bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Transmission Electron Microscopic Method to Quantify Protein Clustering on the Cell Surface
Authors: Kormos József , Daróczi Lajos , Szöllősi János , Mátyus László , Jenei Attila 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe cell surface distribution patterns (clustering) of membrane proteins have been widely investigated in cell biology. Here we describe a novel transmission electron microscopic (TEM) protocol designed to improve the quality of information obtained about the protein distribution patterns detected. This novel method makes it possible to study the clustering of all transmembrane proteins on one half of the cytoplasmic membrane of a whole cell. To achieve better imaging, we combine various methods, including critical‐point drying, fixation of gold beads with a carbon layer, and a newly developed chemical thinning method. In addition, in our image‐processing algorithm, we implemented pair correlation and pair cross‐correlation functions, providing more details and better quantitative accuracy in characterizing the size and numbers of possible protein clusters. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Sample preparation and transmission electron micrographyAlternate Protocol: Direct cell labeling for transmission electron micrographyBasic Protocol 2: Analysis of TEM images to detect immunogold‐labeled proteins
Selective Covalent Basal Plane Modification as a Probe of Hydroxide Ion Conduction Pathways in Magnesium Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Dillenburger Jarrett D. , Schulte Leanna , Suleiman Mohammed , Sheehan Colton J. , Mallouk Thomas E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding ionic conduction in layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is a crucial step towards utilizing them as solid, hydroxide ion‐conducting electrolytes in energy conversion applications. We selectively modified the interlayer and external surfaces of MgAl LDHs with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) ligands. By adjusting the concentration of the TRIS surface modifier, the LDH basal plane surfaces could be functionalized everywhere (internally and externally) or only externally. External modification resulted in loss of OH‐conductivity compared to pristine LDHs, confirming that external platelet surfaces are the primary ion conduction pathway.
Experimental study on the damage characteristics of cyclic disturbance and acoustic emission characteristics of different types of sandstones under high stress in deep mines
Authors: Jiang Yujing , Liang Bin , Wang Dong , Dong Ling , Luan Hengjie , Wang Changsheng , Liu Jiankang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThree sandstone specimens common in rock engineering were selected to study the differences in the mechanical properties of rocks with different lithologies. The development and expansion of the internal cracks in the specimens were observed by combining the simulation system with the acoustic emission system. Through the combination of dynamic and static stresses, the deformation and damage of rocks under deep rock excavation and blasting were simulated. As the results show, the acoustic emission events of specimens with different lithologies under combined static and dynamic cyclic loading can be roughly divided into three phases: weakening, stabilizing, and surging periods. In addition, the acoustic emission characteristics of specimens with different lithologies show general consistency in different compression phases. The degree of fragmentation of specimens increases with the applied stress level; therefore, the stress level is one of the important factors influencing the damage pattern of specimens. The acoustic emission system was used to simulate the deformation and damage of rocks subjected to deep rock body excavation and engineering blasting. Cyclic dynamic perturbations under sinusoidal waves with a frequency of 5 Hz, a loading rate of 0.1 mm/min, a cyclic amplitude of 5 MPa, and a loading rate of 0.1 mm/min were applied to the three rock samples during the experiments. Among them, the fine‐grained sandstones are the most sensitive to the sinusoidal cyclic perturbation, followed by the muddy siltstone and the medium‐grained sandstones. On this basis, the acoustic emission energy release characteristics were analyzed, and the waveform characteristics in the damage evolution of the specimen under dynamic perturbation were studied by extracting the key points and searching for the main frequency eigenvalues.
Tirzepatide Reduces Fat Mass and Provides Good Glycaemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis: A Single‐Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Mima Akira , Horii Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTirzepatide is an injectable peptide approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Its weight‐loss effect primarily targets fat reduction; however, such effect on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing haemodialysis (HD) has not been reported.MethodsNine patients with CKD undergoing HD received weekly tirzepatide doses (2.5–7.5 mg) once a week. Evaluations encompassed tirzepatide's impact on dry weight (DW) and body composition assessed at baseline and study conclusion using bioelectrical impedance analysis. This longitudinal study included nine patients, with a median age of 53 years and median HD duration of 4 years.ResultsTirzepatide treatment significantly decreased glycated albumin compared with the value at baseline (22.7 ± 5.4 vs. 18.3 ± 2.5%, p = 0.028, respectively). Significant reductions were observed in DW (−1.0 kg, p = 0.024) and body mass index (−0.6 kg/m2, p = 0.050) following tirzepatide administration. Total fat mass was also reduced, but not significantly (− 2.51% from baseline, p = 0.214). In contrast, skeletal muscle mass was not decreased (−1.02% from baseline, p = 0.722). No serious side effects other than nausea were observed during the study period.ConclusionTirzepatide effectively provides good glycaemic control in T2DM patients undergoing HD, decreasing DW by reducing body fat mass without increasing frailty risk.
Assessment of the genotoxicity of tert‐butyl alcohol in an in vivo thyroid comet assay
Authors: Thompson Chad M. , Dewhurst Nicole , Moundous Dmitri , Borghoff Susan J. , Haws Laurie C. , Vasquez Marie Z. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic exposure to high (20,000 ppm) concentrations of tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) in drinking water, equivalent to ~2100 mg/kg bodyweight per day, is associated with slight increases in the incidence of thyroid follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas in mice, with no other indications of carcinogenicity. In a recent toxicological review of TBA, the U.S. EPA determined that the genotoxic potential of TBA was inconclusive, largely based on non‐standard studies such as in vitro comet assays. As such, the potential role of genotoxicity in the mode of action of thyroid tumors and therefore human relevance was considered uncertain. To address the potential role of genotoxicity in TBA‐associated thyroid tumor formation, CD‐1 mice were exposed up to a maximum tolerated dose of 1500 mg/kg‐day via oral gavage for two consecutive days and DNA damage was assessed with the comet assay in the thyroid. Blood TBA levels were analyzed by headspace GC–MS to confirm systemic tissue exposure. At study termination, no significant increases (DNA breakage) or decreases (DNA crosslinks) in %DNA tail were observed in TBA exposed mice. In contrast, oral gavage of the positive control ethyl methanesulfonate significantly increased %DNA tail in the thyroid. These findings are consistent with most genotoxicity studies on TBA and provide mechanistic support for non‐linear, threshold toxicity criteria for TBA. While the mode of action for the thyroid tumors remains unclear, linear low dose extrapolation methods for TBA appear more a matter of policy than science.
Unraveling the Genetic Basis of Combined Deafness and Male Infertility Phenotypes through High‐Throughput Sequencing in a Unique Cohort from South India
Authors: Justin Margret Jeffrey , Jayasankaran Chandru , Amritkumar Pavithra , Azaiez Hela , Srisailapathy C. R. Srikumari 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe co‐occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss and male infertility has been reported in several instances, suggesting potential shared genetic underpinnings. One such example is the contiguous gene deletion of CATSPER2 and STRC genes, previously associated with deafness‐infertility syndrome (DIS) in males. Fifteen males with both hearing loss and infertility from southern India after exclusion for the DIS contiguous gene deletion and the FOXI1 gene mutations are subjected to exome sequencing. This resolves the genetic etiology in four probands for both the phenotypes; In the remaining 11 probands, two each conclusively accounted for deafness and male infertility etiologies. Genetic heterogeneity is well reflected in both phenotypes. Four recessive (TRIOBP, SLC26A4, GJB2, COL4A3) and one dominant (SOX10) for the deafness; six recessive genes (LRGUK, DNAH9, ARMC4, DNAH2, RSPH6A, and ACE) for male infertility can be conclusively ascribed. LRGUK and RSPH6A genes are implicated earlier only in mice models, while the ARMC4 gene is implicated in chronic destructive airway diseases due to primary ciliary dyskinesia. This study would be the first to document the role of these genes in the male infertility phenotype in humans. The result suggests that deafness and infertility are independent events and do not segregate together among the probands.
Intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among prison inmates in Southern Ghana: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abaka‐Yawson Albert , Squire Daniel S. , Tawiah Benedict Osei , Arko‐Mensah John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe environment within prisons, such as overcrowding, lack of access to portable water, poor sanitation, and hygiene predisposes inmates to infections, including intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs). This study therefore determined the prevalence and associated factors of IPIs among prison inmates in Southern Ghana.MethodsA cross‐sectional study using the stratified sampling technique was employed. The study recruited 461 prison inmates across three notable prisons, with 50 inmates from Ho Central, 357 inmates from Nsawam Medium Security, and 54 inmates from Sekondi Central Prisons all in Southern Ghana. A structured closed‐ended questionnaire was administered to collect data on sociodemographics, lifestyle/behavioral characteristics, and signs and symptoms of IPIs. In addition, stool samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of various stages of intestinal parasites (trophozoites, cysts, ova, and larva) using formol‐ether concentration, and the modified Ziehl–Neelsen techniques.ResultsThe prevalence of IPIs among inmates of the three selected prisons was 38.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.72%–42.79%). The prevalence of IPIs among inmates of the three prisons, the Ho Central, Nsawam Medium Security, and Sekondi Central were 46% (95% CI: 31.82%–60.68%), 37.5% (95% CI: 32.49%–42.79%), and 35.2% (95% CI: 22.68%–49.38%), respectively. After adjusting for confounders, the following factors; handwashing after defecation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.05 [0.00–0.67];p = 0.024), trimmed fingernails (AOR: 0.32 [0.13–0.76];p = 0.011), itchy skin (AOR [95% CI]: 5.99 [3.43–10.43];p < 0.001), anal itching (AOR [95% CI]: 0.35 [0.19–0.62];p < 0.001), nausea (AOR [95% CI]: 5.57 [3.22–9.65];p < 0.001), and worm expulsion (AOR [95% CI]: 3.80 [1.42–10.18];p = 0.008) were found to be associated with intestinal parasitic infections.ConclusionThe study revealed that the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among prisons in Southern Ghana is high and is therefore an important public health concern. The Public Health Department of Ghana Health Service should therefore embark on health promotion and deworming exercise in all prisons in Ghana.
Autophagy in glioblastoma: A mechanistic perspective
Authors: Meena Durgesh , Jha Sushmita 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal malignancies in humans. Even after surgical resection and aggressive radio‐ or chemotherapies, patients with GBM can survive for less than 14 months. Extreme inter‐tumor and intra‐tumor heterogeneity of GBM poses a challenge for resolving recalcitrant GBM pathophysiology. GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits diverse heterogeneity in cellular composition and processes contributing to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Autophagy is such a cellular process; that demonstrates a cell‐specific and TME context‐dependent role in GBM progression, leading to either the promotion or suppression of GBM progression. Autophagy can regulate GBM cell function directly via regulation of survival, migration, and invasion, or indirectly by affecting GBM TME composition such as immune cell population, tumor metabolism, and glioma stem cells. This review comprehensively investigates the role of autophagy in GBM pathophysiology.
New results on large sets of orthogonal arrays and orthogonal arrays
Authors: Chen Guangzhou , Niu Xiaodong , Shi Jiufeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrthogonal array and a large set of orthogonal arrays are important research objects in combinatorial design theory, and they are widely applied to statistics, computer science, coding theory, and cryptography. In this paper, some new series of large sets of orthogonal arrays are given by direct construction, juxtaposition construction, Hadamard construction, finite field construction, and difference matrix construction. Subsequently, many new infinite classes of orthogonal arrays are obtained by using these large sets of orthogonal arrays and Kronecker product.
Raman spectroscopy, phase transitions, microstructures, and mechano‐luminescence in Ca‐Sr feldspars (CaAl2Si2O8‐SrAl2Si2O8)
Authors: Curetti Nadia , Bernasconi Davide , Tribaudino Mario 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Raman spectra of Ca1‐xSrxAl2Si2O8 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) feldspars have been measured, to investigate at a short‐range scale the effect of changing composition on the P
➔ I
and I
➔ I2/c phase transitions and how phase transitions affect the mechano‐luminescence found in these feldspars. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were done on the same samples, to pinpoint the transitions, by the analysis of selected area diffraction patterns (SAED) and of the spontaneous strain. Natural anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) shows a large number of well‐resolved peaks, together with sharp h + k even, l odd diffractions (c‐type) in SAED patterns, indicative of a P
symmetry. In synthetic anorthite, the Raman spectrum is similar to that of natural anorthite, but the peaks are broader, and c‐type reflections are elongated. As Sr increases, the c‐type reflections become more diffuse and elongated, as the Raman peaks do. At x > 0.6, new peaks appear in Raman spectra, and other peaks show a change in their wavenumber. Moreover, the c‐type reflections disappear completely, and the lattice becomes I‐centred. Between x ~ 0.6 and x = 0.86(3), the XRD patterns prompt for a triclinic structure, with S.G. I
. The transition to the monoclinic I2/c structure is well constrained by the ferroelastic strain, whereas the Raman spectra are more similar between the monoclinic and triclinic I
and I2/c than between I
and P
. The absence of mechano‐luminescence in triclinic I
compositions suggests that this property is enhanced in local P
configurations at conditions close to the P
to I
transition. A possible mechanism for mechano‐luminescence involving a compression induced P
to I
transition in local Eu2+ bearing P
configurations is proposed.
The impact of new digital infrastructure construction on substantive green innovation
Authors: Han Dongri , Zhu Yue , Diao Yanxia , Liu Min , Shi Ziyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe new digital infrastructure is the cornerstone of the digital transformation of the regional innovation ecosystem and the key engine driving green, low‐carbon, and intelligent development in the era of the digital economy. The findings demonstrate that substantive green innovation is significantly positively impacted by the new digital infrastructure, and its effect shows a “Central > Eastern > Western.” New digital infrastructure construction can indirectly enhance substantive green innovation by improving the level of digital finance, entrepreneurial activity, and informatization index. Based on the characteristics of regional heterogeneity, new digital infrastructure construction has different threshold effects on substantive green innovation.
Efficient global sensitivity analysis method for dynamic models in high dimensions
Authors: Li Luyi , Papaioannou Iason , Straub Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDynamic models generating time‐dependent model predictions are typically associated with high‐dimensional input spaces and high‐dimensional output spaces, in particular if time is discretized. It is computationally prohibitive to apply traditional global sensitivity analysis (SA) separately on each time output, as is common in the literature on multivariate SA. As an alternative, we propose a novel method for efficient global SA of dynamic models with high‐dimensional inputs by combining a new polynomial chaos expansion (PCE)‐driven partial least squares (PLS) algorithm with the analysis of variance. PLS is used to simultaneously reduce the dimensionality of the input and output variables spaces, by identifying the input and output latent variables that account for most of their joint variability. PCE is incorporated into the PLS algorithm to capture the non‐linear behavior of the physical system. We derive the sensitivity indices associated with each output latent variable, based on which we propose generalized sensitivity indices that synthesize the influence of each input on the variance of entire output time series. All sensitivities can be computed analytically by post‐processing the coefficients of the PLS‐PCE representation. Hence, the computational cost of global SA for dynamic models essentially reduces to the cost for estimating these coefficients. We numerically compare the proposed method with existing methods by several dynamic models with high‐dimensional inputs. The results show that the PLS‐PCE method can obtain accurate sensitivity indices at low computational cost, even for models with strong interaction among the inputs.
Gender Bias in Artificial Intelligence‐Written Letters of Reference
Authors: Farlow Janice L. , Abouyared Marianne , Rettig Eleni M. , Kejner Alexandra , Patel Rusha , Edwards Heather A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveLetters of reference (LORs) play an important role in postgraduate residency applications. Human‐written LORs have been shown to carry implicit gender bias, such as using more agentic versus communal words for men, and more frequent doubt‐raisers and references to appearance and personal life for women. This can result in inequitable access to residency opportunities for women. Given the known gendered language often unconsciously inserted into human‐written LORs, we sought to identify whether LORs generated by artificial intelligence exhibit gender bias.Study DesignObservational study.SettingMulticenter academic collaboration.MethodsPrompts describing identical men and women applying for Otolaryngology residency positions were created and provided to ChatGPT to generate LORs. These letters were analyzed using a gender‐bias calculator which assesses the proportion of male‐ versus female‐associated words.ResultsRegardless of the gender, school, research, or other activities, all LORs generated by ChatGPT showed a bias toward male‐associated words. There was no significant difference between the percentage of male‐biased words in letters written for women versus men (39.15 vs 37.85, P = .77). There were significant differences in gender bias found by each of the other discrete variables (school, research, and other activities) chosen.ConclusionWhile ChatGPT‐generated LORs all showed a male bias in the language used, there was no gender bias difference in letters produced using traditionally masculine versus feminine names and pronouns. Other variables did induce gendered language, however. ChatGPT is a promising tool for LOR drafting, but users must be aware of potential biases introduced or propagated through these technologies.
A comparative mixed‐methods study of in‐service teachers' ethical judgment about student assessment practices
Authors: Liu Jin , Bon Susan , Fan Xumei , Hardie Suzy , Ding Ruyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFew studies have been conducted to investigate the ethical perspectives of in‐service teachers on assessment issues cross‐culturally. The purpose of the study was to investigate the ethical judgment by in‐service teachers in the United States and China on twenty scenarios of student assessment practices. In the spring of 2020, 130 American teachers and 161 Chinese teachers completed a survey questionnaire on these assessment scenarios. The quantitative and qualitative results indicated that respondents had different ethical decisions in 9 out of 20 scenarios. Further analysis indicated that there was a high degree of similarities in ethical reasoning, and 10 scenarios with mixed reasoning indicated that certain sub‐themes were different. This study reveals that cultural differences are likely reflected in their ethical judgment when presented with certain assessment scenarios. The awareness of such differences should be raised by considering assessment, teaching, and learning together.
Nonreciprocal Unconventional Photon Blockade with Kerr Magnons
Authors: Fan Xiao‐Hong , Zhang Yi‐Ning , Yu Jun‐Po , Liu Ming‐Yue , He Wen‐Di , Li Hai‐Chao , Xiong Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNonreciprocal devices, allowing to manipulate one‐way signals, are crucial to quantum information processing and quantum networks. Here a nonlinear cavity‐magnon system is proposed, consisting of a microwave cavity coupled to one or two yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) spheres supporting magnons with Kerr nonlinearity, to investigate nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockade. The nonreciprocity originates from the direction‐dependent Kerr effect, distinctly different from previous proposals with spinning cavities and dissipative couplings. For a single sphere case, nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockade can be realized by manipulating the nonreciprocal destructive interference between two active paths, via varying the Kerr coefficient from positive to negative, or vice versa. By optimizing the system parameters, the perfect and well‐tuned nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockade can be predicted. For the case of two spheres with opposite Kerr effects, only reciprocal unconventional photon blockade can be observed when two cavity‐magnon coupling strengths Kerr strengths are symmetric. However, when coupling strengths or Kerr strengths become asymmetric, nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockade appears. This implies that two‐sphere nonlinear cavity‐magnon systems can be used to switch the transition between reciprocal and nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockades. This study offers a potential platform for investigating the nonreciprocal photon blockade effect in nonlinear cavity magnonics.