bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collection methods and distribution modeling for Strepsiptera in the United States
Authors: Millena Rebecca Jean A , Eichert Anna , Ware Jessica L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The twisted-wing parasite order (Strepsiptera Kirby, 1813) is difficult to study due to the complexity of strepsipteran life histories, small body sizes, and a lack of accessible distribution data for most species. Here, we present a review of the strepsipteran species known from New York State. We also demonstrate successful collection methods and a survey of species carried out in an old-growth deciduous forest dominated by native New York species (Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, NY) and a private site in the Catskill Mountains (Shandaken, NY). Additionally, we model suitable habitats for Strepsiptera in the United States with species distribution modeling. We base our models on host distribution and climatic variables to inform predictions of where these twisted-wing parasites are likely to be found. This work provides a useful reference for the future collection of Strepsiptera.
Recurrent ventricular tachycardia in a patient with A19D mutation-associated hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a case report
Authors: Bois Tanguy , Lee K Charlotte , L’Official Guillaume , Donal Erwan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous literature suggests that patients with transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) experience a high burden of ventricular arrhythmias. Despite this evidence, optimal strategies for arrhythmia prevention and treatment remain subject to debate.

Case summary
We report the case of a patient with hereditary ATTR cardiomyopathy who developed recurrent ventricular tachycardia prior to a decline in his left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Although he ultimately received an intracardiac device (ICD) for secondary prevention of ventricular tachycardia, his clinical course begets the question of whether more aggressive arrhythmia prevention upfront could have prevented his global functional decline.

Discussion
Given the advent of new disease-modifying therapies for ATTR, it is imperative to reconsider antiarrhythmic strategies in these patients. New decision tools are needed to decide what additional parameters (beyond LVEF ≤ 35%) may warrant ICD placement for primary prevention of ventricular arrhythmias in these patients.
The Relative Brauer Group of K(1)-Local Spectra
Authors: Mor Itamar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Using profinite Galois descent, we compute the Brauer group of the $K(1)$-local category relative to Morava E-theory. At odd primes this group is generated by a cyclic algebra formed using any primitive $(p-1)$st root of unity, but at the prime two is a group of order $32$ with nontrivial extensions; we give explicit descriptions of the generators, and consider their images in the Brauer group of $KO$. Along the way, we compute the relative Brauer group of completed $KO$, using the étale locally trivial Brauer group of Antieau, Meier and Stojanoska.
How personnel diversity and affective bonds affect performance-based financing: a moderator analysis of a difference-in-difference estimator
Authors: Tsuei Sian Hsiang-Te , Kerrissey Michaela June , Bauhoff Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To spur improvement in health-care service quality and quantity, performance-based financing (PBF) is an increasingly common policy tool, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study examines how personnel diversity and affective bonds in primary care clinics affect their ability to improve care quality in PBF arrangements. Leveraging data from a large-scale matched PBF intervention in Tajikistan including 208 primary care clinics, we examined how measures of personnel diversity (position and tenure variety) and affective bonds (mutual support and group pride) were associated with changes in the level and variability of clinical knowledge (diagnostic accuracy of 878 clinical vignettes) and care processes (completion of checklist items in 2485 instances of direct observations). We interacted the explanatory variables with exposure to PBF in cluster-robust, linear regressions to assess how these explanatory variables moderated the PBF treatment’s association with clinical knowledge and care process improvements. Providers and facilities with higher group pride exhibited higher care process improvement (greater checklist item completion and lower variability of items completed). Personnel diversity and mutual support showed little significant associations with the outcomes. Organizational features of clinics exposed to PBF may help explain variation in outcomes and warrant further research and intervention in practice to identify and test opportunities to leverage them. Group pride may strengthen clinics’ ability to improve care quality in PBF arrangements. Improving health-care facilities’ pride may be an affordable and effective way to enhance health-care organization adaptation.
RefAI: a GPT-powered retrieval-augmented generative tool for biomedical literature recommendation and summarization
Authors: Li Yiming , Zhao Jeff , Li Manqi , Dang Yifang , Yu Evan , Li Jianfu , Sun Zenan , Hussein Usama , Wen Jianguo , Abdelhameed Ahmed M , Mai Junhua , Li Shenduo , Yu Yue , Hu Xinyue , Yang Daowei , Feng Jingna , Li Zehan , He Jianping , Tao Wei , Duan Tiehang , Lou Yanyan , Li Fang , Tao Cui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Precise literature recommendation and summarization are crucial for biomedical professionals. While the latest iteration of generative pretrained transformer (GPT) incorporates 2 distinct modes—real-time search and pretrained model utilization—it encounters challenges in dealing with these tasks. Specifically, the real-time search can pinpoint some relevant articles but occasionally provides fabricated papers, whereas the pretrained model excels in generating well-structured summaries but struggles to cite specific sources. In response, this study introduces RefAI, an innovative retrieval-augmented generative tool designed to synergize the strengths of large language models (LLMs) while overcoming their limitations.

Materials and Methods
RefAI utilized PubMed for systematic literature retrieval, employed a novel multivariable algorithm for article recommendation, and leveraged GPT-4 turbo for summarization. Ten queries under 2 prevalent topics (“cancer immunotherapy and target therapy” and “LLMs in medicine”) were chosen as use cases and 3 established counterparts (ChatGPT-4, ScholarAI, and Gemini) as our baselines. The evaluation was conducted by 10 domain experts through standard statistical analyses for performance comparison.

Results
The overall performance of RefAI surpassed that of the baselines across 5 evaluated dimensions—relevance and quality for literature recommendation, accuracy, comprehensiveness, and reference integration for summarization, with the majority exhibiting statistically significant improvements (P-values &lt;.05).

Discussion
RefAI demonstrated substantial improvements in literature recommendation and summarization over existing tools, addressing issues like fabricated papers, metadata inaccuracies, restricted recommendations, and poor reference integration.

Conclusion
By augmenting LLM with external resources and a novel ranking algorithm, RefAI is uniquely capable of recommending high-quality literature and generating well-structured summaries, holding the potential to meet the critical needs of biomedical professionals in navigating and synthesizing vast amounts of scientific literature.
Redefinition and revision of Ser Rathbun, 1931 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pilumnidae)
Authors: Ng Peter K L , Wong Kingsley J H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The taxonomy of the setose brachyuran crabs Ser fukiensisRathbun, 1931 and Litocheira amoyensisGordon, 1930, both described based on material from Fujian, China, have been poorly understood for decades.. The monotypic genus SerRathbun, 1931 had been placed under Carcinoplacinae H. Milne Edwards, 1852 and Rhizopinae Stimpson, 1858 by subsequent authors. Examining type lots of both species and recently acquired material, we find the holotype of L. amoyensis is an immature male but this name represents a senior synonym of Ser fukiensis. The genus Ser is re-diagnosed and hereby placed under Pilumninae Samouelle, 1819. It is here considered to contain three species: the type species, Ser fukiensis (= S. amoyensiscomb. nov.); S. sasekumari (Serène, 1971) comb. nov.; and S. mikawaensis (Sakai, 1969) comb. nov.. Comparisons are made between Ser and morphologically similar genera: RhizopoidesNg, 1987, CryptocoelomaMiers, 1884, PseudolitochiraWard, 1942, BossacarcinusŠtevčić, 2011, and HeteropilumnusDe Man, 1895. It is also apparent that Heteropilumnus is a morphologically heterogeneous group, and that its type species, H. stormiDe Man, 1895, is quite distinct from other species currently included in the genus. We discuss the implications of this finding, especially as it pertains to Ser.
Corruption and Collusion in Public Procurement: Opportunities, Incentives, and Harm Caused
Authors: Anderson Robert D , Jones Alison , Kovacic William E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the factors that render public procurement processes vulnerable to corruption and collusion. It also introduces cases, surveys, and other evidence indicating that not only are public procurement processes intrinsically vulnerable to this conduct, but they are in fact frequent targets of corrupt and anti-competitive schemes, at huge cost to society as a whole. By identifying the incentives and opportunities for corruption and collusion, it provides the foundations for understanding how measures to counter them should be designed. By highlighting the prevalence and generic nature of the problem, as well as its harmful consequences (economic and non-economic), the chapter also underscores the importance of combatting such conduct and the financial and other benefits that can be reaped from so doing.
Brazil: Lessons from Operation Car Wash
Authors: Anderson Robert D , Jones Alison , Kovacic William E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the question of how a nation can combat pervasive (‘systemic’) corruption and collusion and prevent these practices from plaguing and undermining public procurement processes. It focuses on Brazil where Operation Car Wash (Operação Lava Jato) exposed widespread corruption and collusion affecting public procurement, but also reflects on the academic and policy debate relating to the question of how a nation can escape from a ‘high-corruption’ equilibrium, especially one strengthened by its interaction with supplier collusion. The chapter notes that the Brazilian experience provides support for the hypothesis that where corruption is endemic, better laws, and law enforcement, may be insufficient on their own to break a cycle and to remove the incentives and opportunities for corruption and collusion that exist. It also recognizes that, for many jurisdictions, wholesale political, economic, and social reform is unlikely to be feasible. It thus proposes a multipronged, and self-reinforcing, set of reforms to trigger change, concentrated on weaknesses diagnosed in the system. In particular, it suggests that, where corruption affects public procurement, beyond specific adjustments to procurement, competition and anti-corruption laws, procurers, anti-corruption and competition enforcement agencies need to work closely together to coordinate policies and achieve synergies, and to combat incentives and opportunities for corruption and collusion within procurement processes. Such reforms must be combined with measures to tackle broader factors contributing to systemic corruption. Although inspired by the Brazilian case study, the diagnosis and proposed reform strategy provides a workable model for use in other jurisdictions.
Public Interest Assessment and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
Authors: Kokkoris Ioannis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the merger control assessment in the energy sector. The chapter starts with a discussion of the composition of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the relevant regulatory framework before discussing some of the seminal case law that shows the approach the FERC takes in applying its assessment test and how this approach compares with the one that the antitrust authority takes pursuant to its competition standard. The chapter also discusses some implications that arise from assessing the role and practice of the regulator and the competition authority. The chapter explores the various reasons why, although the assessment of the antitrust agency and that of the regulator look at the anti-competitive effects of the transaction, their outcomes are often contradictory. The chapter explains that while the analysis of the regulator is largely based on market concentration, the antitrust agencies include other factors such as efficiencies and market entry. In addition, the regulator relies extensively on the analysis provided by the merging parties, whereas the US Department of Justice (DOJ) performs its own analysis of the market structure and of the impact of the transaction on the competition dynamics in the market. Furthermore, the merger-specific efficiencies claimed by the mergers are often ‘overvalued’ by the regulator but strictly tested by the DOJ. This discrepancy in the assessment approach of the two agencies has led to a divergence in the approach they have taken on some of the transactions in the sector.
Public Interest Assessment and the Department of Transportation (DOT)
Authors: Kokkoris Ioannis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the merger review process under the public interest standard in the airline industry. The chapter starts with a discussion of the composition of the Department of Transportation (DOT) and the relevant regulatory framework before discussing some of the seminal case law that shows the approach the DOT takes in applying its assessment test and how this approach compares with the one the DOJ takes pursuant to its competition standard. The chapter discusses some implications that arise from assessing the role and practice of the regulator and how that compares and contrasts with the competition authority. The chapter argues that the regulator has been overly tolerant of consolidation activity. The chapter explains that a major factor that contributes to this tendency is the assessment approach applied by the DOT, according to which merging parties need to demonstrate that a merger would not be anti-competitive, rather than the DOT assessing the transaction and the evidence before it in assessing the competition harm arising from the consolidation. As this burden of proof is difficult to satisfy, almost all transactions proceed unchallenged. The chapter also portrays how the competition concerns expressed by the antitrust authority are often ignored, having to defer to the regulator for the final decision.
Public Interest Assessment and the Federal Reserve Board (FRB), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Authors: Kokkoris Ioannis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses merger assessment in the financial sector, where a number of regulatory agencies in addition to the antitrust ones have jurisdiction to assess the transactions in the sector. The purpose of this chapter is to offer an overview of the merger review process in the banking sector. The chapter starts with a discussion of the composition of the banking regulators, the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, as well as the relevant regulatory framework before discussing some of the seminal case law that shows the approach they take in applying their assessment tests and how these approaches compare with the one antitrust authorities take pursuant to their competition standard. The chapter also discusses some implications that arise from assessing the role and practice of the banking regulators and the competition authority. The chapter argues that even if the antitrust authorities and the banking regulators examine the competitive effects of the mergers, usually they reach different conclusions. The chapter explains that this occurs because these authorities use a divergent approach to define the product and geographic markets. This leads to contradictory outcomes, in which the concerns expressed by the antitrust enforcers are frequently disregarded by the sectoral regulators. The chapter also argues that the regulators infrequently apply a thorough analysis, which leads to the approval of most mergers under the presumption that they protect the public interest even if there is little evidence to that effect.
National Security and FDI Screening in Russia, Japan, India, and South Africa
Authors: Kokkoris Ioannis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines FDI rules in Russia, India, Japan, and South Africa, discussing how national security concerns and economic goals shape FDI policies. In Russia, FDI rules safeguard strategic industries and counter economic sanctions. The chapter highlights how Japan’s efforts to attract foreign capital are in tension with its historical and cultural resistance to foreign takeovers. Similar considerations might apply to India: while the country has increasingly opened up to foreign investment, various restrictions and concerns over transparency and simplicity remain. In South Africa, despite attempts to attract foreign investors, high crime rates and social instability have historically deterred FDI. South Africa’s unsuccessful endeavour to reconcile two policies at odds: protecting foreign investors’ rights while prioritizing local social development are evaluated. The chapter emphasizes the need for a nuanced approach that addresses investor protection and broader societal goals, especially in countries grappling with economic uncertainty.
The Constituent Elements of an Undertaking to Which an Infringement Can Be Imputed
Authors: Whelan Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the actual entities to which an undertaking’s antitrust violation can currently be imputed under EU competition law. It employs an illustrative figure to outline the lawful choices of imputation that face the European Commission when a competition violation is committed by an undertaking. It then explains the existence of certain ‘carves outs’ from liability, emphasising that, with one exception (namely where the undertaking comprises solely an individual), EU-level antitrust sanctions do not target natural persons (directors, managers, or employees) within an infringing undertaking. It then examines the legal basis for the relatively novel concepts of ‘sister liability’ and ‘subsidiary liability’ in EU competition law. Finally, it explores the conceptual underpinning of the most traditional theory of imputation (direct liability). In doing so, it articulates both how such direct liability is constructed in practice and how such liability forms the basis for the imposition of parental liability, itself a form of derivative liability.
The EU-Level Approach to Parental Liability and Its Impact on the Imposition and Construction of Antitrust Fines
Authors: Whelan Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the most important consequence for the parent company once it has been deemed to be responsible for the antitrust violation of its subsidiary: it examines the sanction—the antitrust fine—that is imposed upon that parent company by the European Commission (the Commission). It first analyses the availability and operation of joint and several liability as an enforcement feature of EU competition law when antitrust fines are imposed upon parent companies under the doctrine of parental antitrust liability. It then examines the specific impact of the EU-level doctrine of parental antitrust liability on the magnitude of the fines imposed by the Commission upon parent companies. It focuses particularly on the operation of the 10% fining cap, the application of the deterrence multiplier, and the implementation of the Commission’s policy on recidivism. In doing so, the chapter provides a comprehensive account of the specific EU-level sanction that faces a parent company that is held responsible for its subsidiary’s antitrust violation.
EU Law and Its Consideration of Retribution Under the Doctrine of Parental Antitrust Liability
Authors: Whelan Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines whether the ‘personal responsibility’ of the sanctioned parent is correctly reflected in the application of the relevant principle (the so-called ‘principle of personal responsibility’ in EU law) that has been articulated by the EU Courts when it comes to parental liability for antitrust violations. It demonstrates that there is in fact a clear ‘mismatch’ between the Courts’ conception of responsibility in this context and that mandated, for fairness purposes, under the theory of retribution. The chapter thus establishes that the parent company does not inevitably display fault when it is caught by the EU-level doctrine of parental antitrust liability and that, as a result, fines imposed under that doctrine can be disproportionate in nature.
The Use of Economic Evidence in Competition Cases
Authors: Niels Gunnar , Jenkins Helen , Kavanagh James 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores best practice in presenting economic evidence and how courts can assess what weight and credibility to attach to the evidence of economic experts, especially in situations where two experts reach different conclusions. Useful principles for dealing with these situations have been developed in the United States (the Daubert test), the United Kingdom (the ‘duty to help the court’), and Australia (the ‘hot tub’). The chapter concludes with some, mostly optimistic, observations about the future of the use of economics in competition law.
Private Enforcement at a Glance
Authors: Caro de Sousa Pedro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the key concepts surrounding private enforcement. Private enforcement primarily aims to provide compensation for victims of competition infringements. Thus, the role of private parties is particularly important in jurisdictions that rely heavily on private claims to ensure antitrust enforcement and to close the enforcement gap. The chapter then discusses the existing systems of private systems in the US and across Europe. It also considers the different ways in which a jurisdiction can adapt its private enforcement regimes to local circumstances by referencing the approaches in different nations, such as Japan, the UK, Spain, Brazil, and Germany.
Judicial Redress Mechanisms
Authors: Caro de Sousa Pedro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores judicial redress mechanisms. It explains that the first step when implementing a private enforcement system is to consider what types of procedural mechanisms are available to private parties in their attempts to obtain damages or other remedies from infringers of competition law, such as injunctive relief, rendering a pre-existing contractual arrangement void and unenforceable or changing it by severing the infringing clauses. The chapter elaborates on the notion of and issues surrounding individual damages claims and collective damages claims.