bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical analyses of bubble point tests used for membrane characterisation: model development and experimental validation
Authors: Nassehi V. , Das D. B. , Shigidi I. M. T. A. , Wakeman R. J. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTA model for simulating the microhydrodynamics of liquid/air flow inside membrane pores was developed, using a continuous penalty finite element scheme. The developed scheme combines the features of two‐phase flow systems with flexibility and accuracy. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was applied to track the motion of the gas–liquid interfacial boundaries as an approach to monitor the repulsion of the wetting liquid from the pores to detect their bubble pressures. To resolve the complexities arising from the inclusion of the surface tension at the liquid–gas interface as an unknown dynamic condition, it is treated as a resistance force in the equations of motion. The effects of the surface tension and other forces such as buoyancy are then determined by a model calibration factor with respect to a set of experimental data. To obtain the experimental data (e.g. pore size distribution, bubble pressures) for model validation, the bubble point test was conducted on different Nuclepore track‐etched membrane samples, which also provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the test and the interpretation of the pore size distribution. The experimental data are used to calibrate the numerical model. The calibrated model was, in turn, used to predict the outcome of bubble point tests for a range of inlet boundary conditions (e.g. pressures). The results obtained from our simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data, indicating the ability of the developed model to accurately predict the bubble point pressure. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regenerability of antibacterial activity of interpenetrating polymeric N‐halamine and poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Zhao Nan , Zhanel George G. , Liu Song 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEffective antibacterial modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was achieved by forming a surface thermoplastic semi‐interpenetrating network of polyacrylamide (PAM) and PET, followed by converting the immobilized amides to N‐halamine. The regenerability of N‐halamine on PAM‐modified PET was significantly influenced by the cross‐linkers used to form the network. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen content analysis of the materials for up to 29 regeneration cycles, it was found that breaking down of the PAM network in chlorination accounted for the loss of regenerability. The relationship between antibacterial efficacy and N‐halamine concentration was also studied. Compared with N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide and 2‐ethyleneglycol diacrylate, cross‐linker divinylbenzene can generate more durable PAM network. After 29 regeneration cycles, the PAM‐divinylbenzene network‐modified PET was still able to provide 100% reduction of healthcare‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 20 min contact. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probes for Metal Ions
Authors: Kim Hwan Myung , Cho Bong Rae 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo‐photon microscopy (TPM) has become an indispensible tool in biology and medicine owing to the capability of imaging the intact tissue for a long period of time. To make it a versatile tool in biology, a variety of two‐photon probes for specific applications are needed. In this context, many research groups are developing two‐photon probes for various applications. In this Focus Review, we summarize recent results on model studies and selected examples of two‐photon probes that can detect intracellular free metal ions in live cells and tissues to provide a guideline for the design of useful two‐photon probes for various in vivo imaging applications.
‘Statistical methods for automatic crack detection based on vibrothermography sequence‐of‐image data’ by M. Li, S. D. Holland and W. Q. Meeker: Discussion 2
Authors: Fabrice Guérin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe paper written by M. Li, S. D. Holland and W. Q. Meeker [Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry] presents statistical methods for automatic Crack detection based on vibrothermography sequence‐of‐image data. In particular, a matched filter used to increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio is developed. The review gives suggestions about physical approach and detection criteria. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of aluminium using 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthylidene‐(8‐aminoquinoline)
Authors: Al‐Kindy Salma M. Z. , Al‐Mafrigi Zahra , Shongwe Musa S. , Suliman Fakhr Eldin O. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the rapid determination of aluminium. This method is based on the complex formation between aluminium and 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthylidene‐(8‐aminoquinoline) (HNAQ). The optimum conditions for the complex formation were a metal‐to‐ligand (M : L) stoichiometric ratio of 1:1, a pH of 5.5 and a 0.20 m acetate buffer. The fluorescence of the complex was monitored at an emission wavelength of 502 nm with excitation at 438 nm. Under these conditions, linear calibration curves were obtained in the ranges 0.05–1 and 1–5 ppm. The detection limit was 3.4 ppb for the former and 13.5 ppb for the latter. The maximum relative standard deviation of the method for an aluminium standard of 200 ppb was 1.5% (n = 5). This method was successfully applied for the determination of aluminium in drinking water, pharmaceutical antacid tablets and suspension samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fluorescent probe for biothiols based on the conjugate addition of thiols to α,β‐unsaturated ester
Authors: Du Jun , Yang Zhe , Qi Haiping , Yang Xiao‐Feng 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTA sensitive fluorogenic probe 1 for biothiols was developed based on the Michael addition reaction. The probe 1 was readily synthesized via the reaction of 2‐(4′‐hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (HPBI) with acryloyl chloride and shows weak fluorescence emission. Upon mixing with biothiols, the fluorescence of 1 is significantly enhanced due to the conjugate addition of thiols to the α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl moiety, thus eliminating the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) quenching of the fluorophore by the intramolecular carbon–carbon double bond. Cysteine (Cys) was selected as the representative thiol in the spectral experiment. A good linear relationship was obtained from 1.0 to 30.0 µmol L−1 for Cys and the detection limit was 0.17 µmol L−1. Furthermore, probe 1 was highly selective for biothiols without the interference of some biologically relevant analytes and has been applied to detecting biothiols in human urine samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Community psychology in Europe: More needed, less wanted?
Authors: Francescato Donata , Zani Bruna 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we first contend that community psychology in Europe is facing a particularly challenging situation: On the one hand we witness an increase in complex social problems, which would require a community approach in order to be tackled; on the other hand socio‐economic and cultural changes in the era of globalization diminish the demand and the sources of public funding needed to promote and implement community intervention programs. We then outline the main achievements of community psychology in Europe, and discuss future challenges. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Naturally Occurring Triterpenoid Saponins
Authors: Dinda Biswanath , Debnath Sudhan , Mohanta Bikas Chandra , Harigaya Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNaturally occurring new triterpenoid saponins reported from mid‐1996 to March, 2007 are reviewed including their physical constants and plant sources, and are compiled in Table 1. New saponins are arranged in Table 1 on the basis of the skeletal structures of their aglycones, e.g., oleanane type, ursane type, lupane type, hopane type, taraxastane type, cycloartane type, lanostane type, tirucallane type, dammarane type, cucurbitane type, and holostane type. The known triterpenoid saponins and prosapogenins of the new saponins, the biological and pharmacological activities of which were published during 1996–2007, are also reviewed together with their plant sources listed in Table 2 according to the skeletal structures of their aglycones in the same fashion as in Table 1. The plant and animal sources of both new and known bioactive triterpenoid saponins are collected in Table 3 in alphabetical order. The biological and pharmacological activities such as antiallergic, antiatherosclerosis and antiplatelet, antibacterial, anticomplementary, antidiabetic, contraceptive, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory, antileishmanial, antimalarial/antiplasmodial, anti‐obesity, anti‐proliferative, antipsoriatic, antispasmodic, antisweet, antiviral, cytotoxic/antitumor, detoxication, gastroprotective, haemolytic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti‐enzyme, anti‐osteoporotic, insecticidal, insulin‐like, membrane‐porosity, molluscicidal, neuropharmacological, anti‐endothelial dysfunction, snake venom antidote, and sweet activities of these saponins or derived prosapogenins are discussed briefly after Table 3.
Synthesis Gas and Zinc Production in a Noncatalytic Packed‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Ebrahimi A. A. , Ebrahim H. A. , Jamshidi E. , Faramarzi A. H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA noncatalytic packed‐bed reactor has been constructed for management of the reduction of ZnO by methane, which leads to co‐production of synthesis gas and zinc. The reactor consisted of a simple vertical pipe filled with ZnO pellets. These pellets underwent reaction with a pure methane flow. Experimental tests were conducted in the temperature range 860–995 °C at atmospheric pressure in an electrically heated reactor. The results showed complete chemical conversion of methane to synthesis gas in the aforementioned temperature range. In addition, analysis of the product solids indicated that the collected solids in the outlet of the reactor were entirely zinc. The maximum methane flow rates (149–744 mL min–1) were adjusted to ensure complete chemical conversion of methane. These adjustments were performed for different bed heights at various operating temperatures. Analysis of the product gases revealed high quality synthesis gas production without the influence of methane cracking or other undesired side reactions in the experimental tests. Finally, the governing partial differential equations of the reactor modeling were solved by the finite element method. Consequently, the gaseous profiles along the reactor and the breakthrough curves were predicted and compared with the experimental tests.
A Simple Approach to Coordination Compounds of the Pentacyanocyclopentadienide Anion
Authors: Less Robert J. , McPartlin Mary , Rawson Jeremy M. , Wood Paul T. , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDeprotonation of [Et3NH][C5(CN)5] with metal bases provides a very simple approach to coordination compounds containing the pentacyanocyclopentadienide anion [C5(CN)5]− (1). The three‐dimensional polymer [Na(thf)1.5(1)]∞ and the molecular dimer [{(tmeda)2Na(1)}2] are obtained by reaction of this precursor with NaH in the presence of thf or tmeda (Me2NCH2CH2NMe2). Their single‐crystal X‐ray structures both reveal σ‐bonded CNNa arrangements and π stacking between [C5(CN)5]− ions. DFT calculations on the [C5(CN)5]− ion have been used to investigate the structures and bonding in [Na(thf)1.5(1)]∞ and [{(tmeda)2Na(1)}2]. The absence of π bonding of the metal ions in both complexes is due to dispersion of the negative charge from the C5 ring unit to the CN groups in the [C5(CN)5]− ion, making the coordination chemistry of this anion distinctly different from that of cyclopentadienide C5H5−.
Refractive Index of Liquid Mixtures: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Reis João Carlos R. , Lampreia Isabel M. S. , Santos Ângela F. S. , Moita Maria Luísa C. J. , Douhéret Gérard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn innovative approach is presented to interpret the refractive index of binary liquid mixtures. The concept of refractive index “before mixing” is introduced and shown to be given by the volume‐fraction mixing rule of the pure‐component refractive indices (Arago–Biot formula). The refractive index of thermodynamically ideal liquid mixtures is demonstrated to be given by the volume‐fraction mixing rule of the pure‐component squared refractive indices (Newton formula). This theoretical formulation entails a positive change of refractive index upon ideal mixing, which is interpreted in terms of dissimilar London dispersion forces centred in the dissimilar molecules making up the mixture. For real liquid mixtures, the refractive index of mixing and the excess refractive index are introduced in a thermodynamic manner. Examples of mixtures are cited for which excess refractive indices and excess molar volumes show all of the four possible sign combinations, a fact that jeopardises the finding of a general equation linking these two excess properties. Refractive indices of 69 mixtures of water with the amphiphile (R,S)‐1‐propoxypropan‐2‐ol are reported at five temperatures in the range 283–303 K. The ideal and real refractive properties of this binary system are discussed. Pear‐shaped plots of excess refractive indices against excess molar volumes show that extreme positive values of excess refractive index occur at a substantially lower mole fraction of the amphiphile than extreme negative values of excess molar volume. Analysis of these plots provides insights into the mixing schemes that occur in different composition segments. A nearly linear variation is found when Balankina’s ratios between excess and ideal values of refractive indices are plotted against ratios between excess and ideal values of molar volumes. It is concluded that, when coupled with volumetric properties, the new thermodynamic functions defined for the analysis of refractive indices of liquid mixtures give important complementary information on the mixing process over the whole composition range.
Transmitters in Motor Systems
Authors: Krnjević K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Chemical TransmittersDefinitionVarieties of TransmittersIdentification of TransmittersTransmitters in Peripheral Motor SystemsTransmitters in Spinal Motor MechanismsSpinal Motoneurons and Their Synaptic ControlTransmitters in Supraspinal Motor SystemsBrain StemCerebellumBasal GangliaMotor Cortex
Synthesis by organic molten salt method and characterization of chalcopyrite AgInS2 nanorods
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Huang Yi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, chalcopyrite AgInS2 nanorods were synthesized for the first time by a one‐step, ambient pressure, environment friendly organic molten salt (OMS) method at 200 °C. The as‐synthesized products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The XRD results reveal that the as‐synthesized products at 120–160 °C under ambient pressure contain AgIn5S8 which will decrease with the increase of growth temperature. A sample containing only the chalcopyrite AgInS2 phase is successfully obtained at 200 °C. Furthermore, the elemental compositions are found to become increasingly stoichiometric with increasing temperature. UV‐Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectra are utilized to investigate the optical properties of AgInS2 nanorods. By testing on UV‐Vis spectra, it is concluded that the limiting wavelength of the AgInS2 nanorods is 661 nm and the band gap is 1.88 eV. A broad red emission band peak centered at about 1.874 eV (662 nm) is clearly observed at room temperature, and the intensity of the emission increases with excitation wavelength. In addition, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the nanocrystals at the excitation wavelength of 250 nm was determined to be 13.2%. A possible growth mechanism of AgInS2 nanorods was discussed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and single crystal X‐ray structure of the tetragonal tungsten bronze Pb0.91K1.72Li1.46Nb5O15
Authors: Capitelli F. , Rossi M. , Elaatmani M. , Zegzouti A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCrystals of Pb0.91K1.72Li1.46Nb5O15, belonging to tetragonal tungsten bronze materials, were grown by the slow cooling technique, and characterized by means of single crystal X‐ray diffraction: the structure was solved in the P4bm tetragonal space group, with the following unit cell parameters: a = 12.548(5), c = 4.042(5) Å, V = 636.4(9) Å3. The three‐dimensional framework can be described as a layered structure down crystallographic axis c, with arrays of NbO6 octahedra, whose corner sharing makes up the formation of tunnels filled up by Li, Pb and K displaying complex cation‐oxygen coordinations. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigations of spin‐Hamiltonian parameters and defect structures for two tetragonal Cu2+ centers in KTaO3 crystal
Authors: Yang Wei‐Qing , Zheng Wen‐Chen , Su Ping , Liu Hong‐Gang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBased on the defect models that the two tetragonal Cu2+ centers in KTaO3 are due to Cu2+ ions at Ta5+ sites associated, respectively, with one and two oxygen vacancies (V0) along C4 axis because of charge compensation, the spin‐Hamiltonian parameters (g factors g‖, g⊥and hyperfine structure constants A‖, A⊥) of both Cu2+ centers in KTaO3 are calculated from the perturbation theory method (PTM) and the complete diagonalization (of energy matrix) method (CDM). The calculated results from both theoretical methods are not only close to each other, but also in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. This suggests that both methods are effective in the explanations of spin‐Hamiltonian parameters for 3d9 ions in tetragonal symmetry. From the calculations, the defect models are confirmed and the defect structural data are obtained for both Cu2+ centers in KTaO3. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlates of weight instability across the lifespan in a population‐based sample
Authors: Serdar Kasey L. , Mazzeo Suzanne E. , Mitchell Karen S. , Aggen Steven H. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:Research from overweight/obese clinical samples links weight instability to poor health. This study investigated whether negative health outcomes were associated with weight instability in a population‐based sample.Method:One thousand five hundred ten women and 1,111 men from the Mid‐Atlantic Twin Registry completed questionnaires assessing demographics, body size in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, health satisfaction, and disordered eating. Noneating disorder psychiatric diagnoses were assessed via clinical interviews.Results:Weight instability was related to lower health satisfaction and self‐esteem, and higher body dissatisfaction, dieting, and binge eating for both sexes. Weight unstable women were more likely to meet criteria for lifetime major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and eating disorders. Weight stable women were more likely to abuse alcohol; however, two of these associations [e.g. weight instability and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and weight stability and alcohol abuse] became nonsignificant once lifetime binge eating was accounted for, indicating that these forms of psychopathology are more strongly related to binge eating than weight instability itself. No associations between weight stability and psychiatric diagnoses were found in men.Discussion:Weight instability is related to mental and physical health concerns for both sexes. It was also specifically associated with depression and eating pathology in women. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011)
Evoked facial emotional expression and emotional experience in people with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Davies Helen , Schmidt Ulrike , Stahl Daniel , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:To use an experimental paradigm to assess facial expression, subjective experience of emotion and the relationship between them in people with anorexia nervosa (AN).Method:Film clips are used to elicit emotion and participants' facial expression and subjective experience are recorded. Thirty inpatients with AN and 34 healthy control (HC) women are included in the study.Results:People with AN are less facially expressive than HC while watching positive and negative film clips and report feeling less positive emotion than HC but not less negative emotion. People with AN look away significantly more than HC during the negative film clip. Duration of illness and depression relate to attenuated positive facial expression and eating pathology to attenuated negative facial expression.Discussion:This experimental study supports self report studies showing people with AN attenuate emotional expression and avoid negative affect. Such behavior may affect social interaction and contribute to the maintenance of the disorder. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011)
Self‐position estimation of an autonomous mobile robot with variable processing time
Authors: Doki Kae , Isetani Naohiro , Torii Akihiro , Ueda Akiteru , Tsutsumi Hirotsugu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new self‐position estimation method for an autonomous mobile robot whose processing time can be varied. In this method, the current position of the robot is estimated by image template matching with the normalized correlation coefficient between the input image and stored images. Based on the idea of anytime sensing, the time for self‐position estimation can be varied by changing the image size. In order to realize efficient self‐position estimation, image templates are generated by means of Genetic Algorithm. The usefulness of the proposed method is shown through simulation results using test images and experimental results obtained with a real robot. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(11): 46–58, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10223
Acquisition of term knowledge from operating manuals for information equipment by using the structure of headline sentences
Authors: Imamura Makoto , Takayama Yasuhiro , Akiyoshi Masanori , Komoda Norihisa 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for automatically extracting term knowledge such as case relations and IS‐A relations between words in the headline sentences of the operating manuals for information equipment. The proposed method acquires term knowledge by the following iterative processing: case relation extraction using correspondence relations between the surface cases and the deep cases; case and IS‐A relation extraction using compound word structures; and IS‐A relation extraction using correspondence between the case structures in the hierarchical headline sentences. The distinctive feature of our method is that it extracts new case relations and IS‐A relations by comparison and matching of the case relations extracted from the super and sub headline sentences, using the headline hierarchy. We confirmed that the proposed method could achieve approximately 90% recall and precision for the extraction of case relations and IS‐A relations from the operating manuals of a car navigation system and a mobile phone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(11): 8–19, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10314