bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Glucokinase-MODY Mutants to Inactivation by Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β-Cells
Authors: Cullen Kirsty S. , Matschinsky Franz M. , Agius Loranne , Arden Catherine 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
The posttranslational regulation of glucokinase (GK) differs in hepatocytes and pancreatic β-cells. We tested the hypothesis that GK mutants that cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (GK-MODY) show compromised activity and posttranslational regulation in β-cells.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Activity and protein expression of GK-MODY and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) mutants were studied in β-cell (MIN6) and non–β-cell (H4IIE) models. Binding of GK to phosphofructo-2-kinase, fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK2/FBPase2) was studied by bimolecular fluorescence complementation in cell-based models.

RESULTS
Nine of 11 GK-MODY mutants that have minimal effect on enzyme kinetics in vitro showed decreased specific activity relative to wild type when expressed in β-cells. A subset of these were stable in non–β-cells but showed increased inactivation in conditions of oxidative stress and partial reversal of inactivation by dithiothreitol. Unlike the GK-MODY mutants, four of five GK-PHHI mutants had similar specific activity to wild type and Y214C had higher activity than wild type. The GK-binding protein PFK2/FBPase2 protected wild-type GK from oxidative inactivation and the decreased stability of GK-MODY mutants correlated with decreased interaction with PFK2/FBPase2.

CONCLUSIONS
Several GK-MODY mutants show posttranslational defects in β-cells characterized by increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and/or protein instability. Regulation of GK activity through modulation of thiol status may be a physiological regulatory mechanism for the control of GK activity in β-cells.
Combination of the Framingham Risk Score and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Improves the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yoshida Michiko , Mita Tomoya , Yamamoto Risako , Shimizu Tomoaki , Ikeda Fuki , Ohmura Chie , Kanazawa Akio , Hirose Takahisa , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate whether carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) add value to the Framingham risk score (FRS) in predicting the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in type 2 diabetic patients with a negative history of CVD.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 783) were retrospectively recruited and followed for CVD.

RESULTS
During a 5.4-year follow-up period, 85 incidences of CVD were recorded (10.9%). After adjustment for conventional arterial risk factors, multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model identified IMT, but not baPWV, as a significant determinant of CVD. In addition, the combination of FRS with IMT, but not with baPWV, improved the prediction of CVD.

CONCLUSIONS
Carotid IMT is a significant predictor of CVD in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients, and the combination of FRS and IMT improves the prediction of CVD in these patients.
Serum Uric Acid Levels and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Preserved Kidney Function
Authors: Zoppini Giacomo , Targher Giovanni , Chonchol Michel , Ortalda Vittorio , Abaterusso Cataldo , Pichiri Isabella , Negri Carlo , Bonora Enzo 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
Recent studies have suggested an association between hyperuricemia and adverse renal outcomes in nondiabetic populations. Data on the relationship between hyperuricemia and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetic patients with normal or near-normal kidney function are lacking. We determined whether baseline serum uric acid levels predict the subsequent development of CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We followed 1,449 type 2 diabetic patients with normal kidney function and without overt proteinuria for 5 years for the occurrence of incident CKD (defined as overt proteinuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2).

RESULTS
During a 5-year follow-up period, 194 (13.4%) patients developed incident CKD. The cumulative incidence of CKD was significantly greater in patients with hyperuricemia than in those without hyperuricemia (29.5 vs. 11.4%, P &lt; 0.001). In univariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of hyperuricemia roughly doubled the risk of developing CKD (odds ratio [OR] 2.55 [95% CI 1.71–3.85], P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, insulin therapy, HbA1c, eGFR, and albuminuria, hyperuricemia was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD (adjusted OR 2.10 [1.16–3.76], P &lt; 0.01). In continuous analyses, a 1-SD increment in the serum uric acid level was significantly associated with a 21% increased risk of CKD.

CONCLUSIONS
In type 2 diabetic individuals with preserved kidney function, hyperuricemia seems to be an independent risk factor for the development of incident CKD.
Efficacy of Gait Training With Real-Time Biofeedback in Correcting Knee Hyperextension Patterns in Young Women
Authors: Teran-Yengle Patricia , Birkhofer Rebecca , Weber Megan A. , Patton Kimberly , Thatcher Erin , Yack H. John 
Published: October 2011

Study Design Single cohort study. Objectives To investigate the efficacy of real-time biofeedback provided during treadmill gait training to correct knee hyperextension in asymptomatic females while walking. Background Knee hyperextension is associated with increased stress to the posterior capsule of the knee joint, anterior cruciate ligament, and the anterior compartment of the tibiofemoral joint. Previous methods aimed at correcting knee hyperextension have shown limited success. Methods Ten women, ages 18 to 39 years, with asymptomatic knee hyperextension during ambulation, were provided with 6 sessions of real-time feedback of kinematic data (Visual 3D) during treadmill training. Gait evaluations were performed pretraining, posttraining, and 1 month after the last training session. Results Participants showed improved control of knee hyperextension during overground walking at 1.3 m/s at posttraining and at 1 month posttraining. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that knee sagittal plane kinematics may be influenced by gait retraining using real-time biofeedback. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(12):948–952, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3660
The Effects of Isolated Hip Abductor and External Rotator Muscle Strengthening on Pain, Health Status, and Hip Strength in Females With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khayambashi Khalil , Mohammadkhani Zeynab , Ghaznavi Kourosh , Lyle Mark A. , Powers Christopher M. 
Published: October 2011

Study Design Randomized controlled trial. Objectives To examine the effectiveness of isolated hip abductor and external rotator strengthening on pain, health status, and hip strength in females with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Background Altered hip kinematics resulting from hip muscle weakness has been proposed as a contributing factor in the development of PFP. To date, no study has examined clinical outcomes associated with isolated hip muscle strengthening in those with PFP. Methods Twenty-eight females with PFP were sequentially assigned to an exercise (n = 14) or a no-exercise control group (n = 14). The exercise group completed bilateral hip abductor and external rotator strengthening 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Pain (visual analog scale), health status (WOMAC), and hip strength (handheld dynamometer) were assessed at baseline and postintervention. Pain and health status were also evaluated at 6 months postintervention in the exercise group. Two-factor mixed-model analyses of variance were used to determine the effects of the intervention on each outcome variable. Results Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for each variable of interest. Post hoc testing revealed that pain, health status, and bilateral hip strength improved in the exercise group following the 8-week intervention but did not change in the control group. Improvements in pain and health status were sustained at 6-month follow-up in the exercise group. Conclusion A program of isolated hip abductor and external rotator strengthening was effective in improving pain and health status in females with PFP compared to a no-exercise control group. The incorporation of hip-strengthening exercises should be considered when designing a rehabilitation program for females with PFP. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(1):22–29, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3704
Clinical Examination Procedures to Determine the Effect of Axial Decompression on Low Back Pain Symptoms in People With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Holtzman Gregory , Harris-Hayes Marcie , Hoffman Shannon L. , Zou Dequan , Edgeworth Rebecca A. , Van Dillen Linda R. 
Published: October 2011

Study Design Observational. Objective To assess the effects of spinal decompression procedures performed during a clinical exam on low back pain (LBP) symptoms. Background Not all patients report an immediate or complete improvement in symptoms when the direction of lumbar motion or alignment is corrected according to principles of the movement system impairment (MSI) model. Axial compression of the spine may be responsible for the remaining symptoms. Methods Seventy subjects (mean ± SD age, 41.9 ± 11.5 years; 38 females, 32 males) with chronic LBP were evaluated using a standardized MSI exam. Seven tests assessing the effects of spinal decompression on LBP were added to the exam if the subjects' symptoms were not alleviated with typical standardized corrections of movement and alignment. For each test of decompression, subjects reported their symptoms compared to a reference movement or position. Results When decompression was performed during lateral bending to the right and left, 21 of 21 (100%) and 16 of 20 (80%) subjects, respectively, reported an improvement. When traction was applied to subjects in right and left sidelying, 6 of 11 (55%) and 7 of 9 (78%), respectively, reported an improvement. When patients performed a push-up in sitting, 36 of 51 (71%) reported an improvement. In subjects who had symptoms in unsupported sitting, 41 of 57 (72%) reported an improvement in supported sitting. In subjects who reported symptoms in standing, 33 of 47 (70%) reported an improvement in hook-lying. Conclusion Patients with chronic LBP consistently reported an improvement in symptoms with tests proposed to decrease the axial load on the spine. These tests are a quick and effective way to assess the contribution of axial decompression to LBP symptoms and potentially could be used as part of the plan of care. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(2):105–113, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3724
Risk Factors for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lankhorst Nienke E. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. , van Middelkoop Marienke 
Published: October 2011

Study Design Systematic review. Objectives To systematically outline the risk factors for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Background PFPS is the most commonly diagnosed condition in young individuals with knee complaints. High incidence among athletes suggests a possibility of prevention. The first step toward prevention is identification of possible risk factors. Methods Prospective studies that included 20 or more patients with PFPS and examined at least 1 possible risk factor for PFPS were included. An assessment list was applied to evaluate the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Significant differences were based on calculated mean differences, with matching 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For dichotomous data, odds ratios or relative risks were calculated. Results Of the 3845 potentially relevant articles, 7 were included in this review. These studies examined a total of 135 variables, and pooling was possible for 13 potential risk factors. The pooled data showed that knee extension peak torques were significantly lower in the PFPS group than in controls. Mean differences in torque, with negative differences reflecting lower means in the PFPS group, were as follows: (a) standardized relative to body weight at 60°/s, −0.24 Nm (95% CI: −0.39, −0.09); (b) standardized relative to body weight at 240°/s, −0.11 Nm (95% CI: −0.17, −0.05); (c) standardized relative to body mass index at 60°/s, −0.84 Nm (95% CI: −1.23, −0.44); (d) standardized relative to body mass index at 240°/s, −0.32 Nm (95% CI: −0.52, −0.12); (e) nonstandardized in a concentric mode at 60°/s, −17.54 Nm (95% CI: −25.53, −9.54); (f) nonstandardized in a concentric mode at 240°/s, −7.72 Nm (95% CI: −12.67, −2.77). Conclusion Weaker knee extension strength, expressed by peak torque, appears to be a risk factor for PFPS, based on meta-analyses of pooled results from multiple studies. Because several other risk factors for PFPS were described only in single studies, these additional risk factors, as well as those with conflicting evidence, need to be confirmed in future studies. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 1a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(2):81–94, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3803
Manual Physical Therapy for Injection-Confirmed Nonacute Acromioclavicular Joint Pain
Authors: Harris Kevin D. , Deyle Gail D. , Gill Norman W. , Howes Robert R. 
Published: October 2011

Study Design Prospective single-cohort study. Objectives To determine and document changes in pain and disability in patients with primary, nonacute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) pain treated with a manual therapy approach. Background To our knowledge, there are no published studies on the physical therapy management of nonacute ACJ pain. Manual physical therapy has been successful in the treatment of other shoulder conditions. Methods The chief inclusion criterion was greater than 50% pain relief with an ACJ diagnostic injection. Patients were excluded if they had sustained an ACJ injury within the previous 12 months. Treatment was conducted utilizing a manual physical therapy approach that addressed all associated impairments in the shoulder girdle and cervicothoracic spine. The primary outcome measure was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index. Secondary measures were the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon and global rating of change scales. Outcomes were collected at baseline, 4 weeks, and 6 months. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon scale values were analyzed with a repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results Thirteen patients (11 male; mean ± SD age, 41.1 ± 9.6 years) completed treatment consisting of an average of 6.4 sessions. Compared to baseline, there was a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement for the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index at 4 weeks (P = .001; mean, 25.9 points; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.9, 39.8) and 6 months (P<.001; mean, 29.8 points; 95% CI: 16.5, 43.0), and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon scale at 4 weeks (P<.001; mean, 27.9 points; 95% CI: 14.7, 41.1) and 6 months (P<.001; mean, 32.6 points; 95% CI: 21.2, 43.9). Conclusions Statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements were observed in all outcome measures at 4 weeks and 6 months, following a short series of manual therapy interventions. These results, in a small cohort of patients, suggest the efficacy of this treatment approach but need to be verified by a randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012:42(2):66–80, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3866
Comparative Analysis of the Structural Properties of the Collateral Ligaments of the Human Knee
Authors: Wilson William T. , Deakin Angela H. , Payne Anthony P. , Picard Frederic , Wearing Scott C. 
Published: October 2011

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background Varus knee instability arising from lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injury increases stress on cruciate ligament grafts, potentially leading to failure of reconstructed ligaments. In contrast to the medial collateral ligament (MCL), little is known about the structural properties of the LCL. Objectives To compare the tensile properties of the LCL and MCL complex of the human knee joint. Methods Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric knees (mean ± SD age, 81 ± 11 years), free of gross musculoskeletal pathology, were obtained. Following dissection, the length, width, and thickness of the ligaments were measured using calipers, and bone-ligament-bone preparations were mounted in a uniaxial load frame. After preconditioning, specimens were extended to failure at a rate of 500 mm/min (approximately 20%/s). Force and crosshead displacement were used to calculate structural properties, including stiffness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and failure energy. Results The fan-shaped MCL was significantly longer (60%; P<.001), wider (680%; P<.001), and thinner (19%; P = .009) than the cord-like LCL. The LCL failed at either the fibular attachment (n = 6) or midsubstance (n = 4), while failure of the MCL primarily occurred at the femoral attachment (n = 7). Although the ultimate tensile strength of the MCL (mean ± SD, 799 ± 209 N) was twice that of the LCL (392 ± 104 N; P<.001), there was no significant difference in stiffness of the ligaments (MCL, 63 ± 14 N/mm; LCL, 59 ± 12 N/mm). Conclusions Despite differences in geometry and strength, there was no significant difference in stiffness of the MCL and LCL when tested in vitro.
Norme pédagogique et infirmières bilingues en milieu francophone minoritaire
Authors: Beaulieu Suzie 
Published: October 2011

RésuméLes infirmières œuvrant dans leur langue seconde (L2) font face à divers problèmes langagiers en milieu clinique dont la difficulté à comprendre l'accent des patients et les expressions appartenant au registre familier qu'ils emploient. Ces résultats sont peu surprenants puisque l'enseignement des L2 est souvent implicitement orienté vers l'acquisition de la variété standard de la langue cible. Pour intégrer une plus grande variété linguistique dans l'enseignement des L2, le concept de norme pédagogique, qui en premier lieu vise à refléter le comportement linguistique observable des locuteurs de la langue cible, peut être utilisé. Cette étude propose de déterminer la norme pédagogique à adopter dans la formation langagière en français L2 d’étudiants en sciences infirmières en milieu minoritaire francophone.
Intraosseous lipoma in the ulna and radius of a two-year-old Leonberger
Authors: Nakladal B. , vom Hagen F. , Olias P. , Brunnberg L. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThis report describes a case of intraosseous lipoma in a two-year-old Leonberger. The dog was presented with a history of ten month lameness in the right forelimb. A massive swelling from the elbow to the carpus of the right forelimb was visible. Treatment with anti-inflammatory medications by the local veterinarian for ten months was unsuccessful and the dog was presented at the university clinic. Radiographic images showed that the diaphyseal part of the ulna was affected by extensive cyst-like osteolysis. Furthermore, the distal metaphysis of the radius showed cyst-like osteolytic changes. The soft-tissue mass and parts of the ulna periosteum were surgically resected. Histopathological analysis of the mass in combination with clinical, surgical and radiographic findings was diagnostic for an intraosseous lipoma. The dog had a good long-term outcome as it was free of any signs of recurrence at the follow-up examinations performed after 18 months and after five years. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of intraosseous lipoma in a dog.
In vitro biomechanical comparison of three methods for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in dogs
Authors: McLaughlin R. M. , Elder S. H. , Fisher S. C. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe in vitro biomechanical properties of three methods for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures were evaluated. Fifty cadaveric femora from Beagle dogs were used. Ten intact femora served as controls. In 40 femora, an osteotomy of the femoral neck was performed to simulate a transverse fracture. With the remaining 30 femora, three repair methods (two medium Orthofix pins, a 2.7 mm cortical bone screw placed in lag fashion and an anti-rotational Kirschner wire, or three divergent 1.1 mm Kirschner wires) were used to stabilize the osteotomies, and 10 osteotomies were stabilised per repair method. These 30 femora where then subject to monotonic loading to failure. Construct stiffness and load to failure were measured. In the remaining 10 femora, pressure sensitive film was placed at the osteotomy site prior to stabilization with either two Orthofix pins (n = 5) or a screw placed in lag fashion (n = 5) to determine the compressive pressure (MPa), compressive force (KN) and area of compression (cm2).There was no significant difference in the stiffness or load to failure for the three repair methods evaluated. There was no significant difference in the compressive pressure, compressive force or area of compression in osteotomies stabilized with Orthofix pins and 2.7 mm bone screws.
Linear-circular external skeletal fixation of intra-condylar humeral fractures with supracondylar comminution in four cats
Authors: Clements D. N. , Yeadon R. , Fitzpatrick N. , Silva H. R. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjectives: Intra-condylar humeral fracture with supracondylar comminution in cats is rare, and the stabilisation for such fractures is challenging. The purpose of our study was to describe the use of a hybrid external skeletal fixator, and to report the complications and outcomes of this surgical technique.Methods: A retrospective review was performed of clinical, radiographic and surgical records of all cats with intra-condylar humeral fractures and non-reconstructable supracondylar comminution stabilized by linear-circular external skeletal fixator in two institutions between January 2005 and March 2010.Results: Four cats met the inclusion criteria of the study. All cases achieved fracture union and clinical outcome was considered excellent at the time of the final assessment (11 – 24 weeks).Clinical significance: This study demonstrates that a linear-circular fixator system can be used successfully in the management of intra-con dylar humeral fractures with non-reconstructable supracondylar comminution in cats.