bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_257A: Effect of quality of sleep on anxiety and cognitive functions in medical students
Authors: Darshan B B , Chawla Sanchita , Stephen Jacob , Chandila Rupesh , Jose Joyel 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In human life, periods of activity and rest alternate. To survive, human beings need to work and every day properly we need sleep. The quality of sleep strongly influences psychological and physical health and other measures of well-being.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional study done in Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore among 300 medical undergraduate students using a questionnaire that consisted of general participant information and PSQI to assess the quality of sleep, GAD-7 scale to assess the level of anxiety, need for cognition scale. The results were expressed in the form of tables and graphs using SPSS V 25.0. The association between quality of sleep and anxiety was analyzed by using the Chi-square test and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Out of the total 300 students, 106(35.5%) of the students had good quality sleep,112(37.3%) of them had minimal anxiety, 92(30.7%) had mild anxiety,57(19%) had severe anxiety and 39(13%) had moderate anxiety. It was seen that there is an increased number of students with mild, moderate, and severe anxiety among poor-quality sleepers than those with good-quality sleep.

Conclusion:
Most of the medical undergraduate students have poor- quality sleep. Students with poor-quality sleep have increased anxiety levels compared to those with good-quality sleep. The cognitive function in students with poor quality of sleep is found to be higher than those with good-quality sleep.
IJCM_261A: Reaching the unreachable: An outreach based approach of IGMC Shimla to organise Ayushmann Health Melas/ Camps at Secondary level facilities in 03 districts of Shimla, Solan and Bilaspur in vicinity of the college
Authors: Sharma Archit , Sachdeva Amit 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Soul of India lives in its villages with >65% population living in rural settings. Saturation of all services especially Health services is at core of “leave no one behind” in line with principle of ‘Antyodaya’ reaching out at all. To build momentum with Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana Ayushman Health Camps were organised by IGMC Shimla at secondary level facilities under flagship campaign Ayushman Bhavah

Objective:
Evaluation of health care services delivered by IGMC Shimla in Ayushmann Health Melas at secondary level facilities of 03 districts of Himachal Pradesh.

Methodology:
Ayushman Melas organised by IGMC Shimla at secondary level facilities from September 2023 to December 2023 in 03 districts Shimla (25); Solan (12) and Bilaspur (13) for providing clinical services to beneficiaries. Real time portal based reporting and analysis of same alongwith specialitywise footfallbifurcation is core.

Results:
As per Real time-based portal report analysis a footfall of 10379 registered out of which 9055 (87.24%) availed specialists services and 1324(12.74%) general physician services. A net of 2672 (29.5%) beneficiaries availed internal medicine specialist services, 458 (5.05%) surgical, 1619 (17.87%) orthopaedics, 772 (8.52%) obstetrics and gynaecology, 1460 (16.12%) Opthalmology, 698 (7.7%) Otorhinolaryngology, 152 (1.67%) psychiatry, 493 (5.44%) dermatology and 731 (8.07%) paediatric services respectively. 1012(9.75%) new diagnosed Hypertensives and 945 (9.10%) new diagnosed Diabetics, 1492 14.37%) beneficiaries screened for Oral Cancers, 804 (7.75%) for breast cancers and 468 (4.5%) for cervical Cancers. 299 (2.88%) new diagnosed cataract cases. 10379 beneficiaries were tested for 11102 tests (106.96%).

Conclusion:
Comprehensive health care service delivery by camps to unreachable for screening, diagnosis, one stop multi-speciality consultancy, referral and digitalisation of health vitals.
IJCM_269A: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of artificial intelligence in medical field among Undergraduate and Postgraduate medical students in Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional online survey.
Authors: Sreeram M. , Chitra A 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the health care has gained attention worldwide due to its potential to revolutionize health care delivery, improve diagnostics, and enhance patient outcomes. AI has the potential to address challenges in Indian health care sector like shortage of workforce by providing decision support, automating repetitive tasks, and improving diagnostic accuracy.

Objective:
To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of Artificial Intelligence in health care among Undergraduate and Postgraduate medical students in Tamil Nadu.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 200 undergraduate and postgraduate medical students over a period of 2 months (Sept to Oct 2023). Data collection was done using Google form which comprises of a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21.

Results:
Out of 200 participants, 94 (47%) were Undergraduates and 106 (53%) were Postgraduates. In total 123 (61.5%) had good knowledge, 190 (95%) had positive attitude and 61 (30.5%) had good practice towards Artificial Intelligence in healthcare. Postgraduates had better knowledge and practice than undergraduates

Conclusion:
A majority of the participants displayed good knowledge and positive attitude towards Artificial Intelligence in healthcare. Notably, postgraduates outperformed undergraduates, suggesting the need for tailored educational interventions. While AI training in the curriculum remains limited, the high willingness to engage with AI in the future underscores its potential for transformative impact in healthcare.
IJCM_274A: “Knowledge, attitude, practice regarding preventive measures; stigma and risk perception of covid 19 among the residents in the rural field practice area of a teaching hospital in Mangaluru”
Authors: Salim Saniya K. , Badiger Sanjeev , Sushantha  , Backerk Shazamaboo 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The success of battle against COVID 19 depends on public adherence towards infection control measures, which is greatly affected by their knowledge, attitude, and practices towards the COVID 19 pandemic.

Objectives:
Among the residents in the rural field practice area of a teaching hospital in Mangaluru:- 1) To assess knowledge, attitude, practice regarding preventive measures of COVID 19. 2) To assess stigma and risk perception of COVID 19.

Methodology:
A community based cross sectional study, by house-to-house visit was conducted among 323 participants residing in the rural field practice area of A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Mangaluru. Multistage sampling was adopted. Details regarding socio-demographic characteristics; knowledge, attitude, practice regarding preventive measures of COVID 19; risk perception and stigmatizing behavior was collected. Analysis was done using SPSS trial version 28.

Results:
61% of participants were male; 27% had primary education and 33.1% were unemployed. Mass media was the most common source of COVID 19 related information. The knowledge of preventive measures of COVID 19 was good in 97.5% of the participants. 98.1% had positive attitude towards the preventive measures of COVID 19. The practice of preventive measures of COVID 19 good in 63.5%. 87.6% had taken two dose of COVID 19 vaccine. Low risk perception was seen in 96% and 83.6% had low stigmatizing behavior towards COVID 19. Gender was significant predictor of attitude scores. Age, gender, educational status, occupation status, type of family was the significant predictor of practices scores.

Conclusion:
Majority of the participants had good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice of preventive measures of COVID 19. As a result of effective IEC effort by different authorities is reaching rural part of India, people are aware of the preventive measures, has positive attitude about it and are practicing them.
IJCM_275A: Implementation of WHO recommended 4-Symptom Screening Tool for tuberculosis in Northern India
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Arora Rajiv , Moudgil Tania , Soni Sandeep , Kapoor Kailash 
Published: April 2024

Background:
World Health Organization (WHO) suggests using symptom- based screening tools to improve early detection of tuberculosis (TB). The WHO recommended 4-symptom screening (W4SS) is one such tool. Although, found to be effective in screening TB among HIV patients, its implementation among general patients have not been well-studied.

Objectives:
To assess the predictive value of W4SS in TB screening among outpatients and inpatients in North India.

Methodology:
A prospective cohort study starting July 1, 2023 included patients in the outdoor or indoor of any department (except Chest TB). Patients were screened with W4SS (cough > 2 weeks, fever > 2 weeks, significant weight loss, night sweats). A presumptive TB case (presence of any one symptom), was further examined by the Chest TB consultant, completing the diagnostic algorithm as per National Tuberculosis Elimination Program guidelines for final diagnosis. Data were collected using a semi-structured study proforma and analysed using JAMOVI version 2.0, an open-source software for statistical analysis.

Results:
During 5 months of data collection, 8609 patients were screened for TB using the W4SS. Of these, 201 (2.3%) were W4SS positive, and of W4SS positive, 25 had confirmed diagnosis of TB. The positive predictive value of W4SS was 12.4% (95% confidence interval 10.9% to 14.1%). Among W4SS positive patients, being unmarried (p value < 0.05), uneducated (p value < 0.05), family history of TB (p value < 0.01), fever (p value < 0.01), significant weight loss (p value < 0.01) and night sweats (p value < 0.01) were significantly associated with final diagnosis of TB. Age, gender, employment and presence of cough were not significantly associated with confirmed diagnosis of TB among W4SS positive patients.

Conclusion:
W4SS in its present form has limited usability in screening general patients for TB. A multi-centric study is required to improve the scale.
IJCM_282A: Knowledge, attitude and practices towards food labelling and its use among health care students of Mangalore
Authors: Baig Adnan , Koippallil Jacob Sajan , Gautam Sreehari K.J. Pallavi , Sharath N , Majeed Farzana Abdul , Kumar Nithin , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Food labelling plays a crucial role in informing consumers about the nutritional content of prepackaged food items, aiding them in making informed choices for their diet and health. However, the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding food labelling among healthcare students, particularly medical and dental students, remain understudied. Understanding these aspects is essential given the increasing consumption of prepackaged foods, especially among the youth.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and dental students at Kasturba Medical College (KMC) and Manipal College of Dental Sciences (MCODS), Manipal University, Mangalore. A total of 191 undergraduate students participated in the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire covering aspects related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding food labeling and nutritional content. The questionnaire was administered after obtaining informed consent, and data were analyzed using SPSS v17.0.

Results:
The study found that the majority of students had moderate knowledge about food labelling and its nutritional applications. While most students reported reading food labels before purchasing prepackaged items, the most sought-after products were snacks like chips and aerated drinks. However, time constraints were cited as a significant hindrance to reading labels. Despite favourable attitudes towards food labelling, a low proportion of students reported changing their food preferences based on label information.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the study highlights the need for educational programs to enhance students’ knowledge about nutrition and food libelling. Additionally, there is a call for clearer and more informative libelling practices to empower consumers to make healthier food choices. Awareness programs targeting students can play a pivotal role in emphasizing the importance of food labels in promoting a balanced diet and overall well-being.
IJCM_283A: Clinico-demographic profile of patients attending anti retroviral therapy centre in a tertiary care hospital: a cross -sectional study
Authors: Hashmi Syed Sohaib , Abedi Ali Jafer , Mehnaz Aligarh Saira , Ansari M. Athar , Beg Mujahid , Zubair Mohd. Yasir 
Published: April 2024

Background:
HIV is a major global public health issue, having claimed 40.4 million lives so far globally. In India the estimated number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is 2.5 million (WHO, 2022). For planning targeted interventions, it is essential to know the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the HIV/AIDS patients in any particular area. Objectives: To study the socio-demographic and clinical profile of PLHIV attending anti-retroviral therapy (ART) centre of J.N. Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh (U.P.).

Methodology:
This is a cross sectional study and data was accessed from routine records at ART centre, JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh. Records of 370 PLHIV aged =18 years attending the antiretroviral clinic were studied and analyzed. Socio-demographic characteristics, risk behaviours and laboratory investigations were studied. Anemia was defined according to WHO criteria. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Mean age of the patients was 33.6 + 10.1 years and 60.8% of them were males. Majority of the patients belonged to rural areas (60.5%). Sexual route was the most common (69.5%) mode of transmission; among which heterosexual route was the commonest (96.1%). CD4 count was found to be less than 200 cells/mm3 in 22.2% of patients. Anemia was present in 67.3% of patients, among which moderate anemia was commonest (50.2%). Prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in females (83.4%) than males (56.9%) (p<0.001) and in rural population (71.9%) than urban population (60.3%) (p=0.02).

Conclusion:
Majority of patients were males and belonged to rural areas. Commonest mode of transmission was sexual route. Thus, IEC activities should be targeted to these particular groups and knowledge regarding safe sexual practices should be given particularly in rural areas. Prevalence of anemia is very high in PLHIV. Targeted interventions aiming to prevent anemia in PLHIV should be strengthened.
IJCM_295A: Long term infested rabies – A case report
Authors: Shetty Pavanchand H 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Rabies a zoonotic viral infection continues to be major public health problem majorly in parts of Africa and India. Rabies in majority of cases is fatal and the incubation period is between 20 and 90 days. The patient even if he survives had poor functional outcomes. The strategies adopted by the government and health administrators even though in place may not be enough to prevent the disease as we keep getting cases of rabies.

Case Report:
The case is of a 31-year-old male with a history of dog bite injury 1 year back. However, the patient was asymptomatic for the following year. The patient had no history of treatment and vaccination. Symptoms started a year later with the patient complaining of lower limb stiffness and developing hydrophobia. The patient succumbed after 10 days of treatment at hospital.

Discussion:
Rabies is virtually 100 percent fatal and without critical care they die within 2 to 3 days of admission. There are rare cases of survival from rabies which are miniscule. People who are vaccinated may develop high concentration of neutralizing antibodies to suppress the disease. Currently there are no antiviral for treatment of rabies and vaccination is the only known preventive method. In the normal circumstances incubation period is within 3 months. But the possibility of late presentations should be kept in mind as evidenced in this case where the patient developed the disease after 1 year. This is a rare occurrence and would not have been suspected if not for the history of dog-bite and confirmatory findings on autopsy.
IJCM_3A: Child Sex Ratio – Declining trend and it’s determinants: a qualitative community- based study in a selected urban primary care setting, Puducherry.
Authors: Bindhya K , Jalyalakshmy  , Mahadevan D 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Child sex ratio (CSR) is defined as the number of females consistent with thousand males in the age group of zero to six years. This serves as a valuable indicator for measuring socio-economic development in a particular region.

Objective:
To understand community perspectives on gender preference at birth and its potential influence on the decreasing Child Sex Ratio in a selected urban primary care setting in Puducherry, aiming to identify key determinants contributing to the observed declining trend.

Methodology:
A qualitative study was conducted among residents of the 4 wards under the care of JIPMER Urban Health Centre, Puducherry. Participants were purposively selected among mothers, family members attending well baby clinic at the centre and frontline health workers. Two FGDs involving 8-10 participants were conducted till saturation of information is achieved. Collected data was transcribed in verbatim format. Descriptive manual content analysis was conducted to draw the categories and themes.

Results:
The qualitative study on Child Sex Ratio revealed that there is a prevailing inclination towards expecting female children. Moreover, the study found no evidence of gender selection practices at present. Participants mentioned awareness of schemes such as “CM Cares for the empowerment of newborn girl child” as contributing factors to these attitudes and behaviors. Gender revealment is found inadvertently in government and private hospitals in the studied population.

Conclusion:
The study region exhibits a declining CSR, and there is no evidence of gender selection practices at present in the selected region. While improving female literacy and economic standing is essential, it alone is insufficient for enhancing the overall life prospects of female children.
IJCM_30A: A mixed methods study to assess the contributory factors to anaemia among adolescent girls studying in tribal schools in a rural area of Maharashtra
Authors: Shinde Shwetangi , Sadawarte Deepika , Shet Neha , Singh Vijaykumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Anaemia is prevalent globally, notably in marginalized adolescent girls. NFHS-5 reports 59.1% anaemia in Indian adolescent girls. Tribal communities face unique health challenges due to their sociocultural dynamics. The national program for anaemia addresses this, but its implementation in contexts like tribal areas is unexplored. This study integrates quantitative and qualitative data for a thorough understanding of anaemia and its control in tribal settings.

Objectives:
1. To estimate the prevalence of anaemia in tribal adolescent girls 2. To explore the awareness of anaemia in tribal adolescent girls 3. To understand the challenges in the implementation of an anaemia control program in a tribal setting

Methodology:
This 6-month mixed methods study assessed anaemia prevalence among adolescent girls in tribal schools. Using complete enumeration, a 200-sample size was determined, with obtained informed consent and assent. Adolescent girls were administered a questionnaire in their local language to collect information on their socio-demographic status and anaemia-related habits like diet and handwashing among others. Haemoglobin levels were measured using a digital haemoglobinometer. Focus Group Discussions with willing girls explored their understanding of anaemia, its causes and complications. Forced field analysis for ASHA and Anganwadi workers and certain Key Informant Interviews were conducted. Data was collected until saturation. Ethical approval with confidentiality was ensured.

Results:
The prevalence of anaemia was 70%, indicating a severe public health concern. Among these, 57.1% had mild, 34.3% had moderate, and 8.6% had severe anaemia. Anaemia in girls was statistically associated with specific food groups and habits. Low awareness of anaemia and operational issues in the control program were also identified.

Conclusion:
To enhance adolescent awareness of anaemia, efforts to improve their understanding of the condition and its impact are necessary. This research is vital for informing policymakers and health practitioners in refining interventions for this specific demographic in Maharashtra.
IJCM_305A: Forecasting Dengue and Chikungunya incidence using Time Series Analysis Modelling
Authors: Sandhiya V. , Konduru Rajesh Kumar , Manikandan  
Published: April 2024

Background:
In recent years, the rise in vector-borne diseases, particularly Dengue and Chikungunya, has posed a significant public health challenge globally. Epidemiological data from the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) is a useful resource for forecasting and early outbreak identification by applying effective models like Sessional Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models has proven effective in capturing temporal dependencies in various fields.

Objective:
To forecast the dengue and chikungunya cases in India using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models.

Methodology:
we preprocessing the IDSP dataset to extract relevant temporal patterns and trends. Subsequently, SARIMA models are applied to capture the time dependent dynamics of disease occurrences. The model’s performance is evaluated through rigorous validation processes, including cross-validation techniques, to ensure its reliability and generalizability.

Results:
This study considered a secondary data set of weekly dengue and chikungunya cases over the period of 2019 to 2023. The time plot shows several spikes in the data, indicating periods where the number of dengue cases increased significantly in the most recent years. Forecast of the future dengue and chikungunya cases was done for the next one year (2024). we observed that the number of dengue and chikungunya cases has fluctuated over time but has generally remained within a certain range. The forecast predicts a significant increase in cases as we move towards the latter half of 2024, with a very sharp spike towards the end of the forecast period.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, utilizing a secondary dataset spanning from 2019 to 2023, this study employed time series analysis to forecast future Dengue and Chikungunya cases. The forecast predicts a significant increase in dengue cases during 2024 which can lead to potential implications for public health practitioners, policymakers, and researchers involved in infectious disease management.