bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Food doesn't control me anymore!’ psychosocial experiences during dietary management in adults with inflammatory bowel disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Li Yiting , Tu Wenjing , Yin Tingting , Mei Ziqi , Zhang Sumin , Gu Weisheng , Liu Hanjiao , Xu Guihua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsTo explore the psychosocial experiences during dietary management among Chinese adults with inflammatory bowel disease.DesignQualitative phenomenological design.MethodsEighteen adults diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease for more than 6 months were recruited using purposive sampling from June to December 2023. Two trained researchers used van Manen's approach to analyse the data.ResultsThe three themes with multiple subthemes emerged: facing the unknown: at a loss and aggrieved, trying to cope: uncertain and distressed, and growing in adaptation: relieved and transcendent. The first theme included unknown relapses, overlooking diet management and the absence of dietary rules. The second theme showed different coping situations, like complex dietary information and ever‐closing worlds. The third theme explores how participants adapted to disease and their eating patterns.ConclusionThe psychosocial experiences during dietary management are complex. The accumulation of diet‐related experience, acceptance of illness and social support facilitate patients in overcoming negative emotions and adhering to dietary management.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareNurses should provide tailored dietary guidance and appropriate psychological interventions to promote healthy eating in patients.ImpactThis study may enhance healthcare professionals' understanding, particularly those in China, of the diet‐related experiences among patients.Reporting MethodThe Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.Patient or Public ContributionParticipants contributed by sharing their first hand experiences.
Association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and COVID‐19 severity
Authors: Nassi‐Liberman Oria , Oberman Bernice , Strahl Tamar , Yosef Noga , Shlomi Dekel 
Published: June 2024

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea and sleep‐related hypoxia have been associated with higher rates of hospitalization and mortality among patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We further explored the association between obstructive sleep apnea, COVID‐19 severity and related mortality. In addition, we examined the effects of clinical and demographic parameters on COVID‐19. In this retrospective study, we included adult patients who were diagnosed with COVID‐19 prior to the Omicron variant identification. We compared the severity of COVID‐19 and mortality with the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. The study population included 44,275 patients who tested positive for COVID‐19. Of these, 97% had mild or asymptomatic disease, 1.2% had moderate disease, and 1.8% had severe disease. Obstructive sleep apnea was diagnosed in 980 (2.2%) patients. In a multivariate analysis, obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis increased the risk of severe COVID‐19 by 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.4) compared with mild disease. However, no increase in mortality was associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Interestingly, patients with moderate and high socioeconomic status had a 1.6 times higher risk for severe COVID‐19 than patients from the low socioeconomic status group (95% confidence interval: 1.2–2.1 and 95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.3, respectively). The risk of dying due to COVID‐19 was 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.5) and 3.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.8–5.3) times higher in patients with medium and high socioeconomic status, respectively, compared with patients with low socioeconomic status. Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea was found to be an independent risk factor for severe COVID‐19. The higher the socioeconomic status, the higher the risk of severe COVID‐19 morbidity and mortality.
European survey on Paediatric Early Warning Systems, and other processes used to aid the recognition and response to children's deterioration on hospital wards
Authors: Gawronski Orsola , Briassoulis George , El Ghannudi Ziad , Ilia Stavroula , Sánchez‐Martín María , Chiusolo Fabrizio , Jensen Claus Sixtus , Manning Joseph C. , Valla Frederic V. , Pavelescu Carmen , Dall'Oglio Immacolata , Coad Jane , Sefton Gerri ,   For the European Society for Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) Resuscitation Section and Pediatric Nursing Associations of Europe (PNAE) study group
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundInternationally, there is an increasing trend in using Rapid Response Systems (RRS) to stabilize in‐patient deterioration. Despite a growing evidence base, there remains limited understanding of the processes in place to aid the early recognition and response to deteriorating children in hospitals across Europe.AimTo describe the processes in place for early recognition and response to in‐patient deterioration in children in European hospitals.Study DesignA cross‐sectional opportunistic multi‐centre European study, of hospitals with paediatric in‐patients, using a descriptive self‐reported, web‐based survey, was conducted between September 2021 and March 2022. The sampling method used chain referral through members of European and national societies, led by country leads. The survey instrument was an adaptation to the survey of Recognition and Response Systems in Australia. The study received ethics approval. Descriptive analysis and Chi‐squared tests were performed to compare results in European regions.ResultsA total of 185 questionnaires from 21 European countries were received. The majority of respondents (n = 153, 83%) reported having written policies, protocols, or guidelines, regarding the measurement of physiological observations. Over half (n = 120, 65%) reported that their hospital uses a Paediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) and 75 (41%) reported having a Rapid Response Team (RRT). Approximately one‐third (38%) reported that their hospital collects specific data about the effectiveness of their RRS, while 100 (54%) reported providing regular training and education to support it. European regional differences existed in PEWS utilization (North = 98%, Centre = 25%, South = 44%, p < .001) and process evaluation (North = 49%, Centre = 6%, South = 36%, p < .001).ConclusionsRRS practices in European hospitals are heterogeneous. Differences in the uptake of PEWS and RRS process evaluation emerged across Europe.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is important to scope practices for the safe monitoring and management of deteriorating children in hospital across Europe. To reduce variance in practice, a consensus statement endorsed by paediatric and intensive care societies could provide guidance and resources to support PEWS implementation and for the operational governance required for continuous quality improvement.
Force Stiffness Technique for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Buckling Load of Oblate Ellipsoidal Shells
Authors: Rangarajan Gopikrishna , Dinavahi Ramkrishna , Raju Gangadharan , Jain Prakash Chand 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Buckling is a critical mode of failure that governs the design of thin-walled shell structures. The buckling load of shells is sensitive to geometric imperfections, the effect of boundary conditions, or eccentricity in the load application path. Non-destructive evaluation techniques are widely used for estimating the buckling load of structures. Force-stiffness (F-s) technique is one such method used for the estimation of buckling load without subjecting the structure to failure. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the buckling load of oblate ellipsoidal shell structures subjected to external pressure using the F-s technique. Experiments are carried out on scaled ellipsoidal shells fabricated using steel with similar R/t values. The experiments are performed on five domes until buckling and the strains under pressure loading are measured using strain gages. Graphs of the pressure-to-strain ratio versus applied pressure are plotted for the five scaled-down domes. It is observed from these plots that the F-s technique can predict the buckling load with 95% accuracy in all the scaled-down domes using strain data up to 80% of the buckling load. All the domes buckled within a range of 2.8 to 3.5 MPa. With this confidence, the F-s technique is applied for buckling load prediction of a large-scale dome structure, almost 3 times the size of the scaled-down dome, subjected to external pressurization. Furthermore, the application of the F-s technique numerically to predict the buckling load of oblate shells is also explored.
Method Development Towards Strength and Flaw Characterization of Single Carbon Fibers
Authors: Dockter Andrew , Decker Ryan , Forslof David , Egloff Matthew , Cairns Douglas , Bajwa Dilpreet , Ridgard Christopher , Nelson Jared , Amendola Roberta , Ryan Cecily 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Stretch breaking of carbon fibers is a process to break single to multiple tows to produce discontinuous, aligned fibers within a tow. The process stretches the carbon fibers causing breakage according to intrinsic flaws leading to a distribution of fiber lengths within the tow. These breaks allow the stretch broken fiber tows to exhibit increased formability during composites manufacturing that is useful to produce parts with complex geometries. This work aims to establish a repeatable method to characterize the carbon fibers flaw types, and their distributions, that lead to fiber breakage to better understand the stretch breaking process.
To assess the flaws exploited by the stretch breaking process, single continuous carbon fibers were extracted from a Hexcel IM7-12K tow and tensile tested both in water and in air at a gauge length of 25 mm. The Weibull distribution was used to describe the strength behavior of brittle carbon fibers. Higher strength values were overall recorded for fibers tested in water when compared to the ones tested in air. Scanning electron microscopy was used for flaw characterization.
Stochastic Thermal Buckling Analysis of Variable Angle Tow Composites
Authors: Thapa Mishal , Zhao Wei , Mulani Sameer B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Variable angle tow (VAT) enables tailoring the stiffness distribution across the laminates for improved structural performance by combining the features of advanced automated tape laying and filament winding. However, the performance of VAT composites is affected by the presence of uncertainties in material properties, geometric properties, loads, and boundary conditions that are unwantedly introduced during the manufacturing process. This leads to composite products that may not exactly perform as expected during the operation, which necessitates accounting for the effects of the uncertainties during the design and analysis of VAT composites. Therefore, a sparse polynomial chaos expansion (PCE)-based approach for uncertainty quantification (UQ) and global sensitivity analysis of the thermal buckling response of a variable angle tow (VAT) laminate is presented. Two test cases are considered for thermal buckling analysis of a VAT laminate under material and geometric uncertainties — similar random properties for different plies and different random properties for different plies. Furthermore, the effect of assumption regarding the distribution of random parameters is also studied by considering normal and uniform distribution. The results have been verified with a large number of Monte Carlo Simulations. The results underlined the benefits of using a PCE-based approach for quantifying the effects of uncertainties on the thermal buckling response of VAT laminate and identifying the influential random parameters.
Venturicidin A affects the mitochondrial membrane potential and induces kDNA loss in
Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Hauser Dennis A. , Kaiser Marcel , Mäser Pascal , Albisetti Anna 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Neglected tropical diseases caused by trypanosomatid parasites have devastating health and economic consequences, especially in tropical areas. New drugs or new combination therapies to fight these parasites are urgently needed. Venturicidin A, a macrolide extracted from
Streptomyces
, inhibits the ATP synthase complex of fungi and bacteria. However, its effect on trypanosomatids is not fully understood. In this study, we tested venturicidin A on a panel of trypanosomatid parasites using Alamar Blue assays and found it to be highly active against
Trypanosoma brucei
and
Leishmania donovani
, but much less so against
Trypanosoma evansi
. Using fluorescence microscopy, we observed a rapid loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential in
T. brucei
bloodstream forms upon venturicidin A treatment. Additionally, we report the loss of mitochondrial DNA in approximately 40%–50% of the treated parasites. We conclude that venturicidin A targets the ATP synthase of
T. brucei
, and we suggest that this macrolide could be a candidate for anti-trypanosomatid drug repurposing, drug combinations, or medicinal chemistry programs.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity by immobilized CCL21 and ICAM1
Authors: Yado Sofi , Dassa Bareket , Zoabi Rawan , Reich-Zeliger Shlomit , Friedman Nir , Geiger Benjamin 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAdoptive cancer immunotherapy, using engineered T-cells, expressing chimeric antigen receptor or autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes became, in recent years, a major therapeutic approach for diverse types of cancer. However, despite the transformative potential of adoptive cancer immunotherapy, this field still faces major challenges, manifested by the apparent decline of the cytotoxic capacity of effector CD8+T cells upon their expansion. To address these challenges, we have developed an ex vivo “synthetic immune niche” (SIN), composed of immobilized CCL21 and ICAM1, which synergistically induce an efficient expansion of antigen-specific CD8+T cells while retaining, and even enhancing their cytotoxic potency.MethodsTo explore the molecular mechanisms through which a CCL21+ICAM1-based SIN modulates the interplay between the proliferation and cytotoxic potency of antigen-activated and CD3/CD28-activated effector CD8+T cells, we performed integrated analysis of specific differentiation markers via flow cytometry, together with gene expression profiling.ResultsOn day 3, the transcriptomic effect induced by the SIN was largely similar for both dendritic cell (DC)/ovalbumin (OVA)-activated and anti-CD3/CD28-activated cells. Cell proliferation increased and the cells exhibited high killing capacity. On day 4 and on, the proliferation/cytotoxicity phenotypes became radically “activation-specific”; The DC/OVA-activated cells lost their cytotoxic activity, which, in turn, was rescued by the SIN treatment. On longer incubation, the cytotoxic activity further declined, and on day7, could not be rescued by the SIN. SIN stimulation following activation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads induced a major increase in the proliferative phenotype while transiently suppressing their cytotoxicity for 2–3 days and fully regaining their killing activity on day 7. Potential molecular regulatory pathways of the SIN effects were identified, based on transcriptomic and multispectral imaging profiling.ConclusionsThese data indicate that cell proliferation and cytotoxicity are negatively correlated, and the interplay between them is differentially regulated by the mode of initial activation. The SIN stimulation greatly enhances the cell expansion, following both activation modes, while displaying high survival and cytotoxic potency at specific time points following stimulation, suggesting that it could effectively reinforce adoptive cancer immunotherapy.
Modifying T cell phenotypes using TYK2 inhibitor and its implications for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Satoh-Kanda Yurie , Nakayamada Shingo , Kubo Satoshi , Yamagata Kaoru , Nawata Aya , Tanaka Hiroaki , Kosaka Shunpei , Kanda Ryuichiro , Yu Shan , Fujita Yuya , Sonomoto Koshiro , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesThe tuning effects of JAK/TYK2 inhibitors on the imbalance between T follicular helper (Tfh) and T regulatory (Treg) cells, related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, were investigated using human peripheral blood samples.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from untreated patients with SLE and healthy controls were analysed. Tfh1 cells were identified in nephritis tissue, and the effect of Tfh1 cells on B-cell differentiation was examined by coculturing naïve B cells with Tfh1 cells.ResultsTfh1 cell numbers were increased in the peripheral blood of patients, and activated Treg cell counts were decreased relative to Tfh1 cell counts. This imbalance in the Tfh to Treg ratio was remarkably pronounced in cases of lupus nephritis, especially in types III and IV active nephritis. Immunohistochemistry revealed Tfh1 cell infiltration in lupus nephritis tissues. Co-culture of Tfh1 cells (isolated from healthy individuals) with naïve B cells elicited greater induction of T-bet+B cells than controls. In JAK/TYK2-dependent STAT phosphorylation assays using memory CD4+T cells, IL-12-induced STAT1/4 phosphorylation and Tfh1 cell differentiation were inhibited by both JAK and TYK2 inhibitors. However, phosphorylation of STAT5 by IL-2 and induction of Treg cell differentiation by IL-2+TGFβ were inhibited by JAK inhibitors but not by TYK2 inhibitors, suggesting that TYK2 does not mediate the IL-2 signalling pathway.ConclusionsTfh1 cells can induce T-bet+B cell production and may contribute to SLE pathogenesis-associated processes. TYK2 inhibitor may fine-tune the immune imbalance by suppressing Tfh1 differentiation and maintaining Treg cell differentiation, thereby preserving IL-2 signalling, unlike other JAK inhibitors.
Factors associated with lifetime use of commercial sex work services among Japanese men aged 20–49: findings from a quasi-representative national survey, 2022
Authors: Ghaznavi Cyrus , Ueda Peter , Nomura Shuhei , Ishikane Masahiro , Uno Shunsuke , Sakamoto Haruka 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesApproximately half of Japanese men aged 20–49 years have purchased sexual services, but data concerning the use of commercial sex work (CSW) in Japan remain scarce.MethodsWe used online survey data from the National Inventory of Japanese Sexual Behavior conducted in 2022 (N=4000 Japanese men aged 20–49 years). We calculated the median number of paid sexual partners over the lifetime. We performed logistic regression analysis to determine the sociodemographic, anthropometric and attitudinal factors associated with any lifetime CSW use among men in Japan.ResultsThe median number of paid sexual partners reported among men who had ever used CSW was 6 (IQR 3–17) across the lifetime; the corresponding value for those who had ever used CSW in the past year was 2 (IQR 1–4) over the last 12 months. In general, those reporting lifetime use of CSW were significantly more likely than their CSW-naïve counterparts to be older, be married, be heterosexual or bisexual, have higher income and have higher education. Those reporting higher self-rated attractiveness, high or low satisfaction with their sex lives, a desire to increase their frequency of sex and considering sex to be an important aspect of their lives were also found to have a higher likelihood of having used CSW.ConclusionsHigh rates of CSW use in Japan likely reflect ease of access, low stigma with respect to use of sexual services and the diversity in the type of services offered. High-income, employed older men have more financial resources at their disposal to purchase services, which can be cost-prohibitive for part-time or unemployed young men with low incomes. These findings will serve as a launchpad for public health efforts directed at promoting safe sexual practices and improved sexually transmitted infection screening rates among users of CSW in Japan.
Remanufacturing of paper waste for pencil production: a sustainable business assessment
Authors: Abdullah Ziyad Tariq 
Published: June 2024

Large amounts of waste paper are generated annually worldwide. Although some of it is recycled, up to 50% is landfilled or incinerated. The remanufacturing of waste paper to produce pencils is proposed as a novel, sustainable business solution. A sustainability analysis of this process was performed to quantify indexes of technical, environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Small-to-medium business models were evaluated, in which 15 000 pencils/shift/day can be produced from 135 kg of waste paper, with a maximum productivity of 64 800 pencils/day. Productivity, operating costs, power consumption, land footprint, machine delivery cost, and number of workers were used to analyze the technical feasibility. The cost-to-profit ratio, cost and profit per pencil, and daily profit were used to evaluate economic sustainability. The amounts of municipal solid waste and recovered paper waste, saved embodied energy, and prevented CO2 emissions were used to analyze environmental sustainability. The number of workers and labor costs were used to evaluate human development and social sustainability. The machines required for the remanufacturing line are considered sufficiently mature, remanufactured pencils are less expensive to produce than wooden pencils, and the proposed process minimizes the amount of waste paper sent to landfills and avoids the use of new wood for producing pencils, thereby satisfying technical, economic, and environmental sustainability, respectively. The final sustainability index of 0.9 is considered very high and sufficient for operating a profitable, sustainable business with a profit of 252–583 USD/day.
A First Look At IPv6 Hypergiant Infrastructure
Authors: Hilal Fahad , Sattler Patrick , Vermeulen Kevin , Gasser Oliver 
Published: June 2024

Today's Internet is dominated by a small number of companies which are responsible for a large fraction of Internet traffic. These so called "hypergiants" make use of off-nets to deploy parts of their infrastructure in ISP networks. Off-nets ensure that clients from these ISPs get lower latencies and the ISP needs to send less traffic to its upstream providers. They have been relatively well studied in the IPv4 Internet, although their footprint in IPv6 remains unclear.
In this paper, we take a first look at the IPv6 hypergiant infrastructure. We perform a first-of-its-kind study of IPv6 off-nets for 14 hypergiants and compare their deployment to IPv4. We find IPv6 off-nets in 2k ASes, compared to the more than 6k off-net ASes for IPv4. Moreover, the majority of IPv6 off-nets deployments are seen in ASes which already deploy IPv4 off-nets. Interestingly, we also see some hypergiants such as Disney and Hulu not making use of any IPv6 off-nets at all. We also uncover the phenomenon of cross-hypergiant deployments, where one hypergiant deploys its infrastructure in another hypergiant's network. Finally, we use latency measurements to compare IPv6 vs. IPv4 latency to off-net prefixes within off-net ASes and find similar results for both protocol versions. We make all our code and data available to encourage replicability.