bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A8: Deregulated microRNAs associated with cervical cancer metastasis
Authors: Wong Y.F. , Cheung T.H. , Yim S.F. , Man M.K.N. , Lau T.S. , Chan M.K.L. , Chung T.K.H. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A8
Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignancy in Hong Kong. The identification of pretreatment markers with predictive significance for the presence of lymph node metastasis in low stage of cervical cancer is clinically important. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of 21 to 24 nt that regulate the expression of target genes in a post-transcriptional manner. Recent evidence indicates that miRNAs play essential roles in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. This study was to evaluate the deregulated miRNAs associated with cervical cancer metastasis. A total of 20 cervical squamous cell carcinomas, in which 10 had pathologically confirmed lymph node metastasis and 10 no metastasis, were included in the study. RNAs were extracted from microdissected tumor tissue specimens. Real-time reverse transcription PCR technology-based miRNA array enabling quantitation of 365 human mature miRNAs, was used to profile global miRNA expression in cervical cancer. dChip software was used for biostatistical analysis of data. Global miRNA expression data obtained from all 20 arrays were normalized, and then the corresponding model-based expression index was calculated. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of data showed a distinct separation between cancers in the presence and absence of lymph node metastasis. Supervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that of 13 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs, 10 miRNAs including miR-137 (4.76-fold), miR-203 (3.82-fold), miR-594 (3.58-fold), miR-149 (3.05-fold), mir-365 (2.61-fold), miR-556 (2.43-fold), miR-33 (2.32-fold), miR-627 (2.12-fold), miR-20a (2.05-fold) and mir-653 (2.04-fold) were up-regulated and 3 miRNAs including miR-187 (-4.31), miR-4095p (-2.65-fold) and miR-615 (-2.1-fold) were down-regulated in the cervical squamous cell carcinomas with lymph node metastasis compared to that without metastasis. The results obtained from this preliminary study indicate that the deregulation of miRNAs appears to be involved in the cervical cancer progression, and miRNA expression signature can be of potential importance as predictive biomarker in cervical cancer metastasis. Further validation of such microRNA pattern by the testing set and an independent cohort of patients with cervical cancer as well as the functional study of these deregulated miRNAs are ongoing.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A8.
Abstract B114: Soy isoflavones mediated inhibition of DLD-1 human colon adenocarcinoma cells is associated with up-regulation of estrogen receptor-β expression
Authors: Raju Jayadev , Bielecki Agnieszka , Roberts Jennifer , Mehta Rekha 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B114
We have previously demonstrated that soy isoflavones elicit a colon cancer preventive effect when exposed throughout the lifetime of rats, inclusive of in utero and post-natal stages using an experimental model. We also showed that soy isoflavones increased the expression of colon tumor estrogen receptor (ER)-β, one of the main candidates in endocrine disruption during colon carcinogenesis. To further understand the relationship between the role of soy isoflavones and ER-β in colon carcinogenesis, we examined the effects of soy isoflavones in DLD-1 human colon adenocarcinoma cells in the presence of ER-β or when expression was decreased by RNA interference (siRNA) in vitro. DLD-1 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of soy isoflavones composed of genistein, daidzein and glycitein at a ratio of 1:1:0.2 representing human soy isoflavone-rich food intake. Markers of cell signaling were determined following treatment with or without soy isoflavones in the presence or absence of ER-β gene silencing. Soy isoflavones inhibited the growth of DLD-1 cells dose dependently, with an IC50 for cytotoxicity at 24.82 µg/mL and an IC50 for cell viability at 17.01 µg/mL. At sub-cytotoxic doses, soy isoflavones modulated the expression of markers associated with MAP kinase, AKT and NFκB signalling pathways, cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation, all conducive to a growth restrictive effect. A 75% knockdown of ER-β at the gene and protein level was achieved in DLD-1 cells using siRNA, and this caused a differential expression of the molecular markers studied above. Our results suggest that ER-β appears crucial in mediating the growth suppressive effects of soy isoflavones. ER-β may play an important role in the action of several endocrine disruptors including food chemical contaminants during colon carcinogenesis.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B114.
Abstract B117: Methylseleninic acid inhibits HIF-1α in hormone refractory prostate cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Sinha Raghu , Sinha Indu , Null Kevin , King Tonya , Wolter William , Suckow Mark 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B117
There is a need to prevent the recurrence of the residual hormone refractory prostate cancer following a radical prostectomy. Till date, the approaches to effectively control the recurrence are not successful. To use an alternative strategy, we investigated the efficacy of methylseleninic acid (MSeA), a potent selenium compound, to inhibit growth of hormone refractory prostate adenocarcinoma (PAIII) cells. These PAIII cells were derived from a metastatic prostate tumor produced spontaneously in a Lobund-Wistar (LW) rat. Our results demonstrate that MSeA inhibits PAIII cell growth in vitro as measured by MTT assay and it induces apoptosis in these cells in a dose-dependent manner as evidenced by PARP-cleavage. Additionally, markers of survival and proliferation (p-AKT, PCNA) are reduced in PAIII cells in a dose-dependent treatment by MSeA. One of the key factors involved in progression of androgen independent prostate cancers, Aurora-B kinase is decreased in MSeA-treated PAIII cells. Hypoxia is a key regulatory factor in prostate cancer and compromised oxygenation of tumor tissue plays a role in the aggressive nature of PAIII tumors in LW rats. In MSeA-treated PAIII cells, the nuclear hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) levels are decreased in a dose-dependent manner. We have further verified reduction in weights of subcutaneous tumors produced by PAIII cells pre-treated with MSeA in LW rats. The current study illustrates the efficacy of MSeA in controlling growth of hormone refractory prostate cancer in vitro.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B117.
Abstract B124: A prospective study of one-carbon metabolism biomarkers and risk of renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: Gibson Todd , Weinstein Stephanie , Mayne Susan , Selhub Jacob , Taylor Philip , Pfeiffer Ruth , Virtamo Jarmo , Albanes Demetrius , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B124

Background
Folate and other one-carbon nutrients have been hypothesized to play a role in carcinogenesis. No studies have examined biomarkers for nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods
We conducted a nested case-control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, a prospective study of Finnish male smokers aged 50-69 years. The Finnish population does not have mandatory folic acid fortification of the food supply. Prediagnostic folate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate (vitamin B6), vitamin B12, cysteine, riboflavin and homocysteine concentrations were measured in fasting serum from 224 incident RCC cases and 224 controls. Controls were alive and cancer-free at date of case diagnosis, and were matched to cases on age and date of baseline serum collection. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for smoking, body mass index, leisure physical activity, and dietary intake of fat, protein, methionine, and energy.

Results
Subjects with clinically deficient folate status (≤3ng/ml) had a significantly increased RCC risk compared to subjects with adequate status (&gt;3 ng/ml) (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.06-2.65). When analyzed in quartiles, serum folate also was inversely associated with RCC (highest vs. lowest quartile, OR=0.67, 95% CI 0.37-1.20, P-trend=0.19). The other one-carbon metabolism biomarkers were not associated with RCC risk. An analysis that included all biomarkers showed a non-significant reduced risk for the a priori expected lowest risk profile (above the median in all biomarkers and below the median for homocysteine) compared to all other subjects (OR=0.24, CI 0.05-1.13). Restricting the analysis to cases diagnosed after at least two years of follow-up did not appreciably change the risk estimates.

Conclusions
Our study in male smokers suggests that inadequate folate status may be associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma. This suggestive association with RCC warrants further exploration in other epidemiologic studies that include women and non-smokers.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B124.
Abstract B145: Association between physical activity, sleep duration, and cancer risk among women in Washington County, MD: A prospective cohort study
Authors: James McClain , Clipp Sandra , Hoffman-Bolton Judith , Helzlsouer Kathy , Visvanathan Kala 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B145

Background
Physical activity is known to be protective for multiple cancers including breast. Modulation of hormonal factors such as leptin, ghrelin, and hyperinsulinemia as well as energy balance and BMI are thought to play a protective role. Short duration of sleep appears to have an opposite effect on many of these factors.

Methods
In a population based prospective cohort (CLUE II), we assessed the association between physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), sleep duration, and incidence of first cancer (all-site) in women. 5968 adult females who answered questions on sleep and physical activity on a 1998 follow up questionnaire were included in the study population. Incident cases were identified through linkage of cohort participants with the Washington County Cancer Registry and Maryland State Cancer Registry. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models. All statistical tests were two sided.

Results
During 9.6 years of follow up, 604 1st incident cancer cases including 186 breast cancers were diagnosed. Overall cancer risk (HR=0.80, 95% CI 0.68, 0.95) and breast cancer risk (HR=0.75, 95% CI 0.55, 1.01) were significantly reduced among women in the upper 50% of PAEE compared to the lower. Sleep duration was not significantly associated with overall or breast cancer risk in adjusted HR models, but with an increase in colon cancer risk (HR = 1.72, 95% CI 0.99, 2.78) though the sample size was small. Excluding elderly women (&gt; 65 yrs in 1998) who may have different sleep patterns, sleep duration [≥ 7hrs/day vs. &lt; 7hrs/day] significantly modified the association between PAEE [upper vs. lower 50%] and overall cancer risk (p interaction=0.014). A 1.5 fold increase in cancer risk (HR=1.47, 95% CI 1.05, 2.06) was observed among women ≤ 65 years in the upper 50% of PAEE who did not have sufficient sleep (&lt; 7 hrs/day).

Conclusions
Increased PAEE was protective for cancer risk irrespective of age. In addition insufficient sleep may modify the observed protective effect of increased PAEE on cancer incidence among young and middle aged women.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B145.
Abstract B19: Aromatase inhibitor therapy, musculoskeletal symptoms and associations with vitamin D and C-reactive protein concentrations
Authors: Helzlsouer Kathy , Gallicchio Lisa , Wood Bethany , Kalesan Bindu , Appling Susan , Rushovich Errol , Fedarko Neal 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B19

Background
Aromatase inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of post-menopausal breast cancer. Arthralgias and myalgias are major side effects. A case-control study was conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms among women treated with aromatase inhibitors compared to women without a history of cancer and to examine the associations between symptoms and concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, and serum vitamin D for clues to their underlying etiology.

Methods
Cases were women undergoing adjuvant treatment for breast cancer with aromatase inhibitors (n = 102). Controls were women without a history of cancer (n = 146). Questionnaires assessed the presence, severity, and location of joint, muscle and bone pain. Participants with pain were asked to rate their pain on average, as well as the degree of pain at its worst, by marking a visual analogue scale. A blood sample was collected and processed within 4 hours of collection with serum stored at -70 degrees centigrade until assayed for vitamin D and CRP concentrations. Analyses were conducted using chi-square tests and unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age and season of blood draw.

Results
The mean ages of cases and controls were 61.2 and 60.8 years, respectively. After adjustment for age and season of blood draw, cases were more likely than controls to complain of muscle pain (OR 1.75 95% CI 1.00-3.05) and bone pain (OR 1.77 95% CI 0.98-3.20) but not joint pain (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.46, 1.61). Average pain scores for joint and muscle symptoms were similar between cases and controls but cases rated their average bone pain higher than controls (5.1 versus 3.4; p=0.009). Serum vitamin D and CRP concentrations were not statistically significantly different between cases and controls and were not associated with location or severity of pain.

Conclusions
Arthralgias and myalgias are common complaints among women, regardless of aromatase inhibitor therapy. Compared to controls, cases described their pain as muscle or bone pain rather than joint pain. These symptoms were not associated with serum vitamin D or CRP concentrations.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B19.
Abstract B4: A home-based intervention among older long-term cancer survivors improves physical activity, diet quality, weight status, and physical functioning: Results of the RENEW (Reach-out to ENhancE Wellness) trial
Authors: Morey Miriam , Snyder Denise , Sloane Richard , Peterson Bercedis , Cohen Harvey , Miller Paige , Hartman Terryl , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B4
Cancer survival rates are ever increasing; currently two-thirds of cancer patients will be alive at least 5 years after diagnosis. Despite these gains, many cancer survivors are left with significant comorbidity and accelerated functional decline. Older survivors experience greater declines in function, threatening independence and resulting in increased health care costs. The aim of the RENEW trial was to determine if a year-long, diet-exercise intervention delivered to older long-term cancer survivors via telephone prompts, counseling, and mailed materials could effectively improve health behaviors, and result in improved weight status, and physical functioning. Cancer cases were ascertained from cancer registries and self-referral: 20,015 letters of invitation were posted, 1,208 survivors were screened [eligibility criteria: age 65+; breast, prostate or colorectal cancer diagnosed at least 5-years prior with no evidence of recurrence; body mass index (BMI-kg/m2) 25-40; &lt;150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/week; community-dwelling; and no medical conditions precluding unsupervised exercise], and 641 participants were enrolled. Baseline and follow-up data were collected largely via computer-assisted telephone interviews using the following validated measures: physical functioning (SF-36 Physical Function Subscale and Late Life Function Basic and Advanced Lower Extremity Subscales); physical activity (Community Healthy Activities for Physical Activity in Older Adults Survey); diet quality [revised Healthy Eating Index (HEI) from 2-day dietary recalls]; and BMI. Participants were randomized to immediate- (n=319) or delayed- (n=322) intervention arms. At 1-year a 12.9% rate of attrition was observed. Baseline-to-follow-up change scores [means (SD); crude unadjusted p-values] in the intervention vs. delayed intervention arms were as follows: SF-36 physical functioning [-2.5 (1.1) vs. -5.3 (1.0) points; p=.04]; Basic Lower Extremity [+0.4 (0.7) vs. -2.1 (0.7) points; p=.005]; Advanced Lower Extremity [-0.4 (0.6) vs. -2.6 (0.6) points; p=.01]; Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity [+44.9 (5.9) vs. +29.7 (6.2) minutes/week (111.7); p=.02]; HEI [+7.1 (0.9) vs. +1.4 (0.8) points; p&lt;.0001]; and BMI [-0.8 (0.1) vs. -0.3 (0.1); p&lt;.0001]. These preliminary findings suggest that older, long-term cancer survivors respond favorably to tailored home-based interventions and effectively improve not only their behaviors, but also experience significant and clinically meaningful improvements in body weight status and physical functioning.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B4.
Abstract B42: Polymorphism of CYP3A5 gene in Indian chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Bajpai Prachi , Tripathi A. , Agrawal Deepa 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B42

Objective
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoetic stem cell disorder characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome. Individuals vary in their ability to metabolize carcinogens and hence to detoxify chemicals, leading to different risk in getting cancer. The human CYP3A5 is a major P450 enzyme in the liver and represents 50% of the total hepatic CYP3A content in people expressing CYP3A5. Therefore, it is suggested that the CYP3A5 is an important genetic contributor to inter-individual differences in CYP3A-dependent drug metabolism. Owing to the importance of CYP3A5 genetic polymorphism as risk factor in various cancers, the study was aimed to detect the prevalence of genetic polymorphism of CYP3A5*3 gene in North Indian CML patients and racially matched controls. Further, it will help to determine the association of these allelic variants if any, as risk factor to develop CML.

Materials and Methods
Human blood was collected from 50 CML patients and 65 healthy individuals which were age and sex matched. DNA isolation was carried out by standard proteinase K and phenol chloroform method. The prevalence of CYP3A5*3 genotype was examined by PCR-RFLP method. PCR products were separated using 2% agarose gel.
In the analysis of the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism, a fragment of 155 base pairs (bp) was amplified by PCR, which was followed by restriction digestion by Dde I. The 155 bp product from the CYP3A5*1 allele was digested into 121 and 34 bp fragments, whereas the PCR product of the CYP3A5*3 was cleaved to 97, 34, and 24 bp fragments.

Results
The frequencies reported in controls were, 7/65 (10.76%) for homozygous CYP3A5*1/*1 , 28/65 (43.07%) for heterozygous CYP3A5*1/*3 and was 30/65 (46.15%) for homozygous CYP3A5*3/*3 respectively. The frequencies reported in cases were 5/50 (10%), 21/50 (42%) and 24/50 (48%) respectively. There was no significant difference between the frequencies of wild (*1/*1), heterozygous (*1/*3) & mutant allele (*3/*3), (control vs cases).
However, when these alleles where compared individually within a class, a higher frequency of
heterozygous & mutant allele, was reported as compared to the wild type, both in the cases and in controls. The combined frequency of heterozygous & mutant allele vs wild in controls was 89.22% and 10.76% respectively, and that in cases being 90% and 10% respectively.

Discussion
It is concluded that there is no association of this polymorphism with the risk of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. However, due to the variable frequencies of xenobiotic metabolizing polymorphic alleles in different populations, further studies with different populations are required in order to investigate the association of polymorphic variability and its possible role in susceptibility to CML.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B42.
Abstract B44: Modulation of the effect of prenatal PAH exposure on PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood by plasma antioxidants
Authors: Kelvin Elizabeth , Jedrychowski Wieslaw , Tang Deliang , Schleicher Rosemary , Edwards Susan , Camann David , Perera Frederica 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B44
The fetus is more susceptible than the adult to the effects of certain carcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Nutritional factors, including antioxidants, have been shown to have a protective effect on carcinogen-DNA adducts and cancer risk in adults. We investigated whether the effect of prenatal airborne PAH exposure, measured by personal air monitoring during pregnancy, on the level of PAH-DNA adducts in a baby’s cord blood is modified by the concentration of micronutrients in maternal and cord blood. The micronutrients examined were: retinol (vitamin A), α- and γ-tocopherol (vitamin E), and carotenoids. Using multiple linear regression, we found a significant interaction between prenatal PAH exposure and cord blood concentration of α-tocopherol and carotenoids in predicting the concentration of PAH adducts in cord blood. The association between PAH exposure and PAH adducts was much stronger among those with low α-tocopherol (β=0.15, P-value=0.001) and among those with low carotenoids (β=0.16, P-value=0.000) compared to the babies with high levels of these micronutrients (among those with high α-tocopherol: β=0.05, P-value=0.165; among those with high carotenoids: β=0.06, P-value=0.111). These results suggest a protective effect of micronutrients on the DNA damage and potential cancer risk associated with prenatal PAH exposure.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B44.
Abstract B7: Breast cancer risks in women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer who have tested negative for a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation
Authors: Metcalfe Kelly , Finch Amy , Poll Aletta , Horsman Doug , Kim-Sing Charmaine , Scott Jenna , Royer Robert , Sun Ping , Narod Steven 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B7

Introduction
Genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is available in Canada for women with a significant family history of breast cancer. For the majority of tested women, a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation is not found, and counselling regarding breast cancer risk is based on the review of the pedigree. In this prospective study, we estimate breast cancer risks in women with a family history of breast cancer and for whom the proband tested negative for a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2.

Methods
Families with two or more breast cancers under the age of 50, or with three cases of breast cancer at any age and who tested negative for a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation were identified. Follow-up information on cancer status was collected on all first-degree relatives of breast cancer cases. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for breast cancer were calculated by dividing the observed numbers of breast cancer by the expected numbers of breast cancers, based on rates in the provincial cancer registries.

Results
1492 women from 365 families were included in the analyses. The 1492 first-degree relatives of breast cancer cases contributed 9109 person years of follow-up. 65 women developed breast cancer, compared to 15.2 expected number (SIR = 4.3). The SIR was highest for women under the age of 40 (SIR = 14.9) and decreased with increasing age. However, the absolute risk was higher for women between age 50 and 70 (1% per year) than for women between the ages of 30 and 50 (0.4% per year). There was no elevated risk for ovarian, colon or any other form of cancer.

Discussion
Women with a significant family history of breast cancer (ie. two or more breast cancers under the age of 50, or three or more breast cancers at any age) but who test negative for BRCA mutations have approximately a four-fold risk of breast cancer. Women in these families may be candidates for tamoxifen chemoprevention or intensified breast screening with MRI.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B7.