bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Procedure for the Synthesis of Schiff Bases Using Hydrotalcite‐like Materials as Catalyst
Authors: Zhu Juan , Chen Lu , Wu Haihong , Yang Jianguo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe novel efficient procedure has been developed for the synthesis of Schiff bases. The results showed that the 5% Fe(III)MgAl‐LDH was very efficient for the reactions with the excellent yields in several minutes. Operational simplicity, no need of any solvent, low cost of the catalyst, high yields, reusability, wide applicability are the key features of this methodology.
Electrochemical Characterization of (ZnO/dsDNA)n Layer‐by‐layer Films and Detection of Natural DNA Oxidative Damage
Authors: Du Meng , Yang Tao , Zhang Yongchun , Jiao Kui 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe positively charged nano‐ZnO and negatively charged natural DNA were alternately adsorbed on the surface of a gold electrode, forming (ZnO/dsDNA)nlayer‐by‐layer films. Valuable dynamic information for controlling the formation and growth of the films was obtained by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) measurements showed that the electroactive probe methylene blue (MB) could be loaded in the (ZnO/dsDNA)nfilms from its solution, and then released from the films into Britton‐Robinson (B‐R) buffer. The complete reloading of MB in the films could be realized by immersing the films in MB solution again. However, after incubation in the solution of carcinogenic metal nickel, the damaged (ZnO/dsDNA)n films could not return to their original and fully‐loaded state, and showed smaller DPV peak currents. The results demonstrated that the DNA damage induced by the hydroxyl radical could be achieved by electrochemistry.
Pd‐Mn/Stainless Steel Wire Mesh Catalyst for Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene, Acetone and Ethyl Acetate
Authors: Song Cui , Chen Min , Ma Chun'an , Zheng Xiaoming 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new 0.1%Pd‐6%Mn/stainless steel wire mesh catalyst was prepared and used for volatile organic compounds (VOC) elimination. The supported palladium and manganese catalyst over the stainless steel wire mesh was prepared by using an impregnation method. When an anodic oxidation technology was employed, an anodic oxidation membrane appeared on the stainless steel wire mesh. On the 0.1%Pd‐6%Mn/stainless steel wire mesh catalyst calcined at 500°C, the total oxidation of toluene, acetone and ethyl acetate was respectively at 260, 220 and 320°C. The activity could be stable for over 700 h for toluene oxidation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of the Pd‐Mn/stainless steel wire mesh catalyst shows that the presence of anodic oxidation membrane on the support surface is important for better dispersion of active phases.
Estimation of Flame Retardancy Effect by Thermal Analysis Using Kinetic Parameters Obtained under Non‐Isothermal Conditions in Air
Authors: Vlase Gabriela , Vlase Titus , Doca Nicolae , Ilia Gheorghe 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA series of compounds obtained from urea, phosphoric acid and inorganic salts of Zn, Ni and Ca, were tested in respect of their flame‐retardancy behavior. The estimation criteria were the kinetic parameters obtained in air, under non‐isothermal conditions, on a Perkin‐Elmer Diamond device, at heating rates of 5, 10, 12 and 15 deg·min−1. The flame‐retardancy effect was assigned to the significant endothermic decomposition at relatively low temperature (150–200°C). The quantitative estimation of the thermal behavior was performed by comparison of the kinetic data obtained by Flyn‐Wall‐Ozawa, Friedman and NPK (Sempere‐Nomen) methods. The kinetic homogeneity and a very good quality of the model are arguments in favour of the NPK method. The Ni containing material exhibited the best flame‐retardancy behavior, i.e. higher activation energy and mass loss, respectively a single decomposition step with both physical and chemical processes. The results were validated by fire resistance tests.
A Vicinal Acyloxy Group Participation SN2 Reaction of Thiol Nucleophiles in the Formation of Thioacetals
Authors: Wu Qinpei , Xi Xiaodong , Chen Xi , Li Hui , Zhang Qingshan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThioacetalization of acyl protected furanosides led to products with an ethanethiol group at C‐2 and 3‐O‐acetyl‐ 1,2‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐furanoses were converted into corresponding thioacetals with two ethanethiol groups at both C‐2 and C‐3 positions under the standard thioacetalization conditions. All products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS data. X‐ray structure analysis indicates that the vicinal acyloxy group is stereoselectively substituted by ethanethiols. The supposed mechanisms for these two kinds of transformations were presented.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Complexing Properties of Calix[4]arene Schiff Bases
Authors: Li Liang , Gu Weiwei , Yan Chaoguo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFour p‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arene derivatives with different Schiff base groups at the lower rim were efficiently prepared in three steps. p‐tert‐Butylcalix[4]arene was firstly O‐peralkylated with ω‐haloalkylphthalimide in the system of NaH/DMF to give calixarene tetraalkylphthalimides, which were in turn hydrazinolyzed to give tetraaminoalkylcalixarenes. Then by condensation of the latter with salicylaldehyde and 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde, a series of calixarene Schiff bases were obtained in satisfying yields. The complexing properties of these Schiff bases for transition metal ions were investigated with UV spectroscopy.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Amides (Sulfonamides) Containing N‐Pyridylpyrazole
Authors: Xu Junying , Dong Weili , Xiong Lixia , Li Yuxin , Li Zhengmin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn search of environmentally benign insecticides with high activity, low toxicity and low residual effects, a series of novel amides (sulfonamides) containing N‐pyridylpyrazole were designed and synthesized. Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis or HRMS. The bioassay tests indicated that some of these compounds exhibited moderate insecticidal activities against Mythimna separata Walker and Culex pipiens pallens.
Synthesis and Antifungal Bioactivity of Methyl 2‐Methoxyimino‐ 2‐{2‐[(substituted benzylidene)aminooxymethyl]phenyl}acetate and 2‐Methoxyimino‐2‐{2‐[(substituted benzylidene)aminooxy‐ methyl]phenyl}‐N‐methylacetamide Derivatives
Authors: Li Guohua , Yang Hong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTen methyl 2‐methoxyimino‐2‐{2‐[(substituted benzylidene)aminooxymethyl]phenyl}acetate and 2‐methoxy‐ imino‐2‐{2‐[(substituted benzylidene)aminooxymethyl]phenyl}‐N‐methylacetamide derivatives were synthesized. Structures of the new compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and GC‐MS data. These compounds at 10 µg/mL were tested in vitro against five pathogenic fungi, namely, Sclerotonia, Botrytis cinerea Pers, Gibberella zeae, Rhizoctorua solani and Pyricularia oryzae. Compounds G5, G6, G7 and G8 showed potent antifungal activities against Botrytis cinerea Pers, G7 against Gibberella zeae and G7, G8 against Rhizoctorua solani, respectively.
Melanocortin‐4 receptor expression in a vago‐vagal circuitry involved in postprandial functions
Authors: Gautron Laurent , Lee Charlotte , Funahashi Hisayuki , Friedman Jeffrey , Lee Syann , Elmquist Joel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractVagal afferents regulate energy balance by providing a link between the brain and postprandial signals originating from the gut. In the current study, we investigated melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) expression in the nodose ganglion, where the cell bodies of vagal sensory afferents reside. By using a line of mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the MC4R promoter, we found GFP expression in approximately one‐third of nodose ganglion neurons. By using immunohistochemistry combined with in situ hybridization, we also demonstrated that ∼20% of GFP‐positive neurons coexpressed cholecystokinin receptor A. In addition, we found that the GFP is transported to peripheral tissues by both vagal sensory afferents and motor efferents, which allowed us to assess the sites innervated by MC4R‐GFP neurons. GFP‐positive efferents that co‐expressed choline acetyltransferase specifically terminated in the hepatic artery and the myenteric plexus of the stomach and duodenum. In contrast, GFP‐positive afferents that did not express cholinergic or sympathetic markers terminated in the submucosal plexus and mucosa of the duodenum. Retrograde tracing experiments confirmed the innervation of the duodenum by GFP‐positive neurons located in the nodose ganglion. Our findings support the hypothesis that MC4R signaling in vagal afferents may modulate the activity of fibers sensitive to satiety signals such as cholecystokinin, and that MC4R signaling in vagal efferents may contribute to the control of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:6–24, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
X‐ray diffraction and magnetization studies of BiFeO3 multiferroic compounds substituted by Sm3+, Gd3+, Ca2+
Authors: Al‐Haj Mansour 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe multiferroic compounds Bi0.9Sm0.1FeO3, Bi0.9Gd0.1FeO3, Bi0.9Ca0.1FeO3, Bi0.9Sm0.05Ca0.05FeO3, and Bi0.9Gd0.05Ca0.05FeO3 were prepared by the conventional ceramic method and were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The compounds were found to have the rhombohedral perovskite‐like structure, accompanied by a small residual Bi2Fe4O9 impurity phase. Magnetic hysteresis loops with enhanced remnant magnetization and coercive field were obtained for the Gd‐containing compounds. The improvement of magnetic behavior of the Gd‐containing compounds is thought to arise mainly from the partial suppression of the spiral spin structure and the stronger interaction between magnetic ions. The magnetic transition temperatures of the compounds were found to be in the range 300‐310 °C. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemoselective Allylation of Ketones in Ionic Liquids Containing Sulfonate Anions
Authors: Galletti Paola , Moretti Fabio , Samorì Chiara , Tagliavini Emilio 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe chemoselective addition of tetraallyltin to dialkyl, alkenyl–alkyl, and alkynyl–alkyl ketones can be performed with high yields in N‐methyl‐N‐butylpyrrolidinium trifuoromethansulfonate (MBP‐Tf). Other room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) can also be successfully employed if some sulfonic acid is added. The reaction is very sensitive to the electronic properties of the substrate. Aryl alkyl ketones bearing electron‐withdrawing substituents behave like dialkyl ketones and react promptly; on the contrary, electron‐rich aryl alkyl ketones react sluggishly, which allows selective competitive allylation of dialkyl substrates to occur. The ionic liquid solvent can be easily recycled, which meets the green chemistry principles of selectivity and reuse of chemicals. NMR spectroscopic data support the formation of tin‐triflate catalysts in situ.
Changes in mid‐to‐late latency auditory evoked reponses in the chicken during neural maturation
Authors: Atkinson Rebbekah , Rostas John A.P. , Hunter Mick 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUtilizing the special advantages offered by the protracted maturation of neural circuits in chicken forebrain this study investigates the functional consequence of maturation using auditory evoked response potentials (AERPs) in behaving animals. Repeated measures AERP recordings were undertaken between weeks 1 and 8 posthatch. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant decrease in amplitude of the positive AERP component and a decrease in latency of the negative AERP component with maturation. AERPs were also utilized to investigate perturbed maturation via the induction of chemically induced hypothyroidism. Results from this study showed that the induction of late onset hypothyroidism produces measurable effects on the chicken AERP consistent with perturbation in maturation of neuronal circuits and synapses. This suggests that AERPs may be useful noninvasive functional measures of brain maturation that can be used to study the effects of endogenous or exogenous factors on brain maturation in the chicken. Since human brain also exhibits a protracted maturation period the availability of a well‐characterized animal model for protracted brain maturation provides an opportunity to identify molecules, genes and environmental factors that are important in the regulation of maturation. The protracted maturation of neuronal circuits observed in chicken forebrain offers such a model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 24–34, 2010
Characterization of p70 S6 kinase 1 in early development of mouse embryos
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Zhe , Su Wen‐Hui , Zhang Yang , Yu Yan‐Qiu , Li Yan‐Xiao , Zong Zhi‐Hong , Yu Bing‐Zhi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe mTOR kinase controls cell growth, proliferation, and survival through two distinct multiprotein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2. p70 S6 Kinase 1 (S6K1) is characterized as downstream effector of mTOR. Until recently, the connection between S6K1 and mTORC1 /mTORC2 during the early development of mouse embryos has not been well elucidated. Here, the expression level of total S6K1 and its phosphorylation at Thr389 was determined in four phases of one‐cell embryos. S6K1 was active throughout the cell cycle especially with higher activity in G2 and M phases. Rapamycin decreased the activity of M‐phase promoting factor (MPF) and delayed the first mitotic cleavage. Down‐regulating mTOR and raptor reduced S6K1 phosphorylation at Thr389 in one‐cell embryos. Furthermore, rapamycin and microinjection of raptor shRNA decreased the immunofluorescent staining of Thr389 phospho‐S6K1. It is proposed that mTORC1 may be involved in the control of MPF by regulating S6K1 during the early development of mouse embryos. Developmental Dynamics 238:3025–3034, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinked tail mutation results in notochord defects in heterozygotes and distal visceral endoderm defects in homozygotes
Authors: Farkas Deborah R. , Chapman Deborah L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractProper formation of the anterior‐posterior (AP) axis in the developing embryo is critical for the correct patterning and often survival of the organism. In the mouse, an initial step in axis establishment is the specification and migration of the distal visceral endoderm (DVE). We have identified a semi‐dominant spontaneous mutation in mouse, named kinked tail (knk), which when heterozygous results in a kinky tail phenotype due to fusions and dysmorphology of the tail vertebrae. Vertebral fusions appear to be a secondary effect of notochord thickening and branching in the tail region. Homozygosity for knk results in early embryonic lethality by embryonic day 8.5 due to improper timing of DVE specification and migration, and subsequent failure to establish the AP axis. Developmental Dynamics 238:3237–3247, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a dorsal‐eye Gal4 Line in Drosophila
Authors: Morrison Clayton M. , Halder Georg 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn Drosophila, the Gal4‐UAS system is used to drive ectopic gene expression in a tissue‐specific manner. In this system, transgenic flies expressing tissue specific Gal4 are crossed to a line in which the gene to be expressed is under the control of a Gal4‐responsive UAS sequence. The resulting progeny express the gene of interest in the pattern of the particular Gal4 line. Since a given UAS‐transgene can be driven by any Gal4 line, this system is predominantly limited by available Gal4 lines. Here we report the characterization of a novel line, DE‐Gal4, which in the eye is expressed in the dorsal compartment for the majority of development. Furthermore, we use functional tests to show that the DE‐Gal4 line is a useful tool with which to manipulate gene expression in half of the developing eye. genesis 48:3–7, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intragraft gene expression profile associated with the induction of tolerance by allochimeric MHC I in the rat heart transplantation model
Authors: Lisik Wojciech , Gong Yongquan , Tejpal Neelam , Skelton Thomas S. , Bremer Eric G. , Kloc Malgorzata , Ghobrial Rafik M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe MHC class I allochimeric protein containing donor‐type epitopes on recipient‐type heavy chains induces indefinite survival of heterotopic cardiac allografts in rats. We analyzed gene expression profile of heart allograft tissue. Mutated peptide [α1h1/u]‐RT1.Aa that contains donor‐type (Wistar Furth, WF; RT1u) immunogenic epitopes displayed on recipient‐type (ACI, RT1a) was delivered into ACI recipients of WF hearts at the time of transplantation in addition to a 3 days course of oral cyclosporine. Microarray analysis was performed using Affymetrix Rat 230 2.0 Microarray. Allochimeric molecule treatment caused upregulation of genes involved in structural integrity of heart muscle, downregulation of IL‐1β a key modulator of the immune response, and downregulation of partitioning defective six homolog gamma PAR6, which is involved in T cell polarity, motility, and ability to scan dendritic cells (DC). These indicate that the immunosuppressive function of allochimeric molecule and/or the establishment of allograft tolerance depend on the induction of genes responsible for the heart tissue integrity, the suppression of cytokine pathway(s), and possibly the impairment of T cells mobility and their DC scanning ability. These novel findings may have important clinical implications for inhibition of chronic rejection in transplant recipients. genesis 48:8–19, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of mouse conditional and null alleles of the type III sodium‐dependent phosphate cotransporter PiT‐1
Authors: Festing Maria H. , Speer Mei Y. , Yang Hsueh‐Ying , Giachelli Cecilia M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAccelerated vascular calcification occurs in several human diseases including diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In patients with CKD, vascular calcification is highly correlated with elevated serum phosphate levels. In vitro, elevated concentrations of phosphate induced vascular smooth muscle cell matrix mineralization, and the inorganic phosphate transporter‐1 (PiT‐1), was shown to be required. To determine the in vivo role of PiT‐1, mouse conditional and null alleles were generated. Here we show that the conditional allele, PiT‐1flox, which has loxP sites flanking exons 3 and 4, is homozygous viable. Cre‐mediated recombination resulted in a null allele that is homozygous lethal. Examination of early embryonic development revealed that the PiT‐1Δe3,4/Δe3,4 embryos displayed anemia, a defect in yolk sac vasculature, and arrested growth. Thus, conditional and null PiT‐1 mouse alleles have been successfully generated and PiT‐1 has a necessary, nonredundant role in embryonic development. genesis 47:858–863, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pilot study of interpersonal psychotherapy for preventing excess weight gain in adolescent girls at‐risk for obesity
Authors: Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Wilfley Denise E. , Young Jami F. , Mufson Laura , Yanovski Susan Z. , Glasofer Deborah R. , Salaita Christine G. , Schvey Natasha A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveInterpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is effective at reducing binge episodes and inducing weight stabilization in obese adults with binge eating disorder.MethodWe piloted the administration of IPT to girls at‐risk for excess weight gain (BMI 75th–97th percentile; IPT‐WG) with and without loss of control (LOC) eating. Thirty‐eight girls (12–17 years) were randomized to IPT‐WG or a standard‐of‐care health education group.ResultsAll 38 girls completed the programs and all follow‐up visits through 6 months. Thirty‐five of 38 returned for a complete assessment visit at 1 year. Among girls with baseline LOC (n = 20), those in IPT‐WG experienced greater reductions in such episodes than girls in health education (p = .036). Regardless of LOC status, over 1 year girls in IPT‐WG were less likely to increase their BMI as expected for their age and BMI percentile (p = .028).DiscussionIPT‐WG is feasible and acceptable to adolescent girls at‐risk for adult obesity and may prevent excess weight gain over 1 year. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:701–706
Mutations in complement factor I as found in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome lead to either altered secretion or altered function of factor I
Authors: Nilsson Sara C. , Kalchishkova Nikolina , Trouw Leendert A. , Fremeaux‐Bacchi Veronique , Villoutreix Bruno O. , Blom Anna M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe complement system is regulated by inhibitors such as factor I (FI), a serine protease that degrades activated complement factors C4b and C3b in the presence of specific cofactors. Mutations and polymorphisms in FI and its cofactors are associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). All 14 complement factor I mutations associated with aHUS analyzed in this study were heterozygous and generated premature stop codons (six) or amino acid substitutions (eight). Almost all of the mutants were expressed by human embryonic kidney 293 cells but only six mutants were secreted into the medium, three of which were at lower levels than WT. The remaining eight mutants were not secreted but sensitive to deglycosylation with endoglycosidase H, indicating that they were retained early in the secretory pathway. Six secreted mutants were purified and five of them were functionally altered in degradation of C4b/C3b in the fluid‐phase in the presence of various cofactors and on endothelial cells. Three mutants cleaved surface‐bound C3b less efficiently than WT. The D501N mutant was severely impaired both in solution and on surface irrespective of the cofactor used. In conclusion, mutations in complement factor I affect both secretion and function of FI, which leads to impaired regulation of the complement system in aHUS.
Early growth response 2 regulates the survival of thymocytes during positive selection
Authors: Lawson Victoria J. , Weston Kathleen , Maurice Diane 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe early growth response (Egr) transcription factor family regulates multiple steps during T‐cell development. We examine here the role played by Egr2 in positive selection. In double‐positive cells, Egr2 is upregulated immediately following TCR ligation, and its expression requires both the MAPK and calcineurin signaling pathways. Inducible transgenic and knockout mice were generated to cause gain‐ or loss‐of‐function of Egr2 in double‐positive cells, and had reciprocal effects; more mature single‐positive cells were made when Egr2 was overexpressed, and fewer when Egr2 was absent. These defects were associated with changes in the survival of positively selected cells rather than perturbation of positive selection or immediate post‐selection signaling. The survival function of Egr2 at least partly depends upon its ability to activate the cytokine‐mediated survival pathway, likely through negative regulation of both the IL‐7R and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (Socs1), the molecular switch whose downregulation normally results in restored responsiveness to cytokine signaling following selection. While gain of Egr2 caused a decrease in Socs1 mRNA, loss of Egr2 resulted in downregulation of IL‐7R, upregulation of Socs1, and inhibition of Stat5 phosphorylation and IL‐7‐mediated survival post‐selection. Therefore, expression of Egr2 following positive selection links the initial TCR signaling event to subsequent survival of signaled cells.