bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep Quality and Processed Food Consumption among Female College Students
Authors: Aneesh Mitravinda , Chaganty Ananya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Shorter sleep duration and processed food intake have been associated with higher body mass index and increased risk to metabolic syndrome. We conducted a cross-sectional study to find the association between processed food intake and sleep quality.

Materials and Methods:
We recruited 100 female college students aged 18–24 years. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured. We used Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality. Processed food intake was estimated by using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.

Results:
Half of the students had poor sleep quality. One-fourth of the students slept for more than 7 h/day. Fast food intake was associated poorer sleep quality and higher daytime dysfunction (P < 0.05). Consumption of high sugar foods was associated with the shorter duration of sleep (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study suggests that the quality of food can potentially influence the quality of sleep.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Coronally Repositioned Flap with Collagen Membrane for Root Coverage of Miller’s Class I and Class II Recession
Authors: Pal Kirti , Bali Shweta , Aggarwal Priyanka , Nautiyal Aruna , Singhal Deepali 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to clinically evaluate the efficacy of coronally repositioned flap in the treatment of isolated Miller’s class I and II gingival recession.

Materials and Methods:
Twelve patients with Miller’s class I and class II recession were selected. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (control group): coronally repositioned flap and Group B (test group): coronally repositioned flap with bioabsorbable collagen membrane. Clinical evaluation parameters such as probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), width of keratinized tissue (WKT), gingival biotype (thickness), recession width (RW), and recession depth (RD) were recorded at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-operatively using an acrylic stent.

Results:
A significant gain in CAL (−0.6, −0.78, and −0.60 mm) and WKT (0.25, 0.48, and 0.83 mm) was observed in both the groups from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. However, the gain was more in the test group than the control group. Similarly, a significant decrease in mean RD and RW was more in the test group when compared with the control group (significant P-value <0.001) 6 months post-operatively. Also, no statistically significant change was found in the two groups in terms of PD and gingival tissue at 6 months.

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that collagen can improve the clinical outcomes of the coronally repositioned flap operation in the therapy of localized recession defects.
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Barriers to Personal Protective Equipment usage with Suggested Remedial Measures among Health-Care Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kapoor Suraj , Vardhan Prem , Anand Vivek , Bhaskar S Vijay , Yadav Arun Kumar , Mahajan Saurabh , Kaur Mandeep , Kumar Surinder 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is the most powerful method to protect health-care professionals from contact with infectious agent. This study was conducted with an aim to assess knowledge, perceptions, and barriers to PPE usage among health-care workers (HCWs) with assessment of suggested remedial measures against COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among health-care professionals involved in COVID care across the country.

Results:
A total of 167 study participants were included in the study with a mean age of 31 years with standard deviation of 4.4. A total of 123 (74%) of the participants had a knowledge score of 5 or more out of 11 (above average), while 44 (26%) had score <5 suggesting poor knowledge. On inquiring about various barriers/challenges faced while using PPEs, visual problem due to fogging of goggles was found to be most common among 158 (94%) of the study participants. On assessing various remedial measures suggested by study participants to improve vision due to fogging, 54% of participants suggested application of thin layer of clear shower gel or any high-viscosity clear liquid on inner side of protective goggles before donning, while about 20% of study participants suggested application of micropore/elastoplast over the nose bridge to seal the mask properly. To overcome communication/hearing problem, about 32% of the study participants suggested use of microphone along with a portable speaker to amplify the voice.

Conclusion:
To promote good infection prevention and control strategies, it is necessary to impart training in the field of appropriate use of PPEs. This study may serve as a guide to health administrators as well as other HCWs in adopting ways and means to ameliorate the problems encountered in the use of PPE kits.
Team-Based Learning in Pathology
Authors: Bhargava Shruti , Jain Monica , Grover Mohnish , Pathak Deepali 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Team-based learning (TBL) is an approach where the learners are organized in groups where they learn from each other. This TBL is a student-centric approach, which ensures active participation of each member and also promotes teamwork and learning ability. Looking at the teacher-centric approach of the conventional teaching–learning (CTL) methods in medical education, where the students are mere passive learners and the sessions can be monotonous, TBL seems to be extremely relevant today as a more student-centric teaching–learning method.

Methods:
This randomized crossover study was conducted in the department of pathology, at one of the largest government medical colleges, on students of II MBBS, wherein they were exposed to TBL session and their learning outcome and perception was compared to that after CTL method that is lecture (CTL). The data were analyzed using Primer version 6 software.

Results:
In this study, there was a statistically significant improvement in the score of students after exposure to TBL. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the learning outcome of students of TBL as compared to CTL. The student perception trends reveal a positive tilt toward TBL.

Conclusion:
Our pilot study concludes that TBL can be used as a supplement to the conventional lectures for improving the learning as well as teamwork and leadership skills of students.
Accuracy of PoCUS in Diagnosing Acute Dyspnea in ED
Authors: Salfi Ponnankandy , Bharadwaj Adithya Venkataram , Tasneem Afza , D’Cunha Delma 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Acute dyspnea is a common symptom in the emergency department (ED). Diagnosis and management of patients presenting with acute dyspnea is one of the major challenges for physicians in the ED. A correct diagnosis is frequently delayed and difficult to ascertain, and clinical uncertainty is common, explaining the need for rapid diagnosis and a management plan. The standard approach to dyspnea often relies on radiologic and laboratory results, causing an excessive delay before adequate therapy is started. The use of an integrated point-of-care ultrasonography (PoCUS) approach can shorten the time needed to formulate a diagnosis, while maintaining an acceptable safety profile.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study on 88 patients aged above 18 years who came with a complaint of acute dyspnea to emergency room of a tertiary care center in Mangalore, Karnataka, over a period of 1 year from September 2017 to September 2018.

Results:
The accuracy of PoCUS in diagnosing acute dyspneic patients was found to be 93.8% in our study.

Conclusion:
PoCUS is a great tool in all emergency settings to deliver a better care.
Perception of the MBBS students regarding the educational environment in Bankura Sammilani Medical College, West Bengal
Authors: Sarkar Aditya Prasad , Ghewade Babaji 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context:
The education environment (EE) is defined as everything that is happening in the classroom, hospital, wards, department, faculty, and university which is known to affect students’ performance.

Settings and Design:
This was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design in a Medical College.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020 among MBBS students of the college. However, only three batches (1st year, 2nd year, and 3rd year) were available for study. From each batch, 30 students were selected using a simple random sampling method. From 1st and 3rd year, 31 students each participated making a total of 92. A self-administered questionnaire containing baseline information maintaining anonymity and the Dundy Ready EE measure (DREEM) Questionnaire were used.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was performed with the help of SPSS 22.0. Mean, standard deviation, and proportion were used.

Results:
The global score was 128.0 among students meaning more positive than negative EE. The difference in score in between years of students in students’ perceptions of learning domain, in students’ academic self-perception, students’ perceptions of atmosphere, and students’ social self-perceptions domain was statistically significant (P < 0.05). From the students’ perception, stress on factual learning, authoritarian teachers, problem of memorizing, and lack of good support system during stress were revealed.

Conclusions:
The study revealed that overall EE is good. However, stress on factual learning, authoritarian teachers, and problem of memorizing and lack of good support system should be taken care of.
A Clinical Study of Pleural Effusion and its Radiological, Biochemical, Bacteriological, and Cytological Correlation
Authors: Narayan Mood , Karre Saritha , Darivemula Surendra Babu 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Pleural effusion refers to excessive or abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. It is a commonly encountered medical problem caused by a variety of underlying pathological conditions. Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity has varied etiological factors. Because of the various etiologies that can cause pleural effusion, it often presents a diagnostic problem, even after extensive investigations.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was carried out with the aim was to arrive at the etiological diagnosis by analysis of history, clinical presentation, biochemical, radiological, cytological, and bacteriological methods. The inclusion criteria were total 100 patients of adult age and either sex were taken, with age >18 years, and chest X-ray showing evidence of pleural effusion. Already diagnosed with pleural effusion were excluded from the study. Diagnosis was made on clinical examination, radiological examination, and analysis of laboratory data.

Results:
A total of 106 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 42.8 years and standard deviation of ± 15.1, respectively. Out of 106, the maximum number of cases of pleural effusion were tuberculosis 59 (55.7%) among them more than three-fourth of them were affected on the right side and only 13 (12.2%) were affected on the left side. After tuberculosis, malignancy 17 (16.0%) and congestive heart failure 10 (9.4%) respectively. Most of the cases were affected on the right side 57 (53.7%), followed by 35 (33.1%) and only 14 (13.2%) were affected bilaterally. The most common presenting symptoms are 99 (93.3%) and had shortness of breath, 87 (86.0%). Among the plural effusion cases, majority 90 (84.9%) of them had diagnosed with thoracocentesis. Almost 89 (83.9%) exudative effusions are more common and only 17 (16.1%) transudative effusion.

Conclusion:
A maximum number of cases of pleural effusion were tuberculosis followed by malignancy. Thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis were the most common diagnostic technique. Thoracoscopy was required in few cases which are difficult to diagnose cases.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Mangalgi Smita S. , Agarwal Astha , Sajjan Annapurna G. , Math Muragesh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Ever-increasing numbers of infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are being reported in the hospitals. Healthcare workers (HCWs) become colonized with MRSA and act as source as well as vectors for the transmission of MRSA infections to the patients.

Aim and Objectives:
The aim of this article is to detect the carrier rate of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA among the HCWs and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to commonly used antimicrobial agents.

Materials and Methods:
Nasal swabs from 265 HCWs were collected between October 2018 and April 2019. The swabs were processed using standard laboratory techniques.

Results:
Of the 265 samples collected from HCWs, 46 (17.35%) showed the growth of S. aureus and among them 38 were found to be MRSA. The overall carrier rate of MRSA was 14.33%. The maximum carriage rate for MRSA was seen among nursing staff and that for MSSA among undergraduate medical students. Overall knowledge and attitude levels of HCWs though were found to be better proper preventive practices were not followed. Most of the MRSA strains were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid, but more than 50% were resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents in our hospital.

Conclusion:
Along with strict enforcement of infection control practices, regular surveillance of HCWs for MRSA colonization is necessary to limit the spread of MRSA by HCWs to susceptible patients.
Assessment of Morbidity Profile of Rural Population Residing in the Field Practice Area of a Government Medical College
Authors: Bhure Bhagyashri S. , Ankushe Rajendra T. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Morbidity can be defined as any deviation from the state of normal physical and mental well-being. The health of an individual does have a direct relationship with human resources, development and economic development of a nation. The existing hospital based, disease – oriented health care model has provided health benefits mainly to the urban elite, approximately 80% of health facilities are concentrated in urban areas. The rural areas where nearly 69% of the population live, do not enjoy the benefits of the modern curative and preventive health services. Therefore the present study was undertaken with the objective to assess the health needs of the rural population in terms of morbidity.

Materials and Methods:
The Cross-sectional study was conducted in a village which comes under field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine. The village was selected by using lottery method out of all the villages which comes under the field practice area. All villagers in the village constituted the study population. 2270 Study population (420 families) were involved in the study. A house to house survey was done using interview technique as a tool for data collection. Predesigned questionnaire was used to record the necessary information. Data regarding socio demographic factors and any disease condition among family members was collected.

Results and Conclusions:
Present study comprises of 2270 study participants in all age groups. The most common morbidities more than 1% population affected (> 22 cases) were Anaemia 517(22.77%), Acute respiratory infection 260(11.45%), Diabetes and Hypertension 255(11.23%), Diarrhoea 93(4.09%), Refractory error and cataract 46(2.02%), Arthritis 44(1.93%) and Dental caries 34(1.49%). There is dual burden of communicable as well noncommunicable diseases in our study population.
Carcinoma en cuirasse of breast presenting as keloidal structures
Authors: Joshi Deepak , Mohapatra Manisha , Rao Gandikota Raghurama , Haritha Kollipara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Carcinoma en cuirasse, also known as scirrhous carcinoma, is a form of cutaneous metastasis of breast carcinoma. The incidence of “en cuirasse” is approximately 0.6%–10% of cases. The most common sites for cutaneous metastases are the chest wall and abdomen. It is characterized by an erythematous, indurated plaque, nodules, or morphea-like plaques over the chest wall. We report a rare case of carcinoma en cuirasse of breast presenting as keloidal-like nodules in a 55-year-old woman.
Knowledge, attitude, and perception towards mob lynching among the general population of India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Paul Fayaz A , Ali Arif , Dar Danishwar R , Banerjee Indrajeeet , Gogoi Rini , Das Monaspika , Saikia Priyanka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Mob lynching is violence by a crowd that results in the killing or maiming of a person or persons charged with or suspected of a crime. Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment to the accused or suspected person by a crowd or informal group without having any legal authority. In India, lynching and mob violence generally replicate internal tensions between several racial communities.

Objectives:
The objectives of the study are to check the attitude and gender differences and to see the predictors of mob lynching among the general population of India The study assessed the knowledge, attitude and perception of mob lynching among the general population of India.

Materials and Methods:
A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among 150 adults from March 3, 2022, to September 28, 2022. The survey was conducted online using a Google Form distributed through social media platform (E-mails, Whatsapp, or Messenger application). Participants aged 18 years and above, both male and female, consenting to participate in the study and able to understand English were included in the study. The survey took approximately 5–10 min to complete.

Results:
The findings of this study shows that gender, age, family income, religion, ethnicity, and education as variables that contributed significantly to the prediction of mob lynching among the general population of India [F (6,143) = 4.766; P < 0.01] at 16.7% (R
2 = 0.167) variance. The remaining 83.3% was attributed to the variables not included in the study.

Conclusion:
The study also indicates that most of the cases of mob lynching are committed due to fake news, rumors, and hate speeches that are circulated on social media.
Slump Sitting X-ray
Authors: Dhar Sanjay , Kumar Anirudh , Kale Sachin Yashwant , Kandagatla Sachin , Pandey Akshat , Johri Taarini 
Published: May 2024

Study Design:
This was a prospective study.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to introduce a new slump sitting method radiographs and to compare the angular range of motion (ROM) and displacement between conventional flexion view method and slump sitting radiograph.

Overview of Literature:
Most patients have mechanical low back pain and lumbar instability is considered to be responsible for most chronic and recurrent pain. Dynamic radiographs have been used to identify spinal instability.

Methods:
After ethics committee permission, this study was initiated. Sixty patients were enrolled in the study after obtaining written informed consent. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: the first group underwent slump view then conventional view, and the second group underwent conventional view then slump view followed all patient’s extension radiographs taken. Angular and displacement measurements of the lumbar spine were carried out and compared.

Results:
Of 60 patients, 40 patients and 26 patients were found instability with slump radiographs and conventional flexion radiographs, respectively. When slump and conventional method were compared, the lumbar flexions were larger in slump radiographs. There were 22.35° of additional global flexion (L1/S1) (P < 0.0001) in slump radiographs when compared with conventional radiographs. Greater global flexion using slump method was found at all lumbar segments with L1/L2 contributing 1.15°; P = 0.009, L2/L3 contributing 3.41°; P < 0001, L3/L4 contributing 5.25°; P < 0.001, L4/L5 5.23°; P < 0.001 with the main contributor being L5/S1 7.41°; P < 0001. When slump and conventional method were compared in terms of displacement, there were no significant differences.

Conclusion:
The slump siting radiographs in lumbar spine instability effectively show the increase in global flexion with significant improvement in segmental flexion. Slump siting radiograph produces more stress in the entire lumbar spine, especially in lower lumbar spine to diagnose lumbar spine instability. Hence, slump sitting dynamic radiograph was shown to be superior to the conventional forward flexion method in measuring the angular ROM and noninferior to the conventional method in the measurement of displacement
Digital eye strain and its determinants among medical staff and medical student: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yasir Ziaul Haq , Sharma Rakesh , Kesarwani Divya , Gupta Shraddha , Gupta Kiran , Leong Pick Ling Marinette 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To determine the status of Digital Eye Strain (DES) among medical college staff and medical students.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted. Those with congenital eye disease, history of previous eye trauma, ocular diseases other than myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism were excluded. Inform consent was taken. Questions on demographics, frequency and pattern of computer usage and ocular discomfort were enquired. DES was graded as absent, Mild, Moderate and Severe. We used a p-value of<0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
Out of 455 enrolled, 452 (99.3%) completed the survey. 342 (75.7%) were aged between 21 to 30 years and 304 (67.3%) were medical student. Females were 244 (54%). Out of total 452 participants, 340 claimed that they had experienced at least one symptom of DES Overall prevalence was 75.2% (CI 95% 0.71: 0.79). participants aged ≥40 (P < 0.002), an female (P < 0.0001), refractive error (P< 0.0016), dry eye (P< 0.0024) and screen time ≥5 hours per day (P< 0.0005) were significantly associated to DES. Common complaints of DES included headache (51%) andmusculoskeletal pain (47%). DES was statistically significant among those who don’t take break (P < 0.0016) and among non user of lubricant (P < 0.0001) Regression analysis for DES was found to be effected by female > age > hour of screen use > dry eye > refractive error.

Conclusion:
DES is highly prevalent among medical students and medical staff. DES was affected by female, age, hour of screen use, dry eye and refractive error.