bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a sensor system for traffic data collection
Authors: Atluri Mahesh , Chowdhury Mashrur , Kanhere Neeraj , Fries Ryan , Sarasua Wayne , Ogle Jennifer 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlthough many types of traffic sensors are currently in use, all have some drawbacks, and widespread deployment of such sensor systems has been difficult due to high costs. Due to these deficiencies, there is a need to design and evaluate a low cost sensor system that measures both vehicle speed and counts. Fulfilling this need is the primary objective of this research. Compared to the many existing infrared‐based concepts that have been developed for traffic data collection, the proposed method uses a transmission‐based type of optical sensor rather than a reflection‐based type. Vehicles passing between sensors block transmission of the infrared signal, thus indicating the presence of a vehicle. Vehicle speeds are then determined using the known distance between multiple pairs of sensors. A prototype of the sensor system, which uses laser diode and photo detector pairs with the laser directly projected onto the photo detector, was first developed and tested in the laboratory. Subsequently this experimental prototype was implemented for field testing. The traffic flow data collected were compared to manually collected vehicle speed and traffic counts and a statistical analysis was done to evaluate the accuracy of the sensor system. The analysis found no significant difference between the data generated by the sensor system and the data collected manually at a 95% confidence interval. However, the testing scenarios were limited and so further analysis is necessary to determine the applicability in more congested urban areas. The proposed sensor system, with its simple technology and low cost, will be suitable for saturated deployment to form a densely distributed sensor network and can provide unique support for efficient traffic incident management. Additionally, because it may be quickly installed in the field without the need of elaborate fixtures, it may be deployed for use in temporary traffic management applications such as traffic management in road work zones or during special events.
Hierarchical evaluation scheme on technology sourcing for advanced public transport systems
Authors: Chung Ming‐Chih , Wei Chien‐Hung , Chen Chung‐Jen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAdvanced public transport system (APTS) technologies have received much attention from industry researchers in recent years for their evident importance to economic growth. The development of critical APTS technology, such as the contact‐less smart card (CSC), in newly industrialized areas receives its impetus from the experience of developed countries. The evaluation of technology sourcing with a higher growth potential in CSC technology has become a critical issue for Taiwanese firms. However, past research rarely emphasized it. This paper utilizes the grey statistical method with survey techniques and the analytic hierarchy process to develop an integrated evaluation model for solving the technology‐sourcing problem. An empirical case of the CSC technology sourcing in Taiwan was chosen to demonstrate the application of the proposed model on this issue. The research results suggest that the application of the model provides a sensible path for company policy makers to effectively cope with the technology‐sourcing evaluation problem.
Multiple criteria optimization method for the vehicle assignment problem in a bus transportation company
Authors: Zak Jacek , Jaszkiewicz Andrzej , Redmer Adam 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA vehicle assignment problem (VAP) in a road, long‐haul, passenger transportation company with heterogeneous fleet of buses is considered in the paper. The mathematical model of the VAP is formulated in terms of multiobjective, combinatorial optimization. It has a strategic, long‐term character and takes into account four criteria that represent interests of both passengers and the company's management. The decision consists in the definition of weekly operating frequency (number of rides per week) of buses on international routes between Polish and Western European cities. The VAP is solved in a step‐wise procedure. In the first step a sample of efficient (Pareto‐optimal) solutions is generated using an original metaheuristic method called Pareto Memetic Algorithm (PMA). In the second step this sample is reviewed and evaluated by the Decision Maker (DM). In this phase an interactive, multiple criteria analysis method with graphical facilities, called Light Beam Search (LBS), is applied. The method helps the DM to define his/her preferences, direct the search process and select the most satisfactory solution.
Multi‐criteria analysis for evaluating the impacts of intelligent speed adaptation
Authors: Agusdinata D. B. , van der Pas J. W. G. M. , Walker W. E. , Marchau V. A. W. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRoad safety is a policy priority due to the high casualties and costs associated with road accidents. Since speed is a major cause of road accidents, in‐vehicle speed limiters or Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA), seems a promising solution. ISA implementation, however, is hindered by large uncertainties, for example about the impacts of ISA, the way users might respond to ISA, and the relationship between speed and accidents. Traditional Multi‐Criteria Analysis (MCA) has limitations in handling these uncertainties. We present an MCA approach based on exploratory modeling, which uses computational experiments to explore the multiple outcomes of ISA policies (safety, emissions, throughput, and cost) across a range of future demand scenarios, functional relationships for performance criteria, and user responses to ISA. As an illustration, by testing the impacts of different ISA penetration levels on two driver groups, we show that when compliance with ISA is expected to be low, a policy aimed only at novice drivers outperforms other ISA policies on safety improvement.
A novel Method for the selective recovery and purification of γ‐polyglutamic acid from Bacillus licheniformis fermentation broth
Authors: Manocha Bhavik , Margaritis Argyrios 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMicrobially produced gamma‐polyglutamic acid (γ‐PGA) is a commercially important biopolymer with many applications in biopharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and waste‐water treatment industries. Owing to its increasing demand in various industries, production of γ‐PGA is well documented in the literature, however very few methods have been reported for its recovery.In this paper, we report a novel method for the selective recovery and purification of γ‐PGA from cell‐free fermentation broth of Bacillus licheniformis. The cell‐free fermentation broth was treated with divalent copper ions, resulting in the precipitation of γ‐PGA, which was collected as a pellet by centrifugation. The pellet was resolubilized and dialyzed against de‐ionized water to obtain the purified γ‐PGA biopolymer. The efficiency and selectivity of γ‐PGA recovery was compared with ethanol precipitation method. We found that 85% of the original γ‐PGA content in the broth was recovered by copper sulfate‐induced precipitation, compared to 82% recovery by ethanol precipitation method. Since ethanol is a commonly used solvent for protein precipitation, the purity of γ‐PGA precipitate was analyzed by measuring proteins that co‐precipitated with γ‐PGA. Of the total proteins present in the broth, 48% proteins were found to be co‐precipitated with γ‐PGA by ethanol precipitation, whereas in copper sulfate‐induced precipitation, only 3% of proteins were detected in the final purified γ‐PGA, suggesting that copper sulfate‐induced precipitation offers better selectivity than ethanol precipitation method. Total metal content analysis of the purified γ‐PGA revealed the undetectable amount of copper ions, whereas other metal ions detected were in low concentration range. The purified γ‐PGA was characterized using infrared spectroscopy. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Development and optimization of a process for automated recovery of single cells identified by microengraving
Authors: Choi Jae Hyeok , Ogunniyi Adebola O. , Du Mindy , Du Minna , Kretschmann Marcel , Eberhardt Jens , Love J. Christopher 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMicrofabricated devices are useful tools for manipulating and interrogating large numbers of single cells in a rapid and cost‐effective manner, but connecting these systems to the existing platforms used in routine high‐throughput screening of libraries of cells remains challenging. Methods to sort individual cells of interest from custom microscale devices to standardized culture dishes in an efficient and automated manner without affecting the viability of the cells are critical. Combining a commercially available instrument for colony picking (CellCelector, AVISO GmbH) and a customized software module, we have established an optimized process for the automated retrieval of individual antibody‐producing cells, secreting desirable antibodies, from dense arrays of subnanoliter containers. The selection of cells for retrieval is guided by data obtained from a high‐throughput, single‐cell screening method called microengraving. Using this system, 100 clones from a mixed population of two cell lines secreting different antibodies (12CA5 and HYB099‐01) were sorted with 100% accuracy (50 clones of each) in ∼2 h, and the cells retained viability. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Pure component spectral recovery and constrained matrix factorizations: concepts and applications
Authors: Neymeyr Klaus , Sawall Mathias , Hess Dieter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe present new ideas underlying a self‐modelling factor analytical method which allows to extract pure component spectra and the associated concentration profiles from a set of spectroscopic measurements. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated and compared with established tools for model problems and for a system from catalytic hydroformylation by Rhodium complexes both with overlapping component spectra. Self‐modelling methods tend to minimize the overlap of the recovered spectra, which can result in an unwanted distortion of the spectra and concentration profiles. For strongly overlapping spectra a penalty condition on a specific singular value of the absorptivity matrix factor and a global decomposition approach are appropriate tools to construct improved factorizations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Implications of Thrombocytopenia Among Patients Undergoing Intra‐aortic Balloon Pump Counterpulsation in the Coronary Care Unit
Authors: Roy Sion K. , Howard Edward W. , Panza Julio A. , Cooper Howard A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundThrombocytopenia Hypothesis: intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP)‐associated thrombocytopenia is not associated with an increased risk of major bleeding or in‐hospital death. Thrombocytopenia is a common adverse effect of the IABP. However, the clinical implications of IABP‐associated thrombocytopenia are unknown.MethodsWe assessed the incidence and predictors of thrombocytopenia, and the association between thrombocytopenia and relevant clinical end points, using prospectively collected data on 252 consecutive patients undergoing IABP in a single coronary care unit (CCU).ResultsAnticoagulation with intravenous heparin was administered to 182 patients (72%). Baseline platelet counts were 232 000 ± 96 000 mL, decreased to 154 000 ± 74 000 mL at day 3, and recovered to baseline by day 8. Thrombocytopenia (nadir < 150 000 mL or > 50% reduction from baseline) occurred in 109 patients (43%), with a similar incidence among patients who received heparin and those who did not (45% vs 40%, P = 0.5). Independent predictors of thrombocytopenia were lower body weight, cardiogenic shock, and duration of IABP support. The incidence of both major bleeding and in‐hospital death were higher among patients who developed thrombocytopenia than among those who did not (13.8% vs 4.2%, P = 0.01 and 28% vs 16%, P = 0.02, respectively). However, after controlling for confounding variables, thrombocytopenia was not an independent predictor of either major bleeding (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8–6.4, P = 0.1) or in‐hospital death (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 0.8–2.9, P = 0.3).ConclusionsAmong patients undergoing IABP in the CCU, thrombocytopenia is generally mild, appears to be unrelated to concomitant heparin use, and is not associated with an increased risk of major bleeding or in‐hospital death. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dyslipidemia in the Elderly: Should it Be Treated?
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Madhan , Rough Steven J. , Alpert Joseph S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractElderly or older adults constitute a rapidly growing segment of the United States population, thus resulting in an increase in morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular disease—an increase that is reaching epidemic proportions. Dyslipidemia is a well established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is estimated to account for more than half of the global cases of coronary artery disease. Despite the increased prevalence of dyslipidemia in the older adult population, controversy persists regarding the benefits of treatment in this group. Epidemiologic studies have shown that dyslipidemia is often underdiagnosed and under treated in this population probably as a result of a paucity of evidence regarding the impact of treatment in delaying the progression of atherosclerotic disease, concerns involving increased likelihood of adverse events or drug interactions, or doubts regarding the cost effectiveness of lipid‐lowering therapy in older adults. In conclusion, despite the proven efficacy of lipid‐lowering therapy in decreasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, these therapies have been underutilized in older patients. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pro‐oxidant Properties of AZT and other Thymidine Analogues in Macrophages: Implication of the Azido Moiety in Oxidative Stress
Authors: Amatore Christian , Arbault Stéphane , Jaouen Gérard , Koh Alaric C. W. , Leong Weng Kee , Top Siden , Valleron Marie‐Alice , Woo Chang Hong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractZidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT) was the first drug approved for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment. Unfortunately, AZT is known to lead to severe side effects, many of which are generally thought to result from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this work, the pro‐oxidative properties of AZT and other thymidine analogues were investigated electrochemically at microelectrodes. Macrophages pre‐incubated with AZT were found to release significant amounts of reactive species, including H2O2, ONOO−, NO. and NO2−. Interestingly, the total amounts of released species were the greatest when cells were incubated with azido‐containing analogues. The pro‐oxidative effect of these compounds decreased significantly when the free azide terminal group was modified by reaction with a triosmium cluster. As expected, thymidine incubation did not lead to any increase in overall ROS levels. This work implicates the azido moiety in AZT‐induced oxidative stress.
88‐Element solution to Schneiders' pyramid hex‐meshing problem
Authors: Yamakawa Soji , Shimada Kenji 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a solution to a hex‐meshing problem known as Schneiders' problem, which was introduced by Robert Schneiders in 1996. Consider a pyramid enclosed by a square and four equilateral triangles. The exterior of the pyramid can be subdivided into an all‐quadrilateral mesh by (1) inserting a node at the middle of each edge and at the center of each face and (2) connecting a node inserted at the center of the face with the nodes inserted on the edges of the face. The goal of Schneiders' problem is to find an all‐hex mesh that conforms to this quadrilateral mesh. The solution should consist of as few elements as possible, and as well‐shaped elements as possible. Since a solution to this problem could contribute to a fully automatic unstructured all‐hex mesh generation scheme, the problem has been studied for years. However, no practically usable solution has been found. The smallest known solution has been a hexahedral mesh consisting of 118 elements. This paper presents a new solution to the problem that consists of 88 elements. All elements included in the mesh are positive, and no two neighboring elements share more than one face. Although it is unknown whether 88‐element solution is the smallest possible solution, it is one step advance from the previously known 118‐element solution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic displacement functions for centrifugally stiffened tapered beams
Authors: Attarnejad Reza , Shahba Ahmad 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntroducing the concept of basic displacement functions (BDFs), free vibration analysis of rotating tapered beams is studied from a mechanical point of view. Holding pure structural/mechanical interpretations, BDFs are obtained by solving the governing static differential equation of flapwise motion of rotating Euler–Bernoulli beams and imposing appropriate boundary conditions. Following the principles of structural mechanics, it is shown that exact shape functions and consequently structural matrices could be derived in terms of BDFs. The new shape functions capture the effects of variation of both cross‐sectional area and moment of inertia along the element and the stiffening effect of centrifugal force. The method is employed to determine the natural frequencies of tapered rotating beams with different variations of cross‐sectional dimensions and the results are in good agreement with those in the literature. Finally, the effects of rotational speed and taper ratio on the natural frequencies are investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zebrafish cardiac enhancer trap lines: New tools for in vivo studies of cardiovascular development and disease
Authors: Poon Kar‐Lai , Liebling Michael , Kondrychyn Igor , Garcia‐Lecea Marta , Korzh Vladimir 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUsing the transposon‐mediated enhancer trap (ET), we generated 18 cardiac enhancer trap (CET) transgenic zebrafish lines. They exhibit EGFP expression in defined cell types—the endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium—or in anatomical regions of the heart—the atrium, ventricle, valves, or bulbus arteriosus. Most of these expression domains are maintained into adulthood. The genomic locations of the transposon insertions were determined by thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (TAIL‐PCR). The expression pattern of EGFP in some CETs is unique and recapitulates expression of genes flanking the transposon insertion site. The CETs enabled us to capture the dynamics of the embryonic heart beating in vivo using fast scanning confocal microscopy coupled with image reconstruction, producing three‐dimensional movies in time (4D) illustrating region‐specific features of heart contraction. This collection of CET lines represents a toolbox of markers for in vivo studies of heart development, physiology, and drug screening. Developmental Dynamics 239:914–926, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of ligand‐mediated inhibition in Notch signaling activity in Drosophila
Authors: Fiuza Ulla‐Maj , Klein Thomas , Martinez Arias Alfonso , Hayward Penelope 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe transmembrane proteins Delta and Serrate act as ligands for the signaling receptor Notch. In addition to this activating role, Delta and Serrate can also inhibit Notch signaling activity. This inhibitory effect is concentration‐dependent and appears to be evolutionarily conserved. In characterizing the underlying cellular mechanisms of the ligand inhibitory effect, we can confirm that ligand‐mediated inhibition of Notch signaling can occur as a cell autonomous process (cis‐inhibition) and that ligand‐mediated inhibition prevents a step in Notch signaling activation early enough to suppress Notch ectodomain shedding. Developmental Dynamics 239:798–805, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mesenchyme cells can function to induce epithelial cell proliferation in starfish embryos
Authors: Hamanaka Gen , Matsumoto Midori , Imoto Masaya , Kaneko Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHere, we show that mesenchyme cells have a novel morphogenetic function in epithelial cell proliferation in starfish embryos. Blastula embryos were injected with pure populations of mesenchyme cells and the total cell numbers in the treated embryos were subsequently determined at different developmental stages. When a total of 40–50 mesenchyme cells was injected, total cells numbers in mid‐gastrula embryos and 3‐day‐old bipinnaria larvae increased significantly (by 1.3‐fold) compared with controls, with no indication of any mitotic activity in the injected mesenchyme cells. However, injection of more than 150 mesenchyme cells failed to induce proliferation of the epithelial cells and, moreover, interfered with normal morphogenesis. These developmental abnormalities occurred concomitantly with a severe condensation of the fibrous component of the extracellular matrix. Our data suggest that epithelial cell proliferation is induced by an appropriate number of mesenchyme cells in concert with the fibrous component of the extracellular matrix. Developmental Dynamics 239:818–827, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Startle as an objective measure of distress related to teasing and body image
Authors: Spresser Carrie D. , Keune Kristen M. , Filion Diane L. , Lundgren Jennifer D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective:The startle reflex was used to assess negative emotion in response to body image cues in persons with and without body‐related teasing histories.Method:Fifty‐three female college students viewed photos of themselves both unaltered and morphed to look heavier and thinner. Participants with a teasing history were compared to participants without a teasing history on self‐report measures and the affect modulated startle paradigm when viewing the photos.Results:All participants, regardless of teasing history, self‐reported that the photo morphed to look heaviest was more unpleasant than the neutral photo. When assessed by the affect modulated startle paradigm, a significant teasing history by photo interaction was found between the neutral and morphed to look heaviest photos and the neutral and morphed to look smallest photo. Those with a teasing history had greater startle response to the morphed images in comparison to the neutral images than did those without a teasing history.Discussion:College‐aged women with weight‐related teasing histories may have negative emotional reactions to personally relevant body image cues, as measured by the startle reflex, even when they subjectively report no distress. Objective measures, such as the startle reflex should be considered when assessing emotional reactions to body image cues. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:58–64)