bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histology, immunocytochemistry and qRT‐PCR analysis of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post‐smolts following infection with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)
Authors: Ellis A E , Cavaco A , Petrie A , Lockhart K , Snow M , Collet B 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInfectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a very serious viral disease in terms of its impact on production of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fry and post‐smolts. Post‐smolts of Atlantic salmon were injected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and cohabited with naive fish to produce natural infection. Cohabitant fish were sampled every 2 days, up to day 36 post‐infection (p.i.). From 90 cohabitant fish, 11 (12.2%) were positive by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The first detection of IPNV by IHC occurred on day 16 p.i. which coincided with the onset of mortality in this group. Besides the pancreas, the liver was found to be a key target organ for IPNV. For the first time, the virus was observed in the islets of Langerhans and in the kidney corpuscles of Stannius which suggests that the virus could affect the fish’s metabolism. The liver of two fish, which showed the most widespread presence of IPNV by IHC, had a pathology including focal necrosis and widespread presence of apoptotic hepatocytes, many of which did not stain for virus by IHC. Up‐regulation of cytokine gene expression was found only in the IHC‐positive (IHC+ve) fish and reflected the level of infection as determined by IHC positivity of the liver. In most fish, interferon (IFN), Mx, γIFN and γIP were up‐regulated in liver and kidney, while only IFN and Mx were up‐regulated in gill. IL1β and TNFα were not induced in any tissue. The gill showed variable levels of constitutive expression of IL1β and γIFN. The two fish with liver pathology had the highest level of IFN expression, especially relative to the level of Mx expression, in the liver compared with the other IHC+ve fish which did not have a liver pathology. The results suggest that following widespread infection of hepatocytes, the cells may over‐produce IFN, resulting in apoptosis of neighbouring cells with subsequent death from liver failure.
Diet and nutritional status of children with food allergies
Authors: Flammarion Sophie , Santos Clarisse , Guimber Dominique , Jouannic Lyne , Thumerelle Caroline , Gottrand Frédéric , Deschildre Antoine 
Published: June 2010

To cite this article:Flammarion S, Santos C, Guimber D, Jouannic L, Thumerelle C, Gottrand F, Deschildre A. Diet and nutritional status of children with food allergies.Pediatr Allergy Immunol2011;22: 161–165.AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess the food intakes and nutritional status of children with food allergies following an elimination diet. We conducted a cross sectional study including 96 children (mean age 4.7 ± 2.5 years) with food allergies and 95 paired controls (mean age 4.7 ± 2.7 years) without food allergies. Nutritional status was assessed using measurements of weight and height and Z scores for weight‐for‐age, height‐for‐age and weight‐for‐height. Nutrient intakes assessment was based on a 3‐day diet record. Children with food allergies had weight‐for‐age and height‐for‐age Z scores lower than controls (0.1 versus 0.6 and 0.2 versus 0.8 respectively). Children with 3 or more food allergies were smaller than those with 2 or less food allergies (p = 0.04). A total of 62 children with food allergies and 52 controls completed usable diet records. Energy, protein and calcium intakes were similar in the two groups. Children with food allergies were smaller for their age than controls even when they received similar nutrient intakes. Nutritional evaluation is essential for the follow up of children with food allergies.
Maternal B vitamin intake during pregnancy and wheeze and eczema in Japanese infants aged 16–24 months: The Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study
Authors: Miyake Yoshihiro , Sasaki Satoshi , Tanaka Keiko , Hirota Yoshio 
Published: June 2010

To cite this article: Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Tanaka K, Hirota Y. Maternal B vitamin intake during pregnancy and wheeze and eczema in Japanese infants aged 16–24 months: The Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2011: 22: 69–74.AbstractIt is uncertain whether B group vitamins are risk or preventive factors for allergic disorders. We prospectively investigated the association between maternal intake of folate and vitamins B12, B6, and B2 during pregnancy and the risk of wheeze and eczema in the infants aged 16–24 months. Subjects were 763 Japanese mother–child pairs. Data on maternal intake during pregnancy were assessed with a diet history questionnaire (DHQ). Symptoms of wheeze and eczema were based on criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Among 763 infants, 169 (22.1%) and 142 (18.6%) had symptoms of wheeze and eczema, respectively. There were no evident relationships between maternal consumption of folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and vitamin B2 during pregnancy and the risk of wheeze or eczema in the offspring after adjustment for maternal age, gestation at baseline, residential municipality at baseline, family income, maternal and paternal education, maternal and paternal history of asthma, atopic eczema, and allergic rhinitis, changes in maternal diet in the previous 1 month, season when data at baseline were collected, maternal smoking during pregnancy, baby’s older siblings, baby’s sex, baby’s birth weight, household smoking in the same room as the infant, breastfeeding duration, age at which solid foods were introduced, age of infant at the third survey, and maternal intake of docosahexaenoic acid, n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, calcium, vitamin E, and β‐carotene during pregnancy. Further investigation is warranted to draw conclusions as to the question of whether maternal B vitamin intake during pregnancy is related to the risk of childhood allergic disorders.
Lactate concentrations in the rectal lumen in patients in early septic shock
Authors: IBSEN M. , TENHUNEN J. , WIIS J. , WALDAU T. , LAURITSEN A. Ø. , THORNBERG K. , JOENSEN H. , Perner A. 
Published: June 2010

Background: Previously, we observed that rectal luminal lactate was higher in non‐survivors compared with survivors of severe sepsis or septic shock persisting >24 h. The present study was initiated to further investigate this tentative association between rectal luminal lactate and mortality in a larger population of patients in early septic shock.Methods: A prospective observational multicentre study of 130 patients with septic shock at six general ICU's of university hospitals. Six to 24 h after the onset of septic shock, the concentration of lactate in the rectal lumen was estimated by a 4‐h equilibrium dialysis. Dialysate concentrations of lactate were determined using an auto‐analyser.Results: The overall 30‐day mortality was 32%, with age and Simplified acute physiology scores II and sequential organ failure assessment scores being significantly higher in non‐survivors. In contrast, there were no differences in concentrations of lactate in the rectal lumen [2.2 (1.4–4.1) and 2.8 (1.6–5.1) mmol/l (P=0.34)] (medians and 25th–75th percentiles) or arterial blood [2.1 (1.4–4.2) and 2.0 (1.3–3.2) mmol/l (P=0.15)] between non‐survivors and survivors. The rectal–arterial difference of the lactate concentration was higher in survivors. There were no differences in blood pressure, noradrenaline dose or central venous oxygen saturation between the groups.Conclusion: In this prospective, observational study of unselected patients with early septic shock, there was no difference in the concentration of lactate in the rectal lumen between non‐survivors and survivors.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (no: NCT00197938).
Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound for the prediction of intraoperative bleeding of endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric neoplasms
Authors: Kikuchi Daisuke , Iizuka Toshiro , Hoteya Shu , Yamashita Satoshi , Nakamura Masanori , Kuroki Yuichiro , Mitani Toshihumi , Fujimoto Ai , Matsui Akira , Nishida Noriko , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Intraoperative bleeding is an important determining factor for the technical difficulty and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric neoplasms, which was previously difficult to predict before ESD. In the present study, we investigated whether endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) could be used to preoperatively predict intraoperative bleeding.Methods:  The study included 106 patients who underwent EUS before ESD. EUS was used to evaluate the submucosal vascular structure. Patients who had at least 10 vascular structures per field of view or a vessel at least 500 µm in diameter were classified into the rich group (Group R), and others were classified into the non‐rich group (Group N). The two groups were compared retrospectively with respect to procedure time, degree of anemia, frequency of clip use, and others.Results:  There were 24 patients in Group R and 82 patients in Group N. Submucosal caner was found in 54.2% of patients in Group R and 18.3% in Group N. The reduction in hemoglobin was 5.8% in Group R and 3.45% in Group N. The procedure time was 151 min in Group R and 100 min in Group N. The frequency of clip use was 79.2% in Group R and 31.7% in Group N. A multivariate analysis revealed a significant difference in the depth of invasion and frequency of clip use between the two groups.Conclusions:  The results suggest that identification of submucosal vascular structure by EUS might allow prediction of intraoperative bleeding during ESD.
Correlation of serum pepsinogens and gastrin‐17 with atrophic gastritis in gastroesophageal reflux patients: A matched‐pairs study
Authors: Peitz Ulrich , Wex Thomas , Vieth Michael , Stolte Manfred , Willich Stefan , Labenz Joachim , Jaspersen Daniel , Lind Tore , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  An algorithm (GastroPanel) for the non‐invasive diagnosis of atrophic gastritis has been previously proposed, based on serum pepsinogen‐I, gastrin‐17, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether serum markers correlate with and predict gastric atrophy in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients.Methods:  The baseline data of the prospective ProGERD study, a study on the long‐term course of GERD (n = 6215 patients), served to select patients with atrophic gastritis diagnosed in biopsies from gastric antrum and corpus, and control cases without atrophy. A total of 208 pairs were matched for age, sex, GERD status (erosive vs non‐erosive), presence of Barrett's esophagus, and histological H. pylori status were retrieved. Serum pepsinogen‐I, gastrin‐17, and H. pylori antibodies were determined using specific enzyme immunoassays.Results:  A significant negative correlation was found between the degree of corpus atrophy and the level of serum pepsinogen‐I. A previously‐reported negative correlation between the degree of antral atrophy and serum gastrin‐17 could not be confirmed. The low sensitivity (0.32) and specificity (0.70) of the GastroPanel algorithm were mainly due to over diagnosis and under diagnosis of advanced atrophy in the antrum.Conclusion:  The diagnostic validity of the GastroPanel algorithm to diagnose gastric atrophy non‐invasively is not sufficient for general use in GERD patients.
Distribution trends of colorectal adenoma and cancer: A colonoscopy database analysis of 11 025 Chinese patients
Authors: Bai Yu , Gao Jun , Zou Duo‐Wu , Li Zhao‐Shen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  A left‐to‐right shift of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported in Western studies. However, few Asian studies have investigated the anatomic distribution of colorectal adenoma and CRC. We aimed to describe the time trends in the distribution of colorectal adenoma and CRC in a Chinese population.Methods:  A colonoscopy database was reviewed, and all consecutive patients with lower gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent colonoscopy from 1998 to 2009 were identified. Data, including patients' sex, age, symptoms, and the number and anatomic locations of colorectal adenoma and CRC, were documented.Results:  A total of 11 025 patients were included in the final analysis; 1012 and 363 patients were diagnosed with colorectal adenoma and CRC, respectively. Overall, there were more distal than proximal adenomas (54.4% vs 37.9%), and the proportion of proximal adenomas remained stable from 1998–2006 to 2007–2009 (38.2% vs 37.6%). Similarly, there were more distal than proximal CRC (56.5% vs 42.4%), and the proportion of proximal CRC declined from 45.8% in 1998–2006 to 38.4% in 2007–2009. Colorectal adenoma and CRC were equally distributed among both sexes. For elderly patients (> 50 years), there was a non‐significant trend towards more proximal adenoma and CRC.Conclusions:  The present study suggests no distal‐to‐proximal shift of colorectal adenoma and CRC among the Chinese population in Shanghai over the past 12 years. The distribution pattern of colorectal adenoma and CRC of Chinese patients is different from that of Western patients, who had more colorectal lesions located in the distal part.
Diets of sympatric native and introduced carnivores in the Barrington Tops, eastern Australia
Authors: GLEN A. S. , PENNAY M. , DICKMAN C. R. , WINTLE B. A. , FIRESTONE K. B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInvasive predators have severe impacts on global biodiversity, and their effects in Australia have been more extreme than on any other continent. The spotted‐tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), an endangered marsupial carnivore, coexists with three eutherian carnivores, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), feral cat (Felis catus) and wild dog (Canis lupus ssp.) with which it did not coevolve. No previous study has investigated dietary overlap between quolls and the suite of three eutherian carnivores. By analysing scats, we aimed to quantify dietary overlap within this carnivore assemblage in eastern Australia, and to detect any differences that may facilitate coexistence. We also sought evidence of intraguild predation. Dietary overlap between predators was extensive, with the greatest similarity occurring between foxes and cats. However, some differences were apparent. For example, cats mainly consumed smaller prey, and wild dogs larger prey. Quolls showed greater dietary overlap with foxes and cats than with dogs. Intraguild predation was evident, with fox remains occurring in 3% of wild dog scats. Our results suggest wild dogs competitively dominate invasive foxes, which in turn are likely to compete with the endangered quoll.
Respiratory interactions of soil bacteria with (semi)conductive iron‐oxide minerals
Authors: Kato Souichiro , Nakamura Ryuhei , Kai Fumiyoshi , Watanabe Kazuya , Hashimoto Kazuhito 
Published: June 2010

SummaryPure‐culture studies have shown that dissimilatory metal‐reducing bacteria are able to utilize iron‐oxide nanoparticles as electron conduits for reducing distant terminal acceptors; however, the ecological relevance of such energy metabolism is poorly understood. Here, soil microbial communities were grown in electrochemical cells with acetate as the electron donor and electrodes (poised at 0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl) as the electron acceptors in the presence and absence of iron‐oxide nanoparticles, and respiratory current generation and community structures were analysed. Irrespective of the iron‐oxide species (hematite, magnetite or ferrihydrite), the supplementation with iron‐oxide minerals resulted in large increases (over 30‐fold) in current, while only a moderate increase (∼10‐fold) was observed in the presence of soluble ferric/ferrous irons. During the current generation, insulative ferrihydrite was transformed into semiconductive goethite. Clone‐library analyses of 16S rRNA gene fragments PCR‐amplified from the soil microbial communities revealed that iron‐oxide supplementation facilitated the occurrence of Geobacter species affiliated with subsurface clades 1 and 2. We suggest that subsurface‐clade Geobacter species preferentially thrive in soil by utilizing (semi)conductive iron oxides for their respiration.
Pathological T2 sub‐divisions as a prognostic factor in the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer
Authors: Caso Jorge R. , Tsivian Matvey , Mouraviev Vladimir , Polascik Thomas J. , Moul Judd W. 
Published: June 2010

Study Type – Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo determine the adequacy of T2 prostate cancer (PCa) sub‐staging as an independent Predictor of biochemical disease‐free survival (bDFS) after radical prostatectomy.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe Duke Prostate Center database was queried for patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2007 and had pT2 PCa, identifying 1990 cases. Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) recurrence was defined as a single value ≥0.2 ng/mL. Kaplan–Meier curves compared differences in bDFS between T2 sub‐divisions. Multivariate analysis was performed, adjusting for age, pathological Gleason sum, surgical margin status, preoperative PSA, race, total tumour percentage and prostate weight on biochemical recurrence.RESULTSThe mean age at surgery was 62 years, and 16% of patients were African‐American. Median prostate weight was 40 g [interquartile range (IQR) 31–52] and median preoperative PSA was 5.6 (IQR 4.2–7.8). Pathological Gleason score was ≤6 in 57%, 7 in 38%, and ≥8 in 5%; pathological T stage distribution was 18% T2a, 6% T2b, and 76% T2c; and percentage tumour involvement was ≤5% in 43%, between 5.1 and 10% in 24%, between 10.1 and 15% in 10%, and >15% in 19%. 366 (18.4%) patients had a biochemical recurrence after a median of 4.6 years (IQR 2.1–8.2) follow‐up. bDFS was significantly (P= 0.006) higher for pT2a disease than for pT2b and pT2c, which were comparable. Adjusting for demographic and other pathological variables, T2 sub‐divisions lost statistical significance.CONCLUSIONSPathological T2a prostate cancer has significantly higher bDFS than the pT2b or pT2c sub‐groups in univariate but not multivariate analyses. Different pathological features should be explored to create more meaningfully predictive pathological T2 sub‐divisions.
TESTING FOR STATIONARITY IN HETEROGENEOUS PANEL DATA IN THE CASE OF MODEL MISSPECIFICATION
Authors: Rao Yao , Hadri Kaddour , Bu Ruijun 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the performance of the tests proposed by Hadri and by Hadri and Larsson for testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data under model misspecification. The panel tests are based on the well known KPSS test (cf. Kwiatkowski et al.) which considers two models: stationarity around a deterministic level and stationarity around a deterministic trend. There is no study, as far as we know, on the statistical properties of the test when the wrong model is used. We also consider the case of the simultaneous presence of the two types of models in a panel. We employ two asymptotics: joint asymptotic, T, N →∞ simultaneously, and T fixed and N allowed to grow indefinitely. We use Monte Carlo experiments to investigate the effects of misspecification in sample sizes usually used in practice. The results indicate that the assumption that T is fixed rather than asymptotic leads to tests that have less size distortions, particularly for relatively small T with large N panels (micro‐panels) than the tests derived under the joint asymptotics. We also find that choosing a deterministic trend when a deterministic level is true does not significantly affect the properties of the test. But, choosing a deterministic level when a deterministic trend is true leads to extreme over‐rejections. Therefore, when unsure about which model has generated the data, it is suggested to use the model with a trend. We also propose a new statistic for testing for stationarity in mixed panel data where the mixture is known. The performance of this new test is very good for both cases of T asymptotic and T fixed. The statistic for T asymptotic is slightly undersized when T is very small (≤10).
ON NON‐MONETARY MEASURES IN THE FACE OF RISKS AND THE SIGNS OF THE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Courbage Christophe , Rey Béatrice 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTVulnerability of both prudence and temperance towards a sure loss and towards a zero‐mean background risk seems to be a very realistic assumption on individual preference. This paper shows that when the concepts of prudence and temperance are defined in non‐monetary terms, the above assumption is equivalent to the usual signs of the successive derivatives of the utility function.
The Global Adherence Project (GAP): a multicenter observational study on adherence to disease‐modifying therapies in patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Devonshire V. , Lapierre Y. , Macdonell R. , Ramo‐Tello C. , Patti F. , Fontoura P. , Suchet L. , Hyde R. , Balla I. , Frohman E. M. , Kieseier B. C. ,   for the GAP Study Group
Published: June 2010

Background:  Most disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) are self‐injectable medications that must be taken on an ongoing basis to reduce disease activity. Thus, adherence to therapy becomes an important challenge that must be addressed to maximize benefits of therapy. This study evaluated rates of adherence to prescribed treatment and explored factors affecting adherence amongst patients with relapsing‐remitting MS.Methods:  This was an observational, multicenter, multinational, phase 4 study. Patients and physicians received paper questionnaires regarding adherence to DMTs approved at the time of the study, including intramuscular interferon beta‐1a (IFNβ‐1a), subcutaneous IFNβ‐1a, IFNβ‐1b, and glatiramer acetate. Quality of life and cognition data also were collected. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with adherence to long‐term DMTs.Results:  Two thousand six hundred and forty‐eight patients were studied, revealing an average treatment duration of 31 months. Seventy‐five percent of patients (n = 1923) were adherent to therapy. The most common reasons for non‐adherence were forgetting to administer the injection (50.2%) and other injection‐related reasons (32.0%). Adherent patients reported better quality of life (P < 0.05) and fewer neuropsychological issues (P < 0.001) than non‐adherent patients. Adherent patients had significantly shorter duration of disease (P < 0.001) and shorter duration of therapy (P = 0.005) than non‐adherent patients. Women were more likely than men to adhere to treatment.Conclusion:  Identifying factors that affect adherence to prescribed treatments is the first step in improving adherence of patients with MS to therapy, thereby helping maximize the benefits of long‐term DMTs.