bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy education faces challenges in Pakistan
Authors: Memon Ismail K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAnatomy education in Pakistan is facing many of the same challenges as in other parts of the world. Roughly, a decade ago, all medical and dental colleges in Pakistan emphasized anatomy as a core basic discipline within a traditional medical science curriculum. Now institutions are adopting problem based learning (PBL) teaching philosophies, and since medical colleges in Pakistan first introduced PBL curricula that expose the basic sciences primarily in clinical contexts, the methods and extent of anatomy teaching have been topics of much debate. Many claim that PBL curricula dilute basic science education, especially anatomy. At the same time, classically trained faculty members with PhD in anatomy have become nearly extinct in Pakistan, with only four working in country. A third challenge currently facing anatomy education in Pakistan, as in many parts of the world, is an unavailability of cadavers for dissection. As more institutions adopt PBL curricula, as PhD anatomists are harder to find, and as cadavers for dissection become scarce, Pakistan and other countries around the world will have to seriously consider how they will sustain adequate anatomy education. Anat Sci Educ 2:193–194, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
CT demonstration of caput medusae
Authors: Weber Edward C. , Vilensky Joel A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMaximum intensity and volume rendered CT displays of caput medusae are provided to demonstrate both the anatomy and physiology of this portosystemic shunt associated with portal hypertension. Anat Sci Educ 2:184–185, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Perturbation of the tris(2,2′‐bipyridine) ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed Belousov–Zhabotinsky oscillating chemiluminescence reaction by l‐cysteine and its application
Authors: Liu Huimin , Han Heyou 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPerturbation of the tris(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)32+]‐catalyzed Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillating chemiluminescence (CL) reaction induced by l‐cysteine was observed in the closed system. It was found that the CL intensity was decreased in the presence of l‐cysteine. Meanwhile, oscillation period and oscillating induction period were prolonged. The sufficient reproducible induction period was used as parameter for the analytical application of oscillating CL reaction. Under the optimum conditions, the changes in the oscillating CL induction period were linearly proportional to the concentration of l‐cysteine in the range from 8.0 × 10−7 to 5.0 × 10−5 mol L−1 (r = 0.997) with a detection limit of 4.3 × 10−7 mol L−1. The possible mechanism of l‐cysteine perturbation on the oscillating CL reaction was also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical ascorbic acid sensor based on the fluorescence quenching of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Park Hyun Woo , Alam Seikh Mafiz , Lee Sang Hak , Karim Mohammad Mainul , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Kang Meea , Choi Jong Ha 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA sensitive and selective fluorimetric sensor for the assay of ascorbic acid (AA) using silver nanoparticles as emission reagent was investigated. In this study, silver nanoparticles were prepared based on aqueous–gaseous phase reaction of silver nitrate solution and ammonia gas. The nanoparticles were water‐soluble, stable and had a narrow emission band. They were used as a fluorescence probe for the assay of ascorbic acid on its quenching effect on the emission of silver nanoparticles. The principal reason for quenching is likely to be a complexation between ascorbic acid and silver nanoparticles. The quenching mechanism was established by Stern–Volmer law. Under the optimum conditions, the quenched fluorescence intensity was linear with the concentration of ascorbic acid in the range of 4.1 × 10−6 to 1.0 ×10−4 m (r = 0.9985) with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10−7 m. The RSD for repeatability of the sensor for the assay of ascorbic acid concentration of 3.0 × 10−5 and 4.0 × 10−6 m was found to be 1.5 and 1.3%, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of ascorbic acid in vegetables and vitamin C tablets. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of ultra‐high sensitivity bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B virus surface antigen using firefly luciferase
Authors: Minekawa Takayuki , Ohkuma Hiroshi , Abe Katsushi , Maekawa Hiroaki , Arakawa Hidetoshi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a global public health concern. Efficient diagnosis of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) is useful for identification of infection, treatment and prevention of transfusion‐transmitted viral infections. Seronegative window reduction afforded by a highly sensitive measurement methodology is necessary as a small quantity of virus with infection risk exists for the period characterized by undetectable HBsAg following HBV infection. In this study, a bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (BLEIA) for HBsAg was developed employing firefly luciferase as a labeling enzyme and a two‐step sandwich immunoassay method. The cut‐off value (10 mIU/mL) was 50‐fold more sensitive relative to conventional chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay based on luminol luminescence involving peroxidase as the labeling enzyme and the identical antibodies. Preliminary clinical data for this BLEIA revealed that the HBV seroconversion panel derived sequentially from HBV‐infected human blood was detected 11 days following window closure from the first bleed, whereas detection occurred 14–25 days following window closure with the three conventional commercial kits. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lactone Size Dependent Reactivity in Candida Antarctica Lipase B: A Molecular Dynamics and Docking Study
Authors: Veld Martijn A. J. , Fransson Linda , Palmans Anja R. A. , Meijer E. W. , Hult Karl 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSize matters: Lactones have extensively been studied as monomers in enzymatic polymerization reactions. Large lactones showed an unexpectedly high reactivity in these reactions. A combination of docking and molecular dynamics studies have been used to explain this high reactivity in terms of productive binding due to the transoid nature of the ester bond in these substrates.magnified image
Buddy balloon to deliver a percutaneous aortic valve device: A percutaneous shoehorn?
Authors: Sheiban Imad , Infantino Vincenzo , Bollati Mario 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPercutaneous aortic valve replacement is performed with increasing frequency in patients with severe aortic stenosis at prohibitive surgical risk. Currently available devices are however in their early development stage, and are thus quite bulky with a large profile, with ensuing difficulties in delivery of the device through a stenotic aortic valve. We report hereby a case in which we employed a buddy wire and balloon technique as a “shoehorn” to enable accurate delivery of a balloon‐expandable aortic valve prosthesis from the transfemoral route. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Armored” aspiration catheter technique to enhance aspiration catheter delivery in challenging thrombus‐containing lesions
Authors: Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Lichtenwalter Christopher , Banerjee Subhash 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUse of aspiration catheters can improve the outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions in thrombus‐containing lesions, yet delivery of such catheters may be difficult, especially in tortuous and calcified vessels and when guide catheter support is poor. We report two cases demonstrating successful application of a novel “armored” aspiration catheter technique, in which a 0.035 inch guidewire is inserted via the aspiration lumen to render the aspiration catheter stiffer and facilitate delivery to the target vessel thrombotic segment. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrograde recanalization of chronic total coronary artery occlusion using a novel “reverse wire trapping” technique
Authors: Ge Junbo , Zhang Feng 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a chronic total occlusion (CTO) remains a technical challenge for the interventional cardiologists. Recently, modified techniques based on the retrograde approach have demonstrated that this approach could increase the success rate for PCI of CTO. In the current report, we describe a novel “reverse wire trapping” technique that can help create an antegrade wire route to open CTO after the wire has passed through the CTO retrogradely, even though the retrograde balloon dilatation or antegrade wiring was unapproachable. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TEVAR for non‐aneurysmal thoracic aortic pathology
Authors: D'Souza Sean , Duncan Audra , Aguila Fernando , Oderich Gustavo , Ricotta Joseph , Kalra Manju , Gloviczki Peter , Bower Thomas , Sundt Thoralf 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective: Management of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers (PAU), intramural hematomas (IMH), and acute aortic dissections (AD) of the thoracic aorta remain controversial in the endovascular era. Methods: Between 2001 and 2007, patients with PAU (13 patients), and/or IMH (7 patients) were treated with thoracic endografts (TEVAR) in the endovascular suite under general anesthesia. Indications for intervention were intractable chest pain, expanding hematoma or contained rupture, or distal malperfusion. End‐points were early morbidity and mortality, incidence of endoleak, device‐related complications, and secondary interventions. Results: Of the 20 patients with a median age of 67 (25–83), 13 (65%) were men, 2 (10%) had contained aortic rupture, and 10 were symptomatic. One patient had carotid‐subclavian bypass debranching before endograft implantation. Ten patients had cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Mean length of aorta treated was 122.1 mm (range 36–300). All endografts were technically successful. Average blood loss was 50 mL. Thirty‐day mortality was 0%. Symptoms resolved in all patients; there were no neurologic complications. Average length of stay was 5 days. Mean follow‐up was 2.0 years (range 0.1–5.8). All patients remained asymptomatic. Three had early (<180 days) endoleaks: Two type II and 1 type I treated successfully with an additional cuff, which was the only patient requiring reintervention. Two patients had late (>180 days) endoleaks (type 2) observed with no aortic expansion. Two deaths at 5.4 and 5.8 years were due to severe aortic valve stenosis and metastatic lung cancer. Conclusion: TEVAR is a feasible option for repair of non‐aneurysmal thoracic aortic pathology with resolution of symptoms, no mortality, and no neurologic complications. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative assessment of the conformational change in the femoropopliteal artery with leg movement
Authors: Klein Andrew J. , James Chen S. , Messenger John C. , Hansgen Adam R. , Plomondon Mary E. , Carroll John D. , Casserly Ivan P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground:The unique physical forces exerted on the femoropopliteal (FP) artery during movement have been implicated in the high rates of restenosis and stent fracture in this artery. Conformational changes in the FP artery during movement are important surrogates of these forces. This study sought to quantify the conformational change in the FP artery between the straight‐leg (SL) and crossed‐leg (CL) positions.Methods:Using paired angiographic images of overlapping segments of the FP artery in SL and CL positions from patients with peripheral arterial disease, 3‐D models of individual segments were generated and subsequently fused to create a 3‐D model of the entire FP artery in both leg positions. Based on these 3‐D models, the following parameters in the SL and CL positions were quantitatively assessed for the superficial femoral artery (SFA), popliteal artery (PA), and FP artery (i.e., SFA and PA): length, curvature, torsion, twist angle, and development of new flexion angles = 15°.Results:In nine male patients with a mean age of 57 ± 10.2 years, angiography was performed in 10 FP arteries, with successful generation of 3‐D models for all vessels. Movement from the SL to the CL position for the SFA, PA, and FP artery was associated with (a) a mean shortening of 18.2 mm (P = 0.002), 32.2 mm (P < 0.001), and 50.3 mm (P < 0.001), respectively; (b) a mean increase in curvature of 0.04 cm−1 (P = 0.012), 0.2 cm−1 (P < 0.001), and 0.11 cm−1 (P < 0.001), respectively; (c) and small absolute changes in mean torsion of 0.034 cm−1 (P = 0.48), 0.006 cm−1 (P < 0.001), and 0.057 cm−1 (P < 0.001), respectively. The same leg movement was associated with a mean twist angle of 45.6° ± 27.9° (range of 17.4°–103.4°) and 61.1° ± 31.9° (range of 20.5°–101.1°) for the SFA and PA, respectively. Compared to the SL position, the CL position induced a single flexion point (FxP) =15° in the SFA in two patients, and a mean of 2.4 FxPs =15° (range 1–5) in the PA.Conclusions:Significant changes in length, curvature, and twist occur in the PA and significant but more modest changes in length and twist occur in the SFA during movement from the SL to the CL position. This data has important implications for endovascular therapies that are used to treat disease in the FP artery. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fully automatic three‐dimensional quantitative analysis of intracoronary optical coherence tomography
Authors: Sihan Kenji , Botha Charl , Post Frits , de Winter Sebastiaan , Gonzalo Nieves , Regar Evelyn , Serruys Patrick J.W.C. , Hamers Ronald , Bruining Nico 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives and background: Quantitative analysis of intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) image data (QOCT) is currently performed by a time‐consuming manual contour tracing process in individual OCT images acquired during a pullback procedure (frame‐based method). To get an efficient quantitative analysis process, we developed a fully automatic three‐dimensional (3D) lumen contour detection method and evaluated the results against those derived by expert human observers. Methods: The method was developed using Matlab (The Mathworks, Natick, MA). It incorporates a graphical user interface for contour display and, in the selected cases where this might be necessary, editing. OCT image data of 20 randomly selected patients, acquired with a commercially available system (Lightlab imaging, Westford, MA), were pulled from our OCT database for validation. Results: A total of 4,137 OCT images were analyzed. There was no statistically significant difference in mean lumen areas between the two methods (5.03 ± 2.16 vs. 5.02 ± 2.21 mm2; P = 0.6, human vs. automated). Regression analysis showed a good correlation with an r value of 0.99. The method requires an average 2–5 sec calculation time per OCT image. In 3% of the detected contours an observer correction was necessary. Conclusion: Fully automatic lumen contour detection in OCT images is feasible with only a select few contours showing an artifact (3%) that can be easily corrected. This QOCT method may be a valuable tool for future coronary imaging studies incorporating OCT. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Balloon angioplasty versus stenting with nitinol stents in intermediate length superficial femoral artery lesions
Authors: Dick Petra , Wallner Hubert , Sabeti Schila , Loewe Christian , Mlekusch Wolfgang , Lammer Johannes , Koppensteiner Renate , Minar Erich , Schillinger Martin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground: Recent randomized trials investigating stent implantation compared with balloon angioplasty for treatment of superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease have given divergent results in short (mean 5 cm) and intermediate (mean 10 cm) lesions. We reinvestigated whether primary nitinol stenting is associated with a morphologic and clinical benefit when compared with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with optional stenting (PTA) in intermediate‐length lesions. Methods: We randomly assigned 73 patients with severe claudication or chronic limb ischemia and average 8 cm long (range 3–20 cm) SFA stenosis or occlusion to primary stent implantation (n = 34) or PTA (n = 39). Restenosis >50% and clinical outcome were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months postintervention. Results: Average length of the treated segments was 98 ± 54 mm and 71 ± 43 mm in the stent and PTA groups (P = 0.011), respectively. In the PTA group, secondary stenting was performed in 10 of 39 patients (26%) due to a suboptimal result after balloon dilation. Restenosis rates in the stent and PTA groups were 21.9% versus 55.6% (P = 0.005) at 6 months by CT‐angiography, and 2.9% versus 18.9% (P = 0.033), 18.2% versus 50.0% (P = 0.006), and 34.4% versus 61.1% (P = 0.028) at 3, 6, and 12 months by sonography, respectively. Clinically, patients in the stent group reported a significantly higher maximum walking capacity compared with the PTA group at 6 and 12 months. Conclusion: In this randomized multicenter trial, primary stenting with a self‐expanding nitinol stent for treatment of intermediate length SFA disease resulted morphologically and clinically superior midterm results compared with balloon angioplasty with optional secondary stenting. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medicinal Chemistry Teaching and Training: A Continuous Adaptation
Authors: Timmerman Henk , de Souza Noel J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBridging the gap: The differences between medicinal chemistry at the industrial and academic levels raises the question: Is there a significant gap between the two spheres that requires attention, or should such differences be deemed natural, without the need to close the gap? Herein we provide perspectives on this issue, based in part on opinions expressed at a forum discussion held at ISMC 2008 in Vienna.magnified image
Liver function test abnormalities in anorexia nervosa—Cause or effect
Authors: Narayanan Vignesh , Gaudiani Jennifer L. , Harris Robert Hill , Mehler Philip S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective:Two females with severe anorexia nervosa (BMI of 10) were seen with marked abnormalities in their liver function tests before the initiation of refeeding. These paradoxically resolved with progressive refeeding and weight restoration.Method:Clinical observation during regimented medical stabilization and refeeding of two patients with severe anorexia nervosa with frequent monitoring of liver function tests.Results:Normalization of liver function tests ensued as caloric intake increased and weight gain progressed.Discussion:Although classically liver function test elevations occur during refeeding, as a manifestation of excessive calories and fat deposition in the liver, they may also be elevated due to severe malnutrition before refeeding has commenced and improved as refeeding occurs. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Statins inhibit NK‐cell cytotoxicity by interfering with LFA‐1‐mediated conjugate formation
Authors: Raemer Patrick C. , Kohl Kristine , Watzl Carsten 
Published: May 2009

AbstractInhibitors of the 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, commonly referred to as statins, are inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. They are broadly used for treating hypercholesterolemia and for prevention of cardio‐ and cerebrovascular diseases. Recent publications show that statins also act as immunomodulatory drugs. Here, we show that lipophilic statins inhibit NK‐cell degranulation and cytotoxicity. This effect was reversible by addition of substrates of isoprenylation, but not by addition of cholesterol. In NK‐target cell conjugates intracellular Ca2+ flux was unaffected by statin treatment. However, statins strongly reduced the amount of conjugate formation between NK and target cells. This inhibition was paralleled by a statin‐dependent inhibition of LFA‐1‐mediated adhesion and a reduction of NK‐cell polarization. This demonstrates that statins impair the formation of effector–target cell conjugates resulting in the disruption of early signaling and the loss of NK‐cell cytotoxicity.
Synthesis, Structure, Conductivity, and Calculated Nonlinear Optical Properties of Two Novel Bis(triphenylphosphane)copper(I) Dithiocarbamates
Authors: Kumar Abhinav , Mayer‐Figge Heike , Sheldrick William S. , Singh Nanhai 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA centrosymmetric binuclear [{Cu(PPh3)2}2(piperzdtc)] (1) [piperzdtc2– = piperazinebis(dithiocarbamate)] and another mononuclear [{Cu(PPh3)2}(BzMedtc)] (2) (BzMedtc– = N‐benzyl‐N‐methyldithiocarbamate) complex have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and by X‐ray crystallography. The nonlinear optical properties of 2 have been investigated by density functional theory and its electronic absorption bands have been assigned by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT). Both complexes are weakly conducting (σrt ≈ 10–8 S cm–1) because of the absence of M···S/S···S intermolecular stacking and exhibit semiconductivity with band gaps of 0.94 and 1.24 eV, respectively.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Crystal Structures and Solution Behavior of Paramagnetic, Trinuclear, Mixed‐Valent Cobalt Complexes with Salen‐Type Ligands
Authors: Mechi Lassaad , Siega Patrizia , Dreos Renata , Zangrando Ennio , Randaccio Lucio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNew trinuclear mixed‐valent CoIII‐CoII‐CoIII complexes with salen‐type ligands have been synthesized and characterized both in the solid state and in solution. These complexescomprise a central CoCl2 unit connecting two [RCo(4,4′,7,7′tmsalen)] fragments with chlorides acting as bridging ligands between the metals, while the central CoII ion completes its octahedral coordination through the salen oxygen donors. Complex 1 (R = CH2Cl), which has cis Cl ligands at the central CoII ion, has approximate C2 symmetry, whereas the centrosymmetric complex 2 (R = CF3CH2) contains trans Cl ligands (C2h symmetry). Complexes 1 and 2 are paramagnetic with magnetic moments of 4.7 and 4.4 μB, respectively, which indicate the presence of a high‐spin CoII center in the molecule. The 1H NMR spectra, which spread over a range of nearly 190 ppm, are consistent with the presence of both cis and trans isomers in solution (with cis being the prevailing species), and indicate that exchange is slow on the NMR time‐scale. Isotropically shifted 1H NMR signals have been fully assigned by comparison with those of appropriately substituted complexes and by T1 measurements and 2D exchange experiments (EXSY). The K constant for the trans [rlarr2] cis equilibrium, as evaluated from the 1H NMR signal intensity ratio at various temperatures, has allowed us to estimate, at least qualitatively, the thermodynamic parameters ΔH° and ΔS°.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Ba6Si6N10O2(CN2) – A Nitridosilicate with a NPO‐Zeolite Structure Type Containing Carbodiimide Ions
Authors: Pagano Sandro , Oeckler Oliver , Schröder Thorsten , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA new precursor approach leading to NPO‐zeolite analogous nitridosilicates with cavities containing carbodiimide ions is presented. The reaction of amorphous “Si(CN2)2” and barium in liquid sodium afforded Ba6Si6N10O2(CN2) as yellow crystals. The structure is a rare example of the NPO‐zeolite framework type and the first nitridosilicate incorporating carbodiimide ions. The partially ordered integration of carbodiimide moieties in the channels leads to the formation of a superstructure (P$\bar {6}$, no. 174, a = 16.255(2), c = 5.4690(11) Å, Z = 3, R1 = 0.0299, 2139 data, 100 parameters) and merohedral twinning. A comprehensive structure solution is presented, taking all possible ordering variants and twin laws into account.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)