bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge management and organizational performance: a decomposed view
Authors: Mills Annette M. , Smith Trevor A. 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of specific knowledge management resources (i.e. knowledge management enablers and processes) on organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses survey data from 189 managers and structural equation modeling to assess the links between specific knowledge management resources and organizational performance.FindingsThe results show that some knowledge resources (e.g. organizational structure, knowledge application) are directly related to organizational performance, while others (e.g. technology, knowledge conversion), though important preconditions for knowledge management, are not directly related to organizational performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe survey findings were based on a single dataset, so the same observations may not apply to other settings. The survey also did not provide in‐depth insight into the key capabilities of individual firms and the circumstances under which some resources are directly related to organizational performance.Practical implicationsThe study provides evidence linking particular knowledge resources to organizational performance. Such insights can help firms better target their investments and enhance the success of their knowledge management initiatives.Originality/valuePrior research often utilizes composite measures when examining the knowledge management‐organizational performance link. This bundling of the dimensions of knowledge management allows managers and researchers to focus on main effects but leaves little room for understanding how particular resources relate to organizational performance. This study addresses this gap by assessing the links between specific knowledge management resources and organizational performance. The results show that some resources are directly related to organizational performance, while others are not.
Foresight on the future of public research metrology in Europe
Authors: Barker Katharine E. , Cox Deborah , Sveinsdottir Thordis 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to describe and evaluate the use of a five‐step foresight process and the application of scenario methods to grasp the range of future alternatives that might confront researchers and research managers in European metrology research institutes. The sector is to be examined as a part of a larger study that aims to reflect on the potential future roles for the public research institutes, in several sectors (the other sectors in the study included civil space, plant science, geosurveys, and marine), towards the development of the European Research Area (ERA).Design/methodology/approachThe paper illustrates how scenario methods were used to, first, serve as a basis for policy recommendations for the field of European metrology research institutes and, second, help experts and stakeholders to network and actively discuss a shared vision of the future of the field.FindingsThis case demonstrates the need for proactive strategic management which goes well beyond the institutional boundary, into national policy and European decision making. As other areas of European research begin to think about the importance of European cooperation, lessons can be drawn from the experience of this particular sector. The process of looking forward took on board the political context and allowed participants and the researchers to think beyond these boundaries.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this is a pioneering study, there is a danger that some inputs may not have been captured. The results build on the input of a limited number of experts only and on the literature available in the public domain. There were few participants discussing the future of a vast field of research and this may mean that important input has not been captured. Time limitations in the workshops necessarily limit the scope for experts and policy makers to engage with the concepts. Follow‐up activities based on the research outputs are required for the findings to go forward.Practical implicationsBringing together different stakeholders for shaping a shared vision through scenario workshops led to rich interactions and creative thinking. The workshops created a space for experts to consider policy options for reforming and making better use of the institutes in building the ERA.Originality/valueUsing scenario workshops for foresight research results as an opportunity for stakeholders to visualise different futures for metrology research within Europe. The public research institute sector tends to be more generally under‐studied as a component of modern innovation systems. We evaluate and show that the foresight process is an appropriate methodology to look at what is inherently a political process at the implementation level.
Technology and our epistemic situation: what ought our priorities to be?
Authors: Verdoux Philippe 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to argue that there are two distinct problems of ignorance: a problem of size and a problem of type. Both are more pressing today than ever before, given the extraordinary expansion of collective human knowledge, and both pertain to epistemic limitations intrinsic to evolved cognitive systems. After delineating these problems in detail, one possible way of overcoming “relative” and “absolute” ignorance about the universe – enhancement technologies – is to be examined. The paper then aims to argue that, given one's epistemic situation, resources currently being spent on normal research would be far better spent on developing cognition‐enhancing technologies – technologies that promise to help solve the size and type problems previously sketched.Design/methodology/approachThe paper identifies two important limitations on human knowledge, one deriving from the size or complexity of certain problems and the other from one's inability to access specific concepts necessary to understand them. It suggests that cognitive enhancements offer the best chance at overcoming these two limitations.FindingsThere are both strong practical and moral reasons for diverting more resources into the development of cognitive enhancement technologies.Originality/valueNo author has yet elaborated on the distinction, which is taken to be important, between the problems of “size” and “type.” Furthermore, no author has yet explored how cognitive enhancements may address the problem that Colin McGinn calls “cognitive closure” (the problem of type). Thus, cognitive enhancements may offer the only possibility of solving conundrums like conscious experience and free will.
Managerial foresight: measurement scale and estimation
Authors: Amsteus Martin 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to develop and assess an instrument measuring managerial foresight.Design/methodology/approachThe paper outlines the construction and estimation of the instrument through a seven‐step process. A total of 57 preliminary Likert items were developed based on an extant review and synthesis of definitions of foresight. The items were assessed through interviews and pre‐testing. A preliminary instrument was administered to a selection of managers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to assess sub‐scales and model fit. The instrument was evaluated in terms of reliability and validity.FindingsThe study demonstrates a valid and reliable 12 Likert item scale for measuring managerial foresight.Research limitations/implicationsManagerial foresight can now be assessed and tested for association with, for example, managerial or organizational performance variables.Practical implicationsManagers can now be assessed and compared in terms of foresight.Originality/valueIn developing and estimating an instrument for measuring managerial foresight, the paper advances foresight into a quantitatively measurable concept.
Micro‐businesses need support: survival precedes sustainability
Authors: Helen Samujh R. 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish the role of micro‐businesses in providing a sustainable business and community environment, and to share the perceptions of micro‐business operators about the support they need to survive and be successful.Design/methodology/approachAn examination of literature regarding survival and available support for small businesses is followed by results from a New Zealand‐based empirical study of micro‐business operators.FindingsMicro‐businesses are the dominant form of business organisation and have an important role in maintaining a stable and sustainable global environment. Although such businesses owners tend not to have a formal education in business or engage with external support agencies, they need support from community‐based networks. These networks could reduce the sense of isolation, whilst at the same time providing an opportunity for sharing experiences, in particular about problems encountered.Research limitations/implicationsImplications for other jurisdictions may be limited as micro‐business operators in New Zealand are relatively highly educated and the sample numbers are small (19 in‐depth interviews and 91 questionnaire respondents).Practical implicationsThere is a need for psychological support for micro‐business operators. Actions taken to increase their probability of survival and success are likely to enhance their interest in other aspects of the environment.Originality/valueThis paper helps to fill a gap in the small business literature on the behaviour and perceptions of micro‐business operators. The paper presents original research on the psychological aspects that impinge on the business activities through surveys of micro‐business operators.
Firm value and ownership structure in the Spanish capital market
Authors: García‐Meca Emma , Pedro Sánchez‐Ballesta Juan 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effects on Tobin's Q of various dimensions of the Spanish ownership structure likely to represent conflicting interests: ownership concentration, insider ownership and bank ownership.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of firms is drawn from the population of Spanish non‐financial firms listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange during 1999‐2002. This paper uses data that have both cross‐sectional and time variation, which allows us to control for unobservable firm heterogeneity and obtain consistent estimates of the coefficients.FindingsContrary to most previous evidence, the results show that the main ownership structure mechanism that affects firm value is ownership concentration. The findings suggest that ownership concentration appears to influence firm value favourably, but at high levels a detrimental effect causes market valuation to be negatively affected by high levels of large shareholder ownership. These findings, which are different from the linear or non‐significant relationships found in other countries, can be explained by the differences in corporate governance systems.Practical implicationsThe evidence indicates that controlling owners tend to misuse their dominant position at high levels of concentration and to make decisions that destroy market value. The findings also highlight the necessity of alternative corporate governance mechanisms that lead Spanish firms to lower their agency costs and to maximise their market value when blockholders' and minority shareholders' interests do not converge.Originality/valueThe study builds on prior research in several ways. First, the paper offers new insights into the relationship between corporate governance and economic performance by using data from Spanish listed firms. Second, the study focuses on three dimensions: ownership concentration, insider ownership, and bank ownership, which allow one to get a more accurate picture of the ownership structure‐firm value relation. Finally, the study controls for unobservable firm effects by applying the econometrics of panel data.
Corporate governance, restricted stock awards, and IRC Section 83(b) election
Authors: Dorata Nina , Petra Steven 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThis study sets out to examine whether CEOs who hold the dual position of chairperson of the board exert increased influence over the board, resulting in compensation contracts more favorable to the CEO than to the firm.Design/methodology/approachCorrelation analysis is used to test the association between the dependent variable and the independent variables. Logistic regression is used to predict the probability of permitting Section 83(b) election in the context of CEO duality, CEO tenure, tax‐paying status and size of the firm.FindingsThe results show that the presence of CEO duality does not influence the likelihood of permitting a Section 83(b) election. However, the tenure of the CEO significantly increases the likelihood of permitting a Section 83(b) election.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited in the sense that it only examines the year 2004 and the results may be unique to that year. An extension of this study to include additional years of observations is warranted.Practical implicationsShareholder concerns about CEO duality appear to be unfounded. However, shareholders may consider limiting CEO tenure to lessen the likelihood of CEOs acting in their own best interest at the expense of the firm.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by finding that attributes of the CEO may influence the form of equity compensation that is awarded to the CEO. These attributes may serve the self‐interest of the CEO and not enhance firm value to the shareholder.
The good company
Authors: O'Boyle Edward J. , Solari Stefano , Demetrio Marangoni Gian 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the argument that in principle any company can become a good company by adopting certain characteristics which define the good in enterprise affairs and affirm and reinforce everyone with a stake in the company – managers, workers, suppliers, customers, and communities where it operates – in addition to its owners.Design/methodology/approachTo identify the characteristics of the good company the paper turns to Catholic social teaching, with its traditional emphasis on the importance of practising virtue in worldly affairs. In this regard, the paper relies heavily on the writings and public statements of Pope John Paul II, who addressed these matters with great clarity and insight.FindingsIn its research the paper finds eight characteristics by which the good company can be identified and which, if embraced by the leadership of a willing and committed enterprise, can help to transform it into a good company. Each of the eight is addressed in some detail.Originality/valueThe paper examines a vast body of writings that, according to Catholic social teaching, identify the good in enterprise affairs. One of the eight characteristics, personalist capital, advances the proposal that the good company routinely maximizes virtue among its stakeholders and thereby enhances its own profitability because the virtuous person is the more effective economic agent.
New perspective for the management of M&A process: a merger case of a Japanese pharmaceutical company
Authors: Shibayama Sotaro , Tanikawa Kunihiro , Kimura Hiromichi 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a new perspective for effective management of the merger and acquisition (M&A) process by making use of a case study of a merger in the Japanese pharmaceutical industry. As corporate governance and culture are notably employee‐oriented in Japanese firms, the paper seeks to explore whether M&As in the industry may follow different paths from those in Western companies and lead to competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the case of a merger of a Japanese pharmaceutical company, Astellas Pharma, which was formed as a result of one of the largest M&As in Japanese M&A history. The case is analyzed in line with previous theories on M&A process management.FindingsThe case was characterized by a strong momentum created by a core merger team consisting of a few members of management and workforce representatives, and the merger process was facilitated by both top‐down leadership and ground‐level support from the workforce. While broad engagement and non‐rapid rationalization of the workforce can slow the execution of the merger process and delay efficiency savings, it can also consistently drive the merger process and place the merged firm on a solid foundation with strong commitment from all levels.Originality/valueThis study suggests a new mode of the M&A process by focusing on a particular merger case of a Japanese pharmaceutical company. The mechanisms observed in the case should be applied with appropriate modifications to the M&As of Western companies.
The Equator Principles: a promise in progress?
Authors: Schepers Donald H. 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the legitimacy of the Equator Principles as a form of private governance of the investment banking industry.Design/methodology/approachThe project finance industry is first described, followed by a consideration of the theories of private governance and legitimacy. The governance of project finance by the Equator Principles is then examined against the backdrop of private governance and legitimacy theory. Cases regarding project finance and the Equator Principles are discussed.FindingsThe moral legitimacy of the governance of the Equator Principles is highly questionable, a serious issue for private governance schemes. There are large gaps in the governance structure, and the processes and content of much of the Principles are left to each bank, with little mandated transparency or accountability, particularly at the level of individual deals.Practical implicationsThe Equator Principles have legitimacy problems arising from their governance structure. These issues are examined at some length, and specific suggestions are offered for repairing certain of the flaws in the system.Originality/valuePrivate governance is increasingly important in international arenas, attempting to enforce standards that individual governments often leave to the private sector. This paper examines the legitimacy and governance issues in one system, and makes recommendations to increase the value and structure of the Equator Principles.
Universal standards in CSR: are we prepared?
Authors: Adeyeye Adefolake 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine in detail the positive and negative aspects of selected soft law initiatives and the relevance of hard laws in the pursuit of corporate social responsibility (CSR).Design/methodology/approachSoft law initiatives are categorized into company codes, industry‐initiated codes, and general codes in order to determine more accurately the effectiveness of the codes in enforcing CSR standards. A number of factors relevant in determining the effectiveness of such codes are identified and applied. Partnerships between soft law initiatives and hard laws are illustrated.FindingsSoft law initiatives are necessary tools in CSR. However, transparency, implementation, monitoring and compliance mechanisms are core areas in which the effectiveness of the initiatives needs improvement. Categorizing the initiatives helps to identify specific areas needed for improving effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe initiatives examined are limited to those relevant for human rights, the environment and anti‐corruption. The paper selects a number of relevant initiatives and does not attempt to examine all initiatives in these sectors. The reference to hard laws focuses on anti‐bribery laws.Practical implicationsThe paper provides useful information on improving the effectiveness of soft law initiatives, which are the current modes for enforcement of CSR; the relevance of hard laws in CSR; and the role of NGOs in ensuring CSR.Originality/valueThe paper identifies the evolution of universal standards in CSR and calls for a universal approach which aims to address the need for adequate and effective enforcement.
Environmental scan: influence on strategic direction
Authors: Chrusciel Donald 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer the environmental scan as a valued tool for the facilities management (FM) operation to assist in determining strategic direction.Design/methodology/approachAfter defining the environmental scan, its usefulness is explored from the perspective of a single case study public institution FM organisation. Once the information is captured, the potential analysis and value is discussed.FindingsThe environmental scan is seen as a valuable tool in the FM organisation to solicit input from both the institution's administration and the customer community leaders. Through this analysis, the FM organisation can refine its strategic direction by determining what it is doing well, what it should investigate doing, and what it should consider to stop doing.Research limitations/implicationsThe single case study does raise the issue of generalisability. However, given the nature of what can be gained from qualitative research, the reader is cautioned to take into account appropriate logic and environmental factors when considering transferability.Practical implicationsThe findings from the FM environmental scan serves to not only aid in determining strategic direction but can also assist the FM organisation in demonstrating the value of the services provided. It helps to identify what the organisation should stop doing, do better, and begin to do for its customers.Originality/valueThe introduction and use of the environmental scan instrument followed with appropriate analysis provides the FM organisation with a method to solicit critical input from customers to aid in strategic planning and demonstrate value of services.
Developing a fuzzy risk assessment model for guaranteed maximum price and target cost contracts in construction
Authors: Chan Joseph H.L. , Chan Daniel W.M. , Chan Albert P.C. , Lam Patrick T.I. , Yeung John F.Y. 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a fuzzy risk assessment model for construction projects procured with target cost contracts (TCC) and guaranteed maximum price (GMP) contracts using factor analysis (FA) and fuzzy synthetic evaluation method, based on an empirical questionnaire survey with relevant industrial practitioners in Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approachA total of 34 key risk factors (RFs) inherent with TCC/GMP contracts were identified through an extensive literature review and a series of structured interviews. A questionnaire survey was then launched to solicit the opinions of industrial practitioners on risk assessment of such RFs.FindingsThe most important 17 principal RFs after the calculation of normalised values were selected for undertaking FA. Five principal risk groups (PRGs) were then generated in descending order of importance as: design risks, pre‐contract risks, economic and financial risks, lack of experience in TCC/GMP procurement process and post‐contract risks. These survey findings also reveal that design risks may be the major hurdle to the success of TCC/GMP projects in Hong Kong.Originality/valueAn overall risk index (ORI) associated with TCC/GMP construction projects and the risk indices of individual PRGs can be generated from the model for reference. An objective and reliable assessment can be achieved. The model provides a solid platform to measure, evaluate and reduce the risk levels of TCC/GMP projects based on objective evidence instead of subjective judgments. The research methodology could be replicated in other countries or regions to produce similar models for international comparisons and the assessment of risk levels for different types of TCC/GMP projects worldwide.