bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer outcomes among Hispanic/Latino patients in the United States: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Sanchez-Mendez Joel , Quino Juanita Elizabeth , Xiong Wei , Stern Mariana C. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
This scoping review will identify the patterns of survival, treatment, and recurrence among Hispanic and/or Latino/a/x (H/L) patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) living in the United States (US) and Puerto Rico. Additionally, population- and individual-level determinants of cancer outcomes among H/L CRC patients will be mapped to highlight under-reported/under-investigated research areas.

Introduction:
CRC is the third most common cancer excluding skin cancers in the US. Unlike non-Hispanic White populations, cancer is the number one cause of death in H/L populations and currently represents 21% of total deaths. Despite this, a lack of consensus exists on CRC outcomes for H/L patients. Most research on H/L individuals has examined incidence and screening of CRC, with fewer studies focusing on cancer outcomes.

Inclusion criteria:
All epidemiological study designs and systematic reviews will be considered. The review will only include peer-reviewed studies that report on survival, treatment, and/or recurrence patterns for H/L patients with CRC residing in the US and Puerto Rico.

Methods:
A 3-step search with a 2-stage study selection process will be followed, as recommended by JBI and Arksey and O’Malley. Databases to be searched will include MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), and Scopus. A data extraction tool will be designed based on JBI recommendations. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRSIMA-ScR) will be used, with the results presented in a PRISMA diagram. Publications in English from database inception to the present will be considered.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/y6qf5
Tumour necrosis factor α regulates the miR‐27a‐3p–Sfrp1 axis in a mouse model of osteoporosis
Authors: Zhang Dang‐Feng , Jin Xiao‐Na , Ma Xing , Qiu Yu‐Sheng , Ma Wei , Dai Xing , Zhang Zhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that involves gradual loss of bone density and mass, thus resulting in increased fragility and risk of fracture. Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), inhibit osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and several microRNAs are implicated in osteoporosis development. This study aimed to explore the correlation between TNF‐α treatment and miR‐27a‐3p expression in BMSC osteogenesis and further understand their roles in osteoporosis. An osteoporosis animal model was established using ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Compared with Sham mice, the OVX mice had a significantly elevated level of serum TNF‐α and decreased level of bone miR‐27a‐3p, and in vitro TNF‐α treatment inhibited miR‐27a‐3p expression in BMSCs. In addition, miR‐27a‐3p promoted osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs in vitro, as evidenced by alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin Red‐S staining, as well as enhanced expression of the osteogenic markers Runx2 and Osterix. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental validation identified secreted frizzled‐related protein 1 (Sfrp1) as a downstream target of miR‐27a‐3p. Sfrp1 overexpression significantly inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro and additional TNF‐α treatment augmented this inhibition. Moreover, Sfrp1 overexpression abrogated the promotive effect of miR‐27a‐3p on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, the miR‐27a‐3p–Sfrp1 axis was found to exert its regulatory function in BMSC osteogenic differentiation via regulating Wnt3a–β‐catenin signalling. In summary, this study revealed that TNF‐α regulated a novel miR‐27a‐3p–Sfrp1 axis in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The data provide new insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.
Study on Thermal Metamaterial for Uniform Surface Temperature Distribution
Authors: Qiao Yang , Yan Zhongming , Chen Jiawei , Wang Yu , Zhou Hongcheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a thermal metamaterial based on the theory of thermodynamics transformation, which can achieve uniform temperature distribution. The required anisotropic thermal conductivity is theoretically derived. This thermal metamaterial structure is achieved by alternating aluminum and polyimide of different lengths. The temperature distribution under the condition of different convective heat transfer coefficients was simulated and compared with pure aluminum. The simulation and experimental results show that the metamaterial significantly reduced the non-uniformity of the temperature distribution.
Kinetostatic Modeling of an Asymmetrical Double-Stepped Beam for Displacement Amplification
Authors: Nguyen Tri-Hieu , Pham Huy-Tuan , Khoa Tran Ngoc Dang , Wang Dung-An 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A kinetostatic model of an asymmetrical double-stepped beam under axial loading is developed. The beam is composed of two thick segments and three thin segments where a thick segment is between two thin segments, and the longitudinal axis of the thick segment is not colinear with that of the thin segment. The kinetostatic model based on the beam constraint model (BCM) is capable of predicting accurate bending and near-buckling behaviors of the beam. A virtual rigid link neighboring the noncolinear segments is introduced in the BCM to broaden the applicability of the BCM. An analytical formula to represent the critical load of a symmetrical double-stepped beam under axial loading is derived and the value calculated by the formula agrees with the limit load of the asymmetrical double-stepped beam within the elastic range. The investigated beam has potential applications in displacement amplifiers and robotic grippers.
Determining glycosyltransferase functional order via lethality due to accumulated O-antigen intermediates, exemplified with
Shigella flexneri
O-antigen biosynthesis
Authors: Qin Jilong , Hong Yaoqin , Totsika Makrina 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The O antigen (OAg) polysaccharide is one of the most diverse surface molecules of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The structural classification of OAg, based on serological typing and sequence analysis, is important in epidemiology and the surveillance of outbreaks of bacterial infections. Despite the diverse chemical structures of OAg repeating units (RUs), the genetic basis of RU assembly remains poorly understood and represents a major limitation in assigning gene functions in polysaccharide biosynthesis. Here, we describe a genetic approach to interrogate the functional order of glycosyltransferases (GTs). Using
Shigella flexneri
as a model, we established an initial glycosyltransferase (IT)-controlled system, which allows functional order allocation of the subsequent GT in a 2-fold manner as follows: (i) first, by reporting the growth defects caused by the sequestration of UndP through disruption of late GTs and (ii) second, by comparing the molecular sizes of stalled OAg intermediates when each putative GT is disrupted. Using this approach, we demonstrate that for RfbF and RfbG, the GT involved in the assembly of
S. flexneri
backbone OAg RU, RfbG, is responsible for both the committed step of OAg synthesis and the third transferase for the second L-Rha. We also show that RfbF functions as the last GT to complete the
S. flexneri
OAg RU backbone. We propose that this simple and effective genetic approach can be also extended to define the functional order of enzymatic synthesis of other diverse polysaccharides produced both by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

IMPORTANCE

The genetic basis of enzymatic assembly of structurally diverse O antigen (OAg) repeating units (RUs) in Gram-negative pathogens is poorly understood, representing a major limitation in our understanding of gene functions for the synthesis of bacterial polysaccharides. We present a simple genetic approach to confidently assign glycosyltransferase (GT) functions and the order in which they act during assembly of the OAg RU. We employed this approach to determine the functional order of GTs involved in
Shigella flexneri
OAg assembly. This approach can be generally applied in interrogating GT functions encoded by other bacterial polysaccharides to advance our understanding of diverse gene functions in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides, key knowledge in advancing biosynthetic polysaccharide production.
Analytical validation of a semi-automated methodology for quantitative measurement of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater collected in northern New England
Authors: Robbins Ashlee A. , Gallagher Torrey L. , Toledo Diana M. , Hershberger K. Chase , Salmela Sabrina M. , Barney Rachael E. , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Tsongalis Gregory J. , Martin Isabella W. , Hubbard Jacqueline A. , Lefferts Joel A. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Wastewater
-
based epidemiology (WBE) can be used to monitor the community presence of infectious disease pathogens of public health concern such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Viral nucleic acid has been detected in the stool of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections make community monitoring difficult without extensive and continuous population screening. In this study, we validated a procedure that includes manual pre-processing, automated SARS-CoV-2 RNA extraction and detection workflows using both reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR). Genomic RNA and calibration materials were used to create known concentrations of viral material to determine the linearity, accuracy, and precision of the wastewater extraction and SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. Both RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR perform similarly in all the validation experiments, with a limit of detection of 50 copies/mL. A wastewater sample from a care facility with a known outbreak was assessed for viral content in replicate, and we showed consistent results across both assays. Finally, in a 2-week survey of two New Hampshire cities, we assessed the suitability of our methods for daily surveillance. This paper describes the technical validation of a molecular assay that can be used for long-term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater as a potential tool for community surveillance to assist with public health efforts.

IMPORTANCE
This paper describes the technical validation of a molecular assay that can be used for the long-term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater as a potential tool for community surveillance to assist with public health efforts.
Analyzing the characteristics of respiratory microbiota after the placement of an airway stent for malignant central airway obstruction
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhou Yunzhi , Huang Yan , Li Xiaoli , Zhang Jieli , Gao Yongping , Qin Fang , Fu Huaixiu , Wang Shufang , Niu Anan , Guo Ruinan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Malignant central airway stenosis is treated with airway stent placement, but post-placement microbial characteristics remain unclear. We studied microbial features in 60 patients post-stent placement, focusing on changes during granulation tissue proliferation. Samples were collected before stent (
N
= 29), after stent on day 3 (
N
= 20), and after granulation tissue formation (AS-GTF,
N
= 43). Metagenomic sequencing showed significant respiratory tract microbiota changes with granulation tissue. The microbiota composition, dominated by
Actinobacteria
,
Firmicutes
, and
Proteobacteria
, was similar among the groups. At the species level, the AS-GTF group exhibited significant differences, with
Peptostreptococcus stomatis
and
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
enriched. Analysis based on tracheoesophageal fistula presence identified
Tannerella forsythia
and
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
as the main differential species, enriched in the fistula subgroup. Viral and fungal detection showed
Human gammaherpesvirus 4
and
Candida albicans
as the main species, respectively. These findings highlight microbiota changes after stent placement, potentially associated with granulation tissue proliferation, informing stent placement therapy and anti-infective treatment optimization.

IMPORTANCE

Malignant central airway stenosis is a life-threatening condition that can be effectively treated with airway stent placement. However, despite its clinical importance, the microbial characteristics of the respiratory tract following stent insertion remain poorly understood. This study addresses this gap by investigating the microbial features in patients with malignant central airway stenosis after stent placement, with a specific focus on microbial changes during granulation tissue proliferation. The findings reveal significant alterations in the diversity and structure of the respiratory tract microbiota following the placement of malignant central airway stents. Notably, certain bacterial species, including
Peptostreptococcus stomatis
and
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
, exhibit distinct patterns in the after-stent granulation tissue formation group. Additionally, the presence of tracheoesophageal fistula further influences the microbial composition. These insights provide valuable references for optimizing stent placement therapy and enhancing clinical anti-infective strategies.
Robot-assisted lymphovenous anastomosis surgery for lymphocele in the groin
Authors: Lilja Caroline , Thomsen Jørn Bo , Sørensen Jens Ahm 
Published: May 2024

We present the first-in-human robot-assisted microsurgery on a lymphocele in the groin involving a man in his late 60s who had been coping with the condition for 12 months. Despite numerous efforts at conservative treatment and surgical intervention, the lymphocele persisted, leading to a referral to our clinic.Diagnostic techniques, including indocyanine green lymphography and ultrasound, identified one lymphatic vessel draining into the lymphocele. The surgical intervention, conducted with the assistance of a robot and facilitated by the Symani Surgical System (Medical Microinstruments, Calci, Italy), involved a lymphovenous anastomosis and excision of the lymphocele. An end-to-end anastomosis was performed between the lymphatic and venous vessels measuring 1 mm in diameter, using an Ethilon 10-0 suture.The surgery was successful, with no postoperative complications and a prompt recovery. The patient was discharged 3 days postoperatively and exhibited complete recovery at the 14-day follow-up. This case marks the first use of robot-assisted microsurgical lymphovenous anastomosis to address a groin lymphocele, highlighting the benefit of advanced robotic technology in complex lymphatic surgeries.
Cardiovascular toxicity of immune therapies for cancer
Authors: Palaskas Nicolas L , Ali Hyeon-Ju , Koutroumpakis Efstratios , Ganatra Sarju , Deswal Anita 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
In addition to conventional chemoradiation and targeted cancer therapy, the use of immune based therapies, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T), has increased exponentially across a wide spectrum of cancers. This has been paralleled by recognition of off-target immune related adverse events that can affect almost any organ system including the cardiovascular system. The use of ICIs has been associated with myocarditis, a less common but highly fatal adverse effect, pericarditis and pericardial effusions, vasculitis, thromboembolism, and potentially accelerated atherosclerosis. CAR-T resulting in a systemic cytokine release syndrome has been associated with myriad cardiovascular consequences including arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding adverse cardiovascular effects associated with ICIs and CAR-T.
Total skin self-examination at home for people treated for cutaneous melanoma: development and pilot of a digital intervention
Authors: Murchie Peter , Allan Julia L , Brant William , Dennis Matthew , Hall Susan , Masthoff Judith , Walter Fiona M , Johnston Marie 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo develop a digital intervention to prompt, support, and respond to the outcomes of total skin self-examinations (TSSEs) at home by people treated for cutaneous melanoma.DesignA complex intervention development study.SettingNortheast Scotland.ParticipantsSemistructured scoping interviews; people previously treated for cutaneous melanoma (n=21). Pilot testing: people treated for melanoma stages 0–2C (n=20); general practitioners (n=6); and a nurse specialist in dermatology (n=1).InterventionA tablet-based digital intervention designed to prompt and support TSSEs comprising instructional videos and electronic reporting (including photographs) to a clinical nurse specialist in dermatology, with subsequent clinical triage.Primary and secondary outcome measuresQualitative assessment of intervention feasibility and acceptability, and quantitative assessment of intentions and confidence to perform TSSEs in pilot participants.ResultsThe majority of pilot participants were strongly positive and adhered well to the intervention (n=15), with 7 of these reporting symptoms of concern at some point during the 6-month pilot. 4 patients complied intermittently, 3 reporting skin problems at least once during the pilot, and 1 withdrew. 2 patients underwent skin surgery as a result of participating in the pilot, with 1 diagnosed as having a recurrent melanoma and the other, a benign lesion. A number of practical issues to improve the usability of the intervention were identified. The proportion of participants reporting intention to check their skin at least monthly increased during the intervention as did confidence to conduct a skin check.ConclusionsPeople previously treated for cutaneous melanoma are prepared to use digital technology to support them in conducting TSSE. An intervention has been developed which is practical, effective and safe, and after addressing minor practical issues, could now be evaluated for clinical outcomes in a randomised clinical trial.
Development of skills-based competencies for forensic nurse examiners providing elder abuse care
Authors: Du Mont Janice , Kosa Daisy , Macdonald Sheila , Elliot Shannon , Yaffe Mark 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveAs a critical step in advancing a comprehensive response to elder abuse built on existing forensic nursing-led hospital-based programmes, we developed a list of skills-based competencies for use in an Elder Abuse Nurse Examiner curriculum.Participants and settingProgramme leaders of 30 hospital-based forensic nursing-led sexual assault and domestic violence treatment centres.Primary and secondary outcome measures149 verbatim recommendations for components of an elder abuse response were identified from a systematic scoping review. In 2 online Delphi consensus survey rounds, these components of care were evaluated by an expert panel for their overall importance to the elder abuse intervention under development and for their appropriateness to the scope of practice of an elder abuse nurse examiner. The components retained after evaluation were translated into skills-based competencies using Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning and, using the Nominal Group Technique, were subsequently reviewed and revised by a subset of members of the expert panel in a consensus meeting.ResultsOf the 148 recommendations evaluated, 119 were rated as important and achieved consensus or high level of agreement. Of these, 101 were determined to be within the scope of practice of an Elder Abuse Nurse Examiner and were translated into skills-based competencies. Following review and revision by meeting experts, 47 final competencies were organised by content into 5 metacompetencies: documentation, legal and legislative issues; interview with older adult, caregiver and other relevant contacts; assessment; medical and forensic examination; and case summary, discharge plan and follow-up care.ConclusionsWe determined the skills-based competencies of importance to training forensic nurse examiners to respond to elder abuse in the context of a hospital-based intervention. These findings may have implications for violence and abuse treatment programmes with a forensic nursing component that are considering the provision of a dedicated response to the abuse of older women and men.
Study protocol: the biologics in severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps survey
Authors: Favier Valentin , Daveau Clémentine , Carsuzaa Florent , Fieux Maxime , Vandersteen Clair , Castillo Laurent , Papon Jean Francois , de Gabory Ludovic , Saroul Nicolas , Verillaud Benjamin , Rumeau Cécile , Jankowski Roger , Michel Justin , de Bonnecaze Guillaume , Lecanu Jean-Baptiste , Coste Andre , Béquignon Emilie , Malard Olivier , Mortuaire Geoffrey 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a frequent condition affecting approximately 2% of the population. Medical treatment consists long-term use of intranasal corticosteroids and short-term use of oral corticosteroids, in adjunct with saline solution rinses. Surgical management is proposed in patients who failed after medical treatment. In France, two biologics are reimbursed in case of severe uncontrolled CRSwNP despite medical treatment and endoscopic sinus surgery. Waiting for head-to-head biologics comparison, studies should report the efficacy and safety of biologics in large real-life cohorts. This study protocol describes the aims and methods of a prospective, observational, national, multicentric cohort of patients with CRSwNP treated with biologics.Methods and analysisThe BIOlogics in severe nasal POlyposis SurvEy is a French multicentre prospective observational cohort study. The main aim is to assess the efficacy and tolerance of biologics in patients with CRSwNP, with or without association with other type 2 diseases, and to determine the strategies in case of uncontrolled disease under biologics. Patients over 18 years old requiring biologics for CRSwNP in accordance with its marketing approval in France (ie, severe nasal polyposis, with lack of control under nasal corticosteroid, systemic corticosteroids and surgery) are invited to participate. Collected data include topical history of surgical procedures and biologics, medication and use of systemic corticosteroids, visual analogical scales for specific symptoms, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 questionnaire, nasal polyp score, asthma control test, Lund-Mackay score on CT scan and IgE concentration and eosinophilic count on blood sample.Trial registrationNCT05228041/DRI_2021/0030.