bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of the novel proteasome inhibitor CEP‐18770 in human plasma and its application in a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Sala Federica , Marangon Elena , Bagnati Renzo , Livi Valeria , Cereda Roberta , D'Incalci Maurizio , Zucchetti Massimo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCEP‐18770, [(1R)‐1‐{[(2S,3R)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐{[(6‐phenyl‐2‐pyridinyl)carbonyl]amino}butanoyl]amino}‐3‐methylbutyl]boronic acid, is a novel proteasome inhibitor, now under early clinical evaluation as an anticancer agent. To investigate its clinical pharmacokinetics, a high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated to measure the drug in human plasma, based on simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile after the addition of irbesartan as internal standard. The method requires a small volume of sample (100 µl) and is rapid and selective, allowing good resolution of peaks in 5 min. It is sensitive, precise and accurate, with overall precision, expressed as coefficient of variation (CV%), always < 10.0%, accuracy in the range 93.8–107.7% and high recovery, close to 100%. The limit of detection is 0.01 ng/ml and the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) is 0.20 ng/ml. The assay was validated in the range from the LLOQ up to 50.00 ng/ml. This is the first method developed and validated for analyzing a proteasome inhibitor with a boronic‐acid‐based structure in human plasma. The method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of CEP‐18770 in cancer patients with solid tumors or multiple myeloma who had received the drug as a short intravenous bolus during the initial Phase I trial. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late nitrogen fertilization affects carbohydrate mobilization in wheat
Authors: Fuertes‐Mendizábal Teresa , Setién Igor , Estavillo José M. , Begoña González‐Moro M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn experiment was carried out to determine how the late application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer affects the use of pre‐anthesis carbon reserves during the grain‐filling period of pot‐grown wheat with no water shortage. Increasing doses (equivalent to 0, 140, and 180 kg N ha–1) of N fertilizer were applied, either in two amendments (stages GS20 and GS30) or in three amendments (stages GS20, GS30, and GS37, according to Zadoks scale). The management of fertilizer by combining an increased N rate with late N application was able to stimulate canopy development, to raise photosynthetic capacity and carbohydrate accumulation during the vegetative stages, and to increase grain yield. Based on the dynamics of carbohydrate accumulation in the ear, three phases were differentiated during the grain‐filling period, whose temporary pattern remained stable regardless of the fertilizer management. The net remobilization of carbohydrates started 12 d after anthesis from the leaves and 28 d after anthesis from roots and stems. The increase of the N dose with late N application allowed on one hand a lower use of the pre‐anthesis carbon reserves in favor of greater de novo photosynthesis during the grain‐filling period, and on the other hand greater relative contribution of the leaf and ear C reserves to remobilization towards the grain. Further splitting the dose increased only the relative contribution of ear C reserves. The stem contribution seemed to be independent of N applied whereas the root contribution tended to diminish with late N application.
Expression of B7‐H4 in blood of patients with gastric cancer predicts tumor progression and prognosis
Authors: Arigami Takaaki , Uenosono Yoshikazu , Hirata Munetsugu , Hagihara Takahiko , Yanagita Shigehiro , Ishigami Sumiya , Natsugoe Shoji 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesB7‐H4 is a novel molecular B7 ligand that plays an important role as a negative regulator of the T cell‐mediated immune response. However, the clinical significance of B7‐H4 expression in gastric cancer remains uncertain. Here, we assessed B7‐H4 expression in blood of patients with gastric cancer to determine whether or not it can predict tumor progression and prognosis.MethodsWe measured B7‐H4 mRNA expression by quantitative RT‐PCR in five gastric cell lines as well as in blood specimens from 94 patients with gastric cancer and from 22 healthy volunteers.ResultsSignificantly more B7‐H4 mRNA copies were found in gastric cell lines and in blood from patients with gastric cancer than in blood from healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). B7‐H4 expressed in 71 (75.5%) of 94 patients with gastric cancer significantly correlated with depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and overall stage (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). The 5‐year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with than without B7‐H4 expression (P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe evaluation of B7‐H4 expression in blood is a useful tool for predicting the progression of gastric cancer and prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:748–752. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluations of interferon‐γ/interleukin‐4 ratio and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as prognostic indicators in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Ubukata Hideyuki , Motohashi Gyou , Tabuchi Takanobu , Nagata Hiroyuki , Konishi Satoru , Tabuchi Takafumi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTh2‐dominant immunity and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) have been reported to reflect tumor progression, and so we examined whether the Th1/Th2 ratio and NLR can act as prognostic indicators or not.MethodsPeripheral blood samples were taken within 1 week before and 14 postoperative days after curative gastrectomy using 157 gastric cancer cases for the measurement of both ratios. The proportions of Th1 cells (interferon γ‐producing CD4 T cells), Th2 cells (interleukin‐4‐producing CD4 T cells) were counted by two‐color flow cytometry analysis.ResultsThere were significant differences in 5‐year survival both between the high and low Th1/Th2 ratio groups, and between the high and low NLR groups. The pattern classifications before and after surgery in the Th1/Th2 ratio showed strongly significant differences in 5‐year survival. NLR was especially influenced by tumor size, and there was a negative linear correlation between the two ratios before surgery.ConclusionsThe Th1/Th2 ratio may be a good prognostic indicator and may also be a promising marker for estimating the effectiveness of surgery. NLR may also be a good prognostic indicator and may be a valid marker of tumor recurrence, and it appeared that some interaction between lymphocytes and neutrophils had occurred. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:742–747. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helical Mechanoclinic Deformation of Main‐Chain Chiral Smectic Elastomers
Authors: Tashiro Tohru , Kondo Yui , Hiraoka Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe helical mechanoclinic deformation of a main‐chain chiral smectic elastomer, which is prepared by a crosslinking reaction under twist deformation, is investigated. The twist deformation induces a layer tilt angle that depends on the handedness of twist. The layer tilt angle in the right‐handedly twisted elastomer, of which the handedness is consistent with that of the helix in the SmC* phase of the non‐crosslinked backbone polymer, is estimated to be up to 16° at room temperature, although that in the left‐handedly twisted elastomer is less than several degrees. The experiments provide evidence of chiral coupling between tilt and twist for helical mechanoclinic deformation in the chiral smectic system. magnified image
Noncontrast‐enhanced peripheral MRA: Technical optimization of flow‐spoiled fresh blood imaging for screening peripheral arterial diseases
Authors: Nakamura Katsumi , Miyazaki Mitsue , Kuroki Kiyomi , Yamamoto Akiyoshi , Hiramine Akihiro , Admiraal‐Behloul Faiza 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFlow‐spoiled fresh blood imaging, a noncontrast peripheral MR angiography technique, allows the depiction of the entire tree of peripheral arteries by utilizing the signal difference between systolic‐ and diastolic‐triggered data. The image quality of the technique relies on selecting the right triggering delay times and flow‐dependent read‐out spoiler gradient pulses. ECG triggering delays were verified using manual subtraction and automated software. The read‐out spoiler gradients pulses were optimized on volunteers before utilizing the flow‐spoiled fresh blood imaging technique to screen for peripheral arterial disease. Thirteen consecutive patients with suspected peripheral arterial disease underwent both flow‐spoiled fresh blood imaging and 16‐detector‐row computed tomography angiography examinations. A total of 23 segments were evaluated in the arterial vascular system. Using computed tomography angiography as the reference standard, 56 diseased segments were detected with 22 nonsignificant stenoses (<50%) and 34 significant stenoses, 15 of which were totally occluded. Flow‐spoiled fresh blood imaging had a sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 96%, an accuracy of 96%, a positive predictive value of 88%, and a negative predictive value of 99%. With such a high negative predictive value, flow‐spoiled fresh blood imaging has the potential to become the safest noninvasive screening tool for peripheral arterial disease, especially for patients with impaired renal function. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast multislice pH‐weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI with Unevenly segmented RF irradiation
Authors: Sun Phillip Zhe , Cheung Jerry S. , Wang Enfeng , Benner Thomas , Sorensen A. Gregory 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is a versatile imaging technique for measuring microenvironment properties via dilute CEST labile groups. Conventionally, CEST MRI is implemented with a long radiofrequency irradiation module, followed by fast image acquisition to obtain the steady state CEST contrast. Nevertheless, the sensitivity, scan time, and spatial coverage of the conventional CEST MRI method may not be optimal. Our study proposed a segmented radiofrequency labeling scheme that includes a long primary radiofrequency irradiation module to generate the steady state CEST contrast and repetitive short secondary radiofrequency irradiation module immediately after the image acquisition so as to maintain the steady state CEST contrast for multislice acquisition and signal averaging. The proposed CEST MRI method was validated experimentally with a tissue‐like pH phantom and optimized for the maximal contrast‐to‐noise ratio. In addition, the proposed sequence was evaluated for imaging ischemic acidosis via pH‐weighted endogenous amide proton transfer MRI, which showed similar contrast as conventional amide proton transfer MRI. In sum, a fast multislice relaxation self‐compensated CEST MRI sequence was developed, with significantly improved sensitivity and suitable for in vivo applications. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frictional slip plane growth by localization detection and the extended finite element method (XFEM)
Authors: Sanborn Scott E. , Prévost Jean H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper is concerned with developing a numerical tool for detecting instabilities in elasto‐plastic solids (with an emphasis on soils) and inserting a discontinuity at these instabilities allowing the boundary value problem to proceed beyond these instabilities. This consists of implementing an algorithm for detection of strong discontinuities within a finite element (FE) framework. These discontinuities are then inserted into the FE problem through the use of a displacement field enrichment technique called the extended finite element method (XFEM). The newly formed discontinuities are governed by a Mohr–Coulomb frictional law that is enforced by a penalty method. This implementation within an FE framework is then tested on a compressive soil block and a soil slope where the discontinuity is inserted and grown according to the localization detection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of the short form of the chinese childbirth self‐efficacy inventory in Mainland China
Authors: Gao Ling‐Ling , Ip Wan‐Yim , Sun Ke 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSelf‐efficacy increasingly has been reported as an important outcome measure in childbirth care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometrics of the short form of the Chinese Childbirth Self‐Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI‐C32) in mainland China. A convenience sample of 297 pregnant Chinese women who were attending the out‐patient clinic of the study hospital in Guangzhou participated in the study. The participants were asked to complete the CBSEI‐C32, the Chinese Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (CSAS), the Chinese Self‐Efficacy Scale (CSE) and the socio‐demographic questionnaire. A subgroup of 75 pregnant women was selected randomly from the total sample using a table of random numbers for test–retest reliability assessment. The findings demonstrate high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .96) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .88) for the CBSEI‐C32. Confirmatory factor analysis showed some support for a two‐factor structure of the CBSEI‐C32, and construct validity was further supported by a significant relationship with CSAS. The CBSEI‐C32 has the potential to be used as a clinical and research instrument for measuring childbirth self‐efficacy in women in mainland China. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 34:49–59, 2011
Cortical index of three prehistoric human Pacific Island samples
Authors: Robb K. F. , Buckley H. R. , Spriggs M. , Bedford S. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTTo understand stress, attention must focus on the costs and limits of adaptation. The current study investigates two non‐specific indicators of stress in human skeletal remains from three prehistoric sites in the Pacific Islands as an attempt to understand differential responses to island environments. The samples used in this study represent both colonising and established populations and are spread geographically throughout the Pacific Islands. In the current study both inter and intrasample comparisons of cortical index (CI) and maximum femoral length are made. Within all the samples there is evidence of an age related decline in CI and a sexual dimorphism of CI and maximum femoral length. No significant correlations are found between the non‐specific indicators of stress and the temporal and spatial distributions of the samples. Overall, the indicators used in the current study show very similar results and therefore do not seem to reflect differential adaptation to Pacific Island environments through time and across island groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of soft polymeric nanoparticles and composites with tunable properties
Authors: Sahiner Nurettin , Ilgin Pinar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPolymeric particles comprising acrylonitrile (AN)‐based core and acrylamide derivative–based shell in the submicron range with positive and negative charges were synthesized via microemulsion polymerization. 2‐Acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and 3‐(acrylamidopropyl)‐trimethyl ammonium chloride (APTMACl) were used as shell‐forming charged monomers onto AN core for the synthesis of p(AN‐co‐AMPS) and p(AN‐co‐APTMACl), respectively, using an oil‐in‐water emulsion system. To tune the characteristics of the core–shell particles, AN moieties in the core were amidoximated to change the nature of the core from hydrophobic (nitrile) to hydrophilic (amidoxime) nature. Additionally, colloidal magnetite particles (Fe3O4) produced by chemical coprecipitation technique under alkaline and inert conditions were also included inside p(AN‐co‐AMPS) and p(AN‐co‐APTMACl) particles as dual‐responsive nanocomposites against pH and magnetic field. With the magnetic properties, AN‐based core with modifiable characteristics and acrylamide‐based polyelectrolyte shells with variable charges and sizes were further used as drug carriers. For potential targeted drug delivery application of the synthesized soft particles and their composites Naproxen and Trimethoprim were used as model drugs, and he release studies were carried in phosphate buffer saline (pH = 7.4) at ambient temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Measuring tidal breathing parameters using a volumetric vest in neonates with and without lung disease
Authors: Olden C. , Symes E. , Seddon P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLung function measurement is difficult in unsedated infants; tidal breathing parameters are a useful non‐invasive surrogate, but even these measurements cause disturbance from applying a facemask. We investigated a novel volumetric vest system (FloRight), which measures volume changes of the respiratory system from changes in the magnetic fields induced by current‐carrying coils around the entire chest and abdomen. Using a facemask and ultrasonic flowmeter as comparator, we assessed the validity and repeatability of tidal breathing parameters measured by FloRight in 10 healthy newborn infants during natural sleep. We also assessed the effect of a facemask on tidal volume and tidal expiratory flow parameters. To assess the ability of the FloRight system to detect disease, we compared the healthy infants with 11 infants suffering from bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Tidal parameters with the FloRight vest corresponded closely with facemask measurements. Mean difference, mask minus vest, for tidal volume was 0.096 ml (P < 0.05), with limits of agreement +4.5 to −4.3 ml. Coefficient of repeatability was similar for mask and vest measurements. Tidal volume measured by FloRight with mask in place (20.6 ml) was significantly higher than without mask (16.1 ml), but tidal expiratory flow parameters were not altered. FloRight measurements of tidal parameters were markedly different between the two groups of infants, with tidal volume per Kg significantly higher and tidal expiratory flow parameters significantly lower. Our findings suggest that the FloRight system is able to measure tidal breathing parameters accurately, in healthy newborn infants, without prior calibration on the infant. It appears to have at least sufficient sensitivity to detect severe respiratory disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010;45:1070–1075. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of Pd–Au/MWCNTs formic acid electrooxidation catalysts
Authors: Mikolajczuk Anna , Borodzinski Andrzej , Stobinski Leszek , Kedzierzawski Piotr , Lesiak Beata , Kövér László , Tóth József , Lin Hong‐Ming 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Pd–Au multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) supported catalyst exhibits higher power density in direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) than similar Pd/MWCNTs catalyst. The Pd–Au/MWCNTs catalyst also exhibits higher activity and is more stable in electrooxidation reaction of formic acid during cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. After preparation by polyol method, the catalyst was subjected to two type of treatments: (I) annealing at 250 °C in 100% of Ar, (II) reducing in 5% of H2 in Ar atmosphere at 200 °C. It was observed that the catalyst after treatment I was completely inactive, whereas after treatment II exhibited high activity.In order to explain this effect the catalysts were characterized by electron spectroscopy methods. The higher initial catalytic activity of Pd–Au/MWCNTs catalyst than Pd/MWCNTs catalyst in reaction of formic acid electrooxidation was attributed to electronic effect of gold in Pd–Au solution, and larger content of small Au nanoparticles of 1 nm size. The catalytic inactivity of Pd–Au/MWCNTs catalysts annealed in argon is attributed to carbon amorphous overlayer covering of Pd oxide shell on the metallic nanoparticles.
Electroluminescent properties of CdS/CNT hybrid material
Authors: Okotrub A. V. , Gusel'nikov A. V. , Algaer Yu. A. , Kudashov A. G. , Larionov S. V. , Bulusheva L. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAligned multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays were used for deposition of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles from an aqueous solution containing thiourea, CdCl2, and ammonia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that used deposition technique does not destroy vertical orientation of CNTs to silicon substrate. The size of CdS nanoparticles formed on the side surface and ends of CNTs was estimated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to be about 30 nm. It was found that CdS nanoparticles became luminescent during field electron emission from CNTs. Different color of the luminescence image was related to different size of the nanoparticles.magnified imageScheme of appearance of electroluminescence from CdS/CNT hybrids and image of luminous cathode surface.
Modelling of hexagonal honeycombs exhibiting zero Poisson's ratio
Authors: Attard Daphne , Grima Joseph N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA detailed analytical model for novel hexagonal honeycomb structures which are composed of alternate layers of re‐entrant and non re‐entrant features is presented. It is shown that deformation from hinging, flexure and/or stretching of the cell walls can lead to zero Poisson's ratios, a property which is highly desirable in niche applications.
Selecting control factor values in a robust design using a scatter plot
Authors: de León Guillermo , Grima Pere , Tort‐Martorell Xavier 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWhen the results of an experimental design are analyzed, in which control factors and noise factors are involved, it may be difficult to determine the combination of values of the control factors that produce the best behavior of the response, addressing both its level (or distance from the target value) and its variability. This article presents an analysis proposal that is based on the model obtained for the response and uses, as its central element, a scatter plot of its expected value vs its standard deviation. In this plot, each point corresponds to a combination of values of the control factors; thus, it is easy to identify the points with better response behavior. In our opinion, this graph provides significant advantages over the other methods that have been proposed; among them is the fact that it is always a scatter plot, regardless of the number of factors that end up being active, and that it is easy to understand and use, especially with the possibilities offered by the current statistical software packages. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memory‐efficient calculation of the isotopic mass states of a molecule
Authors: Li Long , Karabacak N. Murat , Cobb Jennifer S. , Wang Qi , Hong Pengyu , Agar Jeffrey N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOur previous work postulated a transition concept among different isotopic mass states (i.e., isotopic species) of a molecule, and developed a hierarchical algorithm for accurately calculating their masses and abundances. A theoretical mass spectrum can be generated by convoluting a peak shape function to these discrete mass states. This approach suffers from limited memory if a level in the hierarchical structure has too many mass states. Here we present a memory efficient divide‐and‐recursively‐combine algorithm to do the calculation, which also improves the truncation method used in the previous hierarchical algorithm. Instead of treating all of the elements in a molecule as a whole, the new algorithm first ‘strips’ each element one by one. For the mass states of each element, a hierarchical structure is established and kept in the memory. This process reduces the memory usage by orders of magnitude (e.g., for bovine insulin, memory can be reduced from gigabytes to kilobytes). Next, a recursive algorithm is applied to combine mass states of elements to mass states of the whole molecule. The algorithm described above has been implemented as a computer program called Isotope Calculator, which was written in C++. It is freely available under the GNU Lesser General Public License from http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/∼hong/software.html or http://people.brandeis.edu/∼agar. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.