bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A statistical model for mapping morphological shape
Authors: Fu Guifang , Berg Arthur , Das Kiranmoy , LI Jiahan , LI Runze , Wu Rongling 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundLiving things come in all shapes and sizes, from bacteria, plants, and animals to humans. Knowledge about the genetic mechanisms for biological shape has far-reaching implications for a range spectrum of scientific disciplines including anthropology, agriculture, developmental biology, evolution and biomedicine.ResultsWe derived a statistical model for mapping specific genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control morphological shape. The model was formulated within the mixture framework, in which different types of shape are thought to result from genotypic discrepancies at a QTL. The EM algorithm was implemented to estimate QTL genotype-specific shapes based on a shape correspondence analysis. Computer simulation was used to investigate the statistical property of the model.ConclusionBy identifying specific QTLs for morphological shape, the model developed will help to ask, disseminate and address many major integrative biological and genetic questions and challenges in the genetic control of biological shape and function.
A novel COMMD1 mutation Thr174Met associated with elevated urinary copper and signs of enhanced apoptotic cell death in a Wilson Disease patient
Authors: Gupta Arnab , Chattopadhyay Ishita , Mukherjee Shashwata , Sengupta Mainak , Das Shyamal K , Ray Kunal 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWilson disease (WD) results from accumulation of copper and caused due to mutations in ATP7B, a copper transporting ATPase. Besides regular hepatic and neurological symptoms, WD patients occasionally manifest atypical symptoms due to unknown cause. To understand the molecular etiology of atypical WD manifestations, we screenedCOMMD1, a gene implicated in canine copper toxicosis, in 109 WD patients including those with atypical symptoms. In a patient showing apoptotic symptoms and high urinary copper surpassing normal WD levels, we identified a novel, putative mutation inCOMMD1. Two other changes were also identified in the gene. We have examined genotype-phenotype correlation between the detected changes and the atypical presentation of the WD patient.
A novel, rapidly acquired and persistent spatial memory task that induces immediate early gene expression
Authors: Feldman Lisa A , Shapiro Matthew L , Nalbantoglu Josephine 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The Morris water maze task is a hippocampus-dependent learning and memory test that typically takes between 3 days to 2 weeks of training. This task is used to assess spatial learning and induces the expression of genes known to be crucial to learning and memory in the hippocampus. A major caveat in the protocol is the prolonged duration of training, and difficulty of assessing the time during training in which animals have learned the task. We introduce here a condensed version of the task that like traditional water maze tasks, creates lasting hippocampus-dependent spatial cognitive maps and elicits gene expression following learning.

Methods
This paradigm was designed for rats to quickly acquire a hippocampus-dependent spatial cognitive map and retain this memory for at least 24 hours. To accomplish this, we interspersed visible and hidden training trials, delivering them in a massed fashion so training takes a maximum of 15 minutes. Learning was assessed based on latencies to the platform during each training trial, as well as time spent in the goal quadrant during probe testing 30 minutes and 24 hours after training. Normal rats were compared to two impaired cohorts (rats with fimbria-fornix lesions and rats administered NMDA receptor antagonist (CPP)). To quantitate hippocampal expression of known learning genes, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on hippocampal cDNA.

Results
We show that massed training using alternating visible and hidden training trials generates robust short-term working and long-term reference memories in rats. Like the traditional Morris water maze paradigm, this task requires proper hippocampal function, as rats with fimbria-fornix lesions and rats administered CPP fail to learn the spatial component of the task. Furthermore, training in this paradigm elicits hippocampal expression of genes upregulated following learning in a variety of spatial tasks: homer1a, cfos and zif268.

Conclusions
We introduce here a condensed version of the Morris water maze, which is like a traditional water maze paradigm, in that it is hippocampus-dependent, and elicits hippocampal expression of learning genes. However, this task is administered in 15 minutes and induces spatial memory for at least 24 hours.
Postprandial plasma bile acid responses in normal weight and obese subjects
Authors: Glicksman C , Pournaras D J , Wright M , Roberts R , Mahon D , Welbourn R , Sherwood R , Alaghband-Zadeh J , le Roux C W 
Published: July 2010

Background Bile acids can act as signalling molecules via various receptors including the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), and the cell surface G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5. The signalling has been implicated in the release of peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which improves glycaemic control and energy expenditure. We investigated whether morbidly obese subjects have altered postprandial bile acid responses in comparison to normal weight subjects. Method Blood samples were taken every 30 min from 0 to 180 min following a 400 kcal test meal. Samples were taken from 12 normal weight subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of 23.2 (2.8) kg/m2 (median [interquartile range (IQR)]) and seven obese patients with a BMI of 47.2 (7.2) kg/m2. Fractionated bile acids were measured on these samples using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results The obese subjects showed a lower postprandial response in total bile acids compared with the normal weight subjects. An increase of 6.4 (5.0) and 2.6 (3.3) μmol/L (median [IQR]) in normal weight and obese subjects was observed, respectively ( P = 0.02). The difference was predominantly due to the glycine-conjugated fraction ( P = 0.03). There was no difference in the increase of the unconjugated or taurine-conjugated fractions. Conclusions The decreased postprandial bile acid response in obese subjects compared with normal weight subjects may partly explain the suboptimal GLP-1 and PYY responses and could affect appetite, glycaemic control and energy expenditure.
Expressing thiopurineS-methyltransferase activity as units per litre of whole-blood overcomes misleading high results in patients with anaemia
Authors: Barlow N L , Graham V , Berg J D 
Published: July 2010

BackgroundThiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) phenotype analysis, expressed as TPMT activity, is established as a routine pharmacogenomic test to screen patients prior to initiating thiopurine drug therapy. Conventionally measured TPMT activity is corrected for red blood cell (RBC) parameters. Here we present evidence that supports the simplification of the TPMT assay: by expressing TPMT activity in mU/L whole blood, without undertaking any haemoglobin (Hb) correction.MethodsHb concentrations were compared in consecutive samples that had been received for TPMT phenotype analysis and which were stratified into samples with high ( n = 111) and samples with normal ( n = 50) Hb-corrected enzyme activity. TPMT activity was also measured in samples received for full blood count determination, stratified into those with low ( n = 50) and normal ( n = 50) Hb. A reference interval for TPMT activity in mU/L was derived from a correlation between activity expressed in conventional units and that expressed in mU/L ( n = 1563), supported by comparison with associated genotype ( n = 201).ResultsIn the high TPMT activity group, 83% of specimens had a low Hb concentration compared with 14% of specimens in the normal TPMT group. Samples with a low Hb concentration were found to have significantly higher Hb-corrected TPMT activity than samples with a normal Hb concentration: 83 versus 44 nmol 6-methyl thioguanine /g Hb/h, P < 0.0001. These results strongly suggest that misleading high Hb-corrected TPMT activity is found in anaemic patients. Based on the reference interval for enzyme activity of 70–150 mU/L, phenotype–genotype concordance compared well with the conventional approach (88% versus 89%). Furthermore, distribution of TPMT phenotypes with activity expressed in mU/L was identical: 0.5% deficient, 11% low, 86% normal and 2.5% high, to when it was expressed in conventional units.ConclusionExpressing TPMT activity in mU/L can overcome misleading high Hb-corrected TPMT results occurring in patients with anaemia, which could lead to inappropriate treatment. Removing the need to measure RBC indices further simplifies TPMT phenotyping, leading to a more robust assay, with reduced turn-around time and cost.
The Prevalence of Dental, Facial and Head Injuries Sustained by Schoolboy Rugby Players. A Pilot Study
Authors: Jagger Robert G , Abbasbhai Ali , Patel Dilan , Jagger Daryll C , Griffiths Alex 
Published: July 2010

Aim The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental, orofacial and head injuries and of mouthguard use among schoolboy rugby players. Materials and methods All members of the first and second XV rugby squads at three secondary schools (two in England and one in Australia) were included in the study. All participants answered a questionnaire that sought information regarding dental, orofacial and head injuries. Statistical differences between groups were determined using chi-square tests for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis tests for discrete (count) variables. Results One hundred and seventy-eight completed questionnaires were returned (100% response rate). One hundred and twenty-five (70%) players reported having sustained at least one injury (range 1–4). Facial injuries were common. Dental injuries were the most prevalent injury: 46 (26%) were reported. Fractured teeth were reported by 20 (11%) players, and avulsed teeth by 7 (4%). There was evidence of a difference between schools in the prevalence of injured players ( P=0.014), but among those reporting injuries, there was no difference between schools in the number of injuries ( P=0.95). All players said that they used a mouthguard regularly. Conclusions Dental, orofacial and head injuries were commonly reported. Dental injuries were the most prevalent type of injury. All players used mouthguards regularly.
Effect of Hard Water and Ammonium Sulfate on Weak Acid Herbicide Activity
Authors: Zollinger Richard K. , Nalewaja John D. , Peterson Dallas E. , Young Bryan G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Glyphosate is a weak acid herbicide and can bind with calcium in the spray carrier. Diammonium sulfate is commonly used as an adjuvant with glyphosate to enhance phytotoxicity and overcome antagonistic effect of these cations. Most postemergence herbicides are also weak acid herbicides. Data is limited for other weak acid herbicides and the effect of diammonium sulfate in enhancing herbicide activity and overcoming antagonism. Field studies were conducted with aminopyralid, tembotrione, dicamba plus diflufenzopyr, and glufosinate to determine if (1) these weak acid herbicides are enhanced by ammonium, (2) if they are antagonized by calcium and magnesium in the spray solution, (3) if diammonium sulfate overcomes salt antagonism, and (4) if a previously published equation for the amount of ammonium sulfate required to overcome salt antagonism of glyphosate based on cation concentration in spray water correctly predicts to other weak acid herbicides. The activity of the four weak acid herbicides increased with the addition of ammonium to the spray solution, all were antagonized by calcium and magnesium, and diammonium sulfate overcame the antagonism. The previously published equation to calculate the amount the diammonium sulfate needed to overcome 500 and 1000 ppm hardness was accurate and can be used for these herbicides and possibly other weak acid herbicides.
Job Stress and Carotid Intima‐media Thickness in Chinese Workers
Authors: Xu Weixian , Hang Juan , Cao Tingting , Shi Rong , Zeng Wenshuang , Deng Yuanfei , Gao Wei , Zhao Yiming , Guo Lijun 
Published: July 2010

Job Stress and Carotid Intima‐media Thickness in Chinese Workers: Weixian Xu, et al. Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, ChinaObjectivesCarotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) can be used as a surrogate marker for cardiovascular health, and job stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, there have been a limited number of studies focusing on the association between job stress and CIMT. The goal of this study was to explore the association between job stress and CIMT in a Chinese working population.MethodsThe study included 734 participants (508 males and 226 females) without coronary heart disease. Job stress was evaluated using the effort‐reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire at work. ERI is the ratio between efforts and rewards (weighted by number of items). High resolution carotid ultrasonographic studies were performed using a Sequoia 512 ultrasound system with an 8–13 MHz linear array transducer to assess CIMT.ResultsThis study detected gender‐specific associations between the indictors of the ERI model and increased CIMT among the study participants in China. This study demonstrated a robust association in women between the key indicators of ERI, effort, overcommitment and ERI, and increased CIMT (adjusted r2=0.258, p=0.001; adjusted r2=0.261; p<0.001; adjusted r2=0.274; p<0.001, respectively). Reward was inversely correlated with CIMT (adjusted r2=0.282, p<0.001), controlling for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and body mass index. For men, a similar pattern of associations was observed, but the associations were lost after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsOur results show that effort, overcommitment and ERI may be associated with early atherosclerosis predicted by CIMT in women, and reward is inversely related to CIMT.
Chorion Structure of Diapause and Subitaneous Eggs of Four Diaptomid Copepods (Calanoida, Diaptomidae): SEM Observations
Authors: Samchyshyna L. , Santer B. 
Published: July 2010

Chorion Structure of Diapause and Subitaneous Eggs of Four Diaptomid Copepods (Calanoida, Diaptomidae): SEM ObservationsScanning electron microscopic examination of diapause eggs of freshwater CalanoidaHemidiaptomus amblyodonMarenzeller,Eudiaptomus vulgaris(Schmeil),E. graciloides(Lilljeborg) and subitaneous one s ofE. gracilis(Sars) is described. The chorion surface ornamentation and number of coated layers are revealed. Diapause eggs have a thick (0.6-4.8 μ), at least two-layered chorion with patterned surface, whereas subitaneous eggs have a thin (0.13-0.25 μ), single-layered chorion with smooth surface. The mean number of eggs in egg sac, diameter of eggs and thickness of chorion were measured. The significance of the egg chorion thickness for diaptomid species inhabited temporary and/or permanent water-bodies is discussed.
Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation for vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Takahashi Masataka , Zhang Zhen-Du , Macdonald R. Loch 
Published: July 2010

Object
Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation activates perivascular vasodilatory nerves in the ipsilateral anterior circle of Willis. This experiment tested whether stimulation of the ganglion could reverse vasospasm and improve cerebral perfusion after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in monkeys.

Methods
Thirteen cynomolgus monkeys underwent baseline angiography followed by creation of SAH by placement of autologous blood against the right intradural internal carotid artery, the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and the anterior cerebral artery. Seven days later, angiography was repeated, and the right sphenopalatine ganglion was exposed microsurgically. Angiography was repeated 15 minutes after exposure of the ganglion. The ganglion was stimulated electrically 3 times, and angiography was repeated during and 15 and 30 minutes after stimulation. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored using laser Doppler flowmetry, and intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured throughout. The protocol was repeated again. Evans blue was injected and the animals were killed. The brains were removed for analysis of water and Evans blue content and histology.

Results
Subarachnoid hemorrhage was associated with significant vasospasm of the ipsilateral major cerebral arteries (23% ± 10% to 39% ± 4%; p < 0.05, paired t-tests). Exposure of the ganglion and sham stimulation had no significant effects on arterial diameters, ICP, or CBF (4 monkeys, ANOVA and paired t-tests). Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation dilated the ipsilateral extracranial and intracranial internal carotid artery, MCA, and anterior cerebral artery compared with the contralateral arteries (9 monkeys, 7% ± 9% to 15% ± 19%; p < 0.05, ANOVA). There was a significant increase in ipsilateral CBF. Stimulation had no effect on ICP or brain histology. Brain water content did not increase but Evans blue content was significantly elevated in the MCA territory of the stimulated hemisphere.

Conclusions
Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation decreased vasospasm and increased CBF after SAH in monkeys. This was associated with opening of the blood-brain barrier.
Fouilles et prospections à Rigny-Ussé (Indre-et-Loire), rapport préliminaire 1986-1991 / Excavation and fieldwork in the parish of Rigny-Ussé (Indre-et- Loire), 1986-1991 : interim report
Authors: Zadora-Rio Elisabeth , Galinié Henri , Baron Marie-Claude , Husi Philippe , Jouquand Anne-Marie , Martineau Marie-Christèle , Mascla Jean-Marcel , Poirot Agata , Rodier Xavier , Theureau Christian 
Published: July 2010

Field survey and trial trenches have revealed a dense occupation, between the Gallo-roman period and the eleventh century, of the plateau — in marked contrast to the post-medieval concentration of settlement in the valley of the Loire.
At Rigny the 11th- and 12th -century church, along with its cemetery, remained in use until the cult was transferred to Ussé in the middle of the last century. The excavation revealed three phases in the layout of its immediate environs. In the Middle Ages the cemetery (of a so farunknown extent) completely surrounded the church, and the burials were interspersed with inhabited houses. Its extent was then progressively reduced : at the end 15th or the beginning ot the 16th century burials were restricted to a limited area, and the separation of the living and the dead emphasized by the construction of a wall between it and the newly-built vicarage the final phase, in the second halfot the eighteenth century, saw further burials confined to a new enclosure laid out on the south side of the church.
L'habitat de La Tène ancienne sur la Z.A.C. Centre-ville de Bussy-Saint-Georges (Seine-et-Marne) - lère partie / Ancient La Tène occupation in the zac centre-ville at Bussy-Saint-Georges (Seine-et-Marne) - Part one
Authors: Buchez Nathalie , Gransar Frédéric , Matterne Véronique , Pernaud Jean Marie , Yvinec Jean-Hervé 
Published: July 2010

Les campagnes de sondages et de fouilles réalisées sur une ZAC de 150 hectares sur la commune
de Bussy-Saint-Georges ont permis de mettre en évidence, pour La Tène ancienne, plusieurs installations aux faciès structurels différenciés. Le site du "Champ Fleuri nord" représente un point d'ancrage de l'occupation. L'analyse spatiale des structures fouillées - trous de poteau, silos de petites, moyennes et grandes capacités -, et l'étude de la céramique conduit à restituer l'image d'un habitat ouvert, probablement occupé à plusieurs reprises sur un siècle à un siècle et demi.
Étude morphologique de la Chaussée Jules César dans le département du Val-d'Oise/ A morphological study of the Chaussée Jules César (Val-d'Oise, France)
Authors: Robert Sandrine 
Published: July 2010

En 1999 et 2000, une étude morphologique et des fouilles réalisées sur la Chaussée Jules César
dans le Val-d'Oise ont permis de renouveler les connaissances sur cet axe reconnu comme antique depuis le XVIe s. Replacer la voie dans son environnement et dans le temps (de l'Antiquité à aujourd'hui) permet de comprendre sa dynamique et son rôle dans le paysage. Cette approche par la morphologie prend en compte les différentes temporalités de la voie : de la permanence de l'itinéraire à la mobilité des tronçons et de la viabilité de la chaussée.
Les différences de salaires ouvriers entre industries en France
Authors: Silvestre Jean-Jacques 
Published: July 2010

Cet article étudie la structure des salaires moyens ouvriers dans l'industrie française en 1962. Les informations statistiques utilisées sont celles du recensement industriel de 1962.
L'étude se déroule en trois étapes. Dans une première étape, on recherche dans quelle mesure les différences de qualité de main-d'œuvre occupée (répartition par sexe, qualification moyenne) expliquent les différences de salaires entre industries. Le premier modèle, testé sur des échantillons plus ou moins désagrégés, conduit à un échec. L'échec du premier modèle testé conduit à étudier, dans une deuxième étape, une relation statistique entre niveau de salaire et productivité moyenne du travail ouvrier. Une telle relation statistique apparaît comme très significative à tous les niveaux de désagrégation. Une troisième étape permet de préciser la signification économique de la relation entre salaire et productivité du travail. On étudie alors la répartition de la valeur ajoutée entre les facteurs de production travail ouvrier, travail non ouvrier, capital dans les différentes industries.
Les disparités de salaires internes à la firme
Authors: Daubigney Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2010

This paper deals with internal wage differentiels, that must be studied again, because of former studies which emphasize the influence played by the firm in the determination of the wage level.
Internal wages differentials are defined as pay differentials between employees of a same firm. In theory, they resuit from the lack of balance between demand and supply for each occupation in the labor market of the firm. The influence of the firm in the determination of the wage level compells the economist to build up a new model in order to explain the wage differentials by refusing the principle of unicity of the labor market for all workers in all firms.
The hypothesis studied here is that these wage differentials are determined by this mecanism for each firm which an be considered as a perfect market : wage scattering are the results of various economic values of jobs.
We tested this hypothesis with the results of empirical researches about wage differentials and we found that we can't rely on this hypothesis.
Raymond Aron avant Raymond Aron (1923-1933)
Authors: Sirinelli Jean-François 
Published: July 2010

Raymond Aron before Raymond Aron (1923-1933), Jean-François Sirinelli.
How does one get born to oneself ? From brilliant student at the lycee Condorcet in the autumn of 1922 to French reader at the University of Cologne ten years later, Raymond Aron got his first political education as an intellectual while accumulating degrees at the Sorbonne and the Ecole Normale Superieure. Nothing exceptional. His school records and early writings show a « vaguely socialist » and « passionately pacifist» young man, a quasi-disciple of the philosopher Alain, at unison with his generation. He already had learned how to be himself and would soon refuse the dominant ideas. Raymond Aron was mature enough to become Raymond Aron on contemplating the Germany of Adolf Hitler and Max Weber. In the historic turbulence of the 1930s, a great intellectual emerged, the original « committed spectator».