bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: NMR of Paramagnetic Species
Authors: Sharp R. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Analysis Using NMR
Authors: Kogelberg Heide 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Insecticidal Metabolites from the Green Alga Caulerpa racemosa
Authors: Alarif Walied M. , Abou‐Elnaga Zeinab S. , Ayyad Seif‐Eldin N. , Al‐lihaibi Sultan S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is the isolation and identification of metabolites from the green alga Caulerpa racemosa and assaying them against the medically important mosquito Culex pipiens. The chloroform/methanol extract of the green alga C. racemosa afforded a number of metabolites, as caulerpin (1), caulerpynyne (3), phytol (4), 10‐keto‐3,7,11‐trimethyldodecanoic acid (5), a number of unsaturated compounds in addition to caulerpinic acid (2), the alkaline hydrolysis product of caulerpin. In summary, the larvicidal activity of caulerpin and caulerpinic acid were tested against C. pipiens mosquito (filarial victor) leading to the identification of novel effective mosquitocidal compounds.
Three outer arm dynein heavy chains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii operate in a coordinated fashion both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Takazaki Hiroko , Liu Zhongmei , Jin Mingyue , Kamiya Ritsu , Yasunaga Takuo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOuter arm dynein (OAD) in cilia and flagella contains two to three nonidentical heavy chains (HCs) that possess motor activity. In Chlamydomonas, flagellar OAD contains three HCs, α‐, β‐, and γ‐HCs, each appearing to have a distinct role. To determine the precise molecular mechanism of their function, cross‐sectional electron micrographs of wild‐type and single HC‐disruption mutants were compared and statistically analyzed. While the α‐HC mutant displayed an OAD of lower density, which was attributed to a lack of α‐HC, the OAD of β‐ and γ‐HC mutants not only lacked the corresponding HC, but was also significantly affected in its structure, particularly with respect to the localization of α‐HC. The lack of β‐HC induced mislocalization of α‐HC, while a disruption of the γ‐HC gene resulted in the synchronized movement of α‐HC and β‐HC in the manners for stacking. Interestingly, using cryo‐electron microscopy, purified OADs were typically observed consisting of two stacked heads and an independent single head, which presumably corresponded to γ‐HC. This conformation is different from previous reports in which the three HCs displayed a stacked form in flagella observed by cryo‐electron tomography and a bouquet structure on mica in deep‐etch replica images. These results suggest that γ‐HC supports the tight stacking arrangement of inter or intra α‐/β‐HC to facilitate the proper functioning of OAD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of the spectrophotometric response of a carded fiber composed by different kinds of coloured raw materials: An artificial neural network‐based approach
Authors: Furferi Rocco , Governi Lapo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOne of the most critical phases of the production of carded fiber is the comparison between the colour of the finished product and the colour desired by a customer or provided in a catalog. In most cases, the required proportions of coloured fibers for obtaining a desired final colour of a fiber are evaluated by trial and error techniques. This approach, which often lacks a computer‐aided tool to assist colourists, allows the assessment of a recipe to reproduce a target colour. The companies producing carded fibers often perform a colorimetric control of their product. This is obtained by evaluating the colorimetric distance between the final product, obtained by mixing some coloured raw fibers in order to obtain a homogeneous colour, and the desired one. When this colorimetric distance exceeds a value stated by the customer, the companies have to modify the recipe in order to reduce the gap between the colour of the final product and the desired one. The present work describes a novel approach for a reliable prediction of the spectrophotometric response of a carded fiber based on the spectrophotometric response of the raw materials composing the fiber itself. This is obtained for any variation of an original recipe. The developed system is, first, based on a theoretical approach used for the prediction of reflectance factors obtained by mixing the same kind of differently coloured raw material. A more general approach, based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), is then described. This second approach performs a reliable prediction of the reflectance factors of a carded fiber composed by several kind of differently coloured raw materials. The two approaches were used to predict the reflectance factors of 500 different blends. Colour differences between the predicted reflectance factors and the real spectrophotometric response of the carded fibers are measured and expressed in CIELAB and CMC(2:1) distances under several standard illuminants. Referring to the test performed in the present work, the mean predicted colour difference in terms of CIELAB is less than 0.24. The maximum distance in terms of CMC(2:1) is less than 0.25. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed approach is suitable for a reliable, fast and practical prediction of the recipes for carded fibers. For these reasons, the developed system is actually running into the Laboratory of an important textile company located in Prato (Italy): the New Mill S.p.A. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 36, 179–191, 2011;
Influence of SiO32‐ impurity on growth habit of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal
Authors: Ding Jianxu , Lu Yongqiang , Wang Shenglai , Mu Xiaoming , Gu Qingtian , Wang Zhengping , Sun Yun , Liang Xiaoling , Xu Xinguang , Sun Xun , Liu Wenjie , Liu Guangxia , Zhu Shengjun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBy altering the concentration of silicate (SiO32‐) impurity in the solution, a series of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals was obtained by the conventional temperature cooling and the rapid growth methods, respectively. It was observed that the presence of SiO32‐ made KDP crystals tapering in conventional cooling method, while more SiO32‐ induced inclusions at prismatic sectors in the rapid growth method. Laser‐polarization‐interference results showed that SiO32‐ extended the dead zone and reduced the growth rate of (100) face of KDP crystals. The negative influence of SiO32‐on the growth was considered absolutely similar to the effect of cations. It was also suggested that the stability of solution doped with SiO32‐ was improved without seed crystals, while it was destructed with seed crystals. The inhibition mechanism was analyzed in terms of SiO32‐ absorption on (100) face. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hyperkalemia and ion exchange resins—limitations
Authors: Rottembourg Jacques , Kpade Floride , Dansaert AurŽlie 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA clinical observation of hyperkalemia in a dialyzed patient operated on 3 times following a perforated colic diverticula, led us to discuss the action site of a cation exchange resin. Other therapeutic possibilities to manage hyperkalemia in a non‐dialytic fashion in end‐stage renal disease patients are reviewed. Such situations are rare, but may occur again.
Relationship of Serum ADMA With pulmonary hypertension in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Meng Juan , Li Zhong Xin , Jiang Wei , Xu Chen , Li Yan Chun , Huang Jing , Sun Qian Mei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDAsymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor. Increased con‐centrations of serum ADMA may also contribute to endothelial dysfunction in patients with pulmonary vascular dis‐ease. Pulmonary hypertension in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis is a newly described entity. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is considered to be ESRD‐related endothelial dysfunction. The aim of our study was to elucidate the possible relationship between serum ADMA and PH in patients undergo‐ing hemodialysis (HD).METHODSThe incidence of PH was prospectively estimated by Doppler echocardiography in 69 patients with ESRD undergoing long‐term HD (2 hrs of completion of HD). Serum ADMA levels were measured using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Pulmonary hypertension was deﬁned as pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP) >35 mmHg as determined by Doppler echocardiography using the modiﬁed Bernouli equation. Then, the relationship between ADMA and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was analyzed.RESULTSPulmonary hypertension was detected in 31.9% of patients receiving HD. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was signiﬁcantly higher in patients with PH compared with patients without PH (40.79 ± 12.32 versus 24.81 ± 4.54 mmHg; p < .001), whereas the patients with PH had signiﬁcantly higher cardiac output (6.41 ± 0.74 versus 5.08 ± 0.61 mL/min/m2, p < .001). Serum ADMA levels were signiﬁcantly elevated in patients with PH compared with those without PH and 25 matched control subjects (1.32 ± 0.15 µmol/L versus 0.99 ± 0.19 µmol/L versus 0.22 ± 0.05 µmol/L; p < .001). Multiple regression analysis showed that sPAP was independently related to ADMA and arteriovenous ﬁstula (AVF) ﬂow (p < .01).CONCLUSIONSIncreased ADMA levels and their positive association with PAP suggest that the NO pathway is involved in the development of pulmonary vascular disease.
Lmx1b is required for murine trabecular meshwork formation and for maintenance of corneal transparency
Authors: Liu Pu , Johnson Randy L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractStudies of Lmx1b have shown that it is required for anterior segment formation during embryonic development and that reduction of Lmx1b may contribute to elevated intraocular pressure in the adult. However, whether Lmx1b is required for formation of anterior segment tissues that are associated with regulation of intraocular pressure has not been addressed due to the perinatal lethality of Lmx1b null allele. Here we use conditional deletion strategies to circumvent perinatal lethality. Our results indicate that Lmx1b is required in neural crest–derived periocular mesenchyme for formation of anterior segment tissues, including trabecular meshwork, a critical regulator of intraocular pressure. Furthermore, we show that Lmx1b is essential to maintain proper functioning of those tissues in the adult. Taken together, our results are the first to link a specific transcription factor to trabecular meshwork formation and the first to demonstrate specific requirements for Lmx1b in maintaining the integrity of adult anterior segment. Developmental Dynamics 239:2161–2171, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ooplasmic segregation in the zebrafish zygote and early embryo: Pattern of ooplasmic movements and transport pathways
Authors: Fuentes Ricardo , Fernández Juan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPatterns of cytoplasmic movements and organization of transport pathways were examined in live or fixed zygotes and early zebrafish embryos using a variety of techniques. The zygote blastodisc grows by accumulation of ooplasm, transported to the animal pole from distinct sectors of ecto‐ and endoplasm at different speeds and developmental periods, using specific pathways or streamers. Slow transport (5 μm/min) occurs during the first interphase along short streamers, whereas fast transport (9.6–40 μm/min) takes place during the first cleavage division along axial and meridional streamers. Interconnections between streamers allow cargoes to change their speed and final destination. A similar sequence of events occurs during the following divisions. A complex network of microtubules and actin filaments in the endo‐ and ectoplasm appears to be involved in the transport of inclusions and mRNAs. Actin‐dependent intermittent pulsations provoked high‐speed back‐and‐forth movements of cytoplasm that may contribute to redistribution of organelles and maternal determinants. Developmental Dynamics 239:2172–2189, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reinforcement learning using a stochastic gradient method with memory‐based learning
Authors: Yamada Takafumi , Yamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a learning algorithm combining memory‐less learning and memory‐based learning is proposed for agents operating under POMDP. In the first stage of the proposed algorithm, memory‐less learning is applied. The stochastic gradient method is employed as a memory‐less learning algorithm. In the first stage, a state‐action set series that accomplishes the task is stored in memory. In the second stage, memory‐based learning is applied. In this process, only the series obtained in the first stage is used, so that this method is able to reduce significantly the amount of required memory. The proposed algorithm is applied to three simulations for comparison with the memory‐less learning algorithm. Through computer simulations, it is shown that the proposed algorithm works more effectively in POMDP than ordinary memory‐less learning. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(1): 32–40, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20963
A distribution line model for lightning overvoltage studies
Authors: Matsuura Susumu , Noda Taku , Asakawa Akira , Yokoyama Shigeru 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRecently, the focus of lightning protection measures for distribution lines has moved from a nearby lightning stroke to a direct lightning stroke. Studies of direct lightning stroke countermeasures are generally carried out by digital simulations using the EMTP (Electro‐Magnetic Transients Program). Thus, components of a distribution line must be modeled appropriately in the EMTP for accurate simulations.The authors have previously clarified the surge response of a distribution line by pulse tests using a reduced‐scale distribution line model. In this paper, first, the results of the pulse tests are simulated in the EMTP using a conventional model which represents a distribution pole by a single lossless distributed‐parameter line model, and comparisons with the test results show that transient overvoltages generated at the insulators cannot accurately be reproduced by the conventional model. This indicates that a special treatment is required to represent the transient response of a distribution pole and wires. Then, this paper proposes new EMTP models of the pole and wires which can reproduce the transient overvoltages at the insulators. The parameter values of the proposed models can be determined based on a pulse test result. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(1): 11–23, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21001
Synthesis of 2‐Amino glycal Derivatives and their Conversion into Highly Functionalised β‐Enamino Ketones
Authors: Iglesias‐Guerra Fernando , Periñán Ignacio , Vega‐Holm Margarita , Vega‐Pérez José M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA general method for the synthesis of 2‐amino glycals employing 2‐amino sugar derivatives as precursors is described. A new 2‐(amino‐disubstituted) glycal backbone is obtained independently of the aglycon and nitrogen substituents, the configuration of the C‐1, C‐2 and C‐3 atoms of the starting amino sugar and the oxidative system employed. The reactivity of these new 2‐amino glycals with amines has been studied. The reactions were performed with two differently N‐substituted amino glycals and a variety of alkyl‐ and arylamines. Highly functionalised β‐enamino ketones were obtained by this method.
Parameters governing reproducibility of flow properties of porous monoliths photopatterned within microfluidic channels
Authors: He Mei , Bao Jian‐Bin , Zeng Yong , Harrison D. Jed 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe report the patternability as well as the reproducibility and stability of flow resistance of polymer monolithic beds photopatterned within microfluidic channels as a function of initial reagent composition and preparation conditions. 2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate‐based polymer monoliths were selectively photopatterned within microchannels and their flow resistance was evaluated using a photobleaching, TOF linear flow rate measurement method developed in our lab. This measurement technique was found to be significantly more informative for columns formed in microfluidic channels compared with bulk monolith characterization by mercury intrusion porosimetry. 1‐Octanol was determined to provide sharp bed edge formation and relatively low flow resistance by photopatterning relative to other porogenic solvents. Compared with literature formulations which did not achieve good flow stability and reproducibility from batch to batch, using 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate and 1‐octanol as porogenic solvents, less than 4% RSD was achieved in flow stability over 7 days for monoliths prepared with 60–80% crosslinker(monomer+crosslinker) ratio. Column‐to‐column variation of 5% RSD was obtained in this composition range. These results demonstrate that photopatterning of uniform polymer monolithic beds, which is critical for applications in multiplexed microfluidic systems, requires careful attention to the parameters that affect reproducibility, specifically the porogenic solvent choice and the crosslinker to monomer ratio.
Power efficiency of thin clients
Authors: Vereecken Willem , Deboosere Lien , Simoens Pieter , Vermeulen Brecht , Colle Didier , Develder Chris , Pickavet Mario , Dhoedt Bart , Demeester Piet 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWorldwide, awareness for energy consumption is rising because of global energy production limits as well as because of environmental concerns. As the energy fraction currently consumed by ICT‐related equipment is substantial (about 8 per cent of electricity consumption worldwide in the use phase) and the growth rate in this particular sector is spectacular, in the ICT sector, adequate solutions are needed to allow sustainable growth. In this paper we aim at reducing power consumption of desktop applications by applying a thin client approach and we analyse the conditions necessary. To this end, estimates on power consumptions in typical desktop scenarios and analogous thin client settings are made and analysed. The paper concludes with an experimental study on currently available equipment, to translate the generic conclusions into their current implications and trade‐offs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adhesion test method for spray‐applied fire‐resistive materials
Authors: Tan Kar Tean , White Christopher C. , Hunston Donald L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAdhesion of spray‐applied fire‐resistive materials (SFRMs) to steel structures is critical in enabling a building to remain functional during a fire for a specific period of time for life safety and fire department access. Empirical tests such as ASTM E736 have been widely adopted by the industry in an effort to ensure sufficient bonding between SFRMs and steel structures. ASTM E736 assesses the adhesion of SFRMs by using tensile strength, a failure parameter that depends on the test geometry and has limited use for predicting failure in other geometries and conditions. These limitations have produced an urgent need for a scientifically based adhesion test method. In this paper, we propose a new test method that would provide more fundamental information that is independent of test geometry and has predictive capability. This paper utilizes a fracture energy‐based failure criterion (GC) to characterize the adhesion between SFRMs and steel. The theoretical basis of this test method is validated by experimental compliance tests. The dependence of GC on various test variables such as specimen width, substrate type, SFRM formulation, and test rate are examined. A comparison between this new test method, and the current widely used strength‐based test method is also presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sources of variation in holding returns for fed funds futures contracts
Authors: Hamilton James D. , Okimoto Tatsuyoshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study relates predictable gains from positions in fed funds futures contracts to violations of the expectations hypothesis of the term structure of interest rates. Although evidence for predictable gains from positions in short‐horizon contracts is mixed, we find that gains in longer horizon contracts can be well described using Markov‐switching models, with predictability associated with particular episodes in which economic activity was weak and variability in the returns to these contracts was quite high. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 31:205–229, 2011
A statistical method for scanning the genome for regions with rare disease alleles
Authors: Garner Chad 
Published: June 2010

AbstractStudying the role of rare alleles in common disease has been prevented by the impractical task of determining the DNA sequence of large numbers of individuals. Next‐generation DNA sequencing technologies are being developed that will make it possible for genetic studies of common disease to study the full frequency spectrum of genetic variation, including rare alleles. This report describes a method for scanning the genome for disease susceptibility regions that show an increased number of rare alleles among a sample of disease cases versus an ethnically matched sample of controls. The method was based on a hidden Markov model and the statistical support for a disease susceptibility region characterized by rare alleles was measured by a likelihood ratio statistic. Due to the lack of empirical data, the method was evaluated through simulation. The performance of the method was tested under the null and alternative hypotheses under a range of sequence generating and hidden Markov models parameters. The results showed that the statistical method performs well at identifying true disease susceptibility regions and that performance was primarily affected by the amount of variation in the neutral sequence and the number of rare disease alleles found in the disease susceptibility region. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 386–395, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.