bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A financial analysis of revision hip arthroplasty
Authors: Vanhegan I. S. , Malik A. K. , Jayakumar P. , Ul Islam S. , Haddad F. S. 
Published: April 2012

Revision arthroplasty of the hip is expensive owing to the increased cost of pre-operative investigations, surgical implants and instrumentation, protracted hospital stay and drugs. We compared the costs of performing this surgery for aseptic loosening, dislocation, deep infection and peri-prosthetic fracture. Clinical, demographic and economic data were obtained for 305 consecutive revision total hip replacements in 286 patients performed at a tertiary referral centre between 1999 and 2008. The mean total costs for revision surgery in aseptic cases (n = 194) were £11 897 (sd 4629), for septic revision (n = 76) £21 937 (sd 10 965), for peri-prosthetic fracture (n = 24) £18 185 (sd 9124), and for dislocation (n = 11) £10 893 (sd 5476). Surgery for deep infection and peri-prosthetic fracture was associated with longer operating times, increased blood loss and an increase in complications compared to revisions for aseptic loosening. Total inpatient stay was also significantly longer on average (p < 0.001). Financial costs vary significantly by indication, which is not reflected in current National Health Service tariffs.
Gustilo IIIC fractures in the lower limb
Authors: Soni A. , Tzafetta K. , Knight S. , Giannoudis P. V. 
Published: April 2012

Controversy continues to surround the management of patients with an open fracture of the lower limb and an associated vascular injury (Gustilo type IIIC). This study reports our 15-year experience with these fractures and their outcome in 18 patients (15 male and three female). Their mean age was 30.7 years (8 to 54) and mean Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) at presentation was 6.9 (3 to 10). A total of 15 lower limbs were salvaged and three underwent amputation (two immediate and one delayed). Four patients underwent stabilisation of the fracture by external fixation and 12 with an internal device. A total of 11 patients had damage to multiple arteries and eight had a vein graft. Wound cover was achieved with a pedicled flap in three and a free flap in six. Seven patients developed a wound infection and four developed nonunion requiring further surgery. At a mean follow-up of five years (4.1 to 6.6) the mean visual analogue scale for pain was 64 (10 to 90). Depression and anxiety were common. Activities were limited mainly because of pain, and the MESS was a valid predictor of the functional outcome. Distal tibial fractures had an increased rate of nonunion when associated with posterior tibial artery damage, and seven patients (39%) were not able to return to their previous occupation.
A new technique for repair of acute or chronic extensor tendon injuries in zone 1
Authors: Gu Y. P. , Zhu S. M. 
Published: April 2012

We describe a new surgical technique for the treatment of lacerations of the extensor tendon in zone I, which involves a tenodesis using a length of palmaris longus tendon one-quarter of its width. After exposing the dorsal aspect of the distal interphalangeal joint and harvesting the tendon, a 1.5 mm drill bit is passed through the insertion of the extensor tendon into the distal phalanx where it penetrates through the skin of the pulp of the digit. The palmaris longus tendon is threaded through the drill hole from dorsal to ventral and the ventral end is tied in a simple knot and trimmed. The palmaris longus tendon is then sutured to the extensor tendon close to its insertion, and also at the middle of the middle phalanx. The operation was undertaken on 67 patients: 27 with an acute injury and 40 patients with a chronic mallet deformity. One finger (or the thumb) was involved in each patient. At a mean follow-up of 12 months (6 to 18), 66 patients (98.5%) received excellent or good results according to both the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) classification and Miller’s classification. Tenodesis using palmaris longus tendon after complete division of an extensor tendon in zone 1 is a reliable form of treatment for isolated acute or chronic ruptures.
Comparison of Adolescent, Young Adult, and Adult Women’s Maternity Experiences and Practices
Authors: Kingston Dawn , Heaman Maureen , Fell Deshayne , Chalmers Beverley ,   on behalf of the Maternity Experiences Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System, Public Health Agency of Canada
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Pregnant adolescents face unique challenges. Understanding the experiences, knowledge, and behaviors of adolescents during the pregnancy and postpartum periods may contribute to improvement of their maternity care. The purpose of this study was to compare the maternity experiences, knowledge, and behaviors of adolescent, young adult, and adult women by using a nationally representative sample.

METHODS:
This study used data from the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey (N = 6421). The weighted proportions of each variable were calculated by using survey sample weights. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios. Bootstrapping techniques were used to calculate variance estimates for prevalence and 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS:
Adolescents and young adults were more likely to experience physical abuse in the previous 2 years, initiate prenatal care late, not take folic acid before or during pregnancy, have poor prenatal health behaviors, have a lower cesarean delivery rate, have lower breastfeeding initiation and duration rates, experience more stressful life events, experience postpartum depression symptoms, and rate their infant’s health as suboptimal than adult women. Adolescents were more likely to rate their own health as suboptimal.

CONCLUSIONS:
Adolescents have unique needs during pregnancy and postpartum. Health care professionals should seek to provide care in a manner that acknowledges these needs.
Characterization of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 ferrogels prepared under uniform magnetic field
Authors: Suthar Kamlesh J. , Ghantasala Muralidhar K. , Ilavsky Jan , Mancini Derrick C. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe compare the characteristics of ferrogels prepared with and without the presence of a uniform magnetic field using Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles immobilized in hydrogels of N-isopropylacrylamide. The spatial distribution and agglomeration of the nanoparticles within the ferrogels were investigated using ultra small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hydrated ferrogels were also studied for magnetization using direct current superconducting quantum interference device (DC-SQUID). Volume size distribution resulting from USAXS data of the Fe3O4-ferrogel prepared under a uniform 225 G magnetic field showed a single broad peak appreciably different from that prepared without magnetic field with three distinct peaks. Volume size distributions resulting from USAXS data of the Fe2O3-ferrogel prepared with and without the presence of a uniform magnetic field both similarly show two peaks. Nanoparticle agglomeration was also determined by analyzing TEM images of ferrogel samples. DC-SQUID measurements of Fe3O4-ferrogel prepared in the presence of a uniform magnetic field showed 9% higher magnetization compared to the Fe3O4-ferrogel prepared without magnetic field. Similarly, DC-SQUID measurements of Fe2O3-ferrogel prepared in the presence of a uniform magnetic field showed 3% higher magnetization compared to the Fe2O3-ferrogel prepared without magnetic field. Thus, the presence of a uniform magnetic field during ferrogel polymerization can enabled the enhancement of the magnetoelastic property of the ferrogel.
Application of Wide Band Gap Semiconductors to Increase Photocurrent in a Protein Based Photovoltaic Device
Authors: Takshi Arash , Yaghoubi Houman , Jun Daniel , Saer Rafael , Mahmoudzadeh Ali , Madden John D. , Beatty J. Thomas 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTReaction centers (RCs) from natural photosynthetic cells are photoactive proteins, which generate electron-hole pairs in presence of light. In a new approach presented in this work, a solution of suspended RCs with mediators has been applied as the electrolyte to build electrochemical based photovoltaic (PV) devices. In this approach, the mediators transfer charges from the RCs to the electrodes (indirect charge transfer). Various metallic and wide bandgap semiconducting materials, including Carbon, Au, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), SnO2, WO3, have been tested as the electrodes. Among all WO3, which is a semiconductor, have shown the largest photocurrent density with an amount of ∼5.1 μA/cm2. The results show that the material of the electrode can affect the rates of the reactions in the cell. Choosing an appropriate material for the electrode, the charge transfer from the mediators to the electrode would be rectified to achieve a large photocurrent.
Cyanoacrylate Versus Laser in the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Controlled, Randomized, Double‐Masked and Non‐Inferiority Clinical Trial
Authors: Flecha Olga D. , Azevedo Camila G.S. , Matos Fabiana R. , Vieira‐Barbosa Natália M. , Ramos‐Jorge Maria L. , Gonçalves Patricia F. , Koga Silva Edina M. 
Published: April 2012

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful, exaggerated response to normal stimuli, such as cold, sweetness, and brushing. The aim of the present controlled, randomized, double‐masked, non‐inferiority clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of cyanoacrylate in the treatment of DH when compared to the application of low‐intensity laser.Methods: The study includes 434 sensitive teeth from 62 patients. A total of 216 teeth were treated with laser and 218 with cyanoacrylate. A numeric rating scale was used to record the parameters of pain related to the stimuli at baseline and after the treatment at intervals of 24 hours and 30, 90, and 180 days.Results: Both groups had significant reductions in DH. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups ≤6 months. Intragroup analysis showed that the effect of cyanoacrylate obtained at 24 hours remained for 90 days in response to air‐jet test and 30 days for cold‐spray test. There was a statistically significant difference between all other intragroup comparisons at the time intervals (P <0.001).Conclusions: It was concluded that cyanoacrylate is as effective as low‐intensity laser in reducing DH. In addition, it is a more accessible and low‐cost procedure and can be safely used in the treatment of DH.
Vertebral morphometrics in Varanus
Authors: Burnell Amy , Collins Sean , Young Bruce A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe forces acting on the vertebral column of varanid lizards differ greatly during swimming and walking. To examine the long-term impact of these forces, the dorsal vertebrae of terrestrial and aquatic species of Varanus were compared using 3-D laser scanning and morphometric analysis. There were significant differences between the two groups in vertebral anatomical features, particularly in the articular surfaces. Further analysis demonstrated that the dorsal vertebrae could be significantly divided into three groups of nearly equal size: the sternal group (dorsal vertebrae 1–7), the middle group (dorsal vertebrae 8–14), and the pelvic group (dorsal vertebrae 15–22). Within each of these groups there was significant differences between the terrestrial and aquatic species; these differences were least in the more conserved sternal region and greatest in the highly variable pelvic region. The results suggest that vertebral morphometrics can be used as a tool to further delineate the habitat preferences of extinct varanoid lizards, and could serve to highlight the functional transitions between terrestrial and aquatic species.
The postpulmonary septum of Varanus salvator and its implication for Mosasaurian ventilation and physiology
Authors: Burnell Amy , Collins Sean , Young Bruce A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe postpulmonary septum (PPS) is a relatively thick sheet of connective tissue covering the inferior surface of the lungs in varanid lizards. The primary connection of the PPS is to the medial surface of the ribs; additional connections occur to the inferior midline of the dorsal vertebrae, the pericardium, and a direct (through loose connective tissue) link to the surface of the lung. The PPS effectively partitions the coelomic cavity into peritoneal and pleural cavities. Investigation demonstrates that the PPS is not capable of preventing displacement of the more caudal (peritoneal) viscera, which is displaced cranially during terrestrial locomotion; this cranial displacement could impinge on the tidal volume of the lungs. Kinematic analyses of terrestrial and aquatic locomotion in Varanus salvator document the different propulsive mechanics used during movement through these two media, and, most importantly, the marked reduction in lateral displacement of the trunk during swimming. These findings, when combined with previous studies of the cardiovascular and respiratory system of varanids performing terrestrial locomotion, suggest that mosasaurs had a versatile, effective respiratory system and were likely capable of both sustained swimming and prolonged submersion, such as during ambush foraging.
Genetic Linkage Map and Diversity Analysis of Tahitian Vanilla (Vanilla ×tahitensis, Orchidaceae)
Authors: Lepers‐Andrzejewski Sandra , Causse Sandrine , Caromel Bernard , Wong Maurice , Dron Michel 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe first vanilla genetic linkage map was constructed by analyzing the progeny of an interspecific cross between Vanilla ×tahitensis J. W. Moore (pro sp.) and Vanilla pompona Schiede. The two‐way pseudotestcross mapping strategy was used and a total of 225 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were mapped on 18 linkage groups covering 1035.85 cM. Thirteen tahitian vanilla morphotypes, one Vanilla planifolia Andrews and recent hybrids were compared by measuring seven morphological traits and by genotyping, with 539 AFLP fragments. The morphotypes studied showed relatively homogenous stem traits but differed in their bean and leaf traits as in their AFLP pattern. Genetic variability and AFLP genotyping comparison suggest a diversification in French Polynesia based on sexual reproduction and are consistent with the hypothesis of a single introduction event. These results are the first step for vanilla breeding program and will be also useful for tahitian vanilla resource preservation.
Diallel Analysis of Fiber Traits for Extra‐Long Staple Cotton Progeny
Authors: Berger Gregory , Hague S. , Smith C. Wayne 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTDemand for high‐quality cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in international markets has increased the demand for improved fiber quality in U.S.‐grown cultivars. In an effort to meet this demand, cotton plant breeders seek alleles related to improved fiber quality. This study was conducted to evaluate fiber quality traits in a diallel analysis of eight cotton genotypes to determine genotypes with the greatest potential for improvement of fiber quality. Genotypes included four experimental extra‐long staple (ELS) lines, A‐106‐8 ELS, B‐147‐21 ELS, B‐182‐39 ELS, and C‐155‐22 ELS, and four cultivars, ‘Deltapine 491’ (PI 618609), ‘Deltapine 50’ (PI 529566), ‘FiberMax 832’ (PI 603955; Constable et al., 2001), and ‘Tamcot CAMD‐E’ (PI 529633; Bird, 1979). Parents and F1 progeny were grown in replicated trials at the Texas AgriLife Research Farm near College Station, TX, in 2007 and 2008. Significant (p < 0.05) genotype × year (G×Y) interactions were observed for all traits. Significant (p < 0.05) general combining ability (GCA) effects and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were found for most fiber quality traits measured as well as lint percent. Combining ability effects varied by year, which is reflected in significant general combining ability × year (GCA×Y) and specific combining ability × year (SCA×Y) interactions. Extra‐long staple experimental lines from the Texas A&M University breeding program had the greatest potential for improving fiber length and strength as indicated by GCA.
Influence of Rootstocks on Photosynthesis in Navel Orange Leaves: Effects on Growth, Yield, and Carbohydrate Distribution
Authors: Jover Sara , Martínez‐Alcántara Belén , Rodríguez‐Gamir Juan , Legaz Francisco , Primo‐Millo Eduardo , Forner Juan , Forner‐Giner M. Angeles 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe effects of two rootstocks on tree growth, fruit set and development, yield, CO2 assimilation, 13C‐photoassimilates transport, and carbohydrate distribution were investigated. Cleopatra mandarin (CM) (Citrus reshni hort. ex Tanaka) and Forner‐Alcaide 13 (FA‐13) [Citrus reshni hort. ex Tanaka × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] rootstocks were used for this study. The first experiment was performed with 2‐yr‐old plants grown under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that leaves from navel orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] grafted onto FA‐13 rootstock (navel onto FA‐13) had higher net CO2 assimilation (Aco2) rates than those from navel orange grafted onto CM rootstock (navel onto CM). Also, FA‐13 rootstock induced an increase in leaf transpiration rate with respect to CM rootstock resulting in similar water use efficiency (WUE) values. The higher of photosynthetic activity in navel onto FA‐13 plants resulted in higher photoassimilate transport (13C‐labeled) from leaves to roots compared to navel onto CM plants, causing higher sucrose and starch accumulation in FA‐13 roots. The second experiment was performed under field conditions using 7‐yr‐old trees. Navel orange grafted onto FA‐13, which had the highest Aco2 values, displayed higher photoassimilate transport (13C‐labeled) from leaves to developing fruits than those on CM. navel onto FA‐13 leaf sucrose content decreased compared to navel onto CM and leaf concentrations of this sugar were inversely correlated with Aco2 values. On the other hand, sucrose and starch concentrations in root bark appeared to be related with fruit sink strength. In conclusion, FA‐13 rootstock enhances photosynthetic rate in navel orange leaves compared to CM and differences in this parameter affected growth and increased yield.
The Benefit of Color Information in Digital Image Analysis for the Estimation of Legume Contribution in Legume–Grass Mixtures
Authors: Himstedt M. , Fricke T. , Wachendorf M. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTEfficient detection of spatial legume dry matter (DM) contribution in legume–grass mixtures is of great importance for targeted management of legume‐based swards. Legume coverage may be an appropriate indicator for the contribution of legumes, because it can be assessed by on‐the‐go systems with digital image analysis (DIA). To examine the perspectives of DIA a pot experiment, under controlled conditions, was conducted across a wide range of legume species (white clover [Trifolium repens L.], red clover [Trifolium pratense L.], and alfalfa [Medicago sativa L.]), legume proportion (0–800 g kg−1), and growth stage (start of tillering to start of heading). In this study, an advanced procedure for the determination of legume DM contribution by DIA is suggested. The DIA procedure comprises the analysis of color images and applies an advanced function to predict legume DM contribution from legume coverage by considering total sward biomass. This resulted in an accurate prediction of legume contribution (grams per kilogram) with R2 of 0.90, 0.94, and 0.93 for red clover, white clover, and alfalfa, respectively. For validation, swards of a field experiment were used. It showed that legume detection is possible, but for practical field application some further adjustments are necessary.
Association of Spectral Reflectance Indices with Plant Growth and Lint Yield in Upland Cotton
Authors: Gutierrez Mario , Norton Randall , Thorp Kelly R. , Wang Guangyao 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTCanopy reflectance plays an increasingly important role in crop management and yield prediction at large scale. The relationship of four spectral reflectance indices with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and crop yield were investigated using three cotton varieties and five N rates in the irrigated low desert in Arizona during the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. Biomass, LAI, and canopy reflectance indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI], simple ratio [SR], near‐infrared index [NIR], and ratio vegetation index [RVI]) were determined at different growth stages. The commonly used NDVI and the other three canopy reflectance indices explained over 87% variation in cotton biomass (all R2 > 0.87) and LAI (R2 > 0.93). Indices SR, NIR, and RVI all had higher coefficients of determination (R2) compared to NDVI because these indices were not saturated at late growth stages. There was no significant relationship between lint yield and the spectral indices measured at early growth stages. However, the spectral indices determined at peak bloom showed significant correlations with lint yield. Indices SR, NIR, and RVI explained 56, 60, and 58% of variations in cotton lint yield, respectively, while NDVI only explained 47% of variation in lint yield. This study suggests canopy reflectance indices can be used to predict cotton lint yield at peak bloom and the accuracy of yield prediction can be significantly improved when SR, NIR, and RVI are used.
Wide‐Compatibility Gene S5n Exploited by Functional Molecular Markers and Its Effect on Fertility of Intersubspecific Rice Hybrids
Authors: You‐Xin Yang , Yan‐Hong Li , Jing‐Fei Tong , Qasim Shahid Muhammad , Zhi‐Xiong Chen , Lan Wang , Jin‐Quan Li , Xiang‐Dong Liu , Yong‐Gen Lu 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTEmbryo‐sac abortion is one of the most important reasons for hybrid sterility between indica and japonica subspecies. Wide compatibility gene S5n can overcome the embryo‐sac sterility between indica–japonica hybrids caused by the S5 locus located on chromosome 6. In this paper, key sequence analysis and functional molecular markers were used to identify S5n gene–harboring genotypes from 646 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes, including 323 cultivated and 323 wild rice genotypes. Whole‐mount eosin B–staining confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed to observe the embryo‐sac fertility of hybrids. A total of 28 genotypes, including 16 cultivated, 9 Oryza rufipogon accessions, and 3 Oryza nivara accessions, were found to have the S5n gene. These results suggested that the S5n gene differentiated and evolved from wild rice. Different indica–japonica hybrids were developed using O. sativa genotypes carrying the S5n gene and without the S5n gene. Embryo‐sac fertility was more than 93% in the S5n gene–harboring hybrids, whereas embryo‐sac fertility was relatively low in control hybrids between typical indica and japonica cultivars without the S5n gene, suggesting that S5n can overcome the sterility between indica–japonica hybrids. Furthermore, it verified the reliability of molecular functional markers to detect S5n gene–harboring genotypes. Functional molecular markers used in the present study will be very useful to identify S5n gene–harboring genotypes, and genotypes detected with the S5n gene in the present study are very important germplasm for overcoming intersubspecific hybrid sterility.