bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum sodium and potassium in asthmatic children
Authors: Ahmed Omar S. , Hamed Amira M.M. , Kassem Ismael A.R. , Fayed Hamada K. , Elmorsy Walid A. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Asthma is a disease outlined by its clinical, physiological, and pathological features. Airways inflammation and hyperreactivity of bronchial tissues were the most important manifestations of bronchial asthma.

Aim
The aim was to evaluate serum sodium and potassium levels in pediatric asthmatic patients and match these levels during and in between the attack and with healthy control children.

Participants and methods
This was a case–control study that was done on pediatric patients with asthma. The cases were children with confirmed asthma of an age group of 5–12 years old, and the age-matched controls were children without respiratory signs or symptoms. Serum sample for measuring absolute eosinophilic count, sodium, and potassium value was obtained.

Results
The mean values of serum sodium during the attack and in between the attack were 136.78±2.66 and 140.51±2.62 mmol/l, respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05). Both the mean values of serum sodium were found to be significantly lower than the mean value of the control (141.58±2.34 mmol/l). The mean values of serum potassium during the attacks and in between the attacks were 3.28±0.44 and 3.94±0.32 mmol/l, respectively (P<0.05). Both the mean values of serum sodium, i.e., during and in between, were found to be significantly lower than the mean value of the control (4.12±0.32 mmol/l). Hyponatremia was detected in 8 and 6% of the asthmatic patients during the attacks and in between attacks, whereas hypokalemia was detected in 56 and 9% of the asthmatic patients during the attacks and in between the attacks.

Conclusion
The study showed that asthmatic patients presented with hyponatremia and hypokalemia, and there is a significant difference between serum sodium and potassium levels during attacks and in between attacks and when compared with the control group.
Effect of amlodipine and L-carnitine on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Ghany Ahmed F.A. , Ashour Yasser M. , Aly Nawal B. , Abdelzaher Lobna A. , Mahmoud Ahmed S. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Amlodipine as a calcium channel blocker has anti-inflammatory effect through overaugmentation of nitric oxide production and antioxidant effect by reduced superoxide radicals and increased level of superoxide dismutase. l-carnitine has anti-inflammatory action through reaction with acyl group that is accumulated in anoxic cells and antioxidant effect through decreasing the superoxide anion production.

Aim
The aim was to evaluate the possible ameliorating effect of amlodipine (AML) and L-Carnitine (L-C) combination on osteoporotic bony changes in ovariectomized (OVX) rats versus each drug separately. A total of 50 adult female albino rats (weighting 100–125 g) of local strain were chosen as an animal model for this study. The animals were randomly divided into five groups. Each group comprised ten rats: group 1, negative control; group 2, OVX rats, positive control; group 3, AML-treated OVX rats; group 4, L-C-treated OVX rats, and group 5, AML and L-C-treated OVX rats. Bony changes were examined through evaluating markers of bone turnover, such as alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin; femoral metaphyseal histomorphology; and serum proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, expression.

Results
alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly elevated in positive control group, which was associated with marked deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Treatment with AML and L-C combination significantly mitigated inflammation and histopathological osteoporotic changes compared with each of AML and L-C drugs separately.

Conclusion
AML and L-C combination could have a synergistic role in management of radical osteoporosis in OVX rats over each drug separately.
The effect of antioxidant and iron chelator on metabolic bone turnover in ovariectomized rats
Authors: El-Refaey Mohamed E. , Ashour Yasser M. , Abdelzaher Lobna A. , Shabaan Maher A. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Osteoporosis affects women severely, especially in older ages after menopause. It may lead to bad drawbacks that may be prone to considerable pathological conditions, for example, fracture and sever pain.

Objective
This study aims to identify the effect of antioxidant and iron chelator on metabolic bone turnover in ovariectomized rats.

Materials and methods
The rats were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, desferal-treated, vitamin E-treated, and desferal+vitamin E-treated groups. Determination of serum estrogen, ferritin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and osteocalcin was done at the end of experiment. Moreover, morphology of bone in female rats was evaluated at the end of experiment.

Results
Ovariectomy led to decrease in serum estrogen level and increase in serum levels of ferritin, ALP, TNF-α, and osteocalcin. On the contrary, usage of desferal and vitamin E led to decrease in serum levels of ferritin, ALP, TNF-α, and osteocalcin. Regarding histological picture of bone, our results showed abnormal structure of the bone of the untreated group vs improved histological picture of the treated groups.

Conclusion
The female rats that were subjected to ovariectomy and experienced osteoporosis showed improvement in their bone by using desferal and vitamin E alone or in combination.
Comparison of hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy versus hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy using echocardiography and tissue doppler imaging
Authors: Yousof Waleed , Abdelghafar Mahmoud , El-Tayeb Ahmed 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Systemic hypertension (SH) causes a gradual increase in the mass of the left ventricle, resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Derangement of LV function is caused by morphologic changes in the left ventricular (LV) walls, which result in hypertrophy. According to a recent meta-analysis, LVH raises the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim was to compare between hypertensive patients with LVH and hypertensive patients without LVH regarding LV function (by Simpson's method) and myocardial performance index (by Tissue Doppler echocardiography).

Patients and methods
The study included 40 selected hypertensive patients and 20 healthy participants undergoing echocardiographic assessment at the echocardiography unit. The patients were classified into two groups: group I included 20 normotensive healthy control, and group II included 40 hypertensive patients. Group II was further divided into two subgroups according to the absence or presence of echocardiographic signs of LVH: group IIa included 20 hypertensive patients without echocardiographic signs of LVH, and group IIb included 20 hypertensive patients with echocardiographic signs of LVH.

Results
Regarding systolic and diastolic blood pressures, there was an extremely statistically significant difference between the two groups. Regarding LV mass index, there was a highly statistically significant difference. However, LVMI in subgroup IIa was normal in comparison with subgroup IIb, with an extremely statistically significant difference. Regarding ejection fraction (EF%), there was an extremely statistically significant difference between the two groups. Regarding EF%, there was an extremely statistically significant difference between group I and group IIa. Regarding EF%, there was an extremely statistically significant difference between subgroup IIa and subgroup IIb. Regarding myocardial performance index, there was an extremely statistically significant difference between the two groups (0.36±3.2 in group I vs. 0.51±4.8 in group II).

Conclusion
First, SH causes a cascade of LV hemodynamic changes that can range from maladaptive hypertrophy to heart failure. Second, Tissue Doppler echocardiography appears to be able to differentiate between the many types and degrees of LV dysfunction in SH, as well as the various stages of the hypertensive disease process. Third, Myocyte apoptosis and collagen deposition in the interstitial space appear to be factors that favor the transition from LVH to heart failure.
Tailored Helicobacter pylori therapy is more effective than conventional therapy
Authors: Elrakeeb Adel , Eltayyeb Sawsan H. , Elgazzar Amr , Elgendy Abdelaleem A. , Alboraie Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

Background and aims
Tailored (culture and sensitivity) therapy has gained attention over recent years as an effective option for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. The authors aimed to assess the efficacy of antibiotics sensitivity-guided therapy versus clarithromycin or levofloxacin triple therapies as the first-line therapy for H. pylori.

Patients and methods
Dyspeptic patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy were prospectively enrolled. Patients with positive H. pylori results by the rapid urease test were randomized to receive either antibiotics sensitivity-guided therapy or empirical clarithromycin or levofloxacin-based triple therapy for 14 days. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests for seven antibiotics (clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, and rifampicin) were performed using the disk-diffusion method. Group A received antibiotics sensitivity-guided therapies that included esomeprazole plus two antibiotics for which the isolates were sensitive and group B received conventional therapies that included esomeprazole, amoxicillin plus clarithromycin or levofloxacin for 2 weeks. Eradication of H. pylori was checked using stool antigen 4 weeks after therapy.

Results
A total of 25 patients completed the study in each group. Both studied groups were matched for baseline characteristics. The most commonly used regimen in the antimicrobial sensitivity-based therapy was clarithromycin-based triple therapy (46.5%), followed by levofloxacin-based triple therapy and levofloxacin and nitrofurantoin plus esomeprazole. The association analysis demonstrated that, in the intention-to-treat populations, the H. pylori eradication rate was significantly higher in the antibiotic sensitivity-guided therapy group [85.7% (24/28) vs. 53.3% (16/30) in the conventional therapy group (P=0.035). In the per-protocol populations, the eradication rate was 96% for the sensitivity-guided therapy group and 64% for the conventional therapy group (P=0.005). The rates of adverse events were similar in both sensitivity-guided and conventional therapies, with no significant differences (P=0.527).

Conclusions
Culture-based eradication therapy demonstrated superior eradication rates than empirical therapy as a first-line therapy for H. pylori in a region with high rates of antimicrobial resistance.
Electroretinography and visual-evoked potential changes in patients with nystagmus
Authors: Hassan Nihal Adel , Elaskary Abd Elhakeem Elsayed , Wahdan Mahmoud Abd Elrahman Ramadan 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Nystagmus is an ocular motility disorder in which the eyes make uncontrollable, repeated movements. These movements can cause vision and depth perception problems, as well as affect balance and coordination. The aim was to study electrophysiological changes that occur in patients with nystagmus and pattern of changes in each disease.

Patients and methods
A prospective, institutional, clinical trial was conducted on 60 eyes with nystagmus. The age of the patients ranged between 5 and 50 years, and the patients were chosen from Al-Hassan Eye Center, Giza and Al-Azhar University Hospital outpatient clinic.

Results
The study revealed the relation between photopic electroretinogram (ERG), scotopic ERG, and flash visual-evoked potential (VEP) and each of fundus examination and final diagnosis of the studied group, and it shows highly statistically significant differences between groups according to fundus examination and final diagnosis.

Conclusions
Electrophysiological examination is an essential step in the assessment of patients with early-onset nystagmus especially when the eyes are apparently normal on routine examination and should be enrolled within their medical records. This study clarified the need to investigate cases with nystagmus by ERG and suggested that the ERG was useful where the diagnosis was uncertain. Visual-evoked potential is complementary to ERG and can be tested simultaneously.
Functional and radiological outcomes of impaction grafts and cemented cup for the treatment of acetabular bone deficiency in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Bayoumy Maysara A. , Mohamed Mohamed M. 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim
Acetabular bone defects are one of the most difficult problems in both primary and revision total hip replacements. Many techniques have been described to deal with acetabular bone defects in total hip replacement, including the use of cement with or without cages and rings, structural bone grafting, and impaction bone grafts with cementless or cemented cups. The aim of this study was to asses short-term to midterm clinical and radiological outcomes of acetabular reconstruction by impaction bone grafts and cemented cups in both primary and revision cases indicated for total hip arthroplasty (THA) with acetabular bone deficiency.

Patients and methods
This is a retrospective study that included 26 patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA) who underwent acetabular bone defect reconstructions with grafting and cemented cups between December 2014 and January 2019. The mean age at operation was 45.3 years. Among the procedures, 12 were primary THAs, whereas 14 procedures were revision THAs. The morselized grafts were used in eight cases only, along with combined strut graft and morselized grafts in five cases, acetabular rim mesh and morselized grafts in 12 cases, and Kerboul cross-ring with morselized grafts in one case. All cases were clinically evaluated by Harris hip score in addition to radiological evaluation.

Results
All the patients except one showed clinical improvement, where the mean postoperative Harris hip score became 84. Radiograph follow-up for all the cases showed graft incorporation without loosening or any significant cup migration, except one case, which was revised owing to loosening around the cup.

Conclusion
The use of impaction graft and cemented cups is safe and reproductive even in young patients. Moreover, this technique reconstitutes bone and gives a stable platform of bone stock for further revision, especially in young population.
Corticosteroid treatment versus surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
Authors: El-Emam Amal M.M. , Mohamed Magda A. , Saif Eldin Doaa A. , Mostafa Soaad Y. 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim
The definition of chronic rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses characterized by two or more symptoms like nasal obstruction, congestion of nasal mucosa, reduction or loss of smell, facial pain, and either endoscopic signs of polyps edema or mucosal obstruction primarily in middle meatus, maybe computed tomography changes showing mucosal changes within the ostiomeatal complex and sinuses. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of medical treatment in comparison with functional endoscopic sinus surgery as a treatment of allergic nasal polyposis.

Patients and methods
A prospective study was carried out at Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, which included 40 patients (30 males and10 females) divided into two groups, mean age of group A (36.9±10.2) and mean age of group B (39.8±9).

Results
There is no statistically significant difference between both groups as regards runny nose, nasal obstruction, postnasal drip, smell sensation, taste sensation, sneezing, fascial pain, or headache before intervention. There is a statistically significant difference between both groups after intervention (by medication or surgery) as regards runny nose (P=0.034), nasal obstruction was highly significant (P=0.001), and smell sensation was highly significant (P=0.005), while there was no significant difference between both groups as regards other symptoms like postnasal drip, fascial pain, headache, sneezing, and taste sensation (P>0.05).

Conclusion
We conclude from our data that medical treatment was cost-effective and time-saving. Many patients who received medical treatment responded well to the point of refusing any surgical procedure, functional endoscopic sinus surgery is essential when medical treatment was not sufficient in improving manifestations.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in lean Egyptian patients
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud E. , Shabana Hossam E.S. , Ahmed Mohamed A.E. , Selim Mohamed M. 
Published: April 2024

Background
The prevalence of diabetes has increased exponentially over the past decade. Much has been published on its characteristics and its association with the obesity, but relatively little is known about the incidence of lean type 2 diabetes and its pathophysiology.

Aim
The aim was to determine the role of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in disease pathophysiology in lean type 2 diabetic patients.

Patients and methods
The authors evaluated parameters including BMI, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and homeostatic model assessment for β-cell function percentage. This study was carried out on 300 adult patients who were classified into four groups: group I (lean type 2 diabetic patients with BMI ≤27 kg/m2), group II (obese type 2 diabetic patients with BMI >27), group III (lean controls), and group IV (obese controls).

Results
When comparing group I with group II, there was a statistically significant difference regarding the sex, where males (64%) were more in group I. Regarding homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, in group I, it was 2.00±0.79, whereas in group II, it was 4.97±1.22, with statistically significant difference (P=0.00), and regarding homeostatic model assessment for β-cell function percentage, in group I, it was 33.76±19.89, whereas in group II, it was 56.45±17.69, with statistically significant difference (P=0.00).

Conclusion
This study showed that lean type 2 diabetes was common in male sex and characterized by low level of insulin resistance and was associated with markedly reduced β-cell function in contrary to what occurred in obese type 2 diabetes with marked insulin resistance.
Endovascular evaluation of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in a sample of Egyptian patients presented with ischemic stroke
Authors: Hassan Mahmoud M. , Sobh Khalid M. , Galal Mahmoud , Ahmed Salah I. , Al Shazly Sherief M. , Shokry Abd E. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Intracranial atherosclerosis is an important etiology of ischemic stroke and is associated with multiple vascular risk factors. Endovascular evaluation is used for assessing patterns and distributions of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in a sample of Egyptian patients presented with ischemic stroke.

Patients and methods
A total of 50 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack were included. Assessment of the state of cerebral vessels before the procedure was done by duplex ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography, and/or computed tomography angiography to confirm any stenosis in intracranial vessels. Neurological assessment was done before and after the procedure using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Digital subtraction angiography was done to evaluate the degrees and patterns of stenosis.

Results
A total of 50 participants (29 males and 21 females) were included. Their ages ranged from 30 to 78 years. The major risk factors were dyslipidemia (62.0%), hypertension (60.0%), diabetes mellitus (54.0%), smoking (48.0%), and atrial fibrillation (22.0%). The procedure was performed on 50 patients. A total of 39 (78.0%) patients had angiographic findings of vessel stenosis in either extracranial or intracranial vessels or both. In those 39 patients, 32 (64.0%) patients had arterial stenosis, and seven (14.0%) patients were found to have total occlusion. A total of 18 (36.0%) patients had angiographic findings of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Of these 18 patients, 14 (28.0%) patients had arterial stenosis, and four (8.0%) patients were found to have total occlusion. The most common site of intracranial stenosis was middle cerebral artery (33.3%).

Conclusion
Endovascular evaluation of patients with ischemic stroke is yielding, informative, safe, and easy to be done.
Role of dialysate sodium and serum sodium gradient in intradialytic hypertension of regular hemodialysis patients
Authors: Fayed Mohamed M. , Mohamed Emad A. , Zidan Hindawy A. , Assem Ahmed A. , El-Sayed Moahmed A. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Sodium (Na+) balance largely depends on interdialytic dietary salt intake and intradialytic Na+ removal during hemodialysis (HD) for chronic renal failure cases. To preserve a normal Na+ equilibrium, interdialytic Na+ increase should be filtered during HD. Sodium gradient (Na+ G) is obtained by subtraction of the dialysate Na+ concentration and the patient's own pre-HD plasma sodium concentration. The aim was to evaluate the role of dialysate and serum Na+ G in patients with intradialytic hypertension (IDH).

Patients and methods
A cross-sectional observational study was done to evaluate the role of Na+ G in IDH in a cohort of HD patients followed in the dialysis center of Damanhur Fever Hospital. Among 119 prevalent patients on MHD in our center during period from March 2021 to July 2021, we found 26 patients with IDH, so we selected a control group of 26 patients with intradialytic normotension (age and sex matched). So, the study included 52 patients (age and sex matched) who were divided into two groups: group A included 26 patients who were intradialytic normotensive, and group B included 26 patients with IDH.

Results
A total of 52 patients were included in our final analysis. The sample included patients who are diagnosed with ESRD and under regular HD schedule, with a mean±SD age of 54.4±12.3 years. Comparison of different sodium concentrations revealed that there was no significant difference between pre-dialytic, and postdialytic Na serum levels, along with no difference in sodium gradients, with P values greater than 0.05.

Conclusion
IDH was not significantly associated with sodium gradient, age, sex, hemoglobin level, and predialytic and postdialytic serum sodium concentrations.
Comparison between ultrasonography and MRI in diagnosis of knee joint meniscal injuries
Authors: Abuomira Ibrahem Elsayed Abdellatif , Ahmed Yasser Abdelaal , Elshahat Mohamed Taha Abd Elghafar 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim
Meniscal tears are one of the most frequent disorders affecting the knee joint in athletes and normal people. MRI the first choice of imaging of knee joint but in recent days, ultrasound (US) has made strides in imaging of musculoskeletal disorders due to improvement of imaging qualities. This study aimed to investigate the role of US in diagnosis of meniscus tears as compared to MRI.

Patients and Methods
A total of 100 patients examined by high definition US and under go to MRI examination of the knee joint.

Results
Regarding the diagnostic performance of US compared to MRI, the sensitivity reached (89.1%), specificity (∼72.2%), positive predictive value (∼90.1%), negative predictive value (70.1%), and accuracy (84.7%).

Conclusion
Ultrasonography may be used as a screening tool before arthroscopy in selected cases where MRI was a contraindication or is not available or if the patient was not affording. Ultrasonography showed a dynamic image of the meniscus and thus may prove useful if studied in conjunction with correct clinical examination.