bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction of Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin and Sparfloxacin with DNA and Their Analytical Applications
Authors: Radi Abd‐Elgawad , Wahdan Tarek , Anwar Zeinab , Mostafa Hend 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation of the three fluoroquinolone drugs FQs: gatifloxacin GTF, moxifloxacin MXF and sparfloxacin SPF, at the bare and DNA‐modified glassy carbon electrodes has been studied by voltammetric techniques. The three FQs showed one irreversible oxidation peak at potential range 0.85–0.91 V vs. Ag‐AgCl, in phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and UV‐absorption spectroscopic techniques were employed to probe the interaction between the FQs and calf thymus double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds CT‐DNA). From electrochemical data, the binding constant between DNA and the gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and sparfloxacin are calculated to be 3228, 2596 and 2857 M−1 respectively. Based on electrochemical and spectroscopic results, the mode of binding of fluoroquinolone to DNA through combined effect of intercalation and electrostatic interaction was concluded. A detection scheme based on a preconcentration and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination at dsDNA modified glassy carbon electrode (DNA/GCE) was proposed for the trace determination of the studied analytes. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of the FQs in pharmaceutical formulations.
Familial concordance of breast cancer pathology as an indicator of genotype in multiple‐case families
Authors: Balleine Rosemary L. , Provan Pamela J. , Pupo Gulietta M. , Pathmanathan Nirmala , Cummings Margaret , Farshid Gelareh , Salisbury Elizabeth L. , Bilous A. Michael , Byth Karen , Mann Graham J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe heterogeneity of multiple case breast cancer families that do not carry mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (non‐BRCA1/2 families) poses a challenge to the identification of breast cancer susceptibility genes. The aim of this study was to determine whether intrafamilial concordance in breast cancer pathology could identify subgroups of non‐BRCA1/2 families with consistent genotypic features. Invasive breast cancers were reviewed from 84 individuals belonging to 30 multiple‐case families; BRCA1 (n = 9), BRCA2 (n = 10), and non‐BRCA1/2 (n = 11). Hierarchical cluster analysis based on histopathology and age at first diagnosis was then used to specify three subgroups designated Clusters 1–3. The genomic features of non‐BRCA1/2 families were examined by genome wide linkage and FGFR2 SNP genotyping, according to whether they showed cluster‐concordant or cluster‐mixed familial pathology. The majority of pathogenic BRCA1 mutation carriers (80%) fell into a single cluster. In contrast pathogenic BRCA2 mutation carriers were distributed across all three clusters and within families, cluster groups were also generally mixed. Most non‐BRCA1/2 mutation carriers belonged to Cluster 3 (71%). Genome wide linkage data from five non‐BRCA1/2 Cluster 3‐concordant families were compared with four mixed cluster non‐BRCA1/2 families. This revealed a number of distinct linkage peaks, including some regions previously associated with breast cancer susceptibility. The distribution of low risk alleles in FGFR2 was not different between these two subgroups (P = 0.237). The pattern of breast cancer pathology concordance amongst family members may assist the investigation of breast cancer susceptibility in multiple case families. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification as a method for the detection of copy number abnormalities in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Schwab C. J. , Jones L. R. , Morrison H. , Ryan S. L. , Yigittop H. , Schouten J. P. , Harrison C. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecent genomic studies have shown that copy number abnormalities (CNA) of genes involved in lymphoid differentiation and cell cycle control are common in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL). We have evaluated Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) on 43 BCP‐ALL patients for the detection of the most common deletions among these genes and compared the results to those obtained by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic quantitative PCR (qPCR). There was good correlation between methods for CDKN2A/B, IKZF1, and PAX5 deletions in the majority of cases and MLPA confirmed the presence of deletions within the PAR1 region in two of three cases identified by FISH. Small intragenic aberrations detected by MLPA, which were below the resolution of FISH for CDKN2A/B (n = 7), IKZF1 (n = 3), and PAX5 (n = 3) were confirmed by qPCR. MLPA and qPCR were unable to detect populations present at a low level (<20%) by FISH. In addition, although MLPA identified the presence of a deletion, it was unable to discern the presence of mixed cell populations which had been identified by FISH: CDKN2A/B (n = 3), IKZF1 (n = 1), PAX5 (n = 2), and PAR1 deletion (n = 1). Nevertheless, this study has demonstrated that MLPA is a robust technique for the reliable detection of CNA involving multiple targets in a single test and thus is ideal for rapid high throughput testing of large cohorts with a view to establishing incidence and prognostic significance. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional and hemispheric determinants of language laterality: Implications for preoperative fMRI
Authors: Seghier Mohamed L. , Kherif Ferath , Josse Goulven , Price Cathy J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLanguage is typically a function of the left hemisphere but the right hemisphere is also essential in some healthy individuals and patients. This inter‐subject variability necessitates the localization of language function, at the individual level, prior to neurosurgical intervention. Such assessments are typically made by comparing left and right hemisphere language function to determine “language lateralization” using clinical tests or fMRI. Here, we show that language function needs to be assessed at the region and hemisphere specific level, because laterality measures can be misleading. Using fMRI data from 82 healthy participants, we investigated the degree to which activation for a semantic word matching task was lateralized in 50 different brain regions and across the entire cortex. This revealed two novel findings. First, the degree to which language is lateralized across brain regions and between subjects was primarily driven by differences in right hemisphere activation rather than differences in left hemisphere activation. Second, we found that healthy subjects who have relatively high left lateralization in the angular gyrus also have relatively low left lateralization in the ventral precentral gyrus. These findings illustrate spatial heterogeneity in language lateralization that is lost when global laterality measures are considered. It is likely that the complex spatial variability we observed in healthy controls is more exaggerated in patients with brain damage. We therefore highlight the importance of investigating within hemisphere regional variations in fMRI activation, prior to neuro‐surgical intervention, to determine how each hemisphere and each region contributes to language processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrochemical treatment of simulated ground water containing MTBE and BTEX with BDD anodes
Authors: Mascia Michele , Vacca Annalisa , Polcaro Anna Maria , Palmas Simonetta , Pozzo Anna Da 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) and oxy‐fuels such as methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) are typical contaminants of ground waters. Biological and physical techniques are often ineffective in removing these compounds, while promising results were obtained with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which are based on oxidation by hydroxyl radicals. Electrochemical oxidation with boron doped diamond (BDD) anodes occurs by OH radicals generated from water oxidation, so that it may be considered as an alternative to other AOPs.RESULTS:An experimental study on the electrochemical removal of MTBE and BTEX with BDD anodes from water with low organic concentrations and low conductivity is presented. The kinetics of the process was investigated by batch electrolyses: the removal of MTBE and benzene was controlled by the mass transfer towards the anode, while a further reaction bulk contribution was found for alkylbenzenes. The process was tested in continuous mode and the energy consumption was evaluated and compared with other AOPs.CONCLUSIONS:Removal of the pollutants higher than 95% was achieved under all the examined conditions, confirming the effectiveness of the process. The proposed electrochemical treatment was comparable with other AOPs in terms of energy consumption, and it can be considered as an alternative to other processes for ground water treatment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Biodegradation of VOC mixtures of different hydrophobicities in two‐phase partitioning bioreactors containing tailored polymer mixtures
Authors: Hernández María , Muñoz Raúl , Daugulis Andrew J 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: There is a lack of systematic studies of biodegradation of mixtures of VOCs with different hydrophobicities in two‐phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs). The role of tailored mixtures of solid polymers on the biodegradation of MEK (low hydrophobicity), toluene (moderate hydrophobicity) and hexane (high hydrophobicity) was evaluated under steady state operation and transient loading (2‐ and 3.6‐fold 4 h step increase) in TPPBs. Two mixtures of polymer beads (A and B) were selected based on their 2 h partition coefficients for the target VOCs tested, biocompatibility and resistance to microbial attack.RESULTS: The addition of polymer mixture A (20%) into the bioreactor resulted in a severe microbial inhibition, likely due to the leaching of a polymer component, however, the presence of polymer mixture B (20%) supported removal efficiencies (REs) comparable with those recorded in the absence of polymers during steady state operation (hexane, toluene and MEK REs of 7%, 76% and 98%). However, the presence of polymer mixture B supported enhanced MEK REs during the 2‐fold step increase, and increased toluene removal during the 3.6‐fold step increase compared with the system without polymers.CONCLUSIONS: TPPBs with tailored polymer mixtures can improve process performance during VOC transient loadings, however, the interactions between the target VOCs and the solid polymers used should be a key selection criterion in order to avoid microbial inhibition during TPPB operation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Stability of cutinase, wild type and mutants, in AOT reversed micellar system—effect of mixture components of alkyl esters production
Authors: Badenes Sara M. , Lemos Francisco , Cabral Joaquim M. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fusarium solani pisi cutinase was microencapsulated in reversed micelles of bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) in isooctane for the production of alkyl esters, known as biodiesel; its stability in this system was also evaluated. Results using cutinase wild type and three mutants, L153Q, T179C and S54D, were compared.RESULTS: There is a loss of 45% of cutinase wild type activity when incubated in the micellar system for 3 h, indicating a denaturing effect of AOT towards the enzyme, and furthermore a loss of 90% of the activity is observed in the presence of methanol with only 10 min of incubation. In contrast, an improvement of cutinase performance was achieved when incubated with ethanol or butanol, indicating that these alcohols have a protective role regarding the enzyme. Mutant T179C displayed high stability in the presence of methanol with an activity loss of only 16%.CONCLUSIONS: Mutant T179C presented not only high resistance to the denaturing effect of AOT but also high stability in the presence of methanol. This is a promising biocatalyst for a continuous process. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Preliminary experience with bladder preservation for lower rectal cancers involving the lower urinary tract
Authors: Saito Norio , Suzuki Takanori , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Sugito Masanori , Ito Masaaki , Kobayashi Akihiro , Nishizawa Yusuke , Minagawa Nozomi , Nishizawa Yuji , Watanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of en bloc colorectal resection combined with radical prostatectomy as an alternative to total pelvic exenteration (TPE) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer involving the lower urinary tract organs.MethodsTwenty men with primary rectal cancer clinically involving the lower urinary tract organs underwent extended colorectal resection combined with radical prostatectomy. Data were entered prospectively into a database. Oncological and functional outcomes were analyzed.ResultsAnal sphincter‐preserving operation (SPO) with radical prostatectomy was performed in 12 patients, abdominoperineal resection with radical prostatectomy in 8, and urinary reconstruction in 16. Morbidity and mortality rates were 35.0% and 0%, respectively. Five‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 83.6% and 42%, respectively. The cumulative 5‐year local recurrence rate was 20.0%. All patients with urinary reconstruction achieved good voiding function, and patients with SPO showed acceptable anal function.ConclusionsFor lower rectal cancers involving lower urinary tract, en bloc rectal resection combined with radical prostatectomy appears oncologically acceptable and can reduce the number of TPEs. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:778–783. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intermolecular potential parameters and combining rules determined from viscosity data
Authors: Bastien Lucas A. J. , Price Phillip N. , Brown Nancy J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe law of corresponding states has been demonstrated for a number of pure substances and binary mixtures and provides evidence that the transport properties viscosity and diffusion can be determined from a molecular shape function, often taken to be a Lennard–Jones 12‐6 potential, that requires two scaling parameters: a well depth εij and a collision diameter σij, both of which depend on the interacting species i and j. We obtain estimates for εij and σij of interacting species by finding the values that provide the best fit to viscosity data for binary mixtures and compare these to calculated parameters using several “combining rules” that have been suggested for determining parameter values for binary collisions from parameter values that describe collisions of like molecules. Different combining rules give different values for σij and εij, and for some mixtures the differences between these values and the best‐fit parameter values are rather large. There is a curve in (εij, σij) space such that parameter values on the curve generate a calculated viscosity in good agreement with measurements for a pure gas or a binary mixture. The various combining rules produce couples of parameters εij, σij that lie close to the curve and, therefore, generate predicted mixture viscosities in satisfactory agreement with experiment. Although the combining rules were found to underpredict the viscosity in most of the cases, Kong's rule was found to work better than the others, but none of the combining rules consistently yields parameter values near the best‐fit values, suggesting that improved rules could be developed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America.
Int J Chem Kinet 42: 713–723, 2010
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors: A Molecular Level Legitimate Approach for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Thareja Suresh , Aggarwal Saurabh , Bhardwaj T. R. , Kumar Manoj 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a systemic disease responsible for morbidity in the western world and is gradually becoming prevalent in developing countries too. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing in industrialized countries and type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of the disease. Insulin resistance is a major pathophysiological factor in the development of type 2 diabetes, occurring mainly in muscle, adipose tissues, and liver leading to reduced glucose uptake and utilization and increased glucose production. The prevalence and rising incidence of diabetes emphasized the need to explore new molecular targets and strategies to develop novel antihyperglycemic agents. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) has recently emerged as a promising molecular level legitimate therapeutic target in the effective management of type 2 diabetes. PTP 1B, a cytosolic nonreceptor PTPase, has been implicated as a negative regulator of insulin signal transduction. Therefore, PTP 1B inhibitors would increase insulin sensitivity by blocking the PTP 1B‐mediated negative insulin signaling pathway and might be an attractive target for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. With X‐ray crystallography and NMR‐based fragment screening, the binding interactions of several classes of inhibitors have been elucidated, which could help the design of future PTP 1B inhibitors. The drug discovery research in PTP 1B is a challenging area to work with and many pharmaceutical organizations and academic research laboratories are focusing their research toward the development of potential PTP 1B inhibitors which would prove to be a milestone for the management of diabetes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 32, No. 3, 459–517, 2012
Insights into the targeted elimination of BRCA1‐defective cancer stem cells
Authors: Somasundaram Veena , Srinivas Priya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBRCA1 expression is involved in normal embryonic development, mammary stem cell differentiation, and prostate cancer development. Inactivation of BRCA1 plays an important role in cancer stem cells and also leads to the development of high‐grade, basal‐like tumor. This review discusses why BRCA1‐defective cancer stem cells need a prospective analysis, how ER alpha could influence BRCA1‐defective tumor progression, phenotype of BRCA1‐defective cancers, role of BRCA1 in other cancers and finally at what perspective BRCA1‐defective cancers can be targeted for better therapeutic outcome.
Investigation and modeling on fatigue damage evolution of rock as a function of logarithmic cycle
Authors: Xiao Jian‐Qing , Feng Xia‐Ting , Ding De‐Xin , Jiang Fu‐Liang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe fatigue damage behavior of granite under constant and variable amplitude loadings is studied. The experimental analysis reveals that there is a three‐stage law for the fatigue damage evolution as a function of absolute or relative cycle and the inverted‐S damage model proposed by the author, in this case, is capable of representing the damage behavior of rock. However, when the logarithmic cycle is considered, there are only two stages, i.e. steady and accelerated stages and the fatigue damage evolution greatly depends on the properties of rock and stress level. Accordingly, the fatigue damage evolution curves have been categorized into three types. Then, the effect of maximum stress, amplitude and fatigue initial damage on the damage evolution of rock is investigated. The analysis reveals that the damage evolution greatly depends on these influencing factors. The fatigue life decreases with the increase in the maximum stress, amplitude and fatigue initial damage due to the decrease in the proportion of the first stage to the whole fatigue process and the increase in the damage rate in the first stage. Meanwhile, a linear‐exponential formula is used to model the fatigue damage behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading. This damage model is superior to the inverted‐S damage model in the convenience of establishment of critical instability point. The physical meanings of its constants have been illuminated and the applicability of this model to constant and variable amplitude cyclic loading explored. The fitting results for the test data show that this damage model can properly represent the fatigue damage behavior of rock. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bifurcation and generalized mixed loading conditions in geomaterials
Authors: Nicot François , Challamel Noel , Lerbet Jean , Prunier Florent , Darve Félix 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe concept of bifurcation has been widely discussed, based, for example, on homogeneous tests in soil mechanics. Essentially two‐dimensional (axisymmetric) conditions have been considered. This paper aims at deriving a bifurcation criterion in geomechanics, independently of the problem's dimension. This criterion is related to the vanishing of the determinant of the symmetric part of the material's (or the discrete system's) constitutive (or stiffness) matrix. The derivation is essentially based on the notion of loading parameters (controlling the loading). Basically, a bifurcation occurs when the existence of a unique solution to the quasistatic problem, involving a given set of loading parameters, is lost. Interestingly, the criterion is shown to be independent of the choice of loading parameters. As a possible extension, the context of structure mechanics is considered, and the close connection between both soil and structure analysis is discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Truly monolithic algebraic multigrid for fluid–structure interaction
Authors: Gee M. W. , Küttler U. , Wall W. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe coupling of flexible structures to incompressible fluids draws a lot of attention during the last decade. Many different solution schemes have been proposed. In this contribution, we concentrate on the strong coupling fluid–structure interaction by means of monolithic solution schemes. Therein, a Newton–Krylov method is applied to the monolithic set of nonlinear equations. Such schemes require good preconditioning to be efficient. We propose two preconditioners that apply algebraic multigrid techniques to the entire fluid–structure interaction system of equations. The first is based on a standard block Gauss–Seidel approach, where approximate inverses of the individual field blocks are based on a algebraic multigrid hierarchy tailored for the type of the underlying physical problem. The second is based on a monolithic coarsening scheme for the coupled system that makes use of prolongation and restriction projections constructed for the individual fields. The resulting nonsymmetric monolithic algebraic multigrid method therefore involves coupling of the fields on coarse approximations to the problem yielding significantly enhanced performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty quantification via codimension‐one partitioning
Authors: Sullivan T. J. , Topcu U. , McKerns M. , Owhadi H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe consider uncertainty quantification in the context of certification, i.e. showing that the probability of some ‘failure’ event is acceptably small. In this paper, we derive a new method for rigorous uncertainty quantification and conservative certification by combining McDiarmid's inequality with input domain partitioning and a new concentration‐of‐measure inequality. We show that arbitrarily sharp upper bounds on the probability of failure can be obtained by partitioning the input parameter space appropriately; in contrast, the bound provided by McDiarmid's inequality is usually not sharp. We prove an error estimate for the method (Proposition 3.2); we define a codimension‐one recursive partitioning scheme and prove its convergence properties (Theorem 4.1); finally, we apply a new concentration‐of‐measure inequality to give confidence levels when empirical means are used in place of exact ones (Section 5). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.