bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Awareness in NMR in Biomedicine
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of NMR in biomedicine. Each bibliography is divided into 12 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Technology; 4 Contrast Agents; 5 Brain and Nerves; 6 Neuropathology; 7 Cancer; 8 Cardiac, Vascular and Respiratory Systems; 9 Liver, Kidney and Other Organs; 10 Muscle and Orthopaedic; 11 Plants, Micro‐organisms and Parasites; 12 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.
A multiscale finite element method for the dynamic analysis of surface‐dominated nanomaterials
Authors: Park Harold S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to present a multiscale finite element method that captures nanoscale surface stress effects on the dynamic mechanical behavior of nanomaterials. The method is based upon arguments from crystal elasticity, i.e. the Cauchy–Born rule, but significantly extends the capability of the standard Cauchy–Born rule by accounting for critical nanoscale surface stress effects, which are well known to have a significant effect on the mechanics of crystalline nanostructures. We present the governing equations of motion including surface stress effects, and demonstrate that the methodology is general and thus enables simulations of both metallic and semiconducting nanostructures. The numerical examples on elastic wave propagation and dynamic tensile and compressive loading show the ability of the proposed approach to capture surface stress effects on the dynamic behavior of both metallic and semiconducting nanowires, and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach in studying the deformation of nanostructures at strain rates and time scales that are inaccessible to classical molecular dynamics simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalized finite element formulation for arbitrary basis functions: From isogeometric analysis to XFEM
Authors: Benson D. J. , Bazilevs Y. , De Luycker E. , Hsu M.‐C. , Scott M. , Hughes T. J. R. , Belytschko T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMany of the formulations of current research interest, including iosogeometric methods and the extended finite element method, use nontraditional basis functions. Some, such as subdivision surfaces, may not have convenient analytical representations. The concept of an element, if appropriate at all, no longer coincides with the traditional definition. Developing a new software for each new class of basis functions is a large research burden, especially, if the problems involve large deformations, non‐linear materials, and contact. The objective of this paper is to present a method that separates as much as possible the generation and evaluation of the basis functions from the analysis, resulting in a formulation that can be implemented within the traditional structure of a finite element program but that permits the use of arbitrary sets of basis functions that are defined only through the input file. Elements ranging from a traditional linear four‐node tetrahedron through a higher‐order element combining XFEM and isogeometric analysis may be specified entirely through an input file without any additional programming. Examples of this framework to applications with Lagrange elements, isogeometric elements, and XFEM basis functions for fracture are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the control of the load increments for a proper description of multiple delamination in a domain decomposition framework
Authors: Allix O. , Kerfriden P. , Gosselet P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn quasi‐static non‐linear time‐dependent analysis, the choice of the time discretization is a complex issue. The most basic strategy consists in determining a value of the load increment that ensures the convergence of the solution with respect to time on the base of preliminary simulations. In more advanced applications, the load increments can be controlled for instance by prescribing the number of iterations of the non‐linear resolution procedure, or by using an arc‐length algorithm. These techniques usually introduce a parameter whose correct value is not easy to obtain. In this paper, an alternative procedure is proposed. It is based on the continuous control of the residual of the reference problem over time, whose measure is easy to interpret. This idea is applied in the framework of a multiscale domain decomposition strategy in order to perform 3D delamination analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐thrombotic syndrome after central venous catheter removal in childhood cancer survivors is associated with a history of obstruction
Authors: Revel‐Vilk Shoshana , Menahem Motti , Stoffer Chanie , Weintraub Michael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundA potential long‐term complication of central venous catheter (CVC)‐related deep vein thrombosis (DVT), both symptomatic and asymptomatic, is development of post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS) characterized by persistent pain, swelling, and skin changes. Signs and symptoms of PTS were reported after CVC removal. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for development of PTS in childhood cancer survivors.ProcedureChildren followed at the after cancer follow‐up clinic were enrolled. The patients were screened for PTS using Kuhle's PTS pediatric score. Patient's records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical and CVC‐related data.ResultsFifty‐one children were enrolled at a median of 2.3 (range 0.33–7.5) years after removal of their CVC. The median age of the children the time of treatment was 6.5 (range 0.25–18) years. Mild PTS was present in 20 children (39%, 95% CI 26–54%). Pain symptoms were reported in five children (9.5%, 95% CI 3.3–21.4%). Higher rate of PTS was found in children with history of CVC occlusion. The odd ratio (95% CI) for PTS in children with history of occlusion was 3.7 (95% CI 1.1–12.5%) (P = 0.029). The occurrence of PTS was not associated with age at the time of treatment, time from CVC removal, duration of CVC, and history of infection.ConclusionsScreening cancer survivors for PTS after CVC removal should be integrated to the after cancer follow‐up clinic. Obstruction of CVC may indicate for asymptomatic DVT. Whether thromboprophylaxis and/or prevention of CVC occlusion can decrease the rate of PTS needs to be studied. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:153–156. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MDM2 SNP309 genotype is associated with ferritin and LDH serum levels in children with stage 4 neuroblastoma
Authors: Parodi Stefano , Perfumo Chiara , Garaventa Alberto , Inga Alberto , Mazzocco Katia , Defferrari Raffaella , Tonini Gian Paolo , Fronza Gilberto , Haupt Riccardo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundMDM2 SNP309, characterised by a T‐to‐G substitution in the MDM2 promoter, is associated with higher gene expression compared to wild type and was recently found to be a negative prognostic factor for patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma (NB), but not for children with localised disease. This polymorphism was not associated with any clinical or genetic tumour characteristics, including MYCN amplification and 1p chromosome deletion.ProcedureTo better define the involvement of MDM2 SNP309 in NB, we explored its association with the main biochemical tumour markers, namely urinary concentrations of vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) and blood concentrations of ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A cohort of 497 NB children, enrolled in the Italian Neuroblastoma Registry between January 1985 and December 2005 and previously investigated for the prognostic role of MDM2 SNP309, was considered for this study.ResultsVMA and HVA concentrations as well as HVA/VMA ratio were not affected by the MDM2 SNP309 genotype. Ferritin and LDH concentrations were significantly lower in TT than in TG/GG only in patients with stage 4 disease (P = 0.007 and 0.015, respectively). No association emerged in patients with localised disease. These findings were not affected by confounding from clinical or biological characteristics.ConclusionsThe association between MDM2 SNP309 and both ferritin and LDH in patients with stage 4 disease confirms the prognostic role of this polymorphism. The results suggest that the MDM2 SNP309 genotype can impact on tumour responses to hypoxia and might play an important role in the alteration of energetic metabolism in NB cells. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:267–272. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Non‐traditional lightweight polypropylene composites reinforced with milkweed floss
Authors: Reddy Narendra , Yang Yiqi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLightweight composites are preferred for automotive applications due to the weight restrictions and also due to the presence of inherent voids that can enhance the sound absorption of these composites. The density of the reinforcing materials plays a crucial role in such lightweight composites. Milkweed is a unique natural cellulose fiber that has a completely hollow center and low density (0.9 g cm−3) unlike any other natural cellulose fiber. The low density of milkweed fibers will allow the incorporation of higher amounts of fiber per unit weight of a composite, which is expected to lead to lightweight composites with better properties. Polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with milkweed fibers have much better flexural and tensile properties than similar PP composites reinforced with kenaf fibers. Milkweed fiber‐reinforced composites have much higher strength but are stiffer than kenaf fiber‐reinforced PP composites. Increasing the proportion of milkweed in the composites from 35 to 50% increases the flexural strength but decreases the tensile strength. The low density of milkweed fibers allows the incorporation of higher amounts of fibers per unit weight of the composites and hence provides better properties compared to composites reinforced with common cellulose fibers with relatively high density. This research shows that low‐density reinforcing materials can more efficiently reinforce lightweight composites. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of the addition of depolymerised ethylene vinyl acetate on the mechanical, thermal, chemical and shrinkage properties of cured unsaturated polyester resins
Authors: Shenoy Mohan A , D'Mello Dawid , Patil Mrinalini 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUnsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) are versatile compounds. However, their major drawback is the high shrinkage exhibited on curing. An attempt was made to reduce the shrinkage of UPRs without affecting other properties. In the present study a commonly used iso‐reactive UPR was modified by the addition of ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA; subjected to controlled depolymerisation to obtain samples of various molecular weights), and was cured at room temperature. The peak exotherm temperature and gel time were both observed to decrease with an increase in EVA content. The composition incorporating 0.5% of depolymerised EVA1 (highest degree of branching) showed maximum improvement in tensile and flexural properties with the heat deflection temperature and impact properties remaining almost unaffected. A uniform dispersion for the UPR containing 0.5% of EVA1 was observed. Addition of EVA reduced the percentage shrinkage in the modified matrix. Incorporation of depolymerised EVA can be an attractive option for the reduction of shrinkage in UPRs. The advantage of using depolymerised EVA is that generated waste EVA can be depolymerised and reused for this application making it cost effective. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Fabrication and characterization of electrospun fibrous nanocomposite scaffolds based on poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends
Authors: Samani Faezeh , Kokabi Mehrdad , Soleimani Masoud , Valojerdi Mojtaba Rezazadeh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTissue engineering involves the fabrication of three‐dimensional scaffolds to support cellular in‐growth and proliferation. Ideally, the scaffolds should be similar to the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Electrospun polymer nanofibrous scaffolds are appropriate candidates for ECM mimetic materials since they mimic the nanoscale properties of ECM. Electrospun polymer nanocomposites based on poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by a solution intercalation technique followed by electrospinning. The morphology of fibrous scaffolds based on these nanocomposites was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The scaffolds showed highly porous structure within the nanofibres of diameters ranging from 400 to 700 nm. X‐ray diffractometry gave evidence of good dispersion of the OMMT in the blends with exfoliated morphology. Measurements of the water uptake and water contact angle of the fibrous scaffolds indicated significant improvement in the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds. Evaluations of the mechanical properties and unrestricted somatic stem cell culture of the electrospun fibrous nanocomposite scaffolds revealed that the PLGA90/PVA10/1.5% OMMT and PLGA90/PVA10/3% OMMT samples are the most useful from the tissue engineering application viewpoint. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in protein abundance during powdery mildew infection of leaf tissues of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Marsh Ellen , Alvarez Sophie , Hicks Leslie M. , Barbazuk W. Brad , Qiu Wenping , Kovacs Laszlo , Schachtman Daniel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA comparative analysis of differentially expressed proteins in a susceptible grapevine (Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’) during the infection of Erysiphe necator, the causal pathogen of grapevine powdery mildew (PM), was conducted using iTRAQ. The quantitative labeling analysis revealed 63 proteins that significantly changed in abundance at 24, 36, 48, and 72 h post inoculation with powdery mildew conidiospores. The functional classification of the PM‐responsive proteins showed that they are involved in photosynthesis, metabolism, disease/defense, protein destination, and protein synthesis. A number of the proteins induced in grapevine in response to E. necator are associated with the plant defense response, suggesting that PM‐susceptible Cabernet Sauvignon is able to initiate a basal defense but unable to restrict fungal growth or slow down disease progression.
Adsorption behavior of partially collapsed polyacrylate coils on mica surfaces: A reciprocal space approach
Authors: Sinha Prashant , Lages Sebastian , Kiriy Anton , Huber Klaus , Stamm Manfred 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this article, we investigate tapping mode atomic force microscopy images of intermediate states along the coil to globule transition of sodium polyacrylate coils containing Ca2+ as specifically binding ions. The structural correlations within single adsorbed molecules are established using power spectral density (PSD) curves. The PSD curves of several single molecules are averaged to give the so called 2D form factor so as to obtain information of higher statistical merit. A proper interpretation of the 2D form factor and comparison with form factor analysis of the very same sample solution available through small angle neutron scattering provides an alternative quantification of changes in conformation which a single polyacrylate molecule undergoes as it moves from 3D solution to 2D surface and is inevitably distorted in shape because of sample history. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1553–1561, 2010
Fabrication of functional nano‐objects via self‐assembly of nanostructured hybrid materials
Authors: Pietsch Torsten , Gindy Nabil , Mahltig Boris , Fahmi Amir 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA simple route to fabricate functional nano‐objects via self‐assembly of block copolymer‐based hybrid materials is described. In water–toluene mixtures, spheres, rod‐like morphologies, and ring‐like morphologies as well as vesicles of metal loaded block copolymers micelles are fabricated. The concept is generic to realize different functionalities by incorporating various inorganic components (Au, Ag, Pt, Co…) into the block copolymer matrix. A mechanism describing the formation of micellar aggregates with different morphologies is presented based on a simple force balance approach. Moreover, the composition of the solvent mixture is modified to gain control over the morphology of micellar aggregates. It was found that swelling of the micelle core with a selective cosolvent is the driving force to induce morphology transitions from spherical to rod‐ and ring‐like structures as well as vesicles. These nano‐objects can be further used as building blocks to construct well‐defined structures via self‐assembly in spin coated thin films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1642–1650, 2010
Effect of homopolymer solubilization on triblock gel structure and mechanical response
Authors: Seitz Michelle E. , Rottsolk Rebecca L. , Shull Kenneth R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe linear modulus, swelling behavior, and high strain response of a set of well‐characterized model triblock gels were investigated to understand the effect of homopolymer solubilized within the micelle core on gel structure and mechanical properties. Structural parameters were obtained from small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) as well as from self‐consistent field theory (SCFT) calculations. Experimental results are compared with Neo‐Hookean and exponentially strain hardening models for gel behavior and rigid filler effects are discussed. The main conclusion is that the addition of homopolymer to the micelle core increases the chain stretching in both the core and coronal blocks. The total extension of a chain for a given external load is fixed by its length; however, the initial prestretch imparted to the chain due to micellization changes with the size of the micelle core and can greatly reduce the amount of extension observed for a given external force. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1395–1408, 2010
TOF‐GISANS investigation of polymer infiltration in mesoporous TiO2 films for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Kaune Gunar , Haese‐Seiller Martin , Kampmann Reinhard , Moulin Jean‐Francois , Zhong Qi , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe structure of porous TiO2 films and TiO2:poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) composite films is investigated with time‐of‐flight grazing incidence small‐angle neutron scattering (TOF‐GISANS). The TiO2 films have been prepared by application of a sol–gel process with a diblock copolymer as structure directing agent, and the conductive polymer PVK is infiltrated in the porous network by spin coating and solution casting. The films show a hierarchical pore structure with mesopores 52 nm in size and additional large macropores with a diameter of about 180 nm. By matching the scattering contrast of the TiO2 with the polymer information about the penetration of the polymer in the pores is determined. Whereas in the PVK film prepared by solution casting the pores are filled to a high degree; in the spin coated film, PVK wets only the TiO2 pore walls and forms a solid overlying layer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1628–1635, 2010
Processing‐structure‐mechanical property relationships of semicrystalline polyolefin‐based block copolymers
Authors: Deplace Fanny , Wang Zhigang , Lynd Nathaniel A. , Hotta Atsushi , Rose Jeffrey M. , Hustad Philip D. , Tian Jun , Ohtaki Hisashi , Coates Geoffrey W. , Shimizu Fumihiko , Hirokane Kousou , Yamada Fumiyoshi , Shin Yong‐Woo , Rong Lixia , Zhu Jie , Toki Shigeyuki , Hsiao Benjamin S. , Fredrickson Glenn H. , Kramer Edward J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe incremental plastic deformation of the crystals of block copolymers made of semicrystalline polypropylene endblocks and amorphous ethylene‐r‐propylene midblocks occurring during step cycle tensile tests has dramatic effects on the stress‐strain curves. This can be understood from the evolution of the morphology and of the microstructure of the crystalline blocks revealed by X‐ray scattering experiments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1428–1437, 2010
Adsorption of block copolymers in nanoporous alumina
Authors: Karagiovanaki Sotiria , Koutsioubas Alexandros , Spiliopoulos Nikolaos , Anastassopoulos Dimitris L. , Vradis Alexandros A. , Toprakcioglu Chris , Siokou Angeliki Elina 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe have studied the adsorption of end‐attaching block copolymer chains inside the cylindrical pores of nanoporous alumina. Highly asymmetric PS‐PEO block copolymers, with a small PEO anchoring block and a long PS dangling block, were allowed to adsorb onto porous alumina substrates with an average pore diameter of ∼200 nm from toluene solution. The adsorption process was monitored using FTIR spectroscopy, whereas depth profile analysis was performed by means of XPS and Ar+ ion sputtering. It is found that the PS‐PEO adsorption kinetics in porous alumina are ∼4 orders of magnitude slower than the corresponding case of a flat alumina substrate. It appears that chains adsorbed near the pore entrance early on tend to form a barrier for chains entering the pore at later times, thereby slowing down the adsorption process significantly. This effect is much more pronounced for large chains whose dimensions are comparable with the pore diameter. The equilibrium adsorbance value is also affected by chain size due to the additional entropic penalty associated with chain confinement, the adsorbance falling substantially when the chain dimensions become comparable with the pore diameter. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1676–1682, 2010
Structure and dynamics of polymer chains in hydrophilic nanocomposites
Authors: Fotiadou S. , Chrissopoulou K. , Frick B. , Anastasiadis S. H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPoly(hexa(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)/sodium montmorillonite, (PHEGMA/Na+‐MMT) nanocomposites with varying composition were synthesized utilizing melt intercalation and solution mixing. Intercalated hybrids were obtained but, for the solution prepared hybrids, the equilibrium structure could only be reached following thermal annealing. At equilibrium, all nanocomposites showed the same interlayer distance independent of the hybrid composition. For low polymer content nanocomposites, where all polymer chains reside within the inorganic galleries, the glass transition temperature of PHEGMA was completely suppressed. Quasielastic neutron scattering was utilized to investigate the effect of severe confinement on the dynamics of the intercalated polymer chains. Both elastic and quasielastic measurements were performed and showed that the confined system exhibits a much weaker temperature and wavevector dependence of the elastic intensity and of the respective relaxation times. The segmental mean square displacement in confinement begins to increase at temperatures well below the bulk polymer glass transition, indicating enhanced mobility compared with the pure polymer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1658–1667, 2010