bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The key pathways for drought tolerance in Cerasus humilis were unveiled through transcriptome analysis
Authors: Lang Shaoyu , Dong Buming , Liu Xin , Gu Yongmei , Kim Kukhon , Xie Qingjun , Wang Zhibo , Song Xingshun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrought stress exerts a significant impact on the growth, development, and yield of fruit trees. Cerasus humilis is an endemic drought‐resistant fruit tree in northern China. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of drought resistance in C. humilis, comprehensive physiological measurements and transcriptome analysis were conducted on the leaves of C. humilis subjected to 15‐ or 22‐days of drought stress. We identified multiple GO terms and KEGG pathways associated with the drought stress response by performing GO and KEGG analysis on DEGs. Furthermore, through the prediction of transcription factors (TFs) and analysis of their expression levels, we observed differential expression patterns among most members of stress‐responsive TF families as the duration of drought stress increased. WGCNA analysis was performed on the transcriptome to identify gene cluster modules that exhibited a strong correlation with the durations of drought. Subsequently, these modules underwent GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The study revealed that the TF‐mediated lignin biosynthesis pathway, along with the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, played a prominent role in responding to drought stress of C. humilis. Gene profiling analysis, qRT‐PCR, and determination of phytohormone and lignin contents further supported this hypothesis. The hierarchical gene regulatory network was finally constructed based on DEGs from the aforementioned key enriched pathways to predict the gene regulatory mechanisms in response to stress for C. humilis. The findings from this study provide valuable insights into how C. humilis copes with drought stress while analyzing crucial gene pathways associated with its resistance from a TF perspective. This research is significant for the genetic breeding of economic forests.
Overexpression of the plastidial pseudo‐protease AtFtsHi3 enhances drought tolerance while sustaining plant growth
Authors: Mishra Laxmi S. , Cook Sam D. , Kushwah Sunita , Isaksson Hanna , Straub Isabella R. , Abele Miriam , Mishra Sanatkumar , Ludwig Christina , Libby Eric , Funk Christiane 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith climate change, droughts are expected to be more frequent and severe, severely impacting plant biomass and quality. Here, we show that overexpressing the Arabidopsis gene AtFtsHi3 (FtsHi3OE) enhances drought‐tolerant phenotypes without compromising plant growth. AtFtsHi3 encodes a chloroplast envelope pseudo‐protease; knock‐down mutants (ftshi3‐1) are found to be drought tolerant but exhibit stunted growth. Altered AtFtsHi3 expression therefore leads to drought tolerance, while only diminished expression of this gene leads to growth retardation. To understand the underlying mechanisms of the enhanced drought tolerance, we compared the proteomes of ftshi3‐1 and pFtsHi3‐FtsHi3OE (pFtsHi3‐OE) to wild‐type plants under well‐watered and drought conditions. Drought‐related processes like osmotic stress, water transport, and abscisic acid response were enriched in pFtsHi3‐OE and ftshi3‐1 mutants following their enhanced drought response compared to wild‐type. The knock‐down mutant ftshi3‐1 showed an increased abundance of HSP90, HSP93, and TIC110 proteins, hinting at a potential downstream role of AtFtsHi3 in chloroplast pre‐protein import. Mathematical modeling was performed to understand how variation in the transcript abundance of AtFtsHi3 can, on the one hand, lead to drought tolerance in both overexpression and knock‐down lines, yet, on the other hand, affect plant growth so differently. The results led us to hypothesize that AtFtsHi3 may form complexes with at least two other protease subunits, either as homo‐ or heteromeric structures. Enriched amounts of AtFtsH7/9, AtFtsH11, AtFtsH12, and AtFtsHi4 in ftshi3‐1 suggest a possible compensation mechanism for these proteases in the hexamer.
How people find better lifegoals: The goal breakthrough model and its neuroscientific underpinnings
Authors: Sheldon Kennon M. , Lee Woogul , Reeve Johnmarshall 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHow do people identify new and better lifegoals for themselves? The goal breakthrough model (GBM) purports to answer this question. The GBM draws from creative process theories of preparation, incubation, illumination, and elaboration to explain how people “cross the Rubicon” to new purposes, in response to felt dissatisfaction. Neuroscience research supporting the GBM is reviewed, highlighting brain‐sequences linking Default Mode Network activity, Cognitive Control Network activity, and Salience Network activity. This understanding of the neural basis of creative goal‐functioning informs an elaborated version of the GBM, one that is less linear and more dynamic than its predecessor model. Overall, the GBM proposes a novel explanation for how people can actively prompt their nonconscious minds to provide new and better behavioral alternatives to consider.
Oclacitinib therapy in two cats with refractory proliferative and necrotising otitis externa
Authors: Chan Tim , Koch Sandra Nogueira , Devine Samuel , Mendoza‐Kuznetsova Ekaterina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFeline proliferative and necrotising otitis externa (PNOE) is a rare immune‐mediated condition, usually self‐limiting or responsive to immunosuppressants such as topical tacrolimus. This case report describes two cats with refractory PNOE that responded successfully to oclacitinib. One cat also had middle ear involvement and the other cat had extra‐auricular dermatitis.
Paucity phenomena for polynomial products
Authors: Wang Victor Y. , Xu Max Wenqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLet be a polynomial with at least two distinct complex roots. We prove that the number of solutions to the equation
(for any ) is asymptotically as . This solves a question first proposed and studied by Najnudel. The result can also be interpreted as saying that all even moments of random partial sums match standard complex Gaussian moments as , where is the Steinhaus random multiplicative function.
Morita equivalence classes of 2‐blocks with abelian defect groups of rank 4
Authors: Eaton Charles W. , Livesey Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe classify all 2‐blocks with abelian defect groups of rank 4 up to Morita equivalence. The classification holds for blocks over a suitable discrete valuation ring as well as for those over an algebraically closed field. An application is that Broué's abelian defect group conjecture holds for all blocks under consideration here.
Development of a genome-scale metabolic model for the lager hybrid yeast
S. pastorianus
to understand the evolution of metabolic pathways in industrial settings
Authors: Timouma Soukaina , Balarezo-Cisneros Laura Natalia , Schwartz Jean-Marc , Delneri Daniela 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

In silico
tools such as genome-scale metabolic models have shown to be powerful for metabolic engineering of microorganisms.
Saccharomyces pastorianus
is a complex aneuploid hybrid between the mesophilic
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and the cold-tolerant
Saccharomyces eubayanus
. This species is of biotechnological importance because it is the primary yeast used in lager beer fermentation and is also a key model for studying the evolution of hybrid genomes, including expression pattern of ortholog genes, composition of protein complexes, and phenotypic plasticity. Here, we created the iSP_1513 GSMM for
S. pastorianus
CBS1513 to allow top-down computational approaches to predict the evolution of metabolic pathways and to aid strain optimization in production processes. The iSP_1513 comprises 4,062 reactions, 1,808 alleles, and 2,747 metabolites, and takes into account the functional redundancy in the gene-protein-reaction rule caused by the presence of orthologous genes. Moreover, a universal algorithm to constrain GSMM reactions using transcriptome data was developed as a python library and enabled the integration of temperature as parameter. Essentiality data sets, growth data on various carbohydrates and volatile metabolites secretion were used to validate the model and showed the potential of media engineering to improve specific flavor compounds. The iSP_1513 also highlighted the different contributions of the parental sub-genomes to the oxidative and non-oxidative parts of the pentose phosphate pathway. Overall, the iSP_1513 GSMM represent an important step toward understanding the metabolic capabilities, evolutionary trajectories, and adaptation potential of
S. pastorianus
in different industrial settings.

IMPORTANCE

Genome-scale metabolic models (GSMM) have been successfully applied to predict cellular behavior and design cell factories in several model organisms, but no models to date are currently available for hybrid species due to their more complex genetics and general lack of molecular data. In this study, we generated a bespoke GSMM, iSP_1513, for this industrial aneuploid hybrid
Saccharomyces pastorianus
, which takes into account the aneuploidy and functional redundancy from orthologous parental alleles. This model will (i) help understand the metabolic capabilities and adaptive potential of
S. pastorianus
(domestication processes), (ii) aid top-down predictions for strain development (industrial biotechnology), and (iii) allow predictions of evolutionary trajectories of metabolic pathways in aneuploid hybrids (evolutionary genetics).
Elbow tectonics: Smashing, translating, and rotating outboard terranes of the Syringa embayment of the Laurentian accretionary margin
Authors: Di Fiori* Russell V. , Steven Cody J. , Nelson Ellen M. , Tikoff Basil , Schmidt Keegan L. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe Mesozoic tectonic margin in west-central Idaho, USA, continues to be a world-class geologic venue, instigating debates and inspiring hypotheses that shape our understanding of tectonics processes and related strain regimes worldwide. This field guide1 is a snapshot of up-to-date interpretations along with new data that fuels ongoing discussion of the processes that have shaped this corner of the tectonic margin—a field-based road-log tour of the enigmatic structural “elbow,” defined by an ~90° bend (a transition from N-S to E-W orientation) in the Mesozoic arc-continent boundary at the latitude ~46°N. This trip is composed of three transects that showcase the rocks and structural markers documented within this complicated region. These transects are organized as follows: (1) along the N-S segment of the terrane boundary near Riggins, Idaho; (2) a W-E orientation along the South Fork of the Clearwater River to Elk City, Idaho, roughly perpendicular to tectonic grain; and (3) along and across the complex “elbow” bend, where the boundary’s orientation shifts abruptly from N-S to E-W. Bedrock exposures and outcrops along these transects yield many opportunities to see field-based evidence for the complex, protracted tectonic and structural evolution of the arc-continent boundary, while also considering the critical preexisting tectonic framework that exerted influence on the overprinting accretionary event, as well as the late-stage, extensional system that has since reactivated and dismembered the region.
Promoting parental management of teen driving
Authors: Simons-Morton B G , Hartos J L , Leaf W A 
Published: May 2024

Objective:Parenting may be an important protective factor against teen driving risk; however, parents do not limit teen driving as much as might be expected. The Checkpoint Program was designed to promote parental management of teen driving through the use of staged persuasive communications.Methods:Parent-teen dyads (n = 452) were recruited when teens received learner’s permits and interviewed over the telephone at baseline, licensure, and three months post-licensure. After baseline, families were randomized to either the intervention group that received persuasive communications or to the comparison group that received general information about driving safety.Results:Both parents and teens in the intervention group reported significantly greater limits on teen driving at licensure and three months post-licensure. In multivariate analyses, intervention and baseline driving expectations had significant effects on driving limits at licensure. Intervention and driving limits established at licensure were associated with three month driving limits.Conclusion:The findings indicate that exposure to the Checkpoints Program increased parental limits on teen driving.
Graduated driver licensing: what works?
Authors: McKnight A J , Peck R C 
Published: May 2024

Background:Graduated driver licensing (GDL) adds an intermediate stage to driver licensing between the learner permit and full licensure stages that is intended to ameliorate the high risk of novice drivers.Objectives:To assess the contribution of various elements of GDL to reduction in the crash rates of young novice drivers.Methods:An extensive review of the literature was undertaken to synthesise research findings on crash reduction.Results:Increasing the length of the learner period and the amount practice required has reduced crash risk, partly through improved performance and partly by delaying licensure. Intervening early with traffic violators and making full licensure dependent on a clean driving record provide both general and specific deterrents to unsafe driving. Restrictions on night driving and carrying passengers are effective in reducing the increased risk of these situations. The benefits of multistage instruction and testing as well as the use of visible tags to identify novices have not as yet been adequately evaluated.Conclusions:While graduated driver licensing has proven a generally effective means of reducing the crash risk of novice drivers, controlled research is needed to assess the benefits of its individual components.
Alcohol consumption, smoking and development of visible age-related signs: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Schou Anne L , Mølbak Marie-Louise , Schnor Peter , Grønbæk Morten , Tolstrup Janne S 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundVisible age-related signs indicate biological age, as individuals that appear old for their age are more likely to be at poor health, compared with people that appear their actual age. The aim of this study was to investigate whether alcohol and smoking are associated with four visible age-related signs (arcus corneae, xanthelasmata, earlobe crease and male pattern baldness).MethodsWe used information from 11 613 individuals in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (1976–2003). Alcohol intake, smoking habits and other lifestyle factors were assessed prospectively and visible age-related signs were inspected during subsequent examinations.ResultsThe risk of developing arcus corneae, earlobe crease and xanthelasmata increased stepwise with increased smoking as measured by pack-years. For alcohol consumption, a high intake was associated with the risk of developing arcus corneae and earlobe crease, but not xanthelasmata.ConclusionsHigh alcohol consumption and smoking predict development of visible age-related signs. This is the first prospective study to show that heavy alcohol use and smoking are associated with generally looking older than one’s actual age.
$$p\bar{\varLambda }$$ final-state interaction in the reactions $$e^+e^- \rightarrow K^- p \bar{\varLambda }$$ and $$J/\psi \rightarrow K^- p \bar{\varLambda }$$
Authors: Haidenbauer Johann , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNear-threshold $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

mass spectra for the reactions $$e^+e^- \rightarrow K^- p\bar{\Lambda }$$

e
+

e
-

→

K
-

p

Λ

¯

and $$J/\psi \rightarrow K^- p\bar{\Lambda }$$

J
/
ψ
→

K
-

p

Λ

¯

are investigated with an emphasis on the role played by the interaction in the $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

system. As guideline for the $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

interaction a variety of $$\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$$

Λ

Λ

¯

potential models is considered that have been established in the analysis of data on $$p{\bar{p}}\rightarrow \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$$

p

p

¯

→
Λ

Λ

¯

in the past. Arguments why the properties of the $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

and $$\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$$

Λ

Λ

¯

interactions can be expected to be very similar are provided. It is shown that the near-threshold enhancement in the invariant mass observed for the $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

reaction can be reproduced quantitatively by the assumed $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

final-state interaction in the partial wave suggested by an amplitude analysis of the experiment. The effect of the $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

final-state interaction in other decays is explored, including the recently measured reactions $$B^- \rightarrow J/\psi \, {\bar{p}} \Lambda $$

B
-

→
J
/
ψ

p

¯

Λ

and $$B^+ \rightarrow J/\psi \, p \bar{\Lambda }$$

B
+

→
J
/
ψ

p

Λ

¯

. It is found that the final-state interaction improves the description of the measured invariant mass near threshold in most cases.
How Gubser flow ends in a holographic conformal theory
Authors: Banerjee Avik , Mitra Toshali , Mukhopadhyay Ayan , Soloviev Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGubser flow is an axis-symmetric and boost-invariant evolution in a relativistic quantum field theory which is best studied by mapping $$\textbf{R}^{3,1}$$

R

3
,
1

to $$dS_{3}\times \textbf{R}$$

d

S
3

×
R

when the field theory has conformal symmetry. We show that at late de-Sitter time, which corresponds to large proper time and central region of the future wedge within $$\textbf{R}^{3,1}$$

R

3
,
1

, the holographic conformal field theory plasma can reach a state in which $$\varepsilon = P_T = - P_L$$

ε
=

P
T

=
-

P
L

, with $$\varepsilon $$
ε
, $$P_T$$

P
T

and $$P_L$$

P
L

being the energy density, transverse and longitudinal pressures, respectively. We further determine the full sub-leading behaviour of the energy–momentum tensor at late time. Restricting to flows in which the energy density decays at large transverse distance from the central axis in $$\textbf{R}^{3,1}$$

R

3
,
1

, we show that this decay should be faster than any power law. Furthermore, in this case the energy density also vanishes in $$\textbf{R}^{3,1}$$

R

3
,
1

faster than any power as we go back to early proper time. Hydrodynamic behavior can appear in intermediate time.
Insights on Granda–Oliveros holographic dark energy: possibility of negative dark energy at $$z\gtrsim 2$$
Authors: Manoharan Manosh T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn holographic dark energy (HDE) models, infrared cut-offs with derivatives of the Hubble parameter, such as the Granda–Oliveros cut-off, offer a coherent explanation for late-time acceleration while ensuring causal consistency. We show that such HDE will inevitably mimic the dominant energy forms unless we forcefully calibrate the free parameters. This feature reveals the dependency between the model’s ability to explain the late-time acceleration and the integration constant, highlighting that one cannot arbitrarily set this constant to zero. We see that the origins of HDE and the Friedmann equations from the first law of horizon thermodynamics offer a natural explanation for this behaviour. Thus, the holographic principle naturally extends to all energy components, diverging from the prevalent notion in HDE models. The model also allows dark energy to transit from an early negative energy to a present positive value, with a singular dark energy equation of state parameter, which can relax the tension in the BAO Lyman-$$\alpha $$
α
observations. Furthermore, we present observational constraints utilizing Pantheon$$^+,$$

+

,

OHD, CMB Shift parameter, QSO and BAO data, indicating the presence of early negative energy as an unavoidable consequence. Upon using the SH0ES prior, we see that the model accounts for the Hubble parameter at the cost of affecting the matter density while simultaneously relaxing the tensions in BAO Lyman-$$\alpha $$
α
observations and the age estimations. This study also underscores notable features stemming from the comprehensive utilization of the covariance matrix within cosmic chronometers, BAO and CMB distance prior and clarifies the implications of negative dark energy density derived from the high redshift Pantheon$$^+$$

+

sample. Additionally, we provide a brief overview of the theoretical framework surrounding linear perturbation within the wGOHDE model.
The first limit on invisible decays of $$B_s$$ mesons comes from LEP
Authors: Alonso-Álvarez Gonzalo , Escudero Abenza Miguel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMotivated by the recent evidence for $$B^+\rightarrow K^+\bar{\nu } \nu $$

B
+

→

K
+

ν

¯

ν

decays at Belle II, we point out that fully invisible $$B_d$$

B
d

and $$B_s$$

B
s

meson decays are strongly constrained by LEP. A reinterpretation of an old inclusive ALEPH search for b-hadron decays with large missing energy allows us to place the limits $$\textrm{Br}(B_d \rightarrow \textrm{invisible}) < 1.4\times 10^{-4}$$

Br

(

B
d

→
invisible
)

<
1.4
×

10

-
4

and $$\textrm{Br}(B_s \rightarrow \textrm{invisible}) < 5.6\times 10^{-4}$$

Br

(

B
s

→
invisible
)

<
5.6
×

10

-
4

, both at $$90\%$$

90
%

CL. The $$B_d$$

B
d

limit is only a factor of 6 looser than the world-leading one provided by the BaBar collaboration, while the $$B_s$$

B
s

one is the first limit in the literature on this decay mode. These results are relevant in the context of new light states coupled to quarks and exemplify the power of a future Tera-Z factory at FCC-ee to look for B meson decays containing missing energy.
CRISPR Dependency Screens in Primary Hematopoietic Stem Cells Identify KDM3B as a Genotype-specific Vulnerability in IDH2- and TET2-mutant Cells
Authors: Waarts Michael R. , Mowla Shoron , Boileau Meaghan , Martinez Benitez Anthony R. , Sango Junya , Bagish Maya , Fernández-Maestre Inés , Shan Yufan , Eisman Shira E. , Park Young C. , Wereski Matthew , Csete Isabelle , O’Connor Kavi , Romero-Vega Angelica C. , Miles Linde A. , Xiao Wenbin , Wu Xiaodi , Koche Richard P. , Armstrong Scott A. , Shih Alan H. , Papapetrou Eirini P. , Butler Jason M. , Cai Sheng F. , Bowman Robert L. , Levine Ross L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a common premalignant state in the blood and confers an increased risk of blood cancers and all-cause mortality. Identification of therapeutic targets in CH has been hindered by the lack of an ex vivo platform amenable for studying primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we utilize an ex vivo co-culture system of HSPCs with bone marrow endothelial cells to perform CRISPR/Cas9 screens in mutant HSPCs. Our data reveal that loss of the histone demethylase family members Kdm3b and Jmjd1c specifically reduces the fitness of Idh2- and Tet2-mutant HSPCs. Kdm3b loss in mutant cells leads to decreased expression of critical cytokine receptors including Mpl, rendering mutant HSPCs preferentially susceptible to inhibition of downstream JAK2 signaling. Our study nominates an epigenetic regulator and an epigenetically regulated receptor signaling pathway as genotype-specific therapeutic targets and provides a scalable platform to identify genetic dependencies in mutant HSPCs.
Significance: Given the broad prevalence, comorbidities, and risk of malignant transformation associated with CH, there is an unmet need to identify therapeutic targets. We develop an ex vivo platform to perform CRISPR/Cas9 screens in primary HSPCs. We identify KDM3B and downstream signaling components as genotype-specific dependencies in CH and myeloid malignancies.
See related commentary by Khabusheva and Goodell, p. 1768