bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are induced pluripotent stem cells the future of cell‐based regenerative therapies for spinal cord injury?
Authors: Salewski Ryan P.F. , Eftekharpour Eftekhar , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDespite advances in medical and surgical care, current clinical therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI) are limited. During the last two decades, the search for new therapies has been revolutionized by the discovery of stem cells, inspiring scientists and clinicians to search for stem cell‐based reparative approaches for many disorders, including neurotrauma. Cell‐based therapies using embryonic and adult stem cells in animal models of these disorders have provided positive outcome results. However, the availability of clinically suitable cell sources for human application has been hindered by both technical and ethical issues. The recent discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells holds the potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine by offering the option of autologous transplantation, thus eliminating the issue of host rejection. Herein, we will provide the rationale for the use of iPS cells in SCI therapies. In this review, we will evaluate the recent advancements in the field of iPS cells including their capacity for differentiation toward neural lineages that may allow iPS cells transplantation in cell‐based therapy for spinal cord repair. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 515–521, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human cleft lip and palate fibroblasts and normal nicotine‐treated fibroblasts show altered in vitro expressions of genes related to molecular signaling pathways and extracellular matrix metabolism
Authors: Baroni Tiziano , Bellucci Catia , Lilli Cinzia , Pezzetti Furio , Carinci Francesco , Lumare Eleonora , Palmieri Annalisa , Stabellini Giordano , Bodo Maria 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) is a frequent craniofacial malformation caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a known risk factor, due to the teratogenic role of nicotine. To assess and compare the impact of CLP and nicotine, we studied the quantitative expression of genes involved in signaling pathways and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism in human normal nicotine‐treated (NicN) and CLP fibroblasts compared to normal control (CTRL) cells. Palatal fibroblast cultures from seven CLP children and seven age‐matched CTRL subjects were established and subconfluent cells incubated for 24 h without (CTRL and CLP fibroblasts) or with (NicN fibroblasts) 0.6 mM nicotine. Gene expressions were analyzed by real‐time quantitative PCR. For the first time, a regulated cholinergic signaling in our human fibroblasts in vitro was demonstrated. Members of TGF‐beta, retinoic acid (RA), and GABA‐ergic signaling systems were also differently regulated. Among the ECM genes, fibronectin, syndecan, integrin α2, and MMP13 genes were concordantly modulated, while integrin β5, and decorin genes were discordantly modulated. Interestingly, nicotine treatment regulated gene expressions of CD44 and CLPTM1, two candidate genes for CLP. Our findings show a positive association between nicotine treatment and CLP phenotype. Results suggest that nicotine deranges normal palate development, which might contribute to the development of a CLP malformative phenotype, through the impairment of some important signaling systems and ECM composition. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 748–756, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methylation analysis by DNA immunoprecipitation
Authors: Thu Kelsie L. , Pikor Larissa A. , Kennett Jennifer Y. , Alvarez Carlos E. , Lam Wan L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDNA methylation regulates gene expression primarily through modification of chromatin structure. Global methylation studies have revealed biologically relevant patterns of DNA methylation in the human genome affecting sequences such as gene promoters, gene bodies, and repetitive elements. Disruption of normal methylation patterns and subsequent gene expression changes have been observed in several diseases especially in human cancers. Immunoprecipitation (IP)‐based methods to evaluate methylation status of DNA have been instrumental in such genome‐wide methylation studies. This review describes techniques commonly used to identify and quantify methylated DNA with emphasis on IP based platforms. In an effort to consolidate the wealth of information and highlight critical aspects of methylated DNA analysis, sample considerations, experimental and bioinformatic approaches for analyzing genome‐wide methylation profiles, and the benefit of integrating DNA methylation data with complementary dimensions of genomic data are discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 522–531, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of the p53–MDM2 interaction by adenovirus delivery of ribosomal protein L23 stabilizes p53 and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Shi Yongquan , Li Xiaohua , Du Wenqi , Luo Guanhong , Gou Yawen , Wang Xin , Guo Xuegang , Liu Jie , Ding Jie , Wu Kaichun , Fan Daiming 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundInhibiting MDM2 activity in tumors that express wild‐type (wt) p53 but have high levels of MDM2 protein has been considered an attractive anticancer strategy for many years. Previous studies revealed that human ribosomal protein L23 (RPL23) inhibited MDM2‐mediated p53 degradation and thus induced p53 levels as well as its activity, suggesting that it might be a candidate for use as a gene therapy for cancer. In the present study, we evaluated whether targeting this pathway could be of therapeutic value against human gastric carcinoma.MethodsGastric cancer cell lines carrying wt or mutant p53 gene were infected with adenovirus expressing RPL23 (Ad‐RPL23). Cell growth assay, flow cytometry assay and morphology were used to observe the effects of Ad‐RPL23 infection on tumor cells, and further, the effect of Ad‐RPL23 treatment on tumor growth in vivo was investigated.ResultsIn vitro, adenovirus‐mediated RPL23 gene transfer stabilized wt p53 by inhibiting its degradation, and thus resulted in G1‐S cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis of human gastric cancer MKN45 and AGS cells carrying wt p53 gene. Adenovirus‐mediated RPL23 gene transfer also inhibited the growth of MKN45 tumors in subcutaneous mouse models.ConclusionsThe data obtained in the present study suggest that, through the inhibition of the p53–MDM2 interaction, adenovirus delivery of RPL23 can inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells harboring wt p53 in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous RPL23‐induced wt p53 stabilization and activation may be a novel therapeutic approach for patients with gastric cancer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of the potential to develop inbound Japanese tourism to Northeast Scotland using the Thomas Blake Glover connection
Authors: Nash Robert , Martin Andrew , Dalkarl Lis B. , Leith Craig , Stansbie Paul 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis research explores the strength of the potential niche market associated with the Japanese's connection to Thomas Blake Glover. The study involved research to ascertain whether there is sufficient demand in Japan to sustain a heritage attraction or trail built up around Blake Glover in Northeast Scotland, as a means to counteract the decline of primary sector industries in the area. More specifically, the research set out to identify strategies to optimise the Blake Glover connection as a resource for Northeast Scotland. The research also highlights issues of significance to the wider Scottish tourism product in terms of attempting to attract the Japanese market to Scotland. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and kinetic study of hydrolysis of di‐2‐chloroaniline phosphate ester in acidic medium
Authors: Choure Nitin , Bhoite S. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanism of the acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of di‐2‐chloroaniline phosphate ester were studied in 0.5–7.0 mol dm−3hydrochloric acid at 80°C in 20/80 (v/v) dioxane–water medium. The log rate profile shows rate maximum at 4.0 mol dm−3hydrochloric acid. The results show that di‐2‐chloroaniline phosphate is reactive mainly via conjugate acid species. Ionic strength data show a positive salt effect. The effect of different parameters such as temperature, solvent, and substrate concentration on the rate of hydrolysis was studied. Molecularity and order of the reaction have been supported by Arrhenius parameters, the Zucker–Hammett hypothesis. The rate values shown by experimental and theoretical computational hold good agreements in the entire acid range. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 126–131, 2010
Kinetic study of the interaction of adenosine 5′‐monophosphate with diaqua (2‐hydrazinopyridine) palladium(II) in aqueous medium
Authors: Khattab Mohamed M. , Soliman Ahmed A. , Linert Wolfgang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe interaction of the palladium(II) complex [Pd(hzpy)(H2O)2]2+, where hzpy is 2‐hydrazinopyridine, with purine nucleoside adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐AMP) was studied kinetically under pseudo‐first‐order conditions, using stopped‐flow techniques. The reaction was found to take place in two consecutive reaction steps, which are both dependent on the actual 5′‐AMP concentration. The activation parameters for the two reaction steps, i.e. ΔH = 32 ±2 kJ mol−1, ΔS = −168 ±7 J K−1 mol−1, and ΔH = 28 ± 1 kJ mol−1, ΔS = −126 ± 5 J K−1 mol−1, respectively, were evaluated and suggested an associative mode of activation for both substitution processes. The stability constants and the associated speciation diagram of the complexes were also determined potentiometrically. The isolated solid complex was characterized by C, H, and N elemental analyses, IR, magnetic, and molar conductance measurements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 132–142, 2010
Rate constant of the reaction of chlorine atoms with methanol over the temperature range 291–475 K
Authors: Kaiser E. W. , Wallington T. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe rate constant of the reaction Cl + CH3OH (k1) has been measured in 500–950 Torr of N2 over the temperature range 291–475 K. The rate constant determination was carried out using the relative rate technique with C2H6 as the reference compound. Experiments were performed by irradiating mixtures of CH3OH, C2H6, Cl2, and N2 with UV light from a fluorescent lamp whose intensity peaked near 360 nm. The resultant temperature‐dependent rate expression is k1 = 8.6 (±1.3) × 10−11 exp[−167 (±60)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Error limits represent data scatter (2σ) in the current experiments and do not include error in the reference rate constant. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 113–116, 2010
Carbon Nanotubes Fed on “Carbs”: Coating of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Dextran Sulfate
Authors: Kotagiri Nalinikanth , Kim Jin‐Woo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA facile and easily reproducible technique for assembling biohybrid nanoparticles is a core feature that is highly desired for biomedical applications, considering the nature and limited lifespan of the biopolymers used. Here we show a simple and effective method to enfold single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using an anionic polysaccharide, dextran sulfate. After their interactions, SWNTs were rendered dispersible in aqueous solution and were shortened and unbundled to their basic dimension. Atomic force microscopy analysis was extensively employed to elucidate the mechanism of their interfacing. This biohybrid nanoparticle holds promise for biological and biomedical applications due to the synergistic unique properties of SWNTs and dextran sulfate.magnified image
Silica Reinforced Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Polyurethane Nanocomposites From Sustainable Resource
Authors: Akram Deewan , Ahmad Shahzada , Sharmin Eram , Ahmad Sharif 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPolyol/nanosilica organic–inorganic hybrids (Si/Lpol) were prepared through facile sol–gel chemistry. Tetraethoxyorthosilane (TEOS) and linseed polyol (Lpol) obtained by hydroxylation of linseed oil were used as inorganic and organic precursors, respectively. Si/Lpol was further treated with toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) to obtain silica embedded polyurethane (Si/LPU). The structure of the organic–inorganic hybrid was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral analysis. The polyol/nanosilica network shows strong interaction with the remnant polyol backbone through hydrogen bonding, which also has bearing on Tg of polymers. Morphological studies of Si/LPU show the formation of uniform, spherical silica nanoparticles of 2–30 nm size embedded in the polymer matrix. Si/LPU was further reinforced with 2 and 5 wt.‐% fumed silica (FS‐Si/LPUs); their morphology revealed a carpet layer formation on top of Si/LPU. Thermogravimetric analysis showed improved thermal stability of Si/LPU and FS‐Si/LPUs. The polymers exhibit mild to moderate antibacterial behavior against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, and will pave way in plethora of biological and chemical applications as coating materials.magnified image
Nanofibrillar Single Polymer Composites of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Duhovic Miro , Bhattacharyya Debes , Fakirov Stoyko 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUsing the experience gained from the development of polymer–polymer nanofibrillar composites (NFCs), an attempt was undertaken to manufacture PET single polymer nanofibrillar composites. For this purpose polypropylene (PP) was removed by selective extraction from a knitted textile manufactured with PP/PET (80:20 by wt) blend. The remaining PET nanofibrillar textile was then sandwiched between lower‐melting PET films and compression molded at 120 °C. The obtained PET single polymer NFCs comprised PET nanofibrils as reinforcement and showed an improvement in the tensile strength and modulus of 37–100 and 40–140%, respectively (depending on the annealing temperature after compression molding and the test direction) compared to those of the starting isotropic matrix film.magnified image
Preparative isolation and purification of four flavonoids from the petals of nelumbo nucifera by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Guo Xingfeng , Wang Daijie , Duan Wenjuan , Du Jinhua , Wang Xiao 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntroduction – Flavonoids, the primary constituents of the petals of Nelumbo nucifera, are known to have antioxidant properties and antibacterial bioactivities. However, efficient methods for the preparative isolation and purification of flavonoids from this plant are not currently available.Objective – To develop an efficient method for the preparative isolation and purification of flavonoids from the petals of N. nucifera by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC).Methodology – Following an initial clean‐up step on a polyamide column, HSCCC was utilised to separate and purify flavonoids. Purities and identities of the isolated compounds were established by HPLC‐PAD, ESI‐MS, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR.Results – The separation was performed using a two‐phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate–methanol–water–acetic acid (4 : 1 : 5 : 0.1, by volume), in which the upper phase was used as the stationary phase and the lower phase was used as the mobile phase at a flow‐rate of 1.0 mL/min in the head‐to‐tail elution mode. Ultimately, 5.0 mg syringetin‐3‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside, 6.5 mg quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside, 12.8 mg isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside and 32.5 mg kaempferol‐3‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside were obtained from 125 mg crude sample.Conclusion – The combination of HSCCC with a polyamide column is an efficient method for the preparative separation and purification of flavonoids from the petals of N. nucifera. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust sampling approach for identification and quantification of methyl jasmonate in leaf tissue of oilseed rape for analysis of early signaling in sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance
Authors: Wei Fang , Cheng Ji‐hua , Liu Sheng‐yi , Huang Jun‐yan , Wang Zhan , Dong Xu‐yan , Li Ping‐ping , Kong Fan‐pi , Wu Yu , Li Yan‐hua , Feng Yu‐qi , Chen Hong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntroduction – Methyl jasmonate (MJA), which is a natrual hormonal regulator, is thought to be essential for the regulation of systemic defence responses. The information about MJA levels in plant tissues is helpful for the study of the disease resistance mechanism and genetically engineered cultivars with increased resistance. Therefore, the quantification of MJA levels in plant tissues by means of a sensitive and reliable method is of interest.Objective – Development of a film extraction method coupled with GC for determination of methyl jasmonate in leaf tisssue of oilseed rape for analysis of early signalling in sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance.Methodology – A robust polydimethylsiloxane film was prepared and used for extraction of MJA in leaf tissues. By using in‐solution extraction mode, optimum extraction efficiency was achieved with methanol–water (1 : 5, v/v) as extraction medium at 40°C for 60 min.Results – Under the optimal conditions, a detection limit of 0.2 ng/mL was achieved. Excellent reproducibility was found over a linear range of 1–1000 ng/mL. MJA in leaves infected by sclerotinia sclerotiorum was determined, with the results showing that basal levels of MJA (15 ng/g) were present in noninfested controls, but increased to 313 ng/g 10 h after fungal attack.Conclusion – The film extraction method is a simple, rapid and inexpensive sampling technique for determination of endogenous MJA in plant tissues that can be applied to most plants. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A drug utilization study to provide background data for bringing amendments in the drug dispensing policy of a pediatric referral center
Authors: Singh Inderjeet , Mittal Rajan , Shafiq Nusrat , Bharati Bhavneet , Nigah Ramesh Kumar , Pandhi P. , Chaudhary Ranjeet Roy , Malhotra Samir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to generate data regarding the drug utilization pattern in pediatric population of our tertiary care hospital so that we could generate an essential medicine list (EML).BackgroundDrug therapy accounts for a major portion of expenditure toward health care. Reduction in health care cost for an individual can be achieved by lowering the cost of drug treatment.MethodsThis was an observational study conducted in the Advanced Pediatric Centre of our hospital, during which prescriptions and case records were reviewed.ResultsDuring the study a total of 891 prescriptions were reviewed. Antibiotics and nutritional supplements were the major drugs prescribed. A large percentage of drugs were prescribed as trade names. Eighty three per cent of the drugs were prescribed from the National List Of Essential Medicine 2003 (India). Antibiotics accounted for the major bulk of cost of drugs, most of which were purchased by the patients.ConclusionsRestricted use of newer antibiotics, branded drugs and prescribing from the EML could be considered as targets for reduction of cost of therapy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Afterburn Ignition Delay and Shock Augmentation in Fuel Rich Solid Explosives
Authors: McNesby Kevin L. , Homan Barrie E. , Ritter John J. , Quine Zachary , Ehlers Rachel Z. , McAndrew Brendan A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe present experimental and computational results that explain some aspects of measured energy release in explosions of unconfined trinitrotoluene [TNT, C6H2(NO2)3CH3], and an aluminum‐containing explosive formulation, and show how this energy release can influence shock wave velocities in air. In our interpretation, energy release is divided into early, middle, and late time regimes. An explanation is provided for the interdependence of the time regimes and their influence on the rate at which energy (detonation/explosion and afterburn) is released. We use a merging of the thermodynamic and chemical kinetic processes that predicts how chemical kinetics may determine the time delay of the afterburn of combustible gases produced by the initial detonation/explosion/fast reaction. The thermodynamic computer code CHEETAH is used to predict gaseous and solid products of early time energy release, and a chemical kinetic reaction mechanism (CHEMKIN format) is used to describe the subsequent afterburn of the gas phase products in air. Results of these calculations are compared with field measurements of unconfined explosions of 2 kg charge weights of TNT and an aluminum‐containing explosive formulation.
Effect of pomegranate juice on Angiotensin II‐induced hypertension in diabetic wistar rats
Authors: Mohan Mahalaxmi , Waghulde Harshal , Kasture Sanjay 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcute subcutaneous administration of Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes a rise in blood pressure in diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, i.v.). Chronic administration of pomegranate juice (PJ) extract (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg; p.o. for 4 weeks) obtained from Punica granatum (punicaceae) fruits reduced the mean arterial blood pressure and vascular reactivity changes to various catecholamines and also reversed the biochemical changes induced by diabetes and Ang II. PJ treatment also caused a significant decrease in levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in kidney and pancreas while activities of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSH) showed significant elevation. The cumulative concentration response curve (CCRC) of Ang II was shifted towards right in rats treated with PJ using isolated strip of ascending colon. In histopathological examination, PJ treatment prevented the tubular degenerative changes induced by diabetes. The results suggest that the PJ extract could prevent the development of high blood pressure induced by Ang II in diabetic rats probably by combating the oxidative stress induced by diabetes and Ang II and by inhibiting ACE activity. In conclusion, PJ has antihypertensive action in Ang II diabetic model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of Histocompatible Androgenetic Embryonic Stem Cells Using Spermatogenic Cells
Authors: Zhao Qingguo , Wang Jianle , Zhang Yu , Kou Zhaohui , Liu Sheng , Gao Shaorong 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Androgenetic embryonic stem (aES) cells, produced by pronuclear transplantation, offer an important autologous pluripotent stem cell source. However, the isolation of aES cells, particularly individual-specific aES cells, with the use of fertilized embryos has limited the practical applications of this technology in humans. In this study, we applied a new approach, essentially described as somatic cell nuclear transfer, and generated three aES cell line types with the use of spermatogenic cells including primary spermatocytes, round spermatids, and mature spermatozoa as donor cells, omitting the need to use fertilized embryos. Although abnormality of chimeras and absent germline competency indicated that all three types of aES cells exhibited limited pluripotency, the epigenetic status of the aES cell lines tended to resemble normal ES cells during long-term culture, and some parental-specific imprinted genes were expressed at levels comparable to those of normal ES cells. Furthermore, the histocompatibility of the aES cells was investigated by transplanting the differentiation progenies of the aES cells into major histocompatibility (MHC)-matched and -mismatched recipient mice. The results indicated that these aES cells were histocompatible with MHC-matched mice after transplantation. Our study provides evidence that MHC-competent autologous aES cells could be generated from different spermatogenic cells using nuclear transfer into oocytes, a process that could avoid the use of fertilized embryos.