bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seedlings growth from different age of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) experiencing repeated leaf fall
Authors: Junaidi  , Andriyanto M , Fauzi I R , Putri D A , Ismi S B , Rambe N P , Ginting H M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The budding technique propagation requires rootstock, which are raised from rubber seeds. Due to repeated leaf fall disease since 2015, seed production dropped and threatened the rubber-replanting program. Amid this situation, young trees may be a temporary source of the seeds for rootstocks, which under normal conditions is not recommended. To test this hypothesis, a comparison of germination rate, seedling growth, and biomass accumulation of the seeds from young and mature PB 260 rubber trees was carried out at Sungei Putih Research Unit, Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study showed that the germination rate of the seeds was low i.e. 7.23 + 2.96 % of young plants and 21.96 + 13.51 % of mature plants respectively, both were below normal values around 70 – 80%. After germination, no significant difference was found in the growth of seedlings from young trees and their mature counterparts. The root/shoot ratio exhibited no significant difference between the two types of seedlings observed, indicating a similar biomass accumulation capability. In the condition when seed supply was limited due to leaf fall disease, the seeds of young trees might be used as a temporary source with standard selection protocols should be implied.
Optimizing Nutrient Management: Slow-Release NPK Granule Fertilizer Enhanced with Zeolite and Humic Acid for Sustainable Plantation Crops
Authors: Suwardi  , Darmawan  , Oktariani Putri , Malahayati Yusuf Sri , Randrikasari Octaviana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA study focused on addressing the efficiency issues associated with NPK fertilizer, which is crucial for plant growth but prone to nutrient loss through various mechanisms such as leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. This research investigates the potential of zeolite and humic acid in controlling the release of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) from NPK Granule Plus fertilizer. NPK Granules Plus are made by mixing NPK fertilizer with zeolite and humic acid as a coating for controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Incubation experiment was carried out at the Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University to determine the release pattern of NPK Granule Plus in the soil. At the same time, field experiments were carried out in rubber plantations and kopyor coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plants planted at Karangnunggal District, Tasikmalaya, West Java to determine the effect on rubber production and growth of kopyor coconut. The results of the study demonstrate that the application of NPK Granule Pus effectively mitigates the slower release of N and K. Application of NPK Granule Plus 300 kg/ha to rubber plants increased the rubber latex production by 28% over control. Meanwhile, application of NPK Granule Plus fertilizer to kopyor coconut plants increased the plant height, plant diameter, and number of leaves compared to those of NPK Granule Conventional Fertilizer. These findings suggest that the use of zeolite and humic acid in NPK Granule Plus holds promise for optimizing nutrient retention in plantation crops, ultimately enhancing the efficiency and increasing production of plants.
Exposure of Beauveria bassiana from different sites to changes in behaviour and mortality of oil palm beetle larvae: Oryctes rhinoceros
Authors: Erawati D N , Taufika R , Fisdiana U , Humaida S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The potential of Beauveria bassiana as a biological control agent for Oryctes rhinoceros is still rarely reported. The objective of the research was to analyse the behaviour and mortality of O. rhinoceros larva due to exposure to several of B. bassiana. The research method used the Completely Randomized Design and analysis with 5% Tukey’s test. The results showed that B. bassiana form different sites had the potential to be developed as an effective biological control product in controlling O. rhinoceros as a part of novelty to explore the biodiversity of native biological control in Indonesia. Larvae of O. rhinoceros that were exposed to and infected with B. bassiana experienced changes in movement activity and decreased appetite as well as differences in cuticle colour, the initially limp body will turn stiff while the cuticle colour will change and the next symptom will be white mycelium growth which was proven by the SEM. The B. bassiana from Jember 1 had the highest mortality rate of 37.5% at 30 days after application even though it had the lowest spore density. These results indicate something new and require further study regarding the toxin content of each B. bassiana from different sites.
Effectiveness of NPK compound (15-15-6) fertilizer to improve maize performance in inceptisol soil
Authors: Krismawati A , Arifin Z , Latifah E , Baswarsiati  , Fauziah L , Purbiati T , Anggraeni L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Producer of fertilizer mandatory to carry out fertilizer effectiveness tests before their products were marketed, because the results of fertilizer effectiveness tests was determined by the Ministry of Agriculture to protect consumers from adverse impacts due to the use of fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of NPK compound (15-15-6) fertilizer to improve maize performance. The study was conducted Keling Village, Kepung Subdistrict, Kediri Regency, East Java Province, since January - April 2019. The study used RBD with 6 treatments and 4 replications, namely A = control, B = SFD, C = 300 kg Urea ha−1 + 50 kg SP-36 ha−1 + 200 kg NPK 15-15-6 ha−1, D = 300 kg Urea ha−1 + 50 kg SP-36 ha−1 + 300 kg NPK 15-15-6 ha−1, E = 250 Urea ha−1 + 400 kg NPK 15-15-6 ha−1, and F = 200 Urea ha−1 + 500 kg NPK 15-15-6 ha−1. The results showed that treatment F obtained of 8.35 t.ha−1, R/C-ratio 2,65, RAE value 137.38%, and the profite farming IDR. 21,850,000 per hectare.
Application of Planting System and Organic Fertilizer on the Yield of Inpari IR Nutri Zinc in Lampung
Authors: Endriani  , Arief R W , Diptaningsari D , Wardani N , Soraya  , Asnawi R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The low rice productivity in Lampung needs to be increased. The objectives of this study were to introduce new superior Inpari IR Nutri Zinc rice and determine the effect of planting systems and biofertilizer on the growth and yield of Inpari IR Nutri Zinc rice in technically irrigated rice fields in Lampung. The experiment was carried out in technically irrigated rice fields in Kalirejo Village, Negeri Katon District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, using a split-plot design in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments tested were three rice planting systems as the main plot and the dose of biofertilizer as a sub-plot. The parameters observed components of growth and yield components. Data were analyzed with the SAS software 5.4 version. The results showed that the application of biofertilizers gave effects on rice yield. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of biofertilizers can increase rice yields by 10-12% compared to those without biofertilizers, in the three cropping systems. The application of biofertilizers resulted in the highest harvested dry grain production, namely 6.61 tons per hectare and significantly different than that without biofertilizers, namely 5.96 tons per hectare. The production of dry grain harvested by the three cropping systems was not significantly different at an average of 6.28 tons per hectare.
Integrated farming organic based on a partnership close-loop system in blambangan plantation, Banyuwangi Regency
Authors: Djamali R. A. , Cahyaningrum D. T. , Retnowati N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This will decide the direction of customer attitudes and decisions to transition to consuming healthy and safe food items, together with the dynamics of expanding consumer preferences regarding the relevance of health and food safety. The primary option for addressing the shifting demands of consumers is organic food. The tendency to buy organic food items is positively impacted by consumer education about health and safety. Health and safety awareness has a favorable impact on consumers’ decisions to buy organic food. PT. Sirtanio Organic Indonesia in Banyuwangi is one of the commercial actors that regularly and constantly produce organic food ingredients (organic rice and soybeans). The goal of this project is to develop partnerships-based, integrated organic farming that uses a closed-loop system. Purposive sampling was utilized to choose the descriptive qualitative research approach at the company PT Sirtanio Organik Indonesia. In-depth interviews and group brainstorming with practitioners and higher education specialists are the methods used to acquire the data. The following are the conclusions: (1) an integrated organic farming pattern based on a close loop system (IFO-CLS) business development plan was successfully created; and (2) the IFO-CLS model was successfully implemented, particularly organic soybean production at PT. Sirtanio Organik through the Matching Fund-Kedaireka Kemristekdikti program in 2022.
Increasing Robusta Coffee Production Through a Rejuvenation Agrotechnology System in The Politeknik Negeri Jember Collection Garden
Authors: Hartatie D , Setyoko U , Supriyadi  , Handayani H T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Robusta coffee is more produced because of the wider area of Arabica coffee. However, coffee productivity is not offset by plant maintennace. Pruning coffee plants is one way of rejuvenating coffee plants that coffee farmers can do to maintain their productivity a part from replanting. This study was conducted to determine the effect of agrotechnology rejuvination on robusta coffee clones BP 42, BP 234, BP 409, and BP 534 in the collection garden of Politeknik Negeri Jember which are no longer productive so with a 100% rejuvenation system for each clone is carried out. The research method was carried out by observation of coffee plants and shade plants, Foccus Group Discussion (FGD), training and assistance in the implementation of pruning. Temperature and humidity observations are carried out every 2 days in the morning, afternoon and evening with 3 repetitions. The results showed that the rejuvenation method was said to be successful, because the four clones namely BP 42, BP 234, BP 409, and BP 534 produced good shoot growth. The average good growth of shoots was found in BP 409 and BP 534 clones of 100%, followed by BP 42 and BP 234 clones of 94.4%.
Characterization and production hydroponic fodder for corn (Zea mays) and sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) at different harvest times
Authors: Wulandari S , Kusuma S B , Utomo B , Respati A N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the characterization and production of hydroponic fodder corn (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at different harvest ages. The study used a randomized complete factorial design. The first factor was plant type (corn and sorghum) and the second factor was harvest age (7 days, 10 days and 13 days). Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Variables observed included number of leaves, the growth rate of fodder plants, the fresh production of fodder plants, and the dry matter production of fodder plants. The research stages included seed preparation, planting, maintenance and harvesting. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further test using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results of the research show that corn is better used as fodder compared to sorghum, because corn fodder has a greater number of leaves, the growth speed is faster, the production of fresh and dry matter is also higher compared to sorghum fodder. A harvest time of 10 days relatively produces higher production and a shorter time compared to a harvest time of 13 days. The conclusion of this research is that the best growth and biomass production results is corn fodder crops with a harvest time of 10 days.
Feeding tobacco waste flour as a feed additive to evaluate quail performances and physical qualities of quail eggs under the tropics
Authors: Syahniar TM , Nurkholis  , Andriani M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research aimed to assess quail performances and physical qualities of quail eggs which fed various level additions of tobacco waste flour in laying quail diets for the first couple weeks of maintenance under tropical environment. This research used layer quail aged 85 days with bodyweight around 205.15±22.61 g/bird as experimental animals. It was as many as 240 birds that were randomly divided based on 4 treatment levels with 6 repetitions. Treatment levels of tobacco waste flour (TWF) additives were formulated rations without TWF (0% TWF, T1 as negative control); formulated rations with 1.5% TWF (T2); formulated rations with 3% (T3) and commercial feed (0% TWF, T4 as positive control). This research was designed using a CRD pattern. Quail housed in colony cages were fed rations with 4 treatment levels according to the quail standard necessity and ad-libitum access to drinking water. The parameters observed were quail performances which consisted of daily feed intake, quail day production, and physical qualities (egg weight, egg shape index, yolk color, and haugh unit [HU]) of quail eggs. Results denoted that treatment levels were strongly significant (P<0.05) on the daily feed intake but had a similar (P>0.05) percentage of quail day production. It also presented a significant result (P<0.05) on all parameters of physical qualities, except on HU. They indicated that the inclusion of TWF in the quail diet under tropical environments was able to streamline daily intake, and maintain egg production stability, but did not adverse physical qualities of quail eggs.
Utilization of golden apple snail egg as feed additive in laying hen
Authors: Nusantoro S , Kustiawan E , Nurfitriani R A , Rukmi D L , Suyadi  , Natsir M H , Sjofjan O 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Naturally bioresources play an important role as bio-additive sources in animal production. The eggs of golden apple snails could be a source of carotenoid, particularly astaxanthin. The goal of this experiment was to assess the impact of the eggs of golden apple snails on the growth performance of laying chickens. A feeding trial comprising three treatments of ration that were incorporated with various levels of golden apple-snail eggs was fed to the laying chickens. After two weeks of the experiment, the growth performance of the bird was assessed. The incorporation of the golden apple snail eggs in the ration affected the feed intake of laying chicken but not growth and feed conversion.
Effectiveness mutagenesis of Bacillus subtilis using EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) to increase xylanase enzyme activity
Authors: Pantaya D , Alfriani C N E , Asrianto N , Subagja H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the effect of mutagenizing Bacillus subtilis with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) for xylanase production and evaluate the effect of different xylan concentrations from corn cobs. The xylanase enzyme is an enzyme that can reduce the xylan content which is an anti-nutrient in animal feed. The wild-type Bacillus subtilis was treated with 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml of EMS. The mutants generated were selected for xylanase production in a medium containing xylan from corn cobs as a carbon source. The parameters observed included: Total Plate Count (TPC) and reducing sugar (xylose). Protein concentration and xylanase enzymes were analyzed using the Bradford method and 3.5 Dinitro salicylic acid for reducing sugar according to Miller methods respectively. Five mutants developed from each of the EMS concentrations. Approximately 6 and 6.8 % of the mutants developed from 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml of EMS had higher xylanase activities than the wild type and protein and xylose concentrations were higher than the wild type. From the results of the research, it can be seen that the use of EMS compounds has the potential to increase enzyme activity so that it can be potential in reducing antinutrients in animal feedstuff.
The effect of different types of leavening agents on the physical characteristics and sensory of red bean sponge cake
Authors: Lee S M , Widodo F , Lo D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has rapid growth in Indonesia with high production capacity. It has 50% more protein and 88% more crude fiber content than wheat flour. This makes red beans one of the potential raw materials for making sponge cake without using wheat flour. However, red bean-based products need additional food additives to improve the physical characteristics of sponge cake. The purpose of this study is to develop a sponge cake product made from red bean flour as a substitute for wheat flour with the addition of food additives (SP, TBM, ovalette, baking powder, baking soda, and cream of tartar) also to determine the effect of using the type of leavening agent on physical characteristic and preference level on red bean sponge cake. Hardness, density, swelling power, swelling stability, crumbs analysis, color properties, and sensory evaluation was conducted using six different leavening agents. Furthermore, the sample analysis was performed triplicate then analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the physical characteristic test, the best addition of food additives is SP, TBM, and baking powder. Furthermore, red bean sponge cake with the addition of SP was the most liked by the panelists with a score of 3.79.
The effects of sugar substitution with cinnamon powder in moringa jelly candy
Authors: Sadek N F , Lie D B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sugar substitution with cinnamon powder (CP) on moringa jelly candy (MJC). Four MJC formulations were made based on the level of sugar substitution using 0%, 7.5%, 15%, and 22.5% CP, coded as control, F1, F2, and F3, respectively. Samples were then analyzed for nutritional content, water activity, color, texture, antioxidant activity (using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method), sweetness intensity (using 9-scales rating test), sensory acceptance (using 9-point hedonic test), and sensory profile (using CATA/Check-All-That-Apply). Substituting sugar with CP significantly increased moisture content, antioxidant activity, and hedonic acceptance but significantly decreased the total sugars and calories. However, no significant effects were observed on hardness, water activity, and protein content. Based on the De Garmo effectiveness index, 15% sugar substitution with CP (F2) resulted in the optimum MJC formulation having moisture content 30.71%, protein content 12.59%, total Brix (sugar) 62.00%, total calories 277.04 kcal/100 g, hardness 13.47 N, lightness (L*) 34.63, water activity 0.90, antioxidant activity 83.13%, and the overall liking score 5.34 (neither like nor dislike). The F2 had medium sweetness intensity (5.54), which was not statistically different from the control. The F2 sensory profile was in the opposite quadrant against control and positively correlated with cinnamon taste and aroma, which were also highly associated with product liking. This result indicates that CP is promising as a sugar substitute and to improve the sensory acceptance of MJC by masking the undesirable moringa flavor.
Effects of heat-moisture treatment duration and bean condition on the physicochemical properties of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) starch
Authors: Ridawati  , Alsuhendra  
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Phaseolus vulgaris L (red beans) contain starch that is primarily composed of 44.8% amylose and 55.2% amylopectin but exhibit temperature instability despite their dietary prevalence. This study used Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) to improve starch attributes in red beans, testing the effects of 4, 5, and 6-hour treatments at 110°C on both fresh and dried samples. The results indicated that both the HMT duration and the beans’ initial state significantly affected the starch’s properties. For fresh beans, the moisture content was reduced from 11.56%±0.54 to 3.04%±0.18, while in dried beans, it decreased from 9.32%±0.94 to 3.81%±0.04. Ash content changed minimally ranging from 1.14%±0.25 to 1.96%±0.02. Bulk density in native fresh and dried starches initially recorded at 0.71 g/mL±0.01 and 0.81 g/mL±0.01, respectively, was observed to decrease after HMT, particularly to 0.51 g/mL±0.01 for dried beans treated for 4 hours. Tapped density varied slightly, reaching up to 0.86 g/mL±0.04. Water activity in both bean types also reduced to 0.42±0.01. In conclusion, HMT significantly enhances Phaseolus vulgaris L starch by lowering moisture, bulk density, and water activity, while maintaining ash content. Further studies should explore the best HMT duration and examine the modified starch’s functional attributes.
Application of the kano model to identify important sensory attributes of bubble tea drinks accompanied with boba pearl made from purple sweet potato and sugar palm fruit
Authors: Daffa V K , Romulo A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Indonesian bubble tea market is experiencing rapid growth and continuous innovation, marked by a diverse array of flavors and conceptual approaches. Bubble tea commonly includes tapioca pearls, rich in carbohydrates but lacking essential nutrients. To create healthier boba pearls, alternative ingredients like sweet purple potato and sugar palm fruit could be utilized. However, the critical sensory attributes influencing consumer preferences for these boba pearls remain unidentified. This research aims to discern essential attributes in bubble tea drinks with boba pearls made from purple sweet potatoes and sugar palm fruit, utilizing the Kano model to identify influential attributes. The KANO survey identified several attractive attributes, including the use of purple sweet potatoes and sugar palm fruit as main ingredients, the natural purple color, aroma, and taste of purple sweet potatoes, vanilla aroma and taste, utilization of cassava fructose syrup, creaminess in the bubble tea drink, and a naturally sweet taste from cassava fructose syrup. These attractive attributes demonstrated customer satisfaction coefficients ranging from 0.53 to 0.82 and dissatisfaction coefficients from -0.03 to 0.05. These findings are valuable for prioritizing attributes in the development of appealing and healthier bubble tea beverages, addressing consumer preferences effectively.
Nutritional value and fiber content of cookies prepared from okara flour substitution: study on dietary fiber, isoflavone, and chemical properties
Authors: Fadhila P T , Rakhmadevi A G , Mardiyanto M , Nurwahyuningsih  
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cookies as a popular and ready-to-eat snack began to be developed as an alternative food for people with special diets. Soy products are known to be a source of inexpensive protein, nutritious and have functional properties. Okara as a soybean residue from soymilk production has nutritional value such as protein, fat, antioxidant like isoflavone and others that can be applied to a variety of food such as cookies. The target of this study is to evaluate the fiber and nutritional value of cookies made from okara flour. Prepared cookies are analyzed for proximate, texture, antioxidant and fiber content. This study used ANOVA and followed with Honest Significants Difference (HSD) consisting 3 treatments (A0B0-without substitution of okara flour, A3B2-20% okara flour substitution and 0,5gram cinnamon powder and A4B2-30% okara flour substitution and 0,5gram cinnamon powder). The range of the cookie’s moisture content, ash, crude protein, fat, and carbohydrate was 2.16-4.01%, 1.39-1.65%, 9.1-17.09%, 17.20-21.07%, and 60.24-65.86% respectively. The highest fiber content (3.52%) and isoflavone level (47.4μg/mg) of cookies were cookies prepared with okara flour substitution 30%.