bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Predictors Associated With Postoperative Chronic Knee Pain Following Total Knee Arthroplasty and the Effect on Patient Reported Outcomes at 6‐Months
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Leitch Gillian , Scott Chloe E. H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe aim was to identify independent variables associated with chronic knee pain (CKP) 6 months after knee arthroplasty (KA) and to determine whether CKP influenced improvement in patient reported outcomes measures (PROMs).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted over an 8‐year period and included 3310 patients with completed PROMs at 6 months postoperatively; with a mean age of 69.9 (standard deviation 9.3) and 1823 (55.1%) were females. The Oxford knee score (OKS) pain component score was used to define patients with CKP (≤ 14 points) at 6 months.ResultsThere were 551 (16.6%) patients with CKP. Gender (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.025), preoperative EQ‐5D (p = 0.010) and pain VAS (p < 0.001) as well as questions 2: washing (p = 0.006), 8: night pain (p = 0.001), 10: stability (p = 0.008) and 11: shopping (p = 0.047) of the OKS were independently associated CKP. The pre‐operative OKS total score (p = 0.542) was not independently associated with CKP. The risk of CKP was shown to vary from 3.0% to 30.5% when discriminatory threshold values were used in the pre‐operative responses to questions 2, 8, 10 and 11 of the OKS. Patients with CKP had significantly (p < 0.001) worse 6‐month OKS, EQ‐5D, EQ‐VAS, and pain VAS scores and improvements in scores relative to preoperative baseline that were potentially not clinically meaningful (OKS mean difference 2.6, 95% CI 2.1–3.2). Those with CKP were significantly less likely to be satisfied with their KA (odds ratio 0.076, p < 0.001): only 231 (42.9%) patients with CKP were satisfied.ConclusionsApproximately one‐in‐six (16.6%) patients had CKP at 6 months following KA, which was associated with significantly worse PROMs and lower satisfaction. Preoperative responses to four (2, 8, 10 and 11) of the pre‐operative OKS questions were independently associated with CKP. These questions could be used to inform patients of their risk of CKP (3.0%–30.5%) following KA and potentially with expectation modification this may improve their PROMs.Level of EvidenceRetrospective study, Level III.
Longitudinal Outcomes Among Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Canadian Retrospective Population‐Based Study
Authors: Qian Christina , Klimchak Alexa C. , Szabo Shelagh M. , Gooch Katherine L. , Dragan Roxana , Prior Heather J. , Mah Jean K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsThere are few long‐term studies evaluating clinical outcomes and mortality among individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD); particularly using longitudinal health administrative claims data, reflecting populations managed in typical clinical practice. This study aimed to characterize DMD outcomes via a population‐based database.MethodsPatients with DMD, diagnosed between 01/1979 and 03/2020 at ≤ 10 years of age, were identified using the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. De‐identified longitudinal administrative data from 1998 to 2020 were used to retrospectively assess frequencies and age at first observation of key DMD outcomes including scoliosis, cardiovascular‐related complications, severe respiratory‐related morbidities, and mortality. Survival analyses using Kaplan–Meier curves were used to describe attrition and estimate probability of patients remaining observation‐free by age.ResultsThis study included 198 patients with median (IQR) follow‐up of 9.6 (6.6–15.5) years. Corticosteroid use was observed in 26%, with a mean (SD) percentage of days covered of 31% (39%) from initiation to end of follow‐up. Scoliosis observations were captured in 18% (median[IQR] age 12 [11–15] years at first observation), severe respiratory‐related morbidities in 20% (14[6.5–18] years), and cardiovascular‐related complications in 32% of the cohort (12.5[2–20.5] years). Mortality was observed in 14% of the cohort. Kaplan–Meier curves estimated 15% mortality by age 20 years and 20% by 25 years.DiscussionIn a population‐based data set with decades of follow‐up, these data provide longitudinal observations of the substantial burden of DMD, and insight into contemporary estimates of mortality and treatment patterns in Canada.
A Fix‐And‐Optimize Matheuristic to Solve the Location‐Allocation of Vaccination Facilities: Case of Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Romero‐Mancilla Marisol S. , Mora‐Vargas Jaime , Ruiz Angel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTApproximately 755 million cases and 7 million deaths have been reported since the COVID‐19 pandemic. Based on the availability of vaccines to contain the spread of COVID‐19, various vaccination plans have been implemented globally, some more effective than others, depending on each country's social, territorial, economic, and political circumstances. In Mexico and other Latin American countries with similar situations, COVID‐19 vaccinations have almost exclusively relied on ephemeral mass vaccination facilities and existing healthcare infrastructure. However, other countries (e.g., the USA and Canada) have opted into pharmacy‐based immunization (PBI), which uses community and/or chain pharmacies as vaccination facilities to provide more accessible immunization services. This research aims to evaluate the feasibility and expected performance if PBI had been used in Mexico. Therefore, we propose a mathematical formulation to address the location–allocation problem underlying the pharmacy selection and the assignment of individuals to them. However, since commercial solvers cannot efficiently address the resulting formulation for real‐sized instances, the formulation is embedded into a heuristic fix‐and‐optimize scheme to explore the solution space more efficiently. The case of Jalisco, Mexico, is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Weight Stigma and Orthopedic Surgeons' Treatment Preferences for Patients With Obesity Who Are Candidates for Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Yonai Yaniv , Masarwa Rawan , Ben Natan Merav , Berkovich Yaron 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to examine how anti‐fat attitudes and attitudes toward obesity management influence orthopedic surgeons' treatment preferences for patients with obesity who are candidates for elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 150 orthopedic surgeons using a web‐based questionnaire. The survey included four sections: socio‐demographic data, the Antifat Attitudes Questionnaire (AFA) assessing biases related to obesity (dislike, fear of fatness, and beliefs about willpower), an adapted questionnaire on attitudes toward obesity management, and a custom section on treatment preferences.ResultsThe sample had a mean age of 43.4 years (SD = 9.7) and was predominantly male (70.7%). Participants exhibited moderate anti‐fat attitudes alongside positive views on obesity management. Stronger anti‐fat attitudes correlated with a preference for conservative treatments over surgery (r = 0.45 to r = 0.29, p < 0.001), whereas supportive attitudes toward obesity management were associated with less preference for conservative treatment (r = −0.53, p < 0.001). Male surgeons demonstrated higher anti‐fat attitudes and a greater inclination for conservative treatment than female surgeons. Regression analysis identified attitudes toward obesity management as a significant predictor of treatment preferences (β = −0.54, p < 0.001).ConclusionFindings highlight the impact of weight stigma on clinical decision‐making and emphasise the need for increased awareness and education to ensure equitable access to TKA for patients with obesity.
Fates of Diterpene Lactones in Storage Andrographis paniculata Extracts
Authors: Rattanaya Thiwa , Chuangrattanawan Chusanajit , Chootip Krongkarn , Pekthong Dumrongsak , Plubrukarn Anuchit 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionDiterpene lactones in Andrographis paniculata are essential bioactive compounds that contribute to the herb's medicinal properties. The main diterpene lactones in A. paniculata are andrographolide and its derivatives. Spontaneous degradation of the diterpene leads to a short‐term stability and casts a significant problem in storage and distribution of A. paniculata raw materials and products.ObjectiveTo determine the stability of diterpene lactones in A. paniculata extracts and their transformation dynamics.Materials and MethodsA 1H NMR‐based metabolomics workflow and HPLC‐based quantitative determination were used to map the stability profiles in A. paniculata extract stored in the standard storage conditions over a 6‐month period.ResultsQualitatively, NMR‐based PCA detected both descending and ascending dynamics in transformation of diterpene lactones in A. paniculata extracts over a 6‐month storage period. The contents of five lactone markers, compounds 1–5, in storage A. paniculata extracts were monitored to show that compounds 1 and 5 degraded with decelatory rates and presumably transformed via dehydration into compound 3, which otherwise increased also in a coherently decelatory manner. Lacking of the labile allylic hydroxyl group, compounds 2 and 4 were more stable and remained unchanged throughout the storage period.ConclusionThe short‐term stability of A. paniculata extracts and related products was primarily attributed to the dehydration of 1 and it allylic hydroxy analogs, for example, 5, into a diene as in 3. Compound 3 is hence recommended as a plausible candidate as the stability and age marker of A. paniculata raw materials and products.
Differences Between Unstimulated and Stimulated Human Male and Female Neutrophils in Protein and Phosphoprotein Profiles
Authors: Pilling Darrell , Consalvo Kristen M. , Kirolos Sara A. , Gomer Richard H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHuman males and females show differences in the incidence of neutrophil‐associated diseases and differences in neutrophil responses such as a faster response to the chemorepellent Ser‐Leu‐Ile‐Gly‐Lys‐Val‐NH2 (SLIGKV) in males. Little is known about the basis of sex‐based differences in human neutrophils. We used mass spectrometry to identify proteins and phosphoproteins in unstimulated human neutrophils and in neutrophils incubated with the SLIGKV, a protease‐activated receptor 2 agonist. There were 132 proteins with higher levels in unstimulated male neutrophils; these proteins tended to be associated with RNA regulation, ribosome, and phosphoinositide signaling pathways, whereas 30 proteins with higher levels in unstimulated female neutrophils were associated with metabolic processes, proteasomes, and phosphatase regulatory proteins. Unstimulated male neutrophils had increased phosphorylation of 32 proteins compared to females. After exposure to SLIGKV, male neutrophils showed a faster response in terms of protein phosphorylation compared to female neutrophils. Male neutrophils have higher levels of proteins and higher phosphorylation of proteins associated with RNA processing and signaling pathways. Female neutrophils have higher levels of proteins associated with metabolism and proteolytic pathways. This suggests that male neutrophils might be more ready to adapt to a new environment, and female neutrophils might be more effective at responding to pathogens.
Efficient Conversion from Atomic Spin Wave to Single Photon with Controllable Temporal Length
Authors: Lu Jiajin , Wang Minjie , Jiao Haole , Xi Mengqi , Yang Zhifang , Li Shujing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe single photons with controllable temporal length are essential to connect various heterogeneous nodes in quantum networks. The spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) process in atomic ensembles is a candidate for generating heralded single photon sources. However, efficient conversion from atomic spin waves to single photons with controllable temporal length has not yet been demonstrated experimentally. Here SRS is used in a cold atomic ensemble to generate Stokes photons, which herald the generation of the correlated atomic spin waves. By applying read pulses with adjustable duration to the atoms, the spin waves are converted to heralded single photons (anti‐Stokes photons) with controllable temporal length. The conversion efficiency from atomic spin waves to anti‐Stokes photons is improved by utilizing cavity enhancement. The heralded single photons are proved to be nonclassical and to be in a pure state when the photon duration ranges from 100 ns to 3 µs. The conversion efficiency of photons from atomic spin waves is () for the anti‐Stokes photon duration of 3 µs (100 ns). The research offers an experimental foundation for the interconnection of heterogeneous quantum nodes.
AquaVar decision support system for water resource management: Lessons learned from the first five years of operation
Authors: Picourlat Fanny , Ler Lian Guey , Targosz Jérémy , Game Paguedame , Amaou Tallé Hézouwé , Abily Morgan , Billaud Félix 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDecision support systems (DSS) based on physically based numerical models are standard tools used by water services and utilities. However, few DSS based on holistic approaches combining distributed hydrological, hydraulic, and hydrogeological models are operationally exploited. This holistic approach was adopted for the development of the AquaVar DSS, used for water resource management in the French Mediterranean Var watershed. The year 2019 marked the initial use of the DSS in its operational environment. Over the next 5 years, multiple hydrological events allowed to test the performance of the DSS. The results show that the tool is capable of simulating peak flows associated with two extreme rainfall events (storms Alex and Aline). For a moderate flood, the real‐time functionality was able to simulate forecast discharges 26 h before the flood peak, with a maximum local error of 30%. Finally, simulations for the drought period 2022–2023 highlighted the essential need for DSS to evolve in line with changing climatic conditions, which give rise to unprecedented hydrological processes. The lessons learned from these first 5 years of AquaVar use under operational conditions are synthesized, addressing various topics such as DSS modularity, evolution, data positioning, technology, and governance.
An Analysis of Students Who Represent Missed Opportunity for Diversifying STEM Fields
Authors: Masjutina Svetlana , Stearns Elizabeth , Bottia Martha Cecilia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough many students exhibit interest and demonstrate academic preparedness in math and science, a significant proportion of students do not major in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. These students encounter systemic barriers to STEM opportunities related to their intersecting gender and racial/ethnic identities. This study uses intersectionality theory and Tinto's model of student departure to explore students' academic and social experiences and investigate structural factors which restrict their access to STEM participation. Surveys and interviews with students from six universities in North Carolina revealed that STEM fields often fail to attract a broad range of students due to inadequate academic support and students' perceptions of these disciplines as unwelcoming or uninteresting. The findings offer practical recommendations for improving diversity in STEM majors and emphasize the critical need for universities to address diverse students' values and aspirations as well as actively promote the benefits and opportunities offered by science and STEM fields more broadly.
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback to Manage the Mental Health of Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Authors: Minjoz Séphora , Jeanne Rudy , Vercueil Laurent , Sabourdy Cécile , Sinniger Valérie , Bonaz Bruno , Hot Pascal , Pellissier Sonia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIrritable bowel syndrome [IBS] is classified as a disorder of gut‐brain interaction related to stress with no curative option. Heart rate variability biofeedback [HRV‐BFB] is a non‐drug therapy recently suggested to be relevant in reducing both autonomic nervous system [ANS] dysregulations and psychiatric comorbidities. Nevertheless, empirical evidence is still scarce and only a few studies have tested HRV‐BFB in adults with IBS. Our aims were therefore to examine the effectiveness of HRV‐BFB training on the psychophysiological states of 29 adults with IBS. The study took place in three sessions, spaced 24 days apart. In all sessions, participants completed self‐report questionnaires to assess their psychological state (affectivity, anxiety, depression, perceived stress, coping strategy, life satisfaction, illness cognitions), ANS measurements were then recorded of them at rest, during completion of a mental task (reactivity), and while in recovery following this task. The first 24‐day period was a control period without any practice, and the second was an intervention period with HRV‐BFB. Participants practiced HRV‐BFB daily for 5 min, three times a day, for 24 days. We found that HRV‐BFB reduced psychological distress and the feeling of helplessness, and led to a decrease in sympathetic reactivity during the mental task. Our findings support the potential relevance of HRV‐BFB to manage mental health in adults with IBS.
Surface Energy Tailored Reduced Graphene Oxide Top‐Coat for Vertical Alignment of High‐χ Block Copolymers for Sub‐10‐nm Nanopatterning
Authors: Yang Geon Gug , Lee Chan Woo , Kim Jin Goo , Kim In Ho , Han Kyu Hyo , Kim Jang Hwan , Choi Hee Jae , You Dong Won , Jin Hyeong Min , Kim Sang Ouk 
Published: February 2025

AbstractVertically aligned nanopatterns of high Flory‐Huggins parameter (χ) block copolymers (BCPs) are desirable for effective pattern transfer of sub‐10‐nm scale self‐assembled morphologies. To this end, BCP thin film is required to interface with neutralized surface energy at both substrate and free‐surface, among which neutralization of top free‐surface is generally more difficult without well‐defined substrate geometry. Therefore, various types of top‐coat layers have been developed, many of which, however, require complex synthetic processes or specifically designed equipment. In this work, a surface energy‐tailored reduced graphene oxide (rGO) top‐coat layer capable of achieving neutral surface conditions for high‐χ BCPs is presented. The surface energy of rGO can be precisely controlled by straightforward thermal reduction to attain neutral surface energy conditions for high‐χ BCPs. The versatile processability of rGO introduces intriguing features in top‐coat layers, facilitating area‐selective nanopatterning or multilayer stacked independently self‐assembled nanopatterning. Additionally, a large area rGO top‐coat layer is successfully implemented on various types of substrate materials, over which directed self‐assembly (DSA) of high‐χ BCPs can be attained for highly aligned vertical nanopatterns of sub‐10‐nm scale lamellar morphologies.
Photothermal Active‐Deicing Nanocoatings with Long‐Term Superhydrophobicity Based on In Situ Amorphous Polymers Design
Authors: Ju Guannan , Zhang Hongqian , Lu Qi , Zheng Xianfa , Li Xingen , Su Changhong , Jiang Jiahang , Zhang Lina , Cong Hailin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe photothermal superhydrophobic coating has garnered considerable attention owing to its captivating and promising deicing applications in an eco‐friendly and efficient way. However, designing an active‐deicing nanocoating with both mechanical stability, superhydrophobicity, and photothermal performance from molecular structure remains a challenge. Herein, a robust epoxy (EP)&polysiloxane (PS) photothermal superhydrophobic coating (EP&PS‐PSC) is constructed by combining hydrophilic EP and hydrophobic PS along with graphene nanosheets via phase separation and swelling treatment strategy. Notably, polar epoxy with lower volume shrinkage can effectively inhibit swelling‐type polymers to achieve subsequent micro‐/nanostructures construction. Besides, the epoxy can also provide strong interaction interactions between the micro‐/nanostructures. While non‐polar liquid silicon rubber provides a low surface energy for achieving composite micro‐/nanostructures. Furthermore, the as‐prepared EP&PS‐PSC exhibits exceptional mechanical stability (e.g., 100 cycled sandpaper linear abrasion with 100 g load) with a WCA of 154.9° ± 1.2° and a WSA of 4.8° ± 1.3°, which is beneficial to improve physicochemical stability and deicing performance. The combination of long‐term superhydrophobicity and photothermal capability results in a maximum temperature of 59.4 °C being achieved within 400 s under standard sunlight. This work offers a novel approach for the mass production and practical application of the superhydrophobic coating in the active deicing field.
Directed Anion Diffusion Induces Defect Passivation in 0D/3D Perovskite Single‐Crystal Heterostructures
Authors: Dong Shunhong , Xiao Han , Li Chunsen , Fu Huiting , Zheng Qingdong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract0D/3D perovskite heterostructures have been extensively utilized in optoelectronic devices. However, synthesizing 0D/3D heterostructures with well‐defined interfaces, high‐exposure crystal facet orientations, and high‐purity phases remains challenging due to their soft ionic nature, which complicates the understanding of ion defect passivation mechanisms in these heterostructure systems. In this study, a one‐step vapor‐phase epitaxial growth of pure‐phase 0D/3D single‐crystal heterostructures is reported with well‐defined interfaces. Through a combination of various in situ measurements and theoretical calculations, it is elucidated that defect passivation in the heterostructure arises from the diffusion of bromide anions in the 0D phase across the interface, effectively compensating for vacancies in the 3D component. The 0D/3D heterostructures exhibit enhanced stability in their physical and optical properties compared to pure 3D perovskites. Furthermore, the observed decrease in bromide anion kinetic energy (from 0D to 3D heterointerface) in 0D/3D provides direct evidence of the bromide‐rich form of the 3D component. As anticipated, the bulk defect density in the 0D/3D heterostructures is estimated to be an order of magnitude lower than that of pure 3D single crystals. As the first systematic study utilizing a 0D/3D heterostructure model to explore defect self‐passivation mechanisms, this work offers crucial insights for designing high‐performance perovskite devices.