bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐in‐human safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic results of DFV890, an oral low‐molecular‐weight NLRP3 inhibitor
Authors: Gatlik Ewa , Mehes Beata , Voltz Emilie , Sommer Ulrike , Tritto Elaine , Lestini Giulia , Liu Xiaoxi , Pal Parasar , Velinova Maria , Denney Wiliam S. , Fu Yunlin , Opipari Anthony , Dean Dennis , Junge Guido 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis first‐in‐human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, single‐ and multiple‐dose pharmacokinetic profiles with dietary influence, and pharmacodynamics (PD) of DFV890, an oral NLRP3 inhibitor, in healthy participants. In total, 122 participants were enrolled into a three‐part trial including single and 2‐week multiple ascending oral doses (SAD and MAD, respectively) of DFV890, and were randomized (3:1) to DFV890 or placebo (SAD [3–600 mg] and MAD [fasted: 10–200 mg, once‐daily or fed: 25 and 50 mg, twice‐daily]). DFV890 was generally well‐tolerated. Neither deaths nor serious adverse events were reported. A less than dose‐proportional increase in exposure was observed with the initially used crystalline suspension (3–300 mg); however, an adjusted suspension formulation using spray‐dried dispersion (SDD; 100–600 mg) confirmed dose‐proportional increase in exposure. Relative bioavailability between crystalline suspension and tablets, and food effect were evaluated at 100 mg. Under fasting conditions, Cmax of the tablet yielded 78% compared with the crystalline suspension, and both formulations showed comparable AUC. The fed condition led to a 2.05‐ and 1.49‐fold increase in Cmax and AUC0–last compared with the fasting condition. The median IC50 and IC90 for ex‐vivo lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated interleukin IL‐1β release inhibition (PD) were 61 (90% CI: 50, 70) and 1340 ng/mL (90% CI: 1190, 1490). Crystalline tablets of 100 mg once‐daily or 25 mg twice‐daily were sufficient to maintain ~90% of the IL‐1β release inhibition over 24 h at steady state. Data support dose and formulation selection for further development in diseases, in which an overactivated NLRP3 represents the underlying pathophysiology.
Deforestation limits evolutionary rescue under climate change in Amazonian lizards
Authors: Azevedo Josué A. R. , Faurby Søren , Colli Guarino R. , Antonelli Alexandre , Werneck Fernanda P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe impact of climate change on biodiversity is often analysed under a stable evolutionary perspective focused on whether species can currently tolerate warmer climates. However, species may adapt to changes, and particularly under conditions of low habitat fragmentation, standing adaptive genetic variation can spread across populations tracking changing climates, increasing the potential for evolutionary rescue. Here, our aim is to integrate genomic data, niche modelling and landscape ecology to predict range shifts and the potential for evolutionary rescue.LocationThe megadiverse Amazonian rainforest.MethodsWe use genome–environment association analyses to search for candidate loci under environmental selection, while accounting for neutral genetic variation in a widespread Amazonian whiptail lizard (Teiidae: Kentropyx calcarata). We then model the distribution of individuals with genotypes adapted to different climate conditions. We predict range shifts for each genotype in distinct future climate change scenarios by integrating this information with dispersal constraints based on predicted scenarios of forest cover across Amazonia. The predicted ranges of each genotype were then overlapped to infer the potential for evolutionary rescue.ResultsWe find that the potential for evolutionary rescue and, therefore, a smaller degree of range loss buffering extinction risk in the future is considerably high, provided that current forest cover is retained and climate change is not extreme. However, under extreme environmental change scenarios, range loss will be high in central and southern Amazonia, irrespective of the degree of deforestation.Main ConclusionsOur results suggest that protecting the Amazonian rainforest against further deforestation and mitigating climate change to moderate scenarios until 2070 could foster evolutionary rescue of ectothermic organisms. These actions could prevent substantial biodiversity loss in Amazonia, emphasizing the importance of understanding species adaptability in maintaining biodiversity.
Validity of the ESSENCE‐Q neurodevelopmental screening tool in Japan
Authors: Yasumitsu‐Lovell Kahoko , Thompson Lucy , Fernell Elisabeth , Eitoku Masamitsu , Suganuma Narufumi , Gillberg Christopher ,   and the Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the validity of the Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations–Questionnaire (ESSENCE‐Q), a simple screening tool for neurodevelopmental problems, in Japan.MethodParents/caregivers completed the 11‐item ESSENCE‐Q for 77 612 children aged 2 years 6 months included in a national birth cohort study. Information about neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs: autism spectrum disorder; intellectual disability and/or developmental language disorder; motor delay/motor disorder) was collected at age 3 years. Each ESSENCE‐Q item was scored on a binary (0,1) scale, with a total score range of 0 to 11. Total scores and individual items were compared across children with and without NDDs.ResultsNDDs were recorded in 854 children (1.1%). With a total ESSENCE‐Q score cut‐off of ≥3, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.91, with sensitivity 84.9%, specificity 84.8%, positive predictive value 5.9%, and negative predictive value 99.8%. The proportion of parental concerns at 2 years 6 months differed significantly by NDD status for communication (89.5% vs 14.2%) and general development (80.2% vs 7.4%). ESSENCE‐Q total scores were moderately negatively correlated (−0.36, p < 0.001) with Japanese Ages and Stages Questionnaire scores.InterpretationThe parent/caregiver‐completed ESSENCE‐Q is useful as a tool for screening out children with neurotypical development at this early age. Further research into longer‐term predictive validity will be possible as more NDD diagnoses are given as the children grow up.
Revisiting the novelty effect from new stadiums: An event study approach
Authors: Bradbury John Charles 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis analysis examines the impact of new stadiums on consumer demand for sports spectatorship in the four major US‐based professional sports leagues. Estimates from difference‐in‐differences event studies identify a transitory attendance shock from new venues that diminishes to pre‐stadium‐treatment levels within a decade. The updated estimates confirm the existence of the novelty effect in modern facilities and identify subtle differences in magnitude, certainty, and duration across leagues. Revenue estimates indicate that the substantial financial returns from constructing new stadiums likely incentivize the premature replacement of host venues when combined with typical public subsidy levels.
Origin matters: Privatization of state‐owned enterprises and family business internationalization
Authors: Ding Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe impact of a firm's origins on its strategic decision‐making has attracted scholarly attention in recent years. Focusing on firms' origins, this paper explores the relationship between the privatization of state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and family business internationalization. Based on data from listed family businesses in China from 2003 to 2022, we find that compared to entrepreneurial family businesses, restructured family businesses have a lower internationalization degree. Moreover, high trade policy uncertainty strengthens the negative relationship between the privatization of SOEs and family business internationalization, while high family involvement plays a weakening role. Several robustness tests later, the findings remain valid. This study introduces the firm's origin as a vital determinant, which may contribute to the prior studies on family business internationalization. Besides, this paper complements research on the economic consequences of the privatization of SOEs in China. Finally, this paper may help Chinese family businesses actively participate in the international cycle to achieve competitive advantage and high‐quality development.
Temporal changes in the composition of parasitoid assemblages associated with the invasive chestnut gall wasp
Authors: Jara‐Chiquito Juan Luis , Oliva Francesc , Lobato‐Vila Irene , Pujade‐Villar Juli 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Invasive alien species pose a challenge to ecosystem stability and crop production, so understanding their interactions with the natural communities they invade is crucial to mitigate negative effects.
The oriental chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is an invasive insect that attacks chestnut trees. It was first recorded in Spain in 2012 and is now presumably present in the majority of chestnut stands in the country.
We assessed variation in the abundance of D. kuriphilus galls and the composition of their associated parasitoid community (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) during a 4‐year period (2014–2017) in 12 sampling sites in Catalonia (Spain, northeastern Iberian Peninsula), and identified which species contributed most significantly to the control of D. kuriphilus.
The results show that the abundance of individual parasitoid species varied during the study period and that the number of species increased year after year. There was also a transition in the parasitoid community composition across the years.
Our data suggest that the joint action of the non‐native parasitoid Torymus sinensis Kamijo and the native T. notatus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae) led to the decline of D. kuriphilus until it was no longer considered a pest. Also, the observed pool of parasitoid species ended up being relatively homogeneous across sites over the years, which may be due to the high natural dispersal of these parasitoids (both by active flight and passive wind dispersal).
Projecting marine fish distributions during early life stages under future climate scenarios
Authors: Howard Rebecca A. , Rogers Lauren A. , Kearney Kelly A. , Vary Laura L. , Ciannelli Lorenzo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChanges to Earth's climate affect organisms globally; in marine systems, these impacts are seen through warming water temperatures, ocean acidification, hypoxia and frequent marine heatwaves. These effects may lead to the movement of species to more favourable conditions. While climate‐driven movement is well studied at the adult stage, how the early life stages of marine fish will respond to future variability is less clear. Many fish species are constrained by specific spawning locations or phenology. Spawning in certain locations allows for local retention of offspring, while precise timing can facilitate transport of offspring to nursery locations through seasonal circulation patterns. Our research investigates how changing oceans impact the location and timing of spawning of Bering Sea groundfishes over the next century. We used ROMS SST and SSS model output and NOAA survey data in species distribution models to hindcast and project distributions and centre of gravity for eggs and larvae of six groundfish species. Our analyses found that most of our study species exhibit flexible geography. However, the speed and direction of egg and larval movement did not track the speed and direction of their respective thermal niches. Hence, the projected distributional patterns of adult stages may be limited by their early life stages. This response is likely to be mirrored globally by other species with planktonic eggs and larvae. These results indicate that life history considerations are critical for the management of commercially important species, as effects on early life stages are strongly connected to the success or failure of adult populations.
The longitudinal impact of an evidence‐based multiple family group intervention (Amaka Amasanyufu) on family cohesion among children in Uganda: Analysis of the cluster randomized SMART Africa‐Uganda scale‐up study (2016–2022)
Authors: Byansi William , Sensoy Bahar Ozge , Small Latoya , Namatovu Phionah , Nabayinda Josephine , Kiyingi Joshua , Mwebembezi Abel , Nakigozi Gertrude , Hoagwood Kimberly , McKay Mary M. , Ssewamala Fred M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFamily functioning plays a critical role in childhood disruptive behavior disorders (The Family Journal, 2003, 11(1), 33–41; Research in Nursing and Health, 2016, 39(4), 229–243). Yet, there is limited research on the impact of evidence‐based family strengthening interventions on improving family cohesion as a protective factor among children experiencing behavioral challenges. To address this gap, we analyzed data (N = 636) from the SMART Africa‐Uganda study (2016–2022), a cluster randomized clinical trial testing an evidence‐based family‐strengthening intervention called Amaka Amasanyufu (translated as "Happy Families" in the local language). Children aged 8–13 and their caregivers were recruited from 26 public primary schools that were randomized to: (1) control condition receiving generalized psychosocial literature (10 schools), (2) intervention delivered via parent peers (eight schools), and (3) intervention delivered via community healthcare workers (eight schools). Children completed the family cohesion questionnaire at baseline, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and 6 months post‐intervention completion. The intervention effectiveness was evaluated via a three‐level logistic mixed effects model with pairwise comparisons across study conditions within each time point. Participants in the parent–peer intervention group had greater odds of being in the higher family cohesion group than participants in the control group at 8 weeks (OR = 3.24), 16 weeks (OR = 1.88) and 6 months (OR = 2.07). At 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and 6 months, participants in the community health worker group had 3.98, 2.08, and 1.79 times greater odds of being in the higher family cohesion group than participants in the control group, respectively. Our findings strengthen the evidence base for Amaka Amansayufu as an effective intervention that can be utilized in SSA to improve family cohesion in families with children experiencing behavioral challenges.
Unravelling the role of oceanographic connectivity in the distribution of genetic diversity of marine forests at the global scale
Authors: Legrand Térence , Fragkopoulou Eliza , Vapillon Lauren , Gouvêa Lidiane , Serrão Ester A. , Assis Jorge 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimGenetic diversity of marine forests results from complex interactions of eco‐evolutionary processes. Among them, oceanographic connectivity driven by dispersal through water transport is hypothesized to play a pivotal role, yet its relative contribution has not been addressed at the global scale. Here, we test how present‐day oceanographic connectivity is correlated with the distribution of genetic diversity of marine forests across the ocean.LocationGlobal.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedMarine forests of brown macroalgae (order: Fucales, Ishigeales, Laminariales and Tilopteridales).MethodsThrough literature review, we compiled a comprehensive dataset of genetic differentiation, encompassing 699 populations of 30 species. A biophysical model coupled with network analyses estimated multigenerational oceanographic connectivity and centrality across the marine forest global distribution. This approach integrated propagule dispersive capacity and long‐distance dispersal events. Linear mixed models tested the relative contribution of site‐specific processes, connectivity and centrality in explaining genetic differentiation.ResultsWe show that spatiality‐dependent eco‐evolutionary processes, as described by our models, are prominent drivers of genetic differentiation in marine forests (significant models in 91.43% of the cases with an average R2 of 0.50 ± 0.07). Specifically, we reveal that 18.7% of genetic differentiation variance is explicitly induced by predicted contemporary connectivity and centrality. Moreover, we demonstrate that long‐distance dispersal is key in connecting populations of species distributed across large water masses and continents.Main conclusionsOur findings highlight the role of present‐day oceanographic connectivity in shaping the extant distribution of genetic diversity of marine forests on a global scale, with significant implications for biogeography and evolution. This understanding can pave the way for future research aimed at guiding conservation efforts, including the designation of well‐connected marine protected areas, which is particularly relevant for sessile ecosystems structuring species such as brown macroalgae.
The silent shift: Pregnant women doing aesthetic and emotional labor at work
Authors: Hutson David J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough the U.S. Pregnancy Discrimination Act protects people from discrimination, there remain risks for individuals who become pregnant while working. Therefore, many choose to stay quiet about their pregnancies before beginning to show. Doing so, however, requires a constant management of appearance and behavior that feels necessary for employment. To investigate how pregnant people manage occupational settings while growing visibly pregnant, I draw on data from interviews with 54 women in the U.S. who were employed during their pregnancy. Findings reveal that efforts to manage the pregnant body are both aesthetic and emotional, and they constitute a form of unpaid labor that I term the “silent shift.” The silent shift encompasses two types of labor: the labor of concealing and the labor of dealing. Concealing—typically done during the first trimester—involves trying to strategically hide a pregnancy from co‐workers through alterations to work attire (i.e., aesthetic labor) or behavioral changes, such as napping in the office or discretely running to the bathroom. When concealing was no longer an option, pregnant women had to deal with awkward comments from co‐workers about their bodies. In these instances, women employed emotional labor to keep silent about how such remarks made them feel by suppressing negative emotions, rationalizing co‐workers’ comments, or by laughing them off. These findings suggest that even though laws and institutional policies have created space for pregnant workers, there remains a tension between the professional and pregnant body—a tension that women themselves feel compelled to manage.
Expanding the Frontiers of nail product evaluation: Novel application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for assessing crosslinking density and predicting nail brittleness and flexibility
Authors: Malinauskyte Ernesta , Mateo Katerin , Castro‐Haly Vanessa , London Laurisa , Parikh Natasha , Tu Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveWhile modern industry advancements have expanded nail beautification options, scientific literature primarily focuses on nail biology and medicine, with limited attention on cosmetic treatments. This study aimed to investigate human nail denaturation properties, including gender impact, blending nails to enlarge the sample pool, nail sensitization through bleaching, and active effectiveness testing. The objective was to understand the DSC and bending fatigue relationship, and define the consumer relevance of the DSC test.MethodsNail clippings were collected from adult female and male volunteers. The wet DSC was employed to validate sample preparation, explore the effects of gender, and assess the potential of using blended nails for claims substantiation testing. Nails were sensitized through bleaching using hydrogen peroxide. The effects were confirmed through DSC and nail flexure tests. Furthermore, the ability of actives to address concerns related to nail softness and brittleness was assessed using these techniques.ResultsThe results confirmed the viability of equilibrating nails in water for up to 14 h as a standardized testing method. The denaturation temperature results were independent of gender and suitable for claims substantiation testing. Blending nails from different sources did not yield significant variations in denaturation properties. A preliminary study suggested that cadaver nails should be used with caution because they exhibited differences in denaturation temperature, influenced by the sampling location. Bending fatigue tests highlighted the significance of humidity, with higher humidity conditions (80%) enhancing nail flexibility and providing better resolution for claims substantiation.Sensitizing the nails with hydrogen peroxide induced alterations in both DSC and bending fatigue results. Proof‐of‐principle studies demonstrated an elevation in denaturation temperature and a decrease in the number of cycles to break, indicating a nail‐hardening effect when formaldehyde was applied. The use of a nail softener led to an enhancement in nail fatigue resistance due to a notable reduction in nail crosslinking density.ConclusionsThe measurement of crosslinking density proved to be a sensitive tool for assessing the effects of cosmetic treatments on nails, particularly in predicting outcomes related to nail brittleness and flexibility.
Multisensory contributions to skin‐cosmetic product interactions
Authors: Spence Charles , Zhang Tianyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe human face is one of the most salient regions of the body surface. Ratings of facial attractiveness, as well as judgements of a person's age, are influenced by the appearance of facial skin (not to mention the presence/absence of wrinkles). Unsurprisingly, many consumers spend huge amounts of money on trying to protect, maintain, and/or enhance their facial appearance. As highlighted by the evidence presented in this narrative review, both the skin and the cosmetic products that many consumers use are fundamentally multisensory in nature. The complex interaction between the particular skin site stimulated and the multisensory attributes of the product (e.g., when it is applied) can exert a number of effects on an individual's mood, their emotions, as well as on their self‐perception (and self‐confidence), over‐and‐above any functional effects that the cream or lotion may have on the skin itself. In this narrative historical review, the literature on the multisensory perception of facial skin is summarized and critically evaluated. Multisensory interactions taking place between the cosmetic product, its packaging, as well as its use/application at the sensory, cognitive, and emotional levels are all discussed.
Microrobotics in endodontics: A perspective
Authors: Babeer Alaa , Bukhari Sarah , Alrehaili Rayan , Karabucak Bekir , Koo Hyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroorganisms are the primary aetiological factor of apical periodontitis. The goal of endodontic treatment is to prevent and eliminate the infection by removing the microorganisms. However, microbial biofilms and the complex root canal anatomy impair the disinfection process. Effective and precise endodontic therapy could potentially be achieved using advanced multifunctional technologies that have the ability to access hard‐to‐reach surfaces and perform simultaneous biofilm killing, removal, and detection of microorganisms. Advances in microrobotics are providing novel therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities with high precision and efficacy to address current biofilm‐related challenges in biomedicine. Concurrently, multifunctional magnetic microrobots have been developed to overcome the disinfection challenges of current approaches to disrupt, kill, and retrieve biofilms with the goal of enhancing the efficacy and precision of endodontic therapy. This article reviews the recent advances of microrobotics in healthcare and particularly advances to overcome disinfection challenges in endodontics, and provides perspectives for future research in the field.