bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of ferulic acid during growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus collinoides
Authors: Knockaert Dries , Raes Katleen , Wille Christophe , Struijs Karin , Van Camp John 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Food‐isolated lactic acid bacteria can transform ferulic acid (FA) into several products. Since quantification of these metabolites during the different bacterial growth phases is lacking, the aim of this study was to identify and quantify conversion products of FA and to follow the kinetics of FA metabolism during growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus collinoides.RESULTS: Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus collinoides were incubated in MRS broth, to which different amounts of FA were added (final concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.5 and 3 mmol L−1), at 30 °C until the late stationary phase. Lactobacillus plantarum metabolised FA into 4‐vinylguaiacol (4‐VG) and hydroferulic acid (HFA). Conversion to 4‐VG started simultaneously with the degradation of FA, while formation of HFA started in the mid‐exponential phase. Lactobacillus collinoides only formed 4‐VG, mainly in the stationary phase. No significant effect of the different amounts of FA was seen on the growth and fermentation characteristics of both bacteria.CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that both bacteria are able to convert FA. However, start of conversion differs between the two strains. The different amounts of FA had no influence on the growth and fermentation characteristics of both bacteria. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The in vitro digestibility and absorption of magnesium in some edible seaweeds
Authors: Nakamura Eri , Yokota Hiroki , Matsui Tohru 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Many edible seaweeds are rich in magnesium (Mg). However, Mg absorption is low in some seaweeds because fibers in these seaweeds suppress Mg absorption. We hypothesize that Mg absorption from some other seaweeds is not low because of the diversity of fibers. We measured Mg concentration and Mg solubility after in vitro digestion in edible seaweeds, Aosa (Ulvaceae pertusa), Kombu (Laminaria japonica) and Funori (Gloiopeltis furcata). Then we determined Mg absorption in rats given diets containing these seaweeds or magnesium oxide as the major source of Mg, and calculated Mg absorption from seaweeds.RESULTS: The fractional apparent absorption of Mg in seaweeds was Kombu = magnesium oxide > Aosa = Funori. Mg concentration was Aosa > Kombu and Funori had an intermediate amount of Mg, while Mg solubility after in vitro digestion was Funori = Kombu > Aosa. Consequently, the absorbable Mg concentration was Aosa = Kombu > Funori.CONCLUSION: The absorption of Mg from different seaweeds differs and is not affected by the Mg solubility alone. The absorbable Mg concentration was high in Aosa and in Kombu, indicating that Aosa and Kombu are good sources of Mg. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Combined effects of E2F1 and E2F2 polymorphisms on risk and early onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Lu Meixia , Liu Zhensheng , Yu Hongping , Wang Li‐E , Li Guojun , Sturgis Erich M. , Johnson David G. , Wei Qingyi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDeregulated expression of most members of the E2F family has been detected in many human cancers. We examined the association of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of E2F transcription factors 1 and 2 (E2F1 and E2F2) with risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) in 1,096 SCCHN patients and 1,090 cancer‐free controls. We genotyped 10 selected SNPs in E2F1 and E2F2, including those at the near 5′‐untranslated region (UTR), microRNA (miRNA)‐binding sites at the near 3′‐UTR and tagSNPs according to bioinformatics analysis. Although none of the selected SNPs alone was significantly associated with risk of SCCHN, there was a statistically significantly increased risk of SCCHN associated with the combined risk genotypes (i.e., rs3213182 AA, rs3213183 GG, rs3213180 GG, rs321318121 GG, rs2742976 GT+TT, rs6667575 GA+AA, rs3218203 CC, rs3218148 AA, rs3218211 CC, and rs3218123 GT+TT). Compared with those with 0–4 risk genotypes, an increased risk was observed for those who carried 5–8 risk genotypes (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.86–1.26) and 9–10 risk genotypes (adjusted OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.14–2.30) in a dose–response manner (P = 0.045). Furthermore, the joint effect was more pronounced among patients with oropharyngeal cancer, younger adults (≤57 yr old), men, non‐smokers, non‐drinkers, and individuals with family history of cancer in first‐degree relatives. Additionally, we also observed that those with 5–10 risk genotypes had an earlier SCCHN onset than those with 0–4 risk genotypes, particularly for non‐smokers and/or non‐drinkers. We concluded that E2F1 and E2F2 genetic variants may jointly play important roles in head and neck carcinogenesis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and its metabolite 5‐sulfooxymethylfurfural on induction of colonic aberrant crypt foci in wild‐type mice and transgenic mice expressing human sulfotransferases 1A1 and 1A2
Authors: Florian Simone , Bauer‐Marinovic Morana , Taugner Felicitas , Dobbernack Gisela , Monien Bernhard H. , Meinl Walter , Glatt Hansruedi 
Published: February 2012

ScopeIt was reported that the Maillard product 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) initiates and promotes aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat colon. We studied whether 5‐sulfooxymethylfurfural (SMF), an electrophilic and mutagenic metabolite of HMF, is able to induce ACF in two murine models.Methods and resultsIn the first model, FVB/N mice received four intraperitoneal administrations of SMF (62.5 or 125 mg/kg) or azoxymethane (10 mg/kg). Animals were killed 4–40 weeks after the last treatment. A total of 1064 ACF and five adenocarcinomas were detected in the azoxymethane‐treated groups (20 animals), but none in the negative control and SMF‐treated groups (35 and 50 animals, respectively). In the second model, HMF was administered via drinking water to wild‐type FVB/N mice and transgenic mice carrying several copies of human sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 and 1A2 genes. HMF SULT activity was clearly elevated in cytosolic fractions of colon mucosa, liver and kidney of transgenic animals compared to wild‐type mice and humans. The animals (six per group) received 134 and 536 mg HMF/kg/day for 12 weeks. HMF did not induce any ACF either in wild‐type or transgenic animals.ConclusionWe found no evidence for an induction of ACF by HMF or its metabolite SMF in extensive studies in mice.
Determination of liquefaction susceptibility of soil: a least square support vector machine approach
Authors: Samui Pijush , Karthikeyan J. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThis article adopts least square support vector machine (LSSVM) for determination of liquefactions susceptibility of soil based on standard penetration test data. Two models (Models I and II) have been developed. For Model I, input variables are cyclic stress ratio and standard penetration test value (N). Model II employs peak ground acceleration and N as input variables. The developed LSSVM models (Models I and II) give equations for determination of liquefaction susceptibility of soil. The performances of Models I and II are the same. The developed LSSVM gives probabilistic output. The results of LSSVM have been compared with the artificial neural network model. This article shows that N and the peak ground acceleration are sufficient input parameters for determination of liquefaction susceptibility of soil. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Korrelative Licht‐ und Elektronenmikroskopie (CLEM)
Authors: Elli Alexandra F. , Thomas Christian , Böker Christian , Wiederspahn Markus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractKorrelative Mikroskopie bezeichnet die Verknüpfung von unterschiedlichen Mikroskopietechniken, sowohl gerätetechnisch als auch auf der Bildebene. Die Kombination verschiedener Verfahren an ein und derselben Probenstelle erlaubt einen zusätzlichen Informationsgewinn, da verschiedene, sich ergänzende Informationen räumlich zugeordnet und unterschiedliche Größenordnungen bezogen auf Auflösung und Bildfeld erfasst werden können. Automatisierte Systeme gewähren außerdem einen entscheidenden Zeitvorteil bei der Untersuchung.
Bilder berechnen – nicht nur aufnehmen
Authors: Fehr Janis , Jähne Bernd 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDas noch junge Forschungsgebiet der „Computational Photography”︁ besetzt die Schnittstelle zwischen technischer Optik, Computer Graphik, Bildverarbeitung und Bildanalyse. Grundlegendes Ziel ist, mittels algorithmischer („computation”︁) Ansätze die physikalischen Grenzen der traditionellen projektiven Kamera, wie begrenzte Tiefenschärfe, Auflösung und Verlust der dritten Dimension, zu überwinden. In diesem Tutorial wird zuerst der neue Ansatz des Computational Imaging erläutert und dann exemplarisch einige dieser neuen, zum Teil bereits kommerziell verfügbaren, „Computational”︁‐Kameras vorgestellt und deren Anwendung im Bereich der industriellen Bildverarbeitung diskutiert.
Use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs prior to chronic renal replacement therapy initiation: a nationwide study
Authors: Kristensen Søren Lund , Fosbøl Emil L. , Kamper Anne‐Lise , Køber Lars , Hommel Kristine , Lamberts Morten , Abildstrøm Steen Z. , Blicher Thalia M. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar H. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be associated with severe renal complications, including acute renal failure, reduced glomerular filtration rate and interstitial nephritis. Caution against NSAIDs is therefore recommended in advanced chronic kidney disease. In this study, we examined NSAID use, aetiology and comorbidity among a national cohort of patients before the initiation of chronic renal replacement therapy (RRT).MethodsPatients initiated on chronic RRT in the period 1997–2006 were identified in the Danish National Registry on Regular Dialysis and Transplantation, including etiological diagnosis. The use of NSAID before the start of RRT was studied by linkage to the National Prescription Register and comorbidity by linkage to the National Patient Registry.ResultsA total of 6663 patients were included in the study, and 2407 patients (36.1%) were prescribed NSAID in the 3 years before the start of RRT. These patients were older (mean age = 63.0 vs 61.4 years) and had a significantly higher degree of comorbidity (Charlson score = 2.85 vs 2.61, p < 0.05) compared with patients not treated with NSAIDs. In the 3 years leading up to RRT, the number of patients treated with NSAID each year and the cumulated median length of treatment including all NSAIDs were stable at approximately 20% and 40 days, respectively.ConclusionsIn this study of a nationwide group of patients, we observed a widespread use of NSAID with an unaffected high annual incidence in the 3 years leading up to the initiation of RRT. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced orientation of the water‐assisted injection‐molded ipp in the presence of nucleating agent
Authors: Zheng Guo‐Qiang , Jia Zhenhua , Liu Xianhu , Liu Baochen , Zhang Xiaoli , Dai Kun , Shao Chunguang , Zheng Xuejing , Liu Chuntai , Cao Wei , Chen Jingbo , Peng Xiangfang , Li Qian , Shen Changyu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe nucleated isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was molded by water‐assisted injection molding. The crystalline morphology and orientation distribution were studied. The results show that shear brought by melt filling and pressurized water penetration can separately induce the formation of oriented structures in skin region (i.e., the region near mold cavity wall) and the water channel region. For virgin iPP, slightly oriented lamellae appear exclusively in the above aforementioned regions. However, shish‐kebab structure occurs not only in skin and water channel region of the iPP containing moderate content of nucleator (0.2 wt%) but also in the whole region of the iPP containing a higher content of nucleator (1 wt%). It is well known that nucleator cannot directly induce the development of shish‐kebab in the absence of shear, thus the results indicate: shear flow actually distributes over a much broader range than expected; in shear field, nucleator is significantly helpful for the shear which is not sufficient to solely induce oriented structure to promote the formation of the oriented structure. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dynamic gray‐box modeling for on‐line monitoring of polymer extrusion viscosity
Authors: Liu Xueqin , Li Kang , McAfee Marion , Nguyen Bao Kha , McNally Gerard M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMelt viscosity is a key indicator of product quality in polymer extrusion processes. However, real time monitoring and control of viscosity is difficult to achieve. In this article, a novel “soft sensor” approach based on dynamic gray‐box modeling is proposed. The soft sensor involves a nonlinear finite impulse response model with adaptable linear parameters for real‐time prediction of the melt viscosity based on the process inputs; the model output is then used as an input of a model with a simple‐fixed structure to predict the barrel pressure which can be measured online. Finally, the predicted pressure is compared to the measured value and the corresponding error is used as a feedback signal to correct the viscosity estimate. This novel feedback structure enables the online adaptability of the viscosity model in response to modeling errors and disturbances, hence producing a reliable viscosity estimate. The experimental results on different material/die/extruder confirm the effectiveness of the proposed “soft sensor” method based on dynamic gray‐box modeling for real‐time monitoring and control of polymer extrusion processes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Anhydrous proton conductivity and chemical oxidation stability of amphoteric N‐methyl‐5‐vinyltetrazole‐based copolymers
Authors: Ye Sheng , Pu Hongting , Wan Decheng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPoly(N‐methyl‐5‐vinyltetrazole‐co‐5‐vinyltetrazole) (P(MVT‐VT)) with different N‐methyl‐5‐vinyltetrazole (MVT) contents was synthesized via the method of click chemistry and the methylation thereafter. The chemical structure of the copolymers was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Compared with that of poly(5‐vinyltetrazole) (PVT), the solubility of P(MVT‐VT) is improved. The chemical oxidation stability of the copolymer increases with increasing substitution value of the methyl group on the tetrazole ring. H3PO4 and imidazole (Imi) blended PVT and P(MVT‐VT) composite membranes were prepared. The proton conductivity of P(MVT‐VT)/H3PO4 and P(MVT‐VT)/Imi composite membranes decreases with increasing MVT content. After the methylation of the tetrazole ring, the amphoteric properties of P(MVT‐VT) is improved, which means either acid or base blended P(MVT‐VT) can exhibit suitable proton conductivity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of two side‐chain polymeric metal complexes containing 8‐hydroxyquinoline and fluorene units with Zn(II) and Cd(II)
Authors: Wen Gaojun , Zhang Lirong , Guo Lihui , Xiu Qian , Deng Jinyan , Zhong Chaofan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTwo novel side‐chain polymeric metal complexes (PF1 and PF2) containing 8‐hydroxyquinoline and fluorene units with Zn(II) and Cd(II) having donor‐acceptor π‐conjugated structure have been synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, UV‐visible and photoluminescence spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, elemental analysis and cyclic voltammetry. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on PF1 and PF2 as the dye sensitizers exhibit good device performance with solar‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency up to 0.32% (Jsc = 0.83 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.62 mV and FF = 0.62) and 0.24% (Jsc = 0.69 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.59 mV and FF = 0.60), respectively, under simulated AM 1.5 G solar irradiation (100 mW cm−2). The data show that these novel polymeric metal complexes are suitable for DSSCs. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Initiated PECVD of Organosilicon Coatings: A New Strategy to Enhance Monomer Structure Retention
Authors: Coclite Anna Maria , Gleason Karen K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new deposition method, initiated PECVD (iPECVD), is proposed for the formation of organosilicon polymers with enhanced monomer structure retention compared to conventional PECVD. The quasi‐selective fragmentation of an initiator is driven by a low power plasma discharge, as opposed to using a hot filament for initiator decomposition as in a standard, plasma‐free initiated CVD (iCVD). The weak peroxide bond (OO) in the initiator permits the formation of radical species at very low plasma power density (0.07 W · cm−2). Kinetic analysis of the deposition process indicates that the film formation rate follows the Arrhenius law, similarly to other iCVD process from organosilicon monomers. magnified image
On the unyielding hydrophobic core of villin headpiece
Authors: Brown Jeffrey W. , Farelli Jeremiah D. , McKnight C. James 
Published: February 2012

AbstractVillin headpiece (HP67) is a small, autonomously‐folding domain that has become a model system for understanding the fundamental tenets governing protein folding. In this communication, we explore the role that Leu61 plays in the structure and stability of the construct. Deletion of Leu61 results in a completely unfolded protein that cannot be expressed in Escherichia coli. Omission of only the aliphatic leucine side chain (HP67 L61G) perturbed neither the backbone conformation nor the orientation of local hydrophobic side chains. As a result, a large, solvent‐exposed hydrophobic pocket, a negative replica of the leucine side‐chain, was created on the surface. The loss of the hydrophobic interface between leucine 61 and the hydrophobic pocket destabilized the construct by ∼3.3 kcal/mol. Insertion of a single glycine residue immediately before Leu61 (HP67 L61[GL]) was also highly destabilizing and had the effect of altering the backbone conformation (α‐helix to π‐helix) in order to precisely preserve the wild‐type position and conformation of all hydrophobic residues, including Leu61. In addition to demonstrating that the hydrophobic side‐chain of Leu61 is critically important for the stability of villin headpiece, our results are consistent with the notion that the precise interactions present within the hydrophobic core, rather than the hydrogen bonds that define the secondary structure, specify a protein's fold.
Risk criteria, protection layers, and conditional modifiers
Authors: Summers Angela E. , Hearn William H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRisk analysis assesses the likelihood and consequence of events. The acceptability of the identified risk is determined by comparing it to a specified risk tolerance. The criteria applied depend on the analysis boundary, which may be the hazardous event or extend to the harm posed by the hazardous event. Risk analyses generally begin with a determination of the likelihood that the hazardous event occurs. This is where the process deviation exceeds the safe operating limit of the process resulting in loss of containment, release of hazardous materials, or other undesirable consequence. These analyses require estimation of the likelihood that the initiating event occurs and the probability that the proactive protection layers do not operate as required, allowing the hazardous event to occur. Reactive protection layers and conditional modifiers are considered when the analysis is evaluating the likelihood that harm is caused by the hazardous event.Various methods for performing risk analyses are discussed in several CCPS publications including Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis [CCPS/AIChE, Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, 2000], Hazard Evaluation Procedures [CCPS/AIChE, Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, 2008], and Layers of Protection Analysis [CCPS/AIChE, Layer of Protection Analysis: Simplified Process Risk Assessment, 2001]. However, the link between the selected risk criteria as described in Guidelines for Developing Quantitative Safety Risk Criteria [CCPS/AIChE, Guidelines for Developing Quantitative Safety Risk Criteria, 2009] and the factors considered in the analysis is not clearly described in these texts. Recognizing this opportunity, this article begins with a brief introduction to risk analysis concepts to provide a foundation for a discussion of the typical analysis boundaries and associated risk criteria. Then, it discusses how the analysis boundary and risk criteria affect the consideration of protection layers, enabling conditions, and conditional modifiers. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
Growth and spectroscopy of single lateral InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot molecules
Authors: Heldmaier Matthias , Hermannstädter Claus , Witzany Marcus , Wang Lijuan , Peng Jie , Rastelli Armando , Bester Gabriel , Schmidt Oliver G. , Michler Peter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLaterally coupled quantum dot molecules (QDMs) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We describe the challenging growth process as well as morphological studies of the produced samples leading to a promising theoretical approach to describe the properties of the QDMs using a many‐body pseudopotential approach. Extensive spectroscopic measurements on these laterally coupled QDMs were performed. We prove the single quantum system nature of the considered QDMs by photon‐correlation measurements and analyze the photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra under different aspects. The spectroscopic results are compared in detail to the performed theoretical calculations. Agreement between experiment and theory are presented, as well as, limitations of the model as indicated by most recent measurements. magnified imageAtomic‐force microscopy (AFM) image of a lateral QDM.
Excellent organic/inorganic transparent thin film moisture barrier entirely made by hot wire CVD at 100 °C
Authors: Spee Diederick , van der Werf Karine , Rath Jatin , Schropp Ruud 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe present a silicon nitride/polymer hybrid multilayer moisture barrier for flexible electronics made entirely by hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) at substrate temperatures below 100 °C. Using the initiated CVD (iCVD) variant of HWCVD for the polymer layers, these can be extremely thin, while efficiently decoupling the defects in consecutive inorganic layers. Although a single layer of low temperature SiNx is more prone to have pinholes than its state‐of‐the‐art high temperature equivalent, we have achieved a simple three‐layer structure consisting of two low‐temperature SiNx layers with a polymer layer in between, which is pinhole free and shows a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as low as 5 × 10–6 g/m2/day at a temperature of 60 °C and a relative humidity of 90%. This WVTR is low enough for organic devices. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)