bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminalia arjuna Bark Biosorbent for Efficient Lead (II) Removal from Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: Kumari Sachin , Singh Sushila , Sangwan Vinod , Rani Indu 
Published: June 2024

Aim: Heavy metal such as lead ions is toxic and its entry in water environment is a threat to human as well as aquatic life. Plant based adsorbents have attracted a great attention as ecofriendly and low-cost adsorbent. The goal of this study was to prepare adsorbent from Terminalia arjuna bark using chemicals named hydrochloride followed by sodium hydroxide for lead ions removal.
Study Design: The research is experimental in nature.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at CCSHAU, Hisar in year 2022-23.
Methodology: The functionality, surface morphology, and elemental analysis of that biosorbent was analysed by FTIR, FE-SEM with EDX respectively. The bark samples were treated with 400 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloride and 400 mL of 0.01 M sodium hydroxide, respectively, before being used as an adsorbent. Batch studies were done for biosorption of heavy metal ions. The maximum biosorption capacity of lead ions were optimized by varying the pH (2-8), lead ions concentration (10- 100 mg/L), biosorbent dose (0.01-0.04 g/50mL), and contact time (10–60 minutes).
Results: The maximum removal efficiency of about 71% was obtained at 6 pH having 0.03g of biosorbent at 27⁰C for 60 minutes. The Freundlich adsorption isotherms and pseudo first order kinetics models were the most suitable for the biosorption of lead ions and the maximum adsorption capacity was 125 mgg-1 at optimized time 60 minutes.
Conclusion: The finding indicated that Terminalia arjuna bark based biosorbents would potentially be an inexpensive and environment friendly for lead ions removal from water environment.
A Review: Medicinal Properties and Health Benefits of Bael (Aegle marmelos)
Authors: Banerjee Aranyak , Jain Shubham , Lokesh . , Singh Anshuman , Dhakad Atul , Singh Alan Evon , Pandey Anamika , Mani Gopal 
Published: June 2024

In ancient India, the eagle marmelos, also known as bael, was associated with folklore. In traditional medical systems such as Ayurveda, every component of the tree, including the root, bark, fruit, leaf, and flower, has therapeutic value for treating various maladies. Current studies have found valuable bioactive substances that support Bael's pharmacological functioning. Bael fruits are rich source in vitamins, minerals and many types of nutrients. Bael fruit has been a major topic for studies in recent years mainly due to its high nutritional (carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins) value and presence of various phytochemicals, which attributed to its high medicinal value. These phytochemicals include various compounds, e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid, gallic, and ellagic acid). Due to its possible application as an anticancer agent in the treatment of many cancer types and other fatal diseases, this plant is now gaining attention. In this article, we describe the botanical properties of Bael, its traditional use, its phytochemicals, and its pharmaceutical applications in brief.
“First Generation” Automated DNA Sequencing Technology
Authors: Slatko Barton E. , Kieleczawa Jan , Ju Jingyue , Gardner Andrew F. , Hendrickson Cynthia L. , Ausubel Frederick M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBeginning in the 1980s, automation of DNA sequencing has greatly increased throughput, reduced costs, and enabled large projects to be completed more easily. The development of automation technology paralleled the development of other aspects of DNA sequencing: better enzymes and chemistry, separation and imaging technology, sequencing protocols, robotics, and computational advancements (including base‐calling algorithms with quality scores, database developments, and sequence analysis programs). Despite the emergence of high‐throughput sequencing platforms, automated Sanger sequencing technology remains useful for many applications. This unit provides background and a description of the “First‐Generation” automated DNA sequencing technology. It also includes protocols for using the current Applied Biosystems (ABI) automated DNA sequencing machines. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 96:7.2.1‐7.2.28. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Engineering Designer Nucleases with Customized Cleavage Specificities
Authors: Sander Jeffry D. , Maeder Morgan L. , Joung J. Keith 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEngineered designer nucleases can be used to efficiently modify genomic sequence in a wide variety of model organisms and cell types. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), consisting of an engineered zinc finger array fused to a non‐specific cleavage domain, have been extensively used to modify a broad range of endogenous genes. Protocols for engineering ZFNs targeted to specific gene sequences of interest using the context‐dependent assembly (CoDA) method are described in this unit. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 96:12.13.1‐12.13.16. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Protein Sequence Data Using the Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood (RAXML) Program
Authors: Rokas Antonis 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPhylogenetic analysis is the study of evolutionary relationships among molecules, phenotypes, and organisms. In the context of protein sequence data, phylogenetic analysis is one of the cornerstones of comparative sequence analysis and has many applications in the study of protein evolution and function. This unit provides a brief review of the principles of phylogenetic analysis and describes several different standard phylogenetic analyses of protein sequence data using theRAXML(Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood) Program.Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 96:19.11.1‐19.11.14. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enhanced Performance of I2‐Free Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells with Conductive Polymer up to 6.8%
Authors: Kim Jeonghun , Koh Jong Kwan , Kim Byeonggwan , Ahn Sung Hoon , Ahn Hyungju , Ryu Du Yeol , Kim Jong Hak , Kim Eunkyoung 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn iodine‐free solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cell (ssDSSC) is reported here, with 6.8% energy conversion efficiency—one of the highest yet reported for N719 dye—as a result of enhanced light harvesting from the increased transmittance of an organized mesoporous TiO2 interfacial layer and the good hole conductivity of the solid‐state‐polymerized material. The organized mesoporous TiO2 (OM‐TiO2) interfacial layer is prepared on large‐area substrates by a sol‐gel process, and is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS). A 550‐nm‐thick OM‐TiO2 film coated on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass is highly transparent, resulting in transmittance increases of 8 and 4% compared to those of the bare FTO and conventional compact TiO2 film on FTO, respectively. The high cell performance is achieved through careful control of the electrode/hole transport material (HTM) and nanocrystalline TiO2/conductive glass interfaces, which affect the interfacial resistance of the cell. Furthermore, the transparent OM‐TiO2 film, with its high porosity and good connectivity, exhibits improved cell performance due to increased transmittance in the visible light region, decreased interfacial resistance (Ω), and enhanced electron lifetime (τ). The cell performance also depends on the conductivity of HTMs, which indicates that both highly conductive HTM and the transparent OM‐TiO2 film interface are crucial for obtaining high‐energy conversion efficiencies in I2‐free ssDSSCs.
Molybdenum Carbide‐Catalyzed Conversion of Renewable Oils into Diesel‐like Hydrocarbons
Authors: Han Junxing , Duan Jinzhao , Chen Ping , Lou Hui , Zheng Xiaoming 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn the paper, we report for the first time that the conversion of renewable oils into diesel‐like hydrocarbon mixtures can be realized on molybdenum carbides with high activity and selectivity. The molybdenum carbide catalyst exhibited much better resistance to leaching than noble metals and could be reused consecutively for sixteen times without deactivation. Mechanism investigations indicated that molybdenum carbide and palladium showed different reaction selectivities and it was speculated that the level of difficulty in acyl‐to‐alkyl rearrangement of surface acyl intermediates on molybdenum carbide and palladium resulted in the different product selectivity.
Synthesis of Sulfur‐Substituted α‐Stereogenic Amides and Ketones: Highly Enantioselective Sulfa‐Michael Additions of 1,4‐Dicarbonylbut‐2‐enes
Authors: Zhao Fangli , Zhang Wen , Yang Yuanyong , Pan Yuanhang , Chen Wenchao , Liu Hongjun , Yan Lin , Tan Choon‐Hong , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractConjugate addition to 1,4‐dicarbonylbut‐2‐enes will generate an α‐stereogenic center with respect to one of the carbonyl groups, which informally, can be considered as an inversion of normal reactivity patterns orumpolungprotocol. In this paper, the addition oftert‐butyl mercaptan to 1,4‐dicarbonylbut‐2‐enes including (E)‐4‐oxo‐4‐arylbutenamides and (E)‐4‐oxo‐4‐arylbutenones has been developed, to synthesize a series of chiral sulfur‐substituted α‐stereogenic amides and ketones in high regioselectivity and enantioselectivity (up to 98%ee).
General and Efficient Organocatalytic Synthesis of Indoloquinolizidines, Pyridoquinazolines and Quinazolinones through a One‐Pot Domino Michael Addition‐Cyclization‐ Pictet–Spengler or 1,2‐Amine Addition Reaction
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Volla Chandra M. R. , Bolte Michael , Raabe Gerhard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn asymmetric organocatalyzed reaction sequence involving a Michael addition of various 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with subsequent diastereoselective Pictet–Spengler cyclization has been developed. The substrate scope was found to be general and optically active indoloquinolizidines were isolated as single diastereomers in high yields with high to excellent enantioselectivites. In addition to tryptamine, the reaction has also been successfully applied to other nucleophiles including o‐aminobenzylamine and anthranilamide giving rise to pyridoquinauolines and quinazolinones.
Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,1‐Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Shirakawa Seiji , Liu Kun , Ito Hironobu , Le Thanh Nguyen , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA highly efficient catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 1,1‐disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines has been achieved via asymmetric alkylation or Michael addition of 1‐cyanotetrahydroisoquinolines using binaphthyl‐modified N‐spiro‐type chiral phase‐transfer catalysts.
A Twitchell Reagent Revival: Biodiesel Generation from Low Cost Oils
Authors: de Arriba Ángel L. Fuentes , Simón Luis , Alcázar Victoria , Cuellar Jorge , Lozano‐Martínez Patricia , Morán Joaquín R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe transesterification of triglycerides with short‐chain alcohols, such as methanol, is the most used process for the obtention of biodiesel. This is a biphasic reaction which can occur both in polar and apolar phases. Using lipophilic sulphonic acids as catalysts, the transesterification reaction takes place primarily in the oil phase. Under these conditions, the reaction rates are considerably improved, with conversions up to 98% in 90 min at 80 °C and with 17.6% mol of catalyst. The most remarkable features of this process are that the catalytic efficiency is not affected by the presence in the oil of free fatty acids or small amounts of water, the transesterification takes place at low temperature (below the boiling point of methanol) and high conversions are reached within a short time. Therefore, low‐cost feedstocks containing high levels of FFA (free fatty acids) and water can be used as raw material for biodiesel production. Finally, catalyst recovery by adsorption on a silica gel column was also tested.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Intramolecular Aza‐Michael Addition of Enone Carbamates: Catalytic Enantioselective Access to Functionalized 2‐Substituted Piperidines
Authors: Liu Jian‐Dong , Chen Ying‐Chun , Zhang Guo‐Biao , Li Zhi‐Qiang , Chen Peng , Du Ji‐Yuan , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Fan Chun‐An 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe synthetically useful functionalized 2‐substituted piperidines containing a lateral ketone group have been strategically accessed via an organocatalytic enantioselective intramolecular aza‐Michael addition of enone carbamates, in which a novel internal substrate combination of the enone moiety as Michael acceptor and the carbamate moiety as Michael donor was revealed in asymmetric bifunctional organocatalysis. This heteroatom conjugate addition, which was realized by using a catalytic chiral Cinchona‐based primary‐tertiary diamine and an achiral Brønsted acid, mostly proceeded in high yield and good to excellent stereocontrol (up to 99% ee). This reaction provides an alternative catalytic asymmetric method for installing the stereogenic nitrogen‐containing carbon center in functionalized 2‐substituted piperidines, leading to the development of a straightforward and expeditious synthesis of some naturally occurring bioactive 2‐substituted piperidine alkaloids.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative CC Bond Formation of Allenols with Arylboronic Acids under Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Choi Soo Young , Chung Young Keun 
Published: October 2011

Abstract(3‐Butyl‐1‐methylimidazole)(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)rhodium chloride [Rh(Ibm)(cod)Cl] was found to be an efficient catalyst in the carbonylative arylation of allenols with arylboronic acids in the presence of carbon monoxide. Efficient, simple, and versatile methods for the synthesis of 2‐methylene‐1‐arylbut‐3‐en‐1‐ones have thus been developed.
Oxidative Nitration of Alkenes with tert‐Butyl Nitrite and Oxygen
Authors: Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Yajima Atsushi , Ishibashi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA method for the oxidative nitration of alkenes using a combination of tert‐butyl nitrite and molecular oxygen to give β‐nitro alcohols and their nitrate derivatives has been developed. The present reaction provides a practical method for the synthesis of nitro compounds because of the mild reaction conditions, the use of inexpensive reagents and a simple experimental procedure.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem N‐Vinylation and Cyclization of Anilines and Haloenynes: An Efficient Approach to Substituted Quinolines
Authors: Wang Yuxing , Liao Qian , Zhao Peng , Xi Chanjuan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed tandem amination of haloenynes and intramolecular cyclization has been developed. The reaction provides a novel route for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives with high yields.
Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclizations of 2‐Oxiranyl‐1‐alkynylbenzenes for Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2‐Hydroxyindanones
Authors: Chaudhuri Rupsha , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report the gold‐catalyzed oxidative cyclizations of 2‐oxiranyl‐1‐alkynylbenzenes into highly substituted 2‐hydroxyindanone frameworks bearing a tertiary alcohol. Such gold‐catalyzed reactions comprise an initial internal redox reaction, sulfoxide oxidation of α‐carbonyl gold‐carbenoids, followed by gold‐catalyzed formal ene reactions on the resulting diketone intermediates.
Transition Metal‐Free TEMPO‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐ Coupling of Nitrones with Alkynyl‐Grignard Reagents
Authors: Murarka Sandip , Studer Armido 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient mild one‐pot protocol for the cross‐coupling of nitrones and alkynyl‐magnesium compounds using a catalytic amount of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl radical (TEMPO) as an environmentally benign organic oxidant and dioxygen as terminal oxidant is described. These coupling reactions can be performed without adding any transition metal on various N‐tert‐butylnitrones and alkynyl‐Grignard reagents. Moreover, the alkynylated nitrone products are readily transformed to regioisomerically pure 3,5‐disubstituted isoxazoles.
Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Dibenzopyranones via a Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling and Lactonization Sequence
Authors: Luo Jiaying , Lu Youling , Liu Saiwen , Liu Jing , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA highly selective palladium bis(acetoacetonate)/copper(I) chloride [Pd(acac)2/CuCl] catalytic system for the preparation of dibenzopyranones has been developed. Tandem decarboxylative coupling and lactonization can be realized in one pot using commercially available starting materials. The reaction proceeded well for a range of different substrates.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Sulfonamidation/Oxidation of Imines: Access to Multifunctional Benzimidazoles
Authors: Fu Shaomin , Jiang Huanfeng , Deng Yuanfu , Zeng Wei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractO‐Sulfonamidophenylimines undergo intramolecular sulfonamidation/oxidation to produce 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles upon treatment with palladium(II) chloride/(diacetoxyiodo)benzene and potassium carbonate at room temperature. The substituent scope at the 2‐position of the benzimidazole can be extended to alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, acyl, and ester functional groups under mild conditions.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Indole‐Fused Benzodiazepines[1]
Authors: Biswas Subhasish , Batra Sanjay 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed synthesis of indole‐fused benzodiazepine via a cascade reaction between 3‐halo‐1H‐indole‐2‐carbaldehydes and substituted 1,2‐phenylenediamines is reported. Reactions with N‐Boc‐protected indole‐aldehydes are found to be more efficient to afford indole[3,2‐b][1,5]benzodiazepines.
Bicyclization of Isocyanides: A Synthetic Strategy for Fused Pyrroles
Authors: Zhang Lingjuan , Xu Xianxiu , Xia Wenming , Liu Qun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOn the isocyanide carbon atom, two CC sigma bonds are formed in the bicyclization reaction of the readily available acyclic substrates with tosylmethyl isocyanides. The reaction can proceed under extremely mild and metal‐free conditions to give the products in high to excellent yields. The powerful potential of this strategy deserves attention because it is a new paradigm for trapping of the incipient imidoyl anion, by a carbon electrophile instead of a proton.
Genetic variation in CNTNAP2 alters brain function during linguistic processing in healthy individuals
Authors: Whalley Heather C. , O'Connell Garret , Sussmann Jessika E. , Peel Anna , Stanfield Andrew C. , Hayiou‐Thomas Marianna E. , Johnstone Eve C. , Lawrie Stephen M. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Hall Jeremy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLanguage impairments are a characteristic feature of autism and related autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Autism is also highly heritable and one of the most promising candidate genes implicated in its pathogenesis is contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 (CNTNAP2), a gene also associated with language impairment. In the current study we investigated the functional effects of variants of CNTNAP2 associated with autism and language impairment (rs7794745 and rs2710102; presumed risk alleles T and C, respectively) in healthy individuals using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of a language task (n = 66). Against a background of normal performance and lack of behavioral abnormalities, healthy individuals with the putative risk allele versus those without demonstrated significant increases in activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area homologue) and right lateral temporal cortex. These findings demonstrate that risk associated variation in the CNTNAP2 gene impacts on brain activation in healthy non‐autistic individuals during a language processing task providing evidence of the effect of genetic variation in CNTNAP2 on a core feature of ASDs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genistein in Sanfilippo disease: A randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: de Ruijter Jessica , Valstar Marlies J. , Narajczyk Magdalena , Wegrzyn Grzegorz , Kulik Wim , IJlst Lodewijk , Wagemans Tom , van der Wal Willem M. , Wijburg Frits A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:Sanfilippo disease (mucopolysaccharidosis type III [MPS III]) is a rare neurodegenerative metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of 1 of the 4 enzymes involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Genistein has been proposed as potential therapy but its efficacy remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the efficacy of genistein in MPS III.Methods:Thirty patients were enrolled. Effects of genistein were determined in a randomized, crossover, placebo‐controlled intervention with a genistein‐rich soy isoflavone extract (10mg/kg/day of genistein) followed by an open‐label extension study for patients who were on genistein during the last part of the crossover.Results:Genistein resulted in a significant decrease in urinary excretion of total GAGs (p = 0.02, slope −0.68mg GAGs/mmol creatinine/mo) and in plasma concentrations of HS (p = 0.01, slope −15.85ng HS/ml/mo). No effects on total behavior scores or on hair morphology were observed. Parents or caregivers could not predict correctly during which period of the crossover a patient was on genistein.Interpretation:Genistein at 10mg/kg/day effectively reduces urinary excretion of GAGs and plasma HS concentration in patients with MPS III. However, the absolute reduction in GAGs and in HS is small and values after 12 months of treatment remain within the range as observed in untreated patients. No clinical efficacy was detected. Substantially higher doses of genistein might be more effective as suggested by recent studies in animal models. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:110–120
Rare copy number variants are an important cause of epileptic encephalopathies
Authors: Mefford Heather C. , Yendle Simone C. , Hsu Cynthia , Cook Joseph , Geraghty Eileen , McMahon Jacinta M. , Eeg‐Olofsson Orvar , Sadleir Lynette G. , Gill Deepak , Ben‐Zeev Bruria , Lerman‐Sagie Tally , Mackay Mark , Freeman Jeremy L. , Andermann Eva , Pelakanos James T. , Andrews Ian , Wallace Geoffrey , Eichler Evan E. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Scheffer Ingrid E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:Rare copy number variants (CNVs)—deletions and duplications—have recently been established as important risk factors for both generalized and focal epilepsies. A systematic assessment of the role of CNVs in epileptic encephalopathies, the most devastating and often etiologically obscure group of epilepsies, has not been performed.Methods:We evaluated 315 patients with epileptic encephalopathies characterized by epilepsy and progressive cognitive impairment for rare CNVs using a high‐density, exon‐focused, whole‐genome oligonucleotide array.Results:We found that 25 of 315 (7.9%) of our patients carried rare CNVs that may contribute to their phenotype, with at least one‐half being clearly or likely pathogenic. We identified 2 patients with overlapping deletions at 7q21 and 2 patients with identical duplications of 16p11.2. In our cohort, large deletions were enriched in affected individuals compared to controls, and 4 patients harbored 2 rare CNVs. We screened 2 novel candidate genes found within the rare CNVs in our cohort but found no mutations in our patients with epileptic encephalopathies. We highlight several additional novel candidate genes located in CNV regions.Interpretation:Our data highlight the significance of rare CNVs in the epileptic encephalopathies, and we suggest that CNV analysis should be considered in the genetic evaluation of these patients. Our findings also highlight novel candidate genes for further study. ANN NEUROL 2011;70:974–985