bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respectable standards of living: The alternative lens of maintenance costs, Britain 1270–1860
Authors: Humphries Jane 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper argues that in all societies there is considerable agreement about what goods and services are needed to provide a decent living, and that this standard can be measured by the expense involved in maintaining people of good standing. Maintenance costs include two components of living costs that are neglected in conventional approaches. First, in contrast to the usual focus on a fixed basket of commodities, maintenance costs capture changes in the composition and quality of the goods required for a respectable lifestyle. Second, unlike conventional accounting, they include the costs of the household services required to turn the basket commodities into livings. Ignored in the conventional methodology, the inclusion of these costs represents a core innovation. More than 4600 observations, drawn mainly from primary sources, trace levels and trends in maintenance costs for Britain from 1270 to 1860. These can be compared with established cost of living indicators to offer a complementary perspective on real consumption that accommodates aspirational goods and the input of household labour. The struggle to support families at respectable standards emerges as driving industriousness and motivating prudence among a class that played a major role in economic development.
Response to von Schmalensee et al.
Authors: Garcia‐Costoya Guillermo , Williams Claire E. , Faske Trevor M. , Moorman Jacob D. , Logan Michael L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVon Schmalensee et al. present two concerns about our study. While the first stems from a general disagreement about our simulation methodology, the second is a useful observation of a modelling choice we made that affected simulation outcomes, but in ways that do not invalidate our original conclusions.
Unravelling the hypoglycemic mechanism of Fuzhuan brick tea: insights into intestinal microbiota and metabolites in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice
Authors: Liu Yukun , Xiang Xingliang , Zeng Zhaoxiang , Guo Meiling , Li Yiping , Zhan Zecai , Huang Rongzeng , Zhao Min , Jin Shuna , Song Chengwu 
Published: June 2024

SummaryFuzhuan brick tea (FBT), a post‐fermented tea, has been demonstrated to have an antidiabetic effect. However, evidence of its hypoglycemic effect via gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites has been limited. This work aimed to reveal the potential mechanism of FBT against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice by regulating gut flora and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Thus, we established a T2DM mice model induced by streptozotocin and a high‐fat diet, and the 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysed gut microbiota changes, while GC/MS detected SCFAs levels in colonic contents. As a result, after being treated with FBT, the biochemical index of mice revealed significant improvement and the levels of colonic SCFAs were enhanced. Through correlation analysis, the key gut microbiota for the hypoglycemic effect of FBT were identified including Cyanobacteria, Alloprevotella, Erysipelatoclostridium, etc. Additionally, the antidiabetic actions of FBT were mediated by the SCFAs‐GPR41/43‐GLP‐1 pathway and alleviating inflammation related to the increased gut barrier with the tight junction proteins (Claudin‐1, Occludin and ZO‐1). To sum up, our study provides insights into the possible mechanism of FBT in T2DM and might promote the application of FBT as a potential hypoglycemic agent in the future.
Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA‐associated ceRNA network reveals novel potential prognostic regulatory axes in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Bazrgar Maryam , Mirmotalebisohi Seyed Amir , Ahmadi Mohsen , Azimi Parisa , Dargahi Leila , Zali Hakimeh , Ahmadiani Abolhassan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeciphering the lncRNA‐associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network is essential in decoding glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) pathogenesis by regulating miRNA availability and controlling mRNA stability. This study aimed to explore novel biomarkers for GBM by constructing a lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network. A ceRNA network in GBM was constructed using lncRNA, mRNA and miRNA expression profiles from the TCGA and GEO datasets. Seed nodes were identified by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of deregulated‐mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in the ceRNA network. A lncRNA‐miRNA‐seed network was constructed by mapping the seed nodes into the preliminary ceRNA network. The impact of the seed nodes on the overall survival (OS) of patients was assessed by the GSCA database. Functional enrichment analysis of the deregulated‐lncRNAs (DElncRNA) in the ceRNA network and genes interacting with OS‐related genes in the PPI network were performed. Finally, the positive correlation between seed nodes and their associated lncRNAs and the expression level of these molecules in GBM tissue compared with normal samples was validated using the GEPIA database. Our analyzes revealed that three novel regulatory axes AL161785.1/miR‐139‐5p/MS4A6A, LINC02611/miR‐139‐5p/MS4A6A and PCED1B‐AS1/miR‐433‐3p/MS4A6A may play essential roles in GBM pathogenesis. MS4A6A is upregulated in GBM and closely associated with shorter survival time of patients. We also identified that MS4A6A expression positively correlates with genes related to tumour‐associated macrophages, which induce macrophage infiltration and immune suppression. The functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that DElncRNAs are mainly involved in neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, calcium/MAPK signalling pathway, ribosome, GABAergic/Serotonergic/Glutamatergic synapse and immune system process. In addition, genes related to MS4A6A contribute to immune and inflammatory‐related biological processes. Our findings provide novel insights to understand the ceRNA regulation in GBM and identify novel prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Enhancing mango quality control: A novel approach to spongy tissue inspection through image clustering and machine learning models via X‐ray imaging
Authors: Kiran Patil Rajvardhan , Aradwad Pramod , Arunkumar T. V. , Parray Roaf Ahmad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe globally renowned Alphonso mango is esteemed for its exceptional flavor, fragrance, texture, and extended shelf life. However, it faces a substantial challenge with spongy tissue (ST) disorder, affecting up to 30% of a single lot. This issue leads to the rejection of entire batches during export due to delayed detection, causing significant produce loss. Additionally, the current destructive assessment method is inadequate, as physically inspecting only a few mangoes within a batch does not ensure overall quality, emphasizing the need for a non‐destructive approach. To address these challenges, this study proposes a non‐destructive approach utilizing X‐ray imaging to identify ST in Alphonso mangoes, employing machine learning (ML) for binary classification. We captured and augmented 216 X‐ray images, utilizing various augmentation techniques. K‐means clustering effectively distinguished healthy and ST‐affected areas in mango fruits. For automated classification, ML models were fine‐tuned through grid search hyperparameter optimization within a 5‐fold cross‐validation framework. The CNN model achieved impressive accuracies of 99.20% and 96.82% at threshold values of .5 and .95, respectively, on the test dataset, while the SVM model attained overall accuracy rates of 95.23% and 87.35% for the same thresholds. Our study demonstrates the potential of machine learning in X‐ray imaging for detecting internal fruit issues, improving inspection for disease and damage identification, and enhancing quality control across the food industry. Practical implications include the implementation of non‐destructive inspection methods to reduce produce loss and ensure consistent quality in mango lots. Future research could focus on validating the model's efficacy with external datasets, evaluating its robustness in detecting various internal irregularities, and exploring advancements in X‐ray imaging technology for broader applications in agriculture.Practical applicationsThe suggested non‐destructive approach provides a practical solution for quality control, especially in export scenarios. The versatility of the ML‐powered X‐ray imaging technique to examine internal irregularities in various fruits beyond mangoes broadens its potential application in the fruit industry for sorting and grading purposes. This innovation contributes to heightened consumer satisfaction, providing a cost‐effective and scalable solution for widespread implementation. In summary, the findings of the study show promise for revolutionizing mango quality control, particularly for the esteemed Alphonso variety, and propelling advancements in fruit inspection methodologies across the industry.
Impact of an oral nutritional supplement on the body composition of older adults with or at risk of malnutrition in an institutionalised setting: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jayawardena Ranil , Wickramawardhane Prasani , Dalpatadu Chamila , Hills Andrew P. , Ranasinghe Priyanga 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition often manifests as a body weight (BW) reduction and unhealthy alteration in body composition. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of an oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in improving BW and body composition among older adults with malnutrition.MethodsAn open‐label randomised controlled, parallel‐group study was conducted among older adults (age ≥ 60 years) with/at risk of malnutrition (mini nutrition assessment‐short form score ≤ 11). In total, 50 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (IG) and control (CG) groups (1:1 ratio). The IG received the ONS (57 g/day; 247 kcal/serving, 12 g protein) before bedtime for 12 weeks. CG received 200 mL of water. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and dietary and physical activity assessments were performed at the beginning and end of the study.ResultsForty‐two participants (IG: 20, CG: 22) completed the study. The mean ± SD ages of the IG and CG were 75.4 ± 6.1 and 74.8 ± 5.2 years, respectively (p = 0.73). The IG had a significant increase in BW (+1.68 ± 1.16 vs. −0.46 ± 0.95 kg; p < 0.001), lean mass (+1.23 ± 0.93 vs. −0.45 ± 0.90 kg; p < 0.001) and fat mass (+0.54 ± 0.82 vs. −0.06 ± 0.82 kg; p = 0.02) compared to the CG. One‐quarter of the IG (n = 5) achieved a weight gain > 5% of BW, whereas none in the CG did (p = 0.01). No significant changes were observed in bone mineral content in either group.ConclusionsFor malnourished older adults, supplementing with an ONS, along with regular food intake, significantly increased BW, lean mass and fat mass compared to control following the regular diet without supplementation.
Naïve learning as a coordination device in social networks
Authors: Cheng Wenhao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractI propose a framework describing how naïve learning in networks may determine coordination outcomes of product adoption. Individuals receive initial signals regarding the value of the product, communicate afterwards, and make adoption decisions based on that. In the framework of DeGroot's Naïve Learning, the model suggests that as beliefs converge, the result will converge to a unique cutoff equilibrium, similar to a global game. I then describe how adoption rates and social welfare depend on network structures by showing that the variance of the unit eigenvector centrality of the listening matrix, which represents inequality in network positions, is a sufficient statistic for adoption in equilibrium. More adoption is expected with high inequality in network positions if the value of the product to be adopted is low, and vice versa. The relationship between social welfare and inequality in network positions aligns with that of adoption and inequality in network positions, except in cases of very low product value, where increased adoption may reduce overall social welfare.
Organic medium‐growing chickens fed live black soldier fly larvae: A welfare improvement study
Authors: Bongiorno Valentina , Gariglio Marta , Zambotto Valeria , Cappone Eleonora Erika , Biasato Ilaria , Renna Manuela , Gasco Laura , Bergagna Stefania , Manenti Isabella , Macchi Elisabetta , Gai Francesco , Schiavone Achille 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe overall beneficial effect of live black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) on the welfare of broiler chickens, turkeys, and laying hens has already been discussed in the literature. However, scant information is available regarding the benefits of feeding live BSFL to medium‐growing chicken hybrids reared under organic/free‐range conditions, and whose welfare is frequently cited as being inadequate. The aim of this research was to advance our knowledge of this topic. To this end, 240 label naked neck birds (Hubbard JA57 hybrid) were assigned, at 21 days of age, to four experimental groups (6 replicates/treatment, 10 chickens/replicate), created according to sex (M/F) and the provision of a 10% live BSFL dietary supplementation (control males, control females, larvae males, and larvae females), and raised until 82 days of age. We performed behavioural observations, a tonic immobility test, and an avoidance distance (AD) test. We assessed feather damage and cleanliness, hock burn, footpad dermatitis, and skin lesion scores, and determined the concentration of excreta corticosterone metabolites (ECM) and the heterophile to lymphocyte heterophile/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. The behavioural observations demonstrated increased physical and foraging activity (p < 0.05) in the live BSFL administered groups compared with C ones, providing valuable data on the explorative and recreational behaviour of this chicken genotype. The results also evidenced the usefulness of live BSFL as a fear reducer in females, as those receiving the BSFL supplement moved closer to the operator during the AD test (p < 0.01). No physical injuries or damage were observed on the birds, regardless of whether they received the BSFL supplementation or not. The ECM were unaffected by BSFL supplementation, while the H/L ratio was higher in the larvae groups than in the control ones (p = 0.050). In conclusion, live BSFL provision could constitute a powerful tool for improving life quality in medium‐growing chickens. Further research is required to clarify the stress modulation role of live BSFL on poultry production.
Long‐term trend and interannual variation in evapotranspiration of a young temperate Douglas‐fir stand over 2002–2022 reveals the impacts of climate change
Authors: Li Xinhao , Black T. Andrew , Zha Tianshan , Jassal Rachhpal S. , Nesic Zoran , Lee Sung‐Ching , Bourque Charles P.‐A. , Hao Shaorong , Jin Chuan , Liu Peng , Jia Xin , Tian Yun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe shortage of decades‐long continuous measurements of ecosystem processes limits our understanding of how changing climate impacts forest ecosystems. We used continuous eddy‐covariance and hydrometeorological data over 2002–2022 from a young Douglas‐fir stand on Vancouver Island, Canada to assess the long‐term trend and interannual variability in evapotranspiration (ET) and transpiration (T). Collectively, annual T displayed a decreasing trend over the 21 years with a rate of 1% yr−1, which is attributed to the stomatal downregulation induced by rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Similarly, annual ET also showed a decreasing trend since evaporation stayed relatively constant. Variability in detrended annual ET was mostly controlled by the average soil water storage during the growing season (May–October). Though the duration and intensity of the drought did not increase, the drought‐induced decreases in T and ET showed an increasing trend. This pattern may reflect the changes in forest structure, related to the decline in the deciduous understory cover during the stand development. These results suggest that the water‐saving effect of stomatal regulation and water‐related factors mostly determined the trend and variability in ET, respectively. This may also imply an increase in the limitation of water availability on ET in young forests, associated with the structural and compositional changes related to forest growth.
The haplotype‐resolved genome of diploid Chrysanthemum indicum unveils new acacetin synthases genes and their evolutionary history
Authors: Hou Zhuangwei , Yang Song , He Weijun , Lu Tingting , Feng Xunmeng , Zang Lanlan , Bai Wenhui , Chen Xueqing , Nie Bao , Li Cheng , Wei Min , Ma Liangju , Han Zhengzhou , Zou Qingjun , Li Wei , Wang Li 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYAcacetin, a flavonoid compound, possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, immune regulation, and anticancer effects. Some key steps in its biosynthetic pathway were largely unknown in flowering plants. Here, we present the first haplotype‐resolved genome of Chrysanthemum indicum, whose dried flowers contain abundant flavonoids and have been utilized as traditional Chinese medicine. Various phylogenetic analyses revealed almost equal proportion of three tree topologies among three Chrysanthemum species (C. indicum, C. nankingense, and C. lavandulifolium), indicating that frequent gene flow among Chrysanthemum species or incomplete lineage sorting due to rapid speciation might contribute to conflict topologies. The expanded gene families in C. indicum were associated with oxidative functions. Through comprehensive candidate gene screening, we identified five flavonoid O‐methyltransferase (FOMT) candidates, which were highly expressed in flowers and whose expressional levels were significantly correlated with the content of acacetin. Further experiments validated two FOMTs (CI02A009970 and CI03A006662) were capable of catalyzing the conversion of apigenin into acacetin, and these two genes are possibly responsible acacetin accumulation in disc florets and young leaves, respectively. Furthermore, combined analyses of ancestral chromosome reconstruction and phylogenetic trees revealed the distinct evolutionary fates of the two validated FOMT genes. Our study provides new insights into the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoid compounds in the Asteraceae family and offers a model for tracing the origin and evolutionary routes of single genes. These findings will facilitate in vitro biosynthetic production of flavonoid compounds through cellular and metabolic engineering and expedite molecular breeding of C. indicum cultivars.
Modeling US blood donor deferrals under a policy of individual risk assessment for HIV risk sexual behavior
Authors: Whitaker Barbee I. , Huang Yin , Gubernot Diane , Eder Anne F. , Herbenick Debby , Fu Tsung‐chieh , Forshee Richard A. , Anderson Steven A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn May 2023, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released final guidance for blood donor eligibility that recommended the elimination of 3‐month deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM) and the related deferral for women who have sex with MSM. In its place, FDA introduced an individual risk assessment policy of asking all presenting blood donors, regardless of sex or gender, if they have had a new partner or more than one sexual partner in the last 3 months and deferring those who also report anal sex (penile–anal intercourse) during this period. We modeled the possible impact of this policy on the US blood donor base.Study Design and MethodsWe developed a computational model to estimate the percentage of blood donors who would be deferred under a policy of individual HIV risk assessment.The model incorporated demographic information about donors and national survey data on HIV risk behaviors and included age and sex distributions and dependencies.ResultsOur model estimates that approximately 1.2% of US blood donors would be deferred under the individual HIV risk assessment paradigm.DiscussionThe model predicts a relatively minor effect of replacing the time‐based deferral for MSM with individual risk‐based deferral for sexual behavior. As US blood centers implement this new policy, the effect may be mitigated by donor gains, which warrant further study. The new policy is unlikely to adversely affect the availability of blood and blood components.
Current state of undergraduate medical school training in transfusion medicine and its impact on postgraduate trainee knowledge
Authors: Rahmani Mahboubeh , Chargé Sophie , Bodnar Melanie , Callum Jeannie , Hsia Cyrus , Lavoie Marianne , Lemay Anne‐Sophie , Mack Johnathan , Prokopchuk‐Gauk Oksana , Trudeau Jacqueline , Zeller Michelle P. , Lin Yulia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudies have described poor transfusion medicine (TM) knowledge in postgraduate trainees. The impact of undergraduate medical TM education on postgraduate knowledge is unclear.MethodsCanadian medical schools were surveyed on the number of hours dedicated to TM teaching and topics covered by curricula during 2016–2020. Postgraduate trainees attending Transfusion Camp in 2021 completed a pretest of 20 multiple‐choice questions. The survey results and pretest scores were compared to evaluate the association between undergraduate medical TM education and pretest scores.ResultsThe survey was completed by 16 of 17 Canadian medical schools. The number of hours (h) of TM teaching were <2 h (25%), 3–4 h (25%), and >4 h (50%). Twelve of 19 Transfusion Camp topics were covered in ≥50% of schools. Eleven medical schools provided ethics approvals/waivers to include trainee pretest scores in the analysis (N = 200). The median pretest scores by medical school ranged from 48% to 70%. No association was found between number of TM teaching hours and average pretest scores (p = .60). There was an association between higher postgraduate year level and individual pretest score (p < .0001). The analysis by topic demonstrated questions where trainees from different schools performed uniformly well or poorly; other topics showed considerable variation.ConclusionVariation in quantity and content of undergraduate TM teaching exists across Canadian medical schools. In this limited assessment, the number of TM teaching hours was not associated with performance on the pretest. This study raises the opportunity to re‐evaluate the delivery (content, timing, consistency) of TM education in undergraduate medical schools.
Large Eddy Simulation of Laminar and Turbulent Shock/Boundary Layer Interactions in a Transonic Passage
Authors: Priebe Stephan , Wilkin II Daniel , D’Aquila Luke , Breeze-Stringfellow Andy , Jothiprasad Giridhar , Cheung Lawrence C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Shock/boundary layer interactions (SBLI) are a fundamental fluid mechanics problem relevant in a wide range of applications including transonic rotors in turbomachinery. This paper uses wall-resolved large eddy simulation (LES) to examine the interaction of normal shocks with laminar and turbulent inflow boundary layers in transonic flow. The calculations were performed using GENESIS, a high-order, unstructured LES solver. The geometry created for this study is a transonic passage with a convergent-divergent nozzle that expands the flow to the desired Mach number upstream of the shock and then introduces constant radius curvature to simulate local airfoil camber. The Mach numbers in the divergent section of the transonic passage simulate single-stage commercial fan blades. The results predicted with the LES calculations show significant differences between laminar and turbulent SBLI in terms of shock structure, boundary layer separation and transition, and aerodynamic losses. For laminar flow into the shock, significant flow separation and low-frequency unsteadiness occur, while for turbulent flow into the shock, both the boundary layer loss and the low-frequency unsteadiness are reduced. The time period of the unsteadiness was hypothesized to align with the time it takes for turbulent structures to convect from the shock to the trailing edge and acoustic disturbances to travel back from the trailing edge to the shock, and this is supported by the LES results.