bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography morphometric analysis for translaminar screw fixation in the upper thoracic spine of the pediatric population
Authors: Patel Akash J. , Cherian Jacob , Fulkerson Daniel H. , Fox Benjamin D. , Chern Joshua J. , Whitehead William E. , Curry Daniel J. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew 
Published: April 2011

Object
Translaminar screw (TLS) fixation can be used safely and efficaciously for upper cervical fusion in children. No published studies have evaluated this technique in the thoracic spine of the pediatric population, and thus the authors undertook such an analysis.

Methods
The upper thoracic spines (T1–4) of 130 patients, consisting of 70 boys and 60 girls, were studied using CT scans. Laminar height and thickness, screw length, and screw angle were measured. Exclusion criteria included the following: patients older than 18 years of age, trauma or congenital abnormalities of the thoracic spine, or absent demographic information or imaging studies through T-4. Statistical analysis was performed using paired or unpaired Student t-tests (p < 0.05) and linear regression analysis.

Results
The mean laminar heights for T-1, T-2, T-3, and T-4 were as follows: 12.3 ± 3.4, 13.0 ± 3.5, 13.4 ± 3.8, and 14.7 ± 4.1 mm, respectively. The mean laminar widths were 6.5 ± 1.3, 6.6 ± 1.3, 6.6 ± 1.3, and 6.6 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. The mean screw lengths were 29.9 ± 4.1, 25.2 ± 3.5, 22.7 ± 3.2, and 21.6 ± 3.1 mm, respectively. The mean screw angles were 47° ± 4°, 48° ± 4°, 51° ± 4°, and 53° ± 5°, respectively. There were no significant differences between the right and left sides. However, significant differences were found when comparing patients younger than 8 years with those who were 8 years or older, and when comparing boys and girls.

Conclusions
Careful preoperative thin-cut CT with sagittal reconstruction is mandatory to determine if the placement of TLSs is feasible in the pediatric population. Based on CT analysis, the insertion of TLSs in the pediatric thoracic spine is possible in all patients older than 8 years and in many patients younger than 8 years. Boys could accept longer screws in the upper thoracic spine compared with girls.
Management of complex giant spinal arachnoid cysts presenting with myelopathy
Authors: Furtado Sunil V. , Thakar Sumit , Murthy Ganesh K. , Dadlani Ravi , Hegde Alangar S. 
Published: April 2011

A giant spinal arachnoid cyst is an unusual cause of progressive epidural compressive syndrome. The authors describe 4 cases of a “complex” subtype of this lesion and discuss aspects of surgical management. The patients presented with progressive spastic paraparesis and were found to harbor extensive spinal extradural arachnoid cysts with multiple septations and significant paraspinal extensions. Extensive laminotomy and excision of the cyst along with its extensions were performed in all cases.
Compared with previously indexed cases of surgically managed extensive spinal extradural arachnoid cysts, the cases reported here are unique because of their complex nature. Curative treatment consists of radical excision inclusive of the paraspinal extensions as well as closure of a dural defect, if found. A laminotomy or laminoplasty should be performed to avoid postoperative instability related to the extensive exposure. Extended follow-up and instrumentation may be required in select cases.
Biagio Bartalini's “Catalogo dei corpi marini fossili che si trovano intorno a Siena” (1776)
Authors: Manganelli Giuseppe , Benocci Andrea , Spadini Valeriano 
Published: April 2011

In 1776, the Sienese botanist Biagio Bartalini (1750–1822) published a catalogue of wild plants growing around Siena, adding an appendix on fossils found in the same area, that is the first monograph on Sienese fossils and one of the first works of its kind in Italy. This paper provides tentative identifications of the species and an analysis of the value and meaning of Bartalini's work. The catalogue reports 72 species, each denoted by a list of names applied to analogous living taxa. Identification of single entities is extremely problematical because it can only be attempted through analysis of the literature, since the original material cannot be traced. The most interesting report is the first record of a Euro-Mediterranean Pliocene species of Sthenorytis (Gastropoda, Epitoniidae). Though important, the catalogue is incomplete, with oversights and mistakes, suggesting little familiarity with the subject. Shortcomings include some inconsistencies in the species sequence, the report of giant clams and the absence of molluscs ubiquitous in the Sienese Pliocene and sharks. Nor is it true that it is the first Italian palaeontological work in which binomial nomenclature was used, as sometimes claimed.
Development of microsatellite markers for Aulonemia aristulata (Poaceae) and cross‐amplification in other bamboo species
Authors: Abreu Aluana G. , Grombone‐Guaratini Maria T. , Monteiro Mariza , Pinheiro José B. , Tombolato Antonio F.C. , Zucchi Maria I. 
Published: March 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Aulonemia aristulata, an endangered species of economic interest, to further describe its genetic variability and population structure. We also tested cross‐amplification in 18 other bamboo species.• Methods and Results: Using an enrichment genomic library, 13 microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in A. aristulata. Seven of these loci were polymorphic. Twelve markers were cross‐amplified in at least ten of the tested bamboo species.• Conclusions: These markers will be useful for studies on the genetic diversity and structure of A. aristulata, which are important for future conservation, management and breeding programs of this species.
Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treated with Etanercept
Authors: van DIJKEN TRUDY D. , VASTERT SEBASTIAAN J. , GERLONI VALERIA M. , PONTIKAKI IRENE , LINNEMANN KRISTINA , GIRSCHICK HERMANN , ARMBRUST WINEKE , MINDEN KIRSTEN , PRINCE FEMKE H.M. , KOKKE FREDDY T.M. , NIEUWENHUIS EDWARD E.S. , HORNEFF GERD , WULFFRAAT NICO M. 
Published: April 2011

Objective.With the increasing use of etanercept for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) new possible adverse events are reported including new autoimmune diseases. Our purpose was to examine if the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with JIA using etanercept is higher than in the healthy age-matched population. We give the clinical characteristics of the IBD in patients with JIA using etanercept.Methods.The national JIA registries for etanercept of The Netherlands, Germany, Finland, Denmark, and Italy were searched for patients with JIA and IBD. The total number of patient-years was used to calculate incidence. The physicians of the identified patients were asked to give clinical details.Results.Thirteen cases of IBD in JIA patients were identified in the registries between 1999 and 2008. The IBD incidence in JIA patients while using etanercept was 362 per 100,000 patient-years under etanercept, about 43 times higher than in the general pediatric population. Clinical presentation of IBD in JIA patients using etanercept was similar to that in non-JIA patients. The median time between onset of JIA and onset of IBD was 6 years and 10 months. The time between the start of etanercept and the first appearance of IBD symptoms was between 9 days and 4.5 years.Conclusion.The incidence of IBD in JIA patients using etanercept seems to be markedly increased, analyzing data from European registries. This incidence of IBD in the etanercept registries cannot be compared to the incidence of IBD in JIA patients using other treatment without etanercept, because such registries do not exist yet in all European countries. These findings are in keeping with a report of 8 new IBD cases occurring in French children with JIA using etanercept. These findings illustrate the need for large international disease-specific registries focused on outcome and pharmacovigilance.
Alceste comme outil de traitement d'entretiens semi-directifs : essai et critiques pour un usage en sociologie
Authors: Dalud-Vincent Monique 
Published: April 2011

Les logiciels d’analyse textuelle se multiplient et le sociologue est confronté à la question du bien-fondé de leur utilisation. Si, d’un côté, on peut voir une augmentation du volume de textes que l’on peut traiter et un gain de temps certain, de l’autre, on peut s’interroger sur la manière de traiter les données, les hypothèses implicites mises en œuvre dans de tels outils. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons au logiciel Alceste et nous tentons de déconstruire sa manière de traiter du texte en général, des entretiens semi-directifs en particulier à partir d’une problématique particulière. En tenant compte essentiellement d’hypothèses sur les mots concentrant le sens d’un texte d’après leur nature grammaticale mais aussi d’hypothèses sur la manière de découper le texte en Unités de Contexte et en cherchant à se trouver dans les « bonnes » conditions d’applications de certains outils statistiques, Max Reinert construit un « résumé » (parmi tant d’autres possibles) du corpus pris comme « un tout ». Ce « résumé » et son traitement, basé sur les régularités, n’intègrent à aucun moment les hypothèses et le point de vue théorique du sociologue.
L'application du modèle de l'Imaginaire linguistique à des corpus écrits : le cas des chroniques de langage dans la presse québécoise
Authors: Remysen Wim 
Published: April 2011

Cet article porte sur le modèle de l’Imaginaire linguistique, développé dès les années 1980 par Anne-Marie Houdebine. Il a pour objectif de montrer comment ce modèle, conçu dans le but de mieux comprendre le rôle que jouent les attitudes linguistiques des locuteurs dans l’évaluation de leurs usages et de ceux des autres, peut servir à analyser la façon dont sont construits les discours portant sur la norme en matière de langue. Nous montrerons plus précisément comment nous nous sommes servi du modèle pour analyser un type de discours normatif particulier, les chroniques de langage, c’est-à-dire des séries d’articles consacrés à la langue et publiés dans des journaux. Il s’agira d’illustrer comment le modèle d’Houdebine nous a permis d’établir une grille d’analyse permettant d’inventorier et d’étudier les différents arguments dont les chroniqueurs se servent pour évaluer l’acceptabilité des faits de langue qu’ils commentent. Par ailleurs, nous proposerons une réflexion critique au sujet du modèle à la lumière de notre analyse, notamment dans le but de l’enrichir. Notre analyse porte sur un corpus composé de 31 chroniques de langage publiées dans la presse québécoise entre 1865 et 1996.
Migrations des jeunes filles au Mali : exploitation ou émancipation ?
Authors: Lesclingand Marie 
Published: March 2011

Résumé	Les migrations féminines de nature économique en augmentation depuis plusieurs décennies sont fortement liées au marché domestique. Ainsi, au Mali, des jeunes filles originaires de zones rurales migrent vers les grands centres urbains où elles sont employées comme « petites bonnes » chez des particuliers. Dans une population rurale malienne, ce type de mobilité a connu un essor tout à fait spectaculaire depuis la fin des années 1980. Cet article analyse leur développement à partir de données d’enquêtes réalisées d’une part auprès de populations rurales du Mali mais également à Bamako, principale destination de ces migrations. La confrontation de différents points de vue et discours permet de relativiser une approche « misérabiliste » associant mobilité féminine et travail des enfants à des formes de prostitution et d’exploitation, en mettant en évidence l’aspect formateur et émancipateur de ces expériences migratoires.
Use of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters As an Alternative to Central Catheters in Neurocritical Care Units
Authors: DeLemos Christi , Abi-Nader Judy , Akins Paul T. 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundPatients in neurological critical care units often have lengthy stays that require extended vascular access and invasive hemodynamic monitoring. The traditional approach for these patients has relied heavily on central venous and pulmonary artery catheters. The aim of this study was to evaluate peripherally inserted central catheters as an alternative to central venous catheters in neurocritical care settings.MethodsData on 35 patients who had peripherally inserted central catheters rather than central venous or pulmonary artery catheters for intravascular access and monitoring were collected from a prospective registry of neurological critical care admissions. These data were cross-referenced with information from hospital-based data registries for peripherally inserted central catheters and subarachnoid hemorrhage.ResultsComplete data were available on 33 patients with Hunt-Hess grade IV–V aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Catheters remained in place a total of 649 days (mean, 19 days; range, 4–64 days). One patient (3%) had deep vein thrombosis in an upper extremity. In 2 patients, central venous pressure measured with a peripherally inserted catheter was higher than pressure measured concurrently with a central venous catheter. None of the 33 patients had a central catheter bloodstream infection or persistent insertion-related complications.ConclusionsUse of peripherally inserted central catheters rather than central venous catheters or pulmonary artery catheters in the neurocritical care unit reduced procedural and infection risk without compromising patient management.
The PPE18 Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhibits NF-κB/rel–Mediated Proinflammatory Cytokine Production by Upregulating and Phosphorylating Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein
Authors: Nair Shiny , Pandey Akhilesh Datt , Mukhopadhyay Sangita 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria are known to suppress proinflammatory cytokines like IL-12 and TNF-α for a biased Th2 response that favors a successful infection and its subsequent intracellular survival. However, the signaling pathways targeted by the bacilli to inhibit production of these cytokines are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the PPE18 protein of M. tuberculosis inhibits LPS-induced IL-12 and TNF-α production by blocking nuclear translocation of p50, p65 NF-κB, and c-rel transcription factors. We found that PPE18 upregulates the expression as well as tyrosine phosphorylation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), and the phosphorylated SOCS3 physically interacts with IκBα–NF-κB/rel complex, inhibiting phosphorylation of IκBα at the serine 32/36 residues by IκB kinase-β, and thereby prevents nuclear translocation of the NF-κB/rel subunits in LPS-activated macrophages. Specific knockdown of SOCS3 by small interfering RNA enhanced IκBα phosphorylation, leading to increased nuclear levels of NF-κB/rel transcription factors vis-a-vis IL-12 p40 and TNF-α production in macrophages cotreated with PPE18 and LPS. The PPE18 protein did not affect the IκB kinase-β activity. Our study describes a novel mechanism by which phosphorylated SOCS3 inhibits NF-κB activation by masking the phosphorylation site of IκBα. Also, this study highlights the possible mechanisms by which the M. tuberculosis suppresses production of proinflammatory cytokines using PPE18.
Mapping of Conformational IgE Epitopes with Peptide-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Reveals Simultaneous Binding of Different IgE Antibodies to a Surface Patch on the Major Birch Pollen Allergen, Bet v 1
Authors: Gieras Anna , Cejka Petra , Blatt Katharina , Focke-Tejkl Margarete , Linhart Birgit , Flicker Sabine , Stoecklinger Angelika , Marth Katharina , Drescher Anja , Thalhamer Josef , Valent Peter , Majdic Otto , Valenta Rudolf 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Allergic inflammation is based on the cross-linking of mast cell and basophil-bound IgE Abs and requires at least two binding sites for IgE on allergens, which are difficult to characterize because they are often conformational in nature. We studied the IgE recognition of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, a major allergen for &gt;100 million allergic patients. Monoclonal and polyclonal Abs raised against Bet v 1-derived peptides were used to compete with allergic patients’ IgE binding to Bet v 1 to search for sequences involved in IgE recognition. Strong inhibitions of patients’ IgE binding to Bet v 1 (52–75%) were obtained with mAbs specific for two peptides comprising aa 29–58 (P2) and aa 73–103 (P6) of Bet v 1. As determined by surface plasmon resonance, mAb2 specific for P2 and mAb12 specific for P6 showed high affinity, but only polyclonal rabbit anti-P2 and anti-P6 Abs or a combination of mAbs inhibited allergen-induced basophil degranulation. Thus, P2 and P6 define a surface patch on the Bet v 1 allergen, which allows simultaneous binding of several different IgE Abs required for efficient basophil and mast cell activation. This finding explains the high allergenic activity of the Bet v 1 allergen. The approach of using peptide-specific Abs for the mapping of conformational IgE epitopes on allergens may be generally applicable. It may allow discriminating highly allergenic from less allergenic allergen molecules and facilitate the rational design of active and passive allergen-specific immunotherapy strategies.
TLR5-Deficient Mice Lack Basal Inflammatory and Metabolic Defects but Exhibit Impaired CD4 T Cell Responses to a Flagellated Pathogen
Authors: Letran Shirdi E. , Lee Seung-Joo , Atif Shaikh M. , Flores-Langarica Adriana , Uematsu Satoshi , Akira Shizuo , Cunningham Adam F. , McSorley Stephen J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
TLR5-deficient mice have been reported to develop spontaneous intestinal inflammation and metabolic abnormalities. However, we report that TLR5-deficient mice from two different animal colonies display no evidence of basal inflammatory disease, metabolic abnormalities, or enhanced resistance to Salmonella infection. In contrast, the absence of TLR5 hindered the initial activation and clonal expansion of intestinal flagellin-specific CD4 T cells following oral Salmonella infection. Together, these data demonstrate that a basal inflammatory phenotype is not a consistent feature of TLR5-deficient mice and document a novel role for TLR5 in the rapid targeting of flagellin by intestinal pathogen-specific CD4 T cells.
Metabolic Abnormalities in Abstinent Methamphetamine Dependent subjects
Authors: Sailasuta Napapon , Abulseoud Osama , Hernandez Martha , Haghani Poone , Ross Brian D 
Published: March 2011

Introduction Chronic methamphetamine use results in persistent neuropsychological deficits in abstinent methamphetamine dependent (AMD) subjects. We examined the hypothesis that elevated concentration of cerebral glutamate (Glu), an excitatory neurotransmitter and neurotoxin, occurs in human AMD. Materials and Methods We examined 40 subjects, 18 of whom were AMD, abstinent more than 3 weeks and 22 were age matched controls. A Structured Clinical Interview was applied to exclude AMD with comorbid depression. We used TE-Averaged technique of MRS to uniquely identify and quantify the glutamate resonance at 2.35 ppm on a 3T clinical MR scanner. Statistics, including Bonferroni correction for multiple MRS variables were applied. Results Glu was significantly higher in frontal white matter of AMD (+19%, P = 0.01) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA), an axonal marker, was lower (-14%, P = 0.004). No significant MRS abnormalities were detected in posterior gray matter. Significant correlations were observed between NAA and Glu ( P = 0.002 for AMD and P = 0.06 for controls in the posterior gray matter and P = 0.01 for controls and not significant for AMD in the frontal white matter). Conclusion Our results demonstrate a significant excess of glutamate in frontal white matter of AMD subjects and offer support for the hypothesis that methamphetamine abuse may exert its long-term neuro-toxicity via glutamate.
Avoiding DWI among Bar-room Drinkers: Strategies and Predictors
Authors: Caudill Barry D. , Rogers John W. , Howard Jan , Frissell Kevin C. , Harding Wayne M. 
Published: March 2011

We examined the prevalence and predictors of 11strategies to avoid driving when feeling intoxicated among 561 bar-room patrons in two medium-sized Maryland communities. Logistic regression analyses identified demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal predictors of avoidance strategies and interactions among predictors. Overall, 89% reported one or more DWI avoidance actions in the past year, and 38% reported driving intoxicated during that time. Average frequencies of avoidance behavior and intoxicated driving increased significantly as drinking level increased. However, the higher the drinking level, the smaller the ratio of avoidance actions to DWI experiences, highlighting the vulnerability of heavy drinkers who had driven intoxicated. Using a sober driver or one who allegedly drank less than the respondent were the most popular and frequent strategies, but paying for a cab, walking, and using a bus or free cab were relatively unpopular. Higher drinking levels predicted significantly higher odds of using avoidance approaches, as did intoxicated driving. Confidence in driving safely when intoxicated was positively related to drinking level and intoxicated driving, but it tended to predict lower odds of avoidance actions. Similarly, marital status, age, gender, and location influenced the odds of avoidance behaviors. Interventions should be strategically tailored to exploit or counter drinker predilections among avoidance options.
Chemical structure of european bison musculus longissimus dorsi at different stages of age
Authors: Haščí­k Peter , Müller Miroslav , Pavelková Adriana , Kačániová Miroslava , Čuboň Juraj , Benczová Emí­lia , Habánová Marta , Mihok Michal , Garlí­k Jozef 
Published: April 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of musculus longissimus dorsi muscle in European bison (Bison bonasus) of the age 6, 9, 12 and 14 years. In m. longissimus dorsi water content was from 74.90 g (group until 6 years of age) until 75.70 g.100 g-1 (group until 12 years of age). Non statistically significant differences (P≥0.05) were found between groups of age. In m. longissimus dorsi the protein content was statistically significant during aging (P≥0.05) of the European bison from 21.23 (group until 12 years of age) until 22.34 g.100 g-1 (group until 14 years of age). The protein content is comparable with the values of steers and bulls of different breeds of cattle feedlot and meat buffalo. The m. longissimus dorsi fat content of European bison was represented from 1.26 g (group until 12 years of age) to 2.11 g.100 g-1 (group until 9 years of age), without statistical differences (P≥0.05) between groups of age. Fat levels are comparable with American bison fat levels and European bison meat from this perspective be regarded as high dietary, maybe. Tendency increasing of fat content in muscle with increasing age of animals was not confirmed (P≥0.05) but was confirmed that this variable indicator has the greatest potential impact nutrition. Energy value in 100 g m. longissimus dorsi was from 402.81 kJ (group until 12 years of age) to 447.07 kJ.100 g-1 (group to 9 years of age). The energy value in 100 g muscle was recorded only statistical differences (P≤0.05) in the group 9 and 12 years of age. Experiment results confirmed that the European bison meat is good article and possible supplement in the diet and the human food chain especially in states where the farm is kept in a manner respectively, as a delicacy, because it contains low representation of fat, what ultimately increases its particular dietary value, moving it from this perspective, even before the beef meat.