bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of mouse eye mutants as models for human diseases
Authors: JADEJA S , SANGER MGP , MARY LYON CENTRE MRC , JACKSON I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The Eumodic (European Mouse Disease Clinic) project screens mouse knockout lines and ENU induced mutants for pathological phenotypes. Initially 2 of the strains identified with an eye defect by the Sanger MGP and a strain from the ENU mutagenesis screen at MRC Harwell have been selected for further investigation. Methods Following the initial primary phenotyping, pathology; histology; and immunohistochemistry was carried out on ocular tissue collected from mutant and control animals to determine defects in eye structure and development. This gave an indication to the underlying cause of the defects seen, enabling further molecular biology analysis. Results Btb/Poz Domain‐containing Protein 12 (Btbd12) is a scaffold protein required for the formation of DNA repair complexes. The mouse knockout of this gene shows corneal opacity, dilated pupils and occasional microphthalmia, modelling the phenotypes seen in human diseases of defective DNA repair. The corneas of the mutant animals exhibit increased DNA damage which is likely to be the cause of the opacification. Solute Carrier Family 9 Member 8 (Slc9a8) is a Sodium/ Hydrogen exchanger and has previously been shown to play a role in ion exchange. The Slc9a8 knockout strain appears to have retinal degeneration and the males are infertile. The ENU‐induced mutant Pedv128 exhibits defects in the retinal vasculature including defective vascular patterning and increased vascular leakage. Of particular interest is that this vascular phenotype is restricted to the eyes. Conclusion Investigation of mouse eye mutants can result in a better understanding of the pathology and underlying causes of human diseases.
About 222 cases post cataract acute endophthalmitis: a ten year muticentric retrospective study
Authors: RYSANEK B , BILLOTTE C , DENION E , LECLERCQ R , MILAZZO S , MURAINE M , MOURIAUX F 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Acute endophthalmitis is a rare but dramatic event after cataract surgery. The aim of this multicentric retrospective study is to analyse initial signs and management and then to compare our results to the guidelines of Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study Methods We reviewed all cases of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery from 3 french ophthalmological university centers between 1997 to 2007. Only patients with an acute endophthalmitis were recorded. Initial visual acuity and clinical signs, microbiological results, medical or surgical management, ocular complications and final visual acuity were recorded Results 222 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 73,3 year There was 48,9% men and 51,1% women. Vitreous biopsy or vitrectomy was realised in 117 patients. The choice of surgical treatment was statistically associated with lower initial visual acuity. Intraocular samples were taken in 95% of the patients. In 55,5% of cases, pathogens were identified in cultures. 40% of "aggressive pathogens” like staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus species and bacilles gram‐negative were found. Final visual acuity 12 months after treatment was 20/40 or better in 55,5%. Loss of red reflex at the initial examination was statistically associated with a lower final visual acuity (p<0,001). Positive bacteriological culture was statistically associated with a lower final visual acuity (p<0,001). “Aggressive pathogens” were statistically associated with ocular complications (p<0,001). Conclusion The EVS guidelines are still valid in our experience.The most predictive criteria for final acuity in our study were the red reflex and presence and type of bacteria in acute post operative endophthalmitis
Epidemiology of uveitis in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: KHAIRALLAH M , GARGOURI S 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Numerous studies have examined the pattern of uveitis around the world. Most of them are from western countries, including the USA and countries in Europe, and Eastern Asia. The aim of this presentation is to review the epidemiological characteristics of uveitis in the the Middle East and North Africa. Methods The epidemiologic data on uveitis available from the Middle East and North Africa were reviewed. Results Several recent studies addressed the pattern of uveitis in different countries, including Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Tunisia. Uveitis was most often seen in adults with a peak age at presentation in the third and fourth decades. There was no dramatic difference in gender distribution. Anterior uveitis was the most common anatomic form of uveitis, but a high rate of posterior uveitis and panuveitis was reported. A definitive or presumed specific diagnosis could be established for 57‐87% of patients. The most common infectious entities were herpetic anterior uveitis, toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis (Saudi Arabia). The most common identifiable non‐infectious entities included Behçet’s disease and Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease. Conclusion Herpetic infection, toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis are the most common infectious causes of uveitis in the Middle East and North Africa. Behçet’s diease and Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease are the most common non‐infectious uveitic entities.HLA‐B27 acute anterior uveitis, ocular sarcoidosis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis are less common than in western countries.
Inflammatory mediators in the aqueous humor from patients with uveitis associated with Behçet’s disease and Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease
Authors: ABU EL ASRAR A , DESCAMPS F , KANGAVE D , CAUWE B , MARTENS E , GEBOES K , OPDENAKKER G 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose We studied interphotoreceptor retinoid‐binding protein (IRBP), a dominant autoimmune antigen in the eye. Methods Aqueous humour samples from 28 patients with active uveitis were analysed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) content as a marker for blood‐ocular barrier breakdown and by gelatinase B zymography for the detection of inflammation. The data were correlated with the presence of intact IRBP (approximately 140 kD) as determined by Western blot analysis and with the clinical disease activity. Results Aqueous humour samples from control eyes and eyes with low disease activity showed positive immunoreactivity for intact IRBP. The IRBP signal weakened or disappeared with higher disease activity. Significant positive correlations were observed between disease activity and levels of gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) (rs=0.713; P<0.001) and IgG (rs=0.580; P=0.001). Significant negative correlations were found between levels of IRBP and disease activity (rs=‐0.520; P=0.005) and levels of MMP‐9 (rs=‐0.727; P<0.001) and of IgG (rs=‐0.834; P<0.001). Whereas neutrophil elastase converted intact IRBP into an immunoreactive 55 kD peptide in vitro, the conversion by neutrophil degranulates resembled more the in vivo context with a complete degradation of IRBP. Reversal of inflammation with immunosuppressive therapy was accompanied with reappearance of intact IRBP and disappearance of IgG and MMP‐9. Conclusion The analysis of IRBP proteolysis is useful as a biomarker for uveitis and suggests that inhibition of proteinases might become a therapeutic strategy in an inflammatory context of a damaged blood‐ocular barrier.
Efficacy and tolerance of systemic ganciclovir as a treatment for cytomegalovirus‐associated anterior uveitis in inmunocompetent patients
Authors: ESPOSITO F , BODAGHI B 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To assess the utility of systemic, intravitreal or topical ganciclovir, as a treatment for PCR‐proven cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐associated anterior uveitis. Methods Retrospective interventional case series of 39 consecutive patients treated in a single centre between 2002 and 2009. Main outcome measures included intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber inflammation. Results All 35 patients with at least a 12‐month follow‐up responded to the first treatment regimen. Mean IOP dropped from 32 (SD 7) to 18 (SD 2) mmHg after 1 week and remained within normal values throughout the treatment course, with progressive lowering of antihypertensive therapy. Relapses occurred in 50% of cases within one year. Mean time to relapse was 5.7 months (range: 0.5‐12). Long‐term antivirals were needed in 15% of cases whereas intolerance occurred in 15% of cases. Intravitreal ganciclovir may be proposed in patients with systemic intolerance but multiple injections are required. Long‐term topical ganciclovir was able to control the disease in selected cases. Conclusion Systemic Ganciclovir is effective in controlling CMV‐induced chronic ocular hypertension and anterior chamber inflammation, but even prolonged treatment does not protect from relapses. Repeated short‐course regimens seem to be an appropriate strategy.
Bevacizumab induces intraocular tumour growth in mice: an intriguing paradox
Authors: VERSLUIS M , EL FILALI M , LY LV , LUYTEN GPM , VAN DER VELDEN PA , JAGER MJ 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Intravitreal bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to VEGF‐A, was originally developed as an anti‐tumour treatment, and is used to treat macular edema in radiation retinopathy. As this drug may potentially be used to treat primary uveal melanoma (UM) and/or its metastases, we analyzed the effect of bevacizumab on UM growth. Methods Mice inoculated with B16F10 melanoma cells into the anterior chamber of the eye were monitored for tumour growth and vascularisation after bevacizumab treatment. UM cell proliferation and the expression of VEGF‐A, GLUT‐1, and HIF‐1α were analyzed in vitro. Results Bevacizumab treatment resulted in an acceleration of intraocular tumour growth in mice, but did not induce UM cell proliferation in vitro. Incubation with bevacizumab induced VEGF‐A and GLUT‐1 mRNA expression via the HIF‐1α pathway in UM cell lines and primary cell cultures. Surprisingly, VEGF‐A expression in mice did not result in more vessels, but we did perceive more anterior chamber hemorrhages in vivo. Conclusion Anti‐VEGF treatment with bevacizumab induces intraocular tumour growth in mice. Although bevacizumab did not induce the number of vessels in treated mice, we did observe more anterior chamber hemorrhages. One of the mechanism involved, is the induction of VEGF‐A expression in hypoxic UM cell lines and cultures through the HIF‐1α pathway, resulting in a ‘pseudohypoxic’ condition. This phenomenon has been described in other tumours and maybe the consequence of tumour adaptive or evasive resistance. The use of bevacizumab for treatment of macular edema (due to radiation retinopathy) after irradiation of UM should therefore be carefully considered.
Epistaxis or epiphora as sign for extension of a conjunctival melanoma: a series of six patients with nasolacrimal recurrence
Authors: MISSOTTEN GS , GAMBRELLE J , DE KEIZER RJW 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To characterize malignant conjunctival melanomas with extension and recurrence in the nasolacrimal system Methods Localization of the primary tumor and recurrences of 210 conjunctival melanomas treated in the Netherlands were reviewed for orbital and nasal tumors (1978‐2008). On the basis of these cases and literature data, characteristics for nasolacrimal system extension and metastasis were reviewed. Results Six patients (3%) showed a recurrence of the primary conjunctival melanoma in the nasolacrimal system. Two of the six primary tumors were limbal tumors, the other four were diffuse tumors involving the fornix. In all six patients, the primary conjunctival melanomas were associated with primary acquired melanosis (PAM). During follow‐up period (mean 11.6 ± 3 years; median 8.7 years) two patients developed metastases, and died during follow‐up. Conclusion Patients should be advised to contact the treating ophthalmologist in the case of symptoms of epiphora, nose obstructions and epistaxis, especially non‐bulbar and diffuse cases associated with PAM.
Trop 1 gene is overexpressed in pterygia
Authors: CALIENNO R , CURCIO C , LANZINI M , LA SORDA R , PIANTELLI M , COLASANTE M , NUBILE M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Understanding molecular and biochemical events of pterygium may allow to use less invasive treatments. Several antigens have been investigated to study the physiopathology of this disease. TROP1 protein, a cell adhesion regulatory molecule, and TROP2, a cell surface calcium signal trasducer, are expressed by a large variety of human cancers. Methods The aim of this work is to evaluate TROP1 and 2 protein expression in primitive and recurrent of pterygia. The expression of these antigens was evaluated in limbal crypts (4 cases), corneal epithelium (2 cases), conjunctival melanoma (1 case), normal conjuntiva (4 cases) and pterygia(8 primitive and 4 recurrent). All samples were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained by immunohistochemistry. The different expression of TROP1 and 2 was evaluated and correlated with markers normally expressed in pterygia,such as vimentin, ki67, survivin, MMP7, p63, cyclin D1 and p53. Results No expression of TROP1 was observed in corneal epithelium and in limbal crypt, few positive cells were observed in healthy conjuntival epithelium. TROP2 was observed in some cells of limbal crypt, but was not expressed in corneal epithelium, while was positive in conjuntival epithelium. A strong TROP1 and 2 expression was detected in primary pterygia. TROP 1 and 2 positivity correlated with expression of vimentin, ki67, survivin, MMP7, p63, cyclin D1 and p53. Interestingly TROP1 positivity decreased in recurrent pterygia. Conclusion TROP1 and TROP2 antigens can be use as marker also for ocular surface.
Malignant lymphoma of the lacrimal gland in Denmark
Authors: RASMUSSEN P , PRAUSE JU , RALFKIAER E , SJÖ LD , HEEGAARD S 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To characterise clinicopathological features of lacrimal gland lymphoma. Methods All cases of lacrimal gland lymphoma were identified searching The Danish Registry of Pathology covering the years 1975‐2009. Histological specimens were re‐evaluated with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. All patients with confirmed lymphoma had their clinical files collected. Results Twenty‐seven patients with malignant lymphoma of the lacrimal gland were identified. Eight of the patients were males, nineteen were females, and the median age was 69 years (range 43 to 87 years). Cases were distributed as extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma 33% (9/27), follicular lymphoma 19% (5), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma 15% (4), mantle cell lymphoma 15% (4), small lymphocytic lymphoma 7% (2) and unclassified B‐cell lymphoma 11% (3). Mass of the lacrimal gland (85%), proptosis (56%) and displacement of the globe (41%) were the most frequent clinical signs. Twenty‐two cases (81%) presented in stage I/II. One case (4%) had stage III disease and four cases (15%) presented in stage IV. Of the five cases in stage III/IV, four had lacrimal gland lymphoma as first presenting symptom. Patients in stage I/II were treated with: Radiotherapy (71%), chemotherapy (19%) and surgery (14%). Patients having widespread disease were all treated with chemotherapy alone. Complete remission was experienced by 85% of the cases but 43% of these had a relapse independent of stage, treatment and subtype. The 5‐year overall survival was 79%. Conclusion Malignant lymphoma of the lacrimal gland is relatively rare and presents in elderly females. The distribution of subtypes of lacrimal gland lymphoma resembles the distribution of lymphoma subtypes seen in the salivary glands.
Ocular adnexal lymphoma and Helicobacter pylori gastric infection
Authors: DECAUDIN D , FERRONI A , VINCENT‐SALOMON A , VALIDIRE P , DE CREMOUX P , VALIDIRE P , PLANCHER C , ASSELAIN B , GIRODET J , MAL F , BROUSSE N , DENDALE R , LUMBROSO‐LE ROUIC L , HERMINE O , LECUIT M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose There is a causal association between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) gastric infection and the development of gastric MALT lymphoma. In contrast, the link between Hp gastric infection and the development of extra‐gastric lymphoma has not been thoroughly investigated. We therefore studied the prevalence of gastric Hp infection at initial diagnosis of ophthalmologic and non‐ophthalmologic extra‐gastric lymphoma patients. Methods Three cohorts of patients were studied: a first one of 83 patients with OAL, a second one of 101 patients with extra‐ophthalmologic extra‐gastric lymphoma, and a third one of 156 control individuals (control) without malignant lymphoma. Gastric Hp infection was investigated by histopathological analysis and Hp‐specific PCR assay on gastric biopsy tissue samples. Results We found gastric Hp infection in 37 OAL patients (45%), in 25 extra‐ophthalmologic extra‐gastric lymphoma cases (25%), and in 18 controls individuals (12%) (p<0.0001 OAL/C and p<0.01 OAL/extra‐OAL cases). Gastritis was found in 51% and 9% of Hp‐positive and Hp‐negative lymphoma patients, respectively (p<10‐4). Gastric Hp infection only correlated with MALT/LPL lymphoma (p = 0.03). Conclusion There is a significant association between gastric Hp infection and MALT/LPL OAL. This suggests a novel mechanism of indirect infection‐associated lymphomagenesis whereby chronic local antigen stimulation would lead to the emergence of ectopic B‐cell lymphoma.
Two cases of mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: BRISCOE D , KIDRON D , ALMALACH I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To describe the presentation of two cases of Mantle Cell Lymphoma in the Orbit Methods Two consecutive cases of Mantle Cell Lymphoma presemted to the Orbital Clinics of Meir Medical Center and Emek Medical Center, between 2009 and 2010. Both cases underwent biopsy and a full systemic workup. Results Both cases presented with a rapidly progressive ptosis and an anterior orbital mass. One case had primary presentation of the disease in the orbit and the other a secondary presentation on an already known systemic disease. Diagnosis was based on histopathology and bone marrow aspirates. Conclusion Mantle Cell Lymphoma is an aggressive orbital disease and may present with a rapidly progressive ptosis.
Orbital schwannomas in Pakistan
Authors: KIANI SA 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To highlight the frequency and types of origin of Orbital Schwannomas Methods Medical Record of all the patients with orbital tumours presenting between 2000‐2009 was analysed and records showing the histopathological diagnosis of Schwannoma were identified and studied further for type and origin of Schwannomas. Results A total of 432 patients with orbital tumours were found during last 10 years. Out of these, 10 patients were found to have Schwannomas (2.31%). Age ranged from 12 years to 50 years, while there was equal gender ratio. The commonest site of origin was roof of orbit. Six patients had origin from roof, three from intraconal region and one from floor of the orbit. Out of the tumours from roof, 5 took origin from supraorbital nerve and one from trochlear nerve involving the superior oblique muscle. The three intraconal tumours were most likely from ciliary nerves, while the one from floor was from infraorbital nerve. All the tumours except one was removed in toto. The only one where incision biopsy was taken was very close to optic nerve. Histopathologically, there were three rare variants ‐ ancient schwannomas, while the rest were classical schwannomas. There was no association of optic nerve tumours. Visual acuity was not disturbed by any of these. Conclusion Orbital Schwannomas constitute 2.31% of orbital tumours in Pakistan. The commonest origin is roof of orbit and ancient schwannomas constitute a rare variant.
Frosted branch angiitis: clinical case and follow‐up
Authors: PORTERO A , HERRERAS JM , LOPEZ MI , CARRENO E , GARCIA C , SALA A , VALVERDE C , VICENTE TIERNO N 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Frosted branch angiitis (FBA) is a disorder characterized by acute panuveitis with vasculitis. It is a rare disorder (just 60 cases worldwide published) which is slightly more frequent in males especially in the third decade of life. Methods a 28 year‐old female was admitted due to suspected meningitis associated to visual loss in both eyes (OU). One week before, she was diagnosed of bacterial tonsillitis and got several antibiotic drugs. The admitted patient started empirical treatment with: Ceftriaxone IVand Acyclovir IV. Lab test, serologies and CT scan did not disclose any abnormality. Latex agglutination test for Neisseria meningitidis was negative, however intracellular lised bacterias were seen through the microscope informed like compatible with that agent. The patient also presented decreased visual acuities(VA): right eye (OD) 20/200 and left eye (OS) 20/120 and panuveitis in OU. Funduscopically it was seen a frosted branch angiitis in OU. Due to her antibiotic and viral therapy, Prednisone 1mg/Kg PO was added. Three weeks after, the patient left the Hospital on Famciclovir 750mg QID, Ciclosporine 300mg daily and tapering Prednisone. Results One year later, the patient has 20/20 of VA in OU and is off of any treatment. Conclusion FBA may disclose three conditions: an infiltrating vessels by malignant cells, a sheathing vessels secondary to an active disorder or subsequently to a previous inflammation disease. This case may be included within that last term due to an aseptic meningitis by N. meningococcus. Recognition of what kind of FBA clinical sign is will be essential to establish one certain diagnosis and the subsequently treatment.
Prevalence of and risk factors for conjunctival bacterial colonisation in adult patients undergoing elective intraocular surgery
Authors: HALACHMI‐EYAL O , LANG Y , KENESS Y , BRISCOE D , MIRON D 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Bacterial colonization in the conjunctiva at the time of ocular surgery may be associated with post operative endophthalmitis. The aims of this study were to assess the risk factors for, and prevalence of bacterial colonization in the conjunctiva of adults undergoing elective intraocular surgery Methods A prospective study was conducted in the Ophthalmology Department at the ‘Emek’ Medical Center, between May 1,2006 and August 31,2007. Conjunctival cultures were obtained from the lower fornix, prior to the application of prophylactic treatment and were processed using routine techniques. Demographic, socioeconomic and medical data of our patient cohort were obtained from all participants Results Cultures were obtained from 501 patients (mean age 69.7 years), of whom bacteria grew in 203(40.5%). Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CNS) was the most prevalent bacteria isolated in 170 (34%) of the patients, followed by Streptococcus viridans and methicillin sensitive Stapylococcus aureus (2.8% each). In 175(35%) of the patients one type of bacteria was detected whereas more than one bacteria were detected in 28(5.5%). Independent risk factors for any bacterial growth were showering in the operating day (OR=1.70) and spring/summer seasons (OR=1.54). Preoperative showering (OR=1.76), spring/summer seasons (OR=1.55) and lack of formal education (OR=1.62), were significant independent risk factors for mixed‐type of bacterial growth in culture Conclusion Bacterial growth in culture was detected in 40% of the patients of which CNS was the most prevalent bacteria. Showering and warm weather at the operating day were significant risk factors associated with one or more types of bacterial growth.