bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ethnic diversity on child labor: Empirical evidence from Ghana
Authors: Adabor Opoku , Ayesu Enock Kojo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the persistent global problems today is child labor with the current estimates indicating that 160 million children were in child labor as at the beginning of 2020. To reduce child labor, it is important to unearth the factors that influence it for policy implementation. We contribute to the literature and policy by examining the impact of ethnic diversity on child labor, while considering the mediating effects of informal work and household poverty. Using ethnic fractionalization and polarization indexes, we find that a unit increase in ethnic diversity is associated with an increase in child labor. Gender‐wise, we find the effect to be bigger for male child workers. Based on location, we find that the effect is pronounced for working children living in rural areas. Also, our mediation analysis shows that informal work, and household poverty are the pathways through which ethnic diversity increases child labor.
Synthesis of Nanocomposite Based Polysaccharide and Performance Evaluation for the Removal of Various Drug from Pharmaceuticals Wastewater
Authors: Moradi Omid , Mhdavi Samira , Sedaghat Sajjad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study performed synthesis and characterization nanocomposite based polysaccharide Chitosan/Agar and Chitosan/Agar/SiO2 nanoparticles as adsorbents for remove amoxicillin and naproxen as the pharmaceuticals from an aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of nanocomposite were investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE‐SEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). The removal performance of the Chitosan/Agar and Chitosan/Agar/SiO2 nanoparticles nanocomposite as adsorbent for removing amoxicillin and naproxen as sample of pharmaceutical industry effluents in aqueous solutions was investigated under different influence factors, including contact time, initial concentration, pH conditions and temperature. The maximum adsorption removal for amoxicillin with Agar/Chitosan and Agar/Chitosan/SiO2 nanocomposite at initial concentrations of 20 mg/l was 97.85 % and 87.9 %, respectively. With increasing temperature from 10 to 30°C, the removal efficiency for naproxen for both adsorbents is 99 %. The prepared nanocomposites showed good performance in adsorbing naproxen and amoxicillin. The maximum adsorption efficiency of nanocomposite was 99 % and 91 % for naproxen and amoxicillin, respectively. The optimum condition for pharmaceuticals removal by the nanocomposite was initial concentration: 20 mg/l, adsorbent dose: 0.05 g, contact time: 10 min, and pH=6.
Defect‐Rich Metastable MoS2 Promotes Macrophage Reprogramming in Breast Cancer: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Cui Mingyue , Qian Lulu , Lu Ke , Liu Jinjin , Chu Binbin , Wu Xiaofeng , Dong Fenglin , Song Bin , He Yao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial function in solid tumor antigen clearance and immune suppression. Notably, 2D transitional metal dichalcogenides (i.e., molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanozymes) with enzyme‐like activity are demonstrated in animal models for cancer immunotherapy. However, in situ engineering of TAMs polarization through sufficient accumulation of free radical reactive oxygen species for immunotherapy in clinical samples remains a significant challenge. In this study, defect‐rich metastable MoS2 nanozymes, i.e., 1T2H‐MoS2, are designed via reduction and phase transformation in molten sodium as a guided treatment for human breast cancer. The as‐prepared 1T2H‐MoS2 exhibited enhanced peroxidase‐like activity (≈12‐fold enhancement) than that of commercial MoS2, which is attributed to the charge redistribution and electronic state induced by the abundance of S vacancies. The 1T2H‐MoS2 nanozyme can function as an extracellular hydroxyl radical generator, efficiently repolarizing TAMs into the M1‐like phenotype and directly killing cancer cells. Moreover, the clinical feasibility of 1T2H‐MoS2 is demonstrated via ex vivo therapeutic responses in human breast cancer samples. The apoptosis rate of cancer cells is 3.4 times greater than that of cells treated with chemotherapeutic drugs (i.e., doxorubicin).
Evolutionarily ancient deep‐water seep communities in the Eocene Tethys: examples from Buje (Croatia)
Authors: Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Birgel Daniel , Kaim Andrzej , Peckmann Jörn , Kiel Steffen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe report a newly discovered hydrocarbon seep deposit from the Eocene bathyal flysch, exposed in the town of Buje in Istria, Croatia. Molecular fossils of methane‐oxidizing prokaryotes and abundant banded botryoidal cements indicate strong fluid flux at this site. We systematically describe the fauna of this and another seep deposit previously reported from Buje. The faunal assemblages are composed of eight species, these being an unidentified solemyid protobranch bivalve, the nuculid Nucula bowerbanki?, the nuculanid Nuculana? sp., the mytilid Brachidontes? amanoi sp. nov., the two thyasirids Channelaxinus dinaricus sp. nov. and Thyasira histriaensis sp. nov., the lucinid bivalve Amanocina bujensis sp. nov., and a possible provannid gastropod. The two assemblages are of low diversity (4 and 5 species, respectively), and are dominated by chemosymbiotic species whose occurrence is largely restricted to seeps. Despite their spatial and stratigraphic proximity, the two deposits share only a single species, Channelaxinus dinaricus, probably due to different fluid flux regimes at both seeps. The Buje seep assemblages are among the very few Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene chemosynthesis‐based faunal assemblages from the Tethys Ocean (the others being Late Cretaceous vent assemblages from Cyprus). From an evolutionary perspective, the Buje seep communities consist of genera with Mesozoic origins but lack Cenozoic novelties such as bathymodiolin mussels and vesicomyid clams, which are known from coeval deposits from the Pacific and dominate vents and seeps today. Thus, the Buje seep fauna support previous assertions that the Eocene Tethyan seep faunas preserved an ancient aspect, whereas evolutionary novelties arose in the Pacific.
A trust distributed learning (D‐NWDAF) against poisoning and byzantine attacks in B5G networks
Authors: Ben Saad Sabra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBeyond 5G networks, (B5G) introduce the emergence of a smart service and an automate management archetype of running network slices, such as the network data analytics function (NWDAF). These new architectures provide a large usage of advanced machine learning algorithms, in order to dynamically build efficient decisions. In this perspective, the Distributed Learning (D‐), known as A Distributed NWDAF Architecture (D‐NWDAF) has proved its efficiency in not only building collaborative deep learning models, among several network slices, but also ensuring the privacy and isolation of such network slices. Notwithstanding, FL is vulnerable to different attacks, where FL nodes (Leaf NWDAF: AI‐VNFs*) may upload malicious updates to the FL central (root NWDAF) entity so that it can cause a construction failure of the FL global model and affect the global performance. Moreover, attacks detection of FL‐based solutions give “black‐box” decisions about the performance of running network slices and the attacks detected. In other words, detection solutions do not provide any details about why and how such ML attacks decisions were made. Thus, such decisions cannot be properly trusted and comprehended by B5G slice managers. To resolve this issue, we leverage Dimensional Reduction (DR) and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) algorithms which aim to detect attacks and improve the transparency of black‐box FL attacks detection‐making process. In the present article, we design a novel DR‐XAI‐powered framework to detect attacks and explain the FL‐based attacks detection. We first build a deep learning model in a federated way, to predict key performance indicators (KPI) of network slices. Then, we try to detect the malicious FL nodes, using DR and several XAI models, such as RuleFit, in order to enhance the level of trustiness, transparency, and the explanation of the FL‐based attacks detection, while adhering the data privacy, to different B5G network stakeholders.
Axial compressive behavior of fire‐damaged RC column strengthened with ECC‐CFRP grid
Authors: Wu Jing‐hui , Shang Xing‐yan , Zhang Shi , Yan Kai , Xu Fang‐zheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo study the axial compressive performance of fire‐damaged reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened by engineered cementitious composites (ECC) combined with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) grids, eight RC columns were designed and fabricated to analyze the effects of fire exposure time, thickness of the strengthening layer, incorporation of the CFRP grid, and subjecting the strengthening layer to direct compression on the axial compressive performance of the strengthened columns by conducting fire and compressive tests. It was found that the ECC‐CFRP grid strengthening significantly increased the axial compressive load and axial deformation of the columns; the bearing capacity of the strengthened column subjected to fire for a longer period of time was lower under the same strengthening condition; when the thickness of the strengthening layer was increased, the load‐carrying capacity and axial deformation of the column were enhanced; the addition of CFRP grids could further improve the mechanical properties of the repaired column; when the strengthening layer was directly compressed, the axial deformation was significantly reduced, although the bearing capacity would be further increased. An analytical model of the strengthened column was established using the ABAQUS software, and a formula for calculating the bearing capacity of the strengthened column was derived.
A Chemical Mechanism for the Bistable‐to‐Oscillatory Transition in Colloidal Aggregates of Silver Phosphate
Authors: Sánchez‐Farrán María Antonieta , Borhan Ali , Sen Ayusman , Crespi Vincent H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe previously reported collective behavior in colloidal aggregates of silver phosphate in H2O2 and under UV light. Diffusiophoretic interactions between aggregates lead to non‐linear behavior such as oscillations and synchronization, in which oscillation frequencies increase with H2O2 concentration. The aggregates transition between schooling and dispersed behaviors with incipient spatiotemporal correlations. We identified a kinetic model that maps the chemical species that are thought to underlie non‐linear phenomena in the colloidal aggregates, i. e. adsorbed oxygen species *OOH− and *O. We investigate the emergent dynamics for the simplest case, the coupling of two otherwise bistable clusters. Two coupling schemes are proposed and we find that – depending on whether the coupling is excitatory or inhibitory – the clusters may oscillate with zero or π phase shift.
The comparative advantage of urban goat production
Authors: Desta Takele Taye 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundUrban agriculture significantly contributes to food security. The two primary components of urban agriculture are livestock production and horticulture. The goat, Capra hircus, is one of the commonly raised food animals. Goats can be used to generate income, produce milk, meat, skins, furs (hairs) and manure and provide various sociocultural and ecological services.ObjectivesThis study evaluates the significance of urban goat production and recommends ways to lessen the adverse impacts of urban goat production.MethodsThis report involved an in‐depth interview with seven key informants in Adama and Addis Ababa cities.ResultsGoats can thrive in limited urban open spaces, scavenge leftovers from homes and open markets and browse on open public land. Goats can be incorporated into urban agriculture, in so doing contributing to a circular economy. Goats can thrive on a limited supply of water and feed and require less care and space. Goat farming is used to mitigate the adverse impact of climate change. Goats are naturally active, which makes them better at avoiding traffic accidents. Goats can be used to control bush encroachment. Goat farming in cities improves land use efficiency and food security. Being friendly animals, goats can be utilized to play with kids, and they can be a basic piece of metropolitan ecotourism. However, goats can harm urban green spaces; therefore, to avoid issues of this kind, goat production must be zoned.ConclusionsUrban goat farming could add a new dimension to urban food security. Extensive pieces of empirical evidence need to be generated to enhance the adoption of urban goat farming.
Entscheidend ist, was rauskommt
Authors: Nödler Karsten 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungIdentifikation und Bewertung gewässerrelevanter Abbauprodukte von Pharmawirkstoffen sowie eine zielgerichtete Kommunikation dieser Inhalte an Überwachungsbehörden und assoziierte Labore sollten selbstverständlich zum absoluten Mindeststandard der Herstellerverantwortung gehören. Dazu gehört auch die Bereitstellung von MS2‐Spektren sowie isotopenmarkierten internen Standards. Bislang ist hier zu viel Detektivarbeit engagierter Fachleute aus der Umwelt‐ und Wasserchemie nötig.
Intuitionistic sets and numbers: small set theory and Heyting arithmetic
Authors: Shapiro Stewart , McCarty Charles , Rathjen Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It has long been known that (classical) Peano arithmetic is, in some strong sense, “equivalent” to the variant of (classical) Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (including choice) in which the axiom of infinity is replaced by its negation. The intended model of the latter is the set of hereditarily finite sets. The connection between the theories is so tight that they may be taken as notational variants of each other. Our purpose here is to develop and establish a constructive version of this. We present an intuitionistic theory of the hereditarily finite sets, and show that it is definitionally equivalent to Heyting Arithmetic , in a sense to be made precise. Our main target theory, the intuitionistic small set theory is remarkably simple, and intuitive. It has just one non-logical primitive, for membership, and three straightforward axioms plus one axiom scheme. We locate our theory within intuitionistic mathematics generally.
Preclinical targeting of liver fibrosis with a 89Zr-labeled Fibrobody® directed against platelet derived growth factor receptor-β
Authors: Muns Joey A. , Schooten Erik , van Dasselaar Rychon D. J. , Noordman Yvet E. , Adamzek Kevin , Eibergen Arthur C. , Pronk Sebas D. , Cali Sagel , Sijbrandi Niels J. , Merkul Eugen , Oliveira Sabrina , van Bergen en Henegouwen Paul M.P. , Takkenberg R. Bart , Verheij Joanne , van de Graaf Stan F.J. , Nijmeijer Bart A. , van Dongen Guus A.M.S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Hepatic fibrosis develops as a response to chronic liver injury, resulting in the formation of fibrous scars. This process is initiated and driven by collagen-producing activated myofibroblasts which reportedly express high levels of platelet derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ). We therefore regard PDGFRβ as an anchor for diagnosis and therapy. The Fibrobody® SP02SP26-ABD is a biparatopic VHH-construct targeting PDGFRβ. Here, we explore its potential as a theranostic vector for liver fibrosis.

Methods
Specificity, cross-species binding, and cellular uptake of SP02SP26-ABD was assessed using human, mouse and rat PDGFRβ ectodomains and PDGFRβ-expressing cells. Cellular uptake by PDGFRβ-expressing cells was also evaluated by equipping the Fibrobody® with auristatinF and reading out in vitro cytotoxicity. The validity of PDGFRβ as a marker for active fibrosis was confirmed in human liver samples and 3 mouse models of liver fibrosis (DDC, CCl4, CDA-HFD) through immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. After radiolabeling of DFO*-SP02SP26-ABD with 89Zr, its in vivo targeting ability was assessed in healthy mice and mice with liver fibrosis by PET-CT imaging, ex vivo biodistribution and autoradiography.

Results
SP02SP26-ABD shows similar nanomolar affinity for human, mouse and rat PDGFRβ. Cellular uptake and hence subnanomolar cytotoxic potency of auristatinF-conjugated SP02SP26-ABD was observed in PDGFRβ-expressing cell lines. Immunohistochemistry of mouse and human fibrotic livers confirmed co-localization of PDGFRβ with markers of active fibrosis. In all three liver fibrosis models, PET-CT imaging and biodistribution analysis of [89Zr]Zr-SP02SP26-ABD revealed increased PDGFRβ-specific uptake in fibrotic livers. In the DDC model, liver uptake was 12.15 ± 0.45, 15.07 ± 0.90, 20.23 ± 1.34, and 20.93 ± 4.35%ID/g after 1,2,3 and 4 weeks of fibrogenesis, respectively, compared to 7.56 ± 0.85%ID/g in healthy mice. Autoradiography revealed preferential uptake in the fibrotic (PDGFRβ-expressing) periportal areas.

Conclusion
The anti-PDGFRβ Fibrobody® SP02SP26-ABD shows selective and high-degree targeting of activated myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis, and qualifies as a vector for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Improved efficacy and safety of zanubrutinib versus ibrutinib in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (R/R CLL) in China: a subgroup of ALPINE
Authors: Zhou Keshu , Wang Tingyu , Pan Ling , Xu Wei , Jin Jie , Zhang Wei , Hu Yu , Hu Jianda , Feng Ru , Li Ping , Liu Zhougang , Liu Peng , Jing Hongmei , Gao Sujun , Zhang Huilai , Yu Kang , Wang Zhao , Zhu Xiongpeng , Sun Zimin , Li Fei , Yan Dongmei , Weng Jianyu , Fu Lina , Wang Liping , Salmi Tommi , Wu Kenneth , Qiu Lugui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) has different epidemiology in Chinese vs. Western patients, but there are few studies of CLL/SLL in large populations of Chinese patients. ALPINE is a global phase 3 trial investigating Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors zanubrutinib vs. ibrutinib to treat relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL/SLL. Here we report results from the subgroup of Chinese patients. Adults with R/R CLL/SLL were randomized 1:1 to receive zanubrutinib (160 mg twice-daily) or ibrutinib (420 mg once-daily) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Data were analyzed descriptively. Ninety patients were randomized in China (zanubrutinib, n = 47; ibrutinib, n = 43). Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups, with fewer male patients in the zanubrutinib vs. ibrutinib group (55.3% vs. 69.8%). Median age was 60.5 years, 11% had del(17p) mutation, and 32% had tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation. With median 25.3 months follow-up, ORR was 80.9% with zanubrutinib vs. 72.1% with ibrutinib. PFS was improved with zanubrutinib vs. ibrutinib (HR = 0.34 [95% CI, 0.15, 0.77]), and the HR for OS was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.14, 1.50). Rates of Grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; 64.4% vs. 72.1%), AEs leading to discontinuation (6.4% vs. 14.0%), and serious TEAEs (35.6% vs. 51.2%) were lower with zanubrutinib vs. ibrutinib. Zanubrutinib demonstrated improved ORR, PFS, and OS vs. ibrutinib and a more favorable safety profile in patients with R/R CLL/SLL in China. These results are consistent with the full global population of ALPINE. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03734016, registered November 7, 2018.
Silvopastoral transitions in Latin America: toward diverse perennial systems
Authors: Picasso V. , Pizarro D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAgroecosystems with greater diversity and perenniality have been proposed to promote resilience to climate change, stability of production, multiple ecosystem services, and socioeconomic outcomes. A wide diversity of silvopastoral systems have been promoted in Latin America for their production and environmental outcomes. In this brief perspective article, we discuss the implications of different trajectories towards silvopastoral systems within the framework of ecological intensification. Transitioning from agricultural systems dominated by annual crops towards complex silvopastoral systems integrating multiple perennial species and livestock constitutes a clear trajectory of ecological intensification. In the context of the tropical dry forests and Amazon rainforests, re-introducing native trees into degraded sown pastures to establish silvopastoral systems increases biodiversity, perenniality, and ecosystem services. In contrast, in the context of native grasslands, plantations of exotic trees for timber or silvopastoral systems reduce biodiversity and ecosystem services. Therefore, transitioning to silvopastoral systems is not always a trajectory of ecological intensification but depends on the contexts and native ecosystems.
The Impact of Export Concentration on the Ecological Footprint in the European Union
Authors: van den Wall Bake Kiri , Can Muhlis , Brusselaers Jan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the impact of export product concentration on the ecological footprint in the European Union between 1995 and 2018, using the environmental Kuznets curve framework. We utilized the pooled mean group/autoregressive distributed lag approach, which confirmed the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis within the European Union. In addition, our findings reveal that export concentration has a negative impact on the ecological footprint, whereas energy consumption increases the ecological footprint. To further validate the obtained results, we conducted robustness checks using the fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares approaches, which validated the previous outcomes of the pooled mean group/autoregressive distributed lag approach. In the last step of our study, we employed the Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality analysis, which revealed a bidirectional causality involving the ecological footprint and energy consumption. These empirical findings directly result in valuable recommendations for policymakers.
Multi-technique characterization and thermal degradation study of epoxy modified resins designed for multifunctional applications
Authors: Ciprioti S. Vecchio , Raimondo M. , Vertuccio L. , Calabrese E. , Aliberti F. , Guadagno L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTetraglycidyl methylene dianiline (TGMDA) was mixed with 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDE) (in a 4:1 mass ratio) and with a stoichiometric amount of the curing agent diaminodiphenyl sulfone which was solubilized at 120 °C for 20 min in the liquid mixture TGMDA + BDE. The so obtained unfilled epoxy resin matrix, denoted as ER, was blended with glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and carbon nanotubes in suitable proportions to obtain binary and ternary mixtures. Characterization of the formulated materials was performed using different experimental techniques, such as Dynamic mechanical analysis, Thermogravimetry (TG), Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the investigation of the flame behavior was carried out by the limiting oxygen index and mass loss calorimeter measurements. Direct current measurements and investigation by Tunneling atomic force microscopy of the conductive nanodomain map allowed the evaluation of the electrical properties of the developed nanofilled systems. The TG data related to thermal decomposition of ER and its binary and ternary mixtures were processed according to isoconversional kinetic analysis by assuming a non-Arrhenian behavior of the temperature function, and lifetime prediction was estimated at suitable relatively low temperatures and possible relation between the thermal stability and the presence of each component was discussed. This method of kinetic analysis paves the way for the possibility of evaluating in a more realistic way, on the basis of thermal stability, the potential application of structural resins with primary load functions in contact with hot areas of aeronautical aircraft engines.