bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of dental visiting trajectory patterns on clinical oral health and oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Crocombe Leonard A. , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Thomson W. Murray , Brennan David S. , Poulton Richie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground: Previous studies have shown variation in long‐term dental visiting but little is known about the oral health outcomes of such variation.Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the association of different dental visiting trajectories with dental clinical and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) indicators.Methods: This study utilized data from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a continuing longitudinal study of 1,037 babies born in Dunedin (New Zealand) between April 1, 1972 and March 31, 1973. Data presented here were collected at ages 15, 18, 26, and 32 years. Three categories of dental attendance were identified in earlier research, namely: regulars (n = 285, 30.9 percent of the cohort), decliners (441, 55.9 percent), and opportunistic users (107, 13.1 percent).Results: There was a statistically significant association between opportunistic dental visiting behavior and decayed missing and filled surfaces score (Beta = 3.9) as well as missing teeth because of caries (Beta = 0.7). Nonregular dental visiting trajectories were associated with higher Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) scores (Beta = 2.1) and lower self‐rated oral health scores (prevalence ratio = 0.8).Conclusion: Long‐term, postchildhood dental attendance patterns are associated with oral health in adulthood, whether defined by clinical dental indicators or OHRQoL. Improving dental visiting behavior among low socioeconomic status groups would have the greatest effect on improving oral health and reducing oral health impacts.
Factors associated with preventive dental care‐seeking behavior among people living with HIV
Authors: Tobias Carol R. , Lemay Celeste A. , Jeanty Yves , Umez‐Eronini Amarachi A. , Reznik David A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives: This study examined factors associated with preventive dental care‐seeking behavior among HIV‐positive adults who participated in a federally funded demonstration project to expand access to oral health care.Methods: Two thousand one hundred eighty‐seven adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States were enrolled in free dental care and were interviewed about their reasons for seeking care, their oral health, and overall health status. Multivariate analysis using Generalized Estimating Equations to control for clustering by site was conducted to identify factors associated with preventive care‐seeking behavior.Results: Forty‐one percent of participants reported the only reason they sought dental care was for preventive care, to receive a checkup or cleaning. Factors associated with preventive care‐seeking behavior in multivariate analysis included no unmet need for dental care since testing HIV positive, no dental insurance, taking HIV medications and better overall oral health.Conclusions: Many HIV‐positive adults may seek preventive care when it is offered at no cost. Interventions that address unmet needs and target individuals who are not taking HIV medications or have poorer oral health may improve preventive practices.
Prenatal nutrition intervention to reduce mutans streptococci among low‐income women
Authors: Reisine Susan , Douglass Joanna , Aseltine Robert , Shanley Ellen , Thompson Colleen , Thibodeau Edward 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives: The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a prenatal nutrition intervention to reduce sugar intake and mutans streptococci (mutans) among low‐income women.Methods: Pregnant women were recruited from the obstetrics service at a community health center in Connecticut. Inclusion criteria were ≥18 years of age; mutans levels >10 000 colony forming units/ml as determined by Dentocult SM® kits (Orion Diagnostica Oy, Espoo, Finland); and >3 months pregnant. Women were randomized to receive education alone [education intervenion (EI)] or education and a 1‐hour nutrition group session at 9 months and 6 weeks postpartum [education and nutrition intervention (EIN)]. Mutans and questionnaire data were collected at baseline, 9 months, 6 weeks, and 3 months postpartum. One hundred twenty completed the baseline visit and 93 (77%) completed all four visits. Sugar intake was assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire and clinical information was abstracted from medical charts.Results: Mean age was 26.3 years [standard deviation (SD) = 6], 73% were Hispanic, 29% had lived in the United States < 6 years; 48% completed high school; 27% were married; mean total sugar intake at baseline was 149 g (SD = 85). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that mutans levels declined significantly in both groups, but that the EI group had significantly lower mutans levels at the final assessment compared with EIN. Sugar intake also declined significantly, but there were no significant differences between groups.Conclusions: The study demonstrated the following: a) the feasibility of conducting the intervention at community health center sites among low‐income pregnant women; b) the effectiveness of education to reduce mutans/sugar intake; and c) the need to improve the nutrition intervention to obtain additional gains in mutans reduction.
Factors affecting children's oral health: perceptions among Latino parents
Authors: Cortés Dharma E. , Réategui‐Sharpe Ludmila , Spiro, III Avron , García Raul I. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study is to understand factors that influence the oral health‐related behaviors of Latino children, as reported by their parents.Methods: Focus groups and in‐depth interviews assessed parental perceptions, experiences, attributions, and beliefs regarding their children's oral health. Guiding questions focused on a) the participant's child dental experiences; b) the impact of dental problems on the child's daily activities, emotions, self‐esteem; c) parental experiences coping with child's dental problems; and d) hygienic and dietary habits. Participants were purposively sampled from dental clinics and public schools with a high concentration of Latinos; 92 urban low‐income Latino Spanish‐speaking parents participated. Transcriptions of the audio files were thematically analyzed using a grounded theory approach.Results: Parents' explanations of their children's dental experiences were categorized under the following themes: caries and diet, access to dental care, migration experiences, and routines.Conclusions: Findings revealed fundamental multilevel (i.e., individual/child, family, and community) factors that are important to consider for future interventions to reduce oral health disparities: behaviors leading to caries, parental knowledge about optimal oral health, access to sugary foods within the living environment and to fluoridated water as well as barriers to oral health care such as lack of health insurance or limited health insurance coverage, among others.
PHGDH amplification and altered glucose metabolism in human melanoma
Authors: Mullarky Edouard , Mattaini Katherine R. , Vander Heiden Matthew G. , Cantley Lewis C. , Locasale Jason W. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe metabolic requirements of cancer cells differ from that of their normal counterparts. To support their proliferation, cancer cells switch to a fermentative metabolism that is thought to support biomass production. Instances where metabolic enzymes promote tumorigenesis remain rare. However, an enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of serine, 3‐phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), was recently identified as a putative oncogene. The potential mechanisms by which PHGDH promotes cancer are discussed.
Impacts of land use change due to biofuel crops on carbon balance, bioenergy production, and agricultural yield, in the conterminous United States
Authors: Qin Zhangcai , Zhuang Qianlai , Chen Min 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGrowing concerns about energy and the environment have led to worldwide use of bioenergy. Switching from food crops to biofuel crops is an option to meet the fast‐growing need for biofuel feedstocks. This land use change consequently affects the ecosystem carbon balance. In this study, we used a biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model, to evaluate the impacts of this change on the carbon balance, bioenergy production, and agricultural yield, assuming that several land use change scenarios from corn, soybean, and wheat to biofuel crops of switchgrass and Miscanthus will occur. We found that biofuel crops have much higher net primary production (NPP) than soybean and wheat crops. When food crops from current agricultural lands were changed to different biofuel crops, the national total NPP increased in all cases by a range of 0.14–0.88 Pg C yr−1, except while switching from corn to switchgrass when a decrease of 14% was observed. Miscanthus is more productive than switchgrass, producing about 2.5 times the NPP of switchgrass. The net carbon loss ranges from 1.0 to 6.3 Tg C yr−1 if food crops are changed to switchgrass, and from 0.4 to 6.7 Tg C yr−1 if changed to Miscanthus. The largest loss was observed when soybean crops were replaced with biofuel crops. Soil organic carbon increased significantly when land use changed, reaching 100 Mg C ha−1 in biofuel crop ecosystems. When switching from food crops to Miscanthus, the per unit area croplands produced a larger amount of ethanol than that of original food crops. In comparison, the land use change from wheat to Miscanthus produced more biomass and sequestrated more carbon. Our study suggests that Miscanthus could better serve as an energy crop than food crops or switchgrass, considering both economic and environmental benefits.
Using imaging spectroscopy to estimate integrated measures of foliage nutritional quality
Authors: Youngentob Kara N. , Renzullo Luigi J. , Held Alex A. , Jia Xiuping , Lindenmayer David B. , Foley William J. 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. Integrated measures of foliage nutritional quality that consider the influence of fibre and tannins on the digestibility of nitrogen (N) may provide a more meaningful estimate of forage quality than total foliar N for many herbivorous species. The ability to estimate available nitrogen (AvailN) on a landscape scale could have important applications for herbivore conservation and management. However, AvailN has never been modelled with imaging spectroscopy.2. We collected hyperspectral remote sensing data (HyMap) over Eucalyptus trees in south‐eastern Australia. Using a combination of laboratory near infrared spectrophotometry, a recently developed in vitro assay for AvailN and two powerful spectral transformation methods, continuum removal and derivative analysis, we developed linear regression models to scale concentrations of total foliar N, AvailN and digestible dry matter (DDM) from leaf to canopy‐level.3. The model estimates achieved R2‐values between 0·55 and 0·64 for AvailN, 0·54–0·60 for N and 0·75–0·78 for DDM. Ninety‐five per cent of the wavebands selected by the models corresponded to known absorption features. This and the large contribution of a small number of wavebands suggest that it may be possible to develop prediction algorithms based on a few wavelengths that could be extrapolated to other landscape types.4. This is the first time that integrated measures of foliage nutritional quality have been estimated with imaging spectroscopy. In combination with appropriate crown‐delineation techniques, our methodology will enable users to map variations in these foliar constituents across forest canopies.
Active tension‐extension splints: A novel technique for management of congenital flexural deformities affecting the distal limb in the foal
Authors: Compston P. C. , Payne R. J. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryA variety of methods are described for managing distal limb flexural deformities in the foal, including intravenous oxytetracycline and splint or cast use. This case series describes a novel technique that creates an ‘active tension‐extension splint’ by wiring the toe into a custom‐made fibreglass splint and therefore into active extension. A dorsal fibreglass splint is made by halving a cast that is set around the affected leg with padding underneath it, so that it is sculpted to a more appropriate anatomical shape. Cerclage wire is placed through the toe and the dorsal aspect of the splint, then tightened to pull the limb into active extension. Foals with distal limb flexural deformities that were treated in this way were followed up by examination of hospital records and telephone questionnaire. Records were examined for 13 foals treated between 2004 and 2010. One foal developed septic osteitis of the distal phalanx due to suspected laminar penetration; other post operative complications seen were bandage sores and minor cosmetic scarring. Out of 10 foals where follow‐up by questionnaire was available, 8 had complete resolution of their deformity following active tension‐extension splinting, one required inferior check ligament desmotomy for complete correction and one had carpal flexural deformities that did not resolve. All that survived to adulthood are sound and have achieved their intended purpose. This previously unpublished technique using a wire through the toe to create an active tension‐extension splint has a high success rate for correction of congenital flexural deformities affecting the distal interphalangeal and metacarpo‐/metatarsophalangeal joints in the foal. The majority of post operative complications are minor and easily managed. This is a simple technique that can improve the management of neonatal distal limb deformities both in a hospital situation and for equine practitioners in the field.
Diagnostic challenges: Equine thoracic neoplasia
Authors: Davis E. G. , Rush B. R. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe diagnosis of thoracic neoplasia in the horse can be difficult due to the nonspecific nature of the clinical signs and their overlap with other pulmonary diseases. Haematological and serum biochemical evaluation, thoracic ultrasonography, radiography, endoscopic examination, and, where appropriate, thoracocentesis and pleural fluid cytology may all be helpful in reaching a diagnosis. Granular cell tumours are the most frequently reported primary pulmonary tumours of horses. They occur as single or multiple masses adjacent to bronchi and bronchioles, and the mass typically extends into the airway, resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the lumen. Thymic tumours are classified as benign or metastatic, based on evidence of tissue invasiveness, even though they uniformly appear benign histologically. These tumours are derived from epithelial reticular cells of the thymus and are rare in horses. Other primary thoracic neoplasms originate from various pulmonary tissues and are primarily reported as single case reports: pulmonary and bronchial carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma, bronchial myxoma, pulmonary chondrosarcoma, pulmonary leiomyosarcoma and pleuropulmonary blastoma. Clinical signs of these primary pulmonary neoplasms are dependent on the tumour type and location, but commonly include chronic cough, weight loss, anorexia, fever and respiratory difficulty; ventral oedema, pleural effusion and epistaxis are also frequently observed. Mesothelioma is a rare primary pleural tumour arising from the mesothelium of the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum. The clinical presentation in horses includes weight loss, respiratory difficulty and large volume pleural effusion. The tumour appears ultrasonographically as multiple small nodules on a thick serosal surface and pleural biopsy is diagnostic. Lymphoma is the most common haematopoietic neoplasm in horses, which can present with 4 main manifestations of lesions: mediastinal, multicentric, alimentary and cutaneous. Common clinical features include chronic weight loss, lethargy, anorexia, subcutaneous oedema, lymphadenopathy, colic, bleeding tendency and diarrhoea. Coughing and laboured respiratory effort are often apparent in individuals suffering from mediastinal masses. In such instances, pleural effusion may result in severe pulmonary atelectasis and pulmonary function is significantly compromised. Haemangiosarcoma is the second most common metastatic thoracic neoplasm in horses. Disseminated haemangiosarcoma is aggressive and rapidly progressive. The clinical presentation often includes tachypnoea, pale or icteric mucous membranes, respiratory distress, epistaxis, and subcutaneous, cutaneous or intramuscular masses. Other tumour types that metastasise to the thoracic cavity include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, metastatic melanoma, mastocytoma and undifferentiated sarcoma. The clinical features of these tumours are generally nonspecific and often relate more to the primary site of tumour formation.
Use of proxy measurements of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretory response to distinguish between normal and previously laminitic ponies
Authors: BORER K. E. , BAILEY S. R. , MENZIES‐GOW N. J. , HARRIS P. A. , ELLIOTT J. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study: Insulin resistance may be a risk factor for pasture‐associated laminitis. Diagnosis of insulin resistance could help identify individuals at increased risk of laminitis.Objective: To calculate proxy measurements of insulin sensitivity (reciprocal of the square root of insulin: RISQI and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index: QUICKI) and insulin secretory response (modified insulin‐to‐glucose ratio: MIRG) based on basal glucose and insulin concentrations in normal (NP) and previously laminitic (PLP) ponies.Methods: Proxies were calculated in 7 NP and 5 PLP from 20 separate measurements of insulin and glucose taken in spring, summer and winter when ponies were adapted to eating either pasture or hay. Proxies were RISQI: Insulin‐0.5, QUICKI: 1/(log[fasting Insulin]+ log[fasting Glucose]) and MIRG: (800−0.3×[Insulin‐50]2)/[Glucose‐30]. A modified insulin‐to‐glucose ratio for ponies (MIGRP) was investigated using: (3000−0.012 ×[Insulin‐500]2)/[Glucose‐30]. Statistical analysis used linear mixed models.Results: Diet did not significantly affect measurements, so values were pooled for further analysis. RISQI (mean ± s.d.) was lower in PLP (0.26 ± 0.15 [mu/l]‐0.5) than NP (0.29 ± 0.12 [mu/l]‐0.5; P = 0.05). QUICKI was lower in PLP (0.31 ± 0.05) than NP (0.33 ± 0.04; P = 0.047). There was no difference in MIRG between NP and PLP. MIGRP (median [interquartile range]) was greater in PLP (4.0 [7.9][muins]2/10·l·mggluc) than NP (2.6 [3.2][muins]2/10·l·mggluc; P = 0.022). In spring, NP had higher RISQI and QUICKI and lower MIGRP than PLP (P<0.001). In PLP, RISQI and QUICKI were higher in summer than spring (P<0.02) and MIGRP was lower in summer than other seasons (P<0.01). In NP, RISQI, QUICKI and MIGRP were each different between seasons (P<0.017). MIRG did not vary with season.Conclusions: RISQI, QUICKI and MIGRP, but not MIRG, differentiated between NP and PLP. None of the proxies accurately identified individual PLP. Seasonal changes in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretory response were apparent.Potential relevance: Current proxy measurements cannot determine an individual's laminitis susceptibility. MIGRP may be useful in hyperinsulinaemic animals.
Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one isolated from Polyporus umbellatus prevents early renal injury in aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy rats
Authors: Zhao Ying-Yong , Zhang Li , Mao Jia-Rong , Cheng Xiao-Hong , Lin Rui-Chao , Zhang Yongmin , Sun Wen-Ji 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Aristolochic acid (AA) nephropathy, first reported as Chinese herbs nephropathy, is a rapidly progressive tubulointerstitial nephropathy that results in severe anemia, interstitial fibrosis and end-stage renal disease. Tubulointerstitial injury was studied in a rat model of AA nephropathy to determine whether ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (ergone) treatment prevents early renal injury in rats with aristolochic acid I-induced nephropathy.

Methods
Early renal injury via renal interstitial fibrosis was induced in rats by administration of aristolochic acid I (AAI) solution intragastrically for 8 weeks. Ninety-six rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 24/group): (1) control (2) AAI (3) AAI + ergone (10 mg/kg) and (4) AAI + ergone (20 mg/kg). Blood and urine samples were collected and rat were sacrificed for histological assessment of the kidneys on at the end of weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8.

Key findings
AAI caused progressive elevation of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, potassium, sodium, chlorine, proteinuria and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). Ergone suppressed elevation of blood urea, nitrogen, creatinine, proteinuria and urinary NAG to some degree, but the AAI–ergone-treated group did not differ from AAI-treated group for body weight, serum potassium, sodium and chlorine. The progress of the lesions in the kidney after AAI administration was also observed by histopathological examinations, but kidneys from rats of AAI–ergone-treated group displayed fewer lesions.

Conclusions
Ergone treatment conferred protection against early renal injury in a rat model of AA nephropathy. Early administration of ergone may prevent the progression of renal injury and the subsequent renal fibrosis in AA nephropathy.
An investigation on the correlation between drug dissolution properties and the growth behaviour of granules in high shear mixer
Authors: Guo Zhen , Ma Mingxin , Hao Yanru , Jiang Tongying , Wang Siling 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the growth behaviour and in-vitro dissolution rate of water-insoluble drugs prepared with high-shear wet granulation.

Methods
Granules containing nimodipine, microcrystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose and aqueous solution of hydroxypropylcellulose were prepared and the effects of independent process variables, including impeller speed and liquid-to-solid ratio were taken into consideration. The mean granule size, granule-size distribution (GSD), porosity and surface properties were monitored at different kneading times to identify the granule-growth mechanisms simultaneously. A computer-based method was applied to simulate the dissolution behaviour of polydisperse granules based on the GSD data.

Key findings
The in-vitro dissolution rate of drug was high for the early stages of granulation and sharply decreased when coalescence and consolidation of granules started, approaching a flat and low level when granules were sufficiently consolidated. The simulated dissolution results were in agreement with experimental observations and were significantly affected by the GSD, porosity and surface properties of granules during the granulation process. Moreover the GSD was directly related to the granule-growth behaviour and mechanisms.

Conclusions
In general, it was concluded that the dissolution properties of nimodipine basically correlated with the growth behaviour of granules in a high-shear mixer. The simulation method based on GSD can be used as a convenient and rapid way to predict the dissolution properties for formulation development and granulation optimization.