bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of child and adolescent mental disorders in Chile: a community epidemiological study
Authors: Vicente Benjamín , Saldivia Sandra , de la Barra Flora , Kohn Robert , Pihan Ronaldo , Valdivia Mario , Rioseco Pedro , Melipillan Roberto 
Published: May 2012

Background:  In Latin America, there is limited research on the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. This Chilean survey is the first national representative survey in the Latin American region to examine the prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual‐IV (DSM‐IV) psychiatric disorders in the region in children and adolescents.Methods:  Subjects aged 4–18 were selected using a stratified multistage design. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children version IV (DISC‐IV) was used to obtain 12‐month DSM‐IV diagnoses of affective, anxiety, conduct and substance use disorders, and supplemented with questionnaires examining family risk factors, family income, and service utilization. The parent or the primary caretaker was interviewed for children, aged 4–11, using the DISC‐IV; however, adolescents, aged 12–18, were directly interviewed.Results:  A sample of 1558 children and adolescents was evaluated. Using the most stringent DISC‐IV impairment algorithm, the prevalence rate for any psychiatric disorders was 22.5% (19.3% for boys and 25.8% for girls). The prevalence rate was higher among the children, aged 4–11, in comparison with adolescents, aged 12–18 (27.8% and 16.5%, respectively). Less than half of the subjects in need of services sought some form of assistance. Nearly a quarter of those using services did not present with a psychiatric diagnosis in the past year. Comorbidity was found in 24.8% of those with a disorder, but only 6.3% had three or more diagnoses.Conclusions:  The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Chile is high among children and adolescents. This study highlights the increasing need to reevaluate mental health services provided to children and adolescents in Latin America.
New insights into the pathology of white matter tracts in cerebral palsy from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review
Authors: SCHECK SIMON M , BOYD ROSLYN N , ROSE STEPHEN E 
Published: May 2012

Aim  Structural connectivity analysis using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and tractography has become the method of choice for studying white matter pathology and reorganization in children with congenital hemiplegia. To evaluate its role in the research domain, we systematically reviewed the literature about children with cerebral palsy (CP) to document common findings and identify strengths and possible limitations of this neuroimaging technology.Method  A literature search was performed for peer‐reviewed studies pertaining to dMRI and CP.Results  Twenty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria. The corticospinal tract was studied in greatest detail (18/22). The most common finding was decreased fractional anisotropy and/or increased mean diffusivity, indicating significant loss in the integrity of these corticomotor pathways. Fewer studies assessed ascending sensorimotor pathways including the posterior and superior thalamic radiations, which also showed decreased fractional anisotropy. Anisotropy indices (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity) obtained for both corticomotor and sensorimotor tracts were repeatedly shown to correlate with clinical measures. Other tracts studied included commissural and association fibres, which showed conflicting results.Interpretation  There is sound evidence that dMRI‐based connectivity techniques are useful for improving our understanding of the structure–function relationships of corticomotor and sensorimotor neural networks in CP.
Teaching financial literacy: a survey of community‐based educators
Authors: Taylor Edward W. , Tisdell Elizabeth J. , Forté Karin Sprow 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA nationwide online survey of financial educators in adult community‐based financial education programmes in the US was conducted to examine teaching beliefs, related curriculum and teaching strategies used to reach underserved populations. A transformative learning theoretical framework was used to discover how financial education engages learners in relation to their own lives. Survey findings indicate in community‐based settings financial educators are largely White, female, college educated and with multiple years of experience; believe their role is to provide expert information to help learners make informed financial choices; and often adapt published materials to reflect the life circumstances of learners. Learners are more racially diverse than educators, most having attended high school, who identify their own financial need to attend the programmes. Programmes do not often target specific groups, are frequently free and can take place in a variety of face‐to‐face settings. Implications indicate best practices for financial educators require inclusive, culturally responsive pedagogies.
The mystique of macro‐boycotting behaviour: a conceptual framework
Authors: Aish Ehab Abou , McKechnie Sally , Abosag Ibrahim , Hassan Salah 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn spite of the aim of the World Trade Organization and other international organizations to foster international trade and development by lessening protectionism agendas worldwide, there has been a rise in consumer‐boycotting behaviour at a macro level involving campaigns directed against foreign products from countries embroiled in conflicts in international relations, rather than against products from individual companies perceived to have engaged in a domestic egregious act. While campaigning at this level is becoming a more effective tool for consumer protest, as it negatively affects both the boycotted countries' macroeconomics and companies' micro‐competitiveness, consumer motivation to participate in macro‐level boycotts has so far been overlooked in the boycotting literature. This paper examines consumers' behavioural intentions to participate in macro‐boycotting campaigns within the context of an Arab country, which has recently witnessed a number of campaigns of this nature. Using the theory of planned behaviour, the findings of an exploratory qualitative study of Egyptian consumers offer insights into the motives and barriers to individual macro‐boycott participation. Findings are discussed together with managerial implications.
Consumers' perceptions of individual and combined sustainable food labels: a UK pilot investigation
Authors: Sirieix Lucie , Delanchy Marion , Remaud Hervé , Zepeda Lydia , Gurviez Patricia 
Published: May 2012

AbstractConsumers are faced with an increasing number of sustainable food labels. These different labels may be complementary or add to the increasing competition of product information in consumers' minds. We investigate: (1) the perceptions that consumers in the UK have about sustainable labels vs. other labels, such as origin or nutrition labels; and (2) consumers' reactions to combinations of different sustainable labels. Overall, the findings from two focus groups conducted in the UK indicate that consumers have positive perceptions of organic and fair trade labels but tend to be sceptical about unfamiliar labels and general claims such as ‘climate friendly’. The results also indicate the importance of familiarity, trust and fit between combinations of labels as well as between associating a label with a brand. While the combination of certain labels can enhance the value of a food product, this study also indicates that other label combinations (e.g. private and sustainable label) can detract from a label's value. Implications and recommendations are suggested for managers to counter the image of greenwashing, and for policy makers to facilitate sustainable food choices.
Strong preferences of dopamine and l‐dopa towards lipid head group: importance of lipid composition and implication for neurotransmitter metabolism
Authors: Orłowski Adam , Grzybek Michał , Bunker Alex , Pasenkiewicz‐Gierula Marta , Vattulainen Ilpo , Männistö Pekka T. , Róg Tomasz 
Published: May 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 681–690.AbstractThe interactions of the neurotransmitter dopamine, and its precursor l‐dopa, with membrane lipids were investigated through a set of molecular dynamic simulations with all atom resolution. The results obtained indicate that both dopamine and l‐dopa have a pronounced association with the lipid head groups, predominantly mediated through H‐bonds. As a result the molecules are anchored to the interfacial region of the membrane. The strength of this interaction is dependent on lipid composition – the presence of phosphatidylserine leads to an increase in the strength of this interaction, resulting in an H‐bond network with a lifetime much longer than the timescale of our simulations. Also, bilayers that include sphingomieline and cholesterol interact strongly with dopamine and l‐dopa. We postulate that the high membrane association that we have observed for both dopamine and l‐dopa could have the following effects: 1) when on the plasma membrane exterior, favour the availability of these compounds for cell membrane uptake processes and, 2) when on an internal membrane surface, accentuate the importance of membrane‐bound metabolizing enzymes over their soluble counterparts.
Soil nitrate distribution, N2O emission and crop performance after the application of N fertilizers to greenhouse vegetables
Authors: LOU Y. , XU M. , HE X. , DUAN Y. , LI L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe impacts of nitrogen (N) application rates on soil nitrate, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, soil N2O emission, tomato yield and fruit quality were investigated in a 20‐yr vegetable field experiment under greenhouse cultivation in Northeast China. The treatments included no N control (N0), the recommended N rate (N1; mean annual 300 kg/ha) and the commonly used N rate by farmers (N2; mean annual 600 kg/ha). Soil nitrate content and EC increased significantly to 120 cm depth with increasing rates of applied N. An opposite trend was found for soil pH within the upper 20 cm. Cumulative N2O emission and maximum N2O emission rates both increased significantly with increasing N rates. Tomato yield increased significantly from the N0 to N1 rate, but remained constant from the N1 to N2 one. Nitrate concentration in tomatoes also increased significantly with N rates. A contrasting trend was found for soluble sugar and organic acid concentrations. The results indicate that the commonly used N2 rate is excessive and causes adverse effects on tomato quality and on the environment. The recommended N1 rate is optimal for sustainable greenhouse vegetable production. In greenhouses, daily soil N2O emission rates are strongly influenced by N application and fluctuate with irrigation frequency and the incidence of wetting/drying cycles.
The effects of compost in a rice–wheat cropping system on aggregate size, carbon and nitrogen content of the size–density fraction and chemical composition of soil organic matter, as shown by 13C CP NMR spectroscopy
Authors: WANG QIUJUN , HUANG QIWEI , ZHANG LI , ZHANG JIANCHAO , SHEN QIRONG , RAN WEI 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe investigated whether the long‐term application of compost from agricultural waste improved soil physical structure, fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) storage. In 2006, we began a long‐term field experiment based on a rice–wheat rotation cropping system, having a control without fertilizer (NF) and three treatments: chemical fertilizers (CF), pig manure compost (PMC) and a prilled mixture of PMC and inorganic fertilizers (OICF). Following the harvest of wheat in 2010, the mean‐weight diameter (MWD) of water‐stable aggregates and the concentration of C and N in bulk soil (0–20 cm; <2 mm fraction) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in PMC and NF plots than in CF or OICF plots. Pig manure compost significantly increased the proportion of >5‐mm aggregates, whereas CF significantly increased the proportion of 0.45‐ to 1‐mm aggregates. The C and N contents of all density fractions were greater in PMC than in other treatments with levels decreasing in the following order: free particulate organic matter (fPOM) >occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) > mineral‐combined SOM (mineral–SOM). Solid‐state 13C CPMAS NMR spectra showed that alkyl C/O‐alkyl C ratios and aromatic component levels of SOM were smaller in PMC and OICF plots than in CF plots, suggesting that SOM in PMC and OICF plots was less degraded than that in CF plots. Nevertheless, yields of wheat in PMC and NF plots were smaller than those in CF and OICF plots, indicating that conditions for producing large grain yields did not maintain soil fertility.
Multiperiod multiattribute decision‐making method based on trend incentive coefficient
Authors: Dong Qingxing , Guo Yajun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a method for multiperiod multiattribute decision‐making (MP‐MADM) problems, in which the decision information, including attribute weights and attribute values, is given at different periods. First, using the variation in attribute values of the various alternatives for unit time, we can obtain the trend incentive coefficient of variation that represents reward or punishment for the development tendency of alternatives. This paper proposes a method based on maximum entropy ordered weighted averaging (MEOWA) to determine the trend incentive coefficient. Second, considering the differences development tendency of the alternatives, we propose an approach that integrates the trend incentive coefficient and the original decision information to solve the MP‐MADM problems. Finally, two MP‐MADM cases are used to illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method. Comparisons with previous research are also discussed.
The antinociceptive triterpene β‐amyrin inhibits 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) hydrolysis without directly targeting cannabinoid receptors
Authors: Chicca A , Marazzi J , Gertsch J 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pharmacological activation of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors is a therapeutic strategy to treat chronic and inflammatory pain. It was recently reported that a mixture of natural triterpenes α‐ and β‐amyrin bound selectively to CB1 receptors with a subnanomolar Ki value (133 pM). Orally administered α/β‐amyrin inhibited inflammatory and persistent neuropathic pain in mice through both CB1 and CB2 receptors. Here, we investigated effects of amyrins on the major components of the endocannabinoid system.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We measured CB receptor binding interactions of α‐ and β‐amyrin in validated binding assays using hCB1 and hCB2 transfected CHO‐K1 cells. Effects on endocannabinoid transport in U937 cells and breakdown using homogenates of BV2 cells and pig brain, as well as purified enzymes, were also studied.KEY RESULTS There was no binding of either α‐ or β‐amyrin to hCB receptors in our assays (Ki > 10 µM). The triterpene β‐amyrin potently inhibited 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (2‐AG) hydrolysis in pig brain homogenates, but not that of anandamide. Although β‐amyrin only weakly inhibited purified human monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), it also inhibited α,β‐hydrolases and more potently inhibited 2‐AG breakdown than α‐amyrin and the MAGL inhibitor pristimerin in BV2 cell and pig brain homogenates.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We propose that β‐amyrin exerts its analgesic and anti‐inflammatory pharmacological effects via indirect cannabimimetic mechanisms by inhibiting the degradation of the endocannabinoid 2‐AG without interacting directly with CB receptors. Triterpenoids appear to offer a very broad and largely unexplored scaffold for inhibitors of the enzymic degradation of 2‐AG.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.167.issue‐8
Resource Use in Growing China
Authors: Wang Heming , Hashimoto Seiji , Moriguchi Yuichi , Yue Qiang , Lu Zhongwu 
Published: May 2012

SummaryNatural resources provide the basis for our life on Earth. This article presents the accounts of China's direct material input (DMI) during 1998–2008. Using decomposition, we examine factors that have influenced changes in recent resource use in China. China's resource demand in 2011–2015 is projected, based on China's 12th Five‐Year Plan. Finally, effective policies to restrain China's resource demand are discussed with the following conclusions: (1) During 1998–2008, China's DMI doubled, from 11 gigatons (Gt) to 22 Gt. Metallic minerals had the strongest growth, quadrupling; nonmetallic minerals and fossil fuels more than doubled, but biomass remained stable. In relative terms, nonmetallic minerals dominated, with more than 60% of total DMI. (2) Factors of affluence (A) and material use intensity (T), respectively, contributed most to the increase and decrease of DMI, but the overall decrease effect is much smaller. Factors of population (P) and recycling (R) only slightly affected changes in China's DMI. (3) During 2008–2015, China's DMI is expected to increase by 27% to 38%, from 22 Gt to 28 to 31 Gt. The average annual rate of increase of DMI would drop to 3% to 5%, from 7% during 1998–2008. (4) Designing new products and infrastructure that use less energy and materials and changing consumption patterns to be more sustainable are crucial to the future resource strategy of China. More policies are expected to improve China's material use intensity and recycling levels.
Long‐term adjuvant therapy for the prevention of postoperative endometrioma recurrence: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: VERCELLINI PAOLO , DE MATTEIS SARA , SOMIGLIANA EDGARDO , BUGGIO LAURA , FRATTARUOLO MARIA PINA , FEDELE LUIGI 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOvulation seems crucial in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriomas. Therefore, suppression of ovulation should be protective against cyst relapse after excision. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effect of long‐term postoperative medical treatment on the risk of endometrioma recurrence. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify all the comparative studies published in the last 12 years in the English language literature on the relation between long‐term postoperative adjuvant therapy and risk of endometrioma recurrence. Of the 12 articles assessed in detail, four were finally selected based on surgery for endometriotic cysts, postoperative medical treatment use for ≥12 months vs. expectant management, and ultrasonographic and/or histological diagnosis of endometrioma recurrence. A total of 965 women were enrolled, 726 of whom were in three cohort studies and 239 in one randomized controlled trial. Oral contraceptives (OCs) were always used as postoperative adjuvant treatment. The absolute effect of postoperative OC use was assessed by comparing “always” and “never” users. A recurrent endometrioma was identified in 33 of 423 (8%) “always” OC users and in 117 of 341 (34%) women who underwent expectant management (pooled odds ratio 0.12; 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.29). To define the effect of duration of use, “always” users were compared with “ever” users, and “ever” with “never” users, with a pooled odds ratio of, respectively, 0.21 (95% confidence interval 0.11–0.40) and 0.39 (95% confidence interval 0.23–0.66). Postoperative OC use dramatically decreased the risk of ovarian endometrioma recurrence, especially in women who used OCs regularly and for prolonged periods.
New developments in the treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: ERIKSEN ERIK FINK , HALSE JOHAN , MOEN METTE HAASE 
Published: May 2012

Abstract The last 25 years have seen the development of a plethora of new, effective agents for the treatment of osteoporosis. These agents reduce the risk of spine fractures by up to 70%, hip fractures by 40–50% and non‐vertebral fractures by up to 50–80%. Amino‐bisphosphonates, taken orally or intravenously, remain the dominant treatment modalities for osteoporosis. These so‐called anti‐resorptive or anti‐catabolic agents stabilize the skeleton and reduce fracture risk in osteoporotic as well as osteopenic individuals. A monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, Denosumab, constitutes a new anti‐resorptive agent recently approved worldwide. In younger postmenopausal women, low‐dose estrogen or estrogen/progestin still has a place for short‐term (up to 5 years) preservation of bone mass, especially in women with menopausal symptoms. Likewise, selective estrogen receptor modulators should be considered in younger postmenopausal women, especially those at increased risk of breast cancer. Anabolic (bone forming) regimens, of which parathyroid hormone is the only agent currently available, aid in the build up of new bone, increase bone mass and improve bone architecture. In cancellous bone, 30–60% increases of bone mass have been documented, but cortical bone thickness also increases. These improvements lead to profound reduction in fracture rates in both the axial and appendicular skeleton. Owing to cost and the need for parenteral administration, in most countries these agents are reserved for severe osteoporosis with multiple fractures.
How invader traits interact with resident communities and resource availability to determine invasion success
Authors: Mata T. M. , Haddad N. M. , Holyoak M. 
Published: May 2012

Competition for limited resources is considered a key factor controlling invasion success. Resource availability can be viewed in either the long or short‐term. Long‐term availability depends on the baseline nutrient availability in the ecosystem and how those conditions shape the ecological community. Short‐term resource availability fluctuates with disturbances that alter nutrient availability and/or the density and composition of the ecological community.We investigated how species’ traits interact with short and long‐term resource availability to determine the outcome of invasions. We manipulated long‐term baseline resource availability, disturbance intensity, disturbance frequency, and propagule pressure in a fully factorial design using protist microcosms. Our results show that short and long‐term resource availability and the direct mortality from disturbance interact with the traits of resident community members and traits of invaders to determine community invasibility. While competitively dominant invaders with slow growth rates may suffer rather than benefit from short‐term resource fluctuations, quickly growing but competitively inferior invaders can benefit from both the resource fluctuations and the heterogeneity in community composition created by disturbance. Our findings empirically synthesize two explanations for invasion success, namely short‐term resource fluctuations and long‐term resource availability, and highlight the importance of considering traits of invaders and residents, such as growth rate and competitive ability, in the context of productivity and disturbance gradients. This species’ traits approach could resolve idiosyncratic results from natural systems undergoing disturbance and invasion that do not follow patterns predicted by traditional invasion frameworks.