bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Interface Engineering and Phase Tuning of CeO2‐Decorated Catalysts for Boosted Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Qingyi , Mu Xijiao , Kang Fuyun , Xie Shiyu , Yan Chun‐Hua , Tang Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysts have attracted extensive attention among various emerging catalysts for their exceptional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) capabilities, outperforming their single‐component counterparts. Nonetheless, the synthesis of heterogeneous materials with predictable, precise, and facile control remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a novel strategy involving the decoration of catalysts with CeO2 is introduced to concurrently engineer heterogeneous interfaces and adjust phase composition, thereby enhancing OER performance. Theoretical calculations suggest that the presence of ceria reduces the free energy barrier for the conversion of nitrides into metals. Supporting this, the experimental findings reveal that the incorporation of rare earth oxides enables the controlled phase transition from nitride into metal, with the proportion adjustable by varying the amount of added rare earth. Thanks to the role of CeO2 decoration in promoting the reaction kinetics and fostering the formation of the genuine active phase, the optimized Ni3FeN/Ni3Fe/CeO2‐5% nanoparticles heterostructure catalyst exhibits outstanding OER activity, achieving an overpotential of just 249 mV at 10 mA cm−2. This approach offers fresh perspectives for the conception of highly efficient heterogeneous OER catalysts, contributing a strategic avenue for advanced catalytic design in the field of energy conversion.
Unsupervised structural damage identification based on covariance matrix and deep clustering
Authors: Zhang Xianwen , Wang Zifa , Zhao Dengke , Wang Jianming , Li Zhaoyan 
Published: April 2024

SummaryStructural damage identification is a major task in structural health monitoring. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been widely applied in the research of structural damage identification. Supervised algorithms require expert labeling, making it difficult to implement in engineering applications. Unsupervised structural damage identification algorithms are generally divided into two parts: damage‐sensitive factor extraction and damage determination. Existing algorithms all perform these two steps separately. This paper proposes a damage identification method combining covariance matrix and improved deep embedding clustering network (IDEC). IDEC can perform damage‐sensitive factor extraction and damage determination operations at the same time. The covariance matrix that introduces delay information contains rich damage features, and the combination of the two has been proven to effectively mine the damage‐sensitive feature space. After network hyperparameter optimization via Bayesian optimization, the proposed method is applied to the damage identification and quantification using real bridge acceleration response data under vehicle load. The results show that this method can identify structural damage with an accuracy of up to 97% with better performance than existing technologies, and it also has great performance in identifying small damages. The proposed method is expected to increase the damage identification accuracy if applied in engineering practice.
Transvaginal mesh implant for pelvic organ prolapse: Huaxi protocol
Authors: Zhang Jie , Luo Deyi , Shen Hong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith increasing age, pelvic organ prolapse (POP), due to its high incidence, has become a common disease that seriously affects patients’ quality of life and places a heavy economic burden on families and society. Transvaginal mesh (TVM) is a minimally invasive and effective treatment for POP, although its use remains controversial due to the potential risk of mesh‐related complications. The US Foods and Drugs Administration, along with authorities in England, Australia, New Zealand, and other countries, have banned the sale and distribution of commercial TVM kits designed for POP. The TVM procedure remains an option for POP treatment and still appeals to many surgeons and patients today in Asia and most European countries, which suggests that a considerable number of POP patients can benefit from its continued refinement. Here we introduce the Huaxi protocol of the TVM plant for the treatment of POP.
Setting the Stage: Urban Agriculture, Public Space, and Human Well-Being
Authors: Sirowy Beata , Ruggeri Deni 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this chapter the editors reflect on the thematic scope of this publication, situating it in a wider background of urban agriculture research. They claim that to leverage its greatest impact, opportunities to engage in urban cultivation should be widely accessible to all segments of urban population, close to everyone’s home. Worldwide, due to the scarcity of and high costs of land in dense urban inner-city areas, integrating urban agriculture in already existing and planned public spaces seems like the most feasible strategy to achieve this objective. This book wants to support this process by providing theoretical and practical insights on the integration of urban agriculture in public space development – addressing its well-being impacts, design, organization, educational contexts, and urban planning aspects.
Cultivating Virtue: Neo-Aristotelian Concepts in Public Space Development
Authors: Sirowy Beata , Knight Kelvin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we demonstrate how the insights from contemporary Aristotelian ethical and political thought might inform urban planning and challenge its utilitarian norms. We propose the Aristotelian concepts of eudaimonia—which we translate as human well-being or flourishing—and of the virtues (excellences of character and understanding) and civic friendship as guiding concepts for today’s urban development, especially in the design and programming of urban public space.In determining how best to integrate the above-mentioned notions in urban development, we employ the neo-Aristotelian concept of practices, as distinct from organizational institutions, and introduce the concept of communities of virtue proposed by Alasdair MacIntyre. We argue that the development of urban public space should take account of citizens’ participative practices, rather than only of functions that are administratively conceived.We conclude with a discussion of urban agriculture as an example of a practice situated in urban public space—a cooperative activity that cultivates the ethical virtues, sociality, and productive skills of its participants in pursuit of a common good, whilst also contributing to the wider good of local communities.
Motivations, Supporting Factors and Challenges for Urban Agriculture in Public Space: Experiences from Oslo
Authors: Evensen Katinka Horgen , Stafseng Vebjørn Egner 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we present case studies from Oslo (2018–2020), in which we explore ways of integrating urban agriculture in urban public spaces. We collected project initiators’ and managers’ experiences through interviews from eight urban agriculture projects representing a range of typologies, scales, and organizational models, from the city farm to small experimental cultivation projects. The objective is to uncover motivations, organizational issues of urban agriculture in public space, potential well-being impacts for city dwellers, and publicness aspects for a broader community. We find urban agriculture projects’ motivations emphasizing creating social meeting places and learning arenas for cultivation and ecological knowledge. Urban agriculture has also been used as a tool in local urban space development to improve well-being by using urban agriculture in public space to activate and unused space safer, as well as integrating cultivation in green space management in innovative ways. We discuss supporting and challenging factors to succeed with practicing urban agriculture in public space. To ensure accessibility for large and diverse segments of urban populations, we found that perceived publicness of spaces could be increased through deliberate design.
From Prescription to Adaptation in the Future Productive City: Classroom-Inspired Principles for Design and Planning of Urban Agriculture
Authors: Ruggeri Deni 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the educational experiences connected to the Cultivating Public Space project. From the onset, the project sought to engage students in creating a toolbox for urban agriculture in public space. Within the classroom, students translated the research findings, activities, and knowledge co-produced by the project partners into sustainable development and urban regeneration strategies based on urban agriculture communities and fully activate its potential as an engine of community cohesion and integration. This required thinking of urban agriculture as more than a collection of objects—boxes, toolsheds, and paths—but as holistic multifunctional landscapes designed to cultivate biophilia, food justice, public health, and community identity. It also demanded celebrating the uniqueness of each context and building upon each locale’s distinctiveness to co-create new visions exemplified as personal and collective stories of adaptation and transformations for all community members. The chapter ends with reflections on a few emergent principles inspired by the partnership between students and the communities to guide future urban agriculture research and practice.
Dimensions of Vulnerability
Authors: Brito Luciana , Ambrogi Ilana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has been a public health emergency on a global scale, impacting all nations and peoples. As previous health emergencies demonstrated, even when the infectious agent is nonselective, people and contexts are affected differently. Frequently these differences are not due to individual characteristics but to precarious contexts that became even less safe during emergencies, and exacerbate inequalities. An unknown disease that affects the world in a rapid manner brings many challenges. These range from an initial lack of knowledge about the biological effects of the viral infection and how to treat it, to its impacts on resources and economies. Inequitable COVID-19 vaccine distribution can be understood as a categorical example of how the pandemic has had different impacts on different countries and populations, and has exacerbated vulnerabilities. The importance of a comprehensive and considered account of vulnerability in research ethics has been discussed for decades, and this chapter provides an overview of the concept of vulnerability by outlining three dimensions of vulnerability discussed in the literature: the individual, the structural and the relational. These dimensions can overlap and intersect in dynamic and relational ways, especially during public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of paying attention to vulnerability and inclusion in research, and to the development of protections that account for vulnerabilities in research. The cases presented in this chapter provide examples of how the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates pre-existing vulnerabilities and show why it is important to reflect on this. Specifically, they prompt consideration of ethical issues associated with excluding populations such as pregnant women and people with disabilities from research, conducting research with psychiatric patients, and conducting research in impoverished settings with heighted food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Comments on the double cone wormhole
Authors: Chen Yiming , Ivo Victor , Maldacena Juan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper we revisit the double cone wormhole introduced by Saad, Shenker and Stanford (SSS), which was shown to reproduce the ramp in the spectral form factor. As a first approximation we can say that this solution computes Tr[e−iKT], a trace of the “evolution” operator that generates Schwarzschild time translations on the two sided wormhole geometry. This point of view leads to a simple way to compute the normalization factor of the wormhole. When we have bulk matter fields, SSS suggested using a modified evolution $$\widetilde{K}$$ which involves a slightly complex geometry, so that we are really computing $${\text{Tr}}\left[{e}^{-i\widetilde{K}T}\right]$$. We argue that, for general black holes, the spectrum of $$\widetilde{K}$$ is given by quasinormal mode frequencies. We explain that this reproduces various features that were previously predicted from the spectral form factor on hydrodynamics grounds. We also give a general algebraic construction of the modified boost in terms of operators constructed from half sided modular inclusions. For the special case of JT gravity, we work out the backreaction of matter on the geometry of the double cone and find that it deforms the geometry in an undesirable direction. We finally give some comments on the possible physical interpretation of $$\widetilde{K}$$.
Flotillins affect LPS-induced TLR4 signaling by modulating the trafficking and abundance of CD14
Authors: Matveichuk Orest V. , Ciesielska Anna , Hromada-Judycka Aneta , Nowak Natalia , Ben Amor Ichrak , Traczyk Gabriela , Kwiatkowska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a strong pro-inflammatory reaction of macrophages upon activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with the assistance of CD14 protein. Considering a key role of plasma membrane rafts in CD14 and TLR4 activity and the significant impact exerted on that activity by endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of the both LPS acceptors, it seemed likely that the pro-inflammatory reaction could be modulated by flotillins. Flotillin-1 and -2 are scaffolding proteins associated with the plasma membrane and also with endo-membranes, affecting both the plasma membrane dynamics and intracellular protein trafficking. To verify the above hypothesis, a set of shRNA was used to down-regulate flotillin-2 in Raw264 cells, which were found to also become deficient in flotillin-1. The flotillin deficiency inhibited strongly the TRIF-dependent endosomal signaling of LPS-activated TLR4, and to a lower extent also the MyD88-dependent one, without affecting the cellular level of TLR4. The flotillin depletion also inhibited the pro-inflammatory activity of TLR2/TLR1 and TLR2/TLR6 but not TLR3. In agreement with those effects, the depletion of flotillins down-regulated the CD14 mRNA level and the cellular content of CD14 protein, and also inhibited constitutive CD14 endocytosis thereby facilitating its shedding. Ultimately, the cell-surface level of CD14 was markedly diminished. Concomitantly, CD14 recycling was enhanced via EEA1-positive early endosomes and golgin-97-positive trans-Golgi network, likely to compensate for the depletion of the cell-surface CD14. We propose that the paucity of surface CD14 is the reason for the down-regulated signaling of TLR4 and the other TLRs depending on CD14 for ligand binding.
Graphical abstract
Grundprinzipien der operativen Versorgung der distalen Radiusfraktur
Authors: Seeher Ulrike , Bode Simone , Arora Rohit 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie distale Radiusfraktur ist eine der häufigsten Frakturen der oberen Extremität. Nach entsprechender Diagnostik mithilfe von nativradiologischen und meist computertomographischen bildgebenden Untersuchungen fällt die Entscheidung zur konservativen oder zur operativen Therapie. Ist die Indikation zur operativen Versorgung gegeben, stehen diverse Möglichkeiten der Reposition und Fixation zur Verfügung. Das Spektrum reicht von geschlossenen über offene Verfahren bis hin zur unterstützenden begleitenden Arthroskopie. Eine entsprechende präoperative Aufklärung der PatientInnen über den Eingriff sowie die geplante Nachbehandlung ist essenziell. Ziel der Versorgung ist die Wiederherstellung der Handgelenkfunktion unter Erhalt von Beweglichkeit und Kraft bei niedrigem Komplikationsrisiko. Allen operativen Verfahren ist das Prinzip der Reposition zur Wiederherstellung der anatomischen Verhältnisse und anschließender Fixation gemeinsam. Als geschlossene Verfahren stehen die Fixation mit Kirschner-Drähten sowie der Aufbau eines Fixateur externe zur Verfügung. Die palmare winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthese hat sich in den letzten Jahren als Methode der Wahl für einen Großteil der zu versorgenden Frakturen etabliert. Für spezielle Frakturmuster und zur Behandlung von Begleitverletzungen kann eine arthroskopische Unterstützung indiziert sein. Ein einheitlicher Konsensus über die beste Verfahrenswahl besteht nicht. In diesem Beitrag werden die möglichen Verfahren, einschließlich ihrer Zugänge, Fixationstechniken und spezifischer Nachbehandlung, beleuchtet.
Fixed energy solutions to the Euler-Lagrange equations of an indefinite Lagrangian with affine Noether charge
Authors: Caponio Erasmo , Corona Dario , Giambò Roberto , Piccione Paolo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe consider an autonomous, indefinite Lagrangian L admitting an infinitesimal symmetry K whose associated Noether charge is linear in each tangent space. Our focus lies in investigating solutions to the Euler-Lagrange equations having fixed energy and that connect a given point p to a flow line $$\gamma =\gamma (t)$$

γ
=
γ
(
t
)

of K that does not cross p. By utilizing the invariance of L under the flow of K, we simplify the problem into a two-point boundary problem. Consequently, we derive an equation that involves the differential of the “arrival time” t, seen as a functional on the infinite dimensional manifold of connecting paths satisfying the semi-holonomic constraint defined by the Noether charge. When L is positively homogeneous of degree 2 in the velocities, the resulting equation establishes a variational principle that extends the Fermat’s principle in a stationary spacetime. Furthermore, we also analyze the scenario where the Noether charge is affine.
The relationship between CO2 emissions and macroeconomics indicators in low and high-income countries: using artificial intelligence
Authors: Abd El-Aal Mohamed F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to unravel the driving forces behind carbon dioxide emissions in low- and high-income countries by applying gradient boosting and random forest algorithms. The study reveals that gradient boosting demonstrates superior accuracy over random forests in low-income countries, whereas the opposite pattern is observed in high-income countries. Additionally, the study demonstrates that, according to the gradient boosting algorithm-based feature selection, the major influencers of carbon dioxide emissions in low-income countries are the agriculture sector (49.9%), the industry sector (17%), the services sector (10.4%), population size (9.8%), gross domestic product growth (7%), and foreign direct investment inflow (5.3%). Furthermore, random forest algorithm-based feature selection reveals that, in high-income countries, the key drivers of carbon dioxide emissions are the services sector (30.8%), the agriculture sector (27.1%), the industry sector (21.5%), population size (19%), foreign direct investment inflow (1.2% - A different working methodology than low-income countries), and gross domestic product growth (0.4%). Moreover, the study corroborates that low carbon dioxide emissions in low-income countries correlate positively with industrial sector growth, foreign direct investment inflow, gross domestic product, and population size but negatively correlate with the agricultural and service sectors. In the case of high-income countries, carbon dioxide emissions positively correlate with foreign direct investment inflow, industrial and agricultural sector growth, and gross domestic product while exhibiting a negative correlation with population size and service sector growth.
Analysis of Fennel Breeding Populations Based on Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) Testing via Morphological Descriptors and DNA Molecular Markers
Authors: Akbari Azam , Bahmani Keivan , Kazan Murat , Bilgin Ömer Faruk , Rahimi Jawed , Darbandi Ali Izadi , Kafkas Nesibe Ebru , Kafkas Salih 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A bred plant variety is a valuable tool for enhancing crop production and total yield. Recently, our breeding team developed three high seed yielding synthetic cultivars of bitter fennel. To characterize these newly breeding populations and differentiate them from each other and their parental populations, we conducted a Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) assessment using morphological traits evaluated over two consecutive years, as well as 20 Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. The evaluation of morphological traits revealed that, five of qualitative traits exhibited monomorphism, while two other qualitative traits displayed polymorphism. Additionally, the investigation of eight quantitative traits showcased significant diversity. The Combined Over Years Distinctiveness analysis at a 1% significance level, based on eight quantitative characteristics, indicated distinctiveness for two breeding populations, namely Early and Medium Maturity Synthetic cultivars, compared to other populations. The Combined Over Years Uniformity analysis identified that all of the breeding populations and their parental populations were uniform in terms of the measured traits. The differences between Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation and Genotypic Coefficients of Variation were not particularly noticeable in the experimental material used currently. The majority of the measured traits showed high heritability, highlighting their stability over time. PCA utilized for quantitative morphological features, the first two principal components collectively accounted for more than 86.8% of the phenotypic variation. Subsequently, a dendrogram was constructed, which clustered breeding and parental populations into three distinct groups. The 15 SCoT markers produced a total of 164 extended fragments, with 139 (85%) of them showed polymorphic.The genetic similarity between the populations exhibited a range of 0.08–0.81, and cluster analysis utilizing Jaccard similarity coefficients and the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) technique revealed clear distinctions among the three breeding populations and their parental populations. Altogether, the findings indicate that morphological DUS descriptors effectively distinguish some the populations, while others with overlapping expressions cannot be discriminated. Notably, SCoT markers demonstrate a fine ability to detect distinctions among fennel populations, suggesting the possibility of utilizing them as a complement to morphological traits in the DUS test. As a conclusion, these three newly breeding populations of fennel are distinct from each other and from their parental populations, and they can advance for registration and seed purity testing.