bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power sharing control between load‐side inverters in DC microgrid for superhigh‐quality electric power distribution system
Authors: Kakigano Hiroaki , Nada Kaho , Miura Yushi , Ise Toshifumi , Uchida Ryohei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA DC microgrid is a novel power system using DC distribution in order to provide superhigh‐quality electric power. The DC distribution system is suitable for DC‐output distributed generation such as photovoltaic and fuel cells, and energy storage devices such as batteries and electric double layer capacitors. Power is distributed through a DC distribution line and converted to the required AC or DC voltage by converters placed near the loads. Load‐side single phase converters are connected through transformers in order to share active and reactive power. In this paper, a power sharing control scheme is proposed, and the power sharing characteristics are demonstrated by experimental results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(1): 55–64, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21052
Proposal of current control method of high‐speed AC motor system
Authors: Furutani Shinichi , Satake Akira 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a current control method for a high‐speed AC motor system is proposed. In high‐speed driving operation, the current controller tends to lose stability because of the dead time caused by computational delay and electromagnetic coupling included in the AC motor model. The main purpose of the proposed method is reduction of the dead time on the current controller. The proposed method is based on model predictive control and optimization of the start timing. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulation results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(1): 37–45, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21083
Design of multi‐input multi‐output minimum‐phase state control system with decoupling and feedforward compensation
Authors: Tomaru Takao , Mori Yasuchika 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper discusses the design of decoupling control for a multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) linear system. A new configuration of the prepositional tandem matrix is presented as a decoupling compensator, and minimum‐phase state control is applied to the resulting decoupled system. In general, non‐minimum‐phase characteristics often accompany decoupled systems. Feedforward compensation makes the non‐minimum‐phase effect of each decoupled scalar system change to the delay time. A numerical example is given for the MIMO linear system, which conventionally results in non‐minimum‐phase systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(2): 53–61, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21117
Programmed death ligand 1 is over‐expressed by neutrophils in the blood of patients with active tuberculosis
Authors: McNab Finlay W. , Berry Matthew P. R. , Graham Christine M. , Bloch Susannah A. A. , Oni Tolu , Wilkinson Katalin A. , Wilkinson Robert J. , Kon Onn M. , Banchereau Jacques , Chaussabel Damien , O'Garra Anne 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains one of the world's largest infectious disease problems. Despite decades of intensive study, the immune response to Mtb is incompletely characterised, reflecting the extremely complex interaction between pathogen and host. Pathways that may alter the balance between host protection and pathogenesis are therefore of great interest. One pathway shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic infections, including TB, is the programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) pathway. We show here that the expression of the programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), which interacts with PD‐1, is increased in whole blood from active TB patients compared with whole blood from healthy controls or Mtb‐exposed individuals, and that expression by neutrophils is largely responsible for this increase.
Computational Study of the Intramolecular Pericyclic Reactions of Aldazines and Some Pseudopericyclic Variants
Authors: González Pérez Adán B. , Souto José A. , Silva López Carlos , de Lera Ángel R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe mechanisms of the complex cascade cyclizations of homoallenyl aldazines and analogues to afford tetracyclic compounds has been computed. Double sequential crisscross 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition through azomethine imine intermediates was characterized both for the homoallenyl aldazine and for its ketene analogue. If conjugation of the two interacting groups (azine and allene/ketene) was introduced through the presence of an olefin system or an oxygen atom in place of the saturated carbon, pseudopericyclic mechanisms were also characterized. Unlike in the parent system, the barrierless cascade electrocyclization of [(Z)‐hexa‐2,4,5‐trien‐1‐ylidene]hydrazine and of its ketene analogue is interrupted after formation of the 2,2′‐methylenebis(dihydropyridine) and bis‐2,2′‐pyridone, respectively, by pseudoelectrocyclic reactions. The cascade reaction of a hypothetical diazine with an allenylformimidate structure generates a compound containing four fused five‐membered heterocyclic rings through a sequence that differs from that of the parent homoallenyl aldazine in the involvement of 6π‐electron‐5‐atom electrocyclization and nucleophile–electrophile reaction steps before the final 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. The analysis of the aromaticities of the transition structures through the computation of the NICS is consistent with their characterization as pericyclic or pseudopericyclic processes.
Comment on “A new simple square root option pricing model”
Authors: Kim Hwa‐Sung , Kang Jangkoo , Shin Jeongwoo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCâmara A. and Wang Y.‐H. (2010) introduce a simple square root option pricing model where the square root of the stock price is governed by a normal distribution. They show that their three‐parameter option pricing model can outperform the Black–Scholes option pricing model. We demonstrate that their assumption possesses an internal inconsistency in that the square root of the stock price can take on negative values. We generalize and revise their assumption so that the internal inconsistency can be avoided, and introduce a new square root option pricing model. The difference in option prices calculated from the two models may not be trivial. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Damage to the cingulum contributes to alzheimer's disease pathophysiology by deafferentation mechanism
Authors: Bozzali Marco , Giulietti Giovanni , Basile Barbara , Serra Laura , Spanò Barbara , Perri Roberta , Giubilei Franco , Marra Camillo , Caltagirone Carlo , Cercignani Mara 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study investigates the differential contribution of gray matter (GM) atrophy and deafferentation through white matter (WM) damage in the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thirty‐one patients with probable AD, 23 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a‐MCI), and 14 healthy subjects underwent MRI scanning at 3T. Voxel‐based morphometry was used to assess regional GM atrophy in AD and a‐MCI patients. Diffusion tensor‐MRI tractography was used to reconstruct the cingulum bilaterally, and to quantify, voxel‐by‐voxel, its fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) (measures of microscopic WM integrity). Atrophy of the cinguli was also assessed by means of jacobian determinants (JD) of local transformations. In AD patients, four clusters of reduced GM were found nearby the cinguli, in the posterior (PCC) and anterior cingulate cortex, and in the hippocampal/parahippocampal areas. Widespread areas of reduced FA and increased MD were found in the cinguli of both, AD and a‐MCI patients. A region of macroscopic atrophy was detectable in AD patients only. Strong associations were found between local GM densities in the four identified clusters, and measures of micro‐ and (to a lesser extent) macroscopic damage of patients' cinguli. Linear regression analyses revealed that MD in the cinguli predicts patients' measures of episodic memory in combination with GM density of hippocampal/parahippocampal areas, and measures of global cognition in combination with GM density of the PCC. This study indicates that brain deafferentation though the cingulum is likely to play a remarkable role in progressive development of cognitive impairment in AD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new model for nanofluid conductivity based on the effects of clustering due to Brownian motion
Authors: Akbari Mahmood , Galanis Nicolas , Behzadmehr Amin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractConductivity values of nanofluids calculated with the model proposed by Nan et al. 1 consistently underestimate the corresponding measured values for 20 sets of experimental data from 12 published studies; thus the conclusion of the recent International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise 2 which stated that it is not necessary to resort to other theories (e.g., Brownian motion, liquid layering, and aggregation) for the interpretation of the INPBE database cannot be generalized. In view of this situation, a new model which takes into account clustering and micro‐convection is proposed and compared with experimental data for five nanofluids (with different particle sizes and a range of particle concentrations) as well as two previously published models. The maximum difference between the predictions of the proposed model and the measured values is 6.7% of the latter. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20350
Chemoselective synthesis of 4‐oxo‐2‐aryl‐4,10‐dihydropyrimido [1,2‐a][1,3]benzimidazol‐3‐yl cyanides via [3+3] atom combination of 2‐aminobenzimidazole with ethyl‐α‐cyanocinnamoates
Authors: Sheibani Hassan , Hassani Fahimeh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractChemoselective synthesis of 4‐oxo‐2‐aryl‐4,10‐dihydropyrimido[1,2‐a][1,3]benzimidazol‐3‐yl cyanides from three‐component reactions of 2‐aminobenzimidazole, aldehydes, and ethyl cyanoacetate via [3+3] atom combination is reported. The effect of different base catalysts such as sodium acetate, triethylamine, and magnesium oxide MgO on the product yield has also been investigated under conventional heating. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis and application of modified silica sulfuric acid as a solid acid heterogeneous catalyst in Michael addition reactions
Authors: Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Veisi Hojat , Mohanazadeh Farajollah , Sedrpoushan Alireza 
Published: April 2011

AbstractModified silica sulfuric acid (MSSA) as a new type of silica sulfuric acid was prepared and effectively used in the conjugate addition of indole, pyrrole, and thiols with Michael acceptors under mild conditions at room temperature. Also, MSSA was used as a catalyst for the synthesis of 1,1,3‐tri‐indolyl compounds in good to excellent yield at room temperature. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
The novel triazine cored tripodal and trinuclear Schiff base‐oxime metal complexes: Their magnetic properties and thermal decompositions
Authors: Uysal Şaban , Coşkun Ahmet 
Published: April 2011

Abstract2,4,6‐tris(4‐hydroxybenzimino)‐1,3,5‐triazine [1, 2] (III) have been synthesized by the reaction of 1 equiv melamine and three equiv 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, and characterized by means of elemental analysis, 1H‐NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrscopy, liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (LC‐MS). L (IV) has been synthesized by the reaction of one equiv (III) and three equiv 4‐(thiophenoxy)phenyloxylohydroxymoyl chloride (II), and characterized by means of the same methods. Then, four novel trinuclear Fe(III) and Cr(III) complexes involving tetradentate Schiff bases N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine‐(salenH2) or bis(salicylidene)‐o‐phenylenediamine‐(salophen H2) with L (IV) have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, FTIR spectrscopy, LC‐MS, thermal analyses. The metal ratios of the prepared complexes have been determined using AAS. The aim of the present study is synthesis of novel tridirectional‐trinuclear systems and to present their effects on magnetic behavior of [salenFe(III)], [salophenFe(III)], [salenCr(III)], and [salophenCr(III)] capped complexes. The complexes have also been characterized as low‐spin distorted octahedral Fe(III) and Cr(III) bridged by keton‐oxime group. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Quantifying the benefits of a long‐lead ENSO prediction model to enhance harvest management—A case study for the Herbert sugarcane growing region, Australia
Authors: Everingham Yvette L. , Stoeckl Natalie E. , Cusack Justin , Osborne John A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn the Australian sugarcane industry, the decision about when to start the harvest season (which runs from approximately June through to November) must be made no later than March. This is necessary to give sugar milling personnel sufficient time to complete important mill maintenance procedures prior to commencement of harvest. The harvest season must start early enough so that all sugarcane is harvested before the rainy season commences, but late enough to capitalize on the higher sugar content in the cane stalk, which forms the basis of industry payment. An early indication (e.g. January) about likely rainfall conditions during the latter half of the harvest season (e.g. September to November) would provide crucial information to industry planners when deciding the start of the harvest season. By coupling a long‐lead statistical ENSO prediction scheme with the cane payment system, we investigated the ability of the climate forecast model to deliver a quantitative benefit to the Herbert sugarcane region. Through the use of bootstrapped confidence intervals, we found the region could benefit by up to 1.9 million AUD per annum by starting the harvest season later than that conventionally practiced when warm ENSO conditions were predicted for the end of the harvest season. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Buoy wind inhomogeneities related to averaging method and anemometer type: application to long time series
Authors: Thomas B. R. , Swail V. R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMoored buoy observations began two to three decades ago. These datasets have value for calibration of remotely sensed data, validation of weather and ocean wave models, input to reanalysis models, and studies of climate trend and variability. Changes in buoy wind observation methods have the potential to introduce inhomogeneities into the time series. These include changes in anemometer height (typically between 5 and 10 m) with changes in platform type; the transition in the 1980s and 1990s from use of a vector‐mean to a scalar‐mean averaging method; and, in recent years, the introduction of ultrasonic anemometers in the buoy networks, as well as the continued use of mechanical propeller‐vane type of anemometers. This study examines differences in buoy wind measurements from RM Young propeller‐vane and Vaisala ultrasonic anemometers installed on the same buoy, and differences in vector‐averaged and scalar‐averaged wind speeds from the same RM Young anemometer. This study also considers the effect of waves on these differences. The comparisons are based on large multi‐year datasets from 6‐m buoys with boat‐shaped hulls (6N) and 3‐m buoys with round hulls (3D), deployed off the coasts of Canada in the northeast Pacific and northwest Atlantic Oceans. Results of the anemometer type comparison suggest that the Vaisala ultrasonic winds are 0.16 ms−1 + 1.6% of the RM Young winds. Results of the vector scalar comparison of Canadian buoy data show that scalar mean winds were 2.1% and 2.7% greater than RM Young vector mean winds from 6N and 3D buoys, respectively. Vector‐scalar differences increased with increasing wave height, more quickly with 3D than with 6N buoys. Results are used to adjust the winds from a long‐term buoy in the northeast Pacific. The height adjustment is shown to be more important than the adjustment for vector or scalar averaging of the sustained wind speed, in terms of the impact of monthly mean wind speeds. A homogeneity testing program finds other unexplained significant shifts in the time series of monthly mean wind speeds. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown in the right of Canada.
Improved large tip angle parallel transmission pulse design through a perturbation analysis of the bloch equation
Authors: Zheng Hai , Zhao Tiejun , Qian Yongxian , Ibrahim Tamer S. , Boada Fernando E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractParallel transmission has emerged as an efficient means for implementing multidimensional spatially selective radiofrequency excitation pulses. To date, most theoretical and experimental work on parallel transmission radiofrequency (RF) pulse design is based on the small‐tip‐angle approximation to the Bloch equation. The small‐tip‐angle, while mathematically compact, is not an exact solution and leads to significant errors when large‐tip‐angle pulses are designed. Methods have been proposed to overcome the limitations of the small‐tip‐angle using regularized least‐square optimization or optimal control algorithms. These methods, however, are based on further approximations to the Bloch equation or require the use of general purpose algorithms that do not capitalize fully on the dynamics of the physical model at hand. In this article, a novel algorithm for large‐tip‐angle parallel transmission pulse design is proposed. The algorithm relies on a perturbation analysis of the Bloch equation and it depicts the relationship between the excited magnetization, its deviation from the target pattern and the desired pulses. Simulations and experiments are used to validate the proposed method on a 7T 8‐channel transmit array. The results demonstrate that the perturbation analysis algorithm provides a fast and accurate approach for multidimensional large‐tip‐angle pulse design, especially when large acceleration factors and/or echo‐planar trajectories are used. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Central inhibitory effect of intravesically applied botulinum toxin A in chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Munoz Alvaro , Somogyi George T. , Boone Timothy B. , Smith Christopher P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAimsWe evaluated a putative central inhibitory effect of intravesical botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) on the activity of lumbosacral spinal neurons in a chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) model of bladder overactivity.MethodsFemale Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent T8 spinal cord transection. Four weeks later, once overactive neuropathic detrusor pathways had developed, the animals underwent intravesical instillation with either saline (1 ml) or BoNT‐A (Botox®, 20 U/1 ml) for 1 hr. Two days later, the rats then completed a cystometric evaluation prior to spinal cord harvest. Sections from the L4‐S1 spinal cord segments were examined for the total number of c‐fos immunoreactive cells.ResultsComparison of the saline and BoNT‐A treated groups showed a significant decrease in L6 (i.e., 67%, P < 0.001) and S1 (i.e., 47%, P < 0.01) c‐fos expression (43%) in BoNT‐A treated rats compared to saline controls. Cystometrogram studies revealed that the frequency of non‐voiding bladder contractions was reduced by 73% (P < 0.05) in BoNT‐A compared to saline treated rats. No change in the frequency of voiding bladder contractions or amplitude of bladder contraction was observed between the saline and BoNT‐A treated groups.ConclusionIn a SCI model of bladder overactivity, intravesical BoNT‐A significantly inhibits the response of bladder afferent activated lumbosacral neurons without significantly impairing efferent bladder function. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1376–1381, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discovery of a novel tumour metastasis‐promoting gene, NVM‐1
Authors: Thiele Wilko , Novac Natalia , Mink Sigrun , Schreiber Caroline , Plaumann Diana , Fritzmann Johannes , Cremers Natascha , Rothley Melanie , Schwager Christian , Regiert Thomas , Huber Peter E. , Stein Ulrike , Schlag Peter , Moll Jürgen , Abdollahi Amir , Sleeman Jonathan P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe have previously reported that over‐expression of a panel of 119 genes correlates with the metastatic potential of pancreatic carcinoma cells. We sought to identify and functionally characterize candidate tumour metastasis promoting genes among this library using a secondary phenotype‐assisted screen. Here we report the discovery of the metastasis‐promoting function of a hitherto not characterized gene located on chromosome 14 (ORF138), which we have named ‘novel metastasis‐promoting gene 1’ (NVM‐1). The NVM‐1 transcript is extensively alternatively spliced, is expressed endogenously in a number of different tissues, and is strongly over‐expressed at the protein level in a variety of human tumour types. Importantly, NVM‐1 expression stimulates the migratory and invasive behaviour of tumour cells and promotes metastasis formation in experimental animals in vivo. Up‐regulation of FMNL2 and MT1E and down‐regulation of TIMP4 and MHC‐I is observed as a consequence of NVM‐1 expression. Together these data identify NVM‐1 as a gene that is functionally involved in tumour metastasis, and suggest that NVM‐1 may constitute a promising therapeutic target for inhibition of tumour metastasis. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PARP inhibition induces BAX/BAK‐independent synthetic lethality of BRCA1‐deficient non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Paul Ian , Savage Kienan I , Blayney Jaine K , Lamers Elisabeth , Gately Kathy , Kerr Keith , Sheaff Michael , Arthur Kenneth , Richard Derek J , Hamilton Peter W , James Jacqueline A , O'Byrne Kenneth J , Harkin D Paul , Quinn Jennifer E , Fennell Dean A 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEvasion of apoptosis contributes to both tumourigenesis and drug resistance in non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The pro‐apoptotic BCL‐2 family proteins BAX and BAK are critical regulators of mitochondrial apoptosis. New strategies for targeting NSCLC in a mitochondria‐independent manner should bypass this common mechanism of apoptosis block. BRCA1 mutation frequency in lung cancer is low; however, decreased BRCA1 mRNA and protein expression levels have been reported in a significant proportion of lung adenocarcinomas. BRCA1 mutation/deficiency confers a defect in homologous recombination DNA repair that has been exploited by synthetic lethality through inhibition of PARP (PARPi) in breast and ovarian cells; however, it is not known whether this same synthetic lethal mechanism exists in NSCLC cells. Additionally, it is unknown whether the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is required for BRCA1/PARPi‐mediated synthetic lethality. Here we demonstrate that silencing of BRCA1 expression by RNA interference sensitizes NSCLC cells to PARP inhibition. Importantly, this sensitivity was not attenuated in cells harbouring mitochondrial apoptosis block induced by co‐depletion of BAX and BAK. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BRCA1 inhibition cannot override platinum resistance, which is often mediated by loss of mitochondrial apoptosis signalling, but can still sensitize to PARP inhibition. Finally we demonstrate the existence of a BRCA1‐deficient subgroup (11–19%) of NSCLC patients by analysing BRCA1 protein levels using immunohistochemistry in two independent primary NSCLC cohorts. Taken together, the existence of BRCA1‐immunodeficient NSCLC suggests that this molecular subgroup could be effectively targeted by PARP inhibitors in the clinic and that PARP inhibitors could be used for the treatment of BRCA1‐immunodeficient, platinum‐resistant tumours. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.