bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered M1/M2 activation patterns of monocytes in severe relapsing experimental rat model of multiple sclerosis. Amelioration of clinical status by M2 activated monocyte administration
Authors: Mikita Joanna , Dubourdieu-Cassagno Nadège , Deloire Mathilde SA , Vekris Antoine , Biran Marc , Raffard Gérard , Brochet Bruno , Canron Marie-Hélène , Franconi Jean-Michel , Boiziau Claudine , Petry Klaus G 
Published: September 2010

Objectives:We investigated proinflammatory M1 and immunomodulatory M2 activation profiles of circulating monocytes in relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis, and tested whether altered M1/M2 equilibrium promotes CNS inflammation. Results:Approaches of MRI macrophage tracking with USPIO nanoparticles and expression patterns of M1/M2 macrophages and microglia in brain and M1/M2 monocytes in blood samples at various disease stages revealed that M1/M2 equilibrium in blood and CNS favors mild EAE, while imbalance towards M1 promotes relapsing EAE. We consequently investigated whether M2 activated monocyte restoration in peripheral blood could cure acute clinical EAE disease. Administration of ex vivo activated M2 monocytes both suppressed ongoing severe EAE and increased immunomodulatory expression pattern in lesions, confirming their role in the induction of recovery. Conclusion:We conclude that imbalance of monocyte activation profiles and impaired M2 expression, are key factors in development of relapses. Our study opens new perspectives for therapeutic applications in MS.
Nogo-B receptor is essential for angiogenesis in zebrafish via Akt pathway
Authors: Zhao Baofeng , Chun Changzoon , Liu Zhong , Horswill Mark A. , Pramanik Kallal , Wilkinson George A. , Ramchandran Ramani , Miao Robert Q. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOur previous work has shown that axon guidance gene family Nogo-B and its receptor (NgBR) are essential for chemotaxis and morphogenesis of endothelial cells in vitro. To investigate NogoB-NgBR function in vivo, we cloned the zebrafish ortholog of both genes and studied loss of function in vivo using morpholino antisense technology. Zebrafish ortholog of Nogo-B is expressed in somite while expression of zebrafish NgBR is localized in intersomitic vessel (ISV) and axial dorsal aorta during embryonic development. NgBR or Nogo-B knockdown embryos show defects in ISV sprouting in the zebrafish trunk. Mechanistically, we found that NgBR knockdown not only abolished its ligand Nogo-B–stimulated endothelial cell migration but also reduced the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and vascular endothelial growth factor–induced chemotaxis and morphogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Further, constitutively activated Akt (myristoylated [myr]Akt) or human NgBR can rescue the NgBR knockdown umbilical vein endothelial cell migration defects in vitro or NgBR morpholino-caused ISV defects in vivo. These data place Akt at the downstream of NgBR in both Nogo-B– and VEGF-coordinated sprouting of ISVs. In summary, this study identifies the in vivo functional role for Nogo-B and its receptor (NgBR) in angiogenesis in zebrafish.
Role for vitamin D receptor in the neuronal control of the hematopoietic stem cell niche
Authors: Kawamori Yuriko , Katayama Yoshio , Asada Noboru , Minagawa Kentaro , Sato Mari , Okamura Atsuo , Shimoyama Manabu , Nakagawa Kimie , Okano Toshio , Tanimoto Mitsune , Kato Shigeaki , Matsui Toshimitsu 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are released from the bone marrow to the circulation by the cytokine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, via sympathetic nervous system (SNS)–mediated osteoblast suppression. Because the orientation of HSPCs in their osteoblastic niche is reported to be guided by [Ca2+], we speculated on a cooperation between the calcium-regulating hormones and SNS in the regulation of HSPC trafficking. Here, we present the severe impairment of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor–induced osteoblast suppression and subsequent HSPC mobilization in vitamin D receptor (VDR)–deficient mice. In osteoblasts, functional VDR possessing, at least in part, a transcriptional activity, was specifically induced by β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists. While β2-AR agonists transiently increased mRNA expression of Vdr and its downstream gene, Rankl, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 sustained the β2-AR–induced Rankl expression at high level by stabilizing VDR protein. These data suggest that VDR is essential for durable β2-AR signaling in the stem cell niche. Our study demonstrates not only a novel function of VDR as a critical modulator of HSPC trafficking, but also the presence of a SNS-mediated, bone-remodeling mechanism through VDR. VDR contributes to brain-bone-blood integration in an unanticipated way distinct from other classical calcium-regulating hormones.
A role for proapoptotic Bax and Bak in T-cell differentiation and transformation
Authors: Biswas Subhrajit , Shi Qiong , Matise Lauren , Cleveland Susan , Dave Utpal , Zinkel Sandra 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Proapoptotic Bax and Bak are the key B-cell lymphoma-2 family members mediating apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. Cells doubly deficient for Bax and Bak are profoundly resistant to apoptotic stimuli originating from multiple stimuli. Here we describe mice in which Bax and Bak have been deleted specifically in T-cells using Lck-Cre. In these T cell–specific BaxBak-deficient mice, early T-cell progenitors accumulate in the thymus, with relative depletion of more mature T cells. In addition, bone marrow progenitor cells fail to progress to the double positive stage when cultured on OP9 stromal cells expressing the Notch ligand Delta-like 1, consistent with a critical role for Bax and Bak in early T-cell development. Over time, T cell–specific BaxBak-deficient mice progress to an aggressive T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Interestingly, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of BaxBak-deficient T-cell lymphomas does not display amplification of the Notch signal transduction pathway, commonly activated in T-cell leukemia in both mouse and man. Bax and Bak, key regulators of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, are thus required to prevent T-cell malignancy, and for normal T-cell differentiation, regulating early T-cell development at the stage of early T-lineage progenitor cells.
Tetracycline-controlled transgene activation using the ROSA26-iM2-GFP knock-in mouse strain permits GFP monitoring of DOX-regulated transgene-expression
Authors: Wörtge Simone , Eshkind Leonid , Cabezas-Wallscheid Nina , Lakaye Bernard , Kim Jinhyun , Heck Rosario , Abassi Yasmin , Diken Mustafa , Sprengel Rolf , Bockamp Ernesto 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Conditional gene activation is an efficient strategy for studying gene function in genetically modified animals. Among the presently available gene switches, the tetracycline-regulated system has attracted considerable interest because of its unique potential for reversible and adjustable gene regulation.

Results
To investigate whether the ubiquitously expressed Gt(ROSA)26Sor locus enables uniform DOX-controlled gene expression, we inserted the improved tetracycline-regulated transcription activator iM2 together with an iM2 dependent GFP gene into the Gt(ROSA)26Sor locus, using gene targeting to generate ROSA26-iM2-GFP (R26t1Δ) mice. Despite the presence of ROSA26 promoter driven iM2, R26t1Δ mice showed very sparse DOX-activated expression of different iM2-responsive reporter genes in the brain, mosaic expression in peripheral tissues and more prominent expression in erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages, in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and in olfactory neurons.

Conclusions
The finding that gene regulation by the DOX-activated transcriptional factor iM2 in the Gt(ROSA)26Sor locus has its limitations is of importance for future experimental strategies involving transgene activation from the endogenous ROSA26 promoter. Furthermore, our ROSA26-iM2 knock-in mouse model (R26t1Δ) represents a useful tool for implementing gene function in vivo especially under circumstances requiring the side-by-side comparison of gene manipulated and wild type cells. Since the ROSA26-iM2 mouse allows mosaic gene activation in peripheral tissues and haematopoietic cells, this model will be very useful for uncovering previously unknown or unsuspected phenotypes.
Sub-chronic lung inflammation after airway exposures to Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides in mice
Authors: Barfod Kenneth K , Poulsen Steen S , Hammer Maria , Larsen Søren T 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
The aim of the present study was to assess possible health effects of airway exposures to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based biopesticides in mice. Endpoints were lung inflammation evaluated by presence of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), clearance of bacteria from the lung lumen and histological alterations of the lungs. Hazard identifications of the biopesticides were carried out using intratracheal (i.t.) instillation, followed by an inhalation study. The two commercial biopesticides used were based on the Bt. subspecies kurstaki and israelensis, respectively. Groups of BALB/c mice were i.t instilled with one bolus (3.5 × 105 or 3.4 × 106 colony forming units (CFU) per mouse) of either biopesticide. Control mice were instilled with sterile water. BALFs were collected and the inflammatory cells were counted and differentiated. The BALFs were also subjected to CFU counts.

Results
BALF cytology showed an acute inflammatory response dominated by neutrophils 24 hours after instillation of biopesticide. Four days after instillation, the neutrophil number was normalised and inflammation was dominated by lymphocytes and eosinophils, whereas 70 days after instillation, the inflammation was interstitially located with few inflammatory cells present in the lung lumen.
Half of the instilled mice had remaining CFU recovered from BALF 70 days after exposure. To gain further knowledge with relevance for risk assessment, mice were exposed to aerosols of biopesticide one hour per day for 2 × 5 days. Each mouse received 1.9 × 104 CFU Bt israelensis or 2.3 × 103 CFU Bt kurstaki per exposure. Seventy days after end of the aerosol exposures, 3 out of 17 mice had interstitial lung inflammation. CFU could be recovered from 1 out of 10 mice 70 days after exposure to aerosolised Bt kurstaki. Plethysmography showed that inhalation of Bt aerosol did not induce airway irritation.

Conclusions
Repeated low dose aerosol exposures to commercial Bt based biopesticides can induce sub-chronic lung inflammation in mice, which may be the first step in the development of chronic lung diseases. Inhalation of Bt aerosols does not induce airway irritation, which could explain why workers may be less inclined to use a filter mask during the application process, and are thereby less protected from exposure to Bt spores.
Large-scale proteomic identification of S100 proteins in breast cancer tissues
Authors: Cancemi Patrizia , Di Cara Gianluca , Albanese Nadia Ninfa , Costantini Francesca , Marabeti Maria Rita , Musso Rosa , Lupo Carmelo , Roz Elena , Pucci-Minafra Ida 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Attempts to reduce morbidity and mortality in breast cancer is based on efforts to identify novel biomarkers to support prognosis and therapeutic choices. The present study has focussed on S100 proteins as a potentially promising group of markers in cancer development and progression. One reason of interest in this family of proteins is because the majority of the S100 genes are clustered on a region of human chromosome 1q21 that is prone to genomic rearrangements. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that S100 proteins are often up-regulated in many cancers, including breast, and this is frequently associated with tumour progression.

Methods
Samples of breast cancer tissues were obtained during surgical intervention, according to the bioethical recommendations, and cryo-preserved until used. Tissue extracts were submitted to proteomic preparations for 2D-IPG. Protein identification was performed by N-terminal sequencing and/or peptide mass finger printing.

Results
The majority of the detected S100 proteins were absent, or present at very low levels, in the non-tumoral tissues adjacent to the primary tumor. This finding strengthens the role of S100 proteins as putative biomarkers. The proteomic screening of 100 cryo-preserved breast cancer tissues showed that some proteins were ubiquitously expressed in almost all patients while others appeared more sporadic. Most, if not all, of the detected S100 members appeared reciprocally correlated. Finally, from the perspective of biomarkers establishment, a promising finding was the observation that patients which developed distant metastases after a three year follow-up showed a general tendency of higher S100 protein expression, compared to the disease-free group.

Conclusions
This article reports for the first time the comparative proteomic screening of several S100 protein members among a large group of breast cancer patients. The results obtained strongly support the hypothesis that a significant deregulation of multiple S100 protein members is associated with breast cancer progression, and suggest that these proteins might act as potential prognostic factors for patient stratification. We propose that this may offer a significant contribution to the knowledge and clinical applications of the S100 protein family to breast cancer.
Dietary and physical activity adaptations to alternate day modified fasting: implications for optimal weight loss
Authors: Klempel Monica C , Bhutani Surabhi , Fitzgibbon Marian , Freels Sally , Varady Krista A 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Alternate day modified fasting (ADMF) is an effective strategy for weight loss in obese adults.

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the dietary and physical activity adaptations that occur during short-term ADMF, and to determine how these modulations affect rate of weight loss.

Methods
Sixteen obese subjects (12 women/4 men) completed a 10-week trial consisting of 3 phases: 1) 2-week control phase, 2) 4-week ADMF controlled feeding phase, and 3) 4-week ADMF self-selected feeding phase.

Results
Body weight decreased (P < 0.001) by 5.6 ± 1.0 kg post-treatment. Energy intake on the fast day was 26 ± 3% of baseline needs (501 ± 28 kcal/d). No hyperphagic response occurred on the feed day (95 ± 6% of baseline needs consumed, 1801 ± 226 kcal/d). Daily energy restriction (37 ± 7%) was correlated to rate of weight loss (r = 0.42, P = 0.01). Dietary fat intake decreased (36% to 33% of kcal, P < 0.05) with dietary counseling, and was related to rate of weight loss (r = 0.38, P = 0.03). Hunger on the fast day decreased (P < 0.05) by week 2, and remained low. Habitual physical activity was maintained throughout the study (fast day: 6416 ± 851 steps/d; feed day: 6569 ± 910 steps/d).

Conclusion
These findings indicate that obese subjects quickly adapt to ADMF, and that changes in energy/macronutrient intake, hunger, and maintenance of physical activity play a role in influencing rate of weight loss by ADMF.
Comparison of two approaches for measuring household wealth via an asset-based index in rural and peri-urban settings of Hunan province, China
Authors: Balen Julie , McManus Donald P , Li Yue-Sheng , Zhao Zheng-Yuan , Yuan Li-Ping , Utzinger Jürg , Williams Gail M , Li Ying , Ren Mao-Yuan , Liu Zong-Chuan , Zhou Jie , Raso Giovanna 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background
There are growing concerns regarding inequities in health, with poverty being an important determinant of health as well as a product of health status. Within the People's Republic of China (P.R. China), disparities in socio-economic position are apparent, with the rural-urban gap of particular concern. Our aim was to compare direct and proxy methods of estimating household wealth in a rural and a peri-urban setting of Hunan province, P.R. China.

Methods
We collected data on ownership of household durable assets, housing characteristics, and utility and sanitation variables in two village-wide surveys in Hunan province. We employed principal components analysis (PCA) and principal axis factoring (PAF) to generate household asset-based proxy wealth indices. Households were grouped into quartiles, from 'most wealthy' to 'most poor'. We compared the estimated household wealth for each approach. Asset-based proxy wealth indices were compared to those based on self-reported average annual income and savings at the household level.

Results
Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that PCA and PAF yielded similar results, indicating that either approach may be used for estimating household wealth. In both settings investigated, the two indices were significantly associated with self-reported average annual income and combined income and savings, but not with savings alone. However, low correlation coefficients between the proxy and direct measures of wealth indicated that they are not complementary. We found wide disparities in ownership of household durable assets, and utility and sanitation variables, within and between settings.

Conclusion
PCA and PAF yielded almost identical results and generated robust proxy wealth indices and categories. Pooled data from the rural and peri-urban settings highlighted structural differences in wealth, most likely a result of localized urbanization and modernization. Further research is needed to improve measurements of wealth in low-income and transitional country contexts.
The Relationship between Early Reading Skills and Speech and Language Performance in Young Children with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Chapman Kathy L. 
Published: September 2010

Objective To examine the early reading skills of young children with cleft lip and palate and to examine the relationship between early reading skills and speech and language performance. Participants A total of 56 children participated in the study: 28 children with cleft lip and palate and 28 noncleft children matched for age (mean age, 5 years 7 months), gender, and months of formal schooling. Main Outcome Measures The two groups of children were compared ( t tests) on the Test of Early Reading-3. Pearson product moment correlations were performed to examine separately the relationship between early reading skills speech production abilities and between early reading skills and receptive and expressive language abilities for the two groups. Results Statistically significant group differences were noted on the Test of Early Reading-3. The mean score of 99 obtained by the group of children with cleft lip and palate was within normal limits compared with the norms for the Test of Early Reading-3; however, 14% of the children with cleft lip and palate scored outside the normal range on the Test of Early Reading-3. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between early reading skills and speech production abilities and between early reading skills and language abilities. Conclusions Children with cleft lip and palate differed from noncleft peers in speech and early reading skills. Children with the most severe speech problems were the children with the poorest performance on the Test of Early Reading-3. Management of children with cleft lip and palate should include early identification of and intervention for delays in speech, language, and reading.
The Psychosocial Effects of Cleft Lip and Palate in Non-Anglo Populations: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hutchinson Kathleen , Wellman Maria A. , Noe Douglas A. , Kahn Alice 
Published: September 2010

Objective A meta-analytic study was conducted to examine the cross-cultural psychosocial impact of cleft lip and/or palate in non-Anglo populations. Design A total of 333 citations were initially identified for review using electronic and hand-search strategies. Of the six studies that met inclusion criteria, two were later excluded due to insufficient data. The four remaining studies represented a combined sample size of 2276 adolescents and adults with cleft lip and/or palate from China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Norway. Main outcome Measures Effect size using Cohen's d and confidence intervals were estimated using data from four studies of empirical, controlled study designs. Results The magnitude of effect sizes indicated that men ( d = −0.75) with cleft lip and/or palate in non-Anglo cultures are more prone to psychosocial issues than women ( d = −0.33). Adults ( d = −0.50) are more impacted than adolescents ( d = −0.04). Overall, regardless of age, gender, or culture, individuals with cleft lip and/or palate have lower psychosocial development than individuals without cleft lip and/or palate ( d = −0.42). Conclusion The effects for the cross-cultural comparisons were moderated by the age group and gender of the participants; however, most studies resulted in negative effect sizes. Health care teams for cleft lip and/or palate should recognize the importance of psychological intervention and family support in the treatment of all patients with cleft lip and/or palate throughout the life span.
Primary Correction of Nasal Septal Deformity in Unilateral Clefts during Lip Repair—A Long-Term Study
Authors: Gawrych Elżbieta , Janiszewska-Olszowska Joanna 
Published: September 2010

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effect of primary septal correction carried out during lip closure on the nasal septum. Materials, Subjects, and Methods Before primary septal correction was introduced, specimens from the septal cartilage and the anterior nasal spine of 10 deceased newborns and infants were analyzed with the aid of a light microscope to verify the presence of any growth zone. The study group comprised 91 children with unilateral clefts who had undergone primary lip repair with septal correction. The control group comprised 29 children with unilateral clefts operated on without primary septal correction. The appearance of the nasal septum was assessed on extraoral photographs in the second week of life and then 10 to 14 years postoperatively. Results Morphologic examination revealed fibrous connective tissue with no signs of growth between the cartilaginous septum and bone. At long-term examination, the study group was found to have a nasal septum that was straight in 75 (83%), moderately deviated in 14 (15%), and severely deviated in two (2%) patients, whereas in the control group, the septum was considered straight in four (14%) children, moderately deviated in 11 (38%), and severely deviated in 14 (48%). Conclusions Primary septal correction may be considered safe because no growth zone exists between the septal cartilage and the anterior nasal spine. Careful primary nasal septal correction improves nose shape in a way that allows normal growth.