bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RCE Saskatchewan
Authors: Dahms Tanya , Mcmartin Dena , Petry Roger 
Published: April 2010

Saskatchewan, Canada, is a province with strong traditions of volunteerism and innovation. In 2001, 36 per cent of its 1 million population was rural, though this was significantly lower than in 1951 when it was 70 per cent (Statistics Canada 2005). Saskatchewan is experiencing higher population growth in urban than in rural regions. Many rural communities are developing methods to attract migrants and retain their current population by taking advantage of the current resource booms and tourism. Rural programs aimed at education for sustainable development (ESD) are typically more integrated and smaller in scale than those in urban centres. The smaller-scale ESD in rural communities provides a greater capability to innovate more rapidly, while urban centres have entrenched political and market interests, regulatory boundaries and economic barriers to change. Using an inclusive and transparent structure, the Regional Centre of Expertise (RCE) for ESD in Saskatchewan focuses heavily on cooperation between rural and urban communities. Integrative strategies, with objectives spanning both rural and urban areas, are advanced using a nontraditional, nonhierarchical governance model. A flexible structure gives participants the freedom to explore research topics and activities of interest originally within six ESD theme areas collectively identified. The governance model recognises that some centralised decision-making is important, but that these mechanisms must be responsive to members in a flexible way.
Integrating gene expression and GO classification for PCA by preclustering
Authors: De Haan Jorn R , Piek Ester , van Schaik Rene C , de Vlieg Jacob , Bauerschmidt Susanne , Buydens Lutgarde MC , Wehrens Ron 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Gene expression data can be analyzed by summarizing groups of individual gene expression profiles based on GO annotation information. The mean expression profile per group can then be used to identify interesting GO categories in relation to the experimental settings. However, the expression profiles present in GO classes are often heterogeneous, i.e., there are several different expression profiles within one class. As a result, important experimental findings can be obscured because the summarizing profile does not seem to be of interest. We propose to tackle this problem by finding homogeneous subclasses within GO categories: preclustering.

Results
Two microarray datasets are analyzed. First, a selection of genes from a well-known Saccharomyces cerevisiae dataset is used. The GO class "cell wall organization and biogenesis" is shown as a specific example. After preclustering, this term can be associated with different phases in the cell cycle, where it could not be associated with a specific phase previously. Second, a dataset of differentiation of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) into osteoblasts is used. For this dataset results are shown in which the GO term "skeletal development" is a specific example of a heterogeneous GO class for which better associations can be made after preclustering. The Intra Cluster Correlation (ICC), a measure of cluster tightness, is applied to identify relevant clusters.

Conclusions
We show that this method leads to an improved interpretability of results in Principal Component Analysis.
Systematic discovery of regulatory motifs in Fusarium graminearum by comparing four Fusarium genomes
Authors: Kumar Lokesh , Breakspear Andrew , Kistler Corby , Ma Li-Jun , Xie Xiaohui 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background

Fusarium graminearum (Fg), a major fungal pathogen of cultivated cereals, is responsible for billions of dollars in agriculture losses. There is a growing interest in understanding the transcriptional regulation of this organism, especially the regulation of genes underlying its pathogenicity. The generation of whole genome sequence assemblies for Fg and three closely related Fusarium species provides a unique opportunity for such a study.

Results
Applying comparative genomics approaches, we developed a computational pipeline to systematically discover evolutionarily conserved regulatory motifs in the promoter, downstream and the intronic regions of Fg genes, based on the multiple alignments of sequenced Fusarium genomes. Using this method, we discovered 73 candidate regulatory motifs in the promoter regions. Nearly 30% of these motifs are highly enriched in promoter regions of Fg genes that are associated with a specific functional category. Through comparison to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Sp), we observed conservation of transcription factors (TFs), their binding sites and the target genes regulated by these TFs related to pathways known to respond to stress conditions or phosphate metabolism. In addition, this study revealed 69 and 39 conserved motifs in the downstream regions and the intronic regions, respectively, of Fg genes. The top intronic motif is the splice donor site. For the downstream regions, we noticed an intriguing absence of the mammalian and Sc poly-adenylation signals among the list of conserved motifs.

Conclusion
This study provides the first comprehensive list of candidate regulatory motifs in Fg, and underscores the power of comparative genomics in revealing functional elements among related genomes. The conservation of regulatory pathways among the Fusarium genomes and the two yeast species reveals their functional significance, and provides new insights in their evolutionary importance among Ascomycete fungi.
N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor
Authors: McHugh Douglas , Hu Sherry SJ , Rimmerman Neta , Juknat Ana , Vogel Zvi , Walker J Michael , Bradshaw Heather B 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundMicroglia provide continuous immune surveillance of the CNS and upon activation rapidly change phenotype to express receptors that respond to chemoattractants during CNS damage or infection. These activated microglia undergo directed migration towards affected tissue. Importantly, the molecular species of chemoattractant encountered determines if microglia respond with pro- or anti-inflammatory behaviour, yet the signaling molecules that trigger migration remain poorly understood. The endogenous cannabinoid system regulates microglial migration via CB2receptors and an as yet unidentified GPCR termed the 'abnormal cannabidiol' (Abn-CBD) receptor. Abn-CBD is a synthetic isomer of the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) and is inactive at CB1or CB2receptors, but functions as a selective agonist at this Gi/o-coupled GPCR.N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly) is an endogenous metabolite of the endocannabinoid anandamide and acts as an efficacious agonist at GPR18. Here, we investigate the relationship between NAGly, Abn-CBD, the unidentified 'Abn-CBD' receptor, GPR18, and BV-2 microglial migration.ResultsUsing Boyden chamber migration experiments, yellow tetrazolium (MTT) conversion, In-cell Western, qPCR and immunocytochemistry we show that NAGly, at sub-nanomolar concentrations, and Abn-CBD potently drive cellular migration in both BV-2 microglia and HEK293-GPR18 transfected cells, but neither induce migration in HEK-GPR55 or non-transfected HEK293 wildtype cells. Migration effects are blocked or attenuated in both systems by the 'Abn-CBD' receptor antagonist O-1918, and low efficacy agonistsN-arachidonoyl-serine and cannabidiol. NAGly promotes proliferation and activation of MAP kinases in BV-2 microglia and HEK293-GPR18 cells at low nanomolar concentrations - cellular responses correlated with microglial migration. Additionally, BV-2 cells show GPR18 immunocytochemical staining and abundant GPR18 mRNA. qPCR demonstrates that primary microglia, likewise, express abundant amounts of GPR18 mRNA.ConclusionsNAGly is the most effective lipid recruiter of BV-2 microglia currently reported and its effects mimic those of Abn-CBD. The data generated from this study supports the hypothesis that GPR18 is the previously unidentified 'Abn-CBD' receptor. The marked potency of NAGly acting on GPR18 to elicit directed migration, proliferation and perhaps other MAPK-dependent phenomena advances our understanding of the lipid-based signaling mechanisms employed by the CNS to actively recruit microglia to sites of interest. It offers a novel research avenue for developing therapeutics to elicit a self-renewing population of neuroregenerative microglia, or alternatively, to prevent the accumulation of misdirected, pro-inflammatory microglia which contribute to and exacerbate neurodegenerative disease.
Efficacy and safety of indacaterol 150 μg once-daily in COPD: a double-blind, randomised, 12-week study
Authors: Feldman Gregory , Siler Thomas , Prasad Niyati , Jack Damon , Piggott Simon , Owen Roger , Higgins Mark , Kramer Benjamin ,   the INLIGHT 1† study group
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundIndacaterol is a novel, once-daily (o.d.) inhaled, long-actingβ2-agonist in development for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This 12-week, double-blind study compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of indacaterol to that of placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.MethodsEfficacy variables included 24-h trough FEV1(mean of 23 h 10 min and 23 h 45 min post-dose) at Week 12 (primary endpoint) and after Day 1, and the percentage of COPD days with poor control (i.e., worsening symptoms). Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs), mean serum potassium and blood glucose, QTc (Fridericia), and vital signs.ResultsPatients were randomised (n = 416, mean age 63 years) to receive either indacaterol 150μg o.d. (n = 211) or placebo (n = 205) via a single-dose dry-powder inhaler; 87.5% completed the study. Trough FEV1(LSM ± SEM) at Week 12 was 1.48 ± 0.018 L for indacaterol and 1.35 ± 0.019 L for placebo, a clinically relevant difference of 130 ± 24 mL (p < 0.001). Trough FEV1after one dose was significantly higher with indacaterol than placebo (p < 0.001). Indacaterol demonstrated significantly higher peak FEV1than placebo, both on Day 1 and at Week 12, with indacaterol-placebo differences (LSM ± SEM) of 190 ± 28 (p < 0.001) and 160 ± 28 mL (p < 0.001), respectively. Standardised AUC measurements for FEV1(between 5 min and 4 h, 5 min and 1 h, and 1 and 4 h post-dose) at Week 12 were all significantly greater with indacaterol than placebo (p < 0.001), with LSM (± SEM) differences of 170 ± 24, 180 ± 24, and 170 ± 24 mL, respectively. Indacaterol significantly reduced the percentage of days of poor control versus placebo by 22.5% (p < 0.001) and was also associated with significantly reduced use of rescue medication (p < 0.001). The overall rates of AEs were comparable between the groups (indacaterol 49.3%, placebo 46.8%), with the most common AEs being COPD worsening (indacaterol 8.5%, placebo 12.2%) and cough (indacaterol 6.2%, placebo 7.3%). One patient died in the placebo group. Serum potassium and blood glucose levels did not differ significantly between the two groups, and no patient had QTc >500 ms.ConclusionsIndacaterol 150μg o.d. provided clinically significant and sustained bronchodilation, reduced rescue medication use, and had a safety and tolerability profile similar to placebo.Trial registrationNCT00624286
Visfatin, glucose metabolism and vascular disease: a review of evidence
Authors: Saddi-Rosa Pedro , Oliveira Carolina SV , Giuffrida Fernando MA , Reis André F 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The adipose tissue is an endocrine organ producing substances called adipocytokines that have different effects on lipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. Visfatin was recently described as an adipocytokine with potentially important effects on glucose metabolism and atherosclerosis. Visfatin has been linked to several inflammatory conditions, beta cell function, and cardiovascular disease. The growing number of publications on the subject shall bring further evidence about this adipocytokine. Its findings may contribute in the identification of higher risk individuals for diabetes and cardiovascular disease with a better comprehension about the complex intercorrelation between adiposity, glucose metabolism and vascular disease.
Disaggregation Reaction of [2]Pseudorotaxanes Composed of Dibenzo[24]crown-8 and Dialkylammonium Having Isopropyl End Groups
Authors: Suzaki Yuji , Takagi Atsuko , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
[2]Pseudorotaxanes composed of dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8) and dialkylammonium having isopropyl end groups are converted into the component molecules in C6D6 solution containing PF6− anion.
The Construction of H-shaped Fluorescent Materials Based on Building Blocks Consisting of Triphenylamine and Fluorene
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhang Yu-jian , Xiang Wen-qin , Hu Bin , Ouyang Mi , Xu Yi , Ma Chun-an 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A class of complicated 9,9-diarylfluorenes as nonplanar building blocks were synthesized and utilized to prepare a novel H-shaped oligofluorene. High glass transition temperatures and excellent solubility of the obtained oligomers indicated the 9,9-diarylfluorenes would be promising building blocks for the construction of H-shaped optoelectronic materials.
Reviews
Authors:   The Hon Justice Nicholas Hasluck AM, McGovern Alyce , Wise Jenny , Fitz-Gibbon Kate , Grewcock Michael 
Published: April 2010

By Bernadette McSherry and Patrick Keyzer Sydney: The Federation Press, 2009. Edited by Roy Coleman, Joe Sim, Steve Tombs and David Whyte London: Sage Publications, 2009 Edited by Richard Jackson, Eamon Murphy and Scott Poynting London: Routledge, 2010 Edited by Miranda Horvath and Jennifer Brown Cullompton: Willan Publishing, 2009 Ann Jones New York: The Feminist Press, 2009
Epigenetic regulation of p16Ink4a and Arf by JDP2 in cellular senescence
Authors: Nakade Koji , Wasylyk Bohdan , Yokoyama Kazunari K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn response to accumulating cellular stress, cells protect themselves from abnormal growth by entering the senescent stage. Senescence is controlled mainly by gene products from the p16Ink4a/Arf locus. In mouse cells, the expression of p16Ink4aand Arf increases continuously during proliferation in cell culture. Transcription from the locus is under complex control. p16Ink4aand Arf respond independently to positive and negative signals, and the entire locus is epigenetically suppressed by histone methylation that depends on the Polycomb repressive complex-1 and -2 (PRC1 and PRC2). In fact, the PRCs associate with the p16Ink4a/Arf locus in young proliferating cells and dissociate in aged senescent cells. Thus, it seems that chromatin-remodeling factors that regulate association and dissociation of PRCs might be important players in the senescence program. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms that mediate cellular aging and introduce the Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) as a factor that regulates replicative senescence by mediating dissociation of PRCs from the p16Ink4a/Arf locus.
Modification of the electrical and optical Properties of Single Crystal Diamond with Focused MeV Ion Beams
Authors: Vittone Ettore , Budnyk Oksana , Lo Giudice Alessandro , Olivero Paolo , Picollo Federico , Wang Hao , Bosia Federico , Calusi Silvia , Giuntini Lorenzo , Massi Mirko , Lagomarsino Stefano , Sciortino Silvio , Amato Giampiero , Bellotti fabio , Borini Stefano , Jaksic Milko , Pastuovic Zeljko , Skukan Natko , Vannoni Maurizio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper an overview is given on recent results obtained in the framework of an Italian/Croatian collaboration aimed to explore the potential of techniques based on focused MeV ion beams to locally modify the structural, electrical and optical features of diamond.Experiments were carried out using light (H, He, C) ion beams with energies of the order of MeV, focused to micrometer-size spot and raster scanned onto the surface of monocrystalline (IIa or Ib) diamond samples. Different energies, ion species and fluences were used, in conjunction with variable thickness masks and post annealing processes, to define three-dimensional structures in diamond, whose electrical/optical/structural properties have been suitably characterized. Finite element numerical methods have been employed in the modeling of the material modification and in device design.
Glucose Biosensors Based on Vertically-Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Pandey Archana , Prasad Abhishek , Moscatello Jason , Yap Yoke Khin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractVertically-aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (VA-MWCNTs) were grown using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. These VA-MWCNTs were then dip coated by Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) followed by annealing. Samples were then polished to expose the tips of CNTs. Biological molecules Glucose Oxidase (GOx) were then immobilized on the exposed tips of these nanoelectrode ensembles. Here we present further characterization of these devices, with results on the detection limits and measurement stability. We found that these sensors can be reused for longer than eight months when kept in proper storage conditions.
Dislocation Dynamics Simulations of Metal Nanoimprinting
Authors: Nicola Lucia , Van der Giessen Erik , Zhang Yunhe 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSimulations of metal nanoimprinting by a rigid template are performed with the aim of finding the optimal conditions to retain imprints in a thin film on a substrate. Specifically, attention is focussed on the interface conditions between film and substrate and on the template shape. Deeper imprints are obtained when the interface between film and substrate is penetrable to dislocation motion. When the protruding contacts of the rigid template are closely spaced the interaction between neighboring contacts gives rise to material piles up between imprints.
Similarity Relationships in Creep Contacts and Applications in Nanoindentation Tests
Authors: Lee Jinhaeng , Zhou Cong , Su Caijun , Gao Yanfei , Pharr George 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe study of indentation responses of rate-dependent (viscoplastic or creeping) solids has generally focused on the relationship between indentation hardness and an effective strain rate, which can be defined from a similarity transformation of the governing equations. The strain rate sensitivity exponent can be determined from the slope of a log-log plot of the hardness versus effective strain rate, while determining other constitutive parameters requires a knowledge of the relationship between contact size, shape, and indentation depth. In this work, finite element simulations have shown that the effects of non-axisymmetric contact and crystallography are generally negligible. Theoretical predictions agree well with real nanoindentation measurements on amorphous selenium when tested above glass transition temperature, but deviate quite significantly for experiments on high-purity indium, coarse-grained aluminum, and nanocrystalline nickel. Such a discrepancy is likely to result from the transient creep behavior.
Multiscale Computer Simulation of Tensile and Compressive Strain in Polymer-Coated Silica Aerogels
Authors: Good Brian 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWhile the low thermal conductivities of silica aerogels have made them of interest to the aerospace community as lightweight thermal insulation, the application of conformal polymer coatings to these gels increases their strength significantly, making them potentially useful as structural materials as well. In this work we perform multiscale computer simulations to investigate the tensile and compressive strain behavior of silica and polymer-coated silica aerogels.
Aerogels are made up of clusters of interconnected particles of amorphous silica of less than bulk density. We simulate gel nanostructure using a Diffusion Limited Cluster Aggregation (DLCA) procedure, which produces aggregates that exhibit fractal dimensions similar to those observed in real aerogels. We have previously found that model gels obtained via DLCA exhibited stress-strain curves characteristic of the experimentally observed brittle failure. However, the strain energetics near the expected point of failure were not consistent with such failure. This shortcoming may be due to the fact that the DLCA process produces model gels that are lacking in closed-loop substructures, compared with real gels. Our model gels therefore contain an excess of dangling strands, which tend to unravel under tensile strain, producing non-brittle failure. To address this problem, we have incorporated a modification to the DLCA algorithm that specifically produces closed loops in the model gels.
We obtain the strain energetics of interparticle connections via atomistic molecular statics, and abstract the collective energy of the atomic bonds into a Morse potential scaled to describe gel particle interactions. Polymer coatings are similarly described.
We apply repeated small uniaxial strains to DLCA clusters, and allow relaxation of the center eighty percent of the cluster between strains. The simulations produce energetics and stress-strain curves for looped and nonlooped clusters, for a variety of densities and interaction parameters.
First-principle investigation of electronic structure and mechanical properties of AlMgB14
Authors: Wan Liwen F , Beckman Scott P 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe structural and electronic properties of AlMgB14 are investigated using ab initio methods. The impact of vacancies and electron doping on the crystal’s atomic and electronic structure is investigated. It is found that removing metal atoms does not influence the density of states, except for changes to the Fermi energy. The density of states of the off-stoichiometric Al0.75Mg0.75B14 crystal and the AlMgB14 crystal with five electrons removed are nearly identical. The removal of six electrons results in an 11% contraction in the crystal’s volume. This is associate with the removal of electrons from the B atoms’ 2p-states.
Terahertz-induced Kerr-effect in Relaxor Ferroelectrics
Authors: Hoffmann Matthias C , Hwang Harold Y , Brandt Nathaniel C , Yeh Ka-Lo , Nelson Keith A 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate the Kerr-effect induced by the electric field of single-cycle THz pulses in the relaxor ferroelectrics potassium-tantalum niobate KTa1-xNbxO3 (KTN) and K1-yLiyTa1-xNbxO3 (KLTN). We find a slow orientational relaxation with a time constant of 6 ps in KTN with x=1.8% at room temperature, that decreases upon approaching the transition temperature.
Chemical Treatment Influence on the Glass Substrate to the Growth of V2O5/PANI Thin Film
Authors: Guerra Elidia M. , Santos Mirela C. , Bianchi Rodrigo Fernando 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGrowth of the vanadium pentoxide xerogel in the presence of the polyaniline thin film (V2O5/PANI) in different chemical treatment on substrate are presented. The in situ characterization studies revealed the presence of a lamellar structure for the V2O5/PANI hybrid material. The intercalation reaction was evidenced on the basis of the increase in the d-spacing as well as the displacement of the absorption bands toward lower energy levels. The growth of V2O5/PANI thin film, from direct reaction, on glasses substrate using pre-treated with cationic surfactant cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) presented layers with a surface homogeneous. The UV/ozone and RCA treatment showed that the film had low adhesion on substrate compared with CPC and CTAB treatment. Furthermore, these results suggests that the CTAB and CPC treatment can be used, further, for V2O5/PANI LbL films using V2O5 gel as first layer as well as a promising candidate for applications as sensor for ammonia detection in poultry shed.