bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, histologic, and bacteriologic findings in dairy cows with digital dermatitis (footwarts) one month after topical treatment with lincomycin hydrochloride or oxytetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Berry Steven L. , Read Deryck H. , Walker Richard L. , Famula Thomas R. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Objective—To compare the effectiveness of lincomycin and oxytetracycline for treatment of digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cows through gross visual examination, histologic evaluation, and bacteriologic evaluation.
Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Animals—25 cows with DD lesions from a commercial Holstein dairy herd.
Procedures—Cows with DD lesions were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: topical treatment with 10 g of lincomycin hydrochloride (n = 11), topical treatment with 10 g of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (11), and no treatment (3) on days 1 and 2 (d1). Biopsy specimens were obtained for histologic examination from DD lesions prior to treatment and 28 or 31 days (d30) after treatment for histologic examination. Cows were clinically examined on d1, days 12 or 14 (d14), and d30.
Results—No difference was evident in clinical responses to lincomycin and oxytetracycline, so data were pooled; at d30, 8 of 11 of lincomycin-treated lesions and 7 of 11 oxytetracycline-treated lesions appeared visually healed, respectively. Gross visual examination suggested 73% (16/22) of treated cows were healed at d14 and 68% (15/22) of treated cows were healed on d30. Of the 15 lesions that appeared healed on d30, 7 of 15 were classified histologically as active (ulceration and bacterial invasion; 2/15) or incipient (5/15).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clinical responses to lincomycin and oxytetracycline did not differ. Agreement was good between gross visual and histologic assessments of DD lesions before treatment; agreement 1 month after treatment was variable. Histologic evaluation could not distinguish incomplete healing from lesion recurrence.
Toward Psycho-robots
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei Yu. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
We try to perform geometrization of psychology by representing mental states, “ideas,” by points of a metric space–mental space. Evolution of ideas is described by dynamical systems in metric mental space. We apply the mental space approach for modeling of flows of unconscious and conscious information in the human brain. In a series of models, Models 1-4, we consider cognitive systems with increasing complexity of psychological behavior determined by the structure of flows of ideas. Since our models are in fact models of the AI-type, one immediately recognizes that they can be used for creation of AI-systems, which we call psycho-robots, exhibiting important elements of the human psyche. Creation of such psycho-robots may be useful in the improvement of domestic robots. At the moment domestic robots are merely simple working devices (e.g. vacuum cleaners or lawn mowers). However, in future one can expect demand for systems which can not only perform simple work tasks, but also have elements of human self-developing psyche. Such AI-psyche could play an important role both in relations between psycho-robots and their owners as well as between psycho-robots. Since the presence of a huge numbers of psycho-complexes is an essential characteristic of human psychology, it would be interesting to model them in the AI-framework.
Foot problems of female medical personnel: Subjective complaints and results of the podometric test
Authors: Avota Marija , Raciborska Anita , Avots Andrejs 
Published: August 2010

Foot problems of female medical personnel: Subjective complaints and results of the podometric test
The research was carried out in a multi-profile clinic where female medical workers included nurses, doctors and nurse assistants. The number of respondents included in the data analysis of this research was 102. A standardised questionnaire was used to obtain data on age group, position, body mass index, physical activities, ergonomic factors at work, performed objective foot examination methods, awareness of the ways of feet deformation correction. A computerised foot diagnostic system Pad Professional was used to objectively assess the feet condition. The podometric examination was carried out on 78 respondents. The data indicated a widespread foot problem spread among medical workers. Of 102 respondents only 10 (4.2%) had no complaints, and of 78 respondents who underwent the podometric test, none were diagnosed as having a totally healthy foot. The podometric examination showed that 65 (83.3%), which was the vast majority of respondents, had transverse arch flattening. Explicit transverse arch flattening was diagnosed in 8 (10.3%) and longitudinal arch flattening in 5 (6.4%) respondents.
Organic solvents as chemical risk factors of the work environment in different branches of industry and possible impact of solvents on workers' health
Authors: Ārija Baķe Mārīte , Eglīte Maija , Martinsone Žanna , Buiķe Inita , Piķe Anita , Sudmalis Pāvels 
Published: August 2010

Organic solvents as chemical risk factors of the work environment in different branches of industry and possible impact of solvents on workers' health
The aim of our study was to investigate organic solvents as chemical risk factors of the work environment in different branches of the industry in Latvia during 1998-2006 and to evaluate the possible impact of solvents to worker health according to the exposure index. The work conditions were studied in 116 enterprises of different branches of industries in Latvia. The analysis of 1790 measurements showed that organic solvents in the work environment have different degrees of exposure probability risk on worker health. The exposure levels in workplaces differ. More than half of surveyed workplaces (56.7%) had a low organic solvent exposure probability level, in 25.2% workplaces it was medium, and in 18.1% workplaces high. The most widely used organic solvents were aromatic hydrocarbons, which was recorded in 35% of the measurements made during assessment of aromatic hydrocarbon group organic solvent exposure in the work environment. In most workplaces several solvents were present simultaneously. Since solvents have a one-way effect on the human body, the actual exposure risk level is higher than shown when evaluating the exposure index of a single solvent only.
Investigation of occupational morbidity in wood processing industry in comparison with other manufacturing industries and with occupational morbidity in Latvia at large
Authors: Eglīte Maija , Vanadziņš Ivars , Reste Jeļena , Čurbakova Elvīra , Cīrule Jolanta , Ķeire Sigita 
Published: August 2010

Investigation of occupational morbidity in wood processing industry in comparison with other manufacturing industries and with occupational morbidity in Latvia at large
The aim of the study was to investigate occupational morbidity in the wood processing industry to gain understanding of the real situation of occupational health and to improve the diagnostics of occupational diseases. The occupational morbidity in Latvia has gradually increased from 1993 to 2004, with a slight decrease in 2005 and 2006 followed by an increase in 2007. In the year 2004, the number of first-time occupational diseases patients exceeded the number of occupational diseases patients registered in the year 1993 by 9.5, but the number of registered first-time incidences of occupational diseases in comparison with 1993 had increased by 14.5 times. In the manufacturing industry, wood and cork production, a trend of increasing rate of occupational diseases can also be observed in Latvia. A particularly rapid increase was observed in specific illnesses related to the musculoskeletal and connective tissue system, carpal tunnel syndrome as well as to occupational hearing loss, which might be explained by changes in the occupational risk factors. Despite an increase in the total number of occupational diseases in the industry of wood and cork products over the whole study period, these industries have lower levels of occupational diseases in comparison with occupational morbidity in such fields as health and social care, the extraction industry and quarry management, transportation and transport services, communications and telecommunications. In developed European Union countries, over the last few years, the number of occupational diseases has decreased, while there has been an increasing trend in Latvia. This can be explained by the fact that the working conditions in the European Union have been improving over the last few decades, and correspondingly the number of occupational diseases is decreasing. However, in Latvia, the diagnostics of the occupational diseases is rapidly improving, while improvement of working conditions has started relatively recently. Furthermore, the process has not been rapid, and therefore, results could be expected only in the future.
Estimation of risk factors of the work environment and analysis of employees' self estimation in the wood processing industry
Authors: Vanadziņš Ivars , Eglīte Maija , Baķe Mārīte , Sprūdža Dagmāra , Martinsone Žanna , Mārtiņsone Inese , Rusakova Ņina , Piķe Anita , Sudmalis Pāvels 
Published: August 2010

Estimation of risk factors of the work environment and analysis of employees' self estimation in the wood processing industry
The aims of our study were to determine risk factors of the work environment in the wood processing industry in Latvia during 1998-2006, to conduct a survey and self- evaluation of health of the employees and to elaborate a set of preventive measures for improvement of the work environment. The work conditions in wood processing companies in Latvia over the study period were poor; of a total of 940 evaluated workplaces/processes in more than one half of cases (n = 483), the risk factors of the working environment exceeded the occupational exposure limits. Measurements made in wood processing and furniture manufacturing most frequently limiting values or recommended values of the occupational exposure were exceeded for noise, indoor air, lighting, welding spray, whole-body vibration, wood dust and other risk factors. Self-evaluation of health by employees indicates that the main health problems were pain in the back and joints, poor hearing, eye irritation, skin irritation and inflammation, chronic coughing, rhinitis, recurring windpipe inflammations, and frequent headaches. Self-evaluation of employees indicated poor diagnostics of occupational diseases and work related diseases as for 82% of the respondents with health complaints they were not confirmed with medical diagnosis.
Evaluation of work conditions and occupational health risk factors in enterprises within a 10-year period in Latvia
Authors: Sprūdža Dagmāra , Eglīte Maija , Baķe Mārīte , Martinsone Žanna , Matisāne Linda , Mārtiņsone Inese , Piķe Anita , Vanadziņš Ivars , Kluša Vija 
Published: August 2010

Evaluation of work conditions and occupational health risk factors in enterprises within a 10-year period in Latvia
The objective of the study was to conduct a survey in the field of occupational health and safety the results of which could be used in rational and effective decision making for elaboration of employment and social policy programmes and for ensuring occupational safety and health programme development. During the study the following groups of people were surveyed: employers, occupational health and safety specialists, and employees. The traditional work risk factors (physical, chemical, biological) have changed to new risks (psychosocial, ergonomic, microclimatic) in Latvia today. The study included objective assessment of occupational health and safety situation (analysis of work environment risk factors measurement data bases, information on occupational diseases, workplace accidents). Results of measurements showed that one-third of measured risk factors values exceeded mandatory or recommended limits but situation has been improved during the last years (2002 compared to 2006). The results of surveys reveal insufficient assessment of risk factors in workplaces and selection of most hazardous ones only. Awareness and understanding of employers and employees regarding occupational health and safety requirements was dissatisfactory. The results of the study reveal a low level of workplace accidents compared to other countries within EU, which may be the result of poor registration system in Latvia. Strengthening of occupational safety and health normative basis and improvement of qualification of occupational physicians has increased the number of occupational diseases and patients revealed for the first time from 1996 to 2006. Early diagnose of occupational diseases and effective rehabilitation is an important question to favour a more rapid return of workforce after occupational morbidity. Study showed that attention should further be paid to simplification of legal requirements, development of alternative methods for informing and educating people, as well as recurrent definition of national indicators to assess efficacy of implemented measures related to occupational health and safety.
Long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of cervical disc replacement with the Prestige disc: results from a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Burkus J. Kenneth , Haid Regis W. , Traynelis Vincent C. , Mummaneni Praveen V. 
Published: September 2010

Object
The purpose of this study was to determine long-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing anterior cervical surgery in which a cervical disc prosthesis was used to treat single-level degenerative cervical disc disease.

Methods
In this prospective, nonblinded study, 541 patients at 32 investigational sites were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. The results of the investigational group, in which patients received the Prestige disc prosthesis, were compared with those of the control group, in which patients underwent an instrumented interbody fusion. Data were collected preoperatively, intraoperatively, and at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months postoperatively. To date, 271 patients have completed 5 years of clinical follow-up (144 investigational and 127 control patients).

Results
Significant improvements in Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores, Physical Component Summary scores of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and neck and arm pain scores were achieved by 1.5 months in both groups and sustained at 5 years. The mean NDI improvements from preoperative scores were 35.4, 36.3, and 38.4 at 24, 36, and 60 months, respectively, in the investigational group. The corresponding mean NDI improvements were 33.9, 31.3, and 34.1 in the control group. The intergroup differences at both 36 and 60 months were significant (p = 0.008 and 0.022, respectively). The overall rates of maintenance or improvement in neurological status in the investigational group were 91.6%, 92.8%, and 95.0%, respectively, at 24, 36, and 60 months compared with 83.6%, 83.2%, and 88.9% in the control group (p = 0.006, 0.004, and 0.051, respectively). The implant effectively maintained angular motion, averaging more than 7.3° at 36 months and 6.5° at 60 months after surgery. No implant migration was observed up to 60 months. There were statistically significant differences between the investigational and control groups with regard to the rate of revision and supplemental fixation surgical procedures performed subsequent to the index procedure. Additional surgical procedures for adjacent-segment disease were observed in both treatment groups. Rates for surgery at adjacent levels trended lower in the investigational group (8 patients [11 surgeries]) compared with those in the control group (13 patients [16 surgeries]), but the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.376). Some of the second surgeries involved both index and adjacent levels.

Conclusions
The Prestige disc maintains improved clinical outcomes and segmental motion after implantation at 5-year follow-up.
Diffuse and uncontrolled vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in rapidly progressing pediatric moyamoya disease
Authors: Reid Amy J. , Bhattacharjee Meenakshi B. , Regalado Ellen S. , Milewicz Allen L. , El-Hakam Lisa M. , Dauser Robert C. , Milewicz Dianna M. 
Published: September 2010

Moyamoya disease is a rare stroke syndrome of unknown etiology resulting from stenosis or occlusion of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) in association with an abnormal vascular network in the basal ganglia. Although the highest incidence of moyamoya disease is in pediatric patients, pathology reports have been primarily limited to adult samples and describe occlusive fibrocellular lesions in the intimae of affected arteries.
We describe the case of a young girl with primary moyamoya disease who presented at 18 months of age with right hemiparesis following an ischemic stroke. Angiography showed stenosis of the distal left ICA, left middle cerebral artery, and right ICA. An emergent left-sided dural inversion was performed. Recurrent strokes and alternating hemiplegia necessitated a right dural inversion 6 months later. Nonetheless, her aggressive disease proved uniquely refractory to surgical revascularization, and she succumbed to recurrent strokes and neurological deterioration at 2.5 years of age. Pathological specimens revealed a striking bilateral occlusion of the anterior carotid circulation resulting from intimal proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Most strikingly, the ascending aorta and the superior mesenteric artery demonstrated similar intimal proliferation, along with SMC proliferation in the media. The systemic pathology involving multiple arteries in this extremely young child, the first case of its kind available for autopsy, suggests that globally uncontrolled SMC proliferation, in the absence of environmental risk factors and likely resulting from an underlying genetic alteration, may be a primary etiologic event leading to moymoya disease.
Development of Treatment Technology for Dye Containing Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Mozumder M. S. I. , Islam M. A. 
Published: September 2010

The removal of Congo red was carried out by heating with changing pH, using coagulant and by adsorption. Acidic pH was favorable for the removal of Congo red by heating. It is possible to remove a major portion of Congo red just by decreasing the pH (< 4). Removal studies suggest that coagulation might be the major mode of dye removal. It is becoming a promising alternative to replace or supplement the present dye removal processes from wastewater. In these studies, removal of Congo red from aqueous solution by coagulation and flocculation was investigated. Treatment with alum and lime was found to be the most effective. Activated charcoal is also an effective adsorbent for the removal of Congo red. From the isotherm (Langmuir and Freundlich) and kinetics study we find that the Congo red-activated charcoal system has high affinity and capacity. Keywords: Congo red; Coagulation; pH; Temperature; Adsorption; Activated charcoal. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4302 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 569-578 (2010)
Screening of Extracellular Keratinase Producing Bacteria from Feather Processing Areas in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Prasad V H. , Kumar G. , L Kartik , KV B. Rao 
Published: September 2010

The aim of the current study was to isolate keratinolytic bacteria from the soil samples collected from different feather processing areas in Vellore, TN, India. The isolation was performed by serial dilution and plating method. Total eight bacteria were isolated from the collected soil samples. All isolates were screened for keratinolytic activity by Casein agar plate method, among eight bacterial isolates only one (H5) isolate showed the keratinolytic activity in Casein agar medium. H5 isolate (potential strain) was identified as Bacillus sp. by microscopic and biochemical experiments. The best enzyme activity was observed at pH 7 and temperature 30ºC. Keywords: Keratinolytic; Spread plate method; Bacillus sp.; Bacteria. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4567 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 559-565 (2010)
HPGe Detector Energy Response Function Calculation Up to 400 keV Based on Monte Carlo Code
Authors: Rahman M. S. , Cho G. 
Published: September 2010

A high purity germanium detector (HPGe) of crystal size of diameter 4.91 cm and length of 3.6 cm was modeled in accordance with the Pop Top cryostat configuration (model no. GEM10P4). The energy response function was calculated in the air using Monte Carlo simulation with mono-energy g-ray photon up to 400 keV. The distance between the source and the front surface or end cap to detector was 20 cm and the source was assumed as an isotopic point source. The aluminum absorbing layers of thickness 0.127 cm was also taken into consideration in the simulation model. The input number of particles was 107 for each mono-energetic g-ray photon. The simulated energy response functions were verified with the measured energy response functions obtained using calibration sources in order to prove the accuracy of the modeling. The comparison between the measured energy response functions and the simulated energy response functions after normalization were also performed. Keywords: HPGe; Gamma-ray spectrum; Monte Carlo. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4668 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 479-483 (2010)
Synthesis¸ Characterization and Biological Activity of a Schiff Base Derived from 3-Ethoxy Salicylaldehyde and 2-Amino Benzoic acid and its Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Mounika K. , Pragathi A. , Gyanakumari C. 
Published: September 2010

A new Schiff base, 3-ethoxy salicylidene amino benzoic acid (ETSAN), has been synthesized from 3-ethoxy salicylaldehyde and 2-amino benzoic acid. Metal complexes of the Schiff base were prepared from nitrate/chloride salts of Ni(II), Co(II) Cu(II) and Zn(II) in an alcoholic medium. The complexes were non-electrolytes in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent (DMSO). The chemical structures of the Schiff-base ligand and its metal complexes were confirmed by various spectroscopic studies like IR, UV-VIS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-mass spectra, elemental analysis, molar conductance, thermogravimetric studies and magnetic susceptibility measurements. On the basis of elemental and spectral studies, six-coordinated geometry was assigned to these complexes. In the light of these results, it is suggested that this ligand acts as neutral and tridentate and coordinates to each metal atom by azomethine nitrogen and oxygen atoms of hydroxyl group of the 3-ethoxy salicylaldehyde, besides the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl group of 2-amino benzoic acid. The mass spectral data confirms the monomeric structure of the metal complexes while the TGA studies confirm the presence of water molecules in the complex. The free Schiff base and its complexes have been tested for their antibacterial as well as antifungal activity by using disc diffusion method and the results discussed. Keywords: Schiff base; 3-ethoxy salicylaldehyde; 2-amino benzoic acid; Metal complexes; Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4899 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 513-524 (2010)