bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Biological Correlative Study of IMP321, a Novel MHC Class II Agonist, in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Brignone Chrystelle , Escudier Bernard , Grygar Caroline , Marcu Manon , Triebel Frédéric 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of IMP321, a recombinant soluble LAG-3Ig fusion protein which agonizes MHC class II–driven dendritic cell activation.
Experimental Design: Patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were treated with escalating doses of IMP321 s.c. Blood samples were assayed to determine plasma pharmacokinetic parameters, detect human anti-IMP321 antibody formation, and determine long-lived CD8 T cell responses.
Results: Twenty-one advanced renal cell carcinoma patients received 119 injections of IMP321 at doses ranging from 0.050 to 30 mg/injection s.c. biweekly for 6 injections. No clinically significant adverse events were observed. Good systemic exposure to the product was obtained following s.c. injections of doses above 6 mg. IMP321 induced both sustained CD8 T-cell activation and an increase in the percentage of long-lived effector-memory CD8 T cells in all patients at doses above 6 mg. Tumor growth was reduced and progression-free survival was better in those patients receiving higher doses (&gt;6 mg) of IMP321: 7 of 8 evaluable patients treated at the higher doses experienced stable disease at 3 months compared with only 3 of 11 in the lower dose group (P = 0.015).
Conclusion: The absence of toxicity and the demonstration of activity at doses above 6 mg warrant further disease-directed studies of IMP321 in combined regimens (e.g., chemoimmunotherapy). (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):6225–31)
Matrix metalloproteinases in subjects with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gharagozlian Sedegheh , Svennevig Katja , Bangstad Hans-Jacob , Winberg Jan-Olof , Kolset Svein Olav 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
Nephropathy is serious complication of diabetes. We have previously shown that level of the proteoglycan syndecan-1 in blood is associated with ultrastructural kidney changes in young persons with type 1 diabetes. Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may contribute to the development of nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate if the levels of MMPs in blood samples are potential markers of early nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from type 1 diabetes patients after 11 years of diabetes (n = 15) and healthy volunteers (n = 12) and stored at ÷80°C until measurement. Levels and activities of serum MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP- 2 were analyzed and compared to those of control individuals using ELISA, SDS-PAGE gelatin zymography, and Western blot analysis.

Results
The serum levels of both MMP-9 and MMP-2 were significantly higher in subjects with type 1 diabetes, compared to controls (p = 0.016 and p = 0.008 respectively). Western blotting revealed no differences between the two groups in the levels of TIMP-1 or TIMP-2, respectively.

Conclusion
Our MMP analysis of serum from a limited number of patients with type 1 diabetes suggest that such analysis is potentially useful as markers in studies of people at risk of progression to chronic kidney disease.
Synthesis of β-Maltooligosaccharides of α-Tocopherol Derivatives by Xanthomonas campestris and Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase and Their Anti-allergic Activity
Authors: Shimoda Kei , Sato Daisuke , Hamada Hiroki 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Synthesis of β-glucosides, β-maltosides, and β-maltotriosides of two α-tocopherol derivatives, i.e., 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4-methylpentyl)-6-chromanol and 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8-dimethylnonyl)-6-chromanol, was achieved by bacterial glucosylation with Xanthomonas campestris followed by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase-catalyzed glucooligosaccharide formation. The β-glucosides and β-maltosides of α-tocopherol derivatives showed inhibitory effects on IgE antibody formation and on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells.
Magnetic-field-induced Synthesis of Co Filtering Film Consisting of Co Nanowires
Authors: Jin Zhen , Li Hao 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Co filtering film consisting of numerous compact Co nanowires with a diameter of ca. 10 nm was prepared by a magnetic-field-induced synthetic route. Room-temperature coercivity (Hc) of the Co filtering film measured with the applied magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the film plane was 210 and 481 Oe, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of bulk Co film.
Stereocontolled Synthesis of (−)-Afzelechin: General Route to Catechin-class Polyphenols by Solving an SN2 vs. SN1 Problem
Authors: Ohmori Ken , Takeda Megumi , Higuchi Takashi , Shono Tomohiro , Suzuki Keisuke 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Stereocontrolled synthesis of (−)-afzelechin was achieved via the Mitsunobu reaction, where complete stereospecificity was observed when an electron-withdrawing group was introduced to the para-position of the B-ring fragment.
Facile Synthesis of 2,3-Diacetoxyflavanones from 3-Aminoflavones
Authors: Miyake Hideyoshi , Nishino Shouko , Sasaki Mitsuru 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
3-Aminoflavone reacts with isopentyl nitrite in acetic acid to give 2,3-diacetoxyflavanone in good yield. 3-Aminoflavone, the starting material, is readily available, and this method is a powerful tool for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxyflavanone derivatives.
Improvement of Pd(II) Adsorption Performance of Condensed-tannin Gel by Amine Modification
Authors: Kim Yeon-Ho , Alam Md Nazmul , Marutani Yoshie , Ogata Takeshi , Morisada Shintaro , Nakano Yoshio 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Condensed-tannin gel adsorbent has been modified through the ammonia treatment to introduce amino groups, which have higher affinity for soft metal ions than hydroxy groups, within the gel structure. This modification resulted in the drastic enhancement of Pd(II) adsorbability in chloride media.
Preparation of Core–Shell Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposite Particles Based on Phase Separation of a Polymer Blend
Authors: Yabu Hiroshi , Koike Kazutaka , Motoyoshi Kiwamu , Higuchi Takeshi , Shimomura Masatsugu 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles with phase-separation structures can be prepared by simple solvent evaporation process from block copolymer or polymer blend solution (self-organized precipitation (SORP)). In this report, core–shell organic–inorganic nanocomposite particles were prepared by combination of block copolymer stabilizing Au nanoparticles and polymer blend. Block copolymer stabilizing Au NPs were prepared by reduction of Au ion in their micelles. Nanocomposite particles of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and block copolymer stabilizing Au NPs are successfully prepared by using the SORP method.
Cholesterol Analogs Labeled with Novel Silylated Fluorescent Compounds
Authors: Moriguchi Tomohisa , Hosaka Masahiro , Yoshinari Akihito , Ozaki Akiko , Takeuchi Toshiyuki , Shinozuka Kazuo 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Novel fluorescent cholesterol derivatives bearing dimethylsilylated fluorescent molecules were prepared. The derivatives exhibit markedly enhanced fluorescence compared to that of an analogous derivative bearing unmodified pyrene in living cells.
The efficacy of SMS text messages to compensate for the effects of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia
Authors: Pijnenborg G. H. M. , Withaar F. K. , Brouwer W. H. , Timmerman M. E. , van den Bosch R. J. , Evans J. J. 
Published: September 2009

Background and aims.Many people with schizophrenia have severe cognitive impairments that hamper their activities. The effect of pharmacological and behavioural interventions on cognitive functioning has been demonstrated, but even after successful intervention considerable impairments can remain. Therefore, we sought for alternative ways to help patients cope with the effects of their cognitive impairments. In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy of short message service (SMS) text messages to compensate for the effects of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia in daily life.Design.A waiting list controlled trial was conducted: patients were quasi‐randomly assigned to an A‐B‐A (baseline–intervention–follow‐up) condition or an A‐A‐B‐A condition that included an additional 7‐week waiting list. The waiting list was included to control for the effect of time on relevant outcome.Method.Sixty‐two people with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders were included in the study. All patients showed impaired goal‐directed behaviour in daily life‐situations. Patients were prompted with SMS text messages to improve their everyday functioning. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of goals achieved.Results.The overall percentage of goals achieved increased with prompting, while performance dropped to baseline level after withdrawing the prompts. Keeping appointments with mental health workers and carrying out leisure activities increased with prompting, while medication adherence and attendance at training sessions remained unchanged. A majority of the patients enjoyed receiving the SMS text messages.Discussion.Prompting can significantly improve achievement of a number of relevant goals. For other goals, combining prompting with interventions that enhance motivation seems indicated.
Muslim views on mental health and psychotherapy
Authors: Weatherhead Stephen. , Daiches Anna. 
Published: September 2009

Objectives. The aim of this research was to explore with a heterogeneous Muslim population their understanding of the concept of mental health and how any mental distress experienced by an individual can best be addressed.Design. A qualitative approach was taken. Participants were interviewed, and data analysed thematically.Methods. A sample of 14 Muslims was interviewed according to a semi‐structured interview schedule. Participants were recruited via electronic mailing lists, and communications with local Muslim organizations. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results. Thematic analysis identified seven operationalizing themes that were given the labels ‘causes’, ‘problem management’, ‘relevance of services’, ‘barriers’, ‘service delivery’, ‘therapy content’, and ‘therapist characteristics’.Conclusions. The results highlight the interweaving of religious and secular perspectives on mental distress and responses to it. Potential barriers are discussed, as are the important characteristics of therapy, therapists, and service provision. Clinical implications are presented along with the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research.
Study of the Mechanisms Controlling the Oxide Growth Under Irradiation: Characterization of Irradiated Zircaloy-4 and Zr-1Nb-O Oxide Scales
Authors: Bossis P , Thomazet J , Lefebvre F 
Published: September 2009

In PWRs, the Zr-1Nb-O alloy shows a marked enhancement in corrosion resistance in comparison with Zircaloy-4. The aim of this work is to analyze the reasons for these different behaviors and to determine the respective nature of the oxide growth controlling mechanisms under irradiation. Samples taken from Zircaloy-4 irradiated 1, 2, and 4 cycles and Zr-1Nb-O irradiated 1 and 3 cycles have been systematically characterized by optical microscopy, SEM coupled with image analysis, hydride distribution, and XRD. Specific TEM characterizations have been performed on the Zr-1Nb-O samples. A XPS analysis of a nonirradiated sample is also reported. It has been shown that under irradiation the slow oxidation kinetics of the Zr-1Nb-O alloy is associated with very regular metal-oxide interface and oxide layer. On the contrary, the accelerated oxidation kinetics of Zircaloy-4 is associated with highly perturbed metal-oxide interface and oxide layer. On both irradiated alloys, cracks are observed to initiate preferentially above the delayed parts of the oxidation front. Hydrogen intake during water oxidation in PWR environment is found to be much lower on the Zr-1Nb-O alloy than on Zircaloy-4. More β-ZrO2 is found on the oxide layer formed on Zircaloy-4 than on Zr-1Nb-O after oxidation in PWR. Classical irradiation-induced microstructural evolution is observed in the Zr-1Nb-O metallic alloy after 3 cycles, i.e., a fine β-Nb precipitation. β-Nb precipitates are observed to undergo a delayed oxidation associated with a crystalline to amorphous transformation. After water oxidation in autoclave, a pronounced Nb segregation is detected on the oxide surface of a Zr-1Nb-O sample.
These results suggest that the oxidation kinetics of Zircaloy-4 is controlled essentially by oxygen diffusion through the inner barrier layer, which is significantly accelerated under irradiation. The oxidation kinetics of Zr-1Nb-O is controlled by both oxygen diffusion through the inner barrier and by water reduction at the oxide-environment interface; these two mechanisms are less affected by irradiation on this alloy.
Influence of Composition and Condition on In-PWR Behavior of Zr-Sn-Nb-FeCrV Alloys
Authors: Seibold A , Garzarolli F 
Published: September 2009

Corrosion and dimensional behavior of Zr-Sn-Nb-FeCrV alloys with varying conditions and compositions having been tested out-of-pile and after irradiation in “hot” PWRs for long exposure times (up to 9 annual cycles) and very high burnups (98 MWd/kgU). The exploratory program for alternative zirconium-based alloys performed on fuel rod cladding and corrosion coupons allowed an understanding of the separate effects of composition and fabrication and yielded Zr alloys appropriate for high-burnup, high-fuel-duty application.
In the alloy system Zr-Sn-FeCrV, the corrosion rate decreases with decreasing Sn and increasing Fe+Cr+V content, much more pronounced in-PWR than out-of-pile. The addition of Nb exhibits a similar effect as Fe+Cr+V, but increases corrosion in general if Sn &gt; 0.4%. Zr-Sn-FeCr alloys are sensitive to the thermal treatment during fabrication and therefore have to be fabricated according to a well-defined A-parameter to achieve high corrosion resistance. Nb and V containing Zr-Sn-Fe alloys allow fabrication in a larger A-parameter range. The beneficial effect of high cold work and a low degree of recrystallization on corrosion is significantly reduced if the Sn content is low.
At high fluences, some alloys exhibit an increase in the corrosion rate. With decreasing Sn content, the onset of the acceleration is shifted towards higher fluences and its extent is reduced. Alloys containing Sn &lt; 0.2% do not exhibit increased corrosion induced by high fluences, at least up to 1.6E22 cm-2, E &gt; 1 MeV.
Irradiation induced and thermal creep depend on the content of Sn, Nb, and O in solid solution, on the grain size, and on the degree of recrystallization.
Growth of stress-relieved and partially recrystallized fuel rod claddings strongly depends on the Sn content: it is low if Sn &lt; 0.5%. In addition, the C content and the grain size affect growth of fuel rods.
Selected Etchants for Electron Microscope Studies of Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Moe CA 
Published: September 2009

The standard methyl iodide (CH3I) etch followed by a rinsing schedule designed to remove light magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2) films formed during the etching process gives film-free surfaces suitable for electron microscope examination on most of the magnesium-aluminum alloys, magnesium-aluminum-manganese alloys, and magnesium alloys containing amounts of aluminum and zinc up to 1 per cent aluminum and 1 per cent zinc. Modifications of this etching and/or rinsing schedule or new etchants are required for the remaining magnesium alloys.
Satisfactory etching techniques are now available for preparing most of the present magnesium alloys for electron microscope studies. Notable exceptions are the alloys containing zinc and zirconium. The elimination of fine zirconium and complex hydride particles which tend to obscure the microstructures of these alloys has not been possible.
Lubrication of Ball Bearings for Space Applications
Authors: Clauss F. J. , Drake S. P. , Young W. C. 
Published: September 2009

The operation of equipment in space has required a new evaluation of lubricants. To evaluate these lubricants, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company has conducted a test program of operating lubricated, instrument-size ball bearings in pressures of 10−7 to 10−9 torr.
Four classes of lubricants have been tested in the vacuum pressure range mentioned above. Bearings using the most successful of the oil and grease lubricants tested have operated continuously for over 1 yr. The most promising tests using special retainer materials have been 3 to 6 months in duration. Tests using dry-film lubricants have shown poor reproducibility and short life-times of only about 3 months.
Measuring Pavement Friction Characteristics at Variable Speeds for Added Safety
Authors: Jackson N. Mike , Choubane Bouzid , Holzschuher Charles , Gokhale Salil 
Published: September 2009

Pavement friction testing is frequently conducted in accordance with the provisions outlined in ASTM E 274, “Standard Test Method for Skid Resistance of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire.” The standard speed of testing in Florida is 40 mph (64.4 km/h). However, due to safety concerns related to testing on high-speed facilities, considerable attention has been focused in recent years on height-sensor based (non-contact) technology. It is potentially well suited for surveying the surface texture characteristics of pavement sections while operating at highway speed.
Although the height-sensor based technology has been available since the 1960s, it continues to mature. A considerable amount of research has been conducted to gain further understanding on the factors affecting high-speed pavement surface surveying from both the analytical and experimental points of view. Still some problems have not fully been resolved, particularly in the interpretation of the measured data and selection of adequate sensing technology (or sensor designs).
The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) initiated the present study to assess the feasibility of using high-speed, laser-based sensors to quantify the texture and friction characteristics of asphalt pavements. The main objective of this study is to provide for a safer, faster and more appropriate method of estimating pavement friction characteristics on high-speed facilities, ramps, and at other potentially hazardous sites. Further, it is also intended to provide for a means to obtain a measure of International Friction Index (IFI) in accordance with ASTM E 1960.
This paper presents a description of the FDOT testing program, the data collection effort, as well as the subsequent analyses and findings.
Effects of Insulin on the Metabolic Control of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis In Vivo
Authors: Edgerton Dale S. , Ramnanan Christopher J. , Grueter Carrie A. , Johnson Kathryn M.S. , Lautz Margaret , Neal Doss W. , Williams Phillip E. , Cherrington Alan D. 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE
Insulin represses the expression of gluconeogenic genes at the mRNA level, but the hormone appears to have only weak inhibitory effects in vivo. The aims of this study were 1) to determine the maximal physiologic effect of insulin, 2) to determine the relative importance of its effects on gluconeogenic regulatory sites, and 3) to correlate those changes with alterations at the cellular level.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Conscious 60-h fasted canines were studied at three insulin levels (near basal, 4×, or 16×) during a 5-h euglycemic clamp. Pancreatic hormones were controlled using somatostatin with portal insulin and glucagon infusions. Glucose metabolism was assessed using the arteriovenous difference technique, and molecular signals were assessed.

RESULTS
Insulin reduced gluconeogenic flux to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) but only at the near-maximal physiological level (16× basal). The effect was modest compared with its inhibitory effect on net hepatic glycogenolysis, occurred within 30 min, and was associated with a marked decrease in hepatic fat oxidation, increased liver fructose 2,6-bisphosphate level, and reductions in lactate, glycerol, and amino acid extraction. No further diminution in gluconeogenic flux to G6P occurred over the remaining 4.5 h of the study, despite a marked decrease in PEPCK content, suggesting poor control strength for this enzyme in gluconeogenic regulation in canines.

CONCLUSIONS
Gluconeogenic flux can be rapidly inhibited by high insulin levels in canines. Initially decreased hepatic lactate extraction is important, and later reduced gluconeogenic precursor availability plays a role. Changes in PEPCK appear to have little or no acute effect on gluconeogenic flux.
Detection of O-glycosylated proteins from different Trichinella species muscle larvae total extracts
Authors: Milcheva R. , Petkova S. , Babál P. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The aim of the work was to analyze oligosaccharide composition with the focus on O-linked glycoproteins presence in the total extract obtained from different Trichinella species muscle larvae by means of lectin affino-blot with lectins selected for their sugar specificity. The absence of reactivity with two lectins, Tritrichomonas mobilensis lectin and Maackia amurensis agglutinin, indicated that the species of the Trichinella genus do not synthesize sialic acid. Reactivity with Helix pomatia lectin, Vicia villosa lectin-B4, peanut agglutinin and Ulex europeus lectin-I identified the presence of O-linked glycans identical to carcinoma-associated Tn-antigen (GalNAc-α-Ser/Thr) and T-antigen (Gal-β1,3-GalNAc-α-Ser/Thr) and also structures analogous to ABH-blood group antigens. The results obtained may contribute to a better understanding of the glycobiology of this parasitic nematode in relation to occupation of its intracellular niches.
Increasing antioxidant protection during mebendazole and AKβ vitamin complex treatment of experimental trichinellosis in rats
Authors: Tolstoy V. , Lytvynets A. , Langrová I. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
To enhance the effect of treatment method of Trichinellosis with mebendazole, lipid peroxidation processes (LPP) in blood of Wistar rats experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis were investigated. In accordance with health condition of infected rats treated with mebendazole and combination of mebendazole and AKβ vitamin complex, dynamics of the main values of the LPP (such as: activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) concentration in blood serum) were analyzed. It was concluded that mebendazole amplifies the LPP in rat’s blood. Additional administrations of the AKβ vitamin complex allow improvement of LPP parameters, raising compensatory-adaptive reactions of the host organism and reducing the rate of the experimental animal’s mortality.