bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A large‐scale study of the association between biopsy results and clinical manifestations in patients with suspicion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hsieh Chung‐Chan , Wang Wen‐Hung , Lin Yen‐Chun , Weng Hsu‐Huei , Lee Kam‐Fai 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This study investigated the association between the results of nasopharyngeal (NPX) biopsies and clinical manifestations in patients with suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:Four hundred seventy‐three patients with 512 NPX biopsies were enrolled. The statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate clinical significance and screening performance for suspected NPC.Results:The negative rate of all NPX biopsies was 69.7% (345/495), and the majority of the noncancerous group revealed lymphoid hyperplasias (208/345, 60.3%). The three diagnostic capabilities of NPX mass, epistaxis (EPI), neck mass (NM), EPI‐NM, EPI‐NPX mass, NM‐NPX mass, and EPI‐NM‐NPX mass were 0.595, 0.557, 0.735, 0.609, 0.566, 0.748, and 0.600, respectively.Conclusions:Although NPX mass, EPI, and NM were significant to identify suspected NPC, the diagnostic capabilities of combining EPI, NM, and NPX were still low. A large number of noncancerous biopsy results were obtained due to lymphoid hyperplasias often being mistaken as NPC. Laryngoscope, 2012
Gene expression profiles of vitrified in vitro‐ and in vivo‐derived bovine blastocysts
Authors: Aksu Digdem Aktoprakligil , Agca Cansu , Aksu Soner , Bagis Haydar , Akkoc Tolga , Caputcu Arzu Tas , Arat Sezen , Taskin Ali Cihan , Kizil Sedat H. , Karasahin Tahir , Akyol Numan , Satilmis Muharrem , Sagirkaya Hakan , Ustuner Burcu , Nur Zekeriya , Agca Yuksel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVitrification is becoming a preferred method for pre‐implantation embryo cryopreservation. The objective of this study was to determine the differentially expressed genes of in vivo‐ and in vitro‐produced bovine embryos after vitrification. In vitro‐ (IVF) and in vivo‐derived (IVV) bovine blastocysts were identified as follows: in vitro‐produced fresh (IVF‐F), in vitro‐produced vitrified (IVF‐V), in vivo‐derived fresh (IVV‐F), in vivo‐derived vitrified (IVV‐V). The microarray results showed that 53 genes were differentially regulated between IVF and IVV, and 121 genes were differentially regulated between fresh and vitrified blastocysts (P < 0.05). There were 6, 268, 962, and 17 differentially regulated genes between IVF‐F × IVV‐F, IVF‐V × IVV‐V, IVF‐F × IVF‐V, and IVV‐F × IVV‐V, respectively (P < 0.05). While gene expression was significantly different between fresh and vitrified IVF blastocysts (P < 0.05), it was similar between fresh and vitrified IVV blastocysts. Significantly up‐regulated KEGG pathways included ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, spliceosome, and oocyte meiosis in the fresh IVF blastocyst samples, while sphingolipid and purine metabolisms were up‐regulated in the vitrified IVF blastocyst. The results showed that in vitro bovine blastocyst production protocols used in this study caused no major gene expression differences compared to those of in vivo‐produced blastocysts. After vitrification, however, in vitro‐produced blastocysts showed major gene expression differences compared to in vivo blastocysts. This study suggests that in vitro‐produced embryos are of comparable quality to their in vivo counterparts. Vitrification of in vitro blastocysts, on the other hand, causes significant up‐regulation of genes that are involved in stress responses. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 613–625, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A full‐discontinuous Galerkin formulation of nonlinear Kirchhoff–Love shells: elasto‐plastic finite deformations, parallel computation, and fracture applications
Authors: Becker G. , Noels L. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYBecause of its ability to take into account discontinuities, the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method presents some advantages for modeling cracks initiation and propagation. This concept has been recently applied to three‐dimensional simulations and to elastic thin bodies. In this last case, the assumption of small elastic deformations before cracks initiation or propagation reduces drastically the applicability of the framework to a reduced number of materials.To remove this limitation, a full‐DG formulation of nonlinear Kirchhoff–Love shells is presented and is used in combination with an elasto‐plastic finite deformations model. The results obtained by this new formulation are in agreement with other continuum elasto‐plastic shell formulations.Then, this full‐DG formulation of Kirchhoff–Love shells is coupled with the cohesive zone model to perform thin body fracture simulations. As this method considers elasto‐plastic constitutive laws in combination with the cohesive model, accurate results compared with the experiments are found. In particular, the crack path and propagation rate of a blasted cylinder are shown to match experimental results. One of the main advantages of this framework is its ability to run in parallel with a high speed‐up factor, allowing the simulation of ultra fine meshes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new hole insertion method for level set based structural topology optimization
Authors: Dunning Peter D. , Alicia Kim H. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYStructural shape and topology optimization using level set functions is becoming increasingly popular. However, traditional methods do not naturally allow for new hole creation and solutions can be dependent on the initial design. Various methods have been proposed that enable new hole insertion; however, the link between hole insertion and boundary optimization can be unclear. The new method presented in this paper utilizes a secondary level set function that represents a pseudo third dimension in two‐dimensional problems to facilitate new hole insertion. The update of the secondary function is connected to the primary level set function forming a meaningful link between boundary optimization and hole creation. The performance of the method is investigated to identify suitable parameters that produce good solutions for a range of problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconnaissance and Autonomy for Small Robots (RASR) team: MAGIC 2010 challenge
Authors: Lacaze Alberto , Murphy Karl , Del Giorno Mark , Corley Katrina 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe Reconnaissance and Autonomy for Small Robots (RASR) team developed a system for the coordination of groups of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) that can execute a variety of militarily relevant missions in dynamic urban environments. Historically, UGV operations have been primarily performed via teleoperation, requiring at least one dedicated operator per robot, and requiring substantial real‐time bandwidth to accomplish those missions. Our team goal for entering the MAGIC 2010 competition was to develop a system that can provide practical long‐term value to the war‐fighter. To that end, we self‐imposed a set of constraints that would force us to develop technology that could readily be used by the military in the near term:

Use a relevant (deployed) platform

Use low‐cost, reliable sensors

Develop an expandable and modular control system with innovative software algorithms to minimize the computing footprint required

Minimize required communications bandwidth and handle communication losses

Minimize additional power requirements to maximize battery life and mission duration

© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The human mitochondrial transcriptome and the RNA‐binding proteins that regulate its expression
Authors: Rackham Oliver , Mercer Timothy R. , Filipovska Aleksandra 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe human mitochondrial transcriptome, although produced from a small and compact genome, has revealed surprising complexity in its composition and regulation. Wide variation between individual tRNAs, mRNAs, and rRNAs indicate the importance of post‐transcriptional processing, maturation, and degradation mechanisms in the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression. RNA‐binding proteins play essential roles in controlling the mitochondrial transcriptome from its synthesis to its destruction and have evolved unique features to complement the unusual features of mitochondrial RNAs. Recent studies have shown how changes in mitochondrial RNAs and their binding proteins can have significant effects on human health. This opens new avenues for investigation of mitochondrial RNA‐binding proteins and the mechanisms by which they regulate mitochondrial gene expression. WIREs RNA 2012 doi: 10.1002/wrna.1128This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
A 2-year-old child with coronary sinus diverticulum and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
Authors: Veloor Haridas P. , Lokhandwala Yash 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA 2-year-old child having Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome presented with recurrent drug-refractory tachycardia episodes. On electrophysiological analysis, a coronary sinus diverticulum was discovered. The accessory pathway was successfully eliminated by radiofrequency ablation within the diverticulum.
Three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of supramitral ring in a young child
Authors: Séguéla Pierre-Emmanuel , Léobon Bertrand , Acar Philippe 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThree-dimensional echocardiography is an increasingly used method to accurately depict congenital heart disease in children. We report the case of a 2-month-old girl with supramitral ring. Three-dimensional echocardiography allowed perfect visualisation of the fibrous shelf before surgery.
Webcam Delivery of the Camperdown Program for Adolescents Who Stutter: A Phase I Trial
Authors: Carey Brenda , O’Brian Sue , Onslow Mark , Packman Ann , Menzies Ross 
Published: July 2012

Purpose
This Phase I clinical trial explored the viability of webcam Internet delivery of the Camperdown Program for adolescents who stutter.

Method and Procedure
Participants were 3 adolescents ages 13, 15, and 16 years, with moderate-severe stuttering. Each was treated with the Camperdown Program delivered by webcam with no clinic attendance. Primary outcome measures were percentage of syllables stuttered and number of treatment sessions to maintenance. Secondary outcome measures were speech naturalness, situation avoidance, self-reported stuttering severity, and parent and adolescent satisfaction. Data were collected pre treatment and at 1 day, 6 months, and 12 months post entry to maintenance.

Results
Participants entered maintenance after means of 18 sessions and 11 clinician hours. Group mean reduction of stuttering from pre treatment to entry to maintenance was 83%, from pre treatment to 6 months post entry to maintenance was 93%, and from pre treatment to 12 months post entry to maintenance was 74%. Self-reported stuttering severity ratings confirmed these results. Post entry to maintenance speech naturalness for participants fell within the range of that of 3 matched controls. However, avoidance of speech situations showed no corresponding improvements for 2 of the participants.

Conclusion
The service delivery model was efficacious and efficient. All of the participants and their parents also found it appealing. Results justify a Phase II trial of the delivery model.
Noise Hampers Children’s Expressive Word Learning
Authors: Riley Kristine Grohne , McGregor Karla K. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose
To determine the effects of noise and speech style on word learning in typically developing school-age children.

Method
Thirty-one participants ages 9;0 (years;months) to 10;11 attempted to learn 2 sets of 8 novel words and their referents. They heard all of the words 13 times each within meaningful narrative discourse. Signal-to-noise ratio (noise vs. quiet) and speech style (plain vs. clear) were manipulated such that half of the children heard the new words in broadband white noise and half heard them in quiet; within those conditions, each child heard one set of words produced in a plain speech style and another set in a clear speech style.

Results
Children who were trained in quiet learned to produce the word forms more accurately than those who were trained in noise. Clear speech resulted in more accurate word form productions than plain speech, whether the children had learned in noise or quiet. Learning from clear speech in noise and plain speech in quiet produced comparable results.

Conclusion
Noise limits expressive vocabulary growth in children, reducing the quality of word form representation in the lexicon. Clear speech input can aid expressive vocabulary growth in children, even in noisy environments.
Effects of brown and turbid water on piscivore–prey fish interactions along a visibility gradient
Authors: RANÅKER LYNN , JÖNSSON MIKAEL , NILSSON P. ANDERS , BRÖNMARK CHRISTER 
Published: July 2012

Summary1. Environmental changes such as eutrophication and increasing inputs of humic matter (brownification) may have strong effects on predator–prey interactions in lakes through a reduction in the visual conditions affecting foraging behaviour of visually oriented predators.2. In this experiment, we studied the effects of visual range (25–200 cm) in combination with optically deteriorating treatments (algae, clay or brown humic water) on predator–prey interactions between pike (Esox lucius) and roach (Rutilus rutilus). We measured effects on reaction distance and strike distance for pike and escape distance for roach, when pike individuals were exposed to free‐swimming roach as well as to roach held in a glass cylinder.3. We found that reaction distance decreased with decreasing visual range caused by increasing levels of algae, clay or humic matter. The effect of reaction distance was stronger in turbid water (clay, algae) than in the brown water treatment.4. Strike distance was neither affected by visual range nor by optical treatment, but we found shorter strike distances when pike attacked roach using visual cues only (roach held in a cylinder) compared to when pike could use multiple senses (free‐swimming roach). Escape distance for roach was longer in turbid than in brown water treatments.5. Changes in environmental drivers, such as eutrophication and brownification, affecting the optical climate should thus have consequences for the strength of predator–prey interactions through changes in piscivore foraging efficiency and prey escape behaviour. This in turn may affect lake ecosystems through higher‐order interactions.
Review of ethnic disparities in access to renal transplantation
Authors: Joshi Shivam , J. Gaynor Jeffrey , Ciancio Gaetano 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRenal transplantation is the gold standard treatment for patients with end‐stage renal disease and is associated with several advantages over dialysis, including increased quality of life, reduced morbidity and mortality, and lower healthcare costs. Barring the constraints of a limited organ supply, the goals of the patient care should focus on attaining renal transplantation while minimizing, or even eliminating, time spent on dialysis. Disparities in access to renal transplantation between African Americans and Caucasians have been extensively documented, with African Americans having significantly poorer access. There is a growing corpus of literature examining the determinants of reduced access among other racial ethnic minority groups, including Hispanics. These determinants include patient and physician preference, socioeconomic status, insurance type, patient education, and immunologic factors. We review these determinants in access to renal transplantation in the United States among all races and ethnicities.
Transient enhancement of inhibition following visual cortical lesions in the mouse superior colliculus
Authors: Kaneda Katsuyuki , Yanagawa Yuchio , Isa Tadashi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNumerous studies have investigated the effects of lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1) on visual responses in neurons of the superficial layer of the superior colliculus (sSC), which receives visual information from both the retina and V1. However, little is known about the changes in the local circuit dynamics of the sSC after receiving V1 lesions. Here, we show that surround inhibition of sSC neurons is transiently enhanced following V1 lesions in mice and that this enhancement may be attributed to alterations in the balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs to sSC neurons. Extracellular recordings in vivo revealed that sSC neuronal responses to large visual stimuli were transiently reduced at about 1 week after visual cortical lesions compared with normal mice and that this reduction was partially recovered at about 1 month after the lesions. By using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from sSC neurons in slice preparations obtained from mice that had received visual cortical lesions at 1 week prior to the recordings, we found cell type‐dependent changes in the balance between excitation and inhibition. In non‐GABAergic cells, inhibition predominated over excitation, whereas the excitation–inhibition balance did not change in GABAergic neurons. These results suggest that enhanced inhibition may be partially responsible for the reduced responses to large visual stimuli in some sSC neurons. Thus, we propose that the enhanced surround inhibition shortly after visual cortical lesions may prevent hyperexcitability in the sSC local circuit, contributing to reconstructing the finely tuned receptive field organization of sSC neurons after the visual cortical lesions.
Anorectal function after partial intersphincteric resection in ultra‐low rectal cancer
Authors: Gong X. , Jin Z. , Zheng Q. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim  To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of intersphincteric resection (ISR), in terms of postoperative anorectal function, for ultra‐low rectal cancer in mainland China.Method  A total of 43 patients who consecutively underwent curative partial ISR for ultra‐low rectal cancer between 2006 and 2009 were enrolled in the study. Defaecatory function was assessed, using detailed questionnaires, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The Wexner score was used to assess faecal continence, and anal manometry studies were performed to analyse anal sphincter function.Results  Overall defaecatory function was assessed as being satisfactory in 41 of 43 patients. Twelve months after surgery, the mean Wexner score was 4.0 ± 3.6. Anal manometry studies showed a significant change at 3 months and further, gradual, improvement over the following year. During the postoperative period, maximum squeeze pressure reached a normal value of 174.1 ± 19.5 mmHg (P = 0.041) by 6 months and resting pressure was 42.4 ± 5.6 mmHg by 12 months, which was close to the preoperative level (P = 0.038).Conclusion  Because of the satisfactory recovery of defaecatory function and good oncological results, partial ISR may be recommended as an effective sphincter‐preserving operation for patients with ultra‐low rectal cancer.
A putative functional vomeronasal system in anuran tadpoles
Authors: Jungblut Lucas David , Pozzi Andrea Gabriela , Paz Dante Agustín 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe investigated the occurrence and anatomy of the vomeronasal system (VNS) in tadpoles of 13 different anuran species. All of the species possessed a morphologically fully developed VNS with a highly conserved anatomical organisation. We found that a bean‐shaped vomeronasal organ (VNO) developed early in the tadpoles, during the final embryonic stages, and was located in the anteromedial nasal region. Histology revealed the presence of bipolar chemosensory neurones in the VNO that were immunoreactive for the Gαo protein. Tract‐tracing experiments demonstrated that chemosensory neurones from the VNO reach specific areas in the brain, where a discernible accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) could be observed. The AOB was located in the ventrolateral side of the anterior telencephalon, somewhat caudal to the main olfactory bulb. Synaptophysin‐like immunodetection revealed that synaptic contacts between VNO and AOB are established during early larval stages. Moreover, using lectin staining, we identified glomerular structures in the AOB in most of the species that we examined. According to our findings, a significant maturation in the VNS is achieved in anuran larvae. Recent published evidence strongly suggests that the VNS appeared early in vertebrate evolution and was already present in the aquatic last common ancestor of lungfish and tetrapods. In this context, tadpoles may be a good model in which to investigate the anatomical, biochemical and functional aspects of the VNS in an aquatic environment.
Rictor regulates phosphorylation of the novel protein kinase C Apl II in Aplysia sensory neurons
Authors: Labban Margaret , Dyer John R. , Sossin Wayne S. 
Published: July 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 1108–1117.AbstractRapamycin‐insensitive companion of TOR (Rictor) is a conserved component of target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2), a complex implicated in phosphorylation of a number of signal transduction‐related kinases, including protein kinase Cs (PKCs) at their ‘hydrophobic’ site in the carboxy‐terminal extension domain. In the marine mollusk, Aplysia californica, an increase in phosphorylation of the novel PKC, Apl II, at the hydrophobic site is associated with a protein synthesis‐dependent increase in synaptic strength seen after continuous application of serotonin. To determine if Rictor plays a role in this increase, we cloned the Aplysia ortholog of Rictor (ApRictor). An siRNA‐mediated decrease in ApRictor levels in Aplysia sensory neurons led to a decrease in the phosphorylation of PKC Apl II at the hydrophobic site suggesting a role for ApRictor in hydrophobic site phosphorylation. However, over‐expression of ApRictor was not sufficient to increase phosphorylation of PKC Apl II. Continuous application of serotonin increased phosphorylation of PKC Apl II at the hydrophobic site in cultured sensory neurons, and this was blocked by Torin, which inhibits both TORC1 and TORC2. Over‐expression of ApRictor did not lead to change in the magnitude of serotonin‐mediated phosphorylation, but did lead to a small increase in the membrane localization of phosphorylated PKC Apl II. In conclusion, these studies implicate Rictor in phosphorylation of a novel PKC during synaptic plasticity and suggest an additional role for Rictor in regulating the localization of PKCs.
Taxonomic review of Spiladarcha Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Urodoidea: Urodidae) with a new species from Venezuela
Authors: SOHN Jae‐Cheon 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSpiladarcha adamskii sp. nov. is described from Venezuela and is compared to S. derelicta, the type species of the genus. Spiladarcha is characterized by the features of male genitalia, which have not been known previously for the genus. Spiladarcha are distinguished from its sister genus Wockia in having raised scales of small black spots along the upper surface of the forewing veins, a pair of setal zones on the apical part of the tegumen in the male genitalia, and a linguiform antrum and a zone of longitudinal pleats on the ductus bursae in the female genitalia.