bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow‐Up and Comparative Assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgA, IgG, Neutralizing, and Total Antibody Responses After BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273 Heterologous Booster Vaccination
Authors: Younes Salma , Nicolai Eleonora , Pieri Massimo , Bernardini Sergio , Daas Hanin I. , Al‐Sadeq Duaa W. , Younes Nadin , Shurrab Farah M. , Nizamuddin Parveen B. , Humaira Fathima , Al‐Dewik Nader , Yassine Hadi M. , Abu‐Raddad Laith J. , Ismail Ahmed , Nasrallah Gheyath K. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPriming with ChAdOx1 followed by heterologous boosting is considered in several countries. Nevertheless, analyses comparing the immunogenicity of heterologous booster to homologous primary vaccination regimens and natural infection are lacking. In this study, we aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of the immunogenicity between homologous primary vaccination regimens and heterologous prime‐boost vaccination using BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273.MethodsWe matched vaccinated naïve (VN) individuals (n = 673) with partial vaccination (n = 64), primary vaccination (n = 590), and primary series plus mRNA vaccine heterologous booster (n = 19) with unvaccinated naturally infected (NI) individuals with a documented primary SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (n = 206). We measured the levels of neutralizing total antibodies (NTAbs), total antibodies (TAbs), anti‐S‐RBD IgG, and anti‐S1 IgA titers.ResultsHomologous primary vaccination with ChAdOx1 not only showed less potent NTAb, TAb, anti‐S‐RBD IgG, and anti‐S1 IgA immune responses compared to primary BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273 vaccination regimens (p < 0.05) but also showed ~3‐fold less anti‐S1 IgA response compared to infection‐induced immunity (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, a heterologous booster led to an increase of ~12 times in the immune response when compared to two consecutive homologous ChAdOx1 immunizations. Furthermore, correlation analyses revealed that both anti‐S‐RBD IgG and anti‐S1 IgA significantly contributed to virus neutralization among NI individuals, particularly in symptomatic and pauci‐symptomatic individuals, whereas among VN individuals, anti‐S‐RBD IgG was the main contributor to virus neutralization.ConclusionThe results emphasize the potential benefit of using heterologous mRNA boosters to increase antibody levels and neutralizing capacity particularly in patients who received primary vaccination with ChAdOx1.
Yellow rare earth sulfide powders with near‐infrared reflectance and spectral modulation for energy‐saving applications
Authors: Xu Wenhao , Bai Gongxun , Zhang Hongbin , Li Denghao , Xu Shiqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRadiative cooling pigments offer new opportunities for sustainable carbon neutrality as zero‐energy and zero‐pollution functional materials. However, it is a challenge to prepare inorganic yellow pigments simultaneously with environmentally friendly, high color value, and weather resistance. In this study, a series of alkali metal‐doped γ‐Sm2S3 yellow pigments with near‐infrared reflectance were synthesized. The doping of alkali metal ions reduced synthesis temperature of Sm2S3 from 1300°C to 1000°C. The change in energy band structure induced by alkali metal doping allows the products to exhibit modifiable colors. Typical γ‐[Na]‐Sm2S3 pigment powders have a high near‐infrared reflectance and impressive colors (b* = 78.6, C* = 77.6). Furthermore, colored films made by prepared yellow powders with polyvinylidene fluoride in certain ratios had high near‐infrared reflectance and excellent environmental weathering, resulting in an effective cooling of 4–8°C in outdoor experiments. This work expands the range of options for energy‐efficient building and yellow colorant.
Change in clinical parameters after subgingival instrumentation for the treatment of periodontitis and timing of periodontal re‐evaluation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Paternò Holtzman Lucrezia , Valente Nicola Alberto , Vittorini Orgeas Gianluca , Copes Luca , Discepoli Nicola , Clementini Marco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the changes in periodontal parameters (reduction in probing pocket depth [PPD], gain in clinical attachment level [CAL] and reduction in full‐mouth bleeding on probing [BoP]) after subgingival instrumentation of periodontal pockets at different time points in systemically healthy patients suffering from periodontitis.Materials and MethodsFour databases were searched for RCTs that carried out subgingival instrumentation in periodontal pockets and evaluated PPD at a minimum of two consecutive time points other than baseline. The analysis was conducted for both all pocket depths and stratified for initially shallow (4–5 mm) and deep (≥6 mm) pockets and data were extracted for various time points, 1–2, 3–4 and 5–6 months. Weighted mean effects (WMEs) were calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI) and predictive intervals were calculated.ResultsTwenty‐nine RCTs were identified, and all of them were included in the meta‐analysis. The results showed that for both shallow and deep pockets there was a small though clinically meaningful change between 1‐ to 2‐month and 3‐ to 4‐month time points and between these and 5–6 months.ConclusionsIn systemically healthy patients, the greater part of reduction in PPD and gain in CAL occurs within the first 1–2 months after subgingival instrumentation. However, additional benefits in terms of pocket depth reduction occur beyond these early time points.
Lessons learned in a decade: Medical‐toxicological view of tattooing
Authors: Giulbudagian Michael , Battisini Beatrice , Bäumler Wolfgang , Blass Rico Ana M. , Bocca Beatrice , Brungs Corinna , Famele Marco , Foerster Milena , Gutsche Birgit , Houben Veit , Hauri Urs , Karpienko Katarzyna , Karst Uwe , Katz Linda M. , Kluger Nicolas , Serup Jørgen , Schreiver Ines , Schubert Steffen , van der Bent Sebastiaan A. S. , Wolf Carina , Luch Andreas , Laux Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTattooing has been part of the human culture for thousands of years, yet only in the past decades has it entered the mainstream of the society. With the rise in popularity, tattoos also gained attention among researchers, with the aim to better understand the health risks posed by their application. ‘A medical‐toxicological view of tattooing’—a work published in The Lancet almost a decade ago, resulted from the international collaboration of various experts in the field. Since then, much understanding has been achieved regarding adverse effects, treatment of complications, as well as their regulation for improving public health. Yet major knowledge gaps remain. This review article results from the Second International Conference on Tattoo Safety hosted by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) and provides a glimpse from the medical‐toxicological perspective, regulatory strategies and advances in the analysis of tattoo inks.
Systematic analysis of ocular features and responses of cultured spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor)
Authors: Murphy Lauren , Kwabiah Rebecca , Rouah Ayla , Wade Ryan , Osmond Thomas , Tucker Denise , Boyce Danny , Vance Joseph , Cao Trung , Machimbirike Vimbai I. , Gnanagobal Hajarooba , Vasquez Ignacio , Santander Javier , Gendron Robert L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA better understanding of unique anatomical and functional features of the visual systems of teleost fish could provide key knowledge on how these systems influence the health and survival of these animals in both wild and culture environments. We took a systematic approach to assess some of the visual systems of spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor), a species of increasing importance in North Atlantic aquaculture initiatives. The lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) was included in these studies in a comparative manner to provide reference. Histology, light and electron microscopy were used to study the spatial distribution and occurrence of cone photoreceptor cells and the nature of the retinal tissues, while immunohistochemistry was used to explore the expression patterns of two photoreceptor markers, XAP‐1 and XAP‐2, in both species. A marine bacterial infection paradigm in lumpfish was used to assess how host–pathogen responses might impact the expression of these photoreceptor markers in these animals. We define a basic photoreceptor mosaic and present an ultrastructural to macroscopic geographical configuration of the retinal pigment tissues in both animals. Photoreceptor markers XAP‐1 and XAP‐2 have novel distribution patterns in spotted wolffish and lumpfish retinas, and exogenous pathogenic influences can affect the normal expression pattern of XAP‐1 in lumpfish. Live tank‐side ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) revealed that normal cultured spotted wolffish display novel variations in the shape of the retinal tissue. These two complementary imaging findings suggest that spotted wolffish harbour unique ocular features not yet described in marine teleosts and that visual function might involve specific retinal tissue shape dynamics in these animals. Finally, extensive endogenous biofluorescence is present in the retinal tissues of both animals, which raises questions about how these animals might use retinal tissue in novel ways for visual perception and/or communication. This work advances fundamental knowledge on the visual systems of two economically important but now threatened North Atlantic teleosts and provides a basic foundation for further research on the visual systems of these animals in health versus disease settings. This work could also be useful for understanding and optimizing the health and welfare of lumpfish and spotted wolffish in aquaculture towards a one health or integrative perspective.
GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 mediate contextual fear generalization in PTSD rats
Authors: Gong Xiayu , Fan Zhixin , Xu Hanfang , Qu Yue , Li Bozhi , Li Lanxin , Yan Yuqi , Wu Lili , Yan Can 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFear overgeneralization is widely accepted as a pathogenic marker of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, GABAergic interneurons have been regarded as key players in the regulation of fear memory. The role of hippocampal GABAergic interneurons in contextual fear generalization of PTSD remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we established a rat model of PTSD with inescapable foot shocks (IFS) and observed the loss of GABAergic interneuron phenotype in the hippocampal cornu ammonis‐1 (CA1) subfield. To determine whether the loss of GABAergic interneuron phenotype was associated with fear generalization in PTSD rats, we used adeno‐associated virus (AAV) to reduce the expression of GAD67 in CA1 and observed its effect on fear generalization. The results showed that the reduction of GAD67 in CA1 enhanced contextual fear generalization in rats. We investigated whether the PERK pathway was involved in the GABAergic interneuron injury. Increased expression of p‐PERK, CHOP, and Caspase12 in GABAergic interneurons of PTSD rats was observed. Then, we used salubrinal, an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, to modulate the PERK pathway. The salubrinal treatment significantly protected the GABAergic interneurons and relieved fear generalization in PTSD rats. In addition, the results showed that salubrinal down‐regulated the expression of CHOP and Caspase12 in GABAergic interneurons of PTSD rats. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that the loss of GABAergic interneuron phenotype in CA1 may contribute to contextual fear generalization in PTSD. The PERK pathway is involved in the GABAergic interneuron injury of PTSD rats and modulating it can protect GABAergic interneurons and constrain contextual fear generalization.image
Prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety symptoms in intensive care unit patients with cardiovascular disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Saikun , Zhu Ruiting , Cai Hongwei , Mao Jing , Zhou Wei , Zhang Changyue , Lv Mengjiao , Meng Hongli , Guo Lirong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to explore which elements are risk factors for the development of anxiety and depression symptoms.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 1028 ICU patients with CVD were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Logistic regression was used to assess risk factors and associations between anxiety and depression symptoms, and mediation analysis was used to explore the effect of risk factors on the association between anxiety and depression symptoms. Reporting of the study followed the STROBE checklist.ResultsThe results showed that among ICU patients with CVD, 38.1% had anxiety symptoms, 28.7% had depression symptoms and 19.3% had both anxiety and depression symptoms, and there was a significant association between anxiety and depression symptoms. We also identified female gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiac function class IV as independent risk factors for anxiety and depression symptoms. Importantly, these factors also mediated the association between anxiety and depression symptoms, emphasising their role in the psychological well‐being of this patient group.ConclusionICU patients with CVD were prone to anxiety and depression symptoms. Female gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiac function class IV were identified as independent risk factors that also served as mediators in the relationship between anxiety and depression symptoms. Especially, cardiac function class IV emerged as a critical factor in this association.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is imperative for critical care professionals to recognize the elevated risk of depression and anxiety among ICU patients with severe CVD, especially those with cardiac function class IV, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and females. Proactive and supportive measures are essential for this vulnerable group during their ICU stay to safeguard their mental health and prevent negative outcomes.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
The long‐term effects of formal child support
Authors: Kong Jooyoung , Riser Quentin , Cancian Maria , Meyer Daniel R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjective and BackgroundPrevious research shows the benefits of formal child support to children during their childhood; however, the long‐term effect of child support receipt on outcomes as adults has not been studied. This inquiry examines whether adults who received formal child support as children have different labor market outcomes than those who did not.MethodWe conducted two sets of analyses with complementary strengths to examine young adults' earnings and employment status. Our primary method exploited experimental variation in child support receipt among welfare participants, as part of the Wisconsin Child Support Demonstration Evaluation; the secondary analyses used propensity score matching to construct statistically equivalent comparison groups drawn from a broader population included in Wisconsin Court Record Data.ResultsAcross both studies, we found the receipt of child support was associated with a substantive and statistically significant increase in adult earnings; results for employment status were mixed.ConclusionFindings suggest that formal child support may disrupt patterns of intergenerational disadvantage, reducing the economic vulnerability of children living with resident mothers, and then improving those children's earnings as adults. In addition to contributing to our understanding of the relationship between childhood economic status and adult outcomes, the findings provide critical new information to policymakers assessing family policy.
Oral habits and temporomandibular joint disorders according to stress levels among military personnel in South Korea: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Son Ji‐Young , Choi Ok‐Sun , Kim You‐Mi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMilitary personnel suffer from stress‐induced temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). No previous studies have evaluated the oral habits and TMD in military personnel based on their stress levels.ObjectivesTo examine the correlation between oral habits and TMD based on stress levels. In addition, we assessed the relationship between stress levels and TMD by military rank as well as the impact of oral habits on TMD.MethodThis cross‐sectional survey included 89 military personnel who visited the Armed Forces Medical Center in Korea with discomfort in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discomfort. Oral habits, stress level, TMD and general characteristics of the subjects were investigated. A questionnaire was distributed to the subjects who agreed to the study, and they were asked to respond in a self‐written form. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the factors that affect oral habits and TMJ symptoms.ResultsStress scores and oral habits were highest in the ‘Private’ rank. In contrast, temporomandibular joint symptoms were highest in the ‘Corporal’ rank. Additionally, the high‐risk stress group exhibited higher scores in oral habits and TMD compared to the potential stress group. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between an increase in high‐risk stress scores and a rise in oral habits. And individuals with more oral habits are at an increased likelihood of experiencing TMD.ConclusionOur study findings suggest that military personnel with prevent TMD and improve oral habits by addressing stress levels.
Understanding the social identity of adolescents in the Indigenous Kodava Community of India
Authors: Appachu Hema , Singh Jitendra Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe social identity development of adolescents in marginalized communities across the globe holds paramount significance in determining the overall well‐being of its future population. Focusing on one such community, the Kodavas, an Indigenous community in South India, this study aims to understand the shifting configurations of social identity based on the changing sociocultural structure and its implications on identity perception among the adolescents belonging to the Kodava community in Kodagu district in Karnataka, India. This study used a qualitative research design to develop an analytical framework of social identity formation and its transitions in the context of the Kodavas. Data were collected from 188 adolescents (47% boys, 53% girls) between 13 and 17 years (M age = 15 years), in the form of essay writing. The findings based on thematic analysis highlight the core traditional elements of Kodava identity, factors influencing the transition in identity, and its reflection in the contemporary period.
Exploring the link between tooth loss, cognitive function, and brain wellness in the context of healthy aging
Authors: Newman‐Norlund Roger D. , Kudaravalli Santosh , Merchant Anwar T. , Fridriksson Julius , Rorden Chris 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of using MRI‐derived tooth count, an indirect and nonspecific indicator of oral/periodontal health, and brain age gap (BAG), an MRI‐based measure of premature brain aging, in predicting cognition in a population of otherwise healthy adults.MethodsThis retrospective study utilized data from 329 participants from the University of South Carolina's Aging Brain Cohort Repository. Participants underwent neuropsychological testing including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), completed an oral/periodontal health questionnaire, and submitted to high‐resolution structural MRI imaging. The study compared variability on cognitive scores (MoCA) accounted for by MRI‐derived BAG, MRI‐derived total tooth count, and self‐reported oral/periodontal health.ResultsWe report a significant positive correlation between the total number of teeth and MoCA total scores after controlling for age, sex, and race, indicating a robust relationship between tooth count and cognition, r(208) = .233, p < .001. In a subsample of participants identified as being at risk for MCI (MoCA <= 25, N = 36) inclusion of MRI‐based tooth count resulted in an R2 change of .192 (H0 = 0.138 → H1 = 0.330), F(1,31) = 8.86, p = .006. Notably, inclusion of BAG, a valid and reliable measure of overall brain health, did not significantly improve prediction of MoCA scores in similar linear regression models.ConclusionsOur data support the idea that inclusion of MRI‐based total tooth count may enhance the ability to predict clinically meaningful differences in cognitive abilities in healthy adults. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence linking oral/periodontal health with cognitive function.
A new view of territoriality in large eagles: the territory pre‐exists regardless of its occupants
Authors: Morollón S. , López‐López P. , Urios V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKnowledge of vertebrate territoriality and spatial use is a topic of great interest in the study of animal behaviour and conservation biology. Investigating the plasticity of territory boundaries, the shape of territories and how territories can be modified depending on their owners is important to deepen our knowledge of the behaviour of territorial species. We analysed the variation and tested the similarity of the distribution area of individuals from the same territory between 2015 and 2021, using data from 51 Bonelli's eagles (Aquila fasciata) from 22 different territories, tagged with GPS/GSM transmitters in eastern Spain. We calculated the percentage of overlap between the territories of the same individual in different years using the 95% kernel density estimator. We also analysed the changes in territory size and shape following the replacement of territory owners either by a single individual or by the whole pair. Our results show that territories retain the same shape and extent regardless of the occupying members, and that their boundaries change little over time. Identifying and maintaining large eagle territories, regardless of their owners, is therefore key to ensuring the long‐term recovery of these threatened species.
Hepatitis B virus particles in serum contain minus strand DNA and degraded pregenomic RNA of variable and inverse lengths
Authors: Ringlander Johan , Malmström Sebastian , Eilard Anders , Strömberg Lucia Gonzales , Stenbäck Joakim B. , Andersson Maria E. , Larsson Simon B. , Kann Michael , Nilsson Staffan , Hellstrand Kristoffer , Rydell Gustaf E. , Lindh Magnus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study utilized digital PCR to quantify HBV RNA and HBV DNA within three regions of the HBV genome. Analysis of 75 serum samples from patients with chronic infection showed that HBV RNA levels were higher in core than in S and X regions (median 7.20 vs. 6.80 and 6.58 log copies/mL; p < .0001), whereas HBV DNA levels showed an inverse gradient (7.71 vs. 7.73 and 7.77 log copies/mL, p < .001). On average 80% of the nucleic acid was DNA by quantification in core. The core DNA/RNA ratio was associated with viral load and genotype. In individual patients, the relations between RNA levels in core, S and X were stable over time (n = 29; p = .006). The results suggest that pregenomic RNA is completely reverse transcribed to minus DNA in ≈75% of the virus particles, whereas the remaining 25% contain both RNA and DNA of lengths that reflect variable progress of the polymerase.