bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritability of regional and global brain structure at the onset of puberty: A magnetic resonance imaging study in 9‐year‐old twin pairs
Authors: Peper Jiska S. , Schnack Hugo G. , Brouwer Rachel M. , Van Baal G. Caroline M. , Pjetri Eneda , Székely Eszter , van Leeuwen Marieke , van den Berg Stéphanie M. , Collins D. Louis , Evans Alan C. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Kahn René S. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPuberty represents the phase of sexual maturity, signaling the change from childhood into adulthood. During childhood and adolescence, prominent changes take place in the brain. Recently, variation in frontal, temporal, and parietal areas was found to be under varying genetic control between 5 and 19 years of age. However, at the onset of puberty, the extent to which variation in brain structures is influenced by genetic factors (heritability) is not known. Moreover, whether a direct link between human pubertal development and brain structure exists has not been studied. Here, we studied the heritability of brain structures at 9 years of age in 107 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs (N = 210 individuals) using volumetric MRI and voxel‐based morphometry. Children showing the first signs of secondary sexual characteristics (N = 47 individuals) were compared with children without these signs, based on Tanner‐stages. High heritabilities of intracranial, total brain, cerebellum, and gray and white matter volumes (up to 91%) were found. Regionally, the posterior fronto‐occipital, corpus callosum, and superior longitudinal fascicles (up to 93%), and the amygdala, superior frontal and middle temporal cortices (up to 83%) were significantly heritable. The onset of secondary sexual characteristics of puberty was associated with decreased frontal and parietal gray matter densities. Thus, in 9‐year‐old children, global brain volumes, white matter density in fronto‐occipital and superior longitudinal fascicles, and gray matter density of (pre‐)frontal and temporal areas are highly heritable. Pubertal development may be directly involved in the decreases in gray matter areas that accompany the transition of our brains from childhood into adulthood. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Running exercise‐induced up‐regulation of hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor is CREB‐dependent
Authors: Chen Michael J. , Russo‐Neustadt Amelia A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed burgeoning evidence that antidepressant medications and physical exercise increase the expression of hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This phenomenon has gained widespread appeal, because BDNF is one of the first macromolecules observed to play a central role not only in the treatment of mood disorders, but also in neuronal survival‐, growth‐, and plasticity‐related signaling cascades. Thus, it has become critical to understand how BDNF synthesis is regulated. Much evidence exists that changes in BDNF expression result from the activation/phosphorylation of the transcription factor, cAMP‐response‐element binding protein (CREB) following the administration of antidepressant medications. Utilizing a mouse model genetically engineered with an inducible CREB repressor, our current study provides evidence that increases in BDNF expression and cellular survival signaling resulting from physical exercise are also dependent upon activation of this central transcription factor. The transcription and expression of hippocampal BDNF, as well as the activation of Akt, a key survival signaling molecule, were measured following acute exercise, and also following short‐term treatment with the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, reboxetine. We found that both interventions led to a marked increase in hippocampal BDNF mRNA, BDNF protein, and Akt phosphorylation (as well as CREB phosphorylation) in wild‐type mice. As expected, activation of the CREB repressor in mutant mice sharply decreased CREB phosphorylation. In addition, all measures noted above remained at baseline levels when mutant mice exercised or received reboxetine. Increases in BDNF and phospho‐Akt were also prevented when mutant mice received a combination of exercise and antidepressant treatment. The results are discussed in the context of what is currently known about BDNF signaling. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of retrograde amnesia for recent and remote incidental spatial learning in rats
Authors: Gaskin Stephane , Tardif Marilyn , Mumby Dave G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA non‐navigational test of incidental spatial learning was used to determine whether hippocampal damage causes temporally‐graded retrograde amnesia (TGRA) for allocentric‐spatial information. Rats were exposed to two identical objects in a circular open field for 7 min on seven consecutive days. In the 1–3 days after the last day of familiarization, rats received neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampal formation (HPC) or sham lesions. Another two groups received the same lesions 3 weeks after familiarization. The rats were then placed back in the open field with one object displaced, and the time spent in each of the quadrants as well as time spent exploring the objects was recorded. Rats that received HPC lesions 3 weeks but not 1–3 days after familiarization showed evidence of preserved remote spatial memory; however, their remote memory was expressed through different behavior than control rats. Rats with HPC lesions spent more time with the displaced object than with the object that remained in the same place, whereas control rats spent more time in the quadrant where the displaced object used to be. These results suggest that remote spatial memories may be preserved with a sufficiently long familiarization‐to‐surgery interval before HPC lesions, but that the nature of these memories may differ in quantity and/or quality from those of intact rats. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrological and sediment yield response to summer rainfall in a small high Arctic watershed
Authors: Dugan Hilary A. , Lamoureux Scott F. , Lafrenière Melissa J. , Lewis Ted 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn cold regions, the response and related antecedent mechanisms that produce flood flows from rainfall events have received limited study. In 2007, a small watershed at Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut, was studied in detail during the melt season. Two rainfall events on June 30 and July 22, totalling 9·2 and 10·8 mm, respectively, represented significant contributions to seasonal discharge and sediment transport in a year with a low winter snowpack. The precipitation events elevated discharge and suspended sediment concentrations to twice the magnitude of the nival melt, and generated the only measurable downstream lacustrine turbidity current of the season. In two days, rainfall runoff transported 35% of the seasonal suspended sediment load, in contrast to 29% transported over the nival freshet. The magnitude and intensity of the rain events were not unusual in this setting, but the rainfall response was substantial in comparison with equivalent past events. Exceptional temperatures of July 2007 generated early, deep permafrost thaw, and ground ice melt. The resultant increase in soil moisture amplified the subsequent rainfall runoff and sediment transport response. These results demonstrate the importance of antecedent moisture conditions and the role of permafrost active layer development as an important factor in the rainfall runoff and sediment transport response to precipitation events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors controlling the spatial variability of surface soil moisture within revegetated‐stabilized desert ecosystems of the Tengger Desert, Northern China
Authors: Pan Yan‐Xia , Wang Xin‐Ping 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe spatial structure of surface soil moisture was investigated at a grid scale with 10 × 10 m intervals on a plot of 4500 m2 in a re‐vegetated desert area in Shapotou, the Tengger Desert. The site topography varies from dune crest to dune hollow, and again to dune crest. Volumetric soil moisture contents were measured 21 times over 6 months in 2006 by using Delta‐T Theta‐Probes in the 0–6 cm surface soil layer before and after rainfall. At the same time, soil texture, relative elevation, and plant coverage were measured, to examine (i) the spatial variability of surface soil moisture; (ii) the main factors controlling the spatial variability patterns; and (iii) how the importance of these factors varies with the seasonal variations in soil moisture content. The results indicated that the normal distribution of surface soil moisture was more obvious in wet conditions than in dry conditions; the spatial variability of surface soil moisture was inherent and decreased with increased soil moisture content; and precipitation increased the spatial dependence of surface soil moisture. The relative elevation of the landscape, the shrub coverage of the community, and the soil texture were the main factors influencing surface soil moisture variability, while the effect of soil texture strengthened gradually following the heavy precipitation events. The correlation between the spatial variability of surface soil moisture and the environmental factors, such as, the dry and wet conditions, the landscape coverage and the relative elevation suggests that increasing stability of the soil moisture resulted in a significant increase of soil moisture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Religious coping among jews: development and initial validation of the JCOPE
Authors: Rosmarin David H. , Pargament, Kenneth I. , Krumrei Elizabeth J. , Flannelly Kevin J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNumerous studies have underscored the importance of religious coping in psychological health and illness; however, the majority of research in this area has been conducted with Christian samples and knowledge about other religious groups is lacking. Although recent investigations have developed scales to measure religious coping among Hindus and Muslims, the potential for future research in Jewish populations remains limited as no measures of religious coping have been validated in the general Jewish community. This two‐part study reports on the development and validation of the 16‐item Jewish Religious Coping Scale (JCOPE). In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis identified two factors reflecting positive and negative religious coping strategies, and the concurrent validity for the measure was evaluated by examining correlations with indices of Jewish beliefs and practices. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) verified the JCOPE's 2‐factor structure, and the scale's incremental validity was evaluated by examining Jewish religious coping as a predictor of psychological distress over and above significant covariates. Results suggest that the JCOPE has good psychometric properties, and that religious coping is a significant predictor of psychological distress among Jews. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–14, 2009.
Growth consulting: practical methods of facilitating growth through loss and adversity
Authors: Fazio Robert J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe way that people lead themselves and others through crisis, loss, and adversity impacts their future and the future of those around them. Traditionally, mental health professionals have emphasized the negative consequences of crisis and loss. I present a story of how the simple act of holding the door for others on September 11th created a foundation for positive interventions. I offer the OTHERS(S) model and the process of growth consulting as practical means of creating growth as a result of loss or adversity. A case illustration and examples of clinical methods to facilitate Growth Through Loss and Adversity (GTLA) are provided. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65: 1–12, 2009.
Production of α‐amylase under solid‐state fermentation utilizing coffee waste
Authors: Murthy Pushpa S. , Madhava Naidu M. , Srinivas Pullabhatla 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCoffee industry substrates such as coffee pulp, coffee cherry husk, silver skin, spent coffee and mixtures of these coffee wastes (MC) were evaluated for their efficacy as sole carbon source for the synthesis of α‐amylase in solid‐state fermentation (SSF) using a fungal strain of Neurospora crassa CFR 308. For SSF with coffee pulp and with MC, α‐amylase activity of 3908 U g−1 ds (units per gram of dry substrate) and 3870 U g−1 ds, respectively, was observed. Parameters such as moisture (60%), pH (4.6), temperature (28 °C), particle size (1.0 mm), inoculum size (107 spores g−1 ds), and fermentation time (5 days) were optimized for enzyme synthesis, wherein 4981 and 4324 U g−1 U g−1 ds of α‐amylase activity was obtained in SSF with coffee pulp and MC, respectively. The enzyme production was further improved when the substrates were subjected to pre‐treatment by steaming. Accordingly, maximum α‐amylase activity of 7084 U g−1 ds and 6342 U g−1 ds was obtained with steam‐pretreated coffee pulp and MC, respectively, demonstrating them to be excellent sole carbon sources for synthesis of α‐amylase production. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Gene expression study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under changing growth conditions
Authors: Fu Pengcheng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: DNA microarrays technology has been used to obtain expression profiles of thousands of genes at the same time for a given organism at relatively low costs. While gene expression approaches are being developed which allow holistic analysis of complex biological processes, there exist very few illustrative examples on the integration of large scale modeling and high throughput time course experiments to upgrade the information contents on yeast biology.RESULTS: Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell culture experiments with perturbed growth conditions were designed so that the metabolic states would be shifted from one to another. Microarrays were used to explore changes in gene expression across the entire yeast genome during the perturbation experiments. Changes in transcript abundance in these growth periods were investigated to study the cellular response to different glucose and oxygen supply. Computational results and experimental observations representing the three characteristic metabolic states were compared on the S. cerevisiae metabolic pathways, as well as the visualization platform provided by the metabolic phenotypic phase plane (PhPP) for the gene regulation on cell metabolism and adaptation of cells to environmental changes.CONCLUSIONS: The integrated expression study described reveals that S. cerevisiae cells respond to environmental changes mainly by down‐regulating a number of genes to alter the cell metabolism so that the cells adapt to the variations in their growth conditions. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Volatile and non‐volatile acids of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit
Authors: Pino Jorge A , Márquez Eliosbel , Castro Déborah 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Volatile and non‐volatile acids were analysed in noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit by a combination of conventional sampling methods with gas chromatography/flame ionisation detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A total of 34 volatile acids and 26 non‐volatile acids were identified in noni fruit. Octanoic acid (3.06 g kg−1) and hexanoic acid (0.33 g kg−1) were the major volatile acids, while malic acid (3.28 g kg−1), malonic acid (1.46 g kg−1) and fumaric acid (1.03 g kg−1) were the main non‐volatile acids.CONCLUSION: The combination of conventional isolation methods and instrumental techniques provided the most representative information so far on noni fruit acids. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Design of Experiment (DoE) as a Tool for the Optimization of Source Conditions in SEC‐ESI‐MS of Functional Synthetic Polymers Synthesized via ATRP
Authors: Gruendling Till , Guilhaus Michael , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDesign of experiment (DoE) is applied to establish the optimum ionization conditions for analyzing synthetic polymers via coupled size exclusion chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SEC‐ESI‐MS) yielding maximum ionization efficiency. The ion source conditions were optimized with regard to the ionization efficiency, the amount of fragmentation, as well as the formation of salt adducts. A D‐optimal experimental design was employed for this purpose and the recorded data were evaluated by a quadratic response surface model, accounting for possible interactions between the individual source settings. It was established that the ionization efficiency can be improved by up to one order of magnitude without compromising the softness of the ionization process and that optimal ionization conditions are found at similar source settings regardless of the charge state. The present optimization exercise therefore provides a hands‐on guide for the use of experimental design to determine optimum ionization conditions during the SEC‐ESI‐MS of functional polymers.magnified image
Synthesis and ring‐opening polymerization of macrocyclic aryl ketone oligomers
Authors: Guo Q. Z. , Wang H. H. , Wu J. Y. , Guo D. , Chen T. L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of macrocyclic aryl ketone oligomers were prepared by the reaction of phthaloyl dichloride or isophthaloyl dichloride with various bridge‐linking electron‐rich aromatic hydrocarbons 3a–d under pseudo‐high dilution conditions in the presence of Lewis base via Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction. Detailed structural characterization of these oligomers confirmed the cyclic nature by a combination of MALDI‐TOF‐MS, GPC, and 1H NMR analyses. These cyclic ketone oligomers have high solubility in organic solvents and the cyclic oligomers derived from phthaloyl dichloride are amorphous. The cyclic ketone oligomers readily undergo anionic ring‐opening polymerization in the melt by using potassium 4,4′‐biphenoxide as the initiator, producing linear, high molecular weight poly(ether ketone)s. Moreover, the isothermal chemorheology of the ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic oligomers 4a and 4b was also investigated. The results show that the shear viscosity of the molten reactive mixture is lower than 10 Pa · S at a constant shear rate of 0.05 rad/sec and increases slowly in the initial stage of ring‐opening polymerization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amniocentesis in the second trimester and congenital talipes equinovarus in the offspring: a population‐based record linkage study in Scotland
Authors: Cardy A. H. , Torrance N. , Clark D. , Miedzybrodzka Z. , Sharp L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate whether amnniocentesis in the second trimester is associated with congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) in the offspring.MethodsCase‐control study nested within a population‐based cohort, developed through linkage of the Scottish Congenital Anomalies Linked Database with records of amniocentesis from cytogenetics laboratories, including 564 299 singleton births 1992–2001. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for CTEV in the offspring (isolated, non‐isolated, total) were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for maternal age, year of birth and health board of birth.ResultsThere was a modest positive association between total CTEV and amniocentesis at any time (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.99–1.65) and at ≥ 15 weeks (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 0.95–1.64). The association was strongest for non‐isolated CTEV (amniocentesis any time: OR = 1.68, 95%CI 1.08–2.61; amniocentesis ≥ 15 weeks: OR = 1.81, 95%CI 1.16–2.83). Amniocentesis at ≥ 20 weeks was associated with increased risk of total (OR = 5.87, 95% CI 3.38–10.21), non‐isolated (OR = 13.17, 95% CI 6.49–26.74) and isolated CTEV (OR = 3.10, 95% CI 1.28–7.49). There were no associations in mothers aged ≥ 35 years.ConclusionsThe modest association observed is most likely accounted for by amniocenteses conducted because of an earlier abnormal prenatal test. Thus, second trimester amniocentesis is unlikely to contribute to the development of CTEV in the offspring. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester Down syndrome screening performance in the Dutch population; how to achieve further improvement?
Authors: Wortelboer E. J. , Koster M. P. H. , Stoutenbeek Ph. , Elvers L. H. , Loeber J. G. , Visser G. H. A. , Schielen P. C. J. I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo study the performance of the first‐trimester combined test between 2004 and 2006 compared to a previous period to investigate changes in time and identify reasons for sub‐optimal performance.MethodsSerum samples were analysed for pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) and the free β subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (fβ‐hCG). Nuchal translucency (NT) was measured between 10 and 14 weeks. Tests were considered screen positive, if their calculated Down syndrome (DS) risk was at least 1 in 250 at term.ResultsA total of 20 293 singleton pregnancies were included in the analysis. The median maternal age fell from 35.7 to 34.3 years. The overall median weight‐corrected multiple of the median (MoM) values of PAPP‐A and fβ‐hCG were 1.12 and 1.03, respectively. The median MoM value of NT was 0.89 and increased from 0.82 to 0.96. Sixty‐six DS cases were detected by the screening test. The detection rate (DR) for DS was 75.9%, with a FPR of 3.3%.ConclusionThe performance of the first‐trimester test has improved over the years. A better performance of the NT measurement was the main reason, although NT assessment should further be improved. In addition, a better setting of the medians for the biochemical parameters may contribute to a higher DR. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative analysis of cell signaling and drug action via mass spectrometry‐based systems level phosphoproteomics
Authors: Tedford Nathan C. , Hall Amy B. , Graham James R. , Murphy Cheryl E. , Gordon Neal F. , Radding Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is a primary form of information transfer in cell signaling pathways and plays a crucial role in regulating biological responses. Aberrant phosphorylation has been implicated in a number of diseases, and kinases and phosphatases, the cellular enzymes that control dynamic phosphorylation events, present attractive therapeutic targets. However, the innate complexity of signaling networks has presented many challenges to therapeutic target selection and successful drug development. Approaches in phosphoproteomics can contribute functional, systems‐level datasets across signaling networks that can provide insight into suitable drug targets, more broadly profile compound activities, and identify key biomarkers to assess clinical outcomes. Advances in MS‐based phosphoproteomics efforts now provide the ability to quantitate phosphorylation with throughput and sensitivity to sample a significant portion of the phosphoproteome in clinically relevant systems. This review will discuss recent work and examples of application data that demonstrate the utility of MS, with a particular focus on the use of quantitative phosphoproteomics and phosphotyrosine‐directed signaling analyses to provide robust measurement for functional biological interpretation of drug action on signaling and phenotypic outcomes.