bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of various prognostic nodal factors, adjuvant chemotherapy and survival among stage III colon cancer patients over 65 years: an analysis using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data
Authors: Hanna N. N. , Onukwugha E. , Choti M. A. , Davidoff A. J. , Zuckerman I. H. , Hsu V. D. , Mullins C. D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  The prognostic effects of chemotherapy and various lymph node measures [positive nodes, total node count and the positive lymph node ratio (PLNR)] have been established. It is unknown whether the cancer‐specific survival benefit of chemotherapy differs across these nodal prognostic categories.Method  This retrospective analysis of linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data and Medicare data (SEER‐Medicare)included patients ≥ 65 years of age with a diagnosis of stage III colon cancer between 1997 and 2002. We grouped patients according to the number of positive nodes (N1 and N2), total node count (≥ 12 and < 12 total nodes) and PLNR (below the 75th percentile and at least at the 75th percentile of the PLNR). The end point was colon cancer‐specific mortality.Results  Fifty‐one per cent (3701) of the 7263 patients received adjuvant therapy during the time period 1997–2002. The mean (standard deviation) number of total nodes examined was 13 (9) and the number of positive nodes identified was 3 (3). Patients with N2 disease, < 12 total nodes examined and a high PLNR had a worse survival at 2, 3 and 5 years following colectomy. Utilization of chemotherapy demonstrated a colon cancer‐specific survival benefit (hazard ratio at median follow up = 0.7; P < 0.001) that was consistent and statistically significant across the three nodal prognostic categories examined.Conclusion  The benefit of chemotherapy did not vary based on N stage, total node count or PLNR. The results favour a broad‐based approach towards increasing the chemotherapy treatment rates in stage III patients of ≥ 65 years of age, rather than an approach that targets clinical subgroups.
Time‐intensity curve parameters in colorectal tumours measured using double contrast‐enhanced ultrasound: correlations with tumour angiogenesis
Authors: Zhuang H. , Yang Z‐G. , Chen H‐J. , Peng Y‐L. , Li L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between time‐intensity curve (TIC) parameters and colorectal tumour angiogenesis using double contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (DCEUS), in which an intraluminal contrast agent was used in combination with an intravascular contrast agent.Method  Thirty nine patients with colorectal tumours were examined preoperatively. During hydrocolonal examination with the intraluminal contrast agent, an intravascular contrast agent, SonoVue, was used to perform the DCEUS. The parameter arrival time (AT), time to peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI) and area under the curve (AUC) were measured. Postoperative specimens were assessed for microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The correlation between TIC parameters and the expression of VEGF or MVD was studied.Results  The mean values of AT, TTP, PI and AUC of the colorectal tumours were 14.32 ± 11.36 s, 30.61 ± 18.65 s, 20.38 ± 17.45 dB and 221.10 ± 156.09 dB.s, respectively. Both AUC and MVD were significantly higher in colorectal adenocarcinomas than in adenomas (all P < 0.05). A positive linear correlation was found between the AUC and MVD in colorectal tumours (r = 0.686, P = 0.0019). No correlation was found between VEGF and any TIC parameter.Conclusion  DCEUS is a valuable method for evaluating angiogenesis in colorectal tumours in vivo. The AUC has a positive linear correlation with MVD and could form a new index for assessing angiogenesis and the biological behaviour of colorectal tumours.
Pouchitis may increase the risk of dysplasia after restorative proctocolectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Authors: Banasiewicz T. , Marciniak R. , Paszkowski J. , Krokowicz P. , Kaczmarek E. , Walkowiak J. , Szmeja J. , Majewski P. , Drews M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  Dysplasia of the pouch mucosa after restorative proctocolectomy is rare. The aim of this study was to establish whether there is a correlation between pouchitis and dysplasia.Method  A group of 276 patients treated for ulcerative colitis by restorative proctocolectomy between 1984 and 2009 was analysed. The presence or absence of pouchitis and dysplasia within the pouch was evaluated.Results  Inflammation was diagnosed in 66 (23.9%) patients, low‐grade dysplasia in five (1.8%), high‐grade dysplasia in three (1.1%), and cancer in one patient (0.4%). The prevalence of low‐grade dysplasia was significantly higher in patients with inflammation than in those without (P < 0.04). High‐grade dysplasia was significantly more frequent in pouchitis than in non‐inflamed pouches (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the occurrence of mucosal inflammation increased the risk of low grade dysplasia.Conclusion  Patients with chronic pouchitis are at risk of dysplasia and require surveillance of the pouch.
Anorectal function evaluation and predictive factors for faecal incontinence in 600 patients
Authors: Lam T. J. , Kuik D. J. , Felt‐Bersma R. J. F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  Anorectal function was assessed in patients with and without faecal incontinence (FI) . Risk factors predictive for FI were determined.Method  Between 2003 and 2009, all consecutive patients referred were assessed by questionnaire, anorectal manometry and anal endosonography. Predictive factors were identified and used to develop a statistical model to predict FI.Results  Of 600 patients (519 women), 285 (48%) were faecally incontinent. In comparison with continent women, incontinent women (mean Vaizey score 15.4), were older, had more liquid stools, more deliveries, more urinary incontinence, lower anal pressures, shorter sphincter length, smaller rectal capacity and more sphincter defects. Incontinent men (mean Vaizey score 15.3) were older and had lower anal pressures. Incontinent and continent patients showed an overlap in test results. Predictors in women were age, stool consistency, anal pressures, rectal capacity, and internal and external sphincter defects. The area under the ROC‐curve was 0.84 (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.87). Using a cut off point of 0.4, FI was predicted with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 86%, 68%, 74% and 82%, respectively. The model was studied in five women with a temporary stoma and was accurate in predicting FI after stoma closure.Conclusion  Incontinent patients have lower pressures, smaller rectal capacity and more sphincter defects than controls, but show a large overlap. Our model shows a relatively high sensitivity and negative predictive value for predicting FI in women. The model seems promising in the patients studied with a temporary stoma.
Perceived challenges and priorities in co‐morbidity management of older patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Beverly E. A. , Wray L. A. , Chiu C. J. , Weinger K. 
Published: March 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 781–784 (2011)AbstractAims  To explore older patients’ perceived impact of chronic co‐morbid conditions on Type 2 diabetes self‐management.Methods  We used purposive sampling to select 32 mentally alert community‐dwelling adults, aged 60 years or older, diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes and at least one other chronic health condition to participate in focus groups. We summarized the discussions following each focus group and identified codes to describe the overarching themes.Results  We conducted eight 90‐min focus groups, each consisting of two to six patients. Three themes emerged. (i) Diabetes complications as a motivator: managing co‐morbid conditions made health an important focal point in the lives of older patients. Most patients acknowledged the positive effect complications had on their diabetes self‐management by motivating them to pay greater attention to their diabetes to diminish the progression of these complications. (ii) Prioritizing health conditions: patients reported prioritizing health conditions and selectively attending to the management of those conditions based on perceived severity or importance. Further, many patients perceived some conditions as more serious than others and admitted to prioritizing another health condition over their diabetes. (iii) Emotional impact of co‐morbidity management: patients described feeling frustrated, confused, and overwhelmed in response to conflicting treatment recommendations, particularly for diet, physical activity and medication regimens.Conclusions  Complications and co‐morbidities may have differential impacts on the diabetes self‐management of older patients. Addressing the perceived impact of co‐morbidity on diabetes self‐management may improve patients’ outcomes; however, the most effective method of utilizing this information in clinical practice needs to be examined.
The effect of myoinositol supplementation on insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes
Authors: Corrado F. , D’Anna R. , Di Vieste G. , Giordano D. , Pintaudi B. , Santamaria A. , Di Benedetto A. 
Published: March 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 972–975 (2011)AbstractAim  To test the hypothesis that myoinositol supplementation will improve insulin sensitivity as measured by markers of insulin resistance such as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and adiponectin in women with gestational diabetes.Methods  The trial was carried out in diet‐treated patients with gestational diabetes diagnosed in our department between April 2008 and September 2009. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either myoinositol supplementation (4 g daily) plus folic acid (400 μg daily)—the study group—or folic acid only (400 μg daily)—the control group. Both groups received the same diet prescription. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and adiponectin were assayed while fasting at the time of the diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test and after 8 weeks of treatment.Results  There were 69 evaluable patients, 24 in the study group and 45 in the control group. Fasting glucose and insulin, and consequently homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, decreased in both groups (50% in the study group vs. 29% in the control group), but the decline in the study group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P = 0.0001). Adiponectin increased in the myoinositol group while it decreased in the control group (P = 0.009).Conclusion  Myoinositol improves insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes.
Cognitive function in 6‐ to 12‐year‐old offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Temple R. C. , Hardiman M. , Pellegrini M. , Horrocks L. , Martinez‐Cengotitabengoa M.‐T. 
Published: March 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 845–848 (2011)AbstractAims  Maternal diabetes is a recognized risk factor for congenital malformation, perinatal morbidity and obesity in later childhood. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of maternal diabetes on cognitive function in offspring.Methods  Participants were 6‐ to 12‐year‐old offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes. All women received their antenatal care and delivered at one university hospital. HbA1c was monitored monthly throughout pregnancy and cognitive function was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, version 4.Results  We present results in 40 offspring. There was no difference in overall full‐scale IQ compared with UK normative data. However, working memory was poorer than other parts of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children version 4 test and significantly lower compared with UK normative data [8.4 (2.2) vs. 10.1 (3.2), P < 0.01]. We found no correlation between measurement of digit span or HbA1c at any stage during pregnancy (r = –0.225 to 0.002), gestational age at delivery (r = –0.178) or infant birthweight ratio (r = –0.176). There was no relationship between working memory score and maternal hypoglycaemia episodes or maternal duration of diabetes. Comparing infants born before (n = 9) or after 37 weeks’ gestation, digit span was non‐significantly lower [7.9 (1.8) vs. 8.6 (2.4)].Discussion  These results suggest offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes have normal overall cognitive function but poorer working memory. We have been unable to identify specific risk factors. Further larger studies are required to increase the understanding of this memory defect and identify any modifiable risk factors.
Glycaemic control is positively associated with prevalent fractures but not with bone mineral density in patients with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Neumann T. , Sämann A. , Lodes S. , Kästner B. , Franke S. , Kiehntopf M. , Hemmelmann C. , Lehmann T. , Müller U. A. , Hein G. , Wolf G. 
Published: March 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 872–875 (2011)AbstractAim  There are conflicting data regarding the risk of osteoporosis in patients with Type 1 diabetes. We investigated an association between diabetes, bone mineral density and prevalent fractures.Methods  A single‐centre, cross‐sectional study of men and pre‐menopausal women with Type 1 diabetes (n = 128) and a matched control group (n = 77) was conducted. The primary outcome measure was bone mineral density and secondary measures were markers of bone metabolism and prevalent fractures.Results  Hip and total body bone mineral densities were significantly lower in women with diabetes compared with control subjects. In men, no difference in bone mineral density was found. A multivariate regression analysis in women with diabetes revealed higher BMI as the strongest predictor of higher total hip, femoral neck and total body bone mineral density, whereas previous fractures were inversely associated with total hip bone mineral density and C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen with total body bone mineral density. Poor long‐term glycaemic control was not associated with low bone mineral density. Fracture frequency was higher in patients with diabetes compared with control subjects (1.64 vs. 0.62 per 100 patient‐years; P < 0.05). In a multivariable model, long‐term HbA1c control was associated with increased clinical fracture prevalence (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.09–2.75) in those with diabetes.Conclusions  Type 1 diabetes contributes to low bone mineral density in women. Previous fractures and low BMI were strong predictors of impaired bone mineral density and should therefore be considered in risk estimation. Fractures are more frequent in Type 1 diabetes. Long‐term hyperglycaemia may account for impaired bone strength, independently from bone mineral density.
Islet autoantibodies can discriminate maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY) from Type 1 diabetes
Authors: McDonald T. J. , Colclough K. , Brown R. , Shields B. , Shepherd M. , Bingley P. , Williams A. , Hattersley A. T. , Ellard Sian 
Published: March 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1028–1033 (2011)AbstractAim  Maturity‐onset diabetes of the young is a monogenic form of familial, young‐onset diabetes. It is rare (∼1% diabetes) and may be misdiagnosed as Type 1 diabetes and inappropriately treated with insulin. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the presence of islet autoantibodies, including glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and islet antigen‐2 (IA‐2) antibodies. The prevalence of islet autoantibodies is unknown in maturity‐onset diabetes of the young and may have the potential to differentiate this form of diabetes from Type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GAD and IA‐2 antibodies in patients with maturity‐onset diabetes of the young and Type 1 diabetes.Methods  We measured plasma GAD and IA‐2 antibodies in 508 patients with the most common forms of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (GCK: n = 227; HNF1A: n = 229; HNF4A: n = 52) and 98 patients with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes (diagnosed < 6 months). Autoantibodies were considered positive if ≥ 99th centile of 500 adult control subjects.Results  GAD and/or IA‐2 antibodies were present in 80/98 (82%) patients with Type 1 diabetes and 5/508 (< 1%) patients with maturity‐onset diabetes of the young. In the cohort with Type 1 diabetes, both GAD and IA‐2 antibodies were detected in 37.8% of patients, GAD only in 24.5% and IA‐2 only in 19.4%. All five patients with maturity‐onset diabetes of the young with detectable antibodies had GAD antibodies and none had detectable IA‐2 antibodies.Conclusion  The prevalence of GAD and IA‐2 antibodies in maturity‐onset diabetes of the young is the same as in control subjects (< 1%). The finding of islet autoantibodies, especially IA‐2 antibodies, makes the diagnosis of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young very unlikely and genetic testing should only be performed if other clinical characteristics strongly suggest this form of diabetes rather than Type 1 diabetes. This supports routine islet autoantibody testing before proceeding to more expensive molecular genetic testing.
Trends in Type 1 diabetes incidence in the UK in 0‐ to 14‐year‐olds and in 15‐ to 34‐year‐olds, 1991–2008
Authors: Imkampe A.‐K. , Gulliford M. C. 
Published: March 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 811–814 (2011)AbstractAim  To describe Type 1 diabetes incidence trends in the UK between 1991 and 2008 in children aged 0–14 years and in young adults aged 15–34 years.Methods  Data from the UK General Practice Research Database were analysed, including 3002 individuals (1565 aged 0–14 years and 1437 aged 15–34 years) newly diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. Poisson regression was used to model annual incidence increases and seasonality effects.Results  Type 1 diabetes incidence increased from 11 to 24/100 000 person‐years in boys and from 15 to 20/100 000 person‐years in girls. In adults, the incidence rate increased from 13 to 20/100 000 person‐years (men) and from 7 to 10/100 000 person‐years (women). Annual incidence increases tended to be greater in children (4.1%, 95% CI 3.0–5.2%) compared with 15‐ to 34‐year‐olds (2.8%, 95% CI 1.6–3.9%). There was evidence of higher incidence rates during autumn and winter in children, but not in adults.Conclusions  A continuing increase in Type 1 diabetes incidence was shown that was greater in children than in young adults. Seasonal variation was observed in children only.
Global Imbalances, Under‐consumption and Over‐borrowing: The State of the World Economy and Future Policies
Authors: Cripps Francis , Izurieta Alex , Singh Ajit 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis contribution addresses the question of whether growth convergence can be sustained in the global economy without compromising welfare and without causing major crises. It employs a simplified stock‐flow analytical framework to examine the proposition that the pace and pattern of global growth is conditioned by ‘under‐consumption’ in some regions of the world and ‘over‐borrowing’ in other regions. A baseline projection using the Cambridge‐Alphametrics model (CAM) illustrates consequences of resumed global imbalances after the 2008–2009 crisis. An alternative scenario exemplifies the case in which China and India shift towards internal income redistribution and domestic demand‐orientated policies and suggests that this will not be sufficient to correct global imbalances or induce improved growth rates in other developing regions. Finally a more ambitious development perspective is simulated. Such a scenario requires internationally‐coordinated policy efforts, with a greater role for governments in the management of demand, income distribution and environmental sustainability, as well as measures to reduce instability of exchange rate and commodity markets.
Glory as an Ethical Idea
Authors: Chappell Timothy 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThere is a gap between what we think and what we think we think about ethics. This gap appears when elements of our ethical reflection and our moral theories contradict each other. It also appears when something that is important in our ethical reflection is sidelined in our moral theories. The gap appears in both ways with the ethical ideaglory. The present exploration of this idea is a case study of how far actual ethical reflection diverges from moral theory. This divergence tells against moral theory, and in favour of less constricted and more flexible modes of ethical reflection.
The Cost of Being Mother's Ideal Child: The Role of Internalization in the Development of Perfectionism and Depression
Authors: Tong Ying , Lam Shui‐fong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe study investigated how children's willingness to internalize mothers' values affected the associations between mothers' performance goals for their children and the development of children's perfectionism and depression. The participants were 59 Hong Kong fifth graders and their mothers. The results showed that internalization, as a child factor, moderated the association between mothers' performance goals for their children and children's self‐oriented perfectionism, but not socially prescribed perfectionism. Children's internalization also moderated the association between mothers' performance goals for their children and children's depression. Among the children who were more willing to internalize their mothers' values, their mothers' performance goals for them were correlated positively with their self‐oriented perfectionism, but negatively with their depression. Paradoxically, internalization appeared to be a risk and also a protective factor in the psychological well‐being of children.
Contextual Variations in Ethnic Group Differences in Educational Attainments
Authors: Plewis Ian 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe primary school population in England is becoming ethnically more diverse and differences in educational attainments between ethnic groups continue to be of interest. The paper applies multilevel modelling to an administrative database—the national pupil database—to assess the extent of these differences. It shows that the national picture hides considerable heterogeneity both within and between schools and that the models for attainment are complex. The analyses highlight the relative educational success of Chinese pupils and a cause for concern about the attainments of black Caribbean boys. The paper’s most important message is that conclusions about ethnic group differences in attainments need to be related to individual, family, school and cognitive contexts. Methodological issues about model specification and the categorization of ethnic groups are discussed.
Minor neurological dysfunction and IQ in 9‐year‐old children born at term
Authors: KIKKERT HEDWIG K , DE JONG CORINA , HADDERS‐ALGRA MIJNA 
Published: March 2011

Aim  The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the severity and type of minor neurological dysfunction (MND) and IQ in 9‐year‐old children born at term.Method  Three hundred and forty‐one children (177 males, 164 females; mean age 9y, SD 3mo, range 8y 10mo–9y 7mo) who were born at term were neurologically assessed according to Touwen. Children with perinatal risk or with a congenital disorder were excluded. Special attention was paid to the severity and type of MND. Eight domains of dysfunction were distinguished, including fine manipulative ability and coordination. On the basis of the number of dysfunctional domains, the severity of dysfunction was expressed as simple MND (sMND) or complex MND (cMND). Verbal, Performance, and Full‐scale IQ (FSIQ) were assessed with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed.Results  Neurologically normal children had higher IQ scores than those with sMND and cMND (mean FSIQ 104 [95% confidence interval (CI) 102–106] to 100 [95% CI 97–102] and 95 [95% CI 91–98] respectively). Multivariate statistics confirmed that the IQ scores of children with sMND and cMND did not differ. Fine manipulative disability and coordination problems were associated with lower IQ scores but other dysfunctions were not.Interpretation  The type of MND rather than the severity is associated with lower IQ in children born at term.