bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interictal Dysfunctions of Attention, Vigilance, and Executive Functions in Migraine and Their Reversal by Preventive Treatment: A longitudinal Controlled Study
Authors: Chowdhury Debashish , Datta Debabrata , Mundra Ankit , Duggal Ashish , Krishnan Anand 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To assess attention, vigilance, and executive functions in migraine patients during headache-free (interictal) periods and in healthy controls without migraine and to study the impact of migraine preventive treatment on these cognitive functions.

Methods:
Preventive drug-naive migraine patients, aged ≥18 years, without a history of medication overuse were studied and compared to non-migraine controls. Psychiatric comorbidity was screened by Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and those who screened positive were evaluated further by specific scales. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale assessed subjective complaints of sleep quality. Cognitive functions were assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), digit span forward and backward (DS-F, DS-B), trail-making tests (TMT-A and B) and Stroop word (SW), Stroop color (SC), and Stroop interference (SI) tests. Cognitive test scores at the end of 6 months following treatment were compared to baseline scores.

Results:
One hundred and fifty migraine patients and controls each were studied. Compared to controls, migraine patients performed significantly worse in DS-B (P < 0.0001), TMT-A (P = 0.00004), TMT-B (P < 0.0001), SW (P < 0.0001), SC (P < 0.0001), and SI (P = 0.0221). MMSE scores did not differ between patients and the controls (P = 0.3224). Compared to the patients without psychiatric comorbidity, migraine patients with psychiatric comorbidity showed no significant differences in the cognitive test scores. Significant improvement in all cognitive test scores (P < 0.001) was observed after 6 months of treatment.

Conclusion:
Migraine patients, compared to non-migraine controls, showed deficits in attention, vigilance, and executive functions during the interictal period, which improved with successful preventive treatment. Psychiatric comorbidities did not have a significant impact on cognitive dysfunctions.
Evaluation and isolation of anti-cancer compounds from the endophytic fungus Penicillium funiculosum isolated from Persicaria salicifolia (Brouss. Ex Willd.) seeds growing in Egypt
Authors: Amer Asmaa A. , Hegazy Mostafa M. , Zhran Monira , Elhosainy Asmaa , Safwat Nesreen A , El-Hela Atef 
Published: May 2024

Background
The endophytic fungus Penicillium is an important source of natural bioactive products. Persicaria salicifolia (Brouss. ex Willd) (family Polygonaceae) is a widely distributed plant on the Nile River and was reported to have several biological activities, such as antioxidative, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the potential activities (cytotoxic, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial) of the endophytic fungus Penicillium funiculosum isolated from Persicaria salicifolia seeds growing in Egypt.

Materials and methods
The endophytic fungus Penicillium funiculosum was isolated from the seeds of the Persicaria salicifolia plant. The fungi were grown on Basmati rice as a solid media for the enhancement of pure fungi production. The collected fungi were extracted with ethyl acetate and fractionated using n-hexane and methanol. All fractions were examined for their cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The secondary metabolites were isolated from the active fractions through column chromatography, and the isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic technique. Molecular docking analysis was applied to the isolated compounds.

Results and conclusion
Ethyl acetate extract (Pf-2) of P. funiculosum was proved to have a highly potent antioxidant (IC50 37.5±0.70 μg/ml) and cytotoxic effects. It was affected on hepatic cancer (HepG-2), human colon carcinoma (HCT-116), lung carcinoma (A-549), and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells with IC50 values (μg/ml) 4.26±0.2, 6.66±0.9, 9.36±0.3, and 9.41±0.7, respectively. Pf 2 was subjected to fractionation, resulting in four fractions (Pf 2–1 to Pf 2–4). The most potent cytotoxic fraction, Pf 2–2, was further fractionated into six sub-fractions: Pf 2–2 A to Pf 2–2 F. Pf 2–2 A possessed the most potent cytotoxic activity. The ethyl acetate extract (Pf 2) also had antimicrobial activity against gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). Four compounds were isolated from Pf 2–2 A and identified by spectroscopic methods: NMR (1H and 13C) and Mass as (1) (9E, 11E, 13Z, 15Z)-tetracosa-9, 11, 13, 15-tetraenoic acid, (2) 3-(1Z, 3E-hexa-1, 3-dienyl)-4b-methyl-tetradecahydrophenanthrene, (3) mannitol, (4) d-Cerebroside A-glucose. It is the first time to report the isolation of compound (2) from the genus Penicillium and compounds (1, 3, and 4) from the species P. funiculosum. Compound 2 was the most potent cytotoxic one. Molecular docking was studied for polar compounds 1, 3, and 4 using the COX-2 enzyme, which indicated that compound 4 was the most potent anti-inflammatory one.
Meconium aspiration syndrome: An overview of the literature
Authors: Fan Hueng-Chuen , Chen Chuan-Mu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), a critical cause of morbidity and mortality in term newborns, mostly results from antepartum or postpartum aspiration of meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). The severity of MAS can vary from self-resolving to serious complications, such as persistent pulmonary hypertension or mortality. Concepts regarding pathophysiology and management have undergone drastic changes over the last few decades. For example, in both vigorous and nonvigorous neonates with MSAF, routine endotracheal suctioning during resuscitation is not recommended. There is no proven therapy for MAS; therefore, management is primarily supportive. Respiratory support, surfactant, inhaled nitric oxide, corticosteroids, and bronchoalveolar lavage significantly improved the overall outcome of MAS. This review will provide an overview of the challenges in understanding the complicated pathophysiology of MAS and optimal therapies for treating MAS.
Pemphigus and Pregnancy
Authors: De Dipankar , Shah Shikha , Mahajan Rahul , Handa Sanjeev 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pemphigus in pregnancy is a special clinical scenario that has potential consequences on both maternal and fetal outcomes. Being an autoimmune disease with Th2 preponderance, pemphigus is expected to flare in pregnancy, especially in the first two trimesters. Fetal outcomes like stillbirth and neonatal pemphigus have been reported, the latter being a consequence of a transient transplacental transfer of autoantibodies. Management needs to be individualized keeping the risk/benefit ratios of therapies in mind while optimizing maternal and fetal health. It is crucial to have appropriate counseling regarding conception for women with pemphigus in the child-bearing period because the probability of adverse materno-fetal outcomes is higher if the disease is severe.
Clinicopathologic study of caruncular lesions
Authors: Thrishulamurthy Chinmayee J , Ahmed H Shafeeq , Siddegowda Ramya B , Biligi Dayananda S 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The caruncle is a unique anatomical site in the human body, comprising various structures derived from the surface ectoderm and mesoderm. Caruncular lesions can range from benign to malignant and present challenges in accurate diagnosis and timely management due to their hidden nature and proximity to the lacrimal sac. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of caruncular lesions, presenting the first Indian case series on this topic.

Methods:
Ethical approval was obtained, and data collection was conducted at a tertiary care center in India. A retrospective analysis was performed on 44 patients with caruncular lesions treated between 2013 and 2020. Detailed patient histories, clinical examinations, slit lamp imaging, and excision biopsies were conducted. Histopathological examination of the specimens was carried out.

Results:
The study included 42 cases of caruncular lesions, with a mean age of 31.09 years. The majority of cases were male (54.54%). Benign lesions accounted for 84.09% of the cases, while premalignant and malignant lesions accounted for 11.36% and 4.54%, respectively. Papilloma and nevus were the most common lesions, with 11 cases each. All caruncular lesions were successfully and completely excised without complications. Histopathological examination confirmed the accuracy of the diagnoses, with an 84.09% concordance rate between clinical assessment and pathological diagnosis.

Conclusion:
This case series reveals a predominance of benign lesions among individuals in their early thirties. The successful excision of all lesions with a high concordance rate between clinical assessment and histopathological diagnosis underscores the importance of timely and accurate management.
Jejunal strongyloidiasis mimicking crohn’s colitis: A diagnostic dilemma!
Authors: Goyal Surbhi , Barman Sandip , Sakhuja Puja , Sachdeva Sanjeev , Narang Poonam , Nag Hirdaya H. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We report an unusual case of jejunal strongyloidiasis presenting as chronic malabsorption and intractable small bowel diarrhea in an immunocompetent adolescent boy who posed a diagnostic challenge for pathologists, radiologists, and gastroenterologists. Histopathology revealed chronic active colitis and was consistent with the clinicoradiological diagnosis of Crohn’s colitis but nonresponse to immunomodulators warranted full-thickness jejunal biopsy through laparotomy which showed numerous larvae and eggs of Strongyloides. There is a need to increase the awareness of Strongyloides colitis given its high rate of misdiagnosis and mortality as the correct diagnosis can avoid a fatal outcome of this curable disease.
Effect of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma and ErCr
Authors: Bapat Shreya Arun , Shashikiran N. D. , Gugawad Sachin , Gaonkar Namrata , Taur Swapnil , Hadakar Savita , Chaudhari Pradnya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Dental remineralization is the process of transporting minerals from the surrounding environment (i.e., saliva and biofilm) into partially demineralized tooth structures. Remineralization can be induced by professional therapies such as fluoride-based treatments that have the highest level of supporting evidence. High-intensity LASER and nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma therapy have been known to increase the resistance of enamel to demineralization by surface modification.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the surface remineralization of enamel using ErCr:YSGG LASER and nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) activation with three different fluoride varnishes.

Methodology:
Sixty-eight extracted premolars were used which were sectioned mesiodistally to obtain 135 specimens and artificial caries were induced on the experimental surface. They were then randomly divided into three groups (n = 45): MI Varnish (GC Japan), Vanish Varnish (3M ESPE), and Embrace Varnish (Pulpdent). After varnish application, these groups were further divided into three subgroups based on the activation therapy used. Fifteen samples from each group were treated with ErCr:YSGG LASER, 15 samples with NTP, and 15 samples were the control that did not undergo activation. After 9 days of pH cycling, the mean ion concentration of the surface calcium and phosphate ions was recorded using FEG-SEM and EDX analysis. The data were statistically analyzed.

Results:
One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test accepting P < 0.05 were performed for comparisons between all analyses groups. Vanish Varnish showed a higher Ca/P ratio in LASER, NTP, and control subgroups, followed by MI Varnish and Embrace Varnish. ErCr:YSGG LASER therapy showed an improved Ca/P ratio in all varnishes than NTP therapy and control.

Conclusion:
ErCr:YSGG LASER therapy showed positive effects toward improving the Ca/P, followed by NTP therapy as compared to control in all three varnishes indicating their role in enhancing the effects of remineralization. Vanish Varnish showed a higher Ca/P ratio indicating better remineralization post activation.
Cephalometric evaluation of the cervical spine posture following fixed functional therapy with Forsus™ appliance
Authors: Malik Nidhi , Fernandes Bennete Aloysius , Ramamurthy Priyadarshini Hesarghatta , Anjum Shagufta , Prakash Amit , Sinha Abhik 
Published: May 2024

Background:
To investigate whether fixed functional therapy for mandibular advancement with the Forsus™ appliance would produce any changes in the cervical spine posture.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective clinical exploratory study was conducted on 12 patients (six females and six males) with a mean age of 15 ± 1.3 years, having mandibular retrusion, Class II malocclusion, who were treated with the Forsus™ appliance. Lateral cephalogram was taken twice, once at the baseline (T1) before the commencement of the treatment and once following termination of fixed functional treatment (T2). Eleven measurements representing the vertical and the sagittal craniofacial proportions, and the head posture, were taken into account. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. The variations between before and after treatment measurements were collated using paired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
No significant differences were noticed in the angle linking the horizontal lines of the head and the superior crest of the spinal column before and after the treatment, with P = 0.73. The cervical curvature angle also failed to show any significant difference with P = 0.14.

Conclusion:
Fixed functional therapy with the Forsus™ device resulted in dentoalveolar and soft tissue alterations alone but did not alter the cervical spine posture.
A comparative study of conventional and Hall techniques of crown placement using finite element stress analysis
Authors: Herkar Pawan Pramodrao , Anantharaj A. , Praveen P. , Shankarappa Prathibha Rani , Sudhir R. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Hall technique of crown placement causes the changes in vertical occlusal dimension; the mode of settlement of which needs to be explored.

Aim:
To assess and compare the changing patterns of stress distribution following placement of stainless steel crowns on primary teeth by Hall and conventional techniques using a finite element model analysis.

Materials and Methods:
The clinical crown heights of primary molars restored with Hall and conventional techniques and opposing teeth in contact, vertical dimension changes in the primary canine area were measured using intraoral digital scan. T-scan was used to measure the changes in bite force while the finite element analysis was used to assess deformative changes on the 2nd, 5th, 10th, and 15th days.

Results:
The Hall technique of crown placement caused more stress distribution in the tooth supporting tissues that settled in 2 weeks as compared with conventional technique of crown placement in which settlement occurred in 2 days.

Conclusion:
The settling of vertical occlusal dimension as well as stress distribution in Hall technique probably takes place by intrusion of crowned tooth and opposing teeth in contact.
Prevalence of gingival recession and associated etiological factors among the school children
Authors: Seemakurthy Sonia Sudeepthi , Nuvvula Sailavanya , Mallineni Sreekanth Kumar , Nuvvula Sivakumar 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of gingival recession (GR) and associated etiological factors among school children.

Methodology:
The study sample consisted of 2095 children from the Nellore region divided into three groups of age ranges from primary dentition (<7 years), mixed dentition (7–12 years), and permanent dentition (>12 years) respectively, attending the department of pediatric and preventive dentistry and the school dental health programs organized by the department. The clinical examination involved measuring GR using William's periodontal probe and evaluating associated etiological factors. Data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test.

Results:
The GR among the study population was 7.9% (n = 165). Among them, males were 46% and females were 54% (P > 0.05). The GR was more in children in the 7–12 years age group (75%), followed by <7 years (21%) and >12 years (4%) age groups. The associated factors include malocclusion (69%), deleterious habits (5%), and anomalies (26%). Anomalies showed an association with GR (P < 0.05) compared to malocclusion and deleteriousness habits (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of GR is 7.9%, and GR is more prevalent in males and the 7–12 years age group. GR is associated with transient malocclusion, deleterious habits, and anomalies.
Assessment of knowledge and attitude toward informed consent and assent for biomedical research involving children among health-care professionals in Belagavi city
Authors: Patil Vidyavathi H. , Hugar Shivayogi M. , Gokhale Niraj S. , Kajjari Shweta , Saxena Nivedita , Dialani Pooja K. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Most of the nations have proposed research regulations to protect the rights and welfare of the research participants. Among such regulations are the informed consent and assent. In the present world, informed consent and assent is the cornerstone in health practice.

Aims and Objectives:
To compare and evaluate the knowledge and attitude toward informed consent and assent for biomedical research involving children among health-care professionals in Belagavi city.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 300 house surgeons divided into four groups of Medical, Dental, Nursing, and Ayurveda faculty of Belagavi city. A self-administered multiple choice questions were used to evaluate the knowledge and a five-point Likert scale was used to asses attitude regarding informed consent and assent for research involving children. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.

Results:
There was statistically significant difference in mean knowledge and attitude among all four groups (P < 0.05), and there was no significant correlation between knowledge and attitude as a whole in each group of professionals (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Emphasis on additional training is the need of the hour for all the faculty participants and also incorporation of study material regarding informed consent and assent for research involving children by the policy makers.
Comparison of the Streptococcus mutans colony count changes in plaque following chlorhexidine (0.12%) mouth rinse and green tea extract (0.5%) mouth rinse in 8–12-year-old children
Authors: Kamath Shamika , Hegde Rahul , Kamath Narayana 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Mouth rinses are solutions or liquids used to rinse the mouth to have a therapeutic effect by relieving infection or preventing dental caries due to their antimicrobial properties. Aims: This study was carried out to compare the effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse and 0.5% green tea extract mouth rinse on the colony-forming units (CFUs) of Streptococcus mutans in plaque in children.

Materials and Methods:
The sample for the study consisted of fifty schoolchildren aged 8–12 years with four or more (decay component) of decayed, missing, and filled teeth index. Children were divided randomly into two groups and were asked to rinse with the prescribed mouth rinse twice daily for 2 weeks under supervision. The plaque samples were collected at baseline (prerinsing) and postrinsing and tested for the CFUs of S. mutans.

Results:
The results of the study indicate that there was a statistically significant reduction (pre- and postrinsing) in S. mutans colony count in both the study groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the reduction of S. mutans colony count between 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse group and 0.5% green tea mouth rinse group.

Conclusion:
Green tea mouth rinse is effective against S. mutans – one of the major dental plaque microorganisms.
Comparative evaluation of intracanal cryotherapy and curcumin as a final irrigant in reducing post endodontic pain in primary teeth
Authors: Kumari Nimisha , Kaur Harsimran , Choudhary Rishika , Yeluri Ramakrishna 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the intracanal effectiveness of cryotherapy, curcumin irrigant, and normal saline as a final irrigant in reducing postendodontic pain in primary teeth.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 120 teeth between the ages of 4 and 7 years requiring pulpectomy in primary teeth were included in the study. The teeth were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups: intracanal cryotherapy using 2.5°C cold saline, curcumin irrigant, or normal saline. Following completion of chemomechanical preparation, final irrigation with 2.5°C cold saline, curcumin irrigant, and normal saline solution at room temperature were employed in the groups. Participants were asked to rate the severity of their postoperative pain on the Visual Analog Scale before, immediate postoperative after wearing of local anesthetic effect, and 24 h after the procedure. The results were analyzed statistically.

Results:
The differences in reduction of postendodontic pain between the three irrigating regimens were statistically not significant. Cryotherapy utilizing 2.5°C cold saline or curcumin irrigant can be used instead of normal saline as a final irrigant in pulpectomy of primary teeth.

Conclusions:
Cryotherapy can be a straightforward, cost-effective, and nontoxic treatment option for the management of postendodontic pain. Curcumin irrigant with its anti-inflammatory properties is also a better alternative as a final irrigant for reducing postoperative pain in primary teeth.
Nanosilver fluoride as a caries arresting agent in children
Authors: Choubey Shikha , Patil Amol , Talekar Abhinav L. , Kalra Dheeraj 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Dental caries is one of the most common concerns in oral health of children. Arresting these lesions is a treatment which is gaining momentum as against conventional restorative approaches.

Aim:
The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of nanosilver fluoride (NSF) as a caries arresting agent in primary teeth or first permanent molars in children.

Design:
The protocol for the systematic review has been registered with PROSPERO database (CRD42020162386). Several databases, such as PubMed®/MEDLINE, Web of Science™, Scopus®, Google Scholar, LILACS, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and BBO, were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated the arrestment of caries, in primary teeth and first permanent molars in children, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The Risk of Bias tool by Cochrane reviews system software, Revman 5.4.1, was used for quality assessment of the included RCTs. The quality evaluation was done using the GRADE approach. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane's Q and I2 statistics.

Results:
Five studies were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The Risk Ratio for NSF versus active control group was assessed to be 1.09 (0.93-1.28) with 95% Confidence Interval and for placebo control was 0.49 (0.35-0.67).

Conclusion:
NSF shows promise as a caries arrestment agent when applied in primary teeth.

PROSPERO Registration:
This review was registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42020162386)