bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gross motor development in children adopted from orphanage settings
Authors: ROEBER BARBARA J , TOBER CHRISTA L , BOLT DANIEL M , POLLAK SETH D 
Published: March 2012

Aim  This study sought to examine the effect of environmental enrichment on the motor skills of children adopted from orphanage settings. We investigated balance and bilateral coordination skills in 33 internationally adopted postinstitutionalized children (16 males, 17 females; age range 8y 5mo–15y 10mo; mean age 10y 9mo; SD 2y 2mo) and compared them with 34 non‐institutionalized children (21 males, 13 females; age range 8y 3mo–14y 10mo; mean age 11y 2mo; SD 2y 1mo) being raised in their birth families.Method  The children were individually administered the balance and bilateral coordination subtests of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency in a research laboratory. Parents completed questionnaires about developmental history, family environment, and orphanage care.Results  Postinstitutionalized children showed motor system delays compared with the non‐institutionalized comparison children (postinstitutionalized balance mean 9.44, SD 5.92, comparison children balance mean 14.12, SD 4.39; postinstitutionalized bilateral coordination mean 11.97, SD 5.43, comparison children mean 19.97, SD 3.97). The length of time that children remained institutionalized before adoption predicted balance delays (b=−1.57, t=−2.33, p=0.027) and the severity of caregiving deprivation the children experienced correlated with bilateral coordination (r=−0.44, p=0.013).Interpretation  These findings suggest that institutionalized settings do not provide the early life experiences needed for the development of age‐level motor skills later in childhood and that simple environmental enrichment following adoption is not enough to remediate skills. Children who have experienced early institutional care may benefit from early identification and targeted intervention.
Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping for Ethanol Teratogenesis in BXD Recombinant Inbred Mice
Authors: Downing Chris , Balderrama‐Durbin Christina , Kimball Alexi , Biers Jami , Wright Hali , Gilliam David , Johnson Thomas E. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundIndividual differences in susceptibility to the detrimental effects of prenatal ethanol (EtOH) exposure have been demonstrated. Many factors, including genetics, play a role in susceptibility and resistance. We have previously shown that C57BL/6J (B6) mice display a number of morphological malformations following an acute dose of EtOH in utero, while DBA/2J (D2) mice are relatively resistant. Here, we present the results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for EtOH teratogenesis in recombinant inbred strains derived from a cross between B6 and D2 (BXD RIs).MethodsPregnant dams were intubated with either maltose‐dextrin or 5.8 g/kg EtOH on day 9 of gestation (GD9). On GD 18, dams were sacrificed and fetuses and placentae were removed. Placentae and fetuses were weighed; fetuses were sexed and examined for gross morphological malformations. Fetuses were then either placed in Bouin's fixative for subsequent soft‐tissue analyses or eviscerated and placed in EtOH for subsequent skeletal examinations. QTL mapping for maternal weight gain (MWG), prenatal mortality, fetal weight (FW) at c‐section, placental weight (PW), and several morphological malformations was performed using WebQTL.ResultsHeritability for our traits ranged from 0.06 for PW to 0.39 for MWG. We found suggestive QTLs mediating all phenotypes and significant QTLs for FW and digit and rib malformations. While most QTL regions are large, several intriguing candidate genes emerged based on polymorphisms between B6 and D2 and gene function.ConclusionsIn this first mapping study for EtOH teratogenesis, several QTLs were identified. Future studies will further characterize these regions. Identification of genes and epigenetic modifications mediating susceptibility to the teratogenic effects of alcohol in mice will provide targets to examine in human populations.
A Dynamic Analysis of the Demand for Life Insurance
Authors: Liebenberg Andre P. , Carson James M. , Dumm Randy E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPrior research suggests that neither the choice to own life insurance nor the amount purchased is consistently related to the presence of children in the household. While these perplexing findings are based on a static framework, we alternatively examine life insurance demand in a dynamic framework as a function of changes in household life cycle and financial condition. Our results indicate both a statistically and economically significant relation between life events, such as new parenthood, and the demand for life insurance. We also provide new evidence in support of the emergency fund hypothesis: households in which either spouse has become unemployed are more likely than other households to surrender their whole life insurance.
Understanding Delinquency with Friendship Group Religious Context*
Authors: Adamczyk Amy 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveWhile much research has examined the link between personal religious beliefs and practices and delinquency, little research attention has been given to the influence of friends’ religious beliefs for explaining teen delinquency. This study fills this gap in the literature by examining the role of individual and friends’ religious beliefs and born‐again identity for shaping delinquency.MethodsTwo waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and measures taken from individuals and their friends are used to examine the influence of individual and friends’ religiosity and born‐again identity for violent and property offending.ResultsFriends’ private religiosity appears to strengthen the inverse relationship between individual private religiosity and stealing. Neither individual nor friends’ religiosity nor born‐again identity has any effect on violent offending.ConclusionsWhereas friends’ delinquency has a consistently positive association with respondent delinquency, friends’ religiosity plays a supporting role, heightening the deterring influence of personal religiosity for stealing and shoplifting.
Where Do Parties Live? Electoral Institutions, Party Incentives, and the Dimensionality of Politics
Authors: Singh Shane P. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesThis study examines how electoral systems shape the underlying dimensionality of political discourse by incentivizing certain strategies among parties.MethodsCross‐sectional linear regression is used to examine how electoral systems affect dimensionality. The study provides an original measure of dimensionality derived from an empirical estimation of a spatial model of voter preferences over political parties. Data are from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems.ResultsThe analysis indicates that electoral institutions strongly affect a nation's dimensionality, especially in socioethnically homogenous countries. Less proportional electoral systems engender a unidimensional political space. Results are robust across several model specifications.ConclusionsIndividuals and the media conceptualize government and ideology in dimensional terms. Moreover, much academic work assumes certain dimensional constructs. By testing theoretical predictions about electoral systems and political dimensionality, this study provides an empirical basis for such assumptions.
Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions with Drug‐Eluting Stents: Insights from the First Phase of the Prospective Multicenter German Drug‐Eluting Stent Registry
Authors: ABDEL‐WAHAB MOHAMED , NIENABER CHRISTOPH A. , MOSTAFA AHMAD E. , FERENC MIROSLAW , SILBER SIGMUND , SABIN GEORG , TEBBE ULRICH , AKIN IBRAHIM , HOCHADEL MATTHIAS , SENGES JOCHEN , KUCK KARL‐HEINZ , RICHARDT GERT ,   on behalf of the German Drug‐Eluting Stent (DES.DE) Registry
Published: March 2012

Background:

Controversy exists about the impact of treating bifurcations on overall outcome of coronary interventions using drug‐eluting stents (DES). We sought to investigate 1‐year outcome of the treatment of bifurcation lesions using DES in a large “real‐world” cohort.
Methods and Results:

Among 5,126 patients enrolled in phase I of the multicenter German Drug‐Eluting Stent Registry, 814 (16%) were treated for a bifurcation lesion. Patients with bifurcations were compared to those without bifurcations in terms of baseline characteristics, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and target vessel revascularization (TVR) at 1 year. Usage of sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) versus paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES) was also evaluated. In total, 1,021 and 5,189 stents were implanted in the bifurcation (1.25 stents/patient) and nonbifurcation (1.2 stents/patient) group, respectively, but 64.5% of bifurcation lesions were treated with a single stent. More complex lesion and procedural characteristics were observed in the bifurcation group. However, there was no difference in 1‐year MACCE rates (a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) between the bifurcation group and nonbifurcation group (8.1% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.85). Rates of TVR (11.2% vs. 10.8%, P = 0.75) and Academic Research Consoritum‐defined definite stent thrombosis (0.9% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.67) were also comparable. MACCE and TVR rates remained similar after adjustment for differences in baseline characteristics. MACCE and TVR in SES patients were 7.2% and 12.6% versus 8.7% and 10.2% in PES patients (P = 0.46 and P = 0.30, respectively).
Conclusion:

In this large multicenter registry, treatment of bifurcation lesions with DES appears effective and safe. The presence of bifurcations did not affect 1‐year outcomes after DES implantation. The outcomes for SES and PES were similar. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:344–352)
Sampling and interpretation of psyllid nymph counts in potatoes
Authors: Martini Xavier , Seibert Shawn , Prager Sean M. , Nansen Christian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDevelopment of effective management practices for insect pests relies heavily on sampling methods to accurately detect and quantify emerging populations. Herein we describe a novel method to extract and count nymphs of potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), from leaves in commercial fields of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae). The proposed sampling method (referred to as the leaf washing method, LWM) consists of: (1) immersing samples of infested leaves in cold water to remove dust and sand; (2) immersing leaves in >85 °C water for 5 s; (3) extracting psyllid nymphs from heated water by passing it through a sampling unit composed of a funnel with a fine mesh‐organza fabric inside and attached to a vacuum pump; and (4) removing organza fabric and count psyllid nymphs under a stereoscope. With five sampling units operating simultaneously, one person is able to process and count immatures from about 400 leaf samples in two normal work days. As examples of applications, the LWM was used to characterize: (1) the vertical distribution of potato psyllid nymphs in the potato canopy; and (2) the spatio‐temporal distribution of potato psyllid nymphs in three potato varieties. Using LWM, we showed that psyllid nymphs were most predominant in the middle portion of the canopy and that spatio‐temporal distributions of nymphs varied among potato varieties.
Cleaning potential of glycine air‐flow application in an in vitro peri‐implantitis model
Authors: Sahrmann Philipp , Ronay Valerie , Sener Beatrice , Jung Ronald E. , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the accessibility of a glycine powder blasting device to implant surfaces in models imitating different peri‐implantitis defects. The null hypothesis was that the device allows for complete surface decontamination in all defect types.Materials and methodsEighteen implants were dip‐coated and placed in resin blocks with different defect morphologies. Vertical bone angulations of 90°, 60°, 30° and 15° were chosen and the implants were treated for 10 s using an air‐flow device employing glycine powder. Once removed, photographs from the implants were taken in three directions: perpendicularly (90°) to the implant axis and with an angulation of 60° and 120°, the latter ones to assess the coronal and apical thread areas. The area with residual color represented areas, which were not accessible to the powder. This area was planimetrically assessed. Medians and inter‐quartile ranges (IQR) of the percentage of uncleaned surfaces were calculated and nonparametric paired and unpaired statistical analyses were performed.ResultsThe median percentages (IQR in brackets) of uncleaned areas in the 90°, 60°, 30° and 15° defects were of 3%A (6), 8%A(4), 24%B (8), and 51%C (13), respectively (different superscript capital letters represent statistically significant differences; P < 0.0001). The upper aspects of the threads (coronal faces) were significantly better cleaned than the lower ones (P < 0.001). This finding was more pronounced in narrower defects.ConclusionAlthough a complete surface decontamination could not be performed in any of the defects, the biggest part of the surface could be cleaned in the larger defects. Especially in narrow defects and under the threads, residually stained areas remain on the implant surfaces.
Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of folliculitis decalvans
Authors: Castaño‐Suárez Esther , Romero‐Maté Alberto , Arias‐Palomo Dolores , Borbujo Jesús 
Published: March 2012

SummaryFolliculitis decalvans is a chronic form of deep folliculitis that occurs on the scalp as patches of scarring alopecia at the expanding margins of which are follicular pustules. Treatment of folliculitis decalvans is extremely difficult with a resultant poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy has been reported to be effective in disorders as acne or folliculitis. We report one patient with folliculitis decalvans who was successfully treated with photodynamic therapy.
A comparative study on efficacy of UVA1 vs. narrow‐band UVB phototherapy in the treatment of vitiligo
Authors: El‐Zawahry Bakr Mohamed , Bassiouny Dalia Ahmed , Sobhi Rehab Mohamed , Abdel‐Aziz Eman , Zaki Naglaa Sameh , Habib Dawoud Fakhry , Shahin Dalia Mamdouh 
Published: March 2012

SummaryBackground/PurposeNarrow‐band ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) is considered the most effective and safe initial treatment for moderate‐to‐severe vitiligo but phototoxicity and possible carcinogenicity are the reported side effects. Ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) phototherapy has overlapping biological effects to NB‐UVB and is relatively free of side effects associated with other phototherapy regimens.MethodsForty patients with vitiligo were included in this prospective, randomized controlled comparative clinical trial. Twenty patients received NB‐UVB and 20 received UVA1 three times weekly for 12 weeks. The UVA1 group was divided into two subgroups. Ten patients received moderate and 10 received low dose of UVA1. Serum samples were collected before and after 36 sessions to assess soluble interleukin 2 receptor level. Patients were clinically evaluated before therapy then monthly according to Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) and Vitiligo European Task Force (VETF) scores. In addition, extent of response was determined by a blinded dermatologist comparing before and after therapy photographs. Pattern of response and side effects were recorded.ResultsNB‐UVB was superior to UVA1 with a significant difference in blinded dermatological assessment (P < 0.001), percentage change in VASI score (P < 0.001) and percentage change in VETF area score (P = 0.001). No significant difference in side effects was observed between both groups. Comparing UVA1 subgroups, better response in moderate‐dose group was found as regard to percentage change in VASI (P < 0.001) and percentage change in VETF area score (P = 0.001), while no significant difference was found in blinded dermatological assessment (P = 0.121).ConclusionNB‐UVB phototherapy remains to be an effective and safe therapeutic option in vitiligo. Response to UVA1 in vitiligo seems to be dose dependent and seems to be of limited value in treatment of vitiligo as a monotherapy. Further studies combining it with other lines of therapy such as systemic steroids may prove beneficial.
Treatment of oral lichen planus with methylene blue mediated photodynamic therapy – a clinical study
Authors: Sadaksharam Jayachandran , Nayaki K. P. Thanigai , Panneer Selvam Niranzena 
Published: March 2012

SummaryBackground/PurposeOral lichen planus is an autoimmune disorder that has posed a challenge in spite of the several treatment modalities available. Here, we have proposed yet another treatment modality, photodynamic therapy, for this condition. The aim of the study was to treat patients having symptomatic oral lichen planus with photodynamic therapy with methylene blue as photosensitizer.MethodsTwenty patients with symptomatic oral lichen planus were included in the study. They were treated with 5% methylene blue mediated photodynamic therapy (light source: Xenon arc lamp, wavelength: 630 ± 5 nm, total dose: 120 J/cm2 per sitting) in four sessions (1st, 4th, 7th and 15th day). Follow‐up was done on second and fourth week after the therapy.ResultsThere was significant improvement in signs and symptoms of the lesion at first and second follow‐up visits (P‐value < 0.001).ConclusionThere was satisfactory reduction in signs and symptoms of oral lichen planus without any side effects. Thus, methylene blue mediated photodynamic therapy seems to be a promising alternative for the control of oral lichen planus.
Relationships among steroid hormone levels in newborn piglets, birth weight, placental weight, vitality of offspring and litter size
Authors: OHTAKI Tadatoshi , MORIYOSHI Masaharu , NAKADA Ken , NAKAO Toshihiko , SAWAMUKAI Yutaka 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTBlood estrone sulfate (E1S), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in newborn piglets were measured to clarify the relationships among birth and placental weight, vitality of offspring and litter size. First, the association between vital status (normal, weak and stillborn) from 165 newborn piglets of 18 litters and steroid concentrations; second, steroid concentrations from 152 newborn normal piglets and litter size; and third, steroid content in fetal placenta from 50 newborn normal piglets of six litters and litter size, were investigated. In the normal group, the birth and placental weight were significantly higher than those in the other groups. Blood E1S levels in the stillborn group were significantly lower, whereas E1, E2 and P4 were significantly higher compared to the normal group. Blood and placental E1S levels in the small litter group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. However, there was no significant difference among the three litter size groups in the levels of steroid hormones in maternal blood. These results indicate that vitality of newborn piglets is related to E1S concentration of neonate, to birth weight and placental weight. However, steroid hormone concentrations of newborn piglets were greatly affected by the number of littermates.
Cryopreservation of immature buffalo oocytes: Effects of cytochalasin B pretreatment on the efficiency of cryotop and solid surface vitrification methods
Authors: LIANG Yuanyuan , RAKWONGRIT Damrongrak , PHERMTHAI Tatsanee , SOMFAI Tamas , NAGAI Takashi , PARNPAI Rangsun 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to compare the efficiency of the solid surface (SSV), cryotop (CT) vitrification methods and cytochalasin B (CB) pretreatment for cryopreservation of immature buffalo oocytes. Cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were placed for 1 min in TCM199 containing 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 10% ethylene glycol (EG), and 20% fetal bovine serum, and then transferred for 30 s to base medium containing 20% DMSO, 20% EG and 0.5 mol/L sucrose. CB pretreated ((+)CB) or non‐pretreated ((−)CB) COCs were vitrified either by SSV or CT. Surviving vitrified COCs were selected for in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). The rate of viable oocytes after vitrification in CT groups (82%) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in a fresh control group (100%), but significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in SSV groups (71–72%). Among vitrified groups, the highest maturation rate was obtained in the CT (−)CB group (32%). After IVF, the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were similar among vitrified groups but significantly lower than those of the control group. In conclusion, a higher survival rate of oocytes after vitrification and IVM was obtained in the CT group compared with that in the SSV group, indicating the superiority of the CT method. Pretreatment with CB did not increase the viability, maturation or embryo development of vitrified oocytes.
Imagining a National Church: Election and Education in the Works of Anne Cooke Bacon
Authors: Magnusson Lynne 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis essay is one of a Literature Compass conference cluster based on a panel presented at the Renaissance Society of America convention 2010. The essays by Danielle Clarke, Johanna Harris, Lynne Magnusson and Elizabeth Scott‐Baumann will appear in longer form in The Intellectual Culture of Puritan Women, 1558–1680, ed. Johanna Harris and Elizabeth Scott‐Baumann (Palgrave, forthcoming 2010). In this paper, Magnusson argues that over 50 years and three reigns, Anne Bacon put her education to use to advance ‘right reformation’ in England. This paper explores the consistent humanist basis of her contribution towards the erection of a national church, especially during the period of her widowhood when she actively supports the losing presbyterian cause. It considers the afterlife in the 1580s and 1590s of her 1564 translation of the Apologie…of the Churche of Englande, showing how the bishops cited her words to support positions radically divided from her own views. Arguing against the widespread perception that her patronage of radical preachers in the 1580s and 1590s marked a descent into zealotry and a falling away from humanist ideals, Magnusson reads her 1585 epistle to Lord Burghley calling for a fair hearing of the radical puritan cause as a humanist’s civic speech act and active intervention into the contentious religious politics of the time. Throughout her life, the combined ideals of civic humanism and Calvinist election shaped an energizing sense both of a significant personal vocation and of an effectual imagined community in which she and all the faithful could be fully contributing members. That is, humanism and protestantism opened up the prospect of a reformed church and social order, a reformed English nation, with imagined roles and relationships that motivated her action and shaped her identity. Bacon might be regarded as an exemplary officer of a church never fully erected, an exemplary citizen of a state that never came fully into being.
Lady Brilliana Harley’s Letters and Puritan Intellectual Culture
Authors: Harris Johanna 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe letters of Brilliana Harley (c. 1600–1643) witness to the intellectual consistency of early modern English puritanism. However, the insight these letters give to Harley’s intellectualism has not been systematically explored, nor has the concept of epistolary community been recognised for its centrality to early modern puritanism. Harley’s letters reflect her classical and Christian humanist education fuelled by a radical Protestant heritage, her political acuity and discussion of ecclesiastical disputes, and the breadth of her literary influences. Harley’s letter writing enables us to examine her intellectual formation and to observe the centrality of the genre itself to the practical and pastoral needs of the early Stuart puritan community. It embodies the literal unification of a self‐identifying community and acts as a factional means of negotiating doctrinal orthodoxy within it.