bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The PRIAMO study: A multicenter assessment of nonmotor symptoms and their impact on quality of life in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Barone Paolo , Antonini Angelo , Colosimo Carlo , Marconi Roberto , Morgante Letterio , Avarello Tania P. , Bottacchi Eugenio , Cannas Antonino , Ceravolo Gabriella , Ceravolo Roberto , Cicarelli Giulio , Gaglio Roberto M. , Giglia Rosa M. , Iemolo Francesco , Manfredi Michela , Meco Giuseppe , Nicoletti Alessandra , Pederzoli Massimo , Petrone Alfredo , Pisani Antonio , Pontieri Francesco E. , Quatrale Rocco , Ramat Silvia , Scala Rosanna , Volpe Giuseppe , Zappulla Salvatore , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Stocchi Fabrizio , Trianni Giorgio , Dotto Paolo Del 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe performed a multicenter survey using a semistructured interview in 1,072 consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) enrolled during 12 months in 55 Italian centers to assess the prevalence of nonmotor symptoms (NMSs), their association with cognitive impairment, and the impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). We found that 98.6% of patients with PD reported the presence of NMSs. The most common were as follows: fatigue (58%), anxiety (56%), leg pain (38%), insomnia (37%), urgency and nocturia (35%), drooling of saliva and difficulties in maintaining concentration (31%). The mean number of NMS per patient was 7.8 (range, 0–32). NMS in the psychiatric domain were the most frequent (67%). Frequency of NMS increased along with the disease duration and severity. Patients with cognitive impairment reported more frequently apathy, attention/memory deficit, and psychiatric symptoms. Apathy was the symptom associated with worse PDQ‐39 score but also presence of fatigue, attention/memory, and psychiatric symptoms had a negative impact on QoL. These findings further support a key role for NMS in the clinical frame of PD and the need to address them specifically in clinical trials using dedicated scales. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Using global statistical tests in long‐term Parkinson's disease clinical trials
Authors: Huang Peng , Goetz Christopher G. , Woolson Robert F. , Tilley Barbara , Kerr Douglas , Palesch Yuko , Elm Jordan , Ravina Bernard , Bergmann Kenneth J. , Kieburtz Karl 
Published: June 2009

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) impairments are multidimensional, making it difficult to choose a single primary outcome when evaluating treatments to stop or lessen the long‐term decline in PD. We review commonly used multivariate statistical methods for assessing a treatment's global impact, and we highlight the novel Global Statistical Test (GST) methodology. We compare the GST to other multivariate approaches using data from two PD trials. In one trial where the treatment showed consistent improvement on all primary and secondary outcomes, the GST was more powerful than other methods in demonstrating significant improvement. In the trial where treatment induced both improvement and deterioration in key outcomes, the GST failed to demonstrate statistical evidence even though other techniques showed significant improvement. Based on the statistical properties of the GST and its relevance to overall treatment benefit, the GST appears particularly well suited for a disease like PD where disability and impairment reflect dysfunction of diverse brain systems and where both disease and treatment side effects impact quality of life. In future long term trials, use of GST for primary statistical analysis would allow the assessment of clinically relevant outcomes rather than the artificial selection of a single primary outcome. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Motor performance in patients with restless legs syndrome
Authors: Jiménez‐Jiménez Félix Javier , Rubio Lluisa , Calleja Marisol , Alonso‐Navarro Hortensia , Turpín‐Fenoll Laura , Plaza‐Nieto José Francisco , Pilo‐de‐la‐Fuente Belén , García‐Ruiz Pedro J. , Agúndez José A.G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDopaminergic dysfunction could play a role in restless legs syndrome, and patients with central dopaminergic dysfunction exhibit difficulties in performing alternating movements or in the movement initiation. Therefore, we analyzed basic motor function performance in patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome and in healthy matched controls. We studied 50 patients diagnosed with restless legs syndrome and 100 age and sex matched controls. Evaluation included four timed tests (pronation–supination, finger tapping and movement between two points with both hands, and walking test); and three tests performed on a personal computer (speed for pressing repetitively a key frequency, simple reaction time, and movement time with both hands). In a univariate study, restless legs patients showed lower mean values for right pronation–supination, minimum value for right frequency and movement time, and standard deviation, maximum and rank values of movement time with the left arm; and higher mean values for left finger tapping, right and left movement between two points, and standard deviation and rank for right and left frequency. With a multivariate study, restless legs patients showed significantly lower mean values for right pronation–supination, minimum right movement time, and rank of left movement time; and higher mean values for left finger tapping and movement between two points, and rank of right frequency. Motor performance of patients with restless legs syndrome is similar to that of healthy matched controls with the exception of impaired left finger tapping and movement between two points, and better performance of right pronation–supination movements. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Single‐warehouse multi‐retailer inventory systems with full truckload shipments
Authors: Jin Yue , Muriel Ana 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe consider a multi‐stage inventory system composed of a single warehouse that receives a single product from a single supplier and replenishes the inventory of n retailers through direct shipments. Fixed costs are incurred for each truck dispatched and all trucks have the same capacity limit. Costs are stationary, or more generally monotone as in Lippman (Management Sci 16, 1969, 118–138). Demands for the n retailers over a planning horizon of T periods are given. The objective is to find the shipment quantities over the planning horizon to satisfy all demands at minimum system‐wide inventory and transportation costs without backlogging. Using the structural properties of optimal solutions, we develop (1) an O(T2) algorithm for the single‐stage dynamic lot sizing problem; (2) an O(T3) algorithm for the case of a single‐warehouse single‐retailer system; and (3) a nested shortest‐path algorithm for the single‐warehouse multi‐retailer problem that runs in polynomial time for a given number of retailers. To overcome the computational burden when the number of retailers is large, we propose aggregated and disaggregated Lagrangian decomposition methods that make use of the structural properties and the efficient single‐stage algorithm. Computational experiments show the effectiveness of these algorithms and the gains associated with coordinated versus decentralized systems. Finally, we show that the decentralized solution is asymptotically optimal. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
Consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F system with exchangeable components
Authors: Eryilmaz Serkan , Kan Cihangir , Akici Fatih 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAs a generalization of k‐out‐of‐n:F and consecutive k‐out‐of‐n:F systems, the consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F system consists of n linearly ordered components such that the system fails iff there are m consecutive components which include among them at least k failed components. In this article, the reliability properties of consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F systems with exchangeable components are studied. The bounds and approximations for the survival function are provided. A Monte Carlo estimator of system signature is obtained and used to approximate survival function. The results are illustrated and numerics are provided for an exchangeable multivariate Pareto distribution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
Inside national service: AmeriCorps' impact on participants
Authors: Frumkin Peter , Jastrzab JoAnn , Vaaler Margaret , Greeney Adam , Grimm Robert T. , Cramer Kevin , Dietz Nathan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study examines the short‐ and long‐term impact of AmeriCorps participation on members' civic engagement, education, employment, and life skills. The analysis compares changes in the attitudes and behaviors of participants over time to those of individuals not enrolled in AmeriCorps, controlling for interest in national and community service, member and family demographics, and prior civic engagement. Results indicate that participation in AmeriCorps led to positive impacts on members, especially in the area of civic engagement, members' connection to community, knowledge about problems facing their community, and participation in community‐based activities. AmeriCorps had some positive impacts on its members' employment‐related outcomes. Few statistically significant impacts were found for measures of participants' attitude toward education or educational attainment, or for selected life skills measures. Within a subset of community service programs that incorporate a residential component for members, the study also uncovered a short‐term negative impact of participation on members' appreciation for ethnic and cultural diversity, which disappeared over time. The implications of these findings for future research on national service are discussed. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
The nonprofit advantage: Producing quality in thick and thin child care markets
Authors: Cleveland Gordon , Krashinsky Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNonprofit child care centers are frequently observed to produce child care which is, on average, of higher quality than care provided in commercial child care centers. In part, this nonprofit advantage is due to different input choices made by nonprofit centers—lower child‐staff ratios, better‐educated staff and directors, higher rates of professional development for staff. Nonprofit centers may have an additional productivity advantage, due to unmeasured staff motivation and abilities or to better management of the production of good‐quality child care. However, where nonprofit and for‐profit child care firms compete in the same local markets, we speculate that this extra advantage should only appear where demand is sufficiently “thick” to permit a quality differentiation strategy to be financially viable for nonprofits. We estimate the effect of nonprofit status on quality, controlling for differences in financial resources available to the center, differences in the clientele served, and differences in staff and center inputs. In this conventional examination, nonprofit status has a moderately positive impact on quality. However, when we account for the unobserved heterogeneity and separate markets into “thick” and “thin,” a particularly strong nonprofit advantage is found in thick markets, but no productivity advantage for nonprofits is found in thin markets. This finding suggests a clear role for nonprofit organizations in improving the cost‐quality trade‐off faced by parents, but also identifies the market conditions that affect the ability of nonprofit managers to employ this advantage. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Normal ovarian function and assessment of ovarian reserve in the survivor of childhood cancer
Authors: Johnston Robert J. , Wallace W. Hamish B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIncreasingly young people survive cancer in childhood and as a result complications of its treatment are becoming more common and important. Premature ovarian failure is recognized as a complication of radiotherapy to a field that includes the pelvis and alkylating‐agent‐based chemotherapy. Young pre‐pubertal girls are not protected from the effects of gonadal toxic therapy. A young woman, successfully treated for cancer during childhood, may experience regular periods in the presence of a significantly reduced ovarian reserve. There is, however, no reliable measure of ovarian reserve available for the individual woman. Assessment of ovarian function relies on the use of surrogate markers such as follicle stimulating hormone, inhibin‐B, and anti‐mullerian hormone as well as ultrasound assessment of ovarian volume and antral follicle count. We discuss the physiology of normal ovarian function, the effects of cancer treatments on ovarian function and the techniques for evaluation of ovarian reserve in survivors of childhood cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:296–302. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Historically Black Colleges and University students' and faculties' views of school psychology: Implications for increasing diversity in higher education
Authors: Graves Scott L. , Wright Lynda Brown 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study investigates Historically Black Colleges and University (HBCU) students' and faculties' knowledge related to school psychology. A total of 165 students and 14 faculty members completed inventories that assessed the understanding and views of various psychological disciplines. Results indicated that HBCU students rated their perceived knowledge of school psychology significantly lower than all psychological disciplines. In addition, these students have significantly fewer sources of information for school psychology than comparable disciplines. Although more than 90% of students stated that they would attend graduate school, the majority was only somewhat interested in school psychology as a career choice. Furthermore, HBCU psychology faculty members stated that the American Psychological Association and the National Association of School Psychologists do not actively recruit or provide information to their students. Results are discussed in terms of increasing the number of African American school psychologists. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Target domain definition and classification in CASP8
Authors: Tress Michael L. , Ezkurdia Iakes , Richardson Jane S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn order to be successful CASP experiments require experimentally determined protein structures. These structures form the basis of the experiment. Structural genomics groups have provided the vast majority of these structures in recent editions of CASP. Before the structure prediction assessment can begin these target structures must be divided into structural domains for assessment purposes and each assessment unit must be assigned to one or more tertiary structure prediction categories. In CASP8 target domain boundaries were based on visual inspection of targets and their experimental data, and on superpositions of the target structures with related template structures. As in CASP7 target domains were broadly classified into two different categories: “template‐based modeling” and “free modeling.” Assessment categories were determined by structural similarity between the target domain and the nearest structural templates in the PDB and by whether or not related structural templates were used to build the models. The vast majority of the 164 assessment units in CASP8 were classified as template‐based modeling. Just 10 target domains were defined as free modeling. In addition three targets were assessed in both the free modeling and template based categories and a subset of 50 template‐based models was evaluated as part of the “high accuracy” subset. The targets submitted for CASP8 confirmed a trend that has been apparent since CASP5: targets submitted to the CASP experiments are becoming easier to predict. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis, allergen avoidance and treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Farooque Sophie 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAllergic rhinitis is common and increasing in prevalence, but it is often undertreated and its effect on quality of life often underestimated. Our Drug review discusses the available treatments as well as diagnosis and allergen avoidance strategies, followed by a review of the prescription data and sources of further information. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Group II element nitrides M3N2under pressure: a comparative density functional study
Authors: Römer S. Rebecca , Dörfler Thilo , Kroll Peter , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe high‐pressure behavior of group II element nitrides M3N2(M=Be, Mg, Sr, and Ba) was studied up to 100 GPa and beyond. Evaluating a manifold of hypothetical polymorphs of composition A3X2leads to proposing a new high‐pressure polymorph of Be3N2with an anti‐A‐sesquioxide structure appearing at 82 GPa. Two high‐pressure phases were found for Mg3N2: first an anti‐B‐sesquioxide‐type structure should appear at 21 GPa followed by an anti‐A‐sesquioxide‐type structure at 65 GPa. While structure and true nature of Sr3N2and Ba3N2are not yet experimentally determined, we identified an anti‐bixbyite structure to be the ground state structure of Sr3N2and a distortion variant of the anti‐A‐sesquioxide‐type structure as lowest energy modification for Ba3N2. For Sr3N2the sequence of high‐pressure phases are (1) an anti‐Rh2O3‐II structure appearing at 3 GPa, (2) an anti‐B‐sesquioxide structure becoming most stable at 12 GPa and (3) a hexagonalP63/mmcstructure favored at 26 GPa. The development of thec/a‐ratio of anti‐A‐sesquioxide Ba3N2under pressure was examined, revealing a gradual reduction under pressure. Three high‐pressure polymorphs are then further proposed for Ba3N2: (1) an anti‐Rh2O3‐II structure at 2 GPa, (2) an anti‐CaIrO3structure at 32 GPa and (3) a hexagonalP63/mmcstructure at 52 GPa. The results for all group II element nitrides M3N2were compared. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simplistic approach for 2D grown‐in microdefect modeling
Authors: Prostomolotov Anatoly , Verezub Nataliya 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the present paper the analysis of cooling conditions influence on microdefect formation in Si single crystal was carried out on the basis of an analytical formulation for crystal temperature field jointly with developed two‐dimensional (2D) models of microdefect formation. The new mathematical model is applied for calculations of vacancy microdefect formation, in which the 2D vacancy migration process is taken into account and the approached calculation algorithm is offered, which is not requiring the data storage for whole defect growth pre‐history. The calculated results are discussed for conditions of Cz silicon single crystal growing. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultra‐thin nanocrystalline diamond films (<100 nm) with high electrical resistivity
Authors: Lions Mathieu , Saada Samuel , Mazellier Jean‐Paul , Andrieu François , Faynot Olivier , Bergonzo Philippe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThick diamond films are known to exhibit remarkably high electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity. However, on thin films, difficulties are often observed to achieve such performances. In this study, the synthesis of ultra‐thin diamond films was optimized towards the possibility to maintain high dielectric performances on layers compatible with today requirements for Silicon‐On‐Diamond technology, and namely aiming at films with thicknesses equal or below 150 nm. The nucleation of diamond nanocrystals is crucial to obtain films with thickness lower than 100 nm. A Bias Enhanced Nucleation step (BEN) was improved to achieve nucleation densities above 1011 cm–2 although the process was also tuned to limit the size of the nanocrystals during this step. The control of the carbonization of the silicon substrate is also essential to reach such a density with a high reproducibility. The BEN is followed by a growth step with optimized conditions. The films were characterized by SEM and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry. Electrical conductivity measurements were conducted on thin diamond films and values obtained on layers below 100 nm were as high as 5 × 1013 Ω cm; a value significantly higher than the state of the art for such thin films. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Use of chlorinated carbon and silicon precursors for epitaxial growth of 4H‐SiC at very high growth rates
Authors: Kotamraju Siva , Krishnan Bharat , Koshka Yaroslav 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA possibility to apply the advantages of chlorinated carbon precursors, which had been previously used in low‐temperature epitaxial growth of 4H‐SiC, to achieve very high growth rates at higher growth temperatures was investigated. Silicon tetrachloride was used as the silicon precursor to suppress gas‐phase homogeneous nucleation. The temperature increase from 1300 °C (which is the temperature of the previously reported low‐temperature halo‐carbon epitaxial growth) to 1600 °C enabled an increase of the precursor flow rates and consequently of the growth rate from 5 to more than 100 μm/h without morphology degradation. High quality of the epilayers was confirmed by low‐temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy and time‐resolved luminescence. No evidences of homogeneous nucleation were detected, however, liquid Si droplet formation on the epilayer surface seems to remain a bottleneck at very high growth rate. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rectifying properties and photoresponse of CVD diamond p(i)n‐junctions
Authors: Haenen Ken , Lazea Andrada , Nesládek Miloš , Koizumi Satoshi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe current–voltage characteristics and photoresponse of mesa structured {111}‐oriented homoepitaxial CVD diamond p(i)n‐junctions with different intrinsic layer thickness are investigated. When a sufficiently thick intrinsic layer is present, a rectification ratio of 108 at ±10 V could be obtained. Good rectifying diodes show a high photoresponse ratio between 210 nm (above bandgap) and 500 nm (below bandgap), making them suitable for UV detection purposes. The results are compared with similar measurements carried out on polycrystalline CVD diamond pn‐junctions.magnified image18 diamond pin mesa structures (250 μm in diameter) based on a boron‐doped/intrinsic/P‐doped CVD layer stack deposited on a 2 × 2 × 0.5 mm3 {111} Ib HPHT diamond substrate.(© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Carton erection using reconfigurable folder mechanisms
Authors: Dai Jian S. , Medland Anthony J. , Mullineux Glen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractConsideration of the motions involved in erecting a range of carton types shows that the individual motions are essentially simple. It is the combination of them that gives the complexity that is often required. This suggests that it is possible to design mechanisms to generate the individual motions and then combine these, thus creating an approach that allows reconfiguration for different carton sizes and styles. The design of a novel reconfigurable folder mechanism is discussed and it is shown how several folders can be combined to erect carton trays of varying sizes in times comparable with those for corresponding dedicated machines. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.