bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encountering Cancer or Its Sequelae at the Hip
Authors: Rosenberg Aaron 
Published: September 2010

The orthopedist may need act as an adjunct to the medical oncologist in the management of the cancer patient with hip disease. While management of the cancer patient with routine hip pathology is relatively straightforward, the surgeon should be aware that the cancer patient may be on treatment protocols that affect wound healing, the immune system, and the risk of deep venous thrombosis. An additional factor that may complicate management of patients who have completed treatment of peripelvic cancer may be local radiation therapy, which can lead to necrosis of the acetabular bone stock.
Operating on these patients must include consultation with previous radiation therapy providers to estimate the dose sustained by the local tissues under consideration. Greater than 500 cGy has been associated with high fixation failure rates in several series. Increased rates of infection and wound healing have also been noted secondary to long-term lymphatic obliteration caused by radiation. These concerns also affect the surgeon who must manage patients with acute metastatic disease. The principles of managing metastatic disease include recognizing the presence of lesions in bone about the hip, the occasional need for biopsy, the use of radiation in sensitive tumors, surgical stabilization of impending fracture, or joint replacement when needed. The amount of tumor, as well as the effect of chemotherapy and radiation on the healing process, potentially complicates these treatment modalities.
Comparison of Stereo Disc Photographs and Alternation Flicker Using a Novel Matching Technology for Detecting Glaucoma Progression
Authors: Radcliffe Nathan M. , Sehi Mitra , Wallace Ira B. , Greenfield David S. , Krupin Theodore , Ritch Robert 
Published: September 2010

Background and Objective:
To compare agreement of automated alternation flicker and serial stereophotograph inspection for detection of progressive glaucoma.

Patients and Methods:
Serial photographs of patients with glaucoma with at least 36 months of follow-up and perimetry every 4 months were assessed by four graders using predefined criteria with both flicker and stereophotography. The main outcome measure was progressive neuroretinal rim deterioration as identified by each technique.

Results:

Forty eyes (20 patients) were included and 12 eyes progressed with perimetry. Using stereophotography, the overall agreement (kappa ± standard error) was 0.19 ± 0.06 for rim change, 0.78 ± 0.06 for disc hemorrhage, and −0.04 ± 0.06 for vessel movement. Using flicker, the overall agreement was similar for rim change (0.28 ± 0.06;
P
= .29), worse for disc hemorrhage (0.43 ± 0.06;
P
< .001), and better for vessel movement (0.22 ± 0.06;
P
= .002). The agreement between perimetric and disc progression was similar using stereophotography (0.10 ± 0.05) and flicker (0.19 ± 0.05;
P
= .20).

Conclusion:
Agreement between flicker and stereophotography was similar.
Pictorial Essay: Infants of diabetic mothers
Authors: Alorainy Ibrahim A , Barlas Nauman B , Al-Boukai Amer A 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAbout 3 to 10% of pregnancies are complicated by glycemic control abnormalities. Maternal diabetes results in significantly greater risk for antenatal, perinatal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality, as well as congenital malformations. The number of diabetic mothers is expected to rise, as more and more of the obese pediatric female population in developed and some developing countries progresses to childbearing age. Radiologists, being part of the teams managing such pregnancies, should be well aware of the findings that may be encountered in infants of diabetic mothers. Timely, accurate, and proper radiological evaluation can reduce morbidity and mortality in these infants. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the imaging findings in the various pathological conditions involving the major body systems in the offspring of women with diabetes
Case report: MR spectroscopy in pantothenate kinase-2 associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Parashari Umesh C , Aga Pallavi , Parihar Anit , Singh Ragini , Joshi Vindhya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report a case of a 13-year-old girl with Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) or pantothenate kinase-2 associated neurodegeneration (PKAN). HSD is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by a rapidly progressive extrapyramidal syndrome, dementia with optic atrophy, and retinal degeneration. It is associated with accumulation of cysteine-iron complex in the globus pallidi and substantia nigra. The MRI "eye of the tiger" sign is the characteristic. MRI spectroscopy is also characteristic. It shows markedly decreased NAA/Cr values in the globus pallidi and substantia nigra with increased mI/Cr values that suggest of gliosis.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in acute reversible toxic leukoencephalopathy: A report of two cases
Authors: Sivasubramanian S , Moorthy Srikant , Sreekumar KP , Kannan R Rajesh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAcute toxic leukoencephalopathy may be caused by endogenous or exogenous toxins. It may reverse clinically if the offending agent is withdrawn or the underlying condition is treated. However, demonstration of reversibility on imaging, especially with diffusion-weighted MRI, has been reported only very recently. We report two such cases.
Case report: Cervical spinal cord signal changes in a case of adult-onset subacute sclerosing panenchephalitis
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Kumar Subhash 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this article, we report a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in which there were central cervical cord signal changes on MRI. The spinal cord is uncommonly involved in SSPE. However, demonstration of spinal cord signal change in a patient of SSPE has significant implications for the differential diagnosis and management
Prevalence of lower extremity venous duplication
Authors: Simpson William L , Krakowsi David 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Purpose: This retrospective study was performed to determine the prevalence of lower extremity venous duplication using duplex ultrasound in the patient population of a large urban medical center. Materials and Methods: The reports of all lower extremity venous ultrasound examinations performed at our institution between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2002 were reviewed. Ultrasound examinations that were performed for purposes other than the detection of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis were excluded. The prevalence of duplication and its specific location were recorded. In addition, the prevalence of thrombus and its specific location were also recorded. Results: A total of 3118 exams were performed in 2664 patients. Of the 2664 patients, 2311 had only one examination performed during the study period; 353 patients had more than one examination performed. We found that 10.1% of patients (270/2664) had at least one venous segment duplicated and 5.4% of patients (143/2664) had a thrombus in at least one venous segment. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of both duplication and thrombus with a change in venous segment. Only 0.4% of patients (11/2664) had thrombus within a duplicated segment. Of those who had more than one examination performed, 15.3% (54/353) had the same venous segment(s) seen on one examination but not another. Conclusion: Lower extremity venous duplication is a frequent anatomic variant that is seen in 10.1% of patients, but it may not be as common as is generally believed. It can result in a false negative result for deep vein thrombosis.
Bioinspired Water‐Vapor‐Responsive Organic/Inorganic Hybrid One‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Tunable Full‐Color Stop Band
Authors: Wang Zhanhua , Zhang Junhu , Xie Jing , Li Chuang , Li Yunfeng , Liang Sen , Tian Zhicheng , Wang Tieqiang , Zhang Hao , Li Haibo , Xu Weiqing , Yang Bai 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBioinspired organic/inorganic hybrid one‐dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) are prepared by alternating thin films of titania and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) (PHEMA‐co‐PGMA) by spin‐coating, which is a simple, reproducible, and low‐cost approach. Their optical properties are tuned by changing the number of layers, incident angles, and the thickness of the layers. The color of the 1DPCs can span the entire visible spectral range when the period or the refractive index is changed. Due to the response of PHEMA‐co‐PGMA to water vapor, the 1DPCs possess fast water‐vapor responsiveness and reversible full‐color switching. The color of the 1DPCs varies from blue to green, yellow, orange, and red under differing humidities, covering the whole visible range. At high water‐vapor concentrations, the color of the 1DPCs rapidly changes from blue to red and comes back to the original state immediately after exposure to air; this behaviour is like that of some animals in nature. The repeatability of the reversible response of the 1DPCs to water vapor is perfect and can be repeated more than 100 times. The as‐prepared 1DPCs successfully combine structural color and water‐vapor sensitivity, which is promising for use as materials for colorful detection across the full color range.
Self‐Propagating Domino‐like Reactions in Oxidized Graphite
Authors: Kim Franklin , Luo Jiayan , Cruz‐Silva Rodolfo , Cote Laura J. , Sohn Kwonnam , Huang Jiaxing 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGraphite oxide (GO) has received extensive interest as a precursor for the bulk production of graphene‐based materials. Here, the highly energetic nature of GO, noted from the self‐propagating thermal deoxygenating reaction observed in solid state, is explored. Although the resulting graphene product is quite stable against combustion even in a natural gas flame, its thermal stability is significantly reduced when contaminated with potassium salt by‐products left from GO synthesis. In particular, the contaminated GO becomes highly flammable. A gentle touch with a hot soldering iron can trigger violent, catastrophic, total combustion of such GO films, which poses a serious fire hazard. This highlights the need for efficient sample purification methods. Typically, purification of GO is hindered by its tendency to gelate as the pH value increases during rinsing. A two‐step, acid–acetone washing procedure is found to be effective for suppressing gelation and thus facilitating purification. Salt‐induced flammability is alarming for the fire safety of large‐scale manufacturing, processing, and storage of GO materials. However, the energy released from the deoxygenation of GO can also be harnessed to drive new reactions for creating graphene‐based hybrid materials. Through such domino‐like reactions, graphene sheets decorated with metal and metal oxide particles are synthesized using GO as the in situ power source. Enhanced electrochemical capacitance is observed for graphene sheets loaded with RuO2 nanoparticles.
Engineering the Extracellular Environment: Strategies for Building 2D and 3D Cellular Structures
Authors: Guillame‐Gentil Orane , Semenov Oleg , Roca Ana Sala , Groth Thomas , Zahn Raphael , Vörös Janos , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCell fate is regulated by extracellular environmental signals. Receptor specific interaction of the cell with proteins, glycans, soluble factors as well as neighboring cells can steer cells towards proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis or migration. In this review, approaches to build cellular structures by engineering aspects of the extracellular environment are described. These methods include non‐specific modifications to control the wettability and stiffness of surfaces using self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as well as methods where the temporal activation and spatial distribution of adhesion ligands is controlled. Building on these techniques, construction of two‐dimensional cell sheets using temperature sensitive polymers or electrochemical dissolution is described together with current applications of these grafts in the clinical arena. Finally, methods to pattern cells in three‐dimensions as well as to functionalize the 3D environment with biologic motifs take us one step closer to being able to engineer multicellular tissues and organs.
OLEDs: Degradation Mechanisms in Small‐Molecule and Polymer Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (Adv. Mater. 34/2010)
Authors: So Franky , Kondakov Denis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDegradation in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is a complex problem. Depending upon the materials and the device architectures used, the degradation mechanism can be very different. In this Progress Report, using examples in both small molecule and polymer OLEDs, the different degradation mechanisms in two types of devices are examined. Some of the extrinsic and intrinsic degradation mechanisms in OLEDs are reviewed, and recent work on degradation studies of both small‐molecule and polymer OLEDs is presented. For small‐molecule OLEDs, the operational degradation of exemplary fluorescent devices is dominated by chemical transformations in the vicinity of the recombination zone. The accumulation of degradation products results in coupled phenomena of luminance‐efficiency loss and operating‐voltage rise. For polymer OLEDs, it is shown how the charge‐transport and injection properties affect the device lifetime. Further, it is shown how the charge balance is controlled by interlayers at the anode contact, and their effects on the device lifetime are discussed.
Copper(II) Triflate‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Homoallylic Amino Alcohols as an Expedient Route to trans‐2,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrroles and 1,2‐Dihydroquinolines
Authors: Rao Weidong , Kothandaraman Prasath , Koh Chii Boon , Chan Philip Wai Hong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new efficient synthetic route to trans‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrroles and 1,2‐dihydroquinolines that relies on copper(II) triflate‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of homoallylic amino alcohols under mild and operationally straightforward conditions is described. For reactions leading to the trans‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole product, yields of 52–83% along with trans selectivities up to >99:1 dr and ee values up to 97% were accomplished from enantioenriched 1‐(tosylamino)pent‐4‐en‐2‐ols ranging from 91–99% ee. Without the need for inert and moisture‐free conditions, reactions involving 1‐[2‐ (tosylamino)phenyl]but‐3‐en‐1‐ols afforded the corresponding 1,2‐dihydroquinoline products in excellent yields up to 99% and with complete chemoselectivity. The mechanism is suggested to involve cop‐ per(II)‐mediated dehydration of the homoallylic amino alcohol. Protonation of the resultant cop‐ per(II)‐activated aminodiene is then thought to trigger subsequent intramolecular hydroamination to give the partially hydrogenated nitrogen heterocycle.
Thermodynamic analysis of capillary flows in the presence of hydrodynamic slip
Authors: Laouir A. , Tondeur D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA thermodynamic description of liquid flows in capillaries with hydrodynamic slip at the solid–liquid interface is given. Slip over the capillary wall brings into play surface interactions and therefore involves interfacial energy and entropy. Energy and entropy balance equations are written so as to take into account surface effects. The two relations constitute a general mathematical model that allows readily analyzing various situations and to explore the behavior of such thermodynamic process. The main result derived concerns the existence of a capillary pressure of slip; slip occurrence leads to a pressure decrease in the flow and might cause cavitation. The variation in magnitude of the slip effect, viewed as a thermodynamic transformation, may take place irreversibly. Slip irreversibility and the probable occurrence of a two‐phase flow regime are possible factors that may cause additional pressure drop. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Thermal dissociation of compressed ZnO and SnO2 powders in a moving‐front solar thermochemical reactor
Authors: Chambon Marc , Abanades Stéphane , Flamant Gilles 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe high‐temperature thermal dissociation reaction of ZnO and SnO2 was investigated, as part of a two‐step thermochemical water‐splitting cycle for H2 production. A lab‐scale solar reactor (1 kW) was designed, built, and operated for continuous dissociation of volatile oxides under reduced pressure. In this reactor, compressed oxide powders placed in a vertical ceramic cavity are irradiated by highly concentrated solar energy. The reactor design allows moving the reaction front for achieving continuous reactant feeding. ZnO and SnO2 thermal dissociations were successfully performed at about 1900 K, with the recovery of up to 50% of products as nanopowders with high specific surface area (in the range 20–60 m2/g) and with mass fractions of reduced species up to 48 wt % for Zn and 72 wt % for SnO. The performed O2 measurements confirmed the kinetics of ZnO dissociation and gave an activation energy of 380 ± 16 kJ/mol, based on an ablation regime of the ZnO surface. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Monitoring of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia with frequent and rare patient‐specific NPM1 mutations
Authors: Dvorakova Dana , Racil Zdenek , Jeziskova Ivana , Palasek Ivo , Protivankova Marketa , Lengerova Martina , Razga Filip , Mayer Jiri 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations in exon 12 are the most common genetic alternation in cytogenetically normal AML (CN‐AML). Although mutation types A, B, and D represent the majority of cases, rare mutation variants of the NPM1 gene in individual patients do occur. In this study, we have evaluated a novel, DNA‐based real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ‐PCR) for the detection of three of the most commonly occurring mutations and for six rare patient‐specific mutation types, which represent 28% of all of the NPM1 mutations in our group of 25 CN‐AML patients. Furthermore, the prognostic relevance of NPM1‐based monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and in specific cell subsets (CD34+, CD34−, CD34dim) of BM were evaluated. In 80% of the evaluable patients, a molecular relapse preceded a hematological relapse. Moreover, in this subset of patients, the molecular relapse occurred at a median of 97 days before the hematological relapse. Our compartment analysis showed a strong correlation between BM and PB (r = 0.907, P < 0.001) as well as a high copy number of mutated NPM1 in CD34+ BM cells. In conclusion, we have demonstrated applicability of our presented RQ‐PCR method for a large percentage of mutated NPM1 patients with CN‐AML as well as the usefulness for long‐term follow‐up monitoring of MRD and the prediction of hematological relapse. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transport of copper, nickel and zinc ions across ultrafiltration membrane based on modified polysulfone and cellulose acetate
Authors: Arthanareeswaran Gangasalam , Thanikaivelan Palanisamy 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this work, an attempt has been made to separate divalent copper, nickel and zinc ions from aqueous solutions by modified polymeric membranes. Membranes from polysulfone (PSf) and cellulose acetate (CA) were prepared in the absence and presence of the hydrophilic polymer, sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) and additive, polyethyleneglycol (PEG 600), in various compositions. Studies were carried out to find the rejection and permeate flux of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) ions using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the chelating ligand. On increasing concentrations of SPEEK and PEG in PSf and CA casting solution, the rejection of metal ions is decreasing while the permeate flux has an increasing trend. These effects are due to the increased pore formation in the PSf and CA membranes because of the hydrophilic polymer and additive. In general, it was found that CA/SPEEK/PEG blend membranes displayed higher permeate flux and lower rejection compared to PSf/SPEEK/PEG blend membranes at all additive concentrations. It has also been demonstrated that the extent of removal of metal ions depend on the affinity of metal ions to PEI to form macromolecular complexes and the thermodynamic stability of the formed complexes. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diversity, abundance, and size structure of bivalve assemblages in the Sipsey River, Alabama
Authors: Haag Wendell R. , Warren Melvin L. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Patterns of mussel diversity and assemblage structure in the Sipsey River, Alabama, are described. Qualitative data were used to describe river‐wide patterns of diversity. Quantitative data were used to describe the structure of mussel assemblages at several sites based on whole‐substrate sampling that ensured all size classes were detected.
Major human impacts to the stream are limited to apparent effects of coal mining in the headwaters and the impoundment of the lower 9 km of the river by a dam on the Tombigbee River. These impacts resulted in a sharp decline in mussel diversity in the headwaters, and extirpation or decline of populations of several large‐river species in the lower river that were probably dependent on colonization from the Tombigbee River.
Despite localized impacts, mussel assemblages throughout much of the river appear to be mostly intact and self‐sustaining. These assemblages have several attributes that differ substantially from those in more degraded streams: (1) high retention of historical species richness; (2) gradual, longitudinal increase in species richness from upstream to downstream, resulting in distinctive headwater and downstream assemblages; (3) ubiquity of most species within particular river segments; (4) low dominance and high evenness with large populations of many species; and (5) frequent recruitment for most species resulting in occurrence of individuals in many size classes.
Few detailed and demographically unbiased descriptions of relatively intact mussel assemblages exist. We propose that characteristics described in the Sipsey River can be used as a baseline comparison for assessing relative degree of assemblage alteration in other streams and can serve as goals for restoration efforts. Published in 2010 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.