bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presse et journalistes « indigènes » en Algérie coloniale (années 1890-années 1950)
Authors: Zessin Philipp 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Par leur niveau social et d’éducation et leur intervention dans un secteur massivement européen, les journalistes « indigènes » auraient pu être des représentants du mince « monde du contact » qui put exister dans la société coloniale d’Algérie. En réalité, le journalisme « indigène » était fortement politisé et il ne fut que tardivement et partiellement professionnalisé. Ses acteurs, qu’ils soient francophones ou non, étaient exposés à une discrimination professionnelle à base ethnique, ainsi qu’à la surveillance et la répression des autorités. Dans un contexte où l’expression des revendications des colonisés était limitée, la presse « indigène » joua cependant un rôle décisif. En assurant leur diffusion, elle contribua à forger une « opinion publique musulmane ».
Charles Gounod et le prix de Rome
Authors: Condé Gérard 
Published: September 2011

La relation de Charles Gounod (1818-1893) avec les grands prix de Rome commence avant sa naissance puisque son père, François Gounod, second grand prix en 1782 avait obtenu la faveur de séjourner à la Villa Médicis. Au fil de ses trois tentatives, couronnées par le premier grand prix en 1839, Charles Gounod affina son métier et se coula dans le moule académique. Mais c’est dans la Ville éternelle qu’il trouvera son style, s’émancipera et s’enflammera pour le catholicisme. Il y reviendra plusieurs fois pour se ressourcer et défendra toujours l’institution qui, en arrachant les jeunes artistes au mercantilisme, les élève : « Rome, dira-t-il, est un enseignement. »
Classe sociale, genre et formation musicale : préparer le prix de Rome au Conservatoire de Paris entre 1871 et 1900
Authors: Pasler Jann 
Published: September 2011

La formation au Conservatoire était l’une des voies les plus importantes par lesquelles le style français fut défini et produit, et le prix de Rome, accordé chaque année, était essentiel dans une carrière de compositeur. Dans cet article j’analyse les contraintes de classe et de genre qui ont influé sur l’identité des candidats, la préparation que de jeunes compositeurs pouvaient attendre du Conservatoire, et le patrimoine auquel ils devaient contribuer – celui de leurs professeurs et celui de la nation. Les expériences de Claude Debussy, en particulier, ainsi que celles de la douzaine de femmes inscrites dans les classes de composition du Conservatoire montrent à quel point accéder à ces classes était difficile, même pour les plus talentueux, ainsi qu’elles rendent compte des stratégies qu’il fallait déployer pour réussir.
L'art français et une capitale en déclin ? Peindre et exposer à Rome entre 1803 et 1840
Authors: Omodeo Christian 
Published: September 2011

L’article traite les relations entretenues par la colonie artistique française à Rome avec le monde des arts de la capitale pontificale entre 1803, date de la réouverture de la Villa Médicis, et le début des années 1840. Le recensement des expositions d’art français à Rome et l’étude de leurs comptes rendus dans la presse artistique locale révèlent un degré d’intégration des artistes français souvent sous-estimé par les historiens. Cette étude offre un horizon de lecture renouvelé pour appréhender les relations entre le milieu français et les cercles artistiques romains pendant le XIX e siècle.
L'édition des procès-verbaux de l'Académie des beaux-arts : une source pour l'étude du grand prix de Rome
Authors: Leniaud Jean-Michel 
Published: September 2011

L’édition des procès-verbaux de l’Académie des beaux-arts actuellement en chantier à l’École nationale des chartes concerne pour l’instant la période 1811-1871. L’ampleur du travail d’ecdotique qu’elle impose conduit à s’interroger sur la rentabilité scientifique d’un tel effort. Pour les uns, l’Académie n’aborde rien d’intéressant au cours de ses séances ; pour d’autres, le plus substantiel en a déjà été exploité ; pour d’autres enfin, l’essentiel, le jugement des envois des pensionnaires romains, justifierait d’un traitement à part. Il est clair, néanmoins, que ces contestations ne tiennent pas : les procès-verbaux constituent une source considérable pour l’histoire de l’art du XIX e siècle. En particulier, pour l’histoire du grand prix de Rome. D’année en année, ils relatent avec minutie le déroulement d’une procédure complexe, donnent le nom de tous les compétiteurs, laissent entrevoir parfois les enjeux qui mobilisent les jurés, y compris les projets de carrière personnelle. Accompagnée de tables et d’index commodes et nombreux, l’édition des procès-verbaux offre un incontournable point de vue.
What Opportunities Are Available for Resident Involvement in National Orthopedic and Subspecialty Societies?
Authors: Dy Christopher J. , Cross Michael B. , Osbahr Daryl C. , Parks Michael L. , Green Daniel W. 
Published: September 2011

As physician involvement in health policy grows, there will be an increasing need for future leaders in orthopedics. Interested orthopedic residents may be unaware of opportunities for leadership involvement in professional and subspecialty organizations. This article investigates whether national and subspecialty organizations offer membership to residents, allow residents to participate in committees, and provide opportunities for scholarly activity and mentorship. The authors surveyed 20 national orthopedic professional and subspecialty societies to evaluate the availability and cost of resident membership, meeting attendance and participation, research funding, committee membership, and mentorship opportunities.
Each society’s Web site was reviewed, and societies were contacted by phone if further inquiry was needed. Of the 20 orthopedic societies surveyed, 11 allowed resident membership. Five of 20 societies allowed residents to serve on committees, with a total of 14 total positions for residents. Four organizations provided formalized mentorship programs to residents. Although opportunities for resident involvement in subspecialty and professional societies are available in the majority of groups surveyed, the Orthopaedic Trauma Association and American Society for Surgery of the Hand provided the most comprehensive collection of opportunities. Residents should also pursue involvement in other organizations that may be more readily accessible, such as local, state, and regional orthopedic and medical societies. Increased resident participation in these organizations may help in increasing the 14 nationally available committee positions for orthopedic residents. Our orthopedic profession and societies should encourage motivated residents to pursue involvement and leadership at the national level.
Asymptomatic Pulmonary Hypertension in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kamel Shereen R. , Omar Gihan M. , Darwish Ayman F. , Asklany Hany T. , Ellabban Abdou S. 
Published: September 2011

Introduction Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious and often fatal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Because the diagnosis of PAH often is made years after symptom onset, early diagnostic strategies are essential. Doppler echocardiography currently is considered the noninvasive screening test of choice for evaluating pulmonary hypertension. Aim Screening for asymptomatic pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus patients using Doppler echocardiography, and correlating it with inflammatory parameters of the disease. Patients and Methods Doppler echocardiography was performed in 74 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus over one year (66 adult and 8 juvenile), adult SLE included 57 patients with adult-onset and 9 patients with childhood-onset. Pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed if the peak systolic pressure gradient at the tricuspid valve was more than 30 mmHg. All patients were subjected to full history taking, rheumatological examination, laboratory studies and chest x-ray. Results In seventy four SLE patients, the pulmonary hypertension was detected in 8 patients (10.8%), 7 adult-onset SLE patients (aged from 19 to 30 years) and 1 juvenile SLE (aged 12 years). The range of pulmonary artery systolic pressure was 34–61.2 mmHg (43.19 ± 9.28). No significant differences between patients with and those without pulmonary hypertension as regard clinical features. Significantly higher frequencies of rheumatoid factor and anti-cardiolipin antibodies were found in patients with pulmonary hypertension versus those without ( P = 0.02, P = 0.008 respectively). Positive rheumatoid factor and ACL were significantly associated with occurrence of PAH in SLE ( P = 0.007, P = 0.006 respectively). No significant correlations were found between pulmonary artery pressure, disease duration, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), ESR, and anti-ds DNA. Conclusion Patients with SLE have an increased risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Echocardiography should be used as a screening tool in patients at high risk for development of pulmonary hypertension. Positive anti-cardiolipin antibodies and rheumatoid factor were significant predictors of pulmonary hypertension in our study.
Cellular Mechanics of Modulated Osteoblasts Functions in Graphene Oxide Reinforced Elastomers
Authors: Girase Bhupendra , Shah Jinesh S. , Misra R. Devesh K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe describe here favorable modulation of osteoblasts functions and cell–substrate interactions in hybrid silicone elastomers consisting of biocompatible graphene oxide. Pressure induced curing was used to synthesize the hybrid silicone elastomer with high strength–high elongation combination. It was intriguing that the cell–substrate interactions in the hybrid silicone elastomer were observed to be significantly different from those observed in stand alone silicone. The origin of differences in cell–substrate interactions in terms of cell attachment, viability, and proliferation and assessment of proteins actin, vinculin, and fibronectin are addressed and attributed to physico‐chemical properties (topography and hydrophilicity) and to the presence of graphene oxide. The end outcome of the study is a new family of nanostructured polymer composite with desired (enhanced cell functions) and bulk properties (long term stability—high strength‐at‐break). The integration of cellular and molecular biology with material science and engineering described here provides an insight into the ability to modulate cellular and molecular reactions in promoting osteoinductive signaling of surface adherent cells, in the present case, osteoblasts for joint reconstruction.
Graphene Intermediate Layer in Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Tong Shi Wun , Wang Yu , Zheng Yi , Ng Man‐Fai , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOne strategy to harvest wide spectral solar energy is to stack different bandgap materials together in a tandem solar cell. Here, it is demonstrated that CVD grown graphene film can be employed as intermediate layer (IML) in tandem solar cells. Using MoO3‐modified graphene IML, a high open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1 V and a high short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 11.6 mA cm‐2 could be obtained in series and parallel connection, respectively, in contrast to a Voc of 0.58 V and Jsc of 7.6 mA cm‐2 in single PV cell. The value of Voc (Jsc) in the tandem cell is very close to the sum of Voc (Jsc) attained from two single subcells in series (parallel), which confirms good ohmic contact at the photoactive layer/MoO3‐modified graphene interface. Work function engineering of the graphene IML with metal oxide is essential to ensure good charge collection from both subcells.
Inverted Organic Solar Cells with Sol–Gel Processed High Work‐Function Vanadium Oxide Hole‐Extraction Layers
Authors: Zilberberg Kirill , Trost Sara , Meyer Jens , Kahn Antoine , Behrendt Andreas , Lützenkirchen‐Hecht Dirk , Frahm Ronald , Riedl Thomas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFor large‐scale and high‐throughput production of organic solar cells (OSCs), liquid processing of the functional layers is desired. We demonstrate inverted bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) with a sol–gel derived V2O5 hole‐extraction‐layer on top of the active organic layer. The V2O5 layers are prepared in ambient air using Vanadium(V)‐oxitriisopropoxide as precursor. Without any post‐annealing or plasma treatment, a high work function of the V2O5 layers is confirmed by both Kelvin probe analysis and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Using UPS and inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (IPES), we show that the electronic structure of the solution processed V2O5 layers is similar to that of thermally evaporated V2O5 layers which have been exposed to ambient air. Optimization of the sol gel process leads to inverted OSCs with solution based V2O5 layers that show power conversion efficiencies similar to that of control devices with V2O5 layers prepared in high‐vacuum.
Ferromagnetic Cobalt Nanoparticles and Their Immobilization on Monomolecular Films and Chemical Templates
Authors: Zhao Jianli , Spasova Marina , Li Zi‐An , Zharnikov Michael 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMonodisperse Co nanoparticles (NPs), stabilized by organic coating have been synthesized, and their immobilization on a variety of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) bearing different terminal groups and on SAM‐based chemical templates has been studied. The NPs had an average diameter of ∼10 nm and consisted of hcp cobalt covered by a thin (∼1 nm) oxide film. They exhibited pronounced ferromagnetic properties with a blocking temperature above 380 K, which is unusual for the given NP size and is presumably related to the high magnetocrystalline anisotropy associated with the crystallographic perfection of the NPs. The NPs were found to attach selectively to the SAMs bearing the thiol tail group, whereas no stable immobilization to other SAMs, over the electrostatic forces, could be achieved. Finally, based on the results for the individual SAMs, high‐contrast 2D structures of the Co NPs were fabricated on SAM‐based chemical templates on both micro‐ and nanometer length scales. The templates were prepared by irradiation‐promoted exchange reaction lithography, taking an OH‐terminated aliphatic SAMs as the primary template and thiol‐bearing aromatic molecules as the substituents.
Poly(vinyl chloride‐co‐vinyl acetate‐co‐maleic anhydride)/silica nanocomposites derived from in situ suspension polymerization
Authors: Miao Hui , Lin Shaoliang , Lin Jiaping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPoly(vinyl chloride‐co‐vinyl acetate‐co‐maleic anhydride) (PVVM)/silica nanocomposites were prepared by the suspension radical copolymerization of the monomers in the presence of fumed silica premodified with γ‐methylacryloxypropl trimethoxy siliane. Morphological observation showed that the silica particles of nanometer scale were well dispersed in the copolymer matrix of the nanocomposites films, whereas silica particles tended to agglomerate in the composites films prepared by the solution blending of PVVM with silica. The experimental results show that the thermal stability, glass‐transition temperature, tensile strength, and Young's modulus were significantly enhanced by the incorporation of silica nanoparticles. The enhancement of properties was related to the better dispersion of silica particles in polymer matrix and the interaction between the polymer chains and the surfaces of the silica particles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Cultural Factors and Projective Identification in Understanding a Chinese Couple
Authors: Shi Qijia , Scharff Jill Savege 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe assessment and treatment of couple relationships in China requires an understanding both of each couple's dynamic situation, and of their relationship to conscious and unconscious attitudes and changes in Chinese culture. The description of a Chinese couple illustrates the use of Fairbairn's concepts of psychic organization and of projective identification in understanding their individual and shared couple organization. We also locate the couple's difficulties with reference to the changing attitudes in modern Chinese culture.
The Impact of Chinese Cultures on a Marital Relationship
Authors: Scharff Jill Savege , Scharff David E. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTTo illustrate the impact of culture on intimate relationships, we will describe couple therapy with a Chinese couple. This treatment was one element in our teaching for students, clinicians, and trainers in China, where we taught workshops in Object Relations Couple and Family Therapy and a continuous course in Psychoanalytic Couple Therapy at the invitation of Professor Shi Qijia at the Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy and Dr Fang Xin of Peking University in Beijing, respectively. Our hosts arranged for serial translation of our concepts, slides, videos, and group discussions – and of therapeutic consultations with various couples, to be observed live or on video feed to an audience of 70 mental health students, clinicians, and trainers. We taught our Chinese participants the Western view of relationships and unconscious dynamics. They taught us to understand couples’ verbal expressions, imagery, and culture.The couple we will present attended for a series of five couple therapy sessions. With Gao Jun, our translator, seated between us, and the couple across from us, we made a semicircle facing the audience and used microphones so that we could be heard. It was unfamiliar, somewhat uncomfortable for all of us, and the necessity for serial translation slowed down the treatment, but it provided some insight for the couple, a learning experience for the audience, and a powerful lesson about intimate relationships in China for us. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Immunoreactivity in the Periodontal Ligament of the Rat Incisor
Authors: Honma Shiho , Kato Akiko , Shi Lei , Yatani Hirofumi , Wakisaka Satoshi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe distribution of three vesicular glutamate transporter (VGluT) isoforms, VGluT1, VGluT2, and VGluT3, were investigated in the trigeminal ganglion of the periodontal ligament in the rat incisor—a receptive field of trigeminal ganglion neurons. In the trigeminal ganglion, mRNAs for all VGluT isoforms were detected and proteins were observed in the cytoplasm of trigeminal ganglion cells. VGluT1 immunoreactions were localized within the cytoplasm for all sizes of trigeminal neurons, although predominately in medium–large trigeminal neurons. Double‐labeling showed that most VGluT1 contained both VGluT2 and VGluT3. In the periodontal ligament of the incisor, the Ruffini endings, principal periodontal mechanoreceptors, displayed VGluT1 and VGluT2 immunoreactivities. However, lacked immunoreactions for VGluT3. At the electron microscopic level, VGluT1 immunoreactions were localized around the vesicle membranes at the axon terminal of Ruffini endings. The present results indicate that VGluT is expressed in the sensory nerve endings where apparent synapses are not present. Thus, glutamate in the sensory nerve endings is thought to be used in metabotropic functions. This is because glutamate is a general metabolic substrate, and/or acts as a neurotransmitter as proposed in muscle spindles. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Induction of osteoarthritis and metabolic inflammation by a very high‐fat diet in mice: Effects of short‐term exercise
Authors: Griffin Timothy M. , Huebner Janet L. , Kraus Virginia B. , Yan Zhen , Guilak Farshid 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypotheses that obesity due to a very high‐fat diet induces knee osteoarthritis (OA), and that short‐term wheel‐running exercise protects against obesity‐induced knee OA by reducing systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control diet (13.5% kcal from fat) or a very high‐fat diet (60% kcal from fat) from age 12 weeks to age 24 weeks. From 20 to 24 weeks of age, half of the mice were housed with running wheels. The severity of knee OA was determined by assessing histopathologic features, and serum cytokines were measured using a multiplex bead immunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Body composition was quantified by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, and insulin resistance was assessed by glucose tolerance testing.ResultsFeeding mice with a very high‐fat diet increased knee OA scores and levels of serum leptin, adiponectin, KC (mouse analog of interleukin‐8 [IL‐8]), monokine induced by interferon‐γ (CXCL9), and IL‐1 receptor antagonist to an extent in proportion to the gain in body fat (3‐fold increase in percent body fat compared to controls). Wheel‐running exercise reduced progression of OA in the medial femur of obese mice. In addition, exercise disrupted the clustering of cytokine expression and improved glucose tolerance, without reducing body fat or cytokine levels.ConclusionObesity induced by a very high‐fat diet in mice causes OA and systemic inflammation in proportion to body fat. Increased joint loading is not sufficient to explain the increased incidence of knee OA with obesity, as wheel running is protective rather than damaging. Exercise improves glucose tolerance and disrupts the coexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting that increased aerobic exercise may act independently of weight loss in promoting joint health.
Zum Einfluss der Carbonatisierung auf die Druckfestigkeit und Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Porenbetonplansteinen
Authors: Stegmaier Michael 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIm Rahmen einer begrenzten Studie sollte der Einfluss der Carbonatisierung auf die Druckfestigkeit und die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von handelsüblichen Porenbetonplansteinen untersucht werden. Dazu wurde an aus ganzen Porenbetonplansteinen herausgearbeiteten Probekörpern die Druckfestigkeit und die Wärmeleitfähigkeit nach unterschiedlichen Lagerungsbedingungen ermittelt und mit den von den Herstellern deklarierten Werten verglichen.Influence of carbonation on the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units. Within a limited research project the influence of carbonation on the compressive strength and the thermal conductivity of commercially available autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units were investigated. Therefor samples have been cut out of complete masonry units and stored at different climate conditions. Subsequent the compressive strength and the thermal conductivity were determined and compared with the declared values of the manufacturers.