bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of hydrocarbons by microorganisms. Biochemical activities of alkanes‐grown Candida lipolytica
Authors: Jwanny E. W. , Chenouda M. S. , Osman H. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe specific rate of growth and the generation time of four different strains of Candida were investigated. C. lipolytica IFP 29 has the highest growth rate and biomass. Three distinct phases of growth were observed. The data obtained in this report showed that the enzymatic systems of C. lipolytica IFP oxidizing glucose are constitutive but those oxidizing alkanes are adaptive.The carbon nitrogen balance on B.P. (British Petroleum) cut was obtained. The low‐rate of CCO2/CCell was attributed to the excretion of keto acids and organic acids into the fermentation liquor. α‐Ketoglutaric and pyruvic acids with organic acids were detected in the fermentation broth. The amounts of keto acids and organic acids were coincided with the growth phases.
Einfluß der Sporulation und der Kulturbedingungen auf die Kernteilungssynchronie keimender Konidien von Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Künkel W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFür die Synchronisation geeignete Konidien von Aspergillus nidulans müssen in großer Menge und möglichst einheitlich zur Verfügung stehen. Es wurde daher der Einfluß von Malzwasser und Aminosäuren (Cystin, DL‐Phenylalanin, DL‐Lysinchlorid, Hydroxyprolin, L‐Asparaginsäure, Serin, L‐Arginin, Valin, L‐Glutaminsäure, Glykokoll) auf die Sporulation untersucht. Kultivierung auf synthetischem Substrat mit 0,2%' Glykokoll führte zum höchsten Konidienertrag. Von Spatelkulturen geerntete Konidien zeichnen sich durch eine geringe Streuung ihrer Größe aus. Die Konidien zeigen eine relativ synchrone Schwellphase, an welche sich die Kernteilung mit einer erhöhten Synchronie anschließt.Während der Konidienschwellung läuft ein Zellzyklus mit charakteristischen GI‐, S‐und G2‐Perioden ab. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Beobachtung von ROSENBERGER u.KESSEL (1967), daß bei verringerter Wachstumsrate die G2‐Periode verlängert wird.
Morphology and growth pattern of a rod‐negative env B mutant of Escherichia coli K12
Authors: Bloom G. D. , Gumpert J. , Normark S. , Schuhmann E. , Taubeneck U. , Westling B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn env B mutant (strain D23) of Escherichia coli K12 showing a distorted cell form was studied. The cells in a logarithmically growing D23 population are extremely heterogeneous with respect to size and shape. Different types of cells were studied in the electron microscope and the growth pattern was followed under the phase contrast microscope. The following observations were made: 1. All cells increase their mass by longitudinal growth. Inhibition of cell division results in filament or snake formation; the diameter of such cells is dependent on that of the original cell. 2. To a certain degree the size and shape of daughter cells is phenotypically determined by the parental cell. 3. Division of rod‐shaped cells of D23 is symmetric, whereas ovoid or coccoid cells show an asymmetric constriction. 4. After division of irregularly shaped cells, elongation of the daughter cells does not necessarily proceed perpendicular to the preceding division plane. The dependence of cell shape on growth direction and division pattern is emphasized.
Einwirkung von Enzymgiften auf Phagocytosevermögen, Cilienbewegung und Stoffwechsel von Tetrahymena pyriformis
Authors: Burmeister J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs wurde der Einfluß von Desoxyglucose, Jodacetat, Natriumfluorid, Malonsäure, EDTA, KCN, Natriumazid, α‐Dinitrophenol, Anaerobiose und Protaminsulfat auf das Phagocytosevermögen, die Beweglichkeit und den Stoffwechsel von Tetrahymena pyriformis untersucht. Das Phagocytosevermögen für Tusche erwies sich als streng aerober, stoffwechselabhängiger Vorgang, ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Cilienbewegung und der Phagocytose ergab sich nicht. Trotz Steigerung der Sauerstoffaufnahme durch KCN, Na‐Azid und Dinitrophenol wirkten diese Substanzen auf das Phagocytosevermögen und die Beweglichkeit hemmend. Von den hier untersuchten Lebensäußerungen von Tetrahymena war das Phagocytosevermögen gegenüber den Stoffwechselgiften am empfindlichsten, es war häufig schon bei sehr niedrigen Inhibitorkonzentrationen völlig erloschen, wenn die Atmung und die Beweglichkeit der Einzeller noch keinerlei Beeinträchtigung zeigten. Bei einem Vergleich mit anderen phagocytierenden Zellen, den polymorphkernigen Leukocyten der Säugetiere (PML), kommt vor allem der aerobe oxydative Stoffwechsel von Tetrahymena im Gegensatz zum glykolytischen der PML zum Ausdruck.
Abhängigkeit der Hitzeresistenz von Bacillus stearothermophilus‐Sporen von ihrem Dipicolinsäure‐ und Calciumgehalt
Authors: Musielski H. , Borges R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMit Hilfe unterschiedlicher Hefeextraktkonzentrationen im Sporulationsmedium wurden in Bacillus stearothermophilus‐Sporen unterschiedliche Dipicolinsäuregehalte synthetisiert. Nach Bestimmung des Calcium/Dipicolinsäure‐Molverhältnisses wurden die Hitzeresistenzdaten bei 121°C für endotroph beeinflußte Sporen ermittelt. Mit Erhöhung des Dipicolinsäuregehaltes und Herabsetzung des Calcium/Dipicolinsäure‐Molverhältnisses in den Sporen erhöhte sich die Hitzeresistenz.
Cytotoxische und mitosehemmende Wirkung des Anthracyclin‐Antibioticums Violamycin
Authors: Seeber Christine , Fleck W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe cytotoxic and antibiotic activity of the red‐pigment antibiotic violamycin of the anthracycline group was studied in vitro in comparison with daunomycin, a known member of anthracycline antibiotics. Violamycin is a mixture of the complexes violamycin A and violamycin B. The cytotoxic minimal concentration of violamycin in primary cell strains (struma cells) amounts to 0.5 mcg/ml, but in permanent cell lines (HeLa‐, PN‐, Fl‐ell lines) from 0.5 to 1.0 mgc/ml. Daunomycin shows the same cytotoxic minimal concentration as violamycin, the antimitotic action of violamycin is lower than the action of daunomycin.In spite of the same minimal cytotoxic concentration of both drugs the mitotic index of HeLa‐ells treated with daunomycin (0.5 mcg/ml) for a period of 12 to 72 hours is less than 70 to 80% opposite that caused by violamycin (0.5 and 1 mcg/ml). In violamycin‐treated HeLa‐ells the mitotic index increases from 35 to 70% after the exposure of the drug at the concentration of 0.5 mcg/ml for a period of 36 to 72 hours without changing the medium. This effect cannot be shown with daunomycin‐treated cells.Nevertheless, violamycin can be regarded as a mitotic agent which considerably decreases the number of mitoses. The quantitative inhibition of cell division depends on the concentration, the time of exposure, the way of application, and the kind of the antibiotic. By all means, the inhibition of mitosis due to the effect of violamycin or daunomycin is pointed out to be reversible. If the drugs are removed and the cells brought back into plain medium a significant increase of the mitotic index can be observed after an incubation of 12 hours.At concentrations of 0.5 mcg/ml and more violamycin causes serious cytological changes and leads to irregular rearrangements of chromosomes, dark caps, and clumped chromatin. The results are discussed in comparison to the effect of daunomycin.
Gefrierätzung an den Hefen Saccharomyces, Torulopsis und Rhodotorula
Authors: Casperson G. , Purz H.‐J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSaccharomyces fragilis (ascomycetous yeast), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (basidiomycetous yeast), Torulopsis candida (asporogenous yeast) show distinct differences in the ultrastructure of the cell wall and the plasmalemma, but do not differ in the ultrastructure of the cell organelles. It is referred to the possibility of artefacts occurring by phase separations and translocations during freezing process as well as by molecule deformations during the freeze fracture.
Korrelationen zwischen Wachstum und Aufnahme des ausgeschiedenen Riboflavins bei Candida guilliermondii
Authors: Liesegang A. , Straube G. , Fritsche W. , Reinbothe H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn iron‐deficient media the yeast Candida guilliermondii shows overproduction of riboflavin which is excreted into the medium. The excreted riboflavin is taken up again by a part of the cells for a limited culture period. This accumulation of riboflavin is correlated with a diauxic growth. It is influenced by addition of riboflavin and iron. Exogenous riboflavin promotes the growth. In media with extreme iron‐deficiency the accumulation as well as the diauxic growth were not observed.The accumulating cells are specific heavier than non‐accumulating, and it is easy to separate these cells. The characterization of the two types of cells has shown that the accumulating cells are physiologically more active than the non‐accumulating cells.
The cell cycle in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Changes in activity of magnesium dependent ATP'ase and in total internal magnesium in relation to cell division
Authors: Duffus J. H. , Paterson Linda J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe central role of ATP in energy requiring processes in the cell is well established. How these processes are integrated into the overall scheme of cell growth and division is an important question in cell physiology. One way to investigate this is to study how the enzyme systems involved in ATP metabolism relate to the cell cycle. An important system in this context is the Mg2+‐dependent ATP'ase. This paper describes the way in which this system varies in activity through the cell cycle, and especially near the time of cell division, in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. An attempt is made to correlate these changes in activity with changes in total internal magnesium content of the cells.
Schnelle fluorometrische desoxyribosespezifische DNS‐Bestimmung an nicht desintegrierten Mikroorganismen mit 3,5‐Diaminobenzoesäure (DABA). I. Chemisch‐analytische Methodik und Anwendung auf Hefepopulationen
Authors: Hesse G. , Lindner R. , Krebs D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe determination of DNA with 3,5‐diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) following a DOEBNER‐MILLER‐quinaldine synthesis (PEREZ 1950), the reaction of which is specific for deoxyribose, is rarely known and used.Hydrolysis of DNA and condensation of liberated deoxyribose with DABA (prepared via ethyl‐3,5‐dinitrobenzoate) can be performed in an one‐step‐reaction resulting in a stable and sensitive fluorescence with favourable excitation and emission conditions. In dependence on the fluoro‐metric equipment amounts of 10−8 to 10−9 M “DNA‐phosphorus” are detectable.Comparable fluorescence yields are produced by DNA‐preparations of different origin and G‐C‐content.Interferences are caused by aldehydes of the type R‐CH2‐CHO, but not by RNA in manifold excess or other ubiquitous substances.Microorganisms can easily be subjected to that procedure. Thus, investigations on growing yeast populations (exhibiting artificial changes from repressed to derepressed oxidative metabolism) clearly demonstrated the anticipated correlations among specific growth rate, cell number, dry mass, protein and DNA‐content. Similar correlations exist among degree of ploidy and DNA‐content of the cell.It was found that the quotient of DNA‐content/cell to dry mass/cell is constant for isogenic homozygous strains.
Der Kurzschlußweg — einziger Weg zur de novo‐Biosynthese von Nikotinsäure bei Hansenula henricii
Authors: Bode R. , Böttcher F. , Birnbaum D. , Samsonova I. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractZwei bei H. henricii erhaltene nikotinsäurebedürftige Mutanten wurden phänotypisch charakterisiert. In der Mutante Hg 112 ist die 3‐Hydroxylierung der Anthranilsäure, in Hg 197 die Synthese von Nikotinsäure aus 3‐Hydroxyanthranilsäure genetisch blockiert. Die de novo‐Bio‐synthese von Nikotinsäure erfolgt demzufolge bei dieser Hefe nur über den bei Rhodotorula glutinis gefundenen Kurzschlußweg. Der vom Tryptophan ausgehende “Pilzweg” der Nikotin‐säuresynthese ist nicht existent.
Biosynthesis of [7‐3H]16α‐hydroxy‐dehydroepiandrosterone having high specific activity
Authors: Iida M. , Matsuhashi K. , Nakayama T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBiosynthesis of [7‐3H]16α‐hydroxy‐dehydroepiandrosterone in high specific activity has been studied. [7‐3H] dehydroepiandrosterone (13.9 C/mM) in trace quantity was oxidized by Streptomyces roseochromogenes (NRRLB‐1233) for 5 min at 27 °C. The radioactive products were chromatographically separated, identified and their radiochemical purity established by isotopic dilution analysis. [7‐3H]16α‐hydroxy‐dehydroepiandrosterone (2.5 × 107 dpm) was obtained by microbial hydroxylation of substrate (1.9 × 109 dpm). In some cases [7‐3H]5‐androstene‐3β, 16α, 17β‐triol in a small amount of radioactivity could be found at the prolonged reaction for 30 hr.
A mild method for the isolation of folded chromosomes from Escherichia coli
Authors: Dworsky P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUntil now it has not been possible to obtain nuclear bodies from Escherichia coli after treatment with rifampicin. It was generally assumed that the cross‐connections between the DNA double strands which are sensitive towards ribonuclease are destroyed under the influence of inhibitors of RNA synthesis like rifampicin. In this paper a new lysis procedure is described for preparing nuclear bodies from E. coli. These particles differ in some respects, especially in salt sensitivity from those prepared by earlier methods. Using the new lysis method it is also possible to obtain folded chromosomes from cells after treatment with rifampicin. These nuclear bodies can be destroyed by ribonuclease. Therefore, it has to be postulated that a fraction of RNA being sufficient to hold the chromosome in the folded shape is not susceptible to the action of rifampicin.
Vitamin B12‐abhängige Methioninbiosynthese bei Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wehnert M. , Günther E. , Herrmann H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAmong methionineless mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO lacking the ability of methylating homocysteine we found two different types: One of them responding to methionine only, the other one to methionine or vitamin B12 alternatively. That means that P. aeruginosa PAO as well as other B12‐producing bacteria (with one exception: Aerobacter aerogenes) use only the B12 pathway (metH) for methionine synthesis.The effect of some cys‐auxotrophs equally growing on vitamin B12 as described by CALHOUN and FEARY (1969) was confirmed for P. aeruginosa PAO by our mutants. In a P. aeruginosa strain of other origin, PAE, neither met‐ nor cys‐mutants responding to B12 have been found, although strain PAE as well as strain PAO excessively synthesize B12.
Lipid components of the hydrocarbon assimilating yeast Candida lipolytica (strain 10)
Authors: Jwanny Etidal W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe utilization of n‐hexadecane by Candida lipolytica (strain 10) was studied with respect to the lipid content, phospholipid and fatty acid profiles resulting at various growth times. Thin layer chromatography of the lipid extracts showed quantitative changes in the different lipid classes. The phospholipid fraction obtained at each growth time was separated into 8 classes: lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycophospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidic acid. Differences in the percentage fatty acid composition of the lipid extracts were observed at various stages of growth. The cellular fatty acids included palmitic, palmitoleic (35–52%), stearic, oleic, linoleic (26–39%), and pentadecanoic (2–12%) as major components. This indicates that fatty acid(s) of the same length as that of the substrate was the most abundant component, thus showing intact incorporation mechanism. Fatty acids having longer chain lengths were also formed in substantial amounts indicating C2 addition and β‐oxidation of the fatty acids formed in the yeast.
Sensitization of algal virus to UV by the incorporation of 5‐bromouracil and mutations of host alga Plectonema boryanum
Authors: Singh P. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUltraviolet light (UV) sensitivity and photoreactivation of algal virus (cyanophage) LPP‐1 were studied after multiplication in host alga Plectonema boryanum in presence of 5‐bromouracil (5‐BU) alone and in conjunction with sulfanilamide. Virus particles containing 5‐BU were more sensitive towards UV and also showed low photoreactivation. There was less incorporation of 5‐BU in virus without pretreatment of host alga with sulfanilamide, an inhibitor of thymine synthesis. 5‐BU‐induced short trichome mutants of Plectonema boryanum were isolated. These mutants grew slowly in liquid medium as well as on agar plates and differed in other morphological characters. Reversion of short trichome mutants was observed with a frequency of about 10−3, but revertants were different from parent alga. The short trichome mutants were sensitive to virus LPP‐1 and resistant towards UV.
Veränderung der Polysaccharid‐Biosynthese bei Candida guilliermondii durch Diphenylamin
Authors: Phai L. D. , Reuter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDiphenylamine (DPA) inhibits the formation of glucan in Candida guilliermondii while stimulating that of mannan. The total polysaccharide of cells decreases when growing in the presence of DPA. These effects are dependent on the concentration of DPA. Compared with 14 structure‐like substances, DPA was found to have the strongest activity.
Wechselwirkungen zwischen Aminoacyl‐tRNS Synthetasen (AAS) und Zellteilung bei einer temperatursensitiven filamentösen Mutante von Bacillus subtilis SB 19. II. Ein Aktivator der AAS
Authors: Süss J. , Mach Hiltraut , Mach F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie temperatursensitive filamentöse Mutante ts 33‐6 von B. subtilis SB 19 zeichnet sich durch unterschiedliches Teilungsvermögen bei restriktiver und permissiver Temperatur aus (30 °C Kurzstäbchen, 46 °C Filamente), das von charakteristischen Aktivitätswechseln der Aminoacyl‐tRNS Synthetasen (AAS) begleitet ist.In Rohextrakten aus Kurzstäbchen erfolgt bei Präinkubation vor Start der ATP‐32(PP)i‐Austauschreaktion zum Nachweis der AAS eine Steigerung ihrer Aktivität in Abhängigkeit von der Präinkubationsdauer.Der Nachweis dieses aktivitätssteigernden Effektes war in konventionell vorgereinigten und anschließend an Sephadex G‐200 gelfiltrierten Enzympräparaten nicht mehr möglich. An Sephadex G‐50 gelang die Abtrennung eines niedermolekularen Prinzips, das diese aktivitätssteigernde Wirkung hervorruft und Synthetasen‐aktivierendes Prinzip genannt wird (SAP).Unabhängig davon wurde ein Zellteilungs‐induzierendes Prinzip (TIP) aus B. subtilis SB 19 isoliert, das unter restriktiven Bedingungen in Filamenten der Mutante ts 33‐6 Zellteilung ermöglicht.Die Untersuchung der Eigenschaften des SAP ergab Anhaltspunkte, daß dieser Faktor einen ähnlichen Wirkungsmechanismus wie das TIP entwickelt: SAP und TIP sind in der Lage, einzelne AAS zu aktivieren, 9 spezifische AAS wurden untersucht. Beide Faktoren besitzen ein identisches Molekulargewicht von 5500–6000 Dalton. SAP und TIP verlieren bei 70 °C ihre Aktivität.Die nachweisbaren engen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Zellteilungsprozessen und der Aktivität der AAS werden in einem Modell dargestellt.Parallele Untersuchungen mit anderen Mikroorganismen, z. B. dem natürlichen Filamentbildner Kurthia zopfii führen zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen.
Ausscheidung organischer Verbindungen durch Mikroorganismen in Gegenwart von Diphenylamin
Authors: Phai L. D. , Reuter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDiphenylamine (DPA) causes an increased leakage of organic compounds with resting cells of Candida guilliermondii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus already after a treatment of 1 h. The leakage depends both on the concentration of DPA and the duration of the treatment. Moreover, DPA influences the composition of the leaked ninhydrine‐positive compounds. After 20 h of treatment an increased release of mannan and ribose is observed in addition to the stronger leakage of ninhydrine positive compounds. With regard to the relation between structure and activity of DPA, the activity of 21 compounds was investigated. The two apolar phenyl groups as well as the secondary amino group being able to form ionic bounds are essential for maximal activity. A disturbance of the function of the cell membrane caused by DPA is discussed.
Growth and nitrogen fixation of mutants defective in heterocyst differentiation in the blue‐green alga Cylindrospermum sp.
Authors: Singh P. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree classes of spontaneous and N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (NTG)‐induced mutants of the blue‐green alga Cylindrospermum sp. were isolated in the presence of combined nitrogen. Mutants with complete loss of heterocyst differentiation formed longer filaments than the parent alga and were unable to grow in nitrogen‐free medium and to fix nitrogen. The second type of mutants formed long filaments with terminal heterocysts. In the third type of mutants, paired proheterocyst differentiation occurred at regular intervals in long filaments and these were defective in their further development into mature heterocysts. Mutants with decreased heterocyst frequency due to defective differentiation and development showed less growth and nitrogen fixation in nitrogen‐free medium than the parent alga.
Morphologische und physiologische Untersuchungen des L‐Lysin‐Produzenten Brevibacterium sp. 22L unter den Bedingungen der kontinuierlichen Kultivierung
Authors: Beker M. , Mezhina G. , Ruklisha M. , Ose W. , Apsite A. , Viestur U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMittels morphologischer und physiologischer Paralleluntersuchungen konnte bei Brevibacterium sp. 22L die Existenz einer Korrelation zwischen ultrastruktureller Organisation und physiologischer Aktivität nachgewiesen werden. Zellen, die mit verhältnismäßig geringer spezifischer Wachstumsrate (μ = 0,2 h−1) wachsen, sind durch eine hohe lysinsynthetisierende Aktivität, ein gut entwickeltes System intrazellulärer Membranen und einen hohen RNS‐ und Ribosomen‐Gehalt charakterisiert. Zellen hingegen, die mit einer hohen spezifischen Wachstumsrate (μ = 0,4 h−1) wachsen, ergeben eine geringe Lysinausbeute und weisen ein schwach entwickeltes System intrazellulärer Membranen sowie einen niedrigeren RNS‐ und Ribosomen‐Gehalt auf. Die hohe lysinsynthetisierende Aktivität der Zellen wird offensichtlich durch die Vergrößerung der Membranoberfläche ermöglicht, auf der ein Teil des Enzymsystems der Zelle lokalisiert ist.
Lambdamycin, ein Antibioticum aus dem Stamm IMET 31118 von Streptomyces glaucoachromogenes PRAUSER
Authors: Fleck W. , Strauss D. , Prauser H. , Jungstand W. , Heinecke H. , Gutsche W. , Wohlrabe K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLambdamycin‐producing strains were detected by means of the BIP test method. The isolation technique and the physicochemical and biological properties of lambdamycin, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces glaucoachromogenes, are described. Lambdamycin is a yellow‐green pigment of the chromoglycoside type. Digitalose and fucose are the sugar components. The physicochemical properties of lambdamycin resemble those of chartreusin. However, the known biological activity is different. The antibiotic can be isolated from culture filtrates and from the mycelium by extraction with lower aliphatic alcohols. It can be purified by gel filtration methods. Lambdamycin displays antimicrobial activity, particularly against grampositive bacteria. Strains which produce enzymes inactivating different commercial antibiotics are also inhibited. Moreover, lambdamycin shows antiviral activity, as well as cancerostatic and ergotropic action in vitro and in vivo. The acute LD50 of lambdamycin in mice after 21 days was > 125 mg/kg when administered intraperitoneally.