bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terbinafine (250 mg/day): an effective and safe treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis
Authors: Francesconi G , Valle AC , Passos S , Reis R , Galhardo MC 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground  There are a few studies on the treatment of sporotrichosis. The standard drug used is itraconazole. However, the use of itraconazole is limited by its interaction with other drugs.Objective  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 250 mg terbinafine for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis in patients in whom itraconazole use is not possible.Methods  We performed a descriptive study of cutaneous sporotrichosis cases treated with 250 mg terbinafine for which itraconazole was contraindicated or resulted in severe or moderate pharmacological interactions. Sporotrichosis was diagnosed based on the isolation of S. schenckii.Results  Fifty patients seen between July 2005 and September 2007 were included. Forty‐five (92%) patients reported contact with a sick cat and 47 (94%) presented comorbidities (high blood pressure: 64.0%; diabetes mellitus: 30.0%; dyslipidemia: 16.7%; depression: 10.0%; migraine: 2.1%; Parkinsonís disease: 2.1%; peptic ulcer disease: 2.1%; heart failure: 2.1%, and arrhythmia: 2.1%). All patients used some medication interacting with itraconazole (psycholeptics: 36.0%; antidiabetic agents: 28.0%; hypolipemiant agents: 18.0%; calcium‐channel blockers: 16.0%; anticonvulsants: 8.0%; cardiotropic drugs: 6.3%; antacids: 6.3%, and antiparkinsonian agent: 2.1%). Most patients (96%) were cured within a mean period of 14 weeks. The drug was discontinued due to a skin rash in one patient. There were no cases of recurrence of the mycosis within a mean follow‐up period of 37 weeks.Conclusions  This study suggests that 250 mg/day terbinafine is an effective and well‐tolerated alternative to drug therapy of cutaneous sporotrichosis in a population in which itraconazole use is not possible.
Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: a 15‐year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes
Authors: Shankman Stewart A. , Lewinsohn Peter M. , Klein Daniel N. , Small Jason W. , Seeley John R. , Altman Sarah E. 
Published: July 2009

Background:  There has been increasing interest in the distinction between subthreshold and full syndrome disorders and specifically whether subthreshold conditions escalate or predict the onset of full syndrome disorders over time. Most of these studies, however, examined whether a single subthreshold condition escalates into the full syndrome form of that disorder. Equally important, though, is whether subthreshold conditions are likely to develop other full syndrome disorders and whether these associations are maintained after adjusting for comorbidity.Methods:  A 15‐year longitudinal study of subthreshold psychiatric conditions was conducted with 1,505 community‐drawn young adults. We examined whether 1) subthreshold major depression, bipolar, anxiety disorders, alcohol use, substance use, conduct disorder and/or ADHD were precursors for the corresponding (homotypic) full syndrome disorder; 2) subthreshold conditions were precursors for other (heterotypic) full syndrome disorders; and 3) these homotypic and heterotypic precursors persisted after adjusting for comorbidity.Results:  Subthreshold major depression, anxiety, alcohol use, substance use, and conduct all escalated into their corresponding full syndrome and nearly all homotypic developments were maintained after adjusting for comorbid subthreshold and full syndrome conditions. Many heterotypic associations were also observed and most remained after controlling for comorbidity, particularly among externalizing disorders (e.g., alcohol, substance, conduct/antisocial personality disorder).Conclusions:  Many subthreshold conditions have predictive validity as they may represent precursors for full syndrome disorders. Alternatively, dimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology which include these more minor conditions may yield greater validity. Subthreshold conditions may represent good targets for preventive interventions.
Childhood problem behaviors and injury risk over the life course
Authors: Jokela Markus , Power Chris , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Childhood externalizing and internalizing behaviors have been associated with injury risk in childhood and adolescence, but it is unknown whether this association continues to hold in adulthood. We examined whether externalizing and internalizing behaviors expressed in childhood predict injuries in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.Methods:  The participants were from the 1958 British birth cohort (n = 11,537). Problem behaviors were assessed by teachers at ages 7 and 11. Injuries were reported by the participants’ parents (at ages 7, 11, 16) and by the participants (at ages 23, 33, 42, and 46). Data on injury severity were available at ages 23 and 33, and on types of injuries at ages 23, 33, and 42. Measures of childhood family environment included father’s social class, family size, and family difficulties. Adult psychological distress, treated as a potential mediating factor, was assessed at ages 23, 33, and 42.Results:  Externalizing behavior predicted increased injury risk: one SD increase in externalizing score was associated with 10–19% increase in the rate of injuries in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. In contrast, internalizing behavior decreased injury rate by 3–9% in adolescence and adulthood. Externalizing behavior was associated with various types of injuries, including injuries in traffic, at home, at work, and from violent assaults, while internalizing behavior predicted decreased injury risk particularly in sports, in traffic, and at home. These associations were largely independent of childhood family environment and adult psychological distress.Conclusions:  The findings suggest that childhood problem behaviors predict injury risk over the life course from childhood to midlife, with externalizing behaviors increasing and internalizing behaviors decreasing this risk.
Prediction of peak oxygen uptake from sub‐maximal ratings of perceived exertion elicited during a graded exercise test in obese women
Authors: Coquart Jeremy B. J. , Lemaire Christine , Dubart Alain‐Eric , Douillard Claire , Luttenbacher David‐Pol , Wibaux Frederique , Garcin Murielle 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe purpose was to assess the validity of predicting peak oxygen uptake from Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE)≤15, during a graded exercise test (GXT), in obese women. Forty‐three obese women performed GXT to volitional exhaustion. During GXT, oxygen uptake and RPE were measured. Individual linear regressions between and RPE≤15 were extrapolated to RPE 20 in order to predict . Actual and predicted were not significantly different (13.9±3.0 vs 14.2±3.3 ml kg−1 min−1, respectively; p=.26). The Pearson product moment correlation between actual and predicted was high (r=0.82). The 95% limits of agreement analysis on these values (bias±1.96SD) was −0.3±3.7 ml kg−1 min−1. Results suggested that RPE≤15 elicited during a sub‐maximal GXT provides accurate prediction. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform GXT to voluntary exhaustion to determine in obese women.
Preparing hearts and minds: Cardiac slowing and a cortical inhibitory network
Authors: Jennings J. R. , Van Der Molen M.W. , Tanase C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPreparing for a cued, speeded response induces a set of physiological changes. A review of the psychophysiology of preparation suggested that inhibition of action was an important process among the constellation of changes constituting attentive preparation. The current experiment combined event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac inter‐beat interval measures in an experiment that compared preparing for a response, watching stimuli without responding, and responding in the absence of preparation. Ten college‐aged participants were tested in an initial psychophysiological experiment followed by two scanning sessions during which reverse spiral imaging was performed concurrent with inter‐beat interval measurement. Two analytic approaches were used to confirm blood oxygenation level dependent responses during preparation, and these converged to show inferior prefrontal and related subthalamic nuclei activity in the context of other known changes related to brain attentional networks. Subthalamic nuclei changes were related to the depth of preparatory cardiac deceleration. This pattern of findings suggests that preparation involves the activation of a complex inhibitory neural network implicating brain and autonomic nervous systems.
Atlastin‐1, the dynamin‐like GTPase responsible for spastic paraplegia SPG3A, remodels lipid membranes and may form tubules and vesicles in the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Muriel Marie‐Paule , Dauphin Aurélien , Namekawa Michito , Gervais Annie , Brice Alexis , Ruberg Merle 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe examined the effects of wild‐type and mutant atlastin‐1 on vesicle transport in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐Golgi interface and vesicle budding from ER‐derived microsomes using the temperature‐sensitive reporter vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV‐G), and the ability of purified atlastin‐1 to form tubules or vesicles from protein‐free phosphatidylserine liposomes. A GTPase domain mutation (T162P) altered the cellular distribution of the ER, but none of the mutations studied significantly affected transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. The mutations also had no significant effect on the incorporation of VSV‐G into vesicles formed from ER microsomes. Atlastin‐1, however, was also incorporated into microsome‐derived vesicles, suggesting that it might be implicated in vesicle formation. Purified atlastin‐1 transformed phosphatidylserine liposomes into branched tubules and polygonal networks of tubules and vesicles, an action inhibited by GDP and the synthetic dynamin inhibitor dynasore. The GTPase mutations T162P and R217C decreased but did not totally prevent this action; the C‐terminal transmembrane domain mutation R495W was as active as the wild‐type enzyme. Similar effects were observed in human embryonic kidney cells over‐expressing mutant atlastin‐1. We concluded that atlastin‐1, like dynamin, might be implicated in membrane tubulation and vesiculation and participated in the formation as well as the function of the ER.
Dimerization of tyrosine phosphatase PTPRO decreases its activity and ability to inactivate TrkC
Authors: Hower Amy E. , Beltran Pedro J. , Bixby John L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractReceptor‐protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), like receptor tyrosine kinases, regulate neuronal differentiation. While receptor tyrosine kinases are dimerized and activated by extracellular ligands, the extent to which RPTPs dimerize, and the effects of dimerization on phosphatase activity, are poorly understood. We have examined a neuronal type III RPTP, PTPRO; we find that PTPRO can form dimers in living cells, and that disulfide linkages in PTPROs intracellular domain likely regulate dimerization. Dimerization of PTPROs transmembrane and intracellular domains, achieved by ligand binding to a chimeric fusion protein, decreases activity toward artificial peptides and toward a putative substrate, tropomyosin‐related kinase C (TrkC). Dephosphorylation of TrkC by PTPRO may be physiologically relevant, as it is efficient, and TrkC and PTPRO can be co‐precipitated from transfected cells. Inhibition of PTPROs phosphatase activity by dimerization is interesting, as dimerization of a related RPTP, CD148/PTPRJ, increases activity. Thus, our results suggest a complex relationship between dimerization and activity in type III RPTPs.
Life Events, Chronic Stressors, and Depressive Symptoms in Low‐Income Urban Mothers With Asthmatic Children
Authors: Kub Joan , Jennings Jacky M. , Donithan Michele , Walker Jennifer M. , Land Cassia Lewis , Butz Arlene 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT
Objective: This secondary data analysis study examines the relationship between maternal sociodemographic variables, life events, chronic stressors, including asthma control and management and environmental stressors, and maternal depression.Design: Cross‐sectional descriptive design study consisting of baseline data from participants enrolled in a randomized asthma communication educational intervention trial.Sample: 201 mothers of children with asthma (ages 6–12), recruited from community pediatric practices and emergency departments of 2 urban university hospitals.Measurement: Life events were measured using standardized items. Chronic stressors were measured using items from the International Asthma and Allergies in Childhood study and maternal and child exposure to violence. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression scale.Results: Close to 25% of the mothers had high depressive symptoms. In separate multiple logistic regression models, education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.07, 6.39) or unemployment (AOR=2.38; 95% CI=1.16, 4.90) and the use of quick relief medications (AOR=2.74; 95% CI=1.33, 5.66) for asthma were positively associated with depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Implications include the need to assess maternal depressive symptoms of mothers of children with asthma, in order to improve asthma management for low‐income urban children.
Alcohol Abuse Enhances Pulmonary Edema in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Berkowitz David M. , Danai Pajman A. , Eaton Stephanie , Moss Marc , Martin Greg S. 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Pulmonary edema is a cardinal feature of the life‐threatening condition known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients with chronic alcohol abuse are known to be at increased risk of developing and dying from ARDS. Based upon preclinical data, we hypothesized that a history of chronic alcohol abuse in ARDS patients is associated with greater quantities and slower resolution of pulmonary edema compared with ARDS patients without a history of alcohol abuse.Methods:  A PiCCO™ transpulmonary thermodilution catheter was inserted into 35 patients within 72 hours of meeting American European Consensus Criteria definition of ARDS. Pulmonary edema was quantified as extravascular lung water (EVLW) and measured for up to 7 days in 13 patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse and 22 patients without a history of chronic alcohol abuse.Results:  Mean EVLW was higher in patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse (16.6 vs. 10.5 ml/kg, p < 0.0001). Patients with alcohol abuse had significantly greater EVLW over the duration of the study (RM‐ANOVA p = 0.003). There was a trend towards slower resolution of EVLW in patients with a history of alcohol abuse (a decrease of 0.5 ml/kg vs. 2.4 ml/kg, p = 0.17) over the study period. A history of alcohol abuse conferred a greater than 3‐fold increased risk of elevated EVLW [OR 3.16, (1.26 to 7.93)] using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusions:  In patients who develop ARDS, alcohol abuse is associated with greater levels EVLW and a trend towards slower resolution of EVLW. Combined with mechanistic and preclinical evidence linking chronic alcohol consumption and ARDS, targeted therapies should be developed for these patients.
Upregulation of Serotonin Transporter by Alcohol in Human Dendritic Cells: Possible Implication in Neuroimmune Deregulation
Authors: Babu Dakshayani Kadiyala , Diaz Alain , Samikkannu Thangavel , Rao Kurapati V. K. , Saiyed Zainulabedin M. , Rodriguez Jose W. , Nair Madhavan P.N. 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Alcohol is the most widely abused substance and its chronic consumption causes neurobehavioral disorders. It has been shown that alcohol affects the function of immune cells. Dendritic cells (DC) serve as the first line of defense against infections and are known to accumulate neurotransmitters such as 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT). The enzyme monoamine oxidase‐A (MAO‐A) degrades 5‐HT that is associated with clinical depression and other neurological disorders. 5‐HT is selectively transported into neurons through the serotonin transporter (SERT), which is a member of the sodium‐ and chloride‐dependent neurotransmitter transporter (SLC6) family. SERT also serves as a receptor for psychostimulant recreational drugs. It has been demonstrated that several drugs of abuse such as amphetamine and cocaine inhibit the SERT expression; however, the role of alcohol is yet to be elucidated. We hypothesize that alcohol can modulate SERT and MAO‐A expression in DC, leading to reciprocal downregulation of 5‐HT in extracellular medium.Methods:  Dendritic cells were treated with different concentrations (0.05% to 0.2%v/v) of alcohol for 24–72 hours and processed for SERT and MAO‐A expression using Q‐PCR and Western blots analysis. In addition, SERT function in DC treated with alcohol both in the presence and absence of imipramine, a SERT inhibitor was measured using 4‐[4‐(dimethylamino)styryl]‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide uptake assay. 5‐HT levels in culture supernatant and intracellular 5‐hydroxy indole acetic acid (5‐HIAA) and cyclic AMP were also quantitated using ELISA.Results:  Dendritic cells treated with 0.1% alcohol for 24 hours showed significant upregulation of SERT and MAO‐A expression compared with untreated DC. We also observed that 0.1% alcohol enhanced the function of SERT and decreased extracellular 5‐HT levels compared with untreated DC cultures, and this was associated with the elevation of intracellular 5‐HIAA and cyclic AMP levels.Conclusions:  Our study suggests that alcohol upregulates SERT and MAO‐A by elevating cyclic AMP, which may lead to decreased concentration of 5‐HT in the extracellular medium. As 5‐HT is a major neurotransmitter and an inflammatory mediator, its alcohol‐mediated depletion may cause both neurological and immunological deregulation.
The Canadian Prehospital Evidence‐based Protocols Project: Knowledge Translation in Emergency Medical Services Care
Authors: Jensen Jan L. , Petrie David A. , Travers Andrew H. ,   for the PEP Project Team
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives:  The principles of evidence‐based medicine are applicable to all areas and professionals in health care. The care provided by paramedics in the prehospital setting is no exception. The Prehospital Evidence‐based Protocols Project Online (PEP) is a repository of appraised research evidence that is applicable to interventions performed in the prehospital setting and is openly available online. This article describes the history, current status, and potential future of the project.Methods:  The primary objective of the PEP is to catalog and grade emergency medical services (EMS) studies with a level of evidence (LOE). Subsequently, each prehospital intervention is assigned a class of recommendation (COR) based on all the appraised articles on that intervention, in an effort to organize the evidence so it may be put into practice efficiently. An LOE is assigned to each article by the section editor, based on the study rigor and applicability to EMS. The section editor committee consists of EMS physicians and paramedics from across Canada, and two from Ireland and a paramedic coordinator. The evidence evaluation cycle is continuous; as the section editors send back appraisals, the coordinator updates the database and sends out another article for review.Results:  The database currently has 182 individual interventions organized under 103 protocols, with 933 citations.Conclusions:  This project directly meets recent recommendations to improve EMS by using evidence to support interventions and incorporating it into protocols. Organizing and grading the evidence allows medical directors and paramedics to incorporate research findings into their daily practice. As such, this project demonstrates how knowledge translation can be conducted in EMS.
Altered body composition in preterm infants at hospital discharge
Authors: Cooke Richard J , Griffin Ian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim:  To test the hypotheses that body size is reduced and body composition altered in preterm infants at hospital discharge.Methods:  Preterm infants (≤34 weeks gestation, ≤1750 g at birth) were enrolled. Body weight, length and head circumference were converted to standard deviation or z‐scores. Body composition was measured using dual emission X‐ray absorptiometry. The results were analysed using standard statistics.Results:  One hundred and forty‐nine infants (birth weight = 1406 ± 248 g, gestation = 31 ± 1.7 weeks) were studied. Postmenstrual age at discharge was 37 ± 1.2 weeks. Z‐scores for head circumference, weight and length differed (−0.1 ± 0.6 > −1.4 ± 0.6 > −1.9 ± 0.6; p < 0.0001). Global fat‐free mass was less in study infants than the reference infant at the same weight (2062 < 2252 g; p < 0.0001) or gestation (2062 < 2667 g; p < 0.0001). Global fat mass was greater in study infants than the reference infant at the same weight (307 > 198 g, 13 > 8%) or gestation (307 > 273 g; 13 > 9%; p < 0.0001). Changes in central fat mass closely paralleled those in global fat mass (r2 = 0.76, p < 0.0001).Conclusion:  Reduced linear growth and a reduced fat‐free mass suggest that dietary protein needs were not met before discharge. A reduced fat‐free mass coupled with an increased global and central fat mass echoes concerns about the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome X in these high‐risk infants.
Nephrocalcinosis in children: a retrospective multi‐centre study
Authors: Ammenti Anita , Pelizzoni Alessandra , Cecconi Milvia , Molinari Pier Paolo , Montini Giovanni 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim:  To review the data of children with NC and to analyse aetiology, clinical manifestations, growth and renal function at presentation; to relate growth and renal function to changes in NC in patients with a follow‐up of at least 12 months.Methods:  Data of 41 children from four institutions were gathered retrospectively.Results:  Presenting symptoms were failure to thrive in the first year of life (41%), urinary tract infections, bladder voiding dysfunction or abdominal pain (17%) and psychomotor delay (10%). In 24% of cases NC was detected incidentally. Glomerular function at diagnosis was normal in 83% of children. During a median follow‐up of 4 yrs and 5 months in 28 patients, growth standard deviation score improved from a median of −2.2 to −1.0 and glomerular function remained stable in 89% of patients, in spite of worsening of the degree of NC in 62% of cases. The most frequent causes of NC were hereditary tubulopathies and vitamin D intoxication.Conclusion:  Our results show that the treatment of the underlying conditions is associated with catch‐up growth and stabilization of glomerular function in many children, but not with the reduction in the degree of NC in the majority of cases. We believe that early recognition of conditions leading to NC is clinically useful and suggest a diagnostic flowchart, which may be helpful in the approach to NC.
Orexins/hypocretins and aminergic systems
Authors: Eriksson K. S. , Sergeeva O. A. , Haas H. L. , Selbach O. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOrexin/hypocretin neurones in the posterior hypothalamus are mutually connected with noradrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, and cholinergic neurone systems. They activate these targets by direct post‐synaptic and indirect pre‐synaptic mechanisms and in turn receive inhibitory feedback and excitatory feed forward control. With respect to behavioural state control, orexin/hypocretin neurones are conducting the orchestra of biogenic amines. This review highlights the role of these players in the control of energy administration, sleep–wake architecture, cortical activation, plasticity, and memory functions in health and disease.