bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A spindle cell variant of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma is characterized by T‐cell/myofibrohistio‐rich stromal alterations: analysis of 10 cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Kimura Yoshizo , Arakawa Fumiko , Kiyasu Junichi , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Yoshida Maki , Ichikawa Ayako , Nakashima Shinji , Ishibashi Yukinao , Niino Daisuke , Sugita Yasuo , Ishiyama Ken , Higuchi Masakazu , Takasaki Yumi , Shimomura Taizo , Koike Chisato , Kuwahara Nobuo , Fujikawa Kazuhisa , Ohshima Koichi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSpindle‐shaped diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (Sp‐DLBCL) has been recognized as a rare morphologic variant of DLBCL. However, the biological processes that contribute to the specific features of Sp‐DLBCL remain poorly understood. In this study, a combined immunophenotypic and genetic analysis was performed in 10 Sp‐DLBCL. First, we investigated several unique markers for anaplasia (CD30, ALK, CD68, and EBER‐ISH), mesenchyma (SMA, desmin, and vimentin), and B‐cell differentiation (CD10, BCL6, and MUM1). We also performed conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies to look for common chromosomal break points (BCL2, BCL6, and MYC). We found that most Sp‐DLBCLs were germinal center B cell‐like and that none had any other specific phenotypes or any karyotypic abnormalities. Instead, T cells, CD68‐positive macrophages and SMA‐positive myofibroblasts were significantly increased in Sp‐DLBCL when compared with conventional GCB origin DLBCL cases (n = 10) (P = 0.012, P < 0.001, and P < 0.0001, respectively). To further characterize Sp‐DLBCL, we next compared the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFβ1) between the two types of DLBCL. Finally, we confirmed that the number of FGF2‐ and TGFβ1‐positive stromal cells was markedly increased in Sp‐DLBCL and that the difference between these and conventional GCB origin DLBCLs was significant (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0017, respectively). Thus, T‐cell/myofibrohistio‐rich stromal alterations in Sp‐DLBCL, especially those mediated by TGFβ1 and FGF2, may play a role in the transition of lymphoma cells into those with spindle‐shaped features.
Torsional Shear Strength of Silicon Carbide Components Pressurelessly Joined by a Glass‐Ceramic
Authors: Ferraris Monica , Salvo Milena , Rizzo Stefano , Casalegno Valentina , Han Shaohua , Ventrella Andrea , Hinoki Tatsuya , Katoh Yutai 
Published: June 2012

Silicon carbide (SiC) samples have been joined by a pressureless slurry based method. The CaO–Al2O3 (CA) glass‐ceramic joining material has been characterized in term of crystalline phases and thermal and mechanical properties. A torsion test based on miniaturized hourglass shaped specimens has been used as pure shear strength test method for joined ceramic samples. Torsion results are compared to those obtained by a single lap offset (SLO) test in compression on the same joined materials. Pure shear strength of 104 ± 25 MPa has been measured by torsion test, whereas single lap offset gave 36 ± 8 MPa.
EVALUATION OF INTERNAL QUALITY OF FRESH‐CUT POMELO USING VIS/NIR TRANSMITTANCE
Authors: PUANGSOMBUT ARTHIT , PATHAVEERAT SIWALAK , TERDWONGWORAKUL ANUPUN , PUANGSOMBUT KAEWKARN 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTNondestructive techniques based on visible and near‐infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy were used for evaluation of the internal quality of fruit products. The objectives of the study were to investigate the feasibility of using Vis/NIR spectroscopic devices in transmission mode to predict the soluble solids content (SSC) and total acidity (TA) of fresh‐cut Kao Numpung pomelo. The determination of SSC and TA could be successfully performed through Vis/NIR spectroscopy using partial least squares regression. Preprocessing methods and interval partial least squares (iPLS) algorithms were analyzed. The results indicated that Vis/NIR spectrophotometry in combination with preprocessing techniques can be applied to predict the soluble solids and TA of fresh‐cut Kao Numpung pomelo. The optimal SSC model was established by standard normal variate transformation. The TA prediction model could be simplified by iPLS regression.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe research presents Vis/NIR spectroscopy that has been used for evaluation of the soluble solids and TA of fresh‐cut Kao Numpung pomelo. The results indicated that Vis/NIR spectroscopy devices combined with preprocessing techniques could be used to predict the internal quality of fresh‐cut Kao Numpung pomelo. Further, they can be used to develop an online system for the prediction of the internal quality of fresh‐cut pomelos.
Managing risks of violence in a youth mental health service: a service model description
Authors: Purcell Rosemary , Fraser Richard , Greenwood‐Smith Catherine , Baksheev Gennady N. , McCarthy Jennifer , Reid David , Lemphers Anthea , Sullivan Danny H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim: There is a significant relationship between experiencing a severe mental illness, particularly psychosis, and exhibiting violent or offending behaviour. Reducing, if not preventing, the risks of violence among patients of mental health services is clinically warranted, but models to address this are limited.Methods: We provide a rationale for, and service description of, a pilot forensic satellite clinic embedded within an early intervention service for patients with emerging psychosis, mood disorder and/or personality disorders. The core elements of the programme and its implementation are described, and demographic, clinical and risk data are presented for the patients assessed during the clinic's pilot phase.Results: A total of 54 patients were referred, 45 of whom were subsequently assessed via primary or secondary consultation. The majority of patients were male, with psychosis (40%) or major depressive disorder (31%) as the most common diagnoses. Illicit substance use in the sample was common, as was previous aggression (81%) and prior criminal offences (51%). Most referrals related to assessing and managing violent behaviour (64%) and violent/homicidal ideation (38%). On the basis of the risk assessments, 71% of patients were rated as medium to high risk of offending.Conclusion: Assessing and managing risks of violent offending among young patients are both clinically indicated for a proportion of patients and feasible via a forensic outreach model. Given the proliferation of early psychosis services worldwide, the issue of managing, and ideally preventing, patient risk of violence will almost certainly have wide application. However, a comprehensive evaluation of this model is required to ultimately determine the effectiveness of this approach for improving patient outcomes.
Clinical and Translational Research and Community Engagement: Implications for Researcher Capacity Building
Authors: Martinez Linda Sprague , Russell Beverley , Rubin Carolyn Leung , Leslie Laurel K. , Brugge Doug 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis research sought to better understand how clinical and translational research is defined and perceived by community service providers. In addition, the research sought to elicit how the perspectives of service providers may hinder or facilitate collaborative research efforts. The study employed a qualitative methodology, focus groups. A nonprobability sampling strategy was used to recruit participants from three neighborhoods in the Tufts University’s catchment area. Focus group findings add to the nascent body of literature on how community partners view clinical and translational research and researchers. Findings indicate that cultural disconnects, between researchers and community partners exist, as does mistrust, all of which serve as potential barriers to community research partnerships. This paper suggests rethinking the business of community engagement in researcher, particularly as it relates to building research capacity to approach, engage, and partner with communities. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 329–332
Impedance of Novel Therapeutic Technologies: The Case of Stem Cells
Authors: Zacharias David G. , Nelson Timothy J. , Mueller Paul S. , Hook C. Christopher 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEmbryonic stem cell (ES) technology has advanced considerably within the past three decades and has gained prominent distinction within the emerging field of regenerative medicine. As it now enters the nascent stages of clinical application, many hopes and expectations arise along with questions as to where the technology will go. This paper evaluates the technical and practical obstacles that must be overcome before it can fully translate into the clinical context, the existence of strong opposition to the technology, political and legal barriers that have impeded its progression, and the role of healthcare reform in creating new social and economic priorities. In contrast to the technological imperative, a driving force seeking to implement the most recent scientific advances into medical practice, we refer to such translational obstacles as “technological impedance.” Rather than expending inordinate effort to preserve existing systems that continue to possess major hurdles, we advocate fostering interdisciplinary approaches in the development of new generation platforms and embracing disruptive innovations that create solutions to technological impedance and move us forward in healthcare delivery. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 422–427
Effect of lifestyle on the risk of gestational diabetes and obstetric outcomes in immigrant Hispanic women living in Spain
Authors: Pérez‐Ferre Natalia , Fernández Dolores , Torrejón Maria J. , Del Prado Nayade , Runkle Isabelle , Rubio Miguel A. , Montañez Carmen , Bordiu Elena , Calle‐Pascual Alfonso 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:  Data about the immigrant population living in Spain, their lifestyle habits, and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe risk factors for the onset of GDM, the evolution of gestation and delivery, and newborns of Hispanic women living in Spain compared with those of Spanish women.Methods:  A semiquantitative questionnaire regarding lifestyle habits was administered to 459 pregnant women (115 Hispanic) with a positive O’Sullivan test (24–28 weeks gestation) between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2008. Information was collected regarding gestation, delivery, and the newborn.Results:  The prevalence of GDM increased with mother’s age, pregestational overweight/obesity, and multiparity. In addition, GDM was associated with lower pregestational fiber and a lower intake of low glycaemic index foods in Hispanic women. The odds ratios (OR) for the total population were 2.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–5.01) for overweight, 3.68 (95% CI 1.72–7.90) for obesity, 3.83 (95% 2.03–7.23) for age ≥35 years, and 1.64 (95% CI 1.02–3.01) for multiparity. Newborns from the Hispanic population were significantly heavier than newborns from Spanish women and the rate of Caesarean delivery was significantly higher in the Hispanic population with GDM compared with those without GDM.Conclusions:  The immigrant Hispanic population living in Spain trends to acquire the same risk factors associated with lifestyle to the indigenous population. Preventive strategies must stress increased physical activity and fiber intake, decreased intake of sweetened beverages, and an effective reduction in body weight before pregnancy.
Iptakalim Enhances Adult Mouse Hippocampal Neurogenesis Via Opening Kir6.1‐Composed K‐ATP Channels Expressed in Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Jing‐Zhe , Huang Xu , Zhao Fang‐Fang , Xu Qiang , Hu Gang 
Published: June 2012

SummaryBackground and PurposeEmerging evidence indicates that stimulating adult neurogenesis provides novel strategies for central nervous system diseases. Iptakalim (Ipt), a novel ATP‐sensitive potassium (K‐ATP) channel opener, has been demonstrated to play multipotential neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro. However, it remains unknown whether Ipt could regulate the adult neurogenesis.Methods and ResultsBased on the finding that adult neural stem cells (ANSCs) in hippocampus expressed Kir6.1/SUR1‐composed K‐ATP channel, Kir6.1 heterozygotic (Kir6.1+/−) mice were used to investigate whether and how Ipt regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We showed that administration of Ipt (10 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (Flx, 10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks significantly increased newborn ANSCs in subgranular zone (SGZ) of Kir6.1+/+ mice but failed to affect those of Kir6.1+/− mice. Meanwhile, ANSCs in Kir6.1+/− mice exhibited decreased survival rate and impaired ability of differentiation into astrocytes. We further found that Kir6.1+/− mice showed lower level of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus compared with Kir6.1+/+ mice. Furthermore, Ipt increased the levels of BDNF and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) throughout the hippocampus in Kir6.1+/+ mice but not in Kir6.1+/− mice. Moreover, Ipt and Flx enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt and CREB in the hippocampus of Kir6.1+/+ mice. Notably, these effects were completely abolished in Kir6.1+/− mice.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that Ipt stimulates the adult hippocampal neurogenesis via activation of Akt and CREB signal following the opening of Kir6.1‐composed K‐ATP channels, which gives us an insight into the therapeutic implication of Ipt in the diseases with adult neurogenesis deficiency, such as major depression.
Combination of acyclic retinoid with branched‐chain amino acids inhibits xenograft growth of human hepatoma cells in nude mice
Authors: Shimizu Masahito , Shirakami Yohei , Sakai Hiroyasu , Iwasa Junpei , Shiraki Makoto , Takai Koji , Naiki Takafumi , Moriwaki Hisataka 
Published: June 2012

Aim:  Combination chemoprevention is a promising strategy to improve the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A malfunction of retinoid X receptor‐α (RXR‐α) due to phosphorylation by Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase is closely associated with liver carcinogenesis and acyclic retinoid (ACR) can prevent HCC development by inhibiting RXR‐α phosphorylation. The present study examined the possible combined effects of ACR plus branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA), which can also prevent the development of HCC in obese patients with liver cirrhosis, in human HCC xenografts in nude mice.Methods:  This study examined the effects of the combination of ACR plus BCAA on the growth of Huh7 human HCC xenografts in nude mice. The effects of the combination on the phosphorylation of RXR‐α, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), Akt and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) proteins, and on the expression levels of retinoic acid receptor‐β (RAR‐β) and p21CIP1 mRNA, were also examined by western blot and real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses, respectively.Results:  The combined treatment with ACR plus BCAA significantly inhibited the growth of Huh7 xenografts. The combination of these agents caused a marked inhibition of the phosphorylation of RXR‐α, ERK, Akt and IGF‐1R proteins in the xenografts. In addition, the expression levels of RAR‐β and p21CIP1 mRNA significantly increased by these agents.Conclusion:  The combination of ACR and BCAA restores the function of RXR‐α by inhibiting its phosphorylation and increasing the level of RAR‐β, a heterodimeric partner for RXR‐α, and thus suppresses the growth of HCC xenografts. Therefore, this combination might be an effective regimen for the treatment and, probably, chemoprevention of HCC.
Inducer of heme oxygenase‐1 cobalt protoporphyrin accelerates autophagy and suppresses oxidative damages during lipopolysaccharide treatment in rat liver
Authors: Unuma Kana , Aki Toshihiko , Matsuda Seiji , Funakoshi Takeshi , Yoshida Ken‐ichi , Uemura Koichi 
Published: June 2012

Aim:  Mitochondrial damage and subsequent oxidative stresses play important roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis‐induced organ failure. Recently, autophagy, the major degradation pathway involved in mitochondrial quality control, was reported as a cellular adaptive response to oxidative stresses. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism that underlies hepatic damage during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. We also try to determine if the damage can be attenuated by administration of cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), a potent heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) inducer.Methods:  Five‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were injected i.p. with 15 mg/kg LPS. To determine if hepatic damage following LPS administration can be attenuated by HO‐1, CoPP was injected s.c. for 4 days consecutively at 24‐h intervals. After treatment with LPS, the liver was obtained and analyzed.Results:  A large reduction in liver mitochondrial protein and induction of autophagy were observed in LPS‐treated rats. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated autophagic vacuoles in LPS‐treated rat liver. Oxidative stress markers (4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine) were increased in LPS‐treated animals; CoPP treatment ablated these alterations. An inhibitor for the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, cyclosporine A, suppressed oxidative stress as well as liver damage during LPS administration. CoPP promoted autophagy and prevented rats from liver damage during LPS administration.Conclusion:  HO‐1 promotes autophagy and elimination of damaged mitochondria thereby repressing oxidative stress in LPS‐treated rat liver, revealing a novel mechanism for protection by HO‐1 against septic liver damage.
Advances in multiplex PCR: balancing primer efficiencies and improving detection success
Authors: Sint Daniela , Raso Lorna , Traugott Michael 
Published: June 2012

Summary1. Multiplex PCR is a valuable tool in many biological studies but it is a multifaceted procedure that has to be planned and optimised thoroughly to achieve robust and meaningful results. In particular, primer concentrations have to be adjusted to assure an even amplification of all targeted DNA fragments. Until now, total DNA extracts were used for balancing primer efficiencies; however, the applicability for comparisons between taxa or different multiple‐copy genes was limited owing to the unknown number of template molecules present per total DNA.2. Based on a multiplex system developed to track trophic interactions in high Alpine arthropods, we demonstrate a fast and easy way of generating standardised DNA templates. These were then used to balance the amplification success for the different targets and to subsequently determine the sensitivity of each primer pair in the multiplex PCR.3. In the current multiplex assay, this approach led to an even amplification success for all seven targeted DNA fragments. Using this balanced multiplex PCR, methodological bias owing to variation in primer efficiency will be avoided when analysing field‐derived samples.4. The approach outlined here allows comparing multiplex PCR sensitivity, independent of the investigated species, genome size or the targeted genes. The application of standardised DNA templates not only makes it possible to optimise primer efficiency within a given multiplex PCR, but it also offers to adjust and/or to compare the sensitivity between different assays. Along with other factors that influence the success of multiplex reactions, and which we discuss here in relation to the presented detection system, the adoption of this approach will allow for direct comparison of multiplex PCR data between systems and studies, enhancing the utility of this assay type.
Development and Characterization of an Infectious cDNA Clone of the Modified Live Virus Vaccine Strain of Equine Arteritis Virus
Authors: Zhang Jianqiang , Go Yun Young , Huang Chengjin M. , Meade Barry J. , Lu Zhengchun , Snijder Eric J. , Timoney Peter J. , Balasuriya Udeni B. R. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTA stable full-length cDNA clone of the modified live virus (MLV) vaccine strain of equine arteritis virus (EAV) was developed. RNA transcripts generated from this plasmid (pEAVrMLV) were infectious upon transfection into mammalian cells, and the resultant recombinant virus (rMLV) had 100% nucleotide identity to the parental MLV vaccine strain of EAV. A single silent nucleotide substitution was introduced into the nucleocapsid gene (pEAVrMLVB), enabling the cloned vaccine virus (rMLVB) to be distinguished from parental MLV vaccine as well as other field and laboratory strains of EAV by using an allelic discrimination real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay.In vitrostudies revealed that the cloned vaccine virus rMLVB and the parental MLV vaccine virus had identical growth kinetics and plaque morphologies in equine endothelial cells.In vivostudies confirmed that the cloned vaccine virus was very safe and induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies against EAV in experimentally immunized horses. When challenged with the heterologous EAV KY84 strain, the rMLVB vaccine virus protected immunized horses in regard to reducing the magnitude and duration of viremia and virus shedding but did not suppress the development of signs of EVA, although these were reduced in clinical severity. The vaccine clone pEAVrMLVB could be further manipulated to improve the vaccine efficacy as well as to develop a marker vaccine for serological differentiation of EAV naturally infected from vaccinated animals.
Development and Characterization of a Multiplex Bead-Based Immunoassay To Quantify Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide-Specific Antibodies
Authors: Klein David L. , Martinez Joseph E. , Hickey Michael H. , Hassouna F. , Zaman K. , Steinhoff Mark 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the traditional antibody quantification technique, has several limitations, especially when used to evaluate multivalent and/or infant vaccines. We have developed a multiplex bead-based antibody quantification assay (MBIA) to measure antibody response to multiple pneumococcal (Pn) serotypes (St) in a single assay. MBIA was compared with the WHO ELISA using a WHO panel of 12 international calibration sera for 7 Pn Sts. An agreement of 75 to 92% was obtained for all 7 Sts. MBIA exhibited good robustness, with the assay variability at ≤16%. A major contributor to MBIA variability was the cell wall polysaccharide (CWPs) content in Pn St-specific capsular Ps. This necessitated careful CWPs (20 μg/ml) preadsorption of sera. MBIA is specific, robust, and reproducible and offers high throughput. The use of MBIA will greatly reduce the cost and time required to evaluate the immune response to multiple Pn Sts and could help promote the licensure of future Pn and other multivalent vaccines.