bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of Structurally Complex Marine Oxacyclic Natural Products
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Total synthesis of structurally complex marine oxacyclic natural products, (−)-gambierol, (−)-brevenal, and (+)-neopeltolide, has been accomplished by exploiting Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of enol phosphates, paving the way for biological investigations on these scarcely available substances.
Adolescent Overweight, Social Relationships and the Transition to First Sex: Gender and Racial Variations
Authors: Alice Cheng Yen‐hsin , Landale Nancy S. 
Published: November 2010

CONTEXT: Being overweight influences adolescents’ relationships by increasing their likelihood of experiencing social alienation and discrimination. Its role in sexual development is relatively understudied, as are potential mechanisms through which weight may influence early sexual activity.
METHODS: Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used in discrete‐time event history analyses investigating the association between body weight, social relationships and timing of sexual debut among 8,197 respondents who were in grades 7–12 in 1994–1995 (Wave 1) and were young adults in 2001–2002 (Wave 3). Subgroup analyses explored gender and racial and ethnic variations in the association.
RESULTS: Overweight adolescents were less likely than their normal‐weight peers to report first intercourse between Waves 1 and 3 (odds ratio, 0.9). Characteristics reflecting social alienation, including having relatively few close friends and no experience with romantic relationships, were negatively associated with first intercourse among overweight youths. Results differed by gender and race and ethnicity. Overweight females had a lower likelihood than normal‐weight females of experiencing first intercourse (0.8), but no such association was evident among males. Similarly, overweight white youths—but not those from other racial and ethnic groups—had reduced odds of sexual debut (0.7).
CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should seek to understand the broader implications of adolescent weight status for social relationships and subsequent development, and practitioners should apply this knowledge to prevention programs. Postponement of sexual activity may benefit youths, but potential benefits and risks may depend upon the social processes involved.
Mesothelioma in Drywall Finishing Workers
Authors: McCoy Michael J. , Wolter Matthew E. , Anderson Kim E. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In this manuscript, we evaluate the context in which workers were exposed to drywall joint compound based on the state-of-the-art of the construction industry during the post-World War II era through the 1970s and conduct a review of the scientific literature associated with the drywall trade and occupational exposure to airborne asbestos from drywall finishing work practices. Specifically, this manuscript evaluates the epidemiologic literature describing the apparent lack of association of mesothelioma to asbestos fibers utilized in drywall finishing materials in workers who were potentially occupationally exposed to short-fiber chrysotile asbestos contained in some drywall joint compound products during the post-World War II era through the early to mid-1970s. This manuscript also provides an understanding of the state-of-the-art in drywall joint compound manufacturing during this period.
Triboelectrification of Metallic Dust Particles: Experiment and Modeling
Authors: Oza Aditi , Ghosh Sudipto , Chowdhury Kanchan 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Particles acquire electrostatic charges due to repeated collisions with a wall or surface due to a phenomenon termed as tribocharging. Triboelectric separation involves the charging of particles by impact or friction with the walls of a container or a pipe or between each other. It is suspected to be the cause of many industrial incidents and accidents and is recognized to be an industrial hazard. The contamination of particles in an unclean oxygen system, particularly with bends, valves, and regulators, makes it vulnerable to a fire hazard. Particles (both metallic and non-metallic) may be generated over years of operation inside an initially clean system. The particles are added through fresh gases, turning of screws and valves, abrasion, and wear of surfaces either by personnel or by production equipment. The phenomenon of electrostatic charge generation due to the impact between metallic particles and the pipe wall is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experimentation and simulations have been performed with mild steel particles. The effects of air velocity, pipe diameter, and pipe length on the extent of tribocharging of particles have been determined. The velocity profiles of particles have been found out utilizing the FLUENT 6.3.26 code, and the charges generated are calculated from this velocity. Numerical results for the tribocharging of particles have been validated with the experimental ones.
Intuitives Bedieninterface für effiziente Mensch-Roboter-Kooperation
Authors: Som Franz 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Wenn Mensch und Maschine gemeinsam in einer Produktionsanlage zusammenarbeiten, ist ein intuitiv bedienbares Mensch-Maschine-Interface unumgänglich, um eine einfache Programmerstellung und damit eine wirtschaftliche Produktion zu gewährleisten. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuartiges Bedieninterface vorgestellt, welches diese Anforderung erfüllt.
Konzepte für den Roboterassistenten der Zukunft
Authors: Haddadin Sami , Suppa Michael , Fuchs Stefan , Bodenmüller Tim , Albu-Schäffer Alin , Hirzinger Gerd 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Realisierung eines sensorbasierten Roboterassistenten, der es ermöglicht Mensch und Roboter im industriellen Umfeld intenisiv kooperieren zu lassen ist ein wichtiges Ziel der Robotik. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept für einen Roboterassistenten vorgestellt und anhand einer Beispielanwendung, dem Griff-in-die-Kiste, demonstriert. Dabei werden verfügbare Standardkomponenten benutzt, um aufzuzeigen, dass der Stand-der-Technik bereits weit genug ist derart komplexe Szenarien zu realisieren. Es werden sensorbasierte Reaktionsstrategien zur sicheren Mensch-Roboter Interaktion in ein zustandsbasiertes Roboterverhalten integriert und des Weiteren benutzt, um die nötige Robustheit für partiell unstrukturierte Umgebungen zu erlangen. Der Griff-in-die-Kiste wird an einem DLR Leichtbauroboter III (LBR-III) validiert, der mit dem DLR 3D-Modeller zur Generierung von Umgebungsmodelle und einer Time-of-Flight Kamera zur Objekterkennung ausgestattet ist.
Comparative Efficacy of Echinocandins and Nonechinocandins for the Treatment of Candida parapsilosisInfections: AMeta‐analysis
Authors: Kale‐Pradhan Pramodini B. , Morgan Geoffrey , Wilhelm Sheila M. , Johnson Leonard B. 
Published: November 2010

Study Objective. To compare the efficacy of echinocandins and nonechinocandins in the treatment of candidemia or invasive candidiasis due to Candida parapsilosis.Design. Meta‐analysis of five randomized, blinded, comparative trials.Patients. A total of 1169 patients (mean age 55.5 yrs, 57.8% male) with invasive candidiasis or candidemia treated with an echinocandin or other antifungal agents.Measurements and Main Results. The PubMed, MEDLINE, Toxnet, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for relevant English‐language articles to identify appropriate randomized trials. The quality of studies was assessed with the Jadad scoring system. Data on number of patients, age, and treatment success rate were extracted by two investigators independently into a standardized data collection form. Overall C. parapsilosis treatment success rates with echinocandins were compared with nonechinocandins. Jadad scores of the five studies that met all of the selection criteria ranged from 2–5 (out of 5), with a median of 4. Among the 1169 patients with invasive candidiasis or candidemia, 202 (17.3%) had C. parapsilosis. Among these C. parapsilosis cases, 102 received an echinocandin and 100 received a comparator drug. The success rates of treating C. parapsilosis were similar for the echinocandin group versus other antifungal treatment groups (76.5% [78/102] vs 73% [73/100]). A fixed‐effects model was applied secondary to a low level of heterogeneity among the studies (I2=0%). The combined risk ratio demonstrated that echinocandins are not significantly different from other antifungal agents for the treatment of candidemia or invasive candidiasis due to C. parapsilosis (risk ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.88–1.21).Conclusion. Echinocandins are as effective as comparator drugs for the treatment of candidemia or invasive candidiasis due to C. parapsilosis.
The Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Consequences for Treatment
Authors: Sanyal Arun J. , Yoon Seung Kew , Lencioni Riccardo 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have liver cirrhosis, which develops following long periods of chronic liver disease. Cirrhosis is characterized by a decrease in hepatocyte proliferation, indicating an exhaustion of the regenerative capacity of the liver, and results in an increase in fibrous tissue and a destruction of liver cells, which may ultimately lead to the development of cancerous nodules. Half of all cases of HCC are associated with hepatitis B virus infection, with a further 25% associated with hepatitis C virus. Other risk factors for developing HCC include alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, intake of aflatoxin-contaminated food, diabetes, and obesity. There are multiple factors involved in the etiology of HCC, all of which have a direct impact on patient characteristics and disease course, and although a causative agent can often be identified, HCC remains an extremely complex condition associated with a poor prognosis. Additionally, the geographic variation in etiology means that information from different countries is needed in order to optimize surveillance methods and develop effective chemoprevention strategies. Unfortunately, there are still many gaps in our current understanding, and further research efforts are needed to fully elucidate the diverse mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HCC and offer optimal prevention strategies for those at risk.
Treatment of Intermediate/Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Clinic: How Can Outcomes Be Improved?
Authors: Lencioni Riccardo , Chen Xiao-Ping , Dagher Lucy , Venook Alan P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex condition associated with a poor prognosis. Treatment outcomes are affected by multiple variables, including liver function, performance status of the patient, and tumor stage, making a multidisciplinary approach to treatment essential for optimal patient management. Only ∼30% of patients are eligible for curative therapies (surgery or ablation); palliative treatments include transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and sorafenib. Treatment choice is guided by staging systems and treatment guidelines, although numerous systems exist and treatment guidelines vary by region. The current standard of care for patients unsuitable for potentially curative therapy is locoregional therapy with TACE. This treatment is associated with survival benefits, but there is no consensus regarding the optimum treatment/retreatment strategy. For patients with more advanced disease or who have failed locoregional therapy, sorafenib is the standard of care. Sorafenib is a targeted agent with proven survival benefits as monotherapy in these patients, and ongoing studies will clarify its role in combination with other agents and in patients with impaired liver function. Although other novel agents and therapeutic approaches are emerging, such as radioembolization and various targeted agents, further suitably designed randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing these agents with the standard of care are needed. In addition to RCTs, the collection of real-life data will also be important to allow physicians to make fully informed treatment decisions. The Global Investigation of therapeutic DEcisions in hepatocellular carcinoma and Of its treatment with sorafeNib (GIDEON) study is a global, noninterventional study of patients with unresectable HCC receiving sorafenib. The aim of that study is to compile a large robust database to evaluate local, regional, and global factors influencing the management of patients with HCC. It is hoped that findings from the GIDEON study along with phase III RCT data will lead to better outcomes for patients with intermediate–advanced HCC.
Impaired Fasting Glucose in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Frohnert Brigitte I. , Ode Katie Larson , Moran Antoinette , Nathan Brandon M. , Laguna Theresa , Holme Bonnie , Thomas William 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE
While glucose tolerance abnormalities are common in cystic fibrosis (CF), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) has scarcely been explored. No studies have examined the relation between IFG and clinical status.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data were retrieved from the University of Minnesota CF database on oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) performed in 1996–2005. Subjects were identified as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or CF–related diabetes without fasting hyperglycemia (CFRD FH−). Patients with fasting hyperglycemia were excluded. The presence of IFG was assessed within each category. In a separate case-control cohort study, subjects with IFG were matched to CF control subjects by age, sex, and OGTT class to explore outcomes.

RESULTS
For the total population (n = 310), the prevalence of IFG was 22%, and by OGTT class was NGT 14%, IGT 31%, CFRD FH− 53%. Within the cohort study, mortality was significantly reduced in IFG (two vs. nine deaths, odds ratio [OR] = 0.2 [95% CI 0.04–0.9]). IFG did not confer increased risk of progression to diabetes (OR 0.66 [0.29–1.48]). Lung function was better in pediatric IFG subjects with IGT and not significantly worse in adults with IGT or adults and children with NGT and CFRD FH−. BMI was not significantly different in IFG subjects versus control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
Contrary to expectations in patients with CF, IFG appeared to be associated with improved survival and was not associated with worse nutritional or pulmonary status or increased progression to fasting hyperglycemia.
The Mis-shapen Pearl: Morris, Handel, Milton, andL'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato
Authors: Duerden Rachel 
Published: November 2010

Mark Morris's L'Allegro, Il Penseroso ed Il Moderato (1988), embodies ideas about how to live a good life. L'Allegro is unusual in that it is a full evening-length work, yet has no through-narrative; it has characters and action, but these change in each of the many individual sections. However, together these embody a dialogue – really a three (or four or even five)-way discussion between poet, composer and choreographer about the best way to live. The relationship between dance, music and text, and the implied conversation across the centuries between Milton, Handel, Jennens and Morris, offer insights into the way such layering of creativity can illuminate our engagement with art.As in so much of Mark Morris's work, the relationship of choreography and music is of paramount importance, and this will form the main focus of the discussion here. Handel's secular oratorio of 1740 is itself a setting of John Milton's companion poems, L'Allegro and Il Penseroso (1631), which explicitly explore through debate the relative merits of different approaches to life. Handel's musical setting includes an additional ‘voice’ in the debate: Il Moderato, words by Handel's librettist Charles Jennens, offering a ‘middle way’, or ‘18thcentury balance’, as John Eliot Gardiner has it (1980:16).1For the purposes of this essay I focus chiefly on the dialogue between dance and music as manifest in a few ‘moments’, with reference also at times to the poetry and its rhythms. In this, I am guided by theories of art as embodiment as expounded by Paul Crowther. When we engage with art, we do so in the fullest sense of perceptual, that is, with our whole, embodied selves. Art, as the embodiment of ideas, does not teach us anything specific about the artist or his/her world, but it does reveal something of the world-view of the artist as an embodied being. There is thus the potential for empathy, and imaginative engagement; we are not passive consumers but active reciprocal participants.Through close reading of a few short examples drawn from the work, I employ structural analysis to examine music-dance relationships, referring also from time to time to the poetry, which itself reflects key characteristics of both choreography and music. These examples show how dance, music and poetry manifest characteristics that are suggestive of similar perspectives on life, both individually and in relationship with one another. John Creaser, writing of Milton's poems, observes that they embody a sophisticated and resilient playfulness conveyed through verbal nuance and rhythmic buoyancy, a revelation of temperament and sensibility rather than an exploration of ideals. (Creaser 2001:377)
Hôpital public : le grand virage
Authors: Couty Édouard 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Les réformes qui font entrer l’hôpital dans le XXI e siècle (plan « Hôpital 2007 » et loi HPST) mettent en place une série de mesures d’inspiration libérale qui peuvent remettre en cause le secteur public hospitalier en France. La convergence des tarifs publics et privés dans le système de financement à l’activité et les effets de marchandisation qu’elle entraîne, les contrats de partenariat public-privé (PPP) pour la réalisation d’investissements et l’exploitation de services hospitaliers, enfin la suppression du service public hospitalier et l’avènement d’une gouvernance pour un hôpital-entreprise sont autant de signaux d’une rupture avec les valeurs qui fondent les missions de l’hôpital public et donnent sens à l’action de ses personnels. Cette rupture s’accompagne d’un retour en force de l’État central, la politique contractuelle étant biaisée par l’institution d’une ligne hiérarchique pyramidale qui va jusqu’aux services de proximité. L’article s’efforce d’analyser ce processus simultané de « privatisation » et de « nationalisation » qui se met en place dans un contexte économique et financier dont la gravité exige effort de solidarité et rigueur de la part de tous les acteurs.
Stability of 15 Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Urine Samples under Processing and Storage Conditions Typically Used in Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Fuhrman Barbara J. , Xu Xia , Falk Roni T. , Hankinson Susan E. , Veenstra Timothy D. , Keefer Larry K. , Ziegler Regina G. 
Published: November 2010

Background In preparation for large-scale epidemiologic studies of the role of estrogen metabolism in the etiology of breast and other cancers, we examined the stability of estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EM) in urine during processing and storage protocols. Methods Fifteen EM were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in first morning urines from 3 premenopausal women. Linear regression was used to model log EM concentrations for each woman, with and without adding ascorbic acid (0.1% w/v), during storage at 4°C (7–8 time points, up to 48 hours), during long-term storage at –80°C (10 time points, up to 1 year), and by freeze-thaw cycles (up to 3). Results Without ascorbic acid, concentrations (pmol/mL) of nearly all EM changed <1% per 24 hours of storage at 4°C, and <1% during storage at –80°C for 1 year; similarly, thawing and refreezing samples 3 times was not consistently associated with losses for any EM. Ascorbic acid had no clear beneficial effect on EM stability in these experiments. Conclusions Given the large inter-individual variability in urinary EM concentrations, changes of the magnitude observed here are unlikely to cause substantial misclassification. Furthermore, processing and storage conditions studied here are adequate for use in epidemiologic studies.
Circularly Polarized Luminescent π‐Conjugated Chiral Nanorings and Nanobelts
Authors: Xue Yuting , Shi Yafei , Chen Pangkuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMolecular chirality plays a pivotal role across the disciplines of chemical and physical sciences, as well as holding significant implications in the realms of medicine and technology. Chiral macrocycles have attracted recent interests in synthetic chemistry, material science, and supramolecular chemistry. Due to the cyclic arrangements of stereogenic elements or special orientations confined in the rigid structures, π‐conjugated chiral macrocycles are expected to be highly luminescent, and configurationally stable, and thus serve to develop high‐performance chiroptical materials. Given the rapid progress achieved in this new area in recent years, it is significant to highlight new concepts and breakthroughs. This minireview will offer the overview of a wide range of π‐conjugated chiral macrocycles from traditional molecules which include the axially, helically, and planar chiral skeletons to the new chiral nanobelts with a focus on the structure‐function relationship between chiral molecules and the unique chiroptical properties.
Naturally Occuring or Derived Photoinitiators for Medical Applications
Authors: Zhu D. , Zhang J. , Xiao P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRapid manufacturing of medical devices during unforeseen pandemics is imperative. In striving for manufacturing efficiency, photopolymerization has emerged as a viable approach for diverse healthcare applications in recent decades. Photopolymerization‐based 3D printing offers significant potential with a range of biocompatible materials (e.g., poly(ethylene glycol), cellulose, etc.) while minimizing waste generation. However, prevalent commercial photoinitiators used in this process are synthetic and environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, the naturally occurring and derived photoinitiators have drawn tremendous research interest due to their bioactivities and inherent environmental safety. This review comprehensively outlines the medical applications implemented by these photoinitiators, highlighting their inherent photoinitiation abilities. Moreover, it delves into the impact of substituent effects on the photoinitiation abilities of naturally derived photoinitiators.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Synthesis of γ‐Amino Sulfones from Vinyl Sulfones and Amino Acids
Authors: Qian Zhu‐Ming , Wang Feng‐Yu , Guan Zhi , He Yan‐Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA method for the synthesis of γ‐amino sulfones through visible light‐induced oxidative decarboxylation and radical reductive addition is described. Various readily available N‐protected natural amino acids react with aromatic/aliphatic vinyl sulfones to directly produce γ‐amino sulfone derivatives. This reaction is also applicable to α‐N(O)‐acids and other aliphatic carboxylic acids, resulting in the corresponding sulfone derivatives. The method operates without the need for sacrificial reducing agents or additional hydrogen atom donors. The sole by‐product is CO2 released from decarboxylation, rendering the process both atom‐ and step‐economical.