bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding systems and rhythms for minority recruitment in intervention research
Authors: Hines‐Martin Vicki , Speck Barbara J. , Stetson Barbara , Looney Stephen W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe describe one approach for recruitment and retention of minority individuals in intervention research using a systematic environmental perspective based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems (BES) model and the construct of temporality. An exemplar in a physical activity intervention study with low‐income and primarily African American women is presented. The exemplar illustrates application of BES and temporality to enhance recruitment and retention in research focused on understanding and accommodating environmental influences. Using this theory based approach resulted in successful recruitment and a high level of participant retention. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:657–670, 2009
Mechanical properties, surface chemistry, and barrier characteristics of electron beam irradiated‐annealed LDPE/PA6/LDPE multi‐layer films at N2
Authors: Rajaee Elham , Jahani Yousef , Safarpour Mohammad Ali , Vaseghi Mohammad Rahim 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effects of electron beam irradiation in the nitrogen environment, on chain scission, crosslinking, crystallinity, mechanical performance, and barrier properties of LDPE/PA6/LDPE multi‐layer films were studied. The evaluation of radiation‐induced crosslinking effect by the gel content measurement and Charlesby–Pinner plot suggested more of crosslinking over chain scission, in all the layers, which was more pronounced in polyethylene phase. The FTIR analysis results showed good agreement with those observed by the gel content measurements. It is believed that the crosslinking reaction had occurred through the CN bonds in polyamide‐6, and vinyl group in polyethylene layers. The evaluation of radiation effect on the crystallinity and crosslinking of films by FTIR technique showed that by increasing the applied doses, the crystallinity in all the layers was decreased and the crosslinking was increased. The differential scanning calorimetry of irradiated samples revealed that due to the crosslinking reaction, the crystallinity was decreased by the applied dose. The tensile strength of the films was increased and the percent elongation at break was decreased, by increasing the applied doses. This study was also indicated that the radiation‐induced crosslinking effect on the tensile properties was dominantly observed up to 50 kGy. The surface free energy analysis of the films using the contact angle measurement and geometric mean equation indicated that the surface polarity was decreased by increasing the absorbed doses. It was found that due to the decline in the surface polarity and the simultaneously formation of crosslinked network in these films, both water vapor transmission rate and oxygen permeability were significantly decreased. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonically assisted in situ emulsion polymerization: a facile approach to prepare conducting copolymer/silica nanocomposites
Authors: Haldorai Yuvaraj , Long Pham Quang , Noh Seok Kyun , Lyoo Won Seok , Shim Jae‐Jin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUltrasonically assisted in situ emulsion polymerization was used to prepare electrically conducting copolymer poly(aniline‐co‐p‐phenylenediamine) [poly(Ani‐co‐pPD)] and silica (SiO2) nancomposites. This approach can solve problems in the dispersion and stabilization of SiO2 nanoparticles in the copolymer matrix. It was found that the aggregation of SiO2 nanoparticles could be reduced under ultrasonic irradiation. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) confirmed that the resulting poly(Ani‐co‐pPD)/SiO2 nanocomposite particles were spherical in shape, in which SiO2 nanoparticles were well dispersed. The comonomer molecules were absorbed on the surface of SiO2 particles and then polymerized to form core–shell nanocomposite. The incorporation of SiO2 in the nanocomposite was supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). UV‐visible spectra of the diluted colloid dispersion of nanocomposite particles were similar to those of the neat copolymer. Conductivity of nanocomposites was higher than the value obtained for the neat copolymer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of novel h‐HTBN/PEG PU copolymers: effect of surface properties on hemocompatibility
Authors: Nan Yun‐Fei , Luo Yan‐Ling , Xu Feng , Chen Ya‐Shao , Di Hong‐Wei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis work reported the hydrophilicity, hemocompatibility, and cytotoxicity of novel polyurethane (PU) scaffolds for tissue engineering, especially the hydrolysis effect of a soft‐segmented component, a hydrolytically‐modified hydroxyl‐terminated poly(butadiene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (h‐HTBN), on these properties. The PU copolymers were prepared by coupling poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with the h‐HTBN together with the help of 1,1‐methylene bis‐(4‐isocyanatocyclohexane) as a bridging reagent. The structure of PU copolymers was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The experimental results indicated that the hydrolytically‐modified HTBN increases water absorption and decreases water contact angles, improving surface hydrophilicity. The synthesized h‐HTBN/PEG PU copolymers display low hemolysis activity, and a little amount of platelet adhesion and activation, implying good compatibility. The methyl tretrazolium (MTT) assays elicited that the cytotoxicity is related to the component ratios of h‐HTBN to PEG and the hydrolysis modification of HTBN. The PU scaffolds can be employed as potential candidates for blood contacting applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genomic instability and the selection of treatments for cancer
Authors: Martin Sarah A , Hewish Madeleine , Lord Christopher J , Ashworth Alan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA critical link exists between DNA mutation and chromosomal rearrangements (genomic instability) and cancer development. This genomic instability can manifest itself as small changes at the nucleotide level or as gross chromosomal alterations. Mutations in the genes that encode DNA damage response proteins are responsible for a variety of genomic instability syndromes including hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal carcinoma, Bloom's syndrome, ataxia‐telangiectasia, BRCA‐associated breast and ovarian cancers and Fanconi anaemia. Similarly, epigenetic silencing of genes associated with the maintenance of genomic stability have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Here, we discuss how different tumours may be classified not only by tumour site but also by the type of underlying genetic instability. This type of classification may assist in the optimization of existing treatment regimens as well as informing the development of new therapeutic approaches. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wnts, bone and cancer
Authors: Thomas David M 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Wnt pathway plays vital roles in bone and in cancer. In this issue of The Journal of Pathology, Cai and colleagues report results that suggest that the Wnt pathway is inactivated in bone cancers, a finding that could have significant implications for the development of Wnt agonists as bone anabolic agents. While these findings are at odds with the prevailing view that the Wnt pathway is oncogenic in all systems studied to date, they remind us how complex and still poorly understood this important signalling pathway remains. At the very least, these findings should provoke debate and stimulate further research into the role of Wnt signalling in osteosarcoma. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HLA alloimmunization is associated with RBC antibodies in multiply transfused patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: McPherson Marianne E. , Anderson Alan R. , Castillejo Marta‐Inés , Hillyer Christopher D. , Bray Robert A. , Gebel Howard M. , Josephson Cassandra D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundAlloimmunization to minor red blood cell (RBC) antigens occurs commonly in sickle cell disease (SCD). Patients with alloimmunization demonstrate increased risk for new alloantibody formation with subsequent transfusion. Alloimmunization to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) can occur with RBC transfusion and may result in graft rejection during stem cell or organ transplantation. The prevalence and risk factors for HLA alloimmunization in multiply transfused pediatric SCD patients are unknown.ProcedureA cross‐sectional study of HLA alloimmunization in SCD patients aged 3–21 years with a history of ≥3 RBC transfusions was performed to test the hypothesis that HLA alloimmunization is associated with RBC alloimmunization. Antibodies to class I and class II HLA were measured by Flow Panel Reactive Antibody (FlowPRA®).ResultsSeventy‐three SCD patients (30 with RBC antibodies) were tested. HLA antibodies were detected in 25/73 (34%) patients; class I HLA antibodies occurred in 24/73 (33%) and class II HLA antibodies occurred in 3 (4%). Among patients with RBC antibodies, 16/30 (53%) had HLA antibodies, while 9/43 (21%) patients without RBC antibodies had HLA antibodies (OR 4.32 [1.6–12.1]). In a multivariate analysis, antibodies to RBC antigens were an independent predictor of HLA alloimmunization (P = 0.041). The association of RBC and HLA immunization was strongest among patients with no history of chronic transfusion therapy.ConclusionsThis analysis is the first description of HLA alloimmunization in pediatric SCD patients who receive primarily leukoreduced RBC transfusions and demonstrates that HLA alloimmunization tendency is associated with antibodies to RBC antigens. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:552–558. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pioniere der Informationstechnologie. Physik‐Nobelpreis 2009
Authors: Petermann Klaus , Strüder Lothar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDen diesjährigen Nobelpreis für Physik erhalten Charles K. Kao für seine bahnbrechenden Erfolge auf dem Gebiet der Lichtwellenleiter sowie Willard S. Boyle und George E. Smith für die Entwicklung des CCD‐Sensors.
Phasen eines Photons
Authors: Rempe Gerhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDie Quantenphysik ermöglicht die abhörsichere Übertragung geheimer Daten und die Realisierung eines Quantencomputers. Ideale Übermittler von Quanteninformation sind einzelne Photonen. Dazu müssen diese kontrollierbar sein. Neben Form, Polarisation und Frequenz lässt sich jetzt sogar die Phase einzelner Photonen steuern. Außer Anwendungen in Quanteninformationssystemen vertieft dies auch unser Verständnis der Teilcheneigenschaften von Licht.
Asymmetrische Polarlichter
Authors: Vollmer Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPolarlichter werden häufig zur selben Zeit sowohl auf der Nord‐ als auch der Südhalbkugel gesichtet. Entgegen der üblichen Erwartung wurde nun erstmals durch zeitgleiche Satellitenbeobachtungen nachgewiesen, dass die Stärke der Leuchterscheinungen deutliche Asymmetrien zwischen den beiden Hemisphären aufweist.
Polarisierender Physikunterricht
Authors: Merzyn Gottfried 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDer Physikunterricht hat es mit zwei sehr gegensätzlichen Adressatengruppen zu tun: den naturwissenschaftlich besonders Begabten und Interessierten sowie den vielen Übrigen. Das führt zu markanten Unterrichtserfolgen bei den einen und gleichzeitig erheblichen Problemen bei den anderen Schülern. Verantwortlich für die Probleme sind unter anderem Inhaltsauswahl, Unterrichtsmethoden und Anspruchsniveau. Für breitere Resonanz benötigt das Fach ein neues Konzept.
Astronomie unter dem Sonnenkönig
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNur wenige Physiker und Astronomen gehen in die Geschichtsbücher ein, und nur wenige unter diesen Wenigen erfahren die Ehre, dass eine Raumsonde nach ihnen benannt wird. Er gehört zu diesen Auserwählten. Kein Wunder, hat er doch die Ringe des Saturn im Fernrohr studiert wie keiner vor ihm und zudem noch einen Mond entdeckt.
Synthesis of high glass transition temperature copolymers based on poly(vinyl chloride) via single electron transfer—Degenerative chain transfer mediated living radical polymerization (SET‐DTLRP) of vinyl chloride in water
Authors: Coelho Jorge F. J. , Mendonça Patrícia V. , Popov Anatoliy V. , Percec Virgil , Gonçalves Pedro M. O. F. , Gil Maria Helena 
Published: November 2009

Abstractα,ω‐di(iodo) poly(isobornyl acrylate) macroiniators (α,ω‐di(iodo)PIA) with number average molecular weight from Mn,TriSEC = 11,456 to Mn,TriSEC = 94,361 were synthesized by single electron transfer‐degenerative chain transfer mediated living radical polymerization (SET‐DTLRP) of isobornyl acrylate (IA) initiated with iodoform (CHI3) and catalyzed by sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) in water at 35 °C. The plots of number average molecular weight vs conversion and ln{[M]0/[M]} vs time are linear, indicating a controlled polymerization. α,ω‐di(iodo) poly(isobornyl acrylate) have been used as a macroinitiator for the SET‐DTLRP of vinyl chloride (VCM) leading to high Tg block copolymers PVC‐b‐PIA‐b‐PVC. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of the block copolymers suggests just one phase indicating that copolymer behaves as a single material. This technology provides the possibility of synthesizing materials based on PVC with higher Tg in aqueous medium. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009
Disrupted sleep in breast and prostate cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy: the role of coping processes
Authors: Thomas KaMala S. , Bower Julienne , Hoyt Michael A. , Sepah Saviz 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground: Sleep problems are a common complaint in cancer patients that have been understudied. Methods: This study examined changes in sleep in 33 breast cancer (BC) patients and 23 prostate cancer (PC) patients during radiation therapy and over a 6‐month followup. Coping processes were examined as predictors of sleep. Self‐reported sleep was assessed at eight time‐points before, during, and after treatment using the Medical Outcomes Study—Sleep Scale. The COPE Scale was used to assess coping processes before treatment onset. Results: Mixed effects linear modeling analyses revealed that both BC and PC patients reported the most sleep problems prior to and during the early weeks of treatment. Coping strategies predicted sleep trajectories in both groups. In particular, approach coping predicted better sleep in PC patients, whereas avoidance coping predicted worst sleep in both PC and BC patients (p's<0.05). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of evaluating sleep in patients as they undergo treatment for cancer. Additionally, they suggest that interventions aimed at increasing the use of approach‐oriented coping strategies may improve sleep and quality of life in these patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical studies of the evolution of the core/shell interface in CdSe‐ and CdS‐based core/shell nanostructures with a narrow‐gap shell
Authors: Azhniuk Yu. M. , Dzhagan V. M. , Rayevska O. E. , Kuchmiy S. Ya. , Valakh M. Ya. , Zahn D. R. T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractII‐VI semiconductor core/shell nanostructures with narrower bandgap shell (CdS/HgS, CdS/Ag2S, CdSe/HgSe, and CdSe/ Ag2Se), obtained from aqueous solutions in the presence of gelatin, are studied by optical absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy. The observed non‐monotonous behaviour of the spectra with the effective shell thickness is related to the evolution of the core/shell interface in the course of the shell formation. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In‐situ IR synchrotron mapping ellipsometry on stimuli‐responsive PAA‐b‐PS/PEG mixed polymer brushes
Authors: Aulich Dennis , Hoy Olha , Luzinov Igor , Eichhorn Klaus‐Jochen , Stamm Manfred , Gensch Michael , Schade Ullrich , Esser Norbert , Hinrichs Karsten 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA binary polymer brush consisting of weak polyelectrolytes was investigated with infrared synchrotron mapping ellipsometry in‐situ under the influence of different aqueous solutions. Thickness of the brush layer in dry state was ∼15 nm. The brush, consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(acrylic acid)‐b‐poly(styrene) in a 50/50 composition was switched between two different states by changing the pH of the solution. An IR mapping ellipsometer at the IRIS beamline located at the BESSY II synchrotron facility in Berlin, Germany, was used for high lateral resolution in‐situ measurements. The results show strong chemical changes in the brush layer due to COOH – COO– conversion of the PAA's carboxylic groups. Measurements with spot sizes of ∼1 mm on different positions on the samples proved good homogeneity of the brush layer and the qualification of this method for investigation of ultrathin organic films in aqueous solutions in‐situ with IR ellipsometry. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atomic layer deposited aluminum oxide films on graphite and graphene studied by XPS and AFM
Authors: Speck Florian , Ostler Markus , Röhrl Jonas , Emtsev Konstantin V. , Hundhausen Martin , Ley Lothar , Seyller Thomas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEpitaxial graphene (EG) grown by solid‐state decomposition of SiC is a promising material for future graphenebased electronics. On EG, the fabrication of a field‐effect device requires the deposition of suitable gate insulator. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of aluminum oxide might be useful for this purpose. Therefore, we investigated the growth of ALD‐Al2O3 on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and EG by atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy.Water as oxidant in the ALD process leads to inhomogeneous nucleation, whereas ozone leads to the formation of closed oxide layers. However, significant degradation of the EG takes place at higher temperatures and ozone exposure as witnessed by XPS and Raman spectroscopy. Careful adjustment of the process parameters allows reducing the damage to a level undetectable in XPS while providing enough nucleation centers for the formation of a closed Al2O3 film potentially suitable as a gate insulator (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A promiscuous dicopper(II) system promoting the hydrolysis of bis(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)phosphate: Gaining mechanistic insight by means of structural and spectroscopic DFT studies
Authors: Rey Nicolás A. , Neves Ademir , de Almeida Wagner B. , Dos Santos Hélio F. , Costa Luiz Antônio S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCatechol oxidases (COs) are plant enzymes that belong to the oxidoreductases class. They contain a dinuclear copper center in their active site. In this article, we have investigated the dicopper(II) model complex [Cu2(μ‐OH)(C21H33ON6)]2+ (Complex‐A) under a computational perspective, using the DFT method, since this approach has been very useful in the treatment of bimetallic copper systems. The structural and spectroscopic study of Complex‐A as well as the structural analysis of the BDNPP/Complex‐A (Complex‐B) adduct have been carried out. The calculated parameters for Complex‐A are in good accordance with the experimental X‐ray data. Some remarkable points can be observed from the calculated UV–vis relative excitations. The Complex‐B computed structure verifies its identity as a key intermediate species in the BDNPP hydrolysis mechanism. The CuII···CuII calculated distance in Complex‐B (3.026 Å) is shorter than the calculated for Complex‐A (3.080 Å); one copper atom is bonded to the oxygen of phosphate [Cu (2)···O64–P] at 2.511 Å. These arguments clearly suggest a monodentate interaction and lead to a new mechanism involving terminal substrate coordination and subsequent intramolecular nucleophilic attack by a bridging hydroxide. Such a hypothesis is completely new in terms of homobimetallic copper systems, and may have important implications regarding the chemistry of several biological dinuclear catalytic sites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
The electronic structure of biologically relevant Fe(0) systems
Authors: Kis Zoltán , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Radu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecent experimental data from us and others indicate formation of Fe(0) complexes of biologically relevant systems, which may be involved in carbon dioxide reduction to CO. Here, density functional theory results are presented in heme Fe(0) models (relevant for proteins such as hemoglobin and peroxidases), including adducts with carbonate/CO2 and CO. The electronic structures of such formally Fe(0) complexes are found to involve descriptions ranging from clear Fe(II) (with the extra two electrons residing on the ligands) to an Fe(0) state proposed for an unprecedented Fe(0)CO2 adduct. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Tautomeric forms of adenine: Vertical ionization energies and Dyson orbitals
Authors: Singh Raman K. , Ortiz J. V. , Mishra Manoj K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFor the MP2/6‐311++g(2df,p) optimized geometry of all the 14 adenine tautomers, the first three vertical ionization energies have been calculated using several electron propagator decouplings. The corresponding Dyson orbitals provide detailed insight into the role of structural variations in different adenine tautomers. Changes in the electron binding energies and the corresponding Dyson orbital amplitudes have been correlated with tautomeric proton shifts and changes in conjugation patterns. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Interaction between NH2NO and H2O2: A quantum chemistry study
Authors: Roohi Hossein , Nowroozi Alireza , Bavafa Sadegh , Akbary Fahemeh , Eshghi Fazlola 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe H‐bonded complexes formed from interaction between NH2NO (NA) and H2O2(HP) have been investigated by using B3LYP and MP2 methods with a wide range of basis sets. We found six H‐bonded complexes in which three of them have cyclic structure. Calculations carried out at various levels show that the seven‐membered cyclic structure with O···HO and O···HN hydrogen bonding interactions is the most stable complex. The large binding energy obtained for A1 complex probably results from a more linear arrangement of the O···HN and OH···OH‐bonds in the seven‐membered structure A1. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and the Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules have been used to elucidate the interaction characteristics of the NA‐HP complexes. The NBO results reveal that the charge transfer energy corresponds to the H‐bond interactions for A1 complex is grater than other complexes. The electrostatic nature of H‐bond interactions is predicted from QTAIM analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
An alternative approach to designing stabilizing compensators for saturating linear time‐invariant plants
Authors: Roy Sandip , Wan Yan , Saberi Ali , Malek Babak 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe present a new methodology for designing low‐gain linear time‐invariant (LTI) controllers for semi‐global stabilization of an LTI plant with actuator saturation, which is based on the representation of a proper LTI feedback using a pre‐compensator‐plus‐static‐output‐feedback architecture. We also mesh the new design methodology with time‐scale notions to develop lower‐order controllers for some plants. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic equivalence and contiguity of some random graphs
Authors: Janson Svante 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe show that asymptotic equivalence, in a strong form, holds between two random graph models with slightly differing edge probabilities under substantially weaker conditions than what might naively be expected.One application is a simple proof of a recent result by van den Esker, van der Hofstad, and Hooghiemstra on the equivalence between graph distances for some random graph models. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010