bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperosmotic induction of aquaporin expression in rat astrocytes through a different MAPK pathway
Authors: Yang Mei , Gao Fei , Liu Hui , Yu Wei Hua , Zhuo Fei , Qiu Guo Ping , Ran Jian Hua , Sun Shan Quan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWater homeostasis of the nervous system is important during neural signal transduction. Astrocytes are crucial in water transport in the central nervous system under both physiological and pathological conditions. To date, five aquaporins (AQP) have been found in rat brain astrocytes. Most studies have focused on AQP4 and AQP9, however, little is known about the expression of AQP3, ‐5, and ‐8 as well as their regulating mechanism in astrocytes. The expression patterns of AQP3, ‐5, and ‐8 in astrocytes exposed to hyperosmotic solutions were examined to clarify the roles of AQP3, ‐5, and ‐8 in astrocyte water movement. The expression of AQP4 and AQP9 under the same hyperosmotic conditions was also investigated. The AQP4 and AQP9 expressions continuously increased until 12 h after hyperosmotic solution exposure, whereas the AQP3, ‐5, and ‐8 expressions continued to increase until 6 h after hyperosmotic solution exposure. The different AQPs decreased at corresponding time points (24 h for AQP4 andAQP9; 12 h for AQP3, ‐5, and ‐8 after hyperosmotic solution exposure). The ERK inhibitor can attenuate the expression of AQP3, ‐5, and ‐8 after hyperosmotic solution exposure. The p38 inhibitor can inhibit the AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in cultured astrocytes. AQP expression is directly related to the extracellular hyperosmotic stimuli. Moreover, different AQPs can be regulated by a distinct MAPK signal transduction pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 111–119, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Group Divisible Covering Designs with Block Size 4: A Type of Covering Array with Row Limit
Authors: Francetić Nevena , Danziger Peter , Mendelsohn Eric 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA k‐GDCD, group divisible covering design, of type is a triple , where V is a set of gu elements, is a partition of V into u sets of size g, called groups, and is a collection of k‐subsets of V, called blocks, such that every pair of elements in V is either contained in a unique group or there is at least one block containing it, but not both. This family of combinatorial objects is equivalent to a special case of the graph covering problem and a generalization of covering arrays, which we call CARLs. In this paper, we show that there exists an integer such that for any positive integers g and , there exists a 4‐GDCD of type which in the worst case exceeds the Schönheim lower bound by δ blocks, except maybe when (1) and , or (2) , , and or . To show this, we develop constructions of 4‐GDCDs, which depend on two types of ingredients: essential, which are used multiple times, and auxiliary, which are used only once in the construction. If the essential ingredients meet the lower bound, the products of the construction differ from the lower bound by as many blocks as the optimal size of the auxiliary ingredient differs from the lower bound.
Economic production of Bacillus subtilis SPB1 biosurfactant using local agro‐industrial wastes and its application in enhancing solubility of diesel
Authors: Mnif Ines , Ellouze‐Chaabouni Semia , Ghribi Dhouha 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The present work aimed to optimize a new economic medium for lipopeptide biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis SPB1 for application in the environmental field as an enhancer of diesel solubility. Statistical experimental designs and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the medium components.RESULTS: A central composite design was applied to increase the production yield and predict the optimal values of the selected factors. An optimal medium, for biosurfactant production of about 4.5 g L−1, was found to be composed of sesame peel flour (33 g L−1) and diluted tuna fish cooking residue (40%) with an inoculum size of 0.22. Increased inoculum size (final OD600) significantly improved the production yield. The emulsifier produced was demonstrated to be an alternative to chemically synthesized surfactants since it shows high solubilization efficiency towards diesel oil in comparison with SDS and Tween 80.CONCLUSION: Optimization studies led to a strong improvement in production yield. The emulsifier produced, owing its high solubilization capacity and its large tolerance to acidic and alkaline pH values and salinity, shows great potential for use in bioremediation processes to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Exact Results on the Number of Restricted Edge Colorings for Some Families of Linear Hypergraphs
Authors: Lefmann Hanno , Person Yury 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFor k‐uniform hypergraphs F and H and an integer , let denote the number of r‐colorings of the set of hyperedges of H with no monochromatic copy of F and let , where the maximum is taken over the family of all k‐uniform hypergraphs on n vertices. Moreover, let be the usual extremal function, i.e., the maximum number of hyperedges of an n‐vertex k‐uniform hypergraph which contains no copy of F. Here, we consider the question for determining for F being the k‐uniform expanded, complete graph or the k‐uniform Fan(k)‐hypergraph with core of size , where , and we show

urn:x-wiley:03649024:jgt21653:equation:jgt21653-math-0011for and n large enough. Moreover, for or , for k‐uniform hypergraphs H on n vertices, the equality only holds if H is isomorphic to the ℓ‐partite, k‐uniform Turán hypergraph on n vertices, once n is large enough. On the other hand, we show that is exponentially larger than , if .
Comparison of antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of peel and flesh of some apple varieties
Authors: Karaman Şeyda , Tütem Esma , Başkan Kevser Sözgen , Apak Reşat 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Apples contain a large concentration of phenolic compounds, dependent on factors such as cultivar, harvest, storage conditions, and processing. This study aims to identify the essential phenolic compounds present in various apple varieties, to measure their total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with the CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) and ABTS (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate)) methods, and to correlate their TAC values with HPLC findings.RESULTS: The order of TAC (mmol Trolox g−1 fresh weight) of apple peels determined with the CUPRAC method was: Granny Smith > Amasya > Sky Spur > Ervin Spur > King Luscious ≥ Arap Kizi ≥ Lutz Golden. The theoretically calculated TAC values of HPLC‐quantified compounds, with the aid of the combined HPLC‐CUPRAC method, accounted for 18.4–33.5% of the experimentally observed CUPRAC capacity of peel extracts and 19.5–56.3% of flesh extracts, depending on apple variety.CONCLUSION: In synthetic samples of apple antioxidants, the CUPRAC‐TAC values of constituents, identified and analyzed by HPLC, proved to be additive, enabling measurement of the cooperative action of antioxidants using the proposed methodology. Apple peel showed higher contents of phenolics and therefore higher TAC than apple flesh, confirming the health benefit of the consumption of apples together with peel. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of maize flour particle size on gluten‐free breadmaking
Authors: de la Hera Esther , Talegón María , Caballero Pedro , Gómez Manuel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Maize, one of the suitable grains for coeliac consumption, is, together with rice, the most cultivated cereal in the world. However, the inclusion of maize flour in gluten‐free bread is a minority and studies are scarce. This paper analyses the influence of different maize flour types and their particle sizes on the quality of two types of bread without gluten (80% and 110% water in the formulation) obtained from them. We also analysed the microstructure of the dough and its behaviour during the fermentation.RESULTS: Finer flours had a lower dough development during fermentation in all cases. Among the different types of flour, those whose microstructure revealed compact particles were those which had higher specific bread volume, especially when the particle size was greater. Among the formulations, the dough with more water gave breads with higher specific volume, an effect that was more important in more compact flours. The higher volume breads had lower values of hardness and resilience.CONCLUSION: The type of corn flour and mainly its particle size influence significantly the dough development of gluten‐free bread during fermentation and therefore the final volume and texture of the breads obtained. The flours having coarser particle size are the most suitable for making gluten‐free maize bread. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Meta‐analysis of the association between P53 codon 72 polymorphisms and gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Qi , Ma Ying‐Yu , Wang Hui‐Ju , Shao Chang‐Ming , Zhang Jun , Ye Zai‐Yuan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurposeThis meta‐analysis aims to examine whether the P53 codon 72 polymorphisms is associated with gastric cancer risk.MethodsPooled odds ratios (ORs) were appropriately derived from random‐effects models. Separate analyses were conducted on Asian and Caucasian populations. And a total of 21 studies were eligible (5,867 cases and 7,001 controls); 15 of them were conducted on Asians, others on Caucasians.ResultsThe combined results based on all studies showed that there was significant difference in genotype distribution between gastric cancer and non‐cancer patients in the allele contrast (Pro vs. Arg); the codominant model (Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg) and the recessive model (Pro/Pro vs. Pro/Arg + Arg/Arg). When stratifying for race, patients with gastric cancer had a significantly higher frequency of Pro (OR = 1.136, 95% CI = 1.051–1.229), Pro/Pro (OR = 1.314, 95% CI = 1.110–1.555), Pro/Arg (OR = 1.099, 95% CI = 1.009–1.197), (Pro/Pro + Pro/Arg (OR = 1.153, 95% CI = 1.059–1.255) than non‐cancer patients among Asians. There was statistically significant heterogeneity across all included studies with the Q statistic and study population may be the most important factor contributed to the heterogeneity.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the P53 codon 72 polymorphisms seems to be associated with gastric cancer risk and the analyses suggested that P53 codon 72 polymorphisms may be an important biomarker of gastric cancer susceptibility for Asians. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:360–366. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adrenal imaging: A primer for oncosurgeons
Authors: Goenka Ajit H. , Shah Shetal N. , Remer Erick M. , Berber Eren 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDifferentiation of an incidental adrenal lesion into benign and malignant etiologies is an endeavor with significant and obvious clinical benefit. Advances in imaging now enable this differentiation in high proportion of patients in a non‐invasive manner. The ACR guidelines elaborated in this review seek to promote clinically meaningful, evidence‐based approach to an IAL. Knowledge of the potential as well the limitations of individual modalities is essential so as to streamline investigations in a cost‐effective manner. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:543–548. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of incidental gallbladder cancer in patients undergoing cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease
Authors: Koshenkov Vadim P. , Koru‐Sengul Tulay , Franceschi Dido , DiPasco Peter J. , Rodgers Steven E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDiscovery of incidental gallbladder cancer (IGC) has become more frequent due to adoption of laparoscopy. Gallbladder spillage during operation can disseminate cancer and worsen the prognosis.MethodsPatients who underwent laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease January 1996 to August 2011 at two tertiary care facilities were reviewed. Unmatched controls were randomly selected in 2:1 ratio. Preoperative variables were compared between the two groups.ResultsSixty‐seven patients with IGC were identified and compared to 134 controls. Mean age was 68 for index cases and 49 for controls; 70% of cases and 75% of controls were female. Multivariate analysis showed that higher risk of IGC was significantly associated with age ≥ 65 (OR = 10.61, P < 0.0001), dilated bile ducts (OR = 4.76, P = 0.0028), and presence of gallbladder wall thickening (OR = 4.39, P = 0.0003). This model yielded a very good area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic (AUC = 0.83) for discriminating the patients with IGC from controls.ConclusionsIGC is more likely to be found in patients when age is ≥65, with dilated bile ducts and gallbladder wall thickening. Preoperative suspicion of gallbladder cancer should prompt the surgeon to be more careful not to perforate the gallbladder during laparoscopic approach, and to have a lower threshold for conversion if necessary. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:118–123. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First experiences of photoacoustic imaging for detection of melanoma metastases in resected human lymph nodes
Authors: Grootendorst D.J. , Jose J. , Wouters M.W. , van Boven H. , Van der Hage J. , Van Leeuwen T.G. , Steenbergen W. , Manohar S. , Ruers T.J.M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveExcision and histological assessment of the first draining node (sentinel lymph node) is a frequently used method to assess metastatic lymph node involvement related to cutaneous melanoma. Due to the time required for accurate histological assessment, nodal status is not immediately available to the surgeon. Hence, in case histological examination shows metastases, the patient has to be recalled to perform additional lymphadenectomy. To overcome these drawbacks we studied the applicability of photoacoustic tomographic imaging as an intra‐operative modality for examining the status of resected lymph nodes.Materials and MethodsIn melanoma patients undergoing lymphadectomy for metastatic disease, six suspect lymph nodes were photoacoustically (PA) imaged using multiple wavelengths. Histopathologal examination showed three nodes without tumor cells (benign nodes) and three nodes with melanoma cells (malignant nodes). PA images were compared with histology and anatomical features were analyzed. In addition, PA spectral analysis was performed on areas of increased signal intensity.ResultsAfter correlation with histopathology, multiple areas containing melanoma cells could be identified in the PA images due to their increased response. Malignant nodes showed a higher PA response and responded differently to an increase in excitation wavelength than benign nodes. In addition, differences in anatomical features between the two groups were detected.ConclusionsPhotoacoustic detection of melanoma metastases based on their melanin content proves to be possible in resected human lymph nodes. The amount of PA signal and several specific anatomical features seem to provide additional characteristics for nodal analysis. However, it is as yet preliminary to designate a highly accurate parameter to distinguish between malignant and benign nodes. We expect to improve the specificity of the technique with a future implementation of an adjusted illumination scheme and depth correction for photon fluence. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 541–549, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermoresponsive Aggregation Behavior of Triterpene–Poly(ethylene oxide) Conjugates in Water
Authors: Zhao Junpeng , Jeromenok Jekaterina , Weber Jens , Schlaad Helmut 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBioconjugate amphiphiles comprising triterpene and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were studied according to their thermoresponsive aggregation behavior (LCST) in water. Cholesteryl−PEO (CE) and betulinyl−PEO (BE) comprising <70 wt% PEO precipitated from water upon heating. CE, but not BE, solutions contained nanoscopic aggregates at room temperature causing different thermoprecipitation behaviors. Solutions containing 5 wt% solutions of BE with short PEO chains demonstrated dual thermoresponsive behavior, precipitating at high temperature and forming hydrogel at low temperature. A BE multiblock copolymer was found to form large aggregates, presumably vesicles, in water. Results suggest that the solution properties of triterpene–PEO amphiphiles can be controlled by the chemical composition and structure. magnified image
Polylactide Block Copolymers using Trimethylene Carbonate with Methoxyethoxy Side Groups for Dual Modification of Hydrophilicity and Biodegradability
Authors: Ajiro Hiroharu , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Akashi Mitsuru , Fujiwara Tomoko 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNovel block copolymers using the monomers 5‐(2‐methoxyethyoxymethyl)‐5‐methyl‐[1,3]‐dioxa‐2‐one (TMCM‐MOE1OM) as a hydrophilic segment and lactides as a hydrophobic segment were designed in order to prepare controllable degradation polymers by dynamic polymer rearrangement based on the hydrophilicity. When the copolymer film contacted water, the hydrophobic polylactide (PLA) segments tend to be buried under the TMCM‐MOE1OM segments due to the hydrophilicity of the methoxyethoxy groups. The copolymers were hardly degraded by both proteinase K and lipase, while both of their homopolymers, poly(trimethylene carbonate) and PLA, were degraded, which suggests that the rearrangement of the TMCM‐MOE1OM segments at the outermost surface significantly improved the degradation ratio. magnified image
Sparsity transform k‐t principal component analysis for accelerating cine three‐dimensional flow measurements
Authors: Knobloch Verena , Boesiger Peter , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTime‐resolved three‐dimensional flow measurements are limited by long acquisition times. Among the various acceleration techniques available, k‐t methods have shown potential as they permit significant scan time reduction even with a single receive coil by exploiting spatiotemporal correlations. In this work, an extension of k‐t principal component analysis is proposed utilizing signal differences between the velocity encodings of three‐directional flow measurements to further compact the signal representation and hence improve reconstruction accuracy. The effect of sparsity transform in k‐t principal component analysis is demonstrated using simulated and measured data of the carotid bifurcation. Deploying sparsity transform for 8‐fold undersampled simulated data, velocity root‐mean‐square errors were found to decrease by 52 ± 14%, 59 ± 11%, and 16 ± 32% in the common, external, and internal carotid artery, respectively. In vivo, errors were reduced by 15 ± 17% in the common carotid artery with sparsity transform. Based on these findings, spatial resolution of three‐dimensional flow measurements was increased to 0.8 mm isotropic resolution with prospective 8‐fold undersampling and sparsity transform k‐t principal component analysis reconstruction. Volumetric data were acquired in 6 min. Pathline visualization revealed details of helical flow patterns partially hidden at lower spatial resolution. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3D phase unwrapping using global expected phase as a reference: Application to MRI global shimming
Authors: Liu Wentao , Tang Xin , Ma Yajun , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMRI phase data often suffers from phase wrapping (i.e., phase may be discontinuous by 2π jumps). Numerous MRI phase unwrapping strategies were developed in the past using a criterion based on phase information of local or neighboring voxels. In this study, an alternative and novel three dimensional phase unwrapping strategy is introduced. This method considers the global character of the phase distribution and utilizes continuous trigonometric functions to construct an expected phase map as an unwrapping reference, which is then used to guide the phase correction of every individual voxel. The original phase is estimated by analyzing the derivative of the wrapped phase image. Simulations of various phase wrapped situations were performed and this new method was also used for an in vivo application (i.e., MRI automatic global shimming). Both simulated and experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method is more reliable and robust than traditional algorithms at obtaining correct phase maps, especially in regions of low‐signal and air cavities, such as the abdomen and pelvis. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and evaluation of a detunable water‐based quadrature HEM11 mode dielectric resonator as a new type of volume coil for high field MRI
Authors: Aussenhofer Sebastian A. , Webb Andrew G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn annular dielectric resonator made from distilled water has been designed to operate in degenerate quadrature HEM11 modes at 298.1 MHz (7 Tesla). The circularly polarized B field has a high degree of homogeneity throughout a sample placed within the annulus. The sensitivity of the resonator was measured to be essentially identical to that of an eight‐rung high‐pass birdcage resonator with the same physical dimensions. High resolution in vivo images have been obtained from the human wrist. A new method of electronically detuning the resonator has also been evaluated. The design is extremely simple and rapid to build, with direct applicability to very high field imaging and also potential integration into human and animal hybrid position emission tomography (PET)/MRI and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/MRI systems due to the lack of conductor attenuation‐induced artifacts in the reconstructed nuclear medicine images. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic imaging of multiple X‐nucleus resonances
Authors: Steinseifer Isabell K. , Wijnen Jannie P. , Hamans Bob C. , Heerschap Arend , Scheenen Tom W. J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study describes a technique for fast imaging of x‐nuclei metabolites. Due to increased sensitivity and larger chemical shift dispersion at high magnetic fields, images of multiple metabolites can be obtained simultaneously by selective excitation of their resonances with a multifrequency selective radiofrequency pulse at any desired flip angle. This aim is achieved by combining a three‐dimensional gradient echo imaging sequence with a Shinnar‐LeRoux optimized excitation pulse. A proper choice of bandwidth, imaging matrix size, and field of view allows using the chemical shift dispersion of the different resonances to completely separate their images within one large field of view. The method of fast metabolic imaging is illustrated with 13C measurements of a phantom containing a solution of 13C labeled glucose, lactate, and sodium octanoate and by dynamic measurements of the 31P metabolites phosphocreatine and β‐adenosine triphosphate in human femoral muscle in vivo, both at 7T. With dynamic selective 31P imaging of the larger part of the upper leg, phosphocreatine signal intensity changes of specific muscles can be studied simultaneously by analyzing the sum of phosphocreatine signals within arbitrarily shaped regions of interest following the muscles' contours. This concept of dynamic metabolic imaging can be applied to other organs and further expanded to other MR‐detectable nuclei and metabolites. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.