bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of in utero MRI to supplement ultrasound in the foetus at high risk of developmental brain or spine abnormality
Authors: Griffiths P D , Porteous M , Mason G , Russell S , Morris J , Fanou E M , Reeves M J 
Published: July 2012

Objectives
It is widely accepted that the diagnosis of foetal central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities can be improved by performing MRI examinations in utero. Most of the published literature has concentrated on pregnancies in which a developmental abnormality has been detected (or suspected) on ultrasound in an otherwise low-risk pregnancy. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that in utero MRI of the foetal brain in high-risk pregnancies will detect abnormalities not shown by ultrasound at a rate that justifies its use in clinical practice.

Methods
100 females were recruited into the study from foeto-maternal or clinical genetic departments. They all had a foetus/child with a CNS malformation from an earlier pregnancy, which led to an increased risk of recurrence being quoted for the present pregnancy. All in utero MRI examinations were performed on 1.5 T clinical MRI systems at 18 weeks gestational age or later.

Results
In 78% of cases, the ultrasound and MRI results agreed and showed no abnormality. In 13%, ultrasound and MRI described identical abnormal findings. In 9%, the ultrasound and MRI examinations had discrepant findings; in all these cases the MRI findings described more serious CNS pathology. The effects on management were judged to be major, by at least one assessor, in 7/9 of those cases.

Conclusion
As in many other situations involving antenatal detection of CNS abnormalities, in utero MRI should be considered in females with increased risk of foetal CNS malformation based on the results of an earlier pregnancy.

Advances in knowledge
In utero MRI of the foetus has an important role in antenatal diagnosis of females carrying a foetus with an increased risk of a brain abnormality.
MRI evaluation of neoadjuvant low-dose fractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Bufi E , Belli P , Costantini M , Rinaldi P , Di Matteo M , Bonatesta A , De Santis M C , Nardone L , Terribile D , Mulé A , Bonomo L 
Published: July 2012

Objectives
We address the diagnostic performance of breast MRI and the efficacy of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (NRC) treatment (NRC protocol) vs conventional neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.

Methods
The NRC protocol consists of six anthracycline/taxane cycles and concomitant low-dose radiotherapy on breast tumour volume. Breast MRI was performed at baseline and after the last therapy cycle in 18 and 36 patients undergoing the NRC protocol or conventional NAC (propensity matching).

Results
In both groups, we observed reduced tumour dimensions after the last cycle (p&lt;0.001), and the response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST) class directly correlated with the tumour regression grade class after the last cycle (p&lt;0.001). Patients in the NRC group displayed a higher frequency of complete/partial response than those in the NAC group (p=0.034). 17 out of 18 patients in the NRC group met the criteria for avoiding mastectomy based on final MRI evaluation. The RECIST classification displayed a superior diagnostic performance in the prediction of the response to treatment [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=0.72] than time-to-intensity curves and apparent diffusion coefficient (AUC 0.63 and 0.61). The association of the three above criteria yielded a better diagnostic performance, both in the general population (AUC=0.79) and in the NRC and the NAC group separately (AUC=0.82 and AUC=0.76).

Conclusions
The pathological response is predicted by MRI performed after the last cycle, if both conventional MRI and diffusion imaging are integrated. The NRC treatment yields oncological results superior to NAC.

Advances in knowledge
MRI could be used to establish the neoadjuvant protocol in breast cancer patients.
Intravenous Acetaminophen and Overdoses in Children Epinephrine: It's Happened Again Updated High-Alert Medication List
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: July 2012

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Ivacaftor
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Demaris Kendra , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: July 2012

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The July 2012 monograph topics are on taliglucerase alfa for injection, avanafil, pertuzumab, mirabegron, and BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate). The DUE/MUE is on prostaglandin analogs, ophthalmic.
Lycopene an Adjunctive Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication: a Quasi-Control Trial
Authors: Shidfar Farzad , Agah Shahram , Ekhlasi Golnaz , Salehpour Amin , Ghourchian Shadi 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Although some herbal remedies in association with vitamin therapy have been investigated in eradicating HP, no research has been done to investigate the effects of lycopene it. Our aim was to understand if lycopene could be effective in eradication of HP. In this parallel group quasi-control trial, a total of 54 patients whose diagnosis of HP had been confirmed by rapid urease test (RUT) were enrolled. Group 1 received the standard 4-drug therapy to eradicate HP (Metronidazole 500 mg/BD, Amoxicillin 1g/BD, Omeprazole 20mg/BD, and Bismuth 240 mg/BD) and group 2 received the same regimen in association with Lycopene (30 mg/daily). One month after the initiation of the treatment, the patients were evaluated for HP eradication by RUT. Although eradication rate was higher in the second group, bivariate analysis showed no significant statistical difference between the two groups. In contrast with other nutrients, it seems that Lycopene does not have any significant effects on eradicating HP in comparison with the standard antibiotic therapy. The prevalence of HP is in association with socioeconomic situation, so the patients in different studies should be paid more attention about their own life style. We recommend that more studies can be designed by considering control group and placebo administration.
Glucosinolates: The Phytochemicals of Nutraceutical Importance
Authors: Prakash Dhan , Gupta Charu 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Glucosinolates (thioglucoside-N-hydroxysulphates) constitute a homogeneous class of naturally occurring thiosaccharidic compounds mainly found in the botanical order Brassicales. They can be hydrolyzed by myrosinase to produce D-glucose and various other degradation products like isothiocyanates (ITCs)-depending on the aglycon part. The exact function of glucosinolates (GLSs) in the plant is unclear, however their potent odour and taste suggests a role in herbivore and microbial defense. They are known for their fungicidal, bacteriocidal, nematocidal and allelopathic properties and have recently attracted intense research interest because of their cancer chemo-protective attributes. Iso-thiocyanates, one of the hydrolyzed products, show best anti-carcinogenic activity.
Efficacy of Baptisia Tinctoria in the Treatment of Typhoid: Its Possible Role in Inducing Antibody Formation
Authors: Banerji Pratip , Banerji Prasanta , Das Gobinda Chandra , Islam Aminul , Mishra Shailendra Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Susmita 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Typhoid is one of the most serious infectious bacterial diseases in third world countries. It is usually treated by traditional antibiotics but due to the appearance of antibiotic resistant strains physicians opt for phyto products and other alternative medicines for the treatment of typhoid. Baptisia, an extract from indigo plant root, has been proved to be highly effective ultradilute medicine for the treatment of typhoid; however, the mode of action of the ultradilute extract is uncertain. Due to the antigenic variations of Salmonella it seems to induce immuno system by activating both T and B cells by the formation of antibodies. This principle seems to be highly effective for the development of typhoid vaccine. The present studies found that Baptisia administration possibly caused a salmonella-like reaction in the body as this extract produces an endogenous antibody similar to salmonella reaction. Thus, this study suggests that Baptisia tinctoria extract can be used for the prevention and treatment of typhoid.
Strategic Placement of Wind Turbines in Smart Grids
Authors: Siano Pierluigi , Rigatos Gerasimos , Chen Peiyuan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This paper is to propose an optimization method that searches for the optimal installed capacity of wind turbines (WTs) in smart grids from the perspectives of both WTs developers and distribution network operator (DNO). The proposed hybrid optimization method combines the genetic algorithm and the multi-period optimal power flow analysis. The objective of the optimization is to maximize the net present value of the profits obtained by the WTs developers as well as that of the savings obtained by the DNO from network loss reduction. A 69 bus 11 kV radial distribution network is used as a case study to demonstrate the proposed algorithm, with the implementation of different active management schemes. Simulation results show that the optimal WT capacity from the perspective of DNO differs from the optimal value deemed by the WT developers. The resulting economic benefits can be used by both DNO and WT developers to justify an increase in WT installation if desired. The two contrasting schemes see either the WTs developers or DNO benefiting at the expense of the other. As such, using tradeoff analysis it may be possible to find suitable compromises.
Equilibrium Vertical Integration with Complementary Input Markets
Authors: Matsushima Noriaki , Mizuno Tomomichi 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We provide a model to investigate vertical integration decisions. This model assumes that local downstream manufacturers require two inputs to make their final products. One input is produced by a supplier shared by both manufacturers; another is produced by an exclusive supplier for each manufacturer. We show that vertical integration of each downstream firm with its exclusive supplier enhances the input demand for the common supplier, leading to an increase in the common supplier's input price due to the elimination of the double marginalization. Moreover, downstream firms that require a smaller quantity of inputs from the common supplier, for instance, those with efficient production technology or smaller downstream demand, are more likely to vertically integrate because vertical integration yields a smaller increase in input price. Thus, the cause of firm-size heterogeneity is important to consider when investigating the relationship between firm size and the tendency to vertically integrate.
Provision of Multilevel Public Goods by Positive Externalities: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Güth Werner , Sääksvuori Lauri 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The provision of public goods regularly embodies interrelated spheres of influence on multiple scales. This article examines the nature of human behavior in a multilevel social dilemma game with positive provision externalities to local and global scales. We report experimental results showing that behavior in multilevel games is strongly driven by asymmetric conditional cooperation prioritizing local level externalities. Our findings demonstrate how individuals over time adjust their behavior to local conditions. We do not find significant adjustment to global group average, suggesting that the local group creates a salient reference group for social comparisons in multilevel public goods provision. Our results emphasize the importance of strong local level commitment when designing institutions to promote sustainable provision of globally important public goods like the global climate.
Bandlimited illumination with engineered diffusers
Authors: Sales Tasso R.M. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Engineered diffusers are refractive, achromatic optical elements with the capability to not only spread and homogenize an input beam but also shape the distribution of energy as well as intensity profiles. Bandlimited illumination is of particular interest for many applications that require certain intensity profiles over specific angular range with maximum efficiency. Here, we describe the concept and design of engineered diffusers as well as the method to fabricate them, from the initial resist master to volume production. Engineered diffusers are found to provide nearly ideal bandlimited illumination without image artifacts and with acceptable manufacturing tolerances.
Nanostructured micro-optics based on a modified stack-and-draw fabrication technique
Authors: Taghizadeh Mohammad R. , Waddie Andrew J. , Buczynski Ryszard , Nowosielski Jedrzej , Filipkowski Adam , Pysz Dariusz 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We present the latest results in the fabrication of micro-optical components using a novel nanostructuring process. This low-cost fabrication technology, which exploits advances in the development of photonic crystal fibres, uses a modified stack-and-draw technique where macroscopic distributions of thermally and mechanically matched glasses are reduced in scale by repeated draw-down and restacking procedures until the individual glass features are significantly below the wavelength of incident light. We demonstrate that this fabrication technique is suitable for the creation of large diameter high numerical aperture micro-lenses for light collection and concentration purposes and broadband form birefringent materials.
Dimensional and hygroexpansive behaviors of cellulose microfibrils (MFs) from kraft pulp-based fibers as a function of relative humidity
Authors: Lee Jung Myoung , Pawlak Joel J. , Heitmann John A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Cellulose aggregate fibrils (CAFs) with dimensions of 100,000×3000×300 nm from unbleached kraft pulp (KP), oxygen delignified KP (KPox.del), and fully bleached kraft pulp (BKP) were liberated by a series of high shear and fractionation operations. The CAFs served as microfibril model material to evaluate their dimensional and hygroexpansive behaviors when submitted to variable relative humidities (RHs). The atomic force microscopy images of CAFs from different sources of kraft fibers were obtained during a RH cycle from 50% RH to 78% RH and then to 21% RH while being kept at 23°C. The resulting images were analyzed to determine dimensional changes in length, its concurrent cross-sectional area, width, and height. The mean value of changes in length and width was in the range of 2.3–3.2% and 1.9–3.3%, respectively. The changes in area and height were in the range of 14.5–18.2% and 12.4–17.3%, respectively. The length of CAFs showed a negative correlation with RH, whereas cross-sectional area, width, and height changes correlated positively with RHs. In the out-of-plane direction, such as area and height, the hygroexpansivity was one order of magnitude larger than the in-plane hygroexpansivity, i.e., in terms of length and width.
Silica content of 36 Brazilian tropical wood species
Authors: Eduardo Santana Marcos Antonio , Rodrigues Laécio Carneiro , Rauber Coradin Vera Teresinha , Arakaki Okino Esmeralda Yoshico , de Souza Mário Rabelo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Microscopic analysis of 36 Brazilian Amazon wood species revealed the presence of silica in 12 species, mostly in the ray cells and a few times in the axial parenchyma and fibers. The average amount of silica in these species varied from 0.07% to 1.6% as quantified by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Statistical analysis gave the following classification in terms of silica contents: very low (<0.07%), low (between 0.07% and 0.3%: Diplotropis purpurea and Vatairea paraensis), medium (between 0.3% and 0.4%: Chrysophyllum
lucentifolium, Couratari multiflora, Dacryodes sp., Mezilaurus itauba, Trattinnickia burserifolia, and Trattinnickia rhoifolia), high (between 0.4% and 0.7%: Astronium gracile and Couratari sp.), and very high (above 0.7%: Apuleia leiocarpa and Couratari stellata).
Variation of Anatomical and Physiological Parameters that Affect Estimates of ACL Loading During Drop Landing
Authors: Kernozek Thomas W , Ragan Robert J , Willson John D , Koehler Chelsey S , Lopez Timothy R 
Published: July 2012

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during drop landing has been recently studied with a sagittal plane knee model developed by Kernozek and Ragan using mean anatomical and physiological parameters obtained from cadaveric and clinical data. It is unknown how estimates in ACL load may be altered due to variations in anatomical and physiological parameters used from other research.

Methods:
Using the same model, these parameters were systematically varied, including: tibial slope, moment arms of the patellar tendon, hamstring, and gastrocnemius at the knee and ankle, patellar tendon and hamstring line of force, ACL stiffness, and nonlinear muscle activation parameters. To determine the sensitivity of the model to changes in these parameters, each was varied independently by ±5% and by ranges reported in the literature. Changes in maximum ACL load and shear force components of the patellar tendon, hamstring, and tibio-femoral contact force were calculated from drop landing data of 21 subjects.

Results:
The variation in ACL load during drop landing from its nominal value was largest (-100% to 176%) when extremes in reported tibial slope values were utilized. Variation in the next most important parameter, patellar tendon line of force, affected ACL load by -72% to 88%.

Conclusion:
Variations in tibial slope and patellar tendon line of force had the greatest influence on estimated ACL loading during drop landing. Differences in these parameters between subjects may be just as important to ACL loading as the kinematic and kinetic performance differences observed in landing.
Schedule UTP: Stock Price Reaction and Economic Consequences
Authors: Abernathy John L. , Davenport Stephan A. , Rapley Eric T. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:
In 2010, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) announced the requirement to disclose uncertain tax positions (UTP) on a new schedule (Schedule UTP) to be filed with federal corporate income tax returns. Schedule UTP could increase a firm's tax burden by providing a roadmap for the IRS to identify firms' tax-planning strategies. We find that stock returns around the development of Schedule UTP are negative, consistent with investors' concern that Schedule UTP would impose costs on firms. However, we document a significant positive stock price reaction to the release of the final draft of Schedule UTP in which the IRS relaxed many of the controversial provisions of Schedule UTP. Additionally, we find this positive reaction is incrementally larger for more tax-aggressive firms. Finally, we find a significant decrease in reported unrecognized tax benefits (UTBs) and additions to UTBs after the adoption of Schedule UTP in 2010.
The Effectiveness of SOX Regulation: An Interview Study of Corporate Directors
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey R. , Hayes Colleen , Krishnamoorthy Ganesh , Monroe Gary S. , Wright Arnold M. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:
This study provides insights on the effectiveness of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (U.S. House of Representatives 2002) in promoting high-quality financial reporting and good corporate governance, based on interviews conducted with 22 experienced directors from U.S. firms. Our analysis indicates that SOX has positively impacted the monitoring role of the audit committee (board), which directors attributed to the financial expertise and internal control requirements and heightened substantive diligence. However, some considered that an emphasis on financial expertise at the expense of legal expertise and financial markets expertise could compromise the quality of financial disclosures due to a lack of business savvy needed to inform accounting judgments and the standardization of reporting. SOX was also perceived as having led to a formalistic approach to accounting policy decision making by the audit committee and external auditor, as a buffer against litigation. While CEO certification was viewed as having led to heightened ownership and diligence on the part of decision agents throughout the financial reporting decision hierarchy, it was also identified as a source of the costly resource-intensive reaction to SOX. Directors also considered that SOX had led boards to take a narrow focus on financial reporting risk at the expense of strategy. Further, management was identified as being actively involved in the more overt process of initiating and administering the process. The directors' responses also demonstrate some variation in the extent and nature of the role played by the audit committee to resolve accounting disputes, reflecting varying interpretations of law. Participants indicate that SOX has also led to a substantial improvement in the scope, responsibility, and status of internal auditors.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Illustrations in Financial Accounting Textbooks: Function and Placement Interact to Affect Student Learning
Authors: Phillips Fred , Alford Sarah J. , Guina Sarah 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
Prior research has documented that text readability varies among introductory accounting textbooks, but few studies in any discipline have documented the extent to which illustrations vary, and even fewer studies have explored how these variations might impact student learning. We report results of a content analysis of introductory financial accounting textbooks that reveal diversity in how illustrations are used, in ways that depart from normative recommendations in the education literature. We then conduct an experiment to test whether two of these variations, illustration function and placement, interact to affect student learning. We find that students learn more when decorational images precede rather than follow corresponding text and when conceptual images follow rather than precede corresponding text. Implications for research and practice are discussed.