bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaemia is associated with shorter leucocyte telomere length in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Wong Liza S.M. , Huzen Jardi , van der Harst Pim , de Boer Rudolf A. , Codd Veryan , Daan Westenbrink B. , Benus Germaine F.J.D. , Voors Adriaan A. , van Gilst Wiek H. , Samani Nilesh J. , Jaarsma Tiny , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. 
Published: March 2010

AimsAnaemia is highly prevalent and associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Reduced erythroid proliferation capacity of haematopoietic progenitor cells is associated with reduced telomere length, a marker of cellular ageing. We hypothesize that short telomere length contributes to the susceptibility to develop anaemia in patients with CHF.Methods and resultsWe studied 875 CHF patients, of whom 254 (29%) fulfilled the WHO criteria of anaemia. Telomere length in DNA from peripheral leucocytes was measured with real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Age, gender, and baseline differences adjusted telomere length was correlated with haemoglobin levels (partial r = 0.130; P = 0.011). One standard deviation shorter telomere length was associated with an increased risk of having anaemia [odds ratio (OR), 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–1.53; P = 0.001]. This observation was not affected by adjustment for potential confounders (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05–1.81; P = 0.021 after adjustment for age, gender, erythropoietin levels, renal function, left ventricular ejection fraction, age of CHF onset, blood pressure, history of stroke, diabetes, and B‐type natriuretic peptide levels).ConclusionShorter telomere length increases the odds of having anaemia in CHF patients. This finding supports the hypothesis that cellular ageing in CHF contributes to the susceptibility to develop anaemia.
Exercise training improves cardiac function in infarcted rabbits: involvement of autophagic function and fatty acid utilization
Authors: Chen Ching‐Yi , Hsu Hsiu‐Ching , Lee Bai‐Chin , Lin Hung‐Ju , Chen Ying‐Hsien , Huang Hui‐Chun , Ho Yi‐Lwun , Chen Ming‐Fong 
Published: March 2010

AimsTo explore whether exercise can improve cardiac function in a post‐myocardial infarction (MI) rabbit model and to determine contributing factors in the left ventricle (LV).Methods and resultsAdult male New Zealand White rabbits (2.5–3 kg) underwent MI by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. For 8 weeks after surgery, sham‐operated, and post‐MI rabbits were housed under sedentary conditions or assigned to a 4‐week treadmill exercise protocol at a speed of 1.0 km/h for 30 min 5 days per week, then sacrificed. The non‐infarcted region of the LV was harvested for further analysis. MI decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) generation in the LV. Exercise improved the cardiac function of MI rabbits. Left ventricular LC3II/LC3I (microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3) in the MI group was 2.1‐fold higher than that of the sham group, exercise significantly decreased LC3II/LC3I in the MI group. MI down‐regulated the expression of heart‐type fatty acid binding protein (h‐FABP), and exercise up‐regulated h‐FABP. In addition, LVEF had a significantly positive correlation with h‐FABP and a negative correlation with LC3II/LC3I.ConclusionExercise induced change in autophagic function and fatty acid utilization may contribute to the improvement in ventricular function in the infarcted heart.
Endosome-Associated CRT1 Functions Early inResistanceGene–Mediated Defense Signaling inArabidopsisand Tobacco
Authors: Kang Hong-Gu , Oh Chang-Sik , Sato Masanao , Katagiri Fumiaki , Glazebrook Jane , Takahashi Hideki , Kachroo Pradeep , Martin Gregory B. , Klessig Daniel F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractResistance gene–mediated immunity confers protection against pathogen infection in a wide range of plants. A genetic screen for Arabidopsis thaliana mutants compromised for recognition of turnip crinkle virus previously identified CRT1, a member of the GHKL ATPase/kinase superfamily. Here, we demonstrate that CRT1 interacts with various resistance proteins from different structural classes, and this interaction is disrupted when these resistance proteins are activated. The Arabidopsis mutant crt1-2 crh1-1, which lacks CRT1 and its closest homolog, displayed compromised resistance to avirulent Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Additionally, resistance-associated hypersensitive cell death was suppressed in Nicotiana benthamiana silenced for expression of CRT1 homolog(s). Thus, CRT1 appears to be a general factor for resistance gene–mediated immunity. Since elevation of cytosolic calcium triggered by avirulent P. syringae was compromised in crt1-2 crh1-1 plants, but cell death triggered by Nt MEK2DD was unaffected in CRT1-silenced N. benthamiana, CRT1 likely functions at an early step in this pathway. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis led to identification of CRT1-Associated genes, many of which are associated with transport processes, responses to (a)biotic stress, and the endomembrane system. Confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation revealed that CRT1 localizes to endosome-like vesicles, suggesting a key process in resistance protein activation/signaling occurs in this subcellular compartment.
Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity – a summary of the second edition
Authors:   Alcohol and Public Policy Group
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis article summarizes the contents of Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity (2nd edn). The first part of the book describes why alcohol is not an ordinary commodity, and reviews epidemiological data that establish alcohol as a major contributor to the global burden of disease, disability and death in high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries. This section also documents how international beer and spirits production has been consolidated recently by a small number of global corporations that are expanding their operations in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America. In the second part of the book, the scientific evidence for strategies and interventions that can prevent or minimize alcohol‐related harm is reviewed critically in seven key areas: pricing and taxation, regulating the physical availability of alcohol, modifying the drinking context, drink‐driving countermeasures, restrictions on marketing, education and persuasion strategies, and treatment and early intervention services. Finally, the book addresses the policy‐making process at the local, national and international levels and provides ratings of the effectiveness of strategies and interventions from a public health perspective. Overall, the strongest, most cost‐effective strategies include taxation that increases prices, restrictions on the physical availability of alcohol, drink‐driving countermeasures, brief interventions with at risk drinkers and treatment of drinkers with alcohol dependence.
Severe hypotension related to cell salvaged blood transfusion in obstetrics
Authors: Kessack L. K. , Hawkins N. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryIntra‐operative blood cell salvage has recently been adopted for use in women at risk of significant haemorrhage during caesarean section. It has also been advocated for use in those patients who refuse allogenic blood transfusion. A 37‐year‐old pregnant woman (gravida 3, para 2) underwent an elective lower segment caesarean section at 36 weeks for an anterior, major placenta accreta (grade 4). The volume of cell salvaged blood collected during the procedure was 1870 ml. On starting the cell‐salvaged blood transfusion, the blood pressure was noted to fall and this was temporally related to the transfusion of the cell‐salvaged blood. We review the recent literature and case reports on hypotension related to cell‐salvaged blood transfusion.
Differential effects of propofol and isoflurane on the activation of T‐helper cells in lung cancer patients
Authors: Ren X. F. , Li W. Z. , Meng F. Y. , Lin C. F. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryIt is suggested that activation and differentiation of T‐helper cells are required for peri‐operative anti‐tumor and anti‐infection immunity. The present study aimed to evaluate whether propofol stimulates the activation and differentiation of these cells in patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy for non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Thirty patients were randomly allocated to receive propofol or isoflurane throughout surgery. The CD4+CD28+ percentage (p < 0.0001) and the ratio of interferon‐γ:interleukin‐4 (p = 0.001) all increased with propofol but showed no change with isoflurane. In contrast, cortisol increased with isoflurane (p < 0.0001) but not with propofol over time (p = 0.06). We conclude that propofol promotes activation and differentiation of peripheral T‐helper cells.
Comparison of the C‐MAC® videolaryngoscope with the Macintosh, Glidescope®, and Airtraq® laryngoscopes in easy and difficult laryngoscopy scenarios in manikins
Authors: McElwain J. , Malik M.A. , Harte B.H. , Flynn N.M. , Laffey J.G. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe C‐MAC® comprises a Macintosh blade connected to a video unit. The familiarity of the Macintosh blade, and the ability to use the C‐MAC as a direct or indirect laryngoscope, may be advantageous. We wished to compare the C‐MAC with Macintosh, Glidescope® and Airtraq® laryngoscopes in easy and simulated difficult laryngoscopy. Thirty‐one experienced anaesthetists performed tracheal intubation in an easy and difficult laryngoscopy scenario. The duration of intubation attempts, success rates, number of intubation attempts and of optimisation manoeuvres, the severity of dental compression, and difficulty of device use were recorded. In easy laryngoscopy, the duration of tracheal intubation attempts were similar with the C‐MAC, Macintosh and Airtraq laryngoscopes; the Glidescope performed less well. The C‐MAC and Airtraq provided the best glottic views, but the C‐MAC was rated as the easiest device to use. In difficult laryngo‐scopy the C‐MAC demonstrated the shortest tracheal intubation times. The Airtraq provided the best glottic view, with the Macintosh providing the worst view. The C‐MAC was the easiest device to use.
The use of capnography and the availability of airway equipment on Intensive Care Units in the UK and the Republic of Ireland*
Authors: Georgiou A. P. , Gouldson S. , Amphlett A. M. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryAt least 20% of reported major adverse airway events occur on the intensive care unit. This study surveyed 315 (96%) of all general, satellite, hepatobiliary, cardiac and neuro‐intensive care units in the UK and the Republic of Ireland, finding that only 100 (32%) units always use capnography for tracheal intubation while only 80 (25%) always use capnography for continuous monitoring of patients requiring controlled ventilation. Three hundred and ten (98%) units utilise a checklist of airway equipment, 311 (99%) check its functionality on a daily basis and 296 (94%) units have access to a bronchoscope. Whilst 297 (94%) ICUs have an airway trolley, sufficient equipment for unanticipated difficult intubation was only seen on 33 (10%) of units. Guidelines addressing minimum standards for monitoring and airway safety on ICU are not being met and remain below the standard expected.
Comparison of the prophylactic anti‐emetic efficacy of ramosetron and ondansetron in patients at high‐risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting after total knee replacement
Authors: Hahm T. S. , Ko J. S. , Choi S. J. , Gwak M. S. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryWe compared the prophylactic anti‐emetic efficacy of ramosetron, a newly developed 5‐HT3 antagonist, and ondansetron in patients at high‐risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting after total knee replacement. Eighty‐four patients with three risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (female, non‐smoking and use of postoperative opioid use (ropivacaine and hydromorphone patient controlled epidural analgesia)) undergoing unilateral total knee replacement were randomly allocated to ramosetron 0.3 mg (n = 42) or ondansetron 4 mg (n = 42) groups. A complete response (no postoperative nausea and vomiting and no rescue anti‐emetic) and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed for 48 h after surgery at 0–2 h, 2–6 h, 6–24 h, and 24–48 h. More patients in the ramosetron group had a complete response between 2 and 48 h. The incidence of nausea between 2 and 24 h and the severity of nausea between 2 and 48 h were also less in the ramosetron group. Ramosetron was more effective than ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients at high risk undergoing unilateral total knee replacement.
Construction of a genetic linkage map for silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
Authors: Zhang L. , Yang G. , Guo S. , Wei Q. , Zou G. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryFor silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), a combined microsatellite (or simple sequence repeat) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) sex average linkage map was constructed. A total of 483 markers (245 microsatellites and 238 AFLPs) were assigned to 33 linkage groups. The map spanned 1352.2 cM, covering 86.4% of the estimated genome size of silver carp. The maximum and average spaces between 420 loci were 21.5 cM and 3.2 cM, respectively. The length of linkage groups ranged from 3.6 cM to 98.5 cM with an average of 41.0 cM. The number of markers per group varied from 2 to 44 with an average of 14.6. The AFLP markers significantly improved the integrity of microsatellite‐based linkage groups and increased the genome coverage and marker evenness. A genome‐wide recombination suppression was observed in male. In an extreme case, six microsatellites co‐segregated in male, but spanned a 45.1 cM region in female.
Change in winter snow depth and its impacts on vegetation in China
Authors: PENG SHUSHI , PIAO SHILONG , CIAIS PHILIPPE , FANG JINGYUN , WANG XUHUI 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSnow on land is an important component of the global climate system, but our knowledge about the effects of its changes on vegetation are limited, particularly in temperate regions. In this study, we use daily snow depth data from 279 meteorological stations across China to investigate the distribution of winter snow depth (December–February) from 1980 to 2005 and its impact on vegetation growth, here approximated by satellite‐derived vegetation greenness index observations [Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)]. The snow depth trends show strong geographical heterogeneities. An increasing trend (>0.01 cm yr−1) in maximum and mean winter snow depth is found north of 40°N (e.g. Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, and Northwest China). A declining trend (<−0.01 cm yr−1) is observed south of 40°N, particularly over Central and East China. The effect of changes in snow depth on vegetation growth was examined for several ecosystem types. In deserts, mean winter snow depth is significantly and positively correlated with NDVI during both early (May and June) and mid‐growing seasons (July and August), suggesting that winter snow plays a critical role in regulating desert vegetation growth, most likely through persistent effects on soil moisture. In grasslands, there is also a significant positive correlation between winter snow depth and NDVI in the period May–June. However, in forests, shrublands, and alpine meadow and tundra, no such correlation is found. These ecosystem‐specific responses of vegetation growth to winter snow depth may be due to differences in growing environmental conditions such as temperature and rainfall.
Juvenile salmonid populations in a temperate river system track synoptic trends in climate
Authors: CLEWS ESTHER , DURANCE ISABELLE , VAUGHAN I. P. , ORMEROD S. J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWidespread declines among Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) over recent decades have been linked to pollution, exploitation and catchment modification, but climate change is increasingly implicated. We used long‐term, geographically extensive data from the Welsh River Wye, formerly a major salmon river, to examine whether climatically mediated effects on juveniles (>0+) might contribute to population change. Populations of Atlantic salmon and brown trout fell across the Wye catchment, respectively, by 50% and 67% between 1985 and 2004, but could not be explained by pollution because water quality improved during this time. Stream temperatures, estimated from calibrations against weekly air temperature at eight sites, increased by 0.5–0.7 °C in summer and 0.7–1.0 °C in winter, with larger tributaries warming more than shaded headwaters. Rates of winter warming were slightly greater after accounting for the effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation (1.1–1.4 °C). However, warming through time was smaller than measured variations among tributaries, and alone was insufficient to explain variations in salmonid density. Instead, population variations were best explained in multilevel mixed models by a synoptic variate representing a trend towards hotter, drier summers, implying interactions between climate warming, varying discharge and fluctuations in both brown trout and salmon. Taken alongside recent data showing effects of warming on survival at sea, these data suggest that Atlantic salmon might be jeopardized by future climatic effects in both their marine and freshwater stages. Effects on nondiadromous brown trout also imply climatically mediated processes in freshwaters or their catchments. Climate projections for the United Kingdom suggest that altered summer flow and increasing summer temperatures could exacerbate losses further in these species, and we advocate management actions that combine reduced abstraction with enhanced riparian shading.
From climate change predictions to actions – conserving vulnerable animal groups in hotspots at a regional scale
Authors: CARVALHO SÍLVIA B. , BRITO JOSÉ C. , CRESPO EDUARDO J. , POSSINGHAM HUGH P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCurrent climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. Species unable to adapt or move will face local or global extinction and this is more likely to happen to species with narrow climatic and habitat requirements and limited dispersal abilities, such as amphibians and reptiles. Biodiversity losses are likely to be greatest in global biodiversity hotspots where climate change is fast, such as the Iberian Peninsula. Here we assess the impact of climate change on 37 endemic and nearly endemic herptiles of the Iberian Peninsula by predicting species distributions for three different times into the future (2020, 2050 and 2080) using an ensemble of bioclimatic models and different combinations of species dispersal ability, emission levels and global circulation models. Our results show that species with Atlantic affinities that occur mainly in the North‐western Iberian Peninsula have severely reduced future distributions. Up to 13 species may lose their entire potential distribution by 2080. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the most critical period for the majority of these species will be the next decade. While there is considerable variability between the scenarios, we believe that our results provide a robust relative evaluation of climate change impacts among different species. Future evaluation of the vulnerability of individual species to climate change should account for their adaptive capacity to climate change, including factors such as physiological climate tolerance, geographical range size, local abundance, life cycle, behavioural and phenological adaptability, evolutionary potential and dispersal ability.
The European carbon balance. Part 4: integration of carbon and other trace‐gas fluxes
Authors: SCHULZE E. D. , CIAIS P. , LUYSSAERT S. , SCHRUMPF M. , JANSSENS I. A. , THIRUCHITTAMPALAM B. , THELOKE J. , SAURAT M. , BRINGEZU S. , LELIEVELD J. , LOHILA A. , REBMANN C. , JUNG M. , BASTVIKEN D. , ABRIL G. , GRASSI G. , LEIP A. , FREIBAUER A. , KUTSCH W. , DON A. , NIESCHULZE J. , BÖRNER A. , GASH J. H. , DOLMAN A. J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOverviewing the European carbon (C), greenhouse gas (GHG), and non‐GHG fluxes, gross primary productivity (GPP) is about 9.3 Pg yr−1, and fossil fuel imports are 1.6 Pg yr−1. GPP is about 1.25% of solar radiation, containing about 360 × 1018 J energy – five times the energy content of annual fossil fuel use. Net primary production (NPP) is 50%, terrestrial net biome productivity, NBP, 3%, and the net GHG balance, NGB, 0.3% of GPP. Human harvest uses 20% of NPP or 10% of GPP, or alternatively 1‰ of solar radiation after accounting for the inherent cost of agriculture and forestry, for production of pesticides and fertilizer, the return of organic fertilizer, and for the C equivalent cost of GHG emissions. C equivalents are defined on a global warming potential with a 100‐year time horizon. The equivalent of about 2.4% of the mineral fertilizer input is emitted as N2O. Agricultural emissions to the atmosphere are about 40% of total methane, 60% of total NO‐N, 70% of total N2O‐N, and 95% of total NH3‐N emissions of Europe. European soils are a net C sink (114 Tg yr−1), but considering the emissions of GHGs, soils are a source of about 26 Tg CO2 C‐equivalent yr−1. Forest, grassland and sediment C sinks are offset by GHG emissions from croplands, peatlands and inland waters. Non‐GHGs (NH3, NOx) interact significantly with the GHG and the C cycle through ammonium nitrate aerosols and dry deposition. Wet deposition of nitrogen (N) supports about 50% of forest timber growth. Land use change is regionally important. The absolute flux values total about 50 Tg C yr−1. Nevertheless, for the European trace‐gas balance, land‐use intensity is more important than land‐use change. This study shows that emissions of GHGs and non‐GHGs significantly distort the C cycle and eliminate apparent C sinks.
Flying vaccinator; a transgenic mosquito delivers a Leishmania vaccine via blood feeding
Authors: Yamamoto D. S. , Nagumo H. , Yoshida S. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract‘Flying vaccinator’ is the concept of using genetically engineered hematophagous insects to deliver vaccines. Here we show the generation of a transgenic anopheline mosquito that expresses the Leishmania vaccine candidate, SP15, fused to monomeric red fluorescent protein (mDsRed) in its salivary glands. Importantly, mice bitten repeatedly by the transgenic mosquitoes raised anti‐SP15 antibodies, indicating delivery of SP15 via blood feeding with its immunogenicity intact. Thus, this technology makes possible the generation of transgenic mosquitoes that match the original concept of a ‘flying vaccinator’. However, medical safety issues and concerns about informed consent mitigate the use of the ‘flying vaccinator’ as a method to deliver vaccines. We propose that this expression system could be applied to elucidate saliva–malaria sporozoite interactions.
Molecular characterization and enzymatic analysis of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase genes in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Tsubota T. , Nakakura T. , Shiotsuki T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractJuvenile hormone epoxide hydrolases (JHEHs) degrade juvenile hormones (JHs) and are important for JH titre regulation. Here, we report the cloning and analysis of five jheh‐related (jheh‐r1–r5) genes in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, a model species for the coleopteran insects. T. castaneum JHEH‐r (TcJHEH‐r) proteins show high homology to lepidopteran JHEHs and also to human microsomal epoxide hydrolase. In the phylogenetic tree, Tcjheh‐rs were clustered, and interestingly, they were also clustered in the genome. Examination of enzymatic activities using recombinant TcJHEH‐r proteins showed that TcJHEH‐r3 had strong degradation activity for JH III, whereas TcJHEH‐r4 had weak activity. The study has yielded significant information that will facilitate further analysis of JHEHs and epoxide hydrolases.