bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Food Safety and Its Effects on Human Health in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Anisa , Asghar Kanwal , Anjum Farkhanda , Riaz Ayesha 
Published: April 2024

Food safety is ultimate human right for the survival of human life. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are at the risk of risk of consuming contaminated food. Every year, millions of people become ill, and hundreds of thousands die due to underprivileged safety of food. Microbial, chemical, personal and environmental hygiene are all challenges for food from farm to fork/plate. The current study was conducted in Punjab province to investigate to assess peoples’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding food safety at domestic level, as well as potential health hazards due to insufficient food safety practices. Sample of 700 women in three districts in Pakistan's Punjab province: Hafizabad, Rawalpindi, and Multan were selected. For analyzing the quantitative data we utilized, bivariate analysis techniques. Specifically, we employed the Chi-square test to assess the degree of significance. Additionally, researcher used the Somers'd and Gamma tests to determine the strength of association. The major findings reveal a strong link between all socioeconomic and cultural variables (i.e. monthly income, education, food preparation at home, food management at home, consumption behavior, willingness to buy, risk perception, influence of media and health effects) and women's attitudes toward acquiring knowledge and practicing food safety to maintain their health. The public was concerned about food safety and handling standards. It was discovered that television could be effective tool for disseminating information about food safety to the general public. The frequency of food preparation at home also contributes to shaping attitudes, with more frequent home preparation leading to more favorable views on food safety practices.
Analisis Pengaruh Design Pattern Terhadap Pemeliharaan Perangkat Lunak Learning Management System
Authors: Kevin Albertus , Kurniawan Hans Christian 
Published: April 2024

Pengembangan perangkat lunak lebih berfokus pada fungsionalitas sehingga kualitas kode diabaikan. Pola desain dapat mendukung pengembangan yang lebih cepat sambil mendukung kualitas kode yang baik sehingga mempengaruhi pemeliharaan perangkat lunak jangka panjang. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis pengaruh pola desain terhadap pemeliharaan perangkat lunak dengan perangkat lunak open source learning management system ditinjau dari karakteristik pola desain. Lima pola desain diterapkan kemudian dilakukan analisis untuk menilai metode implementasi dan karakteristik pola desain. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan PHP Metrics. Terdapat sembilan metrik untuk mengukur kompleksitas, ukuran, kohesi, dan dependabilitas setiap class. Secara keseluruhan, pola desain memiliki dampak yang baik. Template method dan mediator memiliki dampak yang baik pada kohesi, ukuran, ketergantungan, dan kompleksitas. Singleton menambah jumlah class. Pembangun dan strategi tidak memiliki banyak pengaruh dalam hal ukuran dan kompleksitas. Setiap pola desain menghasilkan class baru sehingga kompleksitas, ketergantungan, dan ukuran kode diabstraksikan ke dalam class tersebut.

Software development focuses more on functionality so code quality is neglected. Design patterns can support faster development while supporting good code quality thus affecting long-term software maintenance. This research focuses on analyzing the effect of design patterns on software maintenance with open-source learning management system software in terms of design pattern characteristics. Five design patterns were applied and analyzed to assess the implementation method and design pattern characteristics. Testing is done using PHP Metrics. There are nine metrics to measure the complexity, size, cohesion, and dependability of each class. Overall, the design pattern had a good impact. Method templates and mediators have a good impact on cohesion, size, dependability, and complexity. Singletons increased the number of classes. Builders and strategies don't have much impact on size and complexity. Each design pattern generates a new class, so the complexity, dependencies, and size of the code are abstracted into that class.
Antena Mikrostrip Triple-Band untuk Aplikasi LTE dan L-Band Radar
Authors: Hilyawan Mohamad Reynaldy , Alam Syah , Surjati Indra 
Published: April 2024

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan antena mikrostrip dengan menggunakan metode inset dan slot. Penelitian ini mengusulkan antena mikrostrip dengan tiga frekuensi kerja yaitu 1,3 GHz untuk aplikasi radar serta 1,8 dan 2,6 GHz untuk aplikasi 4G LTE. Untuk memenuhi usulan tersebut jenis substrat yang digunakan yaitu FR4 dengan nilai 4,3 untuk ɛr dan 1,6 milimeter untuk h. Penelitian ini menghasilkan desain tahap awal antena mikrostrip dual band yang bekerja pada frekuensi 1,8 dan 2,6 GHz untuk aplikasi 4G LTE. Selanjutnya, penambahan metode T-slot dan U-slot yang diusulkan untuk menghasilkan frekuensi resonansi di 1,3 GHz untuk aplikasi radar. Hasil return loss pada metode inset yaitu -20,76 dB pada frekuensi 1,79 GHz dan -20,20 dB pada frekuensi 2,60 GHz. Penambahan T-slot dengan parameter inset tetap mendapatkan hasil -11,66 dB pada frekuensi 1,37 GHz, -17,31 dB pada frekuensi 1,95 GHz, dan -20,56 dB pada frekuensi 2,59 GHz, kemudian penambahan U-slot terbalik mendapatkan nilai -33,49 dB pada frekuensi 1,30 GHz, -22,13 dB pada frekuensi 1,80 GHz dan -21,36 dB pada frekuensi 2,59 GHz. Hasil simulasi diperoleh bandwidth dari frekuensi kerja pada iterasi ketiga adalah 1,04 %, 2,22 % dan 1,18 %. Penelitian ini disimulasikan dan didesain dengan software Simulator. Penelitian ini dapat direkomendasikan sebagai sistem komunikasi radar dan LTE.

In this research, microstrip antenna design is carried out using the inset and slot methods. This research proposes a microstrip antenna with three working frequencies, namely 1.3 GHz for radar applications and 1.8 and 2.6 GHz for 4G LTE applications. To fulfill the proposal, the type of substrate used is FR4 with a value of 4.3 for ɛr and 1.6 millimeters for h. This research resulted in the initial design of a dual-band microstrip antenna that works at frequencies of 1.8 and 2.6 GHz for 4G LTE applications. Furthermore, the proposed T-slot and U-slot methods are added to generate a resonant frequency at 1.3 GHz for radar applications. The return loss results in the inset method are -20.76 dB at 1.79 GHz and -20.20 dB at 2.60 GHz. The addition of T-slot with fixed inset parameters results in -11.66 dB at 1.37 GHz, -17.31 dB at 1.95 GHz, and -20.56 dB at 2.59 GHz, then the addition of inverted U-slot results in -33.49 dB at 1.30 GHz, -22.13 dB at 1.80 GHz and -21.36 dB at 2.59 GHz. The simulation results obtained bandwidth of the working frequency at the third iteration are 1.04%, 2.22% and 1.18%. This research is simulated and designed with Simulator software. This research can be recommended as a radar and LTE communication system.
Perancangan Aplikasi Split Bill dengan Transfer Antar Dompet Digital
Authors: Hakim Bhustomy , Hendri Glenda Jocelyn , Petrisa Sisilia 
Published: April 2024

Dengan berkembangnya teknologi saat ini, ekonomi digital juga semakin berkembang. Survey Katadata mengenai pilihan metode pembayaran online yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat, dompet digital sukses digunakan. Dompet digital mengalahkan metode bank dan tunai. Alasan penggunaan dompet digital tersebut antara lain praktis, mudah, banyak promosi, dan efisien. Tak jarang seseorang dapat melakukan top-up pada masing-masing dompet digital agar dapat memilih penawaran yang lebih menguntungkan baginya. Namun, terdapat masalah dalam transfer antar dompet digital. Di antaranya adalah kasus split bill dari sekelompok orang yang memiliki dompet digital yang berbeda. Biaya administrasinya bila diakumulasikan bisa mencapai milyaran rupiah per bulan. Fenomena ini dirasa tidak sepadan bagi masyarakat Indonesia, terutama masyarakat kecil, jika uangnya digunakan untuk biaya administrasi. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, diperlukan sebuah aplikasi transfer saldo antar dompet digital secara gratis sehingga dapat meringankan pengguna dalam melakukan transfer saldo tanpa biaya administrasi. Dengan menggunakan metode pengembangan sistem prototyping dan responsive web sebagai basis dari aplikasinya diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menawarkan proses bisnis yang menjadi jawaban dari masalah transfer antar dompet digital ini. Pada penelitian ini dirancang proses bisnis, alur fitur, dan tampilan aplikasi.

With the development of technology today, the digital economy is also growing. Katadata's survey on the choice of online payment methods made by the public found that digital wallets were successfully used. Digital wallets beat bank and cash methods. The reasons for using digital wallets include practicality, convenience, promotions, and efficiency. It is not uncommon for a person to top-up each digital wallet in order to choose the offer that is more favorable for him. However, there are problems in transferring between digital wallets. Among them is the case of split bills from a group of people who have different digital wallets. When accumulated, administrative costs can reach billions of rupiah per month. This phenomenon is not worth it for Indonesian people, especially small communities if their money is used for administrative costs. Therefore, to overcome this problem, a free balance transfer application between digital wallets is needed to relieve users in making balance transfers without administrative costs. This research is expected to offer a business process that answers the problem of transferring between digital wallets by using the prototyping system development method and responsive web as the basis of the application. The business process, feature flow, and application appearance are designed in this research.
Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem Multi-Access Edge Computing dengan Use Case Face Mask Detection pada Open RAN SmartLab Politeknik Negeri Jakarta
Authors: Mayanti Akita Hasna , Nugroho Raviadin , Wulandari Asri , Hikmaturokhman Alfin 
Published: April 2024

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) telah muncul sebagai topik hangat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir yang bertepatan dengan kemajuan teknologi jaringan 5G. MEC yang dirancang memanfaatkan infrastruktur jaringan pada SmartLab Politeknik Negeri Jakarta. MEC dibangun dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi latency dan mempercepat transfer data antara perangkat dan server untuk mendukung proses pembelajaran pada SmartLab Politeknik Negeri Jakarta. Sistem ini dibangun dengan menggunakan jaringan Open RAN dan server sebagai platform MEC untuk memproses konten dengan komputasi tepi terdistribusi yang berjalan di atas infrastruktur virtualisasi dan terletak di tepi jaringan. Use case face mask detection secara real-time diakses ketika use case sedang running. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menentukan skenario implementasi dan membandingkan downlink, uplink, dan latency sebagai parameter perbandingan multi-access edge computing. Keberhasilan use case face mask detection pada infrastruktur MEC juga dilihat. Setelah menjalankan skenario pengujian, didapatkan hasil bahwa multi-access edge computing memiliki nilai maksimal untuk downlink sebesar 21,70 Mbps, nilai uplink maksimal 22,70 Mbps, dan nilai latency maksimal sebesar 15 ms. Selain itu, implementasi use case face mask detection pada skenario pengujian berhasil dijalankan pada infrastuktur MEC.

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) has emerged as a hot topic in recent years which coincides with the advancement of 5G network technology. The designed MEC utilizes the network infrastructure in the SmartLab of Politeknik Negeri Jakarta. MEC is built to reduce latency and accelerate data transfer between devices and servers to support the learning process at SmartLab Politeknik Negeri Jakarta. The system uses an Open RAN network and server as an MEC platform to process content with distributed edge computing running on top of virtualization infrastructure and located at the network edge. The face mask detection use case is accessed in real time when the use case is running. Tests were conducted by defining implementation scenarios and comparing downlink, uplink, and latency as multi-access edge computing comparison parameters. The success of the face mask detection use case on the MEC infrastructure is also examined. After running the test scenario, it was found that multi-access edge computing has a maximum value for downlink of 21.70 Mbps, a maximum uplink value of 22.70 Mbps, and a maximum latency value of 15 ms. In addition, the face mask detection use case implementation in the test scenario was successfully run on the MEC infrastructure.
How to Improve the Performance of Elderly Care facility Embedded in Communities？—Case Study from Two Districts of Hangzhou, China
Authors: Huang Lu , Dai Xiaoling 
Published: April 2024

China's population is ageing, and urban centres have high densities of older people.The Zhejiang Provincial Government has proposed that ‘institutions should follow the elderly’, requiring that not only the number of beds per 1,000 elderly persons should be counted, but also the distance between the facilities and the homes of the elderly should be taken into account.Applying both the new supply capacity calculations and the old calculations shows that the number of beds in elderly care facility(ECF) in Up-town District is well below the planning requirements.However, the occupancy data collected from the actual research shows that there are many elderly care facilities with a certain percentage of vacancies.This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of six of these facilities and finds that facility location, space quality, and quality of operational services, all affect occupancy rates.The study reminds the government to pay attention not only to the location of facilities, but also to the service quality of existing facilities. Finally, two dimensions of coping strategies are proposed.
Effect of injection compound rolling process and curdlan gel on water retention of sauced beef
Authors: Lv Qihang , Liu Wendong , Xing Yanxia , Liu Sheng , Chang Guifang , Yu Yang , Cao Zhenling , Zhou Ying , Li Bo , Song Yue , Hou Wenbo , Zhu He , Zhu Mengliu 
Published: April 2024

Research background and significance: Under the current development trend in the field of global food science and technology, consumers' requirements for food safety, nutritional value and sensory quality are increasing, prompting the innovation of food processing and preservation technology to become the core of the industry development. In the production of traditional food spiced beef, how to ensure the yield and quality of spiced beef is the focus of the spiced beef market. By adding edible glue can gain weight, thereby improving the yield, but previous studies have shown that carrageenan, seaweed extract and so on seriously affect the sensory quality of marinated beef, especially causing its juice oozing, colloidal attachments oozing and so on. Research content: Through the systematic study of the application of curdlan gel in the processing of brine injection spiced beef, the specific effects of curdlan gel on the water retention and sensory quality of spiced beef were discussed in this study. (1) Sensory optimization injection rolling composite curing process. The experiment was carried out with beef tendinous meat and a series of auxiliary materials, using fine processes and methods, including saline injection, rolling salting, cooking treatment, etc., and then conducting sensory evaluation. (2) Compare the quality difference of curdlan gel 1 and 2. Determination of gel strength and optimization of water retention of stewed beef were carried out. Single factor ANOVA test was used to determine the optimal dosage of curdlan gel. The results showed that the water retention of beef with brine injection could be enhanced significantly when the dosage was 2%, respectively. Under the optimal process conditions, the sensory score of brined beef was 85.4 points. Through this study, important scientific and technological findings were obtained, which did not mean that the higher the concentration of curdlan gel, the better the water retention, on the contrary, the higher the concentration of its water retention would be affected but would decrease. This research not only expands the application range of curdlan gel in the food industry, but also provides new technical solutions and theoretical support for the innovation and development of meat processing technology, and meets the needs of consumers for high-quality meat products.
Research on health expenditure in Kazakhstan
Authors: ZHAO Fangzheng , CHE Jinfeng , Jiawei WEI , LIU Zhangchen , LI Jing , ZHENIS Aliya 
Published: April 2024

Objective To understand and study Kazakhstan's resource planning and budget allocation in the field of health care through data related to Kazakhstan's health expenditure, to ensure the sustainable development of the health field between China and Kazakhstan, and to promote the medical and health undertakings among countries along the Belt and Road Initiative. Learn from each other's strengths and complement each other's weaknesses to promote cooperation. Methods Using the literature review method and comparative method, the per capita health expenditure in Kazakhstan and the other five Central Asian countries and China from 2001 to 2021 was compared with the proportion of GDP per capita, the proportion of self-pay expenditure in per capita health expenditure, and the total government health expenditure in the country. The proportion of GDP, per capita health expenditure and its proportion to per capita GDP, and the average actual growth average of per capita government health transfer expenditure and self-pay expenditure are compared with each other's medical and health security systems, health expenditures, national health levels and health resources. Results From 2001 to 2021, Kazakhstan's per capita health expenditure accounted for per capita GDP fluctuated between 2% and 4%, while other countries had growth trends of varying degrees. China's growth trend was relatively stable; Kazakhstan's per capita out- of -pocket health expenditure grew on average. The value is the lowest, only 1.05%, and the growth of government health transfer expenditures is at a medium level; the proportion of Kazakhstan's self-pay expenditures in per capita health expenditures and the proportion of total government health expenditures in GDP are also at a medium level. Conclusion (a) Kazakhstan's medical and health security system has certain effectiveness, and China's medical and health security system also has its advantages. There is a need for in-depth cooperation and development between China and Kazakhstan. (b)Kazakhstan needs to maintain a low proportion of per capita health expenditure in per capita GDP. The low growth rate of self-pay health expenditure and the low proportion of self-pay expenditure in per capita health expenditure are conducive to maintaining social equity and social welfare levels. (c)It is necessary for Kazakhstan to increase investment in the health field, promote medical research and innovation, and deepen cooperation in the medical and health field with countries along the "Belt and Road".
Editorial
Authors: Ahmed Tahera 
Published: April 2024

Dear Members of Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics
Greetings! Hope all of you are keeping safe and having vaccines in this pandemic situation. Many have been affected either directly or through the sufferings of family and friends. In spite of all these we are going ahead. Let us all hope and try for a bright future.
This issue of BJB looks into the relationship between Bioethics and terminally ill patients.
Teenager’s Mental Health Status During COVID-19 in Bangladesh
Authors: Turna Tribenee Mithila , Lasker Shamima Parvin 
Published: April 2024

The outbreak of COVID-19 might not have a homogeneous dispersion of its own adverse consequences. Adolescents in the least developed country including Bangladesh who are already underprivileged or fragile predicted to suffer substantial damage and mental health disorders during COVID-19. Adolescents and their families might suffer significantly from a variety of mental health pressures like mood disorders, anxiety, stress, loneliness, depression, and suicidal tendency for children. A systemic literature review throughout PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline was done to evaluate the research, which covered the years between 2020 and 2022. This manuscript emphasizes how COVID-19 harms children’s mental health. Finally, suggestions for parental care, and mental health care for young children are given. Future studies will concentrate on how well age-appropriate, evidence-based mental health services work.
Tinjauan Hadits Dan Perspektif Ulama Terkait Membaca Do’a Ketika Berhubungan Seksual
Authors: Ana Nor Laily  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This research reviews the importance of reading basmallah and prayers during sexual intercourse. This research aims to find out how the hadith regulates the manners and ethics of sexual relations that educate husbands and wives in carrying out sexual relations. This research uses empirical research methods, using data collection techniques, namely literature studies that examine literature reviews, journals and hadiths that examine etiquette and ethics in sexual relations and the wisdom contained in etiquette and ethics in sexual relations. This research can be concluded that etiquette when engaging in sexual intercourse has a priority, including avoiding being disturbed by demons during sexual intercourse. And children who are the result of sexual relations are protected from demonic interference.
Keywords: Manners And Ethics, husband and wife, pray

Abstrak
Penelitian ini meninjau pentingnya membaca basmallah dan do’a saat melakukan hubungan seksual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hadits mengatur adab dan etika berhubungan seksual yang mengedukasi para suami dan istri dalam melakukan hubungan seksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiris, dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu studi pustaka yang menelaah literature review, jurnal dan hadits yang menelaah tentang adab dan etika dalam berhubungan seksual dan hikmah yang terkandung dalam adab dan etika berhubungan seksual. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa adab saat melakukan hubungan seksual memliki keutamaan diantaranya agar tidak diganggu setan saat melakukan hubungan seksual tersebut. Dan anak yang menjadi hasil dari hubungan seksual tersebut dilindungi dari gangguan setan.
Kata kunci: Adab dan etika, Suami Istri, Do’a