bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroinflammation in dementia: A meta-analysis of PET imaging studies
Authors: Pan Jie , Hu Jin , Meng Danyang , Chen Liang , Wei Xianling 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Dementia is a major public health challenge for aging societies worldwide. Neuroinflammation is thought to be a key factor in dementia development. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess translocator protein (TSPO) expression by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to reveal the characteristics of neuroinflammation in dementia.

Methods:
We used a meta-analysis to retrieve literature on TSPO expression in dementia using PET imaging technology, including but not limited to the quality of the study design, sample size, and the type of TSPO ligand used in the study. For the included studies, we extracted key data, including TSPO expression levels, clinical characteristics of the study participants, and specific information on brain regions. Meta-analysis was performed using R software to assess the relationship between TSPO expression and dementia.

Results:
After screening, 12 studies that met the criteria were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the expression level of TSPO was significantly elevated in patients with dementia, especially in the hippocampal region. The OR in the hippocampus was 1.50 with a 95% CI of 1.09 to 1.25, indicating a significant increase in the expression of TSPO in this region compared to controls. Elevated levels of inflammation in the prefrontal lobe and cingulate gyrus are associated with cognitive impairment in patients. This was despite an OR of 1.00 in the anterior cingulate gyrus, indicating that TSPO expression in this region did not correlate significantly with the findings. The overall heterogeneity test showed I² = 51%, indicating moderate heterogeneity.

Conclusion:
This study summarizes the existing literature on TSPO expression in specific regions of the brain in patients with dementia, and also provides some preliminary evidence on the possible association between neuroinflammation and dementia. However, the heterogeneity of results and limitations of the study suggest that we need to interpret these findings with caution. Future studies need to adopt a more rigorous and consistent methodological design to more accurately assess the role of neuroinflammation in dementia, thereby providing a more reliable evidence base for understanding pathological mechanisms and developing potential therapeutic strategies.
Incidentally detected follicular thyroid carcinoma mimicking parathyroid adenoma on Tc-99m MIBI scan: A case report
Authors: Han Yeon-Hee , Jeong Hwan-Jeong , Lee Sun Young , Lim Seok Tae 
Published: May 2024

Rationale:
Primary hyperparathyroidism, though relatively prevalent among endocrine disorders, affecting 1% of the general population, often presents diagnostic challenges. Given its potential to precipitate severe complications including nephrolithiasis and fractures, timely diagnosis, and effective management are crucial.

Patient concerns:
A 38-year-old woman with hypercalcemia was referred to the Department of Nuclear Medicine for a Tc-99m MIBI scan.

Diagnoses:
Tc-99m MIBI scan showed focal increased uptake in the left thyroid gland area, initially suggesting a parathyroid adenoma. Further examination using SPECT/CT revealed a nodular lesion within the left thyroid gland showing high Tc-99m MIBI uptake.

Interventions:
Left thyroid lumpectomy confirmed the lesion as follicular thyroid carcinoma. On the second Tc-99m MIBI scan conducted after total thyroidectomy, a parathyroid adenoma was eventually detected in the right lower area, enabling the subsequent appropriate treatment, a right lower parathyroidectomy.

Outcomes:
Thirteen days after the parathyroidectomy, serum levels of total calcium and parathyroid hormone returned to normal. Furthermore, bone mineral density evaluated using DEXA remained within the expected range for her age even after 14 months.

Lessons:
When interpreting the Tc-99m MIBI scan, it is essential to keep in mind that various tumors rich in mitochondria, such as thyroid carcinoma, could show a high uptake of Tc-99m MIBI.
Resource-Based Psychotherapy Model Application in the Treatment of Psychological Trauma Consequences
Authors: Rudenko Oksana , Dmytryk Ivan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The ongoing war in Ukraine significantly affects the mental and emotional well-being of its citizens. Consequently, there is an urgent need to explore the use of the resource psychotherapy model to develop effective support methods for trauma victims. The research aims to enrich the understanding of resource-based psychotherapy as an effective tool for supporting people who have experienced psychological trauma and improving their psychological well-being and quality of life. The analytical method, generalization, and systematization were used in this research. A clinical case of psychotherapy of a military man according to the 7-step model of working with the consequences of a psychotraumatic event is considered, which ultimately showed the effectiveness of its application. The study found that the resource psychotherapy model has significant potential for improving the psychological state of victims of trauma, as this approach allows the active use of internal resources of the individual to overcome the consequences of traumatic experiences and restore mental well-being. The results of the study indicate the effectiveness and deep potential of resource-based psychotherapy in working with people facing psychological trauma, helping them to build positive adaptation strategies and strengthen their psychological state. The results of this study may be useful for psychologists and psychotherapists working with people who have experienced traumatic experiences to improve the quality of psychological support and assistance to such people.
The Role of Anxiety and Depression in the Relationship Among Emotional Eating, Sleep Quality, and Impulsivity
Authors: Akkuş Merve , Gelirgün Özge Gül , Karataş Kader Semra , Telatar Tahsin Gökhan , Gökçen Onur , Dönmez Feyza 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among sleep quality, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression in individuals with emotional eating behavior. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The study included 92 individuals (age 31.29 ± 9.17; female, 67.4% [n = 62]; male, 32.6% [n = 30]) with symptoms of emotional eating but no previous psychiatric diagnosis or treatment. Participants were administered a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders interview form, a sociodemographic data form, the Emotional Eating Scale, the Beck Depression Scale, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, the Beck Anxiety Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale. Emotional eating is positively correlated with anxiety (r = 0.377, p = 0.001), depression (r = 0.375, p = 0.001), impulsivity (r = 0.250, p = 0.016), and poor sleep quality (r = 0.478, p = 0.001). Obese individuals (defined as having a body mass index of 30 or higher) showed higher emotional eating (z = −2.552, p = 0.016) and poorer sleep quality (z = −2.089, p = 0.044) than nonobese individuals, and women showed higher emotional eating (t = 2116, p = 0.037) and poorer sleep quality (z = −2537, p = 0.010) than men. Poor sleep quality was associated with emotional eating. In this relationship, poor sleep quality influenced emotional eating through all mediators, including anxiety and depression (B = 3.491; standardized effect, 0.485; p = 0.001). Poor sleep quality directly influenced emotional eating (B = 2.806; standardized effect, 0.390; p = 0.001). The findings of the study suggest that emotional eating is associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and sleep problems, especially in women. It suggests that the interrelationships of psychological factors associated with emotional eating should be investigated.
Open fractures: evidence-based best practices
Authors: Whiting Paul S. , Obremskey William , Johal Herman , Shearer David , Volgas David , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Open fracture management is a common challenge to orthopaedic trauma surgeons and a burdensome condition to the patient, health care, and entire society. Fracture-related infection (FRI) is the leading morbid complication to avoid during open fracture management because it leads to sepsis, nonunion, limb loss, and overall very poor region-specific and general functional outcomes. This review, based on a symposium presented at the 2022 OTA International Trauma Care Forum, provides a practical and evidence-based summary on key strategies to prevent FRI in open fractures, which can be grouped as optimizing host factors, antimicrobial prophylaxis, surgical site management (skin preparation, debridement, and wound irrigation), provision of skeletal stability, and soft-tissue coverage. When it is applicable, strategies are differentiated between optimal resource and resource-limited settings.
Functional Localization of the Human Auditory and Visual Thalamus Using a Thalamic Localizer Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Task
Authors: Williams John C. , Tubiolo Philip N. , Zheng Zu Jie , Silver-Frankel Eilon B. , Pham Dathy T. , Haubold Natalka K. , Abeykoon Sameera K. , Abi-Dargham Anissa , Horga Guillermo , Van Snellenberg Jared X. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the auditory and visual sensory systems of the human brain is an active area of investigation in the study of human health and disease. The medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are key thalamic nuclei involved in the processing and relay of auditory and visual information, respectively, and are the subject of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI studies of neural activation and functional connectivity in human participants. However, localization of BOLD fMRI signal originating from neural activity in MGN and LGN remains a technical challenge, due in part to the poor definition of boundaries of these thalamic nuclei in standard T1-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Here, we report the development and evaluation of an auditory and visual sensory thalamic localizer (TL) fMRI task that produces participant-specific functionally-defined regions of interest (fROIs) of both MGN and LGN, using 3 Tesla multiband fMRI and a clustered-sparse temporal acquisition sequence, in less than 16 minutes of scan time. We demonstrate the use of MGN and LGN fROIs obtained from the TL fMRI task in standard resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) fMRI analyses in the same participants. In RSFC analyses, we validated the specificity of MGN and LGN fROIs for signals obtained from primary auditory and visual cortex, respectively, and benchmark their performance against alternative atlas- and segmentation-based localization methods. The TL fMRI task and analysis code (written in Presentation and MATLAB, respectively) have been made freely available to the wider research community.
Modulation of calcium signaling on demand to decipher the molecular mechanisms of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Fedlaoui Bakhta , Cosentino Teresa , Al Sayed Zeina R. , Giscos-Douriez Isabelle , Faedda Nicolo , Fayad May , Hulot Jean-Sebastien , Magnus Chris , Sternson Scott M , Travers-Allard Simon , Baron Stephanie , Fernandes-Rosa Fabio L , Zennaro Maria-Christina , Boulkroun Sheerazed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Major advances have been made in our understanding of PA with the identification of germline and somatic mutations in ion pumps and channels. These mutations lead to the activation of calcium signalling, the major trigger of aldosterone biosynthesis.To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of PA, we established an adrenocortical cell model in which we can modulate sodium entry into the cells “on demand” leading to calcium signalling activation. These cells recapitulated the major features ofKCNJ5mutations, the most frequent genetic alteration identified in Aldosterone-Producing-Adenoma. Activation of calcium signalling was associated with increased aldosterone biosynthesis and decreased cell proliferation. RNA sequencing and steroidome analyses revealed unique profiles associated with Na+entry. Altogether, this work offers valuable insights into the role of sodium-induced calcium signalling in PA development and paves the way for developing new therapeutic strategies.
Digital twins for understanding mechanisms of learning disabilities: Personalized deep neural networks reveal impact of neuronal hyperexcitability
Authors: Strock Anthony , Mistry Percy K. , Menon Vinod 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLearning disabilities affect a significant proportion of children worldwide, with far-reaching consequences for their academic, professional, and personal lives. Here we develop digital twins – biologically plausible personalized Deep Neural Networks (pDNNs) – to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying learning disabilities in children. Our pDNN reproduces behavioral and neural activity patterns observed in affected children, including lower performance accuracy, slower learning rates, neural hyper-excitability, and reduced neural differentiation of numerical problems. Crucially, pDNN models reveal aberrancies in the geometry of manifold structure, providing a comprehensive view of how neural excitability influences both learning performance and the internal structure of neural representations. Our findings not only advance knowledge of the neurophysiological underpinnings of learning differences but also open avenues for targeted, personalized strategies designed to bridge cognitive gaps in affected children. This work reveals the power of digital twins integrating AI and neuroscience to uncover mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders.
A high-qualityde novogenome assembly of Asian Crested Ibis (Nipponia Nippon) using long-read and Hi-C data
Authors: Yu Youngseok , Kim Sung-jin , Yoon Changhan , Bhak Jihun , Kim Changjae , Park Hyebin , Kang Younghui , Kim Yeonkyung , Lee Yu-jin , Kang Seung-yeon , Shin Yong-un , Bhak Jong , Jeon Sungwon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present TtaoRef1, the highest-qualityde novogenome assembly of Asian Crested Ibis (Nipponia Nippon) to date consisting of 134 scaffolds with a length of 1.25 Gb and N50 of 101,183,595 bp. This assembly was generated through the utilization of long-read sequencing and Hi-C data. The assessment of assembly quality, conducted via Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO), revealed the presence of 96.8% of completely predicted single-copy genes. TtaoRef1 had 18 times longer N50 value than the previous assembly (ASM70822v1), Furthermore, we conducted the annotation of 24,681 protein-coding genes within the newly assembled genome sequences.
LaGrACE: Estimating gene program dysregulation using latent gene regulatory network for biomedical discovery
Authors: Jia Minxue , Mao Haiyi , Zhou Mengli , Chen Yu-Chih , Benos Panayiotis V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGene expression programs that establish and maintain specific cellular states are orchestrated through a regulatory network composed of transcription factors, cofactors, and chromatin regulators. Dysregulation of this network can lead to a broad range of diseases by altering gene programs. This article presents LaGrACE, a novel method designed to estimate dysregulation of gene programs utilizing omics data with clinical information. This approach facilitates grouping of samples exhibiting similar patterns of gene program dysregulation, thereby enhancing the discovery of underlying molecular mechanisms. We rigorously evaluated LaGrACE’s performance using synthetic data, bulk RNA-seq clinical datasets (breast cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), and single-cell RNA-seq drug perturbation datasets. Our findings demonstrate that LaGrACE is exceptionally robust in identifying biologically meaningful and prognostic molecular subtypes. Additionally, it effectively discerns drug-response signals at a single-cell resolution. Moreover, the COPD analysis revealed a new association between LEF1 and COPD molecular mechanisms and mortality. Collectively, these results underscore the utility of LaGrACE as a valuable tool for elucidating underlying mechanisms of diseases.
MASTR-seq: Multiplexed Analysis of Short Tandem Repeats with sequencing
Authors: Su Chuanbin , Chandradoss Keerthivasan Raanin , Malachowski Thomas , Boya Ravi , Ryu Han-Seul , Brennand Kristen J. , Phillips-Cremins Jennifer E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMore than 60 human disorders have been linked to unstable expansion of short tandem repeat (STR) tracts. STR length and the extent of DNA methylation is linked to disease pathology and can be mosaic in a cell type-specific manner in several repeat expansion disorders. Mosaic phenomenon have been difficult to study to date due to technical bias intrinsic to repeat sequences and the need for multi-modal measurements at single-allele resolution. Nanopore long-read sequencing accurately measures STR length and DNA methylation in the same single molecule but is cost prohibitive for studies assessing a target locus across multiple experimental conditions or patient samples. Here, we describe MASTR-seq,MultiplexedAnalysis ofShortTandemRepeats, for cost-effective, high-throughput, accurate, multi-modal measurements of DNA methylation and STR genotype at single-allele resolution. MASTR-seq couples long-read sequencing, Cas9-mediated target enrichment, and PCR-free multiplexed barcoding to achieve a >ten-fold increase in on-target read mapping for 8-12 pooled samples in a single MinION flow cell. We provide a detailed experimental protocol and computational tools and present evidence that MASTR-seq quantifies tract length and DNA methylation status for CGG and CAG STR loci in normal-length and mutation-length human cell lines. The MASTR-seq protocol takes approximately eight days for experiments and one additional day for data processing and analyses.Key pointsWe provide a protocol for MASTR-seq:MultiplexedAnalysis ofShortTandemRepeats using Cas9-mediated target enrichment and PCR-free, multiplexed nanopore sequencing.MASTR-seq achieves a >10-fold increase in on-target read proportion for highly repetitive, technically inaccessible regions of the genome relevant for human health and disease.MASTR-seq allows for high-throughput, efficient, accurate, and cost-effective measurement of STR length and DNA methylation in the same single allele for up to 8-12 samples in parallel in one Nanopore MinION flow cell.
Hierarchically Vascularized and Implantable Tissue Constructs created through Angiogenesis from Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts
Authors: Alkazemi Hazem , Mitchell Geraldine M. , Lokmic-Tomkins Zerina , Heath Daniel E. , O’Connor Andrea J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA major roadblock in implementing engineered tissues clinically lies in their limited vascularization. After implantation, such tissues do not integrate with the host’s circulation as quickly as needed, commonly resulting in loss of viability and functionality. This study presents a solution to the vascularization problem that could enable the survival and function of large, transplantable, and vascularized engineered tissues. The technique allows vascularization of a cell laden hydrogel through angiogenesis from a suturable tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) constructed from electrospun polycaprolactone with macropores. The graft is surrounded by a layer of cell-laden gelatin-methacryloyl hydrogel. The constructs are suturable and possess mechanical properties like native vessels. Angiogenesis occurs through the pores in the graft, resulting in a hydrogel tcontaining an extensive vascular network that is connected to an implantable TEVG. The size of the engineered tissue and the degree of vascularization can be increased by adding multiple TEVGs into a single construct. The engineered tissue has the potential to be immediately perfused by the patient’s blood upon surgical anastomosis to host vessels, enabling survival of implanted cells. These findings provide a meaningful step to address the longstanding problem of fabricating suturable pre-vascularized tissues which could survive upon implantationin vivo.
Rapid adaptive evolution of microbial thermal performance curves
Authors: Liu Megan H. , Han Ze-Yi , Yuan Yaning , DeWitt Katrina , Wieczynski Daniel J. , Yammine Kathryn M. , Yammine Andrea , Zufall Rebecca , Siepielski Adam , Chalker Douglas , Onishi Masayuki , Machado Fabio A. , Gibert Jean P. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTMicrobial respiration is a key biotic driver of climate change. Warming boosts microbial population growth, which increases biomass and respiration. This feedback might be disrupted by adaptation in thermal performance curves (TPCs) –whose shape describes how temperature drives growth. In this study, we uncover substantial genetic variation (G) in microbial intrinsic population growth rates (r), demonstrate a causal link between G variation inrand G variation in TPC shape, and show how this variation constrains r-TPC shape evolution along specific evolutionary paths across temperatures. We also uncover Gene-by-Environment (G × E) variation inr, which results in specific signatures in TPC shape and predictable temperature-dependent rapid TPC evolution but also lower G, which could reduce future evolutionary potential. Overall, we show how temperature-dependent evolution in a linchpin of global ecosystem function—microbial TPC shape—is determined by a combination of heritable and non-heritable variation in intrinsic growth rates.
High Refractive Index Imaging Buffer for Dual Color 3D SMLM Imaging of Thick Samples
Authors: Zhou Lulu , Shi Wei , Fu Shuang , Li Mengfan , Chen Jianwei , Fang Ke , Li Yiming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current limitations of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) in deep tissue imaging, primarily due to depth-dependent aberrations caused by refractive index (RI) mismatch, present a significant challenge in achieving high-resolution images at greater depths. To extend the imaging depth, we optimized the imaging buffer of SMLM with RI matched to the objective immersion medium, and systematically evaluated five different RI matched buffers, focusing on their impact on the blinking behavior of red-absorbing dyes and the quality of reconstructed super-resolution images. Particularly, we found clear unobstructed brain imaging cocktails (CUBIC) based imaging buffer could match the RI of oil and was able to clear the tissue samples. With the help of RI matched imaging buffer, we showed high quality dual color 3D SMLM images with imaging depth ranging from few microns to tens of microns in both cultured cells and sectioned tissue samples. This advancement offers a practical and accessible method for high-resolution imaging at greater depths without specialized optical equipment or expertise.