bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational identification of new porcine microRNAs and their targets
Authors: ZHOU Bo , LIU Hong‐Lin 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a newly identified class of non‐protein‐coding ∼22 nt small RNAs which play important roles in multiple biological processes by degrading targeted mRNAs or repressing mRNA translation. Here we present an expressed sequence tag (EST)‐based combined approach for the detection of novel porcine miRNAs. This was initiated by using previously known miRNA sequences from Homo sapiens (human) and Mus musculus (mouse) to blast the databases of Sus scrofa (pig) EST. A total of 65 new miRNAs were detected following a range of filtering criteria. Using these new potential miRNA sequences, we further obtained the publicly available porcine mRNA database from NCBI and detected 48 586 potential target hits using a software RNA hybrid. So far, compared to human and mouse, fewer miRNAs (only 54 miRNAs) were identified in Sus scrofa species. These 65 new miRNAs and their targets in pig have been run through miRHelper to yield data that may help us better understand the possible role of miRNAs in regulating the growth and development of pigs. These findings suggest that EST analysis is a good alternative strategy for identifying new miRNA candidates, their targets and other genes.
Effects of Plot Size and Census Interval on Descriptors of Forest Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Wagner Fabien , Rutishauser Ervan , Blanc Lilian , Herault Bruno 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to explicitly formulate the effect of census interval and plot size on the variability of descriptors of tropical forest structure (stand density, basal area, aboveground biomass [AGB]) and dynamic (tree growth, mortality and recruitment rates, biomass fluxes). A unique dataset from a broad plot network (37.5 ha) surveyed every 2 yr over a 16‐yr period was used to develop and parameterize a new statistical model predicting the coefficients of variation for each forest descriptor. More than 90 percent of the inherent variability of these coefficients was predicted using a simple model including plot size and census interval in a Bayesian modeling framework. All descriptors of forest structure varied by <10 percent for plot sizes >2 ha. Among the descriptors of forest dynamics, AGB loss was the most variable. The number of 6.25 ha plots required to estimate its mean, over a 16‐yr period, within a 20 percent error of the mean remains above four. This contrasts with a relative constant flux of biomass entering the plot through tree growth and tree recruitment. Tree growth was remarkably well estimated with <15 percent variability for a 2‐yr census in a plot of 2 ha. This study provides an easy method to assess dataset limitations in efforts to estimate descriptors of forest structure and dynamic, which is of primary importance to decipher any clear consequences of global change in tropical forests.
Fire Scars on Amazonian Trees: Exploring the Cryptic Fire History of the Ilha de Maracá
Authors: Barlow Jos , Silveira Juliana M. , Cochrane Mark A. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe presence of charcoal in the soils and fire scars on 8.2 percent of tree stems strongly suggest that one of the best studied Amazonian research localities (the Ilha de Maracá in Roraima, Brazil) has burned. The patterns and images of fire scars that we present here could help researchers explore the burn history of other tropical forests, which has important implications for interpreting their present‐day ecology.
Comprehensive Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags from the Pulp of the Red Mutant ‘Cara Cara’ Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck)
Authors: Ye Jun‐Li , Zhu An‐Dan , Tao Neng‐Guo , Xu Qiang , Xu Juan , Deng Xiu‐Xin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract Expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of the pulp of the red‐fleshed mutant ‘Cara Cara’ navel orange provided a starting point for gene discovery and transcriptome survey during citrus fruit maturation. Interpretation of the EST datasets revealed that the mutant pulp transcriptome held a high section of stress responses related genes, such as the type III metallothionein‐like gene (6.0%), heat shock protein (2.8%), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (0.8%), late embryogenesis abundant protein 5 (0.8%), etc. 133 transcripts were detected to be differentially expressed between the red mutant and its orange‐color wild genotype ‘Washington’ via digital expression analysis. Among them, genes involved in metabolism, defense/stress and signal transduction were statistical overrepresented. Fifteen transcription factors, composed of NAM, ATAF, and CUC transcription factor (NAC); myeloblastosis (MYB); myelocytomatosis (MYC); basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH); basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain members, were also included. The data reflected the distinct expression profile and the unique regulatory module associated with these two genotypes. Eight differently expressed genes analyzed in digital were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. For structural polymorphism, both simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) loci were surveyed; dinucleotide presentation revealed a bias toward AG/GA/TC/CT repeats (52.5%), against GC/CG repeats (0%). SNPs analysis found that transitions (73%) outnumbered transversions (27%). Seventeen potential cultivar‐specific and 387 heterozygous SNP loci were detected from ‘Cara Cara’ and ‘Washington’ EST pool.
‘Patient participation’ in everyday activities in special care units for persons with dementia in Norwegian nursing homes
Authors: Helgesen Ann Karin , Larsson Maria , Athlin Elsy 
Published: May 2010

helgesen a.k., larsson m. & athlin e. (2010) ‘Patient participation’ in everyday activities in special care units for persons with dementia in Norwegian nursing homes.International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 169–178Aim. The aim of this study was to explore ‘patient participation’ in everyday activities for persons with dementia living in special care units in nursing homes.Background. Studies about how ‘patient participation’ appears in the context of special care units for persons with dementia are lacking.Design. The study has an explorative design.Method. Grounded theory was chosen. Data collection was carried out by means of open observations and additional conversations with residents and personnel. Simultaneously, data analysis was performed with open, axial and selective coding.Findings. The findings showed that ‘patient participation’ concerned ‘A matter of presence’ as the core category. The other categories described as ‘presence of personnel’ and ‘presence of residents’, were strongly connected to the core category as well as to each other. Presence of personnel comprised three levels; being there in body, which required physical presence; being there in mind, which required presence with all senses based on knowledge and competence; and being there in morality which was understood as being fully present, as it was based on humanistic values and included the two other levels. Presence of residents comprised ‘ability and wish’ and ‘adaptation’. The presence of the personnel had a huge impact on the ability and will to participate of the residents. Organizational conditions concerning leadership, amount of personnel and routines as well as housing conditions concerning architecture and shared accommodation, could stimulate or hinder ‘patient participation’.Conclusions and implications. The study highlighted the great impact of the personnel’s presence in body, mind and morality on the participation capacity of the residents. The great importance of the nurse leaders was stressed, as they were responsible for organizational issues and served as role models. Group supervision of the personnel and their leaders would be an implication to propose, as these kinds of reflection groups offer opportunities to reflect on values, actions and routines.
Relationship centred outcomes focused on compassionate care for older people within in‐patient care settings
Authors: Smith Stephen , Dewar Belinda , Pullin Simon , Tocher Ria 
Published: May 2010

smith s., dewar b., pullin s. & tocher r. (2010) Relationship centred outcomes focused on compassionate care for older people within in‐patient care settings. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 128–136This paper describes outcomes from research titled Leadership in Compassionate Care. The research adopts a participatory action research approach, utilizing appreciative inquiry and relationship centred care. Outcomes of the research are based upon relationships between patients, families and staff. This paper focuses on in‐patient care for older people. A range of data generation activities were undertaken including: observation, interviews using emotional touch points and reflective accounts. To highlight outcomes in compassionate care, this paper uses case studies from two participating services. Principles of compassionate care were derived from understanding experiences of patients, relatives and staff and initiating responsive action projects. The aim was to enhance the experience of relationship centred, compassionate care. The process of emotional touch points enabled a richer understanding of experience. In terms of outcomes for patients this involved, enhanced quality of time spent with family and opening up conversations between families and staff. Outcomes for families involved enhanced access to relevant information and the opportunity to make sense of their situation. Staff outcomes were gaining experience in working alongside family to co‐create the service, enhanced understanding of the experiences of patients and relatives led to direct changes in individual and team practices.
From Cleland to Byron: The Unexpurgated British Version of Italian Art
Authors: GASH JOHN 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe article seeks to provide a sample of non‐canonical eighteenth‐century British responses to Italian art – sometimes of a salacious nature – and to tie such responses both to the interaction between aesthetic education and sexual opportunity on the Grand Tour and to the wider eighteenth‐century narratives of scepticism, irony, taste and sentiment. Its protagonists range from art critics such as the Richardsons and famous writers such as Smollett, Burns and Byron through John Cleland (author of Fanny Hill) to Grand Tourists and collectors such as Charles Townley and John Bacon Sawrey Morritt.
‘A Trial for the Patience of Reason’? Grand Tourists and Anti‐Catholicism after 1745
Authors: HAYNES CLARE 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIt has been thought that anti‐Catholicism faded from elite British thinking after the Jacobite rising of 1745, evidenced most obviously by the passing of three Relief Acts between 1778 and 1829. This view needs some modification because anti‐Catholicism was still rehearsed extensively in Grand Tour literature well into the nineteenth century. Three common tropes of elite anti‐Catholic discourse are explored: attitudes to Jesuits, monks and nuns; places of pilgrimage; and the construction of Roman Catholicism as a twofold system of faith. The conclusion is drawn that anti‐Catholicism was maintained because it was essential both to Protestant identity and to toleration.
From the Worship of God to the Worship of Beauty? The Reception of Italian Catholic Religious Paintings in the Private Chapels of English Country Houses, c.1660‐c.1768
Authors: CHURCH‐SOULARD ANNABELLE 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study discusses the shifting reception of Italian Catholic religious paintings in the private chapels of English country houses. It first investigates how the practice of art collecting and patronage informs the strategies deployed by the English aristocracy to expunge from these pictures all Catholic overtones. It moves on to assess the impact of this ideological reinterpretation on works of art, whose original religious message was thus gradually displaced. The article concludes that these paintings came, effectively, to extol a religiosity of splendour, representative of a desire to glorify both the host's good taste and God's greatness.
Reactive oxygen species and melanoma: an explanation for gender differences in survival?
Authors: Joosse Arjen , De Vries Esther , Van Eijck Casper H. , Eggermont Alexander M. M. , Nijsten Tamar , Coebergh Jan Willem W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEpidemiological research consistently shows a female advantage in melanoma survival. So far, no definite candidate for the explanation of this phenomenon has emerged. We propose that gender differences in oxidative stress caused by radical oxygen species (ROS) underlie these survival differences. It is known that males express lower amounts of anti‐oxidant enzymes, resulting in more oxidative stress than females. The primary melanoma environment is characterized by high ROS levels, from exogenous sources as well as ROS production within melanoma cells themselves. ROS are known to be able to promote metastasis through a wide variety of mechanisms. We hypothesize that the higher levels of ROS in men enhance selection of ROS‐resistance in melanoma cells. Subsequently, ROS can stimulate the metastatic potential of melanoma cells. In addition, due to the lower anti‐oxidant defenses in men, ROS produced by melanoma cells cause more damage to healthy tissues surrounding the tumor, further stimulating metastasis. Therefore, ROS may explain the observed differences between males and females in melanoma survival.
Donor Schizophrenia and Aid Effectiveness: The Role of Global Funds
Authors: Isenman Paul , Shakow Alexander 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis paper looks at what donors, who are at the same time funders and critics of global funds, can do to increase the coherence of their own policies and actions. The role of global funds – that is to say, global programmes with sectoral or sub‐sectoral earmarking and with substantial operations at the country level – has become increasingly prominent in the past decade as they have accounted for much of the increase in total aid and for most of the increase in aid for health. Some of the strongest criticism has come from aid donors who have supported the call in the Paris Declaration and the Accra Agenda for Action for supporting overall country strategies and systems. Yet those donors are the founders and funders of global funds and have a major role in setting their mandates and policies. Why this apparent schizophrenia? This paper, based on a set of interviews as well as published sources and the personal experiences of its authors, aims to provide a dispassionate view of the considerable strengths and weaknesses of both the global fund and Paris‐Accra approaches to aid effectiveness and, taking account of the internal incentives driving the behaviour of donors and other key stakeholders, to suggest how the two models can be used more effectively together. It calls for donor agencies to see funding of country programmes and global funds as complementary instruments in aid investment portfolios and to adjust internal policies and incentives to manage competition between sectors, including through increasing coherence of their representation on the boards of global funds. It calls for more effort at ‘thinking twice’ before starting new funds, for building the principles of Paris‐Accra into new global funds, and giving stronger encouragement to the efforts of existing global funds to retrofit these principles. As part of this effort, it calls for coherent strategies, agreed with ministers, that cover broad allocations between global and country programmes, rather than treating each new initiative in health or environment one by one. And it makes recommendations on a series of selected current policy issues, including sustainability, taking a broader view of country allocations, and mutual accountability.
Clinical application of continuous spirometry with a pitot‐based flow meter during equine anaesthesia
Authors: Moens Y. P. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis report documents the feasibility and clinical information provided by a new method for spirometric monitoring adapted for equine anaesthesia. Monitoring of ventilatory function was done with continuous spirometry during general anaesthesia of client‐owned horses presented for various diagnostic and surgical procedures. An anaesthetic monitor with a spirometry unit for human anaesthesia was used. To allow the measurement of large tidal volumes, a remodelled larger version of the pitot tube‐ based flow sensor was used. This technology provided reliable spirometric data even during prolonged anaesthesia when water condensation accumulated in the anaesthetic circuit and the sensor. In addition to flow and volume measurement and respiratory gas analysis, the continuous display of flow‐volume and pressure‐volume loops offered visually recognisable information about compliance, airway resistance and integrity of the circuit. Continuous spirometry with this monitoring system was helpful in evaluating the efficacy of spontaneous ventilation, in adjusting intermittent positive pressure ventilation and detecting technical faults in the anaesthetic apparatus and connection with the patient. This adapted spirometry method represents a practical and reliable measuring system for use during equine anaesthesia. The variety of information provides an opportunity to optimise anaesthetic management in this species.
Facilitated ankylosis of a juvenile, flexurally deformed, open, luxated and infected metacarpophalangeal joint using an alternative approach
Authors: Brommer H. , Weisler S. , Tatz A. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA 4‐day‐old Arabian filly was referred for severe lameness due to a flexurally deformed, open, luxated and infected metacarpophalangeal joint. Arthrodesis was indicated as progressive cartilage destruction and osteomyelitis developed. An alternative arthrodesis technique was employed, which consisted of a loop of cerclage wire running through predrilled holes in a lateromedial direction and dorsal to the central axis of the third metacarpal bone and proximal phalanx, in combination with external coaptation using a half‐limb transfixation cast. Ankylosis was radiographically confirmed after 4 weeks. The foal was discharged from the hospital with agrade 1out of5lameness and a 6–7° valgus deviation of the ankylosed metacarpophalangeal joint. At telephone follow‐up after 18 months, the owner reported persistence of the valgus deviation, soundness at walk, and a slight gait irregularity at trot. The described cerclage wire arthrodesis technique is a relatively simple method for attaining ankylosis that could be considered in similar cases.
Intra‐articular opioid analgesia is effective in reducing pain and inflammation in an equine LPS induced synovitis model
Authors: Van LOON J. P. A. M. , De GRAUW J. C. , Van DIERENDONCK M. , L'AMI J. J. , BACK W. , Van WEEREN P. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study: Intra‐articular administration of morphine as a local analgesic and anti‐inflammatory drug is widely used in human medicine. In equids, little is known about its clinical analgesic and anti‐inflammatory efficacy.Objectives: To use an inflammatory orthopaedic pain model to investigate the analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects of intra‐articularly administered morphine as a new treatment modality in horses with acute arthritis.Methods: In a crossover study design, synovitis was induced in the left or right talocrural joint by means of intra‐articular injection of 0.5 ng lipopolyssacharide (LPS). The effect of 120 mg morphine, intra‐articularly administered at 1 h after induction of synovitis, was evaluated using both physiological and behavioural pain variables. Synovial fluid was sampled at 0, 4, 8, 28 and 52 h after induction of synovitis and analysed for total protein concentration, leucocyte count and for prostaglandin E2, bradykinin and substance P concentrations by ELISA. Ranges of motion of metatarsophalangeal and talocrural joints were measured as kinematic variables with the horses walking and trotting on a treadmill under sound and lame conditions. Clinical lameness scores and several behavioural variables related to the perception of pain were obtained.Results: LPS injection caused marked transient synovitis, resulting in increased concentrations of inflammatory synovial fluid markers, clinical lameness, joint effusion and several behavioural changes, such as increased time spent recumbent, decreased limb loading at rest and decreased time spent eating silage. Intra‐articular morphine resulted in a significant decrease in synovial white blood cell count, prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin levels and improvement in clinical lameness, kinematic and behavioural parameters, compared to placebo treatment.Conclusions: Intra‐articular morphine offers potent analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects in horses suffering from acute synovitis.Potential relevance: Local administration of opioids may be useful for horses with acute inflammatory joint pain and offers possibilities for multimodal analgesic therapies without opioid‐related systemic side effects.
Catastrophic biaxial proximal sesamoid bone fractures in UK Thoroughbred races (1999–2004): Horse characteristics and racing history
Authors: KRISTOFFERSEN M. , PARKIN T. D. H. , SINGER E. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryReason for performing study:Catastrophic biaxial proximal sesamoid bone fractures (PSBF) have not yet been described in detail in the UK racing population.Objectives:To determine the incidence and relative risk (RR) of PSBF in different types of racing in the UK; and to describe horse‐level characteristics and racing histories of horses sustaining these injuries.Methods:Distal limbs were collected from all racehorses suffering catastrophic fractures during racing at all 59 racecourses in the UK, in a prospective study from February 1999 to December 2004.Post morteminvestigation identified the anatomical location and type of fracture. Horse, racing history, race and racecourse details were obtained. Characteristics of the horses that sustained PSBF were described. The incidence and RR of PSBF in the different types of racing in the UK were calculated.Results:Thirty‐one horses suffered PSBF during the study period. The incidence of PSBF in all types of race was 0.63 per 10,000 starts (31/494,744). The incidence was highest in flat races on all weather surfaces (1.63 per 10,000 starts: 12/73,467; RR = 4.4 when compared to turf flat racing). Affected horses had an average age of 5.6 years and had started a mean of 28 races at the time of fracture.Conclusion and potential relevance:There is a strong association between type of racing surface and PSBF. Horses competing in flat races on all weather surfaces have an increased risk of PSBF. These fractures appear to happen in experienced horses with several starts, with few fractures occurring within the first season of racing. Further research should focus on identification of underlying pathology of these fractures. Epidemiological studies aimed at the identification of risk factors for PSBF in the UK racing population would require a large number of cases acquired over many years given the relatively low incidence of PSBF.
Geometric realizations of the multiplihedra
Authors: Ma’u S. , Woodward C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe realize the multiplihedron geometrically as the moduli space of stable quilted disks. This generalizes the geometric realization of the associahedron as the moduli space of stable disks. We show that this moduli space is the non-negative real part of a complex moduli space of stable scaled marked curves.