bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
uPA and uPAR shRNA inhibit angiogenesis via enhanced secretion of SVEGFR1 independent of GM‐CSF but dependent on TIMP‐1 in endothelial and glioblastoma cells
Authors: Raghu Hari , Nalla Arun Kumar , Gondi Christopher S. , Gujrati Meena , Dinh Dzunh H. , Rao Jasti S. 
Published: December 2011

The uPA/uPAR system is known to play a critical role in angiogenesis of glioblastoma. Previously, we have shown that shRNA against uPA and uPAR attenuates angiogenesis by blocking nuclear translocation of angiogenin, inhibition of angiopoietin/Tie2 signaling, and regulating several other pro‐angiogenic, angiostatic and anti‐angiogenic molecules. Further analysis revealed that GM‐CSF, a pleiotropic cytokine, was significantly inhibited in U87MG and 4910 co‐cultures with endothelial cells transfected with shRNA against uPA and uPAR. The role of the uPA/uPAR system in this process is not completely understood. Analysis of tumor conditioned medium of U87MG, 4910 and HMECs transfected with shRNA against uPA or uPAR alone or in combination (pU2) revealed inhibition of GM‐CSF‐enhanced secretion of SVEGFR1 as shown by Western blotting and ELISA. Moreover, phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT5, the downstream effectors of GM‐CSF signaling, was also inhibited in all three cell lines. Phosphorylation at Tyr 166 position of the GM‐CSFRβ subunit, the signal activating subunit of the GM‐CSF receptor, was inhibited in HMEC, U87MG and 4910 cells. Further analysis revealed that shRNA against uPA and/or uPAR increased secretion of TIMP‐1, which is known to enhance SVEGFR1 secretion in endothelial cells. Moreover, addition of purified uPA (with and without GM‐CSF) activated JAK2/STAT5 signaling in HMEC. Exogenous addition of SVEGFR1 to pU2 tumor conditioned medium enhanced inhibition of VEGF‐induced endothelial capillary tube formation as assessed by an in vitro angiogenesis assay. To determine the significance of these events in vivo, nude mice with pre‐established tumors treated with shRNA against uPA and/or uPAR showed decreased levels of GM‐CSF and increased levels of SVEGFR1 and TIMP‐1 when compared with controls. Enhanced secretion of SVEGFR1 by puPA, puPAR and pU2 in endothelial and GBM cells was mediated indirectly by MMP‐7 and augmented by ectodomain shedding of VEGFr1 by tyrosine phosphorylation at the 1213 position. Taken together, these results suggest that the uPA/uPAR system could prove beneficial as an indirect target for inhibition of angiogenesis in glioblastoma.
Iron requirements based upon iron absorption tests are poorly predicted by haematological indices in patients with inactive inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lomer Miranda C. E. , Cook William B. , Jan-Mohamed Hamid Jan B. , Hutchinson Carol , Liu Ding Yong , Hider Robert C. , Powell Jonathan J. 
Published: December 2011

Fe deficiency and Fe-deficiency anaemia are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Traditional clinical markers of Fe status can be skewed in the presence of inflammation, meaning that a patient's Fe status can be misinterpreted. Additionally, Fe absorption is known to be down-regulated in patients with active IBD. However, whether this is the case for quiescent or mildly active disease has not been formally assessed. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Fe absorption, Fe requirements and standard haematological indices in IBD patients without active disease. A group of twenty-nine patients with quiescent or mildly active IBD and twenty-eight control subjects undertook an Fe absorption test that measured sequential rises in serum Fe over 4 h following ingestion of 200 mg ferrous sulphate. At baseline, serum Fe, transferrin saturation, non-transferrin-bound Fe (NTBI), ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor were all measured. Thereafter (30–240 min), only serum Fe and NTBI were measured. Fe absorption did not differ between the two groups (P = 0·9; repeated-measures ANOVA). In control subjects, baseline haematological parameters predicted Fe absorption (i.e. Fe requirements), but this was not the case for patients with IBD. Fe absorption is normal in quiescent or mildly active IBD patients but standard haematological parameters do not accurately predict Fe requirements.
NOTE ON q-DEDEKIND-TYPE SUMS RELATED TO q-EULER POLYNOMIALS
Authors: KIM TAEKYUN 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRecently, q-Dedekind-type sums related to q-zeta function and basic L-series are studied by Simsek in [13] (Y. Simsek, q-Dedekind type sums related to q-zeta function and basic L-series, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 318 (2006), 333–351) and Dedekind-type sums related to Euler numbers and polynomials are introduced in the previous paper [11] (T. Kim, Note on Dedekind type DC sums, Adv. Stud. Contem. Math. 18 (2009), 249–260). It is the purpose of this paper to construct a p-adic continuous function for an odd prime to contain a p-adic q-analogue of the higher order Dedekind the type sums related to q-Euler polynomials and numbers by using an invariant p-adic q-integrals.
THE DIVISIBILITY OF THE CLASS NUMBER OF THE IMAGINARY QUADRATIC FIELD
Authors: MINHUI ZHU , TINGTING WANG 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLet hK denote the class number of the imaginary quadratic field $K=\mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{2^{2m}-k^n})$, where m and n are positive integers, k is an odd integer with k > 1 and 22m < kn. In this paper we prove that if either 3 ∣ n and 22m − kn ≡ 5(mod 8) or n = 3 and k = (22m+2 −1)/3, then ∣ hK. Otherwise, we have n ∣ hK.
A MEAN VALUE RELATED TO D. H. LEHMER'S PROBLEM AND THE RAMANUJAN'S SUM
Authors: WENPENG ZHANG 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLet q > 1 be an odd integer and c be a fixed integer with (c, q) = 1. For each integer a with 1 ≤ a ≤ q − 1, it is clear that there exists one and only one b with 0 ≤ b ≤ q − 1 such that ab ≡ c (mod q). Let N(c, q) denotes the number of all solutions of the congruence equation ab ≡ c (mod q) for 1 ≤ a, b ≤ q − 1 in which a and b are of opposite parity, where b is defined by the congruence equation bb ≡ 1(modq). The main purpose of this paper is using the mean value theorem of Dirichlet L-functions to study the mean value properties of a summation involving (N(c, q) − φ(q)) and Ramanujan's sum, and give two exact computational formulae.
STABILITY OF GORENSTEIN FLAT MODULES
Authors: BOUCHIBA SAMIR , KHALOUI MOSTAFA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSather-Wagstaff et al. proved in [8] (S. Sather-Wagsta, T. Sharif and D. White, Stability of Gorenstein categories, J. Lond. Math. Soc.(2), 77(2) (2008), 481–502) that iterating the process used to define Gorenstein projective modules exactly leads to the Gorenstein projective modules. Also, they established in [9] (S. Sather-Wagsta, T. Sharif and D. White, AB-contexts and stability for Goren-stein at modules with respect to semi-dualizing modules, Algebra Represent. Theory14(3) (2011), 403–428) a stability of the subcategory of Gorenstein flat modules under a procedure to build R-modules from complete resolutions. In this paper we are concerned with another kind of stability of the class of Gorenstein flat modules via-à-vis the very Gorenstein process used to define Gorenstein flat modules. We settle in affirmative the following natural question in the setting of a left GF-closed ring R: Given an exact sequence of Gorenstein flat R-modules G = ⋅⋅⋅ G2G1G0G−1G−2 ⋅⋅⋅ such that the complex H ⊗RG is exact for each Gorenstein injective right R-module H, is the module M:= Im(G0 → G−1) a Gorenstein flat module?
STABILITY OF GORENSTEIN FLAT CATEGORIES
Authors: YANG GANG , LIU ZHONGKUI 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA left R-module M is called two-degree Gorenstein flat if there exists an exact sequence of Gorenstein flat left R-modules ⋅⋅⋅ → G2 → G1 → G0 → G−1 → G−2 → ⋅⋅⋅ such that M ≅ Ker(G0 → G−1) and it remains exact after applying H ⊗R- for any Gorenstein injective right R-module H. In this paper we first give some characterisations of Gorenstein flat objects in the category of complexes of modules and then use them to show that two notions of the two-degree Gorenstein flat and the Gorenstein flat left R-modules coincide when R is right coherent.
THE COMPLEXITY OF THE EQUIVALENCE PROBLEM OVER FINITE RINGS
Authors: HORVÁTH GÁBOR 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe investigate the complexity of the equivalence problem over a finite ring when the input polynomials are written as sum of monomials. We prove that for a finite ring if the factor by the Jacobson radical can be lifted in the centre, then this problem can be solved in polynomial time. This result provides a step in proving a dichotomy conjecture of Lawrence and Willard (J. Lawrence and R. Willard, The complexity of solving polynomial equations over finite rings (manuscript, 1997)).
INTEGRAL FORMULAE ON QUASI-EINSTEIN MANIFOLDS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: BARROS A. , RIBEIRO E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to extend for the m-quasi-Einstein metrics some integral formulae obtained in [1] (C. Aquino, A. Barros and E. Ribeiro Jr., Some applications of the Hodge-de Rham decomposition to Ricci solitons, Results Math. 60 (2011), 245–254) for Ricci solitons and derive similar results achieved there. Moreover, we shall extend the m-Bakry-Emery Ricci tensor for a vector field X on a Riemannian manifold instead of a gradient field ∇f, in order to obtain some results concerning these manifolds that generalize their correspondents to a gradient field.
Magnetic resonance imaging for Ménière's disease: correlation with tone burst electrocochleography
Authors: Hornibrook J , Coates M , Goh A , Gourley J , Bird P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe newly developed use of magnetic resonance imaging of the human inner ear, on a 3 Tesla scanner with intratympanically administered gadolinium, can now reliably distinguish perilymph from endolymph and visually confirm the presence or absence of endolymphatic hydrops. Transtympanic tone burst electrocochleography is an established, and under-utilised evoked response electrophysiological test for hydrops, but it relies on a symptom score to indicate the likelihood of hydrops being present. The current diagnostic criteria for Ménière's disease make no allowance for any in vivo test, making diagnostic errors likely. In this small pilot study of three patients undergoing tone burst electrocochleography, subsequent magnetic resonance imaging confirmed or excluded the hydrops that the electrocochleography predicted. Magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear is a safe technique that can be performed in conjunction with imaging of the VIIIth cranial nerves. As this report comprised only three patients in a pilot study, rigorous clinical studies are required to define the possible role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of Ménière's disease.
Molecular signatures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during chronic interferon-α treatment: relationship with depression and fatigue
Authors: Felger J. C. , Cole S. W. , Pace T. W. W. , Hu F. , Woolwine B. J. , Doho G. H. , Raison C. L. , Miller A. H. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundInterferon-alpha (IFN-α) treatment for infectious disease and cancer causes high rates of depression and fatigue, and has been used to investigate the impact of inflammatory cytokines on brain and behavior. However, little is known about the transcriptional impact of chronic IFN-α on immune cellsin vivoand its relationship to IFN-α-induced behavioral changes.MethodGenome-wide transcriptional profiling was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 21 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) either awaiting IFN-α therapy (n=10) or at 12 weeks of IFN-α treatment (n=11).ResultsSignificance analysis of microarray data identified 252 up-regulated and 116 down-regulated gene transcripts. Of the up-regulated genes, 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2), a gene linked to chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), was the only gene that was differentially expressed in patients with IFN-α-induced depression/fatigue, and correlated with depression and fatigue scores at 12 weeks (r=0.80,p=0.003 andr=0.70,p=0.017 respectively). Promoter-based bioinformatic analyses linked IFN-α-related transcriptional alterations to transcription factors involved in myeloid differentiation, IFN-α signaling, activator protein-1 (AP1) and cAMP responsive element binding protein/activation transcription factor (CREB/ATF) pathways, which were derived primarily from monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. IFN-α-treated patients with high depression/fatigue scores demonstrated up-regulation of genes bearing promoter motifs for transcription factors involved in myeloid differentiation, IFN-α and AP1 signaling, and reduced prevalence of motifs for CREB/ATF, which has been implicated in major depression.ConclusionsDepression and fatigue during chronic IFN-α administration were associated with alterations in the expression (OAS2) and transcriptional control (CREB/ATF) of genes linked to behavioral disorders including CFS and major depression, further supporting an immune contribution to these diseases.
Refined carbohydrate intake in relation to non-verbal intelligence among Tehrani schoolchildren
Authors: Abargouei Amin Salehi , Kalantari Naser , Omidvar Nasrin , Rashidkhani Bahram , Rad Anahita Houshiar , Ebrahimi Azizeh Afkham , Khosravi-Boroujeni Hossein , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveNutrition has long been considered one of the most important environmental factors affecting human intelligence. Although carbohydrates are the most widely studied nutrient for their possible effects on cognition, limited data are available linking usual refined carbohydrate intake and intelligence. The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between long-term refined carbohydrate intake and non-verbal intelligence among schoolchildren.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTehran, Iran.SubjectsIn this cross-sectional study, 245 students aged 6–7 years were selected from 129 elementary schools in two western regions of Tehran. Anthropometric measurements were carried out. Non-verbal intelligence and refined carbohydrate consumption were determined using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices test and a modified sixty-seven-item FFQ, respectively. Data about potential confounding variables were collected. Linear regression analysis was applied to examine the relationship between non-verbal intelligence scores and refined carbohydrate consumption.ResultsIndividuals in top tertile of refined carbohydrate intake had lower mean non-verbal intelligence scores in the crude model (P < 0·038). This association remained significant after controlling for age, gender, birth date, birth order and breast-feeding pattern (P = 0·045). However, further adjustments for mother's age, mother's education, father's education, parental occupation and BMI made the association statistically non-significant. We found a significant inverse association between refined carbohydrate consumption and non-verbal intelligence scores in regression models (β = −11·359, P < 0·001). This relationship remained significant in multivariate analysis after controlling for potential confounders (β = −8·495, P = 0·038).ConclusionsThe study provides evidence indicating an inverse relationship between refined carbohydrate consumption and non-verbal intelligence among Tehrani children aged 6–7 years. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Escherichia coliO157:H7 in beef cattle: on farm contamination and pre-slaughter control methods
Authors: Soon J. M. , Chadd S. A. , Baines R. N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper addresses food safety in beef cattle production, with particular emphasis on factors that affect the prevalence ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 in beef cattle and on control methods that have been investigated. Product recalls and foodborne diseases due to this organism continue to occur even though control measures have been under investigation for over 20 years. Most meatborne outbreaks are due to improper food handling practices and consumption of undercooked meat. However, the majority of pathogenic bacteria that can spread at slaughter by cross-contamination can be traced back to the farm rather than originating from the slaughter plant. This would ideally require the adoption of rigorous on-farm intervention strategies to mitigate risks at the farm level. On-farm strategies to control and reduceE. coliO157:H7 at the farm level will reduce the risk of carcass contamination at slaughter and processing facilities although they will not eliminateE. coliO157:H7. The most successful strategy for reducing the risk of contamination of beef and beef products will involve the implementation of both pre- and post-harvest measures.
Detection of O antigens inEscherichia coli
Authors: DebRoy Chitrita , Roberts Elisabeth , Fratamico Pina M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLipopolysaccharide on the surface ofEscherichia coliconstitutes the O antigens which are important virulence factors that are targets of both the innate and adaptive immune systems and play a major role in host–pathogen interactions. O antigens are responsible for antigenic specificity of the strain and determine the O serogroup. The designation of O serogroups is important for classifyingE. colistrains, for epidemiological studies, in tracing the source of outbreaks of gastrointestinal or other illness, and for linking the source to the infection. For conventional serogroup identification, serotyping by agglutination reactions against antisera developed for each of the O serogroups has been used. In the last decade, many O-antigen gene clusters that encode for the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of the variable oligosaccharide region on the surface of the bacteria have been sequenced and characterized. Unique gene sequences within the O-antigen gene clusters have been targeted for identification and detection of many O groups using the polymerase chain reaction and microarrays. This review summarizes current knowledge on the DNA sequences of the O-antigen gene clusters, genetic-based methods for O-group determination and detection of pathogenicE. colibased on O-antigen and virulence gene detection, and provides perspectives on future developments in the field.
Normal training response in skeletal muscle of post‐infarction heart failure patients
Authors: Slettaløkken Gunnar , Rehn Tommy A. , Munkvik Morten , Rud Bjarne , Nymark Bernt Sivert , Lunde Per Kristian , Sjaastad Ivar , Sejersted Ole M. , Hallén Jostein 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCongestive heart failure (CHF) patients experience reduced muscle fatigue resistance and exercise capacity. The aim of this study was to assess whether skeletal muscle in CHF patients has a normal training response compared to healthy subjects. We compared the effect of one‐legged knee extensor (1‐KE) endurance training in CHF patients (n=10), patients with coronary artery disease (CAD, n=9) and healthy subjects (n=13). The training response was evaluated by comparing trained leg and control leg after the training period. The fall in peak torque during 75 maximal 1‐KE isokinetic contractions revealed that CHF patients were less fatigue resistant than healthy subjects in the control leg, but not in the trained leg. Peak power and peak oxygen uptake during dynamic 1‐KE exercise was ~10–16% higher in trained leg than control leg. This training response was not significant different between groups. Muscle biopsies of vastus lateralis showed that fibre type composition was not different between trained leg and control leg. Capillary density was 6.5% higher in trained leg than control leg when all groups were pooled. In conclusion, the more fatigable skeletal muscle of CHF patients responds equally to endurance training compared to skeletal muscle of CAD patients and healthy subjects.
Kinematic characteristics of elite men's 50 km race walking
Authors: Hanley Brian , Bissas Athanassios , Drake Andrew 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRace walking is an endurance event which also requires great technical ability, particularly with respect to its two distinguishing rules. The 50 km race walk is the longest event in the athletics programme at the Olympic Games. The aims of this observational study were to identify the important kinematic variables in elite men's 50 km race walking, and to measure variation in those variables at different distances. Thirty men were analysed from video data recorded during a World Race Walking Cup competition. Video data were also recorded at four distances during the European Cup Race Walking and 12 men analysed from these data. Two camcorders (50 Hz) recorded at each race for 3D analysis. The results of this study showed that walking speed was associated with both step length (r=0.54,P=0.002) and cadence (r=0.58,P=0.001). While placing the foot further ahead of the body at heel strike was associated with greater step lengths (r=0.45,P=0.013), it was also negatively associated with cadence (r= −0.62,P<0.001). In the World Cup, knee angles ranged between 175 and 186° at initial contact and between 180 and 195° at midstance. During the European Cup, walking speed decreased significantly (F=9.35,P=0.002), mostly due to a decrease in step length between 38.5 and 48.5 km (t=8.59,P=0.014). From this study, it would appear that the key areas a 50 km race walker must develop and coordinate are step length and cadence, although it is also important to ensure legal walking technique is maintained with the onset of fatigue.
Numerical calculation of spin wave dispersions in magnetic nanostructures
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Dmytriiev Oleksandr , Ponraj Sabareesan , Barman Anjan 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We present the numerical calculations of spin wave dispersions in magnetic nanostructures. The dispersion is obtained by processing the space–time data calculated using the finite difference method based micromagnetic simulations. Various issues related to the calculation of the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform and methods to obtain high-quality dispersion curves are discussed. The spatial profile of the spin wave modes is also presented. The method is validated by applying it to various nanomagnetic systems including magnetic nanostripes, magnetic nanowires and confined thin film elements. Further, we calculate the magnonic dispersions in simple 1D and 2D magnonic crystals based on magnetic anti-dot arrays.