bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ability of triplet nitrenes to abstract hydrogen atoms
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Jagadis , Rajam Sridhar , Hadad Christopher M. , Gudmundsdottir Anna D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe enthalpies for H‐atom abstraction reactions by triplet imidogen as well as ethyl, alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, phenyl, and vinyl nitrenes were calculated using density functional theory calculations. These calculations show that H‐atom abstraction reactions are only feasible for triplet imidogen, alkoxycarbonyl, and acyl nitrenes in solution. The calculated charges on the N‐atoms (QNPA) in the nitrene correlate with the magnitude of the transition state barrier for the H‐atom abstraction reactions from methanol as a model reactant. Electron‐withdrawing substituents on these nitrenes make them less stable but do not affect the transition state barrier significantly. Thus, as the electron deficiency of the N‐atom in the nitrenes is increased, the H‐atom abstraction reaction becomes more feasible. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How a usual carbamate can become an unusual intermediate: a new chemical pathway to form glycinate in the interstellar medium
Authors: Bossa Jean‐Baptiste , Borget Fabien , Duvernay Fabrice , Theulé Patrice , Chiavassa Thierry 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExperiments on the thermal reactivity of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methylamine (CH3NH2) are reported and show methylammonium methylcarbamate (CH3NHCOO− CH3NH) and methylcarbamic acid (CH3NHCOOH) are formed at low temperature in solid environment. The VUV (λ > 120 nm) irradiation of carbamate induces the formation of methylammonium glycinate (MAG). Calculations have been performed to give an insight on the pathway for the formation of the methylcarbamic acid (MCA). These calculations show that the methylamine environment play an important role in the barrier and a cooperative effect of the methylamine molecules has to be taken into account. The implication on the interstellar reactivity is also discussed because this pathway to form glycinate can occur in interstellar ices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What research evidence is there for the use of art therapy in the management of symptoms in adults with cancer? A systematic review
Authors: Wood Michele J. M. , Molassiotis Alexander , Payne Sheila 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective: Common psychosocial difficulties experienced by cancer patients are fatigue, depression, anxiety, and existential and relational concerns. Art therapy is one intervention being developed to address these difficulties. The purpose of this research was to assess and synthesize the available research evidence for the use of art therapy in the management of symptoms in adults with cancer.Methods: A literature search of electronic databases, ‘grey’ literature, hand searching of key journals, and personal contacts was undertaken. Keywords searched were ‘art therapy’ and ‘cancer’ or ‘neoplasm’. The inclusion criteria were: research studies of any design; adult cancer population; and art therapy intervention. There were no language or date restrictions. Data extraction occurred and quality appraisal was undertaken. Data were analyzed using narrative synthesis.Results: Fourteen papers reporting 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Symptoms investigated spanned emotional, physical, social and global functioning, and existential/spiritual concerns. Measures used were questionnaires, in‐depth interviews, patients' artwork, therapists' narratives of sessions, and stress markers in salivary samples. No overall effect size was determined owing to heterogeneity of studies. Narrative synthesis of the studies shows art therapy is used at all stages of the cancer trajectory, most frequently by women, the most common cancer site in participants being breast.Conclusion: Art therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that is being used by adults with cancer to manage a spectrum of treatment‐related symptoms and facilitate the process of psychological readjustment to the loss, change, and uncertainty characteristic of cancer survivorship. Research in this area is still in its infancy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melanoma knowledge, perception, and awareness in ethnic minorities in Chicago: recommendations regarding education
Authors: Robinson June K. , Joshi Komal M. , Ortiz Sara , Kundu Roopal V. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives: To assess the level of melanoma awareness and risk perception among ethnic minorities and to identify ways to enhance the relevance of melanoma educational materials for ethnic minorities. Methods: Twelve focus groups composed of participants from a single ethnicity [African‐American (n=40), Hispanic (n=40), and Asian (n=40)], participated in a 2 h discussion on melanoma and skin cancer and commented on an educational brochure by the American Cancer Society and reacted to photographs of melanoma on ethnic skin. Participants also evaluated the ability to sunburn and tan and the skin cancer risk of images of celebrities before and after the discussion. Additionally, participants assessed the skin tone of celebrities as very fair, fair, olive, light brown, dark brown, and very dark. The audiotape recordings of the 12 focus groups were transcribed and analyzed with the Non‐numerical Unstructured Data Indexing Searching and Theorizing software for common themes. Results: The common themes were (1) lack of relevance of skin cancer to ethnic people, (2) understanding of skin cancer risk terminology is based on personal experience and what is acquired from the media, and (3) sources of health information for ethnic minorities are fragmented and physicians are not the primary source of information. Celebrity images representing the six skin tones were selected. Conclusions: Relevance of melanoma education to ethnic people may be improved by using ‘melanoma skin cancer’, photographs of early melanoma in people with dark skin, and providing guidance on how to inspect hands and feet for suspicious moles. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Global Model for the Identification of the Dominant Reactions for Atomic Oxygen in He/O2 Atmospheric‐Pressure Plasmas
Authors: Park Gan Young , Hong Yong Jun , Lee Hyun Woo , Sim Jae Yoon , Lee Jae Koo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAtmospheric pressure plasmas have attracted great interests and been widely used in biomedical applications such as sterilization, coagulation, wound healing, and cancer cells treatment. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in atmospheric pressure plasmas have been believed to play a crucial role in these biomedical applications. The experimental measurement of the atomic oxygen density showed that the highest density was measured at an admixture of 0.5% of O2. The similar trend of the atomic oxygen density varying the concentration of O2 was reproduced through a global model of He/O2 in atmospheric pressure plasmas. The evolution of the dominant production and loss reactions for the atomic oxygen was analyzed. With increase in the concentration of O2, the atomic oxygen was produced mainly by the dissociation of O2 and lost through the recombinations with themselves and oxygen molecules.magnified image
Serum biomarkers which correlate with failure to respond to immunotherapy and tumor progression in a murine colorectal cancer model
Authors: Vafadar‐Isfahani Baharak , Laversin Stephanie Anne‐Sophie , Ahmad Murrium , Ball Graham , Coveney Clare , Lemetre Christophe , Kathleen Miles Amanda , van Schalkwyk Gerhard , Rees Robert , Matharoo‐Ball Balwir 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPurpose: To advance our understanding of mechanisms involved in tumor progression/regression, a CT26 colorectal mouse model treated intra‐tumorally with DISC‐herpes simplex virus as immunotherapy was used in the discovery and validation phases to investigate and ultimately identify biomarkers correlating with the failure to respond to immunotherapy.Experimental design: For the discovery phase, serum protein/peptide profiles of a retrospective sample collection (total n=70) were analyzed using MALDI‐TOF‐MS combined with artificial neural networks. Following identification of the key predictive peptides using ESI‐MS/MS, validation of the identified proteins was carried out on serum and tissues collected in an independent sample set (total n=60).Results: Artificial neural network analysis resulted in four discriminatory peaks with an accuracy of 86%, sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 81% between the progressor/regressor groups. Three of the identified discriminatory markers were upregulated and demonstrated a positive correlation with tumor progression following DISC‐herpes simplex virus therapy. Immunovalidation studies corroborated the MALDI‐TOF‐MS findings. Immunohistochemistry revealed that serum amyloid A‐1 and serum amyloid P produced in the liver localized intracellularly in CT26 tumor tissue.Conclusions: MALDI‐TOF‐MS and BI analysis of the serum proteome of tumor‐bearer mice undergoing immunotherapy, identified biomarkers associating with “failure to respond” and biological arrays confirmed these findings.
Increasing protein stability: Importance of ΔCp and the denatured state
Authors: Fu Hailong , Grimsley Gerald , Scholtz J. Martin , Pace C. Nick 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIncreasing the conformational stability of proteins is an important goal for both basic research and industrial applications. In vitro selection has been used successfully to increase protein stability, but more often site‐directed mutagenesis is used to optimize the various forces that contribute to protein stability. In previous studies, we showed that improving electrostatic interactions on the protein surface and improving the β‐turn sequences were good general strategies for increasing protein stability, and used them to increase the stability of RNase Sa. By incorporating seven of these mutations in RNase Sa, we increased the stability by 5.3 kcal/mol. Adding one more mutation, D79F, gave a total increase in stability of 7.7 kcal/mol, and a melting temperature 28°C higher than the wild‐type enzyme. Surprisingly, the D79F mutation lowers the change in heat capacity for folding, ΔCp, by 0.6 kcal/mol/K. This suggests that this mutation stabilizes structure in the denatured state ensemble. We made other mutants that give some insight into the structure present in the denatured state. Finally, the thermodynamics of folding of these stabilized variants of RNase Sa are compared with those observed for proteins from thermophiles.
Process safety management lessons learned from a petroleum refinery spent caustic tank explosion
Authors: Bloch Kenneth P. , Wurst Dawn M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA spent caustic tank exploded in a major Midwestern USA refinery on August 14, 2007. The explosion occurred while the operators were transferring spent caustic into the atmospheric‐relief, cone roof storage tank that had been in service since 1956. Fortunately, there were no injuries or fatalities. Property damage was, however, sufficient to interrupt the spent caustic disposal process. Unit operation was restored by commissioning an alternative, inherently safe spent caustic storage system.An investigation was launched to determine the explosion's cause. This article details the investigation's conclusions and corrective actions. It describes how a 2005 Hazard and Operability action item's intended purpose to reduce the risk for a PSM failure was defeated by equipment design errors, an unauthorized procedure deviation, and a series of management system failures. Lessons learned are communicated for organizations to avoid repeating similar mistakes. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Process safety management—What is your goal?
Authors: Collins Robert L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this article, the basic elements of process safety management (PSM) and how they are supposed to work together to support the underlying principles of PSM and achieve the goal of zero process‐related incidents are discussed. In doing this, the reader will see how easy it can be to lose sight of this overall objective by focusing only on compliance with the regulations. It is possible to be in 100% compliance with the rules and regulations yet still have a poor quality program, as demonstrated by a failure to achieve the overall objective of PSM.In demonstrating this, the author discusses the basic elements of PSM and how they are intended to work together to support the underlying principles of PSM. This article shows the inter‐relationships and importance of PSM program elements. In doing this, the author will show how it can be easy to lose sight of the overall objective (i.e., zero process‐related incidents) by focusing on compliance with the regulations.The use of leading and lagging metrics to measure and improve the PSM program is introduced and discussed. The importance of creating and using leading metrics that measure both the quantity and quality of each PSM program element is explained. The creation and use of the leading metrics that evaluate performance in a nonsubjective manner can provide uniformity across the organization or an industry. Use of the right leading metrics can drive performance towards the overall objective of zero process‐related incidents. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Ultrasonic attenuation estimation of the pregnant cervix: a preliminary report
Authors: McFarlin B. L. , Bigelow T. A. , Laybed Y. , O'Brien W. D. , OELZE M. L. , Abramowicz J. S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveEstimates of ultrasonic attenuation (the loss of energy as an ultrasonic wave propagates through tissue) have been used to evaluate the structure and function of tissues in health and disease. The purpose of this research was to develop a method to estimate ultrasonic cervical attenuation during human pregnancy using a clinical ultrasound system.MethodsForty women underwent a cervical scan once during pregnancy with the Zonare® z.one clinical ultrasound system using a 4–9‐MHz endovaginal transducer. This ultrasound system provides access to radiofrequency (RF) image data for processing and analysis. In addition, a scan of a tissue‐mimicking phantom with a known attenuation coefficient was acquired and used as a reference. The same settings and transducer used in the clinical scan were used in the reference scan. Digital data of the beam‐formed image were saved in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format on a flash drive and converted to RF data on a personal computer using a Matlab® program supplied by Zonare. Attenuation estimates were obtained using an algorithm that was independently validated using tissue‐mimicking ultrasonic phantoms.ResultsRF data were acquired and analyzed to estimate attenuation of the human pregnant cervix. Regression analysis revealed that attenuation was: a predictor of the interval from ultrasound examination to delivery (β = 0.43, P = 0.01); not a predictor of gestational age at time of examination (β = − 0.23, P = 0.15); and not a predictor of cervical length (β = 0.077, P = 0.65).ConclusionsUltrasonic attenuation estimates have the potential to be an early and objective non‐invasive method to detect interval between examination and delivery. We hypothesize that a larger sample size and a longitudinal study design will be needed to detect gestational age‐associated changes in cervical attenuation. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 11–13‐week scan: diagnosis and outcome of holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis
Authors: Kagan K. O. , Staboulidou I. , Syngelaki A. , Cruz J. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and outcome of fetuses with holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis diagnosed at 11–13 weeks of gestation.MethodsAs part of a prospective screening study for trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation, transabdominal ultrasound examination was performed to diagnose holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis. Fetal karyotype and pregnancy outcome in fetuses with these defects were examined.ResultsScreening was carried out in 57 119 pregnancies. The prevalence of holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis was 1 : 1298, 1 : 381 and 1 : 1632, respectively. Chromosomal abnormalities, mainly trisomies 18 and 13, were found in 65.9% of fetuses with holoprosencephaly, in 55.3% with exomphalos and in 31.4% with megacystis. There was spontaneous resolution of the defect by 20 weeks in 92.5% of euploid fetuses with exomphalos containing only bowel and in 90% of the euploid fetuses with megacystis and bladder length of ≤ 15 mm.ConclusionsA high proportion of fetuses with holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis diagnosed at 11–13 weeks of gestation are aneuploid, but in the majority of cases exomphalos and megacystis represent temporary abnormalities that resolve spontaneously. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic nanoparticle biosensors
Authors: Haun Jered B. , Yoon Tae‐Jong , Lee Hakho , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOne of the major challenges in medicine is the rapid and accurate measurement of protein biomarkers, cells, and pathogens in biological samples. A number of new diagnostic platforms have recently been developed to measure biomolecules and cells with high sensitivity that could enable early disease detection or provide valuable insights into biology at the systems level. Most biological samples exhibit negligible magnetic susceptibility; therefore, magnetic nanoparticles have been used for diverse applications including biosensing, magnetic separation, and thermal ablation therapy. This review focuses on the use of magnetic nanoparticles for detection of biomolecules and cells based on magnetic resonance effects using a general detection platform termed diagnostic magnetic resonance (DMR). DMR technology encompasses numerous assay configurations and sensing principles, and to date magnetic nanoparticle biosensors have been designed to detect a wide range of targets including DNA/mRNA, proteins, enzymes, drugs, pathogens, and tumor cells. The core principle behind DMR is the use of magnetic nanoparticles as proximity sensors that modulate the spin‐spin relaxation time of neighboring water molecules, which can be quantified using clinical MRI scanners or benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometers. Recently, the capabilities of DMR technology were advanced considerably with the development of miniaturized, chip‐based NMR (µNMR) detector systems that are capable of performing highly sensitive measurements on microliter sample volumes and in multiplexed format. With these and future advances in mind, DMR biosensor technology holds considerable promise to provide a high‐throughput, low‐cost, and portable platform for large scale molecular and cellular screening in clinical and point‐of‐care settings. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 291–304This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing
Mechanotransduction: a major regulator of homeostasis and development
Authors: Kolahi Kevin S. , Mofrad Mohammad R.K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn nearly all aspects of biology, forces are a relevant regulator of life's form and function. More recently, science has established that cells are exquisitely sensitive to forces of varying magnitudes and time scales, and they convert mechanical stimuli into a chemical response. This phenomenon, termed mechanotransduction, is an integral part of cellular physiology and has a profound impact on the development of the organism. Furthermore, malfunctioning mechanical properties or mechanotransduction often leads to pathology of the organism. In this review, we describe mechanotransduction and the theories underlying how forces may be sensed, from the molecular to organism scale. The influence of mechanotransduction on normal and abnormal development, such as stem cell differentiation and cancer, is also reviewed. Studies illustrate the diversity of mechanotransduction, and the major role it has on organism homeostasis. Cells employ a variety of mechanisms, which differ depending upon cell type and environment, to sense and respond to forces. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Fractionation of Short and Medium Chain Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from a Blend of Oils via Ethanolysis and Short‐Path Distillation
Authors: Vázquez Luis , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe main objective of the present work was to obtain fractions enriched in short (SCFAEE) and medium chain (MCFAEE) fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from a blend of oils. For this purpose, coconut oil and dairy fat were blended and a transesterification of this blend was performed in order to transform the triacylglycerols into their corresponding FAEE. A detailed study of fractionation conditions for FAEE was carried out using short‐path distillation. Different conditions were explored such as feed rates and temperatures; operating conditions, such as successive steps or a single step. The composition and yield of SCFAEE and MCFAEE were determined under different distillation conditions. Optimal fractionation of the desired compounds was achieved. High purity of SCFAEE and MCFAEE (94 wt%) was attained with a yield of ~50%. An increased yield of SCFAEE and MCFAEE was achieved (85%) with a purity of 83 wt%. A broad range of high value fractions was obtained depending on the conditions selected. The fractions we obtained can be used as starting materials for the production of functional lipids.
Effects of early malnutrition, isolation and seizures on memory and spatial learning in the developing rat
Authors: Hemb Marta , Cammarota Martin , Nunes Magda Lahorgue 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPurposeIn this study we evaluated the effects of undernourishment and seizures on memory and spatial learning in a model of developing brain.Experimental proceduresMale Wistar rat pups were allocated to one of six experimental groups: nourished control (NC), nourished recurrent seizures (NRS), nourished status epilepticus (NSE), undernourished control (UC), undernourished recurrent seizures (URS) or undernourished status epilepticus (USE). The UC, URS and USE groups were maintained on a starvation regimen from postnatal day 2 (P2) to postnatal day 15 (P15). URS and NRS groups suffered three daily Flurothyl‐induced seizures from P2 to P4. The USE and NSE groups suffered a status epilepticus (SE) on P15. Beginning on P21 all groups were trained in the Morris water maze. At P30 the animals were sacrificed and their brains weighed.ResultsOur data indicate that early undernourishment does not alter seizure susceptibility at P15, but diminishes body and brain weight (p< 0.001), whereas seizures diminish body (p< 0.001) but not brain weight (p= 0.972). In the Morris water probe test we have observed that undernourished rats spent less time in the target quadrant than nourished animals (p< 0.001). Also, rats submitted to recurrent seizures and rats submitted to status epilepticus spent less time in the target quadrant than seizure‐free animals (p= 0.001). There was a significant interaction between undernourishment and seizure (p= 0.013).DiscussionOur findings show that undernourishment and seizures have an additive detrimental effect on body and brain weight as well as on spatial memory.