bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual prevalence and factors associated with body mass index documentation in German general practices—A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Orozco‐Ruiz Ximena , Sarabhai Theresia , Kostev Karel 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of body mass index (BMI) documentation by general practitioners (GPs) in Germany and identify associated patient characteristics and determinants.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional analysis was conducted using data from the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database, which provides anonymized medical data from over 3000 office‐based GPs and specialists in Germany. The study included 989 955 patients aged ≥18 years who visited their GP in 2023 and were categorized based on whether they had documented BMI. The prevalence and likelihood of BMI documentation were assessed across age group, sex, health insurance and several health disorders. Associations were analysed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsBMI documentation was recorded for only 10.8% of the patients. The prevalence increased with age (7.3% for ≤40 years to 13.8% for those >70 years) and with the number of health disorders (7.3% for patients with no disorders to 23.2% for patients with more than four disorders). No notable differences were observed between sexes or insurance. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that older age groups (61–70 years: OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.43–1.49) and disorders such as obesity (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 2.01–2.21) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 2.08–2.17) had the strongest association with BMI documentation.ConclusionsBMI is not documented routinely by GPs in Germany. However, older age and the presence of several disorders increase the likelihood of recording this information. These findings underscore a need to prioritize obesity assessment and management in primary care settings in Germany.
Increased Afterload in Patients With Acute Reduction in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Following Mitral Valve Transcatheter Edge‐to‐Edge Repair
Authors: Hashimoto Kaho , Nagai Tomoo , Kamioka Norihiko , Noda Satoshi , Horinouchi Hitomi , Murakami Tsutomu , Miyamoto Junichi , Yoshioka Koichiro , Ohno Yohei , Ikari Yuji 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe mechanisms and clinical importance of acute reduction (ARD) in left ventricular (LV) function following transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) for mitral regurgitation (MR) remains unclear. This study aimed to non‐invasively evaluate the cardio‐mechanical parameters, including end‐systolic elastance (Ees) and arterial elastance (Ea), to explore their association with ARD following mitral TEER.Methods and ResultsWe performed a retrospective analysis of serial transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) studies before and after mitral TEER. Cardio‐mechanical parameters were evaluated non‐invasively using a modified single‐beat method. After the exclusion of nine patients requiring intravenous catecholamine infusion, the study cohort comprised 49 consecutive patients (25 men; mean age: 81 ± 9 years) with successful mitral TEER. ARD in LV function was defined as a decrease in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥5 points following the procedure by TTE, which was reported in 18 patients. The hospitalization period was longer in patients with ARD in LVEF than in those without ARD (5.5 days vs. 4 days, p = 0.031). Following improvement in MR, Ea increased (1.54 ± 0.49 mmHg/mL vs. 1.84 ± 0.55 mmHg/mL, p = 0.004). Linear regression analysis revealed a correlation between Δtotal stroke volume (SV) and ΔEa (r = 0.614, p < 0.0001). Notably, ΔEa was higher in patients with ARD in LVEF than in those without ARD in LVEF (0.60 ± 0.73 mmHg/mL vs. 0.14 ± 0.39 mmHg/mL, p = 0.006).ConclusionARD in LVEF after mitral TEER was reported in a substantial proportion of patients and may have prognostic implications. Evaluating cardio‐mechanical parameters may aid in understanding complex hemodynamics and guiding treatment strategies for patients with MR undergoing TEER.
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Cardiac CT Imaging for Ischemic Disease Assessment
Authors: Siciliano Gianluca G. , Onnis Carlotta , Barr Jaret , Assen Marly van , De Cecco Carlo N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence (AI) has transformed medical imaging by detecting insights and patterns often imperceptible to the human eye, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. In cardiovascular imaging, numerous AI models have been developed for cardiac computed tomography (CCT), a primary tool for assessing coronary artery disease (CAD). CCT provides comprehensive, non‐invasive assessment, including plaque burden, stenosis severity, and functional assessments such as CT‐derived fractional flow reserve (FFRct). Its prognostic value in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) has increased the demand for CCT, consequently adding to radiologists’ workloads. This review aims to examine AI's role in CCT for ischemic heart disease, highlighting its potential to streamline workflows and improve the efficiency of cardiac care through machine learning and deep learning applications.
Intersectoral Conflict, Exchange Rate Uncertainty, and Delays in Macroeconomic Stabilization
Authors: Razmi Arslan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAn important body of literature explores the political economy reasons underlying delays in macroeconomic stabilization. This paper develops a framework to analyze the conflict between two risk‐averse groups of economic actors, one that has an endowment of internationally tradable goods and another that is endowed with nontradable goods: both endowments require imported inputs to consume. The focus is on the exchange rate policy in a developing country setup, where the government employs seigniorage revenue to finance prestabilization spending, and faces fiscal and balance of payments problems that necessitate stabilization with a step devaluation. Trade misinvoicing, the presence of exchange rate uncertainty and its interaction with import costs, the role of forward‐looking expectations, and the possibility of foreign/IMF aid influence the likelihood, timing, and terms of a consensus on stabilization in interesting ways. Crucially, given instrument uncertainty, delays may occur even if both sets of agents have perfect foresight and nontradable endowment‐holders realize that their relative position deteriorates over time.
Effects of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Introduction on Andean Stream Food Webs
Authors: Cespedes Adriana Marcela Forero , Correa Sandra Bibiana , Villa Navarro Francisco Antonio 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroduced species are one of the biggest threats to aquatic ecosystems. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmonidae) is considered one of the most dangerous introduced predatory fish species, as they often put native species at risk of extinction. This study evaluated the effects of rainbow trout introduction on Andean stream food webs. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of rainbow trout changes Andean stream food webs by changing the diet of other carnivorous species and the energy source supporting native fish species. We sampled streams with and without rainbow trout and with different vegetation cover (i.e., pastures and crops versus forest) and combined data from stomach contents and stable isotopes. We analyed stomach contents from 231 specimens of two native catfish species and 116 rainbow trout specimens. Our results demonstrate that aquatic insects are essential in Andean stream food webs, where collector gatherers and scrapers were the most consumed and assimilated by catfish and rainbow trout species. Leaf litter was predicted to be the primary energy source in streams with forest cover. In contrast, periphyton contributed the most in streams with pastures and crops. We conclude that the presence of trout coupled with use/land cover (i.e., vegetation cover) exerts a substantial effect on Andean stream food webs. Protection of riparian forests of the Andean streams of Colombia is needed to guarantee the stability of aquatic food webs and thus help native species coexist with established non‐native species introduced decades ago.
Suicidality in Primary Care, Youth Mental Health Services: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Implications for Practice
Authors: Albrecht Sabina , Rickwood Debra , Telford Nic , Privitera Georgia , Palfrey Nicola 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionYouth suicide is a concern worldwide, and suicidality—the presence of suicidal ideation or intent—is a critical risk for youth mental health services. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidality in primary care, youth mental health services, along with its correlates and the course of treatment offered to clients.MethodsRoutinely collected data from Australia's headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation, which has over 160 centres across Australia providing mental health care to young people aged 12–25 years, were analysed for new clients who started and completed their first episode of care between 1 July 2022 and 30 June 2023. This included 30 437 young people/episodes of care and 74 393 occasions of service.ResultsResults showed that suicidality was evident in almost one‐quarter of young people, although it was rarely reported as a primary presenting issue. When present, it was usually identified at first visit. Those most at risk were young people in unstable accommodation, who identified as LGBTIQA+ or who were indigenous.ConclusionsThe findings show that suicidality should be anticipated in young people presenting to primary care mental health settings, and youth services need to be able to competently deal with suicide risk rather than using this as exclusion criteria.
Industrial Strikes in Higher Education: Ascertaining Causes and the Levels of Effect From Developing Economy Perspectives
Authors: Addo Edna , Segbenya Moses , Ampofo Samuel Yaw 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examined industrial strikes in higher education: Ascertaining causes and the levels of effect from a developing economy perspective. The study adopted the positivist philosophical position and a quantitative approach to collect data from 523 staff members of 30 Colleges of Education in a developing economy situated in Africa. Data analysis was performed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM). The study found that strikes among higher education staff in developing economies were influenced by both economic and non‐economic factors. These factors subsequently affected productivity at Colleges of Education and subsequently affected students, teachers and the country as a whole. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the management of Colleges of Education that also doubles as the representatives of the employer or government should improve the condition of service for employees at the college by enhancing their salary, other allowances and fringe benefits.
Atypical Hairy Cell Leukemia—The Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Robak Tadeusz , Robak Marta , Majchrzak Agata , Krawczyńska Anna , Braun Marcin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, chronic lymphoid leukemia characterized by circulating lymphocytes with pale, hair‐like cytoplasmic projections, pancytopenia, marked monocytopenia, and splenomegaly. Classic HCL displays distinct morphological, immunophenotypical, and genetic features. Classic HCL cells exhibit central nuclei, abundant cytoplasm with hair‐like projections, and expression of CD20, CD22, CD11c, CD103, CD25, CD123, TBX21, annexin A1 (ANXA1), FMC7, CD200, and weak cyclin D1 (CCND1). While the vast majority of classic HCL cases harbor the BRAF V600E somatic mutation, rare examples have been reported without splenomegaly, with bulky lymphadenopathy, or with an atypical morphology, immunophenotype or genotype. This review analyzes the atypical clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic presentations associated with classic HCL. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for articles of hairy cell leukemia, including atypical morphology, atypical immunophenotype, atypical genotype, and rare symptoms. Publications from October 2004 to December 2024 were reviewed, with additional relevant studies obtained by reviewing references from selected articles.
Assessing the Impact of Capillary Moisture on Topsoil Carbon Mineralisation in Flemish Cropland Using a Physical Barrier
Authors: Françoys Astrid , Hu Junwei , Dewitte Kevin , Boeckx Pascal , Cornelis Wim , De Neve Stefaan , Sleutel Steven 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo accurately predict soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under a changing climate, models must properly integrate soil hydrological controls. In Northwest Europe, prolonged droughts are expected, during which capillary moisture transport may help maintain topsoil moisture. At present, the importance of capillary moisture supply for topsoil moisture during dry summers remains uncertain, and so it is not clear if account thereof during SOC stock simulation is needed. This study aimed to determine whether a ~2‐m deep groundwater table supplies moisture to topsoil during a dry summer and its effect on SOC mineralisation in six croplands across common textures (loamy sand, (sandy) loam and silt loam) in Flanders. We adopted a novel approach by installing repacked topsoil columns in situ within the plough layer, with or without a gravel layer below to act as a hydraulic barrier. In the loamy sand and (sandy) loam soils, groundwater tables of up to 2.3‐m depth appeared too deep to affect topsoil through capillary moisture transport in our setup since topsoil was even slightly wetter in the gravel treatment, likely due to impeded downward water redistribution following rainfall. This artefact could be avoided with deeper barrier placement. In contrast, in the silt loam fields with groundwater tables up to 2‐m depth, soil at a 15‐cm depth was significantly wetter (25% volumetric water content (VWC) and a matric suction of −405 cm water height (WH)) when upward water transport was unobstructed compared to when it was blocked by the gravel barrier (18% VWC and −445 cm WH) during a 1‐month drought period with very limited rainfall (5.8 mm). Surprisingly, this moisture increase via capillary rise did not enhance C mineralisation. Apparently, in these silt loam soils, C mineralization did not strongly depend on moisture, whereas in the coarser loamy sand soil, temporal moisture fluctuations had a greater impact on C mineralisation. This suggests that if capillary rise were to reach the topsoil, for instance with shallower groundwater, it could potentially influence C mineralisation. However, further research is needed to confirm this effect. Overall, whether groundwater moisture supply significantly impacted topsoil moisture and C mineralisation could only be evaluated in the silt loam croplands. Nonetheless, the proposed hydraulic barrier, with a recommended deeper installation, offers a promising tool for further testing conditions where capillary wetting may influence SOC dynamics.
Acute and persistent changes in neural oscillatory activity predict development of epilepsy following acute organophosphate intoxication in adult rats
Authors: MacMahon Jeremy A. , Andrew Peter M. , Izadi Ali , Bruun Donald A. , Saito Naomi H. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Brooks‐Kayal Amy , Lein Pamela J. , Gurkoff Gene G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveAcute organophosphate (OP) intoxication affects a significant number of individuals worldwide. Those who survive OP‐induced cholinergic crisis, which includes status epilepticus, often develop neurological morbidities. Here, we provide a rigorous characterization of the acute and delayed electrophysiological responses to OP intoxication with the goal of identifying early electrophysiological changes that predict later brain changes, including spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS).MethodsMale and female rats were implanted with electroencephalographic (EEG) and intracranial EEG electrodes prior to acute intoxication with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). All animals received standard of care therapeutics and were recorded continuously for 70 min post‐DFP, then again for 5 min at 180 min post‐DFP, 1 day postexposure (DPE), 3 DPE, and 7 DPE. Between 7 and 14 DPE, animals were recorded continuously.ResultsIn both sexes, acute DFP intoxication produced rapid and robust elevations in broadband power that were reduced but not terminated by midazolam (MDZ). Theta–delta ratio (TDR) was reduced immediately following DFP exposure and was further depressed by MDZ intervention. In the days that followed, broadband power and TDR recovered toward baseline. From 7 to 14 DPE, electrographic spiking was observed in all animals, and 80% developed SRS. Increased broadband power during status epilepticus was positively correlated with spike rate and SRS frequency. Slower recovery of broadband power to baseline in the days following exposure also correlated with increased SRS burden. Finally, a higher acute TDR correlated with increased spike rates at 3 and 7 DPE.SignificanceThe data presented in this study provide a rigorous characterization of post‐DFP electrographic sequelae that significantly extends the field's current understanding of electrophysiological shifts caused by acute OP intoxication. Critically, we identified potential EEG‐based biomarkers that may identify at‐risk patients in a clinical setting.
Project WORMS (working to overcome resistance and make for a sustainable future): Horse owner survey of equine parasite control. Part 2. Anthelmintic use
Authors: Shrubb J. , Robinson N. , Rendle D. , Schofield I. , Scott C. , Crabtree J. , Hunter G. , Dean R. , Parker R. , Mair T. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryBackgroundAnthelmintic resistance in equine parasites is increasing; frequent anthelmintic use accelerates it.ObjectivesTo investigate how horse owners use diagnostic testing and anthelmintics to control intestinal parasites.Study designCross‐sectional study conducted through an online questionnaire of UK horse owners.MethodsThe questionnaire (combination of multiple choice, Likert scale and free text questions) was distributed via practices, equestrian organisations, etc. from December 2021 to October 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed in Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS.ResultsThere were 4232 usable responses. Owners of horses on livery yards were less likely to make anthelmintic‐use decisions than those on private properties (p < 0.001); managers made decisions in 39.6% of horses on livery yards. Over half (52.0%) administered anthelmintics based on faecal egg counts (FECs)/tapeworm ELISA results, but 30.0% gave anthelmintics at least annually regardless of any results. Owners who sought veterinary advice were more likely to administer anthelmintics based on test results (both p < 0.001). The frequency of routine worming was higher if they did not test (p < 0.001); 88.9% wormed all horses on pasture at the same time. Moxidectin was the first choice for 82.2% of owners. Regular FECs were performed by 84.7%, higher for those who sought veterinary advice (89.3%, p < 0.001). Tapeworm ELISAs were utilised by 40.8%, higher for those on a health programme (68.1%; p < 0.001); 58.5% were routinely treated for tapeworms regardless of test results.Main limitationsSelection bias and social desirability bias. Horse owners were asked to complete the survey for one horse only.ConclusionsThe uptake of diagnostic testing, particularly FECs, was higher than previously reported, but routine anthelmintic use was still common. Horse owners who sought advice from their veterinarian, or whose horse was enrolled in a health programme, were more likely to take a diagnostic‐led approach to parasite control.
Population pharmacokinetics of sivelestat in Chinese patients with severe pneumonia
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Hu Huiliang , Li Ziran , Zhang Peng , Pan Lei , Wang Lei , Mao Jingqin , Li Feng , Zhang Lijun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundSivelestat sodium, an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, was broadly used in the treatment of severe pneumonia. However, the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of sivelestat in patients with severe pneumonia were still unknown.ObjectivesTo understand the PK characteristics of sivelestat for optimizing the dose in Chinese patients with severe pneumonia.MethodsIn this study, we enrolled 15 participants who received sivelestat 300–500 mg every 24 h with an infusion duration of 5 to 14 days. Blood samples of 48 were collected and separated for plasma drug concentration detection by an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis of sivelestat was performed using a monolix2024R1 software. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to assess various dosing schedules and varying covariate levels within the desired therapeutic drug‐monitoring concentration range (Cmin,ss 8–12 mg/L).ResultsThe patients had a mean age of 65 years (range, 35–87), with 2 females and 13 males. These data were best described by a one‐compartment model with proportional residual error. The apparent distribution volume and apparent clearance (CL) of sivelestat were 20.88 L and 1.79 L/h, respectively. The clearance of sivelestat is influenced by the covariate total bilirubin (TBIL), prompting a recommendation for a reduced dose in patients with elevated TBIL levels.ConclusionIn conclusion, our findings suggest that the CL/F in patients with severe pneumonia is similar to that in healthy individuals. TBIL can affect CL/F of sivelestat; therefore, TBIL‐based dosing regimens provide a practical strategy for achieving sivelestat therapy.
Eye care practitioners and falls prevention for older adults: A scoping review
Authors: Chen Jingyi , Alam Khyber , Lee Si Ye , Hill Anne‐Marie 
Published: February 2025

AimEye care practitioners are well‐placed in the community to provide falls prevention advice to older adults, but existing literature offers scant insight into whether this occurs in practice. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize the evidence for community eye care practitioners' awareness and behaviors in falls prevention in older adults, as well as barriers and enablers to implementation of falls evidence.MethodsThis review process was guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework for scoping reviews and PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Embase, Web of Science and OpenMD were searched for published and gray literature between January 1990 to October 2024. Data were mapped against the World Falls Guidelines framework of: (i) risk stratification, (ii) assessment, and (iii) management, and a barriers and enablers framework.ResultsA total of 19 sources met the inclusion criteria. Few studies directly captured results from eye care practitioners. The results suggested a gap in implementation of falls guideline evidence. Community eye care practitioners had low levels of awareness about falls, and were not routinely implementing falls history taking, risk stratification and assessment of contrast, visual fields, and stereopsis. Eye care practitioners might not be referring patients for exercise and environmental interventions.ConclusionThe evidence suggests that eye care practitioners have some awareness of falls prevention, but might benefit from better understanding of evidence‐based falls guidelines. There appeared to be gaps that exist between evidence and translation into practice. Future studies should explore practitioner experiences and implementation efforts to improve falls prevention in community eye care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••–••.