bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ultrasound guidance with landmark guidance for symptomatic benefits in knee, hip and hand osteoarthritis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Oo Win Min , Linklater James , Siddiq Md Abu Bakar , Fu Kai , Hunter David J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionMore than half of the patients with moderate and severe osteoarthritis (OA) report unsatisfactory pain relief, requiring consideration of intra‐articular (IA) injections as the second‐line management. Ultrasound‐guided IA injection has proven evidence of higher accuracy in administering IA injectates into the joints than landmark‐guided or blind IA injections. However, questions remain about translating higher accuracy rates of ultrasound‐guided injection into better clinical improvements. Therefore, we examined the symptomatic benefits (pain, function and patient satisfaction) of ultrasound‐guided injection in knee, hip and hand OA compared with blind injections by synthesising a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT).MethodsPubMed, Medline and Embase databases were searched for eligible studies from their inception to August 28, 2023.ResultsOut of 295 records, our meta‐analysis included four RCTs (338 patients with knee OA), demonstrating significant improvement in procedural pain [−0.89 (95% CI −1.25, −0.53)], pain at follow‐up [−0.51 (95% CI −0.98, −0.04)] and function [1.30 (95% CI 0.86, 1.73)], favouring ultrasound guidance. One single study showed higher patient satisfaction with ultrasound guidance.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided IA injection provided superior clinical outcomes compared with landmark‐guided IA injection.
Chemical Control of Fluorescence Lifetime towards Multiplexing Imaging
Authors: Ma Junbao , Luo Feng , Hsiung Chia‐Heng , Dai Jianan , Tan Zizhu , Ye Songtao , Ding Lina , Shen Baoxing , Zhang Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFluorescence lifetime imaging has been a powerful tool for biomedical research. Recently, fluorescence lifetime‐based multiplexing imaging has expanded imaging channels by using probes that harbor the same spectral channels and distinct excited state lifetime. While it is desirable to control the excited state lifetime of any given fluorescent probes, the rational control of fluorescence lifetimes remains a challenge. Herein, we chose boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as a model system and provided chemical strategies to regulate the fluorescence lifetime of its derivatives with varying spectral features. We find electronegativity of structural substituents at the 8′ and 5′ positions is important to control the lifetime for the green‐emitting and red‐emitting BODIPY scaffolds. Mechanistically, such influences are exerted via the photo‐induced electron transfer and the intramolecular charge transfer processes for the 8′ and 5′ positions of BODIPY, respectively. Based on these principles, we have generated a group of BODIPY probes that enable imaging experiments to separate multiple targets using fluorescence lifetime as a signal. In addition to BODIPY, we envision modulation of electronegativity of chemical substituents could serve as a feasible strategy to achieve rational control of fluorescence lifetime for a variety of small molecule fluorophores.
Temporal‐Focusing Multiphoton Excitation Single‐Molecule Localization Microscopy Using Spontaneously Blinking Fluorophores
Authors: Lai Jian‐Zong , Lin Chun‐Yu , Chen Shean‐Jen , Cheng Yu‐Min , Abe Manabu , Lin Tzu‐Chau , Chien Fan‐Ching 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSingle‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) based on temporal‐focusing multiphoton excitation (TFMPE) and single‐wavelength excitation is used to visualize the three‐dimensional (3D) distribution of spontaneously blinking fluorophore‐labeled subcellular structures in a thick specimen with a nanoscale‐level spatial resolution. To eliminate the photobleaching effect of unlocalized molecules in out‐of‐focus regions for improving the utilization rate of the photon budget in 3D SMLM imaging, SMLM with single‐wavelength TFMPE achieves wide‐field and axially confined two‐photon excitation (TPE) of spontaneously blinking fluorophores. TPE spectral measurement of blinking fluorophores is then conducted through TFMPE imaging at a tunable excitation wavelength, yielding the optimal TPE wavelength for increasing the number of detected photons from a single blinking event during SMLM. Subsequently, the TPE fluorescence of blinking fluorophores is recorded to obtain a two‐dimensional TFMPE‐SMLM image of the microtubules in cancer cells with a localization precision of 18±6 nm and an overall imaging resolution of approximately 51 nm, which is estimated based on the contribution of Nyquist resolution and localization precision. Combined with astigmatic imaging, the system is capable of 3D TFMPE‐SMLM imaging of brain tissue section of a 5XFAD transgenic mouse with the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease, revealing the distribution of neurotoxic amyloid‐beta peptide deposits.
A Naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide‐Containing Covalent Organic Polymer: Preparation, Single Crystal Structure and Battery Application
Authors: Dong Qiang , Naren Tuoya , Zhang Lei , Jiang Weixuan , Xue Miaomiao , Wang Xiang , Chen Libao , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Qichun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInspired by dative boron‐nitrogen (B←N) bonds proven to be the promising dynamic linkage for the construction of crystalline covalent organic polymers/frameworks (COPs/COFs), we employed 1,4‐bis(benzodioxaborole) benzene (BACT) and N,N′‐Di(4‐pyridyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide (DPNTCDI) as the corresponding building blocks to construct a functional COP (named as CityU‐25), which had been employed as an anode in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. CityU‐25 displayed an excellent reversible lithium storage capability of 455 mAh/g after 170 cycles at 0.1 A/g, and an impressive one of 673 mAh/g after 720 cycles at 0.5 A/g. These findings suggest that CityU‐25 is a standout candidate for advanced battery technologies, highlighting the potential application of this type of materials.
Enhance the fire safety of epoxy resin using ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant with the sandwich structure containing catalytic carbon formation function
Authors: Zheng Penglun , Zhao Haihan , Li Junwei , Liu Quanyi , Yang Xulin , Zhou Yumei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmmonium polyphosphate (APP) is often used to construct intumescent flame retardant systems together, but it is faced with the problem of adding too much flame retardant. This paper envisions the construction of a modified APP flame retardant (TR@ZIFAPP) with a sandwich structure by the method of covering, which, in order to endow APP flame retardant with better flame retardant effect. By constructing a metal catalytic layer and a triazine carbon formation layer, the modified APP flame retardant has both catalytic carbon formation and phosphorus–nitrogen synergistic flame retardant functions. TR@ZIFAPP is expected to be used in flame‐retardant polymer composites with low addition requirements, adding it to epoxy resin (EP) reveals that the TR@ZIFAPP flame retardant could achieve the optimal flame retardant effect when the addition amount was only 3 wt%. The UL‐94 rating reached V‐0 grade, and the two off‐fire auto‐ignition time levels were only 0.7 s. The analysis of its flame retardant mechanism showed that the flame retardant in EP was mainly through the rapid formation of carbon to isolate oxygen and dilute the flammable gas to reach a strong flame retardant effect.
Study of vulcanization characteristic, mechanical, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of silicone rubber, EPDM, and their hybrid clay nanocomposites
Authors: Effati Elham , Shokri Elham , Jalali‐Arani Azam , Heidari Hooshiar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe combination of silicone rubber (SR) and ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) could have an aggregate of their properties. High temperature vulcanized (HTV) is one of the most widely used SR type. This study explores the impact of montmorillonite Cloisite® layered silicate nanoclay on the vulcanization characteristics, mechanical‐dynamical behavior, and thermal properties of the HTV/EPDM blend. For this purpose, varying ratios of the HTV/EPDM compounds were prepared in the range of 100/0, 50/50, and 0/100, with 0, 3, and 5 wt% of Cloisite® using an internal mixer. The X‐ray diffraction results indicate that the mixing time, Cloisite® content and base polymer significantly influence the distance between Cloisite® layers. Cloisite® was found to accelerate the curing system and reduce the difference between minimum and maximum torque. The mechanical analysis of the prepared HTV/EPDM/clay nanocomposites revealed an increase in hardness, tensile strength, and modulus for samples with applied Cloisite® content. The degradation temperature was raised in HTV base samples by the presence of Cloisite®. On the other hand, the degradation temperature was dropped in the EPDM base samples as the amount of Cloisite® increased. In the HTV/EPDM/clay compounds, the degradation temperature was between the degradation temperatures of pure HTV and EPDM rubbers.
Facile fabrication of stain‐resistant poly(lactic acid)/silicone powder fibers: Comprehensive structure characterization and performance evaluation
Authors: Sun Lizhao , Zheng Pengcheng , Guan Xujun , Bai Hongxin , Chen Kang , Yang Juanya , Yu Jinchao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to their eco‐friendly and functional attributes, the development of stain‐resistant poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibers offers a multitude of benefits, including enhanced sustainability, ease of maintenance and expanded application fields. To investigate the feasibility of facile fabrication of stain‐resistant poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibers, hydrophobic PLA fibers were produced using a scalable melt spinning technique employing silicone powder as the hydrophobic functional material. The influence of silicone powder content on the morphology and crystal structure of PLA fibers was investigated using different length scale characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The relationships between the mechanical performance, hydrophobicity, and structure of the PLA fibers were established. The results showed that the synergistic effect of the micro/nanoconvex structure on the fiber surface created by silicon dioxide (SiO2) in silicone powder and the low surface energy of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can considerably improve the hydrophobic functionality of the fibers. Compared with that of PLA fibers, the contact angle of hydrophobic PLA fibers increases from 67.3° to 87.6° with the addition of 3 wt% silicone powder. Furthermore, although silicone powder may accelerate PLA crystallization nucleation, it does not increase the crystallite size. When the silicone powder content is increased to 4 wt%, the mesophase fraction of the hydrophobic PLA fibers increases from 9.3% to 13.7%. This is the primary structural factor that allows the fiber to maintain its good tenacity. The tenacity of these hydrophobic PLA fibers is approximately 4.5 cN/dtex, which has excellent practical value.
Improving microinjection processability of biodegradable elastomer poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) by blending with polycaprolactone and plasticizing with polyethylene glycol
Authors: Liu Xuedi , Zhang Han , Zhang Sen , Jin Hongyan , Zhang Shuya , Wang Dongfang , Jiang Jing , Wang Xiaofeng , Uyama Hiroshi , Li Qian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPoly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) is a biodegradable elastomer, but its applications are limited due to weak mechanical strength and processability. To overcome these limitations, PLCL was modified by incorporating polycaprolactone (PCL) and plasticizing with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for microinjection molding. The molded PLCL/PCL/PEG parts were characterized in terms of thermal properties, rheological properties, and mechanical properties. The results indicate that increasing the PCL content from 20% to 50% effectively enhanced the mechanical properties of the blend. Moreover, the addition of PEG enhanced the processability of the blends in the microinjection molding process with negligible impacts on their mechanical properties. PEG plasticizes the PLCL/PCL blend by reducing the intermolecular interactions of the blend, and the effect is more pronounced with a PEG of lower molecular weight.
Design and development of dithienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole‐isoindigo based conjugated polymers and their hole mobilities
Authors: Shah Krisha , Kapdi Yash G. , Soni Saurabh S. , Zade Sanjio S. , Patel Arun L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstractπ‐Extended dithienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole‐isoindigo‐based conjugated polymers were synthesized and well characterized by using various analysis techniques like infrared (IR), 1H NMR, UV–Visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, cyclic voltammetry analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. The bandgap of synthesized polymers, P‐1, P‐2, and P‐3, were determined to be 1.95, 1.91, and 1.93 eV, respectively. These polymers exhibited robust thermal stability up to 290°C. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels were below −5.0 eV for all polymers, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels ranged from −3.5 to −3.3 eV. The measured space charge limited current hole mobilities for polymers, P‐1, P‐2, and P‐3, were 1.02 ± 0.47 × 10−1, 1.17 ± 0.47 × 10−1, and 2.51 ± 0 0.47 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
Thickness Estimation of the Soil‐Sedimentary Cover Inside Causewayed Enclosures to Locate an Occupation Layer: Map of the Archaeological Potential of the Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure of Le Pontet
Authors: Bruniaux Guillaume , Onfray Marylise , Dandurand Grégory , Lévêque François , Mathé Vivien , Laurent Antoine , Vitté Hélène , Ard Vincent 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe western centre of France is one of the richest regions of Western Europe in terms of causewayed enclosures from the Neolithic period. To date, more than 300 such sites have been identified. Most causewayed enclosures in the region range in size from some hectares to over 10 ha. Exhaustive excavation of such sites is rarely performed because such operations are both financially expensive and time intensive. Completing an exhaustive excavation of these sites is also extremely complicated due to their complexity. Recording the most complete possible site plan is a major challenge for optimizing excavation. Traditionally, aerial photography has been the primary method used for delineating causewayed enclosure plans. A magnetic survey can also provide complementary information. Magnetic imaging reveals both enclosure ditches and internal features (pits, postholes, etc.) quickly and with high spatial resolution. At some sites, occupation layers dating from the time of enclosure may be preserved and contain archaeological artefacts or small features in situ. This article proposes a protocol for locating a Neolithic occupation layer inside a Neolithic causewayed enclosure. To locate the areas where this layer is likely to be present, a map of the archaeological potential of the Le Pontet site was produced based on a thickness map of the soil‐sedimentary cover. This map was created by combining an apparent electrical resistivity map, the results of electrical resistivity tomography, an orthophotograph with contrasting cropmarks and the results of dynamic cone penetration tests. To validate the archaeological potential map, an excavation campaign was conducted in 2020 to investigate several sectors; the aim was to prove the presence of the occupation layer and study the pedo‐sedimentary stratigraphy of the site.
The relationships between motor skills and executive functions in children with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Pan Chien‐Yu , Sung Ming‐Chih , Tsai Chia‐Liang , Chen Fu‐Chen , Chen Yung‐Ju , Chen Chih‐Chia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo date, information on associations between motor skills and executive functions (EF) in autistic children is limited. The purpose of this study was to compare motor skills and EF performance between autistic children and typically developing (TD) children and to examine the relationships between motor skills and EF in these two groups. Forty‐eight autistic children and 48 TD children aged 6 to 12 years were recruited for this study. Motor skills were measured with the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency‐2 (BOT‐2). EF was assessed with the Stroop Color and Word Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), and the Test of Attentional Performance: Go/No‐go test. Independent sample t‐tests were used to compare the BOT‐2 scores and EF measures between autistic children and TD children. Pearson product–moment correlation and regressions were conducted to assess the relationships between the BOT‐2 scores and the EF measures for each group. Results showed that autistic children scored significantly lower than TD children on all four BOT‐2 composite scores and a total motor composite. Autistic children also demonstrated significantly lower levels of performance on all EF measures than TD children. Further, autistic children showed more significant associations between motor skills and EF than TD children, particularly pronounced in the domains of fine manual control and manual coordination to cognitive flexibility, as well as manual coordination and inhibitory control. Continued development of motor skills and EF in autistic children is important. The relationships between motor skills and EF were significant among autistic children, suggesting future research on promoting EF through motor skill interventions in autistic children is required.
Diesel production from lignocellulosic residues: trends, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Infante Edgar Gutiérrez , Gomide Felipe Tadeu Fiorini , Secchi Argimiro Resende , Leite Luiz Fernando , Antunes Adelaide María de Souza , Caranton Alberth Renne Gonzalez 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article aims to review the various techniques used to produce diesel from lignocellulosic biomass. Data were collected using the Web of Science database to identify trends, barriers, and prospects associated with the alternative methods used. The analysis reviewed 359 papers published between 2006 and 2021, focusing on three key areas: biomass pretreatment, biomass conversion, and biorefining. Pretreatment technologies require extensive research to reduce excessive energy and reagent consumption, thereby reducing overall costs. Fast pyrolysis and lipid‐producing microorganisms have been shown to be the most promising conversion routes due to their versatility in utilizing different lignocellulosic residues and producing a wide range of marketable co‐products. The most widely used method used for refining is hydroprocessing coupled with catalysts, with the objective of improving bio‐oil quality. Two of the main challenges are the excessive cost of the overall process and the limitations imposed by the technology. These limitations require processing optimization to achieve sustainable production and valuable co‐products. The growth of lignocellulosic diesel production will depend on the integration with other biodiesel and biofuel production processes by the optimization of new processes and the generation of new bioproducts to increase efficiency and reduce costs for commercial viability.
Distinct brain network organizations between club players and novices under different difficulty levels
Authors: Leong Chantat , Zhao Zhiying , Yuan Zhen , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSignificantChunk memory is one of the essential cognitive functions for high‐expertise (HE) player to make efficient decisions. However, it remains unknown how the neural mechanisms of chunk memory processes mediate or alter chess players’ performance when facing different opponents.AimThis study aimed at inspecting the significant brain networks associated with chunk memory, which would vary between club players and novices.ApproachFunctional networks and topological features of 20 club players (HE) and 20 novice players (LE) were compared at different levels of difficulty by means of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy.ResultsBehavioral performance indicated that the club player group was unaffected by differences in difficulty. Furthermore, the club player group demonstrated functional connectivity among the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the frontopolar cortex, the supramarginal gyrus, and the subcentral gyrus, as well as higher clustering coefficients and lower path lengths in the high‐difficulty task.ConclusionsThe club player group illustrated significant frontal–parietal functional connectivity patterns and topological characteristics, suggesting enhanced chunking processes for improved chess performance.
Do incidental positive emotions induce more optimistic expectations of decision outcomes? An empirical study from the perspective of event‐related potential
Authors: Zhao Ruinan , Zhou Liqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrevious research has found that incidental emotions of different valences (positive/negative/neutral) influence risky decision‐making. However, the mechanism of their influence on psychological expectations of decision outcomes remains unclear.MethodsWe explored the effects of different incidental emotions on the behavioral, psychological, and electrophysiological responses of individuals in risky decision‐making through a money gambling task using a one‐way (emotion type: positive, negative, neutral emotions) between‐subjects experimental design.ResultsIndividuals with positive emotions had significantly greater risk‐seeking rates than those with negative emotions during the decision selection phase (p < .01). In the feedback stage of decision outcomes, individuals showed stronger perceptions of uncertainty in the decision environment under gain and loss feedback compared with neutral feedback, as evidenced by a more positive P2 component (i.e., the second positive component of an event‐related potential). Positive emotions produced greater than expected outcome bias than neutral emotions, as evidenced by a more negative FRN component (i.e., the feedback‐related negativity component).ConclusionOur results suggest that positive emotions increase individuals’ psychological expectations of decision outcomes. This study provides new empirical insights to understand the influence of incidental emotions on risky decision outcome expectations.