bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative management of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: A case report with favorable prognosis
Authors: Nakao Satoshi , Hirata Hirohito , Yoshihara Tomohito , Kobayashi Takaomi , Tsukamoto Masatsugu , Egashira Yoshiaki , Mawatari Masaaki , Morimoto Tadatsugu 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageSudden spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is relatively rare. Sudden pain from the neck to the back and subsequent extremity paralysis necessitate immediate head and cervical magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, keeping SSEH in mind. Although surgery is recommended for progressive paralysis, conservative treatment is indicated for mildly symptomatic cases.
Internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm after neck manipulation in a patient with Eagle syndrome
Authors: Sayed Ahmed Gamal , Aboloyoun Hesham , Makarem Yasmine Saad , Elnaggar Ashraf 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageContraindications of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) have been proposed, which mandate rigorous control for its safe practice when manipulating the upper spine. Here, we report a vascular complication of Neck Manipulation in Eagle syndrome (ES) patient.AbstractSMT is used to treat musculoskeletal conditions such as back pain and neck pain by applying force to the spinal joints. Here, we report a rare but devastating complication of SMT, where a young male patient, 22 years old, with ES, had a large pseudoaneurysm from the internal carotid artery (ICA) after SMT from an unlicensed practitioner, treated successfully with endograft. Clinicians administering SMT should consider an elongated styloid process as a potential contraindication to this therapy.
Mixed‐Potential‐Driven Catalysis in Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Yan Mo , Arsyad Rafiq , Putri Namari Nuning Anugrah , Suzuki Hiroaki , Takeyasu Kotaro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMixed‐potential‐driven catalysis, in which anodic and cathodic reactions are electrochemically short‐circuited, converts the Gibbs free energy difference into overpotentials that drive both half‐reactions without an external energy input. We developed a theoretical framework that suggests that the catalytic activities of individual catalyst components determine the distribution of the aforementioned driving forces. By short‐circuiting spatially separated electrodes made of Au/C with reduced‐graphene oxide, nitrogen‐doped reduced‐graphene oxide, caged nitrogen‐doped reduced‐graphene oxide, Pt/C, or Pd/C, we demonstrated this framework using glucose oxidation as a model, given its significance in generating high‐value products and its potential in fuel cell technology. A short‐circuit current was detected in the absence of external potentials, demonstrating electron transfer during glucose oxidation. Additionally, by correlating the mixed potential predicted from the polarization curves of each half‐reaction with the mixed potential measured in short‐circuit experiments under the same conditions, we confirmed that the kinetic activity of each catalyst component determines the mixed potential. This, in turn, affects the division of the driving force. Driving force partitioning is a potent tool for enhancing the overall rate of a reaction. Our findings may facilitate the design of not only glucose oxidation catalysts but also other heterogeneous catalysts based on mixed‐potential‐driven reaction mechanisms.
Plasma‐Engraved Lattice‐Matched NiO/NiFe2O4 Heterostructure with Ample Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Water Electrolysis and Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zeng Kai , Tao Hongwei , Zhaoshi Yijia , Feng Jiawen , Jiang Shuhao , Wu Yanfang , Yang Ruizhi , He Zhengyou , Li Yibing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous interface and defect engineering offer effective pathways to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction (OER) charge transfer kinetics and motivate optimal intrinsic catalytic activity. Herein, we report the lattice‐matched NiO/NiFe2O4 heterostructure with ample oxygen vacancies (Vo‐NiO/NiFe2O4) induced by a feasible hydrothermal followed by calcination and plasma‐engraving assistant technique, which shows the unique porous microflower arrangement of intertwined nanosheets. Benefitting from the synergetic effects between lattice‐matched heterointerface and oxygen vacancies induce the strong electronic coupling, optimized OH−/O2 diffusion pathway and ample active sites, thus‐prepared Vo‐NiO/NiFe2O4 presents a favorable OER performance with a low overpotential (261 mV @ 10 mA cm−2) and small Tafel slope (39.4 mV dec−1), even surpassing commercial RuO2 catalyst. Additionally, the two‐electrode configuration water electrolyzer and rechargeable zinc‐air battery assembled by Vo‐NiO/NiFe2O4 catalyst show the potential practical application directions. This work provides an innovative avenue for strengthening OER performance toward water electrolysis and Zn‐air batteries via the interface and vacancy engineering strategy.
Approaches to Recycling of Engine Air Filters
Authors: Wilke Christian , Kaas Alexandra , Peuker Urs 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly important to be able to recycle mass‐produced products such as engine air filters. Different processes were tested to investigate whether it is possible to recycle the composite material. Thereby, comminution with cutting stress is particularly suitable for disintegration. Next on, the filter medium could be separated very well with the help of a zig‐zag separator. The sorting of polyurethan foam and polypropylene hard plastic could be achieved with a dense media separation. It became clear that the pretreatment, which is intended to liberate the material, has a significant influence on the sorting result and the purity of the products.
Improvement of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Detection in Serum using Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles: Impact of Synthesis Parameters and Particle Size
Authors: Ferjaoui Zied , Liu Jianhua , Scherman Daniel , Mignet Nathalie , Richard Cyrille 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPersistent Luminescent Nanoparticles (PLNPs) emit prolonged light after excitation, allowing getting images with high signal‐to‐noise ratio, making them particularly beneficial for in vitro biodetection. In this study, we report the preparation of a library of gallium and zinc‐based Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles doped with chromium (ZnGa2O4:Cr3+) through two distinct syntheses conducted at 120 °C for 12 hours or 24 hours, followed by a calcination at 500 °C or 750 °C. Using centrifugation, and starting from polydisperse samples, we demonstrated the ability to achieve different sizes in a monodisperse manner. Furthermore, our research revealed that ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ (ZGO) nanoparticles react differently with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) based on their size, synthesis duration, and calcination temperature. We observed the most significant amplification of persistent luminescence for ZGO particles prepared at 120 °C for 12 hours and calcinated at 500 °C, with a size of approximately 100 nm, in the presence of 100 mM H2O2 (later named ZGO‐2). This study enabled the detection of H2O2 in serum without autofluorescence using the developed PLNPs, with a detection limit of up to 2.1 μM and a recovery rate of around 99 %. Additionally, we designed a glucose test for based on the responsiveness of ZGO PLNPs to H2O2. Using glucose oxidase, the glucose detection limit in serum was established around 0.13 μM, with a detection range between 0–5 μM. These findings could open new avenues to further control the size, synthesis, calcination temperature, and persistent luminescence of PLNPs, thus enhancing their utility in the development of new in vitro biosensors.
Simple Method to Assess Foam Structure and Stability using Hydrophobin and BSA as Model Systems
Authors: Krom Judith , Meister Konrad , Vilgis Thomas A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe properties and arrangement of surface‐active molecules at air‐water interfaces influence foam stability and bubble shape. Such multiscale‐relationships necessitate a well‐conducted analysis of mesoscopic foam properties. We introduce a novel automated and precise method to characterize bubble growth, size distribution and shape based on image analysis and using the machine learning algorithm Cellpose. Studying the temporal evolution of bubble size and shape facilitates conclusions on foam stability. The addition of two sets of masks, for tiny bubbles and large bubbles, provides for a high precision of analysis. A python script for analysis of the evolution of bubble diameter, circularity and dispersity is provided in the Supporting Information. Using foams stabilized by bovine serum albumin (BSA), hydrophobin (HP), and blends thereof, we show how this technique can be used to precisely characterize foam structures. Foams stabilized by HP show a significantly increased foam stability and rounder bubble shape than BSA‐stabilized foams. These differences are induced by the different molecular structure of the two proteins. Our study shows that the proposed method provides an efficient way to analyze relevant foam properties in detail and at low cost, with higher precision than conventional methods of image analysis.
Developing relational resilience in the midst of conflict
Authors: Nathan Deborah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article presents an approach to encounter group interventions in the midst of protracted, entrenched conflict, that has relational resilience as its focus. Through a constructionist grounded theory analysis, interviews with 31 alumni of the Artsbridge program from 2008 through 2019, former staff, and parents of alumni, were analyzed in order to explore how they understand their experience of the Artsbridge program and the impact it has had on their lives. This analysis of interviews led to the primary theme of relational resilience. The Artsbridge model of relational resilience will be introduced. While many programs exist that work with youth in conflict, the Artsbridge program is unique in its use of Transformative Reflecting Dialogue, artistic modalities, and collaborative art. Through decades of violence and separation, Israeli and Palestinian narratives have become negatively interdependent and mutually exclusive. Artsbridge methodology encourages the development of more inclusive narratives and an appreciation of and tolerance for complexity. The research discussed in this article suggests that encouraging the development of relational resilience may lead to more constructive and sustainable outcomes when working within communities continuing to live in the midst of intractable conflict.
Improvement in notch band characteristics of a hexagonal super wideband antenna by interfering back radiation out of phase with front radiation using frequency selective surface
Authors: Mukherjee Surajit , Roy Avisankar , Tewary Tapas , Mandal Kaushik , Sarkar Partha Pratim , Bhunia Sunandan 
Published: April 2024

SummaryA band‐notched super wideband (SWB) planar monopole antenna with improved notch characteristics is proposed in this article. A hexagonal SWB antenna operating in the frequency range from 3.04 to 36 GHz is initially designed on Arlon substrate. The hexagonal patch is then loaded with optimum sized U‐shaped slot to eliminate WLAN band (5.15–5.85 GHz). The notch band's characteristics are further improved by incorporating a frequency selective surface (FSS) of a square array at a specific distance below the antenna to introduce a phase delay of 180° between the back radiation reflected by the FSS with the front radiation at the notched frequency. Improvement of notch band gain, efficiency, and antenna front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) are studied. The antenna without embedding an FSS exhibits working spectrum from 3.1 to 33.6 GHz with notch frequency gain of −2.6 dBi and efficiency 53%. The inclusion of an FSS layer at 25.2 mm behind the antenna results in notch frequency gain of −7.6 dBi with an efficiency of 23%. FBR improvement of about 16 dB is achieved at 8 GHz, and FBR is reduced by about 5 dB at the notch frequency. 169% fractional bandwidth with bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) of 1622 is achieved in this proposed FSS integrated antenna. The inclusion of FSS to improve the band elimination performance represents the novelty of this proposal. The data are validated by electromagnetic simulation and physical measurement techniques.
Variable intraspecific response to climate change in a medicinally important African tree species, Vachellia sieberiana (DC.) (paperbark thorn)
Authors: Jinga Percy , Manyangadze Tawanda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClimate change is predicted to disproportionately impact sub‐Saharan Africa, with potential devastating consequences on plant populations. Climate change may, however, impact intraspecific taxa differently. The aim of the study was to determine the current distribution and impact of climate change on three varieties of Vachellia sieberiana, that is, var. sieberiana, var. villosa and var. woodii. Ensemble species distribution models (SDMs) were built in “biomod2” using 66, 45, and 137 occurrence records for var. sieberiana, var. villosa, and var. woodii, respectively. The ensemble SDMs were projected to 2041–2060 and 2081–2100 under three general circulation models (GCMs) and two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The three GCMs were the Canadian Earth System Model version 5, the Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace Climate Model version 6A Low Resolution, and the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 6. The suitable habitat of var. sieberiana predominantly occurs in the Sudanian and Zambezian phytochoria while that of var. villosa largely occurs in the Sudanian phytochorion. The suitable habitat of var. woodii mainly occurs in the Zambezian phyotochorion. There is coexistence of var. villosa and var. sieberiana in the Sudanian phytochorion while var. sieberiana and var. woodii coexist in the Zambezian phytochorion. Under SSP2‐4.5 in 2041–2060 and averaged across the three GCMs, the suitable habitat expanded by 33.8% and 119.7% for var. sieberiana and var. villosa, respectively. In contrast, the suitable habitat of var. woodii contracted by −8.4%. Similar trends were observed in 2041–2060 under SSP5‐8.5 [var. sieberiana (38.6%), var. villosa (139.0%), and var. woodii (−10.4%)], in 2081–2100 under SSP2‐4.5 [var. sieberiana (4.6%), var. villosa (153.4%), and var. woodii (−14.4%)], and in 2081–2100 under SSP5‐8.5 [var. sieberiana (49.3%), var. villosa (233.4%), and var. woodii (−30.7%)]. Different responses to climate change call for unique management and conservation decisions for the varieties.
Evolutionary trajectory of phenological escape in a flowering plant: Mechanistic insights from bidirectional avoidance of butterfly egg‐laying pressure
Authors: Davies W. James , Saccheri Ilik J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhenological escape, whereby species alter the timing of life‐history events to avoid seasonal antagonists, is usually analyzed either as a potential evolutionary outcome given current selection coefficients, or as a realized outcome in response to known enemies. We here gain mechanistic insights into the evolutionary trajectory of phenological escape in the brassicaceous herb Cardamine pratensis, by comparing the flowering schedules of two sympatric ecotypes in different stages of a disruptive response to egg‐laying pressure imposed by the pierid butterfly Anthocharis cardamines, whose larvae are pre‐dispersal seed predators (reducing realized fecundity by ~70%). When the focal point of highest intensity selection (peak egg‐laying) occurs early in the flowering schedule, selection for late flowering dependent on reduced egg‐laying combined with selection for early flowering dependent on reduced predator survival results in a symmetrical bimodal flowering curve; when the focal point occurs late, an asymmetrical flowering curve results with a large early flowering mode due to selection for reduced egg‐laying augmented by selection for infested plants to outrun larval development and dehisce prior to seed‐pod consumption. Unequal selection pressures on high and low fecundity ramets, due to asynchronous flowering and morphologically targeted (size‐dependent) egg‐laying, constrain phenological escape, with bimodal flowering evolving primarily in response to disruptive selection on high fecundity phenotypes. These results emphasize the importance of analyzing variation in selection coefficients among morphological phenotypes over the entire flowering schedule to predict how populations will evolve in response to altered phenologies resulting from climate change.
ZooTraits: An R shiny app for exploring animal trait data for ecological and evolutionary research
Authors: Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago , Milz Beatriz , Sanders Nathan J. , Reich Peter B. , Maitner Brian , Chaves Leonardo S. , Boldorini Gabriel X. , Ferreira Natália , Gusmão Reginaldo A. F. , Perônico Phamela Bernardes , Teresa Fabrício B. , Umaña María Natalia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnimal trait data are scattered across several datasets, making it challenging to compile and compare trait information across different groups. For plants, the TRY database has been an unwavering success for those ecologists interested in addressing how plant traits influence a wide variety of processes and patterns, but the same is not true for most animal taxonomic groups. Here, we introduce ZooTraits, a Shiny app designed to help users explore and obtain animal trait data for research in ecology and evolution. ZooTraits was developed to tackle the challenge of finding in a single site information of multiple trait datasets and facilitating access to traits by providing an easy‐to‐use, open‐source platform. This app combines datasets centralized in the Open Trait Network, raw data from the AnimalTraits database, and trait information for animals compiled by Gonçalves‐Souza et al. (2023, Ecology and Evolution 13, e10016). Importantly, the ZooTraits app can be accessed freely and provides a user‐friendly interface through three functionalities that will allow users to easily visualize, compare, download, and upload trait data across the animal tree of life—ExploreTrait, FeedTrait, and GetTrait. By using ExploreTrait and GetTrait, users can explore, compare, and extract 3954 trait records from 23,394 species centralized in the Open Traits Network, and trait data for ~2000 species from the AnimalTraits database. The app summarizes trait information for numerous taxonomic groups within the Animal Kingdom, encompassing data from diverse aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and various geographic regions worldwide. Moreover, ZooTraits enables researchers to upload trait information, serving as a hub for a continually expanding global trait database. By promoting the centralization of trait datasets and offering a platform for data sharing, ZooTraits is facilitating advancements in trait‐based ecological and evolutionary studies. We hope that other trait databases will evolve to mirror the approach we have outlined here.
Asian koel rapidly locates host breeding in novel nest sites
Authors: Nahid Mominul Islam , Ranke Peter S. , Liang Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAvian brood parasites depend upon locating host nests to lay their eggs. However, how brood parasites locate host nests and select the nests for parasitism remains poorly studied. Here, we examined how a non‐evicting brood parasite, the Asian koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus) were able to locate host nests in locally novel nest sites. We provided a set of novel nest sites (i.e., nestboxes, n = 100) to the common myna (Acridotheres tristis), a regular host of the Asian koel, at a field site in Central Bangladesh. We found that common myna quickly utilized the novel breeding sites (n = 99 nests across 59 boxes) and similarly, 21.2% of these nests were parasitized by the Asian koel. Unsurprisingly, none of the inactive nest boxes were parasitized, neither were empty nests of common myna (i.e., either predated or fledged clutches, thus lack of parental activity, n = 83). Our results provide an experimental demonstration of the Asian koel ability to rapidly locate nests in locally novel nest sites, potentially facilitated by close monitoring of host activity and behavior around the nest site. However, the underlying mechanisms for this rapid adjustment to novel nest sites remain unresolved.
Effects of natural flood management woody dams on benthic macroinvertebrates and benthic metabolism in upland streams: Importance of wood‐induced geomorphic changes
Authors: Lo Ho Wen , Klaar Megan , Smith Mark , Woulds Clare 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNatural Flood Management (NFM) aims to reduce flood hazard by working with nature and is gaining prominence worldwide. One particular NFM technique involves the use of channel‐spanning woody dams that maintain a clearance height above baseflow. These dams function by increasing channel roughness during high flows and by forcing excessive water onto the floodplain. Whether these dams provide additional benefits to nature remains unclear. While there are many existing studies on natural in‐stream wood structures, very few have documented the impact of NFM woody dams in particular. This study adopted a multidisciplinary approach and a Before–After Control–Impact (BACI) research design to assess whether NFM woody dams installed in a small upland catchment had driven changes in benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and benthic metabolic activities through the geomorphic changes that they had created. Statistical results indicate that macroinvertebrate density, richness, and diversity did not show any difference between stream reaches with and without NFM woody dams. The metrics were generally not related to grain‐size parameters and volumes of sediments eroded or deposited. However, individual genera such as Baetis and Rhithrogena became more dominant in the control reach towards the end of the study period, likely due to the higher flow velocities and coarser sediments there resulting from the lack of flow resistance in the absence of NFM woody dams. Rates of benthic respiration (but not rates of photosynthesis) were consistently significantly higher in woody dam reaches than in control reaches, likely due to the presence of patches of finer sediments in the former.
The riverbank vegetation for mitigating the adverse effects of sediment dredging
Authors: Arora Sukhjeet , Kumar Bimlesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSediment dredging has been an ever‐growing issue, especially in developing nations with high demand for concrete filler material. River systems are adversely affected by sediment mining, resulting in decreased stability of the riverbed and riverbanks. Nature‐based solutions for riverbank erosion have been a research topic that has led to the proposal of vegetation on the riverbanks. However, little is known about the extent of riverbank vegetation required to negate the devastating effects of sediment mining because dense vegetation severely affects the flow structure and becomes a waste trap. This experimental study uses sparsely dense, flexible, and bladed vegetation to study the annulment effects of vegetation against the existing mining pit. Near‐bed turbulence and sediment transport have increased in the test section in the presence of a mining pit. The increase in near‐bed streamwise and transverse Reynolds shear stresses helped us understand the increased sediment movement in streamwise and lateral directions. The morphology of the test section showed increased riverbed erosion at the beginning of the test segment. The entire cross‐section was levelled at the end of the test section, and aggradation was downstream of the test segment. In contrast, in the vegetated riverbank case, the initial profile of the bank was almost unchanged for the same discharge of flow and upstream sand pit. The sparse vegetation overperformed the intended negation effects. This study establishes that sparse vegetation would perform better in maintaining the channel morphology, which otherwise in dense vegetation would have faced a high erosion rate in the main channel while giving the same protection to the riverbanks.