bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting HD Camcorders for Close‐Up Human Movement Applications
Authors: Chong Albert K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLately, the cost of HD video camcorders has decreased greatly and the inclusion of an internal hard disk in many models has eased the bother of downloading video clips from cumbersome tape devices. These factors have increased their potential as 3D recording devices and measurement tools for the health monitoring of patients by practitioners. This investigation determined: (1) the 3D measurement quality of off‐the‐shelf high definition camcorders for human‐movement‐related medical applications; (2) the suitability of a low‐cost LED synchronisation device for multi‐camcorder tracking; and (3) the suitability of these imaging sensors for practitioners. The results show that a four‐camcorder system is capable of measuring a 3D distance in a static setting to better than 0·050 mm; it can track a moving calibrated square‐wave signal of 0·5 and 1 Hz to better than 0·3 and 0·2 mm, respectively. Using a calibrated scale bar mounted on a moving human leg, the error produced as a result of frame disparity using a low‐cost LED frame‐synchronising device was under 0·3 mm for a four‐, three‐ and two‐camcorder configuration.
Isolation of the Phrenic Nerve to Suppress Diaphragmatic Contraction Induced by Cardiac Resynchronization
Authors: DOGUET FABIEN , HONORÉ CHARLOTTE , GODIN BÉNÉDICTE , ANSELME FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: March 2012

Phrenic Nerve Isolation in Cardiac Resynchronization.Left phrenic nerve stimulation is a well‐known complication of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We report a case where electronic or anatomical repositioning of the left ventricular (LV) electrode (within the coronary sinus tributaries) was not feasible/effective. Surgical graft interpositioning was performed to successfully isolate the phrenic nerve from the previously implanted coronary sinus epicardial LV lead. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 778‐780, July 2012)
Nucleophilic Addition‐Triggered Lanthanide Luminescence Allows Detection of Amines by Eu(thenoyltrifluoroacetone)3
Authors: Zhou Zhan , Wang Qianming , Lin Jintai , Chen Yanna , Yang Chuqin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHerein, a novel fluorescent indicator for the real‐time monitoring of amines is described. This probe contains a complex of europium‐(thenoyltrifluoroacetone)3 (Eu(TTA)3) that efficiently reacts with primary and secondary amines. The electron‐withdrawing trifluoroacetyl undergoes a nucleophilic addition with amines, and the complex was used to selectively detect BuNH2 and Et2NH (quenching concentration for BuNH2: 10−4 m, for Et2NH: 1.2 × 10−3 m) by monitoring emission; no changes were observed in the emission spectrum of Eu(TTA)3 in the presence of Et3N, [Bu4N]Cl, or PhNH2 in aqueous solution (THF/H2O = 1:1). The ratio of emission intensity to amine concentration was linear by the least‐squares fitting method.
A semiempirical linear model of indirect, flat‐panel x‐ray detectors
Authors: Huang Shih‐Ying , Yang Kai , Abbey Craig K. , Boone John M. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose:It is important to understand signal and noise transfer in the indirect, flat‐panel x‐ray detector when developing and optimizing imaging systems. For optimization where simulating images is necessary, this study introduces a semiempirical model to simulate projection images with user‐defined x‐ray fluence interaction.Methods:The signal and noise transfer in the indirect, flat‐panel x‐ray detectors is characterized by statistics consistent with energy‐integration of x‐ray photons. For an incident x‐ray spectrum, x‐ray photons are attenuated and absorbed in the x‐ray scintillator to produce light photons, which are coupled to photodiodes for signal readout. The signal mean and variance are linearly related to the energy‐integrated x‐ray spectrum by empirically determined factors. With the known first‐ and second‐order statistics, images can be simulated by incorporating multipixel signal statistics and the modulation transfer function of the imaging system. To estimate the semiempirical input to this model, 500 projection images (using an indirect, flat‐panel x‐ray detector in the breast CT system) were acquired with 50–100 kilovolt (kV) x‐ray spectra filtered with 0.1‐mm tin (Sn), 0.2‐mm copper (Cu), 1.5‐mm aluminum (Al), or 0.05‐mm silver (Ag). The signal mean and variance of each detector element and the noise power spectra (NPS) were calculated and incorporated into this model for accuracy. Additionally, the modulation transfer function of the detector system was physically measured and incorporated in the image simulation steps. For validation purposes, simulated and measured projection images of air scans were compared using 40 kV/0.1‐mm Sn, 65 kV/0.2‐mm Cu, 85 kV/1.5‐mm Al, and 95 kV/0.05‐mm Ag.Results:The linear relationship between the measured signal statistics and the energy‐integrated x‐ray spectrum was confirmed and incorporated into the model. The signal mean and variance factors were linearly related to kV for each filter material (r2 of signal mean to kV: 0.91, 0.93, 0.86, and 0.99 for 0.1‐mm Sn, 0.2‐mm Cu, 1.5‐mm Al, and 0.05‐mm Ag, respectively; r2 of signal variance to kV: 0.99 for all four filters). The comparison of the signal and noise (mean, variance, and NPS) between the simulated and measured air scan images suggested that this model was reasonable in predicting accurate signal statistics of air scan images using absolute percent error. Overall, the model was found to be accurate in estimating signal statistics and spatial correlation between the detector elements of the images acquired with indirect, flat‐panel x‐ray detectors.Conclusions:The semiempirical linear model of the indirect, flat‐panel x‐ray detectors was described and validated with images of air scans. The model was found to be a useful tool in understanding the signal and noise transfer within indirect, flat‐panel x‐ray detector systems.
Genome Sequence of “
Candidatus
Nitrosoarchaeum limnia” BG20, a Low-Salinity Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaeon from the San Francisco Bay Estuary
Authors: Mosier Annika C. , Allen Eric E. , Kim Maria , Ferriera Steven , Francis Christopher A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of “
Candidatus
Nitrosoarchaeum limnia” BG20, an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon enriched in culture from low-salinity sediments of the San Francisco Bay estuary. The genome sequence revealed many similarities to the previously sequenced genome of “
Ca.
Nitrosoarchaeum limnia” SFB1 (enriched from a nearby site in San Francisco Bay) and is representative of a clade of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) found in low-salinity habitats worldwide.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Shrimp Pathogen Vibrio harveyi CAIM 1792
Authors: Espinoza-Valles Iliana , Soto-Rodríguez Sonia , Edwards Robert A. , Wang Zheng , Vora Gary J. , Gómez-Gil Bruno 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Vibrio harveyi
is a Gram-negative bacterium found in tropical and temperate marine environments as a free-living organism or in association with aquatic animals. We report the first sequenced genome of a
Vibrio
harveyi strain, CAIM 1792, the etiologic agent of the “bright red” syndrome of the Pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei
.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Rahnella
sp. Strain Y9602, a Gammaproteobacterium Isolate from Metal- and Radionuclide-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Martinez Robert J. , Bruce David , Detter Chris , Goodwin Lynne A. , Han James , Han Cliff S. , Held Brittany , Land Miriam L. , Mikhailova Natalia , Nolan Matt , Pennacchio Len , Pitluck Sam , Tapia Roxanne , Woyke Tanja , Sobecky Patricia A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Rahnella
sp. strain Y9602 is a gammaproteobacterium isolated from contaminated subsurface soils that is capable of promoting uranium phosphate mineralization as a result of constitutive phosphatase activity. Here we report the first complete genome sequence of an isolate belonging to the genus
Rahnella
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhi P-stx-12
Authors: Ong Su Yean , Pratap Chandra Bhan , Wan Xuehua , Hou Shaobin , Abdul Rahman Ahmad Yamin , Saito Jennifer A. , Nath Gopal , Alam Maqsudul 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Typhi P-stx-12, a clinical isolate obtained from a typhoid carrier in India.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Highly Prevalent Porcine Circovirus 2 Isolated from Piglet Stool Samples in China
Authors: Li Bin , Ma Junjie , Liu Yanling , Wen Libin , Yu Zhengyu , Ni Yanxiu , Zhang Xuehan , Zhou Junming , Guo Rongli , Wang Xiaomin , Feng Zhixin , Hu Yiyi , Lv Lixin , He Kongwang 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the etiologic agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease. Here, we first report the complete genome sequence of PCV2 strain JSTZ, which was isolated from piglet stool samples and is highly prevalent in China. It will help in understanding the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of PCV2.
Full Genomic Sequence of the Prototype Strain (M64) of Rio Bravo Virus
Authors: Volkova Evgeniya , Tesh Robert B. , Monath Thomas P. , Vasilakis Nikos 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Rio Bravo virus
(RBV) is a member of the family
Flaviviridae
, genus
Flavivirus
. It belongs to a group of viruses in the genus with no known vector. In this report, we analyze the complete genome of the prototype RBV, strain M64.
Multiscale characterization of spatial relationships among oxycline depth, macrozooplankton, and forage fish off Peru using geostatistics, principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNMs), and wavelets
Authors: Grados Daniel , Fablet Ronan , Ballón Michael , Bez Nicolas , Castillo Ramiro , Lezama-Ochoa Ainhoa , Bertrand Arnaud 
Published: March 2012

Upwelling ecosystems are particularly heterogeneous and present intense mesoscale (tens of kilometres) and submesoscale (hundreds of metres to kilometres) activity that are expected to drive the distribution of the organisms and thus their interactions. Here we addressed the impact of the physical forcing in the northern Humboldt Current system off Peru, which is characterized by the presence of an intense and shallow oxygen minimum zone and used the variability of the depth of the oxycline as a proxy of the physical forcing that impacts the epipelagic communities. We analyzed simultaneous high-resolution acoustic observations of the oxycline depth, the biomass in macrozooplankton, and the biomass in pelagic fish. Three complementary methodologies were considered: (i) geostatistical methods and correlation tests, (ii) principal coordinates of neighbour matrices, and (iii) wavelet analysis. Our results highlight the relevance of a multimethod framework to characterize the multiscale relationships between marine ecosystem components. We also provided evidence that the submesoscale-to-mesoscale variability of the oxycline depth drives the distribution of macrozooplankton, which further structures the distribution of forage fish in a bottom-up cascade.
Microarray Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Stromal Tissue Reveals Upregulation of Two Oncogenic miRNA Clusters
Authors: Nishida Naohiro , Nagahara Makoto , Sato Tetsuya , Mimori Koshi , Sudo Tomoya , Tanaka Fumiaki , Shibata Kohei , Ishii Hideshi , Sugihara Kenichi , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurpose: Cancer stroma plays an important role in the progression of cancer. Although alterations in miRNA expression have been explored in various kinds of cancers, the expression of miRNAs in cancer stroma has not been explored in detail.Experimental Design: Using a laser microdissection technique, we collected RNA samples specific for epithelium or stroma from 13 colorectal cancer tissues and four normal tissues, and miRNA microarray and gene expression microarray were carried out. The expression status of miRNAs was confirmed by reverse transcriptase PCR. Furthermore, we investigated whether miRNA expression status in stromal tissue could influence the clinicopathologic factors.Results: Oncogenic miRNAs, including two miRNA clusters, miR-17-92a and miR-106b-25 cluster, were upregulated in cancer stromal tissues compared with normal stroma. Gene expression profiles from cDNA microarray analyses of the same stromal tissue samples revealed that putative targets of these miRNA clusters, predicted by Target Scan, such as TGFBR2, SMAD2, and BMP family genes, were significantly downregulated in cancer stromal tissue. Downregulated putative targets were also found to be involved in cytokine interaction and cellular adhesion. Importantly, expression of miR-25 and miR-92a in stromal tissues was associated with a variety of clinicopathologic factors.Conclusions: Oncogenic miRNAs were highly expressed in cancer stroma. Although further validation is required, the finding that stromal miRNA expression levels were associated with clinicopathologic factors suggests the possibility that miRNAs in cancer stroma are crucially involved in cancer progression. Clin Cancer Res; 18(11); 3054–70. ©2012 AACR.
Suppression of Skeletal Muscle Turnover in Cancer Cachexia: Evidence from the Transcriptome in Sequential Human Muscle Biopsies
Authors: Gallagher Iain J. , Stephens Nathan A. , MacDonald Alisdair J. , Skipworth Richard J.E. , Husi Holger , Greig Carolyn A. , Ross James A. , Timmons James A. , Fearon Kenneth C.H. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Purpose: The mechanisms underlying muscle wasting in patients with cancer remain poorly understood, and consequently there remains an unmet clinical need for new biomarkers and treatment strategies.
Experimental Design: Microarrays were used to examine the transcriptome in single biopsies from healthy controls (n = 6) and in paired biopsies [pre-resection baseline (weight-loss 7%) and 8 month post-resection follow-up (disease-free/weight-stable for previous 2 months)] from quadriceps muscle of patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC; n = 12).
Results: Before surgery, 1,868 genes were regulated compared with follow-up (false discovery rate, 6%). Ontology analysis showed that regulated genes belonged to both anabolic and catabolic biologic processes with overwhelming downregulation in baseline samples. No literature-derived genes from preclinical cancer cachexia models showed higher expression in baseline muscle. Comparison with healthy control muscle (n = 6) revealed that despite differences in the transcriptome at baseline (941 genes regulated), the muscle of patients at follow-up was similar to control muscle (2 genes regulated). Physical activity (step count per day) did not differ between the baseline and follow-up periods (P = 0.9), indicating that gene expression differences reflected the removal of the cancer rather than altered physical activity levels. Comparative gene expression analysis using exercise training signatures supported this interpretation.
Conclusions: Metabolic and protein turnover–related pathways are suppressed in weight-losing patients with UGIC whereas removal of the cancer appears to facilitate a return to a healthy state, independent of changes in the level of physical activity. Clin Cancer Res; 18(10); 2817–27. ©2012 AACR.
Biological Functions of Cytokeratin 18 in Cancer
Authors: Weng Yu-Rong , Cui Yun , Fang Jing-Yuan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The structural proteins cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and its coexpressed complementary partner CK8 are expressed in a variety of adult epithelial organs and may play a role in carcinogenesis. In this study, we focused on the biological functions of CK18, which is thought to modulate intracellular signaling and operates in conjunction with various related proteins. CK18 may affect carcinogenesis through several signaling pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, Wnt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. CK18 acts as an identical target of Akt in the PI3K/Akt pathway and of ERK1/2 in the ERK MAPK pathway, and regulation of CK18 by Wnt is involved in Akt activation. Finally, we discuss the importance of gaining a more complete understanding of the expression of CK18 during carcinogenesis, and suggest potential clinical applications of that understanding. Mol Cancer Res; 10(4); 485–93. ©2012 AACR.
Inhibition of mTORC1 Kinase Activates Smads 1 and 5 but Not Smad8 in Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Mediating Cytostatic Response to Rapamycin
Authors: Wahdan-Alaswad Reema S. , Bane Kara L. , Song Kyung , Shola Dorjee T.N. , Garcia Jorge A. , Danielpour David 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Although hyperactivated mTOR is well recognized as being pivotal to prostate cancer growth and progression, the underlying mechanisms by which it promotes such responses remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that rapamycin activates Smads 1 and 5 in human prostate cancer cells and tissues through blocking mTORC1 kinase. Small hairpin RNA–based gene silencing and gene overexpression approaches reveal that Smads 1 and 5 mediate, whereas Smad8 represses, rapamycin-induced cell death and expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) transcriptional target Id1 in human prostate cancer cell lines. Moreover, such phospho-Smad1/5–mediated rapamycin responses were blocked by LDN-193189 (a BMPRI kinase inhibitor) or Noggin (a BMP antagonist) in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Likewise, the mTOR kinase inhibitors Ku-0063794 and WYE-354 each enhanced phosphorylation of Smad1/5. Intriguingly, silencing raptor alone enhanced, whereas silencing rictor repressed, the phosphorylation of Smad1/5, indicating that mTORC1 represses, whereas mTORC2 activates, BMP signaling. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased levels of phospho-Smad1/5 concomitant with suppression of phospho-S6 and survivin levels in PC3 human prostate cancer xenografts in athymic mice administered rapamycin (intraperitoneally, 5 mg/kg/d, 2–6 days). Moreover, we show that compared with prostate tumor tissue from untreated patients, levels of phospho-Smad1/5 were significantly elevated in the prostate tumor tissue of patients with high-risk prostate cancer who received 8 weeks of the rapalog everolimus as part of a neoadjuvant clinical trial before undergoing local definitive therapy by radical prostatectomy. Taken together, our data implicate Smads 1, 5 and 8 as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for mTOR inhibition therapy of prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 10(6); 821–33. ©2012 AACR.
The design reference year – a new approach to testing a building in more extreme weather using UKCP09 projections
Authors: Watkins R , Levermore GJ , Parkinson JB 
Published: March 2012

Current practice in building design is to assess a building’s performance using average or typical weather, a test reference year (TRY), and then to see how it performs when ‘stressed’, using a design summer year (DSY). The DSY is an actual year of hourly data which has the third warmest summer in 20 years’ summers. One of the problems with the DSY method is that it does not explicitly take into account solar radiation, or humidity, nor when more extreme weather occurs – it is selected solely on the mean six monthly temperature from April to September. A DSY may actually be cloudier than the average weather of a TRY. This article proposes an alternative approach using a new type of design reference year (DRY) consisting of a year formed from individual more extreme weather months. The DRY is used in simulating the performance of a building and to identify a single critical month for over-heating, or maximum cooling load. This article compares the characteristics of the DSY and proposed DRY using future projected weather data from UKCIP. Practical applications: Building designers are increasingly required by their clients to demonstrate how a proposed building will perform under a future rather than historical climate. This article describes a method of processing the latest future climate projections (UK Climate Impacts Programme’s (UKCIP’s) CP09 data released in June 2009) and generating a design reference year (DRY) for use in building simulation programmes. The DRY is proposed as a replacement for the design summer year (DSY), which has a number of limitations.
Cochlear Implants in Children Younger Than 6 Months
Authors: Colletti Liliana , Mandalà Marco , Colletti Vittorio 
Published: March 2012

Objectives(1) To determine the long‐term outcomes of cochlear implantation in children implanted younger than 6 months and (2) to evaluate auditory‐based performance in very young children compared with older children, all with profound sensorineural bilateral hearing loss.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsTwelve subjects aged 2 to 6 months, 9 aged 7 to 12 months, 11 aged 13 to 18 months, and 13 aged 19 to 24 months, all with profound bilateral hearing loss, were fitted with cochlear implants and followed longitudinally for 4 years. Subjects were developmentally normal with no additional disabilities (visual, motor, or cognitive). Auditory‐based communication outcomes included tests for speech perception, receptive language development, receptive vocabulary, and speech production.ResultsAge at cochlear implantation was a significant factor in most outcome measures, contributing significantly to speech perception, speech production, and language outcomes. There were no major complications and no significantly higher rates of minor complications in the younger children.ConclusionThis article reports an uncontrolled observational study on a small group of infants fitted with cochlear implants following personal audiological criteria and, up to now, with limited literature support due to the innovative nature of the study. This study shows, for the first time, significantly improved auditory‐based outcomes in children implanted younger than 6 months and without an increased rate of complications. The data from the present study must be considered as explorative, and a more extensive study is required.