bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Strawberry vein banding virus on Strawberry in Italy
Authors: Ratti C. , Pisi A. , Rubies Autonell C. , Babini A. , Vicchi V. 
Published: May 2009

In the summers of 2007 and 2008, diseased strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) were observed in production fields in Ferrara and Forlì-Cesena districts (Emilia-Romagna Region) in northern Italy. Plants exhibited poor growth, leaf chlorosis, decline, and reduced fruit production. Older leaves sometimes displayed a premature purplish discoloration, while the younger leaves appeared chlorotic and were reduced in size with a marked yellow edge. Symptom severity was dependent on the cultivar and growing conditions. Sixty-one leaf samples were collected from diseased plants from production fields and cultivar collections. Each sample was tested by grafting on Fragaria vesca (clone ‘UC4 and UC5’) and F. virginiana (clone ‘UC10’ and ‘UC11’). Forty-five days after indexing different symptoms, characteristic of viral diseases, appeared on indicator plants. In particular, 24 samples showed Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV)-like symptoms with chlorotic streaks along and on both sides of the main leaf veins of UC5, UC10, and UC11 indicator plants. Molecular methods were also used to better investigate the causal agent. Nucleic acids were extracted from young leaves of field and indicator plants by the cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide method (1). PCR analyses were performed with primer pair SVBVdeta/SVBVdetb as previously described to specifically amplify a product of 423 bp (2). SVBV was detected on all symptomatic indicator plants and corresponding field samples as well as on the positive control sample (supplied by J. D. Postman, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR and I. E. Tzanetakis, Oregon State University, Corvallis). No amplicons were detected from nucleic acids extracted from symptomless strawberry plants. PCR products, amplified from four Italian SVBV isolates, were cloned and sequenced and represent part of ORF IV of the SVBV genome that codes for the coat protein (CP). Italian SVBV isolates were more similar to the U.S. isolates than to the Chinese isolates (Genbank Accession Nos. AY862389, AY955374, X97304, AY605662, AY605663, and AY605664), showing 93 and 86% nt sequence identity, respectively. Strawberry vein banding disease has been reported previously in Italy in 1986 (3), but to our knowledge, this is the first finding of SVBV on strawberry field plants in Italy. SVBV was listed as a quarantine pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (OEPP/EPPO) in 1978, but its spread has been increasing within European countries. Further studies should be done to ensure that strawberry propagating material is free of known viruses including SVBV. References: (1) N. Boonham et al. J. Virol. Methods 101:37, 48, 2000. (2) J. R. Thompson et al. J. Virol. Methods 111:85, 93, 2003. (3) A. Pisi. EPPO Bull. 16:353, 358, 1986.
Arabidopsis ASA1Is Important for Jasmonate-Mediated Regulation of Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport during Lateral Root Formation
Authors: Sun Jiaqiang , Xu Yingxiu , Ye Songqing , Jiang Hongling , Chen Qian , Liu Fang , Zhou Wenkun , Chen Rong , Li Xugang , Tietz Olaf , Wu Xiaoyan , Cohen Jerry D. , Palme Klaus , Li Chuanyou 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPlant roots show an impressive degree of plasticity in adapting their branching patterns to ever-changing growth conditions. An important mechanism underlying this adaptation ability is the interaction between hormonal and developmental signals. Here, we analyze the interaction of jasmonate with auxin to regulate lateral root (LR) formation through characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, jasmonate-induced defective lateral root1 (jdl1/asa1-1). We demonstrate that, whereas exogenous jasmonate promotes LR formation in wild-type plants, it represses LR formation in jdl1/asa1-1. JDL1 encodes the auxin biosynthetic gene ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE α1 (ASA1), which is required for jasmonate-induced auxin biosynthesis. Jasmonate elevates local auxin accumulation in the basal meristem of wild-type roots but reduces local auxin accumulation in the basal meristem of mutant roots, suggesting that, in addition to activating ASA1-dependent auxin biosynthesis, jasmonate also affects auxin transport. Indeed, jasmonate modifies the expression of auxin transport genes in an ASA1-dependent manner. We further provide evidence showing that the action mechanism of jasmonate to regulate LR formation through ASA1 differs from that of ethylene. Our results highlight the importance of ASA1 in jasmonate-induced auxin biosynthesis and reveal a role for jasmonate in the attenuation of auxin transport in the root and the fine-tuning of local auxin distribution in the root basal meristem.
Resveratrol and quercetin cooperate to induce senescence‐like growth arrest in C6 rat glioma cells
Authors: Zamin Lauren L. , Filippi‐Chiela Eduardo C. , Dillenburg‐Pilla Patricia , Horn Fabiana , Salbego Christianne , Lenz Guido 
Published: May 2009

Glioma is the most frequent and malignant primary human brain tumor with dismal prognosis despite multimodal therapy. Resveratrol and quercetin, two structurally related and naturally occurring polyphenols, are proposed to have anticancer effects. We report here that resveratrol and quercetin decreased the cell number in four glioma cell lines but not in rat astrocytes. Low doses of resveratrol (10 µM) or quercetin (25 µM) separately had no effect on apoptosis induction, but had a strong effect on caspase 3/7 activation when administered together. Western blot analyses showed that resveratrol (10 µM) and quercetin (25 µM) caused a reduction in phosphorylation of Akt, but this reduction was not sufficient by itself to mediate the effects of these polyphenols. Most important, resveratrol and quercetin chronically administered presented a strong synergism in inducing senescence‐like growth arrest. These results suggest that the combination of polyphenols can potentialize their antitumoral activity, thereby reducing the therapeutic concentration needed for glioma treatment. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1655–1662)
Low expression of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor, a potential molecular target for interferon‐alpha susceptibility, is associated with metastasis in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Shimazui Toru , Kojima Takahiro , Yoshikawa Kazuhiro , Ami Yoshihiro , Oikawa Takehiro , Uchida Kazuhiko , Akaza Hideyuki 
Published: May 2009

We previously reported that microarray expression profiling identified several candidate genes in association with interferon‐α (IFN‐α) response in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 529). Among them, we focused on microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), because its expression profile correlated well with IFN‐α‐response status. In addition, we investigated the clinical significance of the expression level of MITF using surgical specimens. RNA was extracted from 14 RCC cell lines and 65 RCC samples and was used in this study. Transfection of MITF cDNA into IFN‐α‐resistant RCC cell lines resulted in elevation of MITF expression and acquisition of IFN‐α‐sensitivity by quantitative PCR and WST‐8 assay, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that low MITF mRNA expression in RCC samples was significantly correlated with the presence of metastasis and poor survival of the patient. However, the correlation between MITF expression and IFN‐α response was not obvious in the clinical cases. MITF gene transfection elevated IFN‐α‐sensitivity in RCC cell lines, suggesting that this gene is a target molecule for modulation of the IFN‐α response. Quantification of MITF mRNA expression might be clinically useful to predict metastasis and survival of patients with RCC. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1714–1718)
Response of secondary production by macroinvertebrates to large wood addition in three Michigan streams
Authors: ENTREKIN SALLY A. , TANK JENNIFER L. , ROSI‐MARSHALL EMMA J. , HOELLEIN TIMOTHY J. , LAMBERTI GARY A. 
Published: May 2009

Summary1. We measured responses in macroinvertebrate secondary production after large wood additions to three forested headwater streams in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. These streams had fine‐grained sediments and low retention capacity due to low amounts of in‐channel wood from a legacy of past logging. We predicted that wood addition would increase macroinvertebrate secondary production by increasing exposed coarse substrate and retention of organic matter.2. Large wood (25 logs) was added haphazardly to a 100‐m reach in each stream, and a 100‐m upstream reach served as control; each reach was sampled monthly, 1 year before and 2 years after wood addition (i.e. BACI design). Macroinvertebrate secondary production was measured 1 year after wood addition in two habitat types: inorganic sediments of the main channel and debris accumulations of leaf litter and small wood.3. Overall macroinvertebrate production did not change significantly because each stream responded differently to wood addition. Production increased by 22% in the main‐channel of one stream, and showed insignificant changes in the other two streams compared to values before wood addition. Changes in main‐channel macroinvertebrate production were related to small changes in substrate composition, which probably affected habitat and periphyton abundance. Macroinvertebrate production was much greater in debris accumulations than in the main‐channel, indicating the potential for increased retention of leaf litter to increase overall macroinvertebrate production, especially in autumn.4. Surrounding land use, substrate composition, temperature and method of log placement are variables that interact to influence the response of stream biota to wood additions. In most studies, wood additions occur in altered catchments, are rarely monitored, and secondary production is not a common metric. Our results suggest that the time required for measurable changes in geomorphology, organic matter retention, or invertebrate production is likely to take years to achieve, so monitoring should span more than 5 years, and ecosystem metrics, such as macroinvertebrate secondary production, should be incorporated into restoration monitoring programs.
Factors controlling community structure in heterogeneous metacommunities
Authors: Davies Kendi F. , Holyoak Marcel , Preston Kim A. , Offeman Valerie A. , Lum Quenby 
Published: May 2009

Summary 1. Modern theories of species coexistence recognize the importance of environmental heterogeneity. 2. Despite the existence of many observational studies, few experimental studies have evaluated the extent to which, and mechanisms by which, fixed spatial heterogeneity increases community diversity and alters community structure. 3  In experimental protist communities, we found that non‐spatial mechanisms unrelated to heterogeneity were responsible for a large component of baseline diversity. Above this baseline, fixed spatial heterogeneity produced small but predictable increases in metacommunity diversity through species sorting, while heterogeneity and dispersal together altered local community structure (composition and relative abundance) through mass effects. 4. Our study illustrates that heterogeneity is not always the strongest driver of diversity, while experimentally demonstrating mechanisms by which heterogeneity alters community structure.
Evolutionary history, biogeography and eco‐climatological differentiation of the genus Anthemis L. (Compositae, Anthemideae) in the circum‐Mediterranean area
Authors: Lo Presti Rosa Maria , Oberprieler Christoph 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim  To reconstruct the temporal, geographical and eco‐climatological differentiation of the genus Anthemis (Compositae, Anthemideae) in the circum‐Mediterranean region, in order to evaluate the relative importance of geographical vs. climatological differentiation processes in influencing the actual distribution patterns in this plant group.Location  The circum‐Mediterranean region, including the Iberian Peninsula, northern Africa, the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, the Aegean region and Anatolia, the Caucasus, the Arabian Peninsula and western Asia.Methods  The phylogeny of the genus Anthemis was obtained from a maximum likelihood analysis based on nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data, and the chronology of diversification was derived using a penalized likelihood approach. The reconstruction of the spatial diversification of the genus was based on a dispersal/vicariance (DIVA) analysis. Eco‐climatological niche differentiation was inferred by optimizing 19 bioclimatic variables onto the phylogeny. A multi‐dimensional hypervolume, proposed as a representation of the eco‐climatological niche and defined by the combination of ranges for all bioclimatic variables, was calculated for each taxon and each internal node. To identify ‘eco‐climatological vicariance’ events in the phylogeny, the pairwise overlap among hypervolumes of sister groups was calculated. Finally, the temporal and clade‐wise relative importance of geographical vs. eco‐climatological vicariance events was estimated.Results  The temporal reconstruction shows a constant increase of lineages through the last 12 Myr. The geographical reconstruction suggests that Anthemis diverged from the rest of the Compositae–Anthemideae in the eastern Mediterranean region, and from there radiated into the whole circum‐Mediterranean region through successive dispersal and vicariance events. The reconstruction of the eco‐climatological niches suggests a progressive adaptation from a montane‐humid climate towards arid environments and the typical mediterranean climate.Main conclusions  The results presented here involved phylogenetic, geographical and eco‐climatological reconstructions; joint analyses of all of these aspects have assessed the relative importance of geological vs. climatic forces that have affected the distributional history of the genus Anthemis. Large‐scale differentiation patterns triggered by geological forces appear to have influenced the evolutionary history of the genus in a rather constant manner over the last 12 Myr, whereas climatic forces seem to have played an important role in two phases of the radiation process: at around 9 Ma, when the area experienced the onset of a trend towards aridification, and during the last 3.5 Myr, with the establishment of the typical mediterranean climate and the influence of Pleistocene climate oscillations.
Strong population structure characterizes weediness gene evolution in the invasive grass species Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: BAKKER ERICA G. , MONTGOMERY BROOKE , NGUYEN TRACY , EIDE KATHLEEN , CHANG JEFF , MOCKLER TODD C. , LISTON AARON , SEABLOOM ERIC W. , BORER ELIZABETH T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMediterranean annual grasses have invaded California and have replaced vast areas of native grassland. One of these invasive grasses is Brachypodium distachyon, a new model species for the grasses with extensive genomic resources and a nearly completed genome sequence. This study shows that the level of genetic variation in invaded California grasslands is lower compared to the native range in Eurasia. The invaded regions are characterized by highly differentiated populations of B. distachyon isolated by distance, most likely as a result of founder effects and a dearth of outcrossing events. EXP6 and EXP10 encoding α‐expansins responsible for rapid growth, and AGL11 and AGL13 encoding proteins involved in vegetative phase regulation, appear to be under purifying selection with no evidence for local adaptation. Our data show that B. distachyon has diverged only recently from related Brachypodium species and that tetraploidization might have been as recent as a few thousand years ago. Observed low genetic variation in EXP10 and AGL13 appears to have been present in Eurasia before tetraploidization, potentially as a result of strong selective pressures on advantageous mutations, which are most likely responsible for its fast growth and rapid completion of its life cycle.
FpvA bound to non‐cognate pyoverdines: molecular basis of siderophore recognition by an iron transporter
Authors: Greenwald Jason , Nader Mirella , Celia Hervé , Gruffaz Christelle , Geoffroy Valérie , Meyer Jean‐Marie , Schalk Isabelle J. , Pattus Franc 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe first step in the specific uptake of iron via siderophores in Gram‐negative bacteria is the recognition and binding of a ferric siderophore by its cognate receptor. We investigated the molecular basis of this event through structural and biochemical approaches. FpvA, the pyoverdine–Fe transporter from Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 (PAO1 strain), is able to transport ferric–pyoverdines originating from other species, whereas most fluorescent pseudomonads are only able to use the one they produce among the more than 100 known different pyoverdines. We solved the structure of FpvA bound to non‐cognate pyoverdines of high‐ or low‐affinity and found a close correlation between receptor–ligand structure and the measured affinities. The structure of the first amino acid residues of the pyoverdine chain distinguished the high‐ and low‐affinity binders while the C‐terminal portion of the pyoverdines, often cyclic, does not appear to contribute extensively to the interaction between the siderophore and its transporter. The specificity of the ferric–pyoverdine binding site of FpvA is conferred by the structural elements common to all ferric–pyoverdines, i.e. the chromophore, iron, and its chelating groups.
High intrathecal bupivacaine for severe pain in the head and neck
Authors: LUNDBORG C. , DAHM P. , NITESCU P. , BIBER B. 
Published: May 2009

Background: Severe pain in the head and neck is associated with a lowered quality of life and conventional pain therapy often does not provide adequate relief. The aims of this study were to investigate the efficacy, pain relief, benefits and adverse effects of intracisternal or high cervical (IHC) administration of bupivacaine in patients with severe pain in the head, neck and face regions.Methods: Between 1990 and 2005, 40 patients (age 27–84 years) were treated with continuous IHC infusions of bupivacaine for various non‐cancer (n=15) or cancer‐related (n=25) refractory pain conditions (duration 1 month–18 years) in the head, neck, mouth and shoulder regions.Results: Visual analogue scale scores and opioid requirements decreased markedly after the start of the treatment and remained lowered throughout the study. No tachyphylaxis for bupivacaine was observed. Major side effects were few and most often transient. Most patients showed unchanged or improved mobility. There was no mortality, neurological damage or other severe events attributable to procedures in the study protocol.Conclusion: For patients with severe and refractory pain in areas innervated by cranial and upper cervical nerves, cervical high spinal analgesia can provide safe and effective analgesia.
Expression of morphological and flowering time variation through allopolyploidization: an empirical study with 27 wheat synthetics and their parental Aegilops tauschii accessions
Authors: Takumi S. , Naka Y. , Morihiro H. , Matsuoka Y. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt was recently shown that allopolyploidy brings novel epistatic interactions to genes belonging to different genomes. However, systematic studies of the phenotypic relationships between synthetic hexaploid wheats and their parental lines have not been conducted. In this study, 27 synthetic hexaploid wheats were produced by crossing the tetraploid wheat cultivar ‘Langdon’ with 27 accessions of Aegilops tauschii. Variations in 20 morphological and flowering traits were analysed in both the synthetic wheat lines and the parental Ae. tauschii accessions. The 20 traits exhibited large variations in the wheat lines. For many of the traits, the degree of variation in the parental accessions was reduced in the hexaploid derivatives. Principal component analysis of floret‐related traits divided the Ae. tauschii accessions into two subspecies, ssp. tauschii and ssp. strangulata, but this parental pattern of subspecific division was not detectable in the hexaploids. Our results suggest that the ‘Langdon’ genome may have an alleviating effect on the expression of D‐genome‐derived variations in derived synthetics.
Airway inflammation and anti‐protease defences rapidly improve during treatment of an acute exacerbation of COPD
Authors: PANT Sushil , WALTERS Eugene H. , GRIFFITHS Anne , WOOD‐BAKER Richard , JOHNS David P. , REID David W. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  There are few data on the short‐term natural history of airway inflammation during severe episodes of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). An observational study was performed to determine how rapidly conventional treatment improves airway inflammation in patients admitted to hospital with AECOPD.Methods:  Twenty‐four consecutive patients with AECOPD were recruited and changes in sputum inflammatory indices were assessed after 2 and 4 days of treatment. The primary end‐points included presence of bacteria and viruses, changes in sputum total cell counts (TCC) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) differential counts, and levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), IL‐8 and TNF‐α.Results:  All patients received oral corticosteroids and 17 (71%) were also treated with oral antibiotics. A bacterial or viral pathogen was isolated from 12 patients (50%), and Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from one. A positive bacterial culture was associated with increased sputum TCC and PMN count (P < 0.05), as well as higher levels of IL‐8 and TNF‐α (P < 0.05), and a trend towards lower sputum SLPI levels (P = 0.06). Sputum PMN numbers fell by 70% within the first 48 h of admission (P < 0.05), accompanied by an increase in sputum SLPI (P < 0.001) and reductions in the levels of TNF‐α (P < 0.005) and IL‐8 (P = 0.06), with no further significant change at 4 days.Conclusions:  Conventional treatment for severe AECOPD is associated with rapid reduction of neutrophilic inflammation and improvement in anti‐protease defences.
Validation of a postoperative prognostic model consisting of tumor microvascular invasion, size, and grade to predict disease‐free and cancer‐specific survival of patients with surgically resected renal cell carcinoma
Authors: May Matthias , Brookman‐Amissah Sabine , Kendel Friederike , Knoll Nina , Roigas Jan , Hoschke Bernd , Miller Kurt , Gilfrich Christian , Pflanz Sandra , Gralla Oliver 
Published: May 2009

Objectives:  To determine the value of microvascular invasion, tumor size, and Fuhrman grade to predict the survival of patients with surgically resected renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods:  A total of 771 consecutive patients (T1–4, Nx, M0) were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient with RCC, the prognostic Sao Paulo score (SPS) was calculated using the following variables: tumor size (>7 cm vs ≤7 cm), nuclear grading, and microvascular invasion. On the basis of SPS, patients were subdivided into low‐risk (LR), intermediate‐risk (IR), and high‐risk (HR) groups. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Median follow‐up was 80 months.Results:  Median follow‐up was 80 months. DFS rates after 5 years were 91.2%, 61.3%, and 51.9% in the original SPS LR, IR, and HR groups, respectively. CSS rates after 5 years were 94.3%, 79.8%, and 58.7%, respectively (P < 0.001). Each original SPS constituent revealed a significant influence on DFS and CSS in the multivariate analysis. By modification of the cut‐off value of the maximum tumor size from 7 to 5 cm the predictive value of the SPS sum score was marginally enhanced. Using a cut‐off value of 5 cm also resulted in a relatively better discrimination between the IR and the HR group regarding DFS and CSS.Conclusions:  Stratifying RCC patients by SPS into LR, IR, and HR groups provides a clinically useful tool for outcome analysis and risk assessment. However, the prognostic value of the SPS could be enhanced by including a maximum tumor size with a cut‐off at 5 cm into the sum score.