bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quantitative assessment of Geant4 for predicting the yield and distribution of positron-emitting fragments in ion beam therapy
Authors: Chacon Andrew , Rutherford Harley , Hamato Akram , Nitta Munetaka , Nishikido Fumihiko , Iwao Yuma , Tashima Hideaki , Yoshida Eiji , Akamatsu Go , Takyu Sodai , Kang Han Gyu , Franklin Daniel R , Parodi Katia , Yamaya Taiga , Rosenfeld Anatoly , Guatelli Susanna , Safavi-Naeini Mitra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. To compare the accuracy with which different hadronic inelastic physics models across ten Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit versions can predict positron-emitting fragments produced along the beam path during carbon and oxygen ion therapy. Approach. Phantoms of polyethylene, gelatin, or poly(methyl methacrylate) were irradiated with monoenergetic carbon and oxygen ion beams. Post-irradiation, 4D PET images were acquired and parent 11C, 10C and 15O radionuclides contributions in each voxel were determined from the extracted time activity curves. Next, the experimental configurations were simulated in Geant4 Monte Carlo versions 10.0 to 11.1, with three different fragmentation models—binary ion cascade (BIC), quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) and the Liege intranuclear cascade (INCL++) - 30 model-version combinations. Total positron annihilation and parent isotope production yields predicted by each simulation were compared between simulations and experiments using normalised mean squared error and Pearson cross-correlation coefficient. Finally, we compared the depth of the maximum positron annihilation yield and the distal point at which the positron yield decreases to 50% of peak between each model and the experimental results. Main results. Performance varied considerably across versions and models, with no one version/model combination providing the best prediction of all positron-emitting fragments in all evaluated target materials and irradiation conditions. BIC in Geant4 10.2 provided the best overall agreement with experimental results in the largest number of test cases. QMD consistently provided the best estimates of both the depth of peak positron yield (10.4 and 10.6) and the distal 50%-of-peak point (10.2), while BIC also performed well and INCL generally performed the worst across most Geant4 versions. Significance. The best predictions of the spatial distribution of positron annihilations and positron-emitting fragment production along the beam path during carbon and oxygen ion therapy was obtained using Geant4 10.2.p03 with BIC or QMD. These version/model combinations are recommended for future heavy ion therapy research.
Enhancing efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cell through optimized optical and electrical properties with Bi-layer absorber
Authors: Chaudhary Pooja , Chauhan R K , Mishra Rajan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, an innovative solar cell utilizing antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) as a base material and incorporating a dual absorber layer is comprehensively examined using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) tool. The aim is to assess the performance of the solar cell with different absorber layers in combination with Sb2Se3. Results demonstrate that the solar cell employing an organic CH3NH3SnI3 absorber layer alongside Sb2Se3 achieves superior efficiency compared to one with an inorganic CZTS absorber layer. The two absorber layers investigated are the inorganic Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS) and the organic methylammonium tin iodide (CH3NH3SnI3 The dual absorber layer configuration proves advantageous by enhancing light absorption. The solar cell architecture comprises ZnO/i-ZnO/Sb2Se3/CZTS or CH3NH3SnI3/NiO layers, resulting in an improved efficiency of up to 36.70%. Throughout the analysis, parameters such as concentration, band gap, thickness, and temperature are systematically adjusted to evaluate the behavior of this unique solar cell structure. The findings from the study indicate a noticeable enhancement in the performance of Sb2Se3 solar cells when employing the bilayer absorber structure comprising Sb2Se3 and CH3NH3SnI3.
Simulation of non-resonant high-order harmonics energetic particle modes in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Liu Sheng , Ren Zhenzhen , Yang Jinhong , Ning Hongwei , Xiao Zheng , Wang Weihua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Based on the parameters of the HL-2A experiment, the effect of energetic particles (EPs) on non-resonant high-order harmonics energetic particle modes (EPMs) with q
min>1 is investigated in the present work. Hybrid kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic nonlinear code M3D-K is performed to simulate the linear properties and the nonlinear evolution of the non-resonant EPM during neutral beam injection (NBI). To deeply understand the physical mechanism of interaction resonant between energetic-ions and non-resonant EPM, this work compares the effects of passing energetic particles and trapped energetic particles on the non-resonant EPM instabilities. It is numerically identified that EPs’ effects on high n harmonics (m/n = 2/2, 3/3, 4/4) instability are more obvious than the m/n = 1/1 mode. Furthermore, the effects of energetic particles injection energy, the minimum safety factor q
min , toroidal rotation and beam ion distribution on the features of high n harmonics are also investigated specifically. Toroidal rotation is found to suppress high n harmonics, which is more obvious for the modes driven by trapped particles. Nonlinear simulation results show that these non-resonant high n harmonics can induce larger energetic ion transport, which may affect the plasma confinement performance.
Empirical tight-binding method for large-supercell simulations of disordered semiconductor alloys
Authors: Phan Anh-Luan , Pecchia Alessandro , Di Vito Alessia , Auf der Maur Matthias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We analyze and present applications of a recently proposed empirical tight-binding scheme for investigating the effects of alloy disorder on various electronic and optical properties of semiconductor alloys, such as the band gap variation, the localization of charge carriers, and the optical transitions. The results for a typical antimony-containing III-V alloy, GaAsSb, show that the new scheme greatly improves the accuracy in reproducing the experimental alloy band gaps compared to other widely used schemes. The atomistic nature of the empirical tight-binding approach paired with a reliable parameterization enables more detailed physical insights into the effects of disorder in alloyed materials.
The BT-SAM-Net: a new framework of end-to-end periodic time-series fault diagnosis for aero-pipelines systems
Authors: Yang Tongguang , Dang Zhonghua , Duan Yicheng , Li Kaitai , Huang Xingyuan , Han Qingkai , Yu Xiaoguang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Accurate recognition of aero-engine pipeline faults is of great significance for engine maintenance costs and downtime. Pipeline signals have a strong periodic time series correlation under strong pump source pressure pulsation stimulation. However, very few studies have considered the correlation of features at pulsation period time points. Additionally, it is challenging to realize intelligent fault diagnosis of weak characteristics of pipeline faults due to the influence of vibration-noise coupling of aero-engines. The time information feature extraction model combined with self-attention mechanism (BT-SAM-Net), a newly created fault detection framework end-to-end time-series and anti-noise, is presented for the aero-pipeline in order to close the aforementioned research gaps. The primary goal of the proposed framework is to accomplish intelligent classification tasks by using the measured aero-pipeline raw data as the model input. Firstly, a two-way time series information fusion model is creatively designed, which is the first attempt to analyze the difference in time series correlation characteristics of faults for aero-pipelines. Secondly, The BT-SAM-Net framework incorporates the self-attention mechanism as an optimization tool to enhance the ultimate decision-making accuracy of the framework. Thirdly, the BT-SAM-Net framework was compared with 7 other methods. The results show the superiority and stability by demonstrating the BT-SAM-Net framework can identify various aero-pipeline fault states with greater accuracy.
Influence of a static electric field on a one-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixture confined in a double-well potential
Authors: Avella R , Nisperuza J , Rubio J P , Grajales D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we conducted a detailed investigation into the time evolution of the probability density within a 1D double-well potential hosting a Bose-Fermi mixture. This system comprised spinless bosons and spin one-half fermions with weak repulsive contact interactions. Notably, even at very low effective coupling constants, periodic probabilities were observed, indicating correlated tunneling of both bosons and fermions, leading to complete miscibility, which disappears when an external electric field is turned on. The electric field accentuated fermion-fermion interactions due to the Pauli exclusion principle, altering both boson density and interactions and leading to spatial redistribution of particles. These findings underscore the complex interplay between interactions, external fields, and spatial distributions within confined quantum systems. Our exploration of higher interaction strengths revealed conditions under which probability density functions are decoupled. Furthermore, we observed that increased fermion interaction, driven by the electric field, led to higher tunneling frequencies for both species because of the repulsive nature of the boson-fermion interaction. Conversely, increased boson-boson interaction resulted in complete tunneling of both species, especially when boson density was high, leading to effective fermion repulsion. Expanding our analysis to scenarios involving four bosons demonstrated that higher interaction values corresponded to increased oscillation frequencies in tunneling probabilities. Finally, by manipulating interaction parameters and activating the electric field, we achieved complete tunneling of both species, further increasing oscillation frequencies and resulting in intervals characterized by overlapping probability functions.
Feasibility of endovascular stimulation of the femoral nerve using a stent-mounted electrode array
Authors: Liu JingYang , Grayden David B , Keast Janet R , Booth Lindsea C , May Clive N , John Sam E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves has long been a treatment option to restore impaired neural functions that cannot be restored by conventional pharmacological therapies. Endovascular neurostimulation with stent-mounted electrode arrays is a promising and less invasive alternative to traditional implanted electrodes, which typically require invasive implantation surgery. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of endovascular stimulation of the femoral nerve using a stent-mounted electrode array and compared its performance to that of a commercially available pacing catheter. Approach. In acute animal experiments, a pacing catheter was implanted unilaterally in the femoral artery to stimulate the femoral nerve in a bipolar configuration. Electromyogram of the quadriceps and electroneurogram of a distal branch of the femoral nerve were recorded. After retrieval of the pacing catheter, a bipolar stent-mounted electrode array was implanted in the same artery and the recording sessions were repeated. Main Results. Stimulation of the femoral nerve was feasible with the stent-electrode array. Although the threshold stimulus intensities required with the stent-mounted electrode array (at 100–500 µs increasing pulse width, 2.17 ± 0.87 mA–1.00 ± 0.11 mA) were more than two times higher than the pacing catheter electrodes (1.05 ± 0.48 mA–0.57 ± 0.28 mA), we demonstrated that, by reducing the stimulus pulse width to 100 µs, the threshold charge per phase and charge density can be reduced to 0.22 ± 0.09 µC and 24.62 ± 9.81 µC cm−2, which were below the tissue-damaging limit, as defined by the Shannon criteria. Significance. The present study is the first to report in vivo feasibility and efficiency of peripheral nerve stimulation using an endovascular stent-mounted electrode array.
Bayesian estimation of group event-related potential components (BEGEP): testing a model for synthetic and real datasets
Authors: Ponomarev Valery A , Kropotov Jury D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. The spatial resolution of event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded on the head surface is quite low, since the sensors located on the scalp register mixtures of signals from several cortical sources. Bayesian models for multi-channel ERPs obtained from a group of subjects under multiple task conditions can aid in recovering signals from these sources. Approach. This study introduces a novel model that captures several important characteristics of ERP, including person-to-person variability in the magnitude and latency of source signals. Furthermore, the model takes into account that ERP noise, the main source of which is the background electroencephalogram, has the following properties: it is spatially correlated, spatially heterogeneous, and varies over time and from person to person. Bayesian inference algorithms have been developed to estimate the parameters of this model, and their performance has been evaluated through extensive experiments using synthetic data and real ERPs records in a large number of subjects (N = 351). Main results. The signal estimates obtained using these algorithms were compared with the results of the analysis of ERPs by conventional methods. This comparison showed that the use of this model is suitable for the analysis of ERPs and helps to reveal some features of source signals that are difficult to observe in their mixture signals recorded on the scalp. Significance. This study shown that the proposed method is a potentially useful tool for analyzing ERPs collected from groups of subjects in various cognitive neuroscience experiments.
Energy demand and savings opportunities in the supply of limestone and olivine-rich rocks for geochemical carbon dioxide removal
Authors: Marco Serena De , Caserini Stefano , Amann Thorben , Grosso Mario 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The large-scale implementation of geochemical Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) approaches such as Enhanced Weathering (EW) and Ocean Liming (OL) will require the extraction and processing of large amounts of limestone and olivine-rich rocks. Based on a literature review, surface mining, comminution, their related sub-stages, and long-haul transportation have carefully been surveyed to elucidate the order of magnitude of the energy demand, the technical challenges posed by each operation, and the potential energy-savings achievable by applying opportune strategies. This work confirms the significant energy-saving opportunities in fine and ultrafine grinding (one of the most energy-consuming activities along the raw material supply chain) as underlined by previous studies, and, in addition, it focuses on limestone and olivine-rich rocks providing new outcomes, it analyses data from a climate change perspective and extends calculations and discussion to transportation. The results show that the implementation of energy-saving strategies (cutting-edge energy efficiency solutions and best practices) to comminute such materials for OL and EW purposes in the near-medium term (2025–2050) would reduce the average electricity demand by 33%–65% in case of low carbon removal target (up to 27 MtC yr−1) and substantial energy efficiency improvement, and by 33%–36% in case of high carbon removal target (up to 69 MtC yr−1) and poor energy efficiency improvement.
Decreased thrombospondin-1 impairs endometrial stromal decidualization in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Hu Jianing , Qin Chuanmei , Xu Yichi , Liu Xueqing , Wei Xiaowei , Wu Jiayi , Zhao Xiaomiao , Chen Cailian , Lin Yi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Inappropriate endometrial stromal decidualization has been implied as an important reason of many pregnancy-related complications, such as unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Here, we observed that thrombospondin-1, an adhesive glycoprotein, was significantly downregulated in endometrial decidual cells from patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. The immortalized human endometrial stromal cell line was used to investigate the possible THBS1-mediated regulation of decidualization. In vitro experiments found that the expression level of THBS1 increased with the normal decidualization process. Knockdown of THBS1 could decrease the expression levels of prolactin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, two acknowledged human decidualization markers, whereas THBS1 overexpression could reverse these effects. The RNA sequencing results demonstrated that the extracellular regulated protein kinases signaling pathway was potentially affected by the knockdown of THBS1. We further confirmed that the regulation of THBS1 on decidualization was achieved through the ERK signaling pathway by the treatment of inhibitors. Moreover, knockdown of THBS1 in pregnant mice could impair decidualization and result in an increased fetus resorption rate. Altogether, our study demonstrated a crucial role of THBS1 in the pathophysiological process of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and provided some new insights into the research of pregnancy-related complications.
A Bayesian semi-parametric model for learning biomarker trajectories and changepoints in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Kunbo , Hua William , Wang MeiCheng , Xu Yanxun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It has become consensus that mild cognitive impairment (MCI), one of the early symptoms onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), may appear 10 or more years after the emergence of neuropathological abnormalities. Therefore, understanding the progression of AD biomarkers and uncovering when brain alterations begin in the preclinical stage, while patients are still cognitively normal, are crucial for effective early detection and therapeutic development. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian semiparametric framework that jointly models the longitudinal trajectory of the AD biomarker with a changepoint relative to the occurrence of symptoms onset, which is subject to left truncation and right censoring, in a heterogeneous population. Furthermore, unlike most existing methods assuming that everyone in the considered population will eventually develop the disease, our approach accounts for the possibility that some individuals may never experience MCI or AD, even after a long follow-up time. We evaluate the proposed model through simulation studies and demonstrate its clinical utility by examining an important AD biomarker, ptau181, using a dataset from the Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline Among Normal Individuals (BIOCARD) study.
248 MITICA - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE (AS) VS IMMEDIATE SURGERY (IS) FOR PAPILLARY THYROID MICROCARCINOMA (PTMC)
Authors: Crocco A , Schettino C , D’Anna R , Casolino C , Arenare L , Panariello I , D’Angelo R , Matacena M , Perrone F , Pezzullo L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Limited data are available on the impact on quality of life (QoL) of AS, that is an alternative to IS given the low risk of mortality and recurrence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma PTMCs.

Methods
To study the impact on QoL we aimed to randomize PTMC patients 1:1 to AS or IS, allowing to those refusing randomization to choose AS or IS within two observational cohorts. Primary endpoint was QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30), but also anxiety/depression (HADS), and safety (CTCAE v 5.0 and PRO- CTCAE questionnaire) were assessed. Forty randomized patients were required.

Results
From April 2016 to March 2023, 70 patients were enrolled at one center, but only 4 accepted randomizations. Results are descriptive only. Among 30 AS pts, 4 underwent delayed surgery due to progressive disease (1 case) or anxiety (3 cases). Pts were mainly female (58/70; 83%), median age was 52yrs (IQR 46-61) in AS and 37yrs (IQR 30-46) in IS. Median tumor diameter was 8 and 10 mm in AS and IS, respectively. Cardiovascular comorbidity was reported in 3 AS pts vs none in IS. After treatment choice, baseline PRO-CTCAE, QoL and HADS showed some statistically significant differences between patients choosing AS or IS: those choosing AS had less problems of concentration, less headache, less anxiety, less depression, better scores of cognitive emotional, role and social functioning scales, less fatigue, and less sleeping disturbance.

Conclusions
The MITICA randomized trial failed, but available data suggest that the choice of undergoing IS for PTMC may be associated with immediate worsening of QoL.
81 INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR EARLY SUPPLEMENTATION THERAPY AFTER HEMITHYROIDECTOMY FOR BENIGN CONDITIONS IN EUROPE
Authors: Del Moral J Villar , Arcelus Martínez J I , Becerra Massare A , Muñoz Pérez N , Arteaga Ledesma M , Acosta Gallardo C , Mohamed Chairi M H , Olvera-Porcel M C , Martínez-Santos C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The incidence and risk factors of hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy (HT) remain poorly defined. Regarding its treatment, national or local policies can influence on early (first visit) prescription of replacement therapy (EPRT). Our aim was to know EPRT rates after HT in Europe and what factors can impact on this decision.

Methods
Retrospective multicentric Eurocrine©-based study focused on patients undergoing HT. Exclusion criteria: cancer in pathological report, and posterior completion thyroidectomy. Analyzed variables include the country and epidemiological, clinical, surgical, pathological and follow-up data. Dependent variable was EPRT or not at first visit, 30-45 days after surgery. The relationship among qualitative variables and the likelihood to receive EPRT were tested with Chi-square or Fisher tests. A predictive multivariate logistic regression model for relevant independent variables was used.

Results
13,606 patients undergoing HT due to benign conditions between 2015 and 2022 were included. Median age was 52.5 years, and 78% were females. The most frequent indications were excluding malignancy (55%) and compressive symptoms (37%). Overall, 4,580 (33.6%) received EPRT, with a large variability among countries, ranging from 8.6 to 97%. Emerging risk factors for EPRT from multivariate model included younger age, malignancy and thyrotoxicosis as surgical indications, Bethesda III as cytology results, a shorter operation time, a heavier surgical specimen, thyroiditis in pathological report, and country where HT was done.

Conclusions
One third of patients undergoing HT needed EPRT. That prescription is more prone facing younger patients, malignancy and thyrotoxicosis as surgical indications, Bethesda III cytology, and thyroiditis in pathological report. In addition to those features, also country matters.