bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blutungsneigung durch Ginkgo‐biloba‐Extrakt? Kontroverse Diskussion
Authors: Kloft Charlotte , Kellermann Andrea 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSeit der Einführung des standardisierten Ginkgo‐biloba‐Extrakts wird vereinzelt ein Zusammenhang mit unerwartet auftretenden Blutungen während der Anwendung vermutet. Trotz zahlreicher Publikationen ist eine Auswertung aufgrund unterschiedlicher Qualität und Ergebnisse der veröffentlichten Literatur schwierig. Die Auswertung von 18 Studien in einer systematischen Übersichtsarbeit zeigt keinen direkten oder indirekten Einfluss auf die sekundäre Hämostase. Jedoch wird die Blutviskosität signifikant verringert – dies hat einen positiven Effekt auf die Durchblutung. Inwieweit dieser Effekt bei speziellen Patientengruppen weitere Auswirkungen hat, muss zukünftig untersucht werden. In diesen Untersuchungen sollten verstärkt pharmakoepidemiologische Verfahren, wie systematische Übersichtsarbeiten und Meta‐Analysen, in Betracht gezogen werden, um aussagekräftige Ergebnisse zu erhalten.
High‐throughput ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry quantitation of insulin‐like growth factor‐I and leucine‐rich α‐2‐glycoprotein in serum as biomarkers of recombinant human growth hormone administration
Authors: Kay R. G. , Barton C. , Velloso C. P. , Brown P. R. , Bartlett C. , Blazevich A. J. , Godfrey R. J. , Goldspink G. , Rees R. , Ball G. R. , Cowan D. A. , Harridge S. D. , Roberts J. , Teale P. , Creaser C. S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) is a known biomarker of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) abuse, and is also used clinically to confirm acromegaly. The protein leucine‐rich α‐2‐glycoprotein (LRG) was recently identified as a putative biomarker of rhGH administration. The combination of an ACN depletion method and a 5‐min ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (uHPLC/MS/MS)‐based selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay detected both IGF‐I and LRG at endogenous concentrations. Four eight‐point standard addition curves of IGF‐I (16–2000 ng/mL) demonstrated good linearity (r2 = 0.9991 and coefficients of variance (CVs) <13%). Serum samples from two rhGH administrations were extracted and their uHPLC/MS/MS‐derived IGF‐I concentrations correlated well against immunochemistry‐derived values. Combining IGF‐I and LRG data improved the separation of treated and placebo states compared with IGF‐I alone, further strengthening the hypothesis that LRG is a biomarker of rhGH administration. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) analysis of the LRG and IGF‐I data demonstrated an improved model over that developed using IGF‐I alone, with a predictive accuracy of 97%, specificity of 96% and sensitivity of 100%. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis gave an AUC value of 0.98. This study demonstrates the first large scale and high throughput uHPLC/MS/MS‐based quantitation of a medium abundance protein (IGF‐I) in human serum. Furthermore, the data we have presented for the quantitative analysis of IGF‐I suggest that, in this case, monitoring a single SRM transition to a trypsin peptide surrogate is a valid approach to protein quantitation by LC/MS/MS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of novel hydrolysis products of carbapenems by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Cuirong , Wu Jianmei , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCarbapenems, including meropenem and imipenem, exhibit low stability against acid or base reagents. The fragmentation behavior of meropenem and its acid hydrolysis products was investigated by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and ion trap tandem multi‐stage mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion mode. Only one neutral loss of CO2 was observed from the precursor ion to the MS4 product ions for the acid hydrolysis product and this behavior did not correspond to that expected for the previously accepted 1‐pyrroline or 2‐pyrroline structure with two carbonyl acid units. The unknown product was then proposed to be 2‐(4‐(5‐(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin‐3‐ylthio)‐5‐imino‐3‐methyl‐6‐oxotetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐yl)‐3‐hydroxybutanoic acid on the basis of the multi‐stage mass spectrometric and accurate mass data. A similar acid hydrolysis product of imipenem was also identified by mass spectrometry, confirming that these carbapenems had the same acid hydrolysis behavior. The proposed structures were further confirmed by NMR experiments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of macro and microhabitat use of two rodent species in relation to agricultural practices
Authors: Hodara Karina , Busch María 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHabitat selection may reflect the location of the home ranges or the allocation of shelter and foraging sites within a given habitat. We studied seasonal patterns of habitat use by Akodon azarae and Calomys laucha at two spatial scales: between maize fields and their weedy edges (macrohabitats), and associations of rodents captures with vegetation variables at the trap site level (microhabitats). We evaluated if the different habitat uses were related to disturbances generated by practices associated to maize cycle. A. azarae used mainly field edges, but it showed an increased use of maize fields when the crop reached maturity in summer. Contrarily, C. laucha used maize fields in a higher proportion than edges in all seasons. C. laucha was more influenced by microhabitat characteristics than A. azarae. C. laucha was present in sites with abundant dicot weeds when maize was growing up, while it was associated to sites with weeds with scarce cover in stubble maize fields. Before harvesting, both species were segregated at the microscale within maize fields. A. azarae was related to sites with high availability of green plant cover and C. laucha occupied low‐quality sites, probably attributed to differences in their diets. We conclude that the pattern of habitat use by both species is best predicted at the macrohabitat scale, and when they are impoverished and present internal heterogeneity, there is selection at microhabitat scale of those better sites. While A. azarae responds to changes in vegetation cover and habitat structure associated to agricultural practices, C. laucha uses cropfields in an opportunistic way, affected by interspecific competition.
Effects of Triglyceride Molecular Structure on Optimum Formulation of Surfactant‐Oil‐Water Systems
Authors: Phan Tri T. , Harwell Jeffrey H. , Sabatini David A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe effects of triglyceride molecular structure on the formulation of surfactant‐oil‐water systems were evaluated by comparing the optimum salinity and the dynamic interfacial tensions. The systems contained an anionic extended surfactant and triglyceride oils with different chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation. The results show that with an increasing degree of oil unsaturation (more double bonds), surfactant interactions with the triglycerides become weaker, thus requiring higher optimum salinity and resulting in higher interfacial tension values. Effects of ester groups and chain length of triglycerides are also discussed and the EACN of the triglycerides and vegetable oils studied are reported.
Lipid‐Soluble Extracts as the Main Source of Anticancer Activity in Ginseng and Ginseng Marc
Authors: Lee Sung Dong , Yoo Guijae , Chae Hee Jeong , In Man‐Jin , Oh Nam‐Soon , Hwang Yoon Kyung , Hwang Woo Ik , Kim Dong Chung 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe anticancer activity of ginseng originated mainly from lipid‐soluble components. The hexane extract of ginseng marc (HEGM) showed a potent inhibitory activity on human hepatoma (HepG2, GI50 = 41.7 μg/ml) and breast (MCF‐7, GI50 = 54.4 μg/ml) cancer cell proliferation in vitro in a concentration‐dependent manner as did the hexane extract of ginseng (HEG), with GI50 values of 21.1 μg/ml in HepG2 and 41.2 μg/ml in MCF‐7. The water extract of ginseng (WEG) possessed a low anticancer activity against both cancer cell lines, but the hexane‐soluble fraction of WEG (HSF/WEG) showed a potent anticancer activity against HepG2 (GI50 = 38.7 μg/ml) and MCF‐7 cells (GI50 = 51.1 μg/ml). The hexane extraction in ginseng was a very promising protocol for the maximum recovery of the anticancer active components in high concentrations. Also the adoption of hexane extraction after water extraction of ginseng was successful in the effective utilization of the residual lipid‐soluble anticancer active components in ginseng marc.
Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents
Authors: Huver Rose M.E. , Otten Roy , de Vries Hein , Engels Rutger C.M.E. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTSince parental personality traits are assumed to play a role in parenting behaviors, the current study examined the relation between parental personality and parenting style among 688 Dutch parents of adolescents in the SMILE study. The study assessed Big Five personality traits and derived parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and uninvolved) from scores on the underlying dimensions of support and strict control. Regression analyses were used to determine which personality traits were associated with parenting dimensions and styles. As regards dimensions, the two aspects of personality reflecting interpersonal interactions (extraversion and agreeableness) were related to supportiveness. Emotional stability was associated with lower strict control. As regards parenting styles, extraverted, agreeable, and less emotionally stable individuals were most likely to be authoritative parents. Conscientiousness and openness did not relate to general parenting, but might be associated with more content‐specific acts of parenting.
Targeting apoptosis in the hormone‐ and drug‐resistant prostate cancer cell line, DU‐145, by gossypol/zoledronic acid combination
Authors: Sanli U.A. , Gorumlu G. , Erten C. , Gul M.K. , Cengiz E. , Kucukzeybek Y. , Karaca B. , Atmaca H. , Uzunoglu S. , Karabulut B. , Uslu R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPossible synergistic cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of gossypol with zoledronic acid on DU‐145 cells were explored, along with the rationale behind any observed synergism due to the different apoptotic proteins involved. XTT cell proliferation assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity, and DNA fragmentation and caspase 3/7 activity were measured to verify apoptosis. Human Apoptosis Array was used to evaluate apoptotic proteins. The synergistic cytotoxic combination treatment had a versatile effect on apoptotic proteins, through inhibition of anti‐apoptotic proteins (including cIAP‐1, cIAP‐2, survivin, livin, claspin, p53, p21, PON‐2 and heat shock proteins) and concurrently the induction of pro‐apoptotic proteins (Bad, Bax, Fas, FADD, cleaved caspase‐3 and p27). Both drugs had a minimal toxicity profile comparing to cytotoxic agents. Combination treatments targeting many pivotal apoptosis‐related proteins may be a rationale option for treatment of prostate cancer.
Hawthorn extract reduces infarct volume and improves neurological score by reducing oxidative stress in rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Elango Chinnasamy , Jayachandaran Kasevan Sawaminathan , Niranjali Devaraj S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn our present investigation the neuroprotective effect of alcoholic extract of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha) was evaluated against middle cerebral artery occlusion induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were pretreated with 100 mg/kg body weight of the extract by oral gavage for 15 days. The middle cerebral artery was then occluded for 75 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. The pretreated rats showed significantly improved neurological behavior with reduced brain infarct when compared to vehicle control rats. The glutathione level in brain was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) low in vehicle control rats after 24 h of reperfusion when compared to sham operated animals. However, in Hawthorn extract pretreated rats the levels were found to be close to that of sham. Malondialdehyde levels in brain of sham and pretreated group were found to be significantly lower than the non‐treated vehicle group (p < 0.05). The nitric oxide levels in brain were measured and found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in vehicle than in sham or extract treated rats.Conclusion: Our results suggest that Hawthorn extract which is a well known prophylactic for cardiac conditions may very well protect the brain against ischemia–reperfusion. The reduced brain damage and improved neurological behavior after 24 h of reperfusion in Hawthorn extract pretreated group may be attributed to its antioxidant property which restores glutathione levels, circumvents the increase in lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels thereby reducing peroxynitrite formation and free radical induced brain damage.
A surgical window to access the obliterated posterior cul‐de‐sac at vaginal hysterectomy
Authors: Sheth Shirish S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo perform vaginal hysterectomy and adnexectomy without laparoscopic assistance in women with ovarian endometriosis by accessing the posterior cul‐de‐sac via the posterior uterocervical–broad ligament space.MethodThe author identified the posterior uterocervical–broad ligament space as a surgical window while reviewing his experience at accessing the pouch of Douglas in 40 women in whom vaginal hysterectomy without laparoscopic assistance was performed for ovarian endometriosis. He then used this window in 102 women to remove the adnexa vaginally during vaginal hysterectomy, also without laparoscopy.ResultsThis new technique was successful in 98 women, with no major complications, but 4 of the first 50 required laparotomy to complete the surgery.ConclusionThis new approach allows experienced surgeons to treat women with endometrial ovarian cysts by removing the adnexa vaginally during vaginal hysterectomy without laparoscopy, and complete the surgery abdominally or laparoscopically when necessary.
Effect of prenatal and perinatal antibiotics on maternal health in Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia
Authors: Aboud Said , Msamanga Gernard , Read Jennifer S. , Wang Lei , Mfalila Chelu , Sharma Usha , Martinson Francis , Taha Taha E. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the effect of prenatal and peripartum antibiotics on maternal morbidity and mortality among HIV‐infected and uninfected women.MethodsA multicenter trial was conducted at clinical sites in 4 Sub‐Saharan African cities: Blantyre and Lilongwe, Malawi; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; and Lusaka, Zambia. A total of 1558 HIV‐infected and 271 uninfected pregnant women who were eligible to receive both the prenatal and peripartum antibiotic/placebo regimens were enrolled. Pregnant women were interviewed at 20–24 weeks of gestation and a physical examination was performed. Women were randomized to receive either antibiotics or placebo. At the 26–30 week visit, participants were given antibiotics or placebo to be taken every 4 hours beginning at the onset of labor and continuing after delivery 3 times a day until a 1‐week course was completed. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the antibiotic and placebo groups for medical conditions, obstetric complications, physical examination findings, puerperal sepsis, and death in either the HIV‐infected or the uninfected cohort.ConclusionAdministration of study antibiotics during pregnancy had no effect on maternal morbidity and mortality among HIV‐infected and uninfected pregnant women.
Defining Molecular Phenotypes of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Weinberger Paul M. , Yu Ziwei , Kountourakis Panteleimon , Sasaki Clarence , Haffty Bruce G. , Kowalski Diane , Merkley Mark A. , Rimm David L. , Camp Robert L. , Psyrri Amanda 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to determine if oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) classified into three groups based on human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA presence and p16 expression display different protein expression patterns.STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGA laboratory‐based study of patients with OSCC treated at a tertiary care academic medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSParaffin‐embedded OSCC specimens from 77 patients classified into the three‐class model (HPV negative, HPV inactive [HPV16+/p16–], and HPV active [HPV16+/p16 +]) were queried for the expression of 14 tumor progression proteins using AQUA (HistoRx, New Haven CT). Protein expression between groups was assessed by analysis of variance. Global expression patterns were determined by unsupervised hierarchical clustering.RESULTSThere were significant differences in expression of β‐catenin (P = 0.009), epidermal growth factor receptor (P = 0.009), and vascular endothelial growth factor (P = 0.028) between groups. HPV‐active tumors had overexpression of β‐catenin. Hierarchical clustering showed HPV‐negative and HPV‐inactive tumors displayed association patterns distinct from HPV‐active tumors.CONCLUSIONSTumors classified by HPV DNA presence and p16 expression have different molecular phenotypes. This is the first demonstration of overexpression of β‐catenin (also found in HPV‐caused cervical cancer) in HPV‐active OSCC. HPV‐active OSCC may share a similar ontogeny to HPV‐caused cervical cancer.
Thyroid Cancer Incidentally Found in Radical Surgery for Laryngeal/Hypopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Shih Chien , Wang Cheng‐Ping , Lou Pei‐Jen , Hu Ya‐Ling , Yang Tsung‐Lin , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Lee Shiann‐Yann 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVESTo report on four patients with thyroid cancer found in their specimen of laryngectomy for laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancer.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective case series.SETTINGPatients with laryngeal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancers treated at our institution between 1991 and 2005 were enrolled.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThere were 463 patients with laryngeal cancer and 219 patients with hypopharyngeal cancers under retrospective review.RESULTSThere were 254 patients with laryngeal caner and 130 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer receiving surgery. Thyroid cancer was observed in the resected thyroid gland in two cases of laryngeal cancer and in two cases of hypopharyngeal cancer. They received treatment only for their laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancers. Two patients died of distant metastases from larynx/hypopharynx cancer within one year. The other two patients are currently alive without disease from either of the two types of cancer.CONCLUSIONSIt is rare to discover an unexpected simultaneous thyroid cancer confirmed postoperatively from thyroid tissue partially removed in laryngectomy. A conservative approach is suggested for such patients.
Tonsillolith
Authors: Stoodley Paul , deBeer Dirk , Longwell Mark , Nistico Laura , Hall‐Stoodley Luanne , Wenig Bruce , Krespi Yosef P. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVETo study the morphology and activity of tonsilloliths, demonstrating oxygen respiration, denitrification, and acidification on exposure to sucrose.STUDY DESIGNTonsilloliths were extracted in atraumatic conditions during tonsillectomy from 16 adults and sent to two different laboratories for histological, bacteriological, and biofilm studies under sterile conditions.SETTINGMulticenter laboratory study.SUBJECTS AND METHODSMultiple tonsilloliths from two patients examined by confocal microscopy and microelectrodes were used to measure aerobic/anaerobic respiration and acid production (dissolved oxygen, nitrous oxide, pH) when exposed to saliva following addition of sucrose and fluoride.RESULTSMorphologically, tonsilloliths were similar to dental biofilms, containing corncob structures, filaments, and cocci. Microelectrodes showed that the microorganisms respired oxygen and nitrate. The oxygen concentration in the center of the tonsillolith was depleted to approximately one‐tenth of that of the overlying fluid. The addition of sucrose resulted in acid production within the tonsillolith, dropping the pH from 7.3 to 5.8. The data showed stratification with oxygen respiration at the outer layer of tonsillolith, denitrification toward the middle, and acidification toward the bottom. The depletion of oxygen and acid production following addition of sucrose may allow the proliferation of anaerobic/acidophilic bacteria. Fluoride suppressed acid production in the presence of sucrose.CONCLUSIONSTonsilloliths exhibit biofilm structure and the formation of chemical gradients through physiological activity. Although tonsillectomy is an option for treating cryptic infections, understanding the morphology and biofilm characteristics of tonsilloliths may stimulate scientists to use limited or targeted remedies in the future.
Endoscopic Partial Supraglottic Laryngectomies
Authors: Remacle Marc , Lawson Georges , Hantzakos Anastasios , Jamart Jacques 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate long‐term results of endoscopic surgery for supraglottic carcinoma.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary care university hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFrom 1992 to 2004, 45 patients diagnosed with supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma (two Tis, nine T1N0, 27 T2N0, two T2N1, one T2N2, four T3N0) underwent different types of endoscopic supraglottic laryngectomies according to the European Laryngological Society (ELS) classification: three limited excision (type I); 27 medial without resection of the preepiglottic space (type IIb); one medial with resection of the preepiglottic space (type IIIa); three medial with resection of the preepiglottic space (type IIIb); nine lateral (type IVa); two lateral (type IVb).RESULTSOverall survival was 93 ± 4 percent (SE) after three years and 89 ± 6 percent (SE) after five years. The median follow‐up is 3.7 years. Patients with clinically N0 necks were found to have positive nodes in eight (19%) cases. Two cases of postoperative hemorrhage were controlled by electrocautery. All of the patients without previous treatment for larynx cancer regained swallowing function within five days to three weeks after surgery. Mean duration of hospitalization was 12.5 days.CONCLUSIONEndoscopic partial laryngectomies, as defined by the ELS classification, for selected supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma proved to be an excellent alternative to radiotherapy and open neck surgery.
Quantitative assessment of precipitation seasonality and summer surface wetness using ombrotrophic sediments from an Arctic Norwegian peatland
Authors: Nichols Jonathan E. , Walcott Marie , Bradley Raymond , Pilcher Jon , Huang Yongsong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSeasonality of precipitation is an important yet elusive climate parameter in paleoclimatological reconstructions. This parameter can be inferred qualitatively from pollen and other paleoecological methods, but is difficult to assess quantitatively. Here, we have assessed seasonality of precipitation and summer surface wetness using compound specific hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of vascular plant leaf waxes and Sphagnum biomarkers extracted from the sediments of an ombrotrophic peatland, Bøstad Bog, Nordland, Norway. Our reconstructed precipitation seasonality and surface wetness are consistent with regional vegetation reconstructions. During the early Holocene, 11.5–7.5 ka, Fennoscandia experienced a cool, moist climate. The middle Holocene, 7.5–5.5 ka, was warm and dry, transitioning towards cooler and wetter conditions from the mid-Holocene to the present. Changes in seasonality of precipitation during the Holocene show significant coherence with changes in sea surface temperature in the Norwegian Sea, with higher SST corresponding to greater percentage of winter precipitation. Both high SST in the Norwegian Sea and increased moisture delivery to northern Europe during winter are correlated with a strong gradient between the subpolar low and subtropical high over the North Atlantic (positive North Atlantic Oscillation).