bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cord blood and bone marrow transplantation in inherited metabolic diseases: scientific basis, current status and future directions
Authors: Prasad Vinod K. , Kurtzberg Joanne 
Published: November 2009

SummaryProgressive degeneration of the central nervous system leading to the loss of neuromotor, neurophysiological and cognitive abilities is the fundamental clinical problem in patients with many inherited metabolic diseases (IMD). Worldwide experience shows that morbidity, quality of life, and survival in these patients can be improved by allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly when performed early in the course of the disease. At present, while available for some conditions, exogenous enzyme replacement therapy is unable to correct cognitive and central nervous system disease because of its inability to cross the blood‐brain barrier. In contrast, HSCT allows donor‐derived, enzyme‐producing cells to migrate to the brain and other organs providing a permanent enzyme replacement therapy. HSCT may also mediate non‐hematopoietic cell regeneration or repair. Traditionally, bone marrow has been the graft source for IMD patients. However, in the last 5 years many studies utilizing unrelated donor umbilical cord blood (UCB) as a graft source have demonstrated that UCB provides rapid and increased access to transplantation with favourable outcomes. This review describes preclinical studies and past and present clinical treatment approaches and discusses current controversies and future directions of this promising field.
Health‐related quality of life following haematopoietic cell transplantation: patient education, evaluation and intervention
Authors: Pidala Joseph , Anasetti Claudio , Jim Heather 
Published: November 2009

SummaryHealth‐related quality of life (QOL) is a vital concern in the pre‐treatment consent process and post‐treatment care of recipients of haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We propose that comprehensive care of such patients requires an integration of knowledge of the impact of HCT on QOL, assessment of QOL, as well as resources available for intervention. This knowledge may significantly improve patient care when incorporated into daily clinical practice in the transplant setting. As a framework for this approach, this article reviews the literature on QOL after allogeneic and autologous HCT for adults with haematological malignancies. We then discuss evidence in support of the beneficial impact of clinical QOL assessment, and finally evaluate behavioural interventions that show promise to maintain or improve QOL after HCT.
The ceramide‐1‐phosphate analogue PCERA‐1 modulates tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐10 production in macrophages via the cAMP–PKA–CREB pathway in a GTP‐dependent manner
Authors: Avni Dorit , Philosoph Amir , Meijler Michael M. , Zor Tsaffrir 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe synthetic phospho‐ceramide analogue‐1 (PCERA‐1) down‐regulates production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and up‐regulates production of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ‐stimulated macrophages. We have previously reported that PCERA‐1 increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The objective of this study was to delineate the signalling pathway leading from PCERA‐1 via cAMP to modulation of TNF‐α and IL‐10 production. We show here that PCERA‐1 elevates intra‐cellular cAMP level in a guanosine triphosphate‐dependent manner in RAW264.7 macrophages. The cell‐permeable dibutyryl cAMP was able to mimic the effects of PCERA‐1 on cytokine production, whereas 8‐chloro‐phenylthio‐methyladenosine‐cAMP, which specifically activates the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) but not protein kinase A (PKA), failed to mimic PCERA‐1 activities. Consistently, the PKA inhibitor H89 efficiently blocked PCERA‐1‐driven cytokine modulation as well as PCERA‐1‐stimulated phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) on Ser‐133. Finally, PCERA‐1 activated cAMP‐responsive transcription of a luciferase reporter, in synergism with the phosphodiesterase (PDE)‐4 inhibitor rolipram. Our results suggest that PCERA‐1 activates a Gs protein‐coupled receptor, leading to elevation of cAMP, which acts via the PKA–CREB pathway to promote TNF‐α suppression and IL‐10 induction in LPS‐stimulated macrophages. Identification of the PCERA‐1 receptor is expected to set up a new target for development of novel anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor expression induction on neonatal CD8+ T cells in vitro and following congenital infection with Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Hermann Emmanuel , Berthe Aurélie , Truyens Carine , Alonso‐Vega Cristina , Parrado Rudy , Torrico Faustino , Carlier Yves , Braud Véronique M. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I‐specific inhibitory natural killer receptors (iNKRs) are expressed by subsets of T cells but the mechanisms inducing their expression are poorly understood, particularly for killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs). The iNKRs are virtually absent from the surface of cord blood T cells but we found that KIR expression could be induced upon interleukin‐2 stimulation in vitro. In addition, KIR expression was enhanced after treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, suggesting a role for DNA methylation. In vivo induction of KIR expression on cord blood T cells was also observed during a human congenital infection with Trypanosoma cruzi which triggers activation of fetal CD8+ T cells. These KIR+ T cells had an effector and effector/memory phenotype suggesting that KIR expression was consecutive to the antigenic stimulation; however, KIR was not preferentially found on parasite‐specific CD8+ T cells secreting interferon‐γ upon in vitro restimulation with live T. cruzi. These findings show that KIR expression is likely regulated by epigenetic mechanisms that occur during the maturation process of cord blood T cells. Our data provide a molecular basis for the appearance of KIRs on T cells with age and they have implications for T‐cell homeostasis and the regulation of T‐cell‐mediated immune responses.
Effects of glycation of the model food allergen ovalbumin on antigen uptake and presentation by human dendritic cells
Authors: Hilmenyuk Tamara , Bellinghausen Iris , Heydenreich Bärbel , Ilchmann Anne , Toda Masako , Grabbe Stephan , Saloga Joachim 
Published: November 2009

SummaryAdvanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) of food proteins resulting from the Maillard reaction after cooking or heating may have particular importance in food allergy. The underlying immunological mechanisms are only poorly understood. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of AGE derived from the model food allergen ovalbumin (AGE‐OVA) on dendritic cells (DCs), their immunostimulatory capacity and the T‐cell response compared with regular OVA. For this purpose, human immature DCs were exposed to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labelled AGE‐OVA and FITC‐labelled regular OVA and uptake was analysed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, autologous CD4+ T‐cell proliferation and cytokine production induced by mature DCs loaded with AGE‐OVA were compared with those induced by mature DCs loaded with OVA. Finally, expression of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)‐κB by AGE were investigated. Internalization of FITC‐AGE‐OVA by immature DCs was significantly increased compared with FITC‐OVA. Blocking the mannose receptor, macropinocytosis or the scavenger receptor strongly reduced uptake of both FITC‐OVA and FITC‐AGE‐OVA. In a comparison of CD4+ T cells co‐cultured with AGE‐OVA‐loaded mature DCs versus those co‐cultured with OVA‐loaded mature DCs, AGE‐OVA DCs were found to produce more interleukin (IL)‐6 and to induce a stronger T helper type 2 (Th2) and a weaker Th1 cytokine response, while there was no difference in proliferation of CD4+ T cells. The expression of RAGE was higher on immature DCs compared with mature DCs. AGE‐OVA‐exposed immature DCs showed a stronger expression of RAGE and activation of the transcription factor NF‐κB compared with OVA‐loaded immature DCs. Our data indicate that AGE‐OVA may be more immunogenic/allergenic than regular OVA.
Effects of lipophillic pigments on colour of the green tea infusion
Authors: Lu Jian‐liang , Pan Shun‐shun , Zheng Xin‐qiang , Dong Jun‐jie , Borthakur Devajit , Liang Yue‐rong 
Published: November 2009

SummaryStudies about effect of pigments on colour of green tea infusion will help for quality evaluation and adopting suitable measure for prevention from non‐enzyme browning. HPLC results showed that concentrations of chlorophylls and pheophytin a in green tea infusions were higher than their thresholds, and that lutein and β‐carotene were near or above the thresholds. Significant correlation between pigments concentration and colour difference index in green tea infusion was also found. Therefore, lipophillic pigments did affect the colour of green tea infusion markedly, and the ratio of chlorophylls to pheophytins could be used as an indicator of infusion colour and quality of green tea.
Changes in microbial community during Chinese traditional soybean paste fermentation
Authors: Zhao Jianxin , Dai Xiaojun , Liu Xiaoming , Chen Haiqin , Tang Jian , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei 
Published: November 2009

SummaryChinese soybean pastes have been widely used as condiments for hundreds of years in Asian countries. However, little research has been conducted on the microbiol population in the fermentation process. The present study investigated the changes in microbiol community during the 12 weeks fermentation of natural Chinese soybean pastes with polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gcl electrophoresis. Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, B. amyloliquefaciens, and two uncultured bacteria were predominant strains during fermentation. DGGE analysis also identified the presence of Candida humilis, Kluyveromyces lactis, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, and Williopsis saturnus. In the industrial production of Chinese fermented soybean paste, starter cultures only contained Z. rouxii and L. plantarum. However, our results showed that more microbes are involved in the natural fermentation of Chinese soybean paste.
An investigation of spawning effect on rancidity development of lipid and fatty acid profile in wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillet during storage
Authors: Yeganeh Sakineh , Shabanpour Bahareh , Hosseiny Hedayat , Imanpour Mohammad Reza , Shabany Ali 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis study is aimed to investigate the effect of gonadal stages on hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity development. Thus, wild common carp was caught at two different gonadal stages (pre‐ and post‐spawned fish) and was studied during frozen storage (−18 °C; up to 6 months). Lipid damage was measured by lipolysis development [free fatty acid (FFA) formation], rancidity development [conjugated dienes (CD), secondary oxidation compounds and fluorescent compounds] analyses. Pre‐spawned samples showed a higher (P < 0.05) FFA, Thiobarbituric Acid Index and fluorescence ratio (FR) than its post‐spawned counterparts. FR, heme iron (in post‐spawned samples) and CD measurements (in two samples) did not show a clear trend as a result of the frozen storage. In pre‐ and post‐spawned samples, monounsaturated FA percent increased and polyunsaturated FA percent decreased but saturated FA percent slightly decreased in pre‐spawned fillets despite post‐spawned samples during frozen storage.
Effect of convective solar drying on colour, total phenols and radical scavenging activity of olive leaves (Olea europaea L.)
Authors: Bahloul Neila , Boudhrioua Nourhène , Kouhila Mohammed , Kechaou Nabil 
Published: November 2009

SummaryIn this study, olive leaves, which are known for their therapeutic and antioxidant properties, were used to assess the effect of solar drying conditions (temperature and flow rate) on the drying time and quality parameters of olive leaves. Samples were dried at three drying temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) and at two drying air flow rates (1.62 and 3.3 m3 min−1) in a convective laboratory solar dryer. From the experimental results, it was noted that the drying time required to reduce the moisture content to 0.10 kg kg−1 d.b. depends mainly on the drying temperature. The quality attributes of the dehydrated olive leaf samples were investigated in term of colour, total phenols and radical scavenging activity. The effect of solar drying on L*, a* b* parameters was significant (P < 0.05) for all the studied olive leaves. Besides, the total phenols of olive leaves were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by drying air conditions and tended to decrease with increased drying time. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in fresh [EC50 39.40 (ZR)‐39.95 (CH)] than in dried leaves. However, the radical scavenging activity was also high in leaves dried at 60 °C, 3.3 m3 min−1 [EC50 54.21 (ZR)–68.79 (CL)].
Diversity examination based on physical, technological and chemical traits in a locally grown landrace of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. major)
Authors: Avola Giovanni , Gresta Fabio , Abbate Valerio 
Published: November 2009

SummaryFifteen accessions of a locally adapted Sicilian population (‘Larga di Leonforte’) of faba bean were evaluated for their physical and technological properties and chemical composition. Results showed a high seed weight (1000 seed weight around 2500 × g) along with a great seed size with wide variability among accessions. When all data were combined, the seeds initial water uptake was 0.21 g min−1. Differences between accessions were found in hydration capacity (ranging between 133% and 160%) and retainable firmness after 40 min of cooking (ranging between 18.8 and 13.6 N cm−2). In addition, the average contents of 46.0, 25.2 and 2.6 g 100 g−1 dry weight basis were ascertained for starch, protein and tannin, respectively, with considerable variation among accessions. The result’s interpretation, carried out through a methodological approach based on multivariate analysis, seem to support the view that parameters such as seed dimension, starch, protein and tannin content, can be effectively adopted as elements of comparison among landraces in grain legumes.
Characterisation of honey produced from different fruit plants of northern India
Authors: Nanda Vikas , Singh Bahadur , Kukreja Vijay Kumar , Bawa Amarinder Singh 
Published: November 2009

SummaryStudies were carried out to determine the affect of different fruit plant sources viz., Litche chinensis (litchi), Citrus sinensis (sweet orange), Ziziphus mauritiana (ber) and Prunus persica (peach) on moisture content, pH, free acidity, reducing sugars and sucrose contents, fructose/glucose ratio, ash and proline content, invertase and diastase activities, hydroxymethylfurfural and mineral (sodium, potassium, iron, calcium, zinc, and copper) contents as well as on rheological properties of honey. The source of honey had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on moisture content, free acidity, reducing sugar, fructose/glucose ratio, hydroxymethylfurfural content, invertase and diastase activities, sucrose content, proline content, ash content, pH and mineral content. The honey from various sources exhibited Newtonian behaviour and the activation energy ranged from 63.63 to 81.48 kJ mol−1. Pattern recognition methods such as principal component analysis andlinear discriminate analysis were performed to classify honey on the basis of physico‐chemical properties and mineral content. The variables proline, potassium and free acidity exhibited higher discrimination power.
Functional and structural properties and in vitro digestibility of acylated hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) protein isolates
Authors: Yin Shou‐Wei , Tang Chuan‐He , Wen Qi‐Biao , Yang Xiao‐Quan 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe effects of succinylation and acetylation on some functional, structural properties and in vitro trypsin digestibility of hemp protein isolate (HPI) were investigated. The extent of acylation gradually increased from 0 to 60–70%, with the anhydride‐to‐protein ratio increasing from 0 to 1.0 g g−1. Size exclusion chromatography showed that succinylation led to formation of more soluble protein aggregate than acetylation, especially at anhydride levels higher than 0.1 g g−1. Succinylation led to gradual increase in protein solubility (PS) from 30 to 85–90%, while in the acetylation case, the PS was improved only at low anhydride levels, increasing from 30 to about 50% with anhydride‐to‐protein ratio increasing from 0 to 0.2 g g−1. At neutral pH, the emulsifying activity indexes (EAI) of HPI was 22.1 m2 g−1, and the EAI linearly and significantly increased with the extent of acylation. The EAIs of succinylated and acetylated HPI (1.0 g g−1) were 119.0 and 54.4 m2 g−1, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and intrinsic fluorescence spectrum analyses indicated gradual structural unfolding of proteins, or exposure of hydrophobic clusters to the solvent, especially at higher anhydride levels. Additionally, the in vitro trypsin digestibility was significantly improved by the succinylation. The results indicated that the chemical acylation treatment (especially succinylation) could be applied to modify some selected functional properties of hemp proteins, especially PS and emulsifying ability.
Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size
Authors: Thomas Len , Buckland Stephen T. , Rexstad Eric A. , Laake Jeff L. , Strindberg Samantha , Hedley Sharon L. , Bishop Jon R.B. , Marques Tiago A. , Burnham Kenneth P. 
Published: November 2009

Summary1. Distance sampling is a widely used technique for estimating the size or density of biological populations. Many distance sampling designs and most analyses use the software Distance.2. We briefly review distance sampling and its assumptions, outline the history, structure and capabilities of Distance, and provide hints on its use.3. Good survey design is a crucial prerequisite for obtaining reliable results. Distance has a survey design engine, with a built‐in geographic information system, that allows properties of different proposed designs to be examined via simulation, and survey plans to be generated.4. A first step in analysis of distance sampling data is modelling the probability of detection. Distance contains three increasingly sophisticated analysis engines for this: conventional distance sampling, which models detection probability as a function of distance from the transect and assumes all objects at zero distance are detected; multiple‐covariate distance sampling, which allows covariates in addition to distance; and mark–recapture distance sampling, which relaxes the assumption of certain detection at zero distance.5. All three engines allow estimation of density or abundance, stratified if required, with associated measures of precision calculated either analytically or via the bootstrap.6. Advanced analysis topics covered include the use of multipliers to allow analysis of indirect surveys (such as dung or nest surveys), the density surface modelling analysis engine for spatial and habitat modelling, and information about accessing the analysis engines directly from other software.7.Synthesis and applications. Distance sampling is a key method for producing abundance and density estimates in challenging field conditions. The theory underlying the methods continues to expand to cope with realistic estimation situations. In step with theoretical developments, state‐of‐the‐art software that implements these methods is described that makes the methods accessible to practising ecologists.
Cheatgrass facilitates spillover of a seed bank pathogen onto native grass species
Authors: Beckstead Julie , Meyer Susan E. , Connolly Brian M. , Huck Michael B. , Street Laura E. 
Published: November 2009

Summary1. Pathogen spillover occurs when disease levels for a given population are driven by transmission from a reservoir species that carries a high pathogen load. Pathogen spillover is widely documented in crop systems, but has been little studied in natural plant communities.2. The abundant seed production of weedy species may create a scenario where spillover of a generalist seed pathogen onto less abundant seeds of native hosts is possible. The invasive annual weed cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is a potential reservoir species forPyrenophora semeniperda, a multiple‐host fungal seed pathogen that naturally occurs in the semi‐arid western United States.3. To investigate potential community‐level consequences of spillover by this pathogen in plant communities invaded by cheatgrass, we first used artificial inoculation studies to determine the relative susceptibility of seeds of cheatgrass and five co‐occurring native grasses toP. semeniperda. Secondly, we quantified the pathogen reservoir (density of pathogen‐killed seeds) in the spring seed bank for cheatgrass monoculture, cheatgrass‐invaded native grass, and uninvaded native grass patches. Thirdly, potential pathogen spillover onto co‐occurring native grasses was quantified by planting native grass seeds into field‐collected seed‐zone samples from each vegetation patch type and scoring subsequent seed mortality.4. All species tested were susceptible to infection byP. semeniperda, but their vulnerability to seed death varied as a function of germination time and degree of susceptibility.5. Seed bank samples from cheatgrass‐dominated patches contained seed densities over four times higher than samples from uninvaded native grass patches, andP. semeniperda‐killed seeds were also present at much higher densities, indicating that cheatgrass can function as a reservoir forP. semeniperda. Native seeds planted into seed‐zone samples from cheatgrass‐dominated patches were more likely to be killed byP. semeniperdathan those planted into samples from uninvaded native patches. Seed mortality also varied across years, sites and host species.6. Synthesis. Pathogen spillover onto native seeds is likely to operate within seed banks of semi‐arid communities invaded by cheatgrass, and perhaps other weeds, and may have broad consequences for community structure. Our findings also demonstrate the ecological significance of multiple‐host pathosystems that operate at the seed stage.