bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between gingival crevicular fluid dipeptidyl peptidase II and IV activity and periodontal attachment loss. A 2–year longitudinal study in chronic periodontitis patients
Authors: Eley BM , Cox SW 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) II or IV levels, total activity (TA) and concentration (EC), predict progressive attachment loss (AL). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventy five patients with moderate periodontitis were recruited. GCF was first collected from 16 molar and premolar mesiobuccal sites and then probing attachment level (PAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were measured with an electronic probe. Finally, gingival index, gingival bleeding and plaque indices were scored. Patients were given basic periodontal treatment prior to baseline after which the above procedures were repeated. Patients were seen 3 monthly for 2 years and the procedures were repeated. Carefully localised radiographs were taken of the test teeth annually.RESULTS: One hundred and twenty AL sites, 88 rapid AL (RAL) and 32 gradual AL (GrAL), in 48 patients were detected. DPP It and IV levels (TA and EC) at RAL sites were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.0001) than paired control sites at the attachment loss time (ALT) and prediction time (PT). Mean levels over the study period of both proteases (TA and EC) at GrAL sites were significantly higher (P≤ 0.0001) than paired control sites. The GCF levels of DPP IV were always slightly higher than those of DPP II. Critical values (CV) of 5 μU per 30 s (TA) and 25 μU μPI‐1 (EC) for both proteases showed high sensitivity and specificity values for TA and EC and these were the same at both ALT and PT. The positive predictive values were slightly higher for DPP II. Mean site DPP II and IV levels (TA and EC) in intra‐patient comparisons were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.0001) at RAL and GrAL sites than non‐attachment loss (NAL) sites in AL patients and mean patient levels were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.0001) in AL patients than NAL patients in inter‐patient comparisons.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that both GCFDPP II and IV may be predictors of periodontal attachment loss.
Collagenases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: a functional balance in tissue degradation
Authors: Reynolds JJ 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Members of the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs; also called collagenases or matrixins) are key enzymes in matrix degradation. They function at neutral pH and can digest synergistically all the matrix macromolecules. Biochemical and clonal studies indicate that there are three major groups: the specific collagenases cleave interstitial collagens; the gelatinases degrade types IV, V, VII and XI collagens and act synergistically with collagenases by degrading denatured collagens (gelatins): and the stromelysins have broader specificity and can degrade basement membrane collagens as well as proteoglycans and matrix gly‐coproteins. Others not in these groups are matrilysin, metalloelastase and a recently cloned membrane‐bound metalloproteinase. MMPs are Zn2+‐ and Ca2+‐requiring endopeptidases and are secreted in a latent proform: activation involves the loss of a propeptide.Naturally occurring inhibitors, TlMPs (Tissue Inhibitors of MetalloProteinases), are important controlling factors in the actions of MMPs, and tissue destruction in disease processes often correlates with an imbalance of MMPs over TIMPs. The major inhibitor is TIMP‐I (or TIMP), a 30‐kDa glycoprotein that is synthesised by most cells. A second unglycosylated inhibitor, TIMP‐2, which is less abundant, has the interesting property of binding to the proform of gelatinase A and is involved in controlling its activation.BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS: The expression of MMPs and TlMPs by cells is regulated by many cytokines (particularly interleukin‐I, IL‐I), growth factors and hormones, some of which are specific to cell type and others that are ubiquitous (eg transforming growth factor β, TGF‐β). Many of these factors are products of monocytes/macrophages and their production in inflammatory situations is therefore part of the chain of events leading to tissue degradation. From many recent studies it seems that tissue destruction, both physiological and pathological, is correlated with an imbalance of inhibitors over proteinases. We proposed that one way in which pathogenic organisms might mediate tissue degradation in periodontal diseases is through the ability of cell wall antigens to stimulate cytokine production by circulating mononuclear cells. These would then induce MMP synthesis by resident gingival cells (or by the mononuclear cells themselves), thereby initiating degradative events. We have identified MMPs in human gingival biopsy specimens by using specific poly‐clonal antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence. Their distributions are extremely variable, both in the connective tissue and the epithelium, but the results indicate that host cell production of MMPs may contribute to tissue degradation in periodontal disease. TIMP could also be found in some situations and could be a limiting factor.
Peroxidases, Iactoferrin and lysozyme in peripheral blood neutrophils, gingival crevicular fluid and whole saliva of patients with localized juvenile periodontitis
Authors: Suomalainen K , Saxén L , Vilja P , Tenovuo J 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association of selected non‐immune antimicrobial host factors (peroxidases, lysozyme and lactoferrin) to the localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) disease status.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peroxidases, lysozyme and lactoferrin were quantitated from seven patients with LJP before and after periodontal therapy. Analyses were performed from simultaneously collected samples of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF from diseased sites) and paraffin‐stimulated whole saliva. Similar assays were done also from seven periodontally healthy controls.RESULTS During untreated phase of LIP myeloperoxid‐ase, lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations were remarkably elevated in peripheral blood PMNs, also reflected in their high concentrations in GCF. All these values normalised with respect to healthy controls during the periodontal therapy. No similar longitudinal changes were seen in whole saliva but during therapy salivary per‐oxidase concentrations declined below the control values, in accordance with our previous observations in parotid saliva samples of LJP patients.CONCLUSIONS: In LJP the concentrations of lysozyme, lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase are significantly elevated in peripheral blood PMNs, also reflected in GCF. During periodontal therapy these values decline and approach those observed in healthy controls. No similar changes are seen in stimulated whole saliva.
Apoptosis‐associated proteins in oral hairy leukoplakia
Authors: Chrysomali E , Greenspan JS , Dekker N , Greenspan D , Regezi JA 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the anti‐apop totic ability of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) may result in altered expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins in oral hairy leukoplakia (HL), we evaluated HL tissue and normal epithelium for these proteins by immunohistochemistry.MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens of HL lesions and six spedmens of normal control mucosa were selected from archived tissue specimens. Bcl‐2. Bcl‐x, Bax and p53 apoptoris‐associated proteins were evaluated in immu‐nohistochemically stained tissue sections according to staining intensity and pattern. The percentage of p53‐positive burl cells was estimated in sequential fields.RESULTS: Generalty, there were only slight differences in the expression of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐x proteins in the epithelium of HL and control tissue. The staining for Bcl‐2 was weaker in keratinocytes than in putative melano‐cytes and Langerhans cells. Equivocal diffuse cytoplasmic staining of prickle cells was also noted. Keratinocytes throughout the epithelium stained positively for Bcl‐x protein, although upper layers were more weakly stained. The ‘balloon’ keratinocytes in HL were infrequently positive for Bcl‐x. Bax staining in HL differed from that in control tissue in being more heterogeneous. The staining reaction in HL was weak to negative in upper epithelial levels where ‘balloon’ keratinocytes were located. Weak to moderate nuclear p53 protein staining was detected in a mean of 25.3% of basal keratinocytes in all but one of the HL specimens; weak staining was seen in only two control specimens.CONCLUSIONS: We found only slight immunohistochemid evidence that expression of the apoptosis‐associated proteins is altered in HL. p53 appears to be over‐expressed in HL; we speculate that this may be related to upregulation or stabilization of wild‐type p53 protein related to EBV infedon.
Angioedema and swellings of the orofacial region
Authors: Rees SR , Gibson J. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Patients may have various forms of angioedema and require dental treatment which can cause or contribute to the onset of an episode of angioedema. This paper seeks to highlight the causes and the management of this serious condition.DESIGN: An outline of the different types of angioedema is given here, along with three case reports which illustrate treatment and management.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three patients who presented to an Oral Medicine clinic with angioedema are presented to illustrate various types of angioedema and the different contributing factors that precipitated episodes of the condition.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The three patients were all investigated for biochemical and allergic factors which may have caused their disease.RESULTS: Both drugs and dental materials were shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of angioedema in this short series of patients.CONCLUSIONS: Dental treatment or the use of some materials may promote or contribute to the disorder. Referral to hospital for specialist care is indicated for certain groups of patients who require invasive dental treatment. The multi‐disciplinary team approach in the investigation and management of patients with angioedema is emphasised.
Oral lichenoid drug eruptions
Authors: McCartan BE , McCreary CE 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To identify, from amongst drugs reported as causing lichenoid drug eruptions, those affecting the oral mucous membranes and to review the clinical, histo‐logical and immunological features of such oral lichenoid drug eruptions in comparison to oral lichen planus, amalgam contact lesions and lichen planus‐like eruption in graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD).DATA SOURCES: Ovid® Medline data searches on CD‐Rom were carried out for the years 1966–1996 to identify reports of oral lichenoid drug eruptions and their clinical, histological and immunological featureS. Articles retrieved were examined for further appropriate references in the period 1940–1996.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Each paper was critically examined for evidence of a clinically verifiable lichenoid drug eruption affecting the oral mucous membranes and the effects of subsequent drug withdrawal. Available clinical, histological and immunological features were recorded. The papers examined were too diverse in nature to permit a structured criticism. The extracted data have been tabulated where appropriate.CONCLUSIONS: The reports of oral lichenoid drug eruptions are considerably fewer than those of cutaneous eruptions and fewer drugs have been reported as causing oral rather than cutaneous lichenoid eruptionS. Histology and immunology cannot be used reliably to differentiate lichenoid drug eruptions from idiopathic lichen planus, amalgam contact lesions and lichen planus‐like eruption in GVHD. Lichenoid drug eruptions may also show some histological characteristics of oral discoid lupus erythematosuS. An accepted protocol agreed by a number of international centres would permit the gathering of substantial information on LDE and could lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved.
Diurnal variation of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity during DMBA‐induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis
Authors: Lin L‐M , Chen YK 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to assess the diurnal variation of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) during 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The right buccal pouches of 108 Syrian golden hamsters, divided into three experimental groups, were treated three times weekly with 0.5% DMBA in mineral oil over an 11‐week treatment regimen. The left buccal pouches were untreated and served as the controlS. Within each group, six animals were killed at 4‐h intervals (04.00, 08.00, 12.00, 16.00, 20.00 and 24.00) for 24 h. GGT histochemical stain, according to the method of Ruthenberg and coworkers, was applied. The number of GGT‐positive foci in the pouch mucosa was recorded at 3, 7 and 11 experimental weeks.RESULT: Diurnal variation of GGT histochemical activity during DMBA‐induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis was substantiated in the present study.CONCLUSION: This investigation highlights the importance of the diurnal variation in experimental oral carcinogenesis.
Comparison of in vitro proliferative capacity of human periodontal ligament cells in juvenile and aged donors
Authors: Nishimura F. , Terranova VP , Braithwaite M. , Orman R. , Ohyama H. , Mineshiba J. , Chou HH , Takashiba S. , Murayama Y. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the in vitro proliferative capacity of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells from aged and juvenile donors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flow‐cytometric analysis of the cell cycle was used to compare the length of each cell cycle, and the ratio of the cells progressing through the cycles between four PDL cells from juvenile donors and four cells from aged donors. Then, replicative capacity of the PDL cells from three juvenile and three aged donors was compared by serial cultureS. Finally, expression of c‐fos was compared between cells proliferating and cells which had reached senescent.RESULTS: Flow‐cytometric analysis of the cell cycle had revealed that although there were no differences in the length of each phase of the cell cycle, significant differences were found in the ratio of the cells entering from Gap 1 to DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle (P< 0.025).Replicative capacity was much longer in two cells from juvenile donors (about 20 population doublings), while all cells from aged donors showed short dividing abilities (less than eight population doublings), hence entered senescent phases shortly. Additionally, no c‐fos was detected in cells which had reached senescence upon stimulation with serum.CONCLUSIONS: It is generally believed that aged humans have an impaired wound healing ability. We believe that more fibrotic PDL tissues seen in aged humans might be the reason for this, and suggest that this phenomena might be due to the progressive accumulation of senescent cell populations.
Characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis patients with self‐reported sicca symptoms: evaluation of medical, salivary and oral parameters
Authors: Jensen JL , Uhlig T. , Kvien TK , Axéll T. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of sicca symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)‐patients, and to evaluate medical, salivary, and oral parameters in matched subgroups of patients with and without sicca symptoms as well as in healthy controls.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The prevalence of self‐reported sicca symptoms was examined by a postal questionnaire in a representative cohort of RA‐patients (n = 105, aged 52–74 years, disease duration 10–20 years, 77% females, 56% RF‐positive).Patient subgroups and controls (9–10 in each group) underwent examinations of disease activity, blood analyses, tests of tear and salivary secretion, and examination of oral mucosa and microflora. Analyses of salivary acidic proline‐rich proteins (PRPs), statherin and histatins were performed.RESULTS: One or more sicca symptoms were reported by 65% of RA‐patientS. Sicca patients (having ≥4 sicca symptoms) had a more active and severe disease with higher scores for disability, fatigue and tender joints than patients without such symptomS. Other significant findings in the sicca group were lower values of unstimulated whole saliva, output of PRPs, statherin and histatins in submandibular saliva, and higher counts of oral Candida species.CONCLUSIONS: Sicca symptoms were prevalent in RA.Qualitative and quantitative salivary tests distinguished between sicca and non‐sicca RA‐patients, though overlap was considerable for some parameters.
The use of acupuncture in dentistry: a review of the scientific validity of published papers
Authors: Rosted P 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To review the scientific validity of published papers on the efficacy of acupuncture in dentistry based on predefined methodological criteria. MATERIALS: A literature search performed by the Royal Society of Medicine and the University Library, Copenhagen, Denmark was able to identify 74 papers written in English, German, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Italian, French and Russian published between 1966 and 1996. The search words were: acupuncture and electro‐acupuncture, randomised controlled trials (RCT), dental pain, postoperative dental pain, painrelieving in dentistry, and dental analgesia. Among the 74 listed papers, 48 papers were reviewed in the following languages: English, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and German. Fifteen papers were excluded because they were written in French, Italian or Russian; 11 papers were excluded because the abstract clearly indicated the paper was not a RCT or the paper was of a general nature without relevance to acupuncture.METHODS: To assess the methodological quality of the included papers, all papers were scored on the basis of predefined criteria. A total of 92 points could be achieved and on the basis of this scale papers were rated as: Excellent (85–100%), Good (70–84%), Fair (60–69%) and Bad (<60%).MAIN OUTCOME: Fifteen out of 48 papers met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS: Only one study met the criteria with more than 85%. Five studies met the criteria with 70–84%. Three studies met the criteria with 60–69%. Six studies did not meet the criteria. Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the treatment of tempero‐mandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia. Four studies showed no effect of acupuncture.CONCLUSION: The value of acupuncture as an analgesic must be questioned. The effect of acupunctutre in treating TMD and facial pain seems real and acupuncture could be a valuable alternative to orthodox treatment.
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases level and collagenase activity in gingival crevicular fluid: the relevance to periodontal diseases
Authors: Nomura T , Ishii A , Oishi Y , Kohma H , Hara K 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To provide an overall assessment of levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), collagenase activities, and of immuno‐reactivities for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐1 and ‐8 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) obtained from healthy subjects, and gingivitis and periodontitis patients, and to analyse the relationships between periodontal tissue destruction and the GCF components in periodontal diseases by principal component analysis.MATERIALS AND METHODS:GCF was sampled with sterile paper strips from 10 gingivitis and 11 periodontitis patients. Ten volunteers served as clinically healthy controls. TIMP‐I and ‐2 protein amounts in GCF were measured by ELISA, and active and APMA‐activatable collagenase activities were determined by functional assays using image‐analysis after SDS‐PAGE.RESULTS:GCF TIMP‐I level and both active and latent collagenase activities were significantly higher in the diseased groups than in the healthy group. TIMP‐2 was detectable in only 29% of all subjects (mean: 2.06 ng). Western blot analysis showed that MMP‐8 was the major interstitial collagenase in the GCF of the diseased groups. Principal component analysis using clinical parameters and the GCF components has indicated components one to three account for 87% of total variation when evaluating the relevance of their measurements to periodontal diseases.CONCLUSIONS:We conducted the functional and immunological characterization of MMPs and TIMPs in the GCF of periodontally diseased patients. Principal component analysis indicated components one to three explaining 87% of total variation, and further suggested that higher collagenase activity (especially in active collagenase) would be an important marker in evaluating the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Consequently, these observations may have significant therapeutic and diagnostic implications.
Cyclosporin associated gingival overgrowth in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Spratt H. , Boomer S. , Irwin CR , Marley JJ , James JA , Maxwell P. , Middleton D. , Linden GJ 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and severity of gingival overgrowth in a group of renal transplant recipients treated in one centre in Northern Ireland.STUDY DESIGN: A consecutive group of patients who had had a renal transplant for at least 6 months and were attending the Renal Unit in Belfast City Hospital took part in the study. These were divided into a group of 84 subjects treated with cyclosporin since their transplant who were compared with a control group of 36 transplant recipients who had never received cyclosporin. Each subject had a periodontal examination and completed a questionnaire. The severity of gingival overgrowth was scored from plaster models.OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinically significant gingival overgrowth was equated with a score of ≤30 using the index developed by Seymour et al (1985).RESULTS: 41(49%) of the cyclosporin group had clinically significant gingival overgrowth compared with none of the controlS. A significantly higher proportion of males had overgrowth than females. There were significant correlations between age at transplant, plaque, bleeding, pocketing and the severity of gingival overgrowth. Many patients with clinically significant gingival overgrowth were apparently unconcerned about this condition.CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that gingival overgrowth is a significant problem for renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporin, particularly if they are also treated with a calcium channel blocker. None of the factors measured, in isolation, explained the variable expression of gingival overgrowth in those at risk.