bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Eastern Boundary Undercurrents via Mesoscale Eddy Rectification
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Wang Yan , Solodoch Aviv , Chen Ru , McWilliams James C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs) host equatorward wind-driven near-surface currents overlying poleward subsurface undercurrents. Various previous theories for these undercurrents have emphasized the role of poleward alongshore pressure gradient forces (APFs). Energetic mesoscale variability may also serve to accelerate undercurrents via mesoscale stirring of the potential vorticity gradient imposed by the continental slope. However, it remains unclear whether this eddy rectification mechanism contributes substantially to driving poleward undercurrents in EBUS. This study isolates the influence of eddy rectification on undercurrents via a suite of idealized simulations forced either by alongshore winds, with or without an APF, or by randomly generated mesoscale eddies. It is found that the simulations develop undercurrents with strengths comparable to those found in nature in both wind-forced and randomly forced experiments. Analysis of the momentum budget reveals that the along-isobath undercurrent flow is accelerated by isopycnal advective eddy momentum fluxes and the APF and retarded by frictional drag. The undercurrent acceleration may manifest as eddy momentum fluxes or as topographic form stress depending on the coordinate system used to compute the momentum budget, which reconciles these findings with previous work that linked eddy acceleration of the undercurrent to topographic form stress. The leading-order momentum balance motivates a scaling for the strength of the undercurrent that explains most of the variance across the simulations. These findings indicate that eddy rectification is of comparable importance to the APF in driving poleward undercurrents in EBUSs and motivate further work to diagnose this effect in high-resolution models and observations and to parameterize it in coarse-resolution ocean/climate models.
Small Hemothoraces Not Drained on Admission: Initial Volume Predicts Need for Intervention
Authors: Na HeeYun , Kim Esther J. , Muller Alison , Butts Christopher , Reilly Eugene , Geng Thomas , Romeo Michael , Ong Adrian 
Published: May 2024

Background Unlike large hemothoraces (HTX), small HTX after blunt trauma may be observed without drainage. We aimed to study if there were risk factors that would predict the need for intervention in initially observed small HTX. Methods A retrospective review of patients with blunt traumatic HTX from 2016 to 2022 was performed. Patients with small HTX (pleural fluid volume <400 mL on admission chest computerized tomography [CT]) were included. Patients were considered as being “initially observed” if there was no intervention for the HTX within 48 hours after admission. Primary outcome was any HTX-related intervention (open, thoracoscopic or percutaneous procedures) occurring after 48 hours and up to 6 months after injury. Univariable and multivariable statistical analyses were employed. A P-value of <.05 was considered significant. Results Of 335 patients with HTX, 188 (59.6%) met inclusion criteria. Median (interquartile range) HTX volume was 90 (36-134) ml. One hundred and twenty-seven (68%) were initially observed. Of these, 31 (24%) had the primary outcome. These patients had a larger HTX volume (median, 129 vs 68 mL, P = .0001), and number of rib fractures (median, 7 vs 4, P = .0002) compared to those without the primary outcome. Chest-related readmission occurred in 8 (6%) with a median of 20 days from injury. Of these, 7 required an HTX-related intervention. Logistic regression analysis found that both the number of rib fractures and HTX volume independently predicted the primary outcome. Conclusion For small HTX initially observed, number of rib fractures and initial volume predicted delayed HTX-related intervention.
Experience of Public Health Departments in Implementation of COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Programs
Authors: Staatz Colleen , Loosier Penny S. , Hsu Ruth , Fiscus Michelle , Gupta Reena , Sabin E. Rain , Vohra Divya , Matulewicz Holly , Taylor Melanie M. , Caruso Elise C. , DeLuca Nickolas , Moonan Patrick K. , Oeltmann John E. , Thorpe Phoebe 
Published: May 2024

Objective: Case investigation and contact tracing (CI/CT) are fundamental public health efforts widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic to mitigate transmission. This study investigated how state, local, and tribal public health departments used CI/CT during the COVID-19 pandemic, including CI/CT methodology, staffing models, training and support, and efforts to identify or prioritize populations disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Methods: During March and April 2022, we conducted key informant interviews with up to 3 public health officials from 43 state, local, and tribal public health departments. From audio-recorded and transcribed interviews, we used the framework method to analyze key themes. Results: Major adjustments to CI/CT protocols during the pandemic included (1) prioritizing populations for outreach; (2) implementing automated outreach for nonprioritized groups, particularly during COVID-19 surges; (3) discontinuing contact tracing and focusing exclusively on case investigation; and (4) adding innovations to provide additional support. Key informants also discussed the utility of having backup staffing to support overwhelmed public health departments and spoke to the difficulty in “right-sizing” the public health workforce, with COVID-19 surges leaving public health departments understaffed as case rates rose and overstaffed as case rates fell. Conclusions: When addressing future epidemics or outbreaks, public health officials should consider strategies that improve the effectiveness of CI/CT efforts over time, such as prioritizing populations based on disproportionate risk, implementing automated outreach, developing models that provide flexible additional staffing resources as cases rise and fall among local public health departments, incorporating demographic data in laboratory reporting, providing community connections and support, and having a system of self-notification of contacts.
Data Equity as a Building Block for Health Equity: Improving Surveillance Data for People With Disabilities, With Substance Use Disorder, or Experiencing Homelessness, United States
Authors: Meehan Ashley A. , Flemming Shauna S. , Lucas Shelley , Schoonveld Megan , Matjasko Jennifer L. , Ward Megan E. , Clarke Kristie E.N. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: People with disabilities, people experiencing homelessness, and people who have substance use disorders face unique health challenges. Gaps in public health surveillance data limit the identification of public health needs of these groups and data-driven action. This study aimed to identify current practices, challenges, and opportunities for collecting and reporting COVID-19 surveillance data for these populations. Methods: We used a rapid qualitative assessment to explore COVID-19 surveillance capacities. From July through October 2021, we virtually interviewed key informants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, state and local health departments, and health care providers across the United States. We thematically analyzed and contextualized interview notes, peer-reviewed articles, and participant documents using a literature review. Results: We identified themes centered on foundational structural and systems issues that hinder actionable surveillance data for these and other populations that are disproportionately affected by multiple health conditions. Qualitative data analysis of 61 interviews elucidated 4 primary challenges: definitions and policies, resources, data systems, and articulation of the purpose of data collection to these groups. Participants noted the use of multisector partnerships, automated data collection and integration, and data scorecards to circumvent challenges. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for multisector, systematic improvements in surveillance data collection and reporting to advance health equity. Improvements must be buttressed with adequate investment in data infrastructure and promoted through clear communication of how data are used to protect health.
Syndromic Surveillance of Emergency Department Visits Related to Unintentional Drowning, United States, 2019-2022
Authors: Moreland Briana , Clemens Tessa , Idaikkadar Nimi 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: To improve national drowning surveillance efforts, we developed and evaluated a definition for unintentional drowning for use in the National Syndromic Surveillance Program’s ESSENCE platform (Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics) and described drowning-related emergency department (ED) visits from 2019 through 2022 using the new definition. Methods: We adapted an unintentional drowning definition from a previous version, which included all drowning-related ED visits regardless of intent (including drowning related to assault and suicide, as well as unintentional drowning). We reviewed a random sample of 1000 visits captured by the new definition of unintentional drowning and categorized visits as likely, possibly, and unlikely to be related to unintentional drowning. We compared monthly drowning-related ED visits from 2020, 2021, and 2022 with monthly drowning ED visits from 2019, overall and by sex and age group. Results: A total of 35 431 ED visits related to unintentional drowning (10.71 per 100 000 ED visits) occurred from 2019 through 2022. Most visits (86%) captured by the new definition and manually reviewed were likely related to unintentional drowning. Rates were highest among males (14.04 per 100 000 ED visits) and children aged <1 to 4 years (65.61 per 100 000 ED visits). The number of drowning-related ED visits was higher in May and August 2020, May and June 2021, and May 2022 as compared with the same months in 2019 among people aged 18 to 44 years. Conclusions: The definition for unintentional drowning is available in the National Syndromic Surveillance Program’s ESSENCE platform for state and local jurisdictions to use to monitor unintentional drowning-related ED visits in near-real time to inform prevention strategies.
Associations Between Social Networks and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in 4 Rural Alabama Counties: Survey Findings
Authors: McCollum Greer , Allgood Ashleigh , Agne April , Cleveland Dave , Gray Cicily , Ford Eric , Baral Stefan , Mugavero Michael , Hall Allyson G. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how vaccination decisions are influenced by misinformation, disinformation, and social pressures, leading to varied and inequitable uptake rates. In this study, we examined how COVID-19 vaccine messages received via social networks were associated with vaccine uptake in rural Alabama. Methods: From November 2021 through March 2022, we collected 700 responses to a telephone survey administered in 4 rural Alabama counties. We asked respondents to indicate whether certain social relationships (eg, family, businesses) tried to influence them to (1) obtain or (2) avoid a COVID-19 vaccine. We used χ2 tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, Mantel–Haenszel χ2 tests, and Fisher exact tests to examine the associations between vaccination status and survey responses. Results: Respondents in majority–African American counties were significantly more likely than those in majority–White counties to have received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine (89.8% vs 72.3%; P < .001). Respondents who received ≥1 dose had a significantly higher mean age than those who had not (58.0 vs 39.0 years; P < .001). Respondents who were encouraged to get vaccinated by religious leaders were more likely to have received ≥1 dose ( P = .001), and those who were encouraged to avoid vaccination by family ( P = .007), friends ( P = .02), coworkers ( P = .003), and health care providers ( P < .001) were less likely to have received ≥1 dose. Respondents with more interpersonal relationships that encouraged them to avoid vaccination were more likely to be unvaccinated ( P < .001). Conclusions: Interpersonal relationships and demographic characteristics appeared to be important in COVID-19 vaccine decision-making in rural Alabama. Further research needs to identify how to facilitate vaccine-positive interpersonal relationships, such as peer mentoring and trusted messenger interventions.
Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking, E-cigarette Use, and Dual Use Among Urban and Rural Women During the Peripartum Period, PRAMS 2015-2020
Authors: Masud Nazish , Hamilton Whitney , Tarasenko Yelena 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Evidence has emerged on the health dangers of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among pregnant women and neonates. We examined whether rural residence is a risk factor for smoking and e-cigarette use among women during the peripartum period in the United States. Methods: This study was based on pooled cross-sectional 2015-2020 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. The outcome was exclusive smoking, exclusive e-cigarette use, and use of both products (ie, dual use) versus use of neither tobacco product by women with live infants aged 2 to 6 months. We examined rural–urban differences in outcome by using univariate and multivariable multinomial logistic regressions with post hoc contrasts and marginal analyses, adjusting for complex survey design and nonresponse. Results: During the peripartum period, 5.0% of women were smoking combustible cigarettes, 5.0% were using e-cigarettes, and 1.9% were using both tobacco products. The crude prevalence of e-cigarette use was 1.1 percentage point higher, and the adjusted prevalence was 0.8 percentage points lower for rural versus urban women ( P < .001 for both). Among rural women, 6.7% (95% CI, 6.3%-7.1%) smoked combustible cigarettes exclusively and 2.6% (95% CI, 2.3%-2.8%) used both products, as compared with 4.5% (95% CI, 4.4%-4.8%) and 1.7% (95% CI, 1.6%-1.8%) of urban women, respectively, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. Conclusions: Maternal sociodemographic and health-related characteristics differed by combustible smoking versus e-cigarette use during the peripartum period. The effect of residence on e-cigarette use was significantly confounded by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, resulting in clinically comparable prevalence of e-cigarette use in rural and urban mothers with live infants aged 2 to 6 months.
Does oral iron and folate supplementation during pregnancy protect against adverse birth outcomes and reduced neonatal and infant mortality in Africa: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis?
Authors: Bekele Yibeltal , Gallagher Claire , Batra Mehak , Buultjens Melissa , Eren Senem , Erbas Bircan 
Published: May 2024

Background Globally, one-third of pregnant women are at risk of iron deficiency, particularly in the African region. While recent findings show that iron and folate supplementation can lower the risk of adverse birth outcomes and childhood mortality, our understanding of its impact in Africa remains incomplete due to insufficient evidence. This protocol outlines the systematic review steps to investigate the impact of oral iron and folate supplementation during pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes, neonatal mortality and infant mortality in Africa. Methods and analysis MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched for published articles. Google Scholar and Advanced Google Search were used for gray literature and nonindexed articles. Oral iron and/or folate supplementation during pregnancy is the primary exposure. The review will focus on adverse birth outcomes, neonatal mortality and infant mortality. Both Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale risk of bias assessment tools will be used. Meta-analysis will be conducted if design and data analysis methodologies permit. This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide up-to-date evidence about iron and folate supplementation's role in adverse birth outcomes, neonatal mortality and infant mortality in the African region. Ethics and dissemination This review will provide insights that help policymakers, program planners, researchers, and public health practitioners interested in working in the region. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023452588.
2012 Briganti nomogram predict prostate cancer progression in EAU intermediate risk with unfavorable tumor grade: A single center experience
Authors: Porcaro Antonio Benito , Costantino Sonia , Brancelli Claudio , Baielli Alberto , Artoni Francesco , Montanaro Francesca , Gallina Sebastian , Bianchi Alberto , Serafin Emanuele , Veccia Alessandro , Franceschini Andrea , Rizzetto Riccardo , Brunelli Matteo , Migliorini Filippo , Bertolo Riccardo Giuseppe , Cerruto Maria Angela , Antonelli Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

Background: To investigate the potential prognostic impact of Briganti’s 2012 nomogram in EAU intermediate-risk patients presenting with an unfavorable tumor grade and treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, eventually associated with extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Materials and methods: From January 2013 to December 2021, the study included 179 EAU intermediate-risk patients presenting with an unfavorable tumor grade (ISUP 3), eventually associated with a PSA of 10–20 ng/ml and/or cT-2b. Briganti’s 2012 nomogram was assessed as both a continuous and dichotomous variable, categorized according to the median (risk score ⩾7% vs <7%). Disease progression, defined as biochemical recurrence and/or metastatic progression, was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Disease progression occurred in 43 (24%) patients after a median (95% CI) follow-up of 78 (65.7–88.4) months. The nomogram risk score predicted disease progression, evaluated both as a continuous variable (hazard ratio, HR = 1.064; 95% CI: 1.035–1.093; p < 0.0001) and as a categorical variable (HR = 3.399; 95% CI: 1.740–6.638; p < 0.0001). This association was confirmed in multivariate analysis, where hazard ratios remained consistent even after adjusting for clinical and pathological factors. Conclusions: In EAU intermediate-risk PCa cases presenting with an unfavorable tumor grade and treated surgically, Briganti’s 2012 nomogram was associated with disease progression after surgery. Consequently, as the nomogram risk score increased, patients were more likely to experience PCa progression, facilitating the stratification of the patient population into distinct prognostic subgroups.
Effect of pulsation elongational stress on the structure and properties of preparing self-reinforced sheets
Authors: Yin Xiaochun , Xia Tian , He Guangjian , Zhang Guizhen 
Published: May 2024

A vane-type melt pulsation pumping device induces molecular chain orientation in HDPE melts via pulsating stretch-compression, enabling self-reinforced sheet extrusion. Experiments assess the impact of varying device temperature and rotational speed on the mechanical properties and microstructure of extruded sheets. The results show that the orientation of the samples can be preliminarily verified by heating test. SEM analysis reveals closely aligned HDPE crystal regions along the extrusion direction following pulsating elongational stress. 2D-WAXD analysis demonstrates a shift in diffraction intensity where it diminishes in the meridional direction and intensifies in the equatorial plane, resulting in a maximum orientation index of 0.683, an increase of 16.6% compared to direct extrusion. When the temperature of the melt pulsation pumping device is set to 180°C and the shaft speed is set to 30 rpm, the tensile strength of the sheets in the extrusion direction reached a maximum value of 66.37 MPa, surpassing that of directly extruded samples by 42.7% and that of compression-molded samples by 90%. In summary, this research realizes the self-reinforced and efficient continuous extrusion of single-component HDPE sheets through a simple device and process, which is of great significance for convenient recycling and environmental protection.
Self-Compassion, Resilience and Mental Health in Community Adults
Authors: Chuang Shu Ping , Wu Jo Yung Wei , Wang Chien Shu 
Published: May 2024

Purpose To investigate the associations among self-compassion, resilience and mental health of community residents. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Voluntary survey of web-based, posters-based platform. Participants 453 community residents. Methods Participants living in Kaohsiung, Taiwan were recruited from posters, online advertisements based platforms and were assessed with the self-compassion scale (SCS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and The Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale) measures during the period from March 1 to October 31, 2023. Results After adjusting for age, gender and education, stepwise regression analysis revealed that isolation, self-judgment, and control accounted for 14% of the variance in depressive symptoms (CES-D) (adjusted R 2 = .149, P < .05). Over-identification, self-kindness and control accounted for 26% of the variance in satisfaction with life (SWLS) (adjusted R 2 = .263, P < .001). Over-identification, self-kindness, isolation, control and personal competence and tenacity accounted for 37% of the variance in positive mental health (PMH-scale) (adjusted R 2 = .375, P < .05). Conclusions Findings suggested that components of self-compassion and resilience may be important factors that promote positive mental health and provide potential interventions for professionals to increase the well-being of community residents.
A Case of a Giant Mesentric Lipoma in a Two-year-old Child Presenting as Koch’s Abdomen
Authors: Garge Saurabh , Sharma Ashutosh , Kelkar Himanshu , Jajodia Jayesh 
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims: Lipomas are termed as universal tumours. They can potentially arise from any site having adipose tissue. Presence of lipomas in the intra-peritoneal region is rare, with mesentery being one of the rare locations. Methods: We present a rare case of a two-year-old child with a giant mesenteric lipoma. This child presented with malnutrition and was being treated for Koch’s abdomen. Results: The child underwent uneventful resection of mass. Conclusion: Giant mesenteric lipomas due to their size can present with various unusual symptoms. However, these seldom infiltrate and are easily operable with an uneventful intra-operative course and follow-ups.