bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deferral from donating blood of men who have sex with men: impact on the risk of HIV transmission by transfusion in France
Authors: Pillonel J. , Heraud‐Bousquet V. , Pelletier B. , Semaille C. , Velter A. , Saura C. , Desenclos J.‐C. , Danic B. ,   the blood donor epidemiological surveillance study group
Published: June 2011

Background  In France, men who have sex with men (MSM) are permanently excluded from blood donation. This policy is felt to be discriminatory by MSM activists. Furthermore, the policy is not fully respected because some MSM do not report their sexual behaviour before donating.Methods  We estimated the fraction of the current risk of HIV attributed to MSM. We then constructed a model based on data obtained from behavioural and epidemiological surveys to assess the impact of a new strategy in which MSM would only be deferred if they report more than one sexual partner in the last 12 months.Results  Thirty‐one HIV seroconversions occurred among repeat donors between 2006 and 2008, giving a risk of one in 2 440 000 donations. Fifteen of these seroconversions (48%) were MSM. If all MSM had abstained from donating blood, the risk would have been 1 in 4 700 000 donations, half the current risk. The new strategy would result in an overall HIV risk of between 1 in 3 000 000 (close to the current risk) to 1 in 650 000 donations (3·7 times higher than the current risk).Conclusions  Changing the current MSM deferral policy may increase the risk of transfusion–transmission of HIV. However, this does not take into account a possible better compliance with MSM with a less stringent policy that would be perceived as more equitable. Conversely, relaxing the policy could encourage some MSM to seek an HIV test in blood centres. Thus, further qualitative study is needed to assess possible changes in compliance linked to a new policy.
Mechanisms and genetic diversity for host plant resistance to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Singh B. U. , Sharma H. C. , Rao K. V. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLevels of resistance to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, in the germplasm are low to moderate and therefore we evaluated 25 sorghum genotypes for resistance to stem borer to identify lines with diverse mechanisms of resistance to this insect. Leaf glossiness was significantly and negatively associated with low deadheart formation. Dwarf genotypes with fewer nodes showed more deadheart formation. Antixenosis and/or antibiosis for leaf feeding, and reduced deadheart formation, tunnelling, and number of exit holes resulted in lower losses owing to C. partellus damage. Axillary tillers compensated for loss in grain yield owing to borer infestation as a result of deadheart formation, but their synchrony for maturity with the main plant is quite important. Path coefficient analysis revealed that direct effects of stem tunnelling on loss in grain yield were greater than leaf feeding and deadhearts. However, leaf feeding via stem tunnelling showed maximum indirect effects on loss in grain yield. Estimates for broad‐sense heritability and genetic advance suggested that it is possible to improve for grain yield under stem borer infestation. Heritability estimates for grain yield were usually higher than for stem borer damage parameters. Multi‐trait cluster analysis placed the test genotypes into four and five clusters in rainy and post‐rainy seasons, respectively. The genotypes placed in different groups, and showing resistance to leaf feeding, deadheart formation, stem tunnelling, and/or compensation in grain yield can be used for sorghum improvement.
Calcium‐sensing receptors induce apoptosis during simulated ischaemia–reperfusion in Buffalo rat liver cells
Authors: Xing Wen‐Jing , Kong Fan‐Juan , Li Guang‐Wei , Qiao Kun , Zhang Wei‐Hua , Zhang Li , Bai Shu‐Zhi , Xi Yu‐Hui , Li Hong‐Xia , Tian Ye , Ren Huan , Wu Ling‐Yun , Wang Rui , Xu Chang‐Qing 
Published: June 2011

Summary1. Calcium‐sensing receptors (CaSR) exist in a variety of tissues. In 2010, we first identified its functional expression in Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells and demonstrated that the activation of CaSR was involved in an increased intracellular calcium through the Gq subunit–phospholipase C–inositol triphosphate pathway. However, its role and related mechanism in hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is still unclear.2. Therefore, in the present study, BRL cells were incubated in ischaemia–mimetic solution for 4 h, then reincubated in the normal culture medium for 10 h to establish a simulated I/R model. We assayed the apoptotic ratio of BRL cells by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining; analyzed the expression of CaSR, cytochrome c (Cyt‐c), caspase‐3, Bcl‐2, Bax, extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 by Western blotting; and measured the concentration of intracellular calcium by laser‐scanning confocal microscopy.3. The results showed that simulated I/R increased the expression of CaSR and induced apoptosis in BRL cells. GdCl3, a specific activator of CaSR, further increased CaSR expression, intracellular calcium, and apoptosis in BRL cells during I/R. The activation of CaSR downregulated Bcl‐2 expression, upregulated Cyt‐c, caspase‐3, and Bax expressions, and promoted p38 and ERK‐1/2 phosphorylation.4. In conclusion, increased CaSR expression plays a vital role in apoptosis induced by I/R injury, in which its mechanism is related with calcium overload and the activation of the mitochondrial and mitogen‐activated protein kinase apoptotic pathways. The regulation of CaSR activity might serve as a novel pharmacological target to prevent and treat liver disease.
Effects of several TIG weld repairs on the axial fatigue strength of AISI 4130 aeronautical steel‐welded joints
Authors: NASCIMENTO M. P. , VOORWALD H. J. C. , FILHO J. DA C. PAYÃO 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTWelded joints of airframes critical to the flight‐safety are commonly repair welded during its operational live. In this study, the effect of up to three weld repairs by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) on the axial fatigue strength of AISI4130 steel used in an airframe critical to the flight‐safety was investigated. The tests were performed on hot‐rolled steel plate specimens, 0.89 mm thick, with load ratio R= 0.1, constant amplitude, at 20 Hz frequency and room temperature. The results obtained indicated that the axial fatigue strength decreased with the GTAW process itself, and with the subsequent repair cycles, as a consequence of microstructural and microhardness changes and of weld profile geometry factors, which induced high stress concentration at the weld toe.
Localization of GABA‐A receptor alpha subunits on neurochemically distinct cell types in the rat locus coeruleus
Authors: Corteen Nicole L. , Cole Tomilola M. , Sarna Ayshia , Sieghart Werner , Swinny Jerome D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe locus coeruleus (LC) provides the major source of noradrenaline to the central nervous system and is modulated by neurochemically diverse afferents. LC function is central to arousal, memory, cognition and the stress response, with dysfunction of the LC–noradrenergic axis implicated in debilitating psychiatric disorders. The precise targeting of neurotransmitter receptors within the LC is essential for processing the information contained in diverse afferents and thus LC output. The inhibitory modulation of LC neurons is thought to be effected mainly through GABA‐A receptors (GABAARs). Diverse GABAARs are pentameric complexes assembled from a repertoire of subunits resulting in substantial diversity in their molecular, functional and pharmacological properties throughout the brain. The precise location of distinct GABAAR subunits in subregions of the LC, and the neurochemical identity of the cells that express them, remains to be determined. Here, we show that the GABAAR alpha1 subunit is expressed exclusively in neurochemically and morphologically diverse non‐noradrenergic cell types within the LC, which may innervate the principal noradrenergic cells. Thus, the GABAAR alpha1 subunit could provide a neurochemical signature for a pool of local circuit interneurons in the LC. In contrast, non‐overlapping GABAAR alpha2 and alpha3 subunit‐immunoreactive puncta were enriched on noradrenergic dendrites and, to a lesser extent, on somata. The study reveals a cell‐type‐ and domain‐specific expression pattern of distinct GABAAR subunits in the LC. These data will serve as a template for understanding inhibitory modulation of this region and facilitate more directed pharmacological strategies for disorders arising from the impairment of LC function.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor rapidly increases AMPA receptor surface expression in rat nucleus accumbens
Authors: Li Xuan , Wolf Marina E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the rodent nucleus accumbens (NAc), cocaine elevates levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Conversely, BDNF can augment cocaine‐related behavioral responses. The latter could reflect enhancement of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) transmission, because AMPARs in the NAc mediate some cocaine‐induced behaviors. Furthermore, in vitro studies in other cell types show that BDNF can promote AMPAR synaptic delivery. In this study, we investigated whether BDNF similarly promotes AMPAR trafficking in the adult rat NAc. After unilateral intracranial injection of BDNF into NAc core or shell, rats were killed at post‐injection times ranging from 30 min to 3 days. NAc core or shell tissue from both injected and non‐injected hemispheres was analysed by Western blotting. A protein cross‐linking assay was used to measure AMPAR surface expression. Assessment of tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling demonstrated that injected BDNF was biologically active. BDNF injection into NAc core, but not NAc shell, led to a protein synthesis‐ and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐dependent increase in cell surface GluA1 and a trend towards increased total GluA1. This was detected 30 min post‐injection but not at longer time‐points. GluA2 and GluA3 were unaffected, suggesting an effect of BDNF on homomeric GluA1 Ca2+‐permeable AMPARs. These results demonstrate that exogenous BDNF rapidly increases AMPAR surface expression in the rat NAc core, raising the possibility of a relationship between increases in endogenous BDNF levels and alterations in AMPAR transmission observed in the NAc of cocaine‐experienced rats.
Finding Syntactic Structures from Human Motion Data
Authors: Park Jong Pil , Lee Kang Hoon , Lee Jehee 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present a new approach to motion rearrangement that preserves the syntactic structures of an input motion automatically by learning a context‐free grammar from the motion data. For grammatical analysis, we reduce an input motion into a string of terminal symbols by segmenting the motion into a series of subsequences, and then associating a group of similar subsequences with the same symbol. To obtain the most repetitive and precise set of terminals, we search for an optimial segmentation such that a large number of subsequences can be clustered into groups with little error. Once the input motion has been encoded as a string, a grammar induction algorithm is employed to build up a context‐free grammar so that the grammar can reconstruct the original string accurately as well as generate novel strings sharing their syntactic structures with the original string. Given any new strings from the learned grammar, it is straightforward to synthesize motion sequences by replacing each terminal symbol with its associated motion segment, and stitching every motion segment sequentially. We demonstrate the usefulness and flexibility of our approach by learning grammars from a large diversity of human motions, and reproducing their syntactic structures in new motion sequences.
Expanding Catholicity through Ecumenicity in the Work of Yves Congar: Ressourcement, Receptive Ecumenism and Catholic Reform
Authors: MURRAY PAUL D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWith particular reference to Yves Congar (1904–95), this article first explores the relationship between ressourcement theology and the emergence of Catholic ecumenism. A critical issue is identified concerning the coherence of Congar's ecumenical work. In support of the reading pursued here – which finds a developing articulation of what has come to be called Receptive Ecumenism – Congar's three great works of ecumenical theology are closely engaged: Chrétiens désunis (1937); Chrétiens en dialogue (1964); Diversités et Communion (1982). The conclusion indicates the abiding significance of Congar's ecumenical work, which articulates a call to the fullness of catholicity into which Catholicism has still to grow.
The effects of triple vs. dual and monotherapy with rosiglitazone, glimepiride, and atorvastatin on lipid profile and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats
Authors: Ahmed Danish , Sharma Manju , Pillai K.K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of triple oral therapy and different combination of rosiglitazone, atorvastatin, and glimepiride on streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. The various biochemical parameters studied included glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c), fasting plasma sugar levels, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol in diabetic and normal rats. The present study demonstrates that atorvastatin could increase the effect of rosiglitazone and glimepiride and lipid‐lowering effect of combination of rosiglitazone and glimepiride (GLIM). According to our finding, similar results for rosiglitazone plus atorvastatin were obtained in terms of correcting lipid parameters, whereas the suppressive action of triple oral therapy of rosiglitazone and glimepiride, and atorvastatin on blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride was more beneficial than that of dual therapy of different combinations and monotherapy.
Damage Operator‐Based Lifetime Calculation Under Thermomechanical Fatigue and Creep for Application on Uginox F12T EN 1.4512 Exhaust Downpipes
Authors: Nagode M. , Šeruga D. , Hack M. , Hansenne E. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  The article focuses on the application of a recently developed damage operator‐based lifetime calculation to a thermomechanically loaded exhaust downpipe. The damage operator approach enabling online continuous damage calculations for isothermal and non‐isothermal loading with mean stress corrections is reviewed. The article also highlights an extension of the strain‐life approach to take into account viscoplastic effects and creep. The transient results from thermal and structural analyses using finite element analyses have been applied to the exhaust downpipe in LMS Virtual.Lab and the damage predicted. Tested exhaust downpipes were then subjected to the same loading conditions as in the calculation, and load cycles were repeated up to the point of failure. Simulated and test results are comparable.
The sustainability of green funds
Authors: Scholtens Bert 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper analyses the performance of the Dutch “Green Funds Scheme”. This scheme is a policy instrument to advance green projects. The scheme relies on tax compensation for private investors who save or invest in green institutions below market returns. The green institutions select and monitor certified green projects and pass through part of the lower funding costs to investors. Certification of the green projects is based on environmental value‐added and innovation. We provide a description of the characteristics of this incentive scheme and investigate the scheme's performance.
Risk factors for emergency postpartum hysterectomy: the neglected role of previous surgically induced abortions
Authors: OSSOLA MANUELA W. , SOMIGLIANA EDGARDO , MAURO MARIA , ACAIA BARBARA , BENAGLIA LAURA , FEDELE LUIGI 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe objective of this retrospective case–control study was to identify clinical factors associated with emergency peripartum hysterectomy. Deliveries from January 2003 through October 2009 in this tertiary care obstetrics hospital were reviewed. Cases were women who underwent emergency peripartum hysterectomy. Controls were those who delivered immediately after the cases but in whom hysterectomy was not needed. They were matched to cases in a 5:1 ratio. Thirty‐eight cases and 190 controls were selected. Variables found to be significantly associated with emergency postpartum hysterectomy were a stage III–IV placenta previa (p<0.001), previous surgical abortions (p=0.001) and number of fetuses (p=0.039). The corresponding adjusted odds ratios were 40.2 (95% confidence interval 5.6–287.0), 6.0 (95% confidence interval 2.1–17.2) and 7.8 (95% confidence interval 1.1–55.0), respectively. The study confirms the detrimental role of major placenta previa in influencing the risk of postpartum hysterectomy, but also suggests multiple pregnancy and surgical abortion as potential additional risk factors.
Placental abruption and premature rupture of membranes
Authors: MARKHUS VIBECKE HØGBERG , RASMUSSEN SVEIN , LIE STEIN ATLE , IRGENS LORENTZ M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective. To assess whether premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is associated with placental abruption. Design. Population‐based study. Setting. Data were extracted from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Population. All women with PROM (18 889 cases), including 3 077 cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes (p‐PROM), among a total of 355 416 singleton births in Norway during 1999–2005 with gestational age 17–44weeks. Methods. Logistic regression was used to assess whether placental abruption was associated with PROM in preterm and term births. Main Outcome Measures. Placental abruption. Results. The occurrence of placental abruption in p‐PROM was higher than in the total study population, 11.0 per 1 000 (34 of 3 077) vs. 4.2 per 1 000 (1 495 of 355 416; adjusted odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.8–3.7). Restricting the analyses to preterm births, the occurrence of placental abruption was less in p‐PROM (11.0 per 1 000) than in births without p‐PROM (36.1 per 1 000; adjusted odds ratio 0.3, 95% confidence interval 0.2–0.4). In term births, no statistically significant association was observed. Conclusions. The findings suggest that in p‐PROM the risk of placental abruption is not higher than in other preterm births; rather the opposite. However, comparing the risks in p‐PROM and the total gestational age range, the present study confirmed results reported in previous studies of a higher risk of placental abruption in p‐PROM than in the total birth population.
Genotyping HapSTR loci: phase determination from direct sequencing of PCR products
Authors: SORENSON MICHAEL D. , DaCOSTA JEFFREY M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHapSTRs combine information from a microsatellite (or simple tandem repeat, STR) with one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DNA sequence immediately flanking the STR. These loci may offer increased power for the estimation of demographic parameters, but also present some challenges for data collection and analysis. We describe a process for inferring HapSTR alleles, including the flanking haplotypes, STR alleles and their phase relative to each other, directly from DNA sequence electropherograms of PCR products from heterozygous individuals. Our approach eliminates the need for more costly and time‐consuming processes, such as cloning or acrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate alleles prior to sequencing.
Recent discoveries of armyworms in Japan and their species identification using DNA barcoding
Authors: SUTOU M. , KATO T. , ITO M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLong columns of migrating larval sciarid armyworms were discovered in central and northern Japan, specifically Kanagawa, Gunma, Miyagi and Akita prefectures, as well as Hokkaido. This is the first examination of armyworms in East Asia. In Europe, armyworms have been identified as Sciara militaris, belonging to the family Sciaridae (sciarid flies or black fungus gnats), by rearing them to adulthood. In Japan, we were unable to obtain live samples for rearing; therefore, DNA barcodes were obtained from the samples of armyworms collected in the Gunma and Miyagi prefectures. The DNA barcodes were compared with those obtained from the following samples: pupae of S. militaris from UK, adults of Sciara kitakamiensis, Sciara humeralis, Sciara hemerobioides, Sciara thoracica, Sciara helvola and Sciara melanostyla from Japan, and adults of one undescribed Sciara species from Malaysia. Neighbour‐joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood analyses revealed that the armyworms discovered in Japan are S. kitakamiensis. Although adults of this species have been recorded in several locations in Japan, this is the first report of migrating larval armyworms. DNA barcodes were effectively used to link different life stages of this species. The average intraspecific and interspecific pairwise genetic distances of the genus Sciara were 0.3% and 12.6%, respectively. The present study illustrates that DNA barcodes are an effective means of identifying sciarid flies in Japan.
A comparison of the content, themes, and features of intrusive memories and rumination in major depressive disorder
Authors: Newby Jill M. , Moulds Michelle L. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. We compared the content/themes and features of intrusive memories versus rumination about such intrusions in a depressed sample.Method. Participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) (N= 38) completed self‐report measures about a negative intrusive memory, and rumination in response to their memory.Results. Both rumination and intrusive memories were highly sensory, and associated with similar negative emotions (commonly helplessness and sadness). Preliminary findings suggested that intrusive memories were experienced more frequently during the day, and rumination lasted longer. Participants ruminated about a wide range of themes including the causes of the event in the memory, and the negative impact of the memory (and the recalled event) on their relationships, identity, and the future.Conclusions. The shared features and bidirectional relationship between rumination and intrusive memories suggest that both potentially contribute to prolonged repetitive thinking in depression, and need to be addressed in treatment.