bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the limits of local ancestry inference from small reference panels
Authors: Oliveira Sandra , Marchi Nina , Excoffier Laurent 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdmixture is a common biological phenomenon among populations of the same or different species. Identifying admixed tracts within individual genomes can provide valuable information to date admixture events, reconstruct ancestry‐specific demographic histories, or detect adaptive introgression, genetic incompatibilities, as well as regions of the genomes affected by (associative‐) overdominance. Although many local ancestry inference (LAI) methods have been developed in the last decade, their performance was accessed using large reference panels, which are rarely available for non‐model organisms or ancient samples. Moreover, the demographic conditions for which LAI becomes unreliable have not been explicitly outlined. Here, we identify the demographic conditions for which local ancestries can be best estimated using very small reference panels. Furthermore, we compare the performance of two LAI methods (RFMix and MOSAIC) with the performance of a newly developed approach (simpLAI) that can be used even when reference populations consist of single individuals. Based on simulations of various demographic models, we also determine the limits of these LAI tools and propose post‐painting filtering steps to reduce false‐positive rates and improve the precision and accuracy of the inferred admixed tracts. Besides providing a guide for using LAI, our work shows that reasonable inferences can be obtained from a single diploid genome per reference under demographic conditions that are not uncommon among past human groups and non‐model organisms.
Modelling aphid movement in Australian canola fields
Authors: Slavenko Alex , Babineau Marielle , van Rooyen Anthony R. , Congdon Benjamin , Umina Paul A. , Ward Samantha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA growing challenge in canola (Brassica napus L.) production globally is the management of aphid pests, particularly species that are resistant to insecticides. Aphid pests of canola damage plants through direct feeding and virus transmission, with turnip yellows virus being particularly economically damaging. Integrated Pest Management, a strategy now employed by many growers to reduce the risk of insecticide resistance, requires forward planning and monitoring. Improved risk predictions can be used to help growers limit insecticide spraying by targeting high‐risk regions and/or periods. Within Australia, autumnal aphid flights coincide with the critical risk period for virus infestations in canola. In this study, we used an extensive database accumulated from 6 years of surveys collected from more than 200 canola fields across southern Australia with supervised machine learning models to predict aphid movements in autumn‐early winter as a function of environmental factors. We found: (i) our models achieve very high predictive accuracy when validated on untrained data; (ii) aphid movements are influenced by a combination of daily temperature and wind regimes as well as ‘green bridge’ effects mediated by summer rainfall patterns; and (iii) higher aphid capture rates in sticky traps are correlated with a higher probability of the aphids being carriers of turnip yellows virus. Taken together these results suggest that growers can use the outputs from predictive models to forecast aphid outbreaks in the early growing season and derive useful rules of thumb around the environmental conditions during which canola crops are at a greater risk of turnip yellows virus transmission.
Increased cancer incidence and mortality among people with opioid use‐related disorders: A nation‐wide cohort study
Authors: Kostovski Emil , Hamina Aleksi , Hjellvik Vidar , Clausen Thomas , Skurtveit Svetlana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsStudies on cancer incidence and mortality among people with opioid use‐related disorders are lacking. We aimed to measure cancer‐specific incidence, mortality and survival among people diagnosed with opioid use‐related disorders in Norway during 2010–18.Design and settingThis was a cohort study conducted in Norway during 2010–18.ParticipantsIndividuals (n = 20 710) diagnosed with opioid use‐related disorders.MeasurementsWe conducted a cohort study utilizing a data‐linkage of national health and population registers. Information on opioid use‐related disorders was extracted from specialized healthcare, malignancies from the Cancer Registry of Norway and deaths from Cause of Death Registry. Cancer incidence and mortality were compared with the general population by calculating sex‐specific age‐standardized incidence (SIR) and mortality (SMR) ratios. One‐year survival rates were computed.FindingsCompared with the general population, people with opioid use‐related disorders were at an increased risk of developing cancer overall [SIR = 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–1.3] with a higher than twofold cancer mortality rate (SMR = 2.3, 95% CI = 2.0–2.7). Excess risk was observed for liver (12.6, 95% CI = 9.1–17.0), larynx (4.7, 95% CI = 1.7–10.2), lung (3.5, 95% CI = 2.8–4.3) and pancreas cancer (2.6, 95% CI = 1.6–4.0), whereas reduced risk was found for melanoma (0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.9), breast (0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.9) and prostate cancers (0.3, 95% CI = 0.1–0.4). Site‐specific SMRs were significantly elevated for liver (12.3, 95% CI = 8.5–17.2), lung (3.9, 95% CI = 3.0–5.0), pancreas (3.0, 95% CI = 1.7–4.8) and colon cancers (1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.1). The average 1‐year survival rate after a cancer diagnosis was low in liver, pancreas and colon cancer, ranging from 10 to 15% less than that of the general population.ConclusionsIn Norway, cancer incidence and cancer‐related mortality appear to be elevated among individuals with opioid use‐related disorders.
Response of endophyte‐infected and endophyte‐free tall fescue plants to partial submergence at two developmental stages
Authors: Petigrosso Lucas R. , Vignolio Osvaldo R. , Gundel Pedro E. , Monterubbianesi María G. , Assuero Silvia G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a perennial C3 grass species usually associated with the endophyte fungus Epichloë coenophiala that enhances tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Given that the proportion of infected tall fescue plants in the grasslands of the Flooding Pampa (Argentina) has been progressively increasing, it is proposed that endophytes confer tolerance to the stresses characteristic of that environment, especially flooding. Plants from a naturalized population and a commercial cultivar were grown, both with and without endophyte (wild type and AR584 respectively). The plants were subjected to two submergence treatments (i.e., control and partial submergence) in two development stages (5‐leaf stage and beginning of the elongation of internodes). Plant performance (aerial and root biomass, root aerenchyma formation, total root length and root diameter, proportion of reproductive tillers, number of panicles and seeds produced) and endophyte transmission to progeny were evaluated. Endophytes did not alter the ecological fitness of plants under partial submergence. Independently of the water condition, the symbiosis was linked to low biomass in plants from the naturalized population, while the opposite occurred in plants from the cultivar. Partial submergence did not affect the germination of the seeds produced, nor the transmission of the endophyte to the seedlings that originated from them. Our work suggests that the invasion ability of tall fescue in the Flooding Pampa grasslands is not related to an endophyte‐mediated improvement of plants to tolerate water excess.
In vitro study of structural and chemical changes in two reciprocating files after multiple reuses and sterilisation
Authors: Marim Amanda Zambaldi , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira , Stringheta Carolina Pessoa , Pelegrine Rina Andrea , De Martin Alexandre Sigrist , Rocha Daniel Guimarães Pedro , Nascimento Wayne Martins , Limoeiro Ana Grasiela , Fontana Carlos Eduardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo use scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy to evaluate the metallurgical‐chemical changes of WaveOne Gold (WOG) and R‐Motion (RM), after multiple uses. The instruments were divided into groups (n = 8): WOG and RM—control groups, new instruments; WOG1 and RM1; WOG2 and RM2; WOG3 and RM3 after instrumentation of 1, 2 or 3 molars, respectively. Burrs occurred mainly in the control group and after the first use. The RM files were found to have a higher nickel content, which increased during reuse, and a decrease in oxygen content with increasing reuse, in addition to calcium impregnation, which occurred in greater amounts in the corrosion areas in the WOG files. The presence of topographic and chemical changes was demonstrated, indicating that caution should be taken when reusing endodontic instruments to avoid fractures.
Cross‐sectional burden‐of‐illness study in atopic dermatitis (MEASURE‐AD) in Australia and New Zealand reveals impacts on well‐being
Authors: Rademaker Marius , Jarrett Paul , Murrell Dedee F. , Sinclair Rodney D. , Pasfield Lauren , Poppelwell David , Shumack Stephen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo describe disease burden in individuals with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) and compare it with other geographic regions.MethodsThis multicentre, cross‐sectional, observational study (MEASURE‐AD) recruited consecutive adolescent and adult patients attending dermatology clinics in 28 countries. Data collected included scores of pruritus, disease severity, sleep, pain, disease control, work and quality of life.ResultsThis study included 112 ANZ participants (Australia n = 72; New Zealand n = 40) from December 2019 to December 2020. Treatments included topicals (85.7% of patients), non‐biologic systemic therapy (28.6%), phototherapy (9.8%) and dupilumab (4.5%). Mean Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score was 22.3 (95% CI 19.6–25.0) and Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measurement (POEM) score was 18.4 (95% CI 16.8–20.0). Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was 6.0 (95% CI 5.5–6.6) (50% had severe pruritus) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) 14.3 (95% CI 12.8–15.8). ADerm‐Impact sleep domain score was 15.1 (95% CI 13.2–16.9). ADerm‐Symptom Scale worst skin pain domain score was 5.0 (95% CI 4.3–5.6). Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) percentages indicated work and productivity impairment. Inadequately controlled AD was self‐reported by 41%, with 9.7 flares in the past 6 months. Scores of pruritus, disease severity, sleep, pain, disease control and quality of life in ANZ were often the highest of all the geographic regions studied.ConclusionANZ patients with AD have a high disease burden, which extends across multiple facets of daily life. Many are inadequately controlled with existing therapies.
Empowering change: The crucial role of civil society in climate change mitigation
Authors: Angel P. A. Shilpa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change mitigation is a global imperative, necessitating multifaceted efforts from various sectors. This paper digs into civil society's critical role in mitigating climate change, focusing on the ways that civil society organizations empower communities, advocate for policy reforms, and implement grassroots projects. The goal of this study is to thoroughly examine civil society's various contributions to climate change mitigation and provide conclusions that can guide more effective collaboration strategies. The study's fundamental research topic is the need to understand the exact mechanisms by which civil society plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation. This includes their involvement in community empowerment, public awareness campaigns, legislative advocacy, and the of sustained programs. The study intends to offer light on the particular characteristics of civil society in stimulating climate action by exploring these aspects. This study adopts a mixed‐methods approach in its methodology in Ernakulam district, Kerala. It entails doing a qualitative analysis of case studies to examine the numerous ways in which civil society organizations work to mitigate climate change. Quantitative data are also collected to analyze the impact of their activities on policy reforms, community participation, and climate resilience. Civil society encourages communities to take ownership of climate action through education, capacity‐building, and resource allocation, supporting sustainable practices at the grassroots level. The study further demonstrates that civil society plays a significant part in holding the government to account regarding their climate guarantees. Their activities, such as renewable energy projects and sustainable agriculture practices, generate community‐led solutions that help to accomplish global climate targets while additionally enhancing local resilience. Furthermore, civil society promotes collaboration among the commercial sector, governments, and communities, leading to a more inclusive approach to climate change mitigation. These insights may assist policymakers, stakeholders, and civil society organizations develop more effective climate change mitigation strategies, thereby ensuring a sustainable and resilient future.
Impact of peri‐operative frailty and operative stress on post‐discharge mortality, readmission and days at home in Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Park Chan Mi , Lie Jessica J. , Yang Laiji , Cooper Zara , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundUnderstanding how patients' frailty and the physiological stress of surgical procedures affect postoperative outcomes may inform risk stratification of older patients undergoing surgery. The objective of the study was to examine the association of peri‐operative frailty with mortality, 30‐day readmission and days at home after non‐cardiac surgical procedures of different physiological stress.MethodsThis retrospective study used Medicare claims data from a 7.125% random sample of Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries from 2015 to 2019 who were aged ≥ 65 years and underwent non‐cardiac surgical procedure listed in the Operative Stress Score categories. The exposure of the study was claims‐based frailty index (robust, < 0.15; pre‐frail, 0.15 to < 0.25; mildly frail, 0.25 to < 0.35; and moderate‐to‐severely frail, ≥ 0.35) with Operative Stress Score categories being 1, very low stress to 5, very high stress. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality at 30 days and 365 days after the surgical procedure.ResultsIn total, 1,019,938 patients (mean (SD) age of 76.1 (7.3) years; 52.3% female; 16.8% frail) were included. The cumulative incidence of mortality generally increased with Operative Stress Score category, ranging from 5.0% (Operative Stress Score 2) to 24.9% (Operative Stress Score 4) at 365 days. Within each category, increasing frailty was associated with mortality at 30 days (hazard ratio comparing moderate‐to‐severe frailty vs. robust ranged from 1.59–3.91) and at 365 days (hazard ratio 1.30–4.04). The variation in postoperative outcomes by patients' frailty level was much greater than the variation by the operative stress category.ConclusionsThese results emphasise routine frailty screening before major and minor non‐cardiac procedures and the need for greater clinician awareness of postoperative outcomes beyond 30 days in shared decision‐making with older adults with frailty.
Antidote or poison: The relationship between “lying flat” tendency and mental health
Authors: Lu Huanhua , Hou Jun , Wang Jinli , Kong Feng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough “lying flat” has become a new youth subculture phenomenon, it is unclear whether “lying flat” is an antidote or a poison for the youth's mental health. Here, we explored the effect of “lying flat” tendency on mental health using the cross‐sectional (Study 1a) and longitudinal designs (Study 1b) as well as the intervention design (Study 2). In Study 1a, we found that the youth's “lying flat” tendency was negatively correlated with their mental health. Importantly, cross‐lagged analyses (Study 1b) found that “lying flat” tendency negatively predicted mental health 1 month later, suggesting the temporal directionality between “lying flat” tendency and mental health. In Study 2, we sought to examine whether a longitudinal video intervention could promote the youth's mental health by reducing “lying flat” tendency. The results showed that the eight‐day inspirational video intervention significantly reduced the youth's “lying flat” tendency and promoted their mental health. Importantly, “lying flat” tendency mediated the relationship between the inspirational video intervention and mental health. Our study is the first to demonstrate the negatively predictive effect of the “lying flat” tendency on the youth's mental health and provides an economical, convenient, and effective intervention aimed at reducing the “lying flat” tendency to promote the youth's mental health.
Editorial: Infliximab induction therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease—A cost‐effective strategy?
Authors: Chanchlani Neil , Russell Richard K. 
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Vuijk et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18000 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18053
Editorial: Infliximab induction therapy in paediatric Crohn's disease — A cost‐effective strategy? Authors' reply
Authors: Vuijk Stephanie A. , de Ridder Lissy 
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Vuijk et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18000 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18033
Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and CYP3A4 interaction potential of the selective P2X3 receptor antagonist filapixant: A randomized multiple ascending‐dose study in healthy young men
Authors: Friedrich Christian , Singh Dave , Francke Klaus , Klein Stefan , Hetzel Terence , Zolk Oliver , Gashaw Isabella , Scheerans Christian , Morice Alyn 
Published: May 2024

AimsWe report on investigations exploring the P2X3‐receptor antagonist filapixant's effect on taste perception and cough‐reflex sensitivity and describe its pharmacokinetics, including its CYP3A4‐interaction potential.MethodsIn a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study, 3 × 12 healthy men (18‐45 years) were assigned (3:1) to filapixant (20, 80 or 250 mg by mouth) or placebo twice daily over 2 weeks. A single dose of midazolam (1 mg), a CYP3A4 substrate, was administered with and without filapixant. Assessments included a taste‐strips test, a taste questionnaire, cough challenge with adenosine triphosphate, adverse event reports and standard safety assessments.ResultsTaste disturbances were observed mainly in the 250‐mg group: six of nine participants (67%) in this group reported hypo‐ or dysgeusia in the questionnaire; eight participants (89%) reported taste‐related adverse events. Five participants (56%) had a decrease in overall taste‐strips‐test scores ≥2 points (point estimate −1.1 points, 90% confidence interval [−3.3; 1.1]). Cough counts increased with adenosine triphosphate concentration but without major differences between treatments. Filapixant exposure increased proportionally to dose. Co‐administration of filapixant had no clinically relevant effect on midazolam pharmacokinetics. Area under the concentration‐time curve ratios and 90% confidence intervals were within 80‐125%. No serious or severe adverse events were reported.ConclusionsOverall, filapixant was safe and well tolerated, apart from mild, transient taste disturbances. Such disturbances occurred more frequently than expected based on (in vitro) receptor‐selectivity data, suggesting that other factors than P2X3:P2X2/3 selectivity might also play an important role in this context. The cough‐challenge test showed no clear treatment effect. Filapixant has no clinically relevant CYP3A4 interaction potential.
Pleasurable emotions and internalizing psychopathology: A multi‐study examination of specificity and alternative explanations
Authors: Castro Ariana Andrea , DeHart Sam , Berenbaum Howard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesPast research has been inconclusive regarding the specificity of associations between discrete pleasurable emotions and internalizing symptoms. Contentment may be especially relevant to depression, whereas tranquillity may be especially relevant to worry. The goal of the current research was to clarify the mixed findings regarding the relation between pleasure deficits and internalizing psychopathology.MethodsParticipants from three samples (Total N = 757) completed alternative measures of depression and pleasurable emotions. Participants in Study 1 also completed a measure of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure, and close peers to a subset of participants (N = 64) reported their perceptions of participants' depression severity. Participants in Studies 2 and 3 also completed a measure of worry.ResultsAcross the three samples, contentment was significantly negatively associated with self‐reported depression. This association could not be accounted for by tranquillity, cheerfulness, anticipatory pleasure, or consummatory pleasure. Contentment was also strongly negatively associated with peer‐reported depression. Contentment was more strongly associated with depression than was cheerfulness. However, the strength of the association between contentment and depression relative to the strength of the association between tranquillity and depression depended on how contentment and depression were measured. Conversely, tranquillity was more strongly associated with worry than were contentment or cheerfulness.ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence of the potential importance of the role of contentment in depression and tranquillity in worry. It may be useful to attend to contentment when assessing and treating depression and to attend to tranquillity when assessing and treating elevated worry.
In‐between group membership within intergroup conflicts: The case of Druze in Israel
Authors: Halabi Slieman , Klar Yechiel , Hanke Katja , Kessler Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn‐between groups encompass individuals who simultaneously belong to social categories that are often seen as mutually exclusive in addition to maintaining their distinct group identity. The current paper sheds light on how members of in‐between groups manage their relations within intergroup conflicts. Three studies were conducted among the Druze minority in Israel, a group that is ethnically Arab and shares the Arab identity with the Arab–Palestinian minority in Israel and simultaneously identifies as Israeli. In Study 1 (N = 300), we found that identification as Druze was positively associated with the identification as Arab and Israeli. In Study 2, we examined Druze's endorsement of conflict narratives compared to Jewish‐Israeli and Palestinian citizens (N = 271). While the latter participants endorsed their ingroup narrative more than the outgroup narrative, Druze participants endorsed both narratives equally. In Study 3, we tested Druze's solidarity with the Palestinian minority against the 2018 Nation‐State Law. We found that overall, Druze participants (N = 568) endorsed more inclusive amendments that benefited the Druze and Palestinians than exclusive amendments that benefited the Druze only. In all studies, we tested the role of identification with the rival groups. We discuss these findings and suggest possible underlying mechanisms.