bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance abuse and the impaired provider
Authors: Watkins Derek 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhysicians have a similar rate of substance abuse as the general population, though their choice of substance may tend to be different. The impact on the physician and his or her patients seriously compromises the delivery of safe and effective medical care. This article reviews our knowledge base regarding the physician with substance abuse issues and presents a methodology to assist in mitigating the risks presented to the provider and patients.
Complaints, grievances, and claims against physicians: Does tort reform make a difference?
Authors: Alexander Archie A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study reviews data available from a mediation committee (MC) for a county medical society, the Texas Medical Board (TMB), and the Texas Medical Liability Trust (TMLT) during the decade of Texas tort reform. It explores why some patients file formal complaints and grievances against their physicians. It also compares data from the TMB and TMLT to investigate how tort reform might influence their activities. Results show the majority of complaints or grievances mediated by the MC start with communication problems followed by allegations of inappropriate treatment, fees, medical records, and delays in diagnoses. Analysis of available data also suggests changes in liability rules may reduce liability claims while having little or no impact on mediated case trends or their triggers at least to one county medical society.
Diffusion tensor imaging of kidneys with respiratory triggering: Optimization of parameters to demonstrate anisotropic structures on fraction anisotropy maps
Authors: Kataoka Masako , Kido Aki , Yamamoto Akira , Nakamoto Yuji , Koyama Takashi , Isoda Hiroyoshi , Maetani Yoji , Umeoka Shigeaki , Tamai Ken , Saga Tsuneo , Morisawa Nobuko , Mori Susumu , Togashi Kaori 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of kidneys with respiratory triggering, and determine the optimal imaging parameters for fraction anisotropy (FA) maps.Materials and MethodsDTI of kidneys from 16 healthy volunteers was performed using a 1.5T scanner. Five different sequences with different parameters including respiration‐triggered acquisition or multiple breath‐holding, slice thicknesses of 3 or 5 mm, and different numbers of signal averaging and b values were compared. FA and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the cortex and medulla were measured. Measurement error within the same and repeated examination was examined using within‐individual standard deviation (Sw).ResultsFAs of the renal cortex were lower than the medulla (mean value of a sequence ranging 0.148–0.224, 0.433–0.476) and the ADCs of the cortex were higher than the medulla (2.26–2.69 × 10−3 mm2/s, 1.77–2.19 × 10−3 mm2/s) in all sequences (P < 0.001). The renal cortex–medulla difference was the largest, with respiratory trigger‐ ing including a 3‐mm slice thickness, three signal averages,and a b‐value = 0, 200, or 400 s/mm2 (P < 0.001). Sw tended to be smaller in the sequence with a b‐value of 400 s/mm2.ConclusionDTI of kidneys with respiratory triggering is feasible with excellent cortex–medulla differentiation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:736–744. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concepts and controversies in nonketotic hyperglycemia‐induced hemichorea: Further evidence from susceptibility‐weighted MR imaging
Authors: Cherian Ajith , Thomas Bejoy , Baheti Neeraj N. , Chemmanam Thomas , Kesavadas Chandrasekharan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHyperglycemia‐induced hemichorea can show T1 hyperintensity of the contralateral striatum on MRI. This is thought to be due to petechial hemorrhages or gemistocytic astrocyte accumulation. This study explores the utility of susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in identifying the nature of these lesions. Three patients underwent MR imaging of the brain with SE T1, F SE T2, DWI, and SWI. T1 images showed hyperintensity predominantly involving the contralateral striatum, where mild (two cases) to moderate (one case) restricted diffusion (low apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) was detected on DWI. SWI demonstrated bilateral symmetrical hypointensities in the first two cases, suggesting age associated mineralization. In addition, increased susceptibility change (hypointensity) was also noted in the right putamen in the first and the third cases, suggesting paramagnetic mineral deposition. T1 hyperintensity may be from the protein hydration layer inside the cytoplasm of swollen gemistocytes appearing after an acute cerebral injury. These astrocytes also express metallothionein with zinc, which is thought to be the cause of asymmetric hypointensity of the posterior putamen on SWI. ADC values were thought to be useful for prognostication; however, they should be interpreted cautiously in the presence of susceptibility changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:699–703. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased levels of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α are associated with Bcl‐xL expression, tumor apoptosis, and clinical outcome in chondrosarcoma
Authors: Chen Changbao , Zhou Hua , Wei Feng , Jiang Liang , Liu Xiaoguang , Liu Zhongjun , Ma Qingjun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α is a key nuclear transcription factor that regulates the cellular response to hypoxia, and is important for solid tumor growth and survival. However, the underlying role of HIF‐1α in human chondrosarcoma has not been well characterized. This study aims to investigate the expression patterns of HIF‐1α in chondrosarcoma, and its association with clinicopathologic features, Bcl‐xL expression, apoptosis index (AI), and overall survival of patients with chondrosarcoma. Our results shown that the protein levels of HIF‐1α were increased, and the mRNA and protein levels of Bcl‐xL were also increased in SW1353 cells under hypoxic conditions. In eight patients with chondrosarcoma, increased expression of HIF‐1α and Bcl‐xL was detected in chondrosarcoma tissues compared with the paired adjacent normal tissues. Of 34 archival specimens of chondrosarcomas, 20 (58.8%) showed high HIF‐1α protein expression as compared to benign cartilage tumors. Increased HIF‐1α expression was correlated with a higher pathological grade and MSTS stage of chondrosarcoma. Moreover, HIF‐1α expression was significantly associated with Bcl‐xL expression and AI. More significantly, the survival rate of patients with HIF‐1α high tumors was significantly lower than that of patients with HIF‐1α low tumors. These findings suggest that increased HIF‐1α levels mediated up‐regulation of Bcl‐xL play a prominent role in evasion of apoptosis and tumor progression, and can be predictive for the prognosis in human chondrosarcoma. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:143–151, 2011
Beneficial effects of hyperbaric oxygen on human degenerated intervertebral disk cells via suppression of IL‐1β and p38 MAPK signal
Authors: Niu Chi‐Chien , Yuan Li‐Jen , Chen Lih‐Huei , Lin Song‐Shu , Tsai Tsung‐Ting , Liao Jen‐Chung , Lai Po‐Liang , Chen Wen‐Jer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) from degenerating disks produce catabolic and inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)‐1, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE‐2), and matrix metalloproteinaes (MMPs). An imbalance between MMPs and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) has been proposed to exist in the degenerating disk. This study evaluates the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the human degenerated NPCs. NPCs were maintained in alginate bead culture. All hyperoxic cells were exposed to 100% O2 at 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) in a hyperbaric chamber. p38 MAPK phosphorylation of the NPCs was detected using the phosphor‐kinase array kit. RNA was isolated for real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) analysis of aggrecan and type II collagen gene expression. The amounts of IL‐1β, NO, PGE‐2, MMP‐3, and TIMP‐1 in the conditioned media were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our data showed that HBO treatment decreased expression of IL‐1β, increased the gene expression of aggrecan and type II collagen, suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, decreased NO, PGE‐2, and MMP‐3, and increased TIMP‐1 expression in NPCs as compared with the atmospheric treatment. These results support the hypothesis that IL‐1β and the p38 MAPK signal may be responsible for many of the inflammatory and catabolic changes seen in the human disk degeneration, and support our proposal that HBO treatment‐induced increase of the anabolic factor (TIMP‐1)/catabolic factor (MMP‐3) ratio may provide a therapeutic approach to slow the course of intervertebral disk degeneration. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:14–19, 2011
Role of local insulin augmentation upon allograft incorporation in a rat femoral defect model
Authors: Dedania Jemin , Borzio Robert , Paglia David , Breitbart Eric A. , Mitchell Ashley , Vaidya Swaroopa , Wey Aaron , Mehta Siddhant , Benevenia Joseph , O'Connor J. Patrick , Lin Sheldon S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEach year, over one million orthopedic operations are performed which a bony defect is presence, requiring the use of further augmentation in addition to bony fixation. Application of autogenous bone graft is the standard of care to promote healing of these defects, but several determents exist in using autogenous bone graft exist including limited supply and donor site morbidity. Prior work has demonstrated that local insulin application to fracture sites promote fracture healing, but no work has been performed to date in its effects upon defect healing/allograft incorporation. The goal of this study was to examine the potential role of local insulin application upon allograft incorporation. Microradiographic, histologic, and histomorphometric analysis outcome parameters showed that local insulin significantly accelerated new bone formation. Histological comparisons using predetermined scoring systems demonstrated significantly greater healing in femora treated with insulin compared to control femora (p < 0.001). Quantitatively more bone production was also observed, specifically in areas of endosteal (p = 0.010) and defect (p = 0.041) bone in femora treated with local insulin, compared to control femora, 6 weeks after implantation. This study demonstrates the potential of local insulin as an adjunct for the treatment of segmental defect and allograft incorporation. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:92–99, 2011
Fiber ‐ and Tube ‐ Formation by Melt Infiltration of Block Copolymers into Al2O3‐Pores
Authors: Pulamagatta Bhanuprathap , Binder Wolfgang H. , Yau Eric , Gunkel Ilja , Thurn‐Albrecht Thomas , Steinhart Martin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSummary: We report on the formation of polymer nanofibers and nanotubes by melt infiltration of block copolymers (BCPs) containing poly (norbornene) blocks bearing polar and non‐polar moieties synthesized via ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) into Al2O3 porous templates. The effect of pore size of the Al2O3 template and polymer chain length on the formed structure i.e. fibers or hallow tubes is investigated. SEM analysis revealed that a smaller pore size (∼ 180 nm) of the Al2O3 template with a BCP of lower molecular weight (< 15 kg/mol) results in complete filling of the pores to yield fibers in contrast to bigger pore size (400 nm) or higher molecular weights (> 25 kg/mol) furnishing hollow tubes.
TEMPO Containing Polynorbornene Block Copolymers Prepared via ROMP and Their use as Scaffolds in Sol/Gel‐Process
Authors: Kir Onur , Hüsing Nicola , Enke Dirk , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSummary: Block copolymers (B50T30 and B21T30) containing free nitroxide‐radicals with two different chain lengths derived from the monomers (+/−) endo,exo‐bicyclo[2,2,1]‐hept‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid‐bis‐O‐tert.‐butyl ester (monomer B) and (+/−)endo,exo‐bicyclo[2,2,1]‐hept‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid‐bis‐O‐2,2,6,6‐piperidinoxyl‐ester (monomer T) were polymerized via ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The ter.‐butyl‐moiety in block B could then be hydrolyzed to obtain amphiphilic block copolymers which were used as scaffolds in subsequent sol/gel‐process. The resulting block copolymers were analyzed via small angle X‐Ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate microphase separation and the sol/gel products were analyzed by X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) to prove the formation of ordered TiO2 crystals.
Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization‐Derived Monolithic Materials: Novel Syntheses and Applications
Authors: Löber Andrea , Scheibitz Bettina , Frerich Bernhard , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSummary: Selected recent accomplishments in the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization‐based synthesis of polymeric monolithic materials are summarized. Both synthetic and applicative aspects are included.
A Facile, Controlled Synthesis of Soluble Star Polymers Containing a Sugar Residue by Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)
Authors: Otani Hisaki , Fujita Sakiko , Watanabe Yu , Fujiki Michiya , Nomura Kotohiro 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSummary: Precise syntheses of soluble star polymers containing a sugar residue could be attained by adopting sequential ring‐opening metathesis polymerizations of norbornene, 1,4,4a,5,8,8a‐hexahydro‐1,4,5,8‐exo‐endo‐dimethanonaphtalene, and then 1,2:3,4‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐galacto‐pyranos‐6‐O‐yl 5‐norbornene‐2‐carboxylate using Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(N‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3)(OtBu)2. The resultant polymers possessed uniform molecular weight distributions, and the Mn values could be varied by the monomer/Mo molar ratios; their spherical images were observed in the TEM micrographs.
Homobimetallic Ruthenium‐Ethylene, Vinylidene, Allenylidene, and Indenylidene Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Sauvage Xavier , Borguet Yannick , Demonceau Albert , Delaude Lionel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSummary: Following the discovery of bimetallic ruthenium scaffold (1), two new homobimetallic ruthenium‐N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes (2,3) were synthesized and found highly suitable for promoting ROMP, RCM, and CM reactions. Results from this study indicated that the ethylene ligand was highly labile and that adding a small amount of a terminal alkyne to the reaction media had a beneficial influence on the metathetical activity. These observations prompted us to further investigate the role of the alkyne co‐catalyst. Thus, homobimetallic ruthenium‐arene complexes bearing vinylidene (4,5), allenylidene (6), and indenylidene (7) ligands were prepared from complex 1 and propargyl alcohol derivatives. Their catalytic activities were probed in several types of olefin metathesis reactions, and they were found valuable intermediates for the safe and efficient one‐pot synthesis of the Hoveya–Grubbs isopropoxybenzylidene catalyst (8).
Chemie mit CO2
Authors: Walther Dirk 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie effiziente Umwandlung von CO2 in organische Wertstoffe ist meist eine harte Nuss für die Synthese. Selektive atomökonomische Synthesen zu entwickeln, toxische Bausteine zu ersetzen, den CO2‐Ausstoß zu vermindern – das sind dabei die Anforderungen an die Chemie, die sie in unterschiedlichem Maße erfüllt .
Themenvielfalt als Ziel
Authors: Remenyi Christian 
Published: July 2010

Abstract2008 geht ChemSusChem an den Start – eine gemeinsame Zeitschrift der GDCh, der italienischen chemischen Gesellschaft und Wiley‐VCH. Die Nachrichten aus der Chemie sprachen mit Matthias Beller, Mitglied des Editorial Boards der ChemSusChem, über Ziele und Perspektiven des neuen Journals.
Uranchemie zwischen Phobie und Begeisterung
Authors: Meyer Karsten , Hauser Christina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNegative Assoziationen schüren die Unsicherheit und Angst im Umgang mit dem Element Uran – selbst bei Wissenschaftlern. Die ungewöhnlichen Bindungseigenschaften der f‐Orbitale und die spannende Koordinationschemie des Uranions lassen jedoch hoffen, dass es zu einer Belebung dieser begeisternden Forschung kommt.
So schafft Wissen Werte
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWie lässt sich die Kluft zwischen Akademia und Industrie überbrücken? Experten forderten auf dem Bioriver‐Kongress in Düsseldorf, in der Grundlagenforschung unternehmerischer zu denken und Wissen wirtschaftlicher zu nutzen.
Auf eigene Rechnung
Authors: Arnold Claudia , Kraft Roswitha 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNach landläufiger Vorstellung betreibt ein selbstständiger Chemiker ein kleines Analysenlabor. Doch viele Chemiker gründen ihre Existenz auch auf Gebieten, die mit Laborarbeit nichts zu tun haben. Wie viele selbstständige Chemiker es gibt, womit verdienen sie ihr Geld und was hat sie dazu bewogen, diese Laufbahn einzuschlagen?
Correlation of pretilt angles and surface chemical structures of polyimide alignment films after direct fluorination
Authors: Wang Xu , Chen, Shengliang , Yang Yijun , Chen Yi , Li Ming , Liu Xiangyang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of polyimides (PIs) with side chains were fabricated from 6‐(4‐phenylphenoxy)hexyl‐3,5‐diaminobenzoate of various ratios with 4,4′‐oxydianiline and 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride. After PI alignment, films were directly fluorinated using a 10 vol% fluorine/nitrogen mix. The pretilt angle of liquid crystals on the PI films is much improved to more than 20°, and can be continuously controlled by changing the side‐chain content of the PI films from 20 to 100%. The change of the pretilt angles is ascribed to the fluorinated microstructure of molecules at the surface rather than to the surface energy or surface morphology. Moreover, the improvement of rigidity and the steric repulsion of the fluorinated side chains result in an upright conformation of the side chains that leads to the high pretilt angle. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Divalent metal‐ion distribution around linear polyelectrolyte chains by continuous diafiltration: comparison of counterion condensation cell models
Authors: Palencia Manuel S , Rivas Bernabé L , Pereira Eduardo D 
Published: July 2010

AbstractConcepts proposed in the two‐state model (Manning), two‐zone model (Deshkovski–Obukhov–Rubinstein) and extensions of these models based on Donnan equilibria around polyelectrolyte phases (Marinsky) were compared and discussed in terms of retention data obtained by continuous diafiltration of various linear polyelectrolyte solutions that were in contact with copper and cadmium salt solutions at pH = 6.0. Concentration and retention profiles were investigated and the metal‐ion retention values of the polymers (Rp) were compared with the respective values calculated using the theoretical assumptions of the models. An adequate connection was not observed between the two‐state model and diafiltration experiments when a null interaction between states 1 and 2 was assumed. If a Donnan equilibrium between states 1 and 2 was assumed, the metal‐ion fraction in state 1 was smaller than the Rp values obtained from the retention profiles for all systems. In contrast, a good correspondence between Rp values and the two‐zone model combined with Donnan's equilibrium was obtained by adding the weakly bound fraction of counterions around the polyelectrolyte chains. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Madin–Darby canine kidney cells are increased in aerobic glycolysis when cultured on flat and stiff collagen‐coated surfaces rather than in physiological 3‐D cultures
Authors: Pampaloni Francesco , Stelzer Ernst H. K. , Leicht Stefan , Marcello Marco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe investigate the influence of the dimensionality and the biochemistry of the culture system on the cellular functionality by analyzing the protein expression levels in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown in 3‐D and 2‐D substrates. We cultured MDCK cells on a hard and flat 2‐D uncoated plastic surface, on a 2‐D collagen‐coated plastic surface and in 3‐D collagen gel and employed 2‐D gel electrophoresis, MALDI‐TOF‐MS, and LC‐MS/MS analysis to identify the differentially regulated proteins. We found significant differences in the expression of antioxidant proteins, actin‐binding proteins, glycolytic enzymes, and heat‐shock proteins/chaperons among the three types of cultures. While MDCK cells cultured in 3‐D collagen up‐regulate antioxidant proteins and proteins involved in the dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, 2‐D collagen‐coated plastic surfaces induce the up‐regulation of glycolytic enzymes. Our data shows that the culture conditions have profound effects on the physiology of the cell. Culture in 3‐D collagen induces a differentiated polarized phenotype. In contrast, collagen‐coated 2‐D substrates favor a tumor‐like phenotype with increased glycolysis. Thus, the suitability of 2‐D cultures to study the physiological behavior of cells, especially in drug discovery, bioprocessing, and toxicology, should be carefully reconsidered.
Efficient assessment of the most important symptoms in advanced prostate cancer: the NCCN/FACT‐P Symptom Index
Authors: Victorson David E. , Beaumont Jennifer L. , Rosenbloom Sarah K. , Shevrin Daniel , Cella David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground: Owing to the spectrum of symptoms, side effects, and concerns in clinically advanced prostate cancer (PC), effective symptom assessment is imperative. In line with recent regulatory guidance on the development of patient‐reported outcomes, we undertook a multistep/multistudy approach to develop and test a new symptom index (NCCN FACT‐Prostate Symptom Index‐17 that can be used to examine the effectiveness of noncurative treatments in advanced PC.Methods: This included significant input from two waves of expert medical providers (n=66 and 11, respectively) and two waves of patient engagement and testing (n=50 and 24, respectively). The resulting 17‐item symptom index for advanced PC was then divided into sets or categories based on whether the symptoms are predominantly disease or treatment related.Results: Preliminary reliability estimates suggest good internal consistency (α=0.86) and relationships with expected outside validity criteria are moderate to strong.Conclusions: This new tool may help clinicians and researchers quickly target and measure important symptoms and concerns in advanced PC, leading to increased knowledge of treatment effectiveness of noncurative therapies and improvements in the quality of patient care. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of human thioredoxin exhibits a large conformational change
Authors: Hall Gareth , Emsley Jonas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThioredoxin is an oxidoreductase, which is ubiquitously present across phyla from humans to plants and bacteria. Thioredoxin reduces a variety of substrates through active site Cys 32, which is subsequently oxidized to form the intramolecular disulphide with Cys 35. The thioredoxin fold is known to be highly stable and conformational changes in the active site loops and residues Cys 32, Cys 35 have been characterized between ligand bound and free structures. We have determined a novel 2.0 Å resolution crystal structure for a human thioredoxin, which reveals a much larger conformational change than previously characterized. The principal change involves unraveling of a helix to form an extended loop that is linked to secondary changes in further loop regions and the wider area of the active site Cys 32. This gives rise to a more open conformation and an elongated hydrophobic pocket results in place of the helix. Buried residue Cys 62 from this helix becomes exposed in the open conformation. This provides a structural basis for observations that the Cys 62 sidechain can form mixed disulphides and be modified by thiol reactive small molecules.