bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral candidosis in long‐term hospital care: comparison of edentulous and dentate subjects
Authors: Budtz‐Jørgensen E , Mojon P , Banon‐Clément JM , Baehni P 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To obtain information on the oral health status of the elderly living in a medicalized, geriatric institution.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional clinical investigation with complementary microbiological studies.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 233 elderly in one long‐term care ward; collection of demographic data; clinical examination to determine dental and prosthetic status and health of the oral mucosae; swabs for detection of mucosal and denture colonization by Condido; paraffin stimulated saliva for detection of colonization by mutans streptococci and lactobacilli.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Oral and denture hygiene; oral mucosal health; degree of colonization by Condida, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli.RESULTS: Mean age of the 233 patients was 85.6 ± 6.9 years; 61% were totally dependent, 62.7% were wearing one or two complete dentures; 19.7% had natural teeth and no denture and 17.6% neither teeth nor denture. Of those wearing dentures 72% had denture stomatitis. Of those with natural teeth 72% were affected by active caries. Yeast counts were significantly correlated with the intensity of the erythema of the palatal mucosa, plaque score of the natural teeth, denture plaque score, and salivary counts of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli.CONCLUSIONS: High oral yeast counts and frequent prevalence of oral candidosis in elderly subjects living in institutions are associated with poor oral hygiene and neglect of denture care.
Immunohistochemical localization of mast cells and mast cell‐nerve interactions in oral lichen planus
Authors: Zhao ZZ , Savage NW , Pujic Z. , Walsh LJ 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Mast cell mediators are likely to be involved in at least some aspects of the immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP). The aim of this project was to map mast cell populations in OLP and identify possible sites of mast cell‐nerve interactions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monoclonal antibodies specific for tryptase and neurofilaments were used to identify mast cells and nerves respectively in an immunohistochemical study of OLP (n= 25) and normal oral buccal mucosa (NOBM) (n= 13) using a double‐labelling protocol. Data analysis used paired t‐test, multiway analysis of variance and Wilcoxon rank testS. RESULTS: Morphometric analyses showed the greatest mast cell density in the most superficial of the three depth layers examined in OLP, an increase of 130% compared with NOBM.Mast cells associated with neurofilaments ranged from 21.9% in OLP to 10.2% in NOBM.Mean epithelial thickness was significantly lower in OLP (P < 0.001) but without a strong correlation with mast cell density.CONCLUSIONS: Increased mast cell and mast cell‐nerve interactions in OLP suggest both a controlling role over the lesional cell populations and a secondary role to the immune response once this becomes established.
Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and Ki 67 expression in oral hairy leukoplakia
Authors: Cruchley AT , de Souza YG , Williams DM , Greenspan D , Greenspan JS 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) is an acan‐thotic, hyperparakeratotic lesion characterised by the presence of a replicative Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection in the superficial and adjoining layers of the epithelium. EBV or its gene products are capable of modifying epithelial differentiation. The aim of this study was to establish whether the presence of EBV was associated with an alteration in cell turnover by assessing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and Ki 67 expression in lesional tissue and control mucosa.METHODS: Biopsies of HL together with age, site and sex matched controls (n= 7 and 8 respectively) were incubated in 200 μM BrdU in vitro, fixed in methacarn and processed to paraffin wax. Following acid hydrolysis, incorporated BrdU and Ki 67 were identified in serial 5 fim sections using a three‐stage immunoperoxidase technique and cell density expressed as the number of positive cells per mm basement membrane length.RESULTS: Overall, there was no difference in the number of BrdU positive cells per mm basement membrane length between control and HL tissue. However, within HL alone, the presence'of focal EBV replication was associated with a significant reduction in the number of basal cells incorporating BrdU compared to adjacent EBV free areas (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between Ki 67 positive cells in control and HL tissue and no evidence of a reduction of Ki 67 positive cells in areas associated with EBV replication.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is no evidence of a generalised alteration of the proliferative capacity of basal cells in HL, although the focal reduction in BrdU incorporation may reflect subtle changes on cell turnover by EBV infection.
Prevalence of oral lichen planus in diabetes mellitus according to the type of diabetes
Authors: Petrou‐Amerikanou C , Markopoulos AK , Belazi M , Karamitsos D , Papanayotou P 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of oral lichen planus (OLP) in a population of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) as compared with a control population. DESIGN: A clinicopathologic study.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty‐nine patients with type I DM, 353 patients with type II DM and 274 controls were examined for clinical evidence of OLP. The clinical evidence of OLP in the diabetic and control patients was confirmed by histopathological examination.RESULTS: The prevalence of OLP in type I diabetic patients was 5.76%, in type II 2.83%, and 1.82% in the controls. The prevalence of OLP was significantly higher in patients with type I DM and slightly higher in patients with type II DM in comparison to the prevalence in the control sample.CONCLUSIONS: The above findings and the fact that type I diabetes and OLP are characterized by autoimmune phenomena and T cell immune responses respectively, suggest that the immune system may play a critical role in the appearance of OLP in patients with type I DM.
Alteration of integrin expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Maragou P. , Bazopoulou‐Kyrkanidou E. , Panotopoulou E. , Kakarantza‐Angelopoulou E. , Sklavounou‐Andrikopoulou A. , Kotaridis S. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the intensity of expression of β1, α2, α3, α5, α6 integrin subunits in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as opposed to normal oral epithelium, and the intensity of expression and distribution pattern of the above subunits in relation to tumour differentiation grade.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cryostat sections of 25 cases of oral SCC and 15 cases of normal oral epithelium were studied by immunohistochemistry (APAAP method).RESULTS: The intensity of expression of β1, α2 (Pearson χ2P < 0.001) and α6 (Test for Trend P < 0.05) integrin subunits was reduced significantly in SCC compared to normal oral epithelium. All integrin subunits were mainly expressed in the peripheral cell layer of tumour islandS. No correlation was found between the intensity of integrin expression and the degree of differentiation in SCC. The same applied to the distribution pattern of the integrin subunitS. By means of cross examination of all integrins, the loss of intensity of α2β1 integrin expression was found to have the strongest correlation with oral SCC (Ordered Logistic Regression).CONCLUSIONS: Reduced intensity of expression of all subunits was found in oral SCC compared to normal epithelium. Further investigation is needed to determine whether α2β1 integrin expression can be used as a prognostic evaluator for the behaviour of the disease.
Associations between self‐assessed masticatory ability, nutritional status, prosthetic status and salivary flow rate in hospitalized elders
Authors: Dormenval V. , Mojon P. , Budtz‐Jørgensen E. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To compare the association between self‐assessed masticatory ability and nutritional status with general health status, salivary flow and dental/prosthetic status.DESIGN: A questionnaire and a cross‐sectional clinical investigation combined with a measurement of salivary flow rates.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 99 elderly, non‐psychiatric patients in a geriatric hospital; clinical examination to determine dental and prosthetic status, oral health and whole unstimulated (USFR) and stimulated (SSFR) salivary flow rates, examination of anthropometric measures, serum albumin level and body mass index (BMI); questionnaire designed to produce yes or no answers related to masticatory function, nutritional status, appetite and prosthesis function; mini mental score examination (MMES).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: USFR, SSFR, BMI, anthropometric measures and serum albumin level; complaints related to appetite and xerostomia. RESULTS: Mean age of the 99 patients was 82.5 ± 4.04 with a MMES of >21; 50% with malnutrition of severe or intermediate degree, and 86% with moderately or severely reduced serum albumin concentration; 55% reported recent loss of appetite and 52% had symptoms of oral drynesS. Recent loss of appetite was associated with reduced serum albumin and complaints of dry mouth and lack of appetite was associated with BMI 21, 10% weight loss during the preceeding 6 months, SSFR ≤0.5 ml min‐1 and wearing dentureS. Complaints on poor retention of the maxillary denture were associated with recent weight loss and SSFR ≤0.5 ml min‐1.CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition in hospitalized elders is primarily associated with recent loss or lack of appetite whereas complaints related to dentures are associated with poor denture quality.
Identification of two novel mutations in keratin 13 as the cause of white sponge naevus
Authors: Rugg EL , Magee GJ , Wilson NJ , Brandrup F. , Hamburger J. , Lane EB 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: White sponge naevus (WSN) is a rare autosomal dominant condition which is characterised by benign, white spongy plaques (oral leukokeratoses) affecting non‐cornifying, wet mucosa. WSN shares several ultrastructural characteristics (eg, epithelial thickening, acanthosis, keratin filament aggregation) with a number of epithelial disorders caused by mutations in keratin genes and to‐date two mutations, one in each of the mucosal specific keratins, K4 and K13, have been identified as the molecular basis of the disorder.OBJECTIVES: To identify the molecular basis of WSN in two families with a history of the disease.RESULTS: Two novel mutations were identified in helix initiation motif of K13.A T‐to‐C transition was found in the affected members of one family which is predicted to change leucine115 to proline. In the second family, a similar T‐to‐C transition was found in codon 108 which is predicted to change methionine to threonine in the protein sequence. These changes were not found in 50 unrelated, unaffected individuals.CONCLUSIONS: The mutations in the helix initiation motif of K13 are the cause of WSN in these families. These cases confirm mutations in the mucosal specific keratins as a significant cause of the disorder.
Salivary lysozyme and related parameters of a predominantly Chinese, HIV‐infected cohort in Hong Kong
Authors: Tsang CSP , Samaranayake LP 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the salivary lysozyme concentration, flow rate and pH of a predominantly Chinese, HIV‐infected group in Hong Kong, and to compare with an equal number of age and gender‐matched HIV‐free individuals.STUDY DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study over a 12–month period of 32 predominantly Chinese, male, HIV‐infected group in a hospital setting in Hong Kong. Whole saliva collection by expectoration, lysozyme evaluation by ‘lysoplate method pH and flow rate evaluation using standard methods and correlation with other clinical parameters using regression analysis.RESULTS: The flow rate and the pH of saliva were lower compared with HIV‐free, healthy individuals (bothP< 0.0001) and salivary lysozyme concentration of the HIV‐infected group was 23% higher compared with the HIV‐free group (P< 0.001), though there was no significant difference between the lysozyme output (P> 0.05) expressed as μg min‐1. On multiple regression analysis, intravenous drug users had a higher salivary lysozyme concentration compared with the homosexual group (P= 0.0015) though other variables investigated were not significantly related to the salivary lysozyme concentrations.CONCLUSIONS: The significant changes in the flow rate, pH value and lysozyme concentration of whole saliva of the HIV‐infected individuals as compared with the HIV‐free, healthy individuals, may be due to the disease itself or a combination of factors including the medications used in the disease management.
Immunohistochemical detection of insulin‐like growth factor‐I in the labial salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Markopoulos AK , Poulopoulos AK , Kayavis I , Papanayotou P 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) in the labial salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome and healthy controls and to determine if there are any differences between these two groups.DESIGN: An immunohistochemical study.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty‐five patients with Sjögren's syndrome, 20 healthy controls and 20 patients with mucoceles of the lip were used in this study. All individuals underwent a systemic evaluation and a lip biopsy. Sections from the lip biopsies were stained with haema‐toxylin and eosin (H&E). Immunohistochemical staining was also performed using a three‐step indirect immunoperoxidase for IGF‐I.RESULTS: The light microscopic examination revealed the presence of a mononuclear infiltration in the labial salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Most of the infiltrates were lymphocytes. Immunohistochemically an intense staining result was apparent in the same group. In contrast sections of labial salivary glands of healthy individuals and of patients with mucoceles revealed very weak staining.CONCLUSIONS: The above findings and the fact that both lymphocytic infiltration and IGF‐I were predominantely seen in ductal regions, suggest that IGF‐I may be a target of autoimmunity in Sjögren's syndrome.
HPV and other risk factors of oral cavity/oropharyngeal cancer in the Czech Republic
Authors: Tachezy R , Klozar J , Saláková M , Smith E , Turek L , Betka J , Kodet R , Hamšíková E 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  An association between high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) infection and a risk of development of a subgroup of head and neck cancers has been proposed recently. The main risk factors of oral and oropharyngal cancer observed in our population are smoking and alcohol consumption. The incidence of oral/oropharyngeal tumours in the Czech Republic is relatively high and there are no data available about the prevalence of HPV DNA presence in these tumours.Materials and methods:  Eighty patients with a primary oropharyngeal cancer were enrolled. The presence of HPV DNA has been evaluated by polymerase chain reaction in 68 cases from which the tumour tissue and demographical and clinical data were available. The typing of HPV was performed by nucleotide DNA sequencing.Results:  The HPV DNA was detected in 51.5% of samples tested. Among the HPV DNA positive tumours, 80% contained HPV16. In the analysed group there were 54 men and 14 women. The prevalence of HPV DNA was lower in oral (25%) than in oropharyngeal (57%) tumours, and higher in never smokers (100%) and never drinkers (68.8%). HPV DNA presence was not related to gender, age, number of lifetime sexual partners or practice of oral‐genital sex, size of tumour or presence of regional metastases.Conclusions:  The difference in the prevalence of HPV DNA positive tumours between cases of oral cavity and oropharyngeal carcinoma exposed and not exposed to tobacco or alcohol support the theory that HPV DNA positive tumours form an aetiologically distinct subgroup of head and neck tumours.
Woman and Partner-Perceived Partner Responses Predict Pain and Sexual Satisfaction in Provoked Vestibulodynia (PVD) Couples
Authors: Rosen Natalie O. , Bergeron Sophie , Leclerc Bianca , Lambert Bernard , Steben Marc 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a highly prevalent vulvovaginal pain condition that results in significant sexual dysfunction, psychological distress, and reduced quality of life. Although some intra-individual psychological factors have been associated with PVD, studies to date have neglected the interpersonal context of this condition.

Aim
We examined whether partner responses to women’s pain experience—from the perspective of both the woman and her partner—are associated with pain intensity, sexual function, and sexual satisfaction.

Methods
One hundred ninety-one couples (M age for women = 33.28, standard deviation [SD] = 12.07, M age for men = 35.79, SD = 12.44) in which the woman suffered from PVD completed the spouse response scale of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory, assessing perceptions of partners’ responses to the pain. Women with PVD also completed measures of pain, sexual function, sexual satisfaction, depression, and dyadic adjustment.

Main Outcome Measures
Dependent measures were women’s responses to: (i) a horizontal analog scale assessing the intensity of their pain during intercourse; (ii) the Female Sexual Function Index; and (iii) the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction Scale.

Results
Controlling for depression, higher solicitous partner responses were associated with higher levels of women’s vulvovaginal pain intensity. This association was significant for partner-perceived responses (β = 0.29, P &lt; 0.001) and for woman-perceived partner responses (β = 0.16, P = 0.04). After controlling for sexual function and dyadic adjustment, woman-perceived greater solicitous partner responses (β = 0.16, P = 0.02) predicted greater sexual satisfaction. Partner-perceived responses did not predict women’s sexual satisfaction. Partner responses were not associated with women’s sexual function.

Conclusions
Findings support the integration of dyadic processes in the conceptualization and treatment of PVD by suggesting that partner responses to pain affect pain intensity and sexual satisfaction in affected women.
Assessing Background Ground Water Chemistry beneath a New Unsewered Subdivision
Authors: Wilcox Jeffrey D. , Bradbury Kenneth R. , Thomas Curtis L. , Bahr Jean M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPrevious site‐specific studies designed to assess the impacts of unsewered subdivisions on ground water quality have relied on upgradient monitoring wells or very limited background data to characterize conditions prior to development. In this study, an extensive monitoring program was designed to document ground water conditions prior to construction of a rural subdivision in south‐central Wisconsin. Previous agricultural land use has impacted ground water quality; concentrations of chloride, nitrate‐nitrogen, and atrazine ranged from below the level of detection to 296 mg/L, 36 mg/L, and 0.8 μg/L, respectively, and were highly variable from well to well and through time. Seasonal variations in recharge, surface topography, aquifer heterogeneities, surficial loading patterns, and well casing depth explain observed variations in ground water chemistry. This variability would not have been detected if background conditions were determined from only a few monitoring wells or inferred from wells located upgradient of the subdivision site. This project demonstrates the importance of characterizing both ground water quality and chemical variability prior to land‐use change to detect any changes once homes are constructed.
Computing “Anomalous” Contaminant Transport in Porous Media: The CTRW MATLAB Toolbox
Authors: Cortis Andrea , Berkowitz Brian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe describe the continuous time random walk (CTRW) MATLAB toolbox, a collection of MATLAB scripts and functions that compute breakthrough curves (BTCs) and one‐dimensional/two‐dimensional (1D/2D) resident concentration profiles for passive tracer dispersion. The transport model is based on the CTRW theory. CTRW includes as special cases the classical Fickian dispersion based advection‐dispersion equation, multirate and mobile‐immobile models, and the fractional‐in‐time derivative transport equation. Several models for treating the memory effects responsible for the anomalous character of dispersion have been implemented in the CTRW toolbox. In the current version of the toolbox, it is possible to solve explicitly for the forward problem (concentration prediction) in 1D and 2D and for the inverse problem (parameter identification from experimental BTC data) in 1D. Future extensions will include explicit treatment of sorbing tracers, simple subroutines for treating radial flow from wells, introduction of arbitrary initial conditions, treatment of heterogeneous domains by use of the Fokker‐Planck with Memory equation, and treatment of transport in multidimensional systems.
Geochemistry of Extremely Alkaline (pH > 12) Ground Water in Slag‐Fill Aquifers
Authors: Roadcap George S. , Kelly Walton R. , Bethke Craig M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractExtremely alkaline ground water has been found underneath many shuttered steel mills and slag dumps and has been an impediment to the cleanup and economic redevelopment of these sites because little is known about the geochemistry. A large number of these sites occur in the Lake Calumet region of Chicago, Illinois, where large‐scale infilling of the wetlands with steel slag has created an aquifer with pH values as high as 12.8. To understand the geochemistry of the alkaline ground water system, we analyzed samples of ground water and the associated slag and weathering products from four sites. We also considered several potential remediation schemes to lower the pH and toxicity of the water. The principal cause of the alkaline conditions is the weathering of calcium silicates within the slag. The resulting ground water at most of the sites is dominated by Ca2+ and OH− in equilibrium with Ca(OH)2. Where the alkaline ground water discharges in springs, atmospheric CO2 dissolves into the water and thick layers of calcite form. Iron, manganese, and other metals in the metallic portion of the slag have corroded to form more stable low‐temperature oxides and sulfides and have not accumulated in large concentrations in the ground water. Calcite precipitated at the springs is rich in a number of heavy metals, suggesting that metals can move through the system as particulate matter. Air sparging appears to be an effective remediation strategy for reducing the toxicity of discharging alkaline water.
Influence of Small‐Scale Heterogeneities on Contaminant Transport in Fractured Crystalline Rock
Authors: Mettier Ralph , Kosakowski Georg , Kolditz Olaf 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present a sequence of purely advective transport models that demonstrate the influence of small‐scale geometric inhomogeneities on contaminant transport in fractured crystalline rock. Special weight is placed on the role of statistically generated variable fracture apertures. The fracture network geometry and the aperture distribution are based on information from an in situ radionuclide retardation experiment performed at Grimsel test site (Swiss Alps). The obtained breakthrough curves are fitted with the advection dispersion equation and continuous‐time random walks (CTRW). CTRW is found to provide superior fits to the late‐arrival tailing and is also found to show a good correlation with the velocity distributions obtained from the hydraulic models. The impact of small‐scale heterogeneities, both in fracture geometry and aperture, on transport is shown to be considerable.