bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_242A: Assessment of self-medication practice among the school teachers of Bhopal
Authors: Pilkhwal Rashmi , Lanke G.W. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) define self-medication (SM) as a practice by which an individual selects and uses medicines to treat symptoms or minor health problems, recognized as such by themselves. Self-medication has a number of negative effects, including resource waste, greater disease resistance, and drug resistance. Lack of time, convenience, and awareness parameters, as well as distorted thinking, all contribute to today’s never-ending cycle of self medication and its detrimental effects.

Objectives:
1. To determine the prevalence of use of self-medication among school teachers of Bhopal. 2. To assess the construct connection between old and new practice by pre & post test scores.

Methodology:
Quasi-experimental, pre- and post-educational intervention study of randomly selected school teachers of Bhopal, Sample Size 136.5 ~ 140 using Cochran’s formula. A pre-validated, pre-tested, close-ended multiple- choice questionnaire on Socio-Demographic information, various domains like reasons, indications, medications used and source of knowledge for self- medication was filled in digital mode before and after the lecture demonstration.

Results:
The effectiveness of the educational program on most of the components was found positive.

Conclusion:
Awareness can be created through social media platforms regarding the detrimental effects of self-medication. Teachers can be the best resource persons in the dissemination of knowledge in schools and colleges.
IJCM_243A: Knowledge, attitude, and practice study on rabies and its prevention in Nanded city of Maharashtra
Authors: Fahim Saniya Aiman Mohammad Abdul , Inamdar IF , Gattani PL , Gadekar RD , Ammarah Sana , Maidapwad SL 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Rabies is a fatal disease. One of the main obstacles in reducing the prevalence of the disease is the lack of knowledge about animal bite and measures to be taken after it.

Objectives:
To access the knowledge attitude and practices related to Rabies, animal bite and utilisation of health care services related to animal bite among general population in a Nanded city of Maharashtra.

Methodology:
A cross sectional study was conducted among the general public aged more than 18 years in Nanded city of Maharashtra. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of people were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results:
Out of 122 people 89.3 % believed that animal bite causes disease. 82.7% believed rabies is fatal. 79.5% believed rabies can be prevented by vaccine. 81.9 % washed their wound with soap and water while 17.2% applied turmeric or lime.

Conclusion:
Knowledge about Rabies among general public seems to be superficial. Majority of people are still inclined towards traditional practices
IJCM_247A: Perception of Medical Students on Family Adoption Programme; A Study conducted in a Medical College of Odisha.
Authors: Patra Priya Ranjan , Panda Jasmin Nilima , Bisoyi Sasmit Kumari , MadhabSatapathy Durga 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Community engagement in medical education gives the students an insight into the living conditions of the public and how they influence their health. Community Medicine department accomplish this through field practice and family health studies. The Family Adoption Programme (FAP), newly mandated for all medical undergraduate students, brings its own set of challenges and opportunities. Family Adoption Programme aims to provide an experiential learning opportunity to Indian medical graduates towards community-based health care and thereby equity in health

Objectives:
1. To study the perceptions of Phase I MBBS Students on Family Adoption Program. 2. To determine the output of FAP implementation in MBBS curriculum.

Methodology:
A Cross-sectional study was conducted between August to November 2023 including 1st year MBBS students of MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha. A brief orientation was conducted by Dept. of Community Medicine on needs and competencies of FAP as recommended by the National Medical Commission(NMC). Students were sensitized to the FAP proforma prepared by the department. Periodic FAP visits for students in 4 groups was planned & conducted along with their assigned mentors at the selected nearby village. During these visits, students interacted with the families and details regarding health profile of the family were documented. Students perception & feedback was taken by Questionnaire using Google Form. A total 250 students were enrolled in FAP and 172 submitted their feedback. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests and software.

Results:
The study included 172 1st year MBBS students with age range of 18-26 years & mean age of 20.58± 1.315 years. Among them, 66.9% were males & 33.1% were females.66.9% of students responded that FAP was a very good experience.55.2% of study participants were satisfied with their adopted family. Most of the students were interested to be a part of such activity throughout the professional years.

Conclusion:
Implementation of FAP requires meticulous planning, intersectoral co-ordination, good sensitization and training activities
IJCM_251A: An Assessment of client satisfaction and factors associated with services provided by Urban Primary Health Centres (UPHCs) of Raipur city.
Authors: Lakra Melisha Shilpy , Jain Kamlesh , Verma Smita , Dengani Monika 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Healthcare is an important aspect of concern for individuals, involving a range of services provided to individuals, families, or communities by healthcare professionals. The objective is to promote, maintain, monitor, or restore health. Client satisfaction in health care is an important indicator used to measure the quality of services provided by the health care facilities. It is a key outcome of health care and use of services. The assessment of patient satisfaction extends across various dimensions of health services, encompassing factors such as the availability, accessibility, and convenience of services consisting of physician, pharmacy, nurses and registration services.

Objective:
To assess the client satisfaction about the services provided by Urban Primary Health Centres.

Methodology:
This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the Urban Primary Health Centres of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh. The Urban Primary Health Centres (8 UPHCs) are selected by simple random sampling by lottery method and the study subjects (425 study subjects) are selected by consecutive sampling. Predesigned, pretested questionnaire of socio demographic profile and predesigned, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire on client satisfaction are used for data collection which consisted of questions regarding Physical facilities, Physicians services, Nurses services, Pharmacy services, Registration services, Accessibility to services and Convenience. After collection of data, compilation of data will be done using Microsoft excel sheet. Data will be analysed using suitable statistical software (SPSS version 21)

Results:
The majority of study participants, 324 (76.2%) were females. The study showed that most, 274 (64.5%) of the study participants were between the age of 21 to 40 years. The study subjects showed satisfaction of 59.8%, 51.5%, 44.2%, 43.8%, and 42.6% for nurse’s services, accessibility to services, physician services, pharmacy services, and registration services respectively and 45.2% satisfaction for both convenience and physical facilities.

Conclusion:
The findings from this study showed that overall satisfaction with the services provided was above average. However, there was dissatisfaction observed with some services. The evaluation of patient satisfaction with healthcare services has emerged as a crucial concern. Effectively addressing this matter could serve as an important tool for healthcare providers, providing insights into both their areas for improvement and successes.
IJCM_256A: Trend in Tuberculosis Notification in Solapur district: Analysis from 2015 to 2022
Authors: Jogdand Santosh Jagannath , Bansode Minakshi , Gattani P.L. , Inamdar I.F. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
India contributes approximately 25% of the missing cases of tuberculosis (TB) globally. Even though ~50% of patients with TB are diagnosed and treated within India’s private sector, few are notified to the public healthcare system. India’s TB notification policy mandates that all patients with TB are notified through Nikshay (TB notification portal). We undertook this study to assess how mandatory notification has influenced the number of TB cases reported in the Nikshay portal from the private sector from Solapur district between 2015 and 2022.

Objective:
To evaluate the contribution of mandatory notification in enhancing TB notification in Solapur district between 2015 and 2022.

Methodology:
This study employed a quantitative observational approach, using record-based data extracted from the laboratory register and the Nikshay portal. The analysis period spanned from 2015 to 2022, allowing for an in- depth evaluation of TB notification trends before and after the implementation of the mandatory notification policy in 2018. Data was compiled and analysed using MS-Excel. Frequencies, means, and proportions used to effectively describe tuberculosis (TB) case notifications in both the private and public sectors were used.

Results:
Between 2015 and 2022, Solapur district experienced a variable but overall increasing trend in TB notification rates. In 2015, the TB notification rate was 58.15 per 100,000 population, which increased to 90.69 by 2022. The annual presumptive TB examination rates showed significant growth over the years. In 2015, the rate was 628 per 100,000 population, which escalated to 1965 by 2022.

Conclusion:
This rise is indicative of enhanced TB case detection, especially after the implementation of the mandatory notification policy and increase in presumptive TB examination rates is attributed to the rising use of advanced diagnostic methods such as CBNAAT and TrueNAT.
IJCM_268A: Navigating Transformative Pathways for SDGs through Innovation, Integration, and Implementation-A review of literature
Authors: Biradar Rishab , Patel Bharat 
Published: April 2024

Background:
This literature review examines some key articles addressing the theme “Transformations for achieving SDGs: Innovate, Integrate, Implement.” The articles provide insights into the concerns, strategies, and evaluation processes related to sustainable development goals (SDGs) with a focusing on India.

Objective:
The primary objectives of this literature review are to analyze the approaches highlighted in the selected articles and to identify common themes and deviations in the strategies proposed for achieving SDGs.

Methodology:
A systematic review of the selected 11 articles was conducted to fetch relevant information regarding innovations, integration approaches, and implementation strategies for achieving SDGs. Every article was scrutinized for key themes, methodologies, and their findings. The analysis considered multiple perspectives presented in the literature, including case studies, literature reviews, and working papers.

Results:
The literature review showed a multifaceted understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with achieving SDGs. Ahmad Mohd Khalid, Seema Sharma & Amlendu Kumar Dubey (2020) emphasized the specific concerns of developing countries, providing a case study for India. Srivastava (2018) advocated for standardized evaluation processes, highlighting a case study focused on India’s progress. RosÃ¡rio and Dias (2022) explored the impact of digital transition on sustainability through a detailed literature review. Additionally, insights from the Journal of Sustainability Science and Management and the working paper by Bajpai and Biberman (2020) discussed the integration of SDGs in the ICT sector.

Conclusion:
The findings suggests a variety in the pursuit of SDGs, with a diverse range of strategies and considerations. Innovations, integration efforts, and implementation methodologies vary across contexts and different sectors. The challenges discussed underscore the need for specific approaches, stressing the importance of standardized evaluation processes. Overall, the literature highlights the complexity of achieving SDGs, necessitating a comprehensive and adaptive framework that integrates innovative solutions, interdisciplinary collaboration, and effective implementation strategies.
IJCM_272A: Development of a Framework for Health Information Exchange and Interoperability in a group of Teaching Hospitals: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kamath Raksha , Reshmi Bhageerathy , Hazarika Partha Protim 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Health information exchange (HIE) is the electronic exchange of data or information between healthcare institutions, despite the fact that, the format and context of the information may vary. A robust HIE, which provides the seamless networking is not currently available. The gap in research pertaining mainly to Indian scenario where this study will be proposed would provide the much-needed evidence. The proposed study aims to develop a comprehensive framework for Health information exchange and interoperability for a group of teaching hospitals.

Objectives:
To understand and assess the current state, barriers and challenges related to HIE and interoperability; understand the perspectives and challenges of HIE and Interoperability among healthcare providers.

Methodology:
A qualitative study would be carried out among healthcare stakeholders which will serve in understanding the perspective and challenges of HIE and interoperability and develop a comprehensive framework for HIE and interoperability.

Results:
Coordinated care among the healthcare providers can be increased and serves in reducing the lost to follow up of patients which promotes patient quality of life and lowers the rate of mortality and morbidity. This will facilitate the quick access to the patient critical information, leading to better – informed diagnosis and treatment plans. This framework will significantly elevate the quality of care, streamline operations, will contribute to a reduction in mortality and morbidity.
IJCM_284A: A Community based Cross-sectional study to assess the foot care practice and its associated factors among Lymphatic Filariasis patients in rural areas of Chengalpattu district, 2023.
Authors: Kandaiah Santhosh P , Maheswari Uma R , Baranidharan B , Damodaran V 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical diseases, in which India has 40% of the world’s burden. LF patients suffering from disability, social stigma and severe morbidity remains as a significant public health concern. Patients to avoid acute attacks of lymphadenitis and to alleviate lymphoedema progression should have meticulous foot care practices.

Objectives:
1. To assess the foot care practices and its associated factors among lymphatic filariasis patients in rural areas of Chengalpattu. 2. To determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and clinical foot care practice among lymphatic filariasis patients in rural areas of Chengalpattu.

Methodology:
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural area of Chengalpattu by multi-stage random sampling method among 185 participants with lymphedema using a semi-structured questionnaire for regular foot care by interview. Data was collected by Epi-collect 5 software and analyzed using SPSS v 16.

Results:
Among 190 participants - 50.5% were above 60 years, 63.2% were females, 59.4% had education up to middle school, 56.8% were unemployed, 70% were from upper lower class and below. 68.4% (95% CI: 61.3-75) had good practice on foot care based on 8 recommended foot care measures. A significant association was found between good foot care practices and those above upper lower socioeconomic class [OR=3.9(1.71-8.90)], with chronic illness [OR=1.9(1.01-3.71)], with water supply at home [OR=3.64(1.23-10.7)], experiencing acute lymphadenitis attack [OR=0.345(0.14-0.82)], patient worn foot wear regularly [OR=3.51(1.26-9.74)], wearing shoes and slippers [OR=0.134(0.35- 0.51)], patient seeking OP services for filariasis regularly [OR=3.18(1.56- 6.47)] had health education[OR=3.31(1.36-8.08)] and attended training programme [OR=2.86(1.50-5.45)].

Conclusion:
Study indicated that people living with lymphoedema in rural areas of Chengalpattu district had good foot care practices. But more than one fourth of people had bad foot care practice, which can be improved by strengthening the patient follow-up, health education, training programme for patients and health care workers on foot care practice and morbidity management.
IJCM_285A: Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment among the Household Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients – Coverage and Correlates in a Block of Murshidabad District, West Bengal: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mukherjee Ophelia , Das Dilip Kumar , Adhikary Mrinmoy , Ghosh Ritu 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) among close contacts of Tuberculosis (TB) cases is a globally accepted strategy. India targeted elimination of TB by 2025 and started implementing TPT among all household contacts. This intervention needs evaluation in different areas and population groups for effective outcome.

Objectives:
We aimed to assess the extent of TPT coverage and adherence; ascertain the reasons for non-initiation and non-adherence; and to determine the socio-demographic and programmatic correlates of coverage.

Methodology:
We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study during September-November 2023 in a block of Murshidabad district, West Bengal. A sample of 301 eligible household contacts (HHC) of ‘index cases’ (microbiologically-confirmed drug-sensitive pulmonary TB) registered in TB unit of the block during October’22 to March’23 were the study subjects. For child contacts (<12 years), mothers were considered respondents. Participants/respondents were interviewed with a pre-designed schedule with prior informed consent. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for analysis through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20).

Results:
Of 301 contacts, 179 (59.5%) individually traced/counseled at the household; 238 (79.1%) were screened for TB symptoms; 28(11.3%) had sputum examination. TPT initiation rate was 74.8% (225/301) with 47.1% within seven days of diagnosis of index case; not offered by health care providers (59.2%) being major reason for non-initiation. Completion rate with adherence to full course was 69.3% (156/225); perceived lack of need (50.7%), migration (21.7%) being major reasons for non-adherence. Overall coverage of full course TPT among total eligible contacts was only 51.8% (156/301). On multivariable logistic regression; male gender (AOR=1.982; 95% CI=1.004-3.915), HHC with individual tracing/counseling (AOR=13.507; 95% CI= 6.781-26.906) and who had symptoms screening (AOR=5.694; 95% CI=2.223-14.587) predicted significantly higher TPT coverage.

Conclusion:
Cascade of care indicators for TPT remains suboptimal in the area and highlights the need for further strengthening of programmatic aspects of its implementation.
IJCM_291A: Hygiene Practices Among Food Handlers in a Hospital Setting: A Case Study from District Hospital Parbhani
Authors: Surwase Kishor Kaluram , Doibale Mohan , Lakhmawar Nagesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The role of food handlers in maintaining food safety, especially in healthcare settings, cannot be overstated. Poor hygiene practices can lead to foodborne illnesses, which are particularly dangerous in a hospital environment where patients may have compromised immune systems. Ensuring high standards of personal hygiene among food handlers is crucial in healthcare settings to prevent foodborne illnesses. This study focuses on the hygiene practices of food handlers in a hospital environment.

Objective:
To assess the personal hygiene practices of food handlers in District Hospital Parbhani. The study aims to identify the adherence level to hygiene standards and pinpoint areas for potential improvement in food safety practices.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional survey was employed, targeting food handlers in District Hospital Parbhani. The survey utilized a structured questionnaire to collect data on various aspects of personal hygiene, including hand hygiene, personal cleanliness, and safe food handling methods. The participants were also interviewed to understand their knowledge and attitudes towards food safety. The data collected was then systematically an analysed to identify patterns, strengths, and areas needing improvement in the hygiene practices of the food handlers.

Results:
In our study at District Hospital Parbhani, among the 126 food handlers, a notable 45.24% were below 30 years of age. When assessing hygiene practices, 74% of the handlers had clean nails, and approximately 50% practiced hand washing with soap and water after using the toilet. The cleanliness of kitchen areas was maintained by 73% of the establishments, with 62% using soap and detergents for cleaning purposes.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the critical role of rigorous personal hygiene practices among food handlers in healthcare settings. It recommends ongoing training and periodic evaluations at District Hospital Parbhani to sustain and enhance these hygiene standards, thereby ensuring the health and safety of patients and staff.
IJCM_294A: COVID-19 vaccination status and willingness for booster dose among staff and students of tertiary care institute
Authors: Sharma Nikita , Thakare Meenal Madhukar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Exposure to new COVID-19 variants and decline in herd immunity may result in new or repeat infection. The booster dose may face certain challenges that result in low uptake. The aim of the study was to assess the COVID-19 vaccination status and willingness of medical staff and students to receive further booster doses.

Objectives:
1. To assess the willingness of staff and students regarding booster dose of any COVID-19 vaccine. 2. Explore reason behind the willingness of booster dose and nasal route.

Methodology:
A cross sectional study was conducted among the staff and students of a tertiary care institute. With 5% margin of error, 95% confidence interval, intention to receive booster vaccine as 55.3% and 10% non-response rate, the sample size was calculated as 312. The participants received a web based semi-structured questionnaire through email and WhatsApp. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive analysis was performed in the form of frequency and proportions for categorical variables.

Results:
About 302 participants responded to the survey. About 51.3% of them were females and 61.2% belonged to 18-29 year age group. The health workers, ancillary staff and students were 37.7%, 40% and 22.2% respectively. About 49.3% received a precaution dose while 49% had received 2 doses of any COVID-19 vaccine. About 72.1% of the participants were willing to receive another booster dose. Perception of vaccine as an immunity booster was the top reason for the willingness. About 34.2% (25/73) of them preferred nasal route for the booster with 66.3% (21/33) perceiving it convenient to administer.

Conclusion:
Knowledge about the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and perceptions regarding the booster dose may help to increase the readiness of medical community to uptake the booster. Alternative routes of administration and reasons for willingness may reduce the skepticism for booster dose.