bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human brain iron mapping using atlas‐based T2 relaxometry
Authors: Hasan Khader M. , Walimuni Indika S. , Kramer Larry A. , Narayana Ponnada A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSeveral in vivo quantitative MRI techniques have been proposed as surrogate measures to map iron content in the human brain. The majority of in vivo quantitative MRI iron mapping methods used the age‐dependent iron content data based on postmortem data. In this work, we fused atlas‐based human brain volumetry obtained on a large cohort of healthy adults using FreeSurfer with T2 relaxation time measurements. We provide a brain atlas‐based T2 relaxation time map, which was subsequently used along with published postmortem iron content data to obtain a map of iron content in subcortical and cortical gray matter. We have also investigated the sensitivity of the linear model relating transverse relaxation rate with published iron content to the number of regions used. Our work highlights the challenges encountered on using the simple model along with postmortem data to infer iron content in several brain regions where postmortem iron data are scant (e.g., corpus callosum, amygdale). Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility of an Exercise‐Based Rehabilitation Programme for Chronic Hip Pain
Authors: Bearne Lindsay M. , Walsh Nicola E. , Jessep Sally , Hurley Michael V. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundChronic hip pain is prevalent and disabling and has considerable consequences for the individual, and health and social care. Evidence‐based guidelines recommend that patients with chronic hip pain benefit from exercise, but these guidelines are predominantly based on the efficacy of knee rehabilitation programmes. Studies investigating hip rehabilitation programmes suggest that these may not be feasible, citing issues with case identification. This study evaluated the feasibility of an exercise‐based rehabilitation programme in a primary care hospital.MethodsForty‐eight participants with chronic hip pain were randomly allocated to receive a five‐week exercise and self‐management programme or to continue under the management of their general practitioner (GP). Participants were assessed at baseline, six weeks and six months. Outcome measures included Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index physical function subscale, pain, objective functional performance, self‐efficacy, anxiety and depression.ResultsThis programme was feasible, well tolerated and easily implemented into a primary healthcare facility. Adherence to the programme was high (81% attendance). Immediately following rehabilitation, all outcomes measures improved (effect sizes 0.2–0.4), although these improvements diminished at six months. There were no differences between the groups (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsAn exercise‐based rehabilitation programme was found to be feasible and well tolerated by people with chronic hip pain. The moderate effects in all outcomes immediately following rehabilitation suggested that it warrants further investigation. Issues with diagnosis and adaptations to the programme were identified and will be addressed in a randomized controlled trial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slip flow and heat transfer in rectangular and circular microchannels using hybrid FE/FV method
Authors: Palle Sridhar , Aliabadi Shahrouz 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYRarefied gas flows typically encountered in MEMS systems are numerically investigated in this study. Fluid flow and heat transfer in rectangular and circular microchannels within the slip flow regime are studied in detail by our recently developed implicit, incompressible, hybrid (finite element/finite volume) flow solver. The hybrid flow solver methodology is based on the pressure correction or projection method, which involves a fractional step approach to obtain an intermediate velocity field by solving the original momentum equations with the matrix‐free, implicit, cell‐centered finite volume method. The Poisson equation resulting from the fractional step approach is then solved by node based Galerkin finite element method for an auxiliary variable, which is closely related to pressure and is used to update the velocity field and pressure field. The hybrid flow solver has been extended for applications in MEMS by incorporating first order slip flow boundary conditions. Extended inlet boundary conditions are used for rectangular microchannels, whereas classical inlet boundary conditions are used for circular microchannels to emphasize on the entrance region singularity. In this study, rarefaction effects characterized by Knudsen number (Kn) in the range of 0 ⩽ Kn ⩽ 0.1 are numerically investigated for rectangular and circular microchannels with constant wall temperature. Extensive validations of our hybrid code are performed with available analytical solutions and experimental data for fully developed velocity profiles, friction factors, and Nusselt numbers. The influence of rarefaction on rectangular microchannels with aspect ratios between 0 and 1 is thoroughly investigated. Friction coefficients are found to be decreasing with increasing Knudsen number for both rectangular and circular microchannels. The reduction in the friction coefficients is more pronounced for rectangular microchannels with smaller aspect ratios. Effects of rarefaction and gas‐wall surface interaction parameter on heat transfer are analyzed for rectangular and circular microchannels. For most engineering applications, heat transfer is decreased with rarefaction. However, for fluids with very large Prandtl numbers, velocity slip dominates the temperature jump resulting in an increase in heat transfer with rarefaction. Depending on the gas‐wall surface interaction properties, extreme reductions in the Nusselt number can occur. Present results confirm the existence of a transition point below and above wherein heat transfer enhancement and reduction can occur. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics characterization of gastrokine 1‐induced growth inhibition of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Yan Guang‐Rong , Xu Song‐Hui , Tan Zi‐Lu , Yin Xin‐Feng , He Qing‐Yu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe previously used proteomics technology to globally identify gastric cancer‐associated proteins and found that gastrokine 1 (GKN1) was dramatically underexpressed in gastric cancer tissues. Here, we further showed that GKN1 could inhibit cell growth and induce cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells. The activity of protein kinase PKCδ/θ was inhibited by GKN1, whereas the activity of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 was increased by GKN1, suggesting that GKN1 induced growth inhibition of gastric cancer cells by synergistically regulating the activity of these protein kinases. Seventy‐four proteins were found to be regulated by GKN1 by proteomics analysis, including α‐enolase (ENO1) and Cathepsin D. Interestingly, ENO1 is an important hub in the protein–protein interaction network of the 74 differential proteins. Silencing of ENO1 resulted in growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest of gastric cancer cells, similar to the effect of GKN1 overexpression in cells, whereas ENO1 overexpression blocked GKN1‐induced growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest. These observations suggested that ENO1 downregulation played an important role in GKN1‐induced growth inhibition of gastric cancer cells.
Synthesis of various end‐functionalized polyesters by controlled/living ring‐opening polymerization of lactones using pentafluorophenylbis(triflyl)methane
Authors: Makiguchi Kosuke , Satoh Toshifumi , Kakuchi Toyoji 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe ring‐opening polymerizations (ROPs) of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) and δ‐valerolactone (δ‐VL) with pentafluorophenylbis(triflyl)methane (C6F5CHTf2) as the organocatalyst and alcohol initiators were carried out. For the ROP using 3‐phenyl‐1‐propanol (PPA) as the initiator in CH2Cl2 at room temperature with the [ε‐CL or δ‐VL]0/[PPA]0/[C6F5CHTf2] ratio of 50/1/0.1, the polymerization homogeneously proceeded to afford poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(δ‐valerolactone) (PVL) having narrow polydispersity indices. The molecular weights of the obtained polymers determined from 1H NMR spectra showed good agreement with those estimated from the initial ratio of [ε‐CL or δ‐VL]0/[PPA]0 and monomer conversions. The 1H NMR, size exclusion chromatography, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry measurements strongly indicated that PCL and PVL possessed the 3‐phenylpropoxy group as the α‐chain‐end and the hydroxy group as the ω‐chain‐end. In addition, the controlled/living nature for the C6F5CHTf2‐catalyzed ROP of lactones was confirmed by kinetic and chain‐extension experiments. The block copolymerization of PCL and PVL successfully proceeded to afford PCL‐b‐PVL and PVL‐b‐PCL. In addition, various end‐functionalized PCLs and PVLs with narrow molecular weight distributions were synthesized by the ROP of ε‐CL and δ‐VL using functional initiators, such as 6‐azido‐1‐hexanol, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, propargyl alcohol, N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)maleimide, 4‐vinylbenzyl alcohol, 5‐hexen‐1‐ol, and 5‐norbornene‐2‐methanol. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide under inorganic oxide supported rare earth ternary catalyst
Authors: Lu Hongwei , Qin Yusheng , Wang Xianhong , Yang Xiangguang , Zhang Suobo , Wang Fosong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRecently, rare earth ternary coordination catalyst represented as Y(CCl3OO)3‐Glycerin‐ZnEt2 has been used for producing poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC, an alternating copolymer of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide) in industry scale, but its catalytic activity needs further improvement. One reason for the relatively low catalytic activity lied in that only 11.7% of active center was efficient due to possible embedding of active center in the heterogeneous catalyst. In this report, supporting strategy was developed, where Y(CCl3OO)3‐Glycerin‐ZnEt2 was supported on various inorganic oxides. Two supporting methods were carried out. One way was to mix Y(CCl3OO)3‐Glycerin with inorganic oxide first and then ZnEt2 was dropped to form the supported catalyst, and the other was to make Y(CCl3OO)3‐Glycerin‐ZnEt2 at first and then mixing with inorganic oxides. The former showed decreasing catalytic activity compared with corresponding unsupported rare earth ternary catalyst, while an improvement of 16–36% in catalytic activity was realized in the latter. PPC with an average number molecular weight (Mn) of over 100 kg/mol and carbonate unit (CU) content of higher than 96% was prepared by both supported catalysts. The catalytic activity of the supported catalyst depended significantly on the supports, which increased in the following order: α‐Al2O3 < MgO < ZnO ≈ SiO2 <γ‐Al2O3. γ‐Al2O3 was the best support for rare earth ternary catalyst, which showed a remarkable 36% increase in catalytic activity, corresponding to the utilization of 17% of active center. Although MgO supported catalyst gave only an 8% increase in catalytic activity, the Mn and CU content of PPC were raised to about 143 kg/mol and 99%, whereas the PPC from common rare earth ternary catalyst was about 108 kg/mol and 97%, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Exchange bias in a nanogranular system with competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions
Authors: Hu Yong , Du An 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA nanogranular system with inverted ferromagnetic (FM)–antiferromagnetic (AFM) core–matrix morphology is investigated by conducting a modified Monte Carlo Metropolis method. Effects of the AFM‐ and FM‐component ratios on exchange bias field (HE) and coercivity (HC) are presented at low temperature after field cooling, respectively. The sign of HE is negative for weak cooling fields (HFC) but positive for strong ones. The value of HE increases monotonically with the increasing radius of the AFM core (RAF) at the expense of the FM matrix for weak and strong HFC, while it is non‐monotonic when HFC is equal to a critical value, which just overcomes the AFM interfacial coupling energy. With the pure increase of the FM dimension, the value of HE decreases firstly and finally levels off at low temperature after cooling in weak or strong HFC. However, HE is around zero and shifts slightly to a positive value for the same critical HFC. The behaviors of HC are independent of HFC. A monotonic decrease of HC with increasing RAF and the opposite trend with increasing FM dimension are both detected in the present system. The phenomena have been interpreted well by analyzing the magnetization reversal and energy competition mechanisms. The increase of RAF stabilizes the magnetic spin configuration of the AFM nanoparticles to contribute to HE, while large numbers of the FM spins may weaken the AFM pinning effect, resulting in the suppression of HE.
Semiclassical simulations in materials science
Authors: Jiang Chen‐Wei , Zhou Xiang , Lin Zhibin , Xie Rui‐Hua , Li Fu‐Li , Gao Meng , Allen Roland E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSemiclassical simulations in materials science originated with the work of Sankey, Menon, and Allen in 1985, and of Car and Parrinello that same year. Here we briefly review some recent studies by the present authors using our method of semiclassical electron–radiation–ion dynamics (SERID). In particular, Zhou et al. and Jiang et al., respectively, determined the optimal duration and optimal timing for a series of femtosecond‐scale laser pulses to excite a specific vibrational mode in a general chemical system. A set of such modes (or even a single characteristic mode) can be used as a “fingerprint” for characterizing a particular molecule or a complex in a solid. One can therefore envision many applications, ranging from fundamental studies to detection of chemical or biological agents. Lin et al. found that excited electrons automatically equilibrate to a Fermi–Dirac distribution within roughly 100 fs, solely because of their coupling to the nuclear motion, even though the resulting electronic temperature is one to two orders of magnitude higher than the kinetic temperature defined by the nuclear motion. Microscopic simulations like these can then provide the separate electronic and kinetic temperatures, chemical potentials, pressures, and nonhydrostatic stresses required as input for studies on larger length and time scales.
Engineering of YBa2Cu3O7–δ grain boundary Josephson junctions by Au nanocrystals
Authors: Michalowski P. , Schmidt M. , Schmidl F. , Grosse V. , Kuhwald D. , Katzer C. , Hübner U. , Seidel P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe prepared and investigated grain boundary Josephson junctions based on SrTiO3 bicrystal substrates. During the deposition of YBa2Cu3O7–δ (YBCO) gold nanocrystals forming from an intermediate gold layer can modify the crystalline structure and thus the properties of the YBCO grain boundaries. The variation of the film thickness of the Au seed layer changes the growth conditions of the YBCO film and the Au nanocrystals. The values of the characteristic ICRN product do not change whereas the values of the critical current IC decrease.magnified image(© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ANP/RPN: a multi criteria evaluation of the Risk Priority Number
Authors: Zammori Francesco , Gabbrielli Roberto 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an advanced version of the failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA), whose capabilities are enhanced; in that the criticality assessment takes into account possible interactions among the principal causes of failure. This is obtained by integrating FMECA and Analytic Network Process, a multi‐criteria decision making technique. Severity, Occurrence and Detectability are split into sub‐criteria and arranged in a hybrid (hierarchy/network) decision‐structure that, at the lowest level, contains the causes of failure. Starting from this decision‐structure, the Risk Priority Number is computed making pairwise comparisons, so that qualitative judgements and reliable quantitative data can be easily included in the analysis, without using vague and unreliable linguistic conversion tables. Pairwise comparison also facilitates the effort of the design/maintenance team, since it is easier to place comparative rather than absolute judgments, to quantify the importance of the causes of failure. In order to clarify and to make evident the rational of the final results, a graphical tool, similar to the House of Quality, is also presented. At the end of the paper, a case study, which confirms the quality of the approach and shows its capability to perform robust and comprehensive criticality analyses, is reported. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Technological scenarios of variation transmission in multistage machining processes
Authors: Palumbo B. , De Chiara G. , Sansone F. , Marrone R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe study of variation transmission in multistage machining processes is a strategic task. It enables us to understand how variation is added and transmitted across the process stages and, therefore, to identify opportunities to reduce variation in key characteristics at the final stage. In this paper, a data‐driven technique, based on a first‐order autoregressive model, is applied to a multistage machining process of an aero‐engine component. Data on 15 key characteristics of 42‐tracked components are taken at each of eight sequential process stages. The statistical analysis of data relative to critical key characteristics permits determining the quantity of variation that is added at each stage and the quantity that is transmitted from upstream. This differentiation between added and transmitted variation allows the discovery of which stages contribute most to variation of key characteristics at the final stage. The statistical and technological interpretation of results enables identifying three typical technological scenarios that affect multistage machining process. The knowledge of the variance transmission modalities related to each scenario is a winning factor in achieving quality improvement and cost reduction. It has a direct influence on the effectiveness of variation reduction efforts and may provide useful information to define manufacturing cycles or to select machining tolerances. The application proposed has been developed in the AVIO industry, an international aerospace company at the leading edge of propulsion technology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
More Effective Nanomedicines through Particle Design
Authors: Wang Jin , Byrne James D. , Napier Mary E. , DeSimone Joseph M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNanomedicine is an emerging field that applies concepts in nanotechnology to develop novel diagnostics and therapies. Physical and chemical properties of particles, including size, shape, modulus, surface charge and surface chemistry, play an important role in determining particle–cell interactions, cellular trafficking mechanisms, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics. This discussion focuses on both nanoparticles and microparticles since microparticles can also provide many insights for the development of drug carriers and possess advantages over nanoparticles in certain applications. This review covers recent major advancement in the nanomedicine field and also highlights studies using the PRINT technology.
Some Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Cr‐Mn‐Ni‐Steels
Authors: Dubberstein T. , Hötzel M. , Hagemann R. , Heller P. , Scheller P. R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the last years new Cr‐Mn‐Ni‐TRIP/TWIP steels have been developed at the Institute of Iron and Steel Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology. Within the Collaborative Research Center SFB 799, the ZrO2‐ceramic‐TRIP‐steel composite materials are produced using the infiltration of open foam ceramics with liquid steel and using powder metallurgy with small additions of ceramic powder before sintering. The thermophysical properties of liquid steel play an important role in both production routes. They affect the infiltration efficiency in one process and the produced powder size in the other, and therefore finally determine the composite properties. In this work some of these properties were estimated, as they are not available in literature. The investigated steels contain approximately 16% chrome, 7% manganese and 3% to 9% nickel. The surface tension was estimated using two methods: the drop weight method and the maximum bubble pressure method. In the drop weight method similar conditions at the gas/metal interface exist as during the atomization or the infiltration process, where liquid metal is exposed to high volume of inert gas. In all these cases the evaporation of manganese affects the surface tension. For comparison of results and for estimation of the liquid steel density the maximum bubble pressure method was used where the evaporation of manganese is limited. The wettability on partially MgO‐stabilized ZrO2 ceramic substrates and its change with contact time was determined using the sessile drop method.
Adjuvant Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma after Curative Surgery: Retrospective Control Study
Authors: Shen W. F. , Zhong W. , Liu Q. , Sui C. J. , Huang Y. Q. , Yang J. M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundEffects of adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) radical surgery have never been evaluated.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 125 ICC patients who had undergone operations with curative intent in Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from July 2002 to December 2003. Of these patients, 53 underwent adjuvant TACE (TACE group) and 72 did not (non‐TACE group). Adjuvant TACE was performed one time 1.5–2.0 months after the operation.ResultsFollow‐up was performed at a median of 18 months (range 3–96 months). There was no significant recurrence‐free survival (RFS) difference between the TACE and non‐TACE groups (P = 0.659). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 69.8, 37.7, and 28.3%, respectively, for the TACE group and 54.2, 25.0, and 20.8%, respectively, for the non‐TACE group (P = 0.045). Among 54 patients with a recurrence time of ≤3 months, the OS rate of the TACE group was better than that of the non‐TACE group (P < 0.001). For 59 patients with a recurrence time later than the median RFS, no significant RFS difference was found between the TACE and non‐TACE groups (P = 0.681). These results indicate that TACE could not delay recurrence but could prolong the OS of patients with early recurrence.ConclusionsAdjuvant TACE after radical surgery was associated with better survival among the ICC patients with early recurrence.