bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La raza bovina autóctona española Pajuna: Situación actual y programa de recuperación
Authors: Luque A. , Valera M. , Azor P.J. , Goyache F. , Rodero E. , Molina A. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenLa raza bovina Pajuna es una raza autóctona andaluza que está al borde de la extinción. Su aptitud es mixta carne-trabajo y es posiblemente la raza española más rústica, al ser capaz de adaptarse a los medios marginados, aprovechando los escasos recursos de las sierras andaluzas, que no pueden ser utilizados por otras razas más carniceras.El cruzamiento indiscriminado con razas especializadas, la mecanización del campo y la pérdida del hábitat de explotación han llevado esta raza a una situación de inminente desaparición, con sólo 300 animales puros, relegados en la mayoría de los casos a meros vientres para el cruce industrial en vacadas mixtas.En el presente artículo describimos la situación actual y las causas que la han llevado a esta situación, así como las actuaciones de la Asociación de Criadores (GRAPA), creada en el año 2001, dentro de un programa de preservación y recuperación. Estas razones se pueden resumir en la localización de todos los efectivos existentes, el análisis de la estructura demográfica de la población, la actualización de su estándar racial y creación del Libro Genealógico, la caracterización genética, y determinación del nivel de variabilidad intra e interpoblacional a partir del polimorfismo de loci moleculares microsatélites como a través de la variabilidad de la región control del ADN mitocondrial.
Characterization of Punjab Brown chicken
Authors: Vij P.K. , Tantia M.S. , Vijh R.K. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryA survey was conducted in the native tract of the Punjab Brown breed of chicken to study management practices, as well as morphological, performance and egg quality parameters. The study covered the three districts of Gurdaspur district in Punjab, and Ambala and Yamunanagar districts in Haryana, and included 532 birds and 61 families. Twenty-six microsatellite loci were used to assess genetic variability. The Punjab Brown is a multi-purpose breed, yielding good quality meat and eggs. Birds are reared in the backyard system and shelter is provided only during the night in the form of small enclosures mostly made up of mud and sometimes of wood. Average flock size is 8.7. Plumage colour is mostly brown and the pattern is usually solid but is sometimes spotted or striped. Males in particular have black spots/stripes on their neck, wings and tail. The comb is red, of single type and erect in position. The average weight of cocks and hens is 2.15±0.94 and 1.57±0.04 kg respectively. Hens start laying eggs at the age of about five to six months. Clutch size is about four to five. Average egg production is around 60–80 eggs per year. Eggshell colour is mostly light brown and average egg weight is 46.0±1.91g. The average weight of shell, albumin and yolk were 5.4±0.21, 24.4±0.63 and 16.2±0.48g respectively. Yolk index, albumin index and Haugh units were 0.41±0.005, 0.10±0.006 and 82.80±0.98 respectively. A total of 218 alleles were observed. The number of alleles per locus varied from 4–14. The mean PIC value for all the loci was 0.744. Twenty-four loci were found to be neutral (P<0.05) using Ewens Watterson test of neutrality. The exact test revealed that 15 loci deviated from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. The population has not undergone any recent bottleneck as revealed by quantitative and graphical qualitative tests.
Genetic differentiation of Indian camel (Camelus dromedarius) breeds using random oligonucleotide primers
Authors: Mehta S.C. , Mishra B.P. , Sahani M.S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe camel population in India is facing a severe decline which demands that immediate steps are taken to ensure its conservation. Characterisation is an integral part of the conservation program. The Polymerase Chain Reaction-Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA profile of unrelated camels of the Bikaneri (29), Jaisalmeri (30) and Kachchhi (18) breeds were analyzed. Reproducible polymorphic bands with varying frequencies among the three breeds of camel were obtained with five oligonucleotide primers. A total of 75 bands were amplified, of which 27 (36%) were polymorphic. The probability of obtaining identical fingerprints was observed to be the lowest in primer GC-10 (5.7%) followed by OP-08 (8.7%), GT-10 (11.3%), G-2 (15.5%) and G-1 (80%). Breed informative bands were amplified. The maximum genetic variability was observed in the Bikaneri (0.80±0.05) followed by the Kachchhi (0.84±0.06) and the Jaisalmeri (0.87±0.05) breeds. The inter-breed genetic distance estimates indicated a closer relationship in the Bikaneri-Kachchhi camels, (0.075), followed by the Jaisalmeri-Kachchhi (0.106) and Bikaneri-Jaisalmeri (0.132) breeds. A similar genetic relationship was observed when the degree of population subdivision was measured between the Bikaneri-Kachchhi (0.529), Jaisalmeri-Kachchhi (0.558) and Bikaneri-Jaisalmeri (0.566) breeds.
Characterisation and conservation programme of the Alberes cattle breed in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Fina M. , Casellas J. , Tarrés J. , Bartolomé J. , Plaixats J. , Such X. , Jiménez N. , Sánchez A. , Piedrafita J. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Alberes cattle breed is a Catalonian autochthonous bovine population located in the Alberes Massif (north east of Spain), in the eastern extreme of the Pyrenees Mountains, and is well adapted to this zone in which it mainly makes use of forest resources. Cows are small sized and rustic, living under a semi-feral management system with minimal human contact. Traditionally, two coat colour varieties, Black and Fawn, have been described. Nevertheless, in both coat colour types the wild-type allele(E+)of the extension locus predominates. The Alberes breed clusters within the Cantabrian trunk, although some other breeds may also have influenced the population during its history. All of the females are used for replacement and the surplus males are destined for fattening despite their low meat potential. Age at first calving ranges between 3 and 4 years. The 2007 census estimated the number of adult animals at 138 females and 9 males. The Alberes breed is considered as anEndangered Breedaccording to the FAO classification and intends to start anin situminimum kinship conservation programme and also a cryoconservation scheme with embryos and semen.
Genetic diversity among four short stature cattle populations of India
Authors: Tantia M.S. , Vijh R.K. , Mishra B. , Bharani Kumar S.T. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and relationship between four short stature cattle populations of south India - Punganur, Iduki, Kasargod and Vatakara - was studied, using 24 microsatellite loci. A total of 164 alleles were observed. The mean number of alleles per locus was 6.58 with mean observed and expected heterozygosity values of 0.70 and 0.75 respectively. The relative magnitude of gene differentiation (FST) was 6% and was significant except between the Iduki and Kasargod populations. The negative FISvalues obtained for the majority of loci indicated a lack of population structure in the four populations. Both phylogenetic and correspondence analysis exhibited a closeness between Iduki and Kasargod animals. The results indicated that all four populations were outbred and Kasargod and Iduki animals should be considered as one even though these are reared for different purposes.
Basic demographic data — a prerequisite for effective management of animal genetic resources
Authors: Scherf B. , Pilling D. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryDemographic data describe the size, structure and distribution of livestock populations and how these change over time. They are fundamental to determining the risk status of breed populations both on a national and a global scale. Currently, no population data are available for 36 percent of the breeds recorded in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS), and for many other breeds data are updated so infrequently that monitoring trends in risk status is difficult or impossible. Data on the geographical distribution of breeds are also generally inadequate. A baseline survey of the breed population needs to be followed by periodic monitoring. The required frequency of the monitoring activities will depend on the generation interval of the species in question. Data may be collected via breed-level censuses or surveys, or estimated based on species level data. It is important that national decision-making takes account of the global demographics of the breed; a classification system distinguishing breeds present only in one country from those present in several countries has been developed. Much remains to be done to improve the availability of demographic data. Moreover, methods need to be developed that account for the risks of genetic erosion associated with indiscriminate cross-breeding. A further key requirement is the development of methods for representative sampling of national animal populations to allow estimates of their total population size and other demographic data to be obtained in a cost-effective manner.
INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION OF THE CYPRUS MOUFLON (AGRINON) WITH DOMESTIC SHEEP
Authors: mavrogenis A. P. , Herzogi A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYAll interspecific hybrids, both male and female, resulting from crosses between the wild sheep of- Cyprus (known locally as Aqrinon) and domesticated sheep breeds (Ovis aries), Cyprus Fat-tailed (CFT), Chios an Awassi, were found to be fertile.The chromosome complement of both species and of the hybrids was 2n=54. The survival.rate of hybrid lambs up to 105 days of age increased with a higher percentage of domesticated sheep inheritance. F2 hybrids had the lowest survival rate.The birth weight of F1 and first backcross to domestic sheep (B,) lambs was higher than that of F2 and F1 × B1 lambs, but much lower thin that of domesticated sheep.Most of the evidence available suggests that the wild sheep of Cyprus originates from either the European (ovis musimon) or the Asiatic' (Ovis orientalis) mouflon.
EVOLUTION OF FRIESIAN CATTLE POPULATIONS IN SPAIN
Authors: ordófiez V. Calcedo 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYGenetic changes have taken place in the Spanish cattle population as a result of breed replacement and crossbreeding as well as from H61stein-Friesian strain influence. In the last 20 years interest in the Holstein (Canada, and the USA) has increased, so that the North American strain today contributes to a high percentage of the genes in the Spanish Friesian herd. It is not yet clear what effect the introduction of quotas will have on the breed and strain composition of the Spanish dairy population, but in view of the role that Friesian type animals play in beef production, any major change in milk price will affect the genetic make-up. Estimated percentages of Holstein genes (bull catalogue, bulls, genetic evaluation and utilized semen doses) are given.
THE NAKED NECK FOWL
Authors: Bodó I. , Kovics G. , Ludrovszky F. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe genetic value of ancient breeds of livestock is recognized increasingly all over the world. This seems especially important in the case of domestic fowl where hybrids are increasingly dominating everywhere. This paper describes some old Hungarian breeds.Within the species of domestic fowl in Hungary the following breeds should be taken into consideration for preservation: the three colour variants white, yellow and speckled - of improved fowl, already classified as individual breeds called White Hungarian, Yellow Ijungarian and Speckled Hungarian, respectively. The white and speckled breeds both have a naked neck variety too The Transylvanian Naked Neck, although similar to the above variants, is oi different origin.
LA RAZA OVINA LATXA: CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOLÓGICAS Y PRODUCTIVAS. PROGRAMA DE MEJORA GENÉTICA
Authors: Gabiña D. , Urarte E. , Arranz J. , Arrese F. , de Heredia I. Beltrán 
Published: August 2011

RESUMENEn el presente artículo se describen los censos, características morfológicas y sistemas de producción más frecuentes de la raza Latxa, presentándose asimismo los resultados relativos a caracteres de reproducción, de peso y de crecimiento de los corderos y de producción de leche. Finalmente se describen los programas de control lechero y de selección en esta raza.
LA RACE KOURI UNE POPULATION BOVINE EN DANGER D'ABSORPTION
Authors: Bourzat D. , Idriss A. , Zeuh V 
Published: August 2011

RÉSUMÉLe Kouri, une des populations bovines les plus anciennes d'Afrique, est en voie d'extinction, victime de la dégradation de son biotope originel : les îles et polders du Lac Tchad. La logique économique veut que sa faible contribution au produit animal brut des pays de la sous-région ne nécessite pas d'action de conservation ou de relance. Cette race possède pourtant des qualités intéressantes de performances laitières et d'adaptation au milieu, qui devraient inciter les institutions régionales et internationales à mettre en oeuvre un programme de conservation de ce patrimoine génétique origina et unique.
BOVINO CRIOLLO ARGENTINO “PATAGONICO”
Authors: Rodriguez A. , Martinez R. 
Published: August 2011

RESUMENSe describe una población de vacunos asilvestrados en el Parque Nacional “Los Glaciares” en Argentina, en cuanto a su origen, características y plan de conservación. Parte de esa población constituye un hato de raza criolla argentina en estado de pureza. Este biotipo se considera el más austral del mundo y está adaptado a condiciones climáticas muy adversas. Sería relevante su conservación por razones históricas, científicas y presumiblemente económicas.
THE SKOPELOS GOAT BREED OF GREECE
Authors: Pappas B. G. , Boyazoglu J. , Vasiloudis Ch. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn the Northern Sporades islands of the Aegean Sea a goat population isolate exists with an exceptional milk yield potential (225 kg marketed milk from average lactations of 174 days). The prolificacy is 135% and the average adult live weight of the females 56 kg.While the actual purebred “Skopelos” population is estimated at only 8000 goats, the development of recording and a breed selection programme, combined with a necessary conservation policy, should help preserve the breed and assure its development possibilities.
LE MÉRINOS DE RAMBOUILLET
Authors: Fiat L. 
Published: August 2011

RÉSUMÉLe Mérinos de Rambouillet, originaire d'Espagne, a été sélectionné à la Bergerie Nationale pour obtenir une excellente qualité de laine. Des reproducteurs ont été exportés dans le monde entier. Suite à la baisse des cours de la laine, la race a subi un déclin. Elle se limite actuellement à 200 têtes, toutes localisées à Rambouillet, avec un taux de consanguinité de 54 p. cent. Pour sauvegarder la race, des embryons ont été congelés et peuvent être réimplantés. Dans l'avenir, des descendants de reproducteurs exportés pendant les décennies précédentes pourraient être réintroduits afin de redonner de la vigueur à la race.
MORTALITY PATTERNS IN GIR CROSSES
Authors: Kale K. M. , Mandakmale S. D. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn this short note a comparison is made between the Gir and its dairy crosses (Holstein Friesian, Jersey, Brown Swiss), with special reference to mortality of the females, up to the age of two years. Crossbreeding the Gir resulted in higher mortality rates that decreased with age.
EL CERDO IBERICO Y SU SISTEMA DE PRODUCCION
Authors: Rodrigáñez J. , Silió L. , Rillo S. Martin 
Published: August 2011

RESUMENEl cerdo ibérico constituye la población más amplia entre las pertenecientes al tipo mediterráneo y se mantiene en el S. W. de la Península Ibérica con un sistema productivo estrechamente ligado al medio natural. En los últimos años ha experimentado un auge asociado al establecimiento de un mercado propio para sus productos. Aunque el número de cabezas sea aparentemente considerable, la alta proporción de los cruzamientos con Duroc hace peligrar la supervivencia de algunas de sus variedades. En este trabajo se describen las características de la raza y de sus particulares sistemas de producción tanto en el campo como en la industria, así como la estructura de la población en relación con los problemas de su conservación.
CONSERVATION OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES IN THE USSR
Authors: ‘Dmitriev N.G 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYMany valuable local breeds of farm animals in the USSR have either been lost or are in an endangered state. Concern about this loss of gene resources has led to the inclusion of a genetic resources programme in the overall state plan for the genetic improvement of livestock. It includes programmes for live animal conservation and setting up of gene banks. The former activity is carried out in special state gene pool farms, one for each geographical zone, where 500 purebred cows are maintained under a rotational outbred system of mating. Semen banks of most local breeds of livestock have also been established at animal husbandry institutes. Current research emphasis is on long term embryo storage and establishment of banks of somatic cells of local breeds.
INTRODUCING THE FIRST WORLD WATCH LIST FOR DOMESTIC ANIMAL DIVERSITY
Authors: oftus Ronan I. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe recently published World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity (WWL-DAD) provides the first comprehensive list of endangered livestock breeds worldwide (FAO/LTNEP 1993). This document will function as a global early warning system to help prevent the erosion of livestock genetic resources. Seven species are covered, namely ass, buffalo, cattle, goat, horse, pig and sheep. Within these species, breeds at risk are defined as critical (The Critical Breeds List) or endangered (The Endangered Breeds List) based on the number of breeding females. Although the statistics for these seven species are still incomplete at the time of going to press, over 390 breeds are already known to be at risk.
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT AND GERMPLASM CONSERVATION FOR QUALITY
Authors: Matassino D. , Moioli B.M. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYBiological diversity is the main measure of genetic evolution; it links to the state of genetic polymorphism as influenced by envirornmental changes and modulates the speed of transferring genetic information. The authors concentrate in this note on the importance of the contribution of indigenous animal genetic resources when addressing the complex and economically most important problem of the intrinsic quality of products of animal origin, with special reference to regional/local specificity.
Genetics of disease resistance inBos tauruscattle
Authors: Morris C.A. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThis review summarises evidence for genetic variation ofBos tauruscattle to diseases encountered under temperate conditions, including internal and external parasitism, susceptibility to mycotoxic diseases (tall fescue toxicosis, facial eczema, ryegrass staggers), mastitis, ketosis, pasture bloat, leukosis, tuberculosis, foot and mouth, brucellosis and BSE. Averaging mean heritability estimates reviewed from 8 diseases (weighted equally) gave a value of 0.21, indicating that measurable genetic variation for disease traits inBos tauruscattle is somewhat less than that for production traits, such as milk yield or body weight. Many estimates, however, have high standard errors, and there could be an upward bias resulting from non-reporting of zero or non-significant estimates.Few single-trait selection experiments have been conducted to study the genetics of disease resistance traits in cattle. For the disease traits where selection is being applied extensively, index selection for improved disease resistance and increased production is more common than single-trait selection. Results from a long-term (25 year) divergent selection experiment with resistance/susceptibility to pasture bloat in cattle in New Zealand are reviewed. Four single-year experiments comparing progeny of ‘high’ versus ‘low’ sires for resistance to disease are also reviewed, one in Australia studying faecal nematode egg counts, one in the USA involving the mycotoxic disease, tall fescue toxicosis, a third in New Zealand involving the mycotoxic disease, facial eczema, and a fourth in the USA involvingBrucella abortus.
Red Iberoamericana sobre la conservación de la biodiversidad de los animales domésticos locales para el desarrollo rural sostenible (CYTED. XII-H)
Authors: Delgado J.V. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenEn este documento se presenta una red temática latinoamericana con financiación del Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED), dedicada a la conservación de los recursos genéticos de los animales domésticos, al estudio de los sistemas de explotación tradicionales, as í como las repercusiones sociales y ecológicas de estos recursos, además de la evaluación de sus posibilidades en el desarrollo rural sostenible de los países implicados.En esta red participan mas de 140 investigadores de 16 equipos multidisciplinares ubicados en 9 países Latinoamericanos (México, Brasil, Bolivia, Argentina, Venezuela, Uruguay, Cuba, Portugal y España).Se presentan los objetivos de la red y las actividades realizadas junto con las acciones planeadas para el futuro.
The role of Rare Breeds International as a global organization for the conservation of farm animal genetic resources
Authors: Alderson L. , Ramsey K. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryRare Breeds International (RBI) is the global non-governmental organization (NGO) concerned with the conservation of animal genetic resources (AnGR). It works in conjunction with FAO and with other organizations associated with livestock production. RBI members form a grassroots network that is rich in experience and knowledge of native breeds and affiliated national organizations maintain a valuable database of AnGR. Information is disseminated through major international conferences which are held at intervals of three years and through annual regional meetings. The cumulative expertise of the RBI membership facilitates a wide variety of projects, which range from policy interaction with governmental agencies to emergency rescue action and breeding programmes for relic breeds. RBI communicates mainly through publication of proceedings of major conferences and also by dedicated and linked websites.
Development of a Regional Focal Point for animal genetic resources: the European example
Authors: Planchenault D. , Ollivier L. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThis paper describes the process that lead to the creation of the European Regional Focal Point (ERFP). The action was suggested by the FAO Global Strategy (1995) aimed to assist countries to stop animal diversity erosion by helping them with a better use and preservation of their livestock resources.In 1997, France accepted the responsibility of developing an ERFP though its Bureau des Ressources Génétiques (BRG). During the first year, the ERFP held meaningful discussions with the different European countries with the objective of finding a general agreement for an organisational structure as well as a medium-term work programme. The following step was settled during the Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production (EAAP) in Warsaw where it was agreed that the new body had to have a light structure and respect national sovereignty regarding the AnGR.In February 2000, following a difficult internal debate involving the establishment of a basic strategy and further steps, an enquiry was launched among the National Coordinators in order to have an overall picture and to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed organisation to be established. In 2000 during the 6th Workshop of the European NCs, the ERFP was created.The new structure is based ona) an Annual Meeting of National Focal Points;b) a Steering Committee; andc) a Secretariat to be elected among the National Focal Points to serve for a limited period.