bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of the Asparagales based on three plastid and two mitochondrial genes
Authors: Seberg Ole , Petersen Gitte , Davis Jerrold I. , Pires J. Chris , Stevenson Dennis W. , Chase Mark W. , Fay Michael F. , Devey Dion S. , Jørgensen Tina , Sytsma Kenneth J. , Pillon Yohan 
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: The Asparagales, with ca. 40% of all monocotyledons, include a host of commercially important ornamentals in families such as Orchidaceae, Alliaceae, and Iridaceae, and several important crop species in genera such as Allium, Aloe, Asparagus, Crocus, and Vanilla. Though the order is well defined, the number of recognized families, their circumscription, and relationships are somewhat controversial.• Methods: Phylogenetic analyses of Asparagales were based on parsimony and maximum likelihood using nucleotide sequence variation in three plastid genes (matK, ndhF, and rbcL) and two mitochondrial genes (atp1 and cob). Branch support was assessed using both jackknife analysis implementing strict‐consensus (SC) and bootstrap analysis implementing frequency‐within‐replicates (FWR). The contribution of edited sites in the mitochondrial genes to topology and branch support was investigated.• Key results: The topologies recovered largely agree with previous results, though some clades remain poorly resolved (e.g., Ruscaceae). When the edited sites were included in the analysis, the plastid and mitochondrial genes were highly incongruent. However, when the edited sites were removed, the two partitions became congruent.• Conclusions: Some deeper nodes in the Asparagales tree remain poorly resolved or unresolved as do the relationships of certain monogeneric families (e.g., Aphyllanthaceae, Ixioliriaceae, Doryanthaceae), whereas support for many families increases. However, the increased support is dominated by plastid data, and the potential influence of mitochondrial and biparentially inherited single or low‐copy nuclear genes should be investigated.
Portable microsatellite primers for Ficus (Moraceae)
Authors: Garcia Marjorie , Bain Anthony , Tzeng Hsy‐Yu , Peng Yan‐Qiong , Chou Lien‐Siang , Kjellberg Finn 
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: Highly portable microsatellite primers were developed for Ficus to facilitate investigation of genetic structure of complete regional floras using a single set of markers.• Methods and Results: Pyrosequencing of five species of Ficus produced a library of 5723 potential primers. Potential primers found in at least two species and presenting identical annealing temperatures were tested on a set of five additional Ficus species. A set of 20 primer pairs producing well‐defined and easily readable peaks was retained and tests showed their potential utility for analyzing population genetic structure of 24 Ficus species from Taiwan. Numbers of alleles per locus ranged from one to six in the least variable species and from one to 17 in the most variable species.• Conclusions: The results indicate that our set of primers can be used to analyze polymorphism and compare levels of polymorphism among Ficus species.
Development of microsatellite markers for the dove tree, Davidia involucrata (Nyssaceae), a rare endemic from China
Authors: Du Yu‐juan , Dai Qiong‐yan , Zhang Lu‐yi , Qiu Ying‐xiong , Li Jian‐hua , Fu Cheng‐Xin 
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for the endangered Davidia involucrata to assess the population genetics and infer its evolutionary history.• Methods and Results: Using both the modified magnetic bead hybridization method and the dual‐suppression PCR method, we isolated and characterized 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci using 134 individuals from five populations in southwestern China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 21 (mean = 10.8). The expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.404 to 0.918 and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.015 to 0.821.• Conclusions: All of the 12 microsatellite markers developed for D. involucrata are polymorphic, and lay a solid foundation for further studies of the population genetics of this famous tree.
Low levels of climate niche conservatism may explain clade diversity patterns in the South African genusPelargonium(Geraniaceae)
Authors: Martínez‐Cabrera Hugo I. , Schlichting Carl D. , Silander John A. , Jones Cynthia S. 
Published: April 2012

•Premise of the study:Sharp climatic gradients in South Africa and in particular in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) provide a diversity of niches over short distances that may have promoted ecological diversification in local clades. Here we measured the extent to which closely related species occupy divergent climates and test whether niche lability is correlated with higher species diversity in the genus.•Method:We integrated phylogenetic information and environmental niche models (ENM) to assess the levels of climate niche conservatism. ENMs for 113 species ofPelargoniumwere calculated using maximum entropy. We used two tests, one assessing climate niche equivalency and the other testing niche similarity between sister species and within sections. We also examined whether niche similarity was correlated with phylogenetic relatedness across the genus.•Key results:Niche similarity was mostly independent of phylogenetic relationships. Compared to random expectations, 23% of closely related species pairs had climate niches that were more similar, and only 6.5% were more disparate; the remaining 70% of comparisons had similarities that fell within random expectations. Similar trends were observed when analyses were restricted to only sister species pairs. Although the overall proportion of niche divergence was low, this was significantly related to sectional diversity. We also found a negative relationship between diversity and the proportion of random niches.•Conclusions:Lack of widespread niche conservatism in a highly heterogeneous landscape and few instances of significant climate niche lability suggest that an adaptive divergence process was implicated in thePelargoniumradiation.
Small Business Support of Youth Physical Activity Opportunities
Authors: Suminski Richard R. , Ding Ding 
Published: May 2012

Purpose. Describe small business support for youth physical activity opportunities (YPAO) and identify factors associated with this support. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of quantitative data relating business characteristics and support for YPAO. Setting. Eight demographically heterogeneous, urban neighborhoods in a Midwest metropolitan area. Subjects. Adult small business owners (n = 90; 65% response rate; mean age 48.4 years; 73.3% male; 45.2% minority). Measures. Neighborhood demographics from the 2000 U.S. Census and self-reported business and owner characteristics. Analysis. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to contrast business and owner characteristics between businesses that did and did not support YPAO. Results. Businesses supporting YPAO had larger annual operating (F = 7.6; p = .018) and advertising budgets (F = 8.5; p = .009) and had younger owners (F = 6.1; p = .034), with sports backgrounds (χ2 = 5.6; p = .018) and who felt businesses should support YPAO (χ2 = 3.8; p = .048). Of the 46 businesses not supporting YPAO, 82.6% felt small businesses should support YPAO. The major reasons for nonsupport were difficulty identifying YPAO to support and not being asked for support. Conclusions. Business (e.g., budgets) and business owner characteristics (e.g., age), owner connectedness with YPAO, and the approach used for garnering support (active solicitation, clearly defined support mechanism) were associated with supporting YPAO. Additional business (e.g., annual revenues), owner (e.g., perceptions of YPAO), and environmental (e.g., crime rate, land use) factors should be examined as potential correlates.
A University System-Wide Qualitative Investigation into Student Physical Activity Promotion Conducted on College Campuses
Authors: Milroy Jeffrey J. , Wyrick David L. , Bibeau Daniel L. , Strack Robert W. , Davis Paul G. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose. This study aimed to examine college student physical activity promotion. Design. A cross-sectional approach to qualitative research was used. Setting. Southeastern state university system. Participants. Fourteen of 15 (93%) universities recruited were included in this study; 22 university employees participated in a semistructured interview. Method. Nonprobabilistic purposive and snowball sampling strategies were used to recruit individuals who were likely to be engaged in physical activity promotion efforts on their respective campuses. Thematic analyses lead to the identification of emerging themes that were coded and analyzed using NVivo software. Results. Themes informed three main areas: key personnel responsible for promoting physical activity to students, actual physical activity promotion efforts implemented, and factors that influence student physical activity promotion. Results suggest that ecological approaches to promote physical activity on college campuses are underused, the targeting of mediators of physical activity in college students is limited, and values held by university administration influence campus physical activity promotion. Conclusion. Findings support recommendations for future research and practice. Practitioners should attempt to implement social ecological approaches that target scientifically established mediators of physical activity in college students. Replication of this study is needed to compare these findings with other types of universities, and to investigate the relationship between promotion activities (type and exposure) and physical activity behaviors of college students.
Associations between the Worksite Environment and Perceived Health Culture
Authors: Hoebbel Cassandra , Golaszewski Thomas , Swanson Mya , Dorn Joan 
Published: May 2012

Purpose. Recognition regarding the importance of health culture in the worksite health promotion literature is growing; however, little empirical evidence exists to guide programmatic or research efforts. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the health supporting structural features of the workplace and perceived health culture. Design. Cross-sectional. Sample. Twenty-one worksites with culture data from 2467 employees from Western New York. Measures. The Heart Check (HC) and Lifegain Health Culture Audit (LHCA) were used to assess worksite environment and worksite health culture, respectively. Analysis. Pearson r was used to examine the associations between HC factors and LHCA mean scores. Multiple linear regression was used to predict LHCA mean scores from selected HC factors. Results. Adjusting for age and gender, several significant correlations between HC and LHCA scores were identified, ranging from r = .54 (p < .05) to r = .72 (p <. 001). The HC Environmental Structure factor (HCES) and HC Communication factor (HCC) were significantly correlated to LHCA scores (r = .55 and r = .72, respectively; p < .01) but not to each other. A regression model combining HCES and HCC was found to be predictive of LHCA score (R2 = .69, p < .001). Conclusions. Modifiable components of the worksite environment are strongly and positively related to employee perceptions of the worksite health culture.
Is Bigger Still Better? The Decline of the Wage Premium at Large Firms
Authors: Even William E. , Macpherson David A. 
Published: May 2012

This study shows that the wage premium paid by large firms fell over the past 20 years and that this decline in the size premium is most pronounced among the least educated workers. Empirical evidence supports several explanations for the shrinking size premium. First, there has been a convergence in the returns to worker characteristics at large and small firms over time. Second, small and large firms are hiring more workers with similar characteristics. Particularly important are the declining share of workers at large manufacturing firms and the rising share of workers at large retail firms. Also, the greater decline of unionism at large firms has contributed significantly to the decline in the size premium.
A Survey of US Dental Practices’ use of Social Media
Authors: Henry Rachel K , Molnar Amy , Henry Jon C 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
Social media is becoming the way for businesses, including health care professionals, to communicate with consumers. The study examines the use of social media by dental practices in the US.

Materials and methods
An electronic survey was sent to 22,682 dentists in the United States. The survey consisted of questions related to the use of social media in the dental practice. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparisons were made using a Fisher's exact test.

Results
A total of 573 responses were received. Social media was used in 52% of dental practices, the most common being Facebook. The use of social media was most commonly for marketing purposes (91%). Dentists younger than 45 years old were more likely to use social media in their practice than dentists 45 years or older (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Dental practices actively use social media for marketing and communication. Many dentists are unsure how to measure the success of social media in their practice. Additional research is needed to measure the success of social media in a dental practice.

Clinical significance
Social media is a common way practices market and interact with their patients. There are some difficulties in determining what appropriate content for social media is and how to evaluate the success.

How to cite this article
Henry RK, Molnar A, Henry JC. A Survey of US Dental Practices’ use of Social Media. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):137-141.
Relating the Marginal Fit of the Castings to the Accuracy of the Impressions made from Laminated Hydrocolloid Impression Technique: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sinha Manish , Thakur Bhavana , Gaikwad Ajay , Chaudhari Lalitkumar Dnyandeo , Kulkarni Adwait , Kulkarni Harshal 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
Relating the marginal fit of the castings, to the accuracy of the impression produced using laminated hydrocolloid impression technique, alginate and double-mixed polyvinyl siloxane. Basic objective of the study is to check the feasibility of the use of laminated hydrocolloid impression technique in the fixed partial denture.

Materials and methods
The precisely machined metal die was designed to simulate standard complete metal crown preparation. The preparation was mounted on cylindrical base of 20 mm length and diameter of 10 mm. Seven impressions were made from the each impression material onto the metal die, and total 21 impressions were obtained from all three impression materials, which were poured by the die stone, and stone die was prepared. Wax patterns were fabricated on stone dies obtained from each impression and then casting was done. All the castings were checked for the marginal fit on metal die after applying a uniform standardized load of 30 pounds using measuring microscope.

Results
Result revealed that the marginal fit of the castings obtained from group II (laminated hydrocolloid technique) and group III (double-mix polyvinyl polysiloxane) did not show the significant difference between the two of them. Marginal gap of the castings obtained from group I are significantly greater in comparison to the castings obtained from groups II and III (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Group II (laminated hydrocolloid technique) impression material may be the choice of many clinicians over group III (double-mix polyvinyl polysiloxane) impression material. Group I (alginate impression material), though very cost-effective and easy to handle may not able to produce accurate results.

Clinical significance
The study gives overview of the best impression material that can be used clinically. Laminated hydrocolloid technique is the technique of choice.

How to cite this article
Sinha M, Thakur B, Gaikwad A, Chaudhari LD, Kulkarni A, Kulkarni H. Relating the Marginal Fit of the Castings to the Accuracy of the Impressions made from Laminated Hydrocolloid Impression Technique: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):167-172.
A Nonsurgical Technique for the Removal of Overextended Gutta-Percha
Authors: Silva Emmanuel JNL , Herrera Daniel R , Lima Thiago F , Zaia Alexandre A 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAimThe present report describes and discusses a nonsurgical technique for the removal of overextended gutta-percha.BackgroundMechanical irritation results from overextension and the overextended material used during root canal obturation could produce an inflammatory reaction with an area of rarefaction in the periapical tissues. The healing process is not affected by the presence of filling materials as it is well tolerate by the periapical tissues, but it is accepted that a higher failure rate is found in overfilled teeth.Case reportThis clinical report describes one case with an overextended gutta-percha cone and a new nonsurgical technique to remove this material.ConclusionThe technique described is a conservative, safe and plausible option to remove extruded gutta-percha in periapical area.Clinical significanceOverextended gutta-percha cones could increase the failure of endodontic therapy. Commonly surgical procedures are indicated to remove this overextended material, but this nonsurgical technique could be a better treatment alternative and could increase the chances of success.How to cite this articleSilva EJNL, Herrera DR, Lima TF, Zaia AA. A Nonsurgical Technique for the Removal of Overextended Gutta-Percha. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):219-221.
Oral Rehabilitation of a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta using Removable Overlay Denture: A Clinical Report
Authors: Vojdani Mahroo , Ghodsi S , Rasaeipour S 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was oral rehabilitation of 17-yearold patient with amelogenesis imperfecta using removable overlay denture in order to satisfy her esthetic and functional expectations and enhance her self-image.BackgroundAmelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of genetic disorders that primarily affect the quality and quantity of amelogenesis in both primary and permanent dentitions. The main clinical characteristics are severe attrition, tooth sensitivity and unesthetic appearance.Case reportThis clinical report illustrates the oral rehabilitation of a 17-year-old girl with hypoplastic-hypomature type of AI with cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) overlay removable partial denture (ORPD) that is one of the most economical and biocompatible replacements for noble metal and nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy.ConclusionThe presented case report suggests that Co-Cr ORPD can be a good temporary or even permanent treatment option for AI patients with limited budget, low esthetic concerns or medical limitations.Clinical significanceThere are major advantages in cast metal ORPDs; they are simpler, less traumatic and less expensive than fixed prosthetic options. This case report supports their use in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta.How to cite this articleGhodsi S, Rasaeipour S, Vojdani M. Oral Rehabilitation of a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta using Removable Overlay Denture: A Clinical Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):227-231.
A Starter's Guide to Preclinical Teeth Arrangement: Simplified Clinometer
Authors: Reddy K Srinivas , Rao N Venugopal , Sudheer A , Rao C Sathya Nageswar 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Arrangement of artificial teeth in a bilaterally symmetrical fashion with proper inclinations of teeth had been a challenging task for beginners. A variety of tools and guiding equipment have been developed to help students to learn teeth arrangement. Unfortunately, those tools were either costly or unsuitable for use with mean value articulators. This article attempts to introduce a simplified clinometer which can be attached to mean value articulator and can be used as a guide to arrange teeth in a bilaterally symmetrical manner by the undergraduates in both clinical and preclinical set-up.

Clinical significance
Training of the future dentists in sound esthetic principles in a preclinical environment, using this device, will increase the final clinical efficacy of their work.

Aim
The aim of this article is to provide a simple but effective device to undergraduate students to help them learn teeth arrangement easily and systematically.

How to cite this article
Rao NV, Sudheer A, Rao CSN Reddy KS. A Starter's Guide to Preclinical Teeth Arrangement: Simplified Clinometer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):236-239.
Dynamic Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment–Geriatric Version (DLOTCA–G): Assessing Change in Cognitive Performance
Authors: Katz Noomi , Averbuch Sarah , Bar-Haim Erez Asnat 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We studied the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the new Dynamic Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment–Geriatric Version (DLOTCA–G), a dynamic version of the Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment–Geriatric Version (LOTCA–G), and examined the properties of the mediation system.
METHOD. Participants included 61 clients hospitalized after stroke in three rehabilitation centers (mean age = 77.6 yr, standard deviation [SD] = 6.2) and 52 healthy control participants (mean age = 77.8 yr, SD = 6.4). All participants were assessed with the DLOTCA–G.
RESULTS. Internal consistency reliability showed moderate to high α coefficient levels in all domains (αs = .68–.85) except the Memory domain (α = .26). Both groups benefitted from mediation, but the stroke clients needed more concrete levels of mediation (Levels 3–5).
CONCLUSION. The addition of mediation to the LOTCA–G is effective in providing insights into clients’ cognitive status and learning potential. Our findings are similar to the results of the validation study for the DLOTCA for adults and support the use and benefits of the dynamic version.
Studying optical and nonlinear optical properties of synthesized azo dyes doped in polymer and liquid crystal using birefringence and Z‐ scan techniques
Authors: Nataj Nahid Hosain , Mohajerani Ezeddin , Nemati Hosein , Moheghi Alireza , Yazdanbakhsh Mohammad Reza , Goli Mohammad , Mohammadi Asadollah 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe authors report the effect of the structure of new synthesized photo‐responsive azo dyes, based on N‐benzyl‐N‐ethyl‐aniline on their optical and nonlinear optical properties, when doped in polymer and liquid crystal (LC) hosts. Anisotropic response of dyes doped with polymer polymethyl methacrylate is studied using photo‐induced birefringence experiment and the optical nonlinearity of dyes doped in LC 5CB is measured using z‐scan technique. A correlation is established between dipole moment and optical/nonlinear optical response, which makes it possible to develop molecular design strategies to create structures with suitable anisotropic response and nonlinearity in various host systems for different applications. It is also shown how very little change in the structure of the dye may cause severe changes in the dipole moment and its nonlinear response. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013