bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties and usefulness of aggregates of synovial mesenchymal stem cells as a source for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Suzuki Shiro , Muneta Takeshi , Tsuji Kunikazu , Ichinose Shizuko , Makino Hatsune , Umezawa Akihiro , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from synovium is a promising therapy for cartilage regeneration. For clinical application, improvement of handling operation, enhancement of chondrogenic potential, and increase of MSCs adhesion efficiency are needed to achieve a more successful cartilage regeneration with a limited number of MSCs without scaffold. The use of aggregated MSCs may be one of the solutions. Here, we investigated the handling, properties and effectiveness of aggregated MSCs for cartilage regeneration.

Methods
Human and rabbit synovial MSCs were aggregated using the hanging drop technique. The gene expression changes after aggregation of synovial MSCs were analyzed by microarray and real time RT-PCR analyses. In vitro and in vivo chondrogenic potential of aggregates of synovial MSCs was examined.

Results
Aggregates of MSCs cultured for three days became visible, approximately 1 mm in diameter and solid and durable by manipulation; most of the cells were viable. Microarray analysis revealed up-regulation of chondrogenesis-related, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes in aggregates of MSCs. In vitro studies showed higher amounts of cartilage matrix synthesis in pellets derived from aggregates of MSCs compared to pellets derived from MSCs cultured in a monolayer. In in vivo studies in rabbits, aggregates of MSCs could adhere promptly on the osteochondral defects by surface tension, and stay without any loss. Transplantation of aggregates of MSCs at relatively low density achieved successful cartilage regeneration. Contrary to our expectation, transplantation of aggregates of MSCs at high density failed to regenerate cartilage due to cell death and nutrient deprivation of aggregates of MSCs.

Conclusions
Aggregated synovial MSCs were a useful source for cartilage regeneration considering such factors as easy preparation, higher chondrogenic potential and efficient attachment.
Viral dsRNA-activated human dendritic cells produce IL-27, which selectively promotes cytotoxicity in naïve CD8+ T cells
Authors: de Groot Rosa , van Beelen Astrid J , Bakdash Ghaith , Taanman-Kueter Esther W M , de Jong Esther C , Kapsenberg Martien L 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Upon viral stimulation, human BDCA1+ dendritic cells produce IL-12 to promote inflammatory cytokines, and IL-27 to enhance cytotoxic responses in developing effector CD8+ T cells.
Viral recognition programs DCs to express Signal 3 molecules that promote the differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells. Besides IL-12, another DC-derived IL-12 family member, IL-27, has been reported to contribute herein, but its specific role is not well understood. Here, we show that whereas IL-12 potently induces inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ and TNF-α, but not IL-2), IL-27 excels in inducing proliferation and a cytotoxic profile (GrB, cytotoxicity of target cells) in human naïve CD8+ T cells. Compared with bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan, viral dsRNA-mimic poly (I:C) is superior in priming human BDCA1+ peripheral blood DCs to produce IL-12 and IL-27, which promote inflammatory cytokines and a cytotoxic profile in differentiating CD8+ T cells, respectively. These data support the concept that viral dsRNA-activated human DCs produce IL-27 to act as a specialized procytotoxic, antiviral cytokine in the development of effector CD8+ T cells.
Common-reflection-surface imaging of shallow and ultrashallow reflectors
Authors: Deidda Gian Piero , Battaglia Enzo , Heilmann Zeno 
Published: June 2012

We analyzed the feasibility of the common-reflection-surface (CRS) stack for near-surface surveys as an alternative to the conventional common midpoint (CMP) stacking procedure. The data-driven, less user-interactive CRS method could be more cost efficient for shallow surveys, where the high sensitivity to velocity analysis makes data processing a critical step. We compared the results for two field data sets collected to image shallow and ultrashallow reflectors: an example of shallow P-wave reflection for targets in the first few hundred meters, and an example of SH-wave reflection for targets in the first 10 m. By processing the shallow P-wave records using the CMP method, we imaged several nearly horizontal reflectors with onsets from 60 to about 250 ms. The CRS stack produced a stacked section more suited for a subsurface interpretation, without any preliminary formal and time-consuming velocity analysis, because the imaged reflectors possessed greater coherency and lateral continuity. With CMP processing of the SH-wave records, we imaged a dipping bedrock interface below four horizontal reflectors in unconsolidated, very low velocity sediments. The vertical and lateral resolution was very high, despite the very shallow depth: the image showed the pinchout of two layers at less than 10 m depth. The numerous traces used by the CRS stack improved the continuity of the shallowest reflector, but the deepest overburden reflectors appear unresolved, with not well-imaged pinchouts. Using the kinematic wavefield attributes determined for each stacking operation, we retrieved velocity fields fitting the stacking velocities we had estimated in the CMP processing. The use of CRS stack could be a significant step ahead to increase the acceptance of the seismic reflection method as a routine investigation method in shallow and ultrashallow seismics.
„Un conflitto intestino e una malattia dell’anima“: ΝΟΣΟΣ E ΣΤΑΣΙΣ nel Sofista di Platone (Soph. 228 A 7–8)
Authors: Grimaudo Sabrina 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In Sophist 228a7–8 the reading of Plato’s manuscripts διαφορᾶς διαφϑοράν is defended on the basis of a reconsideration of the Galenic passages of De placitis Hippocratis et Platonis (V 2, p. 302, 18–19 and V 3, p. 310, 26 De Lacy) usually advanced in order to maintain that it is corrupt and is to be changed into in διαφϑορᾶς διαφοράν. The analysis of several other passages of the Platonic corpus concerning στάσις and νόσος, and the comparison with Plutarch’s De Stoicorum repugnantiis 1041b, which shows a textual history very similar to the considered passage of Plato’s Sophist, further support the reading in the manuscripts.
Abschied eines Schülers vom Meister. Der sog. Panegyricus Gregors des Wundertäters auf Origenes: ΛΟΓΟΣ ΧΑΡΙΣΤΗΡΙΟΣ – ΛΟΓΟΣ ΠΡΟΣΦΩΝΗΤΙΚΟΣ – ΛΟΓΟΣ ΣΥΝΤΑΚΤΙΚΟΣ
Authors: Renger Almut-Barbara 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The speech of Gregory Thaumaturgus to the Christian scholar and theologian Origen (c. 238 C. E.) is a historical document of unusual importance, both in terms of its content, depicting the master-student relationship of the time from the perspective of the student, and in terms of form, providing an actual implementation of the theory of rhetoric that was a cornerstone of higher education. Yet disagreement persists to this day in the scholarly literature over the generic classification of this first example of Christian epideictic oratory. It is most frequently found categorized as a speech of thanksgiving, of praise, or of farewell. This paper discusses the grounds for the various definitions, examines the text itself in search of such grounds, and shows, in reference to two treatises on epideictic attributed to Menander Rhetor, why the most plausible classification is as a logos syntaktikos – a farewell speech, in which a traveler, by means of portraying and arousing emotion, laments the necessary parting and praises the person or people of whom leave is taken.
Maccus vortit barbare? Eine übersehene Lizenzstelle im iambischen Senar
Authors: Deufert Marcus 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Law of Hermann and Lachmann stipulates that in the iambo-trochaic verses of Roman drama the two shorts of a resolved element must not be the final syllables of a trisyllabic or longer word. The exceptions are covered by the ‘rule for places with licence’ (‘norma delle sedi con licenza’), for which a redefined and extended version is given in this paper. Its purpose is to show that a dactylic word can be placed behind the penthemimeral caesura in the iambic senarius. The paper discusses the transmitted evidence for this licence and argues that the place after the penthemimeral caesura in the iambic senarius corresponds to the place after the median diaeresis in the trochaic septenarius, a well established licence-place which permits dactylic words.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in HIV Diagnoses Among Persons Aged 50 Years and Older in 37 US States, 2005–2008
Authors: Linley Laurie , Prejean Joseph , An Qian , Chen Mi , Hall H. Irene 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic disparities in HIV diagnosis rates for persons aged 50 years and older. Methods. We analyzed surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regarding HIV diagnoses during 2005 through 2008 in 37 states. Average annual rates of diagnoses were calculated for persons aged 50 years and older and compared with rates for persons aged 13 to 49 years. Results. The average annual rate of diagnosis (per 100 000 persons) for older persons was 9.8. Rates among older Blacks (49.2) and Hispanics/Latinos (19.5) were 12.6 and 5.0 times, respectively, the rate among older Whites (3.9); rates among younger Blacks (102.5) and Hispanics/Latinos (39.0) were 7.7 and 2.9 times, respectively, the rate among younger Whites (13.3). Older persons were more likely than younger persons to receive a late HIV diagnosis (prevalence ratio = 1.5, P < .001). Conclusions. Racial/ethnic disparities in HIV diagnosis rates are greater among persons aged 50 years and older than among younger persons. The greater HIV diagnosis rates in Blacks and later diagnosis among older persons of all races/ethnicities indicate a need to increase their awareness of risk factors for HIV infection.
TheLive Well, Be WellStudy: A Community-Based, Translational Lifestyle Program to Lower Diabetes Risk Factors in Ethnic Minority and Lower–Socioeconomic Status Adults
Authors: Kanaya Alka M. , Santoyo-Olsson Jasmine , Gregorich Steven , Grossman Melanie , Moore Tanya , Stewart Anita L. 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We evaluated a community-based, translational lifestyle program to reduce diabetes risk in lower–socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnic minority adults.Methods. Through an academic–public health department partnership, community-dwelling adults at risk for diabetes were randomly assigned to individualized lifestyle counseling delivered primarily via telephone by health department counselors or a wait-list control group. Primary outcomes (6 and 12 months) were fasting glucose level, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, weight, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure. Secondary outcomes included diet, physical activity, and health-related quality of life.Results. Of the 230 participants, study retention was 92%. The 6-month group differences for weight and triglycerides were significant. The intervention group lost 2 pounds more than did the control group (P = .03) and had decreased triglyceride levels (difference in change, 23 mg/dL; P = .02). At 6 months, the intervention group consumed 7.7 fewer grams per day of fat (P = .05) and more fruits and vegetables (P = .02) than did control participants.Conclusions. Despite challenges designing effective translational interventions for lower-SES and minority communities, this program modestly improved some diabetes risk factors. Thus, individualized, telephone-based models may be a promising alternative to group-based interventions.
Overcoming the Unhealthy Pursuit of Thinness: Reaction to the Québec Charter for a Healthy and Diverse Body Image
Authors: Gauvin Lise , Steiger Howard 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We examined the population reach, acceptability, and perceived potential of an initiative that developed a promotional tool for a healthy body image, the Québec Charter for a Healthy and Diverse Body Image. The Charter, developed through consensus building by a multisectoral, government-led task force, outlined actions to be undertaken by organizations or citizens to reduce media pressures favoring thinness. Methods. Six months after the Charter’s launch, we surveyed 1003 Québec residents aged 18 years or older about their knowledge of the Charter, their willingness to adhere to it, and their perceptions of its potential. Results. After minimal prompting, more than 35% of respondents recognized the Charter. About 33.7% were very favorable toward personally adhering to the Charter and 32.7% perceived the Charter as having high potential to sensitize people to negative consequences of disordered eating. Women showed greater likelihood and people with lesser education showed lower likelihood of spontaneous recognition. Conclusions. An initiative involving the creation of a body image Charter reaches a substantial portion of adults and is viewed as acceptable and potentially influential.
Children’s Aerobic Fitness and Academic Achievement: A Longitudinal Examination of Students During Their Fifth and Seventh Grade Years
Authors: Wittberg Richard A. , Northrup Karen L. , Cottrell Lesley A. 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We assessed children’s potential differences in academic achievement based on aerobic fitness over a 2-year period. Methods. The longitudinal study sample included 3 cohorts of students (n = 1725; 50.1% male) enrolled in a West Virginia public school system. Students received baseline fitness and academic assessments as fifth graders and at a 2-year follow-up assessment. We used FitnessGram to assess fitness in aerobic capacity and WESTEST, a criterion-based assessment, for academic performance. Results. Students who stayed in the healthy fitness zone (HFZ) had significantly higher WESTEST scores than did students who stayed in the needs improvement zone (NIZ). Students who moved into or out of the HFZ occasionally had significantly higher WESTEST scores than did students who stayed in the NIZ, but they were rarely significantly lower than those of students who stayed in the HFZ. Conclusions. Students’ aerobic capacity is associated with greater academic achievement as defined by standardized test scores. This advantage appears to be maintained over time, especially if the student stays in the HFZ.
Obesity and Supermarket Access: Proximity or Price?
Authors: Drewnowski Adam , Aggarwal Anju , Hurvitz Philip M. , Monsivais Pablo , Moudon Anne V 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We examined whether physical proximity to supermarkets or supermarket price was more strongly associated with obesity risk. Methods. The Seattle Obesity Study (SOS) collected and geocoded data on home addresses and food shopping destinations for a representative sample of adult residents of King County, Washington. Supermarkets were stratified into 3 price levels based on average cost of the market basket. Sociodemographic and health data were obtained from a telephone survey. Modified Poisson regression was used to test the associations between obesity and supermarket variables. Results. Only 1 in 7 respondents reported shopping at the nearest supermarket. The risk of obesity was not associated with street network distances between home and the nearest supermarket or the supermarket that SOS participants reported as their primary food source. The type of supermarket, by price, was found to be inversely and significantly associated with obesity rates, even after adjusting for individual-level sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, and proximity measures (adjusted relative risk = 0.34; 95% confidence interval = 0.19, 0.63) Conclusions. Improving physical access to supermarkets may be one strategy to deal with the obesity epidemic; improving economic access to healthy foods is another.
Incentives for Research Participation: Policy and Practice From Canadian Corrections
Authors: Matheson Flora I. , Forrester Pamela , Brazil Amanda , Doherty Sherri , Affleck Lindy 
Published: June 2012

We explored current policies and practices on the use of incentives in research involving adult offenders under correctional supervision in prison and in the community (probation and parole) in Canada. We contacted the correctional departments of each of the Canadian provinces and territories, as well as the federal government department responsible for offenders serving sentences of two years or more. Findings indicated that two departments had formal policy whereas others had unwritten practices, some prohibiting their use and others allowing incentives on a case-by-case basis. Given the differences across jurisdictions, it would be valuable to examine how current incentive policies and practices are implemented to inform national best practices on incentives for offender-based research.
Developing an Integrated Strategy to Reduce Ethnic and Racial Disparities in the Delivery of Clinical Preventive Services for Older Americans
Authors: Shenson Douglas , Adams Mary , Bolen Julie , Wooten Karen , Clough Juliana , Giles Wayne H. , Anderson Lynda 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. To determine the optimum strategy for increasing up-to-date (UTD) levels in older Americans, while reducing disparities between White, Black, and Hispanic adults, aged 65 years and older. Methods. Data were analyzed from the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, quantifying the proportion of older Americans UTD with influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations, mammograms, Papanicolaou tests, and colorectal cancer screening. A comparison of projected changes in UTD levels and disparities was ascertained by numerically accounting for UTD adults lacking 1 or more clinical preventive services (CPS). Analyses were performed by gender and race/ethnicity. Results. Expanded provision of specific vaccinations and screenings each increased UTD levels. When those needing only vaccinations were immunized, there was a projected decrease in racial/ethnic disparities in UTD levels (2.3%–12.2%). When those needing only colorectal cancer screening, mammography, or Papanicolaou test were screened, there was an increase in UTD disparities (1.6%–4.5%). Conclusions. A primary care and public health focus on adult immunizations, in addition to other CPS, offers an effective strategy to reduce disparities while improving UTD levels.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health in Older Adults in Brazil and England
Authors: Lima-Costa M. Fernanda , De Oliveira Cesar , Macinko James , Marmot Michael 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We examined socioeconomic inequalities in health among older adults in England and Brazil. Methods. We analyzed nationally representative samples of residents aged 50 years and older in 2008 data from the Brazilian National Household Survey (n = 75 527) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n = 9589). We estimated prevalence ratios for self-rated health, functional limitations, and reported chronic diseases, by education level and household income tertiles. Results. Brazilians reported worse health than did English respondents. Country-specific differences were higher among the poorest, but also affected the wealthiest persons. We observed a strong inverse gradient of similar magnitude across education and household income levels for most health indicators in each country. Prevalence ratios (lowest vs highest education level) of poor self-rated health were 3.24 in Brazil and 3.50 in England; having 2 or more functional limitations, 1.81 in Brazil and 1.96 in England; and having 1 or more diseases, 1.14 in Brazil and 1.36 in England. Conclusions. Socioeconomic inequalities in health affect both populations, despite a less pronounced absolute difference in household income and education in Brazil than in England.
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment: Public Health Training for Primary Care
Authors: Marshall Vanessa J. , McLaurin-Jones TyWanda L. , Kalu Nnenna , Kwagyan John , Scott Denise M. , Cain Gloria , Greene Wendy , Adenuga Babafemi , Taylor Robert E. 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to elucidate changes in attitudes, experiences, readiness, and confidence levels of medical residents to perform screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) and factors that moderate these changes. Methods. A cohort of 121 medical residents received an educational intervention. Self-reported experience, readiness, attitude, and confidence toward SBIRT-related skills were measured at baseline and at follow-up. Analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of medical specialization. Results. The intervention significantly increased experience (P < .001), attitude (P < .05), readiness (P < .001), and confidence (P < .001). Residents were more likely to report that their involvement influenced patients’ substance use. However, experience applying SBIRT skills varied by country of birth, specialty, and baseline scores. Conclusions. This study suggested that SBIRT training was an effective educational tool that increased residents’ sense of responsibility. However, application of skills might differ by specialization and other variables. Future studies are needed to explore and evaluate SBIRT knowledge obtained, within the context of cultural awareness and clinical skills.
The Social Determinants of Health and Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza Severity
Authors: Lowcock Elizabeth C. , Rosella Laura C. , Foisy Julie , McGeer Allison , Crowcroft Natasha 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We explored the effects of social determinants of health on pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza severity and the role of clinical risk factors in mediating such associations. Methods. We used multivariate logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to examine the associations between individual- and ecological-level social determinants of health and hospitalization for pandemic H1N1 2009 illness in a case-control study in Ontario, Canada. Results. During the first pandemic phase (April 23–July 20, 2009), hospitalization was associated with having a high school education or less and living in a neighborhood with high material or total deprivation. We also observed the association with education in the second phase (August 1–November 6, 2009). Clinical risk factors for severe pandemic H1N1 2009 illness mediated approximately 39% of the observed association. Conclusions. The main clinical risk factors for severe pandemic H1N1 2009 illness explain only a portion of the associations observed between social determinants of health and hospitalization, suggesting that the means by which the social determinants of health affect pandemic H1N1 2009 outcomes extend beyond clinically recognized risk factors.