bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESISTANCE SHOWN BY A PARATHION-RESISTANT ONION MAGGOT (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) STRAIN TO SOME OTHER INSECTICIDES
Authors: Carroll K. A. , Harris C. R. , Morrison P. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParathion-resistant (R) (× 24) onion maggot (OM), Delia antiqua (Mėigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), adults showed 15-, 9.3-, and 7.7-fold levels of cross-resistance to direct contact applications of chlorpyrifos, naled and chlorfenvinphos, respectively, when compared at the LD50 with an insecticide-susceptible OM strain. R OM also showed 3.4-, 2.9-, 1.6-, and 1.3-fold levels of resistance to deltamethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate, respectively. The low-level resistance to the pyrethroids was probably conferred from DDT, to which the R OM strain had a 4.7-fold resistance level. Nevertheless, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and permethrin were 137, 58, 28, and 17 ×, respectively, more toxic to the R OM strain than was parathion.
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AND OVIPOSITION RESPONSE OF THE CORN EARWORM, HELIOTHIS ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), ON OKRA IN VIRGINIA
Authors: Latheef M. A. , Ortiz J. H. 
Published: December 2009

Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, is a member of the Malvaceae. It is an important crop in the southern United States where vegetable production becomes precarious during the summer owing to extreme conditions of temperature and drought. Okra is grown in most southern home gardens and is consumed as a main dish vegetable or used in soups and gumbos.Because of its popularity and environmental adaptability, okra may have the potential for attracting fresh market premium prices for limited resource farm operations. However, little has been published on insect pests of okra in the United States. In an investigation at Petersburg, Virginia, during 1979 and 1980, we found that the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), was an important pest of okra.
IMPACT OF DAMAGE BY THE DRIEDFRUIT MOTH, VITULA EDMANDSAE SERRATILINEELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), A PEST OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)
Authors: Richards K. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of the driedfruit moth, Vitula edmandsae serratilineella Ragonot, enter uncapped tunnels in hives of the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata F., and eat the pollen and nectar provisions of incomplete cells. Significantly more cocoons are destroyed in hives made of pine nesting material than in those made of polystyrene nesting material. However, significantly more tunnel walls are chewed into and through in the polystyrene than in the wood material. A significant positive relationship exists between the number of moth larvae per hive and the number of bee cells produced in that hive. After hives are removed from the field and placed in storage for the winter, most mature larvae leave the tunnels upon completion of feeding and aggregate in spaces between hives.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAP CATCHES OF LEUCANIA COMMOIDES AND PERIDROMA SAUCIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN RELATION TO THEIR BIOLOGY IN MANITOBA
Authors: Ayre G. L. , Turnock W. J. , Struble D. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntertrap variability in catches of moths of the cutworms Leucania commoides Guenée and Peridroma saucia (Hübner) was tested by placing two traps for each species baited with artificial sex attractants at 1.6 km (1 mi) intervals to form a grid covering 64 km2 (25 mi2) near Domain, Manitoba. During the flight periods of the test species the attractants were 86.5 and 93.6% species-specific for L. commoides and P. saucia respectively. Moth catches varied between traps and flights, but the ranking of the traps by catch for each species was consistent during any given flight of L. commoides and during the first flight of P. saucia. The low intertrap variability in numbers captured of both species indicated the moths were uniformly distributed in the area. For L. commoides 10 traps within an area of 64 km2 would be required to give a population estimate within 20% of the true mean and for P. saucia three traps would be needed. The flights of L. commoides started abruptly each year and appeared to be triggered by rainfall. Flights of P. saucia did not occur below 10 °C but otherwise weather had no apparent influence on the flights. It was concluded that the moths of this species are blown in from the south each spring. Neither species showed a consistent distributional relationship with crops.
REDEFINITION OF THE GENUSSTOMISCLAIRVILLE (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBGENUS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Bousquet Yves 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genusStomisClairville is redefined. It includes two subgenera:Neostomissubg. nov. (type-species:Pterostichus termitiformisVan Dyke) with one Nearctic species andStomiss. str. with 15 Palaearctic species.EustomisSemenov, previously considered as a distinct genus, is synonymized withStomiss. str. Description of the genusStomisand of the two subgenera, as well as a diagnosis and comments on ranking and relationships of the genus, are provided.
RESPONSES OF NEOSEIULUS FALIACIS (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE) TO DIFFERENT PREY DENSITIES OF OLIGONYCHUS UNUNGUIS (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) AND TO DIFFERENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY REGIMES
Authors: Boyne John V. , Hain Fred P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effectiveness of the phytoseiid predator Neoseiulus fallacis in controlling population growth of the spruce spider mite, Oligonychus ununguis was examined in the laboratory. Development and fecundity of N. fallacis under various relative humidity levels were also studied. Under controlled conditions, N. fallacis significantly limited population growth of O. ununguis on Fraser fir seedlings. Survival, development, and fecundity of N. fallacis were similar for all relative humidity ranges tested, except at the lowest range (60–65%), in which none of the individuals survived to maturity.
EFFECT OF CHITIN-SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS ON OVIPOSITION BY TREATED ADULTS AND ON SUBSEQUENT EGG HATCH OF THE CODLING MOTH,CYDIA POMONELLA(LEPIDOFTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: Moffitt H. R. , Mantey K. D. , Tamaki G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn laboratory studies with the codling moth,Cydia pomonella(L.), TH 6043 and TH 6044, new benzoylphenylurea chitin-synthesis inhibitors, were more effective than TH 6045 and diflubenzuron in reducing hatch of eggs from treated adults. With TH 6043 and TH 6044, egg hatch was reduced only when the female of each mating pair was treated. Topical application of diflubenzuron to adults moderately reduced egg hatch while TH 6045 had no effect. Diflubenzuron also reduced oviposition by females. None of these compounds adversely affected mortality, longevity, or mating propensity of adults.
SURVIVAL OF AEDES LARVAE IN CONSTANT AREA PONDS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Pritchard G. , Scholefield P. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMosquito eggs were hatched by artificially flooding dry pond beds and estimates of population size were made through larval development for one population of Aedes spencerii, two of A. cataphylla, and three of A. vexans. Overall daily mortality rates were between 8 and 21% and survival to the pupal stage was generally less than 20%, even though water levels were maintained. Mortality appeared to be higher in early larval stages than in later larval stages. Predation was unimportant and survival rate may have depended on food supply or temperature or an interaction between the two. In normal ponds populations often suffer heavy mortality when ponds dry up before development is complete. A. cataphylla, a spring species, developed faster than A. vexans, a summer species, at low temperatures but more slowly at high temperatures.
REVISION OF THE HOLARCTIC GENUS PYRACMON (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Barron J. R. , Walley G. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe species of the holarctic genus Pyracmon Holmgren are revised. These are presumably all parasites of soil dwelling larvae of Coleoptera. Pyracmon sepiellum (Holmgren) is a parasite of Macropygon piceus LeConte (Dascillidae) and P. ctenicerae n. sp. is a parasite of Ctenicera destructor (Brown) (Elateridae). Seven species are recognized of which two are described as new, namely bucculentum (Holmgren), fumipenne (Zetterstedt), truncicola Thomson, and heteropus (Thomson), all from Europe, nigrifemur n. sp. from Japan, sepiellum (Holmgren), Holarctic, and ctenicerae n. sp. from western North America. The species are described, keyed, and figured based on characters of the adults. The final instar cephalic structures of larvae of sepiellum and ctenicerae are described and figured, these being the first descriptions representing the genus. Relationships of the genus Pyracmon with other members of the subfamily Campopleginae are discussed.
REDESCRIPTION OF BRILLIA KIEFFER (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEARCTIC SPECIES
Authors: Oliver D. R. , Roussel M. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDetailed generic descriptions are given for all stages of Brillia Kieffer. Keys are presented to separate them from those of allied genera, Eurycnemus Wulp, Euryhapsis Oliver, and Xylotopus Oliver. The known stages of five Nearctic species, including one new species Brillia laculata, are described. Two species-groups, the flavifrons group and the modesta group, are defined.
REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF LABORATORY-REARED MANDUCA SEXTA (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE) AS AFFECTED BY SEX RATIO
Authors: Stewart J. G. , Philogène B. J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe influence of sex ratio on the reproductive ability of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, was examined under laboratory controlled conditions. The optimum sex ratio was found to be 0.50 (F/T) displaying the highest rate of oviposition and egg production. The fertility of the eggs laid was linearly dependent on the number of males present in each ratio. Unmated females lived longer and began oviposition later than mated females. The percentage of the total egg production retained by the females was highest for the 0.17 and 0.83 ratios and may be attributed to a stress-related impairment of reproductive behaviour.
A MULTIPLE FUNNEL TRAP FOR SCOLYTID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Lindgren B. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe multiple funnel trap, an efficient, collapsible, non-sticky trap for scolytid beetles, consists of a series of vertically aligned funnels with a collecting jar at the bottom. The trap compared favorably with sticky traps and Scandinavian drainpipe traps for three species of ambrosia beetles and the mountain pine beetle. Minimum maintenance required for this trap allows for high efficiency in pheromone-based research, survey, and mass trapping of scolytid beetles.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFICIENCY OF PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS FOR THREE SPECIES OF AMBROSIA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Lindgren B. S. , Borden J. H. , Chong L. , Friskie L. M. , Orr D. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe optimal release rate of the aggregation pheromone, lineatin, for trapping Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) was 40 μg/24h. Sticky vane traps were more efficient than three other trap types for T. lineatum and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte). For G. sulcatus (LeConte), a multiple funnel trap was more efficient than a sticky cylinder trap but no better than vane traps or Scandinavian drainpipe traps. Placement of bait in the middle or bottom of drainpipe traps increased their efficiency in capturing T. lineatum and G. sulcatus. Multiple funnel traps and drainpipe traps releasing lineatin at 10 μg/24h, with an additional dispenser releasing lineatin at 30 μg/24h 1.5–2 m away from the trap caught more T. lineatum than traps releasing lineatin at 10 μg/24h, and were as efficient as traps releasing the pheromone at 40 μg/24h. Thus, the beetles respond strongly to the trap silhouette once attracted to its vicinity. In late April traps placed 15–25 m inside the forest margin caught more T. lineatum than traps at the margin, probably intercepting overwintering beetles before they left the forest. A few strategically placed vane traps among numerous multiple funnel or drainpipe traps are recommended for mass trapping of ambrosia beetles in timber processing areas.
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAPLE LEAFCUTTER, PARACLEMENSIA ACERIFOLIELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: INCURVARIIDAE), IN SUGAR MAPLE TREES
Authors: Parker Bruce L. , Aleong John , Teillon H. Brenton , Parker Lawrence A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLeaf samples were taken from crowns of sugar maple trees at selected vertical and horizontal positions and at each cardinal point. No significant differences in numbers of mines, cuts, or cases of Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Fitch) were observed among the cardinal points of the crown. Most of the mines were found on leaves located near the base of the crown and close to the tree bole. Significantly more mines/leaf were found on samples 0.6 and 1.2 m from the bole than at 2.4 m and outward to the edge of the foliage. The highest number of cases/leaf was found 1.2 m from the bole. One and two months after the leaf-mining stage both case-bearing larvae and leaf damage were more prevalent from the bole outward to a distance of 3 m.
A METHOD OF CAPTURING COLONIES OF AERIAL NESTING VESPID WASPS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE)
Authors: Pallett M. J. , Plowright R. C. , Gibo D. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method was developed for the transfer of intact medium-sized Dolichovespula arenaria colonies from their original locations, without damage to the nest and with minimal narcosis of the adult wasp population. The method necessitates a substantial manipulation early in the course of colony development, after which the nest is left to develop normally in situ until it is sufficiently populous to permit tranfer to a new location without intolerable loss of adult insects. We describe also a system for housing vespid colonies following relocation, together with a one-way tunnel system which has proved efficient for the purpose of collecting data on foraging activity.
EVIDENCE FOR A QUEEN PHEROMONE IN VESPULA (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE)
Authors: Akre Roger D. , Reed Hal C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractYellowjacket colonies were manipulated to test for a possible pheromone emitted by the queen that suppresses worker ovarian development. When queenless and queen-right groups of yellowjacket workers were periodically switched to different sides of a vertically divided nestbox, worker reproduction was partially inhibited. It is suggested that the queen may deposit an inhibitory pheromone on the comb, and workers encounter this queen pheromone during their various colony tasks.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF APHIDIUS SMITHI (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE): FECUNDITY, INTRINSIC RATE OF INCREASE, AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE
Authors: Mackauer Manfred 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe reproductive and demographic statistics of Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao parasitizing third-instar pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, were determined under constant laboratory conditions. At host densities of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 or 100 aphids/day, the parasite lived an average of 7 days at 20.5 °C. At host densities of ≤20 aphids/day, the total number of eggs laid and the total number of hosts attacked were limited by the numbers of hosts available. Fecundity was highest with an average of 870 eggs/female at density 100; the maximum number of eggs laid by any female was 1770. Superparasitism was common at all densities, resulting in up to 84% (at density 5) of all eggs being wasted. The relationship between host density and the number of aphids attacked per egg laid was linear for densities of ≥20 aphids/day. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) varied with the host density. It reached maximum value at density 100, calculated as 0.358 female/female/day and assuming an overall sex ratio of 1:1 males:females. Regression equations describing r as a function of host density and parasite sex ratio are provided. It is shown that the potential rate of increase of A. smithi exceeds that of the pea aphid over a broad range of average conditions. The parasite's functional response was convex (Holling type II) and decelerated with increasing density. The intrinsic attack rate (a′) and handling time (Th) were estimated from the functional response curve as a′ = 6.62 days−1 and Th = 0.0033 day (4.7 min). The ‘random parasite’ equation satisfactorily predicted the number of aphids attacked at each density.
GENETIC VARIATION AMONG WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) OUTBREAKS IN IDAHO AND MONTANA
Authors: Willhite E. A. , Stock M. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGenetic variation among western spruce budworms from 14 sites of high-density infestation in central Idaho and western Montana was examined using electrophoresis. Relationships were assessed through cluster analysis of genetic distance values and by study of shared rare alleles. Three genetically similar groupings appeared among budworms over the 14 sites. The genetic data and analysis of historical records of outbreaks over the area indicate that dispersal may play a significant role in the spread of some infestations.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULTS OF NEOMIDEOPSIS SIUSLAWENSIS N. GEN., N. SP., WITH REMARKS ON THE FAMILY MIDEOPSIDAE (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: ARRENUROIDEA)
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMale and female adults of Neomideopsis siuslawensis n. gen., n. sp. are described from Oregon, U.S.A. The genus Neomideopsis is proposed and diagnosed based primarily upon the strikingly autapomorphic presence of 17–23 genital acetabula on each acetabular plate flanking the gonopore. Possible relationships between N. siuslawensis and other Mideopsidae, especially species currently placed in Mideopsis (Nudomideopsis), are discussed.
CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Reeves R. Marcel , Dunn Gary A. , Jennings Daniel T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBarrier-pitfall traps and tree bands were used to sample adult carabid beetles in five forest stands of different tree species composition and spruce budworm infestation levels. Twenty genera and 37 species were collected over the 2-year period. Adult carabid populations were highest in the red spruce stand while carabid species diversity was greater in hardwood and fir stands having the most tree species diversity. Potential adult carabid predators of spruce budworm were identified using 5 criteria: number of individuals, habitat preferences, seasonal abundance, size, and food. We conclude that adults of Pterostichus pensylvanicus (Lec.) had the highest potential as predators of spruce budworm followed by Platynus decentis Say, Calosoma frigidum Kby., Pterostichus tristis (Dej.), Cymindis cribricollis Dej., Pterostichus rostratus (Newm.), Calathus ingratus Dej., and Pterostichus adoxus (Say).
EFFECT OF ENGLISH, SIBERIAN, AND CHINESE ELMS ON THE ATTACK BEHAVIOR AND BROOD SURVIVAL OF SCOLYTUS MULTISTRIATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Švihra Pavel , Volney W. Jan A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractScolytus multistriatus female adults demonstrated a distinct preference for English and Siberian elm over Chinese elm in attacking bolts and establishing egg galleries. Density of attacks appeared related to bark roughness of the exposed bolt. A ranking of elm species suitability for S. multistriatus is thus possible. Some of the females forced to attack Chinese elm died after making nuptial chambers but before establishing egg galleries. Egg production by females was unaffected by attack densities observed, elm species, or the place where the trial was conducted. In the laboratory, survival from egg to adult was lower in Chinese elm than in English or Siberian elm. Ability of the larvae to mine outer bark at high densities is believed to be a response to intraspecific competition and probably enhances survival. The first estimates of subcortical population parameters are presented for this species in North America. Adaptive value of variations in relationships between the beetle and various elm species is discussed.
DESCRIPTION OF COWICHANIA INTERSTITIALIS N. GEN., N. SP., AND PROPOSAL OF COWICHANIINAE N. SUBFAM., WITH REMARKS ON PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRYPHANTIDAE (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: HYDRYPHANTOIDEA)
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMale and female adults of Cowichania interstitialis n. gen., n. sp. are described, and Cowichaniinae n. subfam. is proposed for members of this genus and species. Adults of the new species are autapomorphic among Hydryphantidae in having an entire, uniformly sclerotized dorsal shield, the dorsoglandularia displaced laterally, the genital field located well posteriorly on the idiosoma, and unique sclerotized plates surrounding the coxal plates laterally and posteriorly, and are unusual in having slightly stalked genital acetabula and sexually dimorphic chaetotaxy on the tibiae of the pedipalps. Provisional remarks on phylogeny and higher classification of Hydryphantidae are also presented.
OVIPOSITION AND SURVIVAL OF THE EUROPEAN PARASITE MICROCTONUS BICOLOR (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN CRUCIFER-INFESTING FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN MANITOBA
Authors: Wylie H. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemales of a European parasite, Microctonus bicolor Wesm. tested with adults of crucifer-infesting flea beetles from Manitoba, oviposited readily in Phyllotreta striolata (F.) and occasionally in Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), but not in Psylliodes punctulata Melsh. Immature parasites developed and emerged from both P. striolata and P. cruciferae. M. bicolor is unlikely to provide economic control of P. cruciferae, which is the most important of the rapeseed-infesting flea beetles in the southern part of the prairie provinces. Further releases of M. bicolor should be in more northerly rapeseed-growing areas where there are higher population densities of P. striolata than at the original release site in southern Manitoba.
A NEW SPECIES OF BLETHISA BONELLI FROM ALASKA, WITH PROPOSED PHYLOGENY, BIOGEOGRAPHY AND KEY TO KNOWN SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Goulet H. , Smetana A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBlethisa inexspectata is described as new from one male specimen from Alaska; it is the sister species of B. julii LeConte. The phylogeny and biogeography of Blethisa Bonelli is discussed, and a key to all known species of Blethisa is given. Blethisa kaszabi Jedlička 1967 is placed in synonymy with B. tuberculata Motschulsky 1846.
NOTES ON ORTHOPTEROID INSECTS FROM YUKON AND NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Vickery V. R. 
Published: December 2009

Some time ago I published data on orthopteroid insects from northern Canada and Alaska (Vickery 1967, 1969). Two species and one subspecies were described as new. Two of these taxa occur only in the Yukon and Northwest Territories.Since that time additional information has become available. During 1982 two lots of northern orthopteroid insects were received for identification. These were sent from the Spencer Museum, University of British Columbia and from Biosystematics Research Institute, Canada Agriculture, Ottawa. These are abbreviated in the following list as UBC and CNC, respectively. The UBC specimens were collected by S. G. Cannings, R. J. Cannings, C. S. Guppy, B. Gill, and G. G. E. Scudder mainly in 1980 and 1981. The CNC specimens were collected in 1981 by C. D. Dondale.