bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High B‐value apparent diffusion‐weighted images from CURVE‐ball DTI
Authors: Peled Sharon , Whalen Stephen , Jolesz Ferenc A. , Golby Alexandra J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the utility of a proposed clinical diffusion imaging scheme for rapidly generating multipleb‐value diffusion contrast in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).Materials and MethodsOur strategy for efficient image acquisition relies on the invariance property of the diffusion tensor eigenvectors tob‐value. A simple addition to the conventional diffusion tensor MR imaging (DTI) data acquisition scheme used for tractography yields diffusion‐weighted images at twice and three times the conventionalb‐value. An example from a neurosurgical brain tumor is shown. Apparent diffusion‐weighted (ADW) images were calculated forb‐values 800, 1600, and 2400 s/mm2, and a map of excess diffusive kurtosis was computed from the three ADWs.ResultsHighb‐value ADW images demonstrated decreased contrast between normal gray and white matter, while the heterogeneity and contrast of the lesion was emphasized relative to conventionalb‐value data. Kurtosis maps indicated the deviation from Gaussian diffusive behavior.ConclusionDTI data with multipleb‐values and good SNR can be acquired in clinically reasonable times. Highb‐value ADW images show increased contrast and add information to conventional DWI. Ambiguity in conventionalb‐value images over whether hyperintense signal results from abnormally low diffusion, or abnormally long T2, is better resolved in highb‐value images. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:243–248. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of PRESS and STEAM sequences on magnetic resonance spectroscopic liver fat quantification
Authors: Hamilton Gavin , Middleton Michael S. , Bydder Mark , Yokoo Takeshi , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. , Kono Yuko , Patton Heather M. , Lavine Joel E. , Sirlin Claude B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo compare PRESS and STEAM MR spectroscopy for assessment of liver fat in human subjects.Materials and MethodsSingle‐voxel (20 × 20 × 20 mm) PRESS and STEAM spectra were obtained at 1.5T in 49 human subjects with known or suspected fatty liver disease. PRESS and STEAM sequences were obtained with fixed TR (1500 msec) and different TE (five PRESS spectra between TE 30‐70 msec, five STEAM spectra between TE 20–60 msec). Spectra were quantified and T2 and T2‐corrected peak area were calculated by different techniques. The values were compared for PRESS and STEAM.ResultsWater T2 values from PRESS and STEAM were not significantly different (P = 0.33). Fat peak T2s were 25%–50% shorter on PRESS than on STEAM (P < 0.02 for all comparisons) and there was no correlation between T2s of individual peaks. PRESS systematically overestimated the relative fat peak areas (by 7%–263%) compared to STEAM (P < 0.005 for all comparisons). The peak area given by PRESS was more dependent on the T2‐correction technique than STEAM.ConclusionMeasured liver fat depends on the MRS sequence used. Compared to STEAM, PRESS underestimates T2 values of fat, overestimates fat fraction, and provides a less consistent fat fraction estimate, probably due to J coupling effects. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:145–152. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi andTrichoderma harzianumand their effects on Fusarium wilt in melon plants grown in seedling nurseries
Authors: Martínez‐Medina Ainhoa , Pascual Jose A , Lloret Eva , Roldán Antonio 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Biological control through the use ofTrichodermaspp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could contribute to a reduction of the inputs of environmentally damaging agrochemical products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between four AMF (Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Glomus claroideumandGlomus constrictum) andTrichoderma harzianumfor their effects on melon plant growth and biocontrol of Fusarium wilt in seedling nurseries.RESULTS:AMF colonisation decreased fresh plant weight, which was unaffected by the presence ofT. harzianum.Dual inoculation resulted in a decrease in fresh weight compared with AMF‐inoculated plants, except forG. intraradices. AMF colonisation level varied with the AM endophyte and was increased byT. harzianum, except inG. mosseae‐inoculated plants. Negative effects of AMF onT. harzianumcolony‐forming units were found, except withG. intraradices. AMF alone were less effective thanT. harzianumin suppressing disease development. Combined inoculation resulted in a general synergistic effect on disease control.CONCLUSION:Selection of the appropriate AMF species and its combination withT. harzianumwere significant both in the formation and effectiveness of AM symbiosis and the reduction of Fusarium wilt incidence in melon plants. The combination ofG. intraradicesandT. harzianumprovided better results than any other tested. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of penicillins in milk using LC‐UV, LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Martínez‐Huelamo Miriam , Jiménez‐Gámez Esther , Hermo Maria Pilar , Barrón Dolores , Barbosa José 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aim of this work is to establish a method for the simultaneous determination of eight penicillins in milk samples by LC‐UV, LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS. The procedure involves a step for clean‐up and to preconcentrate the analytes by SPE and a subsequent chromatographic analysis. LC‐UV, LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS have been used for the simultaneous quantification of penicillins in milk. The proposed methods have been validated according to the EU guideline and present LOQ below the maximum limits of residues (MRLs) established by the European Union for penicillins in milk. The developed methods were applied to different milk samples obtained from cows medicated with penicillins.
Proparacaine complexation with β‐cyclodextrin and p‐sulfonic acid calix[6]arene, as evaluated by varied 1H‐NMR approaches
Authors: Arantes Lucas Micquéias , Scarelli Camilla , Marsaioli Anita Jocelyne , de Paula Eneida , Fernandes Sergio Antonio 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study focused on the use of NMR techniques as a tool for the investigation of complex formation between proparacaine and cyclodextrins (CDs) or p‐sulfonic acid calix[6]arene. The pH dependence of the complexation of proparacaine with β‐CD and p‐sulfonic acid calix[6]arene was studied and binding constants were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy [diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy (DOSY)] for the charged and uncharged forms of the local anesthetic in β‐CD and p‐sulfonic acid calix[6]arene. The stoichiometries of the complexes was determined and rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY) 1D experiments revealed details of the molecular insertion of proparacaine into the β‐CD and p‐sulfonic acid calix[6]arene cavities. The results unambiguously demonstrate that pH is an important factor for the development of supramolecular architectures based on β‐CD and p‐sulfonic acid calix[6]arene as the host molecules. Such host–guest complexes were investigated in view of their potential use as new therapeutic formulations, designed to increase the bioavailability and/or to decrease the systemic toxicity of proparacaine in anesthesia procedures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The California State University: a case on branding the largest public university system in the US
Authors: Celly Kirti Sawhney , Knepper Brenda 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Branding of universities is an area that is growing in importance as competition between
universities increases and creates an imperative for strong brand positioning and visual
identity as the basis for differentiation. In this context, this paper describes the process by
which the California State University (CSU), a major, multi‐campus public university
system developed a corporate visual identity system and analyzes the key issues in
developing this system, as well as the key challenges ahead.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Work stress and depression: the direct and moderating effects of informal social support and coping
Authors: Chen Wei‐Qing , Siu Oi‐Ling , Lu Jia‐Fang , Cooper Cary L. , Phillips David R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article investigated the relationship between job stressors and employee mental health (depression). It also examined the direct and moderating effects of informal social support (objective and subjective) and coping (active coping, overeating and drinking, passivity, and distancing) on the relationships. Survey data were collected from 843 employees in eight types of domestic‐ and foreign‐invested enterprises in China. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that increased exposure to job stressors was directly associated with higher levels of depression. Subjective informal social support and passivity were found to have direct effect on employees' depression. Further, objective informal social support and distancing buffered the negative effect of job stressors on depression. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in the paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agent‐based models in translational systems biology
Authors: An Gary , Mi Qi , Dutta‐Moscato Joyeeta , Vodovotz Yoram 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEffective translational methodologies for knowledge representation are needed in order to make strides against the constellation of diseases that affect the world today. These diseases are defined by their mechanistic complexity, redundancy, and nonlinearity. Translational systems biology aims to harness the power of computational simulation to streamline drug/device design, simulate clinical trials, and eventually to predict the effects of drugs on individuals. The ability of agent‐based modeling to encompass multiple scales of biological process as well as spatial considerations, coupled with an intuitive modeling paradigm, suggests that this modeling framework is well suited for translational systems biology. This review describes agent‐based modeling and gives examples of its translational applications in the context of acute inflammation and wound healing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Prenatal diagnosis of the organic acidurias
Authors: Sweetman L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis for the genetic counselling of families at risk for having children with the life‐threatening organic acidurias is advancing rapidly. The two major approaches to prenatal diagnosis are the assay for deficient activity of the enzymes in cultured amniocytes and the measurement of increased concentrations of the organic acids in the amniotic fluid. The latter, when done by stable isotope dilution analysis, is rapid, relatively inexpensive and very reliable.
Effects of Temperature and UV Light on Degradation of α‐Tocopherol in Free and Dissolved Form
Authors: Sabliov Cristina M. , Fronczek C. , Astete C. E. , Khachaturyan M. , Khachatryan L. , Leonardi C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effects of heat and UV exposure on the degradation of free α‐tocopherol (oil form), α‐tocopherol dissolved in methanol, and α‐tocopherol dissolved in hexane were measured. Results showed that degradation of free α‐tocopherol due to heat followed first order kinetics, with the samples held at 180 °C showing the greatest degradation rate. Free α‐tocopherol degraded faster at high temperatures than dissolved α‐tocopherol. In contrast, free α‐tocopherol did not degrade when exposed to UV light for as long as 6 h, but the hexane and methanol samples degraded significantly as a matter of time. The α‐tocopherol dissolved in hexane and methanol degraded by 20 and 70%, respectively over this time span. A mechanism for degradation of α‐tocopherol was proposed to explain the higher degradation rate of α‐tocopherol in methanol, as compared to hexane for times longer than 180 min. Knowledge of degradation kinetics of pure α‐tocopherol as a result of temperature or exposure to UVA light whether in free or dissolved form is critically needed to understand how different processing parameters affect the amount of α‐tocopherol during extraction, stabilization, storage or encapsulation processes.
Seeing Like Citizens: Unofficial Understandings of Official Racial
Categories in a Brazilian University
Authors: SCHWARTZMAN LUISA FARAH 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates how students at the State University of Rio de Janeiro
(UERJ), one of the first Brazilian universities to adopt race-based quotas for
admissions, interpret racial categories used as eligibility criteria.
Considering the perspectives of students is important to understand the workings
of affirmative action policies because UERJ's quotas require applicants to
classify themselves. Students' interpretations of those categories often diverge
from the interpretations intended by people who shaped the policy. Students'
perspectives are formed by everyday experiences with categorisation and by their
self-assessment as legitimate beneficiaries of quotas. In contrast, the policies
were designed according to a new racial project, where black
consciousness-raising and statistics played an important role.
Seasonal and water-depth variations in sediment luminescence and in sedimentation from sediment trap samples at Gerlache Strait, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Berger Glenn W. , Ante Sara , Domack Eugene W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSediment trap arrays were deployed in Brialmont Cove and Andvord Bay, eastern Gerlache Strait, from December 2001–March 2003. The recovered sediments (representing instantaneous deposition from the viewpoint of luminescence dating) encompass all the annual and local glaciomarine depositional processes. Magnetic susceptibility profiles were used to infer seasonality in the trap cores, and thus to select subsamples for luminescence measurements. Multi-aliquot infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) apparent ages were used to assess the effectiveness of ‘clock zeroing’ (by daylight) of light sensitive luminescence within fine silt polymineral samples from each trap depth. IRSL apparent ages for 24 samples indicate that the largest age-depth differences occur with the autumn season samples at both trap sites, suggesting a previously unrecognized and regional (within the Gerlache Strait) change in depositional controls in the autumn compared to other seasons. The apparent ages also indicate some differences between the fjords, and a more complex oceanographic regime at Andvord Bay than at Brialmont Cove. Dry-mass sediment fluxes varied from 0.4 to 0.7 g cm-2yr-1, with the largest flux at Brialmont Cove (∼0.7 g cm-2yr-1) occurring in the bottom trap, whereas at Andvord Bay, the largest flux (∼0.6 g cm-2yr-1) occurred in the middle trap (∼45 m above seafloor).
Abnormal uterine artery Doppler in pregnancies suspected of a SGA fetus is related to increased risk of recurrence during next pregnancy
Authors: SAEMUNDSSON YMIR , SVANTESSON HENRIK , GUDMUNDSSON SAEMUNDUR 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective. To investigate if placental Doppler velocimetry can predict the recurrence of a small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) fetus in subsequent pregnancies. Design. Retrospective study. Setting. City cohort over 15 years attending a university hospital. Methods. A total of 196 pregnancies suspected of a SGA fetus (<3rd percentile) evaluated by uterine and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry. Blood velocity waveform was analyzed for pulsatility index (PI) as well as the uterine artery waveform for notching in early diastole. Main outcome measure. The occurrence of a SGA newborn during the succeeding pregnancy by Doppler results from the previous pregnancy. Results. In the group of 196 pregnancies suspected for SGA, 27 (13.8%) delivered a SGA newborn in the following pregnancy. Thirty‐seven (18.9%) of the 196 had an abnormally high PI in the uterine arteries in their first pregnancy, 12 (32.4%) of these delivered a SGA child in the next pregnancy (relative risk 3.44, p<0.001). The corresponding figure for those with normal uterine artery PI was 15 (9.4%). Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was a worse predictor of recurrence of SGA (p = 0.051). Uterine artery notching was not related to a SGA newborn during next pregnancy. Conclusion. The results suggest that abnormal uterine artery Doppler is related to increased risk of recurrence of SGA during the next pregnancy. This knowledge might provide the clinician with an opportunity to initiate preventive treatment and increase surveillance to women at risk during succeeding pregnancy.
WHO CHOOSES THE WEDDING GUESTS, THE COUPLE OR THE FAMILY?
Authors: Castrén Anna-Maija , Maillochon Florence 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT
Marriage has become an individual choice in most European countries. In this article we study entry into marriage, i.e., weddings, which in the contemporary research literature are often presented with an emphasis on modernity: consumerism, celebration of romance, and the experience of a unique and individual occasion. The wedding guests are an important part in the making of ‘the perfect day’ but the topic has largely been neglected in the literature. In this study we analyse the selection of wedding guests in 12 weddings (six French and six Finnish) to investigate the dynamics of the interplay between individual preferences and the determinants that are more relational in origin. Three empirical questions are presented: first, who is responsible for choosing the guests? Second, what is the distribution of wedding guests between kin and non-kin? And third, who are the non-kin guests: are they friends first met by the couple alone, or also by the wider family? The results show that despite the predominantly individualistic discourse expressed by the couples, a wedding is still a familial affair: the configurations of family ties are influential in constraining as well as enabling the choices available to the couple.
NARRATIVES OF SELF AND RELATEDNESS IN ECO-COMMUNES
Authors: Eräranta Kirsi , Moisander Johanna , Pesonen Sinikka 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT
This paper focuses on eco-communes as sites of resistance and political activism. Based on a post-structuralist narrative analysis of interview materials, this paper elaborates on the ways in which life in a commune is narrated and represented as an identity project with a mission to bring about social change. The environmentalists studied make sense of their choice to live in an eco-commune as something that was triggered and facilitated by important crossroads and fateful moments that they had encountered in their past life. They also work on their identity as eco-communards by discursively problematizing their personal relation to themselves (self) and to others (spouse and family), as well as by constructing new forms of subjectivity, intimacy, and relatedness through communal life. Life in the eco-commune thus represents a form of resistance and political struggle that Michel Foucault has referred to as politics of self; it represents not only direct opposition against the social order of contemporary Western consumer society but also more subtle resistance against the normalized forms of subjectivity that it entails.
GAINING PERSPECTIVE ON CHOICE AND FATE
Authors: Holland Janet , Thomson Rachel 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT
The idea of epiphanies, turning points and critical biographical moments is a central analytic category of life history research in general, and of youth studies in particular. In this paper we explore how we have engaged with ideas of ‘fatefulness’ (Giddens 1991) and biographical ‘choice’ in a longitudinal qualitative study of young people's transitions to adulthood, tracing the employment of theoretical and analytical devices through time to assess their usefulness in this context. We attempted to operationalise Giddens’ idea of the fateful moment in relation to biographical data asking how the analysis of a formal narrative device (critical moments, turning points) might play a part in mapping and theorising the configuration of structural conditions, individual responses, timing and chance. We reviewed earlier analyses, and the changes of interpretation brought about by the accumulation of biographical data through time, recognising the provisional nature of interpretation in longitudinal research and analysis. The process of revisiting and revising our deliberations over the meaning and significance of the critical moments within biographical narratives confirms the interpretative value of focussing on these narrative forms, yet suggests that late modern theoretical frameworks with their emphasis on reflexivity may have a limited contribution to make to understanding the configuration of biography and history. We suggest that this makes a theoretical and methodological contribution to biographical and narrative approaches to the study of young people's lives, transitions to adulthood and trajectories.
SHARING THE SAME FATE
Authors: Ketokivi Kaisa 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT
Peer support has become a growing source of consolation for individuals in contemporary social life. This article examines the social bond between selves and their fellow sufferers ‘sharing the same fate’ in support groups and personal networks. Analyzed fateful conditions include serious illness, premature loss of a spouse through death or abandonment, infertility and family disruptions. The results show that selves colonized by agonizing life experiences confront social isolation and turn to their fellow sufferers in order to find understanding. A distinct kind of social bond is proposed between fellow sufferers involving sharing at the level of generalized experiences. Further analysis of different states of the bonds and their consequences is drawn from Thomas Scheff's distinction of the social bond as one of three states: attuned, engulfed or isolated. When attuned to fellow sufferers, peer support can be genuinely self-empowering and healing, but also other consequences emerge. In engulfed bonds with fellow sufferers, the particular self stands at risk of being overpowered by others. Isolated bonds with fellow sufferers may not be capable of breaking the lonely state of suffering. This paper provides an elaborate empirical understanding of the interplay between fate, the social and the individual in the context of peer support. The data is made up of repeated in-depth interviews with 22 Finnish women and men that contain narrated life stories, accompanied by information about their network, of significant others and support contacts.
HAUNTING IN AN AGE OF INDIVIDUALIZATION
Authors: Roseneil Sasha 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT
This paper uses the notion of ‘haunting’ to explore how even those who might be considered to be particularly individualized are inhabited by the traces of the lives of others. The paper works with a single detailed case study taken from UK based research on the personal lives and values of people living outside the conventional cohabiting couple. It develops a psycho-social-analysis of interviews with Ben, a black English man in his 50s who is a ‘strong’ case of the individualization of personal life. Ben represents himself as highly self-reliant and self-sufficient, yet his narratives repeatedly return to the central importance of his long dead father; the paper suggests that his interviews, and his subjectivity, are ‘haunted’ by the ghost of his father. It explores the ways in which conflicted issues of gendered and racialized belonging and identification, and questions of ethical subjectivity, are worked out in relation to his dead father. The paper is informed by psychoanalytic and sociological writing on psychic and socio-cultural processes of haunting, particularly the work of Christopher Bollas and Avery Gordon. It contributes to the re-thinking of sociological theories of individualization, challenging sociology to take seriously a psychoanalytically inspired ontology of relationality, and the impacts of past relationships on subjectivity.