bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of pre‐weaning dietary substitutions on plasma insulin and glucose profiles in primiparous sows
Authors: Chen T. Y. , Stott P. , O’Leary S. , Athorn R. Z. , Bouwman E. G. , Langendijk P. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of substituting 1 kg of a standard lactation diet with 1 kg of a sugar‐rich (15.75 DE MJ/kg) or fat‐rich (23.85 DE MJ/kg) diet during late lactation on blood glucose and insulin changes in primiparous sows. During a 4‐week lactation period, 21 primiparous sows were fed to appetite with a standard lactation diet (14.10 DE MJ/kg). At 9 days before weaning, sows were assigned to a control (C, n = 7), fat (F, n = 6) or sugar (S, n = 8) treatment. During the treatment period (from 8 days before weaning until weaning), 1 kg of the lactation diet was substituted with 1 kg of a sugar‐rich or fat‐rich diet for S and F sows. At 3 days before weaning, serial blood samples were collected for a total of 228 min around feeding to establish pre‐ and postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Preprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05); however, mean plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were higher for S compared to F (p < 0.05) and intermediate for the C sows. Postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were higher for the S sows than for C and F sows (p < 0.05). Sow body weight loss during late lactation did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05). The results from our study suggest that a sugar‐enriched diet during the last week of lactation elevates circulating glucose and insulin concentrations and may potentially improve post‐weaning fertility in primiparous sows.
Natural Spread of Plant Viruses by Birds
Authors: Peters Dick , Engels Coert , Sarra Soungalo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObservations made in Mali strongly suggest that Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is spread by weaverbirds (Quelea quelea) below and around baobab trees (Adansonia digitata) in which they nest. Rice leaves in bird nests appeared to be infected. In Spain, an infection of Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) in string (climbing) beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) was apparently introduced and spread by sparrows (Passer domesticus) judging from the damage caused on flowers and bean pods. Damaged leaves and pods on SBMV‐infected plants were also found in a screenhouse visited by sparrows and bulbuls (Pycnonotus barbatus) in Morocco. These observations showed that both viruses could be spread by birds when either collecting infected leaves for nesting or feeding on infected plants.
Canine‐chilled Sperm: Study of a Semen Extender Made with Low‐density Lipoproteins from Hen Egg Yolk Supplemented with Glutamine
Authors: Bencharif D , Amirat‐Briand L , Le Guillou J , Garand A , Anton M , Schmitt E , Desherces S , Delhomme G , Langlois M‐L , Destrumelle S , Vera‐Munoz O , Barrière P , Tainturier D 
Published: July 2012

ContentsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of 6% low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and 20 mm glutamine in comparison with other extenders used for the refrigeration of canine semen: Tris egg yolk (EY) 20% and 6% LDL. The percentages of mobile spermatozoa after 4 days storage in a domestic refrigerator at +4°C were 53.1%, 44.2% and 52.2% for the 6% LDL + 20 mm glutamine, 20% EY and 6% LDL extenders respectively for 100% of the dogs. After 7 days of storage, these percentages fell to 37.8%, 26.4% and 33.6% in the same extenders for 50% of the dogs. In vitro fertility tests were performed with all of the extenders following the mobility results. These tests were conducted on the day of sampling (D0), and 48 and 96 h after sampling. The results of the hypo‐osmotic swelling test were 82.6%, 81.2% and 85.7% on D0, 75.2%, 74.1% and 78.5% on D2, and 70.8%, 71% and 76.1% on D4 for the 6% LDL + 20 mm glutamine, 20% EY and 6% LDL extenders, respectively. For the FITC/pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) test, the results were 81.5%, 70.2% and 84.8% on D0, 78.9%, 62.3% and 84.2% on D2, and 72.7%, 59.6% and 73.7% on D4 for the 6% LDL + 20 mm glutamine, 20% EY and 6% LDL extenders, respectively. The acridine orange test was positive; in nearly 100% of cases, none of the spermatozoa had been denatured on D0, D2 and D4. The 6% LDL + 20 mm glutamine and the 6% LDL extenders are capable of preserving spermatozoa that have been stored in a domestic refrigerator at +4°C for at least 4 days. This means that the spermatozoa retain good cytoplasmic membrane integrity, had not capacitated and contained intact DNA in comparison with spermatozoa preserved in the egg yolk extender. The duration of storage is a very important consideration when faced with the problem of sending semen over ever‐greater distances.
Prognostic factors for treatment outcomes in transient tachypnea of the newborn
Authors: Bak Seon‐Yeong , Shin Youn‐Ho , Jeon Ji‐Hyun , Park Kyu‐Hee , Kang Jin‐Hee , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Han Man‐Yong , Jo Heui‐Seung , Lee Kyu‐Hyung , Lee Cho‐Ae 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:  Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a clinical syndrome associated with respiratory distress usually seen shortly after delivery in infants. This study aims to determine the risk factors predicting treatment outcomes in infants with TTN.Methods:  Data from 236 infants diagnosed with TTN during the study period were evaluated retrospectively. Logistic regression analyses were performed to select significant risk factor for prognosis (prolonged oxygen therapy, application of mechanical ventilator, and prolonged hospital stay) of TTN among components of clinical variables.Results:  Of the 236 TTN infants, 111 (47.0%) infants were delivered via cesarean section (CS) without labor, 29 (12.3%) infants were delivered via CS with labor, and 96 (40.7%) were delivered via vaginal birth. Lower Apgar score at 1 min (OR: 3.03; 95%CI: 1.25–7.36) and lower umbilical artery pH (OR: 4.00; 95%CI 1.55–10.49) were associated with a significantly increased risk for mechanical ventilator care. Also, late‐preterm delivery (OR: 4.70; 95%CI: 2.11–10.49) was independently associated with risk of prolonged duration of hospital stay.Conclusions:  Late‐preterm delivery, lower initial umbilical artery pH (<7.25), and lower Apgar score at 1 min were independently associated with poor prognostic treatment outcomes in infants with TTN.
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the immature mouse neocortex
Authors: Sun Haiyan , Luhmann Heiko J. , Kilb Werner 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn vivo recordings in the immature neocortex revealed spontaneous and sensory‐driven oscillatory activity from delta (0.5–4 Hz) to gamma (30–100 Hz) frequencies. In order to investigate whether the resonance properties of distinct neuronal populations in the immature neocortex contribute to these network oscillations, we performed whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from visually identified neurons in tangential and coronal neocortical slices from postnatal day (P)0–P7 C57Bl/6 mice. Subthreshold resonance was analysed by sinusoidal current injection of varying frequency. All Cajal–Retzius cells showed subthreshold resonance, with an average frequency of 2.6 ± 0.1 Hz (n = 60), which was massively reduced by ZD7288, a blocker of hyperpolarization‐activated cation currents. Approximately 65.6% (n = 61) of the supragranular pyramidal neurons showed subthreshold resonance, with an average frequency of 1.4 ± 0.1 Hz (n = 40). Application of Ni2+ suppressed subthreshold resonance, suggesting that low‐threshold calcium currents contribute to resonance in these neurons. Approximately 63.6% (n = 77) of the layer V pyramidal neurons showed subthreshold resonance, with an average frequency of 1.4 ± 0.2 Hz (n = 49), which was abolished by ZD7288. Only 44.1% (n = 59) of the subplate neurons showed subthreshold resonance, with an average frequency of 1.3 ± 0.2 Hz (n = 26) and a small resonance strength. In summary, these results demonstrate that neurons in all investigated layers show resonance behavior, with either hyperpolarization‐activated cation or low‐threshold calcium currents contributing to the subthreshold resonance. The observed resonance frequencies are in the range of slow activity patterns observed in the immature neocortex, suggesting that subthreshold resonance may support the generation of this activity.
‘Candidatus Halomonas phosphatis’, a novel polyphosphate‐accumulating organism in full‐scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal plants
Authors: Nguyen Hien Thi Thu , Nielsen Jeppe Lund , Nielsen Per Halkjær 
Published: July 2012

SummaryMicroautoradiography combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (MAR‐FISH) was used to screen for potential polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAOs) in full‐scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) plants. Clone library analyses and application of MAR‐FISH using newly designed probes revealed that small rods related to uncultured Halomonas within the gammaproteobacterial family Halomonadaceae were actively involved in uptake of orthophosphate. Although deeply branched in the Gammaproteobacteria, they were not targeted by the gammaproteobacterial probe (GAM42a). A part of them were also not targeted with the general bacterial probes (EUBmix). They could take up short‐chain fatty acids (e.g. acetate and propionate) and ethanol under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Polyhydroxyalkanoate storage was observed under anaerobic conditions. There was no indication of a denitrifying capability. A survey of the occurrence of these Halomonas‐PAOs in 23 full‐scale EBPR plants revealed that they made up 0.5–5.7% of all bacteria in the plants, and were often in higher abundance than the well‐described PAOs ‘Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis’. This indicates a potentially important role for these uncultured Halomonas bacteria in the EBPR process in full‐scale plants and we propose to name them ‘Candidatus Halomonas phosphatis’.
UNIONS' RELATIVE CONCERNS AND STRIKES IN WAGE BARGAINING
Authors: Mauleon A. , Vannetelbosch Vincent , Vergari Cecilia 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe consider a model of wage determination with private information in an oligopoly. We investigate the effects of unions having relative concerns on the negotiated wage and the strike activity. We show that an increase of unions’ relative concerns has an ambiguous effect on the strike activity.
Banks, Financial Markets and International Consumption Risk Sharing
Authors: Leibrecht Markus , Scharler Johann 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this article, we explore how characteristics of the domestic financial system influence the international allocation of consumption risk in a sample of OECD countries. Our results show that the extent of risk sharing achieved does not depend on the overall development of the domestic financial system per se. Rather, it depends on how the financial system is organized. Countries characterized by developed financial markets are less exposed to idiosyncratic risk, whereas the development of the banking sector contributes little to the international diversification of consumption risk.
Market Liberalization, Regulatory Uncertainty, and Firm Investment
Authors: Baumann Florian , Friehe Tim 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This paper analyzes the effects of regulatory uncertainty regarding labor costs on investment in a liberalized market. We distinguish between the external investment margin (market entry) and the internal investment margin (technology), and establish that regulatory uncertainty affects these margins differently, encouraging market entry, but discouraging technological investment. As a consequence, the impact of regulatory uncertainty on competition in liberalized markets is a combination of these two countervailing forces.
A rights approach to supporting the sexual fetish of a man with learning disability: method, process and applied learning
Authors: Cambridge Paul 
Published: July 2012

Accessible summary

Some men with learning disabilities have a sexual fetish which may present a support challenge for staff or carers.
Sexual fetish in people with learning disabilities is often ignored, seen as pathological or associated with risk.
It is possible to support sexual fetish in person‐centred ways which respect individual rights and informed choice.

SummaryThis paper reports on a psycho‐educational intervention associated with the sexual fetish of a man with mild learning disability and autism which centred on his use of nappies and baby paraphernalia. It outlines the nature and expression of his sexual fetish and the risks perceived to be associated with it and describes the approach developed to support him, including the aims which underpinned the work and the methods and processes employed. It was found that a person‐centred psycho‐educational approach from a rights based perspective achieved important changes in his life and self‐esteem and helped challenge assumptions about his sexual risk. The paper also reflects on the organisational location of this work and identifies the applied learning for supporting the sexual fetish of people with learning disabilities, of value for informing sex education and sexuality support for people with learning disabilities more widely.
Expression of cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1) and COX‐2 in human male gametes from normal patients, and those with varicocele and diabetes: a potential molecular marker for diagnosing male infertility disorders
Authors: Perrotta I. , Santoro M. , Guido C. , Avena P. , Tripepi S. , De Amicis F. , Gervasi M. C. , Aquila S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRising rates of varicocele and diabetes mellitus (DM) pose a significant problem to human fertility. Recent studies have pointed out the impact of cyclooxygenase (COX) in the regulation of testicular function and male fertility. Prominent COX‐2 expression has been described recently in the testes of infertile patients, but little is known about the role and identity of COX isoforms in human sperm under certain disease states such as varicocele and DM. We therefore examined the expression profile and ultrastructural localization of COX‐1 and COX‐2 concomitantly in semen samples from healthy donors, and patients with varicocele and DM. Using Western blotting assay, ‘varicocele’ and ‘diabetic’ sperm showed enhanced COX isoforms expression with respect to the ‘healthy’ sperm. Immunogold labeling revealed human sperm anatomical regions containing COX‐1 and COX‐2, confirming their increased expression in pathological samples. Our data demonstrate that both COX isoforms are upregulated in the spermatozoa of varicocele and diabetic patients, suggesting the harmful effect of the diseases also at the sperm molecular level, going beyond the abnormal morphology described to date. In conclusion, COX enzymes may possess a biological relevance in the pathogenesis and/or maintenance of male factor infertility associated with varicocele and DM, and may be considered additional molecular markers for the diagnosis of male infertility disorders.
Current issues with standards in the measurement and documentation of human skeletal anatomy
Authors: Magee Justin , McClelland Brian , Winder John 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDigital modeling of human anatomy has become increasingly important and relies on well‐documented quantitative anatomy literature. This type of documentation is common for the spine and pelvis; however, significant issues exist due to the lack of standardization in measurement and technique. Existing literature on quantitative anatomy for the spine and pelvis of white adults (aged 18–65 years, separated into decadal categories) was reviewed from the disciplines of anatomy, manipulative therapy, anthropometrics, occupational ergonomics, biomechanics and forensic science. The data were unified into a single normative model of the sub‐axial spine. Two‐dimensional orthographic drawings were produced from the 590 individual measurements identified, which informed the development of a 3D digital model. A similar review of full range of motion data was conducted as a meta‐analysis and the results were applied to the existing model, providing an inter‐connected, articulated digital spine. During these data analysis processes several inconsistencies were observed accompanied by an evidential lack of standardization with measurement and recording of data. These have been categorized as: anatomical terminology; scaling of measurements; measurement methodology, dimension and anatomical reference positions; global coordinate systems. There is inconsistency in anatomical terminology where independent researchers use the same terms to describe different aspects of anatomy or different terms for the same anatomy. Published standards exist for measurement methods of the human body regarding spatial interaction, anthropometric databases, automotive applications, clothing industries and for computer manikins, but none exists for skeletal anatomy. Presentation of measurements often lacks formal structure in clinical publications, seldom providing geometric reference points, therefore making digital reconstruction difficult. Published quantitative data does not follow existing international published standards relating to engineering drawing and visual communication. Large variations are also evident in standards or guidelines used for global coordinate systems across biomechanics, ergonomics, software systems and 3D software applications. This paper identifies where established good practice exists and suggests additional recommendations, informing an improved communication protocol, to assist reconstruction of skeletal anatomy using 3D digital modeling.
Near‐complete adaptation of the PRiMA knockout to the lack of central acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Farar Vladimir , Mohr Franziska , Legrand Marie , Lamotte d’Incamps Boris , Cendelin Jan , Leroy Jacqueline , Abitbol Marc , Bernard Veronique , Baud Frédéric , Fournet Vincent , Houze Pascal , Klein Jochen , Plaud Benoit , Tuma Jan , Zimmermann Martina , Ascher Philippe , Hrabovska Anna , Myslivecek Jaromir , Krejci Eric 
Published: July 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 1065–1080.AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) rapidly hydrolyzes acetylcholine. At the neuromuscular junction, AChE is mainly anchored in the extracellular matrix by the collagen Q, whereas in the brain, AChE is tethered by the proline‐rich membrane anchor (PRiMA). The AChE‐deficient mice, in which AChE has been deleted from all tissues, have severe handicaps. Surprisingly, PRiMA KO mice in which AChE is mostly eliminated from the brain show very few deficits. We now report that most of the changes observed in the brain of AChE‐deficient mice, and in particular the high levels of ambient extracellular acetylcholine and the massive decrease of muscarinic receptors, are also observed in the brain of PRiMA KO. However, the two groups of mutants differ in their responses to AChE inhibitors. Since PRiMA‐KO mice and AChE‐deficient mice have similar low AChE concentrations in the brain but differ in the AChE content of the peripheral nervous system, these results suggest that peripheral nervous system AChE is a major target of AChE inhibitors, and that its absence in AChE‐ deficient mice is the main cause of the slow development and vulnerability of these mice. At the level of the brain, the adaptation to the absence of AChE is nearly complete.
What goes around comes around: Perceived vulnerable employment and economic voting in developing countries
Authors: Singer Matthew M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVoters who perceive the economy to be weak are generally less likely to support the incumbent government. Yet there is a debate over whether all people respond equally to economic shifts or if the state of the economy is more salient for those who feel economically vulnerable. This article examines whether insecure employment situations and employability concerns strengthen responses to the government's economic record. Data from Latin America and Eastern Europe confirm that workers who feel anxious about being fired or who believe it would be difficult to find a new job place significantly greater weight on sociotropic evaluations than do those with more secure employment situations. Thus incumbents who create risks for vulnerable workers are sanctioned, while those who create opportunities are rewarded most.
Nitric oxide potentiation of the homomeric ρ1 GABAC receptor function
Authors: Gasulla J , Beltrán González AN , Calvo DJ 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a highly diffusible and reactive gas produced in the nervous system, which acts as a neuronal signal mediating physiological or pathological mechanisms. NO can modulate the activity of neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels, including NMDA and GABAA receptors. In the present work, we examined whether GABAC receptor function can also be regulated by NO.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Homomeric ρ1 GABAC receptors were expressed in oocytes and GABA‐evoked responses electrophysiologically recorded in the presence or absence of the NO donor DEA. Chemical protection of cysteines by selective sulfhydryl reagents and site‐directed mutagenesis were used to determine the protein residues involved in the actions of NO.KEY RESULTS GABAρ1 receptor responses were significantly enhanced in a dose‐dependent, fast and reversible manner by DEA and the specific NO scavenger CPTIO prevented these potentiating effects. The ρ1 subunits contain only three cysteine residues, two extracellular at the Cys‐loop (C177 and C191) and one intracellular (C364). Mutations of C177 and C191 render the ρ1 GABA receptors non‐functional, but C364 can be safely exchanged by alanine (C364A). NEM, N‐ethyl maleimide and (2‐aminoethyl) methanethiosulfonate prevented the effects of DEA on GABAρ1 receptors. Meanwhile, the potentiating effects of DEA on mutant GABAρ1C364A receptors were similar to those observed on wild‐type receptors.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest that the function of GABAC receptors can be enhanced by NO acting at the extracellular Cys‐loop.
Functional monoclonal antibody acts as a biased agonist by inducing internalization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7
Authors: Ullmer C , Zoffmann S , Bohrmann B , Matile H , Lindemann L , Flor PJ , Malherbe P 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The mGlu7 receptors are strategically located at the site of vesicle fusion where they modulate the release of the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Consequently, they are implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of CNS diseases such as epilepsy and stress‐related psychiatric disorders. Here, we characterized a selective, potent and functional anti‐mGlu7 monoclonal antibody, MAB1/28, that triggers receptor internalization.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH MAB1/28's activity was investigated using Western blot and direct immunofluorescence on live cells, in vitro pharmacology by functional cAMP and [35S]‐GTPγ binding assays, the kinetics of IgG‐induced internalization by image analysis, and the activation of the ERK1/2 by elisa.KEY RESULTS mGlu7/mGlu6 chimeric studies located the MAB1/28 binding site at the extracellular amino‐terminus of mGlu7. MAB1/28 potently antagonized both orthosteric and allosteric agonist‐induced inhibition of cAMP accumulation. The potency of the antagonistic actions was similar to the potency in triggering receptor internalization. The internalization mechanism occurred via a pertussis toxin‐insensitive pathway and did not require Gαi protein activation. MAB1/28 activated ERK1/2 with potency similar to that for receptor internalization. The requirement of a bivalent receptor binding mode for receptor internalizations suggests that MAB1/28 modulates mGlu7 dimers.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We obtained evidence for an allosteric‐biased agonist activity triggered by MAB1/28, which activates a novel IgG‐mediated GPCR internalization pathway that is not utilized by small molecule, orthosteric or allosteric agonists. Thus, MAB1/28 provides an invaluable biological tool for probing mGlu7 function and selective activation of its intracellular trafficking.