bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can bottle design prevent bacterial contamination of nasal irrigation devices?
Authors: Foreman Andrew , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundSaline nasal irrigation is a mainstay in the medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with proven efficacy. However, bacterial contamination of irrigation bottles has recently been reported and this may contribute to recurrent infections. Sterilization is effective but could a change in bottle design obviate the need for regular sterilization?MethodsA total of 20 stable CRS patients were given a NasalCare® (Techworld Corporation, Inc., Downington, PA) irrigation bottle to use regularly for 1 week. This bottle incorporates a 1‐way valve to prevent irrigant regurgitation. Swabs were taken from their sinonasal cavity and 3 sites on the bottle—nozzle, valve, and inner surface.ResultsThis study cultured a range of organisms from all sites of the bottle, including common CRS pathogens such as S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. Whereas the bottle's inner surface had the lowest bacterial recovery rate, the frequent culture of organisms at this site suggests a 1‐way valve cannot completely prevent irrigant reflux. The high rate of organism detection at the nozzle and valve of the bottle is concerning, as bacteria at these sites may be transported to the nose during nasal douching.ConclusionSaline irrigation will continue to be an essential component of CRS management. However, despite employing a 1‐way liquid valve in this study, nasal irrigation bottles can still become contaminated with bacteria. Thus, patient education, irrespective of bottle design, will be essential in preventing bacterial contamination of nasal irrigation devices. The results of our survey suggest this message is not getting across to our patients. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Wenn C‐H‐Bindungen sprechen könnten – selektive Oxidationen von C‐H‐Bindungen
Authors: Newhouse Timothy , Baran Phil S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDie C‐H‐Oxidation hat eine lange Geschichte und ist seit jeher Teil der Spitzenforschung in der Chemie und verwandten Gebieten. Folgerichtig wurde bereits eine große Zahl sehr nützlicher Originalbeiträge und Übersichten zu diesem Thema veröffentlicht. Logischerweise wurden diese Artikel im Allgemeinen mit Blick auf die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Grenzen der verwendeten Reagentien geschrieben. Ziel dieses Kurzaufsatzes ist es hingegen, stattdessen die durch die Eigenschaften der Substrate hervorgerufene Chemoselektivität herauszuarbeiten. Dies bringt es mit sich, dass viele bahnbrechende Entdeckungen auf dem Gebiet der C‐H‐Oxidationen nicht behandelt werden; die hier eingenommene Sichtweise wird aber hoffentlich eine schnellere Aufnahme von C‐H‐Oxidationsreaktionen in Syntheseplanungen ermöglichen.
If CH Bonds Could Talk: Selective CH Bond Oxidation
Authors: Newhouse Timothy , Baran Phil S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCH oxidation has a long history and an ongoing presence in research at the forefront of chemistry and interrelated fields. As such, numerous highly useful articles and reviews have been written on this subject. Logically, these are generally written from the perspective of the scope and limitations of the reagents employed. This Minireview instead attempts to emphasize chemoselectivity imposed by the nature of the substrate. Consequently, many landmark discoveries in the field of CH oxidation are not discussed, but hopefully the perspective taken herein will allow CH oxidation reactions to be more readily incorporated into synthetic planning.
Tensile fatigue, stress relaxation, and creep behaviors of worsted core spun yarns
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Siddhartha , Ghosh Anindya , Ali Syed Yusuf 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe objective of this research was to investigate the time‐dependent behaviors of yarns, which have significant bearings upon the properties of stretch fabrics made from them. In this study, 100% wool, wool–lycra (W‐L) (97 : 3), and polyester–wool–lycra (P‐W‐L) (52 : 45 : 3) blended yarns were considered. These yarns were subjected to the tensile fatigue failure, stress relaxation, and creep experiments. The findings showed that of these three yarns, P‐W‐L blend exhibited maximum fatigue lifetime, stress retention, and creep recovery, the pure wool yarn followed suit albeit to a lesser extent, whereas the W‐L blend made it least. The investigation suggests that wool alone with lycra as a core component is not sufficient to impart the expected properties upon stretch fabrics, rather a blend of polyester and wool with lycra as in the former would definitely make a worthwhile product. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Calculation of water ingress in a HV subsea XLPE cable with a layered water barrier sheath system
Authors: Hellesø S. M. , Hvidsten S. , Balog G. , Furuheim K. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe main aging mechanism of electrical cables with polymeric electrical insulation is the growth of water trees. Water trees are initiated if the relative humidity (RH) in the electrical insulation is above a critical level. Delaying the water ingress into the electrical insulation system delays the water tree initiation and reduces water tree growth, thus extending the service life of the cable. For a cable without any metallic water barrier, the water ingress can be significantly delayed by the use of an outer sheath material with low water permeability. An even greater delay in the water ingress into the electrical insulation can be achieved using a layered sheath system. To explore the possibilities of a layered sheath system, calculations of water ingress into a typical cable cross section has been performed using a finite element method. The water diffusion and sorption data used in the calculation has been measured for typical cable materials. Calculations have been performed for uniform temperature conditions and for a temperature gradient due to resistive current heating. The time to reach critical humidity levels and stationary humidity levels in the insulation system has been determined for several different arrangements of the sheath system. A sheath system with an outer layer of a material with low water permeability and an inner layer of a material with a high water absorption capacity is shown to give a significant delay of the water ingress into the electrical insulation. For the sheath materials used in this study, there is an optimum distribution of thickness of each layer. The calculations also show that a temperature gradient across the insulation system of a cable in operation gives an advantageous RH profile. With a temperature gradient the equilibrium RH level in parts of the electrical insulation can be lower than the critical value for water tree initiation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Compatibilizing polyimide/silica hybrids by alkoxisilane‐terminated oligoimides: Morphology–Properties relationships
Authors: Ragosta Giuseppe , Musto Pellegrino , Abbate Mario , Scarinzi Gennaro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA fluorinated polyimide (PI), synthesized from 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether, was used as matrix for the preparation of PI/silica hybrids. The inorganic phase was obtained in situ by a sol–gel route with tetraethoxysilane as precursor. Both micron‐ and nano‐scale hybrids were obtained depending on the interfacial interaction between the organic and inorganic phases. To promote such interaction a compatibilizing agent was synthesized, in the form of an alkoxisilane‐terminated oligoimide. Both the PI and the coupling agent were characterized by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies and by GPC measurements. The effect of the coupling agent on the morphology of the hybrids and on the size of the silica particles was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The viscoelastic, mechanical, and thermal properties of hybrid composites were studied. It was shown that by adding appropriate amounts of the compatibilizer it was possible to control the morphology and to obtain homogeneous nanostructured systems. A general improvement of the mechanical performances and of the thermal stability was demonstrated, together with an increase of Tg, which was found more pronounced for the nanocomposites than for the microcomposites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis of novel biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) copolyesters composing of isosorbide and poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang , Zhou Weihua , Wei Junchao , Ye Suwen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of biodegradable isosorbide‐based copolyesters poly(butylene succinate‐co‐isosorbide succinate‐co‐polyethyleneoxide succinate) (PBxIyEzS) were synthesized via bulk polycondensation in the presence of dimethyl succinate (DMS), 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and isosorbide (ISO). The crystallization behaviors, crystal structure and spherulite morphology of the copolyesters were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM), respectively. The results indicate that the crystallization behavior of the copolyesters was influenced by the content of isosorbide succinate (IS) and polyethyleneoxide succinate (PEOS) units, which further tuned the mechanical and biodegradable properties of the copolyesters. The PBxIyEzS copolyesters, compared to pure poly(butylene succinate), showed lower crystallization temperature, melting temperature, degree of crystallinity and degradation rate while a significant increase in glass transition temperature with increasing isosorbide content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Temperature dependence and fracture criterion of mixed mode I/II fracture toughness of phenolic resin for friction material
Authors: Araki Wakako , Shintaku Hiroki , Ohashi Hiroyuki , Horiuchi Yoshiki , Arai Yoshio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study, the temperature dependence of the mixed‐mode fracture toughness of the phenolic resin for friction materials is investigated. For pure mode I, the fracture toughness decreases as the temperature increases, and it increases again after showing its minimum value. For pure mode II, the fracture toughness shows a similar trend but has its minimum value at a higher temperature. The temperature dependence of the mixed‐mode fracture toughness varies depending on the mode mixity, which is attributed to the different sensitivity to the relaxation phenomenon. At room temperature, as the fracture toughness for pure mode I and II are almost the same, the fracture locus shows a circular arc. At elevated temperatures, the locus becomes smaller and noncircular. At high temperature, the fracture locus shows an elliptical arc, where the fracture toughness for pure mode II is smaller than that for mode I. An empirical fracture criterion based on the time‐temperature dependence of the resin is proposed, and the proposed method successfully predicts the fracture toughness under various conditions of the temperature, time, and mode mixity. The crack initiation angles, on the other hand, are almost consistent regardless of the temperature, which agree with the maximum hoop stress theory. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Tuning the thermoresponsive properties of hyperbranched poly(ester amide)s based on diisopropanolamine and cyclic dicarboxylic anhydrides
Authors: Kelland Malcolm A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA range of water‐soluble hyperbranched poly(ester amide)s has been synthesized with a view to studying their thermoresponsive behavior in water. Poly(ester amide)s with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) values around physiological temperatures are of interest for biological and medical applications, whereas poly(ester amide)s with high LCST values may be useful as kinetic hydrate inhibitors for high salinity produced fluids in the oil and gas industry. The LCST of these polymers was measured as the optical cloud point. The LCST can be tuned in various ways for these applications, for example, by varying the hydrophobicity of the groups on the cyclic anhydride monomer or by adjusting the hydrophilicity of the imine used to make the peripheral groups of the polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation and efficacy of tumor vasculature‐targeted doxorubicin cationic liposomes coated by N‐trimethyl chitosan
Authors: Guo Xian‐Xi , He Wen , Wang Xiao‐Qin , Hu Xian‐Ming 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCationic liposomes (CLs) can accumulate in tumor vascular endothelial cells (VECs) to show high selective targeting ability. Therefore, chemotherapeutic agent‐loaded CLs are considered as new therapeutic vehicles to enhance the treatment efficacy. This study investigated the effect of N‐trimethyl chitosan (TMC), one of derivatives of chitosan with positive charge determined by its degree of quaternization (DQ), on preparing doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded CLs. TMCs with various DQ, i.e., 20% (TMC20), 40% (TMC40), and 60% (TMC60) were synthesized and characterized by 1HNMR. DOX‐loaded liposomes (DOXL) were prepared by ammonium sulfate gradients followed by TMC‐coating to obtain TMC‐coated DOXL with various positive surface charges. The morphology, size, ζ‐potential and drug release in vitro of TMC‐coated DOXL were studied compared with those of DOXL. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as cell model, the vascular targeting ability of TMC‐coated DOXL was evaluated in vitro. A solid tumor, formed by implantationmurine hepatoma cells (H22) into mice, as tumor model, the tumor inhibition rate and tumor histological sections stained by HE of TMC‐coated DOXL group were researched compared with those of free DOX and DOXL group. It was found that with the increase of TMC's DQ, the positive surface charge of TMC‐coated DOXL was enhanced accordingly, which had little effect on DOX release in vitro while led to the significant increase of DOX uptake by HUVECs in vitro and the treatment effect on solid tumor in vivo. Especially, TMC‐coated DOXL showed better targeting ability to the nuclei compared with free DOX and DOXL, which could further enhance the efficacy of DOX in vivo. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of different aromatic amines on the crosslinking behavior and thermal properties of phthalonitrile oligomer containing biphenyl ethernitrile
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Zhang Jiandong , Lei Yajie , Zhong Jiachun , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTo find a proper amine to promote the processability of phthalonitrile‐based composites, three different aromatic amines: 4‐aminophenoxyphthalonitrile (APN), 2,6‐bis (4‐diaminobenzoxy) benzonitrile (BDB) and 4,4′‐diaminediphenyl sulfone (DDS) were used as curing agents to investigate the crosslinking behavior and thermal decomposition behavior of phthalonitrile oligomer containing biphenyl ethernitrile (2PEN‐BPh). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and dynamic rheological analysis were employed to study the curing reaction behavior of the phthalonitrile/amine blends and prepolymers. The studies revealed that BDB was the preferred curing agent and the preferred concentration of BDB was 3 wt %. The thermal properties of the 2PEN‐BPh polymers were monitored by TGA, and the results indicated that all the completely cured 2PEN‐BPh polymers maintained good structure integrity upon heating to elevated temperatures and these polymers could thermal stabilize up to over 550°C in both air and nitrogen atmospheres. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed the glass transition temperature (Tg) exceeded 450°C when the 2PEN‐BPh polymer post cured at 375°C for 8 h. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Rapid intercalation of sustainable resource‐based linseed oil fatty amide—A polymer precursor in cloisite® 93A by microwave‐assisted method
Authors: Riaz Ufana , Ahmad Sharif 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe present study reports a novel approach for the rapid intercalation of linseed oil‐derived fatty amide (LFA) in organo‐montmorillonite (OMMT)‐Cloisite® 93A. The intercalation of LFA (0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt %) in Cloisite® 93A was carried by varying the microwave irradiation time from 30 to 90 s. X‐ray diffraction studies confirmed that microwave irradiation resulted in higher intercalation in a shorter reaction time. The basal spacings were shifted from 12.34 to 16.45 Å on microwave irradiation for 30 s while exfoliation occurred at and beyond 60 s exposure. Controlled morphology of the nanohybrids was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis on microwave irradiation for 30 s. This biomodified Cloisite® 93A could be used for the preparation of polyesters, polyesteramides, and polyurethanes of controlled morphology for various applications in biomedicine. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
UKF based in‐flight calibration of magnetometers and rate gyros for pico satellite attitude determination
Authors: Söken Halil Ersin , Hajiyev Chingiz 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper an unscented Kalman filter based procedure for the bias estimation of both the magnetometers and the gyros carried onboard a pico satellite, is proposed. At the initial phase, biases of three orthogonally located magnetometers are estimated as well as the attitude and attitude rates of the satellite. During the initial period after the orbit injection, gyro measurements are accepted as bias free since the precise gyros are working accurately and the accumulated gyro biases are negligible. At the second phase estimated constant magnetometer bias components are taken into account and the algorithm is run for the estimation of the gyro biases that are cumulatively increased by time. As a result, six different bias terms for two different sensors are obtained in two stages, where attitude and attitude rates are estimated regularly. For both estimation phases of the procedure an unscented Kalman filter is used as the estimation algorithm.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
New bioengineering insights into human neural precursor cell expansion in culture
Authors: Baghbaderani Behnam A. , Behie Leo A. , Mukhida Karim , Hong Murray , Mendez Ivar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUnderstanding initial cell growth, interactions associated with the process of expansion of human neural precursor cells (hNPCs), and cellular events pre‐ and postdifferentiation are important for developing bioprocessing protocols to reproducibly generate multipotent cells that can be used in basic research or the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we report the in vitro responses of telencephalon hNPCs grown in a serum‐free growth medium using time‐lapse live imaging as well as cell‐surface marker, aggregate size, and immunocytochemical analyses. Time‐lapse analysis of hNPC initial expansion indicated that cell‐surface attachment in stationary culture and the frequency of cell–cell interaction in suspension conditions are important for subsequent aggregate formation and hNPC growth. In the absence of cell‐surface attachment in low‐attachment stationary culture, large aggregates of cells were formed and expansion was adversely affected. The majority of the telencephalon hNPCs expressed CD29, CD90, and CD44 (cell surface markers involved in cell‐ECM and cell–cell interactions to regulate biological functions such as proliferation), suggesting that cell‐surface attachment and cell–cell interactions play a significant role in the subsequent formation of cell aggregates and the expansion of hNPCs. Before differentiation, about 90% of the cells stained positive for nestin and expressed two neural precursor cells surface markers (CD133 and CD24). Upon withdrawal of growth cytokines, hNPCs first underwent cell division and then differentiated preferentially towards a neuronal rather than a glial phenotype. This study provides key information regarding human NPC behavior under different culture conditions and favorable culture conditions that are important in establishing reproducible hNPC expansion protocols. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011.
Efficacy and safety of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention within twelve hours of fibrinolysis
Authors: Belle Loic , Fourny Magali , Reynaud Thomas , Hammer Laure , Vanzetto Gérald , Labarère José ,   on behalf of the RENAU‐RESURCOR study investigators
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective: To compare clinical outcomes between glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and nonrecipients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 hr of fibrinolysis. Background: Despite limited evidence, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists are widely used in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing routine early or rescue PCI after fibrinolysis. Methods: We evaluated 87 and 556 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and nonrecipients enrolled in a regional registry of STEMI between October 2002 and December 2005. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of death from any cause, reinfarction, and stroke at 1 year of follow‐up. The primary safety endpoint was the rate of in‐hospital major bleeding that was not related to coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: The primary efficacy endpoint occurred in 12% (10 of 81) and 13% (72 of 525) of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and nonrecipients, respectively (P = 0.74). The corresponding rates of major bleeding during index hospitalization were 4.8% (4 of 84) and 5.1% (28 of 544) (P = 0.88), respectively. Two glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and five nonrecipients experienced intracranial hemorrhage. After adjusting for propensity score, the odds of primary efficacy (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–1.83) and safety (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.22–2.62) endpoints did not differ according to the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists. Conclusion: In this observational cohort study of unselected patients with STEMI, the administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists provided no additional benefit to PCI performed within 12 hr of fibrinolysis, nor did it compromise patient safety. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.