bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of neurofilament light chain to identify structural brain diseases in dogs
Authors: Sung Jookyung , Chae Yeon , Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Lee Dohee , Kim Hakhyun , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kang Byeong‐Teck 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeurofilament light chain (NfL) is released into the peripheral circulation by damaged axons.ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic value of serum NfL concentration in dogs with intracranial diseases.AnimalsStudy included 37 healthy dogs, 31 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), 45 dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE), 20 dogs with hydrocephalus, and 19 dogs with brain tumors.MethodsCohort study. Serum NfL concentrations were measured in all dogs using single‐molecule array technology.ResultsSerum NfL concentration in dogs with each structural disease was significantly higher than in healthy dogs and dogs with IE (P = .01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of NfL for differentiating between dogs with structural diseases and IE was 0.868. An optimal cutoff value of the NfL 27.10 pg/mL had a sensitivity of 86.67% and a specificity of 74.19% to differentiate the dogs with IE from those with structural brain diseases. There were significant correlations between NfL concentrations and lesion size: (1) MUE, P = .01, r = 0.429; (2) hydrocephalus, P = .01, r = 0.563.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSerum NfL could be a useful biomarker for distinguishing IE from structural diseases in dogs and predicting the lesion sizes of MUE and hydrocephalus.
Rules, organizations, and the institutional origins of the great productivity revolution
Authors: Wallis John Joseph 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman productivity began increasing in the mid‐19th century in a group of societies whose institutional structures simultaneously transformed. This paper develops a general way of thinking about institutional structures and identifies how specific institutional changes that occurred in the mid‐19th century could have caused an increase in productivity across many of the organizations in a society. External rules enforced by one organization but used by other organizations, are central to the argument, as is the emergence of impersonal rules that apply equally to all citizens. The productivity revolution of the late 19th century occurred in an era when a few societies adopted impersonal rules on a broad scale for the first time in human history.
Sequencing methods, functional characterization, prevalence, and penetrance of rare coding mutations in panels of monogenic obesity genes from the leptin‐melanocortin pathway: A systematic review
Authors: Dosda Sonia , Renard Emeline , Meyre David 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe recent development of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has led to an increase of mutation screening reports of monogenic obesity genes in diverse experimental designs. However, no study to date has summarized their findings. Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases from inception to September 2022 to identify monogenic non‐syndromic obesity gene screening studies. Of 1051 identified references, 31 were eligible after title and abstract screening and 28 after full‐text reading and risk of bias and quality assessment. Most studies (82%) used NGS methods. The number of genes screened varied from 2 to 12 genes from the leptin‐melanocortin pathway. While all the included studies used in silico tools to assess the functional status of mutations, only 2 performed in vitro tests. The prevalence of carriers of pathogenic/likely pathogenic monogenic mutations is 13.24% on average (heterozygous: 12.31%; homozygous/heterozygous composite: 0.93%). As no study reported the penetrance of pathogenic mutations on obesity, we estimated that homozygous carriers exhibited a complete penetrance (100%) and heterozygous carriers a variable penetrance (3–100%). The review provides an exhaustive description of sequencing methods, functional characterization, prevalence, and penetrance of rare coding mutations in monogenic non‐syndromic obesity genes.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty in Patients with Modic Change
Authors: Deng Yifei , Sheng Xiaqing , Wang Beiyu , Hong Ying , Rong Xing , Ding Chen , Liu Hao 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveModic change (MC) is defined as abnormalities observed in the intervertebral disc subchondral and adjacent vertebral endplate subchondral bone changes. Most studies on MC were reported in the lumbar spine and associated with lower back pain. However, MC has been rarely reported in the cervical spine, let alone in those who underwent cervical disc replacement (CDR). This study aimed to focus on MC in the cervical spine and reveal clinical and radiological parameters, especially heterotopic ossification (HO), for patients who underwent CDR. Furthermore, we illustrated the association between MC and HO.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent CDA from January 2008 to December 2019. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Radiological evaluations were used to conclude the cervical alignment (CL) and range of motion (ROM) of C2‐7, functional spinal unit angle (FSUA), shell angle (SA), FSU height, and HO. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify the risk factors for HO. The Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) method was used to analyze potential risk factors, and multivariate Cox regression was used to identify independent risk factors.ResultsA total of 139 patients were evaluated, with a mean follow‐up time of 46.53 ± 26.60 months. Forty‐nine patients were assigned to the MC group and 90 to the non‐MC group. The incidence of MC was 35.3%, with type 2 being the most common. Clinical outcomes (JOA, NDI, VAS) showed no significant difference between the two groups. The differences in C2‐7 ROM between the two groups were not significant, while the differences in SA ROM and FSUA ROM were significantly higher in the non‐MC than in the MC group (p < 0.05). Besides, FSU height in MC group was significantly lower than that in non‐MC group. Parameters concerning CL, including C2‐7, FSUA, SA, were not significantly different between the two groups. The incidence of HO and high‐grade HO, respectively, in the MC group was 83.7% and 30.6%, while that in the non‐MC group was 53.3% and 2.2%, and such differences were significant (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses and Cox regression showed that MC and involved level were significantly associated with HO occurrence (p < 0.05). No implant migration and secondary surgery were observed.ConclusionMC mainly affected the incidence of HO. Preoperative MC was significantly associated with HO formation after CDR and should be identified as a potential risk factor for HO. Rigorous criteria for MC should be taken into consideration when selecting appropriate candidates for CDR.
Tea green leafhopper infestations affect tea plant growth by altering the synthesis of brassinolide
Authors: Gu Dachuan , Wu Shuhua , Wang Yuxin , Yang Yuhua , Chen Jiaming , Mao Kaiquan , Liao Yinyin , Li Jianlong , Zeng Lanting , Yang Ziyin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTea green leafhoppers are insects widely distributed in major tea‐growing areas. At present, less attention has been paid to the study on effect of tea green leafhopper infestation on tea growth phenotype. In this study, tea green leafhoppers were used to treat tea branches in laboratory and co‐treated with brassinolide (BL), the highest bioactivity of brassinosteroids (BRs), in tea garden. The results showed that the expression of genes related to BRs synthesis was inhibited and BL content was reduced in tea shoots after infestation by tea green leafhoppers. In addition, area of each leaf position, length and diameter of internodes, and the biomass of the tender shoots of tea plant were decreased after infestation by tea green leafhoppers. The number of trichomes, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and cuticle thickness of tea shoots were increased after tea green leafhoppers infestation. BL spraying could partially recover the phenotypic changes of tea branches caused by tea green leafhoppers infestation. Further studies showed that tea green leafhoppers infestation may regulate the expression of CsDWF4 (a key gene for BL synthesis) through transcription factors CsFP1 and CsTCP1a, which finally affect the BL content. Moreover, BL was applied to inhibit the tea green leafhoppers infestation on tea shoots. In conclusion, our study revealed the effect of plant hormone BL‐mediated tea green leafhoppers infestation on the growth phenotype of tea plants.
Essential principles for blood centrifugation
Authors: Quirynen Marc , Siawasch Sayed Ahmad Manoetjer , Yu Jize , Miron Richard J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrently, autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are frequently used for soft‐ and hard‐tissue regeneration, not only within the oral cavity, but also extra‐orally including chronic wounds, burns, joints, dermatological conditions, among others. The benefits of APCs are largely influenced by the treatment strategy but also their preparation. This paper therefore discusses in detail: the physical properties of blood cells, the basic principles of blood centrifugation, the impact of the centrifugation protocol (rotations/revolutions per minute, g‐force, variation between centrifuges), the importance of timing during the preparation of APCs, the impact of the inner surface of the blood tubes, the use/nonuse of anticoagulants within APC tubes, the impact of the patient's hematocrit, age, and gender, as well as the important requirements for an optimal centrifugation protocol. All these variables indeed have a significant impact on the clinical outcome of APCs.
High variability in self‐pay pricing for vasectomy and vasectomy reversal in the United States
Authors: Brant Aaron , Lewicki Patrick , Zhu Alec , Rhodes Stephen , Arenas‐Gallo Camilo , Shoag Jonathan E. , Schlegel Peter N. , Halpern Joshua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractContextIn the United States (US) men who undergo vasectomy and/or vasectomy reversal (vasovasotomy) are likely to pay out‐of‐pocket for these procedures. We characterized the publicly disclosed pricing of both procedures with a focus on variability in self‐pay prices.MethodsWe queried all US hospitals for publicly disclosed prices of vasectomy and vasovasotomy. We assessed interhospital variability in self‐pay pricing and compared hospitals charging high (≥75th percentile) and low (≤25th percentile) self‐pay prices for either procedure. We also examined trends in pricing after the 2022 US Supreme Court decision that allowed individual states to ban abortion.ResultsOf 6692 hospitals, 1375 (20.5%) and 281 (4.2%) disclosed self‐pay prices for vasectomy and vasovasotomy, respectively. There was a 17‐fold difference between the 10th and 90th percentile self‐pay prices for vasectomy ($421–$7147) and a 39‐fold difference for vasovasotomy ($446–$17,249). Compared with hospitals charging low (≤25th percentile) self‐pay prices for vasectomy or vasovasotomy, hospitals charging high (≥75th percentile) prices were larger (median 150 vs. 59 beds, p < 0.001) and more likely to be for‐profit (31.2% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001), academic‐affiliated (52.7% vs. 23.1%, p < 0.001), and located in an urban zip code (70.1% vs. 41.3%, p < 0.001). From October 2022 to April 2023, the median self‐pay price of vasectomy increased by 10% (from $1667 to $1832) while the median self‐pay price of vasovasotomy decreased by 16% (from $3309 to $2786).ConclusionWe found large variability in self‐pay pricing for vasectomy and vasectomy reversal, which may serve as a barrier to the accessibility of male reproductive care.
The risk paradox: Exploring asymmetric nexus between climate policy uncertainty and renewable energy technology budgets
Authors: Zhou Ming , Wang Junkai , Ullah Muhammad Imdad , Ali Sajid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ups and downs of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) cast a captivating shadow over the budgets allocated to renewable energy (RE) technologies, where strategic choices and risk assessment will determine the course of our green environmental revolution. The main intention of this investigation is to scrutinize the effect of CPU on the RE technology budgets (RETBs) in the top 10 countries with the highest RE research and development budgets (the USA, China, South Korea, India, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Australia, and Italy). Although former researchers have typically employed panel data tools to contemplate the connection between CPU and RE technology, they repeatedly ignored variations in this connection throughout different economies. In contrast, our research adopts a unique approach, “quantile‐on‐quantile,” to check this association at the country‐to‐country level. This approach offers a comprehensive worldwide perspective while procuring tailor‐made perceptions for individual economies. The outcomes suggest that CPU significantly decreases RETBs across several data quantiles in our sample nations. In addition, the outcomes underscore that the connections between our variables differ among nations. These outcomes highlight the significance of policymakers implementing thorough appraisals and skillfully governing plans relevant to CPU and RETBs.
Migration and controls of Shenhu submarine canyons in the upper continental slope of northern South China Sea: Insights from three‐dimensional seismic data mapping
Authors: Huang Ke , Zhong Guangfa , He Min , Zhu Weilin , Wu Zhe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSubmarine canyons, prominent features on continental margins, hold significant scientific and engineering implications. Despite extensive research on various types of submarine canyons, current understanding of those canyons developed on the upper continental slope, recognized as the most common type globally, remains limited. The Shenhu Canyons on the upper continental slope of the northern South China Sea, comprising over 19 subparallel features persistently developed from the Late Miocene to Quaternary, offer an excellent opportunity for in‐depth study. Previous assumptions suggested a unidirectional eastward migration of these canyons parallel to the host margin, primarily based on observations from two‐dimensional transverse seismic profiles. However, this study's analysis using three‐dimensional seismic data mapping reveals that not all canyons have migrated eastward; 28% display an opposite or a zigzag patterned migration, challenging previous assumptions. The eastward migration of the Shenhu Canyons on the eastern slope of the palaeo‐Pearl River shelf‐edge delta can be linked to the south‐east–southward progradation of the host margin and the palaeo‐shelf‐edge delta. However, the overall eastward migration pattern is complicated by submarine landslides and turbidity current processes. Landslides can influence the direction and magnitude of canyon migration through four mechanisms: turbidity current diversion; retrogressive development of canyon‐wall landslides; retrogressive landslides on surrounding open slopes; and emplacement of landslides in canyon thalwegs. These mechanisms may result in widening, bifurcation, confluence or obstruction of canyons, contributing to canyon migration. Erosion by turbidity currents can trigger canyon‐wall failures, which in turn promote the lateral migration of the canyons. If overspilled turbidity currents lead to the growth of levées in the lower reaches, canyon confinement increases, suppressing lateral migration. The inherited high‐gradient Palaeogene syn‐rift tectonic slope, combined with the depositional delta‐front slope of the palaeo‐shelf‐edge delta, creates favourable conditions for the initiation and persistent development of the straight Shenhu Canyons. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics and factors influencing the migration of upper continental slope submarine canyons.
Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness as mediators of the relation between anxiety and suicidal ideation among adolescents
Authors: Seibel Lauren , Harris Katherine M. , López Roberto , Wolff Jennifer , Spirito Anthony , Esposito‐Smythers Christianne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAnxiety and suicidal ideation have been shown to be positively related in adolescents. However, less is known about the strength of this association across different types of anxiety or the mechanisms through which this relation exists. Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide suggests that thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB) lead to suicidal ideation; these constructs may explain a pathway through which anxiety and suicidal ideation are related. It was hypothesized that TB would mediate the relation between social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms and suicidal ideation, and PB would mediate the relation between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms and suicidal ideation.MethodsThese longitudinal mediation models were assessed using data collected from 147 depressed adolescents, who were recently hospitalized for suicidal ideation or behavior, enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).ResultsConsistent with study hypotheses, PB mediated the relation between GAD symptoms and suicidal ideation severity. However, TB did not mediate the relation between SAD symptoms and suicidal ideation severity.ConclusionThese results suggest that screening for and addressing PB among youth with GAD may help reduce risk for suicidal behavior.
Growth of products of subsets in finite simple groups
Authors: Dona Daniele , Maróti Attila , Pyber László 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove that the product of a subset and a normal subset inside any finite simple non‐abelian group grows rapidly. More precisely, if and are two subsets with normal and neither of them is too large inside , then where can be taken arbitrarily small. This is a somewhat surprising strengthening of a theorem of Liebeck, Schul, and Shalev.
Torus knot filtered embedded contact homology of the tight contact 3‐sphere
Authors: Nelson Jo , Weiler Morgan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKnot filtered embedded contact homology was first introduced by Hutchings in 2015; it has been computed for the standard transverse unknot in irrational ellipsoids by Hutchings and for the Hopf link in lens spaces via a quotient by Weiler. While toric constructions can be used to understand the ECH chain complexes of many contact forms adapted to open books with binding the unknot and Hopf link, they do not readily adapt to general torus knots and links. In this paper, we generalize the definition and invariance of knot filtered embedded contact homology to allow for degenerate knots with rational rotation numbers. We then develop new methods for understanding the embedded contact homology chain complex of positive torus knotted fibrations of the standard tight contact 3‐sphere in terms of their presentation as open books and as Seifert fiber spaces. We provide Morse–Bott methods, using a doubly filtered complex and the energy filtered perturbed Seiberg–Witten Floer theory developed by Hutchings and Taubes, and use them to compute the knot filtered embedded contact homology, for odd and positive.
Homeostasis and evolution in relation to regeneration and repair
Authors: Cano‐Martínez Agustina , Rubio‐Ruiz María Esther , Guarner‐Lans Verónica 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHomeostasis constitutes a key concept in physiology and refers to self‐regulating processes that maintain internal stability when adjusting to changing external conditions. It diminishes internal entropy constituting a driving force behind evolution. Natural selection might act on homeostatic regulatory mechanisms and control mechanisms including homeodynamics, allostasis, hormesis and homeorhesis, where different stable stationary states are reached. Regeneration is under homeostatic control through hormesis. Damage to tissues initiates a response to restore the impaired equilibrium caused by mild stress using cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell death to recover structure and function. Repair is a homeorhetic change leading to a new stable stationary state with decreased functionality and fibrotic scarring without reconstruction of the 3‐D pattern. Mechanisms determining entrance of the tissue or organ to regeneration or repair include the balance between innate and adaptive immune cells in relation to cell plasticity and stromal stem cell responses, and redox balance. The regenerative and reparative capacities vary in different species, distinct tissues and organs, and at different stages of development including ageing. Many cell signals and pathways play crucial roles determining regeneration or repair by regulating protein synthesis, cellular growth, inflammation, proliferation, autophagy, lysosomal function, metabolism and metalloproteinase cell signalling. Attempts to favour the entrance of damaged tissues to regeneration in those with low proliferative rates have been made; however, there are evolutionary constraint mechanisms leading to poor proliferation of stem cells in unfavourable environments or tumour development. More research is required to better understand the regulatory processes of these mechanisms.
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Some Results on the Properties of Discrete-Time LTI State-Space Systems
Authors: Kadam Sujay D. , Palanthandalam-Madapusi Harish J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work brings forward several interesting facts about system properties of linear time-invariant discrete-time systems like output controllability, state controllability and state observability, trackability, and input and state observability. Particularly, the work brings about the inter-relationships between these properties while taking a state-space formulation-based approach to come up with simple facts that are backed up by proofs using preliminary linear algebra.