bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOST RESISTANCE TO THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): FREQUENCIES OF ATTACKS CONTACTING CORTICAL RESIN BLISTERS AND CANALS OF ABIES CONCOLOR
Authors: Ferrell George T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObserved and expected frequencies with which fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis) attacks contacted resin blisters or canals in the cortex of white fir (Abies concolor) stems were compared. Cortical regions of the stems were sampled by single bolts sawn from each of 24 firs which had been attacked after felling. Expected frequencies were based on mean proportions of bole surface occupied by the resin structures at attack sites on the bolt. Frequencies were compared on a per-bolt basis and results were combined for χ2 tests. Blister contact (6.5% of attacks sampled) was less than expected (14.0%). Canal contact (17.4%) exceeded the expected (8.2%). Contact frequencies varied directly with percentages of bole surface occupied by the resin structures, and the latter varied significantly among sample bolts. Among-bolt variations in the resin structures were not related to diameters, radial growth rates, or ages of the sections of stem included in the bolts, except that bolts with greater diameters and radial growth rates tended to have lower percentages of bole surface occupied by canals. Almost all beetle attacks that contacted the resin structures failed to produce larval galleries. Results indicate that unless firs are more heavily blistered or canalled than those sampled, the cortical resin system alone is apparently inadequate to protect the trees against the beetles.
STICKY PLASTIC SHEET TRAPS AS SURVEY TOOLS FOR THE EUROPEAN CHAFER (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)
Authors: Fiori B.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA perforated 4.6 m square sticky plastic sheet placed under the canopy of a tree heavily populated with European chafers, Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), consistently captured more beetles than a 15-w blacklight survey trap. The same size sheet, operating with a bird shield under a sparsely populated tree that represented conditions encountered during survey operations, demonstrated detection capability equal to that of the light trap. Bird shields prevented trapping of birds. Lawn injury beneath the sheeting due to heat build-up was not serious. Results suggest that a sticky sheet is an alternative, less expensive, equally effective survey tool for detection of European chafer infestations.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULTS OF A NEW SPECIES OF CYCLOTHYAS (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: HYDRYPHANTIDAE) FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA, WITH COMMENTS ON PHYLOGENY AND DISTRIBUTION OF MITES OF THE GENUS
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of Cyclothyas siskiyouensis n. sp., the first species of the genus reported from the Western Hemisphere, are described from female specimens collected from a small stream in Oregon, U.S.A. Members of this species differ from those of previously described species in having 3, rather than numerous, pairs of genital acetabula along outer edges of the genital flaps. A revised diagnosis of the genus Cyclothyas is presented.
A SEQUENTIAL DECISION PLAN FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Harcourt D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA sequential decision plan, based on the negative binomial distribution and providing for two infestation classes, has been derived for use in management of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rond.), in southern Ontario. It utilizes counts of the eggs in leaflets of alfalfa, and in economic situations will provide growers with sufficient lead time to consider alternative action strategies. An appraisal of the plan by field scouts showed that it rated the infestation status of the leafminer correctly in 48 of 51 cases. Sampling time averaged 25 min per scout per field.
REQUIRED SAMPLE SIZE FOR EARLY INSTAR LARVAE OF SPRUCE BUDWORM,CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Dobesberger E. J. , Lim K. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRequired sample size was determined for early instar (2nd to 4th instar) larvae of spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana(Clem.). Larval counts on mid-crown 45 cm branch tips and whole branches of balsam fir,Abies balsamea(L.) Mill., were described in terms of the negative binomial distribution. The values of commonkfor the branch tip and whole branch sample units were 1.550 and 1.636, respectively. The required sample size at densities greater than or equal to one appears feasible. It is recommended that the 45 cm branch tip be used to estimate population density of early instar larvae in Newfoundland.
DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE TO PERMETHRIN AND DICHLORVOS BY THE HOUSE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) FOLLOWING CONTINUOUS AND ALTERNATING INSECTICIDE USE ON FOUR FARMS
Authors: MacDonald R. S. , Surgeoner G. A. , Solomon K. R. , Harris C. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe rate at which adult house flies, Musca domestica L. developed resistance to permethrin and dichlorvos, in response to two spray regimes, was studied on eight farms near Guelph, Ontario during 1980 and on four of these farms during 1981. These regimes were: continuous reliance on permethrin or permethrin alternated with dichlorvos throughout the spray season. Where sanitation was comparable, resistance to permethrin developed more rapidly in fly populations from the farms on the continuous permethrin regime than on the farm in which permethrin and dichlorvos had been alternated. Resistance to dichlorvos did not decline under the continuous regime while in the alternately selected flies resistance ratios dropped from 11 to 6 after 2 years. Frequent sanitation delayed the development of resistance in a population continuously selected with permethrin. Alternation of dissimilar insecticides appeared to be a viable means of delaying resistance in the field.
EMERGENCE OF CADDISFLIES (TRICHOPTERA) FROM ERODING AND NON-ERODING SHORELINES OF SOUTHERN INDIAN LAKE, MANITOBA, CANADA
Authors: Resh Vincent H. , Rosenberg David M. , Wiens Allen P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEmerging Trichoptera were collected from the littoral zone of a newly-created reservoir, Southern Indian Lake, Manitoba, from 1977 to 1981. The relationship between caddisfly emergence and lake shoreline type, depth of sampling, and shoreline erosion rate was studied. Twenty-five species of Trichoptera were collected; six species of Polycentropodidae comprised almost 75% of the total number of individuals. Abundance and richness of Trichoptera were correlated with shoreline stability, with higher abundance and richness being found at more stable (i.e. lower erosion) shorelines. Highest numbers of Trichoptera emerged in 1981, 5 years after impoundment. Maximum abundance and richness of Trichoptera was found at 3.5 m depth, which is also the depth at which maximum deposition of organic matter occurred. Agrypnia straminea Hagen, a case-maker, dominated the trichopteran fauna at the marsh shoreline; species of net-spinning Polycentropodidae dominated at the clay shorelines. Patterns of species composition and abundance in 1982 artificial substrate collections were similar to those found in 1977–1981 emergence trap collections. Interspecific differences in Neureclipsis capture nets may explain the greater abundance of N. validus (Walker) than N. bimaculatus (L.) at a high erosion shoreline.
CORNICLE LENGTH AS A CRITERION FOR SEPARATING FIELD-COLLECTED NYMPHAL INSTARS OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Hutchison William D. , Hogg David B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCornicle length measuremetns of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) nymphs reared in the laboratory were instar-specific and unaffected by rearing temperature. A multimodal analysis of cornicle lengths of field-collected aphids clearly detected four distribution peaks (i.e., instars) in five different field populations, and there was generaaly little overlap between successive instar distributions. However, third and fourth instars in the spring field sample could not be separated accurately due to the shorter cornicle length of nymphs that developed from overwintered eggs. Cornicle length proved to be a useful criterion for separating virginoparous A. pisum instars in samples collected in southern Wisconsin.
HONEY BEES,APIS MELLIFERA(HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE), AS POLLINATORS OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY,VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, ON NEWFOUNDLAND COASTAL BARRENS
Authors: Lomond Derek , Larson David J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFlower production, fruit set, and pollinator activity were measured in two 1-year postburn blueberry fields on the coastal barrens of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Honey bees were stocked at a density of 1.7 colonies/ha in one field while the control field lacked honey bees. Bloom production was similar in the two fields but fruit set was 54% in the test compared with 39% in the control field. Native pollinator (bee) populations were similar between fields but total pollinator populations were much higher in the test field with the difference contributed by honey bees. On the coastal barrens, where native pollinator populations are low and bloom exists in abundance for a short period of time, under-pollination may limit fruit set under some conditions and thus honey bees may have value in increasing fruit yield.
INTRASPECIFIC TERTIARY PARASITOIDISM IN ASAPHES LUCENS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE), AN APHID HYPERPARASITOID
Authors: Levine Lolita , Sullivan S.J. Daniel J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUsing the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), as the host and Aphidius smithi Sharma and Subba Rao as the primary parasitoid, intraspecific tertiary parasitoidism was studied in the aphid hyperparasitoid, Asaphes lucens (Provancher). Laboratory experiments indicated that tertiary parasitoidism by a second A. lucens female on a first A. lucens is possible. Although the average success rate over 18 test-days was 16.9%, however, the day of attack by the second A. lucens female in reference to the age of the first A. lucens larva or pupa developing inside the dead aphid "mummy" was of major importance. Success by the second A. lucens in the early days averaged 27.2%, but was significantly reduced to an average of only 1% for the last 7 days. Comparisons are made with similar experiments on intraspecific tertiary parasitoidism using another aphid hyperparasitoid, Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis).
THE GENUS OETHECOCTONUS ASHMEAD IN NORTH AMERICA (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA: SCELIONIDAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Oethecoctonus of North America is revised. Three species are recognized, of which two are new to science: O. ophrynopus and O. pleuralis. O. oecanthi (Riley), the type-species of the genus, is redescribed and figured. A generic diagnosis of Oethecoctonus and key to North American species are given. The higher classification and world distribution of Oethecoctonus species are discussed.
NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON NEARCTIC SYRPHINAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF SYRPHUS AND KEYS TO NEARCTIC SPECIES OF DIDEA, EPISTROPHE S. STR., AND SYRPHUS (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)
Authors: Vockeroth J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTen new synonyms are noted in the genera Epistrophe and Syrphus. Lectotypes are designated for Didea alneti (Fallén) and for five species described in Syrphus and now referred, as valid species or as junior synonyms, to Epistrophe or Syrphus. Two new species of Syrphus, intricatus and sonorensis, are described from western North America. Keys to the Nearctic species of Didea, Epistrophe (Epistrophe), and Syrphus, and summaries of species distribution, are presented. Syrphus sexmaculatus (Zetterstedt) is recorded from North America for the first time.
SEX PHEROMONE OF THE MAPLE LEAF ROLLER CENOPIS ACERIVORANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Grant G. G. , Slessor K. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPheromone gland rinses of female maple leaf roller moths were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and found to contain (Z)-11-tetradecenal, (E)-11-tetradecenal, tetradecanal, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and tetradecyl acetate in the average ratio of 33:20:8:21:17:2 for single female analysis and 31:16:6:16:27:3 for a pooled extract of 55 females. Identity of the tetradecenals, the tetradecenyl and tetradecyl acetates was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Electroantennogram analysis indicated that (Z)-11-tetradecenal followed by (E)-11-tetradecenal were the most stimulating compounds tested. In field tests, only three components (Z)-11-tetradecenal, (E)-11-tetradecenal and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, in the microgram ratio of 65:35:10, were necessary for optimum attraction. Another tortricid moth, Archips griseus, was attracted to some of the aldehyde mixtures.
CONTACT TOXICITIES OF 12 INSECTICIDES TO LEPTOGLOSSUS CORCULUS ADULTS (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE)
Authors: Nord John C. , DeBarr Gary L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContact toxicities of 12 insecticides to adult Leptoglossus corculus (Say) were determined. All insecticides tested were moderately to highly toxic to adult females. Five insecticides—decamethrin, carbofuran, aminocarb, fenvalerate, and bioethanomethrin—were as toxic or more toxic than the standard, azinphosmethyl, at LD90. Decamethrin (LD90 =.06 μg/g body wt.) was 29 times more toxic than azinphosmethyl at LD90. Five insecticides—carbofuran, bioethanomethrin, resmethrin, azinphosmethyl, and chlorpyrifos—were tested on males also. The first three were significantly more toxic to females than males and the latter two were equally toxic to both sexes. All but two insecticides, decamethrin and bioethanomethrin, were equally toxic or more toxic to second-stage nymphs than adult females.
MONITORING THE BLUEBERRY MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS MENDAX (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), WITH PHEROCON® AM TRAPS
Authors: Wood G. W. , Crozier L. M. , Neilson W. T. A. 
Published: December 2009

The blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax Curran, is the most important insect pest of lowbush blueberries. Concern for maggot does not generally result from direct crop losses, but from its presence in harvested fruit which can affect marketability.Fortunately, the blueberry maggot is not a problem in all lowbush blueberry areas (Wood 1979), but where it does occur, producers are advised to apply one or two sprays annually. General recommendations often result in the unnecessary use of insecticides, especially in years when populations are at low levels because of natural control and management practices. Such misuse could be prevented if monitoring techniques were developed that provide information on seasonal adult prevalence.
DESCRIPTION OF LARVAE OF NEOACARUS OCCIDENTALS (ACARI: ARRENUROIDEA: NEOACARIDAE)
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of Neoacarus occidentalis Cook, the first known larval Neoacaridae, are described, and host association and distributional data for the species are provided. A provisional diagnosis for the genus Neoacarus and remarks on possible phylogenetic affinities of Neoacaridae are presented based upon new knowledge of larval morphology.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON WINTER MOTH PUPAE,OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA(LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Holliday N. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPupae of winter moth,Operophtera brumata(L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), from southwest England were subjected to nine temperature treatments in the laboratory. The pupal period of about 180 days was unaffected by changes in mean temperatures between 9.5 °C and 16.8 °C. Adult emergence was delayed at a mean temperature of 17.7 °C; no pupae survived at mean temperatures above this. These results are compared with conflicting statements in the literature about the relationship of length of the pupal period with temperature.No pupae died when exposed to temperature cycles of 20°–25 °C in the early part of the pupal period. The same temperatures near the time of adult emergence caused increased mortality. The duration of the pupal period was unaffected by exposure of pupae to 12 h (rather than diurnal) temperature cycles.
INSECT VECTORS OF THE YEAST NEMATOSPORA CORYLI IN MUSTARD, BRASSICA JUNCEA, CROPS IN SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Burgess L. , Dueck J. , McKenzie D. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEighteen piercing and sucking insects were identified as feeders on green pods of mustard crops, Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. in Saskatchewan. Of these, the false chinch bug, Nysius ericae (Shilling), Lygus spp., and the western damsel bug, Nabis alternatus Parshley, were found to carry the yeast Nematospora coryli Peglion internally. N. ericae was capable of transmitting this organism to seeds in healthy green mustard plants.
ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL GYPSY MOTH SEX PHEROMONE PRODUCTION BY SAMPLE CONCENTRATING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Ma Michael , Schnee Michael E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSample concentrating chromatography is a technique designed for trace analysis of organic compounds without the conventional concentration procedures such as nitrogen blowing or vacuum distillation. This method is uniquely suited for quantification of single insect pheromone production. Depending on temperature, gypsy moth females produced from 2.4 to 4.0 μg of sex pheromone (7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane) per day.
POPILLIA JAPONICA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE): DISTRIBUTION AND MOVEMENT OF ADULTS IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Régnière Jacques , Rabb Robert L. , Stinner R. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult Japanese beetle populations were sampled continuously during the summers of 1978 and 1979 in two agricultural stations in eastern North Carolina. Patterns in trap capture were used to develop a conceptual model of the movements of this insect in agricultural areas. A partition of land area is proposed, based on four categories of sites from the point of view of suitability to this insect's reproduction and survival: (1) intensive production sites, (2) marginal production sites, (3) migration alleys, and (4) adult feeding sites. This partition is suggested as a framework for discussion and study of the population dynamics of the insect.
MATING AND OVIPOSITION OF LABORATORY-REARED SIMULIUM VITTATUM (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Tarrant Christine , Moobola Saul , Scoles Glen , Cupp E. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOne complete generation of Simulium vittatum (Zett.) was reared in each of two trials using a Cornell automated rearing system. Insects reared from eggs oviposited in the laboratory by field-collected females constituted the parental generation. The feeding regimen used to rear the parental generations resulted in a shorter mean developmental time, larger adults, and a higher potential fecundity of females than obtained in previous rearings of S. vittatum in this system. Adults of both parental rearings mated and produced offspring with net reproductive rates of 0.048 and 0.027 for the first and second trials respectively. None of the eggs oviposited by F1 adults embryonated, due to the small number of F1 females and the low insemination rates.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF LYGUS SPP. (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON ALFALFA IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Craig C. H. 
Published: December 2009

Several species of Lygus (Hahn) that occur in Saskatchewan are serious and continuing pests of alfalfa grown for seed. They are readily controlled by any one of several insecticides, but the efficiency of this control is dependent upon knowing their seasonal development and occurrence on the crop.In the years 1976 and 1978, at three locations in Saskatchewan, populations of Lygus in alfalfa seed crops were sampled at 5- to 7-day intervals throughout the period of insect activity. In 1979 and 1980 samples of bugs were taken occasionally from the same locations, and in all years from other locations in the province. A sample consisted of 0–700 specimens collected by either a 38-cm sweepnet in not less than 25 and as many as 200 random sweeps, or a D-Vac sampler in not less than 3 m2 in spring and after harvest when sweep-sampling was not possible. Collected specimens were preserved in alcohol, sorted, and identified. Additional data, not previously published, were available from a similar mid-1950's study of Lygus seasonal occurrence in alfalfa seed crops in the Torch River district of northeastern Saskatchewan.
DOSAGE RESPONSES OF THE LARVAL INSTARS OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), TO A NATIVE NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS
Authors: Bucher G. E. , Turnock W. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe dosage–mortality relationship of a multi-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus was determined for each instar of the bertha armyworm by probit analysis of mortality following the ingestion of polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs) placed on the surface of an artificial diet. Susceptibility to infection decreased as larvae aged; the median exposure doses (LE50) increased from 18 PIBs/larva for the first larval instar (L1) to 21 × 106 PIBs/larva for half-grown L6. When given equivalent doses, the time for infected insects to die increased with the age of the larvae. Within any given instar the length of time to death shortened with increasing doses. Larvae that survived to become adults showed no signs of infection. There was no evidence that any infected individual could recover from infection. From the data presented, calculations show that maximum production, 2.90 × 109 PIBs/treated insect, is achieved by feeding 10,000–20,000 PIBs/larva to young L5. Larvae dying as L6 have about 40% of their normal dry weight of essential tissue converted to PIBs. Although this MNPV currently would not be cost effective as a spray for protecting crops from bertha armyworm damage, its potential as a biocontrol agent, applied in small amounts at an early stage in bertha armyworm outbreaks, should be evaluated.
THIODICARB AND SULPROPHOS APPLIED TO WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM,CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), WITH AN AERIAL SPRAY SIMULATOR
Authors: Richmond Charles E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThiodicarb and sulprophos were applied to western spruce budworm,Choristoneura occidentalisFreeman, which were infesting small Douglas-fir,Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco. An aerial spray simulator was used for this application at three dosages. At 105 and 160 g a.i./ha, thiodicarb reduced the number of larvae/100 buds by at least 90%. Sulprophos failed to achieve the target mortality level of 90% or better, even at the highest dosage tested—at 380 g a.i./ha sulprophos reduced the number of larvae/100 buds by 74%. Thiodicarb appears to be the better candidate for future large-scale aerial tests.
A NEW SPECIES OF PYCNOGLYPTA THOMSON (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) FROM EASTERN CANADA
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPycnoglypta aptera, a new species of omaliine staphylinid, is described and compared with the Holarctic species Pycnoglypta lurida (Gyllenhal). Scanning electron photomicrographs, line drawings, and a key are provided to distinguish the species.
TWO BILATERAL GYNANDROMORPHS IN THE CALYPTRATAE (DIPTERA): HYDROTAEA METEORICA (MUSCIDAE) AND SIPHONA HOKKAIDENSIS (TACHINIDAE)
Authors: O'hara J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo bilateral gynandromorphs, specimens of Hydrotaea meteorica (Linn.) (Muscidae) and Siphona hokkaidensis Mesnil (Tachinidae), are described and illustrated. Circumversion of male genital parts is thought to have been prevented by adjacent female genital elements. Study of essentially unrotated male genital halves of these specimens suggests that asymmetry of male sternite 6 in schizophorans results from asymmetrical development (as advocated by Emmert (1972) and Griffiths (1972)) and not as a consequence of slight rotation during circumversion (as advocated by Crampton (1942) and McAlpine (1981)). From study of genital fusion of male and female sclerites across midline, it is further suggested that sternite 6 + 7 in the above species is derived primarily from sternite 6, not from sternites 6 plus 7 as described in Calliphora vicina R.D. by Emmert (1972).