bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful obliteration and shrinkage of giant partially thrombosed basilar artery aneurysms through a tailored flow reduction strategy with bypass surgery
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu , Funaki Takeshi , Iihara Koji , Takahashi Jun C. 
Published: October 2010

Object
The authors evaluated the efficacy of a new flow reduction strategy for giant partially thrombosed upper basilar artery (BA) aneurysms, for which proximal parent artery occlusion is not always effective.

Methods
Eight consecutive patients with severely symptomatic, partially thrombosed, giant upper BA aneurysms were treated with a tailored flow reduction strategy, or received conservative therapies. The flow reduction strategy comprised isolation of several branches from the upper BA at their origins with bypasses in addition to parent artery occlusion.

Results
The median follow-up period of all 8 patients was 15.0 months (range 4–31 months). In 6 patients treated with flow reduction, the mean decrease in residual blood lumen was −10.7 mm (95% CI −19.7 to −1.7 mm; p = 0.029) and the mean decrease in diameter of the aneurysms was −11.5 mm (95% CI −25.1 to 2.1 mm; p = 0.082). Complete or virtually complete thrombosis was achieved in all but 1 aneurysm (83%) and shrinkage was observed in 4 (67%). In those in whom complete or virtually complete thrombosis was achieved, significant shrinkage of the aneurysm was observed (mean decrease in diameter −14.8 mm; 95% CI −28.8 to −0.8 mm; p = 0.043). Improvement or stabilization of symptoms occurred in 67% of the patients who received flow reduction treatment. Both patients who received conservative treatment had unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusions
The flow reduction strategy is effective at promoting complete thrombosis of the aneurysm. This strategy can also induce shrinkage of the aneurysm if successful thrombosis is achieved. Although the neurological outcome of the treatment appears favorable considering its intractable nature, further study of the treatment is necessary to confirm its clinical efficacy and safety.
Long-term outcome after resection of brainstem hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau disease
Authors: Wind Joshua J. , Bakhtian Kamran D. , Sweet Jennifer A. , Mehta Gautam U. , Thawani Jayesh P. , Asthagiri Ashok R. , Oldfield Edward H. , Lonser Russell R. 
Published: October 2010

Object
Brainstem hemangioblastomas are frequently encountered in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. These tumors can cause significant morbidity, and their optimal management has not been defined. To better define the outcome and management of these tumors, the authors analyzed the long-term results in patients who underwent resection of brainstem hemangioblastomas.

Methods
Consecutive patients with VHL disease who underwent resection of brainstem hemangioblastomas with a follow-up of 12 months or more were included in this study. Serial functional assessments, radiographic examinations, and operative records were analyzed.

Results
Forty-four patients (17 male and 27 female) underwent 51 operations for resection of 71 brainstem hemangioblastomas. The most common presenting symptoms were headache, swallowing difficulties, singultus, gait difficulties, and sensory abnormalities. The mean follow-up was 5.9 ± 5.0 years (range 1.0–20.8 years). Immediately after 34 operations (66.7%), the patients remained at their preoperative functional status; they improved after 8 operations (15.7%) and worsened after 9 operations (17.6%) as measured by the McCormick scale. Eight (88.9%) of the 9 patients who were worse immediately after resection returned to their preoperative status within 6 months. Two patients experienced functional decline during long-term follow-up (beginning at 2.5 and 5 years postoperatively) caused by extensive VHL disease–associated CNS disease.

Conclusions
Generally, resection of symptomatic brainstem hemangioblastomas is a safe and effective management strategy in patients with VHL disease. Most patients maintain their preoperative functional status, although long-term decline in functional status may occur due to VHL disease–associated progression.
On identification methods for direct data‐driven controller tuning
Authors: van Heusden Klaske , Karimi Alireza , Söderström Torsten 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn non‐iterative data‐driven controller tuning, a set of measured input/output data of the plant is used directly to identify the optimal controller that minimizes some control criterion. This approach allows the design of fixed‐order controllers, but leads to an identification problem where the input is affected by noise, and not the output as in standard identification problems. Several solutions that deal with the effect of measurement noise in this specific identification problem have been proposed in the literature. The consistency and statistical efficiency of these methods are discussed in this paper and the performance of the different methods is compared. The conclusions offer a guideline on how to solve the data‐driven controller tuning problem efficiently. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sum‐frequency spectroscopy on bulk and surface phonons of noncentrosymmetric crystals
Authors: Liu W.‐T. , Shen Y.R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractInfrared‐visible sum‐frequency spectroscopy is shown to be an effective tool to probe not only bulk phonons, but also microscopic surface phonons of noncentrosymmetric crystals. Results on α‐quartz are presented as an example. The observed surface phonons of the (0001) surface agree well with the calculated surface structure.
A tale of two vacancies
Authors: Cheng W. , Liu L. , Yu P.Y. , Ma Z.X. , Mao S.S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper we have applied first‐principle density‐functional theory to calculate some of the interesting roles played by vacancies in material properties, such as magnetic properties and complex formation. We use as examples our recent results on vacancies in group III‐V semiconductors like GaN and II‐VI semiconductor like CdTe.
A fundamental analysis of continuous flow bioreactor and membrane reactor models with non‐competitive product inhibition. II. Exponential inhibition
Authors: Nelson Mark Ian , Lim Wei Xian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe steady‐state production of a product produced through the growth of microorganisms in a continuous flow bioreactor is presented. A generalised reactor model is used in which both the classic well‐stirred bioreactor and the idealised membrane bioreactor are considered as special cases. The reaction is assumed to be governed by Monod growth kinetics subject to non‐competitive product inhibition. Inhibition is modelled as a decaying exponential function of the product concentration. This reaction scheme is well documented in the literature, although a stability analysis of the governing equations has not previously been presented. The performance of a well‐stirred bioreactor with microorganisms death is also not currently available in the literature. The steady‐state solutions for the models have been obtained, and the stability has been determined as a function of the residence time. The key dimensionless parameter (γ) that controls the degree of non‐competitive product inhibition is obtained by scaling of the equations, and its effect on the reactor performance is quantified in the limit when product inhibition is ‘small’. The parameter γ is a scaled inhibition constant (Kp) that depends upon the substrate and product yield factors and the Monod constant ($\gamma = {\alpha_{s}\over \alpha_{p}} \cdot {K_{s}\over K_{p}}$). Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A secreted variant of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein carrying a chondrodysplasia‐causing mutation (p.H587R) disrupts collagen fibrillogenesis
Authors: Hansen Uwe , Platz Nicole , Becker Alexander , Bruckner Peter , Paulsson Mats , Zaucke Frank 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveMutations in human cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) cause multiple epiphyseal dysplasia or pseudoachondroplasia. Electron microscopic analyses of patient biopsy tissue have shown that, in most cases, mutated COMP is retained in granular or lamellar inclusions in the endoplasmic reticulum of chondrocytes. However, some mutations that do not interfere with protein trafficking, resulting in normal secretion of the mutated protein, have been identified. These mutations are likely to cause the chondrodysplasia phenotype, via events that occur after secretion. The aim of the present study was to identify such extracellular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of chondrodysplasias.MethodsA mutated but secreted COMP variant, p.H587R, as well as wild‐type COMP were recombinantly expressed and purified from cell culture supernatants. Since recent studies have shown that COMP can facilitate collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro, the effect of the p.H587R mutation on this process was determined by analyzing the kinetics of fibrillogenesis in vitro and determining the structure of the collagen fibrils formed by immunogold electron microscopy.ResultsMutated p.H587R COMP accelerated fibril formation by type I collagen in vitro to a slightly greater extent than that with wild‐type COMP. However, p.H587R COMP induced aggregation and disorganization of fibril intermediates and end products. Mixtures of cartilage collagens or of type XI collagen alone produced similar results. The addition of p.H587R COMP to preformed fibrils induced aggregation and fusion of the fibrils, whereas wild‐type COMP had little effect.ConclusionThe mutant COMP variant p.H587R generally interferes with normal collagen organization during fibrillogenesis. This constitutes a novel pathogenetic mechanism of COMP‐associated chondrodysplasias.
Carbocations or Cyclopropyl Gold Carbenes in Cyclizations of Enynes
Authors: Pérez‐Galán Patricia , Martin Nolwenn J. A. , Campaña Araceli G. , Cárdenas Diego J. , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTheoretical and experimental studies on the gold(I)‐catalyzed formal [4+2] cycloaddition of dienynes are consistent with a mechanism that proceeds by means of cyclopropyl gold(I) carbenes instead of simple carbocations. This work shows that homoallylic stabilization is significant even for systems in which the tertiary carbocation is stabilized by two methyl groups.
Recent Developments in the Application of Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenases as Biocatalysts
Authors: de Gonzalo Gonzalo , Mihovilovic Marko D. , Fraaije Marco W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBaeyer–Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) represent a specific class of monooxygenases that are capable of catalyzing a variety of oxidation reactions, including Baeyer–Villiger oxidations. The recently elucidated BVMO crystal structures have provided a more detailed insight into the complex mechanism of these flavin‐containing enzymes. Biocatalytic studies on a number of newly discovered BVMOs have shown that they are very potent oxidative biocatalysts. In addition to catalyzing the regio‐ and enantioselective Baeyer–Villiger oxidations of a wide range of carbonylic compounds, epoxidations, and enantioselective sulfoxidations have also been shown to be part of their catalytic repertoire. This review provides an overview on the recent developments in BVMO‐mediated biocatalytic processes, identification of the catalytic role of these enzymes in metabolic routes and prodrug activation, as well as the efforts in developing effective biocatalytic methodologies to apply BVMOs for the synthesis of high added value compounds.
Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Release Kinetics, and Anti‐HIV Activity of A Sustained‐Release Prodrug (mPEG‐AZT) of 3′‐Azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine (AZT, Zidovudine)
Authors: Li Wenjun , Chang Yu , Zhan Peng , Zhang Na , Liu Xinyong , Pannecouque Christophe , De Clercq Erik 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugate of 3′‐azido‐3′‐ deoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine) was designed and synthesized as a novel sustained‐release prodrug. In the synthetic process, a succinate diester spacer was used to covalently couple AZT with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG; MW=2000). The conjugate was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and NMR spectroscopies and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The in vitro release was determined in hydrochloride (HCl) solution (pH 1.2) and phosphate‐buffered solution (PBS; pH 6.8), which showed the release rate of AZT from the conjugate was slower than that from the free drug, suggesting its possible increased retention in gastrointestinal conditions. Pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated experimentally by oral administration in mice. Compared to free AZT, the absorption half‐life (t$_{{1\over2}}$ka) and elimination half life (t$_{{1\over2}}$β) of AZT released from the conjugate were both extended to 0.51±0.03 h (p <0.01) and 2.94±0.24 h (p <0.01), respectively. Evaluation of the in vitro anti‐HIV activities showed mPEG‐AZT exhibited good inhibition of HIV‐1, with an EC50 value of 0.0634 μM, but it is lower than that of free AZT. These results show that the conjugate is capable of releasing the parent drug in a sustained profile, potentially providing a feasible alternative to oral administration of AZT in a clinical setting.
Strength in Numbers: Effects of Acceptor Abundance on FRET Efficiency
Authors: Fábián Ákos I. , Rente Tünde , Szöllősi János , Mátyus László , Jenei Attila 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a strongly distance‐dependent process between a donor and an acceptor molecule, which can be used for sensitive distance measurements and characterization of molecular interactions at the nanometer level. The original mathematical description of this process, however, is only valid for the interaction of one donor with one acceptor. This criterion is not always met, especially in biological systems, where multiple structures can interact simultaneously, often making distance estimations based on transfer efficiency values error‐prone. Herein we investigate how the interaction of multiple acceptors and donors influences the transfer efficiency value in an intramolecular cellular FRET system by manipulating the fluorophore/protein ratio of the fluorophore‐conjugated antibodies. We show that the labeling ratio of the acceptor has the largest influence on measured transfer efficiency and decreasing or increasing the acceptor labeling ratio can be utilized to manipulate the FRET response of the acceptor–donor pair and therefore is a tool for optimizing sensitivity of FRET measurements.
Pulse-dose application of chelated copper to a river forDidymosphenia geminatacontrol: Effects on macroinvertebrates and fish
Authors: Clearwater Susan J , Jellyman Phillip G , Biggs Barry J.F , Hickey Christopher W , Blair Neil , Clayton John S 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA 1-h pulse-dose of a chelated Cu formulation (Gemex™; New Zealand) was applied to a river to test efficacy against the invasive mat-forming diatom Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) and to provide information on nontarget species effects that could not be adequately predicted from laboratory and experimental mesocosm studies. Intensive sampling allowed characterization of doses achieved at multiple downstream locations, and concurrent application of rhodamine dye allowed quantification of dispersion, adsorption, and dilution processes. The target dose of 10 to 20 mg Cu/L for 60 min was achieved at least 0.9 km downstream at sites with contrasting levels of didymo mat development. Adsorptive losses of Gemex were 12%/km where didymo was mostly nonvisible and approximately 36%/km where substantial didymo mats were present. At 0.9 km downstream, Cu concentrations peaked at 12 mg/L, and didymo was &lt;5% viable (down from 65–72%) for ≥21 d posttreatment. Viability data indicate that elimination of nonvisible infestations is possible and that suppression of early-stage infestations (≤40% cover, ≤4.5 mm thick) could be achieved after repeated applications. After a single Gemex application, no significant accumulation of Cu was noted in the sediments six weeks posttreatment, but Cu concentrations remained high in algal mats (109–367 mg/kg dry wt). Long-term effects on the nontarget algal, invertebrate, or fish communities were minimal, although significant localized trout mortalities, not predicted by prior laboratory exposures, occurred on the treatment day. Extended Gemex exposure in low-hardness waters might have caused the mortalities, although changes in chelated Cu speciation also possibly contributed. The present study integrates effects on resident biota with dosage data, including changes in pH, in a natural waterway. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:181–195. © 2010 SETAC
Density forecasts of crude‐oil prices using option‐implied and ARCH‐type models
Authors: Høg Esben , Tsiaras Leonidas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe predictive accuracy of competing crude‐oil price forecast densities is investigated for the 1994–2006 period. Moving beyond standard ARCH type models that rely exclusively on past returns, we examine the benefits of utilizing the forward‐looking information that is embedded in the prices of derivative contracts. Risk‐neutral densities, obtained from panels of crude‐oil option prices, are adjusted to reflect real‐world risks using either a parametric or a non‐parametric calibration approach. The relative performance of the models is evaluated for the entire support of the density, as well as for regions and intervals that are of special interest for the economic agent. We find that non‐parametric adjustments of risk‐neutral density forecasts perform significantly better than their parametric counterparts. Goodness‐of‐fit tests and out‐of‐sample likelihood comparisons favor forecast densities obtained by option prices and non‐parametric calibration methods over those constructed using historical returns and simulated ARCH processes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 31:727–754, 2011
Evidence‐based health impact assessment (EBHIA): a situation report
Authors: Chilaka M. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis research was carried out to ascertain the different types and sources of evidence commonly applied to the Health Impact Assessment (HIA) process in the United Kingdom; and to also examine the factors that influence the derivation and usage of the different types of evidence. A questionnaire survey of 52 HIA practitioners who had conducted a total of 103 HIAs over a 3‐year period was carried out, followed by semi‐structured interviews of 11 practitioners to gain deeper insights into the questionnaire findings. Ten different sources of evidence were seen to have been applied to the HIA process. Literature review was discovered to be the most commonly utilized source of evidence, having been used by 37 out of 52 practitioners (71.2%) and in 83.5% of the 103 HIAs. Engagement with local residents was second in terms of usage by practitioners (69.2%) and expert opinion was third, having been used by 67.3% of respondents. Other sources of evidence included completed HIA reports, survey, modelling and Delphi exercises. The findings point to efforts to ensure that predictions are grounded on robust sources of evidence, although several issues need to be addressed in the pursuit of evidence‐based HIA (EBHIA). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of gauge and radar precipitation data for simulating an extreme hydrological event in the Severn Uplands, UK
Authors: Biggs Eloise M. , Atkinson Peter M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper provides a comparison of gauge and radar precipitation data sources during an extreme hydrological event. November–December 2006 was selected as a time period of intense rainfall and large river flows for the Severn Uplands, an upland catchment in the United Kingdom. A comparison between gauge and radar precipitation time‐series records for the event indicated discrepancies between data sources, particularly in areas of higher elevation. The HEC‐HMS rainfall‐runoff model was selected to assess the accuracy of the precipitation to simulate river flows for the extreme event. Gauge, radar and gauge‐corrected radar rainfall were used as model inputs. Universal cokriging was used to geostatistically interpolate gauge data with radar and elevation data as covariates. This interpolated layer was used to calculate the mean‐field bias and correct the radar composites. Results indicated that gauge‐ and gauge‐corrected radar‐driven models replicated flows adequately for the extreme event. Gauge‐corrected flow predictions produced an increase in flow prediction accuracy when compared with the raw radar, yet predictions were comparative in accuracy to those using the interpolated gauge network. Subsequent investigations suggested this was due to an adequate spatial and temporal resolution of the precipitation gauge network within the Severn Uplands. Results suggested that the six rain gauges could adequately represent precipitation variability of the Severn Uplands to predict flows at an approximately equal accuracy to that obtained by radar. Temporally, radar produced an increase in flow prediction accuracy in mountainous reaches once the gauge time step was in excessive of an hourly interval. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow dynamics of groundwater and soil water in the former heap Gessenhalde at the uranium mining area of Ronneburg: a stable isotope approach
Authors: Lonschinski Martin , Knöller Kay , Merten Dirk , Büchel Georg 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStable isotopes, 2Hwater, 18Owater as well as 18Osulphate and 34Ssulphate, were used to study the flow system of shallow groundwater and soil water at the base area of a former leaching heap at the uranium mining area of Ronneburg, Germany. The flow paths and water‐retention times were estimated by comparison of δ2H and δ18O values in groundwater and soil water to the δ2H and δ18O signature of precipitation, giving distinctive inputs of summer or winter precipitation. The points of measuring the groundwater were divided into three categories with different flow conditions: rapid flow, stagnant conditions and a transition zone by hierarchical cluster analysis of δ2H and δ18O values of groundwater. The transit time of groundwater in the rapid flow area is less than 6 months, whereas water in the stagnant zone is stored for at least 1 year. In soil water, a clear response to different input signals is detectable only in the 30‐cm horizon (retention time is about 6 months), whereas at deeper levels a mixing with older water is taking place. The isotopic composition of the dissolved sulphate was used to identify oxidation of sulphides as the source of sulphate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.