bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to deal with corruption in transitional and developing economies
Authors: Sato Yasunobu 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose alternate dispute resolution (ADR) as a possible tool to prevent corruption.Design/methodology/approachAfter the literature reviews on theory of corruption, the Pacific Consultants International (PCI) case of the Japanese prosecution is examined as a case study of Vietnam, based on some empirical research.FindingsThe PCI executives were indicted and sentenced guilty on all counts and the Japanese Government has frozen Yen‐loan until the Vietnamese Government prosecutes the Vietnamese official.Research limitations/implicationsThis would be a tip of the iceberg. It would be difficult to find all the details of corruption at practice.Practical implicationsFor enhancing transparency in such informal practice, if it is inevitable, a special dispute processing panel should be established as a Japanese and Vietnamese joint venture as ADR.Originality/valueThis is the first major case in which the Japanese Government, which was internationally criticised for its inaction despite adopting the international anti‐corruption regime, took action against the Japanese official development assistance‐related bribing case in Ho Chi Minh City.
“Mind the gap”, progress towards developing anti‐fraud culture strategies in UK central government bodies
Authors: Button Mark , Brooks Graham 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThere is increasing guidance for public bodies on the appropriate counter fraud strategies to pursue. One area covered is anti‐fraud culture strategies. Building upon the work of the UK Government's HM Treasury, the purpose of this paper is to assess the extent and quality of anti‐fraud culture strategies in UK central government bodies.Design/methodology/approachBased upon analysis of HM Treasury survey data as well as a survey undertaken by the authors.FindingsThe paper shows that the quantitative data from HM Treasury surveys when compared to the qualitative data also drawn from the authors survey highlights significant numbers of central public bodies with limited anti‐fraud culture strategies.Research limitations/implicationsSome of the responses on screening strategies used by central government bodies varied in the detail offered in response to the authors' survey.Originality/valueProvides much greater depth to the strategies utilised by central government bodies to develop an anti‐fraud culture.
Intellectual capital and economic espionage: new crimes and new protections
Authors: Snyder Herbert , Crescenzi Anthony 
Published: July 2009

PurposeIntellectual capital's (IC's) rising value in the production of wealth has been mirrored by its increasing vulnerability to crime. Among these are the increasing frequency of cybercrime, the intangible nature of IC which facilitates theft and the lack of legal remedies for the theft of IC. Taken together, these factors have created a new environment in which IC is uniquely at risk from financial crime. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to examine the efficacy in current legal remedies and formulate suggestions for better protecting IC.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is conceptual, using frameworks drawn from legal scholarship and traditional views of law‐enforcement practice.FindingsThis paper explores the risks of crime inherent in IC and a distributed cyber environment in greater detail in order to demonstrate that traditional legal remedies are largely ineffective to protect IC property rights and that, given this policy environment and the nature of IC itself, prevention is the only reasonable means for protecting IC.Research limitations/implicationsConceptual papers offer an intrinsically different form of evidence than empirical studies. Significant public debate prior to enacting legislation and subsequent empirical testing of the paper's propositions, if enacted into legislation, are strongly encouraged.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for the development of legal protections based on guarding sensitive information at its source, rather than traditional reactive policing and legal actions after a theft has been committed.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to propose useful and concrete legal solutions that deal with the increasing importance of IC and the concomitant frequency of crimes that involve its theft.
Are labor contracts efficient to combat fraud?
Authors: Azevedo Araujo Ricardo 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to approach the issue of fraud prevention by using the theory of incentives to design a mechanism that makes employees to reveal their true type, that is, their willingness or ability to combat corruption. Based on this information, the manager may propose particular contracts for different types of employee.Design/methodology/approachThe mechanism design approach assumes that the manager or the principal is entrusted with the power of making the employees agents – to provide effort. This methodology is adapted to assess the efficiency of the labor contracts to prevent fraud.FindingsThe paper shows that the labor contracts are efficient to combat fraud when the type of the employee, measured by his/her willingness to cope with fraud prevention is known by the manager. If this worker's private information not available for the manager, then the contract is not efficient due to the problem of hidden information that leads to a moral hazard. Only a second‐best solution is attained in this case.Research limitations/implicationsThe labor contracts are subject to the problem of hidden information.Practical implicationsThis is a theoretical result that points out the importance of using labor contracts in order to stimulate workers to cope with fraud prevention.Originality/valueThe paper presents an attempt to apply an incentive theoretic approach to evaluate the efficiency of the labor contract scheme of combating fraud. Also, it reveals the fragile points of such an approach and how to overcome them.
Prosecuting extortion victims
Authors: Ferrer Montse 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of USA Executive Order 13224, one of the most important US counter‐terrorist finance measures, on corporations operating in countries with designated terrorist organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe effects of Executive Order 13224 are focused on the case of Chiquita Brands International, a major US banana‐exporting corporation that operated in Uraba, Colombia until 2004. The US Government prosecuted Chiquita for “engaging in transactions” with an illicit, Colombian paramilitary group considered by the US a Foreign Terrorist Organization and as a specially‐designated global terrorist. This paper presents the duress defense that Chiquita could have raised at trial under US federal law.FindingsExecutive Order 13224 was drafted hastily and under pressure leading to over‐inclusive language and over‐broad implementation. Chiquita's case suggests that Executive Order 13224, drafted with the intention of reducing terrorist funding, has made it possible for an extortion victim to be prosecuted for payments it has not chosen to make. This paper will suggest narrowly tailoring the language of Executive Order 13224 or providing an exculpatory provision.Research limitations/implicationsCounter‐terrorist finance measure Executive Order 13224 has not been sufficiently examined by scholars. Research on this topic should go hand in hand with enquiry into possible defenses for corporations operating in countries with designated terrorist organizations and having to make extortion payments.Practical implicationsSuggestions are put forward for corporations operating in countries with designated terrorist organizations as well as for drafters of counter‐finance terrorist measures.Originality/valueAlthough the designation of terrorist organizations under the executive order has been discussed, few scholars have addressed cases of over‐broad application of the executive order. The unexamined case of Chiquita is a unique case in that the extortion victim, and not the extortion perpetrator, is prosecuted. Also, Chiquita was prosecuted for an activity (making extortion payments to the Autodefensas Unidas Campesinas that became a crime after Chiquita began its engagement with such an activity. Furthermore, examining this case thoroughly is important because it has repercussions on at least two public policy levels: the US' War on terrorism and the rights and remedies of corporations investing in countries with designated terrorist organizations.
Knowledge flows in international business: a JIBS citation analysis
Authors: Yeheskel Orly , Shenkar Oded 
Published: July 2009

PurposeAs an interdisciplinary, integrative field, international business exchanges knowledge with other academic areas. The inflow of theories, models, constructs and empirical findings infuses the field's theoretical and methodological base, while outflow represents impact on other academic areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the knowledge flows into and from international business, using journal citation counts as the primary indicator.Design/methodology/approachFollowing Salancik, the paper opted to use an index of structural influence over the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) impact factor, focusing on the sub‐area of management. It analyzed cross‐citations between the Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS) and a group of the leading management journals over a 13‐year period.FindingsUsing cross citations method, JIBS was found to be a net importer, especially from strategy; however in the most recent period the journal has become a net knowledge exporter.Research limitations/implicationsThe present analysis confirms that international business is at a crossroads. While its outflow level can be explained in a narrow domain and its high import level can be interpreted to be the result of a more open market than that of its competitors, the fact that its largest deficit is with a competing area that is itself integrative is not encouraging.Originality/valueImplications for the network location of the field, its content, impact and competitive position are outlined in this paper. Suggestions for the future direction and development of international business are drawn.
Reflection on knowledge transfer methodologies in Eastern/Western European co‐operations
Authors: Sánchez Bengoa Dolores , Rüdiger Kaufmann Hans , Orange Graham 
Published: July 2009

PurposeIn order to win the global race for innovation as a source for competitive advantage, many companies enter into any kind of business co‐operation. Beyond intending to grow merely quantitatively, co‐operation partners should target to commonly create new knowledge and to transfer knowledge as a basis for qualitative growth. This apparent deficiency of practitioners is compounded by a lack of theory and empirical research on intercultural knowledge transfer. This task becomes even more daunting, when co‐operation partners transcend borders, and the knowledge transfer process becomes impacted by national cultures. This paper aims to present empirical research that illuminates the effects which national cultures have on the transfer of knowledge between Central/Eastern Europe (CEE) using Russia as a case study, and Western European partners.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies a phenomenological approach applying grounded theory for data generation and analysis. The research method is a case study, and as research techniques 11 interviews with senior Russian managers and academics were conducted and three participant observation events in Russian settings were chosen. The researchers applied a fundamental shift from a mere comparative study of cultural differences to the study of interactions.FindingsThis stage of the research presents a reflection on Eastern perceptions on Western knowledge transfer methodologies related mainly to the content of the knowledge as well as the attitudes when transferring knowledge. In addition, a self‐reflection on the characteristics of the Russian knowledge receivers is provided.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of this research refer to a lack of differentiation as to ownership, type of co‐operation, company size or industry type. It has to be underlined that the focus of the research was to concentrate on the holistic problems that were not sufficiently addressed in previous research. On this basis more specific and differentiated further research can be conducted.Originality/valueThis research aimed to develop an understanding of why Eastern and Western European partners experience different barriers when transferring and receiving knowledge and provides recommendations to overcome the barriers. It facilitates an understanding of the feelings and obstacles in the learning process between Russian and Western European partners serving as a reflective and eye‐opening starting point for urgently required theory generation and change of attitudes. The paper contributes to the development of a coherent body of knowledge in the field. Contemporary authors criticise the lack of research on a dyadic level and theory on intercultural knowledge transfer. This research addresses these shortcomings by having selected respondents that are currently involved in Eastern/Western co‐operations and by comparing Eastern and Western perspectives at a later research stage.
Ethics, social responsibility and business performance in a transition economy
Authors: Grbac Bruno , Lončarić Dina 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore the perceived role of ethics and social responsibility in achieving the organisational effectiveness among managers in transition economy, the impact of demographic characteristics of managers on it, and the relationship between managers' attitudes towards the role of ethics in business and the firm's performance.Design/methodology/approachThe research was been done by a survey method based on a sample of managers from the most successful Croatian firms. In order to establish the attitudes of Croatian managers on social responsibility, the PRESOR scale was used.FindingsIt has been established that among Croatian managers a positive attitude on the importance of ethics and social responsibility for the firm's success prevails. Except for the age, the connection between other individual variables and the perception of the role of ethics and social responsibility in doing business was not established. A positive correlation between the perception of the role of ethics and social responsibility in doing business, profit and work productivity has been discovered.Practical implicationsThe research results show, to managers in transition and developed market economies, that business success, ethics and social responsibility are compatible.Originality/valueThe original PRESOR scale has been tested on the sample of managers in transition economy. Except for the marketing managers the sample includes also managers in other functions and on different organisational levels.
The international imperfect banking systems: the Israeli case
Authors: Malul Miki , Shoham Amir , Rosenboim Mosi 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe banking system has a huge impact on a nation's economic environment. A concentrated banking system has a negative impact on the economy. Therefore, the research in this paper has two main goals: to explore the main factors that impact the level of concentration in the banking system; and to demonstrate how a reform in a banking system can reduce the negative impact of high levels of concentration.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 42 nations was used with various levels of concentration in their banking system to examine factors influencing bank concentration. Logit and OLS regressions were conducted to highlight the impact of the independent variables on the level of concentration in those nations. The latest Israeli reforms in the banking system were used to illustrate how reforms reduce concentration.FindingsThe empirical results concluded that economic freedom had a positive impact on the level of concentration. It was also found that cultural variables had an impact on the concentration level. Finally, analyzing the banking sector in Israel, it was found that the reform did decrease the level of concentration of the banking system.Originality/valueThe innovation of this paper is that it adds Hofstede's cultural variables as explanatory variables for the level of concentration in the banking system. It also highlights the role of public regulation for achieving efficiency in the banking sector by using the example of Israeli banking reforms.
Brand architecture and brands portfolio: a clarification
Authors: Chailan Claude 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThis research aims to clarify the nature of the links between brand architecture and brands portfolio. Although these two themes have been the focus of significant research, the question of a link between the two concepts has not truly been asked; and yet the major role of brands raises the question of brand optimisation and balance at the core of an individual company.Design/methodology/approachAfter having clarified the two concepts by way of synthesising various works, the paper examines the similarities, differences, complementarities and oppositions between these two methods of organising and utilising brands.FindingsThis work shows that brand architecture corresponds, in its essence, to a hierarchical relationship approach between brands; whereas the brands portfolio concept corresponds to a non‐hierarchical method of organising the brands within themselves. The combination of these two approaches allows going beyond the idea of competition at the individual brand level and rather to replace that with a metadimension better suited to reconcile the needs expressed by consumers with organisational logistics and company profitability.Practical implicationsThe research may assist managers in better understanding and controlling brand regrouping because the research illustrates some benefits for a company that executes well‐coordinated multi‐brand management.Originality/valueThe discussion distinguishes clearly the concept of brand architecture from the one of brand portfolio and shows their contribution to a stronger link between marketing and strategy.
Cultural influences on motives for organic food consumption
Authors: First Ivana , Brozina Staša 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test whether differences in motives for healthy food consumption stem from differences in cultural dimensions and whether cultural dimensions could serve as predictors for health food consumption motivations.Design/methodology/approachThe study correlated secondary data on motives for healthy food consumption in a number of West European countries to cultural dimensions of those countries. In addition, primary data for prime motives of healthy food consumption were collected for Croatian consumers.FindingsInfluence of cultural dimensions was partly confirmed and that only for individualism and assertiveness, while human orientation and uncertainty avoidance showed no correlation to organic food consumption motivation. Croatian consumers display homogeneous collective awareness, i.e. they almost exclusively consider health as prime consumption motive.Research limitations/implicationsCorrelation analysis was conducted on a small data set; the units of analysis were not distributed along the whole range of independent variables (cultural dimensions), coding of motives might be too robust. Future research should better tackle the exposed problems and also aim at discovering alternative antecedents that could improve prediction of prevailing motives.Practical implicationsBy definition cultural dimensions capture variations in consumers' motives. Because of exposed limitations, the study did not provide full evidence for the conceptual proposal (that healthy food motivation is determined by cultural dimensions). Nevertheless, the conceptual model could serve managers as an initial indicator in predicting motives for healthy food consumption.Originality/valueThis research proposes a relationship between cultural dimensions and consumer motivation, which is an under researched field.
Strategic planning for increasing profitability: the case of marina industry
Authors: Raviv Amos , Yedidia Tarba Shlomo , Weber Yaakov 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the international marina industry, encompassing both marina customers and managers. It also aims to put forth the argument that marinas as business entities can create and sustain competitive advantage by maximizing the advantages that stem from their superior resources and core competences.Design/methodology/approachTo ensure proper representation for the marina managers worldwide, questionnaires were sent to 200 managers of various marinas on five continents, in order to receive a representative sample. The questionnaires were distributed for the most part via e‐mail (where an address was available), some by fax and additional questionnaires were distributed at the international ICOMIA conference for marina managers held in Sydney, Australia. Overall, 138 marina managers replied. The statistical analysis applied in the study is a structural equations analysis, which is known in the literature as covariance structure modeling and structural equations modeling (SEM).FindingsThe correlation between government intervention and occupancy is a negative correlation, meaning that the greater government intervention, the lower occupancy rate. The correlation between crowding and occupancy is a positive one. The remaining correlations are not significant. This shows that it is not possible to claim a relationship between the occupancy index and the other variables examined: view, services, level of security/safety, environmental protection, distance from competitors, proximity to customer/city and local community.Research limitations/implicationsThe study offers a method of classifying variables according to which marinas can be characterized. Second, these criteria are placed in clusters viewed by the marina managers as being related to one another, adding structure to the process of classification, which is similar to the “conceptual map” that exists in the minds of the marina managers.Originality/valueThis research provides corroborative empirical evidence to the hypothesis that occupancy can be used as a proxy for marina's profitability. Finally, the model provides tools for strategic planning and ongoing management of an existing marina and/or for the establishing of a new marina.