bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal Prostaglandins and Other Eicosanoids
Authors: Conrad Kirk P. , Dunn Michael J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:BiochemistryEicosanoid SynthesisEicosanoid DegradationLipoxygenase and Epoxygenase Derivatives of Arachidonic AcidSites of Renal Eicosanoid SynthesisMechanism of Peptide Hormone Stimulation of Eicosanoid SynthesisEicosanoid Receptors and Mechanism of Action of EicosanoidsProstaglandin Excretion and SecretionInfluence of Prostaglandins on Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration RateAdministration of Prostaglandins and Their PrecursorsInfluence of Cyclooxygenase Inhibition on Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular FiltrationRole of Prostaglandins in Renal Autoregulation and Tubuloglomerular FeedbackHormonal Stimulation of Renal Prostaglandin SynthesisPeptide Hormones and Prostaglandin Interactions in the Control of Renal Blood FlowSome Conditions in Which Prostaglandins Exert an Important Vasodilatory ActionSummary: Prostaglandins and Renal HemodynamicsProstaglandins and Renal Water ExcretionCapacity of Renal Prostaglandins to Modulate Water Excretion in the Presence of VasopressinCapacity of Renal Prostaglandins to Modulate Water Excretion When Vasopressin Is Absent or Severely ReducedVasopressin and Vasopressin Analogs Stimulate Prostaglandin Synthesis in the KidneyMechanisms by Which Prostaglandins Modulate Renal Water ExcretionProstaglandin Antagonism ofAVP‐Stimulated Water Flow: A Physiologic Phenomenon Mediated through the cyclic‐AMPSystem?Summary: Prostaglandins and Renal Water ExcretionStaglandins and Sodium ExcretionInfluence of Prostaglandins and Arachidonic Acid on Renal Sodium ExcretionCyclooxygenase Inhibition and Renal Sodium ExcretionEffect of Sodium Intake on Renal Prostaglandin Synthesis and ExcretionNephron Sites Where Prostaglandins Oppose Sodium AbsorptionSummary: Prostaglandins and Sodium ExcretionContribution of Prostaglandins to the Renal Release of ReninEffects of Exogenous Prostaglandins and Arachidonic Acid on Renal Renin ReleaseInfluence of Cyclooxygenase Inhibition on Renal Renin ReleaseRenin Release by the β‐Adrenergic, Renal Baroreceptor, and Macula Densa Mechanisms: Role of ProstaglandinsSummary: Prostaglandins and Renin ReleaseProstaglandins as Mediators of Erythropoietin ReleaseEffect of Prostaglandins on Tubular Transport of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium, and on Renal AmmoniagenesisCalciumPhosphateMagnesiumRenal Ammoniagenesis
The Physiology of Renal Magnesium Handling
Authors: Quamme Gary A. , Dirks John H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Glomerular FiltrationProximal Convoluted TubuleProximal Straight Tubule and Descending Limb of Henle's LoopAscending Limb of Henle's LoopDistal Convoluted TubuleCollecting Duct
Renal Excretion and Tubular Transport of Organic Anions and Cations
Authors: Roch‐Ramel Françoise , Besseghir Kamel , Murer Heini 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Organic AnionsIntroductionRenal Excretion and Tubular Transport of Organic AnionsMechanisms Involved in Tubular Transport of Organic AnionsConclusions on the Renal Transport of Organic AnionsOrganic CationsIntroductionRenal Excretion and Tubular Transport of Organic CationsMechanisms Involved in Tubular Transport of Organic CationsGeneral Conclusions
Renal Metabolism: Integrated Responses
Authors: Klahr Saulo , Hamm L. Lee , Hammerman Marc R. , Mandel Lazaro J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Methodological ConsiderationsCoupling of Metabolism to TransportOxidative vs. Glycolytic Metabolism in the Mammalian KidneyStoichiometry of Transepithelial Na+Transport toQO2Transport as the Pacemaker of RespirationControl of Transport by MetabolismMetabolic Substrate Utilization by the KidneyMetabolic Heterogeneity of the KidneyMetabolism of GlucoseLactate MetabolismPyruvate MetabolismRenal Lipid MetabolismAmino Acid MetabolismCitrate MetabolismKetone MetabolismSynthetic Functions of the KidneyGluconeogenesisAlanineSerineRenal Phospholipid MetabolismPhospholipid Composition of KidneyMetabolism of Specific Renal PhospholipidsMetabolism of Membrane Proteins in KidneyPhosphorylation of Membrane ProteinsADP‐Ribosylation
Regulation of Erythropoietin Production
Authors: Fisher James W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Physicochemical Properties of ErythropoietinAssay and Standardization of ErythropoietinModel for Kidney Production of ErythropoietinRenal Site of Production of ErythropoietinExtrarenal Erythropoietin ProductionSites of Action of ErythropoietinAnemia of Renal InsufficiencyErythropoietin and PolycythemiaPharmacological Agents that Influence Erythropoietin ProductionPharmacokinetics of ErythropoietinPotential Therapeutic uses of ErythropoietinSummary
Human Tolerance to Hot Climates
Authors: Lind A. R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Hot ClimatesPhysiological Factors affecting Heat ToleranceHuman Tolerance to Heat in Various OccupationsPrescriptive and Compensatory Zones of ClimatesFindings Pertinent to the Prescriptive and Compensatory Zones from Other StudiesIntolerable Zone of ClimatesConcluding Remarks
Hydrolytic Transformation of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Ecobichon D. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Ester HydrolysisOrganophosphorus TriestersPhosphorylphosphatases (Fluorophosphatases)ArylesterasesCarboxylesterasesCarboxyamidaseOther Hydrolytic MechanismsCarbamic Acid EstersPyrethyroid Ester InsecticidesHerbicide EstersPhthalic Acid Esters
Accumulation and Release of Chemicals by Adipose Tissue
Authors: Street J. C. , Sharma R. P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:General Pharmacodynamics of Environmental ChemicalsRates of Accumulation and Release for Different ChemicalsShort‐Lived ChemicalsLong‐Lived ChemicalsPhysiological Factors in Accumulation and Release of Chemicals by Adipose TissueAdipose Tissue Perfusion RatesAltered Adipose Tissue MassStatus of Drug‐Metabolizing EnzymesEffects of Stored Chemicals on Adipose Tissue Physiology
Quantitative Ultrastructure of Mammalian Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Eisenberg Brenda R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Physiological FunctionsExcitation‐Contraction CouplingContractile SystemMetabolic SystemsOther SystemsMethods of ObservationSelection of Muscle for Morphometric AnalysisElectron MicroscopyStereological AnalysisMorphometric ResultsMembrane SystemsContractile SystemsMetabolic SystemsMuscle Fiber DiversityContractile and Metabolic SystemsMetabolic andECCoupling SystemsContractile andECCoupling SystemsMuscle Fiber Plasticity
Pharmacological Investigations of Excitation‐Contraction Coupling
Authors: Caputo Carlo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Excitation‐Contraction Coupling PhenomenaActive StateRegulation of Calcium ReleaseMechanically Effective PeriodContractile ThresholdPotassium ContractureTension Development With Voltage ClampCalcium IndicatorsCalcium‐Induced Calcium ReleaseDepolarization‐Induced Calcium ReleaseMembrane Potential Changes atSRLevelPharmacological and Experimental Modifications ofECCEffect of Extracellular CalciumEffect of Hypertonic SolutionsTransverse‐Tubule Disrupture (Glycerol Treatment)Effects of AnionsEffects of CationsDrugs That Activate or Potentiate ContractionDrugs That Depress ContractionOther Treatment
Maintenance and Regulation in Brain of Neurotransmission, Trophic Factors, and Immune Responses
Authors: Cotman Carl W. , Kahle Jennifer S. , Korotzer Andrew R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:The Imbalance Hypothesis of AgingNeurotransmitter SystemsGlutamate ReceptorsGABAReceptorsSummaryNeurotrophic FactorsNerve Growth FactorFibroblast Growth FactorCytokines as Neurotrophic FactorsThe Immune System in theCNSThe Immune System and Alzheimer's DiseaseCytokines and the Immune SystemSummary and Conclusions
Cardiovascular System
Authors: Lakatta Edward G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Cardiovascular Structure in Younger and Older HumansArterial Structure and Mechanical PropertiesCardiac StructureVentricular–Vascular CouplingMyocardial and Cardiac Pump Function at RestIntegrated Regulation of Cardiac FunctionCardiac Filling (Diastolic) PropertiesCardiac Volumes and Ejection FractionMyocardial Contractile PropertiesHeart Rate and RhythmCardiac OutputCardiovascular ReservePostural ReflexesIsometric ExerciseDynamic ExerciseSympathetic Modulation of Cardiovascular FunctionIntact OrganismsCardiovascular Target Organ Response to β‐Adrenergic Stimulation with AgingIsolated Tissue or CellsParasympathetic Modulation of Cardiovascular FunctionCardiovascular Structure and Function in Younger and Older AnimalsCardiac StructureMyocardial StiffnessRegulation of the Cardiac ContractionSimilar Effects of Aging and Experimental Pressure Overload on Cardiac Regulatory Mechanisms and Gene ExpressionPossible Mechanisms of Altered Cardiac Gene Regulation with AgingResponse of Older Rat Heart to Chronic Hemodynamic OverloadCoronary Blood Flow, Oxygen Consumption, and Oxidative MetabolismEffect of Chronic Physical Conditioning on Cardiovascular Performance in Older Humans and AnimalsStudies in HumansStudies in RodentsSummary
Loss of Integration and Resiliency with Age: A Dissipative Destruction
Authors: Yates F. Eugene , Benton Laurel A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:SenescenceModels in ScienceSenescence Is Not the Same as AgingWhat Senesces?System Death or Component DeathRegular PhenomenaIncreases in Regularity with SenescenceRegularity of a Variable's Time HistoryPhysical Background of SenescenceComplexityOrderVertical Integration (Hierarchy)Horizontal Integration (Heterarchy)CausalityStabilityEnergy vs. Entropy in Self‐OrganizationGeneral Principle of Homeodynamic SenescenceHomeodynamics Instead of HomeostasisIrreversibility and ConstraintsBiological Markers of AgeHomeodynamics and PredictabilitySpecifying the Homeodynamic ConstructFluctuations and ChanceCounterintuitive Effects of Clamping a Homeodynamic SystemEnvironmental PotentialsClampingRedefinition of SenescenceEscape from Senescence‐Induced Fatal Failures by Re‐InitializationSummary of Characteristics of Senescence as Homeodynamic InstabilityAspects of SenescenceAspect TheoriesGeneralizations from Aspect TheoriesWear‐and‐Tear RevisitedReliability Theory for MachinesHuman Senescence as Dissipative DestructionComponent Failure–Cell Culture SenescenceDissipative Destruction as Basis of Gompertz Mortality KineticsSummary
Postural Orientation and Equilibrium
Authors: Horak Fay B. , Macpherson Jane M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Neural Control of Postural Orientation and EquilibriumBehavioral GoalsBiomechanical PrinciplesPostural StrategiesPostural OrientationStiffness and Tonic Muscle ActivationControlling Postural OrientationInternal Representation of Postural OrientationCoordination of Postural EquilibriumTriggered Reactions to External DisturbancesAnticipatory Postural Adjustments for Voluntary MovementModeling of Postural CoordinationSensory Control of Postural Orientation and EquilibriumSensory IntegrationSomatosensory SystemVestibular SystemVisual SystemCentral Neural Control of PostureSpinal Cord and BrainstemBasal GangliaCerebellumCerebral CortexConcluding Remarks
Biomechanical Insights into Neural Control of Movement
Authors: Zernicke Ronald F. , Smith Judith L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Analytical Techniques and TermsBiomechanics TerminologyDynamics VariablesSingle vs. Multiple Degrees of FreedomFree‐Body DiagramDynamics TechniquesInsights from Inverse DynamicsEquations of MotionAnthropometric DataPredictions Using an Inverse Dynamics ModelControl of Different Locomotion FormsSwing‐Phase DynamicsStance‐Phase DynamicsInsights for Neural Control of LocomotionRole of Dynamics in the Control of Arm MovementsLimb Postural DynamicsIntersegmental Dynamics Change with PracticeChanges in Limb Dynamics During DevelopmentSpontaneous Kicking BehaviorsAcquisition of ReachingConcluding Remarks
Glucose Utilization
Authors: Richter Erik A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Molecular Basis for Glucose TransportFamily of Glucose TransportersTranslocation of Glucose TransportersIntrinsic ActivityFiber‐Type Specific Expression ofGLUT4Role of Glut4 in Contraction‐Induced Skeletal Muscle Glucose TransportSignaling Mechanisms Involved in Contraction‐Induced Increase in Glucose TransportRegulation of Glucose Utilization in VivoGlucose SupplyMembrane Glucose Transport CapacityGlucose MetabolismRegulation of Glucose Utilization at RestRegulation of Glucose Utilization During ExerciseEffect of Exercise IntensityEffect of Exercise DurationEffect of Exercise TypeAlternative SubstratesGlucose Utilization During Exercise in Adverse EnvironmentHumoral Regulation of Glucose Utilization During ExerciseEffect of Physical Training StatusExercise in States of Altered Glucose UtilizationRegulation of Glucose Utilization in the Postexercise StateMembrane Glucose Transport Capacity Induced by ContractionInsulin Sensitivity
Regulation of Extramuscular Fuel Sources During Exercise
Authors: Wasserman David H. , Cherrington Alan D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Fuel Requirements of the Working MuscleEffect of Exercise DurationEffect of Exercise IntensityExercise Responses of Hormones and Nerves Involved in Acute Metabolic RegulationInsulin ResponseGlucagon ResponseCatecholamine ResponsesExtramuscular Fuel SourcesNEFAMobilization from Adipose TissueBasic Mechanisms that InfluenceNEFAAvailabilityRegulatory FactorsHepatic Glucose ProductionExercise ResponseRegulation by the Endocrine PancreasRole of EpinephrineRole of Sympathetic Nerve Activity and NorepinephrineRole of CortisolRegulation during High‐Intensity ExerciseHepatic Fat Metabolism: Oxidation and Triglyceride SynthesisRegulation of KetogenesisTriglyceride SynthesisSplanchnic Bed Amino Acid MetabolismProtein BreakdownAmino Acids as a Carbon Source for Gluconeogenesis and OxidationUptake of Nitrogenous Compounds by the Splanchnic BedFate of Nitrogenous Compounds in the LiverGastrointestinal Tract as a Source of Glucose: Effect of Carbohydrate IngestionImportanceDeterminants of the Metabolic Availability of Ingested CarbohydratesEffect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Endogenous SubstratesTraining‐Induced Adaptations in Extramuscular Fuel MobilizationEndocrine Adaptations to Physical TrainingAdaptations of Extramuscular Fuel Sources to Physical TrainingSummary
Muscle Plasticity: Energy Demand and Supply Processes
Authors: Booth Frank W. , Baldwin Kenneth M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Goals and Fundamental ConceptsThe Concept of PlasticityThe Concept of Protein IsoformsThe Concept of Protein TurnoverOrganization of Muscle Cells into Functional Units Based on Patterns of Protein ExpressionCellular Processes Involved in Contraction and Relaxation: Role of Cross‐Bridge and Calcium Cycling IsoformsCellular Processes Involving Oxidative MetabolismCellular Processes Involving Anaerobic Metabolism and High‐Energy Phosphate BufferingInterrelationships in Cellular ProcessesOrganelle Plasticity in Response to InterventionsContractile MachineryMitochondria and Substrate Provision (Oxidative Processes)Glycogenolytic Activity and Glucose Transport for Anaerobic ProcessesFatty Acid Transfer and OxidationFiber‐Type PlasticityRegulatory FactorsExternal to the MuscleInternal to MuscleCunical Significance of Muscle PlasticitySummary
Adaptation and the Evolution of Physiological Characters
Authors: Bennett Albert F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:The Many Meanings of “Adaptation”Criticisms of Adaptive InterpretationsAlternatives to Adaptive ExplanationsHistorical InheritanceDevelopmental Pattern and ConstraintPhysical and Biomechanical CorrelationPhenotypic Size CorrelationGenetic CorrelationChance FixationStudying The Evolution of Physiological CharactersMacroevolutionary StudiesMicroevolutionary StudiesIncorporating an Evolutionary Perspective into Physiological Studies
Invertebrate Circulatory Systems
Authors: McMahon Brian R. , Wilkens Jerrel L. , Smith Peter J. S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Protozoa and ParazoaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNemerteansAnnelidsPolychaetes and OligochaetesHirudineaMolluscsHeart and Vascular PerformanceArthropods I: OnychophoransArthropodsII: CheliceratesLimulusScorpionsSpidersArthropodsIII: UniramiaMyriapodsChilopodsInsectsArthropodsIV: CrustaceansEchinodermsPogonophoraVestimentiferaHemichordatesUrochordatesCephalochordatesConclusion
Adaptations to Variations in Oxygen Tension by Vertebrates and Invertebrates
Authors: Lutz Peter L. , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Variations in Gas Tensions: Air and WaterOxygen and LifeRespiratory Adaptations: Air BreathersHigh AltitudeBorrowersBreath‐Hold DiversWater BreathersGas TensionsOpen OceanIntertidal and fresh WatersAnoxic SurvivalAnoxic Brain DeathAnoxic Brain SurvivalBiochemical AdaptationsTypes of Oxygen LimitationPatterns of Metabolic Responses to Reduced Oxygen AvailabilityAnaerobicATPProductionMetabolic Arrest
Membrane Transport in Single Cells
Authors: Jennings Michael L. , Milanick Mark A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Examples of Preparations of Single CellsLarge Cells that Can Be Studied IndividuallyBlood CellsCells Prepared by Dissociating Intact TissuePermanent Cell Lines and Expression SystemsMethods for Measuring TransportTracer Influx and Efflux: Definition of FluxDefinition of Permeability CoefficientUnstirred LayersMultiple Intracellular CompartmentsOptical Methods for Measuring TransportIon‐Sensitive MicroelectrodesMembrane PotentialNuclear Magnetic ResonanceTransport MechanismsRationale for Investigating Transport MechanismsCatalytic CyclesAnion ExchangerRed Blood Cell Anion TransportElectrically Silent Obligatory ExchangeKinetic Mechanism of Anion ExchangeIntrinsic AsymmetriesElectrical Properties of the Exchange PathwaySodium PumpElectrically Silent and Electrogenic Na Pump ModesPump StoichiometryKinetic Mechanism of the Na PumpElectrical Properties of the Na PumpSummary of Transport MechanismsIntegrative Transport Studies in Single Cells: Cell‐Volume RegulationPump‐Leak ParadigmVolume‐Sensitive Transport ProcessesDetection of Cell VolumeTransduction of Volume Signal to Transport Proteins
Intracellular pH
Authors: Putnam Robert W. , Roos Albert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:TechniquespH‐Sensitive MicroelectrodespH‐Sensitive Fluorescent IndicatorsNuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopySome Observations on Intracellular pH TransientsMechanisms of pH RegulationPhysicochemical BuffersMembrane Transport SystemsDeterminants of Steady‐State pHiSome Cellular Processes Affecting or Affected by pHiMetabolismCell‐Cell Coupling: Gap JunctionsDNASynthesis and Cell GrowthMembrane ChannelsCell‐Volume RegulationMitochondrial H+MovementsCytoskeletonEndocytosis/ExocytosisOther Cellular Processes
Principles of Cell Cycle Control
Authors: Norbury Chris 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:MitosisCdc2: The Archetypal Cyclin‐Dependent KinaseRegulation of Cdc2Substrates of Cdc2Induction of Chromatin CondensationControls Operating within M PhaseCyclin‐Dependent Kinases Other Than Cdc2G1Cell Cycle CommitmentMammalian Nonmitotic CyclinsCell Cycle Commitment and CancerCdk InhibitorsLinking Cell Cycle Commitment to S‐Phase EntryS Phase and G2Concluding Remarks
The quantifier complexity of polynomial‐size iterated definitions in first‐order logic
Authors: Buss Samuel R. , Johnson Alan S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe refine the constructions of Ferrante‐Rackoff and Solovay on iterated definitions in first‐order logic and their expressibility with polynomial size formulas. These constructions introduce additional quantifiers; however, we show that these extra quantifiers range over only finite sets and can be eliminated. We prove optimal upper and lower bounds on the quantifier complexity of polynomial size formulas obtained from the iterated definitions. In the quantifier‐free case and in the case of purely existential or universal quantifiers, we show that Ω(n/logn) quantifiers are necessary and sufficient. The last lower bounds are obtained with the aid of the Yao‐Håstad switching lemma (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multifunctional roles of gelsolin in health and diseases
Authors: Li Guo Hua , Arora Pamela D. , Chen Yu , McCulloch Christopher A. , Liu Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGelsolin, a Ca2+‐regulated actin filament severing, capping, and nucleating protein, is an ubiquitous, multifunctional regulator of cell structure and metabolism. More recent data show that gelsolin can act as a transcriptional cofactor in signal transduction and its own expression and function can be influenced by epigenetic changes. Here, we review the functions of the plasma and cytoplasmic forms of gelsolin, and their manifold impacts on cancer, apoptosis, infection and inflammation, cardiac injury, pulmonary diseases, and aging. An improved understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of gelsolin may lead to new considerations of this protein as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target.
Textured growth and microstructure of pulsed laser deposited Nb/Cr/SmCo5 hybrid structures
Authors: Schaarschuch R. , Reibold M. , Haindl S. , Neu V. , Thomas J. , Gemming T. , Oertel C.‐G. , Holzapfel B. , Schultz L. , Skrotzki W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHybrid structures based on superconducting Nb and highly coercive ferromagnetic SmCo5 films grown on MgO(100) substrates were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition under UHV conditions. Thin film architectures of SmCo5 on Nb and the reversed system both with and without Cr spacer layer between superconductor and ferromagnet were examined by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction concerning their microstructure and epitaxial relationship, respectively. For SmCo5 on Nb with thick intermediate Cr spacer the epitaxial relationship MgO(001)[100]//Cr(001)[110]//Nb(001)[110]//Cr(001)[110]//SmCo5(11 − 20)[0001]//Cr(001)[110] was found. With decreasing thickness of the Cr spacer layer the strength of the texture decreases and finally crystallinity of SmCo5 is lost. In the reversed layer system, Nb on Cr on SmCo5, with decreasing thickness of the Cr spacer layer the epitaxial relationships change from SmCo5(11 − 20)[0001]//Nb(001)[110] to local SmCo5(11 − 20) [0001]//Nb(110)[1 − 11] and the Nb texture changes from the (001)[110] component to a 〈110〉 fibre. The orientation relationships observed are discussed with regard to elastic strain energy minimization.
Impact of AlN seeding layer growth rate in MOVPE growth of semi‐polar gallium nitride structures on high index silicon
Authors: Ravash Roghaiyeh , Blaesing Juergen , Hempel Thomas , Noltemeyer Martin , Dadgar Armin , Christen Juergen , Krost Alois 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present metal organic vapor phase epitaxy growth of semi‐polar GaN structures on high index silicon surfaces. The crystallographic structure of GaN grown on Si(112), (115), and (117) substrates is investigated by X‐ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy. X‐ray diffraction was performed in Bragg Brentano geometry as well as pole figure measurements. The results demonstrate that the orientation of GaN crystallites on Si is significantly dependent on thickness of the AlN seeding layer and TMAl‐flow rate. We observe that the crystallographic structures of GaN by applying thin AlN seeding layers grown with high TMAl‐flow rate depend on Si surface direction while they are independent for thicker layers. By applying such seeding layer we obtain single crystalline semi‐polar GaN on Si(112), while GaN structures grown with the same growth parameters on Si(117) show four components of GaN(0002).