bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis Findings with Clinical Signs and Outcome in Acute Nonambulatory Thoracolumbar Disc Disease in Dogs
Authors: Srugo I. , Aroch I. , Christopher M.M. , Chai O. , Goralnik L. , Bdolah‐Abram T. , Shamir M.H. 
Published: June 2011

Background:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis recently was associated with the severity of neurologic signs in dogs with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD).Hypothesis/Objectives:To look for an association among CSF cell counts, total protein concentration, and severity of neurologic signs at presentation with outcome in dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDD. Our hypothesis was that CSF total nucleated cell count (TNCC) and percentage cell types would be associated with the severity of spinal cord damage and therefore with both the presenting clinical signs and the prognosis of affected dogs.Animals:Fifty‐four dogs with acute nonambulatory thoracolumbar IVDD were evaluated.Methods:Retrospective study. Signalment, neurologic grade, CSF TNCC, protein concentration, red blood cells count and differential cell percentages, and short‐ and long‐term outcomes were evaluated.Results:CSF pleocytosis (>5 cells/μL) was present in 54% of dogs and was positively associated with neurologic grade at presentation and with postoperative time to regaining ambulation. Neutrophils were observed most frequently. The percentage of CSF macrophages and macrophage to monocyte ratio were higher (P= .001, for both) in dogs presented without deep pain sensation (DPS) that did not regain ambulation. Receiver operator characteristics curve analysis yielded a cut‐off point of 13% macrophages with a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 83%, respectively, for prediction of a negative outcome.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:CSF pleocytosis is positively associated with the severity of spinal cord damage in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDD. The percentage of CSF macrophages can be used as a prognostic indicator for regaining ambulation in dogs that have lost DPS.
Recurrent Demyelination and Remyelination in 37 Young Bengal Cats with Polyneuropathy
Authors: Bensfield A.C. , Evans J. , Pesayco J.P. , Mizisin A.P. , Shelton G.D. 
Published: June 2011

Background:With the exception of diabetic neuropathy, polyneuropathy associated with hyperchylomicronemia, and a few inherited polyneuropathies, peripheral neuropathies are poorly characterized in cats. A chronic polyneuropathy is described in a cohort of young Bengal cats.Objective:To characterize the clinical and histopathological features of a chronic‐relapsing peripheral neuropathy in young Bengal cats.Animals:Thirty‐seven young Bengal cats with clinical weakness consistent with peripheral neuropathy.Methods:Bengal cats were included in this study after a diagnosis of polyneuropathy was confirmed by muscle and peripheral nerve biopsy specimens. Pathological changes were characterized at the light and electron microscopic level and by morphometry. Clinical information and long‐term outcome from case records of Bengal cats with histologically confirmed peripheral neuropathy were then assessed.Results:Nerve fiber loss within distal intramuscular nerve branches was a consistent finding in young Bengal cats with polyneuropathy. The most common abnormalities in peripheral nerve biopsies included inappropriately thin myelin sheaths and thinly myelinated fibers surrounded by supernumerary Schwann cell processes, indicative of repeated cycles of demyelination and remyelination. Recovery was common. Response to treatment could not be determined.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:A chronic‐relapsing form of polyneuropathy associated primarily with episodes of demyelination and remyelination was identified in young Bengal cats. The prognosis for recovery is good, although relapses are possible and there can be residual motor deficits.
Health behaviours reported as coping strategies: A factor analytical study
Authors: Ingledew David K. , Hardy Lew , Cooper Cary L. , Jemal Hatice 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. This study aimed to explore the relationships between health behaviours which participants reported using as coping strategies, and other, more documented, coping strategies.Design. The relationships were examined using exploratory factor analysis of questionnaire data.Methods. Items reflecting the use of health behaviours as ways of coping with stressful situations were developed. Behaviours included relaxation, eating and weight control, preventive medicine, exercise and fitness, safety, sleep, use of caffeine, alcohol use, smoking and general self‐care. These 30 items were intermingled with Carver, Scheier & Weintraub's (1989) COPE items. The whole was administered with COPE instructions to 256 adults. Principal‐axis factoring with oblique rotation was employed.Results. Factor analysis of the health behaviour items along with 13 COPE scales eventuated in a six‐factor solution, explaining 47.8 per cent of the variance. Three factors reflected problem‐focused coping, emotion‐focused coping and avoidance, and three quite distinct factors reflected exercise, eating and self‐care. Women compared with men tended more towards emotion‐focused coping and eating. Older individuals compared with younger tended more towards problem‐focused coping and self‐care, and less towards eating.Conclusions. Because the health behaviours formed quite distinct factors, it is suggested that health behaviours may serve coping functions other than the previously well documented functions of problem‐focused, emotion‐focused or avoidance. It is speculated that exercise and self‐care may function in a preventive fashion as resources for coping. Other possible interpretations of the results are discussed.
Evaluation of cognitive—behavioural counselling for the distress associated with an abnormal cervical smear result
Authors: Richardson P. H. , Doherty I. , Wolfe C. D. A. , Carman N. , Chamberlain F. , Holtom R. , Raju K. S. 
Published: June 2011

A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the relative effects of the provision of information and of cognitive–behavioural counselling on the psychological adjustment of women who had previously been informed of an abnormal cervical smear result and subsequently required a further diagnostic procedure (colposcopy examination) and treatment. Altogether, 219 women were randomized to one of two groups: (a) counselling plus the provision of an information leaflet, and (b) information leaflet only. Patients in both groups received an information leaflet with their first colposcopy appointment. Patients in the counselling group also attended a counselling interview prior to their colposcopy examination. The Abnormal Smears Questionnaire (a measure of specific concerns relating to the smear result and subsequent diagnostic and treatment procedures), together with the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐Y1), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐30), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS‐36) were administered pre‐colposcopy, post‐colposcopy, pre‐treatment, post‐treatment and at three‐ and six‐month follow‐ups. Additionally a counselling evaluation questionnaire was completed by women in the counselling group after their colposcopy examination.High levels of distress were reported by both groups of patients on all measures prior to the colposcopy examination, with a subsequent highly significant post‐colposcopy reduction, again in both groups. There were no significant differences in psychological functioning between the two groups at post‐colposcopy assessment. Some minor differences emerged between the two groups at treatment and follow‐up assessments but following analysis of covariance these were interpreted as artifacts of baseline differences between the two groups on the measures concerned. Therefore, the hypothesis that cognitive‐behavioural counselling plus information would have an incremental benefit over the simple provision of an information leaflet was not supported. Possible interpretations of these results are discussed.
The Functional Dimensions of Coping scale: Theory, reliability and validity
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn , Cox Tom 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. This paper details the theoretical position that coping function is transactionally defined. It details the psychometric development of an instrument to assess coping function transactionally: Functional Dimensions of Coping (FDC) scale. The FDC scale permits individuals to define for themselves what functions they believe their coping behaviours/styles perform. Four functions are used: approach, avoidance, reappraisal and emotional regulation. It was hypothesized that a four‐factor model would be a better fit to the data than other more parsimonious models (e.g. approach‐avoidance). Validity was assessed in terms of associations with health anxieties (hypochondriasis) and it was hypothesized that those who report health anxieties should perceive their coping behaviours in terms of the avoidance and reappraisal functions.Design. Two retrospective questionnaire studies (Ns = 333, 101) are reported.Methods. Survey questionnaires were distributed to two samples of undergraduate students. The data were analysed using a mixture of LISREL modelling and multiple linear regression analyses.Results. The FDC was shown to: (1) have excellent factorial validity (the four‐factor model was the best fit to the data), (2) have excellent internal psychometric properties, (3) have no significant associations with social desirability and (4) covary in predicted ways with a number of health anxieties.Conclusions. These results indicate that coping function can be assessed usefully in a transactional way.
Self‐help treatment of chronic fatigue in the community: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chalder T. , Wallace P. , Wessely S. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy of a self‐help booklet and specific advice in reducing chronic fatigue in a primary care population aged 18–34 years.Design. A randomized controlled trial.Methods. A self‐help intervention (N = 70) was compared with no treatment (N = 80). The main outcome measures were a fatigue questionnaire and the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire. Follow‐up was completed on 127 patients.Results. The self‐help group showed significantly greater improvements in fatigue (p = .01) and psychological distress (p < .01) than controls. At follow‐up, 63 per cent of the self‐help completers achieved a good outcome (scored less than 4 on the fatigue questionnaire) compared with 39 per cent of the control group.Conclusions. The provision of a self‐help booklet and specific advice during a consultation with a research nurse was more effective than no treatment at improving fatigue and psychological distress. General practitioners should be encouraged to use self‐help literature in the management of patients with chronic fatigue.
The development of an anger expression and control scale
Authors: van Elderen Thérèse , Maes Stan , Komproe Ivan , van der Kamp Leo 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. The Self‐Expression and Control Scale (SECS) has been constructed to investigate the role of anger expression and anger control in the aetiology and progression of hypertension, coronary heart disease and other chronic diseases.Design and methods. This questionnaire was presented to a Dutch community sample (N = 946). A first version of the questionnaire with 64 items was reduced to 40 items on the basis of principal component analyses and analyses of internal consistency. This final 40‐item version of the questionnaire consists of four subscales of 10 items each. The subscales are: anger‐in (AI, the internationalization of anger), anger‐out (AO, the externalization of anger), control‐anger‐in (CAI, control over the internalization of anger) and control‐anger‐out (CAO, control over the externalization of anger). Additionally, differences between the community sample of Dutch residents and a sample of coronary heart disease patients (N = 257) on the four subscales were examined.Results. The psychometric properties of the SECS proved to be highly acceptable, and the convergent and discriminant validity quite promising. Males and older persons scored statistically significantly lower on AO and higher on CAI and CAO than females and younger persons. The community sample of Dutch residents scored significantly higher on AO than a population of coronary heart disease patients.Conclusions. The anger control scales seem to allow a more differentiated assessment of anger, which may be of crucial importance for future research on anger and health.
Relationship between locus of control beliefs and metabolic control in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Stenström Ulf , Wikby Anders , Andersson Per‐Olof , Rydén Olof 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. To examine the relationship between diabetes‐specific health locus of control patterns and metabolic control (HbA1C). The validity and reliability of the Diabetes Locus of Control Scale (DLOC) used were also examined.Methods. Study participants were 312 consecutive adult Swedish out‐patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The participants completed the DLOC at their regular clinic visit and data on metabolic control (HbA1C) and background factors were gathered.Results. The Diabetes Locus of Control Scale was found to have adequate psychometric properties. Participants with strong beliefs that their own behaviour is responsible for the course of the disease and weak beliefs in chance and luck were metabolically better regulated than participants who exhibited other health locus of control patterns.Conclusions. The diabetes locus of control patterns examined appear to have explanatory power in accounting for metabolic control. The data suggest that, in planning treatment of IDDM patients, clinicians could make use of knowledge concerning the patients' health locus of control patterns.
Food for thought: Cognitive regulation of food intake
Authors: Boon Brigitte , Stroebe Wolfgang , Schut Henk , Jansen Anita 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. Two studies examined the cognitive regulation of restrained eaters' eating behaviour. It was hypothesized that restrained dieters should have more restraint‐related cognitions in the presence of food stimuli than unrestrained eaters, whereas restrained non‐dieters should occupy an intermediate position. The correlation between cognition and consumption should be zero for unrestrained eaters and negative for restrained eaters.Design. Participants currently dieting or not dieting and of high or low restraint status (median split) were presented in Study 1 with high and low calorie food words and asked to list their thoughts. In Study 2, participants listed thoughts following a taste test. In both studies diet and restraint status were related to restraint relevant thoughts. In Study 2 thoughts were also related to actual consumption.Methods. Participants were female students; restraint status was measured with the Restraint Scale; current diet status was assessed with one question. Fifty‐two unrestrained eaters, 38 restrained non‐dieters and 18 restrained dieters participated in Study 1; 33 unrestrained eaters, 19 restrained non‐dieters and 11 restrained dieters participated in Study 2.Results. Food stimuli elicited more eating control, weight‐ and shape‐related thoughts in restrained dieters than in unrestrained eaters, with the restrained non‐dieters occupying an intermediate position. Consistent with predictions, the cognition‐consumption correlation was zero for unrestrained eaters and negative (trend) for restrained dieters. Contrary to prediction, this correlation was positive for restrained non‐dieters.Conclusions. Results show that cognitions play an important role in the regulation of the eating behaviour of restrained individuals. They further suggest that the cognitive regulation of food intake in restrained eaters may be based on different mechanisms in dieters as compared to non‐dieters.
Stress, hassles and variations in alcohol consumption, food choice and physical exercise: A diary study
Authors: Steptoe Andrew , Lipsey Zara , Wardle Jane 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. To assess the impact of daily life‐stress on behaviours (alcohol consumption, food choice and physical exercise) that influence health risk.Method. Twenty‐three nurses and 21 teachers completed daily assessments of mood, alcohol and food intake, together with weekly measures of hassles, perceived stress, anxiety, depression and exercise behaviour, over an eight‐week period. Comparisons were made between the two highest and two lowest perceived stress weeks.Results. Work and home‐related hassles were more frequent on high than low stress weeks, and anxiety and depression levels were greater, even after controlling for negative affectivity. Participants who drank alcohol to cope showed increases in consumption between low and high stress weeks. ‘Fast food’ was eaten more frequently during high stress weeks. People who reported that mood control was an important influence on their choice of food showed increases in the amount of cheese they ate, and greater consumption of sweet foods. There were no differences in exercise frequency or duration with changes in perceived stress.Conclusions. Diary studies allow changes in health behaviour with life‐stress to be assessed naturalistically. The impact of stress depends on the moderating effects of motives and coping expectancies associated with specific behavioural domains. Some responses may be prejudicial to long‐term health risk.
Miscarriage: Is vividness of visual imagery a factor in the grief reaction of the partner?
Authors: Johnson Martin P. , Puddifoot John E. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. In the context of recent findings concerning the unexpressed psychological reactions of men to their partner's miscarriage, this study explores the role of visual imagery in mediating this reaction.Design. Questionnaire data from 158 male partners of women who had miscarried prior to the start of the 25th week of pregnancy were collected with a view to exploring the relation of vividness of visual imagery within this cohort to their subsequent grief response.Methods. Volunteers recruited via referrals from general hospitals and general practices in the North East and Midlands regions of England, were administered the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, a modified object‐specific form, i.e. the Baby Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, and the Perinatal Grief Scale.Results. It was found that men with ‘unvivid’ visual imagery were less likely to have seen an ultrasound scan of their unborn child. When men were compared by the length of gestation at which the miscarriage occurred there was not a significant difference in vividness of visual imagery. Those men exhibiting vivid imagery exhibited significantly higher levels of measured grief when their partner miscarried than those of lower or unvivid imagery.Conclusions. These findings suggest that vivid visual imagery assisted or oriented men towards a sense of baby (or perceived foetal ontology) early in pregnancy, and in consequence they appeared at greater risk of negative impact following their partner's miscarriage.
The relationship between psychological factors and recurrent genital herpes simplex virus
Authors: Shah D. , Button J. C. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose. This paper reviews the relationship between psychological factors and recurrent genital herpes simplex virus (HSV).Method. Studies for the review were selected via computerized literature searches and were included if they specifically examined the relationship between genital HSV recurrence and psychological factors. Twenty‐nine studies addressing this relationship are evaluated and discussed.Findings. Factors reported to be associated with recurrences include depression, stress, coping strategies, social support and illness vulnerability. However, findings are inconsistent due to variations in study design.Conclusions. In general, the literature suggests that exposure to psychological stressors alone is not sufficient to trigger HSV recurrence. Although a correlation between psychological factors and number of recurrences exists, it may be that recurrences cause greater stress and depression, or that a third factor puts people at greater risk of both stress and recurrences. Personality traits, coping mechanisms and interpersonal factors, also determine the extent of the impact of the stressor on the individual. Further studies are needed to address these factors and control for the variations in designs found in the current literature.
Correlates of psychological distress in relation to male infertility
Authors: Band Dawn A. , Edelmann Robert J. , Avery Susan , Brinsden Peter R. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. To investigate, within a stress and coping framework, the existence, extent and predictors of psychological distress in a sample of men with a diagnosis of sole male factor infertility.Design. A cross‐sectional design was used to investigate correlates of distress.Method. Questionnaires were sent to 130 men with a diagnosis of sole male factor infertility who were attending a specialist infertility clinic for primary infertility. Fifty‐one men responded, giving a 39 per cent response rate. In addition to completing the Beck Depression Inventory, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, Ways of Coping Questionnaire and a measure of infertility‐related distress, participants also provided data concerning their age, their partner's age, and the duration and severity of infertility.Results. There was evidence for elevated depression and state anxiety in some infertile males. Three significant predictors of depression were identified: an anxious disposition, a tendency to appraise situations as stressful and an avoidant coping style. In relation to state anxiety two predictors were identified: trait anxiety and failure to seek social support.Conclusions. Male infertility is perceived as stressful and can be associated with a greater risk of psychopathology in some cases, particularly for those men with an enduringly anxious disposition, an inability to seek social support and those who engage in avoidance coping strategies. Identification of factors predictive of distress will enable professionals to effectively direct psychological interventions to vulnerable individuals.