bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stream exports of coarse matter and phosphorus following wildfire in NE Victoria, Australia
Authors: Noske Philip J. , Lane Patrick N. J. , Sheridan Gary J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe temporal change in total phosphorus (TP) export from two burnt upland catchments is reported. Following wildfire in January 2003, two burnt forested headwater catchments (136 and 244 ha) in the East Kiewa valley, Victoria, were instrumented to measure discharge, turbidity and to collect stream water samples. In addition, samplers were positioned in the stream bed at the outlet of each catchment to continuously sample material transported along the bed of the stream. Approximately, every 2 weeks, the material collected by the stream bed samplers was weighed and sub‐sampled. The percentage of coarse (>1 and < 5 mm in diameter) mineral (including soil aggregates) and organic matter was determined and then analysed for TP. Between the first and third years after fire, sampled coarse matter and associated TP loads decreased by an average of 53% and 62%, respectively. Over the 3‐year study, the amount of coarse matter exported during winter/spring decreased considerably, whereas export rates during summer/autumn remained relatively constant. Coarse matter exports were estimated to be approaching pre‐fire levels after 3–4 years. Results on total suspended solids (TSS) TP and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) from a parallel study are incorporated to explore TP partitioning. TP exported with TSS dominated the total TP export loads, with coarse matter TP and TDP each contributing approximately 10% over the study period. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotopes and geochemistry in a managed aquifer recharge scheme: a case study of fresh water injection at the Damascus University Campus, Syria
Authors: Kattan Z. , Kadkoy N. , Nasser S. , Safadi M. , Hamed A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA combination of stable isotopes (18O and 2H) and hydrochemistry has been applied to investigate storage processes in relation to aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) of the shallow alluvial Quaternary aquifer in Damascus basin. The stored water, entirely taken from the Figeh springs during flood periods, was injected in a single well having a brackish groundwater. Water samples were collected from four observation wells drilled in the Damascus University Campus (DUC) site during a 3‐year period (2006–2008). The injectant water, which deviates in its chemical and isotopic signatures from that of the ambient groundwater, shows that the stored water plume remains within close proximity to the injection well (IW) (<≈ 100 m). Thus, only two wells (W13 and W14) located at a distance less than 80 m from the injection point were affected by this injection. The observation wells located at longer distances from the IW (≈145 m and ≈ 600 m for wells W15 and WHz, respectively) were completely unaffected by the injection. Although most of the chemical and isotopic parameters usefully reflected the mixing process that occurs between the injectant water and ambient groundwater, the stable isotope (18O) and chloride (Cl−) were the most sensitive parameters that quickly reflect this signature. Using a simple mass balance, the calculated proportion of injectant water reaching the well W13 was in the range of 50–90%. This proportion was even lower (30–55%) in the case of well W14. Although the drought event prevailing during this study did not much help to inject further amounts of water, higher than the injected volume (0·2416 M m3) and also not favourable to better evaluate the fate and subsurface hydrological processes, these findings offer encouragement to continue the ASR activities, as an alternative way for better management of water resources in this basin facing intensive problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Snow accumulation distribution inferred from time‐lapse photography and simple modelling
Authors: Farinotti Daniel , Magnusson Jan , Huss Matthias , Bauder Andreas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe spatial and temporal distribution of snow accumulation is complex and significantly influences the hydrological characteristics of mountain catchments. Many snow redistribution processes, such as avalanching, slushflow or wind drift, are controlled by topography, but their modelling remains challenging. In situ measurements of snow accumulation are laborious and generally have a coarse spatial or temporal resolution. In this respect, time‐lapse photography shows itself as a powerful tool for collecting information at relatively low cost and without the need for direct field access. In this paper, the snow accumulation distribution of an Alpine catchment is inferred by adjusting a simple snow accumulation model combined with a temperature index melt model to match the modelled melt‐out pattern evolution to the pattern monitored during an ablation season through terrestrial oblique photography. The comparison of the resulting end‐of‐winter snow water equivalent distribution with direct measurements shows that the achieved accuracy is comparable with that obtained with an inverse distance interpolation of the point measurements. On average over the ablation season, the observed melt‐out pattern can be reproduced correctly in 93% of the area visible from the fixed camera. The relations between inferred snow accumulation distribution and topographic variables indicate large scatter. However, a significant correlation with local slope is found and terrain curvature is detected as a factor limiting the maximal snow accumulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional flood frequency analysis using residual kriging in physiographical space
Authors: Nezhad M. Kamali , Chokmani K. , Ouarda T. B. M. J. , Barbet M. , Bruneau P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this article, an approach using residual kriging (RK) in physiographical space is proposed for regional flood frequency analysis. The physiographical space is constructed using physiographical/climatic characteristics of gauging basins by means of canonical correlation analysis (CCA). This approach is a modified version of the original method, based on ordinary kriging (OK). It is intended to handle effectively any possible spatial trends within the hydrological variables over the physiographical space. In this approach, the trend is first quantified and removed from the hydrological variable by a quadratic spatial regression. OK is therefore applied to the regression residual values. The final estimated value of a specific quantile at an ungauged station is the sum of the spatial regression estimate and the kriged residual. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, a cross‐validation procedure is applied. Results of the proposed method indicate that RK in CCA physiographical space leads to more efficient estimates of regional flood quantiles when compared to the original approach and to a straightforward regression‐based estimator. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Above‐stream microclimate and stream surface energy exchanges in a wildfire‐disturbed riparian zone
Authors: Leach J. A. , Moore R. D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStream temperature and riparian microclimate were characterized for a 1·5 km wildfire‐disturbed reach of Fishtrap Creek, located north of Kamloops, British Columbia. A deterministic net radiation model was developed using hemispherical canopy images coupled with on‐site microclimate measurements. Modelled net radiation agreed reasonably with measured net radiation. Air temperature and humidity measured at two locations above the stream, separated by 900 m, were generally similar, whereas wind speed was poorly correlated between the two sites. Modelled net radiation varied considerably along the reach, and measurements at a single location did not provide a reliable estimate of the modelled reach average. During summer, net radiation dominated the surface heat exchanges, particularly because the sensible and latent heat fluxes were normally of opposite sign and thus tended to cancel each other. All surface heat fluxes shifted to negative values in autumn and were of similar magnitude through winter. In March, net radiation became positive, but heat gains were cancelled by sensible and latent heat fluxes, which remained negative. A modelling exercise using three canopy cover scenarios (current, simulated pre‐wildfire and simulated complete vegetation removal) showed that net radiation under the standing dead trees was double that modelled for the pre‐fire canopy cover. However, post‐disturbance standing dead trees reduce daytime net radiation reaching the stream surface by one‐third compared with complete vegetation removal. The results of this study have highlighted the need to account for reach‐scale spatial variability of energy exchange processes, especially net radiation, when modelling stream energy budgets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antecedent soil moisture conditions of different soil types in South‐western Ontario, Canada
Authors: Nishat S. , Guo Y. , Baetz B. W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSoil moisture conditions prior to input design storms need to be known in the planning and design of urban stormwater control facilities using the design storm approach. Limited information is available on these soil moisture conditions which are commonly referred to as the antecedent soil moisture conditions. In this study, a deterministic continuous simulation model was used to simulate antecedent soil moisture conditions under south‐western Ontario, Canada, climate conditions. A wide range of different soil types were investigated and various statistical analyses on the simulated antecedent soil moisture results were performed. Frequency analyses illustrated typical distributions of antecedent soil moisture conditions and the influence of finer and coarser textured soil particles. Empirical equations were developed for the estimation of average antecedent soil moisture conditions based on commonly known soil characteristics. Satisfactory performance of the empirical equations was demonstrated by comparing between field average antecedent soil moisture data and empirically estimated average antecedent soil moisture values. These equations are therefore recommended for use in urban stormwater studies incorporating the design storm approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in metastatic oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Vered Marilena , Dayan Dan , Yahalom Ran , Dobriyan Alex , Barshack Iris , Bello Ibrahim O. , Kantola Saara , Salo Tuula 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe examined cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and a panel of immunohistochemical markers of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in 19 pair‐matched oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and metastatic tumors to regional lymph nodes (RLNs). α‐Smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) was studied to identify CAFs. EMT was studied with syndecan‐1, Cadherin‐11, fibroblast‐specific protein (FSP)‐1, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and Twist. Triple immunostaining in RLNs was used to highlight the carcinoma cells (E‐cadherin and Ki‐67) and their relationship to the CAFs (α‐SMA). We found that metastatic RLNs hosted CAFs similarly as in pair‐matched primary tumors. Expression of EMT markers is common in both primary and metastatic tumors. We demonstrate that metastatic carcinoma cells (Ki‐67 positive) downregulate E‐cadherin expression at the periphery of cancer islands, where they are in direct contact with CAFs. The supporting connective tissue microenvironment also commonly expresses syndecan‐1, Cadherin‐11, FSP‐1, and SPARC. In conclusion, CAFs are common to both primary and metastatic SCC. We hypothesize that CAFs not only promote tumor invasion but also facilitate metastases, either by cometastasizing and/or being recruited to lymph nodes. Evidence of EMT is common within primary tumors and metastatic SCC and may be further modulated by CAFs.
Scanning fiber endoscopy with highly flexible, 1 mm catheterscopes for wide‐field, full‐color imaging
Authors: Lee Cameron M. , Engelbrecht Christoph J. , Soper Timothy D. , Helmchen Fritjof , Seibel Eric J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn modern endoscopy, wide field of view and full color are considered necessary for navigating inside the body, inspecting tissue for disease and guiding interventions such as biopsy or surgery. Current flexible endoscope technologies suffer from reduced resolution when device diameter shrinks. Endoscopic procedures today, using coherent fiber‐bundle technology on the scale of 1 mm, are performed with such poor image quality that the clinician's vision meets the criteria for legal blindness. Here, we review a new and versatile scanning fiber‐imaging technology and describe its implementation for ultrathin and flexible endoscopy. This scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) or catheterscope enables high‐quality, laser‐based, video imaging for ultrathin clinical applications, while also providing new options forin vivobiological research of subsurface tissue and high resolution fluorescence imaging. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PLGA conduit seeded with olfactory ensheathing cells for bridging sciatic nerve defect of rats
Authors: Li Bing‐Cang , Jiao Shu‐Sheng , Xu Chuan , You Hua , Chen Jian‐Mei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPLGA is thought to be a promising material for nerve scaffold. OECs have been shown to promote axon outgrowth and myelination following peripheral nerve transection. This study assessed the compatibility between PLGA and OECs in vitro, and evaluated the effect of PLGA conduit filled with OECs and extracellular matrix gel (ECM) (POE group) on 10 mm‐defect sciatic nerve of rats. Silicon‐OECs—EMC (SOE group), PLGA‐ECM (PE group), and silicon‐ECM (SE group)—were used as the controls. The survival and distribution of OECs in vivo, neurohistology and neurofunction of the bridged nerve, were quantitatively evaluated from 1 week to 12 weeks after surgery. PLGA possessed complete compatibility with OECs. After implantation, OECs migrated along the axis of the nerve and survived longer in the POE group than in the SOE group. Gross recovery of the animal, like ulcerious and autophagical rate as well as relative diameter recovery rate of the fiber, was more successful in the POE group than in other groups. The number of the fiber in the middle and distal segments of bridged sites and neurons in anterior horn of the spinal cord was increased in both OECs‐contained groups, but the diameter and the myeline thickness of the fiber were increased only in the POE group. The nerve conduction velocity and the amplitude of compound muscle active potential were improved much successfully in the PLGA‐guided group than in the silicon‐guided group, but the best improvement was encountered in the POE group. Sciatic function index was not improved in all groups at 12 weeks after surgery due to the injury model. These results suggested that PLGA filled with OECs is a significant alternative to conventional autograft in repairing peripheral nerve defects, and OECs are potential seed cells for peripheral nerve tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Extracellular matrix proteins and astrocyte‐derived soluble factors influence the differentiation and proliferation of adult neural progenitor cells
Authors: Ariza Carlos Atico , McHugh Kyle P. , White Steven J. , Sakaguchi Donald S. , Mallapragada Surya K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo control the differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), the synergistic influence of topography, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and soluble factors were investigated. Previously, in our laboratory, astrocyte‐derived soluble factors were found to promote differentiation of adult hippocampal progenitor cells (AHPCs) into neurons when grown on a laminin substrate (Oh et al., J Biomed Mater Res A 2009;91:575–585). Here, we determined that the ECM protein on which AHPCs are cultured does not seem to alter this neurogenic effect or the differentiation of AHPCs when grown alone. However, AHPCs cultured on ECL (a combination of entactin, collagen, and laminin) in the presence of soluble factors from hippocampal astrocytes, differentiated into a significantly greater percentage of oligodendrocytes (∼34% on ECL vs. ∼19% on laminin). Furthermore, a concomitant decrease in the percentage of proliferating cells was observed on the ECL (∼38% on ECL vs. ∼55% on laminin). In addition, the increase in AHPC differentiation into oligodendrocytes on ECL occurred only in the presence of soluble factors from astrocytes, and not when AHPCs were cultured alone. Finally, we demonstrated that micro‐scale topography did not influence the phenotypic differentiation in all conditions tested. These results show that a combination of astrocyte‐derived soluble factors and ECM can dramatically affect the differentiation and proliferation of NPCs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Osteoconductivity of modified fluorcanasite glass–ceramics for bone tissue augmentation and repair
Authors: Bandyopadhyay‐Ghosh S. , Faria P. E. P. , Johnson A. , Felipucci D. N. B. , Reaney I. M. , Salata L. A. , Brook I. M. , Hatton P. V. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractModified fluorcanasite glasses were fabricated by either altering the molar ratios of Na2O and CaO or by adding P2O5 to the parent stoichiometric glass compositions. Glasses were converted to glass–ceramics by a controlled two‐stage heat treatment process. Rods (2 mm × 4 mm) were produced using the conventional lost‐wax casting technique. Osteoconductive 45S5 bioglass was used as a reference material. Biocompatibility and osteoconductivity were investigated by implantation into healing defects (2 mm) in the midshaft of rabbit femora. Tissue response was investigated using conventional histology and scanning electron microscopy. Histological and histomorphometric evaluation of specimens after 12 weeks implantation showed significantly more bone contact with the surface of 45S5 bioglass implants when compared with other test materials. When the bone contact for each material was compared between experimental time points, the Glass–Ceramic 2 (CaO rich) group showed significant difference (p = 0.027) at 4 weeks, but no direct contact at 12 weeks. Histology and backscattered electron photomicrographs showed that modified fluorcanasite glass–ceramic implants had greater osteoconductivity than the parent stoichiometric composition. Of the new materials, fluorcanasite glass–ceramic implants modified by the addition of P2O5 showed the greatest stimulation of new mineralized bone tissue formation adjacent to the implants after 4 and 12 weeks implantation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
A cellular implantation system using an injectable ultra‐purified alginate gel for repair of osteochondral defects in a rabbit model
Authors: Igarashi Tatsuya , Iwasaki Norimasa , Kasahara Yasuhiko , Minami Akio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe developed a novel cellular implantation system using an in situ forming ultra‐purified alginate gel with quite low endotoxity. The aims of this study were to determine the superiority of chondrogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured in the purified alginate gel compared with a commercial grade gel, and to assess reparative tissues treated with BMSCs implanted using the developed system into cartilage defects in rabbit knees. The effects of each alginate gel on cellular proliferation and chondrogenesis of rabbit BMSCs were determined by in vitro assessments. Using our purified alginate gel, a novel vehicle system for injecting BMSCs into osteochondral defects without periosteal patch was successfully established in this animal models. The in vitro analyses demonstrated that the purification of alginate significantly enhanced the cellular proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The in vivo assessments suggested that the implantation of BMSCs with the developed system using the purified alginate gel histologically and mechanically improved the reparative tissue of osteochondral defects. This system using the purified alginate gel shows the clinical potential for arthroscopically injectable implantation of BMSCs for the treatment of cartilaginous lesions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Polymorphisms of agr locus correspond to distinct genetic patterns of virulence in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from orthopedic implant infections
Authors: Montanaro Lucio , Speziale Pietro , Campoccia Davide , Pirini Valter , Ravaioli Stefano , Cangini Ilaria , Visai Livia , Arciola Carla Renata 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is the leading etiologic agent of orthopedic implant infections. It is endowed with the accessory gene regulator (agr) locus that modulates expression of many virulence genes. Four allelic groups of agr have been recognized within this bacterial species. Here, 200 S. aureus isolates from orthopedic implant infections, typed at the start depending on their agr group, were screened for the presence of adhesin and leukotoxin genes. Interestingly, specific virulence gene patterns emerged in association with agr groups. The most frequently observed agr groups, agr I and agr II, were associated with the presence of sdrE, fib (agr II more than agr I), fnbB (agr I more than agr II), and lukE/lukD (agr II more than agr I). The third more frequent agr group, agr III, differed clearly from agr I and II, exhibiting high prevalence of bbp, generally not harbored by agr I and II, and copresence of bbp with cna, whereas high prevalence of the tandem sdrE/fib marked definitely agr II (91% of agr II isolates), and, though less strictly, agr I, in which prevailed the peculiar fib/fnbB pattern. The only four isolates belonging to agr IV showed full copresence of bbp with fib. Results point out distinct patterns of virulence genes, which underlie distinct evolutive strategies associated to agr groups in S. aureus causing orthopedic implant infections. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Bond strength to high‐crystalline content zirconia after different surface treatments
Authors: de Souza Grace M. Dias , Silva Nelson R. F. A. , Paulillo Luis A.M.S. , De Goes Mario F. , Rekow E. Dianne , Thompson Van P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of primers, luting systems and aging on bond strength to zirconium oxide substrates. Eighteen zirconia discs (19.5 × 4 mm) were polished and treated (n = 3) either with a MDP primer (Md) or with a MDP and VBATDT primer (MV). In the control group (n = 3) no surface chemical treatment was performed. Zirconia specimens were cemented to prepolymerized composite discs utilizing resin cements ‐ RelyX Unicem or Panavia 21 (RU and Pa, respectively). After 24 h, samples were sectioned for microtensile testing and returned to water at 37°C for two different periods before being tested: 72 h or 60 days + thermocycling (5–55°C/5000 cycles). Bond strength testing was performed at 1 mm/min. Values in MPa were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey's Studentized Range (HSD) (p > 0.05). The application of MV primer resulted in the highest bond strength (22.77 MPa), statistically superior to Md primer (12.78 MPa), and control groups presented the lowest values (9.17 MPa). When luting systems were compared, RU promoted the highest bond strength (16.07 MPa) in comparison with Pa (13.75 MPa). The average bond strength decrease after aging (9.35 MPa) when compared with initial values (20.46 MPa). The results presented by this in vitro study suggest that a chemical surface treatment based on the MDP and VBATDT combination may improve bond strength between zirconia and luting system, without any previous mechanical treatment, depending on the luting system used. This chemical treatment may result in a reliable alternative to achieve adequate and durable bond strength. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010