bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Categorical Perception of Face Actions: Their Role in Sign Language and in Communicative Facial Displays
Authors: Campbell Ruth , Woll Bencie , Benson Philip J. , Wallace Simon B. 
Published: September 2011

Can face actions that carry significance within language be perceived categorically? We used continua produced by computational morphing of face-action images to explore this question in a controlled fashion. In Experiment 1 we showed that question-type—a syntactic distinction in British Sign Language (BSL)—can be perceived categorically, but only when it is also identified as a question marker. A few hearing non-signers were sensitive to this distinction; among those who used sign, late sign learners were no less sensitive than early sign users. A very similar facial-display continuum between “surprise” and “puzzlement” was perceived categorically by deaf and hearing participants, irrespective of their sign experience (Experiment 2). The categorical processing of facial displays can be demonstrated for sign, but may be grounded in universally perceived distinctions between communicative face actions. Moreover, the categorical perception of facial actions is not confined to the six universal facial expressions.
Case of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis with protean clinical manifestations: Lichen, poikiloderma‐like, dyschromic and bullous variants
Authors: CHANDRAN Nisha Suyien , GOH Boon‐Kee , LEE Siong‐See , GOH Chee‐Leok 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPrimary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) commonly presents as macular and lichen variants. We present a case of a 27‐year‐old Chinese woman with cutaneous features of the rarely reported poikiloderma‐like, dyschromic and bullous forms of PLCA, and the commoner lichen variant. There were no syndromic associations or systemic involvement, and the various morphological subtypes occurred in isolation from one another. We review the clinical spectrum of PLCA, highlight its protean clinical manifestations in this patient, and discuss its postulated pathogenesis in relation to its histopathological features.
Multiple artificial microRNAs targeting conserved motifs of the replicase gene confer robust transgenic resistance to negative‐sense single‐stranded RNA plant virus
Authors: KUNG YI‐JUNG , LIN SHIH‐SHUN , HUANG YA‐LING , CHEN TSUNG‐CHI , HARISH SANKARA SUBRAMANIAN , CHUA NAM‐HAI , YEH SHYI‐DONG 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the abundance of target mRNAs by guiding cleavage at sequence complementary regions. In this study, artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) targeting conserved motifs of the L (replicase) gene of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) were constructed using Arabidopsis pre‐miRNA159a as the backbone. The constructs included six single amiRNAs targeting motifs A, B1, B2, C, D of E, and two triple amiRNAs targeting motifs AB1E or B2DC. Processing of pre‐amiRNAs was confirmed by agro‐infiltration, and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing each amiRNA were generated. Single amiRNA transgenic lines expressing amiR‐LB2 or amiR‐LD showed resistance to WSMoV by delaying symptom development. Triple amiRNA lines expressing amiR‐LB2, amiR‐LD and amiR‐LC provided complete resistance against WSMoV, with no indication of infection 28 days after inoculation. Resistance levels were positively correlated with amiRNA expression levels in these single and triple amiRNA lines. The triple amiR‐LAB1E line did not provide resistance to WSMoV. Similarly, the poorly expressed amiR‐LC and amiR‐LE lines did not provide resistance to WSMoV. The amiR‐LA‐ and amiR‐LB1‐expressing lines were susceptible to WSMoV, and their additional susceptibility to the heterologous Turnip mosaic virus harbouring individual target sequences indicated that these two amiRNAs have no effect in vivo. Transgenic lines expressing amiR‐LB2 exhibited delayed symptoms after challenge with Peanut bud necrosis virus having a single mismatch in the target site. Overall, our results indicate that two amiRNAs, amiR‐LB2 and amiR‐LD, of the six designed amiRNAs confer moderate resistance against WSMoV, and the triple construct including the two amiRNAs provides complete resistance.
Influenza immunization in egg allergy: an update for the 2011–2012 season
Authors: Erlewyn‐Lajeunesse M. , Lucas J. S. A. , Warner J. O. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryFlu vaccines contain detectable amounts of egg protein, which may pose a risk to egg‐allergic individuals. The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic required mass vaccination in many countries, and the safety of flu immunization in egg allergy became of increasing public health importance. This article reviews recent literature and provides an updated guideline for immunization during the 2011–2012 flu season. Recent experience suggests that some vaccines with very low ovalbumin concentrations may be safe for use in primary care in carefully assessed low‐risk individuals.Cite this as: M. Erlewyn‐Lajeunesse, J. S. A. Lucas and J. O. Warner, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1367‐1370.
Effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2] on instantaneous transpiration efficiency at leaf and canopy scales in Eucalyptus saligna
Authors: Barton Craig V.M. , Duursma Remko A. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Ellsworth David S. , Eamus Derek , Tissue David T. , Adams Mark A. , Conroy Jann , Crous Kristine Y. , Liberloo Marion , Löw Markus , Linder Sune , McMurtrie Ross E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRising atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (Ca) can reduce stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in trees, but the magnitude of this effect varies considerably among experiments. The theory of optimal stomatal behaviour predicts that the ratio of photosynthesis to transpiration (instantaneous transpiration efficiency, ITE) should increase in proportion to Ca. We hypothesized that plants regulate stomatal conductance optimally in response to rising Ca. We tested this hypothesis with data from young Eucalyptus saligna Sm. trees grown in 12 climate‐controlled whole‐tree chambers for 2 years at ambient and elevated Ca. Elevated Ca was ambient + 240 ppm, 60% higher than ambient Ca. Leaf‐scale gas exchange was measured throughout the second year of the study and leaf‐scale ITE increased by 60% under elevated Ca, as predicted. Values of leaf‐scale ITE depended strongly on vapour pressure deficit (D) in both CO2 treatments. Whole‐canopy CO2 and H2O fluxes were also monitored continuously for each chamber throughout the second year. There were small differences in D between Ca treatments, which had important effects on values of canopy‐scale ITE. However, when Ca treatments were compared at the same D, canopy‐scale ITE was consistently increased by 60%, again as predicted. Importantly, leaf and canopy‐scale ITE were not significantly different, indicating that ITE was not scale‐dependent. Observed changes in transpiration rate could be explained on the basis that ITE increased in proportion to Ca. The effect of elevated Ca on photosynthesis increased with rising D. At high D, Ca had a large effect on photosynthesis and a small effect on transpiration rate. At low D, in contrast, there was a small effect of Ca on photosynthesis, but a much larger effect on transpiration rate. If shown to be a general response, the proportionality of ITE with Ca will allow us to predict the effects of Ca on transpiration rate.
Granuloma annulare‐like reaction to the bacillus Calmette‐Guerin vaccination
Authors: Nomiyama Tomoko , Takenaka Hideya , Kishimoto Saburo , Katoh Norito 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a 6‐month‐old girl with a granuloma annulare (GA)‐like reaction to the bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) vaccination. The eruption developed at the vaccination site 1 month after vaccination and the lesion gradually disseminated over the body within 2 months. A biopsy specimen of the skin lesion showed degenerated collagen bundles surrounded by imperfect palisading histiocytes, lymphocytes and epithelioid cells in the dermis, which led to a diagnosis of GA‐like reaction as a secondary reaction to BCG inoculation. The eruption at the vaccination site and the scattered GA reaction resolved after 1 month of treatment with prednisolone valerate acetate ointment, leaving only pigmentation.
Numerical simulation of the slant fracture of a helicopter's rotor hub with ductile damage failure criteria
Authors: GIGLIO M. , MANES A. , VIGANÒ F. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe main rotor hub is one of the most critical components in helicopter structures. Thus, to assess the behaviour of the component, a fatigue test until failure has been carried out on a real Ti–6Al–4V hub. A fracture mechanics analysis is used to estimate the critical crack dimensions. Subsequently, the slant fracture due to a propagating fatigue crack has also been simulated numerically with an explicit finite element model, using the Bao–Wierzbicki ductile damage criterion. Fracture toughness and failure calibration of Ti alloy have been carried out to obtain reliable results. The numerical fracture surface obtained has been compared with the experimental one.
Predictors of locally advanced and metastatic disease in patients with small renal masses
Authors: Kates Max , Korets Ruslan , Sadeghi Neda , Pierorazio Phillip M. , McKiernan James M. 
Published: September 2011

Study Type – Prognosis (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?There is a small cohort of patients who have small renal masses with metastatic potential, yet risk factors for having this more aggressive disease are largely unknown.In a large sampling of the US population, older patients and men were more likely to have small renal masses at an advanced stage.OBJECTIVES
To assess the prevalence metastatic and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the US population with small renal masses (SRMs).
To determine what patient and tumour characteristics predict having more advanced SRMs.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry, we identified 14 962 patients who were diagnosed between 1988 and 2007 with RCC ≤3 cm in size.
Patients were separated by stage into those with metastatic, locally advanced and localized disease.
Differences in baseline characteristics between patients in these three groups were assessed.
After controlling for age, sex, grade, tumour size and year of surgery, a logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the likelihood of having non‐localized disease.
RESULTS
In the SEER cohort, 13 574 (90.7%) patients with RCC ≤3 cm in size were diagnosed with localized disease, 938 (6.3%) patients had invasion beyond the kidney into regional lymph nodes or nearby organs, and 450 (3.0%) patients had distant metastasis.
Patients with metastasis were older (65.9 years) compared to those with localized disease (59.5 years) (P < 0.001).
Independent preoperative predictors of having more aggressive disease at diagnosis (locally advanced/metastatic) included older age, particularly age >70 years (odds ratio, OR, 2.42; 95% confidence interval, CI, 2.03–2.88), male sex (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.33–1.70) and tumour size >2.5 (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.25–1.58).
CONCLUSIONS
A small subset (3%) of patients in the USA with RCC ≤3 cm in size have distant metastasis.
Older patients, men and those with tumours 2.5–3.0 cm in size have a greater probability of presenting with non‐localized disease .
Clinicians should be aware that there is a risk of metastases in patients with SRMs and also familiarize themselves with the characteristics associated with advanced disease.
Val97Leu mutant presenilin‐1 induces tau hyperphosphorylation and spatial memory deficit in mice and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Wang Yue , Cheng Zhe , Qin Wei , Jia Jianping 
Published: September 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 135–145.AbstractAlthough the pathological role of presenilin‐1 mutation in early onset familial Alzheimer’s disease has been widely studied, few focused on how the presenilin‐1 mutations result in memory impairment and tau hyperphosphorylation. In the present study, we expressed human Val97Leu mutant presenilin‐1, which is reported in Chinese pedigrees by our group, in transgenic mice and found that the mutant presenilin‐1 induced spatial memory deficit and tau hyperphosphorylation at PHF‐1, pS199/202, pT231 and pS396 epitopes, but not at pS214 and pS422 epitopes. Pearson analysis showed that the memory deficit was only significantly correlated with tau phosphorylation level at PHF‐1, pS199/202, pT231 and pS396 epitopes. Additionally, the hyperphosphorylated tau and tangle‐like argentophilic structures were detected at CA3 and CA4, but not CA1, region of hippocampus, and we also found tangle‐like structure and wizened degenerative neurons in frontal cortex. We demonstrated the tau hyperphosphorylation at the same epitopes in N2a cells expressing the mutant presenilin‐1, which is caused by inhibition of phosphoinositol‐3 kinase/Akt and activation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3 specifically. Our data demonstrated that human Val97Leu mutant presenilin‐1 causes spatial memory deficit in mice and increases tau phosphorylation level in glycogen synthase kinase‐3‐dependent manner.
The Current State of Interventional Nephrology in India
Authors: Vachharajani Tushar J. , Balasubramaniam Jeyaraj , Abraham Georgi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNephrologists in India have embraced providing complete care to their patients and recognize the benefits of coordinated care. This review describes the practice of interventional nephrology in India. Even though the benefits of using tunneled catheters over nontunneled catheters are well recognized, the use of nontunneled catheters is preferred, primarily because of financial constraints and the lack of training facilities. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the most common form of dialysis vascular access, often created by nephrologists. Upper arm AVF and arteriovenous grafts are uncommon. The implementation of surveillance tests and elective endovascular interventions on arteriovenous accesses is limited in India, compared to being a routine practice in the United States. The clinical experience from a center in Southern India is described here to show the current state of procedural nephrology practice in India.
Reevaluation of the Effect of Phenylephrine on Resolution of Nephrosplenic Entrapment by the Rolling Procedure in 87 Horses
Authors: Baker William True , Frederick Jeremy , Giguere Steve , Lynch Timothy M. , Lehmkuhl Heather D. , Slone Donnie E. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome in horses treated with a rolling technique or surgically for nephrosplenic entrapment of the large colon (NSE) and to examine the benefit of phenylephrine (PE)HClon the efficacy of nonsurgical (rolling) management ofNSE.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsHorses (n= 211) diagnosed withNSEby rectal palpation with or without ultrasonography, or at the time of exploratory celiotomy or necropsy.MethodsMedical records (January 1, 2001–September 1, 2008) were collected from horses diagnosed withNSEat 2 referral centers. Records were used to obtain signalment, physical exam findings, laboratory results, ultrasonographic findings, the use ofPEHCl, the specific treatment used, and outcome. Rectal findings indicative ofNSEwere: (1) palpation of large colon within the nephrosplenic space or (2) palpation of colonic bands coursing dorsally toward the nephrosplenic space in association with ultrasonographic findings suggestive ofNSE.ResultsRolling was successful in 50 of 87 (58%) horses, 85 horses (98%) survived to discharge. Horses (n= 155) that were treated surgically (42 of which had previously undergone the rolling procedure) had a 94% short‐term survival rate. Premedication withPEresulted in no significant difference (P= .91) in resolution ofNSEby rolling.ConclusionsResolution ofNSEby rolling was not significantly affected by premedication withPEin the population studied.
Stand and cohort structures of old‐growthPinus resinosa‐dominated forests of northernMinnesota,USA
Authors: Fraver Shawn , Palik Brian J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractQuestionsWhat is the natural range of variability in stand and age structure of old‐growthPinus resinosa‐dominated forests? Does the spatial pattern of tree ages provide insights into past disturbances that structured these forests?LocationOld‐growthP. resinosaforests at seven sites inMinnesota,USA.MethodsWe applied detailed dendrochronological methods to living and dead material to reconstruct stand and age structures prior toEuropean settlement of the region. We linked dendrochronological data to mapped stem locations to shed light on spatial patterns of past disturbance.ResultsData pooled across sites revealed a mean living tree basal area of 34.8 m2·ha−1, snag basal area of 6.9 m2·ha−1and down woody debris (DWD) volume of 100 m3·ha−1. Living tree diameter distributions varied between sites; however, at all sites, smaller diameter classes were dominated by non‐pines, many pre‐dating the onset of fire suppression in the 1920s. There were a variety ofP. resinosaage structures, including one‐cohort, two‐cohort (at times with additional sporadic recruitment) and three‐cohort stands. For multi‐cohort stands, the spatial pattern of cohorts shows considerable within‐stand patchiness.ConclusionsThe wide range of stand and age‐cohort structures in these old‐growthP. resinosastands depicts pre‐settlement forests more complex than those of the single‐cohort, post‐stand‐replacing‐fire model that has guided regional forest management. Within‐stand patchiness of cohort age structures implies disturbances operating at scales smaller than typically associated with this regional forest type. Presence of non‐pine ‘ingrowth' on all sites might suggest thatP. resinosastands supporting these species lie within the natural range of variability for this community type, representing situations in which surface fires did not occur for extended periods or were spatially patchy at the stand scale. The diversity of reference conditions documented here suggests targets that might guide ecological restoration prescriptions for these ecosystems, with the goal of reintroducing structural and compositional complexity reflecting natural disturbance and stand development.
Optimal Timing to Evaluate Prediagnostic Baseline Erectile Function in Patients Undergoing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Kim Dong Suk , Chung Yeun Goo , Kim Dong Jun , Park Kyung Kgi , Chung Mun Su , Lee Dae Hoon , Lee Seung Hwan , Mah Sang Yol , Chung Byung Ha 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Accurate assessment of prediagnostic baseline erectile function (EF) is crucial when evaluating postoperative changes of EF in patients undergoing bilateral nerve sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RLRP). Because score domains of the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) can be affected by factors such as recall intervals and psychological stress or discomfort due to cancer diagnosis and treatment, it is important to assess the prediagnostic baseline EF at appropriate times.

Aim
To determine optimal timing to evaluate prediagnostic baseline EF in patients undergoing bilateral nerve sparing RLRP.

Methods
Between March 2009 and February 2010, 54 patients ranging in age from 48 to 74 years were asked to complete IIEF-5 questionnaires before prostate biopsy, 1 day before RLRP, and 1 month after RLRP to assess preoperative baseline EF.

Main Outcome Measures
Differences in the mean scores of IIEF-5 were analyzed using paired t-tests. The strengths of the linear relationships among the three IIEF-5 scores were quantified using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. An interrator agreement analysis in distribution was performed using the kappa statistic to determine the degree of agreement among the IIEF-5 scores.

Results
The mean IIEF-5 score before RLRP was significantly higher than the mean IIEF-5 score before prostate biopsy (P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean IIEF-5 scores before prostate biopsy and 1 month following RLRP (P = 0.931). Scores of the IIEF-5 taken before prostate biopsy and 1 month following RLRP showed substantial agreement (kappa = 0.712), whereas scores of the IIEF-5 taken before prostate biopsy and before RLRP showed lower agreement (kappa = 0.325).

Conclusion
To more accurately assess the prediagnostic baseline EF in patients with localized prostate cancer, the IIEF-5 questionnaire should be administered before prostate biopsy rather than before RLRP as cancer diagnosis-related symptoms and depression can affect IIEF-5 scores.
Effect of Temperature and Some Added Compounds on the Stability of Blood Orange Marmalade
Authors: Licciardello Fabio , Muratore Giuseppe 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:  Jams and marmalades are often wrongly believed to be stable products, as the degradation of pigments such as anthocyanins, browning reactions, and the formation of sugar degradation products may occur during storage. The paper aims at studying some of the degradation reactions occurring in blood orange marmalade stored at 20 °C and 35 °C. The addition of natural (tea extract) and naturally occurring (ascorbic acid, cysteine, gallic acid) compounds to marmalade was addressed at investigating the possible effect on retarding such phenomena. Results highlight the dependence of anthocyans and 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde (HMF) levels on the storage temperature. Marmalades added with cysteine, unlike the samples added with phenol compounds, showed higher anthocyans and lower HMF levels just after processing, together with a reduced anthocyan loss kinetics and a slowdown of HMF formation during storage at both temperatures.Practical Application:  Transformation of blood oranges into marmalade represents an alternative to fresh market in periods when the high availability of the citrus causes the collapse of prices. Blood orange marmalade is characterized by a high nutritional value, however, it is not widely distributed yet. Its storability is limited by color and organoleptic changes that influence consumers’ acceptance. The optimization of blood orange marmalade preparation could help producers improve storability and widen distribution.
Chironomid (Diptera) distribution and diversity in Tibetan streams with different glacial influence
Authors: HAMERLÍK LADISLAV , JACOBSEN DEAN 
Published: September 2011

Abstract.  1. We collected chironomid larvae and measured basic environmental variables in eight high mountain streams with different degrees of glacial influence in southern Tibet.2. In total, 32 chironomid taxa were collected. The Orthocladiinae subfamily dominated both in taxon number and in abundance.3. Both average taxon number and abundance were lower in glacier‐fed streams compared with those of non‐glacial origin. The total taxon number collected (γ diversity) was similar regardless of glacial influence. However, spot diversity (α diversity) was higher in non‐glacial streams, while glacier‐fed streams supported higher species turnover (β diversity).4. Detrended correspondence analysis scattered the study sites along the first ordination axis, representing a combination of distance from glacier and channel stability. Two‐way indicator analysis distinguished three groups of sites. Group 1 represented the sites closest to the glacier and were characterised by unstable channel conditions and low temperature with characteristic taxa Diamesa sp. 1, Orthocladius (Eud.) sp. and Rheocricotopus sp. Group 2 was made up of glacier‐fed streams situated further from glaciers, with unstable channels and characterised by Orthocladius (Euo.) sp. Group 3 contained non‐glacial streams as well as a glacier‐fed stream further from the glacier margin. For these sites, stable channels and high conductivity were characteristic and Cricotopus (C.) sp., Pseudosmittia sp, Polypedilum sp., Eukiefferiella gracei group and Pagastia sp. 1 were the dominating taxa.5. We propose a general distribution pattern of chironomids in the streams of glacial and non‐glacial influence in Tibet, which is in accordance with the model proposed by Milner et al. (2001a) Freshwater Biology, 46, 1833–1847.