bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Nd‐doped Si thin films by laser ablation
Authors: Kawai Shinji , Komuro Shuji , Katsumata Toru 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNeodymium‐doped Si thin films (Si:Nd) have been controllably synthesized over the Nd concentration ranging from 1019 to 1021 cm–3 by laser ablation, which is a useful and simple technique to control the Nd doping level into a host material. Intense and sharp Nd3+–related photoluminescence (PL) is observed from 10 K up to room temperature. From the PL spectra and their temperature and Nd concentration dependence, it is found that Nd3+ emissions result from the indirect excitation of Nd3+ through the energy transfer of electron‐hole pairs created in the SiOx host, which is formed into the Si matrix (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Properties of gas sensors based on photochemically deposited nano‐ crystalline SnO2 films
Authors: Ichimura Masaya , Baoleer Aodeng , Sueyoshi Tetsuya 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe fabricated highly sensitive room temperature hydrogen sensors based on SnO2 films. The films were deposited by the photochemical deposition. A solution containing SnSO4 with its pH adjusted to about 1.4 by HNO3 were dropped onto the glass substrate and irradiated with the UV light. After 5min irradiation, the substrate was washed with water and dried before dropping the new solution. The films were fabricated by repeating this process. The sample annealed at 200 °C showed current increase by a factor >104 within 1 min for 5000 ppm hydrogen at room temperature. The removal of hydrogen from the ambient caused only a small decrease in the current, but the current decreased by more than three order of magnitude almost instantly upon subsequent exposure to air. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fine particles in amorphous silicon germanium thin films
Authors: Bhaduri Ayana , Chaudhuri Partha 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe have regulated the number density and the size of the fine particles/clusters called nanoparticles into the a‐SiGe:H films deposited from silane and germane diluted in hydrogen by applying a square wave pulse modulations (SWPM) of the rf (13.56 MHz) amplitude in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The plasma “on” time Ton and “off” time Toff were controlled over a wide range from 300 μsec to 30 msec. Growth rate (γr) of the number density (Nr) of the particles of size r shows a lognormal dependence on r. Tendency towards formation of nanocrystallites was observed on reducing the Ton. Ge content within nanocrystallites was found to increase with decrease in nanocrystallites size. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Attenuation of electromagnetic radia‐ tion by graphite‐epoxy composites
Authors: Vovchenko Ludmila , Matzui Ludmila , Oliynyk Viktor , Launetz Vilen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis work presents the results of investigations of the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of composite materials (CMs) based on epoxy resin and thermoexfoliated graphite (TEG). The measurements were performed in the wide region of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) frequency from 25.5 to 77.5 GHz. It was shown that structure and morphology of the graphite fillers influence the efficiency of electromagnetic shielding. For example, the composites with nanodispersed TEG (0.56–5.9 vol%) are characterized by low value of transmission coefficient αtr in comparison with composites with TEG or TEG2 (TEG subjected to repeated oxidation and thermoexfoliation): αtr is equal to (–29) dB for CM 10wt%TEG2+epoxy (at the specimen's thickness h =0.6 mm). The real part of permittivity ϵ ′ has been determined for the epoxy CMs with nanoTEG as filler. It also was found that electromagnetic shielding efficiency slightly increases at increasing of EMR frequency. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of carbon nanotubes using screen‐printing catalyst and its application for a field emission device
Authors: Chiang Wang‐Ta , Su Shui‐Hsiang , Wu Cheng‐Yu , Yokoyama Meiso 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIron nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.9H2O) catalyst is screen‐printed over silicon substrates and efficiently utilized to catalyze the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The concentration of iron nitrate influences the particle size distribution of the Fe catalyst, which determines the morphology of the obtained CNT arrays. H2 is introduced in varying concentrations in a CH4/N2 mixed gas during the synthesis of the CNTs, from which CNTs with uniform diameter distribution are grown. A field emission device that employs CNTs as emitters exhibits a current density of 9 mA/cm2 at an electrical field of 1.2 V/μm. This work demonstrates the potential to synthesize CNTs using a screen‐printed catalyst, which is a requirement for field emitter application at a large size. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In search of well‐started beginning science teachers: Insights from two first‐year elementary teachers
Authors: Avraamidou Lucy , Zembal‐Saul Carla 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore what aspects of two first‐year elementary teachers' practices were most consistent with an inquiry‐based approach, what PCK served as a mechanism for facilitating these practices, and what experiences have mediated the nature and development of these teachers' PCK. For each of the participants data included audio‐recorded interviews, video‐recorded classroom observations, lesson plans, and samples of student work. Data analysis illustrated that both participants engaged their students in question‐driven investigations, the use of observational data, making connections between evidence and claims, and communicating those claims to others. Moreover, there was clear evidence in the findings of the study that a considerable degree of coherence existed between the two participants' knowledge on one hand and their instructional practices on the other hand. The participants perceived specific learning experiences during their programs as being critical to their development. The contribution of this study lies in the fact that it provides examples of well‐started beginning elementary teachers implementing inquiry‐based science in 2nd and 5th grade classrooms. Implications of the study include the need for the design of university‐based courses and interventions by which teacher preparation and professional development programs support teachers in developing PCK for scientific inquiry and enacting instructional practices that are congruent with reform initiatives. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:661–686, 2010
Mobility management algorithms and applications for mobile sensor networks
Authors: Wang You‐Chiun , Wu Fang‐Jing , Tseng Yu‐Chee 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) offer a convenient way to monitor physical environments. In the past, WSNs are all considered static to continuously collect information from the environment. Today, by introducing intentional mobility to WSNs, we can further improve the network capability on many aspects, such as automatic node deployment, flexible topology adjustment, and rapid event reaction. In this paper, we survey recent progress in mobile WSNs and compare works in this field in terms of their models and mobility management methodologies. The discussion includes three aspects. Firstly, we discuss mobility management of mobile sensors for the purposes of forming a better WSN, enhancing network coverage and connectivity, and relocating some sensors. Secondly, we introduce path‐planning methods for data ferries to relay data between isolated sensors and to extend a WSN's lifetime. Finally, we review some existing platforms and discuss several interesting applications of mobile WSNs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Next generation mobility management: an introduction
Authors: Yu F. Richard , Wong Vincent W. S. , Song Joo‐Han , Leung Victor C. M. , Chan Henry C. B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMobility management, which includes location management and handoff management, is essential in cellular wireless networks to provide service to mobile users. Location management enables call delivery to mobile users, while handoff management maintains the connectivity of ongoing calls while users move between cells. In next generation networks, mobile users will avail themselves with terminals capable of accessing wireless networks employing multiple technologies, thus making the task of mobility management more challenging. This paper reviews recent developments in location management, and surveys methods for handoff management between heterogeneous systems. Methods for inter‐system handoffs in packet‐switched inter‐networks are discussed according to the protocol layer in which the handoffs take place, i.e., network layer, transport layer, and application layer. Open problems for mobility management in future wireless networks are also presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image‐based models of cardiac structure in health and disease
Authors: Vadakkumpadan Fijoy , Arevalo Hermenegild , Prassl Anton J. , Chen Junjie , Kickinger Ferdinand , Kohl Peter , Plank Gernot , Trayanova Natalia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractComputational approaches to investigating the electromechanics of healthy and diseased hearts are becoming essential for the comprehensive understanding of cardiac function. In this article, we first present a brief review of existing image‐based computational models of cardiac structure. We then provide a detailed explanation of a processing pipeline which we have recently developed for constructing realistic computational models of the heart from high resolution structural and diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired ex vivo. The presentation of the pipeline incorporates a review of the methodologies that can be used to reconstruct models of cardiac structure. In this pipeline, the structural image is segmented to reconstruct the ventricles, normal myocardium, and infarct. A finite element mesh is generated from the segmented structural image, and fiber orientations are assigned to the elements based on DTMR data. The methods were applied to construct seven different models of healthy and diseased hearts. These models contain millions of elements, with spatial resolutions in the order of hundreds of microns, providing unprecedented detail in the representation of cardiac structure for simulation studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Training Higher Surgical Trainees in Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration
Authors: Tutton Matthew G. , Pawa Nikhil , Arulampalam Tan H. A. , Motson Roger W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic common bile duct (CBD) exploration is regarded as a safe, definitive procedure for ductal calculi, avoiding the complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic CBD exploration carried out by trainees compared to those of an experienced consultant (R.W.M.).MethodsA prospective database of all cases of laparoscopic CBD exploration over a 15‐year period was analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent a four‐port technique and intraoperative cholangiography. Patient demographics, operative technique, success, and complications were analyzed.ResultsThe median age of patients undergoing laparoscopic CBD exploration was 65 years (range 14–94 years). In all, 187 (79%) of the CBD explorations were performed by one consultant and 48 (21%) by trainees. Calculi were successfully cleared in 141 (88%) and 43 (96%), respectively. There were two (<1%) conversions to an open procedure in the total group. The median operating time was 130 minutes in the consultant group versus 150 minutes in the trainee group (p < 0.05, Mann‐Whitney U‐test). There was no significant difference in CBD clearance rate, surgical approach, or complication rate between consultant and trainees (Fisher’s exact test).ConclusionsLaparoscopic CBD exploration is a safe procedure in both consultant and trainee hands. With appropriate training, surgical trainees can achieve equivalent outcomes in CBD clearance with no significant difference in complication rates.
Seven Sins of Humanitarian Medicine
Authors: Welling David R. , Ryan James M. , Burris David G. , Rich Norman M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe need for humanitarian assistance throughout the world is almost unlimited. Surgeons who go on humanitarian missions are definitely engaged in a noble cause. However, not infrequently, despite the best of intentions, errors are made in attempting to help others. The following are seven areas of concern: 1. Leaving a mess behind. 2. Failing to match technology to local needs and abilities. 3. Failing of non‐governmental organizations (NGO’s) to cooperate and help each other, and and accept help from military organizations. 4. Failing to have a follow‐up plan. 5. Allowing politics, training, or other distracting goals to trump service, while representing the mission as “service”. 6. Going where we are not wanted, or needed and/or being poor guests. 7. Doing the right thing for the wrong reason. The goal of this report is to discuss these potential problems, with ideas presented about how we might do humanitarian missions more effectively.
Outcome over seven years of healthy adults with and without subjective cognitive impairment
Authors: Reisberg Barry , Shulman Melanie B. , Torossian Carol , Leng Ling , Zhu Wei 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundSubjective cognitive impairment (SCI) in older persons without manifest symptomatology is a common condition with a largely unclear prognosis. We hypothesized that (1) examining outcome for a sufficient period by using conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia would clarify SCI prognosis, and (2) with the aforementioned procedures, the prognosis of SCI subjects would differ significantly from that of demographically matched healthy subjects, free of SCI, termed no cognitive impairment (NCI) subjects.MethodsA consecutive series of healthy subjects, aged ≥40 years, presenting with NCI or SCI to a brain aging and dementia research center during a 14‐year interval, were studied and followed up during an 18‐year observation window. The study population (60 NCI, 200 SCI, 60% female) had a mean age of 67.2 ± 9.1 years, was well‐educated (mean, 15.5 ± 2.7 years), and cognitively normal (Mini‐Mental State Examination, 29.1 ± 1.2).ResultsA total of 213 subjects (81.9% of the study population) were followed up. Follow‐up occurred during a mean period of 6.8 ± 3.4 years, and subjects had a mean of 2.9 ± 1.6 follow‐up visits. Seven NCI (14.9%) and 90 SCI (54.2%) subjects declined (P < .0001). Of NCI decliners, five declined to MCI and two to probable Alzheimer's disease. Of SCI decliners, 71 declined to MCI and 19 to dementia diagnoses. Controlling for baseline demographic variables and follow‐up time, Weibull proportional hazards model revealed increased decline in SCI subjects (hazard ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–10.3), whereas the accelerated failure time model analysis with an underlying Weibull survival function showed that SCI subjects declined more rapidly, at 60% of the rate of NCI subjects (95% confidence interval, 0.45–0.80). Furthermore, mean time to decline was 3.5 years longer for NCI than for SCI subjects (P = .0003).ConclusionsThese results indicate that SCI in subjects with normal cognition is a harbinger of further decline in most subjects during a 7‐year mean follow‐up interval. Relevance for community populations should be investigated, and prevention studies in this at‐risk population should be explored.
Elaboration and numerical anchoring: Breadth, depth, and the role of (non‐)thoughtful processes in anchoring theories
Authors: Wegener Duane T. , Petty Richard E. , Blankenship Kevin L. , Detweiler‐Bedell Brian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNoted Judgment and Decision Making (JDM) researchers differ in their opinions of whether and how an attitudes and persuasion (A&P) view of anchoring might add to the existing anchoring literature. Epley and Gilovich (2010) and Russo (2010) supported the breadth of variables that an attitudinal view of brings to bear on anchoring phenomena and the potential operation of different psychological processes across different contexts. They also suggest extensions to other types of anchors (along with Frederick et al. 2010), to alternative paradigms, and to other classes of moderators, such as goals. Authors of all three commentaries wondered if the evidence we presented speaks to traditional issues related to processes underlying anchoring. Frederick et al. (2010) also took a different approach in suggesting that anchoring is always due to non‐thoughtful processes despite the fact that thoughtful processes can also influence judgments. This approach diverges from prominent reviews of the anchoring literature and implies that the presence of any simple, associative mechanism makes the overall process that involves that mechanism “non‐thoughtful.” We discuss how this approach differs from our own, and we discuss the implications of the other observations in each commentary.
Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) pluripectinata n. sp. (Spirurida: Rictulariidae), a nematode parasite of the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) from Caatinga shrubland, Brazil
Authors: Lux Hoppe E.G. , Araújo de Lima R.C. , Tebaldi J.H. , Nascimento A.A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn a parasitological survey of free-ranging Cerdocyon thous (Carnivora: Canidae) from Brazilian Caatinga shrubland, a new species of Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) was recovered from the small intestine of this host. Morphological analysis showed that P. (Multipectines) pluripectinata n. sp. is distinguished from all other congeneric species mainly by the numerous plate-like projections and male caudal morphology and spicular length. There are few records on the occurrence of this genus in Neotropical regions.
Temporal and right frontal lobe alterations in panic disorder: a quantitative volumetric and voxel-based morphometric MRI study
Authors: Sobanski T. , Wagner G. , Peikert G. , Gruhn U. , Schluttig K. , Sauer H. , Schlösser R. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundWith regard to current neurobiological theories, the aim of our study was to examine possible alterations of temporal and frontal lobe volume in panic disorder (PD).MethodSeventeen in-patients with PD and a group of healthy control subjects (HC) matched for age and gender were investigated by quantitative volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Structures of interest were: the temporal lobe, the amygdala–hippocampus complex (AHC) and the frontal lobe. In addition, a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 (SPM5) was used for a more detailed assessment of possible volume alterations. Modulated grey matter (GM) images were used to test our a priori hypotheses and to present the volumetric results.ResultsQuantitative volumetric MRI revealed a bilateral reduction in temporal lobe volume in patients with PD compared to HC subjects. The AHC was normal. The right frontal lobe volume was also decreased. Using VBM we detected a significant GM volume reduction in the right middle temporal gyrus [Brodmann area (BA) 21] in patients with PD. In addition, there was a reduction in GM volume in the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (BA 11).ConclusionsOur results of reduced temporal and frontal lobe volume in PD are in agreement with prior studies. By using a recent VBM approach we were able to assess the abnormalities more precisely. The location of GM volume reduction in the right middle temporal gyrus and medial orbitofrontal cortex lends further support to recent aetiological models of PD.
Impairment, disability, social support and depression among older parents in rural Thailand
Authors: Suttajit S. , Punpuing S. , Jirapramukpitak T. , Tangchonlatip K. , Darawuttimaprakorn N. , Stewart R. , Dewey M. E. , Prince M. , Abas M. A. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundIt is not known whether social support modifies the association between depression and impairment or disability in older people from developing countries in Asia.MethodWe used a Thai version of the EURO-D scale to measure depression in 1104 Thai rural community-dwelling parents aged ⩾60 years. These were all those providing data on depression who were recruited as part of a study of older adults with at least one living child (biological, stepchild or adopted child). Logistic regression modelling was used to determine: (a) whether impairment, disability and social support deficits were associated with depression; (b) whether social support modified this association.ResultsThere were strong graded relationships between impairment, disability, social support deficits and EURO-D caseness. Level of impairment, but not disability, interacted with poor social support in that depression was especially likely in those who had more physical impairments as well as one or more social support deficits (pvalue for interaction=0.018), even after full adjustment.ConclusionsSocial support is important in reducing the association between physical impairment and depression in Thai older adults, especially for those with a large number of impairments. Enhancing social support as well as improving healthcare and disability facilities should be emphasized in interventions to prevent depression in older adults.
Using clinical databases to evaluate healthcare interventions
Authors: Harvey Sheila , Rowan Kathy , Harrison David , Black Nick 
Published: January 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of conducting rigorous, nonrandomized studies (NRSs) of healthcare interventions using existing clinical databases in terms of the following: recruiting a large representative sample of hospitals, identifying eligible cases, matching cases to controls to achieve similar baseline characteristics, making meaningful comparisons of outcomes, and carrying out subgroup analyses.Methods: Data were extracted from the Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre's Case Mix Programme Database to investigate the impact of management with a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Participating ICUs were invited to collect additional data for the analysis. Patients managed with a PAC were matched to control patients on their propensity score. Hospital mortality was then compared between the two groups.Results: Of 117 eligible ICUs, 68 (58 percent) agreed to participate, of which 57 (84 percent) collected additional data. Although a slightly higher proportion of larger ICUs in university hospitals participated, the patient case-mix was similar to that in nonparticipating ICUs. Almost all patients managed with a PAC (98 percent) were successfully matched to patients managed without a PAC. The two groups were similar for baseline characteristics. However, hospital mortality was worse for PAC patients than for non-PAC patients (odds ratio, 1.28; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.06–1.55). Subgroup analysis suggested that the impact of management with a PAC was modified by severity of illness.Conclusions: Rigorous NRSs are feasible if they are based on data from high-quality clinical databases. However, the reliability of estimated treatment effects from such studies requires further investigation.