bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Microwear on Experimental Mistassini Quartzite Scrapers: Preliminary Results of Exploratory Research Using LSCM and Scale‐Sensitive Fractal Analysis
Authors: Stemp W. James , Lerner Harry J. , Kristant Elaine H. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryAlthough previous use‐wear studies involving quartz and quartzite have been undertaken by archaeologists, these are comparatively few in number. Moreover, there has been relatively little effort to quantify use‐wear on stone tools made from quartzite. The purpose of this article is to determine the effectiveness of a measurement system, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), to document the surface roughness or texture of experimental Mistassini quartzite scrapers used on two different contact materials (fresh and dry deer hide). As in previous studies using LSCM on chert, flint, and obsidian, this exploratory study incorporates a mathematical algorithm that permits the discrimination of surface roughness based on comparisons at multiple scales. Specifically, we employ measures of relative area (RelA) coupled with the F‐test to discriminate used from unused stone tool surfaces, as well as surfaces of quartzite scrapers used on dry and fresh deer hide. Our results further demonstrate the effect of raw material variation on use‐wear formation and its documentation using LSCM and RelA. SCANNING 35:28‐39, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of Mass and Swelling of Hydrogel Microstructures using MEMS Resonant Mass Sensor Arrays
Authors: Millet Larry J. , Corbin Elise A. , Free Robert , Park Kidong , Kong Hyunjoon , King William P. , Bashir Rashid 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe use of hydrogels for biomedical engineering, and for the development of biologically inspired cellular systems at the microscale, is advancing at a rapid pace. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonant mass sensors enable the mass measurement of a range of materials. The integration of hydrogels onto MEMS resonant mass sensors is demonstrated, and these sensors are used to characterize the hydrogel mass and swelling characteristics. The mass values obtained from resonant frequency measurements of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) microstructures match well with the values independently verified through volume measurements. The sensors are also used to measure the influence of fluids of similar and greater density on the mass measurements of microstructures. The data show a size‐dependent increase in gel mass when fluid density is increased. Lastly, volume comparisons of bulk hydrogels with a range polymer concentration (5% to 100% (v/v)) show a non‐linear swelling trend.
Early pregnancy screening for hypertensive disorders in women without a‐priori high risk
Authors: Abdelaziz A. , Maher M. A. , Sayyed T. M. , Bazeed M. F. , Mohamed N. S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index and soluble endoglin level alone or in combination in screening for hypertensive disorders in pregnant women without a‐priori high risk.MethodsThis was a nested case–control study of women with singleton pregnancies without a‐priori high risk who developed pregnancy‐induced hypertensive complications. Women were enrolled into the study at 11–14 weeks' gestation, when mean arterial pressure and uterine artery pulsatility index were recorded and a blood sample was taken for measurement of soluble endoglin. Women were followed up in the clinic to detect development of any hypertensive disorder. Each affected case was matched with two normotensive control women with uncomplicated pregnancies that resulted in phenotypically normal infants. Mean values for each variable were compared between cases and controls. Sensitivities, positive predictive values and negative predictive values at fixed specificity were derived from receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves.ResultsDuring the study period, 2120 patients were examined. Of these, 170 (8.02%) were excluded because they were lost to follow‐up and in 52 (2.45%) there was fetal death or miscarriage before 24 weeks' gestation. Thus, 1898 cases formed the cohort population. Of these, 89 (4.69%) patients developed complications (study group), including 16 (0.84%) cases with early pre‐eclampsia (PE), 60 (3.16%) with late PE and 13 (0.68%) with gestational hypertension (GH). There were 49 (2.58%) cases of spontaneous preterm delivery before 34 weeks. The rest of the cohort population (1760 (92.73%) patients, the base cohort) were not affected by PE or GH. The control group comprised 178 patients.The best model for the prediction of any of the types of hypertensive disorders was one that combined mean arterial pressure with soluble endoglin (area under the ROC curve (AUC), 0.83). The predictive value of the three combined markers was highest for screening for early and late PE (AUC, 0.86 and 0.83, respectively). When each marker was considered alone, the highest prediction of any type of hypertensive disorder was achieved by mean arterial pressure (AUC, 0.73). Sensitivity was lowest for detection of GH when screening both by individual and by combined markers.ConclusionFirst‐trimester screening can be useful in predicting women at high risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy but more prospective longitudinal studies are needed. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Usefulness of lung‐to‐head ratio and intrapulmonary arterial Doppler in predicting neonatal morbidity in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated with fetoscopic tracheal occlusion
Authors: Cruz‐Martinez R. , Castañon M. , Moreno‐Alvarez O. , Acosta‐Rojas R. , Martinez J. M. , Gratacos E. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the potential value of intrapulmonary artery Doppler velocimetry in predicting neonatal morbidity in fetuses with left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) treated with fetoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO).MethodsObserved/expected lung‐to‐head ratio (O/E‐LHR), and intrapulmonary Doppler pulsatility index and peak early‐diastolic reversed flow were evaluated within 24 h before FETO in a consecutive cohort of 51 fetuses with left‐sided CDH at between 24 and 33 weeks' gestation. Lung Doppler parameters were converted into Z‐scores and defined as abnormal if the pulsatility index had a Z‐score of > 1.0 or the peak early‐diastolic reversed flow had a Z‐score of > 3.5. The association of O/E‐LHR and Doppler velocimetry with neonatal outcome was assessed using multiple linear or logistic regression analysis adjusted for gestational age at birth.ResultsAmong the 26 fetuses that survived, 18 (69.2%) had normal and eight (30.8%) had abnormal Doppler values. O/E‐LHR was not associated with neonatal morbidity in surviving fetuses. Compared with the group with normal Doppler parameters, cases with abnormal intrapulmonary Doppler were associated with a significant increase in the duration of mechanical ventilation (average increase of 21.2 (95% CI, 9.99–32.5) days; P < 0.01), conventional ventilation (15.2 (95% CI, 7.43–23.0) days; P < 0.01), high‐frequency ventilation (6.34 (95% CI, 0.69–11.99) days; P < 0.05), nitric oxide therapy (5.73 (95% CI, 0.60–10.9) days; P < 0.05), oxygen support (36.5 (95% CI, 16.3–56.7) days; P < 0.01), parenteral nutrition (19.1 (95% CI, 7.53–30.7) days; P < 0.01) and stay in neonatal intensive care unit (42.7 (95% CI, 22.9–62.6) days; P < 0.001), and with significantly higher rates of high‐frequency ventilation (87.5 vs 44.4%;P < 0.05), oxygen requirement at 28 days of age (75.0 vs 11.1%; P < 0.01), gastroesophageal reflux (62.5 vs 22.2%; P < 0.05) and tube feeding at discharge (37.5 vs 5.56%; P < 0.05).ConclusionAs previously reported, O/E‐LHR did not predict neonatal morbidity. In contrast, intrapulmonary artery Doppler evaluation was predictive of neonatal morbidity in CDH fetuses treated with FETO.Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ligandenaustauschreaktionen an Kupfer(II)‐Komplexen mit Harnstoffliganden: Synthesen, Strukturen, EPR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Gruschinski Sina , Rodenstein Axel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes ofN,N‐diethyl‐N'‐benzoylurea HL1,N,N‐diethyl‐N'‐(2, 6‐difluorbenzoyl)urea HL2,N,N‐diethyl‐N'‐benzoylthiourea HL3,N,N‐diethyl‐N'‐(3, 4, 5‐trimethoxybenzoyl)thiourea HL4andN,N‐diethyl‐N'‐benzimidoylthiourea H2L5and the crystal structures of HL2,[Cu(L2)2]and[Ni(HL5)2]are reported. All CuIIcomplexes were investigated by EPR spectroscopy in liquid and frozen solutions. The CuIIcomplex[Cu(HL5)2]was additionally studied as diamagnetically diluted powder system[Ni(HL5)2] / [Cu(HL5)2](99:1). The calculation of electron spin‐density distribution in the first coordination sphere of[Cu(HL5)2]is represented, based on well‐resolved63, 65Cu and14N hyperfine structure (hfs) couplings. Ligand exchange reactions of CuIIcomplexes of urea type ligands HL1–4and H2L5were studied by means of EPR spectroscopy in liquid solutions. Statistical and quantitative runs were derived from concentration‐dependenthfsline intensities.
Condensed Double‐Chain Cluster Complexes with Seven‐Coordinate Endohedral Iridium Atoms in {Ir2Gd5}Br5
Authors: Brühmann Matthias , Meyer Gerd 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAbstract. The new condensed double‐chain cluster complex compound {Ir2Gd5}Br5 was obtained from a reaction of GdBr3 with metallic gadolinium and iridium at elevated temperatures. The thin black needles crystallize with the orthorhombic crystal system, space group Pnma(no. 62); a = 1255.4(1) pm, b = 414.05(3) pm, c = 2633.8(3) pm,Z = 4, R1/wR2 = 0.0504/0.0346 for all data. Monocapped trigonal prisms of gadolinium atoms with endohedral iridium atoms are connected by common rectangular faces to chains and further by edges to double chains, which form a herringbone arrangement. The double chains are coordinated by bromido ligands and are connected in accord with the formulation {Ir2Gd5}Br4/2iBr2/3i(e)Br1/3i(f)Br2/2i–i(e/f)Br1/2i–aBr1/2a–i.
Zur Elektronenstruktur hochsymmetrischer Verbindungen der f‐Elemente. 45[1]Ungewöhnliche spektrochemische Eigenschaften des Triphenylphosphanoxido‐Liganden im Falle von Mono‐ und Bisaddukten homoleptischer Samarium(III)silylamide
Authors: Jank Stefan , Reddmann Hauke , Zhang Lixin , Amberger Hanns‐Dieter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe optical spectra of the mono tetrahydrofuran (1), mono triphenylphosphinoxide (2) and bis cyclohexylisocyanide (3) adducts of the tris(bis(trimethylsilyl)amido)samarium(III) (Sm(btmsa)3) moiety as well as those of the bis tetrahydrofuran (4) and partly those of the bis triphenylphosphinoxide (5) of the tris(bis(dimethylsilyl)amido)samarium(III) moiety have been recorded at room and low temperatures. From the spectra obtained, the underlying crystal field splitting patterns could be derived, and simulated by fitting the free parameters of a phenomenological Hamiltonian. The values of the crystal field parameters B$\rm^{2}_{0}$ of the OPPh3 adducts are much less negative than those of the remaining adducts or that of the base free compound.
Pancreas‐Sparing Total Duodenectomy for Ampullary Duodenal Neoplasms
Authors: Stauffer John A. , Adkisson Cameron D. , Riegert‐Johnson Douglas L. , Goldberg Ross F. , Bowers Steven P. , Asbun Horacio J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundAmpullary and extensive periampullary lesions can be difficult to treat and often require pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for complete removal, even if benign. However, PD may be overtreatment for noninvasive lesions, and pancreas‐sparing total duodenectomy (PSTD) is an emerging valid surgical option for selected cases.MethodsWe reviewed patients undergoing PSTD at our institution over 16 months and a comparison group who had undergone PD for benign duodenal disease over the past 15 years. We also reviewed cases in the English‐language literature and performed a meta‐analysis of those patients who had undergone PSTD.ResultsPSTD had been performed in four patients, who had an average hospital length of stay (LOS) of 13 days; two of them experienced complications. None required conversion to PD, experienced a postoperative fistula or endocrine or exocrine insufficiency, or required intensive care. Two of the PSTDs were performed laparoscopically. Open PD for benign duodenal disease was performed in 22 patients, with overall morbidity and pancreas fistula rates of 82 and 27 %, respectively. The meta‐analysis found 128 unique cases of PSTD with morbidity and mortality rates of 46.4 and 2.3 %, respectively. Pancreaticobiliary leak was seen in 20 %, with an average LOS of 17 days.ConclusionsAlthough PSTD can be used to avoid PD and can be performed laparoscopically, it is technically challenging and still associated with morbidity.
Reducing Youth Access to Alcohol: Findings from a Community‐Based Randomized Trial
Authors: Flewelling Robert L. , Grube Joel W. , Paschall M. J. , Biglan Anthony , Kraft Anne , Black Carol , Hanley Sean M. , Ringwalt Christopher , Wiesen Chris , Ruscoe Jeff 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUnderage drinking continues to be an important public health problem and a challenge to the substance abuse prevention field. Community‐based interventions designed to more rigorously control underage access to alcohol through retailer education and greater enforcement of underage drinking laws have been advocated as potentially effective strategies to help address this problem, but studies designed to evaluate such interventions are sparse. To address this issue we conducted a randomized trial involving 36 communities to test the combined effectiveness of five interrelated intervention components designed to reduce underage access to alcohol. The intervention was found to be effective in reducing the likelihood that retail clerks would sell alcohol to underage‐looking buyers, but did not reduce underage drinking or the perceived availability of alcohol among high school students. Post hoc analyses, however, revealed significant associations between the level of underage drinking law enforcement in the intervention communities and reductions in both 30‐day use of alcohol and binge drinking. The findings highlight the difficulty in reducing youth drinking even when efforts to curtail retail access are successful. Study findings also suggest that high intensity implementation of underage drinking law enforcement can reduce underage drinking. Any such effects of enhanced enforcement on underage drinking appear to be more directly attributable to an increase in perceived likelihood of enforcement and the resultant perceived inconveniences and/or sanctions to potential drinkers, than to a reduction in access to alcohol per se.
Image-based 3D modeling and validation of radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation using a tissue-mimicking breast phantom
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Aarya Isshaa , Gueorguieva Mariana , Liu Dun , Luo Hongyan , Manfredi Luigi , Wang Lijun , McLean Donald , Coleman Stuart , Brown Stuart , Cuschieri Alfred 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Purpose
Minimally invasive treatment of solid cancers, especially in the breast and liver, remains clinically challenging, despite a variety of treatment modalities, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation or high-intensity focused ultrasound. Each treatment modality has advantages and disadvantages, but all are limited by placement of a probe or US beam in the target tissue for tumor ablation and monitoring. The placement is difficult when the tumor is surrounded by large blood vessels or organs. Patient-specific image-based 3D modeling for thermal ablation simulation was developed to optimize treatment protocols that improve treatment efficacy.

Methods
A tissue-mimicking breast gel phantom was used to develop an image-based 3D computer-aided design (CAD) model for the evaluation of a planned RF ablation. First, the tissue-mimicking gel was cast in a breast mold to create a 3D breast phantom, which contained a simulated solid tumor. Second, the phantom was imaged in a medical MRI scanner using a standard breast imaging MR sequence. Third, the MR images were converted into a 3D CAD model using commercial software (ScanIP, Simpleware), which was input into another commercial package (COMSOL Multiphysics) for RFA simulation and treatment planning using a finite element method (FEM). For validation of the model, the breast phantom was experimentally ablated using a commercial (RITA) RFA electrode and a bipolar needle with an electrosurgical generator (DRE ASG-300). The RFA results obtained by pre-treatment simulation were compared with actual experimental ablation.

Results
A 3D CAD model, created from MR images of the complex breast phantom, was successfully integrated with an RFA electrode to perform FEM ablation simulation. The ablation volumes achieved both in the FEM simulation and the experimental test were equivalent, indicating that patient-specific models can be implemented for pre-treatment planning of solid tumor ablation.

Conclusion
A tissue-mimicking breast gel phantom and its MR images were used to perform FEM 3D modeling and validation by experimental thermal ablation of the tumor. Similar patient-specific models can be created from preoperative images and used to perform finite element analysis to plan radiofrequency ablation. Clinically, the method can be implemented for pre-treatment planning to predict the effect of an individual’s tissue environment on the ablation process, and this may improve the therapeutic efficacy.
Volume, volatility and information linkages in the stock and option markets
Authors: Ho Kin‐Yip , Zheng Lin , Zhang Zhaoyong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between option trading activity and stock market volatility. Although the option market is uniquely suited for trading on volatility information, there is little analysis on how trading activity in this market is linked to stock price volatility. The bulk of the discussion tends to focus on whether trading activity in the stock market is informative about stock volatility. To analyze the information in option trading activity for stock market volatility, a sample of 15 stocks with the highest option trading volume is selected. For each stock, it is noted that the trading activities in the put and call option markets have significant explanatory power for stock market volatility. In addition, the results indicate that the call option trading activity has a stronger impact on stock volatility compared with that of the put options. Our results demonstrate that information and sentiment in the option market is useful for the estimation of stock market volatility. Also, the significance of the effects of option trading activity on stock price volatility is observed to be comparable to that of stock market trading activity. Furthermore, the persistence and asymmetric effects in the volatility of some stocks tend to disappear once option trading activity is taken into account.
Stocks, Bonds, and Long-Run Consumption Risks
Authors: Hasseltoft Henrik 
Published: June 2012

AbstractI evaluate whether the so-called long-run risk framework can jointly explain key features of both equity and bond markets as well as the interaction between asset prices and the macroeconomy. I find that shocks to expected consumption growth and time-varying macroeconomic volatility can account for the level of risk premia and its variation over time in both markets. The results suggest a common set of macroeconomic risk factors operating in equity and bond markets. I estimate the model using a simulation estimator that accounts for time aggregation of consumption growth and utilizes a rich set of moment conditions.
Studies in Penicillin Formation.
Authors: Cook R. P. , Brown Margaret B. 
Published: June 2012

SynopisExtracts of green peas stimulate penicillin formation byPenicillium notatum, and fractions have been prepared by treating the juice with ethanol to find the constituents present which have a stimulating action. The mould has been grown as a surface culture on a basal medium containing NaNO3, KH2PO4, MgSO4, NaCl and lactose to which the various fractions have been added. One chemically complex fraction containing a large number of amino acids (demonstrated by paper partition chromatography and estimated micro-biologically), carbohydrates and mineral matter (containing a number of trace elements) gives high yields of penicillin. The types of penicillin produced on this medium have been determined by micro-chromatography.Chemically defined media have been formulated, and information has been obtained on the sources of carbon and nitrogen that permit growth and penicillin formation.The amounts of carbohydrate and salts in the medium influence the formation of penicillin. Excess of carbohydrates such as glucose cause an increase in growth of the mould and a decrease in the production of penicillin.The significance of the results in relation to the formation of penicillin is discussed.
Behaviour of the Ring-Chromosome inDrosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Battacharya P. 
Published: June 2012

SynopisThe genetical studies on ring-chromosomes inDrosophilashow that there is no interlocking of chromatids at mitosis.Dicentric ring-chromosomes formed at meiosis on being pulled apart do not become broken with subsequent reunion of the broken ends. This may be due to the failure of these chromosomes either to rejoin or to become broken at all.The results make it probable that there is a gene or genes located in one of chromocentral regions of the X-chromosome ofDrosophila, probably in the region at the distal end, which has a function in ensuring the orderly segregation of the chromatids in the early cleavage stages of the fertilised eggs. Hence the absence of this chromosome region results in a tendency to gynandromorphism.Results indicate the incorrectness of the view that the inviable zygotes and the patroclinous males found in the ring-chromosome stock arise from different kinds of eggs (single cross-over and progressive double cross-over respectively, as proposed by L. V. Morgan). Both arise from eggs that have for any reason failed to receive a monocentric X-chromosome. This result occurs in all cases of digressive double crossing-over and in half the cases of progressive double crossing-over. Such virtually X-less eggs, when fertilised by an X-bearing sperm, form patroclinous males, and when fertilised by a Y-bearing sperm, form inviable zygotes. The classes thus found are therefore equal in number.
VII.—On Migrations ofLymnœa peregra(Müller) on the Shores of Loch Lomond
Authors: Hunter W. Russell 
Published: June 2012

SynopsisSeasonal changes in the distribution ofLymnœa peregra(Müller) on a gently sloping beach of Loch Lomond have been studied in detail, with particular reference to the effects of the changes in water level which occur. At lower water temperatures the distribution can be correlated with the availability of food. At higher water temperatures the respiratory needs of adult snails cause them to remain close to the water's edge, even in the absence of food. This is not always true of young snails. Measurement of the fæces produced by such adult snails gives further evidence that a degree of starvation can occur for short periods in the summer months.Comparative data on the characteristics of the physical environment and the general distribution of gastropods in Loch Lomond are given, and the study discussed in relation to previous work on the littoral ecology of large lakes.