bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BaO Clusters on MgO Nanocubes: A Quantitative Analysis of Optical‐Powder Properties
Authors: Sternig Andreas , Müller Markus , McCallum Mark , Bernardi Johannes , Diwald Oliver 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUniformly sized and shaped nanoparticles are well suited for the quantitative characterization of optical‐powder properties. For the first time, quantum yields related to photoluminescence emissions that originate from the photoexcitation of MgO nanocube corners and edges are measured. In addition, the surfaces of these nanoparticles are doped with submonolayer barium, which oxidizes during adsorption onto the MgO nanocrystal surfaces and transforms in O2 atmosphere into BaO. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy is employed to explore whether 10−3 monolayer equivalents of these dopants affect the MgO specific optical properties. Surface‐admixed BaO produces additional absorption and photoluminescence emission features but does not significantly affect those specific to MgO nanocubes. On this basis the number of optically active sites that can be sampled inside a powder of alkaline earth oxide nanoparticles using a standard spectrometer system is estimated.
Influence of Nitrogen Rate on Cercospora Leaf Spot and Growth of Crapemyrtle
Authors: Hagan A. K. , Akridge J. R. , Bowen K. L. 
Published: December 2009

The impact of N rate on development of Cercospora leaf spot on field grown ‘Carolina Beauty’ crapemyrtle and the impact of this disease, as well as N rate, on plant growth was assessed in Alabama. From 2002 to 2005, ammonium nitrate was applied at an N rate of 2, 4.1, 8.3, 16.5, 33.0, and 66.0 g/m2. Heritage 50W fungicide was applied to one tree in each plot, while the second tree was not treated. Powdery mildew was very sporadic and was not related to N rate. An N rate-related reduction in Cercospora leaf spot intensity and defoliation was noted on the non-fungicide and fungicide treated trees in 2005 but not in 2003 and 2004. In 2005, reductions in disease intensity and defoliation were obtained at the three highest N rates of 16.5, 33, and 66 g/m2 compared to the two lowest N rates of 2 and 4.1 g/m2. Regardless of N rate, Heritage 50W suppressed Cercospora leaf spot. Despite considerable leaf spotting and premature defoliation, Cercospora leaf spot did not impact crapemyrtle growth. Increasing N rates was less effective than Heritage 50W fungicide in controlling Cercospora leaf spot and also failed to enhance tree growth. Accepted for publication 10 September 2009. Published 14 December 2009.
Robust dynamics of Amazon dieback to climate change with perturbed ecosystem model parameters
Authors: POULTER BENJAMIN , HATTERMANN FRED , HAWKINS ED , ZAEHLE SÖNKE , SITCH STEPHEN , RESTREPO‐COUPE NATALIA , HEYDER URSULA , CRAMER WOLFGANG 
Published: December 2009

AbstractClimate change science is increasingly concerned with methods for managing and integrating sources of uncertainty from emission storylines, climate model projections, and ecosystem model parameterizations. In tropical ecosystems, regional climate projections and modeled ecosystem responses vary greatly, leading to a significant source of uncertainty in global biogeochemical accounting and possible future climate feedbacks. Here, we combine an ensemble of IPCC‐AR4 climate change projections for the Amazon Basin (eight general circulation models) with alternative ecosystem parameter sets for the dynamic global vegetation model, LPJmL. We evaluate LPJmL simulations of carbon stocks and fluxes against flux tower and aboveground biomass datasets for individual sites and the entire basin. Variability in LPJmL model sensitivity to future climate change is primarily related to light and water limitations through biochemical and water‐balance‐related parameters. Temperature‐dependent parameters related to plant respiration and photosynthesis appear to be less important than vegetation dynamics (and their parameters) for determining the magnitude of ecosystem response to climate change. Variance partitioning approaches reveal that relationships between uncertainty from ecosystem dynamics and climate projections are dependent on geographic location and the targeted ecosystem process. Parameter uncertainty from the LPJmL model does not affect the trajectory of ecosystem response for a given climate change scenario and the primary source of uncertainty for Amazon ‘dieback’ results from the uncertainty among climate projections. Our approach for describing uncertainty is applicable for informing and prioritizing policy options related to mitigation and adaptation where long‐term investments are required.
Land Commodification: New Land Development and Politics in China since the Late 1990s
Authors: XU JIANG , YEH ANTHONY , WU FULONG 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article examines the development of the land market in China since the late 1990s. It analyses new practices in which urban space is commodified through ad hoc market development, and argues that the structure of the land market is indeed becoming more complicated and that land sales are pervasive and rampant. Under such circumstances, the state has rearticulated its function in land governance in order to apply a more consolidated regulatory power. The politics behind the development of the land market and the rearticulation of the state are explored with reference to the changing role of the state in land commodification. It is argued that, if we understand the market as an emerging institution, the development of the market has been supported by the state. Regulatory land control is becoming a new way for the state to be involved in space commodification.Résumé Cet article porte sur l'évolution du marché foncier en Chine depuis la fin des années 1990. Il analyse de nouvelles pratiques par lesquelles l'espace urbain est marchandiséà travers le développement de marchés spécifiques; de plus, il montre que la structure du marché foncier devient vraiment plus compliquée et que les ventes de terrains se généralisent à grande échelle. Face à cette situation, l'État a réorganisé sa fonction en matière de gouvernance foncière afin d'exercer un pouvoir régulateur plus intégré. La politique à la base de l'essor du marché foncier et la réorganisation étatique sont examinées au regard du nouveau rôle de l'État dans la marchandisation des terrains. Si on considère le marché comme une institution émergente, son développement a donc reçu le soutien de l'État. Ce dernier trouve dans le contrôle régulateur du foncier une nouvelle façon d'être partie prenante dans la marchandisation de l'espace.
Analysis of risk factors for persistent gestational trophoblastic disease
Authors: KHOO Soo‐Keat , BAARTZ David , SIDHU Mukhtiar , YIP Wai‐Lum , TRIPCONY Lee 
Published: December 2009

Setting:  Persistent disease is a serious consequence of molar pregnancies. Its early detection is critical to effective chemotherapy. Therefore, determination of risk becomes an important clinical decision.Objectives:  To determine the relative risk of persistent disease in a cohort of patients with partial and complete molar pregnancies by analysis of five factors derived from a database using multivariate analysis.Results:  Of 686 patients, 78 developed persistent disease which required treatment (rate of 11.3%). Risk was markedly increased when serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) failed to reach negative by 12 weeks after evacuation [hazard ratio (HR) = 120.78, P < 0.001]. Risk was markedly decreased when the interval from last pregnancy exceeded 12 months (HR = 0.24, P = 0.005). Other factors such as patient’s age, stage of gestation and serum HCG level at presentation were not found to be strongly associated with risk of persistent disease.Conclusion:  These findings support the application of the following two factors in risk prediction for molar pregnancies: > 12 weeks to become HCG negative and interval from last pregnancy < 12 months. They will contribute to a greater awareness of persistent disease and assist in early detection and effective chemotherapy.
Allele‐specific PCR can improve the efficiency of experimental resolution of heterozygotes in resequencing studies
Authors: CHEN HAOFENG , MORRELL PETER L. , TOLENO DONNA M. , LUNDY KAREN E. , CLEGG MICHAEL T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractResolution of the two haplotypes present in an individual that is heterozygous at a locus has been a difficult problem for nucleotide sequence‐based population genetic studies. Here, we demonstrate a method in which allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (AS‐PCR) and computational phasing are combined for relatively high‐throughput, efficient resolution of phase in resequencing studies. Using data from multiple loci that were fully experimentally phased, we demonstrate that the popular computational tool PHASE can accurately phase heterozygous individuals with common SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and/or common haplotypes. However, we also demonstrate that experimental phasing with AS‐PCR can efficiently supplement computational phasing, providing a rapid means to phase individuals with rare SNPs or haplotypes and with heterozygous insertion/deletion polymorphisms. By following simple stepwise procedures, AS‐PCR can result in much more efficient and accurate experimental phasing of haplotypes than is possible with traditional methods such as cloning.
A Novel Internal Model-Based Tracking Control for a Class of Linear Time-Varying Systems
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Sun Zongxuan 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
This paper provides a novel method of constructing an internal model-based design of reference tracking and/or disturbance rejection for a class of linear time-varying plants with a known linear time invariant (LTI) exosystem. It is shown how the realization of an appropriate time-varying internal model can be constructed by means of a novel feedback mechanism. The design of the internal model consists of two ingredients: (1) a time-varying system immersion of the exosystem, and (2) an automatic generation of the desired control input to render the error-zeroing subspace invariant, based on the complete knowledge of the plant model. The important features of the proposed method lie in that the tracking problem setup and the proposed feedback mechanism allow us to avoid explicitly calculating the desired input, which keeps the regulated error identically at zero. Moreover the time-varying immersion is guaranteed to hold for the class of plant models under consideration. These features significantly broaden the range of applications of the proposed method, and simplify the control implementation process.
Cell-cycle regulator E2F1 and microRNA-223 comprise an autoregulatory negative feedback loop in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Pulikkan John A. , Dengler Viola , Peramangalam Philomina S. , Peer Zada Abdul A. , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Bohlander Stefan K. , Tenen Daniel G. , Behre Gerhard 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is essential for granulopoiesis and its function is deregulated in leukemia. Inhibition of E2F1, the master regulator of cell-cycle progression, by C/EBPα is pivotal for granulopoiesis. Recent studies show microRNA-223 (miR-223), a transcriptional target of C/EBPα, as a critical player during granulopoiesis. In this report, we demonstrate that during granulopoiesis microRNA-223 targets E2F1. E2F1 protein was up-regulated in miR-223 null mice. We show that miR-223 blocks cell-cycle progression in myeloid cells. miR-223 is down-regulated in different subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We further show that E2F1 binds to the miR-223 promoter in AML blast cells and inhibits miR-223 transcription, suggesting that E2F1 is a transcriptional repressor of the miR-223 gene in AML. Our study supports a molecular network involving miR-223, C/EBPα, and E2F1 as major components of the granulocyte differentiation program, which is deregulated in AML.
Array-based DNA methylation profiling of primary lymphomas of the central nervous system
Authors: Richter Julia , Ammerpohl Ole , Martín-Subero José I , Montesinos-Rongen Manuel , Bibikova Marina , Wickham-Garcia Eliza , Wiestler Otmar D , Deckert Martina , Siebert Reiner 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
Although primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (PCNSL) and extracerebral diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cannot be distinguished histologically, it is still a matter of debate whether PCNSL differ from systemic DLBCL with respect to their molecular features and pathogenesis. Analysis of the DNA methylation pattern might provide further data distinguishing these entities at a molecular level.

Methods
Using an array-based technology we have assessed the DNA methylation status of 1,505 individual CpG loci in five PCNSL and compared the results to DNA methylation profiles of 49 DLBCL and ten hematopoietic controls.

Results
We identified 194 genes differentially methylated between PCNSL and normal controls. Interestingly, Polycomb target genes and genes with promoters showing a high CpG content were significantly enriched in the group of genes hypermethylated in PCNSL. However, PCNSL and systemic DLBCL did not differ in their methylation pattern.

Conclusions
Based on the data presented here, PCNSL and DLBCL do not differ in their DNA methylation pattern. Thus, DNA methylation analysis does not support a separation of PCNSL and DLBCL into individual entities. However, PCNSL and DLBCL differ in their DNA methylation pattern from non- malignant controls.
Identification of a novel betaherpesvirus in Mus musculus
Authors: Teterina Alla , Richter Dania , Matuschka Franz-Rainer , Ehlers Bernhard , Voigt Sebastian 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Rodent betaherpesviruses vary considerably in genomic content, and these variations can result in a distinct pathogenicity. Therefore, the identification of unknown betaherpesviruses in house mice (Mus musculus), the most important rodent host species in basic research, is of importance. During a search for novel herpesviruses in house mice using herpesvirus consensus PCR and attempts to isolate viruses in tissue culture, we identified a previously unknown betaherpesvirus. The primary PCR search in mouse organs revealed the presence of known strains of murine cytomegalovirus (Murid herpesvirus 1) and of Mus musculus rhadinovirus 1 only. However, the novel virus was detected after incubation of organ pieces in fibroblast tissue culture and subsequent PCR analysis of the supernatants. Long-distance PCR amplification including the DNA polymerase and glycoprotein B genes revealed a 3.4 kb sequence that was similar to sequences of rodent cytomegaloviruses. Pairwise sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses showed that this newly identified murine virus is most similar to the English isolate of rat cytomegalovirus, thereby raising the possibility that two distinct CMV lineages have evolved in both Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus.
Upregulation of Casein Kinase 1∊ in Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Cord after Mouse Spinal Nerve Injury Contributes to Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Sakurai Eri , Kurihara Takashi , Kouchi Kasumi , Saegusa Hironao , Zong Shuqin , Tanabe Tsutomu 
Published: December 2009

Background Neuropathic pain is a complex chronic pain generated by damage to, or pathological changes in the somatosensory nervous system. Characteristic features of neuropathic pain are allodynia, hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain. Such abnormalities associated with neuropathic pain state remain to be a significant clinical problem. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain are complex and still poorly understood. Casein kinase 1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase and has been implicated in a wide range of signaling activities such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, circadian rhythms and membrane transport. In mammals, the CK1 family consists of seven members (α, β, γ1, γ2, γ3, δ, and ∊) with a highly conserved kinase domain and divergent amino- and carboxy-termini. Results Preliminary cDNA microarray analysis revealed that the expression of the casein kinase 1 epsilon ( CK1) mRNA in the spinal cord of the neuropathic pain-resistant N- type Ca2+ channel deficient ( Cav2.2−/−) mice was decreased by the spinal nerve injury. The same injury exerted no effects on the expression of CK1 mRNA in the wild-type mice. Western blot analysis of the spinal cord identified the downregulation of CK1∊ protein in the injured Cav2.2−/− mice, which is consistent with the data of microarray analysis. However, the expression of CK1∊ protein was found to be up-regulated in the spinal cord of injured wild-type mice. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the spinal nerve injury changed the expression profiles of CK1∊ protein in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the spinal cord neurons. Both the percentage of CK1∊-positive neurons and the expression level of CK1∊ protein were increased in DRG and the spinal cord of the neuropathic mice. These changes were reversed in the spinal cord of the injured Cav2.2−/− mice. Furthermore, intrathecal administration of a CK1 inhibitor IC261 produced marked anti-allodynic and antihyperalgesic effects on the neuropathic mice. In addition, primary afferent fiber-evoked spinal excitatory responses in the neuropathic mice were reduced by IC261. Conclusions These results suggest that CK1∊ plays important physiological roles in neuropathic pain signaling. Therefore CK1∊ is a useful target for analgesic drug development.
A Neo-Sex Chromosome That Drives Postzygotic Sex Determination in the Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor)
Authors: Benatti Thiago R , Valicente Fernando H , Aggarwal Rajat , Zhao Chaoyang , Walling Jason G , Chen Ming-Shun , Cambron Sue E , Schemerhorn Brandon J , Stuart Jeffrey J 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo nonoverlapping autosomal inversions defined unusual neo-sex chromosomes in the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor). Like other neo-sex chromosomes, these were normally heterozygous, present only in one sex, and suppressed recombination around a sex-determining master switch. Their unusual properties originated from the anomalous Hessian fly sex determination system in which postzygotic chromosome elimination is used to establish the sex-determining karyotypes. This system permitted the evolution of a master switch (Chromosome maintenance, Cm) that acts maternally. All of the offspring of females that carry Cm-associated neo-sex chromosomes attain a female-determining somatic karyotype and develop as females. Thus, the chromosomes act as maternal effect neo-W's, or W-prime (W′) chromosomes, where ZW′ females mate with ZZ males to engender female-producing (ZW′) and male-producing (ZZ) females in equal numbers. Genetic mapping and physical mapping identified the inversions. Their distribution was determined in nine populations. Experimental matings established the association of the inversions with Cm and measured their recombination suppression. The inversions are the functional equivalent of the sciarid X-prime chromosomes. We speculate that W′ chromosomes exist in a variety of species that produce unisexual broods.
A novel technique for ultra‐low contrast administration during angiography or intervention
Authors: Nayak Keshav R. , Mehta Hirsch S. , Price Matthew J. , Russo Robert J. , Stinis Curtiss T. , Moses Jeffrey W. , Mehran Roxana , Leon Martin B. , Kandzari David E. , Teirstein Paul S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) after coronary angiography or intervention is associated with substantial morbidity. The data supporting various prophylactic measures and adjunctive therapies to prevent this complication are conflicting. However, contrast volume is clearly related to CIN after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and the risk of CIN has been shown to be directly related to contrast dose. Therefore, minimizing contrast exposure is a primary method to reduce the risk of CIN, especially in at‐risk patients. We report a novel technique designed to deliver ultra‐low (<15 cm3) volume contrast to patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing coronary angiography and PCI. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nodular, lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Biasoli Irene , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Meignin Véronique , Delmer Alain , Reman Oumedaly , Morschhauser Franck , Coiffier Bertrand , Bosly André , Diviné Marine , Brice Pauline 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Nodular, lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) represents a rare entity.METHODS:A clinical registry was launched from 1973 to 2003 in France. To determine the histologic transformation (HT) rate to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and long‐term outcomes, 164 patients were selected after histologic review.RESULTS:The median follow‐up was 9.5 years. The high biopsy rate (85%) at each recurrence enabled the analysis of HT. The median patient age was 30 years (range, 6‐69 years), 80% of patients were men, 83% had Ann Arbor stage I/II disease, 65% had supradiaphragmatic‐disease; 27% received radiotherapy, 9% received chemotherapy, 29% received combined‐modality therapy, and 35% were followed with a watch‐and‐wait strategy. All 106 treated patients achieved complete remission and 66 patients developed disease recurrence at a median of 3.3 years (range, 0.4‐18.3 years after diagnosis). The majority of recurrences were NLPHL, but 19 patients progressed to DLBCL at a median of 4.7 years (range, 0.4‐18 years after diagnosis). The 10‐year cumulative HT rate was 12% and was found to be associated significantly with a poor prognosis. The 10‐year overall survival rate was 91%. Fourteen patients died (7 died of progressive disease, 3 died of secondary cancers, and 4 died from other causes). HT was diagnosed at a median of 4.7 years (range, 0.4‐18 years after diagnosis). The 19 patients who had HT were treated with curative intent: Nine patients received high‐dose therapy with subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and 10 patients received different chemotherapy regimens. The overall survival rate after HT did not differ between patients who underwent ASCT and the others.CONCLUSIONS:This long‐term follow‐up study confirmed that NLPHL is a separate entity that has a favorable clinical presentation and outcome despite frequent recurrences. The current findings also emphasize the importance of biopsies at the time patients develop recurrent disease to evaluate HT. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A Comparative Study on the Lithium‐Ion Storage Performances of Carbon Nanotubes and Tube‐in‐Tube Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Xu Yi‐Jun , Liu Xi , Cui Guanglei , Zhu Bo , Weinberg Gisela , Schlögl Robert , Maier Joachim , Su Dang Sheng 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA comparative study of the electrochemical performances of carbon nanotubes and tube‐in‐tube carbon nanotubes reveals a dependence effect of lithium‐ion storage behavior on the detailed nanostructure of carbon nanotubes. In particular, the impurity that graphitic particles or graphene fragments inherently present in carbon nanotubes plays a crucial role in the lithium‐ion storage capacity of the carbon nanotubes. Compared to acid‐washed carbon nanotubes, the assembly of graphitic impurity fragments in the tube‐in‐tube structures hinders lithium‐ion diffusion, thus drastically decreasing the rate performance of lithium‐ion storage. Significantly, our results indicate that the lithium‐ion storage capacity of carbon nanotubes as anode electrodes can be improved or controlled by optimizing the microstructure composition of impurity graphitic nanoparticles or graphene fragments in the matrix of the carbon nanotubes.