bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomics analysis of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 growing on glucose, fructose, mannose, xylose, ribose, and galactose
Authors: Liu Dawei , Wang Shuai , Xu Bin , Guo Yanghong , Zhao Jiangli , Liu Wei , Sun Zhongke , Shao Changlin , Wei Xiao , Jiang Zheng , Wang Xuesong , Liu Feng , Wang Jie , Huang Liuyu , Hu Darong , He Xiang , Riedel Christian U. , Yuan Jing 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTo investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying carbohydrate uptake and connected metabolic pathways of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705, the proteomic profiles of bacteria grown on different carbon sources including glucose, fructose, mannose, xylose, ribose, and galactose were analyzed. Our results show that all sugars tested were catabolized via the bifid shunt. Sixty‐eight proteins that exhibited changes in abundance of threefold or greater were identified by MS. A striking observation was the differential expression of proteins related to the pyruvate metabolism. Further analysis of acetic acid and lactic acid in the culture supernatants by HPLC at the end of fermentation showed that more lactic acid was produced during growth on fructose, ribose, xylose, galactose and more acetic acid was produced during the fermentation of glucose and mannose. Growth experiments revealed that B. longum NCC2705 preferentially used fructose, ribose, xylose, and galactose with higher growth rates over glucose and mannose. Furthermore, five proteins (GroEL, Eno, Tal, Pgm, and BL0033) exhibited clear phosphorylation modifications at serine and/or tyrosine residues. BL0033, a component of an ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter, was significantly more abundant in bacteria grown on fructose and, to a lesser extent, ribose and xylose. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that all genes of the ABC transporter are induced in the presence of these sugars suggesting that BL0033, BL0034, BL0035, and BL0036 constitute an ABC transporter with fructose as preferred substrate.
Practical issues with marginally explosible dusts—evaluating the real hazard
Authors: Rodgers Samuel A. , Ural Erdem A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA combustible dust can be nonexplosible, marginally explosible, or severely explosible. With the exception of a few standards with a quantitative perspective (such as NFPA 68), most safety standards and regulations do not differentiate marginally explosible dusts from severely explosible dusts. As a result, a marginally explosible dust triggers the same legal and technical burden on the users as a severely explosible dust does. The issue is further complicated owing to the fact that the standard explosibility test method is inherently inaccurate when it comes to marginally explosible dusts. This article demonstrates that OSHA tests can classify nonexplosible dusts erroneously as explosible.This article reviews the state of the art on this topic and provides a comparison of internationally recognized explosibility/combustibility evaluation test methods with those currently used by OSHA. It also highlights the changes originally proposed for the NFPA‐654, 2011 edition, which will be further considered as the document has been returned to committee for review, as well as proposals for the NFPA‐499, 2012 edition. These new approaches are intended to resolve some of the common issues in the codes and standards pertaining to life safety, property conservation, and electrical area classification. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011.
Inclined misfit dislocations in a film/substrate system
Authors: Neily Salem , Youssef Sami , Gutakovskii Anton , Bonnet Roland 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe quantitative study by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of crystalline defects in ultra‐thin film deposited on a substrate system is often complicated by the elastic interactions between short dislocation segments and the free surface of the film. It is shown, in the frame of isotropic elasticity and two‐beam dark‐field TEM, how to tackle the quantitative identification of short inclined segments of misfit dislocations located at a few tens of nanometers below a free surface. The method, which uses repeatedly the concept of angular dislocation, is applied to some defects observed in a GeSi film deposited on a surface slightly deviating from a (0 0 1) silicon surface.
First‐principles study of structural stability and elastic properties of the ordered Si0.5Ge0.5 alloy under high pressure
Authors: Hao Aimin , Zhang Lixin , Gao Zhongming , Zhu Yan , Riping Liu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn investigation on electronic and elastic properties of the ordered Si0.5Ge0.5 alloy under high pressure has been conducted using first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) with the plane wave basis set as implemented in the CASTEP code. Our results demonstrate that the sequence of the pressure‐induced structure transition of the ordered Si0.5Ge0.5 alloy is from the Fd3m (Si0.5Ge0.5‐I) to I41/amd (Si0.5Ge0.5‐II) phase. The calculated lattice constants and transition pressures are reported, which are in good agreement with the available experimental results and the previous theoretical data. The elastic constants and anisotropy as a function of pressure are presented.
Large multiple resonance of magnetoelectric effect in a multiferroic composite cylinder with an imperfect interface
Authors: Wang H. M. , Pan E. , Chen W. Q. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe magnetoelectric (ME) effect in a bilayered piezoelectric/piezomagnetic cylinder with an imperfect interface under harmonic excitation is solved analytically. We show that while the interface imperfection would always reduce the static ME effect, the imperfect interface could play a significant positive role in enhancing the ME effect in the frequency domain >100 kHz. Combining with the curvature of the cylinder and the mechanical boundary conditions, we further demonstrate that it is possible to excite large ME effect at double and even multiple resonance frequencies, a unique feature which should be important to various microwave devices, such as antennas.
Criticality of metal resources for functional materials used in electronics and microelectronics
Authors: Reller Armin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn microelectronic devices a multitude of essential, indispensable metals is functionalized. Many of these metals are scarce and rather often only mined as by‐products of base metals. For the industry but also for the development of new technologies this situation can evoke serious restrictions. In order to foresee, validate and minimize such risks a criticality concept is described. In this concept quantitative and qualitative criteria like scarcity, geo‐political restrictions, economic availability, efficiency, recyclability, potential dissipation, social and cultural factors, ecologic impacts, etc. are considered in order to define a reliable, sustainable and responsible implementation of strategic functional metals and materials into technical systems. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Column generation for a UAV assignment problem with precedence constraints
Authors: Casbeer David W. , Holsapple Raymond W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe apply column generation with branch‐and‐price optimization to a multi‐target, multi‐task assignment problem, with precedence constraints. Column generation transforms the nonlinear program with separable costs and constraints into a linear program. This reformulation divides the original problem into a number of smaller problems, where one of these smaller problems accounts for the coupling constraints between agents and must be known by every agent. All other divisions consider local constraints affecting only one agent; these smaller problems are known by only one corresponding agent. Because of this reformulation, the assignment problem can be solved in a distributed manner. A theorem is proven which details the central analytical result of the paper, allowing a nonlinear program to be reformulated as a linear program. Simulation results for a multi‐target, single‐task assignment problem, as well as a multi‐target, multi‐task assignment problem with precedence constraints are presented. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Error‐constrained finite‐horizon tracking control with incomplete measurements and bounded noises
Authors: Wei Guoliang , Wang Zidong , Shen Bo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the finite‐horizon tracking control problem for discrete nonlinear time‐varying systems with state delays, bounded noises and incomplete measurement output. The exogenous bounded noises are unknown and confined to specified ellipsoidal sets. A deterministic measurement output model is proposed to account for the incomplete data transmission phenomenon caused by possible sensor aging or failures. The aim of the addressed tracking control problem is to develop an observer‐based control over a finite‐horizon such that, for the admissible time delays, nonlinearities and bounded noises, both the quadratic tracking error and the estimation error are not more than certain upper bounds that are minimized at every time step. A recursive linear matrix inequality approach is used to solve the problem addressed. The observer and controller parameters are characterized in terms of the solution to a convex optimization problem that can be easily solved by using the semi‐definite programme method. A simulation example is exploited to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design procedures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
POTENTIAL FOR VEGETATION‐BASED RIVER MANAGEMENT IN DRYLAND, SALINE CATCHMENTS
Authors: Callow J. N. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe approaches used to manage rivers have been developed and adapted to many different problems and settings. Because of their relatively low cost, vegetation‐based approaches implemented at the reach, landholder and catchment scales have become the foundation for river management in most landscapes. In many dryland agricultural catchments, secondary (anthropogenic) salinity caused by clearing native vegetation has resulted in rising saline groundwater, streamflow salinity values that exceed seawater and severe the degradation of riparian vegetation communities. The potential effectiveness of vegetation‐based strategies in these landscapes remains largely unknown, yet these strategies are still widely pursued.This study initially investigated the patterns of vegetation recovery and recolonization following a large flood in a saline river that disturbed the system. A conceptual model was developed to describe spatial patterns of where different vegetation types had regrown and recovered in relation to controls exerted by streamflow salinity, surface texture characteristics, topography and reach morphology. Using this model, vegetation‐based river management options for different reaches were developed, and their potential effectiveness in stabilizing reaches was investigated using a 1‐D hydraulic modelling approach. This study finds that in a dryland catchment with high stream salinity (20 000–93 000 mg L−1), there is still a strong potential for successful vegetation‐based management, but only in selected reaches. Results showed that changes in stream power and channel velocity were not associated with the areas of most severe vegetation degradation. Rather, there is a complex interplay between channel morphology, channel slope and places of potential vegetation growth within a reach. This paper outlines an approach to evaluate the potential success of vegetation‐based river management in saline landscapes. It identifies the need to prioritize investment based on the following: an understanding of factors controlling revegetation potential, the likely impact of revegetation in mitigating adverse channel changes and the proximity of reaches to high‐value infrastructure and biodiversity assets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiparametric regression models for detecting effect modification in matched case‐crossover studies
Authors: Kim Inyoung , Cheong Hae‐Kwan , Kim Ho 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn matched case‐crossover studies, it is generally accepted that covariates on which a case and associated controls are matched cannot exert a confounding effect on independent predictors included in the conditional logistic regression model because any stratum effect is removed by the conditioning on the fixed number of sets of a case and controls in the stratum. Hence, the conditional logistic regression model is not able to detect any effects associated with the matching covariates by stratum. In addition, the matching covariates may be effect modification and the methods for assessing and characterizing effect modification by matching covariates are quite limited. In this article, we propose a unified approach in its ability to detect both parametric and nonparametric relationships between the predictor and the relative risk of disease or binary outcome, as well as potential effect modifications by matching covariates. Two methods are developed using two semiparametric models: (1) the regression spline varying coefficients model and (2) the regression spline interaction model. Simulation results show that the two approaches are comparable. These methods can be used in any matched case‐control study and extend to multilevel effect modification studies. We demonstrate the advantage of our approach using an epidemiological example of a 1–4 bi‐directional case‐crossover study of childhood aseptic meningitis associated with drinking water turbidity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of the aerodynamics of a high solidity, small‐scale vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: McLaren K. , Tullis S. , Ziada S. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTA computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed for a small‐scale, high solidity (σ = 0.48) H‐type Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine. Two‐dimensional unsteady Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations were solved for the turbine numerical model, which has a large stationary domain and smaller rotating subdomain connected by a sliding mesh interface. The simulation results were first validated against steady‐state airfoil data. The model was then used to solve for three rotating blades with constant ambient flow velocity (Re = 360,000) over numerous blade speed ratios. The high solidity and the associated low blade speed ratio and rotational speed of the turbine result in complex flow–blade interaction mechanisms. These include dynamic stall resulting in vortex shedding, vortex impingement on the source blade and significant flow momentum extraction causing reduced power production from the downstream blade pass. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suicidal ideation in adolescence: Examining the role of recent adverse experiences
Authors: Thompson Richard , Proctor Laura J. , English Diana J. , Dubowitz Howard , Narasimhan Subasri , Everson Mark D. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough there is a well‐known link between adverse experiences and suicidal ideation, there has been little study of the effects of recent adverse experiences on suicidal ideation in teenagers. This study examined the association between recent adverse experiences and suicidal ideation in a sample of 740 at‐risk 16‐year‐old youth in the LONGSCAN studies, as well as potential mediators. 8.9% of the youth reported suicidal ideation. Recent adverse experiences, as a class, were associated with suicidal ideation; both recent physical abuse and recent psychological maltreatment were uniquely associated with suicidal ideation. The links between recent adverse experiences and suicidal ideation were significantly mediated by psychological distress. There were also significant main effect associations between both internalizing behavioral problems and low positive achievement expectations and suicidal ideation. Recent adverse experiences are important in understanding suicidal ideation in high risk youth.
Experiences and needs of Nigerian women after stillbirth
Authors: Kuti Oluwafemi , Ilesanmi Clara E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the type of care that Nigerian women would find useful after stillbirth.MethodsBetween January and June 2009, the study consecutively enrolled women attending the prenatal clinic of Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria, who had previously had a stillborn infant. The women were asked whether they had been offered any of the following recommended care procedures: (1) see the infant; (2) hold the infant; (3) obtain mementoes; (4) name the infant; or (5) autopsy. They were also asked which of these procedures they found helpful in coping with their loss. Data were collected via an interviewer‐administered questionnaire.ResultsOf the 45 women interviewed, 24 (53.3%) were given the opportunity to see the body of their infant. None was given the opportunity to hold, take pictures, or name the infant. Thirty (66.7%) wished they had seen their infant, and 8 (17.8%) and 2 (4.4%) wished that they could have held and taken photographs of their infant, respectively. Only 7 (31.82%) women had fully recovered within 3 years of stillbirth.ConclusionContrary to general beliefs, most women wished to see the body of their stillborn infant and many desired to hold them.
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization versus systemic methotrexate for the management of cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Li Chunhai , Li Caixia , Feng Danjun , Jia Chunling , Liu Bin , Zhan Xinfeng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness/safety of systemic methotrexate (MTX) treatment versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using different embolic agents for termination of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).MethodsWomen with CSP were randomized to receive intravenous infusion of MTX (group 1, n = 13), or chemoembolization with MTX and either gelatin sponge (GS; group 2, n = 15) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA; group 3, n = 16) particles. Uterine suction curettage followed all procedures. Bleeding volume, time until resolution of serum β‐hCG, and length of hospital stay were recorded as outcome endpoints.ResultsBleeding volume was smaller in groups 2 (mean ± SD, 73 ± 20 mL) and 3 (63 ± 22 mL) than in group 1 (952 ± 471 mL) (P < 0.001). Time until resolution of β‐hCG was shorter in groups 2 (29 ± 16 days) and 3 (30 ± 19 days) than in group 1 (57 ± 25 days) (P < 0.01). Length of hospital stay was shorter in groups 2 (13 ± 4 days) and 3 (12 ± 3 days) than in group 1 (36 ± 8 days) (P < 0.01).ConclusionTranscatheter arterial chemoembolization was more effective than systemic MTX treatment for termination of CSP. Large cohort studies are warranted to compare effectiveness between PVA and GS particles.
Community‐based stillbirth rates and risk factors in rural Sarlahi, Nepal
Authors: Lee Anne C. , Mullany Luke C. , Tielsch James M. , Katz Joanne , Khatry Subarna K. , LeClerq Steven C. , Adhikari Ramesh K. , Darmstadt Gary L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess stillbirth rates and antepartum risk factors in rural Nepal.MethodsData were collected prospectively during a cluster‐randomized, community‐based trial in Sarlahi, Nepal, from 2002 to 2006. Multivariate regression modeling was performed to calculate adjusted relative risk estimates.ResultsAmong 24 531 births, the stillbirth rate was 35.4 per 1000 births (term stillbirth rate 21.2 per 1000 births). Most births occurred at home without a skilled birth attendant. The majority (69%) of intrapartum maternal deaths resulted in stillbirth. The adjusted RR (aRR) of stillbirth was 2.74 among nulliparas and 1.47 among mothers with history of a child death. Mothers above the age of 30 years carried a 1.59‐fold higher risk for stillbirth than mothers who were 20–24 years old. The stillbirth risk was lower among households where the father had any formal education (aRR 0.70). Land ownership (aRR 0.85) and Pahadi ethnicity (aRR 0.67; reference: Madhesi ethnicity) were associated with significantly lower risks of stillbirth.ConclusionStillbirth rates were high in rural Nepal, with the majority of stillbirths occurring at full‐term gestation. Nulliparity, history of prior child loss, maternal age above 30 years, Madhesi ethnicity, and socioeconomic disadvantage were significant risk factors for stillbirth.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00 109616
Comparison of the efficacy and adverse effects of nifedipine and indomethacin for the treatment of preterm labor
Authors: Kashanian Maryam , Bahasadri Shohreh , Zolali Bita 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and adverse effects of nifedipine versus indomethacin in the treatment of preterm labor.MethodsIn a randomized clinical trial, 79 women with labor pain at 26–33 weeks of gestation were treated with either oral nifedipine (n = 40) or rectal indomethacin (n = 39).ResultsTwenty‐three (59%) women in the indomethacin group, and 10 (25%) in the nifedipine group did not respond to treatment (P = 0.002). None of the 16 and 30 women remaining in the indomethacin and nifedipine groups, respectively, delivered during the subsequent 48 hours. Of these remaining women, 1 (6.25%) in the indomethacin group and 4 (13.3%) in the nifedipine group delivered between 48 hours and 7 days (P = 0.162). For the women who responded to treatment, the mean gestational age at time of delivery was 238.5 ± 19.4 days and 246.4 ± 15.4 days in the nifedipine and indomethacin groups, respectively (P = 0.182). Seventeen (42.5%) women in the nifedipine group, and 11 (28.2%) in the indomethacin group showed adverse effects (P = 0.184).ConclusionIndomethacin was less effective than nifedipine for the fast treatment of preterm labor. For women who responded to treatment within 2 hours, however, the delaying of delivery by indomethacin was similar to that by nifedipine.
A survey of providers’ knowledge, opinions, and practices regarding induced abortion in Jamaica
Authors: Fletcher Horace , Gordon‐Strachan Georgiana , McFarlane Shelly , Hamilton Pansy , Frederick Joseph 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the stance of providers in Jamaica regarding the suggested change in abortion law and proposal to train providers.MethodsA face‐to‐face anonymous survey of 35 obstetrician‐gynecologists (Obs) and 228 general practitioners (GPs) in Kingston was used to assess knowledge, opinions and practice.ResultsDemand for abortion was high: 94.7% of GPs and 100% of Obs had been asked to perform an abortion. Although 50.7% of GPs and 70.6% of Obs had performed abortions, 81.2% and 88.6%, respectively, had referred women to another provider. Training was more likely for Obs (65.7% versus 52.2%; P < 0.001). Patient assessment was appropriate, but written guidelines, counseling, and social services referral were uncommon. More Obs knew the laws (62.9% versus 42.5%; P = 0.052). Most participants did not agree to abortion under any circumstance, but only 25.3% had moral or religious objections, and only 9.4% refused to perform abortions because they were illegal. Most providers felt that abortions should be made more accessible, and almost all felt that abortions should be performed only by Obs.ConclusionDemand for abortions is high in Jamaica, but many doctors refer clients to another provider. Patient assessment is good, but support services need improvement.