bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and patterns of antibiotic using from 2014 to 2018 in stomatology hospitals of China
Authors: Guo Zhigang , Zhou Yue , Fu Mengyuan , Zheng Liguang , Shi Luwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze trends of antibiotic consumption and expenditure in Chinese stomatology hospitals between 2014 and 2018 with a longitudinal study design, and show the impacts of the comprehensive policy on dental antibiotic use in China.Subject and MethodsConsumption was quantified as the number of daily defined doses (DDDs) and expenditure as the procurement costs, using medical institutions' drug procurement data from the Chinese Monitoring Network for Rational Use of Drugs. Descriptive statistics was employed and the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was calculated to show the average annual growth rate.ResultsBetween 2014 and 2018, overall antibiotic consumption increased from 842.6 thousand DDDs to 1376.7 thousand DDDs (p < 0.001) and expenditure increased from 11.6 million RMB to 20.9 million RMB (p < 0.001), where other β‐lactam antibacterials accounted for the largest proportion of total consumption (37.1%–50.1%) and expenditure (52.9%–66.6%), and also increase the largest (CAGR = 18.4%, p < 0.001). The proportion of oral antibiotics was nearly 9 times of parenteral antibiotics in consumption (CAGR = 0.3%, p = 0.023) and only 2 times in expenditure (CAGR = −1.7%, p = 0.112). The non‐restricted group accounted for more than 90% of consumption (CAGR = 0.6%, p < 0.001). In 2018, oral first‐generation cephalosporins (22.8%), oral imidazole derivatives (22.3%), and oral second‐generation cephalosporins (19.2%) were the most frequently used antibiotic classification, while parenteral second‐generation cephalosporins were top one (19.8%) for expenditure. At chemical substance levels, the consumption of oral cefradine ranked top one (21.4%) and parenteral cefuroxime accounted for the largest proportion of expenditure (14.5%) in 2018. Oral cefradine, oral metronidazole, and oral cefaclor were the top three frequently consumed antibiotics throughout the five years.ConclusionsDespite the potential antibiotic overuse, the comprehensive antibiotic stewardship regulations of China got a satisfactory and better performance in dental practices. More effort is needed to establish more explicit guidelines to improve antibiotic stewardship, such as priority recommending amoxicillin and its derivatives for endodontic infections.
Biological and prognostic significance of NDRG2 downregulation in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Chi‐Hyun , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Shim Hye‐Won , Shin Wui‐Jung , Cho Young‐Ah , Yoon Hye‐Jung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveDownregulation of N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a tumor suppressor gene, has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in various cancers. However, the prognostic significance of NDRG2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of NDRG2 downregulation in OSCC and to elucidate the mechanism by which NDRG2 is downregulated and the biological role of NDRG2 in tumor progression.MethodsImmunohistochemical and in silico analyses of NDRG2 expression were performed, and the correlation between NDRG2 expression and clinicopathological data was analyzed. The effect of NDRG2 knockdown on the biological behavior of OSCC cells was investigated and the effect of 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dC) on NDRG2 expression was determined.ResultsNDRG2 expression was significantly downregulated and DNA hypermethylation of NDRG2 was frequently found in head and neck SCC, including OSCC. Low NDRG2 expression was significantly correlated with adverse clinicopathological features and worse survival in OSCC. NDRG2 knockdown could enhance the oncogenic properties of OSCC cells. NDRG2 mRNA levels in OSCC cells could be restored by 5‐aza‐dC.ConclusionDownregulation of NDRG2 promotes tumor progression and predicts poor prognosis in OSCC. Therefore, restoration of NDRG2 expression may be a potential therapeutic strategy in OSCC.
Is Aggressive Surgery Always Necessary for Suspected Early‐Onset Surgical Site Infection after Lumbar Surgery? A 10‐Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zou Lin , Sun Pengxiao , Chen Weidong , Shi Jiawei , Zhang Yujing , Zhong Jintao , Qu Dongbin , Zheng Minghui 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveSurgical site infection (SSI) after spinal surgery is still a persistent worldwide health concern as it is a worrying and devastating complication. The number of samples in previous studies is limited and the role of conservative antibiotic therapy has not been established. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of empirical antibiotic treatment for suspected early‐onset deep spinal SSI.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study to identify all cases with suspected early‐onset deep SSI after lumbar instrumented surgery between January 2009 and December 2018. We evaluated the potential risks for antibiotic treatment, examined the antibiotic treatment failure rate, and applied logistic regression analysis to assess the risk factors for empirical antibiotic treatment failure.ResultsOver the past 10 years, 45 patients matched the inclusion criteria. The success rate of antibiotic treatment was 62.2% (28/45). Of the 17 patients who failed antibiotic treatment, 16 were cured after a debridement intervention and the remaining one required removal of the internal fixation before recovery. On univariate analysis, risk factors for antibiotic treatment failure included age, increasing or persisting back pain, wound dehiscence, localized swelling, and time to SSI (cut‐off: 10 days). Multivariate analysis revealed that infection occurring 10 days after primary surgery and wound dehiscence were independent risk factors for antibiotic treatment failure.ConclusionAppropriate antibiotic treatment is an alternative strategy for suspected early‐onset deep SSI after lumbar instrumented surgery. Antibiotic treatment for suspected SSI occurring within 10 days after primary surgery may improve the success rate of antibiotic intervention. Patients with wound dehiscence have a significantly higher likelihood of requiring surgical intervention.
A cotton mitochondrial alternative electron transporter, GhD2HGDH, induces early flowering by modulating GA and photoperiodic pathways
Authors: Billah Masum , Renju Liu , Wei Hu , Qanmber Ghulam , Da Yan , Lan Yang , Qing‐di Yan , Fuguang Li , Zhaoen Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractD‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) is a mitochondrial enzyme containing flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD, existing as a dimer, and it facilitates the specific oxidation of D‐2HG to 2‐oxoglutarate (2‐OG), which is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. A Genome‐wide expression analysis (GWEA) has indicated an association between GhD2HGDH and flowering time. To further explore the role of GhD2HGDH, we performed a comprehensive investigation encompassing phenotyping, physiology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics in Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing GhD2HGDH. Transcriptomic and qRT‐PCR data exhibited heightened expression of GhD2HGDH in upland cotton flowers. Additionally, early‐maturing cotton exhibited higher expression of GhD2HGDH across all tissues than delayed‐maturing cotton. Subcellular localization confirmed its presence in the mitochondria. Overexpression of GhD2HGDH in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering. Using virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS), we investigated the impact of GhD2HGDH on flowering in both early‐ and delayed‐maturing cotton plants. Manipulation of GhD2HGDH expression levels led to changes in photosynthetic pigment and gas exchange attributes. GhD2HGDH responded to gibberellin (GA3) hormone treatment, influencing the expression of GA biosynthesis genes and repressing DELLA genes. Protein interaction studies, including yeast two‐hybrid, luciferase complementation (LUC), and GST pull‐down assays, confirmed the interaction between GhD2HGDH and GhSOX (Sulfite oxidase). The metabolomics analysis demonstrated GhD2HGDH's modulation of the TCA cycle through alterations in various metabolite levels. Transcriptome data revealed that GhD2HGDH overexpression triggers early flowering by modulating the GA3 and photoperiodic pathways of the flowering core factor genes. Taken together, GhD2HGDH positively regulates the network of genes associated with early flowering pathways.
Morpho‐histology of co‐occurrence of somatic embryos, shoots, and inflorescences within a callus of Limonium ‘Misty Blue’
Authors: Raha Priyanka , Khatua Ishita , Saha Gourab , Adhikari Sinchan , Gantait Saikat , Bandyopadhyay Tapas Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis is the first attempt to report the co‐occurrence of somatic embryos, shoots, and inflorescences and their sequential development from stem cell niches of an individual callus mass through morpho‐histological study of any angiosperm. In the presence of a proper auxin/cytokinin combination, precambial stem cells from the middle layer of a compact callus, which was derived from the thin cell layer of the inflorescence rachis of Limonium, expressed the highest level of totipotency and pluripotency and simultaneously developed somatic embryos, shoots, and inflorescences. This study also proposed the concept of programmed cell death during bipolar somatic embryo and unipolar shoot bud pattern formation. The unique feature of this research was the stepwise histological description of in vitro racemose inflorescence development. Remarkably, during the initiation of inflorescence development, either a unipolar structure with open vascular elements or an independent bipolar structure with closed vascular elements were observed. The protocol predicted the production of 6.6 ± 0.24 and 7.4 ± 0.24 somatic embryos and shoots, respectively, from 400 mg of callus, which again multiplied, rooted, and acclimatised. The plants' ploidy level and genetic fidelity were assessed randomly before acclimatisation by flow cytometry and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) marker analysis. Finally, the survivability and flower quality of the regenerated plants were evaluated in the field.
Natural variation in root traits identifies significant SNPs and candidate genes for phosphate deficiency tolerance in Zea mays L.
Authors: Rajput Prakriti , Urfan Mohammad , Sharma Shubham , Hakla Haroon Rashid , Nandan Brij , Das Ranjan , Roychowdhury Rajib , Chowdhary Sikander Pal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is a crucial macronutrient required for normal plant growth. Its effective uptake from the soil is a trait of agronomic importance. Natural variation in maize (339 accessions) root traits, namely root length and number of primary, seminal, and crown roots, root and shoot phosphate (Pi) contents, and root‐to‐shoot Pi translocation (root: shoot Pi) under normal (control, 40 ppm) and low phosphate (LP, 1 ppm) conditions, were used for genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). The Bayesian‐information and Linkage‐disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK) model of GWAS provided 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 12 relevant candidate genes putatively linked with root Pi, root: shoot Pi, and crown root number (CRN) under LP. The DNA‐protein interaction analysis of Zm00001d002842, Zm00001d002837, Zm00001d002843 for root Pi, and Zm00001d044312, Zm00001d045550, Zm00001d025915, Zm00001d044313, Zm00001d051842 for root: shoot Pi, and Zm00001d031561, Zm00001d001803, and Zm00001d001804 for CRN showed the presence of potential binding sites of key transcription factors like MYB62, bZIP11, ARF4, ARF7, ARF10 and ARF16 known for induction/suppression of phosphate starvation response (PHR). The in‐silico RNA‐seq analysis revealed up or down‐regulation of candidate genes along with key transcription factors of PHR, while Uniprot analysis provided genetic relatedness. Candidate genes that may play a role in P uptake and root‐to‐shoot Pi translocation under LP are proposed using common PHR signaling components like MYB62, ARF4, ARF7, ARF10, ARF16, and bZIP11 to induce changes in root growth in maize. Candidate genes may be used to improve low P tolerance in maize using the CRISPR strategy.
Robert Park and Norbert Elias's contributions to ethnic and racial studies: A relational approach
Authors: Webb Andrew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince Weber's work on ethnic affinities, two centuries have passed in which scholars have drawn on sociological traditions in attempts to capture the characteristics and complexities of ethnic and racial phenomena. While some authors' works have been critically acclaimed and widely cited, others remain somewhat more peripheral, including two of sociology's more famous names from the classical cannon: Robert Park and Norbert Elias. In this paper I present these seminal thinkers' central ideas, discussing some of the crucial points of convergence, as well as limitations and divergences between them, and conclude with some of the contributions that might be applicable for studying ethnic and racial phenomena as intrinsically relational and processual. I suggest that this approach is valuable for avoiding dichotomising tendencies frequently found in ongoing debates between primordialist, constructivist, situationalist, and instrumental accounts of intergroup identities. I note that neither Elias nor Park's individual approaches are sufficient as self‐contained theoretical frameworks for the task of advancing an understanding relational ethnicity, but it is precisely in their conceptual convergencies where there is potential for moving forwards.
The trade effect of regional trade agreements in the presence of duty drawbacks
Authors: Hayakawa Kazunobu , Laksanapanyakul Nuttawut , Mukunoki Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBefore regional trade agreements (RTAs) come into force, some firms enjoy duty‐free imports using other tariff regimes such as a duty drawback (DD) regime. For such firms, the use of RTA tariff regimes will not provide additional benefits in terms of duty exemption. In this study, we examine the trade effects of RTAs in the presence of a DD regime. We theoretically demonstrate that firms that switch from a DD to an RTA regime will either increase or decrease their imports. Subsequently, we empirically analyse the effect of this switching on imports using firm‐level trade data from Thailand. The empirical results show that switching firms either increase or do not change their imports. Our data also suggest that this increase in imported inputs is used to produce goods for the domestic market, not the export market. We also reveal that relatively small‐sized firms tend to switch to the RTA regime, while relatively large‐sized firms continue importing under the DD regime even after the entry of RTAs into force. With these results, we discuss the implication for the magnitude of trade creation effects of RTAs under the presence of DD regimes.
Modelling rice competition with Leptochloa fusca, Bidens frondosa and Ammannia coccinea in transplanted rice cultivation
Authors: Umurzokov Mirjalol , Bo Aung Bo , Cho Kwang Min , Lim Soo‐Hyun , Kim Do‐Soon , Kim Jin‐Won , Lee Jeongran , Park Sang‐Un , Park Kee Woong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA 2‐year field experiment was conducted in Daejeon, South Korea, to investigate changes in the growth parameters of rice plants during the growth and model the rice yield loss as affected by the competition with Leptochloa fusca, Bidens frondosa and Ammannia coccinea under transplanted rice cultivation. Compared with B. frondosa and A. coccinea, L. fusca significantly reduced the number of tillers at the early growth stage, resulting in more reduction in the number of panicles and other yield components such as the number of spikelets, ripened grain ratio and the ultimate rice yield at the later growth stage. Among the components, the panicle number was the most negatively and positively correlated with weed density and rice yield, respectively. Cousens' rectangular hyperbola model predicted that weed competitiveness value represented by parameter β was 0.0337 and 0.0572 for L. fusca, 0.0124 and 0.0165 for B. frondosa and 0.0059 to 0.0061 for A. coccinea in 20.8 and 15.2 hill m−2 rice densities, respectively, indicating the competition effect of L. fusca on rice yield was greater than that of B. frondosa and A. coccinea. Weed densities corresponding to a 50% reduction in the rice yield were 27 and 18 for L. fusca, 81 and 61 for B. frondosa and 169–164 for A. coccinea in 20.8 and 15.2 hill m−2 rice densities, respectively. Weeds are more competitive in low‐density rice plots, leading to greater yield loss. In addition, the economic thresholds (ET) are positively correlated with rice densities and negatively correlated with weed competitiveness. Although low‐density rice transplanting may offer economic benefits during cultivation, optimal rice density and weed control strategies are important for securing a high yield. Therefore, the model and findings could be applied to decision‐making systems in rice farming where weed interference is present.
Semi-Analytical Solution for a Single-Phase Thermal Conduction Problem of a Hollow-Cylinder With a Growing or Receding Inner Radius
Authors: Kumar Pavan , Segall Albert , Drapaca Corina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A semi-analytical solution for the thermal conduction of a single phase, homogeneous, circular, hollow-cylinder with a growing or receding inner radius at a constant rate under unit-loading was derived using conformal mapping, Laplace transformation, and a Zakian series representation of the inverse Laplace transform. All solutions allow for convection on the fixed outer radius. Predictions were compared to finite element simulations with excellent agreement observed. Given the changing thickness, thermal transients could not reach true steady-state equilibrium, especially for faster growth or recession rates. Indeed, the temperature states become somewhat linear with respect to time, reflecting the constant velocity of growth or recession. In practice, the resulting solutions can be used to determine temperatures during machining, wear, erosion, corrosion, and/or additive manufacturing, especially for lower temperature solid-state methods such as cold-spray.
Global Sensitivity Analysis of Ultrasonic Testing Simulations of Slot-Like Defects With Multifidelity Modeling
Authors: Liu Yen-Chen , Miorelli Roberto , Leifsson Leifur , Reboud Christophe , Calmon Pierre 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, an efficient global sensitivity analysis (GSA) method for simulation-based ultrasonic testing (UT) of slot-like defects using multifidelity modeling with novel termination criterion is proposed. GSA quantifies the effect of quantities of interest with variability (e.g., position, height, and angle) on the output (e.g., amplitude). GSA with Sobol’ indices requires the use of Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) when dealing with nonlinear problems having many parameters. It is impractical to perform GSA directly on high-fidelity physics-based models due to their long evaluation times and the large number of required samples. Multifidelity methods construct surrogate models based on data from an accurate high-fidelity model (HFM) and fast low-fidelity models (LFMs). The multifidelity surrogates evaluate quickly and can be used in lieu of the HFM to accelerate the GSA. Conventional multifidelity methods construct the surrogate to meet a prespecified error metric before using it within an analysis. This requires a separate set of testing data and an often arbitrary error metric threshold. To avoid these, a novel multifidelity modeling termination criterion for GSA is proposed that is based on the absolute relative change of the Sobol’ indices. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a simulated UT case inspecting a slot-like defect with three uncertainty variables. The results show a potential for significant reduction in computational cost compared with conventional approaches.
Combined Effect of Surface Irregularities and Applied Voltage on the Behavior of Hole-Entry Spherical Hybrid Journal Bearings Lubricated With an Electro-Rheological Fluid
Authors: Tomar Adesh Kumar , Sahu Krishnkant , Sharma Satish C. , Marian Max 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Surface irregularities substantially affect the performance of tribological systems. The influence of three-dimensional surface irregularities on the behavior of hole-entry spherical hybrid journal bearings has been investigated. Recently, smart fluids have been employed in several applications to improve their performance. The interactive effect of electro-rheological (ER) fluid and surface irregularities has also been studied. The modified Reynolds equation and restrictor flow equation have been solved using the finite element technique with appropriate boundary conditions. The results show that consideration of surface irregularities on the bearing surface enhances bearing stability. Spherical hybrid journal bearings lubricated by ER fluid increase minimum fluid film thickness and minimize the possibility of metal-to-metal contact. It is found that the combined effect of surface irregularities and ER fluid significantly improved the bearing performance parameters than individual behavior. The bearing designer is anticipated to benefit from the current model.
An Enhanced Modeling Framework for Bearing Fault Simulation and Machine Learning-Based Identification With Bayesian-Optimized Hyperparameter Tuning
Authors: Ortiz Ricardo , Miranda-Chiquito Piedad , Encalada-Davila Angel , Marquez Luis E. , Tutiven Christian , Chatzi Eleni , Silva Christian E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Monitoring the condition of rotating machinery offers a salient tool for predictive maintenance of rolling elements subjected to continuous working loads, wear, fatigue, and degradation. In this study, an enhanced computational tool for bearing fault simulation and feature extraction is proposed. A subsequent identification scheme is realized, through Bayesian optimization of hyperparameters, including support vector classifier (SVC), gradient boosting (GBoost), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and categorical boosting (CatBoost). The proposed hyperparameter optimization technique stands out from traditional methods by offering a more informed and efficient pathway to optimal performance in predictive maintenance. By using Bayesian optimization for hyperparameter tuning of machine learning models, which has not been extensively explored in this field, our approach shows significant advancements. Typical instances of bearing faults like inner race, outer race, and ball faults are considered. The analysis relies on the extraction of statistical and engineering characteristics from the collected response signals, including kurtosis, root mean square, peak, and ridge factor. Highly influential variables are highlighted on the basis of feature selection and importance algorithms, allowing bearing fault classification. We demonstrate that SVC and LightGBM produce over 97% of accuracy at low computational cost. This approach constitutes a robust and scalable framework for similar applications in engineering diagnostics.