bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation‐induced early changes in the brain and behavior: Serial diffusion tensor imaging and behavioral evaluation after graded doses of radiation
Authors: Trivedi Richa , Khan Ahmad Raza , Rana Poonam , Haridas Seenu , Hemanth Kumar B.S. , Manda Kailash , Rathore Ram K.S. , Tripathi Rajendra P. , Khushu Subash 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe nuclear arsenal and the use of nuclear technologies have enhanced the likelihood of whole‐body/partial‐body radiation exposure. The central nervous system is highly susceptible to even low doses of radiation. With the aim of detecting and monitoring the pathologic changes of radiation‐induced damage in brain parenchyma, we used serial diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) with a 7T magnetic resonance unit and neurobehavioral assessments mice irradiated with 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐Gy doses of radiation. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values at each time point (baseline, day 1, day 5, and day 10) were quantified from hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, cudate‐putamen, frontal cortex, sensorimotor cortex, corpus callosum, cingulum, and cerebral peduncle. Behavioral tests were performed at baseline, day 5, and day 10. A decrease in FA values with time was observed in all three groups. At day 10, dose‐dependent decreases in FA and MD values were observed in all of the regions compared with baseline. Behavioral data obtained in this study correlate with FA values. Radiation‐induced affective disorders were not radiation dose dependent, insofar as the anxiety‐like symptoms at the lower dose (3 Gy) mimics to the symptoms with the higher dose (8 Gy) level but not with the moderate dose. However, there was a dose‐dependent decline in cognitive function as well as FA values. Behavioral data support the DTI indices, so it is suggested that DTI may be a useful tool for noninvasive monitoring of radiation‐induced brain injury. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probabilistic quality control of daily temperature data
Authors: Sciuto G. , Bonaccorso B. , Cancelliere A. , Rossi G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA procedure for quality control of daily temperature data, designed to automatically identify potential anomalies, is presented herein. The procedure verifies whether the observed data lie within two different confidence intervals of fixed probability: the first one derived on the basis of the probability distribution fitted to the historic dataset of the considered climatic station, and the second one derived by means of multiple linear regressions, making use of contemporaneous data observed at selected reference stations. Examples of applications of the proposed procedure are reported with reference to daily maximum and minimum temperature data observed from 1950 to 2004 at four thermometric stations in Sicily (Italy), selected within the meteorological monitoring network operated by the Water Observatory of Sicily region (Italy). Results of the applications show that more than 80% of daily temperature data are automatically validated. In addition, the performance of the procedure is assessed by introducing known errors into temperature datasets, supposed as correct, and by estimating the probabilities of correctly classifying data as validated or not validated. From the results, it can be concluded that, as the percentage of errors increases, the probability that not validated data are not correct increases, while the probability that validated data are correct decreases. In particular, if the percentage of errors is larger than about 35%, the procedure reveals a lower capability to recognize correct data rather than not correct ones. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Synthesis and characterization of polymethacrylates containing conjugated oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s as side chains
Authors: Breul Alexander M. , Schäfer Johann , Pavlov Georgy M. , Teichler Anke , Höppener Stephanie , Weber Christine , Nowotny Jürgen , Blankenburg Lars , Popp Jürgen , Hager Martin D. , Dietzek Benjamin , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn order to form suitable systems designed for resonance energy transfer, a series of monodisperse methacrylate‐based monomers containing rigid π‐conjugated oligo(phenylene ethynylenes) with different sizes of the conjugated systems (M1–M3), and therefore different optoelectronic properties, were synthesized and subsequently polymerized using the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization technique (P1–P3). In addition, these oligomers were also copolymerized with methyl methacrylate. The obtained polymers were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and analytical ultracentrifugation. The photophysical properties of the polymers were studied by UV–vis absorption and emission spectroscopy in diluted solutions as well as in thin films and compared to the photophysics of the corresponding monomers. Thereby, changes going from monomeric to polymeric systems could be detected in fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes pointing to energy trapping, e.g., energy transfer. Donor–acceptor copolymers containing different numbers of monomeric units within the side chain exhibit differences in the emission spectra, indicating that energy trapping in polymers is very sensitive to structural properties such as the chain length. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy as well as time‐resolved lifetime studies indicate intrapolymer and interpolymer energy transfer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Who participates in a randomized trial of mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) after breast cancer? A study of factors associated with enrollment among Danish breast cancer patients
Authors: Würtzen Hanne , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg , Andersen Klaus Kaae , Elsass Peter , Flyger Henrik Lavlund , Sumbundu Antonia , Johansen Christoffer 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundDiscussion regarding the necessity to identify patients with both the need and motivation for psychosocial intervention is ongoing. Evidence for an effect of mindfulness‐based interventions among cancer patients is based on few studies with no systematic enrollment.MethodsWe used Danish population‐based registries and clinical databases to determine differences in demographics, breast cancer and co‐morbidity among 1208 women eligible for a randomized controlled trial (www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00990977) of mindfulness‐based stress reduction MBSR.ResultsParticipants (N = 336) were found to be younger (p < 0.001) and have a less recent diagnosis at invitation than decliners (N = 872; p < 0.001). After adjustment for age and time since diagnosis at invitation, a statistically significant difference was also found between the two groups in use of psychologist sessions (p < 0.05), whereas neither breast cancer variables nor co‐morbidity was significantly different. Self‐reported data obtained by use of validated psychometric scales from 169 decliners and 336 women who agreed to enroll in the trial showed statistically significant differences in level of education, distress, anxiety, depression, well being and symptom burden. No differences were observed with regard to marital status, children living at home, affiliation to the work market, psychiatric caseness or any lifestyle measure.ConclusionOur findings indicate that participants are younger, have a less recent diagnosis and have a higher level of education than those who refuse. This should be taken into account in designing and evaluating trials of psychosocial interventions and in planning mindfulness‐based interventions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gravity‐wave‐induced perturbations in marine stratocumulus
Authors: Allen G. , Vaughan G. , Toniazzo T. , Coe H. , Connolly P. , Yuter S. E. , Burleyson C. D. , Minnis P. , Ayers J. K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe discuss the role of atmospheric gravity waves in modulating cloud radiative and dynamical properties over the southeast Pacific. Satellite imagery and satellite‐retrieved cloud properties during October 2008 illustrate three distinct episodes of horizontal propagation of gravity wave trains across the large‐scale stratocumulus (Sc) cloud deck capping the local marine boundary layer. In one period, 7–9 October 2008, the waves modulated cloud‐top‐height by up to 400 m peak‐to‐trough, propagating perpendicular to the synoptic boundary layer flow with phase speed 15.3 m s−1, period ∼1 h and horizontal wavelength 55 km. The gravity waves were observed to be non‐dispersive. These waves were first evident in the cloud deck near 30°S, 85°W during a 24 h period beginning at midday on 7 October 2008, and propagated northeastward toward the Peruvian coast for the following 48 h. During this time they induced both reversible and non‐reversible changes in cloud‐radiative and cloud‐dynamic properties, such that areas of clear sky developed in the troughs of passing wave‐fronts. These pockets of open cells persisted long after the passage of the gravity waves, advecting northwestward with the background wind. Using the analysis fields of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts in conjunction with infrared and microwave satellite imagery, we show that these gravity waves emerged from a disturbed subtropical jet stream. The radiant of the waves was coincident in all cases with centres of large negative residuals in nonlinear balance, suggesting that geostrophic readjustment of sharply divergent flows associated with the disturbed jet provided a source for the wave energy. Conversely, gravity waves were not observed in more quiescent jet conditions. This case study highlights the important and irreversible effects that gravity waves propagating in the troposphere can have on cloud radiative properties (and hence surface radiation budgets) over a very wide area. It also highlights the importance of synoptic influence on Sc‐covered marine boundary layers. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Towards reducing false alarms in network intrusion detection systems with data summarization technique
Authors: Hubballi Neminath , Biswas Santosh , Nandi Sukumar 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAnomaly based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) create a benign behavior profile of the network, and any deviation from this profile is considered as an attack. Many of the algorithms proposed in the literature for anomaly IDS fall into cluster analysis category. As networks become faster in operation, the amount of data that needs to be analyzed becomes huge. Many clustering techniques require more than one pass on the dataset; thus, when used as anomaly IDSs, these algorithms becomes computationally expensive and cannot work for such high‐speed networks. To handle voluminous data, anomaly IDS schemes have been proposed that use data summarization techniques. Data summarization techniques found in the literature suffer from false alarms due to improper clustering when used as anomaly IDS. In this paper, an anomaly IDS is proposed that is capable of handling large dataset yet minimizing false alarms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ovarian stromal vessels assessed by spatiotemporal image correlation–high definition flow in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case–control study
Authors: Alcázar J. L. , Kudla M. J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare spatiotemporal image correlation–high definition flow (STIC‐HDF) indices from spherical samples of ovary between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal women.MethodsThis was a prospective case–control study of premenopausal women with a diagnosis of PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria and of healthy, regularly menstruating, premenopausal women (controls) matched for age (< 35 years) and body mass index. Women were assessed in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle by 4D STIC‐HDF transvaginal ultrasound. Based on 1‐cm3 spherical sampling, we calculated for each woman the vascularization index (VI) for the most vascularized part of the ovarian stroma in all three‐dimensional volumes of the 4D STIC‐HDF sequence. The maximum (VIsys) and minimum (VIdiast) values were assumed to represent systole and diastole, respectively, and the mean VI for all frames from one cardiac cycle was calculated. Based on these three VI values, we calculated the following indices: volumetric systolic/diastolic ratio (vS/D), volumetric resistance index (vRI) and volumetric pulsatility index (vPI), and compared them between study and control groups.ResultsThe study included 32 PCOS women (mean age, 29.6 years) and 32 controls (mean age, 30.4 years). Mean VIsys (26.246% vs 8.136%, P < 0.0001) and mean VIdiast (22.242% vs 5.997%, P < 0.0001) were significantly higher in PCOS women compared with controls. Median vS/D (1.15 vs 1.33, P < 0.001), mean vRI (0.17 vs 0.30, P < 0.001) and median vPI (0.14 vs 0.28, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in PCOS women compared with controls.Conclusion4D STIC‐HDF indices from 1‐cm3 spherical samples of the ovaries were different between PCOS women and controls, suggesting lower impedance to flow in ovarian stromal vessels in PCOS women. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis of levator avulsion injury: a comparison of three methods
Authors: Dietz H. P. , Moegni F. , Shek K. L. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveLevator avulsion is common after vaginal delivery and is strongly associated with prolapse and prolapse recurrence. The aim of this study was to compare assessment by digital palpation and two ultrasound methods, one using rendered volumes and the other multislice imaging, for the diagnosis of levator avulsion.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed randomly identified datasets of 266 women seen at a tertiary urogynecology unit. Each patient had undergone an interview, vaginal examination and 3D/4D translabial ultrasound examination. Analysis of the retrieved ultrasound volumes was performed offline, with the operator blinded to all clinical data, using two techniques: assessment of rendered volumes and evaluation on multislice imaging. We tested agreement between the three methods and the association of each method's results with symptoms and signs of pelvic organ prolapse.ResultsAgreement between the findings on palpation and the two ultrasound methods with regard to diagnosis of levator avulsion ranged from 80% to 87% (Cohen's kappa, 0.35−0.56). The findings for all methods were significantly associated with symptoms, signs and ultrasound findings of pelvic organ prolapse (P = 0.007 to < 0.001), with no single method appearing superior to the others.ConclusionsDepending on the availability of local expertise and equipment, any of the three methods tested in this study may be used to document avulsion of the puborectalis muscle.
Omega-3 fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Jason H. Y. , Micha Renata , Imamura Fumiaki , Pan An , Biggs Mary L. , Ajaz Owais , Djousse Luc , B. Hu Frank , Mozaffarian Dariush 
Published: May 2012

The relationship between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) from seafood sources (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA; docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) or plant sources (alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unclear. We systematically searched multiple literature databases through June 2011 to identify prospective studies examining relations of dietaryn-3 PUFA, dietary fish and/or seafood, and circulatingn-3 PUFA biomarkers with incidence of DM. Data were independently extracted in duplicate by 2 investigators, including multivariate-adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and corresponding 95 % CI. Generalized least-squares trend estimation was used to assess dose–response relationships, with pooled summary estimates calculated by both fixed-effect and random-effect models. From 288 identified abstracts, 16 studies met inclusion criteria, including 18 separate cohorts comprising 540 184 individuals and 25 670 cases of incident DM. Consumption of fish and/or seafood was not significantly associated with DM (n = 13 studies; RR per 100 g/d = 1·12, 95 % CI = 0·94, 1·34); nor were consumption of EPA+DHA (n = 16 cohorts; RR per 250 mg/d = 1·04, 95 % CI = 0·97, 1·10) nor circulating levels of EPA+DHA biomarkers (n = 5 cohorts; RR per 3 % of total fatty acids = 0·94, 95 % CI = 0·75, 1·17). Both dietary ALA (n = 7 studies; RR per 0·5 g/d = 0·93, 95 % CI = 0·83, 1·04) and circulating ALA biomarker levels (n = 6 studies; RR per 0·1 % of total fatty acid = 0·90, 95 % CI = 0·80, 1·00,P = 0·06) were associated with non-significant trend towards lower risk of DM. Substantial heterogeneity (I2~80 %) was observed among studies of fish/seafood or EPA+DHA and DM; moderate heterogeneity ( < 55 %) was seen for dietary and biomarker ALA and DM. In unadjusted meta-regressions, study location (Asia vs. North America/Europe), mean BMI, and duration of follow-up each modified the association between fish/seafood and EPA+DHA consumption and DM risk (P-interaction ≤ 0·02 each). We had limited statistical power to determine the independent effect of these sources of heterogeneity due to their high collinearity. The overall pooled findings do not support either major harms or benefits of fish/seafood or EPA+DHA on development of DM, and suggest that ALA may be associated with modestly lower risk. Reasons for potential heterogeneity of effects, which could include true biologic heterogeneity, publication bias, or chance, deserve further investigation.
A systematic review of omega-3 fatty acids and osteoporosis
Authors: Orchard Tonya S. , Pan Xueliang , Cheek Fern , Ing Steven W. , Jackson Rebecca D. 
Published: May 2012

Some epidemiological evidence suggests that diets high in omega 3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) may be beneficial for skeletal health. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support a positive effect ofn-3 FAs on osteoporosis. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE databases. We included RCTs with skeletal outcomes conducted in adults or children (> = 1 year old) usingn-3 FA fortified foods, diets or supplements alone or in combination with other vitamins/minerals, versus placebo. Primary outcomes were incident fracture at any site and bone mineral density (BMD) in g/cm2. Secondary outcomes included bone formation or resorption markers and bone turnover regulators. A total of 10 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Effect sizes with 95 % confidence intervals were estimated to compare studies across various treatments and outcome measures. No pooled analysis was completed due to heterogeneity of studies and small sample sizes. No RCTs included fracture as an outcome. Four studies reported significant favorable effects ofn-3 FA on BMD or bone turnover markers. Of these, three deliveredn-3 FA in combination with high calcium foods or supplements. Five studies reported no differences in outcomes betweenn-3 FA intervention and control groups; one study included insufficient data for effect size estimation. Strong conclusions regardingn-3 FAs and bone disease are limited due to the small number and modest sample sizes of RCTs, however, it appears that any potential benefit ofn-3 FA on skeletal health may be enhanced by concurrent administration of calcium.
Psychiatric in-patient care and suicide in England, 1997 to 2008: a longitudinal study
Authors: Kapur N. , Hunt I. M. , Windfuhr K. , Rodway C. , Webb R. , Rahman M. S. , Shaw J. , Appleby L. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundPsychiatric in-patients are at high risk of suicide. Recent reductions in bed numbers in many countries may have affected this risk but few studies have specifically investigated temporal trends. We aimed to explore trends in psychiatric in-patient suicide over time.MethodA prospective study of all patients admitted to National Health Service (NHS) in-patient psychiatric care in England (1997–2008). Suicide rates were determined using National Confidential Inquiry and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data.ResultsOver the study period there were 1942 psychiatric in-patient suicides. Between the first 2 years of the study (1997, 1998) and the last 2 years (2007, 2008) the rate of in-patient suicide fell by nearly one-third from 2.45 to 1.68 per 100 000 bed days. This fall in rate was observed for males and females, across ethnicities and diagnoses. It was most marked for patients aged 15–44 years. Rates also fell for the most common suicide methods, particularly suicide by hanging on the ward (a 59% reduction). Although the number of post-discharge suicides fell, the rate of post-discharge suicide may have increased by 19%. The number of suicide deaths in those under the care of crisis resolution/home treatment teams has increased in recent years to approximately 160 annually.ConclusionsThe rate of suicide among psychiatric in-patients in England has fallen considerably. Possible explanations include falling general population rates, changes in the at-risk population or improved in-patient safety. However, a transfer of risk to the period after discharge or other clinical settings such as crisis resolution teams cannot be ruled out.
Congruences for convolutions of Hilbert modular forms
Authors: WARD THOMAS 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLet f be a primitive, cuspidal Hilbert modular form of parallel weight. We investigate the Rankin convolution L-values L(f,g,s), where g is a theta-lift modular form corresponding to a finite-order character. We prove weak forms of Kato's ‘false Tate curve’ congruences for these values, of the form predicted by conjectures in non-commmutative Iwasawa theory.
Hepatitis C prevalence in injecting drug users in Europe, 1990–2007: impact of study recruitment setting
Authors: RONDY M. , WIESSING L. , HUTCHINSON S. J. , MATHEÏ C. , MATHIS F. , MRAVCIK V. , NORDEN L. , ROSIŃSKA M. , SCUTELNICIUC O. , SULIGOI B. , VALLEJO F. , VAN VEEN M. , KRETZSCHMAR M. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYMonitoring injecting drug users' (IDUs) health is challenging because IDUs form a difficult to reach population. We examined the impact of recruitment setting on hepatitis C prevalence. Individual datasets from 12 studies were merged. Predictors of HCV positivity were sought through a multilevel analysis using a mixed-effects logistic model, with study identifier as random intercept. HCV prevalence ranged from 21% to 86% across the studies. Overall, HCV prevalence was higher in IDUs recruited in drug treatment centres compared to those recruited in low-threshold settings (74% and 42%, respectively, P < 0·001). Recruitment setting remained significantly associated with HCV prevalence after adjustment for duration of injecting and recent injection (adjusted odds ratio 0·7, 95% confidence interval 0·6–0·8, P = 0·05). Recruitment setting may have an impact on HCV prevalence estimates of IDUs in Europe. Assessing the impact of mixed recruitment strategies, including respondent-driven sampling, on HCV prevalence estimates, would be valuable.
Nationwide surveillance study of human astrovirus infections in an Italian paediatric population
Authors: DE GRAZIA S. , MARTELLA V. , CHIRONNA M. , BONURA F. , TUMMOLO F. , CALDERARO A. , MOSCHIDOU P. , GIAMMANCO G. M. , MEDICI M. C. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThe study investigated the genetic diversity of human astroviruses (HAstVs) detected in children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in Italy in 2008–2009. A total of 1321 faecal samples were collected in Parma (northern Italy), Bari (southern Italy), and Palermo (Sicily) and screened for the presence of HAstVs. RT–PCR amplification of a portion at the 5′-end of ORF2 allowed the detection of HAstVs in 3·95% of the patients. Four different genotypes (HAstV-1, HAstV-2, HAstV-4, HAstV-5) were found to be circulating during the study period, with HAstV-1 being the predominant type. Interestingly, a novel lineage, proposed as HAstV-2d, was found to have emerged in Parma in 2009. Investigating the genetic variability of HAstVs will be important for understanding the epidemiological trends and evolution of these viruses.