bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of an in vitro biotinylation technique for determination of posttransfusion survival of fresh and stored autologous red blood cells in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Owens Sean D. , Johns Jennifer L. , Walker Naomi J. , Librach Fred A. , Carrade Danielle D. , Tablin Fern , Borjesson Dori L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-biotin labeling of equine RBCs and determine posttransfusion survival of autologous equine RBCs stored in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 (CPDA-1) for 0, 1, 14, and 28 days.
Animals—13 healthy adult Thoroughbreds.
Procedures—Serial dilutions of biotin and streptavidin-phycoerythrin (PE) were evaluated in vitro in blood collected from 3 horses. One horse was used to determine RBC distribution and recovery. Twelve horses were allocated to 4 groups for in vivo experiments in which blood was collected into CPDA-1. Blood was labeled with biotin and reinfused or stored at 4°C for 1, 14, or 28 days prior to labeling with NHS-biotin and reinfusion. Posttransfusion blood samples were collected 15 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after reinfusion. Biotin-labeled RBCs were detected via flow cytometry by use of streptavidin-PE. Posttransfusion lifespan of RBCs and RBC half-life were determined.
Results—Optimal biotin concentration was 0.04 pg of biotin/RBC, and the optimal streptavidin-PE ratio was 1.2 μg of streptavidin-PE/1 × 106 RBCs. Posttransfusion lifespan of autologous RBCs was 99, 89, 66, and 59 days after storage for 0, 1, 14, and 28 days, respectively. Storage did not result in significant alterations in RBC lifespan. Mean posttransfusion RBC half-life was 50, 45, 33, and 29 days for 0, 1, 14, and 28 days of storage, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Biotin can be used to label equine RBCs for RBC survival studies. Posttransfusion survival of equine autologous RBCs was greater than previously reported.
In vitro comparison of two centrally threaded, positive-profile transfixation pin designs for use in third metacarpal bones in horses
Authors: Bubeck Kirstin A. , García-Lopez José M. , Jenei Thomas M. , Maranda Louise S. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Objective—To compare heat generation during insertion, pullout strength, and associated microdamage between a self-tapping positive profile transfixation pin (STTP) and nontapping positive profile transfixation pin (NTTP).
Sample Population—30 pairs of third metacarpal bones (MC3s) from adult equine cadavers.
Procedures—One MC3 of each pair was assigned to the STTP group; the other was assigned to the NTTP group. The assigned pin was inserted into the diaphysis in a lateral to medial direction. Bone temperature increase during pilot-hole drilling and pin insertion was recorded at 1 mm from the final thread position with wire thermocouples at cis and trans cortices. Resistance to axial extraction before and after cyclic loading was measured in a material testing device, and microstructural damage caused by transfixation pin insertion was assessed with scanning electron microscopy.
Results—The STTP group developed a significant increase in bone temperature, compared with the NTTP group. No significant difference was found between the mean maximal pullout strength of the STTP and the NTTP in both non–cyclic-loaded and cyclic-loaded groups. Microdamage to the bone-pin interface was lower when the STTP versus the NTTP was used, but more bone debris was apparent after inserting the STTP.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Because of the significant increase in temperature generation and debris accumulation despite similar pullout strengths and lesser microfracture formation, the STTP likely poses a higher risk of bone necrosis and potential loosening than the NTTP. This might be corrected by redesign of the tapping aspect of the STTP.
Influence of seed rate and method of sowing on the performance of Bilatidhonia (<i>Eryngium foetidum</i> L.)
Authors: Mozumder SN , Moniruzzaman M , Rahman SMM , Sarker PC , Faisal SM 
Published: August 2010

A field experiment was conducted at ARS, Raikhali, Rangamati during October, 2003 to July 2005 to determine the optimum spacing and seed rate to maximize yield and profitability of Bilatidhonia (Eryngium foetidum L.). A factorial randomized complete block design was followed consisting four methods of sowing (D1 = broadcast, D2 = line sowing (10 cm), D3 = line sowing (15 cm), and D4 = line sowing (20 cm) and three levels of seed rate viz., S1 = 20, S2 = 30, and S3 = 40 kg/ha. Broadcasting and closer spacing (10 cm) with 40 kg seeds/ha showed better performance in respect of yield, yield attributes and profitability. The maximum number of plants/rn2 (590), fresh yield (46.89 t/ha), gross return (Tk. 1031 thousand), gross margin (Tk. 858.1 thousand/ha) and benefit cost ratio (5.32) were obtained from broadcast method of sowing with 40 kg-seed/ha.Keywords: Seed rate and method of sowing; Eryngium foetidum. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5885Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 227-234, June 2010
<i>In vitro</i> shoot regeneration through anther culture of <i>Brassica</i> spp.
Authors: Sayem MA , Maniruzzaman M , Siddique SS , Al-Amin M 
Published: August 2010

The experiment was conducted to investigate the performance of three different genotypes (BARI Sarisha-6, BARI Sarisha-8, and BARI Sarisha-11) in two different media viz., MS and B5 with different concentrations of phytohormone (2, 4-D) for callus induction from uninucleate stage anthers of Brassica and subsequent plant regeneration in MS media with different concentrations of phytohormone (BAP and NAA). Among the genotypes, BARI Sarisha-8 showed the best performance for all the parameters of callus induction. The performance of BARI Sarisha-6 was poor compared to others. Maximum rate of callus induction (%) was observed in MS + 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D followed by B5 + 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D. The media combination MS + 1.0 mg/L BAP 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D showed the best performance for maintenance of calli. Significant variations were observed among the genotypes and media composition for shoot regeneration. Among the genotypes, BARI Sarisha-8 showed the best performance for shoot regeneration followed by BARJ Sarisha-l1. The genotype BARI Sarisha-8 produced higher percent of shoots/calli and required minimum days for shoot initiation. Higher percent calli without shoot were produced by the genotype BARI Sarisha-6. The media combination MS + 2.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L NAA showed the best performance for shoot regeneration and required maximum days for shoot initiation. Keywords: Regeneration; BARI Sarisha-6; BARI Sarisha-8; BARI Sarisha-11; anther culture; phytohormone DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5896Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 331-341, June 2010
Organic Semiconductor Growth and Morphology Considerations for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Virkar Ajay A. , Mannsfeld Stefan , Bao Zhenan , Stingelin Natalie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAnalogous to conventional inorganic semiconductors, the performance of organic semiconductors is directly related to their molecular packing, crystallinity, growth mode, and purity. In order to achieve the best possible performance, it is critical to understand how organic semiconductors nucleate and grow. Clever use of surface and dielectric modification chemistry can allow one to control the growth and morphology, which greatly influence the electrical properties of the organic transistor. In this Review, the nucleation and growth of organic semiconductors on dielectric surfaces is addressed. The first part of the Review concentrates on small‐molecule organic semiconductors. The role of deposition conditions on film formation is described. The modification of the dielectric interface using polymers or self‐assembled mono­layers and their effect on organic‐semiconductor growth and performance is also discussed. The goal of this Review is primarily to discuss the thin‐film formation of organic semiconducting species. The patterning of single crystals is discussed, while their nucleation and growth has been described elsewhere (see the Review by Liu et. al).1The second part of the Review focuses on polymeric semiconductors. The dependence of physico‐chemical properties, such as chain length (i.e., molecular weight) of the constituting macromolecule, and the influence of small molecular species on, e.g., melting temperature, as well as routes to induce order in such macromolecules, are described.
A Selective and Benign Synthesis of Functionalized Benzalacetones via Mizoroki–Heck Reaction Using Aryldiazonium Salts
Authors: Stern Therese , Rückbrod Sven , Czekelius Constantin , Donner Constanze , Brunner Heiko 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck reactions were carried out in the presence of calcium carbonate in alcoholic solvents. Under these conditions an efficient preparation of functionalized benzalacetones was developed. The reactions were carried out at room temperature and aerobic conditions, giving the products within several minutes in up to 95% isolated yields. Furthermore, some kinetic investigations, mechanistic insights and considerations are presented.
The Origin of the High Enantioselectivity in Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Unfunctionalized Olefins
Authors: Zheng Yiying , Zhang Jingping 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of the asymmetric Simmons–Smith cyclopropanation for unfunctionalized olefins was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The calculated results of model reactions showed that the coordinated Lewis acidic zinc halide ZnX2 (X=Cl, I) and/or halomethylzinc halide XZnCH2X in the catalyst play an important role in the enantioselectivity. The catalyst not only forms the ring with the substance in the reaction centre, but also establishes two steric repulsions that can lead to an explanation for the high enantioselectivity. Hence, these results highlight some important insights for the prerequisites of an effective catalyst and a proper substrate towards high enantioselectivity for this kind of reaction.
A Thiourea‐Oxazoline Library with Axial Chirality: Ligand Synthesis and Studies of the Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Bis(methoxycarbonylation) of Terminal Olefins
Authors: Gao Ying‐Xiang , Chang Le , Shi Hang , Liang Bo , Wongkhan Kittiya , Chaiyaveij Duangduan , Batsanov Andrei S. , Marder Todd B. , Li Chuang‐Chuang , Yang Zhen , Huang Yong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report herein the synthesis of novel chiral S,N‐heterobidentate thiourea‐oxazoline ligands and their application to palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective bis(methoxycarbonylation)s of terminal olefins under mild conditions. Copper salts were found to play multiple roles in this reaction. Substituted 2‐phenylsuccinates were obtained in >90% yield and up to 84% ee under optimized conditions.
Catalytic, Asymmetric Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions of Pyrrole‐ and Furan‐Based Dienoxy Silanes: How the Diene Heteroatom Impacts Stereocontrol
Authors: Curti Claudio , Ranieri Beatrice , Battistini Lucia , Rassu Gloria , Zambrano Vincenzo , Pelosi Giorgio , Casiraghi Giovanni , Zanardi Franca 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDenmark’s chiral bisphosphoramide/silicon tetrachloride system performs as an excellent Lewis base‐Lewis acid catalyst for the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction of pyrrole‐ and furan‐based dienoxy silanes with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes. This asymmetric methodology provides a powerful synthetic entry to a variety of δ‐hydroxylated γ‐butenolide‐type frameworks with high efficiency and valuable margins of regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity. Notably, the nature of the heteroatom within the vinylogous dienoxy silane donor heavily impacts the diastereocontrol, with syn‐configured aldol adducts emerging from pyrroles bearing electron‐withdrawing N‐protecting groups (Boc, Ts, and Cbz) and anti‐configured adducts prevailing when furan‐ or N‐alkyl/alkenylpyrrole donors are involved.
Well‐Defined Allylnickel Chloride/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene [(NHC)Ni(allyl)Cl] Complexes as Highly Active Precatalysts for CN and CS Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Iglesias María José , Prieto Auxiliadora , Nicasio M. Carmen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe room temperature Buchwald–Hartwig amination of heteroaromatic chlorides has been achieved using the sterically bulky allylnickel chloride/N‐heterocyclic carbene [(IPr)Ni(allyl)Cl] complex as a well‐defined precatalyst. Arylation of aromatic thiols, affording high yields of products under low catalyst loadings, has also been promoted with the same complex.
Asymmetric Ring Opening of Benzo‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptadienes with Cationic Rhodium Complexes
Authors: Preetz Angelika , Kohrt Christina , Drexler Hans‐Joachim , Torrens Antoni , Buschmann Helmut , Lopez Monica Garcia , Heller Detlef 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe efficient design of stereochemically challenging ring systems by ring opening of heterobicyclic alkenes has become a very important reaction in the chemistry of CC and CX bond formation. By using the hitherto applied in situ technique for the generation of the μ2‐bridged, dimeric neutral rhodium complexes, however, the catalytically active species and its concentration remained unidentified. Furthermore, the reaction temperature is at least 80 °C. The application of cationic rhodium(I) solvate complexes (that no longer contain blocking diolefins) shows that a much greater activity and enantioselectivity for the synthesis of 1,2‐dihydro‐1‐naphthols can be reached than was described so far, even at ambient temperature. NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray analysis show that a product inhibition during the ring opening reaction takes place that is independent of the nucleophile.
Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Glycine Derivatives with N‐Tosylimines using Copper(I)/TF‐BiphamPhos Complex
Authors: Liang Gang , Tong Min‐Chao , Tao Haiyan , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe direct asymmetric Mannich reaction of glycine Schiff bases with N‐tosylimines has been developed with the tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate [Cu(CH3CN)4BF4]/TF‐BiphamPhos complex. This catalytic system performs well over a broad range of substrates, furnishing anti‐adducts of various α,β‐diamino acid esters in good yields with up to 94:6 diastereoselectivity and 97% enantioselectivity.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives Directly from Terminal Alkynes via Sequential Ruthenium(II) and Acid Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Min , Roisnel Thierry , Dixneuf Pierre H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA convenient one‐pot synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted, 2,3,6‐trisubstituted, and 2,3,6,7‐tetrasubstituted quinoline analogues from terminal alkynes via sequential ruthenium(II) and para‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TSA) co‐catalyzed reactions is described. The catalytic process is shown to take place first via intermediate formation of an allyl ketone and then addition of an aniline derivative to the allyl ketone. The p‐TSA is a catalyst for both allyl ketone and quinoline synthetic steps. The method allowed us to synthesize a wide range of quinoline derivatives and introduce different substituents by employing various simple starting materials. The reaction allows the synthesis of halogen‐containing products.
Asymmetric Lithiation of Boron Trifluoride‐Activated Aminoferrocenes: An Experimental and Computational Investigation
Authors: Metallinos Costa , Zaifman Josh , Dudding Travis , Van Belle Lori , Taban Keivan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTertiary aminoferrocenes complexed to boron trifluoride (BF3) are shown to undergo asymmetric lithiation with alkyllithiums in the presence of bulky chiral 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane ligands. This reaction represents the first BF3‐activated asymmetric lithiation of a prochiral aromatic amine and the first such transformation to be mediated by a chiral diamine other than (−)‐sparteine. The process provides rapid access to a broad range of enantiomerically enriched 2‐substituted‐1‐aminoferrocenes, including derivatives with uncommon substitution patterns that are of interest in catalysis. The enantioselectivity of the process is high enough (87:13 to 91:9 er) to allow for isolation of single enantiomers of several products after simple recrystallization as either the free aminoferrocenes or their ammonium fluoroborate salts. Both antipodes of the planar chiral 2‐substituted‐1‐aminoferrocene products are accessible, as confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of two compounds with opposite relative stereochemistry. Single‐point calculation of thirty‐two different transition states of the reaction at the M06‐2X/6‐311+g(2d,2p) level produced a computational model that correctly predicted both the sense and extent of chiral induction. Three factors appeared to play important roles in determining enantioinduction during lithiation of BF3‐complexed tertiary aminoferrocenes: (i) the maintenance of a highly organized eight‐membered ring transition state; (ii) the existence of a strong Li⋅⋅⋅F contact which placed the chiral diamine ligand in close proximity to the ferrocene substrate; (iii) the orientation of the sterically demanding N‐alkyl groups of the chiral diamine additives, either away or towards, the aminoferrocene and the alkyllithium. The model may serve as a predictive tool for the rational design of new ligands for this and related asymmetric lithiations.
Iridium‐Difluorphos‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2‐Alkyl‐ and 2‐Aryl‐Substituted Quinoxalines: A General and Efficient Route into Tetrahydroquinoxalines
Authors: Cartigny Damien , Nagano Takuto , Ayad Tahar , Genêt Jean‐Pierre , Ohshima Takashi , Mashima Kazushi , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA highly efficient and general iridium‐difluorphos‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of diverse 2‐alkyl‐ and 2‐aryl‐substituted quinoxalines into biologically and pharmaceutically relevant 2‐substituted‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoxaline units has been developed. High isolated yields and excellent enantioselectivities of up to 95% for 2‐alkyl‐substituted quinoxalines and of up to 94% for 2‐aryl‐substituted quinoxalines were obtained.
Elementary Process Theory: a formal axiomatic system with a potential application as a foundational framework for physics supporting gravitational repulsion of matter and antimatter
Authors: Cabbolet M.J.T.F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTheories of modern physics predict that antimatter having rest mass will be attracted by the earth's gravitational field, but the actual coupling of antimatter with gravitation has not been established experimentally. The purpose of the present research was to identify laws of physics that would govern the universe if antimatter having rest mass would be repúlsed by the earth's gravitational field. As a result, a formalized axiomatic system was developed together with interpretation rules for the terms of the language: the intention is that every theorem of the system yields a true statement about physical reality. Seven non‐logical axioms of this axiomatic system form the Elementary Process Theory (EPT): this is then a scheme of elementary principles describing the dynamics of individual processes taking place at supersmall scale. It is demonstrated how gravitational repulsion functions in the universe of the EPT, and some observed particles and processes have been formalized in the framework of the EPT. Incompatibility of Quantum Mechanics (QM) and General Relativity (GR) with the EPT is proven mathematically; to demonstrate applicability to real world problems to which neither QM nor GR applies, the EPT has been applied to a theory of the Planck era of the universe. The main conclusions are that a completely formalized framework for physics has been developed supporting the existence of gravitational repulsion and that the present results give rise to a potentially progressive research program.
Das Maß aller Ringe – N‐heterocyclische Carbene
Authors: Dröge Thomas , Glorius Frank 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDie Quantifizierung und Variation der charakteristischen Eigenschaften von Ligandenklassen ist ein spannendes und lohnenswertes Forschungsgebiet. N‐heterocyclische Carbene (NHCs) sind dabei wegen ihres Elektronenreichtums und ihrer Struktur von besonderem Interesse. Deshalb haben NHCs weite Verbreitung als Liganden in der Übergangsmetallkatalyse und der Organometallchemie sowie auch direkt in der Organokatalyse gefunden. Hier wird ein Überblick über die physikochemischen Daten (Elektronik, Sterik, Bindung) von NHCs gegeben, die für das Design, die Anwendung und das mechanistische Verständnis dieser Verbindungen in der Katalyse nützlich sind.
Metal Triflimidates: Better than Metal Triflates as Catalysts in Organic Synthesis—The Effect of a Highly Delocalized Counteranion
Authors: Antoniotti Sylvain , Dalla Vincent , Duñach Elisabet 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe continuously increasing need for novel and selective methods in organic synthesis to aid drug discovery and to address environmental concerns is a constant source of stimulation to develop novel and more efficient reaction systems. This has often resulted in a focus on transition metals, ligands, and additives, with much less attention paid to the counterion(s) of the metal cation. Recently, metal salts with one or more triflimidate counterion(s) have appeared as a unique class of catalysts that display outstanding σ‐ and π‐Lewis acid character. The highly delocalized nature of the triflimidate counterion, combined with its high steric hindrance results in virtually no nucleophilic behavior and an extremely high positive charge density on the metal cation, thus enhancing its Lewis acid character. Consequently, these metal triflimidates often outperform their metal halide or triflate analogues. This Review describes general methods for the preparation of metal triflimidate salts and their use as catalysts.
The Measure of All Rings—N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Dröge Thomas , Glorius Frank 
Published: August 2010

AbstractQuantification and variation of characteristic properties of different ligand classes is an exciting and rewarding research field. N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are of special interest since their electron richness and structure provide a unique class of ligands and organocatalysts. Consequently, they have found widespread application as ligands in transition‐metal catalysis and organometallic chemistry, and as organocatalysts in their own right. Herein we provide an overview on physicochemical data (electronics, sterics, bond strength) of NHCs that are essential for the design, application, and mechanistic understanding of NHCs in catalysis.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Morphine
Authors: Koizumi Hifumi , Yokoshima Satoshi , Fukuyama Tohru 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have developed an efficient total synthesis of (−)‐morphine in 5 % overall yield with the longest linear sequence consisting of 17 steps from 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one. The cyclohexenol unit was prepared by means of an enzymatic resolution and a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling as key steps. Construction of the morphinan core features an intramolecular aldol reaction and an intramolecular 1,6‐addition. Furthermore, mild deprotection conditions to remove the 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNs) group enabled the facile construction of the morphinan skeleton. We have also established an efficient synthetic route to a cyclohexenol unit containing an N‐methyl‐DNs‐amide moiety.