bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupled analytical and numerical approach to uncovering new regulatory mechanisms of intracellular processes
Authors: Śmieja Jarosław 
Published: December 2010

Coupled analytical and numerical approach to uncovering new regulatory mechanisms of intracellular processesThe paper deals with the analysis of signaling pathways aimed at uncovering new regulatory processes regulating cell responses. First, general issues of comparing simulation and experimental data are discussed, and various aspects of data normalization are covered. Then, a model of a particular signaling pathway, induced by Interferon-β, is briefly introduced. It serves as an example illustrating how mathematical modeling can be used for inferring the structure of a regulatory system governing the dynamics of intracellular processes. In this pathway, experimental results suggest that a hitherto unknown process is responsible for a decrease in the levels of one of the important molecules used in the pathway. Then, equilibrium points of the model are analyzed, allowing the rejection of all but one explanation of the phenomena observed experimentally. Numerical simulations confirm that the model can mimic the dynamics of the processes in the pathway under consideration. Finally, some remarks about the applicability of the method based on an analysis of equilibrium points are made.
The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC): A New Tool Facilitating Cross-Border Cooperation and Governance
Authors: Zapletal Jirka 
Published: December 2010

The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC): A New Tool Facilitating Cross-Border Cooperation and Governance
The European Union is becoming one undivided continent where territories are faced with borderless economic, social and environmental challenges while still being governed within traditional institutional boundaries. Integration raises the question of cohesion among different territories, and territorial cohesion is a new objective for the Union according to the Lisbon Treaty. Cooperation between territories, beyond frontiers and across different institutional layers, is becoming crucial for providing multi-level governance to new functional regions. The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC), a new legal and governance tool established by Regulation 1082/2006, was conceived as a substantial upgrade for this multi-level governance and beyond-the-border cooperation. Four years after its adoption, a number of EGTCs have been set up, and new ones are in the pipeline. Recently the European Commission and the Committee of the Regions have launched a consultation with the aim to review the existing legislation since 2007 on the EGTC and adjust it if necessary. The results are to be presented this year in Brussels during the 8th edition of the Open Days.
The article first highlights the EGTC framework in support of integration at a regional level and shows the background of the regulation. It then focuses on the legal issues involved, such as legal personality, potential members, tasks, organisation, state control, and liability of an EGTC. After showing the implementation status of a national EGTC, the article closes with further steps to be taken.
The European Green Belt: Generating Environmental Governance - Reshaping Border Areas
Authors: Kortelainen Jarmo 
Published: December 2010

The European Green Belt: Generating Environmental Governance - Reshaping Border Areas
The article focuses on the European Green Belt (EGB), which refers to efforts to create a network of conservation areas along the borderline that used to divide Europe into the socialist and capitalist blocks. The EGB initiative attempts to link ecologically valuable areas as continuous ecological networks that cross the entire continent. The EGB is divided into three sub-regions: the Fennoscandian and Baltic Green Belt in the North and along the coastline of the Baltic Sea, the Central European Green Belt, and the South-Eastern European Green Belt. The EGB network is studied as a form of environmental governance, and its formation and furtherance are linked with the environmental governance discussion. In addition, the article aims to show that EGB governance is changing the meaning of the former Iron Curtain borders. The borders have been transnationalised since they have become parts of international networks seeking to develop borderless ecological zones. However, the EGB process maintains and reproduces the borders, as the process itself depends on the availability of suitable border areas.
New Borders and New Spaces: The Case of Theasylum Seeker in Strasbourg, France
Authors: Zander Patricia 
Published: December 2010

New Borders and New Spaces: The Case of Theasylum Seeker in Strasbourg, France
The need for borders seems an old-fashioned notion, especially when we consider the border in its most basic sense: as a barrier and a filter. Within the European Union, the idea of the disappearing border is underlined when we see its physical signs such as buildings and checkpoints fall out of use or disappear. We submit here that due to the complex interplay between supra-national, national and local structures today, the notion of the border has instead evolved and become less visible, but very present, and very complex.
When we examine the particular case of the asylum seeker in Strasbourg, France, we see that even in this ‘borderless’ city administrative mechanisms keep him ‘out’, even when he is physically in our midst, by creating ‘non-spaces’, or by manipulating his use of time and everyday spaces so that he cannot anchor himself.
The Role of the Integrating Factor in the Shaping of Transborder Co-Operation: The Case of Poland
Authors: Dołzbłasz Sylwia , Raczyk Andrzej 
Published: December 2010

The Role of the Integrating Factor in the Shaping of Transborder Co-Operation: The Case of Poland
Transborder co-operation is shaped by many factors and thus takes various forms on particular bor-ders. Within the same formal-legal arrangements under Interreg Programmes, the greatest role in the diver-sification of co-operation was played by non-system-related conditions specific to particular border regions. To identify what specifically drives co-operation, the nature of Polish-German and Polish-Czech transborder co-operation was compared. On the basis of the research conducted, it can be said that the existence of similar conditions on both sides of the border may define specific directions of co-operation and hence be called an inte-grating factor. Coupled with relatively weak barriers, this integrating factor may exert a powerful influence on the development and character of transborder co-operation. Thus, in the process of shaping co-operation policy it is crucial to identify the existing integrating factor (or to define the possibilities of creating it) and to limit the impact of co-operation barriers.
Problems of Cross-Border Cooperation Between Poland and the Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation
Authors: Palmowski Tadeusz 
Published: December 2010

Problems of Cross-Border Cooperation Between Poland and the Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation
Thanks to the opening of Europe to Kaliningrad and Kaliningrad to Europe, this region has been given an opportunity to gradually break the isolation which was the primary reason for its peripheral position. The enlargement of the Schengen Area complicated its relations and weakened cross-border cooperation with Poland. Further cross-border cooperation trends, though facing various barriers, may lead to improving the state of the natural environment in the Polish-Russian transborder region, joint planning of its development, growing mutual contacts, and making the populations living on both sides of the border more familiar with each other.
Kaliningrad's future also requires sustainable economic, ecological, social and political development. The working out of new principles of model cooperation between the EU and Russia may significantly stimulate the economy in the Polish-Russian cross-border areas. The mainstream options for opening Kaliningrad to regional cooperation can be an important step towards full integration of Baltic Europe.
Re-Dimensioning the Polish-German Border Area: Poznań as a City in a Transnational Cooperation Space
Authors: Tölle Alexander 
Published: December 2010

Re-Dimensioning the Polish-German Border Area: Poznań as a City in a Transnational Cooperation Space
The declining importance of national policies and the economic level as a result of globalisation as well as European integration processes compels cities to become actors on the international stage and to define their own ‘foreign policies’, which may include the establishment of transnational alliances, networks, and cooperation territories. This will be discussed using Poznań as a case study. After the fall of the Iron Curtain the city had to integrate into traditional forms of international cooperation as well as new forms of transnational networking. Concerning the latter, the biggest challenge is the integration of Poznań into the strategic network of the Oder Partnership, which aims at creating a Polish-German cooperation space able to compete with other European regions.
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Along the Korean Demilitarised Zone: A Feasible Pathway Towards An Accessible North Korea?
Authors: Köppen Bernhard 
Published: December 2010

Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Along the Korean Demilitarised Zone: A Feasible Pathway Towards An Accessible North Korea?
The Demilitarised Zone (DMZ) between the Republic of Korea (RoK) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) is judged to be the last border of the Cold War. Although no peace treaty has been signed after the Korean War, astounding changes in the South-North relations could be observed between the late 1990s and 2010. Although severe provocations of the North finally led to a new stop of a further rapprochement, the unexpected reconciliation process started in 2000 by South Korea not only led to a temporary detente, but also showed spatially manifested results. Two Special Economic Zones, one dedicated to tourism and the other to industrial production, had been established in the DPRK near the DMZ. What is the appropriate interpretation of those diffident cross-border activities which lasted for almost a decade? Were these SEZs really first successful attempts at feasible Korean cross-border cooperation? Summing up all knowledge on North-Korean SEZ policy and the general state doctrine, it seems that real cross-border cooperation could not be an option for the DPRK's current leadership, either before or after South-Korea's adoption of Sunshine Policy.
Fatigue Life Assessment of Selected Structural Elements of MI-24 Helicopter
Authors: Baraniecki Robert , Kaniewska Małgorzata , Leski Andrzej 
Published: December 2010

Fatigue Life Assessment of Selected Structural Elements of MI-24 Helicopter
In order to ensure the integrity of the structure, it is important to determine the actual loads that act on individual elements and their influence on fatigue life. The article demonstrates how to determine the fatigue life of selected elements of the Mi-24 helicopter. In addition, the work indicates the potential location of damage. In calculations, the actual levels of loads acting on the elements during the flight were used. The entire test was performed using the numerical analysis, which greatly helped reduce the time of the project. Fatigue life was determined using the MSC. FATIGUE program with the Palmgren - Miner linear damage accumulation rule.
Life Cycle Assessment in the Energy Generation Process - Variant Analysis in Metallurgical Industry
Authors: Bieda B. , Henclik A. , Kulczycka J. 
Published: December 2010

Life Cycle Assessment in the Energy Generation Process - Variant Analysis in Metallurgical IndustryThe Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the environmental management techniques, which aims to assess potential hazards to the environment of products, processes or entire systems. The role of LCA has been increasing as it was proposed in many EU and Polish official documents. The present paper aims to analyse the environmental impact of the process of energy generation in a boiler station (hereinafter referred to as the power plant), incorporated in the integrated mill operating in the Polish ferrous metal industry. Obtained results show that the most harmful potential for the environment presents the emission of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides - this affects the respiratory system. The following impact factors potentially affecting the production of energy in the power plant are the climate change category, carcinogenic factors and fossil fuels. Moreover, comparative study for four variants of annual operation of the power plant was performed, whereby the variants differed only by the proportion in dosage of two types of fuel: hard coal and blast furnace gas (other fuels such as natural and coke gas were left at the current levels - they are used as "starting" fuel). Using the blast furnace gas will always be less harmful alternative for the environment, as it is a waste fuel, a side product, which requires no material and energy cost to produce. The only drawback of this fuel is high carbon emission index while combusting the blast furnace gas.
Retention, Recovery and Recycling of Metal Values from High Alloyed Steel Slags
Authors: Teng L. , Seetharaman S. , Nzotta M. , Dong P. , Ge H. , Wang L. , Wang H. , Chychko A. 
Published: December 2010

Retention, Recovery and Recycling of Metal Values from High Alloyed Steel SlagsThe work was carried out in four parallel directions. The thermodynamic activities of oxides of Cr in steel slags were determined by slag-gas equilibration technique. The ratio of Cr2+/Cr3+in CaO-MgO(-FeO)-AlO3-SiO2-CrO×system slags was measured by X-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES). High-temperature mass spectrometry method was also used to obtain the distribution of chromium oxides. A mathematical correlation was established for estimating the ratio of Cr2+/Cr3+as a function of temperature, partial pressure of oxygen and slag basicity. Laboratory investigations of the decarburization of high alloy steels under controlled oxygen potentials have been carried out to retain Cr in the steel phase. A mathematical model has been developed for the decarburization process with controlled oxygen partial pressure. Experimental and theoretical investigations have been carried out in optimizing the Mo-additions to steel in the EAF practice in Uddeholm Tooling AB. Substantial saving of Mo as well as less emissions of Mo-bearing dust are indicated in the study. A salt extraction process was developed to extract the metal values from steel slags. Successful extractions, followed by electrolysis indicate that this could be a viable route towards recovery of metals from metallurgical slags.
An Adaptive Synthesis Calibration Method for Time-Interleaved Sampling Systems
Authors: Pan Huiqing , Tian Shulin , Ye Peng 
Published: December 2010

An Adaptive Synthesis Calibration Method for Time-Interleaved Sampling SystemsIn a parallel time-interleaved data sampling system, timing and amplitude mismatches of this structure degrade the performance of the whole ADC system. In this paper, an adaptive blind synthesis calibration algorithm is proposed, which could estimate the timing, gain and offset errors simultaneously, and calibrate automatically. With no need of an extra calibration signal and redesign, it could efficiently and dynamically track the changes of mismatches due to aging or temperature variation. A fractional delay filter is developed to adjust the timing mismatch, which simplifies the design and decreases the cost. Computer simulations are also included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Simultaneous occurrence of selected food-borne bacterial pathogens on bovine hides, carcasses and beef meat
Authors: Wieczorek K. , Osek J. 
Published: December 2010

Simultaneous occurrence of selected food-borne bacterial pathogens on bovine hides, carcasses and beef meat
The aim of this study was to determine the simultaneous occurence of Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC), and Campylobacter spp. in slaughtered cattle and in beef meat subjected for human consumption. A total of 406 bovine hides and 406 corresponding carcasses were used to collect the samples with a swab method after exsanguination and evisceration of animals, respectively. Furthermore, 362 beef meat samples were purchased in local retail shops over the same period of time as for the bovine samples. Food-borne bacterial pathogens were identified with standard ISO methods with some modification by the use of PCR for VTEC. The isolated bacteria were then molecularly speciated (Campylobacter), serotyped (L. monocytogenes) and characterized for the presence of several virulence marker genes (VTEC and Campylobacter). It was found that 49 hide (12.1%) and 3 (0.7%) carcass samples were contaminated with more than one bacterial pathogen tested. Most of the hides were positive for Campylobacter spp. and VTEC (27 samples) and Campylobacter spp. together with L. monocytogenes (12 samples). Eight bovine hides contained L. monocytogenes and VTEC while L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were detected in one sample. Furthermore, 3 pathogens (Campylobacter spp., L. monocytogenes and VTEC) were simultaneously identified in one bovine hide tested. In case of bovine carcasses 2 samples contained Campylobacter spp. and VTEC whereas one carcass was positive for L. monocytogenes and VTEC. On the other hand, 10 out of 362 (2.8%) minced beef samples were contaminated with at least two pathogens tested. The majority of these samples were contaminated with L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. (6 samples). It was noticed that equal number of C. jejuni and C. coli were found, irrespective of the origin of the samples. Most of the strains possessed more than one pathogenic factor as identified by PCR. Molecular serotyping of L. monocytogenes revealed that the majority of the isolates (27 out of 31; 87.1%) belonged to 1/2a serogroup. It was found that most of the VTEC isolates possessed the Shiga toxin stx2 gene (12 strains) whereas only 2 strains were stx1-positive. The eneterohemolysin and intimin markers were identified only in 7 and 2 isolates, respectively. PCR analysis revealed that 4 VTEC belonged to O91 serogroup, 2 strains were O145 and 1 isolate was identified as O113. None of the VTEC detected in the study was O157 serogroup.
Parascaris and cyathostome nematodes in foals: parasite in transit or real infection?
Authors: Kornaś S. , Cabaret J. , Nowosad B. 
Published: December 2010

Parascaris and cyathostome nematodes in foals: parasite in transit or real infection?
Faecal egg counts were performed in 187 foals of a large Polish stud farm between February and September 2007. Eggs of Parascaris equorum were present in faeces of 7% and those of cyathostomins in 13% of the foals aged less than 194 days. Information dealing with age of foals and/or efficiency of ivermectin treatment as well as the nematode parasite prepatent periods, it can be conducted that most of the infections recorded on the basis of faecal egg counts were false-infections in animals up to the age of six months, probably due to the ingestion of infected faeces of their dam or some other horses.
Survival of BPV and Aujeszky's disease viruses in meat wastes subjected to different sanitization processes
Authors: Paluszak Z. , Lipowski A. , Ligocka A. 
Published: December 2010

Survival of BPV and Aujeszky's disease viruses in meat wastes subjected to different sanitization processesThe effect of composting and anaerobic fermentations under meso- and thermophylic conditions (37° and 55°C) on the survival of bovine parvovirus (BPV) and Aujeszky's disease viruse (ADV) in meat wastes has been examined in this study. Viruses were adsorbed on filters and introduced into carriers which were made of meat fragments of different sizes and bones or in the form of suspension they were introduced into the biomass in the course of processes of waste treatment. Carriers were removed at appropriate time intervals and virus titres were determined. The thermoresistant parvovirus survived for the longest time during mesophylic fermentation (almost 70 days), slightly shorter during composting (7-9.5 days depending on the type of carrier) and for the shortest time - at 55°C (46-76 hours). Its inactivation rate was the fastest in a suspension, slower in meat and bone carriers. ADV inactivation proceeded considerably faster, as compared with BPV. Its active particles were not detected as early as in the 30thminute of thermophylic fermentation, the 6thhour of mesophylic fermentation and at the first sampling time during composting (at the 72ndhour). Total survival time ranged from 50 min to 13 hours. All the tested technologies enabled the effective elimination of ADV and on average twofold decrease in BPV titre. From the study conducted it follows that of both viruses, the BPV should be applied for validation processes of methods used in meat waste processing, particularly if this refers to methods where higher temperature is the factor inactivating pathogens.
Response of pregnant and lactating sows to reduced protein content in complete compound feed
Authors: Gajewczyk P. , Korniewicz D. , Kołacz R. , Dobrzański Z. , Korniewicz A. 
Published: December 2010

Response of pregnant and lactating sows to reduced protein content in complete compound feed
The experimental material consisted of 42 sows divided into 3 feeding groups, each containing 14 sows fed complete compound feed varying in protein content. Protein and amino acid content of the feed fed to the control group was in compliance with Polish standards. Protein content in the experimental groups was reduced by 10% and 20%, respectively. At the same time, lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophane content was supplemented to the level of the control group. All pregnant and lactating sows were fed individually. The condition of the sows was determined by measuring the thickness of backfat at the P2 position on days 30 and 105 of pregnancy and on day 25 of lactation. The data analyzed in the study included: the total number of piglets born, their body weight gain, milk composition, weaning-to-estrus interval and the farrowing rate. Protein content of the compound feed did not have a significant impact on the increment in backfat during pregnancy and losses during lactation. The sows fed compound feed with reduced protein content gave birth to 0.7 and 0.6 less piglets per litter than the control animals. However, due to lower losses, they bred 0.3 and 0.4 more piglets than the control sows. Average body weight of a piglet on day 21 was 0.5 kg lower in the experimental than in the control group. Dry matter, protein, fat and lactose content of the sow's milk did not depend on protein content of the feed. The weaning-to-estrus interval in the experimental groups was one day longer than in the control group. The reproductive rate accounted for 86% and was comparable in all the groups.