bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of soil organic matter, fertiliser formulation and season on fertiliser nitrogen use efficiency in temperate pastures
Authors: Belyaeva Oxana , Ward Graeme , Wijesinghe Thushari , Chen Deli , Suter Helen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntensively grazed dairy systems use high inputs of fertiliser nitrogen (N), and often supplementary irrigation, to ensure adequate pasture production to support milk output and meet the growing food demand. However, the efficiency of N use in these systems can be low and potential environmental impacts high. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that (1) use of two inhibitors, the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphorictriamide (NBTPT) and the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) reduced N loss and improved pasture production compared to conventional N fertiliser (urea) in irrigated temperate perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) dairy pasture, and (2) their efficiency was affected by soil and environmental parameters. The effect of repeated applications of urea, at different rates, and the inhibitors were studied on pasture production and agronomic apparent fertiliser N use efficiency (NUE) over 2.5 years. The fate of a single application of N was determined through recovery of 15N-labeled fertiliser applied at 20 and 40 kg N ha−1 was studied in the field for one year. The highest yield and NUE occurred in spring–summer (from August to February) reflecting optimal growing conditions. The highest NUE occurred at low rates of urea application (20 and 40 kg N ha−1). Mineralisation played a key role in supplying N to pasture with 64–82% of total plant N derived from soil organic matter (SOM). Less than 50% of the applied N was recovered in the pasture (37–43%) with a large component retained in the soil (26–43% after one year, 0–40 cm), and slowly released in small amounts (< 2%) to the pasture over time, highlighting the abundant capacity of the native soil N pool to supply pasture N. Loss of N fertiliser (14–31%) was attributed to primarily ammonia (NH3) volatilisation and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. Use of the inhibitors NBTPT and DMPP did not significantly affect pasture yield or NUE, most likely because fertiliser N saved with the inhibitors only played a minor role in plant nutrition with the majority of the plant nutrition provided by the soil organic matter pool.
Donor-induced electrically charged defect levels: examining the role of indium and n-type defect-complexes in germanium
Authors: Igumbor Emmanuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDefect levels induced by defect-complexes in Ge play important roles in device fabrication, characterization, and processing. However, only a few defect levels induced by defect-complexes have been studied, hence limiting the knowledge of how to control the activities of numerous unknown defect-complexes in Ge. In this study, hybrid density functional theory calculations of defect-complexes involving oversize atom (indium) and n-type impurity atoms in Ge were performed. The formation energies, defect-complex stability, and electrical characteristics of induced defect levels in Ge were predicted. Under equilibrium conditions, the formation energy of the defect-complexes was predicted to be within the range of 5.90–11.38 eV. The defect-complexes formed by P and In atoms are the most stable defects with binding energy in the range of 3.31-3.33 eV. Defect levels acting as donors were induced in the band gap of the host Ge. Additionally, while shallow defect levels close to the conduction band were strongly induced by the interactions of Sb, P, and As interstitials with dopant (In), the double donors resulting from the interactions between P, As, N, and the host atoms including In atom are deep, leading to recombination centers. The results of this study could be applicable in device characterization, where the interaction of In atom and n-type impurities in Ge is essential. This report is important as it provides a theoretical understanding of the formation and control of donor-related defect-complexes in Ge.
An examination of pre-service mathematics teachers’ course-taking, beliefs, and preferred assessment practices
Authors: Wellberg Sarah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study uses structural equation modeling to investigate the relationships between pre-service teachers’ (PSTs’) course-taking history, beliefs about mathematics, beliefs about students’ mathematical ability, and opinions about (1) how student errors should be addressed when they occur and (2) how much emphasis should be given to various forms of assessment. The results indicate that some types of courses are strongly associated with beliefs about the nature of mathematics. Specifically, PSTs who have taken more mathematics courses are more likely to see mathematics as a set of rules. PSTs’ views about mathematics strongly predict their beliefs about who can do high-level mathematics, how they think student errors should be addressed, and which forms of assessment they think are most appropriate. Implications for teacher preparation programs are discussed.
Analysis of historical and future cooling degree days over Türkiye for facade design and energy efficiency in buildings
Authors: Bilgili Ayşegül , Çelik Kasım , Bilgili Mehmet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn today’s examination of optimal facade design for buildings, facade performance has a significant influence on cooling energy consumption. Cooling degree days (CDD) is regarded as a basic and straightforward approach for predicting building cooling energy consumption. Accurate seasonal trend forecasting of the CDD plays a vital role in estimating the energy demand for building cooling. Unfortunately, there are no published statistics or research on Turkey’s CDD data for the following years. The monthly mean CDD data of Türkiye were created in this study utilizing data from the Turkish State Meteorological Service for the historical period from 1991 to 2022. The Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) approach was used to model the CDD data, and a time series forecast was performed. The SARIMA model was used to forecast the future trend of CDD from 2023 to 2040. The monthly and yearly CDD statistics were presented as figures, while the yearly CDD maps for Türkiye were created using the ArcGIS software program. Finally, CDD zones that require more attention to the most appropriate facade design in terms of energy efficiency for buildings in Türkiye were identified and classified.
StereoThermoLegs: label propagation with multimodal stereo cameras for automated annotation of posterior legs during running at different velocities
Authors: Andrés López Daniel , Hillen Barlo , Nägele Markus , Simon Perikles , Schömer Elmar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn sports science, thermal imaging is applied to investigate various questions related to exercise-induced stress response, muscle fatigue, anomalies, and diseases. Infrared thermography monitors thermal radiation from the skin’s surface over time. For further analysis, regions of interest are extracted and statistically analyzed. Although computer vision algorithms have grown in recent years due to data-driven approaches, this is not the case for detailed segmentation in thermal images. In a supervised manner, machine learning optimizations require a large amount of training data with input and ground truth output data. Unfortunately, obtaining annotated data are a costly problem that increases with the complexity of the task. For semantic segmentation, pixel-wise label masks must be created by experts. Few datasets meet the needs of sports scientists and physicians to perform advanced applications of thermal computer vision during physical activity and generate new insights in their fields. In this paper, a new method is introduced to transfer segmentation masks from the vision domain to the thermal domain with a stereo-calibrated time-of-flight camera and high-resolution mid-wave infrared camera. A post-processing procedure is then utilized to obtain dense pixel masks for the posterior legs during walking and running on a treadmill. The developed StereoThermoLegs dataset is based on 14 participants and includes 11 subjects for training with 12,826 thermograms and the remaining three individuals for testing with 3433 images. A deep neural network was trained with the DeepLabv3+ architecture, the AdaBelief optimizer, and Dice loss as a benchmark. After 29 epochs, the test set achieved an average intersection over union of 0.66. The analysis of the posterior leg region, specifically the left and right calf, offered the most insights, with values of 0.83 and 0.83, respectively. The first multimodal stereo dataset containing synchronized visual and thermal images of a runner’s back provides a starting point for data-driven segmentation tasks in sports science and medicine. Our technique allows for automatic production of customized datasets for deep learning, accelerating the implementation of baseline outcomes for newly identified areas of interest in thermal imaging, while bypassing the requirement for extensive manual annotation. The approach is not exclusive to stereo rig and segmentation tasks utilizing RGBD and thermal cameras, but can be applied to other imaging tasks and modalities.
The Soulsification of video games
Authors: Guzsvinecz Tibor 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Soulsification process emerged during video game development and it influenced both player experience and industry practices. This phenomenon began to manifest following the commercial success of early Souls games such as Demon’s Souls and Dark Souls, which are renowned for their punishing gameplay difficulty, complex level design, and methodical combat mechanics. This process reshapes the design of video games by making them similar to those mentioned above, and it is increasingly adopted by developers. Consequently, they become so-called Soulslike games which are influenced by FromSoftware’s Souls series. To understand this phenomenon, the number of Soulslike video game releases is analyzed. Furthermore, to understand player opinions about these games, a questionnaire was created and completed by 100 participants. The results indicate that the Soulsification process commenced in 2014, persists, and will likely continue into the future. Similarly, players generally embrace this genre and report an overall positive experience with it. These findings can inform the development of future Soulslike games.
Speed limits in traffic emission models using multi-objective optimization
Authors: Göttlich Simone , Herty Michael , Ulke Alena 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Climate change compels a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, yet vehicular traffic still contributes significantly to the emission of air pollutants. Hence, in this paper we focus on the optimization of traffic flow while simultaneously minimizing air pollution using speed limits as controllable parameters. We introduce a framework of traffic emission models to simulate the traffic dynamic as well as the production and spread of air pollutants. We formulate a multi-objective optimization problem for the optimization of multiple aspects of vehicular traffic. The results show that multi-objective optimization can be a valuable tool in traffic emission modeling as it allows to find optimal compromises between ecological and economic objectives.
M-truncated fractional form of the perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu equation: optical solitons, bifurcation, sensitivity analysis, and chaotic behaviors
Authors: Kopçasız Bahadır , Yaşar Emrullah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis investigation discusses the modified M-truncated form of the perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu (pCLL) dynamical equation. The pCLL equation is a generalization of the original CLL equation, which describes the propagation of optical solitons in optical fibers. The pCLL equation includes additional terms that account for various influences such as chromatic dispersion, nonlinear dispersion, inter-modal dispersion, and self-steepening. A new version of the generalized exponential rational function method is utilized to obtain multifarious types of soliton solutions. Moreover, the planar dynamical system of the concerned equation is created using a Hamiltonian transformation, all probable phase portraits are given, and sensitive inspection is applied to check the sensitivity of the considered equation. Furthermore, after adding a perturbed term, chaotic and quasi-periodic behaviors have been observed for different values of parameters, and multistability is reported at the end. Numerical simulations of the solutions are added to the analytical results to better understand the dynamic behavior of these solutions. The study’s findings could be extremely useful in solving additional nonlinear partial differential equations.
Effects of Demonstrating Consensus Between Robots to Change User’s Opinion
Authors: Sakai Kazuki , Mitsuda Koh , Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Higashinaka Ryuichiro , Minato Takashi , Ishiguro Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the research of humanoid robots that can change users’ opinions has been conducted extensively. In particular, two robots have been found to be able to improve their persuasiveness by cooperating with each other in a sophisticated manner. Previous studies have evaluated the changes in opinions when robots showed consensus building. However, users did not participate in the conversations, and the optimal strategy may change depending on their prior opinions. Therefore, in this study, we developed a system that adaptively changes conversations between robots based on user opinions. We investigate the effect on the change in opinions when the discussion converges to the same position as the user and when it converges to a different position. We conducted two subject experiments in which a user and virtual robotic agents talked to each other using buttons in a crowded setting. The results showed that users with confidence in their opinions increased their confidence when the robot agents’ opinions converged to the same position and decreased their confidence when the robot agents’ opinions converged to a different position. This will significantly contribute to persuasion research using multiple robots and the development of advanced dialogue coordination between robots.
Georesources in Cultural Heritage: the Mg/Ca Ratio in Lime as a Marker of Variations in the Exploitation of Lime Stones in the Vercelli Area (Piemonte, Italy) over the Centuries
Authors: Mancini S. , Gambino F. , Dino G. A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArchaeological investigations in the rural settlements of the Po Valley in the Piedmont region of Northern Italy, particularly in the Monferrato area, have revealed a wide range of structures dating from the Roman to the Early Medieval periods. This rural architecture is of great heritage value, as it provides insights into the historical development of Piedmont.This paper focuses on the analysis of lime, one of the oldest and most important building materials, used as binder of bedding mortars of three archaeological rural buildings sites dating from the Early Roman imperial Period to the Late Antique phases of medieval fortified centers of Piedmont region.A low-cost and efficient diagnostic geochemical-based method based on the characterization of two oxides present in the lime of mortars and in carbonate rocks of the area (MgO and CaO) is presented. Exploited limestone quarries exploited often have a fairly constant chemical composition and therefore a typical geological Mg/Ca ratio. The variation in this ratio is useful for the relative dating of building walls and for identifying of geological formations and quarries possibly used during the different architectural phases. This paper focuses on this second objective: the study of potential supply areas across the ages related to the ancient communication routes.
Determinants of unhealthy BMI among women of childbearing age in Bangladesh
Authors: Khudri Md Mohsan , Osmani Ahmad Reshad , Okunade Albert A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigated the determinants of unhealthy BMI categories, namely underweight, overweight, and obesity, for urban and rural women of childbearing age in Bangladesh. Multilevel nested logistic models were estimated using data from multiple waves (2004–18) of the Demographic and Health Surveys of Bangladesh. After controlling for community and regional effects, the underweight status showed an inverse relationship with years of education for urban and rural women. Conversely, the fitted model estimates revealed a positive association between overweight risk and education for both urban and rural women populations. However, the association between obesity and education was significant for only urban women. Employment status appeared to be negatively associated with the risks of being overweight and obese in both population groups. Moreover, the women were found less likely to be underweight and more likely to be overweight and obese when their household socio-economic status improved. Study findings have the potential to inform a wide range of interventions, policies and programs that simultaneously address the adverse consequences of underweight, overweight, and/obese population health conditions in rural and urban Bangladesh.
DNA simulation benchmarks revealed with the accumulation of high-resolution structures
Authors: Olson Wilma K. , Young Robert T. , Czapla Luke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDNA carries more than the list of biochemical instructions that drive the basic functions of living systems. The sequence of base pairs includes a multitude of structural and energetic signals that determine the degree to which the long, threadlike molecule moves and how it responds to proteins and other molecules involved in its processing and packaging. The arrangements of successive base pairs in high-resolution protein-DNA crystal structures provide useful benchmarks for atomic-level simulations of double-helical DNA as well as information potentially useful in interpreting the properties of specific DNA sequences. The set of currently available structures has enough examples to characterize the conformational preferences of the DNA base-pair steps within the context of their immediate neighbors, i.e., in the context of tetramers, and reveals surprising effects of certain neighbors on local chain properties. The proteins in contact with DNA present various microenvironments that sense and/or induce the observed spatial forms. The cumulative buildup of amino-acid atoms in different protein-DNA complexes produces a binding cloud around the double helix with subtle sequence-dependent features. While the microenvironment presented by each protein to DNA is highly unique, the overall composition of amino-acid atoms within close range of DNA in a broad collection of structures is fairly uniform. The buildup of protein atoms of different types around the DNA provides new information for the improvement of nucleic acid force fields and fresh ideas for the exploration of the properties of DNA in solution.
Parental Reflective Capacities: A Scoping Review of Mindful Parenting and Parental Reflective Functioning
Authors: Huynh Tuyen , Kerr Margaret L. , Kim Christina N. , Fourianalistyawati Endang , Chang Vickie Ya-Rong , Duncan Larissa G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Two key parental reflective capacities—mindful parenting (MP) and parental reflective functioning (PRF) — have been shown to promote healthy parent-child relationships through parents’ increased sensitivity and responsiveness to their children’s needs in spite of parenting stressors. Despite the theoretical overlap between these two constructs, researchers have continued to examine them independently. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to review the overlapping and distinctive outcomes and correlates in the empirical MP and PRF literatures.

Method
A comprehensive literature search across the MP and PRF literature for studies published from 2005 through early 2020 (pre-COVID-19 pandemic) was conducted.

Results
A review of 301 articles (n = 180 MP and n = 121 PRF) revealed overlapping study outcomes and correlates, including improvement in parent and child well-being, parenting behaviors, and attachment. Both MP and PRF literatures suggest MP and PRF are amenable to intervention-induced changes, although mostly documented in White mothers, which results may not be generalizable to diverse populations.

Conclusions
Researchers should consider the impact MP and PRF have on positive family relationships. Results suggest that scholars should consider investigating and intervening on MP and PRF simultaneously. Specifically, results identified MP and PRF convergent associations and perhaps synergistic impacts on positive parenting behaviors. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Preregistration
This review was not preregistered.
Changes in Online Sexual Activities During the Lockdown Caused by COVID-19 in Spain: “INSIDE” Project
Authors: Ballester-Arnal Rafael , García-Barba Marta , Elipe-Miravet Marcel , Castro-Calvo Jesús , Gil-Llario Maria Dolores 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The lockdown, as a measure to stop the spread of COVID-19, has had an impact on different areas of our life, including sexuality. This study aims to analyze its impact on online sexual activities (OSAs) in people who lived in Spain during confinement.

Methods
This study involved 1448 people aged 18–60 years who were assessed through an online survey during confinement in Spain (April, 2020). The design of this study was a cross-sectional design, in which information on OSA before confinement and OSA, physical and social environment, and other variables related to gender and negative mood during confinement were collected at a single point in time.

Results
Our results show that both men and women, regardless of their sexual orientation, have experienced an increase in time and frequency invested in OSAs. In addition, individuals have also innovated their OSAs, for example, contacting sex workers. Factors such as high sexual desire, being a man, and consuming pornography were positively related to the frequency of ASOs during confinement, while high sexual desire and sexting were related to the time spent on ASOs during confinement.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 lockdown has had an impact on online sexuality. Both men and women have experienced an increase in their online sexual activity during confinement. In addition, some factors related to the increase in the time and frequency of OSAs are identified.

Policy Implications
Identifying how these changes have been during this very restrictive period and what factors related to the increase in OSAs can help us prevent possible consequences in similar scenarios.