bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dual benefit of first aid training among Civilians in a time of war
Authors: Jaffe E , Aviel E , Kodinsky N , Knobler H , Aharonson-Daniel L 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundFirst-aid training enables the acquisition of life-saving skills. However, proficiency in first-aid also reduces anxiety among caregivers. The question explored in this study was as follows: Will first-aid training in shelters to civilians under missile attacks contribute to reducing anxiety among the trainees beyond the provision of life-saving skills?MethodsParticipants of first-aid training courses conducted in shelters in settlements under missile attack in southern Israel during January 2009 were asked about their reason for joining the course, the quality of training, the courses' influence on their perceived role during a missile attack and their self perceived proficiency with life-saving skills.Results140 respondents, residents of 28 southern settlements of whom 77% were female. The training course significantly contributed to the feeling of safety, the knowledge what to do after a missile attack and role acquisition. The quality of training was found to contribute to reducing anxiety with the knowledge variable as a mediator.ConclusionsPeople under attack, who learnt first-aid while in bomb-shelters, perceived themselves as caregivers and not as potential targets of attack themselves. Learning first-aid is seen as a mode to enable helping loved-ones, but not as a way of reducing anxiety among trainees. The professional level of training significantly influences the level of knowledge, and thus decreases anxiety. The aspiration to use good instructors always exists. This study emphasises the great importance of assigning appropriate instructors in such situations.
Evaluation of the assumption of responsibility of the traumatisms of the locomotors apparatus due to the traffic accidents road in the university hospital – Yalgadogo Ouedraogo (CHU-YO) of Ouagadougou
Authors: Lassane Z 
Published: March 2011

AimsTo evaluate the assumption of responsibility of the traumatisms of the locomotors apparatus due to the traffic accidents road in the university hospital – Yalgadogo Ouedraogo (CHU-YO) of Ouagadougou.MethodThis study was of transverse futurology type to evaluative aiming. The investigation of ground proceeded 07 August 31, 2009 and concerned 28 agents of health and 162 patients.ResultsThe results to which we ended reveal insufficiencies in the assumption of responsibility. These insufficiencies are prejudicial with the road victims of the traumatisms and accuse medical staff and the resources for the assumption of responsibility. The insufficiencies more in sight are as follows:The bad reception of the patients;Lack of rigour in the compliance with the rules of asepsis;Negligence in the monitoring of the casualty;The weak interpersonal communication;Lack of protocolar supports of assumption of responsibility;The insufficiency of the equipment and the emergency drugs;The irregularity of the supervisions;The insufficiency of continuing education.ConclusionTo improve the situation we have:To promote the prevention of the traumatisms of the road;To reinforce the technical plate of the service of the traumatologic and orthopedic urgencies of the CHU-YO;To allocate the resources consequent and essential to the assumption of responsibility of the cases;To promote the North-South partnership in the problems of the traumatisms of the road.
Risk behaviour and injury risk factors: in multi country analysis
Authors: Hasan F , Hossain N M 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundChildhood injury is one of the major preventable public health problems. Unintentional injuries account for almost 90% of worlds million deaths from injury and violence in children and young people under the age of 18 years. Canada has one of the best healthcare and surveillance system in this world. Malaysia undertakes several initiatives to tackle this preventable public health problem; but it will take time and need more population enrichment and participations. Bangladesh is far off from its goal; need more immediate actions and further assistance from international communities.Objectives(1) To determine the prevalence of risk factors for Childhood injury in Bangladesh, Malaysia and Canada and their country wise differences. (2) To determine the barriers and enablers to adopt injury prevention strategies such as car seats, bicycle helmet use, in those countries and their country wise differences.MethodologyThe study will examine the existing data and newly collected data for population-based estimates of specific variables. A need assessment survey will be conducted to collect qualitative information. Exploratory data analysis techniques will use for checking the consistency and validity of data, contingency table analysis for testing independence of categorical data and finally, Qualitative analyses will be done by using thematic content analysis.Target PopulationTarget population will be between ages 1 to 18 years of old.Expected OutcomeBetter understanding of knowledge and behaviours related to injury prevention. Ideas can be directly applied to a program targeting these countries.
Enhancing surveillance strategies for childhood self-reporting data
Authors: Jepsen S D , Wilkins J R , Crawford J Mac , Koechlin K M , Bean T L 
Published: March 2011

ProblemInvestigators routinely incorporate youth self-report data into cohort studies with variable results. Our study successfully employed strategies to ensure data quality and reduce participant fatigue.MethodsA longitudinal study of rural youth aged 9–18 years was conducted to develop multivariable risk prediction models of agricultural related injuries at the same time collecting unintentional injury data for children exposed to agricultural hazards. Over 400 youth were involved in a 13-week cohort study. During this time period, each person interacted with researchers in a multitude of ways to remain engaged in the study, avoid reporting fatigue, and deliver quality self-reported data.ResultsTo obtain study results, youth (and their consenting parents) received letters of invitation. Once enrolled, the study team met face-to-face with each subject to describe the reporting process. Complimentary to completing a daily record book, youth had weekly interaction with an electronic toll free phone system. If the youth did not phone in, the system called them until contact was made. Additional incentives included a personal wristwatch, monetary incentives for each week data was submitted, and lottery opportunity to win sport tickets.ConclusionSemilogarithmic plots of rates of all unintentional injuries (US data from 2000) as well as agriculture-related injuries (US and Canadian data from 19 previous studies) graphed as a function of injury severity exhibited linearity. Our cohort reported injury rates 1.4 to 4.3 times higher than national rates, suggesting that our methodology can significantly reduce injury under-reporting.
Using automatic recognition procedure for detecting products from injury DataBase open text records: the case of caustic substances
Authors: Vignally P , Fondi G , Taggi F , Pitidis A 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveIn Italy the EU Injury DataBase (IDB) reports chemical products in 0.9% of home and leisure accidents. The whole European sample reports a similar figure for injury by chemical effect and 0.2% for chemical corrosion injuries. A simplified ED registry on home accidents. The 90% of toxic exposures occur at home. The aim of study is monitoring caustic effects in Italy using automatic recognition of free-text in ED medical databases.MethodsWe created a Stata software program to automatically identify caustic or corrosive injury cases. The procedure has to recognise caustic or corrosive agent within the free text using a agent specific list of keywords. In order to assess the capacity of recognition of this expert system we focused the attention on the sensibility and specificity of the procedure.Results10 hospitals of 6 regions participated at the study. The program identified 112 cases of injury by caustic agents. Checking the cases by quality controls we assessed 99 cases as true positive cases, as to say 0.59% (99% CI 0.45–.76) of the total sample, almost three folds greater than the expected value (p<0.000) from European codified information. False positives were 11.6% of the recognised cases (99% CI 5.1% to 21.5%).ConclusionContrary to our a priori hypothesis the automatic recognition consented a level of individuation of agents with caustic effects significantly much greater than what expected according to the values from current codifications reported in the European database.
Differences in the perception of the need of different components of pre-hospital emergency medical services among different strata in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Moin O , Khan U , Razzak J , Abdul J 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundIn Pakistan, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is in its infancy and only recently has pre-hospital care begun to take shape. There is strong evidence that EMS systems that are both economical and provide fundamental care can improve the overall effectiveness of pre-hospital care.MethodsThis cross sectional study was conducted among physicians, final year medical students, nurses, ambulance drivers and the general public. Physicians, students and nurses of various seniority levels were selected from two teaching hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. A convenience sample of ambulance drivers and general public was selected.Results357 people were interviewed for this study (physicians/students n=192, nurses=41, ambulance drivers=24, general population=100). On a scale of 1–10 all strata scored EMS to be an important part of emergency care (combined mean score 8.21±2.1). All groups supported charges of less than 500 rupees (6 US dollars) for a one time use of an ambulance service (physicians/students=72%, nurses=98%, ambulance drivers=88%, general population=80%). A large portion of each strata agreed that faster ambulances would save more lives (physicians/students=57%, nurses=67%, ambulance drivers=65%, general population=68%). Each group also approved that better equipped ambulances would save more lives (physicians/students=64%, nurses=57%, ambulance drivers=57%, general population=80%).ConclusionEMS is perceived as an important health intervention by providers and users. Effective EMS systems should be integrated into pre-hospital care in Pakistan.
The contribution of an injury data registry system to injury surveillance in rural Iran: community health workers and health authorities views and concerns
Authors: Rezapur-Shahkolai F , Naghavi M , Shokouhi M , Laflamme L 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundInjury prevention and control require that accurate data be continuously gathered, analysed and disseminated. A new injury data registry system has recently been piloted and is in the progress of being implemented in rural areas of Iran. This study aims at highlighting areas of consensus and of differences of opinion between different groups of stakeholders concerning the new registration systems potential for injury surveillance and control.MethodsThis interview-based study gathered the opinions of stakeholders from national, provincial, and district levels, including community health workers (called Behvarzes) concerning the acceptance, functioning and potential for injury prevention of the new system. The answers provided by all respondents except for the heads of villages are considered (64 Behvarzes and 27 other stakeholders). Attention was paid to the answers provided regarding the acceptance of the injury information system; the weaknesses and strengths identified, and the facilitators and barriers for it to be integrated into the work of the community health workers.ResultsMost Behvarzes (53 of 64) and about half of the other stakeholders (13 of 27) expressed positive opinions regarding their acceptance of the system. Consensuses between the two groups of respondents were stronger regarding the potential of the system to determine the incidence of specific types of injuries; and also the sex and age related injury distributions. Most interviewees also considered that the system could provide data of interest for future injury control and prevention. The facilitator of the system most frequently mentioned was the Behvarzes, who come from the local community and reside there. Nonetheless, their high workload and multiple tasks in the health house were regarded as likely barriers to their commitment to the system. Behvarzes mentioned that they would appreciate feed back about the information they gather, in the form of for example reports from upper level authorities, in particular about how that information affects injury control and prevention at community level.
Findings of a injury surveillance programme done in a rural district setup in India
Authors: Jayaram A , Gururaj G , Rajanna M S , Venkatesh P 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionWith many stakeholders in the collection of information on injuries it is very essential to have an effective surveillance system that combines data from different sources. Injury surveillance programmes in the developing world is a rarity. Hence the exact burden, types and strategies for prevention of injuries in the developing countries like is India is lacking. An initiative to start an injury surveillance programme was taken up by the WHO collaborating centre at National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences, Bangalore.Aim and ObjectivesTo present the findings of the injury surveillance programme done in representative health institutions in a rural district setup in India.MethodologyInjury surveillance data collected from casualty departments of a rural district hospital, Medical College Hospital, 2 community and 3 primary health centres were collected for a period of more than 2 years. A standardised format developed by the Bangalore Injury surveillance programme was used for collecting the surveillance data. The data was entered into Epi Info and later analysed.ResultsA total of 2146 injuries were analysed. Road traffic injuries constituted the major burden accounting for more than 50% of all injuries recorded. The second commonest cause of injury was assault (20%) followed by poisoning (12%). The distribution of injuries with regard to intent, severity, first-aid received, mode of transport used to reach the hospital and number of hospital visited were analysed. The road traffic injuries with regard to the type of roads and road user category were analysed. The findings will be presented in the conference.
Psychological approach of antisocial behaviours and associated risk-taking behaviours
Authors: Bernadet S 
Published: March 2011

Associated with antisocial behaviours, new dangerous practices seem to emerge among adolescents in France (asphyxial games, binge drinking). Several researches considered individual factors leading adolescents to seek risky situations. However, few of them came to distinguish profiles of risk-taking depending on the type of declared dangerous practices.ObjectiveDistinguish different risk-taking profiles among adolescents and specify involved individual features (personality, perceived stress, coping strategies,) in each profile.Method276 middle and high school students, aged between 12 and 16. Self-assessment: Exploratory Questionnaire on risk-taking behaviours, Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (Luby, 1999), Coping Across Situation Questionnaire (Seiffge-Krenke et al, 2008), Children Depression Inventory for Children (Kovack & Beck, 1977), State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (Spielberger, 1983). Preliminary results underline three profiles of risk-taking. 26.1% of the adolescents reported antisocial behaviours, 31.2% declared antisocial and substance use behaviours and 10.5% reported antisocial behaviours associated with substance use behaviours and dangerous games. High depressive and anxious symptomatology, high novelty-seeking, use of avoidant coping strategies as well as low individual and social maturity were associated to adolescents engaging several forms of risk-taking behaviours. Likewise Jessors general syndrome of deviance according, this study shows that selected individual factors might be indicators of a general syndrome of risk-taking. Adolescents presenting this kind of psychological functioning would be more likely to seek risky situations in several fields in their life. These results would help to define well-focused preventive strategies.
Evaluation the risk of violence between individuals with paranoid disorder
Authors: Filov I , Raleva M , Peshevska D J 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionThe connection between psychiatric disorders and aggressive behaviour, especially homicides, as extreme shape of human aggression, is confirmed with many surveys. The purpose of the investigation is to analyse psycho pathological, psychological and social characteristics of subgroups of patients, which have been diagnosed as paranoid states and which is with risk of aggressive manifestation, including homicides.Material and MethodsThe investigation was conducted in the Psychiatric Hospital- Demir Hisar and the Community Mental Health Centre-Prilep. Experimental and control group has 50 patients. In the first group, the patients were homicide perpetrators, and in the second group, they were not perpetrators of any criminal act. Both groups were submitted to BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), LOBI (List Of Basic Information), Paranoid Scale, Scale of Aggression (Cattel) MM PI and Forensic Questionnaire.ConclusionsInvestigation shows increased values of the most of the variables of the experimental group, compared with the same variables of the control group.DiscussionThe specific psycho pathological variables, which are connected with committing homicide, are anxiety, hostility, grandiosity, aggression, uncooperativeness and excitement. The psychological variables are the increase values of the paranoid symptoms and aggression, socio pathological orientation and the increase value of the hysteric scale. They are separated according to the significance in the homicide desire of the persons with paranoid states. The evaluation of these variables in everyday clinical practice of the persons with paranoid states means the base for prevention and prediction of the aggressive behaviour, including homicide.
Traditions in implementation: case study of falls prevention in a rural health authority
Authors: Brown J , Baker S , Zwerling I 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionRural Health Authorities are challenged to address the complex issue of falls in aging populations. While extensive evidence exists regarding successful falls prevention interventions, there is little information about planning and implementation at an organisational level. This presentation outlines results from research examining falls prevention at a rural health authority.MethodCase study methodology was applied in a phased approach examining development and implementation of the falls prevention strategy. Data collection focused barriers and facilitators experienced by team members, and suggestions to improve processes used. Data collection methods included review of key documents and field notes, participant observation and interviews. The interviews were reviewed, coded and analysed to extract themes.ResultsThe process of strategy development is outlined. The themes for planning reveal the lack of consensus regarding what constitutes a planning process, non-linearity of planning and implementation, and tremendous complexity of barriers and supports. Analysis of implementation identifies themes of the importance of culture within teams and within organisations, a dynamic tension between policy makers and healthcare makers, and competing demands for attention at both individual and organisational levels. Facilitation strategies that contribute to changing everyday practice are discussed, as well as sources of resistance to change.ConclusionsThis research provides insight for health organisations addressing falls in aging populations, particularly in rural areas which lack well developed resources and traditions for implementation of evidence in routine practices. Translating evidence into everyday practice for injury prevention is complex, and easily overwhelmed by competing demands.
Using framing theory to unite the injury field and add power to our voices
Authors: Mitchko J , Holmes W 
Published: March 2011

OverviewCDCs National Center for Injury Prevention and Control sought to identify a new approach to communicating about injury and violence and unite the field of injury around a central message.MethodsCDC used framing theory to develop messages that would have the greatest impact as they present injury in a way that reflects broad and deeply held societal values. Over the last several years, CDC has developed an overarching frame, “we want a society where people can live to their full potential” and frame-based messages on a variety of injury and violence-related topics. The frame and messages were tested with injury representatives, policy makers and the general public using focus groups, in-depth interviews and trainings (in person and webinars). Participants identified with the message framing of living to their full potential and helping others to do the same. Based on the findings, “Adding Power to Our Voices,” a framing guide (www.cdc.gov/injury/framingguide.html), was developed, giving specific guidance and communication tools to help injury professional connect specific injury issues to the full potential frame so as to create a unified injury message.Results and EvaluationCDC's injury framing initiative has been well received and has been adopted by CDC staff and partners. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation is currently underway to assess the implementation and use of the injury framing approach. Findings from the evaluation will be presented and will be used to further enhance the injury framing tools and their use.
Pan American Health Organization Collaborating Centres for violence and injury prevention
Authors: Rodrigues E , Guedes A , Maurice P , Gutierrez M I , Hijar M , Smith S , Tran N , Ballesteros M , Peres M F Tourinho 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveRoad traffic injuries and violence continue to be important public health problems throughout the Americas. This workshop will describe the role World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) Collaborating Centers (CC) play in supporting WHOs goals for violence and injury prevention in the Americas, particularly in achieving the 2011 strategic objectives for the region.Materials and MethodsCCs form an inter-institutional collaborative network with seven centres in the PAHO region, which work in the area of Violence and Injury Prevention. PAHO has developed a strategic plan that establishes targets for regional expected results (RER) targeting the development of institutional capacity at the national level, development and implementation of national plans for violence prevention and road safety, strengthening of information systems, and conducting cost analysis.ResultsIn 2009, the PAHO countries had increased their institutional capacity for violence and injury prevention, they had implemented National Plans for violence prevention and road safety, also had established systems for the collection and management of data on violence and road traffic injuries, and they carried out work to understand the cost of injuries. To identify strategies for improving upon these indicators, a meeting of CCs was convened in Sao Paulo in November 2009; targets for 2011 for these indicators were established.Discussion and ConclusionTo reach the 2011 targets and adequately address violence prevention and road safety promotion, countries need to learn from each others successes and work together. CC will continue supporting PAHO to achieve these goals.