bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueye and Iqueye, Very-High-Time-Resolution Photon-Counting Photometers
Authors: Barbieri Cesare , Naletto Giampiero , Zampieri Luca , Verroi Enrico , Gradari Serena , Collins Susan , Shearer Andy 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe describe very high-time-resolution photometers capable of tagging the arrival time of each photon with a resolution and accuracy of few hundred picoseconds, for hours of continuous acquisition, and with a dynamic range of more than 6 orders of magnitude. The final goal is the conceptual definition of a “quantum” photometer for the E-ELT, capable of detecting and measuring second-order correlation effects in photon streams from celestial sources. Two prototype units have been built and operated, one for the Asiago 1.8-m telescope (AquEYE) and one for the 3.5-m NTT (IquEYE).Here we will present results obtained by IquEYE on the Crab Nebula pulsar in simultaneous radio observations with Jodrell Bank in December 2009.
Time-Resolved Spectroscopy with SDSS
Authors: Bickerton Steven , Badenes Carles , Hettinger Thomas , Beers Timothy , Huang Sonya 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe present a brief technical outline of the newly-formed project, “Detection of Spectroscopic Differences over Time” (DS/DT). Our collaboration is using individual exposures from the SDSS spectroscopic archive to produce a uniformly-processed set of time-resolved spectra. Here we provide an overview of the properties and processing of the available data, and highlight the wide range of time base-lines present in the archive.
Improved Time-Series Photometry and Calibration Method for Non-Crowded Fields: MMT Megacam and HAT-South Experiences
Authors: Chang Seo-Won , Byun Yong-Ik , Kim Dae-Won 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe present a new photometric reduction method for precise time-series photometry of non-crowded fields that does not need to involve relatively complicated and CPU intensive techniques such as point-spread-function (PSF) fitting or difference image analysis. This method, which combines multi-aperture index photometry and a spatio-temporal de-trending algorithm, gives much superior performance in data recovery and light-curve precision. In practice, the brutal filtering that is often applied to remove outlying data points can result in the loss of vital data, with seriously negative impacts on short-term variations such as flares. Our method utilizes nearly 100% of available data and reduces the rms scatter to several times smaller than that for archived light curves for brighter stars. We outline the details of our new method, and apply it to cases of sample data from the MMT survey of the M37 field, and the HAT-South survey.
Characterising the Dwarf Nova Population of the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey
Authors: de Budè Deanne , Woudt Patrick , Warner Brian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractResults of a high-speed photometric study of dwarf novæ in the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey are given. A population of faint dwarf novæ near the orbital period minimum is detected. At the shortest periods there is a correlation between orbital period and outburst interval.
Inferring Rotation Periods of Young Stars from Synoptic Observations
Authors: Hartigan Patrick , Johns-Krull Christopher M. , Scowen Paul 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUsing known distributions for the periods, amplitudes and light-curve shapes of young stars, we examine how well one could measure periods of these objects in the upcoming era of large synoptic surveys. Surveys like the LSST should be able to recover accurate rotation periods for over 90% of targets of interest in regions near to massive-star formation. That information will usher in a new era in our understanding of how the angular momentum of a young star/disk system evolves with time.
Interstellar Scintillation as a Cosmological Probe: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Koay J. Y. , Macquart J.-P. , Rickett B. J. , Bignall H. E. , Jauncey D. L. , Lovell J. E. J. , Reynolds C. , Pursimo T. , Kedziora-Chudczer L. , Ojha R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe discovery that interstellar scintillation (ISS) is suppressed for compact radio sources at z ≳ 2 has enabled ISS surveys to be used as cosmological probes. We discuss briefly the potential and challenges involved in such an undertaking, based on a dual-frequency survey of ISS carried out to determine the origin of this redshift dependence.
An Extremely Luminous Outburst from a Relativistic Tidal Disruption Event
Authors: Levan A. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe present the discovery and monitoring observations of Swift 1644+57, a luminous outburst from the nucleus of a galaxy at z = 0.35. Precise astrometry ties the source to within a few hundred parsecs of the nucleus of its host, and suggests a link to the massive black hole that probably resides there. The high luminosity and rapid variability are strongly indicative of a beamed source. We suggest that this event is best explained by the tidal disruption of a passing star by the supermassive black hole, which simultaneously created a powerful panchromatic explosion. However, it has also been proposed that such events may be related to the core collapse of massive stars. Future observations of a sample of similar events, focussing on their locations within the hosts, should distinguish in a straightforward manner between the two proposals.
Solar System Science with Robotic Telescopes
Authors: Lister T. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn increasing number of sky surveys is already on-line or soon will be, leading to a large boost in the detection of Solar System objects of all types. For Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) that could potentially hit the Earth, timely follow-up is essential. I describe the development of an automated system which responds to new detections of NEOs from Pan-STARRS and automatically observes them with the LCOGT telescopes. I present results from the first few months of operation, and plans for the future with the 6-site, 40-telescope global LCOGT Network.
The NOAO Variable-Sky Project
Authors: Matheson T. , Blum R. , Jannuzi B. , Lauer T. , Norman D. , Olsen K. , Ridgway S. , Saha A. , Shaw R. , Walker A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractModern time-domain surveys have demonstrated that finding variable objects is relatively straightforward. The problem now is one of selecting and following up discoveries. With even larger-scale surveys on the horizon, the magnitude of the problem will inevitably increase. One way to prepare for the coming deluge is to have realistic estimates of the numbers of potential detections so that resources can be developed to meet that need. To that end, astronomers at the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) have begun a project to characterize the variable sky in terms of type of objects, distribution on the sky and range of variation.
Classification of ASKAP VAST Radio Light Curves
Authors: Rebbapragada Umaa , Lo Kitty , Wagstaff Kiri L. , Reed Colorado , Murphy Tara , Thompson David R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe VAST survey is a wide-field survey that observes with unprecedented instrument sensitivity (0.5 mJy or lower) and repeat cadence (a goal of 5 seconds) that will enable novel scientific discoveries related to known and unknown classes of radio transients and variables. Given the unprecedented observing characteristics of VAST, it is important to estimate source classification performance, and determine best practices prior to the launch of ASKAP's BETA in 2012. The goal of this study is to identify light-curve characterization and classification algorithms that are best suited for archival VAST light-curve classification. We perform our experiments on light-curve simulations of eight source types and achieve best-case performance of approximately 90% accuracy. We note that classification performance is most influenced by light-curve characterization rather than classifier algorithm.
Evaluation of ionospheric densities using coincident OII 83.4 nm airglow and the Millstone Hill Radar
Authors: Douglas E. S. , Smith S. M. , Stephan A. W. , Cashman L. , Bishop R. L. , Budzien S. A. , Christensen A. B. , Hecht J. H. , Chakrabarti S. 
Published: April 2012

We test the utility of the OII 83.4 nm emission feature as a measure of ionospheric parameters. Observed with the Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS) Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph on the International Space Station (ISS), limb profiles of 83.4 nm emissions are compared to predicted dayglow emission profiles from a theoretical model incorporating ground‐based electron density profiles measured by the Millstone Hill radar and parameterized by a best‐fit Chapman‐α function. Observations and models are compared for periods of conjunction between Millstone Hill and the RAIDS fields‐of‐view. These RAIDS observations show distinct differences in topside morphology between two days, 15 January and 10 March 2010, closely matching the forward model morphology and demonstrating that 83.4 nm emission is sensitive to changes in the ionospheric density profile from the 340 km altitude of the ISS during solar minimum. We find no significant difference between 83.4 nm emission profiles modeled assuming a constant scale height Chapman‐α best‐fit to the ISR measurements and those assuming varying scale height.
Structure and activity of the cold-active and anion-activated carboxyl esterase OLEI01171 from the oil-degrading marine bacteriumOleispira antarctica
Authors: Lemak Sofia , Tchigvintsev Anatoli , Petit Pierre , Flick Robert , Singer Alexander U. , Brown Greg , Evdokimova Elena , Egorova Olga , Gonzalez Claudio F. , Chernikova Tatyana N. , Yakimov Michail M. , Kube Michael , Reinhardt Richard , Golyshin Peter N. , Savchenko Alexei , Yakunin Alexander F. 
Published: April 2012

The uncharacterized α/β-hydrolase protein OLEI01171 from the psychrophilic marine bacterium Oleispira antarctica belongs to the PF00756 family of putative esterases, which also includes human esterase D. In the present paper we show that purified recombinant OLEI01171 exhibits high esterase activity against the model esterase substrate α-naphthyl acetate at 5—30°C with maximal activity at 15–20°C. The esterase activity of OLEI01171 was stimulated 3–8-fold by the addition of chloride or several other anions (0.1–1.0 M). Compared with mesophilic PF00756 esterases, OLEI01171 exhibited a lower overall protein thermostability. Two crystal structures of OLEI01171 were solved at 1.75 and 2.1 Å resolution and revealed a classical serine hydrolase catalytic triad and the presence of a chloride or bromide ion bound in the active site close to the catalytic Ser148. Both anions were found to co-ordinate a potential catalytic water molecule located in the vicinity of the catalytic triad His257. The results of the present study suggest that the bound anion perhaps contributes to the polarization of the catalytic water molecule and increases the rate of the hydrolysis of an acyl-enzyme intermediate. Alanine replacement mutagenesis of OLEI01171 identified ten amino acid residues important for esterase activity. The replacement of Asn225 by lysine had no significant effect on the activity or thermostability of OLEI01171, but resulted in a detectable increase of activity at 35–45°C. The present study has provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of activity of a cold-active and anion-activated carboxyl esterase.
Accumulation of impact markers in desert wetlands and implications for the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis
Authors: Pigati Jeffrey S. , Latorre Claudio , Rech Jason A. , Betancourt Julio L. , Martínez Katherine E. , Budahn James R. 
Published: April 2012

The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis contends that an extraterrestrial object exploded over North America at 12.9 ka, initiating the Younger Dryas cold event, the extinction of many North American megafauna, and the demise of the Clovis archeological culture. Although the exact nature and location of the proposed impact or explosion remain unclear, alleged evidence for the fallout comes from multiple sites across North America and a site in Belgium. At 6 of the 10 original sites (excluding the Carolina Bays), elevated concentrations of various “impact markers” were found in association with black mats that date to the onset of the Younger Dryas. Black mats are common features in paleowetland deposits and typically represent shallow marsh environments. In this study, we investigated black mats ranging in age from approximately 6 to more than 40 ka in the southwestern United States and the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. At 10 of 13 sites, we found elevated concentrations of iridium in bulk and magnetic sediments, magnetic spherules, and/or titanomagnetite grains within or at the base of black mats, regardless of their age or location, suggesting that elevated concentrations of these markers arise from processes common to wetland systems, and not a catastrophic extraterrestrial impact event.
P-type sensitized organic solar cells with cascade energy alignment
Authors: Huang Junhua , Chen Lijia , He Fu , Zhang Ting , Niu Guoxi , Pan Jing , Xiong Zuhong , Song Qunliang 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
When a C60-based device with the structure indium tin oxide (ITO)/N, N′-di-[(1-naphthyl)-N, N′-diphenyl]-1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB)/fullerene (C60)/tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3)/aluminium (Al) is treated as a p-type sensitized solar cell, some methods for improving charge transportation and suppressing charge backflow in dye-sensitized solar cells can be applied to increase the performance of the C60 device. In this study, a 5 nm layer of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) is inserted between ITO and NPB to realize this idea. This thin layer with higher mobility and higher dielectric constant than NPB forms a cascade energy alignment with NPB, improving hole injection from C60 into NPB and hole transportation from NPB to ITO. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the C60-based device with MoO3 is enhanced to 0.976%, which is 3.92 times that of the device without MoO3. When MoO3 is replaced by copper phthalocyanine or rubrene, which has higher mobility than NPB and forms a cascade energy structure with NPB, the PCE of C60-based devices is improved to 0.539% and 0.529% respectively, which is 2.16 and 2.12 times that of devices without such treatments.
Variability in Blood and Blood Component Utilization as Assessed by an Anesthesia Information Management System
Authors: Frank Steven M. , Savage Will J. , Rothschild Jim A. , Rivers Richard J. , Ness Paul M. , Paul Sharon L. , Ulatowski John A. 
Published: April 2012

Background
Data can be collected for various purposes with anesthesia information management systems. The authors describe methods for using data acquired from an anesthesia information management system to assess intraoperative utilization of blood and blood components.

Methods
Over an 18-month period, data were collected on 48,086 surgical patients at a tertiary care academic medical center. All data were acquired with an automated anesthesia recordkeeping system. Detailed reports were generated for blood and blood component utilization according to surgical service and surgical procedure, and for individual surgeons and anesthesiologists. Transfusion hemoglobin trigger and target concentrations were compared among surgical services and procedures, and between individual medical providers.

Results
For all patients given erythrocytes, the mean transfusion hemoglobin trigger was 8.4 ± 1.5, and the target was 10.2 ± 1.5 g/dl. Variation was significant among surgical services (trigger range: 7.5 ± 1.2-9.5 ± 1.1, P = 0.0001; target range: 9.1 ± 1.2-11.3 ± 1.4 g/dl, P = 0.002), surgeons (trigger range: 7.2 ± 0.7-9.8 ± 1.0, P = 0.001; target range: 8.8 ± 0.9-11.8 ± 1.3 g/dl, P = 0.001), and anesthesiologists (trigger range: 7.2 ± 0.8-9.6 ± 1.2, P = 0.001; target range: 9.0 ± 0.9-11.7 ± 1.3 g/dl, P = 0.0004). The use of erythrocyte salvage, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets varied threefold to fourfold among individual surgeons compared with their peers performing the same surgical procedure.

Conclusions
The use of data acquired from an anesthesia information management system allowed a detailed analysis of blood component utilization, which revealed significant variation among surgical services and surgical procedures, and among individual anesthesiologists and surgeons compared with their peers. Incorporating these methods of data acquisition and analysis into a blood management program could reduce unnecessary transfusions, an outcome that may increase patient safety and reduce costs.
CHRNB3 is more strongly associated with Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence‐based nicotine dependence than cigarettes per day: phenotype definition changes genome‐wide association studies results
Authors: Rice John P. , Hartz Sarah M. , Agrawal Arpana , Almasy Laura , Bennett Siiri , Breslau Naomi , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Doheny Kimberly F. , Edenberg Howard J. , Goate Alison M. , Hesselbrock Victor , Howells William B. , Johnson Eric O. , Kramer John , Krueger Robert F. , Kuperman Samuel , Laurie Cathy , Manolio Teri A. , Neuman Rosalind J. , Nurnberger John I. , Porjesz Bernice , Pugh Elizabeth , Ramos Erin M. , Saccone Nancy , Saccone Scott , Schuckit Marc , Bierut Laura J. ,   the GENEVA Consortium
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimsNicotine dependence is a highly heritable disorder associated with severe medical morbidity and mortality. Recent meta‐analyses have found novel genetic loci associated with cigarettes per day (CPD), a proxy for nicotine dependence. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the importance of phenotype definition (i.e. CPD versus Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) score as a measure of nicotine dependence) on genome‐wide association studies of nicotine dependence.DesignGenome‐wide association study.SettingCommunity sample.ParticipantsA total of 3365 subjects who had smoked at least one cigarette were selected from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE). Of the participants, 2267 were European Americans, 999 were African Americans.MeasurementsNicotine dependence defined by FTCD score ≥4, CPD.FindingsThe genetic locus most strongly associated with nicotine dependence was rs1451240 on chromosome 8 in the region of CHRNB3 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, P = 2.4 × 10−8]. This association was further strengthened in a meta‐analysis with a previously published data set (combined P = 6.7 × 10−16, total n = 4200). When CPD was used as an alternate phenotype, the association no longer reached genome‐wide significance (β = −0.08, P = 0.0004).ConclusionsDaily cigarette consumption and the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence show different associations with polymorphisms in genetic loci.
Maternal perceptions of children's weight status
Authors: Lopes L. , Santos R. , Pereira B. , Lopes V. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground  Several studies have addressed mothers' perceptions of their children's weight status; however, there is no investigation on Portuguese children (a country with one of the highest levels of children's overweight and obesity in Europe). The aim of this study was to quantify maternal misclassification of child weight status in a sample of Portuguese children aged 9 to 12 years, according to gender, family income, and maternal weight status, education level and age.Methods  Data were collected in a school‐based study (school year 2009/2010) in northern Portugal with 499 urban children (236 girls; 47.3%). Body mass index was calculated from measurements of height and weight [body mass (kg)/height (m2)]. Mothers' perceptions of child's weight status, age, height and weight were accessed by a questionnaire. Children's age, gender and socio‐economic status were extracted from the schools' administrative record systems. Cohen's Kappa was used to analyse the misperceptions and the agreement between children's objectively measured weight status and mothers' perception of their child's weight status.Results  The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children was 4.6%, 25.5% and 6.4%, respectively. A proportion of 65.2% of underweight and 61.6% of overweight/obese children were misclassified by their mothers. For the majority of variables presented, the values of agreement were fair (k ranged from 0.257 to 0.486), but were statistically significant. Significant differences in the percentages of mothers who correctly classified their children's weight status were only found among the most educated in the overweight/obese group and among the normal‐weight mothers in the underweight group.Conclusions  Many mothers do not properly recognize their children's weight status and frequently underestimate their children's body size.
Adherence in severe asthma
Authors: Bourdin A. , Halimi L. , Vachier I. , Paganin F. , Lamouroux A. , Gouitaa M. , Vairon E. , Godard P. , Chanez P. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryAdherence in asthma is an important cause for concern. Although nearly 50% of asthma patients are considered poorly adherent to therapeutic advices, adherence is still difficult to assess, understand and improve despite major medical consequences. In this review, we revisited the literature of the last 10 years related to adherence in severe asthma. The concepts have changed and “compliance” is usually replaced by “adherence”. Assessment of adherence is addressing ethical issues, but provides important insight into difficult‐to‐treat asthma. Different tools have been used but none is routinely recommended. Health‐related outcomes (poor control, exacerbations, hospitalizations, lung function decline), which are clearly associated with severe asthma, are often worsened by non‐adherence with consequences also on patient related outcomes (quality of life). The potential behaviour associated with non‐adherence and all other related factors including easy‐to‐recognize psychological traits can help for patient's future management. Therapeutic educational interventions have been recognized with a scientifically proven efficiency even though evolution and improvements are needed. A multidisciplinary approach is required in severe asthma. Therapeutic adherence for a given patient is always a prerequisite to any other aspects when addressing severe asthma phenotypes. Severe asthma should be considered only in those who still experienced poor asthma outcomes despite optimal adherence. At a glance, poor adherence and severe asthma should be considered antinomic. Better understanding of the causes and customised management are potential future directions.