bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGGREGATION BEHAVIOR OF ADULT CUTEREBRA GRISEA AND C. TENEBROSA (DIPTERA: CUTEREBRIDAE)
Authors: Hunter D. M. , Webster J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAggregation sites for male Cuterebra grisea Coquillett were found near areas where deermice were infested by botfly larvae. At these sites which were near streams or roadsides, male C. grisea flew over heat-reflecting surfaces which often contained objects taller than their surroundings. Each male chased intruders, including other males, from a territory over which it flew at regular intervals in an oval or figure-of-eight pattern. They flew in mornings during July and August provided the shade temperature was above 19.5°–20 °C and the sun was shining or had been shining. On very warm mornings when 20 °C was reached early in the morning, males did not fly until about 33/4–4 hours after sunrise. Flight almost always ended by midday. Female flies were rarely seen because they appeared only long enough to be mated. The data on C. grisea led to the discovery of similar male aggregation behavior of the pack rat botfly, C. tenebrosa Coquillett.
REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICANCHRYSOCHARIS(KRATOCHVILIANA) (EULOPHIDAE: CHALCIDOIDEA) NORTH OF MEXICO, ESPECIALLY SPECIES ATTACKING BIRCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) AND BIRCH LEAFMINER (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study provides information on the species ofChrysocharis(Kratochviliana) found in North America with special emphasis on the Canadian species attacking the birch casebearer,Coleophora serratella(L.) (=fuscedinellaZeller), and the birch leafminer,Fenusa pusilla(Lepeletier).The genusChrysocharisFörster in North America north of Mexico consists of two subgenera,KratochvilianaMaláč andChrysochariss. str. There are 15 Nearctic species ofKratochviliana, of which 10 species are described herein as new. These are:C. (Kratochviliana)robustan. sp.,C. (K.)incertan. sp.,C. (K.)stipitisn. sp.,C. (K.)hirsutiventrisn. sp.,C. (K.)walleyin. sp.,C. (K.)protolithocolletidisn. sp.,C. (K.)millerin. sp.,C. (K.)alutan. sp.,C. (K.)coptodiscaen. sp., andC. (K.)cuspidigastern. sp. Relationships and distribution of species-groups in North America and Europe are discussed. Keys to subgenera and species and host records are included.
FURTHER FIELD EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF THE DARK-SIDED CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON TOBACCO IN ONTARIO
Authors: Cheng H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField tests were continued during 1970, 1971, and 1972 in southwestern Ontario to evaluate experimental and registered insecticides for control of Euxoa messoria (Harris) larvae on tobacco. Insecticides were applied before planting as broadcast applications to the rye cover crop or to the soil.Of 10 chemicals tested, chlorpyrifos, leptophos, and N-2596 (S-(p-chlorophenyl O-ethyl ethyl-phosphonodithioate) gave the most consistent control, and Biothion® (O,O′-thiodi-p-phenylene O,O,O′,O′-tetramethyl phosphorothioate) and methoxychlor gave variable control. Fensulfothion was slightly phytotoxic, and trichlorfon and Mobam® (benzo [b] thien-4-yl methylcarbamate) were ineffective in the present study. Supracide® (O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with 4-(mercaptomethyl)-2-methoxy-Δ2-1,3,4-thiodiazolin-5-one) and Orthene® (O,S-dimethyl N-acetyl phosphoramidothioate) showed promise for control of E. messoria larvae.Levels of reducing sugars and total alkaloids in the cured leaves were unaffected by treatment, indicating that these insecticides had no effect on tobacco quality.
A POSSIBLE NEW SENSILLUM ON THE ANTENNAE OF ITOPLECTIS CONQUISITOR (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Borden J. H. , Miller G. E. , Richerson J. V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA sensillum in the shape of a truncate cylindrical peg is present on the apex of the antenna in both sexes of Itoplectis conquisitor (Say). The sensilla occur in distinct fields of 19 to 38 pegs per antenna in males , and 26 to 35 pegs per antenna in females (x = 30.6). The pegs measure 1 to 15 μ, in height in males and 4 to 13 μ in females, and 2 to 6 μ in diameter in males and 2 to 5 μ in females. Pegs in the inside ranks at the very tip of the antenna are shorter than those in outside ranks which are more subterminal in position. This height variation results in the flat to slightly concave tips of the pegs being aligned on approximately the same plane. Innervation was confirmed by light microscope observations of sectioned material. The placement of the pegs at the antennal apex suggests that they perceive stimuli in the act of antennal tapping.
REVISION OF THE GENUSCHRYSOCHARISFÖRSTER (SUBGENUSCHRYSOCHARISs. str.) (EULOPHIDAE: CHALCIDOIDEA) OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe subgenusChrysochariss. str. in America north of Mexico consists of 18 species. Of these, six are new:Chrysocharis beckeri,subcircularis,bellincus,clarkae,truncatipennis, andlevipectus. The namegiraultiis proposed forpetiolataGirault nec Förster. Key to species, descriptions, host records, and illustrations are included. Relationships of species-groups of North America and Europe are discussed.
A NEW SPECIES OF TELENOMUS PARASITIC ON GEOCORIS (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA; HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE) IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Gordh Gordon , Coker R. Akinyele 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTelenomus reynoldsi n. sp. (Scelionidae: Telenominae) is described as an egg parasite of Geocoris punctipes Say and G. pallens Stål in California. The parasite has been recovered from cotton fields at Thermal and Indio, and from strawberry fields at El Toro, California. Additional material deposited in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History has been recovered from Geocoris collected at Buttonwillow and Weed, California.
A NEW SPECIES OF APHALARA FÖRSTER (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLOIDEA: APHALARIDAE) FROM ALBERTA
Authors: Hodkinson I. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAphalara monticola sp. n. is described from 37 ♂ and 49 ♀ collected from Rumex pauciflorus Nutt. in the Kananaskis Valley, Alberta, Canada. A. monticola is closely related to the Nearctic A. rumicis Mally and the Palaearctic A. exilis (Weber & Mohr).
REVISION OF THE TRIBE QUEDIINI OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE). SUPPLEMENTUM 2
Authors: Smetana Aleš 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new taxa of Quediini (Staphylinidae) are described: Quedius (Megaquedius) syphax spec. nov. (Washington), and Acylophorus (Acylophorus) pusillus spec. nov. (Florida).The following new synonymy is established: Quedius (Quedius) neomolochinus Korge, 1962 is identical with Quedius (Quedius) laticollis (Gravenhorst, 1802).Additional data on taxonomy, bionomics, and geographical distribution of many species are presented.
TWO SPECIES OF ENTOMOPHTHORA PATHOGENIC TO THE EASTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Otvos I. S. , MacLeod D. M. , Tyrrell D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo fungi, Entomophthora sphaerosperma and E. egressa, were collected and identified from larvae of the eastern hemlock looper, Lambdina f. fiscellaria (Guen.), in Newfoundland. These two fungi appear to play the most important role in the decline of looper infestations. Field trials indicate that the disease can be transmitted from laboratory-reared larvae artificially infected with the protoplast stage of E. egressa, to uninfected larvae. This suggests that infection may be established artificially within a population of the looper prior to the ’natural’ occurrence of the epizootic.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): I. ANALYSIS OF POPULATION BEHAVIOR AND SURVIVAL FROM 1964 TO 1971
Authors: Berryman Alan A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulations of the fir engraver reached epidemic proportions and then declined to a very low level over the study period (1964–71). However, population density within infested trees showed an inverse relationship to overall population trend. The population trend over the past 40 years was associated to some degree with rainfall deficits and with Douglas-fir tussock moth outbreaks.The major contribution to total mortality in each generation occurred in the larval, pupal and pre-emergent adult stages, next was adult mortality and infecundity, while egg mortality was of least significance. Mortality and infertility of parent females was mainly caused by nematode parasites although host resistance resulted in a significant number of attack failures. Parasitism by a phorid fly was of minor importance. Nematode parasitism appeared to be density-dependent in relation to overall population size.Most egg mortality resulted from host resistance which was inversely related to egg density within trees. Other egg mortality occurred in a density-independent manner.Mortality between larva and brood adult stages was mainly attributed to intra- and interspecific competition. The impact of these factors was directly related to within-tree larval density. Nematode parasitism was related to overall fir engraver population size and to per cent infection of attacking females. Predator activity was weakly density-dependent and mortality caused by resinosis was inversely related to fir engraver density. Parasitism and other mortality factors appeared to be independent of host density.An hypothesis is presented for the population behavior of the fir engraver; population fluctuations being determined by the quantity of susceptible trees and ultimately regulated by intraspecific competition. Nematode parasitism and interspecific competition were regarded as modifying, and perhaps sometimes regulating, abundance. Areas needing additional study, particularly host-tree physiology are discussed.
TEMPERATURE MODIFICATION OF MALE SEX PHEROMONE RESPONSE AND FACTORS AFFECTING FEMALE CALLING IN HOLOMELINA IMMACULATA (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE)
Authors: Cardé R. T. , Roelofs W. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn Holomelina immaculata (Reakirt) periodicity of male attraction to synthetic 2-methylheptadecane, the female-produced sex pheromone, is modified by temperature cues. In the field this response interval occurs from approximately sunset to about 4 h after sunset on a warm day and night (30° to 17 °C) and for the 2 h prior to sunset on a cool day and night (23° to 16 °C).In laboratory studies at 24 °C female H. immaculata placed in continual scotophase have an endogenous calling rhythm, but they are apparently inhibited from calling by constant photophase. In 16:8 or 12:12 light–dark cycles at 24 °C calling occurs from the 2nd to the 6th hour of scotophase, whereas at 15 °C calling takes place from the initiation to the 5th hour of scotophase. The critical cues governing initiation of calling behaviour are lights-off or a temperature decrease cue, and a temperature decrease signal overrides the apparent inhibitory effect of continual photophase.
SURVIVAL OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), AT EXTREME TEMPERATURES
Authors: Harrison J. R. , Barlow C. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractImmature stages of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), from viviparous, parthenogenetic populations, were exposed to hot and cold temperatures outside the favorable zone. Between 34.5 °C and 41.0 °C, time to 50% mortality (LT50) decreased approximately according to the relation log Y = 10.30−0.22X. From −9 °C to −12 °C, LT50 decreased rapidly and changed little with further temperature decrease to −16 °C.Survival was affected by acclimation which was complete after 1 to 2 days. Acclimation to temperatures between 10 °C and 25 °C changed LT50 by as much as 1.3 times at 39 °C and 2 times at −12 °C.Temperature tolerance increased with age.
SAMPLING SYSTEMS FOR EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), EGGS ON APPLE IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Herbert H. J. , Butler K. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA study was conducted in a mature apple orchard in Nova Scotia to compare the density of eggs of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), over the whole tree to their density on a selected area using a random selection and standard selection technique. Both methods provided nearly equivalent estimates of population densities for generations 2 and 4 but not for generation 3. The population estimates based on sampling from the selected area overestimated the whole tree population.Optimum allocation of sampling resources may be obtained by sampling a small number of clusters from each of a large number of trees.
AERIAL SPRAYING OF A BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS — CHITINASE FORMULATION FOR CONTROL OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Smirnoff W. A. , Fettes J. J. , Desaulniers R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 10,000 acre stand of mature balsam fir, in Temiscouata County, Quebec, which had a spruce budworm population of about 21 larvae/18 in. branch-tip was sprayed with a Bacillus thuringiensis + chitinase formulation. Aerial spraying was carried out by three TBM aircraft between 4 and 7 June 1972, when insect development was at the peak of the third instar. Where the quantity of B. thuringiensis colonies per square centimeter was higher than 77 and spray deposit higher than 0.4 gal/acre (U.S.), larval mortality was between 84% and 93% compared with between 39% and 53% in the check plot. Foliage protection was 47%. The results indicate the possibilities of using B. thuringiensis + chitinase to control spruce budworm infestations.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF LYGUS FROM NORTH AMERICA, AND A NOTE ON THE STATUS OF LYGUS ABRONIAE (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo new species of the genus Lygus Hahn are described: potentillae from Canada, Alaska, and Colorado; and mexicanus from Mexico and Texas. Lygus abroniae Van Duzee is considered to be a typical member of the genus Lygus. The seasonal colour variations of the three species are noted, their relationships to other species in the genus are discussed, and their host plants are given.
LARGE VOLUME PREPARATION AND PROCESSING OF A SYNTHETIC DIET FOR INSECT REARING
Authors: Grisdale Dail 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method for preparation, dispensing, and handling of large volumes of a synthetic diet for rearing a variety of insect species is described. A 16.5 imp. gal electrically-heated steam-jacketed kettle fitted with a bridge-mounted mixer is used to liquefy the agar and to mix the ingredients. An automatic filler is used to dispense measured amounts of diet directly from the kettle into plastic creamer cups set up on disposable pressed-board cafeteria trays. The trays facilitate easy handling and storage of diet and also serve as rearing units. The composition of the diet, the amount of ingredients to prepare 15 imp. gal, and some of the insect species successfully reared on the diet, are also noted.
DEFORMITY OF SUGAR MAPLE CAUSED BY BUD FEEDING INSECTS
Authors: Simmons Gary A. , Knight Fred B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInjury to sugar maple buds, shoots, twigs, and stems resulted in forked trees in Upper Michigan. Six species of insects were observed to feed on buds: The lepidopterans Proteoteras moffatiana Fernald (Olethreutidae), Obrussa ochrefasciella (Chambers) (Nepticulidae), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Cenopis pettitana (Robinson) (Tortricidae), and the coleopterans Phyllobius oblongus (L.) (Curculionidae) and Platycerus virescens (F.) (Lucanidae). Twig and shoot damage resulted from severed shoots, twig cankers, and scarring resembling weevil feeding injury. Stem damage was caused by breakage and browsing animals. Bud injury averaged 5.80% per year, twig damage 3.18% per year, and stem breakage 0.36% per year. Injuries to terminals resulted in 85% forked stems, 8% single stems, 3% stunting, and 4% unaffected.
BOLBOTHYREUS, A NEW GENUS FORSTENASPIDIUS RUFICOLLIS(COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: GEOTRUPINAE)
Authors: Howden H. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new monotypic genus,Bolbothyreus, is proposed for the South American speciesStenaspidius ruficollis(Bruch). The new genus seems most closely related toBolbapiumBoucomont from South America and less so toStenaspidiusWestwood from Australia.
THE SWARMING BEHAVIOUR OF CHIRONOMUS RIPARIUS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Downe A. E. R. , Caspary V. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContinuous colonies of Chironomus riparius Meigen can be conveniently maintained in the laboratory and the swarming and mating behaviour is readily observable. Swarming is eocrepuscular and is mediated, at least in part, by light intensity and the marker stimulus. The effects of sound and volatile chemicals on the initiation and maintenance of swarming are not clearly apparent, but there is some evidence to suggest that pheromones may play a role in swarm cohesion.
LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF A LEAF MINER, CAMERARIA MACROCARPAE, ON BUR OAK IN MANITOBA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)
Authors: Still G. N. , Wong H. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCameraria macrocarpae Freeman is a univoltine blotch miner which feeds on the palisade parenchyma of bur oak leaves. The larvae have two morphologically distinct forms and seven instars. It overwinters in the sixth instar, inside the mined leaf. Females deposit their eggs in rows, usually beside the mid-rib, and the larvae enter the leaf directly under the chorion. The larvae from each egg cluster form a common mine on the upper surface of the leaf. The mines of C. macrocarpae are brownish and each contains several larvae, differing from the whitish mines of Cameraria hamadryadella (Clemens), each containing a single larva. Nine species of parasites are listed.
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PREDACIOUS MITES ON APPLE TREES IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Herbert H. J. , Butler K. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe relative densities of phytophagous and predacious mites within mature apple trees were examined. The eggs of phytophagous mites Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) were more numerous in the lower position of the tree while the reverse was true for the predacious mite Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and its eggs.
SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING INSEMINATION IN LABORATORY SWARMS OF CHIRONOMUS RIP ARIUS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Downe A. E. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe frequency of insemination of females in laboratory swarms of Chironomus riparius Meigen was investigated using autoradiographic techniques. In swarms in which the sexes were nearly equally represented the majority of females were invariably inseminated. The frequency of inseminations for a given population of males declined with aging. There was variation among individual males in the numbers of females inseminated and the timing of inseminations in a succession of eocrepuscular swarms. Unmated females appeared to be receptive to insemination throughout most of their adult life. Insemination or injection of extracts of males rendered the females unreceptive to subsequent inseminations. Unmated females held in cages for longer than 48 hr were found to resorb the eggs in one of their ovaries.
THE GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILIES PHLOEOCHARINAE AND OLISTHAERINAE OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES FROM WASHINGTON (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Moore Ian , Legner E. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA key is given to the three genera of the Phloeocharinae. Full generic descriptions with comparative and distributional notes are given forRimulincolaSanderson,Vicelva paradoxicanew genus, new species,EcbletusSharp, andOlisthaerusDejean.
A NOTE ON THE GENUS BOHEMIELLINA MACH. (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Smetana A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Bohemiellina Machulka, 1941 (type-species paradoxa Machulka, 1941) is a separate genus closely related to Aneurota Casey, 1893 (type-species sulcifrons Casey, 1893), not a synonym of the latter. The holotype of Aneurota sulcifrons Casey, 1893 has been compared with a representative specimen of Bohemiellina paradoxa Machulka, 1941.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FALL EMERGENCE OF BESSA HARVEYI (TACHINIDAE: DIPTERA)
Authors: Turnock W. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBessa harveyi (Townsend) is a common parasite of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), in southeastern Manitoba but it is ineffective in preventing or terminating outbreaks of its host. Bivoltinism acts as a mortality factor in B. harveyi populations because bivoltine individuals do not contribute progeny to the next generation. Heavy mortality due to bivoltinism occurs when the parasite eggs are laid under long-day conditions and the summer is warm and prolonged. Regression analyses show that most of the variation in the incidence of bivoltinism between years and between dates within years can be described by equations involving the incidence of bivoltinism in the previous year, photoperiod, and temperature. The importance of a genetic factor in determining the incidence of bivoltinism was indicated by a strong negative correlation between the incidences in consecutive years. Photoperiod and temperature during development were positively correlated with incidence. The persistence of bivoltinism in Manitoba is postulated to be related to variability in weather and host development plus developmental advantages associated with the bivoltine phenotype.
NOTES ON PTERONEMOBIUS AND A NEW GENUS OF THE TRIBE PTERONEMOBIINI (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE: NEMOBIINAE)
Authors: Vickery V. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new genus, Dianemobius, is diagnosed, with Eneoptera fascipes Walker, 1869, as type-species, since this species is not congeneric with Pteronemobius concolor (Walker), the type-species (a senior synonym of the originally designated Nemobius tartarus Saussure) of Pteronemobius. Notes on morphology and cytology which indicate the heterogeneity of Pteronemobius are included.
DIURNAL FORAGING ACTIVITY OF FORMICA SUBLUCIDA, F. SANGUINEA SUBNUDA, AND F. FOSSACEPS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN QUEBEC
Authors: Finnegan R. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory nests of Formica sublucida Wheeler, F. sanguinea subnuda Emery, and F. fossaceps Buren were used to determine the foraging activity of these three species by accurate hourly measurements, day and night, for three summer seasons. Soil temperature in each nest was thermostatically controlled and maintained at 50°, 60°, and 70°F.The species foraged day and night, with a peak of activity in late morning and mid-afternoon. Increasing soil temperature resulted in an increase in foraging; barometric pressure and relative humidity had no apparent effect.
HORMONAL INDUCTION OF SUPERNUMERARY INSTARS IN THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Retnakaran Arthur 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInduction of supernumerary larval instars in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, by applying ZR-515, a potent juvenile hormone analogue, is explained in terms of larval differentiation. Application to the early sixth instar where structures are relatively indeterminate results in the formation of a supernumerary larval instar, whereas treatment of the late-larva wherein many structures are committed to differentiate towards the pupa, results in a larval–pupal mosaic.