bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Quantification With Mixed Data by Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Yin Jianhua , Hu Zhen , Du Xiaoping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Surrogate models have become increasingly essential for replacing simulation models in additive manufacturing (AM) process analysis and design, particularly for assessing the impact of microstructural variations and process imperfections (aleatory uncertainty). However, these surrogate models can introduce predictive errors, introducing epistemic uncertainty. The challenge arises when dealing with image input data, which is inherently high-dimensional, making it challenging to apply existing uncertainty quantification (UQ) techniques effectively. To address this challenge, this study develops a new UQ methodology based on an existing concept of combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and Gaussian process (GP) regression (GPR). This CNN-GP method converts both numerical and image inputs into a unified, larger-sized image dataset, enabling direct dimension reduction with CNN. Subsequently, GPR constructs the surrogate model, not only providing predictions but also quantifying the associated model uncertainty. This approach ensures that the surrogate model considers both input-related aleatory uncertainty and model-related epistemic uncertainty when it is used for prediction, enhancing confidence in image-based AM simulations and informed decision-making. Three examples validate the high accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Athletes’ Perspectives of the Classification System in Para Alpine Skiing for Those With Visual Impairment
Authors: Douglas Sara M. , Kitchin Paul J. , Jackson Andrew J. , Barrett Brendan T. , Little Julie-Anne 
Published: May 2024

This study explored the classification experiences and views of Para Alpine skiers with visual impairment. Data from 11 interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to generate three themes: Suitability—The skiers questioned the suitability of the visual measurements, testing environment, and the information they received regarding classification; Exclusivity—Skiers felt certain aspects of the system remain exclusive due to the restrictions of sport classes and lack of the athlete voice; and (Dis)trust—Skiers felt distrust in those implementing the system and in other athletes due to intentional misrepresentation. Speculation surrounding this resulted in the skiers’ feeling doubt in their own classification. While there is not a “one size fits all” approach to classification, understanding skiers’ experiences can be a vital first step and will help to guide future research into the evolution of this sport’s classification.
Genomic characterization of
Staphylococcus aureus
isolated from patients admitted to intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital: epidemiological risk of nasal carriage of virulent clone during admission
Authors: Inagawa Takahiro , Hisatsune Junzo , Kutsuno Shoko , Iwao Yasuhisa , Koba Yumiko , Kashiyama Seiya , Ota Kohei , Shime Nobuaki , Sugai Motoyuki 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

We conducted a molecular epidemiological study of
Staphylococcus aureus
using whole-genome sequence data and clinical data of isolates from nasal swabs of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hiroshima University hospital. The relationship between isolate genotypes and virulence factors, particularly for isolates that caused infectious diseases during ICU admission was compared with those that did not. The nasal carriage rates of methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
(MSSA) in patients admitted to the ICU were 7.0% and 20.1%, respectively. The carriage rate of community-acquired (CA)-MRSA was 2.3%, accounting for 32.8% of all MRSA isolates. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of the MRSA isolates indicated that most, including CA-MRSA and healthcare-associated (HA)-MRSA, belonged to clonal complex (CC) 8 [sequence type (ST) 8] and SCC
mec
type IV. Furthermore, results for three disease foci (pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection, and deep abscess) and the assessment of virulence factor genes associated with disease conditions [bacteremia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and septic shock] suggested that nasal colonization of
S. aureus
clones could represent a risk for patients within the ICU. Particularly, MRSA/J and MSSA/J may be more likely to cause deep abscess infection; ST764 may cause ventilation-associated pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia and subsequent bacteremia, and ARDS, and
tst-1
-positive isolates may cause DIC onset.

IMPORTANCE

Nasal colonization of MRSA in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) may predict the development of MRSA infections. However, no bacteriological data are available to perform risk assessments for
Staphylococcus aureus
infection onset. In this single-center 2-year genomic surveillance study, we analyzed all
S. aureus
isolates from nasal swabs of patients admitted to the ICU and those from the blood or lesions of in-patients who developed infectious diseases in the ICU. Furthermore, we identified the virulent clones responsible for causing infectious diseases in the ICU. Herein, we report several virulent clones present in the nares that are predictive of invasive infections. This information may facilitate the design of preemptive strategies to identify and eradicate virulent MRSA strains, reducing nosocomial infections within the ICU.
Deep-time thermal history of the Great Unconformity in the Grand Canyon, USA: Combined zircon (U-Th)/He and K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar thermochronometers
Authors: Thurston O.G. , Guenthner W.R. , Karlstrom K.E. , Heizler M.T. , Ricketts J.W. , McDannell K.T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Deep-time thermochronology by the zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe) method is an emerging field of study with promise for constraining Precambrian rock thermal and exhumation histories. The Grand Canyon provides an opportunity to further explore this method because excellent geologic constraints can be integrated with multiple thermochronometers to address important questions about the spatial variability of basement erosion below the sub-Cambrian Great Unconformity composite erosional surface. In this study, we synthesize new ZHe results (n = 26) and published (n = 77) ZHe data with new K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar data and models (n = 4) from Precambrian basement rocks of the Grand Canyon, USA. We use HeFTy and QTQt thermal history modeling to evaluate the ability of the individual ZHe and K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar thermochronometric data sets to resolve Precambrian thermal histories and compare those results with jointly modeled data using the QTQt software. We also compare Precambrian basement thermal histories of the eastern and western Grand Canyon, where the eastern Grand Canyon has ~4 km of Grand Canyon Supergroup strata deposited and preserved, and the western Grand Canyon, where the Supergroup was either never deposited or not preserved. In all locations, models constrained only by ZHe data have limited resolving power for the past ~600 m.y., compared to models that combine K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar and ZHe data, which extends the recorded history into the Mesoproterozoic. Our model results suggest that two regional basement unroofing events occurred. A ca. 1350–1250 Ma cooling event is interpreted to record basement exhumation from depths of ~10 km, and a second cooling episode (~200–100 °C total) records exhumation from a depth of ~3 km to 7 km to near-surface conditions between ca. 600 Ma and 500 Ma. Easternmost Grand Canyon models suggest that the preserved maximum ~4 km thickness of the Grand Canyon Supergroup (with burial heating at ~100 °C) approximates the total original Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic stratal thickness. Whether these Supergroup rocks were present and then eroded in the western Grand Canyon, as suggested by regional geologic studies, or were never deposited is not constrained by thermochronological data.
OCT analysis of preoperative foveal microstructure in recent-onset macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: visual acuity prognostic factors
Authors: Savastano Maria Cristina , Carlà Matteo Mario , Giannuzzi Federico , Fossataro Claudia , Cestrone Valentina , Boselli Francesco , Biagini Ilaria , Beccia Flavia , Raffaele Quatrale , Gravina Gianni , Rizzo Clara , Savastano Alfonso , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundTo evaluate, in patients undergoing macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery (RRD), the correlation between preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) morphological features and postoperative visual acuity.MethodsRetrospective interventional non-randomised clinical trial on 89 eyes of 89 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for macula-off primary RRD at Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli from 2020 to 2023. Preoperative 6×6 mm OCT B scans with Nidek Mirante (Nidek, Gamagori, Japan) were performed, collecting the following features: foveal involvement (fovea-on vs fovea-off), subretinal hyper-reflective points (HRPs), outer retinal corrugations (ORCs) and intraretinal cystic spaces (ICS) in the outer nuclear layer. The patients were followed in a 6-month follow-up to evaluate best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes.ResultsPreoperative mean BCVA was 0.15±0.22 and improved to 0.29±0.3 decimals at 6 months (p<0.001). The presence of subretinal HRPs showed a significant negative impact on BCVA improvement in the univariate regression analysis (r=−0.264, p=0.024), as well as the presence of foveal detachment (r=−0.355, p=0.012). The other OCT features did not show a significant correlation with BCVA improvement: ORCs (r=0.072, p=0.257) and ICS (r=−0.020, p=0.734). In the multivariate regression analysis, the negative impact of foveal detachment was confirmed (r=−0.199, p=0.05) while the statistical significance of subretinal HRPs was lost (r=−0.135, p=0.105).ConclusionsThe negative impact of foveal involvement in a macula-off RRD was confirmed. Moreover, the presence of subretinal HRPs, as a possible indirect marker of inflammatory response extent, may act as a negative predictor for postoperative visual recover.Trial registration numberNCT05747144.
Effective multi-sectoral approach for rapid reduction in maternal and neonatal mortality: the exceptional case of Bangladesh
Authors: Tasnim Hossain Aniqa , Hazel Elizabeth A. , Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur , Koon Adam D. , Jue Wong Heather , Maïga Abdoulaye , Akseer Nadia , Tam Yvonne , Walker Neff , Jiwani Safia S. , Munos Melinda Kay , El Arifeen Shams , Black Robert , Amouzou Agbessi 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundBangladesh experienced impressive reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality over the past several decades with annual rates of decline surpassing 4% since 2000. We comprehensively assessed health system and non-health factors that drove Bangladesh’s success in mortality reduction.MethodsWe operationalised a comprehensive conceptual framework and analysed available household surveys for trends and inequalities in mortality, intervention coverage and quality of care. These include 12 household surveys totalling over 1.3 million births in the 15 years preceding the surveys. Literature and desk reviews permitted a reconstruction of policy and programme development and financing since 1990. These were supplemented with key informant interviews to understand implementation decisions and strategies.ResultsBangladesh prioritised early population policies to manage its rapidly growing population through community-based family planning programmes initiated in mid-1970s. These were followed in the 1990s and 2000s by priority to increase access to health facilities leading to rapid increases in facility delivery, intervention coverage and access to emergency obstetric care, with large contribution from private facilities. A decentralised health system organisation, from communities to the central level, openness to private for-profit sector growth, and efficient financing allocation to maternal and newborn health enabled rapid progress. Other critical levers included poverty reduction, women empowerment, rural development, and culture of data generation and use. However, recent empirical data suggest a slowing down of mortality reductions.ConclusionBangladesh demonstrated effective multi-sectoral approach and persistent programming, testing and implementation to achieve rapid gains in maternal and neonatal mortality reduction. The slowing down of recent mortality trends suggests that the country will need to revise its strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. As fertility reached replacement level, further gains in maternal and neonatal mortality will require prioritising universal access to quality facility delivery, and addressing inequalities, including reaching the rural poor.
Making the health system work for over 25 million births annually: drivers of the notable decline in maternal and newborn mortality in India
Authors: Bhushan Himanshu , Ram Usha , Scott Kerry , Blanchard Andrea Katryn , Kumar Prakash , Agarwal Ritu , Washington Reynold , Ramesh Banadakoppa Manjappa 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIndia’s progress in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality since the 1990s was faster than the regional average. We systematically analysed how national health policies, services for maternal and newborn health, and socioeconomic contextual changes, drove these mortality reductions.MethodsThe study’s mixed-methods design integrated quantitative trend analyses of mortality, intervention coverage and equity since the 1990s, using the sample registration system and national surveys, with interpretive understandings from policy documents and 13 key informant interviews.ResultsIndia’s maternal mortality ratio (MMR) declined from 412 to 103 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births between 1997–1998 and 2017–2019. The neonatal mortality rate (NMR) declined from 46 to 22 per 1000 live births between 1997 and 2019. The average annual rate of mortality reduction increased over time. During this period, coverage of any antenatal care (57%–94%), quality antenatal care (37%–85%) and institutional delivery (34%–90%) increased, as did caesarean section rates among the poorest tertile (2%–9%); these coverage gains occurred primarily in the government (public) sector. The fastest rates for increasing coverage occurred during 2005–2012.The 2005–2012 National Rural Health Mission (which became the National Health Mission in 2012) catalysed bureaucratic innovations, additional resources, pro-poor commitments and accountability. These efforts occurred alongside smaller family sizes and improvements in macroeconomic growth, mobile and road networks, women’s empowerment, and nutrition. These together reduced high-risk births and improved healthcare access, particularly among the poor.ConclusionRapid reduction in NMR and MMR in India was accompanied by increased coverage of maternal and newborn health interventions. Government programmes strengthened public sector services, thereby expanding the reach of these interventions. Simultaneously, socioeconomic and demographic shifts led to fewer high-risk births. The study’s integrated methodology is relevant for generating comprehensive knowledge to advance universal health coverage.
A phase I trial of accelerated intermittent theta burst rTMS for amnestic MCI
Authors: Aghamoosa Stephanie , Lopez James , Rbeiz Katrina , Fleischmann Holly H , Horn Olivia , Madden Katrina , Caulfield Kevin A , Antonucci Michael U , Revuelta Gonzalo , McTeague Lisa M , Benitez Andreana 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) enhances cognition in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) rTMS protocols are promising as they substantially reduce burden by shortening the treatment course, but the safety, feasibility, and acceptability of iTBS have not been established in MCI.Methods24 older adults with amnestic MCI (aMCI) due to possible Alzheimer’s disease enrolled in a phase I trial of open-label accelerated iTBS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (8 stimulation sessions of 600 pulses of iTBS/day for 3 days). Participants rated common side effects during and after each session and retrospectively (at post-treatment and 4-week follow-up). They completed brain MRI (for safety assessments and electric field modeling), neuropsychiatric evaluations, and neuropsychological testing before and after treatment; a subset of measures was administered at follow-up.ResultsRetention was high (95%) and there were no adverse neuroradiological, neuropsychiatric, or neurocognitive effects of treatment. Participants reported high acceptability, minimal side effects, and low desire to quit despite some rating the treatment as tiring. Electric field modeling data suggest that all participants received safe and therapeutic cortical stimulation intensities. We observed a significant, large effect size (d=0.98) improvement in fluid cognition using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery from pre-treatment to post-treatment.ConclusionsOur findings support the safety, feasibility, and acceptability of accelerated iTBS in aMCI. In addition, we provide evidence of target engagement in the form of improved cognition following treatment. These promising results directly inform future trials aimed at optimizing treatment parameters.Trial registration numberNCT04503096.
Production of $$D_{s0}(2590)^+$$ in B nonleptonic decays
Authors: Wang Shuang-Tao , Pei Su-Yan , Wang Tianhong , Wang Guo-Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn 2021, a new charm-strange meson, $$D_{s0}(2590)^+$$

D

s
0

(
2590
)

+

, was discovered, which is believed to be the $$D_s^+(2^1S_0)$$

D
s
+

(

2
1

S
0

)

. However, its low mass and wide width are challenged by theoretical results. Given the small branching ratio of the current production channel, resulting in a small number of events and large errors, we suggest searching for the $$D_{s0}(2590)^+$$

D

s
0

(
2590
)

+

in the B meson nonleptonic decays, $$B_q\rightarrow D^{(*)}_qD_{s0}(2590)^+$$

B
q

→

D
q

(

∗
)

D

s
0

(
2590
)

+

($$q=u,d$$

q
=
u
,
d

), followed by $$D_{s0}(2590)^+\rightarrow D^*K$$

D

s
0

(
2590
)

+

→

D
∗

K

. We find that $$Br(B_q\rightarrow D^{(*)}_qD_{s0}(2590)^+)\times Br(D_{s0}(2590)^+\rightarrow D^{*}K)=(2.16\sim 2.82)\times 10^{-3}$$

B
r

(

B
q

→

D
q

(

∗
)

D

s
0

(
2590
)

+

)

×
B
r

(

D

s
0

(
2590
)

+

→

D

∗

K
)

=

(
2.16
∼
2.82
)

×

10

-
3

is very large, and the result is not sensitive to the mass of $$D_{s0}(2590)^+$$

D

s
0

(
2590
)

+

. Due to the large branching ratio, numerous $$D_{s0}(2590)^+$$

D

s
0

(
2590
)

+

events are expected. This study is based on the framework of the instantaneous Bethe–Salpeter equation, and the relativistic wave functions used for mesons contain different partial waves. The contributions of the different partial waves are also studied.
Ontological model of the process of intensification of teachers’ competencies
Authors: Bazarova Madina , Alibekkyzy Karlygash , Adikanova Saltanat , Bugubayeva Alina , Zhomartkyzy Gulnaz , Jaxalykova Akmaral , Baidildina Aizhan , Keribayeva Talshyn 
Published: May 2024

Currently, there is a need to improve the education system and develop interdisciplinary research at all levels of education, from school to postgraduate education. The introduction of interdisciplinary connections contributes to the formation of a holistic understanding of natural phenomena and the connections between them. Thus, this knowledge becomes more meaningful and applicable in practice. This article proposes a conceptual model of the content of education in the form of a thesaurus and ontology. The use of these models will allow you to adaptively select and systematize educational information. The article also discusses the possibilities and experience of using ontological modeling and engineering for the conceptual description of school and higher education. In addition, the article discusses the development of an ontological model of the process of expanding teachers’ competencies with the integration of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. The use of ontological engineering methods will improve the quality of teacher education through the semantic description of knowledge in the subject area and the use of interdisciplinary and STEM approaches in the educational process.<p> </p>
Two Determinants of Dynamic Adaptive Learning for Magnitudes and Probabilities
Authors: Foucault Cedric , Meyniel Florent 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Humans face a dynamic world that requires them to constantly update their knowledge. Each observation should influence their knowledge to a varying degree depending on whether it arises from a stochastic fluctuation or an environmental change. Thus, humans should dynamically adapt their learning rate based on each observation. Although crucial for characterizing the learning process, these dynamic adjustments have only been investigated empirically in magnitude learning. Another important type of learning is probability learning. The latter differs from the former in that individual observations are much less informative and a single one is insufficient to distinguish environmental changes from stochasticity. Do humans dynamically adapt their learning rate for probabilities? What determinants drive their dynamic adjustments in magnitude and probability learning? To answer these questions, we measured the subjects’ learning rate dynamics directly through real-time continuous reports during magnitude and probability learning. We found that subjects dynamically adapt their learning rate in both types of learning. After a change point, they increase their learning rate suddenly for magnitudes and prolongedly for probabilities. Their dynamics are driven differentially by two determinants: change-point probability, the main determinant for magnitudes, and prior uncertainty, the main determinant for probabilities. These results are fully in line with normative theory, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Overall, our findings demonstrate a remarkable human ability for dynamic adaptive learning under uncertainty, and guide studies of the neural mechanisms of learning, highlighting different determinants for magnitudes and probabilities.
Talent hat, cross-border mobility, and career development in China
Authors: Huang Yurui , Cheng Xuesen , Tian Chaolin , Jiang Xunyi , Ma Langtian , Ma Yifang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the influence of cross-border recruitment programs in China, which confer scientists with a “talent hat,” including an attractive startup package, on their future performance and career development. By curating a unique data set from China’s 10-year talent recruitment program, we employed multiple matching designs to quantify the effects of the cross-border recruitment with talent hats on early-career STEM scholars. Our findings indicate that the cross-border talents perform better than their comparable contenders who move without talent hats and those who do not move in terms of publication numbers, citation, publication quality, and collaborator numbers, given equivalent scientific performance before relocation. Moreover, we observed that scholars in experimental fields derive more significant benefits from the talent program than those in nonexperimental fields. Finally, we investigated how the changes in the scientific environment of scientists affect their future performance. We found that talents who reassembled their collaboration network with new collaborators in new institutions after job replacement experienced significant improvements in their academic performance. However, shifting research directions entails risks, which results in a subsequent decrease in future academic performances following the relocation. This study has significant implications for young scientists, research institutions, and governments concerning cultivating cross-border talents.