bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anal–rectal cytology: A review
Authors: Bean Sarah M. , Chhieng David C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe incidence of invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma, a human papilloma virus (HPV) related cancer, is on the rise, especially in HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Like cervical cancer, anal cancer is associated with precursor lesions detectable on exfoliative cytology as squamous intraepithelial lesions and on biopsy as intraepithelial neoplasia. Anal–rectal cytology screening programs, similar to cervical cytology screening programs, have been developed in an effort to detect and to eradicate precursor lesions prior to progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Either conventional or liquid‐based anal–rectal cytology specimens are acceptable, but liquid‐based specimens are preferred. Specimens may be collected by health care professionals or by patients. A minimum of 2,000–3,000 nucleate squamous cells should comprise adequate specimens. Diagnostic terminology as defined by the Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology (TBS 2001) should be used. Sensitivity and specificity of a single anal–rectal cytology specimen is comparable with that of a single cervical cytology test, but cytological interpretations do not always correlate with lesion severity. Patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) or worse should be referred for anoscopy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic detection of concurrent infectious agents in urines from renal transplant patients
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCytology is a well recognized and utilized method for the detection of polyomavirus in urine specimens from renal transplant patients. The purpose of this 5 year 6 month retrospective study (January 1, 2003–June 30, 2008) was to report on the additional infectious agents detected in these specimens. Of the 7,116 urine samples from renal transplant patients that were processed for the detection of polyoma (BK) virus, 1,399 (19.7%) were positive for BK viral inclusions and 5,717 (80.3%) were negative. In addition, 347 specimens (4.8%) contained infectious agents including HPV (1.6%), Candida (3.2%), Herpes virocytes (0.03%), cytomegalovirus (CMV; 0.03%), and trichomonads (0.03%) either alone or in combination. Follow‐up cervical, vaginal, and/or vulvar biopsies were available in six (5%) of the 115 specimens with cellular changes consistent with low‐grade HPV infection: three showed high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, two showed low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and one showed both types of lesions. Urinary cytology plays a role not only in the detection of BK virus but also other infectious agents, which have an impact on follow‐up patient management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:549–550. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ThinPrep Pap test of endocervical adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis: Report of a case in a 17‐year‐old woman
Authors: Wagner David G. , Weisensel Joseph , Mentrikoski Mark J. , Leo Sharon D. , Bonfiglio Thomas A. , Hoda Rana S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEndocervical adenocarcinoma is an uncommon malignancy that is composed of multiple subtypes and accounts for ∼15% of all cervical cancers. In this article, we describe the cytomorphology and differential diagnosis of an AJCC clinical stage IIIb, FIGO IB2 endocervical adenocarcinoma in a 17‐year‐old woman in a ThinPrep Pap test.The patient was a 17‐year‐old G0P0 white woman with no significant past medical history and no prior history of cervical dysplasia. She presented to her physician with a putrid vaginal discharge. A sample was sent to cytology that was interpreted as atypical endocervical cells, favor neoplasia. A subsequent cervical biopsy was diagnosed as endocervical adenocarcinoma with villoglandular features and ultimately, a hysterectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. The final diagnosis was endocervical adenocarcinoma with metastasis to three pelvic lymph nodes.The cytomorphology of endocervical adenocarcinoma on ThinPrep Pap test is similar to that described for conventionally‐processed Pap smears. This difficult diagnosis should be considered on a ThinPrep Pap test, regardless of age when the characteristic cytomorphology is observed. On a cytology sample, it is advisable to state atypical endocervical cells, adenocarcinoma in situ, or endocervical adenocarcinoma without providing a specific subtype even if there is a predominance of features for a particular subtype. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:633–638. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of incidental detection of filariasis on aspiration smears: A case series
Authors: Gupta Sampada , Gupta Ruchika , Bansal Bhawna , Singh Sompal , Gupta Kusum , Kudesia Madhur 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFilariasis is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries including India. Although there are reports of incidentally diagnosed cases of lymphatic filariasis in the existing literature, the significance of this finding needs to be summarised in one place. The association of filariasis with neoplasms is still debatable.For this series, cases diagnosed as filariasis on aspiration cytology (with or without coexistent pathology) over a period of 1 year were retrieved. The cases with a clinical suspicion of filariasis were excluded. Hence, five cases with incidental diagnosis of filariasis on aspiration cytology were included. The site of aspiration included one case each of thyroid, breast, bone marrow, cervical lymph node, and subcutaneous nodule. Of these, three cases showed microfilariae, one showed only adult female worm while one showed both microfilariae and adult worm. Two cases did not show any inflammatory response while three cases showed a variable inflammatory reaction. Only one case (thyroid aspirate) had a coexistent pathology (colloid goitre). Filariasis may be detected in a clinically unsuspected case, especially in an endemic zone. The spectrum of host response may vary from no reaction to a marked inflammatory response. The entire spectrum of changes should be kept in mind while practicing cytopathology in an endemic area. In such situations, a high index of suspicion and careful screening of cytology smears are keys to a correct diagnosis. At the same time, keen search for a coexisting pathology, benign or malignant, is also mandatory. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic features and frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the lymph nodes of patients with histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi‐Fujimoto disease)
Authors: Kishimoto Koji , Tate Genshu , Kitamura Takashi , Kojima Masaru , Mitsuya Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHistiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), also known as Kikuchi‐Fujimoto disease, is a benign and self‐limiting disease. It is histologically characterized by nodal lesions that show the infiltration of histiocytes, lymphoid cells, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), along with either apoptotic or karyorrhexic nuclear debris. pDCs have been proposed to be lymphoid early‐committed immature DCs which are positive for CD123, CD303, CD68, and HLA‐DR but negative for fascin, a mature DC marker, as well as CD13 and CD33,which are mDC markers. In the present study, we analyzed the cytomorphologic features and frequency of pDCs in the lymph nodes of HNL patients. Because the cytologic apprearance of pDCs with Papanicolau staining was quite similar to that of large lymphocytes, immunocytochemistry against CD123 was necessary for the distinction of pDCs. Counting the number of CD123‐positive pDCs in the HNL lymph nodes revealed that pDCs more frequently infiltrated the lymph nodes in the setting of HNL than in either reactive lymphadenitis or T and B cell lymphoma. In addition, interestingly, the numberof pDCs did not depend on the age of the HNL lesion, thus suggesting that pDCs are excellent indicators for the cytologic diagnosis of HNL. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rosette forming glioneuronal tumor pineal gland and tectum: An intraoperative diagnosis on smear Preparation
Authors: Ghosal Nandita , Furtado Sunil V. , Hegde A. S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe present an extremely rare case of newly described entity called rosette forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT), involving the pineal gland, tectum, and the adjacent thalamus in a 22‐year‐old male. Interestingly, the ventricular system was not involved in this case. The tumor was diagnosed intraoperatively on smear preparation on cytomorphology. If sampled adequately, it is fairly easy to diagnose RGNT on smear preparation as it has a very distinctive cytomorphology of being composed of two population of cell. One of the components is pilocytic astrocytoma and the other is composed of small cells with scant cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei, arranged around neuropil‐like material forming “neurocytic rosettes.” To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of RGNT in this rare location being diagnosed intraoperatively on smear preparation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:590–593. 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional biomarkers in cervical precancer: An overview
Authors: Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Rajwanshi Arvind 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCervical cancer develops over a long time through precursor lesions that can be detected by cytological screening. Majority of these lesions regress spontaneously. Therefore, the challenge of cervical cancer screening is to detect the lesions that have a high risk of progression. Several promising biomarkers have been described that may improve screening of cervical cancer, but to date, new biomarkers have not been thoroughly validated in high‐quality studies.The knowledge about human papillomavirus as a causative agent of cervical cancer has accumulated over the last decades has opened the possibility to improve the existing prevention strategies and screening practices. p16 has amply been applied on cytologic samples and has been shown to be a promising marker especially in identification of high‐grade dysplasia. ProEx C, a replication marker, has also been recently shown to be a good marker for identification of high‐grade dysplasia and has been used on cytologic samples. Proliferation markers such as MYC, Ki67, telomerase, MCM, topoisomerase 2A and 3q amplification by in situ hybridization technique are other methods being employed in identification of high‐grade dysplasia. However, currently available data on most of the biomarkers does not warrant their routine use yet. This review highlights the major findings of previous studies on cervical cancer biomarkers. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:618–623. 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rhabdoid meningioma: Rapid intraoperative diagnosis on squash smears
Authors: Bansal M. , Pathak V. P. , Kishore S. , Bansal K. K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRhabdoid morphology in tumors refers to resemblance of the cells to rhabdomyoblasts without true skeletal muscle differentiation. The cytological features include abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, and intracytoplasmic hyaline inclusions. Besides the rhabdoid morphology, cytoarchitectural features of atypical meningioma (four or more mitoses per 10 high‐power fields, high cellularity, sheeting architecture, nuclear atypia, and necrosis) are seen in most cases. A case is presented here to highlight the appearance of rhabdoid cells on intraoperative squash smears, for most accurate treatment and close follow‐up, as rhabdoid morphology is related to aggressive behavior and poor outcomes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:594–596. 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hair cortisol predicts object permanence performance in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Dettmer Amanda M. , Novak Matthew F.S.X. , Novak Melinda A. , Meyer Jerrold S. , Suomi Stephen J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlthough high circulating levels of glucocorticoids are associated with impaired cognitive performance in adults, less is known about this relationship in infancy. Furthermore, because studies have relied on acute cortisol measures in blood plasma or saliva, interpretation of the results may be difficult as acute measures may in part reflect emotional responses to testing procedures. In this study we examined whether hair cortisol, an integrated measure of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning, predicted performance of nursery‐reared (NR) infant rhesus monkeys (n = 32) on Piagetian object permanence tasks. Testing of NR infants began at 19.8 ± 2.2 (mean ± SE) days of age and continued for the next several months. Hair cortisol concentrations from the 32 NR monkeys were compared to those of 20 mother–peer‐reared (MPR) infants. Hair was shaved at Day 14, allowed to regrow, and obtained again at month 6, thus representing integrated cortisol over a 5.5‐month period of time. NR and MPR infants did not differ in month 6 hair cortisol values (t(50) = 0.02, p = 0.98). Linear regression revealed that hair cortisol predicted object permanence performance in the NR infants. Infants with higher hair cortisol reached criterion at later ages on the well (p < 0.01), screen (p < 0.05), and A‐not‐B (p < 0.05) tasks and required more test sessions to complete the well (p < 0.01) and screen tasks (p < 0.05). These data are the first to implicate hair cortisol as a reliable predictor of early cognitive performance in infant macaque monkeys. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 706–713, 2009
Whole genome microarray analysis of chicken embryo facial prominences
Authors: Buchtová Marcela , Kuo Winston Patrick , Nimmagadda Suresh , Benson Shari L. , Geetha‐Loganathan Poongodi , Logan Cairine , Au‐Yeung Timothy , Chiang Eric , Fu Katherine , Richman Joy M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe face is one of the three regions most frequently affected by congenital defects in humans. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, it is necessary to have a more complete picture of gene expression in the embryo. Here, we use microarrays to profile expression in chicken facial prominences, post neural crest migration and before differentiation of mesenchymal cells. Chip‐wide analysis revealed that maxillary and mandibular prominences had similar expression profiles while the frontonasal mass chips were distinct. Of the 3094 genes that were differentially expressed in one or more regions of the face, a group of 56 genes was subsequently validated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and a subset examined with in situ hybridization. Microarrays trends were consistent with the QPCR data for the majority of genes (81%). On the basis of QPCR and microarray data, groups of genes that characterize each of the facial prominences can be determined. Developmental Dynamics 239:574–591, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgenic regulation of ventral epithelial bud number and pattern in mouse urogenital sinus
Authors: Allgeier Sarah H. , Lin Tien‐Min , Moore Robert W. , Vezina Chad M. , Abler Lisa L. , Peterson Richard E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe ventral urogenital sinus (UGS) of control male mice has two rows of 3–4 prostatic buds at birth, but how androgens regulate ventral bud (VB) number and patterning is unclear. VBs in both sexes appeared to be a mixture of prostatic and urethral buds. UGSs from Tfm male and antiandrogen (flutamide)‐exposed mice had small VBs, suggesting that initiation of some VBs is androgen independent. Tfm male mice are widely considered completely androgen insensitive yet their UGSs were 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT)‐ responsive. VBs (6–8) were generally distributed bimodally on the left‐right axis at both minimal and normal male androgen signaling. Yet control females and DHT‐exposed Tfm males had 13–14 VBs, whose left‐right distribution was fairly uniform. These results suggest that VB number and distribution respond biphasically as androgen signaling increases from minimal, and that androgens regulate bud specification. Complete VB agenesis by the selective budding inhibitor 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) required high androgen signaling. Developmental Dynamics 239:373–385, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative evaluation of human embryonic stem cell lines derived from zygotes with normal and abnormal pronuclei
Authors: Huan Qing , Gao Xuan , Wang Yan , Shen Yun , Ma Wu , Chen Zi‐Jiang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHuman embryonic stem (hES) cell lines have been derived from normally or abnormally fertilized zygotes. However, the similar and different properties of these two types of hES cell lines are not well‐known. To address this question, we generated nine hES cell lines from zygotes containing normal (2PN) and abnormal (0PN, 1PN, 3PN) pronuclei. A side‐by‐side comparison showed that all cell lines exhibited distinct identity and karyotypical stability. They expressed similar “stemness” markers and alkaline phosphatase activity and differentiated into three embryonic germ lineages in embryoid bodies and teratomas. Under neural differentiation‐promoting conditions, they were directed into neural progenitors and neurons. However, a variation in cell cycle and the relative abundance of gene expression of undifferentiated and differentiated markers were observed. These variations were also seen among individually derived normal hES cell lines. Thus, normal hES cell lines can be developed from fertilized zygotes with abnormal pronuclei usually excluded from clinical use. Developmental Dynamics 239:425–438, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monocytes/macrophages and/or neutrophils are the target of IL‐10 in the LPS endotoxemia model
Authors: Pils Marina C. , Pisano Fabio , Fasnacht Nicolas , Heinrich Jan‐Michael , Groebe Lothar , Schippers Angela , Rozell Björn , Jack Robert S. , Müller Werner 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIL‐10 is a potent regulator of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Several cell types produce IL‐10 and its receptor chains and these may regulate different immune responses. Here we report that inactivation of the IL‐10 receptor (IL‐10R1) gene in mice leads to an increased susceptibility to chemically induced colitis as in the classical IL‐10‐deficient mutant. To identify the cells regulated by IL‐10 in immune responses, we generated several cell type specific IL‐10R1‐deficient mutants. We show that, in an IL‐10‐dependent LPS model of endotoxemia, dampening of the immune response requires expression of IL‐10R1 in monocytes/macrophages and/or neutrophils but not in T cells nor B cells. As the macrophage and/or neutrophil‐specific IL‐10‐deficient mutants also display the same phenotype, our results suggest that an autocrine loop in monocytes/macrophages is the most probable mechanism for the regulation of an LPS‐induced septic shock. In contrast, in an IL‐10‐regulated T‐cell response to Trichuris muris infection, IL‐10 acting on T cells or monocytes/macrophages/neutrophils is not critical for the control of the infection.
DC expressing transgene Foxp3 are regulatory APC
Authors: Lipscomb Michael W. , Taylor Jennifer L. , Goldbach Cristina J. , Watkins Simon C. , Wesa Amy K. , Storkus Walter J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTolerogenic DC and suppressive Foxp3+ Treg play important roles in preventing autoimmunity and allograft rejection. We report that (adenovirus mediated) ectopic expression of Foxp3 in human DC (i.e. DC.Foxp3) yields an APC that severely limits T‐cell proliferation and type‐1 immune responses from the naïve, but not memory, pool of responder T cells in vitro. In marked contrast, the frequencies of type‐2 and Treg responses were dramatically increased after stimulation of naïve T cells with DC.Foxp3 versus control DC. DC.Foxp3‐induced CD4+CD25+ Treg cells potently suppressed the proliferation of, and IFN‐γ production from, CD4+ and CD8+ responder T cells. Notably, the immunosuppressive biology of DC.Foxp3 was effectively normalized by addition of 1‐methyl‐tryptophan or neutralizing anti‐TGF‐β1 Ab during the period of T‐cell priming. These data suggest the potential utility of regulatory DC.Foxp3 and/or DC.Foxp3‐induced CD4+CD25+ Treg as translational agents for the amelioration or prevention of pathology in the setting of allograft transplantation and/or autoimmunity.
Hierarchy of immunosuppressive strength among myeloid‐derived suppressor cell subsets is determined by GM‐CSF
Authors: Dolcetti Luigi , Peranzoni Elisa , Ugel Stefano , Marigo Ilaria , Fernandez Gomez Audry , Mesa Circe , Geilich Markus , Winkels Gregor , Traggiai Elisabetta , Casati Anna , Grassi Fabio , Bronte Vincenzo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCD11b+/Gr‐1+ myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) contribute to tumor immune evasion by restraining the activity of CD8+ T‐cells. Two major MDSC subsets were recently shown to play an equal role in MDSC‐induced immune dysfunctions: monocytic‐ and granulocytic‐like. We isolated three fractions of MDSC, i.e. CD11b+/Gr‐1high, CD11b+/Gr‐1int, and CD11b+/Gr‐1low populations that were characterized morphologically, phenotypically and functionally in different tumor models. In vitro assays showed that CD11b+/Gr‐1int cell subset, mainly comprising monocytes and myeloid precursors, was always capable to suppress CD8+ T‐cell activation, while CD11b+/Gr‐1high cells, mostly granulocytes, exerted appreciable suppression only in some tumor models and when present in high numbers. The CD11b+/Gr‐1int but not CD11b+/Gr‐1high cells were also immunosuppressive in vivo following adoptive transfer. CD11b+/Gr‐1low cells retained the immunosuppressive potential in most tumor models. Gene silencing experiments indicated that GM‐CSF was necessary to induce preferential expansion of both CD11b+/Gr‐1int and CD11b+/Gr‐1low subsets in the spleen of tumor‐bearing mice and mediate tumor‐induced tolerance whereas G‐CSF, which preferentially expanded CD11b+/Gr‐1high cells, did not create such immunosuppressive environment. GM‐CSF also acted on granulocyte–macrophage progenitors in the bone marrow inducing local expansion of CD11b+/Gr‐1low cells. These data unveil a hierarchy of immunoregulatory activity among MDSC subsets that is controlled by tumor‐released GM‐CSF.
Fréchet‐Type Pallado‐Dendrimers Containing Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands
Authors: Sánchez‐Méndez Alberto , de Jesús Ernesto , Flores Juan C. , Gómez‐Sal Pilar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNeutral and cationic {bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methane}palladium(II) complexes of general formula [PdClX{RCH(3,5‐Me2pz)2}] (X = Cl or Me) or [PdMe(MeCN){RCH(3,5‐Me2pz)2}][BArf4], where R is a benzyl or benzyloxycarbonyl group or a poly(aryl ether) Fréchet‐type dendron, have been synthesized and fully characterized, including by X‐ray diffraction methods in some cases. These palladium complexes have been evaluated as catalyst precursors in the Heck reaction between para‐iodotoluene and methyl acrylate. The active catalytic species formed from these precursors are apparently not coordinated to the bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligands.
Synthesis, Characterization and Hydrolysis of Osmium Tetraphosphorus Complexes
Authors: Caporali Maria , Di Vaira Massimo , Peruzzini Maurizio , Seniori Costantini Stefano , Stoppioni Piero , Zanobini Fabrizio 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe reaction of [CpOs(PPh3)2Cl] (1) with one equivalent of white phosphorus in the presence of AgOTf (OTf = triflate, OSO2CF3) as chloride scavenger affords the stable metal complex [CpOs(PPh3)2(η1‐P4)]OTf (2), which contains the tetrahedral P4 η1‐bound to the CpOs(PPh3)2 metal fragment. Addition of [CpRu(PPh3)2(OTf)] to 2 yields the heterobimetallic species [{CpRu(PPh3)2}{CpOs(PPh3)2}(μ,η1:1‐P4)](OTf)2 (3), in which the tetrahedral P4 is bound to two different metal fragments through two phosphorus atoms. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and their crystal structures have been determined by X‐ray diffraction. The coordinated P4, at variance with the free ligand, reacts with an excess amount of water in thf under mild conditions to yield several products, most of which have been characterized.