bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMR study, theoretical calculations for assignment of theZ‐ andE‐isomers, and kinetics investigation of stable phosphorus ylides involving a 2‐mercapto‐4,6‐dimethyl pyrimidine
Authors: Zakarianezhad Mohammad , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Ebrahimi Ali , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Ghasempour Hojjat 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the present work, NMR, theoretical, kinetics, and mechanism investigations were undertaken for a one‐pot condensation reaction between 2‐mercapto‐4,6‐dimethyl pyrimidine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of triphenyphosphine containing novel stable phosphorus ylides4a–c. Herein, theoretical calculations have been employed for assignment of the most stable isomers (ZorE) of phosphorus ylides4a,cby natural population analysis, atoms in molecules methods, and CHelpG keyword, in whichE‐4(a, c)are more stable forms as the majors. The1H,13C, and31P NMR data of these ylides are consistent with results obtained from theoretical calculations. In addition, kinetic investigation of new ylides was undertaken by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Useful information was obtained from studies of the effect of solvent, structure of reactants (different alkyl groups within the dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates), and also the concentration of reactants on the rate of reactions. The proposed mechanism was confirmed according to the obtained results and a steady‐state approximation, and the first step (k2) of the reaction was recognized as a rate‐determining step on the basis of the experimental data. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:462–474, 2010; View this article online atwileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20632
The duration of the use of imatinib mesylate is only weakly related to elevated BNP levels in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Marcolino Milena S. , Boersma Eric , Clementino Nelma C.D. , Nunes Maria do Carmo P. , Barbosa Márcia M. , Silva Maria Helena C.R. , Geleijnse Marcel L. , Ribeiro Antonio L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCardiotoxicity has been feared as a potential side effect of imatinib therapy. Studies with short‐term follow‐up failed to identify an excess of cardiac events, but longer‐term observations are needed to more definitely exclude this adverse effect. This study was designed to assess the cardiac effects of imatinib in patients under long‐term treatment. We included 90 chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients under imatinib therapy for a median treatment time of 3.3 years (mean age 48.9 ± 15.1 years). Patients underwent clinical evaluation, electrocardiography, echocardiography (two‐dimensional, colour flow, tissue Doppler and strain imaging), brain natiuretic peptide (BNP) and troponin I measurements. Twenty healthy volunteers were included as a control group for strain measurements. The mean ejection fraction was 68 ± 7% and the median BNP level was 9.6 pg/ml (interquartile range [IQR] 5.7–17.0 pg/ml). Two patients had either an elevated BNP or a depressed ejection fraction (2.2%; 90%CI 0.9–6.8%). Most of troponin I measurements were lower than the detection limit, except for two patients. Longitudinal strain was similar to measurements in healthy controls. A weak relation was observed between log BNP and imatinib treatment duration and dose. There was no relation between these variables and left ventricle ejection fraction. In conclusion, matinib‐related cardiotoxicity is an uncommon event in CML patients, even during long‐term treatment. Therefore, its use should not be cause of great concern, and the usefulness of regular cardiac monitoring all patients while on imatinib therapy is questionable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supporting long‐term workforce planning with a dynamic aging chain model: A case study from the service industry
Authors: Größler Andreas , Zock Alexander 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study demonstrates how a dynamic, aging chain model can support strategic decisions in workforce planning. More specifically, we used a system dynamics model (a modeling and simulation technique originating from supply chain management) to improve the recruiting and training process in a large German service provider in the wider field of logistics. The key findings are that the aging chain of service operators within the company is affected by a variety of delays in, for example, recruiting, training, and promoting employees, and that the structure of the planning process generates cyclic phases of workforce surplus and shortage. The discussion is based on an in‐depth case study conducted in the service industry in 2008. Implications are that planning processes must be fine‐tuned to account for delays in the aging chain. The dynamic model provides a tool to gain insight into the problem and to improve the actual human resource planning process. The value of the paper lies in the idea of applying a well‐known and quantitative method from supply chain management to a human resource management issue. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An exploratory study of governance in the intra‐firm human resources supply chain
Authors: Farndale Elaine , Paauwe Jaap , Boselie Paul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe human resource management (HRM) literature has paid insufficient attention to supply chain management (SCM) when exploring the architecture of human resources (HR). Drawing on an SCM perspective, this study develops our understanding of (1) the intra‐firm HR supply chain, and (2) how this HR supply chain influences corporate governance processes within large organizations. We argue that the HR function, represented as an internal professional service supply chain, needs appropriate governance principles as it operates through multiple delivery channels and with a wide variety of HRM practices. Exploratory findings from a qualitative empirical study of seven large organizations investigating governance and risk management in the HR supply chain are presented. These in‐depth interviews uncover how formal governance is relatively easy for these organizations to achieve, supported by outcome‐focused monitoring tools, but informal governance mechanisms can fail due to insufficient attention. Although standardized approaches to HR delivery can maximize the opportunity for HR governance, little evidence was found that the organizations were considering the related governance implications explicitly. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in clinical effect and tolerance between fluvoxamine and paroxetine: A switching study in patients with depression
Authors: Suzuki Yutaro , Tsuneyama Nobuto , Fukui Naoki , Sugai Takuro , Watanabe Junzo , Ono Shin , Someya Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveWe examined whether discontinuation and the responses to fluvoxamine (FLV) administration could predict the subsequent discontinuation and the responses to paroxetine (PRX) in patients with depression.MethodsThe subjects comprised 106 outpatients who were diagnosed with depression, and clinical evaluation was conducted every 2 weeks. Patients who discontinued FLV because of side effects or did not achieve remission with 200 mg/day of FLV, the drug was switched to PRX. The maximum dose of PRX was 40 mg/day.ResultsAmong 10 patients who discontinued FLV, PRX was also discontinued in one patient. Of 33 patients without remission on FLV, PRX was discontinued because of side effects in two patients. There was no statistical difference in the discontinuation rates between the two groups. Four of 10 patients who discontinued FLV achieved remission, while nine of 33 patients without remission with FLV achieved remission with PRX. The remission rate was not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionDiscontinuation and the responses related to FLV could not serve as a predictor for the subsequent discontinuation and the responses related to PRX. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of nightmares in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Gehrman Philip R. , Harb Gerlinde C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNightmares are a common feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and are frequently resistant to treatment. Two emerging treatments for nightmares are pharmacotherapy with prazosin and psychotherapy using imagery rehearsal (IR). A case illustration demonstrates the application of these treatments with a client suffering from chronic, severe PTSD. The case illustrates the use of these strategies for managing PTSD‐related nightmares, as well as the novel approach of scheduled awakenings following relapse. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–10, 2010.
Ionic liquid‐bonded polysiloxane as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography
Authors: Sun Xiaojie , Wu Caiying , Xing Jun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIonic liquid (IL) stationary phase is especially suitable for separation of complex samples, owing to the “dual nature” of IL. In this study, a synthetic method of ionic liquid‐bonded polysiloxane (PSOIL) as stationary phase of GC was proposed. Then, the PSOIL was used to prepare an 8 m capillary column by static method. The column efficiency was measured to be about 4000 plates/m (k=3.55, naphthalene) after the column had been conditioned at 210°C. The durability of PSOIL column was better than that of the mixed stationary phase of IL and OV‐1. Moreover, the Abraham solvation parameter model was employed to characterize the PSOIL. The result revealed that the PSOIL had stronger dispersion force (l) than neat IL and stronger hydrogen bond basicity (a) than DB‐1. That meant the PSOIL might offer good selectivity for both polar and non‐polar analytes. The column exhibited unique selectivity for various organic substances, such as the homologous compounds of alkanes, esters, alcohols and aromatic compounds. It was also found that some aromatic positional isomers could be separated better on the PSOIL column than on the DB‐1 column. Furthermore, the stationary phase was suitable for separation of high‐boiling point compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalic esters, etc. All of these demonstrated that the PSOIL offered good selectivity and high separation efficiency for a wide range of analytes.
Characterizing the Three‐Dimensional Orientation in Polymers using FT‐IR Spectroscopy with Linear Polarized Light
Authors: Brüll Robert , Maria Raquel , Rode Karsten 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe quantity of absorbance of linear polarized light depends for a given wavelength on the angle between an absorbing transition moment vector and the electric vector of the polarized light. Fraser used this relationship to interpret the infrared dichroism in axially oriented polymers. This model can be extended to calculate the orientation in three dimensions by transforming the Fraser's equation into a P2‐Legendre polynomial. As a result the orientation in three directions—fx, fy, and fz—can be calculated directly from the individual absorbances measured with an electric vector along the axes of interest, the structural absorbance A0 of the sample, and the angle of the transition moment vector in reference to the chain axis. Applying the f values into ‘Hermans’ Orientation function', it becomes possible to calculate the average angle of the chain axis with reference to the axes of interest.magnified image
On the Hamiltonian structure of Hirota‐Kimura discretization of the Euler top
Authors: Petrera Matteo , Suris Yuri B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with a remarkable integrable discretization of the so (3) Euler top introduced by Hirota and Kimura. Such a discretization leads to an explicit map, whose integrability has been understood by finding two independent integrals of motion and a solution in terms of elliptic functions. Our goal is the construction of its Hamiltonian formulation. After giving a simplified and streamlined presentation of their results, we provide a bi‐Hamiltonian structure for this discretization, thus proving its integrability in the standard Liouville‐Arnold sense (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a class of extremal solutions of a moment problem for rational matrix‐valued functions in the nondegenerate case I
Authors: Fritzsche Bernd , Kirstein Bernd , Lasarow Andreas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe main theme of this paper is the discussion of a parametrized family of solutions of a finite moment problem for rational matrix‐valued functions in the nondegenerate case. We will show that each member of this family is extremal in several directions concerning some point of the open unit disk. These investigations are inspired by the authors' paper [23], where a similar topic is studied in the context of the matricial Carathéodory problem. We will see that larger parts of the results presented there can be extended to the rational case studied here.The main theme of this paper is the discussion of a parametrized family of solutions of a finite moment problem for rational matrix‐valued functions in the nondegenerate case. We will show that each member of this family is extremal in several directions concerning some point of the open unit disk. These investigations are inspired by the authors' paper [23], where a similar topic is studied in the context of the matricial Carathéodory problem. We will see that larger parts of the results presented there can be extended to the rational case studied here (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dual‐echo Dixon imaging with flexible choice of echo times
Authors: Eggers Holger , Brendel Bernhard , Duijndam Adri , Herigault Gwenael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this work, a new two‐point method for water–fat imaging is described and explored. It generalizes existing two‐point methods by eliminating some of the restrictions that these methods impose on the choice of echo times. Thus, the new two‐point method promises to provide more freedom in the selection of protocol parameters and to reach higher scan efficiency. Its performance was studied theoretically and was evaluated experimentally in abdominal imaging with a multigradient‐echo sequence. While depending on the choice of echo times, it is generally found to be favorable compared to existing two‐point methods. Notably, water images with higher spatial resolution and better signal‐to‐noise ratio were attained with it in single breathholds at 3.0 T and 1.5 T, respectively. The use of more accurate spectral models of fat is shown to substantially reduce observed variations in the extent of fat suppression. The acquisition of in‐ and opposed‐phase images is demonstrated to be replaceable by a synthesis from water and fat images. The new two‐point method is finally also applied to autocalibrate a multidimensional eddy current correction and to enhance the fat suppression achieved with three‐point methods in this way, especially toward the edges of larger field of views. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immobilized contrast‐enhanced MRI: Gadolinium‐based long‐term MR contrast enhancement of the vein graft vessel wall
Authors: Mitsouras Dimitris , Vemula Praveen Kumar , Yu Peng , Tao Ming , Nguyen Binh T. , Campagna Christina M. , Karp Jeffrey M. , Mulkern Robert V. , Ozaki C. Keith , Rybicki Frank J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn implantable MR contrast agent that can be covalently immobilized on tissue during surgery has been developed. The rationale is that a durable increase in tissue contrast using an implantable contrast agent can enhance postsurgical tissue differentiation using MRI. For small‐vessel (e.g., vein graft) MRI, the direct benefit of such permanent “labeling” of the vessel wall by modification of its relaxation properties is to achieve more efficient imaging. This efficiency can be realized as either increased contrast leading to more accurate delineation of vessel wall and lesion tissue boundaries, or, faster imaging without penalizing contrast‐to‐noise ratio, or a combination thereof. We demonstrate, for the first time, stable long‐term MRI enhancement using such an exogenous contrast mechanism based on immobilizing a modified diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gadolinium3+ dihydrogen complex on a human vein using a covalent amide bond. Signal enhancement due to the covalently immobilized contrast agent is demonstrated for excised human vein specimens imaged at 3 T, and its long‐term stability is demonstrated during a 4‐month incubation period. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elasto‐plastic seepage‐induced stresses due to tunneling
Authors: Shin Jong‐Ho , Lee In‐Mo , Shin Young‐Jin 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYWhen tunneling is carried out beneath the groundwater table, hydraulic boundary is altered, resulting in seepage entering into the tunnel. The development of flow into the tunnel induces seepage stresses in the ground and the lining is subjected to additional loads. This can often cause fine particles to move, which clog the filter resulting in the long‐term hydraulic deterioration of the drainage system. However, the effect of seepage force is generally not considered in the analysis of tunnel. While several elastic solutions have been proposed by assuming seepage in an elastic medium, stress solutions have not been considered for the seepage force in a porous elasto‐plastic medium. This paper documents a study that investigates the stress behavior, caused by seepage, of a tunnel in an elasto‐plastic ground and its effects on the tunnel and ground. New elasto‐plastic solutions that adopt the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion are proposed for a circular tunnel under radial flow conditions. A simple solution based on the hydraulic gradient obtained from a numerical parametric study is also proposed for practical use. It should be noted that the simple equation is useful for acquiring additional insight into a problem on a tunnel under drainage, because only a minimal computational effort is needed and considerable economic benefits can be gained by using it in the preliminary stage of tunnel design. The proposed equations were partly validated by numerical analysis, and their applicability is illustrated and discussed using an example problem. Comments on the tunnel analysis are also provided. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic finite element modelling of water flow in variably saturated heterogeneous soils
Authors: Mousavi Nezhad M. , Javadi A. A. , Abbasi F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWater flow is greatly influenced by the characteristics of the domain through which the process occurs. It is generally accepted that earth materials have extreme variations from point to point in space. Consequently, this heterogeneity results in high variation in hydraulic properties of soil. In order to develop an accurate predictive model for transport processes in soil, the effects of this variability should be considered. In this study a two‐dimensional stochastic finite element flow model was developed for simulation of water flow through unsaturated soils. In this model, the stochastic partial differential governing equation of water flow, obtained from implementation of the perturbation‐spectral stochastic method on classical Richard's equation, was solved using a finite element method in the space domain and a finite difference scheme in the time domain. The effective hydrological parameters embedded in the mathematical model depend on time derivatives of capillary tension head; this makes possible to consider the hysteresis due to large‐scale variability of soil hydrological properties. The model is also capable of simulating infiltration and evaporation events and rapid change in the land surface boundary condition from one type event to another, based on a scheme used in the model for implementation of land surface boundary condition. The model was validated with the data obtained from a layered lysimeter test. The model was also used to simulate water flow under a long irrigation furrow. The results obtained with this model show better agreement with experimental measurements in comparison with a deterministic model. The possible reason for this agreement is that in the developed model, the influence of the variability of the properties of soil and effects of parameter hysteresis on water flow and water content redistribution are considered. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rheological study on high‐density polyethylene/organoclay composites
Authors: Tang Youhong , Yang Cheng , Gao Ping , Ye Lin , Zhao Chengbi , Lin Wei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMaleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene (MAPE) is investigated as a compatibilizer of polyethylene/organoclay nanocomposite. With MAPE help, partial exfoliation of the organoclay occurs in the nanocomposites with the melt compounding method for organoclay loading up to 8.0 wt%. Investigation of the rheological behaviors shows that at high frequencies or shear rates, the viscosity is essentially unaffected by the presence of organoclay; however, at low frequencies or shear rates, viscoelastic behavior alters dramatically, and this is attributed to the presence of anisotropic stacks of randomly oriented organoclay sheets and the formation of network structures. The important observations are firstly the initial stress overshooting observed in steady shear. At low shear rates, stress is much greater at the initial stage than the stress at the steady state; however, it can be eliminated by preshear at low shear rates, which means that preshearing can effectively break down the network structures and align the organoclay. Second, the normalized stress at the overshoot point is a function of the critical strain unit. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Biobased polyurethanes from polyether polyols obtained by ionic‐coordinative polymerization of epoxidized methyl oleate
Authors: Del Rio E. , Lligadas G. , Ronda J. C. , Galià M. , Cádiz V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of poly(ether urethane) networks were synthesized from polyether polyols obtained by ionic‐coordinative polymerization of epoxidized methyl oleate (EMO) using 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) or l‐lysine diisocyanate as coupling agents. Moreover, a variety of segmented poly(ether urethane) networks with different hard segment contents were obtained using 1,3‐propanediol as the chain extender. The materials were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and tensile properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Block copolymers based on 2‐vinyl‐4,4‐dimethyl‐5‐oxazolone by RAFT polymerization: Experimental and computational studies
Authors: Pascual Sagrario , Blin Thomas , Saikia Prakash J. , Thomas Michel , Gosselin Pascal , Fontaine Laurent 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe ability of 2‐vinyl‐4,4‐dimethyl‐5‐oxazolone (VDM), a highly reactive functional monomer, to produce block copolymers by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) sequential polymerization with methyl acrylate (MA), styrene (S), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated using cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB) and 2‐cyanoisopropyl dithiobenzoate (CPDB) as chain transfer agents. The results show that PS‐b‐PVDM and PMA‐b‐PVDM well‐defined block copolymers can be prepared either by polymerization of VDM from PS‐ and PMA‐macroCTAs, respectively, or polymerization of S and MA from a PVDM‐macroCTA. In contrast, PMMA‐b‐PVDM block copolymers with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity can only be obtained by using PMMA as the macroCTA. Ab initio calculations confirm the experimental studies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010