bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QRS Characteristics Fail to Reliably Identify Ventricular Tachycardias That Require Epicardial Ablation in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: MARTINEK MARTIN , STEVENSON WILLIAM G. , INADA KEIICHI , TOKUDA MICHIFUMI , TEDROW USHA B. 
Published: September 2011

Criteria for Epicardial Origin in Ischemic VT. Objectives: We tested proposed algorithms for idiopathic and nonischemic tachycardias for their ability to identify epicardial LV‐VT origins.
Backgroud:
Several ECG features have been reported to identify epicardial origins for left ventricular tachycardias (LV‐VTs) in the absence of myocardial infarction. Only limited data exist in postinfarction patients.
Methods:
The QRS features of 24 VTs that were ablated from the epicardium and 39 left ventricular VTs ablated from the endocardium were retrospectively analyzed for various 12‐lead ECG features previously reported.
Results:
No ECG feature consistently predicted an epicardial LV‐VT origin in infarct‐related tachycardias, with epicardial VTs showing slightly longer QRS durations (189 ± 32 ms in epicardial vs 179 ± 37 ms in endocardial, P = 0.28). Pseudo‐delta duration was 38 ± 27 versus 47 ± 27 ms (P = 0.2), intrinsicoid deflection time 93 ± 35 versus 86 ± 32 ms (P = 0.4), shortest RS 97 ± 38 versus 99 ± 32 ms (P = 0.77), and median deflection index 0.82 ± 0.25 versus 0.87 ± 0.22 (P = 0.43).The finding of a Q wave in lead I and the absence of a Q wave in the inferior leads failed to predict an epicardial origin in superior LV‐VT sites. Q waves in any inferior lead and aVR/aVL‐ratio<1 were not specific for an epicardial origin in inferior sites (all P = ns). Furthermore, all inferior LV‐VTs showed a Q wave in the inferior leads which correlated with pre‐existing Q‐waves in sinus rhythm (P = 0.045).
Conclusion
: Proposed 12‐lead ECG features for differentiation of epicardial versus endocardial sites for nonischemic LV‐VTs do not reliably identify VTs that require ablation from the epicardium. Endocardial mapping should be the first approach to catheter ablation for VTs in patients with ischemic heart disease. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 188‐193, February 2012)
Quantitative biomechanical analysis of the influence of the cortical bone and implant length on primary stability
Authors: Hong Jongrak , Lim Young‐Jun , Park Sang‐Oh 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to investigate the influence of cortical bone and increasing implant fixture length on primary stability. Further investigation considered the correlation between the presence of cortical bone at the marginal bone and implant stability measured by insertion torque (IT) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA), as well as implant length, were determined.Materials and methodsTwo different types of polyurethane bone models were compared. (Group 1: with cortical and cancellous bone; Group 2: with cancellous bone only). A total of 60 external type implants (∅ 4.1, OSSTEM®, US II®) with different lengths (7, 10, and 13 mm) were used. IT was recorded automatically by a computer which was connected to the Implant fixture installation device during the placement. RFA was conducted to quantify the primary implant stability quotient (ISQ). All two measurements were repeated 10 times for each group.ResultsAll these differences were statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.001) and intragroups (P < 0.001). Upon comparing the IT, cortical bone appears to have a greater influence on implant stability than implant lengths, whereas the RFA value strongly affects implant length rather than the presence of the crestal cortical bone.ConclusionsThe quantitative biomechanical evaluations clearly demonstrated that primary implant stability seems to be influenced by the presence of a cortical plate and total surface area of the implant fixture appears to be the decisive determinant for ISQ value.
Soft tissue surrounding switched platform implants: an immunohistochemical evaluation
Authors: Dellavia Claudia , Canullo Luigi , Allievi Cristina , Lang Niklaus P. , Pellegrini Gaia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesThis clinical and immunohistochemical study was designed to characterize the cellular and molecular patterns for bone loss of soft tissues surrounding implants restored with different implant platform configurations.Material and methodsA total of 32 implants were restored using abutments with the following mismatches: 0 mm (control group), 0.25 mm (test group1), 0.5 mm (test group2) and 0.85 mm (test group3). Four years after, loading all sites were clinically healthy, and soft tissue samples were harvested and processed for immunohistochemical analysis. Amounts of lymphocytes T (LyT) ‐B (LyB), IL‐17 and RANKL were assessed.ResultsNo significant difference was found between groups (P > 0.05) in terms of infiltrated T and B cell counts, IL‐17 and RANKL expressions. When pooled data were analysed, lymphocytes T counts and IL‐17 were higher than lymphocytes B counts and RANKL. LyT and LyB counts were highly negatively correlated (Pearson's r > 0.7) and IL‐17 was correlated (Pearson's r > 0.4, <0.7) to LyT and LyB.ConclusionsAfter prolonged exposure of abutments in the oral cavity, the configuration of the implant abutment interface does not seem to affect the inflammatory cellular and molecular pattern responsible for bone loss.
Evaluation of the safety and efficiency of novel metallic ultrasonic scaler tip on titanium surfaces
Authors: Baek Seung‐Ho , Shon Won‐Jun , Bae Kwang‐Shik , Kum Kee‐Yeon , Lee Woo‐Cheol , Park Young‐Seok 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAimTo evaluate the safety and efficiency of novel ultrasonic scaler tips, conventional stainless‐steel tips, and plastic tips on titanium surfaces.Material and methodsMechanical instrumentation was carried out using conventional ultrasonic scalers (EMS, Nyon, Switzerland) with novel metallic implant tip (BS), a plastic‐headed tip (ES), a plastic tip (PS) and a conventional stainless‐steel tip (CS) on 10 polished commercially pure titanium disks (Grade II) per group. Arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) and maximum height roughness (Ry) of titanium samples were measured and dissipated power of the scaler tip in the tip‐surface junction was estimated to investigate the scaling efficiency. The instrumented surface morphology of samples was viewed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface profile of the each sample was investigated using contact mode with a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM).ResultsThere were no significant differences in surface roughness (Ra and Ry) among BS, ES, and PS group. However, CS group showed significant higher surface roughness (Ra and Ry). The efficiency of CS tip is twice as much higher than that of BS tip, the efficiency of BS tip is 20 times higher than that of PS tip, and the efficiency of BS tip is 90 times higher than that of ES tip.ConclusionNovel metallic copper alloy ultrasonic scaler tips may minimally influence the titanium surface, similar to plastic tip. Therefore, they can be a suitable instrument for implant maintenance therapy.
Osseointegration of dental implants installed without mechanical engagement: a histometric analysis in dogs
Authors: Jung Ui‐Won , Kim Sungtae , Kim Young‐Hee , Cha Jae‐Kook , Lee In‐Seop , Choi Seong‐Ho 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to elucidate the healing pattern of sand‐blasted, large grid, acid‐etched (SLA)‐surfaced implants at two healing periods in a model that represents loosened implants (LIs) installed without mechanical engagement.Material and methodsFive mongrel dogs were used, in which 20 dental implants were prepared. The implants were divided into two groups according to the absence or presence of initial mechanical engagement: LIs) and control, respectively. An oversized drill was used to prepare the implant area for the LI group. The implants were allowed to heal for 4 or 8 weeks. After the healing period, the experimental animals were sacrificed and block sections were obtained for histological analysis and histometric measurements.ResultsAll implants were in intimate contact with the host bone and were without any inflammation after both 4 and 8 weeks of healing. While the mean amount of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) was constant in the control group, it tended to increase in the LI group with increasing healing period. However, neither BIC nor bone density differed significantly between the groups or with the healing period.ConclusionFrom the results of the study, it can be conjectured that the submerged and unloaded SLA‐surfaced implants could result in successful osseointegration, even if the mechanical engagement was not obtained at placement of the implants.
Single‐tooth Morse taper connection implants placed in fresh extraction sockets of the anterior maxilla: an aesthetic evaluation
Authors: Mangano Francesco , Mangano Carlo , Ricci Massimiliano , Sammons Rachel Lilian , Shibli Jamil Awad , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the aesthetic outcome of single‐tooth Morse taper connection implants placed in fresh extraction sockets of the anterior maxilla, by means of the pink aesthetic/white aesthetic score (PES/WES) index.Materials and methodsTwenty‐six adult patients (18 men, 8 women, aged between 20 and 62 years; average: 48.7 years) who were treated with an immediate, single‐tooth Morse taper connection implant (Leone Implant SystemR, Florence, Italy) in the aesthetic area of the anterior maxilla, were enrolled in this retrospective study. An independent calibrated examiner applied the PES/WES index to 26 single‐tooth implant‐supported restorations, respectively, 3 months and 2 years after implant placement.ResultsNo implants were lost. All 26 anterior maxillary single‐tooth implants fulfilled the established success criteria for dental implants with regard to osseointegration, including the absence of pain, suppuration, clinically detectable implant mobility, peri‐implant radiolucency and prosthetic complications at the implant‐abutment interface, with an overall implant‐crown success of 100.0%. At the 2‐year examination, the mean DIB was 0.44 ± 0.14 mm (95% CI: 0.41–0.47); the mean total PES/WES was 14.30 ± 2.78 (range 8–19); the mean PES was 7.30 ± 1.78 (range 4–10) and the mean WES was 7.00 ± 1.35 (range 4–10).ConclusionsThe immediate placement of single‐tooth Morse taper connection implants in the anterior maxilla seems to represent a successful procedure, from an aesthetic point of view. Further studies are needed to evaluate the aesthetic outcome of single‐tooth Morse taper connection implants placed in fresh extraction sockets of the anterior maxilla.
Influence of implants with different sizes and configurations installed immediately into extraction sockets on peri‐implant hard and soft tissues: an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Caneva Marco , Botticelli Daniele , Rossi Fabio , Cardoso Leandro Carvalho , Pantani Fabio , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAimTo study the influence on the healing of soft and hard peri‐implant tissues when implants of different sizes and configurations were installed into sockets immediately after tooth extraction.Material and methodsTransmucosal cylindrical implants, 3.3 mm in diameter in the control sites, and conical 5 mm in diameter in the test sites, were installed into the distal socket of the fourth mandibular premolars in dogs immediately after tooth extraction. After 4 months, the hard and soft tissue healing was evaluated histologically.ResultsAll implants were integrated in mineralized mature bone. Both at the test and control sites, the alveolar crest underwent resorption. The buccal bony surface at the implant test sites (conical; 3.8 mm) was more resorbed compared with the control sites (cylindrical; 1.6 mm). The soft tissue dimensions were similar in both groups. However, in relation to the implant shoulder, the peri‐implant mucosa was located more apically at the test compared with the control sites.ConclusionThe present study confirmed that the distance between the implant surface and the outer contour of the buccal alveolar bony crest influenced the degree of resorption of the buccal bone plate. Consequently, in relation to the implant shoulder, the peri‐implant mucosa will be established at a more apical level, if the distance between the implant surface and the outer contour of the alveolar crest is small.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of NobelActiveTM dental implants
Authors: Ho Danny S. W. , Yeung Stephen C. H. , Zee Kwan Yat , Curtis Bradley , Hell Peter , Tumuluri Vijay 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo conduct a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the short‐term clinical and radiographic efficacy of the NobelActive™ system and to evaluate the relative importance of achieving primary stability at placement.Materials and methodsA total of 32 subjects were recruited and, using a split‐mouth design, the NobelActiveTM implant was compared with a contralaterally matched Brånemark implant. Both implants were placed in a single surgical procedure into healed sites using a one‐stage protocol and reviewed at monthly intervals. NobelActiveTM implants were functionally loaded with provisional restorations at 1 month and all implants were restored with final crowns 3 months post‐implant placement. The implant was assessed using peak insertion torque values, resonance frequency analysis (RFA), clinical parameters, digital subtraction radiography, and cone beam computed tomography.ResultsThe insertion torque was significantly greater for the NobelActiveTM implant group (P = 0.02), although no observable difference in RFA values were found. Preliminary results of 6 months follow‐up suggest comparable clinical and radiographic healing responses between the test and control implants. Within the limits of the sample population, the survival rates were lower with the test implants, although this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe NobelActiveTM implant system requires higher insertion torques and can also achieve greater primary stability compared with a control implant system. Short‐term survival and marginal bone levels of NobelActiveTM and control implants are comparable, although the NobelActiveTM implant system appeared to be more technique‐sensitive.
Exposure to wet work in working Australians
Authors: Keegel Tessa G. , Nixon Rosemary L. , LaMontagne Anthony D. 
Published: September 2011

Background. The Australian National Hazard Exposure Worker Surveillance (NHEWS) Survey 2008 was a cross‐sectional survey undertaken by Safe Work Australia to inform the development of exposure prevention initiatives for occupational disease. This is a descriptive study of workplace exposures.Objectives. To assess the occupational and demographic characteristics of workers reporting exposure to wet work.Methods. Computer‐assisted telephone interviews were conducted with 4500 workers. Two wet work exposure outcomes (frequent washing of hands and duration of time spent at work with the hands immersed in liquids) were analysed.Results. The response rate for the study was 42.3%. For hand‐washing, 9.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.9–10.7] reported washing their hands more than 20 times per day. For immersion of hands in liquids, 4.5% (95% CI 3.9–5.1) reported immersion for more than 2 hr per day. Females were more likely to report exposure to frequent hand‐washing than males [odds ratio (OR) 1.97, 95% CI 1.49–2.61]. Workers in the lowest occupational skill level jobs were more likely to report increased exposure to hands immersed in liquids than those in the highest (OR 6.41, 95% CI 3.78–10.88). Workers reporting skin exposure to chemicals were more likely to report exposure to hand‐washing (OR 3.68, 95% CI 2.91–4.66) and immersion of the hands in liquids (OR 4.09, 95% CI 2.92–5.74).Conclusions. Specific groups of workers reported high levels of exposure to wet work. There were differences between the profiles of workers reporting frequent hand‐washing and workers reporting increased duration of exposure to hands immersed in liquids. We also found a high correlation between wet work and chemical exposure.
Effect of pollen from Typha angustata on hydrogen peroxide induced toxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Lee Young Soon , Choi Eun Mi 
Published: September 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 171–177Background:  Typha angustata is a traditional Chinese medicine, commonly used for a variety of clinical disorders, including atherosclerosis and wound healing. In the present study, the protective effects of T. angustata pollen extract (TE) on the response of osteoblast to oxidative stress were evaluated.Materials and Methods:  Osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells were incubated with H2O2 and/or TE, and markers of osteoblast function and oxidative damage were examined.Results:  TE treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the cytotoxic effect of H2O2 and this effect was blocked by ICI182780, suggesting that TE’s effect might be partly involved in estrogen action. TE significantly (P < 0.05) increased collagen content, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition of osteoblasts in the presence of H2O2 and these effects were blocked by rottlerin and PD98059, suggesting that the induction of differentiation by TE is associated with increased activation of protein kinase C and ERK. Moreover, H2O2‐induced reduction of osteocalcin was significantly recovered in the presence of TE. Pretreatment with TE also decreased the increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kB ligand, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl induced by H2O2.Conclusion:  These results suggest that the pollen of T. angustata may be useful for the protection of H2O2‐induced oxidative damage and dysfunction in osteoblasts.
Arts‐based data collection techniques used in child research
Authors: Driessnack Martha , Furukawa Ryoko 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose.  The purpose of this study was to identify the different arts‐based techniques being used in health‐related research with children.Design and Methods.  A systematic survey of literature was conducted.Results.  Two hundred and ten articles were initially identified and reviewed. Of these, 116 met inclusion criteria of arts‐based techniques in research with children 7–12 years of age. The different categories of techniques identified included (a) drawings, (b) photographs, (c) graphics, and (d) artifacts. Only 19% of the studies were health related. Further, 79% were conducted outside the United States, revealing that arts‐based techniques appear to be underused by nurses and other healthcare researchers, especially in the United States.Practice Implications.  To ensure that children actively engage in research involving them, nurses can familiarize themselves with and advocate for the use of arts‐based techniques.
Improving the interpretation of ‘less than’ values in environmental monitoring
Authors: Gardner Mike 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper reviews the approaches used to deal with the interpretation of measurements reported as ‘less than’ a stated reporting limit. The principal current methodologies are examined and their shortcomings discussed. Recent key papers on the subject are summarised. It is concluded that lack of easy‐to‐use alternative methods have led to the continued use of substitution methods that are acknowledged to be biased. With the aim of promoting a more technically sound approach to dealing with ‘less than’ data, a supplementary spreadsheet tool is supplied to provide the reader with ready introductory access to a simple way to apply maximum likelihood methods. Recommendations and simple guidelines for better practice are provided.
The Role of Magnesium in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Houston Mark 
Published: September 2011

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:843–847. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Magnesium intake of 500 mg/d to 1000 mg/d may reduce blood pressure (BP) as much as 5.6/2.8 mm Hg. However, clinical studies have a wide range of BP reduction, with some showing no change in BP. The combination of increased intake of magnesium and potassium coupled with reduced sodium intake is more effective in reducing BP than single mineral intake and is often as effective as one antihypertensive drug in treating hypertension. Reducing intracellular sodium and calcium while increasing intracellular magnesium and potassium improves BP response. Magnesium also increases the effectiveness of all antihypertensive drug classes. It remains to be conclusively proven that cardiovascular disease such as coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and cardiac arrhythmias can be prevented or treated with magnesium intake. Preliminary evidence suggests that insulin sensitivity, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular hypertrophy, and dyslipidemia may be improved with increased magnesium intake. Various genetic defects in magnesium transport are associated with hypertension and possibly with cardiovascular disease. Oral magnesium acts as a natural calcium channel blocker, increases nitric oxide, improves endothelial dysfunction, and induces direct and indirect vasodilation.
Tregs in infection and vaccinology: heroes or traitors?
Authors: Berod Luciana , Puttur Franz , Huehn Jochen , Sparwasser Tim 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe development of effective vaccines against life‐threatening pathogens in human diseases represents one of the biggest challenges in biomedical science. Vaccines traditionally make use of the body's own immune armoury to combat pathogens. Yet, while our immune system is mostly effective in eliminating or controlling a diverse range of microorganisms, its responses are incomplete or somewhat limited in several other cases. How immune responses are restrained during certain infections has been a matter of debate for many years. The discovery of regulatory T cells (Tregs), an immune cell type that plays a central role in maintaining immune homeostasis and controlling appropriate immune responses, has shed light into many questions. Indeed, it has been proposed that while Tregs might be beneficial in preventing excessive tissue damage during infection, they might also favour pathogen persistence by restraining effector immune responses. In addition, Tregs are believed to limit immune responses upon vaccination. Different strategies have been pursued to circumvent Treg activity during immunization, but the lack of specific tools for their study has led sometimes to controversial conclusions. With the advent of novel mouse models that allow specific depletion and/or tracking of Treg populations in vivo, novel aspects of Treg biology during infection have been unravelled. In this review, we describe the new advances in understanding Treg biology during infection and evaluate Treg depletion as a novel adjuvant strategy for vaccination.