bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitive Detection of Small Molecule–Protein Interactions on a Metal–Insulator–Metal Label‐Free Biosensing Platform
Authors: Syahir Amir , Kajikawa Kotaro , Mihara Hisakazu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe need to develop label‐free biosensing devices that enable rapid analyses of interactions between small molecules/peptides and proteins for post‐genomic studies has increased significantly. We report a simple metal–insulator–metal (MIM) geometry for fabricating a highly sensitive detection platform for biosensing. MIM substrates consisting of an Au–PMMA–Ag nanolayer were extensively studied using both theoretical and experimental approaches. By monitoring reflectivity changes at the normal incidence angle, we observed molecular interactions as the thickness of the biolayer increased on the substrate surface. These interactions included the adsorption of various proteins (Mw=6–150 kD) and interactions between small molecules (Mw≤2 kD) and the immobilized proteins. The interaction of designed monosaccharide‐modified designed peptides with various lectins was also clearly detected. These interactions could not be detected by the conventional Au‐only substrate. Thus, the MIM approach affords a powerful label‐free biosensing device that will aid our understanding of protein interactions and recognition.
Cover Picture: Naphthalene and Anthracene Complexes Sandwiched by Two {(Cp*)FeI} Fragments: Strong Electronic Coupling between the FeI Centers (Chem. Asian J. 6/2012)
Authors: Hatanaka Tsubasa , Ohki Yasuhiro , Kamachi Takashi , Nakayama Tomonori , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Katada Motomi , Tatsumi Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNo Abstract
Improving extreme precipitation forecasts in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: are synoptic patterns efficient for distinguishing ordinary from heavy rainfall episodes?
Authors: Dolif Giovanni , Nobre Carlos 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis work analysed heavy rainfall events and their predictability on Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using rain gauge data from 2000 to 2010, atmospheric model outputs, and an artificial neural network based on adaptive resonance theory. The latter was applied on top of atmospheric simulations for 2009 and 2010, and we were able to predict 55% of the heavy rainfall events using a combination of relative humidity at 900 hPa and meridional winds at 10 m for a domain covering central and southern Brazil, which represents a relative gain of 67% on predictability when compared to the model predicted rainfall. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Randomized clinical trial of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy versus surgery for the incompetent great saphenous vein
Authors: Shadid N , Ceulen R , Nelemans P , Dirksen C , Veraart J , Schurink G W , van Neer P , vd Kley J , de Haan E , Sommer A 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
New minimally invasive treatment modalities, such as ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS), are becoming more popular. In a multicentre randomized controlled non-inferiority trial, the effectiveness and costs of UGFS and surgery for treatment of the incompetent great saphenous vein (GSV) were compared.

Methods
Patients with primary great saphenous varicose veins were assigned randomly to either UGFS or surgical stripping with high ligation. Recurrence, defined as reflux combined with venous symptoms, was determined on colour duplex scans at baseline, 3 months, 1 year and 2 years after initial treatment. Secondary outcomes were presence of recurrent reflux (irrespective of symptoms), reduction of symptoms, health-related quality of life (EQ-5D™), adverse events and direct hospital costs.

Results
Two hundred and thirty patients were treated by UGFS and 200 underwent GSV stripping. The 2-year probability of recurrence was similar in the UGFS and surgery groups: 11·3 per cent (24 of 213) and 9·0 per cent (16 of 177) respectively (P = 0·407). At 2 years, reflux irrespective of venous symptoms was significantly more frequent in the UGFS group (35·0 per cent) than in the surgery group (21·0 per cent) (P = 0·003). Mean(s.d.) hospital costs per patient over 2 years were €774(344) per patient for UGFS and €1824(141) for stripping.

Conclusion
At 2-year follow-up, UGFS was not inferior to surgery when reflux associated with venous symptoms was the clinical outcome of interest. UGFS has the potential to be a cost-effective approach to a common health problem. Registration numbers: NCT01103258 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov) and NTR654 (http://www.trialregister.nl).
Photorealistic cloth in real‐time applications
Authors: Kang Young‐Min , Cho Chang‐Sik 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose an efficient and stable animation and rendering method for complex mass‐spring‐based cloth model for interactive applications. Although the mass‐spring model can be easily constructed and simulated, it is well known that the model suffers from the instability problem. The method proposed in this paper employs the harmonic oscillation model and analytically integrates the force for better stability and accuracy while keeping the integration scheme still explicit. As the integration scheme is explicit, the method can be easily parallelized, and the performance improvement can be easily obtained by exploiting the parallelism in the graphics processing unit. For the realistic representation of virtual clothes, we also proposed an efficient and effective rendering method for woven surfaces on the basis of alternating anisotropic reflectance and microfacet distribution function rotation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Basic Magnetic Nanoparticles as Efficient Catalysts for the Preparation of Naphthopyran Derivatives.
Authors: Yarahmadi Hossein , Shaterian Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe amino‐coated magnetic nanoparticles can be easily recovered by magnetic decantation and reused four times without significant loss of their catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Effective Synthesis of C‐5‐Substituted 2′‐Deoxyuridine Using Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling in Water.
Authors: Sartori Guillaume , Enderlin Gerald , Herve Gwenaelle , Len Christophe 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTarget compounds bearing various aryl groups at the 5‐position are prepared under very low catalyst loadings.
ChemInform Abstract: Emergent Magnetic Monopoles, Disorder, and Avalanches in Artificial Kagome Spin Ice (Invited)
Authors: Huegli R. V. , Duff G. , O'Conchuir B. , Mengotti E. , Heyderman L. J. , Rodriguez A. Fraile , Nolting F. , Braun H. B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractReview: 38 refs.
Enantioselective sensing of chiral amino alcohols with a stereodynamic arylacetylene‐based probe
Authors: Iwaniuk Daniel P. , Bentley Keith W. , Wolf Christian 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEnantioselective induced circular dichroism analysis of amino alcohols has been accomplished using a conformationally flexible arylacetylene‐based probe exhibiting two terminal aldehyde groups. The chirality of the amino alcohol substrates is imprinted on the stereodynamic receptor upon [1 + 2] condensation, which ultimately generates a strong chiroptical response. The distinct induced circular dichroism effects of the diimines obtained can be used for enantioselective sensing and enantiomeric excess determination of a wide range of substrates. Chirality 24:584–589, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selectively Guanidinylated Aminoglycosides as Antibiotics
Authors: Fair Richard J. , Hensler Mary E. , Thienphrapa Wdee , Dam Quang N. , Nizet Victor , Tor Yitzhak 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe emergence of virulent, drug‐resistant bacterial strains coupled with a minimal output of new pharmaceutical agents to combat them makes this a critical time for antibacterial research. Aminoglycosides are a well‐studied, highly potent class of naturally occurring antibiotics with scaffolds amenable to modification, and therefore, they provide an excellent starting point for the development of semisynthetic, next‐generation compounds. To explore the potential of this approach, we synthesized a small library of aminoglycoside derivatives selectively and minimally modified at one or two positions with a guanidine group replacing the corresponding amine or hydroxy functionality. Most guanidino‐aminoglycosides showed increased affinity for the ribosomal decoding rRNA site, the cognate biological target of the natural products, when compared with their parent antibiotics, as measured by an in vitro fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) A‐site binding assay. Additionally, certain analogues showed improved minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against resistant bacterial strains, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). An amikacin derivative holds particular promise with activity greater than or equal to the parent antibiotic in the majority of bacterial strains tested.
Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Fluoroquinolone Derivatives Containing a Chiral 3‐(Alkoxyimino)‐2‐(aminomethyl)azetidine Moiety
Authors: Lv Kai , Sun Yexin , Sun Lanyin , Wei Zengquan , Guo Huiyuan , Wu Jinwei , Liu Mingliang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of novel (R)/(S)‐7‐(3‐alkoxyimino‐2‐aminomethyl‐1‐azetidinyl)fluoroquinolone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against representative strains. Our results reveal that 12 of the target compounds generally show better activity (MIC: <0.008–0.5 μg mL−1) against the tested Gram‐positive strains including MRSA and MRSE than levofloxacin (LVFX, MIC: 0.125–8 μg mL−1). Their activity is similar to that of gemifloxacin (GMFX, MIC: <0.008–4 μg mL−1). However, they are generally less active than the two reference drugs against Gram‐negative strains. Moreover, against clinical strains of S. aureus including MRSA and S. epidermidis including MRSE, the MIC50 values (0.06–16 μg mL−1) and MIC90 values (0.5–32 μg mL−1) of compounds 16 w, y, and z are 2–8‐ and 2–16‐fold less than LVFX, respectively, and 16 w (MIC90 range: 0.5–4 μg mL−1) was also found to be more active than GMFX (MIC90 range: 1–8 μg mL−1).
The stress birefringence images of low angle grain boundaries in 6H‐SiC single crystals
Authors: Xu Huayong , Gao Yuqiang , Peng Yan , Jiang Kai , Song Sheng , Hu Xiaobo , Xu Xiangang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLow angle grain boundaries, also referred to as domain walls, is one of the major structural defects in c‐axis physical vapor transport (PVT) grown hexagonal Silicon Carbide. To investigate the nature of the low angle boundaries, polarized optical microscope was used. The low angle boundary gives bright stress birefringence images under polarizing optical microscope. Periodic extinction of the stress birefringence images occurs when the (0001)‐face SiC is rotated under polarizing optical microscope. The micro‐structure of the low angle boundary is proposed. Using dislocation elastic theory, it is theoretically confirmed that the domains consist of uniform pure edge dislocations with Burgers vectors perpendicular to the dislocation arrays. The simulation results coincide with the experimental observations.
Outbreeding and lack of temporal genetic structure in a drone congregation of the neotropical stingless beeScaptotrigona mexicana
Authors: Mueller Matthias Y. , Moritz Robin F.A. , Kraus F. Bernhard 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDrone aggregations are a widespread phenomenon in many stingless bee species (Meliponini), but the ultimate and proximate causes for their formation are still not well understood. One adaptive explanation for this phenomenon is the avoidance of inbreeding, which is especially detrimental for stingless bees due to the combined effects of the complementary sex‐determining system and the small effective population size caused by eusociality and monandry. We analyzed the temporal genetic dynamics of a drone aggregation of the stingless beeScaptotrigona mexicanawith microsatellite markers over a time window of four weeks. We estimated the drones of the aggregation to originate from a total of 55 colonies using sibship re‐construction. There was no detectable temporal genetic differentiation or sub‐structuring in the aggregation. Most important, we could exclude all colonies in close proximity of the aggregation as origin of the drones in the aggregation, implicating that they originate from more distant colonies. We conclude that the diverse genetic composition and the distant origin of the drones of theS. mexicanadrone congregation provides an effective mechanism to avoid mating among close relatives.
Design and Synthesis of a Functional Derivative of the Triazinium Cation and Its Rhodium Complex that Shows Photoinduced DNA Cleavage Activity and Photocytotoxicity
Authors: Ghosh Pradip , Sinan Mominul , Lahiri Debojyoti , Roy Sovan , Goswami Sreebrata 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe design and synthesis of an intensely blue rhodium(III) complex [3]+ of a new N,N‐donor ligand, 8‐(quinolin‐8‐ylamino)pyrido[2,1‐c][1,2,4]benzotriazin‐11‐ium, [2]+, which contains a planar pendant triazinium arm, is described. Structural characterization for [3]+ was carried out by using various spectroscopic techniques and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The organometallic rhodium(III) compound shows a ligand‐based reversible reduction at –0.65 V. The electrochemically reduced compound displays a single‐line EPR spectrum that signifies the formation of ligand‐based free radicals. Compound [3]+ shows a binding propensity to calf thymus DNA to give a Kapp value of 6.05 × 105 M–1. The parent triazinium salt, pyrido[2,1‐c][1,2,4]benzotriazin‐11‐ium [1]+ and the ligand salt [2]+ exhibit photoinduced cleavage of DNA in UV‐A light, whereas the reference Rh complex [3]+ photocleaves DNA with red light (647.1 nm). The compounds show photonuclease activities under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Mechanistic investigations under aerobic conditions with several inhibitors indicate the formation of hydroxyl radicals by means of a photoredox pathway. Under anaerobic conditions, it is believed that a photoinduced oxidation of DNA mechanism is operative. Compound [3]+ exhibits photocytotoxicity in HeLa cervical cancer cells to give IC50 values of (12 ± 0.9) μM in UV‐A light at 365 nm and (31.4 ± 1.1) μM in the dark.
Bedrock versus superficial deposits in the Swiss Jura Mountains: what is the legitimate soil parent material?
Authors: Martignier Loraine , Adatte Thierry , Verrecchia Eric P. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTSoils are generally considered to be the result of in situ weathered products of geological substrata. Nevertheless, the Earth's surface is mainly composed of superficial deposits made of sediments reworked during periods of climate instability (glaciation, aridification, flooding, etc.). But to what extent do these deposits influence present‐day soil development and/or lessen the contribution of the geological substratum? In the Swiss Jura Mountains, characterization and distribution of superficial deposits along a toposequence are used in order to decipher the polygenic sources of soil parent materials and question the importance of lithodependence in soil development. The in situ weathering material and the allochtonous deposits are discriminated through analysis of mineralogical composition, grain size distribution of the soil mineral fraction, and multivariate statistical treatment. As expected, calcite is dominant in the autochonous mineral phase, leading to high pH values in deep soil layers. However, the mineralogical composition of the surficial deposits is made of local mineral components mixed with allochtonous aeolian deposits. This exogenous material is dominated by quartz and phyllosilicates, and is reflected by low pH values in soil surficial horizons. The grain size distribution curves of the insoluble residue from bedrocks are unimodal and dominated by fine loam and clays. In contrast, surficial deposits display polymodal curves, demonstrating the contribution of various aeolian episodes and/or sources. Analysis of the surface texture of quartz sand grains shows glacial marks intersected by aeolian shock marks, indicating the posteriority of wind transportation. Loess material originates from Alpine moraines of the Swiss Plateau and is mixed with deposits originating from more proximal Jura moraines, diluting the Alpine signature. Consequently, the soil development does not follow the expected and conventional decalcification process, but is directly influenced by the origin of the primary sediments (even when present only in small amounts) and their evolution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring bioconcentration factors in fish using exposure to multiple chemicals and internal benchmarking to correct for growth dilution
Authors: Adolfsson-Erici Margaretha , Åkerman Gun , McLachlan Michael S. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Modern chemical legislation requires measuring the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of large numbers of chemicals in fish. The BCF must be corrected for growth dilution, because fish growth rates vary between laboratories. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) that BCFs of multiple chemicals can be measured simultaneously in one experiment, and (2) that internal benchmarking using a conservative test substance in the chemical mixture can be used to correct for growth dilution. Bioconcentration experiments were conducted following major elements of the OECD 305 guideline. Fish were simultaneously exposed to 11 chemicals selected to cover a range of BCFs and susceptibility to biotransformation. A method was developed to calculate the growth-corrected elimination rate constant from the concentration ratio of the analyte and a benchmarking chemical for which growth dilution dominated other elimination mechanisms. This method was applied to the experimental data using hexachlorobenzene as the benchmarking chemical. The growth dilution correction lowered the apparent elimination rate constants by between 5% and a factor of four for eight chemicals, while for two chemicals the growth-corrected elimination rate constant was not significantly different from zero. The benchmarking method reduced the uncertainty in the elimination rate constant compared to the existing method for growth dilution correction. The BCFs from exposing fish to 10 chemicals at once were consistent with BCF values from single-chemical exposures from the literature, supporting hypothesis 1. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1853–1860. © 2012 SETAC
Physiological analysis of silver nanoparticles and AgNO3 toxicity to Spirodela polyrhiza
Authors: Jiang Hong-Sheng , Li Ming , Chang Feng-Yi , Li Wei , Yin Li-Yan 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly used in consumer products for their antibacterial activity. Silver nanoparticles may adversely influence organisms when released into the environment. The present study investigated the effect of AgNPs on the growth, morphology, and physiology of the aquatic plant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza). The toxicity of AgNPs and AgNO3 was also compared. The results showed that silver content in plant tissue increased significantly with higher concentrations of AgNPs and AgNO3. Silver nanoparticles and AgNO3 significantly decreased plant biomass, caused colonies of S. polyrhiza to disintegrate, and also resulted in root abscission. Physiological analysis showed that AgNPs and AgNO3 significantly decreased plant tissue nitrate–nitrogen content, chlorophyll a (Chl a) content, chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm). Changes in soluble carbohydrate and proline content were also detected after both AgNO3 and AgNPs treatment. However, after 192 h of recovery, total chlorophyll content increased, and Fv/Fm returned to control level. Median effective concentration (EC50) values for Chl a and phosphate content showed that AgNO3 was more toxic than AgNPs (EC50 values: 16.10 ± 0.75 vs 7.96 ± 0.81 and 17.33 ± 4.47 vs 9.14 ± 2.89 mg Ag L−1, respectively), whereas dry-weight EC50 values showed that AgNPs were more toxic than AgNO3 (13.39 ± 1.06 vs 17.67 ± 1.16 mg Ag L−1). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1880–1886. © 2012 SETAC
Contaminant residues and declines of the Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) in the California Cascades, USA
Authors: Davidson Carlos , Stanley Kerri , Simonich Staci Massey 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Populations of Cascades frogs (Rana cascadae) have declined precipitously in the Mount Lassen area, but remain abundant in the other half of their California range in the Klamath Mountains. To evaluate the role of contaminants in Cascade frog declines, we sampled sediment and frog tadpole tissue at 31 sites where Cascades frogs had disappeared and sites where Cascades frogs are still present across the Lassen and Klamath regions. Pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) were tested and used as surrogates for residue concentrations in Cascades frogs. We analyzed a total of 79 tadpole samples for 73 semivolatile contaminants including pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The most frequently detected residue was endosulfan sulfate, followed by dacthal, chlorpyrifos, PCB 187, endosulfan II, trans-chlordane, and trans-nonachlor. Chorus frogs had similar residue concentrations as Cascades frogs for most but not all chemicals, indicating that chorus frogs can serve as a reasonable proxy for chemical concentrations in Cascades frogs. None of the contaminants in tissue or sediment had significantly higher concentrations at sites where Cascades frogs have disappeared than at sites where Cascades frogs are still present. We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that the contaminants analyzed have contributed to the decline of Cascades frogs in northern California, although we were able to analyze only a handful of the over 300 pesticides currently used in the area. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1895–1902. © 2012 SETAC
Linking HRM and knowledge transfer via individual‐level mechanisms
Authors: Minbaeva Dana B. , Mäkelä Kristiina , Rabbiosi Larissa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn response to recent calls for more research on micro‐foundations, we seek to link human resource management (HRM) and knowledge transfer through individual‐level mechanisms, arguing that individual‐level conditions of action influence the extent to which employees engage in knowledge exchange. We examine four such conditions empirically using data from 811 employees in three Danish multinational corporations (MNCs). Our findings suggest that individual‐level perceptions of organizational commitment to knowledge sharing, and extrinsic motivation, directly influence the extent to which employees engage in firm‐internal knowledge exchange. We also find that intrinsic motivation and engagement in social interaction significantly mediate the relationship between perceived organizational commitment and knowledge exchange. Given that HRM can influence such conditions through an overall signaling effect and various practices, an understanding of these micro‐foundations will shed light on how organizations can effectively enhance knowledge transfer through HRM. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.