bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a new X‐linked mental retardation syndrome with microcephaly, cortical malformation, and thin habitus
Authors: du Souich Christèle , Chou Athena , Yin Jingyi , Oh Tracey , Nelson Tanya N. , Hurlburt Jane , Arbour Laura , Friedlander Robin , McGillivray Barbara C. , Tyshchenko Nataliya , Rump Andreas , Poskitt Kenneth J. , Demos Michelle K. , Van Allen Margot I. , Boerkoel Cornelius F. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractX‐linked mental retardation (XLMR) affects 1–2/1,000 males and accounts for ∼10% of all mental retardation (MR). We have ascertained a syndromic form of XLMR segregating within a five‐generation family with seven affected males. Prominent characteristics include mild to severe MR, cortical malformation, microcephaly, seizures, thin build with distinct facial features including a long and thin face, epicanthic folds, almond‐shaped eyes, upslanting palpebral fissures and micrognathia and behavioral problems. Carrier females have normal physical appearance and intelligence. This combination of features is unreported and distinct from Lujan–Fryns syndrome, Snyder–Robinson syndrome, and zinc finger DHHC domain‐containing 9‐associated MR. We propose the name of this new syndrome to be CK syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Temperatur und Holzfeuchte auf das Versagensverhalten von ausgewählten Klebstoffen bei Zugscherbeanspruchung
Authors: Niemz Peter , Allenspach Karin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn drei verschiedenen Klebstoffen wurde der Einfluss von Temperatur und relativer Luftfeuchte auf die Scherfestigkeit im Zugscherversuch geprüft. Es wurden zwei handelsübliche Klebstoffe (PVAc, Harnstoffharz) und ein labortechnisch hergestellter 1KPUR bei erhöhter Temperatur und relativer Luftfeuchte geprüft. Ergänzend wurde mittels Video Image Correlation die Verzerrung im Bereich der Klebfuge ermittelt und daraus ein Schubmodul der Klebfuge berechnet.Studies on the influence of temperature and timber moisture on the failure behaviour of selected adhesives under tensile shear load.The influence of temperature and relative humidity on shear strength was tested in a tensile shear test with three different adhesives. Two standard adhesives (PVAc, urea resin) and a 1KPUR (one‐component polyurethane adhesive) produced in the laboratory were tested at a high temperature along with relative humidity. In addition distortion around the glue joint was measured by means of video image correlation and a shear modulus of the glue joint calculated from this.
Regelung und Steuerung von thermoaktiven Bauteilsystemen (TABS)
Authors: Tödtli Jürg , Gwerder Markus , Renggli Franz , Güntensperger Werner , Lehmann Beat , Dorer Viktor , Hildebrand Kurt 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThermoaktive Bauteilsysteme (TABS) haben eine zunehmende Bedeutung bei der energieeffizienten Kühlung und Heizung von Gebäuden, doch ihre Regelung/Steuerung führt in der Praxis oft zu Problemen. Mit dem Ziel, diese Probleme in den Griff zu bekommen, wurde vor fünf Jahren das Forschungsprojekt TABS‐Control gestartet, das zu Beginnd des Jahres 2009 abgeschlossen wurde. Es wurden folgende wesentliche Resultate erarbeitet: Modelle und Simulationsprogramme für TABS; Performance‐Bound‐Berechnungen für die Zonenregelung; eine Auswahl von Regel‐/ Steuer‐Strategien für die Zonenregelung, u. a. mit Lösungen für das automatische Umschalten zwischen Heizen und Kühlen, für den Taktbetrieb der Zonenpumpe und für eine Raumtemperaturregelung; Implementierung von Standardlösungen in einem Gebäudeautomationssystem; Labortests; das neue UBB‐Planungsverfahren (Unknown‐But‐Bounded) zur integrierten Planung von TABS und ihrer Regelung/Steuerung; ein Excel‐Planungstool; Richtlinien zur Wahl der Topologie der hydraulischen Schaltung; eine Methode zur Betriebsoptimierung; eine theoretische Grundlage (UBB‐Ansatz) für das neue integrierte Planungsverfahren und die neuen Regel‐/Steuer‐Strategien; eine Patentanmeldung.Regulation and control of thermally activated building systems (TABS).Thermally activated building systems (TABS) are becoming increasingly important in terms of energy efficient cooling and heating of buildings. In practice, however, regulation and control of such systems often causes problems. Started five years ago with the aim of getting to grips with these problems, the TABS Control research project was completed in early 2009. The project yielded the following results: various models and simulation programs for TABS; performance‐bound calculations for regulating zones; a range of zone regulation/control strategies for planners to choose from, including good solutions for automatic switching between heating and cooling, for pulsed operation of the zone pump and for room temperature control; the implementation of a subset of these strategies as standard solutions in a Siemens building automation system; laboratory tests on these strategies; a new procedure for the integrated planning of TABS and their regulation/control (referred to as UBB planning procedure – Unknown But Bounded); an Excel planning tool; guidelines on selecting the hydraulic switching topology; a method for operation optimization; the theoretical basis for the new integrated planning procedure and the new regulation/ control strategies; a patent application.
Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Extract from Agrimonia pilosaLedeb and Its Fractions
Authors: Zhu Liancai , Tan Jun , Wang Bochu , He Rui , Liu Yuping , Zheng Chao 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAgrimonia pilosa Ledeb is used as the tonic for asthenia and fatigue in China. Considering that the energizing effect might be correlated with antioxidant properties, we investigated the antioxidant activities of aqueous extract (AE) from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb by assessing radical‐scavenging and anti‐lipid‐peroxidation abilities. We found that AE shows a moderate antioxidant activity to scavenge DPPH., O$\rm{ {_{2}^{-{^\cdot} }}}$, and .OH and inhibit β‐carotene bleaching with IC50 values of 13.0, 33.2, 351, and 11.9 μg/ml, respectively, while its AcOEt‐soluble fraction (ESF) and BuOH soluble fraction (BSF) exhibit remarkable efficiencies. The ESF's IC50 values of scavenging DPPH., O$\rm{ {_{2}^{-{^\cdot} }}}$, and .OH, and inhibiting β‐carotene bleaching are 5.6, 5.8, 171, and 7.6 μg/ml, respectively, and those of BSF are 7.5, 8.4, 82.0, and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, we found that there is a significant correlation between total phenol content and the antioxidant activity determined by O$\rm{ {_{2}^{-{^\cdot} }}}$ and .OH scavenging, and β‐carotene‐bleaching assays. Furthermore, HPLC analysis revealed the presence of quercetin, hyperoside, quercitrin, taxifoliol, luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, and rutin in Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Thus, we suggest that the extracts from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, could be considered as natural antioxidant sources and dietary nutritional supplements to prevent oxidation‐related diseases.
Synthesis and Na+/H+ Exchanger‐1 Inhibitory Activity of Substituted (Quinolinecarbonyl)guanidine Derivatives
Authors: Mao Dan , Xu Yungen , Hu Xiaoping , Zhang Guomin , Dong Jin , Gong Guoqing 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) is a protein expressed in many mammalian cell types. It is involved in intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis by exchanging extracellular Na+ for intracellular H+. To date, nine NHE isoforms (NHE1–NHE9) have been identified. NHE1 is the most predominant isoform expressed in mammalian cardiac muscle. A novel series of substituted (quinolinecarbonyl)guanidine derivatives were designed and synthesized as NHE inhibitors. Most compounds can inhibit NHE1‐mediated platelet swelling in a concentration‐dependent manner, among which compound 7f was the most active and more potent than cariporide. Furthermore, compound 7f has also been demonstrated to exhibit the in vivo cardioprotective effects against SD rat myocardial ischemic‐reperfusion injury superior to those of cariporide.
Chemical Constituents from the Whole Plant of Gaultheria itoanaHayata
Authors: Chen Chung‐Yi , Lin Rong‐Jyh , Huang Jin‐Cherng , Wu Yi‐Hung , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Hung His‐Chou , Lo Wen‐Li 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo new diterpenoids, 14,18‐dihydroxyabieta‐8,11,13‐trien‐7‐one (1) and 13‐acetyl‐14,18‐dihydroxy‐podocarpa‐8,11,13‐triene (2), together with eight known compounds, i.e., gaultheric acid (3), vanillic acid (4), 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (5), cinnamic acid (6), stearic acid (7), palmitic acid (8), β‐sitosterol (9), and stigmasterol (10), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the whole plant of Gaultheria itoana Hayata (Ericaceae). The structures of the new constituents were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR) and by mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS). Among them, 1 and 2 were demonstrated to exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against the LNCaP cell line.
Chemical Constituents of Crinum asiaticum L. var. sinicumBaker and Their Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Sun Qian , Shen Yun‐Heng , Tian Jun‐Mian , Tang Jian , Su Juan , Liu Run‐Hui , Li Hui‐Liang , Xu Xi‐Ke , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA phytochemical investigation of the bulbs of Crinum asiaticum L. var. sinicum Baker resulted in the isolation of two new alkaloids, asiaticumines A and B (1 and 2, resp.), together with 21 known compounds, including nine alkaloids, four amides, five phenolic compounds, and three flavonoids. All 23 compounds were isolated for the first time from Crinum asiaticum L. var. sinicum Baker. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. In addition, ten alkaloids, 1–10, were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human tumor cell lines A549, LOVO, HL‐60, and 6T‐CEM. Compounds 3, 4, and 7–10 selectively showed remarkable inhibition against one or more of the tested cell lines.
Further Daphniphyllum Alkaloids with Insecticidal Activity from the Bark of Daphniphyllum macropodumMiq.
Authors: Li Zhen‐Yu , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Irwin Dianne , Sheridan Jacqueline , Clough John , Chen Ping , Peng Shu‐Ying , Yang Yi‐Ming , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo new Daphniphyllum alkaloids, macropodumines J and K (1 and 2, resp.), together with six known structurally related alkaloids, 3–8, were isolated from the bark of Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. The structures of the new compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of their spectroscopic and chemical data. Macropodumine J (1) contains a CN group which is relatively rare in naturally occurring alkaloids. All isolated compounds were tested for their insecticidal activities against a number of insect species. Daphtenidine C (5) is the most active compound against Plutella xylostella. This is the first report of insecticidal properties of Daphniphyllum alkaloids.
Iteratively reweighted least squares minimization for sparse recovery
Authors: Daubechies Ingrid , DeVore Ronald , Fornasier Massimo , Güntürk C. Si̇nan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUnder certain conditions (known as therestricted isometry property, or RIP) on them×Nmatrix Φ (wherem<N), vectorsx∈ ℝNthat are sparse (i.e., have most of their entries equal to 0) can be recovered exactly fromy:= Φxeven though Φ−1(y) is typically an (N−m)—dimensional hyperplane; in addition,xis then equal to the element in Φ−1(y) of minimal 𝓁1‐norm. This minimal element can be identified via linear programming algorithms. We study an alternative method of determiningx, as the limit of aniteratively reweighted least squares(IRLS) algorithm. The main step of this IRLS finds, for a given weight vectorw, the element in Φ−1(y) with smallest 𝓁2(w)‐norm. Ifx(n)is the solution at iteration stepn, then the new weightw(n)is defined byw:= [|x|2+ ε]−1/2,i= 1, …,N, for a decreasing sequence of adaptively defined εn; this updated weight is then used to obtainx(n+ 1)and the process is repeated. We prove that when Φ satisfies the RIP conditions, the sequencex(n)converges for ally, regardless of whether Φ−1(y) contains a sparse vector. If there is a sparse vector in Φ−1(y), then the limit is this sparse vector, and whenx(n)is sufficiently close to the limit, the remaining steps of the algorithm converge exponentially fast (linear convergencein the terminology of numerical optimization). The same algorithm with the “heavier” weightw= [|x|2+ ε]−1+τ/2,i= 1, …,N, where 0 < τ < 1, can recover sparse solutions as well; more importantly, we show its local convergence is superlinear and approaches aquadraticrate for τ approaching 0. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dopamine receptors modulate ethanol's locomotor‐activating effects in preweanling rats
Authors: Arias Carlos , Mlewski Estela C. , Hansen Cristian , Molina Juan Carlos , Paglini Maria Gabriela , Spear Norman E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNear the end of the second postnatal week motor activity is increased soon after ethanol administration (2.5 g/kg) while sedation‐like effects prevail when blood ethanol levels reach peak values. This time course coincides with biphasic reinforcement (appetitive and aversive) effects of ethanol determined at the same age. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that ethanol‐induced activity during early development in the rat depends on the dopamine system, which is functional in modulating motor activity early in ontogeny. Experiments 1a and 1b tested ethanol‐induced activity (0 or 2.5 g/kg) after a D1‐like (SCH23390; 0, .015, .030, or .060 mg/kg) or a D2‐like (sulpiride; 0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) receptor antagonist, respectively. Ethanol‐induced stimulation was suppressed by SCH23390 or sulpiride. The dopaminergic antagonists had no effect on blood ethanol concentration (Experiments 2a and 2b). In Experiment 3, 2.5 g/kg ethanol increased dopamine concentration in striatal tissue as well as locomotor activity in infant Wistar rats. Adding to our previous results showing a reduction in ethanol induced activity by a GABA B agonist or a nonspecific opioid antagonist, the present experiments implicate both D1‐like and D2‐like dopamine receptors in ethanol‐induced locomotor stimulation during early development. According to these results, the same mechanisms that modulate ethanol‐mediated locomotor stimulation in adult rodents seem to regulate this particular ethanol effect in the infant rat. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 13–23, 2010
Role of VEGF and tissue hypoxia in patterning of neural and vascular cells recruited to the embryonic heart
Authors: Liu Hongbin , Yang Qiwei , Radhakrishnan Krishnan , Whitfield Dedra E. , Everhart Camille L. M. , Parsons‐Wingerter Patricia , Fisher Steven A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe hypothesized that oxygen gradients and hypoxia‐responsive signaling may play a role in the patterning of neural or vascular cells recruited to the developing heart. Endothelial progenitor and neural cells are recruited to and form branched structures adjacent to the relatively hypoxic outflow tract (OFT) myocardium from stages 27–32 (ED6.5–7.5) of chick development. As determined by whole mount confocal microscopy, the neural and vascular structures were not anatomically associated. Adenoviral delivery of a VEGF trap dramatically affected the remodeling of the vascular plexus into a coronary tree while neuronal branching was normal. Both neuronal and vascular branching was diminished in the hearts of embryos incubated under hyperoxic conditions. Quantitative analysis of the vascular defects using our recently developed VESGEN program demonstrated reduced small vessel branching and increased vessel diameters. We propose that vascular and neural patterning in the developing heart share dependence on tissue oxygen gradients but are not interdependent. Developmental Dynamics 238:2760–2769, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional characterization of cardiac progenitor cells and their derivatives in the embryonic heart post‐chamber formation
Authors: McMullen Nichole M. , Zhang Feixiong , Hotchkiss Adam , Bretzner Frederic , Wilson Jennifer M. , Ma Hong , Wafa Karim , Brownstone Robert M. , Pasumarthi Kishore B.S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThere is scant information on the fate of cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) in the embryonic heart after chamber specification. Here we simultaneously tracked three lineage‐specific markers (Nkx2.5, MLC2v, and ANF) and confirmed that CPCs with an Nkx2.5+MLC2v−ANF− phenotype are present in the embryonic (E) day 11.5 mouse ventricular myocardium. We demonstrated that these CPCs could give rise to working cardiomyocytes and conduction system cells. Using a two‐photon imaging analysis, we found that the majority of CPCs are not capable of developing Ca2+ transients in response to β‐adrenergic receptor stimulation. In contrast, Nkx2.5+ cells expressing MLC2v but not ANF are capable of developing functional Ca2+ transients. We showed that Ca2+ transients could be invoked in Nkx2.5+MLC2v+ANF+ cells only upon inhibition of Gi, muscarinic receptors, or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) signaling pathways. Our data suggest that these inhibitory pathways may delay functional specification in a subset of developing ventricular cells. Developmental Dynamics 238:2787–2799, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A developmental study of enteric neuron migration in the grasshopper using immunological probes
Authors: Knipp Sabine , Bicker Gerd 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMotility of enteric plexus neurons in the grasshopper Locusta migratoria depends critically on the NO/cGMP signaling cascade. This is reflected in a strong NO‐dependent cGMP staining in migrating enteric midgut neurons. In contrast, first cGMP immunoreactivity (cGMP‐IR) in the foregut enteric ganglia was detected clearly after the main migratory processes have taken place. Thus, expression of cGMP‐IR in migrating neurons is a distinct phenomenon restricted to neurons forming midgut and foregut plexus, that does not occur during convergence of neurons forming the enteric ganglia. Analysis of time lapse video microscopy of migrating midgut neurons together with an immunofluorescence study of midgut cellular structures suggests a contribution of the midgut musculature to enteric neuron guidance. Additionally, during midgut plexus formation a fasciculating signal for enteric neuron neurites appears to be provided by the cell adhesion molecule Fasciclin I. Developmental Dynamics 238:2837–2849, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosomal position mediates spinal cord expression of a dbx1a enhancer
Authors: Gribble Suzanna L. , Nikolaus O. Brant , Carver M. Scott , Hoshijima Kazuyuki , Dorsky Richard I. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDbx homeodomain proteins are important for the production of multiple spinal cord cell types. To examine the regulation of Dbx genes in more detail, we have generated transgenic zebrafish in which fluorescent protein expression is driven by predicted dbx1a enhancers. We identified three areas of sequence conservation upstream of the dbx1a coding sequence and generated fluorescent reporter constructs driven by these predicted enhancer elements and the endogenous dbx1a promoter. In multiple stable insertions of a 3.5‐kb enhancer fragment, we observed that there was additional reporter expression in the dorsal spinal cord not normally observed by dbx1a in situ hybridization. In addition, these lines exhibited only transient reporter expression, unlike the endogenous gene. Surprisingly, a single insertion line expressed the reporter in the endogenous pattern, indicating that other local regulatory elements modulate gene expression through the 3.5‐kb enhancer. Developmental Dynamics 238:2929–2935, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequence and expression of the zebrafish alpha‐actinin gene family reveals conservation and diversification among vertebrates
Authors: Holterhoff Christopher K. , Saunders Rebecca H. , Brito Erika E. , Wagner Daniel S. 
Published: October 2009

Abstractalpha‐actinins are actin microfilament crosslinking proteins. Vertebrate actinins fall into two classes: the broadly‐expressed actinins 1 and 4 (actn1 and actn4) and muscle‐specific actinins, actn2 and actn3. Members of this family have numerous roles, including regulation of cell adhesion, cell differentiation, directed cell motility, intracellular signaling, and stabilization of f‐actin at the sarcomeric Z‐line in muscle. Here we identify five zebrafish actinin genes including two paralogs of ACTN3. We describe the temporal and spatial expression patterns of these genes through embryonic development. All zebrafish actinin genes have unique expression profiles, indicating specialization of each gene. In particular, the muscle actinins display preferential expression in different domains of axial, pharyngeal, and cranial musculature. There is no identified avian actn3 and approximately 16% of humans are null for ACTN3. Duplication of actn3 in the zebrafish indicates that variation in actn3 expression may promote physiological diversity in muscle function among vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 238:2936–2947, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fzd3andFzd6deficiency results in a severe midbrain morphogenesis defect
Authors: Stuebner Sebastian , Faus‐Kessler Theresa , Fischer Thomas , Wurst Wolfgang , Prakash Nilima 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWnt/β‐catenin signaling controls the proper development of the mid‐/hindbrain region (MHR) and of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, but the Frizzled (Fzd) receptors transducing these signals are still unknown.Fzd3is expressed throughout the mouse anterior neural tube, whereasFzd6is restricted to the MHR. We show that the MHR is properly established and mDA neurons develop normally inFzd6−/−mutants, but the number of mDA neurons is initially reduced and recovers at later stages inFzd3−/−embryos.Fzd3−/−;Fzd6−/−double mutants exhibit a severe midbrain morphogenesis defect consisting of collapsed brain ventricles, apparent thickening of the neuroepithelium, focal disruption of the ventricular basal lamina and protrusion of individual cells, and increased proliferation at later stages, despite a normal closure of the anterior neural tube and the rescue of the mDA defect in these embryos. Fzd3 and Fzd6 thus control proper midbrain morphogenesis by a yet unknown mechanism in the mouse. Developmental Dynamics 239:246–260, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic and Electrochemical Properties of a Heterobridged μ‐Phenoxido–μ1,1‐Azide Dinickel(II) Compound: A Unique Example Demonstrating the Bridge Distance Dependency of Exchange Integral
Authors: Koner Rajesh , Hazra Susanta , Fleck Michel , Jana Arpita , Lucas C. Robert , Mohanta Sasankasekhar 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe synthesis, structure, magnetic and electrochemical properties of the heterobridged μ‐phenoxido–μ1,1‐azide dinickel(II) compound [NiII2(HL1)3(μ1,1‐N3)]·3H2O (1) derived from the tetradentate Schiff base ligand N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐3‐methoxysalicylaldimine (H2L1) are described. The title compound crystallizes in the triclinic system (space group P$\bar {1}$). Electrochemical analyses reveal that compound 1 exhibits two‐step quasireversible couples in the reduction window with E1/2 values of –1412 and –1762 mV. The variable‐temperature (2–300 K) magnetic susceptibilities at 1 T of the title compound were measured. The interaction between the metal centres is weak ferromagnetic (J = 5.0 cm–1, g = 2.23, D1 = 29.2 cm–1 and D2 = 10.7 cm–1). Comparison of the exchange integral of 1 with that of the only reported μ‐phenoxido–μ1,1‐azide dinickel(II) compound results in the emergence of a unique example of the dependence of strength of magnetic exchange interaction on the metal–ligand bridge distance. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)