bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CHARACTERIZATION OF (−1, −1)-FREUDENTHAL–KANTOR TRIPLE SYSTEMS
Authors: KAMIYA NORIAKI , MONDOC DANIEL , OKUBO SUSUMU 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss a connection between (−1, −1)-Freudenthal–Kantor triple systems, anti-structurable algebras, quasi anti-flexible algebras and give examples of such structures. The paper provides the correspondence and characterization of a bilinear product corresponding a triple product.
CHARACTERS OF PRIME DEGREE
Authors: ADAN-BANTE EDITH 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLet G be a finite nilpotent group, χ and ψ be irreducible complex characters of G with prime degree. Assume that χ(1) = p. Then, either the product χψ is a multiple of an irreducible character or χψ is the linear combination of at least $\frac{p+1}{2}$ distinct irreducible characters.
Cost-effectiveness targeting under multiple conservation goals and equity considerations in the Andes
Authors: NARLOCH ULF , PASCUAL UNAI , DRUCKER ADAM G. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYInternationally, there is political impetus towards providing incentive mechanisms, such as payments for ecosystem services (PES), that motivate land users to conserve that which benefits wider society by creating an exchange value for conservation services. PES may incorporate a number of conservation goals other than just maximizing the area under a certain land use, so as to optimize multiple benefits from environmental conservation. Environmental additionality (conservation services generated relative to no intervention) and social equity aspects (here an equitable distribution of conservation funds) of PES depend on the conservation goals underlying the cost-effective targeting of conservation payments, which remains to be adequately explored in the PES literature. This paper attempts to evaluate whether multiple conservation goals can be optimized, in addition to social equity, when paying for the on-farm conservation of neglected crop varieties (landraces), so as to generate agrobiodiversity conservation services. Case studies based on a conservation auction in the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes (through which community-based groups identified the conservation area and the number of farmers taking part in conservation, as well as the payment required), identified significant cost-effectiveness tradeoffs between alternative agrobiodiversity conservation goals. There appears to be a non-complementary relationship between maximizing conservation area under specific landraces (a proxy for genetic diversity maintenance) and the number of farmers conserving such landraces (a proxy for agricultural knowledge and cultural traditions maintenance). Neither of the two are closely connected with maximizing the number of targeted farming communities (a proxy for informal seed exchange networks and hence geneflow maintenance). Optimizing cost-effectiveness with regard to conservation area or number of farmers would also be associated with a highly unequal distribution of payments. Multi-criteria targeting approaches can reach compromise solutions, but frameworks for these are still to be established and scientifically informed about the underlying link between alternative conservation goals and conservation service provision.
PRESERVATION OF THE SPANISH HORSE IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Sponenberg D.P. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYRemnants of the vast populations of Spanish horses in North America are currently being registered and bred by a number of breed organizations. The number of foals registered yearly is around 100 individuals. As this number is widely spread geographically and not closely related, the genetic outlook for the breed is good. Blood group studies have not been done, but evidence from coat colour aliele frequencies suggests that the claim to purity and uniqueness compared with other North American breeds is valid.
HUNGARIAN ACTIVITIES ON THE CONSERVATION OF DOMESTIC ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES
Authors: Bodó Imre 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn Hungary there is an official programme for maintaining domestic animal genetic resources which is supported financially by the government. The following breeds are involved: Hungarian Grey cattle; Water buffalo; Racka, Ciggja and Cikta sheep; Mangalica pig; Nonius, Mezohegyes Halfbred, Gidran, Kisbér Halfbred, Shagya Arab and Lipizza horses and some poultry and dog breeds.
OVINO CRIOLLO NEGRO EN BRASIL
Authors: Camargo A.H.A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, a brief description is given of the origin and introduction of Black Criollo Sheep in Brazil, together with genetic characteristics and some data on the level of production, its meat and wool. It is noted that the number of those sheep is decreasing quickly and this valuable genetic stock is rapidly heading towards extinction.
JAPANESE NATIVE LIVESTOCK BREEDS
Authors: Obata Taro , Takeda Hisato , Oishi Takao 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis paper discusses the conservation of native livestock breeds in Japan. These include native Japanese horses, cattle and goats, and domestic Japanese fowls. To best conserve the genes of these genetic resources it is necessary to keep them in the form of (a) live animals and (b) cryogenic storage of sperms, oocytes, embryos, cells, chromosomes and genes. Even that Japanese native livestock are also important as living'museums', it is further desirable to conserve them as live animals. However, there are many problems with conserving all of these breeds in a live form because of their low economic value in the market. For this reasons, it is necessary to combine this with the raising of animals for other purposes such as sale of products, tourist attractions in national parks, zoos and sightseeing farms, educational tools in agricultural schools and experimental animals.
EGYPTIAN SHEEP RESOURCES
Authors: Guirgis R.A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYLocal Egyptian breeds of sheep, though considered small to medium size, have the desirable qualities of continuous breeding throughout the year and hardiness. Increasing the flock owners income may be through:1. Higher productivityby accelerated lamb production of the valley and delta Ossimi and Rahmani breeds and improving the natural resource situation for the adapted desert Barki breed.2. Establishing a simple grading system for the local coarse wool to improve marketing and encourage its use in small scale industries, hence rural development of the area.
IMPROVEMENT AND ADAPTATION OF THE FAYOUMI CHICKEN
Authors: Hossaryl M. A. , Galal E. S. E. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe Fayoumi (Oasis/Province of Fayotimi) or Ramadi (village of Dar-el-Ramad) breed of chicken is said to have been introduced into this area in the early part of the 19th century; phenotypically it recalls the Silver Campine from which it is reputed to descend. A hardy and well adapted breed it was saved through the creation of the Fayoumi Poultry Research Station in 194é, which also assured an active improvement policy of the breed. The creation in 1958 of the Fayoumi Poultry Cooperative Society further strengthened the conservation of the breed and its use through distribution of genetic material to farmers and smallholders of the Fayoumi province. Since the early é0's the breed is reported to have been successfully introduced to countries as different as the UK and the USA, Vietn@ Iraq, Pakistan and India. Its adaptability and resistance to the problems of xyrotherrnic tropical and sub-tropical conditions is confirmed by its actual prevalence in Southern Egypt.
INFLUENCIA DEL TORO Y DEL SEXO SOBRE EL PESO AL NACER DE TERNEROS DE RAZA CRIOLLA DE SANTA CATARINA - BRASIL
Authors: Almeida Camargo'y A. H. , dos Santos Dias' C. T. 
Published: August 2011

RESUMENEste estudio fue realizado con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del toro sobre el peso al nacer de terneros (machos y hembras) de bovinos de la raza Criolla de Santa Catarina. Los datos fueron colectados en una propiedad pecuaria privada localizada en el municipio de Ponte Alta -SC. Fueron utilizados tres toros Criollos y catorce terneros hijos de cada toro y vacas también Criollas, con veintiún machos y veintiuna hembras - cuarenta y dos en total. El factor toro influyó significativatnente (P<0,01) sobre el peso al nacer. El sexo también influyó (P<0,01) siendo el peso promedio de los machos superior al de las hembras. Las medias de peso al nacer para los terneros hijos de los toros 1, 2 y 3 fueron respectivamente de 27,8; 23,9 y 23,3 kg, todos con el error estdndar de 0,24 kg. El toro I produjo hijos con peso al nacer superior (P<0,01); aquéllos de los toros 2 y 3 no difirieron entre ellos significativamente. Los promedios de peso al nacer para los temeros de sexo masculine y femenino fueron, respectivamente, de 25,4 y 24,6 kg, con el error estdndar de 0,2 kg.
CHINESE MEAT GOAT BREEDS AND THEIR CROSSES
Authors: Ying Jian 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYSelection of meat goat breeds and crossing for meat production provides food a nd is a source of self sufficiency for man. The following four goat breeds are examples of meat production of, Manjiang yellow, Matou, Longling and Hual goat breeds. Recently, it was reported that the quantity of meat output was increased and quality of meat was improved of the local goats in some areas by crossing with Nanjing, Matou and Longling. The Huai breed is a very important breed for producing high quality meat and hides' It is also -noted for its high prolificacy. The natural environments of China are well suited for goat production. Most of its harsher environments can be utilized efficiently only by goats. Especially southern agricultural region and northern agricultural regions develop and use the meat goat breeds as genetic resources for adaptation and production of unique and economically important meat products, and as a complement to cattle or sheep production.
CONSERVATION OF THE SONADI BREED OF SHEEP IN INDIA
Authors: Mehta S. C. , Vij P. K. , Joshi B. K. , Sahai R. , Nivsarkar A. E. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYA study was carried out to estimate the population of the Sonadi breed of sheep in the Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan (India), which is part of a major breeding tract of the Sonadi breed. A total of 2 443 sheep from 59 flocks of 18 villages belonging to three different tehsils of Chittorgarh were covered in this survey. The population data on sheep from livestock census (1992) were collected and the figures were extrapolated for the purpose. The population of Sonadi sheep in their natural habitat was estimated to be 603 984 while the total sheep population of the tract was 1 792 050. The estimated number of breeding rams available in the natural habitat were 45 907 out of which only 1 I 802 were of the Sonadi breed. There was a higher proportion of crossbred sheep and an even higher proportion of crossbred rams in the breeding tract as compared to the purebreds. It has been postulated that a proportion of cross bred sheep would further increase which coûld be a threat to the Sonadi breed in a real sense. It has been emphasized that steps for conservation are warranted.
MINI-HORSES IN CHINA
Authors: Chen You-Chun , Wang Tiequan 
Published: August 2011

SUMARYChinese minihorses were discovered at the end of the 1980s during a national census and investigation on animal genetic resources. The existence of such kind of horses was supported by evidence from body measurements, historical records and bone fossils. Blood polymorphism of local breeds of minihorses has been tested. Chinese minihorses are postulated to have a separate origin from minihorses China.
MITHUN - AN IMPORTANT BOVINE SPECIES OF INDIAN ORIGIN
Authors: Gupta Neelam , Gupta S. C. , Verma N. D. , Pundir RK. , Joshi B. IK. , Nivsarkar A. E. , Sahai R 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a heavily built semi domesticated bovine species originated in north eastern hill region of India. In some folklore, Mithun have been referred to as the descendent of the Sun. There are interesting and divergent legends about the orig of mithun among different in tribes. Even today, mithun is used as a holy sacrificial animal to appease the Gods by the tribesman. It is a woodland animal found at an elevation of between 2 000 and 9 000 feet. The habitat of mithun extends like a long curved belt of hills from the Akasan hill and Chin Hills of Burma through the Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh and the Lushai (Mizo) hills of Manipur and Naga hills of India. The geographic zone is covered with tropical evergreen rain forests. At higher elevations mithun territories are also shared by yak (Poephagus grunniens), while at lower altitudes domestic cattle and mithun co-habit. The information contained in the article is primarily based on a field survey carried out on mithun of Porba village of Nagaland. Some data collated and published by other departments is also included.
HARIANA - AN INDIAN CATTLE BREED IN ITS NATIVE ECOLOGY
Authors: Joshi B. K. , Tantia M. S. , Gupta Neelam , Gupta S. C. , Sahai R. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe fast changing socio-economic levels of inhabitants, ecological profile and agricultural scenario in the native breeding.tract of Hariana cattle breed reveal several factors resulting in consistently a declining trend in the population as well as genetic deterioration in performance traits of the breed. The breed, once occupying pre eminent position in Indian farming throughout the entire rural households of North India for both draught power and milk production, isnow being gradually neglected and becoming economically non-remunerative because of intensive and more mechanized agriculture replacing draught animal power, shrinking grazing areas, over emphasis on crossbreeding with exotic cattle inheritance and emergence of buffalo as a commercial dairy animal. The authors emphasize the need to develop suitable strategies for planned genetic improvement and conservation programmes of the breed to resurrect it as an economical viable cattle breed for the posterity.
CONSERVATION OF GENETIC STOCK OF CATTLE BREEDS IN THE UKRAINE
Authors: Ruban J. D. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe dynamics of cattle breeds from 1935 to 1990 has been analysed in the paper. It was found out that some breeds such as the Grey Llkrainian and the White-Headed Ukrainian, were on the verge of disappearing, even certain breeds introduced in the early fifties a d well adapted since (Pinzgau, Red Polled and Brown Carpathian). Some forms and methods of conservation of cattle breeds in the Ukraine were considered. Urgent measures of conservation are required, even the number of cattle of the Simmental type was greatly reduced. The group of more recently introduced beef breeds is unstable and small. Methods of cattle breeding for 100 years have been analysed. It was stated that it was necessary to raise the importance of pedigree breeding, to change the selection index principle for cows developed by crossing related breeds of cattle. Methods and forms to conserve valuable genotypes of breeds were discussed. They will help to conserve genetic stock of cattle. It has been suggested to evolve a new type of beef Simmental cattle as well as to use the double purpose type. In order to conserve genetic stock of cattle breeds, thé theory on symmetry of Vernadsky was used. It could allow determining the interrelation “genotype-environment” The importance of continuous on-farm inspection programmes as a means of monitoring numbers and husbandry conditions is underlined.
LIVESTOCK WEALTH OF THE LADAKH: A COLD ARID REGION IN INDIA
Authors: Gupta S.C. , Tundup T. , Gupta Neelam , Kumar Pushpendra , Yadav K. N. , Nivsarkar A. E. , Joshi B. K. , Sahai R 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe Ladakh plateau is an arctic desert in the Western Himalaya having an annual rainfall of 8 to 9 cm. Extreme environmental conditions and persistent hypoxia affect the human and livestock populations. Limited grazing resources are the other limiting factor. Despite these hardships, a great variety of livestock species are available in Ladakh. The yak is the most important species for highlanders providing them subsistence in terms of milk, meat, fibres, skin and hides. It is an excellent pack and transport animal in snow bound passes. Male Yak hybrids with local cattle are excellent bullocks under the hypoxic environment. The small population of local hill cattle is endangered due to large scale crossbreeding with yaks and exotic cattle. The majority of goatsoin Ladakh are Pashmmina type. The Changthangi is an important goat breed. Local small sized sheep yield fine carpet type wool and resemble the Tibetan sheep. Zaniskari horses are in danger of extinction. Other horses and ponies available in Ladakh appeared similar to the Tibetan ponies. The local donkeys have a large bulging head with long hair. Only 54 Bacterin camels are left in the region. Poultry and pigs are not popular in Ladakh. Almost all livestock species have long body hair to survive in extreme climatic conditions.
Parametres de reproduction et de production des petits ruminants locaux au Burundi
Authors: Mbayahaga J. , Baudoux C. , Mandiki S. N. M. , Bister J. L. , Branckaert R. , Paquay R. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméL'étude des performances de reproduction des chèvres et des brebis burundaises réalisée en station pendant plusieurs années montre que ces deux espèces atteignent une productivité intéressante estimée à 25 et 33 kg de poids vif par an respectivement. Mais celle-ci est très réduite en milieu rural et est comprise entre 9 et 27 kg. La grande hétérogénéité des performances individuelles permet d'envisager une action de sélection rapide et efficace qui, selon les résultats enregistrés, devrait porter surtout sur les capacités laitières et la vitesse de croissance dans les deux espèces et sur la prolificité chez la brebis.
Characteristics of Bonpala sheep
Authors: Vij P. K. , Tantia M. S. , Nivsarkar A. E. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryBonpala is a dual purpose sheep breed found in Sikkim, Western Bhutan and Eastern Nepal. A sample survey was conducted in east Sikkim to record characteristics of Bonpala sheep. Information was recorded on morphological characteristics, management practices and body measurements. Bonpala sheep have mixed colours ranging from all white, white and black or all black. Measurements were recorded of body length, height, heart girth, paunch girth, rump width, pin width, face length, face width, ear length, tail length, horn length and horn circumference.
The Chokla Sheep in India
Authors: Kushwaha B. P , Kumar S. , Kumar R. , Mehta B.S 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThere are approximately 41 million sheep in India, 0.51 million of which are made up by the Chokla population. This breed is generally found around Churu, Jhunjhunu, Sikar and bordering areas of the Bikaner, Jaipur and Nagaur districts of Rajasthan. The animals have a light to medium-sized body, a small head and are reddish brown or dark tan in colour as far as the middle of the neck, with a white body. The skin is pink. The ears are small to medium in length and tubular in shape. The Chokla sheep are hardy and well adapted to arid and semi-arid tropical environments and are suited for the region where migration is a common practice. The Chokla is a comparatively fine-wool producing type among the Indian sheep. The wool produced by Chokla animals is heterogeneous in quality and generally mixed with coarser fleece of other sheep for their utilisation as carpet wool.
Conservation of an equine feral breed: the Asturcón Pony
Authors: Vega J.L. , Molina A. , Valera M. , Rodriguez-Gallardo P. P. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Asturcón Pony was on the verge of disappearing during the decade of the 1970. The creation of A. C. P. R. A (Breeders Association of Asturcón Ponies) and the measures undertaken by this association have made possible the present population of 400 of these animals and future perspectives for them to be bred at large for agrotourism and children's training in horseback riding and other equestrian sports. In spite of the fact that the recovery of the breed is being carried out with few individuals, our results show a high genetic variability. Analysing the allelic frequencies of blood polymorphism, we have obtained an average heterozygosity of 0.3649±0.1070 akin to that of other ponies such as the Dartmoor (0.3396±0.1060), Shetland (0.3158±0.1246 or the Connemara (0.3797±0.1000) and even superior to breeds such as the P. S. I. (0.2857±0.1194) and the Arabian (0.2299±0.0969).
Le Zébu Gobra: caractères ethniques et performances zootechniques
Authors: Missohou A. , Bankole A. A. , Niang A. T. , Ragounandea G. , Talaki E. , Bitar I. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméDans cette étude, les auteurs font le point sur les principaux résultats obtenus chez le zébu Gobra. La croissance est de 280 g/j dans les conditions d'élevage du C. R. Z de Dahra. Elle peut atteindre cependant 736 g chez des mâles recevant dès la naissance une alimentation équilibrée et 1 080 g dans des unités d'embouche. Les caractéristiques de carcasse sont bonnes et comparables à celles de la plupart des races à viande spécialisées. L'âge à la lère mise-bas (1 365,6±24 j) et l'intervalle entre mise-bas (15,5 mois) sont élevés mais sont susceptibles de diminuer lorsque les conditions d'élevage sont améliorées.
Characteristics of indigenous chickens of Malawi
Authors: Safalaoh A. C. L. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryIndigenous chickens (1C) are the commonest type of chickens raised in Malawi, especially in the rural areas. The management system is primarily of the free range type which is characterised by lack of supplementary feeding, minimal housing and little or no animal health services. This in turn results in low bird production in terms of egg and meat production when compared to modern breeds. Cross breeding the 1C with improved breeds such as the Black Australorp is one avenue through which productivity of the indigenous chickens may be improved. The advantages of the indigenous Malawi chicken and issues for their conservation and genetic improvement are discussed.
A note on Indian farm animal genetic resources
Authors: Chopra S. C. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryIndia has a rich diversity of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat breeds which are not only important to the people of India, but have contributed significantly to livestock programmes in many other tropical and sub-tropical climatic areas of the world. Most important is the fact that our domestic animal genetic resources (AGR) are under threat. This paper highlights the main AGR of India; the threat to biodiversity and the efforts made for conserving and improving indigenous livestock breeds.
Review of global rabbit genetic resources: special emphasis on breeding programs and practices in the lesser developed countries
Authors: Lukefahr S. D. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryPresently, there is little organization or cooperation among countries with rabbit breeding programs with the common aim of maintaining genetic diversity, with the exception of Europe and the Mediterranean region. Particularly in the lesser developed countries (LDC's), there is limited evidence that maintaining genetic diversity in rabbit populations is even a national priority. Based on consultancies and project experiences in over fifteen LDC's, and limited reports from the literature, evaluations of breeding programs at national rabbit breeding centers have generally been less than encouraging with regard to the management of genetic resources: utilization and conservation. The purpose of this position paper is to review rabbit genetic resources management practices and trends in rabbit breeding program development which pertain to genetic resources utilization and conservation issues, and with special emphasis on the LDC's. Several measures are discussed that could enhance breeding program integrity, greater benefit limited-resource farmers, and also foster international and regional participation in rabbit genetic resources conservation programs.