bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the selection of spectacle frames and lenses – Knowledge, attitude, and practice study
Authors: Christina Mini , Mahasampath Gowri , Peter John Victor , Peter Jayanthi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of patients toward the selection of frames and glasses and factors that influence selection options.

Patients and Methods:
In this questionnaire-based study comprising closed-end questions, consenting patients aged over 18 years were recruited. The association between family income and age on KAP was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test.

Results:
The mean (standard deviation) age of the cohort (n = 200, 97 males) was 44.6 ± 16.2 years. A majority (85%) stated that spectacles improved vision; 9% believed it would make eyes weaker. Only 39% were aware of alternate options for refractive error. The durability of the frame was a key factor in selecting frames in 47%; 44% stated they would change spectacles every year. Expensive frames, celebrity endorsement, fashion, and branding influenced choice in 35%, 13.5%, 12%, and 7.5% of the respondents, respectively. Higher annual family income (>Rs. 50,000) when compared with low income (<50,000), was associated with awareness of alternate options for refractive error (P < 0.001) and preference for celebrity-endorsed frames (P = 0.007). There was no association between income and choice of expensive frames (P = 0.16). A higher proportion of older patients (≥40 years) preferred to change glasses only on doctor’s recommendations when compared with younger patients (P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
Knowledge on alternate options for refractive error was poor. Celebrity endorsement, costly, fashionable, or branded frames did not appear to play an influential role in the choice of frames. High annual income families preferred celebrity-endorsed frames and were more aware of alternative options for refractive error.
The effect of couple supportive counseling on self-efficacy in women with insulin-treated gestational diabetes: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rostampour Sahar , Erfanian Araghvanian Fatemeh , Kordi Masoumeh , Akhlaghi Farideh , Asghari Nekah Seyyed Mohsen , Shakeri Mohammad Taghi 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Gestational diabetes is the most common medical complication and a common metabolic disorder during pregnancy. Increasing people's self-efficacy is one of the best ways to control this disease. As there is a lag of intervention in this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of couple supportive counseling on self-efficacy in women with insulin-treated gestational diabetes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this randomized clinical trial, 64 women with gestational diabetes who referred to diabetes clinic of Mashhad Ommolbanin Hospital were divided into intervention and control groups through block randomization during 2019. Their gestational age was in 26–30 weeks. For the couples in the intervention group, three couple supportive counseling session was held. Each session lasted 1 h and was held one time per week. The instruments were diabetes self-efficacy questionnaire, fasting and 2-h postprandial checklist and Cassidy social support, which were assessed before and 4 weeks after intervention in both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 25 through Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon test. P values of < 0.05 were reported to be significant.

RESULTS:
In the preintervention, the diabetes self-efficacy score had no significant difference in the intervention (30/6 ± 38/50) and control groups (09/8 ± 56/51) (P = 515/0). However, in the postintervention, the diabetes self-efficacy score was significantly higher in the intervention group (58/6 ± 41/71) compared to the control group (15/7 ± 31/51) (P < 001/0). Also, before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the intervention (30/2 ± 72/10) and control group (87/1 ± 63/11) (P = 137/0) regarding social support. However, after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups (879/0 ± 53/13, 03/2 ± 41/11, P < 0/001 respectively). Also, data analysis showed a significant correlation between self-efficacy and social support (r = 0.451, P < 0.001), self-efficacy and fasting blood sugar (P < 0.001, r = -0.577), and 2 h post prandial (r = -0.778, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Couple supportive counseling leads to increased self-efficacy and social support in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended to use this counseling as an effective method in the management of diabetic pregnant women during their prenatal care to have a healthier pregnancy.
Understanding the inclination of South Indian nursing graduates in using mobile learning applications
Authors: Milton Cynthia , Subramaniam Aruna 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Clinical-based mobile learning courses have great demand among the nursing graduates as learners look for possibilities to update skills. The present study explores the feasibility, familiarity, utility, and attitude of nursing graduates of South India toward mobile learning applications (m-apps).

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
An online-based cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in May 2021 among the South Indian nursing graduates of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, using a questionnaire consisting 49 items categorized under six sections with items related to socio-demographic information; m-app usage; online learning experience; preference in using m-apps for learning purposes before COVID-19 and during COVID-19; students' engagement through e-learning; and anxiety related to online assessment. Descriptive and inferential (ANOVA, Chi-square, and t test) statistical data analysis were done using SPSS version 23.

RESULTS:
A total of 447 student nurses responded. The result shows that most of them, 96% (432) used android phones and 94% (422) owned a mobile. Age was highly influencing mobile learning application (m-learning apps) usage; students of less than 20 years of age used applications more frequently and possessed more educational applications. Majority of them, 84% (377) of them had started using m-learning apps only after COVID. 57.7% (249) commonly used m-learning apps for acquiring nursing knowledge resources, nursing exam preparatory, and drug resources. Students rated high for the interactive nature of these m-learning apps, while abundant learning materials and usage with ease were rated as other attractive features. Sixty-six percent (305) had mostly downloaded these apps from Google Play Store.

CONCLUSION:
The findings would help the m-learning application developers to offer customize solutions to address learning gaps that prevail among the South Indian nursing graduates and help with sustainable growth.
Online learning basketball using social media to enhance learners' performance of some fundamental skills
Authors: Ahmed Taghread Ahmed Elsayed , Seleem Heba Ali Ibrahim , Elsayed Ghada Mohamed Youssef , Housen Nour Taha Ebrahem , Sofy Naglaa Mohamed Roby , Elshltawy Sara Nashat Housny 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Online learning is the newest and most popular form of distance education today; within the past decade it has had a major impact on education. The aim of the present study was to know the effect of online learning basketball using social media on learners' performance of some fundamental skills in basketball and determine difference between online learning and in-person learning, knowing which one is better than the other.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present experimental study was conducted in Sports Academy for Basketball in Zagazig-Egypt during March–April 2022. Thirty two female junior basketball players volunteered to participate in the study from Sports Academy for Basketball (age: 16.23 ± 0.66 years; body height: 164.5 ± 3.32 cm; body mass: 65.25 ± 3.22 kg). They were divided into two equally sized experimental groups, online learning (ONL) group (n = 16) and in-person learning (INL) group (n = 16), to perform (15) educational sessions for (5) weeks, (3) sessions per week, and the session time was 90 minutes. Junior basketball players were assessed before and after five-week training period. Data were collected by Basketball Passing test, Dribbling Skill test, Lay Up Shoot test, Speed Spot Shooting, and Free-Throw Shooting test. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software using the descriptive statistical test. The level of significance was set at P ≤0.05.

RESULTS:
The results showed that the two groups made significant improvements in all variables but INL group had significantly greater improvements than ONL group. The percentage of improvement ranged from 13% to 223% for INL group versus 8% to 158% for ONL group.

CONCLUSION:
We conclude that in-person basketball learning was better than online learning basketball. Therefore, teachers and trainers must rely primarily on in-person learning and not rely on distance learning, especially with regard to learning motor skills, except in emergency cases.
Influence of self-regulated learning on the academic procrastination of college students
Authors: Brahma Bhadrasing , Saikia Polee 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Self-regulated learning is one of the growing aspects in the field of educational psychology. It plays a very important role in the academic success of the students. In addition, the failure of self-regulation resulted in academic procrastination. Academic procrastination is recurring behavior of students. The objective of the present study is to find out the levels of self-regulated learning, levels of academic procrastination, and the influence of self-regulated learning on the academic procrastination of the students.

MATERIAL AND METHOD:
The present study was a Descriptive survey and questionnaire-based. The study was performed in the Kamrup (M) colleges of Assam affiliated with Gauhati University. The sample of the present study was 142 college students both boys and girls. The data were collected both offline and online.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
To run the statistical test, SPSS was used. Z score, percentage, Chi-square, correlation, and regression analyses were performed to test the null hypotheses and find out the objectives.

RESULT:
The result indicates that college students are self-regulated learners as all the students fall under the extremely high level of self-regulated learning to average level of self-regulated learning. Again they are also an academic procrastinator. It was also indicated that there is a significant negative correlation between self-regulated learning and academic procrastination. Also, regression analysis indicated that self-regulated learning is a strong predictor of academic procrastination of college students.

CONCLUSION:
The level of students' self-regulated learning and academic procrastination must be pointed out in order to ensure the student's academic success.
Fertility desire among HIV-positive individuals in the Chinese sociocultural context: A qualitative study
Authors: Guo Yingwu , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi , Songwathana Praneed , Liu Jun , Wichaidit Wit 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
China's recent change from a one-child policy to a two-child policy has urged many couples/families to consider having a child or an additional child. However, little is known about such fertility desire among heterosexual couples with at least one human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive partner. The objective of this qualitative study was to describe fertility desire and its motivating factors and barriers among people living with HIV (PLHIV).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews in 31 patients at an antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic in Kunming, China, from October to December 2020. We included only patients in a sexually active heterosexual relationship with no more than one child. Participants gave verbal informed consent before participation. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and then analyzed using thematic analysis.

RESULTS:
Participants who reported fertility desire were mostly male, while participants who reported no fertility desire were mostly female. Study participants reported motivating factors and barriers that were identical to HIV-negative persons such as 1) social norms, 2) Chinese sociocultural factors, 3) the government's two-child policy, and 4) the financial burden of having children. However, study participants also reported motivating factors and barriers unique to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals that included 1) the availability of ART and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission services, 2) health-related concerns, 3) stigma and discrimination against PLHIV, and 4) the additional cost of child-rearing when HIV-positive.

CONCLUSIONS:
The study findings highlighted major areas of concern for relevant stakeholders. The development of PLHIV-specific health policy should consider the PLHIV-specific motivating factors and barriers reported in this study. However, social desirability and lack of generalizability should also be considered in the interpretation of this study's findings.
The effects of cognitive behavioural therapy on depression, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem in public health students, Thailand
Authors: Changklang Papassara , Ranteh Onggan 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on depression, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem in public health students at the University in Southern Thailand.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study employed a quasi-experimental, one-group, and pre-test -post-test design. Purposive sampling was employed to include 31 students, selected from those with screening indicating mild to moderate depression. While 28 of them (90.3%) were female, three (9.7%) were male. Their age range was 18-21 years, averaging 19.5 years. The instruments were the Thai translation of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Thai version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), which were evaluated and produced high validity and reliability results. Data was collected through online questionnaires. A pre-test and a post-test were utilized to measure the participants' depression, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem before and after participating in a group CBT, comprising eight sessions in two months.

RESULTS:
Revealed significant improvements in depression (P = .001), anxiety (P = .040), and stress (P = .002), while self-esteem (P = .465, >.05) was not significant.

CONCLUSION:
Group CBT sessions were effective at relieving depression, anxiety, and stress, but not self-esteem. Accordingly, further studies might consider these results and expand on this topic by broadening the population to different majors.
A cross-sectional study to assess the magnitude of depression among young adults at selected higher educational institutions in Tamil Nadu, India: A study protocol
Authors: Kosalram Kalpana , Elizabeth Jacintha , Kumar Dhasarathi 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
One in ten young adults aged 20 to 24 years was diagnosed as suffering from DSM-IV disorder with associated impairment. Depression is a major challenge to public health around the world. The main aim of this project is to estimate the burden of depression among young adults and this is the first kind of study in nature that tends to establish a depression prevention resource center for young adults.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A descriptive cross-sectional study will be conducted among 6922 young adults. A simple random sampling strategy will be used to obtain the study sample. The semi-structured tool will be used to obtain the result. Descriptive statistics and frequency percentages will be determined for categorical variables. Mean, median, and range will be calculated along with standard deviations (SD) and interquartile range (IQR). Percentage prevalence will be calculated for each categorical variable with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The P-value of <0.05 will be considered as statistically significant. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and the questionnaires were translated into Tamil (for local relevancy), and back translated into English. Data regarding socio-demographic and mental health-related information, such as coping ability, problem-solving, personal history, academic performance, and treatment history will be collected.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:
The study was authorized by the Institutional Review Board (IRB), School of Public Health, SRMIST, and Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, with the IEC Protocol Number: P0/2020/10/02. The ethics committee evaluated and rated the methods and tools used to assess depression among young adults.
Visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation product index: The promising role in assessing cardiometabolic risk in non-obese patients of PCOS
Authors: Bir Aritri , Ghosh Arindam , Chowdhury Sourav 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
The combination of metabolic disorders like obesity, insulin resistance, reduced glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia poses an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with PCOS which is closely related to increased visceral fat accumulation. This study explored the noninvasive adiposity markers like Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) levels in non-obese PCOS patients and their associations with clinico-metabolic parameters.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:
The case–control study was conducted with a total of 66 PCOS cases and 40 healthy controls (aged 18–35). Their lipid profile, fasting insulin levels and homeostatic model of insulin resistance index, VAI, and LAP scores were estimated. The cases were divided into three groups depending on the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. The predictive power of LAP and VAI with respect to cardiovascular outcomes was assessed by ROC curves.

RESULTS:
The VAI and LAP scores have shown a significant positive correlation with markers of metabolic syndrome. When multiple risk factors are considered simultaneously, the cutoff value of VAI is 2.59 with 91% sensitivity and 80% specificity, and that of the LAP score is 40.2 with 91% sensitivity and 83% specificity. The area under curves for VAI was 0.935 and for LAP was 0.945 considering the presence of at least three risk factors.

CONCLUSION:
The study concluded that with a definitive cutoff value, VAI and LAP were inexpensive, simple, and effective screening tools for cardiometabolic risk assessment in non-obese women with PCOS and can be an effective way to determine long-term cardiovascular outcomes and prevent them.
The efficacy of cognitive-motor rehabilitation on cognitive functions and behavioral symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children: Specification of near-transfer and far-transfer effects in comparison to medication
Authors: Azami Saeed , Alimadadi Zeynab , Ahmadi Ameneh , Hemmati Fatemeh , Mirmohammad Mahdieh , Mashayekhi Reza 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIM:
This study aimed to investigate and compare the efficacy of cognitive-motor rehabilitation (CMR) with methylphenidate on cognitive functions and behavioral symptoms of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specified the near-transfer and far-transfer effects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The research was semiexperimental with posttest and follow-up assessments, in a single-blind design. Forty-eight boys with ADHD, aged 9–12, were selected conveniently regarding the inclusion/exclusion criteria, matched base on severity and Intelligence quotient (IQ) and were randomly assigned to CMR (n = 16), methylphenidate medication (MED, n = 16), and placebo CMR groups (PCMR, n = 16). CMR and PCMR received 20 3-h training sessions, and the MED group received 20 or 30 mg/day methylphenidate. Tower of London (TOL), Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV), Wechsler's digit span and mathematic subscales, dictation test, and restricted academic situation scale (RASS) were completed at posttest and follow-up. The data were analyzed by repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance.

RESULTS:
CMR outperformed PCMR on forward digit span, backward digit span, ToL score at both posttest, and follow-up (P < 0.05). CMR scored lower than MED on ADHD-PI and ADHD-C at both posttest and follow-up (P < 0.05). Moreover, CMR outperformed MED on dictation at both assessment phases (P < 0.01) and RASS at the follow-up phase (P < 0.05). CMR outperformed PCMR on mathematics at post-test (P = 0.038) and also, in dictation and RASS, at both post-test (P < 0.001) and follow-up (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
CMR Improves near-transfer cognitive functions and behavior symptoms of ADHD as much as MED, but only CMR has more generalizable and endurable improvement on complex Efs and academic performance (far-transfer effects).
Relationships between spiritual health and perceived stress with breastfeeding adequacy in mothers with infants aged 1–6 months
Authors: Rasaei Leila , Tehrani Tahmine Dadkhah , Heidari Zeinab 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Previous studies have shown that psycho-spiritual state of mothers may have significant effects on their breastfeeding. The most common cause of nonexclusive breastfeeding is inadequate breastfeeding; therefore, this study examined the relationship between spiritual health and perceived stress with breastfeeding adequacy in mothers with infants aged 1–6 months.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study was performed on 186 mothers with infants aged 1–6 months, who referred to the health centers in Dorud city of Lorestan province, Iran, in 2021, which were selected based on cluster sampling. Data were collected through four questionnaires including demographic–fertility, spiritual health, perceived stress, and breastfeeding adequacy. Data was analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22 using descriptive and analytical statistics.

RESULTS:
The mean ± standard deviation (SD) values of spiritual health, perceived stress, and breastfeeding adequacy were 99.59 ± 12.96, 23.8 ± 72.19, and 55.67 ± 7.67, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between spiritual health and breastfeeding adequacy (P < 0.001, r = 0.268). In addition, there was a significant negative relationship between perceived stress and breastfeeding adequacy (P = 0.002, r = −0.231).

CONCLUSION:
Breastfeeding adequacy has a significant positive relationship with spiritual health and a significant negative relationship with perceived stress. Since infants are one of the most vulnerable groups and breastfeeding is the best way to support their health and reduce infant mortality rates, breastfeeding adequacy can be improved by reducing stress and promoting spiritual health.