bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superobbing and Thinning Scales for All-Sky Humidity Sounder Assimilation
Authors: Duncan David I. , Bormann Niels , Geer Alan J. , Weston Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Humidity sounder radiances are currently thinned to 110-km spacing prior to assimilation at ECMWF and used with no averaging applied. In this paper, the thinning scale and possible averaging of all-sky humidity sounder observations into “superobs” are considered. The short- and medium-range forecast impacts of changing the thinning and averaging scales of humidity sounder radiances prior to the data assimilation are investigated separately and then together. Superobbing acts as a low-pass filter and provides smoother images of departures, decreasing the effective sensor noise and thus the standard deviation of background departures, marginally for 183-GHz channels (5%–15%) and significantly for 118-GHz channels (5%–55%). Observations are thus more representative of the model effective resolution, with a better utilization of total information content than thinning native-resolution radiances, as less information is discarded. Whether changed in isolation or combination, the additions of data via superobbing and finer thinning are both shown to markedly improve background fits to independent observations, indicative of better short-range forecasts of humidity and improved winds via the 4D-Var tracer effect. Wind forecasts in the Southern Hemisphere are slightly improved in the medium range. A final configuration is tested at the resolution of the current operational model, with humidity sounder radiances averaged into 50-km superobs with 70-km spacing. This provides about 140% more radiances for assimilation and more finely detailed maps to analyze mesoscale features. The forecast impact of this change is larger in testing with higher model and data assimilation resolutions, showing the scale dependence of such decisions and the expected performance in an operational configuration.

Significance Statement
This paper investigates thinning and averaging scales for humidity-sounding microwave observations in the ECMWF data assimilation system. The introduction of spatial averaging shows a positive impact, as does the assimilation of observations with finer spacing. These changes permit more total information on humidity into the system, and both are beneficial for short-range forecasts of humidity and winds in the mid- to upper troposphere. The results highlight the interplay between spatial scales of observations and those of the analysis system, with possibilities for improved utilization in this particular case. This is expected to remain a key consideration in assimilation systems going forward, given the continued increases in the resolution of assimilation systems and forecast models.
A quantitative analysis of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease on computed tomography for the assessment of decreased vital capacity
Authors: Kunihiro Yoshie , Matsumoto Tsuneo , Onoda Hideko , Murakami Tomoyuki , Iduki Masato , Hirano Yasushi , Ito Katsuyoshi 
Published: May 2024

Background The results of a quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT) of interstitial lung disease (ILD) using a computer-aided detection (CAD) technique were correlated with the results of pulmonary function tests. Purpose To evaluate the correlation between a quantitative analysis of CT of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-IPF, which can manifest progressive pulmonary fibrosis and the vital capacity (VC), and to identify indicators for the assessment of a decreased VC. Material and Methods A total of 73 patients (46 patients with IPF and 27 patients with non-IPF) were included in this study. Associations between the quantitative analysis of CT and the %VC using a CAD software program were investigated using Spearman's rank correlation and a logistic regression analysis. The appropriate cutoff vale for predicting a decreased VC was determined (%VC <80) and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Results A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the total extent of interstitial pneumonia on CT was a significant indicator of a decreased VC ( P = 0.0001; odds ratio [OR]=1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.06–1.27 in IPF and P = 0.0025; OR=1.16; 95% CI=1.03–1.30 in non-IPF). The cutoff values of the total extent of interstitial pneumonia in IPF and non-IPF for predicting a decreased VC were determined to be 23.3% and 21.5%, and the AUCs were 0.83 and 0.91, respectively. Conclusion A quantitative analysis of CT of PF-ILD using a CAD software program could be useful for predicting a decreased VC.
The Intergenerational Transfer of Mental Disorders: A Population-Based Multigenerational Linkage Study: Le transfert intergénérationnel des troubles mentaux : une étude sur les liens multigénérationnels basée sur la population
Authors: Hamad Amani F. , Monchka Barret A. , Bolton James M. , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer , Roos Leslie L. , Elgendi Mohamed , Lix Lisa M. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives The aetiology of mental disorders involves genetic and environmental factors, both reflected in family health history. We examined the intergenerational transmission of multiple mental disorders from parents and grandparents using population-based, objectively measured family histories. Methods This population-based retrospective cohort study used administrative healthcare databases in Manitoba, Canada and included adults living in Manitoba from 1977 to 2020 with linkages to at least one parent and one grandparent. Index date was when individuals turned 18 or 1 April 1977, whichever occurred later. Mental disorder diagnoses (mood and anxiety, substance use and psychotic disorders) were identified in individuals, parents and grandparents from hospitalization and outpatient records. Cox proportional hazards regression models included sociodemographic characteristics, individual's comorbidity and mental disorder history in a grandparent, mother and father. Results Of 109,359 individuals with no mental disorder prior to index date, 47.1% were female, 36.3% had a mental disorder during follow-up, and 90.9% had a parent or grandparent with a history of a mental disorder prior to the index date. Both paternal and maternal history of a mental disorder increased the risk of the disorder in individuals. Psychotic disorders had the strongest association with parental history and were mostly influenced by paternal (hazards ratio [HR] 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.99 to 4.64) compared to maternal history (HR 2.23, 95% CI, 1.89 to 2.64). Grandparent history was independently associated with the risk of all mental disorders but had the strongest influence on substance use disorders (HR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.50). Conclusions Parental history of mental disorders was associated with an increased risk of all mental disorders. Grandparent history of mental disorders was associated with a small risk increase of the disorders above and beyond parental history influence. This three-generation study further highlights the need for family-based interventional programs in families affected by mental disorders. Plain Language Summary Title The Intergenerational Transfer of Mental Illnesses
Double-pulley, V-shaped fixation technique for arthroscopic repair of ideberg type IA glenoid fracture
Authors: Li Baichuan , Rong Ke , Deng Haiquan , Tang Zhongfei , Tang Jian , Sun Jianchao 
Published: May 2024

Different techniques have been described for glenoid fractures, there is still a need for safe and effective agents to promote outcomes. From January 2016 to April 2021, the clinical data of 17 patients with pulley type IA fractures treated by the V-shaped fixation technique under shoulder arthroscopy were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative X-ray, CT, and MRI examinations were completed. The functional score of the shoulder joint, such as the visual analog scale (VAS), Constant score, and Modified Rowe score, was used to evaluate the preoperative and final follow-up clinical outcomes. The active shoulder range of motion (ROM) was also collected preoperatively and at the final postoperative follow-up. Accordingly, intraoperative and postoperative complications were also observed. The mean follow-up was 49.52 months (16-79 months). The patients’ follow-up exams showed that shoulder joint flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation, and pain were not significantly different from those of the contralateral side ( p > .05). The mean Constant score was 83.52 (58-98), and the average Modified Rowe score was 94.29 (70-100). X-ray and CT films of all cases showed good healing without articular depression or steps. Three patients had traumatic arthritis, with VAS <3 pain. No postoperative complications, such as infections, nerve or vessel damage, or suture anchor problems occurred during the follow-up period. Using the Double-pull, V-shaped fixation technique can stabilize the reduction of glenoid fractures while reducing the possibility of bone destruction. It is a good solution and provides an opportunity to treat rotator cuff tears associated with the procedure.
Retrieval of Embolized WATCHMAN® Flex Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device
Authors: Chugh Priyanka V. , Danford Julia , Farber Alik , Ayalon Nir , Verma Ashish , Helm Robert H. , Monahan Kevin M. , Kalish Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2024

This case report documents the management of a 66-year old man with atrial fibrillation with recent placement of a WATCHMAN® Flex atrial appendage occlusion device. The patient presented with renal failure, abdominal pain, and difficulty walking 2 months after placement. The WATCHMAN® Flex device was found to have embolized to his abdominal aorta at the level of the renal arteries with associated thrombus. Extensive workup revealed reduced left ventricular cardiac function and decreased renal function, both of which were felt to be potentially reversible with device removal. The patient then underwent retrieval of the device and all associated thrombus via an open retroperitoneal approach. This case demonstrates a potential consequence of implanting devices such as an atrial appendage occlusion device and describes a technique for removal.
Enhanced adherence counselling outcomes among people living with HIV with virological failure: Single-centre experience in Pune, India
Authors: Kadale Prajakta , Shidhaye Pallavi , Gurav Shraddha , AP Pournami , Ghate Manisha 
Published: May 2024

Objectives World Health Organization has recommended enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) with virological failure. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of EAC and its associated factors among PLHIV with virological failure. Methods Data collected between March 2020 and February 2022 on viral load (VL) testing at antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre in Pune, India were reviewed. PLHIV with viral load ≥1000 copies/ml followed by three EAC sessions and a repeat viral load test were included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with virological suppression (<1000 copies/ml). Results Of 170 PLHIV, 81 (47.6%) showed virological suppression. Being literate ( p = 0.027), females ( p = 0.021), on second-line ART regimen ( p = 0.020), and with EAC initiation within a month ( p = 0.016) were significantly associated with virological suppression. No association was found between reported barriers to treatment adherence and virological suppression. Discussion Early initiation of EAC is crucial for virological suppression among PLHIV with high viral load. It is important to highlight the significance of treatment adherence among individuals on first-line ART regimen. The use of effective visual tools during EAC sessions may help in achieving virological suppression among those with low literacy.
Safety and quality of AI chatbots for drug-related inquiries: A real-world comparison with licensed pharmacists
Authors: Albogami Yasser , Alfakhri Almaha , Alaqil Abdulaziz , Alkoraishi Aljawharah , Alshammari Heba , Elsharawy Yasmin , Alhammad Abdullah , Alhossan Abdulaziz 
Published: May 2024

Introduction Pharmacists play a pivotal role in ensuring patients are administered safe and effective medications; however, they encounter obstacles such as elevated workloads and a scarcity of qualified professionals. Despite the prospective utility of large language models (LLMs), such as Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs), in addressing pharmaceutical inquiries, their applicability in real-world cases remains unexplored. Objective To evaluate GPT-based chatbots’ accuracy in real-world drug-related inquiries, comparing their performance to licensed pharmacists. Methods In this cross-sectional study, authors analyzed real-world drug inquiries from a Drug Information Inquiry Database. Two independent pharmacists evaluated the performance of GPT-based chatbots (GPT-3, GPT-3.5, GPT-4) against human pharmacists using accuracy, detail, and risk of harm criteria. Descriptive statistics described inquiry characteristics. Absolute proportion comparative analyses assessed accuracy, detail, and risk of harm. Stratified analyses were performed for different inquiry types. Results Seventy inquiries were included. Most inquiries were received from physicians (41%) and pharmacists (44%). Inquiries type included dosage/administration (34.2%), drug interaction (12.8%) and pregnancy/lactation (15.7%). Majority of inquires included adults (83%) and female patients (54.3%). GPT-4 had 64.3% completely accurate responses, comparable to human pharmacists. GPT-4 and human pharmacists provided sufficiently detailed responses, with GPT-4 offering additional relevant details. Both GPT-4 and human pharmacists delivered 95% safe responses; however, GPT-4 provided proactive risk mitigation information in 70% of the instances, whereas similar information was included in 25.7% of human pharmacists’ responses. Conclusion Our study showcased GPT-4's potential in addressing drug-related inquiries accurately and safely, comparable to human pharmacists. Current GPT-4-based chatbots could support healthcare professionals and foster global health improvements.
Experiences of community health workers on adopting mHealth in rural Malawi: A qualitative study
Authors: Kachimanga Chiyembekezo , Mulwafu Manuel , Ndambo Myness Kasanda , Harare Jimmy , Murkherjee Joia , Kulinkina Alexandra V , Mbae Simon , Ndarama Enoch , van den Akker Thomas , Abejirinde Ibukun- Oluwa Omolade 
Published: May 2024

Background The use of mobile health technology (mHealth) by community health workers (CHWs) can strengthen community-based service delivery and improve access to and quality of healthcare. Objective This qualitative study sought to explore experiences and identify factors influencing the use of an integrated smartphone-based mHealth called YendaNafe by CHWs in rural Malawi. Methods Using pre-tested interview guides, between August and October 2022, we conducted eight focus group discussions with CHWs ( n = 69), four in-depth interviews with CHW supervisors, and eight key informant interviews in Neno District, Malawi. We audio-recorded and transcribed the interviews verbatim and organized them for analysis in Dedoose V9.0.62. We used an inductive analysis technique to analyze the data. We further applied the six domains of the socio-technical system (STS) framework to map factors influencing the use of YendaNafe. Results User experiences and facilitators and barriers were the two main themes that emerged. mHealth was reported to improve the task efficiency, competence, trust, and perceived professionalism of CHWs. CHWs less frequently referred to cultural factors influencing app uptake. However, for other social systems, they identified relationships and trust with stakeholders, availability of training and programmatic support, and performance monitoring and feedback as influencing the use of YendaNafe. From the STS technical domain, the availability and adequacy of hardware such as phones, mobile connectivity, and usability influenced the use of YendaNafe. Conclusions Despite the initial discomfort, CHWs found mHealth helpful in supporting their service delivery tasks. Identifying and addressing social and technical factors during mHealth implementation may help improve end users’ attitudes and uptake.
Surprise by Anticipated Inflation
Authors: Asfuroglu Dila 
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a theoretical model with two types of households to explore the distributional effects of inflation, assess the non-neutrality of money; and in return, to provide a guideline for policymakers in setting inflation rate. An impatient borrower who faces a borrowing constraint holds a positive amount of debt in equilibrium while a patient lender engages in consumption smoothing. Hence, inflation affects net worth of borrowers via nominal debt by redistributing resources away from lender, rendering welfare gains for the borrower and losses for the lender; and the structure of borrowing constraint gives rise to non-neutrality of anticipated inflation. The utilitarian welfare gain from generating inflation in a cashless economy is amplified when heterogeneous productivity levels are assumed. Yet, incorporating money demand in the form of money-in-utility model suggests that an inflation tax as an additional distortion reverses the overall positive effect of generating inflation in the cashless economy. JEL Classifications: E31, E37, E41, E52, D63.
Perceptions of Primary Care Among Women in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Short Vanessa L. , Spritzer Kathleen , Jaffe Gregory A. , Sabitsky Matt , Abatemarco Diane , McLaughlin Kim , Hand Dennis J. , Gannon Meghan 
Published: May 2024

Background: Underutilization of primary care and receipt of preventive health services have been reported among women with opioid use disorder. The aim of this study was to describe perceptions of primary care among women in treatment for opioid use disorder. Methods: Between May and June 2022, 27 women who were receiving treatment for opioid use disorder from one opioid treatment program participated in this study. Participants completed one data collection session which involved a brief questionnaire followed by a semi-structured interview. Participants were asked questions about their overall experience with primary care as well as perceived facilitators and barriers to primary care utilization and quality. Interview transcripts were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Results: Three themes emerged from the interviews within the domain of “Facilitators to Primary Care,” including: (1) coordination of care, (2) continuity of care, and (3) relationship with health care providers. Four themes emerged from the interviews within the domain of “Barriers to Primary Care,” including: (1) perceived judgment from health care providers, (2) childcare needs, (3) issues related to location, and (4) issues related to time. Conclusion: Approaches to primary care that help alleviate barriers to care and highlight the aspects of care that are valued may improve quality and utilization of care, thus enhancing the health and well-being of a vulnerable population.
Active infection at the time of CD34+ selected stem cell boost is associated with treatment failure and poor overall survival
Authors: Shapiro Roman M. , Kim Haesook T. , Dulery Remy , Liney Deborah , Garrity Heather M. , Panaro Kevin , Au Chloe , Gervais Casey , Little Jessica S. , Ho Vincent T. , Cutler Corey S. , Koreth John , Gooptu Mahasweta , Antin Joseph H. , Kelkar Amar H. , Romee Rizwan , Wu Catherine J. , Ritz Jerome , Soiffer Robert J. , Nikiforow Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The use of CD34+ selected stem cell boost (SCB) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) has been increasing. Predictors of treatment failure after SCB, both in the context of poor graft function (PGF) or other settings, are not well characterized. We report among the largest single-center retrospective experiences of the use of SCB and evaluate potential predictors of response and outcomes. A total of 58 patients who underwent HCT between 2015 and 2022 and who received SCB, were identified. The indication for SCB was predominantly PGF, defined as the presence of ≥2 cytopenias for at least 2 consecutive weeks beyond day +14 after allo-HCT in the presence of ≤30% bone marrow cellularity and ≥90% donor myeloid chimerism in the absence of morphologic disease. The median dose of infused CD34+ selected SCB products was 3.88 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg (range, 0.99 × 106 to 9.92 × 106). The median 2-year overall survival and nonrelapse mortality after SCB was 47% and 38%, respectively. The cumulative incidences of 6-month grade 3 to 4 acute and 2-year moderate-severe chronic graft-versus-host disease after SCB were 3.4% and 12%, respectively. Overall response (complete response + partial response) was attained in 36 of 58 patients (62%) and in 69% of patients with PGF. On multivariable analysis, an active infection at the time of SCB was the greatest predictor of poor response and survival (P = .013) after SCB. SCB can restore hematopoiesis in the majority of patients, particularly for those with PGF and in whom there is no active infection at the time of infusion.
Breaking the Mucin Barrier: A New Affinity Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Approach to Unveil Potential Cell Markers and Pathways Altered in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Authors: Romero-Ruiz Antonio , Granados-Rodríguez Melissa , Bura Florina I. , Valenzuela-Molina Francisca , Rufián-Andújar Blanca , Martínez-López Ana , Rodríguez-Ortiz Lidia , Ortega-Salas Rosa , Torres-Martínez María , Moreno-Serrano Ana , Castaño Justo , Michán Carmen , Alhama José , Vázquez-Borrego Mari C. , Arjona-Sánchez Álvaro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis with largely unknown underlying molecular mechanisms. Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is the only therapeutic option; however, despite its use, recurrence with a fatal outcome is common. The lack of molecular characterisation of PMP and other mucinous tumours is mainly due to the physicochemical properties of mucin.

Results
This manuscript describes the first protocol capable of breaking the mucin barrier and isolating proteins from mucinous tumours. Briefly, mucinous tumour samples were homogenised and subjected to liquid chromatography using two specific columns to reduce mainly glycoproteins, albumins and immunoglobulin G. The protein fractions were then subjected to mass spectrometry analysis and the proteomic profile obtained was analysed using various bioinformatic tools. Thus, we present here the first proteome analysed in PMP and identified a distinct mucin isoform profile in soft compared to hard mucin tumour tissues as well as key biological processes/pathways altered in mucinous tumours. Importantly, this protocol also allowed us to identify MUC13 as a potential tumour cell marker in PMP.

Conclusions
In sum, our results demonstrate that this protein isolation protocol from mucin will have a high impact, allowing the oncology research community to more rapidly advance in the knowledge of PMP and other mucinous neoplasms, as well as develop new and effective therapeutic strategies.