bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune Functions of Veal Calves fed low Amounts of Iron*
Authors: GYGAX M. , HIRNI H. , WAHLEN R. Z. , LAZARY S. , BLUM J.W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryImmune functions were studied in male calves fed milk replacer (MR) containing 10 or 50 mg iron (Fe)/kg. Calves fed 10 mg Fe/kg MR developed marked hypoferremia and anemia, whereas serum‐Fe and haemoglobin concentration of calves fed 50 mg Fe/kg MR were normal. Growth performance was reduced, while feed/gain ratio, incidence of infections (especially pneumonias), febrile body temperatures and antibiotic treatments were higher in calves fed 10 than 50 mg Fe/kg MR (p<0.05). Whereas antibody production (to horse erythrocytes) and lymphocyte stimulation (by mitogens) were not significantly altered, cell‐mediated immunity (measured as cutaneous delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction to dinitrofluoro‐benzene), number of neutrophils with phagocytic capacity, activity of the Fe‐containing enzyme myeloperoxidase, blood serum IgG concentration and the number and diameter of germinal centres as a measure of the number and production of B‐cells in cervical superficial lymphnodes in calves fed 10 mg Fe/kg MR were reduced when compared with calves fed 50 mg Fe/kg MR (p<0.05). In conclusion, severe Fe deficiency caused reduced growth performance, associated with and partly due to higher incidence of infections because of defective immune reactions.
Acute Metabolic and Hormonal Effects of Intravenously Administered Sodium n‐Butyrate in Untreated and Alloxan‐Diabetic Sheep
Authors: GÜRTLER H. , GÁLFI P. , FÜRLL M. , NEOGRÁDY S. , KUTAS F. , SCHÄFER M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryExperimental diabetes was induced in 4 wethers of the Mutton Merino breed by intravenous injection of alloxan (75 mg · kg−1) in order to determine its impact on plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, D‐(‐)‐3‐hydroxybuty‐rate (D‐3‐HB), bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) as well as on the changes of these parameters brought about by an intravenous infusion of sodium n‐butyrate (1 mmol · kg−1).Alloxan administration caused a significant elevation of plasma glucose, FFA, triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, D‐3‐HB and bilirubin and a decrease of the level of immunoreactive insulin. The increase in glucose level brought about by a bolus injection of sodium n‐butyrate in untreated sheep did not appear in alloxanized animals. Thus, it is suggested that the lack of hyperglycaemic response in diabetic sheep was due to the absence of liver glycogen stores. Unexpectedly in alloxan‐diabetic sheep, a decrease in the plasma level of FFA occurred after the administration of sodium n‐butyrate. Therefore, it may be assumed that beside insulin other factors may contribute to the decrease of FFA under these conditions.
Bone Lesions of Multiple Myeloma in Three Dogs
Authors: MAEDA H. , OZAKI K. , ABE T. , MATSUI H. , SANO M. , NARAMA I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThree cases of canine multiple myeloma that showed monoclonal IgA gammopathy and bone lesions were examined. One dog was associated with Bence‐Jones proteinuria as well. Radiographic examination revealed extensive skeletal involvement of flat bones such as scapula, pelvic bone, costa, and epiphysis of long bones where the hematopoiesis was active throughout the life. Histopathologically, small osteolytic lesions occurred from periosteum and Haversian canal as well as endosteum, and larger lesions were formed by gradual expansion or fusion of small lesions. Osteolytic lesions did not necessarily involve tumor growth, explaining the inconsistent confirmation of tumor cells in biopsy specimens for diagnosis of multiple myeloma and suggesting the possible mechanism for osteolysis by some other humoral factors.
Physiologische Hypothermie der Katzenwelpen bis zur 6. Lebenswoche
Authors: MÄHLER M. , RIEDESEL H. , GÄRTNER K. , MÖRSTEDT R. , IGLAUER F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPhysiological hypothermia in kittens during the first 6 weeks of lifeKittens showed a physiological hypothermia until they were 6 weeks of age. In the first 3 weeks of age rectal temperature was constantly low (37.6 ± 0.3 °C). A linear increase of rectal temperature followed from the fourth to the sixth week of age inclusively and from the seventh week on rectal temperature reached the final temperature level (38.4 ± 0.3 °C). This finding has to be considered in clinical assessment of kittens' body temperature.ZusammenfassungKatzenwelpen zeigten bis zur 6. Lebenswoche eine physiologische Hypothermie: In den ersten 3 Lebenswochen war die Rektaltemperatur konstant niedrig (37,6 ± 0,3 °C), von der 4. bis zur 6. Lebenswoche einschließlich erfolgte ein linearer Anstieg der Rektaltemperatur und ab der 7. Woche erreichte die Rektaltemperatur das endgültige Temperaturniveau (38,4 ± 0,3 °C).Dieser Befund ist bei der klinischen Beurteilung der Körpertemperatur von Katzenwelpen zu berücksichtigen.
Observation of Duodenal Bile Shuttle in the Sheep
Authors: BAINTNER K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRelation between duodenal anatomy and function was studied in cannulated sheep. It was concluded that during the interperistaltic periods, gravitational backflow of bile and admixed pancreatic juice towards the pylorus may provide a means for desorption of enterokinase from the mucosal surface of the cranial duodenum. The biliary back and forth (“bile shuttle”) may contribute to the utilization of duodenal enterokinase.
Fate of the Antinutritive Proteins of Soyabean in the Ovine Gut
Authors: BAINTNER K. , FARNINGHAM D.A.H. , BRUCE L.A. , MACRAE J.C. , PUSZTAI A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDefatted raw soyabean flour was administered intraruminally at a level of 10 g/kg body weight to a sheep fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas. Soyabean lectin and trypsin inhibitor appeared in the duodenum within one hour, both reached the terminal ileum and disappeared within 24 hours. The passage of the lectin along the gut progressively lagged behind that of the inhibitor, which indicates that the lectin binds to the intestinal surface. The effect of the inhibitors was neutralized by a marked pancreatic hypersecretion. Contrary to earlier assumptions, the antinutritional proteins were not effectively degraded in the forestomachs.
Perianal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Goats
Authors: YERUHAM I. , NYSKA A. , ORGAD U. , WANER T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the perianal skin of aged female Sannen crossbred goats are described. The occurrence of a tumour in this specific location is very rare, and the presence of the identical tumour in two animals of the same herd is unusual.
Supplements of Cod Liver Oil to Lactating Sows. Influence on Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Growth Performance of Piglets
Authors: TAUGBØL O. , FRAMSTAD T. , SAAREM K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwelve sows received a supplement of 50 ml cod liver oil, without vitamin A and D, daily from day 107 of gestation until weaning. Eight sows served as control. A milk sample was obtained from each sow at parturition and on day 14 of lactation. The piglets were weighed at birth, on days 7, 14 and on the day of weaning. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n‐3) (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n‐3) (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid; (22:5, n‐3) (DPA) were found in milk fat from all sows. At parturition the contents of EPA, DPA and DHA were significantly higher in the group given cod liver oil supplement. After 2 weeks of lactation only EPA and DHA were elevated compared with the non‐supplemented group. No effect on weight gain or on the overall morbidity of the piglets was found. The animal health in this farm was very good, and the growth rate faster than the average for Norwegian pigs.
Physical Performance of Veal Calves during Chronic Iron Deficiency Anaemia and after Acute Iron Overload1
Authors: LINDT F. , BLUM J.W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTreadmill experiments were performed with calves fed milkreplacer (MR) containing 8, 18, 52, or 86 mg of iron (Fe)/kg during the fattening period. Calves walked at 1 m/s for 10 min and then recovered for 15 min. Calves fed 8 and 18 mg of Fe/kg of MR developed severe hypoferraemia and anaemia whereas plasma (PFe) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, erythrocyte number (EC) and packed cell volume (PCV) in calves fed 52 and 86 mg of Fe/kg of MR were normal. PFe did not change, whereas Hb, EC, PCV, and blood lactate, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), respiratory minute volume (VE), fractional oxygen extraction rate (FO2) and O2consumption (VO2) rapidly increased during walking, and then decreased during recovery. Hb, EC, PCV, partial O2pressure of blood, FO2, and VO2were lower, whereas HR, RR, respiratory exchange rate (RER) and blood lactate were higher in calves fed lowest as compared with those fed highest amounts of Fe, while these traits usually were intermediate in other groups. Calves fed 8 mg of Fe/kg of MR were in addition iv injected with FeOH for 3 d before walking. PFe, but not Hb, EC, and PCV, was drastically rised by FeOH. During walking, merely VO2was improved, but only slightly. In conclusion, adjustments in calves with severe Fe deficiency anaemia were markedly impaired, and barely improved by acute elevation of PFe.
Treadmill Exercise of Calves with Different Iron Supply, Husbandry, and Work Load
Authors: PIGUET M. , BRUCKMAIER R.M. , BLUM J.W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryExperiments were designed to study physiological responses of male veal calves to treadmill exercise, dependent on iron intake (20, 35, and 50 mg of iron/kg of milk powder, respectively). Calves were fattened from 75 to 180 kg BW and were either restrained or could freely move on straw litter. The ADG and feed utilization as well as haemoglobin and the plasma iron concentration were positively influenced by iron intake (P ≤ 0.05). At the end of the fattening period, calves walked on a treadmill at 0.8, 1.1, or 1.3 m/s for 15 min. Resting values of all cardiorespiratory parameters were similar in all groups. During exercise, heart rate, respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume, and oxygen consumption increased and after 3 min reached steady‐state values, which depended on work load. The except was respiratory rate (which reached a maximum already at the lowest speed) and oxygen extraction rate (which remained at basal level during exercise, but in part decreased after walking). In calves fed the least amount of iron, hence with the lowest haemoglobin concentrations, oxygen consumption was lower than in other groups. In addition, cortisol concentrations increased most markedly during exercise in calves fed the least amount of iron.
Effects of Concurrent Oral Administration of Toxic Levels of Monensin and Lead on Concentration of Different Elements in the Liver of Broiler Chicks
Authors: KHAN M. Z. , SZAREK J. , MARKIEWICZ K. , MARKIEWICZ E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMonensin and lead, separately or concurrently, were orally administered to broiler chicks at different toxic levels. Monensin slightly increased the selenium and profoundly increased the lead and iron levels of liver. Lead also increased the level of iron in liver. Levels of lead and iron in liver tissue further increased when monensin and lead were administered concurrently. An increased mortality was recorded due to concurrent administration of monensin and lead during acute toxicosis but during subacute toxicosis body weights were higher in birds administered monensin and lead concurrently than those given these substances separately.
Mitogenic Effect of Lymph, Amniotic and Allantoic Fluid in Bovine Fetal Myoblasts
Authors: ORZECHOWSKI A. , BLACHOWSKI S. , MOTYL T. , INTEREWICZ BOŻENA 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAmniotic and allantoic fluids, as well as afferent lymph (tissue fluid), stimulated DNA synthesis in bovine fetal myoblasts (BFM) at low concentrations (5%). Higher doses abolished the mitostimulatory effect of these fluids and led toward inhibition of [3H]mTdR incorporation into DNA. These effects were much more evident (particularly in the case of amniotic fluid) when fluids were lyophylized prior to the experiment. BFM protein synthesis was accelerated by lymph in a dose dependent manner.
Effect of a Booster Vaccination against Influenza and Equine Herpes Virus on Cardio‐Respiratory Adjustments to Strenuous Exercise and Training in Thoroughbred Horses
Authors: ART TATIANA , LEKEUX P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study was conducted in order to assess whether exercise‐ and training‐induced cardiorespiratory adjustments are modified during the 10‐day period which follows a booster vaccination with an oily adjuvanted inactivated vaccine against influenza and equine herpesvirus‐1 (Equiffa®).Nine healthy vaccinated thoroughbred horses were used. Six were revaccinated and three were kept as control. All the horses completed a standardised exercise test (SET) that was repeated 4 times, i.e. 10 (SET1) and 2 (SET2) days before revaccination, and 2 (SET3) and 10 (SET4) days after re‐vaccination. During the whole experimental period the horses were trained 6 days per week according to an interval training schedule.Respiratory airflow, tidal volume, respiratory rate and expired minute volume (V̇E) were measured using a face mask and 2 ultra‐sonic pneumotachographs. The oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2) were obtained on a breath‐by‐breath basis, using a mass spectrometer. Heart rate (HR) was continuously measured with a polar horse tester. Venous blood was sampled before and after die test and analysed for biochemical determinations. Blood was also sampled before and 21 days after the booster vaccination for circulating antibody titration.The peak V̇O2, V̇CO2, ventilatory equivalent (V̇E/V̇O2) and oxygen pulse (V̇O2/HR) were significantly improved by the 3‐week training period. The other cardio‐respiratory parameters as well as most of the blood parameters remained unchanged throughout the 4 SETs. The revaccination did not impair any of the parameters measured before, during, or after the SETs.All revaccinated horses showed a rise in antibodies against influenza virus type A1 and A2 and EVH‐1 compared to the control horses.It was concluded that, in our horses, revaccination with an oily adjuvanted inactived vaccine against influenza and EVH‐1 did not impair their cardiorespiratory and metabolic adjustments to strenuous exercise and intense training, and that the seroconversion due to revaccination was unaffected by the intense daily exercise experienced by the animals in the post‐vaccination period.
Effect of Various Neurotransmitters and Electrical Field Stimulation on Smooth Muscle Preparations from the Esophagus of Horses
Authors: DENAC M. , BEBIÉ P. , SCHARRER E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of various neurotransmitters and electrical field stimulation on muscle strips from the distal equine esophagus were studied. Acetylcholine (ACH) caused concentration dependent (1.1–55 · 10−6mol/l) contractions of the longitudinal and circular muscle strips from the distal esophagus as well as from the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Atropine (10−5mol/l) blocked these contractions. Noradrenaline (NA) induced concentration related (1.1–55 · 10−6mol/l) contractions of the muscle strips from the LES. This excitatory effect of noradrenaline was antagonized by the α1‐receptor antagonist prazosin. Tetrodotoxin (5 · 10−6mol/l) did not affect the contractile response of the muscle strips to noradrenaline (55 · 10−6mol/l). Noradrenaline (1.1–55 · 10−6mol/l) had no excitatory effect on the circular and the longitudinal muscle strips from the esophagus. Furthermore, noradrenaline induced a concentration dependent (1.1–55 · 10−6mol/l) relaxation of the longitudinal muscle strips from the esophagus. The relaxing effect of NA was antagonized by the β‐receptor antagonist propranolol (10−5mol/l). Histamine (10−7‐10−6mol/l) elicited a contraction in 4 out of 18 muscle preparations from the LES. The histamine induced contractions were partly antagonized by the H1‐receptor antagonist clemastine (10−4mol/l) and fully abolished by the H2‐receptor antagonist clemastine (10−4mol/l). Electrical field stimulation (EFS, 5 Hz, 2 ms; 500 mA; 10 Hz, 2 ms; 500 mA) produced tetrodotoxin sensitive contractions in all three types of muscle strips. Atropine (10−5mol/l) fully suppressed these contractions in most preparations. Prazosin (10−4mol/l) had no effect on the contractions produced by EFS. Substance P (1–5.5 · 10−6mol/l) serotonin (10−6‐10−4mol/l) cholecystokinin (10−5‐106mol/l), and VIP (10−8‐5 · 10−7mol/l) did not produce any effect on all three types of muscle strips. These results suggest that aceylcholine is the most important excitatory transmitter in the distal equine esophagus.
An Outbreak of Enterotoxaemia in Suckling Camels
Authors: SANOUSI S. M. EL , GAMEEL A.A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn outbreak of enterotoxaemia was observed for the first time in suckling camels in Saudi Arabia. The animals were weak, diarrhoeic and succumbed quickly to exertion. The main pathological findings were those of acute catarrhal enteritis and acute myocardial degeneration.Clostridium perfringenswas isolated from the enteric lesions;Aeromonas hydrophilawas also identified. The properties of both isolates were studied.
Evaluation of an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Free Thyroxine in Canine Plasma Samples Assisted by Data on Biological Variation
Authors: JENSEN A. L. , HØIER R. , PEDERSEN H.D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate a commercially avaliable enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of the free thyroxine (FT4) concentration in canine plasma samples. The test kit Enzymun‐Test®(Boehringer Mannheim) determination of FT4 concentrations in human serum and plasma was used in connection with the analyzer Enzymun‐Test®(Boehringer Mannheim) System ES‐33 by following the assay protocol suggested by the manufacturer. To assist in the evaluation of the ELISA method, goals for the precision of the assay were established from the inter‐ and intraindividual coefficients of variation estimated from determination of the plasma FT4 concentration in blood samples collected weekly from 8 healthy dogs for a period of 4 weeks. The intra‐ and interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 6% to 13%, the proposed goals for the precision ranging between 10% and 15%. The detection limit of the assay was 2 pmol/l which is well below the FT4 concentration commonly observed in plasma from dogs, and the FT4 concentrations determined in plasma from healthy dogs were comparable to those reported in the literature. Hence, the ELISA method evaluated in this study offers a precise and accurate measurement of the FT4 concentration in canine plasma samples, the inter‐ and intraassay precision comparing favorably to the proposed specffications for assay precision using estimates of the inter‐and intraindividual coefficients of variation.
The Influence of Storage Time on the Nucleotide Concentration of Canine Platelets
Authors: GÄBLER JUTTA , NOLTE I. , SCHEINER‐BOBIS K. , EIGENBRODT E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNucleotide concentrations of canine platelets during storage for 50 days were determined to find out the variation in the concentration of various nucleotides in canine platelets during storage at + 4 °C for 50 days.Platelets of 3 dogs were stored in whole blood in PVC bags containing CPDA‐1 stabilizer. The bags were kept at 4 °C for 50 days. Changes in the energy metabolism of the platelets during storage were determined by successive measurements of the following nucleotides: adenosine‐diphosphate (ADP), adenosine‐tri‐phosphate (ATP) and guanosine‐tri‐phosphate (GTP). In preparation for the measurement of their nucleotide content, the platelets were isolated from the blood at regular intervals and their membranes destroyed by deep freezing, thawing, double sonification in ice and protein precipitation with perchloric acid.The concentration of nucleotides within the platelets was determined by “High Pressure Liquid Chromatography” (HPLC). ADP, ATP and GTP were identified in the peak areas of the HPLC using 3 different techniques: comparison of retention time of standard nucleotide solutions as control samples, enzyme tests and thin layer chromatography. Adenosine‐mono‐phosphate (AMP), adenosine, hypoxanthine and inosine mono 5‘‐phosphate (IMP) were not found in dog platelets.Platelet ATP concentration decreased significantly during 50 days of storage (p < 0.001), and was reduced to 24% of the concentration measured after 1 hour of storage on day 50. ADP concentration also dropped significantly during 50 days of storage (p < 0.001). On day 50 the average ADP concentration was reduced to about 34% of the concentration measured after 1 hour of storage. The greatest reduction was observed in GTP concentration (p < 0.001): after 50 days the GTP concentration was only 5% of the concentration measured after 1 hour of storage.In freshly drawn blood samples, the average ATP/ADP‐ratio was 1.7 and the average ATP/GTP‐ratio was 5.5. In all 3 dogs the ATP/ADP‐ratios reached their lowest values between the 36th and 43rd day of storage, at which time the ratios were clearly below 1. After this time the ATP/ADP‐ratios increased and were bigger than 1 after 50 days (an average of 75% of the values measured after 1 hour of storage). During storage the GTP concentration decreased much faster than the ATP concentration. On day 50 the ATP/GTP‐ratio was 33.3.Our results indicate in concordance with the literature, that below a certain energy level, the platelets lose their functions and concentrate on surviving by saving energy for their metabolism.
The Relationship between Cycle Stage and Results of Uterine Culture in the Mare
Authors: WAELCHLI R. O. , KÄNZIG M. , GYGAX A. , CORBOZ L. , RÜSCH P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 368 uterine swabs were taken from mares in heat (n = 202) and from mares that were not in heat (n = 166). From 72 of the mares, two swabs were taken; one during either seasonal anoestrus or dioestrus, and one during oestrus. Swabs were taken during anoestrus/dioestrus in 94 other mares and during oestrus in the remaining 130 mares. Bacteriological cultures were done aerobically and classified as negative, insignificant or significant. There was a trend for more positive cytological specimens during oestrus than during anoestrus/dioestrus. The proportions of significant cultures were 12 of 202 (5.9%) in oestrous mares and 14 of 166 (8.4%) in anoestrous/dioestrous mares. Generally more insignificant than negative cultures were obtained during oestrus compared to anoestrus/dioestrus. Seven of 27 cultures that were classified as significant were associated with positive cytological specimens, and only 2 of 16 specimens that yielded pure cultures ofE. colicontained neutrophils. Although the culture results did not differ significantly between the cycle stages, oestrus should be the preferred time for uterine examination.
Trisomy 22 in a calf
Authors: AGERHOLM J. S. , CHRISTENSEN K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA case of trisomy 22 in a newborn calf is described. Previously, this anomaly has only been identified in one calf. The calf had several defects including brachygnathia superior, malformation of septum nasi and conchae, and an interventricular septal defect. Chromosome analysis was performed on cultured blood lymphocytes, and in all counted metaphases 61 chromosomes were present. The extra chromosome was identified as a chromosome 22 by R‐banding.