bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Éducation, expérience et salaire
Authors: Goux Dominique , Maurin Eric 
Published: July 2011

Educación, experiencia y salarios. Tendencias recientes y evolución a largo plazo,
by Dominique Goux y Éric Maurin.

A partir de un panel de encuestas Empleo (1990-1994), el estudio se propone medir las disparidades de salarios vinculadas a la experiencia profesional y a los diplomas, neutralizando los sezgos que provienen del carácter endógeno de las características no observadas de los individuos, así como también aquellos que provienen del carácter endógeno de las prácticas salariales específicas de los empleadores. Con la base de un pseudo-panel de encuestas sobre la capacitación y la calificación profesional (FQP), se évalua por otro lado la evolución del rendimiento salarial de los diplomas entre 1970 y 1993, neutralizando los efectos de la selectividad creciente de la desocupación.
Politique européenne d'exportation de céréales et comportements des opérateurs : une analyse économétrique des adjudications de restitutions
Authors: Bourgeon Jean-Marc , Le Roux Yves 
Published: July 2011

Die europäische Politik des Getreideexports und die Verhaltensweisen der M arktteilnehmer: eine ökonometrische Analyse der Ausschreibungen von Ausfuhrerstattungen,
von Jean-Marc Bourgeon, Yves Le Roux.

Ein Großteil der europäischen Getreideausfuhrerstattungen wird durch Ausschreibungen zugeteilt. Wir benutzen die Theorie der Übergebote, um das Verhalten der Marktteilnehmer zu modellieren, die bei den wöchentlichen Ausschreibungen von Interventionsbeständen an Weichweizen tätig werden. Die optimalen Angebotsstrategien der Beteiligten werden unter zwei einander gegenübergestellten Hypothesen hinsichtlich der Bewertung des Getreides durch die Marktteilnehmer ermittelt und geschätzt. Jede dieser Hypothesen entspricht einer besonderen Funktionsweise des Getreideweltmarktes und der verwandten Märkte. Der benutzte strukturelle Ansatz ermöglicht die Schlußfolgerung, daß die Verhaltensweisen der Beteiligten durch eine einheitliche Referenz auf dem Weltmarkt bestimmt werden und daß das Verfahren zur Zuteilung der Exportsubventionen effizient ist.
Les accords volontaires dans la politique environnementale : une mise en perspective de leur nature et de leur efficacité
Authors: Glachant Matthieu 
Published: July 2011

Los acuerdos voluntarios en la política medioambiental : una puesta en perspectiva de su naturaleza y su eficacia,
por Matthieu Glachant.

Este artículo propone un análisis de lo que fundamenta la especificidad de los acuerdos voluntarios, las negociaciones entre la administración y las firmas. Distinguiendo analíticamente el objetivo social de descontaminación, es decir la cantidad global de contaminación que el acuerdo prétende suprimir, y los medios para alcanzar este objetivo, una disimetría aparece. La discusión de los objetivos no puede dar lugar a un acuerdo por falta de la posibilidad de formulación de una amenaza creíble por la administración. En cambio, la discusión de los medios ve aparecer negociaciones descentralizadas entre las firmas ventajosas desde el punto de vista de la eficacia desde una óptica de asignación de recursos. Estos resultados se discuten ilustrândolos con ejemplos de acuerdos existentes.
Sur une inscription des Alyscamps révisée : une chrétienne de Trèves enterrée à Arles?
Authors: Guyon Jean , Heijmans Marc 
Published: July 2011

La réorganisation des collections épigraphiques du nouveau musée de l'Arles antique a permis de rapprocher deux fragments d'une inscription chrétienne de la fin du IVe siècle ou du début du Ve siècle qui ont été trouvés en 1936 à Saint-Honorat des Alyscamps et publiés séparément par F. Benoit.
En dépit d'importantes lacunes (le tiers droit est perdu), il est sûr que le marbre a été gravé par un certain Phœbadius pour sa femme décédée après quatre ans de mariage. Le formulaire est plus proche cependant de celui des inscriptions de Trêves que du corpus arlésien; comme d'autres défunts de la même nécropole, cette femme pourrait donc être du nombre des réfugiés qui sont venus à Arles lors du transfert de la préfecture des Gaules en 395 (ou 417?).
L'horizon transnational d'une famille tunisienne élargie
Authors: Boubakri Hassan , Mazzella Sylvie 
Published: July 2011

La question du regroupement familial dépasse de beaucoup la seule problématique de l’intégration dans le débat politico-juridique français, autour du droit ou non au regroupement partiel des familles et de la capacité de la France à enraciner les populations étrangères qui travaillent depuis longtemps sur son sol. Quand elle n’est pas considérée du simple point de vue juridique français, cette question peut être un critère pertinent d’analyse de la famille transnationale élargie. À partir d’une enquête monographique auprès d’une famille tunisienne originaire de la zone rurale de Ghoumrassen (région de Tataouine dans le Sud-est tunisien), et constituée de sept familles nucléaires dont les membres sont répartis entre Marseille, Tunis et Ghoumrassen, les auteurs cherchent à souligner diverses configurations de mobilité. L’analyse veut démontrer que ces configurations plurielles au sein d’un même clan familial sont liées aux différentes recompositions du projet migratoire « des pères de familles pionniers ». S’ils ont vécu cinquante ans plus tôt une même destinée migratoire, l’expérience transnationale de ces pères révèle en fin de compte des bifurcations professionnelles et familiales divergentes, et n’est pas sans effets sur la seconde génération.
Bilan de compétences, construction personnelle pour une dynamique professionnelle
Authors: Ruffin-Beck Catherine , Lemoine Claude 
Published: July 2011

La recherche vise à identifier les effets du bilan de compétences en termes de connaissance de soi et de proactivité pour des publics de faibles niveaux de qualification et en demande d’emploi. Elle s’inscrit dans le courant des apprentissages transformateurs à partir des concepts d’auto-attention focalisée (Lemoine, 1994), de la pratique réflexive Schön (1993) et de l’analyse des compétences aidée par un conseiller (Aubret, 1990). Elle est menée en partenariat avec 8 centres de bilans de compétences (CIBC). Les données sont recueillies par questionnaires avant et après la démarche. Les résultats confirment les effets sur la connaissance de soi mais non sur la proactivité, cette dernière se composant de deux dimensions aux effets différenciés. Quelques conséquences structurelles sont discutées.
From lab to Clinical Activity: Adrenergic Receptors and Human Uro-Genital Tissues
Authors: Grasso Angelica , Rocco Francesco 
Published: July 2011

Background Nowadays translational medicine is acquiring a more and more important role in connecting laboratory experimental results on human tissues to clinical findings and drug employment. We want to underline the importance of in vitro studies, which have been extensively performed on animal organs, but few studies have been performed on human tissues. Nevertheless, a more accurate result when compared to the in vivo use of drugs can be given only by testing the very same human tissues in a lab. We related clinical treatments of different pathologies with the results obtained in laboratory studying in vitro fragments of human organs extracted during surgery exposed to different mediators and drugs. Methods Fragments of urethers, bladder (detrusorial muscle and bladder neck muscle fibers), corpora cavernosa, and vas deferens were extracted during demolitive surgery trying not to traumatize the tissue, in order to keep it alive and not to ruin its contractile fibers. The fragments were then put into polisaline solution and, once in the laboratory, fixed on suitable isolated organ support, fixed at one side of the thermostatic pool and on the other side connected to a digital monitoring system. The contractility was then studied after adding different mediators. Results The urethers have shown a stronger response to NE and PGF2a, with a different contractility in their distal part due to a major concentration of alpha-receptors; the bladder neck has also shown a strong contractile response to NE and PGF2a, and is inhibited by alpha-blockers; the bladder detrusor, instead, responds to ACH (acetylcholine) and PGF2a; the vas deferens shows a different type of contractility in the prostatic part compared to the epididimary part when stimulated with noradrenaline and PGF2a; the corpora cavernosa respond to NE and PGF2a. Conclusions The results obtained after stimulating the fragments can explain and prove the receptorial activity of inner mediators and of commonly used drugs which have, for years, been used empirically; the simplicity and repetitivity of the method can be considered and used not only to research the physiological functioning of different organs, but also the functioning of new drugs before testing them on patients, being more reliable and accurate than tests on animal tissues. This experimental work has shown that using human tissues in testing specific mediators is the most reliable laboratory method.
Insignificant Prostate Cancer: Charateristics and Predictive Factors
Authors: Fugini Andrea Vismara , Antonelli Alessandro , Giovanessi Luca , Gardini Valentina Casadei , Abuhilal Mohannad , Zambolin Tiziano , Tardanico Regina , Simeone Claudio , Cunico Sergio Cosciani 
Published: July 2011

Introduction The widespread screening for PSA has contributed to the increased incidence of prostate cancer (PCa), mostly identifying disease at earlier stages. Many of these patients will probably not require treatment because of the indolent course of the disease. The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) has showed that 1410 men needed to be screened and 48 prostatectomies performed to prevent death. The aim of this study was to evaluate predictive factors of insignificant PCa in our experience. Materials and Methods We analyzed various preoperative clinical and biopsy findings of 225 consecutive patients who underwent prostatectomy from October 2007 to June 2010. The indication for biopsy was placed in presence of an abnormal rectal examination and/or suspected transrectal ultrasound and/or PSA >4 ng/ml. We consider insignificant a tumor with a volume ≤5% of the entire gland with a Gleason score ≤ 6, with no grades 4 or 5 and organ confined. Results The prevalence of potentially insignificant PCa in our experience was 12%. The preoperative findings of patients with insignificant PCa were significantly more favorable than the remaining cases with PCa not insignificant. Multivariate analysis did not reveal any independent predictors. Conclusions In our experience, in a population not screened for PCa, we have not identified any factors that can predict with certainty the insignificant nature of a tumor and, therefore, useful to start a patient on an active surveillance program.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Authors: Thompson Stephen M. , Robertson Gary , Johnson Eric 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Properties

3.

Production and Processing

3.1.

Recovery Sources

3.2.

Recontacting ‐ Compression

3.3.

Refrigeration

3.3.1.

Low‐Temperature Separation (LTS)

3.3.2.

Expander Plants

3.3.3.

Combined Processes

3.4.

Lean Oil Absorption

3.5.

Adsorption

3.6.

Production of Biopropane

4.

Purification

5.

Storage and Transportation

6.

Uses

7.

Safety Aspects

8.

Economic Aspects
Combustion
Authors: Lackner Maximilian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.History of combustion3.Combustion fundamentals3.1.Combustion chemistry of gases3.2.Combustion chemistry of liquids3.3.Combustion chemistry of solids3.4.Other fundamental terms in combustion4.Combustion products and pollutants5.Fuels5.1.Characterization of fuels5.1.1.Solid fuel characterization5.1.2.Liquid fuel characterization5.1.3.Gaseous fuel characterization5.2.Solid fuels5.2.1.Wood5.2.2.Coal5.2.3.Peat5.2.4.Coke5.2.5.Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)5.3.Liquid fuels5.3.1.Gasoline (petrol)5.3.2.Diesel5.3.3.Kerosene5.3.4.Fuel oil5.3.5.Synthetic fuels5.3.6.Methanol5.3.7.Ethanol5.3.8.Butanol5.4.Gaseous fuels5.4.1.Natural gas5.4.2.Hydrogen5.4.3.Propane5.4.4.Butane5.4.5.Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)5.4.6.Acetylene5.4.7.Gasification products5.5.Biofuels5.5.1.Biodiesel5.5.2.Biogas5.5.3.Biomass5.6.Transportation fuels6.Energy conversion by combustion7.Combustion processes and combustors7.1.Types of combustors7.2.Components7.2.1.Burners7.2.2.Ignition system7.2.3.Furnace7.2.4.Insulation7.2.5.Ash handling system7.2.6.Flue gas stack7.3.Solid fuel combustion systems7.3.1.Pulverized coal (PC) combustion systems7.3.2.Fluidized bed combustion (FBC)7.3.3.Gasification7.3.4.Waste‐to‐Energy (WtE)7.4.Liquid fuel combustion systems7.5.Gaseous fuel combustion systems7.5.1.Gas engine7.5.2.Gas turbine8.Power generation ‐ Thermal power plants8.1.Pulverized coal (PC) power plant8.2.Cofiring8.3.Cogeneration (Combined heat and power, CHP)8.4.Trigeneration8.5.Combined cycle8.6.Centralized vs. distributed power generation8.7.Boilers (Heaters)9.Corrosion and fouling10.Energy storage11.Energy transportation and distribution12.Special industries using combustion13.Combustion diagnostics and control13.1.Combustion diagnostics13.2.Advanced combustion control14.Safety14.1.Safe combustion14.2.Fire prevention14.3.Explosion and dust explosion prevention15.Sustainable combustion – climate change mitigation16.Combustion synthesis17.Key challenges and new developments in combustion
Thermo‐Mechanical Properties of an Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni–VC Shape Memory Alloy with Low Transformation Temperature
Authors: Leinenbach Christian , Kramer Hendrik , Bernhard Christian , Eifler Dietmar 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFe‐based shape memory alloys are supposed to be an interesting and cost‐effective alternative to NiTi‐based alloys. In this work, the thermo‐mechanical behavior of a novel Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni–VC shape memory alloy produced using standard air‐casting facilities is characterized as well as in the hot forged and cold rolled state. Besides a certain pseudoelasticity, the alloy shows good shape recovery properties and remarkably high shape memory stresses after heating to temperatures of only 160 °C, making the alloy interesting for commercial applications that make use of the shape memory effect.
The proximal chromosome 14q microdeletion syndrome: Delineation of the phenotype using high resolution SNP oligonucleotide microarray analysis (SOMA) and review of the literature
Authors: Torgyekes Edina , Shanske Alan L. , Anyane‐Yeboa Kwame , Nahum Odelia , Pirzadeh Sara , Blumfield Einat , Jobanputra Vaidehi , Warburton Dorothy , Levy Brynn 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe report on two patients with overlapping small interstitial deletions involving regions 14q12 to 14q13.1. Both children had severe developmental delay, failure to thrive, microcephaly, and distinctive facial features, including abnormal spacing of the eyes, epicanthal folds, sloping forehead, low‐set ears, rounded eyebrows with triangular media aspect and outer tapering, depressed and broad nasal bridge, small mouth, a long philtrum, and a prominent Cupid's bow. Brain MRI of both children showed partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. Our first patient had bilateral hypoplastic optic nerves causing blindness, mild hearing impairment, sinus arrhythmia, abnormal temperature regulation, frequent apneic episodes, myoclonic jerks, and opisthotonus. Our second patient had a seizure disorder confirmed by EEG, sleep apnea, chronic interstitial lung disease, and several episodes of pneumonia and gastroenteritis. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal karyotype in Patient 1 and a unique apparently balanced three‐way translocation in Patient 2 involving chromosomes 4, 14, and 11. High resolution SNP Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis (SOMA) revealed a deletion in the proximal region of chromosome 14q overlapping with the deletion of our first patient, and no copy number changes in chromosomes 4 and 11. Here, we review and compare published cases with a deletion involving the 14q12‐22.1 chromosomal region in an effort to correlate phenotype and genotype. We also examine the underlying genomic architecture to identify the possible mechanism of the chromosomal abnormality. Our review found a patient with a mirror duplication of our first patient's deletion, confirming the existence of an underlying genomic structural instability in the region. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Masticatory muscle defects in hemifacial microsomia: A new embryological concept
Authors: Heude Églantine , Rivals Isabelle , Couly Gérard , Levi Giovanni 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFirst arch syndromes correspond to a wide spectrum of human latero‐facial congenital anomalies affecting cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch (PA1). The abnormal traits display variable quantitative expression and are often unilateral. Mandibular skeletal defects are invariably accompanied by hypoplasia or agenesis of masticatory muscles, but no explanation has been proposed for this association. Indeed, during embryonic development, CNCCs give only rise to skeletal components of the head while muscles derive from cephalic myogenic mesodermal cells (CMMCs). Recent studies on animal models have shown that communication between CNCCs and CMMCs is essential for the development of masticatory muscles: genetic lesions affecting only CNCCs can prevent muscularization of the jaws. To evaluate the involvement of CNCC/CMMC interactions in human craniofacial development, we performed a quantitative analysis of masticatory muscle and mandibular bone volumes on craniofacial CT‐scans from 8 children, ages 3 months to 16 years, affected by hemifacial microsomia. We found that: (1) in seven patients the masseter muscle is absent in the affected side; (2) the absence of masseter is correlated neither with the age of the patients nor with the volume and shape of the affected ramus; and (3) in all cases the pterygoid and the temporal muscles are either reduced or absent. Our findings suggest that an early developmental event is the origin of the muscular defects in these patients. We propose that the hypoplasia or agenesis of masticatory muscles derives from a defect in the CNCCs/CMMCs communication during early embryonic development. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deletions and duplications of developmental pathway genes in 5q31 contribute to abnormal phenotypes
Authors: Rosenfeld Jill A. , Drautz Joanne Milisa , Clericuzio Carol L. , Cushing Tom , Raskin Salmo , Martin Judith , Tervo Raymond C. , Pitarque Jose A. , Nowak Dorota M. , Karolak Justyna A. , Lamb Allen N. , Schultz Roger A. , Ballif Blake C. , Bejjani Bassem A. , Gajecka Marzena , Shaffer Lisa G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAlthough copy number changes of 5q31 have been rarely reported, deletions have been associated with some common characteristics, such as short stature, failure to thrive, developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID), club feet, dislocated hips, and dysmorphic features. We report on three individuals with deletions and two individuals with duplications at 5q31, ranging from 3.6 Mb to 8.1 Mb and 830 kb to 3.4 Mb in size, respectively. All five copy number changes are apparently de novo and involve several genes that are important in developmental pathways, including PITX1, SMAD5, and WNT8A. The individuals with deletions have characteristic features including DD, short stature, club feet, cleft or high palate, dysmorphic features, and skeletal anomalies. Haploinsufficiency of PITX1, a transcription factor important for limb development, is likely the cause for the club feet, skeletal anomalies, and cleft/high palate, while additional genes, including SMAD5 and WNT8A, may also contribute to additional phenotypic features. Two patients with deletions also presented with corneal anomalies. To identify a causative gene for the corneal anomalies, we sequenced candidate genes in a family with apparent autosomal dominant keratoconus with suggestive linkage to 5q31, but no mutations in candidate genes were found. The duplications are smaller than the deletions, and the patients with duplications have nonspecific features. Although development is likely affected by increased dosage of the genes in the region, the developmental disruption appears less severe than that seen with deletion. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chitosan as an ocular drug delivery vehicle for vancomycin
Authors: Khangtragool Anutra , Ausayakhun Somsanguan , Leesawat Phuriwat , Laokul Chutiporn , Molloy Robert 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe main objective of this research has been to study the efficiency of chitosan as an ocular drug delivery vehicle for topically applied vancomycin in rabbit eyes. Vancomycin 50 mg/mL was reconstituted in four preparations, namely: in Tears Naturale II™, in 0.9% w/v aqueous sodium chloride, and in 0.1% and 0.3% w/v chitosan solutions in 1% aqueous L(+)‐lactic acid. Twenty‐five microliters of vancomycin (50 mg/mL) were applied into the lower conjunctival eye sac in rabbit eyes. Tear samples were then collected after 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the topically applied vancomycin. Comparison of the results obtained showed that vancomycin 50 mg/mL eye drops in the 0.3% chitosan solution were similar to Tears Naturale II™ in terms of bioavailability. The main conclusion to be drawn from this study is that the 0.3% w/v chitosan solution appears to be a highly promising, cost effective candidate for biomedical use as a vehicle for vancomycin ocular drug delivery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Influence of carbon black on decompression failure and hydrogen permeation properties of filled ethylene‐propylene–diene–methylene rubbers exposed to high‐pressure hydrogen gas
Authors: Yamabe Junichiro , Nishimura Shin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEight carbon black (CB)‐filled ethylene–propylene–diene–methylene linkage (EPDM) rubbers were manufactured by varying the content and type of CB. Then, the relationship among crack damage caused by high‐pressure hydrogen decompression, the hydrogen permeation properties, and the mechanical properties of the rubbers was investigated. The hydrogen gas permeability of the rubbers decreased with an increase in the CB content and depended little on primary particle size. In contrast, the hydrogen gas diffusivity and solubility depended on both the CB content and primary particle size, that is, the hydrogen gas diffusivity decreased with an increase in the CB content and a decrease in the primary particle size, and the hydrogen gas solubility increased with an increase in the CB content and a decrease in the primary particle size. As for the mechanical properties, the CB‐filled rubbers were more strongly reinforced by an increase in the CB content and a decrease in the primary particle size. The crack damage by high‐pressure hydrogen decompression became larger as the ratio of the hydrogen gas solubility to estimated internal pressure at crack initiation relating to the mechanical properties became larger. As a smaller CB particle increases the hydrogen gas solubility of EPDM rubbers, while at the same time it reinforces the rubbers, the crack damage in the CB‐filled rubbers was not influenced by the primary particle size. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011