bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Graphite Crystal Structure and Growth Mechanisms Using FIB and 3D Image Analysis
Authors: Hatton Alexandra , Engstler Michael , Leibenguth Peter , Mücklich Frank 
Published: November 2010

AbstractConsidering the significant influence of the morphology of graphite inclusions on the properties of cast iron it is important to understand the correlation between manufacturing parameters and resulting microstructure. In particular, understanding the effect of alloying elements and inoculants on the formation and growth mechanisms of the graphite particles provides the basis for exact tailoring of the microstructure and thus exact tailoring of effective properties of cast iron. Experimental observations of the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of graphite particles, high resolution chemical analysis of nuclei and other inclusions, as well as quantitative characterization of possible growth mechanisms have confirmed certain existing theoretical models for nodular and flake graphite and provided a comprehensive description of all intermediate morphologies. Precise analysis of the graphite's crystal structure based on target preparation of transmission electron microscope thin foils opens additional possibilities for estimating of the properties of different graphite types.
Enhanced Bone Cells Growth and Proliferation on TiO2 Nanotubular Substrates Treated by RF Plasma Discharge
Authors: Mahmood Meena , Fejleh Philip , Karmakar Alokita , Fejleh Ashley , Xu Yang , Kannarpady Ganesh , Ishihara Hidetaka , Sharma Rajesh , Li Zhongrui , Ghosh Anindya , Trigwell Steve , Hardcastle Franklin D. , Casciano Daniel , Selvaduray Guna , Biris Alexandru S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTitanium implants are well known for their biocompatibility, especially if bioinertness is desired, due to the TiO2 native oxide which is thermodynamically and chemically very stable. One of the major problems with this material involve its inability to induce enhanced cellular adhesion and proliferation on its surface without complicated structural approaches, leading to the possible lack of bone‐implant interfacial interaction and rejection. In order to potentially improve osseointegration of such implants self‐assembled vertical and ordered nanotubular TiO2 arrays were fabricated by electrochemical anodization and were plasma treated under O2, N2, O2 + N2, and He gaseous environments and their properties analyzed by various analytical procedures. Osteoblast bone cells (MC3T3‐E1) were grown on TiO2 nanotube‐arrayed substrates and their proliferation was analyzed and quantified. Oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments were found to significantly improve the proliferation of the bone cells over the TiO2 nanoarray substrates, with the O2 + N2 combination yielding the most significant improvements. These findings may be explained by the interactions between the cells and the changes in the surface chemistry induced by the O2 and N2 groups introduced by the plasma discharge treatment onto the TiO2 surfaces
New intermediate phenotype between MED and DD caused by compound heterozygous mutations in the DTDST gene
Authors: Czarny‐Ratajczak Malwina , Bieganski Tadeusz , Rogala Piotr , Glowacki Maciej , Trzeciak Tomasz , Kozlowski Kazimierz 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDTDST mutations cause a spectrum of diastrophic dysplasia disorders characterized by defects of proteoglycans sulfation. Reduction of sulfate/chloride antiporter activity is manifested by lower sulfate uptake and depends on a combination of mutations in DTDST. We analyzed a family with an autosomal recessive form of bone dysplasia. Three affected brothers from this family are compound heterozygotes for C653S/A715V mutations. We classified their phenotype as a new intermediate form between diastrophic dysplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, manifested by shortening of stature, metatarsus adductus/club foot, mild brachydactyly, proximally placed thumbs and clinodactyly of the fifth fingers. Radiographs document platyspondyly most marked in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine, epiphyseal dysplasia affecting predominantly the femoral heads, widening of the metaphyses, narrow growth cartilage and multilayered patellae. Exaggerated lesser trochanters of femur, that is, “monkey wrench” sign, elevated greater trochanters, thin upper pubic rami, grossly normal carpal/tarsal bones and severe, early onset osteoarthritis were other notable features. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Timing of hormone therapy and dementia: The critical window theory revisited
Authors: Whitmer Rachel A. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Zhou Jufen , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:Although previous research has shown that initiation of postmenopausal estrogen hormone therapy (HT) in late life increases risk of dementia, animal studies and some observational studies have suggested that midlife use of HT may be beneficial; however, this has not been rigorously investigated in large population‐based studies. Our objective was to compare HT use in midlife with that in late life on risk of dementia among 5,504 postmenopausal female members of an integrated healthcare delivery system.Methods:HT use was determined at midlife (mean age, 48.7 years) from a survey in 1964 and in late life (mean age, 76 years) using pharmacy databases from 1994 to 1998. Risk of dementia diagnosis was evaluated with inpatient and outpatient diagnoses made in Neurology, Neuropsychology, and Internal Medicine from 1999 to 2008. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine effects of HT use at different times on dementia risk with adjustment for age, education, race, body mass index, number of children, and comorbidities.Results:A total of 1,524 women (27%) were diagnosed with dementia during the follow‐up period. Compared to women never on HT, those taking HT only at midlife had a 26% decreased risk (multivariate adjusted hazards ratio [aHR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–0.94 ), whereas those taking HT only in late life had a 48% increased risk (aHR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10–1.98), and women taking HT at both mid and late life had a similar risk of dementia (aHR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.78–1.34 ).Interpretation:These findings suggest that use of HT in midlife only may protect against cognitive impairment, whereas HT initiation in late life could have deleterious effects. ANN NEUROL, 2010
Probing the Biology of Natural Products: Molecular Editing by Diverted Total Synthesis
Authors: Szpilman Alex M. , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe systematic modification of natural products through diverted total synthesis is a powerful concept for the systematic modification of natural products with the aim of studying mechanistic aspects of their biological activity. This concept offers far‐reaching opportunities for discovery at the interface of biology and chemistry. It is underpinned by the power of chemical synthesis, which manifests itself in the ability to modify structure at will. Its implementation, when combined with innovative design, enables the preparation of unique mechanistic probes that can be decisive in differentiating and validating biological hypotheses at the molecular level. This Review assembles a collection of classic and current cases that illustrate and underscore the scientific possibilities for practitioners of chemical synthesis.
Regulation of human neutrophil Fcγ receptor IIa by C5a receptor promotes inflammatory arthritis in mice
Authors: Tsuboi Naotake , Ernandez Thomas , Li Xun , Nishi Hiroshi , Cullere Xavier , Mekala Divya , Hazen Melissa , Köhl Jörg , Lee David M. , Mayadas Tanya N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis culminates in joint destruction that, in mouse models of disease, is supported by innate immune molecules, including Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and complement. However, these findings may not be predictive of the outcome in humans, given the structural differences between murine and human activating FcγR on neutrophils, a prominent component of joint exudates. The aim of this study was to examine the role of human neutrophil FcγRIIa in the development of arthritis and probe the underlying mechanism by which FcγRIIa initiates disease.MethodsK/BxN mouse serum transfer–induced arthritis was examined in mice expressing human FcγRIIa on neutrophils but lacking their own activating FcγR (γ‐chain–deficient mice). The role of mast cells, complement (C3 and C5a), and CD18 integrins in FcγRIIa‐initiated disease was examined using cell reconstitution approaches, inhibitors, and functional blocking antibodies, respectively. Crosstalk between the complement receptor C5aR and FcγRIIa on neutrophils was evaluated in vitro.ResultsThe expression of human FcγRIIa on neutrophils was sufficient to restore susceptibility to K/BxN serum–induced neutrophil recruitment, synovitis, and bone destruction in γ‐chain–deficient mice. Joint inflammation was robust and proceeded even in the absence of mast cells and vascular permeability, features shown to contribute to disease in wild‐type mice. Neutrophil recruitment was dependent on the presence of a CD18 integrin, lymphocyte function–associated antigen 1, and C5aR. In addition, C5aR significantly enhanced FcγRIIa‐mediated phagocytosis and oxidative burst in vitro.ConclusionHuman and murine activating FcγR on neutrophils are not functionally equivalent, and in humans, they may play a primary role in arthritis. Crosstalk between neutrophil C5aR and FcγRIIa is essential for disease progression, thus highlighting a new aspect of complement during the effector phase of inflammatory arthritis.
Elimination of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds in fungal biofilters: Reducing start‐up time using different carbon sources
Authors: Vergara‐Fernández Alberto , Hernández Sergio , Revah Sergio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFungal biofilters have been recently studied as an alternative to the bacterial systems for the elimination of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOC). Fungi foster reduced transport limitation of hydrophobic VOCs due to their hydrophobic surface and extended gas exchange area associated to the hyphal growth. Nevertheless, one of their principal drawbacks is their slow growth, which is critical in the start‐up of fungal biofilters. This work compares the use of different carbon sources (glycerol, 1‐hexanol, wheat bran, and n‐hexane) to reduce the start‐up period and sustain high n‐hexane elimination capacities (EC) in biofilters inoculated with Fusarium solani. Four parallel experiments were performed with the different media and the EC, the n‐hexane partition coefficient, the biomass production and the specific consumption rate were evaluated. Biofilters were operated with a residence time of 1.3 min and an inlet n‐hexane load of 325 g m−3reactor h−1. The time to attain maximum EC once gaseous n‐hexane was fed was reduced in the three experiments with alternate substrates, as compared to the 36 days needed with the control where only n‐hexane was added. The shortest adaptation period was 7 days when wheat bran was initially used obtaining a maximum EC of 160 g m−3reactor h−1 and a critical load of 55 g m−3reactor h−1. The results were also consistent with the pressure drop, the amount of biomass produced and its affinity for the gaseous n‐hexane, as represented by its partition coefficient. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:758–765. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computer‐aided teaching of state‐variable formulation for LTI circuits
Authors: Bachiller‐Soler Alfonso , Rosendo‐Macías José A. , Gómez‐Expósito Antonio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe state‐variable formulation is the most widely used approach for the transient analysis of dynamic circuits. This paper illustrates the use of the Matlab environment to obtain the state‐variable equations of LTI circuits for educational purposes. The system of equations is obtained by systematically formulating and rearranging the cut‐set equations associated with the so‐called proper tree. The setup developed in this paper is intended for a basic course on Linear Circuit Theory, which is mandatory in any Electrical Engineering curriculum, but it could be adapted to any other Engineering course involving first‐order differential equations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 627–635, 2013
Tri‐ and Tetraurea Piperazine Cyclophanes: Synthesis and Complexation Studies of Preorganized and Folded Receptor Molecules
Authors: Raatikainen Kari , Beyeh N. Kodiah , Rissanen Kari 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA series of symmetrical tri‐ and tetramericN‐ethyl‐ andN‐phenylurea‐functionalized cyclophanes have been prepared in nearly quantitative yields (86–99 %) from the corresponding tri‐ and tetraamino‐functionalized piperazine cyclophanes and ethyl or phenyl isocyanates. Their conformational and complexation properties have been studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy, and ESI‐MS analysis. The rigid 27‐membered trimeric cyclophane skeleton assisted by a seam of intramolecular hydrogen bonds results in a preorganized ditopic recognition site with an all‐synconformation of the urea moieties that, complemented by a lipophilic cavity of the cyclophane, binds molecular and ionic guests as well as ion pairs. The all‐synconformation persists in acidic conditions and the triprotonated triurea cyclophane binds an unprecedented anion pair, H2PO4−⋅⋅⋅HPO42−, in the solid state. The tetra‐N‐ethylurea cyclophane is less rigid and demonstrates an induced‐fit recognition of diisopropyl ether in the solid state. The guest was encapsulated within the lipophilic interior of a quasicapsule, formed by intramolecular hydrogen‐bond‐driven folding of the 36‐membered cyclophane skeleton. In the gas phase, the essential role of the urea moieties in the binding was demonstrated by the formation of monomeric 1:1 complexes with K+, TMA+, and TMP+as well as the ion‐pair complexes [KI+K]+, [TMABr+TMA]+and [TMPBr+TMP]+. In the positive‐mode ESI‐MS analysis, ion‐pair binding was found to be more pronounced with the larger tetraurea cyclophanes. In the negative mode, owing to the large size of the binding site, a general binding preference towards larger anions, such as the iodide, over smaller anions, such as the fluoride, was observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydriodic Acid‐Mediated Cyclization of α‐Substituted Secondary 2‐Ethenylbenzamides: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 2,3‐Dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐ones and 3,3‐Disubstituted (E)‐1‐(Arylimino)‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofurans.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Fujita Seiki , Nakai Daisuke , Fukumoto Shogo , Fukamachi Shuhei , Konishi Hisatoshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new and facile method for the preparation of substituted isoindolones and benzofurans is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Bicentral Oxidation of Nitrosolic Acids: Synthesis of 1,1‐Dinitroalkanes.
Authors: Sheremetev Aleksei B. , Aleksandrova Natal'ya S. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the oxidative synthesis of gem‐dinitro‐alkanes starting from gem‐dinitroso compounds is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Sulfides and β‐Hydroxy Sulfoxides Catalyzed by Cu/MgO under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Balasubramanyam Penagaluri , Krishnaiah Maddeboina , Veeranjaneyulu Boyapati , Sudhakar Dega 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe ring‐opening reaction of epoxides with thiols proceeds regio‐, stereo‐, and chemoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Compounds in Organic Synthesis: Synthesis of Dioxanes, Dioxepines, and Dioxolanes Catalyzed by Bismuth(III) Triflate.
Authors: Podgorski Daniel M. , Krabbe Scott W. , Le Long N. , Sierszulski Paul R. , Mohan Ram S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simple procedure is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Chemoselective Zincation of Sensitive and Moderately Activated Aromatics and Heteroaromatics Using TMPZnCl·LiCl.
Authors: Bresser Tomke , Mosrin Marc , Monzon Gabriel , Knochel Paul 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUnder conditions A), sensitive and moderately activated aromatics and heteroaromatics undergo regio‐ and chemoselective zincation.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Fused 4H‐Pyran Systems.
Authors: Bayat Mohammad , Shiraz Nader Zabarjad , Asayesh Soheila Shafei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe three‐component reaction of CH‐acids in the presence of electron‐deficient acetylenic esters and alkyl isocyanides provides a simple entry into the synthesis of 4H‐pyran annulated systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Asymmetric Peroxides: Transition Metal (Cu, Fe, Mn, Co) Catalyzed Peroxidation of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide.
Authors: Terent'ev Alexander O. , Borisov Dmitry A. , Yaremenko Ivan A. , Chernyshev Vladimir V. , Nikishin Gennady I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe title reaction provides a convenient and selective approach to α‐peroxidated derivatives such as (III), (V), (VII), and (XI), which are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel—Crafts Arylation Reactions of N‐Sulfonyl Aldimines or Sulfonamidesulfones with Electron‐Rich Arenes Catalyzed by FeCl3·6H2O: Synthesis of Triarylmethanes and Bis‐heteroarylarylmethanes.
Authors: Thirupathi Ponnaboina , Kim Sung Soo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSulfonyl aldimines and sulfonamidesulfones undergo convenient arylation with electron‐rich arenes and heteroarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Highly Efficient Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles and N‐Bridgehead Pyrroles by Zinc‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Liu Xiao‐tao , Hao Lu , Lin Min , Chen Li , Zhang Zhuang‐ping 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA convenient zinc(II) chloride‐catalyzed regioselective propargylation—amination—cycloisomerization process is developed for the synthesis of substituted pyrrole derivatives from propargylic acetates, enoxysilanes and primary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: CuBr‐Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of N‐Azomethine: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Methine‐Bridged Bisindole Compounds.
Authors: Yang Jianguo , Wang Zhijing , Pan Fuyou , Li Yongmin , Bao Weiliang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractVarious N‐benzyl amines (II) undergo oxidative cross‐dehydrogenative‐coupling reactions with indoles mediated by tert‐butyl hydroperoxide affording methine‐bridged bis‐indole derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Microwave Irradiation Enhanced Stereoselective Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Indolylchalcones and Their Pyrazoline Analogues.
Authors: Zahran Magdy A. H. , Salama Hanan F. , Abdin Yasmin G. , Gamal‐Eldeen Amira M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe cytotoxicity of all synthesized compounds (III) and (V) against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Hep‐G2) is tested.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ammonium Betaines as Ionic Nucleophilic Catalysts.
Authors: Uraguchi Daisuke , Koshimoto Kyohei , Miyake Shuhei , Ooi Takashi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractChiral betaine NAB is a highly enantioselective catalyst for the Steglich rearrangement of oxazolyl trichloroethyl carbonates (I) providing oxazolones bearing a quaternary stereogenic carbon atom.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Regiospecific Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐1H‐benzotriazoles via Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization Reaction.
Authors: Liu Qi‐Lun , Wen Di‐Di , Hang Chen‐Chen , Li Qiu‐Lian , Zhu Yong‐Ming 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe synthesis is regiospecific and functional group‐tolerant.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions of Furan‐2,3‐diones: Synthesis and Characterizations of Furo[3,2‐c]pyran‐4‐ones.
Authors: Koca Irfan , Yildirim Ismail , Sahin Ertan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCompounds (III), which possess natural‐product skeleton, are synthesized via a simple one‐pot three‐component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Polyhalogenoalkyl‐Containing Phosphonates with an Enaminone Core and Their Use in the Preparation of Fluorinated Heterocycles.
Authors: Tarasenko Karen V. , Manoylenko Olga V. , Kukhar Valery P. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Gerus Igor I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractScope and limitation concerning the reaction of readily prepared ketones (IV) with triethyl phosphite is investigated, resulting in an efficient synthesis of phosphonates (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Aplysiols C—E, Brominated Triterpene Polyethers from the Marine Alga Chondria armata and a Revision of the Structure of Aplysiol B.
Authors: Ola Antonius R. B. , Babey Anna‐Marie , Motti Cherie , Bowden Bruce F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe isolation and investigation of the title compounds (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic) reveal that the stereochemistry of aplysiol B (Id) has to be revised at C‐15 and C‐19.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of ent‐Heliespirones A and C.
Authors: Huang Chong , Liu Bo 
Published: November 2010

Abstractent‐Heliespirones A (VI) and C (VII) are prepared via a diastereoselective addition of boronic acid (III) to unsaturated lactone (II) and a biomimetic intramolecular oxaspirocyclization of quinone (V) as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Parallel Solution‐Phase Synthesis of (2S,4E)‐4‐(Arylaminomethylidene)pyroglutamic Acids.
Authors: Svete Jurij , Groselj Uros , Baskovc Jernej , Dahmann Georg , Stanovnik Branko 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn easy access to a small library of derivatives (V) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of New Fuzanins, Carbamate‐Containing Natural Products, from Kitasatospora sp. IFM10917.
Authors: Maekawa Kazuya , Toume Kazufumi , Ishibashi Masami 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe 5 new fuzanins E‐J (I) and (II), carbamate‐containing natural products, show no inhibition of Wnt signal transcription activity or antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis.
ChemInform Abstract: Aranciamycin Anhydride, a New Anthracycline‐Type Antibiotic Isolated from Streptomyces sp. TUE 6384.
Authors: Nachtigall Jonny , Schulz Dirk , Beil Winfried , Suessmuth Roderich D. , Fiedler Hans‐Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe new anthracycline‐type antibiotic aranciamycin anhydride (I) shows weak antibacterial activity only against Bacillus subtilis.
ChemInform Abstract: Flaviogeranin, a New Neuroprotective Compound from Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Hayakawa Yoichi , Yamazaki Yumi , Kurita Maki , Kawasaki Takashi , Takagi Motoki , Shin‐ya Kazuo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFlaviogeranin (I) is isolated from Streptomyces sp.
Solvent‐induced chirality control in the enantioseparation of 1‐phenylethylamine via diastereomeric salt formation
Authors: Kodama Koichi , Kimura Yuria , Shitara Hiroaki , Yasutake Mikio , Sakurai Rumiko , Hirose Takuji 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSolvent‐induced chirality control in the enantioseparation of 1‐phenylethylamine 1 by N‐(p‐toluenesulfonyl)‐(S)‐phenylalanine 2 via diastereomeric salt formation was studied. (S)‐1·(S)‐2 was preferentially crystallized as a less‐soluble salt from aqueous alcohol, while (R)‐1·(S)‐2 salt was mainly obtained by addition of solvents with a six‐membered ring such as dioxane, cyclohexane, tetrahydropyran, and cyclohexene to 2‐propanol. Further investigations were carried out from the viewpoints of molecular structures, optical rotation measurement, and X‐ray crystallographic analyses. Crystallographic analyses have revealed that incorporation of the six‐membered ring solvent molecule in (R)‐1·(S)‐2 without hydrogen bonds changed the molecular conformation of (S)‐2 to stabilize the salt, which changed the selectivity of 1 in the enantioseparation. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.