bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong Reporting Culture as Stepping Stone To Continuously Drive Safety Performance Improvement
Authors: Stough J.. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
This paper will review the leading indicator research findings drawn from analyzing a large Energy industry data set. The source of research includes data sets and Safety business practices spanning operating sites in over 100 countries involving some global industry leading companies such as ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, Shell, Total, OMV, and multiple others.
From the analytical research and careful review with industry Safety executives and Subject Matter Experts, it was clear that attaining a strong Reporting Culture is a critical milestone necessary to begin the process of proactively driving Safety performance. The factors that best predicted the Safety outcome performance of an organization included measurements of (a) proactive event reporting (Reporting Culture), (b) the discipline and consistency in execution of HSE processes, (c) the timeliness in closure of important corrective / preventive actions, and finally (d) the responsiveness and accountability of supervisors and line managers.
In each of these key areas, solid performance can be attributed to the tone set by leadership and the influential day-to-day behavior of field supervision and line management. So, we will explore how these leaders can be engaged to improve the above factors.
This paper will also review the measurable leading factors that have been found to be uniquely strong in organizations that have sustained top-level Safety lagging performance. We will review some examples of creative technology solutions to reach out to front-line workers and leaders to engage them directly in the reporting process.
Lastly we will discuss the affects of risk-aware, accountable leadership in each of the key leading areas. And finally, we will demonstrate a process for implementing practical, "actionable" leading metrics in each key area to drive line manager / leadership behavior and ultimately improve HSE performance outcomes.
Compositional Flow Simulation Using Reduced-Variables and Stability-Analysis Bypassing
Authors: Pan Huanquan , Tchelepi Hamdi A. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The Phase Equilibrium Computations (PEC) associated with compositional flow simulation include: (1) Phase-Stability Analysis (PSA) of single-phase cells, and (2) Two-Phase Flash (TPF) for cells that change from one to two phases over a Newton iteration. For simulation of multi-contact miscible displacements, the PEC cost increases dramatically with the number of components, and for highly detailed models, PEC can become the most time consuming part of a simulation. In this work, we integrated the Reduced-Variables (RV) method (Pan and Firoozabadi 2002, 2003) for PEC with a compositional simulator that uses the natural-variables formulation (Coats, 1980). We also implemented an RV-based form of Rasmussen et al.'s (2006) method for bypassing PSA computations during a simulation run. We present and analyze simulation results for a wide range of problems. Specifically, we used three reservoir models: the top layer of the SPE10 reservoir model, a discrete fracture model, and a 3D model with 400,000 cells. Three different fluids were investigated, namely, the SPE3 fluid (9 components in the critical region), a 15-component gas-condensate system at high pressure, and a 26-component oil. We focused on multi-contact miscible displacement involving complex phase behavior, both in space and time. Compositional flow simulation with the RV-based method for bypassing PSA computations proved to be robust and efficient. Compared with the standard approach, over 80% of the PSA computations are bypassed, and where PSA is needed, the RV-based Newton method converges quadratically. In a typical simulation, the PEC computations take up only about 10% of the total CPU time. The exceptional performance of the RV-based method with PSA bypassing allows for modeling complex EOR processes of practical interest, where large numbers of components and highly detailed reservoir descriptions are needed. Implementation of the RV-based approach with PSA bypassing in existing reservoir simulators, especially those based on the natural-variables set, is straight forward.
Disruption of Thyroid Hormone Activation in Type 2 Deiodinase Knockout Mice Causes Obesity With Glucose Intolerance and Liver Steatosis Only at Thermoneutrality
Authors: Castillo Melany , Hall Jessica A. , Correa-Medina Mayrin , Ueta Cintia , Won Kang Hye , Cohen David E. , Bianco Antonio C. 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
Thyroid hormone accelerates energy expenditure; thus, hypothyroidism is intuitively associated with obesity. However, studies failed to establish such a connection. In brown adipose tissue (BAT), thyroid hormone activation via type 2 deiodinase (D2) is necessary for adaptive thermogenesis, such that mice lacking D2 (D2KO) exhibit an impaired thermogenic response to cold. Here we investigate whether the impaired thermogenesis of D2KO mice increases their susceptibility to obesity when placed on a high-fat diet.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
To test this, D2KO mice were admitted to a comprehensive monitoring system acclimatized to room temperature (22°C) or thermoneutrality (30°C) and kept either on chow or high-fat diet for 60 days.

RESULTS
At 22°C, D2KO mice preferentially oxidize fat, have a similar sensitivity to diet-induced obesity, and are supertolerant to glucose. However, when thermal stress is eliminated at thermoneutrality (30°C), an opposite phenotype is encountered, one that includes obesity, glucose intolerance, and exacerbated hepatic steatosis. We suggest that a compensatory increase in BAT sympathetic activation of the D2KO mice masks metabolic repercussions that they would otherwise exhibit.

CONCLUSIONS
Thus, upon minimization of thermal stress, high-fat feeding reveals the defective capacity of D2KO mice for diet-induced thermogenesis, provoking a paradigm shift in the understanding of the role of the thyroid hormone in metabolism.
Regional, Geographic, and Racial/Ethnic Variation in Glycemic Control in a National Sample of Veterans With Diabetes
Authors: Egede Leonard E. , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Hunt Kelly J. , Axon Robert N. , Echols Carrae , Gilbert Gregory E. , Mauldin Patrick D. 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
We performed a retrospective analysis of a national cohort of veterans with diabetes to better understand regional, geographic, and racial/ethnic variation in diabetes control as measured by HbA1c.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a national cohort of 690,968 veterans with diabetes receiving prescriptions for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents in 2002 that were followed over a 5-year period. The main outcome measures were HbA1c levels (as continuous and dichotomized at ≥8.0%).

RESULTS
Relative to non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), HbA1c levels remained 0.25% higher in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs), 0.31% higher in Hispanics, and 0.14% higher in individuals with other/unknown/missing racial/ethnic group after controlling for demographics, type of medication used, medication adherence, and comorbidities. Small but statistically significant geographic differences were also noted with HbA1c being lowest in the South and highest in the Mid-Atlantic. Rural/urban location of residence was not associated with HbA1c levels. For the dichotomous outcome poor control, results were similar with race/ethnic group being strongly associated with poor control (i.e., odds ratios of 1.33 [95% CI 1.31–1.35] and 1.57 [1.54–1.61] for NHBs and Hispanics vs. NHWs, respectively), geographic region being weakly associated with poor control, and rural/urban residence being negligibly associated with poor control.

CONCLUSIONS
In a national longitudinal cohort of veterans with diabetes, we found racial/ethnic disparities in HbA1c levels and HbA1c control; however, these disparities were largely, but not completely, explained by adjustment for demographic characteristics, medication adherence, type of medication used to treat diabetes, and comorbidities.
Nontraditional Markers of Glycemia
Authors: Selvin Elizabeth , Francis Lesley M.A. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Coresh Josef , Brancati Frederick L. , Steffes Michael W. 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
To compare the associations of nontraditional (fructosamine, glycated albumin, 1,5-anhydroglucitol [1,5-AG]) and standard (fasting glucose, HbA1c) glycemic markers with common microvascular conditions associated with diabetes mellitus.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,600 participants (227 with a history of diabetes and 1,323 without) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a community-based population. We conducted logistic regression analyses of the associations of diabetes-specific tertiles of fructosamine, glycated albumin, 1/(1,5-AG), fasting glucose, and HbA1c with prevalence of chronic kidney disease, albuminuria, and retinopathy after adjustment for demographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables.

RESULTS
We observed significant positive trends in the associations of each marker with albuminuria and retinopathy, even after accounting for demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors (all P trends &lt;0.05). The associations with chronic kidney disease were similar in direction but were only significant for higher glycated albumin (P trend = 0.005), fructosamine (P trend = 0.003), and HbA1c (P trend = 0.005) values. After further adjustment for HbA1c, glycated albumin and fructosamine remained significantly or borderline significantly associated with the microvascular outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
In cross-sectional analyses, two serum markers of glycemia—glycated albumin and fructosamine—are as, or more strongly, associated with microvascular conditions as HbA1c. These markers may be useful in settings where whole blood is not available. Whether they might complement or outperform HbA1c in terms of long-term predictive value requires further investigation.
Theoretical studies of excitation dynamics in a peridinin-chlorophyll-protein coupled to a metallic nanoparticle
Authors: Schmidt Mikolaj , Mackowski Sebastian 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
In this work we study the influence of plasmon excitations on the excitation dynamics within a protein complex embedding two chlorophyll molecules coupled to a gold nanosphere. Small separation between the chlorophylls and metallic nanoparticle allows us to simplify the calculations of the Förster energy transfer rate and non-radiative processes by replacing a spherical nanoparticle with a metallic surface. Our results show modifications of all relevant processes and the energy transfer pathways within the system as well as the radiative processes. Plasmon induced changes result in strong qualitative effects of the fluorescence of the studied light-harvesting complex.
Preparation of polymeric nanoparticles using a new polymerizable surfactant
Authors: Bunio Paulina , Zielińska Katarzyna , Chlebicki Jan , Wilk Kazimiera 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
A novel polymerizable surfactant (so-called surfmer) was synthesized and characterized according to its structure, surface activity and polymerization ability. Polymeric micelles (size of 6 and 130 nm) appeared in the polyreaction initiated by free radicals from VA-044. In the presence of the monomer (i.e., methyl methacrylate) microemulsion systems were formed that in turn were transformed into latex entities (size — 40 nm). Additionally, an emulsion polymerization was performed with the use of n-hexadecane as an oil phase resulting in the production of nanocapsules (size in the range — 165–220 nm). The shape and morphologies of the nanoobjects were confirmed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
Characterization of chemical and physical parameters of post copper slag
Authors: Lowinska-Kluge Aldona , Piszora Pawel , Darul Jolanta , Kantel Teresa , Gambal Pawel 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Pilot studies concerning industrial scale application of post copper slag as a nano-additive for the modification of the corrosion resistance of cement composites have been described. The influence of a tribochemical treatment on some physicochemical properties as well as the corrosion resistance of the obtained composites have been evaluated based on DTG, RTG, and SEM coupled with EDX measurements and chemical analysis. It was observed that the so-called “size particle additive effect” influences the course and rate of transformations in the formed cement composites, and may lead to specific and desirable properties.
Uniform illumination by diffractive shaping of independent light beams
Authors: Sobczyk A. , Sypek M. , Siemion Ag. , Makowski M. , Siemion A. , Suszek J. , Kołodziejczyk A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article presents a new optical set-up for illumination of a common area with a few independent light sources. The main aim is to create a uniform light distribution of a constant shape even if one of the light sources will stop working. In such a case, the shape of the light distribution should remain unchanged, however, the total light intensity will be lower. The novelty of the proposed solution is based on the usage of a small number of the independent light sources in opposite to a well known LED arrays approach. The beam shaping is made using Dammann gratings and specially designed blazed phase diffractive gratings. The article contains the theoretical analysis and the computer simulation verified by the experiment.
A New Species of the Genus Proctophyllodes (Analgoidea, Proctophyllodidae) from Golden Oriole
Authors: Burdejnaja S. , Kivganov D. 
Published: February 2011

A New Species of the Genus Proctophyllodes (Analgoidea, Proctophyllodidae) from Golden Oriole
The species Proctophyllodes orioli Burdejnaja et Kivganov, sp. n. from Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus Linnaeus, 1758 (Passeriformes) was described (Zmiinyi Island, Ukraine). New species belonging to the group of species "musicus", is morphologically close to P. dasyxiphus Atyeo et Braasch, 1966 from (Eastem) Black-Headed Oriole Oriolus larvatus Lichtenstein, 1823.
New Faunistic Records of Tiger Moths in West Pakistan (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae, Arctiinae)
Authors: Gurko V. , Inayatullah M. , Mashwani M. 
Published: February 2011

New Faunistic Records of Tiger Moths in West Pakistan (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae, Arctiinae)
Four species were collected in Balochistan Province: Axiopoena maura (Eichwald, 1830), Lacydes incurvata (Ebert, 1973), Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758) and Nebrarctia transversa (Moore, 1879). L. incurvata is recorded from Pakistan for the first time. Distribution and systematic position of all mentioned species are discussed.
New Light on Neolithic Rock Carving The petroglyphs at Greenland (Auchentorlie), Dunbartonshire
Authors: MacKie E W , Davis A 
Published: February 2011

Summary Because of a quarrying threat the carved rock surfaces at Greenland were recorded afresh in 1984 but the site fortunately still exists. On the two carved outcrops are many cup-marks (some with tails) and a variety of cups-with-rings, mostly with short tails. The site is the first which can be shown to have been carved in two distinct phases, far apart in time, and the first at which the carving (as opposed to the re-use) of some of the symbols can be approximately dated. The later petroglyphs were evidently done after the main outcrop was quarried, and the construction nearby of a timber-framed dun in the late Bronze Age provides an explanation for this damage. Other archaeological evidence supports this view which has important implications. (EWM) The Greenland carvings have been used to test the hypothesis that many cup-and-ring carvings were initially laid out using a very elementary 'equal width' geometry using a simple trammel and, further, that the diameters of such rings were usually measured in multiples of a unit of measurement approximately equal to the 'megalithic inch' of 0.816ins proposed by Alexander Thorn. Most of the rings from the Greenland site have shapes consistent with the geometrical hypothesis, and evidence for the proposed unit of measurement is obtained which is statistically significant at the 2%level. (AD)
The Use of Wood as a Natural Resource at a Scottish Mesolithic Site
Authors: Boyd W. E. , Kenworthy J. B. 
Published: February 2011

Summary The excavation of the archaeological site at Nethermills Farm yielded Mesolithic material, including large quantities of carbonised wood and nut fragments, discussed in this paper. Their analysis indicates a pronounced domination of Quercus (oak). This probably means that wood was collected from local woodland in which oak was dominant. A similar pattern – in which wood use reflects local availability – has been seen at other Mesolithic sites and suggests that no resource management was practised at that time.
Excavation of a shell midden site at Carding Mill Bay near Oban, Scotland
Authors: Connock K. D. , Finlayson B. , Mills C. M. 
Published: February 2011

Summary Rescue excavation of a shell midden was undertaken after its discovery during construction work. The site showed evidence of disturbance prior to excavation but it clearly consisted of two main elements, a shell midden containing ‘Obanian’ artefacts and, at the top of this, a fragmentary second millennium cist burial. The main significance of the site lies in the late date it provided for the ‘Obanian’ material. The site was excavated by the Lorn Archaeological Society and the post-excavation work was funded and organised by Historic Scotland.
Eugène Huzar et l'invention du catastrophisme technologique
Authors: Fressoz Jean-Baptiste 
Published: February 2011

En 1855, paraît La fin du monde par la science . Son auteur : un avocat obscur au nom d’Eugène Huzar ; son originalité : proposer la première philosophie catastrophiste du progrès technologique. Huzar nous intéresse aujourd’hui en tant que symptôme : à l’encontre du grand récit postmoderne, il nous montre que la modernité positiviste qui aurait pensé les techniques sans leurs conséquences lointaines semblait déjà caduque lors de la révolution industrielle. Découvrir l’œuvre de Huzar aujourd’hui nous force à penser la réflexivité environnementale des sociétés de la révolution industrielle.
Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Allergic Asthma in Mice
Authors: Marino Rafael , Thuraisingam Thusanth , Camateros Pierre , Kanagaratham Cynthia , Xu Yong Zhong , Henri Jennifer , Yang Jingxuan , He Guoan , Ding Aihao , Radzioch Danuta 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is an anti-inflammatory protein that is observed at high levels in asthma patients. Resiquimod, a TLR7/8 ligand, is protective against acute and chronic asthma, and it increases SLPI expression of macrophages in vitro. However, the protective role played by SLPI and the interactions between the SLPI and resiquimod pathways in the immune response occurring in allergic asthma have not been fully elucidated. To evaluate the role of SLPI in the development of asthma phenotypes and the effect of resiquimod treatment on SLPI, we assessed airway resistance and inflammatory parameters in the lungs of OVA-induced asthmatic SLPI transgenic and knockout mice and in mice treated with resiquimod. Compared with wild-type mice, allergic SLPI transgenic mice showed a decrease in lung resistance (p &lt; 0.001), airway eosinophilia (p &lt; 0.001), goblet cell hyperplasia (p &lt; 0.001), and plasma IgE levels (p &lt; 0.001). Allergic SLPI knockout mice displayed phenotype changes significantly more severe compared with wild-type mice. These phenotypes included lung resistance (p &lt; 0.001), airway eosinophilia (p &lt; 0.001), goblet cell hyperplasia (p &lt; 0.001), cytokine levels in the lungs (p &lt; 0.05), and plasma IgE levels (p &lt; 0.001). Treatment of asthmatic transgenic mice with resiquimod increased the expression of SLPI and decreased inflammation in the lungs; resiquimod treatment was still effective in asthmatic SLPI knockout mice. Taken together, our study showed that the expression of SLPI protects against allergic asthma phenotypes, and treatment by resiquimod is independent of SLPI expression, displayed through the use of transgenic and knockout SLPI mice.
β2-Adrenergic Receptor Activation Prevents Rodent Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Microglia via a Novel Signaling Pathway
Authors: Qian Li , Wu Hung-ming , Chen Shih-Heng , Zhang Dan , Ali Syed F. , Peterson Lynda , Wilson Belinda , Lu Ru-Band , Hong Jau-Shyong , Flood Patrick M. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The role of the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in the regulation of chronic neurodegenerative inflammation within the CNS is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine neuroprotective effects of long-acting β2AR agonists such as salmeterol in rodent models of Parkinson’s disease. Results showed salmeterol exerted potent neuroprotection against both LPS and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium–induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity both in primary neuron-glia cultures (at subnanomolar concentrations) and in mice (1–10 μg/kg/day doses). Further studies demonstrated that salmeterol-mediated neuroprotection is not a direct effect on neurons; instead, it is mediated through the inhibition of LPS-induced microglial activation. Salmeterol significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of microglial proinflammatory neurotoxic mediators, such as TNF-α, superoxide, and NO, as well as the inhibition of TAK1-mediated phosphorylation of MAPK and p65 NF-κB. The anti-inflammatory effects of salmeterol required β2AR expression in microglia but were not mediated through the conventional G protein-coupled receptor/cAMP pathway. Rather, salmeterol failed to induce microglial cAMP production, could not be reversed by either protein kinase A inhibitors or an exchange protein directly activated by cAMP agonist, and was dependent on β-arrestin2 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that administration of extremely low doses of salmeterol exhibit potent neuroprotective effects by inhibiting microglial cell activation through a β2AR/β-arrestin2–dependent but cAMP/protein kinase A-independent pathway.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis Sera or Goat Anti–Transglutaminase-3 Transferred to Human Skin-Grafted Mice Mimics Dermatitis Herpetiformis Immunopathology
Authors: Zone John J. , Schmidt Linda A. , Taylor Ted B. , Hull Christopher M. , Sotiriou Michael C. , Jaskowski Troy D. , Hill Harry R. , Meyer Laurence J. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is characterized by deposition of IgA in the papillary dermis. However, indirect immunofluorescence is routinely negative, raising the question of the mechanism of formation of these immune deposits. Sárdy et al. (2002. J. Exp. Med. 195: 747–757) reported that transglutaminase-3 (TG3) colocalizes with the IgA. We sought to create such deposits using passive transfer of Ab to SCID mice bearing human skin grafts. IgG fraction of goat anti-TG3 or control IgG were administered i.p. to 20 mice. Separately, sera from seven DH patients and seven controls were injected intradermally. Biopsies were removed and processed for routine histology as well as direct immunofluorescence. All mice that received goat anti-TG3 produced papillary dermal immune deposits, and these deposits reacted with both rabbit anti-TG3 and DH patient sera. Three DH sera high in IgA anti-TG3 also produced deposits of granular IgA and TG3. We hypothesize that the IgA class anti-TG3 Abs are directly responsible for the immune deposits and that the TG3 is from human epidermis, as this is its only source in our model. These deposits seem to form over weeks in a process similar to an Ouchterlony immunodiffusion precipitate. This process of deposition explains the negative indirect immunofluorescence results with DH serum.