bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the rumen microbial populations, hydrolytic enzyme activities and dry matter degradability between different species of ruminant
Authors: MOON Yea Hwang , OK Ji Un , LEE Shin Ja , HA Jong Kyu , LEE Sung Sill 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTA comparative study among Korean native cow (Hanwoo), Holstein dairy cow, Korean native goat and crossbred sheep on the population and marker concentration of ruminal microbes, the activities of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), xylanase and amylase, and in situ dry matter (DM) degradability were conducted. Twelve ruminally cannulated animals, three of each species, were used. Animals were fed the same diet containing 40% formula feed and 60% rice straw at the level of 2.5% of body weight. Total viable microbial populations in the rumen fluid were significantly (P < 0.01) greater for bacteria and fungi in goat than those of Holstein. The protozoan population among ruminant species was the reverse from that of bacteria. The concentrations of 2,6‐diaminopimelic acid and chitin as markers for bacteria and fungi in the rumen fluid, respectively, were highest in goat, which is in accordance with the above population data. The concentration of aminoethylphosphonic acid as marker of protozoa was highest in Hanwoo and lowest in sheep (P < 0.01). Goat had the highest (P < 0.01) activities of all the enzymes investigated among ruminants. In situ effective degradation of the DM of rice straw was approximately 19% higher in the rumen of goat compared with other animals.
Genetic variation within coat color genes of MC1R and ASIP in Chinese brownish red Tibetan pigs
Authors: MAO Huirong , REN Jun , DING Nengshui , XIAO Shijun , HUANG Lusheng 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP) are two major genes affecting coat color phenotypes in mammals, and inactivation mutations in the MC1R gene are responsible for red coat color in European pig breeds. Conversely, the gain‐of‐function ASIP mutations block MC1R signaling and lead to the production of red pheomelanin. Chinese Tibetan pigs have three types of coat color phenotypes, including brownish red, solid black and black with patches of brownish red and white. Herein, we investigated variations of the MC1R and ASIP genes in Tibetan pigs. The results showed that the brownish red Tibet pig had the dominant black MC1R allele (ED1). No loss‐of‐function mutation in MC1R responsible for red coat color in European breeds was observed in this breed. No causal mutation for the red coat color phenotype was found in the coding sequence of the ASIP gene. A novel missense mutation c.157G > A was firstly identified in exon 2 of ASIP, which was further genotyped in 285 pigs from five Chinese breeds and three Western breeds having different coat color phenotypes. Nearly all pigs were GG homozygotes. In conclusion, no functional variant responsible for brownish red coloration was found in the coding region of MC1R and ASIP in Tibetan pigs.
Hydrogen peroxide produced by a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk with high electrical conductivity in dairy cows
Authors: SAKAI Senkiti , SATOW Takahiro , IMAKAWA Kazuhiko , NAGAOKA Kentaro 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTIn dairy cows, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced from a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk from inflamed quarters was lower than that in milk from un‐inflamed quarters. In milk of delivery grade, characteristics of H2O2 production in milk with high electrical conductivity (EC) were examined in this study. Milk samples were collected from a total of 230 cows at 1‐month intervals, and the EC of skimmed milk was determined. Based on the highest and the lowest EC of a cow's quarter milk, the inter‐quarter difference of ≥0.6 mS/cm (mean + t0.01 SE) was taken as a high EC. Milk with high EC was found in 52 quarters. In cows with milk of high EC, H2O2 production in milk with normal EC was higher than that in milk with high EC in the same animal but was lower than that in the control population. In milk with high EC, the decrease of H2O2 production correlated with the increase in EC. The production of H2O2 decreased in particular when the inter‐quarter difference exceeded 0.8 mS/cm. In milk collected from the same quarter 1 month before, EC changed from normal to high, and H2O2 production decreased. In milk from the other three quarters, EC remained normal and H2O2 production remained unchanged. We concluded that milk with high EC appeared in low H2O2‐producing cows. The results suggest that the degree of decrease in H2O2 production reflects the extent of quarter abnormality.
Anti‐allergic effects of Lactobacillus crispatus KT‐11 strain on ovalbumin‐sensitized BALB/c mice
Authors: TOBITA Keisuke , YANAKA Hiroyuki , OTANI Hajime 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the effects of oral ingestion of Lactobacillus crispatus KT‐11 strain (KT‐11) on the immune response in an allergic rhinitis mouse model, ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized BALB/c mice. Sneezing activity in mice that were administered a KT‐11‐supplemented diet was significantly lower than that in mice administered a KT‐11‐free diet (control diet) at age 11 weeks. We found that serum OVA‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and total number of interleukin (IL)‐4+CD4+ spleen cells in mice that were administered a KT‐11‐supplemented diet were significantly lower than in mice administered a control diet. The ratio of spleen interferon‐γ+CD4+/IL‐4+CD4+ cells was higher in the mice administered the KT‐11‐supplemented diet compared to that in mice administered the control or L. rhamnosus GG‐supplemented diet. In contrast, the number of CD11b+CD80+ and FcεRIα+CD117+ cells was significantly lower in mice administered the KT‐11‐supplemented diet. These results suggested that KT‐11 reduced OVA‐induced allergic symptoms in BALB/c mice via the adjustment of the T helper type 1/T helper type 2 balance, and a decrease in the number of antigen‐presenting cells and high affinity IgE receptor‐positive mast cells.
Modulatory effects of two levels of dietary Alliums on immune response and certain immunological variables, following immunization, in White Leghorn chickens
Authors: HANIEH Hamza , NARABARA Kiyoaki , PIAO Mingzi , GERILE Chaogetu , ABE Asaki , KONDO Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis study aimed at investigating the effects of dietary Allium sativum (garlic, G) and Allium cepa (onion, O) on immune functions in White Leghorn chicken. One‐week‐old chicks, were fed diets without (control) or with Alliums (GL and OL, 10 g or GH and OH, 30 g/kg diet). Chickens were immunized with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA). Antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation, and ratios of CD4+, CD8+ and CD4‐CD8‐ lymphocytes were investigated. Histology and weights of the spleen, thymus and bursa (BF), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were studied as well. Alliums at 10 g/kg diet enhanced anti‐NDV, anti‐SRBC and anti‐BA antibody productions, whereas 30 g/kg diet had less stimulatory effects. Histology of the lymphoid organs and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were not influenced. However, splenocyte and thymocyte proliferations were augmented with garlic. Flow cytometry analysis showed reduction in CD4+ and increase in CD4‐CD8‐ lymphocyte ratios in GH and OH groups. Garlic‐supplemented chickens had heavier spleen and thymus, and higher WBC counts, whereas BF weight increased with both Alliums at 30 g/kg diet. These results suggest that dietary Alliums have a potential to enhance the immune functions in White Leghorn chickens.
Amniotic band sequence: An extreme case
Authors: Kahramaner Zelal , Cosar Hese , Turkoglu Ebru , Erdemir Aydin , Kanik Ali , Sutcuoglu Sumer , Ozer Esra Arun 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAmniotic band sequence (ABS) is a rare cause of fetal disruptions associated with fibrous bands that entrap various fetal parts in utero and lead to abnormalities. Fetal disruptions of ABS are influenced by the timing of the amnion rupture and the site of amnion adherence. Herein we report an extreme case of ABS presented with dysmorphic face, amputation of four extremities and fusion of legs and genitalia with a fibrotic band. This is an extreme case of ABS characterized by an unusual combination of multiple fetal anomalies.
CD91 interacts with mannan‐binding lectin (MBL) through the MBL‐associated serine protease‐binding site
Authors: Duus Karen , Thielens Nicole M. , Lacroix Monique , Tacnet Pascale , Frachet Philippe , Holmskov Uffe , Houen Gunnar 
Published: October 2010

CD91 plays an important role in the scavenging of apoptotic material, possibly through binding to soluble pattern‐recognition molecules. In this study, we investigated the interaction of CD91 with mannan‐binding lectin (MBL), ficolins and lung surfactant proteins. Both MBL and L‐ficolin were found to bind CD91. The MBL–CD91 interaction was time‐ and concentration‐dependent and could be inhibited by known ligands of CD91. MBL‐associated serine protease 3 (MASP‐3) also inhibited binding between MBL and CD91, suggesting that the site of interaction is located at or near the MASP–MBL interaction site. This was confirmed by using MBL mutants deficient for MASP binding that were unable to interact with CD91. These findings demonstrate that MBL and L‐ficolin interact with CD91, strongly suggesting that they have the potential to function as soluble recognition molecules for scavenging microbial and apoptotic material by CD91.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐8040679, MINT‐8040706: MBL (uniprotkb: P11226) binds (MI:0407) to CD91 (uniprotkb: Q07954) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MI:0411)
MINT‐8040690: L‐ficolin (uniprotkb: Q15485) binds (MI:0407) to CD91 (uniprotkb: Q07954) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MI:0411)
MINT‐8040663: C1q B (uniprotkb: P02746), C1q C (uniprotkb: P02747), C1q A (uniprotkb: P02745) and CD91 (uniprotkb: Q07954) physically interact (MI:0915) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MI:0411)
MINT‐8040821, MINT‐8040869, MINT‐8040928: CD91 (uniprotkb: Q07954) binds (MI:0407) to MBL (uniprotkb: P11226) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
MINT‐8040880: CD91 (uniprotkb: Q07954) binds (MI:0407) to L‐ficolin (uniprotkb: Q15485) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
National health and hospital network for Australia's future: Implications for emergency medicine
Authors: FitzGerald Gerry , Ashby Richard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe proposals arising from the agreement reached between the Rudd government and the States and Territories (except Western Australia) in April 2010 represent the most fundamental realignment of health responsibilities since the creation of Medicare in 1984. They will change the health system, and the structures that will craft its future direction and design. These proposals will have a significant impact on Emergency Medicine; an impact from not only the system‐wide effects of the proposals but also those that derive from the specific recommendations to create an activity‐based funding mechanism for EDs, to implement the four hour rule and to develop a performance indicator framework for EDs. The present paper will examine the potential impact of the proposals on Emergency Medicine to inform those who work within the system and to help guide further developments.More work is required to better evaluate the proposals and to guide the design and development of specific reform instruments. Any such efforts should be based upon a proper analysis of the available evidence, and a structured approach to research and development so as to deliver on improved services to the community, and on improved quality and safety of emergency medical care.
Fatal methaemoglobinaemia induced by self‐poisoning with sodium nitrite
Authors: Harvey Martyn , Cave Grant , Chanwai Giles 
Published: October 2010

AbstractInadvertent ingestion of sodium nitrite is known to precipitate metheamoglobinaemia. No cases exist, however, of intentional suicide by methaemoglobinaemia following self‐poisoning with sodium nitrite. A 76‐year‐old man collapsed and rapidly developed brady‐asystolic cardiac arrest 25 min following self‐poisoning with an unknown quantity of crystalline sodium nitrite. On arrival in the ED the patient was asystolic with cardiopulmonary resuscitation in progress. Haemoglobin concentration was 110 g/L, arterial methaemoglobin measured 82.6% and serum lactate 9.6 mmol/L. Antioxidative treatment was undertaken with total 5 mg/kg intravenous methylene blue administered in divided aliquots. Despite prolonged resuscitative efforts the patient died. Resuscitation from methaemoglobinaemia‐induced asystole following self‐poisoning presents a unique therapeutic challenge. Treatment of methaemoglobinaemia‐induced cardiovascular instability and overt cardiopulmonary arrest are discussed.
Getting the blues at a rock concert: A case of severe methaemoglobinaemia
Authors: Wilkerson R Gentry 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMethaemoglobin is the form of haemoglobin in which the iron moiety of the haem group has been oxidized from the ferrous to the ferric state. Methaemoglobinaemia is due to either an increase in the production of the oxidized haem moiety or due to decreased conversion back to the reduced form. This article presents a case of amyl nitrite‐induced methaemoglobinaemia and discusses the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.
Optimization of Medium Constituents for ɛ‐Poly‐L‐Lysine Fermentation with Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Zong Hong , He Yibo , Zhan Yao , Du Juan , Feng Fengqin , Li Duo 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:  ɛ‐Poly‐L‐lysine (ɛ‐PL) is a novel food biopreservative with broad antimicrobial activity. In the present study, single‐factor experiments were applied to screen optimal carbon and nitrogen sources that affect the yield of a ɛ‐PL‐producing strain, Streptomyces violaceusniger, which was obtained in our laboratory recently. Box‐Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM) were adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing the composition of the fermentation medium. The results showed that the main factors that affect ɛ‐PL production were glucose, carbon source; peptone, organic nitrogen source; and (NH4)2SO4, inorganic nitrogen source. The optimum fermentation medium for ɛ‐PL production of S. violaceusniger consisted of (g/L) glucose, 62.49; peptone, 5.71; (NH4)2SO4, 11.19; MgSO4, 0.5; FeSO4, 0.03; ZnSO4, 0.04; KH2PO4, 1.36; and Na2HPO4.12H2O, 3.58. When cultured in the optimum medium, the ɛ‐PL production was an average of 0.349 ± 0.025 mg/mL, which was 1.75 times higher than the initial medium.Practical Application:  The present study illustrated the potential use of response surface methodology with the Box‐Behnken design in biotechnology. Results from this work suggested that ɛ‐PL production was increased greatly with the optimal medium constituents by the potential organism, S. violaceusniger, which may be a good resource for the industrial production of ɛ‐PL in future.
Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Protein Isolate in Rats Fed a Normal and High Cholesterol Diet
Authors: Biswas Arundhati , Dhar Pubali , Ghosh Santinath 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:  The dietary influence of sesame protein isolate (protein content 91.5%), produced from dehulled, defatted sesame meal, on blood and tissue lipid profile and lipid peroxidation has been assessed in normal and hypercholesterolemic rats. To evaluate their hypocholesterolemic and antioxidative activity in vivo, we fed 18% sesame protein isolate with or without 2% cholesterol in comparison with casein to rats for 28 d. We determined plasma total protein, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol, triacylglycerol as well as susceptibility of plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid to oxidation ex vivo. Liver tissue lipid, cholesterol, phospholipids, and lipid peroxidations were also determined. The total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were significantly reduced in the sesame protein isolate and isolate containing cholesterol group than the corresponding control casein groups. HDL‐cholesterol level was also increased in sesame protein isolate (41%) and protein isolate containing cholesterol group (38%) than the corresponding control casein and casein containing cholesterol groups. There was 49% and 64% lowering of plasma lipid peroxidation as well as 36% and 56% lowering of lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility (LOS) in the 2 experimental groups (sesame protein isolate and isolate containing cholesterol group) than the corresponding control (casein and casein containing cholesterol) groups. There was significant lowering of erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation (68% and 63% lowering in sesame protein isolate and isolate containing cholesterol groups) and liver lipid peroxidation (61% and 76% lowering in the 2 experimental groups than the corresponding control casein groups). Therefore, our results indicate that sesame protein isolate decreases cholesterol concentration in plasma, increases HDL‐cholesterol, and also decreases plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation with or without cholesterol fed diet in rats.Practical Application:  Sesame protein isolate (SPI) can be produced from dehulled, defatted sesame meal. SPI consumption can reduce cardiovascular disease by reducing LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and by increasing HDL cholesterol. As sesame is an important oil seed crop in various parts of the world, SPI can be utilized in various food formulation for its beneficial effect.
Accumulation of refractory factors for pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy in older female patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Chayama Kazuaki , Hayes C. Nelson , Yoshioka Kentaro , Moriwaki Hisataka , Okanoue Takeshi , Sakisaka Shotaro , Takehara Tetsuo , Oketani Makoto , Toyota Joji , Izumi Namiki , Hiasa Yoichi , Matsumoto Akihiro , Nomura Hideyuki , Seike Masataka , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: October 2010

Aim:  Several host and viral factors have been reported to influence the effectiveness of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C. In Japan, where the age of treated patients is comparatively high, recent studies have reported poor response to treatment in older female patients, but little is known about the relationship between advanced age in women and previously reported factors.Methods:  Using a database of 1167 patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b, we analyzed the amino acid sequences of the HCV core protein and interferon sensitivity determining region (ISDR) and examined the relationships among predictive factors.Results:  The proportion of patients with substitutions at core 70, which is associated with poor response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy, increased with age only in female patients. A similar trend was observed for ISDR wild type (wt). We also found that core 70 wt is associated with core 91 wt (P = 5.4 × 10−9) as well as ISDR wt (P = 0.025). HCV RNA levels were higher in patients with core and ISDR wt (P < 0.001). Furthermore, core amino acid mutations were associated with advanced fibrosis and higher inflammatory activity (P = 0.028 and 0.048, respectively) as well as higher gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase, alanine aminotransferase and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.001, 0.006 and 0.001, respectively).Conclusion:  A combination of factors account for poor response rate in older female patients in Japan. Elucidating the relationship between amino acid substitutions and metabolic alteration is an important step in understanding the mechanism of HCV interferon resistance.
Meta‐analysis of the association between anti‐HBc seropositivity and a poor prognosis of chronic HCV infection
Authors: Nan Xiao , Shi Shuang , Yu Canqing , Zhuang Hui 
Published: October 2010

Aim:  The impact of serological HBsAg− and anti‐HBc+ on the prognosis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is unknown. We conducted a systematic review to analyze whether anti‐HBc positivity imposes any effect on the course of HCV‐related chronic liver disease.Methods:  We retrieved references from online databases that included PubMed and EMBASE. Data were gathered with regard to demographic information, disease progression and prognosis, and the results of serological tests. The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the endpoint of follow‐up of all cohort studies.Results:  Eighteen references were included in this study, of which four were cohort studies. Twelve studies were retrospective, observational and non‐interventional studies. According to our meta‐analysis, the rate of serological HBsAg− and anti‐HBc+ was higher among HCC patients compared with non‐HCC patients (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% CI, 1.22–1.98). HCV patients that were anti‐HBc+ had a greater chance of developing HCC than their anti‐HBc− counterparts (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.34–3.47).Conclusions:  The serological status of HBsAg− and anti‐HBc+ appears to be correlated with a poor prognosis for chronic HCV infection. Though the general quality of these references was low, and multiple confounding factors existed, the likelihood of a poorer outcome of HCV patients that are positive for anti‐HBc should be considered by their physicians.
Interpretation of capillary zone electrophoresis compared with cellulose acetate and agarose gel electrophoresis: reference intervals and diagnostic efficiency in dogs and cats
Authors: Giordano Alessia , Paltrinieri Saverio 
Published: October 2010

Background:Serum protein electrophoresis is widely used for diagnostic and research purposes. Cellulose acetate (CAE) and agarose gel (AGE) electrophoresis are the most frequently used methods, but capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is beginning to be used more in veterinary laboratories. However, reference intervals for CZE in animals and comparison studies with the other electrophoretic techniques are lacking, compromising the diagnostic utility of CZE.Objectives:The aims of this study were to compare results obtained using CAE, AGE, and CZE; to establish reference intervals for CZE in dogs and cats; and to assess the capacity of CZE to detect abnormalities identified by AGE.Methods:Serum samples from 204 dogs, including 104 healthy animals, and 62 cats, including 28 healthy animals, were analyzed using automated systems for CAE, AGE, and CZE. Descriptive statistics and Passing–Bablok and Bland–Altman tests were used to compare results. For each technique, reference intervals were calculated based on results from healthy animals. Concordance between CZE and AGE in detecting pathologic changes was assessed using Cohen'skcoefficient.Results:For most protein fractions, values obtained by CAE, AGE, and CZE were significantly different from each other, and constant and proportional errors were often detected. Nevertheless, reference intervals obtained by the 3 techniques overlapped. Moreover, Cohen'skcoefficient demonstrated that the capacity of CZE and AGE to detect pathologic changes was comparable.Conclusions:CZE performs comparably to AGE and CAE as long as CZE‐specific reference intervals are used for interpretation and distinctive visual patterns for albumin, gaps between fractions, and subpeaks found on CZE tracings are recognized. In addition, CZE offers several technical advantages, such as ease of use and complete automation.