bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of melt kinetics of in-situ molding of thermoplastic CF/PEEK composites
Authors: Jin Caizhi , Wang Fei , Zhang Chengshuang , Bao Yanling , Zhang Chenghao , Wang Mengjie , Liu Dong , Wu Jing , Su Zhongmin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To reveal the interaction mechanism between the composites and the laser during the laser in-situ forming process of carbon fiber composites, the temperature change history and phase transition process on the surface of CF/PEEK composites under the action of flat-top beams with different moving directions were simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element simulation software. The results show that, due to the anisotropy of CF/PEEK composites, the transverse spread of the temperature field is always larger than the longitudinal spread, and when the moving angle is less than 45°, the surface temperature and the surface heat-affected zone of CF/PEEK composites increase with the increasing of the moving angle. The surface temperature and the area of heat affected zone are maximum when the angle of movement is 45°. As the angle of movement increases from 45° to 90°, the area and temperature of the heat-affected zone on the surface of the composite decreases with the increase in the angle of movement. The area of the melting zone is consistent with the distribution of the temperature field on the composite surface. The transverse broadening of the melting zone is always larger than the longitudinal broadening. The area of the melting zone is largest when the laser spot moves at an angle of 45°, and the area of the melting zone is smallest when the spot moves at an angle of 90°.
Study on the flow characteristics of gas-solid two-phase flow in a horizontal-vertical pneumatic conveying system based on dunes
Authors: Wang Yunfei , Yan Fei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, based on the accumulation pattern of particles flowing through the bend, the Dunes are designed to be placed in curves with different radii of curvature in a horizontal-vertical pneumatic conveying system, and the movement characteristics of the particles entering the vertical pipeline due to with Dunes are analyzed based on CFD-DEM. Compared to the case of No Dune, the Gas-solid two-phase velocities with Dune are almost evenly distributed in the pipe and are larger than the corresponding case of No Dune. At the same time, the particle axial velocities with Dunes are larger than the case without Dunes, the number of collisions of particles in vertical tubes is reduced due to Dunes, and the particles diverge sufficiently throughout the vertical tube from the particle flow patterns. The results show the effect of Dunes can increase the velocity of particles and reduce the impact of particles on the pipe wall, it is conducive to the transport of particles. Meanwhile, The experiment known as particle image velocimetry (PIV) verifies the accuracy of the numerical simulation results.
Soft rock rheological similarity criterion under thermal-mechanical effects—a research and its application
Authors: Fan Xiyan , Han Xianglian , Hua Zezhen , Yin Xiaoxia , Li Qian , Tan Yuan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The similarity criterion of soft rock in both the linear elastic deformation range and the rheological process are systematically studied in this paper by using the equation derivation method and the dimensional analysis method under the effects of temperature and pressure. A brief analysis is performed and COMSOL is used to verify the deduced similarity criterion numerically. A shale-like material with paraffin wax as the binder and river sand as the main aggregate is then prepared by following the similarity criterion, including compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and thermal conductivity. The mechanical parameters and thermal conductivity of the fabricated shale-like material are measured, and the result shows that the shale-like material has a high similarity with the shale prototype material by comparing the experimental data with the calculated data based on the similarity criterion. This reveals the significance of the similarity criterion for developing model experiments. Thus, this research has enriched the rheological similarity principle system of soft rock and has an important practical value in deep soft rock excavation and support engineering.
Study of mechanical properties of the YL113 die casting surface and middle layer
Authors: Chen Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The YL113 die casting surface and middle layer are separated by machining and densities, porosities and mechanical properties of the YL113 die casting surface and middle layer are measured. Results show that the densities and mechanical properties of the total YL113 die casts are in between those of the YL113 die casting surface and middle layer and are identical to those of the YL113 die casting middle layer. The porosities of the die casting surface layer are smaller and fewer and its densities are bigger and mechanical properties are better than those of the middle layer. Effects of different die casting process parameters on the surface layer and the middle layer of die casting are different, of whom effects of the casting pressure and the biscuit thickness on them are most obvious. The densities and mechanical properties of the surface layers and the middle layers of die castings increase with increasing the casting pressures and the biscuit thicknesses. In addition, the effects of densities on the mechanical properties of the die casting middle layers are more obvious than those of the die casting surface layer.
Study on physiological injuries of occupants under vertical impact loads
Authors: Qin Weiwei , Wang Xianhui , Sun Xiaowang , He Jiahao , Yao Tuzao , Li Mingxing , Wu Mengyang , Fu Tiaoqi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Under vertical impact loads, such as explosions, serious compressive deformation occurs in the pelvic bones and lumbar vertebrae of the human body leading to injuries or fatalities for occupants. This study focuses on the occupant-seat model in military vehicles, establishes a biomechanical model of the human spine, and establishes the relationship between vertical impact loads and human injuries. Subsequently, a C-shaped energy-absorbing cushioning structure is designed for application at the bottom support of the seat. Using a peak value of 50 g explosion-simulated triangular wave loading, the study compares the attenuation effects of different structural characteristics of cushioning energy-absorbing structures on impact loads. The results indicate that a 50 g peak vertical impact load can cause significant human injuries. The designed energy-absorbing cushioning structure can greatly reduce human response, but both excessively soft and rigid energy-absorbing cushioning structures fail to achieve effective impact attenuation.
Manufacturing techniques for composite structure batteries: laminates and sandwich panels
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Liu Xiaoyu , Mao Rui , Lei Zhenkun , Bai Ruixiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The laminated and sandwich composite structural batteries can efficiently store energy and bear loading while effectively saving mass and volume. To prepare these two types of composite structure batteries, an experimental platform of vacuum-assisted resin transfer process was constructed, and the preparation processes of laminated and sandwich plates were studied. The comparative analysis of the open-circuit voltage with SOC at different temperatures demonstrated the stability and reliability of the preparation processes for composite structure batteries.
Strength analysis for civil aircraft fuel tank inerting system based on caepipe finite element modeling
Authors: Yue Peng , Zeng Zhe , Gao Chenhu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the architecture and component characteristics of the fuel tank inerting system in civil aircraft, as well as the loads it experiences. The study further investigates the strength of the system through a finite element model analysis by using CAEPIPE and explores the design of the bracket supporting the inerting system. The paper aims to contribute to the field by providing a detailed analysis of the fuel tank inerting system and its components, as well as offering insights into the system’s strength and design considerations.
The numerical simulation investigates the influence of agitator parameters on particle suspension characteristics
Authors: Zhao Xiuzheng , Qu Chang , Jin Zheng , Zhao Kai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of different agitator parameters in a baffleless stirred reactor on solid particle suspension during quaternary ammonium chitosan synthesis. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations investigate different agitator configurations, including blade diameter, rotational speed, and bottom clearance, to optimize chitosan particle distribution. Reducing the bottom clearance reduces particle accumulation, but can create stagnant zones that may disrupt fluid flow. Increasing the rotational speed improves particle distribution until a saturation point is reached. Increasing paddle diameter improves axial fluid circulation. Optimal settings for the vane size of a 180 mm reactor vessel are identified as 0.45 times the diameter, with a speed of 350 rpm, and a bottom clearance of 0.25 times the diameter. These simulations provide critical insight into the suspension of solid particles in baffleless stirred reactors and provide valuable guidance for optimizing stirrer parameters.
Research on the heat treatment process of intravascular nitinol stents
Authors: Zhu Lin , Teng Ruijing , Zhao Jonathon , Tu Jiangping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With the aging of China’s population and changes in dietary structure, the incidence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is increasing year by year, and the number of PADs requiring intervention is increasing. Atherosclerosis, inflammation, trauma or injury, structural abnormalities of ligaments or muscles, or exposure to radiation are common causes of PAD. Minimally invasive treatment is an effective method to treat PAD, and nitinol alloy vascular stent has become an effective and safe minimally invasive interventional treatment method because of its shape memory effect, super elasticity, and excellent biocompatibility. This topic mainly studies the preparation of nitinol stents through finite element analysis simulation and heat treatment shaping. The stents are analyzed by optical microscope, DSC, Tensile Testing Machine, and Radial Force Tester. The specific research results are as follows: through finite element analysis, the shaping process parameters of the stent are determined. When the diameter of the stent is expanded to 5 mm in three steps, as the heating temperature increases from 500°C to 540°C, the color of the stent surface changes from blue to yellow, the temperature of the stent Af decreases, the radial support force and the stress of the upper and lower yield plateaus of the stent increase.
Experiments for control of boundary layer transition by plasma actuators
Authors: Song Tianwei , Zhang Ziqi , Shi Zhenxing , Chi Dejian , Duan Xu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Plasma flow control technology is a new type of active flow control technology, and this paper carries out certain research on the basic principle of plasma flow control technology and its application on the wing model. The paper introduces the theory of plasma discharge and analyzes how plasma can control the flow field. A parallel dielectric barrier discharge plasma exciter is then designed and tested by using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique to investigate the spatial flow field distributions of single-stage and three-stage actuators, and the mechanism of jet generation by the actuator is analyzed. Finally, the plasma actuator was utilized to control flow separation on a super-zero-boundary airfoil, and the oil droplet interferometric method was used to study the actuator’s role in controlling boundary layer transition. The experiment revealed that increasing the actuator discharge voltage can further reduce wall drag and more effectively delay the transition. Under the given conditions of a head-on angle of 6° and the incoming wind speed of 20 m/s, a two-stage actuator’s continuous discharge parameter was set to an output voltage of 12 kV and an output frequency of 4.7 kHz. The results showed that the transition position can be delayed by 13%, indicating the effectiveness of the actuator’s jet effect in enhancing the stability of the boundary layer flow.
Effect of the span length for using finite to analogize infinite beam on viscoelastic foundation under a harmonic moving load
Authors: Gao Siyu , Shi Kang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Railways with continuous rails are often modeled as infinite beams. In this paper, closed-form solution is firstly derived for the response of an infinite beam supported by viscoelastic foundation under a harmonic moving load by residue theorem method. The most suitable span length will be found for the analogic finite beam to best represent the deflection of the infinite beam for practical reasons. Starting from the equations of motion, closed-form solution is firstly derived for the infinite beam. Then, a FEM modeling procedure will be adopted to conform the validity of the solution derived analytically. The deflection curves of the infinite beam and analogic finite beam are compared for various parameters.
Analysis of failure mechanism of local compression in concrete cone foundation based on FEA
Authors: Liu Hong , Xiao Meiling , Xie Jin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The ANSYS software is used for finite element numerical simulation to analyze the failure mechanism of local compression in concrete cone foundations in conjunction with previous experimental experience. The results reveal that the “hooping action” of surrounding concrete and the arch structure under the compression zone causes the increase of local compression in the concrete cone foundation. According to the findings of the analyses, the failure of local compression in concrete cone foundations is caused by the combined action of top shear force, middle splitting force, and top splitting force. The results also demonstrate that the failure mechanism of local compression in concrete cone foundations may be explained more rationally by integrating the theories of hoop strengthening and shear strength. These results serve as a basis for further study into the calculation method of cone foundation local compression.
Influence patterns of shear-thickening gel on overload transmission: a numerical simulation study
Authors: Wang Shuai , Pi Aiguo , Wang Shaohong , Huang He 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To address signal aliasing challenges encountered by smart munition fuzes during penetration and layer counting processes, this study employs shear-thickening gel (STG) as a cushioning protective material for accelerometers. Based on the SHPB test platform, the test is designed and the finite element numerical simulation is carried out. The thickness of the shear-thickening gel specimen is treated as a research variable, enabling a systematic analysis of its mechanical filtering effect on overload acceleration. Furthermore, a spring-damping physical model for the cushioning structure is established, facilitating a theoretical exploration of the filtering mechanism on the acceleration signal. Research findings indicate that within a certain frequency bandwidth, STG materials can effectively filter out high-frequency signals received by the accelerometer. Additionally, augmenting the thickness of STG materials has a positive impact on achieving superior filtering performance within the high-frequency range.
A generalized wind turbine cross section as a reduced-order model to gain insights in blade aeroelastic challenges
Authors: Branlard E. , Jonkman J. , Porter J. H. , Vijayakumar G. , Jonkman B. , Singh M. , Mayda E. , Dixon K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present an approach to study the aeroelastic stability of a wind turbine by focusing on the dynamics of a blade cross section. We present a methodology to obtain a reduced-order model of the blade dynamics in the form of generalized cross-sectional quantities that approximates the aerodynamic and structural properties of the full blade. The motivation for the work is to gain a physical understanding of the influence of aerodynamic models such as dynamic wake and dynamic stall on the frequency and damping of the structure using a reduced-order model with low computational cost. The model may be coupled to two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics softwares or engineering unsteady airfoil aerodynamics models accounting for dynamic wake and dynamic stall. In the latter case, we can obtain monolithic state-space forms of the aeroelastic system of equations, which simplifies the determination of the modal parameters and therefore the study of stability. The work investigates wind turbines in operation or at standstill, where vortex-induced vibrations and stall-induced vibrations, respectively, might be an issue. The implementation is made available as part of the open-source Python package WELIB and as part of the open-source unsteady aerodynamic driver of OpenFAST.
Challenges in Rotor Aerodynamic Modeling for Non-Uniform Inflow Conditions
Authors: Boorsma K , Schepers J G , Pirrung G R , Madsen H A , Sørensen N N , Grinderslev C , Bangga G , Imiela M , Croce A , Cacciola S , Blondel F , Branlard E , Jonkman J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Within an international collaboration framework, the accuracy of rotor aerodynamic models used for design load calculations of wind turbines is being assessed. Where the use of high-fidelity computation fluid dynamics (CFD) and mid-fidelity free-vortex wake (FVW) models has become commonplace within the wind energy community, these still fail to meet the requirements in terms of execution time and computational cost needed for design load calculations. The fast but engineering fidelity blade-element/momentum (BEM) method can therefore still be considered the industry workhorse for design load simulations.
At the same time, upscaling of wind turbine rotors makes inflow non-uniformities (e.g. shear, veer, turbulence) more important. The objective of this work is to assess model accuracy in non-uniform inflow conditions, which violate several BEM assumptions. Thereto a comparison in turbulent inflow has been executed including a wide variety of codes, focusing on the DanAero field measurements, where a 2.3-MW turbine was equipped with, among other sensors, a pressure measurement apparatus. The results indicate that, although average load patterns are in good agreement, this does not hold for the unsteady loads that drive fatigue damage and aero-elastic stability. A simplified comparison round in vertical shear was initiated to investigate the observed differences in a more controlled manner. A consistent offset in load amplitude was observed between CFD and free-vortex codes on the one hand and BEM-type codes on the other hand. To shed more light on the observations, dedicated efforts are ongoing to pinpoint the cause for these differences, in the end leading to guidelines for an improved BEM implementation.
Impacts of dynamic stall on engineering model predictions of wind turbines loads under design load cases
Authors: Bangga Galih , Yu Jingyi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The present work is aimed specifically at providing an order of estimate of the load changes due to the inclusion of unsteady aerodynamic effects. Two dynamic stall models are assessed: (1) the incompressible version of the Beddoes-Leishman model and (2) the newly developed IAG dynamic stall model. Two sets of attached flow constants are considered, based on the flat plate approximations according to Jones and the original constants adopted by the IAG model. On top of that, the influence of the impulsive contributions is also highlighted. This work is aimed at filling the gap of the state-of-the-art since at present there is no available study which compares the impacts of using the IAG model against the BL model in real design load case (DLC) scenarios required for wind turbine designs, considering it is very important to estimate loads changes depending on the engineering model being used. It will significantly influence the design of wind turbine structures, especially blades and the strength of the materials for the manufacturing process. Toward the end, providing a proper estimate into the load changes will greatly influence the cost required in blade design and manufacturing. The present study investigates the influence of dynamic stall modeling on the loads acting on wind turbines with various sizes, ranging from 2.5 MW to 8 MW of the rated power. In the studies, both onshore and offshore conditions are considered to obtain the full picture into the engineering modeling effects.
Wind Turbine Aeroelastic Stability in OpenFAST
Authors: Bortolotti Pietro , Chetan Mayank , Branlard Emmanuel , Jonkman Jason , Platt Andy , Slaughter Derek , Rinker Jennifer 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Wind turbines are growing in size and increasingly suffer from aeroelastic instabilities. Unfortunately, numerical models often show inconsistent results during verification studies. We address this gap by first introducing novel linearization capabilities within the open-source aero-hydro-servo-elastic framework OpenFAST. Next, a code-to-code benchmark study is presented that compares modal parameters between OpenFAST and HAWCStab2 for a land-based version of the International Energy Agency 15-MW reference wind turbine modeled with quasi-steady aerodynamics. The two solvers are in strong agreement except for discrepancies in the second rotor flapwise modes. The differences are attributed to the torsional flexibility of the tower, which is assumed torsionally stiff in the OpenFAST model. Work is ongoing to close this modeling gap. The aeroelastic stability of a low-specific-power land-based wind turbine is also investigated. The impact of design choices is discussed, high-lighting how narrow the margins are between a stable design and an unstable design.
Assessing the impact of vortex generators on the dynamic stall behaviour of a thick airfoil
Authors: Sahoo Abhratej , Ferreira Carlos Simao , Yu Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Modern slender wind turbine blades use thick inboard airfoils and thicker trailing edges prone to flow separation. The increasing size of these flexible blades amplifies the importance of considering unsteady aerodynamics during the design phase. Environmental conditions result in Leading Edge Erosion (LER), further complicating the sectional unsteady aerodynamic behaviour. Although vortex generators are a well-studied method for passive separation control under steady conditions, their influence on unsteady aerodynamics for clean and rough blade sections is an area that requires further exploration. While some numerical studies exist, reliable experimental data is lacking in the literature. This work presents experimental results on the dynamic stall behaviour of a DU97W300 airfoil, a typical thick root section. The investigation covers both clean and rough conditions, both with and without VGs, to create an understanding of how VGs impact dynamic stall. Moreover, various VG array configurations are used to study the parametric dependence of dynamic stall phenomena on the VG array parameters.