bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hidden taxable capacity of land: enough and to spare
Authors: Gaffney Mason 
Published: April 2009

PurposeA tax based on land value is in many ways ideal, but many economists dismiss it by assuming it could not raise enough revenue. Standard sources of data omit much of the potential tax base, and undervalue what they do measure. The purpose of this paper is to present more comprehensive and accurate measures of land rents and values, and several modes of raising revenues from them besides the conventional property tax.Design/methodology/approachThe paper identifies 16 elements of land's taxable capacity that received authorities either trivialize or omit. These 16 elements come in four groups.FindingsIn Group A, Elements 1‐4 correct for the downward bias in standard sources. In Group B, Elements 5‐10 broaden the concepts of land and rent beyond the conventional narrow perception, while Elements 11‐12 estimate rents to be gained by abating other kinds of taxes. In Group C, Elements 13‐14 explain how using the land tax, since it has no excess burden, uncaps feasible tax rates. In Group D, Elements 15‐16 define some moot possibilities that may warrant further exploration.Originality/valueThis paper shows how previous estimates of rent and land values have been narrowly limited to a fraction of the whole, thus giving a false impression that the tax capacity is low. The paper adds 14 elements to the traditional narrow “single tax” base, plus two moot elements advanced for future consideration. Any one of these 16 elements indicates a much higher land tax base than economists commonly recognize today. Taken together they are overwhelming, and cast an entirely new light on this subject.
Henry George, John Rae, and the theory of capital in a rapidly transforming economy
Authors: Peirce William 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish a historical context for the often maligned capital theory of Henry George within a North American frontier tradition that includes John Rae.Design/methodology/approachModern discussions of rapid technological and institutional change provide a framework for detailed re‐examination of the capital theories of Rae and George, whose critics were largely constrained by a rigid neoclassical perspective.FindingsBoth Rae and George presented capital theories, defined as explanations of the supply of and demand for capital resulting in a determinate capital stock. Both writers stress elements that were not emphasized in neoclassical capital theory, most notably that the capital stock can increase rapidly under certain conditions; increases in knowledge, inventions, technical and technological changes, and scale are more important than mere accumulation of capital; high rates of return combined with rapid technical obsolescence and physical deterioration provide the opportunity for rapid changes in the form of the capital stock, and; the ephemeral nature, and hence potential mobility, of capital implies that security of property is essential for economic growth.Research limitations/implicationsThe focus on two writers leads to the question of how widespread their ideas were in nineteenth century North America.Practical implicationsThe rapidly changing technology and institutions that Rae and George observed place their theories closer to some modern trends in the study of economic development than to the literature of neoclassical capital theory.Originality/valueGeorge's grasp of economic theory deserves greater respect than it has often received in the economics literature when his work is considered in its historical context.
The case for geoliberalism: a reply to Moellendorf
Authors: Tideman Nicolaus 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the virtues (despite Moellendorf's criticisms) of the geoliberal framework of social justice, which assumes that people have rights to themselves and that all people have equal rights to natural opportunities.Design/methodology/approachAfter describing geoliberalism, the paper responds to Moellendorf's arguments, enlarging on the issues that arise.FindingsGeoliberalism withstands Moellendorf's criticisms.Practical implicationsPeople can advocate geoliberal institutions in good conscience.Originality/valueThe paper provides principled, succinct responses to concerns people may have had about geoliberalism.
A model of dynamic balance among the three spheres of society – markets, governments, and communities
Authors: Wicks Rick 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThis paper revisits old questions of the proper subject and bounds of economics: does economics study “provisioning”? or markets? or a method of reasoning, self‐interested rational optimization?Design/methodology/approachA variety of scholars and others in many fields make use of a taxonomy of society consisting of three “spheres”: markets, governments, and communities. It is argued here that this tripartite taxonomy of society is fundamental and exhaustive. A variety of ways of understanding this taxonomy are explored, especially Fiske's (1991, 2004) “Relational models theory.” Then – after communities and their products, social goods, are defined more thoroughly – a visual model of interactions among the three spheres is presented.FindingsThe model is first used briefly to understand the historical development of markets. The model is then applied to understanding how economic thinking and market ideology, including the notion of social capital, can be destructive of communities and their production of social goods (and their production of social capital as well).Research limitations/implicationsIt is not possible to measure these effects monetarily, so calculating precisely “how this affects results” in a standard economic model is impossible.Practical implicationsNevertheless we could better prepare students for real‐world analysis, and better serve our clients, including the public, if – whenever relevant, such as in textbook introductions and in benefit/cost analyses – we made them aware of the limitations of economic analysis with respect to communities and social goods.Originality/valueThe three‐spheres model offered here, based on Fiske's “Relational models theory,” facilitates this awareness.
Repayment behaviour in credit and savings cooperative societies
Authors: Musafiri Papias Malimba , Ganesan P. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeLike other developing countries, Rwandan rural credit market is repressed, shallow, segmented, inefficient and dual structured where both formal and informal financial systems operate side by side. While the later has been playing a predominant role, cooperative societies have emerged as an apt method of increasing the delivery of formal rural credit and savings facilities on sustainable and non‐exploitative terms albeit of financial imprudence stemming from poor credit repayment records. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine the factors contributing to credit repayment behaviour among the members of savings and credit cooperative societies in rural Rwanda.Design/methodology/approachBoth exploratory and descriptive designs are used for primary data collection on variables contributing to the repayment behaviour in savings and cooperative societies. Thereafter, a binary logistic regression empirical model is employed to estimate the contribution of each variable to credit repayment rate.FindingsThe results from the tested empirical model show that age, gender and size of the household, purpose for credit, interest rate charges and number of official visits to the credit societies, have a strong effect on loan repayment performance (statistically significant at p<0.05) whereas size of credit disbursed, credit processing and disbursing time, borrowers' market place and income transfer from relatives and friends are more or less statistically significant at p<0.20 level. The remaining factors have logical and explainable sings but are not statistically significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe primary limitation of this study is the scope and size of its sample as well as absence of income factor as one of important variable influencing repayment behaviour. These limitations may have an effect on the lending policy of the cooperative banks.Originality/valueAn understanding of the socio‐economic factors affecting repayment behaviour of rural clients is essential for the outreach and sustainability of the mushrooming cooperative societies in the country. Hence, this paper contributes to the empirical literature on the provision of rural financial services in African countries south of Sahara and Rwanda in particular.
Faculty practices in undergraduate investments courses
Authors: Waggle Doug , Moon Gisung 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the practices of professors teaching the introductory class in investments.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 101 syllabi of the first investments course taught in various AACSB accredited business schools around the country was collected. Several dimensions of course content are summarized: the primary textbook selections, other required and recommended materials including the use of spreadsheets, financial calculators, financial magazines such as the Wall Street Journal (WSJ), and/or stock market games, grading policies including assessment components and their weights, and course contents based on various investments topics.FindingsClassroom practices of investments professors differ considerably. There is virtually nothing that is universally applied by investments faculty. There are, however, many areas such as key content to include in the course where a large majority tends to agree with each other.Originality/valueWhile there is obviously not a single right way to teach investments, many professors may be able to improve their classes or their assessment methods by trying some of the things that others are doing. Including stock market games, for example, might enlighten the students and encourage more classroom discussion.
Integration of digital libraries and virtual learning environments: a literature review
Authors: Virkus Sirje , Agegn Alemu Getaneh , Asfaw Demissie Tsigereda , Jakup Kokollari Besim , Melgar Estrada Liliana M. , Yadav Deepak 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the literature on integration of digital libraries and virtual learning environments (VLEs).Design/methodology/approachSearches were carried out on Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), from 2000 to 2008 using the terms “digital libraries” and “virtual learning environments”. In addition, references of relevant articles found in LISA were used to identify additional sources. In total, this literature review analyses 23 articles.FindingsDigital libraries and VLEs have been designed, developed and maintained rather separately. Integration is essential to provide seamless access to content and services to the academic community. The integration process is confronted with many challenges where technical, human and administrative challenges are central concerns. The integration would promote a collaborative approach to learning, re‐usability of resources, cross‐searching and time saving for academics, librarians and students. In addition, librarians have to rethink their profession and role in the digital age as well as provide the integration with conceptual and theoretical frameworks.Research limitations/implicationsLISA was used but other databases, including educational databases, such as ERIC, were not consulted for sources. The language of the documents was limited to English only.Originality/valueThis paper can help the academic and library community to understand the challenges, issues and implications of integration of digital libraries and VLEs. This literature review is also built upon previous literature reviews, and is one of the few of its kind in the topic.
The complex library
Authors: Evjen Sunniva , Audunson Ragnar 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discusses people's images of public libraries, and whether or not they constitute a barrier to institutional change.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on two studies carried out in two Norwegian cities, Drammen and Oslo, where this is a current topic. Focus is on discerning conservative and liberal attitudes of what a library is, and how such attitudes affect people's perception of change. How the library's social role is viewed by the informants is also considered. In total, nine focus groups were interviewed. In Drammen, two user groups and two non‐user groups with younger (18‐39) and older (40+) participants. The same was the case in Oslo, with one additional expert group. Each group contained 6 participants, giving a total of 54 respondents.FindingsThe informants had many thoughts regarding what a library is and should be, and drew a picture of the public library as a complex institution with many tasks. They had many ideas for library developments, especially regarding social activities. The non‐users had a slightly more conservative view of what a public library is, while the users were more informed about new developments and facilities. It seemed important to all groups that the public libraries are updated and inviting, but they expressed that recognisability was important.Practical implicationsBoth liberal and conservative attitudes were found among the respondents, but interestingly enough, there was little negativity towards change. On the contrary, it seems change is perceived as a requirement for public libraries to stay relevant. Their role as meeting places is one of the areas both users and non‐users expressed great interest in, and certainly an area worth investigating further.Originality/valueThere is not much research analysing the relationship and possible conflicts between different stakeholders. The research undertaken is likely to be of importance both to the academic community and the field of practice.
Reverse age discrimination
Authors: Topper Elisa F. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the fact that there is reverse age discrimination in the field of librarianship.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review and commentary on this topic that is now being addressed by our younger colleagues.FindingsYounger librarians often referred to as “baby librarians” are frustrated by their colleagues in the library workplace.Originality/valueThe value is in addressing this issue that is quickly surfacing on blogs and listservs.
Atmosphere as a tool for enhancing organizational performance
Authors: Heide Morten , Lærdal Kirsti , Grønhaug Kjell 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe concept of atmosphere is often considered vague and difficult to capture, which hampers adequate feedback on atmospheric investments. This paper aims to report a systematic effort to capture the concept and enhancing factors, making adequate feedback for efforts to improve atmosphere possible.Design/methodology/approachOwing to limited a priori insights, an exploratory, discovery‐oriented approach was chosen. Semi‐structured interviews, supplemented with secondary data, were conducted to gain insight into how managers and design experts think and cope to improve the atmosphere of establishments. The hospitality industry was selected as empirical context.FindingsInvestments to improve the atmosphere of establishments can bring significant benefits. However, the positive effects are associated with uncertainty and consequently the risks can be substantial. However, such risks were only recognized by hospitality managers, not by design experts.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is a first step and was therefore restricted to the supply side of the industry. For practical purposes, the empirical setting was limited to a single country.Practical implicationsCare should be taken not to overkill with atmosphere and thereby lose focus on the main service/product offering. Hospitality managers and owners need to be assertive to get the right balance between aesthetic elements and operational requirements because design experts tend to neglect the latter.Originality/valueGiven the considerable interest in, and consequently the presumed value of, atmosphere as an intangible asset, this paper provides important insights into an area where there is genuine need for empirical research.
The emergence of counterfeit trade: a literature review
Authors: Staake Thorsten , Thiesse Frédéric , Fleisch Elgar 
Published: April 2009

PurposeTrade in counterfeit goods is perceived as a substantial threat to various industries. No longer is the emergence of imitation products confined to branded luxury goods and final markets. Counterfeit articles are increasingly finding their way into other sectors, including the fast‐moving consumer goods, pharmaceutical, and automotive industries – with, in part, severe negative consequences for consumers, licit manufacturers, and brand owners alike. This paper seeks to shed light on the economic principles of counterfeit trade and the underlying illicit supply chains.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature review was conducted that comprised contributions from different strands of management research.FindingsThough governments as well as management have clearly identified the problem, very little is known – both in practice and theory – about the mechanisms and structure of the illicit market, the tactics of counterfeit producers, consumer behavior with respect to imitation products and the financial impact on individual companies. The diversity of the counterfeit phenomenon underlines the need for further research in this area and the development of company‐specific measures for fighting product piracy.Research limitations/implicationsThe clandestine nature of the counterfeit market limits direct accessibility to the phenomenon. Consequently, the existing body of literature does not necessarily cover all aspects of counterfeit activities. The review helps to highlight existing research gaps but may not be able to identify additional aspects of the phenomenon that, thus far, have not been deemed relevant.Originality/valueThe paper critically reviews the current state of research across different management‐related disciplines. From an academic perspective it may serve as a starting point for a future research agenda that addresses the current knowledge gaps. From a practitioner's perspective it is helpful for understanding the relevant influence factors and for developing appropriate, state‐of‐the‐art counterstrategies.
Propensity to bargain in marketing exchange situations:a comparative study
Authors: Bin Ahmad Alserhan Bakr 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThis study aims to investigate and compare the propensity of both Arab and Western customers to bargain in marketing exchange situations in the United Arab Emirates.Design/methodology/approachThe Bargaining Propensity Scale (BPS) developed by Schneider et al. was administered, as part of a self‐administered questionnaire, to a sample of 100 Arab customers and 100 Western customers and their responses to the BPS items were analyzed.FindingsData analysis shows that both segments – Arab and Western customers – display an overall tendency to engage in bargaining activities, although with slightly different PBS distributions.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample contained only 15 Arab women as it was very awkward for the male research assistant to talk to women in public places; very few women would risk being seen in public with strangers.Originality/valueThis study addresses an important marketing issue – the comparative behavior of customers. It is the first to do so in the region.
The marketing of innovations in high‐technology companies: a network approach
Authors: Borg Erik A. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThis article aims to consider the usefulness of network theory in examining the marketing of high‐technology products and services.Design/methodology/approachHigh‐tech companies are analysed in light of a network approach to marketing.FindingsThe research finds that building marketing relationships can improve the viability of high‐tech companies.Originality/valueThe article contributes to the development of theory that can enhance the marketing of high‐technology products and services.
Investigating the effects of service quality dimensions and expertise on loyalty
Authors: Jamal Ahmad , Anastasiadou Kyriaki 
Published: April 2009

PurposeVery little research has investigated the effects of service quality dimensions on customer loyalty. Also, up to now, no research has investigated the direct effect of expertise on loyalty and the moderating effect of expertise on the link between satisfaction and loyalty. This paper seeks to fill these gaps in the literature and to investigate the effects of individual dimensions of service quality in creating and enhancing customer loyalty via customer satisfaction. It also aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of customer expertise on customer loyalty.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a causal modelling approach and proposes a conceptual model after an extensive review of the literature. The paper is based on a sample of 200 bank users in Greece who completed a self‐administered questionnaire. The paper uses exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to analyse and confirm the conceptual model proposed in this research.FindingsThe paper finds that reliability, tangibility and empathy are positively related to customer satisfaction, which in turn is positively related to loyalty. Furthermore, while expertise is negatively related to loyalty, it positively moderates the link between satisfaction and loyalty.Originality/valueThe paper discusses implications for brand managers in terms of targeting and advertising strategies and suggests future research directions.
Price adaptation in export markets
Authors: Sousa Carlos M.P. , Bradley Frank 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the key factors that influence price adaptation in export markets.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model was tested empirically using data collected by mail questionnaire in a sample survey of 140 firms. The results were analysed using structural equation modelling and the method of estimation was maximum likelihood (ML). Various statistical tests show that the results were reliable and valid.FindingsThe results reported here suggest that while controlling for the size of the firm, the degree of price adaptation is strongly influenced and conditioned by the degree of product, promotion, and distribution adaptation as well as by the differences that exist between the home and the foreign market.Originality/valueDespite calls for research on the adaptation of pricing in export markets little headway has been made in understanding the issue in the literature. This study adds to the limited empirical research work done in this area. Although past research points to a link between product adaptation and price adaptation and between distribution adaptation and price adaptation, empirical research that includes simultaneously the link between the three elements of the marketing mix (product, promotion, and distribution adaptation) and price adaptation is largely missing in the literature. These relationships have been tested in this paper and found to be relevant to the understanding of pricing in international markets.