bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APLIKASI POC KOTORAN KAMBING DAN PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL JAGUNG DI TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Ardianto M. Rafi , Surachman Surachman , Budi Setia 
Published: May 2024

Jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) ialah salah satu serealia yang memiliki nilai komersil tinggi dan memiliki waktu panen lebih singkat, sehingga sangat menguntungkan untuk dibudidayakan. Tanaman jagung manis menghendaki tanah yang bersolum tebal, subur, gembur, dan banyak mengandung humus serta kandungan unsur hara yang cukupuntuk pertumbuhan dan hasil yang optimal. Penggunaan tanah gambut sebagai media tumbuh untuk tanaman jagung manis memiliki beberapa kendala diantaranya pH tanah rendah, porositas tanah yang tinggi, ketersediaan unsur hara relatif rendah dan proses dekomposisibahan organik yang berjalan lambat. Penggunaan POC kotoran kambing dan PGPR diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sifat kimia dan biologi tanah gambut. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada lahan tanah gambut di Perumahan Fajar Asri, Jl. Desa Kapur, Sungai Raya, Kabupaten Kubu Raya, Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan dari tanggal 1 Meihingga 30 Juli 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan pola Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dengan 3 taraf perlakuan. Faktor pertama konsentrasi POC kotoran kambing yaitu k1 = 40 ml/l, k2 = 50 ml/l, k3 = 60 ml/l. Faktor kedua konsentrasi PGPR yaitu p1 = 5 ml/l, p2 = 7,5 ml/l, p3 = 15 ml/l. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitianini terdiri atas tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, volume akar, bobot tongkol berkelobot dan bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian POC kotoran kambing berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan panjang daun dan terjadinya interasi pada tinggi tanaman 2 MST. Pemberian PGPR berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap semua variabel, namun memberikan interaksi pada variabel volume akar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian POC kotoran kambing konsentrasi 40 ml/l dan PGPR 5 ml/l merupakan konsentrasi efektif yang dapat digunakan dalam budidaya jagung pada tanah gambut. Kata Kunci: gambut, hasil, jagung, PGPR, POC
PENGARUH ABU SEKAM PADI DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BUNCIS PADA TANAH ALUVIAL
Authors: Haithami Ibnu , Anggorowati Dini , Surachman Surachman 
Published: May 2024

Tanaman buncis (Phaseolus vulgris L.) merupakan tanaman sayuran polong, masuk dalam kelompok kacang-kacangan yang hasilnya dapat dipanen dalam bentuk polong muda dan polong tua. Peningkatan produksi tanaman buncis dapat dilakukan dengan cara ekstensifikasi pertanian melalui pemanfaatan tanah aluvial. salah satu upaya memperbaiki kondisi tanah pada aluvial adalah dengan pemberian bahan organik seperti abu sekam padi dan pupuk NPK yang diberikan diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah aluvial serta dapat meningkatkan ketersedian nutrisi yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan melihat interaksi dosis abu sekam padi dan pupuk NPK yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil buncis yang terbaik pada tanah aluvial. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 2 bulan yang dimulai pada 10 september 2023 – 11 November 2023 yang berlokasi di Gg. Matematika, Jl. Reformasi, Kec. Pontianak Tenggara, Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial terdiri dari 3 taraf penggunaan abu sekam padi dan 3 taraf penggunaan pupuk NPK dengan masing-masing 3 ulangan setiap unit percobaan diambil 4 sampel tanaman sehingga jumlah keseluruhan 108 tanaman. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu Faktor pertama abu sekam padi (A) : a1 = 14,88 ton/ha setara dengan 93 g/polybag, a2 = 28,48 ton/ha setara dengan 178 g/polybag, a3 = 42,08 ton/ha setara dengan 263 g/polybag. Faktor kedua yaitu pupuk NPK (N) : n1 = 150 kg/ha setara dengan 1 g/polybag n2 = 250 kg/ha setara dengan 1,5 g/polybag n3 = 350 kg/ha setara dengan 2 g/polybag. variabel pengamatan meliputi umur bunga, volume akar, berat kering tanaman, jumlah polong per tanaman, berat polong segar per tanaman, berat polong per buah, panjang polong per tanaman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa pemberian dosis perlakuan terendah yaitu abu sekam padi 14,88 ton/ha dan pupuk NPK 150 kg/ha sudah dapat memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman yang sama dengan dosis perlakuan lain.Kata Kunci: Abu Sekam Padi, Buncis, NPK, Tanah aluvial.
PENGARUH PUPUK HAYATI DAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TOMAT DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT SISTEM BUDIDAYA JENUH AIR
Authors: Sona Liliana , Nurjani Nurjani , Maulidi Maulidi 
Published: May 2024

Tomat (Lycopersium esculentum Mill.) merupakan produk hortikultura yang banyak digemari oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis terbaik dari pupuk hayati dan pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tomat di lahan pasang surut sistem budidaya jenuh air. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan Golden River Camp, Desa Kalimas, Kecamatan Sungai Kakap, Kabupaten Kubu Raya, berlangsung pada bulan Mei hingga Juli 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama yaitu pupuk hayati terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan 5, 10 dan 15 ml/L air dan faktor kedua adalah pupuk kandang ayam dengan 3 taraf perlakuan 10, 20 dan 30 ton/ha dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk hayati berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel berat kering tanaman dan berat buah per tanaman. Serta berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap variabel tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, volume akar, luas daun, jumlah buah per tanaman dan berat per buah. Pemberian pupuk kandang ayam berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap semua variabel penelitian dan interaksi antara pupuk hayati dan pupuk kandang ayam berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat kering tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk hayati konsentrasi 15 ml/L air dan pupuk kandang ayam dosis 10 ton/ha merupakan dosis interaksi terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat di lahan pasang surut sistem budidaya jenuh air sedangkan pemberian pupuk hayati konsentrasi 5 ml/L air merupakan dosis terbaik terhadap hasil tanaman tomat di lahan pasang surut sistem budidaya jenuh air.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN NPK DAN PGPR AKAR PUTRI MALU TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG HIJAU PADA TANAH PODSOLIK MERAH KUNING
Authors: Ismail Aji Sarif , Maulidi Maulidi , Warganda Warganda 
Published: May 2024

Tanaman kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman Leguminosae yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Kendala pemanfaatan tanah PMK sebagai media tanam kacang hijau dihadapkan pada masalah sifat kimia yang kurang baik. Sifat kimia yang kurang baik adalah rendahnya kandungan unsur hara. Upaya untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah PMK dapat yaitu pemberian pupuk NPK, karena mengandung lebih dari 1 unsur hara makro primer yang dibutuhkan tanaman dalam jumlah besar sehingga pemupukan menjadi efisien. Namun, penggunaan pupuk kimia harus diimbangi dengan penggunaan pupuk ramah lingkungan yaitu pupuk hayati PGPR akar putri malu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pengaruh dari NPK terhadap beberapa konsentrasi PGPR dan mendapatkan interaksi NPK dan PGPR akar putri malu pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang hijau pada tanah podsolik merah kuning. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan yang berlokasi di Jl. Sepakat 2, Gg. Racana Untan. Penelitian ini berlangsung mulai dari tanggal 20 Juli hingga 13 Oktober 2023. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Petak Terpisah (Split Plot Design) RAL dengan 2 (dua) faktor. Faktor pertama konsentrasi PGPR akar putri malu (a) sebagai main plot yang terdiri 3 perlakuan, sedangkan faktor kedua yaitu dosis NPK (b) sebagai sub plot dengan 3 perlakuan. Setiap unit percobaan diulang sebanyak 3 kali dan tanaman perpetak sebanyak 4 tanaman sehingga jumlah tanaman berjumlah 108 tanaman. Faktor yang pertama yaitu konsentrasi PGPR sebagai main plot yang terdiri a1 = 15 ml/ℓ air, a2 = 20 ml/ℓ air, a3 = 25 ml/ℓ air. Faktor kedua yaitu dosis NPK sebagai sub plot yang terdiri b1 = 250 kg/ha, b2 = 375 kg/ha, b3 = 500 kg/ha. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini yaitu tinggi tanaman, volume akar, berat kering tanaman, jumlah seluruh polong (polong hampa dan bernas), jumlah polong bernas, berat kering biji, berat 100 biji. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dosis NPK 500 kg/ha memberikan pertumbuhan da hasil tanaman kacang hijau terhadap Tinggi Tanaman 2 MST, Berat Kering Tanaman, Volume akar, Berat Kering Biji dan Berat 100 Biji kacang hijau pada tanah PMK. Konsentrasi PGPRakar putri malu 25 ml/l dan dosis NPK 375 kg/ha merupakan interaksi yang terbaik terhadap Tinggi Tanaman kacang hijau umur 4 MST pada tanah PMK dengan peningkatan 29,8%.
A REPRESENTAÇÃO DA SUBJETIVIDADE FEMININA NO CONTO “THE PEACE OF UTRECHT”, DE ALICE MUNRO
Authors: Bazzoli Oíse de Oliveira Mattos 
Published: May 2024

Este artigo volta-se para a análise do conto. “The Peace of Utrecht”, presente na coletânea Dance of the Happy Shades (1968), visando demonstrar a construção da subjetividade feminina na ficção da escritora canadense Alice Munro, considerando-se a questão do patriarcado e a relação entre o elemento natural canadense (wilderness) e a perspectiva das mulheres. A análise terá como fundamentação teórica as considerações de Kehl (1998) sobre feminilidade, Howells (1998) sobre o caráter indiscutível do elemento sociocultural representado na literatura, entre outros teóricos.
Medical Malpractice Payment Reports of Physician Assistants/Associates Related to State Practice Laws and Regulations
Authors: DePalma Sondra M. , DePalma Michael , Kolhoff Sean , Smith Noël E. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Authorizing physician assistants/associates (PAs) to provide care to patients and removing restrictive laws and regulations without sacrificing patient safety is essential to meet the needs of patients and the US healthcare system. The aim of this observational study was to determine if states with permissive compared to restrictive PA scope of practice laws and regulations had higher instances of medical malpractice payment reports (MMPR), a proxy of patient harm.

Design:
This observational study examined 10 years (2010-2019) of medical malpractice payment reports data from the National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB) compared to the laws and regulations of states for the same period.

Results:
Negative binomial regressions indicated no statistically significant differences in MMPR rates between states with permissive versus restrictive PA practice laws and regulations. Five of six practice reforms decreased or had no significant effect on PA and physician MMPR occurrences. One reform was associated with a weak but statistically significant increased risk of MMPRs for PAs and a trend toward a decreased risk for physicians.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that removing restrictive laws and regulations to PA practice does not increase overall risks to patients or increase rates of malpractice within US healthcare.
कक्षा ९ र १० का नेपाली पाठ्यपुस्तकमा मानव अधिकार र सूचना, सञ्चार र प्रविधिको समावेशिता (Inclusivity of Human Rights, and Information, Communication and Technology in the Nepali Textbook of class 9 and 10)
Authors: राई Rai रामकुमार Ramkumar 
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख कक्षा ९ र १० का नेपाली पाठ्यपुस्तकमा मानव अधिकार र सूचना, सञ्चार र प्रविधि पक्षको समावेशिता अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ । माध्यमिक शिक्षा पाठ्यक्रम (कक्षा ९ र १०) २०७१ अनुरूप २०७३/७४ मा प्रकाशित एवम् माध्यमिक शिक्षाको राष्ट्रिय पाठ्यक्रम प्रारुप २०७६ अनुरूप तयार गरिएका कक्षा ९ र १० का नेपाली भाषाका पाठ्यपुस्तकमा समाविष्ट मानव अधिकार एवम् सूचना, सञ्चार र प्रविधि सम्बद्ध पाठलाई अध्ययनीय सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ । गुणात्मक ढाँचामा व्याख्या, वर्णनात्मक विधिबाट तयार पारिएको प्रस्तुत लेखमा आवश्यकतानुसार तुलनात्मकतालाई पनि आत्मसात् गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनले माध्यमिक शिक्षा पाठ्यक्रम २०७१ अनुरूप २०७३/७४ मा प्रकाशित पाठ्यपुस्तकमा मानव अधिकार र सूचना, सञ्चार र प्रविधि पक्षको समावेशिताका दृष्टिले निकै कमजोर रहेको तर राष्ट्रिय पाठ्यक्रम प्रारुप २०७६ अनुरूप तयार गरिएका कक्षा ९ र १० का पाठ्यपुस्तक मानव अधिकार र सूचना, सञ्चार र प्रविधिको समावेशिताको दृष्टिले निकै सन्तुलित रहेको निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
(This article focuses on the inclusivity in learning in the aspect of human rights and information, communication and technology in the Nepali textbook of class 9 and 10. The chapters related to human rights and information, communication and technology of Nepali textbook of class 9 and 10, published on 2073/74 as per the secondary curriculum (class 9 and 10) 2071 prepared according to the national curriculum format 2076’s secondary education, have been the study material of this article. Prepared through descriptive method, narrated in qualitative pattern, this article embraces comparability too as per need. This study comes up with the conclusion that the textbook of class 9 and 10 published in 2073/74 as per secondary education curriculum 2071 is weak from the inclusivity perspective of human rights and information, communication and technology, however, textbook of class 9 and 10 prepared as per national curriculum format is remarkably balanced from the inclusivity perspective of human rights and information, communication and technology.)
Komunikasi Interpersonal sebagai Inti Pelayanan Prima: Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Puskesmas Ciderum
Authors: Setiawan Koesworo , Muafik Rahmat Agung 
Published: May 2024

This study examined the effect of interpersonal communication in service excellence by officers at the Ciderum Health Center, Bogor Regency on patient (customer) satisfaction. The study used a survey method with data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used the Weight Mean Score formula. The sample was taken randomly with the Slovin Formula of 10% error rate, with a total sample of 100 people. Measurement using the Likert Scale then data analysis using the Simple Linear Regression. Based on data analysis, the correlation value of tobserve (12.17) ˃ ttable (1.984). In this study, the correlation value (R) was 0.776, with a coefficient of determination (R2/R Square) of 0.602. Thus the influence of the variable Interpersonal Communication In Service Excellence (X) on the variable Customer Satisfaction (Y) by 60.2%. The remaining 39.8% was influenced by other variables. The analysis showed that the Ho hypothesis was rejected and Ha accepted. It is proven that Interpersonal Communication in Service Excellence by Ciderum Health Center has a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction.Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh komunikasi interpersonal dalam pelayanan prima oleh petugas di Puskesmas Ciderum, Kabupaten Bogor terhadap kepuasan pasien (pelanggan). Penelitian menggunakan metoda survey dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus WMS (Weight Mean Score). Sampel diambil secara acak dengan rumus solvin taraf kesalahan 10%, dengan total sampel 100 orang. Pengukuran menggunakan skala likert kemudian analisis data menggunakan Regresi Linear Sederhana. Berdasarkan analisis data nilai korelasi thitung (12.17) ˃ ttable (1.984). Dalam penelitian ini, nilai korelasi (R) sebesar 0.776, dengan koefisien determinasi (R2/R Square) sebesar 0,602. Dengan demikian pengaruh variabel Komunikasi Interpersonal Dalam Pelayanan Prima (X) terhadap variabel Kepuasan Pelanggan (Y) sebesar 60,2%. Sisanya 39,8% dipengaruhi variabel lain. Analisis menunjukkan thitung (12,17) ˃ ttable (1.984), sehingga hipotesis Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Terbukti Komunikasi Interpersonal Dalam Pelayanan Prima oleh Puskesmas Ciderum berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan.
Effect of Elementally Blended Ni-Ti and Pre-alloyed Nitinol Powders on Solidification Behaviour during Laser Bed Powder Fusion (L-PBF)
Authors: Bourke Declan , Selvam Karthikeyan , Obeidi Muhannad Ahmed , Ahad Inam Ul , Brabazon Dermot 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Most research to date in the field of L-PBF of nitinol has been with near equiatomic nickel-titanium binary pre-alloyed powders. Significant understanding over the last 10 years has been gained in relation to aspects such as microstructural evolution, control of elemental composition, phase transformation behaviour, control of defects and mechanical properties. Challenges with the use of pre-alloyed nitinol powders include expense and time constraints in producing new blends. Elemental blending with in-situ alloying of nickel, titanium and other constituents at the point of additive manufacture offers the opportunity to significantly accelerate the pace of research of nitinol material and part geometry design. Other potential advantages of elementally blended over pre-alloyed powders include reduced process costs, energy savings, and improved control over final part macroscopic properties as well as local microscopic composition and properties. The relationship between elemental and pre-alloyed powder characteristics, the nitinol L-PBF process parameters and the resulting melt homogeneity has not previously been examined. This paper addresses this gap by examining, for in-situ alloyed nitinol, the relationship between laser power, scanning speed, powder properties and the resulting solidification track characteristics, and comparing results to those from pre-alloyed powder.
Processing Considerations of Nitinol Powders for LPBF
Authors: Coda Alberto , Lemke Jannis Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the advancing progress in AM, there is a growing emphasis on powder manufacturing for reliable AM-built parts. Atomization technologies are well established for metal powder preparation, dominating the market for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). They allow producing powders from a variety of metallic materials with high purity, adequate particles size distribution and without satellites.
Estimation of Residual Stress in Additive-Manufactured NiTi Alloy through Beam Mechanics and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Rangaswamy Sampreet , Gillick Thomas , Monu Medad C.C. , Ahad Inam Ul , Brabazon Dermot 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Due to the unique characteristics of nitinol (NiTi) such as shape memory and super-elasticity, it is widely utilized in various industries, particularly in aerospace and biomedical applications. Additive manufacturing technology can provide the accurate dimensioning of NiTi components, even for those with intricate and complex geometries. However, the presence of residual stresses poses a significant concern from additive manufacturing. These residual stresses can adversely impact the structural integrity and performance of the manufactured parts, necessitating careful consideration and management. This study delves into a distinctive approach for predicting residual stresses within additive manufactured NiTi components, employing a simple, non-destructive, and cost-efficient method that integrates beam mechanics equations with finite element analysis (FEA). This work aimed to develop a rapid and accurate method for measuring the residual stress from additively manufactured nitinol beams which will be validated via established techniques such as hole-drilling, XRD and/or neutron diffraction.
Manufacturing of Complex NiTi Geometries with LPBF and Adapted Scanning Strategies
Authors: Herzig Sandra , Eckert Medardus , Müller Bernhard , Weisheit Linda , Thielsch Juliane , Drossel Welf-Guntram , Holtzhausen Stefan , Koch Peter , Schleyer Mario 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
NiTi shows a very promising combination of properties among different shape memory alloys. However, machining NiTi is a challenging task, making the manufacturing of complex geometries hard to nearly impossible using conventional manufacturing routes. As a result, the material’s full potential of the material has not been harnessed. The pseudoelastic properties of bulk NiTi are restricted to an 8 % strain. Additive manufacturing of NiTi using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been demonstrated as a successful alternative production route, capable of exhibiting pseudoelastic behavior even in the as-built state. Existing literature has shown that modifications of the processing parameters can change the properties of Ni-rich NiTi significantly, which can be utilized intentionally to control the pseudoelastic properties in LPBF-manufactured NiTi. The fabrication of porous and lattice structures using LPBF allows to attain specific properties. This is achieved not only through the adjustment of the laser parameters and scanning pattern but also by enabling the creation of specifically tailored feature sizes and geometrical designs, such as unit cell design, the number and distribution of unit cells, and gradation. These geometrical structures go beyond the conventional unit cell designs (like the bcc unit cell), and when combined with the unique material behavior, they can result in extraordinary properties. It is possible to create a programmable material whose behavior can follow a logical description. The influence of lattice structure geometry and manufacturing parameters on the mechanical and functional performance will be discussed in the following. In addition, we present a structure whose stiffness behavior follows an if-then-else statement regarding to the effective strain and permits an effective strain exceeding 20 % without failure. The structure can be implemented in a planar clamping element which allows an adjustment to different shapes because of the high and low stiffness in different strain ranges.
Investigating the Effect of Printing Process Parameters on the Shape Memory Effect of Nitinol Actuators
Authors: Murphy Josephine Ryan , Ahad Inam Ul , Brabazon Dermot 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nickel-titanium offers a promising alternative to traditional actuation devices due to its shape memory effect (SME) large strain recovery, and damping capability. Shape memory alloy actuators, thereby, offer a low-shock alternative to traditional pyrotechnic release devices used in spacecraft and satellites as well as energy-absorption components such as spacecraft landing systems. Additive manufacturing (AM) allows the production of complex geometries benefiting from their lightweight and compact nature. A prime example is lattice structures, with a geometrically defined porous structures featuring a repeating unit cell pattern or patterns in space. Beyond being lightweight, these structures offer high specific strength, excellent shock absorption, heat dissipation, and biocompatibility. By examining different process parameters, AM presents the possibility of tailoring nitinol’s properties while potentially removing the additional step of post-processing heat treatments conventionally required for shaping shape memory alloys. This approach has the potential to save time, cost, and energy.
Influence of the Flexible Interlayer on a 4D Printed Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composite
Authors: Kunzler Manuel , Kaiser Max , Gurka Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Active hybrid composites are gaining significance in various industrial and medical applications. These composites can include the integration of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires and fibre-reinforced plastics at material level and have the ability to undergo large deformations while activated. Typical applications are aerodynamic components such as car spoilers or wing profiles of an aircraft. Most applications often follow a partially integrated or modular shape memory alloy hybrid composite (SMAHC) design. In this paper, we pursue the approach of a fully integrated construction of an SMAHC. Therefore, we introduce two different designs of flexible interlayer of a 4D printed SMAHC by using the 3D stereolithography process. Achieving direct integration of SMA’s into plastic matrices requires the matrix material to possess adequate flexibility, as the SMA's thermal phase transformation process can accommodate elongation of up to 8%. Moreover, it is imperative to ensure that the process temperatures of the chosen manufacturing method remain below the austenite start temperature (As) to prevent inadvertent activation of the SMA during fabrication.