bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The foraging decisions of a central place foraging seabird in response to fluctuations in local prey conditions
Authors: Burke C. M. , Montevecchi W. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring reproduction, seabirds need to balance the demands of self‐ and offspring‐provisioning within the constraints imposed by central place foraging. To assess behavioral adjustments and tolerances to these constraints, we studied the feeding tactics and reproductive success of common murres (also known as common guillemots) Uria aalge, at their largest and most offshore colony (Funk Island) where parents travel long distances to deliver a single capelin Mallotus villosus to their chicks. We assessed changes in the distance murres traveled from the colony, their proximate foraging locations and prey size choice during two successive years in which capelin exhibited an order of magnitude decrease in density and a shift from aggregated (2004) to dispersed (2005) distributions. When capelin availability was low (2005), parental murres increased their maximum foraging distances by 35% (60 to 81 km) and delivered significantly larger capelin to chicks, as predicted by central place foraging theory. Murres preferred large (>140 mm) relative to small capelin (100–140 mm) in both years, but unexpectedly this preference increased as the relative density of large capelin decreased. We conclude that single prey‐loading murres target larger capelin during long foraging trips as parents are ‘forced’ to select the best prey for their offspring. Low fledgling masses suggest also that increased foraging time when capelin is scarce may come at a cost to the chicks (i.e. fewer meals per day). Murres at this colony may be functioning near physiological limits above which further or sustained adjustments in foraging effort could compromise the life‐time reproductive success of this long‐lived seabird.
Cell‐derived microparticles: a new challenge in neuroscience
Authors: Doeuvre Loïc , Plawinski Laurent , Toti Florence , Anglés‐Cano Eduardo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMicroparticles (MPs) are membrane fragments shed by cells activated by a variety of stimuli including serine proteases, inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and stress inducers. MPs originating from platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and erythrocytes are found in circulating blood at relative concentrations determined by the pathophysiological context. The procoagulant activity of MPs is their most characterized property as a determinant of thrombosis in various vascular and systemic diseases including myocardial infarction and diabetes. An increase in circulating MPs has also been associated with ischemic cerebrovascular accidents, transient ischemic attacks, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral malaria. Recent data indicate that besides their procoagulant components and identity antigens, MPs bear a number of bioactive effectors that can be disseminated, exchanged, and transferred via MPs cell interactions. Furthermore, as activated parenchymal cells may also shed MPs carrying identity antigens and biomolecules, MPs are now emerging as new messengers/biomarkers from a specific tissue undergoing activation or damage. Thus, detection of MPs of neurovascular origin in biological fluids such as CSF or tears, and even in circulating blood in case of blood–brain barrier leakage, would not only improve our comprehension of neurovascular pathophysiology, but may also constitute a powerful tool as a biomarker in disease prediction, diagnosis, prognosis, and follow‐up.
Level Playing Fields in International Financial Regulation
Authors: MORRISON ALAN D. , WHITE LUCY 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTWe analyze the desirability of level playing fields in international financial regulation. In general, level playing fields impose the standards of the weakest regulator upon the best‐regulated economies. However, they may be desirable when capital is mobile because they counter a cherry‐picking effect that lowers the size and efficiency of banks in weaker economies. Hence, while a laissez faire policy favors the better‐regulated economy, level playing fields are good for weaker regulators. We show that multinational banking mitigates the cherry‐picking effect, and reduces the damage that a level playing field causes in the better‐regulated economy.
Bank Loan Supply, Lender Choice, and Corporate Capital Structure
Authors: LEARY MARK T. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the relevance of capital market supply frictions for corporate capital structure decisions. To identify this relationship, I study the effect on firms' financial structures of two changes in bank funding constraints: the 1961 emergence of the market for certificates of deposit, and the 1966 Credit Crunch. Following an expansion (contraction) in the availability of bank loans, leverage ratios of bank‐dependent firms significantly increase (decrease) relative to firms with bond market access. Concurrent changes in the composition of financing sources lend further support to the role of credit supply and debt market segmentation in capital structure choice.
International Taxation and the Direction and Volume of Cross‐Border M&As
Authors: HUIZINGA HARRY P. , VOGET JOHANNES 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTWe show that the parent‐subsidiary structure of multinational firms created by cross‐border mergers and acquisitions is affected by the prospect of international double taxation. Specifically, the likelihood of parent firm location in a country following a cross‐border takeover is reduced by high international double taxation of foreign‐source income. At the same time, countries with high international double taxation attract smaller numbers of parent firms. A unilateral elimination of worldwide taxation by the United States is simulated to increase the proportion of parent firms locating in the United States following cross‐border mergers and acquisitions from 53% to 58%.
Trading Costs and Returns for U.S. Equities: Estimating Effective Costs from Daily Data
Authors: HASBROUCK JOEL 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThe effective cost of trading is usually estimated from transaction‐level data. This study proposes a Gibbs estimate that is based on daily closing prices. In a validation sample, the daily Gibbs estimate achieves a correlation of 0.965 with the transaction‐level estimate. When the Gibbs estimates are incorporated into asset pricing specifications over a long historical sample (1926 to 2006), the results suggest that effective cost (as a characteristic) is positively related to stock returns. The relation is strongest in January, but it appears to be distinct from size effects.
Rank‐Order Tournaments and Incentive Alignment: The Effect on Firm Performance
Authors: KALE JAYANT R. , REIS EBRU , VENKATESWARAN ANAND 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTWe investigate simultaneously the impact of promotion‐based tournament incentives for VPs and equity‐based (alignment) incentives for VPs and the chief executive officer (CEO) on firm performance. We find that tournament incentives, as measured by the pay differential between the CEO and VPs, relate positively to firm performance. The relation is more positive when the CEO nears retirement and less positive when the firm has a new CEO, and weakens further when the new CEO is an outsider. Our analysis is robust to corrections for endogeneity of all our incentive measures and to several alternative measures of tournament incentives and firm performance.
Which mothers wean their babies prematurely from full breastfeeding? An Australian cohort study
Authors: Baxter Jennifer , Cooklin Amanda R , Smith Julie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim:  To identify the maternal and infant characteristics associated with an early transition from full breastfeeding to complementary or no breastfeeding during the first 2 months of life in a large, representative cohort of Australian infants.Method:  Multinomial logistic modelling was performed on data for infants with complete breastfeeding and sociodemographic data (N = 4679) including maternal age, education, smoking, employment, pregnancy and birth outcomes.Results:  Ninety‐one percent of women initiated breastfeeding. Sixty‐nine percent of infants were being fully breastfed at 1 month, and 59% were fully breastfed at 2 months. Maternal characteristics – age less than 25 years, smoking in pregnancy, early full‐time postnatal employment and less educational attainment – were associated with early breastfeeding cessation. Infant factors – multiple birth, caesarean birth, infant or first birth – were associated with a transition to complementary breastfeeding in the first postnatal month.Conclusion:  Breastfeeding duration is substantially affected by breastfeeding outcomes in the first postpartum month. The first month is an important window for evidence‐based interventions to improve rates of full breastfeeding in groups of women identified as at risk of early breastfeeding cessation.
Neonatal cholestasis: differentiation of biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis in a developing country
Authors: Poddar Ujjal , Thapa Babu Ram , Das Ashim , Bhattacharya Anish , Rao KL Narasimha , Singh Kartar 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim:  To study the accuracy of various clinical and investigational parameters to differentiate biliary atresia (BA) from neonatal hepatitis (NH).Methods:  It was a prospective study, conducted in a tertiary care hospital. A total 101 infants with neonatal cholestasis (NCS) were included in this study. Following a baseline hepatobiliary scintigraphic study (HBS), it was repeated after giving UDCA (40 mg/kg/day for 48–72 h). The sensitivity and specificity of clinical and investigational parameters were calculated with peroperative cholangiogram as gold standard.Results:  The mean age was 2.8 ± 1.7 months and 82 were male. Of these, 35 were diagnosed to have BA and 66 had NH (idiopathic 25, sepsis/UTI 20, galactosaemia 11, TORCH 2 and others 8). Persistently clay stool was found to have modest accuracy (79%) and the accuracy of HBS improved significantly following UDCA therapy (91% from 77%, p < 0.01) whereas liver biopsy was 100% accurate in differentiating BA from NH. The outcome of BA cases with ductal plate malformation (DPM) was worse.Conclusion:  One‐third of all NCS in India is due to BA and among the intrahepatic causes acquired infection and galactosaemia are common. Liver biopsy is the best method to differentiate NH from BA.
Use of resin‐bonded extracoronal attachments with removable partial denture: case report
Authors: Orsi Iara Augusta , Bezzon Osvaldo Luiz , Marchi Simone , Fernandes Flávio Henrique Carriço Nogueira 
Published: May 2009

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00298.x

Use of resin‐bonded extracoronal attachments with removable partial denture: case report Introduction:  Resin‐bonded extracoronal attachments may be indicated for the abutment teeth of removable partial dentures, especially for anterior teeth when a cingulum rest must be provided. This type of treatment has a series of advantages such as minimal tooth reduction, supragingival margins, favourable stress distribution, and improved aesthetic appearance.Objective:  To report a clinical case of oral rehabilitation using a combination of resin‐bonded extracoronal attachments joined by a Dolder bar with a removable partial denture.Case report:  A 60‐year‐old male patient with only the canines in the maxillary arch was restored with a combination of resin‐bonded extracoronal attachments joined by a Dolder bar and a removable partial denture.Conclusion:  Dentures with resin‐bonded extracoronal attachments can have a number of advantages over traditional clasp‐retained removable partial dentures.
Effect of Tobacco Smoke on the Oral Health of US Women of Childbearing Age
Authors: Iida Hiroko , Kumar Jayanth V. , Kopycka‐Kedzierawski Dorota T. , Billings Ronald J. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the oral health status of US women of childbearing age and to analyze the effect of tobacco smoke on their oral health. Methods: Data from the 1999‐2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were evaluated for women 15‐44 years of age. The association of exposure to tobacco smoke with untreated caries, mean DMFS, gingivitis, and periodontitis were examined in bivariate and regression analyses controlling for potential confounders. Results: The prevalence of untreated caries was 25%, for gingivitis 49%, and for periodontitis 6%. After adjusting for potential confounders, self‐reported current smoking was a strong independent risk indicator for untreated caries, periodontitis, and to a lesser extent for greater DMFS count. Women with detectable cotinine levels below 15 ng/mL presented with an increased risk for gingivitis. Independent factors associated with increased risk for untreated caries were being Black, having less than a high school education, Medicaid or no health insurance, previous live births, and infrequent and episodic dental visits. Characteristics associated with gingivitis were being Mexican‐American, obese, pregnant, and having infrequent dental visits. Older age, no insurance, and the last dental visit for treatment were independently associated with periodontitis. Conclusions: Dental caries and periodontitis were prevalent among certain subgroups of women of reproductive age. Smoking was found to be a significant risk indicator for various negative oral health outcomes. Barriers to accessing to dental care that were manifested by untreated caries among Black women, mothers, and Medicaid beneficiaries must be better understood.
Dental Providers' Attitudes Regarding the Application of Fluoride Varnish by Pediatric Health Care Providers
Authors: Swigonski Nancy L. , Yoder Karen M. , Maupome Gerardo , Ofner Susan 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Objectives: To ascertain what proportion of dental hygienists and dentists in Indiana, United States, support the application of fluoride varnish in medical offices, and to determine if support differed by dental provider characteristics, practice characteristics, a limited assessment of knowledge about fluoride, or use of fluoride. Methods: Practicing dental hygienists and dentists in 2005 were asked to fill out a mail questionnaire. Logistic regression models tested the association of independent variables with support for medical providers applying varnish. Results: Response rates were 36% (dental hygienists) and 37% (dentists); median year of graduation was 1988 and 1981. Sixty‐six percent of respondents were in solo practices, 82% of dentists in general practice, 5% in dental pediatrics, and 13% were other specialists. While 51.2% of dental professionals agreed that medical practices could apply fluoride varnish, 29% responded “none” should be allowed, and 19% were undecided. In the multivariable logistic regression for support of medical practices applying fluoride versus not supporting it, three practice characteristics and two measures of fluoride use were significant. Provider characteristics and a limited assessment about knowledge about fluoride were not significant. Conclusions: Half of dental professionals felt that it was appropriate for medical providers to apply fluoride varnish; pediatric dental professionals were less supportive. A few dental practice characteristics were associated with acceptance of the use of fluoride varnish by medical care providers: targeting messages to dental hygienists and those with practices in mixed rural‐urban areas may be a useful approach to garner greater support for this medical/dental partnership.
Association Between Periodontal Disease and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Morita Toyoko , Ogawa Yoko , Takada Koji , Nishinoue Norihide , Sasaki Yoshiyuki , Motohashi Masafumi , Maeno Masao 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is a complex medical disorder characterized by visceral fat‐type obesity involving hypertension, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and components of metabolic syndrome (obesity, lipid abnormality, hypertension, and hyperglycemia) in industrial workers of a single company in Tokyo, Japan. Methods: The study subjects consisted of 2,478 adult employees (2,028 men and 450 women; mean age: 43.3 years). The association between the presence of periodontal pockets and components of metabolic syndrome was investigated cross‐sectionally using multiple logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (ORs), and 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Body mass index, blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in patients with periodontal pockets of 4 mm or more. We found that the OR of the presence of periodontal pockets adjusted for age, gender, and smoking habit was 1.8 (96 percent CI = 1.4‐2.3) when the subjects with two positive components and without positive component were compared. And it was 2.4 (96 percent CI = 1.7‐2.7) when the subjects with three or four positive components and without positive component were compared. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome in Japanese workers between the ages of 20 and 60 years.
Association Between Socioeconomic Factors and Dental Erosion in Brazilian Schoolchildren
Authors: Mangueira Dayane Franco , Sampaio Fábio Correia , Oliveira Andressa Feitosa 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate if a higher socioeconomic status is a potential risk factor for dental erosion in 6‐ to 12‐year‐old Brazilian schoolchildren. Methods: A sample of 983 children was drawn from 36 schools. A questionnaire was applied to determine socioeconomic background. Clinical exams for dental erosion were carried out by one trained and calibrated examiner considering location, severity, and surface area affected. Chi‐square tests and multivariate analysis were carried out. Results:Dental erosion was detected in 196 children (19.9 percent). From this total, 61.8 percent of the lesions were found in the primary dentition and 38.2 percent in the permanent dentition. The palatal surface was the most affected. Higher prevalence was observed in males (P = 0.005). Dental erosion was more prevalent in private school children than in public school children (P = 0.029). Also, dental erosion was prevalent in children from families with higher income (21.3 percent) than in children from low‐income families (13.5 percent) without significant difference (P > 0.05). A higher prevalence of erosion was observed in those children whose parents had a high education level (22.7 percent, P = 0.05). Conclusions: The data suggest a high prevalence of dental erosion across this age span. Dental erosion seems to occur most often in primary dentition of boys who attended private schools and whose mothers have a high educational status.
Ketoconazole in the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy: a pilot study
Authors: Golshahi Azadeh , Klingmüller Dietrich , Holz Frank G. , Eter Nicole 
Published: May 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible effect of systemic ketoconazole on visual acuity (VA) and retinal thickness in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).Methods:  Fifteen consecutive patients were treated with ketoconazole 200 mg/day for a period of 4 weeks. Another 15 patients served as a control group. Baseline examination and review after 4 weeks included VA testing and measurement of neuroretinal or pigment epithelial detachment by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fluorescein angiography was performed to verify the diagnosis.Results:  At baseline, mean VA in Snellen units was 0.6 ± 0.2 (logMAR 0.2 ± 0.7) in the treatment group and 0.7 ± 0.3 (logMAR 0.2 ± 0.5) in the control group. On OCT, mean neuroretinal or pigment epithelial detachment measured 288 ± 163 μm in the ketoconazole group and 225 ± 51 μm in the control group, respectively. Four weeks later, mean VA improved in both groups. On OCT, neuroretinal or pigment epithelial detachment decreased in both the treatment and control groups. The differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions:  Although a pharmacological decrease in endogenous cortisol synthesis appears to be a rational approach in the treatment of CSCR, systemic ketoconazole at 200 mg/day was not associated with a significantly better outcome in this preliminary study.
Ocular findings among young men: a 12‐year prevalence study of military service in Poland
Authors: Nowak Michal S. , Jurowski Piotr , Gos Roman , Smigielski Janusz 
Published: May 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine the prevalence of ocular diseases among young men and to assess the main ocular causes reflecting discharge from military service in Poland.Methods:  A retrospective review of the medical records of 105 017 men undergoing a preliminary examination for military service during the period 1993–2004. Sample size for the study was calculated with 99% confidence within an error margin of 5%. All of the study participants were White men of European origin, most of whom live or lived in Poland. Data regarding the vision status were assessed in 1938 eyes of 969 participants. Two groups were distinguished based on the age of the participants: group I aged 18–24 years, and group II aged 25–34 years.Results:  Presented visual impairment [visual acuity (VA) < 20/40)] followed by colour vision defects were the most common ocular disorders, accounting for 13.2%. There were statistically significant differences in uncorrected VA as well as in the rates of particular refractive errors in between the age groups (p < 0.05). The prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension was significantly higher in older participants. Six hundred and sixty‐seven (68.8%) participants examined medically in the study period were accepted for military service. However, 302 (31.2%) failed their examination and were temporarily or permanently discharged from duty. Fifty‐two of them (17.2%) were discharged because of various ocular disorders. The most common causes were high refractive errors, which accounted for 38.5% of all the ocular discharges, followed by chronic and recurrent diseases of the posterior segment of the eye, which accounted for 19.2%.Conclusion:  The prevalence of ocular disorders among young men in an unselected military population was closer to the results obtained in other population‐based studies comprising both men and women in the same age group. High refractive errors followed by chronic and recurrent diseases of the posterior segment of the eye are important causes of medical discharges from military service in Poland.