bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safe Ventilation With Lower Weight and Less Power Consumption
Authors: McFadyen Kenneth , Fulton Bob 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Ventilation Systems for production platform process modules, are conventionally designed on statutory air change requirements, calculated from the volume of the module or from the heat emission of process equipment.
A standard has yet to be laid down to quantify leakage of hydrocarbons, inherent from process systems. Furthermore the ability of a ventilation system, to efficiently distribute fresh air throughout the module and diffuse any hydrocarbon leakage, must be considered. Such a system would require to eliminate stagnant pockets of dangerous gas, thereby increasing safety, against fire and explosion risk, and stabilising the operation of gas detection systems.
Research studies of a one-fifth scale working model of a production module, has made it possible to design a ventilation system close to the ideal, which offers additional advantages of, economies in absorbed power, weight and volume.
Partial Pressures in Thermodynamics of Classical Fluid Mixtures
Authors: Samohýl Vít , Samohýl Ivan , Voňka Petr 
Published: May 2012

Partial Pressures in Thermodynamics of Classical Fluid Mixtures
In the rational thermodynamics of most usual nonequilibrium "classical" fluid mixtures it has been proposed the "thermodynamic" partial pressure which generalize traditional definitions and merge together in an ideal gas mixture. In this paper, these thermodynamic partial pressures are calculated for a (real) gas mixture of methane-ethane-carbon dioxide and a liquid mixture of lithium hydroxide in water. The results are compared with those obtained using the classical formulations of partial pressures calculated in these mixtures as well.
Increasing of drinking water quality at real water treatment plant by recarbonization process
Authors: Luptáková Anna , Munka Karol , Derco Ján 
Published: May 2012

Increasing of drinking water quality at real water treatment plant by recarbonization process
According to the World Health Organization, chemical and microbial contaminants in drinking water will continue in the interest of suppliers of drinking water. The review establishment of new knowledge for drinking water including the potential benefits of the mineral content is necessary. The paper is focused on an assessment of the quality of water from surface source for drinking water preparation and quality of drinking water produced at the real plant. The lab-scale verification of water recarbonization with lime and carbon dioxide was chosen based on the results of full scale plant data analysis. Recarbonization tests were carried out with the raw water and the impact of recarbonization on coagulation process at different coagulant doses was studied. The results show that water recarbonization had adverse influence on the water treatment processes.
Les temps du vote Front national et de ses représentations
Authors: Alidières Bernard 
Published: May 2012

Il s’agit de montrer que, si l’« insécurisation » est un facteur d’explication du vote FN dans les milieux populaires, ce phénomène n’est pas récent et doit être envisagé sur un temps plus long. En 1984, la percée électorale du FN avait déjà été précédée d’une forte hausse de l’insécurité. Or, dans les analyses du vote FN, cette question a été délaissée ou réduite à l’évocation d’un fantasme sans lien avec la hausse des délits. Ce type de représentation a eu une influence durable sur la gauche et contribué au maintien d’un déficit politique face au FN au moins jusqu’en 1997. Il faut considérer aussi les différents temps de l’offre frontiste. Dans les années 1990, la fidélisation de l’électorat s’opère avec le maintien du vote FN au second tour des élections territoriales, ce qui permet au FN d’exercer son « pouvoir de nuisance » aux dépens de la droite. Puis, la scission Mégret-Le Pen a eu des effets durables : de 1999 à 2009, le vote FN a régressé à tous les types de scrutin (sauf en avril 2002) et son « pouvoir de nuisance » disparaît. De nombreux électeurs du FN ont rejoint les « abstentionnistes intermittents », un électorat que Marine Le Pen, à l’instar de la droite et de la gauche, devra convaincre en 2012.
Collective action and the governance of multistakeholder initiatives: a case study of Bonsucro
Authors: Moura P.T. , Chaddad F.R. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Sustainability is an interesting case of a ‘wicked problem’ that requires multiple stakeholder engagement to be managed. Multistakeholder initiatives (MSIs) have emerged as an alternative governance mechanism to address this problem. This paper addresses the issue of overcoming collective action hurdles and governance design in MSIs. We focus our analysis on Bonsucro, an MSI that recently developed a standard and certification scheme for sustainable sugarcane products. We describe the internal organization and governance of Bonsucro and the process it followed to develop and implement the scheme. We then apply collective action and governance theories to analyze Bonsucro’s case and make observations as to how MSIs and alternative governance structures might be organized to address sustainability in global agrifood chains.
Knowledge and implementation of HACCP-based management systems among small-scale honey producers in Brazil
Authors: Handschuch C. , Wollni M. , Corrêa Neto A.M. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Increasingly globalized value chains and growing consumer awareness towards foodborne diseases have reinforced the importance of adequate food quality and safety management systems. A widely applied food safety management system is the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system, which has become mandatory in many countries and is therefore of major relevance for food producers, processors and traders worldwide. However, mandatory HACCP implementation may act as a trade barrier for many developing and transition countries and pose particular difficulties for small food producers and processors. In this paper, we evaluate the current state of knowledge and implementation of HACCP-based management systems among small-scale honey producers in Brazil. The empirical analysis is based on original survey data collected from a random sample of 115 households involved in apiculture in the northeast of Brazil. In the interviews, beekeepers were asked about their knowledge of HACCP requirements and the implementation of these requirements. Based on a principal component analysis, we create knowledge and implementation indices and compare these indices to relevant household characteristics and honey production conditions. Both the knowledge of requirements and the implementation of these requirements are strongly linked to the households’ connectedness along the value chain and their access to a suitable honey extraction facility. In order to enhance the competitiveness of the Brazilian small-scale honey sector, policy-makers should foster cooperation among producers and improve their connectedness to input and output markets. Furthermore, access to appropriate honey extraction facilities should be improved.
An In Vivo IL-7 Requirement for Peripheral Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Kim Grace Y. , Ligons Davinna L. , Hong Changwan , Luckey Megan A. , Keller Hilary R. , Tai Xuguang , Lucas Philip J. , Gress Ronald E. , Park Jung-Hyun 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
All T cells are dependent on IL-7 for their development and for homeostasis. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are unique among T cells in that they are dependent on IL-2. Whether such IL-2 dependency is distinct from or in addition to an IL-7 requirement has been a confounding issue, particularly because of the absence of an adequate experimental system to address this question. In this study, we present a novel in vivo mouse model where IL-2 expression is intact but IL-7 expression was geographically limited to the thymus. Consequently, IL-7 is not available in peripheral tissues. Such mice were generated by introducing a thymocyte-specific IL-7 transgene onto an IL-7 null background. In these mice, T cell development in the thymus, including Foxp3+ Treg numbers, was completely restored, which correlates with the thymus-specific expression of transgenic IL-7. In peripheral cells, however, IL-7 expression was terminated, which resulted in a general paucity of T cells and a dramatic reduction of Foxp3+ Treg numbers. Loss of Tregs was further accompanied by a significant reduction in Foxp3+ expression levels. These data suggest that peripheral IL-7 is not only necessary for Treg survival but also for upregulating Foxp3 expression. Collectively, we assessed the effect of a selective peripheral IL-7 deficiency in the presence of a fully functional thymus, and we document a critical requirement for in vivo IL-7 in T cell maintenance and specifically in Foxp3+ cell homeostasis.
Augmented IL-15Rα Expression by CD40 Activation Is Critical in Synergistic CD8 T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Activity of Anti-CD40 Antibody with IL-15 in TRAMP-C2 Tumors in Mice
Authors: Zhang Meili , Ju Wei , Yao Zhengsheng , Yu Ping , Wei Bih-Rong , Simpson R. Mark , Waitz Rebecca , Fassò Marcella , Allison James P. , Waldmann Thomas A. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
IL-15 has potential as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment because it is a critical factor for the proliferation and activation of NK and CD8+ T cells. However, monotherapy of patients with malignancy with IL-15 that has been initiated may not be optimal, because of the limited expression of the private receptor, IL-15Rα. We demonstrated greater CD8 T cell-mediated therapeutic efficacy using a combination regimen of murine IL-15 administered with an agonistic anti-CD40 Ab (FGK4.5) that led to increased IL-15Rα expression on dendritic cells (DCs), as well as other cell types, in a syngeneic established TRAMP-C2 tumor model. Seventy to one hundred percent of TRAMP-C2 tumor-bearing wild-type C57BL/6 mice in the combination group manifested sustained remissions, whereas only 0–30% in the anti-CD40–alone group and none in the murine IL-15–alone group became tumor free (p &lt; 0.001). However, the combination regimen showed less efficacy in TRAMP-C2 tumor-bearing IL-15Rα−/− mice than in wild-type mice. The combination regimen significantly increased the numbers of TRAMP-C2 tumor-specific SPAS-1/SNC9-H8 tetramer+CD8+ T cells, which were associated with the protection from tumor development on rechallenge with TRAMP-C2 tumor cells. Using an in vitro cytolytic assay that involved NK cells primed by wild-type or IL-15Rα−/− bone marrow-derived DCs, we demonstrated that the expression of IL-15Rα by DCs appeared to be required for optimal IL-15–induced NK priming and killing. These findings support the view that anti-CD40–mediated augmented IL-15Rα expression was critical in IL-15–associated sustained remissions observed in TRAMP-C2 tumor-bearing mice receiving combination therapy.
HLA-B27 Homodimers and Free H Chains Are Stronger Ligands for Leukocyte Ig-like Receptor B2 than Classical HLA Class I
Authors: Giles Joanna , Shaw Jackie , Piper Christopher , Wong-Baeza Isabel , McHugh Kirsty , Ridley Anna , Li Demin , Lenart Izabela , Antoniou Antony N. , DiGleria Katilin , Kuroki Kimiko , Maenaka Katsumi , Bowness Paul , Kollnberger Simon 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Possession of HLA-B27 (B27) strongly predisposes to the development of spondyloarthritis. B27 forms classical heterotrimeric complexes with β2-microglobulin (β2m) and peptide and (β2m free) free H chain (FHC) forms including B27 dimers (termed B272) at the cell surface. In this study, we characterize the interaction of HLA-B27 with LILR, leukocyte Ig-like receptor (LILR)B1 and LILRB2 immune receptors biophysically, biochemically, and by FACS staining. LILRB1 bound to B27 heterotrimers with a KD of 5.3 ± 1.5 μM but did not bind B27 FHC. LILRB2 bound to B272 and B27 FHC and B27 heterotrimers with KDs of 2.5, 2.6, and 22 ± 6 μM, respectively. Domain exchange experiments showed that B272 bound to the two membrane distal Ig-like domains of LILRB2. In FACS staining experiments, B27 dimer protein and tetramers stained LILRB2 transfectants five times more strongly than B27 heterotrimers. Moreover, LILRB2Fc bound to dimeric and other B27 FHC forms on B27-expressing cell lines more strongly than other HLA-class 1 FHCs. B27-transfected cells expressing B27 dimers and FHC inhibited IL-2 production by LILRB2-expressing reporter cells to a greater extent than control HLA class I transfectants. B27 heterotrimers complexed with the L6M variant of the GAG KK10 epitope bound with a similar affinity to complexes with the wild-type KK10 epitope (with KDs of 15.0 ± 0.8 and 16.0 ± 2.0 μM, respectively). Disulfide-dependent B27 H chain dimers and multimers are stronger ligands for LILRB2 than HLA class I heterotrimers and H chains. The stronger interaction of B27 dimers and FHC forms with LILRB2 compared with other HLA class I could play a role in spondyloarthritis pathogenesis.
RGS16 Attenuates Pulmonary Th2/Th17 Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Shankar Sucharita P. , Wilson Mark S. , DiVietro Jeffrey A. , Mentink-Kane Margaret M. , Xie Zhihui , Wynn Thomas A. , Druey Kirk M. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) protein superfamily negatively controls G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathways. RGS16 is enriched in activated/effector T lymphocytes. In this paper, we show that RGS16 constrains pulmonary inflammation by regulating chemokine-induced T cell trafficking in response to challenge with Schistosoma mansoni. Naive Rgs16−/− mice were “primed” for inflammation by accumulation of CCR10+ T cells in the lung. Upon pathogen exposure, these mice developed more robust granulomatous lung fibrosis than wild-type counterparts. Distinct Th2 or putative Th17 subsets expressing CCR4 or CCR10 accumulated more rapidly in Rgs16−/− lungs following challenge and produced proinflammatory cytokines IL-13 and IL-17B. CCR4+Rgs16−/− Th2 cells migrated excessively to CCL17 and localized aberrantly in challenged lungs. T lymphocytes were partially excluded from lung granulomas in Rgs16−/− mice, instead forming peribronchial/perivascular aggregates. Thus, RGS16-mediated confinement of T cells to Schistosome granulomas mitigates widespread cytokine-mediated pulmonary inflammation.
The mediating effect of leader–member exchange on the relationship between Theory X and Y management styles and affective commitment: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Şahin Faruk 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between McGregor's Theory X and Y management styles and affective commitment through the mediating mechanism of the leader–member exchange (LMX). Adopting a multilevel perspective to explain the complex relations among variables, data were collected from 56 supervisors and 173 subordinates from yacht building companies in Turkey. The results indicated that the Theory Y management style related positively to affective commitment and LMX. In addition, the results indicated that LMX partially mediated the relationship between the Theory Y management style and affective commitment. However, the Theory X management style had no relationships with either LMX or affective commitment. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Exploring the psychological safety of R&D teams: An empirical analysis in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chi-Cheng , Jiang Pin-Chen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractR&D is uncertain work that involves the knowledge, skills, or perspectives of team members. When R&D teams develop new products or technologies, the need for psychological safety within the teams is increasingly emphasized. If R&D team members perceive that team psychological safety exists, they may be willing to offer knowledge or perspectives during the development process because they are not afraid of being rejected or embarrassed for speaking up. However, the application of the theory of team psychological safety to R&D teams is considerably limited. This study explores the antecedents and consequences of team psychological safety in R&D teams. Our research model is assessed using data from a sample of 245 team members from sixty technology R&D teams at a leading R&D institute and is analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) method. The results of this study suggest that: (1) social capital exerts a positive and significant effect on team psychological safety; (2) team psychological safety has a positive and significant impact on team performance; (3) knowledge sharing and team learning positively and significantly mediate the relationship between team psychological safety and team performance; and (4) knowledge sharing exhibits a positive and significant effect on team learning. This study also discusses the implications of team psychological safety for R&D teams.
Shared fate and social comparison: Identity work in the context of a stigmatized occupation
Authors: Vuuren Mark van , Teurlings Jacqueline , Bohlmeijer Ernst T 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose:People working in mines face the challenge to construct a positive self-image as society views their occupation as dirty and dangerous. The question was how these dirty workers used different normalizing strategies when specific contexts made a range of categories salient. Methodology:We used data from 32 semi-structured interviews with employees of South African gold mines, in which the participants told about the ways they dealt with taint. Findings:Miners were aware of stigmas. On the one hand, there was an awareness of the group's shared fate, in line with normalizing strategies found in other stigmatized occupations. On the other hand, we found several examples of social comparison within the group that challenged the expected strong group culture, i.e., supervisors distancing themselves from subordinates and men disparaging female miners. Practical and research implications:The nuances in our findings show the complexities of the ways people in stigmatized occupations deal with taint. Originality/value:In contrast to previous research, the miners did not only stress the group as a unity. It seems that the opposite processes of shared fate and downward comparison can emerge both, depending on self-categorization dynamics.
Serial and parallel organ‐at‐risk‐specific noncoplanar arc optimization for small versus large target volumes in liver SBRT
Authors: Lincoln John , MacDonald Lee , Ward Lucy , Johnston Shelly , Syme Alasdair , Thomas Christopher 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNoncoplanar arc optimization has been shown to reduce OAR doses in SRS/SRT and has the potential to reduce doses to OARs in SBRT. Extracranial targets have additional considerations, including large OARs and, in the case of the liver, volume constraints on the healthy liver. Considering pathlengths through OARs that encompass target volumes may lead to specific dose reductions as in the encompassing healthy liver tissue. These optimizations must also leverage delivery efficiency and trajectory sampling to ensure ease of clinical translation. The purpose of this research is to generate optimized static‐couch arcs that separately consider serial and parallel OARs and arc delivery efficiency, with a trajectory sampling metric, towards the aim of reducing dose to OARs and the surrounding healthy liver tissue. Separate BEV cost maps were created for parallel, and serial OARs by means of a fast ray‐triangle intersection algorithm. An additional BEV cost map was created for the liver which, by definition, encompasses the liver tumors. The individual costs of these maps were summed and combined with the sampling metric for 100 000 random combinations of arc trajectories. A search algorithm was applied to find an arc trajectory solution that satisfied BEV cost and sampling optimization, while also ensuring an efficient delivery was possible with a low number of arcs. This method of arc selection was evaluated for 16 liver SBRT patients characterized by small and large target volumes. Comparisons were made with a clinical arc template of coplanar arcs. Dosimetric plan quality was evaluated using published guidelines and metrics from RTOG1112. Four of five plan quality metrics for the liver were significantly reduced when planned with optimized noncoplanar arcs. Median (range) reductions of the volumes receiving 10, 18, and 21 Gy were found of 140.4 (295.8) cc (p = 0.001), 28.2 (230.6) cc (p = 0.002) and 18.5 (155.5) cc (p = 0.04). A significant increase in median (range) dose to the right kidney of 0.2 ± 0.9 Gy (p = 0.03) was also found using optimized noncoplanar arcs, which was below the tolerance of 10 Gy for all cases. The average number of arcs chosen was 4 ± 1. Optimizing serial and parallel OARs separately during static couch noncoplanar arc selection significantly reduced the dose to the liver during SBRT using a moderate number of arcs.
MU variability in CBCT‐guided online adaptive radiation therapy
Authors: Tanny Sean , Dona Lemus Olga M , Wancura Joshua , Sperling Nicholas , Webster Matthew , Jung Hyunuk , Zhou Yuwei , Li Fiona , Yoon Jihyung , Podgorsak Alexander , Zheng Dandan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeCBCT‐guided online‐adaptive radiotherapy (oART) systems have been made possible by using artificial intelligence and automation to substantially reduce treatment planning time during on‐couch adaptive sessions. Evaluating plans generated during an adaptive session presents significant challenges to the clinical team as the planning process gets compressed into a shorter window than offline planning. We identified MU variations up to 30% difference between the adaptive plan and the reference plan in several oART sessions that caused the clinical team to question the accuracy of the oART dose calculation. We investigated the cause of MU variation and the overall accuracy of the dose delivered when MU variations appear unnecessarily large.MethodsDosimetric and adaptive plan data from 604 adaptive sessions of 19 patients undergoing CBCT‐guided oART were collected. The analysis included total MU per fraction, planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OAR) volumes, changes in PTV‐OAR overlap, and DVH curves. Sessions with MU greater than two standard deviations from the mean were reoptimized offline, verified by an independent calculation system, and measured using a detector array.ResultsMU variations relative to the reference plan were normally distributed with a mean of −1.0% and a standard deviation of 11.0%. No significant correlation was found between MU variation and anatomic changes. Offline reoptimization did not reliably reproduce either reference or on‐couch total MUs, suggesting that stochastic effects within the oART optimizer are likely causing the variations. Independent dose calculation and detector array measurements resulted in acceptable agreement with the planned dose.ConclusionsMU variations observed between oART plans were not caused by any errors within the oART workflow. Providers should refrain from using MU variability as a way to express their confidence in the treatment planning accuracy. Clinical decisions during on‐couch adaptive sessions should rely on validated secondary dose calculations to ensure optimal plan selection.