bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia differently regulates the proportion of ALDHhi cells in lung squamous carcinoma H520 and adenocarcinoma A549 cells via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Liu Ni , Zheng Qi , Zhang Yuqing , Wang Huimin , Zhang Zhihui , He Long , Wei Chenxi , Xia Handai , Liu Yanguo , Wang Xiuwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a specific subpopulation of cancer cells with the ability of self‐renewal, infinite proliferation, multidifferentiation and tumorigenicity, and play critical roles in cancer progression and treatment resistance. CSCs are tightly regulated by the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia; however, how hypoxia regulates CSCs in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear.MethodsThe proportion of ALDHhi cells was examined using the Aldefluor assay. Tankyrase inhibitor XAV939 and siRNA were used to inhibit β‐catenin while pcDNA3‐β‐catenin (S33Y) plasmid enhanced the expression of β‐catenin. Western blot was administered for protein detection. The mRNA expression was measured by quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsWe found that hypoxia led to an increase in the proportion of ALDHhi cells in lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) H520 cells, while causing a decrease in the ALDHhi cell proportion in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) A549 cells. Similarly, β‐catenin expression was upregulated in H520 cells but downregulated in A549 cells upon exposure to hypoxia. Mechanically, the proportion of ALDHhi cells in both cell lines was decreased by β‐catenin inhibitor or siRNA knockdown, whereas increased after β‐catenin overexpression. Furthermore, hypoxia treatment suppressed E‐cadherin expression in H520 cells and enhanced N‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression, while this effect was completely opposite in A549 cells.ConclusionThe hypoxia‐EMT‐β‐catenin axis functions as an important regulator for the proportion of CSCs in NSCLC and could potentially be explored as therapeutic targets in the future.
Unexpected effect of geographic origin on post‐translocation survival in a long‐lived reptile, the gopher tortoise
Authors: Loope K. J. , Cozad R. A. , Breakfield D. B. , Aresco M. J. , Hunter E. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMitigation translocations move wildlife from specific areas due to conflict with humans over land use at the site. A critical decision when carrying out mitigation translocation is the acceptable distance across which animals can be moved. This decision trades off logistical expediency of unrestricted translocation with the risk of reducing translocation success due to environmental mismatch between origin and translocation site conditions. In this study, we used a large dataset of 502 individually identifiable carcasses to examine the role of geographic origin and translocation distance in the relative survival of 2822 translocated subadult and adult gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus), a species experiencing large‐scale mitigation translocation, at a recipient site in the Florida panhandle, USA. We hypothesized that if climate or habitat differences between the origin and translocation site influenced survival, tortoises translocated from within the Florida panhandle would have the highest survival. To the contrary, we found that survival slightly increased with increasing climatic difference between origin and recipient site, driven by higher survival of tortoises coming from central Florida sites compared to those from the panhandle and north Florida. This suggests that environmental mismatch due to long‐distance translocation is not a main driver of mortality. These models also indicated an effect of season, with a survival advantage to tortoises translocated in the spring and late fall, relative to summer translocations, and a negative effect of initial density on survival. Finally, we also estimated the upper bound on annual survival in three well‐monitored groups to be quite low (92–95%) for several years following release, suggesting caution when considering large translocated populations to be viable without first assessing adult survival. Our unexpected results highlight the importance of investigating species‐specific sensitivities to translocation distances and indicate the limitations of assumed linear effects of translocation distance on outcomes.
Rainfall variability and welfare of agricultural households: Evidence from rural Niger
Authors: Gansonré Soumaïla 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVariable weather continues to be the major source of vulnerability to chronic hunger and poverty in many developing countries due to the strong dependency of livelihood strategies on rainfed farming. Quantifying the effect of climatic parameters on agricultural households is, therefore, necessary to help policymakers understand the benefits of climate policies, improve the allocation of the scarce resources dedicated to adaptation and prioritize among adaptation strategies. This article investigates the empirical relationship between the welfare of rural households and rainfall variability in the semi‐arid tropics, using household panel data and high‐resolution remotely sensed rainfall data from Niger. We find that a standard deviation increase in rainfall variability is associated with a reduction of real food consumption by 11.13%. Results also indicate that a standard deviation increase in rainfall variability reduces expenditures for cereal‐based products, animal‐based products and processed foods by 11.96%, 21.31%, and 16.23%, respectively. Our results are consistent across a battery of robustness checks. Finally, we find geographical‐based differences in terms of the effect and that access to cereal banks cushions the negative effect of rainfall variability. Policy interventions aiming at improving the well‐being of rural households should therefore emphasize improving climate adaptation strategies.
Religious engagement and antibody response to the COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: McMahon Grace , Ysseldyk Renate , Foran Aoife Marie , Skrodzka Magdalena , Muldoon Orla T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research examined religious engagement and subsequent antibody responses to the COVID‐19 vaccine. Using publicly available data from the Understanding Society survey, we employed a longitudinal design. Between January 2016 and May 2018, respondents completed measures of religious belonging, frequency of attending religious services (i.e., extrinsic religiosity), and the difference religion made to their lives (i.e., intrinsic religiosity). A COVID‐19 survey wave was collected in March 2021 and measured antibody responses to the COVID‐19 vaccine via blood draw. A final sample of 746 adults [462 (61.9%) females, Mage = 61.94, SD = 19.07] was achieved. Mediation analyses (PROCESS, Model 4; Hayes, Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression‐based approach, The Guildford Press, 2022; Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression‐based approach; The Guildford Press) revealed one pathway through which religion and antibody responses to the COVID‐19 vaccine are associated, namely via extrinsic factors—attendance at religious services. In contrast, intrinsic religious factors which is the difference religion can make to one's life, was not a significant mediator. Overall, this analysis provides evidence that behavioural enactment of religion matters to the effectiveness of vaccination and the management of public health crises. It also highlights the value of social resources associated with engagement in valued social groups—and in particular religious social groups—for public health.
A predictive nomogram for short‐term outcomes of myasthenia gravis patients treated with low‐dose rituximab
Authors: Zhou Yufan , Guo Rongjing , Xia Xingyu , Jing Sisi , Lu Jun , Ruan Zhe , Luo Sushan , Huan Xiao , Zhao Chongbo , Chang Ting , Xi Jianying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to establish and validate a predictive nomogram for the short‐term clinical outcomes of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients treated with low‐dose rituximab.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 108 patients who received rituximab of 600 mg every 6 months in Huashan Hospital and Tangdu Hospital. Of them, 76 patients from Huashan Hospital were included in the derivation cohort to develop the predictive nomogram, which was externally validated using 32 patients from Tangdu Hospital. The clinical response is defined as a ≥ 3 points decrease in QMG score within 6 months. Both clinical and genetic characteristics were included to screen predictors via multivariate logistic regression. Discrimination and calibration were measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC) and Hosmer–Lemeshow test, respectively.ResultsDisease duration (OR = 0.987, p = 0.032), positive anti‐muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase antibodies (OR = 19.8, p = 0.007), and genotypes in FCGR2A rs1801274 (AG: OR = 0.131, p = 0.024;GG:OR = 0.037, p = 0.010) were independently associated with clinical response of post‐rituximab patients. The nomogram identified MG patients with clinical response with an AUC‐ROC (95% CI) of 0.875 (0.798–0.952) in the derivation cohort and 0.741(0.501–0.982) in the validation cohort. Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed a good calibration (derivation: Chi‐square = 3.181, p = 0.923; validation: Chi‐square = 8.098, p = 0.424).ConclusionsThe nomogram achieved an optimal prediction of short‐term outcomes in patients treated with low‐dose rituximab.
IRE1α pathway: A potential bone metabolism mediator
Authors: Yu Chengbo , Zhang Zhixiang , Xiao Li , Ai Mi , Qing Ying , Zhang Zhixing , Xu Lianyi , Yu Ollie Yiru , Cao Yingguang , Liu Yong , Song Ke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsteoblasts and osteoclasts collaborate in bone metabolism, facilitating bone development, maintaining normal bone density and strength, and aiding in the repair of pathological damage. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can disrupt the intracellular equilibrium between osteoclast and osteoblast, resulting in dysfunctional bone metabolism. The inositol‐requiring enzyme‐1α (IRE1α) pathway—the most conservative unfolded protein response pathway activated by ERS—is crucial in regulating cell metabolism. This involvement encompasses functions such as inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Many studies have highlighted the potential roles of the IRE1α pathway in osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts and its implication in certain bone‐related diseases. These findings suggest that it may serve as a mediator for bone metabolism. However, relevant reviews on the role of the IRE1α pathway in bone metabolism remain unavailable. Therefore, this review aims to explore recent research that elucidated the intricate roles of the IRE1α pathway in bone metabolism, specifically in osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and osteo‐immunology. The findings may provide novel insights into regulating bone metabolism and treating bone‐related diseases.
Modified sports interventions for children and adolescents with disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: de Sousa Junior Ricardo Rodrigues , Sousa Alice Bustamante , de Lima Arthur Felipe Barroso , de Barros Santos‐Rehder Rebeca , Simão Camila Rocha , Fischer Gabriela , Camargos Ana Cristina Resende , Clutterbuck Georgina L. , Leite Hércules Ribeiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo establish the scope of the literature on modified sports interventions for children and adolescents with disabilities.MethodFor this scoping review, articles were screened and the characteristics of studies were extracted. The modified sports interventions were described in terms of their structure, using the items of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication. Components of intervention treatment were described by using the language of the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System. Results were analysed and validated by a group of professionals, using the Public and Patient Involvement strategy.ResultsTwelve studies were eligible for inclusion, investigating interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and other conditions. Most studies presented a moderate level of evidence. Active ingredients were repeated sports‐related motor training and introduction to the sport through a ‘learning by action’ mechanism. The intervention target was gross motor skills performance, and intervention aims (indirect outcomes) were physical activity participation and different body functions.InterpretationThe inclusion of stakeholders in this review helped to validate our findings about the characteristics and structure of modified sports interventions, to identify research gaps, and to provide a step process for clinical implementation. Future investigations are warranted of the effectiveness of modified sports investigations with better quality studies, including participation outcomes and studies with non‐ambulant children.What this paper adds

Modified sports interventions target sport‐related skills performance and aim to achieve physical activity participation and body functions.

These interventions included group‐based, sports‐related motor skills training and introduction to sports in real‐world environments.

They are offered mostly for ambulant children with autism spectrum disorder and cerebral palsy.

Most studies of modified sports interventions presented moderate level of evidence.
Taking sides: Corporate social responsibility and political ideology
Authors: Gur Volkan Tibet , Tomashevskiy Andrey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the United States and other countries, large private firms are increasingly more likely to take public political stances on controversial issues. Firms behave as ideological actors when they take sides in large public debates on social and economic issues. These stances may involve public speech, changes in the terms of service, or in internal reorganization and intrafirm actions. Despite the increase in firms' political actions, firms' ideological orientations remain unexamined. To answer this question, we collect corporate social responsibility statements from Fortune 1000 firms. Using semisupervised topic models, we identify topics that reflect stances on environmental and social issues. We then examine if firms are more likely to take stances on political issues due to pragmatic or ideological factors. We find that while pragmatic considerations play a role, firms' political stances are more driven by the ideological orientation of employees and managers. This research contributes a novel measure of firm ideology and sheds new light on the determinants of corporate political activity.
Implementing Foundry: A cohort study describing the regional and virtual expansion of a youth integrated service in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Barbic Skye , Mallia Emilie , Wuerth Kelli , Ow Nikki , Marchand Kirsten , Ben‐David Shelly , Ewert Alayna , Turnbull Haley , Gao Chloe , Ding Xiaoxu , Dhillon Avneet , Hastings Katherine , Langton Julia , Tee Karen , Mathias Steve 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimIntegrated youth services (IYS) have been identified as a national priority in response to the youth mental health and substance use (MHSU) crisis in Canada. In British Columbia (BC), an IYS initiative called Foundry expanded to 11 physical centres and launched a virtual service. The aim of the study was to describe the demographics of Foundry clients and patterns of service utilization during this expansion, along with the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsData were analysed for all youth (ages 12–24) accessing both in‐person (April 27th, 2018‐March 31st, 2021) and virtual (May 1st, 2020‐March 31st, 2021) services. Cohorts containing all clients from before (April 27th, 2018‐March 16th, 2020) and during (March 17th, 2020‐March 31st, 2021) the COVID‐19 pandemic were also examined.ResultsA total of 23 749 unique youth accessed Foundry during the study period, with 110 145 services provided. Mean client age was 19.54 years (SD = 3.45) and 62% identified as female. Over 60% of youth scored ‘high’ or ‘very high’ for distress and 29% had a self‐rated mental health of ‘poor’, with similar percentages seen for all services and virtual services. These ratings stayed consistent before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsFoundry has continued to reach the target age group, with a 65% increase in number of clients during the study period compared with the pilot stage. This study highlights lessons learned and next steps to promote youth‐centred data capture practices over time within an integrated youth services context.
Prodromal questionnaire (PQ‐16) dimensionality among Colombian adolescent school students
Authors: Campo‐Arias Adalberto , Herazo Edwin , Caballero‐Domínguez Carmen Cecilia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe study aimed to determine the dimensionality of the Spanish version of the PQ‐16 among Colombian adolescent school students.MethodsA validation study was designed with the participation of 334 Colombian adolescent students aged between 13 and 17 (M = 15.2, SD = 1.1); 171 (52.1%) were girls, and 163 (47.9%) were boys, 229 (68.6%) were ninth‐grade students and 105 (31.4%) were tenth‐grade students. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed, internal consistency was calculated with the Kuder‐Richardson and McDonald's omega tests, and correlation with suicide ideation was computed with the Kendall correlation (r).ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis showed that the PQ‐16 adequately fit a unidimensional structure: RMSEA = 0.05 (90%CI 0.04‐0.06), CFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.90, SRMR = 0.05, chi‐squared = 193.18 (df = 102, p < 0.001) and normalized chi‐squared = 1.89. This factor presented high internal consistency: Kuder‐Richardson test and McDonald's omega of 0.83. The correlation between the PQ‐16 and suicide ideation was r = 0.45 (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe PQ‐16 is a one‐dimensional tool with high internal consistency and correlation with suicide ideation among schooled adolescents. Further research should explore the PQ‐16 performance against a structured clinical interview.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the visual mismatch negativity in schizophrenia
Authors: Mazer Prune , Carneiro Fábio , Domingo Juan , Pasion Rita , Silveira Celeste , Ferreira‐Santos Fernando 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMismatch negativity (MMN) is an event‐related potential component automatically elicited by events that violate predictions based on prior events. To elicit this component, researchers use stimulus repetition to induce predictions, and the MMN is obtained by subtracting the brain response to rare or unpredicted stimuli from that of frequent stimuli. Under the Predictive Processing framework, one increasingly popular interpretation of the mismatch response postulates that MMN represents a prediction error. In this context, the reduced MMN amplitude to auditory stimuli has been considered a potential biomarker of Schizophrenia, representing a reduced prediction error and the inability to update the mental model of the world based on the sensory signals. It is unclear, however, whether this amplitude reduction is specific for auditory events or if the visual MMN reveals a similar pattern in schizophrenia spectrum disorder. This review and meta‐analysis aimed to summarise the available literature on the vMMN in schizophrenia. A systematic literature search resulted in 10 eligible studies that resulted in a combined effect size of g = −.63, CI [−.86, −.41], reflecting lower vMMN amplitudes in patients. These results are in line with the findings in the auditory domain. This component offers certain advantages, such as less susceptibility to overlap with components generated by attentional demands. Future studies should use vMMN to explore abnormalities in the Predictive Processing framework in different stages and groups of the SSD and increase the knowledge in the search for biomarkers in schizophrenia.
Reliable detection of generalized convulsive seizures using an off‐the‐shelf digital watch: A multisite phase 2 study
Authors: Vakilna Yash Shashank , Li Xiaojin , Hampson Jaison S. , Huang Yan , Mosher John C. , Dabaghian Yuri , Luo Xi , Talavera Blanca , Pati Sandipan , Todd Masel , Hays Ryan , Szabo Charles Akos , Zhang Guo‐Qiang , Lhatoo Samden D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a machine learning algorithm using an off‐the‐shelf digital watch, the Samsung watch (SM‐R800), and evaluate its effectiveness for the detection of generalized convulsive seizures (GCS) in persons with epilepsy.MethodsThis multisite epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) phase 2 study included 36 adult patients. Each patient wore a Samsung watch that contained accelerometer, gyroscope, and photoplethysmographic sensors. Sixty‐eight time and frequency domain features were extracted from the sensor data and were used to train a random forest algorithm. A testing framework was developed that would better reflect the EMU setting, consisting of (1) leave‐one‐patient‐out cross‐validation (LOPO CV) on GCS patients, (2) false alarm rate (FAR) testing on nonseizure patients, and (3) “fixed‐and‐frozen” prospective testing on a prospective patient cohort. Balanced accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and FAR were used to quantify the performance of the algorithm. Seizure onsets and offsets were determined by using video‐electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. Feature importance was calculated as the mean decrease in Gini impurity during the LOPO CV testing.ResultsLOPO CV results showed balanced accuracy of .93 (95% confidence interval [CI] = .8–.98), precision of .68 (95% CI = .46–.85), sensitivity of .87 (95% CI = .62–.96), and FAR of .21/24 h (interquartile range [IQR] = 0–.90). Testing the algorithm on patients without seizure resulted in an FAR of .28/24 h (IQR = 0–.61). During the “fixed‐and‐frozen” prospective testing, two patients had three GCS, which were detected by the algorithm, while generating an FAR of .25/24 h (IQR = 0–.89). Feature importance showed that heart rate‐based features outperformed accelerometer/gyroscope‐based features.SignificanceCommercially available wearable digital watches that reliably detect GCS, with minimum false alarm rates, may overcome usage adoption and other limitations of custom‐built devices. Contingent on the outcomes of a prospective phase 3 study, such devices have the potential to provide non‐EEG‐based seizure surveillance and forecasting in the clinical setting.
Serotonin 2C receptor in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy: From brainstem expression to pharmacological blockade in relation to ventilatory function
Authors: Kouchi Hayet , Smith Jonathon , Georges Béatrice , Cracknell Freya , Bezin Laurent , Rheims Sylvain 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBecause of its involvement in breathing control and neuronal excitability, dysregulation of the serotonin (5‐HT) 2C receptor (5‐HT2C) might play a key role in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Seizure‐induced respiratory arrest is thus prevented by a 5‐HT2B/C agonist in different seizure model. However, the specific contribution of 5‐HT2C in chronic epilepsy‐related respiratory dysfunction remains unknown. In a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy (EPI rats), in which we previously reported interictal respiratory dysfunctions and a reduction of brainstem 5‐HT tone, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed overexpression of TPH2 (5‐HT synthesis enzyme), SERT (5‐HT reuptake transporter), and 5‐HT2C transcript levels in the brainstem of EPI rats, and of RNA‐specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1, ADAR2) involved in the production of 5‐HT2C isoforms. Interictal ventilation was assessed with whole‐body plethysmography before and 2 h after administration of SB242084 (2 mg/kg), a specific antagonist of 5‐HT2C. As expected, SB242084 administration induced a progressive decrease in ventilatory parameters and an alteration of breathing stability in both control and EPI rats. However, the size of the SB242084 effect was lower in EPI rats than in controls. Increased 5‐HT2C gene expression in the brainstem of EPI rats could be part of a compensatory mechanism against epilepsy‐related low 5‐HT tone and expression of 5‐HT2C isoforms for which 5‐HT affinity might be lower.