bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TV is our business
Authors: Vicente-Encinas Josefa 
Published: March 2010

Three characteristics of the TV language justify the need for media literacy: the emotional nature of images, the stories, which are written to draw the attention of the viewer, and the high speed of rhythm in most of the stories. These characteristics generate replies from the emotion rather than from reflection which makes media literacy necessary in order to improve the children´s capacity to keep at a distance from the messages received and to be critical and creative as TV viewers. The tools offered to achieve these objectives bring get them a new way of enjoyment: the possibility of taking the keys to the TV messages for themselves and producing their own new messages.
Tres características del medio televisivo justifican la necesidad de educar la mirada frente a la TV: la naturaleza emotiva de la imagen, la creación de historias que atrapan por su interés y el ritmo acelerado de la mayor parte de las narraciones. Estas características, que generan respuestas asociadas más a los sentimientos que a la reflexión, requieren un acompañamiento educativo que desarrolle en los chicos la capacidad de tomar distancia de los mensajes para ser televidentes críticos y propositivos. Las herramientas que se ofrecen conducen a ello introduciendo un nuevo elemento de disfrute: la posibilidad de «apropiarse» de las claves de lectura de los mensajes televisivos y ser protagonistas en la elaboración de nuevos mensajes.
Educating the sight and the audiovisual writing
Authors: Soto-Romero Marisol 
Published: March 2010

Audiovisual language keeps on improving. Images reign, and represent us. Furthermore, the technological development already allows global interactive communication. In this context, educating the sight and the audiovisual writing comes to be the key. “Emotions x Minute” is a workshop for audiovisual communication which is presented as a game and starts from the wish of expressing. It is based on two ideas: the personal experience and learning by practicing. Once finished, the participants declare two important things: first, they now watch television in a different way, and second, they finish keeping something in their hands, their minute.
El lenguaje audiovisual continúa ganando terreno. Las imágenes imperan y nos representan. Además, el desarrollo tecnológico ya nos permite la comunicación interactiva a escala mundial. En este contexto, educar la mirada y la escritura audiovisual viene a ser la clave. «Emociones x Minuto» es un taller en comunicación audiovisual que se plantea como un juego, que parte del deseo de expresar, de la experiencia personal y de que se aprende haciendo. Al terminar, los participantes comentan dos cosas importantes: que ya ven la televisión de otra forma y que acaban con algo en las manos, su minuto.
Image as a daily learning opportunity
Authors: Ubreva-Amor Ángela 
Published: March 2010

Image must become a basic way towards knowledge. This paper proposes to search for shocking TV images that illustrate and define cultural and scientific concepts. Audiovisual itineraries for students are provided for students. They are based on the relationship between word and image, and the architectonic forms that surround us: buildings. Educating the sight implies an education through images, an education to learn how to see, and how to live the reality.
La imagen tiene que llegar a ser una vía básica para el conocimiento. Se propone la búsqueda en televisión de imágenes impactantes que ilustren y definan conceptos culturales y científicos. Se aportan itinerarios audiovisuales para el alumnado apoyados en la relación, palabra e imagen, y en las formas arquitectónicas que nos rodean: los edificios. Educar la mirada implica una educación en imágenes, una educación para aprender a ver y vivir la realidad.
Portuguese RTP2 and the promotion of media education
Authors: Borges Gabriela 
Published: March 2010

Media education is one of the obligations of Portuguese public television. In the last few years, RTP2 has shown great concern about the quality of its programmes, mainly those addressed to children and teenager audiences. This paper focuses on the communicative and educational strategies used by television programmes «Kulto» and «Pica» and discusses if they contribute to teach children and teenagers to watch television, thus enhancing their media literacy.
La educación para los medios de comunicación es una de las obligaciones del servicio público de la televisión portuguesa. La RTP2 ha demostrado, a lo largo de los años, una fuerte preocupación por la calidad de los programas que ofrece, principalmente para el público infantil y juvenil. Considerando eso, este artículo enfoca las estrategias de comunicación y educación de los programas «Kulto» y «Pica» y discute en qué medida los programas contribuyen en la enseñanza a niños y jóvenes a ver televisión, mejorando así la competencia mediática.
Teaching to watch TV is our business
Authors: Méndez-Garrido Juan Manuel 
Published: March 2010

In this work, we reflect on the presence of the television in people’s lives and the need to promote the regularization of television programmes, as well as the literacy of our children and youth so that they acquire the necessary competences to develop an intelligent, active and critical consumption of the television. The role of the administrations, families, educators and TV viewers themselves is also outlined.
En este trabajo, se realiza una reflexión sobre la presencia de la televisión en las vidas de las personas y la necesidad de promover la regularización de los programas televisivos, así como la alfabetización de nuestros niños y jóvenes para que adquieran las competencias necesarias para realizar un consumo del medio televisivo de una manera inteligente, activa y crítica. También se destaca el papel de las administraciones, las familias, los educadores y los propios medios.
TV and strategies to promote consumption among young girls
Authors: Gordillo-Álvarez Inmaculada , Ramírez-Alvarado María del Mar 
Published: March 2010

This article seeks to deepen, on the one hand, into the development of new marketing strategies using TV as platform and aimed at promoting consumption among young girls. We will first look into the case of such companies as Disney, which have re-released public leading characters of all-time stories for the infant female public with great commercial success, now united as a generic sisterhood of «princesses». On the other hand, we will also study other characters that television and other AV outlets have made known and the elements offered in this kind of products geared towards reinforcing consumption by means of promoting sexual and cultural stereotypes.
La comunicación que se propone pretende ahondar, por una parte, en el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias de mercado orientadas a fomentar el consumo en las niñas y que utilizan la televisión como plataforma. En primer término, se profundizará en el caso de empresas como Disney, que han relanzado para el público infantil femenino, con un gran éxito comercial, las protagonistas de los cuentos de siempre unidas en la hermandad genérica de las «princesas». También se estudiarán otras figuras que la televisión y otros soportes audiovisuales han hecho conocidas y los elementos que se ofrecen en este tipo de productos que orientan y refuerzan el consumo fomentando a su vez estereotipos sexuales y culturales.
University television and public service
Authors: Aguaded Ignacio , Macías-Gómez Yolanda 
Published: March 2010

The mass media, increasingly more present in the society, seem to be losing their social sense and their function of citizenship formation, for the benefit of business logic and market. The public use of television is becoming blurred, so there is an urgent need to promote channels of civic vocation that recovers the social and formative role of media. The University television is a wonderful way for the promotion of this television. In this article an analysis of the Spanish situation is done and proposals for a University television of public utility are carried out.
Los medios de comunicación, cada vez más presentes en la sociedad, parecen estar perdiendo el sentido social y de formación de la ciudadanía de éstos, en beneficio de la lógica empresarial y el mercado. Cada vez se desdibuja más el servicio público de la televisión y urge potenciar canales de vocación ciudadana que recuperen el papel social y formativo de los medios. La televisión universitaria es una magnífica vía para el fomento de esta televisión. En esta comunicación se hace un análisis de la situación española y se realizan propuestas para una televisión universitaria de servicio público.
Public service models in European TV: a comparative analysis of TVE and BBC
Authors: Walzer-Moskovic Alejandra , Retis-Rivas Jéssica 
Published: March 2010

This paper analyzes the models of Public Television in Spain (TVE) and Great Britain (BBC), within the different contexts in which both entities are created and developed. We understand that the features adopted by cultural industries do not obey to immovable determinations but are the result of political, economic and cultural circumstances. The discourse of professionals working in these two media -obtained trough in-depth interviews- will allow us to infer the concept of public service inspiring their work.
En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar los modelos de televisión pública estatal española (TVE) y británica (BBC), partiendo de los diferentes contextos en los que cada una de estas entidades nace y se desarrolla. Entendemos que las características que adoptan las industrias culturales no responden a determinaciones inapelables, sino que constituyen el resultado de circunstancias políticas, económicas, culturales, etc. A su vez, el discurso de los profesionales de estos medios obtenido de entrevistas en profundidad mantenidas con ellos nos permitirá conocer la concepción de servicio público que inspira su labor.
Creative analysis of publicity in virtual environments
Authors: Spectus Grupo 
Published: March 2010

Television and publicity were never two independent screens as the second sustains the first, but since the end of the nineties Internet has become a meta-screen that feeds back, spreads and generates audio-visual and multimedia consumable contents. In spite of many institutional campaigns blessing the ICTs, we maintain that the concretion that publicity and the Internet have in the classroom is really scarce, at the same time that their presence in the street is enormous. This is our proposal: publicity keeps being a first school of models for our students, the Internet can be a channel for the exhibition, distribution, analysis and communication in the classroom in which publicity becomes an object of analysis and creative consumption.
La televisión y la publicidad nunca fueron dos pantallas independientes dado que la segunda sustenta la primera, pero desde finales de los años noventa Internet se ha conformado como metapantalla que retroalimenta, difunde y genera contenidos de consumo audiovisual y multimedia. A pesar de muchas campañas institucionales bendiciendo las TIC, entendemos que la concreción que la publicidad e Internet tienen en el aula es muy escasa, cuando su presencia en la calle es enorme. La publicidad sigue siendo una primera escuela de modelos para nuestro alumnado, Internet puede ser un canal de exhibición, distribución, análisis y comunicación en el aula, en el que la publicidad se convierta en objeto de análisis y consumo creativo, ésta es la propuesta.
Helicobacter pylori-Induced Th17 Responses Modulate Th1 Cell Responses, Benefit Bacterial Growth, and Contribute to Pathology in Mice
Authors: Shi Yun , Liu Xiao-Fei , Zhuang Yuan , Zhang Jin-Yu , Liu Tao , Yin Zhinan , Wu Chao , Mao Xu-Hu , Jia Ke-Ran , Wang Feng-Jun , Guo Hong , Flavell Richard A. , Zhao Zhuo , Liu Kai-Yun , Xiao Bin , Guo Ying , Zhang Wei-Jun , Zhou Wei-Ying , Guo Gang , Zou Quan-Ming 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
CD4+ T cell responses are critical for the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The present study evaluated the role of the Th17 subset in H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection induced significant expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ in mouse gastric tissue. IL-23 and IL-12 were increased in the gastric tissue and in H. pylori-stimulated macrophages. Cell responses were examined by intracellular staining for IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17. Mice infected with H. pylori developed a mixed Th17/Th1 response; Th17 responses preceded Th1 responses. Treatment of mice with an anti–IL-17 Ab but not a control Ab significantly reduced the H. pylori burden and inflammation in the stomach. H. pylori colonization and gastric inflammation were also lower in IL-17−/− mice. Furthermore, administration of recombinant adenovirus encoding mouse IL-17 increased both H. pylori load and inflammation. Further analysis showed that the Th1 cell responses to H. pylori were downregulated when IL-17 is deficient. These results together suggest that H. pylori infection induces a mixed Th17/Th1 cell response and the Th17/IL-17 pathway modulates Th1 cell responses and contributes to pathology.
Langerhans Cells Prime IL-17–Producing T Cells and Dampen Genital Cytotoxic Responses following Mucosal Immunization
Authors: Hervouet Catherine , Luci Carmelo , Rol Nicolas , Rousseau Déborah , Kissenpfennig Adrien , Malissen Bernard , Czerkinsky Cecil , Anjuère Fabienne 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are dendritic cells (DCs) localized in stratified epithelia, such as those overlaying skin, buccal mucosa, and vagina. The contribution of LCs to the promotion or control of immunity initiated at epithelial sites remains debated. We report in this paper that an immunogen comprising OVA linked to the B subunit of cholera toxin, used as delivery vector, was efficient to generate CTLs after vaginal immunization. Using Lang-EGFP mice, we evaluated the contribution of distinct DC subsets to the generation of CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. We demonstrate that the vaginal epithelium, unlike the skin epidermis, includes a minor population of LCs and a major subset of langerin− DCs. Intravaginally administered Ag is taken up by LCs and langerin− DCs and carried up to draining lymph nodes, where both subsets prime CD8 T cells, unlike blood-derived DCs, although with distinct capabilities. LCs prime CD8 T cells with a cytokine profile dominated by IL-17, whereas Lang− DCs induce IFN-γ–producing T cells. Using Lang-DTR-EGFP mice to ensure a transient ablation of LCs, we found that these cells not only are dispensable for the generation of genital CTL responses but also downregulate these responses, by a mechanism that may involve IL-10 and IL-17 cytokines. This finding has implications for the development of mucosal vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies designed for the targeting of DCs.
The Protein Moiety of Brucella abortus Outer Membrane Protein 16 Is a New Bacterial Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern That Activates Dendritic Cells In Vivo, Induces a Th1 Immune Response, and Is a Promising Self-Adjuvanting Vaccine against Systemic and Oral Acquired Brucellosis
Authors: Pasquevich Karina A. , García Samartino Clara , Coria Lorena M. , Estein Silvia M. , Zwerdling Astrid , Ibañez Andrés E. , Barrionuevo Paula , Oliveira Fernanda Souza de , Carvalho Natalia Barbosa , Borkowski Julia , Oliveira Sergio Costa , Warzecha Heribert , Giambartolomei Guillermo H. , Cassataro Juliana 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Knowing the inherent stimulatory properties of the lipid moiety of bacterial lipoproteins, we first hypothesized that Brucella abortus outer membrane protein (Omp)16 lipoprotein would be able to elicit a protective immune response without the need of external adjuvants. In this study, we demonstrate that Omp16 administered by the i.p. route confers significant protection against B. abortus infection and that the protective response evoked is independent of the protein lipidation. To date, Omp16 is the first Brucella protein that without the requirement of external adjuvants is able to induce similar protection levels to the control live vaccine S19. Moreover, the protein portion of Omp16 (unlipidated Omp16 [U-Omp16]) elicits a protective response when administered by the oral route. Either systemic or oral immunization with U-Omp16 elicits a Th1-specific response. These abilities of U-Omp16 indicate that it is endowed with self-adjuvanting properties. The adjuvanticity of U-Omp16 could be explained, at least in part, by its capacity to activate dendritic cells in vivo. U-Omp16 is also able to stimulate dendritic cells and macrophages in vitro. The latter property and its ability to induce a protective Th1 immune response against B. abortus infection have been found to be TLR4 dependent. The facts that U-Omp16 is an oral protective Ag and possesses a mucosal self-adjuvanting property led us to develop a plant-made vaccine expressing U-Omp16. Our results indicate that plant-expressed recombinant U-Omp16 is able to confer protective immunity, when given orally, indicating that a plant-based oral vaccine expressing U-Omp16 could be a valuable approach to controlling this disease.
Impaired Germinal Center Responses and Suppression of Local IgG Production during Intracellular Bacterial Infection
Authors: Racine Rachael , Jones Derek D. , Chatterjee Madhumouli , McLaughlin Maura , MacNamara Katherine C. , Winslow Gary M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGerminal centers (GCs) are specialized microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs that facilitate the development of high-affinity, isotype-switched Abs, and immunological memory; consequently, many infections require GC-derived IgG for pathogen clearance. Although Ehrlichia muris infection elicits a robust expansion of splenic, IgM-secreting plasmablasts, we detected only very low frequencies of isotype-switched IgG-secreting cells in mouse spleens, until at least 3 wk postinfection. Instead, Ag-specific IgG was produced in lymph nodes, where it required CD4 T cell help. Consistent with these findings, organized GCs and phenotypically defined splenic GC B cells were found in lymph nodes, but not spleens. Ehrlichial infection also inhibited spleen IgG responses against a coadministered T cell-dependent Ag, hapten 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)-conjugated chicken γ globulin in alum. NP-specific B cells failed to undergo expansion and differentiation into GC B cells in the spleen, Ab titers were reduced, and splenic IgG production was inhibited nearly 10-fold when the Ag was administered during infection. Our data provide a mechanism whereby an intracellular bacterial infection can compromise local immunity to coinfecting pathogens or antigenic challenge.
Dendritic Cells and Stat3 Are Essential for CD137-Induced CD8 T Cell Activation-Induced Cell Death
Authors: Zhang Benyue , Zhang Yuanyuan , Niu Liguo , Vella Anthony T. , Mittler Robert S. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Agonistic anti-CD137 mAbs either positively or negatively regulate T cell function. When administered at the beginning of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong infection anti-CD137 induced immunosuppression and T cell deletion, and in the case of influenza infection led to increased mortality. In contrast, 72 h delay in anti-CD137 treatment led to an enhanced virus-specific CD8 T cell response and rapid viral clearance. Virus-specific CD8 T cells in anti-CD137–injected mice rapidly upregulate Fas expression, and although necessary, was insufficient to induce CD8 T cell deletion. Strikingly, CD137 signaling in T cells was found to be insufficient to induce suppression or deletion. Rather, immunosuppression and T cell deletion was only observed if CD137 signals were provided to T cells and dendritic cells (DCs). In vitro CD137 crosslinking in DCs led to phosphorylation of Stat3, and importantly, anti-CD137 treatment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong infected Stat3 conditional knock-out mice induced neither immune suppression or T cell deletion. Taken together, these data suggest that CD137 signaling in DCs can regulate CD8 T cell survival through a Stat3 and Fas-mediated pathway.
Alterations in Ceramide Concentration and pH Determine the Release of Reactive Oxygen Species by Cftr-Deficient Macrophages on Infection
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Xiang , Grassmé Heike , Döring Gerd , Gulbins Erich 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the accumulation of ceramide in Cftr-deficient epithelial cells is important for the pathophysiology of CF. However, the role of ceramide in other lung cells, particularly lung macrophages, requires definition. In this study, we report that ceramide is accumulated in Cftr-deficient lung macrophages. Alveolar macrophages contain a vesicle population, which is stained with LysoSensor probes but not by tetramethylrhodamine dextran. These vesicles, presumably secretory lysosomes, exhibit a higher pH in Cftr-deficient macrophages than the corresponding vesicles in lung macrophages isolated from wild-type (WT) mice. Alkalinization of these vesicles in Cftr-deficient macrophages correlates with a failure of the macrophages to respond to infection with various Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains by acutely activating acid sphingomyelinase, releasing ceramide, forming ceramide-enriched membrane platforms that serve to cluster gp91phox, and, most importantly, releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, these events occur rapidly in WT lung macrophages postinfection. Inhibiting ROS in WT macrophages prevents the killing of P. aeruginosa. These findings provide evidence for a novel pH-controlled pathway from acid sphingomyelinase activation via ceramide and clustering of gp91phox to the release of ROS in lung macrophages.
Characterizing the Specificity and Cooperation of Aminopeptidases in the Cytosol and Endoplasmic Reticulum during MHC Class I Antigen Presentation
Authors: Hearn Arron , York Ian A. , Bishop Courtney , Rock Kenneth L. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Many MHC class I-binding peptides are generated as N-extended precursors during protein degradation by the proteasome. These peptides can subsequently be trimmed by aminopeptidases in the cytosol and/or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to produce mature epitope. However, the contribution and specificity of each of these subcellular compartments in removing N-terminal amino acids for Ag presentation is not well defined. In this study, we investigated this issue for antigenic precursors that are expressed in the cytosol. By systematically varying the N-terminal flanking sequences of peptides, we show that the amino acids upstream of an epitope precursor are a major determinant of the amount of Ag presentation. In many cases, MHC class I-binding peptides are produced through sequential trimming in the cytosol and ER. Trimming of flanking residues in the cytosol contributes most to sequences that are poorly trimmed in the ER. Because N-terminal trimming has different specificity in the cytosol and ER, the cleavage of peptides in both of these compartments serves to broaden the repertoire of sequences that are presented.