bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution theory for complete bilinear systems of equations
Authors: Johnson Charles R. , Link Joshua A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFor A1,…, Am∈Mp, q(F) and g∈Fm, any system of equations of the form yTAix=gi, i=1,…, m, with y varying over Fp and x over Fq is called bilinear. Given here are some general observations about bilinear systems, a complete solution theory for complete systems (m=pq, A1,…, Am linearly independent) and implications of the complete theory for general (incomplete, m<pq) systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tissue reconstitution model to study cancer cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic factors in mammary tumourigenesis
Authors: Evers Bastiaan , Speksnijder Ewoud N , Schut Eva , Ciampricotti Metamia , Smalley Matthew J , Derksen Patrick WB , Jonkers Jos , de Visser Karin E 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe contribution of cancer cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic factors to metastatic breast cancer is still poorly understood, hampering development of novel therapeutic strategies that decrease breast cancer mortality. Cre/loxP‐based conditional mouse models of breast cancer present unique opportunities to study sporadic tumour formation and progression in a controlled setting. Unfortunately, the generation of mouse strains carrying multiple mutant alleles needed for such studies is very time‐consuming. Moreover, conditional mouse tumour models do not permit independent manipulation of tumour cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic factors. Although the latter can be achieved by cleared fat‐pad transplantation of mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs) from tumour suppressor gene (TSG) knockouts into wild‐type or mutant recipients, this procedure is not possible for mutations that cause embryonic lethality or preclude mammary gland development. Here we show that cleared fat‐pad transplantations with MMECs isolated from K14cre;Cdh1F/F; Trp53F/F mice expressing Cre recombinase under control of the cytokeratin‐14 promoter and carrying conditional null alleles for p53 and E‐cadherin (Cdh1) first resulted in the formation of phenotypically normal mammary glands, followed by the development of invasive metastatic mammary tumours. Tumour formation in the recipients mimicked tumour latency, spectrum, morphology, immunophenotype, and metastatic characteristics of the original mammary tumour model. This transplantation system, which can be expanded to other conditional TSG knockouts, permits independent genetic analysis of stromal factors and testing of additional cancer cell‐intrinsic mutations that would otherwise be embryonic lethal or require intensive breeding. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial testing (stage 1) of mapatumumab (HGS‐ETR1) by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Smith Malcolm A. , Morton Christopher L. , Kolb E. Anders , Gorlick Richard , Keir Stephen T. , Carol Hernan , Lock Richard , Kang Min H. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Maris John M. , Watkins Amy E. , Houghton Peter J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMapatumumab (HGS‐ETR1) is a fully human IgG1 agonistic monoclonal antibody that exclusively targets and activates tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptor 1 (TRAIL‐R1). It was tested in vitro at concentrations from 0.01 to 100 µg/ml and in vivo at a dose of 10 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally using a twice‐weekly schedule. Mapatumumab demonstrated limited activity against the 23 cell lines of the PPTP in vitro panel with no lines achieving 50% growth inhibition. Mapatumumab induced significant differences in event‐free survival distribution compared to controls in 9 of 37 evaluable solid tumor xenografts tested, but in none of the 8 ALL xenografts. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:307–310. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paediatric presentation of familial cerebral cavernoma
Authors: Holme Harriet , Nanduri Vasanta 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report the case of a 13‐year‐old male who presented with headaches and was presumed to have a brain tumour. He was subsequently found to have multiple cerebral cavernomas with haemorrhage and positive family history. We review the literature on familial cavernomas. Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are characterized by abnormally enlarged capillary cavities without intervening brain parenchyma [Verlaan et al. Neurology 2005; 65:1982–1983] that may involve any part of the central nervous system. Focal neurologic deficit and haemorrhage occur in 45% of children, higher than in adults [Stoeter. Neurosurg Rev 2001; 24]. Paediatric patients with symptomatic cavernous malformations should be treated surgically because of the risk of haemorrhage [Lee et al. Child's Nervous Syst 2008; 24:321–327]. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:468–469. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pitfalls in the differential diagnosis of renal tumor in an adolescent
Authors: Valera Elvis Terci , Brassesco María Sol , de Freitas Cortez Maria Angélica Abdalla , Queiroz Rosane Gomes , Castro‐Gamero Angel Mauricio , Barros Marcus Vinicius de Castro , Vicente Yvone Avalloni , Junior Silvio Tucci , Scrideli Carlos Alberto , Tone Luiz Gonzaga 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe differential diagnosis of renal tumors, particularly in adolescents, may be challenging. We describe an 11‐year‐old female with a primary intra‐renal mass. Initial differential diagnoses included primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), and Wilms Tumor (WT). Extensive pathologic and molecular analysis on initial and relapsed tumor samples confirmed WT. The EWS‐WT1 and EWS‐FLI1 rearrangements, distinctive of DSRCT and PNET were negative. The differential diagnosis on monophasic blastemal WT may be complex. Primary renal DSRCT and PNET have been rarely described. Nevertheless, molecular confirmation for these rare conditions may be necessary in selected cases. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:319–321. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adherence to study medication and visits: Data from the BABY HUG trial
Authors: Thornburg Courtney D. , Rogers Zora R. , Jeng Michael R. , Rana Sohail R. , Iyer Rathi V. , Faughnan Lane , Hassen Leann , Marshall Jennifer , McDonald Roy P. , Wang Winfred C. , Huang Xiangke , Rees Renée C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundSubject retention and adherence are essential to maintain the power and validity of the Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG). We designed a study to assess adherence with study medication administration and study visits and to evaluate socioeconomic factors (SES) that may influence these measurements of adherence. These data are important for assessing impact of adherence on BABY HUG trial outcome and defining impact of SES on adherence.MethodsEach subject's median study medication (MedAd) and mean visit adherence (VAd) were evaluated. We examined associations of adherence with SES of participating families.ResultsMedAd data were available on 153 of the 191 subjects who started randomized study medication. MedAd was 101.7% of volume prescribed, with 88.9% of subjects taking at least 80% of doses. VAd data were available on 185 of the 191 subjects who started randomized study medication. VAd was 97.3%, with 82.2% of subjects having no missed visits. During dose titration, subjects had on average 12.9% higher medication adherence than subjects who were on a stable dose and had less frequent study visits. MedAd and VAd were not significantly associated with SES.ConclusionSubjects in the BABY HUG trial have had excellent adherence. SES was not associated with adherence, suggesting that SES should not be used as a criterion for enrolment in clinical trials. Additional efforts are needed to maintain medication adherence, particularly when the interval between scheduled visits increases. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00006400). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:260–264. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silk fibroin/chitosan/heparin scaffold: preparation, antithrombogenicity and culture with hepatocytes
Authors: She Zhending , Liu Weiqiang , Feng Qingling 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAntithrombogenicity is very important for tissue engineering scaffolds used in situations involving contact with blood. A silk fibroin/chitosan (SFCS) scaffold has been developed for liver tissue engineering with porous structure, suitable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Because the interaction between silk fibroin and blood coagulation factors can lead to blood coagulation, the anticoagulant property of the SFCS scaffold should be improved. Heparin was added into SFCS scaffold under mild conditions. The effects of heparin on the morphology, swelling properties, structure, porosity, mechanical properties, antithrombogenicity and cytocompatibility of the SFCS scaffold were studied. SFCS scaffold containing heparin maintains the porous structure and good mechanical properties of the fibroin‐based scaffold; moreover, it is not cytotoxic. Addition of heparin leads to the SFCS scaffold being blood‐compatible and an effective heparin‐delivering system. The anticoagulant property of the SFCS scaffold can be improved by the addition of heparin, which may be helpful for scaffolds used in situations involving contact with blood. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Dihalodiazirines and the photochemical generation of dihalocarbenes: new light on old problems
Authors: Moss Robert A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Graham oxidation of amidines to halodiazirines, coupled with the diazirine exchange reaction, makes available many new diazirine precursors of carbenes. Nitration of the phenoxy moieties of phenoxychloro‐ or phenoxyfluorodiazirine converts them to leaving groups, ultimately permitting the preparations of CCl2, CClF, and CF2. Absolute rate constants and activation parameters are measured for the additions of these carbenes to several alkenes. The comparative contributions of ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ to ΔG‡ are assessed for these reactions, as are the dependences of ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ on the structures and reactivities of the carbenes and alkenes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Method of Choice for Ring Cleavage of 2‐(Dinitroethylene)‐ 4,5‐Imidazolidinedione
Authors: Li Yongxiang , Cao Duanlin , Fude Ren , Zheng Linjuan 
Published: October 2009

Abstract2‐(dinitroethylene)‐4,5‐imidazolidinedione, which is the intermediate in preparing FOX‐7, was synthesized by acetamidine hydrochloride and diethyl oxalate. Ring cleavage reaction could be carried out more quickly, when methanol, water, and formic acid were used as ring cleavage reagents; the disadvantages from using ammonia as ring cleavage reagent could be overcome with yields of up to 65.5%. When water is used as ring cleavage reagent, the reaction rate will be high and the reaction conditions will be milder. So this method is more suitable for further up‐scaling research.
Fifty years of the integrated control concept: the role of landscape ecology in IPM in San Joaquin valley cotton
Authors: Goodell Peter B 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn defining the integrated control concept, Stern, Smith, van den Bosch and Hagan described ‘understanding the ecosystem’ as a key underpinning of the concept. In following years, Stern and van den Bosch continued to refine and expand the role of the ecological landscape. They and their colleagues developed cultural practices that took advantage of this understanding to limit the need of pesticide intervention in cotton in the San Joaquin Valley during the 1960s and 1970s. Research and extension activities in the intervening years built upon those fundamental concepts using geospatial tools and analytical techniques to refine current understanding and develop ecological landscape level approaches to manage Lygus hesperus (Knight) in San Joaquin Valley cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.) and more recently G. barbadense (L.). The result has been a significant drop in insecticide use against L. hesperus, with less than one application per season during the 1990s and early 2000s. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Prescribing home oxygen therapy for chronic respiratory conditions
Authors: Wedzicha Jadwiga 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOxygen therapy can be prescribed for home use for chronic respiratory conditions and can improve survival and quality of life. Here, Professor Wedzicha describes the indications and assessment for the different types of oxygen therapy, as well as the recent changes to the provision of home oxygen in England and Wales. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Recommended drug treatment of osteoarthritis in primary care
Authors: Courtney Philip , Doherty Michael 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNonpharmacological interventions are central to the long‐term management of OA, but control of symptoms will require analgesic therapy. Here, the authors discuss the properties, efficacy and side‐effects of the available drug treatments, followed by an analysis of prescription data and sources of further information. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
One‐pot protection and activation of amino acids using pentafluorophenyl carbonates
Authors: Ramapanicker Ramesh , Baig Nasir Baig Rashid , De Kavita , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractProtection of the amino group and activation of the carboxylic acid groups are the most important steps associated with any peptide synthesis protocol; hence, a one‐pot process to achieve these is highly desirable. A possible strategy is to use pentafluorophenyl carbonates to simultaneously protect the amino group as a carbamate derivative and activate the carboxylic acid group as a pentafluorophenyl ester. A detailed study is carried out to understand the scope and limitations of this method using five different pentaflurophenyl carbonates. The efficiency of these one‐pot reactions depends largely on the nature of the pentafluorophenyl carbonates and also on the nature of the amino acids. Electron deficient and sterically less demanding carbonates reacted faster than the others, whereas amino acids with longer aliphatic side chains gave better yields than more polar amino acids. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence of Effectiveness of Herbal Medicinal Products in the Treatment of Arthritis
Authors: Cameron Melainie , Gagnier Joel J. , Little Christine V. , Parsons Tessa J. , Blümle Anette , Chrubasik Sigrun 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHerbal medicinal products (HMPs) are used in a variety of oral and topical forms for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to update a previous systematic review published in 2000. We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CISCOM, AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane registers) to June 2007, unrestricted by date or language, and included randomized controlled trials that compared HMPs with inert (placebo) or active controls in patients with osteoarthritis. Five reviewers contributed to data extraction. Disagreements were discussed and resolved by consensus with reference to Cochrane guidelines and advice from the Cochrane Collaboration.Thirty‐five studies (30 studies identified for this review update, and 5 studies included in the original review) evaluating the effectiveness of 22 HMPs were included. However, due to differing HMPs, interventions, comparators, and outcome measures, meta‐analysis was restricted to data from studies of three HMPs: topical capsaicin, avocado‐soybean unsaponifiables, and the Chinese herbal mixture SKI306X showed benefit in the alleviation of osteoarthritic pain.Several studies investigating products from devil's claw, and a powder from rose hip and seed, reported favorable effects on osteoarthritic pain, whereas two studies of a willow bark extract returned disparate results. Three studies of Phytodolor NRwere of limited use because doses and measures were inconsistent among trials. The remaining single studies for each HMP provided moderate evidence of effectiveness. No serious side effects were reported with any herbal intervention.Despite some evidence, the effectiveness of none of the HMPs is proven beyond doubt. The obvious potential benefits of HMPs in the treatment of osteoarthritis are reduced reliance on synthetic medications with the associated risks of harmful adverse events, but further clinical trials are necessary before HMPs can be adopted in osteoarthritis treatment guidelines. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Two‐Photon Excitation to Control Bending Motions in Molecular‐Crystal Nanorods
Authors: Good Jacob T. , Burdett Jonathan J. , Bardeen Christopher J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMolecular‐crystal nanorods composed of 9‐anthracenecarboxylic acid can undergo reversible bending due to molecular‐level geometry changes associated with the photodimerization of the molecules in the crystal lattice. The use of highly focused near‐IR femtosecond laser pulses results in two‐photon excitation of micrometer‐scale regions and is used to induce transient bends at various locations along the length of a single 200‐nm‐diameter nanorod. Bending can be observed in nanorods with diameters as small as 35 nm, and translational motion of a single nanorod could be induced by sequential bending of longer segments. A kinetic model is presented that quantitatively describes the bending and relaxation dynamics of individual rods. The results of this work show that it is possible to use laser excitation conditions to control the location, rate, and magnitude of photodeformations in these nanorods. The ability to control the motion of these ultrasmall photomechanical structures may be useful for manipulating objects on the nanoscale.
Biofunctionalized, Phosphonate‐Grafted, Ultrasmall Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Combined Targeted Cancer Therapy and Multimodal Imaging
Authors: Das Manasmita , Mishra Debasish , Dhak Prasanta , Gupta Satyajit , Maiti Tapas Kumar , Basak Amit , Pramanik Panchanan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA novel, inexpensive biofunctionalization approach is adopted to develop a multimodal and theranostic nanoagent, which combines cancer‐targeted magnetic resonance/optical imaging and pH‐sensitive drug release into one system. This multifunctional nanosystem, based on an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanocore, is modified with a hydrophilic, biocompatible, and biodegradable coating of N‐phosphonomethyl iminodiacetic acid (PMIDA). Using appropriate spacers, functional molecules, such as rhodamine B isothiocyanate, folic acid, and methotrexate, are coupled to the amine‐derivatized USPIO–PMIDA support with the aim of endowing simultaneous targeting, imaging, and intracellular drug‐delivering capability. For the first time, phosphonic acid chemistry is successfully exploited to develop a stealth, multifunctional nanoprobe that can selectively target, detect, and kill cancer cells overexpressing the folate receptor, while allowing real‐time monitoring of tumor response to drug treatment through dual‐modal fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging.
Prenatal diagnosis of brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata: case report
Authors: Benaicha A. , Dommergues M. , Jouannic J. M. , Jacquette A. , Alexandre M. , Le Merrer M. , Ducou Le Pointe H. , Garel C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBrachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata is a rare congenital skeletal dysplasia. Within the heterogeneous group of chondrodysplasia punctata, the brachytelephalangic type is noteworthy because it has a better prognosis than do the other types. We report a case of brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata diagnosed by ultrasound imaging at 30 weeks' gestation; it was associated with polyhydramnios and a normal cervical spinal canal. Imaging features are described and differential diagnosis with other forms of chondrodysplasia punctata is discussed. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of nanomaterials for toxicity assessment
Authors: Sayes Christie M. , Warheit David B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA key element of any nanomaterial toxicity screening strategy is a detailed and comprehensive physicochemical characterization of the test material being studied. This is a critical factor for correlating the nanoparticle surface characteristics with any measured biological/toxicological responses, as well as to provide an adequate reference point for comparing toxicity results with the hazard‐based findings of other investigators. Moreover, when hazard or risk‐based evaluations are made on a particular nanomaterial (based on a variety of studies), it is important to ensure that the nanoparticle‐types are identical or very similar in composition. This can only be accomplished if rigorous characterization is conducted. In the absence of an adequate assessment of the physical characteristics, it is easy to draw general conclusions on nanoparticle‐types which may have similar chemical compositions but, in fact, have different sizes, shapes, crystal structures, surface coatings, and surface reactivity characteristics. The determination of nanomaterial physicochemical properties is vitally important to nanomedicinal applications in that the fate, accumulation, and transport of nanomaterials through the body over time may be predicted based on specific surface characteristics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
An Investigation of the Formation Mechanism of Copper(II) Carbodiimide
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Puspitosari Hari , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe formation mechanism of copper(II) carbodiimide in aqueous ammonia solution was studied by synthetic and crystallographic means. The reduction of the starting CuII solution led to the synthesis of solid CuI intermediates, and the crystal structures of the two new compounds Cu(NCNH2)Cl (a = 8.2925(4), b = 3.7275(1), c = 12.4534(4) Å, Pnma) and the isostructural Cu(NCNH2)Br (a = 8.406(3), b = 3.9229(9), c = 12.656(3) Å, Pnma) were elucidated. A further increase in pH value by adding more ammonia led to the crystallization of two additional CuI intermediates, Cu2NCN and the ammine adduct Cu4(NCN)2NH3. The former can be also made by the thermal decomposition of the latter whereas mild oxidation of Cu4(NCN)2NH3 led to the formation of perfectly crystalline CuNCN.
Unsteady three dimensional flow of thin liquid film due to the stretching of a surface
Authors: Dandapat B.S. , Singh S.N. , Singh R.P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThree‐dimensional unsteady flow of thin liquid film over an impulsively stretching sheet is studied. Full 3D momentum equations are considered and solved analytically by using the singular perturbation technique to obtain an analytic expression for film thickness and liquid velocity inside the film. It is found that the film thickness decreases as time increases and it is independent of the stretching strength b at which the sheet is stretched along the y direction.
Stability analysis of the melt spinning process with respect to parameters
Authors: Götz T. , Perera S.S.N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe investigate the stability of the melt spinning process with respect to variations of external parameters such as the velocity and temperature of the quench air. Newtonian and non‐Newtonian models are used to describe the rheology of the polymer the fiber is made of. The critical draw ratio, indicating the onset of instabilities, is computed numerically solving the eigenvalue problem arising from the linear stability analysis.