bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyper‐Selective Posterior Fusion is Recommended When the Modified S‐Line is Positive in Lenke 5C Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Gu Qi , Bao Hongda , Shu Shibin , Zhang Xin , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivePostoperative coronal decompensation and less fusion level are dilemmas and the proper selective posterior fusion (SPF) strategy should be investigated. We proposed a parameter, modified S‐line, and aimed to investigate if the modified S‐line could predict postoperative coronal decompensation in patients with Lenke 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).MethodsThis is a retrospective radiographic study and Lenke 5C AIS patients undergoing SPF during the period from September 2017 to June 2021 were included. The modified S‐line was defined as the line linking the centers of the concave‐side pedicles of the upper end vertebra (UEV) and lower end vertebra (LEV) at baseline. A modified S‐line tilt to the right is established as modified S‐line+ (UEV being to the right of the LEV). The patients were further categorized into two groups: the Cobb to Cobb fusion group and the Cobb‐1 to Cobb fusion group. Outcomes including thoracic Cobb angle, TL/L Cobb angle, coronal balance, upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) translation, lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) translation, UIV tilt, LIV tilt, LIV disc angle, thoracic apical vertebral translation, lumbar apical vertebral translation (L‐AVT), L‐T AVT ratio, L‐T Cobb were measured at baseline, immediately after surgery, and the last follow‐up. Radiographic parameters and the incidence of both proximal and distal decompensation between the two groups were compared by chi‐square test.ResultsAmong 92 patients, 48 were modified S‐line+ and 44 were modified S‐line−. Modified S‐line+ status was identified as a risk factor for postoperative proximal decompensation (p = 0.005) during follow‐up. In Cobb to Cobb group, a higher occurrence of proximal decompensation in individuals with modified S‐line+ status (p = 0.001) was confirmed. Also, in the Cobb to Cobb group with baseline modified S‐line+ status, patients presenting decompensation showed a significantly larger baseline of the UIV tilt and postoperative disc angle below the lower instrumented vertebra. However, In Cobb‐1 group, the incidence of decompensation after surgery showed no association with baseline modified S‐line tilt status (p = 0.815 and 0.540, respectively).ConclusionThe modified S‐line could serve as an important parameter in surgical decision‐making for Lenke 5C AIS patients. Cobb to Cobb SPF is not recommended with a modified S‐line+ status, and the Cobb‐1 to Cobb fusion may serve as a potential alternative.
Effects of EGFR‐TKI on epidermal melanin unit integrity: Therapeutic implications for hypopigmented skin disorders
Authors: Xu Ping , Yang Lingli , Lai Sylvia , Yang Fei , Kuroda Yasutaka , Zhang Huimin , Tsuruta Daisuke , Katayama Ichiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEpidermal melanin unit integrity is crucial for skin homeostasis and pigmentation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is a pivotal player in cell growth, wound healing, and maintaining skin homeostasis. However, its influence on skin pigmentation is relatively unexplored. This study investigates the impact and underlying mechanisms of EGFR inhibitors on skin pigmentation. We evaluated EGF and EGFR expression in various skin cells using quantitative real‐time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. EGF and EGFR were predominantly expressed in epidermal keratinocytes, and treatment with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) gefitinib and PD153035 significantly increased stem cell factor (SCF) and endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) expression in cultured keratinocytes. Enhanced melanocyte migration and proliferation were observed in co‐culture, as evidenced by time‐lapse live imaging and single‐cell tracking assays. Furthermore, topical application of gefitinib to guinea pig dorsal skin induced increased pigmentation and demonstrated efficacy in mitigating rhododendrol‐induced leukoderma. Suppression of EGF signaling indirectly enhanced skin pigmentation by upregulating SCF and ET‐1 in epidermal keratinocytes. This novel mechanism highlights the pivotal role of EGF signaling in regulating skin pigmentation, and topical EGFR‐TKI therapy at an appropriate dose may be a promising approach for depigmentation disorder management.
Signing documents: Accountability politics and racialized suspicion in Africa's development audits
Authors: Hird‐Younger Miriam , O'Sullivan Sarah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGood governance policies in international development require nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to translate their programs into documents that render NGOs knowable and accountable to their donors. Drawing on multisited ethnographic fieldwork in Ghana and Uganda, we examine the signatures on these documents and the labor of NGO staff to obtain the signatures of aid recipients. We argue that signatures serve as mechanisms that NGO staff use to make their good governance practices traceable and to deter donor suspicion of funding misuse. Staff dedicate significant energy to imagining how signatures may or may not trigger donor suspicion. We posit that despite NGO staff's anxiety over getting signatures right—present, matching, and signed by the correct person—signatures can only ever defer donor suspicion. Such suspicion cannot be eliminated because it is deeply entrenched in racialized logics that position Global North donors as holding expertise and African NGOs as susceptible to corruption. Because NGO staff worry about donor suspicion rather than what aid recipients communicate with their (lack of) signatures, even fake signatures can circulate just as well as authentic ones. Tracing the social dynamics of collecting signatures sheds light on the racialized injustices inherent in Africa's development systems.
Harnessing Phytohormones: Advancing Plant Growth and Defence Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Ali Jamin , Mukarram Mohammad , Ojo James , Dawam Nancy , Riyazuddin Riyazuddin , Ghramh Hamed A. , Khan Khalid Ali , Chen Rizhao , Kurjak Daniel , Bayram Ahmet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhytohormones, pivotal regulators of plant growth and development, are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in enhancing crop resilience against environmental stresses. In this review, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of current research on utilizing phytohormones to enhance crop productivity and fortify their defence mechanisms. Initially, we introduce the significance of phytohormones in orchestrating plant growth, followed by their potential utilization in bolstering crop defences against diverse environmental stressors. Our focus then shifts to an in‐depth exploration of phytohormones and their pivotal roles in mediating plant defence responses against biotic stressors, particularly insect pests. Furthermore, we highlight the potential impact of phytohormones on agricultural production while underscoring the existing research gaps and limitations hindering their widespread implementation in agricultural practices. Despite the accumulating body of research in this field, the integration of phytohormones into agriculture remains limited. To address this discrepancy, we propose a comprehensive framework for investigating the intricate interplay between phytohormones and sustainable agriculture. This framework advocates for the adoption of novel technologies and methodologies to facilitate the effective deployment of phytohormones in agricultural settings and also emphasizes the need to address existing research limitations through rigorous field studies. By outlining a roadmap for advancing the utilization of phytohormones in agriculture, this review aims to catalyse transformative changes in agricultural practices, fostering sustainability and resilience in agricultural settings.
Plasticity and implications of water‐use traits in contrasting tropical tree species under climate change
Authors: Wittemann Maria , Mujawamariya Myriam , Ntirugulirwa Bonaventure , Uwizeye Felicien K. , Zibera Etienne , Manzi Olivier Jean Leonce , Nsabimana Donat , Wallin Göran , Uddling Johan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlants face a trade‐off between hydraulic safety and growth, leading to a range of water‐use strategies in different species. However, little is known about such strategies in tropical trees and whether different water‐use traits can acclimate to warming.We studied five water‐use traits in 20 tropical tree species grown at three different altitudes in Rwanda (RwandaTREE): stomatal conductance (gs), leaf minimum conductance (gmin), plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant), leaf osmotic potential (ψo) and net defoliation during drought. We also explored the links between these traits and growth and mortality data.Late successional (LS) species had low Kplant, gs and gmin and, thus, low water loss, while low ψo helped improve leaf water status during drought. Early successional (ES) species, on the contrary, used more water during both moist and dry conditions and exhibited pronounced drought defoliation. The ES strategy was associated with lower mortality and more pronounced growth enhancement at the warmer sites compared to LS species. While Kplant and gmin showed downward acclimation in warmer climates, ψo did not acclimate and gs measured at prevailing temperature did not change.Due to distinctly different water use strategies between successional groups, ES species may be better equipped for a warmer climate as long as defoliation can bridge drought periods.
Transcriptional reprogramming in sound‐treated Micro‐Tom plants inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoDC3000
Authors: Calderón Antonio A. , Almagro Lorena , Martínez‐Calderón Andrés , Ferrer María A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSound vibrations (SV) are known to influence molecular and physiological processes that can improve crop performance and yield. In this study, the effects of three audible frequencies (100, 500 and 1000 Hz) at constant amplitude (90 dB) on tomato Micro‐Tom physiological responses were evaluated 1 and 3 days post‐treatment. Moreover, the potential use of SV treatment as priming agent for improved Micro‐Tom resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was tested by microarray. Results showed that the SV‐induced physiological changes were frequency‐ and time‐dependent, with the largest changes registered at 1000 Hz at day 3. SV treatments tended to alter the foliar content of photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins, sugars, phenolic composition, and the enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Microarray data revealed that 1000 Hz treatment is effective in eliciting transcriptional reprogramming in tomato plants grown under normal conditions, but particularly after the infection with Pst DC3000. Broadly, in plants challenged with Pst DC3000, the 1000 Hz pretreatment provoked the up‐regulation of unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cell wall reinforcement, phenylpropanoid pathway and defensive proteins. In addition, in those plants, DEGs associated with enhancing plant basal immunity, such as proteinase inhibitors, pathogenesis‐related proteins, and carbonic anhydrase 3, were notably up‐regulated in comparison with non‐SV pretreated, infected plants. These findings provide new insights into the modulation of Pst DC3000‐tomato interaction by sound and open up prospects for further development of strategies for plant disease management through the reinforcement of defense mechanisms in Micro‐Tom plants.
Prevalence and burden of difficult‐to‐treat and severe asthma in Australia: A national population survey
Authors: Davis Sharon R. , Ampon Rosario D. , Poulos Leanne M. , Lee Taehoon , Marks Guy B. , Toelle Brett G. , Reddel Helen K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMost evidence about difficult‐to‐treat and severe asthma (DTTA) comes from clinical trials and registries. We aimed to identify people with DTTA from a large nationally representative asthma population and describe their characteristics and healthcare utilization compared with people whose asthma was not ‘difficult‐to‐treat’.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of Australians aged ≥18 years with current asthma from large web‐based survey panels. Enrolment was stratified by gender, age‐group and state/territory based on national population data for people with asthma. Difficult‐to‐treat or severe asthma was defined by poor symptom control, exacerbations and/or oral corticosteroid/biologic use despite medium/high‐dose inhaled therapy. Outcomes included exacerbations, healthcare utilization, multimorbidity, quality of life and coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related behaviour. Weighted data were analysed using SAS version 9.4.ResultsThe survey was conducted in February–March 2021. The weighted sample comprised 6048 adults with current asthma (average age 47.3 ± SD 18.1 years, 59.9% female), with 1313 (21.7%) satisfying ≥1 DTTA criteria. Of these, 50.4% had very poorly controlled symptoms (Asthma Control Test ≤15), 36.2% were current smokers, and 85.4% had ≥1 additional chronic condition, most commonly anxiety/depression. More than twice as many participants with DTTA versus non‐DTTA had ≥1 urgent general practitioner (GP) visit (61.4% vs. 27.5%, OR 4.8 [4.2–5.5, p < 0.0001]), or ≥1 emergency room visit (41.9% vs. 17.9%, OR 3.8 [3.3–4.4, p < 0.0001]) in the previous 12 months.ConclusionOur findings emphasize the burden of uncontrolled symptoms, current smoking, multimorbidity and healthcare utilization in people with DTTA in the community, who may be under‐represented in registries or clinical trials.
Suicidal ambivalence: A scoping review
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Siebert Annika Maria , Forkmann Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSuicidal ambivalence is considered a characteristic condition of suicidal individuals. At the same time, there is a lack of a uniform definition, conception and assessment of suicidal ambivalence. On this background, the current scoping review aims to explore the extent, range, and nature of research activity on suicidal ambivalence and to summarize research findings.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in four different databases (PubMed, Psychinfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) using an array of search terms (e.g., ambivalence, internal suicide debate, reasons for living and reasons for dying, wish to live and wish to die).ResultsIn total, 28 articles published between 1977 and 2023 were included in the scoping review. The study situation lacks a clear definition, conceptualization and operationalization of suicidal ambivalence. Nonetheless, suicidal ambivalence is a common experience in persons contemplating suicide and suicidal ambivalence seems to be present before, during and after a suicide attempt. Suicidal ambivalence is associated with diverse markers of negative/positive mental health as well as suicidal ideation and behavior.ConclusionResults point to the relevance of suicidal ambivalence. At the same time, there are large gaps in knowledge about the development, impact and therapeutic responsiveness of suicidal ambivalence.
The strength of a weak tie in the innovative performance of firms: A case of Korean high‐tech manufacturing small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Hong Jinki , Lee Raehyung , Ohm Jay Y. , Lee Duk Hee 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explores whether the ‘strength of weak ties’ theory, derived from social network theory, can equally apply to business activities. To address this question, we conduct an empirical analysis, utilising 3‐year panel data encompassing 3881 samples of Korean small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in the high‐tech manufacturing sector. The primary objective is to examine the effects of inter‐corporate tie strength on innovative performance. The results reveal an interesting pattern in high‐tech manufacturing corporations, where the strength of a tie demonstrates an inverted U‐shaped relationship with an SME's patent achievement. Moreover, we observe that the effect of tie strength on an SME's patent achievement is positively moderated by its research and development (R&D) intensity. Furthermore, when an SME maintains weak ties within its relationship with a large corporation, its innovative performance experiences a more positive impact than in cases where no relationship with a large corporation exists, or strong ties are maintained. These findings suggest that for SMEs, maintaining an appropriate level of embeddedness with large corporations is an effective strategy for generating sustained innovative performance within an environment characterised by active technological innovation and intense competition. The principal contribution of this paper lies in the empirical validation of the theory of weak ties concerning a firm's innovative performance.
The emergence of science teacher leadership in the context of the pursuit of teaching science for social justice
Authors: Lisy Emily , Campbell Todd , Park Byung‐Yeol 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a result of more recent events connected to the ongoing and lasting legacy of systemic racism in our society and the sparsity of research focused on both disciplinary teacher leadership (TL) and centering social justice and equity in teacher leadership literature reviews, this research investigated the ways in which science teacher leadership (STL) emerged in the context of a science department engaged in a year‐long professional learning experience aimed at teaching science for social justice. Drawing on a community of practice teacher leadership identity model as a theoretical framework and qualitative research methods, we sought to characterize STL that centered social justice. Written teacher reflections, semi‐structured interviews, and science lessons were collected from the six female science teachers and a female school administrator. The research revealed how STL supportive of teaching science for social justice was grounded in, among other characterizations of teacher leadership, competences like content and pedagogical knowledge, performances like inclusiveness and lesson design, and support from the structure of the year‐long professional learning, and engagement in a community of practice. This research provides insights into the complex characterization and emergence of STL.
Dynamics of cytomegalovirus‐specific T‐cell recovery in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients using a commercially available flow cytometry assay: A pilot study
Authors: Jacobs Samantha E. , Ibrahim Uroosa , Vega Akasha Barreto , Lagdameo Jonathan , Callahan Jacquelyn , Govindarajulu Usha , Gitman Melissa , Levine John E. , Rana Meenakshi , Keyzner Alla 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus‐specific T‐cell‐mediated immunity (CMV‐CMI) protects from CMV infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT), but to date, there is no validated measure of CMV immunity for this population.MethodsIn this prospective, observational, pilot study, CMV T‐cell responses were evaluated monthly and at onset of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) or CMV infection in CMV‐seropositive allo‐HCT recipients using a commercial flow cytometry assay, the CMV inSIGHT T‐Cell Immunity Panel (CMV‐TCIP). The primary endpoint was the time to first positive CMV‐TCIP, defined as percentage of interferon‐γ‐producing CD4+ or CD8+ CMV‐specific T cells >0.2%. Letermovir was prescribed from day +10 to ≥100.ResultsTwenty‐eight allo‐HCT recipients were enrolled. The median time to first positive CMV‐TCIP result was earlier for CD4+ (60 days [interquartile range, IQR 33‒148]) than for CD8+ T cells (96 days [IQR 33‒155]) and longer for haploidentical and mismatched transplant recipients (77 and 96 days, respectively) than for matched donors (45 and 33 days, respectively). CD4+ and CD8+ CMV‐CMI recovery was sustained in 10/10 (100%) and 10/11 (91%) patients, respectively, without GVHD, whereas CD4+ and/or CD8+ CMV‐CMI was lost in 4/6 and 2/6 patients, respectively, with GVHD requiring steroids. As a predictor of clinically significant CMV infection in patients with low‐level CMV reactivation, the sensitivity and negative predictive value of CMV‐TCIP were 90% and 87.5%, respectively, for CD4+ CMV‐TCIP and 66.7% and 62.5%, respectively, for CD8+ CMV‐TCIP.ConclusionsThere was significant variability in time to CMV‐CMI recovery post‐HCT, with slower recovery after haploidentical and mismatched HCT. CD4+ CMV‐CMI may protect against CS‐CMVi, but immunity may be lost with GVHD diagnosis and treatment.
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Pharmacology of drugs used in autoimmune dermatopathies in cats and dogs: A narrative review
Authors: Tham Heng L. , Davis Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImmunosuppressive drugs are the mainstay of treatment for many feline and canine autoimmune skin diseases, either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. Treatment with these drugs is often lifelong and may have long‐term consequences on the affected animal's overall quality‐of‐life. Clinicians need to understand the pharmacology of immunosuppressants in planning and executing the treatment regimen for the best possible clinical outcome, as well as reducing the risk of adverse effects. This review paper will focus on the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical uses and adverse effects of immunosuppressive drugs used to treat autoimmune dermatoses in cats and dogs. These include glucocorticoids, ciclosporin A, azathioprine, chlorambucil, mycophenolate mofetil, oclacitinib and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
The geometrically m$m$‐step solvable Grothendieck conjecture for affine hyperbolic curves over finitely generated fields
Authors: Yamaguchi Naganori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present some new results on the geometrically ‐step solvable Grothendieck conjecture in anabelian geometry. Specifically, we show the (weak bianabelian and strong bianabelian) geometrically ‐step solvable Grothendieck conjecture(s) for affine hyperbolic curves over fields finitely generated over the prime field. First of all, we show the conjecture over finite fields. Next, we show the geometrically ‐step solvable version of the Oda–Tamagawa good reduction criterion for hyperbolic curves. Finally, by using these two results, we show the conjecture over fields finitely generated over the prime field.
Delta‐points and their implications for the geometry of Banach spaces
Authors: Abrahamsen Trond A. , Aliaga Ramón J. , Lima Vegard , Martiny André , Perreau Yoël , Prochazka Antonín , Veeorg Triinu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe show that the Lipschitz‐free space with the Radon–Nikodým property and a Daugavet point recently constructed by Veeorg is in fact a dual space isomorphic to . Furthermore, we answer an open problem from the literature by showing that there exists a superreflexive space, in the form of a renorming of , with a ‐point. Building on these two results, we are able to renorm every infinite‐dimensional Banach space to have a ‐point. Next, we establish powerful relations between existence of ‐points in Banach spaces and their duals. As an application, we obtain sharp results about the influence of ‐points for the asymptotic geometry of Banach spaces. In addition, we prove that if is a Banach space with a shrinking ‐unconditional basis with , or if is a Hahn–Banach smooth space with a dual satisfying the Kadets–Klee property, then and its dual fail to contain ‐points. In particular, we get that no Lipschitz‐free space with a Hahn–Banach smooth predual contains ‐points. Finally, we present a purely metric characterization of the molecules in Lipschitz‐free spaces that are ‐points, and we solve an open problem about representation of finitely supported ‐points in Lipschitz‐free spaces.