bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Fatigue on Immune Function in Nurses Performing Shift Work
Authors: Nagai Makie , Morikawa Yuko , Kitaoka Kazuyo , Nakamura Koshi , Sakurai Masaru , Nishijo Muneko , Hamazaki Yuko , Maruzeni Shoko , Nakagawa Hideaki 
Published: July 2011

Effects of Fatigue on Immune Function in Nurses Performing Shift Work: Makie Nagai, et al. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University—ObjectivesWe investigated the effects of fatigue on NK cell function and lymphocyte subpopulations in nurses performing shift work using a longitudinal design.MethodsFiftyseven female nurses engaged in shift work at a hospital in Japan were selected for our study cohort. The hospital used a counterclockwise rotating three‐shift system. Night shifts followed day shifts after a sevenhour interval. Immune parameters measured at the beginning of the day shift through to the end of the night shift were compared between two groups stratified by their level of fatigue. Statistical differences were evaluated after adjusting for baseline immune values and other demographic features.ResultsSubjective feelings of fatigue increased progressively from the beginning of day shifts to the end of night shifts. From the beginning of day shifts to the end of night shifts, NK cell activity and CD16+CD56+ lymphocytes decreased, while CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocytes increased. The group with the greater increase in fatigue showed a larger decrease in NK cell activity and a larger increase in CD4+lymphocytes when compared with the group reporting less fatigue. These indings did not change after adjusting for demographic factors and sleep hours.ConclusionOur data suggest that shift work has deleterious effects on NK cell function and that the effects depend on the degree of fatigue. Proper management of shift work may lessen fatigue in workers and also ameliorate many health problems experienced by shift workers.
Oxide-Based Electrochromics: Advances in Materials and Devices
Authors: Granqvist C. G. , Bayrak Pehlivan İ. , Green S. V. , Lansåker P. C. , Niklasson G. A. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTElectrochromic (EC) devices are able to vary their throughput of visible light and solar energy by the application of a voltage. They are of much interest for “smart” windows in buildings and are able to create energy efficiency, occupant well being, and security. This paper gives a survey over oxide-based EC device technology and also presents some recent advances regarding EC thin films of mixed metal oxides, nanoparticle-containing electrolytes to join these films, and metal-based transparent electrical conductors needed to apply the voltage.
Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Nonsyndromic Individuals with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tannure Patricia Nivoloni , Oliveira Cristiana Aroeira G.R. , Maia Lucianne Copie , Vieira Alexandre R. , Granjeiro José Mauro , de Castro Costa Marcelo 
Published: July 2011

Objective To assess whether individuals born with nonsyndromic oral clefts display a higher frequency of dental anomalies. Design A search of MEDLINE, BIREME, OVID ALL EMB Reviews, and The Cochrane Library was conducted. The methodologic quality of the papers selected was assessed and scored. Papers reporting observational controlled studies of nonsyndromic forms of oral cleft matched for dental anomalies in primary and/or permanent teeth were included without language restrictions. Eligible studies were scored as “A”—low risk of bias, “B”—moderate risk of bias, or “C”—high risk of bias and poor quality. Fixed and random effects models were used to aggregate individual odds ratios (OR) and to derive pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals. Results Six studies fulfilled our selection criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Three distinct subgroup analyses were carried out in terms of dental anomalies. In the tooth agenesis meta-analysis, a random effects model was used because of heterogeneity and showed a significant association between tooth agenesis and oral clefts (OR = 12.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.75 to 40.36). In the remaining analyses, the fixed effects model revealed a positive association between supernumerary (OR = 4.99; 95% CI, 2.58 to 9.64) and crown morphologic abnormalities (OR = 5.69; 95% CI, 3.96 to 8.19) with oral clefts. Most included studies were of low to moderate quality. Conclusion Although general limitations in study design were observed, the evidence suggests that a higher number of dental anomalies in the permanent dentition are noted in individuals born with oral clefts.
The Influence of Orthodontic Treatment on the Goslon Score of Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Southall Peter , Walters Mark , Singer Steven 
Published: July 2011

Objective To assess the effect of orthodontic treatment on Goslon Yardstick outcome. Design Retrospective study. Patients A series of 66 consecutive patients born with a complete unilateral left lip and palate. Patients were sorted into a nontreatment group (n = 47) and a treatment group (n = 19). Method Three assessors trained in the use of the Goslon Yardstick ranked the dental arch relationships of study casts taken at 6 and 9 years. Results There was only a fair agreement (κ = .33) between 6- and 9-year Goslon Yardstick scores for the cohort of 66 patients, with a significant (p < .05) difference in the mean score at 6 years (3.17 ± 0.8) and at 9 years (2.88 ± 1.0). Removal of 19 subjects who had orthodontic inventions prior to taking of the 9-year-old study cast improved the agreement to moderate (κ = .52). There was no significant difference (p > .05) in mean scores at 6 and 9 years (3.13 ± 0.9 and 3.17 ± 1.03, respectively). The treatment group exhibited significant differences (p < .001) with mean Goslon Yardstick scores of 3.0 ± 0.9 at 6 and 2.25 ± 0.45 at 9 years. Conclusions The inclusion of patients who had received orthodontic treatment prior to taking of study casts being used for Goslon Yardstick scoring can result in a more favorable outcome. Patients who have received active orthodontic treatment prior to taking of dental casts should be excluded or accounted for in audits to assess primary cleft surgical outcome in patients with a unilateral cleft lip and palate.
Genetic Studies in the Nigerian Population Implicate an MSX1 Mutation in Complex Oral Facial Clefting Disorders
Authors: Butali A. , Mossey P.A. , Adeyemo W.L. , Jezewski P.A. , Onwuamah C.K. , Ogunlewe M.O. , Ugboko V.I. , Adejuyigbe O. , Adigun A.I. , Abdur-Rahman L.O. , Onah I.I. , Audu R.A. , Idigbe E.O. , Mansilla M.A. , Dragan E.A. , Petrin A.L. , Bullard S.A. , Uduezue A.O. , Akpata O. , Osaguona A.O. , Olasoji H.O. , Ligali T.O. , Kejeh B.M. , Iseh K.R. , Olaitan P.B. , Adebola A.R. , Efunkoya E. , Adesina O.A. , Oluwatosin O.M. , Murray J.C. ,   The NigeriaCRAN Collaboration
Published: July 2011

Background Orofacial clefts are the most common malformations of the head and neck, with a worldwide prevalence of 1 in 700 births. They are commonly divided into CL(P) and CP based on anatomic, genetic, and embryologic findings. A Nigerian craniofacial anomalies study (NigeriaCRAN) was set up in 2006 to investigate the role of gene-environment interaction in the origin of orofacial clefts in Nigeria. Subjects and Methods DNA isolated from saliva from Nigerian probands was used for genotype association studies and direct sequencing of cleft candidate genes: MSX1, IRF6, FOXE1, FGFR1, FGFR2, BMP4, MAFB, ABCA4, PAX7, and VAX1, and the chromosome 8q region. Results A missense mutation A34G in MSX1 was observed in nine cases and four HapMap controls. No other apparent causative variations were identified. Deviation from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was observed in these cases ( p = .00002). A significant difference was noted between the affected side for unilateral CL ( p = .03) and bilateral clefts and between clefts on either side ( p = .02). A significant gender difference was also observed for CP ( p = .008). Conclusions Replication of a mutation previously implicated in other populations suggests a role for the MSX1 A34G variant in the development of CL(P).
Demographics of Cleft Care Providers in Africa and Reported Experience in Training and Practice: Direct Analysis of Continent-Based Practitioners
Authors: Adetayo Oluwaseun A. , Martin Mark C. 
Published: July 2011

Objective To elucidate the impact of several geographic, cultural, and socioeconomic variables on cleft care delivery in Africa, and to investigate the current status of cleft care delivery in Africa. Design Survey of practitioners attending the second Pan-African Congress on Cleft Lip and Palate (PACCLIP). Setting The annual PACCLIP conference in Ibadan, Nigeria, West Africa, February 2007. Main Outcome Measure To provide an analysis of the demographics and training experience of cleft care providers in Africa by collating information directly from the continent-based practitioners. Results Plastic surgeons and oral and maxillofacial surgeons provide the majority of cleft care. Most of the participants reported availability of formal training programs in their respective countries. The predominant practice settings were university and government-based. During training, half of the providers had encountered up to 30 cleft cases, and a quarter had managed more than 100 cases. Representation of visiting surgeons were equally distributed between African and non-African countries. Conclusions This study provides initial and detailed analysis crucial to understanding the underlying framework of cleft care composition teams, demographics of providers, and training and practice experience. This awareness will further enable North American and other non-African plastic surgeons to effectively partner with African cleft care providers to have a further reaching impact in the region.
Long-Term, Longitudinal Follow-Up of Individuals with UCLP after the Gothenburg Primary Early Veloplasty and Delayed Hard Palate Closure Protocol: Maxillofacial Growth Outcome
Authors: Friede Hans , Lilja Jan , Lohmander Anette 
Published: July 2011

Objective To study long-term maxillofacial development in a sample of patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The patients’ palatal repair had been performed according to a two-stage protocol with early velar closure and delayed hard palate surgery. Design Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study. Subjects The sample consisted of 50 consecutive patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate born from 1980 to 1989. All of them had been operated on at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. Methods Certain maxillary casts as well as lateral roentgencephalograms, obtained at 5, 10, 16, and 19 years of age, were analyzed. Results Our patients’ maxillofacial growth was very good even up to the final examination in early adulthood. We ascribe the advantageous midfacial morphology of our patients particularly to limited growth restriction from palatal scars due to the surgical protocol used in our cleft center. Conclusion The two-stage protocol we advocate for repair of the palatal cleft resulted in very satisfactory growth outcome. A palatal scar, which might impair maxillary development, was created only by the velar surgery. If this scar is located close to the posterior border of the hard palate, it might result in less maxillary growth restriction than if it is positioned further anteriorly.
Cephalometric Evaluation of Airways after Maxillary Anterior Advancement by Distraction Osteogenesis in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharshar Hossam H. , El-Bialy Tarek H. 
Published: July 2011

Objective This study was conducted to review the changes in airways after maxillary anterior advancement by distraction osteogenesis in patients with cleft lip and palate. Materials and Methods Several electronic databases were searched. The selection criteria were set to include clinical trials and at least 1 year of postsurgical data. The original articles were then retrieved and evaluated by two investigators to ensure that they met the selection criteria. The references were also hand searched for possible missing articles. Results Forty-three abstracts were found in the electronic searches. After the first set of selection criteria was applied to these abstracts, 14 articles were retrieved. After the final selection criteria, only four articles were finally selected. However, sample sizes of the selected articles were small, and the methodological quality of the studies was inadequate. All selected articles were consistent in that upper airway sizes increased and nasal resistance was reduced after distraction osteogenesis. Conclusions Despite the consistency of increasing the upper airway size and reducing nasal resistance in the only four found articles, limitations of the studies merit caution in interpreting these findings. We conclude that there are insufficient prospective randomized controlled clinical trials to confirm these results.
Nasoalveolar Molding: Prevalence of Cleft Centers Offering NAM and who Seeks It
Authors: Sischo Lacey , Chan Jenny W. , Stein Margot , Smith Christie , Van Aalst John , Broder Hillary L. 
Published: July 2011

Introduction Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) is a treatment option available for early cleft care. Despite the growing debate about the efficacy of nasoalveolar molding, questions remain regarding its prevalence and the demographic characteristics of families undergoing this technique prior to traditional cleft surgery. Objectives To determine the number of teams currently offering nasoalveolar molding and to identify salient clinical and sociodemographic variables in infants and families who choose nasoalveolar molding compared with those who choose traditional cleft care across three well-established cleft centers. Results Via phone surveys, 89% of the U.S. cleft teams contacted revealed that nasoalveolar molding is available at 37% of these centers. Chart reviews and phone correspondence with caregivers indicate that the average distance to the cleft center was 65.5 miles and caregiver age averaged 30.9 ± 5.7 years. Of families who chose nasoalveolar molding, 85% received total or partial insurance coverage. No difference in caregiver education, income, or distance to the clinic between treatment groups was found. On average, infants receiving nasoalveolar molding and cleft surgery had larger clefts and had more clinic visits than infants receiving traditional cleft surgery. Infants who were firstborn and those who did not have other siblings were more likely to receive nasoalveolar molding than were infants who were residing with other siblings. Conclusions Currently more than one-third of U.S. cleft centers offer nasoalveolar molding. Although the cleft size was larger in the nasoalveolar molding group, no treatment group differences in education, income, and distance to the clinic were found.
Postpalatoplasty Eustachian Tube Function in Young Children with Cleft Palate
Authors: Alper Cuneyt M. , Losee Joseph E. , Mandel Ellen M. , Seroky James T. , Swarts J. Douglas , Doyle William J. 
Published: July 2011

Objective To characterize Eustachian tube function using the forced response test in young children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip after palatoplasty with tympanostomy tubes inserted prepalatoplasty and compare these results with those of a 1986 study that evaluated a similar population using identical methods. Setting Outpatient research clinic. Patients/Participants A total of 34 children with cleft palate were tested at an average age of 18.6 ± 4.0 months. Main Outcome Measures Passive and active measures for the forced response test. Results Of the sample, 13 ears could not be tested, and tests on 24 ears were incomplete. The forced response test showed that the passive Eustachian tube function parameters were similar to those of normal adults and children. The percentage of ears that showed tubal dilation with swallowing was 60%. The active resistance and dilatory efficiency were similar to those of a normal adult population. Conclusions A 1986 study of Eustachian tube function in postpalatoplasty subjects with cleft palate (37 ears) aged 15 to 26 months documented Eustachian tube dilation with swallowing in 84% of the ears. In the present study, which focused on a similar population, the frequency of tubal dilation was 60%. Nonetheless, both frequencies are significantly greater than the dilation frequency of 27% reported for 56 ears of subjects with cleft palate tested between 3 months and 18 years with tympanostomy tubes inserted for persistent otitis media with effusion. This suggests that dilation during the forced response test may be a prognostic marker for those children with cleft palate who will resolve their ear disease at an early age.
The Novel Member of the BCL2 Gene Family, BCL2L12, Is Substantially Elevated in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients, Supporting Its Value As a Significant Biomarker
Authors: Papageorgiou Sotirios G. , Kontos Christos K. , Pappa Vassiliki , Thomadaki Hellinida , Kontsioti Frida , Dervenoulas John , Papageorgiou Efstathios , Economopoulos Theofanis , Scorilas Andreas 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
BCL2L12 is a recently identified gene belonging to the BCL2 family, members of which are implicated in hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The aim of this study was to analyze the mRNA expression of the novel apoptosis-related gene BCL2L12 in patients with CLL and to examine its prognostic and predictive value and potential clinical application as a novel molecular biomarker for CLL. For this purpose, total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 65 CLL patients and 23 healthy donors. An ultrasensitive quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction methodology for BCL2L12 and BCL2 mRNA quantification was developed using SYBR Green chemistry. After preparing cDNA by reverse transcription, relative quantification analysis was performed using the comparative CT (2−ΔΔCT) method. Furthermore, analysis of IGHV mutational status, CD38 expression, and detection of early apoptosis by double staining with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide were performed. According to our findings, BCL2L12 mRNA expression is significantly higher in CLL patients than in healthy donors. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that BCL2L12 expression had significant discriminatory value, distinguishing very efficiently CLL patients from the non-leukemic population. Moreover, BCL2L12 expression predicts the presence of CLL, as demonstrated by both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Finally, high BCL2L12 mRNA levels are associated with advanced clinical stage and predict shorter overall survival in CLL patients.
KRAS and Colorectal Cancer: Ethical and Pragmatic Issues in Effecting Real-Time Change in Oncology Clinical Trials and Practice
Authors: Blanke Charles D. , Goldberg Richard M. , Grothey Axel , Mooney Margaret , Roach Nancy , Saltz Leonard B. , Welch John J. , Wood William A. , Meropol Neal J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Systemic therapy has led to a median survival time for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) almost fourfold longer than that expected with best supportive care, an outcome achieved through combining chemotherapeutic and targeted biologic agents. Although the latter can include anti–epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies, such as cetuximab and panitumumab, we now have strong evidence that patients whose tumors harbor mutated KRAS will not benefit from this class of agent. Acceptance of the reliability and importance of the KRAS data took several years to evolve, however, for a variety of reasons. The timeline from the presentation and publication of small, retrospective phase II studies to widespread acceptance of the KRAS predictive value and changes in behavior—specifically, modifications of ongoing national trials in advanced/metastatic CRC, changes in national guidelines and practice patterns, and adjustments to the labeled indications for the monoclonal antibodies—was lengthy. In this commentary, we discuss whether or not the process of data disclosure regarding KRAS status and treatment of advanced CRC patients was effective in permitting timely decisions regarding ongoing publicly funded clinical trials and whether or not such decisions were rational and ethical. The overall goals are to highlight lessons learned regarding early disclosure of clinical trial results, as well as vetting and adoption of new scientific data, and to propose modifications for handling similar situations in the future.
Oxalate Nephropathy Associated with Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Cartery Claire , Faguer Stanislas , Karras Alexandre , Cointault Olivier , Buscail Louis , Modesto Anne , Ribes David , Rostaing Lionel , Chauveau Dominique , Giraud Patrick 
Published: July 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Enteric overabsorption of oxalate may lead to hyperoxaluria and subsequent acute oxalate nephritis (AON). AON related to chronic pancreatitis is a rare and poorly described condition precluding early recognition and treatment.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We collected the clinical characteristics, treatment, and renal outcome of 12 patients with chronic pancreatitis–associated AON followed in four French renal units.

Results
Before AON, mild to moderate chronic kidney disease was present in all patients, diabetes mellitus in eight (insulin [n = 6]; oral antidiabetic drugs [n = 2]), and known chronic pancreatitis in only eight. At presentation, pancreas imaging showed gland atrophy/heterogeneity, Wirsung duct dilation, calcification, or pseudocyst. Renal findings consisted of rapidly progressive renal failure with tubulointerstitial profile. Acute modification of glomerular filtration preceded the AON (i.e., diarrhea and diuretics). Increase in urinary oxalate excretion was found in all tested patients and hypocalcemia in nine (<1.5 mmol/L in four patients). Renal biopsy showed diffuse crystal deposits, highly suggestive of oxalate crystals, with tubular necrosis and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates. Treatment consisted of pancreatic enzyme supplementation, oral calcium intake, and an oxalate-free diet in all patients and renal replacement therapy in five patients. After a median follow-up of 7 months, three of 12 patients reached end-stage renal disease.

Conclusion
AON is an under-recognized severe crystal-induced renal disease with features of tubulointerstitial nephritis that may occur in patients with a long history of chronic pancreatitis or reveal the pancreatic disease. Extrinsic triggering factors should be prevented.