bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A RESEARCH NOTE: ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS ON COLOR OF AN IRRADIATED BOVINE MYOGLOBIN MODEL SYSTEM
Authors: STETZER ANDREA J. , NOVAKOFSKI JAN E. , BREWER MARY SUSAN 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT To determine whether antioxidants could protect meat color during irradiation, we extracted myoglobin (Mb) from beef hearts, treated it with one of four antioxidants (control, citric acid [CA], ascorbic acid [AA], ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA] or propyl gallate [PG]) and irradiated it at 0.00, 1.25, or 2.50 kGy. The myoglobin model system was then evaluated for pH; Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) L*, a* and b* values; hue angle; chroma; and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Adding CA and AA to the beef myoglobin model system resulted in higher L*, a* and b* values than did EDTA and PG, indicating that these samples were lighter, redder and more yellow. EDTA‐ and PG‐containing samples were more similar to controls containing no antioxidants. Hue angle and chroma supported these findings. Irradiation had no effect on pH, color or TBARS. These results indicate that antioxidants have more influence on beef color than irradiation and that the acidic antioxidants have the potential for preserving color.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIrradiation has the potential to reduce the microbial load on meat products, producing safer foods for consumers. However, a number of reports have indicated that irradiation can compromise the bright, cherry red color of fresh meat. Off‐color will result in consumer rejection of products that may be safe. Antioxidants have the potential to preserve meat color by affecting the state of myoglobin; however, studying these effects in vivo is challenging because of the complexity of the system. In this model system, which was devoid of enzymatic reducing systems and equivalents, the acidic antioxidants, ascorbic acid (AA) and citric acid (CA), were most effective in preserving the color of the pigment. These antioxidants appear to have the greatest potential for preserving fresh meat color during irradiation.
INFLUENCE OF HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE ON THE RHEOLOGICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHOLE WHEAT FLOUR DOUGH AND QUALITY OF PURI
Authors: SUDHA M. L. , RAO G. VENKATESWARA 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTPuri is a traditional unleavened fried product prepared from whole wheat flour. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was used to study its effect on rheological characteristics of whole wheat flour dough and puri making quality. Addition of HPMC at 0.5 and 1.0% w/w increased the water absorption and dough stability whereas the resistance to extension and extensibility decreased. Pasting temperature, peak viscosity and cold paste viscosity gradually decreased. The moisture and fat contents of puri increased marginally. Quality parameters and sensory acceptability were monitored after 0 and 8 h of storage. Addition of 0.5% HPMC gave higher sensory scores. Microscopic observations during puri processing showed that the starch granules in the control dough were clearly visible in the protein matrix, which reduced on frying due to partial gelatinization. Microstructure of puri with HPMC showed higher gelatinization of starch. It also helped in moisture retention and hence, resulted in highly pliable and soft‐textured puri.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Puri is a traditional unleavened fried product that is prepared by mixing whole wheat flour and water, sheeted to a desirable thickness and fried. Use of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) affected the whole wheat flour dough and puri making quality. It helped in moisture retention and hence, resulted in highly pliable and soft‐textured puri. Microstructure of puri with HPMC showed higher gelatinization of starch.
A brief history of gout
Authors: BHATTACHARJEE Shom 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGout is relatively unique among rheumatological diseases in that its effects were common and, at least in history, disproportionately represented in prominent authority figures. Effective treatments have only been available for just over a century and therefore for the most part, the disease has run relatively unchecked. Consequently, it may have had global ramifications. The history of gout, from apocryphal orthodoxy to medical clarity, is reviewed, using a few of the more colourful characters in its considerable pantheon.
Genomic Regions Conserved in Lineage II
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 Strains
Authors: Steele Marina , Ziebell Kim , Zhang Yongxiang , Benson Andrew , Johnson Roger , Laing Chad , Taboada Eduardo , Gannon Victor 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

Populations of the food- and waterborne pathogen
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 are comprised of two major lineages. Recent studies have shown that specific genotypes within these lineages differ substantially in the frequencies with which they are associated with human clinical disease. While the nucleotide sequences of the genomes of lineage I strains
E. coli
O157 Sakai and EDL9333 have been determined, much less is known about the genomes of lineage II strains. In this study, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify genomic features that define lineage II populations. Three SSH experiments were performed, yielding 1,085 genomic fragments consisting of 811 contigs. Bacteriophage sequences were identified in 11.3% of the contigs, 9% showed insertions and 2.3% deletions with respect to
E. coli
O157:H7 Sakai, and 23.2% did not have significant identity to annotated sequences in GenBank. In order to test for the presence of these novel loci in lineage I and II strains, 27 PCR primer sets were designed based on sequences from these contigs. All but two of these PCR targets were found in the majority (51.9% to 100%) of 27 lineage II strains but in no more than one (<6%) of the 17 lineage I strains. Several of these linage II-related fragments contain insertions/deletions that may play an important role in virulence. These lineage II-related loci were also shown to be useful markers for genotyping of
E. coli
O157:H7 strains isolated from human and animal sources.
Varying Rate of RNA Chain Elongation during
rrn
Transcription in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Dennis P. P. , Ehrenberg M. , Fange D. , Bremer H. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

The value of the rRNA chain elongation rate in bacteria is an important physiological parameter, as it affects not only the rRNA promoter activity but also the free-RNA polymerase concentration and thereby the transcription of all genes. On average, rRNA chains elongate at a rate of 80 to 90 nucleotides (nt) per s, and the transcription of an entire
rrn
operon takes about 60 s (at 37°C). Here we have analyzed a reported distribution obtained from electron micrographs of RNA polymerase molecules along
rrn
operons in
E. coli
growing at 2.5 doublings per hour (S. Quan, N. Zhang, S. French, and C. L. Squires, J. Bacteriol. 187:1632-1638, 2005). The distribution exhibits two peaks of higher polymerase density centered within the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. An evaluation of this distribution indicates that RNA polymerase transcribes the 5′ leader region at speeds up to or greater than 250 nt/s. Once past the leader, transcription slows down to about 65 nt/s within the 16S gene, speeds up in the spacer region between the 16S and 23S genes, slows again to about 65 nt/s in the 23S region, and finally speeds up to a rate greater than 400 nt/s near the end of the operon. We suggest that the slowing of transcript elongation in the 16S and 23S sections is the result of transcriptional pauses, possibly caused by temporary interactions of the RNA polymerase with secondary structures in the nascent rRNA.
Visual control of flight speed inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Fry Steven N. , Rohrseitz Nicola , Straw Andrew D. , Dickinson Michael H. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYFlight control in insects depends on self-induced image motion (optic flow), which the visual system must process to generate appropriate corrective steering maneuvers. Classic experiments in tethered insects applied rigorous system identification techniques for the analysis of turning reactions in the presence of rotating pattern stimuli delivered in open-loop. However, the functional relevance of these measurements for visual free-flight control remains equivocal due to the largely unknown effects of the highly constrained experimental conditions. To perform a systems analysis of the visual flight speed response under free-flight conditions, we implemented a `one-parameter open-loop' paradigm using `TrackFly' in a wind tunnel equipped with real-time tracking and virtual reality display technology. Upwind flying flies were stimulated with sine gratings of varying temporal and spatial frequencies, and the resulting speed responses were measured from the resulting flight speed reactions. To control flight speed, the visual system of the fruit fly extracts linear pattern velocity robustly over a broad range of spatio–temporal frequencies. The speed signal is used for a proportional control of flight speed within locomotor limits. The extraction of pattern velocity over a broad spatio–temporal frequency range may require more sophisticated motion processing mechanisms than those identified in flies so far. In Drosophila, the neuromotor pathways underlying flight speed control may be suitably explored by applying advanced genetic techniques, for which our data can serve as a baseline. Finally, the high-level control principles identified in the fly can be meaningfully transferred into a robotic context, such as for the robust and efficient control of autonomous flying micro air vehicles.
Material parameters in a simulation of metal sheet stamping
Authors: Gauchía A , Álvarez-Caldas C , Quesada A , San Román J L 
Published: March 2009

The paper presents a methodology to tackle the problem of new materials, such as high-strength steels, used in industrial manufacturing. This methodology, which uses the finite element method (FEM), is based on two main ideas: determining the material properties as accurately as possible and automating the FEM simulation as much as possible. The main tool to solve these problems is an application designed to assist die stamp designers. Such an application can be used by anyone, even with no knowledge about finite elements, and does not need user participation. This fact makes the program very powerful and allows a procedure to be defined to obtain the values of the properties of an unknown material, which combines finite element simulations with real experimental results. The paper presents the developed application as well as the procedure used to determine the material properties. By combining both aspects, it is possible to simulate any stamping process, allowing the designer to obtain much information in the earlier stages of design. This paper fulfils an identified need in the manufacturing industry. In fact, the proposed application is currently being used by a manufacturer of automotive components.
Preparation of Monoclinic Scheelite BiVO4 Photocatalyst by an Ultrasound-assisted Solvent Substitution Method
Authors: Yin Wenzong , Wang Wenzhong , Shang Meng , Zhang Ling , Ren Jia 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted solvent substitution method was first developed to synthesize monoclinic scheelite (s-m) BiVO4. The BiVO4 (s-m) crystals exhibited flower-like and hierarchical dendrite morphologies and a far higher photocatalytic activity than that made by solid-state reaction for degradation of rhodamine B under visible light. This novel ultrasound-assisted solvent substitution method should be extendable to other materials.
Governing Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters by Combining Continuous Performance Improvement and Computerized Physician Order Entry
Authors: Migita Darren S. , Postetter Liz , Heath Susan , Hagan Patrick , Del Beccaro Mark 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE. Seattle Children's in Seattle, Washington sought to establish governance over peripherally inserted central catheters. Preventing overuse and creating an efficient placement process were of paramount importance.
METHODOLOGY. We describe a process by which the marriage of continuous performance-improvement projects and computerized physician order entry has led to a reproducible reduction in peripherally inserted central catheter volumes and an increase in overall provider satisfaction with the ordering process. This was accomplished by increasing daily awareness of central venous catheters, establishing peripherally inserted central catheter-specific insertion criteria, establishing a governing vascular-access service, and creation of a peripherally inserted central catheter-specific computerized order set.
RESULTS. After implementation of these measures, peripherally inserted central catheter insertion volumes decreased by 33.4%; these results have been sustained over a period of 19 months. From August 2006 to October 2006, 48% of peripherally inserted central catheters were placed on the same calendar day of order entry, 37% within 24 hours of order entry, and 15% within 48 to 72 hours. Overall, provider satisfaction with the ordering process improved according to a Likert scale. Scores increased from 2.68 of 5 to 3.55 of 5 over a 9-month period. This result was statistically significant at the 95th percentile level according to the t-test method.
CONCLUSIONS. We conclude that properly constructed computerized order sets can be effective in altering physician ordering practices through standardization.
Long-term Health and Quality-of-Life Consequences of Mass Screening for Childhood Celiac Disease: A 10-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: van Koppen Ellen J. , Schweizer Joachim J. , Csizmadia Cassandra G.D.S. , Krom Yvonne , Hylkema Herbertien B. , van Geel Annemarie M. , Koopman Hendrik M. , Verloove-Vanhorick S. Pauline , Mearin Maria Luisa 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE. Mass screening for celiac disease is controversial. The objective of this study was to determine whether detection of childhood celiac disease by mass screening improves long-term health status and health-related quality of life.
METHODS. We conducted a prospective 10-year follow-up study of 32 children who were aged 2 to 4 years, had celiac disease identified by mass screening, and had a gluten-free diet (19) or a normal gluten-containing diet (13). The follow-up included assessments of general health status, celiac disease–associated symptoms, celiac disease–associated serum antibodies, and health-related quality of life.
RESULTS. Ten years after mass screening, 81% of the children were adhering to a gluten-free diet. The health status improved in 66% of the treated children: in 41% by early treatment and in 25% by prevention of the gluten-dependent symptoms that they developed after diagnosis. For 19% of the children, treatment after screening would not have improved their health status, because they had no symptoms at screening and have remained symptom-free while consuming gluten. The health-related quality of life of the children with symptoms improved significantly after 1 year of gluten-free diet. Ten years after screening, the health-related quality of life of the children with celiac disease was similar to that of the reference population.
CONCLUSION. Identification by mass screening led 10 years later to health improvement in 66% of children without deterioration of generic health-related quality of life. There is a good compliance after mass screening. In a research setting, delaying treatment for children without symptoms seems to be an option after a positive screening test. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to assess possible long-term complications in untreated, nonsymptomatic celiac disease.
Cattle Trampling of Simulated Bull Trout Redds
Authors: Gregory Jim S. , Gamett Bart L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Listing of the bull trout Salvelinus confluentus under the Endangered Species Act and concerns over livestock stepping on bull trout redds have led many U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service managers to remove livestock from bull trout spawning areas once spawning begins. While this policy has extensive ramifications for livestock producers who graze their cattle on national forests, a lack of data precludes evaluation of the benefit of livestock removal to bull trout populations. To fill this information gap, we assessed the probability that cattle would step on simulated bull trout redds in grazing allotments within the Little Lost River drainage in Idaho. Bull trout redds were simulated using clusters of clay shooting targets. Simulated redds were placed in streams within three grazing pastures where bull trout have historically spawned or currently spawn. During the 14–21-d grazing period, 15–83% of the simulated redds were affected by trampling. When the control period was standardized to the same time period as the treatment, cattle were found to be responsible for affecting 12–78% of simulated redds and breaking 6–49% of the clay targets. Impacts were higher in pastures where cattle stocking intensity was higher, but impacts were also determined by site conditions adjacent to the simulated redds.
Comparison of Two Methods for Implanting Passive Integrated Transponders in Rio Grande Silvery Minnow
Authors: Archdeacon Thomas P. , Remshardt W. Jason , Knecht Tammy L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Uniquely tagged animals provide an opportunity to study changes in population demographics and movement. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags are used to monitor growth, movement, and survival of fishes. Laboratory studies of tag retention and mortality in small-bodied, warmwater cyprinids after insertion of PIT tags are rare. Mortality induced by two PIT tag implantation methods was compared, and tag retention after implantation was assessed. Relations between standard length and tag retention and between standard length and survival in Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus were examined. Fish were randomly selected and PIT-tagged with 12.5-mm tags via surgical incision or needle injection and were held in laboratory aquaria for 32 d. Mean (±SE) survival on day 32 was 99 ± 1% for control fish, 87 ± 6% for fish that received tags by incision, and 50 ± 5% for fish that received tags by injection. We also tagged 280 fish by incision and held them in aquaria for 49 d. On day 49, survival and tag retention were both 90%. Longer fish had higher survival, but tag retention was not related to fish length. Rio Grande silvery minnow can be reliably tagged with PIT tags if the fish are greater than 60 mm standard length. Treatment with antibiotics and holding of fish in captivity for a minimum of 6 d before release are recommended.
Low pressure migmatites from the Sanandaj-Sirjan Metamorphic Belt in the Hamedan region (Iran)
Authors: Sepahi Ali , Jafari Seyedeh , Mani-Kashani Sara 
Published: March 2009

Low pressure migmatites from the Sanandaj-Sirjan Metamorphic Belt in the Hamedan region (Iran)Migmatites with evidence for low pressure metamorphism and partial melting occur adjacent to the Alvand Plutonic Complex in the Hamedan region of Iran. They show stromatic, schollen, diktyonitic and massive structure. Sillimanite/andalusite/(kyanite)-garnet- and cordierite-K-feldspar-andalusite-spinel-bearing migmatites are the most common rock types. Some of the granitic intrusions contain xenocrysts which resemble the porphyroblasts of nearby migmatites (e.g. sillimanite, andalusite, cordierite and garnet). Although migmatitic rocks of the region are located near the granitic intrusions, the degree of partial melting is not related to intrusions and is irregular. It appears that partial melting and migmatization pre-date the intrusion of major granitic bodies in the region. Leucosomes in stromatic migmatites are commonly parallel to bedding planes and are mostly formed by metamorphic segregation and/orin situpartial melting (showing mafic selvedges, pinch and swell structures). The melt fraction and migmatite type depend on the chemical composition of parent rocks and the distribution of high strain zones. The formation of thin leucosomes in the stromatic migmatites was controlled by short-range melt movement along the grain boundaries. Melt-rich layers are constrained by pre-existing compositional layering and foliation. Peak metamorphic conditions of ~650 °C and ~300 MPa are consistent with the observed mineral assemblages and the presence of melt in the investigated migmatites.
Geochronology of the Neogene calc-alkaline intrusive magmatism in the "Subvolcanic Zone" of the Eastern Carpathians (Romania)
Authors: Pécskay Zoltán , Seghedi Ioan , Kovacs Marinel , Szakács Alexandru , Fülöp Alexandrina 
Published: March 2009

Geochronology of the Neogene calc-alkaline intrusive magmatism in the "Subvolcanic Zone" of the Eastern Carpathians (Romania)The Poiana Botizei-Ţibleş-Toroiaga-Rodna-Bârgâu intrusive area (PBTTRB), northwest Romania, known as the "Subvolcanic Zone", is located between the Gutâi (NW) and Câlimani (SE) volcanic massifs. It consists of rocks displaying a wide range of compositions and textures: equigranular or porphyritic with holocrystalline groundmass (gabbro-diorites, diorites, monzodiorites and granodiorites), and/or porphyritic with fine holocrystalline or glassycryptocrystalline groundmass, similar with effusive rocks: basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, dacites and rhyolites. The time-span of intrusive rocks emplacement is similar with the nearest calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from Gutâi (NW) and Câlimani (SE) massifs. They are represented by stocks, laccoliths, dykes and sills typical for an upper crustal intrusive environment. In the absence of biostratigraphic evidence, a comprehensive K-Ar study of intrusive rocks using whole rock samples, groundmass and monomineral fractions (biotite, hornblende) has been carried out in order to understand the magmatic evolution of the area. The oldest K-Ar ages recorded in the analysed rocks are close to 11.5 Ma and magmatism continued to develop until about 8.0 Ma. The inception of intrusion emplacement in the PBTTRB is coeval with intrusive activity spatially related to volcanism within the neighbouring Gutâi and Câlimani massifs. However, its culmination at ca. 8 Ma ago is younger than the interruption of this activity at ca. 9.2 Ma in Gutâi and Câlimani Mts where intrusive activity resumed for ca. 1 Myr. These circumstances strongly suggest that the geodynamic evolution of the area controlled the development of both volcanic and intrusive activity and their reciprocal relationships. The overall geological data suggest that in the PBTTRB intra-lithospheric transpressional-transtensional tectonic processes controlled the generation and emplacement of intrusive bodies between ca. 12-8 Ma.