bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc(II) Complexes with Asymmetric 3,5‐Substituted 1H‐Pyrazoles
Authors: Malinkin Sergey O. , Penkova Larysa , Moroz Yurii S. , Haukka Matti , Maciag Anna , Gumienna‐Kontecka Elzbieta , Pavlenko Vadim A. , Pavlova Svetlana , Nordlander Ebbe , Fritsky Igor O. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTwo new pyrazolate‐based ligands, N′‐[1‐(3‐acetyl‐4‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl)ethylidene]‐2‐(hydroxyimino)propanehydrazide (L1) and 5‐[(E)‐1‐(2‐{(E)‐2‐(hydroxyimino}propanoyl}hydrazono)ethyl]‐4‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylic acid (L2), were synthesized and studied for zinc(II) complexation. A set of pH‐dependent UV/Vis measurements has been performed to determine the complex formation properties of L2. According to the calculations, in solution, L2 forms variously protonated mononuclear (ZnII/L2 = 1:1) and dinuclear (ZnII/L2 = 2:1) complexes. The reaction of the deprotonated ligands with hydrated ZnII salts and slow diffusion of ammonia into the reaction mixtures gave mononuclear [Zn(L1‐2H)(NH3)2]·DMF (1) and trinuclear μ‐pyrazolato‐bridged [Zn3(L2‐3H)2(NH3)5]·4H2O (3). In both complexes, the zinc ions are in the same distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal environment, coordinated to two nitrogen atoms of the ammonia and one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms of the pyrazolate and hydrazide groups. The molecular structures of all of the ligands and complexes have been elucidated by X‐ray crystallography.
Insertion of Symmetric Alkynes into the σ[Pd–C(sp2, Ferrocene)] Bond of Palladacycles with [C(sp2, Ferrocene),N,S(Thienyl)]– Pincer Ligands
Authors: López Concepción , Salmi Mauro , Mas Antoni , Piotrowski Piotr , Font Bardía Mercè , Calvet Teresa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA study of the reactivity of [Pd({(η5‐C5H3)–CH=N–(CH2)n–(C4H3S)}Fe{η5‐C5H5})Cl], n = 2 (1e) or 1 (1f), with symmetric alkynes R1–C≡C–R1 (R1 = CO2Me, Et or Ph) has allowed us to achieve the di‐μ‐chloro‐bridged complexes [Pd({(MeO2C–C=C–CO2Me)(η5‐C5H3)–CH=N–(CH2)n–(C4H3S)}Fe{η5‐C5H5})μ‐Cl]2, n = 2 (3e) or 1 (3f), and the mononuclear derivatives [Pd({(MeO2C–C=C–CO2Me)(η5‐C5H3)–CH=N–(CH2)n–(C4H3S)}Fe{η5‐C5H5})Cl(PPh3)], n = 2 (4e) or 1 (4f), [Pd({(R1–C=C–R1)2(η5‐C5H3)–CH=N–(CH2)n–(C4H3S)}Fe{η5‐C5H5})Cl],R1 = CO2Me, n = 2 (5e) or 1 (5f), R1 = Et, n = 2 (6e) or 1 (6f), or R1 = Ph, n = 2 (7e), and [Pd({(Ph–C=C–Ph)2(η5‐C5H3)–CH=N–(CH2)–(C4H3S)}Fe{η5‐C5H5})Cl(PPh3)] (7f·1/2Ph–C≡C–Ph). With MeO2C–C≡C–CO2Me, mono‐ (3e, 3f, 4e and 4f) and bis‐insertion complexes (5e and 5f) were obtained, whereas for R1–C≡C–R1 with R1 = Et or Ph, only bis‐insertion products (6e, 6f, 7e and 7f) were isolated. These studies also proved that 1e and 1f, which have a labile Pd–S(thienyl) bond, are more prone to undergo the insertion of R1–C≡C–R1 (R1 = CO2Me, Et or Ph) than their analogues with [C(sp2, ferrocene), N, X]– [X = O, N(amine) or S(thioether)] pincer ligands.
Antifungal and antibacterial effects of 1‐monocaprylin on textile materials
Authors: Vltavská Pavlína , Kašpárková Věra , Janiš Rahula , Buňková Leona 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe efficacy of a new antimicrobial treatment of textile materials based on the use of 1‐monocaprylin against various species of saprophytic moulds (Alternaria alternate CCM F‐397, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Mucor racemosus CCM 8190, Penicillium ochrochloron CCM F‐158, Trichoderma viridae CCM F‐728), pathogenic moulds (Epidermophyton floccosum CCM 8339, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, Trichophyton rubrum DSMZ 4167), pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosis CCM 8260), Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6853) was investigated. The testing was carried out according to DIN EN ISO 20645 disc‐diffusions test, using a 2‐layer method. The results showed that 1‐monocaprylin effectively killed all tested bacterial strains and pathogenic microorganisms with an exception of saprophytic moulds only, which were partially resistant. Textiles treated with 1‐monocaprylin reduced the growth of pathogenic, potentially dangerous microorganisms frequently occurring for example on the feet and in the shoes.Practical applications: To prevent microbial contamination leading to degradation of textile materials, various antimicrobial agents aimed at killing or suppressing of microorganism growth are applied. Among others, also MAGs belong to safe and efficient antimicrobial agents. Their application in antimicrobial treatment of textiles may be a suitable alternative to commercially used antimicrobial agents, as these endogenous lipid substances are present almost in all animal and plant tissues and are harmless to human body. The present study has confirmed that MAGs possess a suitable inhibitory activity when applied on textiles and are capable of hindering and even suppressing growth of bacteria and moulds that may occur during storage and use of textiles. The obtained results can be closely related to potential industrial applications of MAGs as effective agents for antimicrobial textiles and lining and insole materials for footwear, including those designed for diabetics.
Cooling rate and dilution affect the nanostructure and microstructure differently in model fats
Authors: Maleky Fatemeh , Acevedo Nuria C. , Marangoni Alejandro G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe effects of cooling rate and solid mass fraction on the polymorphism, nano and microstructure, thermal and rheological properties of binary mixtures of fully hydrogenated canola oil and canola oil at 20°C have been studied. The β‐polymorph was observed in fully hydrogenated canola oil (FHCO) when crystallized at slow cooling rates (0.1C°/min), however crystallization at higher cooling rates (0.7 and 10°C/min) resulted in the formation of the α form. The β‐polymorph was detected in all the binary mixtures of FHCO/canola oil and was not affected by crystallization at different cooling rates. Melting thermograms obtained from 100% FHCO displayed three melting peaks, associated with the development of the β‐polymorph via α→ β′→ β‐polymorphic transition in the DSC pan. Some solubilization of solid FHCO into canola oil was observed and the solubility was proportionally higher with increasing liquid oil fraction. The strong influence of the matrix concentration on micro/nanoscale structure was demonstrated by characterization of crystal size using cryogenic transmission electron (Cryo‐TEM) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). Crystallization under higher cooling rates lead to formation of smaller nano and meso‐structural elements. Furthermore, oscillatory rheology showed the influence of structural elements' size and polymorphism on material strength. The shear storage modulus (G′) of the mixtures was higher when crystallized at fast cooling rates (10°C/min). In contrast, for pure FHCO, G′ increased by lowering the cooling rate and the highest storage modulus was observed after crystallization at 0.1°C/min.
Measuring gravel transport and dispersion in a mountain river using passive radio tracers
Authors: Nathan Bradley D. , Tucker Gregory E. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTRandom walk models of fluvial sediment transport recognize that grains move intermittently, with short duration steps separated by rests that are comparatively long. These models are built upon the probability distributions of the step length and the resting time. Motivated by these models, tracer experiments have attempted to measure directly the steps and rests of sediment grains in natural streams. This paper describes results from a large tracer experiment designed to test stochastic transport models. We used passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to label 893 coarse gravel clasts and placed them in Halfmoon Creek, a small alpine stream near Leadville, Colorado, USA. The PIT tags allow us to locate and identify tracers without picking them up or digging them out of the streambed. They also enable us to find a very high percentage of our rocks, 98% after three years and 96% after the fourth year. We use the annual tracer displacement to test two stochastic transport models, the Einstein–Hubbell–Sayre (EHS) model and the Yang–Sayre gamma‐exponential model (GEM). We find that the GEM is a better fit to the observations, particularly for slower moving tracers and suggest that the strength of the GEM is that the gamma distribution of step lengths approximates a compound Poisson distribution. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Experimental and mathematical analysis of fuel penetration through unconsolidated porous media
Authors: Zanganeh Jafar , Moghtaderi Behdad 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTFlame spread over porous media due to accidental fuel spillage is a major fire safety concern. The behaviour of flame under such conditions greatly depends on the availability of fuel at combustion zone. A combined experimental and mathematical study was carried out to investigate the rate of fuel penetration through porous beds at different fuel ratios. Propanol at three different fuel ratios of 0.1, 0.125 and 0.15 and sand particles ranging in diameters from 0.5 to 5 mm were employed as liquid fuel and porous bed, respectively.Results showed that fuel penetration rate was a function of permeability of porous bed and mass of the liquid fuel. The permeability of porous bed and consequently the rate of fuel penetration decreased as either the tortuosity or the specific surface area was increased.Fuel penetration measurement and mathematical results indicated that the rate of fuel penetration is directly proportional to the fuel ratio. The fuel penetration rate was found to be higher for larger fuel ratios compared with that for small ratios. The difference between the fuel penetration rate for two consecutive fuel ratios for a given particle size was 25%. The predicted results were in good agreement with those acquired experimentally. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of element order and interface reconstruction in FEM/volume‐of‐fluid incompressible flow simulation
Authors: Schofield Samuel P. , Christon Mark A. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYIn previous studies, the moment‐of‐fluid interface reconstruction method showed dramatic accuracy improvements in static and pure advection tests over existing methods, but this did not translate into an equivalent improvement in volume‐tracked multimaterial incompressible flow simulation using low‐order finite elements. In this work, the combined effects of the spatial discretization and interface reconstruction in flow simulation are examined. The mixed finite element pairs, Q1Q0 (with pressure stabilization) and Q2P − 1 are compared. Material order‐dependent and material order‐independent first and second‐order accurate interface reconstruction methods are used. The Q2P − 1 elements show significant improvements in computed flow solution accuracy for single material flows but show reduced convergence using element‐average piecewise constant density and viscosity in volume‐tracked simulations. In general, a refined Q1Q0 grid, with better material interface resolution, provided an accuracy similar to the Q2P − 1 element grid with a comparable number of degrees of freedom. Moment‐of‐fluid shows more benefit from the higher‐order accurate flow simulation than the LVIRA, Youngs', and power diagram interface reconstruction methods, especially on unstructured grids, but does not recover the dramatic accuracy improvements it has shown in advection tests. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A new whole genome amplification method for studying clonal evolution patterns in malignant colorectal polyps
Authors: Hirsch Daniela , Camps Jordi , Varma Sudhir , Kemmerling Ralf , Stapleton Mark , Ried Thomas , Gaiser Timo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTo identify the genetic drivers of colorectal tumorigenesis, we applied array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to 13 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples of early, localized human colon adenocarcinomas arising in high‐grade adenomas (so‐called “malignant polyps”). These lesions are small and hence the amount of DNA is limited. Additionally, the quality of DNA is compromised due to the fragmentation as a consequence of formalin fixation. To overcome these problems, we optimized a newly developed isothermal whole genome amplification system (NuGEN Ovation® WGA FFPE System). Starting with 100 ng of FFPE DNA, the amplification system produced 4.01 ± 0.29 μg (mean ± standard deviation) of DNA. The excellent quality of amplified DNA was further indicated by a high signal‐to‐noise ratio and a low derivative log2 ratio spread. Both, the amount of amplified DNA and aCGH performance were independent of the age of the FFPE blocks and the associated degradation of the extracted DNA. We observed losses of chromosome arms 5q and 18q in the adenoma components of the malignant polyp samples, while the embedded early carcinomas revealed losses of 8p, 17p, and 18, and gains of 7, 13, and 20. Aberrations detected in the adenoma components were invariably maintained in the embedded carcinomas. This approach demonstrates that using isothermally whole genome amplified FFPE DNA is technically suitable for aCGH. In addition to demonstrating the clonal origin of the adenoma and carcinoma part within a malignant polyp, the gain of chromosome arm 20q was an indicator for progression from adenoma to carcinoma. Published 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Illegitimate V(D)J recombination involving nonantigen receptor loci in lymphoid malignancy
Authors: Onozawa Masahiro , Aplan Peter D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractV(D)J recombination of antigen receptor loci (IGH, IGK, IGL, TCRA, TCRB, TCRG, and TCRD) is an essential mechanism that confers enormous diversity to the mammalian immune system. However, there are now at least six examples of intrachromosomal interstitial deletions caused by aberrant V(D)J recombination between nonantigen receptor loci; five of out these six are associated with lymphoid malignancy. The SIL‐SCL fusion and deletions of CDKN2A, IKZF1, Notch1, and Bcl11b are all associated with lymphoid malignancy. These interstitial deletions seem to be species specific, as the deletions seen in mice are not seen in humans; the converse is true as well. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these rearrangements reveals the hallmarks of V(D)J recombination, including site specificity near cryptic heptamer signal sequences, exonucleolytic “nibbling” at the junction site, and nontemplated “N”‐region nucleotide insertion at the junction site. Two of these interstitial deletions (murine Notch1 and Bcl11b deletions) have been detected, at low frequency, in tissues from healthy mice with no evidence of malignancy, similar to the finding of chromosomal translocations in the peripheral blood or tonsils of healthy individuals. The contention that these are mediated via V(D)J recombination is strengthened by in vivo assays using extrachromosomal substrates, and chromatin immunoprecipitation‐sequence analysis which shows Rag2 binding at the sites of rearrangement. Although the efficiency of these “illegitimate” recombination events is several orders of magnitude less than that at bona fide antigen receptor loci, the consequence of such deletions, namely activation of proto‐oncogenes or deletion of tumor suppressor genes, is devastating, and a major cause for lymphoid malignancy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aging of myelinating glial cells predominantly affects lipid metabolism and immune response pathways
Authors: Verdier Valérie , Csárdi Gábor , de Preux‐Charles Anne‐Sophie , Médard Jean‐Jacques , Smit August B. , Verheijen Mark H. G. , Bergmann Sven , Chrast Roman 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBoth the central and the peripheral nervous systems are prone to multiple age‐dependent neurological deficits, often attributed to still unknown alterations in the function of myelinating glia. To uncover the biological processes affected in glial cells by aging, we analyzed gene expression of the Schwann cell‐rich mouse sciatic nerve at 17 time points throughout life, from day of birth until senescence. By combining these data with the gene expression data of myelin mouse mutants carrying deletions of either Pmp22, SCAP, or Lpin1, we found that the majority of age‐related transcripts were also affected in myelin mutants (54.4%) and were regulated during PNS development (59.5%), indicating a high level of overlap in implicated molecular pathways. The expression profiles in aging copied the direction of transcriptional changes observed in neuropathy models; however, they had the opposite direction when compared with PNS development. The most significantly altered biological processes in aging involved the inflammatory/immune response and lipid metabolism. Interestingly, both these pathways were comparably changed in the aging optic nerve, suggesting that similar biological processes are affected in aging of glia‐rich parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Our comprehensive comparison of gene expression in three distinct biological conditions including development, aging, and myelin disease thus revealed a previously unanticipated relationship among themselves and identified lipid metabolism and inflammatory/immune response pathways as potential therapeutical targets to prevent or delay so far incurable age‐related and inherited forms of neuropathies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fatty liver index, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and early carotid plaques
Authors: Kozakova Michaela , Palombo Carlo , Eng Marco Paterni , Dekker Jacqueline , Flyvbjerg Allan , Mitrakou Asimina , Gastaldelli Amalia , Ferrannini Ele 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

An association between fatty liver and carotid atherosclerosis has been established; however, it is not clear whether this relationship is a consequence of shared conventional risk factors or whether it is determined by specific circulating factors originating from liver or adipose tissue. To identify the factors possibly linking fatty liver and atherosclerosis, we assessed, in 1,012 subjects free of confounding diseases (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and dyslipidemia) and metabolic syndrome, the relationship between the presence of early plaques at carotid bifurcation and fatty liver index (FLI; a validated surrogate marker of fatty liver), as well as the associations between carotid plaque presence and established atherosclerotic risk factors, family history of cardiovascular disease (FH-CVD) or diabetes, insulin sensitivity, serum liver enzymes, adipokines, fatty free acids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A total of 55 of 1,012 subjects (5.4%) had small plaque at carotid bifurcation. Subjects with plaque were older and had higher prevalence of FLI ≥60 and FH-CVD, higher blood pressure, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and hsCRP, as compared to subjects without plaques (

P

< 0.05). In a logistic regression model, adjusted for sex, liver transaminase, and alcohol consumption, the independent predictors of plaque presence were age (

P

< 0.0005), FLI ≥60 (

P

< 0.0005), and current smoking (

P

< 0.05). When FLI in the model was replaced by variables used in its equation (e.g., body mass index, waist circumference, plasma triglycerides, and GGT), the independent determinants of plaque presence were age (

P

< 0.001), GGT (

P

= 0.001), and current smoking (

P

< 0.05).

Conclusions:

Our cross-sectional study suggests that subjects with FLI ≥60 are at higher risk of atherosclerotic lesions, independently of established risk factors, and that serum GGT may represent a link between fatty liver and the development of early atherosclerosis. (Hepatology 2012)
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces wasting and improves outcome in a rat model of cancer cachexia
Authors: Springer Jochen , Tschirner Anika , Hartman Kai , Palus Sandra , Wirth Eva K. , Ruis Silvia Busquets , Möller Nadine , von Haehling Stephan , Argiles Josep M. , Köhrle Josef , Adams Volker , Anker Stefan D. , Doehner Wolfram 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCachexia is a common co‐morbidity in cancer occurring in up to 80% of patients depending on the type of cancer. Uric acid (UA), the end‐product of the purine metabolism, is elevated in cachexia due to tissue wasting and upregulated xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. High serum UA levels indicate increased XO‐dependent production of oxygen free radicals (reactive oxygen species; ROS) and correlate with metabolic illness and poor survival. We hypothesized that XO‐inhibition might reduce inflammatory signals accounting for tissue wasting and improve survival in experimental cancer cachexia. Animals were inoculated intraperitoneally with AH‐130 hepatoma cells and treated with two XO‐inhibitors: allopurinol [Allo, low (LD) and high dose (HD) 4 and 40 mg/kg/d] and its more effective active metabolite oxypurinol (Oxy, 4 and 40 mg/kg/d) or placebo for 15 days. Weight loss and tissue wasting of both fat and lean tissue (assessed by NMR‐scanning) was reduced by both LD and HD Allo and LD‐Oxy, but not by HD‐Oxy. A robust induction of XO‐activity for generation of reactive oxygen species was seen in the placebo group (assessed by electron paramagnetic spectroscopy), which was reduced by XO‐inhibition. Increased ROS induced cytokine signaling, proteolytic activity and tissue degradation were all attenuated by XO inhibition. Survival was significantly and dose dependently improved. Food intake and spontaneous locomotor activity were higher, indicating a higher quality of life. Inhibition of XO can reduce tissue wasting and improve survival in cancer cachexia and clearly clinical studies are needed.
Antiangiogenic gene therapy with soluble VEGF‐receptors ‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 together with paclitaxel prolongs survival of mice with human ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Sopo Minna , Anttila Maarit , Sallinen Hanna , Tuppurainen Laura , Laurema Anniina , Laidinen Svetlana , Hamalainen Kirsi , Tuunanen Pasi , Koponen Jonna K. , Kosma Veli‐Matti , Heinonen Seppo , Alitalo Kari , Yla‐Herttuala Seppo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe compared effects of antiangiogenic gene therapy with a combination of soluble sVEGFR‐1, sVEGFR‐2 and sVEGFR‐3 to chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel and to antiangiogenic monoclonal anti‐VEGF‐antibody bevacizumab in an intraperitoneal ovarian cancer xenograft model in mice (n = 80). Gene therapy was also combined with chemotherapy. Therapy was initiated when sizable tumors were confirmed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer was performed intravenously (2 × 109 pfu), while chemotherapy and monoclonal anti‐VEGF‐antibody were dosed intraperitoneally. The study groups were as follows: AdLacZ control (n = 21); combination of AdsVEGFR‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 (n = 21); combination of AdsVEGFR‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and paclitaxel (n = 9); bevacizumab (n = 14); paclitaxel (n = 9) and carboplatin (n = 5). Effectiveness was assessed by survival time and surrogate measures such as sequential MRI, immunohistochemistry, microvessel density and tumor growth. Antiangiogenic gene therapy combined with paclitaxel significantly prolonged the mean survival of mice (25 days) compared to the controls (15 days) and all other treatment groups (p = 0.001). Bevacizumab treatment did not have any significant effect on the survival. Tumors of the mice treated by gene therapy were significantly smaller than in the control group (p = 0.021). The mean vascular density and total vascular area were also significantly smaller in the tumors of the gene therapy group (p = 0.01). These results show potential of the antiangiogenic gene therapy to improve efficacy of chemotherapy with paclitaxel and support testing of this approach in a phase I clinical trial for the treatment of ovarian cancer.