bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-human primate dendritic cells
Authors: Jesudason Shilpanjali , Collins Michael G , Rogers Natasha M , Kireta Svjetlana , Coates P Toby H 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTNon-human primates (NHP) are essential translational models for biomedical research. Dendritic cells (DC) are a group of antigen presenting cells (APC) that play pivotal roles in the immunobiology of health and disease and are attractive cells for adoptive immunotherapy to stimulate and suppress immunity. DC have been studied extensively in humans and mice but until recently, have not been well characterized in NHP. This review considers the available data about DC across a range of NHP species and summarizes the understanding of in vitro-propagated DC and in vivo-isolated DC, which is now established. It is clear that although NHP DC exist within the paradigm of human DC, there are important functional and phenotypic differences when compared with human DC subsets. These differences need to be taken into account when designing preclinical, translational studies of DC therapy using NHP models.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein for Differentiating Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Ischemia in Patients with Symptoms of Acute Stroke
Authors: Foerch Christian , Niessner Marion , Back Tobias , Bauerle Michael , De Marchis Gian Marco , Ferbert Andreas , Grehl Holger , Hamann Gerhard F , Jacobs Andreas , Kastrup Andreas , Klimpe Sven , Palm Frederick , Thomalla Götz , Worthmann Hans ,   BE FAST Study Group, Sitzer Matthias 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a biomarker candidate indicative of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with symptoms of acute stroke. GFAP is released rapidly in the presence of expanding intracerebral bleeding, whereas a more gradual release occurs in ischemic stroke. In this study the diagnostic accuracy of plasma GFAP was determined in a prospective multicenter approach.METHODSWithin a 1-year recruitment period, patients suspected of having acute (symptom onset &lt;4.5 h before admission) hemispheric stroke were prospectively included into the study in 14 stroke centers in Germany and Switzerland. A blood sample was collected at admission, and plasma GFAP was measured by use of an electrochemiluminometric immunoassay. The final diagnosis, established at hospital discharge, was classified as ICH, ischemic stroke, or stroke mimic.RESULTSThe study included 205 patients (39 ICH, 163 ischemic stroke, 3 stroke mimic). GFAP concentrations were increased in patients with ICH compared with patients with ischemic stroke [median (interquartile range) 1.91 μg/L (0.41–17.66) vs 0.08 μg/L (0.02–0.14), P &lt; 0.001]. Diagnostic accuracy of GFAP for differentiating ICH from ischemic stroke and stroke mimic was high [area under the curve 0.915 (95% CI 0.847–0.982), P &lt; 0.001]. A GFAP cutoff of 0.29 μg/L provided diagnostic sensitivity of 84.2% and diagnostic specificity of 96.3% for differentiating ICH from ischemic stroke and stroke mimic.CONCLUSIONSPlasma GFAP analysis performed within 4.5 h of symptom onset can differentiate ICH and ischemic stroke. Studies are needed to evaluate a GFAP point-of-care system that may help optimize the prehospital triage and management of patients with symptoms of acute stroke.
Compatibilization of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polypropylene blends: Effect of polypropylene molecular weight on homogeneity and compatibility
Authors: Inoya Hiroyuki , Wei Leong Yew , Klinklai Warunee , Thumsorn Supaporn , Makata Yuki , Hamada Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe effectiveness of compatibilizers in enhancing the dispersion of polypropylene (PP) at various molecular weights in recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET) was elucidated. The idea of incorporating PP of different molecular weights evolved from the intention of simultaneously recycling the PET bottles together with the PP‐based bottle caps, which are often of low molecular weight (Mw). Three grades of PP with known molecular weights were blended with RPET at various loadings of compatibilizers. Morphological analyses suggest that the dispersion of the PP particles was more homogeneous, and the average particle size was smaller when low Mw PP was incorporated. This indicates that the interaction between the compatibilizer and PP particles was more intense with the presence of a large number but shorter PP molecular chains. Moreover, specimens containing low Mw PP were found to remain homogeneous regardless of compatibilizer and PP content in the RPET/PP blends. The homogeneity of the blends significantly affected their mechanical performance as well. Higher stiffness, yield strength, deformability, and toughness were observed when low Mw PP was incorporated, regardless of PP and compatibilizer loadings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The use of electroconvulsive therapy in a cohort of forensic psychiatric patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Kristensen Diana , Brandt‐Christensen Mette , Ockelmann Hans Henrik , Jørgensen Martin Balslev 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn Denmark, over 2500 people are in psychiatric treatment in forensic mental health services at any one time, most suffering from schizophrenia. Many of them have illnesses that are resistant to medication. There is evidence of the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for schizophrenia, but not explicitly for this complex forensic group.AimsThe aim of this study was to describe the outcome of using ECT as augmentation therapy in a cohort of forensic psychiatric patients with schizophrenia who were failing to respond to antipsychotic medication.MethodsIn one university‐based psychiatric clinic, data were extracted from the medical records of all patients treated with ECT during a 6‐year period. Fifty‐nine of these patients were diagnosed within the schizophrenia spectrum and eight were in specialist forensic hospital services.ResultsThe mean duration of illness for the forensic cohort was 16 years (range 3–33 years), with the index episode having lasted a mean of 34 months (3 weeks to 8 years) in spite of treatment with at least two antipsychotic drugs. Psychotic symptoms were accompanied by seriously assaultive behaviour in all cases. All but one of these patients had an excellent or good symptomatic and behavioural response to ECT. Half (four) went on to maintenance ECT. No adverse effects were documented.ConclusionECT is rarely used in specialist secure services, but should not be forgotten as a treatment that may enable medication‐resistant, assaultive psychotic patients to progress safely out to the community. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunological consequences of arthropod vector‐derived salivary factors
Authors: Leitner Wolfgang W. , Costero‐Saint Denis Adriana , Wali Tonu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDiseases, such as malaria, dengue, leishmaniasis and tick‐borne encephalitis, affect a substantial percentage of the world's population and continue to result in significant morbidity and mortality. One common aspect of these diseases is that the pathogens that cause them are transmitted by the bite of an infected arthropod (e.g. mosquito, sand fly, tick). The pathogens are delivered into the skin of the mammalian host along with arthropod saliva, which contains a wide variety of bioactive molecules. These saliva components are capable of altering hemostasis and immune responses and may contribute to the ability of the pathogen to establish an infection. The biological and immunological events that occur during pathogen transmission are poorly understood but may hold the key to novel approaches to prevent transmission and/or infection. In May 2011, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the Department of Health and Human Services hosted a workshop entitled Immunological Consequences of Vector‐Derived Factors which brought together experts in skin immunology, parasitology and vector biology to outline the gaps in our understanding of the process of pathogen transmission, to explore new approaches to control pathogen transmission, and to initiate and foster multidisciplinary collaborations among these investigators.
Pathogenic Potential of Campylobacter ureolyticus
Authors: Burgos-Portugal Jose A. , Kaakoush Nadeem O. , Raftery Mark J. , Mitchell Hazel M. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

The recent detection and isolation of the aflagellate
Campylobacter ureolyticus
(previously known as
Bacteroides ureolyticus
) from intestinal biopsy specimens and fecal samples of children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease led us to investigate the pathogenic potential of this bacterium. Adherence and gentamicin protection assays were employed to quantify the levels of adherence to and invasion into host cells.
C. ureolyticus
UNSWCD was able to adhere to the Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell line with a value of 5.341% ± 0.74% but was not able to invade the Caco-2 cells. The addition of two proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), to the cell line did not affect attachment or invasion, with attachment levels being 4.156% ± 0.61% (
P
= 0.270) for TNF-α and 6.472% ± 0.61% (
P
= 0.235) for IFN-γ. Scanning electron microscopy visually confirmed attachment and revealed that
C. ureolyticus
UNSWCD colonizes and adheres to intestinal cells, inducing cellular damage and microvillus degradation. Purification and identification of the
C. ureolyticus
UNSWCD secretome detected a total of 111 proteins, from which 29 were bioinformatically predicted to be secretory proteins. Functional classification revealed three putative virulence and colonization factors: the surface antigen CjaA, an outer membrane fibronectin binding protein, and an S-layer RTX toxin. These results suggest that
C. ureolyticus
has the potential to be a pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract.
Imaging of Phosphatidylcholine Bilayers by a High-Pressure Fluorescence Technique: Detection of the Packing Difference
Authors: Matsuki Hitoshi , Goto Masaki , Kusube Masataka , Tamai Nobutake 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The packing states in phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers under high pressure were studied from fluorescence measurements using a polarity-sensitive probe Prodan. By using the Prodan fluorescence data, three-dimensional image plots, which can visually evaluate the bilayer packing, were constructed for the C16PC bilayer. It turned out from the shape of contours in the image plot constructed by the second-derivative spectra that the Prodan molecules can be distributed into multiple sites in the bilayer and move around the head-group region depending on the phase state. Furthermore, comparing the plot to those for the C17PC and C18PC bilayers, the slight difference in hydrophobicity among the PC molecules produced a marked difference in quantity of the Prodan molecules distributed among the bilayer gel, nonbilayer gel, and liquid crystalline phases of the PC membranes. The present study shows that the imaging using Prodan is useful for the evaluation of lipid bilayer packing.
Delayed Acyclovir Therapy and Death Among Neonates With Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
Authors: Shah Samir S. , Aronson Paul L. , Mohamad Zeinab , Lorch Scott A. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE:To determine the association of delayed acyclovir therapy with death among neonates with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection.METHODS:A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study was conducted between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2009, with 1086 neonates (age: ≤28 days) with HSV infection from 41 tertiary care children's hospitals. Early acyclovir therapy was defined as initiation of intravenous acyclovir treatment within 1 day after hospital admission, and delayed acyclovir therapy was defined as initiation of treatment &gt;1 and ≤7 days after hospital admission. Multivariate logistic regression models determined the association between delayed acyclovir therapy and death, with the use of propensity scores for each neonate's likelihood of receiving delayed acyclovir treatment to control for differences in illness severity between groups.RESULTS:The median age was 10 days. Delayed acyclovir therapy was administered to 262 neonates (24.1%). In most cases (86.2%) of delayed receipt, acyclovir administration occurred on the second or third day of hospitalization. The overall mortality rate was 7.3% (95% confidence interval: 5.8%–9.0%); 9.5% of those who received delayed acyclovir treatment and 6.6% of those who received early acyclovir treatment died. In a multivariate analysis, delayed acyclovir therapy was associated with significantly greater odds of death (adjusted odds ratio: 2.63 [95% confidence interval: 1.36–5.08]) compared with early acyclovir therapy.CONCLUSIONS:In this multicenter observational study of neonates with HSV infection, delayed initiation of acyclovir therapy was associated with in-hospital death. Our data support the use of empiric acyclovir therapy for neonates undergoing testing for HSV infection.
Clarithromycin in Preventing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Ureaplasma urealyticum–Positive Preterm Infants
Authors: Ozdemir Ramazan , Erdeve Omer , Dizdar Evrim Alyamac , Oguz Serife Suna , Uras Nurdan , Saygan Sibel , Karabulut Erdem , Dilmen Ugur 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin treatment in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in Ureaplasma urealyticum–positive preterm infants.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Nasopharyngeal swabs for U urealyticum culture were taken from infants with a birth weight between 750 and 1250 g in the first 3 postnatal days. Infants with a positive culture for U urealyticum were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups to receive either intravenous clarithromycin or placebo. All the patients were followed at least up to the 36th postmenstrual week.

RESULTS:
A total of 224 infants met the eligibility criteria of the study. Seventy-four (33%) infants had a positive culture for U urealyticum in the first 3 day cultures. The rate of BPD development was significantly higher in patients with U urealyticum positivity (15.9% vs 36.4%; P &lt; .01). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis failed to reveal a significant association between the presence of U urealyticum and BPD development (odds ratio: 2.4 [95% confidence interval: 0.9–6.3]; P = .06). Clarithromycin treatment resulted in eradication of U urealyticum in 68.5% of the patients. The incidence of BPD was significantly lower in the clarithromycin group than in the placebo group (2.9% vs 36.4%; P &lt; .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed the independent preventive effect of clarithromycin for the development of BPD (odds ratio: 27.2 [95% confidence interval: 2.5–296.1]; P = .007).

CONCLUSIONS:
Clarithromycin treatment prevents development of BPD in preterm infants who are born at 750 to 1250 g and colonized with U urealyticum.
Counting What Counts
Authors: Fritz Julie M. , MacDermid Joy C. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: November 2011

This month's issue of JOSPT contains a bibliometric analysis of the publishing history of the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. The results provide an opportunity to reflect on trends at JOSPT and, more generally, in the evidence base of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy practice. Results of the bibliometric review by Coronado and colleagues are encouraging for JOSPT and the profession of physical therapy as a whole. The results indicate an increase in the publication of research articles involving symptomatic subjects, with fewer narrative and nonsystematic review papers. The results also raise an interesting issue about whether we have a sufficient number of randomized controlled trials in our literature and to what extent our future progress should be based on the publication of more randomized trials. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(12):907–908. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.0110
New Modes for the Prediction of Gas Chromatographic Relative Retention Times of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers
Authors: Yi Zhongsheng , Li Lianchen , Zhang Aiqian , Wang Liansheng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA series of quantitative structure‐retention relationship models were developed to predict gas chromatographic relative retention times (GC‐RRTs) for 209 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners on 10 stationary phases. A genetic algorithm with twofold leave‐multiple‐out cross validation (LMOCV) was used to select optimal subsets from large‐size molecular descriptors. Overall multiple‐linear regression fitting correlation coefficients (R2) are greater than 0.988, except for the CP‐Sil 19 column, in which QLMOCV2 (correlation coefficient of LMOCV), QLOOCV2 (correlation coefficient of leave‐one‐out cross validation, LOOCV), and Rpre2 (correlation coefficients of prediction set) are larger than 0.98. The excellent statistical parameters reveal that the models are robust and have high internal and external predictive capability. According to the descriptors for constructing the models, the GC‐RRTs in various stationary phases are highly dependent on distances among atoms, branches of molecules, and molecular properties. PBDE congeners with 1, 9, and 10 bromines are major outliers based on the results of the application domain.
Low‐Temperature Heat Capacities and Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation of Gramine (C11H14N2)
Authors: Chen Jingtao , Kong Yuxia , Di Youying , Yang Weiwei , Tan Zhicheng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLow‐temperature heat capacities of gramine (C11H14N2) were measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 401 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of temperature was fitted by least squares method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were calculated and tabulated at 5 K intervals. The constant‐volume energy of combustion of the compound at T=298.15 K was measured by a precision oxygen‐bomb combustion calorimeter as ΔcU=−(35336.7±13.9) J·g−1. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound was determined to be ΔcHm0=−(6163.2±2.4) kJ·mol−1, according to the definition of combustion enthalpy. Finally, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was calculated to be Δ;cHm0=−(166.2±2.8) kJ·mol−1 in accordance with Hess law.
Synthesis of Multifunctional Mn‐Doped CdTe/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Lü Jianquan , Lü Shiyan , Ye Tai , Zhou Xingwang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel water‐soluble Mn‐doped CdTe/ZnS core‐shell quantum dots using a proposed ultrasonic assistant method and 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as stabilizer is descried. To obtain a high luminescent intensity, post‐preparative treatments, including the pH value, reaction temperature, reflux time and atmosphere, have been investigated. For an excellent fluorescence of Mn‐doped CdTe/ZnS, the optimal conditions were pH 11, reflux temperature 100°C and reflux time 3 h under N2 atmosphere. While for phosphorescent Mn‐doped CdTe/ZnS QDs, the synthesis at pH 11, reflux temperature 100°C and reflux time 3 h under air atmosphere gave the best strong phosphorescence. The characterizations of Mn‐doped CdTe/ZnS QDs were also identified using AFM, IR, powder XRD and thermogravimetric analysis. The data indicated that the photochemical stability and the photoluminescence of CdTe QDs are greatly enhanced by the outer inorganic ZnS shell, and the doping Mn2+ ions in the as‐prepared quantum dots contribute to strong luminescence. The strong luminescence of Mn‐doped CdTe/ZnS QDs reflected that Mn ions act as recombination centers for the excited electron‐hole pairs, attributing to the transition from the triplet state (4T1) to the ground state (6A1) of the Mn2+ ions. All the experiments demonstrated that the surface states played important roles in the optical properties of Mn‐doped CdTe/ZnS core‐shell quantum dots.
Storage Stability of LiFePO4/C in Humid‐hot Air
Authors: Guo Xiangfeng , Zuo Jun , Zhan Hui , Zhou Yunhong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStorage stabilities of LiFePO4/C composite at different conditions are investigated in terms of structural and electrochemical evolutions. The results from different aging tests indicate that moisture and temperature are the key factors that have the most profound effects on the structure homogeneity which in turn influences the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C. Although the storage in a humid‐hot environment, such as saturated humidity air at 50°C, does not greatly influence the discharging capacity of LiFePO4/C, it does reduce the initial charging capacity, thus the amount of reversible Li+ ions in a practical LiFePO4/graphite cell decreases. This impact is explained by the lithium extraction during the storage, forming olivine FePO4 and associated Li3PO4. Elevated storage temperature also favors the delithiation process. The degree of delithiation increases from about 6% at 50°C to 18% at 80°C. It is also found that re‐calcination at 650°C effectively resolves the problem of the structural heterogeneity of the stored LiFePO4/C. Therefore both the initial charging capacity and coulombic efficiency of the stored sample in the first cycle revert to the original value of the fresh one.
Convenient Synthesis of Terminal Alkynes from anti‐3‐Aryl‐2,3‐dibromopropanoic Acids Using a K2CO3/DMSO System
Authors: Cheng Xuezhi , Jia Jun , Kuang Chunxiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA convenient, efficient, and generally applicable method was developed for the synthesis of terminal alkynes from anti‐3‐aryl‐2,3‐dibromopropanoic acids in the presence of DMSO and K2CO3.
Preparation of Silica‐bonded Propyl‐diethylene‐triamine‐N‐sulfamic Acid as a Recyclable Catalyst for Chemoselective Synthesis of 1,1‐Diacetates
Authors: Nouri Sefat Maryam , Deris Abdolah , Niknam Khodabakhsh 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA simple and efficient procedure for the preparation of silica‐bonded propyl‐diethylene‐triamine‐N‐sulfamic acid (SPDTSA) by reaction of 3‐diethylenetriamine‐propylsilica (DTPS) and chlorosulfonic acid in chloroform is described. Silica‐bonded propyl‐diethylene‐triamine‐N‐sulfamic acid is employed as a recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 1,1‐diacetates from aromatic aldehydes and acetic anhydride under mild and solvent‐free conditions at room temperature. Catalyst could be recycled for several times without any additional treatment.
A Novel Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Using Solid‐Phase Antigen for Free 17β‐Estradiol in Human Serum
Authors: Qi Yuanyuan , Chen Hui , Lin Zhen , Chen Guonan , Lin Jinming 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA high‐performance chemiluminescence immunoassay, with long‐term durability, good precision and time‐saving, was proposed for the detection of free 17β‐estradiol (E2) in human serum. Ninety‐six microplates were coated with bovine serum albumin conjugated E2 antigen as solid phase for the immunoassay. The E2‐BSA antigen coated on the microplate and the E2 antigen in the sample competed for the binding sites on the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled anti‐E2 antibody. Chemiluminescence reaction was subsequently carried out by HRP catalyzing luminol‐H2O2 substrates, and the chemiluminescence intensity was inversely proportional to the amount of analyte in human sera samples. The concentration of immunoreagents, immunoreaction time, and other relevant variable conditions upon the immunoassay were studied and optimized. The proposed method exhibited detection limit as low as 5.94×10−3 µg·L−1 in a linear detection range from 0.01 to 1.00 µg·L−1, good recoveries between 105% and 108%, and high precision with intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients between 7.9% and 14.3%.