bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breeding dispersal strategies following reproductive failure explain low apparent survival of immigrant Temminck's stints
Authors: Pakanen Veli‐Matti , Hildén Olavi , Rönkä Antti , Belda Eduardo J. , Luukkonen Aappo , Kvist Laura , Koivula Kari 
Published: October 2010

In some animal populations, immigrants have lower survival than philopatric individuals. Costs of dispersal or low phenotypic quality of dispersers may explain the pattern. However, apparent adult survival estimates, which describe real survival combined with site fidelity cannot be separated from permanent emigration. Thus, heterogeneity in breeding dispersal propensities of immigrants and philopatrics can bias fitness correlates of dispersal. Differences in breeding dispersal propensities may be caused by different strategies in response to environmental cues inducing dispersal, such as reproductive success. In such cases, the reported differences between immigrants and philopatric individuals may not reflect true variation in survival.We studied whether dispersal status specific apparent adult survival is associated with reproductive success in a Temminck's stintCalidris temminckiipopulation. We analysed two long term capture–recapture datasets characterised by low and high nest predation levels. Philopatric individuals had higher apparent adult survival than immigrants in both datasets and the difference was highlighted during the high nest predation period. By contrasting return rates between successful and unsuccessful breeders as a proxy for dispersal, we found that unsuccessful immigrants breeding for the first time dispersed more likely than successful immigrants, but such a pattern was not found among philopatric individuals. Our results support the hypothesis that immigrant and philopatric individuals have different breeding dispersal strategies following reproductive failure and that their apparent adult survival differences are at least partly explained by different breeding dispersal propensities. Our results also suggest that the recent decline of the study population reflects a multiple response to increased nest predation through decreased local recruitment and increased emigration.
Short Implants: A Descriptive Study of 273 Implants
Authors: Sánchez‐Garcés M. Angels , Costa‐Berenguer Xavier , Gay‐Escoda Cosme 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTPurpose: The study aims to assess the performance of short implants in a series of patients with severe alveolar resorption.Materials and Methods: A review is made of 273 implants measuring 10 mm or less, placed by conventional surgery or using osteotomes, and with a postloading follow‐up of between 18 months and 12 years (mean 81 months).Results: A total of 20 failures were recorded (7.33%), with a global implant survival of 92.67%. The survival rate for 10 mm implants was 92.82%, versus 92.5% in the case of those measuring less than 10 mm. Overall, the failure rate was lowest for the treated surface implants (2.56% vs 4.76%). On considering the implants measuring under 10 mm, the failure rates were similar in both groups (3.77%).Conclusions: Short implants are a good treatment alternative for patients with severe alveolar resorption of both jaws.
Survival of Dental Implants in Irradiated Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Buddula Aravind , Assad Daniel A. , Salinas Thomas J. , Garces Yolanda I. , Volz John E. , Weaver Amy L. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTPurpose: To study the long‐term survival of dental implants placed in irradiated bone in subjects who received radiation for head and neck cancer.Materials and Method: A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients who received dental implants following radiation treatment for head and neck cancer between May 1, 1987 through July 1, 2008. Only patients irradiated with a radiation dose of 50 Gy or greater and those who received dental implants in the irradiated field after head and neck radiation were included in the study. The associations between implant survival and patient/implant characteristics were estimated by fitting univariate marginal Cox proportional hazards models.Results: A total of 48 patients who had prior head and neck radiation had 271 dental implants placed during May 1987 to July 2008. The estimated survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 98.9%, 89.9%, and 72.3%, respectively. Implants placed in the maxilla were more likely to fail than implants placed in the mandible (p = .002).There was also a tendency for implants placed in the posterior region to fail compared with those placed in the anterior region (p = .051).Conclusion: Dental implants placed in irradiated bone have a greater risk for failure. Survival is significantly influenced by the location of the implant (maxilla or mandible, anterior or posterior).
Nasal Floor Elevation Combined with Dental Implant Placement
Authors: Mazor Ziv , Lorean Adi , Mijiritsky Eitan , Levin Liran 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of the present study was to report on the survival of dental implants placed in conjunction with nasal floor elevation.Methods: A retrospective cohort of 32 consecutive patients from two private practices was evaluated. All patients presented with alveolar bone height deficiency in the anterior region, which was not sufficient to place a dental implant according to a computed tomography (CT) scan preformed prior to implantation. Elevation and augmentation of the nasal mucosa was performed simultaneously with dental implant placement. Data collection included demographic information, as well as records of the pre‐operative available bone height, implant dimensions, bone addition following nasal floor augmentation, and survival of the implants at last follow‐up.Results: Overall, 32 patients received 100 implants that were performed in conjunction with nasal floor elevation. The average pre‐operative available bone height according to a CT scan that was preformed prior to implantation was 9.1 ± 0.9 mm and ranged from 7.3 to 11.2 mm. Bone addition following nasal floor augmentation was 3.4 ± 0.9 mm and ranged between1.1 and 5.7 mm. The mean follow‐up time was 27.8 ± 12.4 months, and during that follow‐up period, no implant failure was recorded, resulting in 100% implant survival.Conclusion: Nasal floor elevation might serve as a predictable procedure, which allows implant placement in areas with significant atrophy together with increased implant stability due to the bicortical support.
Inhibitory effect of heat‐killed Lactobacillus strain on immunoglobulin E‐mediated degranulation and late‐phase immune reactions of mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells
Authors: KAWAHARA Takeshi 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the in vitro effect of Lactobacillus strains, a major group of probiotic lactic acid bacteria, on immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐ and antigen‐induced mast cell degranulation and subsequent gene expression. Bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMCs) from DBA/2 mice were cultured with heat‐killed Lactobacillus strains for 24 h. Some strains significantly inhibited IgE‐ and antigen‐induced β‐hexosaminidase release from BMMCs. Furthermore, Lactobacillus reuteri NBRC 15892, which exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity, significantly reduced the elevated interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐13, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and cyclooxygenase‐2 expression levels that was induced by 1–2 h of stimulation with IgE and antigens. The suppressive effect of NBRC 15892 strain on BMMC degranulation was significantly reduced in the presence of a toll‐like receptor (TLR)2‐neutralizing antibody. In addition, downregulation of cell surface FcεRIα expression was observed after 6 h of NBRC 15892 treatment. These results suggest that some Lactobacillus strains inhibited IgE‐mediated mast cell degranulation and subsequent late‐phase reactions involving mast cells via a TLR2‐dependent mechanism with FcεRIα downregulation.
Core Elements of U.S. Nurse Practice Acts and Incorporation of Nursing Diagnosis Language
Authors: Jarrín Olga F. 
Published: October 2010

PURPOSE.  This paper describes the core elements of U.S. nurse practice acts and provides an update of Lavin, Meyer, and Carlson (1999) Review of the Use of Nursing Diagnosis in U.S. Nurse Practice Acts.METHODS.  Nurse practice acts from all states and the District of Columbia were collected and analyzed using qualitative content analysis with the software NVivo8.FINDINGS.  Major themes identified were nursing “care,” nursing process, supervision/delegation, executing the medical regimen, health maintenance/prevention, and teaching nursing. The concept “diagnosis” was a subtheme in 86% of practice acts; however, only 63% utilized “diagnosis” language.CONCLUSION.  The number of practice acts utilizing nursing “diagnosis” language has remained nearly constant over the past decade.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  Consensus on the use of nursing diagnosis language may be facilitated through linkages with nursing theory and revision of the model Nurse Practice Act.
Static and dynamic ultrasonography for the early diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia
Authors: Fischer A. , Flöck A. , Tellhelm B. , Failing K. , Kramer M. , Thiel C. 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To determine the feasibility of sonographical examination of hip joints in non‐sedated puppies and to assess the value of static and dynamic ultrasonography for the early diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia (CHD).Methods: Prospective study was carried out. Five hundred and sixty‐six puppies between the ages of 16 and 49 days underwent sonographical determination of the α‐angle, joint laxity and distraction value (DV). Sonographical parameters were correlated to conventional radiographic CHD classification in the adult dogs.Results: α‐Angles between 74° and 89° (X±sd=82·8°±2·31°) were measured. Despite the feasibility of sonographical hip assessment in puppies, no statistically significant correlation was found between sonographical determinations of the α‐angle, joint laxity, DV and conventional radiographic hip joint classification at the age of 12 to 24 months.ClinicalSignificance: Results of our study suggest that static and dynamic ultrasonography of hip joints in puppies between 16 and 49 days of age is technically feasible but cannot be recommended for detecting puppies that will develop CHD between the ages of 12 and 24 months.
Shallow and deep lunge feeding of humpback whales in fjords of the West Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Ware Colin , Friedlaender Ari S. , Nowacek Douglas P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHumpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) belong to the class of marine mammals known as rorquals that feed through extraordinarily energetic lunges during which they engulf large volumes of water equal to as much as 70% of their body mass. To understand the kinematics of humpback lunge feeding, we attached high‐resolution digital recording tags incorporating accelerometers, magnetometers, pressure and sound recording to whales feeding on euphausiids in fjords of the West Antarctic Peninsula. Instances of near vertical lunges gave us the unique opportunity to use the signal from the accelerometer to obtain a fine scale record of the body accelerations involved in lunging. We found that lunges contain extreme accelerations reaching 2.5 m/s2 in certain instances, which are then followed by decelerations. When animals are intensively feeding the inter‐lunge interval is similar for both deep and shallow lunges suggesting a biomechanical constraint on lunges. However, the number of lunges per dive varies from one for shallow feeding (<25 m) to a median of six for deeper dives. Different feeding patterns were evident in the kinematic record, for deep and shallow feeding bouts with the much greater mean turn rates occurring in shallow feeding.
Seasonal changes in pod characteristics of eastern Australian humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), Hervey Bay 1992–2005
Authors: Franklin Trish , Franklin Wally , Brooks Lyndon , Harrison Peter , Baverstock Peter , Clapham Phillip 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe investigated the characteristics and composition of 4,506 humpback whale pods observed in Hervey Bay between 1992 and 2005. We use these data to analyze and model the variability of pod size and composition, and to assess the importance of Hervey Bay for particular classes of humpback whales. Pods ranged in size from one to nine individuals. Pairs were the most frequent pod type (1,344, 29.8%), followed by mother‐calf alone (1,249, 27.7%), trios (759, 16.8%), singletons (717, 15.9%), and 4+ whales (437, 9.7%). Of the 4,506 pods, calves were present in 40%, and 10.8% of all pods had one or more escorts present. Of the 1,804 pods observed with calves present, 1,251 (69.4%) were mothers alone with their calves. The size and composition of pods in the study area varied significantly as the season progressed. Pods with calves present were rarely recorded early in the season but dominated later in the season. A significant increase over years in larger groups may be related to social and behavioral changes as the population expands. The data indicate that Hervey Bay is important to immature males and females early in the season, to mature males and females in mid‐season, and to mother‐calf pairs (either alone or with escorts) in mid‐to‐late season.
A postmortem study of the corpus callosum in the common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
Authors: Ratner Cecilia , Riise Jesper , Eriksen Nina , Pakkenberg Bente 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCetaceans diverged from terrestrial mammals approximately 53 mya and have evolved independently since then. During this time period, they have developed a complex nervous system with many adaptations to the marine environment. This study used stereological methods to estimate the total number and diameter of the myelinated fibers in the corpus callosum of the common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) (n= 4). The total number of callosal fibers was estimated to 55.3 × 106 (range: 49.0 × 106–59.1 × 106). Despite large variations of the callosal area (350–950 mm2), there was little variation in total fiber number. The fibers with diameters ranging from 0.822 to 1.14 μm were the most frequent, which is similar to results obtained in the human brain using the same method. There was no systematic distribution of large‐, middle‐, or small‐sized fibers along the rostrocaudal axis of the corpus callosum. This study indicated that the corpus callosum of the common minke whale is small and has few fibers compared to terrestrial mammals.
Naming psychosis: the Hong Kong experience
Authors: Chiu Cindy P.‐Y. , Lam May M.‐L. , Chan Sherry K.‐W. , Chung Dicky W.‐S. , Hung Se‐Fong , Tang Jennifer Y.‐M. , Wong Gloria H.‐Y. , Hui Christy L.‐M. , Chen Eric Y.‐H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim: Schizophrenia translates in Chinese as ‘Mind Split Disease’ which is heavily stigmatizing. The narrow conceptualization for schizophrenia alone was insufficient, in the context of early detection and intervention for psychosis. The need for an effective Chinese translation for psychotic disorders was imminent upon the launch of the Early Assessment Service for Young People with Psychosis in Hong Kong, where public awareness strategies had to be built upon effective communication of the disorder.Methods: ‘Si Jue Shi Tiao’, the new term for psychosis, described ‘thought and perceptual dysregulation’. This new terminology and concept was strategically introduced to the local community.Results: The term ‘Si Jue Shi Tiao’ was taken up well locally and had demonstrated interactions within the Chinese and East Asian communities. The public has taken in the broader concept of psychosis, in contrary to the previous concept of schizophrenia per se.Conclusions: In Hong Kong, the restrictive view of perceiving psychotic disorders as schizophrenia was broadened upon the introduction of a more embracing, less stigmatizing term ‘Si Jue Shi Tiao’. Effective establishment of this term to the local vocabulary allowed a basis for communication as well as public education work. Further evaluation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of the naming and to guide further public awareness strategies.
Bifidobacterium population analysis in the infant gut by direct mapping of genomic hybridization patterns: potential for monitoring temporal development and effects of dietary regimens
Authors: Boesten Rolf , Schuren Frank , Ben Amor Kaouther , Haarman Monique , Knol Jan , de Vos Willem M. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryA bifidobacterial mixed‐species microarray platform was used in a proof‐of‐principle study to address the composition and development of bifidobacteria in DNA extracted from faecal samples. These were collected in a time‐course of 2 years since birth and derived from human infants that were breastfed, standard formula‐fed or received a prebiotic formula during their weaning period. A set of over 50 samples was analysed, testifying for the throughput of the designed platform for multiple genome hybridizations. The generated data revealed that faecal samples of breastfed infants contained a high abundance of genomic DNA homologous to Bifidobacterium breve. In contrast, faecal samples from standard formula‐fed infants lacked detectable amounts of this B. breve DNA but contained genes with high similarity to B. longum. Remarkably, infants that received breastmilk and later a prebiotic formula consisting of a standard formula milk containing a mixture of specific galacto‐ and fructo‐oligosaccharides, continued to harbour a B. breve‐dominant faecal population. One infant that received standard formula in combination with the additional B. lactis Bb12 culture, contained significant amounts of faecal DNA belonging to Bb12 but only during the period of ingestion. The microarray platform showed sufficient sensitivity to analyse the B. breve group at the strain level. Overall, the B. breve populations observed in the faecal samples of the studied infants showed a stable composition over time and were unique per infant. In conclusion, our results show the applicability of comparative genome hybridization to study bifidobacterial populations in infant faecal samples without the use of any amplification step.
Late Onset Sporadic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Caused by a Cardiac Troponin T Mutation
Authors: Morales Ana , Pinto Jose Renato , Siegfried Jill D. , Li Duanxiang , Norton Nadine , Hofmeyer Mark , Vallin Marta , Morales Azorides R. , Potter James D. , Hershberger Ray E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMutations in TNNT2, encoding cardiac troponin T, commonly shows early onset, aggressive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This observation may influence the decision of whether to undertake clinical genetic testing for TNNT2 in later onset DCM. Further, the trigger for late onset DCM remains enigmatic. A 70‐year‐old woman, previously healthy with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 50%–55% at age 69, presented with DCM of unknown cause and a 4‐month history progressive heart failure requiring cardiac transplantation. Clinical genetic testing revealed a novel TNNT2 R139H mutation but no relevant variants in 18 other DCM genes. Her explanted heart showed partial fatty replacement in the right ventricle. Sequencing for five arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia genes was negative. Functional studies in porcine cardiac skinned fibers reconstituted with the mutant R139H troponin T protein showed decreased Ca2+ sensitivity at pH 7, characteristic of DCM. Because fatty infiltration may acidify the myocellular environment, maximal force development examined at pH 6.5 was diminished, suggesting a possible environmental trigger. We conclude that the TNNT2 R139H mutation was likely to be disease causing. Further, later age of onset may not be relevant to exclude genetic testing for TNNT2 mutations. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 219–226.
The Function of Vascular Smooth Muscle Phosphodiesterase III is Preserved in Healthy Human Aging
Authors: Elvebak Rachel L. , Eisenach John H. , Joyner Michael J. , Nicholson Wayne T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPhosphodiesterase (PDE) III is an enzyme in vascular smooth muscle that metabolizes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Milrinone inhibits PDE III, increasing the availability of cAMP. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which is regulated by nitric oxide (NO), also inhibits PDE III. The endothelial NO component of prostacyclin (PGI2)‐mediated vasodilation is reduced in aging. This study investigated if PGI2‐mediated vasodilation during concomitant inhibition of endothelial NO and smooth muscle PDE III is affected by healthy aging. PDE III was inhibited with milrinone in 10 older subjects and 10 young matched controls while simultaneously infusing NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine acetate (l‐NMMA) to remove the confounding inhibitory effects of cGMP on PDE III. Incremental doses of PGI2 and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were administered to the brachial artery during separate trials. l‐NMMA decreased baseline blood flow similarly, and the addition of milrinone increased baseline blood flow similarly in both groups. The forearm blood flow responses to PGI2 were similar between groups (younger: 7.62 ± 0.72; older: 6.88 ± 0.81 mL•dL−1 FAV•min−1 at the highest dose of PGI2). SNP responses were also similar. This study suggests that the vasodilator pathway associated with PDE III function, the bioavailability of cAMP, and the interaction with cGMP may be preserved in healthy aging. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 239–242.
Inhibition of selenite‐induced cataract by caffeine
Authors: Varma Shambhu D. , Hegde Kavita R. , Kovtun Svitlana 
Published: October 2010

Abstract.Purpose: The objective of the investigation was to study possible inhibition of oxidative stress and cataract formation by caffeinein vivo.Methods: Oxidative stress and consequent cataract formation was induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of sodium selenite (1.16 μmol) to Sprague–Dawley rat pups on day 9 postnatally. In experiments designed to inhibit such cataract formation, the pups were pretreated intraperitoneally with caffeine (5.15 μmol), starting 2 days prior to the administration of selenite and continuing such treatment till day 21, when the experiments were terminated. The extent of tissue damage caused by the selenite was assessed biochemically by measurements of the levels of GSH and ATP in the isolated lenses. Cataract formation and its prevention were monitored by examining the eye with pen light illumination and subsequent photography of the isolated lenses.Results: Injection of selenite led to a significant loss of lens clarity because of cataract formation. In the group treated with caffeine, the formation of cataract was significantly prevented. In the caffeine‐untreated group, the levels of lens GSH and ATP were substantially lower than in the caffeine‐treated group. The levels of GSH decreased from a value of ∼ 8.2 μmol to ∼ 2 μmol/g wet weight of the lens. The content of ATP decreased from ∼ 2.5 μmol to about ∼ 1 μmol. In the case of caffeine‐treated group, these decreases were significantly prevented from taking place, the corresponding values of GSH and ATP being ∼ 5.8 and ∼ 1.6 μmol/g, respectively.Conclusion: Over all, the results suggest that caffeine can exert a significant preventive effect against cataract formation induced by agents generating reactive oxygen species such as sodium selenite.