bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Influence of Different Diphenol Compounds on Soil Microbial Activity by Microcalorimetry
Authors: Chen Huilun , Yao Jun , Wang Fei , Gyula Zaray 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMicrocalorimetry was applied to follow the toxic effects caused by different diphenol compounds on microbial activity of Chinese fir soil. The activity of the microorganisms in soil was stimulated by adding 0.3 mL of a nutrient solution containing 2.5 mg of glucose and 2.5 mg of ammonium sulfate and the measurements were performed under a 35% controlled humidity at 28°C. Power‐time curves recorded on a microcalorimeter were followed by increasing the amount of diphenol compounds, which affected directly the total thermal effects evolved by the microorganisms. The curves showed a synergism on total thermal effect obtained by the addition of 2000 mg·kg−1 of resorcinol, causing a consumption of resorcinol by the microorganisms as a new source of nutrients. Above this dose, the total thermal effect decreased exponentially. However, the addition of catechol and hydroquinone caused the total thermal effects to decrease directly. It was concluded that the increase in the diphenol concentration strongly affected the microbial life in this ecosystem. Microcalorimetry appears as a suitable technique to carry out both qualitative and quantitative comparative studies of microbial activity in soil.
Estimation of Critical Temperature of Thermal Explosion for Nitrosubstituted Azetidines Using Non‐isothermal DSC
Authors: Hu Rongzu , Zhao Fengqi , Gao Hongxu , Zhang Jiaoqiang , Zhang Hai , Zhang Haixia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBased on reasonable hypothesis, two general expressions and their six derived formulae for estimating the critical temperature (Tb) of thermal explosion for energetic materials (EM) were derived from the Semenov's thermal explosion theory and eight non‐isothermal kinetic equations. We can easily obtain the values of the initial temperature (T0i) at which DSC curve deviates from the baseline of the non‐isothermal DSC curve of EM, the onset temperature (Tei), the exothermic decomposition reaction kinetic parameters and the values of T00 and Te0 from the equation T0i or ei=T00 or e0+a1βi+a2βi2+···+aL−2βiL−2, i=1, 2, ;···, L and then calculate the values of Tb by the six derived formulae. The Tb values for seven nitrosubstituted azetidines, 3,3‐dinitroazetidinium nitrate (1), 3,3‐dinitroazetidinium picrate (2), 3,3‐dinitroazetidinium‐3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐onate (3), 1,3‐bis(3′,3′‐dinitroazetidine group)‐2,2‐dinitropropane (4), 1‐(2′,2′,2′‐trinitroethyl)‐3,3‐dinitroazetidine (5), 3,3‐dinitroazetidinium perchlorate (6) and 1‐(3′,3′‐dinitroazetidineyl)‐2,2‐dinitropropane (7), obtained with the six derived formulae are agreeable to each other, whose differences are within 1.5%. The results indicate that the heat‐resistance stability of the seven nitrosubstituted azetidines decreases in the order 6>7>5>4>3>2>1.
Comparison of Immobilization Modes in pH‐Sensitive Phase Separation Immunoassay
Authors: Lin Peng , Guo Songlin , Wang Yilei , Wang Weigang , Chen Jinming , Jia Xiwei , Wang Guodong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThree immobilization modes of antigen to the polymers in the pH‐sensitive phase separation immunoassay were investigated and compared. The results showed that the immobilization mode in the presence of N‐ethyl‐N′‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) rendered the most desirable results. The immobilization efficiencies and immunological reaction activities of immobilized antigen of this mode were improved over the other two modes. The novel immobilization mode by EDCI was used in the pH‐sensitive phase separation immunoassay for rabbit IgG (Ag). In the competitive immunoassay, immobilized Ag and the standard Ag (or sample) competed for binding to a horseradish peroxidase labeled antibody at 37°C in a homogeneous format. After changing the pH to separate the polymer‐immune complex, the complex precipitate was re‐dissolved and determined by coupling with the color reaction of hydrogen peroxide and o‐phenylenediamine. The linear range of this determination was between 100–1400 ng/mL. Compared to the traditional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using the same reactants, the proposed method was quiet fast (the time decreased from 100−120 to 30 min) and showed similar sensitivity, i.e., 6.0 ng/mL.
Reactivity‐based One‐pot Synthesis of Immunosuppressive Glycolipids from the Caribbean Sponge Plakortis simplex
Authors: Lü Guokai , Wang Peng , Liu Qingchao , Zhang Zaihong , Zhang Wei , Li Yingxia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe first synthesis of three natural glycolipid simplexides 1a–1c, which were isolated from the marine sponge Plakortis simplex and claimed to inhibit T cell proliferation, has been concisely accomplished by a reactivity‐based one‐pot synthetic strategy under the use of p‐toluenethioglycoside (STol) donors.
Biomimetic Nucleation and Morphology Control of CaCO3 in PAAm Hydrogels Synthesized from Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Templates
Authors: Du Zhuwei , Lu Cuixiang , Li Haoran , Li Dingjie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHydrogels have been thought to be the material which can provide appealing replacements of biological organisms. Pores of hydrogels synthesized from lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) templates were smaller in size and more uniform than those of traditional hydrogels. LLC poly‐acrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels were used as the growth media of CaCO3. After copolymerized with acrylic acid and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), LLC hydrogels were modified with COOH and SO3H, respectively. The effect of functional groups on the biomimetic mineralization of CaCO3 was studied. Most of crystals from traditional hydrogels are rhombohedral and could not form aggregates. Only a few could aggregate and have a particular morphology with irregular orientation of subcrystal. Compared with crystals separated from traditional hydrogels, crystals growing in the LLC hydrogels were much more regulated and could form aggregates with particular morphology and regular orientation, that is, face (104) of rhombohedral subcrystals parallel to the surface of the macrocrystals. Modification of COOH and SO3H groups made CaCO3 subcrystal align more tightly. COOH had minor influences on the crystal orientation and small modification to the aggregate morphology. SO3H groups could change the crystal orientation and morphology effectively. The aggregates are pseudo‐spherical and the face perpendicularity to the face (104) parallels to the surface of the aggregates.
Preparation of P4VP‐g‐PSt Copolymer Microspheres with Controllable Size by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Synthesized Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) Macromonomer
Authors: Hu Na , Ni Zhongbin , Chu Hong , Liu Xiaoya , Chen Mingqing 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPoly(4‐vinylpyridine) macromonomer (St‐P4VP) with a styryl end group was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 4‐vinylpyridine using p‐(chloromethyl)styrene (CMSt) as functional initiator, CuCl as catalyst and tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN) as ligand in 2‐propanol. The structure of St‐P4VP macromonomer was identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The result of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) illustrated that the number‐average molecular weight of St‐P4VP could be controlled by adjusting polymerization conditions. Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) grafted polystyrene microspheres (P4VP‐g‐PSt) were then prepared by dispersion copolymerization of styrene with St‐P4VP macromonomers. The effects of polymerization reaction parameters such as medium polarity, concentration of St‐P4VP macromonomer and polymerization temperature on the sizes and size distribution of P4VP‐g‐PSt microspheres were investigated. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser light scattering (LLS) indicated that mono‐dispersed P4VP‐g‐PSt microspheres with average diameters of 100–200 nm could be obtained when the molar ratio of St to St‐P4VP was 0.25:100 in ethanol/water mixed solvents (V/V=80:20) at 60°C. Such kind of graft copolymer microspheres was expected to be applied to many fields such as drug delivery system and protein adsorption/separation system due to their particular structure.
Novel Soluble Polyimide Containing 4‐tert‐Butyltoluene Moiety: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Wang Chenyi , Li Guang , Jiang Jianming 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBased on the synthesis of a rigid aromatic diamine, α,α‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)‐4‐(t‐butyl)toluene (1), a novel polyimide (PI) 3 was prepared from this diamine monomer and 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic dianhydride via a one‐step high‐temperature polycondensation. FT‐IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis were used to investigate the chemical structures of 1 and 3. The results confirmed that they agreed with the proposed structures for both 1 and 3 completely. The obtained PI 3 showed excellent solubility in most common solvents such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, N,N‐dimethylformamide, chloroform, dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran. The resulting strong and flexible film exhibited high thermal stability with the glass transition temperature at 317°C and the temperature at 10% weight loss beyond 519°C in both air and nitrogen atmospheres. Moreover, the film also showed high optical transparency, low dielectric constant (3.13 at 1 MHz), low water absorption (0.40%) and hydrophobic character.
PAA‐g‐PVAc Amphiphilic Graft Copolymer Synthesized by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Xiaohuan , Wang Beidi , Yang Dong , Zhang Xiaohong , Yuan Li , Tang Qianqian , Hu Jianhua 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new amphiphilic graft copolymer containing hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) backbone and hydrophobic poly(vinyl acetate) side chains was synthesized via sequential atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) followed by selective hydrolysis of poly(methoxymethyl acrylate) backbone. Grafting‐from strategy was employed to synthesize PMOMA‐g‐PVAc graft copolymer (Mw/Mn=1.64) via ATRP. The final PAA‐g‐PVAc amphiphilic graft copolymer was obtained by selective acidic hydrolysis of PMOMA backbone in acidic environment without affecting the side chains. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc) in aqueous media were determined by a fluorescence probe technique. The micelle morphologies were found to be spheres.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Theoretical Calculation and Thermal Behavior of DNAZ·NTO
Authors: Li Zhaona , Ma Haixia , Yan Biao , Guan Yulei , Song Jirong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDNAZ·NTO was prepared by mixing 3,3‐dinitroazetidine (DNAZ) and 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO) in ethanol solution. Single crystals suitable for X‐ray measurement were obtained, which belong to monoclinic, space group P21/n with unit cell parameters of a=1.4970(4) nm, b=0.6325(2) nm, c=2.2347(7) nm, β=96.55(1) °, V=2.1022(11) nm3 , Dc=1.752 g·cm−3, F(000) =1136 and Z=8. Based on the analysis of the molecule structure, the theoretical investigation of the title compound was carried out at B3LYP/6‐311++G** levels, and the natural atomic charge and natural bond orbital analysis were performed. The interaction between the cation and anion was also discussed. The thermal behavior of DNAZ·NTO was carried out by DSC and TG/DTG techniques. The apparent activation energy (Ea) and pre‐exponential constant (A) of the main exothermic decomposition reaction were obtained.
Preparation of Barium Titanate Nanopowder through Thermal Decomposition of Peroxide Precursor and Its Formation Mechanism
Authors: Peng Yangxi , Peng Qiyuan , Liu Shijun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractH2TiO3 was dissolved in the mixture of hydrogen formed peroxide and ammonia under the pH range of 8–10 with a transparent yellow solution formed. When an equivalent mole of Ba2+ solution was added into the yellow solution, the precipitate produced was the peroxide precursor of barium titanate. The cubic nanopowder of barium titanate was obtained when the precipitate was washed, stoved, and then calcined at 600°C for 1 h. The peroxide precursor of barium titanate and barium titanate nanopowder prepared were characterized to be BaTi(H2O2)2O3 by TGA‐DTA, XRD, TEM, SEM, and XREDS. The peroxide precursor of barium titanate was determined to be BaTi(H2O2)2O3. The particle size of the barium titanate nanopowder, the calcined product of BaTi(H2O2)2O3, was in the range of 20–40 nm. A formation mechanism of the barium titanate nanopowder through thermal decomposition of its peroxide precursor was proposed and then validated.
Novel Imatinib Derivatives with Altered Specificity between Bcr–Abl and FMS, KIT, and PDGF Receptors
Authors: Skobridis Konstantinos , Kinigopoulou Maria , Theodorou Vassiliki , Giannousi Emilia , Russell Alison , Chauhan Rakhee , Sala Roberta , Brownlow Nicola , Kiriakidis Serafim , Domin Jan , Tzakos Andreas G. , Dibb Nick J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractImatinib is a clinically important ATP analogue inhibitor that targets the tyrosine kinase domain of the intracellular Abl kinase and the PDGF receptor family. Imatinib has revolutionised the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia, which is caused by the oncogene Bcr–Abl and certain solid tumours that harbor oncogenic mutations of the PDGF receptor family. As a leading kinase inhibitor, imatinib also provides an excellent model system to investigate how changes in drug design impact biological activity, which is an important consideration for rational drug design. Herein we report a new series of imatinib derivatives that in general have greater activity against the family of PDGF receptors and poorer activity against Abl, as a result of modifications of the phenyl andN‐methylpiperazine rings. These new compounds provide a platform for further drug development against the therapeutically important PDGF receptor family and they also provide insight into the engineering of drugs with altered biological activity.
Aggressive fibromatosis in children and adolescents
Authors: Meazza Cristina , Bisogno Gianni , Gronchi Alessandro , Fiore Marco , Cecchetto Giovanni , Alaggio Rita , Milano Giuseppe M. , Casanova Michela , Carli Modesto , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) is a rare tumor of intermediate malignancy that has a strong potential for local invasiveness and recurrence. To date, there are no general recommendations for the clinical management of pediatric AF.METHODS:The authors retrospectively analyzed 94 patients aged ≤21 years, including 23 patients who underwent complete surgery (Group I), 42 patients who underwent incomplete surgery with microscopic residual tumor (Group II), and 29 patients who underwent either biopsy or macroscopically incomplete surgery (Group III).RESULTS:The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival rates were 44% and 99%, respectively. Local recurrences developed in 22% of patients in Group I, in 76% of patients in Group II, and in 76% of patients in Group III. Two of 7 patients with abdominal disease died of tumor progression, whereas none of the patients with extra‐abdominal AF died of their disease. Systemic treatment was given to 15 patients as first‐line treatment and to 34 patients at time the time they developed recurrent disease: The response rate was 47% in the former patients and 50% in the latter patients. Objective responses were observed in 11 of 19 patients who received combined methotrexate plus vinblastine/vinorelbine, in 7 of 15 patients who received alkylating‐agent chemotherapy, and in 4 of 11 patients who received other therapies (tamoxifen, sulindac, interferon alfa).CONCLUSIONS:The current analysis suggested that the clinical course of AF in children may resemble that of AF in adults. Local recurrences did not affect the chance of responding to systemic therapy or the survival rate. The completeness of initial resection was the main factor that influenced EFS, whereas disease control after marginal resection was much the same as that achieved after intralesional surgery/biopsy. Good responses to systemic treatments, and particularly to low‐dose chemotherapy, were observed as reported previously in adults. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A black‐white comparison of the quality of stage‐specific colon cancer treatment
Authors: Berry Jamillah , Caplan Lee , Davis Sharon , Minor Patrick , Counts‐Spriggs Margaret , Glover Roni , Ogunlade Vickie , Bumpers Kevin , Kauh John , Brawley Otis W. , Flowers Christopher 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Several studies have attributed racial disparities in cancer incidence and mortality to variances in socioeconomic status and health insurance coverage. However, an Institute of Medicine report found that blacks received lower quality care than whites after controlling for health insurance, income, and disease severity.METHODS:To examine the effects of race on colorectal cancer outcomes within a single setting, the authors performed a retrospective cohort study that analyzed the cancer registry, billing, and medical records of 365 university hospital patients (175 blacks and 190 whites) diagnosed with stage II‐IV colon cancer between 2000 and 2005. Racial differences in the quality (effectiveness and timeliness) of stage‐specific colon cancer treatment (colectomy and chemotherapy) were examined after adjusting for socioeconomic status, health insurance coverage, sex, age, and marital status.RESULTS:Blacks and whites had similar sociodemographic characteristics, tumor stage and site, quality of care, and health outcomes. Age and diagnostic stage were predictors of quality of care and mortality. Although few patients (5.8%) were uninsured, they were more likely to present at advanced stages (61.9% at stage IV) and die (76.2%) than privately insured and publicly insured patients (p = .002).CONCLUSIONS:In a population without racial differences in socioeconomic status or insurance coverage, patients receive the same quality of care, regardless of racial distinction, and have similar health outcomes. Age, diagnostic stage, and health insurance coverage remained independently associated with mortality. Future studies of disparities in colon cancer treatment should examine sociocultural barriers to accessing appropriate care in various healthcare settings. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Variations in gastric cancer care
Authors: Al‐Refaie Waddah B. , Gay Greer , Virnig Beth A. , Tseng Jennifer F. , Stewart Andrew , Vickers Selwyn M. , Tuttle Todd. M. , Feig Barry W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Race is associated with patterns of presentation and survival outcomes of gastric cancer in the United States. However, the impact of race on the receipt of guideline‐recommended care is not well characterized. By using current recommendations, the authors examined the association between race and guideline‐recommended treatments and identified factors that are predictive of variations in gastric cancer care.METHODS:By using the National Cancer Database for 1998 through 2005, 106,002 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were identified. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to examine the association between race, the receipt of guideline‐recommended care, and survival after adjusting for covariates.RESULTS:Although African‐American and Hispanic patients were more likely to undergo adequate lymphadenectomy (≥15 lymph nodes) and to receive care at comprehensive cancer centers and high‐volume facilities (for all, P ≤ .001), they were less likely to receive adjuvant multimodality therapy for American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IB through IV, lymph node‐negative (M0) disease. Up to 60% of all patients who underwent gastrectomy failed to receive adequate lymphadenectomy and adjuvant multimodality therapy. The delivery of multimodality therapy varied significantly by stage and lymph node evaluation (P ≤ .001). These findings persisted on our multivariate analyses, indicating that African‐American and Hispanic patients received adequate lymph node evaluation (P ≤ .001), whereas they were associated with receiving no adjuvant multimodality therapy (P ≤ .025).CONCLUSIONS:There were significant variations in treatment for gastric cancer among ethnic groups in the United States. It was noteworthy that, although nonwhite race was associated with improved surgical care, gastric cancer care remained suboptimal overall. Cancer programs need to identify procedures to maximize the delivery of adequate gastric cancer care to all patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Ending prematurely a weight loss programme: the impact of child and family characteristics
Authors: Braet C. , Jeannin R. , Mels S. , Moens E. , Van Winckel M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe present study evaluates the pre‐treatment child and family characteristics as well as the parental motives and experienced barriers when ending prematurely a weight loss programme for their obese child, in accordance with the ‘barriers‐to‐treatment model’ and subsequent research on dimensions underlying treatment termination decision. Treatment seeking youngsters (n = 72) with a mean of 10.46 years (SD = 2.56) were followed over a 1‐year period. Dropout, child and family characteristics were measured both during assessment and treatment. The ‘barriers‐to‐treatment’ data were collected at the 1‐year follow‐up via mail (response rate = 65%; n = 47). Results showed that dropout could be successfully predicted at intake by age, psychopathology in the child and motivation of the parents. Results indicated further that there are few differences in total barriers score between completers and non‐completers. Item content analysis revealed two themes that were more often reported by non‐completers (appointment arrangements and perceived relevance of treatment). The hypothesis that non‐completers (compared to completers) experienced more barriers that burden their willingness to continue a weight loss programme could not be confirmed. Besides demographic characteristics, specifically motivation of the parents at intake seems an important area for future research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Families non‐completing a treatment suffer from a greater burden due to psychological problems in their child.• Regarding the decision to start a treatment, specifically pre‐treatment, motivation and expectations of parents will play a crucial role.• 47% of the families ended prematurely while their children still suffer from overwight, fueling our assumption that dropping out in treatment is a serious problem and comprises a substantial group of people not studied yet in detail.• The hypothesis that non‐completers (compared to completers) experienced more barriers that burden their willingness to continue a weight loss program could not be confirmed.
HSG‐ad hocnetwork: A novel hierarchical star graphad hocnetwork with self‐organization and routing discovery free
Authors: Su Tung‐Shih , Jeng Wei‐Lun , Huang Jeng‐Yi , Hsieh Wen‐Shyong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInad hocwireless networks, most data are delivered by multi‐hop routing (hop by hop). This approach may cause long delay and a high routing overhead regardless of which routing protocol is used. To mitigate this inherent characteristic, this work presents a novelad hocnetwork structure that adopts dual‐card‐mode, self‐organization with specific IP naming and channel assignment to form a hierarchical star graphad hocnetwork (HSG‐ad hoc). This network not only expedites data transmission but also eliminates the route discovery procedure during data transmission. Therefore, the overall network reliability and stability are significantly improved. Simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves substantial improvements over DSDV, AODV, and DSR in terms of average end‐to‐end delay, throughput, and packet delivery ratio. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.