bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NONVOLATILE TASTE COMPOUNDS OF JIANGLUOBO (A TRADITIONAL CHINESE FERMENTED FOOD)
Authors: YOU XING‐YONG , XU YANG , HUANG ZHI‐BING , LI YAN‐PING 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Jiangluobo, an indigenous fermented food, is currently available in south China for use as food and food‐flavoring materials. The nonvolatile components were studied by high performance liquid chromatography. Their taste impacts were evaluated by taste active values (TAVs) and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) methods. Compared with salted radish, Jiangluobo was high in contents of carbohydrate, crude protein and crude fat. Glucose, xylose and fructose were detected in Jiangluobo and total amounts of sugars were 148.95 mg/g dry weight. The total free amino acids content of Jiangluobo was 22.42 mg/g dry weight and monosodium glutamate (MSG)‐like components was high (8.10 mg/g dry weight). The contents of flavor 5′‐nucleotides were also high in Jiangluobo (105.47 mg/100 g dry weight). Glucose, xylose, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and disodium 5′‐guanosine monophosphate (GMP) were of high TAVs (greater than one), and they had strong taste impacts on the flavor of Jiangluobo. The EUC was 116.81 g MSG/100 g Jiangluobo, which meant that the umami taste of the Jiangluobo was very intense. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Jiangluobo is one of the most important traditional fermented foods in south China, and its important quality aspects are nonvolatile components. The nonvolatile taste components are of great significance for further development of its processing into high quality consumer products. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the nonvolatile taste composition and evaluate their taste impacts by taste active values and equivalent umami concentration methods. The information obtained from this study could be used as a guideline for optimizing the process conditions to control the quality of Jiangluobo.
DELIGITIMIZATION OF MENTAL HEALTH MYTHS OF NEW REMOTE MINING COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Neil C. C. , Brealey T. B. , Jones J. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper uses existing empirical data to test current hypotheses concerning social correlates of mental disturbance in new remote mining towns in the Pilbara region of northern Australia. It concludes that differences in the social systems between these towns and other Australian towns, and to some extent differences between each other, are great enough to invalidate direct extrapolation from studies elsewhere to the Pilbara. It emphasizes the need to explore the social processes observed elsewhere to link mental illness and social circumstances in the context of the constraints and opportunities influencing the operation of these processes in the Pilbara.
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND MORTALITY: A BRISBANE AREA ANALYSIS
Authors: Siskind V. , Copeman R. , Najman J.M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFor the purposes of an area analysis of social class and mortality (from 1976 to 1979) Brisbane City was partitioned into five strata with roughly equal populations ranked on the basis of a socioeconomic suburb score derived from aggregate census data. Deaths by suburb, age, sex and cause were available from annual computerised mortality files and population age and sex distributions were computed from census statistics and inter‐censal estimates. Mortality rates were found to be higher in lower‐ranking strata overall, and for circulatory, external (such as accidental) and respiratory causes but not for neoplasms other than lung cancer. The implications of these results are discussed.
INFANT MORTALITY IN SOCIOECONOMICALLY ADVANTAGED AND DISADVANTAGED AREAS OF BRISBANE
Authors: Siskind V. , Najman J.M. , Copeman R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractProblems in defining social class and its relationship to health are discussed and the results of a study of infant mortality from 1976 to 1979 in socioeconomically ranked suburbs of Brisbane are presented. The ranking is according to a score developed from aggregate suburb data gathered at the 1976 and 1981 censuses; the population at risk was ascertained from published annual suburb birth figures, and numbers of death by suburb, age and cause, from computerised mortality files. Significantly higher mortality rates in lower ranking suburbs were observed. Possible explanations for, and implications of, the findings are discussed.
ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS: THE PREVENTION PARADOXES
Authors: Saunders Bill 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper asks what prevents the prevention of alcohol and drug use problems. Five prevention paradoxes can be identified, all of which may well be interfering with our attempts to reduce the problems associated with drug use. Drug problem preventers should be aware of these paradoxes and, thus, be able to avoid becoming ensnared by them.
THE ORIFICE REVISITED: WOMEN IN GYNAECOLOGICAL TEXTS
Authors: Koutroulis Glenda 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA content analysis was carried out on obstetric and gynaecological textbooks recommended for medical students at four Australian universities. The texts were read for a hidden curriculum of sexist ideology.This study is a partial replication of a study carried out by Scully and Bart in the United States eighteen years ago. The findings of Scully and Bart demonstrated that obstetric and gynaecological texts contained outdated and erroneous views about women's sexuality and portrayed women in stereotyped roles.It was anticipated that institutionalized changes may have occurred since the time that Scully and Bart carried out their research and the texts would reflect this accordingly; particularly with the effect of the women's health movement which has been expressing dissatisfaction with the health care system.The findings of this research show that sexist ideology still pervades the obstetric and gynaecological texts, though to a lesser extent than eighteen years ago. There are some differences from what Scully and Bart discovered, but major similarities were found.The main difference between the results of this study and the findings of Scully and Bart, is that the majority of texts analysed here did not contain outdated and incorrect information about women's sexual response. For example, none of the texts refer to vaginal orgasm as the ‘mature’ response for women. The main similarity is that women's sexuality is still depicted with a heterosexual perspective, with marriage and mothering the ‘natural’ aspirations of all women.
WEIGHT AND PERCEPTIONS OF BODY IMAGE IN WOMEN AND MEN IN A SYDNEY SAMPLE
Authors: Craig Pippa L. , Caterson Ian D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUsing a modification of the distorting camera technique, 50 obese women (body mass index (BMI; kg/m2 35.1 ± 1.1), 40 obese men (BMI 38.2 ± 1.5) and their respective normal weight controls estimated their body size. The obese women, control women and obese men overestimated their body size, whilst control weight men were accurate. The control men were satisfied with their body size, control women less so and the obese were unsatisfied. Whilst the control women considered themselves overweight (BMI 26.7 ± 0.8 compared to actual BMI 23.1 ± 0.5, P < 0.001) their preferred and actual body sizes were identical. There were no differences between obese subjects and controls in the sizes they considered healthy and attractive. The accepted normal size range for a woman was lower than that accepted for men. Older men (both obese and normal weight) accepted larger sizes for women than younger men. These results show that the obese overestimated their body size and supports the notion that there is social pressure on women to strive towards a slimmer ideal, whilst overweight men are more accepted.
Basic Needs and its Critics
Authors: Ghai Dharam 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThis article considers the validity of some of the recent criticisms that have been levelled against the basic needs approach to development. These include the allegations that the approach lacks scientific rigour; is anti‐growth and consumption‐oriented; is a recipe for perpetuating economic backwardness, neglecting industry and favouring antiquated technology; is against the New International Economic Order; assumes away class and group conflicts and gives the impression that poverty elimination is all too easy. The article also considers other factors which may have contributed to the rising chorus of criticism directed against this approach.RESUMENLas necesidades básicas y sus críticosEste artículo considera la validez de algunas críticas recientes que se han alzado contra la manera de abordar el problema del desarrollo por parte de la estrategía de las necesidades básicas. He aquí algunas de las críticas que se le formulan: esta estrategia carece de rigor cientifico; impide el crecimiento y favorece el consumismo; sirve de receta para perpetuar el retraso económico, descuidando la industria y favoreciendo una tecnologia anticuada; está contra el Neuvo Orden Económico Internacional; vuelve la cara a los conflictos entre clases y grupos, además de dar la impresión de que la eliminación de la pobreza es un problema que se puede resolver en un par de días. El artículo contempla igualmente otros factores que pueden haber contribuido al considerable aumento de las críticas dirigidas contra esta teoría.RESUMEBesoins fondamentaux et ses détracteurssCet article considère la validité de quelques unes des récentes critiques dirigées contre les besoins fondamentaux comme méthode de développement. Ces crtitiques invoquent que la méthode manque de rigueur scientifique; est anti‐développement et orientée sur la consommation; est une recette pour perpétuer le retard économique, négliger l'industrie et favoriser une technologie dépassée ; va contre le nouvel ordre économique international; ignore les conflits de classes et de groupes; et donne l'impression que l'éradication de la pauvreté est par trop facile. Cet article examine aussi d'autres facteurs qui ont contribué à grossir le choeur des critiques de cette méthode.
Distribution ofLegionellaSpecies from Environmental Water Sources of Public Facilities and Genetic Diversity ofL. pneumophilaSerogroup 1 in South Korea
Authors: Lee Hae Kyung , Shim Jung Im , Kim Hye Eun , Yu Jae Yon , Kang Yeon Ho 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA total of 560Legionellaspecies were isolated from environmental water sources from public facilities from June to September 2008 throughout South Korea. The distribution ofLegionellaisolates was investigated according to geographical region, facility type, and sample type. The genetic diversity of 104 isolates ofLegionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 (sg 1) was analyzed by sequence-based typing (SBT).L. pneumophilawas distributed broadly throughout Korea, accounting for 85.0% of the isolates, andL. pneumophilasg 1 predominated in all of the public facilities except for the springs.Legionella anisaandLegionella bozemaniipredominated among non-L. pneumophilaspecies (48.1% and 21.0%, respectively). The second most dominant strain differed depending on the facility type:L. anisawas the second most dominant strain in the buildings (10.8%),L. pneumophilasg 5 in public baths (21.6%),L. pneumophilasg 6 in factories (12.0%), andL. pneumophilasg 7 in hospitals (13.1%). In the SBT analysis, 104L. pneumophilasg 1 isolates were differentiated into 26 sequence types (STs) and categorized into 3 clonal groups (CGs) and 10 singleton STs via the eBURST V3 program. ST1, a potential founder of major CG1, was commonly distributed (48.1%). The dominant ST in hot water was ST-K1 (7, 12, 17, 3, 35, 11, 11), which was designated in this study (36.1%). The second most dominant strain differed depending on the type of facility from which the samples were obtained. The unique allelic profile of ST-K1, obtained from hot water, was not found in the European Working Group forLegionellaInfections (EWGLI) SBT database.
Prevalence of ColE1-Like Plasmids and Kanamycin Resistance Genes in
Salmonella enterica
Serovars
Authors: Chen Chin-Yi , Lindsey Rebecca L. , Strobaugh Terence P. , Frye Jonathan G. , Meinersmann Richard J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Multi-antimicrobial-resistant
Salmonella enterica
strains frequently carry resistance genes on plasmids. Recent studies focus heavily on large conjugative plasmids, and the role that small plasmids play in resistance gene transfer is largely unknown. To expand our previous studies in assessing the prevalence of the isolates harboring ColE1-like plasmids carrying the
aph
gene responsible for kanamycin resistance (Kan
r
) phenotypes, 102 Kan
r
Salmonella
isolates collected through the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) in 2005 were screened by PCR using ColE1 primer sets. Thirty isolates were found to be positive for ColE1-like replicon. Plasmids from 23 isolates were able to propagate in
Escherichia coli
and were subjected to further characterization. Restriction mapping revealed three major plasmid groups found in three or more isolates, with each group consisting of two to three subtypes. The
aph
genes from the Kan
r
Salmonella
isolates were amplified by PCR, sequenced, and showed four different
aph(3′)-I
genes. The distribution of the ColE1 plasmid groups in association with the
aph
gene,
Salmonella
serovar, and isolate source demonstrated a strong linkage of the plasmid with
S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium DT104. Due to their high copy number and mobility, the ColE1-like plasmids may play a critical role in transmission of antibiotic resistance genes among enteric pathogens, and these findings warrant a close monitoring of this plasmid incompatibility group.
Exploring Mechanisms of Resistance to Respiratory Inhibitors in Field Strains of
Botrytis cinerea
, the Causal Agent of Gray Mold
Authors: Leroux Pierre , Gredt Michel , Leroch Michaela , Walker Anne-Sophie 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Respiratory inhibitors are among the fungicides most widely used for disease control on crops. Most are strobilurins and carboxamides, inhibiting the cytochrome
b
of mitochondrial complex III and the succinate dehydrogenase of mitochondrial complex II, respectively. A few years after the approval of these inhibitors for use on grapevines, field isolates of
Botrytis cinerea
, the causal agent of gray mold, resistant to one or both of these classes of fungicide were recovered in France and Germany. However, little was known about the mechanisms underlying this resistance in field populations of this fungus. Such knowledge could facilitate resistance risk assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of resistance occurring in
B. cinerea
populations. Highly specific resistance to strobilurins was correlated with a single mutation of the
cytb
target gene. Changes in its intronic structure may also have occurred due to an evolutionary process controlling selection for resistance. Specific resistance to carboxamides was identified for six phenotypes, with various patterns of resistance levels and cross-resistance. Several mutations specific to
B. cinerea
were identified within the
sdhB
and
sdhD
genes encoding the iron-sulfur protein and an anchor protein of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. Another as-yet-uncharacterized mechanism of resistance was also recorded. In addition to target site resistance mechanisms, multidrug resistance, linked to the overexpression of membrane transporters, was identified in strains with low to moderate resistance to several respiratory inhibitors. This diversity of resistance mechanisms makes resistance management difficult and must be taken into account when developing strategies for
Botrytis
control.
Diversity of Monomers in Nonribosomal Peptides: towards the Prediction of Origin and Biological Activity
Authors: Caboche Ségolène , Leclère Valérie , Pupin Maude , Kucherov Gregory , Jacques Philippe 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTNonribosomal peptides (NRPs) are molecules produced by microorganisms that have a broad spectrum of biological activities and pharmaceutical applications (e.g., antibiotic, immunomodulating, and antitumor activities). One particularity of the NRPs is the biodiversity of their monomers, extending far beyond the 20 proteogenic amino acid residues. Norine, a comprehensive database of NRPs, allowed us to review for the first time the main characteristics of the NRPs and especially their monomer biodiversity. Our analysis highlighted a significant similarity relationship between NRPs synthesized by bacteria and those isolated from metazoa, especially from sponges, supporting the hypothesis that some NRPs isolated from sponges are actually synthesized by symbiotic bacteria rather than by the sponges themselves. A comparison of peptide monomeric compositions as a function of biological activity showed that some monomers are specific to a class of activities. An analysis of the monomer compositions of peptide products predicted from genomic information (metagenomics and high-throughput genome sequencing) or of new peptides detected by mass spectrometry analysis applied to a culture supernatant can provide indications of the origin of a peptide and/or its biological activity.
Bright Mutants ofVibrio fischeriES114 Reveal Conditions and Regulators That Control Bioluminescence and Expression of theluxOperon
Authors: Lyell Noreen L. , Dunn Anne K. , Bose Jeffrey L. , Stabb Eric V. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTVibrio fischeriES114, an isolate from theEuprymna scolopeslight organ, produces little bioluminescence in culture but is ∼1,000-fold brighter when colonizing the host. Cell-density-dependent regulation alone cannot explain this phenomenon, because cells within colonies on solid medium are much dimmer than symbiotic cells despite their similar cell densities. To better understand this low luminescence in culture, we screened ∼20,000 mini-Tn5mutants of ES114 for increased luminescence and identified 28 independent “luminescence-up” mutants with insertions in 14 loci. Mutations affecting the Pst phosphate uptake system led to the discovery that luminescence is upregulated under low-phosphate conditions by PhoB, and we also found thatainS, which encodes an autoinducer synthase, mediates repression of luminescence during growth on plates. Other novel luminescence-up mutants had insertions inacnB,topA,tfoY,phoQ,guaB, and two specific tRNA genes. Two loci,hnsandlonA, were previously described as repressors of bioluminescence in transgenicEscherichia colicarrying the light-generatingluxgenes, and mutations inarcAandarcBwere consistent with our report that Arc represseslux.Our results reveal a complex regulatory web governing luminescence and show how certain environmental conditions are integrated into regulation of the pheromone-dependentluxsystem.
A Multitask ATPase Serving Different ABC-Type Sugar Importers in
Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Ferreira Mário José , Sá-Nogueira Isabel de 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Bacillus subtilis
is able to utilize arabinopolysaccharides derived from plant biomass. Here, by combining genetic and physiological analyses we characterize the AraNPQ importer and identify primary and secondary transporters of
B. subtilis
involved in the uptake of arabinosaccharides. We show that the ABC-type importer AraNPQ is involved in the uptake of α-1,5-arabinooligosaccharides, at least up to four
l
-arabinosyl units. Although this system is the key transporter for α-1,5-arabinotriose and α-1,5-arabinotetraose, the results indicate that α-1,5-arabinobiose also is translocated by the secondary transporter AraE. This broad-specificity proton symporter is the major transporter for arabinose and also is accountable for the uptake of xylose and galactose. In addition, MsmX is shown to be the ATPase that energizes the incomplete AraNPQ importer. Furthermore, the results suggest the existence of at least one more unidentified MsmX-dependent ABC importer responsible for the uptake of nonlinear α-1,2- and α-1,3-arabinooligosaccharides. This study assigns MsmX as a multipurpose
B. subtilis
ATPase required to energize different saccharide transporters, the arabinooligosaccharide-specific AraNPQ-MsmX system, a putative MsmX-dependent ABC transporter specific for nonlinear arabinooligosaccharides, and the previously characterized maltodextrin-specific MdxEFG-MsmX system.
Safety and Efficacy of Pulmonary Vein Antral Isolation in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Patel Dimpi , Mohanty Prasant , Di Biase Luigi , Shaheen Mazen , Lewis William R. , Quan Kara , Cummings Jennifer E. , Wang Paul , Al-Ahmad Amin , Venkatraman Preeti , Nashawati Eyad , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Schweikert Robert , Horton Rodney , Sanchez Javier , Gallinghouse Joseph , Hao Steven , Beheiry Salwa , Cardinal Deb S. , Zagrodzky Jason , Canby Robert , Bailey Shane , Burkhardt J. David , Natale Andrea 
Published: August 2010

Background—
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be associated with pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) failure. The aim of the present study was to investigate if treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improved PVAI success rates.

Methods and Results—

From January 2004 to December 2007, 3000 consecutive patients underwent PVAI. Patients were screened for OSA and CPAP use. Six hundred forty (21.3%) patients had OSA. Patients with OSA had more procedural failures (
P
=0.024) and hematomas (
P
<0.001). Eight percent of the non-OSA paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients had nonpulmonary vein antrum triggers (non-PV triggers) and posterior wall firing versus 20% of the OSA group (
P
<0.001). Nineteen percent of the non-OSA nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation population had non-PV triggers versus 31% in the OSA group (
P
=0.001). At the end of the follow-up period (32±14 months), 79% of the non-CPAP and 68% of the CPAP group were free of atrial fibrillation (
P
=0.003). Not using CPAP in addition to having non-PV triggers strongly predicted procedural failure (hazard ratio, 8.81;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
OSA was an independent predictor for PVAI failure. Treatment with CPAP improved PVAI success rates. Patients not treated with CPAP in addition to having higher prevalence of non-PV triggers were 8 times more likely to fail the procedure.
YHWH’s Call for Israel’s ‘Return’: Command, Invitation, or Threat
Authors: Jacobs Mignon R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe call for Israel’s return to YHWH resounds in the prophetic text and utilizes various images to illustrate Israel’s and YHWH’s behaviors. These images depict the strained relationship between YHWH and Israel and the persistence of the Deity in maintaining the relationship. This study focuses on Hosea 11 and Amos 4 as examples of the call and distinct perspectives of the YHWH-Israel behavioral and relational dynamics. It looks at the place of the past, present, and future in the formulation of the call to return and offers conclusions about the implications of the analysis on the understanding of the YHWH-Israel relationship.
God as F(r)iend? Reading Luke 11:5-13 & 18:1-8 with a Hermeneutic of Suffering
Authors: Metzger James A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEmploying an optic grounded in suffering and foregrounding intertexts in which God is portrayed unfavorably, it is argued that in Luke 11:5-13 and 18:1-8 Jesus acknowledges a negative experience and conception of the deity among some of early Roman Palestine’s “poor ... captives ... blind ... [and] oppressed” (4:18-19). Jesus does not ask them to suppress their impressions of God or to align them with more traditional representations; rather, they are encouraged to remain in conversation with the deity and not to become discouraged or be afraid, even when their speech pushes beyond socially acceptable limits and becomes accusatory, contemptuous, blasphemous, or outright hostile. Indeed, Jesus recommends impudence and audacious tenacity before God, confident that such conduct will receive a hearing and a response.