bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the efficacy of virtual reality exposure for crowd management: a real-world application
Authors: Alshaer Abdulaziz 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Crowded spaces, especially during significant events or rituals, pose challenges in terms of safety and management. This study introduces a novel approach to address these challenges by leveraging Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE) as a potential solution. Using the Tawaf ritual around the Kaaba and the specific act of touching the Black Stone as a case study, this research explores how VRE can be employed to alter individual behaviors and perceptions in crowded spaces. Methods: Participants completed questionnaires assessing their behaviors and perceptions before and after exposure to two types of Virtual Reality environments: visual-only Virtual Reality (VR) and multi-sensory Virtual Reality (MVR).Results: Results indicated a marked decrease in participants' eagerness to physically interact with the Black Stone after the VR exposure. However, this eagerness saw a minor resurgence in the MVR setting, suggesting a more profound sense of immersion. Additionally, the MVR environment significantly enhanced the participants' overall sense of presence and emotional intensity compared to the visual-only VR.Discussion: This research underscores the potential of VRE as a broader tool for crowd management in various settings, emphasizing its generalizability and contribution to the field. By harnessing the immersive capabilities of VRE, stakeholders can mitigate risks and enhance the experience in crowded scenarios.
Evaluating ChatGPT-4’s performance as a digital health advisor for otosclerosis surgery
Authors: Sahin Samil , Erkmen Burak , Duymaz Yaşar Kemal , Bayram Furkan , Tekin Ahmet Mahmut , Topsakal Vedat 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT-4, an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot, in providing accurate and comprehensible information to patients regarding otosclerosis surgery.MethodsOn October 20, 2023, 15 hypothetical questions were posed to ChatGPT-4 to simulate physician-patient interactions about otosclerosis surgery. Responses were evaluated by three independent ENT specialists using the DISCERN scoring system. The readability was evaluated using multiple indices: Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Index (Gunning FOG), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Coleman-Liau Index (CLI), and Automated Readability Index (ARI).ResultsThe responses from ChatGPT-4 received DISCERN scores ranging from poor to excellent, with an overall score of 50.7 ± 8.2. The readability analysis indicated that the texts were above the 6th-grade level, suggesting they may not be easily comprehensible to the average reader. There was a significant positive correlation between the referees’ scores. Despite providing correct information in over 90% of the cases, the study highlights concerns regarding the potential for incomplete or misleading answers and the high readability level of the responses.ConclusionWhile ChatGPT-4 shows potential in delivering health information accurately, its utility is limited by the level of readability of its responses. The study underscores the need for continuous improvement in AI systems to ensure the delivery of information that is both accurate and accessible to patients with varying levels of health literacy. Healthcare professionals should supervise the use of such technologies to enhance patient education and care.
Case series of dogs with blastomycosis managed with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (2019–2023): 19 cases
Authors: Tarosky Melanie , Haraschak Jenica L. , Reinhart Jennifer M. , Billhymer Audrey 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, progression, treatment, and outcome of dogs with blastomycosis treated with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT).DesignRetrospective case review.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsNineteen client-owned dogs with strongly suspected or confirmed blastomycosis treated with HFNOT.Measurements and main resultsThe medical records of dogs with strongly suspected or confirmed blastomycosis between October 2019 and May 2023 that received HFNOT were evaluated. Nineteen dogs were included. Nine dogs were started directly on high-flow nasal oxygen therapy. The remaining 10 dogs first received traditional oxygen therapy and were then transitioned to HFNOT 3–142 h later. Of the 19 dogs, 1 survived to discharge from hospital, 12 were euthanized due to progression of disease, and 6 died during the hospitalization period.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe prognosis for survival of dogs with severe blastomycosis requiring therapy beyond traditional oxygen methods was poor to grave in this population. This is the first known documented report of HFNOT use in dogs with confirmed or suspected blastomycosis.
Effects of early pregnancy on NOD-like receptor expression in the ovine endometrium
Authors: Zhang Leying , Cai Jiabao , Wang Xinxin , Yang Zhen , Ding Haiquan , Yang Ling 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionNucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are expressed in the endometrium, and involved in modulating the female innate immune responses. There are conceptus-endometrial interactions during pregnancy, which ensure immune homeostasis of the maternal-fetal interface. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of early pregnancy on NLR expression in the ovine endometrium.MethodsEndometrial tissues were collected at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy (n = 6 for each group), and RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to analyze the expression of NLRs, including NOD1, NOD2, major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator (CIITA), neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein (NAIP), NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3 and NLRP7.ResultsExpression levels of NOD1, NOD2, NAIP, CIITA, NLRP1 and NLRP3 declined, but expression level of NLRP7 increased in the endometria during early pregnancy compared with nonpregnant ewes. In addition, NOD2 and CIITA proteins were located in the endometrium in a protein type-, cell type- and pregnancy status-specific manner.DiscussionEarly pregnancy modulated expression of NLR family in the ovine endometrium, which may be essential for conceptus-endometrial interactions and maternal-fetal interface immune homeostasis.
Emergence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) Genes in Campylobacter coli in Tunisia and Detection of New Sequence Type ST13450
Authors: Gharbi Manel , Tiss Rihab , Chaouch Melek , Hamrouni Safa , Maaroufi Abderrazak 
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants in Campylobacter coli isolates collected from broilers, laying hens and poultry farm environments. One hundred and thirty-nine C. coli isolates were isolated from broilers (n = 41), laying hens (n = 53), eggs (n = 4) and the environment (n = 41) of 23 poultry farms located in northeastern of Tunisia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all isolates according to the recommendation of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. The detection of PMQR genes: qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, qepA, and aac(6)-Ib gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific primers. aac(6′)-Ib amplicons were further analyzed by digestion with BtsCI to identify the aac(6′)-Ib-cr variant. Mutations in GyrA and the occurrence of RE-CmeABC efflux pump were determined by mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR and PCR, respectively. In addition, eleven isolates were selected to determine their clonal lineage by MLST. The 139 C. coli isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 86 (61.8%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. High rates of resistance were also observed toward erythromycin (100%), azithromycin (96.4%), tetracycline (100%), chloramphenicol (98.56%), ampicillin (66.1%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (55.39%), and kanamycin (57.55%). However, moderate resistance rates were observed for gentamicin (9.35%) and streptomycin (22.3%). All quinolone-resistant isolates harbored the Thr-86-Ile amino acid substitution in GyrA, and the RE-CmeABC efflux pump was detected in 40.28% of isolates. Interestingly, the qnrB, qnrS, qepA, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr were detected in 57.7%, 61.15%, 21.58%, and 10% of isolates, respectively. The eleven isolates studied by MLST belonged to a new sequence type ST13450. This study described for the first time the occurrence of PMQR genes in C. coli isolates in Tunisia and globally.
Persistence of COVID-19 Symptoms and Quality of Life at Three and Twelve Months after Hospital Discharge
Authors: Gutiérrez-Canales Lizeth Guadalupe , Muñoz-Corona Carolina , Barrera-Chávez Isaac , Viloria-Álvarez Carlos , Macías Alejandro E. , Martínez-Navarro Liz Jovanna , Alvarez Jose A. , Scavo-Montes David Alejandro , Guaní-Guerra Eduardo 
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: Medical and public recognition of “long-COVID or post-COVID syndrome”, as well as its impact on the quality of life (QoL), is required to better address the disease burden. Objectives: We aimed to describe the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms and QoL among patients at three and twelve months after their discharge from the hospital. Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational, prospective, and longitudinal analytic study from September 2021 to April 2022. To measure QoL, we used a validated version of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results: We included 68 patients in the study. A total of 54 (79.4%) patients reported at least one persistent symptom at three months vs. 52 (76.4%) at twelve months (p = 0.804). Some persistent symptoms (myalgia, alopecia, and cough) decreased significantly at twelve months (50% vs. 30.9%, 29.4% vs. 13.2%, and 23.5% vs. 7.4%; respectively, p = 0.007); in contrast, other persistent symptoms (sleep–wake and memory disorders) were more frequent (5.9% vs. 32.4% and 4.4% vs. 20.6%; respectively, p = ≤0.001). Regarding QoL, a statistically significant improvement was observed in some scores over time, p = ≤0.037. At twelve months, dyspnea, myalgia, and depression were risk factors associated with a poor physical component summary (PCS), p = ≤0.027, whereas anxiety, depression, and fatigue were associated with a poor mental component summary (MCS), p = ≤0.015. Conclusion: As the proportion of persistent symptoms at twelve months is high, we suggest that patients must continue under long-term follow up to reclassify, diagnose, and treat new onset symptoms/diseases.
Adhesion and Transparency Enhancement between Flexible Polyimide-PDMS Copolymerized Film and Copper Foil for LED Transparent Screen
Authors: Wang Xinming , Zhao Yuting , Li Heming , Gao Weiguo , Liu Yan , Sun Anning , Ma Ke , Hu Zhizhi , Wang Yongqi 
Published: June 2024

With the increasing demand for innovative electronic products, LED transparent screens are gradually entering the public eye. Polyimide (PI) materials combine high temperature resistance and high transparency, which can be used to prepare flexible copper-clad laminate substrates. The physical and chemical properties of PI materials differ from copper, such as their thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs), surface energy, etc. These differences affect the formation and stability of the interface between copper and PI films, resulting in a short life for LED transparent screens. To enhance PI-copper interfacial adhesion, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can be used to increase the adhesive ability. Two diamine monomers with a trifluoromethyl structure and a sulfone group structure were selected in this research. Bisphenol type A diether dianhydride is a dianhydride monomer. All three of the above monomers have non−coplanar structures and flexible structural units. The adhesion and optical properties can be improved between the interface of the synthesized PI films and copper foil. PI films containing PDMS 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt% were analyzed using UV spectroscopy. The transmittance of the PI-1/3%, PI-1/5%, PI-2/3%, and PI-2/5% films were all more than 80% at 450 nm. Meanwhile, the Td 5% and Td 10% heat loss and Tg temperatures decreased gradually with the increase in PDMS. The peel adhesion of PI-copper foil was measured using a 180° peel assay. The effect of PDMS addition on peel adhesion was analyzed. PIs-3% films had the greatest peeling intensities of 0.98 N/mm and 0.85 N/mm.
Alteplase- and Tenecteplase-Related Errors and Risk Mitigation Strategies in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Study of Event Reports From 52 Hospitals
Authors: Ro Myungsun , Taylor Matthew A. , Jones Rebecca 
Published: June 2024

Background Alteplase and tenecteplase are thrombolytic agents used to treat patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Despite the convenient bolus dosing of tenecteplase, its off-label use for AIS creates new patient safety challenges that are understudied. Methods The study was conducted in two parts. In Part I, we queried the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System (PA-PSRS) database for event reports involving alteplase and tenecteplase that were submitted between 2017 and 2022. Based on results from Part I, in Part II we narrowed the query to reports submitted in 2021–2022 and applied inclusion criteria to identify reports that described a medication error involving the use of alteplase or tenecteplase to treat AIS. In Part II, all reports were reviewed and coded for stages of the medication-use process, associated factors, and event type. Results Part I results (N=858) showed a decrease in reports of alteplase events and an increase in reports of tenecteplase events. In Part II (N=92), 52% of reports involved alteplase and 48% involved tenecteplase. Wrong dose was the most frequently coded event type for both medications at a combined 48%. Several tenecteplase-related events were attributed to unfamiliarity with the medication, confusion between indications, and incorrect use of the electronic health record (EHR) or failure to use the EHR, whereas many errors unique to alteplase occurred during the multistep calculation, preparation, and administration processes. Conclusions Safety events involving alteplase and tenecteplase in the treatment of AIS are diverse. We present a list of potential strategies to prevent and mitigate errors involving these high-alert medications and encourage providers to adopt those that are meaningful to their workflow and practice setting.
Temperature dependence of magnetic sensitivity in ensemble NV centers
Authors: Zhang Zhenrong , Wen Huan Fei , Li Liangjie , Cao Bo , Liu Yanjie , Guo Hao , Li Zhong hao , Ma Zongmin , Li Xin , Tang Jun , Liu Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The magnetic sensitivity of the ensemble NV centers is directly related to temperature. In this study, we systematically investigated the temperature dependence of photoluminescence properties and optical detection magnetic resonance in ensemble NV centers from 1.6 K to 300 K. The magnetic sensitivity of the ensemble NV centers increases with the temperature rising in the range of 1.6 K to 75 K due to changes in contrast and linewidth, reaching a minimum near 40 K. Furthermore, the decrease in sensitivity is attributed to laser intensity overload at low temperatures by studying the influence of laser power on contrast and linewidth. These results offer valuable insights into NV magnetic sensing applications.
RISCOS OBSTÉTRICOS EM GESTAÇÕES MÚLTIPLAS: ABORDAGENS PARA REDUZIR COMPLICAÇÕES
Authors: Melo Ana Beatriz Oliveira de , Nascimento Maria Eduarda Bezerra do , Nascimento Karine Silveira , Silva Daiane de Matos , Silva Igor Nascimento da , Costa Flávia de Araújo , Souza Juliano Gomes de , Queiroz José Leonildo Fernandes de , Rosa Victor Hugo Júlio da , Oliveira Fernanda França Jacó , Barros Leonice da Silva , Neta Maria Nazaré Chacon de Matos 
Published: June 2024

As gestações múltiplas, caracterizadas pela presença de dois ou mais fetos, apresentam um aumento significativo nos riscos obstétricos tanto para a mãe quanto para os bebês. Complicações como parto prematuro, pré-eclâmpsia, restrição de crescimento intrauterino e diabetes gestacional são mais comuns nessas situações. A redução desses riscos requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar e bem coordenada, que inclui monitoramento pré-natal rigoroso, intervenções médicas apropriadas, suporte nutricional e psicológico para a gestante, além de estratégias específicas para o manejo do parto. A implementação de protocolos baseados em evidências pode melhorar os desfechos maternos e neonatais, promovendo uma gestação mais segura e saudável. Objetivos: Investigar os riscos obstétricos associados a gestações múltiplas e avaliar diferentes abordagens para reduzir as complicações maternas e fetais. Metodologia: A coleta de dados, esta foi conduzida por meio dos bancos de dados: Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Resultados e Discussão: O estudo identificou que gestações múltiplas estão associadas a um aumento significativo de riscos obstétricos, como parto prematuro, hipertensão gestacional, diabetes gestacional e restrição de crescimento intrauterino. Intervenções como monitoramento pré-natal intensificado, administração de corticosteroides para maturação pulmonar fetal e uso de cerclagem cervical mostraram-se eficazes na redução de complicações. Os achados indicam que o manejo especializado e proativo de gestações múltiplas é crucial para minimizar riscos. A implementação de protocolos específicos, como consultas pré-natais frequentes e avaliação ultrassonográfica regular, pode melhorar os resultados maternos e perinatais. Conclusão: Em síntese, gestações múltiplas apresentam riscos obstétricos elevados, mas a adoção de estratégias de monitoramento e intervenção precoce pode reduzir significativamente as complicações maternas e fetais. Protocolos de cuidado intensivo e a educação das gestantes são essenciais para melhorar os desfechos de saúde nesse contexto.
PENGENALAN DAN PENERAPAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DI PONDOK PESANTREN QURAN AL-LATHIFAH CIKARANG BARAT
Authors: Aceng Aceng Badruzzaman , Mamun Sukron , Fauzi Ahmad 
Published: June 2024

Bersaing dalam ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan rekayasa merupakan masalah pendidikan Indonesia secara keseluruhan, khususnya pondok pesantren. Di era digital yang terus berkembang ini terbukti jika pondok pesantren mempertahankan metode pembelajaran konvensional tanpa mengintegrasikan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi sehingga pesantren tidak akan mampu bersaing dan menjawab setiap hambatan dalam arus ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (digital). Namun, jika pesantren mampu memadukan keduanya maka akan tercipta generasi yang berkarakter, beriman, cerdas dan siap menghadapi segala tantangan ilmu pengetahuan atau teknologi yang mungkin diberikan dunia di era digital ini. Pengenalan dan penerapan AI dalam pondok pesantren dapat menjadi solusi inovatif untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dan kualitas pendidikan Islam. Dengan pelatihan, pengembangan konten digital, dan pengukuran hasil yang baik, AI dapat membantu mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang lebih baik di pondok pesantren, yang merupakan pusat pendidikan Islam yang penting di Indonesia. Pengenalan dan penerapan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) dalam pendidikan memiliki potensi besar untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru di pondok pesantren. Karena pada dasarnya, perpaduan AI dan pendidikan ini berfokus pada kebutuhan setiap individu melalui fitur-fitur seperti game yang disematkan AI dan program yang disesuaikan. Selain itu, solusi yang didukung oleh AI dapat menganalisis riwayat pembelajaran siswa sebelumnya, mengidentifikasi kelemahan, dan menawarkan kursus yang paling sesuai untuk peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran dan memberikan banyak peluang. Analisis ini memungkinkan guru untuk membuat program pembelajaran terbaik untuk semua siswa. Dengan menganalisis kebutuhan khusus setiap siswa, guru dan profesor dapat menyesuaikan kursus mereka untuk mengatasi kesenjangan pengetahuan sebelum siswa tertinggal terlalu jauh.
انعكاسات ممارسة الألعاب الإلكترونية على التحصيل الدراسي للتلاميذ من وجهة نظر أولياء امورهم
Authors: محمد علي عبد الكريم د. عادل , عيسى جبريل موسى د. نبيل 
Published: June 2024

تمثل عنوان الدراسة في: انعكاسات ممارسة الألعاب الإلكترونية على التحصيل الدراسي للتلاميذ من وجهة نظر أولياء أمورهم، دراسة ميدانية على عينة من أولياء أمور تلاميذ الصف التاسع من مرحلة التعليم الأساسي بمدارس مدينة المرج، انطلقت الدراسة من هدف عام مفاده التعرف على انعكاسات ممارسة التلاميذ في مرحلة التعليم الأساسي للألعاب الإلكترونية على تحصيلهم الدراسي، وطبقت الدراسة الميدانية على عينة من 200 مفردة سحبت بالطريقة العشوائية الطبقية النسبية، وجمعت بياناتها من خلال استمارة مقابلة، واعتمد الباحثان في التعامل مع بيانات الدراسة الميدانية على الجداول التكرارية والنسب المئوية ومعامل كروسكال والليس ومعامل ارتباط جاما، وقد أسفرت الدراسة على جملة من النتائج أهمها: أن ممارسة الألعاب الإلكترونية تستنزف فترات طويلة من ساعات يوم التلاميذ، وأنها دخلت في مرحلة الإدمان وأخذت منحى سلبي، وإن لها انعكاسات سلبية على السلوك وعلى الاقبال على التعلم والمذاكرة والقيام بمتطلبات العملية التعليمية، ومن ثم على مستوى التحصيل الدراسي للتلاميذ؛ حيث وجدت علاقة ارتباط سالبة بين ممارسة الالعاب الإلكترونية ومستوى التحصيل الدراسي؛ ما يعني أنه كلما زادت ساعات ممارسة الألعاب الإلكترونية انخفض التحصيل الدراسي للتلاميذ.
أسباب عدم إعداد قائمة التدفقات النقدية في المصارف التجارية
Authors: عبدالله أشويقى أ. يوسف , سعد فضيل أ. فتحي , رمضان صالح د. صالح 
Published: June 2024

وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة الأسباب التي تواجه المصارف في إعداد قائمة التدفقات النقدية, والتشريعات التي تنص على ضرورة إعداد قائمة التدفقات النقدية, ووجود عناصر متخصصة في إعداد تلك القائمة ومدى الاستفادة منها في المصارف التجارية وقد تم تحديد مجتمع الدراسة من العاملين في الادارة العامة بمصرف الوحدة وفروعه وقام الباحث بأخذ عينة من العاملين في الادارة العامة بمصرف الوحدة والفروع الموجودة في مدينة بنغازي, وقد ثم توزيع 40 استمارة استبيان وكان عدد الفاقد منها هو 5 استمارات, وبذلك تم تحليل 35 استمارة وتوصلت الدارسة إلى النتائج والتوصيات التالية:
1- عدم معرفة الموظفين فى المصارف بأهمية قائمة التدفقات النقدية.
2- عدم أهمية قائمة التدفقات النقدية في نظر المصارف لعدم طلبها من الجهات الرقابية مثل جهاز المراجعة المالية والمصرف المركزي.
3- عدم معرفة موظفي المصارف بالمعايير الدولية التي تنص على ذلك مثل المعيار السابع للمحاسبة.
4- عدم معرفة موظفي المصارف بأهمية التفرقة بين التدفقات النقدية الناتجة عن الأنشطة المختلفة للمصرف (تشغيلية, استثمارية, تمويلية) حيث في بعض الأوقات تكون التدفقات النقدية لا تدل على توسع النشاط وإنما تدل علي مشاكل لدى المصارف.
5- يعتقد موظفي المصارف لا يمكن استخدام بيانات التدفقات النقدية في التنبؤ بالاحتياجات المالية المستقبلية.
6- يعتقد موظفي المصارف لا يمكن إعداد قائمة التدفقات النقدية لعدم وجود أنظمة وتجهيزات حاسوب بالمصرف.
أسباب الطلاق في المجتمع الليبي - دراسة ميدانية على عينة من المطلقات
Authors: محمد علي عبد الكريم د. عادل , محمد علي عبد الكريم د. عادل , عيسى جبريل موسى د. نبيل 
Published: June 2024

تمثل عنوان الدراسة في: أسباب الطلاق في المجتمع الليبي؛ دراسة ميدانية على عينة من المطلقات، انطلقت الدراسة من هدف عام مفاده التعرف على أسباب الطلاق في المجتمع الليبي من وجهة نظر عينة من المطلقات، وطبقت الدراسة الميدانية على عينة من 500 مطلقة سحبت بطريقة المصادفة، وجمعت بياناتها من خلال استمارة استبيان بريدي الكتروني، واعتمد الباحثان في التعامل مع بيانات الدراسة الميدانية على الجداول التكرارية والنسب المئوية، وقد أسفرت الدراسة على جملة من النتائج أهمها: إن أسباب الطلاق في المجتمع الليبي تمثلت في 31 سبباً رئيسياً، وإن أهم هذه الأسباب وفقاً لمعدل انتشارها في عينة الدراسة هي: تدخل أهل الزوج في حياة الزوجين ومشاكلهم مع الزوجة، تفاوت المستوى الثقافي والاجتماعي بين الطرفين، تعاطي وإدمان الزوج للخمور والمخدرات، فارق العمر بين الزوجين وتأثيرها على نظرتهما للأمور، عدم الانسجام بين الزوجين وتباين الشخصيات وعدم وجود قواسم مشتركة بين الزوجين، تدخل أهل الزوجة في حياة الزوجين ومشاكلهم مع الزوج، مشاكل بين أسر الزوجين، صغر سن الزوجة وصعوبة الحياة الزوجية عليها، زواج الزوج بامرأة أخرى أو رغبته في ذلك، عدم تلبية الزوج لمتطلبات الزوجة.