bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Fracture Network in Shale Reservoir Using Microseismic Data
Authors: Tafti Tayeb A. , Aminzadeh Fred 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Microseismicity caused by fracking is recorded during different stages of stimulation. We demonstrate how such data can be used to characterize the fracture network to provide us with better understanding of the fracture network geometry, connectivity, and density. We go beyond the existing methods that use the origination points of the microseismic events for locating the fracture network. Our technical analysis on microseismic data involves an integrated workflow to utilize other information content of the events such as their size, relationship with other events, their attributes and their relationship with other data (conventional seismic, well data, ..). The additional information allows to optimize the stimulation treatment plan for improved recovery. The new approach also provides useful information for the well spacing plan, the well design, and the completion design.
The workflow starts with calculating hypocentral location of events and detecting first arrival times for both P-and S-waves. Then, we carry out fractal analysis, fuzzy clustering, tomographic inversion, stress analysis, and shear wave splitting analysis. We show the incremental benefit of each step and how they can be used to estimate the reservoir properties. We demonstrate how we can validate the results using other types of data, such as production, well data, seismic, and geological data. Integration of different types of data should result in higher accuracy in the estimates. With the advent of new and cost effective geophone sensor arrays and improvement in the analysis and interpretation techniques, use of microseismic data is expected to become a more routine process for fast, efficient, and accurate characterization of shale gas/oil reservoir and improvement in production methods.
Numerical Modeling of Multi-Fracture Horizontal Well for Uncertainty Analysis and History Matching: Case Studies from Oklahoma and Texas Shale Gas Wells
Authors: Chaudhri Mansoor M 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Accurate modeling of multi-fracture horizontal shale gas wells is the holy grail of shale gas reservoirs. Modeling shale gas wells is difficult because of the lack of subsurface data and inability to model correct physics. Some of the biggest uncertainties in shale gas reservoirs are the length of fractures, existing natural fracture network, matrix permeability, adsorption, and size of stimulated rock volume (SRV). Numerous techniques are used to reduce these uncertainties, such as Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test (DFIT), micro-seismic monitoring and Special Core Analysis (SCAL).
In this paper we present a new numerical approach to model multi-fracture shale gas wells. The problem is simplified in terms of modeling the natural fracture network intersected by the induced fractures by creating a SRV around the well with size and permeability of the SRV used as uncertainty parameters. Individual fracture stages are modeled explicitly by utilizing logarithmic local grid refinement (LGR).
We apply this methodology to two field cases. First case corresponds to a multi-fracture shale gas well in Oklahoma. A detailed design of experiment study is also performed to identify main uncertainties and generate a probabilistic production forecast. Numerical simulation model, coupled with an in-house probabilistic tool, is used for this study. Second case corresponds to shale gas horizontal well in east Texas. Daily production and pressure data is history matched using a numerical model. History matching provided us with great insight and better understanding of different uncertainty parameters and how they affect early to late production of horizontal shale gas wells.
Robust Production-Rate Interpolation in Waterflood Management
Authors: Zhai Daoyuan , Mendel Jerry M. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Estimating inter-well connectivities based on injection and production rates has become increasingly popular, because it is an economical way to detect preferential subsurface flow trends. The techniques that adopt this idea all rely on the quality (accuracy and frequency) of the actual measured rates; however, in many oilfields, the production rates are measured infrequently, e.g. every eight days on average, which is significantly lower than the frequency required to produce reliable outcomes.
This paper proposes an Iterative Extended Kalman Filter and Smoother to dynamically interpolate missing data between two available measurements. It shows, by using reservoir simulator data, and assuming one measurement every eight days, that the interpolated production rates lead to almost equivalent inter-well connectivity estimates as those obtained when production rates are measured daily.
It appears that signal processing can be used to replace costly measurements. Such "virtual" measurements can be utilized by different well-rate-based techniques to improve their performances.
PROTEIN FOLD CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING PARADIGM - A REVIEW
Authors: Stąpor Katarzyna 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Protein fold recognition using machine learning-based methods is crucial in the protein structure discovery, especially when the traditional sequence comparison methods fail because the structurally-similar proteins share little in the way of sequence homology. Many different machine learning-based fold classification methods have been proposed with still increasing accuracy and the main aim of this article is to cover all the major results in this field.
Computer modelling of pentoxifylline release from a cylinder-shaped hydroxylapatite carrier
Authors: Mietła Agnieszka , Mycek Beata , Wanat Iwona , Wąs Jarosław , Zima Aneta 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The main objective of this article is to present the basic stages of creating a computer simulation of medication release from an undegraded carrier. Additionally, an innovative approach was presented to the construction of a porous material used for making the carrier for the medication. The programme presented here is based on Cellular Automata, used as a tool for modelling physical, chemical and biological phenomena which change in time. The results of in-silico calculations have been compared with empirical results.
HEXAPOD - SIX-LEGGED WALKING ROBOT CONTROLLED WITH TODA-RAYLEIGH LATTICE
Authors: Piątek Marcin , Turnau Andrzej 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Movement of six-legged robot is considered. The robot is built to conduct research on the control of different modes of walking with a particular focus on switching from one mode to another. The robot parameters are identified from real-time control experiments. A number of identical servo motors are responsible for the mobility of the hexapod. Therefore, in addition to the construction of hexapod and its control system and the ability to generate different gaits, it is important to create a simulation model of the hexapod including servo motors. The full state observer for the servo motor is an integral part of this model. Forward and backward kinematics of the robot legs is implemented. The six node Toda-Rayleigh lattice model is created and numerically simulated. The lattice is applied as the robot controller. Three different modes of robot gait are achieved. The algorithm used for the gait mode change is equipped with parameters that are experimentally chosen.
Use and Usability of Health related E-services among the Senior Citizens
Authors: Alfredsson Jayne , Zary Nabil 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Services provided by governmental and the health sectors in Sweden are increasingly being digitalized. This includes use of information technology (IT) to search healthcare information, electronic booking for consultation and other health-related services. The use of health services is growing among the senior citizens and it is therefore important to investigate how electronic (e-health services) are used and how they are suited to the senior citizens. The objective of the study was to review the health related e-services and identify those that are for the elderly population.
The study was divided into three phases. First a literature review was undertaken followed by a questionnaire in the second phase. Finally qualitative observations with focus on usability were carried out in the third phase.
An overview of the available health related e-services is reported and those that are used by the senior citizens were identified. The result showed a large and growing use of health related e-services by internet savvy senior citizens. An increased and more varied use of the available services could be achieved with a targeted marketing. The investigated health related e-services were perceived as relatively user-friendly, nevertheless senior citizens and the patients in general would benefit from an enhancement and continuous review of the usability of the provided e-services.
Motion Vector Estimation of a Stereovision Camera with Inertial Sensors
Authors: Pełczyński Paweł , Ostrowski Bartosz , Rzeszotarski Dariusz 
Published: March 2012

Motion Vector Estimation of a Stereovision Camera with Inertial SensorsThe aim of the presented work was the development of a tracking algorithm for a stereoscopic camera setup equipped with an additional inertial sensor. The input of the algorithm consists of the image sequence, angular velocity and linear acceleration vectors measured by the inertial sensor. The main assumption of the project was fusion of data streams from both sources to obtain more accurate ego-motion estimation. An electronic module for recording the inertial sensor data was built. Inertial measurements allowed a coarse estimation of the image motion field that has reduced its search range by standard image-based methods. Continuous tracking of the camera motion has been achieved (including moments of image information loss). Results of the presented study are being implemented in a currently developed obstacle avoidance system for visually impaired pedestrians.
Influence of somatic symptoms on patient health questionnaire‐9 depression scores among patients with systemic sclerosis compared to a healthy general population sample
Authors: Leavens Allison , Patten Scott B. , Hudson Marie , Baron Murray , Thombs Brett D. ,   for the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveDepression symptom measures that include somatic symptoms may inflate severity estimates among medically ill patients, including patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). The 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) is increasingly used to assess depressive symptoms in medical settings, but it is not known whether PHQ‐9 scores are influenced by somatic symptoms common in medical illness. The objective was to assess whether SSc patients had higher somatic symptom scores on the PHQ‐9 than non–medically ill respondents from the general population matched on cognitive/affective scores.MethodsSSc patients from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group Registry were matched with respondents from a random population survey of Alberta, Canada residents who were without chronic disease on total PHQ‐9 cognitive/affective scores (5 items), sex, and, as close as possible, age. PHQ‐9 somatic scores (4 items) were compared between SSc patients and healthy Alberta survey respondents using t‐tests for unadjusted analyses and analysis of covariance to adjust for age differences that remained after matching.ResultsSomatic symptoms accounted for 64% of the total PHQ‐9 scores for 762 matched SSc patients (n = 837 total) compared to 56% for 762 matched Alberta population survey respondents (n = 3,304 total), a mean difference of 1.0 point, or 19% of the total scores for the SSc patients (Hedges's g = 0.38). After adjusting for age, the mean difference increased to 1.4 points, reflecting 25% of the SSc patients' total scores (Hedges's g = 0.55).ConclusionPHQ‐9 scores among patients with SSc may include a small to moderate amount of variance from somatic symptoms that are not necessarily related to depression.
Using exercise training to counterbalance chronotropic incompetence and delayed heart rate recovery in systemic lupus erythematosus: A randomized trial
Authors: Miossi Renata , Benatti Fabiana B. , Lúciade de Sá Pinto Ana , Lima Fernanda R. , Borba Eduardo F. , Prado Danilo M. L. , Perandini Luiz Augusto , Gualano Bruno , Bonfá Eloisa , Roschel Hamilton 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a 3‐month exercise training program in counteracting the chronotropic incompetence and delayed heart rate recovery in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsA 12‐week randomized trial was conducted. Twenty‐four inactive SLE patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups: trained (T; n = 15, 3‐month exercise program) and nontrained (NT; n = 13). A sex‐, body mass index–, and age‐matched healthy control (C) group (n = 8) also underwent the exercise program. Subjects were assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks after training. Main measurements included the chronotropic reserve (CR) and the heart rate (HR) recovery (ΔHRR) as defined by the difference between HR at peak exercise and at both the first (ΔHRR1) and second (ΔHRR2) minutes after the exercise test.ResultsNeither the NT SLE patients nor the C group presented any change in the CR or in ΔHRR1 and ΔHRR2 (P > 0.05). The exercise training program was effective in promoting significant increases in CR (P = 0.007, effect size [ES] 1.15) and in ΔHRR1 and ΔHRR2 (P = 0.009, ES 1.12 and P = 0.002, ES 1.11, respectively) in the SLE T group when compared with the NT group. Moreover, the HR response in SLE patients after training achieved parameters comparable to the C group, as evidenced by the analysis of variance and by the Z score analysis (P > 0.05, T versus C). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scores remained stable throughout the study.ConclusionA 3‐month exercise training program was safe and capable of reducing the chronotropic incompetence and the delayed ΔHRR observed in physically inactive SLE patients.
Localization of serotonin in the nervous system of Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host for schistosomiasis
Authors: Delgado Nadia , Vallejo Deborah , Miller Mark W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe digenetic trematode Schistosoma mansoni that causes the form of schistosomiasis found in the Western Hemisphere requires the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata as its primary intermediate host. It has been proposed that the transition from the free‐living S. mansoni miracidium to parasitic mother sporocyst depends on uptake of biogenic amines, e.g. serotonin, from the snail host. However, little is known about potential sources of serotonin in B. glabrata tissues. This investigation examined the localization of serotonin‐like immunoreactivity (5HTli) in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues of B. glabrata. Emphasis was placed on the cephalic and anterior pedal regions that are commonly the sites of S. mansoni miracidium penetration. The anterior foot and body wall were densely innervated by 5HTli fibers but no peripheral immunoreactive neuronal somata were detected. Within the CNS, clusters of 5HTli neurons were observed in the cerebral, pedal, left parietal, and visceral ganglia, suggesting that the peripheral serotonergic fibers originate from the CNS. Double‐labeling experiments (biocytin backfill × serotonin immunoreactivity) of the tentacular nerve and the three major pedal nerves (Pd n. 10, Pd n. 11, and Pd n. 12) disclosed central neurons that project to the cephalopedal periphery. Overall, the central distribution of 5HTli neurons suggests that, as in other gastropods, serotonin regulates the locomotion, reproductive, and feeding systems of Biomphalaria. The projections to the foot and body wall indicate that serotonin may also participate in defensive, nociceptive, or inflammation responses. These observations identify potential sources of host‐derived serotonin in this parasite–host system. J. Comp. Neurol., 520:3236–3255, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cationic microparticle [poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)]‐coated DNA vaccination induces a long‐term immune response against foot and mouth disease in guinea pigs
Authors: Reddy Kotla S. , Rashmi Brabhi R. , Dechamma Hosur J. , Gopalakrishna Susarla , Banumathi N. , Suryanarayana Veluvarthy V. S. , Reddy Golla R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundFoot and mouth disease (FMD) can be controlled by regular vaccination and restriction of the movement of infected animals in the endemic countries. Although presently used, tissue culture inactivated vaccine gives protection, it has several limitations, including a short duration of immunity. DNA vaccine delivered through microparticles could comprise an alternative approach to conventional vaccine when aiming to circumvent these limitations.MethodsWe constructed the expression plasmid (pVAC‐1D) containing 1D gene FMD virus serotype Asia 1. Poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLG) microparticles were prepared and coated with the pVAC‐1D plasmid. Guinea pigs were vaccinated with PLG‐coated and naked DNA vaccine constructs intramuscularly. The humoral response was measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the serum neutralization test (SNT). Analysis of the persistence and the expression of pVAC‐1D plasmid construct was carried out by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).ResultsThe humoral response lasted for 1 year, as measured by ELISA and SNT. Analysis of the persistence and the expression of pVAC‐1D plasmid construct by qPCR has shown that pVAC‐1D expression was seen for a longer duration compared to the naked DNA vaccine. Microparticles coated plasmid DNA‐injected guinea pigs were protected when challenged with FMD virus.ConclusionsThe present study has shown that the delivery of plasmid coated on cationic PLG microparticles enhance the duration of immunity of the DNA vaccine constructs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density functional theory study on magnetic interactions in the V3+ dimer complexes
Authors: Suzuki Hidenori , Satoko Chikatoshi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe magnetic interactions in the V2Cl cluster is investigated as an example of the orbitally degenerate d2–d2 transition metal dimer complexes. The local orbital functions are defined by linear combinations of the molecular orbital functions which are calculated by the density functional theory. These local orbitals are used as basis of the matrix of an effective Hamiltonian. To evaluate the parameters of the effective Hamiltonian, the total energies in the single Slater determinants of the all possible configurations are calculated. Especially to obtain the one‐body energies and Coulomb integrals separately, the total energies in the states of the configurations with a noninteger occupation numbers are also calculated. One parameter remains as a fitting parameter Δ, which is the difference between the one‐body energies of two local orbitals a1 and e under C3v site symmetry. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility for some values of Δ are shown.
A note about invariant SKT structures and generalized Kähler structures on flag manifolds
Authors: Alekseevsky Dmitri V. , David Liana 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe prove that any invariant strong Kähler structure with torsion (SKT structure) on a flag manifold M = G/K of a semi-simple compact Lie group G is Kähler. As an application we describe invariant generalized Kähler structures on M.
The evidence-based pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder
Authors: Blanco Carlos , Bragdon Laura B. , Schneier Franklin R. , Liebowitz Michael R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly prevalent and often disabling disorder. This paper reviews the pharmacological treatment of SAD based on published placebo-controlled studies and published meta-analyses. It addresses three specific questions: What is the first-line pharmacological treatment of SAD? How long should treatment last? What should be the management of treatment-resistant cases? Based on their efficacy for SAD and common co-morbid disorders, tolerability and safety, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and venlafaxine should be considered the first-line treatment for most patients. Less information is available regarding the optimal length of treatment, although individuals who discontinue treatment after 12–20 wk appear more likely to relapse than those who continue on medication. Even less empirical evidence is available to support strategies for treatment-resistant cases. Clinical experience suggests that SSRI non-responders may benefit from augmentation with benzodiazepines or gabapentin or from switching to monoamine oxidase inhibitors, reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A, benzodiazepines or gabapentin. Cognitive-behavioural is a well-established alternative first line therapy that may also be a helpful adjunct in non-responders to pharmacological treatment of SAD.
Regeneration and outcome of dual grafts in living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Lu Chia‐Hsun , Chen Tai‐Yi , Huang Tung‐Liang , Tsang Leo Leung‐Chit , Ou Hsin‐You , Yu Chun‐Yen , Chen Chao‐Long , Cheng Yu‐Fan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), the essential aims are to provide an adequate graft volume to the recipient and to keep a sufficient remnant liver volume in the donor. In some instances, these aims cannot be met by a single donor and LDLT using dual grafts from two donors is a good solution. From 2002 to 2009, five recipients in our hospital received dual graft LDLT. Two recipients received one right lobe and one left lobe grafts; the other three received two left lobe grafts. The mean final liver regeneration rate was 91.2%. Left lobe graft atrophy in the long term was observed in recipients who received a right and a left lobe grafts. The initial bigger volume graft in all recipients was noted to have better regeneration than the smaller volume grafts. Portal flow and bilateral grafts volume size discrepancy were considered as two major factors influencing graft regeneration in this study. We also noted that the initial graft volume correlated with portal flow in the separate grafts and finally contribute to individual graft regeneration. Because of compensatory hypertrophy of the other graft, recipients who experienced atrophy of one graft did not show signs of liver dysfunction.