bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallboranate und Boranatometallate. IX [1]; Äther‐Addukte von Tris(boranato)‐titan(III) und dimere Alkoxy‐bis(boranato)‐titan(III)‐Verbindungen
Authors: Franz K. , Fusstetter H. , Nöth H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Die Umsetzung von TiCl4 mit LiBH4 in Äther liefert flüchtiges Ti(BH4)3 · O(C2H5)2, dessen Äther durch stärkere Basen (Tetrahydrofuran (THF), Dimethoxyäthan, o‐Dimethoxybenzol, Pyridin) verdrängt wird. Mit THF entsteht je nach Molverhältnis ein 1:1‐ oder ein 1:2‐Addukt. Pyridin gibt ein 1:2‐Addukt und entfernt außerdem BH3‐Gruppen aus Ti(BH4)3. Ti(BH4)3 · 2 THF erhält man am besten aus Ti(OiC3H7)4 und Diboran in THF. In Äther durchgeführt, bleibt die Reaktion auf der Stufe von Isopropyloxybis(boranato)titan(III) stehen. Nach demselben Verfahren wurden die Äthyloxy‐, butyloxy‐ und tert.‐butyloxy‐Verbindungen erhalten, die sich alle als dimer erwiesen. Versuche zur Darstellung von CH3OTi(BH4)2 werden beschrieben.Die NMR‐, IR‐ und UV‐Spektren der Verbindungen werden diskutiert.Metal Tetrahydroborates and Tetrahydroboratometallates. IX. Ether Adducts of Tris‐(tetrahydroborato)titanium(III) and Dimeric Alkoxy‐bis(tetrahydroborato)titanium(III) CompoundsAbstract. The reaction of TiCl4 with LiBH4 in ether solution yields volatile Ti(BH4)3 · O(C2H5)2, the ether of which can be displaced by stronger bases (tetrahydrofurane (THF), dimethoxyethane, o‐dimethoxybenzene, pyridine). Depending on the molar ratio used 1:1‐ and 1:2 adducts of THF were formed. Pyridine yields a 1:2 adduct and removes BH3 groups from Ti(BH4)3.Ti(BH4)3 · 2 THF is best obtained from Ti(OiC3H7)4 and diborane in THF. This reaction carried out in ether solution, stops at the intermediate isopropyloxy‐bis(tetrahydroborato)titanium(III). The same procedure yields the ethyloxy‐, butyloxy‐ and the tert.‐butyloxy compound, all of them proved to be dimeric. Experiments for preparing CH3OTi(BH4)2 are described also.The n.m.r., i.r. and u.v. spectra of the compounds are discussed.
Das Verhalten von Mono‐ und Diorganylphosphansulfiden gegenüber Metallcarbonylsystemen. VIII [1]; Die Kristall‐ und Molekülstruktur von Pentacarbonyl(dimethylmercaptophosphan)‐chrom
Authors: Meier W.‐P. , Strähle J. , Lindner E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Die S‐verknüpfte Verbindung (OC)3CrSPH(CH3)2 isomerisiert sich oberhalb 25°C zu dem Mercaptophosphan‐Komplex (OC)5CrP(CH3)2SH. Dieser kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P21/c mit den Citterkonstanten a = 6,882, b = 13,290, c = 13,224 Å, β = 91,60° und vier Molekeln in der Elementarzelle. In der Kristallstruktur (R = 0,085) sind die Chromatome pseudooktaedrisch koordiniert von fünf CO‐Gruppen und dem Mercaptophosphanliganden (Cr—P = 2,344 Å).The Behaviour of Mono‐ and Diorganylphosphane Sulphides towards Metal Carbonyl Systems. VIII. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Pentacarbonyl(dimethylmereaptophosphane) chromiumAbstract. The S‐linked compound (OC)5CrSPH(CH3)2 isomerizes to the mercaptophosphane complex (OC)5CrP(CH3)2SH above 25°C. The latter crystallizes monoclinic in the space group P21/c with the lattice constants a = 6.882, b = 13.290, c = 13.224 Å, β = 91.60° and four molecules per unit cell. In the crystal structure (R = 0.085) the chromium atoms are pseudooctahedrally coordinated by five CO groups and the mercaptophosphane ligand (Cr—P) = 2.344 Å).
121Sb‐Mössbauer‐Spektren sechsfach koordinierter Antimon(V)‐Verbindungen
Authors: Pebler J. , Schmidt K. , Nadler H.‐G. , Dehnicke K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Die bei 4,2 K erhaltenen 121Sb‐Mössbauer‐Spektren von 7 verbrückten zweikernigen sowie einem einkernigen Antimon(V)‐Komplex werden mitgeteilt und die der Isomerieverschiebung und der Quadrupolaufspaltung zu entnehmenden Informationen mit den Struktur‐ und Bindungsverhältnissen korreliert.121Sb Mössbauer Spectra of Sixfold Coordinated Antimony(V) CompoundsAbstract. The resonance absorption of the 37.2keV line of 121Sb was investigated in seven organometallic binuclear, bridged Sb complexes together with a mononuclear Sb complex at 4.2 K. The isomeric chemical shift and the quadrupole splittings were measured and informations were obtained on the structure of the compounds and the nature of the chemical bond.
Über Blei(II)‐oxid‐ und ‐hydroxidchloride
Authors: Tavernier B. H. , De Jaeger N. C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Bei der Reaktion von tetragonalem Blei(II)‐oxid in wäßriger Suspension mit Calciumchlorid oder mit Ammoniumchlorid lassen sich für molare Verhältnisse Cl–/PbO bis zu 4/1 nur drei kristalline basische Blei(II)‐chloride in der festen Phase mit den Pb/Cl‐Verhältnissen von 3,5, 2,0 bzw. 1,0 nachweisen.Lead(II) Oxide and Hydroxide ChlorideAbstract. In the reaction between tetragonal lead(II) oxide in aqueous suspension and calcium chloride, or ammonium chloride, and for molar ratios of Cl–/PbO up to 4/1 only three kinds of crystalline basic lead chlorides are detectable in the solid phase with Pb/Cl ratios of 3.5, 2.0 and 1.0, respectively.
Dünnschichtchromatographie der Cyclophosphazene auf Silicagel. III; Zur Trennung der Oligomeren Bromo‐Cyclophosphazene (NPBr2)n (n =3–16)
Authors: Novobilský V. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Es wurde eine Methode der Trennung von Bromo‐Cyclophosphazengemischen mittels Dünnschichtchromatographie auf Silicagel ausgearbeitet, wobei zur Entwicklung das System Cyclohexan‐Benzol (9:1) und zum Nachweis ein Pyridin‐Anilin (1:2) Gemisch angewendet wird. Durch die beschriebene Methode können in dem Reaktionsgemisch, das bei der Herstellung von Bromo‐Cyclophosphazenen anfällt, bis 15 Stoffe festgestellt werden.Thin Layer Chromatography of Cyclophosphazenes. III. Separation of Bromo‐Cyclophosphazenes (NPBr2)n (n = 3–16)Abstract. This paper presents a separation study of bromo‐cyclophosphazenes by means of thin layer chromatography on silica gel using a solvent composed of cyclohexan and benzene (9:1). The spots were located by pyridine‐aniline (1:2) mixture. There were found 15 substances in the mixture of bromo‐cyclophosphazenes with this characteristic colour reaction.
Complex and Rare Fracture Patterns in Perilunate Dislocations
Authors: Apostolides John G. , Lifchez Scott D. , Christy Michael R. 
Published: April 2011

Introduction The wrist represents a complex anatomic region in the upper extremity and a highly functional and intricate structural joint. Perilunate injuries have classically been described as involving a greater or lesser arc as described by Mayfield and imply a specific pattern of force transmission. The greater and lesser arc classifications do not include descriptions of when non-scaphoid carpal fractures occur as part of a perilunate injury. Methods/Results We present three cases of complex and rare perilunate fracture dislocation patterns and discuss the surgical management as a treatment model for these complex wrist injuries: the trans-scaphoid, trans-capitate perilunate dislocation, the trans-scapholunate ligament, trans-capitate dislocation, and the trans-scaphoid, transtriquetral perilunate dislocation. Discussion Although there is a low incidence of injury to non-scaphoid carpal bones, it is beneficial to understand the approach to the perilunate reduction and scaphoid fixation through a combined volar and dorsal approach, which will also allow for the reduction and fixation of more rare and complex carpal fractures.
Dietary Saury Oil Reduces Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Diabetic KKAy Mice and in Diet‐Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice by Altering Gene Expression
Authors: Yang Zhi‐Hong , Miyahara Hiroko , Takemura Shuhei , Hatanaka Akimasa 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe investigated the effect of saury oil on the alleviation of metabolic syndrome in mice. Saury oil contains 18% (w/w/) n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) and 35% (w/w) monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Diabetic KKAy mice were fed a 10% soybean oil diet (control) or a 10% saury oil diet for 4 weeks, and diet‐induced obese C57BL/6J mice were fed a high‐fat diet containing 32% lard (control) or 22% lard plus 10% saury oil for 6 weeks. After the intervention periods, the levels of glucose, insulin and lipids in plasma had decreased significantly for the saury oil diet group, and insulin sensitivity had improved. These favorable changes may be attributed to the increased adiponectin and decreased TNFα and resistin levels in plasma. The saury oil diet also resulted in downregulated expression of the lipogenic genes (SREBP‐1, SCD‐1, FAS, and ACC) as well as upregulation of the fatty acid oxidative gene, CPT‐1, and the energy expenditure‐related genes (PGC1α and PGC1β) in white adipose tissue for the diet‐induced obese C57BL/6J mice. An increase in n‐3 PUFA levels and the concomitant decrease in the n‐6/n‐3 PUFA level ratio in serum, white adipose tissue, and liver with a saury oil diet are likely to be involved in the beneficial changes to the metabolic indicators. MUFA may also play a positive role in remodeling lipid composition. Based on these mice models, our results suggest a potential use for saury oil for improving metabolic abnormalities.
Can metabolic plasticity be a cause for cancer? Warburg–Waddington legacy revisited
Authors: Bhat Paike Jayadeva , Darunte Lalit , Kareenhalli Venkatesh , Dandekar Jaswandi , Kumar Abhay 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFermentation of glucose to lactate in the presence of sufficient oxygen, known as aerobic glycolysis or Warburg effect, is a universal phenotype of cancer cells. Understanding its origin and role in cellular immortalization and transformation has attracted considerable attention in the recent past. Intriguingly, while we now know that Warburg effect is essential for tumor growth and development, it is thought to arise because of genetic and/or epigenetic changes. In contrast to the above, we propose that Warburg effect can also arise due to normal biochemical fluctuations, independent of genetic and epigenetic changes. Cells that have acquired Warburg effect proliferate rapidly to give rise to a population of heterogeneous progenitors of cancer cells. Such cells also generate more lactate and alter the fitness landscape. This dynamic fitness landscape facilitates evolution of cancer cells from its progenitors, in a fashion analogous to Darwinian evolution. Thus, sporadic cancer can also occur first by the acquisition of Warburg effect, then followed by mutation and selection. The idea proposed here circumvents the inherent difficulties associated with the current understanding of tumorigenesis, and is also consistent with many experimental and epidemiological observations. We discuss this model in the context of epigenetics as originally enunciated by Waddington.
Using cell phones to collect postpartum hemorrhage outcome data in rural Ghana
Authors: Andreatta Pamela , Debpuur Domatilla , Danquah Abraham , Perosky Joseph 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of cell phones by professional and traditional birth attendants in rural Africa for reporting postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) data.MethodsTen birth attendants from the remote Sene District of Ghana participated in the study. Subjects were trained to send Short Message Service text messages from cell phones using a simple numeric protocol to report data regarding PPH: maternal age; PPH; use of bimanual uterine compression; maternal and neonatal mortality; and prenatal care. Participants sent texts to a pre‐programmed number to report data for all births they attended over a 90‐day period.ResultsIn total, 425 births and 13 (3.1%) cases of PPH were reported during the 90‐day period after training. All attendants followed the reporting protocol correctly, although with uncertain data integrity.ConclusionThe results indicate that it is possible to train professional and traditional birth attendants to use cell phones to report health‐related outcome data via a specified protocol. Reporting from rural‐based providers may present a more accurate picture of what occurs in remote communities because it happens in real time. These findings could be exportable to other program evaluation or population‐monitoring applications (healthcare and other) where rural outcome tracking is necessary.
Conscientious commitment to women's health
Authors: Dickens Bernard M. , Cook Rebecca J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractConscientious commitment, the reverse of conscientious objection, inspires healthcare providers to overcome barriers to delivery of reproductive services to protect and advance women's health. History shows social reformers experiencing religious condemnation and imprisonment for promoting means of birth control, until access became popularly accepted. Voluntary sterilization generally followed this pattern to acceptance, but overcoming resistance to voluntary abortion calls for courage and remains challenging. The challenge is aggravated by religious doctrines that view treatment of ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and emergency contraception not by reference to women's healthcare needs, but through the lens of abortion. However, modern legal systems increasingly reject this myopic approach. Providers’ conscientious commitment is to deliver treatments directed to women's healthcare needs, giving priority to patient care over adherence to conservative religious doctrines or religious self‐interest. The development of in vitro fertilization to address childlessness further illustrates the inspiration of conscientious commitment over conservative objections.
EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING AND MICRO-DOSING OF FERTILIZER ON SORGHUM AND PEARL MILLET IN WESTERN SUDAN
Authors: AUNE JENS B. , OUSMAN ABDELRAHMAN 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe effect of seed priming and micro-dosing (the application of small amounts of mineral fertilizers) was studied in sorghum and pearl millet in on-station and on-farm experiments for three seasons under rainfed conditions in the North Kordofan State, western Sudan. Seed priming consists of soaking the seeds for eight hours in water prior to sowing. Seed priming increased sorghum grain yield in the on-station experiments across three seasons from 482 kg ha−1 to 807 kg ha−1. Micro-dosing of 0.3 g, 0.6 g and 0.9 g NPK fertilizer (17-17-17) per pocket increased sorghum grain yield by 50.4, 68.8 and 109.7% respectively compared to the control. Seed priming did not significantly increase pearl millet yield while the micro-doses of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g fertilizer increased millet yield by 31.3, 30.7 and 47% respectively. On-farm seed priming increased sorghum yields by 32.6% while seed priming plus 0.3 g fertilizer increased yields by 69.5%. For millet, the corresponding yields increased by 29.8% and 71% respectively. Fertilizer use efficiency for both crops increased remarkably with seed priming, although this effect was more apparent in sorghum than in millet. In sorghum, seed priming and the application of 0.9 g fertilizer per pocket increased the gross margin from 49.5 to 206.5 US$/ha. For millet, the gross margin increased from 44.9 in the control to 90.0 US$/ha with the combination of seed priming and 0.3 g fertilizer per pocket. These technologies are simple to apply; they offer low financial cost and low risk and are affordable for resource-poor farmers.
EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING AND MICRO-DOSING OF FERTILIZER ON GROUNDNUT, SESAME AND COWPEA IN WESTERN SUDAN
Authors: OUSMAN ABDELRAHMAN , AUNE JENS B. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe effect of seed priming and micro-dosing in groundnut, cowpea and sesame was studied for three years in on-farm and on station experiments under rainfed agriculture in North Kordofan, Sudan. The on-station trials showed that seed priming increased groundnut pod and hay yields by 18% and 20% respectively. Micro-dosing of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g fertilizer per pocket increased groundnut pod yield across the three years by 36.7, 67.6 and 50.8% respectively compared to the control. The highest yield increases were consistently obtained when micro-dosing was combined with seed priming. A combination of seed priming and micro-dosing of 0.6 g increased groundnut yield by 106%. Priming alone did not significantly affect sesame seed or hay yield, but micro-dosing of 0.6 g per pocket increased the grain yield by 38% over the control. Cowpea grain yield in the on-station experiments was not significantly affected by seed priming or micro-dosing. However, both seed priming and micro-dosing increased cowpea hay yield. In the on-farm trials, seed priming increased groundnut and cowpea yields by 18.2 and 25.5% respectively, and seed priming combined with 0.3 g fertilizer increased their yields by 42.2 and 54.5% respectively compared to the control. For sesame the yield increase after 0.3 g fertilizer per pocket was 46.3%. The economic analyses of the on-station experiments showed that the highest gross margin was obtained when combining seed priming with 0.6 g micro-dosing for all the crops. These results show that the combination of micro-dosing and seed priming has the potential to increase productivity and improve net return in the crops tested.
Popular Participation in State Formation: Land Reform in Revolutionary Mexico
Authors: BAITENMANN HELGA 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLand reform efforts during the armed phase of the Mexican revolution (1910–20) remain largely overshadowed by the more dramatic events of the period. Based on records held in the Archivo General Agrario in Mexico City, this article shows how villagers in different parts of Mexico negotiated their claims to land with various revolutionary regimes during the armed struggle, with particular attention to the local committees created to measure land boundaries, conduct village censuses and distribute land. These negotiations between agrarian officials and villagers laid the foundations for the first post-revolutionary national administration. The emergent federal agrarian offices doubled as a legislative branch of government, assumed quasi-judicial functions and restricted the role of municipal and state governments – qualities that would characterise Mexico's agrarian reform for the next 70 years. In highlighting the ways that early land reform efforts contributed to state formation, this article questions the current social science inclination to ‘decentre’ Mexico's post-revolutionary regime.
Chachawarmi: Silence and Rival Voices on Decolonisation and Gender Politics in Andean Bolivia
Authors: BURMAN ANDERS 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article addresses the ‘coloniality of gender’ in relation to rearticulated indigenous Aymara gender notions in contemporary Bolivia. While female indigenous activists tend to relate the subordination of women to colonialism and to see an emancipatory potential in the current process of decolonisation, there are middle-class advocates for gender equality and feminist activists who seem to fear that the ‘decolonising politics’ of the Evo Morales administration would abandon indigenous women to their ‘traditional’ silenced subordination within male-dominated structures. From the dynamics of indigenous decolonial projections, feminist critiques, middle-class misgivings and state politics, the article explores the implications of these different discourses on colonialism, decolonisation and women's subordination.
Quetzaltenango's First Mayan Mayor: Transforming Political Culture and the Politics of Belonging?
Authors: RASCH ELISABET DUEHOLM 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of ethnic political mobilisation in Latin America, this article examines how, as Quetzaltenango's first Mayan mayor, Rigoberto Quemé Chay transformed two interrelated dimensions of citizenship: political culture and the politics of belonging. It analyses the way in which citizenship is constituted at three levels. The first is within Xel-jú as an indigenous political organisation whose practices contrast withladinoways of doing politics. The second is in relation to internal divisions between the militant indigenous line and the intercultural group. The third is within Xel-jú as a city-centred, middle-class-oriented indigenous organisation rather than a rural, indigenous community organisation. This article argues that transformations in citizenship are limited by the political, economic and ethnic context, and that overlapping systems of repression still prevent the participation of marginalised groups in Quetzaltenango.
Large-time dynamics for the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation
Authors: Burq Nicolas 
Published: April 2011

Famous results by Rademacher, Kolmogorov and Paley and Zygmund state that random series on the torus enjoy better Lp bounds that the deterministic bounds. We present a natural extension of these harmonic analysis results to a partial-differential-equations setting. Specifically, we consider the one-dimensional nonlinear harmonic oscillator i∂tu + Δu − |x|2u = |u|r−1u, and exhibit examples for which the solutions are better behaved for randomly chosen initial data than would be predicted by the deterministic theory. In particular, on a deterministic point of view, the nonlinear harmonic oscillator equation is well posed in L2(ℝ) if and only if r ≤ 5. However, we shall prove that, for all nonlinearities |u|r−1u, r > 1, not only is the equation well posed for a large set of initial data whose Sobolev regularity is below L2, but also the flows enjoy very nice large-time probabilistic behaviour.These results are joint work with Laurent Thomann and Nikolay Tzvetkov.
Incidences in Three Dimensions and Distinct Distances in the Plane
Authors: ELEKES GYÖRGY , SHARIR MICHA 
Published: April 2011

We first describe a reduction from the problem of lower-bounding the number of distinct distances determined by a set S of s points in the plane to an incidence problem between points and a certain class of helices (or parabolas) in three dimensions. We offer conjectures involving the new set-up, but are still unable to fully resolve them.Instead, we adapt the recent new algebraic analysis technique of Guth and Katz [9], as further developed by Elekes, Kaplan and Sharir [6], to obtain sharp bounds on the number of incidences between these helices or parabolas and points in ℝ3. Applying these bounds, we obtain, among several other results, the upper bound O(s3) on the number of rotations (rigid motions) which map (at least) three points of S to three other points of S. In fact, we show that the number of such rotations which map at least k ≥ 3 points of S to k other points of S is close to O(s3/k12/7).One of our unresolved conjectures is that this number is O(s3/k2), for k ≥ 2. If true, it would imply the lower bound Ω(s/logs) on the number of distinct distances in the plane.
Evolution as computation: integrating self-organization with generalized Darwinism
Authors: BEINHOCKER ERIC D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:Generalized Darwinism and self-organization have been positioned as competing frameworks for explaining processes of economic and institutional change. Proponents of each view question the ontological validity and explanatory power of the other. This paper argues that information theory, rooted in modern thermodynamics, offers the potential to integrate these two perspectives in a common and rigorous framework. Both evolution and self-organization can be generalized as computational processes that can be applied to human social phenomena. Under this view, evolution is a process of algorithmic search through a combinatorial design space, while self-organization is the result of non-zero sum gains from information aggregation. Evolution depends on the existence of self-organizing forces, and evolution acts on designs for self-organizing structures. The framework yields insights on the role of agency and the emergence of novelty. The paper concludes that information theory may provide a fundamental ontological basis for economic and institutional evolution.