bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternaria solani
effectors AsCEP19 and AsCEP20 reveal novel functions in pathogenicity and conidiogenesis
Authors: Xiao Siyu , Wang Jinhui , Bai Zihan , Pan Yang , Li Qian , Zhao Dongmei , Zhang Dai , Yang Zhihui , Zhu Jiehua 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Previous work identified a pair of specific effectors AsCEP19 and AsCEP20 in
Alternaria solani
as contributors to the virulence of
A. solani
. Here, we constructed
AsCEP19
and
AsCEP20
deletion mutants in
A. solani
strain HWC168 to further reveal the effects of these genes on the biology and pathogenicity of
A. solani
. Deletion of
AsCEP19
and
AsCEP20
did not affect vegetative growth but did affect conidial maturation, with an increase in the percentage of abnormal conidia produced. Furthermore, we determined the expression patterns of genes involved in the conidiogenesis pathway and found that the regulatory gene
abaA
was significantly upregulated and
chsA
, a positive regulator for conidiation, was significantly downregulated in the mutant strains compared to the wild-type strain. These results suggest that AsCEP19 and AsCEP20 indirectly affect the conidial development and maturation of
A. solani
. Pathogenicity assays revealed significantly impaired virulence of Δ
AsCEP19
, Δ
AsCEP20,
and Δ
AsCEP19 + AsCEP20
mutants on potato and tomato plants. Moreover, we performed localization assays with green fluorescent protein-tagged proteins in chili pepper leaves. We found that AsCEP19 can specifically localize to the chloroplasts of chili pepper epidermal cells, while AsCEP20 can localize to both chloroplasts and the plasma membrane. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed enrichment of genes of this module in the photosynthesis pathway, with many hub genes associated with chloroplast structure and photosynthesis. These results suggest that chloroplasts are the targets for AsCEP19 and AsCEP20.

IMPORTANCE

Alternaria solani
is an important necrotrophic pathogen causing potato early blight. Previous studies have provide preliminary evidence that specific effectors AsCEP19 and AsCEP20 contribute to virulence, but their respective functions, localization, and pathogenic mechanisms during the infection process of
A. solani
remain unclear. Here, we have systematically studied the specific effectors AsCEP19 and AsCEP20 for the first time, which are essential for conidial maturation. The deletion of AsCEP19 and AsCEP20 can significantly impair fungal pathogenicity. Additionally, we preliminarily revealed that AsCEP19 and AsCEP20 target the chloroplasts of host cells. Our findings further enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence of necrotrophic pathogens.
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo results of the new silk vista flow diverter with P8RI coating
Authors: Cortese Jonathan , Forestier Géraud , Bardet Sylvia M , Perrin Marie-Laure , Baudouin Maxime , Belgacem Alexis , Chauvet Romain , Ratsimbazafy Voahirana , Sasselina Gregory , Chandellier Daphnée , Mounier Jérémy , Couquet Claude , Bosselut Florence , Spelle Laurent , Mounayer Charbel , Terro Faraj , Rouchaud Aymeric 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundFlow diverting stents (FDS) have transformed the treatment of intracranial aneurysms; however, their metallic structure associated with their intra-luminal positioning hamper angiographic and clinical outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to develop FDS with optimized surfaces that reduce thrombogenicity while promoting the healing process and endothelialization.MethodsP8RI, a peptide mimicking the CD31 protein, was previously developed and grafted onto Silk Vista (SV) FDS. P8RI-SV and bare-SV were used in vitro in a blood loop model to test their hemocompatibility using human whole blood and in vivo using the rabbit elastase model for optical coherence tomography (OCT) comparisons of neointimal formation at day 5 and day 28.ResultsAfter blood loop incubation, P8RI-SV showed significant reduction in fibrin binding (p=0.004) and platelet adhesion (p=0.041) compared with bare-SV. Similarly, derivative markers measured in blood, thromboxane B2 (platelet activation) and Thrombin-Antithrombin III complexes (coagulation activation), were also significantly reduced in the P8RI-SV group (both p=0.002). In vivo, complete or near-complete occlusion was reached in all aneurysms (n=6) at day 28. Excellent rate of stent-coverage ratio was obtained at day 5 (89.3% (79.1%–98.7%)) comparable to the observation at day 28 (91.8% (79.1%–100%); p=0.44). These rates were significantly higher compared with bare-SV at day 5 (77.8% (58.3%–86.8%); p<0.001) and at day 28 (67.7% (52.6%–88.9%); p<0.0001).ConclusionIn vitro results confirm enhanced hemocompatibility with a significant anti-thrombotic effect of the P8RI-SV. In vivo results provide evidence of rapid neo-intimal growth reaching near-complete tissue healing as early as day 5 in a rabbit model.
Directional succession and species-specific patterns observed in repeat study of vascular plants at three glacier foreland chronosequences in the Canadian High Arctic
Authors: O'Kane Katriina , Henry Greg H.R. 
Published: June 2024

The expanding area of glacier forelands provides new terrain for ecosystem development. Plant succession facilitates this development, but this process remains poorly documented in marginal environments such as the High Arctic. This paper presents the results of the first repeat study of glacier foreland chronosequences conducted in the Canadian High Arctic. The forelands of Twin Glacier, Beitstad Glacier, and Teardrop Glacier near Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut were first surveyed in 1995, and these surveys were repeated 21 years later using the same methods. The objectives of this study were to document the patterns of vascular plant species composition and abundance across these three forelands to (1) determine the accuracy of the hypothesis from the original study that succession on these forelands was directional, and (2) investigate the use of the chronosequence method in High Arctic succession studies. Forelands were surveyed using % cover estimates or presence/absence counts. Indicator species analysis and rates of change were used to quantify shifts in vascular plant species over time. Total plant cover increased by 2.4% in the first 100 m of the Twin Glacier foreland study area, and species richness also increased on younger terrain. Rates of peak cover and first appearance advance varied greatly between species and forelands, but were generally faster for graminoid and forb species than shrub species, and slower on species-poor Beitstad Glacier foreland. At all three forelands there was a general pattern of directional succession as all species advanced towards the retreating glacier margin. This supports the original hypothesis that directional succession is a common pattern for glacier forelands in the High Arctic. However, we also found that species-specific patterns and rates of change acted to create assemblages that differed between 1995 and 2016. Different abundances of species and successional trajectories were observed between the three forelands, pointing to the importance of local species pools and dispersal limitation. Finally, we observed that the first occurrence of most species was further from the glacier margin in 2016 compared to 1995, perhaps due to accelerating rates of glacier retreat. These species-specific patterns, differences between forelands, and the delayed response of vegetation to glacier retreat demonstrate the importance of using repeat studies over time and replication over space to confirm the results observed in High Arctic glacier foreland chronosequence studies.
Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Phase Change Materials Using Nanomaterials and its Effectiveness in Cooling Solar Cells
Authors: Albisher Huda , Abu Safa Mustafa 
Published: June 2024

The latent heat storage system is considered the most promising technology in thermal energy storage (TES) because of its many advantages. This technique uses phase change material (PCM) as a TES medium. However, the low thermal conductivity (TC) of PCM is the major drawback of the system. Previous studies have shown that the addition of nanomaterials to PCM generally increases its TC. On the other hand, researchers tend to study the possibility of using enhanced PCM to cool solar cells. In fact, raising the solar cell’s operating temperature negatively impacts its efficiency. This problem is considered one of the biggest problems in solar energy systems, and researchers are still working to solve it. This paper focused on the possibility of enhancing the TC of paraffin by adding different shapes of silver nanomaterials to it (silver nanoparticles, silver nanowires and nanohybrid with silver nanoparticles and silver nanowires). Nanomaterials were added at volume fractions of 0.5% and 1%. Then, the study examined the ability to use this improved material to reduce the temperature of solar cells. We used the “Solidworks” program to create a 3D system, and then we used the “Ansys Fluent” software to simulate five cases; PV without PCM, PV with PCM, PV with PCM enhanced by nanoparticles, PV with PCM enhanced by nanowires, PV with PCM enhanced by nanohybrid (a mixture of nanoparticles and nanowires). The results show that using PCM enhanced by nanowire at a volume fraction of 0.5% gave the best results in decreasing the temperature of PV. The average temperature of PV declined by 14.9[Formula: see text]. In addition, the efficiency of PV rose by about 7.6%. Followed by using PCM enhanced by nanoparticles at a volume fraction of 1%. The average temperature of PV declined by 12.9[Formula: see text]. Moreover, the efficiency of PV rose by about 6.6%.
Electroanalysis of Catechol and Hydroquinone by Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, β-cyclodextrin Decorated with Reduced Graphene Oxide - Gold Nanoparticle Nanocomposite
Authors: Shirzad Dehpiri Vahid , Pourghobadi Zeinab 
Published: June 2024

In this work, the glassy carbon electrode was modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes, β-cyclodextrin, reduced graphene oxide, and gold nanoparticle nanocomposites GC/MWCNTs/β-CD-rGO@Au). The GC/MWCNTs/β-CD-rGO@Au electrode was utilized for simultaneous monitoring of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ). The modified electrode has a clear pair of voltammetric peaks for CC and HQ, which makes it an appropriate tool for the simultaneous determination of the two isomers. Under optimized conditions, the oxidation peak currents of CC and HQ at GC/MWCNTs/β-CD-rGO@Au were increased linearly in the 1–173 μM and 2–80 μM concentration range with the limit of detection (LOD) (based on S/N = 3) of 0.17 μM and 0.26 μM. The GC/MWCNTs/β-CD-rGO@Au exhibits adequate stability, repeatability, and recovery in analyzing two dihydroxybenzenes isomers.
Misrepresented multiple endocrine neoplasia 2: Do the British Thyroid Association guidelines accurately predict thyroid cancer risk in high-risk groups with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2? A case series
Authors: Kamyab Arya Anthony , Weller Alex , Hulley Kate , Bano Gul 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The incidence of thyroid nodules in the general population is around 40%. The British Thyroid Association U-grading has high sensitivity for identifying the common thyroid cancer subtypes (papillary and follicular). However, ultrasound features of the rarer medullary thyroid cancer differ, with lower sensitivity for ultrasound detection. Hereditary medullary thyroid cancer accounts for 25% of cases, forming part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (multiple endocrine neoplasia 2) and is associated with RET proto-oncogene mutation, for which gene testing is increasingly available. This study aims to evaluate British Thyroid Association U-grading for thyroid cancer risk stratification in this high-risk population. Case report: This was a retrospective review of four multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 patients referred for thyroid ultrasound. A total of 10 thyroid nodules were graded as part of routine evaluation, taken from an endocrine and genetics tertiary referral centre. Patients with identifiable RET mutation from March 2017 to February 2023 were reviewed. Discussion: Six patients had 10 thyroid nodules, of which 8 were graded as U2, 2 graded U3–5 and 8 confirmed as medullary thyroid cancer. However, two patients had no pathology data at the time of writing. For this cohort, U-grading and genetics were discordant, with RET gene testing more effective than ultrasound in cancer detection. All nodules should be considered high risk for medullary thyroid cancer, regardless of U-grade. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that British Thyroid Association U-score has limited value for medullary thyroid cancer detection in this high-risk group and cannot be used for risk stratification or surveillance. As a rarer thyroid cancer subtype, medullary thyroid cancer and the high-risk multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 population are under-represented in British Thyroid Association 2014 guidance and deserve consideration in future editions.
The impact of imposter syndrome on self-esteem and intention to quit among respiratory therapy (RT) students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Siraj Rayan A , Aldhahir Abdulelah M , Alzahrani Yousef R , Alqarni Abdullah A , Alanazi Turki M , Alruwaili Abdullah , Algarni Saleh S , Alghamdi Abdulrhman S , Alahmari Mushabbab A , Baogbah Abdulmajeed A , AlQahtani Ali S , Alasimi Ahmed H , Alsolami Sultan S , Alqarni Mohammed A , Alahmadi Fahad H , Alshammari Ghadeer S 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:Imposter syndrome is common among health disciplinary students, leading to serious consequences. However, the impact of imposter syndrome on self-esteem and quitting intention among respiratory therapy students has not been well researched.Objective:To report on the prevalence of imposter syndrome and assess its impacts on self-esteem and quitting intention among respiratory therapy students in Saudi Arabia.Methods:A nonprobability cross-sectional questionnaire using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was self-administered and distributed among respiratory therapy students between October 2022 and April 2023. Data analysis was performed using Descriptive and inferential statistics.Results:Of the 1500 respiratory therapy students invited to participate in the study, 901 surveys were completed; and thus, included in the final analysis. Of whom, 92% were presented with imposter syndrome: 44% with moderate, 35% with frequent, and 13% with intense feelings. In addition, 60% of respiratory therapy students and interns experienced low self-esteem, while only 0.5% indicated high self-esteem. More than 50% of the study participants thought about quitting the respiratory therapy program, and 30% have been diagnosed with psychological disorders. Furthermore, there was a significant association between imposter syndrome and low self-esteem, p < 0.001. Factors associated with imposter syndrome and low self-esteem were family income (<0.005) and parents’ education (<0.005), quitting intention (<0.005), and having been diagnosed with psychological disorders (<0.005). Genders, academic levels, and grade point average were not associated with either imposter syndrome or self-esteem (>0.005).Conclusion:Imposter syndrome and low self-esteem are prevalent among respiratory therapy students, both of which are associated with considering leaving the respiratory therapy program. Effective interventions should be implemented to ameliorate the symptoms imposter syndrome and low self-esteem; thus, improving the academic experience of respiratory therapy students.
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Khor Wei-Thing , Chang Yu , Tien Chih-Hao , Chen Liang-Yi , Hsu Hao-Hsiang , Perng Pang-Shuo , Wong Chia-En , Hsu Heng-Juei , Lee Jung-Shun 
Published: June 2024

Study Design Meta-analysis. Objective To compare the effectiveness of postoperative pain control between erector spinae plane block (ESPB) and thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block in lumbar spine surgery. Methods PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE electronic databases were searched for articles containing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1900 and January 2024. We extracted the postoperative mean pain score, the first 24-h postoperative morphine consumption, and their standard deviation from the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using the functions available in the metafor package in R software. We pooled continuous variables using an inverse variance method with a random-effects model and summarized them as standardized mean differences. Results Five RCTs that directly compared the ESPB and TLIP block in lumbar spine surgery were included, enrolling 432 participants randomly into the two groups with 216 participants in each group. The pooled analyses showed that there was no significant difference between the ESPB and TLIP groups in terms of lower pain scores during the early (1 h) (standardized mean difference [SMD] −1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.10; 0.11), middle (12 h) (SMD −3.12, 95% CI, −6.86; 0.61), and late (24 h) (SMD −1.38, 95% CI, −3.01; 0.24) postoperative periods. There was also no significant difference in the first 24-h postoperative morphine equivalent consumption between the ESPB and TLIP groups (SMD −0.46 mg, 95% CI −1.23; 0.31). Conclusion No significant difference was observed between the ESPB and TLIP block in terms of postoperative pain control and 24-h morphine equivalent consumption for lumbar spine surgery.
Outcomes of Particulated Juvenile Articular Cartilage and Association With Defect Fill in Patients With Full-Thickness Patellar Chondral Lesions
Authors: Marmor William A. , Dennis Elizabeth R. , Buza Stephanie S. , Gruber Simone , Propp Bennett E. , Burge Alissa J. , Nguyen Joseph T. , Shubin Stein Beth E. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Cartilage restoration procedures for patellar cartilage defects have produced inconsistent results, and optimal management remains controversial. Particulated juvenile articular cartilage (PJAC) allograft tissue is an increasingly utilized treatment option for chondral defects, with previous studies demonstrating favorable short-term outcomes for patellar chondral defects. Purpose: To identify whether there is an association between defect fill on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with functional outcomes in patients with full-thickness patellar cartilage lesions treated with PJAC. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted on patients treated with PJAC for a full-thickness symptomatic patellar cartilage lesion between March 2014 and August 2019. MRI was performed for all patients at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were obtained preoperatively and at 1, 2, and >2 years postoperatively. Clinical outcome scores—including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, the Kujala, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score–Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score–Quality of Life (KOOS-QoL), and the Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS)—were analyzed and evaluated for a relationship with tissue fill on MRI. Results: A total of 70 knees in 65 patients (mean age, 26.6 ± 8.1 years) were identified, of which 68 knees (97%) underwent a concomitant patellar stabilization or offloading procedure. Significant improvements were observed on all postoperative PROM scores at the 1-, 2-, and >2-year follow-up except for the Pedi-FABS, which showed no significant difference from baseline. From baseline to the 2-year follow-up, the KOOS-QoL improved from 24.7 to 62.1, the IKDC improved from 41.1 to 73.5, the KOOS-PS improved from 35.6 to 15, and the Kujala improved from 52 to 86.3. Imaging demonstrated no difference in the rate of cartilage defect fill between the 3-month (66%), 6-month (72%), 1-year (74%), and ≥2-year (69%) follow-ups. No association was observed between PROM scores and the percent fill of cartilage defect on MRI at the 1- and 2-year follow-up. Conclusion: PROM scores were significantly improved at the 2-year follow-up in patients who underwent PJAC for full-thickness patellar cartilage defects. On MRI, a cartilage defect fill of >66% was achieved by 3 months in most patients. In our sample, PROM scores were not significantly associated with the defect fill percentage at the short-term follow-up.
Assessing the unseen consequences: influence of an extreme weather event on environmental perceptions and connection to nature
Authors: Kleespies Matthias W. , Friedrich Thomas , Marg Oskar , Völker Carolin , Schiwy Sabrina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Due to climate change, extreme weather events are becoming more frequent worldwide. An example of such an extreme weather event was the flooding in Western Europe in July 2021. Currently, there are large research gaps regarding how such events, particularly those involving oil pollution, affect people's connection to nature and their perceptions of environmental problems. Perceptions and connections to nature are important factors that influence environmental behavior and decisions. This study examines the influence of the exposure of oil pollution during the 2021 floods on the perception of the natural environment (connection to nature) and of environmental problems (perception of planetary boundaries). To this end, people affected by flooding who have come into direct or indirect contact with oil pollution are examined, with people from unaffected regions serving as a control group.

Results
No significant differences were found for both the connection to nature and the perception of planetary boundaries between the three groups studied. Connection to nature was at a moderate level in all three groups. In the case of planetary boundaries, it was observed that all boundaries were rated as significantly exceeded in all three groups. Especially the boundary of novel entities to which also oil pollution belongs, was evaluated as highly exceeded.

Conclusions
The results suggest that extreme weather events do not negatively impact personal connection to nature. Additionally, no significant group differences were found in the assessment of planetary boundaries, which may be attributed to the inherently high assessment scores in Germany. The study provides evidence that perceptions of environmental problems and connection to nature are relatively stable in the face of an extreme weather event with a natural trigger. Further studies are needed to investigate the reasons and consequences of this stability.