bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Feeling Hot’: Exploring the feasibility of nocturnal erection detection through penile temperature measurements
Authors: Torenvlied Hille J. , Trip Evelien , Olthuis Wouter , Segerink Loes I. , Pelger Rob C. M. , Beck Jack J. H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe observational ‘Feeling Hot’ study aims to evaluate the feasibility of employing overnight penile temperature measurements for the detection of nocturnal erections, thereby contributing to the advancement and modernization of a non‐invasive diagnostic system for erectile dysfunction.Subjects/Patients and MethodsIn this proof‐of‐concept study, 10 healthy men aged 20–25 were recruited, following the methodology outlined in the ‘Staying Hot’ study by Torenvlied et al. Participants underwent ambulatory overnight penile temperature measurements concurrent with RigiScan recordings. Key outcome measures included baseline and peak penile temperatures during RigiScan‐annotated nocturnal erections. Reference measurements of the thigh temperature were also taken to assess nocturnal temperature variations.ResultsStatistically significant penile temperature increases (p = 0.008, n = 9) were observed during nocturnal erections, with an average elevation of 1.47°C noted during the initial erections. This underscores the practical utility of penile temperature measurements in detecting erection onset. Challenges arose in accurately determining erection duration and subsequent erection onsets due to the persistence of elevated temperatures following initial erections, termed the ‘Staying Hot effect’. Reference thigh temperature measurements aided in addressing this challenge.ConclusionExamining overnight penile temperature alongside simultaneous RigiScan recordings has yielded valuable insights into the viability of using the temperature methodology for detecting nocturnal erections. The ‘Feeling Hot’ study findings demonstrate significant penile temperature elevation during nocturnal erections in healthy young men, highlighting the potential of integrating this measurement methodology into the design of a modernized tool for ambulatory erectile dysfunction diagnostics. Further development of an advanced sensor system to comprehensively assess erection duration and quality is essential for enhancing clinical applicability.
Starch‐chitosan blends: A comprehensive review on the preparation, physicochemical properties and applications
Authors: Wan Yusof Wan Roslina , Sabar Sumiyyah , Zailani Mohd Alhafiizh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStarch and chitosan, polysaccharides derived from natural sources, have significant potential across various domains. Starch is extracted from starch‐bearing plants, such as potatoes, whereas chitosan is obtained from the exoskeletons of marine animals, fungi and insects. However, the original forms of starch and chitosan have several limitations, such as low solubility and weak mechanical strength. Interestingly, the combined effects of starch and chitosan resulted in the development of starch‐chitosan blends with markedly improved functional properties. These blends demonstrated high tensile strength, improved hydrophilicity and increased adsorption capacity. Furthermore, modification of starch‐chitosan blends by techniques such as crosslinking and incorporation of other functional materials contributes to diverse characteristics and functionalities. This review addresses a crucial gap in the literature by providing an overview and up‐to‐date analysis of starch‐chitosan blends. The preparation methods and functional properties of these blends in various forms, such as films, beads and hydrogels, have been extensively discussed. Emphasis is placed on the versatile applications of these blends in research, development and industries such as pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, agriculture and food technology. This review aims to provide an insightful overview of starch‐chitosan blends and stimulate broader interdisciplinary research interests. By providing concluding insights and prospects, this review highlights the potential for further exploration of the impact of starch‐chitosan blends on consumers and the environment.
Association of serum AFP trajectories and hepatocellular carcinoma outcomes after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy: A longitudinal, multicenter study
Authors: An Chao , Wei Ran , Yao Wang , Han Wenwen , Li Wang , Shi Ge , Wu Peihong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThis study aims to investigate α‐fetoprotein (AFP) trajectories for prediction of survival outcomes after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) treatment in large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsFrom May 2014 to June 2020, 889 eligible patients with large HCC underwent HAIC were retrospectively enrolled from five hospitals. A latent class growth mixed (LCGM) model was applied to distinguish potential AFP level dynamic changing trajectories. Inverse‐probability‐of‐treatment weighted (IPTW) analyses were performed to eliminate unmeasured confounders through marginal structural models. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to determine the overall survival (OS) in patients with large HCC. Performance of these serum markers for survival prediction was compared by areas under receiver operating characteristic analysis with the Delong test.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 23.7 (interquartile range, 3.8–115.3). A total of 1009 patients with large HCC, who underwent HAIC with AFP repeatedly measured 3–10 times, were enrolled in the study. Three distinct trajectories of these serum AFP were identified using the LCGM model: high stable (37.0%; n = 373), low stable (15.7%; n = 159), and sharp‐falling (47.3%; n = 477). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses found that ALBI stage 2–3, BCLC‐C stage and high‐stable AFP trajectories were associated with OS. AFP trajectories yield the optimal predictive performance in all risk factors.ConclusionsThe AFP trajectories based on longitudinal AFP change showed outstanding performance for predicting survival outcomes after HAIC treatment in large HCC, which provide a potential monitoring tool for improving clinical decision‐making.
Screen‐space Streamline Seeding Method for Visualizing Unsteady Flow in Augmented Reality
Authors: Kang Hyunmo , Han JungHyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStreamlines are a popular method of choice in many flow visualization techniques due to their simplicity and intuitiveness. This paper presents a novel streamline seeding method, which is tailored for visualizing unsteady flow in augmented reality (AR). Our method prioritizes visualizing the visible part of the flow field to enhance the flow representation's quality and reduce the computational cost. Being an image‐based method, it evenly samples 2D seeds from the screen space. Then, a ray is fired toward each 2D seed, and the on‐the‐ray point, which has the largest entropy, is selected. It is taken as the 3D seed for a streamline. By advecting such 3D seeds in the velocity field, which is continuously updated in real time, the unsteady flow is visualized more naturally, and the temporal coherence is achieved with no extra efforts. Our method is tested using an AR application for visualizing airflow from a virtual air conditioner. Comparison with the baseline methods shows that our method is suitable for visualizing unsteady flow in AR.
Modulating Heavy Atom Effect in Germylene for Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Dai Wen , Yang Xiaoang , Lv Kaiqi , Li Lei , Peng Yanbo , Ma Huili , An Zhongfu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAbstract: It is worth but still challenging to develop the low‐valent main group compounds with persistent room temperature phosphorescence (pRTP). Herein, we presented germylene‐based persistent phosphors by introduction of low‐valent Ge center into chromophore. A novel phosphors CzGe and its series of derivatives, namely CzGeS, CzGeSe, CzGeAu, and CzGeCu, were synthesized. Experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the pRTP behavior were “turn on” due to the heavy atom effect of germylene. More importantly, the low‐valent of oxidation state and structural traits propelled GeCz had a balance between the intersystem crossing and the shortening of lifetime caused by the heavy atoms, resulting the ultralong lifetime of 309 ms and phosphorescent quantum efficiency of 15.84 %, which is remarkable among heavy main group phosphors. This research provides valuable insights to the design of heavy atoms in phosphors and expand the applications of germylene chemistry.
Mausolates: Large‐Cavity Chelates with Potential as Delivery Vehicles in Nuclear Medicine**
Authors: Ackroyd Amanda J. , Gajecki Leah , Gogoulis Athan T. , Smart Jack F. , Oliver Allen G. , McIndoe J. Scott , Berg David J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new type of diborate clathrochelate (cage) ligand featuring nine inwardly pointing nitrogen donors that form a large, rigid cavity, termed a mausolate, is presented. The cavity size and high denticity make this an attractive delivery vehicle for large radionuclides in nuclear medicine. Metal mausolate complexes are stable to air and water (neutral pH) and display extremely high thermal stability (>400 °C). Lanthanide uptake by the mausolate ligand occurs rapidly in solution at room temperature and once complexed, the lanthanide ions are not displaced by a 250‐fold excess of a competitive lanthanide salt over more than one week.
Evaluating the potential of disaggregated memory systems for HPC applications
Authors: Ding Nan , Maris Pieter , Nam Hai Ah , Groves Taylor , Awan Muaaz Gul , Lindsey LeAnn , Daley Christopher , Selvitopi Oguz , Oliker Leonid , Wright Nicholas , Williams Samuel 
Published: May 2024

SummaryDisaggregated memory is a promising approach that addresses the limitations of traditional memory architectures by enabling memory to be decoupled from compute nodes and shared across a data center. Cloud platforms have deployed such systems to improve overall system memory utilization, but performance can vary across workloads. High‐performance computing (HPC) is crucial in scientific and engineering applications, where HPC machines also face the issue of underutilized memory. As a result, improving system memory utilization while understanding workload performance is essential for HPC operators. Therefore, learning the potential of a disaggregated memory system before deployment is a critical step. This paper proposes a methodology for exploring the design space of a disaggregated memory system. It incorporates key metrics that affect performance on disaggregated memory systems: memory capacity, local and remote memory access ratio, injection bandwidth, and bisection bandwidth, providing an intuitive approach to guide machine configurations based on technology trends and workload characteristics. We apply our methodology to analyze thirteen diverse workloads, including AI training, data analysis, genomics, protein, fusion, atomic nuclei, and traditional HPC bookends. Our methodology demonstrates the ability to comprehend the potential and pitfalls of a disaggregated memory system and provides motivation for machine configurations. Our results show that eleven of our thirteen applications can leverage injection bandwidth disaggregated memory without affecting performance, while one pays a rack bisection bandwidth penalty and two pay the system‐wide bisection bandwidth penalty. In addition, we also show that intra‐rack memory disaggregation would meet the application's memory requirement and provide enough remote memory bandwidth.
Strain in Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites Microstructures by Numerical Simulations
Authors: Manganelli Costanza Lucia , Martín‐García Beatriz , Spirito Davide 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHybrid organic‐inorganic metal halide perovskites (HOIPs) are promising materials for optoelectronics applications. Their optical and electrical properties can be controlled by strain engineering, that results from application of local elastic deformation or deposition on pre‐patterned substrates acquiring a conformal 3D shape. Most interesting, their mechanical properties depend on their crystal structure, composition and dimensionality. We explore by numerical simulations the deformation of a selection of HOIPs comprising a broad range of elastic properties. We consider an axial symmetry with the formation of microdomes on flakes. Radial and vertical forces are considered, finding that the radial force is more effective to obtain large deformation. Large vertical displacement and strain is obtained for HOIPs with low stiffness. The layered nature of HOIPs, that are formed by inorganic layers of different thickness and organic spacers, is also investigated, revealing a non‐monotonous trend with the proportion of inorganic to organic part.
Phthalazine as a Diene in Diels–Alder Reactions With P‐ and As‐Containing Anionic Dienophiles: Comparison of Possible Reaction Channels
Authors: Horváth Ádám , Benkő Zoltán 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhthalazine can behave as a diene in Diels–Alder (DA) cycloadditions, typically at the pyridazine ring, however, its application is somewhat limited because these reactions usually require harsh conditions or sophisticated catalysts. As an unconventional example, phthalazine was reported to undergo cycloaddition with the [PCO]− anion without any catalyst. In this computational study, we scrutinise the mechanism of the DA reactions between phthalazine and the so far known [ECX]− (E: P, As; X: O, S, Se) anions as dienophiles. In principle, the attack of an [ECX]− anion may occur at two different sites of phthalazine, either at the benzene or the pyridazine ring, and both of these possible reaction channels were juxtaposed on the basis of energetic aspects. In all of the investigated cases, the analysis of the energy profiles reveals a clear regioselectivity that favours the attack at the pyridazine ring. As a result, so far unprecedented 2‐pnictanaphth‐3‐olate analogues seem achievable as final products. Comparing the characteristics of these pathways allowed us to clarify the source of this regioselectivity: The pyridazine ring of phthalazine exhibits lower aromaticity than the benzene subring; therefore, in the DA step, the former ring shows a higher affinity toward a dienophile than the latter, leading to lower activation barriers. To further map the electronic and structural features of the cycloaddition steps, the local interactions evolving in the transition states were analysed and compared using global and local descriptors. In most aspects, the characteristics of both pathways were found to be rather similar, in contrast to the markedly differing activation barriers on the two routes.
Chemical Doping and O‐Functionalization of Carbon‐Based Electrode to Improve Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Liao Huanxi , Gao Yu , Wang Lijing , Cheng Shuyu , Liu Dezheng , Du Hongfang , Lin Liangxu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) holds promise for large‐scale energy storage applications, despite its lower energy and power densities compared to advanced secondary batteries available today. Carbon materials are considered suitable catalyst electrodes for improving many aspects of the VRFB. However, pristine graphite structures in carbon materials are catalytically inert and require modification to activate their catalytic activity. Among the various strategies developed so far, O‐functionalization and chemical doping of carbon materials are considered some of the most promising pathways to regulate their electronic structures. Building on the catalytic mechanisms involved in the VRFB, this concise review discusses recent advancements in the O‐functionalization and chemical doping of carbon materials. Furthermore, it explores how these materials can be tailored and highlights future directions for developing more promising VRFBs to guide future research.
Selective Degradation of Technically Relevant Lignin to Vanillic Acid and Protocatechuic Acid
Authors: Moeller Finn , Klein Jana , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new and practical method for the thermal degradation of technically relevant bio‐based lignin is presented. By heating a solution of lignin in highly concentrated caustic potash, vanillic acid is almost exclusively obtained in yields up to 10.6 wt %. By altering the reaction parameters, the selectivity of the reaction can be shifted towards the demethylation product, protocatechuic acid, which is obtained in a yield of 6.9 wt %. Furthermore, the procedure was applicable to different types of Kraft and organosolv lignin. To create an economically feasible process, ion exchange resins were used for the work‐up of the highly caustic reaction media without neutralizing the complete mixture. By the selective removal of the desired vanillic acid from the caustic potash, this alkaline media could directly be reused for at least 5 further lignin degradations without significant loss of yield.
Potential planting regions of Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae) under current and future climate in China based on MaxEnt modeling
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Feng , Nizamani Mir Muhammad , Jiang Chao , Fang Fa‐Zhi , Zhao Kun‐Kun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study modeled the habitat distribution of Pterocarpus santalinus, a valuable rosewood species, across China under current and future climate scenarios (SSPs126, SSPs245, and SSPs585) using MaxEnt. Our findings reveal that the current suitable habitat, spanning approximately 409,600 km2, is primarily located in the central and southern parts of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and Yunnan, as well as in the Hainan provinces, along with the coastal regions of Taiwan, and the Sichuan–Chongqing border. The habitat's distribution is significantly influenced by climatic factors such as temperature seasonality (bio4), mean temperature of the wettest quarter (bio8), annual mean temperature (bio1), and annual precipitation (bio12), while terrain and soil factors play a lesser role. Under future climate scenarios, the suitable habitat for P. santalinus is projected to expand, with a northeastward shift in its distribution center. This research not only sheds light on the geoecological characteristics and geographical distribution of P. santalinus in China but also offers a scientific basis for planning its cultivation areas and enhancing cultivation efficiency under changing climate conditions.
Dublin Hareport: The movement ecology and airfield interactions of resident, airside hares, at an international airport
Authors: Ball Samantha , Caravaggi Anthony , Keogh Gerry , Butler Fidelma 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how animals move and use space within an environment is vital for the development and implementation of effective management actions. Within airfield environments, animal movement can present a substantial risk to aircraft, resulting in wildlife‐aircraft collisions (strikes) if animals enter into the manoeuvring areas of the airfield, namely the runways, taxiways and areas that connect the two (hereafter collectively referred to as ‘tarmacked areas’). However, reliable ecological data to inform management decisions can be difficult to obtain in such environments, due to access restrictions. Here, we present the first GPS data describing the movement ecology and spatial use of mammals on an airfield – Irish hare (Lepus timidus hibernicus), at Dublin International Airport – through the deployment of five GPS collars. A total of 4571 tarmacked area interactions were recorded between December 2021 and August 2022, with all five hares engaging with tarmacked areas. Between December and August, the highest number of interactions were recorded for the month of April (n = 1073), followed by March (n = 703). There was a mean of 4.3 (range: 0–65) interactions with tarmacked areas, per hare, per day throughout the study period. Hares most frequently engaged with tarmacked areas between 05:00 and 07:59, with some seasonal variation. The greatest cumulative distance moved per month was observed in May (505 km) and April (503 km). We identified that the average home range size of collared hares was 2.8 km2 (±SD 0.1 km2), based on 95% Kernel Utilisation Distribution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the hares incorporate tarmacked area habitat types into their home ranges with up to 13% of one individual's movements incorporating these areas. Our study demonstrates the suitability of GPS tracking devices for studying the movement ecology of high‐risk mammal species at airfields in order to inform airside management practices.
A study on the reasonable width of narrow coal pillars in the section of hard primary roof hewing along the air excavation roadway
Authors: Meng Wang , Xin Li , Jinshuai Su , Weiwei Liu , Zhongzheng Fang , Shuai Wang , Jiaxu Kang , Wenguang Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAiming at the reasonable width of the narrow coal pillar of a fully mechanized caving face and the safety support of roadway, taking the coal pillar in the section between 110503 and 110505 face of the Yushuling Coal mine as the research background, a model of the hard basic roof fracture structure of fully mechanized caving face is established through theoretical analysis, and the roadway with narrow coal pillar is analyzed mechanically. Combined with the geological conditions of the working face, it is concluded that the low‐stress area is less than 3.29 m. When the internal stress field of the low‐stress environment is considered in the roadway layout, the influence of mining and the essential roof hardness should be considered. The reasonable size of the narrow coal pillar is 3 ~ 6 m, thinking that the load borne by the coal pillar is less than the ultimate strength of the coal pillar. The limit equilibrium theory calculates that the reasonable width of a coal pillar is at least 4 m. The stress and displacement of coal pillars with different widths of 3, 4, 5 and 6 m are analyzed by numerical simulation, and the 4 m narrow coal pillars are simulated and verified. Field industrial tests show that coal pillar and roadway surrounding rock deformation are small under asymmetric surrounding rock control. The research results have been successfully applied to engineering practice and can provide a reference for the research method of narrow coal pillar width under a hard basic roof.
Forecasting Bitcoin returns: Econometric time series analysis vs. machine learning
Authors: Berger Theo , Koubová Jana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study the statistical properties of the Bitcoin return series and provide a thorough forecasting exercise. Also, we calibrate state‐of‐the‐art machine learning techniques and compare the results with econometric time series models. The empirical assessment provides evidence that the application of machine learning techniques outperforms econometric benchmarks in terms of forecasting precision for both in‐ and out‐of‐sample forecasts. We find that both deep learning architectures as well as complex layers, such as LSTM, do not increase the precision of daily forecasts. Specifically, a simple recurrent neural network describes a sensible choice for forecasting daily return series.