bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P03-338 - The Effects of Baclofen on the Escalation of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Rats Selectively Bred for High and Low Saccharin Preference
Authors: Holtz N.A. , Anker J.J. , Carroll M.E. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionPrevious research has indicated that rats selectively bred for high and low saccharin preference exhibit differential drug-taking behavior within multiple phases of the animal model of human drug abuse. Namely, rats bred for high saccharin preference (HiS) show heightened vulnerability to addiction compared to rats bred for low saccharin preference (LoS). Prior research has also shown phenotypes that confer vulnerability to be more responsive to pharmacological interventions. For example, the GABA(B) agonist baclofen is more effective at blocking cocaine acquisition in female rats, who are typically more vulnerable to addiction, compared to males.ObjectivesTo examine the differential effects of baclofen on the escalation of cocaine-seeking behavior in female rats bred for high and low saccharin preference.MethodsHiS and LoS female rats were trained to administer cocaine (0.4 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) within daily 2-hr sessions under a fixed ratio (FR1) schedule until criteria for stability were met. Next, the escalation phase began in which daily session length was extended to 6-hrs for 21 days. Thirty minutes prior to session during this phase, one HiS and one LoS group of rats received baclofen injections (1.25 mg/kg) while one HiS and one LoS group received saline injections.ResultsBaclofen potentiated escalation of cocaine infusions in HiS rats compared to HiS rats treated with saline. Conversely, baclofen attenuated escalation in LoS rats.ConclusionsWhile these results do not support the original hypothesis of the present study, they underscore the importance of considering vulnerability factors while treating human drug addiction.
P03-342 - The European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees Research Group; Initial Findings
Authors: Jauhar S. ,   European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) Research Group
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT), a trainee-led organisation, encompassing official representatives from 24 countries, set up a research group to foster trainee-led collaborative research, emphasising training and clinical practice.ObjectivesThe first survey of the group assessed trainees’ treatment choices for patients and themselves, across psychiatric disorders, in addition to factors influencing decision-making and guideline use.MethodsA web-based survey was piloted, and distributed to 16 European countries. For validity, a 50% response rate from a homogenous sample, with sample size 50 or more was required,Results12 countries met inclusion criteria.(a)Antipsychotic choice and factors influencing decision-making93% (n=600) of respondents chose to prescribe 2nd Generation atypical antipsychotics for patients, and 89% (n=530) chose this treatment for themselves. 79% (n=458) of respondents felt efficacy was the most important factor influencing decision-making.(b)Mood stabiliser choice and factors influencing decision-making 41% (n=263) of trainees chose to prescribe lithium to patients, with 35% (n=224) stating they would wish to receive this themselves. 66% (n=538) of respondents felt perceived efficacy was the most important factor influencing decision-making.(c)Antidepressant choice and factors influencing decision-making 75% (n-461) of trainees would prescribe SSRIs to patients with a moderate depressive episode, 78% (n=438) wishing to receive SSRIs themselves. 67% (n=523) of respondents felt efficacy to be the most important determining facor.ConclusionsTrainees are able to provide clinically-relevant research through trainee networks, and a number of decisions governing treatment do not appear to be based on current evidence.
P03-358 Clozapine May be the Answer: a Case Report of Elevated Serum Creatine Kinase in the Absence of NMS
Authors: Mohandas A. , Talwar N. , James A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo highlight significant increase in serum creatine kinase(CK) without occurrence of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), during treatment with atypical antipsychotics (Olanzapine and/or Quetiapine) in a patient with paranoid schizophrenia and the absence of recurrence on treatment with Clozapine.MethodsClinical biochemistry data was collected at regular intervals to monitor the relevant changes in serum CK levels,of a patient with paranoid schizophrenia who was an inpatient in our low secure forensic psychiatric ward in 2008-09. We also did a literature search in Pubmed and Google with the key words ‘Increase in serum Creatine Kinase’ and ‘antipsychotics’.ResultsOur patient developed a significant increase in serum CK levels with Olanzapine and also Quetiapine without the occurence of NMS. The CK levels came back to normal on stopping these medications.Following this he was initiated on Clozapine and has remained stable for almost a year without a significant increase in serum CKlevels. There have been previous case reports on the use of Clozapine in patients with significant increase in CK secondary to other antipsychotics, without recurrence in elevation of creatine kinase.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware that Clozapine can be considered as a treatment option in patients presenting with (non NMS) significant increase in CK due to other antipsychotics. Clozapine has been known to cause Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and previous literature suggests Clozapine-induced NMS may present with fewer extrapyramidal side effects and a lower rise in Creatine Kinase levels.
P03-362 - Efficiency of Risperidone in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Popovic I. , Popovic V. 
Published: June 2010

This prospective study was carried out on 53 in-patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia. Before the Risperidone treatment they were on the convenient antipsychotic therapy - haloperidol average doses 9.6 mg pro die, or Fluphenazine average 4.2 mg pro die.The aim of the study was to follow up therapeutically effects of Risperidone, using PANSS scale for schizophrenia, during two months, by two- weeks visits.ResultsOn average dose of Risperidone 5.1 mg pro die there was found 18.2% reduction on the Positive syndrome scale after two months. Negative syndrome scale showed improvement of 20.5%; General psychopathology scale was reduced for 15.7%. Finally, total PANSS score was reduced 17.2%. Results were also discussed according to sex, age, illness duration and schizophrenia type.ConclusionTherapeutically efficacy of Risperidone has been shown on the positive, as so as the negative schizophrenia symptoms. Better results were in disorganized form of schizophrenia then the paranoid form.
P03-366 - Effects of a Modified RTMS Stimulation Protocol: Contrasting the Efficacy of 800 and 2000 Daily Pulses
Authors: Richter K. , Scholz F. , Acker J. , Niklewski G. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThe Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of Nuremberg established rTMS as a standard tool in the treatment of patients with depressive disorder since 2001. The stimulation protocol was modified in October 2008 to match the current standard procedure reported in the literature. The pulse number was heightened form 800 to 2000 per proceeding. This study examines the effects of the modified stimulation protocol and contrasts the results with the former stimulation efficacy.MethodsThe authors compared patients suffering from depression, who were treated by rTMS with 800 pulses/day and with 2000 pulses/day. The results of psychological examinations (MADRS, HAMD, BDI, grading, cognitive screening) prior to and afterwards the three-weeks-rTMS-cycle were submitted. Variance analyses were used for statistical reason.ResultsThe subsamples were comparable by sex, age, premorbid intellectual level as well as by self- and other-rated depression severity at treatment beginning. Statistical analyses showed a significant reduction of the depression symptoms in both stimulation protocol groups. Solely the HAMD score reduction in the 2000 pulse sample exceeded the decrease in the 800 pulse sample. Analogically the grading of human functions partly differed depending on the sample affiliation. Concerning the screening of cognitive functioning neither group was impaired.ConclusionsrTMS still seems to be a well-functioning tool in the treatment of depressive disorders in the bounds of daily psychiatric health care. Although the modified stimulation protocol didn’t show many advantages in respect to improving depression symptoms, the results indicate the continual adjustment of the stimulation parameter to meet the current standards.
P03-374 - Disturbances of Functioning of Benzodiazepine Receptors on Platelets in Alcoholic Patients
Authors: Shushpanova T. , Semke V. 
Published: June 2010

Recent observations on the steroid synthetic capability within the brain open the possibility that benzodiazepines may influence steroid synthesis in nervous tissue through interactions with peripheral-type benzodiazepine recognition sites, which are highly expressed in steroidogenic cells and associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane.MethodsFor the investigation well be study binding of 3H-PK11195 with mitochondrial membranes prepared from different brain regions and the binding of 3H-PK 11195 with peripheral blood trombocytes were separated from fresh blood.ResultsA comparative studies of 3H-PK11195 binding to PBR from brain cortex, caudatus and cerebellum in alcoholics (A) and non-alcoholics (NA) post-mortem showed that properties of PBR are not identical in different brain regions. The largest density of binding sites was found in brain cortex, the less one - in cerebellum and in nucleus caudatus (in A and in NA). The highest binding affinity for the PBR was found in nucleus caudatus than for PBR in brain cortex and in cerebellum (in A and in NA). Study of the properties of PBR in NA (non-alcoholic) and A (alcoholic) in different brain structures showed the reduction of the affinity and increasing of PBR binding sites in A. We found similar alterations of PBR in peripheral blood trombocytes that suggests close connection between central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptor systemsConclusionComplex central actions of ethanol could include effects on neurosteroid production mediated through peripheral types of benzodiazepine receptors located in mitochondrial membranes in nervous tissue and plasmatic membrane of trombocytes.
P03-376 - The Relevance of Doses for Comparing Haloperidol, Risperidone and Olanzapine
Authors: Fischer-Barnicol D. , Koch H. , Lanquillon S. , Haen E. , Leucht S. , Stoppe G. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionWhen comparing the efficay of antipsychotics in clinical studies it would be of high practical relevance to know which doses of the respective drugs would result in equivalent blocking of dopamine-D2-receptors. This study aimed to find clinically applicable dose equivalents for haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine.MethodAs the occurrence of EPS correlates closely with a blockade of about 80% or more of dopamin-D2-receptors the proportion of patients developing EPS in relation to various doses of either Haloperidol (n=5252), risperidone (n=5017) or olanzapine (n =5029) was calculated. This retrospective, observational study included 20.252 inpatients from 20 hospitals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders (ICD10 F20-25). The prescription of anticholinergic medication was utilized as surrogate parameter for the occurrence of EPS. OR, RR and NNH under different doses of AP were calculated and data entered into a probit model to predict the risk of EPS over a continuous dose range. For filtering the data ToscanaJ (FBA) was used.Results1.)Same doses of risperidone and haloperidol induced the same proportion of EPS, reflected in a constant dose ratio of both drugs of ∼ 1:1 over the whole dose range.2.)Over the whole dose range there was no linear relation between olanzapine on one hand and haloperidol and risperidone on the other hand.3.)The results were corroborated by the probit analysis.ConclusionsPrevious clinical trials comparing olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol found higher risks of EPS for Haloperidol. We propose a new model to calculate dose equivalents.
P03-380 - The Efficacy of Psychopharmacologic Treatment in Depressive Disorder Associated with Parkinson's Disease Dementia
Authors: Vasile D. , Vasiliu O. , Vasile M.L. , Bogdan V. , Badescu E. , Mangalagiu A.G. , Stanescu B. , Petrescu B.M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo evaluate the comparative efficacy of 3 antidepressants, each representative of a distinct psychopharmacologic class, in the treatment of depressive disorders associated to Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD).MethodsA group of 23 patients, mean age 72.1, diagnosed with PDD for at least 2 years, who were admitted in our department for a major depressive episode (DSM IV TR), received antidepressant treatment with escitalopram (mean dose 15 mg daily, n=7), duloxetine (mean dose 45 mg daily, n=8) or trazodone (mean dose 150 mg daily, n=8). All patients received treatment for PDD with rivastigmine or donepezil continuously, for at least 12 months. The distribution of patients on the antidepressant treatment was randomized, in a single-blind manner. Patients were evaluated monthly, for 6 months, using Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression- 17 items, Clinical Global Impression-Improvement and Mini Mental Status Examination.ResultsPatients treated with duloxetine had the most significant improvement in the depressive symptoms, as the endpoint MADRS (-18.6+/-2.3, p< 0.01), HAMD (-13.2+/-1.1, p< 0.01) and CGI-I (- 3.2+/-0.5, p< 0.01) scores reflected. The differences between escitalopram and trazodone didn’t reach a significant level but, overall, both improved the depressive symptoms compared to baseline (p< 0.05). The difference between duloxetine and the other two antidepressants became significant after 8 weeks (p< 0.01). The severity of dementia symptoms didn’t vary significantly between the three groups at endpoint.ConclusionDuloxetine had proven itself more efficient than escitalopram and trazodone in the improvement of the depressive symptoms in PDD.
P03-384 - Orexins: an Addicting Lesson in the Treatment of Dependence
Authors: Xiu P.Y. , Masand S. , Agius M. , Zaman R. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionOrexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides are produced by a cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus. They are central to a variety of functions, including promoting arousal and sleep, feeding and metabolism, addiction and regulating motivation. Deficiencies and over-activation in each of these functional systems have a great impact on the daily lives of millions. We need to apply the lessons learned from the current knowledge to potentially modulate them by pharmocological interference in a clinical setting.ObjectivesTo analyse current experimental literature on the orexin pathways in reward and addiction; assessing potential molecular targets for pharmacological interference; reviewing clinical evidence already available.MethodsPubMed - searched with MeSH term “orexin” or “hypocretin”, with additional terms; “addiction”, “stress”, “relapse”, “VTA”, “Nucleus Accumbens”, “treatment”.ResultsWe outline all the important parmacological targets through which orexins have their effect via different downstream effectors. Moreover we propose that since orexins have an important interplay with corticotrophin-releasing-factor (CRF) in the role of stress-mediated drug-seeking behaviour; it is a ripe target for intervention. Novel, orally administered orexin antagonists, have potential to promote sleep and attenuate reward circuitry, however only within narrow therapeutic ranges.ConclusionOrexin functions are so wide-ranging that systemic orexin antagonism would cause detrimental side-effects, unless low enough doses are applied. Therefore molecule-specific and locationspecific down-stream targeting will be required, using knowledge of experimentally elucidated molecular mechanisms. Various orexin agonists and antagonists are available, and by understanding their mechanism of interaction we can potentially use them as a model for future treatments of addiction.
P02-293 - Non-Psychotic Mental Disorders with Hyperventilation Syndrome
Authors: Aksenova O.V. , Gutkevich E.V. , Epanchintseva E.M. , Maltsev V.S. , Ryadovaya L.A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveWe investigated biological and clinical-genealogical peculiarities in families of patients suffering from non-psychotic mental disorders with disturbance of respiratory system function - hyperventilation syndrome (HVS).MethodsWe studied content of alveomucin in serum of blood of 43 patients from them 40 women and 3 men. Age was from 18 to 63 years. Genealogies of families of patients with indication of mental and somatic health of relatives were composed.ResultsIn personal assessment of patients in 39 from 43 cases (90%) hysteric traits of various degree of severity. In 18 cases HVS was manifested as vegetative crises while in 25 cases disturbances of respiration were not abruptly expressed but permanent. Concentration of alveomucin in persons with hysteric disorders constitutes 20,87±1,85, in patients with adjustment disorders with predominance of depressive reactions this index is 24,91±3,36, what is somewhat higher of content of alveomucin in mentally healthy persons (20,21±4,17). In families of patients relatives of first degree with personal peculiarities and mental disorders have been revealed as well as somatic diseases of organs of respiratory system.ConclusionNon-psychotic mental disorders with disturbance of function of respiratory system are accompanied by increase of content of alveomucin in serum of blood of patients and mental peculiarities and diseases of respiratory system in nearest relatives.
P02-299 - Alexithymia in Diabetes Type2
Authors: Damak R. , Mnif L. , Masmoudi J. , Halwani N. , Mnif F. , Baati I. , Jaoua A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesIn our study, we compared the prevalence of alexithymia in diabetic patients with non-diabetic controls and investigated the relationship between Alexithymia and glycaemic control in diabetes.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, TAS-20 scores of 100 diabetic patients and 50 non-diabetic controls were compared.A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data to describe the participants and aspects of their diabetes.ResultsPrevalence of Alexithymia was not significantly higher than in the control (45% Vs 40%;p=0.56).The diabetic study population was predominantly female (71%) and married (73%).The average age in diabetic population: 56.21 years (ET=10.58); starting age: 46.8 years; average duration of diabetes: 9.41 years.Alexithymic diabetic patients have more traumatic events (93.3% Vs 78.2%; p=0.035), especially such as the death of a parent (73.3% Vs 50.9%; p=0.022), than non-alexithymic counterparts. Factors such as comorbidities and presence of diabetic complications were not significantly associated with TAS-20.Alexithymic diabetic patients were under a worse glycaemic control compared to their non-alexithymic counterparts (84.4% Vs 65.5%; p=0.031).ConclusionThe high prevalence of alexithymia among diabetic individuals is an indicator of its importance in the approach to diabetic patients. The presence of alexithymia seems to be related to glycaemic control and might be of value in terms of risk stratification of the individual diabetic patient for developing diabetic complications.
P02-301 - Cognitive and Psycopathological Dimentions of Eating Disorders
Authors: Erzegovesi S. , Galimberti E. , Ricceri A. , Fadda E. , Catenazzi U. , Bellodi L. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesSeveral studies have examined the neuropsychological functioning in patients with Eating Disorders (ED) suggesting that they could be related to an impairment in several areas. We investigate such cognitive functions especially decision making and visual-spatial memory in an independent sample of patients suffering from ED and to evaluate possible differences between patients suffering from Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) as well as between ED subjects and healthy controls.MethodsTrial Making Test (TMT), Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Gambling Task (GT) were administered to 15 AN patients 12 BN patients and 19 healthy subjects.ResultsWe observed that 80% of AN and the 75% of BN subjects performed poorly in the IGT compared to the healthy subjects (36,8%). Similarly, ED patients committed more mistakes and employed more time to complete TMT compared to healthy controls. However, no significant difference was found between ED groups and healthy subjects with respect to GT. Further, no significant difference was observed between AN and BN subjects with respect to IGT and GT.ConclusionOur results suggested that patients with ED could have a significant deficit in visual-spatial attention. As a consequence they need more time to complete the task and make more mistakes. Furthermore ED patient had a deficit in decision making tasks as well. This could reflect deficits in planning long term strategies to approach problems, possibly leading to improper behaviors for the control of their weight.
P02-312 - Influence of Anxiety and Depression on Oxidative Status in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Marcoci D. , Chirita A.L. , Benea S. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundThe psychological care of patients before and after surgical intervention is a component of quality of life. We observed that anxiety and/or depression frequently appears at surgical patients and, also, in their relatives. If psychological symptoms are correlated to the biological status of the surgical patients, for their relatives emotional stress is linked to patient's somatic and psychological status.ObjectivesTo highlight the role of emotional stress associated to anesthetic surgical stress for the increase of the defense reaction of the organism.Method37 patients and 10 relatives completed the Hamilton Scales for Depression and Anxiety. Relatives also answered an open questionnaire to explore the perceived impact of plastic surgery on their own lives.ResultsPatients’ relatives reported more troubling and life-altering experiences than the patients and scores for anxiety were higher.ConclusionsThe generalization of our results is still limited by the small number of participants in this study. However, it seems that psychological needs of relatives are equal or greater than that of the patients. Scores on Hamilton Anxiety Scale don’t seem correlated to Total Antioxidant Response (TAR), but are influenced by diet; for this reason, it is useful to add synthetic exogenous antioxidants (not only natural ones) to the diet of anxious surgical patients.
P02-313 - Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Hypochondria
Authors: Markovic O. , Becir K. 
Published: June 2010

Hypochondria belongs to a group of somatic-formed deseases. It is actively characterized by somatic difficulties for which no organic cause was found. This desease often appears between the twenties and thirties and can not be related to the race, socioeconomic status or the level of education.The traditional approach to the hypochondria is based on the process of reasurring the patient, making him believe that there is nothing wrong with him. This often leads toward the opposite effect.On the other side, KBT approach offers the treatment that includes few steps: behavioral evaluation, education, self-motivation, cognitive intervention, behavioral experiments, working with ruminations, working with the patients’ continual need for being understood, their need to repeat medical researches, changing wrong assumptions, preventing relapse.CBT approach also emphasises understanding of the difficulties, offers alternative solutions, helps patients become more correct.