bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Bestimmung der Grenzflächenspannung Salzhydratschmelze‐Halogenkohlenwasserstoff von „Galisol”︁‐Latentwärmespeicher‐Stoffkombinationen
Authors: Emons Hans‐heinz , Müller Armin , Naumann Rüdiger 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe characterization of „Galisol”︁‐heat storage units requires the determination of interfacial tension between the heat storage material (salt hydrate) and the heat transfer liquid (halogened hydrocarbon). Hence, an apparatus was developed to investigate this interfacial tension under „Galisol”︁ ‐conditions (working temperature, pressure higher than 0, 1 MPa). The apparatus based on the pendant drop method. The interfacial tension in the system Na2SO4‐H2O‐n‐alkylsulphate‐C2H5Br was investigated as a function of the concentration of the surfactant and the time to adjust the equilibrium of the surfactant at the interface. The typical behaviour of the interfacial tension as a function of surfactant concentration in the investigated system can be observed. The cmc was found at 0,025% surfactant.
A Survey of Electrodes used for Voltammetric Analysis
Authors: Bond Alan M. , Scholz Fritz 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis review describes the properties of the most common electrodes used for voltammetric analysis. Electrode construction and electrode materials are discussed as are applications under various conditions, such as aqueous and nonaqueous solvents, unstirred and flowing solutions. Less common electrodes are also discussed when a broader applicability in the field of analytical chemistry can be expected in the future. This review is intended to assist the analyst in choosing the appropriate electrode for a particular problem.
IR‐Spektroskopie mit Polarisierter Strahlung
Authors: Jordanov Bojidar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIR spectroscopic polarization methods for studying linear and circular dichroism, linear and circular birefringence are considered. A special attention is paid to the differential measurement of these phenomena by means of dispersive and FTIR spectrometers. Specific examples obtained by FTIR technique are presented.
Tandem‐Massenspektrometrie — Grundlagen und Applikationen
Authors: Stach Joachim , Möder Monika , Herzschuh Rainer 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe fragmentation of metastable and collisionally activated ions as well as different experimental techniques which can be used to record daughter, parent and neutral loss spectra are discussed in the first part of this review. Advanced MS/MS methods are represented by the Neutralization Reionisation Mass Spectrometry (NRMS) which allows the characterization of neutral species and the angular resolution of the ion beam emerging from a collision cell, lending to Angle Resolved Mass Spectrometry (ARMS).Typical applications of the tandem mass spectrometry are given by the determination of ion structures, the gas phase reactions of ions and the analysis of compounds in complex mixtures.
Lignin – Biosynthese, Struktur, Biodegradation
Authors: Härtig Ciaus , Meyer Dietrich , Fischer Klaus 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLignin is the second abundant natural material on the earth and get increasing importance as a compartment of renewable lignocelluloses. Based on a survey biosynthesis, structure, and biodegradation of lignin is under consideration. The known facts about biosynthesis and the newer results about mechanisms in biodegradation show some remarkable common features. In both cases there are enzymatic and nonenzymatic catalyzed reactions, the latter with radicalic character. In this connection several peroxidases play an important role.
Die Natur der Protein–Protein‐Wechselwirkung und ihr spektroskopischer Nachweis, dargestellt am Beispiel der Polyglycin–Insulin‐Aggregate
Authors: Mehlhorn Achim , Herzog Klaus , Noack Heike , Losse Günter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWeak intermolecular interactions between proteins may lead to mutual adaption of their secondary structures with the consequence of modified bioactivities. The basic possibilities of protein‐protein interactions are summarized in the light of their quantumchemically elucidated nature as well as their spectroscopic indications including modern mathematical tools for artficial resolution enhancement. In this way a clear differentiation between a mixture of proteins and their definite aggregates (complexes) becomes feasible. The example of insulin‐polyglycine mixtures and complexes is used to demonstrate scope and limitations of the FT‐IR spectroscopy in recognizing and interpreting protein‐protein interactions.
β-Phase Morphology in Ordered Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Nanopillars by Template Wetting Method
Authors: Palacios R , Formentin P , Martinez-Ferrero E , Pallarès J , Marsal LF 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn efficient method based in template wetting is applied for fabrication of ordered Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) nanopillars with β-phase morphology. In this process, nanoporous alumina obtained by anodization process is used as template. PFO nanostructures are prepared under ambient conditions via infiltration of the polymeric solution into the pores of the alumina with an average pore diameter of 225 nm and a pore depth of 500 nm. The geometric features of the resulting structures are characterized with environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), luminescence fluorimeter (PL) and micro μ-X-ray diffractometer (μ-XRD). The characterization demonstrates the β-phase of the PFO in the nanopillars fabricated. Furthermore, the PFO nanopillars are characterized by Raman spectroscopy to study the polymer conformation. These ordered nanostructures can be used in optoelectronic applications such as polymer light-emitting diodes, sensors and organic solar cells.
Liquid Chromatography–Light Scattering Detector–Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Digested Oxidized Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Tarvainen Marko , Suomela Jukka‐Pekka , Kuksis Arnis , Kallio Heikki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRapeseed oil was oxidized chemically and thermally to produce two distinct oxidized oils. These oils, along with unoxidized oils, were subjected to an artificial digestion model to simulate the digestive processes in humans. Lipid digestion involves lipases that break down the intact triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules first to diacylglycerols, and eventually to sn‐2‐monoacylglycerols (MAG) and free fatty acids. A high performance liquid chromatography‐evaporative light scattering detector‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometric (HPLC–ELSD–ESI–MS) method was developed to monitor the lipolysis and the presence of oxidized lipids. The HPLC–ELSD–ESI–MS analysis enabled the separation and detection of nearly all the lipid species present in the sample after TAG hydrolysis. The HPLC–MS analyses of digestion products revealed that oxidized triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed by the digestive enzymes in a manner similar to that of native, unoxidized molecules. Significant amounts of sn‐1(3)‐MAG were found in all the samples after lipolysis, however, more of these were found in unoxidized rapeseed oil samples than in the oxidized oils. Several oxidized molecules were identified with the aid of synthesized oxylipids. This novel method is scalable to small‐scale preparative fractionation of oxidized lipid molecules from a complex digestion sample. Also, the fingerprint‐like, diagnostic, MS profiles of oxidized oils, reference compounds, and digestion products may be a great aid in comprehensive analysis of lipid oxidation and lipolysis.
Selectively Functionalized Glycerol/Diacid Dendrimers via Click Chemistry of Azido Fatty Acids
Authors: Zerkowski Jonathan A. , Nuñez Alberto , Solaiman Daniel K. Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDendrimers consisting of glycerol and dicarboxylic acid units were synthesized using a convergent or “outside‐in” strategy. The multimeric arms, or dendrons, are joined to a central core in the final step using the azide/alkyne click reaction. The combination of these approaches allows the preparation of dendrimers with variable and controlled degrees of substitution at their periphery. For example, a single protected amino acid has been situated at the periphery, with all other substituents being hydrophobic. In another example, all the peripheral substituents are protected amino acids. The identity of the dendrimers is unambiguous due to the purification and characterization of all the synthetic intermediates. Functional groups have also been selectively incorporated along the arms (dicarboxylic acids) and at the cores.
Distribution of Triacylglycerols and Fatty Acids in Soybean Oil with Thermal Oxidation and Methylene Blue Photosensitization
Authors: Park Young Woo , Jeong Min Kyu , Park ChanUk , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractProfiles of triacylglycerols (TAG) and fatty acids were compared in soybean oil thermally oxidized at 180 °C for 60 min or methylene blue photosensitized for 10 h. Headspace oxygen in thermally oxidized and photosensitized soybean oil decreased significantly (p < 0.05) as oxidation time increased. Relative contents of linoleic and linolenic acids decreased and those of oleic acid increased during oxidation. In both thermal and photosensitized oxidation, TAG with lower than 44 equivalent carbon number including dilinoleoyllinolenoylglycerol (LLLn, 40), trilinolein (LLL, 42), oleoyllinoleoyllinolenoylglycerol (OLLn, 42), dilinoleoyloleoylglycerol (LLO, 44), and dilinoleoylpalmitoylglycerol (PLL, 44) significantly decreased, while those with dioleoyllinoleoylglycerol (OOL, 46) increased significantly in relative peak areas (p < 0.05). Photosensitized oxidation decreased TAG containing linoleic and linolenic acids significantly faster than thermal oxidation in soybean oil (p < 0.05), which may be due to the singlet oxygen reaction. Photosensitized soybean oils can be differentiated from thermally oxidized samples using the distributions of TAG by principal component analysis.
Continuity of the blow-up profile with respect to initial data and to the blow-up point for a semilinear heat equation
Authors: Zaag H. , Khenissy S. , Rébaï Y. 
Published: September 2010

We consider blow-up solutions for semilinear heat equations with Sobolev subcritical power nonlinearity. Given a blow-up point

\hat a

, we have from earlier literature, the asymptotic behavior in similarity variables. Our aim is to discuss the stability of that behavior, with respect to perturbations in the blow-up point and in initial data. Introducing the notion of “profile order”, we show that it is upper semicontinuous, and continuous only at points where it is a local minimum.

Résumé

Nous considérons des solutions explosives de l'équation semilinéaire de la chaleur avec une nonlinéarité sous-critique au sens de Sobolev. Etant donné un point d'explosion

\hat a

, grâce à des travaux antérieurs, on connaît le comportement asymptotique des solutions en variables auto-similaires. Notre objectif est de discuter la stabilité de ce comportement, par rapport à des perturbations du point d'explosion et de la donnée initiale. Introduisant la notion de « l'ordre du profil », nous montrons qu'il est semi-continu supérieurement, et continu uniquement aux points où il est un minimum local.
The Canadian Association of Radiologists Guidelines for the Prevention of Contrast-induced Nephropathy: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Lepanto Luigi , Tang An , Murphy-Lavallée Jessica , Billiard Jean-Sébastien 
Published: September 2010

Objective The purpose of this study is to critically appraise the Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) guidelines on the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Methods The Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) tool is a questionnaire that consists of 23 key items organized in 6 domains (scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity and presentation, applicability, editorial independence). Four radiologists read the guidelines and completed the questionnaire independently. To assess the quality of the evidence, the articles listed in the bibliography were reviewed, and the following data were collected and tabulated: the type of contrast, the administration route, and the level of evidence (Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, University of Oxford). Results The highest score was for scope and purpose (92%), whereas the lowest scores were for rigor of development (50%) and applicability (40%). The score for the remaining domains were the following: stakeholder involvement (59%), clarity and presentation (69%), and editorial independence (63%). Although the bibliography of the CAR guidelines list 46 articles, only 33 were deemed pertinent to support the recommendations related to risk stratification or risk reduction of CIN. Only 3 articles dealt specifically with intravenous injection of iodinated contrast. Four articles dealt with ionic contrast, and, in 17 references, the contrast type was not specified. The best evidence (level 1) was in support of risk-reduction recommendations, but, in 8 of the 9 articles cited, the route of administration studied was exclusively intra-arterial. Conclusion It would be appropriate to revisit the topic of CIN and formulate new guidelines. A formal systematic review of the literature should be undertaken and the data extraction should specifically address contrast type and route of administration, as well as the applicability of any recommendations.
Patulous eustachian tube in bariatric surgery patients
Authors: Muñoz Daniel , Aedo Cristian , Der Carolina 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVEPatulous eustachian tube (PET) is associated with several factors, including weight loss. Rapid and significant weight loss in bariatric surgery patients may be risk factors for developing PET. The aim of this study is to provide information about the prevalence of PET after bariatric surgery and its association to weight loss.STUDY DESIGNCase series with planned data collection. SETTING: Tertiary center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe recruited 163 patients who had undergone bariatric surgery at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile between 2006 and 2009. One hundred fortyone patients were finally analyzed by clinical interview and physical examination. Two groups were formed, with and without PET. The degree, time, and velocity of weight loss were compared between groups. Demographic information and clinical presentation are also presented.RESULTSThe mean age was 38.9 years, and 76.6 percent of the patients were female. We found PET in 21.28 percent of the patients. Autophony was present in 96.6 percent of patients diagnosed with PET. Patients without PET experienced weight loss at an average of 39.54 kg during 16.59 months, while patients with PET experienced weight loss at an average of 48.63 kg in 12.11 months. The weight loss velocity in the PET group had a mean of 5.34 ±3.4 kg/month versus 2.98 ±1.3 kg/month in patients without PET. Time (P = 0.0037), magnitude (P = 0.0002), and velocity (P = 0.0005) of weight loss was higher in patients with PET.CONCLUSIONOur case series shows a significant prevalence of PET in bariatric surgery patients, which has a correlation with weight loss velocity and magnitude.
Joint Replacement and Hip Fracture Readmission Rates: Impact of Discharge Destination
Authors: Riggs Richard V. , Roberts Pamela S. , Aronow Harriet , Younan Tamer 
Published: September 2010

ObjectiveTo determine if discharge destination after hospitalization for hip replacement or repair influences the hospital readmission rate.DesignA retrospective cohort study that included consecutive patients with a primary diagnosis of hip replacement or repair who were discharged from the acute hospital in a 3‐year period.SettingUrban academic nonprofit hospital.PatientsData for 606 orthopedic patients discharged alive from the acute hospital between January 2004 and September 2006 were abstracted from the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) Clinical DataBase/Resource Manager clinical database for the study hospital.Main Outcome MeasuresUnplanned readmission rate to the study‐site hospital within 180 days after discharge after hip replacement or repair.ResultsUnplanned readmission within 180 days occurred at a rate of 8.3% and varied significantly by discharge destination: home 5.1%, home with home health care services 10.5%, skilled nursing facility 12.3%, inpatient rehabilitation 4.2%, and other 42.9%. Variables from the surgical admission that were significantly associated with higher risk of readmission included admission severity, burden of comorbidities, any days in the intensive care unit, long length of stay, and cost. When controlling for multiple independent risk factors, discharge to inpatient rehabilitation (P = .015) remained a significant independent predictor of lower risk of readmission within 180 days.ConclusionDischarge to acute inpatient rehabilitation was associated with a lower risk of hospital readmission. Identification of patients with orthopedic procedures who may benefit from inpatient rehabilitation and further medical management before discharge from the acute hospital may be an important strategy in prevention of hospital readmission.
Does a 3‐Sip Test Detect Dysphagia in Acute Stroke Rehabilitation Patients?
Authors: Kopey Stephanie A. , Chae John , Vargo Mary M. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives(1) Evaluate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of a 3‐sip test within 24 hours of acute stroke as a screening for clinically relevant dysphagia during acute rehabilitation. (2) For those patients who pass the 3‐sip test, identify factors predictive of later detection of clinically relevant dysphagia.DesignA retrospective review.SettingAcute stroke rehabilitation unit of a tertiary academic medical center.Patients223 patients undergoing dysphagia screening after stroke.Main Outcome MeasureDevelopment of clinically relevant dysphagia.ResultsSeventeen of 223 patients (7.6%) failed the 3‐sip test. Of the 206 patients who passed the 3‐sip test, 57 (27.7%) manifested clinically relevant dysphagia. Sensitivity and specificity of the 3‐sip test were 20.8% and 98.7%, respectively. PPV and NPV were 88.2% and 72.3%, respectively. Among those who passed the 3‐sip test, logistic regression identified the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) total score as the only independent predictor (B = −0.066, P < .001) of clinically relevant dysphagia. Of those patients who passed the 3‐sip test, 54.6% with an FIM total score <60 had clinically relevant dysphagia compared with 11.9% with an FIM total score >60.ConclusionsThe sensitivity of the 3‐sip test was poor for stroke rehabilitation patients. For those who passed the 3‐sip test, a low FIM total score was predictive of development of clinically relevant dysphagia. A high degree of clinical suspicion for dysphagia should remain after passing a 3‐sip screening test, especially for those with FIM total score <60.
A Valid and Reliable Clinical Determination of Footedness
Authors: Schneiders Anthony G. , Sullivan S. John , O'Malley Kate J. , Clarke Stephanie V. , Knappstein Stuart A. , Taylor Lauren J. 
Published: September 2010

ObjectiveTo develop a valid and reliable clinical performance measure of foot dominance.DesignProspective cross‐sectional study with repeated measures.SettingLaboratory.ParticipantsA total of 175 healthy male and female subjects ages 16 to 37 years.InterventionsA total of 12 lower limb functional performance skilled and unskilled tasks.Main Outcome MeasureInternal consistency and reliability of selected measures.ResultsPrincipal components factor analysis with varimax rotation resulted in tasks being grouped into 3 components with Eigen values greater than 1, which explained 55% of the variance. An inventory of 4 skilled component tasks was found to reliably determine footedness. Internal consistency derived from Cronbach's alpha produced a value of 0.819 for the skilled tasks. Three of the 4 skilled tasks were found to have excellent reliability (>0.75) with almost perfect agreement.ConclusionsDetermining foot dominance is important in a rehabilitation setting, considering the normal laterality variation in cerebral hemisphere function, limb morphology, and motor performance parameters encountered in humans. This study developed an inventory of skilled performance tasks to reliably determine footedness. Four bilateral tasks were identified that had excellent test‐retest reliability and high internal consistency and are recommended as global determinants of footedness.
Accuracy of Ultrasound‐Guided Versus Palpation‐Guided Acromioclavicular Joint Injections: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Peck Evan , Lai Jim K. , Pawlina Wojciech , Smith Jay 
Published: September 2010

ObjectiveTo describe a technique for sonographically guided acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injections and compare its accuracy to palpation‐guided injections in a cadaveric model.DesignProspective laboratory investigation.SettingProcedural skills laboratory at a tertiary medical center.MethodsA single experienced operator completed 10 sonographically guided and 10 palpation‐guided ACJ injections in unembalmed cadavers. Injection order was randomized and all injections were completed with diluted colored latex. Co‐investigators blinded to the injection technique dissected each specimen and graded colored latex location as accurate (in the ACJ), partially accurate (within and outside the ACJ), or inaccurate (no latex in the ACJ).Main Outcome MeasurementsDirect assessment of injected dye within the ACJ via dissection.ResultsAll 10 sonographically guided ACJ injections accurately placed latex into the ACJ (100% accuracy), whereas only 4 of 10 (40%) palpation‐guided injections accurately placed latex within the ACJ (P = .0054).ConclusionsThis cadaveric investigation suggests that sonographic guidance can be used to inject the ACJ with a high degree of accuracy, and should be considered superior to palpation guidance. Clinicians should consider using sonographic guidance to inject the ACJ when diagnostic specificity is paramount or when otherwise clinically indicated.
The Use of Elevation and Dependency to Enhance the Predictive Value of Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure Measurements in the Assessment of Foot Amputation Healing
Authors: Andrews Karen L. , Boon Andrea J. , Dib Mansour , Liedl David A. , Yacyshyn Alison , Yacyshyn Vincent 
Published: September 2010

ObjectiveTo determine whether transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) measurements taken while the patient is supine, with the limb elevated, and/or with the limb dependent (below the level of the heart) can be used to predict the healing of partial‐foot amputations.DesignRetrospective, observational study.SettingA tertiary care, outpatient, multidisciplinary practice.PatientsA total of 373 patients who had supine, elevated, and dependent TcPO2 measurements and underwent partial‐foot amputation were identified by the use of a search of the Surgical Index database for procedure crossed with an electronic note retrieval database search.InterventionNone.Main Outcome MeasurementsAmputation site healing.ResultsFor patients who underwent partial‐foot amputation and healed in 3 months, the mean TcPO2 value was 40.37 torr (SD 0.09); in the delayed‐healing group, the mean TcPO2 value was 28.36 torr (SD 1.16); in the nonhealed group, the mean TcPO2 value was 22.79 torr (SD 1.14; P < .01 for each torr value). For the subgroup of patients with a TcPO2 greater than 20 torr and less than 40 torr, in whom healing is more difficult to predict, the use of maneuvers of elevation and dependency increased both the positive and negative predictive values (56% and 74%, respectively) of the test compared with the use of supine measurements in isolation.ConclusionSupine TcPO2 measurements can help predict amputation site healing in patients with ischemic wounds who require a partial‐foot amputation. For the subgroup of patients with TcPO2 values greater than 20 torr and less than 40 torr, adding TcPO2 measurements with the limb elevated and/or dependent further improves the posttest probability and predictive values of the TcPO2 measurements.