bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using parallelization to improve the efficiency of an automated taxi route generation algorithm
Authors: Hall Abe , Gabilondo Michael , Dechev Damian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAs part of the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) concept, surface support tools that generate taxi routes and monitor pilot conformance against those routes have been designed and implemented by Mosaic ATM and tested in simulations conducted by The Mitre Corporation’s Center for Advanced Aviation System Development(CAASD). The purpose of these tools is to increase the overall safety of the airport’s surface by detecting aircraft movement that is not in conformance with the taxi route assigned to that aircraft. Additionally, the tools aim to increase the overall efficiency of airport operations by ensuring that aircraft taxi in compliance with their assigned routes. One of the keys to providing a reliable conformance monitoring system is to produce reliable taxi routes against which to monitor compliance. The tools provided by Mosaic ATM generate these taxi routes via a set of predefined routes commonly used at an airport. In the simulations conducted by CAASD, it was found that the routes provided were found to be reliable and trustworthy. In addition to the predefined routes, Mosaic ATM provided an ad hoc route capability. This capability uses an algorithm that finds a route based on the taxiways assigned by a user through the ad hoc route tool. However, in the simulations conducted by CAASD, this tool was not used extensively by the users. In this paper, we describe our efforts to verify the correctness of the ad hoc taxi route generation algorithm as well as our efforts to increase the speed of the algorithm by implementing a lock-free parallelized version.
Semicrossed Products of the Disk Algebra and the Jacobson Radical
Authors: Khemphet Anchalee , Peters Justin R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe consider semicrossed products of the disk algebra with respect to endomorphisms defined by finite Blaschke products. We characterize the Jacobson radical of these operator algebras. Furthermore, in the case that the finite Blaschke product is elliptic, we show that the semicrossed product contains no nonzero quasinilpotent elements. However, if the finite Blaschke product is hyperbolic or parabolic with positive hyperbolic step, the Jacobson radical is nonzero and a proper subset of the set of quasinilpotent elements.
A Lower Bound for the End-to-End Distance of the Self-Avoiding Walk
Authors: Madras Neal 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFor an N-step self-avoiding walk on the hypercubic lattice Zd, we prove that the meansquare
end-to-end distance is at least N4=(3d) times a constant. This implies that the associated critical exponent v is at least 2/(3d), assuming that v exists.
A Two-Parameter Continuation Method for Rotating Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices
Authors: Wang Y.-S. , Jeng B.-W. , Chien C.-S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe study efficient spectral-collocation and continuation methods (SCCM) for rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and rotating two-component BECs in optical lattices, where the second kind Chebyshev polynomials are used as the basis functions for the trial function space. A novel two-parameter continuation algorithm is proposed for computing the ground state and first excited state solutions of the governing Gross-Pitaevskii equations (GPEs), where the classical tangent vector is split into two constraint conditions for the bordered linear systems. Numerical results on rotating two-component BECs and rotating two-component BECs in optical lattices are reported. The results on the former are consistent with the published numerical results.
Conservative Residual Distribution Method for Viscous Double Cone Flows in Thermochemical Nonequilibrium
Authors: Lani Andrea , Panesi Marco , Deconinck Herman 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA multi-dimensionally upwind conservative Residual Distribution algorithm for simulating viscous axisymmetric hypersonic flows in thermo-chemical nonequilibrium on unstructured grids is presented and validated in the case of the complex flow-field over a double cone configuration. The resulting numerical discretization combines a state-of-the-art nonlinear quasi-monotone second order blended scheme for distributing the convective residual and a standard Galerkin formulation for the diffusive residual. The physical source terms are upwinded together with the convective fluxes. Numerical results show an excellent agreement with experimental measurements and available literature.
Autonomia municipal e a gestão das políticas educacionais a partir da lógica dos sistemas de ensino: perspectivas de criação e implantação no estado do Pará
Authors: Santos Terezinha Fátima A. M. dos , Paz Vanilson Oliveira 
Published: June 2012

Este estudo traça um panorama sobre o processo de criação e implantação dos sistemas municipais de ensino no Brasil e, particularmente, no Estado do Pará, onde são identificados desafios importantes à consolidação da gestão das políticas educacionais na perspectiva da descentralização possibilitada pela Constituição Federal de 1988 ao definir os municípios como entes federados autônomos. Para tanto, empreendeu-se uma pesquisa documental que deu a possibilidade de inferir que o processo de criação dos sistemas municipais de ensino vem se dando de forma ainda incipiente, em razão dos municípios ainda não disporem de conhecimento técnico e vontade política por parte dos gestores municipais para que seja assumida tal opção, como possibilidade de contribuir para a democratização da gestão educacional em âmbito local. Pelo menos, no plano teórico, a lógica que perpassa a criação dos sistemas de ensino é o estabelecimento de bases democráticas, nas quais a descentralização e a autonomia são elementos para se chegar ao que é possível e necessário para o avanço da educação local na sua missão de oferecer uma educação com qualidade a todos.
Gasoline engine air filter health monitoring by second‐order sliding modes
Authors: Ahmed Qadeer , Bhatti Aamer Iqbal , Rizvi Muddassar Abbas , Raza Mohsin 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel and cheap methodology to classify healthy and clogged air filter. Air filter is an integral part of air intake system of spark ignition engine and is responsible to deliver clean air for combustion process. A clogged air filter may hamper engine power and its drivability performance. As a consequence, its health monitoring becomes mandatory. This task is accomplished by modeling the air filter effects on air flow through inlet manifold pressure by incorporating a newly introduced air filter discharge coefficient (Caf) in its dynamics. The estimation of Caf gives an idea about the health of air filter, as no sensor can be installed to measure it. A second‐order sliding mode observer is employed to estimate immeasurable Caf. Super twisting‐based sliding mode observer requires manifold pressure, engine angular speed, and load torque as input. A successful implementation has been carried out to diagnose clogged and healthy air filter of commercial vehicle engine compliant to on‐board diagnostics version‐II. This characterizes ‘ Caf’ as a clean indicator of air filter health classification. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobials and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyposis in adults: an evidenced‐based review with recommendations
Authors: Soler Zachary M. , Oyer Samuel L. , Kern Robert C. , Senior Brent A. MD , Kountakis Stilianos E. , Marple Bradley F. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The role of bacterial or fungal infection in CRS is unclear, yet antimicrobials are commonly prescribed for this condition. Published guidelines offer little direction regarding antibiotic strategies for CRS. The purpose of this article is to provide an evidence‐based approach to the use of antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics in the management of CRS.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was performed following recommendations of the Clinical Practice Guideline Manual, Conference on Guideline Standardization (COGS), and the Appraisal of Guidelines and Research Evaluation (AGREE). Inclusion criteria were: age ≥18 years old, chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps, antibiotic treatment as the experimental group, and clearly defined primary clinical endpoint. Studies involving patients with cystic fibrosis or acute invasive fungal sinusitis were excluded.Results:The review identified and evaluated the literature on 8 classes of antimicrobials for CRS: oral antibacterial antibiotics ≤3 weeks, oral antibacterial antibiotics >3 weeks, macrolide antibiotics, intravenous antibacterial antibiotics, topical antibacterial antibiotics, oral antifungals, intravenous antifungals, and topical antifungals.Conclusion:Based on the available evidence, oral antibacterial antibiotics and prolonged macrolide antibiotics are considered therapeutic options in the treatment of CRS while the use of topical antibacterial antibiotics, intravenous antibacterial antibiotics and oral, topical, or intravenous antifungals would be recommended against. These evidence‐based recommendations should not necessarily be applied to all patients with CRS and are not intended to supersede clinical judgment based on individual patient circumstances. © 2013 ARS–AAOA, LLC.
Medical therapy vs surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective, multi‐institutional study with 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Smith Timothy L. , Kern Robert , Palmer James N. , Schlosser Rodney , Chandra Rakesh K. , Chiu Alexander G. , Conley David , Mace Jess C. , Fu Rongwei F. , Stankiewicz James 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:This study evaluated 1‐year outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who were considered surgical candidates by study criteria and elected either medical management or endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). In addition, some patients initially enrolled in the medical treatment arm crossed over to the surgery arm during the study period and their respective outcomes are evaluated.Methods:Adult subjects with CRS who failed initial medical therapy were prospectively enrolled into a nonrandomized, multi‐institutional cohort. Subjects were included in 1 of 3 cohorts: medically managed, surgically managed, or crossover (from medical to surgical). The primary outcome measure was disease‐specific quality‐of‐life (QOL). Bivariate and multivariate analyses compared QOL improvement between cohort groups.Results:Baseline comorbidity, QOL, and other disease severity measures were not different between the 3 cohorts. With 1‐year follow up, surgical patients (n = 65) reported significantly more improvement than medically managed patients (n = 33; Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI), p = 0.039; Chronic Sinusitis Survey (CSS), p = 0.018). Seventeen subjects who had initially elected medical management crossed over to surgery during the follow‐up period. QOL in the crossover cohort was initially stagnant or worsening followed by improvement after ESS (RSDI, p = 0.035; CSS, p = 0.070). At 1‐year follow‐up, higher frequency of improvement was found in the surgical cohort vs medical cohort for several outcomes (total CSS: 70.8% vs 45.5%; odds ratio [OR], 3.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27‐8.90; p = 0.014).Conclusion:With 1 year of follow‐up, patients electing ESS experienced significantly higher levels of improvement in outcomes compared to patients managed by medication alone. In addition, a crossover cohort who initially elected medical management experienced improvement in several outcomes after crossing over to ESS. © 2013 ARS–AAOA, LLC.
Iodoform‐mediated free radical emulsion polymerization of chloroprene
Authors: Gu Juming , Yan Xinhua , Fu Zhifeng , Yang Wantai , Shi Yan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe free radical emulsion polymerization of chloroprene (CP) is carried out at 9°C using different amounts of iodoform as the chain transfer agent. The molecular weight of polychloroprene (PCP) can be regulated effectively by CHI3. PCP suitable for use as an adhesive is obtained with 0.22–0.28 wt % CHI3 and reaches even higher monomer conversion than when mercaptan is used as the chain transfer agent. The emulsion polymerization of CP with high amounts of CHI3 (1.0–3.0 wt %) proceeds in a living polymerization manner. The molecular weight increases in proportion to the monomer conversion in the range of the whole polymerization process even up to very high monomer conversion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Evaluation of the processability of boron‐containing organosilazane polymers based on shear rheology
Authors: Ouyang Ting , Gottardo Laura , Bernard Samuel , Chiriac Rodica , Balan Corneliu , Miele Philippe 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe shear rheology of boron‐containing organosilazane polymers has been investigated in detail with a double objective. The first objective was to evaluate their processability to form fibers by melt‐spinning, and the second objective was to predict their molecular structure. We focused on a representative type of boron‐containing organosilazane polymers called boron‐modified polysilazanes (BmPSs) with the ideal structure [B(C2H4SiCH3NCH3)3]n (C2H4 = CHCH3, CH2CH2). Characterization tools showed that their viscous and elastic properties are strongly affected by molecular parameters fixed during synthesis and in particular by the methylamine (MA) : tris(dichlorosilylethyl)borane (TDSB) molar ratio imposed during their synthesis. In the spinning domain, the frequency dependences of the storage and loss moduli showed that the prerequisite conditions for obtaining polymer fibers are fulfilled with samples having 9.0 ≤ MA : TDSB molar ratios ≤ 9.7. However, the presence of thickening in the computed extensional viscosity function and the loss of cohesion of filament derived from samples with MA : TDSB ratio > 9.2 during drawing put in evidence the best potential of polymers with 9 ≤ MA : TDSB ratio ≤ 9.2 to generate fine‐diameter solid filaments in a stable process. Based on rheological tests, the molecular structure of BmPSs has been tentatively predicted in relation with the MA : TDSB ratio. The increase of the latter favored the disentanglement of the polymer framework, and we postulated that it lowered the molecular weight. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Variable chain conformations of renatured β‐glucan in dimethylsulfoxide/water mixture
Authors: Liu Qingye , Xu Xiaojuan , Zhang Lina 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe have firstly demonstrated the renaturation process of dissociated single chains of lentinan (s‐LNT) and the variable conformations of the renatured LNT (r‐LNT). The results from ultrasensitive differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism revealed that the variable structures including perfect triple helix, defective triple helix containing duplex segment, and single chains occurred in the renaturation of s‐LNT, depending on the renaturation time, solvent composition, molecular weight, and the mode of renaturation. When water was added into s‐LNT/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to reach 95% (v/v), the classic low‐temperature intra‐triple‐helical conformational transition at ∼10°C (T1) appeared within 4 h, indicative of a rapid reconstruction of triple helical structure. Besides, one newly endothermic peak at ∼43°C (T2) simultaneously occurred, which was first ascribed to the melting of duplex segment in the imperfect triplex. The duplex stretches disappeared when DMSO reached 50%, in which single chains coexisted with triplex. Moreover, the duplex segment disappeared by slowly dropping water into s‐LNT/DMSO. This work suggested that the structure of r‐LNT could be controllable, and provided important information for their successful development and application in polymer and life science. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:988–997, 2012.
Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Recycling – Potentials and Prospects
Authors: Geißen Sven‐Uwe , Bennemann Helmut , Horn Harald , Krull Rainer , Neumann Stefan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDie Nutzung von Wasser im industriellen Bereich erfordert in den nächsten Jahrzehnten die Entwicklung innovativer Verfahren zum Wassermanagement, zur Wasserbehandlung und zum Wasserrecycling. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird der Ist‐Zustand in der Industrie anhand des Wasserbedarfs sowie dessen Entwicklung, der Prozessabwasserzeugung und ‐behandlung, der aktuellen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und der Kosten für die Aufbereitung aufgezeigt. Drei reale Fallbeispiele zeigen die technologischen Möglichkeiten, die zurzeit schon in industriellen Produktionsanlagen bestehen, um Abwasser nach der Aufbereitung in verschiedensten Qualitäten wieder in die Produktion zurückzuführen. Abschließend wird aufgezeigt, dass durch den globalen Wandel, aber auch durch die Entwicklung der Weißen Biotechnologie, mit neuartigen Prozesswässern gerechnet werden muss, die auch neue Behandlungsverfahren erfordern.
Association Between Tp‐e/QT Ratio and Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhao Xiangmei , Xie Zhouliang , Chu Yingjie , Yang Lei , Xu Wenkai , Yang Xianzhi , Liu Xiaoyu , Tian Lixiao 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:Both the Tpeak‐Tend interval (Tp‐e) and the Tp‐e/QT ratio have been linked to increased risk for arrhythmia. Patient Tp‐e/QT ratios were investigated prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Hypothesis:Tp‐e/QT ratio maybe asscioated with the prognosis in patients with ST‐segment elevation.Methods:A total of 338 patients (N = 338) with STEMI treated by pPCI were included. The Tp‐e and Tp‐e/QT ratio were determined using electrocardiograms in the subjects exhibiting ST‐segment elevation.Results:The Tp‐e/QT ratio was correlated with both short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that the optimal cutoff value for outcome prediction was a Tp‐e/QT ratio of 0.29. Of the 388 patients enrolled, 115 (34.0%) exhibited a Tp‐e/QT ratio ≥0.29. Patients with a Tp‐e/QT ratio ≥0.29 showed elevated rates of both in‐hospital death (21.9% vs 2.3%; P < 0.001) and main adverse cardiac events (MACE) (48.1% vs 15.3%; P < 0.005). After discharge, Tp‐e/QT ratios ≥0.29 remained an independent predictor of all‐cause death (35.5% vs 5.2%, P < 0.001) and cardiac death (32.3% vs 2.6%, P < 0.001).Conclusions:The Tp‐e/QT ratio may serve as a prognostic predictor of adverse outcomes after successful pPCI treatment in STEMI patients. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 doi: 10.1002/clc.22022This work was supported by grants from the Henan Provincial People's Hospital. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Frequency of mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor gene (MET) and the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PIK3CA) copy number elevation and correlation with outcome in patients with early stage breast cancer
Authors: Gonzalez‐Angulo Ana M. , Chen Huiqin , Karuturi Meghan S. , Chavez‐MacGregor Mariana , Tsavachidis Spyrus , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Do Kim‐Anh , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Thompson Patricia A. , Mills Gordon B. , Bondy Melissa L. , Blumenschein George R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was conducted to determine the frequency and association between recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and MET and catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PIK3CA) copy number elevations in patients with early stage breast cancer.METHODS:Tumor DNA was extracted from 971 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded early breast cancers for molecular inversion probes arrays. Data were segmented using the single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐FASST2 segmentation algorithm. Copy number gains were called when the copy number of each segment was greater than 2.3 or 1.7, respectively. RFS was estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to determine independent associations between copy number and RFS.RESULTS:Of the 971 tumors studied, 82 (8.44%) and 134 (13.8%) had an elevation of the MET or PIK3CA copy number, respectively, and 25.6% of tumors with a MET copy number elevation had a PIK3CA copy number elevation. Patients with either a MET or PI3KCA high copy number tended to have poorer prognostic features (larger tumor size, higher tumor grade, and hormone receptor negativity). Both MET and PIK3CA high copy numbers were more likely to occur in patients with triple receptor‐negative disease (P = .019 and P < .001, respectively). At a median follow‐up of 7.4 years, there were 252 cases of disease recurrence. The 5‐year RFS rates were 63.5% and 83.1% for MET high copy number and MET normal/low copy number, respectively (P = .06) and 73.1%, and 82.3% for PIK3CA high copy number and PIK3CA normal/low copy number, respectively (P = .15). A high copy number for either gene was not found to be an independent predictor of RFS.CONCLUSIONS:A high copy number of MET or PIK3CA was found to be associated with poorer prognostic features and triple receptor‐negative disease. Coamplification was frequent. Patients with tumors with high MET copy numbers tended to have a worse RFS. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Who should be included in a clinical trial of screening for bladder cancer?
Authors: Vickers Andrew J. , Bennette Caroline , Kibel Adam S. , Black Amanda , Izmirlian Grant , Stephenson Andrew J. , Bochner Bernard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Because of its relatively low incidence, bladder cancer screening might have a better ratio of benefits to harms if it is restricted to a high‐risk population. Data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial were used and simple decision analytic techniques were applied to compare different eligibility criteria for a screening trial.METHODS:For a variety of possible eligibility criteria, the percentage of the population aged 55 years to 74 years and classified as being at high risk for developing invasive or high‐grade carcinoma, and therefore likely to benefit from screening, was calculated. Regression models were used to calculate a risk score based on age, sex, smoking history, and family history of bladder cancer. The reduction in cases was calculated given hypothetical risk reductions associated with screening. The trade‐off between patients screened and tumors avoided was calculated as a net benefit.RESULTS:The 5‐year probability of being diagnosed with invasive bladder cancer was 0.24%. Using a risk score > 6 or > 8 as the eligibility criterion for a trial was generally superior to including all older adults. In a typical scenario, a risk score > 6 would result in approximately 25% of the population being screened to prevent 57 invasive or high‐grade bladder cancers per 100,000 population; screening the entire population would prevent only an additional 38 cases.CONCLUSIONS:Screening for bladder cancer can be optimized by restricting it to a subgroup of patients considered to be at elevated risk. Different eligibility criteria for a screening trial can be compared rationally using decision‐analytic techniques. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.