bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and prognostic value of platelet‐derived growth factor‐AA and its receptor α in nephroblastoma
Authors: Ghanem Mazen , Nijman Rien , Safan Manal , Van Der Kwast Theodorus , Vansteenbrugge Gert 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate the potential role of platelet‐derived growth factor‐AA (PDGF‐AA) and the PDGF‐α receptor as prognostic markers in Wilms’ tumour.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe expression of PDGF‐AA and PDGF‐α were investigated using immunohistochemical analysis of 62 Wilms’ tumours. Patients were treated with chemotherapeutic agents before surgery and had a mean follow‐up of 6.4 years.RESULTSPDGF‐AA and PDGF‐α were expressed by the mesenchymal tissue of the normal kidney and mainly detected in the epithelial component of Wilms’ tumour. Immunoreactive tumour epithelium cells were found in 50% and 55% for PDGF‐AA and PDGF‐α, respectively. The epithelial expression of both PDGF‐AA and PDGF‐α correlated with pathological stage. Univariate analysis showed that epithelial PDGF‐AA and PDGF‐α receptor expression were indicative of clinical progression. In a multivariate analysis, PDGF‐α protein expression by epithelial cells was an independent prognostic marker of a favourable prognosis.CONCLUSIONSExpression of both PDGF‐AA and PDGF‐α in the epithelial part of Wilms’ tumour correlated with tumour stage and clinical progression. Our data suggest that both PDGF‐AA and PDGF‐α receptor expression are related to prognosis.
Socially responsible investment fund performance: the impact of screening intensity
Authors: Lee Darren D. , Humphrey Jacquelyn E. , Benson Karen L. , Ahn Jason Y. K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPerhaps the most common criticism of socially responsible investment funds is that imposing non‐financial screens restricts investment opportunities, reduces diversification efficiencies and thereby adversely impacts performance. In this study we investigate this proposition and test whether the number of screens employed has a linear or curvilinear relation with return. Moreover, we analyse the link between screening intensity and risk. Screening intensity has no effect on unadjusted (raw) returns or idiosyncratic risk. However, we find a significant reduction in α of 70 basis points per screen using the Carhart performance model. Increased screening results in lower systematic risk – in line with managers choosing lower β stocks to minimize overall risk.
The Cognitive Perspective in Entrepreneurship: An Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Grégoire Denis A. , Corbett Andrew C. , McMullen Jeffery S. 
Published: February 2010

abstractDespite its many achievements, scholarship at the intersection of entrepreneurship and cognition has focused primarily on the consequences of what happens when an entrepreneur benefits from various cognitive characteristics, resources, or other dispositions. As such, cognitive research in entrepreneurship continues to suffer from narrow theoretical articulations and weak conceptual foundations that lessen its contribution to the managerial sciences. To address these issues, we draw from extant work on the nature and practice of cognitive research to develop a systematic approach to study entrepreneurship cognition. To further articulate this agenda, we assess the state of the field by content‐analysing entrepreneurship cognition articles published between 1976 and 2008. We find that, although it has investigated many relevant variables, research on entrepreneurship cognition has failed to fully articulate key conceptual features of the cognitive perspective. Building on these observations, we propose concrete strategies and research questions to augment the contribution of entrepreneurship cognition research, and advance this research beyond its current focus on ‘cognitive consequences’. In particular, we illustrate the scholarly potential of disentangling the various antecedents of entrepreneurship cognition, of studying the process interactions between cognitive resources and mental representations, and of exploring the operation of entrepreneurship cognition across levels of analysis.
Production of antibodies in plants: status after twenty years
Authors: De Muynck Benoit , Navarre Catherine , Boutry Marc 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThanks to their potential to bind virtually all types of molecules; monoclonal antibodies are in increasing demand as therapeutics and diagnostics. To overcome the overloading of current production facilities, alternative expression systems have been developed, of which plants appear the most promising. In this review, we focus on the expression of monoclonal IgG or IgM in plant species. We analyse the data for 32 different antibodies expressed in various ways, differing in DNA construction, transformation method, signal peptide source, presence or absence of an endoplasmic reticulum retention sequence, host species and the organs tested, together resulting in 98 reported combinations. A large heterogeneity is found in the quantity and quality of the antibody produced. We discuss in more detail the strategy used to express both chains, the nature of the transcription promoters, subcellular localization and unintended proteolysis, when encountered.
ABORTION COUNSELLING AND THE INFORMED CONSENT DILEMMA
Authors: WOODCOCK SCOTT 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTAn obstacle to abortion exists in the form of abortion ‘counselling’ that discourages women from terminating their pregnancies. This counselling involves providing information about the procedure that tends to create feelings of guilt, anxiety and strong emotional reactions to the recognizable form of a human fetus. Instances of such counselling that involve false or misleading information are clearly unethical and do not prompt much philosophical reflection, but the prospect of truthful abortion counselling draws attention to a delicate issue for healthcare professionals seeking to respect patient autonomy. This is the fact that even accurate information about abortion procedures can have intimidating effects on women seeking to terminate a pregnancy. Consequently, a dilemma arises regarding the information that one ought to provide to patients considering an abortion: on the one hand, the mere offering of certain types of information can lead to intimidation; on the other hand, withholding information that some patients would consider relevant to their decision‐making is objectionably paternalistic on any standard account of the physician‐patient relationship. This is an unsettling conclusion for the possibility of setting fixed professional guidelines regarding the counselling offered to women who are considering abortion. Thus, abortion ought to be viewed as an illuminating example of a procedure for which the process of securing informed consent ought to be highly context‐sensitive and responsive to the needs of each individual patient. This result underscores the need for health care professionals to cultivate trusting relationships with patients and to develop finely tuned powers of practical judgment.
Understanding cognitive presence in an online and blended community of inquiry: Assessing outcomes and processes for deep approaches to learning
Authors: Akyol Zehra , Garrison D. Randy 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper focuses on deep and meaningful learning approaches and outcomes associated with online and blended communities of inquiry. Applying mixed methodology for the research design, the study used transcript analysis, learning outcomes, perceived learning, satisfaction, and interviews to assess learning processes and outcomes. The findings for learning processes and outcomes indicated that students in both online and blended courses were able to reach high levels of cognitive presence and learning outcomes. The results suggest that cognitive presence in a community of inquiry is associated with perceived and actual learning outcomes. It is recommended that future research efforts focus on quantitative measures to establish links between cognitive presence and the quality of learning outcomes.
Definitions of antiretroviral treatment failure for measuring quality outcomes
Authors: Samaranayake A , Chen MY , McNeil J , Read TRH , Hocking JS , Bradshaw CS , Fairley CK 
Published: February 2010

ObjectivesOur aim was to compare three different definitions of treatment failure and discuss their use as quality outcome measures for a clinical service.MethodsData for treatment‐naïve patients who attended the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2008 were analysed. Definition 1 was the strict Food and Drug Administration (FDA) definition of treatment failure as determined using the time to loss of virological response (TLOVR) algorithm. Definition 2 defined treatment failure as occurring in those whose viral load never fell to <400 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL or who developed two consecutive viral loads ≥400 copies/mL on any treatment (switching or stopping treatment with a viral load <400 copies/mL was permitted). Definition 3 was the same as definition 2 except that individuals were also deemed to have failed if they stopped treatment for 6 months or longer.ResultsThere were 310 antiretroviral‐naïve patients who started treatment in the study period. Of these, 156 [50.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 42.1–53.3%] experienced treatment failure under definition 1, 10 (3.2%; 95% CI 1.5–5.8%) experienced treatment failure under definition 2, and 16 (4.5%; 95% CI 2.5–7.4%) experienced treatment failure under definition 3 over the 108 months of follow‐up. The probability of failing definition 1 was statistically different from the probability of failing definition 2 or 3 (P=0.01).ConclusionThere were significant differences in treatment failure for the three definitions. If definition 1 were used, the outcomes would be sufficiently common to enable clinics to be compared but would be less meaningful. If definition 2 or 3 were used, the events would be too rare to enable clinics to be compared, but it would be possible to set a benchmark level of success that clinics could aim to reach.
Intravenous thrombolysis in patients with stroke attributable to small artery occlusion
Authors: Fluri F. , Hatz F. , Rutgers M. P. , Georgiadis D. , Sekoranja L. , Schwegler G. , Sarikaya H. , Weder B. , Müller F. , Lüthy R. , Arnold M. , Reichhart M. , Mattle H. P. , Tettenborn B. , Nedeltchev K. , Hungerbühler H. J. , Sztajzel R. , Baumgartner R. W. , Michel P. , Lyrer P. A. , Engelter S. T. 
Published: February 2010

Background:  Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for stroke seems to be beneficial independent of the underlying etiology. Recent observations raised concern that IVT might cause harm in patients with strokes attributable to small artery occlusion (SAO).Objective:  The safety of IVT in SAO‐patients is addressed in this study.Methods: We used the Swiss IVT databank to compare outcome and complications of IVT‐treated SAO‐patients with IVT‐treated patients with other etiologies (non‐SAO‐patients). Main outcome and complication measures were independence (modified Rankin scale ≤2) at 3 months, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and recurrent ischaemic stroke.Results:  Sixty‐five (6.2%) of 1048 IVT‐treated patients had SAO. Amongst SAO‐patients, 1.5% (1/65) patients died, compared to 11.2% (110/983) in the non‐SAO‐group (P = 0.014). SAO‐patients reached independence more often than non‐SAO‐patients (75.4% versus 58.9%; OR 2.14 (95% CI 1.20–3.81; P = 0.001). This association became insignificant after adjustment for age, gender, and stroke severity (OR 1.41 95% CI 0.713–2.788; P = 0.32). Glucose level and (to some degree) stroke severity but not age predicted 3‐month‐independence in IVT‐treated SAO‐patients. ICHs (all/symptomatic) were similar in SAO‐ (12.3%/4.6%) and non‐SAO‐patients (13.4%/5.3%; P > 0.8). Fatal ICH occurred in 3.3% of the non‐SAO‐patients but none amongst SAO‐patients. Ischaemic stroke within 3 months after IVT reoccurred in 1.5% of SAO‐patients and in 2.3% of non‐SAO‐patients (P = 0.68).Conclusion:  IVT‐treated SAO‐patients died less often and reached independence more often than IVT‐treated non‐SAO‐patients. However, the variable ‘SAO’ was a dependent rather than an independent outcome predictor. The absence of an excess in ICH indicates that IVT seems not to be harmful in SAO‐patients.
100 years ofEpilepsia: Landmark papers and their influence in neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry
Authors: Hermann Bruce 
Published: February 2010

SummaryAs part of the 2009 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Centenary Celebration, a special symposium was dedicated toEpilepsia(100 Years of Epilepsia: Landmark Papers and Their Influence). The Associate Editors were asked to identify a particularly salient and meaningful paper in their areas of expertise. From the content areas of neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry two very interesting papers were identified using quite different ascertainment techniques. One paper addressed the problem of psychosis in temporal lobe epilepsy, whereas the other represents the first paper to appear inEpilepsiapresenting quantitative assessment of cognitive status in epilepsy. These two papers are reviewed in detail and placed in historical context.
A ketogenic diet does not impair rat behavior or long‐term potentiation
Authors: Thio Liu Lin , Rensing Nicholas , Maloney Susan , Wozniak David F. , Xiong Chengjie , Yamada Kelvin A. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThe effect of the ketogenic diet on behavior and cognition is unclear. We addressed this issue in rats behaviorally and electrophysiologically. We fed postnatal day 21 rats a standard diet (SD), ketogenic diet (KD), or calorie‐restricted diet (CR) for 2–3 weeks. CR controlled for the slower weight gain experienced by KD‐fed rats. We assessed behavioral performance with a locomotor activity and a conditioned fear test. To evaluate possible parallel effects of diet on synaptic function, we examined paired‐pulse modulation (PPM) and long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the medial perforant path in vivo. KD‐fed rats performed similarly to SD‐fed rats on the behavioral tests and electrophysiologic assays. These data suggest that the KD does not alter behavioral performance or synaptic plasticity.
The dynamics of energy allocation in adult arrhenotokous and thelytokousVenturia canescens
Authors: Pelosse Perrine , Amat Isabelle , Bernstein Carlos , Desouhant Emmanuel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe ability to adjust resource allocation to the quality of the environment has broad implications for animal reproductive success. Organisms with complex life cycles that may experience various selection pressures during their lifetime are expected to evolve mechanisms to modulate the resource allocation strategies adopted during ontogeny to the conditions encountered by the adult. In the parasitoidVenturia canescensGravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), thelytoky appears to have been selected for in anthropogenic habitats, where hosts are relatively numerous and food is absent, and arrhenotoky in natural habitats where hosts are more scarce and food is present. A previous study postulated that during their juvenile stage, females of both reproductive modes adopt strategies of energy allocation in accordance with these conditions, possibly providing a direct short‐term advantage to arrhenotokous forms, which partially co‐occur with thelytokous forms under natural conditions. To test this assumption, we provided daily adult thelytokous and arrhenotokous females with a small number of hosts together with food. To compare their lifetime resource allocation strategies, we recorded wasp longevities, egg loads, and carbohydrate reserves in wasps of different ages. Our analysis indicates that thelytokous females are able, to a certain extent, to cope with these conditions, because they reached the same longevity as arrhenotokous females. Nevertheless, thelytokous females suffered from a higher degree of time limitation compared with arrhenotokous ones, and arrhenotokous wasps appeared to maintain their energetic advantage over the adult stage. These results provide new insights, and point to the consideration of other activities, such as flight performance and/or ability to reach food and hosts, in the understanding of the role of resource allocation strategies in the maintenance of sex in this species.
Minichromosome maintenance‐7 and geminin are reliable prognostic markers in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: immunohistochemical study
Authors: Tamura Takayuki , Shomori Kohei , Haruki Tomohiro , Nosaka Kanae , Hamamoto Yuki , Shiomi Tatsushi , Ryoke Kazuo , Ito Hisao 
Published: February 2010

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 328–334Background:  Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins act as the origin licensing machinery that regulates initiation of DNA replication. Geminin is a licensing repressor and prevents reinitiation of DNA replication by blocking reloading of MCM proteins at replication origins. Recent studies have proposed that MCM7 and geminin may be sensitive proliferative and prognostic markers of various malignant tumors. This study aimed to analyze the expression of MCM7 and geminin to clarify pathobiological significance in human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).Methods:  We performed immunohistochemical analysis on 10 specimens of normal oral epithelia, 50 lesions with dysplasia and 113 OSCCs. Labeling indices (LIs) for MCM7, geminin and Ki‐67 were evaluated, comparing with clinicopathological profiles.Results:  The mean LIs for MCM7 were 29.2% for normal epithelia, 32.2% for dysplasias, and 51.1% for OSCCs; the value was significantly higher in the last than in the former two (P < 0.01). The mean LIs for geminin were 6.8% for normal epithelia, 9.2% for dysplasias, and 21.3% for OSCCs; the value was significantly higher in the OSCCs (P < 0.01). The MCM7 LIs were correlated with the histological grade of OSCCs, in which the highest LIs were noted in the poorly differentiated type (P < 0.01). The survival rate was significantly lower in patients with a higher MCM7 LI (>49.5%) than in those with a lower LI (P < 0.05) at stage III‐IV. However, the survival rate in the patients with a higher geminin LI (>19.5%) was significantly higher than in those with a lower LI (P < 0.05) at stage IV.
Tooth agenesis patterns in bilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Bartzela Theodosia N. , Carels Carine E.L. , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Rønning Elisabeth , Rizell Sara , Kuijpers‐Jagtman Anne Marie 
Published: February 2010

Bartzela TN, Carels CEL, Bronkhorst EM, Rønning E, Rizell S, Kuijpers‐Jagtman AM. Tooth agenesis patterns in bilateral cleft lip and palate. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 47–52. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation© 2010 Eur J Oral SciIndividuals with cleft lip and palate present significantly more dental anomalies, even outside the cleft area, than do individuals without clefts. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of tooth agenesis and patterns of hypodontia in a large sample of patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Serial panoramic radiographs (the first radiograph was taken at 10.5–13.5 yr of age) of 240 patients with BCLP (172 male patients, 68 female patients) were examined. Third molars were not included in the evaluation. Agenesis of at least one tooth was present in 59.8% of patients. Upper laterals and upper and lower second premolars were missing most frequently. Using the tooth agenesis code (TAC), 52 different agenesis patterns were identified, of which simultaneous agenesis of 12, 22, 15, 25, 35, and 45 was the most frequent pattern. Nine of the 240 patients showed combined BCLP and oligodontia.
Finite element and Weibull analyses to estimate failure risks in the ceramic endocrown and classical crown for endodontically treated maxillary premolar
Authors: Lin Chun‐Li , Chang Yen‐Hsiang , Chang Chia‐Yu , Pai Che‐An , Huang Shao‐Fu 
Published: February 2010

Lin C‐L, Chang Y‐H, Chang C‐Y, Pai C‐A, Huang S‐F. Finite element and Weibull analyses to estimate failure risks in the ceramic endocrown and classical crown for endodontically treated maxillary premolar. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 87–93. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation© 2010 Eur J Oral SciThe present study evaluated the failure risks of an endodontically treated premolar with severely damaged coronal hard tissue and restored with either a computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic endocrown or a classical crown configuration. Two, three‐dimensional finite element maxillary premolar models were designed with endodontic treatment and restored with either a chairside economic reconstruction of esthetic ceramic (CEREC) ceramic endocrown or a classical crown. The Weibull function was incorporated with finite element analysis to calculate the long‐term failure probability relative to different load conditions. Additionally, an in vitro fatigue‐load fracture experiment was performed to validate the numerical simulation results. The results indicated that the stress values on the dentin and luting cement for the endocrown restoration were lower than those for the crown configuration. Weibull analysis revealed that the individual failure probability in the endocrown dentin and luting cement diminished more than those for the crown restoration. While the overall failure probabilities for the endocrown and the classical crown were similar, fatigue fracture testing revealed that the endocrown restoration had higher fracture resistance than the classical crown configuration (1,446 vs. 1,163 MPa). This investigation implies that the endocrown can be considered as a conservative, aesthetic, and clinically feasible restorative approach for endodontically treated maxillary premolars.
Partially erupted third molars as a potential source of infection in patients receiving peripheral stem cell transplantation for malignant diseases: a retrospective study
Authors: Öhman David , Björk Yvonne , Bratel John , Kristiansson Camilla , Johansson Peter , Johansson Jan‐Erik , Brune Mats , Hasséus Bengt 
Published: February 2010

Öhman D, Björk Y, Bratel J, Kristiansson C, Johansson P, Johansson J‐E, Brune M, Hasséus B. Partially erupted third molars as a potential source of infection in patients receiving peripheral stem cell transplantation for malignant diseases: a retrospective study. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 53–58. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation© 2010 Eur J Oral SciForty‐four patients with malignant diseases for which they received peripheral stem cell transplant therapy (PSCT) were retrospectively studied regarding local and systemic infection originating from around partially erupted third molars (PEMs). Twenty‐two patients had one or more PEMs, while 22 patients had none. Data were retrieved from medical and dental records. Systemic and local signs of infection and treatment were assessed. We recorded the number of transplanted CD34+ blood stem cells, days with white blood cell counts < 0.5 × 109 l−1, days until engraftment, maximum level of C‐reactive protein (CRP), days with fever, positive blood cultures, days taking antibiotics, days drinking < 0.5 l, days of total parenteral nutrition, days receiving intravenously administered analgesics, and number of admission days. No statistically significant difference was detected between patients with PEMs and those without PEMs regarding any of the studied parameters. Of patients with PEMs, 36% (8 of 22) developed local infections around PEMs during the PSCT period. The study indicates that PEMs pose no significant risk of causing systemic infection in patients receiving PSCT for malignant diseases but increase the risk of developing a local infection, justifying close supervision and early treatment in cases of local infection during PSCT treatment.