bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium Bicarbonate versus Sodium Chloride and Oral N‐Acetylcysteine for the Prevention of Contrast‐Induced Nephropathy in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: SHAVIT LINDA , KORENFELD ROMAN , LIFSCHITZ MEYER , BUTNARU ADY , SLOTKI ITZCHAK 
Published: September 2009

Introduction: Contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) is one of the leading causes of hospital‐acquired acute kidney injury. Multiple clinical studies have proposed several preventive strategies.
Aims: To examine the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate compared with sodium chloride and oral N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) for preventive hydration after cardiac catheterization.
Methods: We conducted a prospective, single‐center trial. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage III–IV undergoing cardiac catheterization were allocated to receive either an infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride and oral NAC or 154 mEq/L sodium bicarbonate.
Main: Outcome measure CI‐AKI, defined as an increase of 25% or 0.3 mg/dL or more in plasma creatinine within 2 days of contrast administration.
Results: Ninety‐three patients were allocated to one of the two groups: 42 patients in the saline plus NAC group and 51 patients in the bicarbonate group. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the most important clinical and procedural characteristics. Baseline plasma creatinine levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate, incidence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and contrast medium volume were similar. Mean plasma creatinine concentration was 1.76 ± 0.54 mg/dL in the saline and NAC group and 1.9 ± 1 mg/dL in the bicarbonate group (P = 0.23). The rate of CI‐AKI was 9.8% in the bicarbonate group and 8.4% in the saline plus NAC group. No patient required renal replacement therapy.
Conclusion: Hydration with sodium bicarbonate is not more effective than hydration with sodium chloride and oral NAC for prophylaxis of CI‐AKI in patients with CKD stage III–IV undergoing cardiac catheterization.
An Accelerated Hemostasis Protocol following Transradial Cardiac Catheterization Is Safe and May Shorten Hospital Stay: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: CARRINGTON CHRIS , MANN ROSE , EL‐JACK SEIF 
Published: September 2009

Introduction: Hemostasis following transradial cardiac catheterization is achieved by external pressure application using various devices, TR Band™ being one. There is no standardized protocol for the application and removal of such devices.
Objective: To assess the safety and feasibility of a more rapid (1 hour) initiation of TR Band™ removal ([time to wean] TTW1) compared to a recommended 2 hour protocol (TTW2) in a controlled prospective study.
Methods: 100 consecutive outpatients undergoing diagnostic transradial cardiac catheterization prospectively underwent an accelerated initiation of post‐procedure TR Band™ removal (TTW1 group). The controls were a random historical cohort of 25 patients who had the conventional 2 hours to wean approach (TTW2).
Results: The mean age was 62 years with a mean BMI of 29 kg/m2; 51% were hypertensive and 9% were on warfarin anticoagulation. As defined, the median times to TR Band™ weaning were 60 minutes and 120 minutes for TTW1 and TTW2 groups, respectively, p < 0.001. TTW1 patients had more oozing leading to insignificant delay in the weaning process (16% vs 4% in the TTW2 group, p = NS). The total time, however, from TR Band™ application to removal was significantly shorter in the TTW1 group compared to TTW2 (median of 120 minutes [mean 127] vs 180 minutes [mean 187], p < 0.001). There were no differences in any prespecified complications.
Conclusion: A rapid 1‐hour commencement of TR Band™ weaning following transradial diagnostic cardiac catheterization appears to be safe. It shortens the overall device removal time and may shorten hospital stay in day‐case procedures.
MissingNikê: On Oversights, Doubled Sights, and Universal Art Understood through Lebanon
Authors: Scheid Kirsten 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe role copies of “Western” art play in constructing hybrid local/universal ideologies of modernity has not been studied. This essay demonstrates the centrality of the copied Nikê to the co‐construction of metropolitan France and marginal Mandate‐era Lebanon. It suggests an art‐historical and ethnographic methodology for tracking imagination and the cultivation of taste that is not bounded by nation, culture, or geography. Tracing the circuits traveled by the Nikê reveals that origins and claims of universalism in art are the result of transnational, intercultural, historically specific interactions. The ideology of taste enacted in colonial Lebanon informs Lebanese cultural and political discourses today.
Associations of fluoride intake with children’s bone measures at age 11
Authors: Levy Steven M. , Eichenberger‐Gilmore Julie , Warren John J. , Letuchy Elena , Broffitt Barbara , Marshall Teresa A. , Burns Trudy , Willing Marcia , Janz Kathleen , Torner James C. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract –  Background:  Relationships between fluoride intake and bone health continue to be of interest, as previous studies show conflicting results.Objectives:  The purpose is to report associations of fluoride intake with bone measures at age 11.Methods:  Subjects have been participating in the ongoing Iowa Fluoride Study/Iowa Bone Development Study. Mothers were recruited postpartum during 1992–95 from eight Iowa hospitals, and detailed fluoride questionnaires were sent every 1.5–6 months. From these, combined fluoride intakes from water sources (home, childcare, filtered, bottled), other beverages, selected foods, dietary fluoride supplements and dentifrice were estimated at individual points and cumulatively [with area under the curve (AUC)]. Subjects underwent dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of proximal femur (hip), lumbar spine and whole body (Hologic QDR 4500A). DXA results (bone mineral content – BMC; bone mineral density – BMD) were related to fluoride intake as revealed by bivariate and multivariable analyses.Results:  The mean fluoride intake estimated by AUC was 0.68 mg (SD = 0.27) per day from birth to 11 years. Associations (Spearman) between daily fluoride intake (mg F/day) and DXA bone measures were weak (r = −0.01 to 0.24 for girls and 0.04 to 0.24 for boys). In gender‐stratified, and body size‐ and Tanner stage‐adjusted linear regression analyses, associations between girls’ bone outcomes and fluoride intake for girls were almost all negative; associations for boys were all positive and none was statistically significant when using an α = 0.01 criterion.Conclusions:  Longitudinal fluoride intake at levels of intake typical in the United States is only weakly associated with BMC or BMD in boys and girls at age 11. Additional research is warranted to better understand possible gender‐ and age‐specific effects of fluoride intake on bone development.
Development and evaluation of an oral health literacy instrument for adults
Authors: Sabbahi Dania A. , Lawrence Herenia P. , Limeback Hardy , Rootman Irving 
Published: September 2009

Abstract –  Objectives:  To develop and validate an instrument to measure the functional oral health literacy of adults.Methods:  For the generation of items different dental patient educational materials and text types were selected that had reading levels similar to materials used for the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) which was the model for our Oral Health Literacy Instrument (OHLI). The OHLI contains reading comprehension and numeracy sections. The reading comprehension section is a 38‐item test with words omitted from one passage on dental caries and another on periodontal disease. The numeracy section has 19 items to test comprehension of directions for taking common prescriptions associated with dental treatment, postextraction instructions and dental appointments. We also developed a 17‐item oral health knowledge test. The OHLI, the TOFHLA, the oral health knowledge test and a brief questionnaire were administered to a convenience sample of 100 patients. Internal reliability of OHLI was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. Test–retest reliability was examined by intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). Concurrent validity was tested by comparing OHLI scores across categories of education level and frequency of dental visits. Construct validity was assessed by correlating OHLI scores with TOFHLA scores and with the oral health knowledge scores using Spearman’s rho (ρ) and multiple linear regression.Results:  Participants averaged 39 years (SD = 12.4); 73% were female; 64% had college/university education; 40% visited a dentist every 3–6 months. Total OHLI and TOFHLA weighted mean scores were 87.2 and 91.7, respectively (possible range 0–100). The Cronbach’s alpha values were high (>0.7) for OHLI and its components. The ICC values indicated good agreement between the test and retest results for OHLI and the oral health knowledge test. Patients visiting a dentist every 3–6 months had significantly higher levels of oral health literacy than those visiting only when they felt pain. The association between OHLI and education level was not significant. OHLI scores were significantly correlated with the scores on the TOFHLA (ρ = 0.613) and the test of oral health knowledge (ρ = 0.573). These associations remained significant in multiple regression models.Conclusion:  Initial testing of OHLI suggested that it is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate oral health literacy among adults, although additional work is needed to investigate the instrument’s predictive validity and sensitivity to change using oral health outcomes with population groups known to be at high risk of low functional oral health literacy.
Bortezomib: a new therapeutic option for POEMS syndrome
Authors: Kaygusuz Isik , Tezcan Hakan , Cetiner Mustafa , Kocakaya Ozan , Uzay Ant , Bayik Mahmut 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Objective: POEMS syndrome with its classical five findings (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, M protein, and Skin changes) is a rare multisystem disease. Proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines play important roles in its pathogenesis. Treatment options are still debated. Methods: We present a 65‐year‐old man with POEMS syndrome who was successfully treated with bortezomib. Results: After seven cycles of this protocol, serum M protein level declined to normal range, and near‐to‐complete remission was achieved. His symptoms of polyneuropathy improved dramatically. Conclusion: Bortezomib may be an effective and safe therapeutic option for patients with POEMS syndrome.
Efficient and selective tumor cell lysis and induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells by a conditional replication‐competent CD95L adenovirus
Authors: Fecker Lothar F. , Schmude Magdalena , Jost Stefanie , Hossini Amir M. , Picó Almudena Hurtado , Wang Xiaomin , Schwarz Constanze , Fechner Henry , Eberle Jürgen 
Published: September 2009

Please cite this paper as: Efficient and selective tumor cell lysis and induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells by a conditional replication‐competent CD95L adenovirus. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e56–e66.Abstract:  The high mortality of melanoma demands the development of new strategies, and gene therapy may be considered provided improvements in efficacy and selectivity. Overexpression of the death ligand CD95L/FasL has been shown in previous studies as highly effective for apoptosis induction in melanoma cells. For efficient and selective targeting of melanoma, a conditional replication‐competent adenoviral vector was constructed (Ad5‐FFE‐02), which drives CD95L expression by a tetracycline‐inducible promoter. For restricting its replication to melanoma cells, the adenoviral E1A gene is controlled by a tyrosinase‐derived promoter. Furthermore, adenoviral E1B was deleted and a mutated E1A was used to preferentially support replication in tumor cells. Proving its high selectivity and efficiency, strong expression of E1A and doxycycline‐dependent induction of CD95L were characteristic for tyrosinase‐positive melanoma cells after Ad5‐FFE‐02 transduction, whereas absent in non‐melanoma cell lines. Importantly, Ad5‐FFE‐02‐mediated cell lysis was restricted to melanoma cells, and induction of apoptosis was found only in tyrosinase and CD95 expressing cells. Finally, the combination of adenoviral replication and CD95L‐mediated apoptosis resulted in an enhanced repression of melanoma cell growth. This new adenoviral vector may provide a basis for an efficient targeting of melanoma.
Region of birth, income and breastfeeding in a Swedish county
Authors: Wallby T , Hjern A 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAim:  To study the relationship between maternal region of birth, disposable income and breastfeeding initiation and duration.Methods:  The study population consisted of 12 197 term born, singleton infants, born 1997–2001 in the county of Uppsala. Data on breastfeeding at 1 week, 6 months and 12 months were collected from the register of statistics of the Child Health Care Unit in Uppsala and socioeconomic indicators from Swedish national registers. Multivariate analysis was conducted using Cox regression.Results:  No influence of disposable income or region of birth on breastfeeding initiation was observed. Breastfeeding rates at 6 months were lower for mothers with disposable incomes in quartile 1–3 compared with mothers with the highest incomes in quartile 4 (hazard ratios (HRs) 0.88–0.90, adjusted HRs 0.92). The breastfeeding rates at 12 months were higher for mothers born in all regions compared with mothers born in Sweden (HRs 1.25–2.45, adjusted HRs 1.20–2.14).Conclusions:  The findings in the present study show that disposable income is a strong predictor for breastfeeding at 6 months in the Swedish context. Region of birth of the mother predicted long term breastfeeding, ≥12 months. This calls for professionals in the maternity and child health care to pay extra attention to breastfeeding in low‐income mothers in all ethnic groups.
Effects of long‐term grazing management on sand dune vegetation of high conservation interest
Authors: Plassmann Katharina , Jones M. Laurence M. , Edwards‐Jones Gareth 
Published: September 2009

AbstractQuestion:Can long‐term grazing management maintain and restore species‐rich sand dune plant communities within a sand dune site of high conservation interest?Location:Newborough Warren, North Wales, UK.Methods:Vegetation changes that occurred between 1987 and 2003, subsequent to grazing by domestic livestock being introduced to the site after decades with little or no stock grazing, were analysed using data collected from permanent monitoring quadrats over a 16‐year period.Results:At the plant community level, grazing brought about a shift from a tall‐grass dominated, species‐poor community to a more species‐rich community in the dry dunes, but did not change community type in dune slacks. However, at the species level, grazing enhanced the abundance of some desired perennial, annual and biennial species, graminoids and bryophytes in both habitat types. The increased frequency of positive indicator species for habitat condition suggests that grazing was beneficial for species of conservation interest. Ellenberg nitrogen (N) values decreased after grazing in dry habitats but showed no long‐term change independent of grazing, suggesting no increase in site fertility over the study period. Surprisingly, light (L) values also decreased in the dry dunes after grazing.Conclusions:Long‐term grazing management can play an important role for the conservation of dune communities and associated species. Because of its positive effects on species diversity, plant communities and habitat condition in sand dunes, livestock grazing is recommended for conservation management.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF DNA FROM LOW‐BIOMASS SAMPLES BASED ON TOTAL YIELD AND CONSERVED MICROBIAL DIVERSITY
Authors: LA DUC MYRON T. , OSMAN SHARIFF , VENKATESWARAN KASTHURI 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT Despite advances in the specificity and sensitivity of molecular biological technologies, the efficient recovery of DNA from low‐biomass samples remains extremely challenging. Optimal methods to purify biomolecules from such environments should (1) achieve the greatest total yield and (2) reflect the true microbial diversity of the sample. These attributes were assessed from five DNA purification regimes: a standard‐manual procedure, MoBio Ultraclean and Promega Wizard kits, and an automated Axcyte AutoLyser method with and without bead‐beating agitation. A homogenous mixture of known concentrations of nine distinct bacterial lineages isolated from low‐biomass environments was prepared and suitable aliquots of subsamples were processed in parallel. DNA products from each of these methods were then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA clone‐library analysis. The Axcyte AutoLyser outperformed all other purification regimes examined. This automated method consistently both yielded the highest concentration of PCR‐amplifiable DNA, and reported species composition most consistent with the starting solution. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis communication carefully examines the effectiveness of common DNA purification regimes as well as an automated method. Comparative analyses convincingly demonstrate that the different methods not only result in different recovery of genomic DNA, but more importantly, different estimations of microbial diversity in the sample. This report will hopefully inspire investigators from various industries (pharmaceutical, ecological, medical, semiconductor, etc.) who find themselves in the initial phases of large‐scale studies to devote a significant effort into optimizing sample extraction protocols to achieve the most accurate information.
MULTIPLEX DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS BY USING QUANTUM DOT‐LABELED ANTIBODIES
Authors: DUDAK FAHRIYE CEYDA , BOYACI İSMAİL HAKKI 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT In this study, we demonstrated the simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis, by coupling immunomagnetic separation (IMS) with quantum dots (QDs) labeling. QDs having different emission wavelengths were conjugated with anti‐E. coli and anti‐Salmonella antibodies. QD–antibody conjugates were used to label immunomagnetically separated bacteria and the fluorescence intensities were measured for enumerations of both species. The concentrations of primary antibodies used in IMS, the ratio of QDs to antibodies during the conjugation and the concentration of QD–antibody conjugates used in labeling were optimized to enhance the sensitivity of the assay. After labeling bacteria with QDs, the quenching observed between bead–bacteria complex and QDs was eliminated by separating QDs from the complex using sodium dodecyl sulfate solution. The fluorescence intensities due to the capturing of different concentrations of bacteria were measured and the working ranges were found to be 5 × 102 to 5 × 105 cfu/mL for E. coli and 4 × 102 to 4 × 105 cfu/mL for S. enteritidis.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn this study, antibody‐conjugated multicolor quantum dots (QDs) were used for simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. The results of this study indicate that QD labels can be used in multiplex, rapid and selective detection of bacteria with detection limits comparable with those of many novel methods in cases where the assay conditions are optimized. Furthermore, the assay can be modified for the simultaneous detection of more than two species through using QD labels having different emission wavelengths.
A NEW FLUOROGENIC ASSAY FOR MONITORING AND DETERMINING PLANKTONIC AND BIOFILM FORMS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA VIABLE COUNT IN VITRO
Authors: ELKHATIB WALID F. , NOREDDIN AYMAN M. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT A new method was developed to rapidly monitor the Pseudomonas aeruginosa viable counts using alamar blue (AB). The 96‐well microtiter plates were used to perform the assay. This procedure is based on fluorogenic measurement as a result of reduction of nonfluorescent AB to red fluorescent form by the viable cells of P. aeruginosa. The correlation between conventional plate count and fluorogenic AB method was highly satisfactory for quantification of planktonic (R2 = 0.9487) and biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa (R2 = 0.9296).PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe new fluorogenic method can rapidly monitor Pseudomonas aeruginosa counts in vitro with a high correlation with the conventional plating method. The results indicate that fluorogenic method requires much shorter time (2 h) than the conventional plate count (24 h), is a more cost‐effective way, quite amenable to high throughput, and continuous monitoring of P. aeruginosa viability is achievable in the kinetic in vitro models without interference with the cell viability.
A NOVEL METHOD FOR ASSESSMENT OF 16S RRNA GENE COPY NUMBER IN BACTERIAL GENOMES BY PULSED‐FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AND PCR AMPLIFICATION
Authors: ZENG YONGHUI , JIAO NIANZHI 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT 16S rRNA gene (rrn) copy number in bacterial genomes is indicative of ecological strategies of bacteria and is critical for quantification of bacterial abundance in mixed populations using rrn‐based approaches. For accurate assessment of rrn copies, a novel technical strategy by means of pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction amplification analysis was introduced. Experimental and in silico analysis on a test bacterial culture Caulobacter crescentus proved it to be simple, effective, accurate and a good alternative to traditional time‐consuming methods.PRATICAL APPLICATIONSThis method can be used for routine determination of gene copy number in most bacteria whose full genome sequences are not available. Moreover, the pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis bands containing a target gene fragment can be determined and therefore constructing an expected fragments oriented genomic library is possible.
APPLICATION OF A COLONY PCR TECHNIQUE WITH FUNG'S DOUBLE TUBE METHOD FOR RAPID DETECTION AND CONFIRMATION OFCLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
Authors: RUENGWILYSUP CHAOWAREE , DETVISITSAKUN CHANITCHOTE , AUMYAT NAIYANA , FUNG D.Y.C. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTA colony polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was applied with an established Fung's double tube (FDT) method for rapid detection and confirmation ofClostridium perfringens.Published sequences of PCR primers forC. perfringensalpha toxin gene were used and PCR conditions were optimized. From the detection ofC. perfringensby FDT tube to the confirmation by a colony PCR assay took as short as 16–18 h. The method was applied to 147 isolates of anaerobic sulfite reducing bacteria isolated from foods, sewages and animal clinical specimens. The results were compared with standard methods for the confirmation ofC. perfringens.Of those 147 suspected isolates, 97 and 99 were confirmed asC. perfringensby standard methods and the colony PCR technique, respectively. We found the developed method simple, rapid, cost‐effective, and most importantly, very reliable for the detection and confirmation ofC. perfringens.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSWith Fung's double tube method and a colony polymerase chain reaction technique, a completed determination ofClostridium perfringenscontamination can be accomplished within 16–18 h. This saves at least 2–3 days when compared with standard methods. Moreover, it minimizes the cost and labor needed since an anaerobic chamber as well as steps of Gram staining and biochemical testing can be avoided. The developed method is a powerful tool and an alternative for the enumeration ofC. perfringens. It can be applied to samples from various sources and highly reliable results are expected. Most microbiological laboratories have a thermocycler and reagents as parts of their basic instruments. Therefore, the developed method can be easily applied without massive investment.