bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some consequences of mechanical stratification in basin-scale numerical models of passive-margin salt tectonics
Authors: Albertz Markus , Ings Steven J. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Two-dimensional plane-strain numerical experiments illustrate the effects of variable evaporite viscosity and embedded frictional-plastic sediment layers on the style of salt flow and associated deformation of the sedimentary overburden. Evaporite viscosity exerts a first-order control on the salt flow rate and the style of overburden deformation. Nearly complete evacuation of low-viscosity salt occurs beneath expulsion basins, whereas significant salt is trapped when viscosity is high. Embedded frictional-plastic sediment layers with yield strength partition salt flow and develop transient contractional structures (folds, thrust faults and folded faults) in a seaward salt-squeeze flow regime. Multiple internal sediment layers reduce the seaward salt flow during sediment aggradation, leaving more salt behind to be remobilized during subsequent progradation. This produces more seaward extensive allochthonous salt sheets. If there is a density difference between the embedded layers and the surrounding salt, then the embedded layers fractionate during deformation and either float to the surface or sink to the bottom, creating a thick zone of pure halite. Such a process of ‘buoyancy fractionation’ may partially explain the apparent paradox of layered salt in autochthonous salt basins and pure halite in allochthonous salt sheets.

Supplementary material:

Animated gif files of the model results are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18500
.
Analysis of folding and deformation within layered evaporites in Blocks BM-S-8 & -9, Santos Basin, Brazil
Authors: Fiduk J. Carl , Rowan Mark G. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The São Paulo Plateau in the deepwater Santos Basin is the site of numerous recent pre-salt petroleum discoveries. The area is characterized by a thick sequence of layered evaporites comprising primarily halite, with subordinate anhydrite and carnalite and trace amounts of other minerals. The sequence is divided into six stratigraphic packages: three relatively competent beams containing the bulk of the stronger anhydrite and three relatively weak detachment layers. Observed structural styles range from the simple to the complex, including: upright open folds, inclined thrusted folds, recumbent isoclinal folds, sheath folds and superposed folds. Multiple detachments lead to polyharmonic folding, disharmonic folding and overtightened folds. Major anticlinal structures contain acoustically transparent material surrounding disrupted, highly deformed pieces of the lower two beams. The deformation is non-coaxial, with anticlines forming a polygonal pattern and fold hinges that are highly curvilinear. The São Paulo Plateau is a contractional province that formed in response to proximal extension at the Albian Gap during convergent gravity gliding/spreading of the margin. Shortening possibly began during the waning stages of evaporite deposition, but the bulk of the movement occurred during the Santonian–Mid-Eocene. The evaporite sequence shortened much more than the cover because of extreme updip attenuation and consequent basinwards flow beneath the cover; deeper levels of evaporite exhibit more shortening due to strain partitioning across internal detachments.
Fracture-controlled palaeohydrology of a secondary salt weld, La Popa Basin, NE Mexico
Authors: Smith Adam P. , Fischer Mark P. , Evans Mark A. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Isotopic and fluid inclusion analyses of veins and host rocks constrain the compositions, temperatures and sources of palaeofluids along the La Popa salt weld. Most veins formed after the salt was evacuated from the precursor salt wall; veins are generally more abundant on the downthrown side of the weld and near a significant bend in the trace of the weld. The spatial distribution of fluid types and temperatures suggests the weld served as a vertical fluid conduit and a horizontal baffle. Stable isotopes indicate there was significant fluid–rock interaction and little vertical fluid communication between rock units in areas away from the weld. Fluid temperatures along the weld ranged from 84 to 207 °C, salinities ranged from 4 to 25 wt% NaCl equiv. and methane was abundant in the weld zone and on the downthrown side of the weld. Strontium isotopes suggest that some of the vein-forming fluids were derived from the evaporites that once occupied the weld. Our results suggest the sealing potential of similar welds may be related to the presence of abrupt changes in weld geometry such as cusps or bends, the amount of shortening across the weld and the amount of vertical displacement across the weld.
Salt deposition, loading and gravity drainage in the Campos and Santos salt basins
Authors: Davison Ian , Anderson Lee , Nuttall Peter 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

The southern Brazilian salt basin, comprising the three sub-basins Santos, Campos and Espirito Santo, was deposited over a pre-existing rifted basin with
c.
1–2 km of relief bordered by an outer basin high that separated the basin from the conjugate African margin. The evaporites are interpreted to have been deposited very rapidly (<1 Ma) during the waning of extension. Deposition of salt caused rapid loading of the basin, so that further basin subsidence occurred and mobile salt drained from structurally higher zones into the subsiding basins. Seismic evidence indicates that downslope salt drainage occurred before any sediment overburden accumulated. Withdrawal synclines within salt units developed adjacent to diapirs, which have intruded the evaporite sequence, and salt extrusions are observed which were buried by later salts. The early movement of the salt probably contributed to significant fault reactivation and redistribution of salt load, so that the final half-graben salt fill reached up to 4.5 km thick where only 1–2 km of salt was originally deposited.
New Lung Cancer Susceptibility Locus Identified: Significance and Implications for Other Genome-Wide Association Studies
Authors: Sellers Thomas A. , Chen Y. Ann 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 150 loci that influence the risk of cancer. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Shi and colleagues report that a variant in RAD52 is a risk factor for squamous cell lung carcinoma. This work is important not only for its potential implications on control of this dreaded malignancy but also for its methodologic contributions that can advance the field of molecular-genetic epidemiology. Cancer Discovery; 2(2); 110–1. ©2012 AACR.
Commentary on Shi et al., p. 131.
New Roles Opined for OPCML
Authors: Wu Sherry Y. , Sood Anil K. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
OPCML, frequently inactivated in ovarian tumors, mediates its antitumor effect via binding to the extracellular domains of several important oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). This, in turn, leads to the downregulation of RTKs in tumor cells and results in significant inhibition of tumor growth. Cancer Discovery; 2(2); 115–6. ©2012 AACR.
Commentary on McKie et al., p. 156.
Another LAP in the Race
Authors: Lee Sylvia M. , Yee Cassian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe unique promise of latency-associated peptide resides in its selective presence on regulatory T cells (Treg) in the activated setting after patients are treated with immunomodulators such as anti–CTLA-4. The improved ability to track, scrutinize, and potentially target Tregs in this manipulated environment will be increasingly critical in developing immune-based therapies for patients with cancer. Cancer Discovery; 2(2); 107–9. ©2012 AACR.Commentary on Sun et al., p. 122.
Cross-Genre and Cross-Domain Detection of Semantic Uncertainty
Authors: Szarvas György , Vincze Veronika , Farkas Richárd , Móra György , Gurevych Iryna 
Published: February 2012

Uncertainty is an important linguistic phenomenon that is relevant in various Natural Language Processing applications, in diverse genres from medical to community generated, newswire or scientific discourse, and domains from science to humanities. The semantic uncertainty of a proposition can be identified in most cases by using a finite dictionary (i.e., lexical cues) and the key steps of uncertainty detection in an application include the steps of locating the (genre- and domain-specific) lexical cues, disambiguating them, and linking them with the units of interest for the particular application (e.g., identified events in information extraction). In this study, we focus on the genre and domain differences of the context-dependent semantic uncertainty cue recognition task. We introduce a unified subcategorization of semantic uncertainty as different domain applications can apply different uncertainty categories. Based on this categorization, we normalized the annotation of three corpora and present results with a state-of-the-art uncertainty cue recognition model for four fine-grained categories of semantic uncertainty. Our results reveal the domain and genre dependence of the problem; nevertheless, we also show that even a distant source domain data set can contribute to the recognition and disambiguation of uncertainty cues, efficiently reducing the annotation costs needed to cover a new domain. Thus, the unified subcategorization and domain adaptation for training the models offer an efficient solution for cross-domain and cross-genre semantic uncertainty recognition.
Modality and Negation in SIMT Use of Modality and Negation in Semantically-Informed Syntactic MT
Authors: Baker Kathryn , Bloodgood Michael , Dorr Bonnie J. , Callison-Burch Chris , Filardo Nathaniel W. , Piatko Christine , Levin Lori , Miller Scott 
Published: February 2012

This article describes the resource- and system-building efforts of an 8-week Johns Hopkins University Human Language Technology Center of Excellence Summer Camp for Applied Language Exploration (SCALE-2009) on Semantically Informed Machine Translation (SIMT). We describe a new modality/negation (MN) annotation scheme, the creation of a (publicly available) MN lexicon, and two automated MN taggers that we built using the annotation scheme and lexicon. Our annotation scheme isolates three components of modality and negation: a trigger (a word that conveys modality or negation), a target (an action associated with modality or negation), and a holder (an experiencer of modality). We describe how our MN lexicon was semi-automatically produced and we demonstrate that a structure-based MN tagger results in precision around 86% (depending on genre) for tagging of a standard LDC data set. We apply our MN annotation scheme to statistical machine translation using a syntactic framework that supports the inclusion of semantic annotations. Syntactic tags enriched with semantic annotations are assigned to parse trees in the target-language training texts through a process of tree grafting. Although the focus of our work is modality and negation, the tree grafting procedure is general and supports other types of semantic information. We exploit this capability by including named entities, produced by a pre-existing tagger, in addition to the MN elements produced by the taggers described here. The resulting system significantly outperformed a linguistically naive baseline model (Hiero), and reached the highest scores yet reported on the NIST 2009 Urdu–English test set. This finding supports the hypothesis that both syntactic and semantic information can improve translation quality.
A Novel Polymorphism of the CYP4A11 Gene is Associated With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Fu Zhenyan , Ma Yitong , Xie Xiang , Huang Ding , Yang Hong , Nakayama Tomohiro , Sato Naoyuki 
Published: February 2012

Background: CYP4A11 (cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily A, polypeptide 11) converts arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which plays a crucial role in the modulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between the human CYP4A11 gene and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A total of 361 patients with CAD and 315 controls were genotyped for 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the human CYP4A11 gene (rs9332978, rs4660980, rs3890011, and rs1126742). The data were assessed for 3 groups: total participants, men, and women via case–control studies. Results: For total participants and men, the distribution of SNP3 (rs3890011) genotypes showed a significant difference between CAD and control participants ( P = .030 and P = .013, respectively), the distribution of the recessive model of SNP3 (GG vs CC + GC) was significantly higher in CAD patients than in control participants ( P = .011 and P = .014, respectively), the significant difference was retained after adjustment for covariates (for total participants, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.137-2.423, P = .009; and for males, 95% CI: 1.173-3.013, P = .009). Conclusions: rs3890011 maybe a novel polymorphism of the CYP4A11 gene associated with CAD in a Han Chinese population.
Therapeutic Effects of Intra-Articular Ultrapurified Low Endotoxin Alginate Administration on Experimental Osteoarthritis in Rabbits
Authors: Igarashi Tatsuya , Iwasaki Norimasa , Kawamura Daisuke , Tsukuda Yukinori , Kasahara Yasuhiko , Todoh Masahiro , Tadano Shigeru , Minami Akio 
Published: February 2012

Objective: We have developed an ultrapurified low endotoxin alginate (UPLE alginate), which can drastically reduce endotoxin levels. Our purposes were to examine the effects of UPLE alginate administration on osteoarthritis (OA) progression and to determine the adequate molecular weight of the UPLE alginate for therapeutic effects. Design: To induce knee OA, 35 Japanese White rabbits underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection. Intra-articular injections of 0.3 mL solution of each material were started at 4 weeks postoperatively for a total of 5 weekly injections. Seventy knees were divided into the following groups: AL430 (430 kDa molecular weight UPLE alginate), AL1000 (1,000 kDa), AL1700 (1,700 kDa), HA (hyaluronan), and NS (normal saline). At 9 weeks postoperatively, all knees were assessed macroscopically, histologically, and mechanically. Results: Macroscopically, the UPLE alginate groups exhibited milder cartilage degradation compared to that of the NS and HA groups. Histological findings of the UPLE alginate groups showed an obvious reduction in the severity of OA. The histological scores of Kikuchi et al. were superior in the alginate treatment groups compared to the NS group. The friction coefficient of the AL1000 group was significantly lower than that of the NS and HA groups. Conclusion: This study indicates that our UPLE alginates, especially AL1000, have promising potential as an effective agent in preventing OA progression.
Aluminum tolerance association mapping in triticale
Authors: Niedziela Agnieszka , Bednarek Piotr T , Cichy Henryk , Budzianowski Grzegorz , Kilian Andrzej , Anioł Andrzej 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Crop production practices and industrialization processes result in increasing acidification of arable soils. At lower pH levels (below 5.0), aluminum (Al) remains in a cationic form that is toxic to plants, reducing growth and yield. The effect of aluminum on agronomic performance is particularly important in cereals like wheat, which has promoted the development of programs directed towards selection of tolerant forms. Even in intermediately tolerant cereals (i.e., triticale), the decrease in yield may be significant. In triticale, Al tolerance seems to be influenced by both wheat and rye genomes. However, little is known about the precise chromosomal location of tolerance-related genes, and whether wheat or rye genomes are crucial for the expression of that trait in the hybrid.

Results
A mapping population consisting of 232 advanced breeding triticale forms was developed and phenotyped for Al tolerance using physiological tests. AFLP, SSR and DArT marker platforms were applied to obtain a sufficiently large set of molecular markers (over 3000). Associations between the markers and the trait were tested using General (GLM) and Multiple (MLM) Linear Models, as well as the Statistical Machine Learning (SML) approach. The chromosomal locations of candidate markers were verified based on known assignments of SSRs and DArTs or by using genetic maps of rye and triticale.
Two candidate markers on chromosome 3R and 9, 15 and 11 on chromosomes 4R, 6R and 7R, respectively, were identified. The r

2
values were between 0.066 and 0.220 in most cases, indicating a good fit of the data, with better results obtained with the GML than the MLM approach. Several QTLs on rye chromosomes appeared to be involved in the phenotypic expression of the trait, suggesting that rye genome factors are predominantly responsible for Al tolerance in triticale.

Conclusions
The Diversity Arrays Technology was applied successfully to association mapping studies performed on triticale breeding forms. Statistical approaches allowed the identification of numerous markers associated with Al tolerance. Available rye and triticale genetic maps suggested the putative location of the markers and demonstrated that they formed several linked groups assigned to distinct chromosomes (3R, 4R, 6R and 7R). Markers associated with genomic regions under positive selection were identified and indirectly mapped in the vicinity of the Al-tolerant markers. The present findings were in agreement with prior reports.
Pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, and dust exposures among workers engaged in early manufacturing processes of tea: a cohort study
Authors: Shieh Tzong-Shiun , Chung Jui-Jung , Wang Chung-Jing , Tsai Perng-Jy , Kuo Yau-Chang , Guo How-Ran 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in workers engaged in the early manufacturing processes of tea and to identify the associated factors, we conducted a study in a tea production area in Taiwan.MethodsWe recruited tea workers who engaged in the early manufacturing process in the Mountain Ali area in Taiwan and a comparison group of local office workers who were matched for age, gender, and smoking habits. We performed questionnaire interviews, pulmonary function tests, skin prick tests, and measurement of specific IgE for tea on the participants and assessed tea dust exposures in the tea factories.ResultsThe 91 participating tea workers had higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than the comparison group (32 participants). Among tea workers, ball-rolling workers had the highest prevalence of symptoms and the highest exposures of inhalable dusts. At baseline, tea workers had similar pulmonary functions as the comparison group, but compared to the other tea workers ball-rolling workers had a lower ratio of the 1-second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and a lower maximal mid-expiratory flow rate expressed as% of the predicted value--MMF (%pred). A total of 58 tea workers participated in the on-site investigation and the cross-shift lung function measurements. We found ball-rolling yielded the highest inhalable dust level, panning yielded the highest respirable dust level, and withering yielded the lowest levels of both dusts. Ball-rolling also yielded the highest coarse fraction (defined as inhalable dusts minus respirable dusts), which represented exposures from nose to tracheobronchial tract. During the shift, we observed significant declines in pulmonary function, especially in ball-rolling workers. Multiple regressions showed that age, height, work tasks, coarse fraction, and number of months working in tea manufacturing each year were independent predictors of certain pulmonary function parameters in tea workers.ConclusionsTea workers engaged in early manufacturing processes of tea have higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function impairment, which might be related to tea dust exposures, especially the coarse fraction.
Intimate partner physical violence among women in Shimelba refugee camp, northern Ethiopia
Authors: Feseha Girmatsion , G/mariam Abebe , Gerbaba Mulusew 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Domestic violence has unwanted effects on the physical and psychological well-being of women, which have been recognized globally as an important public health problem. Violence perpetrated by intimate partner is one form of domestic violence, a serious human rights abuse and a public health issue, among refugees owing to its substantial consequences for women's physical, mental and reproductive health problems. Because the incidents are under-reported, the true scale of the problem is unknown and unexamined among refugee women in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aim to assess the magnitude of intimate partner physical violence and associated factors among women in Shimelba refugee camp, Northern Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 422 refugee women from March to April 2011. A simple random sampling method was used to select the study subjects from seven zones of the refugee camp. Census was done to identify all households with women having an intimate partner. A pre-tested interviewer guided structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done where applicable. A p-value less than 0.05 with 95% CI were set and used as a cut-off point to examine the statistical association between the explanatory and outcome variables.

Results
The prevalence of physical violence in the last 12 months and lifetime were 107(25.5%) and 131(31.0%) respectively. The commonest forms of physical violence reported included slapping 101(61.6%) and throwing objects 32(19.5%). Significant risk factors associated with experiencing physical violence were being a farmer (AOR = 3.0[95%CI: 1.7, 5.5]), knowing women in neighborhood whose husband to beat them (AOR = 1.87[95%CI: 1.0, 3.5]), being a Muslim (AOR = 2.4 [95%C.I: 1.107, 5.5]), and having a drunkard partner (AOR = 2.1[95%C.I:1.0, 4.5]).

Conclusions
Intimate partner physical violence was found to be high and a serious problem among women in Shimelba refugee camp. Multifaceted interventions such as male counseling, increasing awareness on the consequences of intimate partner violence and the effect of substance use like alcohol will help to reduce intimate partner violence.