bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of storage temperatures, O2 concentrations and variety on respiration of mangoes
Authors: Devanesan Jacinth , Karuppiah Alagusundaram , Abirami C. 
Published: March 2012

Effect of storage temperatures, O2 concentrations and variety on respiration of mangoesThe respiration rate of fruits and vegetables is an important indicator of senescence and ethylene production in fruits. Storage temperatures play a major role in the respiration rates of fruits and vegetables. Experiments were conducted to establish the influence of storage temperatures, O2 concentrations and variety on the respiration of mangoes. The study was conducted on two varieties of mangoes namely, cvs ‘Banganapalli’ and ‘Thothapuri’. Experiments were conducted on a single fruit, weighing approximately 500 g and kept in separate glass bottles stored at 12, 20, 28, and 40 °C. Respiration rates were calculated and presented as the rate of release of CO2 or the rate of consumption of O2. Respiration rates decreased with a decrease in temperature from 40 °C to 12 °C, and with a decrease in O2 concentration from 21% to 1% in the micro-environment. The respiration rate was faster in ‘Banganapalli’ than in ‘Thothapuri’ as indicated by the CO2 release rate. The rate of CO2 release was very slow in mangoes stored at 12 °C in both the varieties and the rate decreased from 8.60 to 8.00 ml kg-1 h-1 in ‘Banganapalli’ variety and from 11.00 to 7.80 ml kg-1 h-1 in ‘Thothapuri’ variety. The respiration rates were faster at higher temperatures and remained low and stable at low temperatures. Using the respiration data, predictive models were developed for calculating the CO2 release and O2 consumption patterns.
Theoretical and model analysis of the unreliability of cardiac output measurement by means of the thermodilution method
Authors: Gawlikowski M. , Pustelny T. , Przywara-Chowaniec B. , Nowak-Gawlikowska J. 
Published: March 2012

Theoretical and model analysis of the unreliability of cardiac output measurement by means of the thermodilution methodThermodilution is the clinically most often applied method of cardiac output measurements. This method is based on thermal indicator (iced isotonic salt solution) variation measurements by a Swan-Ganz catheter located inside the pulmonary artery. The unreliability of thermodilution should be estimated theoretically because of the lack of references. In this paper an attempt has been made to estimate theoretically the unreliability of thermodilution cardiac output measurements.
Grid synchronization and symmetrical components extraction with PLL algorithm for grid connected power electronic converters - a review
Authors: Bobrowska-Rafal M. , Rafal K. , Jasinski M. , Kazmierkowski M. 
Published: March 2012

Grid synchronization and symmetrical components extraction with PLL algorithm for grid connected power electronic converters - a reviewIn this paper, a review of Phase Locked Loop (PLL) algorithms and symmetrical component extraction methods intended for grid-connected power electronic converters are presented. Proposed classification is based on voltage representation in three coordinates: natural (abc), stationary (αβ) and rotating coordinates (dq). The three selected algorithms are described in details: Dual Second Order Generalized Integrator (DSOGI-PLL), Dual Virtual Flux - both in stationary coordinates. The third one, in rotating dq coordinates, is Dual Synchronous Reference Frame PLL (DSRF-PLL). A comparison of PLL algorithms is presented. Also, selected experimental results are given to verify practical application of discussed algorithms.
Review and comparison of high efficiency high power boost DC/DC converters for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Dawidziuk J. 
Published: March 2012

Review and comparison of high efficiency high power boost DC/DC converters for photovoltaic applicationsRecent environmental issues have accelerated the use of more efficient and energy saving technologies in renewable energy systems. High power high efficiency boost DC/DC converters for the use in photovoltaic, fuel cell systems are discussed in this paper from the viewpoint of power losses and efficiency. State of the art converters with switching frequency within the range of 25 kHz with IGBTs to 100 kHz with power MOSFETs and the highest efficiency close to 98%, depending on the load conditions, is considered. A comparison and discussion of the highest efficiency high power DC/DC boost converters is also presented in this paper.
AC/DC/AC converter in a small hydroelectric power plant
Authors: Sikorski A. , Korzeniewski M. 
Published: March 2012

AC/DC/AC converter in a small hydroelectric power plant
The article discusses application of AC/DC/AC converter cooperating with an induction generator in small hydroelectric power plants. The induction generator works with power grid or a separated group of receivers, enabling to generate power even at low speeds of the turbine. The article provides also results of the investigation concerning the functioning of the generator coupled with AC/DC/AC converter in steady and transient states during start-up and voltage decay.
CM voltage compensation in AC/DC/AC interfaces for smart grids
Authors: Smoleński R. , Jarnut M. , Benysek G. , Kempski A. 
Published: March 2012

CM voltage compensation in AC/DC/AC interfaces for smart grids
In this paper the results of research connected with common mode (CM) interference generated by four-quadrant frequency converters and effective methods of CM voltage compensation are presented. The obtained results show that conducted CM interference generated by these converters in a low voltage (LV) grid can be transferred by means of parasitic couplings into a medium voltage (MV) network and can be observed at distant points under overhead MV lines. The compensation of the CM voltage sources on both the input and the output sides of the AC/DC/AC converter using proposed arrangement of compensators significantly reduces unwanted, EMC related, side effects accompanying the application of AC/DC/AC interfaces in Smart Grids.
A robust 18-pulse diode rectifier with coupled reactors
Authors: Mysiak P. , Strzelecki R. 
Published: March 2012

A robust 18-pulse diode rectifier with coupled reactorsThe article presents the principle of operation and selected results of simulation and laboratory tests of the 18-pulse rectifier system with coupled reactors and small series active power filter. The presented system makes it possible to reduce, especially in distribution supply networks, undesired higher current harmonics. The 18-pulse nature of operation of the rectifier is reached using a set of coupled three-phase network reactors (CDT and CTR). The simultaneous use of the coupled reactors and the small active power filter provides opportunities for reduction of the supply current distortion, especially in case of voltage harmonic distortion and voltage unbalance.
Operation of voltage transformer in grids with distorted signals
Authors: Kasprzak A. , Orlikowski M. , Brodecki D. 
Published: March 2012

Operation of voltage transformer in grids with distorted signals
Non-sinusoidal currents and voltages caused by nonlinear loads appear in power grids more and more frequently. Determination of the voltage transformer accuracy in such conditions makes a problem. Firstly, due to lack of definition of errors for distorted signals and secondly, typical measurement bridges do not accept higher harmonics. In the paper, the new definition of transformation error for distorted voltages has been proposed and some measurement results have been presented.
Managing Knee Injuries: Keeping Up With Changes
Authors: Wilk Kevin E. , Simoneau Guy G. 
Published: March 2012

The knee is one of the most frequently injured joints in the human body, with the treatment of knee injuries representing a significant portion of physical therapists' and orthopaedic physicians' clinical practice. Consequently, the knee is also one of the most frequently studied and written-about joints in the literature. So why publish a special issue on the knee when it is already so frequently discussed in the literature? The main reason is that things change, and certainly things are changing rapidly in the treatment of specific knee lesions. Also, the sheer volume of literature on surgical techniques and rehabilitation concepts makes it a challenge for any clinician to remain up to date. It is therefore the intent of this special issue to provide clinicians with key updates on the management of selected knee injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(3):150–152. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0104
Intracranial hemorrhage after removal of deep brain stimulation electrodes
Authors: Liu James K. C. , Soliman Hesham , Machado Andre , Deogaonkar Milind , Rezai Ali R. 
Published: March 2012

Object
Many previous studies have shown that placement of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes carries a considerable risk of hemorrhage. To date, no studies have evaluated the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage after removal of DBS electrodes. The authors performed a retrospective chart review to identify the incidence and trends in hemorrhage after DBS electrode removal.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of all DBS electrodes removed at the Cleveland Clinic between October 2000 and May 2010 was performed. All patients underwent postoperative CT scanning. Each patient was evaluated for age, sex, side of placement, target, duration of lead placement, reason for removal, and medical comorbidities.

Results
A total of 78 lead removals were performed in the 10-year period (1300 leads were implanted during the same period). Of the 78 leads removed, 10 (12.8%) resulted in hemorrhages seen on postoperative CT scans. The hemorrhages were superficial cortical in 6 cases of lead removal (60%) and deep in 4 cases (40%). No statistically significant correlation to any of the factors evaluated was found. All hemorrhages were asymptomatic. The authors' retrospective study of 78 DBS lead removals revealed a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage (12.8% per lead). The risk of hemorrhage during removal is significantly greater than the risk of hemorrhage during implantation (2.0% per lead at the authors' center during the same period). There were more superficial hemorrhages, and all hemorrhages were asymptomatic.

Conclusions
Removal of DBS leads carries a significantly higher risk of postoperative hemorrhages that are seen on images but are not clinically symptomatic.
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging to reduce the rate of early reoperation for lesion resection in pediatric neurosurgery
Authors: Shah Manish N. , Leonard Jeffrey R. , Inder Gabrielle , Gao Feng , Geske Michael , Haydon Devon H. , Omodon Melvin E. , Evans John , Morales Diego , Dacey Ralph G. , Smyth Matthew D. , Chicoine Michael R. , Limbrick David D. 
Published: March 2012

Object
This study describes the pediatric experience with a dual-multifunction-room IMRIS 1.5-T intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) suite and analyzes its impact on clinical variables associated with neurosurgical resection of intracranial lesions, including safety and efficacy.

Methods
Since the inception of the iMRI–guided resection program in April 2008 at both Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's Hospital, a prospective database recorded the clinical variables associated with demographics and outcome with institutional review board approval. A similarly approved retrospective database was constructed from February 2006 to March 2010 for non–iMRI resections. These databases were retrospectively reviewed for clinical variables associated with resection of pediatric (age 20 months–21 years) intracranial lesions including brain tumors and focal cortical dysplasia. Patient demographics, operative time, estimated blood loss, additional resection, length of stay, pathology, and complications were analyzed.

Results
The authors found that 42 iMRI–guided resections were performed, whereas 103 conventional resections had been performed without the iMRI. The mean patient age was 10.5 years (range 20 months–20 years) in the iMRI group and 9.8 years (range 2–21 years) in the conventional group (p = 0.41). The mean duration of surgery was 350 minutes in the iMRI group and 243 minutes in the conventional group (p < 0.0001). The mean hospital stay was 8.2 days in the iMRI group, and 6.6 days in the conventional group, and this trended toward significance (p = 0.05). In the first 2 weeks postoperatively, there were 8 reoperations (7.77%) in the conventional group compared with none in the iMRI group, which was not significant in a 2-tailed test (p = 0.11) but trended toward significance in a 1-tailed test (p = 0.06). The significant complications included reoperation for hydrocephalus or infection: 6.8% (conventional) versus 4.8% (iMRI).

Conclusions
Intraoperative MR imaging–guided resections resulted in a trend toward reduction in the need for repeat surgery in the immediate 2-week postoperative period compared with conventional pediatric neurosurgical resections for tumor or focal cortical dysplasia. Although there is an increased operative time, the iMRI suite offers a comparable safety and efficacy profile while potentially reducing the per-case cost by diminishing the need for early reoperation.
Use of lumbar ultrasonography to detect occult spinal dysraphism
Authors: Chern Joshua J. , Kirkman Jennifer L. , Shannon Chevis N. , Tubbs R. Shane , Stone Jeffrey D. , Royal Stuart A. , Oakes W. Jerry , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Wellons John C. 
Published: March 2012

Object
Various cutaneous stigmata and congenital anomalies are accepted as sufficient reasons to perform lumbar ultrasonography as a screening tool to rule out occult spinal dysraphism (OSD). The purpose of this study was to correlate presenting cutaneous findings with lumbar ultrasonography results based on a large number of lumbar ultrasonography tests obtained by regional primary care providers.

Methods
Over the course of 5 years, 1273 infants underwent lumbar ultrasonography screening at a major pediatric tertiary referral center. Of these infants, 1116 had adequate documentation for retrospective chart review. Referral sources included urban academic, urban private practice, and surrounding rural private practitioners. Presence of cutaneous stigmata and/or congenital anomalies and lumbar ultrasonography results were reviewed for all patients. When present, surgical findings were reviewed.

Results
A total of 943 infants were referred for presumed cutaneous stigmata, the most common of which was a sacral dimple (638 patients [68%]) followed by hairy patch (96 patients [10%]). Other reported cutaneous findings included hemangioma, deviated gluteal fold, skin tag, and skin discoloration. In comparison, 173 patients presented with congenital anomalies, such as imperforate anus (56 patients [32%]) and tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia (37 patients [21%]), most of which were detected prenatally by fetal ultrasonography. A total of 17 infants underwent surgical exploration. Occult spinal dysraphism was diagnosed in 7 infants in the cutaneous stigmata group and in 10 infants in the group with congenital abnormalities. None of the cutaneous stigmata as recorded were found to be indicative of the presence of OSD.

Conclusions
Cutaneous markers as currently defined by general practitioners are not useful markers for predicting OSD. The vast majority of findings on lumbar ultrasonography studies performed under these circumstances will be negative.
Projected future suitable habitat and productivity of Douglas-fir in western North America
Authors: Weiskittel Aaron R. , Crookston Nicholas L. , Rehfeldt Gerald E. 
Published: March 2012

Projected future suitable habitat and productivity of Douglas-fir in western North America
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) is one of the most common and commercially important species in western North America. The species can occupy a range of habitats, is long-lived (up to 500 years), and highly productive. However, the future of Douglas-fir in western North America is highly uncertain due to the expected changes in climate conditions. This analysis presents a summary of work that utilizes an extensive network of inventory plots to project potential future changes in Douglas-fir habitat and productivity. By 2090, the amount of potential Douglas-fir habitat is projected to change little in terms of area (−4%). However, the habitat is expected to shift from coastal areas of North America to the interior. Corresponding changes in productivity are also projected as coastal areas experience reductions, while interior areas experience modest increases in productivity. Overall, the analysis indicates a sensitivity of Douglas-fir to climate and suggests that significant changes in North America are to be expected under climate change.
Douglasien-Provenienzversuch von 1961 in Nordwestdeutschland: Ergebnisse nach 38 Jahren
Authors: Weller Andreas 
Published: March 2012

Douglas-fir provenance trials established 1961 in northwestern Germany: findings at the age of 38 years
The Douglas-fir provenance trials established on 14 sites in northwestern Germany in 1961 are the basis for a comparison of 26 North American Douglas-fir provenances. The following assessment criteria were formulated: (1) How do the provenances differ with respect to total volume growth after 38 years? (2) Can climate-induced variations be observed in provenance values? (3) Do provenances differ in regard to branchiness? Because of non-orthogonal trial set-ups and plot-related influences, overall trial sites analysis called for a standardisation of interval-scaled primary data. Relative rank classes were calculated on the basis of a mean plot value. With respect to total volume growth, the provenances Tenas Creek (D47) as well as Molalla (D74) and Timber (D41/59) proved provenances with stable and outstanding productivity. Among the tested local climate elements “long-term annual mean temperature”, “mean annual precipitation” and “height above sea level” only the influence of long-term annual mean temperature is statistically relevant for productivity. Beside hardy ecotypes, which adapt to a wide spectrum of differing plot climates (e.g., Molalla [D74]), there are provenances with poor adaptive capabilities that react sensitively to local climatic conditions (e.g., Salmon Arm II [D46]). For the criterion “fine-branchiness”, the provenances Conrad Creek (D43), Ashford (D67) and Gold Hill (D83) show the best, the provenances Detroit (D76), Carson (D87) and Salmon Arm II (D46) the poorest results.
Iceberg signatures and detection in SAR images in two test regions of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Wesche Christine , Dierking Wolfgang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA pixel-based methodology has been established for automatic identification of icebergs in satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired during different seasons and for different sea- ice conditions. This includes, in particular, smaller icebergs (longitudinal axis 100 m to 18.5 km). Investigations were carried out for two test regions located in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, using images of the Envisat Advanced SAR (ASAR) at HH polarization and of the European Remote-sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2) SAR (VV-polarized). From the former, a sequence of Image Mode and Wide Swath Mode data are available for the whole of 2006. The ERS data were acquired around the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula in spring and summer months of the years 2000-03. The minimum size of icebergs that could be identified in the IM images was <0.02 km2. Radar backscattering coefficients of icebergs, sea ice and open water were determined separately. We demonstrate that the error in separating icebergs from their surroundings (sea ice or open water) depends on meteorological, oceanographic and sea-ice conditions. Also the pre-processing of the SAR images (e.g. speckle reduction) influences iceberg recognition. Differences in detection accuracy as a function of season could not be substantiated for our test sites, but have in general to be taken into account, as results of other investigations indicate.
Expanding the scope of anatomical sciences: The case of “Human evolution: The fossil evidence” course at the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel‐Aviv University
Authors: Notzer Netta , Abramovitz Ruth 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Anatomy Department at Tel‐Aviv University Medical School offers its students an elective course of 26 didactic hours on human evolution. The course is open to students from all faculties, who must fulfill all academic requirements, without a prerequisite of a background in anatomy. Approximately 120 students attend annually, a third of them are nonmedical students who major in philosophy, archeology, and sociology. This article discusses the course's contributions to students' understanding of a scientific concept that a scientific theory can be contradicted by new evidence, because facts govern science. Also, research methods of applying scientific principles establish the understanding of the human body, which evidently contributes to health and medicine. In the classes, the students are divided into mini‐groups of 2–3 students, while the lecturer moves among students to examine fossils. In addition, analogies, open‐discussions, and explanations accompany the tangible experiences. The lecturer of the course is an experienced anthropologist–anatomist researcher. He is a role‐model and a mentor, sharing with the students his belief that a scientist should be persistent in his research to overcome difficult circumstances. Students, regardless of their backgrounds, express high appreciation of the course in their feedback questionnaires. The message conveyed by this course is that not only knowledge counts but also its integration with scientific principles. This course teaches us that science can bring students from different areas to study together and share ideas. In conclusion, this is a unique course in the eyes of the faculty and students alike. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Anatomical Sciences Education Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2012 Cover Image
Authors: Samalia Latika , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe dissecting competition in progress at the Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. In this issue of ASE, Drs. Samalia and Stringer describe a dissecting competition for third year medical students. Working alone, students undertake a detailed dissection during a single weekend day and present an appropriately labeled prosection, together with a 300 word abstract emphasizing the clinical relevance of their work. Dissections are judged on presentation, accuracy of labeling, and relevance to the clinical abstract.
A multi‐class mean‐excess traffic equilibrium model with elastic demand
Authors: Xu Xiangdong , Chen Anthony , Zhou Zhong , Cheng Lin 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYRecent empirical studies have revealed that travel time variability plays an important role in travelers' route choice decisions. To simultaneously account for both reliability and unreliability aspects of travel time variability, the concept of mean‐excess travel time (METT) was recently proposed as a new risk‐averse route choice criterion. In this paper, we extend the mean‐excess traffic equilibrium model to include heterogeneous risk‐aversion attitudes and elastic demand. Specifically, this model explicitly considers (1) multiple user classes with different risk‐aversions toward travel time variability when making route choice decisions under uncertainty and (2) the elasticity of travel demand as a function of METT when making travel choice decisions under uncertainty. This model is thus capable of modeling travelers' heterogeneous risk‐averse behaviors with both travel choice and route choice considerations. The proposed model is formulated as a variational inequality problem and solved via a route‐based algorithm using the modified alternating direction method. Numerical analyses are also provided to illustrate the features of the proposed model and the applicability of the solution algorithm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.