bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Une évaluation empirique de la rationalité des étudiants et étudiantes belges (1954-1987)
Authors: De Meulemeester Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2011

Une évaluation empirique de la rationalité des étudiants et étudiantes belges (1954-1987),
par Jean-Luc de Meulemeester.

Dans cet article, on évalue le degré de rationalité économique des jeunes belges qui se sont engagés dans des études universitaires de 1954 à 1987. On estime pour ce faire un modèle de toile d'araignée à la Freeman (1989), sous diverses hypothèses quant à la formation des anticipations. Un modèle récursif avec anticipations adaptatives et ajustement partiel est retenu. Les hommes ont des anticipations plus statiques que les femmes ; les anticipations ne sont pas rationnelles. On conclut en notant le caractère irréversible de l'investissement éducatif, dans un contexte de très haute incertitude. L'absence d'anticipations rationnelles ne peut dès lors permettre de conclure à une rationalité faible des agents.
La rémunération des services environnementaux rendus par l'agriculture
Authors: Madelin Virginie 
Published: July 2011

La retribución de los servicios medioambientales prestados por la agricultura,
por Virginie Madelin.

La reforma de la Política agrícola común de Mayo de 1992 ha reconocido explícitamente el papel de la agricultura en la gestión del medio ambiente. Los efectos positivos de la agricultura sobre el medio ambiente no se encuentran por lo general retribuídos por el mercado a su justo precio social y por lo tanto no se producen a la altura de lo óptimo social. A cada uno de los objetivos de regulación de los mercados, de equidad social y de protección del medio ambiente corresponde un tipo de instrumento. La justa retribución de los servicios medioambientales supone medir el valor social, necesariamente mediante métodos indirectes. Debe ser pagada directamente por los usuarios o mediante ayudas públicas, asociadas a contrapartidas précisas y desconectadas de objetivos puramente sociales.
L'évolution des rendements céréaliers dans une situation d'efficacité allocative
Authors: Vermersch Dominique 
Published: July 2011

Die Entwicklung der Getreideerträge bei leistungsstarkem Faktoreinsatz,
von Dominique Vermesch.

Die Regulierung des Getreideangebotes stellt eines der wesentlichen Anliegen der Reform der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik vom Mai 1992 dar. Somit kommt der kurz- und mittelfristigen Entwicklung der Getreideerträge eine überaus wichtige Bedeutung zu. Sie wird anhand eines parametrischen Modells analysiert, wobei von einem leistungsstarken Faktoreinsatz der Landwirte ausgegangen wird. Die Abnahme der Erträge ist bei den verschiedenen berücksichtigten Fällen zwar nicht von der Hand zu weisen, es wird jedoch das Vorhandensein von Effekten aufgezeigt, die sie hemmen: Flächenstillegung, Situation der abnehmenden Erträge, Situation der Starrheit bei manchen Faktoren, wie der Anbaufläche oder der Arbeit.
La stratégie communautaire de régulation de l'effet de serre : quels enjeux pour la France ?
Authors: Beaumais Olivier , Bréchet Thierry 
Published: July 2011

The Community Strategy to Curb the Greenhouse Effect: The Implications for France,
by Olivier Beaumais and Thierry Bréchet.

The Community proposal to introduce a tax on carbon and energy is one of the key projects in the efforts to set up a policy to prevent global warming. The high level of the proposed tax (approximately 1.5% of GDP) and the asserted principle of tax neutrality (which posits that existing taxes should be reduced when this new tax is introduced) have prompted us to evaluate the macroeconomic impact of such a strategy using the system of Hermès-Midas models. Several tax redeployment scenarios showing the French economy's room for manoeuvre in such a context are thus studied. In addition to the choice between labour taxes and energy taxes, we consider the potential contribution of energy-saving investments to the attainment of the Community aim of stabilizing carbon dioxide emissions.
Global optimization based on subspaces elimination: Applications to generalized pooling and water management problems
Authors: Faria Débora C. , Bagajewicz Miguel J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA global optimization strategy based on the partition of the feasible region in boxed subspaces defined by the partition of specific variables into intervals is described. Using a valid lower bound model, we create a master problem that determines several subspaces where the global optimum may exist, disregarding the others. Each subspace is then explored using a global optimization methodology of choice. The purpose of the method is to speed up the search for a global solution by taking advantage of the fact that tighter lower bounds can be generated within each subspace. We illustrate the method using the generalized pooling problem and a water management problem, which is a bilinear problem that has proven to be difficult to solve using other methods. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2336–2345, 2012
An expert model for estimation of the performance of direct dimethyl ether synthesis from synthesis gas
Authors: Moradi G. R. , Parvizian F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) has been trained and tested for estimation of the performance of direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from synthesis gas. Yield and selectivity of DME production and also conversion of CO could be predicted when temperature and pressure of reactor and H2/CO molar ratio in feed have been specified. The results of ANN estimation for yield of DME, selectivity of DME and CO conversion are in very good agreement with experimental values. For this development, database was collected from our previous experiment. The accuracy and trend stability of the trained networks were tested against unseen data. Different training schemes for the back‐propagation learning algorithm, such as: Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Gradient Descent with Momentum (GDM), variable learning rate Back propagation (GDA) and Resilient back Propagation (RP) methods were used. The SCG algorithm with seven neurons in the hidden layer shows the best suitable algorithm with the minimum average absolute relative error 0.05231.
Semiparametric transformation models for multivariate panel count data with dependent observation process
Authors: Li Ni , Park Do‐Hwan , Sun Jianguo , Kim KyungMann 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article discusses regression analysis of multivariate panel count data in which the observation process may contain relevant information about or be related to the underlying recurrent event processes of interest. Such data occur if a recurrent event study involves several related types of recurrent events and the observation scheme or process may be subject‐specific. For the problem, a class of semiparametric transformation models is presented, which provides a great flexibility for modelling the effects of covariates on the recurrent event processes. For estimation of regression parameters, an estimating equation‐based inference procedure is developed and the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimates are established. Also the proposed approach is evaluated by simulation studies and applied to the data arising from a skin cancer chemoprevention trial. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 39: 458–474; 2011 © 2011 Statistical Society of Canada
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FOR INCOME GENERATION IN RURAL AREAS—CAN DONORS LEARN?
Authors: Wallenborn Manfred 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA donor‐supported project in three Central Asian countries used rural vocational education and training (VET) schools of the formal education system to promote income generation for adults. These schools are responsible for initial VET and not for non‐formal skills training of adults. They received capacity building support from local experts to cope with the new tasks. They acquired, through additional peer learning events, competencies to design and conduct demand‐driven training for rural workers. Meanwhile, the schools are performing well, and the beneficiaries of the programmes increased their income. Schools are no longer isolated educational institutions but an important networking part in rural development. The project's experience is discussed in the context of the international discussion. Conclusions for interventions and international VET cooperation are drawn: the existing (VET) resources should be used more systematically in community development approaches accompanied by capacity building for school staff. The intervention required simultaneously a policy dialogue with the line ministries. The dialogue is based on the evidence of best practice. This is a precondition for ownership‐driven policies to reform VET systems in Central Asia towards demand driven training for adults. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
E‐selectin rs5361 and FCGR2A rs1801274 variants were associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population
Authors: Xia Hong‐Zhen , Du Wei‐Dong , Wu Qiang , Chen Gang , Zhou Yuan , Tang Xian‐Fa , Tang Hua‐Yang , Liu Yi , Yang Feng , Ruan Jian , Xu Song , Zuo Xian‐Bo , Zhang Xue‐Jun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHost immune responses are critical steps for carcinogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immunoregulatory genes may influence gastric cancer risk. We performed a genotyping analysis for immunoregulatory genes in 311 gastric cancer cases and 425 controls from a Chinese population. We found that there were significant differences of E‐selectin variant rs5361 (A>C) and FCGR2A variant rs1801274 (T>C) between cases and controls (P = 0.022 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Logistic regression analysis indicated that genotype of E‐selectin rs5361AC increased the risk of gastric cancer significantly (P = 0.026, adjusted Odds ratio (OR) = 2.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–7.12). C allele of E‐selectin rs5361 showed a significant increased frequency in cases (P = 0.023). However, the E‐selectin variant did not affect the protein expression. E‐selectin protein was observed not only in tumor interstitial vascular endothelial cells, but also in gastric cancer cells at primary and metastatic sites. The protein was associated with clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer, such as age (P = 0.008), tumor size (P = 0.027), differentiation (P = 0.000), and tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.006). CT and CC + CT genotypes of FCGR2A variant rs1801274 increased gastric cancer risk (P = 0.000, adjusted OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.36–2.72; P = 0.003, adjusted OR = 1.68, 95%CI = 1.20–2.35, respectively). Interleukin‐4 receptor (IL‐4R) variant rs2107356 presented negative correlations to E‐selectin variant rs5361 and FCGR2A variant rs1801274 (P = 0.035 and P = 0.023) in conferring susceptibility to gastric cancer. We concluded E‐selectin variant rs5361 and FCGR2A variant rs1801274 were significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. Expression of E‐selectin protein would promote progression of gastric cancer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A compact circular‐ring antenna for ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Liu L. , Cheung S.W. , Azim R. , Islam M. T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA simple circular‐ring planar‐monopole antenna, with a compact size of 26 × 28 mm2, fed by an offset‐microstrip line, is proposed. The antenna is composed of a circular‐ring radiator and a ground plane with a small rectangular slot cut along the upper edge for ultra‐wideband (UWB) operation. Studies of the antenna are carried out using computer simulation. Prototype of the antenna is used for verification of the simulation results. Results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of more than 132% (from 3.7 to more than 18 GHz) for the standing wave ratio of less than 2 (voltage standing wave ratio, VSWR ≤ 2), a stable omnidirectional radiation pattern and an average peak gain of 3.97 dBi across the UWB, making the antenna a good candidate for use in UWB communications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2283–2288, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26295
Influence of salts on starch degradation: Part I – sodium chloride
Authors: Moreau Lydie , Bindzus Wolfgang , Hill Sandra 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTo reduce the amount of salt in cereal‐based products without changing their properties, it is necessary to understand the role of salt in the product. Native wx maize, cassava or potato starch were mixed with sodium chloride (NaCl; 0–4% dry weight basis; moisture adjusted to 20% wet weight basis; wwb) and were heated at 230°C for 45 min. Presence of salt enhanced colour formation proportionally to its concentration. Microscopic observations, wide angle X‐ray, DSC and intrinsic viscosity data all suggested that the starch granule and the starch polymer were degraded by such heat treatment. Presence of NaCl enhanced the degradation proportionally to its concentration. This degradation might lead to the formation of smaller molecules which potentially could then caramelise during the heat treatment. This mechanism may explain the impact of salt on colour formation in cereal‐based products.
Imaging of dopamine D2/3 agonist binding in cocaine dependence: A [11C]NPA positron emission tomography study
Authors: Narendran Rajesh , Martinez Diana , Mason Neale Scott , Lopresti Brian J. , Himes Michael L. , Chen Chi‐Min , May Maureen A. , Price Julie C. , Mathis Chester A. , Frankle W. Gordon 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective: Positron emission tomography (PET) studies performed with [11C]raclopride have consistently reported lower binding to D2/3 receptors and lower amphetamine‐induced dopamine (DA) release in cocaine abusers relative to healthy controls. A limitation of these studies that were performed with D2/3 antagonist radiotracers such as [11C]raclopride is the failure to provide information that is specific to D2/3 receptors configured in a state of high affinity for the agonists (i.e., D2/3 receptors coupled to G‐proteins, D2/3 HIGH). As the endogenous agonist DA binds with preference to D2/3 HIGH relative to D2/3 LOW receptors (i.e., D2/3 receptors uncoupled to G‐proteins) it is critical to understand the in vivo status of D2/3 HIGH receptors in cocaine dependence. Thus, we measured the available fraction of D2/3
HIGH receptors in 10 recently abstinent cocaine abusers (CD) and matched healthy controls (HC) with the D2/3 antagonist and agonist PET radiotracers [11C]raclopride and [11C]NPA. Methods:[11C]raclopride and [11C]NPA binding potential (BP) (BPND) in the striatum were measured with kinetic analysis using the arterial input function. The available fraction of D2/3 HIGH receptors, i.e., % RHIGH available = D2/3 HIGH/(D2/3 HIGH + D2/3 LOW) was then computed as the ratio of [11C]NPA BPND/[11C]raclopride BPND. Results:No differences in striatal [11C]NPA BPND (HC = 1.00 ± 0.17; CD = 0.97 ± 0.17, P = 0.67) or available % RHIGH (HC = 39% ± 5%; CD = 41% ± 5%, P = 0.50) was observed between cocaine abusers and matched controls. Conclusions: The results of this [11C]NPA PET study do not support alterations in D2/3 HIGH binding in the striatum in cocaine dependence. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enriched cereal bars are more effective in increasing plasma quercetin compared with quercetin from powder-filled hard capsules
Authors: Egert Sarah , Wolffram Siegfried , Schulze Beate , Langguth Peter , Hubbermann Eva Maria , Schwarz Karin , Adolphi Berit , Bosy-Westphal Anja , Rimbach Gerald , Müller Manfred James 
Published: July 2011

The flavonol quercetin, is one of the major flavonoids found in edible plants. The bioavailability of quercetin in humans may be influenced by the food matrix in which it is consumed as well as by its chemical and physical form. The objective of the present study was to investigate the biokinetics of quercetin from quercetin-enriched cereal bars and quercetin powder-filled hard capsules. In a randomised, single-blinded, diet-controlled cross-over study, six healthy women aged 22–28 years took a single oral dose of approximately 130 mg quercetin equivalents from either quercetin-enriched cereal bars (containing 93·3 % quercetin aglycone plus 6·7 % quercetin-4′-glucoside) or quercetin powder-filled hard capsules (100 % quercetin aglycone). Blood samples were drawn before and after quercetin administration over a 24 h period. The concentrations of quercetin and its monomethylated derivatives, isorhamnetin (3′-O-methyl quercetin) and tamarixetin (4′-O-methyl quercetin), were measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection after plasma enzymatic treatment. The systemic availability as determined by comparing the plasma concentration–time curves of quercetin was found to be five times and thecmaxvalues six times higher after ingestion of 130 mg quercetin by quercetin-enriched cereal bars than after ingestion by quercetin capsules. In contrast,tmaxdid not differ significantly between the two treatments. Thecmaxvalues for isorhamnetin and tamarixetin were four and nine times higher after ingestion of quercetin by quercetin-enriched cereal bars than after ingestion by quercetin capsules. In conclusion, quercetin from quercetin-enriched cereal bars is significantly more bioavailable than from quercetin powder-filled hard capsules.
The Effect of Biofuels on the International Oil Market
Authors: Hochman Gal , Rajagopal Deepak , Zilberman David 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper derives a method to quantify the impact of biofuels on fuel markets, assuming that these markets are dominated by a cartel of oil‐rich countries and that fuel prices in these countries are significantly lower than those in the rest of the world. We identify large differences between the effects of introducing biofuels using the proposed method (denoted the cartel‐of‐nations [CON] model), in contrast to the competitive or the standard cartel models. When compared with the CON model, the competitive model overestimates the reduction in fuel prices and underestimates the reduction in fuel consumption, and therefore the impact of biofuels on greenhouse gases.
Grade of deceased donor liver macrovesicular steatosis impacts graft and recipient outcomes more than the Donor Risk Index
Authors: de Graaf Esther L , Kench James , Dilworth Pamela , Shackel Nicholas A , Strasser Simone I , Joseph David , Pleass Henry , Crawford Michael , McCaughan Geoff W , Verran Deborah J 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Donor liver steatosis can impact on liver allograft outcomes. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively report on the impact of type and grade of donor steatosis, as well as donor and recipient factors, including the reported Donor Risk Index (DRI), on liver allograft outcomes.Methods:  A review of unit data for all adult liver transplant procedures from 2001 to 2007, as well as donor offers. Donor liver biopsies were regraded for steatosis by an experienced histopathologist.Results:  Steatosis was detected in 184/255 (72%) of biopsies, of which 114 (62%) had microvesicular steatosis (MiS; 68 mild, 22 moderate, 24 severe) and 70 (38%) macrovesicular steatosis (MaS; 59 mild, 7 moderate, 4 severe). The majority (66/70, 94%) of biopsies with MaS also contained MiS. Allograft steatosis was associated with increasing donor body mass index (P = 0.000), plus donor male sex (P < 0.05). Primary non function (P = 0.002), early renal failure (P = 0.040), and requirement for retransplantation (P = 0.012) were associated only with severe MaS. Early biliary complications were associated with moderate MaS (P = 0.039). Only severe MaS was significantly associated with inferior allograft survival at 3 months (relative risk = 12.09 [8.75–19.05], P = 0.000) and 1 year (P = 0.000).Conclusions:  MiS is a common finding and frequently coexists with MaS on liver allograft biopsy, while isolated MaS is uncommon. Only the presence of moderate to severe MaS is associated with inferior early allograft outcomes. The impact of severe MaS on allograft survival appears greater than other donor factors, including the calculated DRI.
Cryptogenic pyogenic liver abscess as the herald of colon cancer
Authors: Jeong Soung Won , Jang Jae Young , Lee Tae Hee , Kim Hyun Gun , Hong Sung Wook , Park Seung Hoon , Kim Sang Gyune , Cheon Young Koog , Kim Young Seok , Cho Young Deok , Kim Jin‐Oh , Kim Boo Sung , Lee Eun Jung , Kim Tae Hyong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim: Colonic mucosal defects might be a route for bacterial invasion into the portal system, with subsequent hematogenous spread to the liver. We retrospectively investigated the results of colonoscopy and the clinical characteristics of patients with pyogenic liver abscess of colonic origin.Methods: A total of 230 consecutive patients with pyogenic liver abscess were reviewed between 2003 and 2010. The 230 patients were categorized into three groups (pancreatobiliary [n = 135], cryptogenic [n = 81], and others [n = 14]). Of the 81 cryptogenic patients, 37 (45.7%) underwent colonoscopy. Colonic lesions with mucosal defects were considered colonic causes of abscess.Results: In the 37 colonoscopic investigations, colon cancer was found in six patients (16.2%), laterally‐spreading tumor (LST) in two patients (5.4%), multiple colon ulcers in one patient (2.7%), colon polyps in 17 patients (45.9%), and diverticula in four patients (10.8%). Nine (11%) of 81 cryptogenic abscesses were therefore reclassified as being of colonic origin (colon cancer = 6, LST = 2, ulcer = 1). Three cases were stage III colon cancer, and the others were stage I. Two LST were high‐grade dysplasia. The percentage of patients withKlebsiella pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae) and diabetes mellitus (DM) of colonic origin was 66.7%, which was significantly higher than the 8.6% for other causes (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Of the 37 patients with cryptogenic pyogenic liver abscess who underwent colonoscopy, nine (24.3%) were diagnosed with a colonic cause. Colonoscopy should be considered for the detection of hidden colonic malignant lesions in patients with cryptogenic pyogenic liver abscess, especially for patients withK. pneumoniaeand DM.
The Otology Data Collection Project
Authors: Witsell David L. , Rauch Steven D. , Tucci Debara L. , Telian Steven A. , Roland Peter S. , Nguyen‐Huynh Anh T. , Schulz Kristine 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveTo describe and communicate data collected in the CHEER (Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research) infrastructure proof‐of‐concept study to facilitate understanding of the potential capabilities of practice‐based research networks and to present pilot data for development of future research initiatives.Study DesignProspective observational study of CHEER infrastructure operational capacity using a convenience sample of all patients presenting to the practices with tinnitus, dizziness, or a combination of these symptoms.SettingThe CHEER network of community and academic practice sites.Subjects and MethodsThe data collection exercise collected demographic, clinical, treatment, and health‐related quality‐of‐life surveys on tinnitus, dizziness, and migraine disorders. Descriptive analysis of the data is presented.ResultsOf the sites in the CHEER network, 73% (16/22) successfully enrolled subjects; a total of 1532 patients were enrolled in 8 months. Tinnitus alone, dizziness alone, and both occurred in 28%, 34%, and 29%, respectively. Patients complaining of tinnitus and dizziness had lower quality of life than those sufferers with 1 disorder. Migraine was associated with 27% of patients. The most frequent diagnoses for patients with tinnitus and dizziness were Ménière disease (34%), vertiginous migraine (18%), and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (16%).ConclusionDescriptive data on patients with common disorders can be rapidly collected within the framework of a practice‐based research network. The data in this study provide valuable pilot information on the targeted disorders, providing a baseline for development of future epidemiological data and clinical trials.