bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct characteristics of seasonal (Bet v 1) vs. perennial (Der p 1/Der p 2) allergen‐specific CD4+ T cell responses
Authors: Wambre E. , Bonvalet M. , Bodo V. B. , Maillère B. , Leclert G. , Moussu H. , Von Hofe E. , Louise A. , Balazuc A.‐M. , Ebo D. , Hoarau C. , Garcia G. , Van Overtvelt L. , Moingeon P. 
Published: November 2010

Cite this as: E. Wambre, M. Bonvalet,V. B. Bodo, B. Maille`re, G. Leclert,H. Moussu, E. Von Hofe, A. Louise,A.‐M. Balazuc, D. Ebo, C. Hoarau,G. Garcia, L. Van Overtvelt and P. Moingeon, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 192–203.SummaryBackground
A better understanding of allergen‐specific CD4+ T cell responses is needed to help improving immunological therapies.Objective
To compare CD4+ T cell responses against seasonal (Bet v 1) and perennial (Der p 1, Der p 2) allergens.Methods
Major histocompatibility complex class II peptide tetramers were engineered to monitor allergen‐specific T cell responses. After in vitro expansion, tetramer+ cells were tested for surface markers using cytofluorometry. Cytokine gene expression and production were assessed using quantitative PCR and cytokine surface capture assays, respectively.Results
Tetramer+ cells were detected in 19 patients allergic to house dust mites (HDM), seven allergic to birch pollen, 13 allergic to both and nine non‐allergics with either an HLA‐DRB1*0101, *0301, *1501 or an HLA‐DPB1*0401 background. High‐avidity T cells are elicited against the immunodominant Bet v 1141−155 epitope, whereas broader low‐avidity T cell responses are induced against Der p 116−30,110−124,171−185 and Der p 226−40,107−121 epitopes. Responses against Bet v 1 involve effector (CDL62 low, CCR7 low) or central (CD62L+, CCR7+) memory cells in allergic and non‐allergic individuals, respectively, whereas central memory cells are mostly detected against mite allergens. In non‐allergics, both mite and Bet v 1‐specific T cells produce IFN‐γ and IL‐10. In contrast to Bet v 1‐driven Th2 responses, mite allergens induce highly polymorphic responses in allergics, including Th1, Th2/Th17 or mixed Th1/Th2 profiles. Mite‐specific T cell frequencies in the blood remain in the range of 1–6 × 10−4 CD4+ T cells throughout the year.Conclusion
Different memory CD4+ T cell responses are elicited in the context of chronic vs. seasonal stimulation with the allergen(s). The heterogeneity in the patterns of CD4+ T cell responses observed in patients allergic to HDMs should be taken into account for specific immunotherapy.
Changes in Peripheral Blood Level of Regulatory T cells in Patients with Malignant Melanoma During Treatment with Dendritic Cell Vaccination and Low‐dose IL‐2
Authors: Bjoern J. , Brimnes M. K. , Andersen M. H. , thor Straten P. , Svane I. M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study, changes in peripheral blood regulatory T cell (Treg) levels were evaluated in 46 progressive patients with melanoma treated with a dendritic cell‐based vaccine and concomitant low‐dose IFN‐α and IL‐2. The regulatory subset of CD4 T cells, characterized by CD25high, was prospectively analysed in fresh blood, and treatment‐associated quantitative and qualitative changes were analysed. By the 4th vaccine, patients showed a marked increase in CD4+CD25high T cell subset from 6% to 22% (P < 0.001). At the 6th vaccine, a general decline was observed and a significantly (P = 0.01) lower level of CD4+CD25high Treg cells was reached in the group of patients who attained disease stabilization (9.5%) compared to patients with continued progressive disease (14.5%). However, when FoxP3 was employed for retrospective analysis of Tregs on frozen blood, this difference did not reach significance (P = 0.09). The vast majority of the Treg produced IL‐10 and, to a varying extent, TGF‐β. In addition, sorted CD4+CD25highCD127− Tregs were able to suppress proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a dose‐dependent manner, thus suggesting a regulatory functionality. These findings emphasize the need for strategies to effectively eliminate Treg cells to optimize the clinical effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
Interleukin‐15 Induces Interleukin‐17 Production by Synovial T Cell Lines from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Halvorsen E. H. , Strønen E. , Hammer H. B. , Goll G. L. , Sollid L. M. , Molberg Ø. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIL‐17‐producing T cells (Th17 cells) are believed to contribute to local inflammation and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Limited data exist on Th17 cells located within the inflamed synovial tissue (ST) of patients with RA. Here, we aimed to generate polyclonal T cell lines (TCLs) from the RA ST and assess their cytokine production, including the effects of exogenous IL‐15 on IL‐17 production in vitro. For five patients with RA, polyclonal TCLs were established from ST obtained by joint surgery. Synovial TCLs were expanded and stimulated by anti‐CD3/CD28 microbeads and exogenous cytokines. Cytokine production was assessed by culture supernatant analyses and intracellular flow cytometry, and TCLs were sorted based on their surface expression of CCR6. In addition to IL‐17, we detected IL‐6, IL‐10, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α in the synovial TCL culture supernatants. Exogenous IL‐15 increased the production of IL‐17 as well as the other cytokines except IFN‐γ. For IL‐17, this effect was more pronounced after prolonged culture times. Intracellular flow cytometry confirmed the presence of IL‐17+ and IL‐17+IFN‐γ+ CD4+ T cells in the TCLs. IL‐17+ and IL‐17+IFN‐γ+ T cells were enriched in the CD4+CCR6+ population. In conclusion, Th17 cells can be detected after polyclonal expansion and stimulation of RA synovial TCLs generated by joint surgery. The Th17 cells from the RA ST were enriched in the CD4+CCR6+ population, and they were sensitive to exogenous IL‐15. Th17 cells present within the synovial compartment may contribute to the RA pathogenesis and local joint damage.
Modulation of sugar metabolism by an INDETERMINATE DOMAIN transcription factor contributes to photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis
Authors: Seo Pil Joon , Ryu Jaeyong , Kang Seok Ki , Park Chung‐Mo 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThere has been a long‐standing interest in the role played by sugars in flowering. Of particular interest is how sugar‐related signals are integrated into flowering genetic pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the INDETERMINATE DOMAIN transcription factor AtIDD8 regulates photoperiodic flowering by modulating sugar transport and metabolism. We found that whereas AtIDD8‐deficient idd8 mutants exhibit delayed flowering under long days, AtIDD8‐overexpressing plants (35S:IDD8) show early flowering. In addition, the sucrose synthase genes SUS1 and SUS4 were upregulated in 35S:IDD8 plants but downregulated in idd8 mutants, in which endogenous sugar levels were altered. AtIDD8 activates the SUS4 gene by binding directly to its promoter, resulting in promoted flowering in SUS4‐overexpressing plants. SUS4 expression also responds to photoperiodic signals. Notably, the AtIDD8 gene is suppressed by sugar deprivation. Therefore, we conclude that AtIDD8 regulation of sugar transport and metabolism is linked to photoperiodic flowering.
House dust and storage mite contamination of dry dog food stored in open bags and sealed boxes in 10 domestic households
Authors: Gill Christina , McEwan Neil , McGarry John , Nuttall Tim 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDry pet food is a potential source of exposure to house dust and storage mite allergens in canine atopic dermatitis. This study evaluated contamination of house dust and dry dog food stored in paper bags, sealable plastic bags and sealable plastic boxes in 10 households for 90 days using Acarex® tests for guanine, a Der p 1 ELISA and mite flotation. Acarex® tests were negative in all the food samples but positive in all the house dust samples. The Der p 1 levels and mite numbers significantly increased in food from paper bags (P = 0.0073 and P = 0.02, respectively), but not plastic bags or boxes. Mite numbers and Der p 1 levels were 10–1000 times higher in house dust than the corresponding food samples (P < 0.0001). There were significant correlations between Der p 1 in house dust and food from the paper (P < 0.0001) and plastic bags (P = 0.003), and mite numbers in house dust and food from the paper bags (P = 0.0007). Bedding and carpets were significantly associated with Der p 1 levels in house dust (P = 0.015 and P = 0.01, respectively), and food from the paper (both P = 0.02) and plastic bags (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). Mites were identified in six of 10 paper bag, three of 10 plastic bag, one of 10 plastic box and nine of 10 house dust samples. These comprised Dermatophagoides (54%), Tyrophagus (10%; all from food) and unidentified mites (36%). Storage of food in sealable plastic boxes largely prevented contamination for 3 months. Exposure to mites and mite proteins in all the stored food, however, appeared to be trivial compared with house dust.
Cells dispersed from Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus SP17 biofilm exhibit a specific protein profile associated with a higher ability to reinitiate biofilm development at the hexadecane–water interface
Authors: Vaysse Pierre‐Joseph , Sivadon Pierre , Goulas Philippe , Grimaud Régis 
Published: November 2010

SummaryBiofilm formation by marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria is commonly observed and has been recognized as an important mechanism for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. In order to colonize new oil‐water interfaces, surface‐attached communities of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria must release cells into the environment. Here we explored the physiology of cells freshly dispersed from a biofilm of Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus developing at the hexadecane–water interface, by combining proteomic and physiological approaches. The comparison of the dispersed cells' proteome with those of biofilm, logarithmic‐ and stationary‐phase planktonic cells indicated that dispersed cells had lost most of the biofilm phenotype and expressed a specific proteome. Two proteins involved in cell envelope maturation, DsbA and CtpA, were exclusively detected in dispersed cells, suggesting a reshaping of the cell envelopes during biofilm dispersal. Furthermore, dispersed cells exhibited a higher affinity for hexadecane and initiated more rapidly biofilm formation on hexadecane than the reference planktonic cells. Interestingly, storage wax esters were rapidly degraded in dispersed cells, suggesting that their observed physiological properties may rely on reserve mobilization. Thus, by promoting oil surface colonization, cells emigrating from the biofilm could contribute to the success of marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in polluted environments.
Children's Schooling and Parental Migration: Empirical Evidence on the ‘Left‐behind’ Generation in Albania
Authors: Giannelli Gianna Claudia , Mangiavacchi Lucia 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article investigates the long‐term effects of parental migration abroad on the schooling of children left behind in Albania. Although parents' migration usually benefits children economically, the lack of parental care may cause relational and psychological problems that may affect children's welfare in the long term. The phenomenon of children left behind — mainly by fathers — is considerable in Albania, where migration has represented the only viable way to cope with an increasing poverty and the scarcity of public resources for sustaining households' incomes. Between 1990 and 2005 in Albania 22 per cent of children under 18 have been left behind, with an average parental absence of 9 months. Using detailed information on family migration drawn from the Living Standard Measurement Survey for 2005, multiple‐choice models are applied to evaluate the school progression of older children and adolescents. A duration analysis of school participation with both discrete and continuous time models is then performed. The results show that past parental migration has a negative effect on school attendance in the long term with higher hazards of school dropouts for children left behind. These results are robust to the use of different econometric techniques and model specifications.
Iron handling in hippocampal neurons: activity‐dependent iron entry and mitochondria‐mediated neurotoxicity
Authors: Pelizzoni Ilaria , Macco Romina , Morini Marco Francesco , Zacchetti Daniele , Grohovaz Fabio , Codazzi Franca 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe characterization of iron handling in neurons is still lacking, with contradictory and incomplete results. In particular, the relevance of non‐transferrin‐bound iron (NTBI), under physiologic conditions, during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders, is undetermined. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying NTBI entry into primary hippocampal neurons and evaluates the consequence of iron elevation on neuronal viability. Fluorescence‐based single cell analysis revealed that an increase in extracellular free Fe2+ (the main component of NTBI pool) is sufficient to promote Fe2+ entry and that activation of either N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) or voltage operated calcium channels (VOCCs) significantly potentiates this pathway, independently of changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The enhancement of Fe2+ influx was accompanied by a corresponding elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and higher susceptibility of neurons to death. Interestingly, iron vulnerability increased in aged cultures. Scavenging of mitochondrial ROS was the most powerful protective treatment against iron overload, being able to preserve the mitochondrial membrane potential and to safeguard the morphologic integrity of these organelles. Overall, we demonstrate for the first time that Fe2+ and Ca2+ compete for common routes (i.e. NMDARs and different types of VOCCs) to enter primary neurons. These iron entry pathways are not controlled by the intracellular iron level and can be harmful for neurons during aging and in conditions of elevated NTBI levels. Finally, our data draw the attention to mitochondria as a potential target for the treatment of the neurodegenerative processes induced by iron dysmetabolism.
Stereo‐selective inhibition of transient receptor potential TRPC5 cation channels by neuroactive steroids
Authors: Majeed Y , Amer MS , Agarwal AK , McKeown L , Porter KE , O'Regan DJ , Naylor J , Fishwick CWG , Muraki K , Beech DJ 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) channels are widely expressed, including in the CNS, where they potentiate fear responses. They also contribute to other non‐selective cation channels that are stimulated by G‐protein‐coupled receptor agonists and lipid and redox factors. Steroids are known to modulate fear and anxiety states, and we therefore investigated whether TRPC5 exhibited sensitivity to steroids.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human TRPC5 channels were conditionally expressed in HEK293 cells and studied using intracellular Ca2+ measurement, whole‐cell voltage‐clamp and excised patch techniques. For comparison, control experiments were performed with cells lacking TRPC5 channels or expressing another TRP channel, TRPM2. Native TRPC channel activity was recorded from vascular smooth muscle cells.KEY RESULTS Extracellular application of pregnenolone sulphate, pregnanolone sulphate, pregnanolone, progesterone or dihydrotestosterone inhibited TRPC5 activity within 1–2 min. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate or 17β‐oestradiol had weak inhibitory effects. Pregnenolone, and allopregnanolone, a progesterone metabolite and stereo‐isomer of pregnanolone, all had no effects. Progesterone was the most potent of the steroids, especially against TRPC5 channel activity evoked by sphingosine‐1‐phosphate. In outside‐out patch recordings, bath‐applied progesterone and dihydrotestosterone had strong and reversible effects, suggesting relatively direct mechanisms of action. Progesterone inhibited native TRPC5‐containing channel activity, evoked by oxidized phospholipid.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that TRPC5 channels are susceptible to relatively direct and rapid stereo‐selective steroid modulation, leading to channel inhibition. The study adds to growing appreciation of TRP channels as non‐genomic steroid sensors.
Sustainable transport: A case study of Rhine navigation
Authors: Pauli Gernot 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the debate about the future of the world's economies and in particular its transport systems, the concept of “sustainability” plays a prominent role. In this context, inland navigation is often cited as the most environmentally friendly and sustainable mode of transport, with fewer harmful emissions and less consumption of resources than road or rail transport. Using navigation in the Rhine basin as an example, this article sets out to: prove that inland navigation is becoming more sustainable; explain how that has happened; and identify the most important factors determining the sustainability of inland navigation. The article concludes that a new approach to the development of transport policy is needed and that this approach has to ensure important factors determining sustainability are integrated within a single policy.
Making climate instruments work for sustainable transport in developing countries
Authors: Bakker Stefan , Huizenga Cornie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn order to meet long‐term climate change mitigation objectives, emissions cuts are required in all regions across the globe and in all sectors, including transport. In financing this effort, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) are until now the only international climate policy instruments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that provide incentives for emissions reductions in developing countries. More recently, the Clean Technology Fund (CTF) was established. In this paper, we show that the impact of these financing instruments on transport has been very limited, due to methodological difficulties, a data‐intensive monitoring process and the limited funding available. We argue that the transport sector is not likely to play a significant role in the continuation of a carbon credit offsetting scheme, unless these methodological requirements are simplified and significantly more funding is available.In the post‐2012 climate regime, there may be substantial international funding available in addition to existing credit schemes and international funds, which could be channeled through nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs). This can provide new and better opportunities for sustainable transport in developing countries. We propose a framework for NAMAs, including types of policies and measures, measurement, reporting and verification of the actions, and an institutional and financial structure. We conclude that climate funding needs to be aligned closely with domestic and multilateral development finance flows in order to make a difference for sustainable transport.
Employment protection legislation and job stability: A European cross‐country analysis
Authors: CAZES Sandrine , TONIN Mirco 
Published: November 2010

Abstract.Based on Eurostat data on wage employment for the period 1999–2006, this article investigates the dynamics of job tenure across the European Union. The authors’ analysis shows no generalized decline in job tenure, but a trend towards shorter tenure among young workers (aged 15–24 years) in many European countries. Their regression results indicate that this trend is associated with the weakening of employment protection provided by law and by trade unions. Given young workers’ weak individual bargaining power, the trend towards individualization of the employment relationship may thus affect them disproportionately.
Female executives and the glass ceiling in Spain
Authors: Castaño Cecilia , Martín Juan , Vázquez Susana , Martínez José Luís 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the findings of a survey of the personal, educational and professional profiles of a sample of male and female senior executives of companies operating in Spain. The women were found to be younger; they had fewer children, resorted to more domestic help, and earned less than the men, although they often had higher qualifications. Yet cultural patterns and institutional barriers still prevent them from making full use of their capabilities. In spite of recent legislative efforts to promote gender equity at work, more than nine out of ten senior executives are still men.
Thailand's work and health transition
Authors: Kelly Matthew , Strazdins Lyndall , Ellora Tarie D , Khamman Suwanee , Seubsman Sam‐ang , Sleigh Adrian C. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract.Thailand has experienced a rapid economic transition from agriculture to manufacturing and services, and to more formal employment. Its labour market regulation and worker representation, however, are much weaker than they are in developed countries, which underwent these transitions more slowly and sequentially, decades earlier. The authors examine the strengthening of Thailand's policy and legislation on occupational safety and health in response to international standards, a new democratic Constitution, fear of foreign trade embargoes, and fatal workplace disasters. In concluding, they identify key challenges remaining for policy‐makers, including enforcement of legislation and measurement of new mental and physical health effects.
Nursing assessment during oxygen administration in ventilated preterm infants
Authors: Solberg Marianne T , Hansen Thor WR , Bjørk Ida Torunn 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  To document nurses’ opinions about their assessments of oxygen requirements in ventilated preterm infants receiving oxygen supplementation.Methods:  Survey design with descriptive statistics. The sample consisted of 111 nurses employed in clinical positions in neonatal intensive care units within Norway’s five regional hospitals. The questionnaire included questions about physiological and clinical observations used when assessing oxygen administration in ventilated preterm infants.Results:  A major finding was the gap between the criteria laid down in professional and research literature, vs the criteria nurses perceived they were using when they assessed the oxygen requirements of preterm infants. The respondents stated that they used oxygen saturation to assess the infants’ oxygen requirements when adjusting oxygen supplementation. Only 17% of the nurses used the oxygen‐haemoglobin dissociation curve in their assessments. Those who responded that they used the curve did not use it correctly.Conclusion:  Assessment of O2 requirement is based on insufficient information and calls for evaluation of local, national as well as international education. Close collaboration between doctors and nurses is essential in planning care for individual patients.