bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T-shaped sliding coagulator versus single end point coagulator, two techniques for the treatment of active peri-menopausal prolonged and heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Badawy Mahmoud A. 
Published: April 2024

Objective
To compare the safety and efficacy of single end-point coagulator versus T-shaped sliding coagulator used for tactile electrosurgical endometrial ablation (TEEA) in stopping or decreasing active resistant perimenopausal intrauterine ball (IUB).

Patients and methods
In this study, 50 cases with perimenopausal IUB not responding to medical or hormonal treatment were included, comprising 25 treated by using single end-point coagulator, whereas the other 25 treated by T-shaped sliding coagulator. Outcomes depended on which technique is better regarding immediate stopping of bleeding, need for another TEEA, or need for hysterectomy.

Results
Duration of operation in T-shaped sliding coagulator was ∼5 min, and bleeding immediately stopped in 22 of 25 cases. Follow-up of those cases for 12 months revealed that 11 of them had developed amenorrhea, seven developed minimal bleeding, five developed regular menses, one required another TEEA, whereas one required hysterectomy. Duration of operation in single end-point coagulator was ∼10 min, and bleeding immediately stopped in 15 of 25 cases. Follow-up of those cases for 12 months revealed that three of them had developed amenorrhea, nine developed minimal bleeding, nine developed regular menses, three required another TEEA, whereas one required hysterectomy.

Conclusion
TEEA is an easy, almost costless, rapid, and effective procedure in treating active perimenopausal IUB. Overall results showed that the T-shaped sliding coagulator (first procedure) is better than single end-point coagulator (second procedure). However, more studies with large number of cases are recommended to confirm its safety and effectiveness.
Visual outcome after femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty versus conventional penetrating technique
Authors: Ahmed Mostafa Abd El-Rahman , Mohamed Mahmoud Abd El-Badie , Nooreldin Asaad 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To evaluate and compare the visual outcome after femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty (FLAK) versus conventional penetrating technique.

Settings and design
This is a nonrandomized prospective comparative study that included a total of 30 eyes of 30 patients (16 females and 14 males) who underwent keratoplasty at three private eye centers in Assiut city, Egypt. These patients were divided into two groups: group I included 15 patients who were subjected to femtosecond laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty and group II included 15 patients who were subjected to conventional penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).

Patients and methods
Visual outcome and intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated over a 18-month follow-up period.

Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program. Student t test, paired sample t test, and χ
2 test were used for the comparisons.

Results
Both uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity showed marked improvement in both groups at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively. However, FLAK group showed statistically better uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months compared with conventional PKP group (all P<0.01). The mean sphere improved significantly in both groups at all follow-up periods. Flattest K (K1), steepest K (K2), and K mean showed a significant reduction in both groups at all follow-up periods with no significant differences between groups. Lower occurrence of postoperative complications was noticed in FLAK group compared with PKP group, with a nonsignificant difference (P=0.255).

Conclusion
Both techniques are effective, but FLAK has been shown to result in faster and better visual recovery, with significantly less astigmatism and lower complications compared with conventional PKP.
Impact of middle turbinate conchoplasty in management of rhinogenic contact headache
Authors: Khudier Mahasen H. S , Mostafa Soad Y. , Ibrahim Hoda A. , Mohamed Bothina A. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Rhinogenic contact point headache (RCPH) is intermittent pain localized in the periorbital and temporozygomatic or medial canthal regions. RCPH occurs owing to the presence of anatomical variations between adjacent mucosal surfaces in the nasal cavity. Concha bullosa (CB) is pneumatization of the middle turbinate, which is a common anatomic variation of lateral nasal wall. CB may increase in such a way that it fills the space between septum and lateral nasal walls, which creates areas of mucosal contact, predisposing to rhinogenic headache.

Aim
To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of endoscopic turbinoplasty technique for CB ‘conchoplasty’ compared with lateral partial turbinectomy (LPT), in patients with RCPHs not responding to medical treatment.

Patients and methods
A prospective study was conducted that included 30 patients with RCPH and significant CB. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A included 15 patients who underwent LPT and group B included 15 patients who underwent conchoplasty.

Results
Complete cure or significant reduction in the severity of complaints reported in 13 patients who underwent LPT. In the conchoplasty group, 14 patients were completely cured at the end of the follow-up period. In the LPT group, a complication noted was synechiae formation in two cases.

Conclusion
Compared with LPT, conchoplasty is an equally effective surgical treatment of significant CB with lesser incidence of complication.
Role of ferritin, vitamin D, and thyroid dysfunction in telogen effluvium among the hospital population in Western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohammed Salma S. , Fatani Mohammad I. , Khan Abdulmajeed S. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
This case–control study was conducted to evaluate serum ferritin, vitamin D, and thyroid functions in patients with telogen effluvium (TE) in comparison with controls and to find if they can be used as diagnostic biomarkers of TE.

Patients and methods
A retrospective matched case–control study was performed using data from Hera Hospital database, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The case records of 100 women diagnosed with TE and treated in the dermatology outpatient clinic were analyzed retrospectively. To obtain appropriate controls, records were searched for age-matched and sex-matched women who came to the hospital for a condition other than TE during the same period.

Results
The mean levels of patients’ serum ferritin and vitamin D were significantly lower than those of the controls. With respect to thyroid function tests, the mean levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine showed no statistically significant differences between patients and controls. Although nonsignificant, 7% of patients with TE had laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism compared with 2% of controls, and 16% had subclinical hypothyroidism compared with 10% of controls, suggesting a role of thyroid dysfunction in TE.

Conclusions
Low serum ferritin, vitamin D deficiency, and thyroid dysfunction could be the risk factors for TE and can be used as diagnostic biomarkers of TE; hence, treating such patients with iron, vitamin D, and correction of thyroid dysfunction would be valuable. Prospective clinical studies with a larger number of participants are required to further address the risk factors for TE.
Imatinib- and Nilotinib-Induced Lichenoid Eruption in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sachdeva Meenakshi , Singh Jayanti , Dayal Surabhi , Gupta Aanchal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Imatinib and nilotinib are inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (TKIs) generated from the bcr-abl fusion protein, c-Kit, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. Cutaneous adverse effects (AEs) of TKI are the most frequent non-hematological sequelae. In our case, the common molecular target raises the possibility that cross-intolerance, in which similar AEs occur with both agents, can arise. We hereby report a rare case report on cross-intolerance of cutaneous AEs of imatinib and nilotinib in chronic myeloid leukemia.
Primary Cutaneous Actinomycosis Mimicking Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Kamath Ratnakar R. , Kura Mahendra M. , Basumatary Rituparna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection commonly seen in the tropics, caused by gram-positive, anaerobic bacilli of the genus Actinomyces. There are very few reported cases of primary cutaneous actinomycosis. It can mimic mycetoma, tuberculosis, nocardiosis, and botryomycosis. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis in the absence of sinuses. Even with repeated attempts, cultures are mostly negative; and hence, histology reveals the diagnosis in most cases. Here, we report an unusual case of primary cutaneous actinomycosis in a 21-year-old female patient, following a road traffic accident (RTA). A positive Splendore–Hoeppli phenomenon and special stains demonstrated the ray fungus and helped us reach the diagnosis. The patient was started on oral penicillin G and showed good response.
Serum Granulysin as a Possible Key Marker of Vitiligo Activity and Severity
Authors: Mustafa Amany I. , Abdel-Halim Waleed A. E. , Osman Maha M. , Rezk Shymaa M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Vitiligo is an immune-mediated, chronic skin condition that affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Antimicrobial peptide overexpression is one of its defining characteristics. Granulysin (GNLY), an antimicrobial peptide, may play a role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases.

Objectives:
To estimate the serum GNLY levels in vitiligo patients and to correlate those levels with the severity and activity of the disease.

Materials and Methods:
This case-control study included 60 non-segmental vitiligo patients (Group A) and a control group of 60 people who were matched for age and sex, appeared to be in good health, and were not suffering from vitiligo (Group B). The serum granulysin levels of all subjects were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
When compared to the control group, vitiligo patients had significantly higher serum GNLY levels (P = 0.001). When compared to patients with stable disease, those with active vitiligo had significantly higher serum GNLY levels (P = 0.008). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the serum GNLY levels and the vitiligo area severity index and vitiligo disease activity scores (P = 0.004 and <0.001, respectively).

Limitations:
Study population was relatively small. Evaluation of serum granulysin before and after treatment could have been more beneficial.

Conclusions:
Blood granulysin levels could contribute to the pathogenesis of vitiligo. A higher serum granulysin level may also be a trustworthy predictor of the severity and progression of a disease.
Trichoscopic and Clinico-Morphological Evaluation of Tinea Capitis
Authors: Meghwal Lavina , Mehta Sharad , Gupta Lalit Kumar , Balai Manisha , Mittal Asit 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Tinea capitis (TC) is a common fungal infection of the scalp, especially in children. Trichoscopy is a noninvasive technique that allows rapid and magnified in vivo observation of the hair with the visualization of morphologic features that are often imperceptible to the naked eye.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of trichoscopy in clinical diagnosis and to study various clinico-morphological patterns of TC.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, observational study included 140 clinically diagnosed cases of TC seen during a period of 1 year (April 2021 to March 2022). All patients were evaluated using a dermoscope (DermLite DL4 Multispectral 3 Gen, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA,10×).

Results:
The prevalence rate of TC in this study was 2.69 per thousand population. The most common clinical variant was gray patch followed by kerion and black dot, and the most common etiological agent was Trichophyton tonsurans. The characteristic trichoscopic features were as follows: comma hairs (80%), followed by corkscrew hairs (68.6%), bent hairs (54.2%), zigzag hairs (35.7%), and morse code-like hairs (15%). Other findings included scaling (89.2%), followed by black dot (67.1%), broken hairs (42.8%), and crusting and pustules (32.1% each). Comma and corkscrew-shaped hairs were most common in the black dot type, whereas zigzag, bent hairs, and morse code hairs were common in the gray patch type of TC. There was a significant association between trichoscopic findings and type of TC.

Conclusion:
Trichoscopy can be considered a novel tool for rapid diagnosis and selection of the appropriate therapy and in the monitoring of treatment efficacy in TC.
Henna Tattoo: From Cosmetic Purposes to Dermatological Reactions
Authors: Abu El-Hamd Mohammed , Aboeldahab Soha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Henna, commonly used as a hair dye, is also used for temporary tattoos. It is commonly mixed with para-phenylenediamine (PPD) to enhance color intensity, which may induce cutaneous sensitization.

Aim:
This study aimed to describe the clinicodemographic features of patients with dermatological reactions to henna tattoos.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study, included patients with dermatological reactions to henna tattoos. All the patients were subjected to entire medical history including clinicodemographic data and general and dermatological examinations.

Results:
This study included 17 female patients with a mean age of 26.88 ± 6.6 years. Of these 17 patients; 41.2% were suburban residents, 58.8% were housewives, 70.6% were married, and 47.1% were middle socioeconomic class and 53% had type IV Fitzpatrick skin. All used black color and commercial henna for cosmetic purposes, 41.2% used market henna, and 35.3% used coiffeur henna. Many (70.6%) had localized reactions with 23.5% presenting with reaction of hands, 64.7% had acute eczematous reactions, and all had a progressive course. The mean duration of the reaction was 6.76 ± 2.6 days. The mean latency time of the reaction was 2.7 ± 0.85 days.

Conclusion:
This study concluded that public awareness of possible cutaneous reactions to henna tattoos should be increased. The health authority legislation should control the use of black henna to minimize the consequences.
Dermato-Radiological Evaluation of Congenital Limb Overgrowth Vascular Syndromes
Authors: Arora Suryansh , Mehra Shibani , Bhattacharya Ipshita , Nanda Civilee 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies classification defines Congenital Limb Overgrowth Vascular Syndromes (CLOS) as a subset of vascular syndromes with other abnormalities that present with unilateral limb overgrowth. It includes Klippel–Trenaunay Syndrome, Parkes–Weber Syndrome, CLOVES (Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth, Vascular Malformations, Epidermal Nevi, Spinal/Skeletal Anomalies/Scoliosis) Syndrome, Proteus Syndrome, PTEN Hamartomatous Syndrome, and Fibroadipose Vascular Anomaly. Due to their rare and complex nature, a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment is required. A thorough clinical and radiological workup can go miles in reflecting on the patient’s outcome. Here we report five cases of CLOS with their detailed dermato-radiological profiles.
Pruritic Trichostasis Spinulosa: A Rare Variant
Authors: Gaurav Vishal , Tyagi Mehul , Grover Chander , Sharma Sonal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Trichostasis spinulosa is a disorder of hair follicles characterized by the retention of vellus telogen club hair, leading to the formation of comedo-like lesions. It usually presents over the face and is frequently asymptomatic. We report a 53-year-old female who presented with multiple itchy, discrete, bluish-black, 2–3 mm comedo-like follicular papules and pustules on her breast and lower abdomen for the past 2 years. In-vivo dermoscopy showed keratotic plugs with a tuft of hair. Extraction dermoscopy yielded a cystic structure filled with keratin and multiple vellus telogen club hairs. Histology showed a cyst lined by squamous epithelium containing abundant laminated keratinous debris and a vellus hair shaft. Truncal or breast involvement, as seen in the present case, is relatively rare, and can be pruritic, causing significant morbidity due to itching and secondary bacterial infections. Dermoscopy, especially ex-vivo extraction dermoscopy, can show diagnostic features and obviate the need for abiopsy.
RASopathies: Evolving Concepts in Pathogenetics, Clinical Features, and Management
Authors: Padhiyar Jigna , Mahajan Rahul , Panda Maitreyee 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
RASopathies refers to the group of disorders which are caused by a mutation in various genes of the RAS/MAPK (RAT sarcoma virus/Mitogen activated protein kinase) pathway. It includes many genes with varied functions, which are responsible for cell cycle regulation. As the mutation in one gene affects the entire pathway, there are many overlapping features among the various syndromes which are included under an umbrella term “RASopathies.” However, neuroectodermal involvement is a unifying feature among these syndromes, which are caused by germline mutations affecting genes along this pathway. Recently, many other RASopathies have been described to involve blood vessels, lymphatics, and immune system. Also, many cutaneous mosaic disorders have been found to have mutations in the concerned pathway. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the pathogenesis of RASopathies with cutaneous manifestations, and summarise the features that can be helpful as diagnostic clues to dermatologists. As we understand more about the pathogenesis of the pathway at the cellular level, the research on genotype-phenotype correlation and therapeutic options broadens. Targeted therapy is in the clinical and preclinical trial phase, which may brighten the future of many patients.
A Comparative Study on Serum Levels of “Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin” Between Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris and Healthy Individuals: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Kollabathula Siri Sri , Venkatachalam Konakanchi , Susmitha Divya Kethireddi , Guruprasad Patnala , Nayar Pallapati Anila Sunandini 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine initially implicated to be associated with allergic disorders inducing Th2 response. Emerging studies have shown that TSLP is also involved in autoimmune diseases. In psoriasis, TSLP acts in synergy with T cell-derived CD40L to promote the release of IL-23 from dendritic cells. IL-23 is responsible for the inappropriate immune reaction and keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis. Targeting TSLP could be a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of psoriasis.

Objective:
To compare the serum levels of TSLP between patients with psoriasis and healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 38 patients with psoriasis. The severity of psoriasis was graded into mild, moderate, and severe according to PASI. A total of 30 healthy individuals with matched age and sex were taken as controls. 5 ml of venous blood was collected, centrifuged, and the collected serum was stored at -80°C until quantitative assessment by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

Results:
TSLP has been found to be significantly elevated in the sera of cases (0.1380178 pg/ml) than in controls (0.1125974 pg/ml). There was also a significant proportionate increase in the mean TSLP with the mean PASI score.

Limitations:
The sample size was small and we could not follow-up the cases to study the changes in TSLP levels with remission of the lesions.

Conclusion:
We found that serum TSLP was elevated in psoriasis patients and correlated with disease severity, indicating a possible pathogenetic role.
IJCM_1A: Connecting Compassionately: An Evaluation of Medical Graduates and Postgraduates Attitudes Toward Learning Communication Skills
Authors: Agrawal Jhilmil , Abedi Ali Jafar , Mehnaz Saira , Zubair Mohd. Yasir , Maheshwari Veena 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Good communication skills are crucial for clinicians, influencing patient health and satisfaction. These skills build trust between patients and providers, preventing risks and conflicts. The 2019 introduction of the Attitude, Ethics, and Communication (AETCOM) module in MBBS curriculum by the Medical Council of India aims to enhance medical students’ communication skills, curb malpractices, and uphold patient’s trust in doctors.

Methodology:
It’s a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Community Medicine, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh. A total of 478 medical-graduates and PGs (divided into four groups of first (2023), second (2022+2021), third (2020+2019) MBBS-batch and fourth (Interns+ PGs) groups) were enrolled to fill up the communication skills attitude scale (CSAS) questionnaire online which consists of 13 positive and 13 negative, and also 13 affective, 5 cognitive and 4 respect attitude questions which was scored in five-point Likert’s scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software.

Results:
Overall score for positive, negative, affective, cognitive and respect domain were 36.6±7.0, 54.3±6.2, 43.5±4.6, 17.4±2.1 and 17.0±2.3 respectively. There is significant difference in score of negative attitude of first group with second and third group (34.4 vs 37.5, p=0.003 and 34.4 vs 37.8, p=0.001) respectively while positive attitude remained same. Also, significant difference in affective (42.6 vs 44.3, p=0.036) and cognitive (17.1 vs 17.9, p=0.034) component between first and fourth group while no such difference was found in respect attitude.

Conclusion:
Study reveals a positive inclination among medical graduates and PGs towards CSLP while a decrease in negative attitude of interns and PGs from final year students, may be due to increase in clinical exposure with the patients. The favorable attitude underscores the potential for successful integration of such programs into medical education, fostering effective communication, enhancing the quality of patient care.
IJCM_10A: Role of male spouse in antenatal care of pregnant women in the urban field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru – A Cross-Sectional study
Authors: Bhagavati Vilas Revanappa , Saraswathi S , Ranganath T.S. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The husband has a great role to play in the antenatal care of his wife during pregnancy. Male spouse involvement is crucial and essential in utilization of the services and benefits, antenatal services to the maximum by the woman. The male spouse involvement will have positive impact on reproductive and child health. The extent of involvement of male spouse depends on the gender role attitudes and the social network.

Objective:
To assess the involvement of Male spouse in Antenatal care.

Methodology:
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in the month of June to November 2023 among 263 Male partners of parous women between the reproductive age 15-45yr, in the urban slum area of BMCRI, Bangalore through simple random sampling technique. A pre-tested, semi-structured, questionnaire was used to collect the data, to assess their involvement during antenatal care. Data collected was entered in MS Excel and analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0.

Results:
In our study, 84% were actually present at the hospital during the delivery and 82.5% had good practice of taking appointment for ANC visits of their wives. About 77.6% were aware of pregnancy related danger signs. But only 35% participants accompanied their wives to ANC visit at least four times.

Conclusion:
There is a need to recognize importance and positive impact of male participation in antenatal care. Knowledge and attitude of men are the prime determinants of their level of participation in antenatal care.