bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in mothers and term babies
Authors: Kilari Anitha S. , Mehendale Savita S. , Dangat Kamini D. , Yadav Hemlata R. , Kulakarni Asmita V. , Dhobale Madhavi V. , Taralekar Vaishali S. , Joshi Sadhana R. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Aim: To establish the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in both plasma and erythrocytes of maternal and cord blood as well as in breast milk of mothers delivering babies at term.

Methods: A total of 148 mothers delivering babies at term were recruited from Bharati Medical Hospital, Pune, India.

Results: Levels of DHA and AA in both plasma and erythrocyte were higher in cord blood compared to levels in maternal blood (P<0.001). Maternal plasma and erythrocyte DHA levels had a positive association with the respective levels in cord blood (P<0.001). However, such an association was not seen for AA levels. Maternal plasma omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids were positively associated with the respective milk fatty acids (P<0.01).

Conclusions: Our results indicate that milk long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) status reflects the concentrations of maternal LCPUFA in women delivering babies at term. Improving the maternal LCPUFA status throughout pregnancy and lactation may improve the milk LCPUFA status and ultimately benefit the infant.
When uncertainty generates more anxiety than severity: the prenatal experience with cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung
Authors: Aite Lucia , Zaccara Antonio , Trucchi Alessandro , Brizzi Christiana , Nahom Antonella , Iacobelli Barbara , Capolupo Irma , Bagolan Pietro 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Aim: To assess reasons for higher levels of anxiety generated by prenatal counselling of a condition with good outcome such as cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung compared to a life-threatening malformation such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Materials and methods: The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) was used to measure anxiety in two groups of mothers carrying a fetus with the respective malformation.

Results: Forty-four mothers completed the questionnaire (CCAM, n=21 and CDH, n=23). Before consultation, the mean STAI-S scores in the CCAM group (44.80±5.92) and in CDH group (44.05±4.96) were not significantly different but was significantly reduced in both groups after consultation (CCAM 44.80 vs. 41.60, P=0.014 and CDH 44.05 vs. 34.35, P=0.0001). The groups were not significantly different regarding gestational age at diagnosis.

Conclusions: After initial prenatal counselling, uncertainty about prenatal outcome and lack of defined management plans in CCAM seems to be more important than higher mortality rate occurring in CDH.
Effect of exogenous surfactant therapy on levels of pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Bae Young Min , Bae Chong-Woo , Oh Myung Ho , Lee Sang Han , Woo Kee Min , Jung Keum Bun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives:To examine whether exogenous pulmonary surfactants (exPS) substitute for or merely supplement endogenous pulmonary surfactants (enPS) by looking at sequential changes in the surfactant proteins (SP) SP-A and SP-D in alveolar pools.Methods:Fourteen preterm infants with RDS treated with an artificial surfactant were compared to five normal-term infants without RDS who were treated with artificial ventilation at birth.Results:Immediately after birth, SP-A and SP-D were essentially absent in the alveolar pools of the RDS group, but were present at normal levels in the controls. Treatment with exPS apparently stimulated enPS production.Conclusions:In infants who responded well to exPS therapy, the SP concentration reached essentially normal levels within 48–72 h after birth.
Micro-Mirror-Arrays (MMA) zur Auflösungserhöhung von OberflächenformvermessungenMicro-Mirror-Arrays (MMA) Used to Improve the Resolution of Surface Shape Measurements
Authors: Werth Nadine , Koch Alexander W. 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die Form von optisch rauen Oberflächen lässt sich mit Hilfe von Speckle-Interferometern aus variabler Messdistanz selbst in schwer zugänglichen Regionen präzise vermessen. Durch die Einbindung eines Micro-Mirror-Arrays wurde erstmals versucht, die Phasenfront der Referenzwelle variabel an messtechnisch kritische Oberflächenbereiche zu adaptieren, um die bisherigen Grenzen der Auflösbarkeit zu überwinden. Im Rahmen dieser Publikation werden erste Messresultate vorgestellt.
Deflektometrie macht der Interferometrie KonkurrenzDeflectometry Rivals Interferometry
Authors: Knauer Markus C. , Richter Claus , Hybl Odrej , Kaminski Jürgen , Faber Christian , Häusler Gerd 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die Deflektometrie ist eine in den letzten Jahren neu entwickelte Methode zur Vermessung glatter Oberflächen. Sie gestattet es, auch auf Freiformflächen Höhenvariationen im Nanometerbereich zu vermessen. Um die positiven Eigenschaften der Deflektometrie zu verstehen, betrachten wir die physikalischen Grenzen sowie informationstheoretische Aspekte. Abschließend wird die Vielseitigkeit der Deflektometrie anhand von Anwendungsbeispielen demonstriert.
Neuartige kapazitive Sensoren für die Visualisierung von MehrphasenströmungenNovel Capacitive Sensors for the Visualization of Multi-Phase Flows
Authors: da Silva Marco Jose , Thiele Sebastian , Hampel Uwe 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag werden zwei neuartige bildgebende Sensoren zur Untersuchung von Mehrphasenströmungen beschrieben – der kapazitive Gittersensor und der kapazitive Flächensensor. Beide Sensoren basieren auf einer matrixförmigen Anordnung von Messelementen, mit denen die elektrische Kapazität eines umgebenden Fluides sehr schnell abgetastet wird. Dadurch sind diese Sensoren in der Lage, zeitlich und räumlich hochaufgelöste Bilder der Phasenverteilung einer Mehrphasenströmung zu erzeugen. Die Sensoren und die zugehörige Messelektronik werden präsentiert. Darüber hinaus werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse von Strömungsvisualisierungen dargestellt und diskutiert.
Quantifizierung von Flussgeschwindigkeiten mit dem Verfahren der Fourier Domain Optische KohärenztomografieFlow Velocity Quantification with Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Walther Julia , Müller Gregor , Morawietz Henning , Koch Edmund 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
In dieser Studie werden zwei Methoden der Flussmessung, basierend auf dem Verfahren der Fourier Domain Optische Kohärenztomografie (FD OCT) vorgestellt. Das erste Verfahren beruht auf der Analyse der Phasenverschiebung zwischen konsekutiven Tiefensignalen durch axial bewegte Strukturen. Mit der zweiten Methode besteht die Möglichkeit höhere Geschwindigkeiten über den Signalabfall, hervorgerufen durch schnell bewegte Streuzentren, zu bestimmen.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Expression of an Angiogenic Inhibitor Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Retinal Neovascularization and Diabetes-Induced Retinal Vascular Leakage
Authors: Park Kyoungmin , Chen Ying , Hu Yang , Mayo Aaron S. , Kompella Uday B. , Longeras Richard , Ma Jian-xing 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery of angiogenic inhibitors on retinal inflammation, vascular leakage, and neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSAn expression plasmid of plasminogen kringle 5 (K5), a natural angiogenic inhibitor, was encapsulated with poly(lactide-coglycolide) to form K5 nanoparticles (K5-NP). Expression of K5 was determined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, and retinal vascular leakage was measured by permeability assay. Retinal neovascularization was evaluated using fluorescein-angiography and counting preretinal vascular cells in rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy. Effects of K5-NP on retinal inflammation were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by leukostasis assay and Western blot analysis of intracellular adhesion molecule and vascular endothelial growth factor. Possible toxicities of K5-NP were evaluated using histology examination, retinal thickness measurement, and electroretinogram recording.RESULTSK5-NP mediated efficient expression of K5 and specifically inhibited growth of endothelial cells. An intravitreal injection of K5-NP resulted in high-level expression of K5 in the inner retina of rats during the 4 weeks they were analyzed. Injection of K5-NP significantly reduced retinal vascular leakage and attenuated retinal neovascularization, when compared with the contralateral eyes injected with Control-NP in oxygen-induced retinopathy rats. K5-NP attenuated vascular endothelial growth factor and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 overexpression and reduced leukostasis and vascular leakage for at least 4 weeks after a single injection in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. No toxicities of K5-NP were detected to retinal structure and function.CONCLUSIONSK5-NP mediates efficient and sustained K5 expression in the retina and has therapeutic potential for diabetic retinopathy.
Apolipoprotein B but not LDL Cholesterol Is Associated With Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetic Whites
Authors: Martin Seth S. , Qasim Atif N. , Mehta Nehal N. , Wolfe Megan , Terembula Karen , Schwartz Stanley , Iqbal Nayyar , Schutta Mark , Bagheri Roshanak , Reilly Muredach P. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
Evidence favors apolipoprotein B (apoB) over LDL cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular events, but data are lacking on coronary artery calcification (CAC), especially in type 2 diabetes, where LDL cholesterol may underestimate atherosclerotic burden. We investigated the hypothesis that apoB is a superior marker of CAC relative to LDL cholesterol.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed cross-sectional analyses of white subjects in two community-based studies: the Penn Diabetes Heart Study (N = 611 type 2 diabetic subjects, 71.4% men) and the Study of Inherited Risk of Coronary Atherosclerosis (N = 803 nondiabetic subjects, 52.8% men) using multivariate analysis of apoB and LDL cholesterol stratified by diabetes status.

RESULTS
In type 2 diabetes, apoB was associated with CAC after adjusting for age, sex, and medications [Tobit regression ratio of increased CAC for 1-SD increase in apoB; 1.36 (95% CI 1.06–1.75), P = 0.016] whereas LDL cholesterol was not [1.09 (0.85–1.41)]. In nondiabetic subjects, both were associated with CAC [apoB 1.65 (1.38–1.96), P &lt; 0.001; LDL cholesterol 1.56 (1.30–1.86), P &lt; 0.001]. In combined analysis of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, apoB provided value in predicting CAC scores beyond LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratios, and marginally beyond non-HDL cholesterol.

CONCLUSIONS
Plasma apoB, but not LDL cholesterol, levels were associated with CAC scores in type 2 diabetic whites. ApoB levels may be particularly useful in assessing atherosclerotic burden and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
Effect of Homocysteine-Lowering Treatment With Folic Acid and B Vitamins on Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Authors: Song Yiqing , Cook Nancy R. , Albert Christine M. , Van Denburgh Martin , Manson JoAnn E. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
Homocysteinemia may play an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes by promoting oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. We investigated whether homocysteine-lowering treatment by B vitamin supplementation prevents the risk of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 5,442 female health professionals aged ≥40 years with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or three or more CVD risk factors, included 4,252 women free of diabetes at baseline. Participants were randomly assigned to either an active treatment group (daily intake of a combination pill of 2.5 mg folic acid, 50 mg vitamin B6, and 1 mg vitamin B12) or to the placebo group.

RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 504 women had an incident diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Overall, there was no significant difference between the active treatment group and the placebo group in diabetes risk (relative risk 0.94 [95% CI 0.79–1.11]; P = 0.46), despite significant lowering of homocysteine levels. Also, there was no evidence for effect modifications by baseline intakes of dietary folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. In a sensitivity analysis, the null result remained for women compliant with their study pills (0.92 [0.76–1.10]; P = 0.36).

CONCLUSIONS
Lowering homocysteine levels by daily supplementation with folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12 did not reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among women at high risk for CVD.
Enhancement of Tire Durability by Considering Air Flow Field
Authors: Kato K. , Yamaguchi M. , Miyazono T. , Tsuruta M. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Rolling tire performance is frequently affected by multiple physics. For instance, dry handling is influenced by the tire temperature as a consequence of the heat generation by material viscosity and the heat transfer to ambient air. The general phenomenon is complex and even interactive in that the elasticity parameter affecting tire deformation is a function of the temperature and that the temperature depends considerably on the air flow on tire surface.
This paper refers to connecting the different physics of outside air flow and thermomechanical system of tire. Especially, the heat transfer across tire surface is focused from the viewpoint of thermofluid dynamics. Macroscopic flow turbulence to accelerate the heat transfer is studied in a case study of the run-flat tire, where high temperature due to very large deformation is of a key issue. Numerical simulation is conducted in parallel to experimental works in assessing heat flow and temperature on the surface. It is shown that the proposed geometry of rib sidewall reduces the tire temperature and improves the tire life remarkably.
Prevalence of cardiomyopathy in apparently healthy cats
Authors: Paige Christopher F. , Abbott Jonathan A. , Elvinger François , Pyle R. Lee 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of cardiomyopathy and the relationship between cardiomyopathy and heart murmurs in apparently healthy cats.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—103 privately owned, apparently healthy domestic cats.
Procedures—Cats were physically and echocardiographically examined by 2 investigators independently. Left ventricular wall thickness was determined via 2-dimensional echocardiography in short-axis and long-axis planes. Left ventricular hypertrophy was identified when end-diastolic measurements of the interventricular septum or posterior wall were ≥ 6 mm. Cats with left ventricular hypertrophy but without left ventricular dilatation were considered to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The associations between heart murmurs and Doppler echocardiographic velocity profiles indicative of dynamic ventricular outflow tract obstruction were evaluated.
Results—Heart murmurs were detected in 16 (15.5%; 95% confidence interval, 9.2% to 24.0%) cats; of these, 5 had cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy was also identified in 16 (15.5%; 95% confidence interval, 9.2% to 24.0%) cats; 15 had HCM, and 1 had arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Of the cats with HCM, 11 had segmental left ventricular hypertrophy, 3 had diffuse left ventricular hypertrophy, and 1 had borderline left ventricular hypertrophy with marked systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. Sensitivity and specificity of auscultatory detection of a heart murmur for diagnosing cardiomyopathy were 31% and 87%, respectively. Echocardiographic evidence of late systolic acceleration within ventricular outflow tracts was associated with the existence of a heart murmur.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cardiomyopathy was common in the healthy cats evaluated in this study. In apparently healthy cats, detection of a heart murmur is not a reliable indicator of cardiomyopathy.
Clinical signs, risk factors, and outcomes associated with bromide toxicosis (bromism) in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Rossmeisl John H. , Inzana Karen D. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate clinical signs, risk factors, and outcomes associated with bromide toxicosis (bromism) in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy treated with potassium or sodium bromide.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—83 clinically ill epileptic dogs with (cases; n = 31) and without (controls; 52) bromism.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information regarding signalment, epilepsy history, treatment, diet, clinicopathologic test results, concurrent diseases, clinical signs, and outcome. Case and control dogs were matched by the veterinary hospitals from which they were referred and by month of admission. A presumptive diagnosis of bromism was made in case dogs when treatment for primary clinical signs was limited to induction of diuresis or reduction in the dose of bromide administered, and this diagnosis was supported by serum bromide concentrations. Potential risk factors for bromism were identified via univariate and subsequent multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results—Common clinical signs of bromism included alterations in consciousness, ataxia, and upper and lower motor neuron tetraparesis and paraparesis. The multivariate analysis identified bromide dose at admission to the hospital as the only factor significantly associated with bromism. In all dogs with bromism, treatment via dose reduction or facilitated renal excretion of bromide resulted in rapid clinical improvement, although breakthrough seizures happened during treatment in 8 of 31 (26%) dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bromism is a clinically heterogeneous, dose-dependent neurotoxicosis that is largely reversible with treatment. Regular serial monitoring of serum bromide concentrations is recommended to optimize anticonvulsant treatment in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.
Tendinitis of the proximal aspect of the superficial digital flexor tendon in horses: 12 cases (2000–2006)
Authors: Chesen A. Berkley , Dabareiner Robin M. , Chaffin M. Keith , Carter G. Kent 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical signs, ultrasonographic findings, and outcome of horses with tendinitis of the proximal portion of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT; group A horses) and to compare signalment, horse use, and outcome in these horses with that of horses with tendinitis of the midmetacarpal region of the SDFT (group B horses).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—12 group A horses and 22 group B horses.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for signalment, horse use, and outcome information; data for group A horses also included severity of lameness, diagnostic results, and treatment.
Results—Most group A horses were aged (mean, 18 years; median, 17 years; range, 11 to 23 years) Quarter Horses (9/12 horses) and had a grade 3 or 4 (on a scale from 1 to 5) forelimb lameness. Most group A horses (8/12 horses) had positive reactions to carpal flexion and were (9/12 horses) sound following ulnar nerve blocks. Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed hypoechoic SDFT lesions (median echogenicity score, 3/4; median fiber alignment score, 3/3; and mean length, 9.75 cm). Group A horses were significantly older and had a poorer outcome for return to previous use (2/12 horses), compared with group B horses (median age, 5 years; 10/22 horses returned to previous use). Thirteen of 22 group B horses were Thoroughbreds.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tendinitis of the proximal portion of the SDFT was a cause of lameness in aged performance horses; prognosis for return to previous use was poor.
Sequential Cooperation of CD2 and CD48 in the Buildup of the Early TCR Signalosome
Authors: Muhammad Arshad , Schiller Herbert B. , Forster Florian , Eckerstorfer Paul , Geyeregger Rene , Leksa Vladimir , Zlabinger Gerhard J. , Sibilia Maria , Sonnleitner Alois , Paster Wolfgang , Stockinger Hannes 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The buildup of TCR signaling microclusters containing adaptor proteins and kinases is prerequisite for T cell activation. One hallmark in this process is association of the TCR with lipid raft microdomains enriched in GPI-proteins that have potential to act as accessory molecules for TCR signaling. In this study, we show that GPI-anchored CD48 but not CD59 was recruited to the immobilized TCR/CD3 complex upon activation of T cells. CD48 reorganization was vital for T cell IL-2 production by mediating lateral association of the early signaling component linker for activated T cells (LAT) to the TCR/CD3 complex. Furthermore, we identified CD2 as an adaptor linking the Src protein tyrosine kinase Lck and the CD48/LAT complex to TCR/CD3: CD2 associated with TCR/CD3 upon T cell activation irrespective of CD48 expression, while association of CD48 and LAT with the TCR/CD3 complex depended on CD2. Consequently, our data indicate that CD2 and CD48 cooperate hierarchically in the buildup of the early TCR signalosome; CD2 functions as the master switch recruiting CD48 and Lck. CD48 in turn shuttles the transmembrane adapter molecule LAT.
Exclusion of Natural Autoantibody-Producing B Cells from IgG Memory B Cell Compartment during T Cell-Dependent Immune Responses
Authors: Matejuk Agata , Beardall Michael , Xu Yang , Tian Qi , Phillips Daniel , Alabyev Boris , Mannoor Kaiissar , Chen Ching 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
In healthy individuals, a substantial proportion of circulating Abs exhibit polyreactivity and self-reactivity. These Abs are referred to as natural autoantibodies (NAAs). As part of the innate immunity, NAAs play an important role in eliminating pathogens. However, inherent to their poly/autoreactivity is the potential for NAAs to differentiate to high-affinity autoantibodies during an immune response. We recently generated site-directed transgenic mice that express a prototypic NAA, ppc1-5, which binds a variety of self- and non-self-Ags including DNA and phosphocholine. We have shown previously that B cells expressing the ppc1-5 NAA are positively selected during their primary development. In this study, we demonstrate that following immunization with the T-dependent Ag, phosphocholine conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, ppc1-5 NAA B cells mounted a quick IgM Ab response and entered germinal centers, but they failed to differentiate to IgG-producing cells during late primary and memory responses. Hybridomas and cDNA clones derived from the immunized mice included many IgM NAA-producing cells, but IgG NAA clones were extremely rare. Instead, many of the IgG B cells replaced their IgH transgene with an endogenous VH gene and produced non-autoreactive Abs. These results indicate that although NAA B cells are positively selected in the preimmune repertoire and can participate in early IgM Ab response, they are subjected to regulatory mechanisms that prevent them from developing to high-affinity IgG autoantibody production. This would explain, at least in part, why NAAs do not cause autoimmunity in most individuals.