bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Bahretalbrücke – eine Verbundbrücke mit Vollfertigteilen
Authors: Jung Rolf , Heymel Ulrich , Reintjes Karl‐Heinz , Schreiber Oliver 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDer Einsatz von Vollfertigteilen im Stahlverbundbrückenbau hat bisher in Deutschland wenig Anwendung gefunden. Im internationalen Großbrückenbau, insbesondere auch beim Bau von Schrägseilbrücken, ist die Herstellung der Fahrbahnplatte von Stahlverbundbrücken mit Vollfertigteilen eine häufig ausgeführte Variante. Am Beispiel der Bahretalbrücke im Zuge der Staatsstraße S 107n sollen die Vorteile dieser Bauweise beschrieben und einige Hinweise zur konstruktiven Ausbildung dargestellt werden.Application of prefabricated sections for composite bridges shown on the example of Bahretal Bridge.The application of the prefabricated sections in composite constructions has not been often used in Germany. In the international bridge building especially in building of cable stayed bridges prefabricated sections in the assembly of the deck are often used. The advantages of using this method and some details of the construction will be shown on the example of the Bahretal Bridge.
WM 2010: Stadiondach für die “Windy City” Port Elizabeth
Authors: Göppert Knut , Haspel Lorenz 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBegeistert haben wir die Herausforderung angenommen, das Stadiondach für das neue Nelson‐Mandela‐Bay‐Stadion in Port Elizabeth zu planen. Wir haben es als Ehre empfunden, einen Beitrag zur Baukultur in Südafrika zu leisten. Der Entwurf eines markanten, als zukünftiges Wahrzeichen der Stadt tauglichen Daches und die Umsetzung in ein konstruktiv sinnfälliges und effizientes Tragwerk werden im Folgenden näher beschrieben. Häufige Winde in der “windy city” und extrem korrosives Klima sind Teil der Randbedingungen, auf die vom Entwurf über die Planung bis zur Fertigstellung individuell eingegangen werden musste.WM 2010: Roofing the stadium of the “windy city” Port Elizabeth.Designing the roof of the new Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Port Elizabeth and thus contributing to the South African building culture is challenge and honor at the same time. The following article covers the design of the roof shape as a signature landmark and its implementation in an economic and structurally meaningful solution. Frequent wind in the “windy city” and an extreme corrosive environment are part of the boundary conditions that required individual solutions from initial design until final completion.
Ascot Racecourse – Stahl‐Kunststoff‐Sandwich für die Tribüne des neuen Grandstand
Authors: Stihl Thomas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDie erste kommerzielle Tribünenanwendung mit dem Sandwich‐Plate‐System (SPS) – einem Stahl‐Kunststoff‐Sandwich‐System – konnte durchgeführt werden, weil besondere Umstände an dem gerade fertiggestellten Tribünengebäude der Pferderennbahn in Ascot [1] eine zusätzliche dringliche Anpassung erforderten.Ascot Racecourse – Steel‐plastic sandwich for the terrace of the new Grandstand.The first commercial application of the sandwich‐plate‐system (SPS) – a steel‐plastic sandwich system – could be carried out because special circumstances at the just completed building of the Grandstand at Ascot Racecourse [1] required additional urgent adjustments.
Seismic performance of friction dampers using flexure of rc shear wall system
Authors: Chung Hee‐San , Moon Byoung‐Wook , Lee Sung‐Kyung , Park Ji‐Hun , Min Kyung‐Won 
Published: June 2009

AbstractShear wall systems in high‐rise apartments are governed by the flexural behaviour of members such as a cantilever beam. The installation of the damper‐brace system in a structure governed by flexural behaviour is not suitable. Because of the relatively high lateral stiffness of the shear wall, a load is not concentrated on the brace and the brace cannot perform the role of a damping device. In this paper, a friction damper that applies the flexibility of a shear wall is proposed in order to reduce the deformation of the structure. To evaluate the performance of the proposed friction damper, a nonlinear time history analysis is executed by the SeismoStruct analysis program, and a multiple vertical linear element model is used for simulating flexural behaviour of the shear wall. It is found that the control performance of the proposed friction damper is superior to that of a coupled wall with a rigid beam. In conclusion, this study verified that the optimal control performance of the proposed friction damper is equal to 45% of the maximum shear force induced in the middle floor beam with the rigid beam. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How should the psychological well‐being of zoo elephants be objectively investigated?
Authors: Mason Georgia J. , Veasey Jake S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAnimal welfare (sometimes termed “well‐being”) is about feelings – states such as “suffering” or “contentment” that we can infer but cannot measure directly. Welfare indices have been developed from two main sources: studies of suffering humans, and of research animals deliberately subjected to challenges known to affect emotional state. We briefly review the resulting indices here, and discuss how well they are understood for elephants, since objective welfare assessment should play a central role in evidence‐based elephant management. We cover behavioral and cognitive responses (approach/avoidance; intention, redirected and displacement activities; vigilance/startle; warning signals; cognitive biases, apathy and depression‐like changes; stereotypic behavior); physiological responses (sympathetic responses; corticosteroid output – often assayed non‐invasively via urine, feces or even hair; other aspects of HPA function, e.g. adrenal hypertrophy); and the potential negative effects of prolonged stress on reproduction (e.g. reduced gametogenesis; low libido; elevated still‐birth rates; poor maternal care) and health (e.g. poor wound‐healing; enhanced disease rates; shortened lifespans). The best validated, most used welfare indices for elephants are corticosteroid outputs and stereotypic behavior. Indices suggested as valid, partially validated, and/or validated but not yet applied within zoos include: measures of preference/avoidance; displacement movements; vocal/postural signals of affective (emotional) state; startle/vigilance; apathy; salivary and urinary epinephrine; female acyclity; infant mortality rates; skin/foot infections; cardio‐vascular disease; and premature adult death. Potentially useful indices that have not yet attracted any validation work in elephants include: operant responding and place preference tests; intention and vacuum movements; fear/stress pheromone release; cognitive biases; heart rate, pupil dilation and blood pressure; corticosteroid assay from hair, especially tail‐hairs (to access endocrine events up to a year ago); adrenal hypertrophy; male infertility; prolactinemia; and immunological changes. Zoo Biol 29:237–255, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Value of MELD and MELD‐Based Indices in Surgical Risk Evaluation of Cirrhotic Patients: Retrospective Analysis of 190 Cases
Authors: Costa Beatriz P. , Castro Sousa F. , Serôdio Marco , Carvalho César 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have suggested that the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) may represent a promising alternative to the Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh classification as a predictive factor of operative mortality and morbidity. This study was designed to evaluate the value of MELD and four MELD‐based indices (iMELD: integrated MELD; MESO: MELD to sodium ratio; MELD‐Na: MELD with incorporation of sodium; MELD‐XI: MELD excluding the International Normalized Ratio) in the quantification of surgical risk for patients with cirrhosis and compare its prognostic value with the Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh classification and two derived scores (proposed by Huo and Giannini, respectively).MethodsA retrospective study of 190 patients with cirrhosis, operated on in our department between 1993 and 2008, was undertaken.ResultsForty‐three percent of patients were included in Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh A class, and their mean MELD score was 12.2 ± 4.9 (range, 6.4–35.2). Mortality and morbidity rates were 13% and 24%, respectively. In global analysis of mortality, MELD‐based indices presented an acceptable prognostic performance (auROC = 71–77%), similar to the three analyzed Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh‐derived scores. iMELD demonstrated the highest prognostic capacity (auROC = 77%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 66–88; p = 0.0001); operative death probability was 4% (95% CI, 3.6–4.4) when the score was inferior to 35, 16.1% (95% CI, 14.4–17.9) between 35 and 45, and 50.1% (95% CI, 42.2–58.1) when superior to 45. In elective surgical procedures, iMELD represented a useful prognostic factor of operative mortality (auROC = 80%; 95% CI, 63–97; p = 0.044) with significant correlation and better accuracy then MELD and Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh‐derived indices.ConclusionsIn this study, iMELD was a useful predictive parameter of operative mortality for patients with cirrhosis submitted to elective procedures. Further studies are necessary to define the relevance of MELD‐based indices in the individual surgical risk evaluation.
Blood phenylalanine concentrations in patients with PAH‐deficient hyperphenylalaninaemia off diet without and with three different single oral doses of tetrahydrobiopterin: Assessing responsiveness in a model of statistical process control
Authors: Lindner M. , Gramer G. , Garbade S. F. , Burgard P. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryTetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor loading is a standard procedure to differentiate defects of BH4 metabolism from phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency. BH4 responsiveness also exists in PAH‐deficient patients with high residual PAH activity. Unexpectedly, single cases with presumed nil residual PAH activity have been reported to be BH4 responsive, too. BH4 responsiveness has been defined either by a ≥30% reduction of blood Phe concentration after a single BH4 dose or by a decline greater than the individual circadian Phe level variation. Since both methods have methodological disadvantages, we present a model of statistical process control (SPC) to assess BH4 responsiveness. Phe levels in 17 adult PKU patients of three phenotypic groups off diet were compared without and with three different single oral dosages of BH4 applied in a double‐blind randomized cross‐over design. Results are compared for ≥30% reduction and SPC. The effect of BH4 by ≥30% reduction was significant for groups (p < 0.01) but not for dose (p = 0.064), with no interaction of group with dose (p = 0.24). SPC revealed significant effects for group (p < 0.01) and the interaction for group with dose (p < 0.05) but not for dose alone (p = 0.87). After one or more loadings, seven patients would be judged to be BH4 responsive either by the 30% criterion or by the SPC model, but only three by both. Results for patients with identical PAH genotype were not very consistent within (for different BH4 doses) and between the two models. We conclude that a comparison of protein loadings without and with BH4 combined with a standardized procedure for data analysis and decision would increase the reliability of diagnostic results.
Factors affecting leaf morphology: a case study of Ranunculusnatans C. A. Mey. (Ranunculaceae) in the arid zone of northwest China
Authors: Li Zhongqiang , Yu Dan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn order to examine the role of environmental factors affecting foliar morphology, we performed a case study of leaf morphological variation of Ranunculusnatans found in the arid zone of northwest China. We found that foliar phenotypic variation differed significantly between populations. We described substantial positive correlations between altitude and leaf area (LA) as well as leaf perimeter (LP), and also between longitude and number of teeth, along with dissection index (DI). The pH, conductivity, and salinity of the environment caused a significant decrease in both LA and LP. Ranked in terms of their impacts on leaf morphology, the six selected factors were: altitude > pH > conductivity > salinity > longitude > latitude. We found that foliar morphological variations are functional responses to water‐quantity factors (e.g., altitude and longitude at regional scales) and water‐availability relation factors (e.g., pH, conductivity, and salinity at local scales), rather than to temperature‐relation factors (latitude). Therefore, altitude and longitude, along with pH, conductivity, and salinity, are the main factors that significantly influence foliar morphology in the arid zone of China. We found that main factors played major roles in plant phenotypic plasticity in a complex ecosystem, although different combinations and interactions of environmental and geographical factors in each local environment may obscure the general trends in trait changes along environmental gradients.
Occurrence and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species in three types of grassland community of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Gai J. P. , Christie P. , Cai X. B. , Fan J. Q. , Zhang J. L. , Feng G. , Li X. L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spore communities and distribution patterns were surveyed in montane scrub grassland, alpine steppe, and alpine meadow sites at altitudes ranging from 3,500 to 5,200 m a.s.l. on the Tibetan Plateau. Thirty‐two representative soil samples were collected from the root zone of the dominant and common plant species in late May 2004. Twenty‐three AM fungal species representing six genera (Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Glomus, Pacispora, Paraglomus, and Scutellospora) were detected and species richness varied from 5.3 ± 0.8 to 10.5 ± 2.5 per site. Some AM fungal species were restricted to one vegetation type and Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, and Scutellospora calospora were detected in all three vegetation types. Glomus species were found to be the most frequent and abundant in all three vegetation types. Acaulospora occurred mostly in the alpine steppe and alpine meadow. Scutellospora occurred mostly in montane scrub grassland. At the species level, Glomus mosseae was dominant in the montane scrub, Acaulospora laevis and Pacispora scintillans were dominant in the alpine steppe, and Acaulospora laevis, Pacispora scintillans, and Glomus claroideum dominated the alpine meadow. It was evident from the distribution pattern of AM fungi in the different vegetation types that the abundance and diversity of AM fungal species were lowest in the montane scrub grassland than the other two plant communities. Climatic conditions, especially temperatures, and intensity of land use may be the most important factors influencing the AM fungal community.
Fine Mapping of HWC2, a Complementary Hybrid Weakness Gene, and Haplotype Analysis Around the Locus in Rice
Authors: Kuboyama Tsutomu , Saito Toshiya , Matsumoto Takashi , Wu Jianzhong , Kanamori Hiroyuki , Taura Satoru , Sato Muneharu , Marubashi Wataru , Ichitani Katsuyuki 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Hybrid weakness is a reproductive barrier. In rice, the hybrid weakness caused by two complementary genes––HWC1 and HWC2––has been surveyed extensively. However, their gene products and the molecular mechanism that causes hybrid weakness have remained unknown. We first performed fine mapping of HWC2, narrowing down the area of interest to 19 kb. We thereby identified five candidate genes. Second, we performed haplotype analysis around the HWC2 locus of 33 cultivars. With 15 DNA markers examined, all the 13 Hwc2-1 carriers share the same haplotype for consecutive 14 DNA markers. As for hwc2-2 carriers, five out of 20 have the haplotypes relatively similar to those of Hwc2-1 carriers. However, the other haplotypes differ remarkably from them. These results are useful to identify the HWC2 gene and to study rice varietal differentiation.
Fatty acid composition of lipids in day 7–13 blastocysts, serum and uterine fluid of rabbits
Authors: Tsujii Hirotada , Matsuoka Y. , Obata R. , Hossain M. S. , Takagi Y. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeThe fatty acid composition of rabbit blastocysts, blood serum and uterine fluids were analyzed to study embryonic lipid metabolism.MethodsEmbryos were collected from Japanese white rabbits and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatograph.ResultsTotal amount of fatty acids in blastocysts was higher than that in serum and uterine fluid. The amount of fatty acids in blastocysts markedly decreased during days 7–13 of pregnancy, and in serum had hovered, but in uterine fluid on day 13 was nine times higher than that on day 7 of pregnancy. Palmitic acid predominates in blastocysts, serum and uterine fluid during this period.ConclusionPalmitic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in the blastocysts, serum and uterine fluids of rabbit during days 7–13 of pregnancy.
Efficiency of monolaurin in mitigating ruminal methanogenesis and modifying C-isotope fractionation when incubating diets composed of either C3or C4plants in a rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) system
Authors: Klevenhusen Fenja , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Hofstetter Thomas B. , Bolotin Jakov , Kunz Carmen , Soliva Carla R. 
Published: June 2009

Mitigation of methanogenesis in ruminants has been an important goal for several decades. Free lauric acid, known to suppress ruminal methanogenesis, has a low palatability; therefore, in the present study the aim was to evaluate the mitigation efficacy of its esterified form (monolaurin). Further,13C-isotope abundance (δ13C) and13C–12C fractionation during methanogenesis and fermentation were determined to evaluate possible microbial C-isotope preferences. Using the rumen simulation technique, four basal diets, characterised either by the C3plants grass (hay) and wheat (straw and grain), or the C4plant (13C excess compared with C3plants) maize (straw and grain), and a mixture of the latter two, were incubated with and without monolaurin (50 g/kg dietary DM). Added to hay, monolaurin did not significantly affect methanogenesis. When added to the other diets (P < 0·05 for the wheat-based diet) methane formation was lowered. Monolaurin decreased fibre disappearance (least effect with the hay diet), acetate:propionate ratio, and protozoal counts. Feed residues and SCFA showed the same δ13C as the diets. Methane was depleted in13C while CO2was enriched in13C compared with the diets. Monolaurin addition resulted in13C depletion of CO2and enrichment in CH4(the latter only in the hay diet). In conclusion, monolaurin proved to effectively decrease methanogenesis in the straw–grain diets although this effect might partly be explained by the concomitantly reduced fibre disappearance. The influence on13C-isotope abundance and fractionation supports the hypothesis that ruminal microbes seem to differentiate to some extent between C-isotopes during methanogenesis and fermentation.
Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles can predict acute non-fatal myocardial infarction
Authors: Park Yongsoon , Lim Jeehyun , Lee Jaeung , Kim Soon-gil 
Published: June 2009

The risk of CHD has been linked to n-3 and trans-fatty acids. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hypothesis that lower n-3 fatty acids and higher trans-fatty acids in erythrocytes are associated with an increased risk of acute non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and that fatty acid profiles can discriminate MI cases from controls. Fifty cases with acute non-fatal MI and fifty age- and sex-matched controls without MI were recruited. The Omega-3 Index (the sum of EPA and DHA in erythrocytes) was significantly lower in cases than controls (9·57 (sem 0·28) v. 11·81 (sem 0·35) %; P < 0·001), while total trans-fatty acids were significantly higher (1·01 (sem 0·04) v. 0·56 (sem 0·03) %; P < 0·001). The Omega-3 Index was associated with decreased risk of MI (OR 0·08 (95 % CI 0·02, 0·38); P = 0·001), while total trans-fatty acids were associated with an increased risk of MI (OR 72·67 (95 % CI 6·68, 790·74); P < 0·001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of fatty acid profiles was larger than that for traditional risk factors, suggesting that fatty acid profiles make a higher contribution to the discrimination of MI cases from controls compared with modified Framingham risk factors. In conclusion, a higher Omega-3 Index and lower trans-fatty acids in erythrocytes are associated with a decreased risk of MI. Furthermore, fatty acid profiles improve discrimination of acute non-fatal MI compared with established risk factors.
A method for stereo-vision-based tracking for robotic applications
Authors: Pathirana Pubudu N. , Bishop Adrian N. , Savkin Andrey V. , Ekanayake Samitha W. , Black Timothy J. 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYVision-based tracking of an object using perspective projection inherently results in non-linear measurement equations in the Cartesian coordinates. The underlying object kinematics can be modelled by a linear system. In this paper we introduce a measurement conversion technique that analytically transforms the non-linear measurement equations obtained from a stereo-vision system into a system of linear measurement equations. We then design a robust linear filter around the converted measurement system. The state estimation error of the proposed filter is bounded and we provide a rigorous theoretical analysis of this result. The performance of the robust filter developed in this paper is demonstrated via computer simulation and via practical experimentation using a robotic manipulator as a target. The proposed filter is shown to outperform the extended Kalman filter (EKF).
Parameterised notions of computation
Authors: ATKEY ROBERT 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMoggi's Computational Monads and Poweret al.'s equivalent notion of Freyd category have captured a large range of computational effects present in programming languages. Examples include non-termination, non-determinism, exceptions, continuations, side effects and input/output. We present generalisations of both computational monads and Freyd categories, which we callparameterisedmonads andparameterisedFreyd categories, that also capture computational effects with parameters. Examples of such are composable continuations, side effects where the type of the state varies and input/output where the range of inputs and outputs varies. By considering structured parameterisation also, we extend the range of effects to cover separated side effects and multiple independent streams of I/O. We also present two typed λ-calculi that soundly and completely model our categorical definitions – with and without symmetric monoidal parameterisation – and act as prototypical languages with parameterised effects.
The essence of the Iterator pattern
Authors: GIBBONS JEREMY , OLIVEIRA BRUNO C. d. S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Iterator pattern gives a clean interface for element-by-element access to a collection, independent of the collection's shape. Imperative iterations using the pattern have two simultaneous aspects: mapping and accumulating. Various existing functional models of iteration capture one or other of these aspects, but not both simultaneously. We argue that C. McBride and R. Paterson's applicative functors (Applicative programming with effects, J. Funct. Program., 18 (1): 1–13, 2008), and in particular the corresponding traverse operator, do exactly this, and therefore capture the essence of the Iterator pattern. Moreover, they do so in a way that nicely supports modular programming. We present some axioms for traversal, discuss modularity concerns and illustrate with a simple example, the wordcount problem.