bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fn-OMV potentiates ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis triggered by oncolytic HSV-1 to fuel antitumor immunity
Authors: Wang Shuo , Song An , Xie Jun , Wang Yuan-Yuan , Wang Wen-Da , Zhang Meng-Jie , Wu Zhi-Zhong , Yang Qi-Chao , Li Hao , Zhang Junjie , Sun Zhi-Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOncolytic viruses (OVs) show promise as a cancer treatment by selectively replicating in tumor cells and promoting antitumor immunity. However, the current immunogenicity induced by OVs for tumor treatment is relatively weak, necessitating a thorough investigation of the mechanisms underlying its induction of antitumor immunity. Here, we show that HSV-1-based OVs (oHSVs) trigger ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis (a unique innate immune inflammatory cell death modality), resulting in augmented antitumor immune effects. Mechanistically, oHSV enhances the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, leading to the accumulation of endogenous Z-RNA and subsequent activation of ZBP1. To further enhance the antitumor potential of oHSV, we conduct a screening and identify Fusobacterium nucleatum outer membrane vesicle (Fn-OMV) that can increase the expression of PANoptosis execution proteins. The combination of Fn-OMV and oHSV demonstrates potent antitumor immunogenicity. Taken together, our study provides a deeper understanding of oHSV-induced antitumor immunity, and demonstrates a promising strategy that combines oHSV with Fn-OMV.
Spatially correlated classical and quantum noise in driven qubits
Authors: Zou Ji , Bosco Stefano , Loss Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCorrelated noise across multiple qubits poses a significant challenge for achieving scalable and fault-tolerant quantum processors. Despite recent experimental efforts to quantify this noise in various qubit architectures, a comprehensive understanding of its role in qubit dynamics remains elusive. Here, we present an analytical study of the dynamics of driven qubits under spatially correlated noise, including both Markovian and non-Markovian noise. Surprisingly, we find that by operating the qubit system at low temperatures, where correlated quantum noise plays an important role, significant long-lived entanglement between qubits can be generated. Importantly, this generation process can be controlled on-demand by turning the qubit driving on and off. On the other hand, we demonstrate that by operating the system at a higher temperature, the crosstalk between qubits induced by the correlated noise is unexpectedly suppressed. We finally reveal the impact of spatio-temporally correlated 1/fnoise on the decoherence rate, and how its temporal correlations restore lost entanglement. Our findings provide critical insights into not only suppressing crosstalk between qubits caused by correlated noise but also in effectively leveraging such noise as a beneficial resource for controlled entanglement generation.
Paternal microbiome perturbations impact offspring fitness
Authors: Argaw-Denboba Ayele , Schmidt Thomas S. B. , Di Giacomo Monica , Ranjan Bobby , Devendran Saravanan , Mastrorilli Eleonora , Lloyd Catrin T. , Pugliese Danilo , Paribeni Violetta , Dabin Juliette , Pisaniello Alessandra , Espinola Sergio , Crevenna Alvaro , Ghosh Subhanita , Humphreys Neil , Boruc Olga , Sarkies Peter , Zimmermann Michael , Bork Peer , Hackett Jamie A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiota operates at the interface of host–environment interactions to influence human homoeostasis and metabolic networks1–4. Environmental factors that unbalance gut microbial ecosystems can therefore shape physiological and disease-associated responses across somatic tissues5–9. However, the systemic impact of the gut microbiome on the germline—and consequently on the F1 offspring it gives rise to—is unexplored10. Here we show that the gut microbiota act as a key interface between paternal preconception environment and intergenerational health in mice. Perturbations to the gut microbiota of prospective fathers increase the probability of their offspring presenting with low birth weight, severe growth restriction and premature mortality. Transmission of disease risk occurs via the germline and is provoked by pervasive gut microbiome perturbations, including non-absorbable antibiotics or osmotic laxatives, but is rescued by restoring the paternal microbiota before conception. This effect is linked with a dynamic response to induced dysbiosis in the male reproductive system, including impaired leptin signalling, altered testicular metabolite profiles and remapped small RNA payloads in sperm. As a result, dysbiotic fathers trigger an elevated risk of in utero placental insufficiency, revealing a placental origin of mammalian intergenerational effects. Our study defines a regulatory ‘gut–germline axis’ in males, which is sensitive to environmental exposures and programmes offspring fitness through impacting placenta function.
Genomes of multicellular algal sisters to land plants illuminate signaling network evolution
Authors: Feng Xuehuan , Zheng Jinfang , Irisarri Iker , Yu Huihui , Zheng Bo , Ali Zahin , de Vries Sophie , Keller Jean , Fürst-Jansen Janine M. R. , Dadras Armin , Zegers Jaccoline M. S. , Rieseberg Tim P. , Dhabalia Ashok Amra , Darienko Tatyana , Bierenbroodspot Maaike J. , Gramzow Lydia , Petroll Romy , Haas Fabian B. , Fernandez-Pozo Noe , Nousias Orestis , Li Tang , Fitzek Elisabeth , Grayburn W. Scott , Rittmeier Nina , Permann Charlotte , Rümpler Florian , Archibald John M. , Theißen Günter , Mower Jeffrey P. , Lorenz Maike , Buschmann Henrik , von Schwartzenberg Klaus , Boston Lori , Hayes Richard D. , Daum Chris , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V. , Wang Xiyin , Li Fay-Wei , Rensing Stefan A. , Ben Ari Julius , Keren Noa , Mosquna Assaf , Holzinger Andreas , Delaux Pierre-Marc , Zhang Chi , Huang Jinling , Mutwil Marek , de Vries Jan , Yin Yanbin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractZygnematophyceae are the algal sisters of land plants. Here we sequenced four genomes of filamentous Zygnematophyceae, including chromosome-scale assemblies for three strains of Zygnema circumcarinatum. We inferred traits in the ancestor of Zygnematophyceae and land plants that might have ushered in the conquest of land by plants: expanded genes for signaling cascades, environmental response, and multicellular growth. Zygnematophyceae and land plants share all the major enzymes for cell wall synthesis and remodifications, and gene gains shaped this toolkit. Co-expression network analyses uncover gene cohorts that unite environmental signaling with multicellular developmental programs. Our data shed light on a molecular chassis that balances environmental response and growth modulation across more than 600 million years of streptophyte evolution.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to intensive care units in Uganda: a descriptive nationwide multicentre prospective study
Authors: Atumanya Patience , Agaba Peter. K. , Mukisa John , Nakibuuka Jane , Kwizera Arthur , Sendagire Cornelius 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntensive care unit (ICU) mortality rates have decreased over time. However, in low-and lower-middle income countries (LMICs), there remains an excess ICU mortality with limited understanding of patient characteristics, treatments, and outcomes from small single centre studies. We aimed therefore, to describe the characteristics, therapies and outcomes of patients admitted to all intensive care units in Uganda. A nationwide prospective observational study including all patients admitted Uganda’s ICUs with available daily charts was conducted from 8th January 2018 to 1st April 2018. Socio-demographics and clinical characteristics including worst vital signs in the first 24 h of admission were recorded with calculation of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS-2) and quick Sequential Organ Function Assessment (qSOFA) score. ICU interventions were recorded during the ICU stay and patients were followed up to 28 days in ICU. The primary outcome was 28 day ICU mortality. Three-hundred fifty-one patients were analysed with mean age 39 (24.1) years, 205 (58.4%) males with 197 (56%) surgical admissions. The commonest indication for ICU admission was postoperative care (42.9%), 214 (61%) had at least one comorbidity, with hypertension 104 (48.6%) most prevalent and 35 (10%) HIV positive. The 28 day ICU mortality was 90/351 (25.6%) with a median ICU stay of 3 (1–7) days. The highest probability of death occurred during the first 10 days with more non-survivors receiving mechanical ventilation (80% vs 34%; p < 0.001), sedation/paralysis (70% vs 50%; p < 0.001), inotropic/vasopressor support (56.7% vs 22.2%; p < 0.001) and renal replacement therapy (14.4% vs 4.2%; p < 0.001). Independent predictors of ICU mortality included mechanical ventilation (HR 3.34, 95% CI 1.48–7.52), sedation/paralysis (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.39–5.16), inotropes/vasopressor (HR 3.17,95% CI 1.89–5.29) and an HIV positive status (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.14–4.56). This study provides a comprehensive description of ICU patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes in Uganda. It not only adds to the global body of knowledge on ICU care in resource-limited settings but also serves as a foundation for future research and policy initiatives aimed at optimizing ICU care in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Status of self-medication and the relevant factors regarding drug efficacy and safety as important considerations among adolescents aged 12–18 in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Diyue , Ge Pu , Li Xialei , Hong Wenying , Huang Mengjie , Zhu Lijun , Kaierdebieke Ayidana , Yu Wenbian , Qi Jiale , Pu Keping , Ling Rong , Pan LuTong , Sun Xinying , Wu Yibo , Feng Qiqin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate self-medication behavior among Chinese adolescents aged 12–18 years and explore the factors associated with whether adolescents prioritize drug efficacy or safety when engaging in self-medication behavior. In 2021, a questionnaire investigation was conducted in the Chinese mainland using a multi-stage sampling approach. After a statistical description, logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with considering drug efficacy and safety. The self-medication rate among Chinese adolescents aged 12–18 years was 96.61%. Of these, 65.84% considered drug safety to be essential, while 58.72% prioritized drug efficacy. Regression analysis showed that individuals with better healthcare were more likely to consider drug efficacy an important factor. Additionally, those with a healthier family lifestyle were more likely to prioritize efficacy. When individuals engage in self-medication, those residing in urban areas and possessing advanced preventive health literacy and ample family health resources tend to prioritize drug safety to a greater extent. Conversely, those with higher monthly household incomes and only children exhibit a decreased inclination towards prioritizing safety during self-medication. Self-medication is a frequently observed practice among Chinese adolescents aged 12–18. Several factors, such as demographic and sociological characteristics, health literacy, and family health status, have been found to be associated with the extent to which adolescents prioritize medication safety and efficacy when engaging in self-medication practices. Higher levels of health literacy and better family health status were positively correlated with considering both the efficacy and safety of drugs as important factors when self-medicating.
Impact of cow, buffalo, goat or camel milk consumption on oxidative stress, inflammation and immune response post weaning time
Authors: Amr Maryam , Farid Alyaa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMilk is a whitish liquid that is secreted from mammary glands; and considered as the primary source of nutrition for newborns since they are not able to digest solid food. However, it contains primary nutrients, as well as growth and immune factors. Early weaning is a critical issue that face women and their babies in developing countries. To avoid infant malnutrition, they tend to use other milk types instead of baby formula. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of cow, buffalo, goat or camel milk consumption on oxidative stress, inflammation and immune response in male and female Sprague Dawley rats post weaning time. The amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins in the tested milk types were evaluated. Animals were divided into 5 groups (control, cow, buffalo, goat and camel milk administrated groups) (10 rats/group); each animal was administrated by 3.4 ml/day. Rats were administered with milk for 6 weeks; at the end of the 5th week, five animals of each group were isolated and the remaining five animals were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and kept for another week to mount immune response. The effect of different milk types on rats’ immune response towards SRBCs was evaluated through pro-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, ESR and CRP measurement; together, with the histopathological examination of spleen samples and hemagglutination assay. Camel milk consumption reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in spleen that resulted from SRBCs immunization; in addition to, B cell stimulation that was apparent from the high level of anti-SRBCs antibodies. Camel milk is recommended for newborn consumption, due to its high-water content, unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin C, as well as low lactose and fat content.
Post-Covid-19 condition (Long Covid) in children and young people 12 months after infection or reinfection with the Omicron variant: a prospective observational study
Authors: Pinto Pereira Snehal M. , Nugawela Manjula D. , Stephenson Terence , Foret-Bruno Paul , Dalrymple Emma , Xu Laila , Whittaker Elizabeth , Heyman Isobel , Ford Tamsin , Segal Terry , Chalder Trudie , Ladhani Shamez N. , Mensah Anna A. , McOwat Kelsey , Simmons Ruth ,   CLoCk Consortium, Buszewicz Marta , Crawley Esther , Garg Shruti , Hargreaves Dougal , Harnden Anthony , Levin Michael , Poustie Vanessa , Semple Malcolm , Sharma Kishan , De Stavola Bianca , Swann Olivia , Shafran Roz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOur previous study in children and young people (CYP) at 3- and 6-months post-infection showed that 12–16% of those infected with the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS-CoV-2 met the research definition of Long Covid, with no differences between first-positive and reinfected CYP. The primary objective of the current study is to explore the impact of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infection on young people 12 months post infection. 345 CYP aged 11–17 years with a first laboratory-confirmed infection with the Omicron variant and 360 CYP reinfected with the Omicron variant completed an online questionnaire assessing demographics, symptoms, and their impact shortly after testing and again at 3-, 6-and 12-months post-testing. Vaccination status was determined from information held at UKHSA. Comparisons between groups were made using chi-squared, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The most common symptoms in first-positive and reinfected CYP 12-months post-testing were tiredness (35.7 and 33.6% respectively) and sleeping difficulties (27.5 and 28.3% respectively). Symptom profiles, severity and impact were similar in the two infection status groups. Overall, by 12-months, 17.4% of first-positives and 21.9% of reinfected CYP fulfilled the research consensus Long Covid definition (p = 0.13). 12-months post Omicron infection, there is little difference between first-positive and reinfected CYP with respect to symptom profiles and impact. Clinicians may not therefore need to consider number of infections and type of variant when developing treatment plans. Further studies are needed to assess causality of reported symptoms up to 12-months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Mendelian randomisation and mediation analysis of self-reported walking pace and coronary artery disease
Authors: Timmins Iain R. , Zaccardi Francesco , Yates Thomas , Dudbridge Frank 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the causal relationship between habitual walking pace and cardiovascular disease risk using a Mendelian randomisation approach. We performed both one- and two-sample Mendelian randomisation analyses in a sample of 340,000 European ancestry participants from UK Biobank, applying a range of sensitivity analyses to assess pleiotropy and reverse causality. We used a latent variable framework throughout to model walking pace as a continuous exposure, despite being measured in discrete categories, which provided more robust and interpretable causal effect estimates. Using one-sample Mendelian randomisation, we estimated that a 1 mph (i.e., 1.6 kph) increase in self-reported habitual walking pace corresponds to a 63% (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.25–0.55, P = 2.0 × 10–6) reduction in coronary artery disease risk. Using conditional analyses, we also estimated that the proportion of the total effect on coronary artery disease mediated through BMI was 45% (95% CI 16–70%). We further validated findings from UK Biobank using two-sample Mendelian randomisation with outcome data from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium. Our findings suggest that interventions that seek to encourage individuals to walk more briskly should lead to protective effects on cardiovascular disease risk.
Time-bin entanglement at telecom wavelengths from a hybrid photonic integrated circuit
Authors: Thiel Hannah , Jehle Lennart , Chapman Robert J. , Frick Stefan , Conradi Hauke , Kleinert Moritz , Suchomel Holger , Kamp Martin , Höfling Sven , Schneider Christian , Keil Norbert , Weihs Gregor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMass-deployable implementations for quantum communication require compact, reliable, and low-cost hardware solutions for photon generation, control and analysis. We present a fiber-pigtailed hybrid photonic circuit comprising nonlinear waveguides for photon-pair generation and a polymer interposer reaching $${68}\,\hbox {dB}$$

68

dB

of pump suppression and photon separation based on a polarizing beam splitter with $$>{25}\,\hbox {dB}$$

>
25

dB

polarization extinction ratio. The optical stability of the hybrid assembly enhances the quality of the entanglement, and the efficient background suppression and photon routing further reduce accidental coincidences. We thus achieve a $$\left( 96_{-8}^{+3}\right) \%$$

96

-
8

+
3

%

concurrence and a $$\left( 96_{-5}^{+2}\right) \%$$

96

-
5

+
2

%

fidelity to a Bell state. The generated telecom-wavelength, time-bin entangled photon pairs are ideally suited for distributing Bell pairs over fiber networks with low dispersion.
Software implementation of systematic polar encoding based PKC-SPE cryptosystem for quantum cybersecurity
Authors: Redhu Ritu , Narwal Ekta , Gupta Shivani , Hooda Reena , Ahlawat Sonika , Khurana Rupali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ever-growing threats in cybersecurity growing with the rapid development of quantum computing, necessitates the development of robust and quantum-resistant cryptographic systems. This paper introduces a novel cryptosystem, Public Key Cryptosystem based on Systematic Polar Encoding (PKC-SPE), based on the combination of systematic polar encoding and public-key cryptographic principles. The Systematic Polar Encoding (SPE), derived from the well-established field of polar codes, serves as the foundation for this proposed cryptographic scheme. Here, we have used MATLAB Software to introduce and implement the PKC-SPE Cryptosystem. The paper examines key generation, encryption, and decryption algorithms, providing insights into the adaptability and efficiency of systematic polar encoding in public-key cryptography. We assess the efficiency of the PKC-SPE Cryptosystem in three aspects: key size, computational complexity, and system implementation timings. In addition, we compare the PKC-SPE Cryptosystem with PKC-PC cryptosystem and find that it has reduced key sizes ($$P_{r}$$Pr= 0.8436 kbytes). The results obtained through simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed cryptosystem and highlighting its potential for integration into real-world communication systems. Thus, in the paradigm shift to quantum computing, the PKC-SPE cryptosystem emerges as a promising candidate to secure digital communication in the quantum computing era.
Comparing the clinical applicability of wavefront phase imaging in keratoconus versus normal eyes
Authors: Belda-Para Carolina , Velarde-Rodríguez Gonzalo , Velasco-Ocaña Miriam , Trujillo-Sevilla Juan M. , Rodríguez-Méndez Iván , Rodríguez-Martin Javier , Alejandre-Alba Nicolas , Rodríguez-García Silvia , Rodríguez-Ramos José M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work is to quantitatively assess the wavefront phase of keratoconic eyes measured by the ocular aberrometer t·eyede (based on WaveFront Phase Imaging Sensor), characterized by a lateral resolution of 8.6 µm without requiring any optical element to sample the wavefront information. We evaluated the parameters: root mean square error, Peak-to-Valley, and amplitude of the predominant frequency (Fourier Transform analysis) of a section of the High-Pass filter map in keratoconic and healthy cohorts. Furthermore, we have analyzed keratoconic eyes that presented dark–light bands in this map to assess their period and orientation with the Fourier Transform. There are significant statistical differences (p value < 0.001) between healthy and keratoconic eyes in the three parameters, demonstrating a tendency to increase with the severity of the disease. Otherwise, the quantification of the bands reveals that the width is independent of eye laterality and keratoconic stage as orientation, which tends to be oblique. In conclusion, the quantitative results obtained with t·eyede could help to diagnose and monitor the progression of keratoconus.
Diagnosing an overcrowded emergency department from its Electronic Health Records
Authors: Marzano Luca , Darwich Adam S. , Jayanth Raghothama , Sven Lethvall , Falk Nina , Bodeby Patrik , Meijer Sebastiaan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmergency department overcrowding is a complex problem that persists globally. Data of visits constitute an opportunity to understand its dynamics. However, the gap between the collected information and the real-life clinical processes, and the lack of a whole-system perspective, still constitute a relevant limitation. An analytical pipeline was developed to analyse one-year of production data following the patients that came from the ED (n = 49,938) at Uppsala University Hospital (Uppsala, Sweden) by involving clinical experts in all the steps of the analysis. The key internal issues to the ED were the high volume of generic or non-specific diagnoses from non-urgent visits, and the delayed decision regarding hospital admission caused by several imaging assessments and lack of hospital beds. Furthermore, the external pressure of high frequent re-visits of geriatric, psychiatric, and patients with unspecified diagnoses dramatically contributed to the overcrowding. Our work demonstrates that through analysis of production data of the ED patient flow and participation of clinical experts in the pipeline, it was possible to identify systemic issues and directions for solutions. A critical factor was to take a whole systems perspective, as it opened the scope to the boundary effects of inflow and outflow in the whole healthcare system.