bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arctic Vulnerability: Examining Biosecurity Risks Amidst Climate Change
Authors: Ali Sareen , Poto Margherita Paola , Murray Emily Margaret 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBuilding on the objectives of a working paper, this chapter explores the intricate relationship between the Arctic Circle, climate change, and One Health. The Arctic is exceptionally susceptible to climate change, warming three times faster than the global average, leading to increased melting of snow, ice sheets, and permafrost. These changes heighten the vulnerability of flora, fauna, and Indigenous communities that thrive in this ecosystem. Additionally, thawing permafrost releases numerous toxins and revives dormant microorganisms, increasing biosecurity risks to human, animal, and plant health. Urgent enhancement of health surveillance is essential to identify and contain potential zoonotic disease outbreaks promptly. Informed by the One Health approach which emphasises the interconnection of environmental, animal, and human well-being, this working paper aims to enrich existing literature by systems mapping diverse One Health surveillance systems in this region. The overarching goal is to improve public health outcomes in the Arctic Circle by fostering transdisciplinary collaborations and addressing challenges associated with implementing the One Health framework in this vast and unique landscape. Aligned with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, emphasising transformative actions for planet protection, this paper advocates for the successful integration of the One Health framework to improve the holistic health of the ecosystem. In doing so, it supports ecological education and contributes to the overall goal of safeguarding the planet.
The soaring kite: a tale of two punctured tori
Authors: Giroux Mathieu , Pokraka Andrzej , Porkert Franziska , Sohnle Yoann 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We consider the 5-mass kite family of self-energy Feynman integrals and present a systematic approach for constructing an ε-form basis, along with its differential equation pulled back onto the moduli space of two tori. Each torus is associated with one of the two distinct elliptic curves this family depends on. We demonstrate how the locations of relevant punctures, which are required to parametrize the full image of the kinematic space onto this moduli space, can be extracted from integrals over maximal cuts. A boundary value is provided such that the differential equation is systematically solved in terms of iterated integrals over g-kernels and modular forms. Then, the numerical evaluation of the master integrals is discussed, and important challenges in that regard are emphasized. In an appendix, we introduce new relations between g-kernels.
Covid-19 lockdown, gender and income dynamics in household energy consumption: evidence from Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Shigeru , Hoang Viet-Ngu , Wilson Clevo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResidential electricity consumption and time spent at home by household members increased while household income decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Using survey data of Japanese households purchasing electricity from the Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, before and during the pandemic, we examine the various dynamics at play involving income, increased time spent at home by both partners and the role of genders in energy consumption. Results show a positive relationship between changes in electricity consumption and changes in household income, suggesting that households reduced their electricity usage following a decrease in income. Interestingly, the results also show that consumption changes are positively correlated to changes in hours spent at home by working husbands but negatively correlated to changes in the hours spent at home by working wives.
Nanosilver-based materials as feed additives: Evaluation of their transformations along in vitro gastrointestinal digestion in pigs and chickens by using an ICP-MS based analytical platform
Authors: Ben-Jeddou Khaoula , Bakir Mariam , Jiménez María S. , Gómez María T. , Abad-Álvaro Isabel , Laborda Francisco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe use of a new nanomaterial in the feed chain requires a risk assessment that involves in vitro gastrointestinal digestions to predict its degradation and oral exposure to nanoparticles. In this study, a nanosilver-based material was incorporated into pig and chicken feed as a growth-promoting additive and subjected to the corresponding in vitro gastrointestinal digestions. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analytical platform was used to obtain information about the silver released in the different digestion phases. It included conventional ICP-MS for total silver determination, but also single particle ICP-MS and coupling to hydrodynamic chromatography for detection of dissolved and particulate silver. The bioaccessible fraction in the intestinal phase accounted for 8–13% of the total silver, mainly in the form of dissolved Ag(I) species, with less than 0.1% as silver-containing particles. Despite the additive behaving differently in pig and chicken digestions, the feed matrix played a relevant role in the fate of the silver.
Machine learning-based preoperative analytics for the prediction of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery: a swiss pilot study
Authors: Taha-Mehlitz Stephanie , Wentzler Larissa , Angehrn Fiorenzo , Hendie Ahmad , Ochs Vincent , Wolleb Julia , Staartjes Victor E. , Enodien Bassey , Baltuonis Martinas , Vorburger Stephan , Frey Daniel M. , Rosenberg Robert , von Flüe Markus , Müller-Stich Beat , Cattin Philippe C. , Taha Anas , Steinemann Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Anastomotic leakage (AL), a severe complication following colorectal surgery, arises from defects at the anastomosis site. This study evaluates the feasibility of predicting AL using machine learning (ML) algorithms based on preoperative data.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data including 21 predictors from patients undergoing colorectal surgery with bowel anastomosis at four Swiss hospitals. Several ML algorithms were applied for binary classification into AL or non-AL groups, utilizing a five-fold cross-validation strategy with a 90% training and 10% validation split. Additionally, a holdout test set from an external hospital was employed to assess the models' robustness in external validation.

Results
Among 1244 patients, 112 (9.0%) suffered from AL. The Random Forest model showed an AUC-ROC of 0.78 (SD: ± 0.01) on the internal test set, which significantly decreased to 0.60 (SD: ± 0.05) on the external holdout test set comprising 198 patients, including 7 (3.5%) with AL. Conversely, the Logistic Regression model demonstrated more consistent AUC-ROC values of 0.69 (SD: ± 0.01) on the internal set and 0.61 (SD: ± 0.05) on the external set. Accuracy measures for Random Forest were 0.82 (SD: ± 0.04) internally and 0.87 (SD: ± 0.08) externally, while Logistic Regression achieved accuracies of 0.81 (SD: ± 0.10) and 0.88 (SD: ± 0.15). F1 Scores for Random Forest moved from 0.58 (SD: ± 0.03) internally to 0.51 (SD: ± 0.03) externally, with Logistic Regression maintaining more stable scores of 0.53 (SD: ± 0.04) and 0.51 (SD: ± 0.02).

Conclusion
In this pilot study, we evaluated ML-based prediction models for AL post-colorectal surgery and identified ten patient-related risk factors associated with AL. Highlighting the need for multicenter data, external validation, and larger sample sizes, our findings emphasize the potential of ML in enhancing surgical outcomes and inform future development of a web-based application for broader clinical use.
Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam against clinical isolates of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected in Greece and Italy—SMART 2017–2021
Authors: Karlowsky James A. , Lob Sibylle H. , Hawser Stephen P. , Kothari Nimmi , Siddiqui Fakhar , Alekseeva Irina , DeRyke C. Andrew , Young Katherine , Motyl Mary R. , Sahm Daniel F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The current study evaluated the in vitro activities of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), imipenem/relebactam (IMI/REL), and comparators against recent (2017–2021) clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli from two countries in southern Europe.

Methods
Nine clinical laboratories (two in Greece; seven in Italy) each collected up to 250 consecutive gram-negative isolates per year from lower respiratory tract, intraabdominal, urinary tract, and bloodstream infection samples. MICs were determined by the CLSI broth microdilution method and interpreted using 2022 EUCAST breakpoints. β-lactamase genes were identified in select β-lactam-nonsusceptible isolate subsets.

Results
C/T inhibited the growth of 85–87% of Enterobacterales and 94–96% of ESBL-positive non-CRE NME (non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales) isolates from both countries. IMI/REL inhibited 95–98% of NME, 100% of ESBL-positive non-CRE NME, and 98–99% of KPC-positive NME isolates from both countries. Country-specific differences in percent susceptible values for C/T, IMI/REL, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, levofloxacin, and amikacin were more pronounced for Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Enterobacterales. C/T and IMI/REL both inhibited 84% of P. aeruginosa isolates from Greece and 91–92% of isolates from Italy. MBL rates were estimated as 4% of Enterobacterales and 10% of P. aeruginosa isolates from Greece compared to 1% of Enterobacterales and 3% of P. aeruginosa isolates from Italy. KPC rates among Enterobacterales isolates were similar in both countries (7–8%). OXA-48-like enzymes were only identified in Enterobacterales isolates from Italy (1%) while GES carbapenemase genes were only identified in P. aeruginosa isolates from Italy (2%).

Conclusion
We conclude that C/T and IMI/REL may provide viable treatment options for many patients from Greece and Italy.
Association between chronic pain and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Zhenzhi , Sun Zhen , Zheng Hui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Dementia and chronic pain (CP) are prevalent among older adults. However, no study has systematically reviewed the association between dementia and CP. Therefore, we performed this study to gather evidence about the potential relationship between the two.

Methods
Two authors independently searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify all records published up to 1 September 2022 that explored the association between CP and dementia. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). A fixed or random-effects model was used to pool the risk estimates.

Results
Among the initial 3296 articles retrieved, 19 were included in the review (1 cross-sectional, and 18 cohort). The pooled result showed the risk of dementia was 1.42 times higher in CP patients (HR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.23–1.64, P < 0.001). dementia and CP subtypes, gender, and age did not significantly affect the results.

Conclusion
Our study shows that people who suffered from CP are at an increased risk of developing dementia, regardless of gender, age, and dementia and CP subtypes.
Associations Between Alcohol Use, Antiretroviral Therapy Use, and Viral Load Suppression Among People Living with HIV in Rural Central Uganda
Authors: Wynn Adriane , Sileo Katelyn M. , Schmarje Crockett Katherine , Naigino Rose , Ediau Michael , Menzies Nicolas A. , Kalichman Seth C. , Wanyenze Rhoda K. , Martin Natasha K. , Kiene Susan M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlcohol use among people living with HIV (PWH) is common and may negatively affect engagement in HIV care. We evaluated the relationships between alcohol use, ART use, and viral suppression among PWH in Uganda. PATH/Ekkubo was a trial evaluating a linkage to HIV care intervention in four Ugandan districts, Nov 2015-Sept 2021. Our analytical sample included: (1) baseline data from individuals not enrolled in the intervention trial (previously diagnosed HIV+); and 12-month follow-up data from the control group (newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed, but not in care). Level of alcohol use was categorized using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C): none (AUDIT-C = 0), low (women = 1–2, men = 1–3), medium (women = 3–5, men = 4–5), high/very high (6–12). Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated associations between alcohol use, ART use and viral suppression (a viral load of < 20); we also stratified by gender. Among 931 PWH, medium (OR: 0.43 [95% CI 0.25–0.72]) and high/very high (OR: 0.22 [95% CI 0.11–0.42]) levels of alcohol use were associated with lower odds of being on ART. In a sub-sample of 664, medium use (OR: 0.63 [95% CI 0.41–0.97]) was associated with lower odds of viral suppression. However, this association was not statistically significant when restricting to those on ART, suggesting the relationship between alcohol use and viral suppression is explained by ART use. Among men, high/very high, and among women, medium alcohol use levels were associated with lower odds of being on ART and being virally suppressed. Interventions for PWH who use higher levels of alcohol may be needed to optimize the benefits of Uganda’s Universal Test and Treat strategy.
Distinct epigenetic modulation of differentially expressed genes in the adult mouse brain following prenatal exposure to low-dose bisphenol A
Authors: Weng Jie , Zhu Yue-yan , Liao Li-yong , Yang Xin-tong , Dong Yu-hao , Meng Wei-da , Sun Dai-jing , Liu Yun , Peng Wen-zhu , Jiang Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is a common component in the manufacture of daily plastic consumer goods. Recent studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to BPA can increase the susceptibility of offspring to mental illness, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling in the adult mouse brain following prenatal exposure to low-dose BPA. We observed a sex-specific transcriptional dysregulation in the cortex, with more significant differentially expressed genes was observed in adult cortex from male offspring. Moreover, the upregulated genes primarily influenced neuronal functions, while the downregulated genes were significantly associated with energy metabolism pathways. More evidence supporting impaired mitochondrial function included a decreased ATP level and a reduced number of mitochondria in the cortical neuron of the BPA group. We further investigated the higher-order chromatin regulatory patterns of DEGs by incorporating published Hi-C data. Interestingly, we found that upregulated genes exhibited more distal interactions with multiple enhancers, while downregulated genes displayed relatively short-range interactions among adjacent genes. Our data further revealed decreased H3K9me3 signal on the distal enhancers of upregulated genes, whereas increased DNA methylation and H3K27me3 signals on the promoters of downregulated genes. In summary, our study provides compelling evidence for the potential health risks associated with prenatal exposure to BPA, and uncovers sex-specific transcriptional changes with a complex interplay of multiple epigenetic mechanisms.
Graphical abstract
1. Distinct chromatin interaction pattern of DEGs in the cortex of adult male offspring in response to prenatal BPA exposure.
2. Upregulated genes exhibited intensive and long-range chromatin interactions, with decreased H3K9me3 modification on the distal enhancers.
3. Downregulated genes were featured by promoter-promoter interactions among adjacent genes and increased DNA methylation and H3K27me3 modification at the promoter regions.
Enacting Entanglement: CreaTures, Socio-Technical Collaboration and Designing a Transformative Ethos
Authors: Light Ann , Choi Jaz Hee-jeong , Houston Lara , Botero Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
What happens when we try to enact theory in our practices of collaboration? The CreaTures project spent three years exploring the challenges of conceptualising and enacting entanglement in using creative practice to try and change worldviews towards understandings of interdependence. Acknowledging the backdrop to our work as pressing ecological breakdown, we sought to practice the cultural change we hoped to inspire. We discuss what we learnt about the socio-technical aspects of cooperation in managing entangled engagement as a methodological, as well as ontological, position. We centre this on a case study of how digital technology became a factor in both helpful and surprising ways during the project in response to the constraints of the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper concludes with reflections on how taking the spatial metaphor of entanglement, rather than scale, has helped us understand agency in our work. In discussing this transdisciplinary project as part of CSCW scholarship, we hope to open a space for questioning dominant techno-economic values and show how alternative philosophy can be enacted in practice in supporting transformation to a different design ethos.
Pulsed field ablation in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: an ex vivo assessment of safety
Authors: Lennerz Carsten , O’Connor Matthew , Schaarschmidt Claudia , Reents Tilko , Bourier Felix , Telishevska Marta , Lengauer Sarah , Popa Miruna , Wimbauer Katharina , Holmgren Ellen , Thoma Mara , Spitzauer Lovis , Bahlke Fabian , Krafft Hannah , Englert Florian , Knoll Katharina , Friedrich Lena , Blazek Patrick , Hessling Gabriele , Kolb Christof , Deisenhofer Isabel , Kottmaier Marc 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Pulse field ablation (PFA) is a novel catheter ablation technology with potential safety benefits due to its tissue selectivity. It has the potential to directly damage or interact with the functionality of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in the form of electromagnetic interference (EMI). The aim of our study was to assess the impact of PFA on CIEDs.

Methods
PFA lesions (45 per CIED) were applied from the Farapulse system to CIEDs (< 5 cm from the lead tip and < 15 cm from the generator). All devices were checked before and after PFA application for proper sensing and pacing functionality as well as for integrity of shock circuits in ICDs using a heart simulator. Moreover, devices were then interrogated for any spontaneous reprogramming, mode switching or other EMI effects.

Results
In total, 44 CIEDs were tested (16 pacemaker, 21 ICDs, 7 CRT-P/D) with 1980 PFA applications. There was no change in device settings, functionality and electrical parameters, and there was no macroscopic damage to the devices. The risk of damage to the electric components or leads on a patient-based analysis is 0/44 (95% CI 0–8%) and on a PFA pulse-based analysis is 0/1980 (95% CI 0–0.2%). Clinically relevant EMI appeared with oversensing and pacing inhibition but not tachycardia detection.

Conclusions
Bipolar PFA appears safe and does not result in damage to CIEDs or leads. Clinically relevant EMI does occur, but appropriate peri-procedural programming may mitigate this. In vivo studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Graphical Abstract
Real-time monitoring of molten zinc splatter using machine learning-based computer vision
Authors: O’Donovan Callum , Giannetti Cinzia , Pleydell-Pearce Cameron 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring steel galvanisation, immersing steel strip into molten zinc forms a protective coating. Uniform coating thickness is crucial for quality and is achieved using air knives which wipe off excess zinc. At high strip speeds, zinc splatters onto equipment, causing defects and downtime. Parameters such as knife positioning and air pressure influence splatter severity and can be optimised to reduce it. Therefore, this paper proposes a system that converges computer vision and manufacturing whilst addressing some challenges of real-time monitoring in harsh industrial environments, such as the extreme heat, metallic dust, dynamic machinery and high-speed processing at the galvanising site. The approach is primarily comprised of the Counting (CNT) background subtraction algorithm and YOLOv5, which together ensure robustness to noise produced by heat distortion and dust, as well as adaptability to the highly dynamic environment. The YOLOv5 element achieved precision, recall and mean average precision (mAP) values of 1. When validated against operator judgement using mean average error (MAE), interquartile range, median and scatter plot analysis, it was found that there was more discrepancy between the two operators than the operators and the model.This research also strategises the deployment process for integration into the galvanising line. The model proposed allows real-time monitoring and quantification of splatter severity which provides valuable insights into root-cause analysis, process optimisation and maintenance strategies. This research contributes to the digital transformation of manufacturing and whilst solving a current problem, also plants the seed for many other novel applications.
AIOLOS-Associated Inborn Errors of Immunity
Authors: Yamashita Motoi , Morio Tomohiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAIOLOS, encoded by the IKZF3 gene, belongs to the Ikaros zinc finger transcription factor family and plays a pivotal role in regulating lymphocyte development. Recently, heterozygous missense loss-of-function variants within the DNA-binding domain of the IKZF3 gene (G159R, N160S, and G191R) have been identified in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Additionally, a missense and a truncating variant (E82K and Q402X) leading to the AIOLOS haploinsufficiency have been documented. The majority of individuals with AIOLOS-associated IEI manifest recurrent sinopulmonary infections, as well as various bacterial and viral infections. The patients carrying the AIOLOSN160S variant exhibit severe immunodeficient phenotypes. In contrast, patients harboring AIOLOS haploinsufficient variants predominantly present with clinical phenotypes associated with immune dysregulation. A varying degree of B-lymphopenia and hypoimmunoglobulinemia was noted in approximately half of the patients. Mouse models of AIOLOSG159R and AIOLOSN160S variants (AiolosG158R and AiolosN159S in mice, respectively) recapitulated most of the immune abnormalities observed in the patients. Among these models, AiolosG158R mice prominently exhibited defects in early B cell differentiation resulting from mutant Aiolos interfering with Ikaros function through heterodimer formation. In contrast, AiolosN159S mice did not manifest early B cell differentiation defects. However, they displayed a distinct immune abnormality characterized by impaired induction of CD62L expression in lymphocytes, which is likely attributable to dysfunction of Ikaros, leading to defective lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes. Considering the diverse clinical phenotypes observed in the reported cases and the distinct molecular pathogenesis associated with each variant, further studies with more patients with AIOLOS-associated IEI would contribute to a better understanding of the clinical spectrum and underlying molecular mechanisms associated with this disorder.