bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Humoral and Cellular Immunity Following Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Compared to Symptomatic Infection in Education (The ACE Cohort)
Authors: Hopkins Georgina , Gomez Nancy , Tucis Davis , Bartlett Laura , Steers Graham , Burns Ellie , Brown Michaela , Harvey-Cowlishaw Tyler , Santos Rute , Lauder Sarah N , Scurr Martin , Capitani Lorenzo , Burnell Stephanie , Rees Tara , Smart Kathryn , Somerville Michelle , Gallimore Awen , Perera Marianne , Potts Martin , Metaxaki Marina , Krishna Benjamin , Jackson Hannah , Tighe Paddy , Onion David , Godkin Andrew , Wills Mark , Fairclough Lucy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections were widely reported during the COVID-19 pandemic, acting as a hidden source of infection. Many existing studies investigating asymptomatic immunity failed to recruit true asymptomatic individuals. Thus, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study to evaluate humoral- and cell-mediated responses to infection and vaccination in well-defined asymptomatic young adults (the Asymptomatic COVID-19 in Education [ACE] cohort).

Methods
Asymptomatic testing services located at three UK universities identified asymptomatic young adults who were subsequently recruited with age- and sex-matched symptomatic and uninfected controls. Blood and saliva samples were collected after SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan infection, and again after vaccination. 51 participant’s anti-spike antibody titres, neutralizing antibodies, and spike-specific T-cell responses were measured, against both Wuhan and Omicron B.1.1.529.1.

Results
Asymptomatic participants exhibited reduced Wuhan-specific neutralization antibodies pre- and post-vaccination, as well as fewer Omicron-specific neutralization antibodies post-vaccination, compared to symptomatic participants. Lower Wuhan and Omicron-specific IgG titres in asymptomatic individuals were also observed pre- and post-vaccination, compared to symptomatic participants. There were no differences in salivary IgA levels. Conventional flow cytometry analysis and multi-dimensional clustering analysis indicated unvaccinated asymptomatic participants had significantly fewer Wuhan-specific IL-2 secreting CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells and activated CD8+ T cells than symptomatic participants, though these differences dissipated after vaccination.

Conclusions
Asymptomatic infection results in decreased antibody and T cell responses to further exposure to SARS-CoV-2 variants, compared to symptomatic infection. Post-vaccination, antibody responses are still inferior, but T cell immunity increases to match symptomatic subjects, emphasising the importance of vaccination to help protect asymptomatic individuals against future variants.
The Chemistry of the Defensive Secretions of Three Species of Millipedes in the Genus Brachycybe
Authors: Banks Paige , Funkhouser Emma M. , Macias Angie M. , Lovett Brian , Meador Shelby , Hatch Arden , Garraffo H. Martin , Cartwright Kaitie C. , Kasson Matt T. , Marek Paul E. , Jones Tappey H. , Mevers Emily 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMillipedes have long been known to produce a diverse array of chemical defense agents that deter predation. These compounds, or their precursors, are stored in high concentration within glands (ozadenes) and are released upon disturbance. The subterclass Colobognatha contains four orders of millipedes, all of which are known to produce terpenoid alkaloids—spare the Siphonophorida that produce terpenes. Although these compounds represent some of the most structurally-intriguing millipede-derived natural products, they are the least studied class of millipede defensive secretions. Here, we describe the chemistry of millipede defensive secretions from three species of Brachycybe: Brachycybe producta, Brachycybe petasata, and Brachycybe rosea. Chemical investigations using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, chemical synthesis, and 2D NMR led to the identification of five alkaloids, three of which are new to the literature. All identified compounds are monoterpene alkaloids with the new compounds representing indolizidine (i.e. hydrogosodesmine) and quinolizidine alkaloids (i.e. homogosodesmine and homo-hydrogosodesmine). The chemical diversity of these compounds tracks the known species phylogeny of this genus, rather than the geographical proximity of the species. The indolizidines and quinolizidines are produced by non-sympatric sister species, B. producta and B. petasata, while deoxybuzonamine is produced by another set of non-sympatric sister species, B. rosea and Brachycybe lecontii. The fidelity between the chemical diversity and phylogeny strongly suggests that millipedes generate these complex defensive agents de novo and begins to provide insights into the evolution of their biochemical pathways.
Virtual clinical trials via a QSP immuno-oncology model to simulate the response to a conditionally activated PD-L1 targeting antibody in NSCLC
Authors: Ippolito Alberto , Wang Hanwen , Zhang Yu , Vakil Vahideh , Popel Aleksander S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently, immunotherapies for antitumoral response have adopted conditionally activated molecules with the objective of reducing systemic toxicity. Amongst these are conditionally activated antibodies, such as PROBODY® activatable therapeutics (Pb-Tx), engineered to be proteolytically activated by proteases found locally in the tumor microenvironment (TME). These PROBODY® therapeutics molecules have shown potential as PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in several cancer types, including both effectiveness and locality of action of the molecule as shown by several clinical trials and imaging studies. Here, we perform an exploratory study using our recently published quantitative systems pharmacology model, previously validated for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), to computationally predict the effectiveness and targeting specificity of a PROBODY® therapeutics drug compared to the non-modified antibody. We begin with the analysis of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As a first contribution, we have improved previous virtual patient selection methods using the omics data provided by the iAtlas database portal compared to methods previously published in literature. Furthermore, our results suggest that masking an antibody maintains its efficacy while improving the localization of active therapeutic in the TME. Additionally, we generalize the model by evaluating the dependence of the response to the tumor mutational burden, independently of cancer type, as well as to other key biomarkers, such as CD8/Treg Tcell and M1/M2 macrophage ratio. While our results are obtained from simulations on NSCLC, our findings are generalizable to other cancer types and suggest that an effective and highly selective conditionally activated PROBODY® therapeutics molecule is a feasible option.
Mechanisms and clinical landscape of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in gastrointestinal tract cancers
Authors: Zhu Dan-Hua , Su Kun-Kai , Ou-Yang Xiao-Xi , Zhang Yan-Hong , Yu Xiao-Peng , Li Zu-Hong , Ahmadi-Nishaboori Seyedeh-Sara , Li Lan-Juan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEpigenetics encompasses reversible and heritable chemical modifications of non-nuclear DNA sequences, including DNA and RNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA modifications, and chromatin rearrangements. In addition to well-studied DNA and histone methylation, RNA methylation has emerged as a hot topic in biological sciences over the past decade. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant modification in eukaryotic mRNA, affecting all RNA stages, including transcription, translation, and degradation. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies made it feasible to identify the chemical basis and biological functions of m6A RNA. Dysregulation of m6A levels and associated modifying proteins can both inhibit and promote cancer, highlighting the importance of the tumor microenvironment in diverse biological processes. Gastrointestinal tract cancers, including gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, are among the most common and deadly malignancies in humans. Growing evidence suggests a close association between m6A levels and the progression of gastrointestinal tumors. Global m6A modification levels are substantially modified in gastrointestinal tumor tissues and cell lines compared to healthy tissues and cells, possibly influencing various biological behaviors such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of m6A-related proteins is critical from a clinical standpoint. Developing more specific and effective m6A modulators offers new options for treating these tumors and deeper insights into gastrointestinal tract cancers.
An investigation of the longitudinal trajectory patterns of health-related quality of life among Australians with disabilities: explaining disability types and properties
Authors: Hashmi Rubayyat , Keating Byron W. , Ali Mohammad Afshar , Keramat Syed Afroz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Research on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) trajectory patterns for people with disabilities (PwD) is scant. Understanding the HRQoL trajectory patterns for PwDs and investigating their relationship with disability types and socioeconomic factors can have important implications for Australia’s welfare policy.

Methods
We analysed data from waves 11 to 21 of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey of respondents aged 15 + years of the PwDs. The analytic sample consists of 3724 self-reported disabled individuals and 34,539 observations in total. The SF-6D utility score is our HRQoL measure. Group-based trajectory modelling was utilised to identify trajectory groups, and multinomial logistic regression was employed to determine the baseline factors associated with trajectory group membership.

Results
The study identified four distinct types of HRQoL trajectories (high, moderate improving, moderate deteriorating and low HRQoL trajectories). Psychosocial disability types followed by physical disability types had a high Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) in the low group compared with high trajectory group membership of PwDs (psychosocial: 6.090, physical: 3.524). Similar, results followed for the moderate improving group albeit with lower RRR (psychosocial: 2.868, Physical: 1.820). In the moderate deteriorating group, the disability types were not significant as this group has a similar profile to high group at the baseline. Compared with males, females had a higher RRR in low and moderate versus high improving HRQoL trajectories (low: 1.532, moderate improving: 1.237). Comparing the richest class to the poorest class, socioeconomic factors (income and education) predicted significantly lower exposure for the richer class to the low and medium HRQoL trajectories groups (RRR < 1).

Conclusion
Different forms of disability, demographic and socioeconomic factors have distinct effects on the HRQoL trajectories of disabled individuals. Healthcare and economic resource efficiency might be improved with targeted government policy interventions based on disability trajectories.
The impacts of inter- and intra-seasonal burns on the terrestrial orchid Pterostylis curta
Authors: Thomsen Alexandria M. , Davies Richard J. P. , Ooi Mark K. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrescribed burning is a management tool used for both management of fuel loads and for ecological purposes across fire prone areas. While in temperate areas wildfires usually occur during the hottest summer months, prescribed burns are generally conducted in autumn and spring, when conditions are more suitable for controlling fire. Orchids maintain avoidance mechanisms, such as persisting as dormant tubers during the predominant fire season, and therefore may be at risk from prescribed burns occurring during their active life cycle period. Using a glasshouse experiment, we investigated the impacts of fire season on the Australian orchid species Pterostylis curta. This approach allowed us to i) implement seasonal burns and relate impacts to quantifiable above and belowground life cycle stages of the study species, ii) isolate and assess the role of smoke, and iii) control for fire intensity and life stage of the study species at each of the treatment levels to enable robust comparison focused on fire season effects. We found that late autumn burns caused complete failure of a cohort in our glasshouse study. Heat alone was not the driver of tuber mortality, because soil heating was similar across all burn seasons, and plants burnt in the three other seasons were able to re-emerge strongly in the growing season after fire. Furthermore, a lack of post-fire emergence was due to tuber mortality, not dormancy. Our results highlight that there is likely an interaction between fire-related heat and the life cycle stage at which burning occurs, especially replacement tuber initiation, that drives post-fire demography. We show that orchids like P. curta had the lowest risk of negative impacts when burnt in the later stages of their growing season, and that an understanding of finer-scale phenological cycles can inform more robust fire management of orchid species.
High temperature and solar radiation in the Red Sea enhance the dissolution of crude oil from surface films
Authors: Kottuparambil Sreejith , Ashok Ananya , López Patricia , Amad Maan H. , Duarte Carlos M. , Agusti Susana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Red Sea is a hotspot of biodiversity susceptible to oil pollution. Besides, it is one of the warmest seas on the Earth with highly transparent waters. In this study, we estimated the oil dissolution rates under natural sunlight spectra and temperature conditions using coastal oil slicks collected after the 2019 Sabiti oil spill in the Red Sea. Optical analyses revealed the significant interactive effect of sunlight and temperature in enhancing the dissolution of oil into dissolved organic matter (DOM). The highest oil dissolution rate (38.68 g C m−3 d−1) was observed in full-spectrum sunlight. Oil dissolution significantly enhanced total organic carbon (TOC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seawater. High nucleic acid (HNA) bacteria, likely the oil degraders, proliferated from 30 to 70 – 90% after 4 days. The heavier stable carbon isotopic composition of methane (δ13C-CH4) and lighter stable carbon isotopic composition of carbon dioxide (δ13C-CO2) indicate the putative role of bacterial processes in the natural degradation of crude oil. The results indicated that the combined effect of temperature and solar radiation enhanced the biological and photochemical dissolution of oil on the Red Sea surface.
Measuring financial divide in the rural environment. The potential role of the digital transformation of finance
Authors: Gallego-Losada María-Jesús , Montero-Navarro Antonio , Gallego-Losada Rocío , Rodríguez-Sánchez José-Luis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFinancial inclusion, which means the promotion of an affordable, timely and adequate access to a wide range of regulated financial products and services, as well as its use by all the segments of the society, is a high potential tool that may contribute to the development of the rural environment, while its absence could in turn cause a major harm. The availability of a sufficient level of financial literacy, which can be defined as the ability to understand financial concepts and risks, as well as the motivation and trust to use it when making financial decisions, is frequently deemed to be a need to reach financial inclusion by the academic literature. Financial literacy is, in turn, influenced by different variables, such as the degree of rural or urban predominance, the level of education and the available income in the household. This paper analyses the impact of such factors on financial literacy. The degree of financial literacy tends to be lower in rural environments, with limited incomes and poorer educational backgrounds, which creates a vicious circle that potentially worsens the situation of what has been called the empty Spain. Considering the importance of financial literacy to reach financial inclusion, we remark the potential of digital transformation as a valuable tool to break this negative trend in the less populated Spanish regions, and so, a cornerstone for the regenerative development of the Spanish rural areas.
Problematic Gaming and Students’ Academic Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alzahrani Alanood Khalid D , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Research indicates that videogames can have many benefits. However, gaming can be problematic for some individuals. Consequently, over the past two decades, researchers have actively studied the risk factors and consequences of problematic gaming and gaming disorder which may affect many aspects of individuals’ lives, including their academic performance.

Method
The present study is the first ever systematic review of studies examining the relationship between problematic gaming and student academic performance utilising the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 27 empirical studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for review.

Results
Most of the studies (n = 24) reported a negative relationship between problematic gaming and academic performance. Moreover, older studies (conducted before 2015) suggest that problematic gaming was a significant factor in predicting poor academic performance. However, most of the recent studies have found the opposite, showing that problematic gaming is not a significant predictor for academic performance and/or that academic performance is a significant factor in predicting problematic gaming. Overall, the findings suggest that poor academic performance is more likely to be a cause for problematic gaming rather than a consequence based on more recent studies.

Conclusion
Although most of the reviewed studies showed a negative relationship between problematic gaming and academic performance, research is still limited in this area because most the reviewed studies had a cross-sectional design that are unable to establish the direction of the effect. Therefore, more studies with methodological approaches that can determine the causality between problematic gaming and poor academic performance are needed.
Health technology assessment in musculoskeletal radiology: the case study of EOSedge™
Authors: Tomaiuolo Rossella , Banfi Giuseppe , Messina Carmelo , Albano Domenico , Gitto Salvatore , Sconfienza Luca Maria 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Health technology assessment (HTA) is a systematic process used to evaluate the properties and effects of healthcare technologies within their intended use context. This paper describes the adoption of HTA process to assess the adoption of the EOSedge™ system in clinical practice.

Methods
The EOSedge™ system is a digital radiography system that delivers whole-body, high-quality 2D/3D biplanar images covering the complete set of musculoskeletal and orthopedic exams. Full HTA model was chosen using the EUnetHTA Core Model® version 3.0. The HTA Core Model organizes the information into nine domains. Information was researched and obtained by consulting the manufacturers’ user manuals, scientific literature, and institutional sites for regulatory aspects.

Results
All nine domains of the EUnetHTA Core Model® helped conduct the HTA of the EOSedge, including (1) description and technical characteristics of the technology; (2) health problem and current clinical practice; (3) safety; (4) clinical effectiveness; (5) organizational aspects; (6) economic evaluation; (7) impact on the patient; (8) ethical aspects; and (9) legal aspects.

Conclusions
EOS technologies may be a viable alternative to conventional radiographs. EOSedge has the same intended use and similar indications for use, technological characteristics, and operation principles as the EOS System and provides significant dose reduction factors for whole spine imaging compared to the EOS System without compromising image quality. Regarding the impact of EOS imaging on patient outcomes, most studies aim to establish technical ability without evaluating their ability to improve patient outcomes; thus, more studies on this aspect are warranted.
The usefulness of combined analysis using CIScore and VSRAD parameters for differentiating between dementia with Lewy body and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Honda Gaku , Nagamachi Shigeki , Takahashi Mai , Higuma Yukie , Tani Tomonobu , Hida Kosuke , Yoshimitsu Kengo , Ogomori Koji , Tsuboi Yoshio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The Cingulate Island score (CIScore) is useful index for differentiating between dementia with Lewy body (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) SPECT. The Z score standing for medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy and the ratio of Z score between dorsal brain stem (DBS) to MTL are useful indices for differentiating between DLB and AD using MRI with VSRAD. The current study investigated the diagnostic ability by the combined use of rCBF SPECT and MRI in the differentiation between AD and DLB.

Materials and methods
In cases with 42 AD and 28 DLB undertaken Tc-99m-ECD SPECT and MRI, we analyzed differential diagnostic ability between AD and DLB among following conditions by single or combined settings. Namely, they were (1) the CIScore as a parameter of rCBF SPECT (DLB ≦ 0.25), (2) Z score value of MTL atrophy (DLB ≦ 2.05), (3) the ratio of Z score of DBS to medial temporal gray matter as a parameter of brain atrophy using VSRAD (DLB ≧ 0.38). Also, we analyzed them both including and omitting the elderly (over 75 years old).

Results
The accuracy of differential diagnosis in this condition was 74% for (1), 69% for (2), and 67% for (3). The accuracy by combination condition was 84% for (1) and (2), 81% for (1) and (3), and 67% for (2) and (3), respectively. The combination method by CIScore and the Z score of MTL showed the best accuracy. When we confined condition to ages younger than 75 years, the accuracy improved to 94% in the combination method.

Conclusion
The combined use of CIScore and Z score of MTL was suggested to be useful in the differential diagnosis between DLB and AD particularly in younger than 75 years old.