bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
78: IMPACT OF DECISION AIDS IN PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Arab-Zozani Morteza , Vahdatimanesh Zahra , Kakemam Edris , Sokhanvar Mobin , Ghoddosineghad Djavad , Hasanpoor Edris 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:Patient Decision Aids are specially designed information resources that help people make decisions about difficult healthcare options. The aim of this review was to examine the impact of decision aids in patients with prostate cancer screening.Methods:Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and reference list of the included studies were searched without year and language restriction through July 2016. Two independent reviewers checked studies for quality and eligibility and finally extracted the data. We used comprehensive meta-analysis software version 2 (CMA 2.0) for analysing the data.Results:Seven randomized controlled trials and well-designed quasi-experimental studies with total number of 5195 were included in the meta-analysis. The quality of included studies was faired. The overall mean quality score for the 7 included studies was 3.2 out of 5 (SD=0.87). Decision aids show better impact on decrease interest in prostate-specific antigen testing and screening behaviour among patients seeking routine care (M-H RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.76), proportion of people who were passive in decision making (M-H RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.96) and proportion of people who remained undecided post-intervention (M-H RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.84).Conclusion:According to the results, decision Aids resulted in significant benefit over usual care in patients with prostate cancer screening.
Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Danwang Celestin , Temgoua Mazou N , Agbor Valirie Ndip , Tankeu Aurel T , Noubiap Jean Jacques 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is among the three major causes of cardiovascular diseases worldwide after ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Knowledge on the global epidemiology of this condition is deficient in Africa. Accurate data are needed to evaluate the burden of VTE in Africa to design effective preventive and treatment strategies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to summarise epidemiological data on VTE in Africa and to evaluate the use of prophylaxis in African patients at risk of VTE.Methods and analysisMedline, Embase, Scopus and African Journal Online will be searched for relevant abstracts of studies published between 1 January 1986 and 5 December 2016, without language restriction. After a screening of abstracts, study selection, data extraction and assessment of the risk of bias, we shall assess studies individually for clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Appropriate meta-analytic technics will then be used to pool studies judged to be clinically homogeneous. Funnel-plots analysis and Egger’s test will be used to detect publication bias. Results will be presented by geographical region (Central, Eastern, Northern, Southern and Western Africa). This systematic review will be reported according to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThe current study will be based on published data, and thus ethics consideration is not required. This review is expected to provide relevant data to help in quantifying the magnitude of this disease in Africa. The final report of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and the findings will be submitted to relevant health authorities.Trial registration numberThe protocol for this review has been published in the International Prospective Register of systematic reviews (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO), registration number: PROSPERO CRD42017056253.
How information about overdetection changes breast cancer screening decisions: a mediation analysis within a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hersch Jolyn , McGeechan Kevin , Barratt Alexandra , Jansen Jesse , Irwig Les , Jacklyn Gemma , Houssami Nehmat , Dhillon Haryana , McCaffery Kirsten 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesIn a randomised controlled trial, we found that informing women about overdetection changed their breast screening decisions. We now present a mediation analysis exploring the psychological pathways through which study participants who received the intervention processed information about overdetection and how this influenced their decision-making. We examined a series of potential mediators in the causal chain between exposure to overdetection information and women’s subsequently reported breast screening intentions.DesignSerial multiple mediation analysis within a randomised controlled trial.SettingNew South Wales, Australia.Participants811 women aged 48–50 years with no personal history of breast cancer.InterventionsTwo versions of a decision aid giving women information about breast cancer deaths averted and false positives from mammography screening, either with (intervention) or without (control) information on overdetection.Main outcomeIntentions to undergo breast cancer screening in the next 2–3 years.MediatorsKnowledge about overdetection, worry about breast cancer, attitudes towards breast screening and anticipated regret.ResultsThe effect of information about overdetection on women’s breast screening intentions was mediated through multiple cognitive and affective processes. In particular, the information led to substantial improvements in women’s understanding of overdetection, and it influenced—both directly and indirectly via its effect on knowledge—their attitudes towards having screening. Mediation analysis showed that the mechanisms involving knowledge and attitudes were particularly important in determining women’s intentions about screening participation.ConclusionsEven in this emotive context, new information influenced women’s decision-making by changing their understanding of possible consequences of screening and their attitudes towards undergoing it. These findings emphasise the need to provide good-quality information on screening outcomes and to communicate this information effectively, so that women can make well-informed decisions.Trial registration numberThis study was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12613001035718) on 17 September 2013.
Prevalence and incidence of hypertension in the global HIV-infected population: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Bigna Jean Joel , Tankeu Aurel T , Kaze Arnaud D , Noubiap Jean Jacques , Nansseu Jobert Richie 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionHypertension, representing one of the most frequent cardiovascular risk factors, is thought to increase in individuals living with HIV as well as in general population, but summarised global data on the topic are scarce. We conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence/incidence of hypertension in the global HIV-infected population.Methods and analysisThis review will include observational studies conducted among HIV-infected people, which reported prevalence/incidence of hypertension or enough data for its appraisal. We will consider published and unpublished studies from 1 January 2007 to 31 May 2017. Relevant records will be searched using PubMed/Medline, Global Index Medicus, Web of Science and EMBASE. Reference lists of eligible papers and relevant review articles will be screened. Two investigators will independently screen, select studies and extract data, with discrepancies resolved by consensus or by arbitration of a third investigator. Methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using the scale developed by Hoy and colleagues. Funnel plots and Egger’s test will be used to determine publication bias. The study-specific estimates will be pooled through a random-effects meta-analysis model to obtain an overall summary estimate. To keep the effect of studies with extremely small or extremely large estimates on the overall estimate to a minimum, the variance of the study-specific prevalence/incidence will be stabilised with the Freeman-Tukey single arcsine transformation. The heterogeneity will be evaluated by the χ² test on Cochrane’s Q statistic. Results will be presented by geographic region, income and antiretroviral therapy status.Ethics and disseminationThis study is based on published data; therefore, ethical approval is not a requirement. The final report of this study in the form of a scientific paper will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberCRD42016051684.
Midwife or doctor local opinion leader to implement a national guideline in babies on postnatal wards (DesIGN): protocol of a cluster-randomised, blinded, controlled trial
Authors: Alsweiler Jane Marie , Crowther Caroline A , Harding Jane E 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionNeonatal hypoglycaemia is a common condition that can cause developmental delay. Treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia with oral dextrose gel has been shown to reverse hypoglycaemia and reduce admissions to neonatal intensive care for hypoglycaemia. An evidence-based clinical practice guideline was written to guide the use of dextrose gel to treat neonatal hypoglycaemia in New Zealand. However, it is unclear what clinical discipline might most effectively lead the implementation of the guideline recommendations.ObjectiveTo determine if midwife or doctor local opinion leaders are more effective in implementing a clinical practice guideline for use of oral dextrose gel to treat hypoglycaemia in babies on postnatal wards.Methods and analysisA cluster-randomised, blinded, controlled trial. New Zealand maternity hospitals that care for babies born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia will be randomised to having either a local midwife or doctor lead the guideline implementation at that hospital. The primary outcome will be the change in the proportion of hypoglycaemic babies treated with dextrose gel from before implementation of the guideline to 3 months after implementation.Ethics and disseminationApproved by Health and Disability Ethics Committee: 15/NTA/31. Findings will be disseminated to peer-reviewed journals, guideline developers and the public.Trial registration numberISRCTN61154098.
Detection and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia in primary care in Australia: protocol for a pragmatic cluster intervention study with pre-post intervention comparisons
Authors: Arnold-Reed Diane E , Brett Tom , Troeung Lakkhina , Vickery Alistair , Garton-Smith Jacquie , Bell Damon , Pang Jing , Grace Tegan , Bulsara Caroline , Li Ian , Bulsara Max , Watts Gerald F 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), an autosomal dominant disorder of lipid metabolism, results in accelerated onset of atherosclerosis if left untreated. Lifelong treatment with diet, lifestyle modifications and statins enable a normal lifespan for most patients. Early diagnosis is critical. This protocol trials a primary care-based model of care (MoC) to improve detection and management of FH.Methods and analysisPragmatic cluster intervention study with pre-post intervention comparisons in Australian general practices. At study baseline, current FH detection practice is assessed. Medical records over 2 years are electronically scanned using a data extraction tool (TARB-Ex) to identify patients at increased risk. High-risk patients are clinically reviewed to provide definitive, phenotypic diagnosis using Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Criteria. Once an index family member with FH is identified, the primary care team undertake cascade testing of first-degree relatives to identify other patients with FH. Management guidance based on disease complexity is provided to the primary care team. Study follow-up to 12 months with TARB-Ex rerun to identify total number of new FH cases diagnosed over study period (via TARB-Ex, cascade testing and new cases presenting). At study conclusion, patient and clinical staff perceptions of enablers/barriers and suggested improvements to the approach will be examined. Resources at each stage will be traced to determine the economic implications of implementing the MoC and costed from health system perspective. Primary outcomes: increase in number of index cases clinically identified; reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of treated cases. Secondary outcomes: increase in the number of family cases detected/contacted; cost implications of the MoC.Ethics and disseminationStudy approval by The University of Notre Dame Australia Human Research Ethics Committee Protocol ID: 0 16 067F. Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ID: 12616000630415. Information will be disseminated via research seminars, conference presentations, journal articles, media releases and community forums.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ID 12616000630415; Pre-results.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing of men in UK general practice: a 10-year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Young Grace J , Harrison Sean , Turner Emma L , Walsh Eleanor I , Oliver Steven E , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Evans Simon , Lane J Athene , Neal David E , Hamdy Freddie C , Donovan Jenny L , Martin Richard M , Metcalfe Chris 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesCross-sectional studies suggest that around 6% of men undergo prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing each year in UK general practice (GP). This longitudinal study aims to determine the cumulative testing pattern of men over a 10-year period and whether this testing can be considered equivalent to screening for prostate cancer (PCa).Setting, participants and outcome measuresPatient-level data on PSA tests, biopsies and PCa diagnoses were obtained from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) for the years 2002 to 2011. The cumulative risks of PSA testing and of being diagnosed with PCa were estimated for the 10-year study period. Associations of a man’s age, region and index of multiple deprivation with the cumulative risk of PSA testing and PCa diagnosis were investigated. Rates of biopsy and diagnosis, following a high test result, were compared with those from the programme of PSA testing in the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) study.ResultsThe 10-year risk of exposure to at least one PSA test in men aged 45 to 69 years in UK GP was 39.2% (95% CI 39.0 to 39.4%). The age-specific risks ranged from 25.2% for men aged 45–49 years to 53.0% for men aged 65–69 years (p for trend <0.001). For those with a PSA level ≥3, a test in UK GP was less likely to result in a biopsy (6%) and/or diagnosis of PCa (15%) compared with ProtecT study participants (85% and 34%, respectively).ConclusionA high proportion of men aged 45–69 years undergo PSA tests in UK GP: 39% over a 10-year period. A high proportion of these tests appear to be for the investigation of lower urinary tract symptoms and not screening for PCa.Trial registration numberISRCTN20141297,NCT02044172.
Randomised clinical trial of cryoballoon versus irrigated radio frequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation—the effect of double short versus standard exposure cryoablation duration during pulmonary vein isolation (CIRCA-DOSE): methods and rationale
Authors: Andrade Jason G , Deyell Marc W , Badra Mariano , Champagne Jean , Dubuc Marc , Leong-Sit Peter , Macle Laurent , Novak Paul , Roux Jean-Francois , Sapp John , Tang Anthony , Verma Atul , Wells George A , Khairy Paul 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an effective therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), but it has limitations. The two most significant recent advances have centred on the integration of real-time quantitative assessment of catheter contact force into focal radio frequency (RF) ablation catheters and the development of dedicated ablation tools capable of achieving PVI with a single ablation lesion (Arctic Front cryoballoon, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Although each of these holds promise for improving the clinical success of catheter ablation of AF, there has not been a rigorous comparison of these advanced ablation technologies. Moreover, the optimal duration of cryoablation (freezing time) has not been determined.Methods and analysisPatients undergoing an initial PVI procedure for paroxysmal AF will be recruited. Patients will be randomised 1:1:1 between contact-force irrigated RF ablation, short duration cryoballoon ablation (2 min applications) and standard duration cryoballoon ablation (4 min applications). The primary outcome is time to first documented AF recurrence on implantable loop recorder. With a sample size of 111 per group and a two-sided 0.025 significance level (to account for the two main comparisons), the study will have 80% power (using a log-rank test) to detect a difference of 20% between contact force RF catheter ablation and either of the two cryoballoon ablation groups. Factoring in a 4% loss to follow-up, 116 patients per group should be randomised and followed for a year (total study population of 348).Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the University of British Columbia Office of Research (Services) Ethics Clinical Research Ethics Board. Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT01913522; Pre-results
Protocol for a national prevalence study of advance care planning documentation and self-reported uptake in Australia
Authors: Ruseckaite Rasa , Detering Karen M , Evans Sue M , Perera Veronica , Walker Lynne , Sinclair Craig , Clayton Josephine M , Nolte Linda 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionAdvance care planning (ACP) is a process between a person, their family/carer(s) and healthcare providers that supports adults at any age or stage of health in understanding and sharing their personal values, life goals and preferences regarding future medical care. The Australian government funds a number of national initiatives aimed at increasing ACP uptake; however, there is currently no standardised Australian data on formal ACP documentation or self-reported uptake. This makes it difficult to evaluate the impact of ACP initiatives. This study aims to determine the Australian national prevalence of ACP and completion of Advance Care Directives (ACDs) in hospitals, aged care facilities and general practices. It will also explore people’s self-reported use of ACP and views about the process.Methods and analysisResearchers will conduct a national multicentre cross-sectional prevalence study, consisting of a record audit and surveys of people aged 65 years or more in three sectors. From 49 participating Australian organisations, 50 records will be audited (total of 2450 records). People whose records were audited, who speak English and have a decision-making capacity will also be invited to complete a survey. The primary outcome measure will be the number of people who have formal or informal ACP documentation that can be located in records within 15 min. Other outcomes will include demographics, measure of illness and functional capacity, details of ACP documentation (including type of document), location of documentation in the person’s records and whether current clinical care plans are consistent with ACP documentation. People will be surveyed, to measure self-reported interest, uptake and use of ACP/ACDs, and self-reported quality of life.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee (reference HREC/17/Austin/83). Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000743369
Prevalence and trends of thinness, overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 3–18 years across Europe: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Garrido-Miguel Miriam , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Álvarez-Bueno Celia , Rodriguez-Artalejo Fernando , Moreno Aznar Luis , Ruiz Jonatan R , Martinez-Vizcaino Vicente 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIncreasing prevalence of both thinness and excess weight during childhood and adolescence is a significant public health issue because of short-term health consequences and long-term tracking of weight status. Monitoring weight status in Europe may serve to identify countries and regions where rates of these disorders are either slowing down or increasing to evaluate recent policies aimed at appropriate body weight, and to direct future interventions. This study protocol provides a standardised and transparent methodology to improve estimating trends of thinness, overweight and obesity in children aged 3–18 years and adolescents across the European region between 2000 and 2017.Methods and analysisThis protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. To identify relevant studies, a search will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. From the selected studies, relevant references will be screened as supplemental sources. Finally, open search in websites from health institutions will be conducted to identify weight status data not published in scientific journals. Cross-sectional, follow-up studies and panel surveys reporting weight status (objectively measured height and weight) according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria, and written in English or Spanish will be included. Subgroup analyses will be carried out by gender, age, study year and country or European region.DiscussionThis study will provide a comprehensive description of weight status of children and adolescents across Europe from 2000 to 2017. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. This study will use data exclusively from published research or institutional literature, so institutional ethical approval is not required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017056917.