bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indications des examens radiologiques en orthopédie dento-faciale
Authors: Foucart Jean-Michel , Felizardo Rufino , Pizelle Christophe , Bourriau Jérôme 
Published: March 2012

La réduction des risques liés à l’utilisation des rayons ionisants est une préoccupation constante des praticiens mais aussi des législateurs qui ont transposé cette règle éthique dans le Code de la Santé Publique. Cette réduction des risques s’exprime à travers l’un des principes fondamentaux en radioprotection : la justification de tous les actes de radiodiagnostic. En application directe de ce principe, l’État français a publié, en 2006, un guide des indications des examens radiologiques en odontostomatologie. Néanmoins, celui-ci n’abordait que très partiellement le domaine de l’orthodontie, domaine dont les techniques radiologiques en pleine évolution rendent nécessaire une actualisation permanente des recommandations.L’objectif de cet article est donc, à partir d’une analyse systématisée et critique de la littérature, de proposer des recommandations actualisées en imagerie orthodontique.
Fish Assemblage Shifts and Population Dynamics of Smallmouth Bass in the Beaver Archipelago, Northern Lake Michigan: A Comparison between Historical and Recent Time Periods amidst Ecosystem Changes
Authors: Kaemingk Mark A. , Galarowicz Tracy L. , Clevenger John A. , Clapp David F. , Lenon Herbert L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe ecological and economic importance of Great Lakes nearshore areas and the paucity of information on nearshore Lake Michigan fish assemblages prompted us to document changes that occurred from a historical time period (1969–1972, 1975, 1977, and 1984) to a recent period (2005–2008) in a nearshore northern Lake Michigan (Beaver Archipelago) fish assemblage, with an emphasis on smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu. From historical to recent periods, the Beaver Archipelago fish assemblage shifted from predominantly brown bullheads Ameiurus nebulosus to predominantly smallmouth bass. Relative abundance of brown bullheads and white suckers Catostomus commersonii declined from historical to recent time periods, as did overall species richness. The relative abundance, recruitment variability, and mortality rates of smallmouth bass have not significantly changed since the historical time period, whereas both condition (ages 5–7) and growth (ages 2–7) of this species have significantly increased. Our results suggest that the smallmouth bass population in the Beaver Archipelago area has not been negatively affected by recent ecological changes (i.e., declining primary productivity, increasing benthic invertebrate densities, increasing numbers of double‐crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus, and increasing introductions of nonnative species). The smallmouth bass is currently the dominant nearshore species and remains a critical component of the nearshore fish assemblage in northern Lake Michigan.
Tungsten nano-tendril growth in the Alcator C-Mod divertor
Authors: Wright G.M. , Brunner D. , Baldwin M.J. , Doerner R.P. , Labombard B. , Lipschultz B. , Terry J.L. , Whyte D.G. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Growth of tungsten nano-tendrils (‘fuzz’) has been observed for the first time in the divertor region of a high-power density tokamak experiment. After 14 consecutive helium L-mode discharges in Alcator C-Mod, the tip of a tungsten Langmuir probe at the outer strike point was fully covered with a layer of nano-tendrils. The thickness of the individual nano-tendrils (50–100 nm) and the depth of the layer (600 ± 150 nm) are consistent with observations from experiments on linear plasma devices. The observation of tungsten fuzz in a tokamak may have important implications for material erosion, dust formation, divertor lifetime and tokamak operations in next-step devices.
Direct evidence of eddy breaking and tilting by edge sheared flows observed in the TEXTOR tokamak
Authors: Shesterikov I. , Xu Y. , Hidalgo C. , Berte M. , Dumortier P. , Schoor M. Van , Vergote M. , Van Oost G. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In this letter, we present direct evidence of eddy breaking and tilting events observed at the edge of the TEXTOR tokamak using a 2D gas puff imaging diagnostic. The occurrence of eddy breaking depends on the magnitude of the E

r
× B flow shearing rate. The results confirm the theoretical predictions about the influence of E

r
× B sheared flows in tilting and splitting turbulence eddies, and consequently, reducing the turbulent transport.
The efficacy of renal angioplasty in patients with renal artery stenosis and flash oedema or congestive heart failure: a systematic review
Authors: van den Berg Danielle T.N.A. , Deinum Jaap , Postma Cornelis T. , van der Wilt Geert Jan , Riksen Niels P. 
Published: March 2012

AimsRecent randomized controlled trials have reported that angioplasty does not have a beneficial effect compared with pharmacological treatment on blood pressure and renal function in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS). We aimed to explore systematically the evidence that angioplasty is effective in subgroups of patients with RAS and either flash pulmonary oedema or congestive heart failure (CHF) and renal insufficiency.Methods and resultsWe searched online databases (PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov) and references of included articles. We included 25 articles describing 79 patients with RAS and flash oedema and seven articles describing 94 patients with RAS, CHF, and renal insufficiency. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system, the quality of the evidence was, at best, low. Seventy‐six per cent of patients with flash oedema did not have any recurrence after angioplasty. Recurrence of symptoms was associated with either restenosis of the renal artery or cardiac arrhythmias in all patients. In the patients with CHF and renal insufficiency, the severity of heart failure symptoms, expressed as New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, improved after angioplasty in all included articles.ConclusionThe evidence included in this systematic review justifies a weak recommendation in favour of angioplasty in patients with atherosclerotic RAS and either flash pulmonary oedema or CHF and renal insufficiency.
Dual functional selenium-substituted hydroxyapatite
Authors: Wang Yanhua , Ma Jun , Zhou Lei , Chen Jin , Liu Yonghui , Qiu Zhiye , Zhang Shengmin 
Published: March 2012

Hydroxyapatite (HA) doped with trace elements has attracted much attention recently owing to its excellent biological functions. Herein, we use a facile co-precipitation method to incorporate selenium into HA by adding sodium selenite during synthesis. The obtained selenium-substituted HA products are needle-like nanoparticles which have size and crystallinity that are similar to those of the pure HA nanoparticles (HANs) when the selenium content is low. HANs are found to have the ability to induce the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells, and the anti-tumour effects are enhanced after incorporation of selenium. Meanwhile, the nanoparticles can also support the growth of bone marrow stem cells. Furthermore, the flow cytometric results indicate that the apoptosis induction of osteosarcoma cells is caused by the increased reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. These results show that the selenium-substituted HANs are potentially promising bone graft materials in osteosarcoma treatment due to their dual functions of supporting normal cell growth and inducing tumour cell apoptosis.
Assessing the Biosynthetic Capabilities of Secretory Glands inCitrusPeel
Authors: Voo Siau Sie , Grimes Howard D. , Lange B. Markus 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEpithelial cells (ECs) lining the secretory cavities of Citrus peel have been hypothesized to be responsible for the synthesis of essential oil, but direct evidence for such a role is currently sparse. We used laser-capture microdissection and pressure catapulting to isolate ECs and parenchyma cells (as controls not synthesizing oil) from the peel of young grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi ‘Duncan’), isolated RNA, and evaluated transcript patterns based on oligonucleotide microarrays. A Gene Ontology analysis of these data sets indicated an enrichment of genes involved in the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids and nonvolatile phenylpropanoids in ECs (when compared with parenchyma cells), thus indicating a significant metabolic specialization in this cell type. The gene expression patterns in ECs were consistent with the accumulation of the major essential oil constituents (monoterpenes, prenylated coumarins, and polymethoxylated flavonoids). Morphometric analyses demonstrated that secretory cavities are formed early during fruit development, whereas the expansion of cavities, and thus oil accumulation, correlates with later stages of fruit expansion. Our studies have laid the methodological and experimental groundwork for a vastly improved knowledge of the as yet poorly understood processes controlling essential oil biosynthesis in Citrus peel.
My Family through the Lens. Photo Interviews with Children and Sensitive Aspects of Family Life
Authors: Zartler Ulrike , Richter Rudolf 
Published: March 2012

We elaborate on an aspect of photo interviews with children that has so far not been considered sufficiently: Photographs may encourage children to talk about sensitive aspects of family life. The potential and limitations of this aspect are discussed along the lines of visibility and invisibility. Visualisations support children in verbalising their thoughts, but also stimulate narrations on issues that are not displayed. Data are drawn from interviews with fifty 10‐year‐old children who took photographs in their families, and their parents (n = 71). We conclude that visual methods and their combination with a multiple perspectives approach may generate substantial benefits in childhood and family research.
Frequency‐dependent and density‐dependent larval competition between life‐history strains of a fly, Lucilia cuprina
Authors: KERSWELL KEVEN J. , BURD MARTIN 
Published: March 2012

1. Competition was created between the larvae of two life‐history strains of the blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) that have different requirements for larval resource acquisition. Adult females of one strain had the ability to mature eggs in the absence of adult feeding (autogeny) whereas the other strain lacked this ability. Autogeny shifts the burden of resource acquisition from adults to larvae, potentially leading to greater competition at this earlier life history stage.2. A replacement series was used to determine the per‐capita competitive effect between strains relative to the intra‐strain effect, and density‐ and frequency‐dependent variation in this per‐capita effect was then evaluated. Evidence was found of competitive superiority of autogenous larvae when they occurred at a low frequency and low density, but their competitive ability was lost or reversed at higher frequencies and densities.3. A dynamic competitive environment created by frequency and density dependence can account for the maintenance of genetic diversity for major life‐history traits. Such competition may explain why autogeny is rare in field populations of L. cuprina even although underlying genetic variation for the trait seems to be present.
Generalist dung attraction response in a New Zealand dung beetle that evolved with an absence of mammalian herbivores
Authors: JONES ASHER G. , FORGIE SHAUN A. , SCOTT DAVID J. , BEGGS JACQUELINE R. 
Published: March 2012

1. Dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) are integral parts of many ecosystems because of their role in decomposition of dung; particularly mammal dung, which forms the diet of both larvae and adults.2. New Zealand dung beetles are unusual as they are flightless and evolved on islands with a highly depauperate mammal fauna and thus without the usual dung resource used by dung beetles elsewhere. The diet of New Zealand dung beetles is unknown.3. We hypothesised (1) that the endemic dung beetle Saphobius edwardsi would be attracted to a broad range of food types, and (2) that S. edwardsi would be able to survive and reproduce on a range of dung types and puriri (Vitex lucens) humus.4. Laboratory choice tests identified that S. edwardsi was attracted to a range of mammal, bird, invertebrate, and reptile dung types, but not to non‐dung food sources. Five‐month no‐choice tests found that beetle survival rates were lower for beetles fed with humus compared with those fed on mammal, bird, or invertebrate dung. None of the beetles reproduced.5. This study suggests S. edwardsi have a strong preference for dung, and are likely to be broad dung generalists in their feeding behaviour.
Application of r/K selection to macroinvertebrate responses to extreme floods
Authors: CHIU MING‐CHIH , KUO MEI‐HWA 
Published: March 2012

1. Due to climate change, contemporary climate scenarios forecast an increase in extreme weather, which may have considerable impacts on the world's riverine ecosystems. Because the flow regime is a primary determinant of the structure and function of lotic ecosystems, changes in the weather could fundamentally alter these ecosystems through changes in hydrologic disturbance regimes.2. In this paper, we use the abundance/biomass comparison (ABC) method, based on r/K selection theory, and event probability distribution to characterise the responses of macroinvertebrates in Taiwan mountain streams to extreme floods.3. Severe impacts on macroinvertebrates, resulting in a large shift in community structure toward r‐selected taxa, usually were observed the year after extreme floods.4. Macroinvertebrate communities dominated by K‐selected taxa had more individuals with traits conferring resistance to flooding disturbance, while those dominated byr‐selected taxa had more individuals with traits conferring resilience.5. This relationship between the changes in flow regime and the ecological response of r‐ and K‐selected taxa may be exploited to understand the potential effects of flood extremes in the future, and to keep decision makers informed about the ecological consequences of climate‐mediated changes to hydrological regimes.
Suppression of bladder overactivity and oxidative stress by the phytotherapeutic agent, Eviprostat, in a rat model of atherosclerosis‐induced chronic bladder ischemia
Authors: Matsui Takahiro , Oka Michiko , Fukui Tomomi , Tanaka Mitsushi , Oyama Tatsuya , Sagawa Koji , Nomiya Masanori , Yamaguchi Osamu 
Published: March 2012

Objectives:  To clarify the mechanism by which chronic bladder ischemia causes bladder functional changes, and to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and the effects of the phytotherapeutic drug, Eviprostat, on these biochemical marker levels and bladder function.Methods:  Male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 15 weeks were divided into three groups. Arterial injury was experimentally induced by balloon endothelial injury of the iliac arteries, and a 2% cholesterol diet was given for 8 weeks. Rats in the arterial‐injury group were given daily oral vehicle or Eviprostat, whereas sham‐operated animals on a regular diet (0.09% cholesterol) were given vehicle for the last 2 weeks. Eight weeks after surgery, the levels of bladder pro‐inflammatory cytokines, as well as bladder and urinary oxidative‐stress markers, were determined. Cystometrograms were carried out without anesthesia or restraint.Results:  Bladder and urinary oxidative‐stress markers, and bladder pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased in the arterial‐injury group, and Eviprostat markedly suppressed these increase. The cystometrograms showed that arterial injury decreased the intermicturition interval without affecting the micturition pressure. This decrease was reversed by Eviprostat treatment.Conclusions:  Oxidative stress and pro‐inflammatory cytokines might be involved in the development of overactive bladder by atherosclerosis‐induced chronic bladder ischemia. Eviprostat might provide an attractive treatment option for individuals with bladder dysfunction due to chronic bladder ischemia because of its anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties.
Venous thromboembolism and cancer
Authors: MacLellan Donald G. , Richardson Arthur , Stoodley Marcus A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:  Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in the hospitalized patient. This is particularly evident in patients with cancer who are exposed to a four‐ to sixfold increased risk of VTE compared with those patients without cancer.Methods:  A review of the current literature was undertaken on prophylaxis and management of VTE in patients with cancer.Results:  Primary VTE prophylaxis is recognized to be the single most effective strategy that improves patient safety. Many clinical trials have demonstrated the benefit of primary prophylaxis for patients with cancer and evidence‐based, best practice guidelines for specific subgroups of patients with cancer are well accepted by most clinicians. Despite this, many patients at high risk for VTE either receive no VTE prophylaxis or are exposed to VTE complications due to sub‐optimal prophylaxis. Implementation of best practice guidelines still falls far short of clinical acceptable levels for VTE prophylaxis and management.Conclusion:  VTE prevention in patients with cancer results in reduced morbidity and mortality, outcomes that are unquestionably attainable. This review of the current evidence supporting VTE prophylaxis in patients with cancer will hopefully act as a stimulus to provide patients with cancer access to the best, evidence‐based, thromboprophylactic management available.
Language and disadvantage: a comparison of the language abilities of adolescents from two different socioeconomic areas
Authors: Spencer Sarah , Clegg Judy , Stackhouse Joy 
Published: March 2012

Background: It is recognized that children from areas associated with socioeconomic disadvantage are at an increased risk of delayed language development. However, so far research has focused mainly on young children and there has been little investigation into language development in adolescence.Aims: To investigate the language abilities of adolescents from two different socioeconomic areas. The paper aims to determine if a higher proportion of adolescents from an area of socioeconomic disadvantage have low language scores when compared with adolescents from a relatively advantaged area.Methods & Procedures: Six standardized language assessments were used to measure expressive and receptive language skills across vocabulary, syntax and narrative in two cohorts of 13 and 14 year olds: one cohort attending a school in an area of socioeconomic disadvantage (103 participants) and the other cohort attending a school in an area of relative socioeconomic advantage (48 participants).Outcomes & Results: The cohort from the area of disadvantage performed significantly lower than the assessments’ normative mean on all measures of language ability. There were significant differences between the two cohorts on four of the six language measures. More adolescents from the school in the area of socioeconomic disadvantage had standardized assessment scores that suggest hitherto undetected language difficulties.Conclusions & Implications: Results suggest that socioeconomic background is associated with language ability in adolescence as measured by standardized tests. In particular, adolescents from an area of socioeconomic disadvantage were at risk of low vocabulary scores. The advantages and disadvantages of using standardized language assessments are discussed and the implications for clinical and educational practice and for school level policies are highlighted.
Externality‐Correcting Taxes and Regulation*
Authors: Christiansen Vidar , Smith Stephen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn much of the literature on externalities, taxes and direct regulation have been considered as alternative policy instruments. Both instruments might be imperfect in practice, reflecting informational deficiencies and other limitations. We analyse the use of taxes and regulation in combination, to control externalities arising from individual consumption behaviour. We consider the cases either where taxes are imperfectly differentiated to reflect individual differences in externalities, or where some consumption escapes taxation. In both cases, we characterize the optimal instrument mix, and we show how changing the level of direct regulation alters the optimal externality tax.
The Location Choices of Foreign Investors: A District‐level Analysis in India
Authors: Mukim Megha , Nunnenkamp Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper analyses the determinants of the location choices made by foreign investors at the district level in India to gauge the relative importance of economic geography factors, local business conditions, institutional conditions and the presence of previous foreign investors. We employ a discrete‐choice model and Poisson regressions to control for the potential violation of the assumption of independence of irrelevant alternatives. Our sample includes about 19,500 foreign investment projects approved in 447 districts from 1991 to 2005. We find that foreign investors strongly prefer locations where other foreign investors are. This effect is significantly positive and robust across different years, sectors and different types of foreign direct investment (FDI). Moreover, path dependence remains significantly positive when controlling for institutional conditions at the state and district level. Foreign investors tend to follow not only previous investors from the same country of origin but also investors from other countries of origin. They are also attracted to industrially diverse locations and to districts with better infrastructure and institutional conditions, although these findings are less robust. Surprisingly, districts in the neighbourhood of large metro areas do not benefit, in terms of attracting more FDI, from having easier access to these markets than remote Indian districts. On the contrary, our results suggest that large metro areas divert FDI projects away from neighbouring districts, thereby perpetuating or even widening the urban–rural divide. We conclude that the concentration of FDI in a few locations could fuel regional divergence in post‐reform India.
Does EU Enlargement Increase Agro‐Food Export Duration?
Authors: Bojnec Štefan , Fertő Imre 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of EU enlargement on agro‐food export performance across 12 new EU member states and five newly independent states in the EU markets covering the period 1999 to 2007. The performance is examined by duration of export and hazard model. We find larger duration for the agro‐food exports from the new EU member states. The results confirm gains from the eastward EU enlargement and governance on export increases and longer duration for exporting higher value‐added specialized consumer‐ready food and more competitive niche agro‐food products.