bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of individualized weight‐loss programmes on adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels in obese adolescent boys
Authors: Elloumi M , Ben Ounis O , Makni E , Van Praagh E , Tabka Z , Lac G 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim:  We investigate the effects of a 2‐month weight‐loss programme on plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin and resistin in obese adolescent boys.Methods:  Twenty‐one obese adolescent boys (BMI = 30.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2) completed the weight‐loss programme including: 1/ either energy restriction (R), 2/ or individualized exercise training at the point of maximum lipid oxidation (Lipoxmax) (E), 3/ or energy restriction and training (RE). Body composition, lipid oxidation and plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin and resistin were measured before and after intervention.Results:  Following the weight‐loss programme, adolescents of the RE group showed an improvement of their body composition (p < 0.01), an increase in plasma adiponectin (+73.7%, p < 0.01) and a decrease in plasma leptin (−38.8%, p < 0.01) leading to an increase in adiponectine/leptin ratio (ALR, +144.4%, p < 0.01) higher than the R or E groups. E and RE groups only showed a similar significant increase in plasma resistin (p < 0.05) and a significant improvement of lipid oxidation rate at Lipoxmax (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). In addition, in RE group, ALR is correlated with waist/hip and waist/height ratios, resistin level, homoeostasis mode assessment (HOMA‐IR) index and Lipoxmax.Conclusion:  In obese adolescents boys, moderate exercise training completed at Lipoxmax and combined with energy restriction improves their ability to oxidize lipids, which is associated with a normalization of their adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels resulting in an improved insulin sensitivity, as attested by a higher ALR and a lower HOMA‐IR.
Physical activity, sports participation and aerobic fitness in children who have undergone surgery for congenital heart defects
Authors: Arvidsson D , Slinde F , Hulthén L , Sunnegårdh J 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim:  To investigate physical activity, sports participation and aerobic fitness in children who have undergone surgery for congenital heart defects.Subjects and methods:  Children who had undergone surgery for congenital heart defects and healthy controls in the Gothenburg area were invited to participate in the study. All participants were aged 9–11 or 14–16 years. The activity monitor ActiReg was used to assess physical activity. Participants were interviewed about their participation in sports and performed a maximal exercise test on a bicycle with measured oxygen uptake.Results:  A total of 32 and 25 patients, and 61 and 45 controls, in the two age‐groups were included, respectively. The patients had a wide range of severity of congenital heart defects. The physical activity level was similar in the patients and the controls. The rate of sports participation was high for both patients and controls; 80–94% of all participants took part in sports at least once a week. The majority of the patients were considered to have at least a moderate level of aerobic fitness.Conclusions:  Although children who have undergone surgery for congenital heart defects have a similar level of physical activity compared with that of healthy children, some of them may require support to participate in exercise and vigorous physical activity.
A Conservative Treatment for Amelogenesis Imperfecta with Direct Resin Composite Restorations: A Case Report
Authors: SABATINI CAMILA , GUZMÁN‐ARMSTRONG SANDRA 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTRehabilitation of a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) from both the functional and esthetic standpoints represents a challenge. The complexity of the condition requires an interdisciplinary approach for optimal treatment outcomes. A number of treatment options have been proposed. Recently, the use of bonded restorations has gained popularity because of the many benefits associated with these materials; excellent esthetics, conservative approach, and improved wear make their use advantageous. This article describes a direct approach with resin composite restorations for the transitional treatment of an adolescent with hypoplastic AI who had not completed skeletal growth. Protection against further wear, sensitivity, and plaque accumulation while significantly enhancing the patient's esthetic appearance made this case a success. Furthermore, this article describes the use of a “Clear matrix” technique, which considerably helped simplify the placement of the bonded restorations.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis article highlights (1) the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the successful treatment planning of a patient with hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), and (2) the conservativeness and suitability of full coverage direct resin composite restorations for the transitional treatment of AI‐affected teeth on an adolescent patient who has not yet completed skeletal growth.
Correlation between the Individual and the Combined Width of the Six Maxillary Anterior Teeth
Authors: GONÇALVES LUIZ CARLOS , GOMES VANDERLEI LUIZ , DE LIMA LUCAS BARBARA , MONTEIRO SILAS BORGES 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose:  There is a consensus in the community of dental research that the selection of undersized artificial maxillary anterior teeth offers an unnatural appearance to the denture. Several methods to select the adequate width of these teeth are of questionable validity, and many dentures have an obviously artificial appearance. This article assessed the relationship between the individual and the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth.Materials and Methods:  Impressions were made of the anterior dentition of 69 dentate undergraduate students with rubber impression silicon, and casts were formed. The individual widths of the maxillary anterior teeth were measured by using a digital caliper (SC‐6 digital caliper, Mitutoyo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), and the combined width was registered by both adding the individual width and using a flexible millimeter ruler.Results:  Student's t‐test showed significant differences between the analogous teeth and different sides of the maxillary dental arch (p = 0.001), with the exception of the central incisor (p = 0.984). Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient showed significant positive correlation between all the measurements compared (p = 0.000). Linear regression analysis concluded three mathematical equations to obtain the individual tooth width after measuring the combined width of the six maxillary anterior teeth by using a flexible millimeter ruler.Conclusions:  The individual tooth width can be determined if the combined width of the maxillary anterior teeth is obtained by using a flexible millimeter ruler.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe adequate selection of each maxillary anterior tooth width can offer variance and individuality to the denture, particularly for partially dentate patients. By offering an adequate tooth‐to‐tooth relationship, the esthetic result of the oral rehabilitation treatment can be improved.
Original Sin or Original Sinfulness?
Authors: Fitzpatrick Joseph 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the first of four articles, I argue against Augustine's interpretation of Genesis chapter 3 and his account of the origin of the first sin and its consequences. In the remaining three articles, I offer an alternative interpretation of Genesis 3 within the context of Genesis 1–11, attempting to do more justice than Augustine to the data of scripture and, in particular, placing a strong emphasis on the speech of the Lord God at the end of Genesis 3. My argument is supported by reference to Mary Douglas's Purity and Danger. I do not minimise the amount of sin in the world but account for it on the basis of what I call the basic human situation rather than on the basis of a single cataclysmic act. I present my account as grounded in a more accurate understanding of scripture than Augustine's and in a richer and deeper version of salvation history. One conclusion is that the default setting of humanity is not damnation but that Man still stands in need of salvation.
Double Effect
Authors: Wicker Brian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAny killing of the innocent intrinsic to nuclear deterrence strategy (admitted as unavoidable by Michael Quinlan), is often excused as a side effect, not directly intended, of any proposed use of nuclear weapons. As such, he claimed, it can be ‘morally tolerable’. Quite apart from the systematic ambiguity of this phrase, I argue the claim itself is fallacious, depending as it does on the right choice of description of the proposed action. The appropriate description of any action, and hence of any command, to use a nuclear bomb will unavoidably entail intentionally killing innocents along with combatants. I argue thus by analysing the implications of an example of ‘double effect’ suggested by Michael Quinlan himself. If I am right, the injustice of deterrence strategy is stupendous.
Patients’ Sexual Health: A Qualitative Research Approach on Greek Nurses’ Perceptions
Authors: Nakopoulou Evangelia , Papaharitou Stamatis , Hatzichristou Dimitris 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Health care professionals, especially nurses, through their contact with patients, play an important role in encouraging discussions about sexual concerns.

Aim
To explore perceptions on sexual health issues and how these might inhibit or enhance Greek nurses’ ability to incorporate sexual health assessment into everyday practice.

Main Outcome Measures
A discussion guide was used as checklist to ensure that the basic issues would be addressed. Topics related to the areas of interest were either brought up from the participants or introduced by the moderator.

Methods
The study recruited a purposive sample of 44 Greek staff nurses (SN) attending a course leading to their professional upgrading. A qualitative research design was employed using seven focus groups. Discussions started with nurses’ perceived definitions of sexual health and proceeded with open-ended questions. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis based on the principles of grounded theory.

Results
Three central themes were identified from transcripts’ thematic analysis: subjective perception of sexual health, discussing sexual problems, and educational and training needs. Participants’ perceptions of sexual health centred mainly on the emotional and somatic dimensions. Regarding clinical practice, a variety of personal and contextual reasons limit nurses’ willingness to talk about sexuality with patients, such as gender and age differences, familial upbringing, lack of time and privacy, and restricted perception of nursing role. All nurses stressed the need for further specialized training not only in physiology issues related to sexuality, but also most importantly in communication skills.

Conclusions
Although Greek nurses acknowledge the importance of sexual health assessment, they believe that sexual history taking is not within the range of their professional tasks. Since holistic care demands sexual health assessment and intervention to be an integral part of nursing practice, it is necessary to introduce courses in their curriculum and experiential workshops addressing the multidimensionality of sexuality.
Prevalence and Impact of Vaginal Symptoms Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Santoro Nanette , Komi Janne 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is reported by one-quarter to one-half of postmenopausal women.

Aim
We evaluated the prevalence, inconvenience of, and issues surrounding hormone use for VVA symptoms in women who were current, past, and never users of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), along with the relationship of sexual activity to VVA symptoms.

Methods
An online survey was sent to 3,471 women ≥45 years old participating in a panel of approximately 43,000 U.S. adults maintained by Knowledge Networks. Respondents were stratified by MHT use (current, past, and never) and sexual activity (sexually active and not sexually active). Final respondent data underwent a poststratification process and Chi-square analysis of hormone use and VVA by sexual activity.

Main Outcome Measures
Percent, calculated as the ratio of response over total responding for each survey question for all and stratified respondents.

Results
Forty-five percent (1,038/2,290) of respondents (age range 45–89 years; mean 60.7 years) were postmenopausal and currently or previously experienced VVA. Approximately 60% of past or never users of MHT reported vaginal symptoms; &gt;90% found them bothersome. In comparison, 82% of current users reported VVA symptoms prior to use. 85% of all respondents were aware of safety issues associated with MHT. The prevalence and perceived severity of VVA symptoms were substantial but less frequent in nonsexually active women. Analysis of MHT use by past or current hormone use indicated a trend away from oral dosing and towards patch or vaginal hormones.

Conclusions
Postmenopausal women have a high rate of VVA symptoms. Those who use MHT do so for multiple reasons—hot flashes, VVA, bone protection, dyspareunia—and most have concerns about long-term safety, despite the fact that the majority of MHT use was for &gt;5 years. Safety concerns and lack of physician recommendation were major reasons for not using or discontinuing MHT.
Physical Activity Pattern of Prepubescent Filipino School Children During School Days
Authors: Gonzalez‐Suarez Consuelo B. , Grimmer‐Somers Karen 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTBackground:  Little is known about pre‐pubescent Filipino children’s involvement in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). There are international guidelines regarding required levels of MVPA for healthy children.Methods:  This study describes participation of 11‐ to 12‐year‐olds in randomly selected public and private schools in San Juan, Metromanila, in MVPA and sports during a school day. The Filipino‐modified Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (F_PAQ_C) was administered in English and Filipino. Additional data was collected on sex, age, type of school, and amount of time spent using television and computers. Children’s self‐assessment of physical activities (1 question in the F_PAQ_C) was correlated with their cumulative F_PAQ_C score.Results:  Three hundred eighty subjects (167 boys, 213 girls) participated. Participation in MVPA varied between sex and age groups, from 56.1% to 65.0%. Fewer than 10% of participants were very active. The children were more active during physical education classes than at recess or lunch, after class, or in the evening. Walking for exercise, jumping, jogging and running, free play, and dance were most common. Boys, younger children, and private school students most commonly engaged in MVPA. Self‐assessed physical activity had modest correlation (r2= 0.21) with cumulative F_PAQ_C score, after adjusting for sex, age, and school type.Conclusion:  Most children were not physically active during the school day, except in physical education classes. To reduce the gap between recommended and current activity levels, more opportunities should be provided for preteen Filipino children to engage in MVPA during and after school.
School Disconnectedness: Identifying Adolescents at Risk in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Faulkner Guy E. J. , Adlaf Edward M. , Irving Hyacinth M. , Allison Kenneth R. , Dwyer John 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTBackground:  There is strong theoretical and empirical support for school connectedness as an important element of healthy youth development. The primary objective of this study was to replicate previous research identifying factors differentiating youth who do not feel connected to their schools in a sample of adolescents in Ontario, Canada. A secondary objective was to extend this work by assessing whether physical activity was an additional health behavior that differentiated youth who feel connected to their schools from those who do not.Methods:  Data for this study were based on questionnaires from 2243 grade 7 to grade 12 students derived from the 2001 cycle of the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between physical activity, other health risk factors, and school disconnectedness.Results:  The odds of feeling disconnected from their schools were substantially greater for female students who perceived their health or academic performance to be poor, engaged in no vigorous physical activity, reported 3 or more physician visits during the past year, and had low extracurricular involvement. None of the sociodemographic factors or substance use measures was significantly associated with school disconnectedness for any students.Conclusions:  Our results highlight sex differences in how school disconnectedness is related to health‐compromising behaviors such as physical inactivity. Further research is required to examine how boys and girls perceive, interpret, and internalize the school climate. Increasing school connectedness should be a consideration for academic administrators and health‐promotion advocates.
Implementation of a Walking School Bus: Lessons Learned*
Authors: Kong Alberta S. , Sussman Andrew L. , Negrete Sylvia , Patterson Nissa , Mittleman Rachel , Hough Richard 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTBackground:  Obesity is rapidly becoming the most common chronic medical condition affecting children. To address this crisis, an Albuquerque, New Mexico, elementary school partnered with University of New Mexico researchers and conducted a Walking School Bus (WSB). The purpose of this article is to examine the feasibility of implementing a WSB.Methods:  This pilot study featured 2 WSBs conducted for 10 weeks with kindergarten through fifth‐grade students from a predominantly Hispanic elementary school. Qualitative and quantitative data, including coordinator field notes, attendance records, surveys of student and parent satisfaction, and a focus group, were used to evaluate feasibility.Results:  Student and adult participants expressed a high degree of enthusiasm regarding their involvement in the WSB. Participants uniformly indicated that the WSB provided a supportive and safe environment to promote social interaction and physical activity. Conducting a WSB in an urban, underserved school district is feasible but requires attention to ensure participants’ involvement and safety. In particular, it is recommended to begin the planning process early to enhance investment from key stakeholders.Conclusion:  Effective, low‐cost interventions are increasingly desired as solutions to the problem of obesity. The WSB has emerged as a promising strategy to address obesity and encourage partnerships across different social levels. Further research is necessary to assess the logistical challenges associated with conducting a large‐scale WSB trial and whether such efforts lead to reductions in obesity risk factors.
SCHIP Directors’ Perception of Schools Assisting Students in Obtaining Public Health Insurance
Authors: Price James H. , Rickard Megan 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTBackground:  Health insurance coverage increases access to health care. There has been an erosion of employer‐based health insurance and a concomitant rise in children covered by public health insurance programs, yet more than 8 million children are still without health insurance coverage.Methods:  This study was a national survey to assess the perceptions of State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) directors (N = 51) regarding schools assisting students in obtaining public health insurance. This study examined the perceived benefits of and barriers to working with school systems and the perceived benefits to schools in assisting students to enroll in SCHIPs and what SCHIP activities were actually being conducted with school systems.Results:  The majority (78%) of SCHIPs had been working with school systems for more than a year. Perceived benefits of working with schools were greater access to SCHIP‐eligible children (75%), assistance with meeting mandates to cover all SCHIP‐eligible children (65%), and greater ability of state agencies to identify SCHIP‐eligible children (58%). A majority of the directors did not identify any of the potential barrier items. The directors cited the following benefits to schools in helping enroll students in public health insurance programs: reduces the number of students with untreated health problems (80%), reduces student absenteeism rates (68%), improves student attention and concentration during school (58%), and reduces the number of students being held back in school because of health problems (53%).Discussion:  The perceived benefits derived from schools assisting in enrolling eligible students into SCHIPs are congruent with the mission of schools. Schools need to become proactive in helping to establish a healthy student body, which is more likely to be an academically successful body.
Evaluation of small‐bore wire‐guided chest drains for management of pleural space disease
Authors: Valtolina C. , Adamantos S. 
Published: June 2009

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and practicality of a small‐bore wire‐guided chest drain for management of pleural space disease in dogs and cats. Materialsand Methods: A 14 gauge chest drain was placed using a modified Seldinger technique in animals requiring ongoing management of pleural space disease. A questionnaire was used immediately after placement to collect data regarding the ease of placement, reliability and function of the drain. Results: Twenty animals were enrolled in which 29 drains were placed. The most common pleural space disease encountered was pyothorax (10 of 20). Sixteen animals required sedation for placement, and 25 of 29 chest drains were inserted at the first attempt. Most drains were placed in less than 10 minutes. The median length of time of catheter use was three days. Few complications were noted during the insertion and throughout the use of the drains. Clinicians rated drain placement as “easy” in 27 of 29 times and the drain function as “good” in 24 of 29 times. Clinical Significance: Small‐bore wire‐guided chest drains are an effective alternative to larger gauge drains. Only minor complications were seen during insertion of the chest drains, and their performance was deemed satisfactory in most cases.
Assessment of companion animal quality of life in veterinary practice and research
Authors: Yeates J. , Main D. 
Published: June 2009

Objectives: Quality‐of‐life (QOL) assessment is a novel field in veterinary medicine. It shares similarities with the more established fields of human QOL assessment and animal welfare science and could prove similarly useful. Methods: This paper draws on existing literature on human QOL assessment, animal welfare, philosophy and animal QOL assessment. Results: It provides practical recommendations for QOL assessment in veterinary practice and in veterinary research on what should be assessed, how it should be assessed and who should assess it. Clinical Significance: These should assist veterinarians intending to develop their use QOL assessment.