bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel germline PALB2 truncating mutations in African American breast cancer patients
Authors: Zheng Yonglan , Zhang Jing , Niu Qun , Huo Dezheng , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:It has been demonstrated that the partner and localizer of breast cancer 2 (PALB2) acts as a bridging molecule between the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and BRCA2 proteins and is responsible for facilitating BRCA2‐mediated DNA repair. Truncating mutations in the PALB2 gene reportedly are enriched in patients with Fanconi anemia and breast cancer in various populations.METHODS:The authors evaluated the contribution of PALB2 germline mutations in 279 African American women with breast cancer, including 29 patients with a strong family history, 29 patients with a moderate family history, 75 patients with a weak family history, and 146 patients with nonfamilial or sporadic breast cancer.RESULTS:After direct sequencing of all the coding exons, exon/intron boundaries, and 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of PALB2, 3 novel, monoallelic, truncating mutations (1.08%; 3 in 279 patients) were identified (c.758dupT [exon 4], c.1479delC [exon 4], and c.3048delT [exon 10]) together with 50 sequence variants, 27 of which were novel. None of the truncating mutations were identified in a group of 262 controls from the same population.CONCLUSIONS:PALB2 mutations were present in both familial and nonfamilial breast cancers among African Americans. Rare PALB2 mutations accounted for a small but substantial proportion of patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Predictive clinical outcome of the intratumoral CD66b‐positive neutrophil‐to‐CD8‐positive T‐cell ratio in patients with resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Ilie Marius , Hofman Véronique , Ortholan Cécile , Bonnetaud Christelle , Coëlle Céline , Mouroux Jérôme , Hofman Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The role of the interaction between tumor cells and inflammatory cells in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is unclear. In this study, the authors assessed the prognostic impact of intratumoral cluster of differentiation 66b (carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 8 [CD66b])‐positive neutrophils and of the intratumoral CD66b‐positive neutrophil‐to‐cluster of differentiation 8 (cell surface antigen T8 [CD8])‐positive lymphocytes (the CD66b‐positive neutrophil‐to‐CD8‐positive lymphocyte ratio [iNTR]) in patients with resectable NSCLC.METHODS:Expression levels of CD66b and CD8 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays consisting of 632 NSCLC specimens from patients who underwent curative surgery. The relation between clinicopathologic variables and patient outcome was assessed.RESULTS:Intratumoral CD66b‐positive neutrophils were elevated in 318 patients (50%). In univariate analysis, an increase in CD66b‐positive cells was associated with a high cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) (median CIR, 51 months for low CD66b‐positive cell density; 36 months for high CD66b‐positive cell density; P = .002) and trended toward worse overall survival (OS) (median OS, 57 months for low CD66b‐positive cell density; 54 months for high CD66b‐positive cell density; P = .088). The iNTR was elevated in 190 patients (30%). An increased iNTR was strongly associated with both a high CIR (median CIR: 43 months for an iNTR ≤1; 34 months for an iNTR >1; P < .0001) and poor OS (median OS: 60 months for an iNTR ≤1; 46 months for an iNTR >1; P < .0001). In multivariate analysis, independent prognostic factors for a higher CIR were high iNTR (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56‐0.90; P = .005) and tumor stage >I, (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.30‐0.52; P < .0001). Independent prognostic factors for worse OS were a high iNTR (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54‐0.91; P = .007) and tumor stage >I (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.26‐0.47; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that the iNTR is a novel, independent prognostic factor for a high rate of disease recurrence and poor OS in patients with resectable NSCLC. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Clinical impact of anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies in first‐line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Loupakis Fotios , Cremolini Chiara , Salvatore Lisa , Schirripa Marta , Lonardi Sara , Vaccaro Vanja , Cuppone Federica , Giannarelli Diana , Zagonel Vittorina , Cognetti Francesco , Tortora Giampaolo , Falcone Alfredo , Bria Emilio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Antiepidermal growth factor receptor (anti‐EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are indicated for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients, but some scientific issues concerning their efficacy are currently unsolved.METHODS:A literature‐based meta‐analysis was conducted. Hazard ratios (HRs) were extracted from randomized trials for progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS); the event‐based risk ratio was derived for response. Sensitivity analyses to look for interactions according to KRAS status and chemotherapy association regimens were performed.RESULTS:Eight trials (6609 patients) were identified. A significant interaction according to KRAS status was found for PFS (wild type vs mutant, P = .001) and response rate (wild type vs mutant, P < .0001). The addition of an anti‐EGFR MoAb to first‐line chemotherapy increased PFS in the KRAS wild‐type population (HR, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84‐0.99; P = .03), and had a detrimental effect in the KRAS mutant population (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.25; P = .013). A significant increase in the probability of achieving a response was evident in KRAS wild‐type patients (relative risk, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.33; P = .011). In this population, the interaction in response rate according to adopted chemotherapy favored irinotecan‐containing regimens (P = .01), and at meta‐regression analysis the relative increase in response rate was significantly related to PFS (P = .00001) and OS (P = .00193) benefit.CONCLUSIONS:The addition of an anti‐EGFR MoAb to first‐line chemotherapy produces a clear benefit in response rate. This advantage is restricted to KRAS wild‐type patients and translates into a small benefit in PFS. At present, irinotecan‐based backbone chemotherapy could be a preferable option. The correlation between activity and survival parameters corroborates the hypothesis that anti‐EGFR MoAbs might be more suitable for patients needing tumoral shrinkage. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
18F‐fluoro‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in assessment of myeloma‐related bone disease: A systematic review
Authors: van Lammeren‐Venema Danielle , Regelink Josien C. , Riphagen Ingrid I. , Zweegman Sonja , Hoekstra Otto S. , Zijlstra Josée M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The goal of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of whole body X‐ray (WBXR) and 18F‐fluoro‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET) in staging and response assessment of multiple myeloma.METHODS:We performed a systematic review of studies comparing 18FDG PET with WBXR and/or magnetic resonance imaging in terms of sensitivity for myeloma‐related bone disease at staging and during follow‐up.RESULTS:Eighteen studies involving 798 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) score, expressed as a percentage of the maximum score, was 61%. In 7 studies (n = 242 patients), concordance assessment between WBXR and 18FDG PET scan was possible, showing a higher sensitivity of the 18FDG PET in the detection of myeloma bone lesions in 6 studies. The only study reporting on the prognostic value of 18FDG PET at staging found that the number of FDG‐avid focal lesions was an independent prognostic parameter. In addition, the limited studies on response monitoring showed that normalization of 18FDG PET during treatment correlated with a superior clinical outcome.CONCLUSIONS:In general, 18FDG PET has a superior sensitivity for myeloma bone lesions compared with WBXR. Future studies have to validate the additive value of myeloma‐related bone disease detected on 18FDG PET–computed tomography (CT) in predicting outcome. Response monitoring with the use of 18FDG PET‐CT during treatment is promising, allowing more precise prediction of prognosis compared with the standard response monitoring. In view of the expanding treatment options for multiple myeloma, this may provide important information for treatment decisions in the future. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Influence of socioeconomic status and hospital type on disparities of lymph node evaluation in colon cancer patients
Authors: Hsieh Mei‐Chin , Velasco Cruz , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Pareti Lisa A. , Andrews Patricia A. , Chen Vivien W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:A minimum of 12 dissected lymph nodes (LNs) has been recommended as a consensus guideline for resections in colon cancer patients. This study assessed the influence of both socioeconomic status (SES) and hospital type on compliance with this colon LN dissection guideline and examined the time trend for ≥12 LNs dissected.METHODS:Stage I to III incident colon cancer cases diagnosed from 1996 to 2007 were obtained from the Louisiana Tumor Registry. A composite census tract‐level SES score was created to serve as a surrogate for individual‐level SES. Hospitals performing colon resections were categorized into 5 groups according to the Commission on Cancer Accreditation Program. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used.RESULTS:Of 10,460 colon cancer cases diagnosed during the study period, 43.9% had ≥12 LNs dissected. Patients residing in less affluent SES areas were less likely to receive a dissection of ≥12 nodes than those residing in more affluent areas. SES was no longer significant after adjusting for race, sex, age, stage, grade, anatomic subsite, diagnosis year, and hospital type. In contrast, hospital type was significantly associated with the number of LNs dissected, even after adjusting for other factors. Patients diagnosed from 2002 to 2007 were twice as likely (95% confidence interval, 1.84‐2.17) to have ≥12 LNs dissected than those diagnosed from 1996 to 2001 after adjustment.CONCLUSIONS:In Louisiana, hospital type is an independent significant predictor of adequate LN evaluation for colon cancer. Training and education are needed to reduce this disparity in the facilities with consistently lower LN yield in their dissections. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Morbidity and mortality of radical prostatectomy differs by insurance status
Authors: Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Schmitges Jan , Sun Maxine , Sammon Jesse , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Zorn Kevin , Sukumar Shyam , Bianchi Marco , Perrotte Paul , Graefen Markus , Rogers Craig G. , Peabody James O. , Menon Mani , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Private insurance status may favorably affect various health outcomes including those associated with radical prostatectomy (RP). We explored the effect of insurance status on 5 short‐term RP outcomes.METHODS:Within the Health Care Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) we focused on RPs performed within the 5 most contemporary years (2003‐2007). We tested the rates of blood transfusions, extended length of stay, intraoperative and postoperative complications, as well as in‐hospital mortality, stratified according to insurance status. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, fitted with general estimation equations for clustering among hospitals, adjusted for confounding factors.RESULTSOverall, 61,167 RPs were identified. Of those, private insurance accounted for the majority of cases (n = 41,312, 67.5%), followed by Medicare (n = 18,759, 30.7%) and Medicaid (n = 1096, 1.8%). Insurance status other than private was associated with higher rates of blood transfusions (P < .001), higher overall postoperative complication rates (P < .001), higher rates of hospital stay above the median (P < .001), as well as higher in‐hospital mortality (P = .01). In multivariable analyses, compared with patients with private insurance, Medicaid patients had higher rates of blood transfusion (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, P < .001), length of stay beyond the median (OR = 1.61, P < .001) postoperative complications (OR= 1.24, P = .02), and in‐hospital mortality (OR = 4.91, = .01). Similarly, Medicare patients had higher rates of blood transfusions (OR = 1.21, P < .001), overall postoperative complications (OR = 1.17, P×< .001) and length of stay beyond the median (OR = 1.25, P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:Even after adjusting for confounding factors, patients with private insurance have better outcomes than their counterparts with nonprivate insurance. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Return to work in low‐income Latina and non‐Latina white breast cancer survivors: A 3‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Blinder Victoria S. , Patil Sujata , Thind Amardeep , Diamant Allison , Hudis Clifford A. , Basch Ethan , Maly Rose C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Previous research has found an 80% return‐to‐work rate in mid‐income white breast cancer survivors, but little is known about the employment trajectory of low‐income minorities or whites. We set out to compare the trajectories of low‐income Latina and non‐Latina white survivors and to identify correlates of employment status.METHODS:Participants were low‐income women who had localized breast cancer, spoke English or Spanish, and were employed at the time of diagnosis. Interviews were conducted 6, 18, and 36 months after diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent correlates of employment status at 18 months.RESULTS:Of 290 participants, 62% were Latina. Latinas were less likely than non‐Latina whites to be working 6 months (27% vs 49%; P = .0002) and 18 months (45% vs 59%; P = .02) after diagnosis, but at 36 months there was no significant difference (53% vs 59%; P = .29). Latinas were more likely to be manual laborers than were non‐Latina whites (P < .0001). Baseline job type and receipt of axillary node dissection were associated with employment status among Latinas but not non‐Latina whites.CONCLUSIONS:Neither low‐income Latinas nor non‐Latina whites approached the 80% rate of return to work seen in wealthier white populations. Latinas followed a protracted return‐to‐work trajectory compared to non‐Latina whites, and differences in job type appear to have played an important role. Manual laborers may be disproportionately impacted by surgical procedures that limit physical activity. This can inform the development of rehabilitative interventions and may have important implications for the surgical and postsurgical management of patients. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Pretreatment and routine echocardiogram monitoring during chemotherapy for anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity rarely identifies significant cardiac dysfunction or alters treatment decisions
Authors: Watts Raymond G. , George McKenzie , Johnson Walter H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The widespread use of anthracycline chemotherapy has contributed to improved outcomes in children with cancer. The most feared complication of the anthracyclines is cardiotoxicity. Routine echocardiographic monitoring typically is used before, during, and after treatment to minimize cardiotoxicity. The ideal use of screening before and during chemotherapy remains uncertain.METHODS:This was a retrospective review of children who were treated at a single cancer treatment center over 5 years. The results of all echocardiograms and related clinical decisions were reviewed.RESULTS:In 356 patients who were identified for review (age range, 3 months to 22 years; mean age, 10 years; median age, 11 years), 991 echocardiograms were reviewed (average, 2.78 echocardiograms per patient; median, 2 echocardiograms per patient; mode, 1; maximum, 11 echocardiograms per patient). Nine abnormal echocardiograms were identified (2.5% of patients and 0.9% of echocardiograms performed). Four echocardiograms were performed during episodes of septic shock, 2 echocardiograms represented false‐positive studies after repeat evaluation, and 1 echocardiogram demonstrated mild abnormality of function on the day of surgical resection of a large Wilms tumor. None of the 356 pretreatment echocardiograms altered treatment decisions. In 635 follow‐up echocardiograms during treatment, cardiac defects were detected in 2 patients (0.5%).CONCLUSIONS:The routine use of echocardiograms to screen for anthracycline‐induced cardiac damage before and during chemotherapy rarely identified significant cardiac damage to impact treatment decisions. Improved screening techniques with better discrimination and predictability are needed. Pediatric Oncology cooperative groups should consider a revision of standard monitoring protocols before and during treatment. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Two stem cell markers, ATP‐binding cassette, G2 subfamily (ABCG2) and BMI‐1, predict the transformation of oral leukoplakia to cancer
Authors: Liu Wei , Feng Jin‐Qiu , Shen Xue‐Min , Wang Hai‐Yan , Liu Yang , Zhou Zeng‐Tong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although oral leukoplakia (OL) is the best‐known potentially malignant disorder, the risk of OL malignant transformation is difficult to assess. ATP‐binding cassette, G2 subfamily (ABCG2) and BMI‐1 are stem cell markers that have been found to be associated with head and neck tumorigenesis. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of ABCG2 and BMI‐1 in predicting OL transformation.METHODS:In a retrospective cohort of 135 patients with OL from the study institution who had a mean follow‐up of 5.5 years, 32 developed cancer between 1985 and 2008. The expression of ABCG2 and BMI‐1 was determined using immunohistochemistry in samples from these patients, and included untransformed OL (n = 103) and malignant‐transformed OL (n = 32). The association between protein expression and clinicopathological parameters and transformation was analyzed.RESULTS:Expression of ABCG2 and BMI‐1 was observed in 58 (43.0%) and 44 (32.6%) of 135 patients, respectively. The correlation between ABCG2 and BMI‐1 expression was significant (P = .024). Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that 37.9% of patients with ABCG2 positivity developed cancer compared with 13.0% of patients with ABCG2 negativity (P = .014, log‐rank test). Approximately 40.9% of patients with BMI‐1 positivity developed cancer compared with 15.4% of patients with BMI‐1 negativity (P = .029, log‐rank test). Multivariate analysis revealed that ABCG2 and BMI‐1 expression was associated with a 3.24‐fold (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.31‐7.98; P = .011) and 4.03‐fold (95% CI, 1.59‐10.26; P = .003) increased the risk of transformation, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:ABCG2 and BMI‐1 expression was found to be associated with the development of oral cancer in a large cohort of patients with OL for whom long‐term follow‐up was available, which suggests that ABCG2 and BMI‐1 may be used as predictors of OL transformation. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Occult tumor burden contributes to racial disparities in stage‐specific colorectal cancer outcomes
Authors: Hyslop Terry , Weinberg David S. , Schulz Stephanie , Barkun Alan , Waldman Scott A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:There are differences in outcomes in blacks compared with whites with lymph node–negative (pN0) colorectal cancer. Recurrence in pN0 patients suggests the presence of occult metastases undetected by conventional approaches. This study explores the association of racial differences in outcomes with occult tumor burden in regional lymph nodes.METHODS:Lymph nodes (range, 2‐159) from 282 prospectively enrolled pN0 colorectal cancer patients followed for a median of 24 months (range, 2‐63 months) were subjected to molecular analysis. Occult tumor burden was estimated by quantifying the expression of GUCY2C, a biomarker for metastatic colorectal cancer cells. Risk categories defined using occult tumor burden was the primary outcome measure. Association of prognostic variables and risk were defined by multivariate polytomous logistic regression.RESULTS:Occult tumor burden stratified this cohort of 259 whites and 23 blacks into categories with low (60%; recurrence rate [RR] = 2.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1%‐4.5%), intermediate (31%; RR = 33.3%; 95% CI, 23.7%‐44.1%), and high (9%; RR = 68.0%; 95% CI, 46.5%‐85.1%; P < .001) risk. Blacks compared with whites exhibited 4‐fold greater occult metastases in individual lymph nodes (P < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that race (P = .02), T stage (P = .02), and number of lymph nodes collected (P = .003) were independent prognostic markers of risk category. Blacks compared with whites were more likely to harbor levels of occult tumor burden, associated with the highest recurrence risk (adjusted odds ratio = 5.08; 95% CI, 1.69‐21.39; P = .007).CONCLUSIONS:Racial disparities in stage‐specific outcomes in colorectal cancer are associated with differences in occult tumor burden in regional lymph nodes. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A randomized phase 2 trial of a preparative regimen of bortezomib, high‐dose melphalan, arsenic trioxide, and ascorbic acid
Authors: Sharma Manish , Khan Hassan , Thall Peter F. , Orlowski Robert Z. , Bassett Roland L. , Shah Nina , Bashir Qaiser , Parmar Simrit , Wang Michael , Shah Jatin J. , Hosing Chitra M. , Popat Uday R. , Giralt Sergio A. , Champlin Richard E. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Bortezomib is active for newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma, and it has synergistic activity with melphalan. The authors of this report conducted a randomized trial to determine the safety and efficacy of adding bortezomib to a preparative regimen of arsenic trioxide (ATO), ascorbic acid (AA), and melphalan.METHODS:Among 60 patients who enrolled between October 2006 and September 2007, 58 patients underwent autologous transplantation with a preparative regimen of melphalan 200 mg/m2 intravenously, AA 1000 mg daily intravenously for 7 days, and ATO 0.25 mg/kg intravenously for 7 days. Patients were randomized to receive no bortezomib (Group 1), bortezomib 1 mg/m2 × 3 doses (Group 2), and bortezomib 1.5 mg/m2 × 3 doses (Group 3). Primary endpoints were complete response (CR), grade IV toxicity, and 90‐day treatment‐related mortality (TRM). Secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).RESULTS:The median follow‐up of all surviving patients was 36 months (range, 20‐43 months). The CR rates in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 20%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. Grade 3 and 4 nonhematologic toxicities and TRM were comparable. The median OS was not reached in the groups, whereas the median PFS in Groups 1, 2, and 3 was 17.8 months, 17.4 months, and 20.7 months, respectively. PFS and OS were significantly shorter in patients who had high‐risk cytogenetics (P = .016 and P = .0001, respectively) and relapsed disease (P = .0001 and P = .0001, respectively) regardless of the treatment group.CONCLUSIONS:Adding bortezomib to a preparative regimen of ATO, AA, and high‐dose melphalan was safe and well tolerated in patients with multiple myeloma. There was no significant improvement in the CR rate, PFS, or OS in the bortezomib groups. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.