bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular configuration of single octopamine neurons in Drosophila
Authors: Busch Sebastian , Tanimoto Hiromu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIndividual median octopamine neurons in the insect central nervous system serve as an excellent model system for comparative neuroanatomy of single identified cells. The median octopamine cluster of the subesophageal ganglion consists of defined sets of paired and unpaired interneurons, which supply the brain and subesophageal ganglion with extensive ramifications. The developmental program underlying the complex cellular network is unknown. Here we map the segmental location and developmental origins of individual octopamine neurons in the Drosophila subesophageal ganglion. We demonstrate that two sets of unpaired median neurons, located in the mandibular and maxillary segments, exhibit the same projection patterns in the brain. Furthermore, we show that the paired and unpaired neurons belong to distinct lineages. Interspecies comparison of median neurons revealed that many individual octopamine neurons in different species project to equivalent target regions. Such identified neurons with similar morphology can derive from distinct lineages in different species (i.e., paired and unpaired neurons). J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2355–2364, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual labeling with a far red probe permits analysis of growth and oxidative stress in P. falciparum‐infected erythrocytes
Authors: Fu Ying , Tilley Leann , Kenny Shannon , Klonis Nectarios 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, develops within human erythrocytes, consuming host hemoglobin to support its own growth. Reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) are by‐products of hemoglobin digestion and are believed to exert significant oxidative stress on the parasite. We have characterized a cell permeant, far red fluorescent nucleic acid‐binding dye, SYTO 61, that can be used to distinguish between uninfected and infected erythrocytes in a flow cytometric format. The spectral properties of SYTO 61 make it suitable for use in combination with the fluorescent reactive oxygen species reporter 5‐(and‐6)‐chloromethyl‐2′,7′‐dichlorodihydro‐fluorescein diacetate acetyl ester. We have used this probe combination to measure oxidative stress in different stages of live P. falciparum. Low levels of the oxidized, fluorescent form of the reporter (2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein, DCF) are detected in ring stage parasites; the DCF signal increases as the intraerythrocytic parasite matures into the trophozoite stage where active hemoglobin digestion occurs. Treatment of infected erythrocytes with the cysteine protease inhibitor, E‐64, which inhibits hemoglobin digestion, decreases the DCF signal. We show that E‐64 prevents schizont rupture but also causes delayed lethal effects when ring stage cultures are exposed to the drug. We also examined cultures of parasites in erythrocytes harboring 98% catalase inactivation and found no effect on growth and only a modest increase in DCF oxidation. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Cytology of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma in pleural effusion
Authors: Tsuchido Keiko , Yamada Makoto , Satou Tamami , Otsuki Yoshiro , Shimizu Shin‐ichi , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report a case of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma focusing on its cytological features in pleural effusion. A 32‐year‐old man had noticed a tumor in his left buttock 5 years earlier but had not sought treatment because the tumor had been painless. He visited our hospital because the tumor had gradually increased in size. The resected tumor was 12 × 8 × 6 cm in size and had a delineated margin. The histological diagnosis was sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma with a negative surgical margin. Multiple tumor nodules were recognized in both lungs 9 months after the initial surgery, and an excisional biopsy was performed. A histological examination revealed a metastasis of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma, and chemotherapy was initiated. Pleural disseminations were detected 4 years after the chemotherapy, and the pleural effusion was sampled for cytological examination. The cytological examination revealed several medium‐sized cell clusters with moderate overcrowding and an epithelioid cell arrangement; numerous histiocytes and lymphocytes and a small amount of mesothelial cells were observed in the background. The nuclei were pleomorphic with oval, spindle, or cleaved shapes and occasional multinucleation; they were located eccentrically in the cytoplasm and exhibited uniformly fine granular chromatin, a thin nuclear membrane, and several small nucleoli. The above cytological features, coupled with the clinical findings, enabled a diagnosis of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. To our knowledge, this is the first cytological description of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:748–753. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of filarial infestation
Authors: Kumar Bipin , Karki Smriti , Yadava Sanjay Kumar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFilariasis is a tropical disease transmitted by the Culex mosquitoes. The diagnosis of it is conventionally made by demonstrating microfilariae in the peripheral blood smear. However; microfilariae and adult filarial worm have been incidentally detected in fine needle aspirates of various lesions in clinically unsuspected cases. The cases of filariasis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were retrieved from the archives of the Cytopathology laboratory between the periods of January 1998 to February 2009. Both Papanicolaou‐ and May–Grunwald–Giemsa‐stained smears were available in all the cases. A total of 26 diagnosed cases of filariasis were found, of which 19 were related to funiculo‐epididymitis, four presented with breast lump, and three cases with lymphadenopathy. Smears revealed fragments of adult worm in 12 cases including 10 gravid female worm containing eggs and microfilariae and two male adult worm; whereas in remaining 14 cases only microfilariae or eggs were seen. Unfertilized eggs were seen in three cases and fertilized eggs were seen in five cases. Tissue response in the form of eosinophils in 16 cases, acute inflammatory exudate in five cases, macrophages in 22 cases, epitheloid cell granulomas in five cases, giant cells in four cases, lymphocytes in 10 cases, and plasma cells in three cases were seen. Adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, eosinophils, and epithelioid cells were observed in four cases. On conclusion, filaria may affect the epididymis, spermatic cord, breast, and lymph node, and the accurate diagnosis can be easily and conveniently achieved by FNAC without any requirement of biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:8–12. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorescein‐Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles as a Selective Fluorogenic Chemosensor for Cu2+ in Living Cells
Authors: Seo Sungmin , Lee Hye Young , Park Minsung , Lim Jung Mi , Kang Dongmin , Yoon Juyoung , Jung Jong Hwa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFluorescein‐functionalized silica nanoparticles (1) were prepared by sol–gel reaction, and their optical sensing abilities were studied towards finding a new type of synthetic fluorogenic chemosensor for imaging Cu2+ ions in living cells. Interestingly, upon addition of Cu2+ in a H2O suspension of 1 at pH 7.4, 1 displays large chelation‐enhanced quenching (CHEQ) effects with Cu2+. With the exception of Cu2+, no significant fluorescence intensity changes were observed in the experiments with the other metal ions. These findings confirm that 1 can be useful as a fluorogenic‐sensing material for the selective detection of Cu2+ in the presence of other metal ions. This is a rare example of chromogenic sensing of a specific metal ion by functional inorganic nanomaterials. The emission change observed for chemosensor 1 in the presence of Cu2+ is reversible by the addition of EDTA. Furthermore, the fluorescein‐functionalized silica nanoparticles act as a new type of synthetic fluorogenic chemosensor for imaging Cu2+ ions in living cells.
Regioselective Arylations of α‐Amido Sulfones with Electron‐Rich Arenes through Friedel–Crafts Alkylations Catalyzed by Ferric Chloride Hexahydrate: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical and Bis‐Symmetrical Triarylmethanes
Authors: Thirupathi Ponnaboina , Kim Sung Soo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFerric chloride hexahydrate is a highly efficient catalyst for the regioselective arylation of α‐amido sulfones. The products undergo further Friedel–Crafts alkylations with heteroaromatic or electron‐rich arenes to afford unsymmetrical or bis‐symmetrical triarylmethanes.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkenylation of 1,2,3‐Trizoles with Terminal Conjugated Alkenes by Direct C–H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Jiang Huanfeng , Feng Zhenning , Wang Azhong , Liu Xiaohang , Chen Zhengwang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed alkenylation of 1,2,3‐triazoles with terminal conjugated alkenes by direct C–H functionalization has been developed in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 and dioxygen. A variety of terminal alkenes such as acrylates and styrenes can perform the direct oxidative coupling reactions with 1,2,3‐triazoles to afford the corresponding alkenylated products in 30–90 % yield.
Carbon nanotubes induce oxidative DNA damage in RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Migliore Lucia , Saracino Doriana , Bonelli Alessia , Colognato Renato , D'Errico Maria R. , Magrini Andrea , Bergamaschi Antonio , Bergamaschi Enrico 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe induction of DNA and chromosome damage following in vitro exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNT) was assessed on the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 by means of the micronucleus (MN) and the comet assays. Exposures to two CNT preparations (single‐walled CNT (SWCNT > 90%) and multiwalled CNT (MWCNT > 90%) were performed in increasing mass concentrations (0.01–100 μg/ml). The frequency of micronuclei was significantly increased in cells treated with SWCNT (at doses above 0.1 μg/ml), whereas MWCNT had the same effect at higher concentrations (1 μg/ml) (P < 0.05). The results of the comet assay revealed that the effects of treatment with SWCNT were detectable at all concentrations tested (1–100 μg/ml); oxidized purines increased significantly, whereas pyrimidines showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) only at the highest concentration (100 μg/ml). In cells treated with MWCNT, an increase in DNA migration due to the oxidative damage to purines was observed at a concentration of 1 and 10 μg/ml, whereas pyrimidines showed a significant increase only at the highest mass concentration tested. However, both SWCNT and MWCNT induced a statistically significant cytotoxic effect at the highest concentrations tested (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that both the MN and comet assays can reliably detect small amount of damaged DNA at both chromosome and nuclear levels in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, the modified version of the comet assay allows the specific detection of the induction of oxidative damage to DNA, which may be the underlying mechanism involved in the CNT‐associated genotoxicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of gp130‐associated cytokine signaling in Müller cell activation following optic nerve lesion
Authors: Kirsch Matthias , Trautmann Nikolaus , Ernst Matthias , Hofmann Hans‐Dieter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCiliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and the related cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) have been implicated in regulating astrogliosis following CNS lesions. Application of the factors activates astrocytes in vivo and in vitro, and their expression as well as their receptors is upregulated after brain injury. Here, we investigated their function by studying Müller cell activation induced by optic nerve crush in CNTF‐ and LIF‐deficient mice, and in animals with deficiencies in cytokine signaling pathways. In the retina of CNTF–/– mice, basal GFAP expression was reduced, but unexpectedly, injury‐induced upregulation in activated Müller cells was increased during the first 3 days after lesion as compared to wild‐type animals and this corresponded with higher phosphorylation level of STAT3, an indicator of cytokine signaling. The observation that LIF expression was strongly upregulated in CNTF–/– mice but not in wild‐type animals following optic nerve lesion provided a possible explanation. In fact, additional ablation of the LIF gene in CNTF/LIF double knockout mice almost completely abolished early lesion‐induced GFAP upregulation in Müller cells and STAT3 phosphorylation. Early Müller cell activation was also eliminated in LIF–/– mice, despite normal CNTF levels, as well as in mutants deficient in gp130/JAK/STAT signaling and in conditional STAT3 knockout mice. Our results demonstrate that LIF signaling via the gp130/JAK/STAT3 pathway is required for the initiation of the astrogliosis‐like reaction of retinal Müller cells after optic nerve injury. A potential role of CNTF was possibly masked by a compensatory increase in LIF signaling in the absence of CNTF. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NOD2 mediates inflammatory responses of primary murine glia to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Liu Xinjie , Chauhan Vinita S. , Young Amy B. , Marriott Ian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIt is now widely accepted that resident central nervous system (CNS) cells such as microglia and astrocytes initiate and/or augment inflammation following trauma or infection. However, the mechanisms by which glial cells perceive microbial challenges are only now becoming apparent. We have recently demonstrated that microglia and astrocytes constitutively express nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐2 (NOD2), a member of the novel nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat region‐containing family of proteins (NLR) that functions as an intracellular receptor for a minimal motif present in all bacterial peptidoglycans. Furthermore, we have shown that this NLR is essential for glial responses to gram‐negative pathogens and in vivo CNS inflammation elicited by these organisms. In the present study, we have established that intact Streptococcus pneumoniae, the major causative agent for gram‐positive bacterial meningitis in adults, is a potent stimulus for the activation of the pivotal inflammatory transcription factor NF‐kB and production of inflammatory cytokines in primary murine microglia and astrocytes. We demonstrate that NOD2 is essential for the maximal responses of these cells to intact S. pneumoniae but not cellular lysates. Finally, we have shown that this cytosolic pattern recognition receptor is required for the elevated inflammatory mediator levels, astrogliosis, and demyelination, following in vivo administration of this gram‐positive CNS pathogen. As such, we suggest that NOD2 plays a critical role in the establishment of the lethal inflammation associated with streptococcal meningitis. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Parametric Empirical Bayesian framework for fMRI‐constrained MEG/EEG source reconstruction
Authors: Henson Richard N. , Flandin Guillaume , Friston Karl J. , Mattout Jérémie 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe describe an asymmetric approach to fMRI and MEG/EEG fusion in which fMRI data are treated as empirical priors on electromagnetic sources, such that their influence depends on the MEG/EEG data, by virtue of maximizing the model evidence. This is important if the causes of the MEG/EEG signals differ from those of the fMRI signal. Furthermore, each suprathreshold fMRI cluster is treated as a separate prior, which is important if fMRI data reflect neural activity arising at different times within the EEG/MEG data. We present methodological considerations when mapping from a 3D fMRI Statistical Parametric Map to a 2D cortical surface and thence to the covariance components used within our Parametric Empirical Bayesian framework. Our previous introduction of a canonical (inverse‐normalized) cortical mesh also allows deployment of fMRI priors that live in a template space; for example, from a group analysis of different individuals. We evaluate the ensuing scheme with MEG and EEG data recorded simultaneously from 12 participants, using the same face‐processing paradigm under which independent fMRI data were obtained. Because the fMRI priors become part of the generative model, we use the model evidence to compare (i) multiple versus single, (ii) valid versus invalid, (iii) binary versus continuous, and (iv) variance versus covariance fMRI priors. For these data, multiple, valid, binary, and variance fMRI priors proved best for a standard Minimum Norm inversion. Interestingly, however, inversion using Multiple Sparse Priors benefited little from additional fMRI priors, suggesting that they already provide a sufficiently flexible generative model. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathologic and therapeutic risk factors for perioperative complications and prolonged hospital stay in free flap reconstruction of the head and neck
Authors: Patel Rajan S. , McCluskey Stuart A. , Goldstein David P. , Minkovich Leonid , Irish Jonathan C. , Brown Dale H. , Gullane Patrick J. , Lipa Joan E. , Gilbert Ralph W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to determine predictors of morbidity in patients undergoing microvascular free flap reconstruction of the head and neck.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 796 cases between 1999 and 2007 using univariate and multivariate analysis to determine predictors of morbidity and prolonged hospital stay.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐nine patients (30%) developed major complications. Age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, Kaplan Feinstein comorbidity index (KFI) score, preoperative hemoglobin, and tracheostomy were independent predictors of major complication. Predictors of prolonged hospital stay included age, recent weight loss, alcohol excess, ASA, KFI, preoperative hemoglobin, mucosal surgery, anesthesia duration, and crystalloid replacement volume.ConclusionSeveral variables are associated with an increased risk of development of major complications following free flap reconstruction of the head and neck. Although many of these variables are irreversible, they aid risk stratification of patients undergoing free flap reconstruction, and assist clinicians in making treatment decisions, consenting, and providing patients with realistic expectations regarding their perioperative course. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Impact of positive frozen section microscopic tumor cut‐through revised to negative on oral carcinoma control and survival rates
Authors: Patel Rajan S. , Goldstein David P. , Guillemaud Jennifer , Bruch Guillem Andreu , Brown Dale , Gilbert Ralph W. , Gullane Patrick J. , Higgins Kevin M. , Irish Jonathan , Enepekides Danny J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the study was to evaluate the prognostic and therapeutic implications of an initial positive frozen section margin that was revised until negative (microscopic tumor cut‐through), and to analyze the influence of microscopic margin status on oral carcinoma control.MethodsThe approach in our investigation was through a retrospective review of patients treated with primary surgery, with frozen section margin control in oral carcinoma. Inclusion criteria included availability of frozen and permanent section histology reports of resection margins and negative final resection margins.ResultsOf 547 patients studied, 175 received adjuvant radiation. Local and regional control and disease‐specific survival rates were 81.6%, 78.4%, and 76.3%, respectively. Tumor cut‐through and pathologic nodal (pN) stage had an independently adverse effect on local control. Tumor cut‐through adversely affected cancer control and survival, but this effect diminished significantly in the absence of regional disease.ConclusionsMicroscopic tumor cut‐through revised to negative margins is a powerful prognosticator that is observed only when regional disease is also present. The value of adjuvant therapeutic regimens is questionable in patients with microscopic tumor cut‐through, revised to negative margins, and with no regional disease. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Expression of placenta growth factor: An independent factor for prediction of progression and prognosis of oral cancer
Authors: Cheng Shih‐Jung , Lee Jang‐Jaer , Kok Sang‐Heng , Chou Chia‐Hsuan , Chang Hao‐Hueng , Ling Chiang Meng , Chen Hsin‐Ming , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping , Chiang Chun‐Pin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground.Expression of placenta growth factor (PlGF) is found to correlate with the progression and prognosis of several human cancers.Methods.This study used an immunohistochemical technique to examine the expression of PlGF in 100 specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Results.We found that the higher mean PlGF labeling index was significantly associated with OSCCs with positive lymph node metastasis (p = .014) or with more advanced clinical stages (p = .016). Positive lymph node metastasis (p = .008) and PlGF labeling index >40% (p = .010) were identified as independent unfavorable prognosis factors by multivariate analyses with Cox regression model. Moreover, a Kaplan–Meier curve showed that OSCC patients with a PlGF labeling index >40% had a significantly poorer cumulative survival than those with a PlGF labeling index ≤40% (log‐rank test, p = .003).Conclusions.The PlGF labeling index can predict the progression and prognosis of OSCCs in Taiwan. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Hypopharyngeal perforation during endoscopic ultrasound treated by primary repair
Authors: Sharma Neil , Jindal Mudit , Mahon Brinder , Pracy Paul 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground.An endoscopic ultrasound scan is a common procedure used to diagnose conditions of the upper gastrointestinal tract. We present a case of hypopharyngeal perforation complicating endoscopic ultrasound scan treated with primary surgical repair.Methods and Results.A 62‐year‐old woman underwent an endoscopic ultrasound scan for investigation of a pancreatic lesion. A high esophageal perforation occurred during the procedure. She underwent emergency repair of this perforation via an external approach. Unfortunately her recovery was complicated by a pleural effusion which required a chest drain. She made a complete recovery, which was confirmed with a barium swallow.Discussion.Upper esophageal perforation is a rare complication of an endoscopic ultrasound scan and, to our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of hypopharyngeal perforation. The risk factors, incidence, and management of perforations are reviewed. Early recognition of hypopharyngeal perforation is important and, in selected cases, immediate repair of the defect can lead to a good result. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Two New Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from the Leaves and Flowers of Erica arborea
Authors: Demirkiran Ozlem , Topçu Gülaçtı , Bahadori Fatemeh , Ay Mehmet , Nazemiyeh Hossein , Choudhary Iqbal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo new phenylpropanoid glucosides, 1,2‐erythro‐1‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)propan‐1,3‐diol (1) and 7,8‐threo‐2′,8‐epoxysyringylglycerol‐7‐O‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside (ericarboside; 2) have been isolated together with four known compounds 2′,7‐epoxysyringylglycerol‐8‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (ficuscarpanoside B; 3), benzylrutinoside (hydrangeifolin; 4), phenethylrutinoside (5), and caffeic acid from the BuOH soluble part of the MeOH extract of the leaves and flowers of E. arborea L. Final purification of the compounds was achieved on a reversed‐phase HPLC. Their structures have been elucidated by extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques.