bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: the Kyoto experience
Authors: Takada Yasutsugu , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground/purposeThe results of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at Kyoto University were analyzed.MethodsBetween February 1999 and December 2006, 136 patients with HCC underwent LDLT. Of these, 74 patients met the Milan criteria, while 62 patients did not. Treatment for HCC had been previously performed prior to LDLT for 101 patients (74%).ResultsAccording to the results of multivariate analysis of risk factors for recurrence among preoperative tumor variables, we have defined new Kyoto criteria as ≤10 tumors all ≤5 cm in diameter and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II (PIVKA‐II) ≤400 mAU/ml. The 5‐year recurrence rate was significantly lower for the 85 patients who met the Kyoto criteria than for the 45 patients who exceeded them (3 vs. 54%,p < 0.0001). Similarly, patients who met the Kyoto criteria showed a significantly better 5‐year survival rate (87%) than those who did not (36%,p < 0.0001). Survival rates did not differ between pretreated and primary groups, and recurrence rates were similarly low when limited to patients who met the Kyoto criteria.ConclusionsThe proposed Kyoto criteria are expected to serve efficiently as expanded selection criteria for LDLT in patients with HCC. History of previous treatments did not affect outcomes after LDLT.
The Influence of an Adsorbate Layer on Adatom Diffusion and Island Nucleation: Fe on Si(111)-√3 x √3-Au
Authors: Paredis K , Smeets D , Vantomme A 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Using scanning tunneling microscopy, the influence of a thin Au layer on the diffusion of Fe adatoms and the subsequent island nucleation on a Si(111) surface is investigated. The adsorbate induces the"Equation missing"structure that increases the surface mobility of subsequently deposited Fe atoms, resulting in the formation well-defined nanoclusters. Surprisingly, the domain walls—inherent to the "Equation missing"reconstruction—do not influence the surface diffusion, which demonstrates that the passivation is of much more importance for the self-assembly than the surface corrugation. Using the decoupling of the diffusion and nucleationon the surface and the reactionwith the surface and conventional nucleation theory, the activation energy for surface diffusionE
d = 0.61 eV and the critical cluster sizei = 3 are determined, which reveal the microscopic details of the diffusion and nucleation processes.
A counterexample to generalizations of the Milnor-Bloch-Kato conjecture
Authors: Spiess Michael , Yamazaki Takao 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe construct an example of a torus T over a field K for which the Galois symbol K(K;T,T)/nK(K;T,T) → H2(K,T[n] ⊗ T[n]) is not injective for some n. Here K(K;T,T) is the Milnor K-group attached to T introduced by Somekawa. We show also that the motive M(T × T) gives a counterexample to another generalization of the Milnor-Bloch-Kato conjecture (proposed by Beilinson).
Vector Bundles and Gromov–Hausdorff Distance
Authors: Rieffel Marc A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe show how to make precise the vague idea that for compact metric spaces that are close together for Gromov–Hausdorff distance, suitable vector bundles on one metric space will have counterpart vector bundles on the other. Our approach employs the Lipschitz constants of projection-valued functions that determine vector bundles. We develop some computational techniques, and we illustrate our ideas with simple specific examples involving vector bundles on the circle, the two-torus, the two-sphere, and finite metric spaces. Our topic is motivated by statements concerning “monopole bundles” over matrix algebras in the literature of theoretical high-energy physics.
GENDER DIFFERENCES AS FACTORS IN SUCCESSFUL AGEING: A FOCUS ON SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
Authors: PARK SANG-MI , JANG SOONG-NANG , KIM DONG-HYUN 
Published: August 2009

SummaryOver the past century, the population of Korea has aged rapidly as a result of decreasing fertility and mortality. Furthermore, the percentage of the population aged 65 and older is expected to double from 7% to 14% within 18 years, a much shorter doubling period than in most other developed countries. As Korean society ages, interest in healthy and successful ageing has increased. However, although previous studies have examined various determinants of successful ageing, such as socioeconomic status, gender differences have been neglected. This study investigated gender differences as factors in successful ageing among elderly men and women. Successful ageing has been defined as having high levels of physical and social functioning. Physical functioning includes having no difficulties with activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Social functioning is defined as participation in at least one of the following social activities: paid work, religious gatherings or volunteer service. Data for this study were obtained from a representative sample of 761 community-living individuals aged 65–84 years (340 males, 421 females); the respondents were interviewed face-to-face as part of the third wave of the Hallym Ageing Study (2007). Socioeconomic status appears to have a greater gender-specific effect on physical functioning than on social functioning. Especially for elderly men, a higher monthly individual income was significantly related to a higher level of physical functioning. Among elderly women, a higher level of education was associated with a higher level of physical functioning. In a major metropolis, elderly men had low social functioning and elderly women had low physical functioning. As Korea's population ages, successful ageing has received much attention. This study shows that policies promoting successful ageing must consider gender differences and associated socioeconomic factors.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF NORWEGIAN MEN: INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL AND EARLY INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: KRISTENSEN PETTER , GRAVSETH HANS M. , BJERKEDAL TOR 
Published: August 2009

SummaryThe life course perspective in social inequalities in health research has resulted in an increased interest in status attainment processes. Adult status is commonly measured as occupational class, income level or educational attainment, and the latter was applied in this study. The study objective was to estimate the relative contribution of parental and early individual characteristics on educational attainment. The study population comprised all males born in Norway in 1967–1971, and alive at age 28 years (n=160,914). Data on social and biological variables were compiled from birth onwards in several national registers. Information on educational attainment at age 28 years was derived from Statistics Norway. Mean years of education was 12.62 years (SD 2.24). Educational attainment was strongly associated with general ability score at age 18 years and parental educational attainment. Parental income had more limited influence; all other early factors had only marginal effect. Path analysis results suggest that the direct effect of general ability was of the same size as the combined direct and indirect effect of parental education and income. The results suggest that status attainment in this young male population is mainly dependent on general ability and parental education level.
Institutions, Political Conflict and the Cohesion of Policy Networks in the Chilean Congress, 1961–2006
Authors: ALEMÁN EDUARDO 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper focuses on congressional politics in Chile before and after the 1973 coup. It challenges a common perspective that sees the congressional decay of the early 1970s as being caused by stringent limits on particularistic bills and by presidents with wide-ranging formal prerogatives. It presents an alternative argument that focuses on electoral competition and ideological radicalisation, derives testable implications, and provides the first empirical comparison of legislative behaviour before and after the 1973 coup. The evidence, which centres on the analysis of policy networks derived from the joint sponsorship of legislation, appears incompatible with the implications of the conventional argument.
Bringing the Economic Back In: Andean Indians and the Construction of the Nation-State in Nineteenth-Century Bolivia
Authors: LANGER ERICK D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUsing the example of nineteenth-century Bolivia, this article argues that economic motivations need to be taken into account in understanding the role of peasants in constructing Latin American nation-states, especially in the Andes. Based on local archives, it considers the case of the altiplano region of Oruro-Poopó. From this perspective, during the half-century that followed independence, Andean communities were mostly in favour of a free-trade regime. They were integrated into the nation-state, but in a subordinate position. By the 1850s there was such prosperity in trading activities that community members refused to participate as authorities in their communities due to the time it would consume. However, the assault on community lands that began in the 1860s impoverished the Indians and marginalised them as peasants, turning them into a threat to the new, racist nation-state.
Hierarchical Market Economies and Varieties of Capitalism in Latin America
Authors: SCHNEIDER BEN ROSS 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe extensive scholarship on ‘varieties of capitalism’ offers some conceptual and theoretical innovations that can be fruitfully employed to analyse the distinctive institutional foundations of capitalism in Latin America, or what could be called hierarchical market economies (HMEs). This perspective helps identify four core features of HMEs in Latin America that structure business access to essential inputs of capital, technology and labour: diversified business groups, multinational corporations (MNCs), low-skilled labour, and atomistic labour relations. Overall non-market, hierarchical relations in business groups and MNCs are central in organising capital and technology in Latin America, and are also pervasive in labour market regulation, union representation and employment relations. Important complementarities exist among these features, especially between MNCs and diversified business groups, as well as mutually reinforcing tendencies between these dominant corporate forms and general under-investment in skills and in well-mediated employment relations. These four features of HMEs, their common reliance on hierarchy, and the particular interactions among them add up to a distinct variety of capitalism, different from those identified in developed countries and other developing regions.
Longitudinal effects of PTSD on memory functioning
Authors: SAMUELSON KRISTIN W. , NEYLAN THOMAS C. , LENOCI MARYANNE , METZLER THOMAS J. , CARDENAS VALERIE , WEINER MICHAEL W. , MARMAR CHARLES R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated explicit and working memory deficits related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but few have addressed longitudinal changes in memory functioning. There is some evidence to suggest an interactive effect of PTSD and aging on verbal memory decline in Holocaust survivors (Yehuda et al., 2006). However, the longitudinal trajectory of neuropsychological functioning has not been investigated in Vietnam veterans, a younger but substantial population of aging trauma survivors. We administered tests of visual and verbal memory, and working memory to derive different dependent measures in veterans between the ages of 41 and 63, the majority of whom served in the Vietnam War. Twenty-five veterans with PTSD and 22 veterans without PTSD were assessed over two time points (mean age at follow-up = 54.0; mean inter-test interval = 34 months). The PTSD+ group, consisting of veterans with chronic, primarily combat-related PTSD, did not show a significant change in PTSD symptoms over time. Compared to veterans without PTSD, veterans with PTSD showed a greater decline in delayed facial recognition only, and this decline was extremely subtle. (JINS, 2009, 15, 853–861.)
Neuropsychological findings in childhood neglect and their relationships to pediatric PTSD
Authors: DE BELLIS MICHAEL D. , HOOPER STEPHEN R. , SPRATT EVE G. , WOOLLEY DONALD P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAlthough child neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment, the neurocognitive effects of neglect are understudied. We examined IQ, reading, mathematics, and neurocognitive domains of fine-motor skills, language, visual-spatial, memory/learning, and attention/executive functions in two groups of nonsexually abused medically healthy neglected children, one withDSM-IVposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and one without, and a demographically similar healthy nonmaltreated control group. Significantly lower IQ, reading, mathematics, and selected differences in complex visual attention, visual memory, language, verbal memory and learning, planning, problem solving, and speeded naming were seen in Neglect Groups. The Neglect with PTSD Group performed worse than controls on NEPSY Design Copying, NEPSY Tower, and Mathematics; and performed worse than controls and Neglect without PTSD on NEPSY Memory for Faces-Delayed. Negative correlations were seen between PTSD symptoms, PTSD severity, and maltreatment variables, and IQ, Academic Achievement, and neurocognitive domains. Neglected children demonstrated significantly lower neurocognitive outcomes and academic achievement than controls. Lower IQ, neurocognitive functions, and achievement may be associated with more PTSD symptoms (particularly re-experiencing symptoms), greater PTSD severity, and a greater number of maltreatment experiences. Trauma experiences may additionally contribute to subsequent neurodevelopmental risk in neglected children. (JINS, 2009,15, 868–878.)
The influence of pre-deployment neurocognitive functioning on post-deployment PTSD symptom outcomes among Iraq-deployed Army soldiers
Authors: MARX BRIAN P. , DORON-LAMARCA SUSAN , PROCTOR SUSAN P. , VASTERLING JENNIFER J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study evaluated associations between pre-deployment neurocognitive performance and post-deployment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of deployed active duty Army soldiers. As part of a larger longitudinal study, each participant completed baseline measures of memory, executive attention, and response inhibition, and baseline and post-deployment self-report measures of PTSD symptom severity. Data were subjected to multiple regression analyses that examined associations between baseline neurocognitive performances and longitudinal PTSD symptom outcome. Results revealed that pre-trauma immediate recall of visual information was associated with post-deployment PTSD symptom severity, even after controlling for pre-deployment PTSD symptom levels, combat intensity, age, gender, and test-retest interval. There was also an interaction between pre-deployment PTSD symptom severity and pre-deployment immediate visual recall and verbal learning, indicating that neurocognitive performances were more strongly (and negatively) associated with residualized post-deployment PTSD symptoms at higher levels of pre-deployment PTSD symptoms. These findings highlight the potential role of pre-trauma neurocognitive functioning in moderating the effects of trauma exposure on PTSD symptoms.(JINS, 2009,15, 840–852.)
Cognitive impairment and functioning in PTSD related to intimate partner violence
Authors: TWAMLEY ELIZABETH W. , ALLARD CAROLYN B. , THORP STEVEN R. , NORMAN SONYA B. , HAMI CISSELL SHADHA , HUGHES BERARDI KELLY , GRIMES ERIN M. , STEIN MURRAY B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with neuropsychological impairments across multiple domains, but consensus regarding the cognitive profile of PTSD has not been reached. In this study of women with PTSD related to intimate partner violence (n = 55) and healthy, demographically similar comparison participants (NCs; n = 20), we attempted to control for many potential confounds in PTSD samples. All participants were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery emphasizing executive functioning, including inhibition, switching, and abstraction. NCs outperformed PTSD participants on most neuropsychological measures, but the differences were significant only on speeded tasks (with and without executive functioning components). The PTSD group’s mean performance was within the average range on all neuropsychological tests. Within the PTSD group, more severe PTSD symptoms were associated with slower processing speed, and more severe dissociative symptoms were associated with poorer reasoning performance. These results suggest that women with PTSD related to intimate partner violence demonstrate slower than normal processing speed, which is associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms. We speculate that the cognitive slowing seen in PTSD may be attributable to reduced attention due to a need to allocate resources to cope with psychological distress or unpleasant internal experiences. (JINS, 2009, 15, 879–887.)
Redistribution pattern of fetal liver circulation in intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: EBBING CATHRINE , RASMUSSEN SVEIN , GODFREY KEITH M. , HANSON MARK A. , KISERUD TORVID 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective. Fetal liver blood supply is an important determinant of fetal growth and adaptation. Most fetal liver blood supply is from the umbilical vein, but the portal vein contributes 14–20% and studies of low‐risk pregnancies suggest the splanchnic arteries are also involved in the homeostasis of fetal liver perfusion. Here we determine the circulatory pattern of the fetal liver in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Design. Cross‐sectional study. Population. Thirty‐one IUGR fetuses (estimated fetal weight <5th centile). Methods. Pulsatility index (PI) measurements of the umbilical, middle cerebral, splenic, hepatic, and superior mesenteric arteries were compared with a reference population and related to umbilical venous flow, umbilico‐caval pressure gradient (assessed by ductus venosus peak velocity) and venous distribution within the liver (assessed by flow velocity in the left portal vein). Results. Thirteen of 31 IUGR fetuses had umbilical artery PI > 97.5 centile and 13 showed a middle cerebral artery brain‐sparing pattern (PI Z‐score < − 2). In IUGR, umbilical venous flow was lower and less umbilical blood was distributed to the right liver lobe, while the umbilico‐caval pressure gradient was kept normal. The hepatic and splenic arteries, but not the superior mesenteric artery, had low PI compared with the reference population. Conclusions. IUGR fetuses with increased or normal umbilical artery PI maintained venous perfusion pressure to the liver while distributing less umbilical blood to the right liver lobe. They showed regional splanchnic arterial redistribution with low splenic and hepatic artery PI, implying increased portal venous flow and direct arterial contribution to hepatic perfusion, respectively.
Maternal deaths in Finland: Focus on placental abruption
Authors: TIKKANEN MINNA , GISSLER MIKA , METSÄRANTA MARJO , LUUKKAALA TIINA , HIILESMAA VILHO , ANDERSSON STURE , YLIKORKALA OLAVI , PAAVONEN JORMA , NUUTILA MIKA 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective. To study placental abruption‐associated maternal deaths out of all maternal deaths in Finland. Design. Register‐based study. Setting. The Finnish Medical Birth Register (MBR), the Hospital Discharge Register (HDR), and the Cause‐of‐Death Register data during 1972–2005. Methods. The maternal deaths were identified by linking data from the MBR, the HDR, and the Cause‐of‐Death Register. The clinical data were collected from the case records and death certificates. Main outcome measures. Cause‐specific maternal death with special reference to placental abruption. Results. During the study period, a total of 2,104,436 live births and 117 direct maternal deaths (caused by a disease or its management unique to the pregnancy) occurred in Finland. The direct maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 5.6 per 100,000 live births. The two leading causes were thromboembolism (24.0%) and hemorrhage (22.3%) representing almost half of all maternal deaths. Altogether 7,735 placental abruptions were identified with three maternal deaths giving a case fatality rate of 0.4 per 1,000 cases. The MMR (38.8 per 100,000) was nearly seven times higher than the overall MMR (5.7 per 100,000) (p = 0.010). Conclusion. The direct MMR in Finland is at the level generally seen in Western Europe. The main causes to maternal death are thromboembolism and obstetric hemorrhage. Deaths to placental abruption are rare, but still seven times higher than the overall MMR.
Cesarean section rates among health professionals in Finland, 1990–2006
Authors: HEMMINKI ELINA , KLEMETTI REIJA , GISSLER MIKA 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective. The purpose of this paper is to establish whether health professionals in Finland have cesarean sections more or less often than other women of a similar educational background. Design. Register‐based study (Finnish birth register). Setting. Finland 1990–2006. Population. Singleton births, for midwives (3,009 births), nurses (101,199), and physicians (7,642). Teachers (n = 23,454) were chosen as controls for midwives and nurses, and other white collar workers (n = 124,606) were chosen as controls for physicians. Methods. Cesarean section rates were studied for all births and for first births only. The odds ratios for mode of delivery were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for age, parity, marital status and smoking, and in an additional analysis, also adjusting for post‐term birth and birth weight. Main outcome measures. Mode of delivery. Results. During the time period studied, the overall cesarean section rate in Finland was 15%. The studied groups had similar rates of cesarean section. When adjusting for background characteristics, midwives and nurses had marginally lower cesarean section rates than teachers, and physicians had lower rates than other white collar workers. In the case of first births, similar differences were found. Instrumental deliveries were somewhat lower among midwives as compared to teachers, and among physicians as compared to other white collar workers. Conclusions. Our results suggest that Finnish physicians may prefer vaginal delivery and have relatively conservative opinions about cesarean sections. This may be an important explanation of the relatively low, compared to international rates, and stable cesarean section rates in Finland.
Response to comment on ‘MeSH-up: effective MeSH text classification for improved document retrieval’
Authors: Trieschnigg Dolf , Pezik Piotr , Lee Vivian , de Jong Franciska , Kraaij Wessel , Rebholz-Schuhmann Dietrich 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Contact: trieschn@ewi.utwente.nl; dolf@trieschnigg.nl
As developers and primary users of MTI and MetaMap, Névéol et al. made a number of interesting comments on our recent publication in Bioinformatics. However, some of the results and conclusions found in the reply seem premature and lack proper clarification.