bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder
Authors: Gleason Andrew , Castle David 
Published: May 2012

SummaryIncreasing attention is being paid to the concept of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, in concord with evidence that suggests a proportion of children with ADHD continue to manifest symptoms into adulthood. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder has some symptoms in common with hypomania, and can co-occur with bipolar disorder. The diagnosis and management of ADHD in adults with bipolar disorder can be complicated, owing to challenges resulting from symptom overlap, questions of diagnostic validity and a paucity of empirical evidence to guide treatment. This article addresses comorbid ADHD and bipolar disorder, and provides practical suggestions for diagnosis and management.
Lasting powers of attorney: implications for clinicians
Authors: Curtice Martin , Katuwawela Isurima , McCollum Richard 
Published: May 2012

SummaryIssues relating to capacity are increasingly topical and relevant, particularly following the implementation of the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Powers of attorney are one such issue that requires the assessment of capacity for their execution. This article focuses on lasting powers of attorney (LPAs), which were introduced under the Mental Capacity Act in 2007. We describe how LPAs evolved and how they have been used since the inception of the Act. We review salient case law. In doing so, we elucidate pertinent issues for clinicians, particularly in the case of health and welfare LPAs: for the first time in England and Wales, the law allows donors to nominate an attorney to make decisions about their personal health and welfare once they become incapacitated.
An evidence-based approach to routine outcome assessment
Authors: Slade Mike 
Published: May 2012

SummaryRoutine use of Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) has not produced the anticipated benefits for people using mental health services. Four HoNOS-specific reasons for this are: low relevance to clinical decision-making; not reflecting service user priorities; being staff-rated; and having a focus on deficits. More generally, the imposition of a centrally chosen measure on the mental health system leads to a clash of cultures, since frontline workers do not need a standardised measure to treat individuals. A better approach might be to use research from the emerging academic discipline of implementation science to inform the routine use of a standardised measure that is chosen by the people who will use it and hence is more concordant with existing clinical processes. This is illustrated using a case study of successful implementation of the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) in community mental health services across Ontario, Canada.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: a promising new approach to
preventing depressive relapse
Authors: Williams J. Mark G. , Kuyken Willem 
Published: May 2012

SummaryMindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was developed as a psychological
approach for people at risk for depressive relapse who wish to learn how to
stay well in the long-term. In this article we set out the rationale for
MBCT, outline the treatment approach, overview the efficacy research to date
and look to future challenges.
Healthy brain ageing: the new concept of motivational reserve
Authors: Maercker Andreas , Forstmeier Simon 
Published: May 2012

SummaryVarious research approaches try to solve the puzzles related to dementia or healthy brain ageing. Neurogenetic, neuroimaging and neuropharmacological research are the most visible of these. Psychological research in dementia has been instrumental in improving familial or institutional care. However, it has not been regarded as basic research. Recent psychological research into the mechanisms of co-forming or shaping the clinical presentation of dementias can be counted as truly basic research. The ‘cognitive or brain reserve’ concept has been fruitful in implementing psychological knowledge on plasticity factors in dementia. The new concept of ‘motivational reserve capacity’ extends these psychological concepts. In particular, it provides a basis for integrating various findings on how lifestyle factors effectively shape clinical dementia presentations – or lead to healthy brain ageing.
Autologous and Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Transformed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (Richter's Syndrome): A Retrospective Analysis From the Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Subcommittee of the Chronic Leukemia Working Party and Lymphoma Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Cwynarski Kate , van Biezen Anja , de Wreede Liesbeth , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Bunjes Donald , Metzner Bernd , Koza Vladimir , Mohty Mohamad , Remes Kari , Russell Nigel , Nagler Arnon , Scholten Marijke , de Witte Theo , Sureda Anna , Dreger Peter 
Published: May 2012

Purpose Patients with Richter's syndrome (RS) have a poor prognosis with conventional chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome after autologous stem-cell transplantation (autoSCT) or allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (alloSCT) in RS. Patients and Methods A survey was sent to all European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation centers assessing transplantations performed for RS. Eligibility criteria included a diagnosis of RS or secondary lymphoma before SCT, age ≥ 18 years, and SCT performed from 1997 to 2007. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and methods from survival analysis. Results Fifty-nine patients were registered. Thirty-four patients had received autoSCT, mostly because of chemotherapy-sensitive disease, and 25 had received alloSCT, with 36% being refractory to chemotherapy at SCT. In 18 allograft recipients (72%), reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) was used. Three-year estimates of the probabilities of overall survival and relapse-free survival (RFS) and the cumulative incidences of relapse and nonrelapse mortality were 36%, 27%, 47%, and 26% for alloSCT and 59%, 45%, 43%, and 12% for autoSCT, respectively. Taking into account the limitations set by the low number of events and age younger than 60 years, chemotherapy-sensitive disease and RIC were found to be associated with superior RFS after alloSCT in multivariate analysis. Factors with a significant impact on autoSCT could not be identified. Conclusion Patients with RS who are sensitive to induction chemotherapy appear to benefit from consolidation with transplantation strategies, and prolonged survival was observed in a proportion of patients.
Treatment Outcomes in Black and White Children With Cancer: Results From the SEER Database and St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 1992 Through 2007
Authors: Pui Ching-Hon , Pei Deqing , Pappo Alberto S. , Howard Scott C. , Cheng Cheng , Sandlund John T. , Furman Wayne L. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Spunt Sheri L. , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Jeha Sima , Hudson Melissa M. , Kun Larry E. , Merchant Thomas E. , Kocak Mehmet , Broniscer Alberto , Metzger Monika L. , Downing James R. , Leung Wing , Evans William E. , Gajjar Amar 
Published: May 2012

Purpose Treatment outcome for black patients with cancer has been significantly worse than for their white counterparts. We determined whether recent improved treatment had narrowed the gap in outcome between black and white pediatric patients. Patients and Methods In a parallel comparison, we analyzed survival by disease category between black and white patients with childhood cancer registered in one of the 17 cancer registries of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program or treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital, which provides comprehensive treatment to all patients regardless of their ability to pay, from 1992 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2007. Results Analysis of the SEER data indicated that in both study periods, black patients had significantly poorer rates of survival than did white patients, with the exception of a few types of cancer. Despite significantly improved treatment outcomes for patients who were treated from 2001 to 2007, the racial difference in survival has actually widened for acute myeloid leukemia and neuroblastoma. By contrast, in the cohorts treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital, there were no significant differences in survival between black and white patients in either study period, regardless of the cancer type. Importantly, the outcome of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and retinoblastoma has improved in parallel for both races during the most recent study period. Conclusion With equal access to comprehensive treatment, black and white children with cancer can achieve the same high cure rates.
Are Women with Thicker Cortices in the Femoral Shaft at Higher Risk of Subtrochanteric/Diaphyseal Fractures? The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Napoli Nicola , Jin Jenny , Peters Katherine , Wustrack Rosanna , Burch Shane , Chau Aldric , Cauley Jane , Ensrud Kristine , Kelly Michael , Black Dennis M. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Context:
Femoral shaft cortical thickening has been mentioned in reports of atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal (S/D) femur fractures, but it is unclear whether thickening precedes fracture or results from a preceding stress fracture and what role bisphosphonates might play in cortical thickening.

Objective:
Our objective was to examine the relationship of cortical thickness to S/D fracture risk as well as establish normal reference values for femoral cortical thickness in a large population-based cohort of older women.

Design:
Using pelvic radiographs obtained in 1986–1988, we measured femoral shaft cortical thickness 3 cm below the lesser trochanter in women in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. We measured this in a random sample and in those with S/D fractures and femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures. Low-energy S/D fractures were identified from review of radiographic reports obtained between 1986 and 2010. Radiographs to evaluate atypia were not available. Analysis used case-cohort, proportional hazards models.

Outcomes:
Cortical thickness as a risk factor for low-energy S/D femur fractures as well as femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, adjusting for age and bone mineral density in proportional hazards models.

Results:
After age adjustment, women with thinner medial cortices were at a higher risk of S/D femur fracture, with a relative hazard of 3.94 (95% confidence interval = 1.23–12.6) in the lowest vs. highest quartile. Similar hazard ratios were seen for femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures. Medial or total cortical thickness was more strongly related to fracture risk than lateral cortical thickness.

Conclusions:
In primarily bisphosphonate-naive women, we found no evidence that thick femoral cortices placed women at higher risk for low-energy S/D femur fractures; in fact, the opposite was true. Women with thin cortices were also at a higher risk for femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures. Whether cortical thickness among bisphosphonate users plays a role in atypical S/D fractures remains to be determined.
The Application of the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Risk Score for Identifying a Preclinical State of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sosenko Jay M. , Skyler Jay S. , Mahon Jeffrey , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Beam Craig A. , Boulware David C. , Greenbaum Carla J. , Rafkin Lisa E. , Cowie Catherine , Cuthbertson David , Palmer Jerry P. ,   the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet and Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Study Groups
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE
We assessed the utility of the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Risk Score (DPTRS) for identifying individuals who are highly likely to progress to type 1 diabetes (T1D) within 2 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The DPTRS was previously developed from Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) data and was subsequently validated in the TrialNet Natural History Study (TNNHS). DPTRS components included C-peptide and glucose indexes from oral glucose tolerance testing, along with age and BMI. The cumulative incidence of T1D was determined after DPTRS thresholds were first exceeded and after the first occurrences of glucose abnormalities.

RESULTS
The 2-year risks after the 9.00 DPTRS threshold was exceeded were 0.88 and 0.77 in DPT-1 (n = 90) and the TNNHS (n = 69), respectively. In DPT-1, the 2-year risks were much lower after dysglycemia first occurred (0.37; n = 306) and after a 2-h glucose value between 190 and 199 mg/dL was first reached (0.64; n = 59). Among those who developed T1D in DPT-1, the 9.00 threshold was exceeded 0.81 ± 0.53 years prior to the conventional diagnosis. Postchallenge C-peptide levels were substantially higher (P = 0.001 for 30 min; P &lt; 0.001 for other time points) when the 9.00 threshold was first exceeded compared with the levels at diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS
A DPTRS threshold of 9.00 identifies individuals who are very highly likely to progress to the conventional diagnosis of T1D within 2 years and, thus, are essentially in a preclinical diabetic state. The 9.00 threshold is exceeded well before diagnosis, when stimulated C-peptide levels are substantially higher.
Reformation versus Council of Trent and Rules for Interpretation from 16th to 19th
Authors: Slivka Daniel 
Published: May 2012

Reformation versus Council of Trent and Rules for Interpretation from 16th to 19th
Council of Trent confronts "sola Scriptura" the Holy Scripture and Tradition without explaining their mutual relation. At that time, the term Tradition was considered to refer to customs of the Church which dealt with the faith and practice of homily. The council emerged at the time of difficult social, agricultural, and political situation in Europe. Religious disputes were connected with the reformation which took place in Europe. Catholic reformation started even before Protestant one and Council of Trent and its findings were results of it.
The Theology of the Worship Service according to Martin Luther
Authors: Valčová Katarína 
Published: May 2012

The Theology of the Worship Service according to Martin Luther
Luther's theology of the worship service was, first of all, developed on the basis of the relationship to the conflict between theolatry and idolatry. The basic presupposition of all of Luther's theology is the question: Who is your God? Luther's theology of the worship service rests first of all on the correct understanding of God and His actions and also on the faith as the integral part of humanity which is naturally connected to the true worship of God. The understanding of the mass as good deed flows, according to Luther, from the human attempts to cleanse themselves in front of God and the sacrifice of mass is one of many attempts to influence God by offering the good deeds. This leads to the understanding of the mass as idolatry tainted by legalism.
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in a Patient With Knee Pain
Authors: Hatfield Samantha J. , Baxter Richard E. 
Published: May 2012

The patient was an 11-year-old female referred to a physical therapist because of a primary complaint of progressively worsening left anterior knee pain of 9 months' duration. Examination of the patient's left knee was unremarkable and did not reproduce the patient's primary complaint. However, range-of-motion assessment of the patient's left hip elicited pain in the left anterior/medial hip region and revealed decreased hip internal rotation and abduction. Due to concern about the possibility of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), the patient was immediately referred to her physician, and subsequent radiographs revealed a left SCFE. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(5):482. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0408
Influence of Upper Extremity Assistance on Lower Extremity Force Application Symmetry in Individuals Post-Hip Fracture During the Sit-to-Stand Task
Authors: Kneiss Janet A. , Houck Jeff R. , Bukata Susan V. , Puzas J. Edward 
Published: May 2012

Study Design Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design. Objectives To compare lower extremity force applications during a sit-to-stand (STS) task with and without upper extremity assistance in older individuals post-hip fracture to those of age-matched controls. Background A recent study documented the dependence on upper extremity assistance and the uninvolved lower limb during an STS task in individuals post-hip fracture. This study extends this work by examining the effect of upper extremity assistance on symmetry of lower extremity force applications. Methods Twenty-eight community-dwelling elderly subjects, 14 who had recovered from a hip fracture and 14 controls, participated in the study. All participants were independent ambulators. Four force plates were used to determine lower extremity force applications during an STS task with and without upper extremity assistance. The summed vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) of both limbs were used to determine STS phases (preparation/rising). The lower extremity force applications were assessed statistically using analysis of variance models. Results During the preparation phase, side-to-side symmetry of the rate of force development was significantly lower for the hip fracture group for both STS tasks (P<.001). During the rising phase, the vGRF impulse of the involved limb was significantly lower for the hip fracture group for both STS tasks (P = .045). The vGRF impulse for the uninvolved limb was significantly increased when participants with hip fracture did not use upper extremity assistance compared to elderly controls (P = .002). This resulted in a significantly lower vGRF symmetry for the hip fracture group during both STS tasks (P<.001). Conclusion Participants with hip fracture who were discharged from rehabilitative care demonstrated decreased side-to-side symmetry of lower extremity loading during an STS task, irrespective of whether upper extremity assistance was provided. These findings suggest that learned motor control strategies may influence movement patterns post-hip fracture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(5):474–481. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3562
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Effects of One Year Abroad
Authors: Serrano Raquel , Tragant Elsa , Llanes Àngels 
Published: May 2012

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the progress of 14 Spanish-speaking learners of English during a period abroad from a longitudinal perspective. Oral and written data were collected three times during an academic year at a British university. These samples were analyzed in terms of fluency, syntactic complexity, lexical richness, and accuracy. The results of the statistical analyses indicate that, while a few months abroad might be sufficient for some gains in oral performance to occur, improvement in written production is slower and does not seem to take place until students have spent more than one semester abroad. In addition, it was observed that the type of interaction experienced abroad and some attitudinal features can partly explain language development in some areas.
Multiple Minorities or Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Plurilingual Learners? Re-envisioning Allophone Immigrant Children and Their Inclusion in French-Language Schools in Ontario
Authors: Prasad Gail 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:Four out of five immigrants to Canada speak a language other than English or French as a first language. Immigration is increasingly transforming francophone minority communities. Allophone children acquire minority status on multiple levels within French-language schools, where they can become both a linguistic minority and a cultural minority within an official francophone minority in Canada. This article examines how culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) allophones have been constructed historically through official language and multiculturalism policies in Canada and how this political framing limits language rights and schooling for allophone immigrant children. By examining recent language policies, this article argues that the ways in which policy makers, educators, and researchers conceptualize CLD children shape their integration into Canada. This article draws upon a case study of teachers’ practices with allophone learners in one French-language school to highlight the potential for transformative third-space practices to support CLD children in French-language schools.
Proper Actions of Certain Nilpotent Affine Groups with Codimension One Orbits
Authors: Salma N. 
Published: May 2012

Criterion for proper actions has been established for a homogeneous space of reductive type by Kobayashi (Math. Ann. 1989, 1996). On the other hand, an analogous criterion to Kobayashis equivalent conditions was proposed by Lipsman (1995) for a nilpotent Lie group . Lipsman's Conjecture: Let be a simply connected nilpotent Lie group. Then the following two conditions on connected subgroups and are equivalent: (i) the action of on is proper; (ii) is compact for any The condition (i) is important in the study of discontinuous groups for the homogeneous space , while the second condition (ii) can easily be checked. The implication (i) (ii) is obvious, and the opposite implication (ii) (i) was known only in some lower dimensional cases. In this paper we prove the equivalence (i) ? (ii) for certain affine nilpotent Lie groups . Keywords: Affine nilpotent groups; Homogeneous manifolds; Proper actions; Properly discontinuous actions; Simply connected nilpotent Lie groups; Compact isotropy property (CI); Eigenvalues. © 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.7889 J. Sci. Res. 4 (2), 315-326 (2012)
Characterization of Bromelain from <i>Morinda citrifolia</i> (Noni)
Authors: Golden K. D. , Smith-Marshall J. 
Published: May 2012

Morinda citrifolia from the Rubiaceae family, collected in parish of St. Andrew, Jamaica, West Indies, was investigated for the presence of the Bromelain-like protein enzyme. In the process Bromelain from Morinda citrifolia was partially purified and characterized. Fresh plant material was extracted in buffer (sodium acetate-acetic acid (10mM), L-cysteine (1mM), and sodium chloride (0.1M), freeze dried and analyzed using column chromatography and assayed using spectrophotometry in a five step procedure. The major purification steps involved were ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel-filtration (Sephadex G200), ion exchange chromatography (CM sephadex C25) and (DEAE sephadex A25). The protein content was determined using the Bradford method. The enzyme displayed an optimum activity at pH 7.1 and a temperature optimum at 35 ºC. A purification fold of 70.9 and percentage recovery of 3.3 was obtained. Inhibition studies using several different inhibitors of the enzyme revealed that the enzyme was susceptible to copper sulphate (0.1mM), mercury chloride (0.1mM), cobalt sulphate (0.1mM), zinc sulphate (0.1mM) and phenylmercury acetate (0.1mM). Both casein and p-Nitrophenylbenzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysinate (CLN) were used as substrates for the enzyme, with the enzyme displaying greater activity when using casein as substrate. Bromelain-like protein enzyme showed high affinity for the substrate casein with a Km of 48.5 µM. Key words: Morinda citrifolia; Bbromelain; Proteolytic enzyme. © 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.8125 J. Sci. Res. 4 (2), 445-456 (2012)