bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Postural Asymmetry and Gross Joint Mobility in Elite Female Volleyball Athletes
Authors: Vařeková Renata , Vařeka Ivan , Janura Miroslav , Svoboda Zdenek , Elfmark Milan 
Published: October 2011

Evaluation of Postural Asymmetry and Gross Joint Mobility in Elite Female Volleyball Athletes
The purpose of the study was to evaluate marked postural asymmetry and gross joint mobility in elite female volleyball athletes.
Sixty-two Czech and Slovak elite female volleyball athletes (age 20.7±2.03 years, body mass 71.1±6.18 kg, body height 1.804±.0618 m, BMI 21.8±1.78) were examined by an experienced rehabilitation physician. The set of tests included the frontal posture gross examination, the forward bending test from the standing position and the deep squat test. The spiking hand and the presence of any lower extremity injury were estimated by interview. The proportion test, Mann-Whitney test and t-test were used to evaluate statistical significance (p<0.05).
Fifty subjects (80.6%) exhibited "typical" frontal plane posture in which the acromion, scapula and the iliac crest were in a higher position on the left side than on the right, significantly more frequently than all the other patterns (proportion test, p<0.0001). Ninety-eight percent of the subjects with the "LLL pattern" preferred the right arm for spiking (proportion test, p<0.0001). Forty-one subjects (66%) exhibited hypermobility in the forward bending test, significantly more frequently than twenty-one subjects (34%) with normal results (proportion test, p=0.0003). Thirty-four subjects (55%) did not succeed in the deep squat test and hypermobility in the forward bending test paradoxically prevailed in them significantly (proportion test, p=0.004). Restriction in the deep squat test was not linked to obesity, age (t-test, p=0.081) nor knee (proportion test, p=0.85) and ankle injury (Mann-Whitney test, p=0.36) in the past. Significant prevalence of hypermobility in the forward bending test was not surprising because of general body composition and the performance of regular stretching exercises in elite female volleyball athletes. On the other hand, surprisingly, more than half of the subjects did not succeed in the deep squat test. The cause of poor results in the deep squat test could be due to the tightness of the soleus muscle suffering from chronic overloading and/or an inappropriate stretching methods. An inappropriate and/or insufficient compensatory exercise and stretching method or system could be the cause of their marked postural asymmetry as well.
A detailed examination of posture and muscle imbalance performed by an experienced physician or physiotherapist as well as individually tailored compensatory exercises and a stretching system can be strongly recommended to all elite athletes, not only to volleyball players.
Effects of Exercise and/or Diet Programs on Kinanthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Children: a Pilot Study
Authors: Saavedra José , Garcia-Hermoso Antonio , Escalante Yolanda 
Published: October 2011

Effects of Exercise and/or Diet Programs on Kinanthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Children: a Pilot Study
This study was aimed at determining the effects of implementing a medium-term (six-month) exercise and/or a diet program on the kinanthropometric and metabolic parameters of obese children. The participants were 42 subjects (27 boys, 15 girls), whose ages were between 8 and 11, divided into three groups according to the program they followed. The E group followed a physical exercise program (three 90-minute sessions per week), the D group a low calorie diet, and the E+D group both interventions. A repeated-measure ANOVA was used to compare measurements of the participants' kinanthropometric and metabolic parameters at different times of the program, with the means being compared using the Tukey post-hoc test. It was found that medium-term intervention based on the combination of exercise and low calorie diet improved the obese children's kinanthropometric and metabolic parameters, especially those related to the lipid profile. Also, this combined program was more effective in controlling weight than the exercise or low calorie diet interventions alone.
Somatic Profile of Competitive Sport Climbers
Authors: Tomaszewski Paweł , Gajewski Jan , Lewandowska Joanna 
Published: October 2011

Somatic Profile of Competitive Sport Climbers
Since rock climbing grows in popularity, the number of the respective scientific reports increases. However, those concerning anthropometric profile of elite climbers are scarce and inconsistent, thus the aim of the study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics of competitive sport climbers. Male rock climbers (n = 21) aged 17 - 29 years took part in the study; their climbing ability ranged from 6b to 8c in the French scale. Body height, body mass, arm span, length and girths of both extremities, shoulder and pelvis widths, as well as thickness of 5 skinfolds were determined. From these, body mass index (BMI), body fat content and selected anthropometric indices were calculated. Data collected for climbers were compared with those of untrained students (n = 165) of Warsaw Technical University. Although no between-group differences were found for body height, body mass, BMI or body fat content, the climbers exhibited significantly (p<0.001) lower pelvis-to-shoulder ratio, longer lower extremities (p<0.05), and greater arm length and arm span (p<0.001) compared to untrained students. The results of this study do not support the view that climbers are small in stature and of low body mass. It seems that the core of the issue is not in body size but rather in specific body proportions and this may be of great importance in selecting subjects to competitive sport climbing.
Psychometric Properties of The Greek Version of the Test of Performance Strategies-Competition Scale (TOPS-CS)
Authors: Katsikas Christos , Donti Olyvia , Psychountaki Maria 
Published: October 2011

Psychometric Properties of The Greek Version of the Test of Performance Strategies-Competition Scale (TOPS-CS)
The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Test of Performance Strategies-Competition scale (TOPS-CS; Thomas et al., 1999) in Greek athletic population. The TOPS-CS was designed to assess eight psychological strategies used by athletes in competition (activation, automaticity, emotional control, goal-setting, imagery, negative thinking, relaxation and self-talk). In order to evaluate the psychometric properties of the inventory, two different research studies were conducted in two different age groups (n1=382 athletes, aged 16 to 20 years and n2=343 athletes, aged 12 to 15 years). Furthermore, 263 athletes, (aged 16 to 20 years) completed the TOPS-CS, purposing to perform confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the first study supported the initial factorial structure of the TOPS-CS for athletes aged 16-20 years. Reliability analysis also provided adequate evidence for the internal consistency and stability of the scale for Greek athletes of this age. However, for athletes aged 12 to 15 years, the validity and reliability of the inventory were questionable and further research is required.
The Effect of Hand Dimensions, Hand Shape and Some Anthropometric Characteristics on Handgrip Strength in Male Grip Athletes and Non-Athletes
Authors: Fallahi Ali , Jadidian Ali 
Published: October 2011

The Effect of Hand Dimensions, Hand Shape and Some Anthropometric Characteristics on Handgrip Strength in Male Grip Athletes and Non-Athletes
It has been suggested that athletes with longer fingers and larger hand surfaces enjoy stronger grip power. Therefore, some researchers have examined a number of factors and anthropometric variables that explain this issue. To our knowledge, the data is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hand dimensions, hand shape and some anthropometric characteristics on handgrip strength in male grip athletes and non-athletes. 80 subjects aged between 19 and 29 participated in this study in two groups including: national and collegian grip athletes (n=40), and non-athletes (n=40). Body height and mass were measured to calculate body mass index. The shape of the dominant hand was drawn on a piece of paper with a thin marker so that finger spans, finger lengths, and perimeters of the hand could be measured. The hand shape was estimated as the ratio of the hand width to hand length. Handgrip strength was measured in the dominant and non-dominant hand using a standard dynamometer. Descriptive statistics were used for each variable and independent t test was used to analyze the differences between the two groups. The Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to evaluate the correlation between studied variables. Also, to predict important variables in handgrip strength, the linear trend was assessed using a linear regression analysis. There was a significant difference between the two groups in absolute handgrip strength (p<0.001) and handgrip/height ratio (p<0.001). The indices of body height, body mass, lean body mass and body fat content (p<0.001) were significantly greater in grip athletes. All hand variables except FS1-4 (p>0.05) were significantly different between the groups (p<0.001). After controlling body mass all hand anthropometric characteristics except thumb length (r=0.240, p=0.135), hand shape (r=-0.029, p=0.858), middle finger length (r=0.305, p=0.056) and forearm circumference (r=0.162, p=0.319) significantly correlated with handgrip strength in grip athletes, but not in non-athletes, except for forearm circumference (r=0.406, p=0.010). The results showed that handgrip strength and some of the hand dimensions may be different in athletes who have handgrip movements with an object or opponent in comparison to non-athletes. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between handgrip strength and most of the hand dimensions in grip athletes. Therefore, these can be used in talent identification in handgrip-related sports and in clinical settings as well.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy During Resistance Exercise at 80% 1RM
Authors: Vianna Jefferson , Lima Jorge , Saavedra Francisco , Reis Victor 
Published: October 2011

Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy During Resistance Exercise at 80% 1RM
The present study investigated the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) method to assess the energy cost in resistance exercises (RE). The aim of the study was to evaluate the aerobic and anaerobic energy release during resistance exercises performed at 80% 1-RM in four exercises (half squat, bench press, triceps extension and lat pull down), as well as the accuracy of its estimation. The sample comprised 14 men (age = 26.6 ± 4.9 years; height = 177.7 ± 0.1 cm; body mass = 79.0 ± 11.1 kg; and estimated fat mass = 10.5 ± 4.6%). Test and re-test of 1-RM were applied to every exercise. Low-intensity bouts at 12, 16, 20, and 24% of 1-RM were conducted. Energy cost was then extrapolated to 80% 1-RM exhaustive bout and relative energy contribution were assessed. By utilizing the AOD method, the results of the present study suggest a great proportion of anaerobic metabolism during exercise at 80% 1-RM in the four RE that were analyzed: Bench press = 77,66±6,95%; Half squat = 87,44±6,45%; Triceps extension = 63,91±9,22%; Lat pull down = 71,99±13,73 %. The results of the present study suggest that AOD during resistance exercises presents a pattern that does not match the reports in the literature for other types of exercise. The accuracy of the total energy demand estimation at 80% 1-RM was acceptable in the Bench press, in the Triceps extension and in the Lat pull down, but no in the Half squat. More studies are warranted to investigate the validity of this method in resistance exercise.
The Studies of Assumptions Accompanying the Calibration of High-Temperature Solution Calorimeter
Authors: Maciąg T. , Dębski A. , Rzyman K. 
Published: October 2011

The Studies of Assumptions Accompanying the Calibration of High-Temperature Solution Calorimeter
The main thesis of the research was the problem concerning calibration of high-temperature solution calorimeter with aluminum. The important assumptions applied at calibration of a device with aluminum were verified. Enthalpy values determined during the experiment clearly suggest that the level of deformation and diameters of aluminum samples used for calibration are negligible. The assumption that the temperature of the samples at the moment they reach the bath level is very close to room temperature, is appropriate.
Simulation of Oxygen and Nitrogen Removal from Steel by Means of Titanium and Aluminum
Authors: Iwanciw J. , Podorska D. , Wypartowicz J. 
Published: October 2011

Simulation of Oxygen and Nitrogen Removal from Steel by Means of Titanium and Aluminum
Authors' computer program was employed in the simulation of the course of steel refining by means of simultaneously used aluminium and titanium. The mass and chemical composition of liquid steel and non-metallic precipitates, were calculated at constant or variable temperature. The influence of assumed nitrides form on the results of simulation was determined. Nitrides may be considered either as separate phases or as the components of non-metallic solution. The stoichiometry of titanium oxide obtained also influences the results of simulation. Parallel analysis of steel refining was carried out with the use of FactSage program. As a result of calculations the subsequent states of equilibrium between steel and non-metallic phase were determined. It was found that aluminium and titanium nitrides may exist only as the components of oxide-nitride solution, not as separate phases.
Effect of Shot Peening and NiAl Coating on Fatigue Limit of Mg-Al-Zn-Mn Alloy
Authors: Mrva P. , Kottfer D. , Kaczmarek Ł. 
Published: October 2011

Effect of Shot Peening and NiAl Coating on Fatigue Limit of Mg-Al-Zn-Mn Alloy
The paper deals with an influence of cylic load on fatigue limit of the Mg-Al-Zn-Mn alloy without or with the NiAl coating. The fatigue limit was determined for the following three types of specimens of the Mg-Al-Zn-Mn alloy: (1) fine-turned specimens; (2) fine-turned specimens with an application of the shot peening process; (3) fine-turned and shot-peened specimens with the NiAl coating deposited by the thermal spraying technique. A standard measurement of the fatigue limit was used for the analytical determination of the Wohler curves (S-N curves). The Wohler curves for the specimens (1) and (3) were in agreement with those presented in literature. The specimens (2) exhibited a lower value of the fatigue limit compared with that of the specimens (1), although the increase of the fatigue limit of the specimens (2) was expected due to the presence of the application of the shot peening process. An analysis of reasons of the decrease of the fatigue limit of the specimens (2) is presented.
Short Time Algorithm of Power Waveforms Fundamental Harmonic Estimation With Use of Prony's Methods
Authors: Zygarlicki Jarosław , Mroczka Janusz 
Published: October 2011

Short Time Algorithm of Power Waveforms Fundamental Harmonic Estimation With Use of Prony's Methods
This paper presents an example of practical use of Prony's method for monitoring of power waveform fundamental harmonic fluctuations, which is required for the analysis of window synchronizations in frequency analyses in power monitoring systems. The example presented offers verification of the authors' theoretical considerations published earlier in articles about Prony's method and its opportunities for practical use for real life signals. The investigations shown are based on the least squares Prony's method, which, in connection with digital filtrations, enables estimations of fundamental frequency at the rate of even tens of times per one fundamental harmonic period.
Measurement, Modeling and Evaluation of Surface Parameter Using Capacitive-Sensor-Based Measurement System
Authors: Murugarajan A. , Samuel G. 
Published: October 2011

Measurement, Modeling and Evaluation of Surface Parameter Using Capacitive-Sensor-Based Measurement System
Surface roughness parameter prediction and evaluation are important factors in determining the satisfactory performance of machined surfaces in many fields. The recent trend towards the measurement and evaluation of surface roughness has led to renewed interest in the use of newly developed non-contact sensors. In the present work, an attempt has been made to measure the surface roughness parameter of different machined surfaces using a high sensitivity capacitive sensor. A capacitive response model is proposed to predict theoretical average capacitive surface roughness and compare it with the capacitive sensor measurement results. The measurements were carried out for 18 specimens using the proposed capacitive-sensor-based non-contact measurement setup. The results show that surface roughness values measured using a sensor well agree with the model output. For ground and milled surfaces, the correlation coefficients obtained are high, while for the surfaces generated by shaping, the correlation coefficient is low. It is observed that the sensor can effectively assess the fine and moderate rough-machined surfaces compared to rough surfaces generated by a shaping process. Furthermore, a linear regression model is proposed to predict the surface roughness from the measured average capacitive roughness. It can be further used in on-machine measurement, on-line monitoring and control of surface roughness in the machine tool environment.
Fire risk in Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) plantations under various temperature and wind conditions
Authors: Cseresnyés Imre , Szécsy Orsolya , Csontos Péter 
Published: October 2011

Fire risk in Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) plantations under various temperature and wind conditions
The Austrian pine (Pinus nigra), an introduced conifer in Hungary, forms a highly flammable vegetation type. The fire risk of such stands was examined using McArthur's empirical forest fire danger model. Our study focused on the effects of temperature and wind speed on fire behaviour. By keeping the input parameters of the model constant while changing temperature andwind speed within a specified interval the resulting fire danger index (FDI) and fire behaviour were examined. The applied fixed parameters were: 30 °C temperature, 30% relative humidity, 30 km h-1 wind speed, 30 degree of slope and drought factor value 10. The annual trends of the Byram-Keetch drought index (BKDI) and the drought factor were also calculated. Our results show that increasing temperature and wind speed raises the FDI, flame height, rate of fire spread (ROS) and spotting distance. The amount of fuel does not influence the FDI, but increasing the amount promotes the ROS and raises the flame height. Wind speed was the most important factor in the ROS. A serious fire risk of these plantations was determined. The reliability of McArthur's model was proved by comparison of our results with experimental laboratory data based on literature.
Checklist of Pyrenean alpine-stage macrofungi
Authors: Corriol G. 
Published: October 2011

Checklist of Pyrenean alpine-stage macrofungi
Macrofungi from the alpine stage of the Pyrenees are poorly known. In this paper we first describe the alpine habitats of this mountain chain, then provide an overview with bibliography for all known taxa, with information on distribution and habitat. In addition to the 214 taxa of macrofungi previously known from the Pyrenees, 83 new taxa are reported from the French side of the Pyrenees. The total number of taxa reported for the alpine stage of the Pyrenees is now 297, of which 19 are Ascomycetideae, 260 Agaricomycetideae, 11 Gasteromycetideae and 7 Aphyllophoromycetideae. The genera richest in species are: Inocybe (53 taxa), Entoloma (41 taxa), Cortinarius (36 taxa), Hygrocybe ss. lato (20 taxa) and Melanoleuca (12 taxa). Of the 297 taxa reported, 103 are true arctic-alpine fungi.
Checklist and Ecology of the Agaricales, Russulales and Boletales in the alpine zone of the Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Montana, Wyoming) at 3000-4000 m a.s.l.
Authors: Cripps C. , Horak E. 
Published: October 2011

Checklist and Ecology of the Agaricales, Russulales and Boletales in the alpine zone of the Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Montana, Wyoming) at 3000-4000 m a.s.l.
Previously, the Rocky Mountain alpine zone was a mycological blank spot. There have only been a few scattered records of macrofungi from this region and limited number of publications. This alpine survey covers the Beartooth Plateau in Montana/Wyoming for the North-central Floristic Region (lat 45°N) and the Front Range, San Juan Mountains, Sawatch Range for the Southern Floristic Region in Colorado (lat 36°-38°N), and reports over 165 species in 46 genera and 11 families (ca 1 500 collections). It is estimated that over 75% are known arctic-alpine macromycetes and the remainder are Rocky Mountain species. Of these, we estimate that 2-5% are new to science, 75% are new records for this Rocky Mountain alpine zone, and that over half will be new to Colorado or Montana/Wyoming. Approximately 56% are mycorrhizal species associated with Salix reticulata, S. arctica, S. planifolia, S. glauca, Betula nana = B. glandulosa, Dryas octopetala and Polygonum viviparum. Mycorrhizal species that occur with Betula are rare in the Rockies due to a paucity of this host. The most diverse mycorrhizal family is the Cortinariaceae with over 74 species, primarily of Inocybe and Cortinarius. Saprobic genera associate with a diversity of bryophytes or are terrestrial primarily in grassland; macrofungi on woody debris are rare. A greater diversity occurs in southern mountain ranges which are more diverse in geology and habitat. The southern extent of the Rockies at latitudes of 36-38°N likely includes the southernmost extent of certain Arctic-alpine fungi such as Arrhenia auriscalpium for the Northern hemisphere. Macrofungal fruitings are sparse compared to those in maritime arctic-alpine habitats due to a well-defined continental climate with drying winds, low relative humidity, periodic droughts, fire, strong diurnal temperature fluctuations and high elevations of 3 000-4 000 m. This report helps complete distributions of arctic-alpine fungi, and discusses the ecology of individual taxonomic groups in relation to other Arctic-alpine areas.
Cortinarius alpinus as an example for morphological and phylogenetic species concepts in ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Peintner U. 
Published: October 2011

Cortinarius alpinus as an example for morphological and phylogenetic species concepts in ectomycorrhizal fungi
Extensive morphological and molecular analyses of closely related species from alpine, subalpine and montane habitats should enable a comparison of ecological, morphological and phylogenetic species concepts in ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. One fundamental question of this study was whether alpine species really exist, and which criteria, besides the specific habitat, could reliably be used for the de-limitation of such taxa. For this reason, 56 rDNA ITS sequences were generated or downloaded from GenBank for 10 closely related species of Cortinarius subgenus Myxacium, section Myxacium. Several collections were sequenced for each of the following taxa: Cortinarius absarokensis, C. alpinus, C. favrei, C. fennoscandicus, C. grallipes, C. mucosus, C. muscigenus, C. septentrionalis, C. trivialis and C. vernicosus. Moreover, spore statistics were carried out for 38 collections of alpine and subalpine taxa. These data provide clear evidence for C. favrei being a synonym of C. alpinus. C. absarokensis and C. alpinus can clearly be delimited based on pileus diameter and average dry weight per basidiome, even in overlapping habitats, but spore size and shape is not a good distinguishing character. Phylograms have very short branches, and base differences between ITS sequences are generally very low in this group, and give no resolution for the included taxa of this section. Based on these results, species concepts of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms are discussed in detail.