bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could antispasmodic drug reduce pain during hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography (HyCoSy) in infertile patients? A randomized double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Moro F. , Selvaggi L. , Sagnella F. , Morciano A. , Martinez D. , Gangale M. F. , Ciardulli A. , Palla C. , Uras M. L. , De Feo E. , Boccia S. , Tropea A. , Lanzone A. , Apa R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of an antispasmodic drug, hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide, in reducing pain during hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography (HyCoSy).MethodsEight hundred and sixteen patients undergoing HyCoSy were randomized to receive 10 mg hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide (n = 408) or placebo (n = 408) per os, 30 min before the procedure, in a double‐blind randomized controlled trial. Immediately after the procedure, the patient was asked to describe any pain experienced in comparison with pain usually suffered during the menstrual cycle, and the operator assigned a pain score between 0 and 4 as follows: 0 (no reaction or discomfort), 1 (slight pain, less than menstrual pain), 2 (moderate pain, exceeding menstrual cramps but no vasovagal reaction), 3 (vasovagal reaction or pain requiring observation in a hospital) and 4 (vasovagal reaction or pain requiring resuscitation). The primary aim was to estimate the difference in pain score, considered as a categorical value, between the active arm of the trial and the control group. The secondary aim was to evaluate if pain is related to tubal patency.ResultsThere was no difference in pain score between the hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide group and the placebo group (P = 0.807). There was a negative correlation between pain and tubal patency, regardless of treatment group (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsAdministration of 10 mg antispasmodic drug hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide does not reduce pain in patients undergoing HyCoSy. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The editing of statistical data: methods and techniques for the efficient detection and correction of errors and missing values
Authors: De Waal Ton , Pannekoek Jeroen , Scholtus Sander 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn order to produce official statistics of sufficient quality, statistical institutes carry out an extensive process of checking and correcting the data that they collect. This process is called statistical data editing. In this article, we give a brief overview of current data editing methodology. In particular, we discuss the application of selective and automatic editing procedures to improve the efficiency and timeliness of the data editing process. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:204–210. doi: 10.1002/wics.1194This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Data Reduction, Smoothing, and Filtering
Software for Computational Statistics > Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
Data: Types and Structure > Data Preparation and Processing
In vivo imaging of the systemic delivery of small interfering RNA
Authors: Ifediba Marytheresa A. , Moore Anna 
Published: January 2012

AbstractShort interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have emerged as a potent new class of therapeutics, which regulate gene expression through sequence‐specific inhibition of mRNA translation. Human trials of siRNAs have highlighted the need for robust delivery and detection techniques that will enable the application of these therapeutics to increasingly complex disease and organ systems. Efforts to monitor the in vivo trafficking and efficacy of siRNAs have routinely involved bioluminescence imaging of naked siRNA molecules. More recently, siRNAs have been incorporated into a variety of molecular imaging probes to promote their detection with clinically relevant imaging modalities. Lipid‐, polymer‐, and nanoparticle‐based siRNA delivery vehicles have proven effective in improving the stability, bioavailability, and target specificity of siRNAs following systemic administration in vivo. Additionally, these methods provide a platform to modify siRNAs with a variety of contrast agents and have enabled nuclear and magnetic resonance imaging of siRNA delivery in preclinical studies. These image‐guided delivery approaches represent a crucial step in the transition of siRNA therapeutics to the clinic. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:428–437. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1158This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
A Simple Method for Calculation of the Composition of Type I Clathrate Hydrates
Authors: Kótai László , Bálint Szabolcs , Gács István , Lakatos Györgyi , Angyal András , Mehrotra Raj N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA simple and generalized method for calculating the composition of the Type I clathrate gas hydrates is discussed. It is suggested that the use of additive terms in the known temperature dependent molar volume values of hexagonal ice is useful in calculating the molar volume of the empty clathrate cage. Since the molecular weight of the gas hydrate is dependent on the occupation, the degree of occupation can be expressed by using the experimental density values of each hydrate. The results so obtained are in fair agreement with the results calculated from experimental density and X‐ray lattice constants, and with the values of the experimentally measured compositions.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Metal‐Organic Coordination Polymer
Authors: Wu Rui‐Feng , Zhang Tong‐Lai 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel energetic microporous metal‐organic coordination polymer {[Ni(tnbpdc)(bpy)(H2O)2]·1.5(DMF)}n (1) (tnbpdc = 2, 2′,6, 6′‐tetranitro‐4, 4′‐biphenyl dicarboxylate, bpy = 4, 4′‐bipyridine) was prepared solvothermally and characterized by elemental, IR spectroscopic, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. The X‐ray crystal structure of 1 revealed a rectangular‐shaped grid constructed with tnbpdc linkers and bpy linkers, with the free tunnel size estimated as 11 × 15 Å2. The thermal stability of the compound was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Such complexes may find application as novel heat‐resistant energetic materials.
Communication about DTC Testing: Commentary on a ‘Family Experience of Personal Genomics’
Authors: Middleton Anna 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper provides a commentary on ‘Family Experience of Personal Genomics’ (Corpas 2012). An overview is offered on the communication literature available to help support individuals and families to communicate about genetic information. Despite there being a wealth of evidence, built on years of genetic counseling practice, this does not appear to have been translated clearly to the Direct to Consumer (DTC) testing market. In many countries it is possible to order a DTC genetic test without the involvement of any health professional; there has been heated debate about whether this is appropriate or not. Much of the focus surrounding this has been on whether it is necessary to have a health professional available to offer their clinical knowledge and help with interpreting the DTC genetic test data. What has been missed from this debate is the importance of enabling customers of DTC testing services access to the abundance of information about how to communicate their genetic risks to others, including immediate family. Family communication about health and indeed genetics can be fraught with difficulty. Genetic health professionals, specifically genetic counselors, have particular expertise in family communication about genetics. Such information could be incredibly useful to kinships as they grapple with knowing how to communicate their genomic information with relatives.
High-Impact Articles in Hand Surgery
Authors: Eberlin Kyle R. , Labow Brian I. , Upton Joseph , Taghinia Amir H. 
Published: January 2012

Background There have been few attempts to identify classic papers within the hand surgery literature. This study used citation analysis to identify and characterize the top 50 highly cited hand surgery articles published in six peer-reviewed journals. Methods The 50 most highly cited hand surgery articles were identified in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS) American, JBJS British, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Journal of Hand Surgery (JHS) American, JHS British/European, and Hand. Articles were evaluated for citations per year, surgical/anatomical topic, and type of study. Clinical studies were further sub-categorized by level of evidence. The distribution of topics was compared with all indexed hand surgery articles. The educational relevance was assessed via comparison with lists of “classic” papers. Results The most common subjects were distal radius fracture, carpal tunnel syndrome, and flexor tendon repair. There was moderate correlation between the distribution of these topics and all indexed hand surgery articles (rho=0.71). There were 31 clinical studies, of which 16 were therapeutic, ten were prognostic, and five were diagnostic. These articles assessed the outcomes of an intervention, described an anatomical/functional observation, introduced an innovation, presented a discovery/classification, or validated a questionnaire. There were only three randomized trials. Using citations per year to control for the influence of time since publication, 36 articles were consistently highly cited. Twenty-three articles were on Stern's Selected Readings in Hand Surgery, considered important in education. Conclusions The top 50 highly cited articles in hand surgery reflect the most common clinical, scientific, and educational efforts of the field.
Maternal obesity in the rat programs male offspring exploratory, learning and motivation behavior: prevention by dietary intervention pre‐gestation or in gestation
Authors: Rodriguez J.S. , Rodríguez‐González G.L. , Reyes‐Castro L.A. , Ibáñez C. , Ramírez A. , Chavira R. , Larrea F. , Nathanielsz P.W. , Zambrano E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe studied the effects of maternal high fat diet (HFD, 25% calories from fat administered before and during pregnancy and lactation) and dietary intervention (switching dams from HFD to control diet) at different periconceptional periods on male offspring anxiety related behavior, exploration, learning, and motivation. From weaning at postnatal day (PND) 21, female subjects produced to be the mothers in the study received either control diet (CTR – 5% calories from fat), HFD through pregnancy and lactation (MO), HFD during PNDs 21–90 followed by CTR diet (pre‐gestation (PG) intervention) or HFD from PND 21 to 120 followed by CTR diet (gestation and lactation (G) intervention) and bred at PND 120. At 19 days of gestation maternal serum corticosterone was increased in MO and the PG and G dams showed partial recovery with intermediate levels. In offspring, no effects were found in the elevated plus maze test. In the open field test, MO and G offspring showed increase zone entries, displaying less thigmotaxis; PG offspring showed partial recuperation of this behavior. During initial operant conditioning MO, PG and G offspring displayed decreased approach behavior with subsequent learning impairment during the acquisition of FR‐1 and FR‐5 operant conditioning for sucrose reinforcement. Motivation during the progressive ratio test increased in MO offspring; PG and G intervention recuperated this behavior. We conclude that dietary intervention can reverse negative effects of maternal HFD and offspring outcomes are potentially due to elevated maternal corticosterone.
Direct numerical simulations of roughness-induced transition in supersonic boundary layers
Authors: Muppidi Suman , Mahesh Krishnan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDirect numerical simulations are used to study the laminar to turbulent transition of a Mach 2.9 supersonic flat plate boundary layer flow due to distributed surface roughness. Roughness causes the near-wall fluid to slow down and generates a strong shear layer over the roughness elements. Examination of the mean wall pressure indicates that the roughness surface exerts an upward impulse on the fluid, generating counter-rotating pairs of streamwise vortices underneath the shear layer. These vortices transport near-wall low-momentum fluid away from the wall. Along the roughness region, the vortices grow stronger, longer and closer to each other, and result in periodic shedding. The vortices rise towards the shear layer as they advect downstream, and the resulting interaction causes the shear layer to break up, followed quickly by a transition to turbulence. The mean flow in the turbulent region shows a good agreement with available data for fully developed turbulent boundary layers. Simulations under varying conditions show that, where the shear is not as strong and the streamwise vortices are not as coherent, the flow remains laminar.
Asymptotic theory of resonant flow in a spheroidal cavity driven by latitudinal libration
Authors: Zhang Keke , Chan Kit H. , Liao Xinhao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe consider a homogeneous fluid of viscosity $\nu $ confined within an oblate spheroidal cavity, ${x}^{2} / {a}^{2} + {y}^{2} / {a}^{2} + {z}^{2} / ({a}^{2} (1\ensuremath{-} {\mathscr{E}}^{2} ))= 1$, with eccentricity $0\lt \mathscr{E}\lt 1$. The spheroidal container rotates rapidly with an angular velocity ${\mbit{\Omega} }_{0} $, which is fixed in an inertial frame and defines a small Ekman number $E= \nu / ({a}^{2} \vert {\mbit{\Omega} }_{0} \vert )$, and undergoes weak latitudinal libration with frequency $\hat {\omega } \vert {\mbit{\Omega} }_{0} \vert $ and amplitude $\mathit{Po}\vert {\mbit{\Omega} }_{0} \vert $, where $\mathit{Po}$ is the Poincaré number quantifying the strength of Poincaré force resulting from latitudinal libration. We investigate, via both asymptotic and numerical analysis, fluid motion in the spheroidal cavity driven by latitudinal libration. When $\vert \hat {\omega } \ensuremath{-} 2/ (2\ensuremath{-} {\mathscr{E}}^{2} )\vert \gg O({E}^{1/ 2} )$, an asymptotic solution for $E\ll 1$ and $\mathit{Po}\ll 1$ in oblate spheroidal coordinates satisfying the no-slip boundary condition is derived for a spheroidal cavity of arbitrary eccentricity without making any prior assumptions about the spatial–temporal structure of the librating flow. In this case, the librationally driven flow is non-axisymmetric with amplitude $O(\mathit{Po})$, and the role of the viscous boundary layer is primarily passive such that the flow satisfies the no-slip boundary condition. When $\vert \hat {\omega } \ensuremath{-} 2/ (2\ensuremath{-} {\mathscr{E}}^{2} )\vert \ll O({E}^{1/ 2} )$, the librationally driven flow is also non-axisymmetric but latitudinal libration resonates with a spheroidal inertial mode that is in the form of an azimuthally travelling wave in the retrograde direction. The amplitude of the flow becomes $O(\mathit{Po}/ {E}^{1/ 2} )$ at $E\ll 1$ and the role of the viscous boundary layer becomes active in determining the key property of the flow. An asymptotic solution for $E\ll 1$ describing the librationally resonant flow is also derived for an oblate spheroidal cavity of arbitrary eccentricity. Three-dimensional direct numerical simulation in an oblate spheroidal cavity is performed to demonstrate that, in both the non-resonant and resonant cases, a satisfactory agreement is achieved between the asymptotic solution and numerical simulation at $E\ll 1$.
The Fate of Nationalism in the New States: Southeast Asia in Comparative Historical Perspective
Authors: Sidel John T. 
Published: January 2012

In two landmark essays published in 1973, the eminent anthropologist Clifford Geertz offered an early assessment of what he termed “The Fate of Nationalism in the New States,” referring to the newly independent nation-states of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Ranging with characteristic ease and flair across Burma, India, Indonesia, Lebanon, Malaysia, Morocco, and Nigeria, Geertz argued that an “Integrative Revolution” was under way, but one complicated and compromised by the inherent tension between “essentialism” and “epochalism,” between “Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in the New States.” Geertz argued:The peoples of the new states are simultaneously animated by two powerful, thoroughly interdependent, yet distinct and often actually opposed motives—the desire to be recognized as responsible agents whose wishes, acts, hopes, and opinions “matter,” and the desire to build an efficient, dynamic modern state. The one aim is to be noticed: it is a search for identity, and a demand that the identity be publicly acknowledged as having import, a social assertion of the self as “being somebody in the world.” The other aim is practical: it is a demand for progress, for a rising standard of living, more effective political order, greater social justice, and beyond that of “playing a part in the larger arena of world politics,” of “exercising influence among the nations.”
The Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service
Authors: van Loghem J. J. 
Published: January 2012

The Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, the origin of which dates from 1939, is guided by a foundation in which participate the Dutch Government, the Netherlands Red Cross and the Municipality of Amsterdam.A staff of physicians, chemists, pharmacists and biologists is charged with the leading of the different departments and laboratories. The Central Laboratory which is operating on a non-profit basis, is the medico-technical centre of the blood transfusion organization in the Netherlands.
Collimation of laser-driven energetic protons in a capillary
Authors: CHEN D.-P. , YIN Y. , GE Z.-Y. , XU H. , ZHUO H.-B. , MA Y.-Y. , SHAO F.-Q. , TIAN C.-L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEnergetic divergent proton beams can be generated in the interaction of ultra-intense laser pulses with solid-density foil targets via target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA). In this paper, a scheme using a capillary to reduce the proton beam divergence is proposed. By two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, it is shown that strong transverse electric and magnetic fields rapidly grow at the inner surface of the capillary when the laser-driven hot electrons propagate through the target and into the capillary. The spontaneous magnetic field collimates the electron flow, and the ions dragged from the capillary wall by hot electrons neutralize the negative charge and thus restrain the transverse extension of the sheath field set up by electrons. The proton beam divergence, which is mainly determined by the accelerating sheath field, is therefore reduced by the transverse limitation of the sheath field in the capillary.
Evaluating State-promoted Civic Engagement and Participation of Vulnerable Groups: The Paradoxical Policies of the Social Support Act in the Netherlands
Authors: LUB VASCO , UYTERLINDE MATTHIJS 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article reports on the effects of the Social Support Act (Wmo) in the Netherlands, implemented in 2007. The Dutch Act resembles the current European political interpretation of citizenship: stressing self-responsibility in one's personal life, fighting against elements of the welfare state that are believed to be invasive and implying a shared responsibility of government and civil society for the care of socially vulnerable groups. Data were collected on the basis of two surveys evaluating the effects of the Wmo for voluntary organisations and professional non-profit institutions in social care and welfare (2007: N = 383 and 2009–10: N = 389). In addition, in-depth interviews with stakeholders and qualitative case studies were carried out. The study yields several paradoxical policy outcomes. Contrary to the objectives of the Social Support Act, a ‘revitalisation’ of the Dutch civil society – in terms of a greater contribution to social goals and policies – remains problematic, whilst professional entities thrive under the new governmental élan. Other paradoxical outcomes stem from a too-dogmatic approach to the social participation of people with severe mental disabilities. Instigating the socialisation of these groups through mandatory measures can in practice increase their isolation. To reduce unintended effects, the Social Support Act should take into account the divergent capacities of vulnerable groups and prioritise the psychological safety of clients over political and administrative policy objectives.
Generation of pre-formed plasma and its reduction for fast-ignition
Authors: Sunahara Atsushi , Johzaki Tomoyuki , Nagatomo Hideo , Mima Kunioki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe investigated generation of pre-formed plasma on plates and inside cone targets due to a pre-pulse before the arrival of the main ultra-intense laser pulse in the fast-ignition scheme of the inertial confinement fusion. We estimated the pre-pulse level to be 130 mJ for LFEX laser used in the 2009 FIREX experiment, and the density gradient scale length of the pre-formed plasma inside the cone target to be 27–47 microns between the critical and 1/10 of the critical density, based on the two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulations. In order to reduce the generation of pre-formed plasma, we investigated a thin CH foil pre-pulse absorber, and proposed using a cone target with a pointed tip. We simulated CH plasma expansion to show that the CH foils works as a pre-pulse absorber. We also show the aluminum pointed tip of the cone target can delay the shock arrival time by 20 ps, much longer than the delay for the 10 micron thickness gold tip used in the typical implosion of GXII at Osaka University.
Effect of plasma material on intense laser-driven beam electrons in solid foils
Authors: Zhou C.T. , Cai T.X. , Zhang W.Y. , He X.T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe electromagnetic field structures and transport properties of laser produced relativistic beam electrons propagating through Au+25, Cu+20, Al+10, and C+5 plasma foils are investigated. Simulations show that high plasma resistivity as well as high collision rate of the beam electrons with gold and copper plasmas can hinder the forward motion of the beam electrons inside the targets. However, the beam electrons can propagate for a relatively long distance in aluminum and carbon plasma targets. They are well collimated by the strong self-generated resistive magnetic field, resulting in higher sheath electric fields behind the target. The use of low-Z target material is therefore more efficient for collimating beam electrons as well as generating higher-energy ions.
Positional velar fronting: An updated articulatory account
Authors: MCALLISTER BYUN TARA 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis study develops the hypothesis that the child-specific phenomenon of positional velar fronting can be modeled as the product of phonologically encoded articulatory limitations unique to immature speakers. Children have difficulty executing discrete tongue movements, preferring to move the tongue and jaw as a single unit. This predisposes the child to produce undifferentiated linguopalatal contact, neutralizing the coronal–velar contrast. Adopting a phonetically sensitive model of phonology, I propose that children's difficulty with discrete tongue movement can be encoded in a violable constraint, Move.as-Unit. The positional nature of fronting reflects the fact that discrete lingual movement is penalized more heavily in the motorically challenging context of a larger gesture. This analysis is supported with a longitudinal study of one child (3 ; 9 to 4 ; 4) whose fronting was conditioned by both segmental and prosodic factors. Adopting Move.as-Unitin a Harmonic Grammar framework makes it possible to reframe disparate-seeming conditioning factors as a unified grammatical system.