bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Analysis ofChlamydia trachomatisTarp and Correlation with Clinical Phenotype
Authors: Lutter Erika I. , Bonner Christine , Holland Martin J. , Suchland Robert J. , Stamm Walter E. , Jewett Travis J. , McClarty Grant , Hackstadt Ted 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTChlamydia trachomatisis the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide and is the most commonly reported pathogen causing sexually transmitted infections. Tarp (translocated actin recruiting phosphoprotein), a type III secreted effector that mediates actin nucleation, is central toC. trachomatisinfection. The phylogenetic analysis oftarPfrom reference strains as well as ocular, genital, and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) clinical isolates demonstrated an evolutionary relationship with disease phenotype, with LGV and ocular isolates branched into clades that were separate from the urogenital isolates. The sequence analysis of Tarp indicated a high degree of variability and identified trends within clinical groupings. Tarps from LGV strains contained the highest number of tyrosine-rich repeat regions (up to nine) and the fewest (two) predicted actin binding domains. The converse was noted for Tarp proteins from ocular isolates that contained up to four actin binding domains and as few as one tyrosine-rich repeat region. The results suggest that Tarp is among the few known genes to play a role inC. trachomatisadaptations to specific niches within the host.
Tenocyte hypercellularity and vascular proliferation in a rabbit model of tendinopathy: contralateral effects suggest the involvement of central neuronal mechanisms
Authors: Andersson Gustav , Forsgren Sture , Scott Alexander , Gaida James Edmund , Stjernfeldt Johanna Elgestad , Lorentzon Ronny , Alfredson Håkan , Backman Clas , Danielson Patrik 
Published: July 2010

ObjectiveTo determine whether there are objective findings of tendinosis in a rabbit tendinopathy model on exercised and contralateral (non-exercised) Achilles tendons.DesignFour groups of six New Zealand white rabbits per group were used. The animals of one (control) group were not subjected to exercise/stimulation.InterventionsAnimals were subjected to a protocol of electrical stimulation and passive flexion–extension of the right triceps surae muscle every second day for 1, 3 or 6 weeks.Main Outcome MeasuresTenocyte number and vascular density were calculated. Morphological evaluations were also performed as well as in-situ hybridisation for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) messenger RNA.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the tenocyte number after 3 and 6 weeks of exercise, but not after 1 week, in comparison with the control group. This was seen in the Achilles tendons of both legs in experimental animals, including the unexercised limb. The pattern of vascularity showed an increase in the number of tendon blood vessels in rabbits that had exercised for 3 weeks or more, compared with those who had exercised for 1 week or not at all. VEGF-mRNA was detected in the investigated tissue, with the reactions being more clearly detected in the tendon tissue with tendinosis-like changes (6-week rabbits) than in the normal tendon tissue (control rabbits).ConclusionsThere were bilateral tendinosis-like changes in the Achilles tendons of rabbits in the current model after 3 weeks of training, suggesting that central neuronal mechanisms may be involved and that the contralateral side is not appropriate as a control.
Population-specific locomotor phenotypes are displayed by barramundi, Lates calcarifer, in response to thermal stress
Authors: Edmunds Richard C. , van Herwerden Lynne , Fulton Christopher J. 
Published: July 2010

We investigated how thermal stress may alter the locomotor phenotype of barramundi, Lates calcarifer , from genetically distinct northern (low latitude) and southern (high latitude) populations in tropical Australia. Following early growth and development under native (25 °C and 30 °C) and non-native (20 °C and 35 °C) temperatures, we observed distinct differences in the swimming performance of northern and southern individuals that were consistent with expectations based on local thermal adaptation. Southern population fish exhibited significantly faster swimming speeds (32.10 ± 0.33 cm·s–1, mass-adjusted mean ± 95% confidence limit) than their northern counterparts (28.58 ± 0.64 cm·s–1) under cold-stress (20 °C) conditions. Conversely, northern population fish performed significantly better (51.63 ± 2.1 cm·s–1) than their southern counterparts (44.18 ± 3.11 cm·s–1) under heat-stress (35 °C) conditions. We conclude that L. calcarifer display locomotor phenotypes thermally adapted to their local environment, with early growth under non-native temperatures leading to significantly reduced phenotypic fitness.
Electrochemical reduction of sunset yellow at a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified glassy carbon electrode and its analytical application
Authors: Song Yuan-Zhi 
Published: July 2010

The electrochemical reduction of sunset yellow at a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified glassy carbon electrode is investigated using cyclic voltammetry. A simple, sensitive, and inexpensive method for determination of sunset yellow in soft drinks is proposed and the accuracy and reproducibility of this determination method are evaluated. This method is satisfactorily applied for the determination of sunset yellow in soft drinks in the concentration range of 1.2–125.0 mg L–1 and 125.0–265.0 mg L–1, with a detection limit of 0.5 mg L–1.
Application of the Banach Fixed-Point Theorem to the Scattering Problem at a Nonlinear Three-Layer Structure with Absorption
Authors: Serov VS , Schüermann HW , Svetogorova E 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA method based on the Banach fixed-point theorem is proposed for obtaining certain solutions (TE-polarized electromagnetic waves) of the Helmholtz equation describing the reflection and transmission of a plane monochromatic wave at a nonlinear lossy dielectric film situated between two lossless linear semiinfinite media. All three media are assumed to be nonmagnetic and isotropic. The permittivity of the film is modelled by a continuously differentiable function of the transverse coordinate with a saturating Kerr nonlinearity. It is shown that the solution of the Helmholtz equation exists in form of a uniformly convergent sequence of iterations of the equivalent Volterra integral equation. Numerical results are presented.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 Are Localized Primarily to the Vasculature in Human Primary Solid Cancers
Authors: Smith Neil R. , Baker Dawn , James Neil H. , Ratcliffe Kirsty , Jenkins Martin , Ashton Susan E. , Sproat Graham , Swann Ruth , Gray Neil , Ryan Anderson , Jürgensmeier Juliane M. , Womack Chris 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is key to tumor angiogenesis and is an important target in the development of anticancer drugs. However, VEGF receptor (VEGFR) expression in human cancers, particularly the relative expression of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in tumor vasculature versus tumor cells, is poorly defined.
Experimental Design: VEGFR-2– and VEGFR-3–specific antibodies were identified and used in the immunohistochemical analysis of human primary cancers and normal tissue. The relative vascular localization of both receptors in colorectal and breast cancers was determined by coimmunofluorescence with vascular markers.
Results: VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 were expressed on vascular endothelium but not on malignant cells in 13 common human solid tumor types (n &gt; 400, bladder, breast, colorectal, head and neck, liver, lung, skin, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, renal, stomach, and thyroid). The signal intensity of both receptors was significantly greater in vessels associated with malignant colorectal, lung, and breast than adjacent nontumor tissue. In colorectal cancers, VEGFR-2 was expressed on both intratumoral blood and lymphatic vessels, whereas VEGFR-3 was found predominantly on lymphatic vessels. In breast cancers, both receptors were localized to and upregulated on blood vessels.
Conclusions: VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 are primarily localized to, and significantly upregulated on, tumor vasculature (blood and/or lymphatic) supporting the majority of solid cancers. The primary clinical mechanism of action of VEGF signaling inhibitors is likely to be through the targeting of tumor vessels rather than tumor cells. The upregulation of VEGFR-3 on tumor blood vessels indicates a potential additional antiangiogenic effect for dual VEGFR-2/VEGFR-3–targeted therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 16(14); 3548–61. ©2010 AACR.
Prognostic Significance of Telomerase Polymorphism in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Catarino Raquel , Araújo António , Coelho Ana , Gomes Mónica , Nogueira Augusto , Lopes Carlos , Medeiros Rui M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in oncologic patients of western countries, with very low survival rates. Telomerase main components are the catalytic subunit (hTERT) and the RNA template (hTR). A functional polymorphism in the hTERT gene was found in the promoter region (−1327T/C), and individuals homozygous for the −1327C/C genotype present shorter telomere length compared with T-carrier genotypes. Our purpose was to investigate the potential prognostic role of the hTERT functional genetic variant in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
Experimental Design: We prospectively conducted a study involving 226 patients with NSCLC treated with a first-line chemotherapeutic standard protocol. A follow-up study was undertaken (median follow-up time, 26 months) to evaluate treatment response and overall survival of NSCLC patients. The hTERT −1327T/C genetic variants were analyzed by allelic discrimination with real-time PCR.
Results: Our results indicate an influence of the telomerase genetic variants in the overall survival of NSCLC patients. Cox regression analysis showed a significantly higher median estimated cumulative survival of 26.5 months in T-carrier patients, compared with that of 19.3 months in CC patients (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.77; P = 0.001).
Conclusions: Telomerase functional polymorphism in the hTERT gene may contribute as a prognostic factor in NSCLC patients. Our findings indicate that hTERT genetic variants, by modulating telomere length, may confer an advantage in chemotherapy response. The assessment of telomerase genetic variants could supplement prognosis of survival in the course of NSCLC and may be a promising molecular marker of treatment response in these patients. Clin Cancer Res; 16(14); 3706–12. ©2010 AACR.
Late and Very Late Drug-Eluting Stent Malapposition
Authors: Kang Soo-Jin , Mintz Gary S. , Park Duk-Woo , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Han Ki-Hoon , Kim Jae-Joong , Park Seong-Wook , Park Seung-Jung 
Published: July 2010

Background—
The long-term natural history of acquired malapposition continues to be the subject of debate.

Methods and Results—
Using volumetric intravascular ultrasound analyses, we evaluated serial (poststenting, 6-month, and 2-year follow-up) changes in drug-eluting stent–treated vascular segments with acquired malapposition. External elastic membrane, stent, lumen, malapposition, and peristent plaque+media (P+M=external elastic membrane −stent− malapposition) areas were measured; and volumes were calculated and divided by stent length (normalized volume). Among 250 lesions in which complete serial intravascular ultrasound data were available, stent malapposition was identified in 19 lesions (7.6%) at 6 months, and an additional 13 malapposition lesions were newly detected at 2 years (5.2%). Because no malapposition sites resolved, the malapposition rate at 2 years was 12.8%. Malapposition areas and volumes were correlated to the increases in external elastic membrane (positive remodeling) throughout the study period, from immediately after stenting to 6 months and from 6 months to 2 years, both in the group that developed malapposition at 6 months and in the group that developed malapposition at 2 years. Clinical follow-up beyond the 2 year intravascular ultrasound study was done in all patients. Overall, there were 2 cardiac deaths and 1 noncardiac death. Two patients presented with acute myocardial infarction associated with very late stent thrombosis (1 definite stent thrombosis, 1 probable stent thrombosis). Three patients underwent repeat revascularization owing to in-stent restenosis developed after the 2-year follow-up.

Conclusions—
Expansive vascular remodeling may play a role in the development and dynamic progression of acquired drug-eluting stent malapposition, not only during the first 6 months after implantation but thereafter.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Elderly
Authors: Johnman Cathy , Oldroyd Keith G. , Mackay Danny F. , Slack Rachel , Pell Alastair C.H. , Flapan Andrew D. , Jennings Kevin P. , Eteiba Hany , Irving John , Pell Jill P. 
Published: July 2010

Background—
The elderly account for an increasing proportion of the population and have a high prevalence of coronary heart disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the most common method of revascularization in the elderly. We examined whether the risk of periprocedural complications after PCI was higher among elderly (age ≥75 years) patients and whether it has changed over time.

Methods and Results—

The Scottish Coronary Revascularization Register was used to undertake a retrospective cohort study on all 31 758 patients undergoing nonemergency PCI in Scotland between April 2000 and March 2007, inclusive. There was an increase in the number and percentage of PCIs undertaken in elderly patients, from 196 (8.7%) in 2000 to 752 (13.9%) in 2007. Compared with younger patients, the elderly were more likely to have multivessel disease, multiple comorbidity, and a history of myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass grafting (χ
2
tests, all
P
<0.001). The elderly had a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events within 30 days of PCI (4.5% versus 2.7%, χ
2
test
P
<0.001). Over the 7 years, there was a significant increase in the proportion of elderly patients who had multiple comorbidity (χ
2
test for trend,
P
<0.001). Despite this, the underlying risk of complications did not change significantly over time either among the elderly (χ
2
test for trend,
P
=0.142) or overall (χ
2
test for trend,
P
=0.083).

Conclusions—
Elderly patients have a higher risk of periprocedural complications and account for an increasing proportion of PCIs. Despite this, the risk of complications after PCI has not increased over time.
Safety and Efficacy of the Subclavian Approach for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With the CoreValve Revalving System
Authors: Petronio Anna Sonia , De Carlo Marco , Bedogni Francesco , Marzocchi Antonio , Klugmann Silvio , Maisano Francesco , Ramondo Angelo , Ussia Gian Paolo , Ettori Federica , Poli Arnaldo , Brambilla Nedy , Saia Francesco , De Marco Federico , Colombo Antonio 
Published: July 2010

Background—
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a new option for patients with severe aortic stenosis at high surgical risk. The standard retrograde approach through the femoral artery is contraindicated in case of unfavorable iliofemoral anatomy or extensive disease. In these patients, a trans-subclavian approach may be feasible.

Methods and Results—

Between June 2007 and July 2009, TAVI with the CoreValve bioprosthesis (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minn) was performed in 514 consecutive patients at 13 Italian hospitals, using the subclavian approach in 54 cases. The median logistic EuroSCORE was significantly higher in the subclavian (19.4; interquartile range, 12.5 to 29.8) versus femoral group (25.3; interquartile range, 15.1 to 36.6) (
P
=0.03), as well as the rate of comorbidities. Procedural success was obtained in 100% versus 98.4% of the subclavian versus femoral groups, respectively (
P
=0.62), with intraprocedural mortality of 0% versus 0.9% (
P
=1.00). The most common in-hospital complications were a new left bundle-branch block (22.4%) and the need for pacemaker (16.3%). No specific complications for the subclavian access (vessel rupture, vertebral or internal mammary ischemia) were reported. The learning curve for the subclavian approach led to a wider use of local anesthesia. Thirty-day mortality was 0% versus 6.1% in the subclavian versus femoral groups, respectively (
P
=0.13). Six-month mortality rate was 9.4% versus 15.8% (
P
=0.44), whereas valve-related adverse events were 13.6% versus 13.9% (
P
=0.79).

Conclusions—
TAVI through the subclavian approach appeared feasible and safe, with excellent procedural success and low in-hospital complication rates. This new technique allows patients with contraindications to the femoral approach to be treated with TAVI.
Lassen Die Empfehlungen Der Vereinten Nationen Rückschlüsse Auf Die Rechtliche Natur Der Empfehlungen Des Europarates Und Des Nordischen Rates Zu?
Authors: Nagel Heinrich 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Empfehlungen der Vereinten Nationen haben einige Tradition erlangt, nachdem sie schon im Völkerbunde eine Rolle gespielt hatten. Mit dem Entstehen neuer internationaler Organisation mussten die Empfehlungen schon dadurch an Bedeutung gewinnen, dass sie oft das einzige Mittel sind, wodurch sich diese neuen Organisation überhaupt Geltung verschaffen können. Es ist deshalb auch nicht verwunderlich, dass die Diskussion über die völkerrechtliche Bedeutung der Empfehlungen nicht beendet ist.1) Hierzu soll aus der Fragestellung des Themas ein Beitrag versucht werden, nämlich ob und gegebenfalls welche Rückschlosse aus den Empfehlungen der Vereinten Nationen auf die rechtliche Natur derjeningen des Europarates und des Nordichen Rates2) gezogen werden können.
Den Norsk-Svenske Rengræsnings-Kommission Af 28. Februar I964
Authors: Svenningsen Nils 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTidsskriftets redaktor har af undertegnede ønsket en artikel om baggrunden for og formÅlet med den kommission, som den svenske og den norske regering i begyndelsen af 1964 har nedsat til behandling af rengræsningsspørgsmÅlet i Nordskandinavien. Til imødekommen af dette ønske vil det være hensigtsmæssigt først at meddele nogle orienterende oplysninger om visse fakta vedrorende selve substansen af nævnte problem og derefter, ved hjælp af officielt kildemateriale, i store træk at give en historik af udviklingen i den kæde af norsk-svenske forhandlinger og overenskomster om dette emne, som de sidste par hundrede År opviser, for sÅ til slut at gore rede for den nu siddende kommissions tilblivelse, dens mandat og dens formÅl.
Bestämning av flyktingskap i Sverige
Authors: Nobel Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThere is no official refugee declaration in Sweden. The procedure is the same for asylum seekers and for other aliens applying for residence permissions. It starts with interrogation by the police, the protocole of which is submitted to the Central Immigration Authority, Statens Invandrarverk SIV. A well functioning legal aid system grants the asylum seeker threatened by expulsion free legal counsel and representation from the stage of the police hearing until the case is finally decided. SIV handles the cases in camera without hearings or contradictionary proceedings. This - according to the author - is the root of a certain credibility gap concerning the information available to SIV and how and to what extent it should be communicated to the applicant. The same is said about the interpretation of refugee law tending to be too restrictive. Negative decisions are combined with an order of expulsion. They do often give some explanation of the reasons for the decision. There is an absolute right of appeal to be lodged with the Government within three weeks. In spite of the absence of a refugee declaration there is categorizing into A- or convention refugees — entitled to CTDs, B-refugees and others. This is important for the refugees opportunity to employmant, education etc. but there is no appeal or appropriate remedy in these issues. Considering this and the psychological feeling of safety for the asylum seeker, it is felt that refugee declarations should be introduced in the swedish system. A proposal to establish a special board of appeal for refugee- and other alien cases separated from the Government, has been rejected in Sweden. Therefore the last resort remains the Government, a political instance. This is considered to be to the advantage of refugees - but only as long as the political climate in the country is favourable to them.
Iv Lighedsprincipper i fRemmedlovgivningen
Authors: Bornemann Claus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe provisions relevant to aliens are not collected in a single legislative act, and administrative practise is not published. An aggregated exposition of the legal position of aliens seems called for. Ordinary aliens from third countries (outside the Nordic countries and EC) are in a weaker position than refugees who are settled here. Refugees are about 100 % safe from expulsion and they are integrated by a specific service body "Danish Refugee Council". Migrant workers show signs of anxiety and insecurity. However unfounded this may be, the insecurity is undoubtedly due to the formulation and administration of the aliens legislation. Critics, who in a number of cases are supported by the ombudsman, have pointed out that the Aliens Act is inprecise, open for construction and not subjected to judicial control. For the individual alien ,expulsion is as serious as a criminal sanction, and may appear as an additional penalty. It is therefore regretable that expulsion is not surrounded by the procedual guarantees of criminal procedure. Many decisions concerning aliens are based on administrative discretion. This pertains not only to the aliens police but also to social authorities who may return aliens in certain cases. Denmark has no central aliens administration such as the Swedish "Innvandrerverket". We have the Refugee Council, but there appears to be an iron curtain between this institution and aliens, who are not refugees. Migrant workers, however have the same need for integration, but the principle here is a total legal equality with Danish nationals. This equality in law is not however, enough to secure equality in fact. Much of the disturbance around the Aliens Act might have been avoided if the migrant workers had the same aid at their arrival as do the refugees. Municipalities with a large population of migrant workers have to set up special administrative units to handle their problems and it is understandable that the question arises why the Refugee Council cannot act as advisor for the municipalities, who have problems with aliens. Greater equality between aliens permanently residing here is called for. This can partly be achieved by enhancing the procedual guarantees in the Aliens Act. Furthermore all aliens should receive the same service as refugees do. I fail to see why greater legal security for aliens should deteriorate the legal position of refugees. Aliens should be looked upon as people, who have been invited to the country, and not merely as labour. Finally I should likt to know, if it is in conformity with humane justice to expel an alien merely because he is a burden to society?