bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dye coupling and connexin expression by cortical radial glia in the early postnatal subventricular zone
Authors: Freitas Andressa S. , Xavier Anna L.R. , Furtado Carla M. , Hedin‐Pereira Cecilia , Fróes Maira M. , Menezes João R.L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this study, we have analyzed the specific contribution of the cortical radial glia (RG) for gap junctional communication (GJC) within the postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ). To specifically target RG as source of dye‐coupling in situ, we have developed a new technique that involves direct cell loading through the processes that reach the pial surface, with a mix of gap junction permeant (Lucifer yellow, LY) and nonpermeant (rhodamine‐conjugated dextran 3 KDa, RD) fluorochromes, the latter used as a marker for direct loaded cells. Tissue sections were analyzed for identification of directly loaded (LY+RD+) and coupled cells (LY+RD–) in the SVZ. Directly loaded cells were restricted to the region underlying the pial loading surface area. Coupled cells were distributed in a bistratified manner, along the outer dorsal surface of the SVZ and aligning the ventricle, leaving the SVZ core relatively free. Blocking GJC prior to pial loading greatly reduced dye coupling. Phenotypic analysis indicated that coupling by RG excludes neuroblasts and is mostly restricted to cells of glial lineage. Notwithstanding, no corresponding restriction to specific cell phenotype was found for two connexin isotypes, Cx43 and Cx45, in the postnatal SVZ. The extensive homocellular cell coupling by RG suggests an important role in the regulation of neurogenesis and functional compartmentalization of the postnatal SVZ. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2012
Structure–Photoluminescence Quenching Relationships of Iridium(III)–Tris(phenylpyridine) Complexes
Authors: Ruggi Albert , Mauro Matteo , Polo Federico , Reinhoudt David N. , De Cola Luisa , Velders Aldrik H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe synthesis, structural, photophysical, theoretical, and electrochemical characterization of four tris(2‐phenylpyridine)‐based IrIII complexes are reported. The complexes were functionalized on the pyridine or on the phenyl rings with amide moieties substituted with a tris(ethyl)amine or ethyl groups, thereby yielding a family of compounds with hemicaged or open (without a capping unit but with similar functional groups on the ligand) structure. Within the context of the parent tris(2‐phenylpyridine) and the full‐cage iridium(III) complexes, structure–photoluminescence quenching relationships (SPQR) of the four complexes have been investigated. Luminescence quenching by oxygen has been studied with Stern–Volmer plots and through evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters involved in the quenching process. Density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations have been performed on the complexes to gain insights into structural and electronicfeatures and the nature of the excited states involved in the electronic absorption processes. Interestingly, shielding by the capping unit of moieties in which the LUMO orbital is mostly localized (on the pyridines) results in a dramatic 40 % decrease in oxygen quenching. Conversely, shielding ofmoieties in which the HOMO orbital is partially localized (on the phenyl rings) does not induce any change in the oxygen quenching degree. In both sets of compounds, the thermodynamic feasibility of oxygen quenching is the same for the hemicaged and open compounds, thus giving evidence of the structural origin of such quenching decrease. The SPQRopens up new routes to the design of tailored, more or less sensitive to oxygen, luminescent iridium complexes (e.g., for use as biolabels).
Effect of cultivation area and climatic conditions on volatiles of virgin olive oil
Authors: Kiralan Mustafa , Ozkan Gulcan , Koyluoglu Fatma , Ugurlu Hatice Asik , Bayrak Ali , Kiritsakis Apostolos 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTo elucidate the influence of the cultivation area and climatic conditions on volatiles of virgin olive oil from Gemlik cultivar, an investigation was carried out. Five Turkish geographical zones (Balıkesir, Aydın, Manisa, Antalya and Hatay) were chosen. From these areas, fruits were collected at the same maturity stage and processed using a small experimental olive oil mill, applying identical processing conditions for all olive samples. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) technique coupled to GC/MS was used for volatile analysis. Twenty‐seven compounds were identified and characterised, representing 96.40–98.74% of the total GC area. The major volatile representing about 50% was the (E)‐2‐hexenal. This compound was found in higher concentrations on olive oils from Antalya than from Hatay area. Hexanal was the second most abundant volatile compound and varied between 13.89 and 28.96%. Comparing the olive growing areas Hatay and Antalya, the hexanal concentration was about 29 and 14%, respectively. Generally, a significant difference in the composition of volatile compounds between the oils from the same olive cultivar and from different geographic regions was recorded. The results suggest that climatic factors, latitude and longitude affect the formation of volatiles.
Enzymatic strategies for solvent‐free production of short and medium chain phytosteryl esters
Authors: Torrelo Guzman , Torres Carlos F. , Reglero Guillermo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTransesterification of phytosterols with short and medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) ethyl esters and with tributyrin catalyzed by Candida rugosa and Pseudomonas stutzeri TL lipases in solvent‐free medium was studied including the effects of temperature, fatty acid specificity, enzyme quantity, the residual activity of each lipase and reduced pressure. More than the 90% of the original phytosterols were transformed into their corresponding phystosteryl esters after 3–4 h reaction at 50–60°C and at 100–350 mbar. The product mixtures containing 40–50% (w/w) phystosteryl esters were then vacuum distilled to remove molar excess of SCFA and MCFA ethyl esters utilized in the enzymatic reaction. By this methodology, purities >95% in short and medium chain phytosteryl esters were finally obtained.Practical applications: The methodology presented here describes a rapid and easy process to prepare phytosteryl esters with short and medium chain fatty acids. The phytosteryl esters produced in this study are expected to have improved their hydrodispersibility and bioavailability in comparison with their corresponding free phytosterols. A lower melting point than the original phytosterol and an improved oil and fat solubility are also expected. Moreover, the SCFA and MCFA could act as a lipid vehicle for fatty acids, improving their half‐life in the body and promoting their biological activities.
The New Age of Electrophilic Perfluoro­alk­ylation Reactions
Authors: Macé Yohan , Magnier Emmanuel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe introduction of a perfluoroalkyl group, with emphasis on the trifluoromethyl moiety, is a challenging topic. Of the synthetic methods available in the repertoire of chemists, electrophilic introduction was until recently the least developed. In five years, however, a renaissance of this chemistry has happened. This renewal has been made possible thanks to reports both of numerous new reagents (stable, easy tohandle and to prepare) and of easier preparation of older reagents. Their availability rapidly inspired highly original works involving their use, in particular with the help of catalysis. This virtuous spiral, as well as all these exciting new developments, is described in this microreview.
Efficient Preparation of Anhydrous Metallic Triflates and Triflimides under Ultrasonic Activation
Authors: Legrave Nathalie , Couhert Audrey , Olivero Sandra , Desmurs Jean‐Roger , Duñach Elisabet 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSeveral metallic triflates and triflimides, among them anhydrous salts, were prepared in high yields under ultrasonic activation from the corresponding metal powders andstoichiometric amounts of triflic or triflimidic acid in different solvents. Different InIII and BiIII salts were tested as catalysts in hydrothiolation of olefins and in hydroarylation processes, respectively.
A vectorial algorithm with finite element method for prediction of powder segregation in metal injection molding
Authors: Cheng Zhiqiang , Barriere Thierry , Liu Baosheng , Gelin Jean‐Claude 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThe design of the mold and the choice of the injection parameters for metal injection molding (MIM) is required to maintain homogeneity of the filled mixture. However, powder segregation is unavoidable in MIM because of the significant difference in densities of the metallic powder and the polymer binder. To achieve an effective prediction of segregation effect, a biphasic model based on mixture theory is employed. The viscous behaviors of each phase and the interaction coefficient between the flows of the two phases should be determined. The solution of two coupled Navier–Stokes equations results in a tremendous computation effort. The previous development of an explicit algorithm makes the biphasic simulation much faster than that of the classic methods. However, it is strongly desired to reduce or even eliminate the numerous global solutions for pressure fields at each time step. Hence, a new vectorial algorithm is proposed and developed to perform the simulation only by vectorial operations. It provides the anticipated efficiency in the simulation of biphasic modeling, and the advantage to use the classic elements of equal‐order interpolations. Some results produced by the two algorithms are compared with the experimental values to validate the new vectorial algorithm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐vivo Tumor detection using diffusion reflection measurements of targeted gold nanorods – a quantitative study
Authors: Ankri Rinat , Duadi Hamootal , Motiei Menachem , Fixler Dror 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe ability to quantitatively and non‐invasively detect nanoparticles has important implications on their development as an in‐vivo cancer diagnostic tool. The Diffusion Reflection (DR) method is a simple, non‐invasive imaging technique which has been proven useful for the investigation of tissue's optical parameters. In this study, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, tissue‐like phantom experiments and in‐vivo measurements of the reflected light intensity from tumor bearing mice are presented. Following intravenous injection of antibody conjugated poly (ethylene glycol)‐coated (PEGylated) gold nanorods (GNR) to tumor‐bearing mice, accumulation of GNR in the tumor was clearly detected by the DR profile of the tumor. The ability of DR measurements to quantitate in‐vivo the concentration of the GNR in the tumor was demonstrated and validated with Flame Atomic Absorption spectroscopy results. With GNR as absorbing contrast agents, DR has important potential applications in the image guided therapy of superficial tumors such as head and neck cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of turbulent flow on the corrosion inhibition properties of 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole
Authors: Olvera‐Martinez M. E. , Mendoza‐Flores J. , Rodriguez‐Gomez F. J. , Palomar‐Pardave M. E. , Genesca J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe electrochemical techniques, that is, polarization resistance (Rp) and potentiodynamic polarization curves, were used in order to determine the effect of turbulent flow on the corrosion inhibiting effect of 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole (2‐MBI) on API 5L X52 grade steel samples immersed in a 3% NaCl aqueous solution saturated with CO2 at 60 °C. Turbulent flow conditions were controlled using a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE). An inhibition efficiency of 98% was measured at a concentration of 10 ppm of 2‐MBI at a rotation rate of 5000 rpm. This efficiency value is similar to those efficiency values measured at 25 and 40 ppm 2‐MBI and at the same rotation rate. These observations suggest that as the turbulent flow conditions increase the corrosion inhibiting effect of 2‐MBI is enhanced. 2‐MBI follows a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The calculated values of adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads) and adsorption free energy ($\Delta G_{{\rm ads}}^{{\rm o}} $) suggest that the adsorption process taking place is chemical. The polarization curves indicate that the 2‐MBI does not modify the electrochemical mechanism of the anodic (Fe dissolution) and cathodic (hydrogen evolution) reactions. It is suggested that 2‐MBI decreases the rate at which these reactions occur, blocking the active sites on the steel surface.
The synergistic effect of Na3PO4 and benzotriazole on the inhibition of copper corrosion in tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide aerated aqueous solution
Authors: Liu S. , Dong J. , Guan W. W. , Duan J. M. , Jiang R. Y. , Feng Z. P. , Song W. J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe effect of Na3PO4 and the mixture of benzotriazole (BTA) and Na3PO4 (SP) on the corrosion of copper in 17 wt% (0.534 mol/L) tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide (TBAB) aerated aqueous solution has been investigated by means of weight‐loss test, potentiodynamic polarization test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray techniques. The experimental results showed that a dosage of Na3PO4 stimulated the copper corrosion, and the corrosion rate increased with increasing Na3PO4 concentration, whereas the mixture of BTA and Na3PO4 could protect copper in aqueous TBAB solution. The inhibition action of the mixture of BTA and Na3PO4 on the corrosion of copper is mainly due to the inhibition of the anodic process of corrosion. The inhibition efficiency of a mixture consisting of 2 g/L BTA and 1 g/L Na3PO4 was about 96%. The mixture of BTA and Na3PO4 inhibits the corrosion of copper better than BTA by itself, indicating that Na3PO4 has a synergistic role with BTA on the corrosion inhibition of copper in TBAB aqueous solution.
Corrosion behavior of wrought Mg–6%Zn–1%Mn–XSi–YCa alloy
Authors: Ben‐Hamu G. , Eliezer D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDifferent quantities of silicon and calcium were added to Mg–6%Zn–1%Mn alloy and its effect on corrosion behavior investigated. AC and DC polarization were carried out on the extruded rods, which contain different quantities of silicon and calcium. The phases present in the alloys have been identified by optical microscopy and TEM. Four different phases were found, i.e., intermetallics containing Si–Mn, Mg–Si, Mg–Zn, and Mg–Si–Ca phase. The corrosion behavior of the studied alloys were influenced by the amount and distribution of the second phases.
Modeling steel corrosion under supercritical CO2 conditions
Authors: Zhang Y. , Gao K. , Schmitt G. , Hausler R. H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCorrosion in the presence of CO2 was studied under supercritical conditions (high pressure and moderate temperature) using different carbon steels and various corrosion resistant alloys (CRA's). An objective of this work was, among others, to put the results in perspective relative to various CO2 corrosion models that have been developed and published over the years. In particular, the NORSOK, FREECORP, and OLI models were used for comparison, while others were discussed as well. The systems investigated were (a) supercritical CO2 (SC CO2) saturated with water (no separate water phase), (b) a water mist phase in equilibrium with SC CO2, (c) a water/brine phase in equilibrium with SC CO2. It was found that the OLI model best simulates the experimental corrosion rates observed in system (c) where coupons were corroded in the aqueous phase at high velocities in the rotating cage. The varying susceptibility of different carbon steels to corrosion under these conditions is highlighted. CRA steels are comparatively more resistant.
Impact of Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Global and Regional Measures of Oxygenation
Authors: Roberson Russell S. , Bennett‐Guerrero Elliott 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAnemia is common in critically ill patients. Although the goal of transfusion of red blood cells is to increase oxygen‐carrying capacity, there are contradictory results about whether red blood cell transfusion to treat moderate anemia (eg, hemoglobin 7–10 g/dL) improves tissue oxygenation or changes outcomes. Whereas increasing levels of anemia eventually lead to a level of critical oxygen delivery, increased cardiac output and oxygen extraction are homeostatic mechanisms the body uses to prevent a state of dysoxia in the setting of diminished oxygen delivery due to anemia. In order for cardiac output to increase in the face of anemia, normovolemia must be maintained. Transfusion of red blood cells increases blood viscosity, which may actually decrease cardiac output (barring a state of hypovolemia prior to transfusion). Studies have generally shown that transfusion of red blood cells fails to increase oxygen uptake unless oxygen uptake/oxygen delivery dependency exists (eg, severe anemia or strenuous exercise). Recently, near‐infrared spectroscopy, which approximates the hemoglobin saturation of venous blood, has been used to investigate whether transfusion of red blood cells increases tissue oxygenation in regional tissue beds (eg, brain, peripheral skeletal muscle). These studies have generally shown increases in near‐infrared spectroscopy derived measurements of tissue oxygenation following transfusion. Studies evaluating the effect of transfusion on the microcirculation have shown that transfusion increases the functional capillary density. This article will review fundamental aspects of oxygen delivery and extraction, and the effects of red blood cell transfusion on tissue oxygenation as well as the microcirculation. Mt Sinai J Med 79:66–74, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
From Bloodless Surgery to Patient Blood Management
Authors: Shander Aryeh , Javidroozi Mazyar , Perelman Seth , Puzio Thomas , Lobel Gregg 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSafety and efficacy concerns of allogeneic blood transfusions and their impact on patient outcomes and associated staggering costs and restricted supply have fueled the quest for other modalities and strategies to reduce use of blood components. Patient blood management focuses on multidisciplinary and multimodal preventive measures to reduce or obviate the need for transfusions and ultimately to improve the clinical outcomes of patients. Patient blood management strategies can be applied at every stage of care to surgical and nonsurgical patients, and they generally fall under one of these three categories (the so‐called pillars of blood management): optimizing hematopoiesis and appropriate management of anemia, minimizing bleeding and blood loss, and harnessing and optimizing physiological tolerance of anemia through employing all available modalities while treatment is initiated. Several tools and modalities are available to address each of these pillars. Examples include hematinic agents, systemic and topical hemostatic agents, autotransfusion, and blood‐sparing perfusion and surgical techniques. Additionally, changes in practice of clinicians (eg, adherence to restrictive, evidence‐based transfusion strategies with emphasis on physiologic indications for transfusion, minimization of iatrogenic blood loss, and adequate planning) play an important role in patient blood management. Emerging evidence supports that appropriate use of these strategies as part of a multimodal program is a safe and effective way of reducing allogeneic transfusions and improving patient outcomes. Mt Sinai J Med 79:56–65, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Utilizing a handheld electrode array for localized muscle impedance measurements
Authors: Narayanaswami Pushpa , Spieker Andrew J. , Mongiovi Phillip , Keel John C. , Muzin Stefan C. , Rutkove Seward B. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractINTRODUCTION:Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a noninvasive technique used for assessment of muscle health in which a high‐frequency, low‐amplitude electric current is applied to the skin overlying a muscle, and the resulting surface voltage is measured. We have previously used adhesive electrodes, application of which is inconvenient. We present data using a handheld electrode array (HEA) that we devised to expedite the EIM procedure in a clinical setting.Methods:Thirty‐four healthy volunteers and 24 radiculopathy subjects underwent EIM testing using the HEA and adhesive electrodes.Results:The HEA was shown to have good test–retest reproducibility, with intraclass correlation coefficients as high as 0.99. HEA data correlated strongly with data from adhesive electrodes, ρ = 0.85 in healthy volunteers (P < 0.001) and ρ = 0.75 in radiculopathy subjects (P < 0.001).Conclusions:These data support the potential use of a handheld array for performing rapid localized surface impedance measurements. Muscle Nerve 46: 257–263, 2012
Haploidentical stem cell transplantation for children with high‐risk leukemia
Authors: Palma Julia , Salas Lucia , Carrión Flavio , Sotomayor Cristián , Catalán Paula , Paris Claudia , Turner Victoria , Jorquera Hugo , Handgretinger Rupert , Rivera Gastón K 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe Chilean population is ethnically diverse, and more than 50% of children referred for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) lack a suitable donor.ProcedureTo expand the donor pool, we assessed the feasibility, tolerance, and efficacy of using a haploidentical (HI) donor and a reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen for high‐risk pediatric leukemia. This study was facilitated by technology transfer from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital over the 2 preceding years.ResultsBetween March 2006 and April 2009, 10 patients (median age, 9.8 years) received T cell‐depleted grafts at Calvo Mackenna Hospital in Santiago. Median cell doses were CD34+: 7.45 × 106/kg (range, 4.00–20.20 × 106/kg); CD3+: 0.88 × 105/kg (0.11–1.35 × 105/kg); and CD56+: 71.30 × 106/kg (31.50–131.80 × 106/kg). Nine patients experienced complete engraftment; six of the nine remain alive and clinically well 13–50 months post‐HSCT. Three patients died after bone marrow relapse, while only one died of transplant‐related causes. Virus reactivation was the main post‐transplant complication: 5/10 had positive CMV PCR but none had CMV disease. One patient developed acute GvHD > grade II and only one had chronic GvHD.ConclusionsHI‐HSCT is feasible in our setting, offers a rational treatment option, and expands the donor pool significantly for children with high‐risk leukemia in a developing country. This information is especially relevant to other ethnically diverse populations that are poorly represented in international donor registries. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 895–901. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.