bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Class of Polyion Complex Vesicles (PIC‐somes) to Improve Antimicrobial Activity of Tobramycin in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilms
Authors: Yildirim Turgay , Bali Aghiad , Koch Marcus , Paul Pascal , Latta Lorenz , Schneider‐Daum Nicole , Gallei Markus , Lehr Claus‐Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a major healthcare concern due to its tolerance to antibiotics when enclosed in biofilms. Tobramycin (Tob), an effective cationic aminoglycoside antibiotic against planktonic PA, loses potency within PA biofilms due to hindered diffusion caused by interactions with anionic biofilm components. Loading Tob into nano‐carriers can enhance its biofilm efficacy by shielding its charge. Polyion complex vesicles (PIC‐somes) are promising nano‐carriers for charged drugs, allowing higher drug loadings than liposomes and polymersomes. In this study, a new class of nano‐sized PIC‐somes, formed by Tob‐diblock copolymer complexation is presented. This approach replaces conventional linear PEG with brush‐like poly[ethylene glycol (methyl ether methacrylate)] (PEGMA) in the shell‐forming block, distinguishing it from past methods. Tob paired with a block copolymer containing hydrophilic PEGMA induces micelle formation (PIC‐micelles), while incorporating hydrophobic pyridyldisulfide ethyl methacrylate (PDSMA) monomer into PEGMA chains reduces shell hydrophilicity, leads to the formation of vesicles (PIC‐somes). PDSMA unit incorporation enables unprecedented dynamic disulfide bond‐based shell cross‐linking, significantly enhancing stability under saline conditions. Neither PIC‐somes nor PIC‐micelles show any relevant cytotoxicity on A549, Calu‐3, and dTHP‐1 cells. Tob's antimicrobial efficacy against planktonic PA remains unaffected after encapsulation into PIC‐somes and PIC‐micelles, but its potency within PA biofilms significantly increases.
Promoting Li2S Nucleation/Dissolution Kinetics via Multiple Active Sites over TiVCrMoC3Tx Interface
Authors: Zou Qiang , Liang Qi , Zhou Henggang , Guo Yongqiang , Xue Ji , Luo Mingkai , Jia Songyu , Liu Wenlong , Wang Sizhe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are still limited by some issues such as polysulfides shuttle and lithium dendrites. Recently, the concept “high‐entropy” has been considered as the research hotspot and international frontier. Herein, a high entropy MXene (TiVCrMoC3Tx, HE‐MXene) doped graphene is designed as the modified coating on commercial separators for LSBs. The HE‐MXene affords multiple metal active sites, fast Li+ diffusion rate, and efficient adsorption toward polysulfide intermediates. Furthermore, strong lithophilic property is favorable for uniform Li+ deposition. The combination of in situ characterizations confirms TiVCrMoC3Tx effectively promotes the Li2S nucleation/dissolution kinetics, reduces the Li+ diffusion barrier, and exhibits favorable lithium uniform deposition behavior. This TiVCrMoC3Tx/G@PP provides a high‐capacity retention rate after 1000 cycles at 1 C and 2 C, with a capacity decay rate of merely 0.021% and 0.022% per cycle. Surprisingly, the cell operates at a low potential of 48 mV while maintaining at 5 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2 for 4000 h. Furthermore, it still maintains a high‐capacity retention rate under a high sulfur loading of 4.8/6.4 mg cm−2 and a low E/S ratio of 8.6/7.5 µg mL−1. This work reveals a technical roadmap for simultaneously addressing the cathode and anode challenge, thus achieving potential commercially viable LSBs.
Revisiting the global weights of the integrated watershed health assessment framework and Weyib watershed health analysis: Ethiopia's policy prospects
Authors: Aredo Mesfin Reta , Lohani Tarun Kumar , Mohammed Abdella Kemal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWatershed health study has been considered as a global issue embodied in the United Nations' 2030 agenda toward sustainable water resources development, paving the way for integrated water resources management (IWRM) application, and visualizing intervention techniques to comprehend existing challenges. The watershed faces tremendous pressure due to erratic rainfall patterns, drastic water demand increase, hydrological extremes, and natural‐anthropogenic activities. This study aims to re‐evaluate the recently developed Integrated Watershed Health Assessment Framework (IWHF) global weights, Weyib watershed health assessment, and Ethiopia's policy implications using the integration of numerous data and multiple tools. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to estimate aggregate results from experts' survey responses, which depicted 50.89% priority for ecological conditions, followed by economic 23.30%, policy 13.82%, and 12% for socio‐cultural attributes. A slight discrepancy was exhibited when global weights were re‐evaluated, and the variables with substantial effects on IWHF in developing countries like Ethiopia were integrated. The majority of Weyib watershed health index (WWHI) indicators unveiled promising results except for stakeholders' collaboration and social obligation to restoration activities, information and educational campaigns, hydrology, wetland, and natural land‐cover. The water‐quality parameters laboratory findings were depicted as suitable for irrigation purposes. In general, the WWHI was in good health status, and a medium‐level priority was required for intervention activities to address deteriorated variables. Moreover, enhancing IWRM's application will contribute to tackling bottlenecks such as boost community awareness and stakeholder collaboration, legal and administrative gaps, overlapped mandates, and unpermitted water use resulting in undermining downstream demands and environmental low‐flow.
The Role of Nationalism and Political Identity in Shaping Japanese People’s Perceptions of Immigrants and Refugees
Authors: Kyselova Zdenka P. , Kironska Kristina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractJapan is well-known for its strict immigration and refugee policies. This study examines how Japanese public opinion towards both immigrants and refugees developed in the past, and whether the current trends in public approach towards these phenomena signalise any change in policies. Several studies have already explained the general attitudes of Japanese people towards immigrants and foreigners, while the Japanese attitude towards refugees remains genuinely understudied. In this chapter, public attitudes towards selected groups of nationals, as well as ethnic and religious minorities—and opinions on statements related to immigration and refugee issues—were all analysed. The data used in this chapter have been collected from the Sinophone Borderlands Indo-Pacific Survey, which was co-conducted in 2022 by one of the authors and collected 1219 nationally representative responses. Focusing on the role of the level of nationalist sentiments and political identity, this chapter reveals that nationalism and conservatism have a small impact on how Japanese society perceives refugees and immigrants. In general, the study shows that Japanese society is not welcoming towards foreigners, however, it does demonstrate a high level of awareness regarding the difficulties that Rohingya refugees face and shows support for their resettlement.
UCHL3 induces radiation resistance and acquisition of mesenchymal phenotypes by deubiquitinating POLD4 in glioma stem cells
Authors: Fan Ligang , You Hongtao , Jiang Xiao , Niu Yixuan , Chen Zhengxin , Wang Huibo , Xu Yuan , Zhou Peng , Wei Li , Jiang Tianwei , Deng Danni , Xue Lian , Peng Ya , Xing Wei , Shao Naiyuan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The high degree of intratumoral genomic heterogeneity is a major obstacle for glioblastoma (GBM) tumors, one of the most lethal human malignancies, and is thought to influence conventional therapeutic outcomes negatively. The proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) of glioma stem cells (GSCs) confers resistance to radiation therapy in glioblastoma patients. POLD4 is associated with cancer progression, while the mechanisms underlying PMT and tumor radiation resistance have remained elusive.

Method
Expression and prognosis of the POLD family were analyzed in TCGA, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and GEO datasets. Tumorsphere formation and in vitro limiting dilution assay were performed to investigate the effect of UCHL3-POLD4 on GSC self-renewal. Apoptosis, TUNEL, cell cycle phase distribution, modification of the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet), γ-H2AX immunofluorescence, and colony formation assays were conducted to evaluate the influence of UCHL3-POLD4 on GSC in ionizing radiation. Coimmunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays were performed to identify POLD4 protein interactors. In vivo, intracranial xenograft mouse models were used to investigate the molecular effect of UCHL3, POLD4 or TCID on GCS.

Result
We determined that POLD4 was considerably upregulated in MES-GSCs and was associated with a meagre prognosis. Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L3 (UCHL3), a DUB enzyme in the UCH protease family, is a bona fide deubiquitinase of POLD4 in GSCs. UCHL3 interacted with, depolyubiquitinated, and stabilized POLD4. Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that targeted depletion of the UCHL3-POLD4 axis reduced GSC self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity and resistance to IR treatment by impairing homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Additionally, we proved that the UCHL3 inhibitor TCID induced POLD4 degradation and can significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of IR in a gsc-derived in situ xenograft model.

Conclusion
These findings reveal a new signaling axis for GSC PMT regulation and highlight UCHL3-POLD4 as a potential therapeutic target in GBM. TCID, targeted for reducing the deubiquitinase activity of UCHL3, exhibited significant synergy against MES GSCs in combination with radiation.
Removal of GIT lesions and the role of impedance of the injection solution—an innovative approach to known methods
Authors: Lösle Martina , Grund K. E. , Duckworth-Mothes B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, for the first time, the specific impedances of various injection solutions as well as the surface and tissue impedance after injection of these solutions were analyzed and compared regarding the radio-frequency surgical cutting process. The impedances of 0.9% NaCl, 4% gelatine, 6% hydroxyethyl starch, 10% glycerol/5% fructose, 10% glucose, 5% and 20% albumin, blood, and blood plasma as well as aqua destillata have been tested in vitro. Even if EMR and ESD are routinely used in clinical practice, there is so far no easy, fast, and safe method to remove larger lesions en bloc. We show that the impedance of the injected solution shows to be a crucial factor for safe removal, especially of larger lesions (Ø > 20 mm) and more importantly in accordance with the requirements of oncology and pathology.

Key messages

Impedance is playing a crucial factor in the radio-frequency (RF)-surgery.

With a higher Impedance there will be less current necessary to reach the aimed voltage.

Injection solution Aqua destillata and 10% Glucose, show significantly higher Impedances.

Higher impedances lead to less surgical related complications.

Minor changes in existing method to improve patent safety.
Transitivity in finite general linear groups
Authors: Ernst Alena , Schmidt Kai-Uwe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is known that the notion of a transitive subgroup of a permutation group G extends naturally to subsets of G. We consider subsets of the general linear group $${{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}(n,q)$$

GL

(
n
,
q
)

acting transitively on flag-like structures, which are common generalisations of t-dimensional subspaces of $$\mathbb {F}_q^n$$

F
q
n

and bases of t-dimensional subspaces of $$\mathbb {F}_q^n$$

F
q
n

. We give structural characterisations of transitive subsets of $${{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}(n,q)$$

GL

(
n
,
q
)

using the character theory of $${{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}(n,q)$$

GL

(
n
,
q
)

and interpret such subsets as designs in the conjugacy class association scheme of $${{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}(n,q)$$

GL

(
n
,
q
)

. In particular we generalise a theorem of Perin on subgroups of $${{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}(n,q)$$

GL

(
n
,
q
)

acting transitively on t-dimensional subspaces. We survey transitive subgroups of $${{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}(n,q)$$

GL

(
n
,
q
)

, showing that there is no subgroup of $${{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}(n,q)$$

GL

(
n
,
q
)

with $$1<t<n$$

1
<
t
<
n

acting transitively on t-dimensional subspaces unless it contains $${{\,\textrm{SL}\,}}(n,q)$$

SL

(
n
,
q
)

or is one of two exceptional groups. On the other hand, for all fixed t, we show that there exist nontrivial subsets of $${{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}(n,q)$$

GL

(
n
,
q
)

that are transitive on linearly independent t-tuples of $$\mathbb {F}_q^n$$

F
q
n

, which also shows the existence of nontrivial subsets of $${{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}(n,q)$$

GL

(
n
,
q
)

that are transitive on more general flag-like structures. We establish connections with orthogonal polynomials, namely the Al-Salam–Carlitz polynomials, and generalise a result by Rudvalis and Shinoda on the distribution of the number of fixed points of the elements in $${{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}(n,q)$$

GL

(
n
,
q
)

. Many of our results can be interpreted as q-analogs of corresponding results for the symmetric group.
Die Informatik und die Krise
Authors: Borghoff Uwe M. , Nitzl Christian 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungIn einer sich schnell verändernden Welt, die durch hyperkomplexe Systeme gekennzeichnet ist, reichen Insellösungen einzelner wissenschaftlicher Fachbereiche nicht mehr aus. Daher sind transdisziplinäre Forschungsansätze vonnöten, wobei die Informatik in einer datengetriebenen Welt eine zentrale Rolle einnimmt. Anhand des Beispiels der Krisenfrüherkennung, hier insbesondere der Vorhersage von gewaltsamen Konflikten, wird die praktische Verknüpfung verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Fachbereiche mit der Informatik skizziert. Der Intelligence-Zyklus der Nachrichtendienste dient als übergreifendes Konzept der Informationsverarbeitung, welches veranschaulicht, wie aus Daten Informationen und schließlich Intelligence – also Entscheidungswissen – generiert werden können. Entscheidungswissen beruht auf validierten Zusammenhängen, die dann zu Handlungsempfehlungen führen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass die Informatik nicht allein technisch verstanden werden darf, im Sinne der Datengenerierung, -speicherung, -verarbeitung und -darstellung, sondern auch in Bezug zum abzubildenden Gegenstand gesehen werden muss.
Chilean children’s adherence to sustainable healthy diets and its associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Venegas Hargous Carolina , Orellana Liliana , Corvalan Camila , Strugnell Claudia , Allender Steven , Bell Colin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To describe adherence to sustainable healthy diets among a sample of 958 Chilean pre-schoolers (3–6 years) and explore associations between adherence and child and maternal sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics.

Methods
Children’s adherence to sustainable healthy diets was calculated from single multiple-pass 24-h dietary recalls using the Planetary Health Diet Index for children and adolescents (PHDI-C). Higher PHDI-C scores (max score = 150 points) represent greater adherence. Adjusted linear regression models were fitted to explore associations between PHDI-C scores and child and maternal characteristics.

Results
Children obtained low total PHDI-C scores (median 50.0 [IQR 39.5–59.8] points). This resulted from low consumption of nuts & peanuts, legumes, vegetables, whole cereals, and vegetable oils; a lack of balance between dark green and red & orange vegetables, inadequate consumption of tubers & potatoes and eggs & white meats, and excess consumption of dairy products, palm oil, red meats, and added sugars. Mean PHDI-C total score was significantly higher (50.6 [95%CI 49.6, 51.7] vs 47.3 [95%CI 45.0, 49.5]) among children whose mothers were ≥ 25 years compared to those with younger mothers. Positive associations were observed between scores for fruits and maternal education, vegetables and maternal age, added sugars and child weight status, while negative associations were observed between fruits and child age, and vegetable oils and maternal education. Scores for dairy products PHDI-C component were lower among girls.

Conclusion
Adherence to sustainable healthy diets was low among this sample of Chilean children and was significantly associated with maternal age, being lower among children whose mothers were younger.
The benefit of active management in true knot of the umbilical cord: a retrospective study
Authors: Weissbach Tal , Lev Shir , Back Yonatan , Massarwa Abeer , Meyer Raanan , Elkan Miller Tal , Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Weisz Boaz , Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Kassif Eran 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare perinatal outcomes between active and routine management in true knot of the umbilical cord (TKUC).

Methods
A retrospective study of singletons born beyond 22 6/7 weeks with TKUC. Active management included weekly fetal heart rate monitoring(FHRM) ≥ 30 weeks and labor induction at 36–37 weeks. Outcomes in active and routine management were compared, including composite asphyxia-related adverse outcome, fetal death, labor induction, Cesarean section (CS) or Instrumental delivery due to non-reassuring fetal heart rate (NRFHR), Apgar5 score < 7, cord Ph < 7, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and more.

Results
The Active (n = 59) and Routine (n = 1091) Management groups demonstrated similar rates of composite asphyxia-related adverse outcome (16.9% vs 16.8%, p = 0.97). Active Management resulted in higher rates of labor induction < 37 weeks (22% vs 1.7%, p < 0.001), CS (37.3% vs 19.2%, p = 0.003) and NICU admissions (13.6% vs 3%, p < 0.001). Fetal death occurred exclusively in the Routine Management group (1.8% vs 0%, p = 0.6).

Conclusion
Compared with routine management, weekly FHRM and labor induction between 36 and 37 weeks in TKUC do not appear to reduce neonatal asphyxia. In its current form, active management is associated with higher rates of CS, induced prematurity and NICU admissions. Labor induction before 37 weeks should be avoided.
Compound-specific stable isotope analyses of fatty acids indicate feeding zones of zooplankton across the water column of a subalpine lake
Authors: Pilecky Matthias , Kämmer Samuel K. , Winter Katharina , Ptacnikova Radka , Meador Travis B. , Wassenaar Leonard I. , Fink Patrick , Kainz Martin J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpatial and temporal zooplankton feeding dynamics across the water column of lakes are key for understanding site-specific acquisition of diet sources. During this 6-week lake study, we examined stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes and conducted compound-specific fatty acid (FA) stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of edible seston in the epi-, meta-, and hypolimnion, and zooplankton of Lake Lunz, Austria. We predicted that CSIA of essential FA can discern the foraging grounds of zooplankton more accurately than the commonly used bulk stable isotopes. The δ13C and δ15N values of seston from different lake strata were similar, whereas a dual CSIA approach using stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of FA (δ13CFA and δ2HFA) provided sufficient isotopic difference in essential FA to discern different lake strata-specific diet sources throughout the study period. We present a CSIA model that suggests strata-specific foraging grounds for different zooplankton groups, indicating higher preference of cladocerans for feeding on epilimnetic diet sources, while calanoid copepods retained more hypolimnetic resources. The CSIA approach thus yields strata-specific information on foraging strategies of different zooplankton taxa and provides more details on the spatial and temporal trophodynamics of planktonic food webs than commonly used bulk stable isotopes.
Sleep duration, sleep problems and developmental trajectories of urinary incontinence: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Joinson Carol , Grzeda Mariusz T. , Heron Jon , von Gontard Alexander 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo examine if preschool sleep duration and sleep problems are associated with urinary incontinence (UI) at primary school-age. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association of child sleep duration/problems (3½ years) with UI trajectories (4–9 years) in 8751 (4507 boys, 4244 girls) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We adjusted for sex, socioeconomic indicators, mothers’ emotional/practical/financial support, developmental delay, stressful life events, temperament, and emotional/behaviour problems. Preschool children who slept more than 8½ hours per night had a decreased probability of UI at school-age. There was a 33% reduction in odds of daytime wetting per additional hour of sleep (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52–0.86). Sleep problems were associated with increased odds of UI e.g., getting up after being put to bed was associated with daytime wetting (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.43–3.39); breathing problems whilst sleeping were associated with delayed bladder control (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.12–2.52), and night-time waking was associated with persistent (day and night) wetting (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.16–2.00). Waking during the night and waking up early in the morning were associated with reduced odds of bedwetting at school-age (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.61–0.96 and OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.64–0.99 respectively). Preschool children who sleep for longer have a lower likelihood of UI at school-age, whilst those with sleep problems are more likely to experience daytime wetting and combined (day and night) wetting, but not bedwetting alone. Short sleep duration and sleep problems in early childhood could be indicators of future problems attaining and maintaining bladder control.
Bacteriuria and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing in 45 min by point-of-care Sysmex PA-100 System: first clinical evaluation
Authors: Alonso-Tarrés Carles , Benjumea Moreno Carla , Navarro Ferran , Habison Aline C. , Gonzàlez-Bertran Elisenda , Blanco Francisco , Borràs Jaume , Garrigó Montserrat , Saker Jarob 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study compared the results of the new Sysmex PA-100 AST System, a point-of-care analyser, with routine microbiology for the detection of urinary tract infections (UTI) and performance of antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) directly from urine.

Methods
Native urine samples from 278 female patients with suspected uncomplicated UTI were tested in the Sysmex PA-100 and with reference methods of routine microbiology: urine culture for bacteriuria and disc diffusion for AST.

Results
The analyser delivered bacteriuria results in 15 min and AST results within 45 min. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of microbiologically confirmed bacteriuria were 84.0% (89/106; 95% CI: 75.6–90.4%) and 99.4% (155/156; 95% CI: 96.5–100%), respectively, for bacterial species within the analyser specifications. These are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, which are common species causing uncomplicated UTI. Overall categorical agreement (OCA) for AST results for the five antimicrobials tested in the Sysmex PA-100 (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim) ranged from 85.4% (70/82; 95%CI: 75.9–92.2%) for ciprofloxacin to 96.4% (81/84; 95% CI: 89.9–99.3%) for trimethoprim. The Sysmex PA-100 provided an optimal treatment recommendation in 218/278 cases (78.4%), against 162/278 (58.3%) of clinical decisions.

Conclusion
This first clinical evaluation of the Sysmex PA-100 in a near-patient setting demonstrated that the analyser delivers phenotypic AST results within 45 min, which could enable rapid initiation of the correct targeted treatment with no further adjustment needed. The Sysmex PA-100 has the potential to significantly reduce ineffective or unnecessary antibiotic prescription in patients with UTI symptoms.