bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shake table study on an ordinary low‐rise building seismically isolated with SU‐FREIs (stable unbonded‐fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators)
Authors: Toopchi‐Nezhad Hamid , Tait Michael J. , Drysdale Robert G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper reports on the investigation of novel fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator (FREI) bearings, which do not have thick end plates, and are used in an unbonded application. Owing to the stable lateral load‐displacement response exhibited by the unbonded FREI bearings, the proposed bearings are referred to as stable unbonded (SU)‐FREIs. A shake table test program was conducted on a two‐story test‐structure having well‐defined elastic response characteristics. Compared with the results for the corresponding fixed base (FB) structure, the peak response values, distribution of lateral response throughout the height of the structure, and response time histories of the tested base isolated (BI) structure indicate that significantly improved response can be achieved. This study clearly indicates that SU‐FREI bearings can provide an effective seismic isolation system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensory characterization of Hunter Valley Semillon using descriptive analysis
Authors: Blackman John , Saliba Anthony 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSemillon wines from the Hunter Valley region, Australia, were evaluated by sensory descriptive analysis using 15 trained judges. The panel initially identified 37 attributes, but after training, discussion and statistical analyses the list was reduced to 12 different aromas. Additionally the tastes of acidity and sweetness were practised and results obtained. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the sensory data obtained combined with mean intensity ratings enabled the wines to be divided into four groups or ‘styles’. PCA revealed a two‐factor solution explaining 82.5% of the total variance, where bottle age was the most important flavour dimension. Three different styles of young Semillon wine and an aged category were determined, confirming that there is a style with substantial flavour that can sold without the need to bottle age. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppression of the unsteady vortex wakes of a circular cylinder pair by a doublet‐like counter‐rotation
Authors: Chan Andre S. , Jameson Antony 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe present investigation examines the suppression of unsteady, two‐dimensional wake instabilities of a pair of identical circular cylinders, placed side‐by‐side normal to freestream at a low Reynolds number of 150. It is found that when the cylinders are counter‐rotated, unsteady vortex wakes can be completely suppressed. At fast enough rotational speeds, a virtual elliptic body is produced by a closed streamline, strongly resembling a doublet potential flow. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nickel–Zirconia Anode Degradation and Triple Phase Boundary Quantification from Microstructural Analysis
Authors: Faes A. , Hessler‐Wyser A. , Presvytes D. , Vayenas C. G. , Van herle J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMicrostructural evolution of anode supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) during medium‐term stack testing has been characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Low acceleration voltage SEM imaging is used to separate the three anode phases (nickel, yttria‐stabilised zirconia and porosity). Microstructural quantification is obtained using a software code that yields phase proportion, particle size, particle size distribution and a direct measure of triple phase boundary (TPB) density (μm–2). In addition, an anode degradation model is proposed. The model describes the gradual degradation of the anode due to nickel particle sintering and the concomitant loss of TPB. Fundamental operational and structural parameters of the anode can be used to estimate the TPB length change with time from the degradation rate. The combination of experimental results and modelling allows separating the degradation due to sintering of nickel particles from total stack degradation. Anode degradation occurs principally during the first 500 operating hours. For stack tests carried out over more than 1,000 h, anode degradation was responsible for 18 to 41% of the total degradation depending on initial microstructure.
New Fabrication Technique for Series‐Connected Stack With Micro Tubular SOFCs
Authors: Funahashi Y. , Shimamori T. , Suzuki T. , Fujishiro Y. , Awano M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is highly efficient and is a promising candidate for future power systems. Among the many types of SOFCs which have been reported, the micro tubular design offers improved thermal robustness, with the possibility of rapid start‐up/shut‐down. In this study, a new stack structure for anode‐supported micro tubular SOFCs was developed in which porous MgO matrices were used to position the micro tubular cell elements. This arrangement allowed for electrical interconnection of each cell in a series, using a silver paste and a connecting LSCF paste for the anode and the cathode, respectively, in the MgO support structure. With this technique, the bundle size could be easily increased towards the kW class module design.
Trend and persistence of precipitation under climate change scenarios for Kansabati basin, India
Authors: Mishra Ashok K. , Özger Mehmet , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWith increasing uncertainties associated with climate change, precipitation characteristics pattern are receiving much attention these days. This paper investigated the impact of climate change on precipitation in the Kansabati basin, India. Trend and persistence of projected precipitation based on annual, wet and dry periods were studied using global climate model (GCM) and scenario uncertainty. A downscaling method based on Bayesian neural network was applied to project precipitation generated from six GCMs using two scenarios (A2 and B2). The precipitation values for any of three time periods (dry, wet and annual) do not show significant increasing or decreasing trends during 2001–2050 time period. There is likely an increasing trend in precipitation for annual and wet periods during 2051–2100 based on A2 scenario and a decreasing trend in dry period precipitation based on B2 scenario. Persistence during dry period precipitation among stations varies drastically based on historical data with the highest persistence towards north‐west part of the basin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annexin‐A7 protects normal prostate cells and induces distinct patterns of RB‐associated cytotoxicity in androgen‐sensitive and ‐resistant prostate cancer cells
Authors: Torosyan Yelizaveta , Simakova Olga , Naga Shanmugam , Mezhevaya Katerina , Leighton Ximena , Diaz Juan , Huang Wei , Pollard Harvey , Srivastava Meera 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe tumor suppressor role of annexin‐A7 (ANXA7) was previously demonstrated by cancer susceptibility in Anxa7(+/−)‐mice and by ANXA7 loss in human cancers, especially in hormone‐resistant prostate tumors. To gain mechanistic insights into ANXA7 tumor suppression, we undertook an in vitro study in which we compared wild‐type (WT)‐ANXA7 and dominant‐negative (DN)‐ANXA7 effects to a conventional tumor suppressor p53 in prostate cancer cells with different androgen sensitivity. Unlike p53 (which caused cell growth arrest and apoptosis to a noticeable extent in benign PrEC), WT‐ANXA7 demonstrated profound cytotoxicityin androgen‐sensitive LNCaP as well as in the androgen‐resistant DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells, but not in PrEC. In androgen‐sensitive LNCaP, WT‐ANXA7 decreased low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) AR protein forms and maintained higher retinoblastoma 1 (RB1)/phospho‐RB1 ratio. In contrast, DN‐ANXA7 (which lacks phosphatidylserine liposome aggregation properties) increased LMW‐AR forms and hyperphosphorylated RB1 that was consistent with the lack of DN‐ANXA7 cytotoxicity. According to the microarray‐based Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, a major WT‐ANXA7 effect in androgen‐sensitive LNCaP constituted of upregulation of the RB1‐binding transcription factor E2F1 along with its downstream proapoptotic targets such as ASK1 and ASPP2. These results suggested a reversal of the RBdependent repression of the proapoptotic E2F‐mediated transcription. However, DN‐ANXA7 increased RB1/2 (but not E2F1) expression and induced the proliferation‐promoting ERK5, thereby maintaining the RB‐dependent repression of E2F‐mediated apoptosis in LNcaP. On the other hand, in androgen‐resistant cells, WT‐ANXA7 tumor suppressor effects involved PTEN and NFkB pathways. Thus, ANXA7 revived the RB‐associated cell survival control and overcame androgen resistance and dysfunctional status of major tumor suppressors commonly mutated in prostate cancer. Published 2009 UICC.
Expression and functional characterization of NPA motif‐null aquaporin‐1 mutations
Authors: Jiang Yong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe asparagine‐proline‐alanine sequences (NPA motifs) in Loops B and E of aquaporin are highly conserved. To investigate the role of two NPA motifs in the structure and function of aquaporin water channels, we generated human aquaporins (AQP)‐1 mutations with NPA1 deletion, NPA2 deletion and NPA1,2 double deletion. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis indicated that all the three human AQP1 mutants possessed identical protein pattern and similar plasma membrane expression pattern compared to wild‐type AQP1. Plasma membrane osmotic water permeability analysis, measured by YFP‐based fluorescence quenching method and Xenopus oocyte expression assays, demonstrated that NPA1 or NPA2 deletion significantly reduced human AQP1 water permeability nearly 50% compared to wild‐type AQP1, while NPA1,2 double deletion had little effect on human AQP1 water permeability. These results provide evidence that NPA motifs are important for water permeation but not essential for the expression, intracellular processing and the basic structure of human aquaporin 1. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(6): 651–657, 2009
β‐Ketoacyl‐ACP synthase I/II from Plasmodium falciparum (PfFabB/F)—Is it B or F?
Authors: Sharma Shilpi , Sharma Shailendra Kumar , Surolia Namita , Surolia Avadhesha 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCondensing enzymes play an important and decisive role in terms of fatty acid composition of any organism. They can be classified as condensing enzymes involved in initiating the cycle and enzymes involved in elongating the initiated fatty acyl chain. In E. coli, two isoforms for the elongation condensing enzymes (FabB and FabF) exists whereas Plasmodium genome contains only one isoform. By in vitro complementation studies in E. coli CY244 cells, we show that PfFabB/F functions like E. coli FabF as the growth of the mutant cells could be rescued only in the presence of oleic acid. But unlike bacterial enzyme, PfFabB/F does not increase the cis‐vaccenic acid content in the mutant cells upon lowering the growth temperature. This study thus highlights the distinct properties of P. falciparum FabF which sets it apart from E. coli and most other enzymes of this family described so far. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(6): 658–662, 2009
Origins and evolution of ADAR‐mediated RNA editing
Authors: Jin Yongfeng , Zhang Wenjing , Li Qi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAdenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosines to inosines in double‐stranded RNA in animals. Identification of more ADAR targets and genome sequences of diverse eukaryotes present an opportunity to elucidate the origin and evolution of ADAR‐mediated RNA editing. Comparative analysis of the adenosine deaminase family indicates that the first ADAR might have evolved from adenosine deaminases acting on tRNAs after the split of protozoa and metazoa. ADAR1 and ADAR2 arose by gene duplications in early metazoan evolution, ∼700 million years ago, while ADAR3 and TENR might originate after Urochordata–Vertebrata divergence. More ADAR or ADAR‐like genes emerged in some animals (e.g., fish). Considering the constrained structure, ADAR targets are proposed to have evolved from transposable elements and repeats, random selection, and fixation, and intermolecular pairs of sense and antisense RNA. In some degree, increased ADAR‐mediated gene regulation should substantially contribute to the emergence and evolution of complex metazoans, particularly the nervous system. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(6): 572–578, 2009
Structural immunology and crystallography help immunologists see the immune system in action: How T and NK cells touch their ligands
Authors: Chen Yong , Shi Yi , Cheng Hao , An Yun‐Qing , Gao George F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHost immune system is an important and sophisticated system, maintaining the balance of host response to “foreign” antigens and ignorance to the normal‐self. To fulfill this achievement the system manipulates a cell–cell interaction through appropriate interactions between cell‐surface receptors and cell‐surface ligands, or cell‐secreted soluble effector molecules to their ligands/receptors/counter‐receptors on the cell surface, triggering further downstream signaling for response effects. T cells and NK cells are important components of the immune system for defending the infections and malignancies and maintaining the proper response against over‐reaction to the host. Receptors on the surface of T cells and NK cells include a number of important protein molecules, for example, T cell receptor (TCR), co‐receptor CD8 or CD4, co‐stimulator CD28, CTLA4, KIR, CD94/NKG2, LILR (ILT/LIR/CD85), Ly49, and so forth. These receptor molecules interact with their ligands on the target cells, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (or human leukocyte antigen, HLA), CD80, CD86, and so forth. Detailed understanding of these receptor–ligand pair interactions is crucial for our full knowledge of the immune system, ultimately for us to manipulate the T cell and NK cell functions. Accumulations of the receptor–ligand complex crystal structures in the recent years have provided us a unique angel to see how the immune cells interacting with their partner cells. In this review, we discussed binding specificity, plasticity, and flexibility of the T cell and NK cell receptor/ligand interaction, fitting the structural data with their functions. Structural immunology indeed helps us see how T and NK cells “touch” their target cells in our immune system. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(6): 579–590, 2009
Construction of methylation linkage map based on MSAP and SSR markers in Sorghum bicolor (L.)
Authors: Duan Yonghong , Qian Jin , Sun Yi , Yi Zhiben , Yan Min 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the most important crops in the semiarid regions of the world. A methylation genetic linkage map of sorghum was constructed using a F2 population derived from a cross of B2V4 × 1383‐2 based on methylation‐sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. The map including 11 linkage groups was constructed with 151 loci covering 483.6 cM, 122 of them were MSAP markers, of which 89 loci were produced from EcoRI/MspI enzyme digestion, and 33 loci were produced from EcoRI/HpaII enzyme digestion. The average and maximal distances between adjacent two individual markers were 3.2 and 22.7 cM, respectively. Twenty‐nine previously mapped SSR markers in sorghum were used as anchors, most of the SSR markers in this map ordered collinearly to the published sorghum genetic map, and the distances of common markers intervals similarly. The mapping results also showed that no methylation marker was found on the chromosome SBI‐08; methylation markers from both EcoRI/MspI and EcoRI/HpaII enzyme digestions were detected on SBI‐02‐a and SBI‐05; methylation markers from only EcoRI/HpaII enzyme digestion were detected on SBI‐02‐b; and methylation markers from only EcoRI/MspI enzyme digestion were detected on the other seven chromosomes. High‐density methylation regions were revealed near Xtxp 296 on SBI‐02‐a, Xtxp 69 on SBI‐03, and Xtxp 160 on SBI‐07. Importantly, MSAP method was first used in the construction of a genetic linkage map. MSAP can be used efficiently to detect DNA methylation polymorphisms, and it is also an efficient technique in constructing genetic linkage map. Furthermore, by finding the methylation sites linking with elite genes, cloning target genes may be facilitated. It is also possible to further study epigenetic phenomena of organisms and explain the mechanism of target gene silencing in genetic transformation by analyzing the regions of high‐density methylation sites. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(6): 663–669, 2009
Effects of SMYD3 overexpression on transformation, serum dependence, and apoptosis sensitivity in NIH3T3 cells
Authors: Luo Xue‐Gang , Xi Tao , Guo Shu , Liu Zhi‐Peng , Wang Nan , Jiang Yong , Zhang Tong‐Cun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe SET and MYND domain‐containing protein 3 (SMYD3) gene was found to encode a novel histone methyltransferase involved in human cancer cells. It could specifically methylate histone H3 at lysine 4 and activate the transcription of a set of downstream genes, including of several oncogenes (e.g., N‐Myc, CrkL, Wnt10b, RIZ, and hTERT) and genes involved in the control of cell cycle (e.g., Cyclin G1 and CDK2) and signal transduction (e.g., STAT1, MAP3K11, and PIK3CB). To determine the effects of SMYD3 overexpression on cell transformation, serum dependence and apoptosis sensitivity, we expressed SMYD3 in NIH3T3 cells, and these cells showed several transformed phenotypes as demonstrated by foci formation and colony growth in soft agar. Besides, these transfectants also showed increased serum dependence and depression of sensitivity to apoptosis induced by dexamethasone. These findings lend further understanding to the role of SMYD3 in the genesis of human cancers and might throw light on the development of novel therapeutic approaches to human cancers. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(6): 679–684, 2009
Concepts in in vivo siRNA delivery for cancer therapy
Authors: Gondi Christopher S. , Rao Jasti S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn vivo gene silencing using RNAi plays an important role in target validation and is advancing towards the development of RNAi‐based therapeutics. RNAs were thought to have just two broad functions in cells as messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs, but recently the relevance of microRNAs is becoming more clearly understood. mRNA molecules transmit information between DNA and protein and, as such, are vital intermediaries for gene expression. Ribosomal and transfer RNAs have structural, catalytic, and information‐decoding roles in the process of protein synthesis, whereas microRNAs are regulators of gene expression. This review presents the early and intriguing successes of using siRNAs for in vivo gene silencing and its use as a possible cancer therapeutics. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 285–291, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracellular matrix controls insulin signaling in mammary epithelial cells through the RhoA/Rok pathway
Authors: Lee Yi‐Ju , Hsu Tsai‐Ching , Du Jyun‐Yi , Valentijn Anthony J. , Wu Tung‐Yi , Cheng Cheng‐Fu , Yang Zhihong , Streuli Charles H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCellular responses are determined by a number of signaling cues in the local microenvironment, such as growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM). In cultures of mammary epithelial cells (MECs), functional differentiation requires at least two types of signal, lactogenic hormones (i.e., prolactin, insulin, and hydrocortisone) and the specialized ECM, basement membrane (BM). Our previous work has shown that ECM affects insulin signaling in mammary cells. Cell adhesion to BM promotes insulin‐stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) and association of PI3K with IRS‐1, whereas cells cultured on stromal ECM are inefficient in transducing these post‐receptor events. Here we examine the mechanisms underlying ECM control of IRS phosphorylation. Compared to cells cultured on BM, cells on plastic exhibit higher level of RhoA activity. The amount and the activity of Rho kinase (Rok) associated with IRS‐1 are greater in these cells, leading to serine phosphorylation of IRS‐1. Expression of dominant negative RhoA and the application of Rok inhibitor Y27632 in cells cultured on plastic augment tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS‐1. Conversely, expression of constitutively active RhoA in cells cultured on BM impedes insulin signaling. These data indicate that RhoA/Rok is involved in substratum‐mediated regulation of insulin signaling in MECs, and under the conditions where proper adhesion to BM is missing, such as after wounding and during mammary gland involution, insulin‐mediated cellular differentiation and survival would be defective. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 476–484, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magic spot: (p) ppGpp
Authors: Wu Jun , Xie Jianping 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGuanosine 5′‐(tri)diphosphate, 3′‐diphosphate [(p) ppGpp] is a small nucleic acid that helps bacteria survive in limited environments. Gene chip shows that (p) ppGpp is a global transcription‐regulator of genes related to important bacterial metabolic processes. Therefore, more attention should be focused on the molecular mechanisms of (p) ppGpp, as it is the foundation to understanding how bacteria adapt to extreme circumstances through the stringent response. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 297–302, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Essential involvement of cross‐talk between IFN‐γ and TNF‐α in CXCL10 production in human THP‐1 monocytes
Authors: Qi Xu‐Feng , Kim Dong‐Heui , Yoon Yang‐Suk , Jin Dan , Huang Xue‐Zhu , Li Jian‐Hong , Deung Young‐Kun , Lee Kyu‐Jae 
Published: May 2009

AbstractInterferon (IFN)‐γ‐induced protein 10 (IP‐10/CXCL10), a CXC chemokine, has been documented in several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders including atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma. Although CXCL10 could be induced by IFN‐γ depending on cell type, the mechanisms regulating CXCL10 production following treatment with combination of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α have not been adequately elucidated in human monocytes. In this study, we showed that TNF‐α had more potential than IFN‐γ to induce CXCL10 production in THP‐1 monocytes. Furthermore, IFN‐γ synergistically enhanced the production of CXCL10 in parallel with the activation of NF‐κB in TNF‐α‐stimulated THP‐1 cells. Blockage of STAT1 or NF‐κB suppressed CXCL10 production. JAKs inhibitors suppressed IFN‐γ plus TNF‐α‐induced production of CXCL10 in parallel with activation of STAT1 and NF‐κB, while ERK inhibitor suppressed production of CXCL10 as well as activation of NF‐κB, but not that of STAT1. IFN‐γ‐induced phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK2, whereas TNF‐α induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Interestingly, IFN‐γ alone had no effect on phosphorylation and degradation of IκB‐α, whereas it significantly promoted TNF‐α‐induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκB‐α. These results suggest that TNF‐α induces CXCL10 production by activating NF‐κB through ERK and that IFN‐γ induces CXCL10 production by increasing the activation of STAT1 through JAKs pathways. Of note, TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB may be the primary pathway contributing to CXCL10 production in THP‐1 cells. IFN‐γ potentiates TNF‐α‐induced CXCL10 production in THP‐1 cells by increasing the activation of STAT1 and NF‐κB through JAK1 and JAK2. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 690–697, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.