bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Having at Equality Again: A Reply to Boulad-Ayoub and Cooper
Authors: Nielsen Kai 
Published: April 2010

I am grateful to Josiane Boulad-Ayoub and Wesley Cooper for their generous treatment of my Equality and Liberty and for their probing criticisms. They make me keenly aware that I have often not expressed myself clearly enough and they have set in motion a process of self-questioning that will extend well beyond this discussion. They drive home to me, once again, the realization of how difficult it is to get anything right in philosophy.Since they, for the most part, raise different sorts of issues, I shall discuss their criticisms separately starting with Cooper's account.
Why Doesn't Kant Care about Natural Language?
Authors: Mosser Kurt 
Published: April 2010

RésuméKant s'est fait régulièrement reprocher, à son époque et à la nôtre, d'avoir ignoré le problème des langues naturelles. L'objection la plus connue à cet égardest celle de J. G. Hamann, qui a prétendu qu'en essayant de «purifier» la raison, Kant a négligé I'aspect le plus significatif du langage à savoir son caractère contingent; et cette idée a été développée plus avant par plusieurs de nos contemporains. On soutient ici que Kant s'intéresse au langage à un niveau logique et grammatical, dans sa tentative d'identifier les conditions nécessaires pour l'apparition de jugements dans n'importe quel langage. Hamann et ceux qui le suivent aujourd'hui, par conséquent, apprécient mal la pertinence de l'approche de Kant pour identifier les conditions de la rationalité des agents, de même que son rôle dans l'histoire de la recherche d'une grammaire universelle.
Steady, unsteady and transient vortex-induced vibration predicted using controlled motion data
Authors: MORSE T. L. , WILLIAMSON C. H. K. 
Published: April 2010

In this study, we represent transient and unsteady dynamics of a cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibration, by employing measurements of the fluid forces for a body controlled to vibrate sinusoidally, transverse to a free stream. We generate very high-resolution contour plots of fluid force in the plane of normalized amplitude and wavelength of controlled oscillation. These contours have been used with an equation of motion to predict the steady-state response of an elastically mounted body. The principal motivation with the present study is to extend this approach to the case where a freely vibrating cylinder exhibits transient or unsteady vibration, through the use of a simple quasi-steady model. In the model, we use equations which define how the amplitude and frequency will change in time, although the instantaneous forces are taken to be those measured under steady-state conditions (the quasi-steady approximation), employing our high-resolution contour plots.The resolution of our force contours has enabled us to define mode regime boundaries with precision, in the amplitude–wavelength plane. Across these mode boundaries, there are discontinuous changes in the fluid force measurements. Predictions of free vibration on either side of the boundaries yield distinct response branches. Using the quasi-steady model, we are able to characterize the nature of the transition which occurs between the upper and lower amplitude response branches. This regime of vibration is of practical significance as it represents conditions under which peak resonant response is found in these systems. For higher mass ratios (m* > 10), our approach predicts that there will be an intermittent switching between branches, as the vortex-formation mode switches between the classical 2P mode and a ‘2POVERLAP’ mode. Interestingly, for low mass ratios (m* ~ 1), there exists a whole regime of normalized flow velocities, where steady-state vibration cannot occur. However, if one employs the quasi-steady model, we discover that the cylinder can indeed oscillate, but only with non-periodic fluctuations in amplitude and frequency. The character of the amplitude response from the model is close to what is found in free vibration experiments. For very low mass ratios (m* < 0.36 in this study), this regime of unsteady vibration response will extend all the way to infinite normalized velocity.
Aquatic molluscs as auxiliary hosts for terrestrial nematode parasites: implications for pathogen transmission in a changing climate
Authors: MORLEY N. J. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYNematodes are common parasites of molluscs but are often overlooked. Both metastrongyloid and rhabditoid species dominate the fauna within land snail and slug populations. Nevertheless, a key characteristic of many laboratory studies is the ability of these terrestrial nematodes to utilize aquatic molluscs as auxiliary hosts. The significance of this to the ecology of the parasite has never been evaluated. There is increasing concern as to the impact of climate change on the epidemiology of many parasitic diseases. In particular, it has been suggested that host switching may increase under the pressure of extreme climatic conditions. It is therefore timely to assess the role that aquatic molluscs may play in transmitting terrestrial nematodes, which include species of medical and veterinary importance such as Angiostrongylus cantonensis, A. vasorum, and Muellerius capillaris. The present review assesses the mechanisms of terrestrial nematode transmission through aquatic molluscs focusing on metastrongyloid and rhabditoid species, the importance of variable susceptibility of molluscan hosts, field studies on natural occurrence within aquatic habitats, and the impact of extreme climatic events (floods and droughts) that may increase in frequency under climate change.
Evidence of strong contribution from neutral atoms in intense harmonic generation from nanoparticles
Authors: Ozaki T. , Elouga Bom L.B. , Abdul-Hadi J. , Ganeev R.A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe show experimental evidence that, for the intense high-order harmonics from nanoparticles, there is a strong contribution from neutral atoms. We present the results of studies on the harmonics generated in laser-produced plasmas containing various nanoparticles, including Cr2O3, In2O3, Ag, MnTiO3, Sn, Cu, and Au. These results are compared with the harmonics generated from plasma produced on the surface of bulk targets. The harmonic spectrum from nanoparticle and bulk In2O3 show that there is a lack in the resonant enhancement of the 13th harmonic for the former. Along with the relatively low cut-off for nanoparticle harmonics, these results show that it is the neutral atom in the nanoparticle that emits the intense harmonics. Structural studies of plasma debris confirm the presence and integrity of nanoparticles in the plasma plumes.
Generation of plasma blocks accelerated by nonlinear forces from ultraviolet KrF laser pulses for fast ignition
Authors: Sadighi-Bonabi R. , Hora H. , Riazi Z. , Yazdani E. , Sadighi S.K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHere we report on the production of highly directed ion blocks by plasma interaction of ultraviolet wavelength light produced from a KrF laser. This may support the requirement to produce a fast ignition deuterium-tritium fusion at densities not much higher than the solid state by a single shot petawatt-picoseconds ultraviolet laser pulse. Using double Rayleigh initial density profiles, we are studying numerically how the nonlinear force necessary to accelerate plasma blocks may reach the highest possible thickness. Propagation of plasma blocks and the volumetric hot electrons can be shown in detail. Results of computations for wavelengths of two lasers are compared, which show that the block current density for a KrF laser is approximately four times bigger than for the Nd-glass lasers. This is in good agreement with the number predicted by theory.
Spectroscopic studies of laser ablated ZnO plasma and correlation with pulsed laser deposited ZnO thin film properties
Authors: Shukla Gaurav , Khare Alika 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, measurement of various plasma parameters during pulsed laser deposition of ZnO thin films on Si (100) substrates is reported. The variations of electron number density and electron temperature with ambient pressure and target substrate distance is obtained via spectroscopic measurements. The structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and photoluminescence and then correlated with spectroscopic results to find optimum conditions for the deposition of high quality ZnO thin films.
Evolution of binary stars and its implications for evolutionary population synthesis
Authors: Han Z. , Chen X. , Zhang F. , Podsiadlowski Ph. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMost stars are members of binaries, and the evolution of a star in a close binary system differs from that of an ioslated star due to the proximity of its companion star. The components in a binary system interact in many ways and binary evolution leads to the formation of many peculiar stars, including blue stragglers and hot subdwarfs. We will discuss binary evolution and the formation of blue stragglers and hot subdwarfs, and show that those hot objects are important in the study of evolutionary population synthesis (EPS), and conclude that binary interactions should be included in the study of EPS. Indeed, binary interactions make a stellar population younger (hotter), and the far-ultraviolet (UV) excess in elliptical galaxies is shown to be most likely resulted from binary interactions. This has major implications for understanding the evolution of the far-UV excess and elliptical galaxies in general. In particular, it implies that the far-UV excess is not a sign of age, as had been postulated prviously and predicts that it should not be strongly dependent on the metallicity of the population, but exists universally from dwarf ellipticals to giant ellipticals.
Population Synthesis: Challenges for the Next Decade
Authors: Bruzual A. Gustavo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper I present a brief summary of recent advances in the fields of stellar evolution, stellar model atmospheres, and stellar spectral libraries, which allow us to build more realistic stellar population synthesis models than those available up to now. Applications of these models to problems of current interest are discussed. Problems that need to be understood and data sets that need to be collected in order to solve issues present in these models are listed.
Stellar population study in early-type galaxies: an approach from the K band
Authors: Mármol-Queraltó Esther , Cardiel Nicolás , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Trager S. C. , Peletier R. F. , Kuntschner H. , Silva D. R. , Cenarro A. J. , Vazdekis A. , Gorgas J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA full understanding of the physical properties of integrated stellar systems demands a multiwavelength approach since each spectral window shows us the contribution of different types of stars. However, most of the observational effort in stellar population studies has been focused on the optical range. Now, the new generation of instruments allow us to explore the K band, where RGB and AGB stars dominate the light of the integrated spectra. Here we present a K-band spectroscopic analysis of early-type galaxies in different environments. Our sample comprises 12 field early-type galaxies observed with ISAAC at VLT with medium resolution, and they are compared with 11 Fornax cluster galaxies previously reported by Silva et al. (2008). The clear differences found in the infrared DCO and NaI indices between field and Fornax galaxies are discussed, trying to solve the puzzle formed by the near-infrared and optical measurements.
The Stellar Populations of M32: Resolving the nearest elliptical with HST ACS/HRC
Authors: Monachesi Antonela , Trager S. C. , Lauer Tod R. , Freedman Wendy , Dressler Alan , Grillmair Carl , Mighell Kenneth 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present the deepest colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) of M32 to date, obtained from deep (F435W, F555W) photometry of HST ACS/HRC images. Due to the high resolution of our images, the small photometric errors, and the completeness level of our data we obtain the most detailed resolved photometric study of M32 to date. The CMD of M32 displays a wide colour distribution of red giant branch stars, mainly due to a metallicity spread, a strong red clump and bright asymptotic giant branch stars. The detection of a “blue plume” in M32 indicates the presence of a very young stellar population. There is not a noticeable presence of blue horizontal branch stars, suggesting that an old population with [Fe/H] < −1.5 does not significantly contribute to the light or mass of M32 in our observed fields.
Stellar Populations and Kinematics in Spiral Galaxies
Authors: MacArthur Lauren A. , González J. Jesús , Courteau Stéphane , McDonald Michael 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present a detailed study of the stellar populations (SPs) and kinematics of the bulge and inner disk regions of nearby spiral galaxies (Sa-Sd) based on deep long-slit Gemini/GMOS data. We find that the SPs of spiral galaxies are not well matched by single episodes of star formation; representative SPs must involve average SP values integrated over the star formation history (SFH) of the galaxy, such as those derived from the “full population synthesis” method used here. Our spiral bulges follow the same correlations of increasing light-weighted age and metallicity with central velocity dispersion as those of elliptical galaxies and early-type bulges found in other studies, but when SFHs more complex and realistic than a single burst are invoked, the trend with age is shallower and its scatter much reduced. In a mass-weighted context, all bulges are predominantly composed of old and metal-rich SPs. Bulge formation appears to be dominated by early processes that are common to all spheroids, whether they currently reside in disks or not. While monolithic collapse cannot be ruled out in some cases, merging must be invoked to explain the SP gradients in most bulges. Further bulge growth via secular processes, or “rejuvenated” star formation, generally contributes minimally to the stellar mass budget. We also demonstrate how the combination of our full population synthesis modeling of high-quality optical spectra of integrated SPs along with optical-NIR broad-band imaging can single out potential model weaknesses and help determine the reliability of the inferred SFHs.
The influence of bars in the star formation history and chemical evolution of disk galaxies
Authors: Sánchez-Blázquez Patricia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis is a pilot study part of a larger program devoted to understand the influence of bars in the evolution of galaxy disks. Some of the goals of this observational program are to compare the stellar metallicity gradients of galaxies with and without bars, the role of bars in the redistribution of mass and angular momentum and to study the evolution of the metallicity gradients with time. Some promising results are presented as well as some words of caution.
The Evolution of Passive Galaxies since z=1: Major Mergers vs Secular Processes
Authors: López-Sanjuan Carlos , Balcells Marc , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Barro Guillermo , García-Dabó César Enrique , Gallego Jesús , Zamorano Jaime 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe study the evolution of the red sequence and the blue cloud since z ~ 1 to present in GOODS-S field for MB ≤ −20 and M* ≥ 1010M⊙ selected galaxies. We segregate the galaxies in early-type galaxies (ET, E/S0/Sa), and late-type galaxies (LT, Sb-Irr) by their position in the concentration-asymmetry plane, while in passive and star-forming by their rest-frame NUV – R color and their 24μm properties.We find that red sequence (passive early types) comoving number density rise with cosmic time in both samples, while blue cloud (star-forming late types) number density descent in luminosity-selected samples and increase in mass-selected sample. We also find a third population that comprises star-forming early-type galaxies.Comparing the observed evolution with the disk-disk (wet) major merger rate in GOODS-S, we infer that only ~20% of M* ≥ 1010M⊙ red sequence galaxies appeared since z = 1 can be explained by this kind of mergers, suggesting that minor mergers and secular evolution are the main processes in the red sequence evolution of M* ≥ 1010M⊙ galaxies since z ~ 1.
A Golden Decade for Stellar Populations?
Authors: Abraham Roberto G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPeople working on stellar populations can look forward to an exciting decade ahead. Investigations of stellar populations lie at the heart of the science cases being used to justify the development of upcoming telescopes and emerging instrumentation technologies. Examples abound, but I will focus on three case studies: (1) Wide field astronomy with upcoming ground-based and space-based survey facilities; (2) Adaptive optics, which has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of stellar populations in both nearby and distant galaxies; (3) The James Webb Space Telescope, which may well extend the reach of stellar population work to encompass the full range of the star-forming history of the Universe. However, most of these developments will require extensive advance preparation in order to be used effectively. The time to start that preparation is now (if not yesterday). Three areas which need urgent development are highlighted in these proceedings: (1) We need a wide-field high-resolution spectroscopic capability to augment wide-area imaging surveys; (2) We need a set of AO-friendly extragalactic deep fields in order to exploit upcoming AO-fed instrumentation; and (3) Existing tools for population synthesis modeling need to be extended in order to incorporate the effects of dust. Because the physics of dust creation and destruction is so complicated and uncertain, the latter capability sounds almost impossibly hard to develop, but in this talk I will argue that some simple approaches already exist that allow dust to be injected rather naturally into population synthesis models. I will show a concrete example where incorporation of dust into spectral synthesis models allows one to detect and characterize rate of formation of circumstellar disks at high redshifts.
VISTA variable survey in the Milky Way
Authors: Hempel M. , Minniti D. , Saito R. , Pietrukowicz P. , Lucas P. W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOver the next 5 years the VVV collaboration (Vista Variable in the Via Lactea) will conduct an extensive survey of the galactic bulge and disk in the near-IR, using the new VISTA telescope. This public survey covers a field of 520 sqr. deg, including not only regions of high star formation, but also 33 known globular clusters and ~350 open clusters. The final product will be a deep IR atlas in 5 passbands for ~109 point sources among which we expect 106 variable stars. These will be produce a 3-D map of the surveyed region using well-understood primary distance indicators such as RR Lyrae stars. The observations will be combined with data from MACHO, OGLE, EROS, VST, Spitzer, HST, Chandra, Integral, and ALMA for a complete understanding of the variable sources in the inner Milky Way. Several important implications for the history of the Milky Way, for globular cluster evolution, for the population census of the bulge and center, and for the pulsation theory will follow from this survey.
EAGLE Spectroscopy of Resolved Stellar Populations Beyond the Local Group
Authors: Evans Chris , Yang Yanbin , Puech Mathieu , Lehnert Matthew , Barker Michael , Ferguson Annette , Cuby Jean-Gabriel , Morris Simon , Rousset Gérard , Assémat François , Flores Hector 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe give an overview of the science case for spectroscopy of resolved stellar populations beyond the Local Group with the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). In particular, we present science simulations undertaken as part of the EAGLE Phase A design study for a multi–integral-field-unit, near-infrared spectrograph. EAGLE will exploit the unprecedented primary aperture of the E-ELT to deliver AO-corrected spectroscopy across a large (38.5 arcmin2) field, truly revolutionising our view of stellar populations in the Local Volume.
Synthesis of composite stellar populations models
Authors: Gomes Jean Michel , Cid Fernandes R. , Valls-Gabaud D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSpectral synthesis is largely used in the literature to decompose stellar populations with integrated light of galaxies as if the star formation histories (SFH) could be approximated by single bursts. In the case of our method (see http://www.starlight.ufsc.br/ for the SEAGal - Semi Empirical Analysis of Galaxies - collaboration), the starlight code combines the spectra of simple stellar populations (SSP) of different ages and metallicities, computed with high spectral resolution evolutionary synthesis models of Bruzual & Charlot (2003), to reproduce the observed spectrum of a given galaxy from which we can derived a huge amount of galaxy properties such as: the population vector, stellar mass, extinction and others. We have done that for all galaxies of the SDSS database. Despite all the results of astrophysical interest, we have decided to use continuous composite stellar models (CSP) with a single metallicity and a star formation rate ∝ τ−1e−t/τ, where t stands for the time that the star formation started (1, 5 and 13 Gyr ago) and τ is the attenuation factor chosen to be 1, 5, 10 and 99 Gyr. When the attenuation with respect to the time t is very low, this mimics a single burst, and when we choose it to be very large (99 Gyr), this is almost a constant star formation rate. We have perturbed each composite model spectrum 10 times with three distinct signal/noise ratios equal to 10, 15 and 30 in λ0 = 4020 Å. These models were inserted into our code to verify how a picture of single bursts deal with continuous composite models of galaxies. Our CSP models can be easily integrated in an analytical form. Therefore, we have derived theoretically the mean ages and metallicities and compared them to the output derived by the synthesis. We can see that the synthesized mean ages weighted by light tend to be lower than the models, due to the degeneracies involved in the problem. The same thing can be found for the mean metallicities weighted by light, which tend to be higher for the output values.
Stellar metallicity distributions in local dwarf spheroidal galaxies: a comparison between model and observations
Authors: Lanfranchi Gustavo A. , Matteucci Francesca 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe analyze the main populations of 6 local Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies by comparing the observed stellar metallicity distributions with the predictions of chemical evolution models. The predicted metallicity distributions of stars generally exhibit a low range of metallicities, a peak below the one of the MW disc in the solar neighborhood (but similar to the Halo), and a sharp decrease at higher metallicities in agreement with observations. The position of the peak is related to the low star formation rates adopted whereas the sharp decrease is a consequence of the occurrence of strong galactic winds. In the low metallicity tail of the distributions we predict a low number of stars in agreement with observations.
Maximum likelihood method for fitting the Fundamental Plane of the 6dF Galaxy Survey
Authors: Magoulas C. , Colless M. , Jones D. , Springob C. , Mould J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe have used over 10,000 early-type galaxies from the 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) to construct the Fundamental Plane across the optical and near-infrared passbands. We demonstrate that a maximum likelihood fit to a multivariate Gaussian model for the distribution of galaxies in size, surface brightness and velocity dispersion can properly account for selection effects, censoring and observational errors, leading to precise and unbiased parameters for the Fundamental Plane and its intrinsic scatter. This method allows an accurate and robust determination of the dependencies of the Fundamental Plane on variations in the stellar populations and environment of early-type galaxies.