bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting leadership theory and practice for the networked, millennial generation
Authors: Balda Janis Bragan , Mora Fernando 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCurrent research offers a complex perspective on the main characteristics of Millennials (or Gen‐Ys, as they are also called) as a generation in which knowledge is acquired, shared, and created as an extension of the primacy of relationships and networks and embedded in the connections that information technology provides. Aspects of the servant‐leadership model provide a context from which to examine the construction of workplace practice (action) and purpose (meaning) among members of the Millennial generation. However, theories developed in previous generations are not automatically applicable and require critical examination and adaptation if they are to offer an understanding of means for motivating and influencing Millennials toward more broadly defined goals and aspirations in multigenerational workplaces. After a review of recent literature, we conclude that future organizational paradigms will have to develop a multigenerational collaborative culture. With this in mind, we discuss how service leadership contributes to these new networked and collaborative organizations to help Millennials flourish and prepare them for leadership positions as well.
New perspectives on collagen fibers in the squid mantle
Authors: Krieg Michael , Mohseni Kamran 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe squid mantle is a complex structure which, in conjunction with a highly sensitive sensory system, provides squid with a wide variety of highly controlled movements. This article presents a model describing systems of collagen fibers that give the mantle its shape and mechanical properties. The validity of the model is verified by comparing predicted optimal fiber angles to actual fiber angles seen in squid mantle. The model predicts optimal configurations for multiple fiber systems. It is found that the tunic fibers (outer collagen layers) provide optimal jetting characteristics when oriented at 31°, which matches empirical data from previous studies. The model also predicted that a set of intramuscular fibers (IM‐1) are oriented relative to the longitudinal axis to provide optimal energy storage capacity within the limiting physical bounds of the collagen fibers themselves. In addition, reasons for deviations from the predicted values are analyzed. This study illustrates how the squid's reinforcing collagen fibers are aligned to provide several locomotory advantages and demonstrates how this complex biological process can be accurately modeled with several simplifying assumptions. J. Morphol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast 3D thermal simulation of power module packaging
Authors: Swan Ian R. , Bryant Angus T. , Mawby Philip A. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a thermal model that uses a Fourier series solution to the heat equation to carry out transient 3D thermal simulation of power device packaging. The development and implementation of this physics‐based method is described. The method is demonstrated on a stacked 3D multichip module. The required aspects of 3D heat conduction are captured successfully by the model. Compared with previous thermal models presented in literature, it is fast, accurate and can be easily integrated with an inverter circuit simulator to model realistic converter load cycles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sendai virus vector‐mediated brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression ameliorates memory deficits and synaptic degeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Iwasaki Yuki , Negishi Takayuki , Inoue Makoto , Tashiro Tomoko , Tabira Takeshi , Kimura Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that decreased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Therefore, BDNF gene therapy is considered to be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating AD. Sendai virus (SeV) is a type I parainfluenza virus that does not interact with host chromosomes because of its strict cytoplasmic life cycle. Although SeV is nonpathogenic in primates, including humans, its infectivity for neurons is strong. Here we demonstrate that SeV vectors effectively infected neurons, even though they were injected into subcortical white matter. Moreover, SeV vectors significantly induced BDNF expression, ameliorating synaptic degeneration and memory deficits in a transgenic mouse model of AD (Tg2576). This is the first study to demonstrate that viral vector administration in white matter is sufficient to restore cognitive function in vivo. These results also support the feasibility of using SeV vectors for gene therapy targeting the brain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors by endogenous glutamate protects against glutamate‐mediated excitotoxicity in the hippocampus in vivo
Authors: Vera Gabriela , Tapia Ricardo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPerfusion of 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) by microdialysis in the hippocampus produces intense epileptiform behavioral and electrical activity and neurodegeneration, resulting from a stimulated release of glutamate from nerve endings. In contrast, accumulation of extracellular glutamate by blockade of its transport in vivo in anesthetized rats is innocuous, and studies in vitro in brain slices suggest that under these conditions glutamate may activate presynaptic group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and inhibit its own release. Therefore, using microdialysis, EEG recording, and histological evaluation, we studied the effect of increased endogenous extracellular glutamate by blockade of its transport with pyrrolidine dicarboxylic acid (PDC) on the excitotoxic action of 4‐AP in the hippocampus of awake rats. We found that up to a 20‐fold increase in extracellular glutamate during >90 min with PDC does not induce any sign of excitotoxicity. On the contrary, this glutamate increase notably protected against the 4‐AP‐induced seizures and neurodegeneration, and, remarkably, this protection was dependent on the time of perfusion with PDC and thus on the duration of extracellular glutamate accumulation. To test whether this protective action was mediated by the activation of group III mGluRs, we used specific antagonists of these receptors and found that they clearly prevented the protective effect of PDC, without affecting the accumulation of extracellular glutamate. We conclude that the spillover of the excess extracellular glutamate activates presynaptic group III mGluRs and inhibits the stimulatory effect of 4‐AP on its release, thus preventing the activation of postsynaptic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors and its deleterious consequences. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Masters of the long haul: Pursuing long‐term work goals
Authors: Bateman Thomas S. , Barry Bruce 
Published: January 2012

SummaryWe investigate work motivation in the unstudied domain of individuals who pursue very long‐term goals. We highlight the fact that the preponderance of research findings on the psychology of work motivation is based on short‐term studies and discuss the potential relevance to long‐term motivation of literatures including long‐term thinking and time horizons, long‐term goals and goal pursuit, and self‐regulation. We adopt the qualitative research strategy of theory elaboration, with a specific intention of elaborating goal‐setting theory. Analysis of interview data from a unique sample of scientists and others pursuing goals spanning decades or more yielded a structure of psychological factors that can enhance, support, and sustain motivation for the long term. Reconciling our findings with existing goal theories, we develop an integrative model of motivating factors and self‐regulation processes underlying long‐term goal pursuit. We discuss the implications, including an expanded focus for our field on motivating people for the long run. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does process fairness affect job performance? It only matters if they plan to stay
Authors: Collins Brian J. , Mossholder Kevin W. , Taylor Shannon G. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryIncorporating a social exchange perspective, we examined the joint impact of process fairness and turnover intentions on job performance. Results from two independent samples suggest that employee turnover intentions moderate relations between process fairness perceptions and employee job performance. Specifically, the positive effects of the two types of process fairness on performance were stronger for employees who planned to stay with the organization than for those who intended to leave. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The challenge of evaluating health effects of organic food; operationalisation of a dynamic concept of health
Authors: Huber Machteld , Bakker Mette H , Dijk Wieneke , Prins Henrieke AB , Wiegant Fred AC 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe health benefits of consuming organically produced foods compared with conventional foods are unclear. Important obstacles to drawing clear conclusions in this field of research are (1) the lack of a clear operational definition of health and (2) the inability to distinguish between different levels of health using valid biomarkers. In this paper, some shortcomings of the current definition of health are outlined and the relevance of integrating a more dynamic and functional component is emphasised, which is reflected by the ability to adapt. The state of health could then be determined by challenging an individual with some form of stressor and by subsequent quantification and evaluation of the coherence in recovery of various physiological processes and parameters. A set of relevant parameters includes the activity of the immune system and the activity of the autonomous nervous system. A good recovery towards homeostasis is suggested to reflect a qualitatively good state of health. Furthermore, it would enable objective evaluation of health‐optimising strategies, including the consumption of organically produced foods that aim to strengthen health. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Free peritoneal tumor cells detection in gastric and colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Rossi Del Monte Simone , Ranieri Danilo , Mazzetta Francesca , Kazemi Nava Andrea , Raffa Salvatore , Torrisi Maria Rosaria , Ziparo Vincenzo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundFree peritoneal tumor cells (FPTC) derive from the detachment of primary cancer and may result in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Since peritoneal lavage cytology has low sensitivity in detecting FPTC, our aim was to estimate the clinical relevance of FPTC detected using an approach based on multiple molecular techniques.Materials and MethodsSamples of peritoneal lavage were collected from 27 gastric and 48 colorectal cancer patients. FPTC recovery and detection from peritoneal washes was performed by cytological examination and immunomagnetic enrichment for epithelial cells followed by immunofluorescence analysis for epithelial marker EpCAM/CD326 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). CEA and CK20 mRNA levels were quantified using a real‐time qRT‐PCR system.ResultsFor gastric carcinoma the FPTC positivity rate acquired by cytology, immunofluorescence and qRT‐PCR was 14.8%, 14.8%, and 78% and for colorectal carcinoma was 0%, 17%, and 42%, respectively. qRT‐PCR positivity was correlated with a poor cancer‐specific survival and time‐to‐recurrence rates in both gastric and colorectal carcinoma.ConclusionsEpithelial immunoenrichment and immunofluorescence analysis allows unequivocal identification of the FPTC. The real time qRT‐PCR showed higher sensitivity for the detection of CEA and CK20 mRNA levels and confirmed its prognostic value in gastrointestinal cancers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:17–23. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to neck from an unknown primary: The potential impact of modern pathologic evaluation on perceived incidence of human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal carcinoma prior to 1970
Authors: Chenevert Jacinthe , Seethala Raja R. , Barnes E. Leon , Chiosea Simion I. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:From the 1950s through the 1960s, an unknown number of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) presented with metastases to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary (SCCUP) and were not recognized as oropharyngeal in origin. At present, pathologic evaluation of SCCUP for human papillomavirus (HPV) improves discovery of occult oropharyngeal SCC and may partially explain increased incidence of HPV‐positive oropharyngeal SCC.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:A retrospective study of 13 cases of SCCUP diagnosed from 1956 to 1969 was performed. The probability of these cases of metastatic SCC to originate from the oropharynx was assessed by characterizing their morphology (keratinizing vs. nonkeratinizing) and HPV status by in situ hybridization and p16 immunostaining.Results:Two cases of nonkeratinizing SCC positive for HPV by in situ hybridization and p16 immunohistochemistry were identified. These cases were most likely of oropharyngeal origin.Conclusions:These two cases can be added to the other 15 cases of HPV‐positive primary oropharyngeal SCC identified in our department from 1956 to 1969. When determining the incidence of HPV‐positive oropharyngeal SCC before the 1970s, a correction factor of about +13% (2/15) accounting for modern pathologic workup of SCCUP during the last couple of decades may be appropriate. Laryngoscope, 2012
Characterisation of the carrier of distortion potential “residual stresses” in the collaborative research centre “distortion engineering”
Authors: Epp J. , Hirsch T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAs residual stresses are already known as important distortion potentials, a comprehensive characterisation of residual stress distributions is required. In order to get this information, several techniques that are often complementary have to be used. Every method has its own advantages but also presents difficulties. In this paper, three methods (X‐ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and micromagnetic methods) used for the characterisation of residual stress states of different components will be presented. Some basics about theory and application of the methods are given. Concrete examples and results are shown. In particular, residual stress characterisation of bearing rings made from the steel grade AISI52100 and carburized discs made from AISI5120 are presented. A comparison of the methods with their specific advantages and disadvantages is made.
Process‐chain simulation for prediction of the distortion of case‐hardened gear blanks
Authors: Simsir C. , Hunkel M. , Lütjens J. , Rentsch R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this study, a process‐chain simulation model is presented for the prediction of distortion of low‐pressure gas carburised SAE 5120 (EN 20MnCr5) steel gear blanks. For this purpose, the evolution of the banded microstructure stemming from the continuous casting process was traced by computer simulations of subsequent shape rolling, forging and machining steps. Then, the simulated local orientation angles of the deformed banded microstructure are transferred to heat treatment simulation module as an input for the recently developed material model that exploits the “Anisotropic Transformation Strain (ATS)“ concept to reproduce the dishing behaviour which cannot be reproduced by former models. The results indicate that the suggested procedure provides quite good predictions of the dishing directions and dishing‐free cutting strategy, whereas; the dishing magnitude is predicted fairly reasonably considering large scatters in the experiments.
Decreased heart rate variability predicts death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Pinto Susana , Pinto Anabela , De Carvalho Mamede 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIntroduction:Some patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) die suddenly despite normal nocturnal pulse oximetry (NPO), possibly due to dysautonomia.Methods:Forty‐four ALS patients without other medical conditions were studied. Heart rate variability was assessed through finger oximetry. The heart rate coefficient of variation (HR CV) was evaluated during nocturnal sleep. All patients were investigated at study entry (T1); 13 were tested 4 months later (T2), and 21 patients were investigated a further 24 months after entry (T3). Only recordings obtained from patients with normal NPO were accepted.Results:HR maximal, minimum, and median values remained stable. HR CV was similar between T1 and T2, but it decreased significantly at T3 (P < 0.01). Very low values were observed in 4 patients at T3 (HR CV <0.20), and 3 died suddenly within the following 2 months, despite normal NPO.Conclusions:Low HR CV is a potential marker of prognosis in ALS. Muscle Nerve 46: 341–345, 2012
Neuronal‐derived nitric oxide modulates the activity of mouse detrusor smooth muscle
Authors: Meng E. , Young J.S. , Cha T.L. , Sun G.H. , Yu D.S. , Brading A.F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAimsWe investigated the roles of neuronal‐derived nitric oxide (NO) in the modulation of spontaneous activity of mouse detrusor smooth muscle.MethodsDetrusor smooth muscle strips were isolated from nNOS gene knock‐out (nNOS−/−) mice and their wild type siblings (nNOS+/+). The properties of smooth muscle cells were assessed using intracellular electrophysiology and Ca2+ imaging by laser‐scanning confocal microscopy. The effects of an nNOS inhibitor, 7‐nitro indazole (7‐NI) on electrically evoked contractility were assessed using nNOS+/+ mouse detrusor strips.ResultsIn spontaneously active cells, the frequency of spontaneous action potentials (sAPs) and whole cell Ca2+ flashes in nNOS−/− preparations was lower than that in the nNOS+/+ preparations. The frequency of sAPs was enhanced by a nitric oxide donor, diethylamine NONOate sodium salt (NONOate; 100 µM), both when used alone and when the cGMP pathway was blocked by 1H‐[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3‐a] quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ, 10 µM). 7‐NI (100 µM) significantly suppressed the electrically evoked contraction of mouse detrusor strips.ConclusionsWe suggest that neuronal‐derived NO facilitates the generation of spontaneous activity via a cGMP‐independent pathway, and consequently enhances the evoked contraction of detrusor. Dysregulation of nNOS containing nerves may underlie bladder pathologies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:572–578, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intradetrusor botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) injections decrease bladder fibrosis secondary to partial urethral obstruction in the male rat model
Authors: Tinay Ilker , Tanidir Yiloren , Cikler Esra , Cetinel Sule , Tarcan Tufan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAimsWe evaluated effects of BoNT‐A injections on bladder function and histomorphology in a male‐rat‐overactive‐bladder model, created by partial urethral obstruction.MethodsA total of 45 male Sprague–Dawley rats were separated into 5 groups. Partial urethral obstruction (PUO) was created in all rats except the control group. At the 6th week after PUO, intradetrusor injections of 50 µl of saline (2 sham groups) or 50 µl BoNT‐A (2 treatment groups) was performed. Treatment and sham groups were studied 5 and 30 days after injection and neuropharmacological and histomorphological findings on bladder tissues were compared to the control group.ResultsBladder muscle hypertrophy and connective tissue increase were detected at 5th and more prominent at 30th day after saline injection. Intradetrusor BoNT‐A injection significantly reduced PUO‐induced histological changes in the bladder tissue both at 5th and 30th day after injection. At 5th day after saline injection, a significantly increased contractile response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) and carbachol were recorded in the saline group and this effect disappeared at 30th day. There was no statistically significant difference between BoNT‐A and control groups in terms of contractile responses to EFS and carbachol, both at 5th and 30th days.ConclusionPartial urethral obstruction induces increased bladder tissue contractile responses to neurogenic and pharmacological stimulation and intradetrusor BoNT‐A injections decrease these responses at 5th days after injection. As the unique finding of this study, intradetrusor BoNT‐A injections appear to decrease bladder fibrosis secondary to PUO in the male rat model. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:564–570, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A synthetic hexapeptide designed to resemble a proteinaceous p‐loop nest is shown to bind inorganic phosphate
Authors: Bianchi Antonio , Giorgi Claudia , Ruzza Paolo , Toniolo Claudio , Milner‐White E. James 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe hexapeptide Ser‐Gly‐Ala‐Gly‐Lys‐Thr has been synthesized and characterized. It was designed as a minimal soluble peptide that would be likely to have the phosphate‐binding properties observed in the P‐loops of proteins that bind the β‐phosphate of GTP or ATP. The β‐phosphate in such proteins is bound by a combination of the side chain ε‐amino group of the lysine residue plus the concavity formed by successive main chain peptide NH groups called a nest, which is favored by the glycines. The hexapeptide is shown to bind HPO42− strongly at neutral pH. The affinities of the various ionized species of phosphate and hexapeptide are analyzed, showing that they increase with pH. It is likely the main chain NH groups of the hexapeptide bind phosphate in much the same way as the corresponding P‐loop atoms bind the phosphate ligand in proteins. Most proteinaceous P‐loops are situated at the N‐termini of α‐helices, and this observation has frequently been considered a key aspect of these binding sites. Such a hexapeptide in isolation seems unlikely to form an α‐helix, an expectation in accord with the CD spectra examined; this suggests that being at the N‐terminus of an α‐helix is not essential for phosphate binding. An unexpected finding about the hexapeptide‐HPO42− complex is that the side chain ε‐amino group of the lysine occurs in its deprotonated form, which appears to bind HPO42− via an N···H‐O‐P hydrogen bond. Proteins 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.