bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nose-to-nose comparison of the physiological and molecular responses of rainbow trout to high environmental ammonia in seawater versus freshwater
Authors: Wood Chris M. , Nawata C. Michele 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARY
Steelhead rainbow trout acclimated to either freshwater (FW) or seawater (SW) were exposed to high environmental ammonia (HEA, 1000 μmol l–1 NH4HCO3, pH 7.8–8.0) for 24 h. SW trout restored ammonia excretion more rapidly (3–6 h versus 9–12 h in FW), despite higher production rates and lower plasma pH. Plasma total ammonia levels stabilized at comparable levels below the external HEA concentration, and blood acid–base disturbances were small at both salinities. The electrochemical gradients for NH4+ entry (FNH4+) were the same in the two salinities, but only because FW trout allowed their transepithelial potential to rise by ∼15 mV during HEA exposure. Elevation of plasma [cortisol] during HEA exposure was more prolonged in SW fish. Plasma [glucose] increased in SW, but decreased in FW trout. Plasma [urea-N] also decreased in FW, in concert with elevated urea transporter (UT) mRNA expression in the gills. Of 13 branchial transporters, baseline mRNA expression levels were higher for Rhcg1, NHE2, NKCC1a and UT, and lower for NBC1 and NKA-α1a in SW trout, whereas NKA-α1b, NHE3, CA2, H+-ATPase, Rhag, Rhbg and Rhcg2 did not differ. Of the Rh glycoprotein mRNAs responding to HEA, Rhcg2 was greatly upregulated in both FW and SW, Rhag decreased only in SW and Rhcg1 decreased only in FW. H+-ATPase mRNA increased in FW whereas NHE2 mRNA increased in SW; NHE3 did not respond, and V-type H+-ATPase activity declined in SW during HEA exposure. Branchial Na+,K+-ATPase activity was much higher in SW gills, but could not be activated by NH4+. Overall, the more effective response of SW trout was explained by differences in physical chemistry between SW and FW, which greatly reduced the plasma NH3 tension gradient for NH3 entry, as well as by the higher [Na+] in SW, which favoured Na+-coupled excretion mechanisms. At a molecular level, responses in SW trout showed subtle differences from those in FW trout, but were very different than in the SW pufferfish. Upregulation of Rhcg2 appears to play a key role in the response to HEA in both FW and SW trout, and NH4+ does not appear to move through Na+,K+-ATPase.
Spectral sensitivity of the principal eyes of sunburst diving beetle, Thermonectus marmoratus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), larvae
Authors: Maksimovic Srdjan , Layne John E. , Buschbeck Elke K. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARY
The principal eyes of sunburst diving beetle, Thermonectus marmoratus, larvae are among the most unusual eyes in the animal kingdom. They are composed of long tubes connecting bifocal lenses with two retinas: a distal retina situated a few hundred micrometers behind the lens, and a proximal retina that is situated directly beneath. A recent molecular study on first instar larvae suggests that the distal retina expresses a long-wavelength-sensitive opsin (TmLW), whereas the proximal retina predominantly expresses an ultraviolet-sensitive opsin (TmUV II). Using cloning and in situ hybridization we here confirm that this opsin distribution is, for the most part, maintained in third instar larvae (with the exception of the TmUV I that is weakly expressed only in proximal retinas of first instar larvae). We furthermore use intracellular electrophysiological recordings and neurobiotin injections to determine the spectral sensitivity of individual photoreceptor cells. We find that photoreceptors of the proximal retina have a sensitivity curve that peaks at 374–375 nm. The shape of the curve is consistent with the predicted absorbance of a single-opsin template. The spectral response of photoreceptors from the distal retina confirms their maximum sensitivity to green light with the dominant λ-peak between 520 and 540 nm, and the secondary β-peak between 340 and 360 nm. These physiological measurements support molecular predictions and represent important steps towards understanding the functional organization of the unusual stemmata of T. marmoratus larvae.
SAPling: a Scan-Add-Print barcoding database system to label and track asexual organisms
Authors: Thomas Michael A. , Schötz Eva-Maria 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARY
We have developed a ‘Scan-Add-Print’ database system, SAPling, to track and monitor asexually reproducing organisms. Using barcodes to uniquely identify each animal, we can record information on the life of the individual in a computerized database containing its entire family tree. SAPling has enabled us to carry out large-scale population dynamics experiments with thousands of planarians and keep track of each individual. The database stores information such as family connections, birth date, division date and generation. We show that SAPling can be easily adapted to other asexually reproducing organisms and has a strong potential for use in large-scale and/or long-term population and senescence studies as well as studies of clonal diversity. The software is platform-independent, designed for reliability and ease of use, and provided open source from our webpage to allow project-specific customization.
The chemical basis of host nest detection and chemical integration in a cuckoo paper wasp
Authors: Cini Alessandro , Bruschini Claudia , Signorotti Lisa , Pontieri Luigi , Turillazzi Stefano , Cervo Rita 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYInsect social life is governed by chemicals. A great number of studies have demonstrated that the blend of hydrocarbons present on the cuticle (CHCs) plays a pivotal role in intra- and inter-specific communication. It is not surprising, therefore, that social parasites, specialized in exploiting the costly parental care provided by host workers, exploit the host chemical communication system too. Throughout their life cycle, social parasites intercept and break this CHC-based code. Recently, however, several polar compounds (mainly peptides) have been found in addition to CHCs both on the cuticle and on the comb surface of social insects, and their semiochemical role has been demonstrated in some circumstances. In the present study, we used the paper wasp social parasite–host system Polistes sulcifer (Zimmerman)–Polistes dominulus (Christ) to evaluate the relative importance of the CHCs and polar compounds in two different steps of the host exploitation process: host nest detection by the pre-usurping parasite and parasite chemical integration into the host colony. After separating the polar and apolar fractions of the host nest as well as those of pre- and post-usurpation parasites, we carried out laboratory assays based on the binary choice model. Our results show that nest polar compounds neither are used by the parasite to detect the host's nest nor play a role in parasite chemical integration into the host colony. In contrast, we demonstrate that CHCs are fundamental in both steps, thus confirming their primary role in social insect life and consequently in social parasite–host interactions.
Phototransduction and clock gene expression in the troglobiont beetlePtomaphagus hirtusof Mammoth cave
Authors: Friedrich Markus , Chen Rui , Daines Bryce , Bao Riyue , Caravas Jason , Rai Puneet K. , Zagmajster Maja , Peck Stewart B. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYObligatory cave species exhibit dramatic trait modifications such as eye reduction, loss of pigmentation and an increase in touch receptors. As molecular studies of cave adaptation have largely concentrated on vertebrate models, it is not yet possible to probe for genetic universalities underlying cave adaptation. We have therefore begun to study the strongly cave-adapted small carrion beetle Ptomaphagus hirtus. For over 100 years, this flightless signature inhabitant of Mammoth Cave, the world's largest known cave system, has been considered blind despite the presence of residual lens structures. By deep sequencing of the adult head transcriptome, we discovered the transcripts of all core members of the phototransduction protein machinery. Combined with the absence of transcripts of select structural photoreceptor and eye pigmentation genes, these data suggest a reduced but functional visual system in P. hirtus. This conclusion was corroborated by a negative phototactic response of P. hirtus in light/dark choice tests. We further detected the expression of the complete circadian clock gene network in P. hirtus, raising the possibility of a role of light sensation in the regulation of oscillating processes. We speculate that P. hirtus is representative of a large number of animal species with highly reduced but persisting visual capacities in the twilight zone of the subterranean realm. These can now be studied on a broad comparative scale given the efficiency of transcript discovery by next-generation sequencing.
Flicker-induced eye movements and the behavioural temporal cut-off frequency in a nocturnal spider
Authors: Fenk Lisa M. , Schmid Axel 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARY
We investigated changes in the eye muscle activity in the spider Cupiennius salei as a response to temporal intensity modulations. These spiders are known to enhance eye muscle activity in their principal eyes when moving stimuli are detected in the secondary eyes. We measured the activity of the dorsal eye muscle using a small telemetric unit attached to the spiders' prosoma and confronted the animals to flicker stimuli presented on a cathode ray tube monitor. We registered a significant increase in eye muscle activity as response to temporal light intensity modulations, which implies that no directed motion is required to trigger the spiders' response. This allowed the determination of the behavioural temporal cut-off frequency. None of the frequencies higher than 8.6 cycles s–1 and all of the frequencies lower than 4.3 cycles s–1 elicited a significant increase in eye muscle activity. A behavioural cut-off frequency of only a few cycles per second is well in line with the temporal properties of the photoreceptor cells determined using intracellular recordings. A relatively low temporal resolution and a relatively high spatial resolution suit well C. salei's lifestyle as a nocturnal sit-and-wait hunter.
Hirndruckmodellierung und Regelung einer neuen mechatronischen externen Ventrikeldrainage
Authors: Elixmann Inga , Walter Marian , Goffin Christine , Hahne Sebastian , Kiefer Michael , Leonhardt Steffen 
Published: October 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die Ableitung von Hirnwasser durch externe Ventrikeldrainagen ist eine lebensnotwendige Maßnahme bei akutem Hirndruckanstieg und wird bisher in der Regel rein mechanisch umgesetzt. Die neu entwickelte und hier vorgestellte mechatronische Ventrikeldrainage regelt den Hirndruck und ermöglicht dem Patienten damit eine zuverlässigere Therapie. Das Drainagekonzept erlaubt dem Arzt eine umfassendere Beobachtung des Krankheitsverlaufs durch die Darstellung wichtiger Parameter wie Hirndruck, drainiertem Hirnwasserfluss und Compliance. Für die Regelung der externen Ventrikeldrainage wurde eine statische Teilkompensation des nichtlinearen Prozesses mit einem PI-Anteil kombiniert und simulativ erprobt. Im Einsatz an einem Menschmodell-Prüfstand konnte die geregelte Ventrikeldrainage die vorgegebenen Regelziele erfüllen.
Zur individuellen Erfassung von sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen durch die Wehrmacht
Authors: Otto Reinhard , Keller Rolf 
Published: October 2011

Vorspann
Wie viele sowjetische Soldaten gerieten während des Zweiten Weltkriegs in deutsche Kriegsgefangenschaft? Wie groß ist die Zahl derjenigen Gefangenen, die individuell registriert wurden? In welchen Regionen und Lagern waren sie untergebracht? Dies sind keine nebensächlichen Fragen, denn die sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen waren nach den Juden die größte Opfergruppe nationalsozialistischer Vernichtungspolitik. Nachdem Reinhard Otto, Rolf Keller und Jens Nagel erstmals präzise Zahlen für die einzelnen Lager errechnet hatten (VfZ Oktober 2008), sind ihre Ergebnisse auf Kritik gestoßen (VfZ Juli 2010). Mit dieser Erwiderung geht die Debatte, die über diese Frage entbrannt ist, in ihre letzte Runde.
Thermoelectric power factor enhancement in metal/semiconductor nanocomposites by ionized nanoparticle scattering
Authors: Bahk Je-Hyeong , Bian Zhixi , Zebarjadi Mona , Santhanam Parthi , Ram Rajeev , Shakouri Ali 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe present a theoretical investigation of the thermoelectric power factor enhancement in metal/semiconductor nanocomposites by the energy dependent electron scattering from ionized nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles embedded in semiconductors can be ionized to donate electrons to the matrix, which will result in a Coulomb potential tail around the nanoparticles. Here we show the significant effect of slowly varying potential tails on thermoelectric properties of the nanocomposites. The Coulomb potential is different from that of the conventional ionized impurities due to the finite size of the ionized particles, and the fact that the nanoparticles can give multiple electrons to the matrix. Detailed calculations for scattering rates and thermoelectric coefficients are presented for ErAs semi-metallic nanoparticles in InGaAs semiconductors. The partial wave method is used to consider the exact potential profile around nanoparticles and Boltzmann transport equation is used to calculate the transport coefficients. We find that an increase by 15~30% in power factor can be achieved over a wide temperature range in these material systems in addition to the thermal conductivity reduction to further enhance ZT.
Defect chemistry and electrical properties of a Pr-CeO2 solid solution: From nano- to micro-scale
Authors: Bishop S. R. , Kim J-J. , Thompson N. , Tuller H. L. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn nano-crystalline ceramics, the grain boundary volume fraction is large relative to that in micro-crystalline materials and can therefore become the dominant factor in determining its electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Reduced enthalpies of defect formation for nanocrystalline Pr0.1Ce0.9O2-δ , derived from thermo-gravimetric and impedance spectroscopy measurements, are reported. In addition, observations of cerium carbonate formation on nanoporous materials and implications for thermo-gravimetric analysis are discussed.
Material parameter basis for major and minor trends in nonproportionality of scintillators
Authors: Li Qi , Grim Joel Q. , Williams R. T. , Bizarri G. A. , Moses W. W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe have previously described a numerical model for carrier diffusion and nonlinear quenching in the track of an electron in a scintillator. Significant inequality of electron and hole mobilities predicts a characteristic “hump” in the light yield vs gamma energy, whereas low mobility of either or both carriers accentuates the universal roll-off due to nonlinear quenching at low gamma energy (high dE/dx). The material parameter basis of the two major trends in nonproportionality of scintillators can be related to the effective diffusion coefficient of excitations and the difference of electron and hole mobilities, respectively. Activator concentration, type of activator, and effect of transport anisotropy are associated with minor trends. The predicted trends are qualitatively consistent with empirical measures of nonproportionality including electron yield curves.
Das Schweizerische Landesforstinventar aus Sicht einiger Kantone (Essay)
Authors: Häfner Robert , Hug Ulrich , Gordon Riet , Bettelini Davide , Hess Hermann 
Published: October 2011

The Swiss National Forest Inventory from the perspective of some cantons (essay)
Politicians and the general public rightfully expect the forest services to be able to provide information about the state of the forest and to base their policies on sound data. Public interest in the forest and expectations that it will provide certain services are today focussing more on superordinate, regional spatial units. Information above the level of the forest enterprise is becoming increasingly more important and the duties of the forest services have expanded beyond those associated with single forest enterprises. The Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI) was set up as a national instrument, but is also relevant for the cantons. So far, three inventories have been carried out and the fourth is underway. The cantonal NFI findings have become more relevant during the past 25 years. But what has the NFI really achieved for the cantons? What are its strengths and weaknesses? What risks does the fourth NFI entail with its new, continuous method of data collection and what opportunities does it offer? These questions are addressed here by the authors, who are responsible for forest planning and for contact with the NFI, in the cantons of Aargau, Bern, the Grisons, Ticino and Zurich. The authors work in cantons that have always made above average use of the NFI. All apart from Ticino have made the NFI sampling grid more dense by adding more sampling plots. For these cantons, the NFI has become an indispensable source of basic information. This article does not, therefore, provide a representative picture of how the cantons make use of the NFI, but rather reflects how the NFI could potentially serve the cantons.
Waldflächenentwicklung der letzten 120 Jahre in der Schweiz
Authors: Ginzler Christian , Brändli Urs-Beat , Hägeli Martin 
Published: October 2011

Development of forest area in Switzerland within the last 120 years
Historical maps provide a useful source for spatial landscape analyses as they represent a generalized reflection of geographical reality over large areas at a certain time. Digitization and georeferencing of analog maps help to make such analyses more efficient. In Switzerland, the forest area has grown since the mid 19th century according to statistics of the federal government and the cantons. These statistics, however, provide a limited basis for regional analyses of changes in forest area. In this study, the forest areas in 1880, 1915, 1940 and 2000 were estimated based on analyses of the Topographical Atlas of Switzerland (Siegfried maps [1880Siegfried maps [1915, and 1940]), and of the Topographical Map (2000). Using a sample of 20 638 plots, analogous to the aerial photo-interpretation of the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI), a forest/non-forest decision was made for each time cutting. Overall, in Switzerland the forest area increased by 21.6% from 1880 to 2000. This is much less than what revealed the analysis of statistical sources due to differences in the methods and forest definitions used. Considerable regional differences could be detected, with one general trend from north to south and another from east to west. In most regions with strong urban development, the forest area is stagnating or has slightly decreased. The increase in forest cover has taken place mainly in the Alps and the Southern Alps.
Clinique et cruauté
Authors: Müller Christian 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le projet d’une « nouvelle gouvernance hospitalière » est au risque de disqualification de la psychiatrie, et notamment dans sa dimension hospitalière. Ne vise-t-il pas à dissoudre notre discipline dans le concept de santé mentale, branche de la santé publique ? La logique à l’œuvre actuellement semble moins relever du registre de la qualité des soins que de celui de la réduction du sujet à son cerveau et à ses droits, réduction favorisée par l’instrumentalisation des progrès des neurosciences. Il s’agirait de modifier ici ou là notre pratique, sans tenir compte de la nécessité d’avoir du temps pour les soins, ni de la complexité d’une néoclinique psychosociale.
« Pèse-moi », ou de l'étrange désir d'être évalué
Authors: Vidaillet Bénédicte 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le développement systématique de l’évaluation dans de nombreuses organisations a des conséquences désastreuses : inhibition du travail en équipe, compétition stérile, intensification du travail, contre-performances, etc. La plupart des personnes s’en plaignent. Pourtant, force est de constater que ces méthodes ne cessent de se développer. Notre hypothèse est que ce développement fulgurant n’est rendu possible que grâce au consentement, plus ou moins caché sinon inconscient, des salariés eux-mêmes. Ceux-ci ne sont pas simplement victimes d’un système ; ils y participent activement. À quelle demande inconsciente correspond le désir d’être évalué ? À qui cette demande s’adresse-t-elle et que met-elle en jeu ?
Au travail, on doit obéir : « C'est mon chef ! Elle est plus sensée que moi ! »
Authors: Vanneufville Monique 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Comment reconstruire une histoire à partir du vide, puisque « ça ne voulait pas entrer » ? En fait, il s’agit, pour ce patient, de « faire le vide », soit, comme il dit, de « vider la cocotte » qui se remplit des expressions des autres. Du vide ressort ainsi le rapport persécutif à l’autre, notamment aux chefs et aux collègues, au point de s’exclure par une tentative de suicide, qui ne peut avoir lieu, dira-t-il, que là où « je passe le plus de temps », soit sur le lieu de travail.
Retracted: Three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamic modeling and simulation of fine particle separation from water by a hydrocyclone
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Asif Mohd , Chakraborty Sudipto , Meikap Bhim C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe following article from AIChE Journal, entitled “Three‐Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Fine Particle Separation from Water by a Hydrocyclone,” by Vivek Kumar, Mohd Asif, Sudipto Chakraborty and Bhim C. Meikap, published online on Nov. 7, 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Michael P. Harold and Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. The retraction has been agreed due to overlap between this article and the following article, “Large Eddy Simulation of Hydrocyclone‐Prediction of Air‐Core Diameter and Shape,” by Narashima, Brennan, and Holtham published in International Journal of Mineral Processing.
Multiway discrete hidden Markov model‐based approach for dynamic batch process monitoring and fault classification
Authors: Yu Jie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new multiway discrete hidden Markov model (MDHMM)‐based approach is proposed in this article for fault detection and classification in complex batch or semibatch process with inherent dynamics and system uncertainty. The probabilistic inference along the state transitions in MDHMM can effectively extract the dynamic and stochastic patterns in the process operation. Furthermore, the used multiway analysis is able to transform the three‐dimensional (3‐D) data matrices into 2‐D measurement‐state data sets for hidden Markov model estimation and state path optimization. The proposed MDHMM approach is applied to fed‐batch penicillin fermentation process and compared to the conventional multiway principal component analysis (MPCA) and multiway dynamic principal component analysis (MDPCA) methods in three faulty scenarios. The monitoring results demonstrate that the MDHMM approach is superior to both the MPCA and MDPCA methods in terms of fault detection and false alarm rates. In addition, the supervised MDHMM approach is able to classify different types of process faults with high fidelity. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012