bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of thermo‐responsive poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam)‐containing block copolymers by cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization
Authors: Hurtgen Marie , Liu Ji , Debuigne Antoine , Jerome Christine , Detrembleur Christophe 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThermo‐responsive block copolymers based on poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) have been prepared by cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) for the first time. The homopolymerization of NVCL was controlled by bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II) and a molecular weight as high as 46,000 g/mol could be reached with a low polydispersity. The polymerization of NVCL was also initiated from a poly(vinyl acetate)‐Co(acac)2 (PVAc‐Co(acac)2) macroinitiator to yield well‐defined PVAc‐b‐PNVCL block copolymers with a low polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.1) up to high molecular weights (Mn = 87,000 g/mol), which constitutes a significant improvement over other techniques. The amphiphilic PVAc‐b‐PNVCL copolymers were hydrolyzed into unprecedented double hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol)‐b‐PNVCL (PVOH‐b‐PNVCL) copolymers and their temperature‐dependent solution behavior was studied by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering. Finally, the so‐called cobalt‐mediated radical coupling (CMRC) reaction was implemented to PVAc‐b‐PNVCL‐Co(acac)2 precursors to yield novel PVAc‐b‐PNVCL‐b‐PVAc symmetrical triblock copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
The short‐term psychological impact of complications after breast reconstruction
Authors: Gopie Jessica P. , Timman Reinier , Hilhorst Medard T. , Hofer Stefan O. P. , Mureau Marc A. M. , Tibben Aad 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectivesFew studies have focused on the psychological impact of postoperative complications after breast reconstruction (BR). As postoperative complications after BR usually lead to a prolonged recovery time and sometimes require additional surgery, the short‐term impact on distress was investigated.MethodsPre‐ and postoperatively, psychological questionnaires were sent to 152 women who underwent either implant BR or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap BR (DIEPBR). In addition, patients and physicians' reports of postoperative complications during the first 4–6 weeks after BR were scored. The course of anxiety, depression and cancer‐specific distress, and the effect of complications on distress were investigated.ResultsImplant BR patients reported decreased anxiety after surgery, and both groups reported reduced cancer‐specific distress after surgery. However, depressive symptoms tended to increase after DIEPBR. If complications occurred, both reconstruction groups reported increased depressive and anxiety symptoms, and DIEPBR patients even had depressive symptoms of clinical concern. A significant number of patients with complications reported alarming levels of distress. Timing and laterality were not significantly correlated with distress.ConclusionsComplications after BR have a significant impact on emotional well‐being shortly after surgery. As distress affects quality of life and health outcomes, it is of great importance to offer psychological support to these patients. Distress can be evaluated by monitoring the emotional impact of BR during post‐surgery consults, or with the standard use of short psychological questionnaires that patients can complete at home. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erdbebenbemessung von Tanks – Erfahrungen aus der Praxis
Authors: Knödel Peter , Heß Andrea 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBei der Erdbebenbemessung im Hoch‐ und Anlagenbau werden die Massen des Tragwerks und der Ausrüstung meistens auf den Deckenebenen zusammengezogen. Gemeinsam mit den horizontalen Geschosssteifigkeiten, die man aus dem Aussteifungssystem ableitet, verfügt man über alle Informationen, die man zum Formulieren eines Feder‐Masse‐Schwingers benötigt. Die Antworten dieses dynamischen Systems werden dann entweder instationär durch Aufbringen unterschiedlicher Beschleunigungs‐Zeitverläufe ermittelt oder stationär durch Verwendung eines Antwortspektrums.Bei Tanks ist es etwas schwieriger, zu hand‐tauglichen Rechenmodellen zu kommen, da die Flüssigkeit statt der Kragarmschwingung auch noch eine Schwappbewegung ausführt und Kräfte zwischen Tank und Flüssigkeit nur durch Druckkontakt übertragen werden können. Die Tankwand selbst kann als dünnwandige Membran dehnungslose Verformungen in Form von Fourier‐Harmonischen ausführen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Grundlagen der Erdbebenbemessung bei Tanks beleuchtet und anschließend Beispiele aus der Bemessungspraxis genannt.Seismic design of tanks – Practical experience. When designing skeletal structures for plants in seismic hazard areas you consider the masses of the structure and the equipment, the stiffnesses of the bracing systems and thus model your structure into a spring‐mass‐oscillator. Depending on the desired degree of accuracy the actual masses are condensed in many or only a few mass lumps, the bracing systems are considered to have linear restoring forces or non‐linear features are included. The response of this dynamic model is then calculated transiently by applying several different artificial ground acceleration time histories or steady state by using a given peak ground acceleration spectrum.With tanks it is much more difficult to extract easy‐to‐handle calculation models: the liquid may perform a sloshing motion rather than a cantilever oscillation; accelerations can be transferred into the liquid by compression between the tank wall and the liquid only, while the tank wall itself is a thin‐walled membrane which may undergo strainless deformation modes in the shape of Fourier‐harmonics. In the present paper we well have a short look on the basics of seismic design and report on some tanks of different sizes, where we were involved in the seismic design.
Framing for scientific argumentation
Authors: Berland Leema K. , Hammer David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn recent years, research on students' scientific argumentation has progressed to a recognition of nascent resources: Students can and do argue when they experience the need and possibility of persuading others who may hold competing views. Our purpose in this article is to contribute to this progress by applying the perspective of framing to the question of when and how a class forms and maintains a sense of their activity as argumentative. In particular, we examine three snippets from a sixth‐grade class with respect to how the students—and the teacher—experience, or frame, what is taking place. We argue that they show dynamics of framing for individuals and for the class as a whole that affect and are affected by students' engagement in argumentation. We close the article with implications of this perspective for research, teaching, and instructional design. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 68–94, 2012
International sports management: Current trends and future developments
Authors: Ratten Vanessa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe aim of this special issue on international sports management in Thunderbird International Business Review is to highlight the current trends and future developments occurring in sport. Sport is watched and played globally and impacts business management practices in a number of ways, including through sponsorship, recruitment, and manufacturing. In order to compete globally, managers of sport organizations need to work proactively to build and maintain an international presence. This special journal issue examines different types of sport, including professional, amateur, and recreational, in order to see how they occur in the international environment. The aim of this article is to discuss the most important issues facing sports management practitioners and researchers worldwide. The findings of this article are that it extends our understanding of international sports management by examining different types of businesses involved in sport to offer practical implications for sport practitioners who have internationalized or are considering global expansion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perceptions of climate change worldwide
Authors: Brechin Steven R. , Bhandari Medani 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe begin this review with a brief overview of the first published comparative national studies on public attitudes and climate change. We continue by exploring key findings from more recent surveys from three major studies conducted in late 2009. These results are organized into two major sections—the first in reviewing established ground or questions commonly asked of the general public regarding climate change. These questions include willingness to pay to protect the environment, global warming as a serious problem, and willingness to pay to address climate change. The second section continues the review by exploring questions that have been seldom asked or new ground. We look at such topics as—the perceived effects of climate change; when respondents think climate change will be felt; their view of what climate scientists think, and whether they feel their government is doing enough to address the issue. We end this section by reviewing two questions that focus on international relations and the global climate change negotiations—the public's perception of their government's efforts at international cooperation, and which country is most trusted by the public to lead the climate change negotiations. The review concludes with discussions on data limitations and some summary thoughts and future research needs. WIREs Clim Change 2011, 2:871–885. doi: 10.1002/wcc.146This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
A comparison of ultrasonic detectors and radiotelemetry for studying bat–habitat relationships
Authors: Morris Adam D. , Miller Darren A. , Conner L. Mike 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUltrasonic bat detectors and radiotelemetry are 2 methods used to examine habitat selection for bats, but no one has empirically examined if conclusions drawn from these 2 methods are comparable and, although previous work has presented concerns regarding the basic assumptions of inferring habitat selection with acoustic surveys, these assumptions have not been tested. Therefore, during summer 2008, we examined use of bat detectors and radiotelemetry to infer habitat selection among 4 forest habitat types in southwestern Georgia, USA by simultaneously radiotracking evening bats (Nycticeius humeralis; n = 14) and using stratified sampling to acoustically monitor bat activity (n = 95 sites). We used compositional analysis for radiotelemetry data and generalized linear models for acoustic data to assess habitat selection at Johnson's (1980) 2nd and 3rd order spatial scales. At the 3rd order scale, both acoustic sampling and radiotelemetry indicated preference of mature pine and open stands over hardwood stands and pine plantations. Radiotelemetry revealed hardwood stands were preferred at the 2nd order scale, which was not reflected in acoustic data. Qualitatively, conclusions about habitat selection are not consistent between these 2 techniques. We conclude that bat detector surveys may be appropriate for examining habitat selection at the stand‐level, although more work is needed to confirm this, but have limited or no inferential ability at larger scales. Our results support the general inability of acoustic surveys to infer habitat selection due to lack of adherence to underlying assumptions. Therefore, we recommend using radiotelemetry for habitat selection studies and that researchers limit habitat selection inferences derived from acoustic surveys. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
An automated device for provoking and capturing wildlife calls
Authors: Ausband David E. , Skrivseth Jesse , Mitchell Michael S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSome animals exhibit call‐and‐response behaviors that can be exploited to facilitate detection. Traditionally, acoustic surveys that use call‐and‐respond techniques have required an observer's presence to perform the broadcast, record the response, or both events. This can be labor‐intensive and may influence animal behavior and, thus, survey results. We developed an automated acoustic survey device using commercially available hardware (e.g., laptop computer, speaker, microphone) and an author‐created (JS) software program (“HOOT”) that can be used to survey for any animal that calls. We tested this device to determine 1) deployment longevity, 2) effective sampling area, and 3) ability to detect known packs of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Idaho, USA. Our device was able to broadcast and record twice daily for 6–7 days using the internal computer battery and surveyed an area of 3.3–17.5 km2 in relatively open habitat depending on the hardware components used. We surveyed for wolves at 2 active rendezvous sites used by closely monitored, radiocollared wolf packs and obtained 4 responses across both packs over 3 days of sampling. We confirmed reproduction in these 2 packs by detecting pup howls aurally from the resulting device recordings. Our device can broadcast and record animal calls and the computer software is freely downloadable. This automated survey device can be used to collect reliable data while reducing the labor costs traditionally associated with acoustic surveys. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Hydroalumination and Hydrogallation Reactions with Tri(ethynyl)silanes – Generation of Compounds with up to Three Coordinatively Unsaturated Aluminium Atoms
Authors: Uhl Werner , Bohnemann Jörg , Heller Denis , Hepp Alexander , Layh Marcus 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHydroalumination or hydrogallation of tri(ethynyl)silanes, RSi(C≡C‐Ar)3 (1a, R = Ph, Ar = Ph; 1b, R = Me, Ar = Ph; 1c, R = Me, Ar = C6H4Me), with the element hydrides H‐EtBu2 (E = Al, Ga) in stoichiometric ratios of 1:1 to 1:3 at ambient temperature yielded the addition products (PhC≡C)2(R)Si[(tBu2E)C=C(H)Ph] (2, R = Ph, E = Ga; 3a, R = Me, E = Al; 3b, R = Me, E = Ga), (PhC≡C)(Me)Si[(tBu2E)C=C(H)Ph]2 (4a, E = Al, 4b, E = Ga) and (Me)Si[(tBu2Al)C=C(H)Ar]3 (5, Ar = Ph; 6, Ar = C6H4Me). Compounds 2–4 show a relatively close interaction between the coordinatively unsaturated aluminium or gallium atoms and one of the Cα(≡C) atoms of unreacted alkyne substituents [245 (E = Al) and 266 pm (E = Ga)] that stabilises the kinetically favoured cis addition products with E and hydrogen on the same side of the resulting C=C double bonds. In the absence of these stabilising effects the compounds were found to isomerise to the thermodynamically favoured trans isomers.
Does family experience influence political beliefs? Relation between interparental conflict perceptions and political efficacy in late adolescence
Authors: Šerek Jan , Lacinová Lenka , Macek Petr 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe study examined the relation between adolescents’ interparental conflict perceptions and their political efficacy regarding local issues. Longitudinal data (age 15 and 17) from 444 adolescents were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that young people experiencing frequent interparental conflict reported an increase in depressive mood during late adolescence, which was associated with lower level of political efficacy. Moreover, adolescents who felt more efficacious when dealing with fighting parents felt more efficacious in local politics, even when controlling for personality traits and depressive mood. One possible explanation is that family perceptions generalize to politics because both contexts share certain similar features. Our results underscore that also seemingly nonpolitical experiences can matter in adolescents’ civic and political development.
Achieving Hemostasis With Topical Hemostats: Making Clinically and Economically Appropriate Decisions in the Surgical and Trauma Settings
Authors: Schreiber Martin A. , Neveleff Deborah J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAchieving hemostasis is a crucial focus of clinicians working in surgical and trauma settings. Topical hemostatic agents—including mechanical hemostats, active hemostats, flowable hemostats, and fibrin sealants—are frequently used in efforts to control bleeding, and new options such as hemostatic dressings, initially used in combat situations, are increasingly being used in civilian settings. To achieve successful hemostasis, a number of vital factors must be considered by surgeons and perioperative nurses, such as the size of the wound; bleeding severity; and the efficacy, possible adverse effects, and method of application of potential hemostatic agents. Understanding how and when to use each of the available hemostatic agents can greatly affect clinical outcomes and help to limit the overall cost of treatment.
Haptische Telerehabilitation - Robotergestützte Therapiesysteme für die fernbetreute häusliche Rehabilitation nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Schmidt Henning , Steingräber Robert , Schmid Simone , Schauer Michael , Hesse Stefan , Krüger Jörg 
Published: October 2011

Einleitung
Der therapeutische Nutzen robotergestützter Therapie-Übungsgeräte in der Neurologischen Rehabilitation, insbesondere bei schwer betroffenen subakuten Schlaganfallpatienten, konnte inzwischen in klinischen Studien nachgewiesen werden (Hesse et al., 2008; Mehrholz et al., 2008). Bisher sind solche Geräte jedoch nur für die stationäre Reha-Therapie verfügbar. Da jeder Patient die Reha-Behandlung ambulant und zu Hause so intensiv wie möglich fortsetzen sollte, besteht ein großer Bedarf an intelligenten robotergestützten Therapiegeräten, die in neu zu entwickelnde Behandlungskonzepte einer fernbetreuten Therapie eingebunden werden. Hierfür bietet sich die Weiterentwicklung telemedizinischer Therapiekonzepte für eine haptische Telerehabilitation an, über die in diesem Beitrag berichtet wird.
Considerations for Return‐to‐Play and Retirement Decisions After Concussion
Authors: Cantu Robert C. , Register‐Mihalik Johna K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReturn‐to‐play and retirement decisions after concussion are often difficult and complex. The complexity of these decisions may be influenced by many factors, including the number, proximity, and severity of previous concussions; gender; age; sport played; exposure to head impacts; and predisposing or pre‐existing conditions. These circumstances and conditions can confound the decisions concerning return to play and retirement. Clinicians should carefully weigh how these circumstances and conditions influence quality of life and how they interact with the effects of concussion. Furthermore, clinicians should consider past and potential exposures to both subconcussive and concussive impacts during the athlete's lifetime when deliberating a return to play or retirement. The purpose of this overview is to highlight and discuss these issues as they factor into the return‐to‐play and retirement decisions after a concussive injury in an effort to provide clinicians with evidence‐based information that can be used in the decision‐making process.
Imaging Modalities in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Sports Concussion
Authors: Gonzalez Peter G. , Walker Matthew T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMild traumatic brain injury is a significant public health issue that has been gaining considerable attention over the past few years. After injury, a large percentage of patients experience postconcussive symptoms that affect work and school performance and that carry significant medicolegal implications. Conventional imaging modalities (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) are insensitive to microstructural changes and underestimate the degree of diffuse axonal injury and metabolic changes. Newer imaging techniques have attempted to better diagnose and characterize diffuse axonal injury and the metabolic and functional aspects of traumatic brain injury. The following review article summarizes the currently available imaging studies and describes the novel and more investigational techniques available for mild traumatic brain injury. A suggested algorithm is offered.
Bounding the scalar dissipation scale for mixing flows in the presence of sources
Authors: Alexakis A. , Tzella A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe investigate the mixing properties of scalars stirred by spatially smooth, divergence-free flows and maintained by a steady source–sink distribution. We focus on the spatial variation of the scalar field, described by the dissipation wavenumber, ${k}_{d} $, that we define as a function of the mean variance of the scalar and its gradient. We derive a set of upper bounds that for large Péclet number ($\mathit{Pe}\gg 1$) yield four distinct regimes for the scaling behaviour of ${k}_{d} $, one of which corresponds to the Batchelor regime. The transition between these regimes is controlled by the value of $\mathit{Pe}$ and the ratio $\rho = {\ell }_{u} / {\ell }_{s} $, where ${\ell }_{u} $ and ${\ell }_{s} $ are, respectively, the characteristic length scales of the velocity and source fields. A fifth regime is revealed by homogenization theory. These regimes reflect the balance between different processes: scalar injection, molecular diffusion, stirring and bulk transport from the sources to the sinks. We verify the relevance of these bounds by numerical simulations for a two-dimensional, chaotically mixing example flow and discuss their relation to previous bounds. Finally, we note some implications for three-dimensional turbulent flows.
Use of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy techniques in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism: systematic review
Authors: Gracie D , Hussain S S M 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe past two decades have seen rapidly changing attitudes towards the surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism. Advances in localisation techniques and confidence with endoscopy have led to the development of numerous minimally invasive parathyroidectomy approaches, including open minimal incision and endoscopic and video-assisted parathyroidectomy.This paper systematically reviews the evidence for these methods to determine: (1) whether these new, minimally invasive techniques are comparable to conventional bilateral neck exploration methods in terms of success and complication rate; and (2) if they are comparable, which technique is likely to be best for cosmesis, patient safety and patient satisfaction.A search of the Medline, Cochrane Reviews and Scopus databases was conducted, using a defined list of search parameters. Abstracts were compared against inclusion and exclusion criteria, before the full text was sought and analysed for data. The evidence from each study was then assessed, based on study quality, and a recommendation made based on the level of evidence available.There is level 1b evidence that minimally invasive surgery is comparable to bilateral neck exploration in terms of efficacy and complication rates. This paper recommends that the treatment of choice for solitary adenoma (in most healthcare centres) should be open minimal incision parathyroidectomy, due to advantages in operative duration, learning curve and cost-effectiveness.