bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro bioactivity of 70 wt.% SiO2 — 30 wt.% CaO sol-gel glass, doped with 1, 3 and 5 wt.% NbF5
Authors: Radev Lachezar , Hristova Katia , Jordanov Valery , Fernandes Maria , Salvado Isabel 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The 70SiO2-30CaO (wt.%) sol-gel glasses doped with 1, 3 and 5 NbF5 (wt.%) were prepared via polystep sol-gel route. The synthesized glasses were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM. Changes in 1.5 SBF solutions were measured by ICP-AES. XRD of the glasses stabilized at 700°C for 6 hours proved the presence of niocalite. FTIR was consistent with XRD data. The in vitro bioactivity study of all glasses prepared were carried out by soaking in 1.5 simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) at 37°C for 6 and 12 days in static conditions. The FTIR reveals the formation of A-type and B-type carbonate containing hydroxyapatite (CO3HA) layer. Changes in 1.5 SBF solutions, after 6 days of soaking, show that the Ca concentration increased significantly, compared to the initial Ca content in the 1.5 SBF solution before in vitro test. After 12 days of immersion, the Ca concentration decreased, i.e., the formation of HA phase consumed Ca from 1.5 SBF solution. For all soaking times, the concentration of P is much lower than that the used 1.5 SBF. Based on these results we suggest that Ca and P play an active role in the future of the glasses. SEM depicts that the different morphology of hydroxyapatite can be formed as a function of soaking time.
Theoretical study of the conformational energy hypersurface of cyclotrisarcosyl
Authors: Alvarez Maria , Saavedra Edgardo , Olivella Mónica , Suvire Fernando , Zamora Miguel , Enriz Ricardo 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The multidimensional Conformational Potential Energy Hypersurface (PEHS) of cyclotrisarcosyl was comprehensively investigated at the DFT (B3LYP/6-31G(d), B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)), levels of theory. The equilibrium structures, their relative stability, and the Transition State (TS) structures involved in the conformational interconversion pathways were analyzed. Aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) single point calculations predict a symmetric cis-cis-cis crown conformation as the energetically preferred form for this compound, which is in agreement with the experimental data. The conformational interconversion between the global minimum and the twist form requires 20.88 kcal mol-1 at the MP2/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Our results allow us to form a concise idea about the internal intricacies of the PEHSs of this cyclic tripeptide, describing the conformations as well as the conformational interconversion processes in this hypersurface. In addition, a comparative analysis between the conformational behaviors of cyclotrisarcosyl with that previously reported for cyclotriglycine was carried out
Air Temperature and Precipitation Changes in the Kaffiøyra Region (NW Spitsbergen) from 1975 to 2010
Authors: Przybylak Rajmund , Kejna Marek , Araźny Andrzej 
Published: November 2011

Air Temperature and Precipitation Changes in the Kaffiøyra Region (NW Spitsbergen) from 1975 to 2010
Air temperature and precipitation conditions in the Kaffiøyra region in the summer season (21st July-31st August) for the period of 1975-2010 are described: 1) on the basis of data gathered in 18 expeditions during which meteorological measurements were done, and 2) on the basis of complete series of data combining both original and reconstructed data. The latter ones were obtained using data from Ny Ålesund meteorological station, which are strongly correlated with the data from Kaffiøyra. Seasonal statistics presented for air temperature and precipitation based on these two sets of data reveal only slight changes. Temperature parameters (daily mean, maximum and minimum) for summer in Kaffiøyra in the study period (1975-2010) show upward trends, which are, however, statistically significant only for the daily mean. On the other hand, precipitation totals in the study period reveal a downward trend, but not statistically significant. Such thermal-precipitation behaviour in the study part of Spitsbergen in general terms is similar to those in other parts of Spitsbergen.
Metacognition and Multiple Strategies in a Cognitive Model of Online Control
Authors: Reitter David 
Published: November 2011

Metacognition and Multiple Strategies in a Cognitive Model of Online Control
We present a cognitive model performing the Dynamic Stocks&Flows control task, in which subjects control a system by counteracting a systematically changing external variable. The model uses a metacognitive layer that chooses a task strategy drawn from of two classes of strategies: precise calculation and imprecise estimation. The model, formulated within the ACT-R theory, monitors the success of each strategy continuously using instance-based learning and blended retrieval from declarative memory. The model underspecifies other portions of the task strategies, whose timing was determined as unbiased estimate from empirical data. The model's predictions were evaluated on data collected from novel experimental conditions, which did not inform the model's development and included discontinuous and noisy environmental change functions and a control delay. The model as well as the data show sudden changes in subject error and general learning of control; the model also correctly predicted oscillations of plausible magnitude. With its predictions, the model ranked first among the entries to the 2009 Dynamic Stocks&Flows modeling challenge.
Keep it simple - A case study of model development in the context of the Dynamic Stocks and Flows (DSF) task
Authors: Halbrügge Marc 
Published: November 2011

Keep it simple - A case study of model development in the context of the Dynamic Stocks and Flows (DSF) taskThis paper describes the creation of a cognitive model submitted to the ‘Dynamic Stocks and Flows’ (DSF) modeling challenge. This challenge aims at comparing computational cognitive models for human behavior during an open ended control task. Participants in the modeling competition were provided with a simulation environment and training data for benchmarking their models while the actual specification of the competition task was withheld. To meet this challenge, the cognitive model described here was designed and optimized for generalizability. Only two simple assumptions about human problem solving were used to explain the empirical findings of the training data. In-depth analysis of the data set prior to the development of the model led to the dismissal of correlations or other parametric statistics as goodness-of-fit indicators. A new statistical measurement based on rank orders and sequence matching techniques is being proposed instead. This measurement, when being applied to the human sample, also identifies clusters of subjects that use different strategies for the task. The acceptability of the fits achieved by the model is verified using permutation tests.
Validating Computational Cognitive Process Models across Multiple Timescales
Authors: Myers Christopher , Gluck Kevin , Gunzelmann Glenn , Krusmark Michael 
Published: November 2011

Validating Computational Cognitive Process Models across Multiple TimescalesModel comparison is vital to evaluating progress in the fields of artificial general intelligence (AGI) and cognitive architecture. As they mature, AGI and cognitive architectures will become increasingly capable of providing a single model that completes a multitude of tasks, some of which the model was not specifically engineered to perform. These models will be expected to operate for extended periods of time and serve functional roles in real-world contexts. Questions arise regarding how to evaluate such models appropriately, including issues pertaining to model comparison and validation. In this paper, we specifically address model validation across multiple levels of abstraction, using an existing computational process model of unmanned aerial vehicle basic maneuvering to illustrate the relationship between validity and timescales of analysis.
Woman and Authority in Ian McEwan’s “Conversation with a Cupboard Man” and Its Film Adaptation
Authors: Sumera Adam 
Published: November 2011

The paper analyzes Ian McEwan's short story "Conversation with a Cupboard Man" (published in 1975) and its film adaptation made in Poland by director Mariusz Grzegorzek in 1993. In many works McEwan shows women in more positive light than men. This short story, however, deals with a mother's total domination of her son's life. The text is in the form of first-person narration of the son but it is the figure of the mother that is of utmost importance.
The protagonist describes his life from his childhood. His mother wanted him to remain a baby as long as possible, depriving him of free will and leaving him totally dependent on her. Her attitude changed when she found a partner. The protagonist, now seventeen, had rapidly to grow up from a baby into an adult. Childhood and total passivity remain for him ideals to be pursued, and a cramped cupboard becomes his favourite environment. The influence of his upbringing remains with him for ever. After analyzing the short story the paper explores parallels to other works by McEwan and other writers. The importance of the use of the indeterminate article in the title is discussed. Attention is given to the issue of defamiliarization. And the ambivalent attitude of the protagonist towards his mother is examined.
The second part of the paper deals with the film adaptation. Grzegorzek has imaginatively developed the short story into a full-blown feature film. It preserves most of the important elements of the short story, at the same time providing new material largely in keeping with the original's tone. The director not only extrapolates, inventing new scenes to fill in the short story's unspoken gaps but also skilfully changes the narrator's comments into scenes, and this is not purely a change from telling into showing. The paper discusses the imagery of the movie, especially Oedipal motifs, references to Christ, and the impression of blood-red lips. It stresses the stronger role of the teacher from the home (Smith in the text) and his influence on the only independent action of the protagonist—the revenge on Pus-face. It is also important that the film omits any verbal expression of the protagonist's hatred towards his mother.
Feminist Auto/biography as a Means of Empowering Women: A Case Study of Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and Janet Frame’s Faces in the Water
Authors: Fisiak Tomasz 
Published: November 2011

Feminism, as a political, social and cultural movement, pays much attention to the importance of text. Text is the carrier of important thoughts, truths, ideas. It becomes a means of empowering women, a support in their fight for free expression, equality, intellectual emancipation. By "text" one should understand not only official documents, manifestos or articles. The term also refers to a wide range of literary products—poetry, novels, diaries. The language of literature enables female authors to omit obstacles and constraints imposed by the phallogocentric world, a world dominated by masculine propaganda. Through writing, female authors have an opportunity to liberate their creative potential and regain the territory for unlimited expression. In order to produce a truly powerful text, they resort to a variety of writing styles and techniques. Here the notions of a situated knowledge and context sensitivity prove useful. There are three methodologies working within situated knowledge, namely, the politics of location, self-reflexivity and feminist auto/biography. All of them regard text as a fundamental tool to signify one's authority, yet feminist auto/biography, a concept widely discussed by the British theorist Liz Stanley, appears to be the most empowering mode of writing. It challenges the overused genre of auto/biography and reconstructs its role within feminist epistemologies, thus creating a favourable environment for text production. The works by Sylvia Plath and Janet Frame can be analyzed from the point of view of auto/biographical empowerment, even though their auto/biographical potential is mainly instinctive. Nevertheless, they help to comprehend the strength of the auto/biographical.
The aim of this article is to "investigate" two novels by these authors, The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath and Faces in the Water by Janet Frame, and their compatibility with Stanley's concept. The paper attempts to answer several questions. Are these novels actual feminist auto/biographies or rather fictional auto/biographies with feminist undertones? What kind of narrative strategy is used to achieve the effect of authority over the text? Last but not least, what is the function of auto/biographical narration in the case of these two novels? The article also explores the idea of writing as a means of regaining control over one's life (with references to the authors' biographies and parallels between their lives and lives of their fictive alter egos).
One, Mad Hornpipe: Dance as a Tool of Subversion in Brian Friel’s Molly Sweeney
Authors: Ojrzyńska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2011

The plot of Brian Friel's Molly Sweeney oscillates around the theme of perception, blindness and eye-sight recovery. Although visually impaired, the eponymous character is a self-reliant and independent person who is very active, both professionally and socially. What serves as the source of tragedy in the play is the male desire to compensate for Molly's physical disability perceived as a sign of deficiency and oddity that needs to be normalized. Prompted by her husband, Molly decides to undergo a surgery which gives her a chance to regain sight and, thus, become a part of the world of the visually abled. Yet, subsequent to the operation, Molly cannot adapt herself to the new reality and develops a medical condition called blindsight, which leads to her final alienation and confusion.
Focusing predominantly on the main character of the play, this paper examines the ways in which Molly Sweeney experiences the surrounding world and seeks satisfaction and self-fulfilment through physical activities, such as swimming or dancing, which she vividly describes in her monologues. It explores the double nature of Molly who, despite her self-sufficiency, capacity for rebellion and a sense of autonomy, seems prone to male manipulation exercised at first by her father, later by her husband Frank and doctor Rice. Her expression of independence becomes particularly conspicuous in the scene of a party organized the night before her surgery when she performs a wild and frantic hornpipe, which serves as a form of momentary upheaval and a visualization of the outburst of extreme emotions. Although the dance is not presented onstage, it has a crucial function in the play, for it serves as its powerful climax, after which Molly experiences gradual deterioration.
Interpreted in the context of the history of Irish dance, the mad hornpipe appears replete with meanings and allusions. Traditionally associated with human sexuality and the female element, dance was often treated by the Irish clergy with a great deal of distrust as a source of evil and moral corruption. Consequently, like in the case of the frenzied reel in another famous Frielian play, Dancing at Lughnasa, the limitless and unrestricted performance in the climactic scene of Molly Sweeney may be seen as a tool of subversion and female opposition to the Irish patriarchal order. It is a unique moment in which the protagonist seizes male power and gains full, though very temporary, control over her life.
1 - Les fondements de la Socioéconométrie
Authors: Thiombiano Taladidia 
Published: November 2011

Cet article se présente comme un approfondissement de la réflexion dans mon œuvre Vers une approche en économie politique : la Socioéconométrie (1997). C’est une réflexion épistémologique relative à la construction de l’économie fondée sur le fait économique. Nous essayons de montrer qu’au regard de la complexité de ce fait économique qui, à l’origine est un acte social, il est impor- tant pour comprendre la réalité économique de se fonder sur la démarche multidimensionnelle. À cet effet, nous avons rappelé quelques constructions de théories économiques et les faits qui ont permis ces constructions. Un examen approfondi de ces théories montre l’importance de l’espace et du temps. Toute- fois, il ne s’agit pas du temps et de l’espace classiques, mais des concepts vus sous l’angle de leur dépérissement ou non dans leur attribution à l’économie. La combinaison espace/temps permet de mieux comprendre la réalité économique en tant que totalité systémique. La systématisation du fait économique conduit à considérer tout fait économique comme ayant des considérations sociologi- ques et tout fait sociologique comme ayant des incidences économiques. Enfin, la réflexion nous a conduit à examiner le rôle de l’Économétrie comme support dans l’approfondissement et la compréhension des théories économiques.
Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, is effective in vitro against non‐hodgkin lymphoma and synergizes with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vijay , Timm Michael , Haug Jessica L. , Kimlinger Teresa K. , Halling Timothy , Wellik Linda E. , Witzig Thomas E. , Vincent Rajkumar S. , Adjei Alex A. , Kumar Shaji 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNon‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) represents a heterogenous group of neoplasias originating from lymphoid cells. Increased angiogenesis and expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR) have been found to be associated with NHL disease progression. Increase in VEGF and other cytokines stimulate signaling cascades, including the Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk pathway, resulting in increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Here, we report the in vitro antilymphoma activity of sorafenib, an inhibitor of VEGFR and Raf kinase. Sorafenib induced potent cytotoxicity in NHL cell lines and patient samples. This induction of cytotoxicity was associated with a corresponding increase in apoptotic cell death. Mechanism of action of sorafenib was investigated in follicular (DoHH2) and Burkitt lymphoma (Raji) cell lines. pStat3, pAkt, Mcl1, and Xiap were downregulated in both cell lines, whereas pErk decreased in Raji but not in DoHH2 cells following sorafenib treatment. IL6 was unable to prevent sorafenib induced repression of pStat3, pAkt, Mcl1, and Bcl‐Xl. Sorafenib in combination with an mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin demonstrated synergy in inducing cytotoxicity in NHL cells. Sorafenib/rapamycin combination resulted in downregulation of pAkt, pmTOR, p‐p70S6K, p4EBP1, pGSK3β, Mcl1, and Bcl‐Xl. On the basis of our results, a clinical trial is underway using sorafenib with everolimus in NHL patients., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optochemische Genetik
Authors: Fehrentz Timm , Schönberger Matthias , Trauner Dirk 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTransmembranrezeptoren ermöglichen die Kommunikation zwischen Zellen und ihrer Umgebung. Die Stimuli, die diese Rezeptoren aktivieren, treten in Form von Änderungen der Ligandenkonzentration (z. B. Hormone oder Neurotransmitter), der Temperatur, des Drucks (z. B. Schallwellen oder Berührungen), des Transmembranpotentials oder der Lichtintensität auf. Viele Transmembranrezeptoren sind heutzutage in atomarer Auflösung charakterisiert, und unser Verständnis ihrer funktionellen Eigenschaften hat sich in vergangenen Jahren deutlich verbessert. Infolgedessen können diese hochentwickelten molekularen Maschinen umprogrammiert und gegenüber unnatürlichen Reizen sensibilisiert werden. In diesem Aufsatz zeigen wir, wie spannungs‐ und ligandengesteuerte Ionenkanäle mit synthetischen Lichtschaltern ausgestattet werden können. Die daraus resultierenden künstlichen Lichtrezeptoren können genutzt werden, um neurale Aktivität mit einer außergewöhnlichen zeitlichen und räumlichen Präzision optisch zu kontrollieren. Sie sind bereits erfolgreich in lebenden Systemen eingesetzt worden und könnten in Zukunft bei der Wiederherstellung des Sehprozesses und der optischen Kontrolle anderer Sinneswahrnehmungen Anwendung finden. Die Kombination von synthetischen Photoschaltern und Rezeptorproteinen erweitert das Feld der Optogenetik. Darüber hinaus verleiht sie der chemischen Genetik eine neue Dimension, weswegen wir vorschlagen, diesen Forschungsansatz “optochemische Genetik” zu nennen.
Fluorescence enhancement of rare earth Tb(III) by Tm(III) in benzyl benzoylmethyl sulphoxide complexes
Authors: Li Wen‐Xian , Chai Wen‐Juan , Liu Yu , Li Ying‐Jie , Ren Tie , Zhang Jing , Ao Bo‐Yang 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTA series of rare earth complexes [(TbxTmy)L5(ClO4)2](ClO4)·3H2O (x:y = 1.000:0.000, 0.999:0.001, 0.995:0.005, 0.990:0.010, 0.950:0.050, 0.900:0.100, 0.800:0.200, 0.700:0.300; L = C6H5CH2SOCH2COC6H5) (Tb(III) luminescence ion; Tm(III) doped inert ion) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra (IR) and 1H‐NMR. The photophysical properties of these complexes were studied in detail using ultraviolet absorption spectra, fluorescent spectra and lifetimes. The fluorescence spectra of complexes indicated that the fluorescence emission intensity was significantly enhanced by Tm(III). The complexes showed the best luminescence properties when the mole ratio Tb(III):Tm(III) was 0.990:0.010. The fluorescence intensity could be increased to 390%. Additionally, phosphorescence spectra and the luminescence mechanisms are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rapid and sensitive determination of aucubin in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetic application
Authors: Xu Wei , Deng Zhipeng , Guo Hong , Ling Peixue 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTA sensitive, accurate, rapid and robust LC‐MS‐MS method for the quantification of aucubin, a major bioactive constituent of Aucuba japonica, Eucommia ulmoides and Plantago asiatica, was established and validated in rat plasma. Plasma samples were simply precipitated by adding methanol and the supernatant was chromatographed by a Diamonsil® C18(2) column with the mobile phase comprising a mixture of 10 mm ammonium acetate in methanol and that in water with the ratio of 50:50 (v/v). Quantification of aucubin was performed by mass spectrometry in the multiple‐reaction monitoring mode with positive atmospheric ionization at m/z 364 → 149 for aucubin, and m/z 380 → 165 for catalpol (IS), respectively. The retention time was 2.47 and 2.44 min for aucubin and the IS, respectively. The calibration curve (10.0–30,000 ng/mL) was linear (r2 > 0.99) and the lower limit of quantification was 10.0 ng/mL in the rat plasma sample. The method showed satisfactory results such as sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, recovery, freeze–thaw and long‐term stability. This simple LC‐MS method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study carried out in Sprague–Dawley rats after oral administration of aucubin at a single dose of 50 mg/kg. Herein the pharmacokinetic study of aucubin is reported for the first time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.