bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Flow Velocities as Determined by Real‐Time Phase‐Contrast MRI in Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Bochert Deborah , Hofer Sabine , Dechent Peter , Frahm Jens , Bähr Mathias , Liman Jan , Maier Ilko 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeReal‐time phase‐contrast (RT‐PC) flow MRI can be used to determine quantitative flow parameters throughout the vessel lumen of extracranial, brain‐supplying arteries. Its potential value in the diagnostic workup of patients with carotid artery stenosis has not been evaluated.MethodsRT‐PC flow MRI was performed in 10 patients with carotid stenosis in comparison to conventional neurovascular ultrasound (nvUS). Peak systolic velocity, end‐diastolic velocity, mean flow velocity, and flow volumes have been evaluated by RT‐PC flow MRI. Measurements have been performed at standardized sites along the common, internal, and external carotid arteries on both sides and at the maximum of the carotid stenosis.ResultsBlood flow velocities were significantly lower with RT‐PC flow MRI compared to nvUS and not consistently correlated between both methods. Within the maximum of the carotid stenosis, RT‐PC flow MRI showed implausible flow velocity reductions compared to nvUS. In contrast, the flow volumes determined by RT‐PC flow MRI—with exception of the stenosis maximum—were comparable with nvUS and significantly correlated in the prestenotic common carotid artery.ConclusionRT‐PC flow MRI does not appear to be suitable for quantifying blood flow velocities and volumes in the patients with carotid stenosis compared to nvUS. Apart from the lower temporal resolution of RT‐PC MRI, the lack of correlation of blood flow velocities might be ascribed to the prevalence of nonlaminar flow within and behind the stenosis, which violates a general prerequisite for valid flow velocity measurements by PC MRI.
Myelin Quantification Using Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer Ratio in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Athertya Jiyo S. , Cheng Xin , Tang Qingbo , Moazamian Dina , Chang Eric Y. , Johnson Catherine E. , Cui Jiankun , Gu Zezong , Ma Yajun , Du Jiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeThis study aims to assess the potential of ultrashort echo time imaging‐based magnetization transfer ratio (UTE‐MTR) in detecting demyelination in mice with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) caused by an open‐field low‐intensity blast (LIB) injury model.MethodsThis study included 30 male C57BL/6 mice, approximately 8 weeks old, sourced from Jackson Laboratories in Bar Harbor, ME, and conducted under institutional guidelines. The mice were divided into the mTBI group (n = 15) and the sham control group (n = 15). All animal experiments followed the approved protocols for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and Animal Research. The mTBI group underwent the open‐field LIB injury. Behavioral tests were conducted to assess motor activity and anxiety‐like responses. UTE‐MT imaging was performed using a 3 Tesla Bruker system to measure UTE‐MTR from two UTE‐MT datasets with saturation powers of 1500° and 500°, and two frequency offsets of 2 and 50 kHz, respectively. Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining was performed to evaluate myelin content. The mean UTE‐MTR values for regions of interest centered at the medial section of the corpus callosum were computed. The behavioral tests, LFB myelin staining, and UTE‐MTR values were compared between the two groups using the independent t‐test. p values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe mTBI mice demonstrated decreased motor activity and increased anxiety‐like response over sham controls. The mTBI mice also showed significantly lower UTE‐MTR values (0.399±0.007 vs. 0.393±0.005; p<0.05) and reduced LFB myelin staining (0.848±0.324 vs. 1.145±0.260; p = 0.048) over sham controls.ConclusionThe significantly lower UTE‐MTR values in the corpus callosum of mTBI mice are consistent with reduced LFB myelin staining, indicating that UTE‐MTR can detect myelin loss and associated alterations in motor and anxiety domains post‐LIB exposure.
Personality, Ideology, and Attitudes Toward Social Justice
Authors: Xu Xiaowen , Scarborough Autumn N. , Anthony Lachlan M. , Smillie Luke D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe importance of diversity, inclusiveness, and social justice has been increasingly emphasized in different institutions and organizations around the world. The present research adopted an individual differences approach to understanding people's attitudes toward diversity and social justice.MethodAcross three studies (Ns ranging from 371 to 700), participants completed measures of Big Five personality traits, political ideology, and attitudes toward a range of social justice issues (diversity, LGBTQ+, racial relations, abortion).ResultsHigher Openness to Experience and Agreeableness emerged as the most consistent predictors of higher support for social justice. Higher Neuroticism and lower Conscientiousness also predicted support for social justice issues. Furthermore, consistent with the dual‐process model of ideology, we found that right‐wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation tended to predict social justice support above and beyond Openness to Experience and Agreeableness.ConclusionThis work provides important insights into the personality predictors of social justice support.
‘Knocking’ on armadillo's door: Uncovering the use of an ecosystem Engineer's burrow by the lesser anteater
Authors: Yan M. , Bertassoni A. , Massocato G. F. , Desbiez A. L. J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractArmadillos are considered important ecosystem engineers as their burrows can benefit many species. Monitoring burrows with camera traps allows us to obtain relevant biological data on the species that utilize this resource. Our goal in this study was to examine the lesser anteater's (Tamandua tetradactyla) use of giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) burrows as a first attempt to assess how user species benefit from them. We took camera trap data from a long‐term monitoring study (2011–2020) in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. We then evaluated and classified the frequency and way in which the burrows were used by the individual lesser anteaters. We also assessed the time of entrance and exit from the burrows related to sleep, the period of activity and activity pattern. This species used most monitored burrows, and these were used more than once by the same individuals or by more than one individual at different times. We described four types of uses: inspection of the burrow entrance, inspection of the interior of the burrow, exploratory/resting and sleeping. The lesser anteater was active on average 7 h 42 m per day with a primarily nocturnal activity pattern, which started in the early evening and ended at dawn. This is the first study to evaluate a focal species' use of giant armadillo burrows. Our data suggest that burrows are a valuable resource for the lesser anteater as shelter. Burrow monitoring proved to be effective in obtaining records and key information on the ecology and behaviour of the lesser anteater. New studies may explore this approach to acquire data on other species who frequently use these burrows, including agoutis, tayras, ocelots and coatis.
Learning Novel Words in an Immersive Virtual‐Reality Context: Tracking Lexicalization Through Behavioral and Event‐Related‐Potential Measures
Authors: Jiao Lu , Lin Yue , Schwieter John W. , Liu Cong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe present study used immersive virtual‐reality (iVR) technology to simulate a real‐life environment and examined its impact on novel‐word learning and lexicalization. On Days 1–3, Chinese‐speaking participants learned German words in iVR and traditional picture–word (PW) association contexts. A semantic‐priming task was used to measure word lexicalization on Day 4, and again 6 months later. The behavioral findings of an immediate posttest showed a larger semantic‐priming effect on iVR‐learned words compared to PW‐learned words. Moreover, electrophysiological results of the immediate posttest demonstrated significant semantic‐priming effects only for iVR‐learned words, such that related prime–target pairs elicited enhanced N400 amplitude compared to unrelated prime–target pairs. However, after 6 months, there were no differences between the iVR and PW conditions. The findings support the embodied‐cognition theory and dual‐coding theory and suggest that a virtual real‐life learning context with multimodal enrichment facilitates novel‐word learning and lexicalization but that these effects seem to disappear over time.
Shock‐heated graphite in three IAB iron meteorites—Implications on the formation of diamond
Authors: Christ Oliver , Barbaro Anna , Ferrière Ludovic , Pittarello Lidia , Domeneghetti M. Chiara , Brenker Frank E. , Nestola Fabrizio , Alvaro Matteo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIron meteorites, originating from the deepest parts of their parent bodies and separated during major break‐up events, surprisingly rarely contain diamonds despite experiencing similar pressure–temperature conditions as diamond‐bearing ureilites. In this study, graphite from three non‐magmatic IAB iron meteorites Canyon Diablo, Campo del Cielo, and Yardymly was analyzed using micro‐Raman spectroscopy, revealing the presence of the graphite G‐band, the disorder‐induced D‐band, and occasionally the D′‐band. Temperature estimates based on the G‐band full width at half maximum (ranging from 1155 to 1339°C) are consistent with those found in ureilites. However, unlike in ureilites, no diamond bands were detected, as confirmed by μ‐X‐ray diffraction. The absence of diamonds is interpreted to be related to the thermal and mechanical properties of the iron meteorite matrix. Its high thermal diffusivity results in similar temperatures to ureilites, but its ductility dissipates shock‐wave energy through plastic deformation, unlike the brittle ureilite matrix, which more effectively transmits the energy. Consequently, graphite in iron meteorites was heated but did not experience the high‐pressure conditions required for diamond formation. Thus, we propose that impacts must either involve substantial energy or that graphite must be located close to the impact site, where it can experience high energies before these dissipate.
The effect of hygienic care practices given to stroke patients on vital signs of patients: A self‐comparison pre‐experimental study
Authors: Tunç İsmail , Tosun Betül , Dirgar Ezgi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundHygiene and skin care are crucial for stroke patients in intensive care, yet the effects of bathing practices on vital signs in mechanically ventilated stroke patients remain underexplored.AimThis study aimed to assess the effects of full bed baths and wiping baths on vital signs in stroke patients.Study DesignA self‐comparison pre‐experimental study was conducted with 90 stroke patients treated in three intensive care units at a Turkish hospital between 10 January 2021 and 01 January 2022. Patients received either a full bed bath (first measurement day) or a wiping bath (second and third measurement days). Vital signs and arterial blood gas values were measured before and after each bath.ResultsOf the participants, 55.5% were male, with a mean age of 64.2 ± 14.8 years. Significant changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and body temperature were observed after the full bed bath (heart rate: λ = 0.156, F = 43.940; systolic BP: λ = 0.484, F = 17.981; diastolic blood pressure: λ = 0.835, F = 7.216; body temperature: λ = 0.97, F = 142.92; p < .001). Similarly, wiping baths resulted in significant changes (heart rate: λ = 0.354, F = 34.776; systolic blood pressure: λ = 0.384, F = 16.372; diastolic blood pressure: λ = 0.492, F = 17.603; body temperature: λ = 0.236, F = 176.765; p < .001). Arterial blood gas changes were significant after wiping baths on Day three (pH: t = 3.351, p = .001; PaO2: t = 2.400, p = .018).ConclusionsBoth full and wiping bed baths significantly affect vital signs and arterial blood gases in stroke patients. Nurses should tailor bathing practices to patient needs, continuously monitoring vital signs.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study highlights how bathing practices impact vital signs and arterial blood gases in intensive care patients. It emphasizes tailoring interventions to patient needs and preferences, as full baths may suit some, while wiping baths offer advantages, particularly for blood pH and PaO2 levels.
miR3398‐VqMYB15 Regulates the Synthesis of Stilbene in Vitis quinquangularis
Authors: Luo Yangyang , Feng Yang , Xie Qingqing , Lu Wenjing , Duan Dong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important fruit crop grown worldwide. Grapevine is cultivated extensively in China, and certain wild grapes exhibit excellent resistance to pathogens and stress. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as key regulators of plant growth, development, and immunity; however, their functions in grape stilbene synthesis are poorly understood. We identified an miRNA (miR3398) that negatively regulates the transcription factor MYB15 and participates in the synthesis of stilbene from Vitis quinquangularis (V. quinquangularis). MiR3398 and VqMYB15 showed completely opposite expression patterns after AlCl3 treatment, and the interaction between miR3398 and VqMYB15 was confirmed using 5ʹ‐RACE ligase‐mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends, dual‐luciferase reporter gene system, and western blot analysis. VqMYB15 could bind to the VqSTS48 promoter by using yeast one‐hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and overexpression of VqMYB15 promoted stilbene accumulation in grape leaves. Using an overexpression and silencing system, we found that miR3398 negatively targets VqMYB15 to synthesis of stilbenes. We used Al3+ as an elicitor, indicating that miR3398 plays an important role in the plant immunity of V. quinquangularis. We also found that miR3398 is involved in plant immunity by detecting its promoter activity in grape protoplasts, luciferase imaging, and transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. More importantly, we found that an ethylene transcription factor, ERF057, can bind to the promoter of miR3398 using Y1H and EMSA assays and inhibit its transcription using DLR, luciferase imaging, and β‐glucuronidase transcript assays. Overexpression of VqERF057 reduced miR3398 transcript in V. quinquangularis and transgenic grapevine calli, but increased the stilbene content. These findings contribute to the understanding of the biological functions of miR3398 regulates stilbene synthesis in grapevines and clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between miR3398 and VqMYB15.
SARS‐CoV‐2‐Specific Antibodies in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Benefits of Additional Vaccine Doses
Authors: Adler Amanda L. , Waghmare Alpana , Smith Jodi , Kelton Megan , Dickerson Jane A. , Reed Jonathan C. , Greninger Alexander L. , Kehoe Leanne , Fairlie Tarayn , Hagen Melissa Briggs , Midgley Claire M. , Lacombe Kirsten , Englund Janet A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLimited data are available regarding the development and durability of immune responses following COVID‐19 infection or vaccination in pediatric solid‐organ transplant (SOT) recipients.MethodsRenal, liver, or intestinal transplant recipients < 21 years of age followed at Seattle Children's Hospital were enrolled from August 2020 to May 2021. Blood samples were collected at ~6‐month intervals for up to 3 years and tested for antinucleocapsid (N) antibodies. COVID‐19 vaccination data were collected from the Washington State Immunization Information System and/or the medical record. Semi‐quantitative anti‐S IgG testing was performed on all postvaccine samples using the Abbott Architect platform. We further evaluated a subset of postvaccine samples using variant‐specific quantitative binding (Meso Scale Discovery, MSD) immunoassays and pseudovirus‐neutralization assays. Antibody levels were compared over time and by vaccine category.ResultsWe followed 83 SOT recipients for a median of 12.5 months (IQR 7.0, 28.3). Overall, 16 (19.3%) participants had evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection based on anti‐N antibody detection. Forty‐six (55%) participants had a blood sample collected > 14 days after receipt of a vaccination. Serum IgG to spike antigens (anti‐S antibody) increased following vaccination and increased with the number of vaccine doses received as assessed by both the Abbott and MSD assays. Neutralizing activity was significantly lower against the Omicron subvariants compared to the ancestral strain.ConclusionPediatric SOT recipients demonstrated strong antibody responses following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination, with higher anti‐S antibody responses following > 2 doses of vaccine. Our study offers unique longitudinal immune response data in this vulnerable patient population.
Pre‐Transplant Immunophenotyping in Pediatric Heart Transplant: A Role for the Immunologist?
Authors: Gunderman Lauren , Lancki Nicola , Madden Brian , Ahmed Aisha 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPediatric heart transplant recipients are at risk for complications from prolonged exposure to immunosuppressive drugs, possibly worsened due to over‐immune suppression in patients with pre‐existing immune abnormalities.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐center pediatric cohort study and review of baseline immune evaluation in patients referred for heart transplant. Referrals included were from January 1, 2021, to June 31, 2022.ResultsFifty‐one patients were referred during the time period with a median age of 5 years (ranging 1 month‐20 years). Twenty‐seven total patients were transplanted. Given a lack of standardized immune evaluation, results were focused on lymphocyte quantitation, functional testing when available, and T‐cell subsets. Outcome measures focused on the number of infections and episodes of rejection requiring treatment. In total, 44.4% of patients experienced rejection, and the mean number of infections in the first 12 months post‐heart transplant was 2.1 (range 0–7 total infections).ConclusionsBaseline immune evaluation showed general T and B cell lymphopenia, without a clear connection between outcome differences for the number of infections or episodes of rejection requiring treatment. This small study demonstrated some differences in immune function in patients prior to heart transplant but was inadequately powered to draw conclusions about the effects of immunosuppression on post‐transplant outcomes.
Learning to avoid: The long‐term effects of adolescent welfare participation on voting habits in adulthood
Authors: Micatka Nathan K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWelfare participation is associated with lower turnout among adults. For many citizens, however, their first experiences with welfare occur during a critical time of political development in adolescence. Does growing up on welfare lower turnout in young adulthood? I identify three mechanisms linking adolescent welfare experience to voting: stigma, the absence of pro‐civics role models, and ineffective support from government welfare programs. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, I find that non‐Hispanic white adolescents who grow up on welfare are 6–17 percentage points less likely to vote compared to those without welfare experience. Adolescent welfare participation is unrelated to voting among Black and Hispanic youths. Interviews and focus groups find support for the three mechanisms. These findings highlight the importance of adolescent policy experiences for voting.
The Moderating Role of Workplace Autonomy on Corruption Control Strategies: Evidence From 33 South Korean Ministries
Authors: Kim Danee , Porumbescu Gregory A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCorruption research highlights the importance of organizational and individual correlates, such as corruption control strategies or public employee attitudes. In this study, we integrate these research streams by examining whether the effectiveness of two common organizational approaches to controlling corruption—value‐oriented strategies, which emphasize ethical decision‐making, and compliance‐oriented strategies, which rely on monitoring, audits, and punishment—depends on perceptions of workplace autonomy. To explore this, we use novel administrative data on corruption, along with codes of ethics and survey data from 1235 career public servants across 33 South Korean ministries. Findings suggest greater perceived autonomy is associated with greater corruption tolerance in organizational contexts where compliance‐oriented corruption control strategies are prevalent. Conversely, greater perceived autonomy is associated with lesser corruption tolerance when value‐oriented corruption control strategies are prevalent. These findings contribute to administrative corruption research by illustrating how individual perceptions of their workplace shape the efficacy of organizational corruption control strategies.
The Socio‐Political Context of Citizen Activism: An International Comparative Perspective
Authors: Kaye‐Essien Charles Wharton 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the moderating effects of socio‐political factors on the influence of issue salience and prosocial values on citizen activism in different governance contexts. While the literature on citizen activism has examined the emergence, motivations, and channels of activism, we still lack a broader understanding of how different social (membership of social groups and sense of attachment to local communities) and political (ease of citizen involvement and trust in government) contexts affect people's ultimate decisions about activism in different governance systems. This paper fills this gap, drawing on a comparative research methodology and using data from the World Values Survey Wave 7.
Sharp Rate of the Accelerating Propagation for a Recursive System
Authors: Li Na , Pan Yingli , Su Ying 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHow to characterize the rate of accelerating propagation in recursive systems is a challenging topic though it has attracted great attention of theoretical and empirical ecologists. In this paper, we determine the sharp rate of accelerating propagation for a unimodal recursive system with a heavy‐tailed dispersal kernel through tracking of level sets of solutions with compactly supported initial data. It turns out that the solution level set satisfies for large , where is the level and is determined by the linearized system at zero.
Identification of Novel HLA‐B*58:01:51 Allele in Brazilian Individual
Authors: Fabreti‐Oliveira Raquel Aparecida , de Oliveira Cintia Keilla Fabreti , Nascimento Evaldo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIdentification of the novel HLA‐B*58:01:51 allele in a Brazilian bone marrow donor.