bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of skeletal mineralization by the simultaneous ablation of PHOSPHO1 and alkaline phosphatase function: A unified model of the mechanisms of initiation of skeletal calcification
Authors: Yadav Manisha C , Simão Ana Maria Sper , Narisawa Sonoko , Huesa Carmen , McKee Marc D , Farquharson Colin , Millán José Luis 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Endochondral ossification is a carefully orchestrated process mediated by promoters and inhibitors of mineralization. Phosphatases are implicated, but their identities and functions remain unclear. Alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) plays a crucial role promoting mineralization of the extracellular matrix by restricting the concentration of the calcification inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Mutations in the TNAP gene cause hypophosphatasia, a heritable form of rickets and osteomalacia. Here we show that PHOSPHO1, a phosphatase with specificity for phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine, plays a functional role in the initiation of calcification and that ablation of PHOSPHO1 and TNAP function prevents skeletal mineralization. Phospho1−/− mice display growth plate abnormalities, spontaneous fractures, bowed long bones, osteomalacia, and scoliosis in early life. Primary cultures of Phospho1−/− tibial growth plate chondrocytes and chondrocyte-derived matrix vesicles (MVs) show reduced mineralizing ability, and plasma samples from Phospho1−/− mice show reduced levels of TNAP and elevated plasma PPi concentrations. However, transgenic overexpression of TNAP does not correct the bone phenotype in Phospho1−/− mice despite normalization of their plasma PPi levels. In contrast, double ablation of PHOSPHO1 and TNAP function leads to the complete absence of skeletal mineralization and perinatal lethality. We conclude that PHOSPHO1 has a nonredundant functional role during endochondral ossification, and based on these data and a review of the current literature, we propose an inclusive model of skeletal calcification that involves intravesicular PHOSPHO1 function and Pi influx into MVs in the initiation of mineralization and the functions of TNAP, nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase-1, and collagen in the extravesicular progression of mineralization. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effects of 1 year of daily teriparatide treatment on iliacal bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) in postmenopausal osteoporotic women previously treated with alendronate or risedronate
Authors: Misof Barbara M , Paschalis Eleftherios P , Blouin Stéphane , Fratzl-Zelman Nadja , Klaushofer Klaus , Roschger Paul 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Anabolic treatment with teriparatide of postmenopausal osteoporotic patients previously treated with bisphosphonates is a new therapeutic approach. However, its effects on the bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) are unknown. We studied paired transiliac bone biopsy samples taken before and after 1 year of treatment with recombinant human parathyroid hormone peptide 1-34 (teriparatide) from 16 osteoporotic women treated with either alendronate (priorALN) or risedronate (priorRIS) for at least 2 years and subsequently treated for 12 months with teriparatide. Cancellous (Cn.) and cortical (Ct.) BMDD values were measured using quantitative backscattered electron imaging. At baseline, BMDD values of priorALN and priorRIS women were similar and within the normal range. One year of teriparatide treatment caused significant effects on the BMDD. Analyzing changes from baseline for each bisphosphonate group separately, priorALN patients revealed increases in the portion of low mineralized bone areas (Cn.CaLow +25.9%, Ct.CaLow +62.0%, both p &lt; .05) and Ct. heterogeneity of mineralization (Ct.CaWidth +22.8%, p &lt; .001). PriorRIS patients showed increased mineralization heterogeneity (Cn.CaWidth +14.8%, p &lt; .05, and Ct.CaWidth +15.8%, p &lt; .001). Analysis of the influence of the prior bisphosphonate treatment showed that the BMDD response to 1 year of teriparatide treatment did not depend on the type of prior bisphosphonate. In consequence, priorALN and priorRIS groups were combined. The pooled groups revealed increased Cn.CaWidth and Ct.CaWidth (+10.7%, p &lt; .01, and +19.6%, p &lt; .001, respectively) as well as increased Cn.CaLow and Ct.CaLow (+18.2%, p &lt; .05, and +36.6%, p &lt; .01, respectively). In summary, our findings indicate a significant effect of teriparatide on BMDD when administered subsequent to a bisphosphonate in agreement with teriparatide's anabolic action. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Inhibitory effects of megakaryocytic cells in prostate cancer skeletal metastasis
Authors: Li Xin , Koh Amy J , Wang Zhengyan , Soki Fabiana N , Park Serk In , Pienta Kenneth J , McCauley Laurie K 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Prostate cancer cells commonly spread through the circulation, but few successfully generate metastatic foci in bone. Osteoclastic cellular activity has been proposed as an initiating event for skeletal metastasis. Megakaryocytes (MKs) inhibit osteoclastogenesis, which could have an impact on tumor establishment in bone. Given the location of mature MKs at vascular sinusoids, they may be the first cells to physically encounter cancer cells as they enter the bone marrow. Identification of the interaction between MKs and prostate cancer cells was the focus of this study. K562 (human MK precursors) and primary MKs derived from mouse bone marrow hematopoietic precursor cells potently suppressed prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells in coculture. The inhibitory effects were specific to prostate carcinoma cells and were enhanced by direct cell-cell contact. Flow cytometry for propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V supported a proapoptotic role for K562 cells in limiting PC-3 cells. Gene expression analysis revealed reduced mRNA levels for cyclin D1, whereas mRNA levels of apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing a CARD (ASC) and death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) were increased in PC-3 cells after coculture with K562 cells. Recombinant thrombopoietin (TPO) was used to expand MKs in the marrow and resulted in decreased skeletal lesion development after intracardiac tumor inoculation. These novel findings suggest a potent inhibitory role of MKs in prostate carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. This new finding, of an interaction of metastatic tumors and hematopoietic cells during tumor colonization in bone, ultimately will lead to improved therapeutic interventions for prostate cancer patients. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Some useful strategies for unstructured edge‐based solvers on shared memory machines
Authors: Aubry R. , Houzeaux G. , Vázquez M. , Cela J. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThree strategies for shared memory parallel edge‐based solvers are proposed which guarantee that nodes belonging to one thread are not accessed by other threads for vertex‐centered discretizations (replace nodes by cells in case of cell‐centered discretizations). The algorithms reorder the edges in groups in order for the parallelization to take place at the edge level, possibly through multiple passes, which constitutes the bulk of the work in an edge‐based solver. These strategies are presented in an increasing order of programming effort and their performances are also compared. Various renumbering algorithms are considered. Results and timings are given for a classical Computational Fluid Dynamics compressible edge‐based solver and a Numerical Weather Prediction compressible dynamic solver for dry air, as well as computational details to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. The influence of the point renumbering on the final edge grouping and efficiency is also studied through numerical results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of data structures for the simulation of polydisperse particle packings
Authors: Raschdorf S. , Kolonko M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSimulation of particle packings is an important tool in material science. Polydisperse mixtures require huge sample sizes to be representative. Simulation, in particular with iterative packing algorithms, therefore requires highly efficient data structures to keep track of particles during the packing procedure.We introduce a new hybrid data structure for spherical particles consisting of a so‐called loose octree for the global spatial indexing and Verlet lists for the local neighbourhood relations. It is particularly suited for relocation of spheres and contact searches. We compare it to classical data structures based on grids and (strict) octrees. It is shown both analytically and empirically that our data structure is highly superior for packing of large polydisperse samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of organoclay structure in hydrocarbon polymers
Authors: Galimberti Maurizio , Giudice Simona , Cipolletti Valeria , Guerra Gaetano 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo different kinds of organoclays were prepared by mixing a pristine montmorillonite and a double‐chain ammonium salt in many different thermoplastic or elastomeric polymers. Independently of the chemical nature of the considered polymers, the obtained organoclays presented a basal spacing of 4 or 6 nm, when the mixing occurred in the absence or in the presence of a small amount of stearic acid (SA), respectively. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared measurements support the hypothesis that these two kinds of organoclays correspond to paraffin‐type tilted and perpendicular bi‐layer intercalates, respectively. The co‐intercalation of SA molecules with the double‐chain amphiphile is suggested, to explain the observed expansion of the clay interlayer distance. The obtained results suggest an easy way to control the organoclay structure in polymer composites. Moreover, the authors on the basis of these results propose a criticism to the extensive literature that systematically explains most d basal spacing increase observed for clays in polymer with the penetration of apolar polymer chains in the clay interlayer space. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of the micronemal protein 2 A/I domain from Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Tonkin Michelle L. , Grujic Ognjen , Pearce Mark , Crawford Joanna , Boulanger Martin J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is a widespread zoonotic pathogen capable of causing serious disease in humans and animals. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii relies on the orchestrated secretion of proteins from its apical complex organelles including the multimodular, transmembrane micronemal protein 2 (MIC2) that couples recognition of the host cell with cytoskeletal reorganization of the parasite to drive invasion. To probe the basis by which the von Willebrand Factor A (vWA)–Integrin like module of TgMIC2 engages the host cell, we solved the crystal structure of a truncated form of TgMIC2A/I (TgMIC2A/Ic) phased by iodide SIRAS and refined to a resolution of 2.05 Å. The TgMIC2A/Ic core is organized into a central twisted beta sheet flanked by α‐helices consistent with a canonical vWA fold. A restricted basic patch serves as the putative heparin binding site, but no heparin binding was detected in native gel shift assays. Furthermore, no metal was observed in the metal ion dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). Structural overlays with homologous A/I domains reveal a divergent organization of the MIDAS β4–α4 loop in TgMIC2A/Ic, which is stabilized through the burial of Phe195 into a deep pocket formed by Gly185. Intriguingly, Gly185 appears to be unique among A/I domains to TgMIC2A/I suggesting that the divergent loop conformation may also be unique to TgMIC2A/I. Although lacking the C‐terminal extension, the TgMIC2A/Ic structure reported here is the first of an A/I domain from an apicomplexan parasite and provides valuable insight into defining the molecular recognition of host cells by these widespread pathogens.
CI‐Graph simultaneous localization and mapping for three‐dimensional reconstruction of large and complex environments using a multicamera system
Authors: Piniés Pedro , Paz Lina María , Gálvez‐López Dorian , Tardós Juan D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSubmapping and graphical methods have been shown to be valuable approaches to simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), providing significant advantages over the classical extended Kalman filter (EKF) solution: they are faster and, when usinglocal coordinates, produce more consistent estimates. The main contribution of this paper isCI‐Graph SLAM, a novel algorithm that is able to efficiently map large environments by building a graph of submaps and a spanning tree of this graph with the following properties: (1) any pair of neighboring submaps in the spanning tree areconditionally independentand (2) the current submap is always up to date, containing the marginal probabilities of the submap variables given all previous measurements. Thanks to these properties, an old submap can be updated at any time by performing a single propagation from the current map to the old submap along the spanning tree. This operation is required only when a map is revisited, with a cost linear with the number of maps in the loop. At the end of the experiment the method performs a single propagation through the whole tree, recovering exactly the same marginals for all the map variables as the EKF–SLAM algorithm does, without ever needing to compute the whole covariance matrix. To evaluate CI‐Graph performance in extremely loopy environments, the method was tested using a synthetic Manhattan world. The behavior of the algorithm in large real environments is shown using the public data sets from the RAWSEEDS project in which a robot equipped with a trinocular camera traversed indoor and outdoor environments with several loops and revisited areas. Loops are robustly closed using a novel technique that detects candidate loop closures using a visual vocabulary tree and filters them using temporal and geometric constraints. Our experiments show that when using frontal cameras, the technique outperforms FAB‐MAP. The epipolar geometry of the loop‐closing images is used to find feature matches that are imposed on the CI‐Graph to correct the submap estimations along the loop. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autonomous underwater vehicle–assisted surveying of drowned reefs on the shelf edge of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Authors: Williams Stefan B. , Pizarro Oscar , Webster Jody M. , Beaman Robin J. , Mahon Ian , Johnson‐Roberson Matthew , Bridge Tom C. L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the role of the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sirius on a research cruise to survey drowned reefs along the shelf edge of the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, Australia. The primary function of the AUV was to provide georeferenced, high‐resolution optical validation of seabed interpretations based on acoustic data. We describe the AUV capabilities and its operation in the context of the multiple systems used in the cruise. The data processing pipeline involved in generating simultaneous localization and mapping–based navigation, large‐scale, three‐dimensional visualizations, and automated classification of survey data is briefly described. We also present preliminary results illustrating the type of data products possible with our system and how they can inform the science driving the cruise. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sliding window filter with application to planetary landing
Authors: Sibley Gabe , Matthies Larry , Sukhatme Gaurav 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe are concerned with improving the range resolution of stereo vision for entry, descent, and landing (EDL) missions to Mars and other planetary bodies. The goal is to create accurate and precise three‐dimensional planetary surface‐structure estimates by filtering sequences of stereo images taken from an autonomous landing vehicle. We describe a sliding window filter (SWF) approach based on delayed state marginalization. The SWF can run in constant time, yet still achieve experimental results close to those of the bundle adjustment solution. This technique can scale from the offline batch least‐squares solution to fast online incremental solutions. For instance, if the window encompasses all time, the solution is equivalent to full bundle adjustment; if only one time step is maintained, the solution matches the extended Kalman filter; if poses and landmarks are slowly marginalized out over time such that the state vector ceases to grow, then the filter becomes constant time, like visual odometry. Within the constant time regime, the sliding window approach demonstrates convergence properties that are close to those of the full batch solution and strictly superior to visual odometry. Experiments with real data show that ground structure estimates follow the expected convergence pattern that is predicted by theory. These experiments indicate the effectiveness of filtering long‐range stereo for EDL. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A machine‐learning approach to detecting unknown bacterial serovars
Authors: Akova Ferit , Dundar Murat , Davisson V. Jo , Hirleman E. Daniel , Bhunia Arun K. , Robinson J. Paul , Rajwa Bartek 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTechnologies for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens are crucial for securing the food supply. A light‐scattering sensor recently developed for real‐time identification of multiple colonies has shown great promise for distinguishing bacteria cultures. The classification approach currently used with this system relies on supervised learning. For accurate classification of bacterial pathogens, the training library should be exhaustive, i.e., should consist of samples of all possible pathogens. Yet, the sheer number of existing bacterial serovars and more importantly the effect of their high mutation rate would not allow for a practical and manageable training. In this study, we propose a Bayesian approach to learning with a nonexhaustive training dataset for automated detection ofunknownbacterial serovars, i.e., serovars for which no samples exist in the training library. The main contribution of our work is the Wishart conjugate priors defined over class distributions. This allows us to employ the prior information obtained from known classes to make inferences about unknown classes as well. By this means, we identify new classes of informational value and dynamically update the training dataset with these classes to make it increasingly more representative of the sample population. This results in a classifier with improved predictive performance for future samples. We evaluated our approach on a 28‐class bacteria dataset and also on the benchmark 26‐class letter recognition dataset for further validation. The proposed approach is compared against state‐of‐the‐art involving density‐based approaches and support vector domain description, as well as a recently introduced Bayesian approach based on simulated classes. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 289‐301, 2010
Genetic and pharmacological evidence for schizophrenia‐related Disc1 interaction with GSK‐3
Authors: Lipina Tatiana V. , Kaidanovich‐Beilin Oksana , Patel Satish , Wang Min , Clapcote Steven J. , Liu Fang , Woodgett James R. , Roder John C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRecent studies have identified disrupted‐in‐schizophrenia‐1 (DISC1) as a strong genetic risk factor associated with schizophrenia. Previously, we have reported that a mutation in the second exon of the DISC1 gene [leucine to proline at amino acid position 100, L100P] leads to the development of schizophrenia‐related behaviors in mice. Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that interacts with the N‐terminal region of DISC1 (aa 1–220) and has been implicated as an important downstream component in the etiology of schizophrenia. Here, for the first time, we show that pharmacological and genetic inactivation of GSK‐3 reverse prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition deficits as well as normalizing the hyperactivity of Disc1‐L100P mutants. In parallel to these observations, interaction between DISC1 and GSK‐3α and β is reduced in Disc1‐L100P mutants. Our data provide genetic, biochemical, and behavioral evidence for a molecular link between DISC1 and GSK‐3 in relation to psychopathology and highlights the value of missense mutations in dissecting the underlying and complex molecular mechanisms of neurological disorders. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The synthesis and preclinical evaluation in rhesus monkey of [18F]MK‐6577 and [11C]CMPyPB glycine transporter 1 positron emission tomography radiotracers
Authors: Hamill Terence G. , Eng Waisi , Jennings Andrew , Lewis Richard , Thomas Steven , Wood Suzanne , Street Leslie , Wisnoski David , Wolkenberg Scott , Lindsley Craig , Sanabria‐BohÓRquez Sandra M. , Patel Shil , Riffel Kerry , Ryan Christine , Cook Jacquelynn , Sur Cyrille , Burns H. Donald , Hargreaves Richard 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo positron emission tomography radiotracers for the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) are reported here. Each radiotracer is a propylsulfonamide‐containing benzamide and was labeled with either carbon‐11 or fluorine‐18. [11C]CMPyPB was synthesized by the alkylation of a 3‐hydroxypyridine precursor using [11C]MeI, and [18F]MK‐6577 was synthesized by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction using a 2‐chloropyridine precursor. Each tracer shows good uptake into rhesus monkey brain with the expected distribution of highest uptake in the pons, thalamus, and cerebellum and lower uptake in the striatum and gray matter of the frontal cortex. In vivo blockade and chase studies of [18F]MK‐6577 showed a large specific signal and reversible binding. In vitro autoradiographic studies with [18F]MK‐6577 showed a large specific signal in both rhesus monkey and human brain slices and a distribution consistent with the in vivo results and those reported in the literature. In vivo metabolism studies in rhesus monkeys demonstrated that only more‐polar metabolites are formed for each tracer. Of these two tracers, [18F]MK‐6577 was more extensively characterized and is a promising clinical positron emission tomography tracer for imaging GlyT1 and for measuring GlyT1 occupancy of therapeutic compounds. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prefrontal cell firing in male rats during approach towards sexually receptive female: Interactions with cocaine
Authors: Febo Marcelo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a role in anticipation of rewards and goal orientation, properties that are influenced by cocaine administration. Single‐unit firing was measured in the mPFC of seven male rats during the expression of approach responses toward a sexually receptive female. Nose‐poking in male rats was used as a measure of approach behavior during the following periods: a baseline, first exposure to a female, a second baseline 2 h later and a second exposure to female 10 min after cocaine (15 mg kg−1 i.p.). Two types of excitatory responses were identified. First, a subset of cells (23%) showed increased firing activity during nose‐poke behavior upon presentation of the female, but not before. Another subset of cells (12%) showed increased firing in the presence of the female only after cocaine was administered. The present results provide preliminary evidence for neurons in the mPFC that are involved in sexually motivated approach behavior and that are modulated by cocaine. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.