bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ungleichheiten bei der Geburt: Einige Ursachen und Folgen
Authors: Currie Janet 
Published: June 2011

Abstract Recent research shows that health at birth is affected by many factors, including maternal education, behaviors, and participation in social programs. In turn, endowments at birth are predictive of adult outcomes, and of the outcomes of future generations. Exposure to environmental pollution is one potential determinant of health at birth that has received increasing attention. A large literature outside of economics advocates for “Environmental Justice,” and argues that poor and minority families are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards. I provide new evidence on this question, showing that children born to less educated and minority mothers are more likely to be exposed to pollution in utero and that white, college educated mothers are particularly responsive to changes in environmental amenities. I estimate that differences in exposure to toxic releases may explain 6% of the gap in incidence of low birth weight between infants of white college educated mothers and infants of black high school dropout mothers.
Rationale Erklärungen für Immobilienpreis-Bubbles: Die Auswirkungen von Risikoschocks auf die Wohnimmobilienpreisvolatilität und die Volatilität von Investitionen in Wohnimmobilien
Authors: Dorofeenko Viktor , Lee Gabriel S. , Salyer Kevin D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe dramatic world-wide housing boom and bust cycles during the last few years are often described in the media as “bubbles” and were largely caused by irrational exuberance due to the liberalization of housing finance (i.e. credit market irregularities in the U.S.: the subprime markets and mortgage structured products). Following Dorofeenko et al (2011), this paper, however, argues that many of the business and housing stylized facts, especially, the U.S. housing price and residential investment volatilites can be explained by analyzing the role of uncertainty (risk) in the framework of a Real Business Cycle model that includes a housing sector with financial information frictions. Consequently, we show for the U.S., these large housing price and residential investment boom and bust cycles are at least were driven largely by economic fundamentals with irrationality (or psychology) at most in the background.
Perspektiven des deutschen Immobilienmarktes und wirtschaftspolitische Herausforderungen
Authors: Maennig Wolfgang , Ottmann Matthias 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe current population forecasts bode ill for “the” real estate market in Germany: The regionally differing decreases in population will affect both the office and residential real estate market, however, not to the same extent. A reduction of property values with impacts on the economic activity and growth may follow. Due to potentially more restrictive technical requirements in order to slow down climate change investment losses in the real estate business could even be increased if no stronger international demand for property on the German real estate market can be generated through a higher level of transparency. An improved family policy, more incentives for internationals to migrate to Germany (which is where universities could play a significant role) as well as programs for the maintenance of existing facilities and their energy-efficient upgrading could be essential elements within a strategy for real estates.
Homeostatic NMDA receptor down‐regulation via brain derived neurotrophic factor and nitric oxide‐dependent signalling in cortical but not in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Sandoval Rodrigo , González Andrés , Caviedes Ariel , Pancetti Floria , Smalla Karl‐Heinz , Kaehne Thilo , Michea Luis , Gundelfinger Eckart D. , Wyneken Ursula 
Published: June 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 760–772.AbstractNitric oxide (NO) has been proposed to down‐regulate NMDA receptors (NMDA‐Rs) in a homeostatic manner. However, NMDA‐R‐dependent NO synthesis also can cause excitotoxic cell death. Using bicuculline‐stimulated hippocampal and cortical cell cultures, we have addressed the role of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor‐NO pathway in NMDA‐R down‐regulation. This pathway protected cortical cells from NMDA‐induced death and led to NMDA‐R inhibition. In contrast, no evidence was gained for the presence of this protective pathway in hippocampal neurons, in which NMDA‐induced NO synthesis was confirmed to be toxic. Therefore, opposing effects of NO depended on the activation of different signalling pathways. The pathophysiological relevance of this observation was investigated in synaptosomes and post‐synaptic densities isolated from rat hippocampi and cerebral cortices following kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus. In cortical, but not in hippocampal synaptosomes, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor induced NO synthesis and inhibited NMDA‐R currents present in isolated post‐synaptic densities. In conclusion, we identified a NO‐dependent homeostatic response in the rat cerebral cortex induced by elevated activity. A low performance of this pathway in brain areas including the hippocampus may be related to their selective vulnerability in pathologies such as temporal lobe epilepsy.
Pharmacological modulation of chemokine receptor function
Authors: Scholten DJ , Canals M , Maussang D , Roumen L , Smit MJ , Wijtmans M , de Graaf C , Vischer HF , Leurs R 
Published: June 2011

G protein‐coupled chemokine receptors and their peptidergic ligands are interesting therapeutic targets due to their involvement in various immune‐related diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV‐1 infection and cancer. To tackle these diseases, a lot of effort has been focused on discovery and development of small‐molecule chemokine receptor antagonists. This has been rewarded by the market approval of two novel chemokine receptor inhibitors, AMD3100 (CXCR4) and Maraviroc (CCR5) for stem cell mobilization and treatment of HIV‐1 infection respectively. The recent GPCR crystal structures together with mutagenesis and pharmacological studies have aided in understanding how small‐molecule ligands interact with chemokine receptors. Many of these ligands display behaviour deviating from simple competition and do not interact with the chemokine binding site, providing evidence for an allosteric mode of action. This review aims to give an overview of the evidence supporting modulation of this intriguing receptor family by a range of ligands, including small molecules, peptides and antibodies. Moreover, the computer‐assisted modelling of chemokine receptor–ligand interactions is discussed in view of GPCR crystal structures. Finally, the implications of concepts such as functional selectivity and chemokine receptor dimerization are considered.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on the Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue‐6. To view the 2010 themed section on the same topic visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.2010.159.issue‐5/issuetoc
Combined effects of THC and caffeine on working memory in rats
Authors: Panlilio Leigh V , Ferré Sergi , Yasar Sevil , Thorndike Eric B , Schindler Charles W , Goldberg Steven R 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cannabis and caffeine are two of the most widely used psychoactive substances. Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, induces deficits in short‐term memory. Caffeine, a non‐selective adenosine receptor antagonist, attenuates some memory deficits, but there have been few studies addressing the effects of caffeine and THC in combination. Here, we evaluate the effects of these drugs using a rodent model of working memory.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were given THC (0, 1 and 3 mg·kg−1, i.p.) along with caffeine (0, 1, 3 and 10 mg·kg−1, i.p.), the selective adenosine A1‐receptor antagonist CPT (0, 3 and 10 mg·kg−1) or the selective adenosine A2A‐receptor antagonist SCH58261 (0 and 5 mg·kg−1) and were tested with a delayed non‐matching‐to‐position procedure in which behaviour during the delay was automatically recorded as a model of memory rehearsal.KEY RESULTS THC alone produced memory deficits at 3 mg·kg−1. The initial exposure to caffeine (10 mg·kg−1) disrupted the established pattern of rehearsal‐like behaviour, but tolerance developed rapidly to this effect. CPT and SCH58261 alone had no significant effects on rehearsal or memory. When a subthreshold dose of THC (1 mg·kg−1) was combined with caffeine (10 mg·kg−1) or CPT (10 mg·kg−1), memory performance was significantly impaired, even though performance of the rehearsal‐like pattern was not significantly altered.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Caffeine did not counteract memory deficits induced by THC but actually exacerbated them. These results are consistent with recent findings that adenosine A1 receptors modulate cannabinoid signalling in the hippocampus.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue‐8. To view Part I of Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue‐7
Unity and diversity in the insect photoperiodic mechanism*
Authors: SAUNDERS David S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis review examines some of the models to account for time measurement in insect photoperiodism. It considers the supporting evidence for these models and the attempts to discriminate among them. Although hourglass timers may exist, it is suggested that most photoperiodic mechanisms, including many hourglass‐like timers, are circadian‐based, making Bünning's original hypothesis, that the circadian system somehow provides the essential “clockwork” for photoperiodic timing, the most persuasive unifying principle. The apparent diversity among modern species in their modes of time measurement is probably the result of differences between the underlying circadian systems that were adopted for seasonal night length measurement as the insects, or groups of insects, moved northwards into areas with a pronounced winter season. Photoperiodic time measurement, therefore, exhibits both unity (in their common circadian basis) and diversity in detail. Attention to this diversity may provide invaluable insights into the problem of photoperiodic time measurement at comparative, and molecular, levels.
Geographic distribution of phytoseiid mite species (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on crops in Okinawa, a subtropical area of Japan
Authors: OHNO Suguru , GOTOH Tetsuo , MIYAGI Akiko , GANAHA‐KIKUMURA Tomoko , KURIMA Miki , KIJIMA Keisuke , OOISHI Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe extensively identified phytoseiid mites co‐occurring with spider mites on crops throughout the islands of Okinawa, southwestern Japan to obtain fundamental information for controlling spider mites in the area using natural enemies. Of the 19 species found, three were new to Japan and eight were new to Okinawa. Neoseiulus womersleyi was the most common species with respect to the distribution range. Following N. womersleyi, six species including Amblyseius eharai were common, whereas N. californicus was not, suggesting that the recent change in dominant species from N. womersleyi to N. californicus observed on the main islands of Japan had not happened in Okinawa. On one small island (Tarama Island) located in the southwestern part of Okinawa, N. womersleyi was not found, and instead N. longispinosus, which is morphologically similar to N. womersleyi and has not been found in Japan, occurred. This suggests interisland differences in the relative frequencies of N. womersleyi and N. longispinosus in Okinawa.
Risk Factors for Fibular Fracture after TPLO
Authors: Taylor Jim , Langenbach Anke , Marcellin‐Little Denis J. 
Published: June 2011

Objective: To determine (1) risk factors for fibular fracture after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and (2) if a single postoperative radiographic measurement or measurement ratio of the proximal tibial fragment can be used as a predictor for fibular fracture.Study Design: Multivariate retrospective clinical study.Animals: Dogs (n=326) with cranial cruciate ligament rupture that had TPLO (n=355).Methods: Medical records (January 2004–November 2007) and radiographs of dogs that had TPLO were reviewed. TPLO plate type, distance between tibial plateau and proximal screw, proximodistal tibial plateau fragment length, tibial plateau width, the presence of a fibular drill hole filled with a screw or not, and fibular fractures were recorded.Results: The odds of having a fibular fracture were 10 times greater in dogs with a fibular drill hole than in dogs without a drill hole. The odds of having a fibular fracture were 1.46 times greater for every 4.5 kg increase in body weight. Tibial plateau angle (TPA) at the time of reevaluation was larger than the postoperative TPA and TPA increase was larger in dogs with fibular drill holes than without (P<.01) and in dogs with fibular fractures than without (P<.01).Conclusion: An unfilled fibular drill hole and increased body weight are risk factors for fibular fracture.
Ultrasound Characteristics of a Glomus Jugulare Tumor
Authors: Qi Zhen‐Hong , Jiang Yu‐Xin , Feng Feng , Dai Qing 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA 33‐year‐old woman presented a chronic headache and sore throat on the right side of her body, continuous pulsatile tinnitus with decreasing hearing in the right ear, and recurrent bleeding from the right ear. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scan depicted a mass in the external ear canal and an enlarged right jugular bulb, which was revealed on duplex ultrasound in the upper portion of the right internal jugular vein. Surgical dissection of the tumor was performed. Pathological study revealed the mass was glomus jugulare tumor.
Brachium Pontis Stroke Revealing Neurofibromatosis Type‐2
Authors: Sreedher Gayathri , Panigrahy Ashok , Ramos‐Martínez Sheila Y. , Abdel‐Hamid Hoda Z. , Zuccoli Giulio 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTNF2 is an autosomal dominant disorder with neuroectodermal dysplasia. Most patients present with characteristic clinical tumors during or beyond the adolescent age group. The diagnosis is mainly clinical. Vasculopathy is rarely associated with NF2. Vascular complication as the presenting symptom in NF‐2 is unknown. We report a case of a 2‐year‐old child with no prior family history of neurofibromatosis presenting with ataxia and brain‐stem stroke.
Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma Associated with an Empty Sella: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kusano Yoshikazu , Horiuchi Tetsuyoshi , Oya Fusakazu , Miyaoka Yoshinari , Oguchi Kazuhiro , Takemae Toshiki , Hongo Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA case of ectopic pituitary adenoma in the sphenoid sinus associated with an empty sella is reported. The coexistence of an ectopic pituitary adenoma and an empty sella is quite rare. The diagnosis was made with an intraoperative finding of the intact dura mater of the sellar floor. In the present case, the hypointense line that coated the pituitary gland was clearly demonstrated on 3‐tesla T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The hypointense line is considered to be the pituitary capsule and was critical in diagnosing this rare entity.
Lonergan on the Person and the Economy: “reaching up to the mind of Aquinas,” in view of responding to Pope Leo XIII, vetera novis augere et perficere
Authors: Schepers Maurice 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGiven the reputation of Bernard Lonergan as a thinker, whose philosophical discourse is about intentionality and the seamless connection of cognitional theory, epistemology, and metaphysics, and whose self-confessed role in theology is to generate a method that meets the exigencies of a world that is on the move and culturally diverse, the article tells the story of his contribution to economic theory, and how this effort occupied both the beginning and the end of his mind's journey. There occurs, of course, the question about how these interests are related, and the key to the answer is found in the motto of Leo XIII, where the vetera imply especially Aquinas’ clear vision of the meaning of being human, and the nova include responses to the two-fold challenge emergent in both the object (to promote genuine development in the economic order) and the subject (to work out a coherent explanation of the structure of the human good).
Oral health related quality of life of edentulous patients after denture relining with a silicone‐based soft liner
Authors: Pisani Marina Xavier , Malheiros‐Segundo Antonio de Luna , Balbino Karina Lencioni , Souza Raphael de Freitas , Paranhos Helena de Freitas Oliveira , Lovato da Silva Cláudia Helena 
Published: June 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00503.xOral health related quality of life of edentulous patients after denture relining with a silicone‐based soft linerBackground:  Knowledge of benefits caused by a treatment on quality of life is very relevant. Despite the wide use and acceptance of soft denture liners, it is necessary to evaluate the patient’s response about the use of these materials with regard to improvement in oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL).Objectives:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of denture relining in the OHRQoL of edentulous patients.Materials and methods:  Thirty‐two complete denture wearers had their lower dentures relined with a silicone‐based material (Mucopren soft, Kettenbach, Germany) according to chairside procedures. OHRQoL was assessed before and after 3 months of relining by means of OHIP‐EDENT, and the median scores were compared by Wilcoxon test (p ≤ 0.05).Results:  After 3 months of relining, participants reported significant improvement of their OHRQoL (p ≤ 0.01).Conclusion:  Denture relining with a soft liner may have a positive impact on the perceived oral health of edentulous patients.
Anti-Infection Dip Suggestions for the Coloplast Titan Inflatable Penile Prosthesis in the Era of the Infection Retardant Coated Implant
Authors: Wilson Steven K. , Salem Emad A. , Costerton William 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Infection is the worst complication seen with inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). Both the American Medical Systems (AMS) and Coloplast IPP have infection retardant coatings. AMS is coated at the factory with rifampicin and minocycline (InhibiZone). The Coloplast IPP has a hydrophilic coating covalently bonded to its components that will absorb any aqueous solution before implantation and provides increased surface lubricity to decrease bacterial adherence.

Aim
We tested several antibiotic dips comparing zones of inhibition (ZOI) against five commonly infecting bacteria with coated Coloplast implants. Results were compared with those ZOI created with strips of an AMS IPP precoated with InhibiZone.

Methods
Pieces of sterile Coloplast Titan IPP were dipped in (i) trimethoprim/polymixin B ophthalmic solution; (ii) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole infusion solution; (iii) bacitracin; (iv) rifampicin/minocycline; and (v) rifampin/trimehtoprim/sulfamethoxazole. ZOI for the Titan strips and for AMS InhibiZone coated strips were tested against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, and Enterococcus.

Main Outcome Measure
ZOIs of the Coloplast Titan for each of the medicated solutions were compared with ZOI created by undipped strips of a sterile InhibiZone coated IPP placed on plates of the identical bacteria.

Results
All dips except bacitracin showed ZOI ≥ InhibiZone (P ≥ 0.005) for most organisms. Because of broad-spectrum effectiveness, ease of handling, and cost, infusion vial of trimehtoprim/sulfamethoxazole seemed optimal at this time. If trimehtoprim/sulfamethoxazole is unavailable; the ZOI with Polytrim ophthalmic solution zones were almost as good.

Conclusions
The Coloplast strips when dipped in several solutions showed equal or significantly larger ZOI against commonly infecting organisms than the InhibiZone coated strips. At the present time using off the shelf trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole infusion solution seems optimum. The flexibility of choosing the drug eluting from the Coloplast device seems promising in the changing bacterial environment.
Photodynamic Treatment of Chaoborus crystallinus Larvae with Chlorophyllin Induces Necrosis and Apoptosis
Authors: Wohllebe Stephanie , Ulbrich Claudia , Grimm Daniela , Pietsch Jessica , Erzinger Gilmar , Richter Roland , Lebert Michael , Richter Peter Rolf , Häder Donat‐Peter 
Published: June 2011

AbstractChlorophyllin kills mosquito larvae (Culex, Aedes) in the aquatic habitat at low concentrations via photodynamic reactions under irradiation. The effects of chlorophyllin were investigated at the cellular level using the transparent larvae of Chaoborus crystallinus as a model system. Their transparency enabled in situ fluorescence investigation, showing that chlorophyllin accumulates in the intestine of the larvae. Uptake of chlorophyllin at room temperature took about 2 h. The fluorescence signal peaked after 5 h of incubation. Chlorophyllin accumulates up to about 15 ng per larvae. The intestine of treated larvae was dissected and stained with several dyes (acridine orange, Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide). Apoptosis and necrosis increased with higher concentrations of chlorophyllin (to a smaller extent in dark controls) and were elevated in irradiated samples. Single cells from treated larvae were isolated and subjected to Annexin V flow cytometry. The fraction of apoptotic and necrotic cells increased significantly at a high chlorophyllin concentration (21.4 mg L−1) and under intensive irradiation. The activity of caspases‐3, ‐8 and ‐9 as well as Bcl‐2 and cytochrome c was investigated by means of western blot analysis. The data suggest a possible chlorophyllin concentration‐dependent shift of the apoptotic pathway.
Detection of Altered Extracellular Matrix in Surface Layers of Unstable Carotid Plaque: An Optical Spectroscopy, Birefringence and Microarray Genetic Analysis
Authors: Korol Renee M. , Canham Peter B. , Liu Li , Viswanathan Kasinath , Ferguson Gary G. , Hammond Rob R. , Finlay Helen M. , Baker Henry V , Lopez Cecilia , Lucas Alexandra R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractErosion and rupture of surface layers in atherosclerotic plaque can cause heart attack and stroke; however, changes in luminal surface composition are incompletely defined. Laser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS), with limited tissue penetration, was used to investigate the surface of unstable carotid plaque and correlated with microscopy, birefringence and gene expression. Arterial matrix collagens I, III and elastin were assessed in unstable plaques (n = 25) and reference left internal mammary arteries (LIMA, n = 10). LIFS in addition to selective histological staining with picrosirius red, Movat pentachrome and immunostaining revealed decreased elastin and increased collagen I and III (P < 0.05) in carotid plaque when compared with LIMA. Within plaque, collagen I was elevated in the internal carotid region versus the common carotid region. Polarized light microscopy detected layers of aligned collagen and associated mechanical rigidity of the fibrous cap. Microarray analysis of three carotid and three LIMA specimens confirmed up‐regulation of collagen I, III and IV, lysyl oxidase and MMP‐12. In conclusion, LIFS analysis coupled with microscopy revealed marked regional differences in collagen I, III and elastin in surface layers of carotid plaque; indicative of plaque instability. Birefringence measurements demonstrated mechanical rigidity and weakening of the fibrous cap with complementary changes in ECM gene expression.