bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: S‐Adenosyl‐L‐Methionine–a new therapeutic agent in liver disease?
Authors: OSMAN E. , OWEN J. S. , BURROUGHS A. K. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe established biochemical effects of exogenous S‐Adenosyl‐l‐Methionine (SAMe) are diverse and are still being explored in liver disease. Putative therapeutic effects could be exerted via different mechanisms. The established deficiency of SAMe synthetase in cirrhosis could by bypassed by exogenous SAMe, leading to increased levels of sulphur‐containing amino acids and glutathione which would protect against oxidant stress and drug‐induced hepatotoxicity (for example, paracetamol). Furthermore SAMe could act by improving membrane fluidity, and thus potentially improve or restore the function of receptors, enzymes and transporters in the cell surface. Membrane fluidity is known to be affected by alterations in cell membrane lipid composition in chronic liver disease.Very few therapeutic agents are effective for the symptomatic or specific treatment of chronic liver disease. SAMe has established biochemical and biophysical effects which in pilot studies ameliorate symptoms and biochemical parameters of cholestasis. Moreover, abnormalities in liver function tests (including transaminase values) also improve. Before SAMe can be considered as an established therapy for patients with hepatic disease, long‐term controlled clinical trials of SAMe are needed to assess the benefit for patients' symptoms, well being, histological changes and progression of liver disease.
Gastric and duodenal mucosal blood flow in patients receiving non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs—influence of age, smoking, ulceration and Helicobacter pylori
Authors: TAHA A. S. , ANGERSON W. , NAKSHABENDI I. , BEEKMAN H. , MORRAN C. , STURROCK R. D. , RUSSELL R. I. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYUsing laser Doppler flowmetry, we measured gastric and duodenal mucosal blood flow in 70 patients who had taken non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for longer than 4 weeks, and studied the correlation with demographic factors, ulceration, andHelicobacter pylori. Blood flow was also measured in 17 other subjects not taking any drugs. Measurements were taken from healthy‐looking mucosa in the gastric antrum and the first part of the duodenum.Both gastric and duodenal blood flow values were significantly lower in patients taking NSAID than in those who did not. In the NSAID group, the median duodenal mucosal blood flow was 150 perfusion units in smokers (n =29) compared with 175 in non‐smokers (P= 0.024), 123 units in patients with duodenal ulcers (n =12) compared with 160 in those without duodenal ulcers (P= 0.020), 135 units in patients withH. pylori(n= 30) compared with 168 in patients without H.pylori(P= 0.033), and 118 in smokers infected withH. pyloricompared with 175 units in non‐smokers not infected with H.pylori(F= 13.4, P = 0.0005). There was no correlation with age. Gastric blood flow was not significantly influenced by any of the above variables.These results suggest that chronic NSAID intake is associated with reduced blood flow in both the stomach and duodenum. However, amongst NSAID patients, duodenal, but not gastric, mucosal blood flow is reduced in smokers, and in those with duodenal ulcers andH. pylori. Multivariate analysis showed that only the simultaneous presence of smoking and H.pylorihad an independent suppressive effect, and when combined, lower blood flow values are observed which might suggest a synergistic relationship between these two factors.
Calcium polycarbophil compared with placebo in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: TOSKES P. P. , CONNERY K. L. , RITCHEY T. W. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYCalcium polycarbophil was compared with placebo in 23 patients with irritable bowel syndrome in a six‐month, randomized double‐blind crossover study. Patients received polycarbophil tablets at a dosage of 6 g/day (twelve 0.5‐g tablets) or matching placebo tablets. At study end, among patients expressing a preference, 15 of 21 (71%) chose polycarbophil over placebo for relief of the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Statistically significant differences favouring polycarbophil were found among the following patient subgroups: 15 (79%) of 19 with constipation; all six with alternating diarrhoea and constipation; 13 (87%) of 15 with bloating; and 11 (92%) of 12 with two or more symptoms. Polycarbophil was rated better than placebo in monthly global responses to therapy. Patient diary entries showed statistically significant improvement for ease of passage with polycarbophil. Polycarbophil was rated better than placebo for relief of nausea, pain, and bloating. The data suggest that calcium polycarbophil can benefit irritable bowel syndrome patients with constipation or alternating diarrhoea and constipation and may be particularly useful in patients with bloating as a major complaint.
Short report: a non‐metronidazole triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection–tetracycline, amoxicillin, bismuth
Authors: GRAHAM D. Y. , LEW G. M. , RAMIREZ F. C. , GENTA R. M. , KLEIN P. D. , MALATY H. M. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYTriple therapies using bismuth, metronidazole and tetracycline or amoxicillin were the first truly successful anti‐H. pylori therapies. Metronidazole resistance has become an increasing problem that has severely limited the usefulness of the original triple therapy. Resistance to tetracycline or amoxicillin has not been reported and both are effective against H. pylori. We therefore tested a new triple therapy consisting of 500 mg tetracycline, 500 mg amoxicillin, and 2 tablets of bismuth subsalicylate each administered four times daily (with meals and at bedtime) for 14 days during treatment with ranitidine 300 mg daily. H. pylori eradication was defined as no evidence of H. pylori one or more months after stopping therapy. H. pylori status was evaluated by a combination of urea breath test and histology. Sixteen patients with H. pylori infection and active peptic ulcers were enrolled. The new triple therapy was successful in only 7 individuals (43%). Metronidazole appears to be critical for the effectiveness of the original triple therapy. An alternative to metronidazole will be required for a new successful triple therapy.
Review article: Lack of clinical significance of the interaction between H2‐receptor antagonists and ethanol
Authors: LEVITT M. D. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIt has been proposed that an appreciable fraction of ingested ethanol is metabolized in the gastric mucosa and that inhibition of this metabolism by H2‐receptor antagonists produces clinically important increases in blood ethanol. This paper reviews available data concerning gastric metabolism of ethanol and the influence of H2‐antagonists on ethanol metabolism. It concludes that very little, if any, metabolism of ethanol is likely to occur in the gastric mucosa, and the interaction between H2‐antagonists and ethanol is clinically insignificant.
The effects of lansoprazole, 30 or 60 mg daily, on intragastric pH and on endocrine function in healthy volunteers
Authors: DAMMANN H. G. , MÜHLEN A. VON ZUR , BALKS H. J. , DAMASCHKE A. , STEINHOFF J. , HENNIG U. , SCHWARZ J. A. , FUCHS W. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYSeven days of dosing with either 30 mg or 60 mg of lansoprazole were compared with placebo in a double‐blind, randomized, three‐way cross‐over study in 12 male healthy volunteers. Twenty‐four‐hour intragastric pH was measured after 7 days of dosing with each regimen, as well as 3 and 7 days after the end of dosing. During dosing with placebo, intragastric pH was above 4 for a median of 51 minutes. pH values were significantly raised to above 4 for 8.45 and 8.33 hours on Day 7 of dosing with lansoprazole 30 and 60 mg, respectively, but returned to normal by the third day after stopping dosing. No clinically relevant influence on endocrine function (serum concentrations of insulin, aldosterone, testosterone, parathormone, glucagon, T3, T4, TSH, LH, FSH, STH. prolactin, circadian Cortisol profile, ACTH test) was observed. No serious adverse clinical or laboratory events were noted.
Gastric anti‐secretory, mucosal protective, anti‐pepsin and anti‐Helicobacter properties of ranitidine bismuth citrate
Authors: STABLES R. , CAMPBELL C. J. , CLAYTON N. M. , CLITHEROW J. W. , GRINHAM C. J. , McCOLM A. A. , McLAREN A. , TREVETHICK M. A. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYRanitidine bismuth citrate is a novel compound formed from ranitidine and a bismuth citrate complex. In conscious dogs, ranitidine bismuth citrate had similar activity to ranitidine hydrochloride as an inhibitor of histamine‐induced gastric acid secretion when oral doses containing equivalent amounts of ranitidine base (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg) were compared. In the rat, ranitidine bismuth citrate (3–30 mg/kg p.o.) prevented gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol (fundic damage) and indomethacin (antral damage).Ranitidine hydrochloride and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate were also effective against indomethacin induced damage, but were both significantly less potent than ranitidine bismuth citrate in this model.Ranitidine hydrochloride was inactive against ethanol‐induced damage. In vitro, ranitidine bismuth citrate (1 mmol/L) inhibited human pepsin isoenzymes 1, 2, 3 and 5. Pepsin 1 was inhibited to a similar extent by ranitidine bismuth citrate, bismuth citrate and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate at concentrations equivalent to 1 mmol/L bismuth, but ranitidine (1 mmol/L) was inactive. Ranitidine bismuth citrate was more potent than tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate as an inhibitor of pepsins 2, 3 and 5. Ranitidine bismuth citrate inhibited both Helicobacter pylori (effective concentration 4–32, μg bismuth/ml) and H. mustelae (1–4,μg bismuth/ml); similar results were obtained with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate. Bismuth citrate was slightly less effective, and ranitidine hydrochloride was inactive (> 125, μg/ml). In ferrets naturally colonized with H. mustelae, oral treatment with ranitidine bismuth citrate, 12 or 24 mg/kg twice daily for 4 weeks, caused a dose related clearance of H. mustelae. Qualitatively similar results were obtained in a small study with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate and bismuth citrate.
Prospective study of the need for long‐term antisecretory therapy in patients with Zollinger—Ellison syndrome following successful curative gastrinoma resection
Authors: METZ D. C. , BENYA R. V. , FISHBEYN V. A. , PISEGNA J. R. , ORBUCH M. , STRADER D. B. , NORTON J. A. , JENSEN R. T. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYA long‐term cure is now possible in more than 30% of selected patients with Zollinger–Ellison syndrome who undergo gastrinoma resection. The need, however, for continued gastric acid antisecretory therapy in these patients remains controversial. The current study was designed to determine whether post‐operative antisecretory therapy is needed in patients who have undergone successful gastrinoma resection and, if so, to attempt to define criteria with which to identify patients who require therapy. Twenty‐eight consecutive patients who had previously undergone curative gastrinoma resection were prospectively studied. When antisecretory therapy was discontinued, 43% (12/28) of these patients developed gastro‐oesophageal reflux, diarrhoea, acid–peptic symptoms or endoscopic evidence of acid‐peptic disease within 2 weeks and were deemed to have failed a trial of antisecretory drug withdrawal. The remaining 57% (16/28) of patients who successfully discontinued antisecretory therapy were followed for a mean time of 31 months after withdrawal of therapy. Analysis of acid output studies pre‐operatively, as well as at the time of drug withdrawal, demonstrated that patients who were unable to discontinue antisecretory therapy exhibited higher pre‐operative maximal acid output values and higher basal acid output values at the time of attempted drug withdrawal than patients who were able to discontinue therapy. Despite these findings, there was significant overlap in acid output values between groups so that it was not possible to define specific acid output criteria for successful drug withdrawal. Pre‐operative clinical characteristics, such as the presence or absence of gastro‐esophageal reflux or acid‐peptic disease, or post‐operative laboratory values, such as the fasting serum gastrin level, did not correlate with the ability to discontinue antisecretory therapy. We conclude that following successful curative gastrinoma resection, 40% of patients still require antisecretory therapy and that both symptom evaluation as well as upper endoscopy should be used to guide attempted drug withdrawal. Although patients who are not able to discontinue therapy have significantly higher acid output measurements than those who are able to discontinue therapy, neither acid output criteria nor any other laboratory or clinical characteristics are able to predict the need for continued antisecretory therapy in these patients.
Short report: the absorption of fluconazole and itraconazole under conditions of low intragastric acidity
Authors: LIM S. G. , SAWYERR A. M. , HUDSON M. , SERCOMBE J. , POUNDER R. E. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe study investigated the oral absorption of two anti‐fungal agents, fluconazole and itraconazole, under conditions of low intragastric acidity. Twelve healthy male volunteers received each of 4 dosing regimens: 200 mg itraconazole alone, 200 mg itraconazole and famotidine, 100 mg fluconazole alone, and 100 mg fluconazole and famotidine. Two oral doses of 40 mg famotidine were used to induce hypochlorhydria. Serum drug concentrations were measured (by high pressure liquid chromatography) for 48 h after a single dose of each anti‐fungal agent. When dosed with famotidine, there was a significant 52.9% decrease of the peak intraconazole concentration (P< 0.011), and a significant 51.1% decrease of the 48‐h integrated serum intraconazole concentration (P= 0.005). Famotidine‐induced hypochlorhydria did not affect the absorption of fluconazole.
The mode of action of the aminosalicylates in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: GREENFIELD S. M. , PUNCHARD N. A. , TEARE J. P. , THOMPSON R. P. H. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYSulphasalazine and other 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA)‐containing drugs are used in the treatment of acute inflammatory bowel disease and in the maintenance of clinical remission. Despite their use for over 50 years, the mechanism of action of this class of drugs remains uncertain, although a number of possibilities are discussed in this review. It seems likely that the aminosalicylates are important free radical scavengers, can reduce leukotriene production and can inhibit the cellular release of interleukin‐1, all of which are likely to be important in reducing the acute inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease, The effects of these drugs on prostaglandin production are more contentious, but it appears that 10‐5to 10‐4M concentrations stimulate production of prostaglandins which may be cytoprotective, while higher doses of these drugs inhibit prostaglandin production. The aminosalicylates may maintain remission in inflammatory bowel disease by preventing leucocyte recruitment into the bowel wall. The drugs inhibit the chemotactic response to leukotriene B4, reduce the synthesis of platelet activating factor and also inhibit leucocyte adhesion molecule upregulation.
Effect of treatment with Liu‐Jun‐Zi‐Tang (TJ‐43) on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal symptoms in dyspeptic patients
Authors: TATSUTA M. , IISHI H. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effects of treatment with the Chinese herbal medicine Liu‐Jun‐Zi‐Tang (TJ‐43) on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal symptoms were investigated in 42 patients with chronic idiopathic dyspepsia. By random allocation, 22 patients received oral treatment with 2.5 g TJ‐43 three times daily, and 20 patients received placebo. Gastric emptying was measured by the acetaminophen absorption method. After 7 days of treatment, gastric emptying was significantly accelerated and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly reduced in patients treated with TJ‐43. Placebo treatment produced no significant effects. These findings indicate that TJ‐43 had a prokinetic action on gastric emptying and that it was useful in treating chronic dyspepsia.
Short report: treatment of Helicobacter pylori‐associated duodenal ulcer with omeprazole plus antibiotics
Authors: McCARTHY C. J. , COLLINS R. , BEATTIE S. , HAMILTON H. , O'MORAIN C. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYOmeprazole heals most duodenal ulcers after 4 weeks of treatment but relapse is common. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is associated with reduced rate of ulcer relapse. This study investigates the effect of omeprazole with antibiotics in H. pylori‐associated duodenal ulceration. Forty‐three patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer and H. pylori entered this study. Treatment consisted of 20 mg omeprazole daily (four weeks) and seven days (first week) treatment with 400 mg metronidazole t.d.s. and 500 mg tetracycline t.d.s. Four weeks after completing the treatment, 81 % (35143) had a healed duodenal ulcer, and 58% (25/43) had H. pylori eradication. In those who healed, at one year 21 remained H. pylori‐negative, 12 had persistent H. pylori infection and 2 had re‐infection. The ulcer relapse rate at one year was 26%: of the 9 who relapsed, 6 had persistent infection, 2 were re‐infected, and only 1 was H. pylori‐negative.This combination therapy of antibiotics with omeprazole successfully eradicates Helicobacter pylori and has a lower ulcer replase than omeprazole alone.
Short report: effect of sucralfate on angiogenesis in granulation tissue of acetic acid‐induced gastric ulcers in rats
Authors: TSUKAMOTO Y. , TSUCHIDA T. , GOTO H. , HASE S. , ARISAWA T. , NIWA Y. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe investigated the effect of sucralfate on angiogenesis in granulation tissue of gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid in rats using the carmine dye method. Intragastric administration of sucralfate at a dose of 500 mg/kg twice daily for 9 days significantly accelerated ulcer healing and significantly increased the extent of angiogenesis in the ulcer base on the tenth day after ulcer induction. As we reported previously, intragastric administration of cimetidine at a dose of 100 mg/kg once daily for 9 days decreased the extent of angiogenesis on the tenth day. However, combination treatment using sucralfate and cimetidine accelerated ulcer healing significantly, without altering the extent of angiogenesis. It is concluded, therefore, that the treatment with sucralfate may be effective in peptic ulcer disease from the standpoint of angiogenesis in the ulcer base.
Efficacy and tolerability of polyethylene glycol‐electrolyte lavage solution with and without simethicone in the preparation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease for colonoscopy
Authors: LAZZARONI M. , PETRILLO M. , DESIDERI S. , PORRO G. BIANCHI 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThis placebo‐controlled study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of polyethylene glycol‐electrolyte lavage solution (PEG‐ELS), with and without simethicone, in the preparation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease for colonoscopy. PEG‐ELS 4 L plus placebo, or PEG‐ELS 4 L plus simethicone 120 mg, was administered according to a randomized double‐blind protocol to 115 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The parameters assessed were: presence of bubbles, degree of haziness, degree of bowel cleansing and patient acceptance. In the 105 patients completing the study, the efficacy of colonic lavage was found to be essentially comparable for the two preparations, although the addition of simethicone showed a significant reduction in the formation of bubbles. Significantly better results were reported by patients treated with the drug combination regarding reduction of general malaise (P= 0.01) and sleep disturbance (P= 0.01).The PEG‐ELS solution represents an effective bowel cleansing method which can also be used for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. The addition of simethicone to the traditional formulation is an acceptable development in terms of clinical efficacy and tolerability.
Short report: prospective, randomized trial comparing a single dose sodium phosphate regimen with PEG–electrolyte lavage for colonoscopy preparation
Authors: MARSHALL J. B. , BARTHEL J. S. , KING P. D. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe performed a prospective, randomized trial in 52 patients to see how preparation with a single‐dose sodium phosphate solution regimen (Fleet Phospho‐Soda), in which the entire 89 ml dose was given on the evening prior to colonoscopy, compared with conventional polyethylene glycol(PEG)–electrolyte lavage in terms of quality of colon cleansing and ease of patient preparation. Previous trials had utilized a two‐dose sodium phosphate regimen in which one dose was given on the evening prior to colonoscopy and the other on the morning of the procedure. A nurse gave a questionnaire to the patient prior to colonoscopy, assessing how well the preparation was tolerated. The attending gastroenterologist graded the quality of colon cleansing, unaware of how the patient was prepared or tolerated the preparation (1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = fair, 4 = unsatisfactory). Both preparations were similarly tolerated. The overall quality of bowel preparation with PEG lavage was significantly better (mean score 1.62) than with the single‐dose sodium phosphate regimen (mean score 2.85) (P= 0.0002). Of 26 patients, 2 (7.7%) undergoing preparation with PEG lavage were judged to have had an unsatisfactory preparation, compared with 8 of 26 patients (30.8%) receiving the sodium phosphate regimen (P = 0.075). We conclude that the single‐dose sodium phosphate regimen is suboptimal for clinical practice and its use cannot be recommended.
Short report: smoking habits and the acquisition of metronidazole resistance in patients with Helicobacter pylori‐related gastritis
Authors: WITTEMAN E. M. , HOPMAN W. P. M. , BECX M. C. J. M. , DE KONING R. W. , TYTGAT G. N. J. , JANSSEN A. J. H. M. , JANSEN J. B. M. J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThirty‐three dyspeptic patients with colonization of Helicobacter pylorl in the gastric antrum were treated with tripotassium dicitrate bismuthate 120 mg q.d.s. for 28 days and metronidazole 250 mg q.d.s for 10 days starting on day 19. Five weeks after cessation of this treatment regimen H. pylori was eradicated in 23 patients. In 8 of the remaining 10 patients, H. pylori had become resistant to metronidazole. In this study resistance was significantly associated with smoking habits, but not with age, bacterial load, gastritis score or alcohol consumption.