bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Redd Counts as a Measure of Bull Trout Population Size and Trend
Authors: Howell Philip J. , Sankovich Paul M. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The use of redd counts to monitor abundance and trend of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus has been clouded by uncertainties concerning measurement error, life history variation, and correspondence of redd counts to adult population size. We compared census redd counts with population estimates of mature females for a migratory fluvial population of bull trout (primarily ≥ 300 mm fork length) and for a population of small (&lt;200 mm), likely resident, bull trout. We also compared the measurement error of the experienced surveyors who conducted the redd counts to that of a group of inexperienced surveyors. Although the regression of redd counts on adult females for the migratory population was statistically significant, a large proportion of the variation in the relationship was unexplained (r 2 = 0.47). Despite that variation, redd counts accurately reflected a greater than 50% decline in the population over 10 years; however, 5-year trends in redd counts could be misleading. Power analysis parameterized by using the variation in the number of females per redd and measurement error of experienced surveyors indicated that minimum declines of 44–56% or increases of 78–118% over 10–15 years would be necessary for detection using traditional statistical criteria. Geometric mean abundance of migratory adults derived from redd counts and adults-per-redd values from the present study and published averages were similar to measured adult numbers in most cases. For both migratory and resident populations, redd counts by experienced surveyors were substantially more accurate and precise than those by inexperienced surveyors. Counts of migratory bull trout redds were more accurate and precise than counts of resident bull trout redds, which were significantly smaller and consistently underestimated. Thus, bull trout redd counts can be used to estimate abundance levels and to detect substantial longer-term changes in abundance, particularly for migratory populations. However, the reliability of the counts depends on the skill of the surveyors.
Received April 4, 2011; accepted August 8, 2011
Feeding Rate and Frequency Affect Growth of Juvenile Atlantic Spadefish
Authors: Trushenski Jesse , Rombenso Artur , Schwarz Michael H , Bowzer John , Gause Brian , Delbos Brendan , Sampaio Luis A 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber is an excellent candidate for aquaculture development, but success will depend on the identification of proper feeds and feeding regimens for this species. Accordingly, we evaluated the growth performance of juvenile Atlantic spadefish (3.60 ± 0.03 g [mean ± SE]) fed at rates of 3, 5, or 7% of body weight (BW) per day, either in a single feeding (1×) or in three equal feedings (3×). Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and feed intake were significantly affected by both feeding rate and frequency. Weight gain and the specific growth rate increased significantly with feeding rate, and growth was generally greater and more efficient in the 3× groups than in the 1× groups. Fish fed at higher feeding rates accumulated significantly more lipid within the body and had associated decreases in moisture, protein, and ash content, but carcass composition was unaffected by feeding frequency. We suggest that the growth of juvenile Atlantic spadefish can be optimized when they are fed at 5–7% BW/d in three daily feedings, with 7% BW/d yielding the greatest, albeit slightly less efficient, growth.
Nosocomial Influenza in a Pediatric Hospital: Comparison of Rates of Seasonal and Pandemic 2009 Influenza A/H1N1 Infection
Authors: Ostovar Gholamabbas Amin , Kohn Nina , Yu Karl O. A. , Nullet Susan , Rubin Lorry G. 
Published: February 2012

The rates of nosocomial seasonal (January 2008 to March 2009) and 2009 A/H1N1 (April 2009 to December 2010) influenza infections in a children's hospital were compared. Droplet precautions were used. The rates were similar during both periods, suggesting that use of droplet precautions did not result in a higher rate of influenza A/H1N1 infection.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(3):292-294
Prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals in Jacksonville, Florida
Authors: Magill Shelley S. , Hellinger Walter , Cohen Jessica , Kay Robyn , Bailey Christine , Boland Bonnie , Carey Darlene , Guzman Jessica de , Dominguez Karen , Edwards Jonathan , Goraczewski Lori , Horan Teresa , Miller Melodee , Phelps Marti , Saltford Rebecca , Seibert Jacquelyn , Smith Brenda , Starling Patricia , Viergutz Bonnie , Walsh Karla , Rathore Mobeen , Guzman Nilmarie , Fridkin Scott 
Published: February 2012

Objective.To determine healthcare-associated infection (HAI) prevalence in 9 hospitals in Jacksonville, Florida; to evaluate the performance of proxy indicators for HAIs; and to refine methodology in preparation for a multistate survey.Design.Point prevalence survey.Patients.Acute care inpatients of any age.Methods.HAIs were defined using National Healthcare Safety Network criteria. In each facility a trained primary team (PT) of infection prevention (IP) staff performed the survey on 1 day, reviewing records and collecting data on a random sample of inpatients. PTs assessed patients with one or more proxy indicators (abnormal white blood cell count, abnormal temperature, or antimicrobial therapy) for the presence of HAIs. An external IP expert team collected data from a subset of patient records reviewed by PTs to assess proxy indicator performance and PT data collection.Results.Of 851 patients surveyed by PTs, 51 had one or more HAIs (6.0%; 95% confidence interval, 4.5%–7.7%). Surgical site infections (n = 18), urinary tract infections (n = 9), pneumonia (n = 9), and bloodstream infections (n = 8) accounted for 75.8% of 58 HAIs detected by PTs. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen, causing 9 HAIs (15.5%). Antimicrobial therapy was the most sensitive proxy indicator, identifying 95.5% of patients with HAIs.Conclusions.HAI prevalence in this pilot was similar to that reported in the 1970s by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control. Antimicrobial therapy was a sensitive screening variable with which to identify those patients at higher risk for infection and reduce data collection burden. Additional work is needed on validation and feasibility to extend this methodology to a national scale.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(3):283-291
Economic Impact of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in a Large Matched Cohort
Authors: Kollef Marin H. , Hamilton Cindy W. , Ernst Frank R. 
Published: February 2012

Objective.To evaluate the economic impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) on length of stay and hospital costs.Design.Retrospective matched cohort study.Setting.Premier database of hospitals in the United States.Patients.Eligible patients were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), received mechanical ventilation for ≥2 calendar-days, and were discharged between October 1, 2008, and December 31, 2009.Methods.VAP was defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), code 997.31 and ventilation charges for ≥2 calendar-days. We matched patients with VAP to patients without VAP by propensity score on the basis of demographics, administrative data, and severity of illness. Cost was based on provider perspective and procedural cost accounting methods.Results.Of 88,689 eligible patients, 2,238 (2.5%) had VAP; the incidence rate was 1.27 per 1,000 ventilation-days. In the matched cohort, patients with VAP (n = 2,144) had longer mean durations of mechanical ventilation (21.8 vs 10.3 days), ICU stay (20.5 vs 11.6 days), and hospitalization (32.6 vs 19.5 days; all P< .0001) than patients without VAP (n = 2,144). Mean hospitalization costs were $99,598 for patients with VAP and $59,770 for patients without VAP (P< .0001), resulting in an absolute difference of $39,828. Patients with VAP had a lower in-hospital mortality rate than patients without VAP (482/2,144 [22.5%] vs 630/2,144 [29.4%]; P<.0001).Conclusions.Our findings suggest that VAP continues to occur as defined by the new specific ICD-9 code and is associated with a statistically significant resource utilization burden, which underscores the need for cost-effective interventions to minimize the occurrence of this complication.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(3):250-256
The Cross-Transmission of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Infections among Healthcare Workers and Inpatients in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Du Mingmei , Suo Jijiang , Jia Na , Xing Yubin , Xie Lijun , Liu Yunxi 
Published: February 2012

We reported 2009 H1N1 influenza infections among healthcare workers (HCWs) and inpatients and the prevention measures instituted in a large Chinese hospital. In total, 171 HCWs and 89 inpatients tested positive for H1N1. Sixteen HCWs had known hospital exposure, among whom only 7 had working-contact exposure. There was no influenza outbreak.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(3):295-298
Support for Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Requirements among US Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Maurer Jürgen , Harris Katharine M. , Black Carla L. , Euler Gary L. 
Published: February 2012

Objective.To measure support for seasonal influenza vaccination requirements among US healthcare personnel (HCP) and its associations with attitudes regarding influenza and influenza vaccination and self-reported coverage by existing vaccination requirements.Design.Between lune 1 and June 30, 2010, we surveyed a sample of US HCP (n= 1,664) recruited using an existing probability-based online research panel of participants representing the US general population as a sampling frame.Setting.General community.Participants.Eligible HCP who (1) reported having worked as medical doctors, health technologists, healthcare support staff, or other health practitioners or who (2) reported having worked in hospitals, ambulatory care facilities, long-term care facilities, or other health-related settings.Methods.We analyzed support for seasonal influenza vaccination requirements for HCP using proportion estimation and multivariable probit models.Results.A total of 57.4% (95% confidence interval, 53.3%–61.5%) of US HCP agreed that HCP should be required to be vaccinated for seasonal influenza. Support for mandatory vaccination was statistically significantly higher among HCP who were subject to employer-based influenza vaccination requirements, who considered influenza to be a serious disease, and who agreed that influenza vaccine was safe and effective.Conclusions.A majority of HCP support influenza vaccination requirements. Moreover, providing HCP with information about the safety of influenza vaccination and communicating that immunization of HCP is a patient safety issue may be important for generating staff support for influenza vaccination requirements.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2012;33(3):213-221
A randomized double‐blind crossover trial of triventricular versus biventricular pacing in heart failure
Authors: Rogers Dominic P.S. , Lambiase Pier D. , Lowe Martin D. , Chow Anthony W.C. 
Published: February 2012

AimsA significant proportion of patients implanted with biventricular (BiV) devices fail to respond. Clinical response may be improved by additional ventricular stimulation sites. This single‐centre, double‐blinded randomized crossover trial aimed to determine whether long‐term multisite ventricular pacing is superior to conventional BiV pacing in heart failure patients.Methods and resultsA total of 43 patients referred for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) underwent transvenous implantation of a triventricular (TriV) device. Pacing leads were positioned in the right ventricular (RV) apex and a lateral coronary sinus (CS) branch, with a third ventricular lead implanted in a further lateral CS branch in 23 patients (group A) and on the high RV septum in 20 patients (group B). Devices were programmed in a randomized order to four pre‐determined pacing configurations: conventional BiV, TriV, and dual‐site and single‐site left bentricular (LV) or RV pacing for 3‐month periods with clinical and echo assessment at the end of each period. The primary endpoint was the comparison of 6 min walk distance (6MW) after 3 months of BiV vs. TriV pacing; secondary endpoints were Minnesota Living With Heart Failure (MLWHF) scores, and LV dimensions and function. The 12‐month follow‐up period was completed by 37 patients. Compared with BiV pacing, TriV pacing resulted in significant improvements in 6MW (451 ± 112 m vs. 425 ± 119 m, P = 0.008), MLWHF (32 ± 19 vs. 38 ± 24, P = 0.036), LV end‐systolic volume (158 ± 79mL vs. 168 ± 76 mL, P < 0.05), and ejection fraction (30 ± 8% vs. 27 ± 8%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsTriV pacing was associated with significant improvements in clinical and echocardiographic parameters compared with BiV pacing.
Integrated risk analysis for rare marine species impacted by fishing: sustainability assessment and population trend modelling
Authors: Zhou Shijie , Milton David A. , Fry Gary C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractZhou, S., Milton, D. A., and Fry, G. C. 2012. Integrated risk analysis for rare marine species impacted by fishing: sustainability assessment and population trend modelling. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 271–280. Risk assessment and conservation management of rare species are challenging due to a lack of data. We developed an integrated risk assessment approach to assess human impact on population sustainability of rare species. The approach involved two components: a quantitative sustainability assessment coupled with modelling trends in relative abundance. Both components took nil catches into account through zero-inflated statistical distributions that simultaneously modelled the zero and non-zero catches separately in submodels. The sustainability assessment used detection–non-detection data for population estimation and linked sustainability to easily collected life-history traits. This component provides an assessment of population sustainability at one point in time. The trend modelling applied zero-inflated negative binomial models to temporal trends in density and dispersion of species. It provided a complement to the static sustainability assessment. We applied this integrated approach to assess the risk to 14 species of rare, protected sea snakes incidentally caught in the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery. This approach can be applicable for risk assessment of many species with limited abundance data, a large number of absences and some presence–absence information only.
Pore Helix Domain Is Critical to Camphor Sensitivity of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Channel
Authors: Marsakova Lenka , Touska Filip , Krusek Jan , Vlachova Viktorie 
Published: February 2012

Background
The recent discovery that camphor activates and strongly desensitizes the capsaicin-sensitive and noxious heat-sensitive channel transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) has provided new insights and opened up new research paths toward understanding why this naturally occurring monoterpene is widely used in human medicine for its local counter-irritant, antipruritic, and anesthetic properties. However, the molecular basis for camphor sensitivity remains mostly unknown. The authors attempt to explore the nature of the activation pathways evoked by camphor and narrow down a putative interaction site at TRPV1.

Methods
The authors transiently expressed wild-type or specifically mutated recombinant TRPV1 channels in human embryonic kidney cells HEK293T and recorded cation currents with the whole cell, patch clamp technique. To monitor changes in the spatial distribution of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, they used fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements from cells transfected with the fluorescent protein-tagged pleckstrin homology domains of phospholipase C.

Results
The results revealed that camphor modulates TRPV1 channel through the outer pore helix domain by affecting its overall gating equilibrium. In addition, camphor, which generally is known to decrease the fluidity of cell plasma membranes, may also regulate the activity of TRPV1 by inducing changes in the spatial distribution of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane.

Conclusions
The findings of this study provide novel insights into the structural basis for the modulation of TRPV1 channel by camphor and may provide an explanation for the mechanism by which camphor modulates thermal sensation in vivo.
Accuracy of Pain Recall in Children
Authors: Chogle Ashish , Sztainberg Marcelo , Bass Lee , Youssef Nader N. , Miranda Adrian , Nurko Samuel , Hyman Paul , Cocjin Jose , Di Lorenzo Carlo , Saps Miguel 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim:Chronic abdominal pain (AP) is common in children. Recall of symptoms is used clinically to determine management, to assess treatment progress, and in drug studies to assess outcomes. Limited data exist on accuracy of AP recall in children. The aim of the present study was to assess ability to accurately recall AP in children.Methods:The study was a secondary analysis of data obtained from a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, evaluating amitriptyline in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Children ages 8 to 17 years with AP predominant functional gastrointestinal disorders based on Rome II criteria were recruited from 6 centers. Those with evidence of organic disease were excluded. Patients maintained AP diary daily for 1 month (presence, frequency, and intensity). At the end of the study, patients reported the number of days of AP during previous month. Agreement between daily pain reports and recalled pain was assessed. Univariate analysis was conducted with Spearman rank correlations.Results:We recruited 63 children (45 girls, mean age 12.8 years). Sixteen percent children had perfect agreement on number of days of AP. Fifty‐four percent of children recalled fewer episodes of pain. The average number of days with AP by recall was 17.7/month, whereas by diary it was 23.5/month (P = 0.001). Correlation between patient recall of the last week of symptoms (r = 0.47) was no better than correlation between recall of the last 30 days of symptoms (r = 0.48). On comparing AP recall versus various pain intensities, reported AP did not reflect only AP of greater severity. Higher correlation of recall of symptoms was seen in children 11 years or younger (r = 0.59) as compared with children older than 11 years (r = 0.26).Conclusions:Few children can accurately recall the episodes of AP. Children commonly recall a lower frequency of AP than that assessed by prospective diary reports. Reported recall does not reflect a shorter recollection period. Recall is not related to intensity of pain. Adolescents have worse recall of symptoms.
SCARECROW Has a SHORT-ROOT-Independent Role in Modulating the Sugar Response
Authors: Cui Hongchang , Hao Yueling , Kong Danyu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSugar is essential for all cellular activities, but at high levels it inhibits growth and development. How plants balance the tradeoffs between the need for sugars and their growth inhibitory effects is poorly understood. SHORT-ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) are key regulators of stem cell renewal and radial patterning in the root of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Recently, we identified direct targets of SHR at the genome scale. Intriguingly, among the top-ranked list, we found a number of genes that are involved in stress responses. By chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we showed that SHR and SCR regulate a similar but not identical set of stress response genes. Consistent with this, scr and shr were found to be hypersensitive to abscisic acid (ABA). We further showed that both mutants were hypersensitive to high levels of glucose (Glc) but responded normally to high salinity and osmoticum. The endogenous levels of sucrose, Glc, and fructose were also elevated in shr and scr. Intriguingly, although shr had sugar content and developmental defects similar to those of scr, it was much less sensitive to Glc. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and reverse transcription-PCR assays as well as transgenic studies with an ABA-INSENSITIVE2 (ABI4)-β-glucuronidase reporter construct revealed that in root, SCR, but not SHR, repressed ABI4 and ABI5 directly and specifically in the apical meristem. When combined with abi4, scr became much more tolerant of high Glc. Finally, transgenic plants expressing ABI4 under the control of the SCR promoter manifested a short-root phenotype. These results together suggest that SCR has a SHR-independent role in mitigating the sugar response and that this role of SCR is important for root growth.
Potential association of Helicobacter cinaedi with atrial arrhythmias and atherosclerosis
Authors: Khan Shahzada , Okamoto Tatsuya , Enomoto Koji , Sakashita Naomi , Oyama Kohta , Fujii Shigemoto , Sawa Tomohiro , Takeya Motohiro , Ogawa Hisao , Yamabe Hiroshige , Akaike Takaaki 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTHelicobacter cinaedi has been increasingly recognized as an emerging pathogen. Reports of recurrent bacteremia and isolation of H. cinaedi organisms from a patient with myopericarditis led us to postulate that H. cinaedi is associated with chronic inflammatory cardiovascular diseases such as atrial arrhythmias and atherosclerosis. To assess any association of H. cinaedi with atrial arrhythmias, a retrospective case‐control study of patients attending Kumamoto University Hospital from 2005 to 2009 was performed. The arrhythmia status of these patients was determined from their electrocardiography and electrophysiological studies. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors. In a comparison of case patients (n= 132) with control subjects (n= 137), H. cinaedi seropositivity was identified as an independent risk factor for atrial arrhythmia (odds ratio, 5.13; 95% confidence interval, 3.0–8.7; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences, however, between these two groups with respect to anti‐H. pylori IgG concentrations, anti‐Chlamydophila pneumoniae IgG concentrations, and other studied variables. IgG concentrations against H. cinaedi and H. pylori were inversely correlated, which suggests cross‐immunity between these two bacteria. Also, to explore any association of H. cinaedi with atherosclerosis, immunohistochemical analysis of atherosclerotic aortic tissues collected post mortem from nine patients was performed. Immunohistochemistry of atherosclerotic aortic tissues from all nine patients detected H. cinaedi antigens inside CD68+ macrophages. These findings provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, of a possible association of H. cinaedi with atrial arrhythmias and atherosclerosis.