bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased human tumor necrosis factor‐α levels induce procoagulant change in porcine endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Lee Kyoung Geun , Lee Haneulnari , Ha Jeong Mi , Lee Young Kyung , Kang Hee Jung , Park Chung‐Gyu , Kim Sang Joon 
Published: June 2012

Lee KG, Lee H, Ha JM, Lee YK, Kang HJ, Park C‐G, Kim SJ. Increased human tumor necrosis factor‐α levels induce procoagulant change in porcine endothelial cells in vitro. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 186–195. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Intravascular thrombosis and systemic coagulation abnormalities are major hurdles to successful xenotransplantation and are signs of acute humoral rejection. Increased expression of tissue factor (TF) is associated with the development of microvascular thrombosis in xenografts. To develop an effective strategy to prevent accelerated coagulation in xenografts, we investigated the mechanism by which porcine endothelial cells (PECs) become procoagulant after contact with human blood.Methods:  The changes in TF mRNA levels and activity in PECs after incubation with 20% human serum or human bioactive molecules, including C5a, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)‐1α, were evaluated using real‐time PCR and the factor Xa chromogenic assay, respectively. The procoagulant changes in PECs by these agonists were evaluated by measuring the coagulation time of human citrated plasma suspended with PECs pretreated with each agonist. TF expression and coagulation times were also assessed in PECs transfected with short interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to knock down porcine TF. We also examined the production of proinflammatory cytokines in human whole‐blood or plasma after contact with PECs, which were screened using the cytometric bead array system. TNFα levels were measured using ELISA in whole‐blood after contact with PECs, with or without the addition of xenoreactive antibodies or C1 esterase inhibitor.Results:  Porcine TF mRNA and activity in PECs were up‐regulated in response to human TNFα and IL‐1α but were not affected by C5a or 20% human serum. Up‐regulation of TF expression by human TNFα or IL‐1α shortened PEC‐induced coagulation time, while siRNA‐mediated knockdown of TF expression prolonged coagulation time. The incubation of PECs with human whole‐blood led to a significant increase in human TNFα levels in the blood, which was promoted by the addition of xenoreactive antibodies and prevented by C1 esterase inhibitor.Conclusions:  Human TNFα level increases in human blood after contact with PECs, which is attributed to xenoreactive antibody binding and subsequent complement activation. Human TNFα induces procoagulant changes in PECs with increased TF expression. This study suggests that human TNFα may be one of the mediators linking complement activation with procoagulant changes in the xenoendothelium.
Complete absence of the αGal xenoantigen and isoglobotrihexosylceramide in α1,3galactosyltransferase knock‐out pigs
Authors: Puga Yung Gisella L. , Li Yunsen , Borsig Lubor , Millard Anne‐Laure , Karpova Maria B. , Zhou Dapeng , Seebach Jörg D. 
Published: June 2012

Puga Yung GL, Li Y, Borsig L, Millard A‐L, Karpova MB, Zhou D, Seebach JD. Complete absence of the αGal xenoantigen and isoglobotrihexosylceramide in α1,3galactosyltransferase knock‐out pigs. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 196–206. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Anti‐Galα1,3Galβ‐R natural antibodies are responsible for hyperacute rejection in pig‐to‐primate xenotransplantation. Although the generation of pigs lacking the α1,3galactosyltransferase (GalT) has overcome hyperacute rejection, antibody‐mediated rejection is still a problem. It is possible that other enzymes synthesize antigens similar to Galα1,3Gal epitopes that are recognized by xenoreactive antibodies. The glycosphingolipid isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3) represents such a candidate expressing an alternative Galα1,3Gal epitope. The present work determined whether the terminal Galα1,3Gal disaccharide is completely absent in Immerge pigs lacking the GalT using several different highly sensitive methods.Methods:  The expression of Galα1,3Gal was evaluated using a panel of antibodies and lectins by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy; GalT activity was detected by an enzymatic assay; and ion trap mass spectroscopy of neutral cellular membranes extracted from aortic endothelial was used for the detection of sugar structures. Finally, the presence of iGb3 synthase mRNA was tested by RT‐PCR in pig thymus, spleen, lymph node, kidney, lung, and liver tissue samples.Results:  Aortic endothelial cells derived from GalT knockout pigs expressed neither Galα1,3Gal nor iGb3 on their surface, and GalT enzymatic activity was also absent. Lectin staining showed an increase in the blood group H‐type sugar structures present in GalT knockout cells as compared to wild‐type pig aortic endothelial cells (PAEC). Mass spectroscopic analysis did not reveal Galα1,3Gal in membranes of GalT knockout PAEC; iGb3 was also totally absent, whereas a fucosylated form of iGb3 was detected at low levels in both pig aortic endothelial cell extracts. Isoglobotrihexosylceramide 3 synthase mRNA was expressed in all pig tissues tested whether derived from wild‐type or GalT knockout animals.Conclusions:  These results confirm unequivocally the absence of terminal Galα1,3Gal disaccharides in GalT knockout endothelial cells. Future work will have to focus on other mechanisms responsible for xenograft rejection, in particular non‐Galα1,3Gal antibodies and cellular responses.
Nutrient digestibility and evaluation of protein and carbohydrate fractionation of citrus by‐products
Authors: Lashkari S. , Taghizadeh A. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe protein and carbohydrate fractionation and nutrient digestibility of citrus by‐products were determined. Ruminal, intestinal and total tract CP disappearance values were measured by a modified three‐step (MTSP) method and in vitro CP disappearance method (IVCP). Test feeds were orange pulp (OP), lime pulp (LP), lemon pulp (LEP), grapefruit pulp (GP), sweet lemon pulp (SLP), bitter lemon pulp (BLP), bergamot orange pulp (BP) and tangerine pulp (TP). The rumen undegradable protein (RUP) fractions of the feedstuffs were obtained by ruminal incubation in three cannulated wethers and incubation in protease solution (protease type xiv, Streptomyces griseus). The data were analysed using completely randomized design. There were significant differences between the tested feeds in protein fractions and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN; C fraction) was highest in GP (14.56%) (p < 0.001). For carbohydrate fraction, the highest C fraction was also observed in GP (2.67%) and in relation to the other citrus pulps (p < 0.001). Ruminal CP disappearance was highest in OP (71.89%) (p < 0.001). The level of post‐ruminal CP disappearance, measured by MTSP, was highest for BP (34.94%) (p < 0.001). The highest in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was found for TP (80.44%) followed by that estimated for BP (78.38%) (p < 0.001). The estimated metabolizable energy (MJ/kg DM) varied from 9.77 for LP to 12.91 for BP. Tangerine pulp had the highest true rumen digestibility (TRD) (p < 0.001). According to the results, it could be concluded that citrus by‐products have high nutritive value and also, the in vitro techniques can be easily used to determine of the nutritive value of citrus by‐products.
SREB2/GPR85, a schizophrenia risk factor, negatively regulates hippocampal adult neurogenesis and neurogenesis‐dependent learning and memory
Authors: Chen Qian , Kogan Jeffrey H. , Gross Adam K. , Zhou Yuan , Walton Noah M. , Shin Rick , Heusner Carrie L. , Miyake Shinichi , Tajinda Katsunori , Tamura Kouichi , Matsumoto Mitsuyuki 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSREB2/GPR85, a member of the super‐conserved receptor expressed in brain (SREB) family, is the most conserved G‐protein‐coupled receptor in vertebrate evolution. Previous human and mouse genetic studies have indicated a possible link between SREB2 and schizophrenia. SREB2 is robustly expressed in the hippocampal formation, especially in the dentate gyrus, a structure with an established involvement in psychiatric disorders and cognition. However, the function of SREB2 in the hippocampus remains elusive. Here we show that SREB2 regulates hippocampal adult neurogenesis, which impacts on cognitive function. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and immunohistochemistry were conducted in SREB2 transgenic (Tg, over‐expression) and knockout (KO, null‐mutant) mice to quantitatively assay adult neurogenesis and newborn neuron dendritic morphology. Cognitive responses associated with adult neurogenesis alteration were evaluated in SREB2 mutant mice. In SREB2 Tg mice, both new cell proliferation and new neuron survival were decreased in the dentate gyrus, whereas an enhancement of new neuron survival occurred in SREB2 KO mouse dentate gyrus. Doublecortin staining revealed dendritic morphology deficits of newly generated neurons in SREB2 Tg mice. In a spatial pattern separation task, SREB2 Tg mice displayed a decreased ability to discriminate spatial relationships, whereas SREB2 KO mice had enhanced abilities in this task. Additionally, SREB2 Tg and KO mice had reciprocal phenotypes in a Y‐maze working memory task. Our results indicate that SREB2 is a negative regulator of adult neurogenesis and consequential cognitive functions. Inhibition of SREB2 function may be a novel approach to enhance hippocampal adult neurogenesis and cognitive abilities to ameliorate core symptoms of psychiatric patients.
A randomized, ‘head‐to‐head’ pilot study comparing the effects of etanercept monotherapy vs. etanercept and narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy in obese psoriasis patients
Authors: Park K.K. , Wu J.J. , Koo J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground  Etanercept is a tumour necrosis factor‐alpha antagonist used for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. Current opinion suggests that etanercept may have reduced efficacy in obese patients. Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy is unaffected by body weight and the addition of NB‐UVB to etanercept therapy may supplement the efficacy of etanercept in these patients.Objective  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NB‐UVB phototherapy when administered in conjunction with 50 mg of etanercept once weekly in the treatment of obese patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis.Methods  Thirty psoriasis patients with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 were enrolled into this randomized, ‘head‐to‐head’ comparison study. All subjects received 50 mg of etanercept twice weekly for 12 weeks and then randomized to receive either etanercept monotherapy or combination etanercept and NB‐UVB three times weekly for an additional 12 weeks. Treatment response was evaluated using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area (BSA) and Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) scores.Results  Twenty‐five subjects completed the study. At 12 weeks, 48% of all patients achieved PASI 75. By Week 24, 62.5% of all patients achieved PASI 75. Patients in the etanercept monotherapy and combination etanercept and NB‐UVB phototherapy arms had similar rates of achieving PASI 75 (46.7% vs. 53.3% of each group, respectively).Conclusion  Combination etanercept and NB‐UVB has similar efficacy to etanercept monotherapy in obese patients. This result indicates that even in the setting of obesity, the majority of patients respond well to etanercept, with or without NB‐UVB.
Clinical, hematologic, and electrolyte changes with 0.9% sodium chloride or acetated fluids in endurance horses
Authors: Fielding C. Langdon , Gary Magdesian K. , Meier Chloe A. , Rhodes Diane M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical and laboratory changes associated with the use ofIV0.9% sodium chloride and a commercially available acetated fluid (CAF) to treat endurance horses requiring emergency medical treatment.DesignRandomized, controlled clinical trial from 2007 to 2010.SettingEmergency treatment centers of the Western States 100‐mile (220 km) endurance ride.AnimalsTwelve horses requiring emergency medical treatment in the form ofIVfluids completed the study.InterventionsHorses were assigned to either the 0.9% sodium chloride group (6 horses) or CAF group (6 horses) and received a total of 20 L of fluid. Clinical, hematologic, and electrolyte data were collected prior to and during fluid therapy.Measurements and Main ResultsAs compared to results prior to fluid therapy, horses treated with 0.9% sodium chloride had a decrease in heart rate (P < 0.01), PCV (P < 0.001), total plasma protein (TPP) (P < 0.001), and the sodium‐chloride difference (P < 0.05). These horses also had an increase in plasma chloride (P < 0.01) and sodium (P < 0.01) concentrations. Horses treated with CAF showed a decrease in PCV (P < 0.01) and TPP (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings should aid in the design a larger clinical trial to provide further clarification on the effects of type of fluid therapy on clinical and biochemical parameters in endurance horses. The use of 0.9% sodium chloride may not be ideal for the emergency management of endurance horses as it was associated with an increase in plasma chloride concentration.
Copy Number Variations in 6q14.1 and 5q13.2 are Associated with Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Lin Peng , Hartz Sarah M. , Wang Jen‐Chyong , Agrawal Arpana , Zhang Tian‐Xiao , McKenna Nicholas , Bucholz Kathleen , Brooks Andrew I. , Tischfield Jay A. , Edenberg Howard J. , Hesselbrock Victor M. , Kramer John R. , Kuperman Samuel , Schuckit Marc A. , Goate Alison M. , Bierut Laura J. , Rice John P. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundExcessive alcohol use is the third leading cause of preventable death and is highly correlated with alcohol dependence, a heritable phenotype. Many genetic factors for alcohol dependence have been found, but many remain unknown. In search of additional genetic factors, we examined the association between Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) alcohol dependence and all common copy number variations (CNVs) with good reliability in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE).MethodsAll participants in SAGE were interviewed using the Semi‐Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism, as a part of 3 contributing studies. A total of 2,610 non‐Hispanic European American samples were genotyped on the Illumina Human 1M array. We performed CNV calling by CNVPartition, PennCNV, and QuantiSNP, and only CNVs identified by all 3 software programs were examined. Association was conducted with the CNV (as a deletion/duplication) as well as with probes in the CNV region. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to validate the CNVs in the laboratory.ResultsCNVs in 6q14.1 (p = 1.04 × 10−6) and 5q13.2 (p = 3.37 × 10−4) were significantly associated with alcohol dependence after adjusting multiple tests. On chromosome 5q13.2, there were multiple candidate genes previously associated with various neurological disorders. The region on chromosome 6q14.1 is a gene desert that has been associated with mental retardation and language delay. The CNV in 5q13.2 was validated, whereas only a component of the CNV on 6q14.1 was validated by qPCR. Thus, the CNV on 6q14.1 should be viewed with caution.ConclusionsThis is the first study to show an association between DSM‐IV alcohol dependence and CNVs. CNVs in regions previously associated with neurological disorders may be associated with alcohol dependence.
Associations Between Selected State Laws and Teenagers' Drinking and Driving Behaviors
Authors: Cavazos‐Rehg Patricia A. , Krauss Melissa J. , Spitznagel Edward L. , Chaloupka Frank J. , Schootman Mario , Grucza Richard A. , Bierut Laura Jean 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundWe examined the associations between selected state‐level graduated driving licensing (GDL) laws and use‐and‐lose laws (laws that allow for the suspension of a driver's license for underage alcohol violations including purchase, possession, or consumption) with individual‐level alcohol‐related traffic risk behaviors among high school youth.MethodsLogistic regression models with fixed effects for state were used to examine the associations between the selected state‐level laws and drinking and driving behaviors youth aged 16 to 17 years (obtained from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS); responses dichotomized as “0 times” or “1 or more times”) over an extended period of time (1999 to 2009).ResultsA total of 11.7% of students reported having driven after drinking any alcohol and 28.2% reported riding in a car with a driver who had been drinking on 1 or more occasions in the past 30 days. Restrictive GDL laws and use‐and‐lose laws were associated with decreased driving after drinking any alcohol and riding in a car with a driver who had been drinking alcohol.ConclusionsRestrictive GDL and use‐and‐lose laws may help to bolster societal expectations and values about the hazards of drinking and driving behaviors and are therefore partly responsible for the decline in these alcohol‐related traffic risk behaviors.
Physical examination: How to examine the arm with arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Sousa Clemente Neves , Apóstolo João Luís , Figueiredo Maria Henriqueta , Martins Maria Manuela , Dias Vanessa Filipa 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPhysical examination has demonstrated its effectiveness in identifying complications of arteriovenous fistula (AVF). It should be initiated at the stage prior to the construction of the AVF and continue in its accomplishment, maturation, and subsequent use in the treatment of hemodialysis. Nurses should incorporate the physical examination in their practices, in order to preserve the vascular net of patients and assist in the recognition of complications of AVF. It is intended to describe aspects of the physical examination that enable the identification of the AVF complications including: infection, accessory veins, venous stenosis, steal syndrome, high‐output cardiac failure, and venous hypertension.
Implant‐supported single tooth restoration in the aesthetic zone: transmucosal and submerged healing provide similar outcome when simultaneous bone augmentation is needed
Authors: Cordaro Luca , Torsello Ferruccio , Chen Stephen , Ganeles Jeffrey , Brägger Urs , Hämmerle Christoph 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes after 2 years with bone level implants placed to restore a single missing teeth that needed simultaneous augmentation and were treated with a transmucosal or submerged approach.MethodsThis study analyzed a subset of patients included in an ongoing prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) involving12 centers where patients were to be followed‐up to 5 years after loading. Of the 120 implants that were placed in the original study, and randomly assigned to submerged or non‐submerged healing, 52 needed simultaneous augmentation (28 women patients and 24 men patients, between 23 and 78 years of age). Twenty‐seven of them received implants with submerged healing (AuS), while in 25 patients the implants were inserted with a non‐submerged protocol (AuNS).At the 2‐year follow‐up visit, radiographic crestal bone level changes were recorded as well as soft tissue parameters included Pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP) and clinical attachment level (CAL) at teeth adjacent to the implant site.ResultsAfter 2 years a small amount of bone resorption was found in both groups (0.37 ± 0.49 mm in the AuS group and 0.54 ± 0.76 in the AuNS group; P < 0.001).There was no statistically significant difference between AuS Group and AuNS group for PPD (2.5 vs. 2.4 mm), BOP (BOP + sites: 8.8% vs. 11.5%) and CAL (2.8 vs. 2.4 mm) at the 2‐year follow‐up visit.ConclusionsWhen a single implant is placed in the aesthetic zone in conjunction with bone augmentation for a moderate peri‐implant defect, submerged and transmucosal healing determine similar outcome, hence there is no need to submerge an implant in this given clinical situation.
A modified method using the SonoPrep® ultrasonic skin permeation system for sampling human interstitial fluid is compatible with proteomic techniques
Authors: Lecomte Marie M. J. , Atkinson Kelly R. , Kay Daniel P. , Simons Joanne L. , Ingram John R. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundThe use of biomarkers in skin is a novel diagnostic tool. Interstitial fluid (ISF) from skin provides a snapshot of proteins secreted at the time of sampling giving insights into the patient's health status.MethodsA minimally invasive technique for the transdermal collection of human ISF proteins. A low frequency ultrasonic skin permeation device (SonoPrep® ultrasonic skin permeation system) was used to produce micropores in the stratum corneum through which ISF was extracted using a portable pulsed vacuum ISF collection device.ResultsOn average, protein concentrations recovered ranged between 0.064 and 4.792 μg/μL (mean 1.258 μg/μL). Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that this sample type was amenable to this type of analysis. Gel images indicated that both highly abundant proteins and lower abundance proteins were isolated from the skin. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of proteins commonly found in plasma and the epidermis.ConclusionA minimally invasive method for the transdermal recovery of ISF proteins has been developed. We have demonstrated that ISF samples obtained using this approach can be analysed with proteomic techniques, such as two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and western blots, providing another tool for the identification of disease specific protein biomarkers.
Identifying malnutrition risk in acute medical patients: Validity and utility of Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and Modified Malnutrition Screening Tool
Authors: GIBSON Simone , SEQUEIRA Jennifer , CANT Robyn , KU Christopher 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  Nutrition screening is increasingly conducted in hospitals during the patient admission process. We aimed to explore the ease of use of two tools in the conduct of screening by nutrition technicians (NTs), and to compare validity. The tools are Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Modified Malnutrition Screening Tool (Mod‐MST).Methods:  A sample of 262 consecutive adult hospital patients in medical wards was screened during December 2008 to January 2009. Trained NTs used both tools to screen each patient. Dietitians who were blinded to screening results then assessed each patient using Subjective Global Assessment as a reference tool. Time taken for screening was recorded and ease of tool use was explored in interviews with technicians.Results:  The specificity of MUST and Mod‐MST was 85% and 83%, respectively, with sensitivity of 80% and 77%. Both tools were easy to use and could be applied to all patients, including those unable to answer interview questions. However, the MUST took two to three times longer to complete (5–7 min) using objective data. The Mod‐MST collected subjective data that required interpretation by technicians.Conclusion:  Specificity and sensitivity of the two tools were less than optimum at ≤85%, as some patients would be misclassified. Both tools were valid and feasible to use with all medical patients, including those with whom communication cannot be established. The Mod‐MST is recommended, as choice of malnutrition screening tool needs to balance efficacy with time taken to be useful for mass screening programs.