bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term cohort study of chronic hepatitis C according to interferon efficacy
Authors: Maruoka Daisuke , Imazeki Fumio , Arai Makoto , Kanda Tatsuo , Fujiwara Keiichi , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  We investigated the prognosis of patients with C‐viral chronic liver disease (C‐CLD) according to the efficacy of interferon (IFN) therapy in a long‐term retrospective cohort study.Methods:  Of 721 patients with C‐CLD who underwent liver biopsy between January 1986 and December 2005, 577 were treated with IFN, and 221 of these patients achieved sustained virological response (SVR) with a follow‐up period of 9.9 ± 5.3 years.Results:  The annual rate of HCC development was 2.71%/year, 2.31%/year, and 0.24%/year in untreated, non‐SVR, and SVR patients, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis showed that the risk of HCC development was significantly lower in SVR patients than in untreated or non‐SVR patients; moreover, this risk was similar in non‐SVR patients and untreated patients. The annual mortality rate in overall death was 3.19%/year, 1.98%/year, and 0.44%/year in untreated, non‐SVR, and SVR patients, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the SVR status reduced the risk ratio for overall death to 0.173, whereas the non‐SVR status did not significantly reduce the risk ratio.Conclusions:  The risk ratio of overall death and HCC development was significantly reduced in SVR patients, whereas no significant reduction was found in non‐SVR patients in a long‐term cohort study.
Narrow‐band imaging in the colon: Limitations and potentials
Authors: Ng Siew C , Lau James YW 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNarrow‐band imaging (NBI) is a new endoscopic technology that highlights surface structures and superficial mucosal capillaries during colonoscopy at a single push of a button. NBI has a high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating neoplastic and non‐neoplastic polyps by means of mucosal and capillary patterns. It is also useful in determining the invasion depth of early colorectal cancers and evaluating free margins after endoscopic resection. However, it has not been shown to improve the adenoma detection rate compared with white‐light endoscopy. Although narrow‐band imaging is now available commercially, its role in routine clinical practice during colonoscopy is not well defined. The difficulties in interpreting results partly relate to different NBI nomenclatures used in classifying colonic adenomas and their lack of standardization. Future research should focus on establishing a reliable NBI nomenclature for capillary patterns, defining the learning curve and interobserver variation, and validating the effectiveness of NBI in routine colonoscopy.
Continuous proton pump inhibitor treatment decreases upper gastrointestinal bleeding and related death in rural area in Japan
Authors: Miyamoto Masaki , Haruma Ken , Okamoto Takeshi , Higashi Yuusuke , Hidaka Toru , Manabe Noriaki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have been rarely used for prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) induced by non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or aspirin in Japan. The increased incidence of UGIB in the aged society is becoming a serious problem. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate whether PPI can prevent UGIB.Methods:  We examined records of 2367 patients (aged 67.9 ± 15.1 years, male 1271) attending the only hospital serving the rural area, with little population movement. We investigated the correlation between the frequency of usage of medicine (PPI, histamine 2 receptor antagonists [H2RA], NSAIDs, aspirin) and incidence of UGIB over 12 years. UGIB was defined as cases with hematemesis and/or melena and definite bleeding at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The annual incidence of UGIB of inhabitants (16 065 ± 375.3 persons/year) was evaluated. The frequency of usage of medicine was compared with the total number of patients prescribed any medication (1080 ± 33.2 persons/year).Results:  The frequency of PPI usage has increased significantly 4.6%→30.8% (P < 0.05). NSAIDs and aspirin usage increased significantly in the latter half of the survey period (P < 0.05). The annual incidence of UGIB significantly decreased 160.8 →23.6/100 000 inhabitants per annum (P ≤ 0.05) due to widespread use of PPI. No patients died due to UGIB after 2006. The incidence of UGIB and the prevalence of PPI usage were found to have a negative correlation (r = −0.804, P = 0.0016).Conclusions:  By widespread use of PPI, UGIB and related death has declined significantly. This survey showed that continuous PPI treatment decreases UGIB and related death in community medicine.
Animal model for the study of the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms/bladder outlet obstruction and erectile dysfunction
Authors: Kobayashi Ko , Kato Ryuichi , Hisasue Shin‐ichi , Yamashita Shinichi , Tanaka Toshiaki , Masumori Naoya , Tsukamoto Taiji 
Published: July 2011

Objectives:  Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are frequently associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) in aged men, and both significantly influence quality of life. However, the mechanism linking LUTS to ED has not been clarified completely. The purpose of the present study was to establish an animal model of ED following LUTS/bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and investigate the expression of molecules related to the cause of this type of ED.Methods:  Male Sprague‐Dawley rats with partial BOO were used as an experimental model of LUTS. Sham‐operated animals served as controls. Voiding and erectile function were evaluated 4, 8, and 16 weeks after obstruction or sham operation. The mRNA expression of penile tissue genes related to penile corporal smooth muscle relaxation was examined by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.Results:  Voiding and bladder function of BOO rats were significantly worse than in sham‐operated rats 4, 8, and 16 weeks after obstruction. The erectile function of BOO rats was significantly decreased compared with that of the sham‐operated controls (P < 0.01) 16 weeks after obstruction, although it was similar to that of sham‐operated animals at 4 and 8 weeks after obstruction. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA was significantly decreased 16 weeks after obstruction compared with that in sham‐operated rats (P < 0.01).Conclusion:  An animal model for investigations into the association between LUTS and ED is described herein. Endothelial dysfunction induced by impaired eNOS function is likely to be involved in ED following LUTS/BOO.
Mothers' experiences of the time after the diagnosis of an intrauterine death until the induction of the delivery: A qualitative Internet‐based study
Authors: Erlandsson Kerstin , Lindgren Helena , Malm Mari‐Cristine , Davidsson‐Bremborg Anna , Rådestad Ingela 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  This study aims to describe how mothers spend the period of time between being diagnosed with a dead baby in utero and the induction of the delivery.Material and Methods:  Data were collected using a web questionnaire. Five hundred and fifteen women who had experienced a stillbirth after the 22nd week of gestation answered the open question: ‘What did you do between the diagnosis of the child's death and the beginning of the delivery?’ A qualitative content analysis method was used.Results:  The results show that some mothers received help to adapt to the situation, while for others, waiting for the induction meant further stress and additional psychological trauma in an already strained situation.Conclusion:  There is no reason to wait with the induction unless the parents themselves express a wish to the contrary. Health care professionals, together with the parents, should try to determine the best time for the induction of the birth after the baby's death in utero. That time may vary, depending on the parents' preferences.
Primary transitional cell carcinoma of the fallopian tube
Authors: Elsokkari Ihab , Napaki Sarbar , Greening Sian , Aghmesheh Morteza 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe fallopian tube is the least common site for origin of malignancy in the female genital tract. Most primary fallopian tube malignancies are adenocarcinomas. Primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the fallopian tube is an extremely rare tumor with a small number of cases reported in the literature. We present a 67‐year‐old woman who was found incidentally to have a left adnexal mass on a screening pelvic ultrasound. Subsequently the patient underwent laparoscopic left salpingo‐oophorectomy and the specimen was submitted for intraoperative frozen section, which revealed a high‐grade carcinoma; therefore, she underwnt a laparotomy and total abdominal hysterectomy, right salpingo‐oophorectomy and omentectomy. Histopathology revealed high‐grade transitional cell carcinoma in the left fallopian tube. Post‐surgery she was treated with four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel with no complications. Our patient had a family history of malignancy, so genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations was undertaken and did not reveal any mutation or unclassified variants. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was normal.
Five‐year study assessing the feasibility and safety of autologous blood transfusion in pregnant Japanese women
Authors: Watanabe Noriyoshi , Suzuki Tomo , Ogawa Kohei , Kubo Takahiko , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To assess the feasibility and safety of autologous blood donation during pregnancy in Japanese women.Material and Methods:  We enrolled patients who were either at high risk for massive blood loss during delivery or had blood that was difficult to match for transfusion between March 2005 and February 2010. After delivery, we reviewed hospital records of these patients to collect data on blood donation procedures, obstetric outcome and blood transfusions received.Results:  We enrolled 314 patients during the study period and performed 809 blood donations. The median volume of donated blood was 1200 mL (range, 400–2000 mL). Vasovagal reflex as an adverse donor reaction occurred in 10 of the 314 patients (3.2%) during 11 of the 809 donations (1.4%). There were no cases of non‐reassuring fetal heart rate patterns during blood donations. Twenty‐five (7.8%) of the 322 neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. All 322 infants were healthy 1 month after delivery. Among 314 patients, autologous blood re‐transfusion was performed for 56 (17.8%) and homologous blood transfusion was performed concurrently for 5 (1.6%). Placenta previa was the indication with the highest re‐transfusion rate (42.4%). All re‐transfusions were performed without side‐effects.Conclusion:  Autologous blood donation is feasible and safe for pregnant women and their infants. Although indications of autologous blood donation are controversial, it should be considered for cases of placenta previa.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms in preeclampsia with or without eclampsia in a Turkish population
Authors: Ozturk Ebru , Balat Ozcan , Pehlivan Sacide , Ugur Mete Gurol , Özcan Çağlayan , Sever Tugce , Kul Seval 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms in preeclampsia with or without eclampsia in a Turkish population.Material and Methods:  Fifty‐seven preeclamptic and 60 normotensive women were enrolled in the present study. The study focused on two functional variants: a variant in exon 7—G to T conversion at nucleotide position 894 resulting in the replacement of glutamic acid with aspartic acid at codon 298 (Glu298Asp) and a variant variable number of 27 bp tandem repeats in intron 4 (VNTR intron 4). Two polymorphisms in the maternal eNOS gene were characterized by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method. Preeclamptic pregnant women were evaluated into two subgroups according to the presence of eclampsia.Results:  We demonstrated a significant difference in patients with preeclampsia in terms of Glu298Asp/eNOS genotype frequency. G/G homozygotes of Glu298Asp among healthy pregnancies were significantly frequent when T/T homozygotes were significantly frequent among preeclamptic pregnancies. We showed that G/T heterozygotes of Glu298Asp/eNOS gene were significantly frequent among preeclamptic pregnant women who did not develop eclampsia than in preeclamptic pregnant women with eclampsia.Conclusion:  Glu298Asp polymorphism in the eNOS gene could be an individual's risk factor and may modulate progression to an eclampsia complication of preeclampsia in the Turkish population.
Prediction model for the incidence of emergent cesarean section during induction of labor specialized in nulliparous low‐risk women
Authors: Isono Wataru , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Uemura Yukari , Fujii Tomoyuki , Hyodo Hironobu , Yamashita Takahiro , Kamei Yoshimasa , Kozuma Shiro , Taketani Yuji 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  This study aimed to clarify the factors affecting the outcome of induction of labor (IOL) in a Japanese population and to develop a prediction model to assess the probability of emergent cesarean section (CS).Material and Methods:  By reviewing the medical records of 1029 women who underwent IOL, we compared the emergent CS rate during IOL among subgroups divided by parity and pre‐labor risk, such as fetal anomaly and maternal complication. We created a prediction model to predict the CS rate during IOL focusing on 392 cases of nulliparous women with premature rupture of membrane (PROM). Six factors, including Bishop score (BS), gestational age, maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal height (MH) and birth weight (BW) were extracted and multivariable logistic regression analysis followed by cross‐validation test were performed.Results:  The emergent CS rate was remarkably higher in the nulliparous group than in the multiparous group (17.6% vs 2.0%). In the nulliparous group, the high‐risk group demonstrated a higher CS rate than the low‐risk group (33.8% vs 15.6%). Multivariate analysis on nulliparous low‐risk cases with PROM demonstrated significant odds ratios for emergent CS in BS, MH and BW. Cross‐validation test selected these three factors as the best combination of parameters. The prediction formula was determined as follows: probability of CS (%) = (odds/1 + odds) ∗ 100, odds = eX and X = 8.18 + 1.23 ∗ BW (kg) − 7.74 ∗ MH (m) − 0.253 ∗ BS.Conclusion:  This study is the first to provide a prediction formula targeting an Asian population. Our model, which is specialized for nulliparous low‐risk women could enable obstetricians to inform patients of the precise prospect of IOL outcome.
Rotational torsion fatigue failure of an engine driven fuel pump coupling
Authors: WITHY B. , JAMES A. , WILLIAMS J. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTBetween 2005 and 2007 serious flight safety concerns arose when a small fleet of single engine basic trainer aircraft experienced five critical failures of engine driven fuel pump (EDFP) couplings, and a further instance of a cracked coupling. Consequent investigations showed that the coupling fractures were likely to have been caused by a combination of reverse torsional loading and bending. Engine ground runs were then carried out to evaluate linear and torsional engine vibration levels in the drive train affecting the fuel pumps. Analysis of the vibration data indicated that engines, which had caused pump‐coupling failures exhibited high‐amplitude torsional vibration at certain power settings. The excessive vibration level was eventually attributed to detuning of the crankshaft counterweight dampers. This investigation resulted in a change to the maintenance practises on the aircraft in question and no fuel pump failures have occurred since December 2008.
Feasibility and early outcomes of robotic‐assisted laparoscopic Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy in patients with prune belly syndrome
Authors: Wille Mark A. , Jayram Gautam , Gundeti Mohan S. 
Published: July 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?There is a single case reported in the literature describing this approach in prune belly syndrome. To our knowledge there are two case reports and two series in which laparoscopic appendicovesicostomy using the da Vinci robotic system was performed with good results. There are also several case reports of appendicovesicostomy creation using a pure laparoscopic approach. Additionally, several case reports have described combined procedures involving pure laparoscopic and robotic assisted techniques, including appendicovesicostomy with concurrent augmentation, nephrectomy, orchiopexy, antegrade continence enema and cecostomy tube placement. Nguyen et al. have a similar experience in terms of number of patients (ten) who have undergone RALMA, but have not operated on patients with PBS. To our knowledge this is the largest series of patients undergoing RALMA in patients with prune belly syndrome.OBJECTIVES• To evaluate the feasibility and report our initial experience with Robotic‐ Assisted Laparoscopic Mitrofanoff Appendicovesicostomy (RALMA) in patients with prune belly syndrome.• The Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy procedure uses the appendix to create an easily accessible continent, catheterizable channel into the urinary bladder. Historically, the procedure is performed by an open surgical approach in prune belly patients. We describe our initial experience herein.MATERIALS AND METHODS• Between October 2008 and February 2010 three patients with prune belly syndrome underwent RALMA.• The appendicovesicostomy anastomosis was performed on the anterior bladder wall and the stoma was brought to the umbilical site or right lower quadrant.• At least 4 cm of detrusor backing was ensured.• The appendicovesicostomy stent was left in place for 4 weeks postoperatively before initiation of catheterization.RESULTS• Mean age at surgery was 9.7 years (range 5–14 years).• Blood loss volume was 20 mL in each case. Overall mean operative time was 352 min (range 319–402 min). There were no intraoperative complications and no open conversions.• There was one postoperative complication in the form of wound infection.• All patients are catheterizing their stomas and are continent at an average follow‐up of 14.7 months (range 5–21 months).CONCLUSION• In our initial experience, RALMA is a feasible option with encouraging early experience for creating a continent catheterizable channel into the urinary bladder in patients with prune belly syndrome.
Morbidity of tumour enucleation for renal cell carcinoma (RCC): results of a single‐centre prospective study
Authors: Minervini Andrea , Vittori Gianni , Lapini Alberto , Tuccio Agostino , Siena Giampaolo , Serni Sergio , Carini Marco 
Published: July 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Nephron sparing surgery is the standard treatment for RCC up to a diameter of 7 cm, but it’s intra and postoperative morbidity is not negligable. Tumour enucleation is a nephron sparing technique with a demonstrated oncological efficacy while no prospective study evaluated its surgical results and postoperative morbidity to date.Our study adds a prospective evaluation of tumour enucleation morbidity. Our results showed that this technique has a low incidence of postoperative complications, especially of urinary fistula. Major tumour dimension and endorenal tumour growth resulted predictors of postoperative complications.OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of adverse events (AEs) after tumour enucleation (TE).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between 2006 and 2009, clinical, surgical and functional data were prospectively gathered from 200 consecutive patients who had open TE.
TE was done by blunt dissection using the natural cleavage plane between the tumour capsule and normal parenchyma.
All the AEs were stratified for severity according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria version 2.0 grading system.
Risk factors for AEs were determined by univariate analysis.
RESULTS
The mean (range) tumour size was 3.2 (0.8–10.0) cm, and mean (range) warm ischaemia time (WIT) was 16.5 (5–31) min.
Overall, 32 AEs (six grade I, 20 grade II, and six grade III) occurred after TE in 30 patients and of those 27 were surgical (13.5%) and five were medical AEs (2.5%).
On univariate analysis, imperative/relative surgical indication was the only predictive factor for the development of medical AEs. Statistically significant predictors of overall surgical AEs and urinary fistula were clinical tumour dimension, completely endorenal tumour growth and a positive tumour relationship with the urinary collecting system (UCS).
A completely endorenal tumour growth and a positive tumour relationship with the UCS also correlated with bleeding requiring transfusions. Completely endorenal tumour growth was significantly associated with major (grade III) AEs.
CONCLUSIONS
The TE technique was associated with a 16% AE rate and of those only 3% required re‐intervention (grade III).
Urinary fistula occurred in six patients (3%) and ureteric stenting was required in 0.5% of cases.
Is sensory over‐responsivity distinguishable from childhood behavior problems? A phenotypic and genetic analysis
Authors: Van Hulle Carol A. , Schmidt Nicole L. , Goldsmith H. Hill 
Published: July 2011

Background:  Although impaired sensory processing accompanies various clinical conditions, the question of its status as an independent disorder remains open. Our goal was to delineate the comorbidity (or lack thereof) between childhood psychopathology and sensory over‐responsivity (SOR) in middle childhood using phenotypic and behavior‐genetic analyses.Method:  Participants (N = 970) were drawn from the Wisconsin Twin Project, a population‐based sample of twins and their families. Mothers completed a sensory responsivity checklist when their offspring were on average 7 years old, followed by a diagnostic interview (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children; DISC) within 6–12 months. We examined the incidence of DISC diagnoses – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, agoraphobia, general anxiety, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety, social phobia, specific phobia, depression, enuresis, trichtollomaniatics, selective mutism, and pica – among children with SOR, and vice versa. Children with autism or pervasive developmental disorders were excluded from the present study. In addition, we examined parent‐reported physical health diagnoses among nondiagnosed children and three groups of children with SOR and/or DISC diagnoses. Biometric models explored common underlying genetic and environmental influences on symptoms of SOR and psychopathology.Results:  A majority of individuals who screened positive for SOR did not qualify for a DISC diagnosis (58.2%), and vice versa (68.3%). Children who screened positive for SOR only and typical children had similar rates of physical health problems. Turning to a dimensional approach, multivariate twin models demonstrated that modest covariation between SOR and DISC symptoms could be entirely accounted for by common underlying genetic effects.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that SOR occurs independently of recognized childhood psychiatric diagnoses but is also a relatively frequent comorbid condition with recognized diagnoses. Genetic sources of this comorbidity are implicated.