bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled release of ofloxacin from gelatin blended with cloisite 30B
Authors: Sahoo Debasish , Nayak Padma Lochan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGelatin–Cloisite 30B (C 30B) hybrid nano-composites were prepared by blending gelatin with cloisite 30B in aqueous solution. The nano-composites were characterized by using FTIR, SEM and XRD analysis. From the FTIR spectra the various groups present in the gelatin blend were monitored. The homogeneity, morphology and crystallinity of the blends were ascertained from SEM and XRD data, respectively. The results indicate that an intercalated or partially exfoliated nano-composite can be achieved, and the properties of the composite are significantly improved. The drug release kinetics was investigated using ofloxacin as the drug. The kinetics of the drug delivery system was systematically studied. Drug release kinetics was analyzed by plotting the cumulative release data vs. time by fitting to an exponential equation which indicates the non-Fickian type of kinetics. The drug release was investigated at different pH medium and it was found that the drug release depends upon the pH medium as well as the nature of the matrix.
Absorbable anterior cervical plate for corpectomy and fusion in a 2-year-old child with neurofibromatosis
Authors: Lidar Zvi , Constantini Shlomi , Regev Gilad J. , Salame Khalil 
Published: March 2012

Postlaminectomy cervical kyphosis is one of the most challenging entities in spine surgery. Correction of this deformity usually requires anterior fusion with plating and a strut graft or interbody cage and posterior fusion with screws and rods. The situation is more complicated in the young child because fusion may affect future growth of the cervical spine. There is also a paucity of adequate instrumentation for the small bony structures. Some authors have reported utilization of absorbable cervical plates for fusion in pediatric patients with favorable results.
The authors present a modified surgical technique that was used for circumferential fusion in a 2-year-old girl with cervical kyphosis and recurrent neurofibroma. Anterior fusion was performed using an autologous rib graft and an absorbable cervical plate. This was followed by posterior fusion using rib bone and cables. Previous reports on the use of absorbable cervical plates are reviewed and the advantages of the current technique are discussed.
Surgical treatment of thoracic Pott disease in a 3-year-old child, with vertebral column resection and posterior-only circumferential reconstruction of the spinal column
Authors: Rangel-Castilla Leonardo , Hwang Steven W. , Whitehead William E. , Curry Daniel J. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew 
Published: March 2012

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease worldwide that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the spine, also called Pott disease, is the most common site of bony dissemination. Although children are disproportionately affected, spinal TB is nonetheless rare in very young children. Cases involving infants requiring surgical intervention have been previously reported, and they are often associated with greater management challenges given the technical difficulty with instrumentation in very young children.
This case involved a 3-year-old girl with TB centered at T-6, who presented with myelopathy from spinal cord compression and a severe kyphotic deformity (> 60°). She underwent a single-stage costotransversectomy for vertebral column resection, followed by reconstruction with an anterior expandable titanium cage and posterior pedicle screw instrumentation. At last follow-up, the patient was clinically and radiographically stable.
The authors report on the youngest patient with spinal TB treated surgically with this strategy and review the literature regarding prior cases involving young children. Although limited by the paucity of cases in the literature, surgical debridement and spinal fusion appear to provide a safe alternative to prolonged bed rest or casting and may offer additional benefits of a faster recovery and ambulation.
Stereotactic endoscopic resection and surgical management of a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
Authors: Rodgers Shaun D. , Bassani Luigi , Weiner Howard L. , Harter David H. 
Published: March 2012

Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are benign tumors, most commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Arising from the lateral ependymal surface, these tumors may obstruct one or both foramina of Monro, resulting in hydrocephalus and often requiring treatment. Although interhemispheric-transcallosal and transcortical-transventricular approaches have been the standard methods for resecting these tumors, advances in neuroendoscopic techniques have expanded SEGAs as a potential target for endoscopic resection.
The authors present a case of an endoscopically resected SEGA with stereotactic guidance in a 4-year-old girl with TSC. A gross-total resection of an enlarging SEGA was achieved. This represents one of the early case reports of endoscopically resected SEGAs. Although recent advances in medical treatment for SEGAs with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway inhibitors have shown promising initial results, the long-term safety and efficacy of mTOR inhibitors has yet to be determined. The propensity of these tumors to cause obstructive hydrocephalus requires that a surgical option remain. Neuroendoscopic approaches may allow a safe and effective technique.
Cerebrospinal fluid shunting and hearing loss in patients treated for medulloblastoma
Authors: Guillaume Daniel J. , Knight Kristin , Marquez Carol , Kraemer Dale F. , Bardo Dianna M. E. , Neuwelt Edward A. 
Published: March 2012

Object
Cerebrospinal fluid shunting has previously been associated with hearing loss. Although the mechanism for this is unclear, it is thought that changes in CSF pressure can affect cochlear physiology via endolymph expansion in the setting of a patent cochlear aqueduct. Patients undergoing radiation and cisplatin chemotherapy are at risk for hearing loss. The authors hypothesized that the incidence and severity of hearing loss in patients undergoing radiation and chemotherapy for medulloblastoma would be greater in those with shunts than in those without shunts.

Methods
Baseline and longitudinal audiology data were collected in 33 patients with medulloblastoma who were receiving radiation and cisplatin chemotherapy. Additional data included age, sex, details of shunt placement and revision, and details of chemotherapy and radiation. Hearing sensitivity and peripheral auditory function measures included pure tone audiometry, immittance audiometry, and distortion product evoked otoacoustic emissions. Ototoxicity was determined according to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association criteria. Severity of hearing loss was determined using the Brock hearing loss grades. Incidence of hearing loss and association with shunting was determined.

Results
Thirteen (39.4%) of the 33 patients evaluated had undergone shunt placement. Hearing loss occurred in 14 (70%) of 20 patients without shunts and in 13 (100%) of 13 patients with shunts. The difference between the rates of hearing loss in patients with shunts versus those without the devices was highly significant (p = 0.0008). The odds ratio for hearing loss in patients with a CSF shunt compared with those without a shunt was 23.49 (95% CI 4.21–131.15). Age, side of shunt, evidence of dissemination, diameter of cochlear aqueduct, and treatment protocol did not have a significant effect on shunt-related ototoxicity.

Conclusions
This study suggests an independent association between CSF shunting and hearing loss in children undergoing treatment for medulloblastoma, laying the foundation for a prospective study evaluating hearing loss in children with shunts who are not treated with ototoxic therapy.
Improved survival following cerebral edema using a novel hollow fiber-hydrogel device
Authors: McBride Devin W. , Hsu Mike S. , Rodgers Victor G. J. , Binder Devin K. 
Published: March 2012

Object
Cerebral edema is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in many disease states. Current therapies of cerebral edema are often ineffective in treating severe edema. Here, the authors develop a hollow fiber-hydrogel device (HFHD) for direct surface contact–based treatment of severe cerebral edema.

Methods
Brain edema was induced in adult mice via water intoxication by intraperitoneal water administration (30% body weight). Control mice received no treatment. A distinct group of mice was treated with craniectomy but no device application (craniectomy only). A third experimental group was treated with craniectomy and HFHD application. The HFHD contained a lumen solution of 350 g/L bovine serum albumin in room-temperature artificial CSF at pH 7.4. Survival and brain water content were assessed as end points.

Results
Craniectomy and application of the HFHD enhanced survival in animals with severe cerebral edema. Animals treated with a craniectomy and HFHD (n = 5) survived up to 5 hours longer than animals treated with craniectomy only (n = 5) (p < 0.001) or no treatment (n = 5) (p < 0.001). Animals treated with craniectomy and HFHD (n = 5) had a survival rate of 80% within the observation period (360 minutes), whereas no animal treated with craniectomy only (n = 5) or no treatment (n = 5) survived longer than 50 and 33 minutes, respectively. Statistical significance was observed for the survival rate between the animals treated with a craniectomy + HFHD (n = 5) versus those treated with craniectomy only (n = 5) (p < 0.001), and craniectomy + HFHD versus no treatment (n = 5) (p < 0.001). Histological analysis demonstrated no significant cell loss in the cortex subjacent to HFHD application.

Conclusions
Here, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of their HFHD to treat cerebral edema in this model. These results indicate that controlled water extraction from edematous brain tissue can be performed and can lead to increased survival compared with craniectomy only. Further studies remain to be performed to further optimize the HFHD and to test it in more clinically relevant models, such as traumatic brain injury.
The effects of carpentry on heterotopic ossification and mobility in cervical arthroplasty: determination by computed tomography with a minimum 2-year follow-up
Authors: Tu Tsung-Hsi , Wu Jau-Ching , Huang Wen-Cheng , Wu Ching-Lan , Ko Chin-Chu , Cheng Henrich 
Published: March 2012

Object
Heterotopic ossification (HO) after cervical arthroplasty can limit the mobility of an artificial disc. In this study the authors used CT scanning to assess the formation of HO with the goal of investigating the correlation between the carpentry of arthroplasty, formation of HO, mobility, and clinical outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective review of medical records, radiological studies, and clinical evaluations was conducted for consecutive patients who underwent 1- or 2-level cervical arthroplasty with the Bryan disc. The patients underwent follow-up for more than 24 months. The formation of HO was assessed using CT scanning as the final determination. The perfectness of carpentry for each arthroplasty level was scrutinized using criteria composed of 2 parameters (postoperative shell kyphosis and inadequate endplate coverage). Levels were divided into the optimal carpentry group and the suboptimal carpentry group. Radiographic and clinical outcomes, including the visual analog scale and neck disability index, were compared between the groups.

Results
A total of 107 levels of Bryan discs were placed in 75 patients (mean age 46.71 ± 9.94 years) and were analyzed. There was a male predominance of 68.0% (51 men), and the mean follow-up duration was 38.56 ± 9.66 months. Heterotopic ossification was identified in 60 levels (56.1%) by CT scanning. Most cases of HO were low grade and did not correlate with the limitation in the segmental motion of the arthroplasty device. There were no significant differences in terms of age, sex, and number of arthroplasty levels between the optimal and the suboptimal carpentry groups. However, the suboptimal carpentry group had significantly more high-grade HO (≥ Grade 2) than the optimal carpentry group (13 levels [12.1%] vs 7 levels [6.5%], p = 0.027). There were also more immobile (range of motion < 3°) artificial discs in the suboptimal carpentry group than the optimal carpentry group (11 levels [10.3%] vs 4 levels [3.7%], p = 0.010). The clinical outcomes (neck and arm visual analog scale scores and Neck Disability Index) in both groups were similarly good.

Conclusions
Shell kyphosis and inadequate endplate coverage have adverse effects on the formation of HO and segmental mobility after cervical arthroplasty with the Bryan artificial disc. Appropriate carpentry is the more important factor in determining the maintenance of segmental motion. Although the midterm clinical outcome remained similarly good regardless of HO, the carpentry of cervical arthroplasty should not be overlooked. Further studies are needed to clarify the etiology of HO.
Bio-efficacy of Acetochlor 50% EC against Weed Suppression in
Authors: Mamun MAA , Mridha AJ , Akter A , Parvez A 
Published: March 2012

Field experiments were conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur in Aus, 2010 and BRRI Rangpur, during Boro 2011 to evaluate the performance of Acetochlor 50% EC for weed suppression, to find out an appropriate dose of the herbicide and its impacts on transplanted rice. Acetochlor 50%EC @ 200, 250 and 300 ml ha-1 were applied. Pretilachlor 50% EC @ 1L ha-1, weed free and unweeded control was used for comparison. The most dominant weeds were Cyperus diffornis, Monochoria vaginalis and Echinochloa crus-galli in year 1 and Cyperus diffornis and Echinochloa crus-galli in year 2. Cyperus diffornis was at the higher rank of dominant in both years. Application of Acetochlor 50%EC @ 250 ml gave more than 80% weed control efficiency, lower number and dry weight of weeds which ultimately resulted in higher yield attributes and grain yield of transplanted rice that were comparable to the standard in both seasons.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10137 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 73-77, 2011
Integrated Farming System: Prospects in Bangladesh
Authors: Al Mamun Shamim , Nasrat Fouzia , Debi Momota Rani 
Published: March 2012

Farmers of Bangladesh generally practice subsistence farming where they need to produce a continuous, reliable and balanced supply of foods, as well as cash for basic needs and recurrent farm expenditure. Therefore, there is a need to develop suitable integrated farming systems for such farmers since single crop production enterprises are subject to a high degree of risk and uncertainty because of seasonal, irregular and uncertain income and employment to the farmers. Integrated Farming System (IFS) can eradicate all these constraints by not only solving most of the existing economic and even ecological problems, but also provide other household needs like fuel, fertilizer and feed, besides increasing productivity of the farm manifold.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10161 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 127-136, 2011
Effect of Urea Super Granule on Growth and Yield of Wheat
Authors: Islam MS , Biswas GC , Karmoker MC , Suem MA 
Published: March 2012

A field experiment was carried out at Agronomy Field, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from November 2009 to March 2010 with a view to finding out the effect of appropriate dose of USG on growth and yield of wheat. Six levels of nitrogen (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) were applied as treatments for growth and yield of wheat var. Bijoy for this study. Among the application of USG, treatment T5 produced the superior results on morpho-physiological and growth characters of wheat except number of non sterile spikelet where USG treatment T2 performs the best (1.82). As results, T5 produced the highest plant height (95.77 cm), number of total tiller hill-1 (4.96), no. of effective tiller (4.13), no of non effective tiller (1.00), number of total spikelet (20.22), no of spikelet spile-1 (10.92), sterile spieklet (18.70), no of grains spike-1 (46.27), 1000-grain yield (51.39 g), grain yield (2.42 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.06 tha-1).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10164 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 143-146, 2011
Type 1 Diabetes-Associated IL2RA Variation Lowers IL-2 Signaling and Contributes to Diminished CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Function
Authors: Garg Garima , Tyler Jennifer R. , Yang Jennie H. M. , Cutler Antony J. , Downes Kate , Pekalski Marcin , Bell Gwynneth L. , Nutland Sarah , Peakman Mark , Todd John A. , Wicker Linda S. , Tree Timothy I. M. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Numerous reports have demonstrated that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) from individuals with a range of human autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, are deficient in their ability to control autologous proinflammatory responses when compared with nondiseased, control individuals. Treg dysfunction could be a primary, causal event or may result from perturbations in the immune system during disease development. Polymorphisms in genes associated with Treg function, such as IL2RA, confer a higher risk of autoimmune disease. Although this suggests a primary role for defective Tregs in autoimmunity, a link between IL2RA gene polymorphisms and Treg function has not been examined. We addressed this by examining the impact of an IL2RA haplotype associated with type 1 diabetes on Treg fitness and suppressive function. Studies were conducted using healthy human subjects to avoid any confounding effects of disease. We demonstrated that the presence of an autoimmune disease-associated IL2RA haplotype correlates with diminished IL-2 responsiveness in Ag-experienced CD4+ T cells, as measured by phosphorylation of STAT5a, and is associated with lower levels of FOXP3 expression by Tregs and a reduction in their ability to suppress proliferation of autologous effector T cells. These data offer a rationale that contributes to the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which polymorphisms in the IL-2RA gene affect immune regulation, and consequently upon susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Expression of Functional P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1 on Hematopoietic Progenitors Is Developmentally Regulated
Authors: Sultana Dil Afroz , Zhang Shirley L. , Todd Sarah P. , Bhandoola Avinash 
Published: March 2012

AbstractT cell development requires periodic importation of hematopoietic progenitors into the thymus. The receptor-ligand pair P-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) are critically involved in this process. In this study, we examined the expression of functional PSGL-1 on bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors. We demonstrate that functional PSGL-1 is expressed at low levels on hematopoietic stem cells, but upregulated on the cell surface of progenitors that bear other homing molecules known to be important for thymic settling. We found that progenitors able to home to the thymus expressed high levels of PSGL-1 transcripts compared with hematopoietic stem cells. We further demonstrate that hematopoietic progenitors lacking fucosyltransferase 4 and 7 do not express functional PSGL-1, and do not home efficiently to the thymus. These studies provide insight into the developmentally regulated expression of a critical determinant involved in progenitor homing to the thymus.
APCI1307K Mutations and Forkhead Box Gene (FOXO1A): Another Piece of an Interesting Correlation
Authors: Agostini Marco , Bedin Chiara , Pucciarelli Salvatore , Enzo Mariavittoria , Briarava Marta , Seraglia Roberta , Ragazzi Eugenio , Traldi Pietro , Molin Laura , Urso Emanuele Damiano , Mammi Isabella , Viel Alessandra , Lise Mario , Tasciotti Ennio , Biasiolo Alessandra , Pontisso Patrizia , Nitti Donato 
Published: March 2012

Purpose Germline nonsense and frameshift mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are found in approximately 90% of individuals affected by familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and a genotype-phenotype relationship has been observed. Missense mutations have also been found in a few cases, even if their role in FAP is still unknown. An association between a missense mutation, APC I1307K, and the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported. In order to improve the knowledge about the genetic effect of APC I1307K on the phenotype, we tried a new approach using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI/MS). Experimental design An APC mutation (I1307K) was found in an index case of a non-Jewish woman and her son with attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (A-FAP) and no family history of cancer. In order to evaluate whether the presence and abundance of the ionic species are related to the presence of cancer or the presence of mutation, comparative analyses of 11 healthy clean-colon subjects, 59 patients with CRC (stage II n=19, stage III n=23, stage IV n=17) without polyps, and 9 FAP patients, carriers of a nonsense mutation in the APC gene, were evaluated. Results Comparative analysis of serum protein profiles of the index patient and her healthy son, FAP and sporadic CRC patients, and subjects with preneoplastic lesions showed a characteristic abundance of ionic species at m/z 905, which was not present in healthy controls. Two peptides were identified from MALDI/MS/MS spectra of m/z 905 belonging to the kininogen-1 precursor and the human forkhead box protein 01A (FOXO1A). FOXO1A was present in only two subjects carrying I1307K, but not in other patients. Conclusions Our findings seem to suggest a relationship between m/z 905, FOXO1A and the development and growth of colorectal cancer. FOXO1A fragment determination in serum with MALDI/MS might be a promising approach for early detection of colon carcinoma or for the development of targeted therapies.
Morteros a base de vidrio de desecho/escoria de alto horno; activación mecanoquímica del vidrio en soluciones alcalinas.
Authors: Espinoza Lester J , Escalante García Ivan 
Published: March 2012

Se investigaron cementos compósitos de escoria de alto horno (EAH) y vidrio de desecho (VD). Una fracción del VD se sometió a tratamientos de activación mecanoquímica (AMQ) para solubilizar SiO4 en una solución alcalina, para obtener soluciones de silicato de sodio (SS) con módulo de sílice mayor que cero y favorecer el desarrollo de resistencia a la compresión. Con las soluciones obtenidas mediante AMQ se prepararon compósitos con 0, 25, 50, 75 y 100% VD como cementante, y como referencia se utilizaron cementos 100%EAH con activación alcalina convencional. La resistencia a la compresión de estos últimos disminuyó al aumentar el contenido de Na2O y disminuyó con el curado a 60°C. En contraste, los cementos 100%VD requirieron condiciones químicamente más agresivas (12%Na2O y curado a 60°C) para obtener buenas propiedades mecánicas. Los cementos compósitos con 25 y 50%VD requirieron condiciones de activación similares a los cementos 100%EAH, mientras que aquellos con 75%VD requirieron condiciones de activación similares a los cementos 100%VD. Palabras claves: vidrio de desecho, escoria de alto horno, activación mecanoquímicaDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v24i2.657
El producto distribucional de (fórmula)
Authors: Aguirre Manuel , García Marta 
Published: March 2012

En este artículo se le da un sentido al producto distribucional entre (formula) y (formula) usando la transformada de Fouriere de Como consecuencia se obtienen este producto multiplicativo por medio de una serie de derivadas de la delta de Dirac en En particular se obtiene el producto multiplicativo (formula) (ver fórmula (21))Palabras claves: Distribuciones, producto de distribuciones, delta de Dirac.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v24i2.661