bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute liver failure with subsequent cirrhosis as the primary manifestation of TRMU mutations
Authors: Schara Ulrike , von Kleist‐Retzow Jürgen‐Christoph , Lainka Elke , Gerner Patrick , Pyle Angela , Smith Paul M. , Lochmüller Hanns , Czermin Birgit , Abicht Angela , Holinski‐Feder Elke , Horvath Rita 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCombined respiratory chain deficiency accounts for about 30% of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies and is frequently associated with mtDNA depletion, deletions or point mutations. However combined respiratory chain deficiency may also be caused by mutations in nuclear genes affecting mitochondrial translation. Here we describe a 2‐year‐old girl, who developed an acute, isolated, severe liver failure with mitochondrial pathology and decreased respiratory chain enzyme activities both in liver and skeletal muscle at 4 months of age. Her liver function improved significantly within a month, liver function tests returned to normal. Liver cirrhosis remained without any further complications so far. Pathogenic compound heterozygous mutations were identified in the TRMU gene. This condition is one of the few mitochondrial disorders with a life‐threatening onset showing recovery later in life, therefore a prompt diagnosis and treatment of these patients has great importance in clinical practice. We suggest that TRMU deficiency should be considered in infants with acute liver disease.
Response of Postpoliomyelitis Patients to Bisphosphonate Treatment
Authors: Alvarez Arodi , Kremer Richard , Weiss Deborah R. , Benedetti Andrea , Haziza Muriel , Trojan Daria A. 
Published: December 2010

ObjectiveTo evaluate (1) the rate of change of bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip in postpolio patients treated with bisphosphonates compared with the rate of change in BMD in (a) postpolio patients not treated with bisphosphonates and (b) non‐postpolio patients treated with bisphosphonates; and (2) to compare the fracture rate in postpolio patients before and after treatment.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingUniversity‐affiliated hospital postpolio clinic and bone metabolism clinic.ParticipantsPatients with at least 2 BMD assessments. We included 144 postpolio patients and 112 non‐postpolio patients. For the fracture analysis, 32 postpolio patients with a history of fractures and treatment with bisphosphonates were included.MethodsThe effect of treatment on BMD in postpolio patients was analyzed with use of a multiple linear regression model and a mixed effects model, with the rate of change in hip BMD and the change in BMD from baseline, respectively, as the dependent variables. The effect of treatment on occurrence of fractures in postpolio patients was analyzed with use of conditional logistic regression and Poisson regression.Main Outcome MeasuresBMD measurements at the femoral neck (g/cm2) and occurrence of fractures before and after initiation of treatment.ResultsIn an adjusted model, postpolio patients treated with bisphosphonates (54/144) had a greater rate of change in BMD (0.031 g/cm2/year; 95% confidence interval 0.010‐0.052) compared with nontreated postpolio patients. The effect of treatment in postpolio patients was similar to that in non‐postpolio patients. Evidence indicated that treated postpolio patients have a lower risk of fracture after treatment (odds ratio 0.3, P = .046; rate ratio 0.4, P = .183).ConclusionsIn this retrospective study, it was found that treatment with oral bisphosphonates significantly increases BMD at the hip in postpolio patients. The effect of bisphosphonate treatment appears to be similar in postpolio patients compared with a control group without polio. Treatment with bisphosphonates may have a protective effect on fracture risk in this population.
Differences in Activity Limitation Between 2 Low Back Pain Subgroups Based on the Movement System Impairment Model
Authors: Hoffman Shannon L. , Harris‐Hayes Marcie , Van Dillen Linda R. 
Published: December 2010

ObjectiveTo examine if activity limitation differs between 2 low back pain (LBP) subgroups in the Movement System Impairment (MSI) model.DesignCross‐sectional observational study.SettingUniversity medical center musculoskeletal analysis laboratory.ParticipantsConvenience sample of 83 subjects with chronic LBP who were subgrouped as rotation (Rot) or rotation with extension (RotExt) according to the MSI model.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasurementsSubjects completed the modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and the physical function subscale of the 36‐Item Short‐Form Health survey (SF‐36 PFS) to assess activity limitation. Subjects also completed baseline measures related to demographics, LBP history, pain intensity, habitual activity level, general health status, and fear‐avoidance behavior. Independent‐samples t‐tests, χ2 tests of independence, and 2‐way analysis of variance tests were used to analyze the data.ResultsSubjects in the Rot subgroup reported greater activity limitation on the modified Oswestry Questionnaire (P = .02) and SF‐36 PFS (P = .03) than subjects in the RotExt subgroup. No other differences between LBP subgroups were significant (P > .05), except gender. More women (71%) than men (29%) were in the RotExt subgroup (P = .03). However, there was no main effect of gender and no interaction effect of gender and LBP subgroup on the modified Oswestry Questionnaire or the SF‐36 PFS (P > .05).ConclusionsThese results support that the Rot and RotExt LBP subgroups based on the MSI model differ with regard to variables that index activity limitation, with the Rot subgroup reporting greater limitation on both activity limitation measures. These differences are not the result of differences in other baseline measures.
Plant and animal protein intake and its association with overweight and obesity among the Belgian population
Authors: Lin Yi , Bolca Selin , Vandevijvere Stefanie , De Vriese Stephanie , Mouratidou Theodora , De Neve Melissa , Polet Anja , Van Oyen Herman , Van Camp John , De Backer Guy , De Henauw Stefaan , Huybrechts Inge 
Published: December 2010

The objective of the present study was to assess animal and plant protein intakes in the Belgian population and to examine their relationship with overweight and obesity (OB). The subjects participated in the Belgian National Food Consumption Survey conducted in 2004. Food consumption was assessed by using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. About 3083 participants ( ≥ 15 years of age; 1546 males, 1537 females) provided completed dietary information. Animal protein intake (47 g/d) contributed more to total protein intakes of 72 g/d than plant protein intake, which accounted for 25 g/d. Meat and meat products were the main contributors to total animal protein intakes (53 %), whereas cereals and cereal products contributed most to plant protein intake (54 %). Males had higher animal and plant protein intakes than females (P < 0·001). Legume and soya protein intakes were low in the whole population (0·101 and 0·174 g/d, respectively). In males, animal protein intake was positively associated with BMI (β = 0·013;P = 0·001) and waist circumference (WC; β = 0·041;P = 0·002). Both in males and females, plant protein intake was inversely associated with BMI (males: β = − 0·036;P < 0·001; females: β = − 0·046;P = 0·001) and WC (male: β = − 0·137;P < 0·001; female: β = − 0·096;P = 0·024). In conclusion, plant protein intakes were lower than animal protein intakes among a representative sample of the Belgian population and decreased with age. Associations with anthropometric data indicated that plant proteins could offer a protective effect in the prevention of overweight and OB in the Belgian population.
Changes in macular pigment optical density and serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin in response to weight loss
Authors: Kirby Mark L. , Beatty Stephen , Stack Jim , Harrison Michael , Greene Isabelle , McBrinn Sean , Carroll Paula , Nolan John M. 
Published: December 2010

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether weight loss is associated with changes in serum concentrations of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), and/or macular pigment optical density (MPOD). We recruited 104 overweight subjects into this randomised controlled weight loss study. For the intervention group (I group), weight was assessed weekly and body composition, including BMI (kg/m2) and body fat (kg and percentage), was assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Weight loss was encouraged using dietary and exercise programmes. MPOD was measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry and serum concentrations of L and Z by HPLC (at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months). The control (C) group was assessed at baseline and 12 months. Repeated-measures ANOVA (RMA) demonstrated significant weight loss in the I group over the study period (P = 0·000). There was no significant weight change in the C group (P = 0·993). RMA of dietary L and Z, serum L and Z, and MPOD demonstrated no significant time or time × group interaction effect in any of these parameters (P>0·05 for all), with the exception of a significant decrease in the dietary intake of Z seen in both groups, over the study period (P < 0·05). There was a positive and significant relationship between body fat loss (kg) and increase in serum concentrations of L in the I group (r 0·521; P = 0·006). Our finding that a reduction in body composition (e.g. fat mass) is related to increases in serum concentrations of L is consistent with the hypothesis that body fat acts as a reservoir for this carotenoid, and that weight loss can positively influence circulating carotenoid levels.
EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS FOR SINGULAR ODES
Authors: O'REGAN DONAL , ORPEL ALEKSANDRA 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe investigate eigenvalue intervals for the Dirichlet problem when the nonlinearity may be singular at t = 0 or t = 1. Our approach is based on variational methods and cover both sublinear and superlinear cases. We also study the continuous dependence of solutions on functional parameters.
Persistent and recurrent conductive deafness following stapedotomy
Authors: Thiel G , Mills R 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:Stapedotomy produces the best hearing results of any otological operation. However, in a small number of cases the air–bone gap is not successfully closed, or conductive hearing loss recurs.Objective:To investigate the proportion of cases in the senior author's series which required revision surgery and to determine the medium to long term success rate of surgery, taking into account the results of revision surgery.Methods:Review of a series of 233 primary stapedotomy operations and 100 revision procedures carried out by one surgeon over a 20-year period.Results:Closure of the air–bone gap to within 10 dB was achieved in 80 per cent of cases following the primary procedure. Fifteen per cent of patients developed a recurrence of conductive hearing loss. When the results of revision surgery were taken into account, the proportion of ears with a mean air–bone gap of less than 10 dB was 86 per cent. However, of the patients undergoing revision surgery, air–bone gap closure to within 10 dB was only achieved in 52 per cent of cases.Conclusion:The best chance of obtaining a successful outcome in stapedotomy is to achieve this for the first procedure. However, revision surgery does increase the medium to long term success rate.
Influence of a narrow depth gradient and season on the morphology, phenology, and epibiosis of the brown algaSargassum cymosum
Authors: Jacobucci G.B. , Güth A.Z. , Turra A. , Leite F.P.P. 
Published: December 2010

Temporal and spatial fluctuations of environmental parameters are normally assigned as causes of variations in morpho-phenological characters of seaweeds and in their epibionts, but formal tests of such hypotheses are lacking, especially in narrow gradients. The present study evaluated the influence of a very small depth gradient (1 to 3 m) and of subtle seasonality characteristic of tropical areas on morpho-phenological traits and on the occurrence of sessile epiphytic organisms using a controlled orthogonal sampling design in a sublittoral population of the tropical brown algaSargassum cymosum. Four temporal samples were obtained over a one-year period at three depths using nine replicates. The wet weight, maximum length, number of primary and secondary branches, and proportion of secondary branches with receptacles were recorded. Epibiosis was estimated by visual evaluation of percentage cover on secondary branches. Algal morphology varied as a function of the period of the year (weaker effect) and depth (stronger effect) but in different ways for each variable analysed. In general, fronds tended to be shorter, heavier, and more ramified in shallower areas. In relation to time, the morphological characters tended mostly to present higher values in January (summer) and/or April (autumn). Frequency of receptacles did not depend on algal morphology and depth at all but varied in time, although only in the deepest area. Epibiosis also did not depend on algal morphology but varied in relation to time (stronger effect) and, to a lesser extent, depth (weaker effect). The effect of time upon epibiosis also depended on the biological group analysed. These data support the hypothesis that algal morphology varies in relation to period of the year and depth, even under small temporal and spatial environmenal gradients.
Life history characters and population dynamics of the boreal larvaceanOikopleura vanhoeffeni(Tunicata) in Conception Bay, Newfoundland
Authors: Choe Nami , Deibel Don 
Published: December 2010

We examined the population dynamics and life history characters of the boreal larvaceanOikopleura vanhoeffeniin Conception Bay over two years and determined its role in secondary production. Based on the analysis of age structure inferred from statolith diameter, the generation time was approximately one year. Recruitment of new cohorts and maximum population growth rate occurred in the spring. Somatic growth rate was 0.017 d−1from the year 2001 to 2002 and 0.043 d−1from 2002 to 2003, with an acceleration in growth rate during April in response to the spring diatom bloom despite the coldest water temperatures. The annual production rate (i.e. somatic + house production) of 8.7 g C m−2y−1in 2001/2, and 3.8 g C m−2y−1in 2002/3, represented 2.9–6.7% of primary production and 37–87% of estimated mesozooplankton production, suggesting thatO. vanhoeffeniis a major secondary producer in Conception Bay. Individuals matured at seasonally variable body size throughout the year and potential fecundity peaked as the individuals matured at their largest body size during the spring bloom, most likely resulting in maximum egg production and population growth rates at that time of year. Thus, a seasonal pulse of food is a major driving force that regulates the variation in life history characters and population dynamics of the borealO. vanhoeffeni.
Migration, Citizenship and Belonging in Hyderabad (Deccan), 1946–1956
Authors: SHERMAN TAYLOR C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWhilst the history of the Indian diaspora after independence has been the subject of much scholarly attention, very little is known about non-Indian migrants in India. This paper traces the fate of Arabs, Afghans and other Muslim migrants after the forcible integration of the princely state of Hyderabad into the Indian Union in 1948. Because these non-Indian Muslims were doubly marked as outsiders by virtue of their foreign birth and their religious affiliation, the government of India wished to deport these men and their families. But the attempt to repatriate these people floundered on both political and legal shoals. In the process, many were left legally stateless. Nonetheless, migrants were able to creatively change the way they self-identified both to circumvent immigration controls and to secure greater privileges within India.
Child Disability and the Dynamics of Family Poverty, Hardship and Financial Strain: Evidence from the UK
Authors: SHAHTAHMASEBI SAID , EMERSON ERIC , BERRIDGE DAMON , LANCASTER GILLIAN 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDisabled children are significantly more likely to grow up in poverty than their non-disabled peers. We used longitudinal data from Waves 3–7 (2001–2005) of the UK Families and Children Study to explore the relationship between the presence of a disabled child in the family and poverty transitions. When compared to other families, families supporting a disabled child are more likely to be exposed to persistent or recurrent poverty, less likely to escape from an episode of poverty and more likely to descend into poverty. However, statistically controlling for the effects of salient family characteristics either attenuates, eliminates or reverses these associations. That is, when compared to other families with similar levels of personal and social resources, families supporting a disabled child are no more likely to escape from or descend into poverty than other families. Results are discussed in relation to the need for social policy to invest in strengthening the broader capabilities of families of disabled children.
3D simultaneous localization and mapping using IMU and its observability analysis
Authors: Aghili Farhad 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThis paper investigates 3-dimensional (3D) Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and the corresponding observability analysis by fusing data from landmark sensors and a strap-down Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in an adaptive Kalman filter (KF). In addition to the vehicle's states and landmark positions, the self-tuning filter estimates the IMU calibration parameters as well as the covariance of the measurement noise. The discrete-time covariance matrix of the process noise, the state transition matrix and the observation sensitivity matrix are derived in closed form, making it suitable for real-time implementation. Examination of the observability of the 3D SLAM system leads to the the conclusion that the system remains observable, provided that at least three known landmarks, which are not placed in a straight line, are observed.
Subjectivity detection in spoken and written conversations
Authors: MURRAY GABRIEL , CARENINI GIUSEPPE 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this work we investigate four subjectivity and polarity tasks on spoken and written conversations. We implement and compare several pattern-based subjectivity detection approaches, including a novel technique wherein subjective patterns are learned from both labeled and unlabeled data, using n-gram word sequences with varying levels of lexical instantiation. We compare the use of these learned patterns with an alternative approach of using a very large set of raw pattern features. We also investigate how these pattern-based approaches can be supplemented and improved with features relating to conversation structure. Experimenting with meeting speech and email threads, we find that our novel systems incorporating varying instantiation patterns and conversation features outperform state-of-the-art systems despite having no recourse to domain-specific features such as prosodic cues and email headers. In some cases, such as when working with noisy speech recognizer output, a small set of well-motivated conversation features performs as well as a very large set of raw patterns.
White House Scientific Integrity Efforts Advance Despite Delay in Recommendations
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: December 2010

A delay in the White House's release of recommendations on guaranteeing scientific integrity in the executive branch has led to a recent lawsuit and has raised some concerns about the implementation of a 2009 White House memorandum on the topic, even as some steps are being taken by the government to move forward with aspects of that memorandum.The memorandum on scientific integrity, issued on 9 March 2009, directed the head of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to develop by 9 July 2009 recommendations to guarantee scientific integrity. A 19 October 2010 lawsuit filed by the Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER) seeks to compel OSTP to disclose records that “concern the promulgation of proposed policies to ‘restore scientific integrity in government decision making.’“
New START, Eyjafjallajökull, and Nuclear Winter
Authors: Robock Alan 
Published: December 2010

On 8 April 2010, U.S. president Barack Obama and Russian president Dmitry Medvedev signed the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, committing the United States and Russia to reducing their nuclear arsenals to levels less than 5% of the maximum during the height of the cold war in the 1980s. This treaty is called “New START,” as it is a follow‐on to the 1991 Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START). On 14 April 2010 the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland began an explosive eruption phase that shut down air traffic in Europe for 6 days and continued to disrupt it for another month.What do these two events have in common? Nuclear weapons, when targeted at cities and industrial areas, would start fires, producing clouds of sooty smoke. Volcanic eruptions emit ash particles and sulfur dioxide (SO2), which forms sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere. Thus, both the use of nuclear weapons and volcanic eruptions produce particles that can be transported large distances from the source and can affect weather and climate.
Bagla, Kwok Win 2010 AGU Journalism Awards
Authors: Viñas Maria‐José 
Published: December 2010

A veteran Indian reporter and a rookie science writer have won AGU's 2010 journalism awards.Pallava Bagla will receive the David Perlman Award for Excellence in Science Journalism— News for two articles he wrote about the impact of climate change on Himalayan glaciers. The first of his articles, “No sign yet of Himalayan meltdown, Indian report finds,” published in Science, explores dissent among glaciologists regarding a passage in the Fourth Assessment Report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The passage suggests that Himalayan glaciers are highly likely to disappear by 2035. His second article, “Himalayan glaciers melting deadline ‘a mistake,’” published by BBC News, discusses a possible typographical error in the disputed passage. In the article, Bagla indicates that this error appears to explain the panel's controversial acceleration of when Himalayan glaciers are expected to vanish.