bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amperometric NADH Biosensor Based on Magnetic Chitosan Microspheres/Poly(thionine) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Liu Ya , Zhang Hai‐Li , Lai Guo‐Song , Yu Ai‐Min , Huang Yu‐Mei , Han De‐Yan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNovel magnetic chitosan‐coated microspheres (MCMSs) were prepared by modifying carbon‐coated iron magnetic nanoparticles with chitosan. An amperometric dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) sensor was constructed based on immobilizing MCMS on the surface of a polythionine (PTH) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The fabrication of MCMS/PTH film and its electrocatalytic effect on electrochemical oxidation of NADH were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and voltammetric methods. It was found that the resulting integrated films of PTH and MCMS exhibit high electrocatalytic response to NADH by significantly reduce its overpotential. The effects of the experimental variables on the amperometric determination of NADH such as solution pH and working potential were investigated for optimum analytical performance. This electrochemical sensor had a fast response to NADH which was less than 10 s. Linear response ranges of 2–10 μM and 10–100 μM and a detection limit of 0.51 μM (S/N=3) were obtained under the optimum conditions. Moreover, the selectivity, stability and reproducibility of this biosensor was evaluated with satisfactory results.
Electrochemical Adsorption Study of Natural Organic Matter in Marine and Freshwater Systems. A Plea for Use of Mercury for Scientific Purposes
Authors: Ćosović Božena , Kozarac Zlatica , Frka Sanja , Vojvodić Vjeročka 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMost biogeochemical processes in natural waters take place at different phase discontinuities, among which the largest one is the atmosphere‐ocean boundary. Owing to molecular properties, surface active chemical species are adsorbed at natural interfaces, i.e. their concentration increases spontaneously. Electrochemical techniques offer the possibility of direct investigation of adsorption characteristics of a complex mixture of naturally present organic solutes at the electrode‐electrolyte interface. Among various possibilities of measurement the electrode double layer capacity changes at the mercury electrode found the widest application.
The Long Way to Success: Jaroslav Heyrovský and the Nobel Prize
Authors: Jindra Jiří 
Published: June 2010

AbstractJaroslav Heyrovský's scientific career which eventually led him towards his long awaited Nobel Prize, has already been sufficiently documented, particularly for the years 1934–1954 [1]. Shorty said: Prof. Heyrovský received the Nobel Prize in the year 1959, 35 years after the first nomination. Between 1934 to 1959 he received in total 63 nominations from 13 foreign and 52 Czechoslovak nominators. Besides chemistry Heyrovský was nominated for prizes for physics and physiology and medicine.
SOFC 5 kWe CHP Field Unit: Effect of the Methane Dilution
Authors: Santarelli M. , Gariglio M. , De Benedictis F. , Delloro F. , Calì M. , Orsello G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTurboCare and Politecnico di Torino (Italy) have installed an SOFC laboratory in order to analyse the operation of two SOFC generators (Project EOS‐100 kW and EBE‐5 kW) built by Siemens Power Corporation (SPC). In the EBE project the installation of the SFC5 SOFC generator (3.5 kWe and 3 kWth) was carried out. To date, it has operated in the workshop canteen for more than 15,984 h with very high reliability.The real stack is a complex system not installed in a laboratory environment, and has several effects of non‐homogeneity in terms of electrochemical response to fuel or air management modifications. Moreover, many of the parameters of the stack are not directly measurable, and have to be inferred by indirect measurements.In this paper, the analysis of the non‐homogeneous behaviour of the different segments of the complete stack is performed, through an experimental session using a non‐conventional fuel.The obtained data have been analysed using the ANOVA for every dependent variable and a non‐linear regression model for the voltage. Those models were used to evaluate the effect of the fuel modification on the local fuel utilisation in different sectors of the stack.
Rare occurrence of biallelic CYLD gene mutations in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Schmidt Annette , Schmitz Roland , Giefing Maciej , Martin‐Subero Jose Ignacio , Gesk Stefan , Vater Inga , Massow Anne , Maggio Ewerton , Schneider Markus , Hansmann Martin‐Leo , Siebert Reiner , Küppers Ralf 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSurvival of the malignant Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is dependent on constitutive activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) transcription factor. The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD is a negative regulator of NF‐κB and known to function as a tumor suppressor. To determine whether CYLD mutations play a role in cHL pathogenesis, we sequenced the gene in cHL cell lines and microdissected HRS cells obtained from lymph‐node biopsies. A biallelic inactivation by mutations was found in the cHL cell‐line KM‐H2. However, the other seven cHL cell lines analyzed and HRS cells of 10 primary cHL cases did not show any mutations. By interphase cytogenetics, a (sub)clonal biallelic CYLD deletion was observed by interphase cytogenetics in 1 of 29 primary cHL, whereas signal patterns indicating decreased CYLD copy numbers were observed in a total of 10 of 29 primary cases. Our results suggest that biallelic CYLD mutations are rarely involved in cHL pathogenesis. Nevertheless, it is remarkable that KM‐H2 cells, besides the CYLD mutations, also carry inactivating mutations in the genes of two other NF‐κB inhibitors, that is, NFKBIA and TNFAIP3, exemplifying that multiple lesions in regulators of this signaling pathway can likely cooperatively contribute to the strong NF‐κB activity of these cells. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional neuroimaging at different disease stages reveals distinct phases of neuroplastic changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Mohammadi Bahram , Kollewe Katja , Samii Amir , Dengler Reinhard , Münte Thomas F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSome previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed increased activation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients but longitudinal data on such activation changes are lacking. To assess the time course of changes in fMRI patterns and their potential contribution to the understanding of ALS pathophysiology, we, therefore, investigated a total of 22 patients with ALS and matched control participants while they performed a blocked motor task. Patients were assigned to three groups according to whether they had no (MRC grade 5), mild (MRC 4), or marked (MRC 3) weakness of the examined right hand. Significant activations were seen in primary motor and premotor cortex, somatosensory cortex, supplementary motor area and subcortical areas in all groups. The size of the activated area in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex was increased to a similar degree in all three ALS groups compared to control participants irrespective of weakness on clinical examination. Whereas movement related signal change and beta weights extracted from the activated cluster were unchanged relative to controls in ALS patients with no weakness, a marked decrease of these parameters was seen in patients with weakness. Two distinct stages of neuroplastic changes could be identified in ALS (first: increase of the activated area in contralateral sensorimotor cortex; second: reduction of signal change and beta weights with increasing weakness). We interpret the increase of the activated area as a result of decreased intracortical inhibition and the reduction of movement related signal change and beta weights as a consequence of loss of upper motor neurons. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Granger causal influence predicts BOLD activity levels in the default mode network
Authors: Jiao Qing , Lu Guangming , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhong Yuan , Wang Zhengge , Guo Yongxin , Li Kai , Ding Mingzhou , Liu Yijun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough the brain areas in the default‐mode network (DMN) act in a coordinated way during rest, the activity levels in the individual areas of the DMN are highly heterogeneous. The relation between the activity levels and the pattern of causal interaction among the DMN areas remains unknown. In the present fMRI study, seven nodes of the DMN were identified and their activity levels were rank‐ordered based on a power spectral analysis of the resting blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signals. Furthermore, the direction of information flow among these DMN nodes was determined using Granger causality analysis and graph‐theoretic methods. We found that the activity levels in these seven DMN nodes had a highly consistent hierarchical distribution, with the highest activity level in the posterior cingulate/precuneus cortices, followed by ventral medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, and with the lowest level in the left inferior temporal gyrus. Importantly, a significant correlation was found between the activity levels and the In‐Out degrees of information flow across the DMN nodes, suggesting that Granger causal influences can be used to predict BOLD activity levels. These findings shed light on the dynamical organization of cortical neuronal networks and may provide the basis for characterizing network disruption by brain disorders. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antitumor activity of satraplatin in cisplatin‐resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Yamano Yukio , Shiiba Masashi , Negoro Kenji , Nakatani Ken , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Yamatoji Masanobu , Sakuma Kentaro , Ogoshi Kenji , Iyoda Manabu , Shinozuka Keiji , Yokoe Hidetaka , Wada Takeshi , Fujita Shigeyuki , Iwasawa Shunichiro , Takiguchi Yuichi , Tanzawa Hideki , Uzawa Katsuhiro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground.The aim of the current study was to identify the antitumor activity of satraplatin in paired cisplatin (CDDP)‐resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line and its parental cell line.Methods.CDDP‐resistant (KB‐R) cells and parental cells (KB) pair were used. Viability was assessed using the MTT and clonogenic assay. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), glutathione (GSH) assay, and flow cytometric analysis were used for further assessment.Results.KB‐R cells did not show cross‐resistance to satraplatin. The expression status of almost all transporters was upregulated in the KB‐R cells. There was no difference in the GSH levels between the KB and KB‐R cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that with satraplatin the G2/M phase was arrested in the KB‐R cells. KB‐R cells contain enriched side population cells.Conclusion.These data suggested that satraplatin has antitumor activity against the CDDP‐resistant OSCC cells. The mechanism of cross‐resistance to platinum agents seems to be multifactorial. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Long-Term Entecavir Therapy Results in the Reversal of Fibrosis/Cirrhosis and Continued Histological Improvement in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B†,‡
Authors: Chang Ting-Tsung , Liaw Yun-Fan , Wu Shun-Sheng , Schiff Eugene , Han Kwang-Hyub , Lai Ching-Lung , Safadi Rifaat , Lee Samuel S. , Halota Waldemar , Goodman Zachary , Chi Yun-Chan , Zhang Hui , Hindes Robert , Iloeje Uchenna , Beebe Suzanne , Kreter Bruce 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

One year of treatment with entecavir (0.5 mg daily) in nucleoside-naive patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive or HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) resulted in significantly improved liver histology and virological and biochemical endpoints in comparison with lamivudine. Patients who received at least 3 years of cumulative entecavir therapy in phase 3 studies and a long-term rollover study and underwent long-term liver biopsy were evaluated for improvements in histological appearance. Sixty-nine patients [50 HBeAg-positive and 19 HBeAg-negative] receiving entecavir therapy underwent long-term liver biopsy (median time of biopsy = 6 years, range = 3-7 years). Histological improvement was analyzed for 57 patients who had adequate baseline biopsy samples, baseline Knodell necroinflammatory scores ≥2, and adequate long-term biopsy samples. At the time of long-term biopsy, all patients in the cohort had a hepatitis B virus DNA level <300 copies/mL, and 86% had a normalized alanine aminotransferase level. Histological improvement (≥2-point decrease in the Knodell necroinflammatory score and no worsening of the Knodell fibrosis score) was observed in 96% of patients, and a ≥1-point improvement in the Ishak fibrosis score was found in 88% of patients, including all 10 patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis at the phase 3 baseline.

Conclusion:

The majority of nucleoside-naive patients with CHB who were treated with entecavir in this long-term cohort achieved substantial histological improvement and regression of fibrosis or cirrhosis.
Modulation of neurogenesis by targeted hippocampal irradiation fails to affect kindling progression
Authors: Pekcec Anton , Lüpke Matthias , Baumann Rolf , Seifert Hermann , Potschka Heidrun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChanges in the rate of dentate granule cell neurogenesis and in the fate of newborn granule cells have been implicated in the development and progression of epilepsies. Strategies to normalize neurogenesis in chronic epilepsy models are thought to increase our understanding of the functional consequences of aberrant neurogenesis in the epileptic brain. Therefore, we modulated neurogenesis in an amygdala kindling paradigm in rats by targeted irradiation of the hippocampus using a medical linear accelerator device. Selective irradiation normalized the hippocampal cell proliferation rate in kindled animals. Both, in kindled and nonkindled rats the number of BrdU/NeuN‐labeled newborn neurons was reduced in response to irradiation. Whereas kindling resulted in a pronounced increase in the number of neuroblasts identified based on doublecortin‐labeling, irradiation prevented the expansion of the neuroblast population. Moreover, irradiation counteracted the kindling‐associated increase in hilar basal dendrites, and kept the fraction of cells with basal dendrites at control levels. Despite the efficacious modulation of neurogenesis, irradiation did not affect the rate of kindling progression. Both, the number of stimulations as well as the cumulative afterdischarge duration to reach respective seizure stages were comparable in animals with and without irradiation. In addition, pre‐ and postkindling thresholds as well as seizure parameters recorded at threshold stimulation remained unaffected by irradiation. In conclusion, the fact that the efficacious modulation of neurogenesis by irradiation did not exert any effects on kindling acquisition and kindled seizures suggests that newborn neurons do not critically contribute to the hyperexcitable state in the chronic epilepsy model used. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dentate gyrus granule cell firing patterns can induce mossy fiber long‐term potentiation in vitro
Authors: Mistry Rajen , Dennis Siobhan , Frerking Matthew , Mellor Jack R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHippocampal granule cells transmit information about behaviorally‐relevant stimuli to CA3 pyramidal cells via mossy fiber synapses. These synapses express a form of long‐term potentiation (mfLTP) that is non‐Hebbian and does not require NMDA receptors. mfLTP is thought to be induced and expressed presynaptically, hence, the major determinant of whether mfLTP occurs is activity in the granule cells. However, it remains unclear whether mfLTP can be induced by activity patterns that granule cells exhibit in vivo, and—if so—what context generates these patterns. To address these issues, we examined granule cell activity from in vivo recordings from rats during performance of a delayed nonmatch‐to‐sample (DNMS) task and found that granule cells exhibit a wide range of spike patterns. In vitro slice experiments in mice demonstrated that some, but not all, of these patterns of activity could induce mfLTP. By further defining the activity thresholds for mfLTP in hippocampal slices, we found that mfLTP can only be induced by spike patterns that fire in high frequency bursts with a low average firing frequency. Using this information, we then screened for suprathreshold bursts of activity during the DNMS task. In a subset of cells, suprathreshold bursts occurred preferentially during the sampling phase of the task. If suprathreshold bursting took place later, during the delay phase, task performance was disrupted. We conclude that mfLTP can be induced by granule cell spike patterns during a memory task, and that the timing of mfLTP induction can predict task performance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid consolidation and the human hippocampus: Intracranial recordings confirm surface EEG
Authors: Nahum Louis , Gabriel Damien , Spinelli Laurent , Momjian Shahan , Seeck Margitta , Michel Christoph M. , Schnider Armin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDiverse studies demonstrated that although immediately repeated stimuli are better and faster recognized than stimuli repeated after a delay, this comes at the price of less‐efficient long‐term retention. A recent‐evoked potential study using source estimation of high‐resolution scalp EEG indicated that while immediate repetition induced a strikingly different electrical activity than new items in the left‐medial temporal lobe (MTL) after 200–300 ms, delayed repetition did not. In this study, we recorded evoked potentials in two epileptic patients with intracranial depth electrodes in diverse temporal and frontal areas as they performed the same task as in the previous study. We found that immediate repetition induced increase of neural activity specifically in the left MTL between 250 and 400 ms compared to new items and items repeated after a delay. The findings are important in two ways. First, they support our previous conclusion that novel information immediately initiates a consolidation process involving the left‐hippocampal area, which remains vulnerable during active maintenance and increases its effectiveness during off‐line processing. Second, they indicate that source estimation based on high‐resolution scalp EEG correctly localizes the current source of electrical activity in midline structures like the MTL. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The visualization of micro bubble dynamic behavior in capillary microgrooves
Authors: Wu Liyuan , Hu Xuegong , Tang Dawei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRectangular capillary microgrooves are processed on transparent borosilicate glass. Using high‐speed photography, bubble dynamic behaviors in the microgrooves are observed and analyzed. It is proved that no bubble departs from the bottom of microgroove. The results show that the whole bubble lifecycle can be divided into three distinct stages according to growing velocity. Compared with macroscopic pool boiling phenomenon, bubble life cycle shortens greatly. Experimental results about time‐varying micro bubble sizes are distinctly different from those of theoretical calculation results by the dynamic micro layer model for nucleate pool boiling heat transfer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; 39(7): 475–481, 2010; Published online 2 June 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20309
Emerging roles of the host defense peptide LL‐37 in human cancer and its potential therapeutic applications
Authors: Wu William K.K. , Wang Guangshun , Coffelt Seth B. , Betancourt Aline M. , Lee Chung W. , Fan Daiming , Wu Kaichun , Yu Jun , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Cho Chi H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHuman cathelicidin LL‐37, a host defense peptide derived from leukocytes and epithelial cells, plays a crucial role in innate and adaptive immunity. Not only does LL‐37 eliminate pathogenic microbes directly but also modulates host immune responses. Emerging evidence from tumor biology studies indicates that LL‐37 plays a prominent and complex role in carcinogenesis. Although overexpression of LL‐37 has been implicated in the development or progression of many human malignancies, including breast, ovarian and lung cancers, LL‐37 suppresses tumorigenesis in gastric cancer. These data are beginning to unveil the intricate and contradictory functions of LL‐37. The reasons for the tissue‐specific function of LL‐37 in carcinogenesis remain to be elucidated. Here, we review the relationship between LL‐37, its fragments and cancer progression as well as discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this peptide.
Expression and prognostic significance of placental growth factor in hepatocellular carcinoma and peritumoral liver tissue
Authors: Xu Hua‐Xiang , Zhu Xiao‐Dong , Zhuang Peng‐Yuan , Zhang Ju‐Bo , Zhang Wei , Kong Ling‐Qun , Wang Wen‐Quan , Liang Ying , Wu Wei‐Zhong , Wang Lu , Fan Jia , Tang Zhao‐You , Sun Hui‐Chuan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor‐targeted therapy is a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its clinical benefit is often accompanied by acquired resistance. In animal studies, antiplacental growth factor therapy is effective with less resistance. The role of placental growth factor (PlGF) in the progression of HCC is not clear. In our study, we used immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays to investigate PlGF expression in tumor and peritumoral liver tissues from 105 patients with HCC. Intratumoral and peritumoral PlGF mRNA expression was analyzed in another cohort of 37 patients. Peritumoral PlGF expression was significantly higher than intratumoral PlGF expression (p < 0.001). Intratumoral PlGF expression was not associated with patients' overall survival (OS) or time to recurrence (TTR). However, peritumoral PlGF expression, which was associated with tumor size, presence of intrahepatic metastasis, TNM stage and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, was an independent risk factor for OS (p = 0.026) and TTR (p = 0.041). The prognostic value of peritumoral PlGF expression was further validated in a validation cohort (n = 394). We inferred that the elevation of PlGF in peritumoral liver might be induced by hypoxia. We found that peritumoral PlGF expression was associated with hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (p = 0.017). PlGF expression was elevated in L02, a hepatic cell line, under hypoxic conditions in vitro. These findings indicate that high peritumoral PlGF expression is associated with tumor recurrence and survival after resection of HCC. PlGF could be a target of adjuvant therapy and deserves further investigations.