bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc homeostatic proteins in the CNS are regulated by crosstalk between extracellular and intracellular zinc
Authors: Karol Natalya , Brodski Claude , Bibi Yuval , Kaisman Tehila , Forberg Michal , Hershfinkel Michal , Sekler Israel , Silverman William F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRelease of Zn2+ from presynaptic glutamatergic terminals has long been considered the principle challenge necessitating the existence of zinc homeostatic proteins (ZHP) in the mammalian nervous system. It is now known that neural cells also possess an intracellular zinc pool, termed here [Zn2+]i, which functions in a cell signaling context. A major challenge is characterizing the interaction of these two populations of zinc ions. To assess the relationship of this Zn2+ pool to cellular ZHP production, we employed immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis to compare the expression of ZHP's ZnT‐1 and MT‐I/II in olfactory bulb and hippocampus of wild‐type and ZnT‐3 KO mice, which lack synaptic Zn2+. In both areas, the respective distribution and concentration of ZnT‐1 and MT‐I/II were identical in ZnT‐3 KO and control animals. We subsequently examined ZHP content in ZnT‐3 KO and WT mice treated with a membrane‐permeable Zn2+ chelator. In both olfactory bulb and hippocampus of the KO mice, the ZHP content was significantly reduced 15 h after chelation of [Zn2+]i compared to WT controls. Our findings support the conclusion that ZHP expression is regulated by crosstalk between synaptic and intracellular pools of Zn2+. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 567–574, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Caffeine induces matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and MMP‐9 down‐regulation in human leukemia U937 cells via Ca2+/ROS‐mediated suppression of ERK/c‐fos pathway and activation of p38 MAPK/c‐jun pathway
Authors: Liu Wen‐Hsin , Chang Long‐Sen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCaffeine attenuated invasion of human leukemia U937 cells with characteristic of decreased protein expression and mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and MMP‐9. Down‐regulation of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in U937 cells was abrogated by abolishment of caffeine‐elicited increase in intracellular Ca2+concentration and ROS generation. Pretreatment with BAPTA‐AM (Ca2+chelator) andN‐acetylcysteine (ROS scavenger) abolished caffeine‐induced ERK inactivation and p38 MPAK activation. Moreover, caffeine treatment led to MAPK phosphatase‐1 (MKP‐1) down‐regulation and protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) up‐regulation, which were involved in cross‐talk between p38 MAPK and ERK. Transfection of constitutively active MEK1 or pretreatment with SB202190 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) restored MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 protein expression in caffeine‐treated cells. Caffeine treatment repressed ERK‐mediated c‐Fos phosphorylation but evoked p38 MAPK‐mediated c‐Jun phosphorylation. Knock‐down of c‐Fos and c‐Jun by siRNA reflected that c‐Fos counteracted the effect of c‐Jun on MMP‐2/MMP‐9 down‐regulation. Taken together, our data indicate that MMP‐2/MMP‐9 down‐regulation in caffeine‐treated U937 cells is elicited by Ca2+/ROS‐mediated suppression of ERK/c‐Fos pathway and activation of p38 MAPK/c‐Jun pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 775–785, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatiotemporal distribution and function of N‐cadherin in postnatal Schwann cells: A matter of adhesion?
Authors: Corell Mikael , Wicher Grzegorz , Limbach Christoph , Kilimann Manfred W. , Colman David R. , Svenningsen Åsa Fex 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDuring embryonic development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the adhesion molecule neuronal cadherin (N‐cadherin) is expressed by Schwann cell precursors and associated with axonal growth cones. N‐cadherin expression levels decrease as precursors differentiate into Schwann cells. In this study, we investigated the distribution of N‐cadherin in the developing postnatal and adult rat peripheral nervous system. N‐cadherin was found primarily in ensheathing glia throughout development, concentrated at neuron–glial or glial–glial contacts of the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and myenteric plexi. In the sciatic nerve, N‐cadherin decreases with age and progress of myelination. In adult animals, N‐cadherin was found exclusively in nonmyelinating Schwann cells. The distribution of N‐cadherin in developing E17 DRG primary cultures is similar to what was observed in vivo. Functional studies of N‐cadherin in these cultures, using the antagonist peptide INPISGQ, show a disruption of the attachment between Schwann cells, but no interference in the initial or long‐term contact between Schwann cells and axons. We suggest that N‐cadherin acts primarily in the adhesion between glial cells during postnatal development. It may form adherents/junctions between nonmyelinating glia, which contribute to the stable tubular structure encapsulating thin caliber axons and thus stabilize the nerve structure as a whole. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 and protease nexin‐1 in human astrocytes: Response to injury‐related factors
Authors: Hultman Karin , Blomstrand Fredrik , Nilsson Michael , Wilhelmsson Ulrika , Malmgren Kristina , Pekny Milos , Kousted Tina , Jern Christina , Tjärnlund‐Wolf Anna 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAstrocytes play a diverse role in central nervous system (CNS) injury. Production of the serine protease inhibitors (serpins) plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and protease nexin‐1 (PN‐1) by astrocytes may counterbalance excessive serine protease activity associated with CNS pathologies such as ischemic stroke. Knowledge regarding the regulation of these genes in the brain is limited, so the objective of the present study was to characterize the effects of injury‐related factors on serpin expression in human astrocytes. Native human astrocytes were exposed to hypoxia or cytokines, including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐10, transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α), and TGF‐β for 0–20 hr. Serpin mRNA expression and protein secretion were determined by real‐time RT‐PCR and ELISA, respectively. Localization of PAI‐1 and PN‐1 in human brain tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry. Hypoxia and all assayed cytokines induced a significant increase in PAI‐1 expression, whereas prolonged treatment with IL‐1β or TNF‐α resulted in a significant down‐regulation. The most pronounced induction of both PAI‐1 and PN‐1 was observed following early treatment with TGF‐α. In contrast to PAI‐1, the PN‐1 gene did not respond to hypoxia. Positive immunoreactivity for PAI‐1 in human brain tissue was demonstrated in reactive astrocytes within gliotic areas of temporal cortex. We show here that human astrocytes express PAI‐1 and PN‐1 and demonstrate that this astrocytic expression is regulated in a dynamic manner by injury‐related factors. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of Raman scattering by individual dielectric microspheres
Authors: Du C. L. , Kasim J. , You Y. M. , Shi D. N. , Shen Z. X. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEnhanced Raman scattering (ERS) from bulk Si and surface brilliant cresyl blue (Bcb) molecules was investigated by individual polystyrene (PS) microspheres placed on top of the samples. It is revealed that the Raman signal depends both on the microsphere size and the numerical aperture (NA) of the collection lens, and a maximum signal enhancement of ∼11‐ and 40‐fold for Si and Bcb is observed, respectively, showing strong ERS effect. The different ERS behavior was elucidated by electromagnetic simulations using the finite element method. The present work also provides information on individual dielectric sphere for applications in microscopy, spectroscopic imaging and improvement, etc. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low Ki‐67 proliferation index is an indicator of poor prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Lee Hee Eun , Kim Min A , Lee Byung Lan , Kim Woo Ho 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe designed this study to assess the biologic significance of Ki‐67 proliferation index (PI) in gastric cancer.MethodsGastric cancer tissue from 245 patients were immunostained for Ki‐67. Ki‐67 PI was defined as the percentage of tumor cells positive for Ki‐67. In addition, we have previously evaluated the expressions of nine epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related proteins. The relationship between Ki‐67 PI and clinicopathologic parameters, patient survival, and EMT data were sought.ResultsLow Ki‐67 PI was correlated with poorly differentiated histology (P = 0.034), an advanced T stage (P < 0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011). Also, the low PI group was found to have a significantly worse prognosis than the high PI group (P = 0.003, log‐rank test). Multivariate analysis revealed that Ki‐67 PI remained as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio (95% CI) = 0.670 (0.450–0.999)). Furthermore, greater expressional changes of EMT‐related proteins were found to be significantly associated with low Ki‐67 PI (P = 0.025).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Ki‐67 PI is an effective tool for predicting survival in gastric cancer. In addition, we found that an invasive property presented as EMT‐related protein expressional changes was inversely correlated with a proliferative activity in gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:201–206. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of novel gastric cancer‐associated CNVs by integrated analysis of microarray
Authors: Park Chan‐Hee , Rha Sun‐Young , Jeung Hei‐Cheul , Kang Seung‐Hui , Ki Dong‐Hyuk , Lee Won‐Suk , Noh Sung‐Hoon , Chung Hyun‐Cheol 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundMicroarray‐CGH facilitates analysis of cancer‐associated genomic differences between normal and tumor tissues and provides a genome‐wide assessment of copy number variations (CNVs).MethodsTo identify CNVs and their clinical significance in gastric cancer, Microarray‐CGH was performed to identify CNVs with genomic DNA (gDNA) from normal placenta tissue, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and normal gastric tissue.ResultsA total of 20 CNVs, including 8 novel CNVs, were identified by Microarray‐CGH. Among the 20 CNVs, 5 showed an aberration frequency of over 50%. In addition, mRNA expression of W72437 (TFIIH), AI968311 (GAGE10), AI352361, and AA169807 (PTCH1) in normal tissues and AA485362 (GPX1), AI201652, and AI968311 (GAGE10) in cancer tissues was associated with DNA change. As a whole, incidences of oncogene‐like, suppressor‐like, and innocent CNVs were 13.8%, 13.2%, and 73.0%, respectively (gain 11.4%, loss 11.8%). AA936795 (C19orf61) appeared as an oncogene‐like CNV (9/30, 30%), A1352361 (13/30, 43%), and AA281797 (LOC728340, 10/30, 33%) appeared as tumor suppressor‐related CNVs.ConclusionsThis study identified gastric cancer‐associated and innocent CNVs in gDNA isolated from placenta tissue and PBMC, which are generally used as reference samples in Microarray‐CGH. These novel CNVs may be used for gastric cancer‐specific gene selection in comparative analysis of genomics. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:454–461. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification of active bufadienolides from toad skin by preparative reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled with hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Liu Yanfang , Feng Jiatao , Xiao Yuansheng , Guo Zhimou , Zhang Jing , Xue Xingya , Ding Jin , Zhang Xiuli , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn isolation method by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled with hydrophilic interaction chromatography was successfully used to isolate and purify active bufadienolides from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor toad skin. In the first step, crude samples were run on an XTerra Prep C18 column. After screening for activity, two fractions were chosen for further purification. A Click β‐Cyclodextrin (Click‐CD) column made in our laboratory was used for the second step. Seven compounds, including four stereoisomers, were obtained at high purity. The orthogonal isolation method described here was a powerful tool for isolating bufadienolides, including stereoisomers, from a natural product. This integrated method may be useful for the discovery of novel active compounds from natural products.
Optimization of the LC enantioseparation of chiral pharmaceuticals using cellulose tris(4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenylcarbamate) as chiral selector and polar non‐aqueous mobile phases
Authors: Dossou Katina S. S. , Chiap Patrice , Chankvetadze Bezhan , Servais Anne‐Catherine , Fillet Marianne , Crommen Jacques 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe resolving power of a new commercial polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phase, Sepapak‐4, with cellulose tris(4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica microparticles as chiral selector, was evaluated toward the enantioseparation of ten basic drugs with widely different structures and hydrophobic properties, using ACN as the main component of the mobile phase. A multivariate approach (experimental design) was used to screen the factors (temperature, n‐hexane content, acidic and basic additives) likely to influence enantioresolution. Then, the optimization was performed using a face‐centered central composite design. Complete enantioseparation could be obtained for almost all tested chiral compounds, demonstrating the high chiral discrimination ability of this chiral stationary phase using polar organic mobile phases made up of ACN and containing an acidic additive (TFA or formic acid), 0.1% diethylamine and n‐hexane. These results clearly illustrate the key role of the nature of the acidic additive in the mobile phase.
Powerscaling of Ultrafast Lasers
Authors: Rußbüldt Peter , Mans Torsten , Hermans Martin , Hoffmann Dieter , Wortmann Dirk 
Published: April 2010

AbstractToday, ultra‐short laser pulses have found widespread applications in metrology, atomic, molecular, solid‐state, plasma and nuclear physics. Ultra‐precise machining of nearly every material is possible based on an almost non‐thermal processing. Pumping of optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers permit almost any wavelength and pulse duration. High order harmonic generation in gases provides laser like brilliance and coherence in the XUV wavelength range. This article compares fiber, thin‐disk and Innoslab ultrafast amplifiers in terms of power scalability, beam quality and efficiency.
Understanding the Laser Process
Authors: Kaierle Stefan , Ungers Michael , Franz Christoph , Mann Stefan , Abels Peter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Laser as a production tool has gained significant shares in industrial applications today. Laser materials processing is therefore a well established technique, especially in applications like welding, cutting, or surface treatment – benefitting from laser typical features like high processing speed, low heat input into the material, and precise manufacturing technique of high quality. Hence, it is essential to know the quality state of manufactured products. For many application areas this is also formalized through ISO 9000 and other by law enforced regulations. Thus applied quality control is an essential tool in modern manufacturing and necessary in order to keep production results in deterministic boundaries.
Laser Polishing in Medical Engineering
Authors: Temmler André , Graichen Kurt , Donath Johannes 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCardiac surgery has made significant progress during the last 50 years. nowadays, almost every congenital or contracted dysfunction of the heart can be treated clinically or at least the etiopathology can be alleviated. During these years, implantable Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) have proven to be an effective and reliable medical product. In particular, the survival rate of patients with cardiac insufficiency has risen due to these devices. This type of heart‐assist device is implanted either to bridge the time until cardiac transplantation or recovery has occurred, or for permanent implantation in the patient's body.Berlin Heart GmbH produces the clinically tested axial pump system INCOR® (Figure 1, above). The INCOR heart‐as‐sisting pump is a powerful implantable LVAD which has been used in more than 500 clinical applications. The main function of the axial pump is to unload the patient's heart by transporting blood from the left ventricle to the aorta. In order to assure high reliability of the pump's operation, the components used for blood transport have to be highly bio‐ and hemocompatible.
Asymptotic behaviour of a two‐dimensional differential system with non‐constant delay
Authors: Kalas Josef 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe asymptotic behaviour and stability properties are studied for a real two‐dimensional system x′(t) = A(t)x (t) + B(t)x (θ (t)) + h (t, x (t), x (θ (t))), with a nonconstant delay t ‐ θ (t) ≥ 0. It is supposed that A,B and h are matrix functions and a vector function, respectively. The method of investigation is based on the transformation of the considered real system to one equation with complex‐valued coefficients. Stability and asymptotic properties of this equation are studied by means of a suitable Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional. The results generalize the great part of the results of J. Kalas and L. Baráková [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 269, No. 1, 278–300 (2002)] for two‐dimensional systems with a constant delay (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Clinical evaluation of the short‐form pediatric enuresis module to assess quality of life
Authors: Bachmann Christian , Ackmann Conny , Janhsen Ellen , Steuber Christian , Bachmann Hannsjörg , Lehr Dirk 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the German version of the Pediatric Enuresis Module to assess Quality of Life, Short Form (PEMQOL‐SF) in a sample of parents of children with urinary incontinence.MethodsThe parents of 88 children (63 male, 25 female, mean age: 9.3 [SD ± 2.5, range 6–18] years) with urinary incontinence were asked to complete the PEMQOL‐SF. For evaluation of convergence validity, parents and children completed the respective versions of the DCGM‐10 and the PinQ questionnaire.ResultsMean PEMQOL‐SF scores were 72.2 [SD ± 14.1] (child impact scale) and 73.7 [SD ± 16.5] (family impact scale). The PEMQOL‐SF had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.68 (child impact scale) and 0.80 (family impact scale), respectively. PEMQOL‐SF child [family] impact scale scores correlated with the DCGM‐10 with scores of r = 0.34 (r = 0.13; self‐report version) and r = 0.63 (r = 0.48; proxy version) and with the PinQ with scores of r = −0.31 (r = −0.16; self‐report version) and r = −0.63 (r = −0.54; proxy version), respectively.ConclusionsThe psychometric properties of the PEMQOL‐SF were good for the family impact scale, but poor for the child impact scale. In its present form, the PEMQOL‐SF cannot be recommended for routine clinical use. Nevertheless, a reduction of questionnaire items could lead to better psychometric properties. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1397–1402, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of tumor cell burden by analysis of single cell lymph node disaggregates in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Schilling David , Hennenlotter Joerg , Sotlar Karl , Kuehs Ursula , Senger Erika , Nagele Udo , Boekeler Ulf , Ulmer Anja , Stenzl Arnulf 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe size of lymph node (LN) metastases in prostate cancer patients represents an important prognosticator, but histological work‐up may not reflect the true extent of tumor invasion. We present a novel technique (1) to detect early tumor cell dissemination and (2) to quantify the true tumor burden.METHODSProspectively 232 LN of 20 consecutive patients with prostate cancer after lymph node dissection were longitudinally bisected, one half was subjected to single cell immunocytochemistry for pancytokeratine (CK), the other half underwent routine histopathological work‐up and step section analysis. In immunocytochemistry, tumor cell density (TCD) was quantified by calculating the number of CK‐positive cells/million leucocytes and compared to routine histopathology and step section analysis.RESULTSEight of 20 patients were positive in histopathology and step sectioning, but 14 of 20 patients were positive in single cell analysis. Twenty‐five of 232 LN were positive in routine histopathology, whereas 52 of 232 LN were positive in single cell analysis. Median TCD in histopathologically positive LN was 3060.0 × 10−6 and 9.9 × 10−6 in histopathologically negative LN (P < 0.0001). Mean TCD of histopathologically negative LN of pN1 patients was significantly higher than the mean TCD of pN0 patients (P < 0.003). Mean TCD per patient correlated with serum‐PSA (r2 = 0.48, P < 0.006).CONCLUSIONSSingle cell analysis has an increased detection rate compared to routine histopathology and even to serial step section analysis. The method can detect early tumor dissemination and enables quantification of the tumor burden. The subgroup of histopathologically negative LN with CK‐positive cells represents tumor cell dissemination not depicted histologically. Prostate 70: 1110–1118, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting tumor metabolism with 2‐deoxyglucose in patients with castrate‐resistant prostate cancer and advanced malignancies
Authors: Stein Mark , Lin Hongxia , Jeyamohan Chandrika , Dvorzhinski Dmitri , Gounder Murugesan , Bray Kevin , Eddy Simantini , Goodin Susan , White Eileen , DiPaola Robert S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDA profound difference between cancer and normal tissues is the preferential utilization of glycolysis by cancer cells. To translate this paradigm in the clinic, we completed a phase I study of 2‐deoxyglucose (2DG), and assessed 2DG uptake with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and the autophagy substrate p62 as a marker of 2DG resistance.METHODSPatients received 2DG orally on days 1–14 of a 21‐day cycle in cohorts of three in a dose‐escalating manner. Correlative assessments included PET scans at baseline and day 2 and p62 protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a potential marker of 2DG resistance.RESULTSThe dose of 45 mg/kg was defined as the recommended phase II dose, secondary to dose‐limiting toxicity of grade 3 asymptomatic QTc prolongation at a dose of 60 mg/kg. PK evaluation of 2DG revealed linear pharmacokinetics with Cmax 45 µg/ml (277 µM), 73.7 µg/ml (449 µM), and 122 µg/ml (744 µM) in dose levels 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg, respectively. Five of eight patients assessed with FDG‐PET scanning demonstrated decreased FDG uptake by day 2 of therapy, suggesting competition of 2DG with FDG. Five of six patients assessed for p62 had a decrease in p62 at 24 hr.CONCLUSIONSThese data support the safety of 2DG, defined 2DG PK, demonstrated the effect of 2DG on FDG‐PET imaging, and demonstrated the feasibility of assessment of p62 as an autophagic resistance marker. These data support future studies of 2DG alone or in combination with approaches to abrogate autophagy. Prostate 70: 1388–1394, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.