bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inbreeding depression in development, survival, and reproduction in the adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis)
Authors: Harano Tomohiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInbreeding depression of an aspect of fitness is observed in many insects, but the traits that are of importance for inbreeding depression of fitness remain poorly understood. Here the magnitude of inbreeding depression of fitness‐related traits in the development and adult stages was measured in a captive population of the adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Beetles produced by full‐sib matings had 8% lower survival in the development stage than did beetles produced by unrelated matings. Although inbred and outbred offspring did not differ in body size after emergence, inbred offspring took 2–3% longer to develop to emergence. This indicates inbreeding depression of growth rate. At the adult stage, inbreeding had no significant effect on longevity, however lifetime offspring production was reduced by 11%. Thus, the magnitude of inbreeding depression was relatively large for offspring production. This suggests inbreeding depression of fitness manifests, to a particularly significant extent, in reduced productivity. This study shows the C. chinensis population, which has been in captivity for more than 100 generations, harbors genetic loads.
Uptake and utilization of arachidonic acid in infective larvae ofAngiostrongylus cantonensis
Authors: Tang P. , Wang L.-C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInfective larvae ofAngiostrongylus cantonensismay take up and incorporate exogenous arachidonic acid into their lipid pool. By scintillation counting, uptake and incorporation were determined to be time dependent. Arachidonic acid was mainly incorporated into phospholipid (56.8%) and neutral lipid (22.4%) pools. In the neutral lipids, 64.0% was diglyceride and 36.0% triglyceride. Phosphatidylcholine was the predominant fatty acid in the phospholipid pool. In addition to the release of leukotriene B4, the parasite was found to generate radiolabelled CO2after incubation with [U-14C]arachidonate. Moreover, enzymatic analysis of crude extracts revealed the presence of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (short and long chain), thiolase, enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. These findings suggest that infective larvae ofA. cantonensisnot only take up and incorporate exogenous arachidonic acid into their lipid pool, but may also utilize the fatty acid through a functional β-oxidation pathway.
Management of intra-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak following endoscopic trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery
Authors: Hobbs C G L , Darr A , Carlin W V 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:Cerebrospinal fluid leakage is the most common complication of endoscopic trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery. However, there is no uniformly accepted way of managing this complication when it occurs intra-operatively. This paper describes a quick, simple technique, involving layered fibrin glue and gelatin sponge, which does not compromise post-operative patient follow up.Method:Retrospective review of all endoscopic pituitary surgery cases conducted at a single institution since the introduction of this technique in 2002.Results:A total of 120 endoscopic pituitary operations were performed (96 primary procedures and 24 revisions). All intra-operative cerebrospinal fluid leaks were managed using the described method, with a failure rate of 3.6 per cent. The overall post-operative leakage rate was 1.7 per cent.Conclusion:This simple, conservative technique avoids the need for further dissection and the use of non-absorbable foreign material, and has a low incidence of post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
Economic Planning of the Free Market in Israel during the First Decade: The Influence of Don Patinkin on Israeli Policy Discourse
Authors: Krampf Arie 
Published: November 2010

ArgumentFollowing World War II, as macroeconomics and econometrics became a necessary tool for policy-making, economists worldwide rose in influence. Those economists in peripheral and new countries were especially important as they could wield the instruments essential in forming states. Israel was no exception. In Israel this process was associated with the establishment of the economics department at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and the Falk Project, led by Don Patinkin and the community of economists that he nurtured. This article poses three questions regarding Patinkin's influence and his role in the process of state formation. First, how did he affect economic policy discourse in Israel; second, what role did Patinkin and his students play in the process of state formation; and finally, what was the effect of Patinkin and his students on Israeli government policies? I argue that Patinkin had a specific and irreducible influence on the localization of pro-market ideas and policies in Israel, and that he and his students contributed to the consolidation of the state autonomy and capacity. Furthermore, I argue that they contributed to a more strict implementation of the recession policy in the mid-1960s.
Attempt at cloning high-quality goldfish breed ‘Ranchu’ by fin-cultured cell nuclear transplantation
Authors: Tanaka Daisuke , Takahashi Akito , Takai Akinori , Ohta Hiromi , Ueno Koichi 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe viability of ornamental fish culture relies on the maintenance of high-quality breeds. To improve the profitability of culture operations we attempted to produce cloned fish from the somatic nucleus of the high-quality Japanese goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) breed ‘Ranchu’. We transplanted the nucleus of a cultured fin-cell from an adult Ranchu into the non-enucleated egg of the original goldfish breed ‘Wakin’. Of the 2323 eggs we treated, 802 underwent cleavage, 321 reached the blastula stage, and 51 reached the gastrula stage. Two of the gastrulas developed until the hatching stage. A considerable number of nuclear transplants retained only the donor nucleus. Some of these had only a 2n nucleus derived from the same donor fish. Our results provide insights into the process of somatic cell nuclear transplantation in teleosts, and the cloning of Ranchu.
DC and radio-frequency transmission characteristics of double-walled carbon nanotubes-based ink
Authors: Pacchini Sébastien , Flahaut Emmanuel , Fabre Norbert , Conédéra Véronique , Mesnilgrente Fabien , Coccetti Fabio , Dragoman Mircea , Plana Robert 
Published: November 2010

In this paper, double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) network layers were patterned using inkjet transfer printing. The remarkable conductive characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as promising candidates for transmission line as well as microelectronic interconnects of an arbitrary pattern. In this work, the DWNTs were prepared by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition process, oxidized and dispersed in ethylene-glycol solution. The DWNTs networks were deposited between electrodes contact and then characterized at DC through current–voltage measurements, low frequency, and high frequency by scattering parameters measurements from 40 MHz up to 40 GHz through a vector network analyzer. By varying the number of inkjet overwrites, the results confirm that the DC resistance of DWNTs networks can be varied according to their number and that furthermore the networks preserve ohmic characteristics up to 100 MHz. The microwave transmission parameters were obtained from the measuredS-parameter data. An algorithm is developed to calculate the propagation constant “γ”, attenuation constant “α” in order to show the frequency dependence of the equivalent resistance of DWNTs networks, which decreases with increasing frequency.
Taking care to protect the environment against damage: a meaningless obligation?
Authors: Hulme Karen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLittle attention is paid to the obligation of ‘care’ in Article 55(1) of Additional Protocol I. Beyond a general principle of upholding environmental value in times of armed conflict, what is the scope and content of the obligation? If it is worthless, what makes it so? Since the care provision includes the same high threshold of harm found elsewhere in the environmental provisions, has this stumbling block now been removed by state practice? Rule 44 of theCustomary Law Studymight appear to suggest that this is so, or does it? Ultimately then, is the care obligation worth caring about?
Water, international peace, and security
Authors: Tignino Mara 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWater scarcity, accelerated by climate change, affects water availability and may threaten peace and security. This role of water, as a contributing factor for triggering wars, sheds light on the significance of the protection of water during armed conflict. Keeping water out of war not only contributes to preserving an indispensable natural resource for life but also serves as a tool for the hostile parties to start negotiations, building trust and peace.
Climate change adaptation: integrating climate science into humanitarian work
Authors: Braman Lisette M. , Suarez Pablo , van Aalst Maarten K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA changing climate means more work for humanitarian organizations. Vulnerable people served by the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement are likely to experience new patterns of disasters. In the face of these rising dangers, science-based information about likely threats can be used to reduce risk and improve resource allocation. Examples such as the 2008 emergency appeal for flood preparedness in West Africa illustrate the benefits of turning early warnings into early actions at community, national, and regional levels, at timescales ranging from hours to decades ahead of a looming threat. By making better use of a wide range of new information, humanitarian organizations can enhance their work even in the face of the rising risks of climate change.
Effect of temperature and cycle length on microbial competition in PHB-producing sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Jiang Yang , Marang Leonie , Kleerebezem Robbert , Muyzer Gerard , van Loosdrecht Mark C M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The impact of temperature and cycle length on microbial competition between polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-producing populations enriched in feast-famine sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) was investigated at temperatures of 20 °C and 30 °C, and in a cycle length range of 1–18 h. In this study, the microbial community structure of the PHB-producing enrichments was found to be strongly dependent on temperature, but not on cycle length. Zoogloea and Plasticicumulans acidivorans dominated the SBRs operated at 20 °C and 30 °C, respectively. Both enrichments accumulated PHB more than 75% of cell dry weight. Short-term temperature change experiments revealed that P. acidivorans was more temperature sensitive as compared with Zoogloea. This is particularly true for the PHB degradation, resulting in incomplete PHB degradation in P. acidivorans at 20 °C. Incomplete PHB degradation limited biomass growth and allowed Zoogloea to outcompete P. acidivorans. The PHB content at the end of the feast phase correlated well with the cycle length at a constant solid retention time (SRT). These results suggest that to establish enrichment with the capacity to store a high fraction of PHB, the number of cycles per SRT should be minimized independent of the temperature.
Story Processing Ability in Cognitively Healthy Younger and Older Adults
Authors: Wright Heather Harris , Capilouto Gilson J. , Srinivasan Cidambi , Fergadiotis Gerasimos 
Published: November 2010

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships among measures of comprehension and production for stories depicted in wordless pictures books and measures of memory and attention for 2 age groups.

Method
Sixty cognitively healthy adults participated. They consisted of two groups—young adults (20–29 years of age) and older adults (70–89 years of age). Participants completed cognitive measures and several discourse tasks; these included telling stories depicted in wordless picture books and answering multiple-choice comprehension questions pertaining to the story.

Results
The 2 groups did not differ significantly for proportion of story propositions conveyed; however, the younger group performed significantly better on the comprehension measure as compared with the older group. Only the older group demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the story measures. Performance on the production and comprehension measures significantly correlated with performance on the cognitive measures for the older group but not for the younger group.

Conclusions
The relationship between adults' comprehension of stimuli used to elicit narrative production samples and their narrative productions differed across the life span, suggesting that discourse processing performance changes in healthy aging. Finally, the study’s findings suggest that memory and attention contribute to older adults' story processing performance.
Attention, Working Memory, and Grammaticality Judgment in Typical Young Adults
Authors: Smith Pamela A. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose
To examine resource allocation and sentence processing, this study examined the effects of auditory distraction on grammaticality judgment (GJ) of sentences varied by semantics (reversibility) and short-term memory requirements.

Method

Experiment 1: Typical young adult females (
N
= 60) completed a whole-sentence GJ task in distraction (Quiet, Noise, or Talk). Participants judged grammaticality of Passive sentences varied by sentence (length), grammaticality, and reversibility. Reaction time (RT) data were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance. Experiment 2: A similar group completed a self-paced reading GJ task using the similar materials.

Results
Experiment 1: Participants responded faster to Bad and to Nonreversible sentences, and in the Talk distraction. The slowest RTs were noted for Good–Reversible–Padded sentences in the Quiet condition. Experiment 2: Distraction did not differentially affect RTs for sentence components. Verb RTs were slower for Reversible sentences.

Conclusions
Results suggest that narrative distraction affected GJ, but by speeding responses, not slowing them. Sentence variables of memory and reversibility slowed RTs, but narrative distraction resulted in faster processing times regardless of individual sentence variables. More explicit, deliberate tasks (self-paced reading) resulted in less effect from distraction. Results are discussed in terms of recent theories about auditory distraction.
Hyoid Displacement in Post-Treatment Cancer Patients: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Zu Yihe , Yang Zhenyu , Perlman Adrienne L. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose
Dysphagia after head and neck cancer treatment is a health care issue; in some cases, the cause of death is not cancer but, rather, the passage of food or liquid into the lungs. Hyoid displacement is known to be important to safe swallowing function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hyoid displacement after cancer treatment.

Method
Hyoid displacement was measured in healthy persons with normal swallowing function, head and neck cancer patients postradiation only, and head and neck cancer patients postsurgery only. Three bolus conditions (5 ml and 10 ml liquid and 5 ml paste) were examined. The influence of 2 different measurement algorithms on the extent of hyoid movement was also explored.

Results
Radiation-therapy patients in this study had greater hyoid displacement than did surgery patients. Bolus viscosity and measurement method significantly influenced displacement results, whereas bolus volume did not. However, more multiple swallows occurred with 10 ml liquid; this may account for the apparent insignificance of bolus volume.

Conclusions
These findings can be used to assist head and neck cancer treatment planning and counseling. Because hyoid measurement methods influence research conclusions, this aspect of design should be considered when interpreting research findings.
Bilingual Language Assessment: A Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Dollaghan Christine A. , Horner Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose
To describe quality indicators for appraising studies of diagnostic accuracy and to report a meta-analysis of measures for diagnosing language impairment (LI) in bilingual Spanish–English U.S. children.

Method
The authors searched electronically and by hand to locate peer-reviewed English-language publications meeting inclusion criteria; the authors rated quality features, calculated accuracy metrics and confidence intervals, and generated forest plots.

Results
Of 771 citations (86 unique) located initially, accuracy metrics could be calculated for 17 index measures studied in a total of 100 children with LI and 109 with typical language. Most studies lacked clear descriptions of reference standards, procedures, and controls for subjective bias, making it difficult to rate specific quality features with confidence. Positive likelihood ratios (LR+) for most measures were at least diagnostically suggestive (pooled LR+ = 4.12; 95% CI [2.94, 5.78]). Negative likelihood ratios (LR−) were also generally suggestive, but heterogeneity precluded averaging. For every measure, confidence intervals for LR+ and LR− included diagnostically uninformative values.

Conclusions
The available evidence does not support strong claims concerning the diagnostic accuracy of these measures, but a number appear promising. Several steps are suggested for strengthening future investigations of diagnostic accuracy.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170351
Effects of pH on aggregation kinetics of the repeat domain of a functional amyloid, Pmel17
Authors: Pfefferkorn Candace M. , McGlinchey Ryan P. , Lee Jennifer C. 
Published: November 2010

Pmel17 is a functional amyloidogenic protein whose fibrils act as scaffolds for pigment deposition in human skin and eyes. We have used the repeat domain (RPT, residues 315–444), an essential luminal polypeptide region of Pmel17, as a model system to study conformational changes from soluble unstructured monomers to β-sheet-containing fibrils. Specifically, we report on the effects of solution pH (4 → 7) mimicking pH conditions of melanosomes, acidic organelles where Pmel17 fibrils are formed. Local, secondary, and fibril structure were monitored via intrinsic Trp fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. We find that W423 is a highly sensitive probe of amyloid assembly with spectral features reflecting local conformational and fibril morphological changes. A critical pH regime (5 ± 0.5) was identified for fibril formation suggesting the involvement of at least three carboxylic acids in the structural rearrangement necessary for aggregation. Moreover, we demonstrate that RPT fibril morphology can be transformed directly by changing solution pH. Based on these results, we propose that intramelanosomal pH regulates Pmel17 amyloid formation and its subsequent dissolution in vivo.
Managing boundaries under pressure: A qualitative study of therapists’ experiences of sexual attraction in therapy
Authors: Martin Carol , Godfrey Mary , Meekums Bonnie , Madill Anna 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim: To identify therapists’ views on sexual boundaries and the strategies they employ to manage them in therapeutic practice. Method: In‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of 13 accredited, experienced practitioners of psychotherapy or counselling. A grounded theory approach, informed by principles from Free Association Narrative methodology, was employed, in which team members used debriefing sessions for extending depth of understanding of the interviews. Findings: There is consensus about boundaries at the extremes, but variability about fantasy, flirtation and touch. A core process was generated from accounts of successful management of sexual attraction. We identified four problematic ways of reacting to boundary pressure, each with potential to harm clients and therapy. Discussion: A participant‐observer stance was conceptualised as essential for managing threats to boundaries, consistent with the empathic stance. Minor boundary crossings were viewed by interviewees as both potential precursors of more serious transgressions, and as opportunities for understanding the client's difficulties. Implications for practice: These span training, accrediting organisations, supervision and therapy practice.
METHANE AND NITROGEN ABUNDANCES ON PLUTO AND ERIS
Authors: Tegler S. C. , Cornelison D. M. , Grundy W. M. , Romanishin W. , Abernathy M. R. , Bovyn M. J. , Burt J. A. , Evans D. E. , Maleszewski C. K. , Thompson Z. , Vilas F. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTWe present spectra of Eris from the MMT 6.5 m Telescope and Red Channel Spectrograph (5700–9800 Å, 5 Å pixel−1) on Mt. Hopkins, AZ, and of Pluto from the Steward Observatory 2.3 m Telescope and Boller and Chivens Spectrograph (7100–9400 Å, 2 Å pixel−1) on Kitt Peak, AZ. In addition, we present laboratory transmission spectra of methane–nitrogen and methane–argon ice mixtures. By anchoring our analysis in methane and nitrogen solubilities in one another as expressed in the phase diagram of Prokhvatilov & Yantsevich, and comparing methane bands in our Eris and Pluto spectra and methane bands in our laboratory spectra of methane and nitrogen ice mixtures, we find Eris' bulk methane and nitrogen abundances are ∼10% and ∼90% and Pluto's bulk methane and nitrogen abundances are ∼3% and ∼97%. Such abundances for Pluto are consistent with values reported in the literature. It appears that the bulk volatile composition of Eris is similar to the bulk volatile composition of Pluto. Both objects appear to be dominated by nitrogen ice. Our analysis also suggests, unlike previous work reported in the literature, that the methane and nitrogen stoichiometry is constant with depth into the surface of Eris. Finally, we point out that our Eris spectrum is also consistent with a laboratory ice mixture consisting of 40% methane and 60% argon. Although we cannot rule out an argon-rich surface, it seems more likely that nitrogen is the dominant species on Eris because the nitrogen ice 2.15 μm band is seen in spectra of Pluto and Triton.