bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erwartungen der Generation Z an Lehr- und Prüfungsmethoden im österreichischen Medizinstudium
Authors: Schöfl Rainer , Weilguny-Schöfl Gerlinde , Ziachehabi Alexander , Mandorfer Mattias , Fickert Peter 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen einer „Summer School“ der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie (ÖGGH) wurden Medizinstudierende, die meisten im letzten Studienjahr, zu Lehr‑, Lern- und Prüfungsmethoden sowie zu Berufsbildern befragt. Österreichische Medizinstudierende, die meisten gehören der Generation Z (geboren zwischen 1995 und 2009) an, bevorzugen Präsenz- gegenüber Onlineunterricht, wollen ergänzend elektronische Lernunterlagen, Vorbereitungsvideos und Falldiskussionen in Seminaren und POL-Gruppen (problemorientiertes Lernen). Mündliche Prüfungen werden gegenüber schriftlichen Prüfungsformaten bevorzugt. Die von Studierenden favorisierten Lehrveranstaltungen und Lehrmethoden sowie Prüfungstypen unterliegen einem generationsbedingten Wandel. Akademische Lehrpersonen im Allgemeinen und Curriculums-Verantwortliche im Besonderen sollten diese Präferenzen kennen.
Evaluating precision medicine tools in cystic fibrosis for racial and ethnic fairness
Authors: Colegate Stephen P. , Palipana Anushka , Gecili Emrah , Szczesniak Rhonda D. , Brokamp Cole 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience frequent episodes of acute decline in lung function called pulmonary exacerbations (PEx). An existing clinical and place-based precision medicine algorithm that accurately predicts PEx could include racial and ethnic biases in clinical and geospatial training data, leading to unintentional exacerbation of health inequities.

Methods:
We estimated receiver operating characteristic curves based on predictions from a nonstationary Gaussian stochastic process model for PEx within 3, 6, and 12 months among 26,392 individuals aged 6 years and above (2003–2017) from the US CF Foundation Patient Registry. We screened predictors to identify reasons for discriminatory model performance.

Results:
The precision medicine algorithm performed worse predicting a PEx among Black patients when compared with White patients or to patients of another race for all three prediction horizons. There was little to no difference in prediction accuracies among Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients for the same prediction horizons. Differences in F508del, smoking households, secondhand smoke exposure, primary and secondary road densities, distance and drive time to the CF center, and average number of clinical evaluations were key factors associated with race.

Conclusions:
Racial differences in prediction accuracies from our PEx precision medicine algorithm exist. Misclassification of future PEx was attributable to several underlying factors that correspond to race: CF mutation, location where the patient lives, and clinical awareness. Associations of our proxies with race for CF-related health outcomes can lead to systemic racism in data collection and in prediction accuracies from precision medicine algorithms constructed from it.
Inventing traditional authority: Lhomwe chiefs in Malawi
Authors: Robinson Amanda Lea 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTChiefs in Malawi exercise significant authority based on legitimacy derived from the position's purportedly deep historical origins. But, does such legitimacy confer when a new chieftaincy is created from scratch? I address this question within the context of an ongoing cultural revival of the Lhomwe ethnic group in Malawi, which has included the appointment of many new Lhomwe chiefs and the creation of a Lhomwe paramount chieftaincy. Using a combination of in-depth interviews and original survey data, I explore the political drivers, mechanisms and implications of the this newly created Lhomwe chieftaincy. I find that its creation was driven by top-down, elite-led action rather than citizen demands, and that the newly appointed chiefs enjoy the most support among urban-based backers of the political party responsible for their appointments. This research contributes to historical work on the colonial-era creation of chieftaincies, but does so using a contemporary case of cultural engineering.
Molecular characterization of influenza virus circulating in Nepal in the year 2019
Authors: Mehta Rachana , Jha Bimalesh Kumar , Awal Balkrishna , Sah Ranjit , Shrestha Lilee , Sherpa Chhoting , Shrestha Smriti , Jha Runa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInfluenza (sometimes referred to as “flu”) is a contagious viral infection of the airways in the lungs that affects a significant portion of the world's population. Clinical symptoms of influenza virus infections can range widely, from severe pneumonia to moderate or even asymptomatic sickness. If left untreated, influenza can have more severe effects on the heart, brain, and lungs than on the respiratory tract and can necessitate hospitalization. This study was aimed to investigate and characterize all types of influenza cases prevailing in Nepal and to analyze seasonal occurrence of Influenza in Nepal in the year 2019. A cross sectional, retrospective and descriptive study was carried out at National Influenza Center (NIC), National Public Health Laboratory Kathmandu Nepal for the period of one year (Jan–Dec 2019). A total of 3606 throat swab samples from various age groups and sexes were processed at the NIC. The specimens were primarily stored at 4 °C and processed using ABI 7500 RT PCR system for the identification of Influenza virus types and subtypes. Data accessed for research purpose were retrieved from National Influenza Centre (NIC) on 1st Jan 2020. Of the total 3606 patients suspected of having influenza infection, influenza viruses were isolated from 1213 (33.6%) patients with male predominance. The highest number of infection was caused by Influenza A/Pdm09 strain 739 (60.9%) followed by Influenza B 304 (25.1%) and Influenza A/H3 169 (13.9%) and most remarkable finding of this study was the detection of H5N1 in human which is the first ever case of such infection in human from Nepal. Similar to other tropical nations, influenza viruses were detected year-round in various geographical locations of Nepal. The influenza virus type and subtypes that were in circulation in Nepal were comparable to vaccine candidate viruses, which the currently available influenza vaccine may prevent.
An ab initio molecular dynamics investigation of the behaviour of amorphous substances in anodic aluminium oxide under electric field
Authors: An Zeyu , Sun Shiyang , Dong Binghai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn order to elucidate the diffusion behaviour of ions in alumina during the anodic alumina process, the effects of electric field strength, hydration content, and electrolyte on amorphous alumina and hydrated alumina were studied using ab initio molecular dynamics. The results show that the diffusion rate of ions in alumina increases with the increase in electric field strength, but there is an extreme value. The maximum diffusion rate of Al ions in alumina monohydrate is 21.8 μm2/ms/V, while in alumina trihydrate, it is 16.7 μm2/ms/V. The ionic diffusion rate of hydrated alumina is one to two orders of magnitude larger than that of anhydrous amorphous alumina due to the effect of the drag of H ions, which reduces the migration activation energy. Electrolytes also affect the diffusion rate of alumina through the action of H ions. The increase in H ions will not only enhance the diffusion rate of hydrated alumina but also render the hydrous compound more vulnerable to breakdown.
Application of an improved wide–narrow-band hybrid ANC algorithm in a large commercial vehicle cabine
Authors: Su Jintao , Nie Jinquan , Chen Shuming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, active noise reduction technology has become a research hotspot. However, most active noise reduction technologies are developed based on passenger vehicles and are not implemented in large commercial vehicles. The large commercial vehicle sound field space is large, the traditional active noise reduction method is difficult to implement. In order to explore this problem, this paper proposes an improved active noise control method for commercial vehicles: (1) based on the traditional notch filter, a notch FxLMS algorithm based on speed smoothing is proposed; (2) on the basis of the traditional wire–narrowband hybrid ANC algorithm, the reference signal weighting technology is introduced into the wide-band subsystem, and the notch FxLMS algorithm based on speed smoothing is used as the narrowband subsystem, so as to propose an improved wire-narrowband hybrid ANC algorithm. With the help of MATLAB, the simulation model of the designed algorithm is established, and the collected commercial vehicle test noise data is used as the reference signal to simulate and verify the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed method has certain practicability.
Ultrasonography of the normal donkey tarsus (equus asinus)
Authors: Almohamad Zakriya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTarsal joint illness is a frequent source of hind limb lameness due to the complex anatomy of the region and the presence of numerous bony and soft tissue structures. Proper lameness diagnosis aims to discover the structure provoking lameness. Ultrasonography documents valuable information of soft tissues and characterizes soft tissue injuries that have heretofore been difficult to obtain either noninvasively or via radiography. The objectives of the current study were to develop and describe a standardized ultrasonographic protocol for investigation of the tarsal region in donkeys. The donkey tarsal anatomy was investigated in 5 cadavers and the tarsi of 11 healthy lameness free adult donkeys were echographically investigated. The dorsal, plantar, lateral and medial aspects of the tarsal region were substantially evaluated at four anatomical landmarks in both the longitudinal and horizontal planes using a multi-frequency 5–12 MHz linear transducer. Sonoanatomy of the extensor and flexor tarsal tendons, collateral and plantar ligaments, and synovial pouches was delineated and described. Systematic echography of the tarsal region allowed accurate localization and thorough exploration of various soft tissues of clinical interest in the donkey tarsus. Sonograms provided in this study should serve as a reference database for tarsal ultrasonography in clinical circumstances.
Multicriteria optimization of the composition, thermodynamic and strength properties of fly-ash as an additive in metakaolin-based geopolymer composites
Authors: Le Van Su , Sharko Artem , Sharko Oleksandr , Stepanchikov Dmitry , Buczkowska Katarzyna Ewa , Louda Petr 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the construction of intelligent systems for selecting the optimum concentration of geopolymer matrix components based on ranking optimality criteria. A peculiarity of the methodology is replacing discrete time intervals with a sequence of states. Markov chains represent a synthetic property accumulating heterogeneous factors. The computational basis for the calculations was the digitization of experimental data on the strength properties of fly ashes collected from thermal power plants in the Czech Republic and used as additives in geopolymers. A database and a conceptual model of priority ranking have been developed, that are suitable for determining the structure of relations of the main factors. Computational results are presented by studying geopolymer matrix structure formation kinetics under changing component concentrations in real- time. Multicriteria optimization results for fly-ash as an additive on metakaolin-based geopolymer composites show that the optimal composition of the geopolymer matrix within the selected variation range includes 100 g metakaolin, 90 g potassium activator, 8 g silica fume, 2 g basalt fibers and 50 g fly ash by ratio weight. This ratio gives the best mechanical, thermal, and technological properties.
YANK2 activated by Fyn promotes glioma tumorigenesis via the mTOR-independent p70S6K activation pathway
Authors: Shi Yue , Cheng Yue , Wang Wei , Tang Liu , Li Wensheng , Zhang Liyuan , Yuan Zheng , Zhu Feng , Duan Qiuhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlioma, particularly glioblastomas (GBM), is incurable brain tumor. The most targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs) drugs did not bring benefit to GBM patients. The mechanism of glioma growth continues to be explored to find more effective treatment. Here, we reported that Ser/Thr protein kinase YANK2 (yet another kinase 2) is upregulated in glioma tissues and promotes the growth and proliferation of glioma in vitro and in vivo. Further, we confirmed that oncogene Fyn directly activated YANK2 through phosphorylation its Y110, and Fyn-mediated YANK2 phosphorylation at Y110 site promotes glioma growth by increasing its stability. Finally, YANK2 was proved to be a novel upstream kinase of p70S6K and promotes glioma growth by directly phosphorylating p70S6K at T389. Taken together, we found a new mTOR-independent p70S6K activation pathway, Fyn-YANK2-p70S6K, which promotes glioma growth, and YANK2 is a potential oncogene and serves as a novel therapeutic target for glioma.
Predicting vehicle travel time on city streets for trip preplanning and predicting heavy traffic for proactive control of street congestion
Authors: Nofal Samer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe investigate if the vehicle travel time after 6 h on a given street can be predicted, provided the hourly vehicle travel time on the street in the last 19 h. Likewise, we examine if the traffic status (i.e., low, mild, or high) after 6 h on a given street can be predicted, provided the hourly traffic status of the street in the last 19 h. To pursue our objectives, we exploited historical hourly traffic data from Google Maps for a main street in the capital city of Jordan, Amman. We employ several machine learning algorithms to construct our predictive models: neural networks, gradient boosting, support vector machines, AdaBoost, and nearest neighbors. Our experimental results confirm our investigations positively, such that our models have an accuracy of around 98–99% in predicting vehicle travel time and traffic status on our study’s street for the target hour (i.e., after 6 h from a specific point in time). Moreover, given our time series traffic data and our constructed predictive models, we inspect the most critical indicators of street traffic status and vehicle travel time after 6 h on our study’s street. However, as we elaborate in the article, our predictive models do not agree on the degree of importance of our data features.
Parameter free AEWMA control chart for dispersion in semiconductor manufacturing
Authors: Zaagan Abdullah A. , Khan Imad , Alzahrani Ali Rashash R. , Ahmad Bakhtiyar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study presents a new parameter free adaptive exponentially weighted moving average (AEWMA) control chart tailored for monitoring process dispersion, utilizing an adaptive approach for determining the smoothing constant. This chart is crafted to adeptly detect shifts within anticipated ranges in process dispersion by dynamically computing the smoothing constant. To assess its effectiveness, the chart’s performance is measured through concise run-length profiles generated from Monte Carlo simulations. A notable aspect is the incorporation of an unbiased estimator in computing the smoothing constant through the suggested function, thereby improving the chart’s capability to identify different levels of increasing and decreasing shifts in process dispersion. The comparison with an established adaptive EWMA-S2 dispersion chart highlights the considerable efficiency of the proposed chart in addressing diverse magnitudes of process dispersion shifts. Additionally, the study includes an application to a real-life dataset, showcasing the practicality and user-friendly nature of the proposed chart in real-world situations.
Prevalence of Dysphonia and Dysphagia Among Adults in the United States in 2012 and 2022
Authors: Hong Ickpyo , Bae Suyeong , Lee Ho Kyung , Bonilha Heather Shaw 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of dysphonia and dysphagia among adults in the United States between 2012 and 2022.

Method:
A retrospective and cross-sectional design with national surveys was used. The 2012 and 2022 National Health Interview Surveys were utilized to estimate the number of adults reporting dysphonia and dysphagia in the past 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine associations between the survey year (2022 vs. 2012) and the prevalence rate of dysphonia and dysphagia while accounting for demographics and clinical characteristics.

Results:

The population-estimated mean age was 46.63 years in 2012, which increased to 48.12 years in 2022. In 2012, adults reporting dysphonia and dysphagia were 17.89 million (7.62%) and 9.44 million (4.02%), respectively. In 2022, these estimates increased to 29.92 million adults (11.71%) and 15.10 million adults (5.91%), respectively. Adults in 2022 had significantly higher odds for reporting dysphonia (odds ratio [
OR
] = 1.602, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] [1.486, 1.726],
p
< .0001) and dysphagia (
OR
= 1.461, 95% CI [1.328, 1.606],
p
< .0001) in the past 12 months compared to adults in 2012.

Conclusions:
The population-estimates indicated that in 2022, dysphonia affected one in 8.5 adults and dysphagia affected one in 17 adults. The increase in prevalence of these disorders should serve as a call-to-action to improve access to care and research for voice and swallowing disorders.
Satellite group infall into the Milky Way: Exploring the Crater-Leo case with new HST proper motions
Authors: Júlio Mariana P. , Pawlowski Marcel S. , Tony Sohn Sangmo , Taibi Salvatore , van der Marel Roeland P. , McGaugh Stacy S. 
Published: May 2024

Context. Within Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) simulations, Milky Way-like galaxies accrete some of their satellite galaxies in groups of 3–5 members rather than individually, and this has been suggested as a possible mechanism driving the formation of satellite planes. Objects accreted in groups are expected to share similar specific total energy and angular momentum, and to also have identical orbital planes and directions.
Aims. Looking at observatio ns of Milky Way satellites, the dwarf galaxies Leo II, IV, V, and Crater II, and the star cluster Crater 1 were proposed to be a vestige of group infall. The suggested ‘Crater-Leo group’ shows a coherent distance gradient and all these objects align along a great circle on the sky. We used proper motion data to investigate whether the phase-space distribution of the members of the proposed group are indeed consistent with group infall.
Methods. To further investigate this possibility, we used Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) and new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) proper motions – namely, (μα*, μδ) = (−0.1921 ± 0.0514, −0.0686 ± 0.0523) mas yr−1 for Leo IV and (μα*, μδ) = (0.1186 ± 0.1943, −0.1183 ± 0.1704) mas yr−1 for Leo V – to derive accurate orbital properties for the proposed group objects. In addition, we explored other possible members of this putative association.
Results. Leo II, Leo IV, and Crater 1 show orbital properties consistent with those we predict from assuming group infall. However, our results suggest that Crater II was not accreted with the rest of the objects. If confirmed with increasingly accurate proper motions in the future, the Crater-Leo objects would appear to constitute the first identified case of a cosmologically expected, typical group infall event, as opposed to the highly hierarchical Magellanic Cloud system.
Enantioselective Silylative Desymmetrization of meso-Indane-1,3-diols Catalyzed by Chiral Guanidines
Authors: Nakata Kenya , Ui Ayano , Iwakura Manaya , Yoshimatsu Shuhei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChiral guanidine-catalyzed desymmetrization of meso-indan-1,3-diols was achieved via enantioselective silylation by using chlorosilanes in good yields with high selectivity. The combination of chlorosilanes and catalysts was determined by the substituents at the C-2 position on the substrate. It was found that the fused phenyl ring on the substrate was essential for achieving high selectivity. The proposed method was found to be applicable to several types of substrates under optimized reaction conditions. Double silylative kinetic resolution with additive Horeau amplification was observed to establish high selectivity.
Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Mismetti Valentine , Si-Mohamed Salim , Cottin Vincent 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by a tripod combining vasculopathy, fibrosis, and immune-mediated inflammatory processes. The prevalence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in SSc varies according to the methods used to detect it, ranging from 25 to 95%. The fibrotic and vascular pulmonary manifestations of SSc, particularly ILD, are the main causes of morbidity and mortality, contributing to 35% of deaths. Although early trials were conducted with cyclophosphamide, more recent randomized controlled trials have been performed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of several medications, mostly mycophenolate, rituximab, tocilizumab, and nintedanib. Although many uncertainties remain, expert consensus is emerging to optimize the therapeutic management and to provide clinicians with evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for patients with SSc-ILD. This article provides an overview, in the light of the latest advances, of the available evidence for the diagnosis and management of SSc-ILD.
Perspective: Atomistic simulations of water and aqueous systems with machine learning potentials
Authors: Omranpour Amir , Montero De Hijes Pablo , Behler Jörg , Dellago Christoph 
Published: May 2024

As the most important solvent, water has been at the center of interest since the advent of computer simulations. While early molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations had to make use of simple model potentials to describe the atomic interactions, accurate ab initio molecular dynamics simulations relying on the first-principles calculation of the energies and forces have opened the way to predictive simulations of aqueous systems. Still, these simulations are very demanding, which prevents the study of complex systems and their properties. Modern machine learning potentials (MLPs) have now reached a mature state, allowing us to overcome these limitations by combining the high accuracy of electronic structure calculations with the efficiency of empirical force fields. In this Perspective, we give a concise overview about the progress made in the simulation of water and aqueous systems employing MLPs, starting from early work on free molecules and clusters via bulk liquid water to electrolyte solutions and solid–liquid interfaces.
Intertextual satire in media discourse
Authors: Doichyk Oksana , Yurchyshyn Vita , Velykoroda Yuriy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The paper investigates intertextual satire in media discourse from the cognitive linguistic perspective. Within
the frameworks of conceptual blending theory and the theory of precedent-related phenomena, we examine the cognitive processes of
producing and understanding intertextual satire. By modelling conceptual integration networks, we aim to specify the cognitive
mechanisms and operations involved in decoding intertextual satirical articles, drawing on examples from Private
Eye magazine. The study demonstrates that the basic cognitive mechanism involved in creating intertextual satire is
blending, and, in contrast to ironic utterances, which involve two contexts, in intertextual satire one and the same scenario
unfolds in three contexts: real, fictional, and satirical. Thus, the blend that occurs as a result of combining real and fictional
scenarios is verbalised and obvious to the recipient. The emergent structure, based on the blend, represents the intended
(non-verbalised) meaning of intertextual satire, namely indirect criticism of the real situation under focus.