bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential predation by Coleomegilla maculata on Colorado potato beetle strains that vary in growth on tomato
Authors: Lu Wenhua , Kennedy George G. , Gould Fred 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study tests the hypothesis that the generalist predator Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer causes differential mortality of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), larvae differing in their degree of genetic adaptation to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as a host plant. Results of a series of laboratory experiments demonstrate that adult C. maculata can cause higher mortality to nonadapted than adapted Colorado potato beetle larvae. The extent of differential mortality caused by C. maculata depended on age of potato beetle larvae; presence of potato beetle eggs; whether or not the predator had a choice among prey items; and, in choice situations, the ratio of adapted to nonadapted potato beetle larvae. Although adult C. maculata have the potential to prey differentially on tomato‐adapted and nonadapted Colorado potato beetle larvae in mixed populations, the magnitude of differential predation in a natural setting could be highly variable.
Infestation rate of argan fruit (Argania spinosa) by the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) in relation to phenology and maturation of the fruit
Authors: Mazih Ahmed , Debouzie Domitien 
Published: March 2011

AbstractArgan (Argania spinosa (Sapotaceae)) forest covers about 700,000 ha in the Souss region (Morocco). The medfly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) is known to develop in argans. In this study, we examine variations in medfly infestation rates according to argan phenology from 1987 to 1990. Argan phenology varies greatly among trees, total fruit drop spreading from late March to mid‐July; moreover, an exceptional fructification may occur in Autumn in some trees. From February to about May, the infestation rate is low except in fruit produced during autumnal fructification. In June and July, the rate increases greatly reaching 100% in some trees. Ripe and ripening argans are the most heavily infested; only 10% of immature fruits on the average are attacked by the medfly. Fallen argans are more heavily infested than fruit still on the tree. Productivity per argan averaged from one to three adult medflies. Our results demonstrate that argan forest in the Souss acts as an enormous reservoir of medflies for the nearby citrus orchards.RésuméL'arganeraie (Argania spinosa) couvre environ 700000 ha dans la reégion du Souss, au Maroc. La mouche méditerranéenne des fruits, Ceratitis capitata, est connue pour se développer dans les arganes. Des études ont été menées, de 1987 à 1990, pour étudier comment le taux d'infestation des arganes variait selon leur degré de maturation. La phénologie des arganiers varie fortement selon les arbres: par exemple la chute totale des fruits s'étale de fin mars à mi‐juillet. De plus, une fructification peut être observée en automne mais elle ne concerne qu'un nombre limité d'arbres. De février à mai environ, le taux d'infestation des arganes reste faible, sauf pour les fruits produits pendant la fructification de l'automne précédent. En juin en juillet, le taux augmente fortement atteignant 100% dans certains arbres. Les arganes mûres ou mûrissantes sont les plus attaquées; seuls 10% en moyenne des fruits immatures sont infestés. Les fruits tombés sont toujours (sauf à la fin) nettement plus attaqués que ceux encore présents dans l'arganier. De une à trois Cératites adultes sont formées à partir d'une argane. Nos résultats démontrent que la forêt d'argane du Souss constitue un réservoir gigantesque de la Cératite pour les infestations des vergers d'agrumes proches.
Reciprocal influences and costs of parasitism on the development of Corcyra cephalonica and its endoparasitoid Venturia canescens
Authors: Harvey Jeffrey A. , Thompson David J. , Heyes Thomas J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMany endoparasitoids develop successfully within a range of host instars. Parasitoid survival is highest when parasitism is initiated in earlier host instars, due to age‐related changes in internal (physiological) host defences. Most studies examining fitness‐related costs associated with differences in host instar have concentrated on the parasitoid, ignoring the effects of parasitism on the development of surviving hosts that have encapsulated parasitoid eggs. A laboratory experiment was undertaken examining fitness‐related costs associated with encapsulation of Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) eggs by fifth (L5) instar larvae of Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Growth and development of both host and parasitoid were monitored in C. cephalonica larvae containing 0, 1, 2, or 4 parasitoid eggs. Adult size and fecundity of C. cephalonica did not vary with the number of eggs per host. However, there was a distinct increase in host mortality with egg number, although most parasitoids emerged from hosts containing a single egg. The most dramatic effect on the host was a highly significant increase in development time from parasitism to adult eclosion, with hosts containing 4 parasitoid eggs taking over 2.5 days longer to complete development than unparasitized larvae. The egg‐to‐adult development time and size of adult V. canescens did not vary with egg number per host, as demonstrated in a previous experiment using a different host (Plodia interpunctella). The results described here show that there are fitness‐related costs to the host associated with resistance to parasitism.
Density of Anomoea flavokansiensis on Desmanthus illinoensis in monoculture and polyculture
Authors: Piper Jon K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe effect of plant species diversity on the density of the herbivore, Anomoea flavokansiensis Moldenke (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on Desmanthus illinoensis (Michaux) MacMillan (Mimosaceae), a promising North American legume for exploring the principles of diverse, perennial grain agriculture was examined. From mid‐June to early August A. flavokansiensis feeds on young leaves and inflorescences of D. llinoensis. At high density, A. flavokansiensis potentially reduces seed yield and is thus an important consideration for long‐term stands that are to be grown without insecticides. The potential to manage this insect via intercropping its host species with other, non‐host perennial species by monitoring A. flavokansiensis density on D. illinoensis within experimental monocultures, two‐species mixtures with Tripsacum dactyloides, and three‐species mixtures with T. dactyloides and Leymus racemosus was examined. Insects were censused 2–3 times weekly from mid‐June to early August at two sites from 1991 to 1995. In the first three years, beetle density was generally low (<1 per plant), and did not differ among treatments. In the fourth year, however, beetle density peaked at 15 and 25 insects per plant at the two sites, and was highest within monoculture for most dates. In 1995, density was again low, but tended to remain higher in monoculture at one site. The results suggest that beetle density on D. illinoensis can be reduced in polyculture and may hold promise for the management of this insect herbivore within perennial grain polycultures.
Host location by Gelis festinans, an eggsac parasitoid of the linyphiid spider Erigone atra
Authors: van Baarlen Peter , Topping Chris J. , Sunderland Keith D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractInteractions were investigated between the spider Erigone atra (Blackwall) (Araneae, Linyphiidae) and the insect parasitoid Gelis festinans (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), both found in an agricultural wheat field surrounded by grass edges. The searching behaviour of G. festinans was studied in laboratory experiments. Odours from detached wheat and grass leaves were preferred by male and female parasitoids when tested against clean air in Y‐tube olfactometer experiments. Female parasitoids, collected from the field, and their lab‐reared female offspring, preferred wheat odours when given the choice between wheat vs. grass odours. Male parasitoids showed no significant preference for wheat or grass leaves. Both field‐captured and lab‐reared female parasitoids responded to silk from the spider E. atra with an increased searching behaviour, while showing no response to silk from the spiders Lepthyphantes tenuis (Blackwall), Bathyphantes gracilis (Blackwall), Oedothorax retusus (Westring) and O. fuscus (Blackwall) (Araneae, Linyphiidae). Female parasitoids spent significantly less time on surfaces that were pre‐searched by themselves or conspecific females than on unsearched areas, even in the presence of E. atra webbing. Parasitized eggsacs were distinguished from unparasitized ones; superparasitization was not observed.
Effects of fenoxycarb on ovarian development, spring fecundity and longevity in winterform pear psylla
Authors: Horton David R. , Lewis Tamera M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe insect growth regulator fenoxycarb prompts ovarian development in diapausing winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster) (Homoptera: Psyllidae). We applied fenoxycarb to caged psylla in September, November, and December to test whether premature ovarian development reduced overwintering survival, spring fecundity, or spring longevity. Fenoxycarb prompted ovarian development in all treated psylla, with the largest effects occurring in the September‐treated insects. Recovery of live psylla in spring was 46–95% in treated insects and 72–92% in controls; overwintered insects from the fenoxycarb treatments survived field temperatures below −20°C despite having had mature ovaries. Fecundity and longevity of psylla were the same in treated and untreated insects, indicating that overwintering with mature ovaries did not cause reduced spring egglaying capacity. Several treated insects each deposited over 1900 eggs and survived more than 120 days. Due to their more advanced development, treated insects had higher oviposition rates than controls during the first 5 days after removal from the field. The largest impact on spring fitness was due to the effects of fenoxycarb on egg hatch. Eggs deposited on clean foliage by September‐treated females were less likely to hatch than eggs deposited by controls, suggesting that fenoxycarb affected developing eggs within the female. Prospects for using fenoxycarb in fall to control pear psylla appear to be limited.
Egg‐limited functional response of Uscana lariophaga, egg parasitoid of bruchid beetle pests in stored cowpea
Authors: van Alebeek Frans A. N. , Koning C. M. , de Korte E. A. P. , van Huis A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe functional response of the egg parasitoid Uscana lariophaga Steffan (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to eggs of its host Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) was investigated in storage containers filled with a cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) seed mass. Foraging time was limited to 4 or 24 h. These indirect experiments were supplemented by direct observations of the parasitoid's handling time, egg‐laying capacity and initial egg load. The foraging process of U. lariophaga can be divided into two distinct stages: the process leading to detection of host clusters and, after arrival within a host cluster, the response of the parasitoid to the host density within the cluster. The chance that a cluster is found by U. lariophaga appeared independent of the number of host eggs per cluster, but was influenced by the available foraging time. Within a host cluster, U. lariophaga demonstrated a Holling II type functional response. Parasitoids were strongly arrested in host clusters, leading to high levels of parasitism. Direct observations proved that handling time was not a limiting factor, but that U. lariophaga's initial egg load and egg maturation rate limited the plateau level of her functional response. As such, direct observations were essential for a correct interpretation of the mechanisms underlying the shape of the functional response.
Preconceptional stress and racial disparities in preterm birth: an overview
Authors: KRAMER MICHAEL R. , HOGUE CAROL J. , DUNLOP ANNE L. , MENON RAMKUMAR 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective. We reviewed the evidence for three theories of how preconceptional psychosocial stress could act as a contributing determinant of excess preterm birth risk among African American women: early life developmental plasticity and epigenetic programming of adult neuroendocrine systems; blunting, weathering, or dysfunction of neuroendocrine and immune function in response to chronic stress activation through the life course; individuals’ adoption of risky behaviors such as smoking as a response to stressful stimuli.Methods. Basic science, clinical, and epidemiologic studies indexed in MEDLINE and Web of Science databases on preconceptional psychosocial stress, preterm birth and race were reviewed.Results. Mixed evidence leans towards modest associations between preconceptional chronic stress and preterm birth (for example common odds ratios of 1.2–1.4), particularly in African American women, but it is unclear whether this association is causal or explains a substantial portion of the Black–White racial disparity in preterm birth. The stress‐preterm birth association may be mediated by hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis dysfunction and susceptibility to bacterial vaginosis, although these mechanisms are incompletely understood. Evidence for the role of epigenetic or early life programming as a determinant of racial disparities in preterm birth risk is more circumstantial.Conclusions. Preconceptional stress, directly or in interaction with host genetic susceptibility or infection, remains an important hypothesized risk factor for understanding and reducing racial disparities in preterm birth. Future studies that integrate adequately sized epidemiologic samples with measures of stress, infection, and gene expression, will advance our knowledge and allow development of targeted interventions.
Aesthetics of implant‐supported single anterior maxillary crowns evaluated by objective indices and participants' perceptions
Authors: Vilhjálmsson Vilhjálmur H. , Klock Kristin S. , Størksen Kjell , Bårdsen Asgeir 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the aesthetics of implant‐supported single crowns in the anterior maxilla using objective indices and patients' perception.Methods: Fifty participants, former patients (mean age 31.3 years) at the Dental Hospital, University of Bergen, or at Haukeland University Hospital in Bergen, Norway, who had implant‐supported single crowns replacing upper anterior teeth lost due to trauma or agenesis during 2006, were included. One year after placement of the crown, an evaluation was carried out using the Pink Aesthetic Score (PES), the Implant Crown Aesthetics Index (ICAI), a modified version of the ICAI (mod‐ICAI), and the index of the Californian Dental Association (CDA). The participants rated their satisfaction with the crowns and adjacent soft tissue.Results: The form of the crown was satisfactory for 88% and the colour for 84% of participants, while 72% were satisfied with the adjacent mucosa. A statistically significant bivariate correlation was found between the PES and the ICAI and mod‐ICAI. A weaker association was found between the CDA and the ICAI, mod‐ICAI and PES. A positive correlation was found between the mod‐ICAI index and satisfaction with the form and colour of the crowns and with the sum of ratings of responses to the questions about the form and colour of the crowns and the form and colour of the adjacent mucosa (P<0.05). Although most participants were satisfied, objective evaluation showed that a good aesthetic outcome for single implants was related to the quantity of the peri‐implant mucosa.Conclusion: The mod‐ICAI index correlated with responses to questions about the form and colour of the mucosa. Other significant correlations were found between the participants' aesthetic perceptions and the ICAI and the mod‐ICAI. The mod‐ICAI combined best objective and subjective assessment of aesthetics related to implant‐supported crowns.To cite this article:
Vilhjálmsson VH, Klock KS, Størksen K, Bårdsen A. Aesthetics of implant‐supported single anterior maxillary crowns evaluated by objective indices and participants' perceptions. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000–000. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02128.x
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with Bio‐Oss or Bio‐Oss mixed with autogenous bone as graft: a systematic review
Authors: Jensen Thomas , Schou Søren , Stavropoulos Andreas , Terheyden Hendrik , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Aims: The objective of the present systematic review was to test the hypothesis of no differences in the implant treatment outcome when Bio‐Oss or Bio‐Oss mixed with autogenous bone is used as graft for the maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) applying the lateral window technique.
Material and methods: A MEDLINE (PubMed) search in combination with a hand search of relevant journals was conducted by including human studies published in English from January 1, 1990 to June 1, 2010. The search provided 879 titles and 35 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Considerable variation in the included studies prevented meta‐analysis from being performed and no long‐term study comparing MSFA with the two treatment modalities was identified. Also, the survival of suprastructures after the two augmentation procedures was not compared within the same study.
Results: The 1‐year implant survival was compared in one study demonstrating no statistically significant difference. The implant survival was 96% with Bio‐Oss and 94% with a mixture of 80% Bio‐Oss and 20% autogenous mandibular bone. Addition of a limited amount of autogenous bone to Bio‐Oss seemed not to increase the amount of new bone formation and bone‐to‐implant contact compared with Bio‐Oss.
Conclusions: Therefore, the hypothesis of no differences between the use of Bio‐Oss or Bio‐Oss mixed with autogenous bone as graft for MSFA could neither be confirmed nor rejected.
To cite this article: Jensen T, Schou S, Stavropoulos A, Terheyden H, Holmstrup P. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with Bio‐Oss or Bio‐Oss mixed with autogenous bone as graft: a systematic review. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 263–273 doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02168.x
Parapneumonic empyema in children before the era of pneumococcal vaccination
Authors: Niemi E , Korppi M 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:  During the past two decades, the incidence of paediatric empyema has increased in many countries.Purpose:  The aim of this retrospective hospital chart review was to evaluate the incidence, aetiology and clinical and laboratory characteristics of parapneumonic empyema in children.Subjects and methods:  Twenty‐one patients were admitted to a university hospital from the area with a population of 84 000 children in 1991–2009.Results:  The annual incidence of parapneumonic empyema was 1.6/100 000 children in 1991–1998, 0.2/100 000 children in 1999–2005 and 2.7/100 000 children in 2006–2009. Bacterial aetiology was identified in 52% of the cases, and pneumococcus caused 45% of the cases with bacterial aetiology detected. The clinical and laboratory findings in children with and without pleural effusion on admission were surprisingly similar. The development of empyema in hospital during antibiotic therapy was associated with persistent fever and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) >200 mg/L for 48 h after admission.Conclusion:  The incidence of parapneumonic empyema in children fluctuated but in the long run, increased in 1991–2009. Pneumococcus caused half of the cases with bacterial diagnosis available. Since 2010, pneumococcal vaccination has belonged to the general vaccination programme, and the effect on the incidence of empyema remains to be seen.
Microalbuminuria in the paediatric age: current knowledge and emerging questions
Authors: Tsioufis Costas , Mazaraki Anastasia , Dimitriadis Kyriakos , Stefanidis Costas J , Stefanadis Christodoulos 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe prevalence of microalbuminuria (MA) in children and adolescents differs from the one in adults, and it is estimated to be about 5.7–7.3% in boys and 12.7–15.1% in girls. The percentage is greater in smaller age group, whereas a positive association is found between albumin excretion rate and pubertal development stage in nondiabetic subjects. The data so far suggest that impairment of glucose metabolism, obesity‐related proatherosclerotic pathways and the impact of haemodynamic load constitute major determinants of albuminuria development in the early years of life. In everyday practice if persistent MA is present at a young age, especially in the setting of diabetes, further investigation of cardiovascular risk factors, a more careful follow‐up and dietary/lifestyle interventions are needed.Conclusion:  Although the significance of MA in paediatric essential hypertension has yet to be determined, its role in diabetic children and adolescents is established and albuminuria assessment has been utilized as a screening test for the presence of diabetes‐related kidney disease.
Taste disorders in Australian Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal children
Authors: Laing DG , Wilkes FJ , Underwood N , Tran L 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim: To assess the prevalence and type of taste disorders in Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal children matched for age, gender and living in the same general and educational environment.Methods: Taste function was assessed in 432 Aboriginal (n = 166) and non‐Aboriginal (n = 266) children aged 8–12 years from six public schools in a rural township using a three‐choice taste identification test and a cross‐sectional design.Results: The prevalence of taste disorders was very high and significantly more common in Aboriginal (20/166; 12.0%) than in non‐Aboriginal (21/266; 7.9%) children. Forty‐one children had quality‐specific disorders, of whom 27 (65.9%) had sweet disorders. Children often had more than one quality disorder.Conclusion: The prevalence of taste disorders in children was high and exceeded the level (4%) designated by the World Health Organisation as requiring immediate action by health authorities. As the cause of the disorders is unknown, there is a need for a wider investigation of the causes and the consequences.
Literacy in church and family sites through the eyes of Samoan children in New Zealand
Authors: Dickie John , McDonald Geraldine 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSamoan school children living in New Zealand were given disposable cameras and asked to photograph examples of the uses of reading and writing outside the school. Interviewed later, they explained their photographs including information about literacy in church and family. Rote learning and oral presentation of biblical texts that were read and committed to memory were characteristic of church literacy and supported by practices in the home as Shirley Brice Heath and others have reported. The purpose is closely connected to maintenance of Samoan culture and survival of the language. However, it was found that older siblings introduced school ways of learning to younger family members and that church literacy involved techniques for understanding and assessment that were similar to those of the school. It is asked whether the disparity in measured literacy performance of Samoan people is the consequence of a mismatch between church and family literacy and the literacy of the school.
Ancient Skepticism: The Skeptical Academy
Authors: Machuca Diego 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAncient philosophy knew two main skeptical traditions: the Pyrrhonian and the Academic. In this final paper of the three‐part series devoted to ancient skepticism, I present some of the topics about Academic skepticism which have recently been much debated in the specialist literature. I will be concerned with the outlooks of Arcesilaus, Carneades, and Philo of Larissa.