bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of prostate cancer in Black African and Black Caribbean men: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Pedersen Vibe Hjelholt , Armes Jo , Ream Emma 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PC) is common and affects Black African and Caribbean men disproportionately more than White men. It is known that PC awareness is low in these groups, but knowledge is lacking about other factors that may deter Black men from seeking information about, or getting tested for, PC. The aim of this review was to appraise research on knowledge and perceptions of PC among Black men.MethodsFour medical and social science databases were systematically searched, and reference lists of relevant papers were hand searched. Non‐English publications were excluded. Qualitative findings were synthesised using comparative thematic analysis to which quantitative findings were integrated.ResultsThirteen qualitative studies and 20 cross‐sectional surveys were included. All except two were conducted in the USA. The analysis identified individual, cultural and social factors likely to impact on Black men's awareness of, and willingness to be tested for, PC. Black men's awareness of personal risk of PC varied greatly between studies. Misunderstandings regarding methods of diagnosis and treatment were widespread. PC testing and treatment were perceived as a threat to men's sense of masculinity. Mistrust of the health‐care system, limited access to health care and lack of trusting relationships with health professionals were also prominent.ConclusionThe factors impacting on Black men's awareness of PC may contribute to late PC diagnosis and should be taken into account when communicating with Black men seeking prostate care. Further, the review demonstrated a need for high‐quality studies in countries other than the USA to determine the relevance of the review findings for Black men in other nations and continents. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Getting back on track: evaluation of a brief group psychoeducation intervention for women completing primary treatment for breast cancer
Authors: Jones Jennifer M. , Cheng Terry , Jackman Maureen , Walton Tara , Haines Susan , Rodin Gary , Catton Pamela 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivePatients with breast cancer experience unmet informational and psychosocial needs at the end of treatment. A brief psychoeducational intervention delivered at this transition may help to address some of the challenges these women face. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a single‐session group psychoeducational intervention (GBOT group) compared with standard print material (usual care).MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 442 patients with breast cancer who were completing their adjuvant radiotherapy were recruited and randomized to receive either usual care, which includes standard print material (CRL group n = 226) or usual care and the GBOT group intervention (INT group n = 216). Participants completed measures at baseline and again at 3 and 6 months post‐intervention.ResultsThe INT group showed significant improvement in their knowledge regarding the re‐entry transition period (d = 0.31) and in their feelings of preparedness for re‐entry (d = 0.37). There were no differences between the groups over time on health‐related distress or mood.ConclusionsResults support the effectiveness of providing a single‐session group psychoeducational intervention as a first‐step approach to supportive care for women at the end of breast cancer treatment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular‐dynamics simulations of silicene nanoribbons under strain
Authors: İnce Alper , Erkoç Şakir 
Published: September 2011

AbstractStructural properties of silicene nanoribbons (SiNRs) of varying width have been investigated under 5% and 10% uniaxial strain via classical Molecular‐Dynamics simulations at 1 and 300 K temperatures by the aid of atomistic many‐body potential energy functions (PEFs). It has been found that under strain, SiNRs show such material properties: they are very ductile, with considerable toughness and a very long plastic range before fragmentation.magnified image
Behavior of silicene nanoribbon under uniaxial strain: 2D structure changes to 1D gradually. The figure shows the mid‐steps (steps #3–#5) of an eight‐step stain application.
The acute administration of the selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist SB‐277011A reverses conditioned place aversion produced by naloxone precipitated withdrawal from acute morphine administration in rats
Authors: Rice Onarae V. , Gardner Eliot L. , Heidbreder Christian A. , Ashby Charles R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe examined the effect of SB‐277011A, a selective D3 receptor antagonist, on the conditioned place aversion (CPA) response associated with naloxone‐induced withdrawal from acute morphine administration in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Morphine (5.6 mg/kg i.p.) was given, followed 4 hrs later by naloxone (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) and prior to placing the animals in one specific chamber of the test apparatus. All animals were subjected to 2 of these trials. A significant CPA occurred in animals that received an i.p. injection of vehicle 30 minutes prior to the measurement of chamber preference. The pretreatment of animals (30 minutes prior to testing) with 3 mg/kg i.p. of SB‐277011A did not significantly alter the CPA compared to animals treated with vehicle (1 ml/kg i.p. of deionized distilled water). In contrast, the acute pretreatment of animals with 6, 12 or 24 mg/kg i.p. of SB‐277011A significantly decreased the CPA compared to vehicle‐treated animals. In fact, the 12 and 24 mg/kg doses of SB‐277011A significantly increased the time spent in the chamber where animals were paired with morphine and naloxone. These results suggest that the selective antagonism of D3 receptors attenuates the CPA produced by a model of naloxone‐induced withdrawal from acute morphine dependence. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insights into the Sigma‐1 receptor Chaperone's cellular functions: A microarray report
Authors: Tsai Shang‐Yi , Rothman Richard Kyle , Su Tsung‐Ping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that Sig‐1Rs are critical regulators in neuronal morphogenesis and development via the regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial functions. In the present study, we sought to identify pathways and genes that are affected by Sig‐1R. Gene expression profiles were examined in rat hippocampal neurons that had been cultured for 18 days in vitro (DIV). The cells were transduced with AAV siRNA targeting Sig‐1R on DIV 10 for 7 days, followed by gene expression analysis using a rat genome cDNA array. The gene array results indicated that Sig‐1R knockdown hampered cellular functions including steroid biogenesis, protein ubiquitination, actin cytoskeleton network, and Nrf‐2 mediated oxidative stress. Many of the cellular components important for actin polymerization and synapse plasticity, including F‐actin capping protein and neurofilaments, were significantly changed in AAV‐siSig‐1R neurons. Further, cytochrome c was reduced in AAV‐Sig‐1R neurons whereas free‐radical generating enzymes including cytochrome p450 and cytochrome b‐245 were increased. The microarray results also suggest that Sig‐1Rs may regulate genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of many CNS diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These data further confirmed that Sig‐1Rs play critical roles in the CNS and thus these findings may aid in future development of therapeutic treatments targeting neurodegenerative disorders. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cervical Radiculopathy: A Review
Authors: Caridi John M. , Pumberger Matthias , Hughes Alexander P. 
Published: September 2011

Background Cervical radiculopathy is defined as a syndrome of pain and/or sensorimotor deficits due to compression of a cervical nerve root. Understanding of this disease is vital for rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients with this condition, facilitating their recovery and return to regular activity. Purpose This review is designed to clarify (1) the pathophysiology that leads to nerve root compression; (2) the diagnosis of the disease guided by history, physical exam, imaging, and electrophysiology; and (3) operative and non-operative options for treatment and how these should be applied. Methods The PubMed database was searched for relevant articles and these articles were reviewed by independent authors. The conclusions are presented in this manuscript. Results Facet joint spondylosis and herniation of the intervertebral disc are the most common causes of nerve root compression. The clinical consequence of radiculopathy is arm pain or paresthesias in the dermatomal distribution of the affected nerve and may or may not be associated with neck pain and motor weakness. Patient history and clinical examination are important for diagnosis. Further imaging modalities, such as x-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and electrophysiologic testing, are of importance. Most patients will significantly improve from non-surgical active and passive therapies. Indicated for surgery are patients with clinically significant motor deficits, debilitating pain that is resistant to conservative modalities and/or time, or instability in the setting of disabling radiculopathy. Surgical treatment options include anterior cervical decompression with fusion and posterior cervical laminoforaminotomy. Conclusion Understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment indications, and treatment techniques is essential for rapid diagnosis and care of patients with cervical radiculopathy.
Tendon Injury Produces Changes in SSCT and Nerve Physiology Similar to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in an in Vivo Rabbit Model
Authors: Moriya Tamami , Zhao Chunfeng , Cha Stephen S. , Schmelzer James D. , Low Phillip A. , An Kai-Nan , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: September 2011

Background The etiology of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) remains idiopathic in many cases. Noninflammatory fibrosis of the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) within the carpal tunnel is common in CTS, and some clinicians have hypothesized that this fibrosis might be a cause rather than an effect of CTS. An animal model in which to test this hypothesis would be useful. The principal objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a surgical injury on SSCT fibrosis and median nerve function within the carpal tunnel in an in vivo rabbit model. Methods Rabbits were sacrificed 12 weeks after surgery and were evaluated by mechanical testing, histology, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and electrophysiology. Results SSCT fibroblast density ( p<0.0001) and collagen fiber size ( p=0.0004) were significantly higher, and the median nerve distal motor amplitude was significantly lower ( p=0.0018), in the tendon injury group SSCT than in either the sham or control groups. Conclusions Our findings are similar to those seen in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and suggest that the tendon injury procedure may be the basis of a new animal model of SSCT injury and, possibly, CTS.
Childhood subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Yu , Chuang Yao‐Chia , Chiu Nan‐Chang , Chen Kuan‐Wen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSubacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (SIDP) is an acquired immune‐mediated peripheral polyneuropathy with clinical course between 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Rare childhood cases with SIDP had been described in the current literature. We report the first case of childhood SIDP in Taiwan with thorough clinical studies. All of the clinical presentations, laboratory data, electrophysiological studies, and image tools were compatible with childhood SIDP. Benign neurological recovery without relapse was correlated with electrophysiological evidence of demyelination predominantly.
Anterior discectomies and interbody cage fusion without plate fixation for 5‐level cervical degenerative disc disease: A 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Chu Cheng‐Wei , Kung Sui‐Sum , Tsai Tai‐Hsin , Huang Tzuu‐Yuan , Hwang Shiuh‐Lin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAnterior discectomy and interbody fusion have been proven to be a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease. Clinical results for 1‐ to 4‐level interbody cage fusion without plate fixation are encouraging. Five‐level cervical interbody cage fusion without plate fixation has not yet been previously reported. We report a 63‐year‐old female patient suffering from severe pain of the bilateral shoulders and left upper extremity with numbness and weakness of legs. Magnetic resonance imaging showed cervical degenerative disc herniation with cord compression between the levels of C2 and C7. Anterior cervical discectomy and interbody cage fusion without plate fixation were performed. Pain and neurological function improved dramatically after surgery. Asymptomatic subsidence of the cage occurred at the level of C6‐7 two months postoperatively with no further progression of subsidence 5 years postoperatively. Good stability of the cages was seen on flexion and extension radiographs 5 years postoperatively. We report the first case with good long‐term results of 5‐level interbody cage fusion without plate fixation for anterior cervical degenerative disc surgery.
Infective endocarditis detected by 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in a patient with occult infection
Authors: Yeh Chia‐Lu , Liou Jer‐Young , Chen Shih‐Wei , Chen Yen‐Kung 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntegrated 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) has been clinically used to detect infectious lesions. We present a case with pyrexia and bacteremia of unknown origin. Whole body FDG PET/CT was arranged to look for an occult source of infection and it revealed a focal lesion with increased FDG uptake in the mitral valve area. Under suspicion of infective endocarditis, transthoracic echocardiography was repeated and then the presence of linear vegetation over the calcified mitral annulus was confirmed. Ultimately, definite infective endocarditis was diagnosed according to the Duke criteria. The patient recovered after the antibiotic therapy. In our case, FDG PET/CT can help to localize the exact site of occult infection, thereby guiding additional testing and facilitating timely definitive diagnosis and therapy.
Climate-induced fluvial dynamics in tropical Africa around the last glacial maximum?
Authors: Sangen Mark , Neumann Katharina , Eisenberg Joachim 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe alluvia of the Ntem, Nyong and Sanaga fluvial systems in southern Cameroon recorded repeated fluvial activity fluctuations during the Late Pleistocene, including the last glacial maximum (LGM), the beginning of the African Humid Period and the northern hemispheric Bølling-Allerød. We applied a multi-proxy approach on alluvial stratigraphies dated between 22.4 and 13.0 cal ka BP, including remote sensing, sedimentological and morphogenetic methods, phytoliths, sponge spicules, 14C and δ13C data. A distinct NE–SW gradient of landscape and fluvial dynamics around the LGM can be drawn, with evidence for the persistence of extended fluvial rainforest refuges only in the Ntem catchment. The Sanaga and Nyong catchment areas were characterized by frequent channel migrations, floodplain reorganization and unstable vegetation subject to fire, including grasslands, woodlands, and gallery forests with bamboo thickets. In spite of increasing rainfall after 16.4 cal ka BP, persisting landscape instability played the major role for fluvial system dynamics, floodplain transformations and vegetation development until 13.0 cal ka BP, before a general landscape stabilization and rainforest expansion set in at the beginning of the Holocene.
Refeeding with a high-protein diet after a 48 h fast causes acute hepatocellular injury in mice
Authors: Oarada Motoko , Tsuzuki Tsuyoshi , Nikawa Takeshi , Kohno Shohei , Hirasaka Katsuya , Gonoi Tohru 
Published: September 2011

Elucidating the effects of refeeding a high-protein diet after fasting on disease development is of interest in relation to excessive protein ingestion and irregular eating habits in developed countries. The objective of the present study was to address the hepatic effects of refeeding a high-protein diet after fasting. Mice were fasted for 48 h and then refed with a test diet containing 3, 15, 35, 40, 45 or 50 % casein. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and liver immediate-early gene expression levels were sequentially measured for the first 24 h after initiation of refeeding. Refeeding with a 50 % casein diet after 48 h of fasting led to a rapid (within 2–3 h) and abnormal elevation in serum ALT (P = 0·006) and AST (P = 0·001) activities and a marked increase in liver Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ) osteosarcoma oncogene (P = 0·007) and nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (P = 0·002) mRNA levels. In contrast, refeeding of the 3, 15 or 35 % casein diets produced no substantial increases in serum ALT and AST activities in mice. Refeeding of 40, 45 or 50 % casein increased serum ALT and AST activities in proportion to this dietary casein content. In mice refed the 3, 15 or 35, but not 50 %, casein diets, liver heat shock protein 72 transcript levels greatly increased. We conclude from these data that the consumption of a high-protein diet after fasting causes acute hepatocellular injury in healthy animals, and propose that careful attention should be paid to the use of such diets.
Lactate and the GPR81 receptor in metabolic regulation: implications for adipose tissue function and fatty acid utilisation by muscle during exercise
Authors: Rooney Kieron , Trayhurn Paul 
Published: September 2011

Lactate is increasingly recognised to be more than a simple end product of anaerobic glycolysis. Skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue are considered to be the main sites of lactate production and release. Recent studies have demonstrated that there is a specific G-protein coupled receptor for lactate, GPR81, which is expressed primarily in adipose tissue, and also in muscle. Lactate inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue by mediating, through GPR81, the anti-lipolytic action of insulin. A high proportion (50 % or more) of the glucose utilised by white adipose tissue is converted to lactate and lactate production by the tissue increases markedly in obesity; this is likely to reflect a switch towards anaerobic metabolism with the development of hypoxia in the tissue. During exercise, there is a shift in fuel utilisation by muscle from lipid to carbohydrate, but this does not appear to be a result of the inhibition of lipolysis in the main adipose tissue depots by muscle-derived lactate. It is suggested instead that a putative autocrine lactate loop in myocytes may regulate fuel utilisation by muscle during exercise, operating via a muscle GPR81 receptor. In addition to being an important substrate, lactate is a key signal in metabolic regulation.
Diversity, distribution and biogeographical origins of Plasmodium parasites from the New Zealand bellbird (Anthornis melanura)
Authors: BAILLIE S. M. , BRUNTON D. H. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYUnderstanding the origin of invasive parasites and ecological transmission barriers on the distribution of mosquito-borne pathogens is enriched by molecular phylogenetic approaches now that large databases are becoming available. Here we assess the biogeographical relationships among haemosporidian blood parasites and an avian host, the New Zealand bellbird (Meliphagidae, Anthornis melanura). Four Plasmodium haplotypes were identified among 93 infected bellbirds (693 screened) using nested PCR of a mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene fragment. The most common lineage, LIN1 (11%), is confined to northern New Zealand and falls within a known clade of Plasmodium (subgenus Novyella) sp. infecting Australian meliphagids. LIN1 differs within that clade by 4 9% sequence divergence suggestive of an endemic lineage to New Zealand. The most widespread lineage, LIN2 (2%), is an exact match with a global cosmopolitan (P. elongatum GRW06). Two rare lineages, LIN3 and LIN4 are less abundant, geographically restricted within New Zealand and have <1% sequence divergence with P. (Novyella) sp. (AFTRU08) and P. relictum (LINOLI01) documented from Africa. For the first time, we provide invaluable information on possible rates of entry of invading parasites in New Zealand and their distribution from temperate to cold environments.
Which categories of social and lifestyle activities moderate the association between negative life events and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in Japan?
Authors: Katsumata Yuriko , Arai Asuna , Ishida Kozo , Tomimori Masashi , Lee Romeo B. , Tamashiro Hiko 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Social and lifestyle activities may serve as potential moderators of the association between negative life events (NLEs) and depressive symptoms among older adults. In this study, we examined whether social and lifestyle activities moderate the association between NLEs and depressive symptoms among older adults, and which activities are significant moderators.Methods: The data came from a community-based sample of non-institutionalized adults aged 65 years or older. Of the 731 eligible older adults, 682 completed the Japanese version of the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. We measured 15 specific negative life events as well as 17 social and lifestyle activities which were grouped into four categories.Results: Specific NLEs pertaining to human relationships, physical condition and financial status were all or were mostly associated with depressive symptoms. Significant moderating roles of social and lifestyle activities on the association of NLEs with depressive symptoms were observed between “loss of a significant other” and “contact with family members and friends” (β = −0.282, SE = 0.091, p = 0.002); “change in human relationships” and “contact with family members and friends” (β = −0.270, SE = 0.137, p = 0.048); and “change in human relationships” and “community involvement” (β = −0.344, SE = 0.133, p = 0.010).Conclusions: The most statistically significant variable moderating the associations between negative life events and depressive symptoms was “having frequent contact with family members”. Depressive symptoms arising from troublesome interpersonal relationships in one's proximal network might be moderated by positive interpersonal relationships.