bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing turbulent wind-fields using inverse-distance-weighting interpolation and measurements from a pulsed mounted-hub lidar
Authors: Soto Sagredo Esperanza , Hannesdóttir Ásta , Rinker Jennifer M. , Courtney Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study evaluates a numerical multi-beam pulsed lidar mounted on the hub of the NREL 5MW reference wind turbine using the HAWC2 v13.1 numerical sensor for synthetic lidar measurement generation. While initially designed for single-beam operations, it facilitates multi-beam configuration simulations. We conducted an analysis of full-rotor longitudinal wind speed reconstruction by combining inverse-distance-weighting with synthetic sensor data from HAWC2. Utilizing a Mann-generated turbulence box for wind input at U = 11.4 m/s, we examined three lidar configurations for efficacy. The hub-mounted lidar proved efficient in capturing the incoming flow towards the turbine, showing a 60% improvement in overall reconstruction accuracy across the plane compared to the baseline, where hublidar measurements are simple average across the rotor plane. The rotor average wind speed showed a 30% enhancement compared to the baseline. Crucially, the lidar configuration, which impacted the spatial distribution across the rotor plane, emerged as a pivotal factor for effective reconstruction. Proper configuration assessment is essential, especially given the implications of rotational sampling and its impact under various wind conditions, for optimal performance. The proposed method, combining inverse-distance weighting with hub-lidar data for high spatial resolution measurements across the rotor plane, shows significant potential for real-time windflow estimation and lidar-assisted control applications.
Influence of wind gusts on aeroelastic loads of NREL 5MW wind turbine
Authors: Paul Manelil Neeraj , Nicolaas Theron Johannes , Höning Leo , Stoevesandt Bernhard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study employs blade-resolved computational fluid dynamics simulations to investigate the aero-elastic loads on a yawed NREL 5MW wind turbine subject to full and partial wind gusts. A novel spatial gust representation, tailored towards application to large eddy simulations, is introduced. This methodology permits the injection of gusts with customizable spatial dimensions inside the flow domain. Simulations are conducted with gusts having the same diameter as the turbine rotor, half rotor diameter, and asymmetric impact with respect to the center of rotation of the turbine. Simulations of the turbine under yawed conditions are also considered. The flow characteristics are reported using contours and iso-surfaces of velocity magnitude and Q-criteria. Insights into the load characteristics of the turbine are described using torque, thrust, and root bending moments. This research highlights that partial gust impact contributes to noteworthy load fluctuations and blade tip deformations, stemming from the imbalance in force distribution across the rotor plane.
Assessing aerodynamic influences on offshore foundation design for large wind farms
Authors: Wen K Z , Dehtyriov D , Byrne B W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An evaluation of the impact of aerodynamic interactions on offshore wind turbine (OWT) monopile design in large wind farms is presented. The interactions between turbines within a wind farm, and between the atmosphere and the entire wind-farm, act to reduce the mean effective loads across the farm. This reduction impacts the operational performance of OWT foundations in two notable ways: a decrease in turbine structural loads which affects design to serviceability limit state and a shift in excitation frequencies of the passing blades which impacts fatigue performance. To assess the implications on monopile design, we conduct static and dynamic analyses using a 1-D finite element model (FEM). We show that the farmatmosphere interaction effect leads to marked reduction in monopile lengths between ∼ 5 − 25% across an entire wind farm. The dynamic analysis reveals a competing balance between shifting frequency bands and reduced wind loads on the fatigue response. The monopile design is found to be strongly dependent on wind farm size and ratio of wind to wave loading, with wave loading coupled to the farm-atmosphere interaction effect. Exploiting these interactions plays a pivotal role in reducing the levelised cost of wind energy and ensuring robust design of OWTs.
Cultivating Eco-Friendly Nanomaterials: Mimosa Pudica-Enhanced Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Health and Environmental Well-being
Authors: Prashanth G.K. , Rao Srilatha , Gadewar Manoj , Lalithamba H.S. , Mahadeva Swamy M. , Sowmyashree A.S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, we report the development of ZnO NPs by using environmentally friendly SCS using Mimosa pudica (MP) leaves. The obtained ZnO-MP-NPs were subjected to extensive characterization techniques such as PXRD, BET, SEM, & TEM. Further, ZnO-MP-NPs were evaluated for their antioxidant ability by DPPH method. Their anticancer capability was assessed by MTT assay on human breast cancer cell ine MCF-7. The results indicated the potential applications of ZnO-MP-NPs both as antioxidant and anticancer agents.
Impact force attenuation capabilities of elastomer, springs and their combination
Authors: ThejeshKumar P , RaviKumar L. , Raghu Yogaraju  
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In various engineering applications like automotive safety, structural engineering, and industrial machinery, mitigating impact forces is of at most importance to protect structures, equipment and most importantly, human lives. Understanding the impact force attenuation capabilities of dampers, springs, and their combination is crucial. Dampers like elastomers are known for their exceptional ability to absorb and dissipate energy due to their visco-elastic properties. Spring on the other hand, store and release mechanical energy when compressed, offering a different approach to impact forces attenuation. Study is experimental and parametric in nature, where different damping materials like elastomers, polystyrene & foam are individually and in combination with springs of different stiffness are tested for their impact energy absorption capabilities. Tests are conducted in a dedicated test rig, wherein specimen is kept on a rigid plate which intern mounted on a peizo-electric load sensor and weights are dropped from same heights and force transmitted with time of travel is measured for each specimen and compared. Results revealed that the energy absorbed by springs is around 30% individually, which is less compared to dampers and, the combination of damper & springs. In conclusion the specimen with combination of damper & springs has high potential in absorbing impact force.
Analysis of a refrigeration system using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) lubricant and a combination of R290/R600 refrigerants
Authors: Babarinde T.O , Madyira D.M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A combination of R290/R600 refrigerants with low global warming and zero ozone-depleting potential refrigerant was tested with a based lubricant and CNTs nanolubricant in a refrigeration system to improve its performance efficiency and minimise the environmental impact of refrigerants and energy demand by refrigeration systems. CNTs-nanolubricant, an alternative lubricant for the refrigeration system, was made by dispersing CNTs in the based lubricant. By connecting measuring devices at each system component, temperatures and pressures were determined. The experiment’s measured outputs were used to determine the system’s performance. When compared to a 290/600 in the based lubricant, CNTs nanolubricant showed a reduction in work input ranging from 39.8%, a shorter pulldown time, a lower evaporator temperature, an increased coefficient of performance (COP), and a higher cooling capacity of 9.1%. Therefore, the lubricant made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) presents a viable substitute for based lubricant in a vapour compression system.
Optical Properties of Gd2O3 with Silver doped Zinc Borate Glasses
Authors: Shwetha K M , Eraiah B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Glasses with chemical composition ZnO-B2O3-Gd2O3-Ag2O were prepared using melt quenching method. The synthesized glass was characterized using X-ray diffraction method. The densities of these glasses were measured using the Archimedes method, and the corresponding molar volumes were calculated using the corresponding formula. Absorption spectra were recorded using a UV-visible spectrometer. The energy bandgap was investigated using the Tauc’s diagram. The variation of band gap energy in relation to Gd2O3 concentration has been discussed. Study the structure and functional groups of the prepared samples were studied using FTIR spectra. Emission and excitation spectra were recorded using a luminescence spectrometer. Photoluminescence spectra provides stable blue light emission in rich in Gd2+ ions glass, Color coordination has also been decided using CIE chromaticity diagram and showing that blue emission was observed in all samples with slightly different positions.
A study of continuous double diffusive convection of binary liquid in an alloy form by employing Lapwood-Brinkman model with cross diffusion effect.
Authors: Satisha M , Pranesha Setty A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study the effect of DuFour and Soret on linear double diffusive convection of binary liquid in a two dimensional rectangular channel filled with anisotropy porous material using Lapwood-brinkman model with cross diffusion effect. Darcy model without a time derivative is used in the momentum equation. Linear stability assessment is used to investigate the walls of channels that are heated and salted from below due to Soret and DuFour effects. The anisotropic parameters, the solute Rayleigh number, and the impacts of Soret and DuFour on the onset of convection are examined and same is plotted graphically.
Ligin-derived graphene-like ultrathin carbon materials for ORR catalysis
Authors: Liu Wenting , Wu Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Low-cost nitrogen-doped carbon materials with graphene-like structures were designed and prepared from extensive renewable biomass waste lignin. The obtained carbon materials exhibited well-designed ultrathin two-dimensional structures with high specific area and mesoporous characteristics. Benefiting from the well-designed structures with extensive catalytic active sites and efficient mass transfer and diffusion, as well as the modified electronic characteristics from nitrogen doping, the lignin-derived carbon materials exhibited pronounced ORR catalytic activity and methanol tolerance. Considering these, the lignin-derived carbon materials hold great application potentials as ORR catalysts and catalyst supports.
Effects of strain induced martensite on high temperature electrochemical performance of 321 stainless steel in the simulated PWR first circuit environment
Authors: Li Dongxing , Cao Han , Gao Junxuan , Zheng Quan , Zhang Peng , Zhong Weihua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The electrochemical properties of 321 stainless steel with different cold strains in simulated PWR first circuit environment were studied mainly by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that with the increase of strain (0, 20%), the charge transfer resistance increases and the film resistance decreases. By combining the electrochemical experiments and microscopic characterization results of different specimens, including solution annealed, cold worked and hot worked, it is found that the charge transfer resistance increases with the increase of deformation degree, the increase of strain induced martensite content enriches Cr in the oxide layer, but with the decreased material corrosion resistance.
Color-changing Fluorescent Carbon Dots Synthesized by Simple Hydrothermal Method for Anti-counterfeiting Pattern Study
Authors: Chen Qidan , Xu Youyi , Sun Maolin , Zang Xinyao , Qiu Jinglan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A simple hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize the carbon dots with dopamine hydrochloride used as the mainly carbon source and o-phenylenediamine as the nitrogen source. In the study, the fluorescent carbon dots which have good water solubility and alcohol solubility showed visible pink under daylight and orange under UV after purification by column chromatography, and dichloromethane: methanol (v: v =20:1) was selected as the separation solvents. Meanwhile, the pink fluorescent carbon dots (λmax =595 nm under 577 nm excitation) was observed that it can be changed to bright yellow (λmax =530 nm under 442 nm excitation), the conditions of different stocked solvents and time were explored in detail. The IR spectra for the pink carbon dots indicated its color-changing property due to the unsatisfaction group of its chemical structure. For UV and fluorescence characterization, the quantum yield of pink carbon dots is ∼11.0%. In addition, the application of color-changing carbon dots as anti-counterfeiting ink for high-quality anti-counterfeit patterns on paper was investigated, and the preliminary results showed good potential of the prepared carbon dots as effective and eco-friendly anti-counterfeiting materials.
A Surface Composition Study of Niobium after BCP for SRF Cavity in Particle Accelerator
Authors: Luo Didi , Wang Changlin , Pan Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nitrogen contamination from post-processing significantly affects the performance of niobium superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities. Therefore, several performance-boosting strategies, including nitrogen doping, infusion and chemical acid reactions, have been explored in various studies. Among these studies, some secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) results showed that nitrogen contamination exists on the niobium surface after the buffered chemical polishing (BCP) process. However, the compositions of these nitrogen byproducts were hard to detect. In this work, we calculated the chemical reaction process by the density function theory (DFT), predicted the reaction product, and then analyzed the Nb sample surface after BCP with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the composition of these contaminations.
Numerical experiments on scalar transport and mixing in turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Boga Gabriele , Giancola Alfonso , Cimarelli Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present numerical experiments aimed at dynamically establishing the separate role of the inner and outer cycles on the scalar transport in the configuration of a temporally evolving boundary layer. The experiments are based on the study of the evolution of passive scalars driven by velocity fields where inner and outer cycles are alternately suppressed. Two different approaches are implemented. In the first, the discrimination between inner and outer cycle activities is based on the scale dimension of the involved motions. The second instead, discriminates on the basis of the distance from the wall of the turbulent motions. The two approaches depict the same scenario. Both the inner and outer cycles appear to be autonomous and, in a sense, independent, since their dynamics remain qualitatively unaltered despite facing two different conditions. The outer cycle faces a free boundary at the top and simply rescales according to what is supplied by the inner cycle. The inner cycle, on the other hand, resides between the wall and the outer region. As a result, the reduction of the scalar fluxes in the outer region due to the suppression of the outer cycle causes a damping in the near-wall region activities.
Spectral analysis of the correlation between temperature and wall-normal velocity in Rayleigh-Bénard convection at moderate Rayleigh numbers
Authors: Lee Myoungkyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection holds significant scientific and engineering implications, with one of the most debated topics in convection research being the ultimate scaling of the Nusselt number at extremely high Rayleigh numbers. A widely adopted method for investigating this issue is direct numerical simulation (DNS); however, achieving the ultimate Rayleigh number with DNS can be prohibitively expensive. To overcome this limitation, one approach is to employ a small simulation domain size for high Rayleigh number cases. This study explores the impact of simulation domain size by conducting DNS with a large geometrical aspect ratio. Specifically, we perform spectral analysis on the covariance of wall-normal velocity and temperature, along with its transport equations. The results reveal that the characteristic length scale in the intermediate length-scale region linearly increases with wall-normal distance. Moreover, the spectral analysis indicates that large-scale structures play a crucial role in the dynamics of the covariance of wall-normal velocity and temperature. However, the study suggests that these large-scale structures have a minimal impact on the scaling of the Nusselt number. This is attributed to the fact that large-scale structures remain in regions away from the wall, and no processes transfer them from large to small-scale structures. As a consequence, the dynamics of the covariance of wall-normal velocity and temperature in the close vicinity of the wall experience little influence from large-scale dynamics.
Coherent structures in elastic turbulent planar jets
Authors: Amor Christian , Corrochano Adrián , Rota Giulio Foggi , Rosti Marco Edoardo , Clainche Soledad Le 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
At low Reynolds numbers, the flow of a Newtonian planar jet remains laminar, thus easy to characterize. In contrast, the presence of elasticity (e.g., attained dissolving polymers in a Newtonian solvent) enables a highly-complex turbulent-like behavior termed elastic turbulence. In this work, we run data-driven modal decomposition algorithms on high-fidelity data collected from the simulation of an elastic turbulent planar jet. The large-scale motions are expressed as a finite expansion of modes that condense the dominant dynamics. The modes associated with lower frequencies weight the most on the reconstruction of the original data, thus they are further decomposed in space to investigate their implications on the sustainment of the elastic turbulent state. Our findings suggest that slower dynamics are crucial for the sustainment of elastic turbulence, which is connected to the interaction of spanwise-coherent structures, steady in space, with spanwise-periodic traveling waves, causing the breakdown of the structures close to the inlet.
Active flow control of a turbulent separation bubble through deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Font Bernat , Alcántara-Ávila Francisco , Rabault Jean , Vinuesa Ricardo , Lehmkuhl Oriol 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The control efficacy of classical periodic forcing and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is assessed for a turbulent separation bubble (TSB) at Reτ
= 180 on the upstream region before separation occurs. The TSB can resemble a separation phenomenon naturally arising in wings, and a successful reduction of the TSB can have practical implications in the reduction of the aviation carbon footprint. We find that the classical zero-net-mas-flux (ZNMF) periodic control is able to reduce the TSB by 15.7%. On the other hand, the DRL-based control achieves 25.3% reduction and provides a smoother control strategy while also being ZNMF. To the best of our knowledge, the current test case is the highest Reynolds-number flow that has been successfully controlled using DRL to this date. In future work, these results will be scaled to well-resolved large-eddy simulation grids. Furthermore, we provide details of our open-source CFD–DRL framework suited for the next generation of exascale computing machines.
Elucidating optimal nanohole structures for suppressing phonon transport in nanomeshes
Authors: Cui Haoran , Ma Tengfei , Wang Yan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nanomeshes, often referred to as phononic crystals, have been extensively explored for their unique properties, including phonon coherence and ultralow thermal conductivity (κ). However, experimental demonstrations of phonon coherence are rare and indirect, often relying on comparison with numerical modeling. Notably, a significant aspect of phonon coherence, namely the disorder-induced reduction in κ observed in superlattices, has yet to be experimentally demonstrated. In this study, through atomistic modeling and spectral analysis, we systematically investigate and compare phonon transport behaviors in graphene nanomeshes, characterized by 1D line-like hole boundaries, and silicon nanomeshes, featuring 2D surface-like hole boundaries, while considering various forms of hole boundary roughness. Our findings highlight that to demonstrate a disorder-induced reduction in κ of nanomeshes, optimal conditions include low temperature, smooth and planar hole boundaries, and the utilization of thick films composed of 3D materials.
Synthesis of composite films for ZnO-based memristors with superior stability
Authors: Cao Boyu , Liu Hongxin , Li Tong , Gong Jixin , Zhang Sijie , Dove Martin T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Memristors have unique non-volatile characteristics that potentially can emulate biological synapses for applications in neural computing systems. However, the random formation of conductive filaments in these devices can cause various unreliability problems. In this work, films of a composite of ZnO nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes were prepared as functional layers for memristors by an in-situ growing strategy (ZnO@CNT-IS) using a straightforward high-temperature annealing treatment. This approach allowed for the formation of a high-quality films with uniform loading of ZnO nanoparticles on the carbon nanotubes, which contributed to a lower formation energy for oxygen vacancies and increased electron transfer rate. As a result, the memristors exhibited faster switching response speed, lower power consumption, and a stabilised switching ratio even after 2000 switching cycles. Based on the analog switching behaviour, the ZnO@CNT-IS-based devices showed significant biological synapse functions and plasticity, indicating their potential for high-density storage and neuromorphic computing.