bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variational constitutive updates for microstructure evolution in hcp metals
Authors: Mosler J. , Homayonifar M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMagnesium and its alloys are promising materials for lightweight applications. Unfortunately, the macroscopic formability of such materials is relatively poor at room temperature and these metals are characterized by a complex mechanical response. This response is a result of the interplay between different deformation modes at the microscale. Since magnesium is a material showing a hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) structure of the underlying atomic lattice, plasticity caused by dislocations and deformation‐induced twinning are the most relevant deformation modes. Within the present paper, two different recently advocated modeling approaches suitable for capturing such modes at the microscale are analyzed. It is shown that both models can be rewritten into a variationally consistent format where every aspect is naturally driven by energy minimization. In addition to this already known feature, it turns out that both models are based on the same minimization problem. The difference between the models results from different constraints enforced within the variational principle. For getting further insight into the interaction between dislocations and twinning interfaces, accompanying atomistic simulations based on molecular dynamics are also performed. The results of such simulations enter the micromechanical model through the initial plastic deformation within the twinned phase (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Susceptibility loci affecting ERBB2/neu‐induced mammary tumorigenesis in mice
Authors: Quan Lei , Dittmar Ashley , Zhou Yuxun , Hutson Alan , Stassen Alphons P. M. , Demant Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwenty percent of breast cancers exhibit amplification or overexpression of ERBB2/neu and a poor prognosis. As the susceptibility genes controlling ERBB2 tumorgenesis are unknown, in a genetic mapping project we crossed transgenic mice expressing the neu oncogene under control of MMTV promoter with recombinant congenic (RC) strains, which provided a high mapping power. RC strains differed considerably in tumor latency (P = 0.0002), suggesting a strong genetic control of tumor development. Linkage analysis in neu‐transgene carrying F2 hybrids between the most susceptible and most resistant RC strain revealed three mammary tumor susceptibility (Mts) loci with main effects, Mts1 (chr. 4), Mts2 (chr. 10), Mts3 (chr. 19), and two interacting loci Mts4 (chr.6) and Mts5 (chr. 8), significantly affecting mammary tumor latency. Suggestive significance levels indicated control of tumor numbers by Mts1 alone and in interaction with Mts5, and by two additional interacting loci on chromosomes 1 and 8. These loci combined explain to a large extent the tumor latency and number in individual F2 mouse. We also identified a suggestive locus on chromosome 17 controls metastasis to the lung. The loci Mts1, Mts1b, and Mts3 are located in the Naad4‐4,5 and Naad19‐2 LOH‐regions of neu‐induced mammary tumors, corresponding to the frequent human breast cancer LOH‐regions 1p34/1p36, and 10q25, respectively. These results expand the knowledge of ERBB2 tumorigenesis and point to a combined control of specific tumor phenotypes by germ‐line polymorphisms and somatic alterations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictive value and reward in implicit classification learning
Authors: Lam Judith M. , Wächter Tobias , Globas Christoph , Karnath Hans‐Otto , Luft Andreas R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLearning efficacy depends on its emotional context. The contents learned and the feedback received during training tinges this context. The objective here was to investigate the influence of content and feedback on the efficacy of implicit learning and to explore using functional imaging how these factors are processed in the brain. Twenty‐one participants completed 150 trials of a probabilistic classification task (predicting sun or rain based on combinations of playing cards). Smileys or frowneys were presented as feedback. In 10 of these subjects, the task was performed during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Card combinations predicting sun were remembered better than those predicting rain. Similarly, positive feedback fortified learning more than negative feedback. The presentation of smileys recruited bilateral nucleus accumbens, sensorimotor cortex, and posterior cingulum more than negative feedback did. The higher the predictive value of a card combination, the more activation was found in the lateral cerebellum. Both context and feedback influence implicit classification learning. Similar to motor skill acquisition, positive feedback during classification learning is processed in part within the sensorimotor cortex, potentially reflecting the activation of a dopaminergic projection to motor cortex (Hosp et al., 2011). Activation of the lateral cerebellum during learning of combinations with high predictive value may reflect the formation of an internal model. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Right temporoparietal junction and attentional reorienting
Authors: Chang Chi‐Fu , Hsu Tzu‐Yu , Tseng Philip , Liang Wei‐Kuang , Tzeng Ovid J.L. , Hung Daisy L. , Juan Chi‐Hung 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe interaction between goal‐directed and stimulus‐driven attentional control allows humans to rapidly reorient to relevant objects outside the focus of attention—a phenomenon termed contingent reorienting. Neuroimaging studies have observed activation of the ventral and dorsal attentional networks, but specific involvement of each network remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether both networks are critical to the processes of top‐down contingent reorienting. To this end, we combined the contingent attentional capture paradigm with the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to interfere with temporoparietal junction (TPJ; ventral network) and frontal eye field (dorsal network) activity. The results showed that only right TPJ (rTPJ) TMS modulated contingent orienting. Furthermore, this modulation was highly dependent on visual fields: rTPJ TMS increased contingent capture in the left visual field and decreased the effect in the right visual field. These results demonstrate a critical involvement of the ventral network in attentional reorienting and reveal the spatial selectivity within such network. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial MEG Laterality maps for language: Clinical applications in epilepsy
Authors: D'Arcy Ryan C.N. , Bardouille Timothy , Newman Aaron J. , McWhinney Sean R. , DeBay Drew , Sadler R. Mark , Clarke David B. , Esser Michael J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFunctional imaging is increasingly being used to provide a noninvasive alternative to intracarotid sodium amobarbitol testing (i.e., the Wada test). Although magnetoencephalography (MEG) has shown significant potential in this regard, the resultant output is often reduced to a simplified estimate of laterality. Such estimates belie the richness of functional imaging data and consequently limit the potential value. We present a novel approach that utilizes MEG data to compute “complex laterality vectors” and consequently “laterality maps” for a given function. Language function was examined in healthy controls and in people with epilepsy. When compared with traditional laterality index (LI) approaches, the resultant maps provided critical information about the magnitude and spatial characteristics of lateralized function. Specifically, it was possible to more clearly define low LI scores resulting from strong bilateral activation, high LI scores resulting from weak unilateral activation, and most importantly, the spatial distribution of lateralized activation. We argue that the laterality concept is better presented with the inherent spatial sensitivity of activation maps, rather than being collapsed into a one‐dimensional index. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond reasonable doubt: Who is the culprit in lipotoxicity in NAFLD/NASH?
Authors: van Rooyen D M , Larter C Z , Haigh W G , Yeh M W , Ioannou G , Kuver R 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with insulin resistance and disordered cholesterol homeostasis. We investigated the basis for hepatic cholesterol accumulation with insulin resistance and its relevance to the pathogenesis of NASH. METHODS: Alms1 mutant (foz/foz) and wild-type NOD.B10 mice were fed high-fat diets that contained varying percentages of cholesterol; hepatic lipid pools and pathways of cholesterol turnover were determined. Hepatocytes were exposed to insulin concentrations that circulate in diabetic foz/foz mice. RESULTS: Hepatic cholesterol accumulation was attributed to up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor via activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), reduced biotransformation to bile acids, and suppression of canalicular pathways for cholesterol and bile acid excretion in bile. Exposing primary hepatocytes to concentrations of insulin that circulate in diabetic Alms1 mice replicated the increases in SREBP-2 and low-density lipoprotein receptor and suppression of bile salt export pump. Removing cholesterol from diet prevented hepatic accumulation of free cholesterol and NASH; increasing dietary cholesterol levels exacerbated hepatic accumulation of free cholesterol, hepatocyte injury or apoptosis, macrophage recruitment, and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: In obese, diabetic mice, hyperinsulinemia alters nuclear transcriptional regulators of cholesterol homeostasis, leading to hepatic accumulation of free cholesterol; the resulting cytotoxicity mediates transition of steatosis to NASH.
Bias in relative survival methods when using incorrect life‐tables: Lung and bladder cancer by smoking status and ethnicity in New Zealand
Authors: Blakely Tony , Soeberg Matthew , Carter Kristie , Costilla Roy , Atkinson June , Sarfati Diana 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRelative survival and excess mortality approaches are commonly used to estimate and compare net survival from cancer. These approaches are based on the assumption that the underlying (non‐cancer) mortality rate of cancer patients is the same as that of the general population. This assumption is likely to be violated particularly in the context of smoking‐related cancers. The magnitude of this bias has not been estimated. The objective of this article is to estimate the bias in relative survival ratios (RSRs) and excess mortality rate ratios (EMRRs) from using total population compared to correct subpopulation specific life‐tables. Analyses were conducted on 1996–2001 linked census–cancer data (including smoking status) for people with lung and bladder cancer, using sex‐specific (standard practice), sex‐ and ethnic‐specific, sex‐ and smoking‐specific and sex‐, ethnic‐ and smoking‐specific life‐tables. Five‐year RSRs using sex‐specific life‐tables, compared to fully stratified life‐tables, were underestimated by 10–25% for current smoking and Maori populations. For example, the current smoker male bladder cancer RSR was 0.700 for sex‐specific life‐tables, compared to 0.838 for fully stratified life‐tables. Similarly, EMRRs comparing current to never smokers and Maori to non‐Maori were overestimated using sex‐specific life‐tables only: modestly only for lung cancer, but markedly for bladder cancer. For example, the EMRR comparing current to never smokers with bladder cancer in a fully adjusted regression model was 1.475 when using sex‐specific life‐tables only, but reduced to 1.098 when using fully stratified life‐tables. Substantial bias can occur when estimating relative cancer survival across subpopulations if non‐matching life‐tables are used.
Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite with different crystallinity: Effects on protein adsorption and release
Authors: Lee Wing‐Hin , Zavgorodniy Alexander V. , Loo Ching‐Yee , Rohanizadeh Ramin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIncreasing demand exists for the development of a tissue‐engineered alternative in the repair of nonunion and critical‐sized bone defects. The delivery of osteoinductive proteins, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), to replicate physiological bone‐healing process appears a logical and promising option, but is currently limited in its clinical application due to lack of a suitable drug carrier. The study aimed to investigate the effects of the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite (HA) drug carrier on adsorption of proteins onto and their release from the carrier. HA samples with different crystallinities were synthesized under controlled conditions, that is, pH, temperature, and maturation time, and characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface area analyzer. Results demonstrated that both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cytochrome C had a greater tendency to bind onto amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) than crystalline HA, and the adsorption rate was correlated oppositely with the HA crystallinity. For both BSA and cytochrome C, the release kinetics of protein from HA depended on the crystallinity of HA, in which ACP had the highest release rate at 74%, whereas only 15% of proteins were released from the highly crystalline HA over a 14‐day period. Burst release within 12 h of incubation was observed for all groups. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Perinuclear positioning of the inactive human cystic fibrosis gene depends on CTCF, A‐type lamins and an active histone deacetylase
Authors: Muck Joscha S. , Kandasamy Karthikeyan , Englmann Andreas , Günther Martin , Zink Daniele 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe nuclear positioning of mammalian genes often correlates with their functional state. For instance, the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene associates with the nuclear periphery in its inactive state, but occupies interior positions when active. It is not understood how nuclear gene positioning is determined. Here, we investigated trichostatin A (TSA)‐induced repositioning of CFTR in order to address molecular mechanisms controlling gene positioning. Treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor TSA induced increased histone acetylation and CFTR repositioning towards the interior within 20 min. When CFTR localized in the nuclear interior (either after TSA treatment or when the gene was active) consistent histone H3 hyperacetylation was observed at a CTCF site close to the CFTR promoter. Knockdown experiments revealed that CTCF was essential for perinuclear CFTR positioning and both, CTCF knockdown as well as TSA treatment had similar and CFTR‐specific effects on radial positioning. Furthermore, knockdown experiments revealed that also A‐type lamins were required for the perinuclear positioning of CFTR. Together, the results showed that CTCF, A‐type lamins and an active HDAC were essential for perinuclear positioning of CFTR and these components acted on a CTCF site adjacent to the CFTR promoter. The results are consistent with the idea that CTCF bound close to the CFTR promoter, A‐type lamins and an active HDAC form a complex at the nuclear periphery, which becomes disrupted upon inhibition of the HDAC, leading to the observed release of CFTR. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2607–2621, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Furanodiene enhances tamoxifen‐induced growth inhibitory activity of ERa‐positive breast cancer cells in a PPARγ independent manner
Authors: Zhong Zhang‐Feng , Li Ying‐Bo , Wang Sheng‐Peng , Tan Wen , Chen Xiu‐Ping , Chen Mei‐Wan , Wang Yi‐Tao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHerbal plants are enriched with compounds with a wide range of biological activities. Furanodiene is a sesquiterpene isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae. Growing evidence shows furanodiene exhibits diversified activities of hepatoprotection, anti‐inflammation, anti‐angiogenesis, and anti‐tumor. However, its biological activities against breast cancer have not been deeply understood, and its potential as an anti‐breast cancer agent combined with tamoxifen (TAM) has not been evaluated so far. This study describes the combined effects of furanodiene and TAM in human breast cancer cells in vitro. The results showed that ERa‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells were much more sensitive than ERa‐positive MCF‐7 cells to the growth inhibition due to furanodiene. Combined administration of furanodiene and TAM led to marked increase in growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and pro‐apoptotic activity in ERa‐positive cells compared to individual agent, and enhanced the down‐regulation of p‐cyclin D1, cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK6, p‐Rb, Rb and p‐p44, and the up‐regulation of p27, Bax and Bad, but did not show increased cytotoxicity in ERa‐negative MCF‐10A non‐tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. Co‐incubation induced the typical PARP cleavage or caspase 9 cleavages compared to individual agent. In addition, PPARγ activity inhibition by its antagonist T0070907 did not significantly reverse the enhanced effect of furanodiene and TAM suggesting that anti‐cancer properties of combination were PPARγ independent. Our data indicated that furanodiene could enhance the growth inhibitory and pro‐apoptotic activity of TAM by inducing cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis via CDKs–cyclins and mitochondria‐caspases‐dependent, and PPARγ‐independent signaling pathways in breast cancer cells, without contributions to the cytotoxicity of TAM. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2643–2651, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy in an Intensive Outpatient Program With a Mixed‐Diagnostic Sample
Authors: Ritschel Lorie A. , Cheavens Jennifer S. , Nelson Juliet 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesIntensive outpatient programs (IOPs) have become increasingly common for treating highly distressed patients, and a burgeoning number of IOPs are based on, or informed by, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of DBT in a community mental health center IOP for patients with heterogeneous diagnoses.MethodUsing a within‐subjects design, we examined changes in depression, anxiety, mindfulness, and hope during DBT treatment in a community mental health center in the Midwestern United States. The final sample comprised 56 participants (59% female) ranging in age from 18 to 73 years, with a mean age of 36.8 years (standard deviation = 13.7). The majority of participants (80%) met criteria for a mood disorder, just over half met criteria for an anxiety disorder, and 20% met criteria for comorbid substance abuse or dependence. Over half met criteria for more than one diagnosis. Length of treatment varied based on the needs of the individual patient; treatment ranged from 2 to 16 weeks, with an average stay of 6 weeks.ResultsDepression and anxiety scores decreased significantly and hope scores increased significantly over the course of treatment (all p's < .001). Mindfulness scores did not increase significantly, although changes did occur in the predicted direction. In addition, the extent to which hope and mindfulness increased over the course of treatment predicted final depression and anxiety scores after controlling for baseline symptom levels.ConclusionsResults suggest that this DBT‐informed intervention was effective in reducing depression and anxiety and increasing hope. Because of the move away from inpatient hospitalizations over the last few decades, it is incumbent on the field to find alternative ways to treat patients in need of more acute, intensive care. Moreover, these treatments must be cost effective, as many of these patients have limited financial resources. Group therapy formats might provide an appropriate and needed bridge for this coverage gap. The results of this study suggest that a DBT‐informed IOP might be an amenable treatment for this population.
Ultrastructural effect of self‐ligating bracket materials on stainless steel and superelastic niTi wire surfaces
Authors: Choi Samjin , Lee Sunghoon , Cheong Youjin , Park Ki‐Ho , Park Hun‐Kuk , Park Young‐Guk 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFrictional interactions between wires and brackets reduce the efficacy in orthodontic treatments. Self‐ligating brackets (SLBs) are now more often used due to lower frictional forces when compared with conventional‐ligating brackets. In this study, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to examine the microstructural effects of stainless steel and ceramic SLBs on the surface roughness of stainless steel and superelastic NiTi wires both after in vivo clinical orthodontic treatment as well as in in vitro three‐point bending experiments. A combination of two wires—0.019 in. × 0.025 in. stainless steel wires and 0.016 in. superelastic NiTi wires—and two SLBs—both passive‐type stainless steel SLBs and active‐type ceramic SLBs—was applied for 4 months (bicuspid‐extraction) in an in vivo setting and for 1 month in an in vitro setting (200 g loads). After the SLB treatments, all wires exhibited severe scratches secondary to frictional interactions with the brackets. When used with the stainless steel SLBs (Damon 3MX®), the surfaces of 0.019 in. × 0.025 in. stainless steel (P < 0.0001) and 0.016 in. superelastic NiTi wires (P < 0.05) were significantly smoother than when used with the ceramic SLBs (Clippy‐C®). Such results suggest that orthodontic treatments with stainless steel SLBs are more effective than with ceramic SLBs. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1076–1083, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing convergent and parallel adaptations in talpids humeral mechanical performance by means of geometric morphometrics and finite element analysis
Authors: Piras P. , Sansalone G. , Teresi L. , Kotsakis T. , Colangelo, P. , Loy A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe shape and mechanical performance in Talpidae humeri were studied by means of Geometric Morphometrics and Finite Element Analysis, including both extinct and extant taxa. The aim of this study was to test whether the ability to dig, quantified by humerus mechanical performance, was characterized by convergent or parallel adaptations in different clades of complex tunnel digger within Talpidae, that is, Talpinae+Condylura(monophyletic) and some complex tunnel diggers not belonging to this clade. Our results suggest that the pattern underlying Talpidae humerus evolution is evolutionary parallelism. However, this insight changed to true convergence when we tested an alternative phylogeny based on molecular data, withCondyluramoved to a more basal phylogenetic position. Shape and performance analyses, as well as specific comparative methods, provided strong evidence that the ability to dig complex tunnels reached a functional optimum in distantly related taxa. This was also confirmed by the lower phenotypic variance in complex tunnel digger taxa, compared to non‐complex tunnel diggers. Evolutionary rates of phenotypic change showed a smooth deceleration in correspondence with the most recent common ancestor of the Talpinae+Condyluraclade. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.