bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Growth Factor and Platelet Concentration From Commercial Platelet-Rich Plasma Separation Systems
Authors: Castillo Tiffany N. , Pouliot Michael A. , Kim Hyeon Joo , Dragoo Jason L. 
Published: November 2010

Background: Clinical studies claim that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) shortens recovery times because of its high concentration of growth factors that may enhance the tissue repair process. Most of these studies obtained PRP using different separation systems, and few analyzed the content of the PRP used as treatment. Purpose: This study characterized the composition of single-donor PRP produced by 3 commercially available PRP separation systems. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Five healthy humans donated 100 mL of blood, which was processed to produce PRP using 3 PRP concentration systems (MTF Cascade, Arteriocyte Magellan, Biomet GPS III). Platelet, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell, and fibrinogen concentrations were analyzed by automated systems in a clinical laboratory, whereas ELISA determined the concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor αβ and ββ (PDGF-αβ, PDGF-ββ), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results: There was no significant difference in mean PRP platelet, red blood cell, active TGF-β1, or fibrinogen concentrations among PRP separation systems. There was a significant difference in platelet capture efficiency. The highest platelet capture efficiency was obtained with Cascade, which was comparable with Magellan but significantly higher than GPS III. There was a significant difference among all systems in the concentrations of WBC, PDGF-αβ, PDGF-ββ, and VEGF. The Cascade system concentrated leukocyte-poor PRP, compared with leukocyte-rich PRP from the GPS III and Magellan systems. Conclusion: The GPS III and Magellan concentrate leukocyte-rich PRP, which results in increased concentrations of WBCs, PDGF-αβ, PDGF-ββ, and VEGF as compared with the leukocyte-poor PRP from Cascade. Overall, there was no significant difference among systems in the platelet concentration, red blood cell, active TGF-β1, or fibrinogen levels. Clinical Relevance: Products from commercially available PRP separation systems produce differing concentrations of growth factors and WBCs. Further research is necessary to determine the clinical relevance of these findings.
Use of health services and medicines amongst Australian war veterans: a comparison of young elderly, near centenarians and centenarians
Authors: Roughead Elizabeth E , Kalisch Lisa M , Ramsay Emmae N , Ryan Philip , Gilbert Andrew L 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Age and life expectancy of residents in many developed countries, including Australia, is increasing. Health resource and medicine use in the very old is not well studied. The purpose of this study was to identify annual use of health services and medicines by very old Australian veterans; those aged 95 to 99 years (near centenarians) and those aged 100 years and over (centenarians).

Methods
The study population included veterans eligible for all health services subsidised by the Department of Veterans' Affairs (DVA) aged 95 years and over at August 1st 2006. A cohort of veterans aged 65 to 74 years was identified for comparison. Data were sourced from DVA claims databases. We identified all claims between August 1st 2006 and July 31st 2007 for medical consultations, pathology, diagnostic imaging and allied health services, hospital admissions, number of prescriptions and unique medicines. Chi squared tests were used to compare the proportion of centenarians (those aged 100 years and over) and near centenarians (those aged 95 to 99 years) who accessed medicines and health services with the 65 to 74 year age group. For those who accessed health services during follow up, Poisson regression was used to compare differences in the number of times centenarians and near centenarians accessed each health service compared to 65 to 74 year olds.

Results
A similar proportion (98%) of centenarians and near centenarians compared to those aged 65 to 74 consulted a GP and received prescription medicine during follow up. A lower proportion of centenarians and near centenarians had claims for specialist visits (36% and 57% respectively), hospitalisation (19% and 24%), dental (12% and 18%), physiotherapy (13% and 15%), pathology(68% and 78%) and diagnostic imaging services (51% and 68%) (p < 0.0001) and a higher proportion had claims for care plans (19% and 25%), occupational therapy (15% and 17%) and podiatry services (54% and 58%) (p < 0.0001). Compared to those aged 65 to 74, a lower proportion of centenarians and near centenarians received antihypertensives, lipid lowering therapy, antiinflammatories, and antidepressants (p < 0.0001) and a higher proportion received antibiotics, analgesics, diuretics, laxatives, and anti-anaemics (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Medical consultations and medicines are the health services most frequently accessed by Australian veteran centenarians and near centenarians. For most health services, the proportion of very old people who access them is similar to or less than younger elderly. Our results support the findings of other studies which suggest that longevity is not necessarily associated with excessive health service use.
The challenge of long waiting lists: how we implemented a GP referral system for non-urgent specialist' appointments at an Australian public hospital
Authors: Stainkey Lesley A , Seidl Isaac A , Johnson Andrew J , Tulloch Gladys E , Pain Tilley 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Our Problem
The length of wait lists to access specialist clinics in the public system is problematic for Queensland Health, general practitioners and patients. To address this issue at The Townsville Hospital, the GP Liaison Officer, GPs and hospital staff including specialists, collaborated to develop a process to review patients waiting longer than two years. GPs frequently send referrals to public hospital specialist clinics. Once received, referrals are triaged to Category A, B or C depending on clinical criteria resulting in appointment timeframes of 30, 90 or 365 days for each category, respectively. However, hospitals often fail to meet these targets, creating a long wait list. These wait listed patients are only likely to be seen if their condition deteriorates and an updated referral upgrades them to Category A.

Process to Address the Problem
A letter sent to long wait patients offered two options 1) take no action if the appointment was no longer required or 2) visit their GP to update their referral on a clinic specific template if they felt the referral was still required. Local GPs were advised of the trial and provided education on the new template and minimum data required for specialist referrals.

What Happened
In 2008, 872 letters were sent to long wait orthopaedic patients and 101 responded. All respondents were seen at specially arranged clinics. Of these, 16 patients required procedures and the others were discharged. In 2009 the process was conducted in the specialties of orthopaedics, ENT, neurosurgery, urology, and general surgery. Via this new process 6885 patients have been contacted, 633 patients have been seen by public hospital specialists at specially arranged clinics and 197 have required a procedure.

Learnings
Since the start of this process in 2008, the wait time to access a specialist appointment has reduced from eight to two years. The process described here is achievable across a range of specialties, deliverable within the routine of the referral centre and identifies the small number of people on the long wait list in need of a procedure.
Diffusion tensor imaging correlates with cytopathology in a rat model of neonatal hydrocephalus
Authors: Yuan Weihong , Deren Kelley E , McAllister James P , Holland Scott K , Lindquist Diana M , Cancelliere Alessandro , Mason Melissa , Shereen Ahmed , Hertzler Dean A , Altaye Mekibib , Mangano Francesco T 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a non-invasive MRI technique that has been used to quantify CNS abnormalities in various pathologic conditions. This study was designed to quantify the anisotropic diffusion properties in the brain of neonatal rats with hydrocephalus (HCP) and to investigate association between DTI measurements and cytopathology.MethodsDTI data were acquired between postnatal day 7 (P7) and P12 in 12 rats with HCP induced at P2 and in 15 age-matched controls. Animals were euthanized at P11 or P22/P23 and brains were processed with immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (Iba-1), and luxol fast blue (LFB) to assess astrocytosis, microglial reactivity and degree of myelination, respectively.ResultsHydrocephalic rats were consistently found to have an abnormally low (at correctedp-level of <0.05) fractional anisotropy (FA) value and an abnormally high mean diffusivity (MD) value in the cerebral cortex (CX), the corpus callosum (CC), and the internal capsule (IC). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated trends of increasing astrocyte and microglial reactivity in HCP rats at P11 that reached statistical significance at P22/P23. A trend toward reduced myelination in the HCP rats was also found at P22/P23. Correlation analysis at P11 for the CC demonstrated statistically significant correlations (or trends) between the DTI measurement (the decreased FA and increased MD values) and the GFAP or Iba-1 rankings. The immunohistochemical rankings in the IC at P22/P23 were also significantly correlated or demonstrated a trend with both FA and MD values.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of employing DTI on the brain in experimental hydrocephalus in neonatal rats and reveals impairments in multiple regions of interest in both grey and white matter. A strong correlation was found between the immunohistochemical results and the changes in anisotropic diffusion properties.
No significantly increased frequency of the inversion polymorphism at the WBS-critical region 7q11.23 in German parents of patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome as compared to a population control
Authors: Frohnauer Judith , Caliebe Almuth , Gesk Stefan , Partsch Carl-Joachim , Siebert Reiner , Pankau Rainer , Jenderny Jutta 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Typical Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is commonly caused by a ~1.5 Mb - ~1.8 Mb heterozygous deletion of contiguous genes at chromosome region 7q11.23. The majority of WBS cases occurs sporadically but few familial cases of autosomal dominant inheritance have been reported. Recent data demonstrated the existence of the paracentric inversion polymorphism at the WBS critical region in 7q11.23 in some of the progenitors transmitting the chromosome which shows the deletion in the affected child. In parents having a child affected by WBS the prevalence of such a structural variant has been reported to be much higher (~25- ~30%) than in the general population (~1- ~6%). However, in these previously reported studies only a limited number of randomly selected patients and non transmitting parents of WBS patients were used as controls, but without specification of any clinical data. Therefore we have undertaken a German population-based molecular cytogenetic investigation. We evaluated the incidence of the paracentric inversion polymorphism at 7q11.23 analyzing interphase nuclei of lymphocytes using a three color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe.

Results
FISH analysis was carried out on couples with a child affected by WBS as compared to a population sample composed of different normal individuals: Control group I: couples with two healthy children, control group II: couples with fertility problems, planning ICSI and control group III: couples with two healthy children and one child with a chromosome aberration, not involving region 7q11.23. The three color FISH assay showed that the frequency of the paracentric inversion polymorphism at 7q11.23 in couples with a child affected by WBS was 20.8% (5 out of 24 pairs) as compared to 8.3% (2 out of 24 pairs, control group I), 25% (4 out of 16 pairs, control group II) and 9.1% (1 out of 11 pairs, control group III), respectively (total 7 out of 51 pairs, 13.8%). The frequencies differed between the groups, but this was statistically not significant (p > 0.05, Fisher's test).

Conclusion
Our results do not support the hypothesis that the paracentric inversion polymorphism at 7q11.23 is a major predisposing factor for the WBS deletion.
Expression and phylogenetic analysis of the zic gene family in the evolution and development of metazoans
Authors: Layden Michael J , Meyer Néva P , Pang Kevin , Seaver Elaine C , Martindale Mark Q 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background

zic genes are members of the gli/glis/nkl/zic super-family of C2H2 zinc finger (ZF) transcription factors. Homologs of the zic family have been implicated in patterning neural and mesodermal tissues in bilaterians. Prior to this study, the origin of the metazoan zic gene family was unknown and expression of zic gene homologs during the development of early branching metazoans had not been investigated.

Results
Phylogenetic analyses of novel zic candidate genes identified a definitive zic homolog in the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens, two gli/glis/nkl- like genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, confirmed the presence of three gli/glis/nkl-like genes in Porifera, and confirmed the five previously identified zic genes in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. In the cnidarian N. vectensis, zic homologs are expressed in ectoderm and the gastrodermis (a bifunctional endomesoderm), in presumptive and developing tentacles, and in oral and sensory apical tuft ectoderm. The Capitella teleta zic homolog (Ct-zic) is detectable in a subset of the developing nervous system, the foregut, and the mesoderm associated with the segmentally repeated chaetae. Lastly, expression of gli and glis homologs in Mnemiopsis. leidyi is detected exclusively in neural cells in floor of the apical organ.

Conclusions
Based on our analyses, we propose that the zic gene family arose in the common ancestor of the Placozoa, Cnidaria and Bilateria from a gli/glis/nkl-like gene and that both ZOC and ZF-NC domains evolved prior to cnidarian-bilaterian divergence. We also conclude that zic expression in neural ectoderm and developing neurons is pervasive throughout the Metazoa and likely evolved from neural expression of an ancestral gli/glis/nkl/zic gene. zic expression in bilaterian mesoderm may be related to the expression in the gastrodermis of a cnidarian-bilaterian common ancestor.
Security Design for Industrial Sensor Networks
Authors: Falk Rainer , Hof Hans-Joachim 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The industrial application of wireless sensor-actuator networks is attractive due to their flexibility, saving potential and ease of use. However, weak or missing security would restrain the acceptance and hinder a wide-spread use. This paper presents a security design for wireless sensor-actuator networks in industrial settings. The security design provides mandatory frame protection as well as end-to-end communication protection, authentication, and access control. Additional security mechanisms for MIMO transmission and node wake-up are described.
Analysis and Efficiency of Randomized Optimization Heuristics
Authors: Lässig Jörg 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Problems of global optimization arise in many areas of modern science and have an ample number of applications in engineering, industry and economics as for circuit design, process planning, and scheduling. There are various heuristic methods to solve these problems such as bio-inspired approaches like Evolutionary Algorithms or Particle Swarm Optimization but also simpler approaches as Simulated Annealing or Threshold Accepting. In this article we introduce new analytical approaches to understand the underlying principles in particular of parallel evolutionary methods and their parameters better. More specific, we focus on the benefit of migration in the island model of evolutionary algorithms and on the influence of migration parameters.
Waffen und Weltkriege im Museum. Wie sich die museale Darstellung der beiden Weltkriege und der Umgang mit Militaria gewandelt haben
Authors: Thiemeyer Thomas 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Lange Zeit haben Waffen und andere militärische Objekte die Hauptrolle in Ausstellungen gespielt, die sich mit den Weltkriegen befassten. Dieser Aufsatz vertritt die These, dass Waffen und Militaria in den letzten dreißig Jahren ihren Sonderstatus in Museen und Ausstellungen verloren. Sie werden in neuen Kontexten ausgestellt und übermitteln andere Botschaften. Was sind die Gründe für diese Änderungen? Welche Schlussfolgerungen ergeben sich für militärische Objekte in heutigen Ausstellungen über die zwei Weltkriege? Und was sind generell die Probleme, die Museen zu lösen haben, wenn sie Waffen ausstellen? Dies sind die Hauptfragen, die dieser Aufsatz beantworten möchte. Elf Dauerausstellungen von Militär- und Historischen Museen in England, Frankreich, Belgien und Deutschland bilden die empirische Basis für die Untersuchung. Diese Ausstellungen wurden in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten eröffnet oder werden in nächster Zeit eröffnet (etwa das Militärhistorische Museum Dresen) und präsentieren die Geschichte des Ersten und/oder Zweiten Weltkrieges aus einem nationalen oder internationalen Blickwinkel.
Keine Kommissare. Preußische Polizeioffiziere zwischen soldatischem Selbstverständnis und polizeilicher Professionalität 1919 bis 1935
Authors: Schmidt Daniel 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg hatte die Weimarer Republik ein vitales Interesse daran, eine verlässliche und effiziente Polizeiorganisation zu schaffen. Die Reformvorhaben der neuen preußischen Regierung in den frühen 1920er Jahren scheiterten jedoch – nicht zuletzt, weil die meisten Mitglieder des neuen Polizeioffizierkorps frühere preußische Armeeoffiziere waren, die fast alle in Friedenszeiten in der kaiserlichen Armee gedient hatten. Aus diesem Selbstverständnis heraus wollten sie das neue politische System nicht akzeptieren. Ganz im Gegenteil: sie formten ihre neue Umgebung nach ihren Vorstellungen. Sie führten nicht nur die Idee einer professionellen Polizei ein, die auf militärischen Standards und Traditionen fußte, sondern kultivierten auch weiterhin den aristokratischen Lebensstil von preußischen Armeeoffizieren und schufen so innerhalb des Polizeioffizierkorps eine Zweiklassengesellschaft. Unter Betonung von Kriterien wie Charakter, Männlichkeit und Habitus konnte ein selbsternannter elitärer Kreis von früheren Militäroffizieren solche Offiziere marginalisieren, deren sozialer, kultureller und beruflicher Hintergrund als fragwürdig angesehen wurde. Diese Machenschaften erzeugten eine Kultur, die, zusammen mit intensiven Netzwerkarbeiten, der alten Militärelite ihre berufliche und politische Vormachtstellung garantierte.
Die vorwiegend militärische Mentalität der Polizeioffiziere bewirkte letztendlich einen schweren Minderwertigkeitskomplex, weil die verbliebenen Reichswehroffiziere den Anspruch der Polizei auf entsprechendes Sozialprestige brüsk ablehnten. Die früheren kaiserlichen Offiziere ergriffen daher begierig die Chance, in die Armee zurückzukehren, nachdem die nationalsozialistische Regierung entschieden hatte, die deutsche Wiederbewaffnung zu forcieren und zu beschleunigen. Diese Rückkehr wurde als letzte Chance zur sozialen und militärischen Rehabilitation begriffen. Dankbar verfolgten sie mit großer Loyalität die Ziele des Dritten Reichs. Die Offiziere, die im Polizeidienst bleiben mussten, fühlten sich tief gedemütigt. Ihr Durst nach Anerkennung führte zu einem ungezügelten Wettbewerb untereinander, der ohne Zweifel zu ihrem bemerkenswert radikalen Amtsführung während des Eroberungs- und Vernichtungskriegs beitrug.
Fatigue in Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Hidden Burden of Current Targeted Therapies
Authors: Larkin James M.G. , Pyle Lynda M. , Gore Martin E. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms associated with cancer. Persistent fatigue can impair multiple aspects of daily functioning and quality of life, and patients report that treatment-related fatigue has a greater impact than other symptoms, including pain, nausea, and depression. Thus, management of fatigue is recognized as an important component of care for patients with cancer. Treatment of advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was, until recently, limited to cytokine-based therapies, which are associated with modest response rates and significant toxicity, including high rates of treatment-related fatigue. The paradigm for RCC treatment has shifted dramatically in the last 5 years with the advent of efficacious targeted therapies. These agents provide the promise of better tolerability because of their more selective mechanisms of action. However, there is considerable variation in the selectivity of targeted agents for RCC, and a review of randomized clinical trials in patients with advanced and/or metastatic disease reveals that there is considerable variation in the tolerability of these agents. Fatigue remains a prominent toxicity with current targeted therapies. Future agents that show better selectivity and potency than current targeted therapies should help to provide better efficacy and tolerability.
Barriers to Predicting the Mechanisms and Risk Factors of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Ali Nicholas , Rouhi Gholamreza 
Published: November 2010

High incidences of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, frequent requirements for ACL reconstruction, and limited understanding of ACL mechanics have engendered considerable interest in quantifying the ACL loading mechanisms. Although some progress has been made to better understand non-contact ACL injuries, information on how and why non-contact ACL injuries occur is still largely unavailable. In other words, research is yet to yield consensus on injury mechanisms and risk factors. Biomechanics, video analysis, and related study approaches have elucidated to some extent how ACL injuries occur. However, these approaches are limited because they provide estimates, rather than precise measurements of knee - and more specifically ACL - kinematics at the time of injury. These study approaches are also limited in their inability to simultaneously capture many of the contributing factors to injury.This paper aims at elucidating and summarizing the key challenges that confound our understanding in predicting the mechanisms and subsequently identifying risk factors of non-contact ACL injury. This work also appraise the methodological rigor of existing study approaches, review testing protocols employed in published studies, as well as presents a possible coupled approach to better understand injury mechanisms and risk factors of non-contact ACL injury. Three comprehensive electronic databases and hand search of journal papers, covering numerous full text published English articles were utilized to find studies on the association between ACL and injury mechanisms, ACL and risk factors, as well as, ACL and investigative approaches. This review unveils that new research modalities and/or coupled research methods are required to better understand how and why the ACL gets injured. Only by achieving a better understanding of ACL loading mechanisms and the associated contributing factors, one will be able to develop robust prevention strategies and exercise regimens to mitigate non-contact ACL injuries.