bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic‐Assisted and Open High Anterior Resection within an ERAS Protocol
Authors: Gustafsson Ulf O. , Tiefenthal Marit , Thorell Anders , Ljungqvist Olle , Nygrens Jonas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundDue to potentially superior short‐term outcomes compared with open colorectal surgery, laparoscopic surgery is currently being implemented in clinical practice worldwide. In parallel, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs are shown to improve postoperative recovery in open colorectal surgery. This study reports outcomes in laparoscopic versus open surgery in conjunction with compliance to the ERAS protocol.MethodsThe association between surgical approach (laparoscopic or open surgery), compliance to the ERAS protocol, postoperative symptoms, complications, and length of stay after surgery was studied. Between January 2007 to December 2010, 114 consecutive patients underwent elective high anterior resection with laparoscopic‐assisted (n = 55) or open resection (n = 59). All clinical data (114 variables) were prospectively recorded.ResultsThe overall preoperative ERAS‐protocol compliance was 77% for both the laparoscopic and open group. Laparoscopic surgery resulted in shorter total length of stay (median 4 vs. 6 days, p = 0.04), earlier pain control (median 2 vs. 3 days, p = 0.008), shorter need for intravenous infusions, improved mobilization on the first postoperative day (POD1), and lower inflammatory response (CRP (POD1) 54 ± 24 vs. 67 ± 31 mg/l, p = 0.017) compared with open resection. The trends in fewer postoperative complications (9.1 vs. 16.9%; odds ratio (OR) 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17–1.81) and overall postoperative symptoms delaying recovery (20 vs. 30.5%; OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.22–1.34) in laparoscopic surgery were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe use of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery within an ERAS protocol results in faster recovery compared with open resection.
Tissue‐Engineered Heart Valve: Future of Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Rippel Radoslaw A. , Ghanbari Hossein , Seifalian Alexander M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundHeart valve disease is currently a growing problem, and demand for heart valve replacement is predicted to increase significantly in the future. Existing “gold standard” mechanical and biological prosthesis offers survival at a cost of significantly increased risks of complications. Mechanical valves may cause hemorrhage and thromboembolism, whereas biologic valves are prone to fibrosis, calcification, degeneration, and immunogenic complications.MethodsA literature search was performed to identify all relevant studies relating to tissue‐engineered heart valve in life sciences using the PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge databases.DiscussionTissue engineering is a new, emerging alternative, which is reviewed in this paper. To produce a fully functional heart valve using tissue engineering, an appropriate scaffold needs to be seeded using carefully selected cells and proliferated under conditions that resemble the environment of a natural human heart valve. Bioscaffold, synthetic materials, and preseeded composites are three common approaches of scaffold formation. All available evidence suggests that synthetic scaffolds are the most suitable material for valve scaffold formation. Different cell sources of stem cells were used with variable results. Mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and umbilical blood stem cells are used in vitro tissue engineering of heart valve. Alternatively scaffold may be implanted and then autoseeded in vivo by circulating endothelial progenitor cells or primitive circulating cells from patient’s blood. For that purpose, synthetic heart valves were developed.ConclusionsTissue engineering is currently the only technology in the field with the potential for the creation of tissues analogous to a native human heart valve, with longer sustainability, and fever side effects. Although there is still a long way to go, tissue‐engineered heart valves have the capability to revolutionize cardiac surgery of the future.
Shotgun proteomic monitoring of Clostridium acetobutylicum during stationary phase of butanol fermentation using xylose and comparison with the exponential phase
Authors: Sivagnanam Kumaran , Raghavan Vijaya G S , Shah Manesh , Hettich Robert L , Verberkmoes Nathan C , Lefsrud Mark G 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Economically viable production of solvents through acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation requires a detailed understanding of Clostridium acetobutylicum. This study focuses on the proteomic profiling of C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 from the stationary phase of ABE fermentation using xylose and compares with the exponential growth by shotgun proteomics approach. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed 22.9% of the C. acetobutylicum genome and 18.6% was found to be common in both exponential and stationary phases. The proteomic profile of C. acetobutylicum changed during the ABE fermentation such that 17 proteins were significantly differentially expressed between the two phases. Specifically, the expression of five proteins namely, CAC2873, CAP0164, CAP0165, CAC3298, and CAC1742 involved in the solvent production pathway were found to be significantly lower in the stationary phase compared to the exponential growth. Similarly, the expression of fucose isomerase (CAC2610), xylulose kinase (CAC2612), and a putative uncharacterized protein (CAC2611) involved in the xylose utilization pathway were also significantly lower in the stationary phase. These findings provide an insight into the metabolic behavior of C. acetobutylicum between different phases of ABE fermentation using xylose.
Characteristics of bifunctional acidic endoglucanase (Cel5B) from Gloeophyllum trabeum
Authors: Kim Ho Myeong , Lee Yoon Gyo , Patel Darshan H , Lee Kwang Ho , Lee Dae-Seok , Bae Hyeun-Jong 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The endoglucanase (Cel5B) from the filamentous fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum was cloned and expressed without a signal peptide, and alanine residue 22 converted to glutamine in Pichia pastoris GS115. The DNA sequence of Cel5B had an open reading frame of 1,077 bp, encoding a protein of 359 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 47 kDa. On the basis of sequence similarity, Cel5B displayed active site residues at Glu-175 and Glu-287. Both residues lost full hydrolytic activity when replaced with alanine through point mutation. The purified recombinant Cel5B showed very high specific activity, about 80- to 1,000-fold and 13- to 70-fold in comparison with other endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolase, on carboxymethylcellulose and filter paper, respectively, at pH 3.5 and 55°C. Cel5B displayed bifunctional characteristics under acidic conditions. The kinetic properties of the enzyme determined using a Lineweaver–Burk plot indicated that Cel5B is a catalytically efficient cellulolytic enzyme. These results suggest that Cel5B has high bifunctional endo- and exoglucanase activity under acidic conditions and is a good candidate for bioconversion of lignocellulose.
Stability characteristics of a counter-rotating unequal-strength Batchelor vortex pair
Authors: Ryan Kris , Butler Christopher J. , Sheard Gregory J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA Batchelor vortex represents the asymptotic solution of a trailing vortex in an aircraft wake. In this study, an unequal-strength, counter-rotating Batchelor vortex pair is employed as a model of the wake emanating from one side of an aircraft wing; this model is a direct extension of several prior investigations that have considered unequal-strength Lamb–Oseen vortices as representations of the aircraft wake problem. Both solution of the linearized Navier–Stokes equations and direct numerical simulations are employed to study the linear and nonlinear development of a vortex pair with a circulation ratio of$\Lambda = \ensuremath{-} 0. 5$. In contrast to prior investigations considering a Lamb–Oseen vortex pair, we note strong growth of the Kelvin mode$[\ensuremath{-} 2, 0] $coupled with an almost equal growth rate of the Crow instability. Three stages of nonlinear instability development are defined. In the initial stage, the Kelvin mode amplitude becomes sufficiently large that oscillations within the core of the weaker vortex are easily observable and significantly affect the profile of the weaker vortex. In the secondary stage, filaments of secondary vorticity emanate from the weaker vortex and are convected around the stronger vortex. In the tertiary stage, a transition in the dominant instability wavelength is observed from the short-wavelength Kelvin mode to the longer-wavelength Crow instability. Much of the instability growth is observed on the weaker vortex of the pair, although small perturbations in the stronger vortex are observed in the tertiary nonlinear growth phase.
Nonlinear impulse of ocean waves on floating bodies
Authors: Sclavounos Paul D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new formulation is presented of the nonlinear loads exerted on floating bodies by steep irregular surface waves. The forces and moments are expressed in terms of the time derivative of the fluid impulse which circumvents the time-consuming computation of the temporal and spatial derivatives in Bernoulli’s equation. The nonlinear hydrostatic force on a floating body is shown to point vertically upwards and the nonlinear Froude–Krylov force and moment are derived as the time derivative of an impulse that involves the time derivative of a simple integral of the ambient velocity potential over the time-dependent body wetted surface. The nonlinear radiation and diffraction forces and moments are expressed as time derivatives of two impulses, a body impulse and a free surface impulse that represents higher-order wave loads acting along the body waterline. Numerical results are presented illustrating the accuracy of the new force expressions. Applications discussed include the nonlinear seakeeping of ships and offshore platforms and the extreme wave loads and responses of offshore wind turbines.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and efficacy of antidepressants in major depressive disorder
Authors: Uher R. , Carver S. , Power R. A. , Mors O. , Maier W. , Rietschel M. , Hauser J. , Dernovsek M. Z. , Henigsberg N. , Souery D. , Placentino A. , Farmer A. , McGuffin P. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundIt has been proposed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may interfere with the efficacy of antidepressants and contribute to treatment resistance in major depressive disorder (MDD). This effect requires replication and a test of whether it is specific to serotonin-reuptake inhibiting (SRI) antidepressants.MethodWe tested the effect of concomitant medication with NSAIDs on the efficacy of escitalopram, a SRI antidepressant, and nortriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, among 811 subjects with MDD treated for up to 12 weeks in the GENDEP study. Effects of NSAIDs on improvement of depressive symptoms were tested in mixed-effect linear models. Effects on remission were tested in logistic regression. Age, sex, baseline severity and centre of recruitment were considered as potential confounding factors.ResultsTen percent (n=78) of subjects were taking NSAIDs during the antidepressant treatment. Older subjects were significantly more likely to take NSAIDs. After controlling for age, sex, centre of recruitment and baseline severity, concomitant medication with NSAIDs did not significantly influence the efficacy of escitalopram [β=0.035, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.145 to 0.215, p=0.704] or nortriptyline (β=0.075, 95% CI −0.131 to 0.281, p=0.476). Although slightly fewer subjects who took NSAIDs reached remission [odds ratio (OR) 0.80, 95% CI 0.49–1.31, p=0.383], this non-significant effect was reversed after controlling for age, sex, baseline severity and recruitment centre effects (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.61–1.77, p=0.882).ConclusionsNSAIDs are unlikely to affect the efficacy of SRI or other antidepressants. Concurrent use of NSAIDs and antidepressants does not need to be avoided.
Are the scientific foundations of temperate marine reserves too warm and hard?
Authors: CAVEEN A.J. , SWEETING C.J. , WILLIS T.J. , POLUNIN N.V.C. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThe scientific literature (including some of the most high-profile papers) on the ecological and fisheries effects of permanent no-take marine reserves is dominated by examples from hard tropical and warm temperate ecosystems. It appears to have been tacitly assumed that inference from these studies can directly inform expectations of marine reserve effects in cooler temperate and cold temperate waters. Trends in peer-reviewed studies indicate that the empirical basis for this assumption is tenuous because of a relative lack of research effort in cooler seas, and differences between tropical and temperate regions in ecology, seasonality, the nature of fisheries and prevailing governance regimes.
State and Society in the English Countryside: The Rural Community Movement 1918–39
Authors: BURCHARDT JEREMY 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper assesses the relationship between state and society in interwar rural England, focusing on the hitherto neglected role of the Rural Community Councils. The rise of statutory social provision in the early twentieth century created new challenges and opportunities for voluntarism, and the rural community movement was in part a response to this. The paper examines the early development of the movement, arguing that a crucial role was played by a close-knit group of academics and local government officials. While largely eschewing party politics, they shared a commitment to citizenship, democracy and the promotion of rural culture. Many of them had been close associates of Sir Horace Plunkett. The Rural Community Councils engaged in a wide range of activities, including advisory work, adult education, local history, village hall provision, support for rural industries and an ambivalent engagement with parish councils. The paper concludes with an assessment of the achievements of the rural community movement, arguing that it was constrained by its financial dependence on voluntary contributions.
Semantic subtyping with an SMT solver
Authors: BIERMAN GAVIN M. , GORDON ANDREW D. , HRIŢCU CĂTĂLIN , LANGWORTHY DAVID 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe study a first-order functional language with the novel combination of the ideas of refinement type (the subset of a type to satisfy a Boolean expression) and type-test (a Boolean expression testing whether a value belongs to a type). Our core calculus can express a rich variety of typing idioms; for example, intersection, union, negation, singleton, nullable, variant, and algebraic types are all derivable. We formulate a semantics in which expressions denote terms, and types are interpreted as first-order logic formulas. Subtyping is defined as valid implication between the semantics of types. The formulas are interpreted in a specific model that we axiomatize using standard first-order theories. On this basis, we present a novel type-checking algorithm able to eliminate many dynamic tests and to detect many errors statically. The key idea is to rely on a Satisfiability Modulo Theories solver to compute subtyping efficiently. Moreover, using a satisfiability modulo theories solver allows us to show the uniqueness of normal forms for non-deterministic expressions, provide precise counterexamples when type-checking fails, detect empty types, and compute instances of types statically and at run-time.
Ventriculocoronary fistulae in a patient with transposition of the great arteries, hypoplastic left heart, and pulmonary atresia
Authors: Hayes Denise , Arya Bhawna , Kleinman Charles 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe present a rare case of ventriculocoronary fistulae in a patient with d-transposition of the great arteries, hypoplastic left heart, and pulmonary atresia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this anatomic variant, and raises an important discussion about the development and implications of such fistulous connections.
The cannabinoid CB1 receptor biphasically modulates motor activity and regulates dopamine and glutamate release region dependently
Authors: Polissidis Alexia , Galanopoulos Andreas , Naxakis George , Papahatjis Demetris , Papadopoulou-Daifoti Zeta , Antoniou Katerina 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Cannabinoid administration modulates both dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. The present study examines the effects of high and low dose WIN55,212-2, a CB1 receptor agonist, on extracellular dopamine and glutamate release in vivo via brain microdialysis in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in parallel to its effects on locomotor activity. WIN55,212-2 increased extracellular dopamine in the NAc (1 mg/kg i.p.), striatum (0.1 and 1 mg/kg i.p.) and PFC (1 mg/kg i.p.). Glutamate release was also elevated by WIN55,212-2 in the PFC (1 mg/kg i.p.) whereas in the NAc (0.1 and 1 mg/kg i.p.) and striatum, it was reduced (1 mg/kg i.p.). WIN55,212-2 administration produced hyperlocomotion at the lower dose (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) and hypolocomotion at the higher dose (1 mg/kg i.p.). Co-administration with the CB1 antagonist, SR-141716A (0.03 mg/kg i.p.), prevented the above effects. According to the present results, WIN55,212-2 affected locomotor activity biphasically while exerting converging effects on dopamine activity but diverging effects on glutamate release between cortical and subcortical regions, especially at the higher dose. These findings emphasize the involvement of the CB1 receptor in the simultaneous modulation of dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in brain regions involved in reward and locomotion and suggest possible underlying mechanisms of acute cannabinoid exposure and its psychoactive and behavioural manifestations.
A global comparison of O+ upward flows at 850 km and outflow rates at 6000 km during nonstorm times
Authors: Redmon R. J. , Peterson W. K. , Andersson L. , Denig W. F. 
Published: March 2012

There has been recent progress in understanding the sources and consequences of energetic O+ in the ring current and other regions of the magnetosphere. Various energization mechanisms that depend on geomagnetic activity, altitude, magnetic local time, and relative position within the auroral oval acting on O+ have been proposed. Our understanding of the altitude and magnetic local time variation of these processes has not proceeded as rapidly, however. Contemporary magnetosphere models now include species‐dependent dynamics. These models will benefit from improved spatial and altitudinal knowledge of O+ energization processes. Here we present a global view of O+ upward flows observed at DMSP (850 km) compared to outflow rates observed by Polar (5000–7000 km) during nonstorm times in the framework of dynamic auroral boundary coordinates. This study considers observational proxies for heating and energization mechanisms and shows that these proxies set useful boundaries on their efficacy. This study indicates that during nonstorm times (1) energization between 850 km and 5000–7000 km is predominantly transverse, (2) the efficiency of ion energization is often not focused at the boundaries of the auroral zone, and (3) auroral zone acceleration above DMSP is relatively more important in the cusp than at midnight.
A statistical study of low latitude F region irregularities at Brazilian longitudinal sector response to geomagnetic storms during post‐sunset hours in solar cycle 23
Authors: Sun Y. Y. , Liu J. Y. , Lin C. H. 
Published: March 2012

Effects of intense geomagnetic storms (Dst index < −100) to low latitude F region irregularities in the post‐sunset hours are statistically studied by the total electron content (TEC) phase fluctuation observations obtained from the ground‐based global positioning system (GPS) receivers in the Brazilian longitude sector during a 7.5‐year period of 1 April 1998–31 October 2005. Results show that the low latitude irregularities are significantly suppressed during the main and recovery phases of the intense geomagnetic storms in the months (September–March) that normally have high irregularity activity. In contrast, the post‐sunset triggering signatures are pronounced in the low irregularity activity season (April–August) during storms. To further understand the storm‐produced behaviors in the low latitude F region irregularity in the post‐sunset hours, the relationship between the intensity of GPS phase fluctuations and the occurrence time of the of IMF Bz turnings is examined and discussed.
AGU signs memorandum of agreement with Asia Oceania Geosciences Society
Authors: McEntee Chris 
Published: March 2012

AGU has taken the latest step in building strategic alliances with partner groups by signing a memorandum of agreement with the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS). This agreement is based on the common interests of our members and will allow us to strengthen our respective organizations by

exchanging information on key programs and initiatives;
expanding membership of both our organizations through possible joint programs;
offering additional educational opportunities, professional services, and student programs; and
extending benefits to members of both organizations.
Disruptive Strategies for Removing Drug Discovery Bottlenecks
Authors: Ekins Sean , Waller Chris , Bradley Mary , Williams Antony 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDrug Discovery is shifting focus from the industry to outside partners and in the process creating new bottlenecks, suggesting the need for a more disruptive overhaul. Technologies like high throughput screening (HTS) have moved to a larger number of academic and institutional laboratories in the US, with little apparent coordination or consideration of the outputs and creating a translational gap. While there have been collaborative public private partnerships in Europe to share pharmaceutical data, the USA has lagged behind. Sharing precompetitive computational models may be the next frontier to provide more confidence in the quality of the leads produced and attract investment. We suggest there needs to be an awareness of what research is going on in the screening centers, more collaboration and coordination. These efforts will shift the focus to finding the best researchers to fund and require a rethink of how to reward their collaborative efforts.