bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of time spent on social media with youth cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use in the UK: a national longitudinal study
Authors: Hopkinson Nicholas S , Vrinten Charlotte , Parnham Jennie C , Radó Márta K , Filippidis Filippos , Vamos Eszter P , Laverty Anthony A 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundSocial media may influence children and young people’s health behaviour, including cigarette and e-cigarette use.MethodsWe analysed data from participants aged 10–25 years in the UK Household Longitudinal Study 2015–2021. The amount of social media use reported on a normal weekday was related to current cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use. Generalised estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression models investigated associations of social media use with cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use. Models controlled for possible confounders including age, sex, country of UK, ethnicity, household income and use of cigarette/e-cigarettes by others within the home.ResultsAmong 10 808 participants with 27 962 observations, current cigarette smoking was reported by 8.6% of participants for at least one time point, and current e-cigarette use by 2.5% of participants. In adjusted GEE models, more frequent use of social media was associated with greater odds of current cigarette smoking. This was particularly apparent at higher levels of use (eg, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.60, 95% CI 2.61 to 4.96 for ≥7 hours/day vs none). Associations were similar for e-cigarettes (AOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.29 for ≥7 hours/day social media use vs none). There was evidence of dose–response in associations between time spent on social media and both cigarette and e-cigarette use (both p<0.001). Analyses stratified by sex and household income found similar associations for cigarettes; however, for e-cigarettes associations were concentrated among males and those from higher household income groups.ConclusionsSocial media use is associated with increased risk of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use. There is a need for greater research on this issue as well as potential policy responses.
Citizen science in European research infrastructures
Authors: Serjeant Stephen , Pearson James , Dickinson Hugh , Jarvis Johanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMajor European Union-funded research infrastructure and open science projects have traditionally included dissemination work, for mostly one-way communication of the research activities. Here, we present and review our radical re-envisioning of this work, by directly engaging citizen science volunteers into the research. We summarise the citizen science in the Horizon-funded projects ASTERICS (Astronomy ESFRI and Research Infrastructure Clusters) and ESCAPE (European Science Cluster of Astronomy and Particle Physics ESFRI Research Infrastructures), engaging hundreds of thousands of volunteers in providing millions of data mining classifications. Not only does this have enormously more scientific and societal impact than conventional dissemination, but it facilitates the direct research involvement of what is often arguably the most neglected stakeholder group in Horizon projects, the science-inclined public. We conclude with recommendations and opportunities for deploying crowdsourced data mining in the physical sciences, noting that the primary goal is always the fundamental research question; if public engagement is the primary goal to optimise, then other, more targeted approaches may be more effective.
Abstract A005: Exploring liquid biopsy for the detection of bladder cancer: Unraveling RNA fusions
Authors: Saidian Mayer , Saenz Jason , Hernandez Carlos , Lee Lauren , Dunnigan Andrew , Lu Yabin , Jafari Nafiseh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction: This study delves into the promising realm of liquid biopsy for the non-invasive detection of bladder cancer. Leveraging urine as a valuable source, our investigation focuses on identifying RNA fusions associated with bladder cancer, with specific attention to ETV6-NTRK3 and PRCC-TFE3. The utilization of liquid biopsy offers a less invasive and more accessible approach to diagnosing bladder cancer, potentially revolutionizing the field of cancer diagnostics. These specific RNA fusions in urine samples may serve as reliable biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of bladder cancer. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance diagnostic methodologies to improve patient outcomes and streamline cancer management. Materials and Methods: Urine was collected from healthy male donors using UAS, a urine preservative from Novosanis, for improved urine preservation and stability. The urine samples with UAS were centrifuged at 16,000 xg for 10 min to obtain cf-urine. Three 20 mL aliquots of the precleared supernatant urine samples were spiked with an RNA fusion reference standard from Anchor Molecular containing ETV6-NTRK3 and PRCC-TFE3RNA at a concentration of 20ng/mL. All samples were extracted using the nRichDX Revolution Max20 cfTNA Isolation Kit. The eluants from the extracted samples were DNAse treated. The extracted cfTNAs profile was assessed on 4150 TapeStation System, Agilent, using RNA ScreenTape. Extracted nucleic acids from urine were evaluated using a RT-qPCR assay to quantify the number of copies of the fusion RNAs. Results: The Renal RNA fusions ETV6-NTRK3 and PRCC-TFE3RNA were successfully extracted using the nRichDX Revolution cfTNA Isolation Kit. TapeStation analysis demonstrated prominent 18S and 28S peaks, confirming the successful extraction of RNA from 20 mL urine samples. The mean percent recovery of the recovered RNA Fusion mutation was about 70% via RT-qPCR. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a recovery rate of approximately 70% for spiked RNA fusions in the urine samples. This research holds the promise of revolutionizing cancer diagnostics by introducing a method that is not only reliable but also convenient for early detection and monitoring. Identifying specific RNA fusions in urine samples as biomarkers is a significant step in enhancing diagnostic methodologies. As we contribute to these ongoing efforts, we aim to improve patient outcomes and streamline the management of bladder cancer through innovative and effective diagnostic approaches.
Citation Format: Mayer Saidian, Jason Saenz, Carlos Hernandez, Lauren Lee, Andrew Dunnigan, Yabin Lu, Nafiseh Jafari. Exploring liquid biopsy for the detection of bladder cancer: Unraveling RNA fusions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr A005.
Abstract IA002: Molecular subtypes of NMIBC
Authors: Lindskrog Sia V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs) show large variation in disease aggressiveness which is not fully explained by differences in clinical and pathological factors. It is therefore essential to increase our understanding of the molecular landscape of NMIBC to improve risk assessment and identify potential therapeutic targets. In 2021, we published the four transcriptomic UROMOL2021 classes of NMIBC: class 1, class 2a, class 2b and class 3 (Lindskrog et al., Nature Communications, 2021). Multiple other subtyping schemes for NMIBC have been published, including, among others, the Lund taxonomy (Marzouka et al., The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022), the stage-stratified subtypes from Leeds (Hurst et al., Cell Reports Medicine, 2021) and BRS1-3 from Rotterdam (de Jong et al., Science Translational Medicine, 2023). In my presentation, I will give an overview of the development and status of NMIBC subtypes and discuss clinical utility. Furthermore, I will present novel data from the UROMOL cohort, where we have now performed a comprehensive genomic characterization of tumors using whole exome sequencing (n=438) and shallow whole genome sequencing (n=362). Overall, we observe a large genomic variation within NMIBC that is associated with different gene expression profiles (UROMOL2021 classes). We performed integrative clustering analysis of somatic mutations, copy number alterations and gene expression data for 230 tumors and identified four “iClusters”, which were highly prognostic and went beyond the single-layer stratifications of tumors. Multi-omics subtyping may improve our understanding of differences in disease aggressiveness within NMIBC further, which could ultimately be used to improve risk assessment of patients and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Citation Format: Sia V. Lindskrog. Molecular subtypes of NMIBC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr IA002.
Abstract IA008: Dissecting innate immune mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in bladder cancer
Authors: Bhardwaj Nina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have explored the TME of bladder cancer (BC) leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and clinical trial data to ascertain the complexity of tumor-infiltrated immune ecllls in BC. As a first step we identify distinct tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) populations associated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response and resistance. Through plasma cytokine profiling, in vitro assays, and spatial analyses, we uncover novel cytokine-driven axes influencing these TAM populations and their impact on T cells, offering insights into enhancing anti-tumor T cell immunity in BC. Second, we investigate the potential of urine-derived cells (UDCs) as surrogates for monitoring the BC TME. Our scRNAseq atlas of BC patient UDCs reveals a diverse composition of immune cell populations, strikingly transcriptionally similar to tumor immune cells and containing immune subsets absent or rare in peripheral blood, suggesting their utility as biomarkers for response to therapeutic intervention. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the immune landscape of BC and provide putative targets to enhance existing immunotherapy strategies in BC.
Citation Format: Nina Bhardwaj. Dissecting innate immune mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in bladder cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr IA008.
Estudo toponímico do rio Tietê
Authors: Drumond Carlos , Nogueira Arlinda Rocha 
Published: May 2024

Besides tracing the many uses and variations of the of the Tietê river (and its tributaries), the following study tries to draw a pattern of the way in which they are used, and their different ortography. In order to do that the AA have gone through works, maps and documents dating from the seventeenth century onwards. Nevertheless, it seems that those aims have not always been achieved: many of the toponyms require a more through analysis. So far, not all the attempts are not enterely convincing. In the study mentioned, an analysis of the names which have been attributed to the Tietê river — Anhembi and Tietê — with its starting point as the history of that river, has been essayed. Afterwards, a survey of the tributaries and the study of every and each one of them has been undertaken. The essay ends with an attempt at classifying the toponyms.
Effect of water temperature on the development of Portunus trituberculatus larvae in the off-season breeding mode (Decapoda, Portunidae)
Authors: Wu Jialin , Wan Litao , Li Bin , Zhang Dongxu , Shi Huilai , Zhang Tao , Ping Hongling , He Jie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To clarify the influence of different water temperatures on the development of Portunus trituberculatus (swimming crab) larvae during off-season (early autumn) breeding, a gradient of four rearing temperatures of 27, 29, 31 and 33°C was set up, and the effects of water temperature on larval development were systematically compared. The results showed that the moulting cycle (MC) from the zoea 1 (Z1)-zoea 2 (Z2) stage was not significantly affected by water temperature (), remaining at approximately 3 days. However, in the Z2-megalopa (M) stage, the MC in the 31°C group was consistently the shortest. The total developmental duration and total effective cumulative temperature during Z1-M in the 31°C group were the lowest at 9.97 days and 250 days · °C, respectively. According to the equation of water temperature and larval development rate, the development rate was the fastest when the water temperature was 31°C. As the water temperature increased, the survival rate (SR) of larvae at various stages gradually decreased. The SR of the 27°C group was consistently significantly higher than that of the 33°C group (), especially in the M stage, where the SR of the 33°C group was only 2%, which was significantly lower than that of the 27°C and 29°C groups (). Among the antioxidant indexes, both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were the lowest in the 29°C group at 315.75 U/mg protein and 0.36 mmol/g protein, respectively, and both were significantly lower than those in the 33°C group (). Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were both the lowest in the 31°C group, and in this group the CAT was significantly lower than in the 33°C group, and GSH-PX was significantly lower than in the 27°C group (). For malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the four groups were basically maintained at about 2.5 nmol/mg protein, and there was no significant difference (). In terms of digestive enzyme activity, the activity of lipase (LPS) was basically maintained at 1.93 U/g protein. The other four digestive enzyme activity differences were mainly reflected in that the 31 and 33°C groups maintained relatively higher levels than the 27 and 29°C groups, especially the activities of α-amylase (AMS), and cellulase (CL) in the 33°C group, which were significantly higher than those in the 27 and 29°C groups (). Comprehensive indicators indicate that a water temperature between 29 and 31°C is the appropriate temperature for the development of the larvae of off-season breeding swimming crabs.
Emotional Pain and Self-Harm in the Prose Lancelot and the Alliterative Morte Arthure
Authors: Bolens Guillemette 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Medieval romance often associates anger, sadness and distress with self-harm when these emotions reach a high level of intensity. In the Alliterative Morte Arthure, Arthur’s knights protest that the king is ‘blundering himself’ (that is, injuring himself) when mourning Gawain and feeling overwhelmed with sorrow. In the Prose Lancelot, Galehaut asks Lancelot, who has spent the night beset by heart-wrenching grief, why he is ‘killing himself’. In both works, the self is foregrounded in episodes that involve intense emotions and self-inflicted injury. The purpose of this essay is to investigate this recurring association of extreme emotions with self-harm in medieval romance.
Emotion and the Female Self: Finding Space for Expression
Authors: Dickson Morgan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The expression of emotions, including desire and anger, is culturally encoded, being accepted – or not – depending on factors including social class and gender. In the twelfth century, while the public expression of anger was generally seen as negative, it was deemed acceptable when kings or other aristocratic men used anger as a corrective to a perceived wrong. This public utterance of anger can be seen as an expression of selfhood, of rendering exterior the emotional experience of the interior self. Yet the insular Romance of Horn diverges from this socially gendered behaviour when the princess Rigmel expresses her anger publicly. An analysis of the gendered space of the narrative allows for an understanding of how Rigmel’s anger may be appropriate in the specific context of the scene and what this shows about the expression of female selfhood in relation to her more furtive and private expressions of desire.
Meta-analysis of residency program application and acceptance according to sex, race and ethnicity
Authors: Marchand Greg , Arroyo Amanda , Moir Carmen , Blanco Madison , Gonzalez Herrera Daniela , Hamilton Brooke , Ruffley Kate , Petersen Mary , Fernandez Sarena , Ulibarri Hollie 
Published: May 2024

Objective We aimed to investigate trends in residency program application and acceptance rates according to sex and race and ethnicity. Methods We collected data from the Journal of the American Medical Association Graduation Medical Education Reports. We extracted the data for 25 residency programs in the United States from 2005 to 2021 and conducted statistical analyses. Results Men were most matched for orthopedics (84.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 84.2%–85.1%), and women for oncology (78.7%, 95% CI 78.2%–79.2%). The most matched program was orthopedics for the White subgroup (43.5%, 95% CI 43.2%–43.9%), radiology for the Black subgroup (20%, 95% CI 18.9%–20.9%), general surgery for the Hispanic subgroup (11%, 95% CI 10.7%–11.2%), and internal medicine for the Asian subgroup (35.3%, 95% CI 34.9%–35.6%). Conclusion Match rates for women were lower than those for men in all programs except psychiatry, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and dermatology. Match rates were significantly lower for Black, Hispanic, and Asian subgroups than the White subgroup in all programs except for internal medicine, with the Asian subgroup being higher. We observed a significant increase in both application and acceptance rates for women and racial and ethnic minorities over the past 40 years.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori strain types and analysis of risk factors among subjects from Hainan Province, China
Authors: Chen Runxiang , Zhang Daya , Lv Yanting , Huang Shimei , Li Da , Zeng Fan , Chen Chen , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Shiju , Wang Jun , Bai Feihu 
Published: May 2024

Objective To explore the prevalence of type I and type II Helicobacter pylori infection and investigate risk factors in a population from Hainan Province in China. Methods Data came from a large, cross-sectional study conducted from August 2022 to April 2023 involving five cities of Hainan. Subjects with confirmed 14C-urea breath test (UBT) and positive serological assay were included. All subjects had a gastroscopy. According to presence or absence of CagA/VacA proteins, subjects were classified as either type I (present) or type II strains (absent). Gastroscopic findings and several socio-demographic factors were examined for correlation with antibody serotyping. Results In total, 410 subjects were investigated for H. pylori strain types. The overall prevalence of the highly virulent, type I H. pylori strain was 79% (324/410) and type II strain was 21% (86/410). There was a strong association between type I strain and peptic ulcer disease. Of several sociodemographic factors investigated, only smoking and data over baseline (DOB) values showed significant differences between type 1 and type II strains. Logistic regression analysis showed a lower risk of type I H. pylori infection in smokers compared with non-smokers, and a higher risk of H. pylori type I infection in subjects with medium and high data over baseline (DOB) values compared with subjects who had low DOB values. Conclusion Highly virulent, type I H. pylori infections predominate in Hainan and the co-positivity of CagA and VacA antibodies are related to type I H. pylori infection. We found that Type I H. pylori was closely associated with peptic ulcer disease and the DOB values were generally high.
A Study to Evaluate the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Medical, Dental, Nursing and Physiotherapy Students
Authors: Divya C. V.  , Nithya G.  , Premlal K. S. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The term ‘hepatitis’ describes an inflammation of the liver. A viral infection commonly causes it, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis. These include hepatitis caused by drugs, alcohol, toxins and other pharmaceuticals, as well as hepatitis caused by autoimmune conditions. The World Health Organisation suggested that by the close of the 20th century, all nations should include the Hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) in their regular infant and childhood immunisation regimens. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of Hepatitis B vaccination among students attending medical, dental, nursing and physiotherapy courses. Materials and Methods: Students studying medicine, dentistry, nursing and physiotherapy at a tertiary health care facility in Kerala’s Kozhikode district are participating in this cross-sectional survey. A structured, open-ended questionnaire that the self-administered knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) used to gather information regarding HBV infection and vaccination was employed to assess the KAP. For the assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice, appropriate scoring was carried out. Utilising SPSS Software version 20.0, the data was analysed. Results: Out of the total 335 students who responded, 256 (76.4%) students were vaccinated, 232 (69.3%) showed poor knowledge towards Hepatitis B vaccination, 6 (16.7%) were not vaccinated and the remaining 23 (6.9%) are not sure about vaccination status. About 38.8% of students have good practice and show a significant association between knowledge, attitude and practice of Hepatitis B vaccination among students. Conclusion: This study shows an association between knowledge, attitude and practice of Hepatitis B vaccination among students, implying that a better understanding of the disease has a positive effect on the practices exercised by an individual.
Exploring the Link Between Exogenous Thyroid Hormones and Dementia Symptoms: A Real-World Disproportionality Analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Zhou Jianxing , Lai Weipeng , Wei Zipeng , Xu Baohua , Liu Maobai , Zhang Nanwen , Wu Xuemei 
Published: May 2024

Background: A growing body of evidence indicates a strong association between exogenous thyroid hormone (ETH) and brain health. Establishing the potential relationship between ETH therapy and dementia symptoms is crucial for patients with thyroid disorders. Objective: In this study, we investigate the potential association between ETH therapy and dementia symptoms by exploring the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods: Disproportionality analysis (DPA) was conducted using postmarketing data from the FAERS repository (Q1 2004 to Q4 2023). Cases of dementia symptoms associated with ETH therapy were identified and analyzed through DPA using reporting odds ratios and information component methods. Dose and time-to-onset analyses were performed to assess the association between ETH therapy and dementia symptoms. Results: A total of 9889 cases of ETH-associated symptoms were identified in the FAERS database. Dementia accounted for a consistent proportion of adverse drug reactions each year (3.4%-6.3%). The DPA indicated an association between ETH therapy and dementia symptoms, which remained significant even across sex, age, and indications. The median time-to-onset of dementia symptoms was 7.5 days, and the median treatment time was 40.5 days. No significant dose-response relationship was observed. Conclusion and relevance: This study provides evidence for a link between ETH therapy and dementia. Clinicians are therefore advised to exercise vigilance, conduct comprehensive monitoring, and consider individualized dosing to mitigate potential reactions to ETH drug administration.