bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Isokinetic Training Versus Isotonic Training: Effects on Asymmetry in Strength of Thigh Muscles
Authors: Golik-Peric Dragana , Drapsin Miodrag , Obradovic Borislav , Drid Patrik 
Published: December 2011

Short-Term Isokinetic Training Versus Isotonic Training: Effects on Asymmetry in Strength of Thigh Muscles
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two training protocols on the isokinetic performance of athletes. The study was conducted in 38 athletes, (age 23.3 ± 3.6 years) participating in national level leagues of different sports, whose initial concentric hamstrings-to-quadriceps (conH/Q) torque ratio was lower than 0.5. During seasonal testing, an isokinetic measurement of knee extensors and flexors was performed at 60º/s. The athletes were divided into two groups. Nineteen athletes performed the isokinetic training protocol (IT) while the second group of 19 athletes followed the isotonic training protocol (RT). Both protocols lasted 4 weeks. After completing the training protocols, both groups underwent a final isokinetic testing. The isokinetic data revealed significant increases after training in measures of peak torque in both extensor and flexor muscle groups, in both the IT and RT study groups (p < 0.05). There were significant increases (p< 0.05) in conH/Q ratio in both groups after the implemented protocols, but greater in IT group. Consequently, applied IT protocol induced changes in working muscles, thereby restoring detected asymmetry to an acceptable balance more efficiently compared to RT protocol.
Serum Concentrations of S100B are not Affected by Cycling to Exhaustion With or Without Vibration
Authors: Schulte Stefanie , Schiffer Thorsten , Sperlich Billy , Kleinöder Heinz , Holmberg Hans 
Published: December 2011

Serum Concentrations of S100B are not Affected by Cycling to Exhaustion With or Without Vibration
The calcium-binding protein S100B is produced primarily by astrocytes and exerts concentration-dependent paracrine and autocrine effects on neurons and glia. The numerous findings of a correlation between S100B and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have resulted in the employment of this protein as a clinical biomarker for such injury. Our present aim was to determine whether cycling with (V) or without (NV) vibration alters serum concentrations of S100B. Twelve healthy, male non-smokers (age: 25.3±1.6 yrs, body mass: 74.2±5.9 kg, body height: 181.0±3.7 cm, VO2peak: 56.9±5.1 ml·min-1·kg-1 (means ± SD)) completed in random order two separate trials to exhaustion on a vibrating bicycle (amplitude 4 mm and frequency 20 Hz) connected to an ergometer. The initial workload of 100 W was elevated by 50 W every 5 min and the mean maximal period of exercise was 25:27±1:30 min. The S100B in venous blood taken at rest, immediately after the test, and 30, 60 and 240 min post-exercise exhibited no significant differences (p>0.05), suggesting that cycling with and without vibration does not influence this parameter.
Spectator Motives and Points of Attachment: an Investigation on Professional Basketball
Authors: Gencer R. , Kiremitci Olcay , Boyacioglu Hayal 
Published: December 2011

Spectator Motives and Points of Attachment: an Investigation on Professional Basketball
Spectator attendance to professional basketball in Turkey is significantly less than desired. Keeping in mind how important spectators are for team sports, understanding factors that affect game attendance will offer essential clues in terms of increasing spectator attendance. The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between basketball spectators' motives and points of attachment. With consideration to this purpose, the present study has tested the validity and reliability of the Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption and the Points of Attachment Index for Turkish basketball spectators. 197 basketball spectators participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis results demonstrated that the original models of the measurement tools employed for the study showed an acceptable degree of fit with the data. The internal consistency coefficients of the scales were found to be between 0.59 and 0.80 for the Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption and between 0.53 and 0.88 for the Points of Attachment Index. The canonical correlation analysis only returned a single significant function. The motives aesthetics and escape stood out in terms of the significant function, while the sport type (basketball in this study) stood out in the sense of attachment. Relationships identified between basketball spectators' motives and points of attachment could help sports managers and marketing experts to develop strategies focusing on increasing spectator attendance to their teams' games.
Offshore Business Process Outsourcing
Authors: Retová Janette , Pólya Attila 
Published: December 2011

Offshore Business Process Outsourcing
This paper focuses on the relatively new growing industry of offshore business process outsourcing, which has provided developing countries with literate language and information technology skilled workforce with an excellent global business opportunity. The main advantages to business process outsourcing, cost versus quality and other reasons for choosing offshore outsourcer and the challenge of high industry attrition rates are briefly analysed here.
Estimation of the Amplitude Square Using the Interpolated Discrete Fourier Transform
Authors: Lušin Tomaž , Agrež Dušan 
Published: December 2011

Estimation of the Amplitude Square Using the Interpolated Discrete Fourier Transform
To improve the estimation of active power, the possibility of estimating the amplitude square of a signal component using the interpolation of the squared amplitude discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients is presented. As with an energy-based approach, the amplitude square can be estimated with the squared amplitude DFT coefficients around the component peak and a suitable interpolation algorithm. The use of the Hann window, for which the frequency spectrum is well known, and the three largest local amplitude DFT coefficients gives lower systematic errors in squared interpolated approach or in better interpolated squared approach than the energy-based approach, although the frequency has to be estimated in the first step. All investigated algorithms have almost the same noise propagation and the standard deviations are about two times larger than the Cramér-Rao lower bound.
Microsatellite markers for the Chinese endangered and endemic orchid Cymbidium tortisepalum (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Tang Min , Zeng Chun‐Xia , Bi Yu‐Fen , Yang Jun‐Bo 
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed in the Chinese endangered and endemic orchid, Cymbidium tortisepalum, to investigate its genetic diversity and population genetic structure, and to identify its varieties.• Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol, 15 primer sets were identified in two wild populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to six, with a mean of 3.5. The observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.250 to 0.917 and from 0.228 to 0.841, respectively. All of these primers successfully amplified in the congener C. goeringii, and 12 were found useful in C. faberi and C. sinense.• Conclusions: These markers will facilitate further studies on the population genetics and molecular identification of C. tortisepalum, its varieties, and other congener species.
Fast photo‐switched wettability and color of surfaces coated with polymer brushes containing spiropyran
Authors: Wang Dan , Jiao Pengwei , Wang Jianming , Zhang Qiaolan , Feng Lin , Yang Zhenzhong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn intelligent photo‐responsive spiropyran (SP)‐contained surface that combines reversible wettability conversion with photochromic behavior was prepared on etched silicon substrates by atom transfer radical polymerization. The heterocyclic ring cleavage of SP moieties under UV irradiation leads to the change of the surface wettability and color. Water contact angle (CA) of the prepared surfaces change from 138.8° ± 1.3° to 42.7° ± 1.7° after 5 min under 365 nm UV irradiation and recover to its original state after 20 min of visible light irradiation, accompanied by the color change between yellowish and purple. To our knowledge, this result is the highest and fastest CA variation reported for surfaces containing SPs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Radiative properties of spectral selective coatings pigmented with TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Gonome Hiroki , Baneshi Mehdi , Komiya Atsuki , Maruyama Shigenao 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study is concerned with nanoparticle‐pigmented coatings used to control the radiative properties of surfaces exposed to sunlight. The desired coatings increase the near infrared reflectance while decreasing the reflectance of visible light. Both experimental and numerical approaches were followed in achieving the desired spectral behavior. In this study the pigmented coatings were made using TiO2 as dispersed particles, clear acryl synthetic as the matrix, and standard black paper as the substrate. The spectral reflectance was measured by spectroscopy in the visible and near‐infrared regions. The effects of the size distribution and volume fraction of pigment particles and the coating thickness on the spectral reflectance of pigmented coatings are examined in this study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20392
Tuning and amplification strategies for intravascular imaging coils
Authors: Yak Nicolas , Anderson Kevan J.T. , Wright Graham A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe manufacturing of intravascular imaging coils poses several challenges. Due to their size, it can be difficult to incorporate local matching networks and signal amplifiers. The goal of this study is to investigate tuning and amplification strategies for intravascular coils and to assess the signal‐to‐noise benefits of incorporating a matching network and/or miniature amplifier into catheter‐based intravascular imaging devices at various locations in the signal chain. The results suggest that the use of a low‐noise amplifier close to the receiving coil enables the use of miniature coaxial cables to be used despite being noisy. Moreover, an improvement in the signal‐to‐noise ratio of over 75% is presented over conventional intravascular coil configurations where the matching circuit and low‐noise amplifier are placed at the proximal end. Therefore, designing devices for intravascular applications capable of generating high signal‐to‐noise ratio images becomes more feasible, also allowing for significant reductions in scan time. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ocular Distribution, Spectrum of Activity, and
In Vivo
Viral Neutralization of a Fully Humanized Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus IgG Fab Fragment following Topical Application
Authors: Berdugo Marianne , Larsen Inna V. , Abadie Claire , Deloche Catherine , Kowalczuk Laura , Touchard Elodie , Dubielzig Richard , Brandt Curtis R. , Behar-Cohen Francine , Combette Jean-Marc 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Herpes simplex ocular infection is a major cause of corneal blindness. Local antiviral treatments exist but are associated with corneal toxicity, and resistance has become an issue. We evaluated the biodistribution and efficacy of a humanized anti-herpes simplex virus (anti-HSV) IgG FAb fragment (AC-8; 53 kDa) following repeated topical administration. AC-8 was found in the corneal epithelium, anterior stroma, subepithelial stromal cells, and retinal glial cells, with preferential entry through the ocular limbus. AC-8 was active against 13 different strains of HSV-1, with 50% and 90% mean effective concentrations (MEC
50
and MEC
90
, respectively) ranging from 0.03 to 0.13 μg/ml, indicating broad-spectrum activity. The
in vivo
efficacy of AC-8 was evaluated in a mouse model of herpes-induced ocular disease. Treatment with low-dose AC-8 (1 mg/ml) slightly reduced the ocular disease scores. A greater reduction of the disease scores was observed in the 10-mg/ml AC-8-treated group, but not as much as with trifluridine (TFT). AC-8 treatment reduced viral titers but less than trifluridine. AC-8 did not display any toxicity to the cornea or other structures in the eye. In summary, topical instillation of an anti-HSV FAb can be used on both intact and ulcerated corneas. It is well tolerated and does not alter reepithelialization. Further studies to improve the antiviral effect are needed for AC-8 to be considered for therapeutic use.
Observational Estimates of the Horizontal Eddy Diffusivity and Mixing Length in the Low-Level Region of Intense Hurricanes
Authors: Zhang Jun A. , Montgomery Michael T. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This study examines further the characteristics of turbulent flow in the low-level region of intense hurricanes using in situ aircraft observations. The data analyzed here are the flight-level data collected by research aircraft that penetrated the eyewalls of category-5 Hurricane Hugo (1989), category-4 Hurricane Allen (1980), and category-5 Hurricane David (1979) between 1 km and the sea surface. Estimates of horizontal eddy momentum flux, horizontal eddy diffusivity, and horizontal mixing length are obtained. It is found that the horizontal momentum flux and horizontal diffusivity increase with increasing wind speed. The horizontal mixing length increases slightly with wind speed also, but the mixing length is not significantly dependent on the wind speed. The magnitude of the horizontal momentum flux is found to be comparable to that of the vertical momentum flux, indicating that horizontal mixing by turbulence becomes nonnegligible in the hurricane boundary layer, especially in the eyewall region.
Within the context of simple K theory, the results suggest that the average horizontal eddy diffusivity and mixing length are approximately 1500 m2 s−1 and 750 m, respectively, at about 500 m in the eyewall region corresponding to the mean wind speed of approximately 52 m s−1. It is recalled also that the mixing length is a virtual scale in numerical models and is quantitatively smaller than the energy-containing scale of turbulent eddies. The distinction between these two scales is a useful reminder for the modeling community on the representation of small-scale turbulence in hurricanes.
Assay of lercanidipine hydrochloride in dosage forms using nucleophilic substitution reaction
Authors: Sastry Thuttagunta , Ramakrishna Karipeddi 
Published: December 2011

Assay of lercanidipine hydrochloride in dosage forms using nucleophilic substitution reactionA simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the assay of lercanidipine hydrochloride (LER) in bulk and in formulations. The method is based on the formation of coloured species between the drug and 1,2-naphthaquinone-4-sulphonic acid sodium salt (NQS) by means of nucleophilic substitution reaction. Absorbance was measured at λmax= 460 nm. The method was analyzed statistically. The system obeyed the Beer's law in the range 20-100 μg mL-1. Molar absorptivity value was found to be 4.79 × 103L mol-1cm-1. Limits of detection and quantification were found to be as low as 0.04 and 0.13 μg mL-1. Precision (RSD, 0.4 %) and accuracy (recovery 99.2 ± 0.6 to 101.1 ± 0.8 %) of the developed method were evaluated.
Synthesis, in vitro anticancer screening and radiosensitizing evaluation of some new 4-[3-(substituted)thioureido]-N-(quinoxalin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide derivatives
Authors: Ghorab Mostafa , Ragab Fatma , Heiba Helmy , El-Gazzar Marwa , El-Gazzar Mostafa 
Published: December 2011

Synthesis, in vitro anticancer screening and radiosensitizing evaluation of some new 4-[3-(substituted)thioureido]-N-(quinoxalin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide derivatives
Sulfonamides and quinoxaline derivatives possess many types of biological activities and have been recently reported to show substantial antitumor activity. This paper reports the synthesis of novel thioureido sulfaquinoxaline derivatives. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against a human liver cell line (HEPG2) and showed higher activity than the reference drug doxorubicin. 4-(3-(4-Ethylbenzoate) thioureido)-N-(quinoxalin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (9) (IC50 = 15.6 μmol L-1), N-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(3-(4-(N-quinoxalin-2-yl-sulfamoyl)phenyl)thioureido)benzenesulfonamide (10) (IC50 = 26.8 μmol L-1) and N-(quinoxalin-2-yl)-4-(3-(4-(N-thiazol-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl)thioureido)benzenesulfonamide (11) (IC50 = 24.4 μmol L-1) were the most potent compared to doxorubicin (IC50 = 71.8 μmol L-1). The most potent compounds 9, 10 and 11 were evaluated as radiosensitizing agents by subjecting the compounds to γ-irradiation (8 kGy).
The Kinematics of Trunk and Upper Extremities in One-Handed and Two-Handed Backhand Stroke
Authors: Stępień Adam , Bober Tadeusz , Zawadzki Jerzy 
Published: December 2011

The Kinematics of Trunk and Upper Extremities in One-Handed and Two-Handed Backhand Stroke
The aim of this study was to present kinematics of trunk and upper extremities in tennis players who perform one-handed and two-handed backhand strokes. The study aimed to address the question of whether one of those techniques has some important advantage over the other. If so, what makes it superior?
The study included 10 tennis coaches with average coaching experience of 9 years. The coaches were asked to hit 15 one-handed and two-handed backhands. The tests were carried out in a laboratory. A sponge ball was used in order to protect the measurement equipment. Video motion analysis was carried out using BTS SMART system; images were recorded with 6 cameras with a rate of 120 frames per second. The analysis of both backhand strokes focused on the second phase of the stroke (acceleration).
The use of an eight-element model of human body for description of upper body motion in both techniques revealed kinematic differences in how both backhands are performed. The two-handed backhand was performed in closed kinetic chain with 8 degrees of freedom, whereas the one-handed backhand involved an open kinetic chain with 7 degrees of freedom. Higher rigidity of upper extremities which are connected with trunk in the two-handed backhand, contributes to an elevated trunk effect in this stroke. This is confirmed by higher component velocities for racket handle, which result from trunk rotation in the two-handed backhand and a negative separation angle in the two-handed backhand at the moment of contact of the racket with the ball.
The study does not provide a clear-cut answer to the question of advantages of one technique over the other; however, it reveals dissimilar patterns of driving the racket in both techniques, which suggests the need for extending the analysis of techniques of both backhands with additional kinematics of tennis racket in consideration of measurements of ball velocities.
The Ethical Duality in Sports: Social and Psychological Aspects of Transgender Participation
Authors: Bal Baljinder 
Published: December 2011

The Ethical Duality in Sports: Social and Psychological Aspects of Transgender ParticipationHistorically the notion about the understanding of women has been patriarchal in nature. The postmodern world has an inclination to redefine social mores. The prevailing thought in the 20th and 21st centuries supports the same thesis. The transformation of attitudes appears to be a regular phenomenon in the understanding of the issue at hand, thereby enlivening the motif of unity between the two. Gender, transgender, sexuality, etc., are in a state of transformation, so that to interpret and reinterpret a state of understanding and re-understanding of the issue of participation in sports has multiple significations. Sport in the 21st century constructs inimitable challenges for trans-athletes. A broad spectrum of identities is included under the umbrella of transgender identity. Transsexual or transitioned athletes may pose the greatest challenge to equity in sex-segregated sport competition. The subject under deliberation has a large number of interpretations, all of which center on a need to ‘deconstruct’ the present structuration of acceptance of sex and gender terminology. There is certainly a need to think and contemplate in broader terms about the meanings that assess the well-defined boundaries between disciplines of research. The present thesis highlights a deconstructive stance.
Czech and Polish Table Tennis Players of Jewish Origin in International Competition (1926-1957)
Authors: Pięta Wiesław , Pięta Aleksandra 
Published: December 2011

Czech and Polish Table Tennis Players of Jewish Origin in International Competition (1926-1957)The beginnings of the 18th century marked the birth of Jewish sport. The most famous athletes of those days were boxers, such as I. Bitton, S. Eklias, B. Aaron, D. Mendoga. Popular sports of this minority group included athletics, fencing and swimming. One of the first sport organizations was the gymnastic society Judische Turnverein Bar Kocha (Berlin - 1896).Ping-pong as a new game in Europe developed at the turn of the 20th century. Sport and organizational activities in England were covered by two associations: the Ping Pong Association and the Table Tennis Association; they differed, for example, in the regulations used for the game. In 1902, Czeski Sport (a Czech Sport magazine) and Kurier Warszawski (Warsaw's Courier magazine) published first information about this game. In Czech Republic, Ping-pong became popular as early as the first stage of development of this sport worldwide, in 1900-1907. This was confirmed by the Ping-pong clubs and sport competitions. In Poland, the first Ping-pong sections were established in the period 1925-1930. Czechs made their debut in the world championships in London (1926). Poles played for the first time as late as in the 8th world championships in Paris (1933). Competition for individual titles of Czech champions was started in 1927 (Prague) and in 1933 in Poland (Lviv).In the 1930s, Czechs employed an instructor of Jewish descent from Hungary, Istvan Kelen (world champion in the 1929 mixed games, studied in Prague). He contributed to the medal-winning success of Stanislaw Kolar at the world championships. Jewish players who made history in world table tennis included Trute Kleinowa (Makkabi Brno) - world champion in 1935-1937, who survived imprisonment in the Auschwitz-Birkenau Nazi concentration camp, Alojzy Ehrlich (Hasmonea Lwów), the three-time world vice-champion (1936, 1937, 1939), also survivor of Auschwitz-Birkenau, and Ivan Andreadis (Sparta Praga), nine-time world champion, who was interned during World War II (camp in Kleinstein near Krapkowice).Table tennis was a sport discipline that was successfully played by female and male players of Jewish origins. They made powerful representations of Austria, Hungary, Romania and Czech Republic and provided the foundation of organizationally strong national federations.
DNA‐based assays to distinguish date palm (Arecaceae) gender
Authors: Al‐Mahmoud Maryam E. , Al‐Dous Eman K. , Al‐Azwani Eman K. , Malek Joel A. 
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the oldest cultivated trees and is critical to the development of arid land. The date palm is a dioecious monocot with separate male and female trees. This presents a challenge in development as it is impossible to distinguish trees until they flower approximately five to eight years after planting.• Methods and Results: We have developed PCR‐based assays capable of sex differentiation in multiple date palm cultivars. The primers are designed across gender‐specific polymorphisms and demonstrated greater than 90% accuracy in distinguishing date palm gender across multiple varieties.• Conclusions: These results indicate that the primers should be helpful in rapidly distinguishing date palm gender from the earliest stages that DNA can safely be collected. This is a vast savings in time over present approaches.