bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal and magnetic structures of the complex perovskites LaCu3(Mn4–x
Fe
x
)O12 with colossal magnetoresistance
Authors: Sanchez-Benitez Javier , Retuerto María , Martinez-Lope Maria Jesus , de la Calle Cristina , Fernández-Díaz Maria Teresa , Alonso José Antonio 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We have studied the series of nominal composition LaCu3(Mn4–x
Fe
x
)O12 (x = 0.5, 1) where Mn is replaced by Fe cations in the ferrimagnetic perovskite LaCu3Mn4O12. These materials have been synthesized in polycrystalline form under moderate pressure conditions of 2 GPa, in the presence of KClO4 as oxidizing agent. All the samples have been studied by neutron powder diffraction (NPD) at room temperature (RT) in order to study the crystal structure. The sample with nominal x = 1 has also been studied by NPD at low temperature to determine its magnetic structure. These oxides crystallize in the cubic space group Im-3 (No. 204) with general formula A'A3B4O12 and contain La3+ and (Cu2+, Mn3+) at the A sublattice of the perovskite, in a 1 : 3 ordered arrangement. NPD suggests that Mn4+/Mn3+ and Fe3+ occupy at random the octahedral B positions of the perovskite structure. The materials have also been characterized by magnetic and magnetotransport measurements. All the samples are ferrimagnetic and show a progressive decrease of T
C as the Fe content increases. The replacement of Mn3+ cations by Fe3+ at the octahedral sublattice give rise to a decrease of T
C since the Fe ions disturb the ferromagnetic interactions within this magnetic sublattice. The introduction of Fe changes the resistivity response from metallic to a semiconductor behavior. However, the magnetoresistance remains unchanged upon Fe doping and a sharp low-field response is observed below T
C.
An investigation of the polytypical structure of Sr0.2Ba0.8CoO3–δ
by neutron powder diffraction
Authors: de la Calle Cristina , Alonso José Antonio , Aguadero Ainara , Fernández-Díaz Maria Teresa , Porcher Florence 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The preparation and characterization of two polymorphs of the title composition are described. One hexagonal perovskite, labeled as “H”, was synthesized by thermal treatment of reactive citrate precursor at 900 °C in high oxygen pressure (20 MPa) followed by slow cooling (10 °C/min) to room temperature. This 1D-structure displays a P63/mmc hexagonal space group with a thermal expansion of 13 × 10–6 K–1 between 100 and 900 °C. On the other hand, for the first time in such a Ba-rich composition, a highly oxygen-defective perovskite oxide cubic polymorph, labeled as “C”, was obtained from the citrate precursor heated in air and quenched in liquid N2 from 1000 °C and completely characterized. Neutron powder diffraction evidence that the obtained “C” phase posses a cubic Pm-3m space group and antiferromagnetic order at room temperature. The material can be formulated as Sr0.2Ba0.8CoO2.27(1) where the high number of oxygen vacancies are random distributed with large thermal factors of 3.6 Å2 suggesting a considerable mobility.
The evolution of the crystal structure of the 3C phase has been explored in situ by XRD thermo-diffractometry in complement with thermal analysis and thermal expansion. At approx.500 °C this phase irreversibly transforms to a hexagonal “H” phase and at 925 °C a new cubic perovskite “C” is identified, which is transformed again, upon cooling, into the “H” phase at 840 °C.
Technology Uncertainty and Market Collusion
Authors: Labrecciosa Paola , Colombo Luca 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In this paper, we propose technology uncertainty as a new factor relevant to market collusion. We analyze an infinitely repeated quantity game where, for each firm, the marginal productivity of the input employed in the production process is affected by an unobservable shock. Each firm faces technology uncertainty, measured by the variance of the shocks, in every period. We show that, under both grim trigger strategies and optimal punishments, technology uncertainty enhances cartel stability, suggesting that, in industries characterized by technology uncertainty, the actions of the antitrust authorities should be intensified. We also show that collusion is less likely when technology shocks are highly correlated, implying that regulators interested in deterring collusion should promote the formation of industrial clusters.
Local Non-Esterified Fatty Acids Correlate With Inflammation in Atheroma Plaques of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mas Sebastián , Martínez-Pinna Roxana , Martín-Ventura Jose Luis , Pérez Raul , Gomez-Garre Dulcenombre , Ortiz Alberto , Fernandez-Cruz Arturo , Vivanco Fernando , Egido Jesús 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVEAtherosclerosis is prevalent in diabetic patients, but there is little information on the localization of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) within the plaque and their relationship with inflammation. We sought to characterize the NEFA composition and location in human diabetic atheroma plaques by metabolomic analysis and imaging and to address their relationship with inflammation activity.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSTime-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was used for metabolomic analysis imaging of frozen carotid atheroma plaques. Carotid endarterectomy specimens were used for conventional immunohistochemistry, laser-capture microdissection quantitative PCR, and in situ Southwestern hybridization. Biological actions of linoleic acid were studied in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).RESULTSTOF-SIMS imaging evidenced a significant increase in the quantity of several NEFA in diabetic versus nondiabetic atheroma plaques. Higher levels of NEFA were also found in diabetic sera. The presence of LPL mRNA in NEFA-rich areas of the atheroma plaque, as well as the lack of correlation between serum and plaque NEFA, suggests a local origin for plaque NEFA. The pattern of distribution of plaque NEFA is similar to that of MCP-1, LPL, and activated NF-κB. Diabetic endarterectomy specimens showed higher numbers of infiltrating macrophages and T-lymphocytes—a finding that associated with higher NEFA levels. Finally, linoleic acid activates NF-κB and upregulates NF-κB–mediated LPL and MCP-1 expression in cultured VSMC.DISCUSSIONThere is an increased presence of NEFA in diabetic plaque neointima. NEFA levels are higher in diabetic atheroma plaques than in nondiabetic subjects. We hypothesize that NEFA may be produced locally and contribute to local inflammation.
High-Mobility Group Box-1 Protein Promotes Angiogenesis After Peripheral Ischemia in Diabetic Mice Through a VEGF-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Biscetti Federico , Straface Giuseppe , De Cristofaro Raimondo , Lancellotti Stefano , Rizzo Paola , Arena Vincenzo , Stigliano Egidio , Pecorini Giovanni , Egashira Kensuke , De Angelis Giulia , Ghirlanda Giovanni , Flex Andrea 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein is a nuclear DNA-binding protein released from necrotic cells, inducing inflammatory responses and promoting tissue repair and angiogenesis. Diabetic human and mouse tissues contain lower levels of HMGB1 than their normoglycemic counterparts. Deficient angiogenesis after ischemia contributes to worse outcomes of peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes. To test the hypothesis that HMGB1 enhances ischemia-induced angiogenesis in diabetes, we administered HMGB1 protein in a mouse hind limb ischemia model using diabetic mice.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
After the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin, we studied ischemia-induced neovascularization in the ischemic hind limb of normoglycemic, diabetic, and HMGB1-treated diabetic mice.

RESULTS
We found that the perfusion recovery was significantly attenuated in diabetic mice compared with normoglycemic control mice. Interestingly, HMGB1 protein expression was lower in the ischemic tissue of diabetic mice than in normoglycemic mice. Furthermore, we observed that HMGB1 administration restored the blood flow recovery and capillary density in the ischemic muscle of diabetic mice, that this process was associated with the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and that HMGB1-induced angiogenesis was significantly reduced by inhibiting VEGF activity.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study show that endogenous HMGB1 is crucial for ischemia-induced angiogenesis in diabetic mice and that HMGB1 protein administration enhances collateral blood flow in the ischemic hind limbs of diabetic mice through a VEGF-dependent mechanism.
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1α Overexpression Increases Lipid Oxidation in Myocytes From Extremely Obese Individuals
Authors: Consitt Leslie A. , Bell Jill A. , Koves Timothy R. , Muoio Deborah M. , Hulver Matthew W. , Haynie Kimberly R. , Dohm G. Lynis , Houmard Joseph A. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the obesity-related decrement in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in primary human skeletal muscle cells (HSkMC) is linked with lower mitochondrial content and whether this deficit could be corrected via overexpression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
FAO was studied in HSkMC from lean (BMI 22.4 ± 0.9 kg/m2; N = 12) and extremely obese (45.3 ± 1.4 kg/m2; N = 9) subjects. Recombinant adenovirus was used to increase HSkMC PGC-1α expression (3.5- and 8.0-fold), followed by assessment of mitochondrial content (mtDNA and cytochrome C oxidase IV [COXIV]), complete (14CO2 production from labeled oleate), and incomplete (acid soluble metabolites [ASM]) FAO, and glycerolipid synthesis.

RESULTS
Obesity was associated with a 30% decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in complete FAO, which was accompanied by higher relative rates of incomplete FAO ([14C]ASM production/14CO2), increased partitioning of fatty acid toward storage, and lower (P &lt; 0.05) mtDNA (−27%), COXIV (−35%), and mitochondrial transcription factor (mtTFA) (−43%) protein levels. PGC-1α overexpression increased (P &lt; 0.05) FAO, mtDNA, COXIV, mtTFA, and fatty acid incorporation into triacylglycerol in both lean and obese groups. Perturbations in FAO, triacylglycerol synthesis, mtDNA, COXIV, and mtTFA in obese compared with lean HSkMC persisted despite PGC-1α overexpression. When adjusted for mtDNA and COXIV content, FAO was equivalent between lean and obese groups.

CONCLUSION
Reduced mitochondrial content is related to impaired FAO in HSkMC derived from obese individuals. Increasing PGC-1α protein levels did not correct the obesity-related absolute reduction in FAO or mtDNA content, implicating mechanisms other than PGC-1α abundance.
Long-Term Outcomes of Diabetic Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia Followed in a Tertiary Referral Diabetic Foot Clinic
Authors: Uccioli Luigi , Gandini Roberto , Giurato Laura , Fabiano Sebastiano , Pampana Enrico , Spallone Vincenza , Vainieri Erika , Simonetti Giovanni 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
We describe the long-term outcomes of 510 diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) and an active foot ulcer or gangrene, seen at the University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, a tertiary care clinic.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
These patients were seen between November 2002 and November 2007 (mean follow-up 20 ± 13 months [range 1–66 months]). The Texas Wound Classification was used to grade these wounds that were either class C (ischemia) and D (ischemia+infection) and grade 2–3 (deep–very deep). This comprehensive treatment protocol includes rapid and extensive initial debridement, aggressive use of peripheral percutaneous angioplasty, empirical intravenous antibiotic therapy, and strict follow-up.

RESULTS
The protocol was totally applied (with percutaneous angioplasty [PA+]) in 456 (89.4%) patients and partially (without percutaneous angioplasty [PA−]) in 54 (10.6%) patients. Outcomes for the whole group and PA+ and PA− patients are, respectively: healing, n = 310 (60.8%), n = 284 (62.3%), and n = 26 (48.1%); major amputation, n = 80 (15.7%), n = 67 (14.7%), and n = 13 (24.1%); death, n = 83 (16.25%), n = 68 (14.9%), and n = 15 (27.8%); and nonhealing, n = 37 (7.25%), n = 37 (8.1%), and n = 0 (0%) (χ2 &lt;0.0009). Predicting variables at multivariate analysis were the following: for healing, ulcer dimension, infection, and ischemic heart disease; and for major amputation, ulcer dimension, number of minor amputations, and age. Additional predicting variables for PA+ patients were the following: for healing, transcutaneous oxygen tension [ΔTcPo2]; and for major amputation, basal TcPo2, basal A1C, ΔTcPo2, and percutaneous angioplasty technical failure.

CONCLUSIONS
Early diagnosis of CLI, aggressive treatment of infection, and extensive use of percutaneous angioplasty in ischemic affected ulcers offers improved outcome for many previously at-risk limbs. Ulcer size &gt;5 cm2 indicates a reduced chance of healing and increased risk of major amputation. It was thought that all ulcers warrant aggressive treatment including percutaneous angioplasty and that treatment should be considered even for small ischemic ulcers.
Testosterone Concentrations in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Obese Men
Authors: Dhindsa Sandeep , Miller Michael G. , McWhirter Cecilia L. , Mager Donald E. , Ghanim Husam , Chaudhuri Ajay , Dandona Paresh 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of subnormal testosterone concentrations in patients with obesity and with type 2 diabetes in a primary care clinic population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Free testosterone concentrations of 1,849 men (1,451 nondiabetic and 398 diabetic) in the Hypogonadism In Males (HIM) study were analyzed. The HIM study was a U.S.-based cross-sectional study designed to define the prevalence of hypogonadism in men aged &gt;45 years. Free testosterone was measured by equilibrium dialysis.

RESULTS
The prevalence of subnormal free testosterone concentrations in lean, overweight, and obese nondiabetic men was 26% (n = 275), 29% (n = 687), and 40% (n = 489), respectively (P &lt; 0.001 for trend), and 44% (n = 36), 44% (n = 135), and 50% (n = 227), respectively, in diabetic men (P = 0.46 for trend within group and P &lt; 0.05 compared with nondiabetic men). The mean free testosterone concentration of diabetic men was significantly lower than that of nondiabetic men. Free testosterone concentrations were negatively and significantly (P &lt; 0.001) related to age (r = −0.37), BMI (r = −0.18), and sex hormone–binding globulin (r = −0.11) in multiple regression analysis. The average decline of free testosterone concentrations was 7.8 pg/ml per decade in nondiabetic men and 8.4 pg/ml per decade in diabetic men.

CONCLUSIONS
Forty percent of obese nondiabetic men and 50% of obese diabetic men aged ≥45 years have subnormal free testosterone concentrations. In view of its high prevalence, obesity is probably the condition most frequently associated with subnormal free testosterone concentrations in males. The concomitant presence of diabetes is associated with an additional increase in the prevalence of subnormal free testosterone concentrations.
Improvement of Postprandial Endothelial Function After a Single Dose of Exenatide in Individuals With Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Koska Juraj , Schwartz Eric A. , Mullin Michael P. , Schwenke Dawn C. , Reaven Peter D. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Endothelial dysfunction is frequently present in individuals with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes and can be induced by high-fat or high-carbohydrate meals. Because exenatide reduces postprandial glucose and lipid excursions, we hypothesized that it may also improve postprandial endothelial function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a double-blinded randomized crossover design, postprandial endothelial function was examined in 28 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or recent-onset type 2 diabetes after a single injection of exenatide or placebo given just before a high-fat meal. Endothelial function was determined with peripheral arterial tonometry pre- and postprandially.

RESULTS
Postprandial endothelial function was higher after exenatide compared with placebo (P = 0.0002). In the placebo phase, postprandial change in endothelial function was inversely associated with mean postprandial concentrations of triglycerides (r = −0.62, P = 0.0004). Changes in postprandial triglyceride concentrations explained 64% of exenatide's effect on postprandial endothelial function.

CONCLUSIONS
Exenatide ameliorates postprandial endothelial dysfunction after a high-fat meal.
Educational Disparities in Mortality Among Adults With Diabetes in the U.S.
Authors: Dray-Spira Rosemary , Gary-Webb Tiffany L. , Brancati Frederick L. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
To measure relative and absolute educational disparities in mortality among U.S. adults with diabetes and to compare their magnitude with disparities observed within the nondiabetic population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 85,867 individuals (5,007 with diabetes), aged 35–84 years, who participated in the National Health Interview Survey from 1986 to 1996 were followed for mortality through 31 December 2002. Relative and absolute educational disparities in all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-CVD mortality were measured.

RESULTS
In relative terms, the risk of all-cause mortality was 28% higher in diabetic adults with the lowest versus the highest position on the educational scale (relative index of inequality 1.28 [95% CI 1.08–1.53]). This inverse relationship reflected marked disparities in CVD mortality and was found in all age, sex, and race/ethnicity groups except Hispanics. Although substantial, this relative educational gradient in mortality among adults with diabetes was smaller than in the nondiabetic population. In absolute terms, diabetic adults with the lowest position on the educational scale suffered 503 excess deaths per 10,000 person-years of follow-up compared with those with the highest position. These absolute disparities were stronger than in the nondiabetic population. The results were even more striking for CVD mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
The risk of mortality differs substantially according to educational level among individuals with diabetes in the U.S. Although relative educational disparities in mortality are weaker in adults with versus without diabetes, their absolute impact is greater and translates into a major mortality burden.
Subsurface structure and tectonic style of the NE Outer Carpathians (Poland) on the basis of integrated 2D interpretation of geological and geophysical images
Authors: Kuśmierek Jan 
Published: March 2010

Subsurface structure and tectonic style of the NE Outer Carpathians (Poland) on the basis of integrated 2D interpretation of geological and geophysical imagesIntegration of the information from surface and subsurface geological exploration (maps and well sections) and results of geological reinterpretation of more than ten archival seismic sections and several dozen magnetotelluric soundings (MT; published and archival) implies a new structural picture of the Carpathian tectogene, interpreted to depths exceeding 10 km. The tectonics of nappes and their basement is illustrated by four regional cross-sections (derived from geological and petroleum-exploration traverses) and examples of detailed interpretation of zones with complicated structure, as well as results of testing the initial structural models with application of the balanced cross-section method and gravimetric modelling. In the tectonics, a complicated system of overthrusts and detachments of sedimentary covers (from their heterogeneous basement) represents a predominant feature. It induced, within particular nappes and tectonically altered structural-facies units, specific systems of narrow folds with diversified geometries. Broad folds of the intermediate structural stage, which are gently sloping in the hinterland of the nappes, were interpreted on the basis of geophysics as paraautochthonous elements. They cover deep-seated faults with large throws, which obliquely or subvertically dip to the SW and were distinguished in the basement on the grounds of extreme contrasts at the resistivity boundaries. Zones of dramatically low resistivities, which separate blocks of the uplifted basement, were interpreted as tectonic sutures with geometry rebuilt in the stage of the Neogene lithosphere subduction. Therefore, the structural layout of the sedimentary cover is characterized by more gently dipping nappe overthrusts of the sequential type and secondary, out-of-sequence thrust slices, most frequently imbricate ones. The flysch covers resting over the tectonic sutures, particularly in margins of inherited structural depressions, are characterized by more diversified tectonic style in comparison with peripheral, gently-sloping covers thrust over the flexural platform slope, and with steep slices and imbricate thrusts having consequent NE vergence. A specific type of dislocation is represented by flat inversional detachments (seismically documented) which are accompanied by disharmonic folding of "thin-skinned" structural elements. In the eastern part of the foreland of the Dukla overthrust, they form a developed system of backthrusts on the slope of a triangular structure superposed on a "shallower" tectonic suture of the basement; the system replaces sets of fault-propagation folds developed in the eastern part of this zone.
Seven years' experience in laparoscopic dissection of intact ovarian dermoid cysts
Authors: KAVALLARIS ANDREAS , MYTAS SOTYRIS , CHALVATZAS NEKTARIOS , NIKOLETTOS NITROS , DIEDRICH KLAUS , BOHLMANN MICHAEL K , HORNEMANN AMADEUS 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA large case series on laparoscopic removal of dermoid cysts with a diameter between 3 and 12 cm, via an endobag, is reported (127 cysts in 121 premenopausal women). The incidence of spillage and recurrence rate of laparoscopic ovarian dermoid cystectomy, the duration of the surgical procedure, the length of hospitalization, the incidence of recurrence and pregnancies was evaluated. In 2.5% of cases, the endobag ruptured during removal, and a total spillage rate of 12% was seen. No signs or symptoms of peritonitis were observed regardless of cystic spillage or not. Laparoscopic cystectomy of dermoid cysts in premenopausal women is safe and effective and appears to be a valuable alternative to laparotomy. Controlled intraperitoneal spillage of cyst contents does not increase postoperative morbidity as long as an endobag is used and the peritoneal cavity is washed out thoroughly.
Iron deficiency anemia and iron stores in adult and adolescent women in pregnancy
Authors: SOARES NESTOR N. , MATTAR ROSIANE , CAMANO LUIS , TORLONI MARIA R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective. To determine whether primiparous adolescent pregnancy is associated with increased risk of iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency when compared with older primiparas. Design. Prospective cohort. Setting. Caratinga city, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Sample. A total of 183 women, being 61 adolescents and 122 adults. Methods. Five peripheral vein blood samples were collected from each participant, at 9–16 and 29–36 weeks, upon admission for delivery, within the first hour after delivery and 30–60 days post‐partum. We measured hemoglobin (Hb), transferrin saturation index and ferritin. Main outcome measures. Adolescent and adult women using chi‐squared test, Student's t‐test and hotelling test. Results. There were significant differences in Hb concentration during the various sampling periods, for the whole cohort. The prevalence of anemia (Hb < 11 g/dl) did not differ significantly between adults and adolescents. The decrease in the mean transferrin levels was more intense in adolescents than in adults, especially during the second half of pregnancy. Low ferritin levels (<12 μg/l) were more frequent in adolescents than in adults during pregnancy and throughout the study period. Conclusions. Although there were no significant differences in the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (Hb < 11 g/dl) in adolescents compared to adult women, low body iron stores and ferritin (< 12 μg/l) were significantly more frequent in adolescents.