bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The global biogeography of coastal oceanographic connectivity
Authors: Legrand Térence , Fragkopoulou Eliza , González-Trujillo Juan David , Assis Jorge 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A better understanding of the extent to which coastal species passively disperse and establish connections across seascapes is instrumental for marine conservation and management, as well as biogeography and climate change research. This understanding is particularly relevant for projecting the dynamics of species' geographical ranges. However, a comprehensive perspective on the elemental structures and patterns of species connectivity along coastlines is currently lacking. To address this gap, we present a mechanistic biophysical approach designed to reveal communities in connectivity networks for a broad spectrum of taxonomic groups, including fishes, corals, molluscs, crustaceans, macroalgae, seagrasses, and mangroves on a global scale. This approach is grounded by 21 years of ocean current data and tuned by empirical information on species dispersal capacity, with kernels spanning from local to long-distance dispersal events. We delineate well-connected communities as distinct oceanographic units, explaining observed community composition derived from species range maps (approximately 4,000 species globally). We identify the location of connectivity barriers and the directional putative connectivity pathways at the global scale, revealing a global network between oceanographic units for each taxonomic group under consideration. By expanding connectivity analysis to the biogeographic scale, our findings establish baselines to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms controlling species dispersal and ongoing range shifts due to climate change. Additionally, they provide standards for the development of effective conservation and management spatial strategies for marine coastal species.
EVALUATION OF SOMACLONES REGENERATED FROM LEAVES OF `THORNLESS EVERGREEN' BLACKBERRY
Authors: Norton Margaret A. , Skirvin Robert M. 
Published: April 2024

Plants were regenerated in vitro from intact lamina of Rubus laciniatus Willd. `Thornless Evergreen' (TE), a chimeral thornless form of `Evergreen' blackberry, which carries a thornless gene only in its epidermal tissue. Leaves without petioles or axillary buds were harvested from proliferating cultures and explanted onto modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with various levels of BA, NAA and thidiazuron (TDZ). TDZ gave more consistent regeneration than BA. Up to 100% regeneration was observed with 0.2 μM TDZ plus NAA (0.25 or 1.0 μM) or 0.1 μM TDZ plus 1.0 μM NAA.Regenerants from chimeral TE and a pure thornless somaclone (IL 6-6), were classified according to stem and petiole morphology and presence or absence of prickles. Most (74%) of the regenerants from chimeral TE showed marked stem and petiole twisting compared to 4% of the regenerants from IL 6-6. The plants with straightest petioles tended to have the most prickles. These regenerants have been field planted. Additional observations of these regenerants will be discussed.
INFORMATION SEARCH PATTERNS OF PERENNIAL PLANT CONSUMERS
Authors: Rhodus W. Timothy , Widhalm Laura 
Published: April 2024

A declining number of knowledgeable sales staff in the garden center has increased the importance of signs and tags. Information that is provided by these mechanisms may influence purchasing decisions. Since performance of a plant product in a consumer's yard affects their satisfaction level, it is necessary to effectively assist their information collection and decision process.Horticultural consumer behavior studies regarding information search patterns have not been done before. An experiment using an information display board technique was used. Consumers were first evaluated on numerous consumer attributes. Then they were presented with 6 perennial plants and asked if this is a plant they would purchase for their own yard. The option to collect information about the plant was provided. Finally, consumer response to 11 plant attribute factors was determined. The degree, direction, and sequence of the consumer's information search was recorded and an overall pattern was discovered.
CYTOCHROME AND ALTERNATE RESPIRATORY PATHWAY CAPACITIES OF PEACH EMBRYOS
Authors: Moreno Yerko M. , Azarenko Anita Nina 
Published: April 2024

`Lovell' peach seeds were stratified for 0 to 12 weeks at 4°C under moist conditions. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the respiratory capacity for the cytochrome (CP) and alternative (AP) pathway of the embryos during this period. Azide and SHAM titration curves were obtained by measuring the heat of metabolism produced by the excised embryos after vacuum infiltration with appropriate combinations of the two inhibitors.Uninhibited total respiratory activity increased steadily with the stratification treatment. AP capacity of the embryos was higher than CP capacity for the first 4 weeks of stratification. Between 4 and 6 weeks, CP capacity increased markedly and after 6 weeks was at least 40% higher than AP capacity. This rise on CP capacity coincided with the point at which an increase in seedling vigor and germinative capacity was observed and is in agreement with previous studies suggesting a change in respiratory efficiency as being responsible for the increase in seedling vigor.
TRAINING AND ROOTSTOCK STUDIES WITH PEAR CULTIVARS ON QUINCE SIZE-CONTROLLING CLONES.
Authors: Tehrani G. , Lay W. 
Published: April 2024

In 1987, a study consisting of 3 training systems (TS) [Supported modified leader (S), Free Palmette (P) and Mini-Tatura (MT)] with Anjou (A), Bartlett (B) and Flemish Beauty (FB) on Quince A & C and Provonce C134, in a high and ultradensity planting, was initiated on a fine sandy loam soil. Blossoms were counted and removed during 1988 to 1990 seasons. Palmette TS increased bloom efficiency (BE) but did not affect the number of florets/cluster. Quince C produced higher BE than either QA or C134. Bartlett had the highest BE followed by A & FB. Anjou exhibited more florets/cluster than either B or FB. Rootstock or TS did not influence this variable.Irrespective of rootstock and training, the largest trees were FB followed by A & B. Quince C produced trees smaller than QA & C134. Mini-Tatura reduced tree size significantly compared to S & P. The cumulative yield for 1991 & 92 (5th and 6th leaves) was 85 tonnes/ha for MT compared to 35 & 37 for S and P respectively. Quince clones had no effect on yield, but A was significantly less productive than B or FB. Cultivar, rootstock or training did not affect mean fruit weight during 1992. Bartlett had higher number of pears/tree compared to A & FB. Palmette training system produced more pears per tree in comparison to S and MT.
ADVANCES IN CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS
Authors: Ferguson James J. 
Published: April 2024

Citrus rootstock improvement has relied historically on clonal selections chosen from traditional field trials and from cold-hardy scion improvement programs. Although the impact of traditional plant breeding programs on citrus rootstock improvement has been limited because of biological impediments and lack of understanding of citrus genetics, newly developed techniques on the cellular and molecular level have provided new opportunities for progress.Although trends in citrus rootstocks can be monitored through Budwood Registration data, official statistics are generally not available on rootstocks in bearing groves. Traditional screening programs include initial testing for resistance to fungal and viral diseases, nematode susceptibility, and nursery performance followed by evaluation as a budded tree. Rootstock trials underway include hybrids of `Ruby' orange/trifoliate orange, sweet orange/trifoliate orange, pummelo/trifoliate orange, and `Changsha' mandarin/trifoliate orange.
CUTICULAR MEMBRANE FORMATION AND OCCURRENCE OF BUNCH ROT (BOTRYTIS CINEMA PERS.:FR.) WITH 3 VITIS VINIFERA L. CULTIVARS.
Authors: Percival David C. , Fisher K. Helen , Sullivan J. Alan 
Published: April 2024

Leaf removal treatments were applied to Riesling during 1990 and 1991, and to Cabernet Franc and Optima in 1991. Clusters were sampled to examine the effect of berry exposure, berry contact, time of sampling, and cultivar on cuticular membrane formation and the occurrence of bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.). Non-contact and contact cuticle proper and epicuticular wax berry samples were examined qualitatively using cryogenic scanning electron microscopy and quantitatively using enzymatic separation and chloroform extraction.Exposed Riesling samples had 18.6% and 35.0% more epicuticular wax and cuticle proper respectively than shaded samples. Non-contact Riesling samples had 15.7% and 35% more epicuticular wax and cuticle proper than contact samples, and although significant, epicuticular wax and cuticle proper weights of Riesling increased by only 5.7% and 4.5% respectively, between veraison and harvest. Although exposed cuticular membrane samples from all 3 cultivars had more epicuticular wax and cuticle proper than shaded samples, large differences between cultivars were present. Clusters from the hand leaf removal (i.e. exposed) treatment of all 3 cultivars examined had significantly less bunch rot than clusters from the control (i.e. shaded). Cabernet Franc was the most tolerant end Optima the most susceptible of the 3 cultivars to bunch rot. Time of sampling and differences between years also influenced the occurrence of bunch rot for Riesling with less rot present at veraison compared to harvest and less rot present at the 1990 compared to the 1991 harvest. Exposure, cultivar and level of contact within the cluster are all important factors in the cuticular membrane formation process and contribute greatly to the overall susceptibility of a grape cultivar to bunch rot when grown in a temperate climate.
MANAGING HIGH VIGOR IN BEARING ORCHARDS: CONTROLLING GROWTH WITH ETHEPHON
Authors: Byers Ross E. 
Published: April 2024

Ethephon application at rates of 1000 ppm to 1500 ppm substantially inhibited tree growth but also caused fruit abscission. Application of gibberellin plus ethephon did not prevent fruit abscission. Low weekly doses of ethephon did not cause fruit abscission but gave good control of tree growth. Ethephon increased soluble solids and substantially reduced starch in the year of application. Flowering and fruit set were greatly increased by ethephon sprays the previous season. Fruit diameter or length:diameter ratios (L/D ratio) were not altered by the previous seasons' low weekly doses of ethephon.Complete or partial loss of fruit in high density apple plantings can result in excessive shoot growth that is normally controlled by cropping. Spot spraying with ethephon in the top part of `Redchief Delicious'/MM. 26 trees for tree training purposes increased the number of shoots over 10 cm in the lower part of the tree, but also caused fruit abscission in the unsprayed parts of the tree. Summer training of high density plantings of fireblight susceptible varieties with spot sprays of ethephon would reduce the need for cutting or pinching branches during the tree growth period.
OSCILLATORY TRANSPIRATION IN ROSA HYBRIDA `MOONLIGHT'
Authors: Rose Mark A. , Beattie David J. , White John W. 
Published: April 2024

Two distinct patterns of whole-plant transpiration were observed in potted roses using an acquisition network that integrated a Dansk Gartneri Teknik climate computer, Dynamax heat-balance sap-flow gauges, Fisher electronic-balance lysimeters, and Everest infrared leaf temperature sensors. One pattern consisted of a steady rate of transpiration in a stable greenhouse environment. The second pattern consisted of large oscillations in transpiration that were unrelated to any known microclimate rhythms. These oscillations had a sine-wave pattern with periods between 60-90 minutes and ranges between 3 and 37 g·hr-1 in natural light and 2 and 69 g·hr-1 in artificial light during the night. Leaf temperatures also oscillated, but were inversely related to the transpiration cycles. Oscillatory transpiration has not been reported in roses.Oscillatory transpiration is an example of the phenomena that may now be investigated by integrating climate computers and sensors that monitor plant physiological processes. When plant responses to microclimate variables can be predicted and monitored in real time, the `speaking plant approach' can be used, in which plants directly control their greenhouse environment.
MULCH TYPE EFFECTS IN ANNUAL HILL STRAWBERRY PLASTICULTURE SYSTEMS
Authors: Himelrick David G. , Dozier W.A. 
Published: April 2024

Fresh dug `Chandler' and `Selva' strawberry plants were fall planted in 1990, 1991, and 1992 on fumigated, trickle irrigated, raised beds covered with either six or eight different plastic mulches plus a bare ground (BG) treatment. Plastic mulch treatments included clear (CLR), black (BLK), laminated white on black (W/B), laminated black on white (B/W), IRT-76 (IRT), AL-OR brown (ALOR), silver (SIL), and red (RED).The highest yields for `Chandler' in 1990 were obtained on IRT followed by CLR, ALOR, B/W, BLK, W/B, and BG. The highest yields for `Selva' were on CLR followed by BLK, ALOR, IRT, B/W, W/B, and BG. The highest yields for `Chandler' in 1991 were on W/B followed by BLK, ALOR, IRT, B/W, CLR, and BG. In the case of `Selva' ALOR was the top performing treatment followed by IRT, W/B, BLK, B/W, BG, and CLR. The first two years of data were inconclusive. Data from 1992 planting will be included to clarify yield, earliness, and season length effects.
WATERMELON SEEDLING GROWTH AND ROOT CALCIUM ABSORPTION AS INFLUENCED BY THE FUNGICIDES CAPTAN AND THIRAM
Authors: Liu Aimin , Latimer Joyce G. , Wilkinson Robert E. 
Published: April 2024

Unilateral application of Ca2+ and Al3+ induced curvature in roots of `Starbrite' watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum and Nakai] seedlings from both untreated and commercially pretreated seeds. In untreated seeds, PCMBS inhibited root curvature by decreasing Ca2+ and Al3+ uptake. In pretreated seeds, PCMBS only inhibited Ca2+-induced root curvature. Captan and thiram inhibited Ca2+- or Al3+-induced root curvature. Captan showed the greatest inhibition of Ca2+ uptake at 100 mg/liter, whereas thiram was most effective at 0.01 mg/liter. The effects of captan and thiram were statistically additive. Thiram appeared to show a similar mode of action to PCMBS in affecting Ca2+ uptake. DDT reversed the inhibitory effect of thiram, but not that of captan.Acid soil (pH 4.6) reduced number of leaves, leaf, stem, shoot and whole plant dry weight, and stem length. Pretreated seeds produced greater root dry weight and root:shoot ratio in acid soil than did untreated seeds. Fungicides may have reduced Al3+ toxicity by inhibiting Al3+ uptake in acid soil.
EFFECT OF HIGH-CO2, ATMOSPHERE ON PHENOLIC METABOLISM IN ROMAIN LETTUCE
Authors: Hamza Fatoumata , Lambert Hélène , Castaigne Francois , Makhlouf Joseph 
Published: April 2024

The study aimed at establishing the role of phenolic metabolism in the development of “brown stain” (BS) of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) stored under high CO2. The lettuce were stored for 7 days at 4°C under a continuous stream of air or CO2 (15%) in air, then transferred to air at 20°C for two days. Results indicate that the development of BS under CO2 at low temperature was not related to activation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). After aeration of the produce the increase in BS symptoms coincided with the increase in phenol content of the tissue.The data suggest that stimulation of phenol synthesis involved regulation of enzymes other than PAL, later in the phenyl propanoid pathway.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF TREE CROP ORCHARD DESIGN: INTERTREE SHADING DURING CRITICAL SEASONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL WINDOWS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON OPTIMAL SPACING
Authors: Burcaw Jeffrey W. , Wood Bruce W. , Poole Michael W. , Burnette Mark T. 
Published: April 2024

The authors have developed a computer model designed for shade-intolerant tree crops which describes the amount of intertree shading in an orchard. These data are used to formulate an optimal orchard design based on shading reduction in orchards for any tree crop during any developmental window at any global location.Tree shape is modelled as an ellipsoid bisected about the semi-minor axis, with ellipsoid dimensions and eccentricity altered to reflect growth stages of the trees. Intertree shading is measured as the surface area of the projected shadow on the ellipsoid. Variables include crop, light extinction, ellipsoid dimensions, intertree spacing, orchard geometry, time and day of the year, and geographical coordinates. Simulations compared the sunlight-related attributes of a variety of orchard geometries for different growth phases of the trees during different parts of the year for several global locations. Results indicate extensive variability of intertree shading to be a function of latitude, regardless of other variables.
VARIETAL DIFFERENCES OF POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE IN MELON
Authors: SUGIYAMA Keita , KANNO Tsuguo 
Published: April 2024

Varietal tests of powdery mildew resistance in melon were performed in glass house in 1992, by using of susceptible varieties(S), resistant varieties in Japan(R1) and an American resistant line and its related lines(R2).The first test(August): S type was infected the most severely with powdery mildew on both cotyledon and true leaves, followed by R1 type. On the other hand, R2 type showed slight or no symptom on those.The second test(September): R1 type was infected with powdery mildew on cotyledon. Most of S type and R2 type showed slight or no symptom on it. In true leaves, S type and R1 type was infected severely with powdery mildew derived from melon, but most of R2 type showed resistance to it. When powdery mildew derived from watermelon inoculated on a true leaf, the varietal differences of resistance showed similar ones as it done from melon.These results suggest that the new line of powdery mildew may appear in Japan.
Research Progress and Prospect of Nitrogen-containing Heterocycle in
Anti-gastric Cancer Drugs: A Review
Authors: Li Yang , Jiang Lizhi , Qu Junfeng , Peng Xiaoyu , Wu Kaiyue , Chen Miaojia , Peng Yuanyuan , Cao Xuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Gastric cancer was the fifth most common cancer, and its drug treatment mainly included chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. With the rise of immunotherapy in gastric cancer, small-molecule anti-gastric cancer drugs still have irreplaceable places because of many advantages, such as high stability and mass-productivity, high
efficiency, and low cost. At present, the small-molecule anti-gastric cancer drugs in the
clinic are constrained by their side effects. So, developing more novel anti-gastric cancer
drugs with better efficacy and fewer side effects is urgently needed. Nitrogen-containing
heterocycle molecules have attracted much attention from researchers due to their high biocompatibility, activity, and bioavailability, and they even could act with a unique mechanism. This review summarized various types of nitrogen-containing heterocycle antigastric cancer lead compounds from 2017 to 2022 in the last five years. Compared with
monocyclic nitrogen-containing heterocycle and bicyclic nitrogen-containing heterocycle,
the thick nitrogen-containing heterocycle applied as the skeleton not only showed high efficiency and low toxicity but also, interestingly, may have had some unique mechanism
such as inhibition of aurora A and B kinases, etc. We propose two prospective and valuable strategies to develop more efficient candidates for anti-gastric cancer. One strategy
was further optimized for some lead compounds mentioned in this review. The other strategy involved utilizing the "pseudo-natural products" concept proposed by Professor Wilhelm Waldmann, combining different nitrogen-containing heterocycle fragments in two
and three-dimensional spaces to obtain new thick nitrogen-containing heterocycle skeletons. The strategy will contribute to the expansion of the thick nitrogenous heterocycle’s
framework, and it was expected that more novel mechanisms and more effective antigastric drugs could be found. These two strategies are expected to help researchers develop more anti-gastric cancer drugs with better potency and lower side effects.
Anlotinib Inhibiting Mantle Cell Lymphoma Proliferation and
Inducing Apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Wang Jiaping , Xu Zhijuan , Lai Yanli , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Ping , Mu Qitian , Yang Shujun , Sheng Lixia , Ouyang Guifang 
Published: April 2024

Background:
This study investigates the inhibitory mechanism of anlotinib
on human Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) cells through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Methods:
In vitro cellular experiments validate the effects of anlotinib on MCL cell
proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, a subcutaneous xenograft nude mice model of
Mino MCL cells was established to assess the anti-tumour effect and tumour
microenvironment regulation of anlotinib in vivo.

Results:
The results indicate that MCL cell proliferation was significantly inhibited
upon anlotinib exposure. The alterations in the expression of apoptosis-related
proteins further confirm that anlotinib can induce apoptosis in MCL cells. Additionally,
anlotinib significantly reduced the PI3K/Akt/mTOR phosphorylation level in MCL cells.
The administration of a PI3K phosphorylation agonist, 740YP, could reverse the
inhibitory effect of anlotinib on MCL. In the xenograft mouse model using Mino MCL
cells, anlotinib treatment led to a gradual reduction in body weight and a significant
increase in survival time compared to the control group. Additionally, anlotinib
attenuated PD-1 expression and elevated inflammatory factors, CD4, and CD8 levels
in tumour tissues.

Conclusion:
Anlotinib effectively inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in MCL
both in vitro and in vivo. This inhibition is likely linked to suppressing phosphorylation
in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Influence of Cell Temperature on Theoretical Properties of InGaP/
InGaAs/Ge Triple-Junction Concentrated Solar Cells
Authors: Song Zhiqiang , Wang Zilong , Zhang Hua , Wu Weidong , Dou Binlin , Tian Ziao , Hu Changqing , Jin Qian 
Published: April 2024

Aims:
This study aims to analyze the accuracy of single- and double-diode models in predicting the electrical parameters of InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells as described in relevant patents under various operating conditions.

Methods:
This study obtained and analyzed experimental and theoretical values of the relevant electrical parameters of solar cells through a combination of experimental research and theoretical model
calculations.

Results:
The results indicated that the root mean square error of the short-circuit current decreased
from 0.21 at 400 W/m² to 0.11 at 1000 W/m². The temperature of the two precision cut-off points for
the open-circuit voltage in the single- and double-diode models increased from 34°C and 64°C at
400 W/m² to 39°C and 72°C at 1000 W/m². Additionally, for peak power and conversion efficiency,
the precision cut-off temperatures of the single- and double-diode models were 56°C, 68°C, and
77°C at 400 W/m², 600 W/m², and 800 W/m², respectively.

Conclusion:
The theoretical values of the short-circuit current exceeded the corresponding experimental values. The single- and double-diode models for open-circuit voltage exhibited two accuracy
cut-off points, with the single-diode model demonstrating greater accuracy within this temperature
range. Similarly, the peak power and conversion efficiency models for single- and double-diodes
have an accuracy cut-off point, with the double-diode model performing better at higher temperatures.