bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐tumour effects of small interfering RNA targeting anion exchanger 1 in experimental gastric cancer
Authors: Suo Wen‐Hao , Zhang Ning , Wu Ping‐Ping , Zhao Lei , Song Ling‐Jun , Shen Wei‐Wei , Zheng Lin , Tao Jing , Long Xi‐Dai , Fu Guo‐Hui 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is an integral membrane protein found in erythrocytes. Our previous studies have demonstrated that AE1 is expressed in human gastric cancer cells and may be involved in the carcinogenesis of cancer. In this study, we further investigated the role of AE1 in gastric carcinogenesis and the anti‐tumour effects of AE1‐targeted small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in two experimental models of gastric cancer.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Molecular and cellular experiments were performed to elucidate the role of AE1 in the malignant transformation of gastric epithelium and the effects of AE1‐targeted siRNAs on gastric cancer cells. The anti‐tumour effect of the siRNA was evaluated in vivo in two mouse models, nude mice implanted with human gastric cancer xenografts (Model I) and mice with gastric cancer induced by N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) and Helicobacter pylori (Model II).KEY RESULTS AE1 was found to increase gastric carcinogenesis by promoting cell proliferation. AE1‐targeted siRNA significantly suppressed AE1 expression and hindered tumour growth. Furthermore, the siRNA markedly decreased the detection rate of gastric cancer, in parallel with an increase in atypical hyperplasia at the end of the experiment in Model II.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Knockdown of AE1 expression in gastric mucosa by administration of synthetic siRNAs significantly inhibits the growth of gastric cancer and decreases the detection rate of this tumour in experimental mice. These results suggest that AE1 is potentially a key therapeutic target and the silencing of AE1 expression in gastric mucosa could provide a new therapeutic approach for treating gastric cancer.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Adults With Migraines/Severe Headaches
Authors: Wells Rebecca Erwin , Bertisch Suzanne M. , Buettner Catherine , Phillips Russell S. , McCarthy Ellen P. 
Published: June 2011

(Headache 2011;51:1087‐1097)Objective.— Our objective was to determine patterns, reasons for, and correlates of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by US adults with migraines/severe headaches.Background.— While many patients with chronic conditions use CAM, little is known about CAM use by adults with migraines/severe headaches.Methods.— We compared CAM use between adults with and without self‐reported migraines/severe headaches using the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (n = 23,393), a national cross‐sectional survey.Results.— Adults with migraines/severe headaches used CAM more frequently than those without (49.5% vs 33.9%, P < .0001); differences persisted after adjustment (adjusted odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [1.15, 1.45]). Mind–body therapies (eg, deep breathing exercises, meditation, yoga) were used most commonly. More than 50% of adults with migraines/severe headaches reporting CAM use had not discussed it with their health care provider. Nonetheless, those with migraines/severe headaches used CAM more often than those without because of provider recommendation and because conventional treatments were perceived as ineffective or too costly. Correlates of CAM use among adults with migraines/severe headaches included anxiety, joint or low back pain, alcohol use, higher education, and living in the western USA. Only 4.5% of adults with migraines/severe headaches reported using CAM to specifically treat their migraines/severe headaches.Conclusions.— CAM is used more often among adults with migraines/severe headaches than those without. However, few report using CAM to specifically treat migraines/severe headaches. Mind–body therapies are used most frequently. Further research is needed to understand the effectiveness and mechanisms of CAM treatments in adults with migraines/severe headaches.
Migraine and Vestibular Symptoms—Identifying Clinical Features That Predict “Vestibular Migraine”
Authors: Cohen Joshua M. , Bigal Marcelo E. , Newman Lawrence C. 
Published: June 2011

Background.— Migraine and symptoms that may suggest a vestibular disorder (referred to herein broadly as vestibular symptoms—VS) often co‐exist. In part due to a lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, this relationship remains unknown to many physicians.Objective.— To determine common clinical features that may be associated with “vestibular migraine” (VM).Methods.— We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients diagnosed with VM at a headache center. In this group we recorded certain demographic and clinical features related to their disorder, including the most common triggers of the VS and the specific characteristics of the symptoms that suggested VM.Results.— Our sample consisted of 147 patients (68% women, mean age = 45 years, 39% with aura). Migraine onset preceded the onset of VS by a mean of 8 years. A total of 62 patients (42%) had gradual onset of VS, while in 48 (33%) symptoms began suddenly. The most commonly reported symptoms that led to the diagnosis of VM were: unsteadiness (134; 91%), balance disturbance (120; 82%), “light‐headedness” (113; 77%), and vertigo (84; 57%). VS and headache occurred concomitantly in 48% of patients. A total of 67 (47%) patients had VS that were chronic from onset, 29 (21%) had episodic symptoms, and in 46 (32%) the VS had evolved from episodic to chronic (with an average duration of 7.04 years required for this evolution to occur).Conclusions.— Vestibular migraine is a heterogeneous condition with varying symptomatology. As with migraine itself, symptomatic expression varies along a spectrum that extends from episodic to chronic. As the histories of many of the patients we evaluated would not meet current International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria, we suggest that new criteria which account for the heterogeneity and natural history of the disorder may be required to adequately diagnose and treat those who suffer from VM.
Effect of a Pharmacist‐Led Multicomponent Intervention Focusing on the Medication Monitoring Phase to Prevent Potential Adverse Drug Events in Nursing Homes
Authors: Lapane Kate L. , Hughes Carmel M. , Daiello Lori A. , Cameron Kathleen A. , Feinberg Janice 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which the use of a clinical informatics tool that implements prospective monitoring plans reduces the incidence of potential delirium, falls, hospitalizations potentially due to adverse drug events, and mortality.DESIGN: Randomized cluster trial.SETTING: Twenty‐five nursing homes serviced by two long‐term care pharmacies.PARTICIPANTS: Residents living in nursing homes during 2003 (1,711 in 12 intervention; 1,491 in 13 usual care) and 2004 (1,769 in 12 intervention; 1,552 in 13 usual care).INTERVENTION: The pharmacy automatically generated Geriatric Risk Assessment MedGuide (GRAM) reports and automated monitoring plans for falls and delirium within 24 hours of admission or as part of the normal time frame of federally mandated drug regimen review.MEASUREMENTS: Incidence of potential delirium, falls, hospitalizations potentially due to adverse drug events, and mortality.RESULTS: GRAM triggered monitoring plans for 491 residents. Newly admitted residents in the intervention homes experienced a lower rate of potential delirium onset than those in usual care homes (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.35–0.52), overall hospitalization (adjusted HR=0.89, 95% CI=0.72–1.09), and mortality (adjusted HR=0.88, 95% CI=0.66–1.16). In longer stay residents, the effects of the intervention were attenuated, and all estimates included unity.CONCLUSION: Using health information technology in long‐term care pharmacies to identify residents who might benefit from the implementation of prospective medication monitoring care plans when complex medication regimens carry potential risks for falls and delirium may reduce adverse effects associated with appropriate medication use.
Plasma membrane microdomains regulate TACE‐dependent TNFR1 shedding in human endothelial cells
Authors: D.’Alessio Alessio , Esposito Bianca , Giampietri Claudia , Ziparo Elio , Pober Jordan S. , Filippini Antonio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUpon stimulation by histamine, human vascular endothelial cells (EC) shed a soluble form of tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) that binds up free TNF, dampening the inflammatory response. Shedding occurs through proteolytic cleavage of plasma membrane‐expressed TNFR1 catalysed by TNF‐α converting enzyme (TACE). Surface expressed TNFR1 on EC is largely sequestered into specific plasma membrane microdomains, the lipid rafts/caveolae. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of these domains in TACE‐mediated TNFR1 shedding in response to histamine. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells derived EA.hy926 cells respond to histamine via H1 receptors to shed TNFR1. Both depletion of cholesterol by methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin and small interfering RNA knockdown of the scaffolding protein caveolin‐1 (cav‐1), treatments that disrupt caveolae, reduce histamine‐induced shedding of membrane‐bound TNFR1. Moreover, immunoblotting of discontinuous sucrose gradient fractions show that TACE, such as TNFR1, is present within low‐density membrane fractions, concentrated within caveolae, in unstimulated EA.hy926 endothelial cells and co‐immunoprecipitates with cav‐1. Silencing of cav‐1 reduces the levels of both TACE and TNFR1 protein and displaces TACE, from low‐density membrane fractions where TNFR1 remains. In summary, we show that endothelial lipid rafts/caveolae co‐localize TACE to surface expressed TNFR1, promoting efficient shedding of sTNFR1 in response to histamine.
Induced psychosis after withdrawal of varenicline: a case report
Authors: López Arteaga María T. , Amo Carlos , Sánchez Morla Eva M. , Sánchez Román Marina 
Published: June 2011

López Arteaga MT, Amo C, Sánchez Morla EM, Sánchez Román M. Induced psychosis after withdrawal of varenicline: a case report.Objective: Varenicline has been associated with psychiatric side effects, and cases with psychotic symptoms during treatment have been reported, few of them after the withdrawal. We describe a case with no current or previous medical or psychiatric history.Method: A single case report.Results: The patient without previous psychiatric pathology, following the withdrawal of treatment with varenicline, experiences delirium and behavioural disturbances. There was a remission of symptoms after 3 weeks of treatment with risperidone.Conclusion: Discontinuation of treatment with varenicline due to poor tolerance for side effects (nausea and insomnia) could trigger psychotic symptoms in subjects with no personal or family psychiatric history.
Preferred Information Sources for Clinical Decision Making: Critical Care Nurses’ Perceptions of Information Accessibility and Usefulness
Authors: Marshall Andrea P. , West Sandra H. , Aitken Leanne M. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Variability in clinical practice may result from the use of diverse information sources to guide clinical decisions. In routine clinical practice, nurses privilege information from colleagues over more formal information sources. It is not clear whether similar information‐seeking behaviour is exhibited when critical care nurses make decisions about a specific clinical practice, where extensive practice variability exists alongside a developing research base.Purpose: This study explored the preferred sources of information intensive care nurses used and their perceptions of the accessibility and usefulness of this information for making decisions in clinically uncertain situations specific to enteral feeding practice.Methods: An instrumental case study design, incorporating concurrent verbal protocols, Q methodology and focus groups, was used to determine intensive care nurses’ perspectives of information use in the resolution of clinical uncertainty.Findings: A preference for information from colleagues to support clinical decisions was observed. People as information sources were considered most useful and most accessible in the clinical setting. Text and electronic information sources were seen as less accessible, mainly because of the time required to access the information within the documents.Discussion: When faced with clinical uncertainty, obtaining information from colleagues allows information to be quickly accessed and applied within the context of a specific clinical presentation. Seeking information from others also provides opportunities for shared decision‐making and potential validation of clinical judgment, although differing views may exacerbate clinical uncertainty.Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The social exchange of clinical information may meet the needs of nurses working in a complex, time‐pressured environment but the extent of the evidence base for information passed through verbal communication is unclear. The perceived usefulness and accessibility of information is premised on the ease of use and access and thus the variability in information may be contributing to clinical uncertainty.
Emission sparks around M 81 and in some dwarf spheroidal galaxies
Authors: Karachentsev Igor , Kaisina Elena , Kaisin Serafim , Makarova Lidia 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
We use Hα images of three clumps of young stars situated between M 81 and NGC 3077 to estimate their star formation rate. Radial velocities of the clumps measured by us, as well as the velocity of the H ii region in the dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy KDG 61, are compatible with their location at the outskirts of a large rotating gaseous disc around M 81. In contrast to KDG 61, the radial velocity of the emission knot in the dSph galaxy DDO 44, +213 ± 25 km s-1, tells us that this Hα spark belongs to the dSph galaxy itself. F475W and F814W images of DDO 44 extracted from the Hubble Space Telescope archive reveal eight bluish (B − I &lt; 0.8) stars apparently associated with the Hα knot.
ESO 546-G34: the most-metal-poor, low surface brightness galaxy?
Authors: Mattsson Lars , Pilyugin Leonid S. , Bergvall Nils 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
We present a re-analysis of spectroscopic data for 23 H ii regions in 12 blue, metal-poor, low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs), taking advantage of recent developments in calibrating strong-line methods. In doing so, we have identified a galaxy (ESO 546−G34) which may be the most-metal-poor LSBG found in the local Universe. Furthermore, we find evidence that blue, metal-poor LSBGs, together with blue compact galaxies (BCGs) and many other H ii galaxies, fall outside the regular luminosity—metallicity relation. This suggests that there might be an evolutionary connection between LSBGs and BCGs. In such cases, several very metal poor LSBGs should exist in the local Universe.
The G‐protein on cholesterol‐rich membrane microdomains mediates mucosal sensing of short‐ chain fatty acid and secretory response in rat colon
Authors: Yajima T. , Inoue R. , Yajima M. , Tsuruta T. , Karaki S. , Hira T. , Kuwahara A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:  Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) stimulate colonic contraction and secretion, which are mediated by an enteric reflex via a mucosal sensing and cholinergic mechanisms. The involvement of G‐protein signal transduction was examined in the secretory response to luminal propionate sensing in rat distal colon.Methods:  Mucosa–submucosa and mucosa preparations were used to measure short‐circuit current (Isc) and acetylcholine (ACh) release respectively. Cholesterol‐rich membrane microdomains, lipid rafts/caveolae, were fractionated using a sucrose gradient ultra‐centrifugation after detergent‐free extraction of the isolated colonic crypt.Results:  Luminal addition of methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (10 mm) and mastoparan (30 μm), lipid rafts/caveolae disruptors, significantly inhibited luminal propionate‐induced (0.5 mm) increases in Isc, but did not affect increases in Isc induced by serosal ACh (0.05 mm) or electrical field stimulation (EFS). Luminal addition of YM–254890 (10 μm), a Gαq/11‐selective inhibitor, markedly inhibited propionate‐induced increase in Isc, but did not affect Isc responses to ACh and EFS. Both methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin and YM‐254890 significantly inhibited luminal propionate‐induced non‐neuronal release of ACh from colonocytes. Real‐time PCR demonstrated that in mRNA expression of SCFA receptors, GPR 43 was far higher than that of GPR41 in the colon. Western blotting analysis revealed that the cholesterol‐rich membrane microdomains that fractionated from colonic crypt cells were associated with caveolin‐1, flotillin‐1 and Gαq/11, but not GPR43. Uncoupling of Gαq/11 from flotillin‐1 in lipid rafts occurred under desensitization of the Isc response to propionate.Conclusions:  These data demonstrate that the secretory response to luminal propionate in rat colon is mediated by G‐protein on cholesterol‐rich membrane microdomains, provably via Gαq/11.
Patient Diaries As a Clinical Endpoint in Parkinson's Disease Clinical Trials
Authors: Papapetropoulos Spyridon (Spyros) 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an estimated 4 million patients worldwide. L‐dopa is standard, and often initial, therapy for patients with this condition; however, with continued dopaminergic treatment and as the disease progresses, the majority of patients experience complications such as “wearing‐off” symptoms, dyskinesias, and other motor complications. These complications may become disabling and profoundly affect quality of life. Treatment modification and combination therapies with L‐dopa, dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase inhibitors are commonly used to manage complications. In recent years regulatory agencies, clinical researchers, and sponsors have widely accepted and utilized changes in “ON” and “OFF” time measured by Patient Hauser Diaries as endpoints for measuring efficacy of therapeutics seeking approval for symptomatic treatment of PD. Successful antiparkinsonian medications have been associated with treatment effects of more than 1 h in either reduction of “OFF” time of increase in “ON” time. Accurate “ON” and “OFF” time registration during clinical studies requires rigorous patient training. Reduced compliance, recall bias and diary fatigue are common problems seen with patient diary reported measures. Electronic diaries may help reducing some of these problems but may be associated with other challenges in large, multicenter studies.
Novel Pentadecenyl Tetrazole Enhances Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Biofilms to Gentamicin
Authors: Olson Krista M. , Starks Courtney M. , Williams Russell B. , O'Neil-Johnson Mark , Huang Zhongping , Ellis Michael , Reilly John E. , Eldridge Gary R. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

One method that bacteria employ to reduce their susceptibility to antibiotics is the formation of biofilms. We developed a robust 6-well plate biofilm assay to evaluate early-stage discovery compounds against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA). Tissue culture-treated 6-well plates were selected for this assay because they facilitate the adherence of MRSA and enable accurate determination of the number of CFU in each well. The MRSA biofilms formed in this assay exhibit increased tolerances to clinically used antibiotics. Using this biofilm assay, we identified a novel potentiator of gentamicin against MRSA biofilms. The combination of gentamicin and pentadecenyl tetrazole is superior to clinically used MRSA antibiotics against these MRSA biofilms. This novel combination also exhibits synergistic effects on MRSA planktonic cells. This plant-derived compound reveals promise for its effectiveness and warrants further lead optimization as an antibiotic and aminoglycoside potentiator.
Expression of a Clostridium perfringens Type IV Pilin by Neisseria gonorrhoeae Mediates Adherence to Muscle Cells
Authors: Rodgers Katherine , Arvidson Cindy Grove , Melville Stephen 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Clostridium perfringens
is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that causes a range of diseases in humans, including lethal gas gangrene. We have recently shown that strains of
C. perfringens
move across the surface of agar plates by a unique type IV pilus (TFP)-mediated social motility that had not been previously described. Based on sequence homology to pilins in Gram-negative bacteria,
C. perfringens
appears to have two pilin subunits, PilA1 and PilA2. Structural prediction analysis indicated PilA1 is similar to the pseudopilin found in
Klebsiella oxytoca
, while PilA2 is more similar to true pilins found in the Gram-negative pathogens
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
. Strains of
N. gonorrhoeae
that were genetically deficient in the native pilin, PilE, but supplemented with inducible expression of PilA1 and PilA2 of
C. perfringens
were constructed. Genetic competence, wild-type twitching motility, and attachment to human urogenital epithelial cells were not restored by expression of either pilin. However, attachment to mouse and rat myoblast (muscle) cell lines was observed with the
N. gonorrhoeae
strain expressing PilA2. Significantly, wild-type
C. perfringens
cells adhered to mouse myoblasts under anaerobic conditions, and adherence was 10-fold lower in a
pilT
mutant that lacked functional TFP. These findings implicate
C. perfringens
TFP in the ability of
C. perfringens
to adhere to and move along muscle fibers
in vivo
, which may provide a therapeutic approach to limiting this rapidly spreading and highly lethal infection.
Relative Efficacy of Uptake and Presentation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Antigens by Type I Mouse Lung Epithelial Cells and Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Kumari Mandavi , Saxena Rajiv K. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTFlow cytometric studies indicated that both peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and primary lung epithelial (PLE) cells isolated from mouse lungs could take up fluorescence-taggedMycobacterium bovisBCG. BCG uptake in both cases was significantly inhibited by cytochalasin D, indicating active internalization of BCG by these cells. Confocal microscopy data further confirmed that BCG was internalized by PLE cells. BCG sonicate antigen (sBCG) had marked toxicity toward PMs but was relatively nontoxic to PLE cells. Accordingly, BCG sonicate antigen induced a significantly higher apoptotic and necrotic response in PMs compared to that in PLE cells. Both PMs and PLE cells exposed to BCG antigens and fixed thereafter could efficiently present antigens to purified BCG-sensitized T helper cells, as assessed by the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). If, however, PLE cells were fixed before exposure to BCG, antigen presentation was abrogated, indicating that the PLE cells may in some way process the BCG antigen. A comparison of efficacies of BCG-pulsed PLE cells and PMs to present antigen at various antigen-presenting cell (APC)/T cell ratios indicated that PMs had only marginally greater APC function than that of PLE cells. Staining with specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that the cultured PLE cells used for antigen presentation essentially comprised type I epithelial cells. Our results suggest that type I lung epithelial cells may present BCG antigens to sensitized T helper cells and that their performance as APCs is comparable with that of PMs.