bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How dogs know when communication is intended for them
Authors: Kaminski Juliane , Schulz Linda , Tomasello Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDomestic dogs comprehend human gestural communication in a way that other animal species do not. But little is known about the specific cues they use to determine when human communication is intended for them. In a series of four studies, we confronted both adult dogs and young dog puppies with object choice tasks in which a human indicated one of two opaque cups by either pointing to it or gazing at it. We varied whether the communicator made eye contact with the dog in association with the gesture (or whether her back was turned or her eyes were directed at another recipient) and whether the communicator called the dog’s name (or the name of another recipient). Results demonstrated the importance of eye contact in human–dog communication, and, to a lesser extent, the calling of the dog’s name – with no difference between adult dogs and young puppies – which are precisely the communicative cues used by human infants for identifying communicative intent. Unlike human children, however, dogs did not seem to comprehend the human’s communicative gesture when it was directed to another human, perhaps because dogs view all human communicative acts as directives for the recipient.
Early childhood cognitive development and parental cognitive stimulation: evidence for reciprocal gene–environment transactions
Authors: Tucker‐Drob Elliot M. , Harden K. Paige 
Published: November 2011

AbstractParenting is traditionally conceptualized as an exogenous environment that affects child development. However, children can also influence the quality of parenting that they receive. Using longitudinal data from 650 identical and fraternal twin pairs, we found that, controlling for cognitive ability at age 2 years, cognitive stimulation by parents (coded from video recorded behaviors during a dyadic task) at 2 years predicted subsequent reading ability at age 4 years. Moreover, controlling for cognitive stimulation at 2 years, children’s cognitive ability at 2 years predicted the quality of stimulation received from their parents at 4 years. Genetic and environmental factors differentially contributed to these effects. Parenting influenced subsequent cognitive development through a family‐level environmental pathway, whereas children’s cognitive ability influenced subsequent parenting through a genetic pathway. These results suggest that genetic influences on cognitive development occur through a transactional process, in which genetic predispositions lead children to evoke cognitively stimulating experiences from their environments.
Relationship between food intake and cutaneous solar elastosis adjacent to basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Husein‐ElAhmed H. , Aneiros‐Fernandez J. , Gutierrez‐Salmeron M.T. , Aneiros‐Cachaza J. , Naranjo‐Sintes R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground/Objective  Studies suggest that diet may influence in skin ageing and skin appearance. However, the effect of diet in the elastotic changes of dermis, which is the main histological sign of ageing, has not been studied previously. The objective was to investigate if the dietary habits influence the dermal elastosis observed in BCCs.Materials and methods  The 136 patients with facial BCCs, who underwent surgery, were interviewed to assess the consumption of fruit, vegetables, fat, red meat, coffee and tea. We reviewed 136 specimens of BCC to identify the presence of solar elastosis. We also analysed clinical variables such as gender, age, phototype and smoking.Results  Severe solar elastosis was found in 22 patients (16%), middle reticular dermis in 37 (27 %) and 77 patients (57%) had abscence or light elastosis. Fat consumption was reported by most of participants from our sample, while fruit and tea consumption was less common. Intakes of fat, vegetables and coffee were not associated with the grade of elastosis whereas Vitamin E and C‐rich fruits and tea were correlated with less risk of elastosis. Smokers showed higher grades of elastosis than non‐smokers.Conclusion  Our study provides evidence that the presence of dermal elastosis and cutaneous ageing may be influenced by the type of food intake: Vitamin E and C‐rich fruit and tea are positively associated with less elastosis.
Informing evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines for children with cerebral palsy at risk of osteoporosis: a systematic review
Authors: FEHLINGS DARCY , SWITZER LAUREN , AGARWAL PAYAL , WONG CHARLES , SOCHETT ETIENNE , STEVENSON RICHARD , SONNENBERG LYN , SMILE SHARON , YOUNG ELIZABETH , HUBER JOELENE , MILO‐MANSON GOLDA , KUWAIK GHASSAN ABU , GAEBLER DEBORAH 
Published: November 2011

Aim  The aim of this systematic review was to inform evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and low bone mineral density (BMD).Method  A computer‐assisted literature search was focused on low BMD in children with CP, and was limited to the following interventions: weight‐bearing activities, bisphosphonate use, and vitamin D or calcium supplementation. Articles were classified according to American Academy of Neurology guidelines and recommendation classifications were given based on the evidence for the intervention increasing BMD and decreasing fragility fractures. Studies were included if they were English‐language full‐text studies, focused on children with CP, and included at least 10 participants receiving the studied interventions.Results  Twenty‐one articles underwent full‐text review and data abstraction, including seven studies of weight‐bearing activities, five studies of vitamin D or calcium supplementation, and nine studies of bisphosphonates administration. Overall, the evidence that bisphosphonates administration increases BMD was assessed as level B (probable) while the evidence that vitamin D or calcium supplementation does so was assessed as level C (possible); there was insufficient evidence to suggest that weight‐bearing activities are an effective intervention to improve BMD. The evidence that bisphosphonates help to prevent fragility fractures was assessed as level C (possible); there was inadequate evidence to support the use of weight‐bearing activities or vitamin D or calcium supplementation to decrease fragility fractures.Interpretation  Evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines were created outlining the suggested role of weight‐bearing activities, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, and bisphosphonate use for children with CP with low BMD at risk of fragility fractures.
Single‐event multilevel surgery for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: MCGINLEY JENNIFER L , DOBSON FIONA , GANESHALINGAM REKHA , SHORE BENJAMIN J , RUTZ ERICH , GRAHAM H KERR 
Published: November 2011

Aim  To conduct a systematic review of single‐event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) for children with cerebral palsy, with the aim of evaluating the quality of the evidence and developing recommendations for future research.Method  The systematic review was conducted using standard search and extraction methods in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane electronic databases. For the purposes of this review, SEMLS was defined as two or more soft‐tissue or bony surgical procedures at two or more anatomical levels during one operative procedure, requiring only one hospital admission and one period of rehabilitation. Studies were included if: (1) the primary focus was to examine the effect of SEMLS in children with cerebral palsy; (2) the results focused on multiple anatomic levels and reported findings of one or more World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains. Studies that focused on a single intervention or level, or on the utility of a specific outcome measure were excluded. Study quality was appraised with the Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies (MINORS) and the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine scale. The review also examined the reporting of surgery, adverse events, and rehabilitation.Results  Thirty‐one studies fulfilled the criteria for inclusion, over the period 1985 to October 2010. The MINORS score for these studies varied from 4 to 19, with marked variation in the quality of reporting. Study quality has improved over recent years. Valid measures of gait and function have been introduced and several of the most recent studies have addressed multiple dimensions of the ICF. A statistical synthesis of the outcome data was not conducted, although a trend towards favourable outcomes in gait was evident. Caution is advised with interpretation owing to the variable study quality. Uncontrolled studies may have resulted in an overestimation of treatment efficacy.Interpretation  The design and reporting of studies of SEMLS are improving with the development of multidisciplinary teamwork and frameworks such as the ICF. However, the evidence base is limited by the lack of randomized clinical trials, especially when compared with other surgical interventions such as selective dorsal rhizotomy.
Osseointegration of SLActive implants in diabetic pigs
Authors: Schlegel K. A. , Prechtl C. , Möst T. , Seidl C. , Lutz R. , von Wilmowsky C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectivesDiabetes mellitus is currently classified as a relative contraindication for implant treatment because of microangiopathies with the consequence of impaired bone regeneration and higher rates of implant failure. The study aim was to investigate peri‐implant bone formation in a diabetic animal model in comparison to healthy animals and to evaluate the differences between conventional (SLA®) and modified (SLActive®) titanium implant surfaces on osseointegration.Material and methodsEach six implants were placed in the calvaria of 11 diabetic and 4 healthy domestic pigs. At 30 and 90 days after implant placement, the bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone density (BD) were appraised. Additionally, the expression of the bone‐matrix proteins collagen type I and osteocalcin was evaluated at both points in time by using immunohistochemical staining methods.ResultsOverall, BIC was reduced in the diabetic group at 30 and 90 days. After 90 days, the SLActive® implants showed significantly higher BICs compared with the SLA® implants in diabetic animals. Peri‐implant BD was higher in the SLActive® group at 30 and 90 days in healthy and diabetic animals. Collagen type I protein expression was higher using SLA® implants in diabetic pigs at 30 days. Values for osteocalcin expression were not consistent.ConclusionsThe results indicate the negative effect of untreated diabetes mellitus on early osseointegration of dental implants. The modified SLA® surface (SLActive®) elicited an accelerated osseointegration of dental implants, suggesting that a better prognosis for implant treatment of diabetic patients is possible.
Habitat Associations and Community Structure of Dipterocarps in Response to Environment and Soil Conditions in Brunei Darussalam, Northwest Borneo
Authors: Sukri Rahayu S. , Wahab Rodzay A. , Salim Kamariah A. , Burslem David F. R. P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPlant habitat associations are well documented in Bornean lowland tropical forests, but few studies contrast the prevalence of associations across sites. We examined habitat associations and community composition of Dipterocarpaceae trees in two contrasting Bornean lowland mixed dipterocarp forests separated by approximately 100 km: Andulau (uniform topography, lower altitudinal range, sandy soils) and Belalong (highly dissected topography, higher altitudinal range, clay‐rich soils). Dipterocarpaceae trees ≥ 1 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) were censused in 20‐m wide belt transects established along topographic gradients at each site. Dipterocarp density, evenness, species richness, and diversity were significantly higher at Andulau than Belalong. Significant site associations (with either Andulau or Belalong) were detected for 19 (52%) of the 37 dipterocarp species tested. Dipterocarpaceae community composition at Belalong correlated with soil nutrient concentrations as well as measures of vegetation and topographic structure, but community composition at Andulau correlated with fewer habitat variables. Within each site, dipterocarp density, species richness, and diversity were consistently higher on ridges than in slopes and valleys. Significant within‐site associations to topographic habitats were less common at Andulau (10% of species tested) than at Belalong (15%). We conclude that edaphic and other environmental factors influence dipterocarp community composition at a local scale, and are more important drivers of community structure in the more variable environment at Belalong. Species richness and diversity of dipterocarps on small plots, however, were higher at Andulau, suggesting that factors other than environmental heterogeneity contribute to contrasts in dipterocarp tree species richness at small scales.
Current Status of Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Asia
Authors: Sharma Vijay K. , Ng Kay W. P. , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Saqqur Maher , Teoh Hock L. , Kaul Subash , Srivastava Padma M. V. , Sergentanis Theodoris , Suwanwela Nijasri , Nguyen Thang H. , Lawrence Wong K. S. , Chan Bernard P. L. 
Published: November 2011

Background Data regarding thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in Asia are scarce and only a small percentage of patients are thrombolysed. The dose of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) in Asia remains controversial. Case-controlled observation studies in Asia included only Japanese patients and suggested the clinical efficacy and safety of low-dose IV-tPA (0·6 mg/kg body weight; max 60 mg) comparable to standard dose (0·9 mg/kg body weight; max. 90 mg). Reduced treatment cost, lower symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage risk and comparable efficacy encouraged many Asian centers to adopt low-dose or even variable-dose IV-tPA regimens. We evaluated various Asian thrombolysis studies and compared with SITS-MOST registry and NINDS trial. Methods We included the published studies on acute ischemic stroke thrombolysis in Asia. Unadjusted relative risks and 95% Confidence intervals were calculated for each study. Pooled estimates from random effects models were used because the tests for heterogeneity were significant. Results We found only 18 publications regarding acute ischemic stroke thrombolysis in Asia that included total of 9300 patients. Owing to ethnic differences, stroke severity, small number of cases in individual reports, outcome measures and tPA dose regimes, it is difficult to compare these studies. Functional outcomes were almost similar (to Japanese studies) when lower-dose IV-tPA was used in non-Japanese populations across Asia. Interestingly, with standard dose IV-tPA, considerably better functional outcomes were observed, without increasing symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage rates. Conclusions Variable dose regimens of IV-tPA are used across Asia without any reliable or established evidence. Establishing a uniform IV-tPA regimen is essential since the rapid improvements in health-care facilities and public awareness are expected to increase the rates of thrombolysis in Asia.
Impact of Anticoagulation before Stroke on Stroke Severity and Long-Term Survival
Authors: Haeusler Karl Georg , Konieczny Maria , Endres Matthias , Villringer Arno , Heuschmann Peter U. 
Published: November 2011

Background Therapeutic anticoagulation by vitamin K antagonists is highly effective in reducing stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. Vitamin K antagonist treatment before stroke reduces stroke severity and short-term mortality. Aims This study analyses vitamin K antagonists, used in patients with atrial fibrillation diagnosed before the index stroke. We also focus on the impact of preadmission anti-thrombotic medication on long-term survival. Methods We analyzed 2390 stroke patients consecutively admitted to the Department of Neurology, Charité Berlin, Germany between 2003 and 2004. Mean follow-up was 38 months (range 0–68). Using univariable and multivariable regression models, we identified factors for preadmission anticoagulation in patients with known atrial fibrillation and analyzed the impact of antithrombotic therapy preadmission on functional disability and long-term survival after stroke. Results Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 534 (22.3%) of the 2390 stroke patients. In 348 (65.2%) of all atrial fibrillation patients, atrial fibrillation was already known before the index stroke. Three hundred twenty-five (93.4%) atrial fibrillation patients were amenable to anticoagulation, according to guidelines, 75 (23.1%) received vitamin K antagonists, and 20 (6.2%) had an international normalized ratio of 2–3 at the time of stroke onset. Males and younger patients were more likely to receive anticoagulation preadmission, while previous stroke had no significant impact on vitamin K antagonist prescription. Age (odds ratio 1.02 (95% confidence interval 1.00–1.04) per year), history of coronary artery disease (odds ratio 1.51 (95% confidence interval 1.01–2.26)), and therapeutic anticoagulation (odds ratio 0.28 (0.09–0.84)) were independent predictors of stroke severity. Age (hazard rates 3.11 (95% confidence interval 1.47–6.59), 4.65 (95% confidence interval 2.27–9.57), and 11.1 (95% confidence interval 4.90–25.1) for age categories 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years), preadmission antiplatelet therapy (hazard rate 1.85 (95% confidence interval 1.21–2.82)), and stroke severity on admission (hazard rate 1.60 (95% confidence interval 1.03–2.46) and hazard rate 3.23 (95% confidence interval 1.88–5.55) for National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale categories 6–15 and >15 points) were associated with risk of death during follow-up. Conclusions In patients in which atrial fibrillation was diagnosed prior to the index stroke, about 23% received anticoagulation according to guideline recommendations. Therapeutic anticoagulation at stroke onset significantly decreased the risk of moderate to severe stroke on admission but showed no significant association with long-term survival.
Detection of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus Infection in different age groups by using rapid influenza diagnostic tests
Authors: Gao Fengxiang , Loring Carol , Laviolette Michael , Bolton Denise , Daly Elizabeth R. , Bean Christine 
Published: November 2011

Please cite this paper as: Gao et al. (2011) Detection of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus Infection in different age groups by using rapid influenza diagnostic tests. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), e30–e34.Background  The performance of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) in detecting influenza A(H1N1) 2009 has varied widely. Evaluations of RIDTs among infected individuals across all age groups have not been described in depth.Objectives  Determine RIDT clinical sensitivity in comparison with influenza detection using real‐time RT‐PCR among patients infected with influenza A(H1N1) 2009 across all age groups.Study design  This study analyzed respiratory specimens received by the New Hampshire Public Health Laboratories (NHPHL) from September 1, 2009, through December 31, 2009. RIDT performance was evaluated among different age groups of patients determined to be infected with influenza A (H1N1) 2009, and the association between age and RIDT sensitivity was determined.Results  Of 1373 specimens examined, 269 tested positive for influenza A(H1N1) 2009 by real‐time RT‐PCR (rRT‐PCR) and had RIDT results available. Overall clinical sensitivity and specificity of RIDTs were 53·9 and 98·5%, respectively. By age group, clinical sensitivity was 85·7% in patients <2 years old, 60·3% in patients between 2‐ and 39 years old, and 33·3% in patients aged 40 and older. Logistic regression analysis indicated that increasing age was negatively associated with RIDT performance.Conclusion  Rapid influenza diagnostic test sensitivity decreased significantly with increasing age. Findings from this study may impact a clinician’s interpretation of RIDT test results and ultimately have implications in clinical decision‐making.
Standard of practice on laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery in Korea and Japan: Experts’ survey
Authors: Lee HJ , Shiraishi N , Kim HH , Hiki N , Uyama I , Choi SH , Yang HK , Kitano S 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroductionAs the laparoscopic approach has become a popular gastric cancer treatment in Korea and Japan, the need for sharing current practices of surgeons who are experienced in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery has increased.MethodsWe sent a questionnaire on laparoscopic instruments, image documentation, preoperative evaluation, surgical indication, operative methods, and postoperative management to laparoscopic experts in Korea and Japan, and 24 (14 from Korea and 10 from Japan) responded.ResultsEndoscopic ultrasound and preoperative endoscopy‐guided clipping are routinely employed, respectively, by 14 (58%) and 20 (83%) of the surgeons. Surgeons perform laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) based on varying indications. Five surgeons (21%) performed LADG only for cases of stage T1 cancer, 15 (63%) performed LADG on patients with less than T2 lesions, and 4 (17%) performed LADG on patients with less than T3 lesions. With regard to postoperative anastomosis, 18 surgeons (75%) preferred extracorporeal anastomosis and 6 (25%) preferred intracorporeal anastomosis. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.5 days in Korea and 10.1 days in Japan (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis survey can help to inform the current practice of laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery in Korea and Japan, where laparoscopic surgery is frequently performed.
Blastomyces dermatitidis Antigen Detection by Quantitative Enzyme Immunoassay
Authors: Connolly Patricia , Hage Chadi A. , Bariola J. Ryan , Bensadoun Eric , Rodgers Mark , Bradsher Robert W. , Wheat L. Joseph 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

The second-generation MVista
Blastomyces
antigen enzyme immunoassay was not quantitative; therefore, specimens obtained previously were tested in the same assay as new specimens to assess the change in antigen levels. Furthermore, the sensitivity in serum had not been fully evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a quantitative
Blastomyces
antigen assay and detection of antigen in serum. Calibrators containing known concentrations of
Blastomyces
galactomannan were used to quantify antigen in urine and serum from patients with proven blastomycosis and from controls. Paired current and previously obtained urine specimens were tested to determine if quantification eliminated the need for concurrent testing to assess change in antigen. Pretreatment of serum with EDTA at 104°C was evaluated to determine if dissociation of immune complexes improved detection of antigenemia. Antigenuria was detected in 89.9% of patients with culture- or histopathology-proven blastomycosis. Specificity was 99.0% in patients with nonfungal infections and healthy subjects, but cross-reactions occurred in 95.6% of patients with histoplasmosis. Change in antigen level categorized as increase, no change, or decrease based on antigen units determined in the same assay agreed closely with the category of change in ng/ml determined from different assays. Pretreatment increased the sensitivity of detection of antigenemia from 35.7% to 57.1%. Quantification eliminated the need for concurrent testing of current and previously obtained specimens for assessment of changes in antigen concentration. Pretreatment increased the sensitivity for detection of antigenemia. Differentiation of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis is not possible by antigen detection.