bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CCK2 receptor splice variant with intron 4 retention in human gastrointestinal and lung tumours
Authors: Körner Meike , Waser Beatrice , Reubi Jean Claude , Miller Laurence J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe wild‐type cholecystokinin type 2 (CCK2) receptor is expressed in many gastrointestinal and lung tumours. A splice variant of the CCK2 receptor with retention of intron 4 (CCK2Ri4sv) showing constitutive activity associated with increased tumour growth was described in few colorectal, pancreatic and gastric cancers. Given the potential functional and clinical importance of this spliceoform, its occurrence was quantitatively characterized in a broad collection of 81 gastrointestinal and lung tumours, including insulinomas, ileal carcinoids, gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), gastric, colorectal and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, cholangiocellular and hepatocellular carcinomas, small cell lung cancers (SCLC), non‐SCLC (nSCLC) and bronchopulmonary carcinoids, as well as 21 samples of corresponding normal tissues. These samples were assessed for transcript expression of total CCK2 receptor, wild‐type CCK2 receptor and CCK2Ri4sv with end‐point and real‐time RT‐PCR, and for total CCK2 receptor protein expression on the basis of receptor binding with in vitro receptor autoradiography. Wild‐type CCK2 receptor transcripts were found in the vast majority of tumours and normal tissues. CCK2Ri4sv mRNA expression was present predominantly in insulinomas (incidence 100%), GIST (100%) and SCLC (67%), but rarely in pancreatic, colorectal and gastric carcinomas and nSCLC. It was not found in wild‐type CCK2 receptor negative tumours or any normal tissues tested. CCK2Ri4sv transcript levels in individual tumours were low, ranging from 0.02% to 0.14% of total CCK2 receptor transcripts. In conclusion, the CCK2Ri4sv is a marker of specific gastrointestinal and lung tumours. With its high selectivity for and high incidence in SCLC and GIST, it may represent an attractive clinical target.
Association between type 1 and type 2 diabetes with periodontal disease and tooth loss
Authors: Kaur Gaganpreet , Holtfreter Birte , Rathmann Wolfgan G. , Schwahn Christian , Wallaschofski Henry , Schipf Sabine , Nauck Matthias , Kocher Thomas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to determine whether both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with increased prevalence and extent of periodontal disease and tooth loss compared with non‐diabetic subjects within a homogeneous adult study population.Material and Methods: T1DM, T2DM and non‐diabetic subjects were recruited from the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania. Additionally, T1DM subjects were retrieved from a Diabetes Centre. The total study population comprised 145 T1DM and 2647 non‐diabetic subjects aged 20–59 years, and 182 T2DM and 1314 non‐diabetic subjects aged 50–81 years. Periodontal disease was assessed by attachment loss (AL) and the number of missing teeth.Results: Multivariable regression revealed an association between T1DM (p<0.001) and T2DM (p<0.01) with mean AL after full adjustment. After age stratification (p=0.04 for interaction), the effect of T2DM was only statistically significant in the 60–69‐year‐old subjects (B=0.90 (95% confidence intervals [95% CI]; 0.49, 1.31). T1DM was positively associated with tooth loss (adjusted, p<0.001). The association between T2DM and tooth loss was statistically significant only for females (odds ratios=1.60 [95% CI: 1.10, 2.33]).Conclusions: Our study confirmed an association between both T1DM and T2DM with periodontitis and tooth loss. Therefore, oral health education should be promoted in diabetic subjects.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: review of the literature in reflection of unresolved dilemmas
Authors: Grisaru‐Granovsky S , Rabinowitz R , Ioscovich A , Elstein D , Schimmel MS 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground:  Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare but clinically and scientifically challenging condition. The introduction of ultrasound has enabled early prenatal detection and consequently, hope of early therapeutic intervention.Aim:  We undertook the task to review the recent developments in understanding the pathology of CDH as well as the history and current management strategies to aid perinatologists in consultations with parents of CDH‐affected foetuses.Study design:  A Medline search was undertaken of all reports and reviews published between 1980 and 2008 using MeSH search terms ‘diaphragmatic hernia’, ‘congenital’ and ‘newborn’.Results:  The true incidence of CDH is still difficult to estimate because of the high incidence of hidden mortality of CDH. Complete case ascertainment also poses difficulties in assessment of the impact of new therapeutic modalities on overall survival. Recent improvements in prenatal detection are a milestone in affording time for re‐assessments and parental counselling. The true benefit of antenatal therapy is circumscribed and should be offered only in selected cases of isolated severe CDH as defined by existing guidelines. Postnatal intensive respiratory supportive therapy and innovative surgical techniques within specialized tertiary centres has had a major impact on survival of babies with CDH.Conclusion:  The high survival of ‘selected cases’ that are live births and benefit from optimal care will be difficult to improve by antenatal interventions. The multidisciplinary approach to basic research and randomized clinical trials will further define the best approach to the foetus and neonate with CDH.
A different approach to galaxy evolution
Authors: Renzini Alvio 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The consequences are explored of an observationally established relationship of the star formation rate (SFR) of star-forming galaxies with their stellar mass (M) and cosmic time (t), such that SFR ∝Mt−2.5. It is shown that small systematic differences in SFR dramatically amplify in the course of time: galaxies with above-average SFR run into quasi-exponential mass and SFR growth, while galaxies with below-average SFR avoid such exponential growth and evolve with moderate mass increase. It is argued that galaxies following the first path would enormously overgrow if they keep forming stars all the way to the present, hence should quench star formation and turn passive. By the same token, those instead avoiding the quasi-exponential growth may keep forming stars up to the present. Thus, it is conjectured that this divergent behaviour can help us to understand the origin of the dichotomy between passive, spheroidal galaxies and star-forming, disc galaxies.
Two Staphylinina species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) new to Korea
Authors: CHO Young Bok , AHN Kee‐Jeong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo species of the subtribe Staphylinina (Platydracus vicarius Sharp and Ocypus lewisius Sharp) are identified for the first time in Korea. Diagnoses and illustrations of the habitus and male genitalia are presented.
Critical need for new definitions of “forest” and “forest degradation” in global climate change agreements
Authors: Sasaki Nophea , Putz Francis E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIf global policies intended to promote forest conservation continue to use the definition of “forest” adopted in 2001 by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (an area of >0.05–1 ha with >10–30% cover of plants >2–5 m tall at maturity), great quantities of carbon and other environmental values will be lost when natural forests are severely degraded or replaced by plantations but technically remain “forests.” While a definition of “forest” that is globally acceptable and appropriate for monitoring using standard remote sensing options will necessarily be based on a small set of easily measured parameters, there are dangers when simple definitions are applied locally. At the very least, we recommend that natural forest be differentiated from plantations and that for defining “forest” the lower height limit defining “trees” be set at more than 5 m tall with the minimum cover of trees be set at more than 40%. These changes will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from what is now termed forest “degradation” without increasing monitoring costs. Furthermore, these minor changes in the definition of “forest” will promote the switch from degradation to responsible forest management, which will help mitigate global warming while protecting biodiversity and contributing to sustainable development.
DIAMOND GRAPHS AND SUPER-REFLEXIVITY
Authors: JOHNSON WILLIAM B. , SCHECHTMAN GIDEON 
Published: July 2009

The main result is that a Banach space X is not super-reflexive if and only if the diamond graphs Dn Lipschitz embed into X with distortions independent of n. One of the consequences of that and previously known results is that dimension reduction a la Johnson–Lindenstrauss fails in any non-super-reflexive space with nontrivial type. We also introduce the concept of Lipschitz (p,r)-summing map and prove that every Lipschitz mapping is Lipschitz (p,r)-summing for every 1 ≤ r < p.
Assad-Kirk-Type Fixed Point Theorems for a Pair of Nonself Mappings on Cone Metric Spaces
Authors: Jankovic S. , Kadelburg Z. , Radenovic S. , Rhoades B. E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNew fixed point results for a pair of non-self mappings defined on a closed subset of a metrically convex cone metric space (which is not necessarily normal) are obtained. By adapting Assad-Kirk's method the existence of a unique common fixed point for a pair of non-self mappings is proved, using only the assumption that the cone interior is nonempty. Examples show that the obtained results are proper extensions of the existing ones.
The role of synthetic mesh in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Devaseelan Priscilla , Fogarty Paul 
Published: July 2009

Genital prolapse is a common indication for surgery and 30% of women treated with conventional surgery will develop recurrence of symptoms.
Innovative surgical repair techniques and systems are emerging but the search continues for the ideal procedure with guaranteed permanent success.
There is a general paucity of evidence to assist the surgeon in selecting the optimal approach.
This article addresses the role of different approaches to synthetic mesh repair in pelvic organ prolapse, their success rate and their short‐ and long‐term morbidity.

Learning objectives:

To understand the properties of synthetic mesh and the body's response.
To understand the possible roles of synthetic mesh in pelvic organ prolapse.
To be aware of the indications for use and the limitations and complications of the uses of mesh in pelvic organ prolapse.

Ethical issues:

The use of synthetic mesh has not been fully evaluated in randomised controlled trials but has been widely adopted into clinical practice. Is this an example of novelty triumphing over clinical evidence?

Please cite this article as: Devaseelan P, Fogarty P. The role of synthetic mesh in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2009;11:169–177.
Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy
Authors: Myers Bethan 
Published: July 2009

Thrombocytopenia occurs in 8–10% of all pregnancies.
In pregnancy it is usually mild and benign.
Rare causes can be associated with severe complications for mother and baby.
Cases thought to be due to immune thrombocytopenic purpura or microangiopathic processes should be managed in a specialist centre.

Learning objectives:

To learn about the underlying causes.
To be aware of the management of the more severe cases.
To ensure appropriate referral of high‐risk cases.

Ethical issues:

Clear prepregnancy counselling is important to enable women to make informed decisions regarding future pregnancies.
Women need to understand the percentage risk of recurrence of certain conditions and the risks to fetal wellbeing.

Please cite this article as: Myers B. Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2009;11:177–183.
The role of pelvic and para‐aortic lymph node dissection in the surgical treatment of endometrial cancer: a view from the UK
Authors: Holland Cathrine M 
Published: July 2009

The clinical value of pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy beyond diagnosis is questionable.
Women at low risk of nodal involvement can be identified without the need for lymphadenectomy in all cases.
There is controversy regarding the role and extent of lymphadenectomy in women at higher risk of nodal involvement.
Lymphadenectomy is not without adverse effects.
Radiotherapy does not reduce the rate of extrapelvic metastasis even in women who are fully surgically staged.
Decisions about adjuvant radiotherapy can be made without the need for lymphadenectomy.

Learning objectives:

To review the evidence base for lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer, comparing practices in the UK and USA.
To assess the circumstances in which lymphadenectomy may be therapeutic.

Ethical issues:

When is surgery, with its known adverse effects, justified?
There is a need to reduce inconsistencies in treatment while acting in the best interests of patients, requiring both clinical and gynaecological oncologists to cooperate in developing guidelines.

Please cite this article as: Holland CM. The role of pelvic and para‐aortic lymph node dissection in the surgical treatment of endometrial cancer: a view from the UK. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2009;11:205–209.
Knowledge of Diabetic Complications in a Diabetic Population
Authors: Hoque Mirza Azizul , Islam Md Sirajul , Khan Md Abdul Maleque , Ahasan HAM Nazmul 
Published: July 2009

This cross-sectional, questionnaire based descriptive study was carried out to evaluate the individual knowledge of diabetic complications in the diabetic patients and also to find the association of knowledge towards educational status and other socio-demographic profiles. A total 184 patients were included in this study. In this study, we found 91 subjects (48.9%) knew that heart disease was the most important diabetic complication, if blood glucose level wasn't controlled properly followed by cerebrovascular disease 27(14.7%), renal disease 24(13%) and eye diseases 9(4.9%). Unfortunately, awareness about frequency of diabetic foot disease, peripheral neurological problems, occurrence of sudden death were found in only 1(0.5%) cases. Awarness about other complications (miscellaneous) was 12(6.5%) and 8(4.3%) didn't know any of the above mentioned complications. Each subject was also asked whether they were apprehensive about the dreaded diabetic complications or not. Statistical difference wasn't observed in any of the parameter (i.e., individual education, an area of residence, monthly income, occupations, family history of individual) when compared with the degree of apprehension. None of the parameters was statistically significant. Further expansion of diabetic education programs like using mass media and involving national curriculum of education can improve self-regulatory awareness of diabetic complications which may reduce the morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Key words: diabetic complication, apprehension. doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2821 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 90-93
Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Before and After Legislation for Bystander CPR
Authors: Li Siwen , Qin Chongzhen , Zhang Hongjuan , Maimaitiming Mailikezhati , Shi Junyi , Feng YiKai , Huang Kepei , Bi Yanxin , Wang Minmin , Zhou Qiang , Jin Yinzi , Zheng Zhi-Jie 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceThe lack of evidence-based implementation strategies is a major contributor to increasing mortality due to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in developing countries with limited resources.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the implementation of legislation is associated with increased bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use and improved clinical outcomes for patients experiencing OHCA and to provide policy implications for low-income and middle-income settings.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis observational cohort study analyzed a prospective city registry of patients with bystander-witnessed OHCA between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2022. The Emergency Medical Aid Act was implemented in Shenzhen, China, on October 1, 2018. An interrupted time-series analysis was used to assess changes in outcomes before and after the law. Data analysis was performed from May to October 2023.ExposureThe Emergency Medical Aid Act stipulated the use of AEDs and CPR training for the public and provided clear legal guidance for OHCA rescuing.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were rates of bystander-initiated CPR and use of AEDs. Secondary outcomes were rates of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to arrival at the hospital, and survival at discharge.ResultsA total of 13 751 patients with OHCA (median [IQR] age, 59 [43-76] years; 10 011 men [72.83%]) were included, with 7858 OHCAs occurring during the prelegislation period (January 1, 2010, to September 30, 2018) and 5893 OHCAs occurring during the postlegislation period (October 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022). The rates of bystander-initiated CPR (320 patients [4.10%] vs 1103 patients [18.73%]) and AED use (214 patients [4.12%] vs 182 patients [5.29%]) increased significantly after legislation implementation vs rates before the legislation. Rates of prehospital ROSC (72 patients [0.92%] vs 425 patients [7.21%]), survival to arrival at the hospital (68 patients [0.87%] vs 321 patients [5.45%]), and survival at discharge (44 patients [0.56%] vs 165 patients [2.80%]) were significantly increased during the postlegislation period. Interrupted time-series models demonstrated a significant slope change in the rates of all outcomes.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that implementation of the Emergency Medical Aid Act in China was associated with increased rates of CPR and public AED use and improved survival of patients with OHCA. The use of a systemwide approach to enact resuscitation initiatives and provide legal support may reduce the burden of OHCA in low-income and middle-income settings.
Evacuation and Health Care Outcomes Among Assisted Living Residents After Hurricane Irma
Authors: Hua Cassandra L. , Patel Sweta , Thomas Kali S. , Jester Dylan J. , Kosar Cyrus M. , Peterson Lindsay J. , Dobbs Debra , Andel Ross , Dosa David M. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceEvacuation has been found to be associated with adverse outcomes among nursing home residents during hurricanes, but the outcomes for assisted living (AL) residents remain unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association between evacuation and health care outcomes (ie, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, mortality, and nursing home visits) among Florida AL residents exposed to Hurricane Irma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective cohort study using 2017 Medicare claims data. Participants were a cohort of Florida AL residents who were aged 65 years or older, enrolled in Medicare fee-for-service, and resided in 9-digit zip codes corresponding to US assisted living communities with 25 or more beds on September 10, 2017, the day of Hurricane Irma’s landfall. Propensity score matching was used to match evacuated residents to those that sheltered-in-place based on resident and AL characteristics. Data were analyzed from September 2022 to February 2024.ExposureWhether the AL community evacuated or sheltered-in-place before Hurricane Irma made landfall.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThirty- and 90-day emergency department visits, hospitalizations, mortality, and nursing home admissions.ResultsThe study cohort included 25 130 Florida AL residents (mean [SD] age 81 [9] years); 3402 (13.5%) evacuated and 21 728 (86.5%) did not evacuate. The evacuated group had 2223 women (65.3%), and the group that sheltered-in-place had 14 556 women (67.0%). In the evacuated group, 42 residents (1.2%) were Black, 93 (2.7%) were Hispanic, and 3225 (94.8%) were White. In the group that sheltered in place, 490 residents (2.3%) were Black, 707 (3.3%) were Hispanic, and 20 212 (93.0%) were White. After 1:4 propensity score matching, when compared with sheltering-in-place, evacuation was associated with a 16% greater odds of emergency department visits (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.33; P = .04) and 51% greater odds of nursing home visits (AOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.14-2.00; P = .01) within 30 days of Hurricane Irma’s landfall. Hospitalization and mortality did not vary significantly by evacuation status within 30 or 90 days after the landfall date.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of Florida AL residents, there was an increased risk of nursing home and emergency department visits within 30 days of Hurricane Irma’s landfall among residents from communities that evacuated before the storm when compared with residents from communities that sheltered-in-place. The stress and disruption caused by evacuation may yield poorer immediate health outcomes after a major storm for AL residents. Therefore, the potential benefits and harms of evacuating vs sheltering-in-place must be carefully considered when developing emergency planning and response.
Effects of pesticides on soil bacterial, fungal and protist communities, soil functions and grape quality in vineyards
Authors: Steiner Magdalena , Falquet Laurent , Fragnière Anne‐Laure , Brown Andrew , Bacher Sven 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Pesticides can have unintentional effects on non‐target organisms and change biotic communities. Such changes might be particularly important in soil microbial communities, which drive many ecosystem functions and may affect crop quality.

Here, we investigated, in a three‐year study, how vegetation control (by herbicide application) and soil copper content (from long‐term copper‐based fungicide application) affect biodiversity and the community structure of soil bacteria, fungi and protists, and associated soil functions (respiration, decomposition) in Swiss vineyards. Furthermore, we determined the effects of these two management practices on grape quality as the most direct ecosystem service to farmers.

Across all study years, the community composition of microorganisms was affected by herbicide application, however, a significant loss of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was only observed in fungi and protists. Soil copper content reduced OTU richness of bacteria and protists in some years but had no significant effect on fungal richness. Copper changed the community composition in all three groups of soil microorganisms. While we found no effect of copper on soil functions, herbicide application reduced microbial respiration and biomass by about 39% and 45%, respectively. However, decomposition rates remained virtually unchanged by any pesticide. Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) levels in grape were below the critical threshold of 140 mg/L in 40% of the vineyards without herbicide application and the variety Chasselas, whereas in vineyards with herbicide application, it was only 20%.

Application of pesticides led to changes in richness and composition of soil microbial communities and directly reduced some soil functions (microbial biomass and respiration) but not all (decomposition). Some grape quality parameters can be indirectly enhanced by pesticide application, highlighting the trade‐off between the interests of nature conservation and the interests of the farmer. Balancing these two diverging interests requires the establishment of alternative vineyard management allowing reduced pesticide application.