bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doctrine et pratique dans deux mouvements de l'Église catholique au Brésil
Authors: Gomes da Silva Edvania 
Published: May 2010

L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier deux mouvements de l’Eglise Catholique au Brésil : la Théologie de la Libération (TL) et la Rénovation Charismatique Catholique (RCC). Il s’agit d’analyser ces deux positionnements discursifs à partir de la relation entre pratiques et articulations doctrinales, en montrant que ces deux aspects procèdent d’un même univers sémantique. En outre, les deux positionnements analysés sont considérés comme parties intégrantes d’un même espace discursif, ce qui corrobore la thèse du « primat de l’interdiscours ». L’analyse montre un mouvement d’étayage entre pratiques et doctrine : les pratiques valident et donnent corps à la doctrine, qui donne sens aux pratiques.
Discours et religion : approche synoptique en sociologie et anthropologie
Authors: Obadia Lionel 
Published: May 2010

Cet article se risque à explorer un thème fondamental, pourtant peu développé dans les sciences sociales de la religion ou des religions : celui du discours. Parent pauvre de l’analyse, il se révèle pourtant essentiel, par son entêtante présence empirique dans le champ des sciences du religieux, en particulier les sciences sociales – sociologie et anthropologie, qui seront examinées ici. Paramètre discret de l’étude des religions, le discours a introduit une véritable révolution de perspective à la faveur d’un glissement paradigmatique qui est celui qui a mené les sciences sociales des religions, sur le plan épistémologique, du réalisme au constructivisme, et sur le plan théorique, des approches linguistiques aux perspectives pragmatiques. Ce pragmatic turn accompagne, en sociologie et en anthropologie, d’autres tournants (politique, poïétique, performatif et actantiel), et réforme profondément le modèle d’une discursivité vassalisée par les questions de sens et les déterminants du langage, au profit d’une discursivité socialement située et symboliquement productive. Ce sont ici quelques jalons de cette conversion en cours qui sont posés.
Émergence, norme et variation dans les langues des signes : vers une redéfinition notionnelle
Authors: Cuxac Christian , Antinoro Pizzuto Elena 
Published: May 2010

La reconnaissance actuelle des langues des signes (LS) comme langues à part entière, certes indiscutable, s’est effectuée à partir de l’affirmation ‘assimilatrice’ qu’elles partageaient toutes les caractéristiques structurales des langues vocales. Cet article montre qu’il s’agit plus souvent d’une condition posée a priori que d’un constat venant clore un ensemble de recherches, et qu’il faut avant tout clarifier des questions nodales pour une description appropriée de l’émergence, de la norme et de la variation dans les LS. Ainsi, est-il cohérent que les descriptions des LS se fondent essentiellement sur la pratique de locuteurs natifs, quand plus de 90 % des personnes sourdes qui, dans le monde, pratiquent une LS ont des parents entendants et n’ont pu acquérir cette langue en contexte familial ? De même, est-il concevable de considérer comme rigoureuses les descriptions qui sont faites de ces langues alors que l’on ne dispose toujours pas, actuellement, d’un système de notation permettant de les noter efficacement ? Nous clarifions et discutons, finalement, les limites des modélisations courantes, « assimilatrices ». Nous exposons un modèle théorique alternatif fondé sur une recherche empirique, qui propose une description plus compréhensive des LS et de leurs spécificités (changement de canal, iconicité). Nous montrons en quoi nos résultats : (a) invitent à une discussion et à une redéfinition de certains des concepts fondateurs de la linguistique structurale (arbitraire du signe linguistique, postulat d’indépendance de la forme par rapport à la substance) et (b) suggèrent que les LS fonctionnent comme des analyseurs privilégiés de l’aptitude humaine au langage.
Effect of the Direct Application of Riboflavin and UVA on the Visian Implantable Collamer Lens
Authors: Hafezi Farhad , Majo Francois , El Danasoury Alaa M. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To report the effect of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) on the optical and material characteristics of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (Visian ICL, STAAR Surgical).

Methods:

Optical and material characteristics were assessed in vitro, analyzing potential changes in riboflavin staining, dioptric power, transmission characteristics, and surface structure. A total of 9 lenses were analyzed: 3 lenses were irradiated with 0.23 mW/cm
2
, the maximal intensity that may be encountered during actual surgery; 3 lenses were irradiated with 2.3 mW/cm
2
, 10 times the maximal intensity encountered during surgery; and 3 lenses served as controls.

Results:
Following CXL with UVA and riboflavin, no changes were observed in the parameters tested; in particular, dioptric power and transmission characteristics were similar before and after CXL.

Conclusions:
Cross-linking with UVA and riboflavin does not affect the optical and material characteristics of the Visian ICL after irradiation with the maximal UVA energy levels that may be encountered during surgery. Even when the UVA irradiation dose was increased by a factor of 10, no changes were observed.
Surface Ablation with Iris Recognition and Dynamic Rotational Eye Tracking–Based Tissue Saving Treatment with the Technolas 217z Excimer Laser
Authors: Prakash Gaurav , Agarwal Amar , Kumar Dhivya Ashok , Jacob Soosan , Agarwal Athiya , Maity Amrita 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes and expected benefits of Tissue Saving Treatment algorithm–guided surface ablation with iris recognition and dynamic rotational eye tracking.

Methods:
This prospective, interventional case series comprised 122 eyes (70 patients). Pre- and postoperative assessment included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refraction, and higher order aberrations. All patients underwent Tissue Saving Treatment algorithm–guided surface ablation with iris recognition and dynamic rotational eye tracking using the Technolas 217z 100-Hz excimer platform (Technolas Perfect Vision GmbH). Follow-up was performed up to 6 months postoperatively. Theoretical benefit analysis was performed to evaluate the algorithm’s outcomes compared to others.

Results:

Preoperative spherocylindrical power was sphere −3.62±1.60 diopters (D) (range: 0 to −6.75 D), cylinder −1.15±1.00 D (range: 0 to −3.50 D), and spherical equivalent −4.19±1.60 D (range: −7.75 to −2.00 D). At 6 months, 91% (111/122) of eyes were within ±0.50 D of attempted correction. Postoperative UDVA was comparable to preoperative CDVA at 1 month (
P
=.47) and progressively improved at 6 months (
P
=.004). Two eyes lost one line of CDVA at 6 months. Theoretical benefit analysis revealed that of 101 eyes with astigmatism, 29 would have had cyclotorsion-induced astigmatism of ≥10% if iris recognition and dynamic rotational eye tracking were not used. Furthermore, the mean percentage decrease in maximum depth of ablation by using the Tissue Saving Treatment was 11.8±2.9% over Aspheric, 17.8±6.2% over Personalized, and 18.2±2.8% over Planoscan algorithms.

Conclusions:
Tissue saving surface ablation with iris recognition and dynamic rotational eye tracking was safe and effective in this series of eyes.
Aspheric Optical Zones: The Effective Optical Zone with the SCHWIND AMARIS
Authors: Camellin Massimo , Arba Mosquera Samuel 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate the effective optical zone (the part of the ablation that receives full correction) among eyes that underwent laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK)/epi-LASEK treatments for myopic astigmatism.

Methods:
Twenty LASEK/epi-LASEK treatments with a mean spherical equivalent refraction (SE) of −5.49±2.35 diopters (D) performed using the SCHWIND AMARIS system were retrospectively evaluated at 6-month follow-up. In all cases, pre- and postoperative corneal wavefront analyses were performed with the Keratron Scout (OPTIKON 2000). Effective optical zone values were evaluated from the changes of root-mean-square (RMS) of higher order wavefront aberration (ΔRMSho), spherical aberration (ΔSphAb), and RMS of the change of higher order wavefront aberration (RMS[ΔHOAb]). Correlations of effective optical zone with planned optical zone and SE correction were analyzed using a bilinear function as well as calculations of the isometric lines for which effective optical zone equals planned optical zone and of the nomogram planned optical zone to achieve an intended effective optical zone.

Results:

At 6 months, SE was −0.05±0.43 D, with 90% of eyes within ±0.50 D. Mean higher order wavefront aberration RMS increased 0.12 μm, spherical aberration 0.09 μm, and coma 0.04 μm after treatment (6-mm diameter). Mean planned optical zone was 6.76±0.25 mm, whereas mean EOZ
ΔRMSho
was 6.74±0.66 mm (bilinear correlation
P
<.005), EOZ
ΔSphAb
was 6.83±0.58 mm (bilinear correlation
P
<.0001), and EOZ
RMS(ΔHOAb)
was 6.42±0.58 mm (significantly smaller,
P
<.05; bilinear correlation
P
<.0005).

Conclusions:

The EOZ
ΔRMSho
and EOZ
ΔSphAb
were similar to the planned optical zone, whereas EOZ
RMS(ΔHOAb)
was significantly smaller. Differences between effective optical zone and planned optical zone were larger for smaller planned optical zone or larger SE corrections. Planned optical zones >6.75 mm result in effective optical zones at least as large as planned optical zones. For optical zones <6.75 mm, a nomogram should be applied.
VLF‐EM study for archaeological investigation of the labyrinth mortuary temple complex at Hawara area, Egypt
Authors: Khalil Mohamed Ahmed , Abbas Abbas Mohamed , Santos Fernando A. Monteiro , Mesbah Hany S.A. , Massoud Usama 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe present study is a test of the applicability of the VLF‐EM method in archaeological prospecting. The Hawara area is about 90 km south of Cairo and is the location of an important archaeological site known as the labyrinth mortuary temple complex, situated south of the Hawara pyramid. No official excavations have been carried out in the labyrinth complex since 1911. VLF‐EM was employed in this study using a small grid, 2 m between profiles and stations. The measured data were interpreted using Fraser and Karous‐Hjelt filters. Two‐dimensional (2D) resistivity cross‐sections have been calculated inverting VLF‐EM data in a quantitative manner. A three‐dimensional (3D) resistivity inversion scheme has been applied to a grid of nine Schlumberger vertical electrical soundings to provide information on the resistivity of the shallow and deep structures in the study area. Results show a large group of elongated and square subsurface anomalies at shallow depths, connected in some parts and separated in others. The spatial distribution of the anomalies significantly matches a historical description by Herodotus.
An integrated acoustic and electromagnetic wave‐based technique to estimate subbottom sediment properties in a freshwater environment
Authors: Lin Y.‐T. , Wu C.H. , Fratta D. , Kung K.‐J. S. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTAn integrated acoustic and electromagnetic (EM) wave‐based technique was developed to estimate sediment porosity and top‐layer thickness in shallow freshwater environments. The integrated methodology reduces the limitation of each of the individual techniques and combines the data for a more robust inversion solution. The acoustic and EM‐wave reflection coefficients are determined based on the ratios of reflected signal strengths from sediments and a reference aluminium plate. An iterative algorithm that uses reflection coefficients to optimize the sediment porosity was developed. Once the optimal sediment porosity is obtained, the acoustic and EM wave speeds and then the top‐layer thickness were evaluated. In comparison with ground truth data, the measured and estimated sediment porosity and top‐layer thickness show differences less than 8.6%. The new integrated method provides an efficient and accurate methodology to obtain sediment properties under different sediment conditions.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Receptor-Mediated IL-6 and CC/CXC Chemokines Expression in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK) and STAT3 Pathways
Authors: Shan Lianyu , Redhu Naresh Singh , Saleh Ali , Halayko Andrew J. , Chakir Jamila , Gounni Abdelilah S. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays a pivotal role in allergic diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and atopic dermatitis. Enhanced TSLP expression has been detected in asthmatic airways that correlated with both the expression of Th2-attracting chemokines and with disease severity. Although cumulative evidence suggests that human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells can initiate or perpetuate the airway inflammation by secreting a variety of inflammatory cell products such as cytokines and chemokines, the role of TSLP in this pathway is not known. In the current study, we sought to investigate whether HASM cells express the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) and whether it is functional. We first demonstrated that primary HASM cells express the transcript and protein of both TSLPR subunits (TSLPR and IL-7Rα). Functionally, TSLPR-mediated HASM activation induced a significant increase in CXC (IL-8/CXCL8), CC (eotaxin-1/CCL11) chemokines, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression. Furthermore, using biochemical and genetic approaches, we found that TSLP-induced proinflammatory gene expression in HASM involved the transcriptional mechanisms, MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), and STAT3 activation. Finally, TSLPR immunoreactivity in bronchial sections from mild allergic asthmatics suggested the potential in vivo TSLP targeting of HASM. Altogether, our data suggest that the TSLPR-mediated HASM activation induces proinflammatory cytokine and chemokines release that may facilitate inflammatory immune cells recruitment in airways. In addition, it may be inferred that TSLPR is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma through the activation of HASM cells by TSLP.
Spatiotemporal Regulation of Heat Shock Protein 90-Chaperoned Self-DNA and CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotide for Type I IFN Induction via Targeting to Static Early Endosome
Authors: Okuya Koichi , Tamura Yasuaki , Saito Keita , Kutomi Goro , Torigoe Toshihiko , Hirata Koichi , Sato Noriyuki 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that TLR9 signaling in early endosomes leads to IFN-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), whereas TLR9 signaling in late endosomes induces pDC maturation, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion. In this study, we show that human DNA as well as CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) in complex with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) stimulate pDCs to produce large quantities of IFN-α. The Hsp90–CpG-A complexes are targeted into the Rab5+, early endosomal Ag 1+-static early endosome postinternalization by DCs, suggesting that preferential sorting of Hsp90-chaperoned self-DNA/CpG-ODNs to the static endosome is required for signaling through TLR9 for IFN-α production. Interestingly, Hsp90-mediated preferential static early endosomal translocation of CpG-ODNs triggers robust IFN-α production from murine conventional DCs. Thus, extracellular Hsp90 converts inert self-DNA/CpG-ODNs into a potent trigger of IFN-α production via spatiotemporal regulation.
B
lack,
F
ischer
Authors: Mehrling Perry 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The central focus of the career of Fischer Black (1938–1995) was on teasing out the implications of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) for the changing institutional framework of financial markets of his day. He became famous for the Black–Scholes options formula, an achievement that is now widely recognized as having opened the door to modern quantitative finance and financial engineering.
S
harpe,
W
illiam
F
.
Authors: Boyle Phelim 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This is a brief summary of two of the major contributions of William F. Sharpe to modern financial economics. Sharpe developed the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) which is an equilibrium relationship between the expected return on a security and the expected return on the market portfolio. The CAPM is a cornerstone of modern finance. Sharpe also introduced the Sharpe ratio which is an elegant and compact risk‐adjusted measure of portfolio performance. The Sharpe ratio plays an important theoretical role in modern continuous‐time finance.
Markowitz, Harry
Authors: Mehta Nina 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Harry Markowitz, whose now‐famous “Portfolio Selection” paper appeared in the March 1952 issue of the
Journal of Finance
, went on to win the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1990 for providing the cornerstone to what came to be known as
modern portfolio theory
. He shared the Nobel Prize with Merton H. Miller and William F. Sharpe. Markowitz's imaginative leap was to look at risk as the variance of the portfolio's returns, and to understand that a diversified portfolio lowers risk without forsaking returns. He came up with what was eventually known as the
efficient frontier
to describe the set of portfolios that provides the least risk for a given level of expected return or the highest expected return for a given level of risk. Markowitz's portfolio theory revolutionized the way investors looked at the trade‐off between risk and reward. It also transformed the investment business by enabling investment managers to construct diversified portfolios and to rigorously measure the performance of those portfolios. Two other areas where Markowitz has made significant contributions are in sparse matrices and a simulation language called
SIMSCRIPT
.
Arbitrage: Historical Perspectives
Authors: Poitras Geoffrey 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article discusses the history of arbitrage from ancient times until the beginning of the twentieth century. Opportunities for arbitrage trading in ancient times were related to the movement of goods over long distances. The key role of the bill of exchange in arbitrage trading during the Middle Ages is identified and the connection to “arbitration of exchange” is discussed. A seventeenth‐century arbitrage involving the gold and bill of exchange markets is detailed. As reflected in merchant manuals of that period, the connection between riskless arbitrage trading and the method of conducting arbitration of exchange in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is detailed. An overview of nineteenth century arbitrage trading in securities and commodities is also provided. The article concludes with an examination of the etymology and historical usage of the word “arbitrage” and the associated “arbitration of exchange”.
Efficient Markets Theory: Historical Perspectives
Authors: Jovanovic Franck 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEfficient market hypothesis (EMH) has been crucial in the creation of financial economics as a proper subfield of economics. What we know today as the EMH was formulated in the period from 1959 to 1976 to give a theoretical explanation to the random character of stock market prices, a feature that had been noted as early as 1863. But the main characteristic of the EMH lies in linking three elements that originally existed independently of each other: (i) the mathematical model of stochastic process; (ii) the concept of economic equilibrium; (iii) the statistical results about the unpredictability of stock market prices. Although debate continues about the interpretation and characterization of the EMH, the link between these three elements allowed the creation of financial economics.
Treynor, Lawrence Jack
Authors: Namvar Ethan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractJack L. Treynor, a pioneer in the use of quantitative methods in finance, helped establish the foundation of academic research in the field of finance and promoted notions such as random walks, efficient markets, risk/return trade‐off and betas that others in the field actively avoided. Treynor is renowned not only for pushing the envelope with new ideas, but also for encouraging others to do the same as well. His articles have also received widespread acclaim in the finance and business communities. In 2008, the International Association of Financial Engineers (IAFE) named him as the 2007 IAFE/SunGard Financial Engineer of the Year.
Fractional Brownian Motion
Authors: Marquardt Tina M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA fractional Brownian motion (fBm) is a self‐similar Gaussian process characterized by its Hurst parameterH ∈ (0, 1). In particular, it is a process with stationary increments which are long‐range dependent forH > 0.5. Unless,H = 0.5 (when fBm is a Brownian motion), it is not a semimartingale, and hence, integrals with respect to fBm cannot be definedviaItô calculus. Models based on fBm have been used in various fields of application such as economics, finance, turbulence, and telecommunications.
Filtrations
Authors: Coculescu Delia , Nikeghbali Ashkan 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In this article, we define the notion of a filtration and the related notion of the usual hypotheses. We then explain the problem of enlargements of filtrations: how are (semi)martingales affected under a change of filtrations? We state the main theorems in the classical frameworks of initial and progressive enlargements of filtrations. In the case of initial enlargements of filtrations, we state the well known Jacod's condition and in the framework of progressive enlargements of filtrations, we give the decomposition of a local martingale in the larger filtration. We finally specialize to the case of immersed filtrations, which is very widely used in credit risk modeling, and study the effect of a combination of changes of filtration and probability measure in this situation.
Stochastic Integrals
Authors: Çetin Umut 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStochastic integrals are first defined with respect to Brownian motion for left‐continuous integrands and then extended to semimartingale integrators and predictable integrands. The conditions under which stochastic integration preserves the martingale property are discussed. Further general properties of stochastic integrals as well as Itô's formula are given.
Forward–Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (
SDEs
)
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

In this article, we introduce the basic theory of forward–backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs), including both decoupled and coupled ones. In the Markovian case, FBSDEs are closely associated with parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs),
via
the so‐called nonlinear Feynman–Kac formula. We also introduce several typical applications of FBSDEs, most notably in option pricing theory and in stochastic control.
Martingale Representation Theorem
Authors: Ma Jin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis note gives a brief history of the “martingale representation theorem”, one of the most powerful and fundamental theorems in stochastic calculus. Various forms of the theorem are presented so that a broad picture of the theorem can be seen from different perspectives. Some new extensions of the theorem, especially those connected to mathematical finance theory, are provided at different levels of depth as pointers for future study.
Backward Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Quenez Marie‐Claire 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) are stochastic differential equations where the terminal condition is a given random variable. We give the main properties of BSDEs and some classical applications to the pricing and hedging of European derivatives, risk measures, and recursive utilities. We also present reflected BSDEs and their application to the pricing of American options.
Stochastic Exponential
Authors: Rheinländer Thorsten 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Let
X
be a semimartingale with
X
0
= 0. Then there exists a unique semimartingale
Z
that satisfies

urn:x-wiley:9780470061602:media:eqf02022:xm1

It is called the
stochastic exponential
of
X
and is denoted by ℰ(
X
).