bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicriteria simulation optimization method for injection molding
Authors: Villarreal-Marroquín María G. , Cabrera-Ríos Mauricio , Castro José M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Injection molding is the most important process for mass-producing plastic products. To help improve and facilitate the molding of plastic parts, advanced computer simulation tools have been developed. While modeling is complicated by itself, the difficulty of optimizing the injection molding process is that the performance measures involving the injection molding process usually show conflicting behaviors. Therefore, the best solution for one performance measure is usually not the best in some other performance measures. This paper introduces a simulation optimization method which considers multiple performance measures and is able to find a set of efficient solutions without having to evaluate a large number of simulations. The main components of the method are metamodeling, design of experiments, and data envelopment analysis. The method is illustrated and detailed here using a simple test example, and it is applied to a real injection molding case. The performance of the method using a different design of experiments is also discussed.
Characterization and classification of uranium ore concentrates (yellow cakes) using infrared spectrometry
Authors: Varga Zsolt , Öztürk Betül , Meppen Manuela , Mayer Klaus , Wallenius Maria , Apostolidis Christopf 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In this work the applicability of Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) for nuclear forensic studies of uranium ore concentrates (UOC) are investigated. The technique was used for the identification of the type of uranium compound and various process-related impurities, which can give information on the production method of the material. The measured spectra were evaluated also by statistical means, using the soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) technique to reveal less apparent similarities between the measured UOC samples.
Is extraction of Fe from iron based reference materials an appropriate method for determination of trace elements?
Authors: Taseska Milena , Makreski Petre , Stibilj Vekoslava , Jacimovic Radojko , Stafilov Trajče 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Various trace elements in different types of iron based geological reference materials [JSS 804-1 (hematite), JSS 820-2 (limonite), SU-1 and SU-1a (iron-nickel-copper-cobalt ores)] were investigated using k
0-instrumental neutron activation analysis (k
0-INAA). To avoid the interference of iron as the matrix element, a liquid–liquid extraction procedure with diisopropyl ether (DIPE) in hydrochloric acid solution and determination of trace elements in the inorganic phase was undertaken prior to irradiation. The k
0-INAA method, applied to determine the content of the investigated elements, enabled the distribution of 39 elements to be followed through their corresponding intermediate/medium and long half-lived radionuclides. The possibility of determining the content of numerous trace elements after Fe separation is an important advantage of the proposed method. k
0-INAA used to determine element s in the powdered materials and in liquid form after iron extraction enabled us to follow the losses and potential contamination of some elements in the liquid–liquid extraction process. Additionally, elimination of the matrix element lowered the detection limit for some trace elements compared to their corresponding values obtained by k
0-INAA.
Transient anisotropy in degenerate systems: A semi-classical approach
Authors: Schalk Oliver , Unterreiner Andreas-Neil 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA semi-classical model for transient anisotropy in degenerate excited states is developed on the basis of a more general ansatz presented recently (O. Schalk and A.-N. Unterreiner, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.12, 655 (2010)). This is the first model that can treat both rotational dephasing and the dynamics in degenerate systems, which is a prerequisite for a comprehensive theory to describe gas phase anisotropy experiments in small, highly symmetric systems. In the present contribution, it is shown that this model covers most of the features of the full quantum dynamical treatment and helps to give insights into the physical processes that are underlying these dynamics.
Expression of Immune‐Inflammatory Markers in Sites of Chronic Periodontitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Duarte Poliana Mendes , Szeremeske Miranda Tamires , Lima Jadson Almeida , Dias Gonçalves Tiago Eduardo , Santos Vanessa Renata , Bastos Marta Ferreira , Ribeiro Fernanda Vieira 
Published: August 2011

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the gene expression of immune‐inflammatory markers in gingival biopsies of patients with type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: Gingival biopsies were harvested from systemically and periodontally healthy patients (SPH), systemically healthy patients with CP (SHCP), and patients with better‐controlled and poorly controlled diabetes and CP. The levels of mRNA of interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐6, IL‐23, IL‐10, IL‐4, interferon‐γ, toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐2, TLR‐4, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor‐α, transforming growth factor‐β, transcription factor forkhead box p3, transcription factor orphan nuclear receptor C2 (RORC2), and receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: All CP groups presented higher levels of mRNA of TLR‐2, TLR‐4, IL‐17, RANKL, and RAGE and a higher frequency of IL‐17 and TLR‐2 mRNA‐positive biopsies when compared to SPH (P <0.05). There was a higher frequency of detection of RORC2 in the biopsies from both groups with diabetes compared to the other groups (P <0.05). The frequency of IL‐4 mRNA‐positive tissues was lower in patients with diabetes compared to SHCP (P <0.05).Conclusion: CP, but not type 2 diabetes mellitus, significantly affected the expressions of the evaluated genes related to the innate and adaptive immune responses.
Results of the Heart Healthy and Ethnically Relevant Lifestyle Trial: A Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Intervention for African American Women Attending Community Health Centers
Authors: Parra-Medina Deborah , Wilcox Sara , Salinas Jennifer , Addy Cheryl , Fore Elizabeth , Poston Marybeth , Wilson Dawn K. 
Published: August 2011

Objectives. We evaluated a theory-based lifestyle intervention targeting physical activity and dietary fat intake among African American women at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods. The Heart Healthy and Ethnically Relevant Lifestyle trial (2005–2008) randomly assigned 266 low-income African American women aged 35 years and older who were patients of South Carolina community health care centers into comprehensive or standard care interventions. Comprehensive participants received standard care (stage-matched provider counseling and assisted goal setting) plus 12 months of telephone counseling and tailored newsletters. Primary outcomes were 6- and 12-month self-reported physical activity and dietary fat intake. Results. Comprehensive participants were more likely than were standard care participants to decrease total physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18, 8.25) and increase leisure-time physical activity (OR = 3.82; 95% CI = 1.41, 10.3) at 6 months (no 12-month differences). Mean reductions in Dietary Risk Assessment score occurred in both groups but were greater among comprehensive participants than among standard care participants (6 months, −8.50 vs −5.34; 12 months, −7.16 vs −3.37; P < .001). Conclusions. The comprehensive intervention improved women's leisure-time physical activity and dietary fat intake, highlighting a replicable model to help primary care providers implement lifestyle counseling.
Alcohol Advertising at Boston Subway Stations: An Assessment of Exposure by Race and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Gentry Elisabeth , Poirier Katie , Wilkinson Tiana , Nhean Siphannay , Nyborn Justin , Siegel Michael 
Published: August 2011

Objectives. We investigated the frequency of alcohol ads at all 113 subway and streetcar stations in Boston and the patterns of community exposure stratified by race, socioeconomic status, and age. Methods. We assessed the extent of alcohol advertising at each station in May 2009. We measured gross impressions and gross rating points (GRPs) for the entire Greater Boston population and for Boston public school student commuters. We compared the frequency of alcohol advertising between neighborhoods with differing demographics. Results. For the Greater Boston population, alcohol advertising at subway stations generated 109 GRPs on a typical day. For Boston public school students in grades 5 to 12, alcohol advertising at stations generated 134 GRPs. Advertising at stations in low-poverty neighborhoods generated 14.1 GRPs and at stations in high-poverty areas, 63.6 GRPs. Conclusions. Alcohol ads reach the equivalent of every adult in the Greater Boston region and the equivalent of every 5th- to 12th-grade public school student each day. More alcohol ads were displayed in stations in neighborhoods with high poverty rates than in stations in neighborhoods with low poverty rates.
Trends in Smoking Among Adults From 1980 to 2009: The Minnesota Heart Survey
Authors: Filion Kristian B. , Steffen Lyn M. , Duval Sue , Jacobs David R. , Blackburn Henry , Luepker Russell V. 
Published: August 2011

Objectives. We examined population-based smoking trends in Minnesota between 1980 and 2009. Methods. The Minnesota Heart Survey (MHS) is a population-based, serial, cross-sectional study of cardiovascular risk factor trends among Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan residents. The MHS recently completed its sixth survey (1980–1982 [n = 3799], 1985–1987 [n = 4641], 1990–1992 [n = 5159], 1995–1997 [n = 6690], 2000–2002 [n = 3281], and 2007–2009 [n = 3179]). We used MHS data to examine smoking trends among adults aged 25 to 74 years by means of age-adjusted generalized linear mixed models. Results. Between 1980 and 2009, the prevalence of current smoking decreased from 32.8% to 15.5% for men and from 32.7% to 12.2% for women (P < .001 for each). Greater decreases occurred among those with higher income and those with more education. Among currently smoking men, the number of cigarettes smoked per day decreased from 26.0 in the 1980–1982 survey to 16.0 in the 2007–2009 survey (P < .001). Similar trends were observed among women. Conclusions. Although the prevalence of smoking and cigarette consumption decreased from the 1980–1982 period to the 2007–2009 period, interventions specifically designed for those of lower socioeconomic status are needed.
Low-Risk Lifestyle Behaviors and All-Cause Mortality: Findings From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study
Authors: Ford Earl S. , Zhao Guixiang , Tsai James , Li Chaoyang 
Published: August 2011

Objectives. We examined the relationship between 4 low-risk behaviors—never smoked, healthy diet, adequate physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption—and mortality in a representative sample of people in the United States. Methods. We used data from 16958 participants aged 17 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study from 1988 to 2006. Results. The number of low-risk behaviors was inversely related to the risk for mortality. Compared with participants who had no low-risk behaviors, those who had all 4 experienced reduced all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]=0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.28, 0.49), mortality from malignant neoplasms (AHR=0.34; 95% CI=0.20, 0.56), major cardiovascular disease (AHR=0.35; 95% CI=0.24, 0.50), and other causes (AHR=0.43; 95% CI=0.25, 0.74). The rate advancement periods, representing the equivalent risk from a certain number of years of chronological age, for participants who had all 4 high-risk behaviors compared with those who had none were 11.1 years for all-cause mortality, 14.4 years for malignant neoplasms, 9.9 years for major cardiovascular disease, and 10.6 years for other causes. Conclusions. Low-risk lifestyle factors exert a powerful and beneficial effect on mortality.
Relations of Meeting National Public Health Recommendations for Muscular Strengthening Activities With Strength, Body Composition, and Obesity: The Women's Injury Study
Authors: Trudelle-Jackson Elaine , Jackson Allen W. , Morrow James R. 
Published: August 2011

Objectives. We examined the relations of meeting or not meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommendations for muscular strengthening activities with percentage of body fat, body mass index (BMI; defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters, squared), muscular strength, and obesity classification in women. Methods. We analyzed data on 918 women aged 20 to 83 years in the Women's Injury Study from 2007 to 2009. A baseline orthopedic examination included measurement of height, body weight, skinfolds, and muscle strength. Results. Women who met muscle strengthening activity recommendations had significantly lower BMI and percentage of body fat and higher muscle strength. Women not meeting those recommendations were more likely to be obese (BMI ≥ 30) compared with women who met the recommendations after we adjusted for age, race, and aerobic physical activity (odds ratio = 2.28; 95% confidence interval = 1.61, 3.23). Conclusions. There was a small but significant positive association between meeting muscle strengthening activity recommendations and muscular strength, a moderate inverse association with body fat percentage, and a strong inverse association with obesity classification, providing preliminary support for the muscle strengthening activity recommendation for women.
Aligning Community Engagement With Traditional Authority Structures in Global Health Research: A Case Study From Northern Ghana
Authors: Tindana Paulina O. , Rozmovits Linda , Boulanger Renaud F. , Bandewar Sunita V. S. , Aborigo Raymond A. , Hodgson Abraham V. O. , Kolopack Pamela , Lavery James V. 
Published: August 2011

Despite the recognition of its importance, guidance on community engagement practices for researchers remains underdeveloped, and there is little empirical evidence of what makes community engagement effective in biomedical research. We chose to study the Navrongo Health Research Centre in northern Ghana because of its well-established community engagement practices and because of the opportunity it afforded to examine community engagement in a traditional African setting. Our findings suggest that specific preexisting features of the community have greatly facilitated community engagement and that using traditional community engagement mechanisms limits the social disruption associated with research conducted by outsiders. Finally, even in seemingly ideal, small, and homogeneous communities, cultural issues exist, such as gender inequities, that may not be effectively addressed by traditional practices alone.
Seven-Year Patterns in US Cigar Use Epidemiology Among Young Adults Aged 18–25 Years: A Focus on Race/Ethnicity and Brand
Authors: Cullen Jennifer , Mowery Paul , Delnevo Cristine , Allen Jane A. , Sokol Natasha , Byron M. Justin , Thornton-Bullock Amber 
Published: August 2011

Objectives. We examined patterns in cigar use among young adults, aged 18–25 years, focusing on race/ethnicity and brand. Methods. We conducted a secondary data analysis of cross-sectional waves of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002–2008, using multivariate logistic regression to assess time trends in past 30 days cigar use, past 30 days use of a “top 5” cigar brand, cigar use intensity, and age at first cigar use. Results. Cigar use has increased among White non-Hispanic men aged 18 to 25 years, from 12.0% in 2002 to 12.7% in 2008. Common predictors of all outcomes included male gender and past 30 days use of cigarettes, marijuana, and blunts. Additional predictors of past 30 days cigar and “top 5” brand use included younger age, non-Hispanic Black or White race, lower income, and highest level of risk behavior. College enrollment predicted intensity of use and “top 5” brand use. Conclusions. Recent legislative initiatives have changed how cigars are marketed and may affect consumption. National surveys should include measures of cigar brand and little cigar and cigarillo use to improve cigar use estimates.
Social Gradients in Oral Health in Older Adults: Findings From the English Longitudinal Survey of Aging
Authors: Tsakos Georgios , Demakakos Panayotes , Breeze Elizabeth , Watt Richard G. 
Published: August 2011

Objectives. We examined prospective associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) markers and oral health outcomes in a national sample of older adults in England. Methods. Data were from the English Longitudinal Survey of Aging, a national cohort study of community-dwelling people aged 50 years and older. SEP markers (education, occupation, household income, household wealth, subjective social status, and childhood SEP) and sociodemographic confounders (age, gender, and marital status) were from wave 1. We collected 3 self-reported oral health outcomes at wave 3: having natural teeth (dentate vs edentate), self-rated oral health, and oral impacts on daily life. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we estimated associations between each SEP indicator and each oral health outcome, adjusted for confounders. Results. Irrespective of SEP marker, there were inverse graded associations between SEP and edentulousness, with proportionately more edentate participants at each lower SEP level. Lower SEP was also associated with worse self-rated oral health and oral impacts among dentate, but not among edentate, participants. Conclusions. There are consistent and clear social gradients in the oral health of older adults in England, with disparities evident throughout the SEP hierarchy.
The Influence of Changes in Dental Care Coverage on Dental Care Utilization Among Retirees and Near-Retirees in the United States, 2004–2006
Authors: Manski Richard J. , Moeller John F. , St Clair Patricia A. , Schimmel Jody , Chen Haiyan , Pepper John V. 
Published: August 2011

Objectives. We examined dental care utilization transition dynamics between 2004 and 2006 in the context of changing dental coverage status. Methods. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study for persons aged 51 years and older to estimate a multivariable model of dental care use transitions with controls for dental coverage and retirement transitions and other potentially confounding covariates. Results. We found that Americans aged 51 years and older who lost dental coverage between the 2004 and 2006 survey periods were more likely to stop dental care use between periods, and those who gained coverage were more likely to start dental care use between periods, than those without coverage in both periods. Conclusions. Dental coverage transitions and status have a strong effect on transitions in dental care use. Given that retirement is a time when many experience a loss of dental coverage, older adults may be at risk for sporadic dental care and even stopping use, leading to worse dental and potentially overall health.
Cultural Context in the Effort to Improve Oral Health Among Alaska Native People: The Dental Health Aide Therapist Model
Authors: Wetterhall Scott , Burrus Barri , Shugars Daniel , Bader James 
Published: August 2011

The Alaska Native people in rural Alaska face serious challenges in obtaining dental care. Itinerant care models have failed to meet their needs for more than 50 years. The dental health aide therapist (DHAT) model, which entails training midlevel care providers to perform limited restorative, surgical, and preventive procedures, was adopted to address some of the limitations of the itinerant model. We used quantitative and qualitative methods to assess residents’ satisfaction with the model and the role of DHATs in the cultural context in which they operate. Our findings suggest that the DHAT model can provide much-needed access to urgent care and is beneficial from a comprehensive cultural perspective.
A Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Sensitivity of Home vs Combined Whitening
Authors: Dawson PFL , Sharif MO , Smith AB , Brunton PA 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY
This randomized clinical study assessed efficacy in terms of color change and production of sensitivity after home whitening alone and home whitening supplemented with in-office bleaching. Thirty-six subjects (aged 19 to 58 years) were randomly assigned to one of three different treatment groups: (A) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays; (B) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 9% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays); or (C) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 27% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays). The efficacy of tooth whitening was assessed by determining the color change associated with the six upper anterior teeth using a value-ordered shade guide. Sensitivity was self-assessed with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS). Tooth shade and sensitivity were assessed at the following points: pretreatment; immediately after the home whitening phase; immediately after the in-office phase (groups B and C); and one week post active treatment. At the one week follow-up visit, subjects in group A had a mean (SD) color change of 5.9 (1.83) (teeth were lighter) immediately after cessation of treatment (p&lt;0.01). Subjects in groups B and C experienced a greater change in mean (SD) shade immediately following their respective in-office treatments of 5.1 (1.53) and 5.4 (1.55). However, within one week, the shade of these teeth regressed to a similar degree to that achieved by subjects treated in group A. Overall, no significant difference in shade change or sensitivity was produced between the three groups. Investigators concluded that the in-office element of combined whitening produced no significant difference in tooth color or sensitivity when compared with home whitening alone.
An In Vitro Assessment of the Effects of Three Surface Treatments on Repair Bond Strength of Aged Composites
Authors: Kashi TS Jafarzadeh , Erfan M , Rakhshan V , Aghabaigi N , Tabatabaei FS 
Published: August 2011

Clinical Relevance
To achieve a durable composite-composite bond, it is highly recommended that besides selective grinding of the surface to be repaired, specific combinations of silane primer and bonding agent should be used, without the need for acid etching of the composite surface.