bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Too black or not black enough’: Social identity complexity in the political rhetoric of Barack Obama
Authors: Augoustinos Martha , De Garis Stephanie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe election of the first African‐American President of the United States, Barack Obama, has been widely recognised as an extraordinary milestone in the history of the United States and indeed the world. With the use of a discursive psychological approach combined with central theoretical principles derived from social identity and self‐categorisation theories, this paper analyses a corpus of speeches Obama delivered during his candidacy for president to examine how he attended to and managed his social identity in his political discourse. Building on a social identity model of leadership, we examine specifically how Obama mobilises political support and social identification by building an identity for himself as a prototypical representative of the American people, notwithstanding the protracted public debate within both the White and Black American communities that had questioned and contested Obama's identity. Moreover, we demonstrate how Obama managed the dilemmas around his identity by actively crafting an in‐group identity that was oriented to an increasingly socially diverse America—a diversity that he himself exemplified and embodied as a leader. As an ‘entrepreneur’ of identity, Obama's rhetorical project was to position himself as an exceptional leader, whose very difference was represented as ‘living proof’ of the widely shared collective values that constitute the ‘American Dream’. Drawing on social identity complexity theory, we suggest that by providing more inclusive and complex categories of civic and national identity, Obama's presidency has the potential to radically transform what it means to be a prototypical in‐group member in America. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitors of mitochondrial Kv1.3 channels induce Bax/Bak‐independent death of cancer cells
Authors: Leanza Luigi , Henry Brian , Sassi Nicola , Zoratti Mario , Chandy K. George , Gulbins Erich , Szabò Ildikò 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOvercoming the resistance of tumours to chemotherapy, often due to downregulation of Bax and Bak, represents a significant clinical challenge. It is therefore important to identify novel apoptosis inducers that bypass Bax and Bak. Potassium channels are emerging as oncological targets and a crucial role of mitochondrial Kv1.3 in apoptosis has been demonstrated. Here we report for the first time that Psora‐4, PAP‐1 and clofazimine, three distinct membrane‐permeant inhibitors of Kv1.3, induce death by directly targeting the mitochondrial channel in multiple human and mouse cancer cell lines. Importantly, these drugs activated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway also in the absence of Bax and Bak, a result in agreement with the current mechanistic model for mitochondrial Kv1.3 action. Genetic deficiency or short interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated downregulation of Kv1.3 abrogated the effects of the drugs. Intraperitoneal injection of clofazimine reduced tumour size by 90% in an orthotopic melanoma B16F10 mouse model in vivo, while no adverse effects were observed in several healthy tissues. The study indicates that inhibition of mitochondrial Kv1.3 might be a novel therapeutic option for the induction of cancer cell death independent of Bax and Bak.
Stability of algebraic multigrid for Stokes problems
Authors: Webster Ronald 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYAn investigation is made of the performance of algebraic multigrid (AMG) solvers for the discrete Stokes problem. The saddle‐point formulations are based on the direct enforcement of the fundamental conservation laws in discrete spaces and subsequently stabilised with the aid of a regular splitting of the diffusion operator. AMG solvers based on an independent coarsening of the fields (the unknown approach) and also on a common coarsening (the point approach) are investigated. Both mixed‐order and equal‐order interpolations are considered. The dependence of convergence on the ‘degree of coarsening’ is investigated by studying the ‘convergence versus coarsening’ characteristics and their variation with mesh resolution. They show a consistency in shape, which reveals two distinct performance zones, one convergent the other divergent. The transition from the convergent to the divergent zones is discontinuous and occurs at a critical coarsening factor that is largely mesh independent. It signals a breakdown in the stability of the smoothing at the coarser levels of coarse grid approximation. It is shown that the previously observed, mesh‐dependent, scaling of convergence factors, which had suggested inconsistencies in the coarse grid approximation, is not a reliable marker of inconsistency. It is an indirect consequence of the breakdown in the stability of smoothing. For stable smoothing, reduction factors are shown to be largely mesh independent. The ability of mixed‐order interpolation to permit stable smoothing and therefore to deliver mesh‐independent convergence is explained. Two expedient options are suggested for obtaining mesh‐independent convergence for those AMG codes that are based on an equal‐order interpolation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting UK Industrial Production with Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Heravi Saeed , Zhigljavsky Anatoly 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIn recent years the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) technique has been further developed and applied to many practical problems. The aim of this research is to extend and apply the SSA method, using the UK Industrial Production series. The performance of the SSA and multivariate SSA (MSSA) techniques was assessed by applying it to eight series measuring the monthly seasonally unadjusted industrial production for the main sectors of the UK economy. The results are compared with those obtained using the autoregressive integrated moving average and vector autoregressive models.We also develop the concept of causal relationship between two time series based on the SSA techniques. We introduce several criteria which characterize this causality. The criteria and tests are based on the forecasting accuracy and predictability of the direction of change. The proposed tests are then applied and examined using the UK industrial production series. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memantine effects measured with the Relevant Outcome Scale for Alzheimer's disease in an open‐label, single‐arm, multicenter clinical study
Authors: Holthoff Vjera , Ferris Steven , Gauthier Serge , Ihl Ralf , Robert Philippe , Winblad Bengt , Sternberg Kati , Tennigkeit Frank ,   The ROSA Study Group
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveThe Relevant Outcome Scale for Alzheimer's disease (ROSA) is a novel, valid, and reliable instrument for multidimensional assessment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms across all severity stages. The ROSA and four standard instruments — the Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale‐cognitive (ADAS‐cog), Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) — were used in an open‐label, multicenter, single‐arm clinical study to assess treatment‐induced changes in cognitive, functional, and behavioral symptoms in patients with AD at different severity stages.MethodsA total of 451 patients were treated with memantine (initiated at 5 mg/day and up‐titrated with 5 mg weekly to a final dose of 20 mg/day) for 12 weeks. The study endpoints comprised changes from baseline in the scores of the ROSA, ADAS‐cog, SIB, DAD, and NPI as well as global changes on the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI‐C). Analyses were performed for the overall population and by AD severity stage (early, middle, late).ResultsThe ROSA scores increased significantly after a 12‐week treatment in all study groups except for early stage. Mean changes in the ADAS‐cog score indicated a trend towards worsening in early and middle stages. Non‐significant changes were shown by the SIB, NPI, and DAD assessments at week 12. The CGI‐C demonstrated ‘minimal improvement’ or ‘no change’ for most of the patients. Overall, memantine treatment was safe and well tolerated.ConclusionThe results demonstrated the ROSA feasibility in daily practice for assessment of memantine effects over time in patients with moderate and late AD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyano‐Bridged ‘Oximato’ Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalase‐Like Activities
Authors: Karipcin Fatma , Culu Burcin , Sharma Saroj K. , Qanungo Kushal 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe reaction of the ‘oximato’‐ligand precursor A (Fig. 1) and metal salts with KCN gave two mononuclear complexes [ML(CN)(H2O)n](ClO4) (1 and 2; L={N‐(hydroxy‐κO)‐α‐oxo‐N′‐[(pyridin‐2‐yl‐κN)methyl[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐ethanimidamidato‐κN′}; M=CoII (1), CuII (2); n=2 for CoII, n=0 for CuII; Figs. 2 and 3). The new cyano‐bridged pentanuclear ‘oximato’ complexes [{ML(H2O)n(NC)}4M1(H2O)x](ClO4)2 (3–6) and trinuclear complexes [{ML(H2O)n(NC)}2M1L](ClO4) (7–10) ([M1=MnII, CuII; x=2 for MnII, x=0 for CuII] were synthesized from mononuclear complexes and characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, and IR and thermal analysis. The four [ML(CN)(H2O)n]+ moieties are connected by a metal(II) ion in the pentanuclear complexe 3–6, each one involving four cyano bridging ligands (Fig. 4). The central metal ion displays a square‐planar or octahedral geometry, with the cyano bridging ligands forming the equatorial plane. The axial positions are occupied by two aqua ligands in the case of the central Mn‐atom. The two [ML(CN)(H2O)n]+ moieties and an ‘oximato’ ligand are connected by a metal(II) ion in the trinuclear complexes 7–10, each one involving two cyano bridging ligands (Fig. 5). The central metal ions display a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry, with two cyano bridging ligands and the donor atoms of the tridentate ‘oximato’ ligand. Moreover catalytic activities of the complexes for the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were also investigated in the presence of 1H‐imidazole. The synthesized homopolynuclear CuII complexes 6 and 10 displayed eficiency in disproportion reactions of H2O2 producing H2O and dioxygen thus showing catalase‐like activity.
Highly cis‐Diastereoselective Synthesis of Coumarin‐Based 2,3‐Disubstituted Dihydrobenzothiazines by Organocatalysis
Authors: Khoobi Mehdi , Ramazani Ali , Foroumadi Alireza , Emami Saeed , Jafarpour Farnaz , Mahyari Amir , Ślepokura Katarzyna , Lis Tadeusz , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn efficient and organocatalyzed asymmetric reaction of phenacyl halides with coumarin‐based dihydrobenzothiazoles was developed to afford cis‐2,3‐disubstituted 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzothiazines. This method provides a one‐step and highly diastereoselective route to a wide variety of coumarin‐based 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzothiazines using the cheap and commercially available Cinchona alkaloid quinine hydrochloride.
A New Prenylated Isoflavone and a New Flavonol Glycoside from Flemingia philippinensis
Authors: Fu Manqin , Feng Shixiu , Zhang Nenling , Zhou Xiaojun , Huang Riming , Huang Huijuan , Xu Zhifang , Li Xu‐e , Qiu Samuel X. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new prenylated isoflavonoid, flemiphilippinin G (1), and a new flavonol glycoside, flemiphilippininside (2), along with eleven known isoflavonoids were obtained from the roots of Flemingia philippinensis (Merr. et Rolfe) Li. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The in vitro cytotoxicities of compounds 1–13 against MCF‐7, A549, and Hep‐G2 cell lines were determined by using the MTT (=3‐(4,5‐dimethylthazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against all the tested cell lines with IC50 values of 4.8–7.3 μM, and compound 2 was found to be inactive. Both compounds 1 and 2 showed weak antioxidant activities with FRAP values of 110±15 and 124±16 μmol/g, respectively.
On‐Line Radical Scavenging Detection and Characterization of Antioxidants from Artemisia herba‐alba
Authors: Dahmani‐Hamzaoui Nacéra , Salido Sofía , Linares‐Palomino Pablo J. , Baaliouamer Aoumeur , Altarejos Joaquín 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFour caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives, 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid (1), 3,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid (3), 4,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid (4), and 3,4,5‐tri‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid (5), have been isolated from Artemisia herba‐alba growing wild in Algeria, using the on‐line HPLCDADDPPH radical‐scavenging detection technique as guidance. In the course of the purification work, the non‐frequent (E)‐2‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐4‐methoxycinnamic acid (2) has also been isolated. The CQAs showed fair‐to‐good antioxidant activities determined by the DPPH. scavenging assay. The structures of the five isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. The on‐line HPLCDADDPPH technique allowed for a rapid pinpointing of antioxidants in the studied plant, accomplishing the facile guided isolation of the target molecules. Algerian A. herba‐alba could be an interesting source of natural antioxidants that deserve further work.
New Labdane‐Type Diterpenoids from Leonurus heterophyllus
Authors: Gong Hai‐Qun , Wang Rui , Shi Yan‐Ping 
Published: April 2012

AbstractChemical investigation of the aerial part of Leonurus heterophyllus led to the isolation and characterization of the seven labdane‐type diterpenoids 1–7, including six new ones, 1–6. Compounds 4 and 5 were isolated as a C(15) epimer pair. The determination of the structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were mainly based on 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic methods, and comparison of their NMR data with related compounds. The structure of compound 7 was confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis.
Verification and Biophysical Characterization of a New Three‐Color Förster Resonance‐Energy‐Transfer (FRET) System in DNA
Authors: Altevogt née Kienzler Andrea , Flehr Roman , Gehne Sören , Kumke Michael U. , Bannwarth Willi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe report on a new three‐color FRET system consisting of three fluorescent dyes, i.e., of a carbostyril (=quinolin‐2(1H)‐one)‐derived donor D, a (bathophenanthroline)ruthenium complex as a relay chromophore A1, and a Cy dye as A2 (FRET=Förster resonance‐energy‐transfer) (cf. Fig. 1). With their widely matching spectroscopic properties (cf. Fig. 2), the combination of these dyes yielded excellent FRET efficiencies. Furthermore, fluorescence lifetime measurements revealed that the long fluorescence lifetime of the Ru complex was transferred to the Cy dye offering the possibility to measure the whole system in a time‐resolved mode. The FRET system was established on double‐stranded DNA (cf. Fig. 3) but it should also be generally applicable to other biomolecules.
A focused immune response targeting the homotypic binding domain of the carcinoembryonic antigen blocks the establishment of tumor foci in vivo
Authors: Abdul‐Wahid Aws , Huang Eric H.‐B. , Lu Huixin , Flanagan Jean , Mallick Amirul Islam , Gariépy Jean 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMetastatic forms of cancers remain the main cause of death in cancer patients. In this study, we demonstrate that directing a sustained antibody response towards the homotypic binding function of CEA interferes with the implantation and development of tumor foci in CEA‐expressing transgenic (CEA.Tg) mice. Specifically, vaccinating CEA.Tg mice with a recombinant, altered self‐form of the CEA Ig V‐like N domain led to the production of circulating IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies that inhibited CEA‐mediated adhesion of murine carcinoma expressing CEA (MC38.CEA) and mediated antibody‐dependent lysis of tumor cells. Moreover, vaccinated CEA.Tg mice were resistant to the development of tumor nodules in the lungs and the peritoneal cavity, suggesting that mounting a focused antibody response to the CEA N domain may represent a simple therapeutic strategy to control the establishment of metastatic foci in cancer patients.
Occurrence of vaccine and non‐vaccine human papillomavirus types in adolescent Finnish females 4 years post‐vaccination
Authors: Palmroth Johanna , Merikukka Marko , Paavonen Jorma , Apter Dan , Eriksson Tiina , Natunen Kari , Dubin Gary , Lehtinen Matti 
Published: April 2012

AbstractControl of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related cancers by inclusion of HPV vaccination into national vaccination programmes is likely. One open question is replacement of the vaccine types with other high‐risk (hr) HPV types in the vaccination era. We studied occurrence of HPV types in adolescent females participating in a population‐based vaccination trial. A total of 4,808 16‐ to 17‐year‐old females from Finland were enrolled in the 1:1 randomized phase III (PATRICIA) trial of the efficacy of vaccination with the AS04‐adjuvanted HPV‐16/18 virus‐like particle vaccine as compared to hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine. HPV infection was assessed from cervical samples taken every 6 months for 4 years post‐vaccination by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genital oncogenic HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 58, 59, 66, 68, and 73 as well as low‐risk types HPV‐6 and HPV‐11. The HPV‐16/18 vaccine coverage ranged between 1 and 22% by age‐cohort and study community. Odds ratios (ORs) for infections with different HPV types in baseline PCR negative HPV‐16/18 vs. HAV vaccinated women, and Poisson regression derived HPV incidence rate ratios (IRRs) in baseline positive vs. negative women were calculated. The OR and IRR estimates for acquisition of any genital HPV types showed no excess risk neither in baseline HPV DNA‐negative HPV‐16/18‐vaccinated women compared to baseline HPV DNA‐negative HAV vaccinated women nor in HPV‐16/18‐vaccinated baseline HPV‐16/18‐positive women compared to baseline HPV‐16/18‐negative women. In the HAV‐vaccinated, baseline HPV‐18‐positive women showed an increased risk of acquiring other clade A7 HPV types (39, 45, 59, 68) (IRR 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.01.‐3.1). We found no increased occurrence of non‐vaccine HPV types suggestive of type‐replacement 1–4 years post‐vaccination among HPV‐16/18‐vaccinated Finnish adolescents.
The transient receptor potential vanilloid‐2 cation channel impairs glioblastoma stem‐like cell proliferation and promotes differentiation
Authors: Morelli Maria Beatrice , Nabissi Massimo , Amantini Consuelo , Farfariello Valerio , Ricci‐Vitiani Lucia , di Martino Simona , Pallini Roberto , Larocca Luigi Maria , Caprodossi Sara , Santoni Matteo , De Maria Ruggero , Santoni Giorgio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMalignant transformation of cells resulting from enhanced proliferation and aberrant differentiation is often accompanied by changes in transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels expression. In gliomas, recent evidence indicates that TRPV type 2 (TRPV2) negatively controls glioma cell survival and proliferation. In addition, cannabinoids, the ligands of both cannabinoid and TRPV2 receptors, promote glioblastoma stem‐like cells (GSCs) differentiation and inhibit gliomagenesis. Herein, we provide evidence on the expression of TRPV2 in human GSCs and that GSCs differentiation reduces nestin and progressively increases both the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and TRPV2 expression. Therefore, we evaluated the role of TRPV2 cation channel in GSC lines differentiation. Treatment of GSC lines with the TRPV antagonist Ruthenium Red, with ethylene glycol‐bis(2‐aminoethylether)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid or knockdown of TRPV2 gene during differentiation, decreases GFAP and class III beta‐tubulin (βIII‐tubulin) expression; conversely, phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate stimulates GSCs proliferation, reduces TRPV2 expression and partially reverts astroglial differentiation. In addition, forced TRPV2 expression in GSC lines by stable TRPV2 transfection increases GFAP and βIII‐tubulin expression and parallelly reduces proliferation. Finally, TRPV2 overexpression inhibits GSCs proliferation in a xenograft mouse model, as shown by reduced tumor diameter and mitotic index, and promotes the differentiation of GSCs toward a more mature glial phenotype. Overall, our results demonstrate that TRPV2 promotes in vitro and in vivo GSCs differentiation and inhibits their proliferation. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation of GSCs would lead to more specific and efficacious pharmacological approaches.
THE CHOICE OF AN INVOICING CURRENCY BY GLOBALLY OPERATING FIRMS: A FIRM‐LEVEL ANALYSIS OF JAPANESE EXPORTERS
Authors: Ito Takatoshi , Koibuchi Satoshi , Sato Kiyotaka , Shimizu Junko 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to identify determinants of currency invoicing among Japanese exporting firms with firm‐level data, overcoming the usual limitation of data availability, by interviewing 23 representative Japanese firms in three industries—automobile, electrical machinery and general machinery. Major findings are as follows. First, invoicing in the importer's currency is prevalent in exports to advanced countries, because most of exports by the globally operating firms are destined for local retail subsidiaries of respective firms, which conforms to the pricing‐to‐market behaviour discussed in the literature. Second, Japanese firms that export highly differentiated products or have a dominant share in the global market tend to invoice their exporting products in the yen both to advanced countries and to developing countries. Third, although Japanese firms have shifted their production bases to Asian countries, exports from Japan to these Asian production subsidiaries tend to be invoiced in US dollars as long as the final destination market is in the USA. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arthur Wright Combs: A Humanistic Pioneer
Authors: MAGNUSON SANDY 
Published: April 2012

Arthur Wright Combs (1912–1999) championed humanistic counseling and education. He proposed a theory that incorporated humanistic values and cognitive factors. This article features a review of his contributions, an overview of his theory, a synthesis of stories about Combs that were acquired during research interviews, and my commentary on his legacy.Art decried treating people as things. He insisted on the right and responsibility of persons to choose their own best ways, using their own best judgments. His supportive presence enabled others to feel respected and encouraged to an extent rarely experienced. His empowering mentorship, commitment to a universally meaningful psychology, and pivotal clarity of thought and expression will be sorely missed.—Richards and Gonzalez (2000, p. 1150)