bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autofocusing of laser lithography through the crosshair projection method
Authors: Wei Wei , Wei Jingsong , Gao Tianyu , Xu Xiaozhong 
Published: April 2024

In laser direct writing lithography, there is not any image information from the sample surface, which makes it difficult to find the position of the focal plane. To overcome the problem, an autofocusing through the crosshair projection method is proposed in this work. The crosshair on the reticle is inserted into the lighting path and imaged onto the sample surface. The addition of the crosshair projection increases the image information from the sample surface, meeting the requirement for the image information in focusing and improving the focusing environment. Furthermore, this work presents what we believe to be a new division of the focusing curve based on the range of the perpendicular feature extracted from the crosshair projection during the focusing process. The perpendicular feature can be extracted from the crosshair projection in the focusing zone but not in the flat zone. Compared with the traditional division, this new division enables the use of the perpendicular feature to directly determine the zone of the current sample position and to find the focusing zone during the focusing process. This can completely filter out the interference of local fluctuations in the flat zone, greatly facilitating the sample focusing. The autofocusing process was designed based on this division, and experiments were carried out accordingly. The focusing accuracy is about 0.15 µm, which is in the range of the depth of focus of the optical system. The results show that the proposed method provides a good solution to achieve accurate focusing based on the crosshair projection image from the sample surface in laser lithography.
Association between dental clinical measures and oral health-related quality of life among Iraqi schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alautry Hanan Fadhil , Namdari Mahshid , Khoshnevisan Mohammad Hossein , Ghasemi Hadi 
Published: April 2024

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the association between dental clinical measures and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) together with the potential mediating role of sociodemographic factors and oral health behaviours on this association in a group of Iraqi children.

Methods
The target population for this cross-sectional study consisted of 372 primary school children aged 8–10 years in the city of Kut, Iraq, during the year 2022. The participants were selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Detailed information about the children was collected through a comprehensive questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, oral health-related behaviors, the Arabic version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 8-10-year-olds (CPQ8-10), and parental knowledge regarding oral health. Additionally, clinical dental evaluations were conducted, which included assessments of decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS, dmfs) as well as teeth (DMFT, dmft). Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), bleeding on probing (BOP), and the community periodontal index (CPI) were also recorded for each participant using the recommended methodology by the World Health Organization (WHO). The statistical analysis included the Chi-square test, independent t-test, and simple and multiple linear regressions.

Results
The mean age of the children was 9.0 (± 0.82) years. About one-third of children reported brushing at least two times per day and consuming a sweet snack once a day. Visiting a dentist during the past year was reported by 21% of children. Oral health behaviours demonstrated a significant association with the total CPQ8-10 scores (p < 0.001). Based on adjusted effects (β and 95% CI) from the multiple linear regressions, untreated dental caries (dt > 0, DT > 0) had a negative impact on the total CPQ8-10 score (adjusted β = 2.3 (95% CI: 0.67 to 3.91) and 3.4 (95% CI: 2.14 to 4.56), respectively). Decayed surfaces (DS), and teeth (DT) were associated with the total score of the CPQ8-10 and all its subscales (adjusted β range = 0.1 (95% C.I.: 0.03 to 0.19)–1.0 (95% CI: 0.72 to 1.26) and 0.2 (95% CI: 0.004 to 0.40)–1.2 (95% CI: 0.91 to 1.67), respectively). There was an association between oral hygiene index and total CPQ8-10 scores (adjusted β = 1.8 (95% CI: 0.62 to 3.02)), especially the functional limitations and emotional well-being subscales.

Conclusion
Findings of this study emphasizes the negative impact of dental caries and poor oral hygiene on children’s OHRQoL. This association is highlighted more when considering that over two-thirds of these children do not comply with favourable levels of oral health behaviour. Enhancing the level of OHRQoL among these children, therefore, necessitates comprehensive programs for decreasing the volume of unmet oral health needs and improving children’s adherence to recommended oral health behaviours.
Level of adherence to option B+ program and associated factors among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ayele Alemu Degu , Kassa Bekalu Getnet , Mihretie Gedefaye Nibret , Belay Habtamu Gebrehana , Sewyew Dagne Addisu , Semahegn Abenezer Melkie , Yehuala Enyew Dagnew , Tiruneh Gebrehiwot Ayalew , Tenaw Lebeza Alemu , Sendekie Abrham Debeb , Teffera Adanech Getie , Aychew Eden Workneh , Belachew Yismaw Yimam , Liyeh Tewachew Muche , Worke Mulugeta Dile 
Published: April 2024

Background
Despite policy initiatives and strategic measures highly focused on preventing mother-to-child transmission through the implementation of the Option B+ program, adherence to the treatment is still challenging. The level of adherence and determinants of Option B+ program utilization reported by different studies were highly inconsistent in Ethiopia. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of adherence to the Option B+ program and its predictors among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia.

Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were searched for published articles from March 2010 to March 2022. The pooled prevalence of adherence was estimated using a weighted DerSimonian-Laird random effect model. The I2 statistics was used to identify the degree of heterogeneity. Publication bias was also assessed using the funnel plot and Egger’s regression test.

Results
A total of 15 studies were included. The pooled estimate of the option B+ program among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia was 81.58% (95% CI: 77.33–85.84). Getting social and financial support (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 2.12, 6.58), disclosure of HIV status to partners (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.75, 2.41), time to reach a health facility (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.67), receiving counseling on drug side effects (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.74, 6.11), experience of drug side effects (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.36), and knowledge (AOR = 4.73, 95% CI: 2.62, 8.51) were significantly associated with adherence to the Option B+ program.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis showed that the level of adherence to the Option B+ program in Ethiopia is lower than the 95% level of adherence planned to be achieved in 2020. Social and financial support, disclosure of HIV status, time to reach the health facility, counseling, drug side effects, and knowledge of PMTCT were significantly associated with option B+ adherence. The findings of this meta-analysis highlight that governmental, non-governmental, and other stakeholders need to design an effective strategy to scale up the level of disclosing one’s own HIV status, access health facilities, improve knowledge of PMTCT, and counsel the potential side effects of Option B+ drugs, and advocate the program to reduce the multidimensional burden of HIV/AIDS.

Trial registration
Prospero registration: CRD42022320947. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022320947.
Cascade of care for hypertension among apparently healthy and unhealthy individuals of 25–64 years in the Czech Republic
Authors: Berka Barbora , Lustigová Michala , Urbanová Jana , Krollová Pavlína , Hloch Ondřej , Romanová Alexandra , Michalec Juraj , Taniwall Arian , Žejglicová Kristýna , Malinovská Jana , Jenšovský Michael , Vejtasová Veronika , González-Rivas Juan P. , Maranhao Neto Geraldo A. , Pavlovska Iuliia , Brož Jan 
Published: April 2024

Background
Despite accessible diagnostics and treatment of hypertension, a high proportion of patients worldwide remain unaware of their diagnosis, and even more remain untreated. Several studies suggest that absence of comorbidities is a predictive factor for unawareness and consequently non-treatment of hypertension. There are only a few studies that have assessed the hypertension prevalence and management among apparently healthy individuals.

Objective
The aim of the study was to assess and compare hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among apparently healthy individuals, patients with internal diseases, and patients with non-internal diseases.

Methods
Data from standardised blood pressure measurements conducted during the Czech European Health Examination Survey 2014 and information on health status and health care use collected during the Czech European Health Interview Survey 2014 were analyzed. We focused on participants aged 25–64. Data were weighted on sex and age to ensure an appropriate sex and age structure of the population. The χ2-test and binary logistic regression analyses were used to compare distribution of cascade of care for hypertension between the health-status groups of respondents.

Results
The final eligible sample consisted of 1121 participants. The prevalence of hypertension was 32.8% in the healthy group, 29.8% in the non-internal disease group and 52.4% in the internal disease group, (p < 0.001). Awareness was 54.1%, 59.1% and 85.2% respectively, (p < 0.001). Treatment was 44.2%, 52.6% and 86.4%, respectively, (p < 0.001). Among apparently healthy respondents 62.6% had their blood pressure measured by a medical professional in the last year, compared to 71.1% in the non-internal disease group and 91.7% in the internal disease group, (p < 0.001). Differences in hypertension control were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Generally, our data show a discordance in hypertension management within the Czech population. Apparently healthy individuals are the least aware of their diagnosis and the highest proportion of them remain untreated.
Temporal changes in toe-brachial index results in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Baines Belinda L. , Pianta Timothy , Tacey Mark , Bramston Cassandra , Cotchett Matthew , Tucker Stephen , Jessup Rebecca L. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Toe brachial index (TBI), the ratio of toe pressure to systolic blood pressure (SBP), helps predict peripheral arterial disease. In patients with kidney failure this may be performed during haemodialysis for convenience. Until recently there has been little evaluation of the impact of haemodialysis in limb and systemic perfusion on these values. We aimed to determine if the values of TBI would change during and after dialysis compared to pre-dialysis assessments.

Methods
Using a repeated measures study, TBIs and toe pressures were measured using the Hadeco Smartop Vascular Ultrasound Doppler in 31 patients undergoing haemodialysis. TBI assessments were completed pre-dialysis and compared to values obtained at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and post-dialysis to monitor change in TBI results. Comparison of values for each patient were tested for differences using paired t-tests. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test for the effect of patient and clinical factors on change in outcome measures.

Results
Mean TBI decreased from pre-dialysis at 1 hour (0.72 to 0.63, p = 0.01) and remained lower at 2 hours and 3 hours, before returning to pre-dialysis levels at post-dialysis. Mean systolic blood pressure also declined during dialysis. Mean TBI results were lower in those with a history of lower limb ulceration and in females.
Sixteen patients (51.6%) had a normal TBI at baseline, 14 (45.2%) had a mildly low TBI, and one (3.2%) had a severely low TBI. Between baseline and 1 h, five patient’s results moved from normal to mildly abnormal and one from mildly abnormal to severely abnormal. As haemodialysis concluded (post-dialysis) there were 17 (56.7%) ‘normal’ TBIs, with no severely abnormal TBIs (p = 0.73). 0.30)

Conclusion
TBI and toe pressures are impacted significantly by dialysis. TBI and toe pressure assessments should be conducted before haemodialysis begins, or between dialysis sessions to avoid variability.
Polypharmacy and associated factors in South Korean elderly patients with dementia: An analysis using National Health Insurance claims data
Authors: Kim Hea-Lim , Lee Hye-Jae 
Published: April 2024

Background
Dementia is accompanied by several symptoms, including cognitive function decline, as well as behavioral and psychological symptoms. Elderly patients with dementia often experience polypharmacy, the concurrent use of multiple medications, due to chronic comorbidities. However, research on polypharmacy in patients with dementia is limited. This study aimed to characterize polypharmacy and associated factors among elderly patients with dementia in South Korea, and compare the characteristics of patients with and without dementia patients.

Methods
From the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-Senior cohort database, we extracted data on patients aged≥60 years who received outpatient treatment in 2019. Polypharmacy was defined as the concurrent use of five or more different oral medications for ≥90 days; excessive polypharmacy referred to the concurrent use of ten or more different oral medications for ≥90 days. We compared the prevalence of polypharmacy between patients with and without and identified the associated factors using a logistic regression model.

Results
About 70.3% and 23.7% of patients with dementia exhibited polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy, respectively. After adjusting for conditions such as age and Charlson’s comorbidity index, the likelihood of polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy significantly increased over time after the diagnosis of dementia. Additionally, under the same conditions, Medical Aid beneficiaries with dementia were more likely to experience polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy compared to patients with dementia covered by National Health Insurance (NHI).

Conclusion
This study reports the latest evidence on the status and risk factors of polypharmacy in elderly patients with dementia. We proposed that careful monitoring and management are required for patients at high risk for polypharmacy.
Men’s education and intimate partner violence—Beyond the victim-oriented perspective: Evidence from demographic and health surveys in Central Africa
Authors: Tsala Dimbuene Zacharie , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Amugsi Dickson Abanimi 
Published: April 2024

Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has increasingly received attention in the last three decades. However, IPV-related studies in both high- and low- and middle-income countries adopted a victim-oriented perspective in which men are perpetrators and women, the victims. Using socio-cultural and resource theories as guiding frameworks, this paper assessed the associations between men’s education and IPV in Central Africa, using nationally representative data of married and cohabiting women of reproductive ages.

Methods
Data included in the analyses come from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Cameroon, Gabon, and Chad. Analyzed sub-samples consisted of 3421, 5023, 3930, and 3221 married/cohabiting women of reproductive ages in Chad, DRC, Cameroon, and Gabon, respectively.

Results
Findings indicated significant variations of IPV prevalence within and across countries. Previous research demonstrated that men’s education is a protective factor in health-related studies. The present study, however, provide no clear evidence on the linkages between men’s education and IPV. In contrast, the paper substantiated that highly educated women were at higher risks of IPV when spouses/partners were less educated.

Conclusion
These findings have policy and programmatic implications because they might impede progress towards SDG goals on the elimination of all forms of violence against girls and women in Central Africa, which recorded the worst development indicators in sub-Saharan Africa. On a methodological note, studies are increasingly using pooled data to increase statistical power. Those studies can be very limited to devise effective IPV—interventions since they mask geographical variations within and across countries. More effective IPV—interventions should be culturally rooted and accounting for geographical variations because some areas are more affected than others.
Radial solutions and a local bifurcation result for a singular elliptic problem with Neumann condition
Authors: Saccon Claudio 
Published: April 2024

We study the problem
−
Δ
u
=
λ
u
−

u

−
1

with a Neumann boundary condition; the peculiarity being the presence of the singular term
−

u

−
1

. We point out that the minus sign in front of the negative power of
u
is particularly challenging, since no convexity argument can be invoked. Using bifurcation techniques we are able to prove the existence of solution
(

u
λ

,
λ
)
with

u
λ

approaching the trivial constant solution
u
=

λ

−
1

/

2

and
λ
close to an eigenvalue of a suitable linearized problem. To achieve this we also need to prove a generalization of a classical two-branch bifurcation result for potential operators. Next we study the radial case and show that in this case one of the bifurcation branches is global and we find the asymptotical behavior of such a branch. This results allows to derive the existence of multiple solutions
u
with
λ
fixed.
Global attractivity of a higher order nonlinear difference equation with decreasing terms
Authors: Wang Xiao , Qian Chuanxi 
Published: April 2024

In the present paper, we further study the asymptotical behavior of the following higher order nonlinear difference equation

x
(
n
+
1
)
=
a
x
(
n
)
+
b
f
(
x
(
n
)
)
+
c
f
(
x
(
n
−
k
)
)
,

n
=
0
,
1
,
…
where
a
,
b
and
c
are constants with
0
<
a
<
1
,
0
≤
b
<
1
,
0
≤
c
<
1
and
a
+
b
+
c
=
1
,
f
∈
C
[
[
0
,
∞
)
,
[
0
,
∞
)
]
with
f
(
x
)
>
0
for
x
>
0
, and
k
is a positive integer, which has been recently studied in: On global attractivity of a higher order difference equation and its applications [Electron. J. Qual. Theory Diff. Equ. 2022, No. 2, 1–14]. We obtain some new sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of positive solutions of the equation, and show the applications of these results to some population models.
Pyrazole-based photoinitiator with antibacterial activity
Authors: Yapaoz Melda Altikatoglu , Keskin Dogruyol Sevnur 
Published: April 2024

1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl) ethanone (MPPY) was synthesized. The structure was characterized by spectral analysis (1H-NMR, FTIR). The molar absorptivity of MPPY is high enough, similarly to acetonaphthone derivatives, to be used as an efficient type I photoinitiator. The influence of MPPY concentration and the addition of the co-initiator N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) on methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization were also investigated. Additionally, MPPY showed good antibacterialactivity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (diffusion method).
The Influences of Multi-Level Environmental Regulations on Firm Performance in China
Authors: Kong Fanjing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A multi-level perspective of how environmental regulations affect firm performance receives less attention. By document analysis and semi-structured interviews, this study examines the influences of environmental regulations from the central government, the local governments, and the corporate on firm performance with a case study based on a state-owned enterprise named SINOPEC Yangzi Petrochemical Company (SYPC) in China. The findings show that the regulations from different levels exert distinct but interconnected influences on performance of SYPC. The guiding concepts from the central government, the prescriptive standards from the local governments, and the performance management systems from the SINOPEC headquarters incentivize SYPC to innovate green technology. Technical upgrade, good relations with the government, and popularity in the public due to the implementation of regulations improve economic performance of SYPC, though which is not the priority of the company. SYPC actively implements environmental policies but also acts as a part of the strategy of SINOPEC circumventing regulations.
Preparation of itaconic acid-modified epoxy resins and comparative study on the properties of it and epoxy acrylates
Authors: Ye Qinchen , Zhao Qiuli , Yang Qinghao , Li Wendong , Hou Zhenzhong , Zhang Guanjun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To investigate the potential applications of bio-based epoxy resins across diverse fields, this study synthesized a bio-based epoxy resin using itaconic acid (EIA) as the precursor material and compared its thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties with those of epoxy acrylate (EA). The findings indicate that the glass transition temperature and the 5% thermal decomposition temperature of the EIA-cured system are higher than those of EA. The breakdown field strength of the EIA-cured system is slightly higher than that of EA (35.58 kV·mm−1), suggesting that EIA exhibits stronger electrical properties compared to EA. Mechanical property tests demonstrate that the tensile strength, elongation at the fracture point, and Shore hardness of the EIA-cured system are superior to those of EA. In conclusion, EIA, serving as a matrix resin, is influenced by cross-linking density and intramolecular ester bonding and exhibits close electrical strength but superior mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties than EA.
Preparation and characterization of stannous phosphate glass – polytetrafluoroethylene composites
Authors: Shyu Jiin-Jyh , Tsai Pei-Chun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A low-T
g SnO–MgO–P2O5 (SMP) glass was mixed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to form composites by a sintering route. Effects of SMP:PTFE ratio and sintering temperature (350 °C–430 °C) on the microstructure and the bonding ability to a low thermal-expansion glass substrate were investigated. The onset softening temperatures of SMP and PTFE are close (328 °C and 313 °C), which are much lower than the onset temperature of weight loss of PTFE (381 °C). This is important for the sintering of SMP–PTFE composites. After sintering, pure SMP glass was not able to bond to the low thermal-expansion 1737® glass substrates. However, SMP–PTFE composites were able to bond to 1737® after sintering at appropriate temperatures. A possible mechanism for the enhancement of bonding by adding PTFE is discussed.
Notetaking among nursing students
Authors: Cross Lisa , Kendrick Amy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The purpose of this review was to determine the current state of the literature for notetaking among nursing students and identify implications for future nursing education and research. Notetaking is frequently used by college students and is a proven learning strategy. There has been less research for notetaking among nursing students than students in other disciplines.

Content
This narrative review was completed using the method described by Ferrari. Seven electronic databases were searched from 2018 to 2023 using the terms notetaking, students, and nursing.

Summary
Seven of 65 articles were included in this review. Upon analysis, three categories of research findings were identified: learning style, notetaking skill, and notetaking and technology.

Outlook
Nursing faculty should be aware of learning styles, notetaking strategies, and notetaking skill when designing assignments and course content for students. Future research should be done on this population to strengthen the findings of current literature.