bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apoptotic mechanism of paclitaxel‐induced cell death in human head and neck tumor cell lines
Authors: Hsiao J.‐R. , Leu S.‐F. , Huang B.‐M. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Paclitaxel (taxol) is clinically used to treat various human tumors. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism regarding apoptotic effect of paclitaxel on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains elusive.Methods:  The apoptotic effect and the mechanism of paclitaxel on FaDu hypopharyngeal cancer cell line, OEC‐M1 gingival cancer cell line, and OC3 betel quid chewing‐related buccal cancer cell lines were investigated by morphological observations, cell viability assay, flow cytometry assay and Western blotting methods.Results:  Rounded‐up cell number increased with membrane blebbing as the treatment of paclitaxel (50–500 nM) increased from 24 to 48 h among these cell lines. In cell viability assay, cell surviving rate significantly decreased from 87 to 27% as the dosage and duration of paclitaxel treatment increased (P < 0.05). Flow‐cytometry analysis further demonstrated that 50 nM paclitaxel induced G2/M phase cell arrest among these cell lines within 8 h treatment, and then G2/M phase cell fraction significantly decreased as subG1 phase cell fraction significantly increased after 24 h treatment (P < 0.05), suggesting that cells underwent apoptosis. Furthermore, the activated caspases‐8, ‐9, ‐3, ‐6 and poly ADP‐ribose polymerase cleavage could all be significantly detected in FaDu, OEC‐M1 and OC3 cells (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Paclitaxel activated cell cycle arrest and caspase protein expressions to induce apoptosis in HNSCC cell lines.
Alpha lipoic acid in burning mouth syndrome – a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Cavalcanti Desirée Rosa , Da Silveira Fernando Ricardo Xavier 
Published: August 2010

The burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition characterized by oral burning pain in the absence of clinical abnormalities and without established therapy.Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in the management of BMS symptoms through a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial.Methods:  Thirty‐eight patients (34 women and four men, median age 62.9 years, range 36–78) were included and 31 completed the study. The patients were randomized into two cycles of treatment: one with alpha lipoic acid and one with placebo both administered in identical capsules. These cycles were separated by a washout period of 20 days. The oral symptoms and the treatment response were assessed using a 100‐mm visual analog scale before and after each cycle and the global perceived effect score, using a 5‐point scale after each treatment cycle.Results:  The level of reduction on burning was significant for both treatments (paired t‐test: P < 0.05; rp = 0.011; ral < 0.001). Considering the two cycles together, 22 patients reported at least some improvement after ALA use and 23 patients after placebo.Conclusions:  Comparison of the oral assessment scores of the two cycles failed to demonstrate the effectiveness of ALA over placebo (t‐test: P > 0.05; r = 0.75).
Effects of thalidomide on DMBA‐induced oral carcinogenesis in hamster with respect to angiogenesis
Authors: Yang Y. , Ge J.‐P. , Zhou Z.‐T. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Thalidomide has been shown to have anti‐angiogenic effects in pre‐clinical models as well as a significant antitumor effect in hematologic tumors. However, the effects of thalidomide on oral pre‐malignant lesions and oral carcinogenesis remain unexplored. The authors aimed to investigate the chemopreventive effect of thalidomide on 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters with respect to angiogenesis.Methods: Seventy male Syrian golden hamsters were randomly divided into five groups, with two of 20 and three of 10. DMBA solution (0.5% in acetone) was applied topically to the left cheek pouch of male Syrian golden hamsters in group A and B, while animals in group C were painted with acetone, three times a week for 6 weeks. For the next 18 weeks, animals in group B and D received thalidomide daily (40 mg/kg body weight/day) by gavage, animals in group A and C received same volume of saline. Animals in group E received no treatment and served as blank control. At the end of the experiment, animals were killed and tissue samples were collected for examinations.Results: Thalidomide significantly decreased the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) incidence from 57.9 to 11.8%; angiogenesis was inhibited in dysplasia and SCC. The gene expression of vascular endothelium growth factor and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α was downregulated.Conclusions: Thalidomide has inhibitory effect against the malignant transformation of oral pre‐cancerous lesion and angiogenesis during oral carcinogenesis. Such inhibition is related to its modulation of TNF‐α.
Influence of borneol on primary mice oral fibroblasts: a penetration enhancer may be used in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Dai Jian‐Ping , Chen Jun , Bei Yu‐Fei , Han Bang‐Xing , Wang Sheng 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Borneol, a widely used food and cosmetics additive, has analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial and penetration enhancing effects. We try to use it as a penetration enhancer for a formula which we have used to treat oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). To assess its safety, we investigate its effects on primary mice oral fibroblasts.Methods:  Primary mice oral fibroblasts were cultured, the effects of borneol on fibroblasts proliferation, cytotoxicity, collagen production, matrix metalloproteinases‐2,9 (MMP‐2,9) activities and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP‐1) production were tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, lactic dehydrogenase activity assay, chloramine T method, gelatin zymography and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results:  Borneol, from 18.75 to 300 μg/ml, could significantly (P < 0.05) decrease the growth of fibroblasts and very significantly (P < 0.01) inhibit collagen production in a concentration dependant manner. From 18.75 to 150 μg/ml, borneol had no cytotoxicity on mice oral fibroblasts. Moreover borneol could significantly (P < 0.05) decrease MMP‐2 activity, and very significantly (P < 0.01) inhibit TIMP‐1 production.Conclusions:  This study indicates that borneol has anti‐fibrosis activity and the mechanism may partly be relevant to its inhibiting effects on fibroblasts mitosis, collagen and TIMP‐1 production. It can be safely used as a penetration enhancer for our formula to treat OSF.
Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings in oral Kaposi's sarcoma in a series of Mexican AIDS patients. Comparative study
Authors: Ramírez‐Amador V. , Martínez‐Mata G. , González‐Ramírez I. , Anaya‐Saavedra G. , De Almeida O. P. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The origin of spindle cells (SC) in oral Kaposi’s sarcoma (OKS) is still an intriguing aspect. Thus the aim of the present study was to compare the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of OKS and oral pyogenic granuloma (OPG), in order to contribute to the knowledge of the cells involved in Kaposi′s sarcoma pathogenesis.Methods:  In this retrospective, observational and comparative study, 39 OKS and 30 OPG cases were included. Immunohistochemical studies were performed for vimentin, αSMA, desmin, C‐kit, CD34, D2‐40 and LANA‐1 [human herpesvirus‐8(HHV‐8)]. Statistical comparisons were done using the chi‐square and Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney rank sum tests.Results:  Fourteen (35.9%) OKS cases also affected the skin, and 83.8% involved the palate. All OKS and OPG were positive for vimentin and CD34. OKS samples were positive for αSMA, and 25.6% expressed C‐kit. All OKS cases were positive for HHV‐8, and the number of positive cells increased significantly from early / intermediate to late histological stage. D2‐40 was expressed in the cellular component and vascular walls of all OKS cases, but it was negative in OPG. HHV‐8 expression was increased in late histological stages of OKS lesions.Conclusions:  The expression of D2‐40 marker in the vascular walls and SC supports the view of a lymphatic differentiation in neoplastic cells of OKS. Desmin, αSMA, D2‐40, C‐kit and HHV‐8 were the main markers differently expressed in OKS and OPG.
Toll‐like receptor activity in Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration
Authors: Borra Ricardo Carneiro , De Mesquita Barros Fabiana , De Andrade Lotufo Mônica , Villanova Fabiolla Elizabeth , Andrade Priscila Maria 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are membrane proteins that recognize conserved molecules derived from bacterial, virus, fungal or host tissues. Activation of TLRs causes the production of cytokines that mediate inflammatory responses and drive T helper (Th) 1 and 2 cell development. As an exaggerated Th1 immune response is supposed to be involved in pathogenesis of Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration (RAU), we suggest that RAU patients may have an imbalance in TLR pathways.Methods:  To study the function of TLR activation ex vivo, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RAU patients (n = 17) and controls (n = 17) were exposed to TLR2 [lipoteichoic acid (LTA), heat‐killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKLM) and PamC3CSK4], TLR3 [Poly(I:C)], TLR4 [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], TLR5 (flagellin) and TLR7 (imiquimod) ligands, and the time course of supernatant tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels was quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, serological and salivary TNF‐α and soluble CD14 levels were quantified. The TNF‐α produced by PBMCs in contact with each TLR ligand and autologous serum or saliva at the same time was also investigated. The data were analyzed by statistical multivariate tests.Results:  The control group had a higher response to LTA, whereas RAU had a higher response to HKLM. LTA and LPS interfered with the salivary stimulation of the RAU PBMC and HKLM with the stimulation of the control. Autologous serum was capable of inhibiting TLR2 responsiveness to LTA and enhancing LPS stimulation. Salivary and serological levels of sCD14 and TNF‐α were not significantly different.Conclusion:  Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration patients have an anomalous activity of the TLR2 pathway that probably influences the stimulation of an abnormal Th1 immune response.
Matrix metalloproteinase 7 and perlecan in oral epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ: an aid for histopathologic recognition of their cell proliferation centers
Authors: Tilakaratne W. M. , Kobayashi T. , Ida‐Yonemochi H. , Swelam W. , Yamazaki M. , Mikami T. , Alvarado C. G. , Shahidul A. Md. , Maruyama S. , Cheng J. , Saku T. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  As one of the valuable tools for differential diagnoses of oral epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (CIS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we have proposed the immunohistochemistry for perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). As HSPGs have been shown to be extracellular docking molecules for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 7, our aim was to determine the expression mode of MMP‐7 in these lesions for its possible diagnostic aid for oral borderline malignancies.Methods:  Twenty cases each of moderate dysplasia, CIS, SCC, and normal/hyperplastic/mild dysplastic epithelia of the tongue and buccal mucosa were immunohistochemically examined for MMP‐1, ‐2 and ‐7 in reference to their perlecan immunolocalization.Results:  The expression of all three MMPs in the normal mucosal epithelium was restricted mainly to the parabasal layers. The most striking finding was strong expression of MMP‐7 in epithelial dysplasia with a two‐phase appearance: a clear demarcation of MMP‐7‐immunopositive (+) lower dysplastic/basaloid cells from non‐positive upper keratinized cells. MMP‐7+ cells were spread over the whole epithelial layer of CIS. In SCC, MMP‐7 positivity was reduced from carcinoma cells but instead appeared in stromal cells. These expression profiles of MMP‐7 resembled those of perlecan. MMP‐1 and MMP‐2 exhibited a similar but much weaker staining than MMP‐7.Conclusion:  These results suggest that the enhanced metabolism of perlecan associated with MMP‐7 plays an important role in the cell proliferation of oral epithelia in their malignant transformation process, and that MMP‐7 immunohistochemistry may be a valuable aid for identification of the cell proliferation center in oral CIS and dysplasia.
Treatment with levamisole and colchicine can result in a significant reduction of IL‐6, IL‐8 or TNF‐α level in patients with mucocutaneous type of Behcet’s disease
Authors: Sun Andy , Wang Yi‐Ping , Chia Jean‐San , Liu Bu‐Yuan , Chiang Chun‐Pin 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Mucocutaneous type of Behcet’s disease (MCBD) is a multisystemic inflammatory disease with oral and genital ulcers with or without skin lesions.Methods:  A solid phase, two‐site sequential chemiluminescent immunometric assay was used to measure serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in 54 normal control subjects and in 64 MCBD patients before and after treatment with levamisole plus colchicine.Results:  We found that 67%, 83% or 67% of MCBD patients had a serum IL‐6, IL‐8 or TNF‐α level greater than the upper normal limit of 4.7, 8.7 or 7.4 pg/ml, respectively. The mean serum level of IL‐6 (9.9 ± 2.4 pg/ml, P < 0.005), IL‐8 (107.5 ± 21.4 pg/ml, P < 0.001) or TNF‐α (22.5 ± 4.1 pg/ml, P < 0.001) in 64 MCBD patients was significantly higher than that (2.1 ± 0.2, 5.7 ± 0.2 or 3.8 ± 0.2 pg/ml for IL‐6, IL‐8 or TNF‐α level, respectively) in normal control subjects. In 43 MCBD patients with all the serum IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α levels higher than their upper normal limits, treatment with levamisole plus colchicine for a period of 0.5–11.5 (mean, 3.2 ± 2.4) months could significantly reduce the mean serum IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α levels from 9.0 ± 1.7 to 1.6 ± 0.2 pg/ml (P < 0.001), 134.6 ± 28.2–6.0 ± 0.4 pg/ml (P < 0.001) and 25.7 ± 5.6–3.5 ± 0.4 pg/ml (P < 0.001), respectively.Conclusions:  Treatment with levamisole and colchicine can result in a significant reduction of serum IL‐6, IL‐8 or TNF‐α level in MCBD patients.
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY TO STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN A DETECTED BY LEUCOCYTE MIGRATION INHIBITION
Authors: Helgeland Svein M. , æss Ragnar R. N. , Grov Arne 
Published: August 2010

Helgeland, S. M., Nsess, R. R. & Grov, A. Delayed hypersensitivity to staphylococcal protein A detected by leucocyte migration inhibition. Acta path, microbiol. scand. Sect. C, 83: 15–18, 1975.Delayed hypersensitivity to staphylococcal protein A was indicated by the migration inhibition reaction (MIR), using peritoneal cells from protein A sensitized guinea pigs. No cross‐reactivity between protein A, polysaccharide A and peptidoglycan was found. Peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan 1 inhibited almost completely the migration of cells from both sensitized and unsensitized cells.
IS THE DIABETOGENIC EFFECT OF STREPTOZOTOCIN IN PART THYMUS‐DEPENDENT?
Authors: Buschard Karsten , Rygaard JøRgen 
Published: August 2010

Following a single injection of 200 mg streptozotocin/kg BW, 25 out of 25 normal mice became diabetic, whereas 12 (= 20%) out of 59 athymic nude mice didnotdevelop diabetes.In a multiple dosage experiment, where the same total dose was given over a 5 days period, 14 normal and 15 athymic nude mice all became diabetic, but nude mice had significantly lower blood glucose values. These results support our previous suggestion that a thymus dependent immune reaction is, in part, responsible for the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin.
The health benefits following regular ongoing exercise lifestyle in independent community‐dwelling older Taiwanese adults
Authors: Wang Ching‐Yi , Yeh Chih‐Jung , Wang Chia‐Wei , Wang Chun‐Feng , Lin Yen‐Ling 
Published: August 2010

Aim:  To examine the effect of regular ongoing exercise lifestyle on mental and physical health in a group of independent community‐dwelling Taiwanese older adults over a 2‐year period.Methods:  197 older adults (mean age 72.5 years; 106 men and 91 women) who were independent in walking, instrumental and basic activities of daily living completed the baseline and a 2‐year follow‐up assessment. Older adults regularly performing exercises during the 2‐year study period were grouped into regular exercise group; otherwise in the irregular exercise group. Baseline and follow‐up assessments included a face‐to‐face interview and a battery of performance tests.Results:  The regular exercise group showed significantly less depression (P= 0.03) and tended to regress less on the performance tests (P= 0.025–0.410) across 2 years compared to the irregular exercise group.Conclusion:  Regular exercise is important for maintaining or even improving mental and functional health, even for independent community‐dwelling older adults.
The 13Carbon footprint of B[e] supergiants
Authors: Liermann A. , Kraus M. , Schnurr O. , Fernandes M. Borges 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
We report on the first detection of 13C enhancement in two B[e] supergiants (B[e]SGs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Stellar evolution models predict the surface abundance in 13C to strongly increase during main-sequence and post-main-sequence evolution of massive stars. However, direct identification of chemically processed material on the surface of B[e]SGs is hampered by their dense, disc-forming winds, hiding the stars. Recent theoretical computations predict the detectability of enhanced 13C via the molecular emission in 13CO arising in the circumstellar discs of B[e]SGs. To test this potential method and to unambiguously identify a post-main-sequence B[e] SG by its 13CO emission, we have obtained high-quality K-band spectra of two known B[e] SGs in the Large Magellanic Cloud, using the Very Large Telescope's Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observation in the Near-Infrared (VLT/SINFONI). Both stars clearly show the 13CO band emission, whose strength implies a strong enhancement of 13C, in agreement with theoretical predictions. This first ever direct confirmation of the evolved nature of B[e]SGs thus paves the way to the first identification of a Galactic B[e]SG.
Prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Sin Gwen‐Li , Abdin Edimansyah , Lee Jimmy , Poon Lye‐Yin , Verma Swapna , Chong Siow‐Ann 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground: Psychosis can be considered one of the most severe stressors that an individual may face. Previous studies have suggested that the traumatic experience of psychotic symptoms and hospitalization may provoke a post‐traumatic type reaction.Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the point prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among patients recovering from a first‐episode of psychosis in Singapore, and to elucidate the factors associated with it.Methods: Patients from the Early Psychosis Intervention Programme in Singapore, who were recovering from their first psychotic episode, participated in this study. Diagnoses were made using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) – Text Revised Axis I Disorders. The Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale, an interviewer‐rated semi‐structured interview, was used to diagnose PTSD.Results: Sixty‐one patients (30 males, 31 females) were recruited. Twelve (19.7%) patients were diagnosed with PTSD. Hospitalization for treatment, whether compulsory or otherwise, did not increase the rate of PTSD. The Chinese ethnic group had lower risk of developing PTSD (adjusted odds ratio 0.14, P = 0.018).Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of PTSD in patients recovering from their first psychotic episode. This study raises awareness among clinicians and hopes to promote early recognition and treatment of PTSD so as to potentially improve outcome.
Brucella canis in a HIV‐Infected Patient
Authors: Lawaczeck E. , Toporek J. , Cwikla J. , Mathison B. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe true incidence of Brucella canis in humans is unknown, but immunocompromised patients in direct contact with dogs are thought to be at a higher risk for infection. In this case report, we present a human case of B. canis in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
The Cosmopolitanization of Trade Regions: Global Trends and Implications, 1965–1990*
Authors: Poon Jessie P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Postwar international trade relations are built on multilateral free trade principles that regard regional trade coalitions as suboptimal arrangements. A rising share of international trade, however, appears to be occurring within regions, raising the fear that the world economy is disintegrating into inward‐looking trading blocs. Such fears are now being challenged because the regionalization of world trade is said to be a “natural” process strongly influenced by geographic proximity. Furthermore, prevailing regionalization is taking place in a context of stronger global linkages.This paper examines global regionalization tendencies by tracing trade interactions from 1965 to 1990 and finds a trend toward a less spatially fragmented world economy. Five dominant trade regions may be identified in 1990 as compared to eight smaller regions in 1965. The regions have become more geographically oriented, with the majority of members associated with the regional cores of Japan, Germany, and the United States. Greater regionalization, however, need not contradict multilateralism. By examining the time‐trends of each region's propensity to trade extraregionally, I show that regions have also increased their inclination to trade a larger share of their gross domestic product with the rest of the world. This suggests that the world economy is increasingly characterized by regional cosmopolitanism and may not disintegrate into isolated trading blocs.
Profitability and Growth in Multiregion Systems: Prologue to a Historical Geography
Authors: Webber Michael 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Consider the OECD, and divide it into two regions: Japan and the rest. How have rates of profit, the history of capital accumulation and the growth of demand and supply, interregional investment and trade interacted to produce their historical geography? What can we learn from that data about theories of profit, growth, and interregional competition? In this paper, I estimate the parameters of a disequilibrium, dynamic, interregional model that illuminates these questions, paying particular attention to the manner in which investment is generated and flows between regions.I find a complex relationship between productivity and costs, profitability and accumulation. These variables are not well correlated over space. The evidence prompts questions about the weight that is given to profitability in interpreting the growth of regions. More important are the availability of funds (generated by the existing capital stock), the production intentions of corporations, and the investment policies of financiers. Likewise, over time profitability and accumulation are correlated, but this correlation is strong only in the long run; in the short run, rates of growth are determined far more by production decisions and investment policies than by changes in the rate of profit.