bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plankton composition, abundance and diversity in hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) migratory rivers of Bangladesh during spawning season
Authors: Ahsan Dewan Ali , Kabir AKM Nazrul , Rahman Md Mofizur , Mahabub Shahad , Yesmin Rumana , Faruque Md Hasan , Naser Md Niamul 
Published: August 2012

Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) is one of the flagship diadromous fish species of Bangladesh that migrate only through the Ganges?Meghna river system route. The biological profile of plankton from the Padma, Meghna and Tetulia reference river sites during 2011 spawning season of hilsa showed that in total of 58 taxa of plankton were present. Of which, 19 taxa (32.76%) were of phytoplankton and 39 taxa (67.24%) of zooplankton. Phytoplankton group belonged to Cyanophyceae (6 taxa), Chlorophyceae (7 taxa) and Bacillariophyceae (6 taxa) while zooplankton including Protozoa (10 taxa), Rotifera (19 taxa), Copepoda (4 taxa), Cladocera (5 taxa) and Ostracoda (1 taxon). The average abundance of plankton was recorded as 194.05 ± 82.58 indiv/l. The highest abundance of total plankton (692 indiv/l) was observed in Godagari, Rajshahi (Station 3) and was lowest (4.00 indiv/l) in Charghat, Rajshahi (Station 2). The highest abundance (49 indiv/l) of total zooplankton was observed in Godagari and lowest (1 indiv/l) in Charghat with mean value of 19.46 ± 4.12 indiv/l. The highest species richness (SR = 45) was observed in Daulotkhan, Vhola (Station 9) and the lowest (SR = 3) in Charghat (Station 2), with mean value of 17.10±4.408. Shannon?Weiner species diversity index (H?) ranged from 3.334 in Daulotkhan (Station 9) to 1.5 in Charghat, (Station 2) with mean value of 2.717 ± 0.147. Based on the plankton profile it may be concluded that the biological quality of hilsa migratory river was not alike throughout the route which may restrict the migration up to up steam and spontaneous spawning of hilsa.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v21i2.11516 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 21(2): 177-189, 2012 (July)
Effects of inbreeding and interpopulation crosses on performance and plasticity of two generations of offspring of a declining grassland plant
Authors: Walisch Tania J. , Colling Guy , Poncelet Myriam , Matthies Diethart 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Inbreeding depression is a major evolutionary force and an important topic in conservation genetics because habitat fragmentation leads to increased inbreeding in the populations of many species. Crosses between populations may restore heterozygosity, resulting in increased performance (heterosis), but may also lead to the disruption of coadapted gene complexes and to decreased performance (outbreeding depression).• Methods: We investigated the effects of selfing and of within and between population crosses on reproduction and the performance of two generations of offspring of the declining grassland plant Saxifraga granulata (Saxifragaceae). We also subjected the first generation of offspring to a fertilization and two stress treatments (competition and defoliation) to investigate whether the effects of inbreeding and interpopulation gene flow depend on environmental conditions.• Key results: Inbreeding depression affected all traits in the F1 generation (δ = 0.07–0.55), but was stronger for traits expressed late during development and varied among families. The adaptive plasticity of offspring from selfing and from interpopulation crosses in response to nutrient addition was reduced. Outbreeding depression was also observed in response to stress. Multiplicative fitness of the F2 generation after serial inbreeding was extremely low (δ > 0.99), but there was heterosis after crossing inbred lines. Outbreeding depression was not observed in the F2.• Conclusions: Continuous inbreeding may drastically reduce the fitness of plants, but effects may be environment‐dependent. When assessing the genetic effects of fragmentation and interpopulation crosses, the possible effects on the mean performance of offspring and on its adaptive plasticity should be considered.
Variation in ploidy level and phenology can result in large and unexpected differences in demography and climatic sensitivity between closely related ferns
Authors: de Groot G. Arjen , Zuidema Pieter A. , de Groot Harry , During Heinjo J. 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Current environmental changes may affect the dynamics and viability of plant populations. This environmental sensitivity may differ between species of different ploidy level because polyploidization can influence life history traits. We compared the demography and climatic sensitivity of two closely related ferns: the tetraploid Polystichum aculeatum and one of its diploid parents, Polystichum setiferum.• Methods: Matrix models were used to assess the effects of life history variation on population dynamics under varying winter conditions. We analyzed the contributions of all key aspects of the fern life cycle to population growth. Our study is the first to also include the gametophyte generation.• Key results: Projected population growth rate (λ) was much higher for the tetraploid P. aculeatum (1.516) than for P. setiferum (1.071) under normal winter conditions. During a year with harsh winter conditions, population growth of P. aculeatum was strongly reduced. This finding contradicts our expectation that the winter‐hardy fronds of this species would allow high survival of harsh winters. Differences in λ between species and between years with different winter conditions were mostly caused by variation in gametophyte‐related recruitment rates, a finding that shows the importance of including gametophytes in fern demographic studies.• Conclusions: Our results indicate that populations of closely related ferns can show large differences in population performance, mainly related to recruitment rates and frond phenology, and that these differences may depend greatly on climatic conditions. Our findings provide a first indication that (allo)polyploidization in ferns can have a significant effect on population dynamics.
The fossil record of Eucalyptus in Patagonia
Authors: Hermsen Elizabeth J. , Gandolfo María A. , Zamaloa María del Carmen 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Herein, we name, describe, and illustrate new macrofossil material representing Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae: Myrtoideae, Eucalypteae) from the diverse early Eocene Laguna del Hunco (LH) flora of Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina. We explore the significance of these fossils in light of understanding the fossil record of eucalypts and the biogeography of the Eucalypteae.• Methods: Fossils representing vegetative and reproductive organs were collected from multiple LH localities over several field seasons. These specimens were prepared, photographed, and compared to extant Eucalyptus. Additional historical collections of Patagonian fossil Eucalyptus were also examined.• Key results: Vegetative and reproductive organs representing five different Eucalyptus taxa were identified in the LH paleoflora. One new taxon each representing leaves, flower buds, and infructescences with co‐occurring, isolated capsules are described and named as new Eucalyptus species. Additionally, two flower types cf. Eucalyptus, represented by one specimen each, are illustrated and briefly described. The fossil species have unique characteristics that independently suggest each belongs within the Eucalypteae. The reproductive material is most similar morphologically to extant Eucalyptus, although it also shares many similarities to the closely related genus Corymbia.• Conclusions: The LH fossil Eucalyptus material is among the few eucalypt macrofossils that have recently been named and described and are the oldest macrofossils that can presently be definitively ascribed to the Eucalypteae. They also represent the only credible description of Eucalyptus fossils occurring outside of Australasia and suggest a once broader geographic distribution for this group.
Imaging ultra thin layers with helium ion microscopy: Utilizing the channeling contrast mechanism
Authors: Hlawacek Gregor , Veligura Vasilisa , Lorbek Stefan , Mocking Tijs F , George Antony , van Gastel Raoul , Zandvliet Harold J W , Poelsema Bene 
Published: August 2012

Background: Helium ion microscopy is a new high-performance alternative to classical scanning electron microscopy. It provides superior resolution and high surface sensitivity by using secondary electrons.Results: We report on a new contrast mechanism that extends the high surface sensitivity that is usually achieved in secondary electron images, to backscattered helium images. We demonstrate how thin organic and inorganic layers as well as self-assembled monolayers can be visualized on heavier element substrates by changes in the backscatter yield. Thin layers of light elements on heavy substrates should have a negligible direct influence on backscatter yields. However, using simple geometric calculations of the opaque crystal fraction, the contrast that is observed in the images can be interpreted in terms of changes in the channeling probability.Conclusion: The suppression of ion channeling into crystalline matter by adsorbed thin films provides a new contrast mechanism for HIM. This dechanneling contrast is particularly well suited for the visualization of ultrathin layers of light elements on heavier substrates. Our results also highlight the importance of proper vacuum conditions for channeling-based experimental methods.
Effect of Phacoemulsification on Drainage Angle Status in Angle Closure Eyes with or without Extensive Peripheral Anterior Synechiae
Authors: Latifi Golshan , Moghimi Sasan , Eslami Yadollah , Fakhraie Ghasem , Zarei Reza , Lin Shan 
Published: August 2012

Purpose. To evaluate the anatomic effects of phacoemulsification on drainage angle status in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Methods. A total of 62 eyes of 58 patients underwent cataract surgery in Farabi Rye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Patients were examined postoperatively on day 1, week 1, and week 6. Indentation gonioscopy and AS-OCT were performed preoperatively and at 6 weeks after surgery. Main outcome measures were angle and anterior segment parameters by AS-OCT and amount of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) by gonioscopy. Thirty-five eyes had PAS ≤180 degrees (group 1) and 27 eyes had >180-degree synechial closure (group 2). Results. Mean age of the patients was 64.3±9.0 years. The mean extent of PAS was significantly reduced from 45.9 to 32.2 degrees (p<0.03) in group 1, and from 277.4 to 159.0 degrees (p<0.001) in group 2. Group 2 showed significantly greater reduction in PAS extent (p<0.001). Angle opening distance and trabecular-iris space area at 500 μm from the scleral spur measured by AS-OCT increased significantly in both groups (p<0.001 for both). Anterior chamber depth (ACD) increased and lens vault (LV) decreased after both procedures. However, the amount of change in ACD and LV and angle parameters were not significant between the 2 groups. Conclusions. Phacoemulsification resulted in opening of the drainage angle, deepening of the anterior chamber, and reduction of PAS extent in PACG eyes with or without extensive PAS. Greater reduction of PAS could be considered in eyes with PAS >180 degrees.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Securflux®, an Anti-Reflux Device for Intravenous Infusion
Authors: Barreras Ferran , Cabeza Manuel , de Terán Laura Collantes 
Published: August 2012

Purpose Catheter obstruction or patency inhibition of the venous access cannula is a frequently experienced problem in patients to whom intravenous (IV) solutions are administered. In this study we assessed the efficacy and safety of Securflux® a disposable device with a back-check valve to prevent reflux in IV infusion sets. Methods A total of 177 adult patients requiring IV medication for at least 24 hours duration were randomized into two groups: with and without the use of Securflux®. Assessments were performed the 10 days after catheter insertion, over three daily visits. The incidence of the onset of reflux (visual/non-visual) and the consequences of reflux for both the patient and healthcare staff were assessed. Results There were 4577 follow-up (study) visits (53.4% in patients with Securflux® and 46.6% without Securflux®). Venous reflux was observed in 14.2% of all visits, more frequently without Securflux® (21.3% vs. 8.1%; P<.05). Reflux was mostly visual without Securflux® (7.6% vs. 0.7%) and non-visual with Securflux® (13.6% vs. 7.3%). The onset of venous reflux carried more consequences, such as inhibition of the line and patient discomfort, in the infusions without Securflux® (81.1% vs. 73.5% of the visits; P<.05). There were no safety concerns related to Securflux®. Conclusions Securflux® is effective, safe and useful for the prevention of venous reflux onset in patients administered IV medication.
Estudo longitudinal dos sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular frente a tratamento conservador com placa estabilizadora em clínica de graduação
Authors: Botelho Luis Cláudio , Messora Michel Reis , Pereira Cássio Vicente , Pereira Stela Márcia , Marques Leandro Silva , Pereira Luciano José 
Published: August 2012

Objetivo: Avaliar longitudinalmente a eficácia da terapia oclusal em pacientes com Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) atendidos em clínica de graduação de curso de Odontologia. Materiais e Métodos: Os indivíduos foram examinados clinicamente utilizando-se o índice internacional Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) na época de seu atendimento (T0) e reavaliados 6 meses após o início do tratamento com placas estabilizadoras (T1). Dezesseis pacientes participaram das duasavaliações. Oitenta e oito porcento dos pacientes examinados eram do sexo feminino. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: 1) Dor: através de Escala VAS (dor no momento da avaliação, dor média nos últimos 6meses e pior dor nos últimos 6 meses), 2) Amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares (abertura bucal, protrusão e lateralidade); 3) Sons articulares (clique, crepitação) e 4) Sensibilidade à palpação dos músculos mastigatóriose da articulação temporomandibular. Os dados foram comparados entre os dois momentos utilizando-se o teste “t” pareado ou Wilcoxon. Correlação de Pearson foi realizada entre as variáveis dor e amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares. O índice de significância foi ajustado em p<0,05. Resultados: Houve melhora significativa entre as duas sessões para as variáveis relacionadas à dor e amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares (p<0,05), exceto protrusão (p=0,438). Houve correlação negativa significativa somente entre a dor média e a amplitude da abertura bucal antes do tratamento (p<0,05). Após o tratamento, essa correlação não persistiu (p>0,05). Conclusões: As placas oclusais lisas planas mostraram melhora significativa para a dor e amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares, mostrando ser um tratamento eficiente a ser realizado em clínicas de graduação para pacientes com dor miofascial e deslocamento de disco.Descritores: Transtornos da articulação temporomandibular. Placas oclusais. Sistema musculoesquelético.
Influência do armazenamento do instrumental odontológico na manutenção da esterilidade
Authors: Reis Sarah Christina Rodrigues Meira , Ramos Iara Júnia Marques , Zocratto Keli Bahia  Felicíssimo , Branco Kelly Moreira Grillo Ribeiro 
Published: August 2012

Objetivo: Comparar dois ambientes bastante utilizados por acadêmicos de odontologia para armazenamento de materiais estéreis (escaninho dos alunos e armários da Central de Material de Esterilização- CME), bem como descrever suas características. Materiais e Métodos: A fim de analisar as condições de armazenamento do material clínico estéril presente nos dois locais supracitados, foram utilizados 40 bastões de vidro. Destes, armazenaram-se quinze nos escaninhos e outros quinze nos armários da CME. Cada ambiente recebeu mais cinco amostras como controle positivo. Após 7 dias de armazenamento, as amostras foram recolhidas para análise laboratorial. Aferiram-se a temperatura e a umidade da CME, utilizando umrelógio Termo-Higrômetro. Além disso, foi aplicado um questionário estruturado relacionado às condições de armazenamento do material clínico estéril para 15 alunos do 8º período de um curso de graduação emOdontologia. Os dados foram analisados por meio das análises uni e bivariada, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A CME, de fluxo contínuo e unidirecional, apresentou-se com ventilação natural e armáriosde madeira com revestimento. A temperatura no local oscilou entre 27,5 e 29,6ºC. A umidade do ar variou de 56,0 a 65,0%. A maioria dos alunos relatou armazenar materiais estéreis na CME (60%). Quanto à limpeza doescaninho, 6,7% dos acadêmicos relataram realizá-la. Na análise microbiológica, observou-se crescimento de colônias cremosas e filamentosas, com predomínio dessas em am os os ambientes. Ao compará-los, observouseque o crescimento de ambas as colônias foi maior nos escaninhos, sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05). Conclusão: Considerando-se que na CME houve menor crescimento das colônias bacterianas e sua estrutura física se aproxima às exigências do Conselho Federal de Odontologia, o local apresentou-se mais apropriado ao armazenamento de material estéril.Descritores: Armazenagem de produtos. Esterilização. Odontologia. Contaminação.
Educação em saúde bucal na visão de acadêmicos de Odontologia
Authors: Santos Karina Tonini dos , Filho Antonio Carlos Pacheco , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba 
Published: August 2012

Objetivo: Analisar a visão dos acadêmicos do último ano do Curso de Odontologia sobre Educação em Saúde Bucal. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa, quanti-qualitativa, aborda aspectos relacionados como entendimento dos acadêmicos sobre Educação em Saúde Bucal, o valor que atribuem a essa prática no âmbito escolar, bem como a importância da participação de atividades em outros cenários de práticas na formação. Resultados: Apesar de os acadêmicos reconhecerem a importância dos Programas de Educação em Saúde Bucal no âmbito escolar e também de sua participação nessas atividades, sua percepção sobre o que é “Educação em Saúde Bucal” é reducionista e centrada na doença. Conclusão: Sabe-se que tais fatos encontrados são reflexos e consequências de todo um contexto estabelecido na formação universitária. Tornase necessário, então, um profundo repensar de prática por parte de todos os formadores desses profissionais, para que possam desenvolver metodologias que privilegiem a Educação em Saúde em suas práticas de ensino.Descritores: Educação em saúde. Odontologia. Saúde bucal. Estudantes de Odontologia.
Ato Médico: histórico e reflexão
Authors: Travassos Denise Vieira , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e , Aguiar Viviane Lemos Frade de , Conceição Elza Maria de Araújo 
Published: August 2012

Descrever o histórico da proposição da lei do ato médico e realizar uma reflexão crítica acerca das motivações de seu surgimento e das conseqüências de sua aprovação. Foi realizada uma revisão dos projetos de lei que deram origem ao Projeto de Lei 25/2002 e dos artigos e comentários divulgados a respeito da legislação proposta. Os argumentos contra a aprovação do Projeto de Lei e os seus efeitos, revelaram que a maior preocupação de todos os profissionais da área de saúde é a centralização das ações nas mãos dos médicos, com redução da autonomia das demais profissões de saúde expressando preocupação com as perdas no trabalho em equipe e prejuízo para o modelo de atenção proposto pelo SUS.Decritores: Projeto de lei. Ocupações em saúde. Sistema Único de Saúde.
Plastic Deformation of a Nano‐Precipitate Strengthened Ni‐Base Alloy Investigated by Complementary In Situ Neutron Diffraction Measurements and Molecular‐Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Huang E‐Wen , Csiszár Gabor , Lo Yu‐Chieh , Huang Yu‐Lih , Lee Wen‐Jay , Ungár Tamás , Liaw Peter K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn situ neutron‐diffraction experiments at the spallation neutron source, simultaneously illuminating the diffraction of the matrix and the strengthening nano precipitates, allow the determination of their plastic deformation. An irreversible neutron‐diffraction‐profile evolution of the nano precipitates is observed. However, there is no conclusive trend of the nano‐precipitate peak‐width evolution subjected to the greater stress levels. Hence, in the present work, molecular‐dynamics simulations are applied to reveal the deformation mechanisms of the nano precipitate and its interaction with the surrounding matrix. The microstructure size, dislocation content, and structural parameters of the nano precipitates, quantified by X‐ray, transmission electron microscopy, and small‐angle neutron scattering, are used as the simulation input and reference. The simulation results show that there are two competing deformation mechanisms, which lead to the fluctuation of the nano‐precipitate‐diffraction widths, occurring during the higher plastic deformation stages.
Interface Functionalization of Photoelectrodes with Graphene for High Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Tao , Hu Weihua , Song Junling , Guai Guan Hong , Li Chang Ming 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe microstructures of photo‐ and counter‐electrodes play critical roles in the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In particular, various interfaces, such as fluorinated‐tin oxide (FTO)/TiO2, TiO2/TiO2, and TiO2/electrolyte, in DSSCs significantly affect the final power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, research has generally focused more on the design of various nanostructured semiconducting materials with emphasis on optimizing chemical or/and physical properties, and less on these interface functionalizations for performance improvement. This work explores a new application of graphene to modify the interface of FTO/TiO2 to suppress charge recombination. In combination with interfaces functionalization of TiO2/TiO2 for low charge‐transport resistance and high charge‐transfer rate, the final PCE of DSSC is remarkably improved from 5.80% to 8.13%, achieving the highest efficiency in comparison to reported graphene/TiO2‐based DSSCs. The method of using graphene to functionalize the surface of FTO substrate provides a better alternative method to the conventional pre‐treatment through hydrolyzing TiCl4 and an approach to reduce the adverse effect of microstructural defect of conducting glass substrate for electronic devices.
Diameter Effect on the Sidewall Functionalization of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Addition of Dichlorocarbene
Authors: Zhang Kang , Zhang Qing , Liu Cao , Marzari Nicola , Stellacci Francesco 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDichlorocarbene is added to the sidewalls of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with diameters ranging from 1.2 to 2.2 nm. Small diameter SWNTs are found to react much more easily than large diameter SWNTs. Upon functionalization, the conductance could be largely preserved for almost all SWNTs, while an effective bandgap increase for functionalized metallic SWNTs (m‐SWNTs) and a bandgap reduction for functionalized semiconducting SWNTs (s‐SWNTs) are generally observed. The results suggest that [2 + 1] cycloaddition is an excellent choice of processing, resulting in SWNTs over a large diameter range with electronic properties that are almost unaffected. Furthermore, possible separation of SWNTs according to their diameters could be achieved due to the apparent diameter‐dependent reactivity.