bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winter Occurance and Spring Migration of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Tripidae) in North Carolina Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Fields
Authors: Garcia L. E. , Brandenburg R. L. , Kennedy G. G. , Bailey J. E. , Bradley J. R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Overwintering of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), tobacco thrips, in North Carolina and their subsequent spring movement into peanut fields were evaluated using two winter sampling techniques and three spring sampling techniques at the Peanut Belt Res. Sta., Lewiston, NC. In the spring of 1992 and 1993, for 14 d following peanut planting, the aerial movement of tobacco thrips was monitored using cylindrical sticky traps, trap plants, and exclusion cages. Frankliniellafusca were trapped significantly more often at 0.2 m and 0.9 m than at 1.8 m and during the afternoons. Thrips catch was significantly influenced by prevailing wind direction. No thrips were caught on sticky traps on days when maximum temperatures did not exceed 18.7 C. Frankliniella fusca began to colonize emerging peanut plants as they cracked the soil surface on days when there were temperatures above 18.7 C and times when there was no precipitation. Aerial F. fusca movement was monitored with sticky traps for three consecutive winters during 1993–96. Tobacco thrips were collected on sticky traps throughout the winter; however, counts were lower in months and years with lower temperatures. Tobacco thrips, caged throughout the winter with peanut plants infected with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), were analyzed for the presence of a nonstructural protein (NSs) encoded for by the small RNA of TSWV and infectivity by ELISA. A total of eight tobacco thrips were collected, of which one tested positive.
Assessment of Six Peanut Cultivars for Control of Rhizoctonia Pod Rot When Sprayed with Azoxystrobin or Tebuconazole1
Authors: Besler B. A. , Grichar W. J. , Brewer K. D. , Baring M. R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Field studies were established in 1996 and 1997 in Atascosa Co. in south Texas to evaluate the response of six peanut cultivars to Rhizoctonia pod rot when sprayed with the fungicides azoxystrobin and tebuconazole. Compared to unsprayed plots, significant disease reduction occurred when cultivars were sprayed with either fungicide. Disease reductions were similar with both fungicides. Tamrun 96 displayed the lowest disease incidence both years with and without a fungicide application. Yields were significantly enhanced both years when either azoxystrobin or tebuconazole was applied to all six cultivars. Tamrun 96 was the highest yielding cultivar in 1996 when sprayed with azoxystrobin and in 1997 when sprayed with tebuconazole. Both fungicides improved grade (%TSMK) when compared to the unsprayed checks.
Comparison of Fungicide Programs for the Control of Early Leaf Spot and Southern Stem Rot on Selected Peanut Cultivars1
Authors: Hagan A. K. , Rivas-Davila M. E. , Bowen K. L. , Wells L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, chlorothalonil + flutolanil, and chlorothalonil fungicide programs were evaluated on selected peanut cultivars for the control of early leaf spot (ELS) and southern stem rot (SSR) in 2000, 2001, and 2002. A peanut-cotton-peanut rotation was followed and the plots were irrigated as needed. Virugard and Georgia Green were planted in all 3 yr. The late-maturing line Southern Runner was planted only in 2000 and was replaced with Florida C-99R in 2001 and 2002. Since the ranking of fungicide programs for ELS and SSR control and yield response was similar over peanut cultivars, data for each variable in 2000, 2001, and 2002 were pooled. The 0.34-kg ai/ha azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin programs gave better ELS control than the season-long chlorothalonil standard in 1 yr. However, SSR control and yield response to pyraclostrobin was similar to the chlorothalonil standard. Significant reductions in SSR damage and higher yields were obtained with 0.34-kg ai/ha azoxystrobin program in all 3 yr. When compared to the chlorothalonil standard, the 0.47-kg ai/ha azoxystrobin program gave superior SSR control in 2000 and 2001, but significantly better ELS control and higher yield were obtained only in 2001. Tebuconazole-treated peanuts had similar ELS ratings to those recorded for the chlorothalonil standard and azoxystrobin programs in 2000 and 2001, but the ELS ratings for the former program were significantly higher in 2002. While tebuconazole reduced SSR damage compared with chlorothalonil alone, the azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil + flutolanil programs controlled SSR significantly better than tebuconazole in at least 1 yr. Also, the 0.34-kg ai/ha azoxystrobin program significantly increased yield above that of the chlorothalonil standard more consistently than did tebuconazole. Relatively few differences in disease control or yield response were noted between the two chlorothalonil + flutolanil programs, but both increased yield above that of the chlorothalonil standard. By maturing about 2 wk before Georgia Green, Virugard may have escaped some ELS and SSR damage, which may have contributed to its higher yield. There are indications that the late-maturing Florida C-99R has partial resistance to ELS but not SSR. Georgia Green proved more susceptible to both diseases than Virugard or Florida C-99R but no peanut cultivar produced consistently higher yields.
Water, Policy and Governance
Authors: Hukka J.J. , Castro J.E. , Pietilä P.E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article offers an overall synthesis of the contents of a number of selected papers on water governance and policy presented at the 5th IWHA Conference 'Pasts and Futures of Water' that took place in Tampere, Finland, on 13-17 June 2007. Therefore, the authors do not intend to present here their own views on the topics covered, which they have described in more detail elsewhere, but rather seek to capture the key issues emerging from the broad range of perspectives on water governance and policy that informed the papers presented at the Conference. There is growing consensus that the global water crisis is mainly a crisis of 'governance'. In most countries plentiful water resources can no longer be taken for granted. More and more people in an increasing number of countries are experiencing water differently - as a limited resource that must be carefully managed for the benefit of people and the environment, in the present and for the future. The emerging paradigm is one of resource constraints, conservation, and awareness of the fragility of water's life cycle. Yet, it is still open to debate what 'water governance' exactly means. Moreover, simple definitions of water itself have become obsolete and there is a heated global debate on the topic. Water has multiple functions and values, most of which are incommensurable. While in some of its uses water has increasingly become a commodity, in many other functions water takes the form of a social or public good. For many, the hydrosphere is a common good that must be governed and managed as such. Is the access to essential volumes of safe water a human right or not? Does it really matter? Water serves many roles depending on the wider political, economic, social, cultural and environmental context. Perhaps the crucial question is: Is there truly a new paradigm of water governance emerging, or are we simply engaging in delusionary rhetoric? Many signs all over the world suggest that the way water is perceived, governed, and managed is indeed changing, but the direction of this change is highly uncertain. This is reflected in the ongoing contradictions that characterise the global debates about water governance policy, some of which were captured in the papers presented at the IWHA Conference that we summarise here. The focus of this theme paper is on identifying some of the key building elements of water policy and governance, which we identified as a common thread running through the different presentations. The paper also explores the challenges and opportunities facing the international community for living up to the principles of democratic water governance in a context of increasing global uncertainty.
Metabolic Shifts in Immunity and Inflammation
Authors: Kominsky Douglas J. , Campbell Eric L. , Colgan Sean P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSites of ongoing inflammation and triggered immune responses are characterized by significant changes in metabolic activity. Recent studies have indicated that such shifts in tissue metabolism result from a combination of profound recruitment of inflammatory cells (neutrophils and monocytes) and high proliferation rates among lymphocyte populations. The resultant shifts in energy supply and demand can result in metabolic acidosis and diminished delivery and/or availability of oxygen, leading to hypoxia extensive enough to trigger transcriptional and translation changes in tissue phenotype. Such phenotypic shifts can imprint fundamental changes to tissue metabolism. In this study, we review recent work addressing metabolic changes and metabolic control of inflammation and immunity.
Preexisting Diabetes and Breast Cancer Treatment Among Low-Income Women
Authors: Bekele Bayu Begashaw , Lian Min , Schmaltz Chester , Greever-Rice Tracy , Shrestha Pratibha , Liu Ying 
Published: May 2024

IMPORTANCEDiabetes is associated with poorer prognosis of patients with breast cancer. The association between diabetes and adjuvant therapies for breast cancer remains uncertain.OBJECTIVETo comprehensively examine the associations of preexisting diabetes with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy in low-income women with breast cancer.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis population-based cohort study included women younger than 65 years diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer from 2007 through 2015, followed up through 2016, continuously enrolled in Medicaid, and identified from the linked Missouri Cancer Registry and Medicaid claims data set. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to October 2023.EXPOSUREPreexisting diabetes.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESLogistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of utilization (yes/no), timely initiation (≤90 days postsurgery), and completion of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as well as adherence (medication possession ratio ≥80%) and persistence (&amp;lt;90–consecutive day gap) of endocrine therapy in the first year of treatment for women with diabetes compared with women without diabetes. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and tumor factors.RESULTSAmong 3704 women undergoing definitive surgery, the mean (SD) age was 51.4 (8.6) years, 1038 (28.1%) were non-Hispanic Black, 2598 (70.1%) were non-Hispanic White, 765 (20.7%) had a diabetes history, 2369 (64.0%) received radiotherapy, 2237 (60.4%) had chemotherapy, and 2505 (67.6%) took endocrine therapy. Compared with women without diabetes, women with diabetes were less likely to utilize radiotherapy (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53-0.86), receive chemotherapy (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48-0.93), complete chemotherapy (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.50-0.99), and be adherent to endocrine therapy (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56-0.91). There were no significant associations of diabetes with utilization (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.71-1.28) and persistence (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.88-1.36) of endocrine therapy, timely initiation of radiotherapy (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.86-1.38) and chemotherapy (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.77-1.55), or completion of radiotherapy (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.91-1.71).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this cohort study, preexisting diabetes was associated with subpar adjuvant therapies for breast cancer among low-income women. Improving diabetes management during cancer treatment is particularly important for low-income women with breast cancer who may have been disproportionately affected by diabetes and are likely to experience disparities in cancer treatment and outcomes.
Rapid Initiation of Injection Naltrexone for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Shulman Matisyahu , Greiner Miranda G. , Tafessu Hiwot M. , Opara Onumara , Ohrtman Kaitlyn , Potter Kenzie , Hefner Kathryn , Jelstrom Eve , Rosenthal Richard N. , Wenzel Kevin , Fishman Marc , Rotrosen John , Ghitza Udi E. , Nunes Edward V. , Bisaga Adam 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceInjectable extended-release (XR)-naltrexone is an effective treatment option for opioid use disorder (OUD), but the need to withdraw patients from opioid treatment prior to initiation is a barrier to implementation.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of the standard procedure (SP) with the rapid procedure (RP) for XR-naltrexone initiation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Surmounting Withdrawal to Initiate Fast Treatment with Naltrexone study was an optimized stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial conducted at 6 community-based inpatient addiction treatment units. Units using the SP were randomly assigned at 14-week intervals to implement the RP. Participants admitted with OUD received the procedure the unit was delivering at the time of their admission. Participant recruitment took place between March 16, 2021, and July 18, 2022. The last visit was September 21, 2022.InterventionsStandard procedure, based on the XR-naltrexone package insert (approximately 5-day buprenorphine taper followed by a 7- to 10-day opioid-free period and RP, defined as 1 day of buprenorphine at minimum necessary dose, 1 opioid-free day, and ascending low doses of oral naltrexone and adjunctive medications (eg, clonidine, clonazepam, antiemetics) for opioid withdrawal.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReceipt of XR-naltrexone injection prior to inpatient discharge (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included opioid withdrawal scores and targeted safety events and serious adverse events. All analyses were intention-to-treat.ResultsA total of 415 participants with OUD were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 33.6 [8.48] years; 205 [49.4%] identified sex as male); 54 [13.0%] individuals identified as Black, 91 [21.9%] as Hispanic, 290 [69.9%] as White, and 22 [5.3%] as multiracial. Rates of successful initiation of XR-naltrexone among the RP group (141 of 225 [62.7%]) were noninferior to those of the SP group (68 of 190 [35.8%]) (odds ratio [OR], 3.60; 95% CI, 2.12-6.10). Withdrawal did not differ significantly between conditions (proportion of days with a moderate or greater maximum Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale score (&amp;gt;12) for RP vs SP: OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.62-2.50). Targeted safety events (RP: 12 [5.3%]; SP: 4 [2.1%]) and serious adverse events (RP: 15 [6.7%]; SP: 3 [1.6%]) were infrequent but occurred more often with RP than SP.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this trial, the RP of XR-naltrexone initiation was noninferior to the standard approach and saved time, although it required more intensive medical management and safety monitoring. The results of this trial suggest that rapid initiation could make XR-naltrexone a more viable treatment for patients with OUD.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04762537
Ion‐Conducting Molecular‐Grafted Sustainable Cellulose Quasi‐Solid Composite Electrolyte for High Stability Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Ruixue , Dong Weiliang , Song Zhennuo , Tan Jiji , Liu Qiang , Mu Kexin , Xu Weijian , Huang Haiyu , Zhang Zhili , Yin Gang , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian , Tian Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCellulose‐based solid electrolyte possesses the characteristics of low cost, high strength, and sustainability, and has great potential in the field of solid‐state lithium metal batteries. However, the large hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules make the molecular chains tightly arranged, and hinder the ion conduction, seriously limiting its further development. Herein, an ion‐conducting molecular grafting strategy is proposed for the fabrication of cellulose acetate quasi‐solid composite electrolyte (CLA‐CN‐LATP QCE) with a superior ionic conductivity of 1.25 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature. Benefited from grafted functional molecules, the assembled symmetrical battery exhibits low polarization voltage and highly stable lithium stripping/plating cycling of more than 1200 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 current density. Moreover, it endows LFP|CLA‐CN‐LATP QCE|Li battery with excellent long‐cycle stability of 1500 cycles at 0.5 C and 25 °C and superior capacity retention of 92.1%. Importantly, this work provides an effective strategy for further opening the ion transport channel between cellulose molecular chains and improving the interface properties of electrolytes and electrodes.
Tailorable Multi‐Modular Pore‐Space‐Partitioned Vanadium Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Gas Separation
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Yichong , Feng Pingyun , Bu Xianhui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrently, few porous vanadium metal‐organic frameworks (V‐MOFs) are known and even fewer are obtainable as single crystals, resulting in limited information on their structures and properties. Here this work demonstrates remarkable promise of V‐MOFs by presenting an extensible family of V‐MOFs with tailorable pore geometry and properties. The synthesis leverages inter‐modular synergy on a tri‐modular pore‐partitioned platform. New V‐MOFs show a broad range of structural features and sorption properties suitable for gas storage and separation applications for C2H2/CO2, C2H6/C2H4, and C3H8/C3H6. The c/a ratio of the hexagonal cell, a measure of pore shape, is tunable from 0.612 to 1.258. Other tunable properties include pore size from 5.0 to 10.9 Å and surface area from 820 to 2964 m2 g−1. With C2H2/CO2 selectivity from 3.3 to 11 and high uptake capacity for C2H2 from 65.2 to 182 cm3 g−1 (298K, 1 bar), an efficient separation is confirmed by breakthrough experiments. The near‐record high uptake for C2H6 (166.8 cm3 g−1) contributes to the promise for C2H6‐selective separation of C2H6/C2H4. The multi‐module pore expansion enables transition from C3H6‐selective to more desirable C3H8‐selective separation with extraordinarily high C3H8 uptake (254.9 cm3 g−1) and high separation potential (1.25 mmol g−1) for C3H8/C3H6 (50:50 v/v) mixture.
Physical‐Entanglements‐Supported Polymeric Form Stable Phase Change Materials with Ultrahigh Melting Enthalpy
Authors: Wang Zefan , Liu Shuxian , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of new energy and the upgrading of electronic devices, structurally stable phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted widespread attentions from both academia and industries. Traditional cross‐linking, composites, or microencapsulation methods for preparation of form stable PCMs usually sacrifice part of the phase change enthalpy and recyclability. Based on the basic polymer viscoelasticity and crystallization theories, here, a kind of novel recyclable polymeric PCM is developed by simple solution mixing ultrahigh molecular weight of polyethylene oxide (UHMWPEO) with its chemical identical oligomer polyethylene glycol (PEG). Rheological and leakage‐proof experiments confirm that, even containing 90% of phase change fraction PEG oligomers, long‐term of structure stability of PCMs can be achieved when the molecular weight of UHMWPEO is higher than 7000 kg mol−1 due to their ultralong terminal relaxation time and large number of entanglements per chain. Furthermore, because of the reduced overall entanglement concentration, phase change enthalpy of PCMs can be greatly promoted, even reaching to ≈185 J g−1, which is larger than any PEG‐based form stable PCMs in literatures. This work provides a new strategy and mechanism for designing physical‐entanglements‐supported form stable PCMs with ultrahigh phase change enthalpies.
Helically Chiral π‐Expanded Azocines Through Regioselective Beckmann Rearrangement and Their Charged States
Authors: Borstelmann Jan , Schneider Lars , Rominger Frank , Deschler Felix , Kivala Milan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report a synthetic approach to π‐expanded [6]helicenes incorporating tropone and azocine units in combination with a 5‐membered ring, which exhibit intriguing structural, electronic, and chiroptical properties. The regioselective Beckmann rearrangement allows the isolation of helical scaffolds containing 8‐membered lactam, azocine, and amine units. As shown by X‐ray crystallographic analysis, the incorporation of tropone or azocine units leads to highly distorted [6]helicene moieties, with distinct packing motifs in the solid state. The compounds exhibit promising optoelectronic properties with considerable photoluminescence quantum yields and tunable emission wavelengths depending on the relative position of the nitrogen center within the polycyclic framework. Separation of the enantiomers by chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) allowed characterization of their chiroptical properties by circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy. The azocine compounds feature manifold redox chemistry, allowing for the characterization of the corresponding radical anions and cations as well as the dications and dianions, with near‐infrared (NIR) absorption bands extending beyond 3000 nm. Detailed theoretical studies provided insights into the aromaticity evolution upon reduction and oxidation, suggesting that the steric strain prevents the azocine unit from undergoing aromatization, while the indene moiety dominates the observed redox chemistry.
Paper‐in‐Tip Bipolar Electrospray Mass Spectrometry for Real‐Time Chemical Reaction Monitoring
Authors: Li Yun , Zhu Lixuan , Wu Xiaomeng , Zhang Zhiming , Pu Ruijin , Zheng Yajun , Zhang Zhiping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCapturing short‐lived intermediates at the molecular level is key to understanding the mechanism and dynamics of chemical reactions. Here, we have developed a paper‐in‐tip bipolar electrolytic electrospray mass spectrometry platform, in which a piece of triangular conductive paper incorporated into a plastic pipette tip serves not only as an electrospray emitter but also as a bipolar electrode (BPE), thus triggering both electrospray and electrolysis simultaneously upon application of a high voltage. The bipolar electrolysis induces a pair of redox reactions on both sides of BPE, enabling both electro‐oxidation and electro‐reduction processes regardless of the positive or negative ion mode, thus facilitating access to complementary structural information for mechanism elucidation. Our method enables real‐time monitoring of transient intermediates (such as N,N‐dimethylaniline radical cation, dopamine o‐quinone (DAQ) and sulfenic acid with half‐lives ranging from microseconds to minutes) and transient processes (such as DAQ cyclization with a rate constant of 0.15 s−1). This platform also provides key insights into electrocatalytic reactions such as Fe (III)‐catalyzed dopamine oxidation to quinone species at physiological pH for neuromelanin formation.
Ultrafast Formation of Charge Transfer Trions at Molecular‐Functionalized 2D MoS2 Interfaces
Authors: Jing Yuancheng , Liang Kangkai , Muir Nicole S. , Zhou Hao , Li Zhehao , Palasz Joseph M. , Sorbie Jonathan , Wang Chenglai , Cushing Scott K , Kubiak Clifford P. , Sofer Zdeněk , Li Shaowei , Xiong Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, we investigate trion dynamics occurring at the heterojunction between organometallic molecules and a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) with transient electronic sum frequency generation (tr‐ESFG) spectroscopy. By pumping at 2.4 eV with laser pulses, we have observed an ultrafast hole transfer, succeeded by the emergence of charge‐transfer trions. This observation is facilitated by the cancellation of ground state bleach and stimulated emission signals due to their opposite phases, making tr‐ESFG especially sensitive to the trion formation dynamics. The presence of charge‐transfer trion at molecular functionalized TMD monolayers suggests the potential for engineering the local electronic structures and dynamics of specific locations on TMDs and offers a potential for transferring unique electronic attributes of TMD to the molecular layers.