bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Original report of bilateral carotid body tumors with 2 rare concomitant anatomic findings, an ectopic parathyroid gland and cervical thymus, with literature review
Authors: Westbrook Benjamin J. , Harsha Wayne J. , Strenge Karen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundCarotid body tumors are uncommon neoplasms with unique epidemiology and management demands. Cervical embryology is complex. Developmental abnormalities can result in ectopic displacement of native tissues.MethodsWe present the case of a 21‐year‐old female with bilateral carotid body paragangliomas who presented to our clinic seeking excision of the symptomatic right‐sided tumor.ResultsThe patient was successfully treated with surgical excision. Two rare anatomic variants were identified in her surgical specimen: a carotid sheath parathyroid gland and ectopic thymus tissue.ConclusionsThis patient represents an unreported combination of pathologic and anatomic phenomena. The paraganglioma resulted from a familial genetic mutation that is well studied in this patient's ethnic population (Dutch), and the literature on this topic is reviewed herein. The 2 anatomic variants likely represent a single, embryologic glitch that will carry no physiologic sequelae. The clinical application of this ectopic anatomy and the common embryologic origins are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Robotic thyroid surgery: Our experience with the infraclavicular approach
Authors: Lallemant Benjamin , Chambon Guillaume , Rupp Damien , Reynaud Christophe , Alovisetti Caroline , Kacha Sophie , Lallemant Jean‐Gabriel , Trevillot Vincent 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundRobot‐assisted endoscopic transaxillary thyroidectomy is an emerging surgical technique. Despite promising results it presents some limitations and remains controversial in terms of usefulness and validity. We developed an alternative robotic technique using a gasless infraclavicular approach.MethodsWe tested this approach using cadaveric dissection, then we performed the technique on a series of 21 patients from October 2009 to July 2010.ResultsSixteen patients underwent total thyroidectomy and 5 patients underwent lobectomies. Mean total operative time was 197 minutes. We observed postoperative complications in 4 patients. Pathologic diagnoses included: benign follicular adenoma (19 patients) and single papillary carcinoma <1 cm in diameter pT1a (2 patients).ConclusionsThe infraclavicular approach for robotic thyroidectomy is feasible, but is not safe enough to be recommended, based on our experience and on the technical difficulties encountered. The use of 2 robotic arms instead of 3 is a major limitation for this technique. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Recurrent laryngeal nerve landmarks revisited
Authors: Asgharpour Elham , Maranillo Eva , Sañudo Jose , Pascual‐Font Aran , Rodriguez‐Niedenführ Marc , Valderrama Francisco J. , Viejo Fermin , Parkin Ian G. , Vázquez Teresa 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this work was to evaluate, to prove their reliability, the different surgical landmarks previously proposed as a mean to locate the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN).MethodsThe necks of 143 (68 male and 76 female) human adult embalmed cadavers were examined. RLN origin and length and its relationship to different landmarks were recorded and results compared with those previously reported. Statistical comparisons were performed using the chi‐square test (significance, p ≤ .05).ResultsMostly, RLN is located anterior to the tracheoesophageal sulcus (41.6%), posterior to the inferior thyroid artery (35.8%), lateral to Berry's ligament (88.1%), below the inferior rim of the inferior constrictor muscle (90.4%), and entering the larynx before its terminal division (54.6%).ConclusionsThe position of the RLN in relation to those structures classically considered as landmarks is highly variable. The most reliable relationships are those with Berry's ligament or the inferior constrictor muscle. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Phase II trial of capecitabine plus cisplatin as first‐line therapy in patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Chua Daniel T. T. , Yiu Harry Ho‐Yin , Seetalarom Kasan , Ng Alice Wan‐Ying , Kurnianda Johan , Shotelersuk Kanjana , Krishnan Gopala , Hong Ruey‐Long , Yang Muh‐Hwa , Wang Cheng‐Hsu , Sze Wing‐Kin , Ng Wai‐Tong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundCapecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine with single‐agent activity in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This multicenter phase II study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine plus cisplatin as a first‐line treatment for metastatic NPC.MethodsPatients with metastatic NPC received cisplatin 100 mg/m2 day 1 plus capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks for 6–8 cycles. The primary endpoint was overall response rate.ResultsForty‐four patients were enrolled; 39 patients were evaluable for efficacy. The overall response rate was 53.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37%–70%), including 1 complete response. Median time to tumor progression was 7.3 months (95% CI, 5.6–9.9 months) and median overall survival was 28.0 months (95% CI, 14.5 months—not reached). Common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (50%), vomiting (11%), thrombocytopenia (9%), and nausea (7%).ConclusionsCapecitabine plus cisplatin is an active first‐line combination in metastatic NPC that requires a short hospital stay. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Prospective trial of chemotherapy‐enhanced accelerated radiotherapy for larynx preservation in patients with intermediate‐volume hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Kawashima Mitsuhiko , Hayashi Ryuichi , Tahara Makoto , Arahira Satoko , Miyazaki Masakazu , Sakuraba Minoru , Zenda Sadamoto , Ogino Takashi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundAltered fractionation radiotherapy (RT) improves locoregional control in head and neck cancer without aggravation of late adverse events. To improve successful larynx‐preservation rates in patients with resectable, intermediate‐volume hypopharyngeal cancer, a prospective trial of chemotherapy‐enhanced accelerated RT was conducted.MethodsPatients with T2 to T4 hypopharyngeal cancer received 40 Gray (Gy)/4 weeks to the entire neck followed by boost RT administering 30 Gy/2 weeks (1.5 Gy twice‐daily fractionation). Cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil were administered concomitantly only during boost RT.ResultsThirty‐five patients were enrolled in this study. All patients completed this protocol as planned. After a median follow‐up period for surviving patients of 59 months (24–90 months), overall survival and local control rates at 3 years were 91% (95% confidence interval, 81% to 100%), and 88% (79% to 99%), respectively. All surviving patients maintained normalcy of diets.ConclusionThis regimen was feasible with encouraging oncological and functional outcomes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
High‐resolution mass spectrometry method for the detection, characterization and quantitation of pharmaceuticals in water
Authors: Pinhancos Rebeca , Maass Sara , Ramanathan Dil M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe presence of pharmaceuticals in drinking water is an emerging environmental concern. In most environmental testing laboratories, LC‐MS/MS assays based on selected reaction monitoring are used as part of a battery of tests used to assure water quality. Although LC‐MS/MS continues to be the best tool for detecting pharmaceuticals in water, the combined use of hybrid high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) is starting to become a practical tool to study emerging environmental contaminants. The hybrid LTQ–orbitrap mass spectrometer is suitable for integrated quantitative and qualitative bioanalysis because of the following reasons: (1) the ability to collect full‐scan HRMS spectra with scan speeds suitable for UHPLC separations, (2) routine measurement of mass with less than 5 ppm mass accuracy, (3) high mass resolving power, and (4) ability to perform on‐the‐fly polarity switching in the linear ion trap (LTQ). In the present work, we provide data demonstrating the application of UHPLC–LTQ–orbitrap for the detection, characterization and quantification of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in drinking water. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards 20% efficient large‐area screen‐printed rear‐passivated silicon solar cells
Authors: Dullweber Thorsten , Gatz Sebastian , Hannebauer Helge , Falcon Tom , Hesse Rene , Schmidt Jan , Brendel Rolf 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWe have implemented a baseline solar cell process based on today's standard industrially manufactured silicon solar cells. Using this process, we achieve conversion efficiencies up to 18.5% applying 125 × 125 mm² pseudo‐square p‐type 2–3 Ω cm boron‐doped Czochralski silicon wafers featuring screen‐printed front and rear contacts and a homogenously doped 70 Ω/□ n+‐emitter. Optimizing a print‐on‐print process for the silver front side metallization, we reduce the finger width from 110 to 70 µm, which increases the conversion efficiency up to 18.9% due to the reduced shadowing loss. In order to further increase the efficiency, we implement two different dielectric rear surface passivation stacks: (i) a silicon dioxide/silicon nitride stack and (ii) an aluminium oxide/silicon nitride stack. The rear contacts to the silicon base are formed by local laser ablation of the passivation stack and aluminium screen printing. The dielectric layer stacks at the rear decrease the surface recombination velocity from Seff,rear = 350 cm/s for a full‐area Al back surface field down to Seff,rear = 70 cm/s and increase the internal reflectance from 61% up to 91%. The improved solar cell rear increases the conversion efficiency η up to an independently confirmed value of 19.4%, the short‐circuit current density Jsc up to 38.9 mA/cm² and the open‐circuit voltage Voc up to 662 mV. The detailed solar cell analysis reveals potential to further increase the conversion efficiency towards 20% in the near future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of gas diffusion in a NiFe hydrogenase
Authors: Topin Jérémie , Rousset Marc , Antonczak Serge , Golebiowski Jérôme 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe have investigated O2 and H2 transport across a NiFe hydrogenase at the atomic scale by means of computational methods. The Wild Type protein has been compared with the V74Q mutant. Two distinct methodologies have been applied to study the gas access to the active site. Temperature locally enhanced sampling simulations have emphasized the importance of protein dynamics on gas diffusion. The O2 diffusion free energy profiles, obtained by umbrella sampling, are in agreement with the known kinetic data and show that in the V74Q mutant, the inhibition process is lowered from both a kinetic and a thermodynamic point of view. Proteins 2011. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding design patterns — what is the problem?
Authors: El Boussaidi Ghizlane , Mili Hafedh 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYDesign patterns codify proven solutions to recurring design problems. Their proper use within a development context requires that: (i) we understand them; (ii) we ascertain their applicability or relevance to the design problem at hand; and (iii) we apply them faithfully to the problem at hand. We argue that an explicit representation of the design problem solved by a design pattern is key to supporting the three tasks in an integrated fashion. We propose a model‐driven representation of design patterns consisting of triples < MP, MS, T > where MP is a model of the problem solved by the pattern, MS is a model of the solution proposed by the pattern, and T is a model transformation of an instance of the problem into an instance of the solution. Given an object‐oriented design model, we look for model fragments that match MP (call them instances of MP), and when one is found, we apply the transformation T yielding an instance of MS. Easier said than done. Experimentation with an Eclipse Modeling Framework‐based implementation of our approach applied to a number of open‐source software application's raised fundamental questions about: (i) the nature of design patterns in general, and the ones that lend themselves to our approach, and (ii) our understanding and codification of seemingly simple design patterns. In this paper, we present the principles behind our approach, report on the results of applying the approach to the Gang of Four (GoF) design patterns, and discuss the representability of design problems solved by these patterns. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salep‐g‐poly(sodium acrylate)/alumina superabsorbent hydrogel composite as a smart material: Irradiation synthesis and investigation of its swelling behavior
Authors: Bardajee Ghasem Rezanejade 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA novel environmentally sensitive superabsorbent composite was synthesized via the gamma (γ)‐irradiation graft copolymerization of sodium acrylate onto a homogeneous blend of natural salep and alumina in an aqueous medium. The reaction parameters (i.e., acrylic acid amount, neutralization percentage, alumina/salep weight ratio, and γ‐irradiation total dose) affecting the water absorbency of the hydrogel composite were optimized by using a systematic method in order to achieve a composite with as high a swelling capacity as possible. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the structure of the final product. Morphology of the synthesized composite was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The swelling behavior of the optimum superabsorbent composite was measured in various environments, and the results showed excellent on–off switching behaviors which made this novel smart composite material a nominee that can potentially be used in agriculture, pharmaceutics, and biosensors. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
A Longitudinal Process Analysis of Mother–Child Emotional Relationships in a Rural Appalachian European American Community
Authors: Bornstein Marc H. , Putnick Diane L. , Suwalsky Joan T. D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis prospective longitudinal study examines emotional relationships in 58 Appalachian mother–child dyads observed at home at 5 and 20 months. Between infancy and toddlerhood, 3 of 4 dimensions of dyadic emotional relationships were stable, and three remained continuous in their mean level. Increasing maternal age was associated with greater maternal sensitivity and structuring and with more responsive and involving children. Marital status and father presence in the home as well as maternal openness, parenting knowledge, investment, and satisfaction accounted for effects of maternal age on dyadic emotional relationships. This longitudinal process analysis provides unique insights into temporal dynamics of mother–child emotional relationships and their determinants in an underserved and underresearched US community. Implications for community‐specific interventions are discussed.
Misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage: Moving from evidence to practice
Authors: Starrs Ann , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: November 2011

AbstractClinical and operational evidence indicates that misoprostol is a safe and effective technology for addressing postpartum hemorrhage, a major cause of maternal death. This research has not yet been translated into effective policies, programs, and practice in many parts of the world. Efforts to expand evidence‐based use of misoprostol are often complicated by misoprostol's range of indications, insufficient availability, a lack of evidence‐based guidelines and provider training, and misconceptions about the drug. The medical and health policy communities need to work together to translate research findings into changes in policy, knowledge, and clinical practice so that we can deliver on the world's promise to improve maternal health.
Eo-Alpine metamorphism and the ‘mid-Miocene thermal event’ in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia): new evidence from multiple thermochronology
Authors: DANIŠÍK MARTIN , KOHÚT MILAN , EVANS NOREEN J. , MCDONALD BRAD J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA combination of zircon (U–Th)/He (ZHe), apatite fission track (AFT) and apatite (U–Th)/He (AHe) dating methods is applied to constrain the metamorphic and exhumation history of the Tatric part of the Branisko Mountains in the Western Carpathians. ZHe ages from the basement samples prove the basement experienced a very low-grade to low-grade Eo-Alpine metamorphic overprint in mid-Cretaceous times. Miocene AFT and AHe ages found in the basement and in the Palaeogene sediments conclusively demonstrate that the Branisko Mts experienced a ‘mid-Miocene thermal event’. This thermal event had a regional character and was related to magmatic and/or burial heating that exposed the sediment and basement samples to ~ 120–130°C and ~ 100–190°C, respectively.
Excess mortality associated with the 2009 pandemic of influenza A(H1N1) in Hong Kong
Authors: YANG L. , CHAN K. P. , COWLING B. J. , CHIU S. S. , CHAN K. H. , PEIRIS J. S. M. , WONG C. M. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYReliable estimates of the burden of 2009 pandemic influenza A(pH1N1) cannot be easily obtained because only a small fraction of infections were confirmed by laboratory tests in a timely manner. In this study we developed a Poisson prediction modelling approach to estimate the excess mortality associated with pH1N1 in 2009 and seasonal influenza in 1998–2008 in the subtropical city Hong Kong. The results suggested that there were 127 all-cause excess deaths associated with pH1N1, including 115 with cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and 22 with pneumonia and influenza. The excess mortality rates associated with pH1N1 were highest in the population aged ⩾65 years. The mortality burden of influenza during the whole of 2009 was comparable to those in the preceding ten inter-pandemic years. The estimates of excess deaths were more than twofold higher than the reported fatal cases with laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 infection.
Prepare your indicators: economics imperialism on the shores of law and development
Authors: Perry-Kessaris Amanda 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article explores the influence of economics on the demand for, and deployment of, indicators in the context of the World Bank's investment climate campaign. This campaign is characterised by an emphasis on marketisation, mathematisation and quantification, which are respectively the normative, analytical and empirical approaches of choice in mainstream economics. The article concludes that economics generally, and indicators in particular, have brought a certain discipline and energy to the field of law and development. But this ‘progress’ has often been at the expense of non-economic values and interests, and even of our ability to mourn their loss.
A Multifaceted Intervention Strategy for Eradication of a Hospital-Wide Outbreak Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Southern Israel
Authors: Borer Abraham , Eskira Seada , Nativ Ronit , Saidel-Odes Lisa , Riesenberg Klaris , Livshiz-Riven Ilana , Schlaeffer Francisc , Sherf Michael , Peled Nejama 
Published: November 2011

Objective.To devise a local strategy for eradication of a hospital-wide outbreak caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP).Design.Quasi-experimental, before-and-after, interrupted time-series study.Setting.A 1,000-bed tertiary-care university teaching hospital.Methods.Retrospectively, all relevant data were collected from the medical records of patients with CRKP infections from May 2006 through April 2007, the preintervention period. From May 1, 2007, through May 1, 2010, the postintervention period, the intervention was applied and prospectively followed. The 5 key elements of this strategy were an emergency department flagging system, the building of a cohort ward, the eradication of clusters, environmental and personnel hand cultures, and a carbapenem-restriction policy. The demographic and clinical parameters of patients colonized by and/or infected with CRKP were collected from medical records.Results.A total of 10,680 rectal cultures were performed for 8,376 patients; 433 (5.16%) and 370 (4.4%) were CRKP-colonized and CRKP-infected patients, respectively, and 789 (98%) of 803 patients were admitted to the CRKP cohort ward. The CRKP infection density was reduced from 5.26 to 0.18 per 10,000 patient-days (P<.001), and no nosocomial CRKP infections were diagnosed. Twenty-three percent of environmental cultures were found to be positive. Meropenem use was reduced from 283 ± 70.92 to 118 ± 74.32 defined daily doses per 1,000 patient-days (P<.001).Conclusion.This intervention produced an enormous impact on patient location, surveillance cultures, and antibiotic policies and a massive investment in infection control resources.
Epidemiology of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Niedner Matthew F. , Huskins W. Charles , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Muschelli John , Harris J. Mitchell , Rice Tom B. , Brilli Richard J. , Miller Marlene R. 
Published: November 2011

Objective.Describe central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLA-BSI) epidemiology in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).Design.Descriptive study (29 PICUs); cohort study (18 PICUs).Setting.PICUs in a national improvement collaborative.Patients/Participants.Patients admitted October 2006 to December 2007 with 1 or more central lines.Methods.CLA-BSIs were prospectively identified using the National Healthcare Safety Network definition and then readjudicated using the revised 2008 definition. Risk factors for CLA-BSI were examined using age-adjusted, time-varying Cox proportional hazards models.Results.In the descriptive study, the CLA-BSI incidence was 3.1/1,000 central line-days; readjudication with the revised definition resulted in a 17% decrease. In the cohort study, the readjudicated incidence was 2.0/1,000 central line-days. Ninety-nine percent of patients were CLA-BSI-free through day 7, after which the daily risk of CLA-BSI doubled to 0.27% per day. Compared with patients with respiratory diagnoses (most prevalent category), CLA-BSI risk was higher in patients with gastrointestinal diagnoses (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.43-5.16]; P<.002) and oncologic diagnoses (HR, 2.6 [CI, 1.06-6.45]; P=.037). Among all patients, including those with more than 1 central line, CLA-BSI risk was lower among patients with a central line inserted in the jugular vein (HR, 0.43 [CI, 0.30-0.95]; P<.03).Conclusions.The 2008 CLA-BSI definition change decreased the measured incidence. The daily CLA-BSI risk was very low in patients during the first 7 days of catheterization but doubled thereafter. The risk of CLA-BSI was lower in patients with lines inserted in the jugular vein and higher in patients with gastrointestinal and oncologic diagnoses. These patients are target populations for additional study and intervention.