bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancienneté au chômage et principaux facteurs associés
Authors: Ruggiero Michèle 
Published: July 2011

Antigüedad en estado de desempleo y principales factores asociados,
por Michèle Ruggiero.

En este artículo se presentan métodos no paramétricos de análisis de las duraciones del desempleo y un ejemplo de su utilización en una muestra de antigüedades en estado de desempleo extraida del Fichero nacional de benefîciarios de subsidios de desempleo de la Unión para el empleo en la industria y el comercio. Así se evalúa el impacto de la edad, del motivo del desempleo o del importe del último salario antes de perder el empleo, de forma bastante diferente a los métodos econométricos convencionales, sin hipótesis preliminares sobre la relación entre la antigüedad en estado de desempleo y los factores que podrían determinarla.
Estimation d'un modèle de sortie de chômage à destinations multiples
Authors: Cases Chantal , Lollivier Stéfan 
Published: July 2011

Schätzung eines Modells des Austritts aus der Arbeitslosigkeit mit verschiedenen Fällen der Beendigung,
von Chantai Cases, Stefan Lollivier.

In die Dauermodelle, die für die Analyse des Endes der Arbeitslosigkeit zur Anwendung kommen, werden häufig die Unterschiede zwischen den Individuen mit einbezogen. Nicht so oft beriicksichtigt wird bei den Schätzungen dagegen die Heterogenität der einzelnen Fälle der Beendigung. Auf dem Arbeitsmarkt vollzieht sich jedoch immer mehr eine Segmentierung zwischen regelmäßigen und unsicheren Beschäftigungen. In dieser Untersuchung soil deshalb ein Dauermodell mit drei möglichen Fällen des Austritts aus der Arbeitslosigkeit geschätzt werden, wobei der Dualismus des Arbeitsmarktes und das éventuelle Ausscheiden aus dem Erwerbsleben berücksichtigt werden. Sowohl die Dauer als auch der Effekt der exogenen Variablen weisen je nach den drei Fällen erhebliche Unterschiede auf.
Ajustement des cotisations sociales et chômage d'équilibre
Authors: Corneo Giacomo 
Published: July 2011

Anpassung der Sozialbeiträge und Gleichgewichtsarbeitslosigkeit,
von Giacomo Corneo.

In diesem Artikel wird eine theoretische Analyse der Effekte der von den Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern zu entrichtenden Sozialbeiträge in einem Modell mit zwei Besonderheiten entwickelt, nämlich einer Wirtschaft mit kollektiven Lohnverhandlungen und einer Wirtschaft mit Effizienzlöhnen. Untersucht werden Angleichungen, die sowohl den Durchschnitts- als auch den Grenzsatz der Sozialbeiträge beeinflussen. Die wichtigste Schlußfolgerung ist, daß eine Erhöhung des Grads der Beitragsprogression die Beschäftigung fördern kann. Die Logik einer solchen Maßnahme läßt sich mit derjenigen einer Einkommenspolitik vergleichen, die durch eine Besteuerung der Lohnerhöhungen die Mechanismen der überzogenen Lohnforderungen zu schwächen versucht.
Capital humain et croissance économique : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Logossah Kinvi D.A. 
Published: July 2011

Human Capital and Economic Growth,
by Kinvi D.A. Logossah.

This paper sets out to review the theory of human capital while examining its empirical validity. It shows that the traditional hypothesis whereby education is an investment that increases individual efficiency and thus productivity and gains has been enlarged by various criticisms such as filter models, theories of labour market heterogeneousness, the efficient wages model, and domination, discrimination and patriarchate hypotheses. Therefore, although the level of education might appear to be a reliable measurement of the qualification level (orthodox model), it could also be regarded as an indicator of potential productivity (filter model). Moreover, other factors besides education influence productivity and individual gains. These are mainly seniority and experience and, more generally, the characteristics of the labour demand (theories of labour market heterogeneousness, the efficient wages model, and domination, discrimination and patriarchate theories). The analysis of human capital continues and is taking diverse routes. It has been greatly enhanced by recent studies on endogenous growth.
Observations sur la production et le commerce des céréales en Languedoc méditerranéen durant l'Age du Fer : les formes de stockage des grains
Authors: Garcia Dominique 
Published: July 2011

Ce travail présente la documentation archéologique relative au stockage des céréales pour les départements de l'Aude, de l'Hérault et du Gard, entre le Bronze final III et le début de l'époque augustéenne. Les deux formes de réserves sont étudiées : le stockage en atmosphère confinée (en particulier les silos) et à l'air libre (urnes et dolia principalement). Jusqu'au début du VIe s. av. J.-C, les seuls récipients de stockage connus sont de grandes urnes en céramique non tournée adaptées à une production modeste. Dans le second quart du VIe s. av. J.-C. apparaissent les premiers exemplaires de dolia, probablement importés. On observe, dans la partie Est de la zone étudiée, un accroissement de l'utilisation du dolium à partir du milieu du Ve s. et jusqu'au dernier tiers du Ier s. av. J.-C, avec cependant une probable réduction dans les deux premiers tiers du IIIe s. av. J.C.
L'usage du silo, technique indigène de conservation à long terme, se généralisera dès le début du Ve s., surtout en Languedoc occidental et durera jusqu'à la romanisation. Il peut s'agir soit de silos isolés, soit de véritables batteries comme à Ensérune et Montfo (Hérault) ou Carsac (Aude).
Un quartier artisanal d'époque romaine à Aix-en-Provence. Bilan de la fouille de sauvetage du « parking Signoret » en 1991
Authors: Rivet Lucien 
Published: July 2011

Cette contribution présente les résultats d'une fouille d'urgence menée, durant l'été 1991, sur un terrain de 2000 m2 situé dans le secteur nord-est d'Aix-en-Provence, entre la traverse Signoret et la Maison des Jeunes et de la Culture Bellegarde. Les constructions mises au jour correspondaient à trois bâtiments dont deux ont pu être caractérisés : un atelier de pressage (huile ou vin ?) et un atelier de verrerie, l'un et l'autre développant leur activité entre la fin du Ier s. de n.è. et le IIIe s.
De part et d'autre de ces bâtiments s'étendaient des espaces libres et, au sud, très vraisemblablement, les terres étaient mises en culture. Les eaux usées des ateliers se déversaient dans un fossé, ouvert au sud et parallèle aux bâtiments.
L'ensemble de ces constatations démontre, à l'évidence, que le site est bien extra muros et que la limite urbaine à' Aquae Sextiae est à replacer plus au sud.
Un temple du début de l'Empire à Murviel-lès-Montpellier (Hérault). Hypothèse de restitution
Authors: Gassend Jean-Marie , Escalon G. , Soyris Paul 
Published: July 2011

Le monument que nous nous proposons d'étudier se trouve à l'intérieur de l'enceinte basse de l'oppidum du Castellas à
Murviel-lès-Montpellier, enceinte datée du Ier siècle av. J.-C.
Les premiers vestiges découverts correspondent à l'implantation d'une esplanade bordée au sud par un mur de soutènement, reconnu sur
une vingtaine de mètres de longueur. Ce mur est soutenu par des contreforts formant une série d'une douzaine de niches situées en
contrebas de l'esplanade et bordant une rue dallée.
Par la suite, cinq de ces niches sont comblées en même temps qu'il s'est construit des murs sur plan rectangulaire, correspondant à celui
d'un temple de 20 m de long par 10 m de large, orienté Nord/Sud. De part et d'autre de la façade est probablement édifié un portique
sur plan en demi-exèdre.
La richesse architecturale des vestiges découverts et le matériel archéologique nous permettent de dater ce temple de la fin du Ier siècle
av. J.-C.
Évaluation d’un programme de formation à la clairvoyance normative pour demandeurs d’emploi
Authors: Férec Nadia , Pansu Pascal , Py Jacques , Somat Alain 
Published: July 2011

L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’efficacité d’un programme de formation à la clairvoyance normative pour demandeurs d’emploi à partir du modèle de Kirkpatrick (1998). Deux groupes de participants ont été constitués : un groupe expérimental « formation clairvoyance normative » et un groupe contrôle « formation classique ». Les résultats ont montré un effet bénéfique du programme de formation à la clairvoyance normative sur les réactions des participants quant à l’utilité perçue de la formation (niveau 1), sur les apprentissages immédiats et différés en matière de connaissances et de savoir-faire en situation (niveau 2), ainsi que sur la généralisation des apprentissages (niveau 3). Les résultats concernant les reclassements (niveau 4) enregistrés immédiatement à l’issue de la formation sont modestes et conformes au taux de reclassement habituel. Ces résultats sont discutés au regard du modèle de Kirkpatrick.
Analyse cognitive et linguistique de l’illettrisme : bilan des études et implications pour la formation
Authors: Eme Elsa , Nantes Nicolas , Delliaux Christine 
Published: July 2011

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter un bilan des études qui ont porté sur l’analyse des capacités cognitives et linguistiques associées aux difficultés de lecture des adultes illettrés fonctionnels, c’est-à-dire des adultes qui n’ont pas réussi à apprendre à lire et à écrire malgré des années de scolarité. Trois questions sont posées : 1) comment se caractérisent les difficultés d’accès à la langue écrite des adultes illettrés ? 2) leurs difficultés à l’écrit sont-elles liées à des déficits cognitifs et/ou de langage oral susceptibles d’expliquer l’échec de l’apprentissage ; 3) quelles sont les implications de ces évaluations pour la formation des adultes illettrés en vue d’une insertion socio-professionnelle ?
Enhanced expression of tubulin‐specific chaperone protein a, mitochondrial ribosomal protein S27, and the DNA excision repair protein XPACCH in the song system of juvenile male zebra finches
Authors: Qi Linda M. , Mohr Margaret , Wade Juli 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that sexual dimorphisms in the zebra finch song system and behavior arise due to factors intrinsic to the brain, rather than being solely organized by circulating steroid hormones. The present study examined expression of 10 sex chromosome genes in the song system of 25‐day‐old zebra finches in an attempt to further elucidate these factors. Increased expression in males was confirmed for nine of the genes by real‐time qPCR using cDNA from individual whole telecephalons. In situ hybridization at the same age revealed specific, male‐enhanced mRNA for three of the nine genes in one or more song control nuclei. These genes encode tubulin‐specific chaperone A, mitochondrial ribosomal protein S27, and a DNA repair protein XPACCH. Based on what is currently known about these proteins' functions and their localization to particular components of the song circuit, we hypothesize that they each may be involved in specific aspects of masculinization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 199–207, 2012
Sonogashira‐Type Reactions with 5‐Chloro‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes: A Straightforward Approach to Pyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridines
Authors: Vilkauskaitė Gytė , Šačkus Algirdas , Holzer Wolfgang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe easily obtainable 5‐chloro‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes 2 were used as precursors in Sonogashira‐type cross‐coupling reactions with various alkynes to provide the corresponding 5‐alkynyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes 3. Treatment of these with tert‐butylamine with microwave assistance afforded the corresponding 1‐phenylpyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridines 4. The oximes 5 – derived from the aldehydes 3 – were transformed into the corresponding 1‐phenylpyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridine 5‐oxides 6 through silver‐triflate‐catalysed regioselective cyclisation. Ring closure of the oximes 5 in the presence of iodine in ethanol gave the 7‐iodo‐1‐phenylpyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridine 5‐oxides 7. Detailed NMR spectroscopic investigations were undertaken with all obtained products.
Improving detection of siderotic nodules in cirrhotic liver with a multi‐breath‐hold susceptibility‐weighted imaging technique
Authors: Dai Yongming , Zeng Mengsu , Li Ruokun , Rao Shengxiang , Chen Caizhong , DelProposto Zachary , Haacke E.M. , Hu Jiani , Renate Jerecic 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the role of abdominal susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) in the detection of siderotic nodules in cirrhotic liver.Materials and Methods:Forty patients with pathologically identified liver cirrhosis and 40 age/sex‐matched normal controls underwent T1‐, T2‐, T2*‐weighted imaging and SWI at 3T. Two radiologists prospectively analyzed all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Siderotic nodules detected by each imaging technique were counted for comparison. The conspicuity of siderotic nodules was assessed using a scale from 1 to 3 (1, weak; 2, moderate; 3, prominent).Results:The number of siderotic nodules detected by SWI (3863) was significantly greater than that of T1‐weighted imaging (262, P < 0.001), T2‐weighted imaging (842, P < 0.001), and T2*‐weighted imaging (2475, P < 0.001). No suspected siderotic nodules were detected in normal controls by any imaging technique.Conclusion:SWI appears to provide the most sensitive method to detect siderotic nodules in cirrhotic liver. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Computational Magic of the Ventral Stream: Towards a Theory
Authors: Poggio Tomaso 
Published: July 2011

AbstractI conjecture that the sample complexity of object recognition is mostly due to geometric image transformations and that a main goal of the ventral stream – V1, V2, V4 and IT – is to learn-and-discount image transformations. The most surprising implication of the theory emerging from these assumptions is that the computational goals and detailed properties of cells in the ventral stream follow from symmetry properties of the visual world through a process of unsupervised correlational learning.From the assumption of a hierarchy of areas with receptive fields of increasing size the theory predicts that the size of the receptive fields determines which transformations are learned during development and then factored out during normal processing; that the transformation represented in each area determines the tuning of the neurons in the aerea, independently of the statistics of natural images; and that class-specific transformations are learned and represented at the top of the ventral stream hierarchy.Some of the main predictions of this theory-in-fieri are:1. the type of transformation that are learned from visual experience depend on the size (measured in terms of wavelength) and thus on the area (layer in the models) – assuming that the aperture size increases with layers;2. the mix of transformations learned determine the properties of the receptive fields – oriented bars in V1+V2, radial and spiral patterns in V4 up to class specific tuning in AIT (eg face tuned cells);3. invariance to small translations in V1 may underly stability of visual perception4. class-specific modules – such as faces, places and possibly body areas – should exist in IT to process images of object classes.
Anatomy of a laterally migrating tidal bar in front of a delta system: Esdolomada Member, Roda Formation, Tremp‐Graus Basin, Spain
Authors: OLARIU MARIANA I. , OLARIU CORNEL , STEEL RONALD J. , DALRYMPLE ROBERT W. , MARTINIUS ALLARD W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe first sandstone unit of the Esdolomada Member of the Roda Formation (hereafter referred to as ‘Esdolomada 1’) was formed by a laterally‐migrating, shelf tidal bar. This interpretation is based on detailed mapping of the bedding surfaces on the digital terrain model of the outcrop built from light detection and ranging data and outcrop photomosaics combined with vertical measured sections. The Esdolomada 1 sandbody migrated laterally (i.e. transverse to the tidal currents) towards the south‐west along slightly inclined (1.6° to 4.6°) master bedding surfaces. The locally dominant tidal current flowed to the north‐west. This current direction is indicated by the presence of stacked sets of high‐angle (average 21°) cross‐stratification formed by dunes that migrated in this direction, apparently in an approximately coast‐parallel direction. The tidal bar contains sets and cosets of medium‐grained cross‐stratified sandstone that stack to reach a thickness of about 5·5 m. Individual cross‐bed sets average about 50 cm thick (with a range of 10 to 70 cm) and have lengths of ca 130 to 250 m in a direction perpendicular to the palaeocurrent. Set thickness decreases in the direction of migration, towards the south‐west, and the degree of bioturbation increases, so that the cross‐bedded sandstones gradually change into highly bioturbated finer‐grained and thinner‐bedded sandstones lacking any cross‐stratification. The rate of thinning of individual dune sets as they are traced down any obliquely‐accreting master surface is some 40 cm per 100 m (0·004) for the older, thicker sandstones, whereas the younger, thinner beds thin at a rate of 15 cm over 100 m (0·0015). The tidal bar has a sharp base and top and is encased in finer‐grained bioturbated, marine sandstones. The Esdolomada bar crest was oriented north‐west to south‐east, parallel to the tidal palaeocurrents and to the nearby palaeoshoreline, but built by lateral accretion towards the south‐west. Lateral outbuilding generated a flat‐topped bar with a measured width of about 1700 m, and a preserved height of 5·5 m. The bar, disconnected from a genetically related south‐westward prograding delta some 2 km to the north‐east, developed during the transgressive phase of a sedimentary cycle. The tidal bar was most probably initiated as a delta‐attached bar at the toesets of the delta front and during transgression evolved into a detached tidal bar.
The use of gene therapy vs. corticotomy surgery in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Iglesias‐Linares A , Moreno‐Fernandez AM , Yañez‐Vico R , Mendoza‐Mendoza A , Gonzalez‐Moles M , Solano‐Reina E 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article:
Iglesias‐Linares A, Moreno‐Fernandez AM, Yañez‐Vico R, Mendoza‐Mendoza A, Gonzalez‐Moles M, Solano‐Reina E: The use of gene therapy vs. corticotomy surgery in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:138–148Structured AbstractAuthors –  Iglesias‐Linares A, Moreno‐Fernandez AM, Yañez‐Vico R, Mendoza‐Mendoza A, Gonzalez‐Moles M, Solano‐Reina EObjective –  Alveolar corticotomy surgery is an adjunctive therapy for reducing orthodontic treatment duration. The activation pathways of bone resorption involved in the tooth movement (TM) process are directly linked to the receptor activator of the nuclear factor‐kB ligand (RANKL). Whether similar molecular pathways through RANKL, are shared by the acceleratory TM process (corticotomy‐induced or not), sustained acceleration would therefore be expected with transgenic overexpression of this factor. We hypothesize that maintaining transgenic overexpression of RANKL will accelerate TM under force over time rather than at the beginning of therapy only; this contrasts with the corticotomy procedure.Material and Methods –  We transfected the pcDNA3.1(+)‐mRANKL transgene in vitro into NIH3T3 cells, then evaluated by PCR, Western blot and ex vivo resorption assay. Quantification of RANKL immunofluorescence, fluorescence‐based tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase+ (TRAP+) osteoclast counts and histological analyses of the bone resorption area were performed and clinically correlated after a 32‐day in vivo experiment comparing corticotomy and gene therapy.Results –  In vitro experiments resulted in increased level of RANKL protein (46%, p < 0.05) and greater mineral resorption (39%, p < 0.05) compared to the controls. In vivo results showed increased RANKL immunoexpression for both corticotomy (twofold) and transfection groups (threefold) after 10 days. After 32 days, a similar result was obtained for the transfected group but not for the surgery group. These data correlate with the clinical effect of decelerating TM in the surgery group.Conclusions –  Selective gene therapy with RANKL has been experimentally tested as an alternative method to corticotomy surgery, showing higher effectiveness than surgical methods used for acceleratory purposes in orthodontics.
Polymorphism of insulin‐like growth factor 1 gene is associated with breast muscle yields in chickens
Authors: SATO Shinichi , OHTAKE Tsuyoshi , UEMOTO Yoshinobu , OKUMURA Yumi , KOBAYASHI Eiji 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTInsulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF1) plays an important role in muscle development in chickens. In this study, an F2 chicken population of 362 individuals, obtained from an intercross between high breast muscle yield line males and low breast muscle yield (LB) line females, was constructed for investigating the associations between IGF1 gene and breast muscle yields. The IGF1 sequence was investigated in the grandparents. There were no differences in the exon sequences. However, sequence analysis of the IGF1 promoter revealed a known single nucleotide polymorphism (g.570C > A) in LB line grandparents. PCR – restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for screening the F2 population, which was evaluated for body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), breast muscle weight (BMW), and breast fillet weight (BFW). Significant associations with the polymorphism were detected for BMW, BFW, BMW% and BFW%, although there were no associations between the polymorphism and BW or CW. The allelic effect on BMW, BFW, BMW% and BFW% acted in additive and dominance modes. We confirmed that the g.570C > A polymorphism is significantly associated with breast muscle yields in the F2 population. Therefore, this polymorphism in the IGF1 gene may help improve breast muscle yields by marker‐assisted selection.