bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The key characteristics of different types of employees: a summary of six studies
Authors: Kim Chong W. , Smith Harlan M. , Sikula Andrew , Anderson Lorraine P. 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is, first, to summarize six studies which analyze the key characteristics of different types of employees. Three types of employees found in workplaces all over the world are identified as “Necessities,” “Commoners,” and “Parasites” and, second, to combine the results of these studies in order to identify the key traits and behaviors that characterize each type of worker across a variety of social and cultural settings.Design/methodology/approachFor starters, three types of employees are defined. First, a person is a Necessity if s/he is irreplaceable and critical to the functioning of an organization. Second, a Commoner is a person of normal ability and talent who has no significant impact on organizational processes. Last, Parasites are detrimental freeloaders who damage the functioning of an organization. To identify the principal characteristics of these three types of workers, a group of researchers led by the first author conducted six studies in which they collected survey data from undergraduate and graduate business students in the USA, India, Korea, Chile, and Japan.FindingsThe authors note the points of commonality and difference across the data sets, and offer their thoughts on future research in the area. The perceptions of what characterizes really good workers (people of Necessity) and very bad workers (Parasites) appear to be the same in all five countries. The picture painted for the Commoner across all data sets, however, is not as clear‐cut.Originality/valueThe study described in this paper helps to explain both similarities and differences in employee characteristics between and among workers in different countries and cultures.
A success versus failure prediction model for small businesses in Singapore
Authors: Siow Song Teng Harold , Singh Bhatia Gurpreet , Anwar Sajid 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the potential success and failure of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory business success versus failure (S/F) prediction model is introduced, modeled after the Lussier prediction model, using data from Singapore. Using logistic regression analysis, it is found that the Lussier model (p=0.057) and the exploratory model (p=0.047) are significant predictors of business success and failure.FindingsThe Lussier model accurately predicted 85.6 percent of the surveyed firms and explained 25 percent of the variance of contributing factors to S/F, and the exploratory model explained 86.3 and 38 percent of the same, respectively. SMEs regard the top four most important factors contributing to their business S/F as: employment, training, and the retainment of high‐quality staff members; prevalence of good products, services, and optimum timing in introducing these in the marketplace; excellent relationships with customers and availability of top managers with good leadership qualities.Research limitations/implicationsIt is surprising that while pursuing their respective business activities, the SMEs surveyed in this study regarded government policy and the availability of business finance, amongst other factors, of lesser importance compared to the above‐mentioned four broad variables.Originality/valueThis paper establishes benchmarks that could be helpful to decision makers for improving future business‐related policy formulation and research. Business leaders could pursue their goal of ensuring business successes with better personnel management and leadership training by, for example, taking more business management and leadership courses and personal development. Government public policy makers and others could utilize such a model to assess a firm's potential for success so that society could benefit via the allocation of limited resources toward higher potential firms.
Consumer evaluation of continuous and discontinuous innovation
Authors: Gammoh Bashar S. , Voss Kevin E. , Skiver Ryan 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how brand equity levels influence the evaluation of continuous vs discontinuous innovation of new products and the moderating effects of consumer's product category knowledge (PCK).Design/methodology/approachA 2×2 between‐subjects experiment that varied innovation type (continuous/discontinuous) and brand equity level (high/low) was conducted in order to test study hypotheses.FindingsStudy results offer new understanding of how brand equity and PCK influence subject's evaluation of discontinuous vs continuous innovation and provides valuable managerial insights into the potential value of such strategies.Originality/valueBeing innovative is critical to companies' success. Yet, almost half of the new products introduced in the USA are either cancelled or fail to meet targeted financial returns. Within this reality, it is not surprising that research into consumer response to new product innovation has grown over the last decade. This paper extends the current literature by explicating the interaction effects of two sources of knowledge on influencing consumer evaluation of innovation, that is, PCK as well as brand‐specific knowledge as reflected by brand equity level.
The determinants of FDI in Mauritius: a dynamic time series investigation
Authors: Seetanah Boopen , Rojid Sawkut 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to supplement the literature on the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) by bringing new evidences for the case of a successful FDI recipient country in Africa, namely Mauritius.Design/methodology/approachThe determinants of FDI are examined by specifying a reduced‐form specification for a demand for inward direct investment function, and by making use of a dynamic framework. In the absence of cointegration, a differenced vector autoregressive (DVAR) model is used to capture the short‐run dynamics of the growth rate of the different specified variables.FindingsThe most instrumental factors appear to be trade openness, wages and the quality of labour in the country. Size of the market is reported to have a relatively lesser impact on FDI, probably related to the limited size of the population and the domestic market on the one hand and the good export opportunities from Mauritius on the other. The significant coefficient of the lagged dependent variable suggests the presence of dynamism in the system.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is based mainly on the case study of a single country and therefore, imposes limitations on the generalizability of some of the findings to the region. As such, availability of a longer time series would have been better.Practical implicationsResearch findings suggest that in addition to giving fiscal investment incentives, the government should also ensure that labour costs remain competitive and do not increase relatively faster than other FDI recipient countries. Moreover, the state should realize that labour cost alone is not a stand‐alone ingredient and that productivity of workers remains a big challenge. As such, adoption of appropriate but prudent measures in further opening up of the economy to international trade remains an interesting avenue given the limited potential for foreign direct investors.Originality/valueAn overwhelming number of studies have focused on samples of developed countries with relatively very few works conducted on the determinants of FDI to Africa. This paper attempts to supplement the related literature and additionally uses rigorous time series analysis to model the dynamism in FDI modelling, an element largely ignored by past studies.
Emerging critical generic managerial competencies
Authors: Wadongo Billy , Kambona Oscar , Odhuno Edwin 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify emerging critical generic managerial competencies in the Kenyan hotel industry.Design/methodology/approachA cross‐sectional survey research design was used to gather primary data using self‐administered questionnaires. The population was composed of hospitality managers from ten five‐star hotels in Nairobi and Mombasa, Kenya. A sample of 160 hospitality managers was selected proportionately by simple random sample method.FindingsSeveral critical generic management competencies are emerging in the Kenyan hospitality industry. However, there is a gap between utilization and importance of managerial competencies in Kenya. Managers do not value human relations competencies.Practical implicationsHotels and training institutions need to enhance acquisition of generic managerial competencies in their management development programs and curricula, respectively.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on both the level of utilization of managerial competencies and the level of importance attached to managerial competencies. It contributes to a new body of knowledge in management literature in Kenya. The paper has value to researchers, hospitality graduates and students, hospitality educators and human resource managers in Kenya.
Helping to learn? Learning opportunities for seconded corporate managers
Authors: Tomasini Rolando M. 
Published: May 2011

PurposeHumanitarian disasters strike overnight causing urgent demands for assistance in complex environments. Attending to the needs of the beneficiaries requires highly trained and knowledgeable staff. However, humanitarian agencies can neither afford, nor keep on standby full‐time staff with a wide range of knowledge and expertise to meet all possible needs. Some agencies have gained access to additional trained staff through partnership agreements with the private sector. These secondments augment the capacity of humanitarian agencies placing corporate managers in a different setting where they can test their knowledge and skills. The purpose of this paper is to provide arguments to build a business case for corporate managers to be seconded to humanitarian relief operations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses case study research and academic literature.FindingsThe paper provides a list of the managerial roles of humanitarian logisticians to identify the learning opportunities available to seconded staff operating in disaster relief operations. The list of roles may be considered learning opportunities for corporate managers in a different context and setting.Social implicationsThe paper shows that there is a possibility to augment the response capacity of humanitarian agencies with corporate managers during a disaster.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on the value of learning during emergency operations for corporate managers.
The major components of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Hung Chen Chih 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a procedure for identifying a corporate social responsibility (CSR) model with best goodness‐of‐fit. This research constructed a model of which CSR was mainly influenced by four core components: accountability, transparency, competitiveness, and responsibility.Design/methodology/approachThe data presented in this study were collected from companies in the year 2009 in Taiwan using questionnaires, and in total 185 companies were analyzed. Structural equation modeling was applied to assess the proposed CSR model containing four latent factors and 13 observation indicators.FindingsThe results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the correlation among four latent variables was significant, and the second‐order factor structure fit the observed data well.Research limitations/implicationsThe result supported the proposed model that four constructs played a dominant role toward CSR. Business leaders therefore could have clearer perspectives while facing challenges regarding CSR issues.Originality/valueThe paper shows that while developing business strategies, companies taking accountability and transparency as priority would strengthen their competitiveness and generate responsibility and in turn lead to CSR. Companies would obtain great advantages in the long run.
Australian managers' experience of global human rights issues
Authors: Lynne Pedigo Kerry , Mary Marshall Verena 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of Australian managers in relation to human rights issues and corporate responsibility inherent in their international business operations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports findings from a qualitative research study; data were gathered from 70 face‐to‐face interviews with managers in the mining, textile and information technology industries who conducted international operations. The research method used was the critical incident technique, allowing interviewees to recall their observations and anecdotes in dealing with their perceived ethical dilemmas when operating offshore.FindingsHuman rights issues represented a serious dilemma for the Australian managers participating in this research. Findings in this study suggest that such issues, and resultant perceived dilemmas around their management, included child labour, hazardous working conditions, discrimination and exploitation of workers. The issues present self‐reported major dilemmas for managers as they challenge human rights concepts that underline their own ethical values in relation to the treatment of others in work environments. Respondents in this study report perceived limitations in dealing with cross‐cultural ethical issues, driven by economic and social reliance on such practices by their international business counterparts.Originality/valueUnderstanding the nature of problems faced by Australian business managers in confronting perceived breaches of human rights may assist private and public sector organisations, both inside and outside of Australia, working in international environments. The paper reports insights and solutions offered by respondents encountering global human rights issues in the business context.
Business history in family business studies: from neglect to cooperation?
Authors: Colli Andrea 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to provide a brief overview of what is business history as an academic discipline, with some reflection about its evolutionary patterns and heuristic value in other fields, as for instance, management studies. A peculiar and increasingly practised subfield of business history is that of family business studies, which is thus a promising crossroads and meeting point for both business historians, practitioners and scholars in management studies.Design/methodology/approachThrough an extensive analysis of the literature on family business studies in business history, this article highlights some potential areas of collaboration and suggests some reflections about the way in which the research methods of historians can be beneficial for management scholars.FindingsBusiness history has in fact a high potential in providing, through its longitudinal and comparative approach, evidence for building new theories and challenging the existing ones.Originality/valueThis article tries to move a step beyond from the consideration of history as a repository of interesting evidence, to a new role for the discipline as an heuristic tool, and new chances of cooperation between historians and management scholars.
The “family business brand”: an enquiry into the construction of the image of family businesses
Authors: Krappe Alexander , Goutas Lazaros , von Schlippe Arist 
Published: May 2011

PurposeFamily businesses (FBs) play an important role in economies across the world. FBs are consistently associated with specific attributes and expectations, which is something that points towards the notion that FBs can be regarded as a “brand” on their own. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether FBs have actually become a “brand” in the eyes of the wider population.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical investigation is based on the “Personal Construct Theory” (PCT), developed by George R. Kelly. According to this theory, human beings categorise and evaluate the world by building “personal constructs” that reflect their unconscious attitudes and value systems. To find out about the attitudes towards FBs, we used the “Nextexpertizer”® program, which exploits the PCT as a computer‐based survey instrument. Finally, these results are connected with two different brand theories: the identity‐oriented brand theory of Heribert Meffert and a sociological‐based understanding of brands. The study was conducted in two stages: in 2007/2008 the authors interviewed a randomised sample of 80 people across Germany. In 2009 they interviewed 30 people with almost identical socio‐demographic characteristics, to assure the comparability of the two surveys.FindingsThe analysis of the aforementioned brand theories shows that FBs can be indeed described as a brand on their own. In order to speak of a strong brand, the identity‐oriented approach requires the compliance between the intro‐perspective and the external‐perspective of brands. The perceptions of FBs exhibit a remarkable stability in both surveys. In sum, FBs are perceived as the most sustainable and social type of company. Nevertheless, FBs are also associated with certain negative attributes: for example, middle‐size FBs are regarded as particularly inflexible.Originality/valueThe study shows that FBs address the identity myths of stability and safety like no other company type. Yet the identity myths also evoke other societal needs, such as egoistic self‐fulfillment motives, or the will to live free and without boundaries. For these needs, FBs are perceived as inflexible and stiff.
Family‐controlled businesses and shareholder value
Authors: Print Carole Frances , Reynolds Julien 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe paper aims to extend the understanding of the value of quoted family‐controlled businesses (FCBs) and fill gaps in existing research by comparing the performance of such businesses with comparable non‐FCBs.Design/methodology/approachThe research approach adopted compared the share price performance of nine quoted FCBs with nine comparable non‐FCBs, utilising a range of variables designed to consider performance from a shareholder value perspective.FindingsOn the basis of the sample, the paper provides insights on the extent of the shareholder value that FCBs provide, indicating that this may be greater than for non‐FCBs.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size could be considered a limitation – however, it could be considered that the subdivision by size and industry group mitigates against distortions.Practical implicationsThe paper has practical implications for investors in considering the ownership dynamics of businesses.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the gap in existing research on FCBs and the notion of family capital.
Keeping the business in the family and the family in business: “What is the legacy?”
Authors: Tucker John 
Published: May 2011

PurposeMost advisors to family business clients come from the legal, accountancy or business advisory professions. Their training, experience and knowledge come from a technical/transactional perspective and often takes a silo approach to the issue(s) facing the client. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that in dealing with family business clients the professional advisor needs to take into consideration the very powerful emotional and relational issues that will impact on the more traditional “expert advice” approach. This article also suggests that no one group of professional advisors have all the skills needed to work successfully with family business clients and collaborative working is the way of ensuring family business clients receive the most effective professional support. Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken is to outline – from experience of working with both professional advisors and family business clients – how emotional relationships impact on decision making in a family business. The approach is anecdotal and is based on listening to people's stories of living in a family business. It takes from music, particularly lyrics, to outline the main points made and is designed to give professional advisors to family business clients an insight into the world of family relationships. Findings – There is growing evidence in the UK of a real desire on the part of professional intermediaries to enhance their skills and knowledge in working with family business clients. This is evidenced by the creation of a Post Graduate Programme in Family Business Advising for professional intermediaries at the Bristol Business School and the growing number of professional firms taking up Corporate Membership of The International Centre for Families in Business to increase their knowledge and understanding. Research limitations/implications – This is not a research paper, it is a viewpoint. However, the work indicates many areas of future research, particularly around the training and development of advisors wanting to work with family business clients. Social implications – The failure rate of family‐owned business to pass successfully from generation to generation is around 70 per cent. The family business community accounts for over 50 per cent of employment in the private sector and employs millions of people. The impact on local and national economies is huge and the professional advice received has to take into account the unique issues facing the family in business. Originality/value – This article is based on the author's own experience of working with family business clients, listening to music and working collaboratively with professional intermediary colleagues. Most of the article is original thinking and the author believes it has value for both families in business and their advisors in setting out a framework and a way of thinking.
Editorial: terraformingArts Marketing
Authors: Dennis Noel , Larsen Gretchen , Macaulay Michael 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the inaugural edition ofArts Marketing: An International Journaland highlight its vision for arts marketing and establish its research agenda.Design/methodology/approachRelevant articles are discussed through the prism of current academic thinking and the latest policy developments affecting the arts.FindingsIt is found that arts marketing promotes significant academic debate, and practical insights are offered into the ways in which the arts (broadly understood) can grow in a commercial world.Research limitations/implicationsCreative solutions are needed not only to offset, but to enable arts marketing itself to grow as a discipline: marketers need to embrace the arts equally as much as artists need to embrace the market.Practical implicationsThe “creative insights” section will bring practitioner expertise into the field of the arts from a variety of different perspectives.Social implicationsThe arts, in their varying forms impact on all of society in some shape or form. This journal aims to help raise the profile of the arts, which will in turn, benefit society as a whole.Originality/valueThis introduction establishes a broad arts marketing research agenda for the future.