bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced chondrogenic marker expression of human mesenchymal stem cells by interaction with both TGF‐β3 and hyaluronic acid
Authors: Bhang Suk Ho , Jeon Jeong‐Yi , La Wan‐Geun , Seong Jun Yeup , Hwang Jin Wook , Ryu Seong Eon , Kim Byung‐Soo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the additive effects of transforming growth factor‐beta3 (TGF‐β3) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The hMSCs were cultured on collagen type I‐, HA‐, or fibronectin‐coated cell culture dishes with or without TGF‐β3 added to the culture medium. Four weeks after cell culture, chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs was determined by evaluating the expression of cartilage‐specific markers using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot analysis. hMSCs cultured on HA‐coated dishes with TGF‐β3 supplementation revealed a prominent increase in collagen type II, aggrecan, and Sox9. When hMSCs were cultured without TGF‐β3 supplementation, only hMSCs cultured on HA‐coated dishes showed prominent expression of the cartilage‐specific markers. This study shows that chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs can be enhanced additively by interactions with both a specific cell‐adhesion matrix and a soluble growth factor.
Dimensions of Judgment: Factor Analysis of Individual Differences
Authors: Weaver Elise A. , Stewart Thomas R. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we explore a pattern of individual differences in performance on judgment tasks. One hundred participants completed a battery of standard judgment tasks, including multiple cue judgment and tasks based on the “heuristics and biases” and problem‐solving literature. Participants also completed tests of fluid and crystallized intelligence, forward digit span memory, and multiple cue probability learning. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated a two‐factor structure underlying performance on these tasks and tests. The two moderately correlated factors reflected a distinction between tasks requiring accurate judgments based on multiple cues (correspondence tasks) and those requiring coherent judgments (coherence tasks), in which probabilities are compared and combined. Measures of fluid and crystallized intelligence and forward digit span memory were correlated with both factors but were more associated with correspondence than with coherence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual Differences in Graph Literacy: Overcoming Denominator Neglect in Risk Comprehension
Authors: Okan Yasmina , Garcia‐Retamero Rocio , Cokely Edward T. , Maldonado Antonio 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTGraph literacy is an often neglected skill that influences decision making performance. We conducted an experiment to investigate whether individual differences in graph literacy affect the extent to which people benefit from visual aids (icon arrays) designed to reduce a common judgment bias (i.e., denominator neglect—a focus on numerators in ratios while neglecting denominators). Results indicated that icon arrays more often increased risk comprehension accuracy and confidence among participants with high graph literacy as compared with those with low graph literacy. Results held regardless of how the health message was framed (chances of dying versus chances of surviving). Findings contribute to our understanding of the ways in which individual differences in cognitive abilities interact with the comprehension of different risk representation formats. Theoretical, methodological, and prescriptive implications of the results are discussed (e.g., the effective communication of quantitative medical data). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing and inhibiting effects of benzenediols on chemiluminescence of a novel cyclometallated iridium(III) complex
Authors: Dong Yong Ping , Huang Li , Tong Bi Hai , Shi Ming Juan , Zhang Wang Bing , Zhang Qian Feng 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTA novel chemiluminescence (CL) system, including the cyclometallated iridium(III) complex {tris[1‐(2,6‐dimethylphenoxy)‐4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)phthalazine]iridium}, potassium permanganate and oxalic acid, is proposed for the determination of benzenediols. This method is based on the fact that hydroquinone and catechol exhibited an inhibiting effect, while resorcinol exhibited an enhancing effect on CL intensity. The optimum conditions for CL emission were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits of hydroquinone, catechol and resorcinol were 6.4 × 10−8, 2.7 × 10−9 and 8.1 × 10−7 mol/L, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of benzenediols in different types of water sample. The luminophors of the CL systems were all identified as the metal–ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) excited state of the iridium complex. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copper‐catalyzed divergent kinetic resolution of racemic allylic substrates
Authors: Pineschi Mauro , Bussolo Valeria DI , Crotti Paolo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWhen a racemic mixture is fully consumed the products may still be enantiomerically enriched. In particular, the regiodivergent kinetic resolution is a process in which a single chiral catalyst or reagent reacts with a racemic substrate to form regioisomers possessing an opposite configuration on the newly‐formed stereogenic centers. This review reports the major advances in the field of the copper‐catalyzed regiodivergent and stereodivergent kinetic resolution of allylic substrates with organometallic reagents. The chiral recognition matching phenomena found with particular allylic substrates with the absolute configuration of the chiral catalyst allows in some cases an excellent control of the regio‐ and stereoselectivity, sheding some light on the so‐called “black‐box” mechanism of a copper‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymerization of Vinylidene Difluoride in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Beginn Uwe , Najjar Reza , Ellmann Jürgen , Möller Martin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) in supercritical carbon dioxide is investigated with mixtures of carbon dioxide and vinylidene difluoride alone, as well as in the presence of macromolecular stabilizers my means of turbidimetry, and gravimetric measurements. The morphology of the obtained poly(vinylidene fluoride) powder, and the molecular weight distribution of the polymer was used to distinguish between homogeneous polymerization, precipitation polymerization, and dispersion polymerization due to the added macromolecular stabilizers. The effect of stabilizers and reaction conditions on the predominating locus of polymerization is discussed.
Measurement and Prediction of the Thermal Conductivity of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Rausch Michael H. , Krzeminski Kamil , Assenbaum Daniel , Wasserscheid Peter , Leipertz Alfred , Fröba Andreas P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDie Wärmeleitfähigkeiten von sieben ionischen Flüssigkeiten (ILs) mit dem Kation [EMIM] (1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) und vier ILs mit dem Anion [NTf2] (Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imid) wurden mithilfe einer stationären Plattenapparatur im Temperaturbereich zwischen 0 und 80 °C gemessen. Auf dieser Grundlage wurde eine einfache Beziehung zwischen der Wärmeleitfähigkeit, der molaren Masse und der Dichte der ILs bei konstanter Temperatur gefunden, die als nützliches Hilfsmittel zur Abschätzung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von beliebigen ILs dienen kann.
Ionic Liquids in Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Schlücker Eberhard , Wasserscheid Peter 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIonische Flüssigkeiten (ILs) bieten viele Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von Maschinen, die auf Schmierstoffe oder Betriebsflüssigkeiten angewiesen sind. Die hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen ergaben, dass verschiedene ILs geeignet sind, um z. B. Hochdruckprozesse effizienter zu machen und den Kraftstoffverbrauch von Verbrennungsmotoren zu senken. Es wird gezeigt, dass ionische Flüssigkeiten bei allen Maschinen mit Schmier‐ oder Betriebsflüssigkeiten Performanceverbesserungen bewirken können. Der einzige Hinderungsgrund für einen verbreiteten Einsatz ionischer Flüssigkeiten in der Maschinentechnik ist die oft vorhandene Korrosivität der ILs, die meist die Verwendung herkömmlicher Werkstoffe verbietet.
Lighting, indoor color, buying behavior and time spent in a store
Authors: Barlı Önder , Aktan Mehmet , Bilgili Bilsen , Dane Şenol 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRelationship between a store's lighting and indoor color and the measures of buying and time spent were studied with a study group of 440 men and 478 women who were 20–60 years old (M = 29.3, SD = 10.2). Two types of lighting (soft and bright) and 5 indoor colors (blue, yellow, green, red, and white) were used. Green color and the time spent in the store were statistically significant positive effects on product purchase. Time spent in the store was positively associated with soft lighting conditions, but negatively associated by red indoor color. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
Contention‐based geographic forwarding in asynchronous duty‐cycled wireless sensor networks
Authors: Cheng Long , Chen Canfeng , Ma Jian , Shu Lei 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn asynchronous duty‐cycled wireless sensor networks, it is desirable that the data forwarding scheme is adaptive to the dynamics caused by the uncertainty of sensor nodes’ working schedules. Contention‐based forwarding is designed to adapt to the dynamic environments. In this work, we are interested in the contention‐based geographic forwarding (CGF) for two asynchronous duty‐cycling (ADC) models, which we refer to as uninterruptible ADC (U‐ADC) and interruptible ADC (I‐ADC). We propose a new residual time‐aware routing metric for CGF in the I‐ADC model and present a residual time‐aware forwarding scheme using this metric. We evaluate the performance of CGF in both asynchronous duty‐cycling models. Simulation results show that CGF in the U‐ADC model provides a shorter delivery delay while suffering from a high sender effective duty cycle problem. CGF in the I‐ADC model incurs a very long data delivery delay, but it can achieve a good load balancing among nodes. It is also demonstrated that the proposed residual time‐aware forwarding scheme lowers the effects of the performance degradation caused by the pure asynchronous duty‐cycling operation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolites of lorazepam: Relevance of past findings to present day use of LC‐MS/MS in analytical toxicology
Authors: Turfus Sophie C. , Braithwaite Robin A , Cowan David A. , Parkin Mark C. , Smith Norman W. , Kicman Andrew T. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe advent of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), with the sensitivity it confers, permits the analysis of both phase I and II drug metabolites that in the past would have been difficult to target using other techniques. These metabolites may have relevance to current analytical toxicology employing LC‐MS/MS, and lorazepam was chosen as a model drug for investigation, as only the parent compound has been targeted for screening purposes. Following lorazepam administration (2 mg, p.o.) to 6 volunteers, metabolites were identified in urine by electrospray ionization LC‐MS/MS, aided by the use of deuterated analogues generated by microsomal incubation for use as internal chromatographic and mass spectrometric markers. Metabolites present were lorazepam glucuronide, a quinazolinone, a quinazoline carboxylic acid, and two hydroxylorazepam isomers, one of which is novel, having the hydroxyl group located on the fused chlorobenzene ring. The quinazolinone, and particularly the quinazoline carboxylic acid metabolite, provided longer detection windows than lorazepam in urine extracts not subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, a finding that is highly relevant to toxicology laboratories that omit hydrolysis in order to rapidly reduce the time spent on gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis. With hydrolysis, the longest windows of detection were achieved by monitoring lorazepam, supporting the targeting of the aglycone with free drug for those incorporating hydrolysis in their analytical toxicology procedures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pietro Biginelli: The Man Behind the Reaction
Authors: Tron Gian Cesare , Minassi Alberto , Appendino Giovanni 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Biginelli dihydropyrimidine synthesis is one of the most important and oldest multicomponent reactions and has been extensively investigated in terms of application and mechanism. Surprisingly, little information is available on its discoverer, the Piedmontese chemist Pietro Biginelli, who also carried out the first studies on the purification and characterization of the (in)famous Gosio's gas. The reasons for the lack of a current biography on Biginelli can be traced back to his early demise from the research community. This, combined with the prematurity of bio‐organometallic chemistry and the scarce popularity of pyrimidines before the discovery of their biological relevance, resulted in a paradoxical situation that led Biginelli to be remembered mostly for his administrative merits and career. By capitalizing on original documentation retrieved in archives or provided by his family, we present an account of the life of this forgotten chemist in the context of his contemporary chemical research.
One‐Pot Regioselective Double‐Mannich Annulations Affording Azabicyclononanones as a Key Step in the Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Neochoritis Constantinos G. , Stephanidou‐Stephanatou Julia , Tsoleridis Constantinos A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe first regioselective one‐pot syntheses of a number of azabicyclic ring systems (compounds 3) in very good yields, under green‐chemistry conditions in the presence of water without use of organic solvents, through acid‐catalysed double‐Mannich reactions from 2‐acetylcyclohexanone, ring‐substituted anilines and formaldehyde have been developed. In addition, treatment of the acetylazabicyclononanones 3 with hydrazine, methylhydrazine and hydroxylamine was thoroughly investigated, leading in the case of hydrazine to the formation of the pyrazole‐fused azatricyclic derivatives 6 as the main reaction products. In the cases of methylhydrazine and hydroxylamine, though, the tetrahydroindazoles 8 and 9 and the tetrahydrobenzisoxazoles 10, respectively, were obtained, through subsequent ring opening of the initially formed pyrazole‐ and oxazole‐fused azatricyclic ring systems. Plausible mechanistic schemes for the formation of compounds 8, 9 and 10 are proposed. Structure elucidation of the products and full assignment of all 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts was accomplished by 1D and 2D NMR experiments. COSY H–H and COLOC C–H correlations as well as H–H coupling constants were analysed in detail in combination with conformational analysis to determine the final stereochemistries of products 3.
Air circulation in deep fractures and the temperature field of an alpine rock slope
Authors: Moore Jeffrey R. , Gischig Valentin , Katterbach Maren , Loew Simon 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe subsurface temperature field of a rock slope is a key variable influencing both bedrock fracturing and slope stability. However, significant unknowns remain relating to the effect of air and water fracture flow, which can rapidly transmit temperature changes to appreciable depths. In this work, we analyze a unique set of temperature measurements from an alpine rock slope at ~2400 m a.s.l. in southern Switzerland. The monitored area encompasses part of an active slope instability above the village of Randa (VS) and is traversed by a network of open cracks, some of which have been traced to >80 m depth. We first describe distributed temperature measurements and borehole profiles, highlighting deep steady temperatures and different transient effects, and then use these data to approximate the conductive temperature field at the site. In a second step, we analyze the impact of air and water circulation in deep open fractures on the subsurface thermal field. On multiple visits to the study site in winter, we consistently noted the presence of warm air vents in the snowpack following the trace of deep tension cracks. Measurements showed that venting air changed temperature gradually from ~3 to 2 °C between December and May, which is similar to the rock temperature at around 50 m depth. Comparison with ambient air temperature suggests that winter conditions favor buoyancy‐driven convective air flow in these fractures, which acts to cool the deep subsurface as the rock gives up heat to incoming air. The potential impact of this process on the local thermal field is revealed by a disturbed temperature profile in one borehole and transient signals observed at depths well below the thermal active layer. Seasonal water infiltration during snowmelt appears to have little impact on the temperature field in the monitored area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of biotic ligand models for chronic manganese toxicity to fish, invertebrates, and algae
Authors: Peters Adam , Lofts Stephen , Merrington Graham , Brown Bruce , Stubblefield William , Harlow Keven 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Ecotoxicity tests were performed with fish, invertebrates, and algae to investigate the effect of water quality parameters on Mn toxicity. Models were developed to describe the effects of Mn as a function of water quality. Calcium (Ca) has a protective effect on Mn toxicity for both fish and invertebrates, and magnesium (Mg) also provides a protective effect for invertebrates. Protons have a protective effect on Mn toxicity to algae. The models derived are consistent with models of the toxicity of other metals to aquatic organisms in that divalent cations can act as competitors to Mn toxicity in fish and invertebrates, and protons act as competitors to Mn toxicity in algae. The selected models are able to predict Mn toxicity to the test organisms to within a factor of 2 in most cases. Under low-pH conditions invertebrates are the most sensitive taxa, and under high-pH conditions algae are most sensitive. The point at which algae become more sensitive than invertebrates depends on the Ca concentration and occurs at higher pH when Ca concentrations are low, because of the sensitivity of invertebrates under these conditions. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations have very little effect on the toxicity of Mn to aquatic organisms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2407–2415. © 2011 SETAC
Structure–activity relationship study on the binding of PBDEs with thyroxine transport proteins
Authors: Yang Weihua , Shen Shide , Mu Lailong , Yu Hongxia 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Molecular docking and three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationships (3D-QSAR) were used to develop models to predict binding affinity of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) compounds to the human transthyretin (TTR). Based on the molecular conformations derived from the molecular docking, predictive comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) models were developed. The results of CoMSIA models were as follows: leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validated squared coefficient q2 (LOO) = 0.827 (full model, for all 28 compounds); q2 (LOO) = 0.752 (split model, for 22 compounds in the training set); leave-many-out (LMO) cross-validated squared coefficient q2 (LMO, two groups) = 0.723 ± 0.100 (full model, for all 28 compounds); q2 (LMO, five groups) = 0.795 ± 0.030 (full model, for all 28 compounds); and the predictive squared correlation coefficient r2pred = 0.928 (for six compounds in the test set). The developed CoMSIA models can be used to infer the activities of compounds with similar structural characteristics. In addition, the interaction mechanism between hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (HO-PBDEs) and the TTR was explored. Hydrogen bonding with amino acid residues Asp74, Ala29, and Asn27 may be an important determinant for HO-PBDEs binding to TTR. Among them, forming hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues Asp74 might exert a more important function. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2431–2439. © 2011 SETAC
Effects of β-endosulfan on the growth and reproduction of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Han Zhihua , Jiao Shaojun , Kong Deyang , Shan Zhengjun , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Because of persistent organic pollution in aquatic environments, the widely used organochlorine pesticide endosulfan, which is a potential endocrine disruptor, is expected to pose a significant risk to aquatic organisms. In the present study, we explored the potential endocrine-disrupting risk of β-endosulfan by investigating its effect on the growth, reproduction, plasma vitellogenin, and organ histology of adult zebrafish. We found that, although β-endosulfan did not significantly affect the growth of zebrafish, it greatly decreased the hatching rate, even at a concentration as low as 10 ng/L. Interestingly, the decrease of the hatching rate was highly correlated with pathological alterations of the testes. Additionally, the values of the gonadosomatic index were significantly reduced in female zebrafish treated with 200 ng/L β-endosulfan, which was also closely associated with ovarian histological changes. More importantly, a significant increase in the level of vitellogenin was observed in all male fish treated with β-endosulfan. Based on these findings, we conclude that β-endosulfan severely affects the reproductive function of zebrafish and the synthesis of vitellogenin in the liver, and thus, β-endosulfan has a serious endocrine disruption function in zebrafish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2525–2531. © 2011 SETAC
Strong associations of short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids with serum albumin and investigation of binding mechanisms
Authors: Bischel Heather N , MacManus-Spencer Laura A , Zhang Chaojie , Luthy Richard G 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Interactions of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) with tissue and serum proteins likely contribute to their tissue distribution and bioaccumulation patterns. Protein–water distribution coefficients (KPW) based on ligand associations with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein were recently proposed as biologically relevant parameters to describe the environmental behavior of PFAAs, yet empirical data on such protein binding behavior are limited. In the present study, associations of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) with two to 12 carbons (C2–C12) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates with four to eight carbons (C4, C6, and C8) with BSA are evaluated at low PFAA:albumin mole ratios and various solution conditions using equilibrium dialysis, nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Log KPW values for C4 to C12 PFAAs range from 3.3 to 4.3. Affinity for BSA increases with PFAA hydrophobicity but decreases from the C8 to C12 PFCAs, likely due to steric hindrances associated with longer and more rigid perfluoroalkyl chains. The C4-sulfonate exhibits increased affinity relative to the equivalent chain-length PFCA. Fluorescence titrations support evidence that an observed dependence of PFAA-BSA binding on pH is attributable to conformational changes in the protein. Association constants determined for perfluorobutanesulfonate and perfluoropentanoate with BSA are on the order of those for long-chain PFAAs (Ka∼106/M), suggesting that physiological implications of strong binding to albumin may be important for short-chain PFAAs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2423–2430. © 2011 SETAC