bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A grasp of police research: characteristics of empirical research on police careers based on multiple scoping reviews
Authors: Stevens Anse , Mangelschots Axelle , Feys Yinthe , Verhage Antoinette 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis article provides an overview of the literature characteristics of empirical research on topics related to police careers from 2000 to 2021. Methodology, distribution in time and space and types of publication are presented. Recommendations for new research avenues are given.Design/methodology/approachEight scoping reviews on specific topics were carried out by criminology students under the close guidance and supervision of the first author, an academic researcher. The reviews followed the same procedure, enabling an overarching reflection.FindingsThe scoping reviews resulted in 179 unique publications for analysis. It appears that the topic of police professional competencies is studied more often in the field of police careers (n = 55), in contrast to informal learning in police training (n = 4) which was studied the least frequently. Since 2012, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of publications. Publications in scientific journals are by far the most common (n = 153), as is a quantitative research design (n = 123). All topics have been studied in Europe and North America.Research limitations/implicationsMore qualitative research and international dissemination of empirical results are recommended to gain a deeper understanding of police careers. As for the limitations, specific topics were selected, which limits the scope of the findings. Working with students for data collection has its benefits in terms of workload, but comes with potential limitations in terms of quality. It is recommended to conduct a screening using the four-eyed principle, as was done here by the first and second authors. Additionally, the review protocol (e.g. keywords and databases) has an influence on the outcome. Different choices may lead to different results.Originality/valueA comprehensive analysis of police career literature is made based on eight scoping reviews that followed the same procedure. It allows to study the literature in a broad sense rather than studying one topic in depth.
A comparative and experimental study to evaluate the use of nanocontainer solutions for removing polymeric coatingsfrom glass artifacts
Authors: Eloriby Rania Abdel Gwad , Mohamed Wael Sabry , Mohamed Hamdy Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of nanocontainer solutions in removing deteriorated and aged polymers commonly used in coating and consolidating archaeological glass.

Design/methodology/approach
This study focused on characterizing glass surfaces coated with two commonly used polymeric materials in archaeological glass preservation. Furthermore, the study evaluates the elimination of these coatings from the surfaces by using innovative aqueous systems composed of micellar solutions (MS) and oil-in-water (O/W) Texapon-P microemulsions (TEX). Glass samples coated with selected polymers were subjected to thermal and photochemical aging to simulate natural degradation conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nanocontainer aqueous systems compared to acetone (Ac), a conventional solvent commonly used for removal procedures. The characterization procedures involved transmission electron microscopy, USB digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, color alteration and gravimetric measurement.

Findings
The findings indicate that the effectiveness of novel techniques using aqueous nanocontainer systems is quite promising when considering a “green approach” to preserving cultural heritage. Microscopic examination demonstrated the efficacy of MS in effectively removing acrylic and vinyl polymers from the glass surface. Furthermore, TEX proved effective in removing polyvinyl acetate (PVA) over Paraloid B72 (B-72). In addition, the measurement of color alteration values revealed a decrease after using MS compared to the standard sample before applying the polymers, with values of ΔE = 1.48 and 1.82 for B-72 polymer and PVA, respectively.

Originality/value
This research provides nanocontainer solutions for removing aged polymers from the glass surface. This makes the current study a promising step for treating archaeological glass.
In-service training for improving the quality of English language teaching in Zanzibar’s secondary schools
Authors: Abdala Jafari , Juma Sharifa 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate an in-service training (INSET) programme for improving the quality of English language teaching in Zanzibar’s secondary schools. Specifically, there were two objectives: i) to explore the teachers’ views on the zanzibar improvement students prospect (ZISP) training programme in improving the English language teaching techniques in secondary schools in Zanzibar and ii) to find out the organisational support provided to teachers when they are using the skills and knowledge acquired from the ZISP teaching programme.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a qualitative research approach, particularly the case-study design. It used interviews to collect qualitative data that was analysed thematically. Twelve English language teachers from seven secondary schools who had benefited from the ZISP teaching programme and five headmasters from five schools participated in the study as respondents.

Findings
The study found that the ZISP training programme equipped teachers with pedagogical skills useful for preparing lessons and materials, using technology in teaching and providing timely feedback to students. In terms of support, teachers receive materials and motivation from various organisations.

Research limitations/implications
This study focused on ordinary teachers and headmasters. Nevertheless, other studies could use classroom observation, focus group discussion, document review or survey questionnaire to evaluate the impact of the programme and look at how the skills obtained are used in the teaching and learning of the English language. In addition, this study involved 12 participants who were teachers and headmasters, respectively. Other studies could include students, their families, employers and non-teaching staff. This would provide a holistic view of how the stakeholders perceive the INSET programme.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding the benefits and organisational support teachers receive after participating in the INSET training programme in Zanzibar. Thus, teachers need regular exposure to INSET so that they improve the quality of their teaching.
The impact of flaxseed oil on lipid profiles, weight loss, and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tabrizi Reza , Azizi Zahra , Bazmi Sina , Keshavarzian Omid , Akbari Maryam , Karimimoghadam Zeinab , Haghpanah Abdolreza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudies investigating the effects of flaxseed oil on lipid profiles, weight loss, and inflammatory markers have produced inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to explore the impact of flaxseed oil on these parameters in hemodialysis patients. The study protocol was registered online (PROSPERO number: CRD42023484076). The meta‐analyses showed a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD = −85.78 mg/dL, 95% CI: −155.24 to −16.32, I2 = 98.32%) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD = −2.66 mg/L, 95% CI: −4.07 to −1.24, I2 = 92.26%) following consumption of flaxseed oil. Subgroup analyses revealed significant changes in LDL‐C, HDL‐C, and TC levels only in trials utilizing a dosage higher than 10 g per day and using ground flaxseed oil. Based on the results, flaxseed oil improves CRP and TG levels, and higher doses positively affect lipid profiles. However, it has no significant effect on anthropometric measures.
Heterogeneous effects of Medicaid expansion on food security measures
Authors: Byrne Anne T. , Katare Bhagyashree , Lowrey John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe 2014 Affordable Care Act (ACA) included state‐level Medicaid expansion programs, which have been credited with gains in food security for low‐income, able‐bodied, childless adults without dependents (ABAWDs). Yet, ABAWDs represent a diverse cohort who experience disparities along racial and ethnic lines, which could be partly responsible for differences in health‐related outcomes. This study uses data from the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement to estimate the heterogeneous effect of ACA Medicaid expansion on food security among ABAWDs by race, ethnicity, and income. We find that Medicaid expansion improved food security for households headed by White ABAWDs—particularly those with incomes above 50% of the federal poverty line—but we do not find similarly significant evidence of gains among some historically marginalized populations. We find weak evidence that suggests that households headed by Hispanic ABAWDs may have experienced gains. However, Black‐headed ABAWD households had significantly worse food insecurity relative to the pooled sample of all races and ethnicities. Our results suggest that the relationship between healthcare access and food security is complex and, although spillover effects from a change in healthcare policy can influence food security status, such effects may not be equitably distributed across race, ethnicity, or income.
Ecogeographic rules in a common Neotropical treefrog: No clinal variation along a mountain range
Authors: Escalona Moisés , Gelambi Mariana , Hoyos‐Díaz José M. , Biganzoli‐Rangel Alejandro J. , Simões Pedro Ivo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBody and limb size are associated with many aspects of the biology of animals. Geographic variation in morphological traits has often been investigated through ecogeographical rules. Bergmann's rule posits an inverse relationship between body size and temperature in homeotherms, while Allen's rule posits that endothermic animals inhabiting colder climates have relatively shorter protruding parts (e.g., limbs) in comparison to populations from warmer climates. However, the applicability and validity of these rules in poikilotherms are currently contentious. In this study, we aimed to test predictions of Bergmann's and Allen's rules in populations of the Neotropical frog Boana platanera. We analysed 142 adult male museum specimens from 17 localities along a mountain range in western Venezuela. We obtained six external morphological measurements and assessed the correlation of body size and limb size with temperature data for each locality. Our results were contrary to the expectations but consistent with previous studies. All this together indicates that exceptions to the Bergmann's and Allen's rules are frequent and idiosyncratic in anurans. We discuss alternative hypotheses that could explain geographic variation of body and limb size in future studies.
Demographic modeling of the endangered subtropical rainforest shrub Graptophyllum reticulatum
Authors: Richer Amaya , Shimizu Yoko , Shapcott Alison 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe subtropical rainforest shrub Graptophyllum reticulatum (Acanthaceae) occurs in only a few populations within a 20‐kilometer range in the Sunshine Coast, south‐east Queensland, Australia. This endangered plant has been subject to habitat degradation and loss, mostly due to land clearing and urbanization. In the past decades, conservation measures such as land protection and translocation have been put in place to protect the species' wild populations. The aim of the study was to analyze the viability of the species' populations in the long term while assessing the effectiveness of land protection and translocation. Demographic data was collected every decade since 2000; for this study, we resurveyed all known populations including a translocated population and two recently discovered populations. We found that the average number of plants per population has doubled since 2000, except in one population that underwent land clearing. However, after being reduced by 70%, plant abundance in this population has been increasing, giving evidence of natural post‐clearing recovery. We developed population growth models for population viability analysis in best, average, and worst‐case scenarios to predict the species' viability over the next 100 years. All populations are expected to grow in the next 100 years, except in the worst‐case scenario in which removing land protection from the model led to an 80% decline in the total number of plants within 100 years, highlighting the importance of land protection for species' conservation. Overall, if current conservation efforts are maintained, this endangered species is likely to persist for the next 100 years.
Further characterisation of late somatosensory evoked potentials using electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram source imaging
Authors: Hssain‐Khalladi Sahar , Giron Alain , Huneau Clément , Gitton Christophe , Schwartz Denis , George Nathalie , Le Van Quyen Michel , Marrelec Guillaume , Marchand‐Pauvert Véronique 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBeside the well‐documented involvement of secondary somatosensory area, the cortical network underlying late somatosensory evoked potentials (P60/N60 and P100/N100) is still unknown. Electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram source imaging were performed to further investigate the origin of the brain cortical areas involved in late somatosensory evoked potentials, using sensory inputs of different strengths and by testing the correlation between cortical sources. Simultaneous high‐density electroencephalograms and magnetoencephalograms were performed in 19 participants, and electrical stimulation was applied to the median nerve (wrist level) at intensity between 1.5 and 9 times the perceptual threshold. Source imaging was undertaken to map the stimulus‐induced brain cortical activity according to each individual brain magnetic resonance imaging, during three windows of analysis covering early and late somatosensory evoked potentials. Results for P60/N60 and P100/N100 were compared with those for P20/N20 (early response). According to literature, maximal activity during P20/N20 was found in central sulcus contralateral to stimulation site. During P60/N60 and P100/N100, activity was observed in contralateral primary sensorimotor area, secondary somatosensory area (on both hemispheres) and premotor and multisensory associative cortices. Late responses exhibited similar characteristics but different from P20/N20, and no significant correlation was found between early and late generated activities. Specific clusters of cortical activities were activated with specific input/output relationships underlying early and late somatosensory evoked potentials. Cortical networks, partly common to and distinct from early somatosensory responses, contribute to late responses, all participating in the complex somatosensory brain processing.
A multicenter, randomized, open‐label, phase 2 clinical study of telitacicept in adult patients with generalized myasthenia gravis
Authors: Yin Jian , Zhao Mingming , Xu Xianhao , Zhang Meini , Xu Zucai , Li Zunbo , Qin Xinyue , Li Zhuyi , Zhao Chongbo , Zhou Hongyu , Ma Ying , Cao Wenfeng , Wang Guoping , Lin Yongzhong , Zhang Jizhong , Zhang Xu , Cai Hongbin , Qian Weidong , Wang Yiqi , Zhang Xinghu , Liu Guangzhi , Wang Jiawei , Qiu Wei , Min Lianqiu , Li Jing , Deng Hui , Chu Lan , Zhang Yifan , Fang Jianmin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of telitacicept in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) who tested positive for acetylcholine receptor antibodies or muscle‐specific kinase antibodies and were receiving standard‐of‐care therapy.MethodsPatients meeting the eligibility criteria were randomly assigned to receive telitacicept subcutaneously once a week for 24 weeks in addition to standard‐of‐care treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change in the quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) score from baseline to week 24. Secondary efficacy endpoints included mean change in QMG score from baseline to week 12 and gMG clinical absolute score from baseline to week 24. Additionally, safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics were assessed.ResultsTwenty‐nine of the 41 patients screened were randomly selected and enrolled. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) reduction in QMG score from baseline to week 24 was 7.7 (± 5.34) and 9.6 (± 4.29) in the 160 mg and 240 mg groups, respectively. At week 12, mean reductions in QMG scores for these two groups were 5.8 (± 5.85) and 9.5 (± 5.03), respectively, indicating rapid clinical improvement. Safety analysis revealed no adverse events leading to discontinuation or mortalities. All patients showed consistent reductions in serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG and IgM levels throughout the study.ConclusionTelitacicept demonstrated safety, good tolerability and reduced clinical severity throughout the study period. Further validation of the clinical efficacy of telitacicept in gMG will be conducted in an upcoming phase 3 clinical trial.
Successful reconstruction of a bilateral comminuted mandibular fracture in a foal using 2.7 locking compression plates
Authors: Henriksson Sofie , Gorvy Dylan , Skärlina Elin 
Published: May 2024

SummaryA 23‐day‐old foal presented to the hospital with difficulty nursing and closing the mouth 2 days after sustaining a kick to the head. Computed tomography revealed a bilateral, complete, closed, comminuted fracture of the vertical ramus of the mandible. The fractures were repaired using open reduction and internal fixation with two 2.7 mm locking compression plates (LCPs) applied to the caudal and ventral aspects of each mandibular ramus. The surgery resulted in excellent fracture healing without any long‐term complications. Facial nerve paralysis was noted postoperatively but resolved within 14 days. The implants were removed after six and a half weeks, and the foal made a full recovery.
Long‐time high‐pressure processing of a patatin‐rich potato proteins isolate: impact on aggregation and surface properties
Authors: Bahri Asma , Charpentier Claudine , Khati Paula , Parc Rozenn Le , Chevalier‐Lucia Dominique , Picart‐Palmade Laetitia 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn this study, a 4% (w/w) dispersion of a commercial patatin‐rich potato protein isolate (Po‐PI) was pressurised at 400 MPa up to 48 h at 20 °C. Protein aggregation induced by high‐pressure processing (HHP) was followed by dynamic light scattering, intrinsic fluorescence (in‐situ or ex‐situ) or SAXS analysis. Surface properties (surface hydrophobicity and interfacial properties) of the HHP‐induced aggregates were also investigated. A gradual dimer dissociation/protein unfolding was observed under pressure. Po‐PI exhibited a slow relaxation time under pressure. Long‐time HHP (>4 h) induced significant modification of the Po‐PI protein structure with partial non‐reversible unfolding. After 48 h of pressurisation at 400 MPa, large aggregates (160 nm) were obtained and a monomodal distribution in intensity and in number frequency was observed indicating a controlled aggregation. Up to 24 h of pressurisation at 400 MPa, intermediate states were obtained after high‐pressure release. SDS‐PAGE profiles showed that HHP‐induced aggregation of Po‐PI was driven by non‐covalent interactions. All high‐pressure processed dispersions displayed a higher surface hydrophobicity as compared to non‐treated Po‐PI. Po‐PI dispersion treated for 8 h at 400 MPa presented the lowest adsorption rate, the highest final surface tension and formed the most rigid interfacial film. Po‐PI showed resistance to moderate pressure levels (400 MPa) and long pressure application times were required to induce significant protein denaturation/aggregation (≥24 h) and to optimally modify its interfacial properties (8 h).
The patient's perspective on participation in a multidisciplinary team meeting: A phenomenological study
Authors: Berben Kevin , Walgrave Emily , Bergs Jochen , Van Hecke Ann , Dierckx Eva , Verhaeghe Sofie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn mental health care settings, inpatients are increasingly engaged in their care process, allowing them to participate in multidisciplinary team meetings. Research into how mental health patients (MHPs) experience participating in such meetings is, however, limited. This study aimed to explore inpatients' experiences when participating in multidisciplinary team meetings in a Belgian inpatient mental health unit. This study used a phenomenological design with data collection including semistructured interviews. Twelve individuals participated in the study. Participants were MHPs admitted to a mental health unit that works according to the model of recovery‐oriented mental health practice. Findings were analysed utilising thematic analysis. Results showed that the MHPs' experiences were mainly positive but intense. Themes included: ‘Feeling honoured to be invited’, ‘Sense of obligation’, ‘Feeling nervous’, ‘Transparency in team members’ insights', ‘Feeling supported by the (primary) nurse’ and ‘Duality about the presence of relatives’. By taking these findings into account, (mental) healthcare workers gain insight into the patient's lived experiences, allowing them to provide more person‐centred care when inpatients participate in multidisciplinary team meetings. Moreover, these findings can support mental health units in implementing or optimising patient participation in multidisciplinary team meetings. Finally, other (mental health) patients can also benefit from these findings as it can help them to put feelings and thoughts into perspective when participating in a multidisciplinary team meeting during a hospital admittance.
Emergency department staff experiences of working with people who self‐harm: A qualitative examination of barriers to optimal care
Authors: Veresova Maria , Michail Maria , Richards Hannah , Witt Katrina , Lamblin Michelle , Bleeker Caitlin , Robinson Jo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor people who seek help for self‐harm, emergency departments (ED) are often the first point of contact, making them a suitable setting for intervention. In Australia, base rates of self‐harm presentations to ED are increasing, while the quality of care these people receive is often considered sub‐optimal. This study used qualitative interviews to explore potential barriers ED staff face in delivering best possible self‐harm care. Seventeen staff across two EDs in the state of Victoria, Australia, were interviewed regarding their perceptions of barriers to providing optimal self‐harm care and suggestions for improvement. Three themes were identified: (1) system‐related challenges when managing self‐harm in ED, including the shortage of hospital resources, challenges of ED as a physical environment, and insufficient education, training and guidelines about self‐harm care for staff; (2) human‐related challenges regarding management of self‐harm in ED, which encompassed the nature of a person's circumstances and presentation, and staff attitudes towards self‐harm; and (3) staff suggestions for improving self‐harm care in ED. Specific recommendations that were proposed based on these findings included introducing a separate ED area for mental health‐related presentations, provision of specialised education and training about self‐harm care to staff, better implementation of guidelines on treating self‐harm in ED, and employing mental health educators to provide on‐the‐floor mentoring to nurses. The relevance of these barriers and recommendations to the wider healthcare sector is also discussed. Together, these findings may inform improvements to the quality of care provided to those who engage in self‐harm.