bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful occlusion of a coronary arteriovenous fistula using an Amplatzer™ duct occluder
Authors: Sadiq Masood , Wilkinson James L , Qureshi Shakeel A 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn an 11-year old boy with a large coronary arteriovenous fistula between the left coronary artery and the right atrium, we achieved successful closure using a 10–8 Amplatzer Duct Occluder introduced from the right internal jugular vein. Angiography 6 weeks later showed complete occlusion of the fistula, with normal opacification of the left coronary arterial system. This technique may be used as an alternative to coils and surgery in selected patients.
Rupture of pulmonary aneurysms in association with long-standing Waterston shunts
Authors: Hull Dearbhla A. , Shinebourne Elliot , Gerlis Leon , Nicholson Andrew G. , Sheppard Mary N. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAnastomosis of the ascending aorta to the right pulmonary artery, the so-called Waterston shunt, was undertaken as a palliative procedure for children with cyanotic congenital heart disease due to obstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract with reduced pulmonary blood flow. We present the clinico-pathological correlations in two patients who underwent construction of Waterston shunts as neonates, and subsequently died of ruptured pulmonary aneurysms in adult life. Rupture should, therefore, be recognized as a late complication of this procedure, and be considered in the long-term follow-up of such patients, especially when the shunted lung is hypertensive.
High power density SiGe millimeter-wave power amplifiers
Authors: Farmer Thomas J. , Darwish Ali , Huebschman Benjamin , Viveiros Edward , Zaghloul Mona E. 
Published: July 2011

This paper presents measured results for two-stage and three-stage high-voltage/high-power (HiVP) amplifiers implemented in a commercial 0.12 μm silicon germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) bipolar Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (BiCMOS) process at millimeter wave. The HiVP configuration provides a new tool for millimeter-wave silicon designers to achieve large output voltage swings, high output power density, customizable bias, and a way to minimize, if not eliminate, matching circuitry at millimeter-wave frequencies. The two-stage amplifier has achieved a PSAT = 5.41 dBm with a power added efficiency (PAE) of 8.06% at center frequency 30 GHz. The three-stage amplifier has achieved a PSAT = 8.85 dBm with a PAE of 11.35% with a total chip area of 0.068 mm2 at center frequency 30 GHz. Simulation, layout, fabrication, and measurement results are presented in this paper.
Design and characterization of an active recovering mechanism for high-performance RF MEMS redundancy switches
Authors: Solazzi Francesco , Tazzoli Augusto , Farinelli Paola , Faes Alessandro , Mulloni Viviana , Margesin Benno , Meneghesso Gaudenzio 
Published: July 2011

This paper presents the design and characterization of an active push/pull toggle RF micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) switch for satellite redundancy networks. The actively controlled pull-up mechanism allows for extended restoring capabilities of the switch in case of ON-state stiction. As a proof of concept an active push/pull MEMS capacitive switch was modeled, designed, and manufactured in shunt configuration on a 50 Ω coplanar transmission line. RF measurement results show a return loss better than 15 dB in the 0.1–40 GHz range and an insertion loss better than 0.5 dB over the same range. The restoring capability of the switch was experimentally proved up to 9 h, and a predictive model was proposed for the estimation of the switch time to failure.
Can emerging biomarkers of myocardial remodelling identify asymptomatic hypertensive patients at risk for diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure?
Authors: Collier Patrick , Watson Chris J. , Voon Victor , Phelan Dermot , Jan Aftab , Mak George , Martos Ramon , Baugh John A. , Ledwidge Mark T. , McDonald Kenneth M. 
Published: July 2011

AimsHypertension is one of the main drivers of the heart failure (HF) epidemic. The aims of this study were to profile fibro‐inflammatory biomarkers across stages of the hypertensive heart disease (HHD) spectrum and to examine whether particular biochemical profiles in asymptomatic patients identify a higher risk of evolution to HF.Methods and resultsThis was a cross‐sectional observational study involving a population of 275 stable hypertensive patients divided into two different cohorts: Group 1, asymptomatic hypertension (AH) (n= 94); Group 2, HF with preserved ejection fraction (n= 181). Asymptomatic hypertension patients were further subdivided according to left atrial volume index ≥34 mL/m2 (n= 30) and <34 mL/m2 (n= 64). Study assays involved inflammatory markers [interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 8 (IL8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), and tumour necrosis factor α], collagen 1 and 3 metabolic markers [carboxy‐terminal propeptide of collagen 1, amino‐terminal propeptide of collagen 1, amino‐terminal propeptide of collagen 3 (PIIINP), and carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of collagen 1 (CITP)], extra‐cellular matrix turnover markers [matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1)], and the brain natriuretic peptide. Data were adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and creatinine. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was associated with an increased inflammatory signal (IL6, IL8, and MCP1), an increased fibrotic signal (PIIINP and CITP), and an increased matrix turnover signal (MMP2 and MMP9). Alterations in MMP and TIMP enzymes were found to be significant indicators of greater degrees of asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.ConclusionThese data define varying fibro‐inflammatory profiles throughout different stages of HHD. In particular, the observations on MMP9 and TIMP1 raise the possibility of earlier detection of those at risk of evolution to HF which may help focus effective preventative strategies.
Native Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of Multiprotein Complexes: Figure 1.
Authors: Kim Rosalind 
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTIONAn important tool for the biochemist is the ability to analyze proteins in their native state. Electrophoresis of proteins and protein–protein complexes in native agarose gels using a horizontal gel apparatus is described here. The procedure is simple to set up, takes a short time to run, and avoids the use of toxic components. The gel is run in a submerged horizontal platform, with the wells positioned in the center of the gel. Proteins with a pI lower than the buffer pH carry a net negative charge and migrate toward the anode, whereas proteins with a pI higher than the buffer pH carry a positive charge and migrate toward the cathode. Proteins with different molecular weights and pI values can be tested, as can proteins that form complexes, whether they be two pure proteins forming a complex or a complex formed after incubating a pure protein with a crude extract. Once a complex is formed, it can be cut from the gel and the components can be isolated. This method does not replace isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels because it does not determine the pI of a protein, but it does facilitate the detection of protein–protein complexes and may give information on the protein’s charge at a defined pH.
Characterization of Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vectors: Figure 1.
Authors: Palmer Donna J. , Ng Philip 
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes the characterization of helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAd) with respect to physical titer, helper virus contamination, and genomic structure using standard molecular biology techniques. At a minimum, purified vector should be assessed for its physical titer, degree of helper virus contamination, and analysis of the HDAd genomic structure. If desired and depending on the application, additional characterization (i.e., endotoxin, sterility, adventitious agents, etc.) should be performed according to protocols established for E1-deleted Ad vectors.
Electrophysiological Recording from Drosophila Olfactory Sensilla
Authors: Benton Richard , Dahanukar Anupama 
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTIONThe chemical senses smell and taste detect and discriminate an enormous diversity of environmental stimuli and provide fascinating but challenging models to investigate how sensory cues are represented in the brain. Important stimulus coding events occur in peripheral sensory neurons, which express specific combinations of chemosensory receptors with defined ligand-response profiles. These receptors convert ligand recognition into spatial and temporal patterns of neural activity, which are transmitted to and interpreted in central brain regions. Drosophila provides an attractive model to study chemosensory coding, because it possesses relatively simple peripheral olfactory and gustatory systems that display many organizational parallels to those of vertebrates. Moreover, virtually all of the peripheral chemosensory neurons are easily accessible for physiological analysis, because they are exposed on the surface of sensory organs in specialized sensory hairs called sensilla. In recent years, improvements in microscopy and instrumentation for electrode manipulation have opened up the much smaller Drosophila system to electrophysiological techniques, powerfully complementing many years of molecular genetic studies. As with most electrophysiological methods, there is probably no substitute for learning this technique directly from a laboratory in which it is already established. This protocol describes the basics of setting up the electrophysiology rig and stimulus delivery device, sample preparation, and how to perform and analyze recordings of odor-evoked activity from Drosophila olfactory sensilla.
Generation and Imaging of Brainbow Mice
Authors: Weissman Tamily A. , Sanes Joshua R. , Lichtman Jeff W. , Livet Jean 
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes how to generate Brainbow transgenes and mice, how to induce recombination in Brainbow mice with tamoxifen, and how to fix tissue samples from these animals. It also describes how to acquire multichannel images from Brainbow samples and use those images to digitally trace cellular contours and connections.
Labeling Mitochondria with Rhodamine 123
Authors: Chazotte Brad 
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTIONRhodamine 123 is a cationic fluorescent dye that is used to specifically label respiring mitochondria. The dye distributes according to the negative membrane potential across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Loss of potential will result in loss of the dye and, therefore, the fluorescence intensity. The dye has been used to monitor mitochondrial function in living cells. This protocol describes the labeling of mitochondria with Rhodamine 123.
Labeling Mitochondria with TMRM or TMRE: Figure 1.
Authors: Chazotte Brad 
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTIONTMRM (tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester) or the related TMRE (tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester) is extensively used for labeling and measuring the membrane potential (and the function) of mitochondria in living cells. Because of its optical and chemical properties, it has been one of the main dyes used for mitochondria studied with confocal microscopy to carry out time-resolved and spatially resolved analyses. Quantitative observation of mitochondrial membrane potential should be performed with confocal microscopy or spot photometry-based microscopy. This protocol describes labeling of mitochondria with TMRM or TMRE.
Immersion Freezing of Suspended Particles and Cells for Cryo-Electron Microscopy
Authors: Resch Guenter P. , Brandstetter Marlene , Königsmaier Lisa , Urban Edit , Pickl-Herk Angela M. 
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTIONImmersion freezing of thin aqueous specimens is an essential preparation technique for cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), aiming to preserve fragile biological structures such as molecules and cells in their hydrated environment for a close-to-native visualization. For successful experiments, vitreous ice must be produced, surface contamination must be avoided, and, most important, the natural state of the structure must be preserved. This protocol describes immersion freezing of biological samples, such as purified protein complexes, viruses, liposomes, synthetic cytoskeletal filaments, isolated organelles, or small cells suspended in an aqueous solution, using the new Leica “EM GP” grid plunger. It includes a discussion of issues of general importance for cryo-EM, such as the properties of the sample and the pretreatment of the specimen carrier. It also provides details on how to make the most of the special features of this instrument to obtain good specimens and reproducible results. Troubleshooting issues concerning the operation of the GP in particular, as well as common problems in immersion freezing encountered on manual and semiautomatic instruments, are addressed.
Constructing a Microinjection Chamber for Zebrafish Eggs
Authors: Godinho Leanne 
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTIONIn the last two decades, the small tropical freshwater-dwelling zebrafish has emerged as a popular model for developmental biologists. The exceptional optical accessibility of zebrafish embryos coupled with the ability to use genetic tools to indelibly tag cells have been exploited to watch developmental events as they unfold. Moreover, because zebrafish are vertebrates, the knowledge gained through such studies is broadly applicable. This protocol describes the construction of a microinjection chamber for zebrafish eggs. Several microinjection chambers can be made, can be stored at 4°C, and can be used for several weeks until the injection trenches become damaged through repeated use and/or mold begins to grow on the agarose.
Imaging Zebrafish Development
Authors: Godinho Leanne 
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTIONIn the last two decades, the small tropical freshwater-dwelling zebrafish has emerged as a popular model for developmental biologists. The exceptional optical accessibility of zebrafish embryos coupled with the ability to use genetic tools to indelibly tag cells have been exploited to watch developmental events as they unfold. Moreover, because zebrafish are vertebrates, the knowledge gained through such studies is broadly applicable. This protocol describes the procedure for imaging zebrafish development. Once zebrafish cells have been labeled with fluorescent molecules or stained with fluorescent dye, the developmental processes of interest can be analyzed using a wide variety of live imaging techniques, such as wide-field microscopy, confocal microscopy, or multiphoton microscopy.
Immersion Freezing of Biological Specimens: Rationale, Principles, and Instrumentation
Authors: Resch Guenter P. , Brandstetter Marlene , Pickl-Herk Angela M. , Königsmaier Lisa , Wonesch Veronika I. , Urban Edit 
Published: July 2011

INTRODUCTIONCryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) allows the visualization of biological specimens within their native, hydrated environment at nanometer resolution. To prevent the formation of destructive ice crystals, an extremely high cooling rate has to be achieved in the freezing process. For samples that are inherently thin enough, ranging from macromolecules to peripheral parts of spread cells, this can be accomplished by plunging the sample into a cryogen. This approach, known as “immersion freezing,” is an essential preparation technique in structural, molecular, and cell biology. In this article, we discuss the advantages of cryo-EM, the scope of specimens that can be visualized using this technique, the method of immersion freezing, and the instrumentation available. In particular, we focus on the new semiautomatic immersion freezer by Leica Microsystems (“EM GP”).
STENOFOLIARegulates Blade Outgrowth and Leaf Vascular Patterning inMedicago truncatulaandNicotiana sylvestris
Authors: Tadege Million , Lin Hao , Bedair Mohamed , Berbel Ana , Wen Jiangqi , Rojas Clemencia M. , Niu Lifang , Tang Yuhong , Sumner Lloyd , Ratet Pascal , McHale Neil A. , Madueño Francisco , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDicot leaf primordia initiate at the flanks of the shoot apical meristem and extend laterally by cell division and cell expansion to form the flat lamina, but the molecular mechanism of lamina outgrowth remains unclear. Here, we report the identification of STENOFOLIA (STF), a WUSCHEL-like homeobox transcriptional regulator, in Medicago truncatula, which is required for blade outgrowth and leaf vascular patterning. STF belongs to the MAEWEST clade and its inactivation by the transposable element of Nicotiana tabacum cell type1 (Tnt1) retrotransposon insertion leads to abortion of blade expansion in the mediolateral axis and disruption of vein patterning. We also show that the classical lam1 mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris, which is blocked in lamina formation and stem elongation, is caused by deletion of the STF ortholog. STF is expressed at the adaxial–abaxial boundary layer of leaf primordia and governs organization and outgrowth of lamina, conferring morphogenetic competence. STF does not affect formation of lateral leaflets but is critical to their ability to generate a leaf blade. Our data suggest that STF functions by modulating phytohormone homeostasis and crosstalk directly linked to sugar metabolism, highlighting the importance of coordinating metabolic and developmental signals for leaf elaboration.
The Plant-Specific Actin Binding Protein SCAB1 Stabilizes Actin Filaments and Regulates Stomatal Movement inArabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhao Shuangshuang , Mao Tonglin , Qu Xiaolu , Cao Wanhong , Zhang Li , Zhang Wei , He Liu , Li Sidi , Ren Sulin , Zhao Jinfeng , Zhu Guoli , Huang Shanjin , Ye Keqiong , Yuan Ming , Guo Yan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMicrofilament dynamics play a critical role in regulating stomatal movement; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is not well understood. We report here the identification and characterization of STOMATAL CLOSURE-RELATED ACTIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (SCAB1), an Arabidopsis thaliana actin binding protein. Plants lacking SCAB1 were hypersensitive to drought stress and exhibited reduced abscisic acid-, H2O2-, and CaCl2-regulated stomatal movement. In vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that SCAB1 binds, stabilizes, and bundles actin filaments. SCAB1 shares sequence similarity only with plant proteins and contains a previously undiscovered actin binding domain. During stomatal closure, actin filaments switched from a radial orientation in open stomata to a longitudinal orientation in closed stomata. This switch took longer in scab1 plants than in wild-type plants and was correlated with the delay in stomatal closure seen in scab1 mutants in response to drought stress. Our results suggest that SCAB1 is required for the precise regulation of actin filament reorganization during stomatal closure.
Do wood‐grazing fishes partition their niche?: morphological and isotopic evidence for trophic segregation in Neotropical Loricariidae
Authors: Lujan Nathan K. , German Donovan P. , Winemiller Kirk O. 
Published: July 2011

Summary1. Morphic detritus, including coarse particulate organic matter such as terrestrial tree leaves and wood, is consumed by few fishes in temperate stream systems but is ingested by abundant and diverse groups of specialized fishes in tropical rivers; physiological assimilation and partitioning of morphic detritus by fishes remain poorly understood.2. This study examines seven species of Neotropical suckermouth‐armored catfishes (Loricariidae) that live among and feed on coarse woody debris. Five species represent two unrelated evolutionary lineages showing convergent morphological specializations for gouging into and eating wood, small particles of which fill their guts. Two morphologically distinct species unrelated to wood‐eaters and to each other forage along the surface of wood.3. We examined six jaw functional morphological characteristics of each loricariid species as well as C and N stable isotope ratios of blood plasma, red blood cells and fin tissue of three wood‐eating species and muscle tissues of all seven species. Consumer isotopic signatures were compared among species and with isotopic signatures of potential food resources, including biofilm, seston and both bulk wood and holocellulose extracted from bulk wood.4. Wood‐eating species had robust jaws specialized for gouging wood, δ13C signatures consistent with assimilation of cellulosic wood carbon (not bulk wood carbon or lignin) and elevated δ15N values (>5·8‰) relative to wood that were consistent with assimilation of N from intermediate microbial decomposers in the environment rather than direct assimilation of N from wood or from endosymbiotic N‐fixers. Two non‐wood‐eating species occupied divergent regions of jaw functional morphospace, and isotopic signatures were consistent with assimilation of C from biofilm and seston, respectively, and N from enriched sources such as microbes, macroinvertebrates or seston.5. Food resources associated with the surfaces of coarse woody debris in Neotropical rivers are partitioned among at least three guilds of loricariid consumers with divergent jaw morphologies specialized for wood gouging, surface grazing and macroinvertebrate probing. Direct consumption of morphic detritus by specialized Neotropical fishes constitutes a potentially important but poorly understood component of detritus processing and nutrient cycling in tropical rivers.
‘X’ marks the spot: The possible benefits of nectar guides to bees and plants
Authors: Leonard Anne S. , Papaj Daniel R. 
Published: July 2011

Summary1. Many floral displays are visually complex, transmitting multi‐coloured patterns that are thought to direct pollinators to nectar rewards. These ‘nectar guides’ may be mutually beneficial, if they reduce pollinators’ handling time, leading to an increased visitation rate and promoting pollen transfer. Yet, many details regarding how floral patterns influence foraging efficiency are unknown, as is the potential for pollinator learning to alter this relationship.2. We compared the responses of bumblebee (Bombus impatiens Cresson) foragers to artificial flowers that either possessed or lacked star‐like patterns. By presenting each bee with two different foraging scenarios (patterned flowers rewarding/plain flowers unrewarding, plain flowers rewarding/patterned flowers unrewarding) on different days, we were able to assess both short‐ and long‐term effects of patterns on bee foraging behaviour.3. Bees discovered rewards more quickly on patterned flowers and were less likely to miss the reward, regardless of whether corollas were circular or had petals. Nectar guides’ effect on nectar discovery was immediate (innate) and persisted even after experience, although nectar discovery itself also had a learned component. We also found that bees departed patterned flowers sooner after feeding. Finally, when conditions changed such that flowers no longer provided a reward, bees visited the now‐unrewarding flowers more persistently when they were patterned.4. On the time‐scale of a single foraging bout, our results provide some of the first data on how pollinators learn to forage efficiently using this common floral trait. Our bees’ persistent response to patterned flowers even after rewards ceased suggests that, rather than being consistently mutually beneficial to plant and pollinator, nectar guide patterns can at times promote pollen transfer for the plant at the expense of a bee’s foraging success.