bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alfred Trauma Team Training Program in India and Sri Lanka
Authors: O'Reilly Gerard M , Fitzgerald Mark , Dewan Yashbir , Chou Kylie , Mathew Joseph , Peters Nitin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInjury is a major global health problem. India suffers more deaths from vehicle collisions than any other country. Since 2004 The Alfred Hospital in Melbourne, Australia has established strong linkages with Christian Medical College (CMC) in Ludhiana, the Punjab, India and Teaching Hospital Karapitiya (THK) in Galle, Sri Lanka, supporting trauma care capacity‐building. In response to the demand for a systematic approach to trauma care in India and Sri Lanka, The Alfred Trauma Team Training Program was developed, funded by the Australian Agency for International Development, The Alfred and its participating staff, CMC and THK. The aim of the programme was to enhance the understanding and skill in reception and resuscitation of critically injured patients in a cohort of providers of emergency care. Participants were selected from nine sites: CMC, five government hospitals across the Punjab, Delhi, THK and Teaching Hospital Peradeniya in Kandy, Sri Lanka. The programme was conducted at CMC, with follow‐up visits to THK and Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, and focused on team‐based scenarios. The faculty included emergency clinicians from The Alfred. Participants showed improvement in the knowledge and skills of trauma reception and resuscitation. Observed programme challenges included the variety of health systems from which the participants were sourced. The Trauma Team Training Program allowed Australian emergency clinicians to impart some skills towards improving the level of trauma reception and resuscitation by 26 participants from nine sites. The team‐based systematic approach to the delivery of emergency trauma care was valued by the participants.
The Impact of Prolonged Nomination Contests on Presidential Candidate Evaluations and General Election Vote Choice: The Case of 2008
Authors: DEWITT JEFF R. , ENGSTROM RICHARD N. 
Published: October 2011

The fact that political parties hold competitive nomination contests that require voters to choose among multiple candidates leaves open the possibility that the contest itself could damage the prospects of an eventual nominee. In this study, we employ the American National Election Study panel survey data from the 2008 U.S. presidential election to assess the impact of the Democratic Party nomination process on candidate evaluations and general election vote preference. We find evidence that Barack Obama had greater difficulty uniting his party than his Republican counterpart due to the fact that Clinton voters were slow to coalesce around Obama. These supporters failed to report higher levels of favorability until Clinton conceded the race in the summer, while Huckabee and Romney voters were seen rallying to their party's nominee in the spring. In the end, many Clinton primary voters either abstained from voting in November or crossed over to support the Republican nominee.El hecho de que los partidos políticos realicen contiendas de nominaciones competitivas que exijan a los votantes elegir entre múltiples candidatos crea la posibilidad de que la contienda en sí misma perjudique las expectativas del candidato ganador. En este estudio, empleamos datos de una encuesta de ANES sobre las elecciones presidenciales del 2008 en los Estados Unidos para determinar el impacto del proceso de nominación presidencial del Partido Demócrata en la evaluación de los candidatos y las preferencias electorales generales. Encontramos evidencia de que Barack Obama tuvo una mayor dificultad unificando su partido que su equivalente Republicano debido a que partidarios de Clinton fueron lentos en sumarse a Obama. Estos partidarios no reportaron altos niveles de apoyo hasta que Clinton confirió la contienda en el verano, mientras que partidarios de Huckabee y Romney se concentraron en el candidato de su partido desde la primavera. Al final, muchos votantes adeptos a Clinton se abstuvieron de votar en noviembre o decidieron apoyar al candidato Republicano.
Local Government Human Resource Management Past, Present, and Future: Revisiting Hays and Kearney's Anticipated Changes a Decade Later
Authors: FRENCH P. EDWARD , GOODMAN DOUG 
Published: October 2011

Over a decade ago, Hays and Kearney published results from a survey of human resource managers who were members of the International Personnel Management Association and the Section on Personnel and Labor Relations of the American Society for Public Administration. This survey solicited members' opinions regarding the present and anticipated status of public personnel systems at that time. Our survey solicits the opinions of human resource management (HRM) professionals at the local government level a decade later to determine the importance of these same functions and activities to the practice of HRM today. Survey respondents are also requested to project the importance of these same concepts in 2019. This analysis shows that while the reinvention movement has generated several changes in the field of public HRM, many of the traditional functions and activities continue to remain as important at the local level of government.Hace más de una década, Hays y Kearney publicaron los resultados de una encuesta de directores de recursos humanos que eran miembros del International Personnel Management Association y del Section on Personnel and Labor Relations of the American Society for Public Administration. Esta encuesta solicitó la opinión de los miembros acerca del estado presente y previsto de los sistemas de personal público de la época. Una década más tarde, nuestra encuesta pide la opinión de directores de recursos humanos profesionales a un nivel de gobierno local para determinar la importancia de esas mismas funciones y actividades de manejo de recursos humanos en la actualidad. También se le pidió a los participantes proyectar la importancia de estos mismos conceptos para el año 2019. Este análisis muestra que mientras que el movimiento de reinvención ha generado una gran cantidad de cambios en área de la administración pública de recursos humanos, muchas de las funciones y actividades tradicionales continúan siendo igual de importantes a un nivel de gobierno local.
Does fine sediment constrain salmonid alevin development and survival?
Authors: Louhi P. , Ovaska M. , Mäki-Petäys A. , Erkinaro J. , Muotka T. 
Published: October 2011

We applied a randomized factorial design with three sedimentation treatments (high, low, and zero sediment addition) and two predation-risk levels (predator present or absent) to assess whether the survival and emergence of brown trout (Salmo trutta) alevins were affected by sedimentation and (or) chemical cues from a predatory fish (burbot, Lota lota). In this laboratory experiment, survival was only related to the finest organic sediment fraction (<0.074 mm), which decreased embryo survival, although only constituting less than 1.5% of all sediments. Control fish tended to postpone emergence when exposed to predator odour, whereas fish in the high-sedimentation treatment showed no response to predators. Alevins that received high sedimentation had larger yolk sacs at emergence compared with control fish. Sedimentation may thus have serious fitness consequences on salmonids, as fry with larger yolk sacs are poor swimmers and therefore more vulnerable to predation or downstream displacement. Fine-sediment deposition from the catchment or stream banks may cause a serious threat to salmonid populations, and more effective erosion control is needed to reduce inputs of fine sediments to river habitats.
A possible subcellular mechanism underlying the “French paradox”: the opening of mitochondrial KATP channels
Authors: Aiello Ernesto A. , Cingolani Horacio E. 
Published: October 2011

A reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease has been associated to moderate red wine consumption. We tested whether a nonalcoholic red wine extract would open mitochondrial KATP channels in guinea pig myocytes. The opening of mitochondrial KATP channels was assessed by endogenous flavoprotein fluorescence. Red wine extract (100 μg·mL–1) increased flavoprotein oxidation (10.9% ± 1.2%, n = 20). This effect was prevented by the mitochondrial KATP channel blocker, 5-hydroxydecanoate (500 µmol·L–1; 0.3% ± 1.1%, n = 13), confirming the hypothesis that red wine extract opens mitochondrial KATP channels.
A single 1-h session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise does not modify lipids and lipoproteins in normolipidemic obese women
Authors: Wooten Joshua S. , Biggerstaff Kyle D. , Ben-Ezra Vic 
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of a single session of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins in women who were sedentary and obese. Women (n = 12) who were premenopausal, sedentary, and obese (body mass index, 30–40 kg·m–2; waist circumference > 88 cm) completed exercise and control trials in a randomly assigned order. Exercise consisted of a single session of treadmill walking at 70% maximum oxygen uptake until 500 kcal were expended, and the control protocol consisted of 60 min of seated rest. Fasting blood samples were collected immediately prior to, 24 h, and 48 h following the exercise and control sessions and analyzed for triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, and HDL3-C concentrations, and mean LDL, HDL2, and HDL3particle size and cholesterol distributions. A 2 × 3 (trial × time) ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant (p > 0.05) changes in the lipid and lipoprotein variables 24 and 48 h following exercise. In contrast to previously published data in lean men and women, a single session of treadmill exercise at 70% maximum oxygen uptake that expended 500 kcal was insufficient to modify lipids and lipoproteins in women who were sedentary, normolipidemic, and obese.
Fasting and Post-Glucose Load Measures of Insulin Resistance and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Older Adults
Authors: Thacker Evan L. , Psaty Bruce M. , McKnight Barbara , Heckbert Susan R. , Longstreth W.T. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Meigs James B. , de Boer Ian H. , Boyko Edward J. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Kizer Jorge R. , Tracy Russell P. , Smith Nicholas L. , Siscovick David S. 
Published: October 2011

Background and Purpose—
Few studies have assessed post-glucose load measures of insulin resistance and ischemic stroke risk, and data are sparse for older adults. We investigated whether fasting and post-glucose load measures of insulin resistance were related to incident ischemic stroke in nondiabetic, older adults.

Methods—
Participants were men and women in the Cardiovascular Health Study, age 65+ years and without prevalent diabetes or stroke at baseline, followed for 17 years for incident ischemic stroke. The Gutt insulin sensitivity index was calculated from baseline body weight and from fasting and 2-hour postload insulin and glucose; a lower Gutt index indicates higher insulin resistance.

Results—
Analyses included 3442 participants (42% men) with a mean age of 73 years. Incidence of ischemic stroke was 9.8 strokes per 1000 person-years. The relative risk (RR) for lowest quartile versus highest quartile of Gutt index was 1.64 (95% CI, 1.24–2.16), adjusted for demographics and prevalent cardiovascular and kidney disease. Similarly, the adjusted RR for highest quartile versus lowest quartile of 2-hour glucose was 1.84 (95% CI, 1.39–2.42). In contrast, the adjusted RR for highest quartile versus lowest quartile of fasting insulin was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.84–1.46).

Conclusions—
In nondiabetic, older adults, insulin resistance measured by Gutt index or 2-hour glucose, but not by fasting insulin, was associated with risk of incident ischemic stroke.
The Need for Standardization of Tacrolimus Assays
Authors: Levine Daniel M , Maine Gregory T , Armbruster David A , Mussell Christopher , Buchholz Christoph , O'Connor Gavin , Tuck Victoria , Johnston Atholl , Holt David W 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUNDOwing to the lack of an internationally recognized tacrolimus reference material and reference method, current LC-MS and immunoassay test methods used to monitor tacrolimus concentrations in whole blood are not standardized. The aim of this study was to assess the need for tacrolimus assay standardization.METHODSWe sent a blinded 40-member whole-blood tacrolimus proficiency panel (0–30 μg/L) to 22 clinical laboratories in 14 countries to be tested by the following assays: Abbott ARCHITECT (n = 17), LC-MS (n = 9), and Siemens Dade Dimension (n = 5). Selected LC-MS laboratories (n = 4) also received a common calibrator set. We compared test results to a validated LC-MS method. Four samples from the proficiency panel were assigned reference values by using exact-matching isotope-dilution mass spectrometr at LGC.RESULTSThe range of CVs observed with the tacrolimus proficiency panel was as follows: LC-MS 11.4%–18.7%, ARCHITECT 3.9%–9.5%, and Siemens Dade 5.0%–48.1%. The range of historical within-site QC CVs obtained with the use of 3 control concentrations were as follows: LC-MS low 3.8%–10.7%, medium 2.0%–9.3%, high 2.3%–9.0%; ARCHITECT low 2.5%–9.5%, medium 2.5%–8.6%, high 2.9%–18.6%; and Siemens/Dade Dimension low 8.7%–23.0%, medium 7.6%–13.2%, high 4.4%–10.4%. Assay bias observed between the 4 LC-MS sites was not corrected by implementation of a common calibrator set.CONCLUSIONSTacrolimus assay standardization will be necessary to compare patient results between clinical laboratories. Improved assay accuracy is required to provide optimized drug dosing and consistent care across transplant centers globally.
Evaluation of Various Test Devices for the Measurements of Aggregates and Asphalt Mixtures’ Specific Gravity
Authors: Bae Abraham , Mohammad Louay N. , Cooper Samuel B. , King William 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Current test procedures for determining the density properties of aggregate and hot mix asphalt mixtures (HMA) are time consuming and subjective. The density can have significant impact on the performance of asphalt pavements. Three devices (SSDetect, CoreLok, and CoreDry) which can significantly reduce testing time were independently evaluated. Three experiments were performed to evaluate these devices. In the first experiment, specific gravity and absorption of two aggregate types (coarse sand and number 11 limestone) were conducted. The second experiment evaluated the HMA mixture bulk specific gravity (Gmb) of two mixture types (open graded friction coarse and dense graded). The last experiment examined the HMA Gmb of roadway cores. It is noted that the results from these test devices were compared to their counterpart conventional ones. Ten laboratories in Louisiana participated in this experimental program. In general, the SSDetect single operator and multilaboratories precision of both aggregate specific gravity measurements were better than that determined from American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) T84. Furthermore, the results from the SSDetect device did meet the AASHTO precision criterion. Also, HMA Gmb precision values for the CoreLok were similar to that of AASHTO T166 for both mixtures. HMA Gmb values computed from results of the CoreDry device were similar to the ones determined from conventional method for the roadway cores.
Barnás polyposis és diverticulosis együttes előfordulása sigmabélben – Mucosalis prolapsus syndroma esete
Authors: Karácsony Tibor , Joó Judit , Berczi Lajos , Antal András 
Published: October 2011

Absztrakt
A szerzők egy 48 éves férfi kórtörténetét ismertetik. Az eset diagnosztikus különlegessége hogy a colonoscopia során számos barnás színű, egy-két cm nagyságú sigmapolipot és diverticulosist találtunk. A gastrointestinalis vérzés miatt laparoscopos sigmaresectiót ajánlottunk, melyet tervezett időben elvégeztünk. A hisztológiai vizsgálat a sigmabélben a diverticulosis és a polyposis együttes előfordulását megerősítette. A ritka elváltozás az irodalomban diverticulosisasszociált, prolapsus típusú gyulladásos polyposisként ismert, ami a mucosalis prolapsus egy változata. A polipok barnás elszíneződését a bennük lerakódott haemosiderin okozta.
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for advanced Parkinson disease using general anesthesia: long-term results
Authors: Harries Anwen M. , Kausar Jamilla , Roberts Stuart A. G. , Mocroft A. Paul , Hodson James A. , Pall Hardev S. , Mitchell Rosalind D. 
Published: October 2011

Object
The authors analyze long-term outcome in a substantial number of patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery under general anesthesia.

Methods
Eighty-two patients underwent bilateral placement of DBS electrodes under general anesthesia for advanced Parkinson disease; the STN was the target in all cases. All patients underwent intraoperative microelectrode recording of the STN. No intraoperative macrostimulation was performed. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) data were recorded in 28 patients. Assessment of outcome was performed using the UPDRS (in 28 cases), the electrophysiological recordings (in all 82 cases), medication reduction (in 78 cases), and complications (in 82 cases).

Results
There was improvement in UPDRS scores across all measures following surgery. The total UPDRS score, off medication, improved from 68.78 (geometrical mean, 95% CI 61.76–76.60) preoperatively to 45.89 (geometrical mean, 95% CI 34.86–60.41) at 1 year postoperatively (p = 0.003, data available in 26 patients). Improvements were obtained in UPDRS Part II (Activities of Daily Living) off medication (p = 0.001) and also UPDRS Part III (Motor Examination) off medication (p < 0.001). Results for the on-medication and on-stimulation states also showed a statistically significant improvement for UPDRS Part III (p = 0.047). Good microelectrode recording of the STN was obtained under general anesthesia; the median first-track length was 4.0 mm, and the median number of tracks passed per patient was 3.0. The median reduction in levodopa medication was 58.1% (interquartile range 42.9%–73.3%). One patient had an intracerebral hemorrhage in the track of 1 electrode but did not require surgical evacuation. One patient had generalized convulsive seizures 24 hours postoperatively and was intubated for seizure control. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores were obtained in 26 patients at 1 year, 28 patients at 3 years, 17 at 5 years, and 7 at 7 years postoperatively. Up to 7 years postoperatively, there was sustained improvement in the total UPDRS score. The results in these patients showed minimal deterioration in the motor section of the UPDRS over time, up to 7 years following the operation. The authors found no evidence that the UPDRS Part II scores changed significantly over the period of 1–7 years after surgery (p = 0.671, comparison of mean scores at 1 and 7 years using generalized estimating equations).

Conclusions
Long-term outcomes confirm that it is both safe and effective to perform STN DBS under general anesthesia. As part of patient choice, this option should be offered to all DBS candidates with advanced Parkinson disease to enable more of these patients to undergo this beneficial surgery.
La « shazamisation » de l'offre : modalités, devenir et implications managériales
Authors: Lemoine Jean-François , Badot Olivier 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cet article attire l’attention sur un nouveau phénomène, la « shazamisation » de l’offre, qui - grâce à des applications dans les smartphones - permet aux consommateurs d’assouvir, au gré de leurs pérégrinations physiques et émotionnelles, leurs envies et leurs besoins en les transformant en achat immédiat, plus ou moins local. Pour rendre compte de ce phénomène, une analyse sociologique des modes de vie et des usages qui en favorisent l’émergence est tout d’abord menée. Puis sont présentés : un cas pratique de « shazamisation de l’offre », Collection Inspire et les conséquences sur le processus d’achat. Une conclusion signale des implications managériales de ce phénomène en matière de stratégies marketing, d’économie politique du canal et de commerce.
Segmentation fournisseurs et négociation : le cas du fournisseur « stratégique »
Authors: Lacoste Sylvie 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Notre étude s’appuie sur la création récente d’un nouveau statut de fournisseur, dénommé « stratégique » au sein d’une typologie fournisseurs définis par les clients, grands groupes industriels. Par-delà cette nouvelle caractérisation des relations client-fournisseur, nous nous interrogeons sur l’impact de ce statut sur la négociation entre ce type de fournisseurs et leurs clients. Nous cherchons à définir les modifications d’enjeu et les conséquences.
L'apport de l'intelligence économique en négociation commerciale
Authors: Bobot Lionel 
Published: October 2011

Résumé L’intelligence économique tend à trier et enrichir l’information et la documentation recueillies, dans le but de les traiter et de mettre en place la stratégie et le plan d’action en conséquence. L’intelligence économique et la négociation sont liées dans quatre principaux domaines : la recherche d’information, la cartographie des acteurs, le lobbying et les réseaux. Nous nous proposons dans cet article de présenter une recherche basée sur des entretiens qualitatifs approfondis auprès de commerciaux ayant pour projet de vérifier nos réflexions concernant l’apport de l’intelligence économique à la négociation commerciale. Mieux informé, influençant les acteurs clés de la négociation et utilisant au mieux ses réseaux sociaux, le commercial comme le dirigeant saura créer un avantage compétitif sur son marché et optimisera ses négociations.
Cost Associated with Being Overweight and with Obesity, High Alcohol Consumption, and Tobacco Use within the Military Health System's TRICARE Prime—Enrolled Population
Authors: Dall Timothy M. , Zhang Yiduo , Chen Yaozhu J. , Wagner Rachel C. Askarinam , Hogan Paul F. , Fagan Nancy K. , Olaiya Samuel T. , Tornberg David N. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. To estimate medical and indirect costs to the Department of Defense (DoD) that are associated with tobacco use, being overweight or obese, and high alcohol consumption. Design. Retrospective, quantitative research. Setting. Healthcare provided in military treatment facilities and by providers participating in the military health system. Subjects. The 4.3 million beneficiaries under age 65 years who were enrolled in the military TRICARE Prime health plan option in 2006. Measures. The findings come from a cost-of-disease model developed by combining information from DoD and civilian health surveys and studies; DoD healthcare encounter data for 4.1 million beneficiaries; and epidemiology literature on the increased risk of comorbidities from unhealthy behaviors. Results. DoD spends an estimated $2.1 billion per year for medical care associated with tobacco use ($564 million), excess weight and obesity ($1.1 billion), and high alcohol consumption ($425 million). DoD incurs nonmedical costs related to tobacco use, excess weight and obesity, and high alcohol consumption in excess of $965 million per year. Conclusion. Unhealthy lifestyles are significant contributors to the cost of providing healthcare services to the nation's military personnel, military retirees, and their dependents. The continued rise in healthcare costs could impact other DoD programs and could potentially affect areas related to military capability and readiness. In 2006, DoD initiated Healthy Choices for Life initiatives to address the high cost of unhealthy lifestyles and behaviors, and the DoD continues to monitor lifestyle trends through the DoD Lifestyle Assessment Program.