bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancement of Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis via utilization of supercritical fluid reaction media
Authors: Elbashir Nimir O. , Bukur Dragomir B. , Durham Ed , Roberts Christopher B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) reaction has been studied and for nearly a century for the production of fuels and chemicals from nonpetroleum sources. Research and utilization have occurred in both gas phase (fixed bed) and liquid phase (slurry bed) operation. The use of supercritical fluids as the reaction media for FTS (SCF‐FTS) now has a 20‐year history. Although a great deal of progress in SCF‐FTS has been made on the lab scale, this process has yet to be expanded to pilot or industrial scale. This article reviews the research activities involving supercritical FTS and published in open literature from 1989 to 2008. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
A multi‐objective optimization approach to polygeneration energy systems design
Authors: Liu Pei , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N. , Li Zheng 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPolygeneration, typically involving co‐production of methanol and electricity, is a promising energy conversion technology which provides opportunities for high energy utilization efficiency and low/zero emissions. The optimal design of such a complex, large‐scale and highly nonlinear process system poses significant challenges. In this article, we present a multiobjective optimization model for the optimal design of a methanol/electricity polygeneration plant. Economic and environmental criteria are simultaneously optimized over a superstructure capturing a number of possible combinations of technologies and types of equipment. Aggregated models are considered, including a detailed methanol synthesis step with chemical kinetics and phase equilibrium considerations. The resulting model is formulated as a non‐convex mixed‐integer nonlinear programming problem. Global optimization and parallel computation techniques are employed to generate an optimal Pareto frontier. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Morphological characteristics of on‐farm water storages and their similarity to natural water bodies in the Border Rivers Catchment, Australia
Authors: Lutton Susan , Sheldon Fran , Bunn Stuart E. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Natural wetlands throughout the world are under threat from water resource development required to support an ever increasing population. In the Border Rivers Catchment in Queensland, Australia, a large irrigation industry and highly variable flow regime have necessitated the building of large on‐farm water storages. With the decline in number and size of natural wetlands, the presence of these storages on the floodplain has raised the question of their suitability as alternative habitat for aquatic fauna. This paper explores the variety of water storage types in the Border Rivers Catchment and how their morphology compares with that of natural wetlands — in particular, factors likely to influence aquatic biodiversity.
Storages and natural wetlands formed two distinct groups based on morphology. Storages tended to be large, deep structures with a more regular shape while natural wetlands were irregular and shallow with large perimeters. Although there was a degree of variability amongst the storage sites, a large proportion fell into one group and were considered ‘typical storages’. Typical storages contained tailwater and had the following characteristics: situated 3 km from the source river, 10 years old, embankment height of 5 m, area of 400 000 m2, perimeter of 2.5 km and capacity of 1 700 000 m3.
Due to their uniform structure we believe that most on‐farm storages are unlikely to support as diverse or abundant an aquatic population as natural wetlands. The presence of tailwater and associated chemicals is also likely to reduce the aquatic biodiversity of storages compared with natural wetlands. While they may be unsuitable as replacement wetlands, given their numbers they could provide significant aquatic habitat across the landscape, if managed effectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of nitrate nitrogen pollution on Central European unionid bivalves revealed by distributional data and acute toxicity testing
Authors: Douda Karel 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Studies from Central Europe have shown a relationship between the impaired population status of threatened freshwater mussel species and elevated nitrate nitrogen (N−NO) concentrations in running waters.
Causal mechanisms, however, remain unknown, and no experimental data or comprehensive studies involving more species are available, which causes uncertainty in prioritizing conservation actions.
This study uses both descriptive and experimental approaches to identify the effects of nitrates on freshwater mussels and demonstrates the need for integrating different research methods for development of conservation strategies for threatened species.
Spatial co‐occurrence of five native freshwater mussel species (Anodonta anatina, Pseudanodonta complanata, Unio pictorum, Unio tumidus, Unio crassus) and N−NO concentrations were examined in a 7th‐order river catchment (Lužnice River, Czech Republic) with anthropogenically‐induced increasing N−NO levels and declining populations of these species during the 20th century.
Acute toxicity of N−NO was then estimated for artificially reared juveniles of A. anatina and U. crassus using both lethal and sublethal test endpoints.
Results showed that the probability of occurrence of all species was significantly reduced in reaches with elevated N−NO levels.
In contrast, the results of toxicity testing revealed that the juvenile stages of the two tested species were less sensitive to N−NO than most previously tested freshwater macroinvertebrates. The detected 96‐h median lethal N−NO concentrations were two orders of magnitude higher than the limits derived from distributional data.
Despite the probable absence of a direct negative effect of N−NO on freshwater mussel populations, N−NO has potential to be used as an effective indicator of biotope conditions. Identification of causal mechanisms responsible for the observed relationship between unionids and N−NO will require further research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transforming Growth Factor‐β Suppressed Id‐1 Expression in a smad3‐Dependent Manner in LoVo Cells
Authors: Song Hongjiang , Guo Baoliang , Zhang Jianguo , Song Chunfang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTGF‐β plays an important role in regulating cell differentiation and proliferation in human cancers such as colorectal cancer. Id‐1 has been identified as a marker in colorectal cancer progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TGF‐β in regulating Id‐1 in LoVo cells. siRNA was used to silence smad2, smad3, and p38 MAPK gene expression in Lovo cells. Interference efficiency and the role of TGF‐β on Id‐1 expression were analyzed using a luciferase reporter assay, RT‐PCR, and Western blotting. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. In this study, we demonstrated that TGF‐β1 downregulated Id‐1 protein expression in LoVo cells. Smad2 and smad3 siRNA inhibited TGF‐β1‐induced 4×SBE luciferase reporter activity. p38 MAPK siRNA inhibited TGF‐β1‐induced 3×AP‐1 luciferase reporter activity. However, the suppression of Id‐1 by TGF‐β1 was recovered by smad3 siRNA but not smad2 or p38 MAPK siRNA. Moreover, TGF‐β1 stimulated cellular proliferation and p21Waf1 protein expression, which might be mediated by suppressing Id‐1 expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that TGF‐β1 suppressed Id‐1 expression in a smad3‐dependent manner in LoVo cells using RNAi technology. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms of TGF‐β function in colorectal cancer cells. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The assessment of human regional drug absorption of free acid and sodium salt forms of Acipimox, in healthy volunteers, to direct modified release formulation strategy
Authors: Menon Rajeev , Cefali Eugenio , Wilding Ian , Wray Heather , Connor Alyson 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAcipimox is an analog of nicotinic acid and is indicated for the treatment of dyslipidemia. It is also believed to improve glucose control by enhancing insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to direct modified release (MR) formulation strategy by comparing the bioavailability of two forms of acipimox (free acid and sodium salt) from the distal small bowel (DSB) and colon with an immediate release formulation. Two parallel groups of healthy volunteers completed an open label, non‐randomized, three‐way crossover study. The rate and extent of acipimox absorption was highest following administration of the immediate release capsules, and was not influenced by the form of the drug administered. Following administration to the DSB, the relative bioavailability was approximately 52% and 30% for the salt form and free acid form, respectively. Following administration to the colon, the extent of absorption was further reduced. The data indicate that bioavailability from the DSB was limited by the solubility of the drug coupled with an absorption window, whilst absorption from the colon was limited by permeability. The study provided detailed information to support and guide the formulation strategy for a MR form of acipimox, which may improve the treatment of adult patients with type II diabetes and dyslipidemia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized Fmoc solid‐phase synthesis of Thymosin α1 by side‐chain anchoring onto a PEG resin
Authors: García‐Ramos Yésica , Giraud Matthieu , Tulla‐Puche Judit , Albericio Fernando 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThymosin α1 is a 28‐amino acid acetylated peptide used for the treatment of hepatitis B and C. This peptide has a difficult sequence because of the presence of consecutive β‐branched amino acids and shows a tendency to form β‐sheet structures, partly as a result of the many protecting groups required to assemble the peptide (up to 20 side‐chain protecting groups). Consequently, its synthesis has been generally achieved by convergent solution chemistry. Here we report a straightforward stepwise solid‐phase synthesis on a polyethylene glycol solid‐support that enables the scaling‐up of this key therapeutic peptide. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 565–572, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
On the mechanism of SDS‐induced protein denaturation
Authors: Bhuyan Abani K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo understand the mechanism of ionic detergent‐induced protein denaturation, this study examines the action of sodium dodecyl sulfate on ferrocytochrome c conformation under neutral and strongly alkaline conditions. Equilibrium and stopped‐flow kinetic results consistently suggest that tertiary structure unfolding in the submicellar and chain expansion in the micellar range of SDS concentrations are the two major and discrete events in the perturbation of protein structure. The nature of interaction between the detergent and the protein is predominantly hydrophobic in the submicellar and exclusively hydrophobic at micellar levels of SDS concentration. The observation that SDS also interacts with a highly denatured and negatively charged form of ferrocytochrome c suggests that the interaction is independent of structure, conformation, and ionization state of the protein. The expansion of the protein chain at micellar concentration of SDS is driven by coulombic repulsion between the protein‐bound micelles, and the micelles and anionic amino acid side chains. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 186–199, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Essentialism and attribution of monstrosity in racist discourse: Right‐wing internet postings about Africans and Jews
Authors: Holtz Peter , Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe investigated a total of 4997 postings on an extreme right‐wing Internet discussion board with regard to the groups and themes mentioned. The most frequently mentioned target groups were Africans, Jews, Muslims, Poles, and Turks; the most prominent themes and contexts were conspiracy, criminality, exploitation, threats to German identity, infiltration, mind control and harassment, procreation, rape, and sex. We analysed in detail postings about Africans/Blacks and Jews, that is target groups that were the most clearly connected to particular themes. The analysis reveals that extreme right‐wing discourse essentializes the target groups of Jews and Africans/Blacks and ascribes them immutable group‐specific attributes that effectively make them ‘natural kinds’. The group of Jews appears as a kind of their own with super‐human powers and influence. Africans and Blacks are despised, firstly because their essential characteristics prohibit them to be categorically mixed with Germans (i.e. to become German by nationality) due to their incompatible essence, and secondly when they procreate with Whites. Such procreation produces ‘bastards’ that are met with disgust. We argue that essentialist thinking about social and ethnic groups explains a good part of their rejection by right‐wing followers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: High Temperature Powder Diffraction and Solid State DFT Study of β‐Cryolite (Na3AlF6).
Authors: Smrcok L'. , Kucharik M. , Tovar M. , Zizak I. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Stability of Ternary Imides in the Li—Mg—N—H Hydrogen Storage System.
Authors: Hu Jianjiang , Fichtner Maximilian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Reactivity of F3SNXeF+: Syntheses and Structural Characterizations of [F4S=N—Xe···NSF3] [AsF6], a Rare Example of a N—Xe—N Linkage, and [F3S(NSF3)2][AsF6].
Authors: Smith Gregory L. , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of the Noncentrosymmetric Hydrate Borate Na2B5O8(OH)·2H2O.
Authors: Wang Yongjiang , Pan Shilie , Tian Xuelin , Zhou Zhongxiang , Liu Gang , Wang Jide , Jia Dianzeng 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted One‐Carbon Chain Extension in the Preparation of Terminal α‐Hydroxy Ketones.
Authors: Vaismaa Matti J. P. , Leskinen Mikko V. , Lajunen Marja K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Deprotection of Bulky (Trialkylsilyl)acetylenes with Silver Fluoride.
Authors: Kim Sanghee , Kim Bogyeong , In Jinkyung 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Alkyl Propiolate Addition to Aliphatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Turlington Mark , DeBerardinis Albert M. , Pu Lin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Monodentate Non‐C2‐symmetric Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes for Enantioselective Synthesis. Cu‐Catalyzed Conjugate Additions of Aryl‐ and Alkenylsilylfluorides to Cyclic Enones.
Authors: Lee Kang‐sang , Hoveyda Amir H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Strecker‐Type Reaction Catalyzed by Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Xie Zhengfeng , Li Guilong , Zhao Gang , Wang Jide 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient One‐Pot, Three‐Component Mannich Reaction Catalyzed by Boric Acid and Glycerol in Water with Major “syn” Diastereoselectivity.
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Chhanda , Datta Arup , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amination of Allylic Alcohols in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Nishikata Takashi , Lipshutz Bruce H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Small Organic Molecules for Enantioselective Direct Aldol Reaction in Organic and Aqueous Media.
Authors: Vishnumaya Monika Raj , Singh Vinod K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Isomerization and Hydroformylation of Olefins.
Authors: Jennerjahn Reiko , Piras Irene , Jackstell Ralf , Franke Robert , Wiese Klaus‐Diether , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphane‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Suzuki Coupling Reaction of Aryl and Heteroaryl Iodides.
Authors: Tambade Pawan J. , Patil Yogesh P. , Panda Anil G. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Diazo‐β‐hydroxy Esters Using a Bifunctional Titanium Complex.
Authors: Wang Wentao , Shen Ke , Hu Xiaolei , Wang Jun , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of Sulfonamide Analogues of Platensimycin Employing a Palladium‐Mediated Carbonylation Strategy.
Authors: McNulty James , Nair Jerald J. , Capretta Alfredo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Disubstituted Benzenes from Acyclic Precursors by a [5 + 1] Annulation.
Authors: Daniels David S. B. , Brown John M. , Gayral Maud , Xu Yingjian , Stewart Malcolm I. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboannulation Reactions of Cyclohexenone Derivatives: Synthesis of Functionalized α‐Tetralones.
Authors: Tabouazat Mohamed , El Louzi Ahmed , Ahmar Mohammed , Cazes Bernard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Reaction of Oxabenzonorbornadienes with Grignard and Aluminum Reagents.
Authors: Millet Renaud , Gremaud Ludovic , Bernardez Tania , Palais Laetitia , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.