bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rudists and carbonate platforms in the Aptian: a case study on biotic interactions with ocean chemistry and climate
Authors: SKELTON PETER W. , GILI EULÀLIA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractVariations in Aptian carbonate platform growth and associated turnover among rudists are reviewed and the results synthesized with evidence for climate change to yield an explanatory model. Extensive platform growth throughout the Atlantic/Tethys/low‐palaeolatitude Pacific seamount belt in the earliest Aptian was accompanied by prolific rudist diversification, especially among the predominantly aragonitic caprinids occupying platform margins. It was ubiquitously interrupted in the mid‐Early Aptian, in tandem with major perturbations of the global carbon cycle that culminated in Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a, although the causal linkages remain contentious. Platform growth terminated along most of the northern Tethyan margin and maybe also in the New World. Meanwhile, Lithocodium/Bacinella or similar microbial encrustations became widespread in lower palaeolatitudes. Recovery of Tethyan platforms in the late Early Aptian was limited to lower palaeolatitudes. Caprinid‐rich platform margin facies again prevailed in central and southern Tethyan areas, but gave way to those dominated by rudists with a thickened calcitic outer shell layer (polyconitids and requieniids) in marly successions around Iberia. The end of the Early Aptian saw the Lazarus‐style disappearance of caprinids, and renewed Tethyan platform growth in the Late Aptian was dominated by calcite‐rich rudists, although rudists remained scarce in the New World until the terminal Aptian. This study postulates that sea water acidification influenced both the mid‐Early Aptian platform debacle and the subsequent late Early Aptian geographical restriction of platform recovery, although in contrasting atmospheric regimes. At first, it was forced by the increasing atmospheric levels of volcanically derived CO2, with mitigation in low latitudes from thermal expulsion of aqueous CO2 (here termed the ‘kettle effect’) due to greenhouse warming. However, subsequent cooling due to drawdown of atmospheric CO2 by organic carbon burial could have sustained acidification of platform waters in higher latitudes, by reducing the protective kettle effect there. Caprinid susceptibility to such assaults may have been as much due to exposure on their preferred outer platform habitats as to their mineralogy. The increased calcite/aragonite ratio among rudists through the Aptian resulted largely from this taxonomic turnover.
Arabidopsis glabra2 mutant seeds deficient in mucilage biosynthesis produce more oil
Authors: Shi Lin , Katavic Vesna , Yu Yuanyuan , Kunst Ljerka , Haughn George 
Published: September 2011

SummarySeed oil, one of the major seed storage compounds in plants, is of great economic importance for human consumption, as an industrial raw material and as a source of biofuels. Thus, improving the seed oil yield in crops is an important objective. The GLABRA2 (GL2) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a transcription factor that is required for the proper differentiation of several epidermal cell types. GL2 has also been shown to regulate seed oil levels, as a loss‐of‐function mutation in the GL2 gene results in plants with a higher seed oil content than wild‐type. We have extended this observation by showing that loss‐of‐function mutations in several positive regulators of GL2 also result in a high seed oil phenotype. The GL2 gene is expressed in both the seed coat and embryo, but the embryo is the main site of seed oil accumulation. Surprisingly, our results indicate that it is loss of GL2 activity in the seed coat, not the embryo, that contributes to the high seed oil phenotype. One target of GL2 in the seed coat is the gene MUCILAGE MODIFIED 4 (MUM4), which encodes a rhamnose synthase that is required for seed mucilage biosynthesis. We found that mum4 mutant seeds, like those of gl2 mutants, have an increased seed oil content in comparison with wild‐type. Therefore, GL2 regulates seed oil production at least partly through its influence on MUM4 expression in the seed coat. We propose that gl2 mutant seeds produce more oil due to increased carbon allocation to the embryo in the absence of seed coat mucilage biosynthesis.
Ownership and use of insecticide‐treated nets in Oromia and Amhara Regional States of Ethiopia two years after a nationwide campaign
Authors: Deressa Wakgari , Fentie Gashu , Girma Shoa , Reithinger Richard 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjective  To evaluate the ownership and use of insecticide‐treated nets (ITNs) by the local community 2 years after a free distribution campaign in Ethiopia.Methods  This is a population‐based survey using a two‐stage cluster sample design in 115 randomly selected clusters in Oromia and Amhara regional states of Ethiopia, performed in June 2009. Data on the possession and use of ITNs were collected using structured and pre‐tested questionnaires through house‐to‐house visits. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of participant’s malaria knowledge, location and ITN characteristics on the use of ITNs.Results  A total of 2874 households participated in the study, and 90.6% of the study population was knowledgeable about ITNs. About 49.1% of households reported at least one ITN; 28.4% owned two or more. ITN coverage was significantly lower in Oromia (34.9%) than in Amhara (76.8%, P < 0.001). The average number of ITNs per ITN‐owning household was 1.8. In all surveyed households, only 21.8% of all family members, 29.4% of all children under the age of 5 years and 23.2% of all pregnant women had slept under an ITN the night preceding the survey. Among ITN‐owning households, 63.0% of all children under the age of 5 years and 52.1% of pregnant women had slept under an ITN the night before the survey. Using multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with ITN use were number of ITNs in the household, number of ITNs hung over the bed in the household, women’s knowledge of ITNs and women’s lack of problem in using ITNs, whereas region, area of residence and ITN status were not.Conclusions  Household ITN ownership and use remain below the current Roll Back Malaria targets of universal coverage. A replacement strategy is urgently needed to scale‐up coverage and use of ITNs.
A case of xanthoma in a Saanen goat
Authors: Ozmen Ozlem , Haligur Mehmet 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis report describes a case of a subcutaneous xanthoma of the sacral region in a 2‐year‐old female Saanen goat. The tan‐coloured mass was 8.5 cm × 4.0 cm × 0.5 cm in size. Yellow‐white areas were present across the cut surface. Histopathologically, the mass was composed of foamy macrophages, numerous giant cells, abundant lipid material and cholesterol clefts. The structure consisted of lobular areas surrounded by a stroma. Tissue sections were negative for bacteria, fungi and mycobacteria. Frozen tissue from the mass stained positively with Oil Red O, confirming lipid accumulation in both the extracellular spaces and the large foamy macrophages. Immunohistochemically, the mass was positive for vimentin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and CD68, but negative for smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 protein antibodies. As the animal was presented dead, it was not possible to analyse blood lipid levels. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a xanthoma in a goat.
Epididymal and prostatic histoplasmosis in a renal transplant recipient from southern India
Authors: Baig W.W. , Attur R.P. , Chawla A. , Reddy S. , Pillai S. , Rao L. , Rao G. , Ashok K. , Yegneswaran P. 
Published: September 2011

W.W. Baig, R.P. Attur, A. Chawla, S. Reddy, S. Pillai, L. Rao, G. Rao, K. Ashok, P. Yegneswaran. Epididymal and prostatic histoplasmosis in a renal transplant recipient from southern India. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 489–491. All rights reservedAbstract: An unusual case of epididymal and prostatic histoplasmosis is reported from Karnataka State of southern India, in a 37‐year‐old male renal transplant recipient, who had presented with gastrointestinal histoplasmosis a year before the second presentation and had responded successfully to 9 months' treatment with itraconazole. The patient presented a second time with high‐grade fever and pain in the scrotum and the lower abdomen. Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed a retrotrigonal abscess, which was confirmed on computed tomography scan of the pelvis. Pus was drained via transrectal route and biopsy specimens were taken from the epididymis and the prostate. Histopathology revealed the picture suggestive of histoplasmosis, and the pus on culture confirmed the infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. To our knowledge, only 5 cases of epididymal histoplasmosis have been reported in the literature, our case being the second report from India and sixth in the world; prostatic histoplasmosis is also a rare occurrence.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Nasim A. , Baqi S. , Akhtar S.F. 
Published: September 2011

A. Nasim, S. Baqi, S.F. Akhtar. Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis in renal transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2012: 14: 180–183. All rights reservedAbstract: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious and life‐threatening disease. Transplant recipients are at increased risk of acquiring serious infections. The most common organisms causing IE in solid organ transplant recipients are reported to be gram positive. IE due to Gram‐negative organism has rarely been reported. We report 2 cases of renal transplant recipients who met the Duke's criteria for IE due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Inhibitory effects of diclofenac on the endotoxin shock response in relation to endothelin turnover in the pig
Authors: Weitzberg E. , Lundberg J. M. , Rudehill A. 
Published: September 2011

During sepsis vasoactive arachidonic acid metabolites of the cyclo‐oxygenase pathway and the endothelium‐derived vasoconstrictor endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) are released. The effects of cyclo‐oxygenase pathway inhibition by diclofenac on the endotoxin shock response and ET‐1 turnover, were investigated in five groups of pigs. In the first group (n = 7; controls) endotoxin (15μg·kg−1·h−1 i.v.) was infused for two hours. In a second endotoxin group (n = 7), the animals were pretreated with diclofenac (3 mg·kg−1 i.v.). In a third group (n = 7), high‐dose ET‐1 was infused (20 pmol·kg−1·min−1 i.v.) and in a fourth group (n = 7), the ET‐1 infusion was preceded by diclofenac. In a fifth group (n = 4), a low and intermediate dose of ET‐1 (0.2 and 4 pmol· kg−1·min−1) was infused.A significant increase in ET‐1‐like immunoreactivity (LI) plasma levels was observed in both endotoxin groups, but in the diclofenac group the increase was comparatively delayed. Furthermore, this group showed a more stable haemodynamic course and in the biphasic increase of pulmonary vascular resistance seen in endotoxin controls, the initial peak was abolished by diclofenac. Exogenous ET‐1 infusion indicated that not only locally released but possibly also circulating ET‐1 could be a mediator of vascular responses to endotoxin. Indications of release from the lungs were seen during endotoxin infusion. Diclofenac had no effect on basal ET‐1‐LI plasma levels or on the disappearance rate from plasma of ET‐1‐LI and the haemodynamic changes seen on ET‐1 infusion.The inhibition of cyclo‐oxygenase pathway by diclofenac resulted in prevention of the initial pulmonary hypertension and a delayed increase in plasma ET‐1‐LI levels in porcine endotoxin shock and this latter effect is not due to an increased rate of disappearance from plasma but rather to a decreased release of ET‐1.
Comparison of parenteral diclofenac and ketoprofen for postoperative pain relief after maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Niemi L. , Tuominen M. , Pitkänen M. , Rosenberg P. H. 
Published: September 2011

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) effectively reduce the need for opioid analgesia after various types of surgery. The efficacy of diclofenac and ketoprofen to relieve pain after maxillofacial surgery was compared in the present study. In a randomized and double‐blind fashion, 90 ASA I–II patients (16–60 yrs) were studied, divided into three groups:Thirty patients received 1.0 mg · kg−1 diclofenac i.v. after general anaesthesia induction, before surgical incision, and four hours later the same dose was given i.m. Thirty patients received ketoprofen 1.35 mg · kg−1 i.v. and i.m., as above, and a third group of 30 patients received a comparable volume of saline i.v. and i.m. The patients received supplemental analgesia using a patient controlled analgesia apparatus; the rescue medication consisted of 0.03 mg · kg−1 oxycodone i.v. (four‐hour maximum dose was 0.4 mg · kg−1) during the 24‐hour follow‐up.The three groups were comparable regarding the type of maxillofacial surgery (osteotomies vs. soft tissue surgery). Overall, there was a lower need for i.v. oxycodone during the 24‐hour period in the diclofenac group (269 doses) than in the ketoprofen group and in the saline group (388 doses, each) (P<0.01). The significantly lower number of oxycodone administrations in the diclofenac group was a result of a distinguishable difference, particularly during the first four hours after surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of side effects of the analgesic therapy between the three groups.
Reexpansion of atelectasis during general anaesthesia may have a prolonged effect
Authors: Rothen H. U. , Sporre B. , Engberg G. , Wegenius G. , Hedenstierna G. 
Published: September 2011

Pulmonary atelectasis, as found during general anaesthesia, may be reexpanded by hyper‐inflation of the lungs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether such a recruitment is maintained and whether this is accompanied by an improved gas exchange.We studied a consecutive sample of twelve lung healthy adults, scheduled for elective surgery. After induction of intravenous anaesthesia, the lungs were hyperinflated manually. The ventilationperfusion relationship (Va/Q) was estimated with the multiple inert gas method, and in six patients atelectasis was assessed by computed x‐ray tomography.The mean pulmonary shunt was 7.5% of cardiac output after induction of anaesthesia and this decreased to 1.0% and 2.8% at 20 and 40 min after the recruitment manoeuvre. Perfusion of poorly ventilated lung regions (low Va/Q), however, increased from 3.7% to 10.6% and 7.8% at 20 and 40 min after the recruitment, respectively. The mean alveolar‐arterial oxygen tension difference (PA‐ao2) was 14.3 kPa after induction of anaesthesia and 11.1 kPa immediately after recruitment. Forty minutes later PA‐ao2 was still 2.0 kPa lower than after induction of anaesthesia (95% conficence interval [CI] 0.3 to 3.8 kPa). PA‐ao2 decreased more in obese patients. The mean area of atelectasis decreased from 9.0 cm2 after induction of anaesthesia to 0.1 cm2 immediately after recruitment, and there was a slow increase to 1.9 cm2 (95% CI 0.0 to 3.9 cm2) 40 min later.During general anaesthesia in lung healthy patients, most of the reexpanded atelectatic lung tissue remains inflated for at least 40 min. The recruitment manoeuvre decreases pulmonary shunt, but increases low Va/Q. The net effect on gas exchange is a small reduction of PA‐ao2.
Abscisic acid‐regulated responses of aba2‐1 under osmotic stress: the abscisic acid‐inducible antioxidant defence system and reactive oxygen species production
Authors: Ozfidan C. , Turkan I. , Sekmen A. H. , Seckin B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe investigated the interaction among abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defence system in the transduction of osmotic stress signalling using Arabidopsis thaliana WT (Columbia ecotype, WT) and an ABA‐deficient mutant (aba2‐1). For this, 50 μm ABA and osmotic stress, induced with 40% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG8000; −0.7 MPa), were applied to WT and aba2‐1 for 6, 12 or 24 h. Time course analysis was undertaken for determination of total/isoenzyme activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), NADPH oxidase (NOX; EC 1.6.3.1) activity; scavenging activity of the hydroxyl radical (OH˙), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); endogenous ABA and malondialdehyde (MDA). The highest H2O2 and MDA content was found in PEG‐treated groups of both genotypes, but with more in aba2‐1. ABA treatment under stress reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA, while it promoted activity of SOD, CAT and APX. APX activity was higher than CAT activity in ABA‐treated WT and aba2‐1, indicating a protective role of APX rather than CAT during osmotic stress‐induced oxidative damage. Treatment with ABA also significantly induced increased NOX activity. Oxidative damage was lower in ABA‐treated seedlings of both genotypes, which was associated with greater activity of SOD (Mn‐SOD1 and 2 and Fe‐SOD isoenzymes), CAT and APX in these seedlings after 24 h of stress. These results suggest that osmotic stress effects were overcome by ABA treatment because of increased SOD, CAT, APX and NOX.
Exclusive conservation of mitochondrial group II intron nad4i548 among liverworts and its use for phylogenetic studies in this ancient plant clade
Authors: Volkmar U. , Groth‐Malonek M. , Heinrichs J. , Muhle H. , Polsakiewicz M. , Knoop V. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLiverworts occupy a pivotal position in land plant (embryophyte) phylogeny as the presumed earliest‐branching major clade, sister to all other land plants, including the mosses, hornworts, lycophytes, monilophytes and seed plants. Molecular support for this earliest dichotomy in land plant phylogeny comes from strikingly different occurrences of introns in mitochondrial genes distinguishing liverworts from all other embryophytes. Exceptionally, however, the nad5 gene – the mitochondrial locus hitherto used most widely to elucidate early land plant phylogeny – carries a group I type intron that is shared between liverworts and mosses. We here explored whether a group II intron, the other major type of organellar intron, would similarly be conserved in position across the entire diversity of extant liverworts and could be of use for phylogenetic analyses in this supposedly most ancient embryophyte clade. To this end, we investigated the nad4 gene as a candidate locus possibly featuring different introns in liverworts as opposed to the non‐liverwort embryophyte (NLE) lineage. We indeed found group II intron nad4i548 universally conserved in a wide phylogenetic sampling of 55 liverwort taxa, confirming clade specificity and surprising evolutionary stability of plant mitochondrial introns. As expected, intron nad4i548g2 carries phylogenetic information in its variable sequences, which confirms and extends previous cladistic insights on liverwort evolution. We integrate the new nad4 data with those of the previously established mitochondrial nad5 and the chloroplast rbcL and rps4 genes and present a phylogeny based on the fused datasets. Notably, the phylogenetic analyses suggest a reconsideration of previous phylogenetic and taxonomic assignments for the genera Calycularia and Mylia and resolve a sister group relationship of Ptilidiales and Porellales.
Skeleton Pattern and Joint Formation in Chorioallantoic Grafts Containing the Distal Parts of the Chick Wing Bud
Authors: Rizgeliene R. , Tutkuviene J. 
Published: September 2011

With 13 figuresSummarySkeleton pattern formation was examined in chick wing bud grafts using the chorioallantoic grafting method. The distal parts of the wing bud were excised from the donor wing and transplanted onto the chorioallantoic membrane (the experimental groups). Transplants with intact limb bud material served as the control group. The skeleton pattern formation in the grafts depended on the amount of transplanted material and donor’s limb bud stage. The younger the donor’s stage and the bigger the piece of the transplanted material the more proximal parts grafts had, more retarded growth and abnormal skeleton in the zeugopod and autopod was. The percentage of the signs of insufficient blood supply in the experimental groups was less than that in the control group. As the amount of the transplanted limb bud material decreased and donor’s limb bud aged, post‐axial polydactyly changed to the pre‐axial one.
A method for the prediction of multitrait breeding values for use in stochastic simulation to compare progeny‐testing schemes, with large progeny groups for proven sires
Authors: Eikje L.S. , Schaeffer L.R. , Ådnøy T. , Klemetsdal G. , Ødegård J. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryA method of approximating estimated breeding values (EBV) from a multivariate distribution of true breeding values (TBV) and EBV is proposed for use in large‐scale stochastic simulation of alternative breeding schemes with a complex breeding goal. The covariance matrix of the multivariate distributions includes the additive genetic (co)variances and approximated prediction error (co)variances at different selection stages in the life of the animal. The prediction error (co)variance matrix is set up for one animal at a time, utilizing information on the selection candidate and its offspring, the parents, as well as paternal and maternal half‐ sibs. The EBV are a regression on TBV taking individual uncertainty into account, but with additional ‘free’ variation drawn at random. With the current information included in the calculation of the prediction error variance of a selection candidate, it is concluded that the method can be used to optimize progeny‐testing schemes, where the progeny‐tested sires are utilized with large progeny groups, e.g. through artificial insemination.
Effect of alternate day feeding strategy of sub‐optimal protein level on haemato‐biochemical responses in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) juveniles
Authors: Kumar P. , Jain K. K. , Munilkumar S. , Sahu N. P. , Siddaiah G. M. , Saha H. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryA feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to delineate the effect of alternate day feeding strategy of sub‐optimal protein level on haematological parameters, serum parameters and phagocyte respiratory burst activity (NBT) in Labeo rohita juveniles. One hundred and thirty‐five fingerlings (1.87 ± 0.01–2.26 ± 0.05 g) were distributed in triplicate groups of each treatment, and fish were fed at 5% body weight daily. Three experimental isocaloric (401.32–410.28 kcal/100 g) diets of 30%, 25%, and 20% crude protein designated as diet A, diet B, and diet C respectively, were prepared, using locally available feed ingredients. Three different feeding schedules of normal protein diet continuously (diet A‐30%), alternate feeding of 1‐day diet A followed by 1‐day diet B (1A/1B) and alternate feeding of 1‐day diet A followed by 1‐day diet C (1A/1C) were tested. The total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin content was significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced in the group T1 fed (1A/1B), and the lowest count was recorded in the group T2 fed (1A/1C). Total leucocyte counts, total serum protein, and serum globulin were higher in the group T1 fed (1A/1B) and lower in the group T2 fed (1A/1C) as compare to control. The respiratory burst activity (NBT) of blood phagocytes and serum A‐to‐G ratio was recorded significantly difference in among the treatment groups. Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that alternate feeding of 1‐day diet A followed by 1‐day diet B (1A/1B) is equally effective and promote the immunity in Labeo rohita juveniles.