bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZNF280BY and ZNF280AY: autosome derived Y-chromosome gene families in Bovidae
Authors: Yang Yang , Chang Ti-Cheng , Yasue Hiroshi , Bharti Arvind K , Retzel Ernest F , Liu Wan-Sheng 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
Recent progress in exploring the Y-chromosome gene content in humans, mice and cats have suggested that "autosome-to-Y" transposition of the male fertility genes is a recurrent theme during the mammalian Y-chromosome evolution. These transpositions are lineage-dependent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the lineage-specific Y-chromosome genes in bovid.

Results
We took a direct testis cDNA selection strategy and discovered two novel gene families, ZNF280BY and ZNF280AY, on the bovine (Bos taurus) Y-chromosome (BTAY), which originated from the transposition of a gene block on the bovine chromosome 17 (BTA17) and subsequently amplified. Approximately 130 active ZNF280BY loci (and ~240 pseudogenes) and ~130 pseudogenized ZNF280AY copies are present over the majority of the male-specific region (MSY). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both gene families fit with the "birth-and-death" model of evolution. The active ZNF280BY loci share high sequence similarity and comprise three major genomic structures, resulted from insertions/deletions (indels). Assembly of a 1.2 Mb BTAY sequence in the MSY ampliconic region demonstrated that ZNF280BY and ZNF280AY, together with HSFY and TSPY families, constitute the major elements within the repeat units. The ZNF280BY gene family was found to express in different developmental stages of testis with sense RNA detected in all cell types of the seminiferous tubules while the antisense RNA detected only in the spermatids. Deep sequencing of the selected cDNAs revealed that different loci of ZNF280BY were differentially expressed up to 60-fold. Interestingly, different copies of the ZNF280AY pseudogenes were also found to differentially express up to 10-fold. However, expression level of the ZNF280AY pseudogenes was almost 6-fold lower than that of the ZNF280BY genes. ZNF280BY and ZNF280AY gene families are present in bovid, but absent in other mammalian lineages.

Conclusions

ZNF280BY and ZNF280AY are lineage-specific, multi-copy Y-gene families specific to Bovidae, and are derived from the transposition of an autosomal gene block. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of ZNF280BY s in testis suggest a role in spermatogenesis. This study offers insights into the genomic organization of the bovine MSY and gene regulation in spermatogenesis, and provides a model for studying evolution of multi-copy gene families in mammals.
Expression of G protein-coupled receptors and related proteins in HEK293, AtT20, BV2, and N18 cell lines as revealed by microarray analysis
Authors: Atwood Brady K , Lopez Jacqueline , Wager-Miller James , Mackie Ken , Straiker Alex 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundG protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most widely studied gene superfamilies. Thousands of GPCR research studies have utilized heterologous expression systems such as human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). Though often treated as 'blank slates', these cell lines nevertheless endogenously express GPCRs and related signaling proteins. The outcome of a given GPCR study can be profoundly influenced by this largely unknown complement of receptors and/or signaling proteins. Little easily accessible information exists that describes the expression profiles of the GPCRs in cell lines. What is accessible is often limited in scope - of the hundreds of GPCRs and related proteins, one is unlikely to find information on expression of more than a dozen proteins in a given cell line. Microarray technology has allowed rapid analysis of mRNA levels of thousands of candidate genes, but though often publicly available, the results can be difficult to efficiently access or even to interpret.ResultsTo bridge this gap, we have used microarrays to measure the mRNA levels of a comprehensive profile of non-chemosensory GPCRs and over a hundred GPCR signaling related gene products in four cell lines frequently used for GPCR research: HEK293, AtT20, BV2, and N18.ConclusionsThis study provides researchers an easily accessible mRNA profile of the endogenous signaling repertoire that these four cell lines possess. This will assist in choosing the most appropriate cell line for studying GPCRs and related signaling proteins. It also provides a better understanding of the potential interactions between GPCRs and those signaling proteins.
Lack of association between genetic polymorphisms within DUSP12 - ATF6locus and glucose metabolism related traits in a Chinese population
Authors: Hu Cheng , Zhang Rong , Wang Congrong , Ma Xiaojing , Wang Jie , Bao Yuqian , Xiang Kunsan , Jia Weiping 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
Genome-wide linkage studies in multiple ethnic populations found chromosome 1q21-q25 was the strongest and most replicable linkage signal in the human chromosome. Studies in Pima Indian, Caucasians and African Americans identified several SNPs in DUSP12 and ATF6, located in chromosome 1q21-q23, were associated with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
We selected 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that could tag 98% of the SNPs with minor allele frequencies over 0.1 within DUSP12-ATF6 region. These SNPs were genotyped in a total of 3,700 Chinese Han subjects comprising 1,892 type 2 diabetes patients and 1,808 controls with normal glucose regulation.

Results
None of the SNPs and haplotypes showed significant association to type 2 diabetes in our samples. No association between the SNPs and quantitative traits was observed either.

Conclusions
Our data suggests common SNPs within DUSP12-ATF6 locus may not play a major role in glucose metabolism in the Chinese.
One-year risk of psychiatric hospitalization and associated treatment costs in bipolar disorder treated with atypical antipsychotics: a retrospective claims database analysis
Authors: Kim Edward , You Min , Pikalov Andrei , Van-Tran Quynh , Jing Yonghua 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
This study compared 1-year risk of psychiatric hospitalization and treatment costs in commercially insured patients with bipolar disorder, treated with aripiprazole, ziprasidone, olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone.

Methods
This was a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study using the Ingenix Lab/Rx integrated insurance claims dataset. Patients with bipolar disorder and 180 days of pre-index enrollment without antipsychotic exposure who received atypical antipsychotic agents were followed for up to 12 months following the initial antipsychotic prescription. The primary analysis used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate time-dependent risk of hospitalization, adjusting for age, sex and pre-index hospitalization. Generalized gamma regression compared post-index costs between treatment groups.

Results
Compared to aripiprazole, ziprasidone, olanzapine and quetiapine had higher risks for hospitalization (hazard ratio 1.96, 1.55 and 1.56, respectively; p < 0.05); risperidone had a numerically higher but not statistically different risk (hazard ratio 1.37; p = 0.10). Mental health treatment costs were significantly lower for aripiprazole compared with ziprasidone (p = 0.004) and quetiapine (p = 0.007), but not compared to olanzapine (p = 0.29) or risperidone (p = 0.80). Total healthcare costs were significantly lower for aripiprazole compared to quetiapine (p = 0.040) but not other comparators.

Conclusions
In commercially insured adults with bipolar disorder followed for 1 year after initiation of atypical antipsychotics, treatment with aripiprazole was associated with a lower risk of psychiatric hospitalization than ziprasidone, quetiapine, olanzapine and risperidone, although this did not reach significance with the latter. Aripiprazole was also associated with significantly lower total healthcare costs than quetiapine, but not the other comparators.
Correlational analysis and predictive validity of psychological constructs related with pain in fibromyalgia
Authors: Maurel Sara , Rodero Baltasar , Lopez-del-Hoyo Yolanda , Luciano Juan V , Andrés Eva , Roca Miquel , Bergos Raquel del Moral , Ruiz-Lancina Yolanda , García-Campayo Javier 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent and disabling disorder characterized by a history of widespread pain for at least three months. Pain is considered a complex experience in which affective and cognitive aspects are crucial for prognosis. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of pain-related psychological constructs on function and pain in patients with FM.

Methods

Design
Multicentric, naturalistic, one-year follow-up study.

Setting and study sample. Patients will be recruited from primary care health centres in the region of Aragon, Spain. Patients considered for inclusion are those aged 18-65 years, able to understand Spanish, who fulfil criteria for primary FM according to the American College of Rheumatology, with no previous psychological treatment.

Measurements
The variables measured will be the following: main variables (pain assessed with a visual analogue scale and with sphygmomanometer and general function assessed with Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and), psychological constructs (pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, mental defeat, psychological inflexibility, perceived injustice, mindfulness, and positive and negative affect), and secondary variables (sociodemographic variables, anxiety and depression assessed with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and psychiatric interview assessed with MINI). Assessments will be carried at baseline and at one-year follow-up.

Main outcome
Pain Visual Analogue Scale.

Analysis
The existence of differences in socio-demographic, main outcome and other variables regarding pain-related psychological constructs will be analysed using Chi Square test for qualitative variables, or Student t test or variance analysis, respectively, for variables fulfilling the normality hypothesis. To assess the predictive value of pain-related psychological construct on main outcome variables at one-year follow-up, use will be made of a logistic regression analysis adjusted for socio-demographic and clinical variables. A Spearman Rho non-parametric correlation matrix will be developed to determine possible overlapping between pain-related psychological constructs.

Discussion
In recent years, the relevance of cognitive and affective aspects for the treatment of chronic pain, not only in FM but also in other chronic pain diseases, has been widely acknowledged. However, the relative importance of these psychological constructs, the relationship and possible overlapping between them, or the exact meaning of them in pain are not enough known.
A trial of intermittent preventive treatment and home-based management of malaria in a rural area of The Gambia
Authors: Sesay Sanie , Milligan Paul , Touray Ensa , Sowe Maimuna , Webb Emily L , Greenwood Brian M , Bojang Kalifa A 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
Individual malaria interventions provide only partial protection in most epidemiological situations. Thus, there is a need to investigate whether combining interventions provides added benefit in reducing mortality and morbidity from malaria. The potential benefits of combining IPT in children (IPTc) with home management of malaria (HMM) was investigated.

Methods
During the 2008 malaria transmission season, 1,277 children under five years of age resident in villages within the rural Farafenni demographic surveillance system (DSS) in North Bank Region, The Gambia were randomized to receive monthly IPTc with a single dose of sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) plus three doses of amodiaquine (AQ) or SP and AQ placebos given by village health workers (VHWs) on three occasions during the months of September, October and November, in a double-blind trial. Children in all study villages who developed an acute febrile illness suggestive of malaria were treated by VHWs who had been taught how to manage malaria with artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem™). The primary aims of the project were to determine whether IPTc added significant benefit to HMM and whether VHWs could effectively combine the delivery of both interventions.

Results
The incidence of clinical attacks of malaria was very low in both study groups. The incidence rate of malaria in children who received IPTc was 0.44 clinical attacks per 1,000 child months at risk while that for control children was 1.32 per 1,000 child months at risk, a protective efficacy of 66% (95% CI -23% to 96%; p = 0.35). The mean (standard deviation) haemoglobin concentration at the end of the malaria transmission season was similar in the two treatment groups: 10.2 (1.6) g/dL in the IPTc group compared to 10.3 (1.5) g/dL in the placebo group. Coverage with IPTc was high, with 94% of children receiving all three treatments during the study period.

Conclusion
Due to the very low incidence of malaria, no firm conclusion can be drawn on the added benefit of IPTc in preventing clinical episodes of malaria among children who had access to HMM in The Gambia. However, the study showed that VHWs can successfully combine provision of HMM with provision of IPTc.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00944840
Surgical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with biliary tumor thrombi
Authors: Shao Wenyu , Sui Chengjun , Liu Zhenyu , Yang Jiamei , Zhou Yanming 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
To investigate the surgical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with biliary tumor thrombi (BTT).

Methods
Surgical outcome of 27 HCC patients with BTT (group I) were compared with randomly selected HCC patients without BTT (group II; n = 270).

Results
One patient in group I died of hepatic failure within 30 days after resection. The 1-, 3- and 5-year cumulative survival rates of group I were 70.3%, 25.9%, and 7.4%, respectively; these were significantly lower than those of group II (90.6%, 54.0%, and 37.7%) (P < 0.001). The rates of early recurrence (≤ 1 year) after resection were significantly higher in group I than group II (70.3% vs. 34.8%) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
HCC patients with BTT had a worse prognosis after resection than those without BTT. Resection should be considered for these tumors given the lack of effective alternative therapies.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are increased in cerebrospinal fluid of untreated patients during multiple sclerosis relapse
Authors: Longhini Ana Leda F , von Glehn Felipe , Brandão Carlos Otávio , de Paula Rosemeire FO , Pradella Fernando , Moraes Adriel S , Farias Alessandro S , Oliveira Elaine C , Quispe-Cabanillas Juan G , Abreu Cassiana Horta , Damasceno Alfredo , Damasceno Benito P , Balashov Konstantin E , Santos Leonilda MB 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) express a high level of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9), which recognizes viral DNA. Activated via TLR-9, pDCs also secrete large amounts of type I interferon which are involved either in stimulation or down regulation of immune response in multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, we determinate pDCs levels by flow cytometry in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Peripheral Blood from MS patients in relapsing and in remitting phases of the disease, comparing with other non-inflammatory diseases (OND). We provide evidence that MS patients in relapse without any treatment have a significantly (p < 0.01) higher percentage of pDCs in CSF than do patients in remission or those with OND. No change in the percentage of pDCs was observed in the peripheral blood of any of these patients. The increase of pDCs in central nervous system during relapse may be explained either by a virus infection or a down regulatory process.
The increased expression of IL-23 in inflammatory bowel disease promotes intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocyte inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity
Authors: Liu Zhanju , Yadav Praveen K , Xu Xiaorong , Su Jingling , Chen Chi , Tang Maochun , Lin Hui , Yu Jifeng , Qian Jiaming , Yang Ping-Chang , Wang Xingpeng 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis study analyzed IL-23p19 expression in inflamed mucosa of IBD and the role in the induction of IEL and NK cell activation as well as Th17 cell differentiation. Expression of IL-23p19 was performed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of IL-23R was assessed by flow cytometry. Cytolytic activities of IEL and NK cells by IL-23 were determined by a standard 51Cr-release assay. Cytokine levels were analyzed by ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of IL-23p19 was increased significantly in inflamed mucosa of CD compared with that in UC and healthy controls. Double-staining confirmed that IL-23p19+ cells were mainly CD68+ macrophages/DCs. IL-23R+ cells were increased significantly in PB- and LP-CD4+ and -CD8+ T and NK cells. IL-23 markedly promoted IBD IEL and NK cell activation and cytotoxicity and triggered IBD PB- and LP-T cells to secrete significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2, and IL-17A compared with controls. Importantly, IL-23 promoted IBD PB- or LP-CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th17 cells, characterized by increased expression of IL-17A and RORC. Anti-TNF treatment could markedly reduce IL-23 expression and Th17 cell infiltration in inflamed mucosa of CD patients. These data indicate that IL-23 is highly expressed in inflamed mucosa of IBD and plays an important role in the induction of IEL, NK, and T cell activation, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and Th17 cell differentiation. Targeted therapy directed against IL-23p19 may have a therapeutic role in treatment of IBD.
Trends in the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Asians Versus Whites
Authors: Lee Ji Won R. , Brancati Frederick L. , Yeh Hsin-Chieh 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
To examine trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and related conditions in Asian Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1997 to 2008 to construct a nationally representative sample of 230,503 U.S. adults aged ≥18 years. Of these adults, 11,056 identified themselves as Asian Americans and 219,447 as non-Hispanic whites.

RESULTS
The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of type 2 diabetes was higher in Asian Americans than in whites throughout the study period (4.3–8.2% vs. 3.8–6.0%), and there was a significant upward trend in both ethnic groups (P &lt; 0.01). BMI also was increased in both groups, but age- and sex-adjusted BMI was consistently lower in Asian Americans. In fully adjusted logistic regression models, Asian Americans remained 30–50% more likely to have diabetes than their white counterparts. In addition, Asian Indians had the highest odds of prevalent type 2 diabetes, followed by Filipinos, other Asians, and Chinese.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with their white counterparts, Asian Americans have a significantly higher risk for type 2 diabetes, despite having substantially lower BMI. Additional investigation of this disparity is warranted, with the aim of tailoring optimal diabetes prevention strategies to Asian Americans.
The Relation of Diabetes, Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose, and Insulin Resistance to Left Ventricular Structure and Function in African Americans
Authors: Fox Ervin R. , Sarpong Daniel F. , Cook Joe C. , Samdarshi Tandaw E. , Nagarajarao Harsha S. , Liebson Philip R. , Sims Mario , Howard George , Garrison Robert , Taylor Herman A. 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
We assessed the relation of diabetes and insulin resistance (IR) on left ventricular (LV) structure and function in African Americans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among those receiving echocardiograms in cycle 1 of the Jackson Heart Study, we assessed the sex-specific relation of fasting blood glucose (FBG), diabetes, and IR to LV structure and function, adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, and BMI.

RESULTS
Among 2,399 participants, LV mass index (Pwomen = 0.0002 and Pmen = 0.02), posterior wall thickness (Pwomen = 0.01 and Pmen = 0.05), and interventricular septal wall thickness (Pwomen = 0.01) were related to FBG categories. Among those with normal FBG and no diabetes, concentric remodeling and low ejection fraction in women and LV mass index and posterior wall thickness in men were related to IR.

CONCLUSIONS
In the largest study of its kind in a community-based cohort of African Americans, we found a relation of FBG category and IR to LV structure and function.
Liver ATP Synthesis Is Lower and Relates to Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Schmid Albrecht Ingo , Szendroedi Julia , Chmelik Marek , Krššák Martin , Moser Ewald , Roden Michael 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
Steatosis associates with insulin resistance and may even predict type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Because muscular insulin resistance relates to myocellular fat deposition and disturbed energy metabolism, we hypothesized that reduced hepatic ATP turnover (fATP) underlies insulin resistance and elevated hepatocellular lipid (HCL) contents.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured hepatic fATP using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with type 2 diabetes and age- and body mass–matched controls. Peripheral (M and M/I) and hepatic (suppression of endogenous glucose production) insulin sensitivity were assessed with euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps.

RESULTS
Diabetic individuals had 29% and 28% lower peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity as well as 42% reduced fATP than controls. After adjusting for HCL, fATP correlated positively with peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity but negatively with waist circumference, BMI, and fasting plasma glucose. Multiple regression analysis identified waist circumference as an independent predictor of fATP and inorganic phosphate (PI) concentrations, explaining 65% (P = 0.001) and 56% (P = 0.003) of the variations. Hepatocellular PI primarily determined the alterations in fATP.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance relates to perturbed hepatic energy metabolism, which is at least partly accounted for by fat depots.