bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of research hotspots and trends in pediatric ophthalmopathy based on 10 years of WoSCC literature
Authors: Jia Qianfang , Wang Xiaofang , Li Xiwan , Xie Cuijuan , Zhang Qing , Mu Jingfeng , Yang Weihua 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundOphthalmopathy occurring in childhood can easily lead to irreversible visual impairment, and therefore a great deal of clinical and fundamental researches have been conducted in pediatric ophthalmopathy. However, a few studies have been performed to analyze such large amounts of research using bibliometric methods. This study intended to apply bibliometric methods to analyze the research hotspots and trends in pediatric ophthalmopathy, providing a basis for clinical practice and scientific research to improve children's eye health.MethodsPublications related to pediatric ophthalmopathy were searched and identified in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric and visualized analysis was performed using the WoSCC analysis system and CiteSpace.6.2.6 software, and high-impact publications were analyzed.ResultsThis study included a total of 7,177 publications from 162 countries and regions. Of these, 2,269 from the United States and 1,298 from China. The centrality and H-index were highest in the United States at 0.27 and 66, respectively. The University of London and Harvard University had the highest H-index at 37. Freedman,Sharon F published 55 publications, with the highest H-index at 19. The emerging burst keyword in 2020–2023 was “eye tracking,” and the burst keywords in 2021–2023 were “choroidal thickness,” “pediatric ophthalmology,” “impact” and “childhood glaucoma.” Retinopathy of prematurity, myopia, retinoblastoma and uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis were the main topics in the high-impact publications, with clinical studies in the majority, especially in retinopathy of prematurity.ConclusionEye health in children is a research hotspot, with the United States publishing the largest number of papers and having the greatest influence in research on pediatric ophthalmopathy, and China coming in second. The University of London and Stanford University had the greatest influence. Freedman, Sharon F was the most influential author. Furthermore, “choroidal thickness,” “pediatric ophthalmology,” “impact,” “childhood glaucoma” and “eye tracking”are the latest hotspots in the field of pediatric ophthalmopathy. These hotspots represent hot diseases, hot technologies and holistic concepts, which are exactly the research trends in the field of pediatric ophthalmopathy, providing guidance and grounds for clinical practice and scientific research on children's eye health.
Incidence, outcome, and prognostic factors of prolonged mechanical ventilation among children in Chinese mainland: a multi-center survey
Authors: Zhang Zhengzheng , Cai Xiaodi , Ming Meixiu , Huang Li , Liu Chengjun , Ren Hong , Qu Dong , Gao Hengmiao , Cheng Yibing , Zhang Furong , Yang Zihao , Xu Wei , Miao Hongjun , Liu Pan , Liu Yuxin , Lu Guoping , Chen Weiming 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence, outcome, and prognostic factors of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in children in Mainland China.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in 11 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) from May 1, 2021, to April 30, 2022. All pediatric patients on mechanical ventilation meeting the criteria for PMV were included in the study.ResultsOut of 5,292 patients receiving mechanical ventilation, 278 children met the criteria for PMV (5.3%). After excluding case with incomplete data or lost to follow-up, the study included 250 patients. Among them, 115 were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation, 90 died, and 45 were still on mechanical ventilation. The 6-month survival rate was 64%. The primary associated conditions of PMV were lower airway diseases (36%), central nervous system diseases (32%), and neuromuscular diseases (14%). The stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the utilization of vasoactive agents and an elevated pediatric logistic organ dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2) score on the day of PMV diagnosis were significantly associated with an increased of PMV death. Specifically, the odds ratio (OR) for vasoactive agent use was 2.86; (95% CI: 0.15–0.84; P = 0.018), and for the PELOD-2 score, it was 1.37; 95% CI: 1.17–1.61; P &lt; .001). Conversely, early rehabilitation intervention was negatively associated with the risk of PMV death (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.22–0.93; P = .032). Furthermore, the tracheotomy timing emerged as an independent predictor of failure to wean from PMV, with an OR of 1.08, (95% CI: 1.01–1.16; P = .030).ConclusionsThe study revealed a 5.3% incidence of PMV in children requiring mechanical ventilation in China. The use of vasoactive agents and a higher PELOD-2 score at PMV diagnosis were significantly associated with an increased risk of PMV death, whereas early rehabilitation intervention was identified as crucial for improving patient outcomes. The timing of tracheostomy was identified as a high-risk factor for failure to wean from mechanical ventilation.
A real-world pharmacovigilance analysis for transthyretin inhibitors: findings from the FDA adverse event reporting database
Authors: Liu Yuan , Li Hao , Hu Cheng , Tan Li , Yin Ping , Li Zhihao , Zhou Shuangshan , Su Li 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate the drug safety of three Transthyretin (TTR) inhibitors in the real world using the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.MethodsThis study extracted reports received by the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2018 to the third quarter of 2023 for descriptive analysis and disproportionality analysis. Safety signal mining was conducted at the Preferred Term (PT) level and the System Organ Class (SOC) level using reporting odds ratio (ROR). The characteristics of the time-to-onset curves were analyzed using the Weibull Shape Parameter (WSP). The cumulative incidence of TTR inhibitors was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on whether the reporter was a medical professional.ResultsA total of 3,459 reports of adverse events (AEs) caused by TTR inhibitors as the primary suspect (PS) drug were extracted. The top three reported AEs for patisiran were fatigue, asthenia, and fall, with the most unexpectedly strong association being nonspecific reaction. The top three reported AEs for vutrisiran were fall, pain in extremity and malaise, with the most unexpectedly strong association being subdural haematoma. The top three reported AEs for inotersen were platelet count decreased, blood creatinine increased, and fatigue, with the most unexpectedly strong association being blood albumin decreased. Vitamin A decreased, arthralgia, and dyspnea were the same AEs mentioned in the drug labels of all three drugs, while malaise and asthenia were the same unexpected significant signals. This study offers evidence of the variability in the onset time characteristics of AEs associated with TTR inhibitors, as well as evidence of differences in adverse event reporting between medical professionals and non-medical professionals.ConclusionIn summary, we compared the similarities and differences in drug safety of three TTR inhibitors in the real world using the FAERS database. The results indicate that not only do these three drugs share common AEs, but they also exhibit differences in drug safety profiles. This study contributes to enhancing the understanding of medical professionals regarding the safety of TTR inhibitors.
Melatonin modulates neuroinflammatory response and microglial activation in mice exposed to dim blue light at night
Authors: Song Chao , Suo Zhaotaize , Wang Zixu , Cao Jing , Dong Yulan , Chen Yaoxing 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesDim light at night contributes to neurodegenerative diseases by causing neuroinflammation. In the central nervous system, the activation of microglia is a significant contributor to neuroinflammation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find an intervention to treat the neuroinflammatory response caused by dim light at night. Melatonin is a rhythmic hormone whose synthesis is suppressed during the day. In this study, we attempt to explore whether and how melatonin improves hippocampal neuroinflammation in mice exposed to dim blue light at night.Materials and MethodsIn vivo, a total of 36 male C57BL6/J mice that exposed to no light at night, dim blue light at night, and dim blue light at night with melatonin treatment. In vitro, the corticosterone-induced BV2 cells with or without melatonin treatment were used.ResultsBoth in vivo and in vitro experiments showed melatonin treatment significantly reduced dim blue light -induced hippocampal microglial activation and the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α. This improved effect of melatonin is related to its receptor MT2 rather than MT1. The MT2 blockers significantly increased mRNA levels of M1-type activation marker CD86 and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in melatonin-treated BV2 cells. Binding of melatonin to its receptor MT2 downregulated the expression of inflammatory proteins P-P65 and NLRP3, consequently inhibited the CD80 expression and M1-type activation in microglia. Furthermore, consistent with the decrease in microglial activation and inflammatory response after melatonin treatment, we also observed a reduction in hippocampal neuron loss and damage to the HT22 cells.ConclusionOur findings suggested that melatonin may regulate microglial polarization through MT2/NF-kB-NLRP3 pathway and improves dim blue light -induced hippocampal neuroinflammation in mice.
Efficacy and acceptability of anti-inflammatory agents in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Yue , Dou Yikai , Wang Min , Wang Yu , Yan Yushun , Fan Huanhuan , Fan Ningdan , Yang Xiao , Ma Xiaohong 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundAnti-inflammatory agents have emerged as a potential new therapy for major depressive disorder (MDD). In this meta-analysis, our aim was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of anti-inflammatory agents and compare their efficacy.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Review, Cochrane Trial, and ClinicalTrials.gov, to identify eligible randomized clinical trials. The primary outcome measures of our meta-analysis were efficacy and acceptability, while the secondary outcome measures focused on remission rate and dropout rate due to adverse events. We used odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to present our results.ResultsA total of 48 studies were included in our analysis. In terms of efficacy, anti-inflammatory agents demonstrated a significant antidepressant effect compared to placebo (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.41–2.97, p = 0.0002). Subgroup analyses revealed that anti-inflammatory agents also exhibited significant antidepressant effects in the adjunctive therapy subgroup (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.39–3.37, p = 0.0006) and in MDD patients without treatment-resistant depression subgroup (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.53–3.54, p &lt; 0.0001). Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of network meta-analysis, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (SUCRA value = 81.6) demonstrated the highest acceptability among the included anti-inflammatory agents.ConclusionIn summary, our meta-analysis demonstrates that anti-inflammatory agents have significant antidepressant effects and are well-accepted. Furthermore, adjunctive therapy with anti-inflammatory agents proved effective in treating MDD. Among the evaluated anti-inflammatory agents, NSAIDs exhibited the highest acceptability, although its efficacy is comparable to placebo.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=422004), identifier CRD42023422004.
Self-perception of health and physical activity levels among the youth and adults before and amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nyawornota Vida Korleki , Adamba Clement , Tay Doris Akosua , Nyanyofio Oscar C. , Muomah Rosemary C. , Chukwuorji JohnBosco C. , Nwonyi Sampson K. , Malete Leapetswe , Joachim Dale , Ocansey Reginald T. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundEmerging research indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions led to decreased physical activity levels and poorer health globally. However, most studies on this topic have focused on advanced countries, leaving a gap in understanding the impact in countries like Ghana. This study aimed to fill this gap by assessing self-perceived health status and physical activity levels among youth and adults in Ghana before, during, and after the COVID-19 restrictions. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for informing public health interventions and policies to promote well-being during and beyond the pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional survey using online data collection methods was conducted, involving 937 participants. Data included demographic information, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Analysis was done using SPSS version 25, with descriptive statistics and multinomial regression.ResultsMost participants (89.6%) reported good health. Male participants were significantly more likely to engage in moderate (1.78 times) and high (3.17 times) physical activity during the COVID-19 period compared to females.ConclusionThis study highlights gender disparities in physical activity levels during the pandemic in Ghana. Addressing these disparities and promoting healthier lifestyles, especially during crises, is crucial for general and mental health. Further research should explore socio-demographic factors’ role in health behaviors during pandemics.
Identifying social determinants of health in populations exposed to structural inequities: a qualitative study of the COVID-19 pandemic experiences of Black and Latinx people living with HIV and cardiovascular risks
Authors: Loeb Tamra Burns , Albarran Graciela I. , Lee Ethan , McEwan Jenna Alarcon , Dyer Karen E. , Cooley-Strickland Michele , Norwood-Scott Enricka , Ramm Kate , Kesblyan David , Barnes Aleeja , Novacek Derek , Chin Dorothy 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionBlack and Latinx communities experience inequities in the social determinants of health (SDOH) and high rates of chronic illnesses [e.g., cardiovascular disease (CVD), HIV]. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified these long-standing SDOH disparities. However, scant attention has been paid to the pandemic-related experiences of populations exposed to structural inequities.MethodsUsing a semi-structured interview guide, 60 in-depth telephone interviews were conducted with Black and Latinx people living with HIV (PLWH) and CVD risks to assess: (1) perceived personal and community risk for COVID-19; (2) knowledge of and access to COVID-19 public health information; (3) barriers to COVID-19 public health recommendations and vaccine uptake; and (4) perceptions of HIV, CVD, and COVID-19. Interviews were professionally transcribed into either English or Spanish. Spanish transcripts were translated into English. Rapid qualitative analysis was used to summarize each transcript into a structured templaicte corresponding to interview guide domains. Summaries were combined into matrices for identification and comparison of themes across domains.ResultsParticipants reported risks for COVID-19 due to being immunocompromised and SDOH, including transportation, exposure to risks conferred by others, living in under-resourced neighborhoods, and housing insecurity. Participants engaged in protective countermeasures by adhering to public health mandates. Relationships with providers, participating in community support groups, and digital inclusion and literacy were salient with respect to dissemination of COVID-19 information and vaccine uptake. Experiences with managing a chronic illness facilitated vaccine acceptance. Participants described language barriers, experiences of discrimination, and a historical lack of trust in medical systems and vaccines.DiscussionThis study provides a real-time narrative from PLWH and CVD risks who were vulnerable during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications include the need for continuity with providers and established community networks, increasing internet access and digital health literacy, and addressing historical trauma incurred in medical settings. It is critical to understand the impact of traditional SDOH on those living with chronic illness as well as other social determinants that shed light on access to public health information, adherence to public health recommendations, and vaccine uptake among populations exposed to structural inequities.
Causal association between particulate matter 2.5 and Alzheimer’s disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Dang Meijuan , Li Ye , Zhao Lili , Li Tao , Lu Ziwei , Lu Jialiang , Feng Yuxuan , Yang Yang , Li Fangcun , Tang Fan , Wang Xiaoya , Jian Yating , Wang Heying , Zhang Lei , Fan Hong , Zhang Guilian 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundAlthough epidemiological evidence implies a link between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), establishing causality remains a complex endeavor. In the present study, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) as a robust analytical approach to explore the potential causal relationship between PM exposure and AD risk. We also explored the potential associations between PM exposure and other neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsDrawing on extensive genome-wide association studies related to PM exposure, we identified the instrumental variables linked to individual susceptibility to PM. Using summary statistics from five distinct neurodegenerative diseases, we conducted two-sample MR analyses to gauge the causal impact of PM on the risk of developing these diseases. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to evaluate the robustness of our findings. Additionally, we executed multivariable MR (MVMR) to validate the significant causal associations identified in the two-sample MR analyses, by adjusting for potential confounding risk factors.ResultsOur MR analysis identified a notable association between genetically predicted PM2.5 (PM with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) exposure and an elevated risk of AD (odds ratio, 2.160; 95% confidence interval, 1.481 to 3.149; p &lt; 0.001). A sensitivity analysis supported the robustness of the observed association, thus alleviating concerns related to pleiotropy. No discernible causal relationship was identified between PM and any other neurodegenerative diseases. MVMR analyses—adjusting for smoking, alcohol use, education, stroke, hearing loss, depression, and hypertension—confirmed a persistent causal relationship between PM2.5 and AD. Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger and weighted median analyses, also supported this causal association.ConclusionThe present MR study provides evidence to support a plausible causal connection between PM2.5 exposure and AD. The results emphasize the importance of contemplating air quality interventions as a public health strategy for reducing AD risk.
Development and validation of prediction model for fall accidents among chronic kidney disease in the community
Authors: Lin Pinli , Lin Guang , Wan Biyu , Zhong Jintao , Wang Mengya , Tang Fang , Wang Lingzhen , Ye Yuling , Peng Lu , Liu Xusheng , Deng Lili 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe population with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has significantly heightened risk of fall accidents. The aim of this study was to develop a validated risk prediction model for fall accidents among CKD in the community.MethodsParticipants with CKD from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. The study cohort underwent a random split into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 70 to 30%. Logistic regression and LASSO regression analyses were applied to screen variables for optimal predictors in the model. A predictive model was then constructed and visually represented in a nomogram. Subsequently, the predictive performance was assessed through ROC curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.ResultA total of 911 participants were included, and the prevalence of fall accidents was 30.0% (242/911). Fall down experience, BMI, mobility, dominant handgrip, and depression were chosen as predictor factors to formulate the predictive model, visually represented in a nomogram. The AUC value of the predictive model was 0.724 (95% CI 0.679–0.769). Calibration curves and DCA indicated that the model exhibited good predictive performance.ConclusionIn this study, we constructed a predictive model to assess the risk of falls among individuals with CKD in the community, demonstrating good predictive capability.
Factors associated with difficulty in hospital acceptance during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Osaka Prefecture, Japan: a population-based study
Authors: Katayama Yusuke , Tanaka Kenta , Nakao Shunichiro , Tachino Jotaro , Hirose Tomoya , Dohmi Hisaya , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Oda Jun , Matsuoka Tetsuya 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundIn many countries, emergency medical systems were responsible for initial treatment of patients with COVID-19. Generally, acceptance by medical institutions may not be sufficient, and it may take much time to determine the medical institution to which to transport the patient. This problem is termed “difficulty in hospital acceptance (DIH),” and it is used as a key performance indicator in the assessment of the EMS in Japan. The purpose of this study was to reveal the factors associated with the DIH during the COVID-19 pandemic using dataset in the ORION (Osaka emergency information Research Intelligent Operation Network system).MethodsThis was a retrospective descriptive study with a 3-year study period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. We included patients who were recorded in the ORION system during the study period. The primary endpoint was defined as DIH. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess factors associated with DIH during the COVID-19 pandemic and calculated their adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI).Results1,078,850 patients included in this study. Of them, 41,140 patients (3.8%) experienced DIH and 1,037,710 patients (96.2%) did not experience DIH. The median age was 71 years (IQR: 45–82), and 543,760 patients (50.4%) were male. In this study, SpO2, body temperature, and epidemic period of COVID-19 were associated with difficulty in hospital acceptance. The highest AOR of SpO2 was 80% or less (AOR: 1.636, [95% CI: 1.532–1.748]), followed by 81–85% (AOR: 1.584, [95% CI: 1.459–1.721]). The highest AOR of body temperature was 38.0–38.9°C (AOR: 1.969 [95% CI: 1.897–2.043]), followed by 39°C or higher (AOR: 1.912 [95% CI: 1.829–1.998]). The highest AOR of epidemic period of COVID-19 was the 4th wave (AOR: 2.134, [95% CI: 2.065–2.205]), followed by the 3rd wave (AOR: 1.842, [95% CI: 1.785–1.901]).ConclusionIn this study, we revealed factors associated with the DIH during the COVID-19 pandemic. As various factors are involved in the spread of an unknown infectious disease, it is necessary not only to plan in advance but also to take appropriate measures according to the situation in order to smoothly accept emergency patients.