bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal control of the E–L dynamic systems during the actuator faults
Authors: Galicki Mirosław 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, we deal with finite‐time optimal control of the Euler–Lagrange (E–L) multi‐body mechanism under: uncertain its kinematics and dynamics, displacement blocking of the damaged joint caused by the actuator failure, undesirable forces/torques exerted on the end‐effector and unknown friction forces originating from joints directly driven by the actuators, as well as completely unstructured forces arising from the kinematic singularities appearing on the mechanism trajectory. Based on the suitably defined task space non‐singular terminal sliding manifold and the Lyapunov stability theory, we propose a class of new fault tolerant estimated generalized Jacobian controllers, which seem to be effective in reducing (minimizing) the joint velocity jumps as well as in counteracting the unstructured forces/torques. On account of the fact, that the multi‐body mechanism is a redundant one, a useful criterion function (energy consumption manipulability measure) has been utilized in our controller to temporarily optimally track a desired trajectory. The proposed controllers' performance is demonstrated by computer simulations conducted on a redundant manipulator in conditions of unexpected actuator failure and the corresponding joint lock. Additionally, numerical comparisons are also provided with other representative controllers, found in the literature.
Spawned by opportunity or out of necessity? Organizational antecedents and the choice of industry and technology in employee spinouts
Authors: Bahoo‐Torodi Aliasghar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch summaryI examine how the organizational antecedents of spinouts shape the new firms' industry and technological trajectory choices compared to those of the parent firms. Building on prior research on employee entrepreneurship and integrating insights from the literature on opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship, I hypothesize that spinouts launched to exploit a new business opportunity shunned by the parent firm (i.e., opportunity spinouts) are more likely to enter a different but related industry and technological field to those of the parent firm. I hypothesize also that spinouts triggered by adverse developments in the parent firm (i.e., necessity spinouts) are more likely to target the same industry and technological field as the parent. Analysis of data from the European biotech industry supports these predictions.Managerial summaryThe prevailing view of employee entrepreneurship is that the established firm's unwillingness to commercialize an employee's ideas leads to the employee leaving to start a new firm. However, evidence suggests that spinout activity (new firm formation by former employees) can be also triggered by adverse developments in the established firm that disrupt an employee's job. This study examines how the organizational antecedents of spinouts shape the new firms' early‐stage strategic choices. Using data from the biotech industry, I show that opportunity driven spinouts are more likely to enter a different but related industry and technological field to those of their founders' prior employer and that necessity driven spinouts are more likely to target the same industry and technological field as the prior employer.
Geopolitical volatility and subsidiary investments
Authors: Adarkwah Gilbert Kofi , Dorobantu Sinziana , Sabel Christopher Albert , Zilja Flladina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine how geopolitical volatility—the instability of bilateral political affinity between countries—affects foreign subsidiary investments. Building on prior work that shows that the level of political affinity between countries facilitates foreign investments, we argue that the volatility of political affinity impedes firms' ability to form expectations about stakeholder behavior and reduces subsequent investments in subsidiaries. We further argue that the effect of volatility of political affinity on foreign subsidiary investments is less pronounced when the level of political affinity between countries is high and when the firm has strong political connections at home. Our analyses examine 1054 US firms and their subsidiary investments in 106 countries from 2000 to 2015.Managerial SummaryGeopolitical risk has emerged as an important factor in foreign investment decisions in recent years. The rise of geopolitical tensions worldwide and the fragmentation of relationships between countries have introduced new dimensions to foreign investment risks. We study the propensity for sudden and unpredictable shifts in the political relationship between countries—that is, volatility of political affinity in their bilateral political relations—and its effect on firms' foreign subsidiary investments. We show that volatility of political affinity negatively affects the number of subsidiaries, employees, and local sales in the host country because when bilateral relations change suddenly, it is more difficult for multinational firms to predict how stakeholder behavior will impact the performance of their investments.
From Structure to Application: The Evolutionary Trajectory of Spherical Nucleic Acids
Authors: Wang Guijia , Han Sanyang , Lu Yuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince the proposal of the concept of spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) in 1996, numerous studies have focused on this topic and have achieved great advances. As a new delivery system for nucleic acids, SNAs have advantages over conventional deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanostructures, including independence from transfection reagents, tolerance to nucleases, and lower immune reactions. The flexible structure of SNAs proves that various inorganic or organic materials can be used as the core, and different types of nucleic acids can be conjugated to realize diverse functions and achieve surprising and exciting outcomes. The special DNA nanostructures have been employed for immunomodulation, gene regulation, drug delivery, biosensing, and bioimaging. Despite the lack of rational design strategies, potential cytotoxicity, and structural defects of this technology, various successful examples demonstrate the bright and convincing future of SNAs in fields such as new materials, clinical practice, and pharmacy.
Comprehensive literature review on the application of the otological surgical planning software OTOPLAN® for cochlear implantation
Authors: Müller-Graff Franz-Tassilo , Spahn Björn , Herrmann David P. , Kurz Anja , Völker Johannes , Hagen Rudolf , Rak Kristen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The size of the human cochlear, measured by the diameter of the basal turn, varies between 7 and 11 mm. For hearing rehabilitation with cochlear implants (CI), the size of the cochlear influences the individual frequency map and the choice of electrode length. OTOPLAN® (CAScination AG [Bern, Switzerland] in cooperation with MED-EL [Innsbruck, Austria]) is a software tool with CE marking for clinical applications in CI treatment which allows for precise pre-planning based on cochlear size. This literature review aims to analyze all published data on the application of OTOPLAN®.

Materials and methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied to identify relevant studies published in the PubMed search engine between January 2015 and February 2023 using the search terms “otoplan” [title/abstract] OR “anatomy-based fitting” [title/abstract] OR “otological software tool” [title/abstract] OR “computed tomography-based software AND cochlear” [title/abstract].

Results
The systematic review of the literature identified 32 studies on clinical use of OTOPLAN® in CI treatment. Most studies were reported from Germany (7 out of 32), followed by Italy (5), Saudi Arabia (4), the USA (4), and Belgium (3); 2 studies each were from Austria and China, and 1 study from France, India, Norway, South Korea, and Switzerland. In the majority of studies (22), OTOPLAN® was used to assess cochlear size, followed by visualizing the electrode position using postoperative images (5), three-dimensional segmentation of temporal bone structures (4), planning the electrode insertion trajectory (3), creating a patient-specific frequency map (3), planning of a safe drilling path through the facial recess (3), and measuring of temporal bone structures (1).

Conclusion
To date, OTOPLAN® is the only DICOM viewer with CE marking in the CI field that can process pre-, intra-, and postoperative images in the abovementioned applications.
CML in the very elderly: the impact of comorbidities and TKI selection in a real-life multicenter study
Authors: Rozental Alon , Halperin Erez , Leibovitch Chiya , Barzili Meirav , Michowitz Maya Koren- , Duek Adrian , Rozovski Uri , Extermann Martine , Raanani Pia , Shacham-Abulafia Adi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have greatly improved chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatments, with survival rates close to the general population. Yet, for the very elderly, robust data remains limited. This study focused on assessing comorbidities, treatment approaches, responses, and survival for elderly CML patients. Our study was conducted on 123 elderly (≥ 75 years) CML patients across four centers in Israel and Moffitt Cancer Center, USA. The median age at diagnosis was 79.1 years, with 44.7% being octogenarians. Comorbidities were very common; cardiovascular risk factors (60%), cardiovascular diseases (42%), with a median age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (aaCCI) of 5. Imatinib was the leading first-line therapy (69%), while the use of second-generation TKIs increased post-2010. Most patients achieved a major molecular response (MMR, 66.7%), and half achieved a deep molecular response (DMR, 50.4%). Over half (52.8%) of patients moved to second-line, and nearly a quarter (23.5%) to third-line treatments, primarily due to intolerance. Overall survival (OS) was notably longer in patients with an aaCCI score below 5, and in patients who attained DMR. Contrary to expectations, the Israeli cohort showed a shorter actual life expectancy than projected, suggesting a larger impact of CML on elderly survival. In summary, imatinib remains the main initial treatment, but second-generation TKIs are on the rise among elderly CML patients. Outcomes in elderly CML patients depend on comorbidities, TKI type, response, and age, underscoring the need for personalized therapy and additional research on TKI effectiveness and safety.
Circulating subpopulations of non-cytotoxic ILCs in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Chwieduk Agata , Smagur A. , Głowala-Kosińska M. , Borzdziłowska P. , Fidyk W. , Mitrus I. , Wilkiewicz M. , Hadryś A. , Cortez A. J. , Giebel S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNon-cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been added to the list of immune cells that may contribute to the tumor microenvironment. Elevated levels of total ILCs and their subgroups have been reported in peripheral blood and tissue samples from patients with solid tumors, but their frequency in non-Hodgkin lymphomas, particularly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), has not been clearly established. This study examined frequency and subset distribution in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients (nodal and extra-nodal) and compared it with blood specimens from healthy donors. The percentage of total ILCs (Lin − CD127+) was assessed by flow cytometry, as well as the four ILC subsets, defined as ILC1 (Lin − CD127 + cKit − CRTH2−), ILC2 (Lin − CD127 + cKit+/- CRTH2+), ILCp NCR- (Lin − CD127 + cKit + CRTH2- NKp46-) and NCR + ILC3 (Lin − CD127 + cKit + NKp46+). In the studied group of patients (n = 54), significantly lower levels of circulating total ILCs, ILC1, and ILCp NCR- were observed compared to the control group (n = 43). Similarly, there was a statistically significant decrease in the median frequency of NKp46 + ILC3 cells in lymphoma patients. Analysis of the ILC2 subpopulation showed no significant differences. The correlation of the distribution of individual subpopulations of ILCs with the stage and location of the tumor was also demonstrated. Our results suggest that circulating ILCs are activated and differentiated and/or differentially recruited to the lymph nodes or tumor microenvironment where they may be involved in antitumor defense. However, our observations require confirmation in functional studies.
Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of Dravet syndrome modifier loci on mouse chromosomes 7 and 8
Authors: Hawkins Nicole A. , Speakes Nathan , Kearney Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDravet syndrome is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) characterized by intractable seizures, comorbidities related to developmental, cognitive, and motor delays, and a high mortality burden due to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Most Dravet syndrome cases are attributed to SCN1A haploinsufficiency, with genetic modifiers and environmental factors influencing disease severity. Mouse models with heterozygous deletion of Scn1a recapitulate key features of Dravet syndrome, including seizures and premature mortality; however, severity varies depending on genetic background. Here, we refined two Dravet survival modifier (Dsm) loci, Dsm2 on chromosome 7 and Dsm3 on chromosome 8, using interval-specific congenic (ISC) mapping. Dsm2 was complex and encompassed at least two separate loci, while Dsm3 was refined to a single locus. Candidate modifier genes within these refined loci were prioritized based on brain expression, strain-dependent differences, and biological relevance to seizures or epilepsy. High priority candidate genes for Dsm2 include Nav2, Ptpn5, Ldha, Dbx1, Prmt3 and Slc6a5, while Dsm3 has a single high priority candidate, Psd3. This study underscores the complex genetic architecture underlying Dravet syndrome and provides insights into potential modifier genes that could influence disease severity and serve as novel therapeutic targets.
Continental cold-air-outbreaks under the varying stratosphere-troposphere coupling regimes during stratospheric Northern Annular Mode events
Authors: Yu Yueyue , Ren Rongcai , Li Yafei , Yu Xueting , Yang Xuhui , Liu Bowen , Sun Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA Stratospheric Northern Annular Mode (SNAM) phase-based composite analysis reveals that continental Cold Air Outbreaks (CAOs) can occur during both positive and negative SNAM events. CAOs tend to occur over Asia, characterized by a meridional-dipole surface temperature anomaly pattern (cold midlatitudes and warm high-latitudes) when the SNAM index is decreasing or the stratospheric polar vortex is weakening, but over North America and Europe with a meridionally-homogeneous pattern when the SNAM index is increasing or the stratospheric polar vortex is strengthening. While the decreasing SNAM is dominated by a stronger stratospheric poleward warm branch (WB-ST) of the isentropic meridional mass circulation and vice versa, the CAOs always follow a stronger tropospheric poleward warm branch (WB-TR) and an equatorward cold branch (CB) of the isentropic meridional mass circulation. The correspondence between the stronger/weaker WB-ST and stronger/weaker WB-TR&CB during majority of SNAM phases (referred to as stratosphere-troposphere coupling regimes) is responsible for the CAOs in Asia. During the remaining phases (stratosphere-troposphere decoupling regimes), in accompany with a weaker/stronger WB-ST, the WB-TR&CB are stronger/weaker and relates to the CAOs occurred in North America and Europe. The coupling regimes when the stratospheric polar vortex is weakening/strengthening are mainly attributed to the E-P flux convergence/divergence from the middle troposphere to the lower stratosphere, the larger wave amplitude throughout the column, and anomalous tropospheric wave flux mainly in the Asia in subpolar latitudes. The decoupling regimes, however, are mainly related to the anomalous westward-tilting of waves and the wave flux reflection toward the North America or Europe.
Long-term outcomes of ADEM-like and tumefactive presentations of CNS demyelination: a case-comparison analysis
Authors: Arnett Simon V. , Prain Kerri , Ramanathan Sudarshini , Bhuta Sandeep , Brilot Fabienne , Broadley Simon A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA minority of initial multiple sclerosis (MS) presentations clinically or radiologically resemble other central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or tumefactive demyelination (atypical demyelination presentations). With the aim of better defining the long-term outcomes of this group we have performed a retrospective cohort comparison of atypical demyelination versus ‘typical’ MS presentations. Twenty-seven cases with atypical presentations (both first and subsequent demyelinating events) were identified and compared with typical MS cases. Disease features analysed included relapse rates, disability severity, whole brain and lesion volumes, lesion number and distribution. Atypical cases represented 3.9% of all MS cases. There was considerable overlap in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of ADEM-like and tumefactive demyelination cases. ADEM-like cases tended to be younger but not significantly so. Atypical cases showed a trend towards higher peak expanded disability severity score (EDSS) score at the time of their atypical presentation. Motor, cranial nerve, cerebellar, cerebral and multifocal presentations were all more common in atypical cases, and less likely to present with optic neuritis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white cell counts were higher in atypical cases (p = 0.002). One atypical case was associated with peripheral blood myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies, but subsequent clinical and radiological course was in keeping with MS. There was no difference in long-term clinical outcomes including annualised relapse rates (ARR), brain volume, lesion numbers or lesion distributions. Atypical demyelination cases were more likely to receive high potency disease modifying therapy early in the course of their illness. Despite the severity of initial illness, our cohort analysis suggests that atypical demyelination presentations do not confer a higher risk of long-term adverse outcomes.
Random Meander Model for Links
Authors: Owad Nicholas , Tsvietkova Anastasiia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe suggest a new random model for links based on meander diagrams and graphs. We then prove that trivial links appear with vanishing probability in this model, no link L is obtained with probability 1, and there is a lower bound for the number of non-isotopic knots obtained for a fixed number of crossings. A random meander diagram is obtained through matching pairs of parentheses, a well-studied problem in combinatorics. Hence tools from combinatorics can be used to investigate properties of random links in this model, and, moreover, of the respective 3-manifolds that are link complements in 3-sphere. We use this for exploring geometric properties of a link complement. Specifically, we give expected twist number of a link diagram and use it to bound expected hyperbolic and simplicial volume of random links. The tools from combinatorics that we use include Catalan and Narayana numbers, and Zeilberger’s algorithm.
Fragmenting any Parallelepiped into a Signed Tiling
Authors: Doolittle Joseph , McDonough Alex 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is broadly known that any parallelepiped tiles space by translating copies of itself along its edges. In earlier work relating to higher-dimensional sandpile groups, the second author discovered a novel construction which fragments the parallelepiped into a collection of smaller tiles. These tiles fill space with the same symmetry as the larger parallelepiped. Their volumes are equal to the components of the multi-row Laplace determinant expansion, so this construction only works when all of these signs are non-negative (or non-positive). In this work, we extend the construction to work for all parallelepipeds, without requiring the non-negative condition. This naturally gives tiles with negative volume, which we understand to mean canceling out tiles with positive volume. In fact, with this cancellation, we prove that every point in space is contained in exactly one more tile with positive volume than tile with negative volume. This is a natural definition for a signed tiling. Our main technique is to show that the net number of signed tiles doesn’t change as a point moves through space. This is a relatively indirect proof method, and the underlying structure of these tilings remains mysterious.
Ethische Aspekte von Todes- und Suizidwünschen älterer Menschen in der Pflege und für Pflegefachpersonen
Authors: Riedel Annette , Klotz Karen , Heidenreich Thomas 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungTodes- und Suizidwünsche älterer Menschen stellen ein relevantes und moralisch herausforderndes Thema für Pflegefachpersonen dar. Insbesondere im Zusammenhang möglicher Wünsche nach Suizidassistenz wächst das Potenzial moralischer Ungewissheit bis hin zu Moral Distress. Im Setting der ambulanten und stationären Langzeitpflege erweist sich die professionelle Sensibilität und ethische Einordnung gegenüber geäußerten Todes- und Suizidwünschen als besonders bedeutsam, denn sowohl die Suizidraten als auch die Anfragen nach Suizidassistenz sind Studien zufolge bei Menschen über 65 Jahren hoch. Dieser Sachverhalt unterstreicht zugleich die Bedeutsamkeit der jüngst auch durch die Bundesregierung gestärkten Suizidprävention und den Auftrag, ein entsprechendes Gesetz hierfür auf den Weg zu bringen. Die situative Konfrontation der Pflegefachpersonen mit Todes- und Suizidwünschen kann aufgrund der aktuell in der Praxis vorherrschenden rechtlichen Unsicherheiten – so unsere Hypothese – ein ethisches Spannungsfeld zwischen einem vorurteilsfreien, offenen, empathischen und respektvollen Aufgreifen von Todes- und Suizidwünschen einerseits und dem Ziel der Suizidprävention andererseits hervorrufen. Internationale Studien verweisen auf das Potenzial von Moral Distress von Pflegefachpersonen in der Konfrontation mit Todes- und Suizidwünschen. Diese Erkenntnisse und die Bezugnahme auf die aktuellen rechtlichen Unsicherheiten und Rahmenbedingungen im nationalen Kontext untermauern die Bedeutsamkeit der professionsbezogenen Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik, die Notwendigkeit (zukünftige) Pflegefachpersonen für potenzielle ethische Spannungsfelder zu sensibilisieren und einen kompetenten Umgang mit der einhergehenden moralischen Ungewissheit zu ermöglichen.
Markov processes on quasi-random graphs
Authors: Keliger D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study Markov population processes on large graphs, with the local state transition rates of a single vertex being a linear function of its neighborhood. A simple way to approximate such processes is by a system of ODEs called the homogeneous mean-field approximation (HMFA). Our main result is showing that HMFA is guaranteed to be the large graph limit of the stochastic dynamics on a finite time horizon if and only if the graph-sequence is quasi-random. An explicit error bound is given and it is $$\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}$$

1

N

plus the largest discrepancy of the graph. For Erdős–Rényi and random regular graphs we show an error bound of order the inverse square root of the average degree. In general, diverging average degrees is shown to be a necessary condition for the HMFA to be accurate. Under special conditions, some of these results also apply to more detailed type of approximations like the inhomogenous mean field approximation (IHMFA). We pay special attention to epidemic applications such as the SIS process.