bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOD Antioxidant Nanoreactors: Influence of Block Copolymer Composition on the Nanoreactor Efficiency
Authors: Onaca Ozana , Hughes David W. , Balasubramanian Vimalkumar , Grzelakowski Mariusz , Meier Wolfgang , Palivan Cornelia G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe bioavailability limitations of proteins make them difficult to be directly delivered, particularly in diseases caused by insufficient amounts or inactive variants of those proteins. Nanoreactors represent a new promising approach to overcome these limitations because they serve both to protect the protein in their aqueous interior, and simultaneously to allow the protein to act in situ. Here we examine an antioxidant nanoreactor based on SOD encapsulated in amphiphilic block copolymer nanovesicles, and analyze its behavior as a function of the copolymer composition. The membrane of the triblock copolymer nanovesicles plays a double role, both to shield the sensitive protein and selectively to let superoxide and dioxygen penetrate to its inner space. The encapsulation efficiency for different triblock copolymer vesicles was quantified by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy using a fluorescently labeled SOD. Pulse radiolysis experiments and an enzymatic assay were used to compare the permeability of the wall‐forming membranes towards superoxide anions. While the encapsulation efficiency mainly depends on the vesicle dimensions, the membrane permeability is mainly affected by the length of the hydrophobic PDMS middle blocks of our polymers. For polymers with very long PDMS chains superoxide anion transport across the membranes was too slow to be detected by our experiments.magnified image
Glycan‐based high‐affinity ligands for toxins and pathogen receptors
Authors: Kulkarni Ashish A. , Weiss Alison A. , Iyer Suri S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGlycans decorate over 95% of the mammalian cell surface in the form of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Several toxins and pathogens bind to these glycans to enter the cells. Understanding the fundamentals of the complex interplay between microbial pathogens and their glycan receptors at the molecular level could lead to the development of novel therapeutics and diagnostics. Using Shiga toxin and influenza virus as examples, we describe the complex biological interface between host glycans and these infectious agents, and recent strategies to develop glycan‐based high‐affinity ligands. These molecules are expected to ultimately be incorporated into diagnostics and therapeutics, and can be used as probes to study important biological processes. Additionally, by focusing on the specific glycans that microbial pathogens target, we can begin to decipher the “glycocode” and how these glycans participate in normal and aberrant cellular communication. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 2, 327–393, 2010
International implementation of digital library software/platforms
Authors: Oguz Fatih , Tonta Yasar , Chung EunKyung , Gbaje Ezra , Matusiak Krystyna 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis panel will present an overview of adoption and implementation of digital library software/platforms and standards with an international perspective. Decision factors in adoption of particular software/platform and standards will be reviewed. Impact of organizational, social, legal, and cultural factors will be highlighted.
Children, technology and social values: Enabling children's voices in a pluralistic world
Authors: Anderson Theresa , Druin Allison , Fleischmann Kenneth , Meyers Eric , Nathan Lisa , Unsworth Kristene 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe landscape of childhood in the 21st century increasingly involves technology. As information and communication technologies (ICTs) become ubiquitous in homes, schools, libraries, and play spaces, children are plugged‐in and online with greater frequency and at a younger age. Concerns regarding new and emerging technologies like the immersive Internet, mobile phones, and social networking sites often lead to highly charged, emotive responses aimed at reducing the risks associated with such technologies. These reactions focus our attention on children in the role of victimized consumer, and privilege the perspective of a single stakeholder, the parent. This desire to protect young technology consumers runs contrary to the participatory techniques intended to give greater voice to users in the design and development of technology. A broader, more enlightened perspective on the role of technology in the lives of children recognizes the multiple roles, stakeholders, and value propositions which affect these interactions with ICTs. Rather than casting children in the limited role of consumer of technology, participatory and value‐sensitive design techniques afford children the role of tester, evaluator, appropriator, remediator, co‐designer, or co‐investigator. Creating and sustaining a pluralistic society means providing sufficient opportunities for the voices of children in the decisions that affect their lives and their futures. This panel will ground this discussion in current empirical research studies where a child's voice is actively sought as part of the design and evaluation of technologies as an opportunity to speculate about the need to go further in ensuring that children are active participants in the decision making process. The panel will invite discussion about ways that the information science community could be taking a far more active role in terms of awareness raising, advocacy and mediation between all the various stakeholders to enable a stronger voice for children in society.
Diverse approaches to “tasks” in information science: Conceptual and methodological insights
Authors: Meyers Eric , Anderson Theresa , Byström Katriina , Freund Luanne , Toms Elaine 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe “task” is an important concept in Information Science, both as a theoretical and methodological tool. While many studies of information retrieval and information seeking and use take individual characteristics or system features as the starting point for their research, a growing body of work has focused on the socio‐cultural perspective. This approach examines the relationship between tasks and search processes, as well as information‐intensive task features and anticipated learning or work outcomes in a given context. This latter perspective has been utilized in the emerging work on collaborative information behavior, which recognizes the interplay of actors, environments, and task demands in understanding information seeking.Building on prior discussions of task‐oriented research, this panel of well‐known and emerging scholars from Australia, North America and Scandinavia will further explore how tasks may guide information seeking and retrieval theory and research. Panelists will present a balance of conceptual investigations, as well as recent empirical studies, to illustrate the wide‐array of issues and insights in this area.Of particular concern to this panel will be the role of diverse perspectives in understanding tasks: how cultural and contextual dimensions of user behavior condition the manner in which we conceptualize tasks, as well as how tasks are utilized in contextually‐sensitive information seeking and retrieval research. The strength of this panel is its diversity: in the spirit of the 2009 ASIS&T Annual Meeting theme, we will explore how, in a pluralistic society, no one presentation on “task” can truly encompass the concept. The topics covered will span life‐long (childhood through adult) as well as life‐wide (formal and informal) contexts of behavior. By bringing together an array of perspectives on this topic, we will foster a wide‐ranging discussion of theoretical and methodological issues surrounding task‐oriented research.
Diversity and commonality of information science education in a pluralistic world
Authors: Hsieh‐Yee Ingrid , Chu Heting , Janes Joseph , Abels Eileen , Moen William , Hastings Samantha 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn a society that is increasingly diverse in culture, language, and technology, the field of information science education has continued to evolve and respond to the changing information environment. The iSchool movement has attracted a good number of library and information science programs, as well as programs in computer science, while many library and information science programs have revised their mission and curricula to meet the information needs of a pluralistic world without changing the name of their programs (they are often referred to as the LIS Schools). Although iSchools and LIS Schools may seem dichotomous, many of these schools share the history of library and information science education and may have more in common than their names imply. The proposed panel is designed to shed light on the diversity and commonality of information science education in the 21st century by examining the similarities and differences of these two types of schools (including their relationship to the tradition of library and information science education) and the extent to which these schools are meeting the needs of a pluralistic world.The panel will have two parts. Part One is a report on the curricula offered at ALA‐accredited LIS schools and iSchools. In Part Two panelists will respond to the curriculum analysis report and address these topics:

Their school's relationship to the tradition of library and information science education.
Their experience in changing from an LIS School to an iSchool.
Their rationale for remaining an LIS School and how they have changed their programs to meet the need of a pluralistic society.
Their perspectives on how they are meeting market needs.
Their experience in recruiting new students and placing graduates in libraries and non‐library information environments.
Nationality and information behavior: Comparing Koreans and Japanese
Authors: Lee Jae‐Whoan , Rho Jee‐Hyun , Cho Yong‐Wan , Lee Eun‐Ju , Ohba Ichiro , Yoon Yu‐ra 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis panel discusses “cultural factors in information behavior.” Our special concern is understanding the relation between nationality and information behavior. While many studies have been conducted to investigate the relations between national/cultural factors and information behavior, there is little research regarding the “meaning of nationality in information behavior.” We assume that information behavior would be considerably influenced by nationality, therefore, information systems in a nation, to be successful, should be based on its national traits. Thus the purposes of this panel are to raise a research regarding the “meaning of nationality in information behavior,” and to test the positiveness of the proposed relation theoretically. To the end, at this preliminary stage we are going to explore the relation through comparing Koreans and Japanese. In details, we are going to (1) identify the differences in personal traits between Koreans and Japanese, (2) explore the relation between nationality and information behavior, (3) investigate the relation between personal traits and information behavior, and finally (4) figure out the relative significance in information behavior between nationality and personality.
Disruptive technologies in health information landscapes: The case of diabetes and HbA1c
Authors: Black Fiona A. , Amos Kathleen , Boyle Michael , Théoret Claude G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis technical session, building on theories of disruptive technologies, offers a demonstration of strategic network analysis tools that are currently little discussed in the literatures relating to information analysis. Panel members will stimulate debate by addressing the topical subject of blogosphere analysis from contrasting and complementary viewpoints relating to competitive intelligence and marketing, information seeking and use, network analysis and the concept of disruptive technologies. The range of expertise represented by the multidisciplinary makeup of the panel will help ensure a richly informative and lively session. In addition, the session will provide a forum for discussion about the role of weblogs in the communication of specialized information to both lay and expert communities, as well as a discussion about approaches and techniques for blogosphere analysis in general.
Globalization of intellectual property rights: Implications of the TRIPs agreement for access to HIV/AIDS drugs in Africa
Authors: Agada John , Gathegi John , Britz Johannes , Lor Peter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDuring the past few decades, western countries have pushed for strengthening intellectual property (IP) rights, as well as enforcing them uniformly across the globe. This push came to a climax when the IP was removed from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to become a trade issue under the World Trade Organization (WTO). Western countries were instrumental to crafting the Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) as an item in world trade negotiations and agreements through WTO in 1995. Although many of the TRIPs requirements seemed favored producers as opposed to consumers of IP, developing countries have nevertheless been obliged to enact domestic legislation to implement the requirements of TRIPs. This paper examines the implications of the TRIPs Agreement on access to HIV/AIDS drugs in African countries, and offers a framework for analyzing the international and domestic factors which offer constraints and opportunities for relevant public health policy development and implementation in Africa.
Documentation and communication in Aboriginal/indigenous communities
Authors: Williams Robert V. , Grenersen Polit Geir , Edwards Brendan Frederick R. , Srinivasan Ramesh 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis panel session explores a number of different issues related to the nature of documentation and communication in aboriginal cultures, where “documents” are not traditional, knowledge systems are of varied types, and the transmission of culture and property are decidedly non‐Western. Ample time will be provided for interchange between the speakers as they discuss similarities and differences in documentation and communication practices in the various cultures.
A two‐step model for video key‐frame determination
Authors: Kim Hyunhee , Kim Yongho 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhat types of information in key‐frames of a storyboard are critical when users extract the meaning of a video? For this research question, we reviewed the literature and then conducted the preliminary study. Next, based on the literature review and our findings from the preliminary study, we constructed the two‐step model for video key‐frame determination. We set the hypothesis that the proposed two‐step method will produce more meaningful key‐frames than the mechanical method (by which key‐frames are extracted simply at an interval of few seconds or minutes) in terms of summarizing a video. In order to testify the hypothesis, we conducted an experiment to compare the storyboards constructed based on the proposed two‐step method to those built based on the mechanical method. The two‐step model showed better accuracy in identifying the content of a video.
Selection of information sources: Accessibility of and familiarity with sources, and types of tasks
Authors: Xie Iris , Joo Soohyung 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhile many studies have investigated information source selection in different user groups, few have explored the types of factors and how they influence resource selection. This study examines the types of information sources users select as well as the reasons behind their choices of information sources based on their actual searches. Thirty‐one participants representing the general public with different demographic characteristics were recruited for the study. Data collected from diaries and questionnaires were analyzed by applying both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings of this study show that electronic resources are the dominant information sources selected by participants. Seventeen types of factors including some new factors in relation to dimensions of tasks, characteristics of users, and attributes of sources were derived from the data. The results also indicated that multiple factors co‐determined participants' selection of resources. Descriptive and statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that accessibility and familiarity of sources were correlated to information source usages, and the results suggested that participants utilized more print or human resources in accomplishing scholarly tasks while they were more dependent on electronic resources in achieving popular tasks.
Human information security behaviors: Differences across geographies and cultures in a global user survey
Authors: Hayden Lance 
Published: January 2010

AbstractData Leakage Worldwide, a 2008 research study commissioned by Cisco Systems, Inc. explored the information security behaviors of information technology (IT) users and decision makers in ten countries around the world. Based upon an online survey, the results published by Cisco Systems concluded that end users engage in risky information security behaviors that negatively impacted the companies for which the worked. The survey also revealed differences in awareness of proper security practices between end users and IT decision makers, as well as a lack of effectiveness in company security policies. One important aspect of the research was the exploration of differences in information security behaviors between respondents in different countries. While the Cisco study is important, a number of questions exist regarding the methods used, data collected, and conclusions made in the survey publications. But regardless of these critiques, the study provides a useful starting point for research into human information security behaviors.
Assessing the accessibility of Web 2.0 websites
Authors: McMillan Tyson , Lin Lin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study examines the accessibility of Web 2.0 websites to the visually impaired. Web accessibility standards are established to maximize the ability of those with impairments to navigate the web. Various computer tools exist to evaluate web HTML content against existing accessibility standards. Using a weighted metric‐based formula called the Web Accessibility Barrier (WAB) score, this study adopted an experimental design and compared 88 randomly selected Web 2.0 websites against 88 randomly selected Web 1.0 websites. The study found that Web 2.0 websites are significantly less accessible than Web 1.0 websites. Details of the analysis, evaluation, discussion, and recommendations are included in the paper.
Overcoming inadequate documentation
Authors: Niu Jinfang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSecondary data users need three types of knowledge to analyze secondary data: knowledge about data, background knowledge necessary to understand and interpret data, and data analysis skills. Part of knowledge about data is provided by the documentation of data. Background knowledge and data analysis skills are internalized as users' absorptive capacity. When documentation and their absorptive capacity are inadequate, users need to seek outside information to use secondary data. In this paper, causes of inadequate documentation were analyzed, why and how secondary users seek outside information were reported. Then based on the findings, implications about how to facilitate secondary data use were discussed.
Analytical and compositional aspects of isoflavones in food and their biological effects
Authors: Mortensen Alicja , Kulling Sabine E. , Schwartz Heidi , Rowland Ian , Ruefer Corinna E. , Rimbach Gerald , Cassidy Aedin , Magee Pamela , Millar Julie , Hall Wendy L. , Kramer Birkved Franziska , Sorensen Ilona K. , Sontag Gerhard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of analytical techniques used to determine isoflavones (IFs) in foods and biological fluids with main emphasis on sample preparation methods. Factors influencing the content of IFs in food including processing and natural variability are summarized and an insight into IF databases is given. Comparisons of dietary intake of IFs in Asian and Western populations, in special subgroups like vegetarians, vegans, and infants are made and our knowledge on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion by the human body is presented. The influences of the gut microflora, age, gender, background diet, food matrix, and the chemical nature of the IFs on the metabolism of IFs are described. Potential mechanisms by which IFs may exert their actions are reviewed, and genetic polymorphism as determinants of biological response to soy IFs is discussed. The effects of IFs on a range of health outcomes including atherosclerosis, breast, intestinal, and prostate cancers, menopausal symptoms, bone health, and cognition are reviewed on the basis of the availablein vitro,in vivoanimal and human data.
Anxiety is contagious—symptoms of anxiety in the terminally ill child affect long‐term psychological well‐being in bereaved parents
Authors: Jalmsell Li , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Onelöv Erik , Steineck Gunnar , Henter Jan‐Inge 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe studied the relation between unrelieved symptoms in terminally ill children and the psychological well‐being in the bereaved parents 4–9 years after their loss.ProcedureWe contacted parents in Sweden who had lost a child to a malignancy 1992–1997. The parents were asked to assess symptoms affecting their child's well‐being during his or her last month of life, and their own current psychological well‐being.ResultsAltogether 449/561 (80%) eligible parents supplied information on 19 specific symptoms that may occur in children with a malignancy and how each of these symptoms had affected their child's well‐being during his or her last month of life (not applicable, none, low, moderate, or severe). These results were linked to questions concerning the parents' self‐assessed mental health. Parents of children who were affected by disturbed sleep also had increased risk to develop these symptoms; RR 2.0 [1.4–2.9] for depression, 1.8 [1.3–2.5] for anxiety, 1.5 [1.2–1.8] for decreased psychological well‐being, and 1.5 [1.3–1.9] for decreased quality of life.ConclusionsBereaved parents whose children were affected by anxiety or disturbed sleep due to anxiety or pain had an increased risk of long‐term psychological morbidity. Reducing psychological complications in seriously ill children may also improve the psychological well‐being in bereaved parents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:751–757. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.