bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change, flooding, and HIV transmission in Africa: Potential relationships and a call for action
Authors: Oyinloye Emmanuel Abiodun , Ogunkola Isaac Olushola , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Adewole Iwatutu Joyce , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe increasing effects of climate change have intensified floods globally, especially in Africa, where millions of people live in poverty and are highly vulnerable to flooding. Climate change disproportionately affects the vulnerable, who are least equipped to handle its consequences, by exacerbating their situation. One such consequence is the potential for increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Africa has been disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. It now faces the additional challenge of a changing climate and floods, which are capable of increasing HIV transmission in Africa through several pathways. They can force population displacement and migration, leading to the expansion of sexual networks among people living with HIV (PLWHIV). They may also create conditions conducive to the spread of other infections. Floods can cause food insecurity, which can result in various sexual behaviors that expose people to HIV infection. As global warming is linked to a decrease in African food production capacity, the effect of food insecurity on HIV may be prominent in countries where transactional sexual means is a major route of HIV transmission. Floods can also hinder the provision of HIV services, such as pre‐ and postexposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy distribution, which may worsen the health outcomes of PLWHIV and promote HIV transmission, particularly in rural and remote communities. It is crucial to develop a climate‐resilient framework, including education, sustained access to HIV services, and promotion of social welfare for HIV prevention and treatment, to address the complex relationship between HIV, floods, and climate change.
Prevalence of asthma and wheeze among preschool and school‐aged children in Africa: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Rodney R. Mudau , Kuku K. Voyi , Joyce J. Shirinde 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Africa, asthma and wheezing are major health issues for children. There is a dearth of prior research examining the prevalence of asthma and wheezing in both preschool and school‐aged African children. Therefore, this meta‐analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of asthma and wheezing in African infants and children aged 0 month to 8 years.MethodsWe conducted a thorough electronic search of Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Web of Science to find papers published between January 2012 and July 2023. We reviewed only research that was published in English. Independently, two review authors examined the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the research studies. A fixed effects model and STATA 17 software were used. Using I2, heterogeneity was assessed.ResultsWe considered 10 papers from Africa that examined the prevalence of asthma and/or wheezing in preschool and school‐aged children. Asthma prevalence ranged from 1.70% to 20.85% (n = 7 134 total participants), with a meta‐analysis showing an overall prevalence of 4.41% (95% CI: 3.95–4.87), with no heterogeneity (I2 < 0). The historical prevalence rate of wheezing ranged from 4.71% to 67.72% (n = 8769 total participants), with a meta‐analysis revealing an overall prevalence of 22.91% (95% CI: 22.12–23.70), with no heterogeneity (I2 < 0) and no significant differences observed between studies.ConclusionsAsthma and wheezing are prevalent among African preschool and school‐aged children, highlighting the need for comprehensive and localized research to address this public health issue.
Compact and Stable Diamond Quantum Sensors for Wide Applications
Authors: Kainuma Yuta , Hatano Yuji , Shibata Takayuki , Sekiguchi Naota , Nakazono Akimichi , Kato Hiromitsu , Onoda Shinobu , Ohshima Takeshi , Hatano Mutsuko , Iwasaki Takayuki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study proposes compact, highly sensitive, and stable diamond quantum sensors for a wide range of applications, including biomedical and energy electronics. For enhanced sensitivity and alignment precision within the objective field, a high‐quality, (111)‐oriented 12C‐enriched chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond, featuring a nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) axis in the (111) direction, is employed as the sensor. To increase the fluorescence collection efficiency, the laser beam is irradiated from the side surface of the CVD diamond, and fluorescence is detected using a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) lens. The floor noise level of the magnetic field signal is 44 pT/Hz0.5. An Allan deviation of 1.2 pT over 1000 s of averaging demonstrates stability. This is attributable to the integration of a balancing circuit to cancel out laser noise, alongside mechanisms to compensate for temperature fluctuations and a copper housing to shield against electromagnetic field noise.
Pulmonary endometriosis presenting as multiple nodules and pseudocavities
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Deng Xiaoli , Du Yanhong , Sun Danxiong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPulmonary endometriosis is a rare disease of uncertain pathogenesis which generally presents with the cyclic clinical symptoms and catamenial changes noticed on computer tomography during menstruation. We report a case of a 33‐year‐old woman with recurrent hemoptysis for 1 year. The patient did not exhibit a temporal relationship between her periods and the onset of hemoptysis. A chest computed tomography scan showed multiple pseudocavities in the lower lobe of the right lung and multiple nodules in both lower lobes of the lungs. The right lower lobe wedge resection was performed. Postoperative pathological examination showed pulmonary endometriosis which is a rare cause of hemoptysis.
A Hybrid Case of Eosinophilic Folliculitis and Eosinophilic Cellulitis Associated with Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
Authors: Iatropoulou Domniki , Sprenger Cathryn , Griffiths Richard , Wijesuriya Nilukshi , Ho Bernard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Eosinophilic cellulitis or Wells syndrome encompasses distinct histopathological features but can also be associated with eosinophilic related conditions like hyper eosinophilic syndrome (HES) or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) (Churg–Strauss syndrome). We report a case of a Turkish 41-year-old female who presented in clinic with pruritus and tenderness on her chest and breasts, having received several courses of antibiotics for recurrent abscess formation. A year before she had been diagnosed with HES with multiorgan involvement that included biopsy proven eosinophilic folliculitis, and prompted further investigation including bone marrow aspiration that revealed T cell clonality. Biopsy of her rash revealed eosinophilic infiltration of the dermis with flame figures. Ongoing respiratory symptoms and a history of childhood asthma were suggestive of EGPA. This case highlights important associations that should be considered in the investigation of Wells syndrome.
The rise of inflation targeting
Authors: Binder Carola 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the interactions between politics and economic ideas leading to the adoption of inflation targeting in the United States. In the gold standard era, farmers' vulnerability to falling prices made price‐level stabilization a salient political and social concern. Economists of the progressive era honed in on price‐level stabilization as a key to promoting prosperity and social justice. Irving Fisher, in alliance with farm interests, helped members of Congress introduce price‐level stabilization bills that, while unsuccessful, introduced the possibility that a price‐level stabilization mandate might be a viable alternative to a gold standard. In the postwar years, the Great Inflation and Volcker disinflation set the stage for the rise of inflation targeting by highlighting the benefits of credibility, transparency, and expectations management. Tensions inherent in the implementation of inflation targeting—including its position in the “rules versus discretion” debate—have become more pronounced since the post‐COVID run‐up in inflation.
Molecular detection of piroplasms in domestic donkeys in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Cui Yanyan , Cao Mengya , Yu Fuchang , Zhao Aiyun , Tao Dayong , Zhu Tingting , Zhang Zhenjie , Qi Meng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPiroplasmosis is a common and prevalent tick‐borne disease that affects equids.ObjectivesTo determine the infection and molecular characteristics of the piroplasms in donkeys from Xinjiang, northwestern China, we undertook a cross sectional study by collecting representative samples across several counties within the region.MethodsA total of 344 blood samples were collected from adult domestic donkeys from 13 counties in Xinjiang. PCR was conducted to test for T. equi and B. caballi in the blood samples based on the equine merozoite antigen‐1 (Ema‐1) gene and the 48 kDa rhoptry protein (BC48) gene, respectively.ResultsSixteen blood samples tested positive for piroplasms and the overall infection rate was 4.7% (16/344). Seven of the 13 counties were positive for piroplasms. Among the 16 piroplasm‐positive samples, 15 were singly infected with T. equi with an infection rate of 4.4% (15/344), and coinfection with T. equi and B. caballi was detected in one sample (0.3%, 1/344) from Wushi. Four T. equi sequence genotypes were identified and grouped into different branches of the evolutionary trees.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the infection rate of piroplasms is low in domestic donkeys in southern Xinjiang and that T. equi genotypes have a regional distribution.
Disseminated Sarcocystis miescheriana infection in a finisher pig in Grenada
Authors: Chikweto Alfred , Mapp‐Alexander Veronica , Cummings Kimond , Bhaiyat Muhammad I. , Alhassan Andy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSarcocystis miescheriana infection is an important cause of carcass condemnation during meat inspection. The infection can cause morbidity and mortality in domestic pigs. In this study, an 8‐month‐old finisher pig was presented to a local abattoir for slaughter. Multiple white nodular lesions affecting the meat were observed, resulting in the condemnation of the carcass. Consequently, half of the carcass was submitted to the necropsy diagnostic laboratory in the School of Veterinary Medicine for further evaluation. Grossly, all superficial and deep muscle groups had severe multifocal macrocysts (3 mm × 2 mm × 1 mm) on the surface and extending deep into the skeletal musculature. Histopathology revealed moderate multifocal granulomatous and eosinophilic myositis with intralesional degenerated and intact parasites. Sample genomic DNA sequence analysis of the 18S RNA gene showed 100% identity to S. miescheriana in the GenBank. This is the first report of S. miescheriana in Grenada, West Indies.
Effective concentration of herbal anaesthetics Origanum vulgare L. oil and its effects on stress parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Bodur Türker , Oktavia Ika Shaliha , Sulmartiwi Laksmi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundUsing anaesthetics is an important application in aquaculture especially where the fish transportation, vaccination, grading, sorting activities and many other handling operations have been conducted during the different stages of production periods in the farms or hatcheries.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oregano essential oil (OO) as an anaesthetic for Nile tilapia and to determine the optimal concentration and post‐application stress effects compared to clove oil (CO).MethodsNile tilapia juveniles were exposed to different concentrations of OO (20–40–60–80–100 mg L−1) and CO (50 mg L−1) for different time periods to determine the optimal concentration and exposure time. After the effective concentration of OO was determined, in the second experiment, stress parameters (glucose, plasma cortisol) were analysed after 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h of application. The results compared to the control group and CO results.ResultsThe study found that OO which has carvacrol compound higher than 78% was an efficient anaesthetic for Nile tilapia, and the effective concentration was found to be 60 mg L−1. No significant differences were found between opercular beats in any concentration of OO and CO. Basal glucose level in blood without anaesthesia application and recorded at 39.33 mg dL−1 and significantly lower than OO and CO at first two sampling points, 0 and 2 h (p < 0.05). According to plasma cortisol level results, although CO experimental group showed secondary stress response at 12 h (17.91 ± 4.21 ng mL−1), OO and CO group cortisol levels decreased at 24 h after anaesthesia application 7.13 ± 0.14and 7.01 ± 0.54 ng mL−1, respectively, below the control group cortisol concentration (12.28 ± 1.81 ng mL−1).ConclusionsThese findings have important implications for the aquaculture industry as the use of OO as an anaesthetic could reduce the stress and mortality associated with traditional anaesthetics. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of OO as an anaesthetic agent for other fish species and to determine the optimal concentration and exposure time for different species.
Dietary composition influences sperm quality and testis damage via endoplasmic reticulum stress in lambs
Authors: Imik Aybuke , Eren Murat , Can Mazhar Burak , Ozkanlar Seckin , Omur Ali Dogan , Aydin Mehmet Akif , Sunar Serhat , Akarsu Serkan Ali 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolic impacts of including soya meal, wheat gluten and corn gluten in the diet of male lambs could influence their reproductive performance.ObjectivesAn experiment was carried out to assess the effects of corn gluten, wheat gluten and soya meal on the reproductive system of male lambs.MethodsTwenty‐four male Morkaraman lambs, aged 9 months, were utilized in this study and were fed experimental diets for 56 days. The lambs were divided into a control group (soybean meal + safflower meal), a corn group (corn gluten) and a wheat group (wheat gluten).ResultsThe serum follicle‐stimulating hormone level of the control group was significantly higher and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) level was lower than the wheat and corn gluten groups (p < 0.05). The lowest malondialdehyde level in testicular tissue was observed in the control group, whereas the highest was in the wheat gluten group (p < 0.05). The glutathione level in the control group was significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The corn gluten group showed the highest CHOP and IRE1 levels; the lowest Bcl‐2 levels and the highest IL‐1B and P2 × 7R levels were found in the wheat group; and the lowest TNF‐α levels were in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the study revealed that diet had a significant impact on spermatological parameters of the testis such as diameter, volume and weight (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results concluded that the inclusion of different protein sources in the diet of reproductive male lambs affects the metabolism of testicular tissue.
Approaches for Automating Cybersecurity Testing of Connected Vehicles
Authors: Marksteiner Stefan , Priller Peter , Wolf Markus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVehicles are on the verge building highly networked and interconnected systems with each other. This requires open architectures with standardized interfaces. These interfaces provide huge surfaces for potential threats from cyber attacks. Regulators therefore demand to mitigate these risks using structured security engineering processes. Testing the effectiveness of this measures, on the other hand, is less standardized. To fill this gap, this book chapter contains an approach for structured and comprehensive cybersecurity testing of contemporary vehicular systems. It gives an overview of how to define secure systems and contains specific approaches for (semi-)automated cybersecurity testing of vehicular systems, including model-based testing and the description of an automated platform for executing tests.
Security of Wireless IoT in Smart Manufacturing: Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures
Authors: Zahra Fatima Tu , Bostanci Yavuz Selim , Soyturk Mujdat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses modern smart manufacturing systems, the challenges in building such systems, and their vulnerabilities due to the lack of security features. The manufacturing industry has been revolutionized by the rapid growth of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the Internet of Things (IoT). Today, smart manufacturing systems are essential for the progress of Industry 4.0. The emerging smart Industry 4.0 benefits from the software and hardware components of the IoT ecosystem and creates a bridge between digital and physical environments which increases productivity, reduces costs, and provides better customer experience and satisfaction. IoT systems facilitate edge-computing, fog, and cloud systems and enable data-driven decisions with data analytics and artificial intelligence. However, integrating these promising technologies into the industry has led to new challenges by increasing the opportunities for adversaries to attack and sabotage industrial systems. Possible outcomes of such attacks can be extended from economic damage, loss of critical information, loss of production, serious injuries, and even loss of life. In this chapter, the security of manufacturing systems, their vulnerabilities, and potential types of cyber-attacks are elaborated on to provide insights into the liability of the existing approaches. Additionally, countermeasures to attacks and their limitations regarding existing and future security challenges are detailed to raise awareness regarding available technologies.
Explainable Anomaly Detection of 12-Lead ECG Signals Using Denoising Autoencoder
Authors: Hribar Rok , Torkar Drago 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnomaly detection is an important task in the field of medical diagnostics, especially when it comes to ECG signals. Anomalies in ECG signals can be indicative of various cardiac conditions, such as arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and other, possibly life threatening, cardiac diseases. In medicine AI-assisted anomaly detection is favorable compared to diagnoses prediction because it can identify all out-of-the-ordinary patterns and not only those that are well represented in the available data bases. Also, AI-assisted anomaly detection can help reduce the risk of medical errors due to its ability to detect subtle abnormalities that may not be easily detected by humans. However, traditional anomaly detection methods are often limited in their ability to explain why an anomaly was detected. We propose an approach to an explainable anomaly detection and denoising of 12-lead ECG signals using a denoising autoencoder. The proposed approach is based on the idea of reconstructing the original signal from a noisy version of it, and then using the reconstruction error to detect anomalies, and also pinpoint them on the ECG in a visual way. We evaluate the proposed approach on a publicly available data sets and show that it is able to detect anomalies with high accuracy and explain why they were detected. The developed framework was also implemented as a cloud-based service that enables user-friendly ECG anomaly detection with minimal software and hardware capabilities.
Professionstheoretischer Bezugsrahmen
Authors: Stadelmann Karin A. 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungSich in der Debatte zu Professionalisierung bezogen auf die Soziale Arbeit zu verorten, ist – ehrlicherweise gesagt – kein einfaches Unterfangen. Denn die Diskussion, ob Soziale Arbeit eine Profession ist, wird seit Jahrzenten hartnäckig und zugleich kontrovers geführt. Professionsforschung allgemein betrachtet untersucht das Handeln und Wirken und wie dieses in vorhandene institutionelle und organisationale Strukturen eingebettet ist. Diesem Verständnis folgend werden auf die Forschungsfrage bezogenen professionstheoretische Ansätze für das Feld der Palliative Care skizziert.
Schlussbetrachtung: das Unbekannte als Orientierungshilfe im beruflichen Alltag am Lebensende
Authors: Stadelmann Karin A. 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Forschung setzte sich zum Ziel, die eigenen Sichtweisen von Fachpersonen der Sozialen Arbeit auf ihr Tätigsein in der Begleitung am Lebensende sichtbarer zu machen – und dabei einen wichtigen Schritt bezogen auf das praxisbedingte Verorten des professionellen Handelns zu leisten.
Lightlike conformal reduction of 6d (1, 0) theories
Authors: Gustavsson Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study 6d (1, 0) superconformal theories. These have a natural lightlike conformal Killing vector, the Dirac current. We perform a conformal dimensional reduction along the Dirac current down to five-dimensions in such a way that we always preserve at least two real supercharges.
Incident and Load Power Relations in a Mismatched Lossless Transmission Line
Authors: Uduwawala Disala , Weerasekera Roshan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, a set of equations is derived to find incident and load power explicitly in terms of load and source reflection coefficients in a lossless transmission line mismatched to both source and load impedances. A transmission line can be mismatched as the frequency varies if the source and load impedances are frequency dependent. Unlike in a scenario, where the transmission line is either matched to the source or load, the incident and load power depends on the length of the transmission line when both the source and load impedances are not matched to the line. The equations derived show that the power varies with the line length with a period of half wavelength. The maximum and minimum incident and load power with the corresponding line lengths are derived. The use of the Smith chart to find these lengths and the ratio of maximum to minimum is also described. Finally, three applications of the results including an additional version of the Friis transmission equation and the bandwidth improvement of power transfer for frequency dependent source and load impedances are presented.