bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN‐1): A Critical Analysis of Its Value
Authors: Waldmann Jens , Fendrich Volker , Habbe Nils , Bartsch Detlef K. , Slater Emily P. , Kann Peter H. , Rothmund Matthias , Langer Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundScreening of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN‐1) patients is widely recommended because one‐fifth succumb to malignant neoplasms. However, recommendations for screening modalities and intervals are based mostly on nonprospective data.MethodsThirty‐five of 48 MEN‐1 patients were evaluated at least twice by an annual screening program in a single‐center, prospective, nonrandomized study between 1997 and 2006. The screening program comprised anamnesis, clinical examination, imaging procedures, and extensive biochemical evaluations. Prospectively diagnosed lesions were evaluated separately from nonprospectively diagnosed lesions at first evaluation.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 45 years (range = 15–70) at initial assessment. They were followed for a median of 72 months (range = 24–108) by a median of 6 (range = 2–10) evaluations. The vast majority of lesions were nonprospectively diagnosed at initial evaluation: 13 of 17 patients had primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), 24 of 29 had pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs), and 4 of 4 had carcinoids. Vice versa adrenal lesions were mostly prospectively detected (18/23). Malignancy was observed in 10 patients (28%) in the initial assessment and without symptoms in 5 patients (9 PETs, 3 carcinoids). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) of 29 patients detected 88 PETs which were followed for 157 patient years. The mean annual growing rate was 13.28 ± 28.23 mm with respect to the baseline tumor diameter of 9 mm. In 35 patients the mean incidence of newly diagnosed PETs was 0.52/year. Adrenal lesions were invariably nonfunctional. A mean change in diameter of 6.7 ± 23.44% was monitored and malignant transformation was absent.ConclusionsMost lesions are detected at initial screening, particularly malignant tumors. Computed tomography of the abdomen and chest did not identify additional lesions. The interval between screenings could be extended to 3 years based on annually calculated growth rates and the incidence of MEN‐1‐associated lesions. The assessment of calcium, gastrin, and prolactin is sufficient for biochemical screening in MEN‐1.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tin Disulfide (SnS2) Nanowires
Authors: Lin Ya-Ting , Shi Jen-Bin , Chen Yu-Cheng , Chen Chih-Jung , Wu Po-Feng 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The ordered tin disulfide (SnS2) nanowire arrays were first fabricated by sulfurizing the Sn nanowires, which are embedded in the nanochannels of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. SnS2nanowire arrays are highly ordered and highly dense. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns demonstrate the SnS2nanowire is hexagonal polycrystalline. The study of UV/Visible/NIR absorption shows the SnS2nanowire is a wide-band semiconductor with three band gap energies (3.3, 4.4, and 5.8 eV).
Effect of Interfacial Bonds on the Morphology of InAs QDs Grown on GaAs (311) B and (100) Substrates
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Meicheng , Xiong Min , Zhao Liancheng 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The morphology and transition thickness (t
c) for InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown on GaAs (311) B and (100) substrates were investigated. The morphology varies with the composition of buffer layer and substrate orientation. Andt
cdecreased when the thin InGaAs was used as a buffer layer instead of the GaAs layer on (311) B substrates. For InAs/(In)GaAs QDs grown on high miller index surfaces, both the morphology andt
ccan be influenced by the interfacial bonds configuration. This indicates that buffer layer design with appropriate interfacial bonds provides an approach to adjust the morphologies of QDs grown on high miller surfaces.
Hydrothermal Formation of the Head-to-Head Coalesced Szaibelyite MgBO2(OH) Nanowires
Authors: Zhu Wancheng , Zhang Xueyi , Xiang Lan , Zhu Shenlin 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The significant effect of the feeding mode on the morphology and size distribution of the hydrothermal synthesized MgBO2(OH) is investigated, which indicates that, slow dropping rate (0.5 drop s−1) and small droplet size (0.02 mL d−1) of the dropwise added NaOH solution are favorable for promoting the one-dimensional (1D) preferential growth and thus enlarging the aspect ratio of the 1D MgBO2(OH) nanostructures. The joint effect of the low concentration of the reactants and feeding mode on the hydrothermal product results in the head-to-head coalesced MgBO2(OH) nanowires with a length of 0.5–9.0 μm, a diameter of 20–70 nm, and an aspect ratio of 20–300 in absence of any capping reagents/surfactants or seeds.
Subcellular Localization of Thiol-Capped CdTe Quantum Dots in Living Cells
Authors: Zhang Yu , Mi Lan , Xiong Rongling , Wang Pei-Nan , Chen Ji-Yao , Yang Wuli , Wang Changchun , Peng Qian 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Internalization and dynamic subcellular distribution of thiol-capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in living cells were studied by means of laser scanning confocal microscopy. These unfunctionalized QDs were well internalized into human hepatocellular carcinoma and rat basophilic leukemia cells in vitro. Co-localizations of QDs with lysosomes and Golgi complexes were observed, indicating that in addition to the well-known endosome-lysosome endocytosis pathway, the Golgi complex is also a main destination of the endocytosed QDs. The movement of the endocytosed QDs toward the Golgi complex in the perinuclear region of the cell was demonstrated.
Abies koreana Essential Oil Inhibits Drug‐Resistant Skin Pathogen Growth and LPS‐Induced Inflammatory Effects of Murine Macrophage
Authors: Yoon Weon‐Jong , Kim Sang‐Suk , Oh Tae‐Heon , Lee Nam Ho , Hyun Chang‐Gu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSince acne vulgaris is the combined result of a bacterial infection and the inflammatory response to that infection, we examined whether Abies koreana essential oil (AKE) possessed anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial activities against skin pathogens. In this study, AKE showed excellent antibacterial activities against drug‐susceptible and ‐resistant Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which are acne‐causing bacteria. In addition, AKE reduced the LPS‐induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, NO and PGE2 in RAW 264.7 cells, indicating that it has anti‐inflammatory effects. Therefore, we suggest that AKE may be an attractive candidate for promoting skin health.
Selective Synthesis of Diacylglycerols of Conjugated Linoleic Acid
Authors: Hernández‐Martín Estela , Hill Charles G. , Otero Cristina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractQuasi‐quantitative selective production of diacylglycerols (DAG) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was demonstrated using a Penicillium camembertii lipase. Under optimal initial conditions [60 °C, 10% (w/w) biocatalyst based on total reactants, 5:1 molar ratio of free conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to hydroxyl groups in partial glycerides consisting of ca. 90% (w/w) monoacylglycerols (MAG) and ca. 10% (w/w) diacylglycerols (DAG)], reaction for only 4.5 h gave 98.62% DAG and 1.38% MAG. The DAG contained >95% unsaturated fatty acid residues. Predominant DAG were LnLn, LnL and LL, although LO and LP were also significant (Ln = linolenic; L = linoleic; O = oleic; P = palmitic). Effects of the acylating agent (free CLA), solvent, and temperature on undesirable side reactions were determined. Reaction selectivities were similar in n‐hexane and solvent‐free media. The re‐esterified products contained less than 7% saturated fatty acids and a higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid residues (19.00) than the precursor soybean oil (5.22). The biocatalyst retained 55% of its initial activity after use in three consecutive reaction/extraction cycles.
Synergistic Effects of Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil‐ and Poultry Fat‐Based Biodiesel
Authors: de Guzman Rhet , Tang Haiying , Salley Steven , Ng K. Y. Simon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBiodiesel is an alternative fuel composed of saturated and unsaturated methyl ester fatty acids that is very prone to oxidation attack. Exposure to air, heat, light, and metallic contaminants can lead to autoxidation, and the degradation of fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity and total acid number. This study examines the effectiveness of blends of primary antioxidants from combinations of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate (PG), pyrogallol (PY) and tert‐butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) to increase oxidative stability. Results indicate that binary antioxidant formulations: TBHQ:BHA, TBHQ:PG and TBHQ:PY were most effective at 2:1, 1:1, 2:1 weight ratio, respectively in both distilled soybean oil‐ (DSBO) and distilled poultry fat‐ (DPF) based biodiesel. Antioxidant activity increased as the loadings were increased. The synergisms of the antioxidant pairs were different with different biodiesel types, suggesting a dependence on the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition. The best synergistic effect was observed with the TBHQ:BHA blends while the best stabilization factors (SF) were achieved by using the TBHQ:PY blends. Quantification of antioxidant content in stored biodiesel with TBHQ:PY blend demonstrates that the main factor of synergy is the regeneration of PY by TBHQ.
Leisure activity patterns and their associations with overweight: A prospective study among adolescents
Authors: Lajunen Hanna‐Reetta , Keski‐Rahkonen Anna , Pulkkinen Lea , Rose Richard J. , Rissanen Aila , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTWe examined longitudinal associations between individual leisure activities (television viewing, video viewing, computer games, listening to music, board games, musical instrument playing, reading, arts, crafts, socializing, clubs or scouts, sports, outdoor activities) and being overweight using logistic regression and latent class analysis in a cohort of Finnish twins responding to self‐report questionnaires at 11–12 (N = 5184), 14, and 17 years. We also studied activity patterns (“Active and sociable”, “Active but less sociable”, “Passive but sociable”, “Passive and solitary”) thought to represent different lifestyles. Among boys, activity patterns did not predict becoming overweight, but sports and playing an instrument reduced the risk and arts and listening to music increased it. Among girls, few individual leisure activities predicted becoming overweight. However, girls in the “Passive and solitary” cluster carried the greatest risk of becoming overweight in late adolescence. Studying leisure activities related to overweight may help focus specific interventions on high risk groups.
General psychological acceptance and chronic pain: There is more to accept than the pain itself
Authors: McCracken Lance M. , Zhao‐O'Brien Jane 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn increasing body of research demonstrates that acceptance of pain is significantly associated with the quality of daily functioning in people with chronic pain. The aim of the present study was to examine acceptance more broadly in relation to a wider range of undesirable experiences these people may encounter, such as other physical symptoms, experiences of emotional distress, or distressing thoughts. One hundred forty‐four, consecutive, adult patients attending interdisciplinary treatment for chronic pain participated in this study. They completed the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire‐II (AAQ‐II [Bond F, Hayes SC, Baer RA, Carpenter KM, Orcutt HK, Waltz T, Zettle RD. Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance Action Questionnaire‐II: a revised measure of psychological flexibility and acceptance, submitted for publication]), measuring their general psychological acceptance. They also completed measures of emotional, physical, and psychosocial functioning, pain acceptance, and mindfulness. The AAQ‐II achieved satisfactory internal consistency, α = .89, and factor analysis revealed a unitary factor structure. Primary results showed that general psychological acceptance significantly correlated with depression, r = −.69, pain‐related anxiety, r = −.59, physical disability, r = −.42, and psychosocial disability, r = −.65, all p < .001. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that general psychological acceptance added a significant increment of explained variance to the prediction of patient functioning, independent of patient background characteristics, pain, acceptance of pain, and mindfulness. These results suggest that, when people with chronic pain are willing to have undesirable psychological experiences without attempting to control them, they may function better and suffer less. General acceptance may have a unique role to play in the disability and suffering of chronic pain beyond similar processes such as acceptance of pain or mindfulness.
The posterosuperior quadrant of the tympanic membrane
Authors: Paço João , Branco Carla , Estibeiro Hugo , Oliveira e Carmo Diogo 
Published: April 2009

ObjectiveTo document the anatomic relationship of the posterosuperior segment of the tympanic membrane.Study DesignPoint‐prevalence study of postmortem material.Subjects and MaterialsOne hundred seventy temporal bones from adults without history of otologic pathology were studied. The anatomic details of the tympanic membrane were observed, histology was documented on 30 sectioned bones, and, with the use of the scanning electron microscope, lamina propria was studied in 40 bones.ResultsWe established that the posterosuperior quadrant was the largest, representing 28.7 percent of the total area of the eardrum. This feature implies that this quadrant is more likely than are the other quadrants to exhibit changes prompted by pressure challenges. We also verified that the posterosuperior part of tympanic sulcus, above the chorda tympanic nerve, lost its depth in an unexpected way in 60 percent of the cases. In association, we established that at this level there was a decrease in annulus caliber. In 25 percent of cases, by the absence of the circular fibers of lamina propria, the posterosuperior quadrant had only the radial fiber layer.ConclusionsAnatomic and morphologic details in posterosuperior quadrant were newly described and may explain the greater incidence of retraction pockets and marginal perforations that provide origin for the cholesteatoma.
Modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome: Resection of the musculus uvulae
Authors: Shin Seung‐Heon , Ye Mi‐Kyung , Kim Chang‐Gyun 
Published: April 2009

ObjectiveTo assess the outcome of a modified uvulopalatopharynbgoplasty (UPPP) technique with preservation of the uvula mucosa and partial resection of the musculus uvula.Study Design and MethodsA prospective randomized controlled trial. Sixteen male patients underwent a classic UPPP, and another 16 male patients underwent a modified UPPP. The parameters evaluated were the subjective symptom score, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), and polysomnography results.ResultsPostoperative snoring, apnea, morning headache, daytime sleepiness, pharyngeal foreign body sensation, and global discomfort were not significantly different between the two groups. Among seven subjective measures of sleep quality from the PSQI, the subjective sleep quality was significantly improved in both groups. Postoperatively, the SSS was not significantly changed in both groups; however, the ESS was significantly improved in both groups. The polysomnographic findings showed a statistically significantly improvement in the apnea index and the apnea‐hypopnea index.ConclusionAlthough the modified group did not have more profound improvement in sleep quality and decreased postoperative pharyngeal discomfort, modified UPPP was an effective surgical method for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome.
Body mass index bias in defining obesity of diverse young adults: the Training Intervention and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) Study
Authors: Jackson Andrew S. , Ellis Kenneth J. , McFarlin Brian K. , Sailors Mary H. , Bray Molly S. 
Published: April 2009

The BMI cut-score used to define overweight and obesity was derived primarily using data from Caucasian men and women. The present study evaluated the racial/ethnic bias of BMI to estimate the adiposity of young men and women (aged 17–35 years) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) determination of percentage body fat (DXA-BF%) as the referent standard. The samples were 806 women and 509 men who were tested from one to three times over 9 months providing 1300 observations for women and 820 observations for men. Linear mixed models (LMM) regression showed that with age and BMI controlled, DXA-BF% of African-American (AA) men and women, Asian-Indian men and women, Hispanic women and Asian women significantly differed from non-Hispanic white (NHW) men and women. For the same BMI of NHW women, the DXA-BF% of AA women was 1·76 % lower, but higher for Hispanic (1·65 %), Asian (2·65 %) and Asian-Indian (5·98 %) women. For the same BMI of NHW men, DXA-BF% of AA men was 4·59 % lower and 4·29 % higher for Asian-Indian men. Using the recommended BMI cut-scores to define overweight and obesity systematically overestimated overweight and obesity prevalence for AA men and women, and underestimated prevalence for Asian-Indian men and women, Asian women and Hispanic women. The present study extends the generalisability of research documenting the racial/ethnic bias of the universal overweight and obesity BMI cut-scores.
Potential impacts of wind farms on migratory birds crossing Spain
Authors: TELLERÍA JOSÉ LUIS 
Published: April 2009

SummaryOver recent years, Spain has undergone a huge expansion in the number of wind farms, many of which extend across regions crossed by migratory birds that winter in the Iberian Peninsula and Africa. This paper explores the potential impact these structures have on the massive flow of birds along the western Pyrenean flyway. Ringing recoveries of migratory Wood PigeonsColumba palumbuswere used in the study to depict the movements of migratory birds and these were then compared to the distribution of wind farms. The main flow of pigeons (50% of ringing recoveries) was concentrated in a belt 50 km wide. Although the wind farms were mainly distributed outside this central belt, they intercepted an adjacent sector where a considerable number of ringed pigeons (30%) were recorded. This means that the two central bands (100 km wide) accounted for around 80% of the total number of Wood Pigeons crossing the region. These results suggest the need for a scrupulous evaluation of the potential impact of wind farms on migratory birds along this flyway, particularly the cumulative effect on populations crossing the region regularly. In view of the rapid expansion of wind farms in northern Spain, enforcement of the application of EU regulations on preventive measures to protect migratory species is urgently needed.
Assessment of exposure to methylmercury in pregnant Japanese women by FFQ
Authors: Yaginuma-Sakurai Kozue , Shimada Miyuki , Ohba Takashi , Nakai Kunihiko , Suzuki Keita , Kurokawa Naoyuki , Kameo Satomi , Satoh Hiroshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether an FFQ can be used for assessing exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) by estimating MeHg intake from seafood consumption using the FFQ and confirming the accuracy of the estimated value.DesignSeafood consumption of pregnant women was assessed using the FFQ. Total mercury (T-Hg) concentrations of maternal red blood cells (RBC) and hair were measured as exposure indices of MeHg.SettingA prospective birth cohort study, the Tohoku Study of Child Development (TSCD), which has been ongoing since 2001.SubjectsThe subjects were 609 pregnant Japanese women who were enrolled in the TSCD.ResultsMeHg intake was estimated from seafood consumption determined using the FFQ and the MeHg concentrations in each type of seafood. The accuracy of the estimated value was confirmed by comparison with T-Hg in RBC and hair. Estimated MeHg intake was 42·3 μg/week, and 43·0 % of that was from large predatory fish. Compared with the Japanese tolerable weekly intake, in total 12·5 % of the subjects exceeded it. T-Hg concentrations in RBC and hair were significantly correlated with estimated MeHg intake: r = 0·325 (P < 0·0001) for RBC and r = 0·305 (P < 0·0001) for hair.ConclusionsEstimated MeHg intake based on the FFQ was significantly associated with T-Hg concentrations in RBC and hair. Although the estimated value involves uncertainties, the FFQ appears to be a useful tool for assessment of exposure to MeHg.
Effectiveness of recombinant human erythropoietin, vitamin D3and iron therapy on long-term survival of patients with end-stage renal disease receiving haemodialysis: analysis of 702 patients after 10-year follow-up
Authors: Chang Huan-Cheng , Chen Chien-Lung , Chiu Te-Li , Chen Shu-I , Yen Amy Ming-Fang , Chen Tony Hsiu-Hsi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on the long-term prognosis of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingThe largest regional hospital renowned for haemodialysis in northern Taiwan.SubjectsA total of 702 ESRD patients undergoing haemodialysis between 1993 and 2002 were evaluated.ResultsThe rate of overall use of rhEPO, vitamin D3or Fe therapy was 62 %. The 10-year survival rate in patients with rhEPO supplementation was statistically more favourable than that in patients without rhEPO (hazard ratio (HR) = 0·38, 95 % CI 0·30, 0·47,P< 0·0001). Similar findings were noted for patients receiving vitamin D3(HR = 0·36, 95 % CI 0·21, 0·64,P= 0.0004) and Fe (HR = 0·45, 95 % CI 0·33, 0·61,P< 0·0001). After adjusting for age, education and aetiology, the administration of rhEPO resulted in statistically significant improvements in long-term survival rate either with (HR = 0·30, 95 % CI 0·22, 0·42) or without (HR = 0·48, 95 % CI 0·38, 0·61) combined use of Fe or vitamin D3.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a reduction in long-term mortality related to supplementation therapy with rhEPO, vitamin D3and Fe. The findings provide a justification for the administration of combined supplement therapy in patients undergoing haemodialysis.