bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Expansion Mode of Polyoxovanadate Clusters: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of {[Cu(H2O)(C5H14N2)2]2[V16O38(Cl)]}·4(C5H16N2)
Authors: Wutkowski Adam , Näther Christian , Speldrich Manfred , Kögerler Paul , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe new polyoxovanadate (POV) compound {[Cu(H2O)(C5H14N2)2]2[V16O38(Cl)]}·4(C5H16N2) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions and crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I41/amd with a = 13.8679(6), c = 45.558(2) Å, V = 8761.7(7) Å3. The central structural motif is a {V16O38(Cl)} cluster constructed by condensation of 16 square‐pyramidal VO5 polyhedra. The cluster hosts a central Cl– anion. According to valence bond sum calculations, chemical analysis and magnetic properties the cluster anion may be formulated as [V15IVVVO38(Cl)]12–, i.e., only one vanadium atom is not reduced. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported {V16O38(X)} cluster in this VIV:VV ratio. The presence of the two different vanadium oxidation states is clearly seen in the IR spectrum. An unusual and hitherto never observed structural feature is the binding mode between the [Cu(H2O)(C5H14N2)2]2+ complexes and the [V15IVVVO38(Cl)]12– anion. The Cu2+ ion binds to a μ2‐O atom of the cluster anion whereas in all other transition metal complex‐augmented POVs bonding between the transition metal cation and the anion occurs through terminal oxygen atoms of the POV. The magnetic properties are dominated by strong antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the V4+ d1 centers, whereas the Cu2+ d9 cations are magnetically decoupled from the cluster anion. Upon heating, the title compound decomposes in a complex fashion.
Silver(I), Copper(I) and Copper(II) Complex of the New N,Se‐Chelate Ligand 2‐Phenylselenomethyl‐1H‐benzimidazole: Electrochemistry and Structure
Authors: Leboschka Markus , Sieger Monika , Sarkar Biprajit , Niemeyer Mark , Schurr Thilo , Fiedler Jan , Záliš Stanislav , Kaim Wolfgang 
Published: March 2009

Abstract2‐Phenylselenomethyl‐1H‐benzimidazole (psbi) can form complexes in 2:1 ratio with coinage metal ions. Crystal structure analysis revealed a flattened metal coordination for [AgI(psbi)2](BF4) (1), approaching a distorted‐planar arrangement with weak Ag–Se bonds (d > 2.9 Å) and confirmed as energy minimum by DFT calculations. The typical Jahn–Teller system [CuII(psbi)2Cl2] (2) exhibits a planar CuN2Cl2 core with weak Se···Cu···Se axial ligation [3.2944(8) Å Cu···Se distance]. The oxygen‐sensitive compound [CuI(psbi)2](BF4) (3) exhibits electrochemically reversible oxidation in contrast to the silver(I) analogue 1.
Dissociating self-reported cognitive complaint from clinical insight in schizophrenia
Authors: Bayard Sophie , Capdevielle Delphine , Boulenger Jean-Philippe , Raffard Stéphane 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWhereas new pharmacological treatments are developed for cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, self-assessment of cognitive dysfunctioning besides their objective validity could be of interest in evaluating patients' motivation to engage in rehabilitation program. Nevertheless insight into symptoms is severely impaired in schizophrenia and is negatively linked with poor compliance. But it is yet unknown if patients with poor insight into their symptoms could have some insight into their cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships existing between the cognitive complaint and the level of awareness of the disease in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 101 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 60 control participants were recruited. Insight was assessed using the Scale to assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) and cognitive complaint intensity was assessed with the Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS). Participants with schizophrenia displayed the same level of cognitive complaint when compared to healthy controls. Strong correlations were observed between SSTICS total score and duration of illness, levels of depression and state anxiety. Patients with a good insight into the therapeutic effects achieved with medication expressed a more important cognitive complaint. No correlations were found between the four others SUMD insight dimensions and total SSTICS score. The partial overlap of insight into illness and cognitive complaint suggests that insight is modular in schizophrenia. Assessment of cognitive complaint and awareness of illness need to be assessed before engagement in rehabilitation program.
Early mafic magmatism and crustal anatexis on the Isle of Rum: evidence from the Am Màm intrusion breccia
Authors: NICOLL GRAEME R. , HOLNESS MARIAN B. , TROLL VALENTIN R. , DONALDSON COLIN H. , HOLOHAN EOGHAN P. , EMELEUS C. HENRY , CHEW DAVID 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Rum Igneous Centre comprises two early marginal felsic complexes (the Northern Marginal Zone and the Southern Mountains Zone), along with the later central ultrabasic–basic layered intrusions. These marginal complexes represent the remnants of near-surface to eruptive felsic magmatism associated with caldera collapse, examples of which are rare in the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Rock units include intra-caldera collapse breccias, rhyolitic ignimbrite deposits and shallow-level felsic intrusions, as well the enigmatic ‘Am Màm intrusion breccia’. The latter comprises a dacitic matrix enclosing lobate basaltic inclusions (~1–15 cm) and a variety of clasts, ranging from millimetres to tens of metres in diameter. These clasts comprise Lewisian gneiss, Torridonian sandstone and coarse gabbro. Detailed re-mapping of the Am Màm intrusion breccia has shown its timing of emplacement as syn-caldera, rather than pre-caldera as previously thought. Textural analysis of entrained clasts and adjacent, uplifted country rocks has revealed their thermal metamorphism by early mafic intrusions at greater depth than their present structural position. These findings provide a window into the evolution of the early mafic magmas responsible for driving felsic magmatism on Rum. Our data help constrain some of the physical parameters of this early magma–crust interaction and place it within the geochemical evolution of the Rum Centre.
Sedimentary and volcano-tectonic processes in the British Paleocene Igneous Province: a review
Authors: BROWN DAVID J. , HOLOHAN EOGHAN P. , BELL BRIAN R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractResearch on the British Paleocene Igneous Province (BPIP) has historically focused on the emplacement, chemistry and chronology of its elaborate central intrusive complexes and lava fields. However, the BPIP has also been dramatically shaped by numerous erosion, sedimentation and volcano-tectonic events, the significance of which becomes ever clearer as localities in the BPIP are re-investigated and our understanding of volcano-sedimentary processes advances. The resultant deposits provide important palaeo-environmental, palaeo-geographical and stratigraphical information, and highlight the wide range of processes and events that occur in ancient volcanic settings such as the BPIP. In this paper we review the sedimentary and volcano-tectonic processes that can be distinguished in the BPIP, and conceptualize them within a generalized framework model. We identify, and describe, the sedimentary responses to four broadly chronological stages in the history of the BPIP volcanoes: (1) the development of the lava fields, (2) early intrusion-induced uplift, (3) caldera collapse and (4) post-volcano denudation and exhumation of central complexes. We highlight and illustrate the range of sedimentary processes that were active in the BPIP. These operated on and helped shape a dynamic landscape of uplands and lowlands, of alluvial fans, braided rivers, lakes and swamps, and of volcanoes torn apart by catastrophic mass wasting events and/or caldera collapse.
The onset of the North Atlantic Igneous Province in a rifting perspective
Authors: HANSEN J. , JERRAM D. A. , McCAFFREY K. , PASSEY S. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe processes that led to the onset and evolution of the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) have been a theme of debate in the past decades. A popular theory has been that the impingement on the lower lithosphere of a hot mantle plume (the ‘Ancestral Iceland’ plume) initiated the first voluminous outbursts of lava and initiated rifting in the North Atlantic area in Early Palaeogene times. Here we review previous studies in order to set the NAIP magmatism in a time–space context. We suggest that global plate reorganizations and lithospheric extension across old orogenic fronts and/or suture zones, aided by other processes in the mantle (e.g. local or regional scale upwellings prior to and during the final Early Eocene rifting), played a role in the generation of the igneous products recorded in the NAIP for this period. These events gave rise to the extensive Paleocene and Eocene igneous rocks in W Greenland, NW Britain and at the conjugate E Greenland–NW European margins. Many of the relatively large magmatic centres of the NAIP were associated with transient and geographically confined doming in Early Paleocene times prior to the final break-up of the North Atlantic area.
Universal inequalities for eigenvalues of a system of elliptic equations
Authors: Cheng Qing-Ming , Yang Hong-Cang 
Published: March 2009

Let D be a bounded domain in an n-dimensional Euclidean space ℝn. Assume thatare eigenvalues of an eigenvalue problem of a system of n elliptic equations:In particular, when n=3, the eigenvalue problem describes the behaviour of the elastic vibration. We obtain universal inequalities for eigenvalues of the above eigenvalue problem by making use of a direct and explicit method; our results are sharper than one of Hook. Furthermore, a universal inequality for lower-order eigenvalues of the above eigenvalue problem is also derived.
Predators promote defence of rhizosphere bacterial populations by selective feeding on non-toxic cheaters
Authors: Jousset Alexandre , Rochat Laurène , Péchy-Tarr Maria , Keel Christoph , Scheu Stefan , Bonkowski Michael 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Soil pseudomonads increase their competitiveness by producing toxic secondary metabolites, which inhibit competitors and repel predators. Toxin production is regulated by cell–cell signalling and efficiently protects the bacterial population. However, cell communication is unstable, and natural populations often contain signal blind mutants displaying an altered phenotype defective in exoproduct synthesis. Such mutants are weak competitors, and we hypothesized that their fitness depends on natural communities on the exoproducts of wild-type bacteria, especially defence toxins. We established mixed populations of wild-type and signal blind, non-toxic gacS-deficient mutants of Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 in batch and rhizosphere systems. Bacteria were grazed by representatives of the most important bacterial predators in soil, nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) and protozoa (Acanthamoeba castellanii). The gacS mutants showed a negative frequency-dependent fitness and could reach up to one-third of the population, suggesting that they rely on the exoproducts of the wild-type bacteria. Both predators preferentially consumed the mutant strain, but populations with a low mutant load were resistant to predation, allowing the mutant to remain competitive at low relative density. The results suggest that signal blind Pseudomonas increase their fitness by exploiting the toxins produced by wild-type bacteria, and that predation promotes the production of bacterial defence compounds by selectively eliminating non-toxic mutants. Therefore, predators not only regulate population dynamics of soil bacteria but also structure the genetic and phenotypic constitution of bacterial communities.
Effect of Title on Eye-Movement Exploration of Cubist Paintings by Fernand Léger
Authors: Kapoula Zoi , Daunys Gintautas , Herbez Olivier , Yang Qing 
Published: March 2009

Franklin et al (1993, Leonardo26 103–108) reported that title information influenced the interpretation of paintings but not the way observers explore and look at the paintings; in their study subjects used a hand pointer to indicate where they looked. We used eye-movement recording and examined the effect of title on eye-movement exploration of nonrealistic cubist paintings giving rise to free interpretation. Three paintings by Fernand Léger were used: The Wedding contained high density of small fragments of real human faces, limbs, or arbitrary fragments mixed with large plane surfaces; The Alarm Clock consisted of arbitrary fragments creating perception of a person; Contrast of Forms contained forms and cylinders. Different groups of naive subjects explored paintings without knowing the title (spontaneous condition), with the instruction to invent a title (active condition), and after announcement of the authentic title (driven condition). Exploration time was unrestricted and eye movements were recorded by Chronos video-oculography. Fixation duration was found to increase in the driven condition relative to active condition; such increase occurred for all paintings. In contrast, fixation-duration variability remained stable over all title conditions. Saccade amplitude increased in the driven condition for Contrast of Forms. Increase of fixation duration and of saccade size are attributed to additional cognitive analysis, ie search fitting between the title and the painting. When comparing paintings within each title condition, The Wedding produced different results than the other paintings: longer exploration time (in spontaneous condition), higher fixation duration variability (in spontaneous and driven conditions), but smaller saccade sizes (in active and driven conditions). The differences are attributed to visual aspects (high density of small fragments) but also to complex semantic analysis of multiple segments of faces and limbs contained by this painting. Spatial distribution of fixation time was highly selective, with a preponderance of the central area that was the most fixated for all paintings and all title conditions. In the driven condition, however, loci of most frequent fixations were different than in the other conditions from the first 5 s; particularly for The Alarm Clock the title drove the eyes rapidly on the inconspicuous fragment of the clock. Our findings go against Franklin's conclusions. We conclude that title information influences both physiological parameters of eye movements and the distribution of fixation time over different selected areas of the painting.
Structure similarity measure with penalty for close non-equivalent residues
Authors: Sadreyev Ruslan I. , Shi ShuoYong , Baker David , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Motivation:Recent improvement in homology-based structure modeling emphasizes the importance of sensitive evaluation measures that help identify and correct modest distortions in models compared with the target structures. Global Distance Test Total Score (GDT_TS), otherwise a very powerful and effective measure for model evaluation, is still insensitive to and can even reward such distortions, as observed for remote homology modeling in the latest CASP8 (Comparative Assessment of Structure Prediction).
Results:We develop a new measure that balances GDT_TS reward for the closeness of equivalent model and target residues (‘attraction’ term) with the penalty for the closeness of non-equivalent residues (‘repulsion’ term). Compared with GDT_TS, the resulting score, TR (total score with repulsion), is much more sensitive to structure compression both in real remote homologs and in CASP models. TR is correlated yet different from other measures of structure similarity. The largest difference from GDT_TS is observed in models of mid-range quality based on remote homology modeling.
Availability:The script for TR calculation is included in Supplementary Material. TR scores for all server models in CASP8 are available at http://prodata.swmed.edu/CASP8.
Contact: grishin@chop.swmed.edu
Supplementary information:All scripts and numerical data are available for download at ftp://iole.swmed.edu/pub/tr_score/
In silicoanalysis of promoter regions from cold-induced genes in rice (Oryza sativaL.) andArabidopsis thalianareveals the importance of combinatorial control
Authors: Lindlöf Angelica , Bräutigam Marcus , Chawade Aakash , Olsson Olof , Olsson Björn 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMotivation:Cold acclimation involves a number of different cellular processes that together increase the freezing tolerance of an organism. The DREB1/CBFs are transcription factors (TFs) that are prominent in the regulation of cold responses in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and many other crops. We investigated if the expression of DREB1/CBFs and co-expressed genes relies on combinatorial control by several TFs. Our results support this notion and indicate that methods for studying the regulation of complex cellular processes should include identification of combinations of motifs, in addition to searching for individual overrepresented binding sites.Contact: angelica.lindlof@his.seSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
STOP1 Regulates Multiple Genes That Protect Arabidopsis from Proton and Aluminum Toxicities
Authors: Sawaki Yoshiharu , Iuchi Satoshi , Kobayashi Yasufumi , Kobayashi Yuriko , Ikka Takashi , Sakurai Nozomu , Fujita Miki , Shinozaki Kazuo , Shibata Daisuke , Kobayashi Masatomo , Koyama Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant stop1 (for sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity1) carries a missense mutation at an essential domain of the histidine-2-cysteine-2 zinc finger protein STOP1. Transcriptome analyses revealed that various genes were down-regulated in the mutant, indicating that STOP1 is involved in signal transduction pathways regulating aluminum (Al)- and H+-responsive gene expression. The Al hypersensitivity of the mutant could be caused by down-regulation of AtALMT1 (for Arabidopsis ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1) and ALS3 (ALUMINUM-SENSITIVE3). This hypothesis was supported by comparison of Al tolerance among T-DNA insertion lines and a transgenic stop mutant carrying cauliflower mosaic virus 35S∷AtALMT1. All T-DNA insertion lines of STOP1, AtALMT1, and ALS3 were sensitive to Al, but introduction of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S∷AtALMT1 did not completely restore the Al tolerance of the stop1 mutant. Down-regulation of various genes involved in ion homeostasis and pH-regulating metabolism in the mutant was also identified by microarray analyses. CBL-INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE23, regulating a major K+ transporter, and a sulfate transporter, SULT3;5, were down-regulated in the mutant. In addition, integral profiling of the metabolites and transcripts revealed that pH-regulating metabolic pathways, such as the γ-aminobutyric acid shunt and biochemical pH stat pathways, are down-regulated in the mutant. These changes could explain the H+ hypersensitivity of the mutant and would make the mutant more susceptible in acid soil stress than other Al-hypersensitive T-DNA insertion lines. Finally, we showed that STOP1 is localized to the nucleus, suggesting that the protein regulates the expression of multiple genes that protect Arabidopsis from Al and H+ toxicities, possibly as a transcription factor.
Two Chlamydomonas CTR Copper Transporters with a Novel Cys-Met Motif Are Localized to the Plasma Membrane and Function in Copper Assimilation
Authors: Page M. Dudley , Kropat Janette , Hamel Patrice P. , Merchant Sabeeha S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Inducible high-affinity copper uptake is key to copper homeostasis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We generated cDNAs and updated gene models for four genes, CTR1, CTR2, CTR3, and COPT1, encoding CTR-type copper transporters in Chlamydomonas. The expression of CTR1, CTR2, and CTR3 increases in copper deficient cells and in response to hypoxia or Ni2+ supplementation; this response depends on the transcriptional activator CRR1. A copper response element was identified by mutational analysis of the 5′ upstream region of CTR1. Functional analyses identify CTR1 and CTR2 as the assimilatory transporters of Chlamydomonas based on localization to the plasma membrane and ability to rescue a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant defective in high-affinity copper transport. The Chlamydomonas CTRs contain a novel Cys-Met motif (CxxMxxMxxC-x5/6-C), which occurs also in homologous proteins in other green algae, amoebae, and pathogenic fungi. CTR3 appears to have arisen by duplication of CTR2, but CTR3 lacks the characteristic transmembrane domains found in the transporters, suggesting that it may be a soluble protein. Thus, Chlamydomonas CTR genes encode a distinct subset of the classical CTR family of Cu(I) transporters and represent new targets of CRR1-dependent signaling.
Phase I/II and pharmacokinetic study of cladribine with 2‐h infusion in Japanese patients with relapsed indolent B‐cell lymphoma mostly pretreated with rituximab
Authors: Tobinai Kensei , Watanabe Takashi , Tanimoto Kazuki , Maruyama Dai , Nakata Masanobu , Itoh Kuniaki , Morishima Yasuo , Ogura Michinori , Usui Noriko , Kasai Masaharu , Terauchi Takashi , Nawano Shigeru , Matsusako Masaki , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Nakamura Shigeo , Mori Shigeo , Ohashi Yasuo 
Published: March 2009

We conducted a phase I/II study to investigate the toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy profiles of cladribine with 2‐h intravenous infusion for five consecutive days every four weeks in Japanese patients with relapsed indolent B‐cell lymphoma. This was a dose‐escalation study to confirm the safety of the doses which have been recommended for Caucasian patients (phase I), and to further evaluate the efficacy and safety (phase II). In the phase I portion for nine patients, no dose‐limiting toxicities were observed at levels 1 (0.09 mg/kg/day, n = 3) and 2 (0.12 mg/kg/day, n = 6). No appreciable accumulation of plasma cladribine concentration was suggested. We enrolled a total of 20 patients, and an additional 14 patients in the phase II portion at level 2 (0.12 mg/kg/day). Eighteen patients, including 13 with follicular lymphoma, were eligible for efficacy evaluation, and 15 (83%) were pretreated with rituximab. The overall response rate was 50% (9/18; 80% confidence interval, 35–65%), with 11% (2/18) complete response. With a median follow‐up of 296 days, the estimated median time to progression for 18 eligible patients was 382 days. The most frequent adverse events were hematologic toxicities, including grade 4 neutropenia. Non‐hematologic toxicities were mild. In conclusion, cladribine with 2‐h intravenous infusion for five consecutive days every four weeks is effective with acceptable toxicities for Japanese patients with relapsed indolent B‐cell lymphoma, including those pretreated with rituximab. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1344–1350)