bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Condition of Patients With Autoimmune Diseases and the Effect of Anti‐Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Therapy
Authors: Mayer Yaniv , Elimelech Rina , Balbir‐Gurman Alexandra , Braun‐Moscovici Yolanda , Machtei Eli E. 
Published: April 2012

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of autoimmune diseases (AIs), as well as anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) therapy on the clinical and immunologic parameters of the periodontium.Methods: Thirty‐six AI patients (12 rheumatoid arthritis [RA], 12 psoriatic arthritis, and 12 systemic sclerosis) were recruited together with 12 healthy (H) and 10 RA patients receiving anti‐TNF‐α therapy (RA+). Periodontal indices including plaque index, gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from five deepest pockets using papers strips. The TNF‐α level was analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis of variance test was used for statistical comparison between groups, whereas Pearson linear correlation coefficient test was used to examine the association between TNF‐α and periodontal status indices.Results: The three AI subgroups were very similar in clinical and immunologic parameters. GI was greater in the AI patients compared to the H and RA+ groups (1.91 ± 0.54, 1.21 ± 0.67, and 1.45 ± 0.30, respectively, P = 0.0005). AI patients exhibited significantly more BOP than H and RA+ (46.45% ± 17.08%, 30.08% ± 16.86%, and 21.13% ± 9.51%, respectively, P = 0.0002). PD in H and RA+ groups were lower than in the AI (3.47 ± 0.33, 3.22 ± 0.41, and 3.91 ± 0.49 mm, P = 0.0001). Number of sites with PD >4 mm was higher in AI patients compared to H and RA+ (42.44 ± 17.5 versus 24.33 ± 15.62 versus 33.3 ± 6.6, P = 0.0002). GCF TNF‐α was higher among the AI patients (1.67 ± 0.58 ng/site) compared to 1.07 ± 0.33 ng/site for the H group and 0.97 ± 0.52 ng/site for the RA+ group (P = 0.0002). A significant positive correlation was found between PD and TNF‐α levels in the GCF (r = 0.4672, P = 0.0002), BOP (r = 0.7491, P = 0.0001), and GI (r = 0.5420, P = 0.0001).Conclusions: Patients with AI diseases have higher periodontal indices and higher TNF‐α levels in GCF than H controls. Anti‐TNF‐α treatment appears to reverse this phenomenon.
A skull fragment of the mosasaurid Prognathodon cf. sectorius from the Late Cretaceous of Navarre (Basque-Cantabrian Region)
Authors: Bardet Nathalie , Suberbiola Xabier Pereda , Corral J.-Carmelo , Baceta Juan Ignacio , Torres José Ángel , Botantz Benjamín , Martin Gorka 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In recent years, the discovery of isolated teeth from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of the Basque-Cantabrian Region, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, has permitted to recognise at least four different mosasaurid taxa in several sites of Alava and Condado de Treviño: Mosasaurus lemonnieri, Prognathodon solvayi, Platecarpus cf. ictericus and Tylosaurus sp. A new specimen, which consists of a fragment of skull with articulated portions of the maxilla and prefrontal, from the Campanian of Navarre is described here. This material is assigned to Prognathodon cf. sectorius on the basis of dental features. It constitutes the only cranial remain and the most significant mosasaurid fragment known to date in the Iberian Peninula. P. sectorius was previously recorded from the Maastrichtian of New-Jersey and The Netherlands.
Description of new specimens of Halisaurus arambourgi Bardet & Pereda Suberbiola, 2005 and the relationships of Halisaurinae
Authors: Polcyn Michael J. , Lindgren Johan , Bardet Nathalie , Cornelissen Dirk , Verding Louis , Schulp Anne S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Halisaurine mosasaurs are poorly known, represented by a small number of specimens from the Santonian-Maastrichtian (~86 Ma – ~66 Ma), but enjoyed broad palaeobiogeographic distribution during that time. They are important for understanding mosasaur evolution because certain aspects of their morphology retain the relatively plesiomorphic or minimally modified squamate conditions; however, existing material is limited and certain anatomical details are lacking. We report here two new specimens of Halisaurus arambourgi including a well-preserved, nearly complete skull and postcranial skeleton, and a partial skull that preserves details of the braincase and quadrate. We focus our description on morphology that augments the original description of this species and provides comparisons with other halisaurines. Braincase and temporal arcade characters confirm the plesiomorphic nature of Halisaurus, supporting a relatively basal position of Halisaurinae within Mosasauridae. Comparisons of cranial morphology support reconstruction of relationships within Halisaurinae, indicating that H. arambourgi is most closely related to H. platyspondylus, Phosphorosaurus (= H. ortliebi) is the sister taxon to those taxa, and Eonatator is the most basal described halisaurine. The proportions of the epipodials and the caudal vertebral centrum morphometrics indicate H. arambourgi is more derived than the Santonian to early Campanian Eonatator sternbergii but less derived than a Halisaurus sp. specimen from the mid-Maastrichtian of the Moreno Formation of California, USA. Moreover, vertebral morphometrics reveals that H. arambourgi possessed a downturned tail that likely supported a crescent-like fluke.
Enhancing Rice Productivity in West Africa through Genetic Improvement
Authors: Saito K. , Sokei Y. , Wopereis M.C.S. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTRice yields have stagnated in West Africa at 1 to 2 Mg ha−1 because of unfavorable rice environments and poor management practices. Interspecific rice cultivars, the New Rice for Africa (NERICA), were developed by crossing Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) and African rice (O. glaberrima Steud.) to improve upland and lowland rice productivity in resource‐poor farmers’ fields. This paper provides an overview of recent studies, performed by the Africa Rice Center and its partners, on evaluation of growth and yield performance of upland and lowland NERICA cultivars and modern Asian rice cultivars including the improved upland indica cultivars often termed aerobic rice. Upland NERICA cultivars were found to lack the expected combination of superior yield potential with weed suppressive ability (WSA) and adaptation to low soil fertility, instead sharing similarity in these characteristics with their O. sativa parent WAB56‐104 but remaining inferior to their O. glaberrima parent CG 14 in terms of tillering ability and WSA. Some aerobic rice cultivars were identified for high yielding ability, strong WSA, and superior adaptation to low‐fertility uplands and water‐limited lowlands. Some lowland NERICA cultivars outyielded improved lowland O. sativa checks and aerobic rice cultivars in favorable lowlands, whereas they did not perform well in water‐limited lowlands. The implications of these findings for future challenges for genetic improvement in West Africa are discussed.
Multivariate Analysis of Diversity of Landrace Rice Germplasm
Authors: Sanni K. A. , Fawole I. , Ogunbayo S. A. , Tia D. D. , Somado E. A. , Futakuchi K. , Sié M. , Nwilene F. E. , Guei R. G. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTMultivariate analysis is based on a statistical principle involving observation and analysis of more than one statistical variable at a time. The variability of 434 accessions of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm from Côte d'Ivoire was evaluated for 10 agro‐morphological traits in upland conditions at M'bé, Côte d'Ivoire (7°5′ N, 5°1′ W) in 2002 using augmented experimental design and analyzed with multivariate methods. The unweighted pair group method of the average linkage (UPGMA) cluster analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the data obtained. This enabled the assessment of the extent and pattern of variation of the germplasm and identification of the major traits contributing to the diversity. Seven cluster groups were obtained from the 10 agro‐botanical traits using the UPGMA. Canonical discriminant analysis showed the contribution of each trait to the classification of the rice accessions into different cluster groups. The first three principal components explained about 72.24% of the total variation among the 10 characters. The results of canonical discriminant analysis and PCA suggested that traits such as plant height, number of days to heading and maturity, tillering ability, and grain size (weight, length, width, and shape) were the principal discriminatory characteristics. It was concluded that variation exists in the germplasm, which provides opportunities for this collection to be useful for genetic improvement.
Sand Topdressing Rate and Interval Effects on Anthracnose Severity of an Annual Bluegrass Putting Green
Authors: Inguagiato John C. , Murphy James A. , Clarke Bruce B. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTSand topdressing has been reputed to increase anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman on annual bluegrass (ABG) [Poa annua L. forma reptans (Hausskn.) T. Koyama] putting greens. Field trials were conducted to determine the effects of (i) frequent (7 d) and low‐rate (0.3 L m−2) sand topdressing and brushing, (ii) infrequent (21 and 42 d) and increased‐rate (1.2 L m−2) sand topdressing, and (iii) sand topdressing application intervals (7, 14, and 28 d) and rates (0.3 and 0.6 L m−2) on anthracnose severity of ABG turf mowed at 3.2 mm. Topdressing every 7 d at 0.3 L m−2 initially enhanced disease (8%) during the first year of the trial; however, continued topdressing reduced anthracnose severity 17 to 47% later in 2006 and 3 to 26% in 2007 compared to nontopdressed turf. Topdressing every 21 and 42 d at 1.2 L m−2 reduced disease 4 to 28% over the 2‐yr study; however, sand applied every 21 d reduced disease 5 to 13% more than the 42‐d interval in 2007. Topdressing rate (0, 0.3, and 0.6 L m−2) and interval (7, 14, and 28 d) interacted to affect anthracnose severity in both years. Disease declined in a curvilinear manner as rate increased at the 7‐ and 14‐d intervals each year. Increased rates applied every 28 d reduced disease linearly in 2006 and curvilinearly at rates exceeding 0.3 L m−2 in 2007. Topdressing every 7 or 14 d at 0.3 or 0.6 L m−2, respectively, provided the most rapid and effective anthracnose reduction and best turf quality.
Physiological Changes in Roughstalk Bluegrass Exposed to High Temperature
Authors: Rutledge James M. , Volenec J.J. , Jiang Y. , Reicher Z.J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTRoughstalk bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) (RBG) is more heat sensitive than creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) (CBG), but the physiological basis for this difference is poorly understood. Our objective was to determine the impact of high temperature on growth, root viability, concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrates, fructan, glucose, protein, and amino acid in shoots and roots of RBG and CBG. One CBG (‘L93’) and two RBG cultivars (‘Laser’ and ‘Pulsar’) were grown in growth chambers at 23, 28, or 33°C and harvested 0, 10, 14, 21, 28, or 35 d after introduction (DAI) to high temperatures. Growth and physiological responses of Laser and Pulsar RBG were similar; therefore, differences between species were analyzed using Pulsar to represent RBG. Creeping bentgrass maintained better turf quality than RBG at 33°C and produced 15 mg of clipping dry wt. d−1 compared to only 0.5 mg dry wt. d−1 for RBG at 33°C 35 DAI. Root viability of RBG was higher than that of CBG at 23 and 28°C, but the reverse was true at 33°C. Fructan concentrations in RBG roots increased as exposure lengths increased, unlike in CBG. At 33°C, shoot amino acid concentration of RBG increased 223% compared to only 64% in CBG relative to concentrations in tissue exposed to 23°C. Our study identified differences in growth and physiological responses of CBG and RBG to high temperature that improve our understanding of differences between these species when grown in the field.
Screening Cucumber for Resistance to Downy Mildew Caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curt.) Rostov.
Authors: Call Adam D. , Criswell Adam D. , Wehner Todd C. , Klosinska Urszula , Kozik Elzbieta U. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTDowny mildew, a foliar disease caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curt.) Rostov. is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Moderately resistant cultivars are available, but yield losses are high without the use of fungicides. Higher levels of resistance are needed to reduce the need for fungicides. The objective of this study was to identify new sources of resistance to downy mildew among Plant Introduction accessions from the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System, elite cultivars, and breeding lines of cucumber. A total of 1300 cultigens were tested in Clinton, NC, and Skierniewice, Poland, in 2005 to 2007 under natural field epidemics. The most resistant and susceptible cultigens were further evaluated in replicated experiments in North Carolina and India in 2007 to 2009. Fungicide experiments were run in 2008 and 2009 to identify tolerance, involving weekly applications to one of two sets of material at a location. Results from the retest study confirmed the results of the initial screening. The most resistant cultigens over all environments were PI 605996, PI 330628, and PI 197088. Cultigens have been found that significantly outperform checks in all resistance traits. High yielding and tolerant cultigens have also been identified that could be used in developing improved cultivars.
Genomic Prediction of Breeding Values when Modeling Genotype × Environment Interaction using Pedigree and Dense Molecular Markers
Authors: Burgueño Juan , de los Campos Gustavo , Weigel Kent , Crossa José 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTGenomic selection (GS) has become an important aid in plant and animal breeding. Multienvironment (multitrait) models allow borrowing of information across environments (traits), which could enhance prediction accuracy. This study presents multienvironment (multitrait) models for GS and compares the predictive accuracy of these models with: (i) multienvironment analysis without pedigree and marker information, and (ii) multienvironment pedigree or/and marker‐based models. A statistical framework for incorporating pedigree and molecular marker information in models for multienvironment data is described and applied to data that originate from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) multienvironment trials. Two prediction problems relevant to plant breeders are considered: (CV1) predicting the performance of untested genotypes (“newly” developed lines), and (CV2) predicting the performance of genotypes that have been evaluated in some environments but not in others. Results confirmed the superiority of models using both marker and pedigree information over those based on pedigree information only. Models with pedigree and/or markers had better predictive accuracy than simple linear mixed models that do not include either of these two sources of information. We concluded that the evaluation of such trials can benefit greatly from using multienvironment GS models.
The Relationship Between the Stay‐Green Trait and Grain Yield in Elite Sorghum Hybrids Grown in a Range of Environments
Authors: Jordan D. R. , Hunt C. H. , Cruickshank A. W. , Borrell A. K. , Henzell R.G. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe stay‐green drought adaptation mechanism has been widely promoted as a way of improving grain yield and lodging resistance in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and as a result has been the subject of many physiological and genetic studies. The relevance of these studies to elite sorghum hybrids is not clear given that they sample a limited number of environments and were conducted using inbred lines or relatively small numbers of experimental F1 hybrids. In this study we investigated the relationship between stay‐green and yield using data from breeding trials that sampled 1668 unique hybrid combinations and 23 environments whose mean yields varied from 2.3 to 10.5 t ha−1. The strength and direction of the association between stay‐green and grain yield varied with both environment and genetic background (male tester). The majority of associations were positive, particularly in environments with yields below 6 t ha−1. As trial mean yield increased above 6 t ha−1 there was a trend toward an increased number of negative associations; however, the number and magnitude of the positive associations were larger. Given that post‐flowering drought is very commonly experienced by sorghum crops world wide and average yields are 1.2 and 2.5 t ha−1 for the world and Australia, respectively, our results indicate that selection for stay‐green in elite sorghum hybrids may be broadly beneficial for increasing yield in a wide range of environments.
Improved Heat Tolerance through Drought Preconditioning Associated with Changes in Lipid Composition, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Protein Expression in Kentucky Bluegrass
Authors: Peng Yan , Xu Chenping , Xu Lixin , Huang Bingru 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPlant tolerance to drought and heat stress may be interrelated. The study was designed to examine whether improved heat tolerance through drought preconditioning is associated with changes in lipid and protein content and antioxidant enzyme activities. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (cv. Brilliant) plants were well watered (non‐preconditioned control) or exposed to drought without irrigation for 12 d (drought preconditioning) and then exposed to heat stress (35°C/30°C) for 25 d in growth chambers. Compared to the non‐preconditioned control, preconditioned plants had higher turf quality and chlorophyll content, and lower leaf electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation under heat stress. Lipid saturation level increased under heat stress due to decreases in the content of linolenic (C18:3) and increases in linoleic (C18:2) and palmitic (C16:0) acids. Total fatty acid content and the content of C18:3 were significantly higher and C16:0 content was lower in preconditioned than in non‐preconditioned plants at 15 d of heat stress. The activity of superoxide dismutase increased in preconditioned plants at the initiation of heat stress, but it decreased in non‐preconditioned plants under heat stress. Preconditioned plants had higher catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities than non‐preconditioned plants under heat stress. Drought preconditioning accelerated the up‐regulation of chaperonin and heat shock protein 90, inhibited the down‐regulation of proteins for amino acid metabolism, and induced the expression of lipoxygenase. These results imply that drought‐preconditioning‐enhanced heat tolerance was associated with the promotion of antioxidant activities and chaperoning protein expression, protecting plants from cellular damages from heat stress.
Leaf Rust Resistance in Selected Uruguayan Common Wheat Cultivars with Early Maturity
Authors: Germán S. E. , Kolmer J. A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTLeaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Uruguay; therefore breeding for resistance to this disease has been a long‐term objective for the INIA wheat‐breeding program. Information on the identity of resistance genes present in the program is required to design strategies to breed for effective and more durable resistance. The leaf rust resistance genes present in seven adapted cultivars that have been extensively used in crosses were studied. Races of Puccinia triticina with different virulence combinations were used to determine which seedling resistance genes may be present in six cultivars. Genetic analysis of seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) was conducted on BC1F2 and F3 generations from four cultivars crossed with the susceptible cultivar Thatcher. The cultivar Estanzuela Tarariras was postulated to have Lr3bg and genetically determined to have Lr13 and Lr34; INIA Boyero was postulated to have Lr26 and genetically determined to have Lr13 and Lr34; Estanzuela Benteveo was postulated to have Lr3a and Lr26 and genetically determined to have Lr13. Estanzuela Pelón 90 was postulated to have Lr1, Lr17a, and Lr26 and genetically determined to have Lr34; INIA Caburé was postulated to have Lr24; INIA Churrinche was postulated to have Lr10 and Lr24; and INIA Tero was postulated to have Lr17a and Lr24. INIA Boyero and Estanzuela Benteveo carry additional APR gene(s) that might be useful sources of resistance in addition to Lr34.
Environmental Stability of Oleic Acid Concentration in Seed Oil for Soybean Lines with FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B Mutant Genes
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Dong , Bilyeu Kristin D. , Pantalone Vincent R. , Gillen Anne M. , So Yoon‐Sup , Shannon J. Grover 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTElevating oleic acid in seed oil improves oxidative stability and is desirable for expanding edible and industrial uses of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Soybean lines with up to 800 g kg−1 oleic acid concentration were developed by combining a recessive mutant allele at the FAD2‐1A locus (Glyma10 g42470) with either of two different recessive mutant alleles at the FAD2‐1B locus (Glyma20 g24530). However, oleic acid concentration for some higher oleic acid genotypes can be affected by growing conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of oleic acid concentration among 10 soybean lines with elevated oleic acid and eight checks with typical oleic acid levels over six environments. High oleic genotypes with genes combined from crossing M23 with the FAD2‐1AΔ mutant and PI567189A with the FAD2‐1B mutant I143T accumulated less oleic acid, and means for oleic acid concentration ranged from 551 to 729 g kg−1 across environments compared to 202 to 263 g kg−1 in the check cultivars. Significant variation among environments indicated that genes from different sources can affect both concentration and stability of oleic acid of these soybean genotypes grown in different environments.
Relationship between Interseeded Red Clover Biomass and Plant Number
Authors: Singer Jeremy W. , Meek David W. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTDeveloping robust relationships between dry matter (DM) and plant number (PN) in interseeded red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and winter cereal systems are useful for predicting potential DM. Predicting DM months in advance enhances producers’ ability to determine forage requirements. Data from five winter cereal and red clover studies conducted during the period 2003 to 2009 were synthesized to develop robust relationships between red clover DM and PN using treatments that included different winter cereal species and variety, winter cereal seeding rate, red clover variety, tillage, and soil amendment. Dry matter data were collected during two 40‐d harvests after winter cereal harvest. The relationship between red clover PN and DM was described mathematically by a two‐phase regression for both harvests following winter cereal harvest. During the first harvest, the relationship was described by a parabola in the first line segment while the second line segment had no slope. In the second harvest, the first line segment was a simple positive linear relationship and the second line segment also had no slope. The join point for the first harvest occurred at 90.3 plants m−2 while the second harvest join point occurred at 42.3 plants m−2. Red clover PN above 80 plants m−2 likely provide around 90% of total maximum DM while red clover PN around 50 plants m−2 likely only provides about 70% of total maximum DM.