bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expected satiation after repeated consumption of low- or high-energy-dense soup
Authors: Hogenkamp Pleunie S. , Brunstrom Jeffrey M. , Stafleu Annette , Mars Monica , de Graaf Cees 
Published: September 2011

We investigated whether repeated consumption of a low-energy-dense (LED; 208 kJ/100 g) or high-energy-dense (HED; 645 kJ/100 g) soup modifies expectations relating to the satiating capacity of the food, and its subsequent intake. In study 1, participants consumed either a novel-flavoured LED (n 32; 21 (sd 1·6) years, BMI 21·4 (sd 1·6) kg/m2) or HED soup (n 32; 21 (sd 1·6) years, BMI 21·3 (sd 1·7) kg/m2). Soup was served in a fixed amount on days 1–4 and ad libitum on day 5. ‘Expected satiation’ was measured on days 1, 2 and 5. Expected satiation did not change after repeated consumption of the LED or HED soup. Ad libitum intake did not differ between the LED (461 (sd 213) g) and HED soup (391 (sd 164) g). Only on day 1, expected satiation was higher for the HED soup than for the LED soup (P = 0·03), suggesting a role for sensory attributes in expected satiation. In study 2, thirty participants (21 (sd 1·6) years, BMI 21·3 (sd 1·7) kg/m2) performed a single measurement of expected satiation of the LED and HED soup, and four commercially available types of soup. Ratings on sensory attributes were associated with expected satiation. Results on expected satiation coincided with those of study 1. Thickness and intensity of taste were independently associated with expected satiation. Expectations may initially rely on sensory attributes and previous experiences, and are not easily changed.
Ring versus ‘Mercedes-Benz’ cartilage-perichondrium graft tympanoplasty in management of pars tensa cholesteatoma
Authors: Albirmawy O A 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective:To compare anatomical and audiological outcomes of ring versus ‘Mercedes-Benz’ cartilage-perichondrium graft tympanoplasty in patients with pars tensa cholesteatoma.Study design:Prospective clinical study.Setting:Otolaryngology department, Tanta University Hospital, Egypt.Patients and methods: Over three years, 60 ears in 60 patients underwent surgery for either sinus or tensa retraction cholesteatoma, reconstructed using either a ring-shaped (30 ears) or Mercedes-Benz symbol shaped (30 ears) cartilage-perichondrium graft, with at least two years' follow up. Post-operative drum perforation and retraction, cholesteatoma residue and recurrence, middle-ear effusion, and hearing acuity were monitored.Results:Anatomical outcomes were equivalent in both groups, but slightly better in the Mercedes group. Hearing improved significantly in both groups (pre- vs post-operative results), but significantly more so in the ring group. Within-group hearing outcomes were unaffected by cholesteatoma type or tympanoplasty type.Conclusion:The Mercedes-Benz technique may be superior to the ring technique in preventing neodrum retraction. However, the ring graft technique had better hearing outcomes, perhaps due to its more physiological design.
Different methods for ethical analysis in health technology assessment: An empirical study
Authors: Saarni Samuli I. , Braunack-Mayer Annette , Hofmann Bjørn , van der Wilt Gert Jan 
Published: September 2011

Objectives: Ethical analysis can highlight important ethical issues related to implementing a technology, values inherent in the technology itself, and value-decisions underlying the health technology assessment (HTA) process. Ethical analysis is a well-acknowledged part of HTA, yet seldom included in practice. One reason for this is lack of knowledge about the properties and differences between the methods available. This study compares different methods for ethical analysis within HTA.Methods: Ethical issues related to bariatric (obesity) surgery were independently evaluated using axiological, casuist, principlist, and EUnetHTA models for ethical analysis within HTA. The methods and results are presented and compared.Results: Despite varying theoretical underpinnings and practical approaches, the four methods identified similar themes: personal responsibility, self-infliction, discrimination, justice, public funding, and stakeholder involvement. The axiological and EUnetHTA models identified a wider range of arguments, whereas casuistry and principlism concentrated more on analyzing a narrower set of arguments deemed more important.Conclusions: Different methods can be successfully used for conducting ethical analysis within HTA. Although our study does not show that different methods in ethics always produce similar results, it supports the view that different methods of ethics can yield relevantly similar results. This suggests that the key conclusions of ethical analyses within HTA can be transferable between methods and countries. The systematic and transparent use of some method of ethics appears more important than the choice of the exact method.
An uneven spread: A review of public involvement in the National Institute of Health Research's Health Technology Assessment program
Authors: Moran Rebecca , Davidson Peter 
Published: September 2011

Objectives: This study comprises a review of public involvement strategies across the five stages of research management in the UK's HTA program at the end of a 10-year period. These five stages are: identification of topics; prioritization of these topics as researchable questions; commissioning of research; monitoring of projects throughout their implementation; and publication and dissemination of findings.Methods: Internal HTA documentation was analyzed alongside narrative analysis of semi-structured interviews of program staff, and a rapid review of published literature.Results: Public involvement strategies have developed with the growth of the HTA program but were spread unevenly across the five stages of research management. Public involvement was present in identification, strongest in prioritization, present in commissioning but minimal in monitoring and absent in publication and dissemination.Conclusions: The HTA program has developed public involvement strategies but mainly in prioritization. Further research is required to ascertain where public involvement can be most appropriately used and to evaluate its impact.
Organizational and Command Aspects for Coordinating the Public Health Response to an Outbreak of Acute Renal Failure, Republic of Panama, 2006
Authors: Cruz Miguel A. , Keim Mark E. , Schier Joshua G. , Gonzalez Raul , Valencia Angel , Telfer Jana L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Ministry of Health of Panama (MINSA) received several reports of ill persons who had clinical presentations of acute renal insufficiency or failure during September and October 2006. On 01 October 2006, the MINSA formally asked the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to assist with the investigation. Additional agencies involved in the response included the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Gorgas Institute for Health Studies (GIHS), and the Social Security Health System (SSHS) of Panama. Through a joint effort, the MINSA, CDC, FDA, GIHS, SSHS, and PAHO were able to characterize the illness, identify the etiological agent, identify the population-at-risk, and launch an unprecedented media and social mobilization effort to prevent additional cases.International outbreak responses may require familiarity with basic emergency management principles beyond technical or scientific considerations. The management, logistical capabilities, team interaction, and efficiency of outbreak investigations can be enhanced substantially by having staff already familiar with common operational frameworks for incident responses. This report describes the inter-agency coordination and organizational structure implemented during an international response to identify the cause of an outbreak of acute renal failure in Panama.
Sunlight modulates the relative importance of heterotrophic bacteria and picophytoplankton in DMSP-sulphur uptake
Authors: Ruiz-González Clara , Simó Rafel , Vila-Costa Maria , Sommaruga Ruben , Gasol Josep M 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
There is a large body of evidence supporting a major role of heterotrophic bacteria in dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) utilisation as a source of reduced sulphur. However, a role for phototrophic microorganisms has been only recently described and little is known about their contribution to DMSP consumption and the potential modulating effects of sunlight. In an attempt to ascertain the relative quantitative roles of heterotrophic bacteria and picophytoplankton in the osmoheterotrophic uptake of DMSP-sulphur upon exposure to natural sunlight conditions, we incubated northwestern Mediterranean waters under various optical filters and used an array of bulk and single-cell activity methods to trace the fate of added 35S-DMSP. Flow cytometry cell sorting confirmed dark 35S uptake by Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria, the latter being the most efficient in terms of uptake on a cell volume basis. Under exposure to full sunlight, however, the relative contribution of Synechococcus was significantly enhanced, mainly because of the inhibition of heterotrophic bacteria. Microautoradiography showed a strong increase in the proportion of Synechococcus cells actively taking up 35S-DMSP, which, after full sunlight exposure, made up to 15% of total active Bacteria. Parallel incubations with 3H-leucine generally showed no clear responses to light. Finally, size-fractionated assimilation experiments showed greater relative cyanobacterial assimilation during the day than at night compared with that of heterotrophic bacteria. Our results show for the first time a major influence of sunlight in regulating the competition among autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton for DMSP uptake at both the daily and seasonal time scales.
Spectroscopy and thermochemistry of a jet-cooled open-shell polyene: 1,4-pentadienyl radical
Authors: Chalyavi Nahid , Bacskay George B. , Menon Ambili S. , Troy Tyler P. , Davis Nathaniel J. L. K. , Radom Leo , Reid Scott A. , Schmidt Timothy W. 
Published: September 2011

The 1,4-pentadienyl (vinylallyl) radical has been observed for the first time by optical spectroscopy. An excitation spectrum is recorded on m/z 67 by resonant two-color two-photon ionization spectroscopy. Several bands are observed with the origin transition identified at 19 449 cm−1. The spectrum is assigned by a comparison with ab initio frequencies calculated at the CASPT2/cc-pVTZ level of theory, with an accompanying Franck-Condon calculation of the excitation spectrum, including Dushinsky mixing. The b1 and a2 outer C–C bond torsional modes are calculated to halve in frequency upon electronic excitation, bringing about their appearance in the excitation spectrum. This can be readily understood by considering the torsional sensitivity of the frontier molecular orbital energies. High-level quantum chemical calculations of the radical stabilization energy, resulting in a value of nearly 120 kJ mol−1, provide quantitative confirmation that this radical is highly stabilized.
High resolution quantum cascade laser studies of the ν3 band of methyl fluoride in solid para-hydrogen
Authors: McKellar A. R. W. , Mizoguchi Asao , Kanamori Hideto 
Published: September 2011

Spectra of solid para-H2 doped with CH3F at 1.8 K are studied in the ν3 region (∼1040 cm−1) using a quantum cascade laser source. As shown previously, residual ortho-H2 in the sample (∼1000 ppm) gives rise to distinct spectral features due to clusters of the form CH3F–(ortho-H2)N, with N = 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. Brief annealing at 7 K is found to give narrower spectral lines (≥0.006 cm−1) than conventional (5 K) annealing, and causes the N = 3 and 4 lines to fragment into two or more components. The N = 3 line is observed to be particularly stable and persistent. The N = 0 line (no ortho-H2 neighbors) is resolved into two closely spaced (≈0.007 cm−1) components which are assigned to the K = 0 and 1 states of CH3F rotating around its C3v symmetry axis (ortho- and para-CH3F, respectively). Similar K-structure is also evident for other lines. Weak but persistent features (“N = 1/2 lines”) are observed mid way between N = 0 and 1.
Someone Else's Child
Authors: Al-i-Ahmad Jalal 
Published: September 2011

Well, what could I do? My husband wouldn't keep me and the child both—a child who was not his own. The boy was my former husband's who had divorced me and never come to take him. If someone else were in my place, what would she do? Well, I had to live too. If this new husband divorces me what would I do? I had to get rid of the child.A woman like me who doesn't know her way around wouldn't think of anything else. I didn't know any place or any way out of the thing. But it wasn't that I didn't know any place, really. I knew you could put the child in a nursery or stick him in some other place. But where would they take him? Where could I be sure they wouldn't keep me waiting and then not pay any attention to me and call me and the child a thousand names? Where? I couldn't have it end that way.
Do components of current ‘hardcore smoker’ definitions predict quitting behaviour?
Authors: Ip David T. , Cohen Joanna E. , Bondy Susan J. , Chaiton Michael O. , Selby Peter , Schwartz Robert , McDonald Paul , Garcia John , Ferrence Roberta 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTAims  It has been hypothesized that the smoking population is represented by an increasingly ‘hardcore’ group of smokers who are resistant to quitting. Many definitions of ‘hardcore smokers’ have been used, but their predictive validity is unknown. To evaluate whether ‘hardcore smoker’ definition components predict quitting behaviours and which combinations of ‘hardcore’ components are most predictive.Design, setting and participants  Longitudinal, random telephone survey of a representative sample of adult smokers in Ontario, Canada (n = 4130, recruited 2005–08 and followed for 1 year).Measurements  Multiple logistic regression models were compared to evaluate the predictive ability of ‘hardcore’ components (high daily cigarette consumption, high nicotine dependence, being a daily smoker, history of long‐term smoking, no quit intention and no life‐time quit attempt) on three outcomes [continued smoking, not attempting to quit and having unsuccessful quit attempt(s)].Findings  All ‘hardcore’ components predicted having no quit attempt and continued smoking during follow‐up (P < 0.05), except for history of long‐term smoking and no life‐time quit attempt (for continued smoking). Among respondents who made 1 + quit attempts during follow‐up, only high nicotine dependence, high daily cigarette consumption and being a daily smoker were predictive of quitting failure (P < 0.01). The best combination of components depended on the outcome.Conclusions  Measures of ‘hardcore’ include a mixture of motivational, dependence and behavioural variables. As found previously, motivational and behavioural measures, such as intention to quit, predict failure to make quit attempts. However, dependence components best predicted continued smoking and thus would be best for further exploring the hardening hypothesis.
A damage/benefit evaluation of addictive product use
Authors: Bourgain Catherine , Falissard Bruno , Blecha Lisa , Benyamina Amine , Karila Laurent , Reynaud Michel 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To obtain damage/benefit assessments of eight commonly used addictive products and one addictive behaviour from French addiction experts and link these to overall evaluations.Design and setting  Criteria‐based evaluation by experts in addiction. Specific statistical modelling to estimate the relative contribution of various criteria to formulating expert general opinion on products.Participants  Forty‐eight French experts in addiction.Measurements  Twelve criteria covering the whole spectrum of damages and benefits to users and to society evaluated using visual analogue scales (VAS). Direct measure of expert overall subjective opinions on products from user and from social perspectives.Findings  Damage scoring identified alcohol (damage score = 48.1), heroin (damage score = 44.9) and cocaine (damage score = 38.5) as the most harmful products to users and to society; gambling was considered the least harmful (score = 22.5), replicating previous results. Damage scoring correlated poorly with legal status or with overall subjective expert opinions of products. Benefit perception scores indicated alcohol as a clear outlier (benefit score = 45.5) followed by tobacco (benefit score = 34.3) and cannabis (benefit score = 31.1). Statistical modelling suggested that experts attributed 10 times more importance to benefit perception than to damages when making their subjective opinion from a user perspective and two times more importance to benefit perception than to damages in formulating their opinion from a social perspective.Conclusions  The perceived benefits of addictive products appear to have a major impact on the opinion of those products expressed by a number of French addiction experts.
Transcriptome profile analysis of porcine adipose tissue by high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Li X. J. , Yang H. , Li G. X. , Zhang G. H. , Cheng J. , Guan H. , Yang G. S. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryNovel high‐throughput deep sequencing technology has dramatically changed the study of the functional complexity of transcriptomes. Here, we report the first use of this technology for analysing the wide range of transcriptional changes in porcine adipose tissue from different breeds and different growth phases in a model of obesity. Digital gene expression (DGE) data sets were instrumental to verifying the predicted gene models. We obtained a sequencing depth of over 3 million tags per sample (lean, obese‐a and obese‐b). Tag mapping indicated expression of more than 76% of all genes represented in three transcript databases. We found the expression level of 1596 genes was significantly different between lean and obese‐a library (P < 0.01). Among them, we found 84 genes expressed only in the obese‐a library and 95 genes expressed only in the lean library. Moreover, the expression of 4403 genes was found to be remarkably different between the obese‐a and obese‐b library (P < 0.01); 642 of these were only expressed in obese‐a, and 618 were only expressed in obese‐b. When mapping to genes, it was found that the sense transcripts account for 67.42%, 68.65% and 66.61% of all clean tags in the lean, obese‐a and obese‐b libraries respectively. By comparison, the ratio of sense to antisense mapping of the total number of tags was approximately 6:1 for all libraries. This suggests that transcriptional regulation on the sense strand has a major role in adipose deposition, although a high number of antisense mapping events were also detected. We anticipated more than 20 000 different novel tags to be localized to the porcine genome. Among them, 799 different clean tags with a copy number of more than 1000 were detected. In conclusion, our deep sequencing analysis revealed a high degree of transcriptional complexity in the regulatory mechanisms of adipogenesis and resulted in the discovery and validation of new gene products in porcine adipose tissue.
The role of ultrasound elastography in preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions: a new assisting method to preoperative parathyroid ultrasonography
Authors: Ünlütürk Uğur , Erdoğan Murat Faik , Demir Özgür , Çulha Cavit , Güllü Sevim , Başkal Nilgün 
Published: September 2011

SummaryBackground  After the definition of minimally invasive procedures, preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions is now crucial. False‐positive results up to 30% were reported by B‐mode grayscale ultrasonography (US) in localization of parathyroid lesions. Parathyroid adenomas are relatively stiff lesions. Ultrasound elastography (USE) can accurately evaluate tissue stiffness and might detect the stiff parathyroid lesions.Objective  The aim of this study is to demonstrate whether USE can detect the level of the stiffness and help the preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions during parathyroid ultrasonography examination.Patients  The patients who were candidates for parathyroidectomy were prospectively enrolled to this study and were evaluated by USE.Results  Seventy‐two patients with 93 parathyroid lesions underwent parathyroidectomy. Sixty‐three patients including three multiple endocrine neoplasia type‐1 patients had primary hyperparathyroidism, three patients with chronic renal disease (CRD) had tertiary hyperparathyroidism, three patients with CRD and two renal transplanted patients had persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism. One patient was excluded. While all parathyroid adenomas exhibited high levels of stiffness (score 3 and 4), 17 (63%) out of 27 parathyroid hyperplasia lesions were shown to have significantly higher elasticity. The evaluation of median strain ratios of parathyroid lesions revealed that parathyroid adenomas demonstrated significantly higher levels of stiffness than hyperplasias (P ≤ 0·001).Conclusions  This is the first study that evaluates the ultrasound elastographic features of parathyroid lesions. Parathyroid adenomas were shown to appear as stiff lesions, and half of the hyperplasias showed high elasticity. Parathyroid elastography is a novel technique to evaluate parathyroid lesions and might be a guide for surgeons to determine the type of operation to apply.
A comparison of Frost expression among species and life stages of Drosophila
Authors: Bing X. , Zhang J. , Sinclair B. J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFrost (Fst) is a gene associated with cold exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. We used real‐time PCR to assess whether cold exposure induces expression of Fst in 10 different life stages of D. melanogaster, and adults of seven other Drosophila species. We exposed groups of individuals to 0 °C (2 h), followed by 1 h recovery (22 °C). Frost was significantly upregulated in response to cold in eggs, third instar larvae, and 2‐ and 5‐day‐old male and female adults in D. melanogaster. Life stages in which cold did not upregulate Fst had high constitutive expression. Frost is located on the opposite strand of an intron of Diuretic hormone (DH), but cold exposure did not upregulate DH. Frost orthologues were identified in six other species within the Melanogaster group (Drosophila sechellia, Drosophila simulans, Drosophila yakuba, Drosophila erecta, Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila mauritiana). Frost orthologues were upregulated in response to cold exposure in both sexes in adults of all of these species. The predicted structure of a putative Frost consensus protein shows highly conserved tandem repeats of motifs involved in cell signalling (PEST and TRAF2), suggesting that Fst might encode an adaptor protein involved in acute stress or apoptosis signalling in vivo.