bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the Triglyceride–Glucose Indices for Predicting the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Nondiabetic Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: El-Dosouky Ibtesam I. , Ammar Ahmed S. , Ahmed Abdelmaaboud Abdelmaaboud , Elkot Moataz A. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index was shown to be an independent predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) progression and prognosis. However, whether the TyG index can predict the severity of CAD in nondiabetic patients with chronic coronary syndrome remains unclear.

Methods:
A total of 118 individuals who underwent elective coronary angiography were classified into group A (59 with coronary lesions) and group B (59 with normal coronary arteries; as a control group) after coronary angiography and laboratory tests for fasting and the postprandial (PP) TyG index. The complexity of CAD was determined by the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (SYNTAX) score (SYNTAX score >22 indicated moderate–high risk), and patients diagnosed with diabetes or prediabetes were excluded.

Results:
The TyG index was not related to the SYNTAX score in groups A and B; however, in the CAD group with an low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration <70 mg/dL (group A1), a fasting TyG index ≥8.25 and a PP TyG index ≥11 could predict moderate–high SYNTAX risk score; in addition, the odds ratio (OR) was 4.3× higher and the relative risk (RR) was 1.8× greater (OR = 4.3, RR = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.4–13.5, P < 0.05) for individuals with a higher fasting TyG index ≥8.25 to have a moderate–high SYNTAX risk score. Individuals with a higher PP TyG index ≥11 had OR of 2.6× higher and a RR of 1.4× greater to have moderate–high SYNTAX risk score.

Conclusions:
Both fasting and PP TyG levels were associated with greater coronary anatomical complexity (SYNTAX score >22) in nondiabetic chronic coronary patients with LDL <70 mg/dL. Fasting and the PP TyG indices can serve as noninvasive predictors of CAD complexity in nondiabetic patients with LDL <70 mg/dL and could change the management and therapeutic approaches.
Efficacy of Inclisiran in Patients Having Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Heterozygous Compared to Homozygous Trait, a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rai Rahul , Devi Payal , Kumar Kapeel , Naeem Kainat , Kumar Hanesh , Kumari Kajal , Kumar Anish , Kumar Aman , Muhammad Aqeel , Khan Muhammad Sohaib , Qadir Ghulam , Ali Shaheryar , Maheshwari Mahveer , Jawwad Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
To find out whether inclisiran sodium has different efficacy in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) patient groups.

Methods:
We conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis of ORION clinical trials. PubMed, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched for the relevant studies. Atheroscalerotic parameters considered for our objective were low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), apolipoprotein B, and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Primary outcomes were the percentage difference in atheroscalerotic parameters at follow-up relative to baseline values. Our study examined these primary outcomes to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the HeFH and HoFH groups. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed when at least 2 studies reported on the same variable.

Results:
Four ORION clinical trials provided the data related to the mean difference in the atheroscalerotic parameters at follow-up relative to baseline, of HeFH and HoFH patient populations, after administration of 300 mg inclisiran subcutaneously. We pooled together these mean differences for each group and applied a statistical test to analyze if the values were significantly different between the groups. The results of our study unveiled the significant difference in pooled mean differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HeFH: −48.62%; HoFH: −9.12%; P < 0.05), total cholesterol (HeFH: −30.31%; HoFH: −11.50%; P < 0.05), apolipoprotein (HeFH: −39.97%; HoFH: −14.68%; P < 0.05), and nonhigh-density lipoprotein (HeFH: −44.51%; HoFH: −12.22%; P < 0.05) between HeFH and HoFH groups. However, the difference in pooled mean difference in PCSK9 values (HeFH: −68.41%; HoFH: −56.25%; P = 0.2) between HeFH and HoFH groups was statistically insignificant. Studies were of high quality.

Conclusions:
There was a significant difference in the reductions in atherosclerotic lipid parameters in heterozygous and homozygous populations after the administration of inclisiran except for PCSK9 parameter. Further studies are needed to support this conclusion.
Ceftaroline Fosamil as a Potential Treatment for Central Nervous System Infections in Children
Authors: Bradley John S. , Cattaneo Dario , Kantecki Michal , Costa Teresa Dalla 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ceftaroline has been reported to show efficacy in limited adult clinical case studies including a report of a patient with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection of a ventriculopleural shunt, and in 2 reports for use as a salvage therapy in a case of an epidural abscess infected with MRSA, as well as a case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) ventriculostomy-related infection. The pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of ceftaroline in healthy adults and neurosurgical patients have been assessed to develop population PK models used to perform simulations to evaluate the probability of target attainment of different ceftaroline dosing regimens for central nervous system (CNS) infections. Results from the simulations indicated that the penetration of ceftaroline into the cerebrospinal fluid was dependent on the degree of meningeal inflammation, suggesting that inflammation associated with infection would provide adequate antibiotic exposure, similar to other β-lactam antibiotics. Ceftaroline has a potential, unique role as a β-lactam antibiotic in the treatment of MRSA and coagulase negative staphylococci causing CNS infections as an alternative to vancomycin, the current standard of care. Support for treatment of CNS infections may be derived from further cerebrospinal fluid PK studies followed by PK/PD modeling prior to the conduct of prospective phase 2/3 clinical studies aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline for the treatment of pediatric CNS infections. Ceftaroline's penetration enhanced by meningeal inflammation suggests that the drug could be a candidate to treat MRSA CNS infections.
Building a cardiogenic shock response team: key considerations necessary to improve outcomes
Authors: Varma Bhavya , Katz Jason N. , Alviar Carlos L. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
This review provides key information about cardiogenic shock (CS) teams, including published evidence and practical recommendations to create a CS team and program.

Recent findings
CS is a complex disease process with a high in-hospital mortality rate ranging from 30% to 70% according to recent registries and randomized studies. The explanation for the elevated rates is likely multifactorial, including the various etiologies of cardiogenic shock as well as delays in recognition and deployment of appropriate therapies. Accordingly, the use of cardiogenic shock team has been implemented with the aim of improving outcomes in these patients. The CS team typically consists of members with critical care or cardiac critical care expertise, heart failure, cardiothoracic surgery, and interventional cardiology. A number of retrospective studies have now supported the benefits of a CS team, particularly in selecting the appropriate candidates for tailored mechanical circulatory support therapies and providing interventions in a timely manner, which have translated into improved outcomes.

Summary
CS teams provides a platform for expedited recognition of CS and timely, standardized, and multidisciplinary discussions regarding appropriate management and care.
Xuebijing injection combined with alprostadil in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hao Na , Liu Yang , Guo LuXuan , Li Wanwen , Zhao Pengbo 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Diabetes nephropathy (DN), as one of the common complications of diabetes, is characterized by persistent albuminuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and elevated arterial blood pressure. At present, Xuebijing injection is widely used in the treatment of DN. However, few systematic reviews and meta-analysis related to Xuebijing injection intervention in DN were published. In order to more systematically and objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xuebijing injection intervention in DN, we conducted systematic reviews and meta-analysis to verify it.

Objective:
The purpose of the research was to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xuebijing injection combined with alprostadil in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Methods:
We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Database (SinoMed), Weipu Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and other databases by computer, and searched the randomized controlled trials of Xuebijing injection combined with alprostadil in the treatment of DN at home and abroad from the establishment of the database to 2022. The main outcome indicators included blood glucose, and the secondary outcome indicators included blood lipid, renal function, urinary protein, and safety. Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze the data.

Results:
A total of 14 randomized controlled trials were included, including 1233 cases, 618 cases in the treatment group and 615 cases in the control group. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with the control group, the treatment group could effectively reduce fasting plasma glucose [mean difference [MD] = −1.90, 95% CI (−2.40, −1.40), P < .00001], glycosylated hemoglobin A1c [MD = −2.38, 95% CI (−2.51, −2.25), P < .00001], 2h postprandial blood glucose [MD = −2.92, 95% CI (−3.95, −1.89), P < .00001], triacylglycerol [MD = −1.08, 95% CI (−1.66, −0.50), P = .0003], total cholesterol [MD = −1.17, 95% CI (−1.39, −0.95), P < .00001], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [MD = −1.19, 95% CI (−1.60, −0.78), P < .00001], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [MD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.23, 0.42), P < .00001], serum creatinine [MD = −42.95, 95% CI (−57.46, −28.43), P < .00001], blood urea nitrogen [MD = −2.24, 95%CI (−2.62,−1.86), P < .00001], blood β2 microglobulin [SMD = −1.49, 95% CI (−1.70, −1.28), P < .00001], urine β2 microglobulin [SMD = −0.81, 95% CI (−1.04, −0.58), P < .00001], 24-hour urinary protein quantification [MD = −0.20, 95% CI (−0.26, −0.14), P < .00001], urinary albumin excretion rate [SMD = −1.15, 95% CI (−1.38, −0.93), P < .00001].

Conclusion:
Xuebijing injection combined with alprostadil has more advantages in treating DN compared to routine Western medicine.
Global research landscape and emerging trends in Graves’ disease: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yang Yan , Li Peijin , Zhou Chunjian , Liu Feng , Liu Tao , Wang Qian , Ding Zhiguo 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Graves’ disease is a prevalent thyroid disorder and is the primary cause of hyperthyroidism. Significant progress has been made in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this disease. However, bibliometric analyses on Graves’ disease are lacking. We aimed to comprehensively summarize the research, progression, and focal points of Graves’ disease through data mining and integrated analysis of the existing literature.

Methods:
We retrieved relevant literature on Graves’ disease from 2003 to 2023 from the Web of Science database. We performed bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace and the R package Bibliometrix.

Results:
We identified 10,901 publications from 132 countries, with a steady rise in the number of publications over the past 5 years. The US leads in publication volume, with the University of California System being the primary contributing institution. The journal Thyroid had the highest publication output, while the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism was the most frequently cited. These publications involved 2305 authors, with Antonelli Alessandro and Smith Terry being the most prolific. The most frequently cited articles were the “2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis” and the “Thyroid Association/European Group on Graves’ orbitopathy guidelines for the management of Graves’ orbitopathy.” Analysis of the bursts of cited references, keywords, and their clustering revealed that research on Graves’ disease predominantly centers on clinical management, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors, thyroid hormones, autoimmunity and inflammation, Graves’ ophthalmopathy, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer.

Conclusion:
This is the first comprehensive bibliometric study to summarize progress and trends in Graves’ disease research. These results highlight recent research hotspots and promising directions, thereby providing a valuable reference for other scholars.
Comparison of supraclavicular block with infraclavicular block for distal arm surgeries: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Chang Li , Yan Yunxia , Zhang Xueqing , Hao Xiaoxia 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Supraclavicular and infraclavicular nerve block are commonly used for the analgesia of distal arm surgeries, and this meta-analysis aims to compare their analgesic efficacy for distal arm surgeries.

Methods:
We searched several databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases, and selected the randomized controlled trials exploring the analgesic efficacy of supraclavicular block versus infraclavicular block for distal arm surgeries. This meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effect or fixed-effect model based on the heterogeneity.

Results:
Six randomized controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with infraclavicular nerve block for distal arm surgeries, supraclavicular nerve block was associated with substantially reduced complete sensory block (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19–0.88; P = .02) and block performance time (standard mean difference [SMD] = −3.06; 95% CI = −5.82–−0.31; P = .03), but had no effect on duration of analgesia (SMD = −0.15; 95% CI = −0.49–0.18; P = .36), time to sensory block (SMD = −0.41; 95% CI = −2.28–1.47; P = .67), vascular puncture (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.11–10.05; P = .98) or adverse events (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.12–4.04; P = .69).

Conclusions:
Infraclavicular nerve block may be superior to supraclavicular nerve block for the analgesia of distal arm surgeries but needs increased block performance time.
Positive effect of self-exercise following Botulinum toxin injection on the permanence of the recovery among the patients with HFS and BFS: A clinical trial
Authors: Sari Ümmü Serpil , Eroglu Mehmet , Büyükşerbetçi Gülseren , Tokucoglu Figen , Sahin Nilay 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection serves as the primary modality for addressing hemifacial spasm (HFS) and blepharospasm (BFS), which are prevalent movement disorders affecting the craniofacial region. However, even though the short-term effectiveness of the botulinum injection may reach over 80%, the long-term effectiveness is still a debatable point Herein, we aim to investigate whether facial self-exercise following the BoNT injection can extend the time period of effectiveness.

Methods:
In this study, 51 volunteers who received Onabotilinumtoxin A (BoNTA) treatment for the diagnosis of HFS or BFS, were randomized into 2 groups. A detailed instruction about the self-exercise was given by an experienced physician to the subjects in Group 1. Volunteers were asked to repeat the exercise program afterward and continue to each movement for 5 seconds, to repeat each movement 10 times with a 10-second break, every day, 3 times a week for 1 week. hemifacial spasm grating scale (HSGS) and Jankovic scales were used to assess the efficacy of the treatment.

Results:
Both groups are similar to each other based on demographic features and the severity of the diseases. According to HSGS and Jankovic scales, at the end of the first month, there was no significant difference between the groups. At the end of the third month, the improvement achieved in the first month remained the same in each parameter in Group 1. On the other hand, in Group 2, most of the values returned to the baseline.

Conclusion:
Facial self-exercise following the botulinum toxin application may extend the period of effectiveness of botulinum toxin treatment the subjects with HFS and BFS.
Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of adrenal gland: A case report
Authors: Ou Yong , Wang Kai , Jia Ting-Yu , Chen Zhi-Gang , Wang Hua-Kang , Chen Ming-Xian , Yang Hua , Liao Zhi , Chen Hou-Chuan , Zheng Zhong 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Most adrenal tumors are benign and primary adrenal malignancies are relatively rare. Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is a very rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor with unknown etiology, atypical clinical symptoms, nonspecific imaging manifestations, difficult disease diagnosis and poor prognosis.

Case report:
This case report details a 42-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital with a 1-year-old bilateral adrenal mass and 1-month-old left upper abdominal pain. Enhanced CT of the abdomen showed a right adrenal nodule and a large occupying lesion in the left adrenal region, with a high probability of pheochromocytoma. Intraoperatively, a huge tumor measuring about 12*12*10 cm was found in the left adrenal region, infiltrating the left kidney, spleen and pancreatic tail. Postoperative pathology: lymphocytes were found in the renal capsule and subcapsule, lymphocytes were found in the pancreas; lymphocytes were found in the spleen. Consider a tumor of the lymphohematopoietic system, possibly lymphoma.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates that primary adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PADLBCL) is highly aggressive, has a poor prognosis, is prone to recurrence, has poor therapeutic outcomes, and is difficult to diagnose. Clinicians should consider the possibility of PADLBCL when encountering huge adrenal-occupying lesions and consider chemotherapy before surgery. Reducing the tumor size before surgery is a more favorable therapeutic approach, thus prolonging the patient life and improving the quality of survival.
Effect of varying cuff sizes with identical inner diameter on endotracheal intubation in critically ill adults: A sealed tracheal controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yan-Nan , Shi Hai-Yan , Shen Wang-Qin , Shi Jia-Hai , Zhu Yan-Ping , Xu Yang-Hui , Wu Hong-Lei 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The present study aims to determine the impact of different cuff diameters on the cuff pressure of endotracheal tubes (ETTs) when the trachea is adequately sealed.

Methods:
In the present single-center clinical trial, adult patients who underwent cardiothoracic surgery were assigned to use ETTs from 2 brands (GME and GZW). The primary endpoint comprised of the following: cuff diameter, inner diameter of the ETT, manufacturer, and the number of subjects with tracheal leakage when the cuff pressure was 30 cm H2O.

Results:
A total of 298 patients were assigned into 2 groups, based on the 2 distinct brands of ETTs: experimental group (n = 122, GME brand) and control group (n = 176, GZW brand). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. However, the cuff diameter was significantly smaller in the control group, when compared to the experimental group (P = .001), and the incidence of tracheal leakage was significantly higher in the control group (P = .001). Furthermore, the GME brand ETT had a significantly larger cuff diameter, when compared to the GZW brand ETT.

Conclusion:
The cuff size would mismatch the tracheal area in clinical practice. Therefore, chest computed tomography is recommended to routinely evaluate the tracheal cross-sectional area during anesthesia, in order to ensure the appropriate cuff size selection.
Waldenström macroglobulinemia presenting as bilateral bloody pleural effusion: A case report
Authors: Cen Tiantian , Zhang Qiaoli , Ying Yanan , Chen Zhongbo , Zhang Xiaoqun , Wu Xiao , Deng Qian , Chen Gun , Tao Fengyun , Ye Peipei , Ma Hongying 
Published: June 2024

Rationale:
Pleural effusion, especially bilateral bloody pleural effusion, is a rare complication of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Pleural effusion in patients with WM has many causes, such as infection, tumor invasion of the pleura, and rupture of the thoracic duct or its branches. Patients with WM presenting to the respiratory department with chest tightness and shortness of breath need more differential diagnosis by respiratory physicians, which is helpful for effective treatment. Herein, we present a case of MV diagnosis in a patient with bilateral bloody pleural effusion.

Patient concern:
Our patient is a 59-year-old man with WM presenting as having bilateral bloody pleural effusion.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with pleural effusion drainage. After confirming the diagnosis, the patient was treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone.

Outcomes:
Following these treatments, the patient’s symptoms improved, and ultrasound showed a decrease in pleural effusion.

Lessons:
Despite its favorable prognosis, the cause of pleural effusion in a patient with WM can be challenging to diagnose. The cause of pleural effusion should be considered a differential diagnosis when diagnosing patients diagnosed with WM.