bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Film dosimetry for occupant exposure monitoring within Far‐UVC installations
Authors: Welch David , Hashmi Raabia , Petersen Camryn , Erde Steven , Brenner David J. , Nardell Edward 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFar‐UVC radiation between 200 and 230 nm is a promising technology for reducing airborne disease transmission. Previous work with far‐UVC lamps has demonstrated the efficacy of far‐UVC radiation to inactivate bacteria and viruses while presenting minimal human health hazards. While far‐UVC intentionally exposes the occupied space, effectively disinfecting air between occupants, installations must still ensure that occupant eye and skin exposure is within the recommended daily limits. This study examines far‐UVC‐sensitive films for measuring the dose received by occupants within two real‐world far‐UVC installations. The film is characterized for accuracy, angular response, wavelength response, and sources of uncertainty in film response, and used to obtain individual exposure doses that account for both the non‐uniform irradiance and the unique motion of individuals within the space. Dosimetry results using the films, which account for the time‐weighted average exposure of an occupant, ranged from 10% to 49% of the maximum calculated stationary dose based on peak irradiance measurements. Results from this study spotlight the need to incorporate time‐weighted average considerations into the design and safety assessment of far‐UVC installations to ultimately operate far‐UVC technology with its full potential to prevent the spread of potentially fatal infectious diseases.
Do higher government spending, financial development, and trade reduce income inequality in low‐income countries? A Bayesian perspective
Authors: Byaro Mwoya , Ngowi Nicholaus , Rwezaula Anicet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe employed the Bayesian method to investigate the impact of government spending, financial development (measured by bank credit), and trade on income inequality reduction in 66 low‐income countries (LICs) across Africa, Asia, America, and Europe from 2000 to 2018. Controlling inflation and unemployment, our results indicate that trade and inflation exacerbate income inequality in LICs, while financial development and government spending have no impact on reducing income inequality in these countries. Furthermore, the findings show that real GDP per capita reduces income inequality in LICs. To ensure the robustness of our results, we also conducted frequentist quantile regression, which yielded consistent findings that financial development, government spending, and trade do not reduce income inequality in LICs. We further discuss the potential channels through which trade, financial development, inflation, and government spending contribute to income inequality in LICs, and provide policy implications based on the empirical evidence.Related ArticlesAdegboye, Alex, Kofo Adegboye, Uwalomwa Uwuigbe, Stephen Ojeka, and Eyitemi Fasanu. 2023. “Taxation, Democracy, and Inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Relevant Linkages for Sustainable Development Goals.” Politics & Policy 51(4): 696–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12547.Asongu, Simplice, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. 2023. “The Effect of Inequality on Poverty and Severity of Poverty in Sub‐Saharan Africa: The Role of Financial Development Institutions.” Politics & Policy 51(5): 898–918. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12558.Polacko, Matthew. 2023. “Turning Off the Base: Social Democracy's Neoliberal Turn, Income Inequality, and Turnout.” Politics & Policy 51(4): 538–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12550.
Experiences of managers and staff working in community‐based mental health with people ageing with severe mental health problems
Authors: Tordai Carina , Schmidt Steven M. , Eklund Mona , Argentzell Elisabeth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundExisting research shows that older people with severe mental health problems need different forms of support in daily life and in the community to lead an active and meaningful life. A common form of support for people with severe mental health problems in Sweden is attendance at community‐based day centres (DCs). However, knowledge of staff and managers’ experiences of how people ageing with severe mental health problems are supported in DCs is scarce.AimThe aim was to explore DC staff and managers' experiences of how people ageing with severe mental health problems are supported in DCs during the retirement process.Method/ProcedureTelephone interviews were conducted with managers in 27 municipalities in southern Sweden. In addition, focus groups were held with personnel from a total of nine different DCs. The material was analysed using content analysis.ResultsThe results showed that older people who receive support in community‐based mental health care were viewed as a neglected group with complex needs, and the informants (managers and staff) had few policies to guide them when providing support. This made the informants desire more knowledge about best practices to support the target group. One theme emerged, Minding the gap between ideal and reality while working with a neglected group with complex needs, with three categories: Reasoning around unmet needs, Navigating in a muddled organisation, and Wishing for an enriched service.Conclusion/Practical ApplicationTogether with previous research, the results can contribute to increase awareness about an overlooked group at risk of being neglected and the pitfalls that impact the possibility to guide this target group in their recovery journey. Further research focusing on the target group's own experience of their everyday life situations is also needed.
Antimicrobial resistance, virulence potential and genomic epidemiology of global genomes of the rare Salmonella enterica serovar Orion
Authors: Hasegawa Leticia Ayumi , Vilela Felipe Pinheiro , Falcão Juliana Pfrimer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsOur aim is to characterize through whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and heavy metal tolerance (HMT) genes content, plasmid presence, virulence potential and genomic diversity of the rare non‐typhoid Salmonella enterica serovar Orion (S. Orion) from 19 countries of the African, American, Eastern Mediterranean, European, Southeastern Asia and Western Pacific regions.Methods and ResultsTotally 324 S. Orion genomes were screened for AMR, HMT and virulence genes, plasmids and Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPIs). Genomic diversity was investigated using Multi‐Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and core‐genome MLST (cgMLST). Efflux pump encoding genes mdsA and mdsB were present in all genomes analysed, while quinolone chromosomal point mutations and aminoglycoside, beta‐lactam, colistin, lincosamide, macrolide, phenicol, sulphonamide, trimethoprim, tetracycline and disinfectant resistance genes were found in 0.3%–5.9%. A total of 17 genomes (5.2%) from Canada, the United Kingdom, the USA and Tanzania showed a potential multi‐drug resistance profile. Gold tolerance genes golS and golT were detected in all genomes analysed, while arsenic, copper, mercury, silver and tellurium tolerance genes were found in 0.3%–35.5%. Col(MGD2) was the most frequently detected plasmid, in 15.4% of the genomes. Virulence genes related to adherence, macrophage induction, magnesium uptake, regulation, serum resistance, stress adaptation, type III secretion systems and six SPIs (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14 and C63PI) were detected. ST639 was assigned to 89.2% of the S. Orion genomes, while cgMLST showed core‐genome STs and clusters of strains specific by countries.ConclusionThe high virulence factor frequencies, the genomic similarity among some non‐clinical and clinical strains circulating worldwide and the presence of a strain carrying a resistance gene against a last resource antimicrobial like colistin, highlight the potential risk of S. Orion strains for public health and food safety and reinforce the importance to not underestimate the potential hazard of rare non‐typhoid Salmonella serovars.
Scientific Instrumentation Complex for the ExoMars-2022 Landing Platform
Authors: Korablev O. I. , Rodionov D. S. , Zelenyi L. M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Scientific objectives, instruments, and measurement program of the scientific instrumentation of the Kazachok stationary landing platform of the State Corporation Roscosmos and the European Space Agency (ESA) ExoMars-2022 project are presented. The scientific objectives of research on the landing platform included the long-term climate monitoring, the studies of the atmospheric composition, the mechanisms for dust lifting and related electrical phenomena, atmosphere–surface interactions, the subsurface water abundance, monitoring the radiation situation, and the study of Mars internal structure. To address these problems, 11 Russian and two European instruments with a total mass of 45 kg were built, tested and integrated into the spacecraft. These include a television camera system, meteorological complexes, a suite for studying dust and related electrical phenomena, optical spectrometers and an analytical complex for studying the atmospheric composition, a microwave radiometer, the neutron and gamma spectrometers for surface research, a seismometer, magnetometers and a Mars proper motion experiment to study its internal structure. Although the ExoMars-2022 project has been discontinued, the scientific objectives of the landing platform have not lost their relevance, and the technical solutions and developments implemented in scientific equipment are of interest and promising for further Mars exploration.
Resonant laser ionization of neptunium: investigation on excitation schemes and the first ionization potential
Authors: Kaja Magdalena , Studer Dominik , Berg Felix , Berndt Sebastian , Düllmann Christoph E. , Kneip Nina , Reich Tobias , Urquiza-González Mitzi , Wendt Klaus 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The atomic structure of neptunium (Np) was investigated by two-step resonance ionization spectroscopy. The study involved exploring ground-state transitions as well as following transitions to high-lying states just below the ionization potential (IP) or auto-ionizing states above the IP. That resulted in the identification of two-step ionization schemes, suitable for trace analysis and nuclear structure investigations. The lifetimes of two excited states located at 25,342.48 $$\, \text {cm}^{-1} $$

cm

-
1

and 25,277.64 $$\, \text {cm}^{-1} $$

cm

-
1

were determined as 230(12) ns and 173(9) ns, respectively. Because of the absence of Rydberg series in wide-ranging spectra recorded, the first IP was determined through the field ionization of high-lying, weakly-bound states using a well-controlled static electric field. By applying the saddle-point model, an IP value of 50,535.54(15) cm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

[6.265608(19) eV] was derived. This value agrees with the current literature value of 50,535(2) cm$$^{-1}$$

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1

, while providing a more than ten times higher precision.

Graphic abstract
OUTCOMES OF SHOULDER ARTHROSCOPY FOR ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT DISLOCATION WITH EXTRA-GLENOHUMERAL JOINT CORACOID BASE EXPOSURE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Khanh Nguyen Manh , Hai Do Van 
Published: May 2024

Background: Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation accounted for 9% of all shoulder injuries. Classical nonanatomic fixations might cause joint instability or redislocation. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of shoulder arthroscopy using the extra-glenohumeral joint coracoid base exposure technique for AC joint dislocation. Methods: Our prospective study recruited 20 patients with AC joint dislocation who underwent shoulder arthroscopy using extra-articular coracoid base exposure technique from October 2020 to June 2021. Demographic information, clinical features, and Rockwood type were collected. Our primary endpoint was the Constant score and the improvement in coracoclavicular (CC) distance. Results: The mean follow-up period was 30.75 (min-max 23–40) months. AC joint dislocation of Rockwood type III ([Formula: see text] = 6), type IV ([Formula: see text] = 8), and type V ([Formula: see text] = 6) was assessed; six cases (30%) had combined injuries: four cases had impingement subacromial, one case had Bankart injury, one case had the coracoclavicular joint screw fixation which was failed at the first time. The mean Constant score before surgery was 50.00 ± 6.74, after surgery was 96.50 ± 3.41 ([Formula: see text] < 0.001). The mean CC gap before surgery was 20.82 ± 2.20, after surgery was 9.91 ± 1.38 ([Formula: see text] < 0.001). One case had a loss of reduction with a Constant score of 96. Conclusions: Arthroscopic treatment for acromioclavicular joint dislocation achieved satisfactory outcomes.
Uso das Capacidades Dinâmicas – Análise da Presença Online das Agências de Turismo Receptivo
Authors: Albuquerque Mariene Cavalcante Borba de , Barros Alice Emanuele de Almeida , Ferreira Lissa Valéria Fernandes 
Published: May 2024

O presente estudo visa analisar como as agências de turismo receptivo têm utilizado a presença online para obter vantagem competitiva, por meio das capacidades dinâmicas, na comercialização de serviços turísticos, para isso, foram utilizadas as plataformas digitais das agências, em que se verificou os aspectos adotados por estes empreendimentos. As Capacidades dinâmicas são consideradas ferramentas que permitem a configuração de recursos em busca de melhor eficácia de acordo com o dinamismo do mercado. A presença online tem sido um recurso utilizado pelos empreendimentos turísticos a fim de se destacar em competitividade, por meio da implementação das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) melhorando as atividades operacionais das agências de viagem, possibilitando uma maior qualidade nos serviços prestados, reduzindo custos. Este estudo, portanto, se fundamentou a partir de teorias que abordam o uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, Agências de turismo Receptivo, Presença online no setor de viagens e a abordagem da capacidade dinâmica como estratégia organizacional. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa em que se verificou três categorias que abordaram dimensões a respeito do site, das informações e dos aspectos de compra. Foram analisadas quatro agências de turismo receptivo do município de Natal-RN a fim de alcançar os objetivos propostos. O estudo mostra que as empresas analisadas têm utilizado as redes sociais e possuem sites próprios que atendem satisfatoriamente as categorias elegidas demonstrando o entendimento sobre a importância do uso de recursos das Tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) para potencializar sua presença online e obter vantagem competitiva.
Educational Performance over Time: Changes in Mathematical Attainment between 1976 and 2009 in England
Authors: Hodgen Jeremy , Coe Robert , Brown Margaret , Küchemann Dietmar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Over the past fifty years, there have been substantial attempts to improve students’ mathematical performance around the world. Many commentators have criticised the efficacy of these initiatives, arguing that performance in western developed countries has either stagnated or fallen. Yet, there is limited robust comparative evidence available. This paper reports a replication of a study of student performance from the 1970s. In 2008 and 2009, in England, Grades 6–8 students (N ≈ 7000), in a nationally representative sample based on a stratified random sample of schools, were tested on their understandings of algebra, decimals, ratio and fractions. The survey used tests administered in 1976 and 1977 to an equivalent nationally representative sample of students. The findings indicate that, at Grade 8, overall understandings have generally fallen, although there are different patterns of change across the topics. The challenges of replicating studies where the full statistical findings are not available are considered.
The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.25507276.
Supporting the mental health of young people from ethnically diverse groups during the transition from primary to secondary school
Authors: Cunningham Emily , Raman Sneha , Taylor Andrea , Svirydzenka Nadia , Siddiqi Abdul-Moiz , Abdinasir Kadra , Raghavan Raghu 
Published: May 2024

Background: The transition from primary to secondary school is a pivotal period in young people’s lives and can significantly impact their mental health. However, the experiences of young people from ethnically diverse groups during this crucial period of physical, social and emotional development are under-researched, limiting the evidence base for meaningful support. Objectives: This study explored the experiences of young people from ethnically diverse groups during primary-secondary school transition and co-designed ideas for culturally sensitive support. It explicitly focused on the intersection between ethnic and cultural identity, primary-secondary transition and mental health. Methods: The study employed participatory design to collaborate with seven young people from ethnically diverse groups and a peer researcher. Four online workshops mapped participant experiences and ideas concerning the primary-secondary transition, identity and mental health. These were developed into implications for practice, policy and research. Results: Participants highlighted feeling unprepared for the transition, with some experiencing poor mental health and difficulty navigating their ethnic and cultural identity during this time. Participants’ ideas for future transition experiences included: supporting a longer transition period, schools promoting diversity among students and staff, enabling education on ethnicity and culture, breaking stereotypes, enabling mutual learning among staff and students and enabling an open and caring environment to support mental health. Conclusions: The study provides an in-depth understanding of experiences of young people from ethnically diverse groups during primary-secondary transition and suggests ways of supporting multi-faceted transitions and mental health, with a key focus on ethnic and cultural identity formation.
Minimally invasive redo tricuspid valve replacement in patient with persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Evangelista Giuseppe , Ajrhourh Lucrezia , Beneux Xavier , Verhoye Jean-Philippe , Anselmi Amedeo 
Published: May 2024

Introduction The management of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is still challenging in certain circumstances, especially for patients with anatomical variations. This challenge is even harder for reoperations, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk. Case report We describe a minimally invasive, beating-heart redo tricuspid valve replacement in a 71-years old woman with persistent left superior vena cava. Discussion Preoperative planning via CT-scan, teamwork and custom-made management of CPB are crucial for reoperations with anatomical variations. The perfusionist has a pivotal role in constructing and managing the CPB. Conclusion We describe a strategy achieving the benefits of minimally invasive endoscopic and beating-heart surgery (avoidance of resternotomy risk and associated morbidity, right ventricular protection) in reoperative tricuspid surgery with persistent upper left vena cava.
Danish Women Make Decisions about Participation in Breast Cancer Screening prior to Invitation Information: An Online Survey Using Experimental Methods
Authors: Røssell Eeva-Liisa , Bekker Hilary Louise , Schonberg Mara A. , Sønbø Kristiansen Ivar , Borgquist Signe , Støvring Henrik 
Published: May 2024

Introduction At mammography screening invitation, the Danish Health Authority recommends women aged 50 to 69 y make an informed decision about whether to be screened. Previous studies have shown that women have very positive attitudes about screening participation. Therefore, we hypothesized that Danish women may already have decided to participate in breast cancer screening prior to receiving their screening invitation at age 50 y. Methods We invited a random sample of 2,952 Danish women aged 44 to 49 y (prescreening age) to complete an online questionnaire about barriers to informed screening decision making using the official digital mailbox system in Denmark. We asked participants about their screening intentions using 3 different questions to which women were randomized: screening presented 1) as an opportunity, 2) as a choice, and 3) as an opportunity plus a question about women’s stage of decision making. All women completed questions about background characteristics, intended participation in the screening program, use and impact of screening information, and preferences for the decision-making process. Data were linked to sociodemographic register data. Results A total of 790 (26.8%) women participated in the study. Herein, 97% (95% confidence interval: 96%–98%) reported that they wanted to participate in breast cancer screening when invited at age 50 y. When presented with the choice compared with the opportunity framing, more women rejected screening. When asked about their stage of decision making, most (87%) had already made a decision about screening participation and were unlikely to change their mind. Conclusion In our study, almost all women of prescreening age wanted to participate in breast cancer screening, suggesting that providing information at the time of screening invitation may be too late to support informed decision making. Highlights Almost all women of prescreening age (44–49 y) in our study wanted to participate in the Danish national mammography screening program starting at age 50 y. Early decision making represents a barrier for informed decision making as women in this study had intentions to participate in breast cancer screening prior to receiving an official screening invitation, and therefore, providing information at the time of screening invitation may be too late to support informed decision making. Very few women rejected screening participation; however, more women rejected screening when the information was framed as an active choice between having or declining breast cancer screening (continue with usual care) compared with presenting only the option of screening with no description of the alternative. Two-thirds of women reading the screening information in this study had unchanged attitudes toward screening after reading the presented information.