bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision-Making Confidence of Clinical Competency Committees for Entrustable Professional Activities
Authors: Montgomery Kelsey B. , Mellinger John D. , McLeod M. Chandler , Jones Andrew , Zmijewski Polina , Sarosi George A. , Brasel Karen J. , Klingensmith Mary E. , Minter Rebecca M. , Buyske Jo , Lindeman Brenessa 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceA competency-based assessment framework using entrustable professional activities (EPAs) was endorsed by the American Board of Surgery following a 2-year feasibility pilot study. Pilot study programs’ clinical competency committees (CCCs) rated residents on EPA entrustment semiannually using this newly developed assessment tool, but factors associated with their decision-making are not yet known.ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with variation in decision-making confidence of CCCs in EPA summative entrustment decisions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used deidentified data from the EPA Pilot Study, with participating sites at 28 general surgery residency programs, prospectively collected from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020. Data were analyzed from September 27, 2022, to February 15, 2023.ExposureMicroassessments of resident entrustment for pilot EPAs (gallbladder disease, inguinal hernia, right lower quadrant pain, trauma, and consultation) collected within the course of routine clinical care across four 6-month study cycles. Summative entrustment ratings were then determined by program CCCs for each study cycle.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was CCC decision-making confidence rating (high, moderate, slight, or no confidence) for summative entrustment decisions, with a secondary outcome of number of EPA microassessments received per summative entrustment decision. Bivariate tests and mixed-effects regression modeling were used to evaluate factors associated with CCC confidence.ResultsAmong 565 residents receiving at least 1 EPA microassessment, 1765 summative entrustment decisions were reported. Overall, 72.5% (1279 of 1765) of summative entrustment decisions were made with moderate or high confidence. Confidence ratings increased with increasing mean number of EPA microassessments, with 1.7 (95% CI, 1.4-2.0) at no confidence, 1.9 (95% CI, 1.7-2.1) at slight confidence, 2.9 (95% CI, 2.6-3.2) at moderate confidence, and 4.1 (95% CI, 3.8-4.4) at high confidence. Increasing number of EPA microassessments was associated with increased likelihood of higher CCC confidence for all except 1 EPA phase after controlling for program effects (odds ratio range: 1.21 [95% CI, 1.07-1.37] for intraoperative EPA-4 to 2.93 [95% CI, 1.64-5.85] for postoperative EPA-2); for preoperative EPA-3, there was no association.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the CCC confidence in EPA summative entrustment decisions increased as the number of EPA microassessments increased, and CCCs endorsed moderate to high confidence in most entrustment decisions. These findings provide early validity evidence for this novel assessment framework and may inform program practices as EPAs are implemented nationally.
Alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis in Austria: An observational long‐term outcome study
Authors: Moser Tobias , Foettinger Fabian , Hitzl Wolfgang , Novotna Bianka , Berger Thomas , Bsteh Gabriel , Di Pauli Franziska , Hegen Harald , Kornek Barbara , Langenscheidt Dieter , Sellner Johann 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveObservational real‐world study to analyze the clinical effects of alemtuzumab (ALEM) and subsequent disease‐modifying therapy (DMT) usage in multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsData retrieved from the Austrian MS treatment registry (AMSTR) included baseline (BL) characteristics (at ALEM start), annualized relapse rate (ARR), 6‐month confirmed progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA; ≥ 0.5‐point Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score increase), 6‐month confirmed disability improvement (CDI; ≥ 0.5‐point EDSS decrease), and safety outcomes until initiation of a subsequent DMT. The EDSS was re‐baselined at 30 days from ALEM start (BL EDSS).ResultsEighty‐seven ALEM‐treated patients (median age: 32 years, 72% female, 14% treatment‐naïve) were followed for a median of 55 (interquartile range 31–68) months. We found significant reductions in the ARR from 1.16 before ALEM to 0.15 throughout Years 1–9 (p < 0.001). Subsequent DMTs were initiated in 19 patients (22%, 74% anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies). At Year 5 (n = 53), more patients achieved CDI (58%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 45%–71%) than had experienced PIRA (14%, CI 7.5%–24%), and 58% remained relapse‐free. Shorter MS duration (p < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) 0.86 (CI 0.80–0.93)) and no previous high‐efficacy treatment (p < 0.001, HR 5.16 (CI 2.66–10.0)) were the best predictors of CDI, while PIRA was associated with a higher number of previous DMTs (p = 0.04, HR 3.06, CI 1.05–8.89). We found no new safety signals.InterpretationALEM had long‐lasting beneficial effects on the ARR and disability improvement, especially when initiated early in the course of the disease. Only a subset of patients received subsequent DMTs.
Decoding Organelle Interactions: Unveiling Molecular Mechanisms and Disease Therapies
Authors: Liu Ruixue , Hong Weilong , Hou Dongyao , Huang He , Duan Chenyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganelles, substructures in the cytoplasm with specific morphological structures and functions, interact with each other via membrane fusion, membrane transport, and protein interactions, collectively termed organelle interaction. Organelle interaction is a complex biological process involving the interaction and regulation of several organelles, including the interaction between mitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi, mitochondria‐lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum‐peroxisomes. This interaction enables intracellular substance transport, metabolism, and signal transmission, and is closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of many diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic diseases. Herein, the mechanisms and regulation of organelle interactions are reviewed, which are critical for understanding basic principles of cell biology and disease development mechanisms. The findings will help to facilitate the development of novel strategies for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment opportunities.
Oxide Based Pentachromatic‐Vision Inspired Optoelectronic Synaptic Transistor with Large Conduction States Over 512
Authors: Jeong Jun Hyung , Ma Jin Hyun , Park Min Ho , Ha Hyoun Ji , Kang Seong Jae , Yun Jung Min , Kim Yu bin , Kim Eojin , Kang Seong Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOptoelectronic neuromorphic devices based on oxide semiconductors have been potentially investigated to mimic the functions of human visual synapses. However, the challenge comes from the wide bandgap characteristics of numerous oxide semiconductors, which restricts the response range of the device under ultra‐violet (UV) region. Strategies for widening the response range are mostly focused on artificially generating the defect states, however, most of them results in mimicking the tetrachromatic visual system from UV to visible light range. To be used for industries such as robotics, or autonomous vehicles, mimicking the tetrachromatic vision system should be overcome up to near‐infrared (NIR) region. Here, a facile solution processed indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide and silver oxide structured optoelectronic synaptic transistor is fabricated not only to mimic the function of human synapses, but to overcome the tetrachromatic human visual system up to the NIR region. The device not only showed photoresponse characteristics under the entire 405 to 830 nm wavelength region, but also showed significant synaptic behaviors with over 512 conduction states under a reasonable incident light power density of 4.5 mW cm−2. The results will offer a useful facile method for fabricating optoelectronic synaptic transistors that can overcome the tetrachromatic vision systems.
3D Printing of Maturable Tissue Constructs Using a Cell‐Adaptable Nanocolloidal Hydrogel
Authors: Li Li , Liu Haofan , Zhao Yongchao , Liu Xuan , Dong Yinchu , Luo Jing , Jiang Xuebing , Zhang Yi , Zhu Qi , Yuan Xin , Pei Xuan , Zhang Li , Li Boya , Yang Shuai , Gou Maling 
Published: May 2024

Abstract3D‐printed cell‐laden hydrogels as tissue constructs show great promise in generating living tissues for medicine. Currently, the maturation of 3D‐printed constructs into living tissues remains challenge, since commonly used hydrogels struggle to provide an ideal microenvironment for the seeded cells. In this study, a cell‐adaptable nanocolloidal hydrogel is created for 3D printing of maturable tissue constructs. The nanocolloidal hydrogel is composed of interconnected nanoparticles, which is prepared by the self‐assembly and subsequent photocrosslinking of the gelatin methacryloyl solutions. Cells can get enough space to grow and migrate within the hydrogel through squeezing the flexible nanocolloidal networks. Meanwhile, the nanostructure can promote the seeded cells to proliferate and produce matrix proteins through mechanotransduction. Using digital light process‐based 3D printing technology, it can rapidly customize cartilage tissue constructs. After implantation, these tissue constructs efficiently matured into cartilage tissues for the articular cartilage defect repair and ear cartilage reconstruction in vivo. The 3D printing of maturable tissue constructs using the nanocolloidal hydrogel shows potential for future clinical applications.
Modulating the Locally Excited States with a Regulating Substituent for Highly Efficient Red/Near‐Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Feng Zi‐Qi , Yu You‐Jun , Song Zi‐Yu , Song Min , Zuo Peng , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Zhou Dong‐Ying , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient red/near‐infrared (NIR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is important for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, two TADF emitters, APTT and APTI, which have the same D/A backbone but different attaching groups at acenaphtho‐[1,2‐b]pyrazine‐8,9‐dicarbonitrile (APDC) core, are reported. The appended regulating groups can not only suppress the D/A rotation due to the space confinement effects but also modulate the locally excited triplet state (3LE). The improved molecular rigidity suppresses the non‐radiative process, accounting for the improved photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), while the modulated 3LE promotes the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process due to the high utilization efficiency of triplets. Consequently, both APTT and APTI demonstrate high PLQY and fast RISC process, thereby enhancing TADF efficiency. The doped devices based on APTT and APTI achieve maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) values of 20.5% and 25.4% with emission peaks at 664 and 670 nm, respectively. The non‐doped devices of APTT and APTI achieve the EQEmax of 2.8% and 2.9% with emission peaks at 788 and 794 nm, respectively. Encouragingly, the non‐doped devices of APTI have set new records for near‐infrared TADF OLEDs based on the APDC core. This study provides an efficient approach to modulating the optoelectronic properties of highly efficient NIR TADF OLEDs.
A Highly Optical Anisotropic Hybrid Perovskite for Efficient Manipulation of Light Polarization
Authors: Zheng Jieyu , Song Xianyu , Wu Yiran , Lian Yulong , Li Yanqiang , Xu Qianting , zhou Yang , Wang Ziyi , Wang Lei , Luo Junhua , Zhao Sangen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOptical anisotropic (e.g., birefringent) crystals can manipulate the polarization of light and thus are widely applied in modern optical fields. Common birefringent crystals are almost exclusively limited to inorganic oxides with small birefringence. Here, a new 1D hybrid halide perovskite PZPbCl3 (PZ = phenazine) is reported, which consists of perfectly parallel Pb–Cl chains and PZ cations. Remarkably, polarized optical observations show that even a PZPbCl3 crystal with micrometer thickness can modulate the polarized light efficiently. Furthermore, PZPbCl3 exhibits exceptional birefringence up to 0.65@546 nm, which is significantly larger than that of commercial oxide crystals. According to first‐principles calculations and polarizability anisotropy analyses, it is found that this birefringence is mainly ascribed to the linear polymerization of π‐conjugated rings in PZ cations. Due to the rich physical properties and structural diversity of hybrid perovskites, it is believed that the introduction of excellent birefringence into the hybrid perovskites will bring unprecedented opportunities to the future explorations of polarization‐dependent functional materials.
Constructing Lysozyme Protective Layer via Conformational Transition for Aqueous Zn Batteries
Authors: Pan Yifan , Zuo Zhicheng , Jiao Yucong , Wu Peiyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe practical applications for aqueous Zn ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising yet still impeded by the severe side reactions on Zn metal. Here, a lysozyme protective layer (LPL) is prepared on Zn metal surface by a simple and facile self‐adsorption strategy. The LPL exhibits extremely strong adhesion on Zn metal to provide stable interface during long‐term cycling. In addition, the self‐adsorption strategy triggered by the hydrophobicity‐induced aggregation effect endows the protective layer with a gap‐free and compacted morphology which can reject free water for effective side reaction inhibition performance. More importantly, the lysozyme conformation is transformed from α‐helix to β‐sheet structure before layer formation, thus abundant functional groups are exposed to interact with Zn2+ for electrical double layer (EDL) modification, desolvation energy decrease, and ion diffusion kinetics acceleration. Consequently, the LPL renders the symmetrical Zn battery with ultra‐long cycling performance for more than 1200 h under high Zn depth of discharge (DOD) for 77.7%, and the Zn/Zn0.25V2O5 pouch cell with low N/P ratio of 2.1 at high Zn utilization of 48% for over 300 cycles. This study proposes a facile and low‐cost method for constructing a stable protective layer of Zn metal for high Zn utilization aqueous devices.
Interfacially Enhanced Superconductivity in Fe(Te,Se)/Bi4Te3 Heterostructures
Authors: Chen An‐Hsi , Lu Qiangsheng , Hershkovitz Eitan , Crespillo Miguel L. , Mazza Alessandro R. , Smith Tyler , Ward T. Zac , Eres Gyula , Gandhi Shornam , Mahfuz Meer Muhtasim , Starchenko Vitalii , Hattar Khalid , Lee Joon Sue , Kim Honggyu , Moore Robert G. , Brahlek Matthew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRealizing topological superconductivity by integrating high‐transition‐temperature (TC) superconductors with topological insulators can open new paths for quantum computing applications. Here, a new approach is reported for increasing the superconducting transition temperature by interfacing the unconventional superconductor Fe(Te,Se) with the topological insulator Bi–Te system in the low‐Se doping regime, near where superconductivity vanishes in the bulk. The critical finding is that the of Fe(Te,Se) increases from nominally non‐superconducting to as high as 12.5 K when Bi2Te3 is replaced with the topological phase Bi4Te3. Interfacing Fe(Te,Se) with Bi4Te3 is also found to be critical for stabilizing superconductivity in monolayer films where can be as high as 6 K. Measurements of the electronic and crystalline structure of the Bi4Te3 layer reveal that a large electron transfer, epitaxial strain, and novel chemical reduction processes are critical factors for the enhancement of superconductivity. This novel route for enhancing TC in an important epitaxial system provides new insight on the nature of interfacial superconductivity and a platform to identify and utilize new electronic phases.
Supersoft Norbornene‐Based Thermoplastic Elastomers with High Strength and Upper Service Temperature
Authors: Cater Henry L. , Allen Marshall J. , Linnell Mark I. , Rylski Adrian K. , Wu Yudian , Lien Hsu‐Ming , Mangolini Filippo , Freeman Benny D. , Page Zachariah A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith over 6 million tons produced annually, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have become ubiquitous in modern society, due to their unique combination of elasticity, toughness, and reprocessability. Nevertheless, industrial TPEs display a tradeoff between softness and strength, along with low upper service temperatures, typically ≤100 °C. This limits their utility, such as in bio‐interfacial applications where supersoft deformation is required in tandem with strength, in addition to applications that require thermal stability (e.g., encapsulation of electronics, seals/joints for aeronautics, protective clothing for firefighting, and biomedical devices that can be subjected to steam sterilization). Thus, combining softness, strength, and high thermal resistance into a single versatile TPE has remained an unmet opportunity. Through de novo design and synthesis of novel norbornene‐based ABA triblock copolymers, this gap is filled. Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization is employed to prepare TPEs with an unprecedented combination of properties, including skin‐like moduli (<100 kPa), strength competitive with commercial TPEs (>5 MPa), and upper service temperatures akin to high‐performance plastics (≈260 °C). Furthermore, the materials are elastic, tough, reprocessable, and shelf stable (≥2 months) without incorporation of plasticizer. Structure–property relationships identified herein inform development of next‐generation TPEs that are both biologically soft yet thermomechanically durable.
Superdurable Full‐Life Superhydrophobic Composite Block
Authors: Wang Shanlin , Zhao Zhimeng , Yu Qiang , Li Pengfei , Zhou Fei , Xu Chao , Zhao Xiaofeng , Teng Yuancheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuperhydrophobic materials are attractive for industrial development but plagued by poor mechanical stability. Herein, a superdurable full‐life superhydrophobic composite block is designed and fabricated by embedding near‐zero contractive superhydrophobic silica aerogel into a rigid iron‐nickel foam structured similarly to a regular dodecahedron. The synergistic protection afforded by these materials ensures superrobust mechanical stability for the composite block, which features a high compressive strength of up to ≈7.4 MPa, and ultralow Taber abrasion of down to ≈0.567 mm after withstanding 50 000 cycles, and highly efficient water harvesting capability of up to ≈3114.3 mg min−1 cm−2 at a supercooling degree of 40 K. This robust material system provides a novel strategy to design superhydrophobic materials capable of withstanding extreme conditions, including high temperature, humidity, pressure, and abrasion.
The Power of Synergism: A Novel Drug Combination for Improved Therapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Maravajjala Kavya Sree , Kothekar Ameya , Roy Aniruddha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne of the biggest obstacles in treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the plasticity and adaptability of GBM cells, which renders monotherapy ineffective. Novel drug combinations that target multiple pathways are required to overcome this challenge. In the current study, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is identified as a crucial component in GBM cell survival using the KEGG database and literature search. Hence, it is hypothesized that a potential synergistic therapy can be achieved by targeting different stages of this pathway by combining disulfiram (DSF) and 7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin (SN‐38). The efficacy of this drug combination is evaluated using 2D and 3D in vitro assays, which exhibited a significant synergism with 5 × 104 times lower IC50 than that of temozolomide (TMZ), the gold‐standard drug. The combination treatment increases intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, and ROS inhibition by using N‐Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) reduced the cytotoxicity substantially, indicating that ROS played a crucial role in the synergistic cytotoxicity. The combination treatment inhibited GBM cell proliferation, migration, and stem cell marker expression. Mechanistically, the DSF+SN‐38 combination is found to increase p53 expression, inhibit PI3K signaling, and activate caspase 9. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the DSF+SN‐38 combination can present a promising therapeutic strategy for treating GBM.
In‐Plane Combination of Micropillars with Distinct Aspect Ratios to Resist Overload‐Induced Adhesion Failure
Authors: Li Dongwu , Li Ruozhang , Yuan Kangbo , Chen Ao , Guo Ning , Xu Chao , Zhang Wenming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBioinspired micropillar adhesives have shown broad application prospects in space capture and docking, due to their strong adhesion, good environmental adaptability, and reusability. However, when performing space missions, unavoidable contact collision with target objects may cause large deformation of the micropillars, resulting in the loss of adhesion ability. This study reports a novel micropillar adhesive through the in‐plane combination of micropillars (IPCM) with different aspect ratios, consisting of small pillars for retaining strong adhesion and large ones for resisting overload‐induced adhesion failure. It is demonstrated that the IPCM array can still maintain 85% of the adhesion peak after static large deformation compared to a general micropillar array composed of the same pillars. The impact of element size and layout of the IPCM, as well as detachment velocity on adhesion performance under high preload is discussed. Furthermore, finite element contact analysis qualitatively reproduces the experimentally observed micropillar deformations and attributes the overload‐induced adhesion failure to the redistribution of surface normal stress. Finally, the potential application of the IPCM in dynamic capture is demonstrated on different objects. The proposed IPCM opens up new design concepts for practical applications of bioinspired adhesives in space capture and docking.
Field Induced Off‐State Instability in InGaZnO Thin‐Film Transistor and its Impact on Synaptic Circuits
Authors: Kang Minseung , Cho Ung , Kang Jaehyeon , Han Narae , Seo Hyeong Jun , Yang Jee‐Eun , Shin Seokyeon , Kim Taehyun , Kim Sangwook , Jeong Changwook , Kim Sangbum 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCharge storage synaptic circuits employing InGaZnO thin‐film transistors (IGZO TFTs) and capacitors are a promising candidate for on‐chip trainable neural network hardware accelerators. However, IGZO TFTs often exhibit bias instability. For synaptic memory applications, the programming transistors are predominantly exposed to asymmetric off‐state biases, and a unique field‐dependent on‐current reduction under off‐scenario is observed which may result in programming current variation. Further examination of the phenomenon is conducted with transmission line‐like method and degradation recovery tests, and current reduction can be attributed to contact resistance increase by charge trapping in the source and drain electrode and the channel region. The current decrease is subsequently formulated with a stretched exponential model with bias‐dependent parameters for quantitative circuit analysis under off‐state degradation. A neural network hardware acceleration simulator is utilized to assess the complicated impact the off‐state current degradation could instigate on on‐chip trainable IGZO TFT‐based synapse arrays. The simulation results generally demonstrate deteriorated training accuracy with aggravated off‐state instability, and the accuracy trend is elucidated from the perspective of weight symmetry point.