bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oliguria as predictive biomarker of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients
Authors: Prowle John R , Liu Yan-Lun , Licari Elisa , Bagshaw Sean M , Egi Moritoki , Haase Michael , Haase-Fielitz Anja , Kellum John A , Cruz Dinna , Ronco Claudio , Tsutsui Kenji , Uchino Shigehiko , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Introduction
During critical illness, oliguria is often used as a biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, its relationship with the subsequent development of AKI has not been prospectively evaluated.

Methods
We documented urine output and daily serum creatinine concentration in patients admitted for more than 24 hours in seven intensive care units (ICUs) from six countries over a period of two to four weeks. Oliguria was defined by a urine output < 0.5 ml/kg/hr. Data were collected until the occurrence of creatinine-defined AKI (AKI-Cr), designated by RIFLE-Injury class or greater using creatinine criteria (RIFLE-I[Cr]), or until ICU discharge. Episodes of oliguria were classified by longest duration of consecutive oliguria during each day were correlated with new AKI-Cr the next day, examining cut-offs for oliguria of greater than 1,2,3,4,5,6, or 12 hr duration,

Results
We studied 239 patients during 723 days. Overall, 32 patients had AKI on ICU admission, while in 23, AKI-Cr developed in ICU. Oliguria of greater than one hour was significantly associated with AKI-Cr the next day. On receiver-operator characteristic area under the curve (ROCAUC) analysis, oliguria showed fair predictive ability for AKI-Cr (ROCAUC = 0.75; CI:0.64-0.85). The presence of 4 hrs or more oliguria provided the best discrimination (sensitivity 52% (0.31-0.73%), specificity 86% (0.84-0.89%), positive likelihood ratio 3.8 (2.2-5.6), P < 0.0001) with negative predictive value of 98% (0.97-0.99). Oliguria preceding AKI-Cr was more likely to be associated with lower blood pressure, higher heart rate and use of vasopressors or inotropes and was more likely to prompt clinical intervention. However, only 30 of 487 individual episodes of oliguria preceded the new occurrence of AKI-Cr the next day.

Conclusions
Oliguria was significantly associated with the occurrence of new AKI-Cr, however oliguria occurred frequently compared to the small number of patients (~10%) developing AKI-Cr in the ICU, so that most episodes of oliguria were not followed by renal injury. Consequently, the occurrence of short periods (1-6 hr) of oliguria lacked utility in discriminating patients with incipient AKI-Cr (positive likelihood ratios of 2-4, with > 10 considered indicative of a useful screening test). However, oliguria accompanied by hemodynamic compromise or increasing vasopressor dose may represent a clinically useful trigger for other early biomarkers of renal injury.
Dendritic cells in bacteria handling in the gut
Authors: Rescigno Maria 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTDCs in the gut have specialized functions and are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis via tolerizing the microbiota and inducing immunity to pathogenic bacteria. Here, we summarize the characteristics of two major subtypes of phagocytes in the gut (CX3CR1+ and CD103+) and pDCs and analyze their possible involvement in bacterial handling.
A Sane Gospel: Radical Evangelicals, Psychology, and Pentecostal Revival in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Curtis Heather D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article examines how radical evangelicals employed psychological concepts such as sanity, temperament, and especially the subconscious as they struggled to understand and respond to the rapidly expanding pentecostal movement within their midst. By tracing the growing tensions over ecstatic spiritual experiences that emerged among Holiness and Higher Life believers during the 1880s and 1890s, this article demonstrates that differing assumptions about the importance of consciousness for the religious life presaged reactions to the pentecostal revivals of the early twentieth century. Although their proclivity for rational judgment predisposed Higher Life evangelicals to question the sanity of involuntary phenomena such as speaking in tongues, some prominent leaders within this community appealed to “mental science” in an effort to revise conventional understandings of the spiritual self and its capacities. For participants in the Christian and Missionary Alliance— an organization in which disputes over the propriety of pentecostalism were particularly contentious—notions of temperament and the subconscious articulated in the works of “new psychologists” like William James offered resources for reassessing Higher Life views of authentic spirituality in light of pentecostal revivalism. By analyzing how a particular faction within the radical evangelical movement made use of psychological theories to contend with the challenge of the revivals at Azusa and elsewhere, this article exposes some of the social divisions that exacerbated debates over the validity of pentecostal religious experiences. Exploring the complicated interactions and creative tensions that arose as Higher Life evangelicals appropriated constructs such as the subconscious in the wake of Azusa Street also shows that this influential contingent of conservative Protestants engaged with aspects of the field of psychology in dynamic and inventive ways that involved both selective borrowing and critical resistance. While there is truth in the common observation that radical evangelicals were deeply suspicious of the “new science of Psychology,” this article uncovers a more complex history that expands our understanding of the interplay among scientific discourse, the varieties of evangelical spiritual experience, and the emergence of pentecostalism in the early twentieth century.
Comparison of Digital Direct Readout Radiography with Conventional Film‐screen Radiography for the Recognition of Pneumoconiosis in Dust‐exposed Chinese Workers
Authors: Mao Ling , Laney A. Scott , Wang Mei Lin , Sun Xiwen , Zhou Shaowei , Shi Jin , Shi Haiyan 
Published: July 2011

Comparison of Digital Direct Readout Radiography with Conventional Film‐screen Radiography for the Recognition of Pneumoconiosis in Dust‐exposed Chinese Workers: Ling Mao, et al. Department of Pneumoconiosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China—ObjectivesPneumoconiosis in China remains a disease with substantial public health significance. Diagnostic standards for the pneumoconioses are based on traditional ilm‐screen radiography (FSR). However, FSR is increasingly being replaced with digital radiographic imaging, which has become the predominant technology available in Chinese clinical practice. To evaluate the applicability of digital direct readout radiography (DR) images in the recognition of pneumoconioses, we compared the profusion of small opacities and large opacities between FSR and DR radiographs.MethodsWe enrolled 161 pneumoconioses patients and 31 dust‐exposed workers during the course of the study, with FSR and DR images obtained from all participants. Each chest ilm was interpreted by ive readers using the Chinese Diagnostic Criteria classification of radiographs of pneumoconiosis, as were DR images displayed on medical‐grade computer monitors.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed when the data were analyzed by small opacity profusion subcategory except for 1/1. The overall intermodality agreement of small opacities was good, with a weighted kappa (k) of 0.77.ConclusionsDR images with soft copy display are equivalent with respect to image quality and the recognition and classification of small parenchymal lung opacities. Additionally, we observed likeness between modalities with respect to the classification of large opacities. Overall, our study indings demonstrate that in a population of Chinese workers with pneumoconiosis, direct readout digital systems are equivalent to traditional film‐screen radiography in the recognition and classification of small pneumoconiotic opacities.
Defective Glycogenesis Contributes Toward the Inability to Suppress Hepatic Glucose Production in Response to Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats
Authors: Torres Tracy P. , Fujimoto Yuka , Donahue E.P. , Printz Richard L. , Houseknecht Karen L. , Treadway Judith L. , Shiota Masakazu 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
Examine whether normalizing net hepatic glycogenesis restores endogenous glucose production and hepatic glucose phosphorylation in response to diabetic levels of plasma glucose and insulin in Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Hepatic glucose and intermediate fluxes (µmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) were measured with and without a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor (GPI) using [2-3H]glucose, [3-3H]glucose, and [U-14C]alanine in 20 h-fasted conscious ZDF and their lean littermates (ZCL) under clamp conditions designed to maintain diabetic levels of plasma glucose and insulin.

RESULTS
With infusion of GPI into ZDF (ZDF-GPI+G), compared with vehicle infused ZDF (ZDF-V), high glycogen phosphorylase a activity was decreased and low synthase I activity was increased to that of ZCL. Low net glycogenesis from plasma glucose rose to 75% of ZCL levels (4 ± 1 in ZDF-V, 18 ± 1 in ZDF-GPI+G, and 24 ± 2 in ZCL) and phosphoenolpyruvate 260% (4 ± 2 in ZDF-V, 16 ± 1 in ZDF+GPI-G, and 6 ± 2 in ZCL). High endogenous glucose production was suppressed with GPI infusion but not to that of ZCL (46 ± 4 in ZDF-V, 18 ± 4 in ZDF-GPI+G, and −8 ± 3 in ZCL). This was accompanied by reduction of the higher glucose-6-phosphatase flux (75 ± 4 in ZDF-V, 41 ± 4 in ZDF-GPI+G, and 86 ± 12 in ZCL) and no change in low glucose phosphorylation or total gluconeogenesis.

CONCLUSIONS
In the presence of hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia in ZDF, reduced glycogenic flux partially contributes to a lack of suppression of hepatic glucose production by failing to redirect glucose-6-phosphate flux from production of glucose to glycogen but is not responsible for a lower rate of glucose phosphorylation.
Total Soluble and Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products as Predictive Biomarkers of Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Colhoun Helen M. , Betteridge D. John , Durrington Paul , Hitman Graham , Neil Andrew , Livingstone Shona , Charlton-Menys Valentine , Bao Weihang , DeMicco David A. , Preston Gregory M. , Deshmukh Harshal , Tan Kathryn , Fuller John H. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
Circulating levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) likely comprise both a secreted isoform (esRAGE) and wild-type RAGE cleaved from the cell membrane. Both sRAGE and esRAGE have been proposed as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but prospective data are limited. We examined the relationship of sRAGE and esRAGE to incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in type 2 diabetic patients followed for 3.9 years in a trial of atorvastatin: the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used a nested case-control design sampling all incident cases of CVD with available plasma and randomly selecting three control subjects, who were free of CVD throughout follow-up, per case. Analysis was by Cox regression with adjustment for treatment allocation and relevant covariates.

RESULTS
sRAGE and esRAGE were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.88) and were both higher in those with lower BMI (P &lt; 0.001), higher adiponectin (P &lt; 0.001), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.009), and white ethnicity (P &lt; 0.001). Both sRAGE and esRAGE were associated with incident CHD events, independently of treatment allocation and the above factors; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.74 (95% CI 1.25–2.41; P = 0.002) for a doubling of the sRAGE level; HR = 1.45 (1.11–1.89; P = 0.006) for a doubling of the esRAGE level. There was no significant association with stroke; HR for sRAGE = 0.66 (0.38–1.14). Atorvastatin, 10 mg daily, did not alter sRAGE.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher levels of sRAGE and esRAGE are associated with incident CHD but not stroke in type 2 diabetes.
Nepali Samacharka bhasamshama "Jatil Bakyamsha" ak Adhyaan
Authors: Dhungana Yadav Prasad 
Published: July 2011

Not available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5128Key words: Nepali samachar; Bhashagat trutiJournal of the Institute of Engineering Vol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011 Page: 311-314 Uploaded Date: 20 July, 2011
Les citernes monumentales de Bararus (Henchir Rougga) en Byzacène
Authors: Hallier Gilbert 
Published: July 2011

The remains of the site of Bararus, in the steppe of Proconsularis, have been preserved thanks to the survival, between El Jem and the sebkha to the southeast of the former, of an underground complex with two monumental circular water tanks, connected by adjoining galleries and supplied by a deepest well.
A network of groined vaulting, sustained by twenty-one pillars, covers the head receptacle and measures forty punie cubits in diameter on the inside ; the greater reservoir, eighty cubits in diameter, is partitioned into nine barrel-vaulted naves. The entire complex was capable of containing 7 600 cubic metres ; the water was drawn from six pits situated around the periphery of the facility.
This hydraulic structure predates the original basilica forum built towards the end of Vespasian's reign. Indeed it may belong to the first half of P1 century A.D., in view of the fact that the porticoes of the main cistern appear to be modelled on those of the tabernae in the Forum of Julius Caesar at Rome.
La gestion optimale des finances publiques en présence de coûts d'ajustement
Authors: Loué Jean-François , Jondeau Éric 
Published: July 2011

Optimal Public Finance Management in Relation to Adjustment Costs,
by Jean-François Loué, Eric Jondeau.

Amending tax laws and changing the terms and conditions for action and public spending generate uncertainty and therefore risk in the private sector. The credibility of the government's economic policy can in fact be affected by it. The way for a government to keep to its budgetary constraints over the long term and cut down on the risks resulting from changes in its policy at the same time is formalized.
Les enjeux économiques du contrôle des concentrations : un modèle simple
Authors: Maillard Didier 
Published: July 2011

Die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Kontrolle der Unternehmenszusammenschlüsse: ein einfaches Modell,
von Didier Maillard.

Im Rahmen eines Cournotschen oligopolistischen Wettbewerbs wird eine Bewertung der Unternehmenskonzentrationen versucht. Die Unternehmenszusammenschlüsse haben einen Verlust des kollektiven Wohlstandes zur Folge, wenn sie nicht mit einer Rationalisierung und mit genügend Kosteneinsparungen einhergehen. Die Anwesenheit ausländischer Konsumenten trägt dazu bei, daß die um das nationale Wohlergehen besorgten Behörden die Zusammenschlüsse eher akzeptieren.
Contribution à l'étude du déséquilibre sur le marché algérien des biens de consommation
Authors: Hamouche Salima 
Published: July 2011

Contribución al estudio del desequilibrio en el mercado argelino de los bienes de consumo,
por Salima Hamouche.

La estimación de un modelo de desequilibrio en el mercado argelino de los bienes de consumo permite verificar la existencia de una demanda excedente a partir de datos macroeconómicos. Por otra parte, la introducción de micromercados permite descartar la hipótesis de perfección del mercado agregado y, por ende, considerar la coexistencia posible de demanda y oferta excedentes. Los resultados obtenidos no permiten de manera alguna caracterizar el mercado considerado por la existencia de una demanda excedente permanente.
Erreurs de prévision ex ante et ex post
Authors: Malgrange Pierre , Mira d'Ercole Silvia 
Published: July 2011

Fehler bei Ex-ante- und Ex-post-Progaosen,
von Pierre Malgrange und Silvia Mira d'Ercole.

Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, eine Bestandsaufnahme der Ex-post-Frognosen vorzunehmen, die das Metric-Modell liefert. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob im Falle Frankreichs das gewöhnlich erhaltene Ergebnis zutrifft, dem zufolge die Ex-ante-Prognosen bei unvollkommener Kenntnis des Wertes der exogenen Variablen eine höhere Genauigkeit als dieEx-post-Progaosen aufweisen.
Le chômage en Russie après deux années d'application de la loi sur l'emploi de 1991
Authors: Sollogoub Michel 
Published: July 2011

Unemployment in Russia Two Years After Implementing the 1991 Employment Law,
by Michel Sollogoub.

This article reviews the unemployment situation in Russia after two years of applying the employment law of April 1991. It starts with a definition of the notion of an unemployed individual and goes on to desaibe the level, growth and structure of Russian unemployment from July 1991 to August 1993. The level is relatively low and the structure, which is specific to the Russian economy's transition period, shows the mismatch between supply and demand on the labour market.
Simulations de réformes de la fiscalité directe et indirecte des ménages en France
Authors: Laisney François , Mühleisen Martin , Staat Matthias , Vögele Stefan 
Published: July 2011

Simulations de réformes de la fiscalité directe et indirecte des ménages en France,
par François Laisney, Martin Mühleisen, Matthias Staat, Stefan Vögele.

Nous étudions les effets sur le bien-être des ménages français de la mise en œuvre simultanée d'une réforme de la fiscalité indirecte (différentes variantes de la première proposition d'harmonisation de la TVA faite parla Commission européenne) et d'une réforme de la fiscalité directe (différentes variantes d'une atténuation du système du "quotient familial"), effectuée à recettes fiscales constantes. Nous comparons deux approches du calibrage de la situation de référence, auxquelles sont associées deux approches de la simulation des réactions des ménages aux modifications du système fiscal. L'une de ces approches prend en compte l'existence de coûts fixes liés au travail. Pour les deux approches nous trouvons que la mise en œuvre de la proposition de la Commission maintenant inchangé le taux réduit, peut être favorable a une courte majorité des ménages étudiés (le statu quo apparaissant toutefois préférable sur la base de multiples autres critères) mais que le taux normal qui assure la constance des recettes fiscales, sort des limites imposées par la Commission. Par contre, bien que l'introduction simultanée d'une atténuation du système du quotient familial permette de ramener le taux normal dans l'intervalle désiré, et réduise ainsi le niveau des prix, la réforme jointe apparaît nettement moins désirable que celle qui ne concerne que la TVA. Ce résultat va à rencontre de l'opinion selon laquelle l'allégement fiscal lié au quotient familial n'est significatif que pour les ménages les plus aisés.
La formation des anticipations boursières
Authors: Prat Georges 
Published: July 2011

Formation of Stock Market Expectations,
by Georges Prat.

This article analyzes how "experts" (businessmen, economists and bankers) form their expected changes in the industrial share price index. Expectations are measured by the "consensus" revealed by opinion polls made by J. Livingston in June and December of each year from 1956 to 1989.
After showing that these expectations are not in line with the general rationality criteria, an analysis is made of the classic adaptive, extrapolative and regressive expectation processes (based on limited past information for the variable studied). Although each of the three basic processes is invalidated when considered separately, it is shown that approximately 40% of the expected share-price changes can be "explained" by "combining" these three processes in a LIERAM (Limited Information, Extrapolative, Regressive and Adaptive Model), whereas the figure rises to 95% for expected inflation when using the same LIERAM.
These comparative results urge an examination of the hypothesis according to which experts' expectations are determined in the context of the share evaluation model (EM), which implicitly uses an expected value for share prices. The LIERAM and EM appear to be complementary, but together are only able to "explain" half of the stock market expectations.
Le chômage d'inadéquation en France : une évaluation
Authors: Lescure Roland , L'Horty Yannick 
Published: July 2011

Eine Bewertung der Arbeitslosigkeit in Frankreich aufgrund unangemessener Qualifikation,
von Roland Lescure, Yannick L'Horty.

In diesem Artikel wird mit Hilfe des abgeleiteten Indikators des Jackman-, Layard- und Savouri-Modells (1991) das Ausmaß der Arbeitslosigkeit bewertet, die auf dem französischen Arbeitsmarkt seit 1970 durch unangemessene QuaMfikationen bedingt ist. Aus den erhaltenen Ergebnissen geht zunächst hervor, daß die alters- und geschlechtsbedingten Unterschiede eine nur geringe und abnehmende Auswirkung auf die Entstehung der strukturellen Arbeitslosigkeit haben. Des weiteren verdeutlichen sie, daß die geographische Inkongruenz ein sowohl stabiles als auch geringfügiges Niveau aufweist; denn die Problème der interregionalen Mobilität würden nur einen marginalen Teil der strukturellen Arbeitslosigkeit erklären. Aufgezeigt wird schließlich, daß die Unangemessenheit der Qualifikationen eine wesentliche Auswirkung hat, da sie in Frankreich nahezu ein Zehntel der strukturellen Arbeitslosigkeit verursachen würde.
Le temps de travail : un concept de plus en plus complexe
Authors: Guégano Yves 
Published: July 2011

Die Arbeitszeit: ein immer komplexeres Konzept,
von Yves Guégano.

Die französische Norm der 39-Stundenwoche wird durch die Verbreitung der Teilzeitarbeit in Frage gestellt und spiegelt nur unzureichend die vielfältigen Aspekte der Arbeitsdauer wider, die je nach Betrachtungszeitraum, das heißt Woche, Jahr oder Lebenszyklus, unterschiedlich bewertet wird. Wie in den anderen europäischen Ländern variiert auch in Frankreich die wöchentliche Arbeitszeit entsprechend dem Geschlecht, der abhängigen bzw. unabhängigen Beschäftigung sowie dem Tätigkeitsbereich. Die globale Untersuchung der Arbeitsdauer verliert heute urn so mehr an Relevanz, als die Arbeitszeiten eine immer geringere Regelmäßigkeit und eine immer größere Diversifizierung aufweisen und die Arbeitsplatzteilung an Vielfalt zunimmt.
La relation entre la qualité du facteur travail et son efficacité productive
Authors: Huiban Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2011

La relation entre la qualité du facteur travail et son efficacité productive,
par Jean- Pierre Huiban.

Cet article étudie la liaison entre la qualité du facteur travail et son efficacité productive, en partant d'un modèle au sein duquel une même fonction de production avec facteur travail hétérogène est estimée pour l'ensemble des secteurs industriels français. On propose ensuite de désagréger le système productif en sous-ensembles homogènes, selon le niveau d'intensité capitalistique, puis la taille moyenne des unités, et d'estimer une liaison spécifique à chacun d'entre-eux. La notion de distribution fonctionnelle des emplois est alors introduite afin d'enrichir la définition de la qualité du facteur travail. Des estimations sur données individuelles d'entreprise sont réalisées, d'abord dans un cadre inter-sectoriel puis à l'intérieur du secteur laitier. L'ensemble conclut à l'existence de formes différenciées de la liaison étudiée, au sein desquelles peut varier la contribution relative des différentes catégories d'emploi à l'efficacité productive d'ensemble.