bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfusion practice in the intensive care unit: a 10‐year analysis
Authors: Netzer Giora , Liu Xinggang , Harris Anthony D. , Edelman Bennett B. , Hess John R. , Shanholtz Carl , Murphy David J. , Terrin Michael L. 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines recommend a restrictive transfusion strategy in nonhemorrhaging critically ill patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 3533 single‐admission patients, without evidence of acute coronary syndromes, hemorrhage, or hemoglobinopathy admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a large, academic medical center.RESULTS: MICU admission hemoglobin (Hb) level did not change significantly over the study period. The proportion of transfused patients decreased from 31.0% in 1997 to 1998 to 18.0% in 2006 to 2007 (p < 0.001). Among patients receiving transfusion, the mean pretransfusion Hb level decreased over time from 7.9 ± 1.3 to 7.3 ± 1.3 g/dL (p < 0.001). These changes in practice were not accounted for by differences in patient characteristics. The mean nadir Hb level in nontransfused patients decreased from 11.2 ± 2.2 g/dL in 1997 to 1999 to 10.4 ± 2.3 g/dL in 2006 to 2007 (p < 0.001). The mean number of units per patient transfused decreased during this time from 4.3 ± 4.7 to 3.0 ± 3.8 units (p < 0.001). The proportion of transfused patients who were transfused at a Hb level of less than 7.0 g/dL increased by an estimated absolute increment of 3.2% (95% CI, 2.1%‐4.3%) per interval (p < 0.001), and the proportion of single‐unit transfusions during the first transfusion episode increased by 1.4% per interval (95% CI, 0.2 to 2.6%; p = 0.03) from 40.2% in 1997 to 1998 to 53.1% in 2006 to 2007.CONCLUSIONS: Between 1997 and 2007, important and sustained changes have occurred in our MICU physician transfusion practices, with overall reductions in the proportion of patients transfused, mean pretransfusion Hb level, and nadir Hb level in patients who were not transfused.
Cultural Fantasy Narratives and Heritage Language Learning: A Case Study of Adult Heritage Learners of Spanish
Authors: CORYELL JOELLEN E. , CLARK M. CAROLYN , POMERANTZ ANNE 
Published: June 2010

This study investigates the case of 7 female heritage learners of Spanish who have chosen, as adults, to enroll in online Spanish language instruction at the postsecondary level. Drawing on symbolic convergence theory, it identifies a cultural fantasy metanarrative that participants collectively constructed as they made sense of their language learning histories and desires. Analysis of this metanarrative revealed several subthemes on which participants drew to understand their multilingual identities, their borderland communities, and their language learning perceptions, actions, and responses. It is argued that the heritage learners in this study appropriated and reproduced a metanarrative in which the acquisition of “proper Spanish” (as opposed to a more local variety) was consonant with the attainment of an idealized identity for which they all strived. This metanarrative shaped both the way in which they approached and experienced the learning of Spanish in these online settings. As such, recommendations are provided for designing more responsive and responsible heritage language pedagogies, particularly in computer‐mediated environments.There is something fundamentally different about learning a language, compared to learning another skill or gaining other knowledge, namely, that language and self are so closely bound, if not identical, that an attack on one is an attack on the other. (Cohen & Norst, 1989, p. 61)
Too close for comfort: effect of trap spacing distance and pattern on statistical inference of behavioral choice tests in the field
Authors: McMahon Matthew D. , Raffa Kenneth F. , Nordheim Erik V. , Aukema Brian H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBehavioral choice tests provide a powerful and commonly used technique for evaluating the biological activity of chemical signals. Despite the widespread application of this approach, relatively few studies have evaluated a key assumption, that is, relative independence among treatments. Previous work has demonstrated that both the number of choices and their physical arrangement can affect the results of choice tests with leaf‐feeding insects in laboratory assays. Here, we consider another spatial component, the distance between treatments, in a field assay, using a bark beetle as our model. We used three geometries of trap arrangements, two spacing levels, and both ‘low activity’ lures and a ‘high activity’ lure in our behavioral assays. We found that proximity to an attractive treatment generated unexpectedly high trap catches at relatively non‐attractive treatments, even in the presence of a uniform treatment effect and relatively constant insect population size. Increases in traps baited with ‘low activity’ lures proximate to a highly attractive treatment ranged from 4 to 7× the catch observed in configurations with traps spaced wider apart. Moreover, even in the absence of ‘high activity’ lures, a lure catching less than one insect per day on average could obscure the effect of a control trap at proximate spacing. In our example, a spacing distance of 15 m appears to provide independence among traps used to sample the bark beetle Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), but 3 m does not. Our broader intent is to provide a useful approach to the design and evaluation of behavioral choice experiments in the field.
Reproductive success of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) mature male parr in a small river, the Nivelle: influence of shelters
Authors: Grimardias D. , Merchermek N. , Manicki A. , Garnier J. , Gaudin P. , Jarry M. , Beall E. 
Published: June 2010

Grimardias D, Merchermek N, Manicki A, Garnier J, Gaudin P, Jarry M, Beall E. Reproductive success of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) mature male parr in a small river, the Nivelle: influence of shelters.  Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 510–519. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  The breeding activity of a small population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was monitored on the Nivelle River in southwest France to estimate the overall contribution of mature male parr and the numbers involved in egg fertilisation. In the twelve redds sampled, 563 eggs were collected for parental assignment and the physical habitat was characterised to investigate the possible relationship between parr reproductive success and habitat complexity. The overall contribution of mature male parr was particularly high (87%, one of the highest estimates ever reported). Concerning habitat complexity, granulometry and shelter diversity were correlated with the number of parr breeders contributing to egg fertilisation in each redd. A complex habitat increased multiple paternity, which could affect the effective size and genetic variability of small salmon populations.
Is there any relationship between cytokine spectrum of breast milk and occurence of eosinophilic colitis?
Authors: Durilova Marianna , Stechova Katerina , Petruzelkova Lenka , Stavikova Vendula , Ulmannova Tereza , Nevoral Jiri 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of our study was to analyse cytokine composition of human milk and its relationship to the development of eosinophilic colitis (EC).Methods:  Cytokines were measured by ELISA method in breast milk of 20 mothers of infants who developed EC and 20 controls.Results:  We found significantly higher concentrations of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐gamma) (Th1 cytokine) in breast milk received by EC infants compared to controls (p = 0.0004). In contrary, IL‐18 (Th1‐inducing cytokine) was significantly higher in breast milk received by healthy infants comparing to EC infants (p = 0.001). Regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF‐beta1) showed higher concentrations in breast milk received by healthy infants, although the difference from EC group was not significant (p = 0.072).Conclusion:  The results of our study showed that infants with EC were receiving breast milk with a possibly risky cytokine pattern indicating cytokine imbalance, impaired immunoregulation and the early Th1 shift.
Role of bilevel positive airway pressure in the management of preterm newborns who have received surfactant
Authors: Ancora Gina , Maranella Eugenia , Grandi Sara , Pierantoni Luca , Guglielmi Mariangela , Faldella Giacomo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  Surfactant given during brief intubation followed by immediate extubation on nasal continuous positive airway pressure [Intubation‐Surfactant‐Extubation (InSurE) approach] is used to treat respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. Our aim was to evaluate whether bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) after InSurE failure is able to prevent the need for mechanical ventilation (MV).Methods:  Chart data of infants with a birth weight <1500 gr or GA <32 weeks undergoing InSurE in the period 2002–2008 in an Italian Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were reviewed retrospectively. InSurE failure was defined as follows: FiO2 >0.4, respiratory acidosis or intractable apnoea within 1 week. After InSurE failure, newborns born before the implementation of BiPAP (historical control group) received MV, whereas those born after BiPAP implementation (BiPAP group) received BiPAP and underwent MV only if failure criteria persisted. The two groups were compared to evaluate whether BiPAP reduced the need for MV in the 7 days after InSurE failure.Results:  Six of twenty‐two (27%) and 14 of the 38 (37%) infants failed InSurE in the two groups, respectively (p > 0.05). Need for MV was 27% in the historical control group versus 0% in the BiPAP group (risk estimate, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.24, 5.09; p = 0.001).Conclusions:  BiPAP reduced the need for MV after InSurE failure.
Feasibility of elementary school children’s use of hand gel and facemasks during influenza season
Authors: Allison Mandy A. , Guest‐Warnick Ginger , Nelson Douglas , Pavia Andrew T. , Srivastava Rajendu , Gesteland Per H. , Rolfs Robert T. , Andersen Shannon , Calame Lynne , Young Paul , Byington Carrie L. 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Allison et al. (2010) Feasibility of elementary school children’s use of hand gel and facemasks during influenza season. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(4), 223–229.Background  The feasibility of non‐pharmacologic interventions to prevent influenza’s spread in schools is not well known.Objectives  To determine the acceptability of, adherence with, and barriers to the use of hand gel and facemasks in elementary schools.Patients and Methods  Intervention: We provided hand gel and facemasks to 20 teachers and their students over 4 weeks. Gel use was promoted for the first 2 weeks; mask use was promoted for the second 2 weeks. Outcomes: Acceptability, adherence, and barriers were measured by teachers’ responses on weekly surveys. Mask use was also measured by observation.Results  The weekly survey response rate ranged from 70% to 100%. Averaged over 2 weeks, 89% of teachers thought gel use was not disruptive (week 1 – 17/20, week 2 – 16/17), 95% would use gel next winter (week 1 – 19/20, week 2 – 16/17), and 97% would use gel in a pandemic (week 1 – 20/20, week 2 – 16/17). Averaged over 2 weeks, 39% thought mask use was not disruptive (week 1 – 6/17, week 2 – 6/14), 35% would use masks next winter (week 1 – 5/17, week 2 – 6/14), and 97% would use masks in a pandemic (week 1 – 16/17, week 2 – 14/14). About 70% estimated that their students used hand gel ≥4×/day for both weeks (week 1 – 14/20, week 2 – 13/17). Students’ mask use declined over time with 59% of teachers (10/17) estimating regular mask use during week 1 and 29% (4/14) during week 2. By observation, 30% of students wore masks in week 1, while 15% wore masks in week 2. Few barriers to gel use were identified; barriers to mask use were difficulty reading facial expressions and physical discomfort.Conclusions  Hand gel use is a feasible strategy in elementary schools. Acceptability and adherence with facemasks was low, but some students and teachers did use facemasks for 2 weeks, and most teachers would use masks in their classroom in a pandemic.
The Photostabilization of Hemoglobin in Triton X‐100 Aqueous Solution and Triton X‐100/n‐C5H11OH/H2O Microemulsion
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Guo Rong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe influence of UV‐irradiation on the interaction of hemoglobin (Hb) with Triton X‐100 is investigated by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and freeze‐fractured transmission electron microscopy. It is found that in Triton X‐100/H2O systems Hb can convert to hemichrome but heme is not present, whereas in Triton X‐100/n‐C5H11OH/H2O microemulsion Hb can convert to hemichrome and then induce the heme monomer to leave the hydrophobic cavity of Hb. UV‐irradiation can also convert Hb to hemichrome, and subsequently make heme to be photodegraded, in which the conversion rate depends on the structure of the surfactant aggregates. Furthermore, in order to understand the mechanism of photostabilization of Hb in Triton X‐100 systems, the photostabilization of heme in the Triton X‐100 aqueous solutions and Triton X‐100/n‐C5H11OH/H2O microemulsions has been studied.
Taxol, a Microtubule Stabilizer, Improves Cardiac Functional Recovery during Postischemic Reperfusion in Rat in Vitro
Authors: Xiao Junjie , Liang Dandan , Liu Ying , Zhang Hong , Liu Yi , Zhao Hong , Li Jun , Peng Luying , Zhou Zhaonian , Chen Yi‐Han 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYAims: Microtubule disruption contributes to cellular and organic dysfunction, and is implicated in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of taxol, a microtubule stabilizer, on cardiac functional recovery during reperfusion. Methods: Left ventricular developed pressure, left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure, maximal time derivatives of pressure and the severity of ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed in isolated rat heart. Microtubule structure was immunohistochemically measured. Apoptosis and necrosis was identified with TUNEL or TTC staining, respectively. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) mRNA expression was examined by real‐time polymerase chain reactions. mPTP opening, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative enzyme activities were measured with fluorometric or spectrophotometric techniques. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and Ca2+ transients were examined by Fura‐2‐AM and Fluo‐3‐AM, respectively. Cytosolic cytochrome c, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA2), ryanodine receptors (RyR), phospholamban (PLB), and PLB phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blot. Effective refractory period (ERP) and afterpotential‐mediated activity were detected using microelectrode. Results: Taxol improved the functional recovery of post‐I/R. Taxol preserved the intact microtubule structure in reperfusion. mPTP mRNA expression was unchanged while the mPTP opening was reduced by taxol, and this effect was accompanied by the decreased ROS level caused by oxidative enzymes activities’ changes. Taxol reduced apoptosis and the level of cytosolic cytochrome c in reperfusion. Taxol also promoted rapid recovery of [Ca2+]i, prevented reduction of the amplitude of Ca2+ transients and shortened the decay time of Ca2+ transients. The protein expression of SERCA2, RyR, and PLB remained unchanged in reperfusion. Taxol prevented the increase of Phospho‐Thr17‐PLB and Phospho‐Ser16‐PLB in reperfusion. In addition, taxol facilitated rapid recovery of ERP and counter‐acted afterpotential‐mediated activity. Conclusion: Taxol may effectively improve cardiac functional recovery during reperfusion via inhibiting mPTP opening, ameliorating abnormal calcium homeostasis, and reducing the substrates associated with arrhythmias.
Apoptosis‐Inducing Factor and Cyclophilin A Cotranslocate to the Motor Neuronal Nuclei in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model Mice
Authors: Tanaka Hirotaka , Shimazaki Hiroki , Kimura Masataka , Izuta Hiroshi , Tsuruma Kazuhiro , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Hara Hideaki 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYAims:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease whose mechanism is not understood. Recently, it was reported that apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) was involved in motor neuronal cell death in ALS model mice, and AIF‐induced neuronal cell death by interacting with cyclophilin A (CypA). However, it is unknown whether the CypA and AIF‐complex induces chromatinolysis in ALS. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the process of motor neuron degeneration as the disease progresses and to determine whether the CypA‐AIF complex would play a role in inducing motor neuronal cell death in mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)G93AALS model mice.Methodology:We prepared the nuclear fractions of spinal cords and demonstrated the nuclear translocation of CypA with AIF in SOD1G93Amice by immunoprecipitation. The localization of CypA and AIF in the spinal cords was assessed by immunohistochemistry.Results:In the spinal cords of SOD1G93Amice, the expressions of CypA and AIF were detected in the motor neurons, and CypA and AIF cotranslocated to the motor neuronal nuclei with CypA. Furthermore, the expression of CypA was detected in GFAP‐positive astrocytes, but not in CD11b‐positive microglial cells. On the other hand, these findings were not detected in the spinal cords of wild‐type mice.Conclusions:From these results, we suggest that CypA and AIF may play cooperative and pivotal roles in motor neuronal death in the murine ALS model.
Subclinical coronary artery disease in Asian rheumatoid arthritis patients who were in remission: a pilot study
Authors: MA N. Hanim , TEH C.L. , RAPAEE A. , LAU K.B. , FONG Alan Y.Y. , HI Sithy , CHANG B.C. , YEW K.L. , LIEW H.B. , ANG C.K. , ONG T.K. , CHUA S.K. , CHIN Rowland W.M. , SIM K.H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who have active disease with longer disease duration have been reported to have increased risk of cardiovascular events compared to the normal population.Objective:  The primary aim of our study is to ascertain the prevalence of significant asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) in Asian RA patients who are in remission using multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT). The secondary aims of our study are the usage of pulse wave velocity and the biomarkers N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and high‐senstivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) to detect subclinical atherosclerosis in RA patients.Methods:  We performed a comparative cross‐sectional study of 47 RA patients who were in remission with a control group of non‐RA patients with a history of atypical chest pain in Sarawak General Hospital from November 2008 to February 2009. All patients underwent 64‐slice MDCT, assessment of arterial stiffness using the SphygmoCor test and blood analysis for NT‐proBNP and hsCRP.Results:  There were 94 patients in our study with a mean age of 50 ± 8.8 years. The RA and control patients in each group were matched in terms of traditional CV risk factors. Our RA patients had a median disease duration of 3 years (IQR 5.5). MDCT showed evidence of CAD in nine (19.1%) RA patients and three (6.4%) control patients (P = 0.06). There was no significant association between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and presence of CAD in our RA group. There was no significant correlation between PWV with levels of proBNP or hsCRP in our RA patients.Conclusions:  In our current pilot study with the limitation of small sample size, RA was not associated with an increased risk of CAD in our RA patients who were in remission. Larger studies of CAD in Asian RA patients are needed to confirm our current finding.
Commentary: Business Black Swans and the Use and Abuse of a Notion
Authors: Dean Graeme , Clarke Frank 
Published: June 2010

Historical enquiry reveals how ideas mutate. This paper traces how ideas and practices underpinning initial understandings of fair value accounting (FVA) have changed as the concept drifted from the utility rate‐setting context to that of corporate financial reporting. The recall of history for the purpose of ‘learning lessons from the past’ has frequently resulted in misunderstandings of the historical record and misapplication of so‐called lessons. A more fruitful approach to recalling history is to gain insights into the development of the ideas (good and bad) that have contributed to current predicaments. Initially fair value was the basis for specific pricing calculations related to companies with a highly restricted scope of operations. Later, more by accident than design, the concept became a general purpose application used in the financial statements of highly and freely adaptive companies. The mark‐to‐market (MtM) dispute emerging in the global financial crisis (GFC) has given rise to a further mutation of the use of FVA. Discarding MtM contradicts what history tells us was the purpose of adopting fair value into accounting for adaptive companies. This analysis also highlights how conducive accounting theory and practice are subject to politicisation. Accounting is an apparently unresisting victim of interested parties’ special pleading, resulting in the corruption of its technical function – in this case primarily because it is inconvenient to have accounting data tell it how it is.
Noble gas study of the Saratov L4 chondrite
Authors: MATSUDA Jun‐ichi , TSUKAMOTO Hidetomo , MIYAKAWA Chie , AMARI Sachiko 
Published: June 2010

Abstract– We have determined the elemental abundances and the isotopic compositions of noble gases in a bulk sample and an HF/HCl residue of the Saratov (L4) chondrite using stepwise heating. The Ar, Kr, and Xe concentrations in the HF/HCl residue are two orders of magnitude higher than those in the bulk sample, while He and Ne concentrations from both are comparable. The residue contains only a portion of the trapped heavy noble gases in Saratov; 40 ± 9% for 36Ar, 58 ± 12% for 84Kr, and 48 ± 10% for 132Xe, respectively. The heavy noble gas elemental pattern in the dissolved fraction is similar to that in the residue but has high release temperatures. Xenon isotopic ratios of the HF/HCl residue indicate that there is no Xe‐HL in Saratov, but Ne isotopic ratios in the HF/HCl residue lie on a straight line connecting the cosmogenic component and a composition between Ne‐Q and Ne‐HL. This implies that the Ne isotopic composition of Q has been changed by incorporating Ne‐HL (Huss et al. 1996) or by being mass fractionated during the thermal metamorphism. However, it is most likely that the Ne‐Q in Saratov is intrinsically different from this component in other meteorites. The evidence of this is a lack of correlation between the isotopic ratio of Ne‐Q and petrologic types of meteorites (Busemann et al. 2000). A neutron capture effect was observed in the Kr isotopes, and this process also affected the 128Xe/132Xe ratio. The 3He and 21Ne exposure ages for the bulk sample are 33 and 35 Ma, respectively.
A Theoretical Model for Design in Management Science
Authors: de Mozota Brigitte Borja 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDesign management has changed greatly since Peter Gorb's definition in 1990. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the various models of design management and to explain their limitations, given the paradigm shift within the design profession from an activity to a knowledge‐based profession.The territory of design in management science is developed in detail within the limits of these diverging forces. A convergent model of design‐value management, based not on practices but on management science models, is developed and applied. This is pertinent to the emerging trend in design leadership and to the potential for design thinking input ahead of the new challenges facing contemporary managers—sense building, complexity, innovation, and the socially responsible organization.