bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Quality Functions of a 15‐Year‐Old Riparian Forest Buffer System1
Authors: Newbold J. Denis , Herbert Susan , Sweeney Bernard W. , Kiry Paul , Alberts Stephen J. 
Published: March 2010

Newbold, J. Denis, Susan Herbert, Bernard W. Sweeney, Paul Kiry, and Stephen J. Alberts, 2010. Water Quality Functions of a 15‐Year‐Old Riparian Forest Buffer System. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(2):299‐310. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00421.xAbstract:  We monitored long‐term water quality responses to the implementation of a three‐zone Riparian Forest Buffer System (RFBS) in southeastern Pennsylvania. The RFBS, established in 1992 in a 15‐ha agricultural (row crop) watershed, consists of: Zone 1, a streamside strip (∼10 m wide) of permanent woody vegetation for stream habitat protection; Zone 2, an 18‐ to 20‐m‐wide strip reforested in hardwoods upslope from Zone 2; and Zone 3, a 6‐ to 10‐m‐wide grass filter strip in which a level lip spreader was constructed. The monitoring design used paired watersheds supplemented by mass balance estimates of nutrient and sediment removal within the treated watershed. Tree growth was initially delayed by drought and deer damage, but increased after more aggressive deer protection (1.5 m polypropylene shelters or wire mesh protectors) was instituted. Basal tree area increased ∼20‐fold between 1998 and 2006, and canopy cover reached 59% in 2006. For streamwater nitrate, the paired watershed comparison was complicated by variations in both the reference stream concentrations and in upslope groundwater nitrate concentrations, but did show that streamwater nitrate concentrations in the RFBS watershed declined relative to the reference stream from 2002 through the end of the study in early 2007. A subsurface nitrate budget yielded an average nitrate removal by the RFBS of 90 kg/ha/year, or 26% of upslope subsurface inputs, for the years 1997 through 2006. There was no evidence from the paired watershed comparison that the RFBS affected streamwater phosphorus concentration. However, groundwater phosphorus did decline within the buffer. Overland flow sampling of 23 storms between 1997 and 2006 showed that total suspended solids concentration in water exiting the RFBS to the stream was on average 43% lower than in water entering the RFBS from the tilled field. Particulate phosphorus concentration was lower by 22%, but this removal was balanced by a 26% increase in soluble reactive phosphorus so that there was no net effect on total phosphorus.
Modeling Stream Shade: Riparian Buffer Height and Density as Important as Buffer Width1
Authors: DeWalle David R. 
Published: March 2010

DeWalle, David R., 2010. Modeling Stream Shade: Riparian Buffer Height and Density as Important as Buffer Width.Journal of the American Water Resources Association(JAWRA) 46(2):323‐333. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00423.xAbstract: A theoretical model was developed to explore impacts of varying buffer zone characteristics on shading of small streams using a path‐length form of Beer’s law to represent the transmission of direct beam solar radiation through vegetation. Impacts of varying buffer zone height, width, and radiation extinction coefficients (surrogate for buffer density) on shading were determined for E‐W and N‐S stream azimuths in infinitely long stream sections at 40°N on the summer solstice. Increases in buffer width produced little additional shading beyond buffer widths of 6‐7 m for E‐W streams due to shifts in solar beam pathway from the sides to the tops of the buffers. Buffers on the north bank of E‐W streams produced 30% of daily shade, while the south‐bank buffer produced 70% of total daily shade. For N‐S streams an optimum buffer width was less‐clearly defined, but a buffer width of about 18‐20 m produced about 85‐90% of total predicted shade. The model results supported past field studies showing buffer widths of 9‐11 m were sufficient for stream temperature control. Regardless of stream azimuth, increases in buffer height and extinction coefficient (buffer density) were found to substantially increase shading up to the maximum tree height and stand density likely encountered in the field. Model results suggest that at least 80% shade on small streams up to 6‐m wide can be achieved in mid‐latitudes with relatively narrow 12‐m wide buffers, regardless of stream azimuth, as long as buffers are tall (≈30 m) and dense (leaf area index ≈6). Although wide buffers may be preferred to provide other benefits, results suggest that increasing buffer widths beyond about 12 m will have a limited effect on stream shade at mid‐latitudes and that greater emphasis should be placed on the creation of dense, tall buffers to maximize stream shading.
Ecologically Functional Floodplains: Connectivity, Flow Regime, and Scale1
Authors: Opperman Jeffrey J. , Luster Ryan , McKenney Bruce A. , Roberts Michael , Meadows Amanda Wrona 
Published: March 2010

Opperman, Jeffrey J., Ryan Luster, Bruce A. McKenney, Michael Roberts, and Amanda Wrona Meadows, 2010. Ecologically Functional Floodplains: Connectivity, Flow Regime, and Scale. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(2):211‐226. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00426.xAbstract:  This paper proposes a conceptual model that captures key attributes of ecologically functional floodplains, encompassing three basic elements: (1) hydrologic connectivity between the river and the floodplain, (2) a variable hydrograph that reflects seasonal precipitation patterns and retains a range of both high and low flow events, and (3) sufficient spatial scale to encompass dynamic processes and for floodplain benefits to accrue to a meaningful level. Although floodplains support high levels of biodiversity and some of the most productive ecosystems on Earth, they are also among the most converted and threatened ecosystems and therefore have recently become the focus of conservation and restoration programs across the United States and globally. These efforts seek to conserve or restore complex, highly variable ecosystems and often must simultaneously address both land and water management. Thus, such efforts must overcome considerable scientific, technical, and socioeconomic challenges. In addition to proposing a scientific conceptual model, this paper also includes three case studies that illustrate methods for addressing these technical and socioeconomic challenges within projects that seek to promote ecologically functional floodplains through river‐floodplain reconnection and/or restoration of key components of hydrological variability.
Critical Steps for Continuing Advancement of Satellite Rainfall Applications for Surface Hydrology in the Nile River Basin1
Authors: Gebremichael Mekonnen , Anagnostou Emmanouil N. , Bitew Menberu M. 
Published: March 2010

Gebremichael, Mekonnen, Emmanouil N. Anagnostou, and Menberu M. Bitew, 2010. Critical Steps for Continuing Advancement of Satellite Rainfall Applications for Surface Hydrology in the Nile River Basin. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(2):361‐366. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00428.x.Abstract:  Given the increasingly higher resolution and data accessibility, satellite precipitation products could be useful for hydrological application in the Nile River Basin, which is characterized by lack of reasonably dense hydrological in situ sensors and lack of access to the existing dataset. However, in the absence of both extreme caution and research results for the Nile basin, the satellite rainfall (SR) products may not be used, or may even be used erroneously. We identify two steps that are critical to enhance the value of SR products for hydrological applications in the Nile basin. The first step is to establish representative validation sites in the Nile basin. The validation site will help to quantify the errors in the different kinds of SR products, which will be used to select the best products for the Nile basin, include the errors in decision making, and design strategies to minimize the errors. Using rainfall measurements collected from the unprecedented high‐density rain gauge network over a small region within the Nile basin, we indicate that SR estimates could be subject to significant errors, and quantification of estimation errors by way of establishing validation sites is critically important in order to use the SR products. The second step is to identify the degree of hydrologic model complexity required to obtain more accurate hydrologic simulation results for the Nile basin when using SR products as input. The level of model complexity may depend on basin size and SR algorithm, and further research is needed to spell out this dependence for the Nile basin.
Lifestyle factors and mortality among adults with diabetes: findings from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Potsdam study*
Authors: NÖTHLINGS Ute , FORD Earl S. , KRÖGER Janine , BOEING Heiner 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  Healthy lifestyle behaviors are among the cornerstones of diabetes self‐management, but the extent to which healthy lifestyle factors could potentially prevent premature mortality among people with diabetes remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to estimate the reduction in mortality that could be achieved if people with diabetes did not smoke, had a body mass index <30 kg/m2, performed physical activity for ≥3.5 h/week, reported better dietary habits, and consumed alcohol moderately.Methods:  A prospective cohort study of 1263 German men and women with diabetes aged 35–65 years who were followed for an average of 7.8 years was used and multivariate Cox regression models for all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality were calculated.Results:  Approximately 7% of study participants had no favorable factors, 24% had one, 35% had two, and 34% had three or more. Compared with participants who had no favorable factors, the reduction in risk was 34% [95% confidence interval (CI) 19%, 63%] for those with one favorable factor, 49% (95% CI 9%, 71%) for those with two, and 63% (95% CI 31%, 80%) for those with three or more. Furthermore, a competing risk analysis did not show any difference in the inverse associations with mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, or other causes.Conclusions:  Favorable lifestyle factors can potentially achieve substantial reductions in premature mortality among people with diabetes. Our results emphasize the importance of helping people with diabetes optimize their lifestyle behaviors.
Incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers during treatment with celecoxib or diclofenac: pooled results from three 12‐week trials in Chinese patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: CHEUNG Raymond , CHENG Tien‐Tsai , DONG Yi , LIN Hsiao‐Yi , LAI Kamchuen , LAU Chak‐sing , FENG Huang , PARSONS Bruce 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  To test whether treatment with celecoxib reduces the incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers compared to diclofenac in Asian patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with minimal significant risk factors.Methods:  Patients with a clinical diagnosis of OA or RA of at least 3 months were randomized to 12 weeks of double‐blind treatment with celecoxib 100 mg twice daily (n = 440) or diclofenac 50 mg twice daily (n = 440). The primary outcome was the gastric and/or duodenal ulcer rate at endpoint as determined by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed during the screening week, and at endpoint.Results:  There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers at 12‐week endpoint for celecoxib compared to diclofenac (2.8%vs. 5.1%; Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel [CMH] χ2P = 0.083). However, there was a significantly lower incidence of gastric ulcers on celecoxib versus diclofenac (0.5%vs. 3.6%; CMH χ2P = 0.002). Approximately 59% of patients in both treatment groups had no visible gastric lesions at endpoint; and a similar proportion were found to have one or more erosions on celecoxib (n = 85; 21.4%) and diclofenac (N = 91; 23.3%). A survival analysis of time to ulcer was significant for gastric ulcers (log‐rank P = 0.004), but not for duodenal ulcers, or for gastroduodenal ulcers combined. Fewer patients reported at least one adverse event on celecoxib compared to diclofenac (42.4%vs. 50.3%; χ2, 5.52; P = 0.019).Conclusions:  In Asian patients with minimal significant risk factors, treatment with celecoxib was associated with a modest but significantly reduced incidence of gastric ulcers at the end of 12 weeks.
High-Throughput Screening for Salmonella Avirulent Mutants That Retain Targeting of Solid Tumors
Authors: Arrach Nabil , Cheng Pui , Zhao Ming , Santiviago Carlos A. , Hoffman Robert M. , McClelland Michael 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Salmonella has a natural ability to target a wide range of tumors in animal models. However, strains used for cancer therapy have generally been selected only for their avirulence rather than their tumor-targeting ability. To select Salmonella strains that are avirulent and yet efficient in tumor targeting, a necessary criterion for clinical applications, we measured the relative fitness of 41,000 Salmonella transposon insertion mutants growing in mouse models of human prostate and breast cancer. Two classes of potentially safe mutants were identified. Class 1 mutants showed reduced fitness in normal tissues and unchanged fitness in tumors (e.g., mutants in htrA, SPI-2, and STM3120). Class 2 mutants showed reduced fitness in tumors and normal tissues (e.g., mutants in aroA and aroD). In a competitive fitness assay in human PC-3 tumors growing in mice, class 1 mutant STM3120 had a fitness advantage over class 2 mutants aroA and aroD, validating the findings of the initial screening of a large pool of transposon mutants and indicating a potential advantage of class 1 mutants for delivery of cancer therapeutics. In addition, an STM3120 mutant successfully targeted tumors after intragastric delivery, opening up the oral route as an option for therapy administration. Cancer Res; 70(6); 2165–70
Behavioural change in type 1 diabetes self-management: Why and how?
Authors: Wilson Valerie L 
Published: March 2010

Objective To examine whether the communication process between diabetes health professionals and people intensively self-managing their type 1 diabetes influenced behavioural change. Design Telephone interviews to provide insight into the communication process and its influence on diabetes intensive self-management behaviour. Setting Interviewees’ own homes. Method A sub-group of 10 people from a questionnaire survey were contacted to participate in a telephone interview. The taped interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically, both manually and using computer software, to identify common themes in the texts. Results The process of change and maintenance of diabetes self-management behaviours for the majority of participants was enabled by current available intensive treatments and information, education and support from health professionals in primary care, rather than diabetes health professionals specifically. Conclusions Individuals intensively self-managing their diabetes have a high degree of motivation to improve glycaemic control, but also require the assistance of health professionals in primary and secondary care to enable this to take place.
Comparison of health-related measures of two groups of adolescents in a rural southeastern county in the United States
Authors: Sands Charles D , Hensarling Robert W , Angel James B 
Published: March 2010

Objective The purpose of this study was to establish baseline values on physiological parameters for 7—11 graders ( n = 146) in a rural area of Alabama and to examine whether differences existed among the adolescents in the county. Design Descriptive. Setting Many adolescents in the southern portion of the United States suffer disproportionately from diseases clearly linked to lifestyle choices (i.e. diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, etc.). Method Health assessments were measured during physical education classes at two independent high schools. The measures taken included: blood pressure, recovery heart rate, upper and lower body flexibility, percentage of body fat, BMI-for-age, height, weight, and muscular strength and endurance. Results Results indicated significant differences between two school populations for cardiovascular fitness, hamstring flexibility, and shoulder flexibility. In addition, there were significant differences between genders with respect to recovery heart rate, systolic blood pressure, height, weight, and percentage of body fat. Conclusion Thus, this research shows differences between similar populations in the same county and these differences must be explored further.
Does weight status influence weight-related beliefs and the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and fast food purchases in adolescents?
Authors: Hearst Mary O , Pasch Keryn E , Fulkerson Jayne A , Lytle Leslie A 
Published: March 2010

Objective To determine if weight status affects the relationship between weight-related beliefs and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and fast and convenience store food purchases (FCFP). Design Observational, cross-sectional. Setting Twin Cities Metropolitan area, Minnesota, USA. Methods Body composition and psychosocial survey were obtained for 345 adolescents. General Linear Models tested adjusted (age and sex) associations between weight-related beliefs and consumption of SSB and FCFP. Significant associations were tested for moderation by weight status. Results SSB was positively related to perceptions that people worry too much about their weight (β = 0.103, p = 0.016), with no moderation present. FCFP were positively associated to perceived barriers to maintaining a healthy weight (β = 0.042, p = 0.004) with a subsequent significant interaction by weight status. Stratified models showed a significant association between perceived barriers to a healthy weight and FCFP for overweight adolescents (β = 0.345, p = 0.022). Conclusions Addressing perceived barriers to a healthy diet may lead to important risk reduction.
Living in a sweetie culture: Scottish parents’ difficulties in maintaining their children’s oral health
Authors: Smith Patricia Anne , Freeman Ruth 
Published: March 2010

Objective To investigate the views and experiences of parents whose children have rampant tooth decay. Methods In-depth, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 19 parents of varied age and social background whose children had been referred to Dundee Dental Hospital for assessment for dental extractions. Participants were encouraged to discuss their own and their child’s dental experiences and their views on how the child developed rampant caries. The interview data was systematically coded using key theme headings, and summary charts were constructed to facilitate analysis. Results The parents found it difficult to avoid sweets and giving their children sweet treats. They had limited knowledge of oral health maintenance which was poorly applied. These factors, combined with the difficulties of family life — in particular illness and life events — created circumstances in which their children experienced tooth decay. Conclusions Parents find it difficult to restrict their children’s sugar intake in an environment where sugary snacks are so readily available. More societal support in restricting children’s sugar intake is of central importance. Parents would benefit from more sympathetic and explicit diet and toothbrushing messages tailored to their individual circumstances from those involved in the care of children’s oral health.
Pharmacologic modulation of niche accessibility via tyrosine kinase inhibition enhances marrow and thymic engraftment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Fewkes Natasha M. , Krauss Aviva C. , Guimond Martin , Meadors Joanna L. , Dobre Stefania , Mackall Crystal L. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Essential survival signals within hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and thymic niches are mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases, which can be reversibly inhibited using clinically available drugs. We studied whether sunitinib, a multityrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits KIT, enhances engraftment after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in mice. Sunitinib diminished hematopoietic progenitor cell numbers, and sunitinib enhanced marrow, peripheral myeloid, and lymphoid engraftment after BMT in Rag1−/− mice. Sunitinib augmented HSC engraftment because recipients displayed increased myeloid and lymphoid engraftment and because sunitinib-treated recipients of purified HSCs showed enhanced engraftment of secondary hosts. However, sunitinib preferentially augmented T-cell engraftment with lesser effects on myeloid and HSC engraftment. Consistent with this, sunitinib preferentially depleted the early thymic progenitor subset in the thymus. Sunitinib did not increase engraftment in mice with deficient KIT signaling, and the pattern of more potent effects on T cell compared with HSC engraftment observed in sunitinib-treated hosts was also observed after BMT into KITW/Wv mice. These results implicate KIT as a critical modulator of thymic niches. We conclude that transient, pharmacologic inhibition of KIT enhances accessibility of marrow and thymic niches, and provides a novel, noncytotoxic approach to accomplish engraftment after stem cell transplantation.
An Atomic Force Microscopy Assay of Intercalation Binding, Unwinding, and Elongation of DNA, Using a Water-Soluble Psoralen Derivative as a Covalent Binding Probe Molecule
Authors: Nakano Koji , Katsumi Yosuke , Soh Nobuaki , Imato Toshihiko 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A single-molecule strategy using atomic force microscopy has simply yet robustly probed an intercalation binding related specific structural relaxation of covalently closed circular pBR322 DNA as well as double-strand elongation in its linear form by taking advantage of a new psoralen derivative, N,N,N-trimethyl-1-(2,5,9-trimethyl-7-oxo-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-3-yl)methanaminium chloride, that covalently binds to DNA through a photo-crosslinking reaction.
Dibridged Bis(Zn2+–cyclen): A Novel Host Molecule of Malonate Dianion in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Fujioka Haruto , Kishida Sayuri , Ishizu Takashi , Shiro Motoo , Kinoshita Eiji , Koike Tohru 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A dinuclear zinc(II) complex, m,m-bis(Zn2+–cyclen) was synthesized as a novel host molecule for a malonate dianion. The dizinc(II) complex has two zinc(II)–cyclen moieties (cyclen = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) connected through two m-xylene bridges. The 1:1 association constant of log K (K = {[malonate-bound m,m-bis(Zn2+–cyclen)]/[m,m-bis(Zn2+–cyclen)][malonate]}/M−1) was determined to be 3.6 by potentiometric pH titration at 25 °C with I = 0.10 M (NaNO3) in aqueous solution. The H/D exchange reaction of methylene hydrogen atoms of malonate dianion was accelerated by m,m-bis(Zn2+–cyclen) in D2O. The half-life was determined to be 80 min for a 1:1 mixture (2 mM) of malonate and m,m-bis(Zn2+–cyclen) at 25 °C and pD 7. From an aqueous solution of equimolar malonate and m,m-bis(Zn2+–cyclen) however, a cyclic 2:2 malonate/m,m-bis(Zn2+–cyclen) complex was isolated. The structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Water Molecules as Binders in Transformation of 2D Coordination Polymer [Cu(4,4′-bpy)2(OTf)2]n into Parallel Aligned 3D Architectures
Authors: Komori-Orisaku Keiko , Hoshino Kazuma , Yamashita Shinya , Koide Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Solvent-mediated structural transformation of {[Cu(4,4′-bpy)2(OTf)2]·2CH3CN}n coordination polymer (CP) was crystallographically characterized and confirmed the formation of infinite linear water networks that bind metal centers through the interplay of coordination and hydrogen bonding of water molecules.