bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sketching an open invisible space with multiagent reinforcement learning
Authors: Chen Hongsheng , Wu Bei , Qian Chao , Wang Zhedong , Lin Pujing , Li Erping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Controlling electromagnetic (EM) waves at will is fundamentally important for diverse applications, ranging from optical microcavities, super-resolution imaging, to quantum information processing. Decades ago, the forays into metamaterials and transformation optics have ignited?unprecedented?interest to create an invisibility cloak—a closed space with any object inside invisible. However, all features of the scattering waves become stochastic and uncontrollable when EM waves interact with an open and disordered environment, making an open invisible space almost impossible. Counterintuitively, here we for the first time present an open, cluttered, and dynamic but invisible space, wherein any freely-moving object maintains invisible. To adapt to the disordered environment, we randomly organize a swarm of reconfigurable metasurfaces, and master them by MetaSeeker, a population-based reinforcement learning (RL). MetaSeeker constructs a narcissistic internal world to mirror the stochastic physical world, capable of autonomous preferment, evolution, and adaptation. In the perception-decision-execution experiment, multiple RL agents automatically interact with the ever-changing environments and integrate a post-hoc explainability to visualize the decision-making process. The hidden objects, such as vehicle cluster and experimenter, can freely scale, race, and track in the invisible space, with the environmental similarity of 99.5%. Our results constitute a monumental stride to reshape the evolutionary landscape of metasurfaces from individual to swarm intelligence and usher in the remote management of entire EM space.
CircGRB10 Mitigates Ischemic Neuronal Injuries through Ferroptosis Regulation via miR-6838-5p/FBXW7 Axis
Authors: Chen Wanghao , Yu Qiang , Yang Xiaoshen , Zhang Wenchuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exhibit widespread expression within the brain and are pivotal in the development of numerous central nervous system disorders, particularly in neuronal damage associated with ischemic stroke. Our research focuses on mmu_circ_0009119 (circGRB10) and its pivotal role in this process. Through studies on healthy controls and ischemic stroke patients, along with in vitro simulations using the oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in HT22 neuronal cells, we revealed a significant upregulation of circGRB10 in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Deficiency in circGRB10 restored cell viability in OGD/R-induced HT22 cells by upregulating FBXW7 through sequestering miR-6838-5p. Inhibition of miR-6838-3p weakened the impact of circGRB10 silencing on cell survival and Ferroptosis in OGD/R-induced HT22 cells. Additionally, the upregulation of FBXW7 counteracted the effect of miR-6838-5p upregulation on OGD/R-induced HT22 cells. On another note, circGRB10 suppressed cell survival and accelerated Ferroptosis in OGD/R-induced HT22 cells by sequestering miR-6838-5p to upregulate the FBXW7 axis. This study elucidates the mechanism by which circGRB10, through the circGRB10/miR-6838-5p/FBXW7 axis, regulates neuronal survival after ischemic stroke, providing crucial insights into its potential as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Evaluation of the efficacy of rat renal ischemia-reperfusion injury after itaconic acid and its isomers treatment by contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)
Authors: Tang Bin , luo zhijian , Zhang Rong , Zhang Dongmei , Li Mingxing , Dai Yan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Itaconic acid and its isomers citraconic acid and mesaconic acid are a recently discovered class of metabolites with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study will investigate its role in ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury, and use contrast-enhanced ultrasound to evaluate kidney function, in order to provide a new diagnostic method and treatment strategy for renal acute kidney injury. In this study, a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion was established, and itaconic acid, citraconic acid and mesaconic acid were given as preoperative intervention. After the operation, the rat kidneys were examined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound, biochemical analysis and pathological staining. The results showed that the intervention of itaconic acid, citraconic acid and mesaconic acid could effectively reduce renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects,and inhibiting cell pyroptosis. These findings suggest that itaconic acid, citraconic acid, and mesaconic acid may be effective strategies for the treatment of renal ischemia-reperfusion through Inflammation-related pyroptosis pathway.
Effective removal of toxic Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution using mixed macroalgal adsorbent: Kinetics and ANN modeling studies
Authors: Thamarai P , Deivayanai V C , Karishma S , Anbalagan Saravanan , Yaashikaa P. R. , Vickram A.S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The research focuses on examining the biosorption capability of raw mixed seaweed biosorbent (RMSB) for the removal of the hazardous metal cadmium (II) under controlled environmental conditions. Using techniques such as elemental dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), biosorbent was characterized. The impacts of adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial Cd concentration, pH, and temperature have been assessed for the removal of Cd (II) and its adsorption. Optimum levels - pH, biosorbent mass, contact duration, and temperature were 5, 2 g/L, 50 minutes, and 303 K, respectively. The optimum intake of metals Cd (II) has been evaluated with isotherm modeling. Single-layer sorption was confirmed by the Freundlich isotherm, which proved to be an excellent fit. Maximum potential adsorption of Cd (II) was 146.2 mg/g. The biosorption kinetics of Cd (II) onto RMSB exhibit pseudo-first-order behaviour. The feasibility of the sorption process was established, and the thermodynamic parameters were determined. The Cd (II) sorption onto RMSB biomass has been estimated through the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs). With the high cross-correlation coefficient (R) value, the ANN models predicted the Cd (II) adsorption onto RMSB with remarkable accuracy. The outcomes showed that Cd (II) may be effectively removed from the aqueous solution using RMSB.
Enhancing Teacher Status in Kazakhstan: The Role of School Leaders and Legislative Measures
Authors: Sarmurzin Yerbol 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This article presents research on the role of school leaders in improving teachers’ status in Kazakhstan. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, integrating data from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings demonstrate a positive attitude towards legislative measures. Nevertheless, there is a gap between policy and reality, since school leaders often violate legal obligations. The study highlights the vital role of school leaders in offering support and chances for professional growth, which greatly impacts teachers' views of their standing and level of work satisfaction. In addition, the research reveals that the built environment of schools and their academic rankings have a role in determining the social status of teachers. The results underscore the significance of successful policy implementation, increased support from school administrators, and a concentration on teacher welfare to raise their professional status. The findings of this study are of great importance for policymakers, school administrators, and educators.
A Novel Approach to Classifying Chemotherapeutic Agents Based on Their Impact on Canonical Pathways: Implications for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Batha Lin , Zhra Mahmoud , Galal Mariam Ahmed , Holail Jasmine , Aldossari Fai , Aziz Mohammad Azhar , Alzayer Maha , Fakhoury Rajaa , Aljada Ahmad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer faces a significant challenge in the form of multidrug resistance (MDR), which requires the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying MDR in MCF7 breast cancer cells to identify common signaling pathways that contribute to resistance. Additionally, this research aims to propose a novel classification system for chemotherapeutic agents based on their influence on these pathways.
Methodology: To create drug-resistant MCF7 sublines, MCF7 cells were subjected to chemotherapeutic drugs for 12 months, with concentrations gradually increasing over time. The transcriptome of these sublines was then analyzed using next-generation RNA sequencing through Ion Torrent technology. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their associated canonical pathways, molecular functions, and upstream regulators were identified using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).
Results: Unique mRNA expression patterns were associated with chemoresistance, indicating notable up- and downregulation patterns of DEGs in MCF7 chemoresistant subline cells. The use of IPA allowed for the categorization of chemotherapeutic drugs into three groups based on their effects on canonical pathways: Group I (Arabinosylcytosine, Methotrexate), Group II (Paclitaxel, Cyclophosphamide, Nocodazole), and Group III (5-Fluorouracil, Etoposide, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin).
Conclusion: A new approach to enhance the effectiveness of breast cancer chemotherapy is proposed. This approach involves categorizing chemotherapeutic agents based on their impact on canonical pathways. The innovative classification system has the potential to guide the development of combination therapies, predict drug resistance mechanisms, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. However, it is essential to conduct extensive research and validate these findings in other breast cancer cell lines and clinical settings.
Relationship between physical activity, sleep quality, and frailty in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study Running title: The correlation between physical activity, sleep quality, and frailty
Authors: SUI Linpeng , ZHANG Donglin , WANG Wenhua , LI Dan , LIU Yue , XUE Mei , HAO Jianfeng , WANG Minjuan , ZHANG Lei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Frailty is linked to numerous negative health consequences, with past research indicating that physical activity (PA) and sleep quality play a role in influencing frailty among older adults. As societal norms evolve, middle-aged adults are faced with time constraints that may result in differences in PA and sleep compared to older adults. Despite this, there is a limited amount of research focusing on middle-aged and older adults. This study seeks to examine the prevalence of frailty among middle-aged and older adults in the region, as well as investigate the connection between sleep quality, PA, and frailty.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1,265 middle-aged and elderly permanent residents from a region in Shaanxi Province, China. Participants were selected randomly for a physical examination and questionnaire survey. The questionnaires covered sociodemographic information, the Frailty Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Statistical description and correlation analysis between variables were conducted using SPSS software.
Results: A total of 1042 study participants were ultimately included in the analysis, with 74 classified as frailty and 444 as non-frailty. Adjusting for relevant covariates revealed that middle-aged and older adults engaging in light PA were more likely to be frailty compared to those with high PAL during non-frailty (CI 0.149-0.682; P < 0.01) and pre-frailty stages (CI 0.098-0.425; P < 0.001). Conversely, individuals without sleep disorders were less likely to be frailty (CI 1.241-3.720; P < 0.01). Occupational MET values were highest during the pre-frailty period in the presence of substantial PA (P < 0.001). Sleep quality not only directly predicted frailty but also acted as a mediator in influencing the role of age on frailty, with a mediating effect of 12.43%.
Conclusion: Both PA and sleep quality play a role in frailty. The impact of PA on frailty is influenced by the nature of the individual's occupation. Sleep disorders can heighten the risk of frailty, with sleep quality acting as a mediator in the relationship between age and frailty.
Interferon-γ blockade in CD19 CART cell therapy-induced secondary macrophage activation syndrome/hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Shen Haihao , Zhang Mengyue , Pan Ying , Peng Peng , Wang Zhitao , Yao Cunying , Zhou Li 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a highly effective therapy for hematological malignancies. Macrophage activation syndrome/hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MAS/HLH) is one of the most serious adverse events of CART-cell therapy. We report a case of CD19+ B ALL patient who was treated with autologous CD19-CART cells and developed a life-threatening secondary MAS/HLH. Her MAS/HLH was successfully salvaged treated by blocking Interferon-γ using emapalumab. Our case showed that emapalumab was a good option for the treatment of patients in CART cell therapy-induced secondary MAS/HLH without deleterious effect on the efficacy of CART cells in short term. It gave clinicians new inspiration.
Rosuvastatin calcium and pravastatin sodium regulate the antioxidant system in zebrafish liver by inhibiting the PI3K/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
Authors: WANG XIANRUI , MU QUANLING , LI XIAOLONG , SHI JIAYE , LI RUMENG , ZHAO YE , DING CUNBAO 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Rosuvastatin calcium (ROV) and pravastatin sodium (PRA) are commonly used drugs for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, but as a result, they have been reported to be present worldwide in aquatic environments. However, little is known about the effects of ROV or PRA on fish antioxidant systems and the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to ROV or PRA for 48 h, to explore their effects on the antioxidant response system in zebrafish liver and its possible molecular mechanism. The results showed that the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS)and glutathione (GSH) increased significantly after ROV exposure, while the activities of catalase (CAT)and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly inhibited. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione peroxidase (GST) were activated after exposure to 5 mg/L ROV, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased after 0.5 mg/L ROV exposure. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and CAT were activated at the mRNA level only after 5 mg/L ROV exposure, while nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and SOD were inhibited at the protein level. After adding PI3K activator 740Y-P, the protein inhibition of Nrf2 and SOD was reversed. After PRA exposure, the contents of ROS, GSH and MDA were activated, the activities of CAT and SOD were significantly inhibited, and GST was activated only after 10 mg/L PRA exposure. At the mRNA level, 10mg/L PRA activated PI3K, CAT and GPx, while Nrf2 and SOD were inhibited at the protein level. Similarly, after the addition of the PI3K activator 740Y-P, inhibition of both Nrf2 and SOD protein was abolished. Further molecular docking simulations showed that ROV and PRA could spontaneously dock with PI3K and form stable interactions through hydrogen bonds. In summary, both ROV and PRA induce significant oxidative stress in zebrafish liver, and both ROV and PRA act as PI3K inhibitors to block the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway, thereby reducing the antioxidant capacity in zebrafish liver.
Prostaglandins as Vasodilatory Agent Therapy for Pulmonary Hypertension in Postnatal Period in Patients with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis
Authors: Cabral Tayenne , melchior Camila , Clavi Izabela , Lisboa Priscila , Magalhaes Debora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) represents a deviation in lung development and a life-threatening condition with high mortality rate. [1–5] The study aimed to perform a meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of prostaglandins as vasodilatory agent therapy for Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) in postnatal period in patients with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.
Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohorts analyzing the use of PGE1 and PGI versus placebo in CDH patients with PH born after 37 weeks of gestation. The primary outcomes of interest were mortality and ECMO utilization. Statistical analysis followed the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. Heterogeneity was assessed by using Cochrane's Risk of Bias 1 (ROBINS-I), Cochran Q test, and I2 statistics.
Results
The meta-analysis, comprising four cohorts totaling 6,873 patients, revealed that prostaglandins (PG) did not significantly decrease mortality rates as anticipated (RR 1.44; 95% CI 0.89–2.32; p = 0.134; I2 = 64%). However, the confidence interval and p-value indicated a lack of statistical significance.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis has its limitations; we do not establish conclusively the efficacy of PGI and PGE in reducing mortality in CDH patients. However, it may have indicated an association between the use of PGE1 and a reduction in the duration of mechanical ventilation dependency. Further, RCT is imperative to comprehensively assess the utilization of PGI and PGE1 in treating PH in CDH patients.
PROSPERO Identifier CRD42023438338.
A Comparative Analysis of Traditional and New Construction Methods for External Wall Insulation in Jiangning, Nanjing, China
Authors: Clement Francis Deng , Mehdipour Armin , Shutian Zhou 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This research conducted in Jiangning, Nanjing, China, aimed to examine the effectiveness of traditional and contemporary construction techniques for external wall insulation. The study compared thermal resistance, indoor air temperature, energy consumption, and potential energy savings. The results showed that new construction methods utilizing fiber-based thermal insulation materials displayed superior performance in various aspects leading to improved thermal insulation properties. Based on the comparative analysis presented in this study, it is suggested that incorporating organic insulation materials into new construction methods for external wall insulation can enhance thermal performance and energy efficiency when compared to traditional approaches. Current energy-saving design standards have been raised by more than 50%, highlighting the growing significance of designing buildings with energy conservation in mind within our country's industrial development context. A newly proposed construction program involving integrated insulation panel composite exterior wall systems demonstrates cost-effectiveness with lower costs per square meter when compared to traditional methods. This study provides an analysis of the thermal performance and energy efficiency associated with both traditional and modern construction methods for external wall insulation specifically within Jiangning, Nanjing area. The investigation highlights the importance of considering varying climatic conditions' impact on thermal performance and retrofitting existing structures for enhanced energy efficiency. It leverages insights from sustainable development studies to promote sustainability in the construction industry while prioritizing public safety and compliance with energy-saving regulations.
Study of plasma-related parameters and self- generated TMF of contact under DB-DC VCB delayed breaking conditions
Authors: Yang Shurui , Huang Chongyang , Shan Zengyu , Li Zhengbo , Cao Yundong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Taking the mechanical double-break DC vacuum circuit breaker as the research object, the magnetic field and temperature field distribution between the breaks and the plasma characteristics under the working condition of gap difference caused by actuator dispersion are investigated to explore the difference of arc characteristics between the two breaks with different gaps. Based on the system of equations of Maxwell and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, a non-simultaneous breaking model of the DB DC VCB is established, and parameters such as magnetic flux density, plasma velocity, inter-contact pressure, and ion and electron temperatures are calculated. The simulation results show that the cathode surface field emission effect is stronger in the small gap break (delayed breaking break). Besides, in the small gap break, the arc temperature in is higher, the rate of decrease of temperature is lower, the electron velocity is higher, the magnetic flux density is lower, the regulatory ability of magnetic field is weaker, and the plasma diffusion speed is slower. In the arc ignition stage, the arc aggregation state duration of small gap break is longer than the normal break, and the arc transition time in small gap break is increased, which means the arc in small gap break get diffusion state later, and it is not conducive to the plasma diffusion and arc energy dissipation. Therefore, the arc energy density between delayed breaking break is greater, the arc morphology transition time is longer, the residual particle concentration after arc extinguishing is higher, and the probability of re-strike breakdown increases with the increase of gap difference. Improving the synchronization of the actuator could improving the breaking ability of DB DC VCB.
Validation of smartwatch electrocardiogram intervals in children compared to standard 12 lead electrocardiograms
Authors: Ernstsson Julia , Svensson Birgitta , Liuba Petru , Weismann Constance G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background/Aim: Lay people are now able to obtain one-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) using smartwatches, which facilitates documentation of arrhythmias. The accuracy of smartwatch derived ECG intervals has not been validated in children though. Home-based monitoring of ECG intervals using a smartwatch could improve monitoring of children, e.g. when taking QTc prolonging medications. The aim of this study was to validate the ECG intervals measured by smartwatch in comparison to standard 12-lead ECGs in children and adolescents.
Methods: Prospective study of children (age 5 - 17 years) at the outpatient clinic of a national pediatric heart center. Patients underwent a smartwatch ECG (ScanWatch, Withings) and a simultaneous standard 12-lead ECG. ECG intervals were measured both automatically and manually from the smartwatch ECG and the 12-lead ECG. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were performed.
Results: 100 patients (54% male, median age 12.9 (IQR 8.7-15.6) were enrolled. The ICC calculated from the automated smartwatch and automated 12-lead ECG were excellent for heart rate (ICC 0.97, p<0.001), good for the PR and QT intervals (ICC 0.86 and 0.8, p<0.001), and moderate for the QRS duration and QTc interval (ICC 0.7 and 0.53, p<0.001). When using manual measurements for the smartwatch ECG, validity was improved for the PR interval (ICC 0.93, p<0.001), QRS duration (ICC 0.92, p<0.001), QT (ICC 0.95, p<0.001) and QTc interval (ICC 0.84, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Automated smartwatch intervals are most reliable measuring the heart rate. The automated smartwatch QTc intervals are less reliable, but this may be improved by manual measurements.