bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of genetic diversity in an invasive population of Asian long-horned beetles in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Carter Maureen E. , Smith Michael T. , Turgeon Jean J. , Harrison Richard G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAdult Asian long-horned beetles,Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), were discovered in Ontario, Canada, in 2003 in the vicinity of a commercial warehouse. Trees were heavily scarred with signs of attack and larvae and adult beetles were common, suggesting that there had been multiple generations at the site. We amplified 16 microsatellite loci from 326 beetles to examine genetic diversity in this population. Based on Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium, 6 of 16 loci were monomorphic and 8 were not, indicating nonrandom mating. Measures of microsatellite genetic diversity and mitochondrial DNA haplotype diversity were significantly lower than those inA. glabripennisfrom China and Korea but were not significantly different from those in the New York City population. The proportion of different multilocus genotypes in the Ontario population was lower than in the populations in New York City and Linden, New Jersey. These results suggest that limited genetic diversity in the Ontario population has not hampered reproduction of this invasive insect. This genetic signature is common in other invasive species, likely because a population is founded by a few closely related individuals, or a large founding population suffers subsequent genetic bottlenecks.
Sexual dimorphism in Ephedrus persicae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae): intraspecific variation in size and shape
Authors: Bogdanović Ana Mitrovski , Ivanović Ana , Tomanović Željko , Žikić Vladimir , Starý Petr , Kavallieratos Nickolas G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSexual dimorphism in size and shape has been studied in a wide range of organisms, but intraspecific variation in sexual dimorphism remains largely unexplored. In many parasitoid species the diversity of morphological-variation patterns within species is complicated by host effects. It is not known whether the magnitude and direction of sexual size dimorphism can be affected by the developmental environment (i.e., different host species). In this study we explored patterns of sexual dimorphism in size and shape in the aphid parasitoid Ephedrus persicae Froggatt. The analyzed sample consisted of 83 females and 54 males reared from five species of host aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from various areas of the Palaearctic region. The most notable result of the study is that E. persicae displays divergent patterns of sexual dimorphism in body size and wing size: females have larger bodies than males, but males have larger wings. Our analysis of wing size and wing shape also showed significant within species variation in the degree and pattern of sexual dimorphism. Variation in wing shape between the sexes seems to be more conserved than variation in wing size. Variation in wing shape is influenced predominantly by host (biotype) and to a lesser extent by sexual dimorphism within a biotype.
Sequential decision plan for controlling Mamestra configurata in spring canola
Authors: Wise I.L. , Turnock W.J. , Gavloski J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA sequential decision plan was developed for controlling larvae of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in canola (Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L., Brassicaceae), using 0.25 and 0.5 m2 sampling units. Fields in Manitoba were sampled from 1980 to 1994 to determine minimum sample sizes and upper and lower cumulative larval counts at three economic thresholds. Taylor’s power law described most of the variation between mean larval density and variance for 0.25 m2 (r2 = 0.926) and 0.5 m2 (r2 = 0.924) samples. Larvae were found to have a moderately clumped distribution in canola (b = 1.42). Levels of precision (D0) varying from 0.15 to 0.25 caused minimum sample sizes to vary between 6 and 21 for the 0.5 m2 samples to between 9 and 31 for the 0.25 m2 samples, for an economic threshold of 16–24 larvae/m2 (P = 0.20). Mean sampling times ranged from 40–108 for the 0.25 m2 samples to 49–126 min for the 0.5 m2 samples. The sampling plan for the 0.25 m2 samples was verified in 18 fields in 2006 and 2007. A correct decision was made in 87% (D0 = 0.25), 91% (D0 = 0.20), and 94% (D0 = 0.15) of the fields when the recommendation was to spray if a decision could not be reached after a second sampling. The mean number of samples needed for making a decision was 14 (D0 = 0.25), 19 (D0 = 0.20), and 32 (D0 = 0.15). We recommend that growers use a precision level of 0.20 to minimize error rates and sampling effort. In most years, the minimum number of 0.25 m2 samples per field that growers would need to take is 14–17.
New species ofBraggia(Hemiptera: Aphididae) on buckwheat in western North America
Authors: Pike K.S. , Graf G. , Foottit R.G. , Maw H.E.L. , Starý P. , Hammon R. , Miller D.G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSpecies ofBraggiaGillette and Palmer (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae: Aphidini) feed on various buckwheat,EriogonumMichx. (Polygonaceae), species in western North America. Two new species,Braggia columbianaPiken. sp. from Washington and Oregon andBraggia longicaudaPiken. sp. from Washington, Oregon, and northern California, are proposed. Descriptions, diagnoses, illustrations, mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 “barcode” sequences, a key to the species ofBraggia, and notes on biology, distribution, and parasitoid associations are provided.
α4β1 Integrin Mediates the Recruitment of Immature Dendritic Cells across the Blood-Brain Barrier during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Jain Pooja , Coisne Caroline , Enzmann Gaby , Rottapel Robert , Engelhardt Britta 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) within the CNS are recognized to play an important role in the effector phase and propagation of the immune response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanisms regulating DC trafficking into the CNS still need to be characterized. In this study, we show by performing intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy of the inflamed spinal cord white-matter microvasculature in SJL mice with EAE that immature, and to a lesser extent, LPS-matured, bone marrow-derived DCs efficiently interact with the CNS endothelium by rolling, capturing, and firm adhesion. Immature but not LPS-matured DCs efficiently migrated across the wall of inflamed parenchymal microvessels into the CNS. Blocking α4 integrins interfered with the adhesion but not the rolling or capturing of immature and LPS-matured DCs to the CNS microvascular endothelium, inhibiting their migration across the vascular wall. Functional absence of β1 integrins but not of β7 integrins or α4β7 integrin similarly reduced the adhesion of immature DCs to the CNS microvascular endothelium, demonstrating that α4β1 but not α4β7 integrin mediates this step of immature DCs interaction with the inflamed blood-brain barrier during EAE. Our study shows that during EAE, especially immature DCs migrate into the CNS, where they may be crucial for the perpetuation of the CNS-targeted autoimmune response. Thus therapeutic targeting of α4 integrins affects DC trafficking into the CNS and may therefore lead to the resolution of the CNS autoimmune inflammation by reducing the number of CNS professional APCs.
Dendritic Cells from Mycobacteria-Infected Mice Inhibits Established Allergic Airway Inflammatory Responses to Ragweed via IL-10– and IL-12–Secreting Mechanisms
Authors: Bilenki Laura , Gao Xiaoling , Wang Shuhe , Yang Jie , Fan Yijun , Han Xiaobing , Qiu Hongyu , Yang Xi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection can inhibit de novo and established allergen-induced asthma-like responses. The aim of this study was to examine the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in BCG infection-mediated inhibition of established allergy to a common environmental allergen—ragweed. The results showed that adoptive transfer of DCs from BCG-infected mice (DC[BCG]), in contrast to DCs from naive mice (DC[naive]), significantly inhibited established allergic airway eosinophilia and mucus overproduction. The inhibitory effect was correlated with alterations of allergen-driven cytokine and chemokine production as well as VCAM-1 expression in the lung. Flow cytometric analysis showed higher surface expression of CD8α and costimulatory markers in DC(BCG) than in DC(naive). Moreover, DC(BCG) produced significantly higher levels of IL-10 and IL-12 and expressed higher levels of TLRs than did DC(naive). Furthermore, blockade of IL-10 or IL-12 significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of DC(BCG) on established allergic airway inflammation and Th2 cytokine responses. These findings suggest that DCs play a crucial role in infection-mediated inhibition of established allergic responses, and IL-10 and IL-12 production by these DCs may be a major mechanism for the inhibition.
Regulatory T Cells Protect from Local and Systemic Bone Destruction in Arthritis
Authors: Zaiss Mario M. , Frey Benjamin , Hess Andreas , Zwerina Jochen , Luther Julia , Nimmerjahn Falk , Engelke Klaus , Kollias George , Hünig Thomas , Schett Georg , David Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We previously demonstrated the suppressive effects of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) on osteoclast differentiation in vitro. In this article, we show that blood markers of bone resorption inversely correlate with the amount of circulating Treg cells in healthy controls and rheumatoid arthritis patients, further suggesting that Treg cells may control bone destruction in vivo. Indeed, bone marrow from Foxp3-transgenic (Foxp3tg) mice fully protected human TNF transgenic (hTNFtg) mice from TNF-α–induced bone destruction, whereas Foxp3-deficient bone marrow enhanced local and systemic bone loss. The same protective effect was also obtained by treating hTNFtg mice with the CD28 superagonist mAb (CD28 SA), which increased Treg cell numbers. In both models, bone protection by Treg cells was associated with reduced osteoclast numbers, resulting in less bone-resorbing activity. Reduced osteoclast numbers were not caused by an intrinsic defect in osteoclast differentiation because osteoclast precursors from hTNFtg/Foxp3tg chimeras responded normally to M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. Although a decrease in the clinical signs of arthritis was observed in Foxp3tg bone marrow-transferred and CD28 SA-treated hTNFtg mice, the bone-protective effect of Treg cells was independent of the suppression of inflammation, as demonstrated by the increased systemic bone density observed in wild-type mice treated with CD28 SA. This work demonstrated that increasing Treg cell numbers improved clinical signs of arthritis and suppressed local and systemic bone destruction. Thus, enhancing the activity of Treg cells would be beneficial for the treatment of inflammation-induced bone loss observed in rheumatoid arthritis.
Synoviocyte Innate Immune Responses: II. Pivotal Role of IFN Regulatory Factor 3
Authors: Sweeney Susan E. , Kimbler Trevor B. , Firestein Gary S. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Innate immune responses contribute to synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3 and IRF7 to type I IFN-regulated gene expression in synoviocytes. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes were stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly [I-C]) after transfection with IRF3 or IRF7 small interfering RNA to knockdown transcription factor expression. Western blots, luciferase assay after transfection with reporter constructs, quantitative PCR, and AP-1 DNA binding ELISA were performed to evaluate the role of IRF3 and IRF7 in poly (I-C)–induced signaling and synoviocyte gene expression. IRF3 regulates IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter activity as well as IFN-β, IRF5, IRF7, RANTES, IFN-inducible protein-10, MCP-1, and MIP1α gene expression in response to poly (I-C). IRF7 knockdown modestly decreased a subset of genes and ISRE activity, although the results were not statistically significant. Surprisingly, IRF3 knockdown almost completely blocked expression of additional genes in which the ISRE is not traditionally considered a dominant promoter site in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3, MMP9, IL-6, and IL-8. Transcription factor activation studies demonstrated a role for IRF3 in regulation of c-Jun phosphorylation and AP-1 binding. IRF3 rather than IRF7 regulates poly (I-C)–induced type I IFN responses in human synoviocytes by increasing ISRE promoter activity. IRF3 also partially regulates expression of other cytokines and MMP through activation of c-Jun and the AP-1 promoter site. Targeting synoviocyte IRF3 represents a potential approach to suppress diverse mediators while limiting suppression of IRF7-mediated immune responses.
MicroRNA-21 and MicroRNA-148a Contribute to DNA Hypomethylation in Lupus CD4+ T Cells by Directly and Indirectly Targeting DNA Methyltransferase 1
Authors: Pan Wen , Zhu Shu , Yuan Min , Cui Huijuan , Wang Lijia , Luo Xiaobing , Li Jia , Zhou Haibo , Tang Yuanjia , Shen Nan 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disease caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations. DNA methylation abnormalities play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus disease processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated as fine-tuning regulators controlling diverse biological processes at the level of posttranscriptional repression. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been described in various disease states, including human lupus. Whereas previous studies have shown miRNAs can regulate DNA methylation by targeting the DNA methylation machinery, the role of miRNAs in aberrant CD4+ T cell DNA hypomethylation of lupus is unclear. In this study, by using high-throughput microRNA profiling, we identified that two miRNAs (miR-21 and miR-148a) overexpressed in CD4+ T cells from both patients with lupus and lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice, which promote cell hypomethylation by repressing DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression. This in turn leads to the overexpression of autoimmune-associated methylation-sensitive genes, such as CD70 and LFA-1, via promoter demethylation. Further experiments revealed that miR-21 indirectly downregulated DNMT1 expression by targeting an important autoimmune gene, RASGRP1, which mediated the Ras–MAPK pathway upstream of DNMT1; miR-148a directly downregulated DNMT1 expression by targeting the protein coding region of its transcript. Additionally, inhibition of miR-21 and miR-148a expression in CD4+ T cells from patients with lupus could increase DNMT1 expression and attenuate DNA hypomethylation. Together, our data demonstrated a critical functional link between miRNAs and the aberrant DNA hypomethylation in lupus CD4+ T cells and could help to develop new therapeutic approaches.
Phosphoantigens Overcome Human TCRVγ9+ γδ Cell Immunosuppression by TGF-β: Relevance for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Capietto Aude-Hélène , Martinet Ludovic , Cendron Delphine , Fruchon Séverine , Pont Frédéric , Fournié Jean-Jacques 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Human γδ cells expressing TCRVγ9 are HLA-unrestricted CTLs with high relevance for cancer immunotherapy. Many tumor cell types produce TGF-β, however, a cytokine strongly immunosuppressive for conventional T CD4, CD8, and NK cells. Whether TGF-β also inhibits TCRVγ9+ lymphocytes was unknown. Because phosphoantigens (PAgs), such as bromohydrin pyrophosphate, selectively activate the antitumor functions of TCRVγ9+ T cells, in this study, we investigated whether TGF-β modulates these functions. We report that TGF-β does not block activation of TCRVγ9+ T cells but inhibits their PAg/IL-2–induced proliferation and maturation into effector cells and finally reduces the cytotoxic activity of these γδ T cells when exposed to lymphoma target cells. TGF-β did not bias their differentiation pattern toward γδ Th17 or γδ regulatory T cells. Nevertheless, increasing doses of PAg stimulus countered TGF-β inhibition. So, although TGF-β impairs TCRVγ9+ γδ cells like other cytolytic lymphocytes, PAg alone or combined to therapeutic mAb has the ability to bypass its immunosuppressive activity.
Spectrum of surgical trauma and associated head injuries at a university hospital in eastern Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya A , Agrawal A , Yam B R , Agrawal C S , Lewis Owen 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT
Background: Trauma is one of the common surgical emergencies presenting at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Nepal, a tertiary referral center catering to the needs of the population of Eastern Nepal and nearby districts of India. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the magnitude, epidemiological, clinical profile and outcome of trauma at B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive case series study includes all patients with history of trauma coming to BPKIHS emergency and referred to the surgery department. We noted the detailed clinical history and examination, demographics, mechanism of injury, nature of injury, time of reporting in emergency, treatment offered (operative or non operative management) and analyzed details of operative procedure (i.e. laparotomy, thoracotomy, craniotomy etc.), average length of hospital stay, morbidity and outcome (according to Glasgow outcome scale). Collected data were analyzed using EpiInfo 2000 statistical software. Results: There were 1848 patients eligible to be included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 28.9 ± 19.3 years. Majority of the patients (38%) belonged to the age group of 21 - 40 years and the male to female ratio was 2.7:1. Most of the trauma victims were students (30%) followed by laborers (27%) and farmers (22%) respectively. The commonest causes of injury were fall from height (39%), road traffic accident (38%) and physical assault (18%); 78% of the patients were managed conservatively and 22% underwent operative management. Postoperative complications were seen in 18%. Wound infection 7.5%, neurological deficit including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otrorrhea was seen in 2.2% patients. Good recovery was seen in 84%, moderate disability in 5.2% patients and severe disability in 1.4% patients. The mortally was 6.3% and most of the deaths were related to traumatic brain injuries. Conclusions: In Nepal, trauma-related injury contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality and is the third leading cause of death. There are very few studies on trauma from this country and hence this study will help in understanding the etiology and outcome particularly in the Eastern region of Nepal.
Pituitary tuberculoma
Authors: Shukla S , Trivedi A , Singh K , Sharma V 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTTuberculosis of pituitary gland is rare. We report a case of tuberculosis of pituitary gland in a 68-year-old male presented with holocranial headache of four months duration with left temporal hemianopia, with visual acuity of 6/6, without any localizing sign. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a sellar ring enhancing mass with suprasellar extension. Patient was taken up for surgery and put on antitubercular treatment and hormone replacement therapy.
Giant solitary neurofi broma presenting as a neck mass in an infant
Authors: Dwivedi Sankalp , Baisakhiya Nitish , Bhake Arvind , Bhatt Manisha , Agrawal Amit 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTSolitary neurofi broma is a rare tumor of the head and neck region. It is more common in viscera, where it is associated with features of NF1. It occurs most often between the third and fourth decade. These lesions are extremely rare in infants. We report a case of giant, solitary neurofi broma presenting as a progressive mass in parotid region in an infant. This case is unique in its age of presentation (11 months), site, size (about 8 x 15 cm) without any symptoms or neurological defi cit.
Hirayama disease
Authors: Tayade Atul T , Kale Sushilkumar K , Pandey Arvind , Kalantri Shriprakash 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTA 17-year-old male, who gave up his favorite sport cricket and started playing football, presented with one-year history of slowly progressive atrophic weakness of forearms and hands. Neurological examination showed weak and wasted arms, forearms and hand but no evidence of pyramidal tract, spinothalmic tract and posterior column lesions. Plain cervical spine radiographs showed no abnormal fi ndings. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed asymmetric cord atrophy; images obtained with neck fl exed showed the anterior shifting of the posterior wall of the lower cervical dural sac resulting in cord compression. These fi ndings suggest Hirayama disease, a kind of cervical myelopathy related to the fl exion movements of the neck.
Bosmina remains in Lake Washington sediments: Qualitative heterogeneity of bay environments and quantitative correspondence to production1
Authors: Kerfoot W. Charles 
Published: May 2010

Bay environments differ in productivity and species composition from open waters. Transects of surface sediments in Lake Washington (Seattle) reveal significant morphological gradients in the small pelagic cladoceran Bosmina longirostris. In all bays examined, these bosminids range from shorter featured clones nearshore to longer featured clones offshore. However, because bays constitute such a limited areal extent of the lake (4.9%), only 2.3% of remains in midlake sediments came from bay populations. A core taken from midlake waters indicates nearly uniform long‐featured morphology of offshore Bosmina over the past 80–125 yr. The localized deposition of remains in bays underscores that biodiversity surveys of large lakes need to include bays in addition to open‐water samples.Clarifying how abundant cladoceran remains are produced, transported to, and preserved in sediments is crucial for interpreting historical sequences. A simple vertical model, derived from molting and death schedules, accurately predicts relative seasonal fluxes for remains at a midlake site (r = 0.9−0.95). However, the absolute flux is low, <7% of the expected rate, suggesting substantial loss through decomposition and fragmentation. Use of abundant cladoceran microfossils to reconstruct species‐specific or general secondary production requires careful calibration studies, although the potential dividends are great.
Diagnostic modeling of trace metal partitioning in south San Francisco Bay
Authors: Wood T. W. , Baptista A. M. , Kuwabara J. S. , Flegal A. R. 
Published: May 2010

The two‐dimensional numerical model ELAmet was used to investigate the effect of adsorption kinetics on the apparent distribution coefficients of Cu, Cd, and Zn in south San Francisco Bay, California. The numerical experiments were designed to determine whether adsorption kinetics can control the basin‐scale variability of the observed partitioning and to define the conditions under which adsorption kinetics could account for strong interannual variability in partitioning.The numerical results indicate that aqueous speciation will control basin‐scale spatial variations in the apparent distribution coefficient, Kda, if the system is close to equilibrium. However, basin‐scale spatial variations in Kda are determined by the location of the sources of metal and the suspended solids concentration of the receiving water if the system is far from equilibrium. The overall spatial variability in Kda also increases as the system moves away from equilibrium.