bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical excision with five-centimeter margins for treatment of feline injection-site sarcomas: 91 cases (1998–2002)
Authors: Phelps Holly A. , Kuntz Charles A. , Milner Rowan J. , Powers Barbara E. , Bacon Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate outcomes of radical excision of feline injection-site sarcomas (ISS) via assessment of local recurrence and metastasis rates, survival times, and complications associated with surgery.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—91 cats with ISS.
Procedures—Medical records of cats that had radical excision of ISS without adjunctive treatment were reviewed. Information extracted included sex, type of surgical procedure, histologic tumor grade, tumor diameter, time from tumor detection to definitive surgery, complications associated with surgery, whether tumors recurred locally or metastasized, and survival times. Diagnosis of ISS was histologically confirmed, and additional follow-up was performed.
Results—Overall median survival time was 901 days. Thirteen of 91 (14%) cats had local tumor recurrence; 18 (20%) cats had evidence of metastasis after surgery. Median survival time of cats with and without recurrence was 499 and 1,461 days, respectively. Median survival time of cats with and without metastasis was 388 and 1,528 days, respectively. Tumor recurrence and metastasis were significantly associated with survival time, whereas other examined variables were not. Major complications occurred in 10 cats, including 7 with incisional dehiscence.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Radical excision of ISS resulted in a metastasis rate similar to rates reported previously; the local recurrence rate appeared to be substantially less than rates reported after less aggressive surgeries, with or without adjuvant treatment. Major complication rates were similar to rates reported previously after aggressive surgical resection of ISS. Radical excision may be a valuable means of attaining an improved outcome in the treatment of feline ISS.
Frequency of Met129Val allele associated with predisposition to variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease in the Middle ages
Authors: Kołodziejczak-Przekwas Magdalena , Witas Henryk 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Direct deciphering of past genes may reflect real characteristics of forebears, even of whole ancestral populations. This is obviously one of the most powerful and direct methods to follow evolutionary changes of the species. We attempted to apply ancient DNA (aDNA) technology to analyse a polymorphism at codon 129 of PRNP which probably plays a role in susceptibility to a variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob (vCJD) disease. As previously suggested, 129 Val-Val and heterozygous individuals are nearly completely protected from vCJD, in contrast to 129 Met-Met homozygous ones. We examined the frequency of the alleles encoding methionine and valine at codon 129 in DNA isolated from 100 skeletal remains of individuals who lived between 10th and 13th century. Our results confirmed significant alteration in previously studied alleles frequency between the populations of medieval Polish Lands and contemporaries. The calculated frequency of the alleles in medieval Poland (51% as compared to contemporary 65% for 129Met, and appropriately 49% vs. 35% for 129Val) implies a selection process that shaped 129 Met-Val distribution profiles in the Middle Ages. We suggest that the study of the genetic relationship between past and present-day populations could be a useful tool to follow allelic composition of particular genes (here: of the PRNP) over a span of time which may contribute to the understanding of evolutionary and selective mechanisms including epidemiological cases.
Comparison of insulin sensitivity indices properties calculated from OGTT
Authors: Chrenova Jana , Rausova Zuzana , Penesova Adela , Dedik Ladislav 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The aim of this study was to present the properties of insulin sensitivity indices formulas to justify selection of formulas to evaluate of insulin sensitivity for calculation from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) data. Twelve of the most applicable formulae for ISI calculation were analyzed in the view of two sets of results: 1) point contrasts, calculated as the ratio of average ISI values in lean and obese groups of patients; and 2) interval contrasts, calculated as ratios of T from the two-sided t-test, evaluated as dimensionless, mutually comparable contrasts within a continuous scale. Statistical significance of individual ISIs in terms of their contrasts was evaluated by two-sided t-tests. P<0.001 was a considered statistically significance between a group of 59 healthy volunteers with BMI<25 kg/m2 and a group of 63 volunteers with BMI≥25 kg/m2 who underwent frequent OGTT sampling. To compare data of an individual subject with the standard, we recommend selecting the formulas with a high point contrast. To compare of data of several subject groups, we recommend using the formulas with a high interval contrast.
Melanocortin system in cancer-related cachexia
Authors: Bienertová-Vašků Julie , Bienert Petr , Valík Dalibor , Vašků Anna 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The melanocortin system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of appetite and energy balance. It was recognized to play an important role in the development of cancer-related cachexia, a debilitating condition characterized by progressive body wasting associated with anorexia, increased resting energy expediture and loss of fat as well as lean body mass that cannot be simply prevented or treated by adequate nutritional support.
The recent advances in understanding of mechanisms underlying cancer-related cachexia led to consequent recognition of the melanocortin system as an important potential therapeutic target. Several molecules have been made available for animal experiments, including those with oral bioavailability, that act at various checkpoints of the melanocortin system and that might confer singificant benefits for the patients suffering from cancer-related cachexia. The application of melanocortin 4 receptor antagonists/agouti-related peptide agonists has been however restricted to animal models and more pharmacological data will be necessary to progress to clinical trials on humans. Still, pharmacological targeting of the melanocortin system seem to represent an elegant and promising way of treatment of cancer-related cachexia.
Longitudinal Analysis of Maternal Risk Factors for Childhood Sexual Abuse: Early Attitudes and Behaviours, Socioeconomic Status, and Mental Health
Authors: Martin Andrew , Najman Jake M. , Williams Gail M. , Bor William , Gorton Emma , Alati Rosa 
Published: June 2011

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine whether maternal factors such as socioeconomic status (SES), attitudes towards the baby, and mental health at 6 months or earlier, are associated with non-penetrative and penetrative childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in her offspring. Methods: This was a prospective birth cohort study followed up to 21 years. Set in one of two obstetric hospitals in Brisbane, Australia, the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) involves a prospective birth cohort from a population based sample of 7223 singletons whose mothers were enrolled between 1981 and 1984 at the first antenatal visit. The present cohort consisted of 2664 participants who provided CSA data, and whose mothers had responded to all relevant questions. Results: About 16% of young adults reported non-penetrative sexual abuse before the age of sixteen and 9% reported penetrative abuse. After adjusting for all variables in the model, an increased risk for non-penetrative CSA was associated with the child being female, unwanted pregnancy, mother being a heavy smoker, and maternal anxiety. Increased risk for penetrative CSA was associated with the child being female, the mother having failed to complete a high school level education, living in an alternative arrangement other than marriage, and being either a moderate or heavy smoker. We found no associations between maternal age and CSA after correcting for other predictors. Conclusion: CSA was not uncommon in this cohort with one in four reporting some form of sexual abuse before 16. The results suggest that several early factors may predict later CSA and that the associations are different according to type of CSA.
De l’ « autonomie de l’État » à l’art du compromis politique : la réforme des pensions de vieillesse à la fin du New Deal
Authors: Béland Daniel 
Published: June 2011

Dans son discours sur l’état de l’Union de janvier 1999, le président Clinton (1999) proposait de détourner soixante pour-cent des futurs surplus budgétaires fédéraux vers le fonds de réserve de la caisse d’assurance-vieillesse [Social Security trust fund].1 Cette proposition s’inscrit dans le cadre du débat sur le financement à long terme du programme fédéral d’assurance-vieillesse. Durant la dernière campagne présidentielle, cette question oppose d’ailleurs le candidat démocrate Al Gore à son adversaire républicain George W. Bush, qui propose la « privatisation » de ce programme (« Ducking the Hard One »). En raison de son importance économique et budgétaire, la question de l’avenir du plus imposant programme fédéral de protection sociale occupe donc une place essentielle dans la vie politique américaine contemporaine (Béland et Waddan 2000 ; Quadagno 1984).
Rathke cleft cysts in pediatric patients: presentation, surgical management, and postoperative outcomes
Authors: Jahangiri Arman , Molinaro Annette M. , Tarapore Phiroz E. , Blevins Lewis , Auguste Kurtis I. , Gupta Nalin , Kunwar Sandeep , Aghi Manish K. 
Published: July 2011

Object
Rathke cleft cysts (RCC) are benign sellar lesions most often found in adults, and more infrequently in children. They are generally asymptomatic but sometimes require surgical treatment through a transsphenoidal corridor. The purpose of this study was to compare adult versus pediatric cases of RCC.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed presenting symptoms, MR imaging findings, laboratory study results, and pathological findings in 147 adult and 14 pediatric patients who underwent surgery for treatment of RCCs at the University of Californial at San Francisco between 1996 and 2008.

Results
In both the adult and pediatric groups, most patients were female (78% of adults, 79% of pediatric patients, p = 0.9). Headache was the most common symptom in both groups (reported by 50% of pediatric patients and 33% of adults, p = 0.2). Preoperative hypopituitarism occurred in 41% of adults and 45% of pediatric patients (p = 0.8). Growth delay, a uniquely pediatric finding, was a presenting sign in 29% of pediatric patients. Visual complaints were a presenting symptom in 16% of adult and 7% of pediatric patients (p = 0.4). There was no difference between median cyst size in adults versus pediatric patients (1.2 cm in both, p = 0.7). Temporary or permanent postoperative diabetes insipidus occurred in 12% of adults and 21% of pediatric patients (p = 0.4). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed an 8% RCC recurrence rate at 2 years for each group (p = 0.5).

Conclusions
The incidence of RCCs is much lower in the pediatric population; however, symptoms, imaging findings, and outcomes are similar, suggesting that pediatric RCCs arise from growth of remnants of the embryonic Rathke pouch earlier in life than adult RCCs but do not differ in any other way. It is important to consider RCCs in the differential diagnosis when pediatric patients present with visual impairment, unexplained headache, or hypopituitarism including growth delay. Although the average RCC size was similar in our pediatric and adult patient groups, the smaller size of the pituitary gland in pediatric patients suggests an increased relative RCC size.
Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Promotes Peritoneal Fibrosis by Regulating Fibrocytes
Authors: Kokubo Satoshi , Sakai Norihiko , Furuichi Kengo , Toyama Tadashi , Kitajima Shinji , Okumura Toshiya , Matsushima Kouji , Kaneko Shuichi , Wada Takashi 
Published: July 2011

Background Peritoneal fibrosis is a serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis, and yet the precise pathogenic mechanisms of peritoneal fibrosis remain unknown. Fibrocytes participate in tissue fibrosis and express chemokine receptors that are necessary for migration. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway regulates the production of chemokines and has been demonstrated to contribute to the pathogenesis of various fibrotic conditions. Accordingly, we used an experimental mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis to examine the dependency of fibrocytes on p38MAPK signaling. Methods Peritoneal fibrosis was induced in mice by the injection of 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) into the abdominal cavity. Mice were treated with FR167653, a specific inhibitor of p38MAPK, and immunohistochemical studies were performed to detect fibrocytes and cells positive for phosphorylated p38MAPK. The involvement of p38MAPK in the activation of fibrocytes also was also investigated in vitro. Results Fibrocytes infiltrated peritoneum in response to CG, and that response was accompanied by progressive peritoneal fibrosis. The phosphorylation of p38MAPK, as defined by CD45+ spindle-shaped cells, was detected both in peritoneal mesothelial cells and in fibrocytes. The level of peritoneal expression of CCL2, a chemoattractant for fibrocytes, was upregulated by CG injection, and treatment with FR167653 reduced the number of cells positive for phosphorylated p38MAPK, the peritoneal expression of CCL2, and the extent of peritoneal fibrosis. Pretreatment with FR167653 inhibited the expression of procollagen type I α1 induced by transforming growth factor-β1 Conclusions Our results suggest that p38MAPK signaling contributes to peritoneal fibrosis by regulating fibrocyte function.
Immunological and Pathogenic Properties of Poliovirus Variants Selected for Resistance to Antiviral Drug V-073
Authors: Kouiavskaia Diana V , Dragunsky Eugenia M , Liu Hong-Mei , Oberste M Steven , Collett Marc S , Chumakov Konstantin M 
Published: June 2011

Background The National Research Council has recommended development of polio antiviral drugs to assist in management of outbreaks and to mitigate adverse consequences of vaccination. V-073 is a small molecule poliovirus capsid inhibitor that is being developed for these purposes. Antiviral use raises the potential of treatment-emergent resistance. Understanding virological consequences of resistance is important. Methods Six independent laboratory-derived V-073-resistant poliovirus variants were characterized for their ability to be neutralized by conventional vaccine-induced immune sera, to elicit serum neutralizing antibodies upon CD-1 mouse immunization, and to replicate in and to cause paralysis of TgPVR21 mice. Results V-073-resistant variants were effectively neutralized by oral poliovirus vaccine and inactivated poliovirus vaccine human immune sera. All variants elicited virus neutralizing antibody titres in CD-1 mice that were comparable to drug-susceptible parental and Sabin vaccine strain viruses. Infection efficiency of TgPVR21 mice by variants was comparable to (1 of 6 variants) or considerably lower than (5 of 6 variants) parental viruses. Drug-resistant variants replicated to levels comparable to (1 of 6 variants) or substantially less than (5 of 6 variants) their drug-susceptible parental viruses and were on average 1.4 log10 (range 0.3 to >2.8 log10) less neurovirulent. Conclusions Laboratory-derived V-073-resistant variants exhibit clear attenuation of pathogenic properties while maintaining immunological features of drug-susceptible viruses.
De la psychothérapie familiale à l'entretien familial systémique. De la demande intrafamiliale à la demande d'un tiers professionnel extérieur
Authors: Maestre Michel 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Les professionnels de la relation d’aide, qu’ils exercent dans le champ psychiatrique, social, judiciaire de la protection de l’enfance, ou dans des structures spécialisées pour enfants ou adultes handicapés, sont presque toujours confrontés à une situation paradoxale. En effet, leur mission professionnelle, leur mandat ou ceux du service dans lequel ils travaillent leur enjoignent de proposer une « aide contrainte » à des personnes qui n’ont pas demandé cette aide, ou qui la refusent avec véhémence. Comment est-il possible de recourir à l’aide contrainte voire même à l’injonction thérapeutique, tout en respectant le patient, sa famille et son entourage ? Au cours de cet article nous détaillerons plusieurs contextes d’intervention issus de l’approche familiale systémique, qui permettent de répondre à ces questions.
Du diabolique au symbolique, dans quel monde vivons-nous ?
Authors: Mugnier Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2011

Résumé La prise en charge de familles sous contrainte judiciaire oblige les intervenants à s’interroger sans cesse sur les stratégies, les processus relationnels à mettre en œuvre pour tenter de les convaincre d’accepter les aides qui leurs sont imposées. Dans cet article, je propose dans un premier temps d’envisager trois étapes susceptibles de favoriser cette affiliation en lien avec trois concepts ou apports théoriques : la théorie du common knowledge, le concept d’intersubjectivité et la notion d’attachement désorganisé. Dans un deuxième temps, nous verrons comment l’utilisation de certains objets flottants, en particulier le jeu de l’oie, peut favoriser l’élaboration d’un récit dans lequel inscrire les faits de violence qui ont nécessité l’intervention du magistrat. Ainsi, au-delà des aspects techniques, l’idée générale présentée dans cet article est que les intervenants doivent avant tout considérer leur fonction symbolique de passeurs d’humanité auprès de personnes qui bien souvent luttent pour garder leur place dans la communauté.
L'enfant abusé devient adulte : réflexions à partir de plusieurs situations traitées
Authors: Cirillo Stefano 
Published: June 2011

Résumé L’auteur analyse plusieurs cas cliniques pour réfléchir aux différentes conséquences d’un abus sexuel subi dans l’enfance sur le développement ultérieur de sujets masculins. Trois types d’évolution sont observés : la transformation classique de la victime en agresseur, son maintien dans une position de victime, et l’attitude de spectateur qui concerne les frères des victimes de sexe féminin. Les ressources du système d’attachement (fournies par le parent protecteur mais aussi par le parent abuseur) jouent un rôle déterminant dans l’évolution de l’enfant abusé, de même que l’impact terrorisant de l’événement traumatique.
La guerre contre le terrorisme : un succès incertain et coûteux
Authors: Andréani Gilles 
Published: June 2011

L’échec d’Al-Qaida était inscrit dans l’irréalisme de ses objectifs. Il fut accéléré par la « guerre contre le terrorisme » lancée par l’Administration Bush, la coopération internationale impulsée par Washington et la destruction d’Al-Qaida « central » en Afghanistan. L’échec irakien et l’enlisement de l’intervention en Afghanistan constituent pourtant une autre face de cette guerre, avec un coût financier, politique et moral lourd, qui découle sans doute d’une surestimation de la menace. politique étrangère
Toxicity of Polyhexanide and Hydrogen Peroxide on Human Chondrocytes In Vitro
Authors: Röhner Eric , Seeger Joern B. , Hoff Paula , Dähn-Wollenberg Stephanie , Perka Carsten , Matziolis Georg 
Published: June 2011

The treatment of acute joint infections has an important impact on long-term outcome and remains an unsolved problem. The most frequent bacteria are staphylococci, streptococci, and gram-negative bacteria. In septic surgery, polyhexanide and hydrogen peroxide are the most frequently used local antiseptics. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that antiseptics induce cell death of human chondrocytes after a short incubation time.
Human chondrocytes were treated with different concentrations of polyhexanide and hydrogen peroxide. Toxicity analysis was determined by visualization of cell structure using light microscopy, lactate dehydrogenase release, and determination of living and total cell numbers after addition of polyhexanide and hydrogen peroxide. Light microscopic data revealed a defect cell structure after addition of both antiseptics. Lactate dehydrogenase activity showed a significant increase of enzyme expression after a short incubation with polyhexanide. The determination of vital chondrocytes showed a significant decrease of vital and total cell numbers after addition with polyhexanide and hydrogen peroxide.
Both antiseptic solutions induce significant cell death of human chondrocytes after a short incubation time. Polyhexanide possibly has more toxic potential than hydrogen peroxide against human chondrocytes after an application >15 minutes. Therefore, both substances should only be applied for a short time (<15 minutes) and the joint irrigated to wash out the antiseptic substance prior to wound closure.
Lumbar Ligamentum Flavum Hematoma Treated With Endoscopy
Authors: Ohba Tetsuro , Ebata Shigeto , Ando Takashi , Ichikawa Jiro , Clinton Devin , Haro Hirotaka 
Published: June 2011

Hematoma of the ligamentum flavum is a rare cause of neural compression, for which treatment has consisted of excising the hematoma via open surgical approaches, including total laminectomy or bilateral partial laminectomy. This article presents the first report of a microscope-assisted endoscopic decompression to resect a hematoma of the ligamentum flavum.
A 52-year-old man presented with back and leg pain, as well as difficulty initiating micturation. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an epidural mass at L5/S1 that was continuous with the facet joint. Visualization was obtained via an endoscope, and a reddish tan-brown solid mass was found beneath the ligamentum flavum. Thorough decompression of the cauda equine and nerve roots was undertaken. The patient’s radicular leg pain and bladder function improved soon after the decompression. Histological examination of the ligamentum flavum revealed a consolidated hematoma with granulomatous change.
A review of the English literature revealed 29 cases of hematoma in the lumbar ligamentum flavum. Surgical decompression in these patients was accomplished with a standard open approach through hemilaminectomy (n=11), total laminectomy (n=10), or laminectomy followed by posterior fixation (n=3). The literature review did not identify any case of hematoma of the lumbar ligamentum flavum that was treated endoscopically. We expect our case may expand the indications for the endoscope in spine surgery.