bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembinaan Karakter Kreatif Santri Melalui Ekstrakurikuler Keagamaan
Authors: Azhari Restu Audy , Rangkuti Miswar 
Published: February 2025

Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi dalam pembinaan karakter santri saat ini adalah kurangnya keseimbangan antara pengembangan aspek religius dan intelektual. Banyak program pembinaan yang cenderung fokus pada salah satu aspek saja, sehingga karakter kreatif santri tidak berkembang secara holistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak kegiatan ekstrakurikuler keagamaan terhadap pengembangan karakter kreatif santri di pondok pesantren Al-Qomariyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi terhadap santri dan pengurus kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Sedangkan sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder, Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi dalam ekstrakurikuler keagamaan tidak hanya meningkatkan pengetahuan agama, tetapi juga mendorong santri untuk berpikir kritis, berinovasi, dan berkolaborasi. Selain itu, kegiatan ini juga memperkuat nilai-nilai spiritual dan sosial yang menjadi landasan karakter santri. Dengan demikian, ekstrakurikuler keagamaan berperan dalam membentuk karakter kreatif yang seimbang antara aspek religius dan intelektual. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan lebih lanjut dari program ekstrakurikuler untuk meningkatkan karakter kreatif santri.
A pre-post study to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Tutthakadi Malahara in Dushtavrana (Non-healing Ulcer)
Authors: Prakash Laya , Aneesh S , Sreelekha M P 
Published: February 2025

Chronic ulcers or non healing ulcers are defined as ulcers that are unresponsive to initial therapy or that persist despite appropriate care and do not proceed towards healing in a defined time period with an underlying etiology.Major cause for delayed healing of an ulcer is infection by micro-organisms. The flora of non healing ulcers is usually polymicrobial. Bacteria in an infected wound produce inflammatory mediators that delays phases of healing. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance there is wide scope for exploring Ayurvedic formulations which are cost effective with vrana shodhana and ropana property. Aim - To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Tutthakadi malahara in non healing ulcer by assessing the microbial load, discharge type and amount and severity of pain.Materials and methods: the study was a pre and post clinical trial with 26 participants in a single group selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Topical application of Tutthakadi malahara once daily for a period of 28 days followed by assessment of microbial load in pus culture,discharge and pain weekly once were done. Assessment was done on 0th , 7th,14th ,21st and 28th day for subjective parameters (Pain in non-healing ulcer assessed on 0th,7th,14th,21st and 28th day) and objective parameters (Microbial load in pus culture and Discharge type and amount, assessed on 0th,7th,14th,21st and 28th day). Results: Both subjective and objective parameters were statistically significant with P <0.0001.Conclusion: On analysing the results it can be concluded that Tutthakadi malahara can be used effectively in dushtavrana to reduce microbial load, discharge and pain
L’élève-origine dans une recherche en didactique de l’histoire : le cas Louna
Authors: Gomes Lucie 
Published: February 2025

Lors d’une recherche internationale sur le transfert de compétences critiques historiennes à l’étude de l’actualité, le monde de la recherche est confronté à une masse de données recueillies en classe. Cet article vise à expérimenter le concept d’élève-origine utilisé dans la théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique (TACD) pour isoler un cas et l’analyser afin de produire des résultats pertinents pour poursuivre cette recherche. Les productions orales et écrites de l’élève choisie mènent à des modélisations et des schématisations qui remettent en question les dispositifs. Une séquence intéressante a été étudiée pour comprendre ce qui a permis une exploration des possibles par cette élève-origine.
Young Learners and Language Teaching
Authors: Butler Yuko G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

An ever‐increasing number of young learners (YLs, defined as children ages 4–12) are learning additional language(s) (ALs) other than their home language(s) in instructional settings. Efforts to provide high‐quality AL instruction to these learners are complicated by their highly diverse backgrounds, learning environments, and instructional goals and needs. Importantly, YLs are in the midst of cognitive, social, and affective development at the same time as they develop their first language. There is also substantial variability in the manner and speed of such development even among children of any given chronological age. The wealth of research on instructed second language acquisition for adult learners can inform efforts to teach ALs to YLs, but educators must pay special attention to age‐related factors and individual differences. After describing unique age‐related characteristics and diverse needs associated with YLs' AL learning, this entry discusses how such characteristics should be factored in when teachers develop/select tasks and materials, implement instructional strategies, and conduct/interpret assessments directly assisting YLs' learning. The entry also addresses the role of digital technology in YLs' AL learning. Finally, it discusses the relationship between the onset of learning and AL development in instructional settings. Contrary to the common belief that “the earlier the start, the better outcome” in AL learning, empirical research suggests that older starters have advantages in learning efficiency; it is not the age of onset of learning but the
amount
and
quality
of instruction that seem to have greater influences on AL learning in instructional settings.
Lexical Semantics
Authors: Paradis Carita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis entry offers a short description of basic research questions, different theories, and topics in lexical semantic research. At the beginning, it states five fundamental questions that all lexical semantics theories need to attend to in descriptions and explanations of their observations and findings. A brief presentation of past and present theoretical approaches on lexical semantics follows, in the light of their answers to the fundamental questions. The focus in the remaining sections is on central issues in lexical semantics. This account is primarily within the cognitive semantic framework, even though the issues are key in any theory of lexical semantics. The issues concern the relation between words and concepts and lexical semantic relations such as polysemy, synonymy, and antonymy. The entry concludes with some words on the nature of meanings of words in language in use.
Multilingualism in Education in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Feng Anwei , Adamson Bob 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In this entry of the scholarship and practices in multilingualism in education in mainland China since the founding of the PRC, we focus our analysis on policies, models, and challenges that policymakers, researchers, and practitioners have to face in what we call the
period of multilingualism in education
in which multilingualism and multilingual education are most active. This entry suggests that, while the promotion of Mandarin Chinese has remained most consistent for the PRC era and is further intensified in the whole society in recent years, policies and practices concerning minority languages, varieties of Chinese (
Fangyan
), and foreign languages have fluctuated, particularly in education. In the current post‐COVID context where tensions deepen between diversity and uniformity conceptions for language education and for the society at large, how far the pendulum that shows an overall balance of the two in this period is swinging toward the latter remains to be seen.
The Pragmatics of English as a Lingua Franca
Authors: House Juliane 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

English as a lingua franca (ELF) is defined and a comprehensive overview of research into the pragmatics of ELF is given. Early ELF studies often investigated ELF as a learner language, but more recent research takes a broader view by examining the ways that EFL speakers accomplish communication in everyday practices. Three strands of recent research are described: one identifies strategies for negotiation of meaning, the second studies the role of ELF users' multilingual repertoires in communication, and the third documents interactional elements such as
Yeah
and
Yes
. Several suggestions for future research on ELF interactions are also provided.
Impoliteness on Social Media
Authors: Dynel Marta 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This entry aims to chart the landscape of impoliteness research on social media. Impoliteness is conceptualized as a theoretical framework with which to capture discursive aggression. Impoliteness is prevalent across social media, facilitated by their affordances. A number of key issues and notions relevant to pragmatic research on social media impoliteness are addressed: forms of discursive aggression online (notably, hate speech and cyberbullying); emic/etic labeling of aggressive practices (e.g., via metapragmatic comments); appropriation or normalization of aggressive discourse; the contextually driven distinction between genuine aggression/impoliteness and overtly pretended aggression (i.e., mock impoliteness); and the diversity of reactions to impoliteness in public (and thus inherently, multi‐party) communication, which range from offense to humor experience.
Writing and Genre Studies
Authors: Martin J. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis entry offers a reappraisal of the three traditions of genre analysis canonized in Hyon 1996—EAP, New Rhetoric, and the Sydney School. In doing so, it develops a perspective on knowledge structure inspired by the social realist sociology of Bernstein and Maton. This perspective draws attention to the extent to which the three traditions progress (a) by developing every more integrative and general propositions or via the development of a new perspective and a new set of theories and (b) by testing theories against data or by using theory to interpret texts. The entry closes with discussion of some of the implications of these complementarities for teaching/learning practice.
Ideology
Authors: Montgomery D. Philip , Green‐Eneix Curtis , Cinaglia Carlo , De Costa Peter I. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ideologies, as shared beliefs about what is acceptable or valued in a society, are present in various aspects of everyday life, including education, public discourse, and popular culture. Applied linguistics research has increasingly used the concept of ideology to examine the intersection of language and social structures, including the social norms, contested value systems, and imagined representations of the social world, both in concrete practices and as discourses operating more broadly. In this entry, we provide an overview of the concept of ideology in applied linguistics, with a specific focus on language ideologies. After presenting a historical account of the concept of ideology and its interpretations across different academic disciplines, we examine the relationship between ideology, power, and social structures, highlighting how ideologies are (re)produced and enacted through language practices and discourses. We highlight different theoretical tools used to examine ideologies, including indexicality, iconization, fractal recursivity, erasure, chronotope, and ideological becoming. These conceptual tools have proven useful to examine language learning, identity construction, and language policy and help demonstrate the role of language ideologies in mediating second language acquisition, multilingual literacy practices, and the appropriation of school language. Overall, the entry provides a comprehensive overview of the concept of ideology and its relevance to applied linguistics, particularly in relation to language use and social structures.
Altered brain perfusion and oxygen levels relate to sleepiness and attention in post‐COVID syndrome
Authors: Chien Claudia , Heine Josephine , Khalil Ahmed , Schlenker Lars , Hartung Tim J. , Boesl Fabian , Schwichtenberg Katia , Rust Rebekka , Bellmann‐Strobl Judith , Franke Christiana , Paul Friedemann , Finke Carsten 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivePersisting neurological symptoms after COVID‐19 affect up to 10% of patients and can manifest in fatigue and cognitive complaints. Based on recent evidence, we evaluated whether cerebral hemodynamic changes contribute to post‐COVID syndrome (PCS).MethodsUsing resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated brain perfusion and oxygen level estimates in 47 patients (44.4 ± 11.6 years; F:M = 38:9) and 47 individually matched healthy control participants. Group differences were calculated using two‐sample t‐tests. Multivariable linear regression was used for associations of each regional perfusion and oxygen level measure with cognition and sleepiness measures. Exploratory hazard ratios were calculated for each brain metric with clinical measures.ResultsPatients presented with high levels of fatigue (79%) and daytime sleepiness (45%). We found widespread decreased brain oxygen levels, most evident in the white matter (false discovery rate adjusted‐p‐value (p‐FDR) = 0.038) and cortical grey matter (p‐FDR = 0.015). Brain perfusion did not differ between patients and healthy participants. However, delayed patient caudate nucleus perfusion was associated with better executive function (p‐FDR = 0.008). Delayed perfusion in the cortical grey matter and hippocampus were associated with a reduced risk of daytime sleepiness (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.07, p = 0.037 and HR = 0.06, p = 0.034). Decreased putamen oxygen levels were associated with a reduced risk of poor cognitive outcome (HR = 0.22, p = 0.019). Meanwhile, lower thalamic oxygen levels were associated with a higher risk of cognitive fatigue (HR = 6.29, p = 0.017).InterpretationOur findings of lower regional brain blood oxygen levels suggest increased cerebral metabolism in PCS, which potentially holds a compensatory function. These hemodynamic changes were related to symptom severity, possibly representing metabolic adaptations.
Sacrificial NH4HCO3 Inhibits Fluoropolymer/Garnet Interfacial Reactions Toward 1mS cm−1 and 5V‐Level Composite Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Yaping , Yuan Pengcheng , Liu Xiong Xiong , Feng Shengfa , Cao Mufan , Ding Jianxiang , Liu Jiacheng , Kure‐Chu Song‐Zhu , Hihara Takehiko , Pan Long , Sun ZhengMing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractComposite solid electrolytes (CSEs) integrate the fast ion conductivity of inorganic electrolytes and the excellent interfacial compatibility of polymer electrolytes. Typically, fluoropolymers and garnets are promising individuals to formulate cutting‐edge CSEs owing to their unique properties. However, the alkaline garnets can induce the dehydrofluorination of fluoropolymers, deteriorating their CSEs performance. Here, for the first time, NH4HCO3 is proposed as a sacrificial inhibitor to effectively prevent the garnet‐induced dehydrofluorination, using Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVH) as symbolic garnets and fluoropolymers, respectively. Various findings demonstrate that NH4HCO3 can buffer the alkalinity of LLZTO, thereby inhibiting the dehydrofluorination of PVH. In addition, NH4HCO3 can completely decompose to volatiles upon drying without compromising the properties of LLZTO and PVH. Additionally, a polymer‐in‐salt strategy is further introduced by adding high‐concentration LiTFSI salt to the above system, resulting in the PVH/LiTFSI/LLZTO (PLL) CSEs. Benefiting from the synergetic coupling of the sacrificial inhibitor and polymer‐in‐salt strategies, the PLL exhibits an exceptionally high ionic conductivity of 1.2 mS cm−1 at 25 °C and stable voltage of 5.09 V, outperforming other reported CSEs. Consequently, the PLL delivers impressive high‐rate cyclability in solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries with an outstanding capacity retention of 95.4% after 240 cycles at 1 C (25 °C).
Efficient and Stable Air‐Processed Organic Solar Cells Enabled by an Antioxidant Additive
Authors: Luo Siwei , Dou Yunjie , Shi Xiaoyu , Liu Yangyang , Liu Tianxiao , Hu Xiaodong , Li Tongzi , Peng Xiaoxiao , Hu Huawei , Yan He , Chen Shangshang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrent high‐efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs) are generally fabricated in an inert atmosphere that limits their real‐world scalable manufacturing, while the efficiencies of air‐processed OSCs lag far behind. The impacts of ambient factors on solar cell fabrication remain unclear. In this work, the effects of ambient factors on cell fabrication are systematically investigated, and it is unveiled that the oxidation and doping of organic light absorbers are the dominant reasons causing cell degradation when fabricated in air. To address this issue, a new strategy for fabricating high‐performance air‐processed OSCs by introducing an antioxidant additive (4‐bromophenylhydrazine, BPH) into the precursor solutions, is developed. BPH can effectively inhibit oxygen infiltration from the ambient to the photoactive layer and suppress trap formation caused by oxidation. Compared with conventional air‐processed OSCs, this strategy remarkably increases the cell power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 16.7% to 19.3% (independently certified as 19.2%), representing the top value of air‐processed OSCs. Furthermore, BPH significantly improves the operational stability of the cells in air by two times with a T80 lifetime of over 500 h. This study highlights the potential of using antioxidant additives to fabricate high‐efficiency and stable OSCs in air, significantly promoting the industrialization of OSCs.
Mimicking Cacti Spines via Hierarchical Self‐Assembly for Water Collection and Unidirectional Transport
Authors: Weber Melina , Bretschneider Felix , Kreger Klaus , Greiner Andreas , Schmidt Hans‐Werner 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNature utilizes bottom‐up approaches to fabricate defined structures with highly complex, anisotropic and functional features. One prominent example is cacti spines, which exhibit a hierarchically structured conical morphology with a longitudinal microstructured surface. Here, a bottom‐up approach to fabricate supramolecular microstructured spines is presented by applying a self‐assembly protocol. Taking advantage of the capillary forces of vertically aligned polyamide microfibers acts as the structure‐directing substrate for site‐specific self‐assembly of a specific 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxamides from the solution. The morphology of the supramolecular spines covers several hierarchical levels, ultimately resulting in a conical shape with longitudinal self‐assembled microgrooves and a superhydrophilic surface. It is demonstrated that these hierarchical conical microstructures are able to transport water droplets unidirectionally.
Library‐Assisted Evolution in Eukaryotic Cells Yield Adenine Base Editors with Enhanced Editing Specificity
Authors: Hsiao Shenlin , Chen Shuanghong , Jiang Yanhong , Wang Qiudao , Yang Yang , Lai Yongrong , Zhong Tao , Liao Jiaoyang , Wu Yuxuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current‐generation adenine base editor (ABE) ABE8e, which has evolved from the prokaryotic evolution system, exhibits high efficiency in mediating A‐to‐G conversion and is presumed to be promising for gene therapy. However, its much wider editing window and substantially higher off‐target editing activity restricted its applications in precise base editing for therapeutic use. This study uses a library‐assisted protein evolution approach using eukaryotic cells to generate ABE variants with improved specificity and reduced off‐target editing while maintaining high activity in human cells. The study generated an expanded set of ABEs with efficient editing activities and chose four evolved variants that offered either similar or modestly higher efficiency within a narrower editing window of protospacer position ≈4–7 compared to that of ABE8e in human cells, which would enable minimized bystander editing. Moreover, these variants resulted in reduced off‐target editing events when delivered as plasmid or mRNA into human cells. Finally, these variants can install both disease‐suppressing mutations and disease‐correcting mutations efficiently with minimal undesired bystander editing making them promising approaches for specific therapeutic edits. In summary, the work establishes a mutant‐library‐assisted protein evolution method in eukaryotic cells and generates alternative ABE variants as efficient tools for precise human genome editing.
Extracellular Vesicle Preparation and Analysis: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review
Authors: Wang Zesheng , Zhou Xiaoyu , Kong Qinglong , He Huimin , Sun Jiayu , Qiu Wenting , Zhang Liang , Yang Mengsu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, research on Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has gained prominence in the life sciences due to their critical roles in both health and disease states, offering promising applications in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy. However, their inherent heterogeneity and complex origins pose significant challenges to their preparation, analysis, and subsequent clinical application. This review is structured to provide an overview of the biogenesis, composition, and various sources of EVs, thereby laying the groundwork for a detailed discussion of contemporary techniques for their preparation and analysis. Particular focus is given to state‐of‐the‐art technologies that employ both microfluidic and non‐microfluidic platforms for EV processing. Furthermore, this discourse extends into innovative approaches that incorporate artificial intelligence and cutting‐edge electrochemical sensors, with a particular emphasis on single EV analysis. This review proposes current challenges and outlines prospective avenues for future research. The objective is to motivate researchers to innovate and expand methods for the preparation and analysis of EVs, fully unlocking their biomedical potential.
Engineered Antibodies as Cancer Radiotheranostics
Authors: Wei Zhenni , Li Bingyu , Wen Xuejun , Jakobsson Vivianne , Liu Peifei , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRadiotheranostics is a rapidly growing approach in personalized medicine, merging diagnostic imaging and targeted radiotherapy to allow for the precise detection and treatment of diseases, notably cancer. Radiolabeled antibodies have become indispensable tools in the field of cancer theranostics due to their high specificity and affinity for cancer‐associated antigens, which allows for accurate targeting with minimal impact on surrounding healthy tissues, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects, immune‐modulating ability, and versatility and flexibility in engineering and conjugation. However, there are inherent limitations in using antibodies as a platform for radiopharmaceuticals due to their natural activities within the immune system, large size preventing effective tumor penetration, and relatively long half‐life with concerns for prolonged radioactivity exposure. Antibody engineering can solve these challenges while preserving the many advantages of the immunoglobulin framework. In this review, the goal is to give a general overview of antibody engineering and design for tumor radiotheranostics. Particularly, the four ways that antibody engineering is applied to enhance radioimmunoconjugates: pharmacokinetics optimization, site‐specific bioconjugation, modulation of Fc interactions, and bispecific construct creation are discussed. The radionuclide choices for designed antibody radionuclide conjugates and conjugation techniques and future directions for antibody radionuclide conjugate innovation and advancement are also discussed.