bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of impurity incorporation during MOVPE growth of m‐plane GaN layers on LiAlO2
Authors: Mauder Christof , Reuters Benjamin , Behmenburg Hannes , De Souza Roger A. , Woitok Joachim F. , Chou Mitch M. C. , Heuken Michael , Kalisch Holger , Jansen Rolf H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe study the oxygen incorporation during growth of m‐plane GaN films on LiAlO2 substrates by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). A broad peak at ∼550 nm in photoluminescence spectra is probably caused by oxygen impurities. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) confirms this finding and reveals a concentration in the order of 1019 cm‐3 which is consistent to the measured n‐type doping level. A general slow decrease of the oxygen concentration in growth direction is observed. A c‐plane GaN film grown on sapphire co‐loaded together with a piece of LiAlO2 shows a slightly increased doping concentration compared to a c‐plane GaN reference. However, the achieved concentration of ∼1017 cm‐3 is much lower compared to m‐plane GaN films. Growth of GaN on a backside‐coated GaN/LiAlO2 template does neither suppress the impurity incorporation. This implies that oxygen incorporation via the gas phase is not the dominant factor. The SIMS oxygen profile of this GaN film on the template shows a strong peak at the position of growth interruption indicating the formation of a surface oxide. We assume that the m‐plane GaN surface has a large affinity for oxygen at the deposition temperature which leads to the high oxygen impurity level. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Threshold voltage control by gate electrode in Ga–Sn–Zn–O thin‐film transistors for logic inverter application
Authors: Lee Hee Sung , Park Chan Ho , Lee Kwang H. , Kim Dong‐Ho , Kim Hye‐Ri , Lee Gun‐Hwan , Im Seongil 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report on the fabrication of Ga–Sn–Zn–O thin‐film transistors (GTZO‐TFTs) and their inverter application. For the most stable and highly‐performing GTZO‐TFT, an optimal oxygen pressure condition was extracted out during co‐sputter deposition of Ga‐doped ZnO and SnO2. Using the oxygen pressure condition, we fabricated top‐gate GTZO‐TFTs for a logic inverter, which has two serially‐connected top‐gate TFTs with different gate electrodes: conducting NiOx and Al. Since the electrodes have very different work functions controlling the threshold voltages of TFTs, our inverter demonstrated a nice operation at less than 5 V with a high voltage gain of over 25. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Successful pain relief in non‐responders to spinal cord stimulation: The combined use of ketamine and spinal cord stimulation
Authors: Truin M. , Janssen S.P.M. , van Kleef M. , Joosten E.A.J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAlthough spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established therapy for chronic neuropathic pain, still 30% of patients do not respond adequately to trial stimulation. These so called “non‐responders” do not receive a permanent implantation for pain relief.The induction and maintenance of central sensitization plays a pivotal role in (chronic) neuropathic pain and is thought to be the resultant of the activation of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the dorsal horn. Blocking the NMDA receptor through the use of the non‐competitive blocker ketamine has shown to attenuate neuropathic pain, although the undesirable side effects limit its use. The present study was performed to examine whether the combination of SCS with an individually determined sub‐effective dose of intrathecal (i.t.) ketamine could convert non‐responders into responders in rats with chronic neuropathic pain. Rats received a partial ligation of the sciatic nerve for the induction of neuropathic pain. Animals with tactile hypersensitivity to von Frey monofilaments (n = 15) received 30 min of SCS. Non‐responders to SCS (n = 8) received their individually determined sub‐effective i.t. dose of ketamine followed by 30 min of SCS. No side effects of the sub‐effective dose of ketamine could be noted. The combined treatment of SCS and sub‐effective dose of i.t. ketamine in non‐responders resulted in a significant reduction of the withdrawal threshold in all previous non‐responders to SCS, thereby converting them into responders to SCS.
Decreased regional cerebral blood flow in medial prefrontal cortex during trauma-unrelated stressful imagery in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Gold A. L. , Shin L. M. , Orr S. P. , Carson M. A. , Rauch S. L. , Macklin M. L. , Lasko N. B. , Metzger L. J. , Dougherty D. D. , Alpert N. M. , Fischman A. J. , Pitman R. K. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundNeuroimaging research has demonstrated medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) hyporesponsivity and amygdala hyperresponsivity to trauma-related or emotional stimuli in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Relatively few studies have examined brain responses to the recollection of stressful, but trauma-unrelated, personal events in PTSD. In the current study, we sought to determine whether regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) abnormalities in mPFC and amygdala in PTSD could be observed during the recollection of trauma-unrelated stressful personal events.MethodParticipants were 35 right-handed male combat veterans (MCVs) and female nurse veterans (FNVs) who served in Vietnam: 17 (seven male, 10 female) with current military-related PTSD and 18 (nine male, nine female) with no current or lifetime PTSD. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and script-driven imagery to study rCBF during the recollection of trauma-unrelated stressfulversusneutral and traumatic events.ResultsVoxelwise tests revealed significant between-group differences for the trauma-unrelated stressfulversusneutral comparison in mPFC, specifically in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Functional region of interest (ROI) analyses demonstrated that this interaction in mPFC represented greater rCBF decreases in the PTSD group during trauma-unrelated stressful imagery relative to neutral imagery compared to the non-PTSD group. No differential amygdala activation was observed between groups or in either group separately.ConclusionsVeterans with PTSD, compared to those without PTSD, exhibited decreased rCBF in mPFC during mental imagery of trauma-unrelated stressful personal experiences. Functional neuroanatomical models of PTSD must account for diminished mPFC responses that extend to emotional stimuli, including stressful personal experiences that are not directly related to PTSD.
Is obsessive–compulsive disorder an anxiety disorder, and what, if any, are spectrum conditions? A family study perspective
Authors: Bienvenu O. J. , Samuels J. F. , Wuyek L. A. , Liang K.-Y. , Wang Y. , Grados M. A. , Cullen B. A. , Riddle M. A. , Greenberg B. D. , Rasmussen S. A. , Fyer A. J. , Pinto A. , Rauch S. L. , Pauls D. L. , McCracken J. T. , Piacentini J. , Murphy D. L. , Knowles J. A. , Nestadt G. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundExperts have proposed removing obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) from the anxiety disorders section and grouping it with putatively related conditions in DSM-5. The current study uses co-morbidity and familiality data to inform these issues.MethodCase family data from the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (382 OCD-affected probands and 974 of their first-degree relatives) were compared with control family data from the Johns Hopkins OCD Family Study (73 non-OCD-affected probands and 233 of their first-degree relatives).ResultsAnxiety disorders (especially agoraphobia and generalized anxiety disorder), cluster C personality disorders (especially obsessive–compulsive and avoidant), tic disorders, somatoform disorders (hypochondriasis and body dysmorphic disorder), grooming disorders (especially trichotillomania and pathological skin picking) and mood disorders (especially unipolar depressive disorders) were more common in case than control probands; however, the prevalences of eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia nervosa), other impulse-control disorders (pathological gambling, pyromania, kleptomania) and substance dependence (alcohol or drug) did not differ between the groups. The same general pattern was evident in relatives of case versus control probands. Results in relatives did not differ markedly when adjusted for demographic variables and proband diagnosis of the same disorder, though the strength of associations was lower when adjusted for OCD in relatives. Nevertheless, several anxiety, depressive and putative OCD-related conditions remained significantly more common in case than control relatives when adjusting for all of these variables simultaneously.ConclusionsOn the basis of co-morbidity and familiality, OCD appears related both to anxiety disorders and to some conditions currently classified in other sections of DSM-IV.
Omnidirectional locomotion and traction control of the wheel-driven, wall-climbing robot, Cromsci
Authors: Schmidt D. , Hillenbrand C. , Berns K. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYSafe and cost-efficient inspection of large concrete buildings is a great challenge for mobile robots. This paper presents the locomotion system of the climbing robot, Cromsci, which uses three steerable standard wheels and negative pressure adhesion. We will introduce criteria to avoid robot slip and tilt, and methods to enhance stability. One elementary part is the close-loop-controlled adhesion system with seven individual negative pressure chambers to balance out tilt or dynamic effects caused by leaky pressure chambers. The second part is the locomotion control using a special traction control mechanism to enhance robot navigation, which will also be presented here.
Good Language-Switchers are Good Task-Switchers: Evidence from Spanish–English and Mandarin–English Bilinguals
Authors: Prior Anat , Gollan Tamar H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBilingual advantages in executive control tasks are well documented, but it is not yet clear what degree or type of bilingualism leads to these advantages. To investigate this issue, we compared the performance of two bilingual groups and monolingual speakers in task-switching and language-switching paradigms. Spanish–English bilinguals, who reported switching between languages frequently in daily life, exhibited smaller task-switching costs than monolinguals after controlling for between-group differences in speed and parent education level. By contrast, Mandarin–English bilinguals, who reported switching languages less frequently than Spanish–English bilinguals, did not exhibit a task-switching advantage relative to monolinguals. Comparing the two bilingual groups in language-switching, Spanish–English bilinguals exhibited smaller costs than Mandarin–English bilinguals, even after matching for fluency in the non-dominant language. These results demonstrate an explicit link between language-switching and bilingual advantages in task-switching, while also illustrating some limitations on bilingual advantages. (JINS, 2011, 17, 682–691)
Evaluation of resistance in wheat against Rhopalosiphumpadi (L.) (Homoptera:Aphididae) Under laboratory Conditions
Authors: Akhtar Naheed , Moin Noreen , Jilani Ghulam , Mohsin Ata , Yasmin Shaheena , Afzala Afzala , Goraya Munir , Baig Atif 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAims and introduction All over the world aphids are pests of economic importance, affecting all varieties of plants like cereal crops, vegetables, ornamental plants and fruits. Aphids damage plants either directly or indirectly. Aphids are one of the major agricultural pests. There are only a few plants that are not susceptible to infestation by this destructive pest. They cause direct damage by sucking the sap of leaves, blocking photosynthesis which results in leaf distortion, gall production, discoloration, stunting, leaf curling, wilting, twisting and premature leaf falls. They are directly involved in transmission of plant viruses and indirectly by depositing honey dew that reduces photosynthetic activity and induces sooty mold production and premature leaf senescence.Methodology Hosts were wheat and maize. There was twenty varieties of National Uniform Wheat Yield Trials (NUWYT) Normal (N) of year 2004-05, and twelve varieties of (NUWYT) Rain Fed (R.F) of year 2004-05 while there were twenty-two varieties of maize of year 2005-06. All these varieties were evaluated against bird cherry oat aphid R. padi L pest. Evaluation for resistance was done by seedling bulk test and by comparing the results of components of resistance like antibiosis, antixenosis and tolerance tests. These experiments were performed under controlled environmental conditions. Experiments were of randomized complete design and replicated. The data obtained was statistically analyzed of variance (ANOVA) and the mean values were compared by Duncan’s new multiple range test (DMRT) at 5 percent level of significance (Steel and Torrie, 1980).
Results
Among the tested germplasm (one variety and 11 lines of wheat), the V-5 line was found resistant and the NRL-2017 line was found susceptible to Rhopalosiphum padi. The results of the Antixenosis Test indicated that two wheat lines, V-5 and PR-83 were least preferred and three lines viz., NRL-2017, V-00055 and V-00BT004 were highly preferred by the test insect. The results of the Antibiosis Test showed that PR-83 line was least fecund whereas NR-241 and V-00055 lines were highly fecund. The results of the Tolerance Test indicated that four varieties, PR-83, V-5, SN-128 and NR-241 were highly tolerant, while only one line, V-00BT004 was least tolerant.

Conclusion
To avoid harmful effects of this insect pest, only resistant, least preferred, least fecund and highly tolerant lines must be used in wheat breeding programs.
Non-linear Regression Approaches in ABC
Authors: Blum Michael 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this talk, we consider different methods of parameter inference for ABC. Derivations of the asymptotic bias and variance of the standard ABC estimators indicates that ABC may achieve poor performance when the dimension of the summary statistics is large. The linear adjustment introduced by Beaumont et al. (2002) is found to achieve better performance when there is a nearly homoscedastic relationship between the summary statistics and the parameter of interest. To provide a more flexible adjustment method, we propose two innovations. The new method fits 1/a heteroscedatic rather than a homoscedastic regression model and consider 2/non linear instead of linear regression. The new algorithm is compared to the state-of-the-art approximate Bayesian methods and typically provides narrower credibility intervals.
OAT2 catalyses efflux of glutamate and uptake of orotic acid
Authors: Fork Christian , Bauer Tim , Golz Stefan , Geerts Andreas , Weiland Jessica , Del Turco Domenico , Schömig Edgar , Gründemann Dirk 
Published: May 2011

OAT (organic anion transporter) 2 [human gene symbol SLC22A7 (SLC is solute carrier)] is a member of the SLC22 family of transport proteins. In the rat, the principal site of expression of OAT2 is the sinusoidal membrane domain of hepatocytes. The particular physiological function of OAT2 in liver has been unresolved so far. In the present paper, we have used the strategy of LC (liquid chromatography)–MS difference shading to search for specific and cross-species substrates of OAT2. Heterologous expression of human and rat OAT2 in HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells stimulated accumulation of the zwitterion trigonelline; subsequently, orotic acid was identified as an excellent and specific substrate of OAT2 from the rat (clearance=106 μl·min−1·mg of protein−1) and human (46 μl·min−1·mg of protein−1). The force driving uptake of orotic acid was identified as glutamate antiport. Efficient transport of glutamate by OAT2 was directly demonstrated by uptake of [3H]glutamate. However, because of high intracellular glutamate, OAT2 operates as glutamate efflux transporter. Thus expression of OAT2 markedly increased the release of glutamate (measured by LC-MS) from cells, even without extracellular exchange substrate. Orotic acid strongly trans-stimulated efflux of glutamate. We thus propose that OAT2 physiologically functions as glutamate efflux transporter. OAT2 mRNA was detected, after laser capture microdissection of rat liver slices, equally in periportal and pericentral regions; previous reports of hepatic release of glutamate into blood can now be explained by OAT2 activity. A specific OAT2 inhibitor could, by lowering plasma glutamate and thus promoting brain-to-blood efflux of glutamate, alleviate glutamate exotoxicity in acute brain conditions.
The effect of the etching process on the morphology and photoluminescence of porous amorphous SiC
Authors: Nguyen Hoai Anh , Miyajima Kensuke , Itoh Tadashi , Dao Tran Cao , Cao Tuan Anh , Luong Truc Quynh Ngan , Ashida Masaaki 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Porous amorphous silicon carbide (P-aSiC) was prepared by an electrochemical etching method. The surface morphology of the samples was measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM). Photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation spectra of the samples were measured at room temperature. We observed clear dependence of PL spectra and morphology on fabrication conditions. Based on these results, we propose the emitting mechanism of the PL from the samples.
The detection of pesticides in water using ZnCdSe quantum dot films
Authors: Bakar N A , Salleh M M , Umar A A , Yahaya M 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This paper reports an attempt to develop a sensor system for detecting pesticides based on the effect of an analyte on the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of ZnCdSe quantum dot (QD) films. The ZnCdSe QDs were synthesized using a wet-chemical process. The sensor system comprises an excitation light source made of a laser diode, a dual arm fibre optic probe, a spectrometer and a sensor chamber. The QD films were deposited by dropping QD solution onto the probe surface and drying them at ambient temperature. The pesticides used in this study were Dipel, Siven 85% WP and Water-Dispersible Granules WG insecticides. The detection of pesticides was done by comparing the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the films dipped in the deionized water and in pesticide solutions by varying the concentration of the pesticide solutions from 2.5 to 2500 μg
l
−1. It was observed that the PL intensity of the films was quenched by the presence of the pesticide molecules. The quenching degree increased with the concentration of the pesticide solutions. There is a linear relationship between the pesticide solution concentrations and the QD film sensor sensitivities. The sensitivity of the sensor system depended on the type of pesticides successively from the highest to lowest sensitivity in the order Siven 85% WP, Dipel and Water-Dispersible Granules WG. The QD films could be used as fluorescence sensors to detect water that is contaminated by pesticides.
Re-theorizing feminist community development: towards a radical democratic citizenship
Authors: Emejulu Akwugo 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In this paper, I analyse and critique the different ways in which identity is constructed within the dominant feminist community development discourses in the United Kingdom. Using a post-structuralist discourse analysis framework, I examine how essentialist claims of homogeneity in ‘women's’ identities and experiences misrecognize and oftentimes exclude some women's interests – especially those women who seek to mobilize intersectional social justice claim-making by drawing on their ‘race’, ethnicity, religion, sexuality and/or disability. In order to recognize difference between and within different kinds of women, I argue that feminist community development needs to reconstruct the identity of the feminist political agent. Rather than constituting the agent as an unproblematic and stable ‘woman’, I contend that this identity must be decentred in favour of ‘radical democratic citizen’ who is not constituted by essentialized gender claims but by claims to radical democracy, equality and justice.
Human dimensions of climate change and fisheries in a coupled system: the Atlantic surfclam case
Authors: McCay Bonnie J. , Brandt Sylvia , Creed Carolyn F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMcCay, B. J., Brandt, S., and Creed, C. F. 2011. Human dimensions of climate change and fisheries in a coupled system: the Atlantic surfclam case. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1354–1367. Research on changes in a coupled marine system of the Mid-Atlantic Bight, focusing on Atlantic surfclams and the associated fishery and management system, is reviewed for how the human dimensions of this coupled socio-ecological system are addressed by the researchers. Our foci are on economic modelling of spatial choices, using dynamic optimization with adjustments that reflect better the natural and socio-economic realities of the fishery and on ethnographic observations of decision processes, particularly those of the regional fishery management council, with particular emphasis on cognitive frames and management communities. These are designed to be integrated with and to complement biophysical modelling of the complex coupled socio-ecological system.
Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries management under changing climate: a southern synopsis
Authors: Plagányi Éva E. , Weeks Scarla J. , Skewes Tim D. , Gibbs Mark T. , Poloczanska Elvira S. , Norman-López Ana , Blamey Laura K. , Soares Muri , Robinson William M. L. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Plagányi, É. E., Weeks, J. S., Skewes, T. D., Gibbs, M. T., Poloczanska, E. S., Norman-López, A., Blamey, L. K., Soares, M., and Robinson, W. M. L. 2011. Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries management under changing climate: a southern synopsis. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1305–1317. Climate change is likely to have a significant impact on both target and non-target marine stocks worldwide, with the concomitant need for management strategies capable of sustaining fishing in future. We use several southern hemisphere fisheries to highlight the likely impacts of climate change at a range of levels, from individual to population responses, as well as ecosystem ramifications. Examples span polar (Antarctic krill fishery), temperate (west coast pelagic fishery, abalone and rock lobster), and tropical (Torres Strait rock lobster) commercially important fisheries. Responses of these fisheries to either past observed environmental changes or projected future changes are used to deduce some anticipated implications of climate change for fisheries management, including economic impacts and governance considerations. We evaluate the effectiveness of current single-species assessment models, management strategy evaluation approaches and multispecies assessment models as future management tools to cope with likely climate-related changes. Non-spatial stock assessment models will have limited ability to separate fishery effects from the impacts of climate change. Anthropogenic climate change is occurring at a time-scale relevant to current fisheries management strategic planning and testing. Adaptive management frameworks (with their feedback loops) are ideal for detecting and adapting to changes in target stocks.