bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of reaction of curium oxy-compound formation in molten chlorides
Authors: Osipenko A. G. , Mayorshin A. A. , Bychkov A. V. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The method of potentiometric titration using oxygen sensors with solid electrolyte membrane was applied to study the interaction of curium cations with oxygen anions in the molten alkali metal chlorides in the temperature range of 450–850 °C depending on oxy-acidity of melt. Assumptions were made concerning the ion and phase composition of the obtained compounds and the chemical reactions that take place in the melts at high temperature. Basic thermodynamic values were calculated for the resultant curium oxy-compounds.
Extraction behaviour of actinides and lanthanides in TALSPEAK, TRUEX and NPEX processes of UREX+
Authors: Gelis A. V. , Vandegrift Georg F. , Bakel Allen , Bowers Delbert L. , Hebden Andrew S. , Pereira Candido , Regalbuto Monica 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Bench-scale studies to determine the extraction behavior of Pu, Np, Am and lanthanides with the organophosphorus extractants TBP, CMPO and HDEHP have been carried out. Based on the results obtained using actual spent nuclear fuel solutions, enhancements to the NPEX, TRUEX and TALSPEAK processes have been successful. In NPEX, >99.94% of both Np and Pu were separated from the fission products. In TRUEX, essentially complete recovery of the actinides (An) and the lanthanides (Ln) was achieved. In TALSPEAK, the complete separation of Pu, Np and Am from the lanthanides was demonstrated several times under various process conditions. The recovery of transuranics (TRU), including Am and Cm, is nearly 100% (below detection limit in the Ln stream), while the total recovery of Ln in the product stream exceeded 99.97%.
Solid phase precipitates in (Zr,Th)-OH-(oxalate, malonate) ternary aqueous system
Authors: Kobayashi Taishi , Sasaki Takayuki , Takagi I. , Moriyama Hirotake 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe solubility-limiting solid phases in the ternary aqueous systems of Zr(IV)/OH/oxalate, Zr(IV)/OH/malonate, Th(IV)/OH/oxalate and Th(IV)/OH/malonate were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The ternary solid phase of M(IV)/OH/carboxylate was observed to form, even under acidic conditions, depending on the pH and the concentration of carboxylate ligand. In the presence of a large excess of carboxylic acid, however; the binary M(IV)-carboxylate solid phase formed.
The adsorption of ammonia on polycrystalline thorium
Authors: Bishop A. J. , Carley A. F. , Roussel P. , Nevitt P. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The chemistry of the actinides has long been an area of great interest to many researchers, due to the unusual nature of the f-orbital electrons. Electron spectroscopies provide a useful means to study the electronic structure of the 5f states, and how they affect the interactions of the actinide elements with various molecules. In this study the interaction of ammonia with a polycrystalline thorium surface at two different temperatures has been investigated using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopic techniques. Exposure to ammonia at ambient temperature results in the formation of both nitride (Th-N) and NHx species, characterised by N1s photoemission peaks at 396.5 and 398.8 eV binding energy respectively, on the thorium surface. Exposure to ammonia at 100 K gives rise to an additional signal at 401.2 eV corresponding to physisorbed ammonia. Additional UPS results provided corroborating evidence for the effect of the surface temperature on the reaction with ammonia.
Unveiling the history of seized plutonium through nuclear forensic investigations
Authors: Mayer Klaus , Wallenius Maria , Hedberg M. , Lützenkirchen Klaus 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Illicit incidents involving nuclear or other radioactive materials and the threat of nuclear terrorism are reasons for serious concern. Since 1993 more than 1300 incidents have been reported to the IAEA Illicit Trafficking Database. Only a small number of cases involve plutonium or plutonium containing materials. However, these cases are attributed particular attention in view of the proliferation aspects and of the radiotoxicity associated with plutonium. Efforts focus on prevention, detection and response to cases of illicit trafficking of nuclear material. If the place of theft or diversion of the material can be identified, then measures of safeguards and physical protection can be implemented to prevent future thefts.
Nuclear Forensic Science aims at providing clues on the origin and intended use of nuclear or other radioactive material involved in illicit incidents. The paper provides a brief description of the nuclear forensic methodology and describes in detail the challenges associated with age determination of plutonium materials.
Passive Integrated Transponder Tag Retention Rates in Headwater Populations of Coastal Cutthroat Trout
Authors: Bateman Douglas S. , Gresswell Robert E. , Berger Aaron M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags have desirable qualities (e.g., unique identification, indefinite tag life, and capacity for remote detection) that make them useful for evaluating survival, growth, and movement of fish, but low tag retention rates can confound data interpretation. Although the effects of PIT tags on short-term growth and survival have been minimal and tag retention rates in laboratory and field studies using only juvenile individuals have been high, tag retention rates for fish at different ontological stages (including reproductively active males and females) remain unknown. We evaluated tag retention rates in wild populations of coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii in three catchments of western Oregon using a double-marking approach (i.e., the adipose fin was removed from all fish that were PIT-tagged). Tags were inserted into the body cavities of fish 100 mm or more in length (fork length; range = 100–250 mm). In the study catchments, this size range includes both juvenile and mature fish. Tag retention rates were approximately 25% lower than those reported by previous studies of juvenile salmonids alone. A number of PIT tags were recovered in redds, indicating that mature individuals eject tags during spawning. Although some coastal cutthroat trout retained PIT tags for up to 4 years, others expelled them repeatedly and were implanted with a minimum of three different PIT tags during the same period. These data are concordant with those of other studies in which PIT tags had been inserted into the body cavity of salmonids and the population of tagged fish comprised both juvenile and mature individuals. Therefore, for multiple-year studies, it may be prudent to double-mark fish when PIT tags are to be inserted in the body cavity.
The Effect of Forestry Roads on Access to Remote Fishing Lakes in Northern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hunt Len M. , Lester Nigel 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Lakes without road or vehicular trail access (i.e., remote lakes) are becoming increasingly scarce in North America. In the Boreal Shield, road construction for forestry operations is probably the prime factor affecting the scarcity of remote lakes. To assess the effects of forestry roads on lake access, this paper develops and tests a model that predicts the occurrence of road or vehicular trail access to lakes in northern Ontario. The results of a probit model support the hypothesis that increased forestry activity near lakes (as measured by road density within 1 km of the lake and the proximity of the lake to two-lane roads) results in increased likelihood of access. We also hypothesized that lake size, the presence of particular fish species, and the proximity of the lake to human communities would increase the likelihood of access. Except for no effect from the presence of trout Salvelinus species, the analyses supported these hypotheses. The predictive validity of the model was tested with holdout data from two other areas of northern Ontario. Strong support for the model was found from analyses of receiver operating characteristic curves for the two holdout data sets. Management scenarios from the model were used to illustrate the potential effects of forestry roads on access development to remote lakes. Our model predicts that in areas where forestry operations occur, development of access to lake shorelines will probably occur, especially on large-sized lakes containing walleyes Sander vitreus. Proactive management involving the closure of forestry roads is probably needed to retain remote lakes in areas with high levels of forestry activity.
Evaluation of Largemouth Bass Length Limits and Catch-and-Release Regulations, with Emphasis on the Incorporation of Biologists' Perceptions of Largemouth Bass Length Frequency Distributions
Authors: Radomski Paul , Anderson Charles S. , Page Kevin S. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A survey of fisheries biologists was used to assess changes in size structure of populations of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in relation to additional harvest regulations and to associate biologists' perceptions with various measures of length frequency changes. Biologists were presented with largemouth bass population data from regulated and control fisheries and then were asked to judge whether they perceived that the population size structure had improved over time. A blind survey approach was used (biologists did not know which populations received the additional regulations or which were control fisheries). We developed statistical models that include lake, regulation type, and biologist effects and compared them with traditional statistical analyses of regulation effectiveness. Based on perceptions of fisheries biologists about length frequency changes, 12-in maximum length limits and catch-and-release regulations were about four times more likely to improve the size structure than just reliance on standard bag limits (the regulation on control fisheries). Improvement in size structure substantially beyond a statistically significant change was often needed before a regulation was considered successful by fisheries biologists. Individuals differed in their propensity to see changes as improvements. The advantages and caveats of using biologists' perceptions as a component of regulation analyses were discussed. A similar approach using angler questionnaires may yield informative data on what constitutes an improved fishery.
Accumulation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine by the earthwormEisenia andreiin a sandy loam soil
Authors: Sarrazin Manon , Dodard Sabine G. , Savard Kathleen , Lachance Bernard , Robidoux Pierre Y. , Kuperman Roman G. , Hawari Jalal , Ampleman Guy , Thiboutot Sonia , Sunahara Geoffrey I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe heterocyclic polynitramine hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is a highly energetic compound found as a soil contaminant at some defense installations. Although RDX is not lethal to soil invertebrates at concentrations up to 10,000 mg/kg, it decreases earthworm cocoon formation and juvenile production at environmentally relevant concentrations found at contaminated sites. Very little is known about the uptake of RDX in earthworms and the potential risks for food-chain transfer of RDX in the environment. Toxicokinetic studies were conducted to quantify the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) using adult earthworms (Eisenia andrei) exposed for up to 14 d to sublethal concentrations of nonlabeled RDX or [14C]RDX in a Sassafras sandy loam soil. High-performance liquid chromatography of acetonitrile extracts of tissue and soil samples indicated that nonlabeled RDX can be accumulated by the earthworm in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The BAF, expressed as the earthworm tissue to soil concentration ratio, decreased from 6.7 to 0.1 when the nominal soil RDX concentrations were increased from 1 to 10,000 mg/kg. Tissue concentrations were comparable in earthworms exposed to nonlabeled RDX or [14C]RDX. The RDX bioaccumulation also was estimated using the kinetically derived model (BAFK), based on the ratio of the uptake to elimination rate constants. The established BAFK of 3.6 for [14C]RDX uptake was consistent with the results for nonlabeled RDX. Radioactivity also was present in the tissue residues of [14C]RDX-exposed earthworms following acetonitrile extraction, suggesting the formation of nonextractable [14C]RDX metabolites associated with tissue macromolecules. These findings demonstrated a net accumulation of RDX in the earthworm and the potential for food-chain transfer of RDX to higher-trophic-level receptors.
Soil-diffusive gradient in thin films partition coefficients estimate metal bioavailability to crops at fertilized field sites
Authors: Pérez Angela L. , Anderson Kim A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Field trials in four distinct agricultural soils were conducted to examine changes to total recoverable and labile soil Cd and Ni concentrations with applications of commercial phosphate fertilizers. The edible portion of wheat and potato crops grown at the field plots were analyzed for recoverable Cd and Ni. Total recoverable Ni and Cd concentrations in agricultural soils increased by 10 and 22%, respectively, each year of the study at recommended application rates. Labile Cd and Ni were measured using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), a passive sampling device reported to estimate the plant bioavailable metal fraction. Nickel concentrations measured with DGT did not significantly change with treatment nor did they change over time. Cadmium concentrations measured with DGT increased with application rate and over time from 2003 to 2005, then decreased in 2006. Wheat grain Cd concentrations and Cd and Ni levels in tubers increased significantly with fertilizer treatment level. Grain and tuber Cd values exceeded the minimal risk levels for chronic oral exposure. At agronomical P-fertilizer application rates, 25% of plant samples deviated from the Cd minimal risk levels. The present study reports the use of Kd-BIO, defined as the ratio of total recoverable metal to DGT measured metal, as a significant indicator of crop metal accumulation in the edible portion. The Kd-BIO values were well correlated with both grain and tuber concentrations over multiple growing seasons. Results from long-term field trials emphasize Kd-BIO as a dynamic term that provides risk characterization information about the fate of Cd and Ni in aged, fertilized agricultural soils and crops.
Chromatographic method for quick estimation of DNA interaction potency of environmental pollutants
Authors: Feng Yong-Lai , Lian Hong-Zhen , Liao Xiang-Jun , Zhu Ji-Ping 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The DNA interaction potency of a chemical has been defined in the present study as the degree of a chemical's ability to interact with DNA. An estimation method of such a potency has been established based on the peak reduction of an oligonucleotide probe resulting from its interaction with chemicals based on high-performance liquid chromatography. A DNA interaction potency equivalency (PEQ) also has been proposed to evaluate the relative interaction potency of test chemicals against benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, 10-epoxide (BPDE). Five known direct DNA interaction chemicals were employed to demonstrate the method. Two known inactive chemicals were used as negative controls. Both the potency and PEQ(50) values (PEQ of testing chemical at 50% of the probe peak reduction) of these five chemicals were determined as BPDE &gt; phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) &gt; tetrachlorohydroquinone (Cl4HQ) &gt; methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) &gt; styrene-7,8-oxide (SO). Among the reactive chemicals, MMS was found to break the oligonucleotide into smaller fragments, whereas BPDE, PGE, and SO form covalent adducts with the oligonucleotide. In the latter case, the formation of multi-chemical-oligonucleotide adducts also was observed by mass spectrometry. The method was employed to estimate the DNA interaction potency equivalency of diesel vehicle exhaust gas to demonstrate the applicability of this approach in evaluating the interaction potency of environmental pollutants in both gas and liquid phases.
Impact of Advances in Invasive Cardiology on Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Alsaddique Ahmed A 
Published: May 2009

Background:
There is a noticeable decline in the number of patients who undergo coronary artery revascularization procedures. The change is definite as it is reported by many centers around the world. This trend is of great concern to cardiac surgeons because of its impact on their practice, its adverse effect on training and the degree of uncertainty it throws into future of the specialty.

Methods:
The data of the cardiac catheterization laboratory at the King Fahad Cardiac Center in the period between 1986 and 2006 was examined looking at the changing pattern of management of patients who undergo cardiac catheterization.

Results:
In the early years, angioplasty was attempted in around 10% of patients leaving the rest for surgical consideration or medical therapy. Currently only 15% of patients who undergo selective coronary angiography are referred for surgery. The majority are offered angioplasty and stenting. The trend is towards more catheter-based interventions and less towards surgery.

Conclusions:
Our findings are in agreement with the general consensus about the specialty. Cardiac surgeons should perhaps consider acquiring new skills which may be outside the operating room. Adding catheter based intervention particularly in valves to cardiac surgery training would be a bonus for the future surgeons that will give them the necessary edge to meet the new challenges. It is incumbent on the leaders in the field to establish a clear strategy for the future.

Mini-Abstract:
Impact of advances in invasive cardiology on cardiac surgery, based on actual analysis of the pattern of referrals to surgery of over two decades.
Threshold (pro-)positions: Touch,Techné, Technics
Authors: Barker Stephen 
Published: May 2009

Touching on Nancy and Derrida offers a glimpse not only into the thesis both of Jean-Luc Nancy's critique of touch and of Derrida's Le Toucher, but also into the threshold of a technology of (the) sense to come. This glimpse is an interrogation, and one that is both historic and historical, in the sense that Derrida, in addressing Jean-Luc Nancy's work, has presented us with an encyclopedic history of touch in the philosophic tradition from Aristotle to Nancy, one in which what Derrida calls “transcendental archifacticity” is accorded its proper value, and within which any seeming anthropological privilege, as an inherent aspect of the Phenomenological Reduction is, as Derrida says, ‘overshadowed.’ Such an overshadowing is both strategic, in terms of a historical phenomenological project, and tactical, in Derrida's investigative sense: tactical in terms of implementation, manifestation, manipulation (i.e. through the application of the hand, manus) and in terms of tact, tactility; to which must be tacked on, à la Nancy, con-tact, ‘with touch,’ a ‘with-touch’ in which a béance, a gash or dash, opens out in-between, ‘at the very point’ to use Derrida's repeated specification, of bifurcation and of con-tact, at the junction point of the ‘spacing out’ of a laminated différance con-noting more than it has or had ever done in Derrida's work itself.*
Effects of physical and verbal aggression, depression, and anxiety on drinking behavior of married partners: a prospective and retrospective longitudinal examination
Authors: Keiley Margaret K. , Keller Peggy S. , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn an ethnically diverse sample of 195 married couples, we conducted a latent factor growth analysis to investigate the longitudinal link (4 time points over 4½ years) between marital aggression (physical and verbal aggression self‐ and partner‐reports) and individual internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety) as they relate to trajectories of alcohol use among husbands and wives. Alcohol use was operationalized as a latent factor with self‐ and partner reports of problem drinking as measured by the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and the Alcohol Dependence Scale. Verbal aggression by husbands or wives, by itself, has no effect on their alcohol use over time. In conjunction with depression, however, verbally aggressive husbands do have elevated drinking levels. The effects of husbands' and wives' physical aggression on their own and their partners' drinking behavior were also significant. This study is one of the first to examine the change over time in alcohol use for marital partners as related to marital aggression and internalizing symptoms. Our results shed light on areas of marital functioning (aggression, internalizing, alcohol use) that have not been investigated in conjunction with each other in a longitudinal design. Aggr. Behav. 35:296–312, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and Room‐Temperature Transport Properties of Zinc Blende and Wurtzite InAs Nanowires
Authors: Dayeh Shadi A. , Susac Darija , Kavanagh Karen L. , Yu Edward T. , Wang Deli 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHere, direct correlation between the microstructure of InAs nanowires (NWs) and their electronic transport behavior at room temperature is reported. Pure zinc blende (ZB) InAs NWs grown on SiO2/Si substrates are characterized by a rotational twin along their growth‐direction axis while wurtzite (WZ) InAs NWs grown on InAs (111)B substrates have numerous stacking faults perpendicular to their growth‐direction axis with small ZB segments. In transport measurements on back‐gate field‐effect transistors (FETs) fabricated from both types of NWs, significantly distinct subthreshold characteristics are observed (Ion/Ioff ∼ 2 for ZB NWs and ∼104 for WZ NWs) despite only a slight difference in their transport coefficients. This difference is attributed to spontaneous polarization charges at the WZ/ZB interfaces, which suppress carrier accumulation at the NW surface, thus enabling full depletion of the WZ NW FET channel. 2D Silvaco‐Atlas simulations are used for ZB and WZ channels to analyze subthreshold current flow, and it is found that a polarization charge density of ≥1013 cm−2 leads to good agreement with experimentally observed subthreshold characteristics for a WZ InAs NW given surface‐state densities in the 5 × 1011–5 × 1012 cm−2 range.