bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervening fish post‐harvest losses to narrow the gap between demand and supply: A review on magnitude of fish post‐harvest losses in some Sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Abelti Alemu Lema , Teka Tilahun A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis review was aimed to summarize the extent and causes of fish post‐harvest losses (FPHLs) in Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries and suggests the necessary intervention measures to narrow the gap between demand and supply. Globally, an estimate of 10–12 million tons of fish is lost per year. FPHLs in SSA are higher than those in other parts of the world. In SSA, the values of fisheries are estimated at 24 billion USD, 1.26% of the GDP of all the African countries and 6% of agriculture GDP. The vast majority of FPHLs in SSA occur at the production (39%), handling (36%), distribution (13%), processing (7%) and consumption (5%). The major factors that cause FPHLs in SSA were long time spent in hauling of fishing gears, spoilage, size discrimination, species preferences, operational losses, animal predation, poor handling practices, lengthy duration of fishing cycle, failure to use ice, lack of storage facilities, lack of transportation and insect infestation. FPHLs amount one third of total production and financial losses of 2–5 billion USD in SSA countries. Furthermore, volarization of fish waste and converting waste into useful substances is a promising approach to reduce fish waste. It can be recommended that improving fish production, live fish handling, processing, preserving, and marketing in SSA could narrow the gap between fish demand and supply.
Grain‐Boundary‐Rich RuO2 Porous Nanosheet for Efficient and Stable Acidic Water Oxidation
Authors: He Weidong , Tan Xiaohong , Guo Yingying , Xiao Yuhang , Cui Hao , Wang Chengxin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRuO2 has been considered as the most likely acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst to replace IrO2, but its performance, especially long‐term stability under harsh acidic conditions, is still unacceptable. Here, we propose a grain boundary (GB) engineering strategy by fabricating the ultrathin porous RuO2 nanosheet with abundant of grain boundaries (GB‐RuO2) as an efficient acid OER catalyst. The involvement of GB induces significant tensile stress and creates an unsaturated coordination environment, effectively optimizing the adsorption of intermediates and stabilizing active site structure during OER process. Notably, the GB‐RuO2 not only exhibits a low overpotential (η10=187 mV) with an ultra‐low Tafel slope (34.5 mV dec−1), but also steadily operates for over 550 h in 0.1 M HClO4. Quasi in situ/operando methods confirm that the improved stability is attributed to GB preventing Ru dissolution and greatly inhibiting the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM). A proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) using the GB‐RuO2 catalyst operates a low voltage of 1.669 V at 2 A cm−2 and operates stably for 100 h at 100 mA cm−2.
Template‐Guided Silicon Micromotor Assembly for Enhanced Cell Manipulation
Authors: Gao Yuxin , Ou Leyan , Liu Kunfeng , Guo Yuan , Li Wanyuan , Xiong Ze , Wu Changjin , Wang Jizhuang , Tang Jinyao , Li Dan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLight‐driven micro/nanorobots (LMNRs) are tiny, untethered machines with great potential in fields like precision medicine, nano manufacturing, and various other domains. However, their practicality hinges on developing light‐manipulation strategies that combine versatile functionalities, flexible design options, and precise controllability. Our study introduces an innovative approach to construct micro/nanorobots (MNRs) by utilizing micro/nanomotors as fundamental building blocks. Inspired by silicon Metal‐Insulator‐Semiconductor (MIS) solar cell principles, we design a new type of optomagnetic hybrid micromotors (OHMs). These OHMs have been skillfully optimized with integrated magnetic constituent, resulting in efficient light propulsion, precise magnetic navigation, and the potential for controlled assembly. One of the key features of the OHMs is their ability to exhibit diverse motion modes influenced by fracture surfaces and interactions with the environment, streamlining cargo conveyance along “micro expressway”—the predesigned microchannels. Further enhancing their versatility, a template‐guided assembly strategy facilitates the assembly of these micromotors into functional microrobots, encompassing various configurations such as “V‐shaped”, “N‐shaped”, and 3D structured microrobots. The heightened capabilities of these microrobots, underscore the innovative potential inherent in hybrid micromotor design and assembly, which provides a foundational platform for the realization of multi‐component microrobots. Our work moves a step toward forthcoming microrobotic entities boasting advanced functionalities.
Water and Air Stable Copper(I) Complexes of Tetracationic Catenane Ligands for Oxidative C−C Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Tang Man Pang , Zhu Lihui , Deng Yulin , Shi Yi‐Xiang , Kin‐Man Lai Samuel , Mo Xiaoyong , Pang Xin‐Yu , Liu Chunyu , Jiang Wei , Tse Edmund Chun Ming , Au‐Yeung Ho Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAqueous soluble and stable Cu(I) molecular catalysts featuring a catenane ligand composed of two dicationic, mutually repelling but mechanically interlocked macrocycles are reported. The ligand interlocking not only fine‐tunes the coordination sphere and kinetically stabilizes the Cu(I) against air oxidation and disproportionation, but also buries the hydrophobic portions of the ligands and prevents their dissociation which are necessary for their good water solubility and a sustained activity. These catenane Cu(I) complexes can catalyze the oxidative C−C coupling of indoles and tetrahydroisoquinolines in water, using H2O2 as a green oxidant with a good substrate scope. The successful use of catenane ligands in exploiting aqueous Cu(I) catalysis thus highlights the many unexplored potential of mechanical bond as a design element for exploring transition metal catalysis under challenging conditions.
Investigating the impact of laser polishing parameters on surface roughness, mass ablation rate, and optical transmittance of 3D‐printed PLA substrates
Authors: Bharatish A. , Murthy H. N. Narasimha , Harish D. V. N. , Kumar S. Mahendra , Solaiachari Sivakumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLaser polishing technique is one of the most effective post‐processing methods for 3D‐printed Polylactic acid (PLA) substrates and has gained significant interest of scientific research community in past few years. This paper aims to investigate the effect of fill density, laser power, and scanning speed on the polishing responses of 3D‐printed PLA substrates. These include surface roughness, mass ablation rate, and optical transmittance of PLA substrates printed using the fused deposition modeling technique. The optical transmittance was measured using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy technique and surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscope, and optical microscope. Minimum surface roughness of 1.04 μm was achieved at 5% laser power and 55% fill density constituting a decrease of 61.8% from unpolished PLA (2.735 μm). The lowest mass ablation rate (0.015 μg/pulse) was observed for the specimens with 40% infill density. Higher scanning speed enhanced the molecular bonding in PLA‐55 specimen indicated by increased peak transmittance ratios of CH bonds at stretching (1.021) and bending modes (1.045).
Sustainable solutions of using deep eutectic solvents for hemp degumming: A combined experimental and DFT study
Authors: Gao Shuang , Yan Zhifeng , An Zhao , Liang Junming , Fei Pengfei , Zhang Xiangbin , Lu Jianjun , Di Youbo , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAiming at the problems of heavy environmental pollution, high energy consumption, and process complexity for current degumming techniques, three types of deep eutectic solvent (DES) systems as eco‐friendly sustainable solutions including choline chloride/urea (CU), ethylenediamine hydrochloride/ethylene glycol (EE) and choline chloride/imidazole (CI) were prepared and applied to the degumming of seed hemp. It was clearly showed that all three DES systems exhibit excellent degumming efficiency on seed hemp to remove noncellulosic components involving in pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin in amorphous region without damage to the structure and crystalline morphology of cellulose, leading to an increase of cellulose portion from 54% to about 80%. CI with the molar ratio of 3:8 at 175°C for 2.5 h give the best removal performance for hemicellulose and pectin while EE with molar ratio of 1:2 at 175°C for 3 h can remove lignin with highest efficiency. However, CU with the lowest cost reveals a balanced removal of three noncellulosic components, which may be the optimal choice for industrial production. Furthermore, density functional theory analysis disclosed the essential information of configuration stability for three DES systems.
RNAi of yellow‐y, required for normal cuticle pigmentation, impairs courtship behavior and oviposition in the German cockroach (Blattella germanica)
Authors: Gong Lang‐Lang , Zhang Meng‐Qi , Ma Yun‐Feng , Feng Hong‐Yan , Zhao Ya‐Qin , Zhou Yang‐yuntao , He Ming , Smagghe Guy , He Peng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe insect cuticle plays a key role in maintaining the insect's physiological function and behavior. Herein, the yellow‐y protein is required to produce black melanin, and is expressed in a pattern that correlates with the distribution of this pigment. However, yellow‐y can also have other functions, for instance, in insect behavior, but not much is known. In this study, we have studied the yellow‐y gene in one important model and pest species, namely the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), which is to our knowledge the first time reported. In essence, we identified the yellow‐y gene (BgY‐y) and characterized its function by using RNA interference (RNAi). Silencing of BgY‐y gene led to different developmental abnormalities (body weight and wings) in both genders. Specifically, there was an abundant decrease in melanin, turning the body color in pale yellow and the cuticle softer and more transparent. Interestingly, we also observed that the knockdown of BgY‐y impaired the male cockroaches to display a weaker response to female‐emitted contact sex pheromones, and also that the oviposition ability was weakened in the RNAi females. This study comprehensively analyzed the biological functions of the yellow‐y gene in German cockroaches from the perspectives of development, body color, courtship behavior and oviposition, and as a consequence, this may opens new avenues to explore it as a novel pest control gene.
Gender diversity in autistic and neurotypical youth over adolescence and puberty: A longitudinal study
Authors: Corbett Blythe A. , Muscatello Rachael A. , Cyperski Melissa , Sadikova Eleonora , Edmiston E. Kale , McGonigle Trey William , Calvosa Rachel , Vandekar Simon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent research in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has suggested a higher prevalence of gender diversity in individuals diagnosed with ASD. Adolescence is a critical period for the consolidation of gender identity, yet the extent to which the experience of gender diversity is stable over adolescence and puberty in autistic youth is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to examine the consistency of gender diversity using the gender diversity screening questionnaire for self‐ and parent‐report of youth (GDSQ‐S, GDSQ‐P) over a four‐year longitudinal study of pubertal development in youth with ASD (N = 140, 36 assigned‐female‐at birth (AFAB)) and typical development (TD, N = 104, 58 assigned‐male‐at‐birth [AMAB]) and their parents. The extent to which diagnosis (ASD vs. TD), assigned sex (AFAB vs. AMAB) and developmental level (age, puberty) predict GDSQ trajectory over time was explored. There was a significant diagnosis by sex‐assigned‐at‐birth by age interaction for GDSQ‐S Gender Diversity, p = 0.002, showing higher scores in autistic AFAB youth over adolescence, and TD AFAB showing initially lower, then increasing levels over adolescence. For GDSQ‐P, Gender Incongruence was significantly different between the groups, p = 0.032, showing higher incongruence for autistic AFAB around age 10, decreasing between age 12–14 before increasing again, while TD AFAB evidence the inverse trend. AMAB trends were stable. The significant diagnostic, developmental and sex‐based differences indicate AFAB youth experience greater gender diversity that evolves over development. Findings suggest gender identity formation is nuanced and may be influenced by pubertal progression, hormonal patterns, and psychosocial factors. Results underscore the need for enhanced understanding of the unique, dynamic profiles of females‐assigned‐at‐birth.
Betonaggressivität des Grundwassers in Deutschland – Teil 1
Authors: Nuber Thomas , Lensing Hermann‐Josef , Radny Dirk , Pfeiffer Wolf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFür den Geotechnischen Bericht ist die Grundwasserbeschaffenheit anhand der Konzentration von Magnesium, Sulfat, Ammonium und kalklösender Kohlensäure nach DIN 4030‐1 hinsichtlich der Betonaggressivität zu beurteilen. Diese kann einen erheblichen Kostenfaktor darstellen, da bei einer erhöhten Betonaggressivität einige geotechnische Rückverankerungssysteme ausgeschlossen werden müssen. Zudem sind zum Teil bereits früh im Planungsprozess wegweisende Entscheidungen zur Bauplanung und ‐ausführung zu treffen, die sich aus der Grundwasserbeschaffenheit ergeben. Mithilfe eines Geoinformationssystems (GIS) werden auf Grundlage des Web‐Map‐Service „Hintergrundwerte im Grundwasser“, der über das Geoportal der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) frei zur Verfügung steht, die Konzentrationsverteilungen der relevanten Wasserinhaltsstoffe in Form von Themenkarten einzeln und für die in DIN 4030‐1 festgelegten Expositionsklassen aggregiert dargestellt. Diese Karten können zur Plausibilisierung von Analyseergebnissen und zur Voreinschätzung der Betonaggressivität genutzt werden. Zudem ergibt eine räumliche Auswertung, dass in Deutschland betonaggressives Wasser v. a. auf erhöhte Sulfatkonzentrationen bzw. eine erhöhte Konzentration an kalklösender Kohlensäure sowie eine Kombination von beiden Wasserinhaltsstoffen zurückzuführen ist. Im Gegensatz dazu spielen sowohl Magnesium als auch Ammonium für die Betonaggressivät des Grundwassers nur eine untergeordnete Rolle.
Super7 passaging method to improve Chinese hamster ovary cell fed‐batch performance
Authors: Moran Matthew J. , Chen Jin , Piret James M. , Balcarcel R. Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used to manufacture biopharmaceuticals, most of all monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Some CHO cell lines exhibit production instability, where the productivity of the cells decreases as a function of time in culture. To counter this, we designed a passaging strategy that, rather than maximizing the time spent in log‐growth phase, mimics the first 7 days of a fed‐batch production process. Cultures passaged using this method had lower net growth rates and were more oxidative throughout 6 weeks of passaging. Fed‐batch cultures inoculated by cells passaged using this method had increased net growth rates, oxidative metabolism, and volumetric productivity compared to cells passaged using a conventional strategy. Cells from unstable cell lines passaged by this new method produced 80%–160% more mAbs per unit volume than cells passaged by a conventional method. This new method, named Super7, provides the ability to mitigate the impact of production instability in CHO‐K1 cell lines without a need for further cell line creation, genetic engineering, or medium development.
Diagnostic performance of contrast‐enhanced mammography for suspicious findings in dense breasts: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Shu‐ting , Li Hong‐jiang , Li Yi‐zhong , Chen Qian‐qian , Ye Jia‐yi , Lin Shu , Cai Si‐qing , Sun Jian‐guo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeContrast‐enhanced spectral imaging (CEM) is a new mammography technique, but its diagnostic value in dense breasts is still inconclusive. We did a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of CEM for suspicious findings in dense breasts.Materials and MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically until August 6, 2023. Prospective and retrospective studies were included to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CEM for suspicious findings in dense breasts. The QUADAS‐2 tool was used to evaluate the quality and risk of bias of the included studies. STATA V.16.0 and Review Manager V.5.3 were used to meta‐analyze the included studies.ResultsA total of 10 studies (827 patients, 958 lesions) were included. These 10 studies reported the diagnostic performance of CEM for the workup of suspicious lesions in patients with dense breasts. The summary sensitivity and summary specificity were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92–0.97) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.70–0.89), respectively. Enhanced lesions, circumscribed margins, and malignancy were statistically correlated. The relative malignancy OR value of the enhanced lesions was 28.11 (95% CI, 6.84–115.48). The relative malignancy OR value of circumscribed margins was 0.17 (95% CI, 0.07–0.45).ConclusionCEM has high diagnostic performance in the workup of suspicious findings in dense breasts, and when lesions are enhanced and have irregular margins, they are often malignant.
Could nutrition status predict fatigue one week before in patients with nasopharynx cancer undergoing radiotherapy?
Authors: Song Jihong , Yang Xinru , Wu Jieling , Wu Zilan , Zhuo Litao , Hong Jinsheng , Su Li , Lyu Wenlong , Ye Jinru , Fang Yan , Zhan Zhiying , Zhang Hairong , Li Xiaomei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing radiotherapy experience significant fatigue, which is frequently underestimated due to the lack of objective indicators for its evaluation. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal association between fatigue and nutrition status 1 week in advance.MethodsFrom January 2021 to June 2022, a total of 105 NPC patients who received intensity‐modulated radiation therapy were enrolled in the observational longitudinal study. The significant outcomes, including the Piper Fatigue Scale‐12 (PFS‐12), the Scored Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA), four body composition indices, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), were assessed weekly from pre‐treatment until the completion of radiotherapy (T0–T7) to explore their relationship.ResultsThe trajectories of PFS‐12 and all dimensions for 105 participants reached a peak during the fifth week. Sensory fatigue consistently received the highest scores (T0 = 1.60 ± 2.20, T5 = 6.15 ± 1.57), whereas behavior fatigue exhibited the fastest increase over time (T0 = 1.11 ± 1.86, T5 = 5.47 ± 1.70). Higher PG‐SGA scores were found to be weakly explainable for aggravating fatigue (β = 0.02 ~ 0.04). Unlike generalized additive mixed models, marginal structural models (MSM) produced larger effect values (β = 0.12 ~ 0.21). Additionally, body composition indices showed weakly negative relationships with fatigue in MSMs one week in advance.ConclusionsThe PG‐SGA may be a more accurate predictor of future‐week fatigue than individual body composition indicators, particularly when HADS is controlled for as a time‐dependent confounder.
Toward identification and intervention to address financial toxicity and unmet health‐related social needs among adolescents and emerging adults with cancer and their caregivers: A cross‐cultural perspective
Authors: Beauchemin Melissa P. , Solomon Samrawit , Michaels Claudia L. , McHenry Kathryn , Turi Eleanor , Khurana Rhea , Sanabria Gabriella 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeWe qualitatively explored the unique needs and preferences for financial toxicity screening and interventions to address financial toxicity among adolescents and emerging adults (younger AYAs: 15–25 years) with cancer and their caregivers.MethodsWe recruited English‐ or Spanish‐speaking younger AYAs who were treated for cancer within the past 2 years and their caregivers. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to explore preferences for screening and interventional study development to address financial toxicity. The data were coded using conventional content analysis. Codes were reviewed with the study team, and interviews continued until saturation was reached; codes were consolidated into categories and themes during consensus discussions.ResultsWe interviewed 17 participants; nine were younger AYAs. Seven of the 17 preferred to speak Spanish. We identified three cross‐cutting themes: burden, support, and routine, consistent, and clear. The burden came in the form of unexpected costs such as transportation to appointments, as well as emotional burdens such as AYAs worrying about how much their family sacrificed for their care or caregivers worrying about the AYA's physical and financial future. Support, in the form of familial, community, healthcare institution, and insurance, was critical to mitigating the effects of financial toxicity in this population. Participants emphasized the importance of meeting individual financial needs by routinely and consistently asking about financial factors and providing clear guidance to navigate these needs.ConclusionYounger AYAs and their caregivers experience significant financial challenges and unmet health‐related social needs during cancer treatment and often rely on key supports to alleviate these unmet needs. When developing interventions to mitigate financial toxicity, clinicians and health systems should prioritize clear, consistent, and tailorable approaches to support younger AYA cancer survivors and their families.
Understanding muscularity, physique anxiety, and the experience of body image enhancement among men and women: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Piatkowski Timothy M. , Neumann David L. , Seekis Veya , Dunn Matthew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explores the growing trend of pursuing an ideal muscular physique, which escalates the risk of body image issues and engagement in enhancement behaviours. Employing a mixed‐methods approach, we examined the psychosocial dynamics surrounding these ideals and experiences, particularly the use of performance and image‐enhancing drugs (PIEDs). The quantitative arm of the study, involving 131 participants of mixed gender, investigated associations between social physique anxiety (SPA), drive for muscularity, male body attitudes, appearance comparisons, and self‐compassion. Concurrently, qualitative interviews with 16 individuals engaged in PIEDs interrogated the reasons for body image concerns and adaptive coping strategies around increasing body appreciation. The study emphasises the convergence of muscular ideals across genders and advocates for continued research in this domain.