bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Growth Hormone Secretion in Nursing Ewes: An Involvement of μ‐Receptor Subtype
Authors: Górski K , Misztal T , Dobek E , Molik E , Romanowicz K 
Published: December 2011

ContentsSuckling by newborns induces a surge of lactogenic hormones, that is prolactin and growth hormone (GH), in mother’s body, with endogenous opioid peptide (EOP) participating in generation of this surge. The aim of the current study was to investigate which types of opioid receptors are involved in generation of the GH surge in ewes during suckling. A series of intracerebroventricular infusions of opioid receptors antagonists: naloxone (for all types of receptors), naloxonazine (specific for μ receptor) and 5′‐guanidinonaltrindole (GNTI – specific for κ receptor) and the vehicle (control) were performed in nursing sheep during the fifth week of lactation. All infusions were carried out in a serial manner: five 30‐min infusions (60 μg/60 μl) from 10:00 to 15:00, at 30‐min intervals. The period of the experiment consisted of the non‐suckling (10:00–12:30) and suckling (12:30–15:00) periods. Simultaneously, blood samples were collected at 10‐min intervals to determine plasma GH concentration by radioimmunoassay. Suckling evoked a rapid increase in GH concentration in control ewes. Naloxone and naloxonazine significantly decreased both the basal GH release in the non‐suckling period and the suckling‐induced GH surge. Specifically, the suppressive effect concerned either the duration or the amplitude of the GH surge. In contrast, GNTI did not significantly affect the GH release. In conclusion, the EOPs may affect the regulatory process of GH secretion in lactating sheep, especially through μ opioid receptor.
Banteng and Bali Cattle in Indonesia: Status and Forecasts
Authors: Purwantara B , Noor RR , Andersson G , Rodriguez‐Martinez H 
Published: December 2011

ContentsBali cattle still represents 27% of the total cattle population in Indonesia, and it is considered the pillar breed for small farmers. Moreover, it is a breed of evolutionary importance regarding its direct ancestry from Banteng. However, there is a need for the establishment of a rational system for the evaluation of breeding soundness for indigenous Bali bulls to be used as sires for artificial insemination breeding programmes. Moreover, there is a need for cryobanking of well‐identified genetic resources pertaining their use in evolutionary research and application as essential germplasm in breeding programmes.
A Global Strategy of Using Molecular Genetic Information to Improve Genetics in Livestock
Authors: Margawati ET 
Published: December 2011

ContentsTraditional breeding programmes have largely contributed to disseminate the benefits of several quantitative traits in livestock. In developing countries such as Indonesia where animal population scattered throughout the country, it is difficult to invest for molecular research. On the other side, yet, it is worthy asset for breeding purposes. Based on theory and evidence, it has been proved that those scattered population evolved different genetic adaptations in response to a given natural pressure selection. A global strategy can be applied to the use of molecular genetic information for identification of economically important value. The use of genetic markers or more effective of marker‐assisted selection (MAS) for desired important traits would be more valuable and useful and even more efficient in important trait selection of superior livestock. DNA marker technology would be very useful when applied for quantitative trait identification. Marker‐assisted selection can be used for enhancing conventional breeding and works best for the traits with low heritability such as in reproductive traits and disease resistance. Application of conventional breeding for lower heredity traits would not be efficient because of waiting longer for generation interval, expensive in measurements, more population and more employees needed. Study of quantitative trait loci mapping is early investment to improve genetic merit. It can be performed once but can be used for exploring many genetic traits with economically important values. An effective option is biotechnology application in livestock for the development of genetic varieties such as stress tolerance, growth and carcass traits. Application of biotechnology approaches will enable improvement in productivity, reduction in costs, enrichment of milk compositions and extension of shelf life products.
The Origin of Indonesian Cattle and Conservation Genetics of the Bali Cattle Breed
Authors: Mohamad K , Olsson M , Andersson G , Purwantara B , van Tol HTA , Rodriguez‐Martinez H , Colenbrander B , Lenstra JA 
Published: December 2011

ContentsBoth Bos indicus (zebu) and Bos javanicus (banteng) contribute to the Indonesian indigenous livestock, which is supposedly of a mixed species origin, not by direct breeding but by secondary cross‐breeding. Here, the analysis of mitochondrial, Y‐chromosomal and microsatellite DNA showed banteng introgression of 10–16% in Indonesian zebu breeds with East‐Javanese Madura and Galekan cattle having higher levels of autosomal banteng introgression (20–30%) and combine a zebu paternal lineage with a predominant (Madura) or even complete (Galekan) maternal banteng origin. Two Madura bulls carried taurine Y‐chromosomal haplotypes, presumably of French Limousin origin. There was no evidence for zebu introgression in five populations of the Bali cattle, a domestic form of the banteng.
A single centre melanoma thickness trend (1985–2009) in relation to skin areas accessible and non‐accessible to self‐inspection
Authors: Rubegni Pietro , Rossi Stefania , Nami Niccolò , Risulo Massimiliano , Biagioli Maurizio , Miracco Clelia , Fimiani Michele 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBackground/Objectives:  Melanoma has become a major public health problem worldwide and its incidence in individuals of Caucasian origin continues to rise. The objective was to determine historical changes in thickness, melanoma proportions and anatomical site of presentation over a 25‐year period in our Department.Methods:  This was a historical retrospective study (January 1985 to December 2009). Only patients born and living in Italy were considered. The following parameters were evaluated: age, gender, year of diagnosis, site of primitive lesion (head, back, chest, anterior and posterior upper limbs, anterior and posterior lower limb, and acral sites) and Breslow thickness of the lesion.Results:  In the 25‐year period, 993 cases of melanoma were diagnosed. The total number of cases per year tripled between 1985–1989 and 1995–1999 and more than doubled between 1995–1999 and 2005–2009. Our results also revealed that thicker melanomas were more frequent in elderly patients and on parts of the body that cannot be readily self‐inspected.Conclusion:  The importance of observation of the posterior parts of the body is stressed, since not only did most melanomas arise in these sites but the diagnosis of lesions in these sites is often delayed.
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis
Authors: Fernando Suran L 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAcute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a severe cutaneous adverse reaction and is caused by drugs in >90% of cases. It is rare, with an incidence of 1–5 patients per million per year. The clinical manifestations are characterised by fever and the rapid appearance of disseminated sterile pustules 3–5 days after the commencement of treatment. It is accompanied by marked neutrophilia. Mucous membranes are not typically involved. The drugs conferring the highest risk of AGEP according to the EuroSCAR study are aminopenicillins, pristinamycin, hydroxychloroquine, antibacterial sulphonamides, terbinafine and diltiazem. The pathogenesis of AGEP involves the initial influx of CD8 cytotoxic T‐cells resulting in the apoptosis of keratinocytes and formation of vesicles. Then CXCL‐8‐producing and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor‐producing CD4 cells enter the epidermis, resulting in neutrophil mediated inflammation and the formation of pustules. As a result, the histology reveals intraepidermal, usually subcorneal, pustules and an accompanying neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltrate. Epicutaneous patch testing may also support the diagnosis by causing a localised pustular reaction 48–96 h after the offending drug is applied. The condition usually resolves by 15 days after the causative drug is withdrawn but oral corticosteroid therapy may be necessary in some individuals. The mortality rate is up to 5% and mostly occurs in elderly people who have significant comorbidities.
Occupational therapy students’ perspectives regarding international cross‐cultural experiences
Authors: Humbert Tamera Keiter , Burket Allison , Deveney Rebecca , Kennedy Katelyn 
Published: December 2011

Background:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the perspectives of occupational therapy students who have engaged in international, cross‐cultural learning and service experiences.Methods:  This study utilized a qualitative, phenomenological design. Nine semi‐structured interviews were conducted with students who engaged in international learning opportunities. The interviews were coded and analyzed using a constant comparative analysis approach.Results:  Three central themes emerged from the data anlysis. Connectedness is the process of forming relationships with others while engaging in cross‐cultural experiences. Students formed relationships with faculty, other students, and people within the community. Cultural awareness is the recognition and understanding of a different culture and responding to those differences. Students attempted to understand the new culture in comparison to their own lived experiences. Complexity portrays cross‐cultural opportunities as dynamic, multi‐faceted and intricate. This was demonstrated as the students raised additional questions about the conflict between their own culture and the new culture they entered. Students also identified limited orientation, support and structure with such experiences and the conflicting roles between volunteer, student, and team member.Conclusions:  The ability to connect with others when building relationships in diverse cultural contexts held meaning for the students; however, the students also expressed conflict in trying to make sense of the new culture as it often challenged personal beliefs and constructs. The complexity and challenges of engaging in these opportunities needs to be recognized and further explored to assess how curricula and faculty best supports culturally responsive care.
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the seminal vesicle
Authors: Yasunaga Yutaka , Ueda Takafumi , Kodama Yoshinori , Oka Toshitsugu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe describe an extremely rare case of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the seminal vesicle. A 67‐year‐old man presented with a left humeral bone tumor resulting in a pathological fracture. Positron emission tomography scan disclosed a large pelvic tumor mimicking prostatic cancer invading into the seminal vesicle. Laboratory data showed an elevation of neuron‐specific enolase, despite the normal prostate‐specific antigen. Transrectal needle biopsy showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma of the right seminal vesicle and the metastasis of the pelvic lymph node. Immunohistochemical results were compatible with the features of neuroendocrine carcinoma; synaptophysin, chromogranin A and CD 56 were positive. The previously biopsied bone tumor was finally diagnosed as a metastasis. A systemic chemotherapy using etoposide and cisplatin failed. The patient died of cancer one‐and‐a‐half years later.
Endoscopic band ligation versus argon plasma coagulation for gastric antral vascular ectasia associated with liver diseases
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Yamazaki Katsu , Akaike Jun 
Published: December 2011

Aim:  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features and the efficacy of endoscopic treatments in treating gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) in association with liver diseases.Methods:  Thirty‐four patients with the characteristic endoscopic findings of GAVE were enrolled. Endoscopic treatments were carried out for all 34 patients, including argon plasma coagulation (APC) in 22 patients and endoscopic band ligation (EBL) in 12 patients.Results:  All 34 patients had iron‐deficiency anemia and 21 patients also had a history of tarry stools. The underlying pathologies of chronic liver diseases were liver cirrhosis in 26 patients, liver cirrhosis associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in six, and idiopathic portal hypertension in two. The liver function was classified by Child–Pugh classification: class A (n = 6), class B (n = 21), and class C (n = 7). Antral motility was frequent and intense in all 34 GAVE patients. In the 22 patients who received APC, endoscopies revealed the recurrence of GAVE in 15 patients requiring further treatment by APC (recurrence rate, 68.2%). Seven patients died during the follow‐up period, including two cases with bleeding‐related deaths. In the 12 patients who received EBL, endoscopies revealed the recurrence of GAVE in one patient requiring further treatment by EBL (recurrence rate, 8.3%). Two patients died during the follow‐up period, neither were bleeding‐related deaths.Conclusions:  The results suggest that GAVE is related to severe liver damage and portal hypertension. APC has a high recurrence rate of GAVE in the medium term after treatment. EBL may be useful as a treatment for GAVE.
Endoscopic management of hepatic hydatid cyst with biliary communication
Authors: Sharma Barjesh C , Reddy Ravisankar S , Garg Vishal 
Published: December 2011

Background and Aim:  A serious complication of hepatic hydatid cyst disease is communication between the cyst and the biliary tree. Surgical management of biliary fistulas is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We carried out a prospective study of endoscopic management of hydatid cysts communicating with bile ducts in 28 patients.Methods:  Presence of biliary fistula was suspected by jaundice and/or persistent external biliary fistula after surgical excision and was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Patients underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy, and either biliary stenting or nasobiliary drainage. Nasobiliary drains were removed when bile leakage stopped and closure of the fistula was confirmed by cholangiography; stents were removed after 4–6 weeks.Results:  Of 120 patients with hepatic hydatid cyst seen over a 10‐year period, 28 patients developed fistula between the hepatic hydatid cyst and intrahepatic bile ducts (right intrahepatic bile ducts in 20 patients, left intrahepatic bile ducts in eight patients). Nine of 28 patients had persistent external biliary fistula after surgery. Ten patients showed membranes in bile ducts on cholangiography. We carried out either sphincterotomy with insertion of a nasobiliary drain (n = 6) or sphincterotomy with biliary stenting (n = 22). In 10 patients, the membranes were removed from bile ducts during ERCP. Fistulas healed in all patients after a median time of 11 days (range 5–45 days) after endoscopic treatment. We were able to remove nasobiliary drainage catheters and stents 8–45 days after placement.Conclusions:  Endoscopic therapy is an effective mode of treatment for biliary fistulas complicating hepatic hydatid cyst.
ENDOSCOPIC ABLATION THERAPY FOR GASTROINTESTINAL SUPERFICIAL NEOPLASIA
Authors: MUGURUMA NAOKI , OKAMOTO KOICHI , KIMURA TETSUO , KISHI KAZUHIRO , OKAHISA TOSHIYA , OKAMURA SEISUKE , TAKAYAMA TETSUJI 
Published: December 2011

Aim:  In Japan, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have been widely accepted and standardized for the treatment of gastrointestinal superficial neoplasia.Methods:  In contrast, mucosal ablation techniques are more common in Western countries and a variety of endoscopic ablation modalities, including argon plasma coagulation (APC), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and lasers, are used.Results:  Recently developed modalities such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryotherapy are also available for the treatment of superficial lesions such as dysplasia of Barrett's esophagus.Conclusion:  Although we should understand that the completeness of destruction of neoplastic tissue can only be judged at follow up, endoscopic ablation is a viable alternative to endoscopic resection for dysplasia and early‐stage malignancies, especially for poor candidates of surgery or endoscopic resection.
Hepatitis B status in migrants and refugees: increasing health burden in Western Australia
Authors: Subramaniam K. , Flexman J. , Tarquinio L. , Thambiran A. , Hopkins S. , Cheng W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  In light of increasing migration from endemic countries with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), this study describes the changing epidemiology of CHB patients born outside Australia referred to a tertiary hospital in Western Australia. It aims to stratify risk and progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma according to viral factors and to provide an indication of the growing burden of disease and current and future treatment costs.Methods:  Demographic, serological and biochemical data were obtained from patients with CHB between July 2002 and December 2008. Hepatitis B virus DNA quantification was performed to assess baseline viral loads in the patients. Total cost estimates for surveillance and treatment are based on probabilities of the population anticipated to be at a given stage of the disease in a given year.Results:  There is a progressive increase in referrals (n = 478) with the majority coming from Asia (57%) and Africa (35%). The mean age of Africans is 11 years less than that of Asians, with a lower proportion of Africans having hepatitis B virus DNA > 2000 IU/mL compared with Asians (36.7% vs 54.3%). Approximately 50% of CHB patients referred are at risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma unless treated. Without treatment, a substantial increase in cost over 10 years (from $401 460 to $2 027 078) is estimated at 400%.Conclusion:  This study highlights the increasing burden of CHB in Western Australia, from people born in endemic countries, in particular, the direct costs of treatment. It will help to develop strategies that can be tailored to Western Australia with appropriate allocation of resources.
Pharmacokinetic profiles of epidural bupivacaine and ropivacaine following single‐shot and continuous epidural use in young infants
Authors: Calder Alyson , Bell Graham T. , Andersson Martin , Thomson Alison H. , Watson David G. , Morton Neil S. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryAims:  The primary aim of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of total and unbound bupivacaine and ropivacaine following epidural bolus and infusion in neonates and young infants. Secondary aims were to investigate the influence of alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) on the concentration–time profiles and to determine the efficacy and adverse event profile of the epidural regimen.Methods/Materials:  Thirty‐one infants aged 40–63 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) undergoing hernia repair or abdominal surgery received an epidural injection of 1.5 mg·kg−1 bupivacaine (0.25%) or ropivacaine (0.2%) followed 2 h later by an infusion of 0.2 mg·kg−1·h−1 in those undergoing abdominal surgery. Total and unbound concentrations of bupivacaine and ropivacaine were analyzed using nonmem. Hourly pain scores and adverse effects were recorded.Results:  Bupivacaine data were available from 11 infants (five had infusions) and ropivacaine from 13 infants (four had infusions). Alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein and total bupivacaine and ropivacaine concentrations accumulated during infusions, but unbound concentrations did not. Maximum unbound concentrations for bupivacaine and ropivacaine were 0.12 mg·l−1 (bupivacaine) and 0.13 mg·l−1 (ropivacaine). Typical clearance/bioavailability estimates of total (unbound) bupivacaine were 0.215 (4.65) l·h−1·kg−1 and of total (unbound) ropivacaine were 0.288 (3.31) l·h−1·kg−1. Pain scores requiring pain team referral occurred once with bupivacaine and four times with ropivacaine. No toxicity was observed.Conclusions:  Epidural infusions of 0.2 mg−1·kg−1·h−1 bupivacaine or ropivacaine appeared to be well tolerated and efficacious in this population. No accumulation of unbound drug concentrations occurred.
Ocular lesions following suspected lightning injury in a horse
Authors: Evans Paige M. , Armour Micki D. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose  To describe the gross and histopathological ocular findings in a horse following suspected lightning injury.Methods  The eyes of a 2‐year‐old thoroughbred gelding were clinically and histopathologically evaluated following a severe lightning storm following euthanasia because of visual impairment.Results  Severe corneal edema and hydrops were noted clinically oculus dexter. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed bilateral symmetrical raised hyporeflective peripapillary geographic lesions. Histopathologic evaluation revealed corneal edema in the right eye with normal corneal endothelium. Posterior segment evaluation revealed localized, pericentral choroidal lesions characterized by the presence of hemorrhage, early fibrosis, and minimal lymphoplasmacytic, neutrophilic, and histiocytic inflammation with spindle cell proliferation. The retinas overlying the choroidal lesions were necrotic and mostly absent. Peripheral to the focal lesion, the retina abruptly returned to normal architecture peripheral to a zone of apoptotic photoreceptors. Centrally, swollen axons extended into the optic disc.Conclusions  There have been few descriptions of ocular lesions in animals following suspected lightning injury. We believe these findings to be unique because of the type of thermal injury that may be characteristic of lightening injury. We do not know whether these lesions would have progressed over time.
Effect of exposure to non‐esterified fatty acid on progressive deterioration of insulin secretion in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Morita S. , Shimajiri Y. , Sakagashira S. , Furuta M. , Sanke T. 
Published: December 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 980–985 (2012)AbstractAim  The aim of the study was to determine whether fasting serum non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) could be associated with long‐term progressive deterioration of insulin secretion in patients with Type 2 diabetes.Methods  Seventy‐seven Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes (mean BMI 23.3 kg/m2) were followed for 10 years. We measured fasting C‐peptide level every 1–2 years. By using the slope of regression line between fasting C‐peptide level and duration, we calculated its individual annual decline as an index of insulin secretion. During the follow‐up periods of C‐peptide, the patients were evaluated for fasting serum non‐esterified fatty acid, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and HbA1c levels for the last 8 years. We excluded patients who had renal dysfunction or anti‐insulin antibodies from among the insulin‐treated patients. Association between the individual annual decline of fasting C‐peptide level and related factors were evaluated.Results  The mean individual annual decline of fasting serum C‐peptide level was −0.013 ± 0.027 nmol/l/year. Fasting serum non‐esterified fatty acid level had no significant difference between the first and the last 2 years of the 8‐year observation period of non‐esterified fatty acid. Using multiple regression analysis, mean fasting serum non‐esterified fatty acid level was associated with the individual annual decline of fasting serum C‐peptide level (standardized regression coefficient −0.358, P = 0.0056), although other related factors, including HbA1c level, were not associated.Conclusions  Mean fasting serum non‐esterified fatty acid level during an 8‐year observation was independently associated with long‐term progressive deterioration of insulin secretion in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.