bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCDC: prototype-assisted dual-contrastive learning with depthwise separable convolutional neural network for few-shot fault diagnosis of permanent magnet synchronous motors under new operating conditions
Authors: Chae Minseok , Kim Hyeongmin , Oh Hye Jun , Park Chan Hee , Suh Chaehyun , Yoon Heonjun , Youn Byeng D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The fault diagnosis of permanent magnet synchronous motor is of vital importance in industrial fields to ensure user safety and minimize economic losses from accidents. However, recent fault diagnosis methods, particularly the methods using deep learning, require a massive amount of labeled data, which may not be available in industrial fields. Few-shot learning has been recently applied in fault diagnosis for rotary machineries, to alleviate the data deficiency and/or to enable unseen fault diagnosis. However, two major obstacles still remain, specifically: (i) the limited ability of the models to be generalized for use under new operating conditions and (ii) insufficient discriminative features to precisely diagnose fault types. To address these limitations, this study proposes a Prototype-assisted dual-Contrastive learning with Depthwise separable Convolutional neural network (PCDC) for few-shot fault diagnosis for permanent magnet synchronous motors under new working conditions. Operation-robust fault features are extracted to reinforce generalization of PCDC under new operating conditions by extracting fault-induced amplitude and frequency modulation features and by eliminating the influence of operating conditions from the motor stator current signals. Prototype-assisted dual-contrastive learning is proposed to clearly distinguish the fault categories even when the fault features are similar to each other by learning both local- and global-similarity features, which increases the instance-discrimination ability while alleviating an overfitting issue. Experimental results show that the proposed PCDC outperforms the comparison models in few-shot fault diagnosis tasks under new operating conditions.
The informativeness of [C ii] line-intensity mapping as a probe of the H i content and metallicity of galaxies at the end of reionization
Authors: Horlaville Patrick , Chung Dongwoo T , Bond J Richard , Liang Lichen 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Line-intensity mapping (LIM) experiments coming online now will survey fluctuations in aggregate emission in the [C ii] ionized carbon line from galaxies at the end of reionization. Experimental progress must be matched by theoretical reassessments of approaches to modelling and the information content of the signal. We present a new model for the halo–[C ii] connection, building upon results from the Feedback In Realistic Environments simulations suggesting that gas mass and metallicity most directly determine [C ii] luminosity. Applying our new model to an ensemble of peak-patch halo light-cones, we generate new predictions for the [C ii] LIM signal at z ≳ 6. We expect a baseline 4000-h LIM survey from the Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope facility to have the fundamental sensitivity to detect the [C ii] power spectrum at a significance of 5σ at z ∼ 6, with an extended or successor Stage 2 experiment improving significance to 48σ at z ∼ 6 and achieving 11σ at z ∼ 7.5. Cross-correlation through stacking, simulated against a mock narrow-band Lyman-break galaxy survey, would yield a strong detection of the radial profile of cosmological [C ii] emission surrounding star-forming galaxies. We also analyse the role of a few of our model’s parameters through the pointwise relative entropy (PRE) of the distribution of [C ii] intensities. While the PRE signature of different model parameters can become degenerate or diminished after factoring in observational distortions, various parameters do imprint themselves differently on the one-point statistics of the intrinsic signal. Further work can pave the way to access this information and distinguish different sources of non-Gaussianity in the [C ii] LIM observation.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: impact of star formation and AGN feedback processes on the ionized gas velocity dispersion
Authors: Oh Sree , Colless Matthew , Barsanti Stefania , Zovaro Henry R M , Croom Scott M , Yi Sukyoung K , Ristea Andrei , van de Sande Jesse , D’Eugenio Francesco , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Bryant Julia J , Casura Sarah , Jeong Hyunjin , Sweet Sarah M , Zafar Tayyaba 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate the influence of star formation and instantaneous active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback processes on the ionized gas velocity dispersion in a sample of 1285 emission-line galaxies with stellar masses $\log \, (M_*/\mathrm{ M}_{\odot }) \ge 9$ from the integral-field spectroscopy Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral-field Galaxy Survey. We fit both narrow- and broad-emission-line components using aperture spectra integrated within one effective radius, while ensuring the elimination of velocity differences between the spectra of individual spaxels. Our analysis reveals that 386 (30 per cent) galaxies can be adequately described using a single-emission component while 356 (28 per cent) galaxies require two (broad and narrow) components. Galaxies characterized by high-mass, elevated star formation rate surface density, or type-2 AGN-like emissions tend to feature an additional broad-emission-line component, leading to their classification as double-component galaxies. We explore the correlations between M* and gas velocity dispersions, highlighting that the prominence of the broad component significantly contributes to elevating the gas velocity dispersion. Galaxies displaying AGN-like emission based on optical definitions show enhanced gas velocity dispersions. In star-forming galaxies, both stellar mass and star-formation rate surface density substantially contribute to the velocity dispersion of the narrow component. Increased star-forming activity appears to elevate the velocity dispersion of the narrow component. The broad component exhibits a weaker dependence on stellar mass and is primarily driven by galactic outflows. We suggest that strong star-forming activity leads to the formation of a broad-emission-line component, but the impact on inflating gas velocity dispersion is moderate. On the other hand, AGN-driven outflows appear to be a more important contributor to the elevated velocity dispersion of the ionized gas.
WISDOM project XX. – Strong shear tearing molecular clouds apart in NGC 524
Authors: Lu Anan , Haggard Daryl , Bureau Martin , Gensior Jindra , Jeffreson Sarah , Robert Carmelle , Williams Thomas G , Liang Fu-Heng , Choi Woorak , Davis Timothy A , Babic Sara , Boyce Hope , Cheung Benjamin , Drissen Laurent , Elford Jacob S , Liu Lijie , Martin Thomas , Rhea Carter , Rousseau-Nepton Laurie , Ruffa Ilaria 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Early-type galaxies (ETGs) are known to harbour dense spheroids of stars but scarce star formation (SF). Approximately a quarter of these galaxies have rich molecular gas reservoirs yet do not form stars efficiently. We study here the ETG NGC 524, with strong shear suspected to result in a smooth molecular gas disc and low star-formation efficiency (SFE). We present new spatially resolved observations of the 12CO(2-1)-emitting cold molecular gas from the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) and of the warm ionized-gas emission lines from SITELLE at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. Although constrained by the resolution of the ALMA observations (≈37 pc), we identify only 52 GMCs with radii ranging from 30 to 140 pc, a low mean molecular gas mass surface density 〈Σgas〉 ≈ 125 M⊙ pc−2 and a high mean virial parameter 〈αobs, vir〉 ≈ 5.3. We measure spatially resolved molecular gas depletion times (τdep ≡ 1/SFE) with a spatial resolution of ≈100 pc within a galactocentric distance of 1.5 kpc. The global depletion time is ≈2.0 Gyr but τdep increases towards the galaxy centre, with a maximum τdep, max ≈ 5.2 Gyr. However, no pure H ii region is identified in NGC 524 using ionized-gas emission-line ratio diagnostics, so the τdep inferred are in fact lower limits. Measuring the GMC properties and dynamical states, we conclude that shear is the dominant mechanism shaping the molecular gas properties and regulating SF in NGC 524. This is supported by analogous analyses of the GMCs in a simulated ETG similar to NGC 524.
Imputation of missing photometric data and photometric redshift estimation for CSST
Authors: Luo Zhijian , Tang Zhirui , Chen Zhu , Fu Liping , Du Wei , Zhang Shaohua , Gong Yan , Shu Chenggang , Lu Junhao , Li Yicheng , Meng Xian-Min , Zhou Xingchen , Fan Zuhui 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Accurate photometric redshift (photo-z) estimation requires support from multiband observational data. However, in the actual process of astronomical observations and data processing, some sources may have missing observational data in certain bands for various reasons. This could greatly affect the accuracy and reliability of photo-z estimation for these sources, and even render some estimation methods unusable. The same situation may exist for the upcoming Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST). In this study, we employ a deep learning method called generative adversarial imputation networks (GAIN) to impute the missing photometric data in CSST, aiming to reduce the impact of data missing on photo-z estimation and improve estimation accuracy. Our results demonstrate that using the GAIN technique can effectively fill in the missing photometric data in CSST. Particularly, when the data missing rate is below 30 per cent, the imputation of photometric data exhibits high accuracy, with higher accuracy in the g, r, i, z, and y bands compared to the NUV and u bands. After filling in the missing values, the quality of photo-z estimation obtained by the widely used easy and accurate Zphot from Yale (eazy) software is notably enhanced. Evaluation metrics for assessing the quality of photo-z estimation, including the catastrophic outlier fraction (fout), the normalized median absolute deviation ($\rm {\sigma _{NMAD}}$), and the bias of photometric redshift (bias), all show some degree of improvement. Our research will help maximize the utilization of observational data and provide a new method for handling sample missing values for applications that require complete photometry data to produce results.
The contest between artificial management and natural environment determines the adaptive strategies of leaf morphogenesis in Sabina chinensis
Authors: Jia Jing , Qu Guojuan , Jia Peng , Li Dezhi , Yao Yifei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sabina chinensis is a typically heteromorphic leaf evergreen tree worldwide with both ornamental and ecological value. However, the shaping mechanism of heteromorphic leaves of S. chinensis and its adaptability to environment are important factors determining its morphology. The morphological change of S. chinensis under different habitats (tree around) and treatments (light, pruning and nutrients) was investigated. Our findings suggested that the prickle leaves proportion was associated with low light intensity and soil nutrient scarcity. Stems and leaves are pruned together to form clusters of large prickle leaves, while only pruning leaves often form alternately growing small prickle leaves and scale leaves, and the length of the prickle leaves is between 0.5 cm and 1 cm. The gene expression of prickle leaves is higher than that of scale leaves under adverse environmental conditions, and the gene expression correlations between small prickle leaf and scale leaf were the highest. Homologous and heterologous mutants of gene structure in prickle leaves were larger than those in scale leaves. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway showed that phenylpropanone and flavonoid biosynthesis were common enrichment pathways, and that the enrichment genes were mainly related to metabolism, genetic information processing and organismal systems. Therefore, we concluded that the occurrence of the heteromorphic leaf phenomenon was related to the changes in photosynthesis, mechanical damage and nutrient supplementation. The organic matter in the S. chinensis prickle leaves was reduced under environmental stresses, and it will be allocated to the expression of prickle leaf or protective cuticles formation.
Skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction with circulating carboxymethyl‐lysine in dietary food additive‐induced leaky gut
Authors: Kodani Hinako , Aoi Wataru , Hirata Mikiko , Takami Maki , Kobayashi Yukiko , Kuwahata Masashi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImpaired intestinal permeability induces systemic inflammation and metabolic disturbance. The effect of a leaky gut on metabolism in skeletal muscle, a major nutrient consumer, remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the glucose metabolic function of the whole body and skeletal muscles in a mouse model of diet‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. At Week 2, we observed higher intestinal permeability in mice fed a titanium dioxide (TiO2)‐containing diet than that of mice fed a normal control diet. Subsequently, systemic glucose and insulin tolerance were found to be impaired. In the skeletal muscle, glucose uptake and phosphorylation levels in insulin signaling were lower in the TiO2 group than those in the control group. Additionally, the levels of pro‐inflammatory factors were higher in TiO2‐fed mice than those in the control group. We observed higher carboxymethyl‐lysin (CML) levels in the plasma and intestines of TiO2‐fed mice and lower insulin‐dependent glucose uptake in CML‐treated cultured myotubes than those in the controls. Finally, soluble dietary fiber supplementation improved glucose and insulin intolerance, suppressed plasma CML, and improved intestinal barrier function. These results suggest that an impaired intestinal barrier leads to systemic glucose intolerance, which is associated with glucose metabolism dysfunction in the skeletal muscles due to circulating CML derived from the intestine. This study highlights that the intestinal condition regulates muscle and systemic metabolic health.
Hepatocyte‐specific Selenoi deficiency predisposes mice to hepatic steatosis and obesity
Authors: Huang Xin , Li Tong , Yang Shi‐hui , Zhu Kong‐di , Wang Lian‐shun , Dong Yu‐lan , Huang Jia‐qiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSelenoprotein I (Selenoi) is highly expressed in liver and plays a key role in lipid metabolism as a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthase. However, the precise function of Selenoi in the liver remains elusive. In the study, we generated hepatocyte‐specific Selenoi conditional knockout (cKO) mice on a high‐fat diet to identify the physiological function of Selenoi. The cKO group exhibited a significant increase in body weight, with a 15.6% and 13.7% increase in fat accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver, respectively. Downregulation of the lipolysis‐related protein (p‐Hsl) and upregulation of the adipogenesis‐related protein (Fasn) were observed in the liver of cKO mice. The cKO group also showed decreased oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and energy expenditure (p < .05). Moreover, various metabolites of the steroid hormone synthesis pathway were affected in the liver of cKO mice. A potential cascade of Selenoi‐phosphatidylethanolamine‐steroid hormone synthesis might serve as a core mechanism that links hepatocyte‐specific Selenoi cKO to biochemical and molecular reactions. In conclusion, we revealed that Selenoi inhibits body fat accumulation and hepatic steatosis and elevates energy consumption; this protein could also be considered a therapeutic target for such related diseases.
Effect of Obesity on Short- and Long-Term Complications After Ankle Fracture Fixation
Authors: Janghala Abhinav , Niknam Kian , Freshman Ryan , Cogan Charles J. , Zhang Alan L. , Lansdown Drew 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:
This study evaluated the relationship between obesity and postoperative complications in patients undergoing ankle open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
PearlDiver-Mariner All-Payor Database.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients who underwent ankle ORIF from 2010 to 2021 and had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were identified using Current Procedural Terminology, ICD-9, and ICD-10 codes.

Outcome Measures and Outcomes:
Patients were stratified by body mass index into nonobese, obese, morbidly obese, and super-obese groups. Complication rates, including 90-day readmissions, infection, and post-traumatic osteoarthritis, were compared between obesity groups. Patients were additionally compared with a 1:1 matched analysis that controlled for demographics and comorbidities.

RESULTS:
A total of 160,415 patients undergoing ankle ORIF from 2010 to 2021 were identified. The cohort consisted mostly of females (64.8%) and the average age was 52.5 (SD 18.4) years. There were higher rates of 90-day readmissions, UTIs, DVT/PE, pneumonia, superficial infections, and acute kidney injuries in patients with increasing levels of obesity (P < 0.001). There were increased odds of nonunion and post-traumatic arthritis in the matched analysis at 2 years in the obesity group [OR: 2.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.68–3.31, P < 0.001; OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.77–2.68, P < 0.001, respectively].

CONCLUSIONS:
Postoperative medical complication rates in patients undergoing ankle ORIF, including infection, are higher in obese patients, even in the 1:1 matched analysis that controlled for demographic and comorbidity factors. Rates of nonunion and post-traumatic arthritis were higher in obese patients, as well. As such, it is important for surgeons to provide appropriate education regarding the risks after ankle ORIF in patients with obesity.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Use of Hydrosurgical Debridement System for Silicone Gel Removal after Breast Implant Rupture
Authors: Scalise Alessandro , Pau Alberto , Licini Caterina , Brancorsini Donatella , Mattioli Belmonte Cima Monica , Goteri Gaia , Di Benedetto Giovanni 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Breast implant rupture is one of the most common complications in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. Furthermore, this problem is closely linked to capsular contracture. It is therefore crucially important to effectively and promptly remove silicone leakage from breast pockets. Several techniques are described in the literature and have been typically used for this procedure. Hydrosurgical debridement (HD), which is usually applied in wound care to treat wounds, could be useful for the removal of the silicone leaked from prosthesis pockets after breast implant rupture. An entire periprosthetic capsule that contained a ruptured implant with silicone leakage was removed from a left breast. Half of the capsule was treated with HD, whereas the other half was left untreated as a control. Samples were processed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy for morphological analyses. light microscopy demonstrated that the nontreated tissues had a typical synovial-like structure with a middle layer of connective tissue in which there were numerous rounded empty spaces which contained silicone. In contrast, the superficial connective region of the treated tissues (T) had fewer and flattened spaces where the silicone was detected. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that in the T samples, the capsule thickness was compact compared with that of the nontreated tissues. Furthermore, the fibrous components appeared well organized with few and smaller silicone lacunae. HD is useful for the removal of silicone (ex vivo) from capsular surfaces after implant rupture. Because of its safety characteristics, this technique could be successfully used in vivo.
Psychiatric Disorders Are Common Among Older US Veterans Prior to Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Albrecht Jennifer S. , Gardner Raquel C. , Bahorik Amber L. , Xia Feng , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
To estimate the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and alcohol and substance use disorders.

Setting:
A random sample of Veteran’s Health Administration data.

Participants:
A total of 14 116 veterans aged ≥55 with incident late-life TBI between October 1, 1999, and September 31, 2021, were matched 1:3 on age and TBI date to 42 678 veterans without TBI.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Main Measures:
PTSD, depression, and alcohol and substance use disorders were identified using diagnostic codes. Participants were censored after the first diagnosis during the year before and the year after the TBI or matched date. Prevalence rates of PTSD, depression, alcohol, and substance use disorders were compared before and after incident TBI or matched date using Poisson regression.

Results:
Pre-TBI prevalence rates of disorders were higher among those with TBI relative to those without TBI. Pre-TBI PTSD prevalence rates (per 1000 person-years) were 126.3 (95% CI, 120.2-132.4) compared to 21.5 (95% CI, 20.1-22.9) in the non-TBI cohort. In adjusted models, TBI was not associated with an increase in the prevalence of any of the studied disorders.

Conclusions:
Prevalence rates of depression, PTSD, and alcohol and substance use disorders were 5 to 10 times higher among older veterans before incident TBI. We did not observe an increase in the prevalence of these disorders after incident TBI. Older veterans with these disorders may be at increased risk for TBI.
Evaluation and Pharmacologic Management of Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ott Jamie L. , Watanabe Thomas K. 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) can occur in up to 10% of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and is associated with poorer outcomes. A consensus regarding management is lacking. We provide a practical guide on the multi-faceted clinical management of PSH, including pharmacological, procedural and non-pharmacological interventions. In addition to utilizing a standardized assessment tool, the use of medications to manage sympathetic and musculoskeletal manifestations (including pain) is highlighted. Recent studies investigating new approaches to clinical management are included in this review of pharmacologic treatment options.

Conclusion:
While studies regarding pharmacologic selection for PSH are limited, this paper suggests a clinical approach to interventions based on predominant symptom presentation (sympathetic hyperactivity, pain and/or muscle hypertonicity) and relevant medication side effects.