bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grenville age deformation of the Sudbury impact structure: evidence from magnetic modelling of the Sudbury diabase dyke swarm
Authors: Tschirhart Peter , Morris Bill 
Published: February 2012

Terra Nova, 24, 213–220, 2012AbstractThe Sudbury Structure is located <10 km from the Grenville Front; the northern boundary of the Grenville metamorphic terrane. Previous geological studies have suggested that late Grenvillian deformation (1000–1070 Ma) of the Sudbury Structure was limited to minor brittle deformation. Olivine diabase dykes, which were intruded at 1238 Ma, before the last pulse of Grenville deformation, cross much of the Sudbury Structure. Any Grenville age deformation of the Sudbury Structure therefore should produce systematic displacements in the geometry of the dykes. This study uses information derived from an aeromagnetic survey of the Sudbury Structure to map and measure fault displacements. Lateral displacements of dyke segments define a progressive increase in fault rotation from NE to SW across the basin. A two‐dimensional inversion modelling of magnetic anomaly profiles across segments of the dykes outlines a series of fault blocks with common dip. The dyke dip detected by the inversion models suggests that displacement on the faults included rotation about an axis perpendicular to the trend of the fault. The resulting model of scissor, or splay faults is compatible with previously published palaeomagnetic studies of the olivine dykes in the Sudbury region.
Gender differences in health‐related and family quality of life in young children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Chernyshov Pavel V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground  Atopic dermatitis (AD) has an established impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and family QoL.Objectives  This study was designed to investigate gender differences in health‐related and family QoL in children with AD.Methods  Cohorts of 25 girls and 25 boys with AD aged <4 years were selected from 102 children with AD. Children in the girls’ and boys’ groups were individually matched across groups for age and severity of AD according to their scores on the SCORAD Index (SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis). The children’s parents filled in the Infants’ Dermatitis Quality of Life (IDQoL) Index and the Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) questionnaires.Results  The impact of AD on QoL (P < 0.05) and family QoL (P < 0.05) was more severe in girls. The severity of AD as assessed by the parents was equal in both groups. More parents of girls reported that AD impacted on the “child’s mood” (P < 0.05) and “enjoying family activity” (P < 0.05). “Child’s mood” and “sleep disturbance” were highly scored by parents of girls (P = 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Severity of AD as assessed by parents and IDQoL Index scores correlated with SCORAD scores in both groups. Scores on the DFI correlated with patient age in boys. The child’s age correlated with the emotional distress of parents in both groups and had an impact on “relationships in the family” in girls only. Several DFI items and overall family QoL correlated with patient age in boys.Conclusions  The impact of AD on QoL and family QoL was more severe for girls. Relationships between parents progressively worsen with patient age in girls. Reported gender differences should be further investigated and may influence educational programs and advice given to parents of children with AD.
Skin problems in the long‐distance runner 2500 years after the Battle of Marathon
Authors: Helm Matthew F. , N. Helm Thomas , F. Bergfeld Wilma 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLong‐distance running has evolved into a sport that continues to gain in popularity. Skin problems are common among long distance runners and may prompt athletes to seek medical attention. This paper reviews the skin problems of long distance runners and outlines treatments that we have found to be helpful.
Selective sebaceous gland electrothermolysis as a treatment for acne: a prospective pilot study
Authors: Lee Jin W. , Kim Beom J. , Kim Myeung N. , Ahn Gun Y. , Aso Hiromi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAlthough many therapeutic options exist for acne, relapse often occurs after treatment is stopped. Some preliminary evidence suggests that selective electrothermolysis of the sebaceous glands may represent a novel therapeutic intervention. This trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of selective sebaceous gland electrothermolysis for the treatment of facial acne. Twelve patients with facial acne were enrolled, all of whom underwent three sessions of therapy. During each session, a 1.5‐mm long needle with 0.45‐mm of base insulation was inserted into pores of acne lesions. Upon insertion, a high‐frequency electrical current was applied for 0.25–0.50 seconds, for a total output of 40 W. Each treatment session took approximately 30–60 minutes. Subject response to therapy was evaluated at one month and 12 months after the final treatment. All the enrolled subjects completed the study and all reported satisfaction with treatment results. In all cases, a reduction in inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts was observed after three sessions of selective electrothermolysis, although a few small papules and comedones persisted in several areas of untreated facial skin. Mean lesion reduction at one month after the final treatment was 98.14% for inflammatory lesions and 83.09% for noninflammatory lesions. Clinical success was achieved in the majority of patients (seven of 12 patients) at one month after the second treatment and in all patients at one month after the final treatment. All patients reported transient post‐treatment erythema, which faded after a few days. Clinically evident relapse occurred in two of 12 patients (16.7%) one year after the final treatment session. Selective sebaceous gland electrothermolysis can be a safe and effective method of achieving consistent remission in acne.
Guilty by association: an evaluation of millipedes as pests of carrot and sweet potato
Authors: Brunke A. J. , O’Keefe L. , Bahlai C. A. , Sears M. K. , Hallett R. H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn evaluation of the pest potential of millipede species occurring in Ontario sweet potato and carrot fields was conducted in response to recent grower concerns about the presence of millipedes in close proximity to damaged vegetables. This study is the first North American survey of millipedes on arable soils and the first evaluation of North American millipede damage to sweet potatoes and carrots. Through field surveys,Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctuswas found to be the dominant millipede species in Ontario sweet potatoes and carrots. Fields were surveyed over the growing season, and the factors important to each species’ abundance were evaluated using Minimum AIC Estimation (MAICE). Post‐harvest damage assessments were performed, and MAICE analysis was used to determine which arthropod and environmental parameters were most important in explaining damage to sweet potatoes and carrots. Wireworm (Elateridae) abundance was consistently found to explain root damage better thanC. caeruleocinctusabundance, and it is concluded that the majority of field‐observed damage was caused by wireworms.C. caeruleocinctuswas negatively correlated with both wireworms and damage in carrot fields and is not likely to be a pest of that vegetable. However, abundance ofC. caeruleocinctusin sweet potatoes was positively correlated with both wireworms and damage. This species may cause some damage to sweet potato tubers under field conditions, but management tactics should focus on wireworms as the primary source of damage.
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) resistance and antibiotic use in patients attending Australian general practice
Authors: Toyne Helen , Webber Cameron , Collignon Peter , Dwan Kathryn , Kljakovic Marjan 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBackground/Objectives:  Antibiotic resistance in the community, including transfer between bacteria, is a growing concern for clinicians. Acne is commonly treated in general practice, sometimes with antibiotics. The aim of this study is to measure the rate of carriage of antibiotic resistant Propionibacterium acnes 10 years apart in general practice and the relationship of resistance to type of treatment, as well potential effects on other flora.Methods:  Patients (N = 215) with acne presenting to Australian Capital Territory and south‐eastern New South Wales general practices were swabbed for P. acnes in 1997–1998 and 2007. Clinical details were collected with questionnaires. In 2007 swabs were also taken for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. GP's diagnostic classification of acne was tested using a set of standard photographs.Results:  Resistant P. acnes was isolated from 20 patients (9%) and the proportion that was resistant was the same in 1997–1998 and in 2007. Antibiotic use, particularly topical, was associated with P. acnes resistance. Resistance rates declined with the time elapsed since ceasing antibiotics. Use of retinoids was associated with a decreased chance of growing P. acnes (P = 0.008) but not with decreased resistance. Simultaneous resistance with S. aureus was not detected, but only in 30 patients was S. aureus isolated.Conclusions:  P. acnes resistance was similar in 1997–1998 and in 2007.The chance of a patient carrying a resistant strain of P. acnes is significantly greater with recent exposure to antibiotics, and clinicians should limit prescribing where possible. Resistance disappears rapidly after ceasing antibiotics. Cross resistance with other organisms was not detected in this study.
‘Structure–function relationship’ in glaucoma: past thinking and current concepts
Authors: Malik Rizwan , Swanson William H , Garway‐Heath David F 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn understanding of the relationship between functional and structural measures in primary open‐angle glaucoma is necessary for both grading the severity of disease and for understanding the natural history of the condition. This article outlines the current evidence for the nature of this relationship and highlights the current mathematical models linking structure and function. Large clinical trials demonstrate that both structural and functional change are apparent in advanced stages of disease, and at an individual level, detectable structural abnormality may precede functional abnormality in some patients, whereas the converse is true in other patients. Although the exact nature of the ‘structure–function’ relationship in primary open‐angle glaucoma is still the topic of scientific debate and the subject of continuing research, this article aims to provide the clinician with an understanding of the past concepts and contemporary thinking in relation to the structure–function relationship in primary open‐angle glaucoma.
Are smaller subspecies of common brushtail possums more omnivorous than larger ones?
Authors: CRUZ JENNYFFER , SUTHERLAND DUNCAN R. , MARTIN GARY R. , LEUNG LUKE K.‐P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBody size is often associated with a dietary divergence within taxonomically related groups so that large animals are often folivorous, while smaller species shift progressively towards omnivory or carnivory. This trend may be influenced by allometric constrains which result in relatively high energetic requirements, but low gut capacities in small animals, compared to their large counterparts. The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula, Phalangeridae) has six subspecies ranging widely in weight (1–4 kg). They are not strictly folivorous, but supplement their diet with more nutritious, non‐foliar foods. We predicted that T. vulpecula subspecies diverged in diet in association with body size, with smaller subspecies consuming higher proportions of non‐foliar foods. We assessed this with a review and a meta‐analysis of previous Australian studies. We also investigated the previously unquantified diet of T. v. hypoleucus at three sites in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia. Results from the meta‐analysis and the review supported our prediction. However, the large variability in the data highlighted their limitations and those of the techniques commonly used to quantify the diet of T. vulpecula. Nonetheless, small subspecies of T. vulpecula appear to consume higher proportions of non‐foliar foods. These results should encourage further research into the body size/diet relationship within T. vulpecula and other possum species. Results from the dietary study of T. v. hypoleucus emphasized their omnivorous diet, which was dominated by foliage and flowers and smaller proportions of invertebrates, seeds and fruits. The common brushtail possum is seldom an exclusive arboreal folivore, but rather ranges from folivory to omnivory.
Key components of de‐escalation techniques: A thematic synthesis
Authors: Price Owen , Baker John 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTDe‐escalation techniques are a highly recommended set of therapeutic interventions that are frequently used to prevent violence and aggression within mental health services. A thematic synthesis literature review identified 11 international papers. Seven themes emerged from the data synthesis. The first three related broadly to staff skills, including: characteristics of effective de‐escalators, maintaining personal control, and verbal and non‐verbal skills. The last four relate to the process of intervening and include: engaging with the patient, when to intervene, ensuring safe conditions for de‐escalation, and strategies for de‐escalation (including two sub‐themes, autonomy confirming interventions, and limit‐setting and authoritative interventions). De‐escalation techniques are an example of a complex intervention, which has been overlooked by rigorous research, and it is often assumed that staff are able to perform these techniques in clinical practice.
Hippocampal CA3 and CA2 have distinct bilateral innervation patterns to CA1 in rodents
Authors: Shinohara Yoshiaki , Hosoya Aki , Yahagi Kazuko , Ferecskó Alex S. , Yaguchi Kunio , Sík Attila , Itakura Makoto , Takahashi Masami , Hirase Hajime 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIpsilateral and contralateral hippocampal CA3–CA1 and CA2–CA1 projections were investigated in adult male Long–Evans rats by retrograde tracing. Injection of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B in the strata oriens and radiatum of dorsal CA1 resulted in labeling of predominantly pyramidal cells in ipsilateral and contralateral CA3 and CA2. The contralateral and ipsilateral anterior–posterior extents of CA3 innervation to CA1 were similar. Fifteen to twenty per cent of the hippocampus proper cells that give rise to CA1 stratum oriens innervation were CA2 pyramidal cells, whereas CA2 cells were a mere 3% for CA1 stratum radiatum innervation. The preferred projection of CA2 pyramidal cells to the CA1 stratum oriens was also manifested in transgenic mice that express GFP under the control of the CACNG5 promoter, in which CA2 cells express high amounts of GFP. The ratios of ipsilateral to contralateral projections were compared. For the CA3–CA1 connection, we found that dorsal CA1 stratum radiatum received more ipsilateral projections whereas CA1 stratum oriens received more contralateral innervation. Interestingly, ipsilateral connections dominated for both CA2–CA1 stratum oriens and CA2–CA1 stratum radiatum. These results demonstrate that the primary intrahippocampal target of CA2 pyramidal cells is the ipsilateral CA1 stratum oriens, in contrast to CA3 cells which project more diversely to bilateral CA1 regions. Such innervation patterns may suggest differential dendritic information processing in apical and basal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells.
Traumatic corneal laceration with associated lens capsule disruption: a retrospective study of 77 clinical cases from 1999 to 2009
Authors: Paulsen Michael E. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective  Examine prognostic factors that may indicate when surgical lens removal is indicated to prevent vision‐threatening complications in patients presented following traumatic perforating corneal laceration with associated lens capsule disruption.Procedures  Seventy‐seven patients (10 cats and 67 dogs) were evaluated with this injury; of these, 47 were presented acutely and treated surgically and/or medically. Successful outcome was defined as functional vision in the treated eye.Results  The 47 patients with acute injuries were divided into 3 treatment groups A‐C for comparison; A ‐ corneal repair/lens removal (n = 15), B ‐ corneal repair/no lens removal (n = 9), C – medical management (n = 23). Groups A and B showed a significantly greater rate of vision loss compared to Group C that was most obvious greater than 18 months post‐injury (P = 0.029 and 0.0097, respectively). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis found a significantly higher increased rate of vision loss in Group A (HR = 4.5; P = 0.023) and a higher but nonsignificant increased rate of vision loss in Group B (HR = 3.0; P = 0.23) compared to Group C after controlling for age and cause of injury. The length of the corneal laceration and time interval from injury to referral were also relevant prognostic factors.Conclusions  Medical management is an appropriate therapy for patients of all ages suffering perforating corneal injuries with associated lens capsule disruption. Patients with corneal injuries requiring surgical repair or managed by lens removal following corneal repair suffered vision‐threatening complications approximately 3 to 4.5 times the rate of patients treated by medical management, respectively. Favorable prognostic signs for treatment by medical management include good corneal wound apposition and a formed anterior chamber without uveal prolapse or continued aqueous leakage.
Robotic single port suprapubic transvesical enucleation of the prostate (R‐STEP): initial experience
Authors: Fareed Khaled , Zaytoun Osama M. , Autorino Riccardo , White Wesley M. , Crouzet Sebastien , Yakoubi Rachid , Haber George‐Pascal , White Michael A. , Kaouk Jihad H. 
Published: February 2012

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Single port transvesical enucleation of the prostate (STEP) performed through a solitary suprapubic incision using a single access port inserted directly into the bladder has been demonstrated to be technically feasible but still challenging.3.Despite being feasible and providing adequate relief of bladder outlet obstruction, robotic STEP carries a high risk of complications. Further evolution of the technique is likely to be strictly dependent on the development of instrumentation.OBJECTIVE
To report our initial experience with a novel robot assisted single port procedure for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
METHODS
Between March 2009 and July 2010, nine patients with symptomatic BPH were scheduled for robotic single port suprapubic transvesical enucleation of the prostate (R‐STEP).
Prior to intervention, all were submitted to preoperative transrectal ultrasound of the prostate and uroflowmetry.
The surgical procedure included an initial transurethral incision of the prostatic apex. With the patient in the supine position, an approximate 3 cm lower midline incision was made. A cystotomy was created and a GelPort® laparoscopic system positioned in the bladder. The da Vinci S™ robotic operating system was docked through the GelPort® platform and enucleation was performed.
Perioperative outcomes and short‐term postoperative functional outcomes were assessed. Intra‐operative and postoperative complications, graded according to the Dindo‐Clavien system, were recorded.
RESULTS
One patient was excluded from the analysis as the procedure was aborted and converted to open simple prostatectomy.
Median operative time was 3.9 h. Median visual analogue pain scale on discharge was 2. Estimated blood loss was 425 mL. Two patients required intra‐operative blood transfusion.
Postoperatively, two patients developed clot retention and required evacuation and fulguration (grade IIIb), one of them had a deep vein thrombosis (grade II) and a urinary tract infection (grade II). One patient was admitted to the intensive care unit after a myocardial infarction (grade IVa). All patients were discharged after a median of 4.5 days.
There was almost three and four times postoperative improvement in both median maximum flow (Qmax) and average flow (Qave) rates, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The first series of R‐STEP is reported herein. Despite being feasible and providing adequate relief of bladder outlet obstruction, the procedure carries a high risk of complications. Further evolution of the technique is likely to be strictly dependent on the development of instrumentation. Thus, its role in the surgical armamentarium of BPH remains to be determined.
Obesity in the news: directions for future research
Authors: Atanasova D. , Koteyko N. , Gunter B. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryObesity attracts large volumes of news coverage. This in turn has spawned academic studies investigating how news framing may affect views about causes of and solutions to obesity. We use key studies to demonstrate that although existing research has made valuable discoveries about how obesity is defined in various media outlets, some methodological and theoretical questions remain unaddressed. We argue that extant research has focused on one dimension of analysis – the problematization of obesity in news stories – precluding insights into the entire process of obesity communication. Drawing on framing and media studies research, we propose a multidimensional approach to shed more light on factors affecting the production of obesity news stories by journalists and how they may be received by audience members. Ways of moving research into this multidimensional direction are proposed, including analysis of journalistic news values, political leaning and style of media outlets, emotion‐eliciting language, readers' comments and obesity‐related news visuals. Knowledge resulting from the exploration of these dimensions of the issue of obesity can be used to improve strategies to inform and engage audience members.
Supranational Fundamental Rights or Primacy of Sovereignty?
Authors: Belling Vojtech 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis analysis explores in detail various aspects of the possible legal impact of ‘British’ Protocol No 30 (the so‐called opt‐out from the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights). On the basis of a legal appraisal, it concludes that the Protocol is not in any way to be understood as a substantial derogation from the standard of protection of fundamental rights in the EU or as an ‘opt‐out’ from the Charter in a substantial sense. Nevertheless, its significance is definitely not to be underestimated. Its adoption as a source of primary law enshrines a legally binding interpretation of the Charter and, in particular, an interpretation of its horizontal provisions. In Article 1(2) and Article 2, the Protocol in fact confirms that the application of the Charter cannot lead to a change in the existing competencies framework. These provisions are of a declaratory nature and apply to all Member States. In Article 1(1), the Protocol is of a constitutive nature since it rules out an extensive interpretation of what can be considered national legal acts adopted in the implementation of EU law only for those States signed up to the Protocol. This specifically means that if, in the future, as part of the application of the Charter, the Court of Justice of the EU (ECJ) has a tendency to subsume a certain area of national legislation under the ‘implementation of Union law’ outside the field of implementing standards, in the spirit of the Ellinki Radiophonia Tileorassi judgment (and subsequently allow their reviewability with respect to their conformity with the Charter), such action would be admissible only for those Member States that have not acceded to the Protocol. However, the Protocol cannot exclude the continued application of the general principles of law instead of the positively constituted fundamental rights in the Charter by the ECJ.