bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interpretation and application of regional geochemistry: lessons from the Paratectonic Caledonides
Authors: Stone P. , Breward N. , Merriman R. J. , Barnes R. P. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Southern Uplands (southern Scotland) and Lake District (northern England) terranes contain thick and extensive sequences of macroscopically homogeneous, Lower Palaeozoic wacke-type sandstone. There is a close spatial relationship between the outcrop of biostratigraphically defined rock units and distinctive patterns of element distribution in stream sediments derived from those units, with the stream sediment patterns indicating cryptic compositional variations that are not otherwise apparent. Analysis of the stream sediment composition relative to whole-rock values shows that it is not a direct surrogate for the underlying bedrock. Instead, elevation and depletion trends for any given element are controlled by the nature of its mineral host(s) and provide a previously unappreciated means of assessing the detrital mineralogy, and hence provenance of the bedrock sandstones. Stream sediment composition also provides a valuable alternative means of evaluating possible correlation between different stratigraphical sandstone units. Further, since the fine-grained matrix to the wacke sandstones makes a major contribution to the stream sediment, an assessment of the latter allows variations in matrix composition to be taken into account. Examples are given from the Silurian turbidite sequences of the central and southern Southern Uplands (Gala, Hawick and Riccarton groups; the affinity of the Ross Formation with the Hawick Group is demonstrated) and the southern Lake District (Windermere Supergroup).
Lough Neagh: the site of a Cenozoic pull-apart basin
Authors: Quinn Martyn F. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Lough Neagh Basin in Northern Ireland is the site of a Cenozoic depocentre defined by gravity measurements and a thick succession of Paleocene basaltic lavas and Upper Oligocene clays. Much of the Cenozoic outcrop is concealed by Lough Neagh, but the rhombic outline of the lough provides some indication of the underlying structural control of the depocentre. Several authors have inferred that a Cenozoic pull-apart basin lies within the Lough Neagh area and suggest it is one of a number of transtensional basins, including the Bovey and Petrockstow basins in SW England, associated with NW to NNW-trending strike-slip fault zones. Solid geology maps and gravity data show that the structure of the Lough Neagh Basin is dominated by a segmented, orthogonal pattern of offset NNW and NE-trending faults. It is proposed that pull-apart basin formation took place in the Mid-Paleocene by dextral movement on these offset faults. The potential link between strike-slip tectonics and Cenozoic volcanism in the north of Ireland is briefly considered.
Exceptional preservation of sedimentary structures in metamorphic rocks: an example from the upper Grampian Group, Creag Stalcair, Perthshire
Authors: Banks Christopher J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Despite polyphase deformation and metamorphism, metasedimentary successions can provide records of ancient depositional systems and sedimentary basins. In low strain sections, primary sedimentary fabrics may be preserved, permitting sedimentological and facies studies. At Creag Stalcair, an inverted succession of low-amphibolite-facies psammites belonging to the Grampian Group (Gaick Psammite Formation) display numerous sedimentary structures reflecting deposition in a sandy, tidally influenced environment. These exposures provide a unique insight into the palaeo-environments of the Gaick Psammite that is generally devoid of primary sedimentary fabrics elsewhere.
Silica-undersaturated trachytic rocks of central Scotland
Authors: Upton B. G. J. , Stephenson D. , Ellam R. M. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The paper presents a review of silica-undersaturated salic intrusions (nepheline-normative trachytes and phonolites) from the Carboniferous–Permian magmatic province in central Scotland. New whole-rock major and trace element analyses, together with Sr and Nd isotopic data, are presented for six intrusions (Bass Rock, North Berwick Law, Traprain Law, Hairy Craig, Fintry and Loudoun Hill) and two syenite autoliths within the Loudoun Hill intrusion.

On the basis of the conventional total alkalis versus silica diagram, all six intrusions are trachytes except for Traprain Law, which is a phonolite. Traprain Law is the most highly evolved and the most undersaturated in silica. The Loudoun autoliths are the most basic (Mg numbers of 21.8–27.3) and are inferred to be fragments of cumulates entrained at shallow crustal depths. Whilst all eight samples have approximately constant initial ɛNd (+4.3–+1.99), initial
87
Sr/
86
Sr data are more variable (0.725929–0.709817). Although four of the samples have isotopic characteristics on, or close to, the Sr–Nd mantle array, those from Fintry, Bass Rock, Loudoun Hill and North Berwick Law lie at higher
87
Sr/
86
Sr
i
values, probably as a result of secondary alteration. From their petrographic and geochemical affinity, the six intrusions are considered to have had similar petrogenesis as late-stage residues from mildly silica-deficient basalt magmas, produced in deep crustal chambers and subsequently intruded with minimal crustal interaction.
A comparison between dinosaur footprints from the Middle Jurassic of the Isle of Skye, Scotland, UK, and Shell, Wyoming, USA
Authors: Clark N. D. L. , Brett-Surman M. K. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Measurements of Middle Jurassic tridactyl dinosaur tracks from the Bathonian, Lealt Shale, Valtos Sandstone, Duntulm and Kilmaluag formations of the Isle of Skye, UK, are compared to the same measurements taken for dinosaur footprints from the Bajocian, Gypsum Spring and the Bathonian, Sundance Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA. Principal component analysis of the data suggests that the smaller footprints from the Valtos Sandstone and Kilmaluag formations are indistinguishable from the footprints of the Sundance Formation. The single footprint from the Lealt Shale Formation is similar to the larger footprints from the Valtos Sandstone Formation. The footprints from the Duntulm and Gypsum Springs formations form distinct groupings from all other footprints. Four different groupings of dinosaur footprints can be recognized from the principal component analysis that may represent at least four different types of dinosaur.
Human CD34+ cells engineered to express membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand target both tumor cells and tumor vasculature
Authors: Lavazza Cristiana , Carlo-Stella Carmelo , Giacomini Arianna , Cleris Loredana , Righi Marco , Sia Daniela , Di Nicola Massimo , Magni Michele , Longoni Paolo , Milanesi Marco , Francolini Maura , Gloghini Annunziata , Carbone Antonino , Formelli Franca , Gianni Alessandro M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAdenovirus-transduced CD34+ cells expressing membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (CD34-TRAIL+ cells) exert potent antitumor activity. To further investigate the mechanism(s) of action of CD34-TRAIL+ cells, we analyzed their homing properties as well as antitumor and antivascular effects using a subcutaneous myeloma model in immunodeficient mice. After intravenous injection, transduced cells homed in the tumor peaking at 48 hours when 188 plus or minus 25 CD45+ cells per 105 tumor cells were detected. Inhibition experiments showed that tumor homing of CD34-TRAIL+ cells was largely mediated by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and stromal cell–derived factor-1. Both CD34-TRAIL+ cells and soluble (s)TRAIL significantly reduced tumor volume by 40% and 29%, respectively. Computer-aided analysis of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling–stained tumor sections demonstrated significantly greater effectiveness for CD34-TRAIL+ cells in increasing tumor cell apoptosis and necrosis over sTRAIL. Proteome array analysis indicated that CD34-TRAIL+ cells and sTRAIL activate similar apoptotic machinery. In vivo staining of tumor vasculature with sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotinamido) hexanoate-biotin revealed that CD34-TRAIL+ cells but not sTRAIL significantly damaged tumor vasculature, as shown by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling+ endothelial cells, appearance of hemorrhagic areas, and marked reduction of endothelial area. These results demonstrate that tumor homing of CD34-TRAIL+ cells induces early vascular disruption, resulting in hemorrhagic necrosis and tumor destruction.
School air quality related to dry cough, rhinitis and nasal patency in children
Authors: Simoni M. , Annesi-Maesano I. , Sigsgaard T. , Norback D. , Wieslander G. , Nystad W. , Canciani M. , Sestini P. , Viegi G. 
Published: January 2010

Controls for indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools are not usually performed throughout Europe. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of IAQ on respiratory health of schoolchildren living in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, France and Italy.In the cross-sectional European Union-funded HESE (Health Effects of School Environment) Study, particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm (PM10) and CO2levels in a day of normal activity (full classroom) were related to wheezing, dry cough at night and rhinitis in 654 children (10 yrs) and to acoustic rhinometry in 193 children.Schoolchildren exposed to PM10>50 μg·m−3and CO2>1,000 ppm (standards for good IAQ) were 78% and 66%, respectively. All disorders were more prevalent in children from poorly ventilated classrooms. Schoolchildren exposed to CO2levels >1,000 ppm showed a significantly higher risk for dry cough (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.65–5.44) and rhinitis (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.14–3.73). By two-level (child, classroom) hierarchical analyses, CO2was significantly associated with dry cough (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.13 per 100 ppm increment) and rhinitis (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.11). Nasal patency was significantly lower in schoolchildren exposed to PM10>50 μg·m−3than in those exposed to lower levels.A poor IAQ is frequent in European classrooms; it is related to respiratory disturbances and affects nasal patency.
Impact of changes in physical activity on health-related quality of life among patients with COPD
Authors: Esteban C. , Quintana J.M. , Aburto M. , Moraza J. , Egurrola M. , Pérez-Izquierdo J. , Aizpiri S. , Aguirre U. , Capelastegui A. 
Published: January 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes in regular physical activity (PA) affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).611 patients (mean age 67.2±8.4 yrs; forced expiratory volume in 1 s 49.7±14.6) completed the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) and the Medical Outcomes Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire. PA, defined as patients' self-reported regular walking times, was classified as low, moderate and high. After 5 yrs, 391 survivors completed these instruments again.After adjustment for relevant confounders, patients who reported low PA at baseline and who increased their PA over the study period improved their SGRQ and CRQ scores by 15.9 and 8.7 points, respectively. Patients who moved from moderate to high PA improved their SGRQ scores by 18.4 and their CRQ scores by 14.8. Slightly smaller increases were observed for patients who maintained a high level of PA throughout the study period. Maintaining a low level of PA or decreasing PA over the study period was associated with a significant HRQoL decline.Among COPD patients, a reduction in time spent engaging in PA or maintaining a low level may impair HRQoL, whereas an increase in PA can improve HRQoL parameters.
Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with impaired pictorial memory task acquisition and retention in children
Authors: Kheirandish-Gozal L. , De Jong M.R. , Spruyt K. , Chamuleau S.A.J. , Gozal D. 
Published: January 2010

The aim of our study was to evaluate whether obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with impaired acquisition and recall of a pictorial-based memory tasks in children.54 children with OSA and 17 controls matched for age, sex and ethnicity underwent a sleep study (overnight polysomnogram). Before the sleep study subjects completed a 15-min pictorial memory task acquisition consisting of four trials, followed by a free-recall period to assess retention after 10 min and the following morning upon awakening.Children with OSA had a higher obstructive apnoea/hypopnoea index (6.3±1.5 events·h−1TST) than controls (0.6±0.1 events·h−1TST) (p<0.0001). Mean learning scores in controls over the four consecutive trials were incrementally better than in children with OSA for the four-trial set (p<0.0001). Both immediate (p<0.0001) and overnight recall performances were worse among OSA children (p<0.0001), who also exhibited declines in recall performance that was absent in controls (p<0.001).Differences in pictorial task acquisition trajectories suggest that children with OSA require more time and an increased number of learning opportunities to reach immediate and long-term recall performances that are reduced compared with controls. Thus, both acquisition and retention of newly learned material are compromised. These findings confirm and expand on the presence of known cognitive deficits in children with OSA.
The relationship of dietary patterns with adult lung function and COPD
Authors: Shaheen S.O. , Jameson K.A. , Syddall H.E. , Aihie Sayer A. , Dennison E.M. , Cooper C. , Robinson S.M. ,   The Hertfordshire Cohort Study Group
Published: January 2010

Previous studies of diet and lung function have focused on associations with individual nutrients and foods, and not dietary patterns.The relationships between dietary patterns and lung function and spirometrically defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were investigated in 1,551 males and 1,391 females in Hertfordshire, UK. Dietary information was obtained by food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis.Using regression analysis, after controlling for confounders, a “prudent” pattern (high consumption of fruit, vegetables, oily fish and wholemeal cereals) was positively associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (trend p-value <0.001 in males, 0.008 in females) (difference in FEV1between top and bottom quintiles of pattern score, 0.18 L (95% CI 0.08–0.28 L) in males, 0.08 L (95% CI 0.00–0.16 L) in females). This pattern was also positively associated with forced vital capacity (FVC) in both sexes. Males with a higher “prudent” pattern score had a higher FEV1/FVC (trend p-value 0.002) and a lower prevalence of COPD (odds ratio comparing topversusbottom quintile 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.81; trend p-value 0.012). Associations in males were stronger in smokers than nonsmokers (interaction p-value for FEV1/FVC 0.002).A “prudent” dietary pattern may protect against impaired lung function and COPD, especially in male smokers.
Infant swimming in chlorinated pools and the risks of bronchiolitis, asthma and allergy
Authors: Voisin C , Sardella A , Marcucci F , Bernard A 
Published: January 2010

Recent studies suggest that swimming in chlorinated pools during infancy may increase the risks of lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of swimming in chlorinated pools on the risks of bronchiolitis and its late consequences.A total of 430 children (47% female; mean age 5.7 yrs) in 30 kindergartens were examined. Parents completed a questionnaire regarding the child’s health history, swimming practice and potential confounders.Attendance at indoor or outdoor chlorinated pools ever before the age of 2 yrs was associated with an increased risk of bronchiolitis (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.08–2.68; p = 0.03), which was exposure-dependent for both types of pool (p-value for trend <0.01). Associations persisted, and were even strengthened, by the exclusion of other risk factors. Among children with no parental antecedents of atopic disease or no day-care attendance, odds ratios for bronchiolitis amounted to 4.45 (1.82–10.9; p = 0.001) and 4.44 (1.88–10.5; p = 0.007) after >20 h spent in chlorinated pools during infancy. Infant swimmers who developed bronchiolitis also showed higher risks of asthma and respiratory allergies later in childhood.Swimming pool attendance during infancy is associated with a higher risk of bronchiolitis, with ensuing increased risks of asthma and allergic sensitisation.
A European survey of noninvasive ventilation practices
Authors: Crimi C. , Noto A. , Princi P. , Esquinas A. , Nava S. 
Published: January 2010

Although noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is becoming very popular, little is known about its pattern of clinical and technical utilisation in different environments.We conducted a web-based survey in Europe to identify the perceived pattern of NIV utilisation and the reason for choosing a specific ventilator and interface type in four common clinical scenarios: acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF), cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (CPE),de novohypoxic respiratory failure and weaning/post-extubation failure (W/PE).A response was obtained from 272 (51.3%) out of 530 selected European physicians involved in NIV practice. The NIV utilisation rate was higher for pulmonologists than intensivists/anesthesiologists (p<0.05). The most common indication for all the physicians was AHRF (48%). Physicians were more likely to use NIV dedicated ventilator in AHRF and CPE and an intensive care unit (ICU) ventilator with NIV module inde novohypoxic respiratory failure and W/PE, mainly because of the possibility of using the double circuit and inspiratory oxygen fraction control. Overall, the oro-nasal mask was the most frequently used interface, irrespective of clinical scenarios.The use of NIV in Europe is generally relatively high, especially among pulmonologists and in AHRF. Dedicated NIV ventilators and ICU ventilators with NIV modules are preferably in AHRF and inde novohypoxic respiratory failure, respectively, together with oro-nasal masks.
Nerve growth factor enhances Clara cell proliferation after lung injury
Authors: Sonar S.S. , Schwinge D. , Kilic A. , Yildirim A.Ö. , Conrad M.L. , Seidler K. , Müller B. , Renz H. , Nockher W.A. 
Published: January 2010

The lung epithelia facilitate wound closure by secretion of various cytokines and growth factors. Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been well described in airway inflammation; however, its likely role in lung repair has not been examined thus far.To investigate the repair function of NGF, experiments were performedin vitrousing cultured alveolar epithelial cells andin vivousing a naphthalene-induced model of Clara epithelial cell injury.Bothin vitroandin vivoexperiments revealed airway epithelial cell proliferation following injury to be dependent on NGF and the expression of its receptor, tropomyosin-receptor-kinase A. Additionally, NGF also augmentedin vitromigration of alveolar type II cells.In vivo, transgenic mice over-expressing NGF in Clara cells (NGFtg) did not reveal any proliferation or alteration in Clara cell phenotype. However, following Clara cell specific injury, proliferation was increased in NGFtg and impaired upon inhibition of NGF. Furthermore, NGF also promoted the expression of collagen I and fibronectinin vitroandin vivoduring repair, where significantly higher levels were measured in re-epithelialising NGFtg mice.Our study demonstrates that NGF promotes the proliferation of lung epitheliumin vitroand the renewal of Clara cells following lung injuryin vivo.
A population-based evaluation of the seventh edition of the TNM system for lung cancer
Authors: Strand T-E. , Rostad H. , Wentzel-Larsen T. , Von Plessen C. 
Published: January 2010

Our study describes the new seventh edition of the TNM system for lung cancer in a national population and its clinical implications.We classified 1,885 operated patients with lung cancer, reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway (Oslo, Norway) from 2001 to 2005, according to the sixth and the seventh edition of the TNM system. We compared survival differences adjusting for known prognostic factors. Furthermore, we evaluated the overall predictive ability of both editions using Harrell's concordance index.Survival curves by stage for each of the editions were similar; however, a better description of stage IIIB was observed in the seventh edition. Survival rates of T1b and T2a tumours were similar (log rank p = 0.94). The concordance index was 0.68 for both editions, indicating no overall difference in their predictive accuracy. In the seventh edition, 211 (29%) stage IB patients migrated to stage II and 161 (48%) patients migrated from stage IIB to IIA. Stage migrations could change the treatment for up to 326 (17.3%) of the study patients.The seventh edition did not improve the overall predictive ability of the TNM system; however, the new classification implies changes in treatment for nearly one-fifth of the cases. The implications of the seventh TNM edition for the outcomes of patients should be studied further.
Body mass index as predictor for asthma: a cohort study of 118,723 males and females
Authors: Hjellvik V. , Tverdal A. , Furu K. 
Published: January 2010

The objective of the present study was to quantify the relationship between body mass index (BMI; in kilogrammes per metre squared) and asthma in middle-aged males and females, and to evaluate change in BMI as a risk factor for asthma.Asthma incidence was estimated from data on redeemed prescriptions of anti-asthmatic drugs during the period 2004–2007, retrieved from the nationwide Norwegian Prescription Database. BMI was measured during health surveys in 1994–1999 in >100,000 individuals born during 1952–1959. Change in BMI was based on self-report. Relative risks were estimated using Poisson regression.The relative risk associated with a 3-unit increase in BMI ranged from 1.14 (95% confidence interval 1.10–1.18) in current smokers to 1.27 (1.22–1.32) in never-smokers after adjusting for confounders. The relative risk associated with a 3-unit increase in BMI was 1.21 (1.16–1.26) after adjusting for confounders, including sex, smoking and BMI.Asthma incidence, as measured by anti-asthmatic drug use, was positively related to both BMI and change in BMI. For BMI, the association was stronger for never-smokers than for ex-smokers and current smokers.