bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplification‐ and Enzyme‐Free Magnetic Diagnostics Circuit for Whole‐Genome Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA
Authors: Rösch Enja Laureen , Sack Rebecca , Chowdhury Mohammad Suman , Wolgast Florian , Zaborski Margarete , Ludwig Frank , Schilling Meinhard , Viereck Thilo , Rand Ulfert , Lak Aidin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) requires thermal cycling and enzymatic reactions for sequence amplification, hampering their applications in point‐of‐care (POC) settings. Magnetic bioassays based on magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are isothermal, wash‐free, and can be quantitative. Realizing them amplification‐ and enzyme‐free on a benchtop device, they will become irreplaceable for POC applications. Here we demonstrate a first‐in‐class magnetic signal amplification circuit (MAC) that enables detection of whole genome of SARS‐CoV‐2 by combining the specificity of toehold‐mediated DNA strand displacement with the magnetic response of MNPs to declustering processes. Using MAC, we detect the N gene of SARS‐CoV‐2 samples at a concentration of 104 RNA copies/μl as determined by droplet digital PCR. Further, we demonstrate that MAC can reliably distinguish between SARS‐CoV‐2 and other human coronaviruses. Being a wash‐, amplification‐ and enzyme‐free biosensing concept and working at isothermal conditions (25 °C) on a low‐cost benchtop MPS device, our MAC biosensing concept offers several indispensable features for translating nucleic acid detection to POC applications.
A high‐throughput screen in mESCs to identify the cross‐talk between signaling, endocytosis, and pluripotency
Authors: Mote Ridim D. , Tiwari Mahak , Yadavalli Narayana , Rajan Raghav , Subramanyam Deepa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmbryonic stem cell fate is regulated by various cellular processes. Recently, the process of endocytosis has been implicated in playing a role in the maintenance of self‐renewal and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells. A previous siRNA‐based screen interrogated the function of core components of the endocytic machinery in maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, revealing a crucial role for clathrin mediated endocytosis. A number of other proteins involved in key signaling pathways have also been shown to both regulate and be regulated by endocytosis. We collated a list of 1141 genes in connection to the term “endocytosis” from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO), excluding those previously interrogated, and examined the effect of their knockdown on the pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) using levels of green fluorescent protein driven by the Oct4 promoter. We used high‐throughput screening followed by an automated MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB)‐based analysis pipeline and assessed changes in GFP fluorescence as a readout for ESC pluripotency. Through this screen we identified a number of genes, many hitherto not associated with stem cell pluripotency, which upon knockdown either resulted in a significant increase or decrease of GFP fluorescence. We further present validation for some of these hits. We present a workflow aimed to identify genes involved in signaling pathways which can be regulated by endocytosis, and that affect the pluripotency of ESCs.
DRESS syndrome without eosinophilia presented with extensive skin rash and acute respiratory failure
Authors: Chaisrimaneepan Nattanicha , Pruneda Corley , Elmassry Marwan , Abdelnabi Mahmoud 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case demonstrated the complex pathophysiology of DRESS syndrome presenting with latent human herpes virus infection reactivation due to exposure to sulfasalazine and/or hydroxychloroquine. Patients who do not initially fulfill the diagnostic criteria on admission may evolve and eventually fulfill the criteria. Steroid dose tapering is required to prevent flaring.
Mechanistic Insights into the Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Allylic Alkynylation Reaction
Authors: Hünemörder Paul , Alvarez Gustavo , Gräber Leo , Logotheti Maria , Höhne Matthias , Mejía Esteban 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAllylic functionalization reactions are an important tool for constructing many organic compounds, as they allow for the insertion of the versatile allyl group. Numerous catalytic processes have been developed, primarily utilizing noble metals such as palladium and pre‐functionalized substrates. Conversely, the copper‐catalyzed oxidative C−H derivatization route, whether thermal or photocatalyzed, remains relatively underdeveloped. This is mostly due to the lack of a general concept and corresponding mechanistic understanding. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of this transformation. We utilized a range of spectroscopic techniques, including UV‐Vis, NMR, and EPR, single crystal x‐ray diffraction, as well as cyclovoltammetry, and DFT calculations. We propose that there are no free organic radicals involved in this cross‐dehydrogenative coupling, and that the reaction pathway is analogous to the well‐known Karash‐Sosnovsky reaction.
Nitrogen Fixation by Manganese Complexes – Waiting for the Rush?
Authors: Le Dé Quentin , Valyaev Dmitry A. , Simonneau Antoine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractManganese is currently experiencing a great deal of attention in homogeneous catalysis as a sustainable alternative to platinum group metals due to its abundance, affordable price and low toxicity. While homogeneous nitrogen fixation employing well‐defined transition metal complexes has been an important part of coordination chemistry, manganese derivatives have been only sporadically used in this research area. In this contribution, the authors systematically cover manganese organometallic chemistry related to N2 activation spanning almost 60 years, identify apparent pitfalls and outline encouraging perspectives for its future development.
The Diversity and Evolution of Chiral Brønsted Acid Structures
Authors: Handjaya Jasemine P. , Patankar Niraja , Reid Jolene P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chemical space of chiral Brønsted acid catalysts is defined by quantity and complexity, reflecting the diverse synthetic challenges confronted and the innovative molecular designs introduced. Here, we detail how this successful outcome is a powerful demonstration of the benefits of utilizing both local structure searches and a comprehensive understanding of catalyst performance for effective and efficient exploration of Brønsted acid properties. In this concept article we provide an evolutionary overview of this field by summarizing the approaches to catalyst optimization, the resulting structures, and functions.
Metastatic germ cell tumors in serous cavities and cerebrospinal fluid: A single‐center experience
Authors: Hou Tieying , Collins Katrina , Liang Guohua , Segura Sheila E. , Ulbright Thomas M. , Mesa Hector , Cramer Harvey M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) involving body cavity effusions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are rare. Diagnosis is challenging because of limited morphological and clinicopathological information in the literature.MethodsA database search of our institution from 1990 to 2024 identified 27 cases of metastatic GCTs, comprising five pediatric and 22 adolescent and adult patients, in serous cavities or the CSF, including peritoneal (15), pleural (nine), CSF (two), and pericardial (one) fluid.ResultsThe most common primary site was the testis (n = 10), followed by the ovaries (n = 7), mediastinum (n = 4), retroperitoneum (n = 3), pineal gland (n = 2), and sacrum/coccyx (n = 1). The primary tumors in 14 patients were mixed GCTs (six with a seminoma component), followed by immature teratomas (six), yolk sac tumors (three), embryonal carcinomas (two), pure seminomas (one), and postpubertal teratomas (one). The median interval between primary tumor diagnosis and diagnosis of fluid positivity was 7 months (range: 0–134 months). In nine cases, the malignant fluid was diagnosed simultaneously with or within 1 month of the primary tumor. GCT subtyping was performed on 23 of the 27 cytological specimens. Twenty‐four patients (89%) also had metastases to other sites. Thirteen patients died of the disease (48%), with a median survival time of 4 months.ConclusionsMetastatic GCTs in serous effusions and CSF are often associated with disseminated disease and poor prognosis. Subtyping can be performed by cytomorphology combined with immunohistochemistry.
Leapfrogging vortex rings for the three‐dimensional incompressible Euler equations
Authors: Dávila Juan , Pino Manuel del , Musso Monica , Wei Juncheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA classical problem in fluid dynamics concerns the interaction of multiple vortex rings sharing a common axis of symmetry in an incompressible, inviscid three‐dimensional fluid. In 1858, Helmholtz observed that a pair of similar thin, coaxial vortex rings may pass through each other repeatedly due to the induced flow of the rings acting on each other. This celebrated configuration, known as leapfrogging, has not yet been rigorously established. We provide a mathematical justification for this phenomenon by constructing a smooth solution of the 3D Euler equations exhibiting this motion pattern.
Effect of Food, Crushing of Tablets, and Antacid Coadministration on Maribavir Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Adult Participants: Results From 2 Phase 1, Open‐Label, Randomized, Crossover Studies
Authors: Sun Kefeng , Ilic Katarina , Xu Peixin , Ye Ran , Wu Jingyang , Song Ivy H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe effect of food composition, tablet crushing, and antacid coadministration on maribavir pharmacokinetics was assessed in 2 Phase 1 studies in healthy adults. In the first, a single maribavir 400‐mg dose was administered under fasting conditions, with a low‐fat/low‐calorie or a high‐fat/high‐calorie meal. In the second, a single maribavir 100‐mg dose was administered under fasting conditions, as a crushed tablet, or as a whole tablet alone or with an antacid. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratios were within 80%‐125% for area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC), but not for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for low‐fat/low‐calorie and high‐fat/high‐calorie meals versus fasting or for whole tablet with antacid versus whole tablet alone. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratios for AUC and Cmax were within 80%‐125% for crushed versus whole tablet. Maribavir median time to Cmax value in plasma under fed conditions was delayed versus fasting conditions, but there was no statistical difference for crushed versus whole tablet or with versus without antacid. As the antiviral efficacy of maribavir is driven by AUC but not Cmax, findings suggest that maribavir can be administered with food or antacids or as a crushed tablet.
Goal‐Directed Treatment of Patients With Anxiety and Mood Disorders in a Regular Curative Mental Health Care Setting
Authors: van Santen‐Bauer Paulette Regina , de Beurs Edwin , Deen Mathijs , Korrelboom Kees , van der Heiden Colin 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examined whether goal‐directed treatment leads to improved treatment outcomes for patients with a primary mood or anxiety disorder and whether beneficial outcomes are achieved sooner compared to treatment as usual. In a quasi‐experimental controlled study with a nested design, 17 therapists received training in goal‐directed treatment and treated 105 patients with anxiety or mood disorders using principles of goal‐directed treatment. Treatment results on a generic self‐report instrument were compared with two control groups: a historical control group consisting of 16 of the 17 participating therapists, who provided treatment as usual to 97 patients before having received training in goal‐directed treatment, and a parallel control group consisting of various therapists, who provided treatment as usual to 105 patients. Symptom reduction on a self‐report measure was compared using multilevel analysis. A survival analysis was performed to assess whether a satisfactory end state had been reached sooner after goal‐directed treatment. The results of this study show that goal‐directed treatment only led to a significantly better overall treatment outcome compared to the parallel treatment as usual group. Furthermore, goal‐directed treatment was significantly shorter than both treatment as usual groups. In conclusion, this research suggest that goal‐directed treatment led to a similar or better treatment outcome in a shorter amount of time.
Analysis of integrated magnetics for input series output series DC–DC converter
Authors: Ali Yaqoob , Zheng Yan , Khan Muhammad Mansoor , Ali Abdar , Jing Zhao 
Published: May 2024

SummaryMulti‐module isolated converters (MMICs) find extensive applications in various DC–DC applications owing to their exceptional features of galvanic isolation, bidirectional power flow, high‐power density, and enhanced efficiency. However, voltage and current sharing among the converter modules are the most significant issues in MMICs. This paper proposes multiport integrated‐magnetics transformers (MpIMTs) which address the input–output DC‐link voltage imbalances within an ISOS converter. The proposed transformers ensure the input voltage sharing (IVS) and output voltage sharing (OVS) through balancing windings within their structures, thus substitutes the complicated active control scheme with the balancing winding. Besides, the input side and output side modules are decoupled from each other; thus, the impact of parameters variation and intermodule energy transfer during a transient of one side does not reflect to the other side. These properties are achieved by proposing a custom‐designed core and an off the shelf available U‐core assembled MpIMTs. The magnetic and electrical equivalent circuit along with the design criteria of the balancing winding are also presented. Furthermore, the paper includes the comparative analysis of the proposed transformers which reveals that while the U‐core MpIMT offers simplified construction, it comes at the expense of slightly reduced efficiency compared with the custom‐designed MpIMT. Finally, the proposed U‐core MpIMT is validated through a laboratory prototype.
The role of long non‐coding RNAs in the development of diabetic kidney disease and the involved clinical application
Authors: Hou Qizhuo , Yi Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes, is increasing in prevalence worldwide and can lead to End‐stage renal disease. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of the pathophysiology of DKD, and both current clinical diagnostic methods and treatment strategies have drawbacks. According to recent research, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are intimately linked to the developmental process of DKD and could be viable targets for clinical diagnostic decisions and therapeutic interventions. Here, we review recent insights gained into lncRNAs in pathological changes of DKD such as mesangial expansion, podocyte injury, renal tubular injury, and interstitial fibrosis. We also discuss the clinical applications of DKD‐associated lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, as well as their limitations and challenges, to provide new methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of DKD.
Combining mesocosms with models reveals effects of global warming and ocean acidification on a temperate marine ecosystem
Authors: Ullah Hadayet , Fordham Damien A. , Goldenberg Silvan U. , Nagelkerken Ivan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOcean warming and species exploitation have already caused large‐scale reorganization of biological communities across the world. Accurate projections of future biodiversity change require a comprehensive understanding of how entire communities respond to global change. We combined a time‐dynamic integrated food web modeling approach (Ecosim) with previous data from community‐level mesocosm experiments to determine the independent and combined effects of ocean warming, ocean acidification and fisheries exploitation on a well‐managed temperate coastal ecosystem. The mesocosm parameters enabled important physiological and behavioral responses to climate stressors to be projected for trophic levels ranging from primary producers to top predators, including sharks. Through model simulations, we show that under sustainable rates of fisheries exploitation, near‐future warming or ocean acidification in isolation could benefit species biomass at higher trophic levels (e.g., mammals, birds, and demersal finfish) in their current climate ranges, with the exception of small pelagic fishes. However, under warming and acidification combined, biomass increases at higher trophic levels will be lower or absent, while in the longer term reduced productivity of prey species is unlikely to support the increased biomass at the top of the food web. We also show that increases in exploitation will suppress any positive effects of human‐driven climate change, causing individual species biomass to decrease at higher trophic levels. Nevertheless, total future potential biomass of some fisheries species in temperate areas might remain high, particularly under acidification, because unharvested opportunistic species will likely benefit from decreased competition and show an increase in biomass. Ecological indicators of species composition such as the Shannon diversity index decline under all climate change scenarios, suggesting a trade‐off between biomass gain and functional diversity. By coupling parameters from multilevel mesocosm food web experiments with dynamic food web models, we were able to simulate the generative mechanisms that drive complex responses of temperate marine ecosystems to global change. This approach, which blends theory with experimental data, provides new prospects for forecasting climate‐driven biodiversity change and its effects on ecosystem processes.
Effects of microclimate on disease prevalence across an urbanization gradient
Authors: Fox Quinn N. , Farah Keiko N. , Shaw Olivia S. , Pollowitz Michelle , Sánchez‐Conde Armando , Goodson Carrie , Penczykowski Rachel M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreased temperatures associated with urbanization (the “urban heat island” effect) have been shown to impact a wide range of traits across diverse taxa. At the same time, climatic conditions vary at fine spatial scales within habitats due to factors including shade from shrubs, trees, and built structures. Patches of shade may function as microclimate refugia that allow species to occur in habitats where high temperatures and/or exposure to ultraviolet radiation would otherwise be prohibitive. However, the importance of shaded microhabitats for interactions between species across urbanized landscapes remains poorly understood. Weedy plants and their foliar pathogens are a tractable system for studying how multiple scales of climatic variation influence infection prevalence. Powdery mildew pathogens are particularly well suited to this work, as these fungi can be visibly diagnosed on leaf surfaces. We studied the effects of shaded microclimates on rates of powdery mildew infection on Plantago host species in (1) “pandemic pivot” surveys in which undergraduate students recorded shade and infection status of thousands of plants along road verges in urban and suburban residential neighborhoods, (2) monthly surveys of plant populations in 22 parks along an urbanization gradient, and (3) a manipulative field experiment directly testing the effects of shade on the growth and transmission of powdery mildew. Together, our field survey results show strong positive effects of shade on mildew infection in wild Plantago populations across urban, suburban, and rural habitats. Our experiment suggests that this relationship is causal, where microclimate conditions associated with shade promote pathogen growth. Overall, infection prevalence increased with urbanization despite a negative association between urbanization and tree cover at the landscape scale. These findings highlight the importance of taking microclimate heterogeneity into account when establishing links between macroclimate or land use context and prevalence of disease.
A novel electrochemical labeled immunosensor for the detection of gliadin based on graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Şenol Betül , Koyuncu Zeybek Derya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, a labeled electrochemical immunosensor was developed to determine gliadin protein. Herein, the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface was modified by the graphene oxide (GO) dispersion followed by electrochemical deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Anti‐gliadin antibody (Gli‐Ab1) was immobilized on this electrode (GCE/GO/AgNPs); subsequently, this platform was incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prevent non‐specific interactions. Gliadin antigen (Gli) followed by horseradish peroxidase‐labeled secondary antibody (HRP−Ab2) solutions were added to the GCE/GO/AgNPs/Gli‐Ab1/BSA immunosensor surface. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was utilized to investigate the surface properties of the prepared electrodes, and cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques were utilized to investigate their electrochemical properties. The experimental conditions have been optimized to form the appropriate immunosensor structure. The gliadin antigen was determined using DPV after the HRP enzyme substrates (hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide) were added to the electrochemical cell. The gliadin protein′s linear working range was 0.5–200 μg mL−1. The subjected immunosensor displayed convenient reproducibility and selectivity to the possible interfering substances.
Effect of jujube powder addition on the aroma profile of quinoa snacks (QS)
Authors: Song Jianxin , Liu Jiayi , Wang Kaile , Gao Lei , Wang Xiaodong , Peng Jian , Wang Ning 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuinoa is a full‐nutrition food; however, its poor flavor and small size make it not the best food option for direct consumption. In this study, a quinoa snack (QS, a cake) was developed, and the aroma profile of the products was improved by adding jujube fruit powder (made from dried jujube fruits, from 5% to 30%). Gas chromatography mass spectrum (GC–MS) combined with electronic nose (e‐nose) was applied for characterizing the aroma profiles of QS samples. Results showed a total of 26 aroma compounds were identified in QS samples by GC–MS, and 3‐methylbutanol (from 1525 μg/kg in QS‐30 to 3487 μg/kg in QS‐0), ethanol (from 1126 μg/kg in QS‐0 to 3581 μg/kg in QS‐30), hexanal (from 125.6 μg/kg in QS‐30 to 984.1 μg/kg in QS‐0), and acetaldehyde (from 531.9 μg/kg in QS‐30 to 191.1 μg/kg in QS‐0) were common. The e‐nose response of W1S (sensitive to methane, from 17.50 of QS‐0 to 93.85 of QS‐30) and W1W (sensitive to sulfur‐organic compounds of e‐nose, from 15.57 of QS‐0 to 39.50 of QS‐30) were significantly higher, and significant differences were presented among QS samples. In conclusion, the aroma profile of the QS sample was significantly (p < .05) enhanced by the addition of jujube powder, and QS‐30 with the highest jujube content (30%) presented the strongest aroma profile. Moreover, QS samples with different additions of jujube powders could be well distinguished by principal component analysis (PCA), and the combination of e‐nose and GC–MS was effective in the volatile profile analysis of QS samples.