bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the pharmacological activities of Aloe perryi–Silver nanoparticles induced apoptosis against colon cancer cells (HCT‐116)
Authors: Hotan Omar , Alhaj Ali , Al‐quhaim Abdulghfor , Alburaihi Khaled , Ahmed Yahya , Munasser Qassem , Dhufer Saleh Bin , Nasran Tammam , Gabir Mohammed , Ebrahim Akram , Obadi Mohammed , Hadi Maryam , Al‐baity Hanefa , Ba‐Nafea Abdulmalek , Qaed Eskandar , Zaky Mohamed Y. , Okba Mohammed , Al‐Nasi Abdullah , Almoiliqy Marwan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAloe perryi has been studied and possesses several activities, including antibacterial, antiparasitic, and anticancer properties. In this study, A. perryi was used as a reducing agent of silver ions into silver nanoparticles. Aloe perryi–silver nanoparticles (APS‐NPs) were characterized and evaluated using characterization techniques. However, the antioxidative, antibacterial, and anticancer assays were studied to evaluate the pharmacological activities of APS‐NPs. APS‐NPs were developed and changed to dark brown and the maximum absorption was 442 nm. SEM (5–583 nm), TEM (4–110 nm), XRD (21.84 nm), and zeta potential analysis (63.39 nm) revealed that the APS‐NPs were nano‐sized, and the APS‐NPs had a cubic crystalline structure, according to the XRD results. FTIR analysis suggested that functional groups of A. perryi metabolites were involved in forming APS‐NPs. The zeta potential indicated that the APS‐NPs were negatively charged (−32 mV), suggesting good stability. APS‐NPs showed significant antioxidative stress activity by reducing DPPH‐free radicles in a dose‐dependent manner. APS‐NPs‐induced antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). APS‐NPs reduced the cell viability and cell migration of the human colon tumor cell line (HCT 116) compared with controls, indicating that APS‐NPs could play a role in reducing metastasis and inducing cell apoptosis against colon cancer. In conclusion, the nanoparticle synthesis from A. perryi extract demonstrated excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities, thus suggesting that our APS‐NPs have the potential to be used as antioxidative and antibacterial in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Interpreting disease genome‐wide association studies and polygenetic risk scores given eligibility and study design considerations
Authors: Schooling Catherine Mary , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been helpful in identifying genetic variants predicting cancer risk and providing new insights into cancer biology. Increasing use of genetically informed care, as well as genetically informed prevention and treatment strategies, have also drawn attention to some of the inherent limitations of cancer genetic data. Specifically, genetic endowment is lifelong. However, those recruited into cancer studies tend to be middle‐aged or older people, meaning the exposure most likely starts before recruitment, as opposed to exposure and recruitment aligning, as in a trial or a target trial. Studies in survivors can be biased as a result of depletion of the susceptibles, here specifically due to genetic vulnerability and the cancer of interest or a competing risk. In addition, including prevalent cases in a case‐control study will make the genetics of survival with cancer look harmful (Neyman bias). Here, we describe ways of designing GWAS to maximize explanatory power and predictive utility, by reducing selection bias due to only recruiting survivors and reducing Neyman bias due to including prevalent cases alongside using other techniques, such as selection diagrams, age‐stratification, and Mendelian randomization, to facilitate GWAS interpretability and utility.
Mature astrocytes as source for astrocyte repopulation after deletion in the medial prefrontal cortex: Implications for depression
Authors: Fu Yi‐Wen , Jin Shi‐Yang , Li Jing‐Ting , Li Xiao‐Wen , Gao Tian‐Ming , Yang Jian‐Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe adult brain retains a high repopulation capacity of astrocytes after deletion, and both mature astrocytes in the neocortex and neural stem cells in neurogenic regions possess the potential to generate astrocytes. However, the origin and the repopulation dynamics of the repopulating astrocytes after deletion remain largely unclear. The number of astrocytes is reduced in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of patients with depression, and selective elimination of mPFC astrocytes is sufficient to induce depression‐like behaviors in rodents. However, whether astrocyte repopulation capacity is impaired in depression is unknown. In this study, we used different transgenic mouse lines to genetically label different cell types and demonstrated that in the mPFC of normal adult mice of both sexes, mature astrocytes were a major source of the repopulating astrocytes after acute deletion induced by an astrocyte‐specific toxin, L‐alpha‐aminoadipic acid (L‐AAA), and astrocyte regeneration was accomplished within two weeks accompanied by reversal of depression‐like behaviors. Furthermore, re‐ablation of mPFC astrocytes post repopulation led to reappearance of depression‐like behaviors. In adult male mice subjected to 14‐day chronic restraint stress, a well‐validated mouse model of depression, the number of mPFC astrocytes was reduced; however, the ability of mPFC astrocytes to repopulate after L‐AAA‐induced deletion was largely unaltered. Our study highlights a potentially beneficial role for repopulating astrocytes in depression and provides novel therapeutic insights into enhancing local mature astrocyte generation in depression.
Heritability of cerebellar subregion volumes in adolescent and young adult twins
Authors: Strike Lachlan T. , Kerestes Rebecca , McMahon Katie L. , de Zubicaray Greig I. , Harding Ian H. , Medland Sarah E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwin studies have found gross cerebellar volume to be highly heritable. However, whether fine‐grained regional volumes within the cerebellum are similarly heritable is still being determined. Anatomical MRI scans from two independent datasets (QTIM: Queensland Twin IMaging, N = 798, mean age 22.1 years; QTAB: Queensland Twin Adolescent Brain, N = 396, mean age 11.3 years) were combined with an optimised and automated cerebellum parcellation algorithm to segment and measure 28 cerebellar regions. We show that the heritability of regional volumetric measures varies widely across the cerebellum ( 47%–91%). Additionally, the good to excellent test–retest reliability for a subsample of QTIM participants suggests that non‐genetic variance in cerebellar volumes is due primarily to unique environmental influences rather than measurement error. We also show a consistent pattern of strong associations between the volumes of homologous left and right hemisphere regions. Associations were predominantly driven by genetic effects shared between lobules, with only sparse contributions from environmental effects. These findings are consistent with similar studies of the cerebrum and provide a first approximation of the upper bound of heritability detectable by genome‐wide association studies.
Remission after CAR T‐cell therapy: Do lymphoma patients recover a normal life?
Authors: Perthus Alya , Colin Fanny , Charton Emilie , Anota Amélie , Lhomme Faustine , Manson Guillaume , De Guibert Sophie , Daufresne Pierre , Bellec Adeline , Le Bars Laetitia , De Barros Sandra , Ysebaert Loïc , Merceur Marianne , Cogné Mélanie , Lamy De La Chapelle Thierry , Houot Roch , Moignet Aline 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells) can induce prolonged remission in a substantial subset of patients with relapse/refractory lymphoma. However, little is known about patients' life after CAR T‐cell therapy. We prospectively assessed the multidimensional recovery of lymphoma patients in remission, before leukapheresis, before CAR T‐cell infusion, and 3, 6, and 12 months thereafter. Validated tools were used to measure lymphoma‐related and global health‐related quality of life (HRQoL; Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Lymphoma [FACT‐Lym] and EQ‐5D‐5L), cognitive complaint (FACT‐Cognition), fatigue (FACIT‐Fatigue subscale), psychological status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Post‐Traumatic Check List Scale), and sexuality (Relationship and Sexuality Scale). Beyond 12 months of remission, we also surveyed physical, professional, sexual, and general life status. At 3, 6, and 12 months, 53, 35, and 23 patients were evaluable, respectively. Improvement in lymphoma‐related HRQoL was clinically relevant at 3, 6, and 12 months with a mean change from baseline of 10.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.8; 16.1), 12.2 (95% CI: 4.2; 20.1), and 11.72 (95% CI: 2.06; 21.38), respectively. Improvement in global HRQoL, fatigue, and anxiety was clinically relevant, but 20%–40% of patients experienced persistent fatigue, psychological distress, and cognitive complaints over time. Beyond 12 months after CAR T cells, 81.8% of 22 evaluable patients were satisfied with their daily life. Physical activity, professional, sexual, and global well‐being had returned to prediagnosis levels in nearly half of the patients. We found an improvement in HRQoL after CAR T‐cell therapy including anxiety, depression, sexual satisfaction, and general well‐being. However, not all patients recover a “normal life.” Further research is needed to determine which patients are at risk of quality‐of‐life impairment to improve recovery after CAR T‐cell infusion.
Depression is associated with the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: A comparative analysis
Authors: Mayeli Mahsa , Shafie Mahan , Shiravi Maryam , Adl Parvar Tanin , Mirsepassi Zahra , Rahiminejad Fatemeh , Sattarpour Reza , Aghamollaii Vajiheh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsThe nonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) and their potential role in early diagnosis are recent debates. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between depression and NMS of PD including sleep disorders, hyposexuality, hyposmia, constipation, and orthostatic hypotension.MethodsA total of 93 PD patients with depression and 67 PD patients without depression were included in the study, and NMS were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, the possible associations between depression severity measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and NMS were investigated using linear regression or binary logistic regression models controlled for possible confounders. Eventually, we performed a subgroup analysis in each mild, moderate, and severe depression group.ResultsOrthostatic hypotension, constipation, and hyposexuality showed a significant difference between PD patients with and without depression (p < 0.001, p = 0.029, and p < 0.001, respectively). The BDI score was significantly associated with hyposexuality, Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality (p = 0.016, p = 0.010, and p = 0.011, respectively); however, after adjustments for possible confounders, the associations of the BDI score with the MoCA score and hyposexuality remained significant (p = 0.015 and p = 0.019, respectively). Considering subgroup analysis, a similar pattern of significant results was observed particularly in the severe group.ConclusionsThis study suggests a possible association between depression in PD patients and some NMS observed in the course of PD. These findings could be beneficial for early diagnosis of the disease, which eventually could make a considerable difference in the management of PD patients. Additional interventional longitudinal studies are warranted to explore how controlling depression could impact the NMS of patients with PD.
Assessment of infant and young child feeding practices and associated factors among less than two years' children in Leka Dullecha District, East Wollega, Ethiopia
Authors: Bulcha Fekadu , Bikila Haile , Debelo Sidise , Tolera Chimdesa , Tafesse Temesgen , Dessalegn Ra'el , Amenu Desalegn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimLeka Dullecha District, situated in East Wollega, Ethiopia, represents a region where infant and young child feeding practices play a crucial role in the health and well‐being of the population. Understanding the prevailing feeding practices among children under 2 years old is essential for devising effective interventions to improve child nutrition and reduce mortality rates. The context of this study involves examining various factors influencing infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, including socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental determinants. The main aim of the study was conducted to investigate the infant and young child feeding practice and associated factors among mothers of children 0–23 months in Leka Dullecha District, East Wollega, and Ethiopia.MethodA community‐based, cross‐sectional study design was carried out using 590 sample sizes. A stratified sampling method was used with simple random sampling technique. Bi‐variable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with infant and young child feeding practices.ResultsThe overall prevalence of appropriate infant and young child feeding practice was estimated to 62.3%. According to this finding, age of child, place of delivery, and knowledge of mother were positively associated factors for inappropriate Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices.ConclusionThe overall infant and young child feeding practices in this study is not meeting the WHO guidelines for appropriate feeding practices. To achieve better feeding practices among 0–23 months aged children, intervention should focus on encouraging institution delivery and capacitating all health workers providing health education focusing on infant and young child feeding practices.
Polar materials for photocatalytic applications: A critical review
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Zhang Yu , Wang Cong , Shen Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe critical challenges of the energy crisis and environmental degradation promote innovative approaches for energy conversion. Semiconductor‐based photocatalytic technology, which transforms solar energy into chemical energy, emerges as a promising solution. However, the practical application of this technology faces several challenges, such as the rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, significantly limiting photocatalytic efficiency. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion, an insightful perspective, and a critical evaluation of recent advances, challenges, and opportunities in the field of photocatalysis using polar materials. We present a comprehensive examination of the photocatalytic mechanisms, activity, and diverse applications of photocatalysts based on polar materials. We also briefly discuss the engineering design of polar photocatalysis in experiments and its scalability in the industry. This review outlines future trends and potential breakthroughs in the photocatalytic field using polar materials, projecting their transformative impact on environmental chemistry and energy engineering.
Effect of increasing doses of colchicine on the treatment of 333 COVID‐19 inpatients
Authors: Tiholov Rumen , Lilov Aleksander I. , Georgieva Gergana , Palaveev Kiril R. , Tashkov Konstantin , Mitev Vanyo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research done in Bulgaria demonstrated a fivefold reduction in mortality from COVID‐19 with increased doses of colchicine from two hospitals in the country. We report here a further 333 cases of COVID‐19 inpatients, treated with different doses of colchicine and its effect on mortality.Materials and MethodsA case‐control comparison from two additional hospitals was conducted between increased doses of colchicine and added bromhexine to standard of care (SOC) versus current SOC. Risk and odds ratio, as well as subgroup analysis, was conducted with newly reported data, alongside aggregate data from all hospital centers to determine the extent of mortality reduction in COVID‐19 inpatients.ResultsThere was a clear reduction in the mortality of inpatients with increasing doses of colchicine—between twofold and sevenfold. Colchicine loading doses of 4 mg are more effective than those with 2 mg. Despite these doses being higher than the so‐called “standard doses,” colchicine inpatients experienced lower mortality than SOC patients (5.7% vs. 19.53%). This mortality benefit was evident in different age subgroups, with a 4‐mg loading dose of colchicine proving slightly superior to a 2‐mg loading dose. Colchicine led to an overall relative risk reduction of 70.7%, with SOC patients having 3.91 higher odds of death. The safety of the doses was not different than the reported in the summary of product characteristics.ConclusionInpatients in Bulgaria with added colchicine and bromhexine to SOC achieved better clinical and mortality outcomes than those on SOC alone. These results question the World Health Organization—recommended strategy to inhibit viral replication. We posit that our treatment strategy to inhibit the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entry into the cell with inhaled bromhexine and the hyperactivated NLRP3 inflammasome with higher doses of colchicine, prevents the development of cytokine storm. The timing of the initiation of treatment seems critical.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of alternative screening strategies for the detection of cervical cancer among women in rural areas of Western Kenya
Authors: Lobin Christopher , Orang'o Elkanah Omenge , Were Edwin , Muthoka Kapten , Singh Kavita , De Allegri Manuela , Obermann Konrad , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Bussmann Hermann 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile the incidence of cervical cancer has dropped in high‐income countries due to organized cytology‐based screening programs, it remains the leading cause of cancer death among women in Eastern Africa. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) now urges providers to transition from widely prevalent but low‐performance visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) screening to primary human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing. Due to high HPV prevalence, effective triage tests are needed to identify those lesions likely to progress and so avoid over‐treatment. To identify the optimal cost‐effective strategy, we compared the VIA screen‐and‐treat approach to primary HPV DNA testing with p16/Ki67 dual‐stain cytology or VIA as triage. We used a Markov model to calculate the budget impact of each strategy with incremental quality‐adjusted life years and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) as the main outcome. Deterministic cost‐effectiveness analyses show that the screen‐and‐treat approach is highly cost‐effective (ICER 2469 Int$), while screen, triage, and treat with dual staining is the most effective with favorable ICER than triage with VIA (ICER 9943 Int$ compared with 13,177 Int$). One‐way sensitivity analyses show that the results are most sensitive to discounting, VIA performance, and test prices. In the probabilistic sensitivity analyses, the triage option using dual stain is the optimal choice above a willingness to pay threshold of 7115 Int$ being cost‐effective as per WHO standards. The result of our analysis favors the use of dual staining over VIA as triage in HPV‐positive women and portends future opportunities and necessary research to improve the coverage and acceptability of cervical cancer screening programs.
Postoperative pain control and opioid use with transversus abdominis plane block and scheduled multimodal pain management in patients undergoing cesarean section
Authors: Richards David C. , Dunn Brian A. , Chellappa Vivek R. , John Cameron R. , Davis Warren B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe impact of a transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in patients undergoing cesarean section requires further evaluation. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative pain scores and opioid use in cesarean surgery patients undergoing either a TAP block and scheduled multimodal pain management (SMPM) or SMPM alone.MethodsIn this retrospective, dual cohort study, cesarean surgery patients underwent neuraxial anesthesia and a TAP block (SMPM/TAP) or SMPM; the TAP block incorporated ropivacaine (20–30 mL) administered bilaterally. The group analyses involved a comparison of postoperative pain scores using the visual analog scale and opioid consumption at 24 and 24–48 h.ResultsThere were 94 (52.8%) patients in the SMPM/TAP group and 84 (47.2%) subjects in the SMPM alone group. At 24 h postoperatively, the SMPM/TAP group exhibited significantly lower pain scores (4.07 vs 4.54) than the SMPM group (P < 0.001) and reduced opioid consumption (2.29 vs 3.28 mg; P < 0.001). However, at 24–48 h, the SMPM group demonstrated lower pain scores (5.46 vs 5.98) compared to the SMPM/TAP group (P < 0.001) and reduced opioid consumption (8.75 vs 10.21 mg; P < 0.001); overall opioid consumption was higher (12.50 vs 12.02 mg) in the SMPM/TAP group (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe TAP block improved cesarean surgery patients' pain scores and reduced opioid consumption at 24 h postoperatively but the effect of the TAP block was ephemeral as the SMPM/TAP group exhibited inferior pain scores and greater opioid consumption compared to the SMPM group at 24–48 h postoperatively.
Age‐specific prevalence, clinical and urodynamic findings of detrusor underactivity and bladder outlet obstruction in female voiding dysfunction
Authors: Wu Pei‐Chi , Hsiao Sheng‐Mou , Lin Ho‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveFemale voiding dysfunction with cystocele have been widely studied, but there are no data regarding women without cystoceles. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of detrusor underactivity (DU) and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) without cystoceles in a large sample size.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Between April 1996 and September 2018, 602 neurologically intact women with voiding dysfunction without cystoceles were enrolled. Detrusor pressure (DU) at the maximum flow rate (PdetQmax) <20 cmH2O, maximum flow rate (Qmax) <15 mL/s, and a bladder voiding efficiency <90% and BOO (PdetQmax ≥40 cmH2O and Qmax <12 mL/s) were diagnosed by urodynamic study. Otherwise, a non‐DU/BOO diagnosis was made. The prevalence of DU and BOO was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were the analyses of the differences between these three groups in objective UDS parameters and subjective questionnaires and bladder diary parameters.ResultsThis study included 100 (17%) women with DU, 60 (10%) with BOO, and 442 (73%) with a non‐DU/BOO diagnosis. DU increased with age, but BOO decreased as age increased. The women in the DU group were older, had higher parity and pad weights, and lower PdetQmax, maximum urethral closure pressure, and functional profile length than the BOO group. The urodynamic findings did not correlate well to subjective questionnaire parameters. None of the symptoms revealed a significant difference between the groups. The retrospective design was the limitation of the study.ConclusionThe prevalence of DU increased with age in women with voiding dysfunction without advanced cystoceles. Conversely, BOO decreased with age. Prevalence intersected in the fourth decade. Diagnosis requires urodynamic evaluation, as subjective symptoms are inconclusive.