bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International consultation on incontinence‐research society (ICI‐RS) report on non‐invasive urodynamics: The need of standardization of ultrasound bladder and detrusor wall thickness measurements to quantify bladder wall hypertrophy
Authors: Oelke Matthias 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroductionUltrasonic measurements of urinary bladders are suitable to quantify bladder wall hypertrophy due to bladder outlet obstruction, detrusor overactivity, or neurogenic bladder dysfunction in adult men or women and in children. Quantification of bladder wall hypertrophy seems to be useful for the assessment of diseases, prediction of treatment outcomes, and longitudinal studies investigating disease development and progression.Measurement techniquesFour distinct measurement techniques have been published using bladder wall thickness (BWT), detrusor wall thickness (DWT), or ultrasound‐estimated bladder weight (UEBW) assessed by suprapubic or transvaginal positioning of ultrasound probes and different bladder filling volumes. As a result, different threshold and reference values were established causing confusion. This ICI‐RS report summarizes the agreements of different research groups in terms of ultrasonic BWT or DWT measurements, critically discusses the four ultrasonic measurement techniques, suggests criteria for quality control, and proposes future research activities to unify measurement strategies.Proposed standardization and researchFor quality control, all future reports should provide information about frequency of the ultrasound probe, bladder filling volume at measurement, if BWT, DWT, or UEBW was measured, enlargement factor of the ultrasound image, and one ultrasound image with marker positioning. The ICI‐RS intends to found a standardization committee that will initiate and judge studies on ultrasonic bladder wall measurements to clarify the most suitable, most accurate, and least invasive measurement technique. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:634–639, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What treatment should we use if drugs fail for OAB; and, what really works after drugs?
Authors: Bosch J.L.H.R. , Kelleher C. , van Kerrebroeck P.E.V. , Schurch B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsTo determine (using structured brain storm sessions), which treatments should be used if drugs fail for OAB and to determine priority research questions in relation to this issue.MethodsA frame work for discussion was prepared by the chairman of the session; this included a brief summary of the currently existing evidence. Several experts had been asked to prepare a presention of their personal treatment algorithm and to identify the [lack of] evidence for such an algorithm. These presentations were summarized by the chairman. Next, this summary was discussed with a large group of experts and opinion leaders and audio‐recorded. The proceedings of this process are the basis for this manuscript.ResultsThe structured sessions resulted in detailed statements about: possible reasons for failure of conservative treatment, the evaluation of outcomes of RCT's, the use of botulinum toxin A in refractory OAB patients, the relative place of neuromodulation or sacral nerve stimulation and botulinum toxin A in the treatment of refractory OAB.ConclusionsA list of 10 unanswered questions and research topics was compiled. Additionally, 5 top priority research topics were identified. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:658–661, 2010. Copyright © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and clinical significance of the Kv3.4 potassium channel subunit in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Menéndez Sofía Tirados , Rodrigo Juan P , Allonca Eva , García‐Carracedo Darío , Álvarez‐Alija Gustavo , Casado‐Zapico Sara , Fresno Manuel F , Rodríguez Carmen , Suárez Carlos , García‐Pedrero Juana M 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe concept of ion channels as membrane therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers has attracted growing attention. We therefore investigated the expression pattern and clinical significance of the Kv3.4 potassium channel subunit during the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). KCNC4 mRNA levels were determined by real‐time RT‐PCR in both HNSCC tissue specimens and derived cell lines. Kv3.4 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens from 84 patients with laryngeal/pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and 67 patients with laryngeal dysplasias. Molecular alterations were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. Increased KCNC4 mRNA levels were found in 15 (54%) of 28 tumours, compared to the corresponding normal epithelia and varied mRNA levels were detected in 12 HNSCC‐derived cell lines analysed. Increased Kv3.4 protein expression was observed in 34 (40%) of 84 carcinomas and also at early stages of HNSCC tumourigenesis. Thus, 35 (52%) of 67 laryngeal lesions displayed Kv3.4‐positive staining in the dysplastic areas, whereas both stromal cells and normal adjacent epithelia exhibited negligible expression. No significant correlations were found between Kv3.4‐positive expression in HNSCC and clinical data; however, Kv3.4 expression tended to diminish in advanced‐stage tumours. Interestingly, patients carrying Kv3.4‐positive dysplasias experienced a significantly higher laryngeal cancer incidence than did those with negative lesions (p = 0.0209). In addition, functional studies using HNSCC cells revealed that inhibition of Kv3.4 expression by siRNA leads to the inhibition of cell proliferation via selective cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase without affecting apoptosis. Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that Kv3.4 expression is frequently increased during HNSCC tumourigenesis and correlated significantly with a higher cancer risk. Our findings support a role for Kv3.4 in malignant transformation and provide original evidence for the potential clinical utility of Kv3.4 expression as a biomarker for cancer risk assessment. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adults: A SEER study
Authors: Sultan Iyad , Casanova Michela , Ferrari Andrea , Rihani Rawad , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in the United States, which is considered a low‐risk country.MethodsWe searched the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database for patients with NPC who were diagnosed from 1988 to 2006. We compared the clinical features and outcomes of children and adolescents (<20 years old) and adults.ResultsThe incidence for children and adolescents was 0.5 per million person‐years versus 8.4 in adults. NPC was less rare in black children and adolescents (incidence, 1.5 per million person‐years). Our search criteria retrieved 129 children and adolescents and 5,885 adults. Black children and adolescents represented 34.9% of patients below the age of 20 years. Younger patients had distinct features with advanced stages more frequently observed (31% and 46% of children and adolescents had stages III and IV, respectively) and 87% had WHO type III histology. Outcome was better in children and adolescents with 5‐year NPC‐specific survival of 83% ± 3.9% compared to 62% ± 0.8% in adults (P < 0.001). In a multivariate model, the following factors affected the outcome: age, race, stage, and histologic type. Young adults (20–45 years old) had almost double the risk of NPC‐specific mortality when compared to children and adolescents [hazards ratio (HR), 1.93; P = 0.0077]. Children and adolescents with NPC were at higher risk of getting second cancer than adults (observed‐to‐expected ratio of 4.36 in children and adolescents; vs. 1.41 in adults; both were significantly higher than general population).ConclusionDespite the use of similar treatment approaches, NPC in children and adolescents may have different biologic features. Young patients are at higher risk of developing therapy related complications, including second cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:279–284. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia after temozolomide treatment for anaplastic astrocytoma in a child with a germline TP53 mutation
Authors: Momota Hiroyuki , Nariata Yoshitaka , Miyakita Yasuji , Hosono Ako , Makimoto Atsushi , Shibui Soichiro 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present a case of a 12‐year‐old female with a germline TP53 mutation who presented with anaplastic astrocytoma and subsequent acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) 13 months after starting treatment with temozolomide (TMZ). The patient had no family history of malignancy except her grand father and his siblings. Although alkylating agents such as TMZ are known to induce secondary hematologic malignancy, only several cases of treatment‐related acute leukemia have been reported after TMZ‐alone chemotherapy for malignant gliomas. We demonstrate a rare case of TMZ‐related ALL in a child with glioma possibly associated with a germline TP53 mutation. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:577–579. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) on self‐assembly of polystyrene‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) in aqueous solution
Authors: Ye Xiaodong , Fei Jingyi , Xu Kui , Bai Ruke 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMixed micelles of polystyrene‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PS‐b‐PNIPAM) and two polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers (PS‐b‐PEO) with different chain lengths of polystyrene in aqueous solution were prepared by adding the tetrahydrofuran solutions dropwise into an excess of water. The formation and stabilization of the resultant mixed micelles were characterized by using a combination of static and dynamic light scattering. Increasing the initial concentration of PS‐b‐PEO in THF led to a decrease in the size and the weight average molar mass (〈Mw〉) of the mixed micelles when the initial concentration of PS‐b‐ PNIPAM was kept as 1 × 10−3 g/mL. The PS‐b‐PEO with shorter PS block has a more pronounced effect on the change of the size and 〈Mw〉 than that with longer PS block. The number of PS‐b‐PNIPAM in each mixed micelle decreased with the addition of PS‐b‐PEO. The average hydrodynamic radius 〈Rh〉 and average radius of gyration 〈Rg〉 of pure PS‐b‐PNIPAM and mixed micelles gradually decreased with the increase in the temperature. Both the pure micelles and mixed micelles were stable in the temperature range of 18 °C–39 °C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1168–1174, 2010
The effect of different treatment methods of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on thermal and flexural properties of their epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Hee‐Cheul , Kim Sun‐Kuk , Kim Jeong Tai , Rhee Kyong‐Yop , Kathi John 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were oxidized using four different acid‐treatment methods followed by their functionalization with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3‐APTES). Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) nanocomposites with unmodified and silanized MWCNTs (0.2 wt %) were prepared by a cast molding method. The effect of functionalization of MWCNTs on thermal, flexural, and morphological properties of the epoxy nanocomposites were studied. The epoxy/MWCNTs nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, flexural testing, and field emission electron microscopic analysis. The results showed that the silanization of MWCNTs which were oxidized by a two‐step process using nitric acid and hydrochloric acid showed better thermal and flexural properties due to good interfacial adhesion between MWCNTs and the epoxy matrix. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1175–1184, 2010
Polypropylene multifilament yarn filled with clay and/or graphite: Study of a potential synergy
Authors: Rault Francois , Campagne Christine , Rochery Maryline , Giraud Stephane , Devaux Eric 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, clay and/or graphite particles have been added in various quantities to polypropylene matrix by melt blending. The morphology and more particularly the dispersion of particles in these composites have been compared by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their thermal stability has also been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The experimental results reveal that the addition of 5 wt % of graphite particles or clay improves the thermal stability in air of the matrix by about 50 and 90 °C, respectively. In a second step, these blends have been melt‐spun to produce multifilament yarns. The experiments have shown that the addition of graphite particles up to 5 wt % do not reduce the spinnability of the polypropylene, while the incorporation of more than 1 wt % of clay was causing difficulties for the spinning and more particularly for the drawing step. However, a slight improvement of the Young's modulus of the filaments reinforced with 1 wt % of Cloisite®15A is observed when the filaments are drawn up. The flammability of the different blends used as knitted fabrics has finally been evaluated with a mass loss calorimeter at 35 kW/m2. An atypical behavior has been highlighted for all blends and will be discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1185–1195, 2010
Morphology and viscoelasticity of PP/TiO2 nanocomposites prepared by in situ sol–gel method
Authors: Bahloul Walid , Bounor‐Legaré Véronique , David Laurent , Cassagnau Philippe 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPP/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared from an original method based on the hydrolysis‐condensation (sol–gel method) reactions of titanium alkoxide inorganic precursor premixed with polypropylene (PP) under molten conditions. Nanocomposites with a mean diameter of primary particles lower than 5 nm were then prepared. The TiO2 particle dispersion in the PP matrix was characterized over a wide length scale from the combination of small angle X‐ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and linear viscoelasticty of molten nanocomposites. As a result, a fractal structure of these particles was highlighted at the highest concentration (φr ≥ 0.014) with a characteristic aggregation size daggr ≈ 130 nm. The relationships between fractal structure and linear viscoelastic have been discussed from the main works of the literature on the reinforcement of nanocomposites. The drastic alteration of the terminal relaxation zone (solid‐like behavior) is correlated to the formation of an aggregate‐particle network. The study of the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior (Payne effect) agrees qualitatively with this reinforcement mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1213–1222, 2010
Surface analytical characterization of carbohydrate microarrays
Authors: Dietrich Paul M. , Horlacher Tim , Gross Thomas , Wirth Thomas , Castelli Riccardo , Shard Alexander G. , Alexander Morgan , Seeberger Peter H. , Unger Wolfgang E. S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMicroarrays are a versatile platform for diagnostics and high‐throughput analysis. Carbohydrate microarrays are valuable tools to investigate interactions with other molecules since many glycans are involved in fundamental biological processes. A combined X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) surface analysis was used to investigate the basic steps in the production of carbohydrate microarrays. The preparation included coupling of a thiol‐terminated mannoside to maleimide‐functionalized glass surfaces derived from γ‐aminopropyl silane (GAPS) slides. XPS results clearly demonstrate successful chemical modification in each fabrication step, and ToF‐SIMS imaging revealed immobilized carbohydrates in the spotted regions of the final microarray. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SEM analysis of the microstructure of the layers in triple‐coated isotropic (TRISO) particles
Authors: van der Berg N. G. , Malherbe Johan B. , Botha A. J. , Friedland E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOne of the new inherently safe designs in nuclear reactors is the pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR). In this high temperature reactor the fuel is in the form of small multilayered spheres called triple‐coated isotropic (TRISO) particles. These coated particles consist of a UO2 kernel surrounded by four layers, which are all chemical vapour deposition (CVD) deposited. The layers are a buffer graphite layer next to the kernel followed by an inner pyrolytic carbon layer (IPyC), a SiC layer and finally an outer pyrolytic carbon layer (OPyC). This investigation focuses on the microstructure of the particles specifically in relation to their functions. Because the coated particles operate in a very harsh environment (e.g. high temperatures with repeated rapid cooling and heating‐up times, high flux neutron irradiation, containment of the radioactive fission products) the microstructure and composition of the layers are extremely important to preserve the integrity of the particles. In this investigation the microstructures of the different coated layers are investigated by high‐resolution SEM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competition between phosphates and fluorides at anodic formation of titania nanotubes on titanium
Authors: Krasicka‐Cydzik Elzbieta , Kowalski Kazimierz , Kaczmarek Agnieszka , Glazowska Izabela , Heltowski Krzysztof Bialas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe influence of phosphate (and its concentration) on the electrochemical properties of anodic porous oxide films formed on titanium surfaces in fluoride containing electrolyte was investigated by performing electrochemical measurements [potentiodynamic/potentiostatic polarization, open circuit potential (OCP), and capacitance measurements] for a titanium/oxide film/solution interface system in SBF solution. In previous work we demonstrated, that during anodizing titanium and titanium‐based implant materials in 2 M phosphoric acid solution the highly bioactive phosphate gel‐like layer can be formed over compact titania which can significantly stimulate apatite formation. In the present work, we report that anodizing titanium in the same solution with the addition of fluorides leads to formation of titanium oxide nanotubes rich in both phosphates and fluorides which makes the method highly suitable for additional promoting of apatite deposition into titania nanotubes. To study the effect of phosphates concentration, layers of titania nanotubes were produced in electrolytes of different phosphoric acid concentration. Their behavior as the future coatings on titanium for biomaterial applications was characterized by capacitance tests in simulated body fluids and by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) observations. Judging on the results of XPS analysis, the competition between fluorides and phosphates is observed during anodizing, and the higher concentration of the latter is responsible for higher bioactivity of nanotubes formed in 2M H3PO4 + 0.4% wt hydrofluoric acid (HF). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monte Carlo simulation and AES characterization of phase formation in Pt‐Al thin films
Authors: Harris R. A. , van der Lingen E. , Paul D. F. , Swart H. C. , Terblans J. J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractConventional bulk‐ and thin‐film diffusion has been a topic of study for many years, and these studies have addressed various technical problems which are encountered whenever two dissimilar materials are joined together. One such system that has been studied intensively is the platinum‐aluminium (Pt/Al) thin‐film couple due to its multiple applications. It is a well known fact that platinum‐based alloys are being developed for high‐temperature applications due to its good resistance to corrosion and oxidation. In the pursuit of increasing the efficiency of modern gas turbines, the working temperatures of various parts of the engine are being pushed higher. This increase in working temperature created new oxidation challenges. To overcome these high‐temperature oxidation problems, various surface coatings and coating techniques have been developed and studied. Pt/Al alloys based on the Pt3/Al compound have the potential of high‐strength alloys with superior corrosion and oxidation resistance at ultrahigh temperatures. Diffusion studies are being undertaken to assess the mobility of the different elements within a Pt/Rh/Al alloy, and to assess the stability of the microstructure over long periods of time at high annealing temperatures. In this study, a chemical potential, Monte Carlo model, is developed and employed to predict the microstructure of a Pt/Rh/Al thin‐film system at an annealing temperature of 550 °C. The predicted results are compared to experimentally measured auger electron spectroscopy (AES) elemental maps and SEM images. A good correlation between the theoretical model and the experimentally measured results were found. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New developments in photoemission theory
Authors: Fujikawa Takashi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this article, we discuss some new developments in photoemission theories, in particular high‐energy photoemission, recoil exciting phonon around the X‐ray absorbing atom, and relativistic and magnetic effects. In particular, quite a detailed discussion is given on quantum Landau formula, which can be a bridge between classical and quantum theory of electron transport in solids. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dead layer effect in silicon detectors: energy deposited
Authors: Chaoui Zine‐El‐Abidine , Renschler Pascal 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the kiloelectronvolt (keV) and sub‐keV electron energy range, the knowledge of the exact energy deposited of electrons on solid state detectors with a dead layer depends strongly on the fraction of electrons backscattered and implanted. A new Monte Carlo (MC) simulation approach has been developed to describe electron scattering processes from silicon. In this study, we show the results concerning the energy deposited in the dead layer and sensitive volume of the silicon detector. The obtained straggling functions in the dead layer show that the energy deposited depends strongly on the inelastic process and the MC simulation technique used. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface investigation of carbon films: from diamond to graphite
Authors: Mezzi A. , Kaciulis S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the present work, a detailed spectroscopic investigation of carbon in different crystalline forms from diamond to graphite was carried out. The spectra of photoemission peak, plasmon losses and X‐rays‐excited C KLL were studied in order to characterize the carbon phase in different samples. In addition, a method for determination of sp2/sp3 ratio from the first derivative of Auger C KLL spectrum was employed. The obtained results indicated that carbon photoemission peak for sp2 and sp3 configurations is characterized by the same value of binding energy. The peaks of plasmon losses and Auger KLL transition were more diagnostic than C 1s photoemission peak, permitting to distinguish the sp2 and sp3 configurations. For intermediate situation, which is present in diamond‐like carbon (DLC), characterized by a mixture of sp2 and sp3 states, the spectra were very similar to the carbon‐black, whereas single‐wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) were containing about 50% sp2 states. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.