bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education and Recognition of Professional Qualifications in the Field of Medical Biochemistry in Serbia
Authors: Majkić-Singh Nada 
Published: May 2011

Education and Recognition of Professional Qualifications in the Field of Medical Biochemistry in Serbia
Medical biochemistry is the usual name for clinical biochemistry or clinical chemistry in Serbia, and medical biochemist is the official name for the clinical chemist (or clinical biochemist). This is the largest sub-discipline of the laboratory medicine in Serbia. It includes all aspects of clinical chemistry, and also laboratory hematology with coagulation, immunology, etc. Medical biochemistry laboratories in Serbia and medical biochemists as a profession are part of Health Care System and their activities are regulated through: the Health Care Law and rules issued by the Chamber of Medical Biochemists of Serbia. The first continuous and organized education for Medical Biochemists (Clinical Chemists) in Serbia dates from 1945, when the Department of Medical Biochemistry was established at the Pharmaceutical Faculty in Belgrade. In 1987 at the same Faculty a five years undergraduate branch was established, educating Medical Biochemists under a special program. Since school-year 2006/2007 the new five year undergraduate (according to Bologna Declaration) and postgraduate program of four-year specialization according to EC4 European Syllabus for Post-Gradate Training in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine has been established. The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health accredits the programs. There are four requirements for practicing medical biochemistry in the Health Care System: University Diploma of the Faculty of Pharmacy (Study of Medical Biochemistry), successful completion of the profession exam at the Ministry of Health after completion of one additional year of obligatory practical training in the medical biochemistry laboratories, membership in the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists and licence for skilled work issued by the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists. The process of recognition of a foreign higher education document for field of medical biochemistry is initiated on request by Candidate. The process of recognition of foreign higher education documents is performed by the University. In the process of recognition in Serbia national legislations are applied as well as international legal documents of varying legal importance.
Lean Six Sigma Sample Analysis Process in a Microbiology Laboratory
Authors: Stoiljković Vojislav , Trajković Jasmina , Stoiljković Bratislav 
Published: May 2011

Lean Six Sigma Sample Analysis Process in a Microbiology Laboratory
Faced with shrinking budgets, growing volumes, and personnel shortages, clinical laboratories are increasingly moving to automation to maximize output and efficiency. The best tool for improvement is the Lean Six Sigma concept. The concept reaps the full benefits of automation. A Lean process in a laboratory is focused on testing products and materials to deliver results in the most efficient way in terms of cost, speed, or both. The goal of a Lean laboratory is to use less effort, less resources and less time to test incoming samples. On the other hand, the Six Sigma concept provides process workflow and products/services without defects. The Lean Six Sigma approach analyzes laboratory workflow to help identify inefficiencies and uncover opportunities to free capacity, reduce turnaround time and lower costs. The assessment examines the end-to-end process looking closely at workflow as well as overall laboratory efficiency. The proven techniques of Lean and Six Sigma enhance productivity in the laboratory environment and ensure the best outcomes. This article analyzes a particular process, defines the approach, and gives a review of results obtained by deployment of the Lean Six Sigma concept. The article discusses a sample analysis process in a microbiology laboratory. A traditional process that applies standard analysis methods has a number of non-value-added activities, takes too much time, and has opportunities for defects. By mapping an existing process using a SIPOC model, 12 activities were identified. With the use of Lean tools four non-value-adding activities, which are not needed if a new system is used, were identified. Six activities had opportunities for improvement in terms of significant reduction in process time, and saving resources. Only two activities in the existing traditional process, with the use of standard analysis methods were optimally solved, and this did not require redesign or removal. The application of Lean Six Sigma concepts and automated analysis systems on a new process led to only nine activities in the process that now takes much less time and uses less resources. This article presents a description of the main principles, practices, and methods used in Lean and Six Sigma. The Lean tools particularly discussed here are 5s and spaghetti diagram. For Six Sigma, DMAIC methodology is used, and a review of applied quality tools for certain process improvement phases is given.
Biology of generative reproduction of Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. from King George Island, South Shetland Islands
Authors: Giełwanowska Irena , Bochenek Anna , Gojło Ewa , Görecki Ryszard , Kellmann Wioleta , Pastorczyk Marta , Szczuka Ewa 
Published: May 2011

Biology of generative reproduction of Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. from King George Island, South Shetland Islands
Our macroscopic observations and microscopic studies conducted by means of a light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) concerning the re-production biology of Colobanthus quitensis (Caryophyllaceae) growing in natural conditions in the Antarctic and in a greenhouse in Olsztyn (northern Poland) showed that this plant develops two types of bisexual flowers: opening, chasmogamous flowers and closed, cleistogamous ones. Cleistogamy was caused by a low temperature, high air humidity and strong wind. A small number of microspores differentiated in the microsporangia of C. quitensis, which is typical of cleistogamous species. Microsporocytes, and later microspores, formed very thick callose walls. More than twenty spheroidal, polypantoporate pollen grains differentiated in the microsporangium. They germinated on the surface of receptive cells on the dry stigma of the gynoecium or inside the microsporangium. A monosporic embryo sac of the Polygonum type differentiated in the crassinucellar ovule. During this differentiation the nucellus tissue formed and stored reserve materials. In the development of generative cells, a male germ unit (MGU) with differentiated sperm cells was observed. The smaller cell contained mainly mitochondria, and the bigger one plastids. In the process of fertilization in C. quitensis only one nucleus of the sperm cell, without cytoplasm fragments, entered the egg cell, and the proembryo developed according to the Caryophyllad type. Almost all C. quitensis ovules developed and formed perispermic seeds with a completely differentiated embryo both under natural conditions in the Antarctic and in a green-house in Olsztyn.
Neither the Internist Nor the Internet: Use of and Trust in Health Information Sources by People with Schizophrenia
Authors: Maguire Paul A. , Reay Rebecca E. , Looi Jeffrey C.L. , Cubis Jeff , Byrne Gerard J. , Raphael Beverley 
Published: May 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore health information sources accessed by people with schizophrenia and the level of trust invested in them. Method: A cross-sectional survey was performed comparing the responses of 71 adults with schizophrenia (recruited from both community and inpatient settings) with 238 general practice attendees on their use of television, radio, the Internet, newspapers, magazines, family and friends, and doctor to obtain information on health matters, and their levels of trust in these sources. Results: People with schizophrenia most commonly reported using a doctor, family and friends, and television to obtain information on health matters. However, compared with general practice attendees, they gained less health information from doctors and the Internet, and had less trust in doctors. Within-group analysis revealed that in people with schizophrenia: living alone increased the likelihood of obtaining health information from television; a higher level of education increased the odds of trusting the Internet as a health information source; a higher estimated household income was associated with an increased likelihood of trusting newspapers; and women with schizophrenia were considerably more likely than men with schizophrenia to trust family and friends as providers of health information. For both groups, there were significant positive correlations between the amount of health information obtained from a given information source and the level of trust invested in it. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the reported utilization and trust of health information sources between people with schizophrenia and attendees at general practice settings. Those with schizophrenia are less likely to trust and obtain information from a doctor, and less likely to access the Internet. Further research is required to explore this disparity. This is critical given the high rates of comorbid physical illness and reduced longevity in people suffering from schizophrenia.
En relisant Une journée d'Ivan Denissovitch trente ans après
Authors: Sémon Marie 
Published: May 2011

Перечитывая повесть Солженицына
Один день Ивана Денисовича тридцать лет спустя

Восприятие художественного произведения со временем меняется. М. В. Семон в своей краткой статье «Перечитывая повесть Солженицына Один день Ивана Денисовича тридцать лет спустя» напоминает, что на Западе эта вещь произвела прежде всего политический шок, от которого затмевались ее художественные качества и философское значение. Кроме того, в 1962 году западный читатель, владеющий русским языком, едва ли был знаком с чудовищными идиолектами, возникшими от столь же чудовищной для него, ужасающей реальности концлагерей, которые использует писатель в своем рассказе. Эта «фантастичность» языка, как и того, что он описывает, со временем стерлась и превратилась в особый литературный жанр — в сказку, где зло и добро, уродство и красота борются, где человек становится волком или богатырем. М. В. Семон пытается показать художественные качества этой жестокой и прекрасной сказки. Она изучает в ней и своеобразную музыку, в которой слышится голос глубинной России, и прекрасные, постоянно меняющиеся освещения, на которых основывается структура этой поэтической прозы. А, главное, автор статьи выявляет духовное значение этой художественной символики. Гармония и свет, преображающие всю повесть о том, как человек среди страшных испытаний становится человеком, происходят от тех, кто смотрит на этот изуродованный «мир Божий», т.е. от праведников. Русскость рассказа углубляется до размеров универсального. Он тем самым становится шедевром. Тут, поистине, красота, во всех значениях этого понятия, побеждает — и «спасает мир».
La poésie d'Antun Branko Šimić et l'introduction de l'espace du corps dans la poésie croate
Authors: Kozul Mladen 
Published: May 2011

The poetry A. B. Šimić : the bringing of the body into croatian literature

The modernity of Croatian literature at the beginning of the twentieth century, wrongly interpreted as the sign of a favorable cultural context, coincides, on the contrary, with tragic lifes of many, often most brilliant authors. Their modernity arises from the contradictory and multifaceted relations between their texts and social and historical context of their writing.
Dead at the age of 27, A. B. Šimić, an exceptional poet, displaces the decomposition of his own body by turning it into the principle of textual organisations of the poem. Starting from 1917, the body becomes a thematic obsession of his poetry. Gradually, and through systematic use of blank verse, Šimić abandons the traditional metrical scheme and represente the decomposition of the body by particular graphie disposition of his verse: the theme of the decomposing body organises the body of the poem. The form of the poem becomes the embodiment of poetic principles.
The white of the page, which corrodes the graphie form of the poem, includes the paratext into the significance of the poem and provides it with the circumstantial meaning. Since the decomposition of the body is represented in his later poetry (1920-1925) in relation to social misery, Šimić is the first Croatian poet to in-corporate social and political criticism into the organisation of the poetic text itself.
«Подпольные» элементы в Москве-Петушках Венедикта Ерофеева
Authors: Martin David 
Published: May 2011

Éléments «souterrains dans Moskva-Petuški de Venedikt Erofeev

Cette étude a pour but de présenter une interprétation globale de Moskva-Petuški de V. Erofeev (1973), par contraste avec les études critiques déjà existantes qui se sont concentrées sur l'identification des nombreuses allusions littéraires et culturelles qui s'y trouvent.
Le héros-narrateur de Erofeev, qui rejette l'Europe occidentale et est rejeté par elle, est un étranger à la société symbolisée par le Kremilin où, ivre, seul, il s'endort dans l'entrée d'une maison, est expulsé d'un restaurant et crache sur les marches de la promotion sociale. Son expérience et son jugement des deux principaux systèmes politiques européens du XXe siècle reflètent les idées qui sous-tendent non seulement les descriptions de Paris et de Londres que donne Dostoevskij dans Zimnie zametki о letnix vpečatlenijax (1864), mais aussi la critique de la théorie sociale présentée par « l'homme du souterrain » dans Zapiski iz podpoľja (1864).
La contradiction apparente dans l'hostilité manifestée par Dostoevskij envers le capitalisme et le socialisme s'explique par son refus de l'éthique athée qu'ils ont en commun, et tout le monde sait que, dans Zapiski iz podpoľja il avait voulu démontrer « la nécessité de la foi et du Christ », ce qu'il n'a pas accompli, surtout en raison de l'intervention du censeur. Toutefois, tandis que le « héros souterrain » de Dostoevskij méprise les affaires du monde pour ne rien faire de plus noble que de boire du thé, le Venička ď Erofeev les rejette pour boire énormément de vodka et se vouer à la contemplation philosophique de la crise de hoquet que cela lui donne : le fait que l'homme qui hoqueté n'est pas capable de prédire le moment où il va hoqueter de nouveau prouve la nécessité de l'humilité et de la foi dans la Providence divine. Ainsi Erofeev mène à terme la structure philosophique initiée par Dostoevskij cent ans plus tôt.
Petruška, spectacle populaire de marionnettes
Authors: Nekrylova Anna F. 
Published: May 2011

Русский народный кукольный театр Петрушка

В статье речь идет о популярном в дореволюционной России кукольном представлении — народной уличной комедии с главным героем — Петрушкой.
Традиционный перчаточный театр — своеобразное явление, возникшее на определенном этапе развития культуры; как явление, обладающее собственной структурой, художественным языком; развивающееся по своим внутренним законам и функционирующее как сложная система, типологически отличная от привычной нам профессиональной культуры нового времени. Фольклорная петрушечная комедия в определенном смысле слова есть продукт мифологического сознания, что раскрытие ее глубинной семантики возможно только при включении комедии в сложный универсум народных представлений и идеалов, т.е. в широкий контекст фольклорной культуры, где архаика — вечное и продуктивное начало, где новые смыслы возникают не на почве отрицания и полного разрушения старого мировоззрения, а в результате развития, преемственности древних представлений.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Rhododendron ferrugineum (Ericaceae) using pyrosequencing technology
Authors: Delmas Chloé E. L. , Lhuillier Emeline , Pornon André , Escaravage Nathalie 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Rhododendron ferrugineum (Ericaceae) to evaluate genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and mating system of this self‐compatible species.• Methods and Results: The new‐generation 454 FLX Titanium pyrosequencing technology was used to isolate 102 novel microsatellite loci. Two multiplex PCR sets were optimized to genotype nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. The level of genetic diversity was assessed in two populations from the Pyrenees (France). The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.5 to 7. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 0.76 and from 0.03 to 0.66, respectively. Cross‐species amplification was successful for 13 other Rhododendron species and two additional genera of Ericaceae, with an average of seven pairs of primers amplifying per species.• Conclusions: These markers will facilitate further studies on the evolutionary history of the large Ericaceae family and Rhododendron in particular.
Long-Term Remission of Recurrent Herpes Labialis following Topical Imiquimod Application on Distant Healthy Skin: A Clinical and Immunological Study
Authors: Tsambaos Dionysios , Rodi Maria , Pasmatzi Efi , Monastirli Alexandra , Papadaki Helen , Mouzaki Athanasia 
Published: May 2011

Background Given the limitations of current antiviral therapies, safer and more effective approaches to the management of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) are needed. Methods A patient with a 23-year history of RHL and 14 healthy individuals were studied. The patient applied imiquimod to distant healthy skin for 3 weeks. Peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from the patient during treatment and 21 months after its discontinuation; samples were collected from the controls once. The distribution of lymphocyte populations in PB were analysed by flow cytometry and PB cytokine levels were measured using cytometric bead arrays. Results The patient showed long-term remission of the disorder subsequent to a 3-week imiquimod application to distant healthy skin. Imiquimod treatment induced the activation and proliferation of T-helper and cytotoxic T-cells, B-cells and T-regulatory cells. In addition, there was a very strong transient increase of T-helper 1 cells (resulting in interferon-γ secretion) and type 1 (pro- inflammatory) polarization of the immune response accompanied by a sustainable interferon-α production. At follow-up 21 months after treatment cessation, with the patient remaining relapse-free, the patient had control levels of all cytokines, increased levels of activated cytotoxic T-cells, continuous production of new T-helper cells and B-cells and near-to-normal levels of T-regulatory cells. Conclusions Our results indicate that topical application of imiquimod to healthy skin is capable of causing systemic immunomodulation. This treatment might represent a new and effective alternative to established therapeutic and prophylactic regimens for RHL.
Ce que les successeurs familiaux devraient faire
Authors: Martin Sylvain 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Ce texte propose une réflexion sur le cas L’héritage de Gaston , qui décrit une dynamique familiale au moment du passage de la première à la deuxième génération de dirigeants et de propriétaires. Le cas montre que la réussite d’une relève au sein des entreprises familiales repose sur des préalables qui devraient être au cœur d’une formation préparatoire ou faire l’objet d’un accompagnement auprès des successeurs. Plus précisément, l’auteur propose sept conseils clés à l’intention des successeurs : valider à l’externe le projet de reprise d’entreprise; effectuer un diagnostic rigoureux de l’entreprise; faire vérifier et comprendre la valeur de l’entreprise; savoir chercher le financement de l’achat d’une entreprise; se familiariser aves l’aspect juridique d’une transaction de reprise d’entreprise; bien communiquer le transfert de direction de l’entreprise tant à l’interne qu’à l’externe; enfin, planifier le départ du dirigeant précédent.
Les facteurs clés de la réussite des successions au sein des entreprises familiales
Authors: Le Breton-Miller Isabelle 
Published: May 2011

Résumé La gestion d’une succession au sein d’une entreprise familiale représente un défi de taille. Des études indiquent que la majorité des entreprises familiales ne survivent pas à une succession, et encore moins à deux successions. Nous basant sur une synthèse de la documentation et sur notre expérience, nous expliquons dans cet article pourquoi les successions dans les entreprises familiales sont si complexes. Ensuite, nous décrivons les trois facteurs qu’il faut prendre en compte pour optimiser le succès d’une succession au sein des organisations familiales, à savoir les caractéristiques des principaux acteurs engagés dans la succession, soit le dirigeant sortant et les successeurs potentiels; les éléments liés au contexte de la succession, incluant les caractéristiques de l’industrie ou du secteur d’activité, de l’entreprise, le contexte familial et social; et les éléments du processus de succession, qui comprend les étapes suivantes : l’établissement des règles de base, la préparation des successeurs, le choix des successeurs, le transfert de direction, le transfert de propriété ainsi que l’évaluation et l’adaptation de la succession. Finalement, nous proposons une série de questions clés que les dirigeants, les conseils d’administration et les conseillers gagneraient à se poser avant, pendant et après une succession dans une entreprise familiale afin d’en assurer la réussite.
Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Following Nd:YAG Laser Membranotomy in Valsalva Retinopathy
Authors: Goel Neha , Kumar Vinod , Seth Anisha , Raina Usha Kaul , Ghosh Basudeb 
Published: May 2011

Background and Objective:
To describe spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings following Nd:YAG laser membranotomy in premacular hemorrhage due to Valsalva retinopathy.

Patients and Methods:
Interventional case series of 7 eyes with premacular hemorrhage due to Valsalva retinopathy. Best-corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCVA) and color fundus photography were obtained before and after the laser treatment. SD-OCT scans were obtained at 1, 3, and 6 months following treatment.

Results:
SD-OCT revealed a convex dome-shaped cavity lined by a hyperreflective layer in all cases, which persisted until the end of follow-up. Two patients complained of metamorphopsia, although BCVA improved dramatically in all cases. The site of laser puncture was visible in 2 patients. No abnormality was detected in the underlying retinal layers.

Conclusion:
SD-OCT reveals formation of a premacular cavity following laser puncture for premacular hemorrhage in Valsalva retinopathy, which may persist despite successful drainage of blood. This may later result in metamorphopsia in certain patients.