bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of red mud as a catalyst in the thermocatalytic reforming process
Authors: Onyishi Hillary O. , Neidel Johannes , Daschner Robert , Apfelbacher Andreas , Hornung Andreas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work studies red mud, a residue from the processing of bauxite, as a support catalyst in the thermocatalytic reforming (TCR) process, using wood, digestate, and straw as case studies. Thermocatalytic reforming is a thermochemical process for the conversion of biomass into biofuels, combining intermediate pyrolysis and catalytic reforming and resulting in high‐quality biofuels. The quantity and quality of the catalyst in the postreformer is vital as it influences the reactions taking place in it. Normally, nonreactive components of the char produced in the process act as the catalyst in the postreformer but adding a support catalyst may improve the products. In this work, red mud is introduced in the process by mixing it with the feedstock in a ratio of 1:3. The results, in comparison with normal TCR experiments on the same feedstock materials, show that the introduction of red mud into the process generally reduces the biochar yield and generally increases the biogas and product water yields, and the bio‐oil yield remains constant. Its introduction also increases the hydrogen fraction of the gas and tends to reduce the nitrogen and sulfur content of the products, thus improving their quality. These observations are consistent across feedstock materials and postreformer temperatures. The results therefore suggest that red mud is a good support catalyst for increasing the gas yield, increasing the hydrogen fraction of the gas, and improving the quality of the products from the TCR process.
A global update on the status of prevention of folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly in year 2022
Authors: Wagh Kaustubh , Kancherla Vijaya , Dorsey Amanda , Pachón Helena , Oakley Godfrey P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMandatory fortification of staple foods with folic acid is an effective public health strategy to prevent folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly (FAP SBA). We estimated the global proportion of FAP SBA prevented through mandatory folic acid fortification of cereal grains (i.e., wheat flour, maize flour, and rice).MethodsWe used year 2022 data from the Food Fortification Initiative to identify countries (n = 69) with mandatory fortification of grains that includes folic acid. Sixty‐eight countries were eligible for analysis with complete data. Proportion of FAP SBA prevention was modeled assuming >150 mcg/day of folic acid fortification protects against FAP SBA, reducing post‐fortification prevalence to a lowest achievable level of 0.5 cases per 1000 births.ResultsOur analysis found that a total of 63,520 cases of FAP SBA were prevented in the year 2022 in 68 countries implementing mandatory folic acid fortification of grains with folic acid. This translated to a 23.7% prevention of all possible FAP SBA prevention globally. An excess of 204,430 cases of FAPSBA still occurred in over 100 countries where mandatory staple food fortification with folic acid is not implemented.ConclusionOur study showed that only a quarter of all FAP SBA cases were averted through mandatory folic acid fortification in the year 2022; many countries are not implementing the policy, resulting in a large proportion of FAP SBA cases that can be prevented. Fortification will help countries with achieving 2030 Sustainable Development Goals on neonatal‐ and under‐five mortality, disability, stillbirths, and elective terminations prevention, from FAP SBA.
An unusual adverse effect during crusted scabies treatment
Authors: Saldarriaga Sara , Santacoloma Laura Jaramillo , Mejía Ana María 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageCrusted scabies is a severe form of scabies infestation caused by the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. Risk factors include immunosuppression, neuropathies, and psychiatric disorders. Its management poses important challenges due to its contagius nature. Here we present a case or Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis secondary to Ivermectin therapy in a patient with crusted scabies.
Numerical validation of Yukawa fluid excitations within the quasilocalized charge approximation (QLCA) theory
Authors: Kumar Prince , Sharma Devendra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA first principle molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study on the nonlinear excitations in a quasi‐localized state of a Yukawa system is presented to validate the findings of the nonlinear quasi‐localized charge approximation (QLCA) model. Unlike solids or gases, quasi‐localized states lack certain simplifying features, such as the ability to assume a fixed shape or volume, and they combine large displacements with strong interactions, further complicating the theoretical underpinnings of their behavior. In a recent paper [P. Kumar and D. Sharma, Physics of Plasmas 30 (2023)], the nonlinear QLCA model was applied to characterize the nonlinear excitations in a quasi‐localized state of a Yukawa system, as existing continuum models have shown limited success in this regime. The simulation data presented with the screening and coupling parameters show a close agreement with the QLCA model findings. The MD simulations validate the prediction made by the QLCA model that the properties of a soliton remain unaffected by variations in the coupling parameter. The prediction made by QLCA regarding the formation of multiple solitons at higher screening parameter values has also been confirmed by the MD simulation data. The possibility of the formation of rarefactive solitons at relatively high screening parameter values within the QLCA model is also discussed.
Electroconductive cardiac patch based on bioactive PEDOT:PSS hydrogels
Authors: Sauvage Erwan , Matta Justin , Dang Cat‐Thy , Fan Jiaxin , Cruzado Graziele , Cicoira Fabio , Merle Géraldine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEngineering cardiac implants for treating myocardial infarction (MI) has advanced, but challenges persist in mimicking the structural properties and variability of cardiac tissues using traditional bioconstructs and conventional engineering methods. This study introduces a synthetic patch with a bioactive surface designed to swiftly restore functionality to the damaged myocardium. The patch combines a composite, soft, and conductive hydrogel‐based on (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene‐sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This cardiac patch exhibits a reasonably high electrical conductivity (40 S/cm) and a stretchability up to 50% of its original length. Our findings reveal its resilience to 10% cyclic stretching at 1 Hz with no loss of conductivity over time. To mediate a strong cell–scaffold adhesion, we biofunctionalize the hydrogel with a N‐cadherin mimic peptide, providing the cardiac patch with a bioactive surface. This modification promote increased adherence and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFbs) while effectively mitigating the formation of bacterial biofilm, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogen responsible for surgical site infections (SSIs). Our study demonstrates the successful development of a structurally validated cardiac patch possessing the desired mechanical, electrical, and biofunctional attributes for effective cardiac recovery. Consequently, this research holds significant promise in alleviating the burden imposed by myocardial infarctions.
Velocity‐compensated intravoxel incoherent motion of the human calf muscle
Authors: Stuprich Christoph M. , Loh Martin , Nemerth Johannes T. , Nagel Armin M. , Uder Michael , Laun Frederik B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) describes the blood perfusion in muscles better, assuming pseudo diffusion (Bihan Model 1) or ballistic motion (Bihan Model 2).MethodsIVIM parameters were measured in 18 healthy subjects with three different diffusion gradient time profiles (bipolar with two diffusion times and one with velocity compensation) and 17 b‐values (0–600 s/mm2) at rest and after muscle activation. The diffusion coefficient, perfusion fraction, and pseudo‐diffusion coefficient were estimated with a segmented fit in the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles.ResultsVelocity‐compensated gradients resulted in a decreased perfusion fraction (6.9% ± 1.4% vs. 4.4% ± 1.3% in the GM after activation) and pseudo‐diffusion coefficient (0.069 ± 0.046 mm2/s vs. 0.014 ± 0.006 in the GM after activation) compared to the bipolar gradients with the longer diffusion encoding time. Increased diffusion coefficients, perfusion fractions, and pseudo‐diffusion coefficients were observed in the GM after activation for all gradient profiles. However, the increase was significantly smaller for the velocity‐compensated gradients. A diffusion time dependence was found for the pseudo‐diffusion coefficient in the activated muscle.ConclusionVelocity‐compensated diffusion gradients significantly suppress the IVIM effect in the calf muscle, indicating that the ballistic limit is mostly reached, which is supported by the time dependence of the pseudo‐diffusion coefficient.
Evaluation of salivary stress markers and inflammatory cytokine levels in peri-implantitis patients
Authors: Soysal Fatma , Unsal Berrin , Isler Sila Cagri , Akca Gulcin , Bakirarar Batuhan , Ozcan Mustafa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background and objective
Psychological stress has been identified in some observational studies as a potential factor that may modify and affect periodontal diseases, but there are no similar data for peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)α inflammatory cytokines and the psychological stress-related markers, glucocorticoid receptor-α (GRα), and salivary α-amylase (sAA) gene expression levels in saliva samples obtained from healthy implants and peri-implantitis patients.

Materials and methods
The study included a total of 50 systemically healthy subjects. Peri-implant clinical parameters were recorded and psychological stress level was evaluated with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) and state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) questionnaire forms. Following the evaluations, the patients were divided into 4 groups according their stress and clinical status (Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb). IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFNα, GRα, sAA gene expression levels in the saliva samples were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results
In the group of peri-implantitis who had a high score in stress level assessment scales, significantly higher IL-1β, IL-6, sAA expression levels were observed (p < 0.001). The IL-10 gene expression levels were lower in the groups with a high score in the stress level assessment scales (p < 0.001). GRα gene was expressed at lower levels in the group of peri-implantitis who had a high score in stress level assessment scales but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.065).

Conclusion
The study findings suggest that psychological stress may increase the inflammation associated with peri-implantitis by affecting cytokine expression levels.

Clinical relevance
To prevent peri-implantitis or reduce its prevalence, it could be beneficial to evaluate stress levels and identify individuals experiencing stress.
Harnessing sub-comb dynamics in a graphene-sensitized microresonator for gas detection
Authors: Liang Yupei , Liu Mingyu , Tang Fan , Guo Yanhong , Zhang Hao , Liu Shihan , Yang Yanping , Zhao Guangming , Tan Teng , Yao Baicheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince their inception, frequency combs generated in microresonators, known as microcombs, have sparked significant scientific interests. Among the various applications leveraging microcombs, soliton microcombs are often preferred due to their inherent mode-locking capability. However, this choice introduces additional system complexity because an initialization process is required. Meanwhile, despite the theoretical understanding of the dynamics of other comb states, their practical potential, particularly in applications like sensing where simplicity is valued, remains largely untapped. Here, we demonstrate controllable generation of sub-combs that bypasses the need for accessing bistable regime. And in a graphene-sensitized microresonator, the sub-comb heterodynes produce stable, accurate microwave signals for high-precision gas detection. By exploring the formation dynamics of sub-combs, we achieved 2 MHz harmonic comb-to-comb beat notes with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than 50 dB and phase noise as low as − 82 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The graphene sensitization on the intracavity probes results in exceptional frequency responsiveness to the adsorption of gas molecules on the graphene of microcavity surface, enabling detect limits down to the parts per billion (ppb) level. This synergy between graphene and sub-comb formation dynamics in a microcavity structure showcases the feasibility of utilizing microcombs in an incoherent state prior to soliton locking. It may mark a significant step toward the development of easy-to-operate, systemically simple, compact, and high-performance photonic sensors.
Graphical Abstract
Critical assessment of the lattice Boltzmann method for cavitation modelling based on single bubble dynamics
Authors: Xiong Xin , Teschner Tom-Robin , Moulitsas Irene , Józsa Tamás István 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is recognised as a popular technique for simulating cavitation bubble dynamics due to its simplicity. In the validation of LBM results, the Rayleigh-Plesset (R-P) equation is commonly employed. However, most studies to date have neglected the impact of simulation settings on the predictions. This article sets out to quantify the impact of LBM domain size and bubble size, and the initial conditions of the R-P equations on the predicted bubble dynamics. First, LBM results were validated against the classical benchmarks of Laplace’s law and Maxwell’s area construction. LBM results corresponding to these fundamental test cases were found to be in satisfactory agreement with theory and previous simulations. Secondly, a one-to-one comparison was considered between the predictions of the LBM and the R-P equation. The parameters of the two models were matched based on careful considerations. Findings revealed that a good overlap between the predictions is observable only under certain conditions. The warming-up period of the LBM simulations, small domain size, and small bubble radius were identified as key factors responsible for the measured differences. The authors hope that the results will promote good simulation practices for cavitation simulation including both single bubbles and bubble clusters.
Manganese‐Rich Sandstones as an Indicator of Ancient Oxic Lake Water Conditions in Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Gasda P. J. , Lanza N. L. , Meslin P.‐Y. , Lamm S. N. , Cousin A. , Anderson R. , Forni O. , Swanner E. , L’Haridon J. , Frydenvang J. , Thomas N. , Gwizd S. , Stein N. , Fischer W. W. , Hurowitz J. , Sumner D. , Rivera‐Hernández F. , Crossey L. , Ollila A. , Essunfeld A. , Newsom H. E. , Clark B. , Wiens R. C. , Gasnault O. , Clegg S. M. , Maurice S. , Delapp D. , Reyes‐Newell A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractManganese has been observed on Mars by the NASA Curiosity rover in a variety of contexts and is an important indicator of redox processes in hydrologic systems on Earth. Within the Murray formation, an ancient primarily fine‐grained lacustrine sedimentary deposit in Gale crater, Mars, have observed up to 45× enrichment in manganese and up to 1.5× enrichment in iron within coarser grained bedrock targets compared to the mean Murray sediment composition. This enrichment in manganese coincides with the transition between two stratigraphic units within the Murray: Sutton Island, interpreted as a lake margin environment, and Blunts Point, interpreted as a lake environment. On Earth, lacustrine environments are common locations of manganese precipitation due to highly oxidizing conditions in the lakes. Here, we explore three mechanisms for ferromanganese oxide precipitation at this location: authigenic precipitation from lake water along a lake shore, authigenic precipitation from reduced groundwater discharging through porous sands along a lake shore, and early diagenetic precipitation from groundwater through porous sands. All three scenarios require highly oxidizing conditions and we discuss oxidants that may be responsible for the oxidation and precipitation of manganese oxides. This work has important implications for the habitability of Mars to microbes that could have used Mn redox reactions, owing to its multiple redox states, as an energy source for metabolism.
Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism attenuates ROS generation and radiosensitivity through LDHA S-nitrosylation: novel insight into radiogenic lung injury
Authors: Feng Yang , Feng Yahui , Gu Liming , Mo Wei , Wang Xi , Song Bin , Hong Min , Geng Fenghao , Huang Pei , Yang Hongying , Zhu Wei , Jiao Yang , Zhang Qi , Ding Wei-Qun , Cao Jianping , Zhang Shuyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenotoxic therapy triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative tissue injury. S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible posttranslational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for NO synthesis. However, the mechanism by which BH4 affects protein S-nitrosylation and ROS generation has not been determined. Here, we showed that ionizing radiation disrupted the structural integrity of BH4 and downregulated GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 biosynthesis, resulting in deficiency in overall protein S-nitrosylation. GCH1-mediated BH4 synthesis significantly reduced radiation-induced ROS production and fueled the global protein S-nitrosylation that was disrupted by radiation. Likewise, GCH1 overexpression or the administration of exogenous BH4 protected against radiation-induced oxidative injury in vitro and in vivo. Conditional pulmonary Gch1 knockout in mice (Gch1fl/fl; Sftpa1-Cre+/− mice) aggravated lung injury following irradiation, whereas Gch1 knock-in mice (Gch1lsl/lsl; Sftpa1-Cre+/− mice) exhibited attenuated radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity. Mechanistically, lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) mediated ROS generation downstream of the BH4/NO axis, as determined by iodoacetyl tandem mass tag (iodoTMT)-based protein quantification. Notably, S-nitrosylation of LDHA at Cys163 and Cys293 was regulated by BH4 availability and could restrict ROS generation. The loss of S-nitrosylation in LDHA after irradiation increased radiosensitivity. Overall, the results of the present study showed that GCH1-mediated BH4 biosynthesis played a key role in the ROS cascade and radiosensitivity through LDHA S-nitrosylation, identifying novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.
Macrophage depletion overcomes human hematopoietic cell engraftment failure in zebrafish embryo
Authors: El Omar Reine , Abdellaoui Naoill , Coulibaly Safiatou T. , Fontenille Laura , Lanza François , Gachet Christian , Freund Jean-Noel , Negroni Matteo , Kissa Karima , Tavian Manuela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractZebrafish is widely adopted as a grafting model for studying human development and diseases. Current zebrafish xenotransplantations are performed using embryo recipients, as the adaptive immune system, responsible for host versus graft rejection, only reaches maturity at juvenile stage. However, transplanted primary human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC) rapidly disappear even in zebrafish embryos, suggesting that another barrier to transplantation exists before the onset of adaptive immunity. Here, using a labelled macrophage zebrafish line, we demonstrated that engraftment of human HSC induces a massive recruitment of macrophages which rapidly phagocyte transplanted cells. Macrophages depletion, by chemical or pharmacological treatments, significantly improved the uptake and survival of transplanted cells, demonstrating the crucial implication of these innate immune cells for the successful engraftment of human cells in zebrafish. Beyond identifying the reasons for human hematopoietic cell engraftment failure, this work images the fate of human cells in real time over several days in macrophage-depleted zebrafish embryos.
Modulating extracellular matrix stiffness: a strategic approach to boost cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Mai Zizhao , Lin Yunfan , Lin Pei , Zhao Xinyuan , Cui Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe interplay between extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and the tumor microenvironment is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in cancer progression and the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review comprehensively discusses the key factors regulating ECM remodeling, including the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts and the accumulation and crosslinking of ECM proteins. Furthermore, it provides a detailed exploration of how ECM stiffness influences the behaviors of both tumor and immune cells. Significantly, the impact of ECM stiffness on the response to various immunotherapy strategies, such as immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, oncolytic virus therapy, and therapeutic cancer vaccines, is thoroughly examined. The review also addresses the challenges in translating research findings into clinical practice, highlighting the need for more precise biomaterials that accurately mimic the ECM and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The insights offered aim to guide future research, with the potential to enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy modalities.
Modelling the transmission dynamics of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in a live bird market
Authors: Pinotti Francesco , Kohnle Lisa , Lourenço José , Gupta Sunetra , Hoque Md. Ahasanul , Mahmud Rashed , Biswas Paritosh , Pfeiffer Dirk , Fournié Guillaume 
Published: May 2024

AbstractH9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are a major concern for the poultry sector and human health in countries where this subtype is endemic. By fitting a model simulating H9N2 AIV transmission to data from a field experiment, we characterise the epidemiology of the virus in a live bird market in Bangladesh. Many supplied birds arrive already exposed to H9N2 AIVs, resulting in many broiler chickens entering the market as infected, and many indigenous backyard chickens entering with pre-existing immunity. Most susceptible chickens become infected within one day spent at the market, owing to high levels of viral transmission within market and short latent periods, as brief as 5.3 hours. Although H9N2 AIV transmission can be substantially reduced under moderate levels of cleaning and disinfection, effective risk mitigation also requires a range of additional interventions targeting markets and other nodes along the poultry production and distribution network.