bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isogenic venous graft supported with bone marrow stromal cells as a natural conduit for bridging a 20 mm nerve gap
Authors: Nijhuis Tim H.J. , Brzezicki Grzegorz , Klimczak Aleksandra , Siemionow Maria 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a technique for bridging large neural gaps, using an isogenic vein graft supported with isogenic bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). In three groups a nerve defect of 20 mm was bridged with a vein graft. Our first experimental group comprized an empty venous graft, in group II the venous nerve graft was filled with saline where as in group III the venous nerve graft was filled with BMSC. The animals were tested for functional recovery up to 3 months post repair. Our results show that the BMSC filled venous graft resulted in significantly better regeneration of the nerve defect compared to controls, as confirmed by the functional recovery measured by somatosensory evoked potentials, toe spread, pin prick, and gastrocnemius muscle index. Conclusively, the results confirm that the vein graft supported with BMSC is associated with better functional nerve regeneration. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Computational flow studies in a subject‐specific human upper airway using a one‐equation turbulence model. Influence of the nasal cavity
Authors: Saksono P. H. , Nithiarasu P. , Sazonov I. , Yeo S. Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper focuses on the impact of including nasal cavity on airflow through a human upper respiratory tract. A computational study is carried out on a realistic geometry, reconstructed from CT scans of a subject. The geometry includes nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and two generations of airway bifurcations below trachea. The unstructured mesh generation procedure is discussed in some length due to the complex nature of the nasal cavity structure and poor scan resolution normally available from hospitals. The fluid dynamic studies have been carried out on the geometry with and without the inclusion of the nasal cavity. The characteristic‐based split scheme along with the one‐equation Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model is used in its explicit form to obtain flow solutions at steady state. Results reveal that the exclusion of nasal cavity significantly influences the resulting solution. In particular, the location of recirculating flow in the trachea is dramatically different when the truncated geometry is used. In addition, we also address the differences in the solution due to imposed, equally distributed and proportionally distributed flow rates at inlets (both nares). The results show that the differences in flow pattern between the two inlet conditions are not confined to the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal region, but they propagate down to the trachea. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A surface remeshing approach
Authors: Aubry R. , Houzeaux G. , Vázquez M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA method is presented to remesh three‐dimensional discrete data surfaces. The originality of the method resides in mimicking heavily the classical adva10ncing front method for quality while always relying on a valid mesh for robustness. Therefore, local operations are applied in a first step to obtain a mesh of appropriate length scale compared to the specified size, and an original procedure has been developed for refinement that automatically degenerates to a surface mesh optimization if the size map has been respected. A valid mesh is then always available during the remeshing procedure.A new background grid is proposed that relies on a Cartesian mesh for the size distribution. Interpolation is performed very quickly and the size distribution is smoothed out to provide a slowly varying mesh size distribution.Various numerical results are presented to illustrate the efficiency but mainly the quality and robustness of the method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of clonal immunoglobulin and T‐cell receptor gene rearrangements in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using a low‐cost PCR strategy
Authors: Assumpção Juliana Godoy , Ganazza Mônica Aparecida , de Araújo Marcela , Silva Ariosto Siqueira , Scrideli Carlos Alberto , Brandalise Silvia Regina , Yunes José Andrés 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundImmunoglobulin (Ig) and T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements function as specific markers for minimal residual disease (MRD), which is one of the best predictors of outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We recently reported on the prognostic value of MRD during the induction of remission through a simplified PCR method. Here, we report on gene rearrangement frequencies and offer guidelines for the application of the technique.ProcedureTwo hundred thirty‐three children had DNA extracted from bone marrow. Ig and TCR gene rearrangements were amplified using consensus primers and conventional PCR. PCR products were submitted to homo/heteroduplex analysis. A computer program was designed to define combinations of targets for clonal detection using a minimum set of primers and reactions.ResultsAt least one clonal marker could be detected in 98% of the patients, and two markers in approximately 80%. The most commonly rearranged genes in precursor B‐cell ALL were IgH (75%), TCRD (59%), IgK (55%), and TCRG (54%). The most commonly rearranged genes for T‐ALL were TCRG (100%) and TCRD (24%). The sensitivity of primers was limited to the detection of 1 leukemic cell among 100 normal cells.ConclusionsWe propose that eight PCR reactions per ALL subtype would allow for the detection of two markers in most cases. In addition, these reactions are suitable for MRD monitoring, especially when aiming the selection of patients with high MRD levels (≥10−2) at the end of induction therapy. Such an approach would be very useful in centers with limited financial resources. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1278–1286. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rate of decline of ferritin in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as a prognostic variable for mortality
Authors: Lin Tiffany F. , Ferlic‐Stark Laura L. , Allen Carl E. , Kozinetz Claudia A. , McClain Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is difficult to diagnose and treat. Highly elevated ferritin is strongly associated with HLH and levels may provide a prognostic marker. A comprehensive review of ferritin data from our patients during treatment was analyzed with respect to mortality. A patient was 17 times more likely to die when percent ferritin decrease was less than 50% as compared to a 96% or greater decrease as indicated with multivariate logistic modeling. Higher maximum ferritin levels in the first 3 weeks also contributed to the odds of death (OR = 5.6; 90% CI = 1.2–24.9). Regular ferritin measurements may be useful predicting outcomes in HLH patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:154–155. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐emetic effect of ginger powder versus placebo as an add‐on therapy in children and young adults receiving high emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Pillai Anu Kochanujan , Sharma Kamlesh K , Gupta Yogendra K. , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurposeChemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are major adverse effects of chemotherapy. Ginger has been used in postoperative and pregnancy‐induced nausea and vomiting. Data on its utility in reducing CINV in children and young adults are lacking.Patients and MethodsSixty chemotherapy cycles of cisplatin/doxorubicin in bone sarcoma patients were randomized to ginger root powder capsules or placebo capsules as an additional antiemetic to ondensetron and dexamethasone in a double‐blind design. Acute CINV was defined as nausea and vomiting occurring within 24 hr of start of chemotherapy (days 1–4) and delayed CINV as that occurring after 24 hr of completion of chemotherapy (days 5–10). CINV was evaluated as per Edmonton's Symptom Assessment Scale and National Cancer Institute criteria respectively.ResultsAcute moderate to severe nausea was observed in 28/30 (93.3%) cycles in control group as compared to 15/27 (55.6%) cycles in experimental group (P = 0.003). Acute moderate to severe vomiting was significantly more in the control group compared to the experimental group [23/30 (76.7%) vs. 9/27 (33.33%) respectively (P = 0.002)]. Delayed moderate to severe nausea was observed in 22/30 (73.3%) cycles in the control group as compared to 7/27 (25.9%) in the experimental group (P < 0.001). Delayed moderate to severe vomiting was significantly more in the control group compared to the experimental group [14/30 (46.67%) vs. 4/27 (14.81%) (P = 0.022)].ConclusionGinger root powder was effective in reducing severity of acute and delayed CINV as additional therapy to ondensetron and dexamethasone in patients receiving high emetogenic chemotherapy (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00940368). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:234–238. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemically induced phase separation in the preparation of porous epoxy monolith
Authors: Li Jianhua , Du Zhongjie , Li Hangquan , Zhang Chen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA methodology for preparing porous epoxy monolith via chemically induced phase separation was proposed. The starting system was a mixture of an epoxy precursor, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA), a curing agent, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), and a thermoplastic polymer, polypropylene carbonate (PPC). As DGEBA was cured with DDM, the system became phase‐separated having PPC particles dispersed in epoxy matrix. After PPC particles were removed by thermal degradation, a porous structure was obtained. The phase separation mechanism was determined by the initial composition and illustrated by a pseudophase diagram. The pore size increased with increasing the concentration of PPC and raising the curing temperature. The intermediate and final morphologies of the system were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
A green fluorescent protein solubility screen in E. coli reveals domain boundaries of the GTP‐binding domain in the P element transposase
Authors: Sabogal Alex , Rio Donald C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGuanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding and hydrolysis events often act as molecular switches in proteins, modulating conformational changes between active and inactive states in many signaling molecules and transport systems. The P element transposase of Drosophila melanogaster requires GTP binding to proceed along its reaction pathway, following initial site‐specific DNA binding. GTP binding is unique to P elements and may represent a novel form of transpositional regulation, allowing the bound transposase to find a second site, looping the transposon DNA for strand cleavage and excision. The GTP‐binding activity has been previously mapped to the central portion of the transposase protein; however, the P element transposase contains little sequence identity with known GTP‐binding folds. To identify soluble, active transposase domains, a GFP solubility screen was used testing the solubility of random P element gene fragments in E. coli. The screen produced a single clone spanning known GTP‐binding residues in the central portion of the transposase coding region. This clone, amino acids 275–409 in the P element transposase, was soluble, highly expressed in E.coli and active for GTP‐binding activity, therefore is a candidate for future biochemical and structural studies. In addition, the chimeric screen revealed a minimal N‐terminal THAP DNA‐binding domain attached to an extended leucine zipper coiled‐coil dimerization domain in the P element transposase, precisely delineating the DNA‐binding and dimerization activities on the primary sequence. This study highlights the use of a GFP‐based solubility screen on a large multidomain protein to identify highly expressed, soluble truncated domain subregions.
Predicting the disruption by UO22+ of a protein‐ligand interaction
Authors: Pible Olivier , Vidaud Claude , Plantevin Sophie , Pellequer Jean‐Luc , Quéméneur Eric 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe uranyl cation (UO22+) can be suspected to interfere with the binding of essential metal cations to proteins, underlying some mechanisms of toxicity. A dedicated computational screen was used to identify UO22+ binding sites within a set of nonredundant protein structures. The list of potential targets was compared to data from a small molecules interaction database to pinpoint specific examples where UO22+ should be able to bind in the vicinity of an essential cation, and would be likely to affect the function of the corresponding protein. The C‐reactive protein appeared as an interesting hit since its structure involves critical calcium ions in the binding of phosphorylcholine. Biochemical experiments confirmed the predicted binding site for UO22+ and it was demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance assays that UO22+ binding to CRP prevents the calcium‐mediated binding of phosphorylcholine. Strikingly, the apparent affinity of UO22+ for native CRP was almost 100‐fold higher than that of Ca2+. This result exemplifies in the case of CRP the capability of our computational tool to predict effective binding sites for UO22+ in proteins and is a first evidence of calcium substitution by the uranyl cation in a native protein.
Does inflammation play a role in kava hepatotoxicity?
Authors: Zhang Lillian Yuan , Rowe Anthony , Ramzan Iqbal 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe pathophysiology of kava hepatotoxicity remains inconclusive. There is circumstantial evidence for the roles of toxic metabolites, inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and depletion of liver glutathione. Pharmacogenomic effects are likely, particularly for Cytochrome P450 genes. Experimental and clinical cases of hepatotoxicity show evidence of hepatitis. The question remains whether this inflammation is caused by components of kava directly, or indirectly due to the downstream effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A general theory of lyophobic colloids. II
Authors: Hamaker H. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCorresponding to views developed in the first paper a formula is given, which roughly estimates the total energy of interaction between two colloidal particles as a function of their distance apart: this formula contains the particle charge E and the electrolyte concentration c as two independent parameters.The properties of a colloidal system are discussed for arbitrary values of E and c. The E‐c plane obtained by plotting E and c as abscis and ordinate in a rectangular system of axis is found to be split up in different portions; in one region a sol is stable, in another it is flocculated, while in intermediate regions more complicated conditions prevail.A physical change in the sol is represented by a simultaneous variation of E and c, that is by a curve in the E‐c plane. With the aid of such curves a variety of phenomena viz. peptisation, reversible and irreversible flocculation, and thixotropy are discussed in a clear and simple way.
The crystal structure of NaOH.BF3 and of the alkali fluoborates and TIBF4
Authors: Klinkenberg L. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn X‐ray analysis was carried out of Na‐ Cs‐ and TIBF4 which proved to be isomorphous with the corresponding Perchlorates. The compound BF3. NaOH, isomorphous with NaBF4, should be formulated as the sodium salt of monohydroxyfluoboric acid; the hydroniumsalt of the same acid (BF3. 2H2O) formed the subject of a previous publication.From the dissociation pressure, the heat of dissociation of NaBF4 and NaOH. BF3 was determined. The relative stability of both compounds was discussed.
Das Azidpotential
Authors: Blokker P. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie Potentiale an einer blanken und einer platinierten Platinanode während der Elektrolyse einer Natriumazidlösung und der Einfluss von Kaliumrhodanid auf diese Potentiale wurden bestimmt. Kaliumrhodanid macht die Potentiale weniger positiv. Dies ist im Einklang mit der Tatsache, dass Jod nur im Gegenwart von Kaliumrhodanid imstande ist aus Natriumazidlösungen Stickstoff zu entwickeln.Weiter zeigte sich, dass der Stickstoff, welcher in statu nascendi bei Elektrolyse einer Natriumazidlösung entsteht, in Gegenwart von Phenol, Spuren eines Isonitrils bildet.
Polymerisation of tetrahydronaphthalene
Authors: Waterman H. I. , Leendertse J. J. , Nieman J. B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroduction. In previous communications the results of polymerisation experiments carried out with several unsaturated hydrocarbons were described A general survey is given in Trans. Faraday Soc., “A general discussion on polymerisation and condensation”, 37, 251 (1936).
H. I. Waterman, J. J. Leendertse and W. A. A. Blanche Koelensmid, Rec. trav. chim. 55, 7 (1936).
H. I. Waterman, J. J. Leendertse and J. Ph. Makkink, J. Inst. Petroleum Tech. 22. 333 (1936).
In the present paper the results of the polymerisation of tetrahydro‐naphthalene with aluminium chloride as a catalyst will be described. The nature of the reaction products of the polymerisation was investigated by using the specific refractivity‐molecular weight methodJ. C. Vlugter, H. I. Waterman and H. A. van Westen, J. Inst. Petroleum Tech. 21, 661 (1935). see also J. C. Vlugter, Thesis Delft 1932.
.Though the reaction products that have been obtained by the polymerisation of tetrahydronaphthalene at 50°C with aluminium chloride as a catalyst are strongly cyclic, their nature can only partly be explained by the supposition that the reaction during the polymerisation experiment is a “theoretical polymerisation”, in which the molecular weight regularly increases, without any ring opening or ring formation.It has been proved in analogy with the work of SchroeterG. Schroeter, Ber. 57, 1990 (1924).
that some ring opening occurred during the polymerisation. Also a rather important quantity of a solid, crystalline compound which contained 3 rings per molecule has been separated from the reaction products.The production of gases has not been observed in the polymerisation.
On the chlorination of chlorobenzene in the gaseous phase at 500‐600°; The meta directing influence of the chlorine atom
Authors: Wibaut J. P. , van de Lande L. M. F. , Wallagh G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe chlorination of chlorobenzene vapour in the presence of pumice as a contact substance has been studied at 500°, 550° and 600°. The reaction proceeds violently; even when a large excess of chlorobenzene is used, carbon is formed, especially in the experiments at 550° and at 600°. Besides dichlorobenzenes a considerable quantity of higher chlorinated benzenes is formed; the yields of dichlorobenzenes are low. The mixture of dichlorobenzenes has been isolated from the reaction product and the proportions of isomerides has been determined by thermal analysis. The main product (50%‐60%) of the mixture of dichlorobenzenes formed within the range of 500–600°, is meta‐dichlorobenzene.Although the chlorination of chlorobenzene at high temperatures is not suitable for an exact quantitative investigation, it is proved in this paper, that this substitution reaction belongs to the meta type at 500–600° in the presence of pumice as a contact substance.
L'action des Disulfures Alcalins sur le Tétrabromotétraméthylméthane
Authors: Backer H. J. , Evenhuis N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCette réaction donne un tétrasulfure spirocyclique asymétrique, dont l'un anneau renferme la fonction dithioéther, tandis que l'autre est le sulfure d'un thioéther.La structure du tétrasulfure résulte de la désulfuration à l'aide de cuivre qui conduit à un trisulfure et de l'oxydation qui donne naissance d'abord à la disulfone du trisulfure et puis à un acide sulfonedisulfonique.
Die Krystallstruktur des Trioxymethylens
Authors: Moerman N. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie Krystallstruktur dieses Polymers des Formaldehyds wurde bestimmt ohne jede Annahme über Form und Grösse des Moleküls. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass das Trioxymethylen im festen Zustand aus (CH2O)3‐Molekülen aufgebaut ist. Die 3 Kohlenstoffatome bilden zusammen mit den drei Sauerstoffatomen einen Sechsring der nicht flach ist, wie beim Benzen sondern dem geknickten Sechsring des Cyclohexans (Stuhlzustand) sehr ähnelt. Die Struktur ist rhomboedrisch (Raumgruppe C63√).
Die Dielektrizitäts‐Konstante des Flüssigen Schwefeltrioxyds
Authors: Smits A. , Moerman N. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie Dielektrizitätskonstante des flüssigen Schwefeltrioxyds wurde zwischen 12° und 28°, die des eisartigen Schwefeltrioxyds zwischen 12° und 16°.85 (Tripelpunkt) gemessen.Die D.K. zeigte bei der Schmelztemperatur keinen Sprung. Die starke Aenderung in der Zusammensetzung beim Schmelzen hat also keinen merklichen Einfluss auf der D.K. Daraus wurde geschlossen, dass die polymeren Moleküle aus (SO3)3 bestehen.Diese sind dipolfrei und werden wahrscheinlich eine ebene Konfiguration besitzen.
Some properties of the ecgonines and their esters I
Authors: de Jong A. W. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe specific rotation of l‐ecgonine in different solutions is discussed. The decomposition of 0.5g of cocaine in 20 cm3 of 2 n.hydrochloric acid is complete in 5 hours, as is also that of 0.25 g in 20 cm3 of n/2 acid. A method is indicated for the determination of the quantity of l‐ecgonine in a mixture containing a compound with leavo rotation, which is not altered by boiling with 20% caustic potash solution. The following principle results were obtained with this method. The quantity of ecgonidine formed by boiling l‐ecgonine, l‐benzoylecgonine and l‐cocaine with hydrochloric acid is greater the stronger the acid and the longer the time of boiling. The esters are split up first into ecgonine and this is then partly transformed into ecgonidine. d‐Φ‐Ecgonine is not converted by boiling for 12 hours in a strong solution of hydrochloric acid. The l‐ecgonine of the esters is partly converted into ecgonidine by boiling with 20% potash. At ordinary temperatures the esters of l‐ecgonine are partially converted into d‐Φ‐ecgonine by alkalis in alcohol or acetone. This is a result of their easy conversion into their d‐isomers while they are still undecomposed and in contact with an alkali. By boiling with water benzoylecgonine and also cocaine form only small quantities of ecgonidine. l‐Cocaine heated at 115°–120° is converted first to the extent of 50% into ecgonidine methylester and benzoic acid; this acid then forms a benzoate with the remaining 50% of l‐cocaine, which is transformed on heating into l‐ecgonine methyl ester and benzoic acid anhydride, while the latter ester is changed on longer heating into its d‐isomer. d‐Cocaine is also transformed by heating at 115–120° into ecgonidine but with much more difficulty. The ecgonines and the cocaines are all converted on heating with excess benzoic acid at 115–120° into ecgonidine. l‐Ecgonine forms a compound with barium chloride (2 mol. of ecgonine + 1 mol. of BaCl2) which is slightly soluble in boiling absolute alcohol, but insoluble in boiling benzene.
Some properties of the ecgonines and their esters II. The structural formulae of the ecgonines and ecgonidine
Authors: de Jong A. W. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe structural formulae of the ecgonines are discussed and arguments are put forward for the double bond of ecgonidine being in the α.β‐position instead of in the β.γ‐position as suggested by Willstätter and Müller.