bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronically saturating levels of endogenous glycine disrupt glutamatergic neurotransmission and enhance synaptogenesis in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampus
Authors: Bakkar Wafae , Ma Chun‐Lei , Pabba Mohan , Khacho Pamela , Zhang Yong‐Li , Muller Emilie , Martina Marzia , Bergeron Richard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGlycine serves a dual role in neurotransmission. It is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and brain stem and is also an obligatory coagonist at the excitatory glutamate, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Therefore, the postsynaptic action of glycine should be strongly regulated to maintain a balance between its inhibitory and excitatory inputs. The glycine concentration at the synapse is tightly regulated by two types of glycine transporters, GlyT1 and GlyT2, located on nerve terminals or astrocytes. Genetic studies demonstrated that homozygous (GlyT1−/−) newborn mice display severe sensorimotor deficits characterized by lethargy, hypotonia, and hyporesponsivity to tactile stimuli and ultimately die in their first postnatal day. These symptoms are similar to those associated with the human disease glycine encephalopathy in which there is a high level of glycine in cerebrospinal fluid of affected individuals. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the impact of chronically high concentrations of endogenous glycine on glutamatergic neurotransmission during postnatal development using an in vivo mouse model (GlyT1+/−). The results of our study indicate the following; that compared with wild‐type mice, CA1 pyramidal neurons from mutants display significant disruptions in hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission, as suggested by a faster kinetic of NMDAR excitatory postsynaptic currents, a lower reduction of the amplitude of NMDAR excitatory postsynaptic currents by ifenprodil, no difference in protein expression for NR2A and NR2B but a higher protein expression for PSD‐95, an increase in their number of synapses and finally, enhanced neuronal excitability. Synapse 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of ex‐vivo high‐resolution episcopic microscopy with in‐vivo four‐dimensional high‐resolution transvaginal sonography of the first‐trimester fetal heart
Authors: Gindes L. , Matsui H. , Achiron R. , Mohun T. , Ho S. Y. , Gardiner H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the capability of three‐dimen‐sional (3D) reconstructed images produced by high‐resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) with that of in‐vivo four‐dimensional high‐resolution transvaginal sonography (4D‐HRTVS) to discern morphological features of the first‐trimester human fetal heart.MethodsThis was a prospective study of fetal hearts between 9 and 14 weeks' gestation. For ex‐vivo 3D analysis, 30 human fetal hearts (at 9 + 0 to 14 + 6 weeks) were retrieved from surgical terminations of pregnancy. The specimens were embedded in resin and episcopic (‘block‐face’) imaging was used to obtain a digital volume dataset (HREM) using 3‐micron slicing. 4D‐HRTVS was performed in 28 separate pregnancies at 10 + 2 to 14 + 0 weeks using a Voluson E8 ultrasound machine with volumetric transvaginal RIC 6–12‐MHz transducers. Heart volumes obtained by both methods were compared to assess their ability to demonstrate first‐trimester cardiac morphology. Comparisons were made in the transverse and sagittal planes, and using volume rendering.ResultsAll hearts were structurally normal, although abdominal situs was not examined in the isolated hearts that underwent HREM. 4D‐HRTVS demonstrated each of the complete five transverse cardiac views in 32–86% of cases. HREM showed four features unique to the first‐trimester human heart: prominent atrial appendages, spiral ventricular arrangement, prominent coronary arteries and thickened arterial walls. 4D‐HRTVS could demonstrate the first two, but ultrasound resolution was too poor to quantify wall thickness and demonstrate coronary arteries in the 3–5‐mm diameter heart.Conclusions4D‐HRTVS showed limited morphological features of the first‐trimester fetal heart compared with HREM. HREM provides a gold standard of ex‐vivo imaging against which developments in ultrasound resolution could be compared. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance losses due to ice accretion for a 5 MW wind turbine
Authors: Homola Matthew C. , Virk Muhammad S. , Nicklasson Per J. , Sundsbø Per A. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA numerical study of power performance losses due to ice accretion on a large horizontal axis wind turbine blade has been carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and blade element momentum (BEM) calculations for rime ice conditions. The computed aerodynamic coefficients for the normal and iced blades from the CFD calculations were used together with the BEM method to calculate the torque, power and curves of the wind turbine for both normal and icing conditions. The results are compared with the published data. It is shown that icing results in a reduced power production from the turbine and that changing the turbine controller could improve the power production with iced blades. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of regulatory elements in the AGT1 promoter of ale and lager strains of brewer's yeast
Authors: Vidgren Virve , Kankainen Matti , Londesborough John , Ruohonen Laura 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAgt1 is an interesting α‐glucoside transporter for the brewing industry, as it efficiently transports maltotriose, a sugar often remaining partly unused during beer fermentation. It has been shown that on maltose the expression level of AGT1 is much higher in ale strains than in lager strains, and that glucose represses the expression, particularly in the ale strains. In the present study the regulatory elements of the AGT1 promoter of one ale and two lager strains were identified by computational methods. Promoter regions up to 1.9 kbp upstream of the AGT1 gene were sequenced from the three brewer's yeast strains and the laboratory yeast strain CEN.PK‐1D. The promoter sequence of the laboratory strain was identical to the AGT1 promoter of strain S288c of the Saccharomyces Genome Database, whereas the promoter sequences of the industrial strains diverged markedly from the S288c strain. The AGT1 promoter regions of the ale and lager strains were for the most part identical to each other, except for one 22 bp deletion and two 94 and 95 bp insertions in the ale strain. Computational analyses of promoter elements revealed that the promoter sequences contained several Mig1‐ and MAL‐activator binding sites, as was expected. However, some of the Mig1 and MAL‐activator binding sites were located on the two insertions of the ale strain, and thus offered a plausible explanation for the different expression pattern of the AGT1 gene in the ale strains. Accordingly, functional analysis of A60 ale and A15 lager strain AGT1 promoters fused to GFP (encoding the green fluorescent protein) showed a significant difference in the ability of these two promoters to drive GFP expression. Under the control of the AGT1 promoter of the ale strain the emergence of GFP was strongly induced by maltose, whereas only a low level of GFP was detected with the construct carrying the AGT1 promoter of the lager strain. Thus, the extra MAL‐activator binding element, present in the AGT1 promoter of the ale strain, appears to be necessary to reach a high level of induction by maltose. Both AGT1 promoters were repressed by glucose but their derepression was different, possibly due to a distinct distribution of Mig1 elements in these two promoters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Doctor Facing Turbulent Times: Antoni Tomasz Jurasz, Citizen of the World
Authors: Magowska Anita 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe eponymous of the Jurasz procedure is Antoni Tomasz Jurasz (1882–1961). The procedure is a standard approach to treating mature pancreatic pseudocysts that are in contact with the stomach, although recent advances in instrumentation have empowered surgeons to perform pseudocystogastrostomy laparoscopically for this problem. Dr. Jurasz was born in Germany but felt himself as Polish as his ancestors. He graduated from Heidelberg with a degree in medicine. Over the following years, he developed a German surgery school, especially helping with the achievements of Erich Lexer and Erwin Payr. During the period between World Wars I and II, Jurasz chaired and led the Surgery Clinic of Poznan University in Poland; and he gave lectures and performed public operations abroad. These activities, together with articles published in German‐, French‐, and English‐language medical journals, made him a world‐renowned figure in the field of abdominal and thyroid surgery. During World War II, he revealed exceptional traits, taking part in the September Campaign in Poland as a surgeon. He then organized the Polish School of Medicine and the Paderewski Hospital in Edinburgh. Despite his outstanding mind, generosity, and merits, A. T. Jurasz became persona non grata in Communist Poland, which ultimately persuaded him to emigrate to the United States.
Enzymatic deinking of secondary fibers: cellulases/hemicellulases versus laccase-mediator system
Authors: Ibarra David , Concepción Monte M , Blanco Angeles , Martínez Angel T , Martínez María J 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The use of enzymes has been suggested as an environmentally friendly alternative to complement conventional chemical deinking in the recycling of recovered paper. This study compares the use of cellulases/hemicellulases versus the laccase-mediator system for deinking printed fibers from newspapers and magazines. For this purpose, two commercial enzyme preparations with endoglucanase and endoxylanase activities (Viscozyme Wheat from Aspergillus oryzae and Ultraflo L from Humicola insolens, Novozymes) and a commercial laccase (NS51002 from Trametes villosa, Novozymes), the latter in the presence of synthetic or natural (lignin-related) mediators, were evaluated. The enzymatic treatments were studied at the laboratory scale using a standard chemical deinking sequence consisting of a pulping stage; an alkaline stage using NaOH, sodium silicate and fatty acid soap; and a bleaching stage using hydrogen peroxide. The handsheets were then prepared and their brightness, residual ink concentration, and strength properties were measured. Among the different enzymatic treatments assayed, both carbohydrate hydrolases were found to deink the secondary fibers more efficiently. Brightness increased up to 3–4% ISO on newspaper fibers, being Ultraflo 20% more efficient in the ink removal. Up to 2.5% ISO brightness increase was obtained when magazine fibers were used, being Viscozyme 9% more efficient in the ink removal. Regarding the laccase-mediator system, alone or in combination with carbohydrate hydrolases, it was ineffective in deinking both newspaper and magazine fibers, resulting in pulps with worse brightness and residual ink concentration values. However, pulp deinking by the laccase-mediator system was displayed when secondary fibers from printed cardboard were used, obtaining up to 3% ISO brightness increase and lower residual ink concentrations.
Production of bioactive sheep β-defensin-1 in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Zhao Pengwei , Cao Guifang 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Previous research has shown that sheep β-defensin-1 (sBD-1), a small cationic peptide with a broad range of antimicrobial activities, could inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as that of fungi. In order to increase the yield of current ovine defensin purification methods, mature sBD-1 (msBD-1) was added with a 6-His tag on the C-terminus (msBD-1-T) and expressed in Pichia pastoris in the presented work. The msBD-1 and msBD-1-T were expressed in the Pichia pastoris. Both msBD-1 and msBD-1-T were purification, and the two peptides were used to inhibit Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella flexneri. The antimicrobial activity of the 6-His tagged msBD-1-T peptide was not significantly different from that of the native msBD-1 peptide. The two peptides could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella flexneri with equal efficiency as well as chemoattractant function. In addition, the yield of purified 6-His-tagged msBD-1 was greater than that of msBD-1. The presented method might be a more efficient approach to produce bioactive sBD-1.
Correlation between pellet morphology and glycopeptide antibiotic balhimycin production by Amycolatopsis balhimycina DSM 5908
Authors: Singh Kamaleshwar P , Wangikar Pramod P , Jadhav Sameer 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Actinomycetes, a class of filamentous bacteria, are an important source of several industrially relevant secondary metabolites. Several environmental factors including the media composition affect both biomass growth and product formation. Likewise, several studies have shown that environmental factors cause changes in cellular morphology. However, the relationship between morphology and product formation is not well understood. In this study, we first characterized the effect of varying concentrations of phosphate and ammonia in defined media on pellet morphology for an actinomycete Amycolatopsis balhimycina DSM 5908, which produces balhimycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic. Our results show that higher balhimycin productivity is correlated with the following morphological features: (1) higher pellet fraction in the biomass, (2) small elongated pellets, and (3) shorter filaments in hyphal growth in the periphery of the pellets. The correlation between morphology and product formation was also observed in industrially relevant complex media. Although balhimycin production starts after 72 h with maximum production around 168 h, the morphological changes in pellets are observed as early as 24 h after commencing of the batch. Therefore, morphology may be used as an early predictor of the end-of-batch productivity. We argue that a similar strategy can be developed for other strains where morphological indicators may be used as a batch monitoring tool.
Ethanolic Extract of Propolis Promotes Reverse Cholesterol Transport and the Expression of ATP‐Binding Cassette Transporter A1 and G1 in Mice
Authors: Yu Yang , Si Yanhong , Song Guohua , Luo Tian , Wang Jiafu , Qin Shucun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) is beneficial in increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL‐C) and diminishing risks of atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the effects of EEP on reverse cholesterol transport in mice. 3H ‐cholesterol laden macrophage was injected intraperitoneally into mice fed by gastric gavage with EEP. Plasma lipid level was determined and 3H‐cholesterol was traced in plasma, liver and feces. The effects of EEP on ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 and G1 (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptor BI (SR‐BI) in mice liver and in cultured cells were also investigated. EEP administration led to a significant increase in HDL‐C and peritoneal macrophage‐original 3H‐cholesterol in plasma, liver and feces. Liver protein expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1 were increased but SR‐B1 was not. In vitro experiments with HepG2 and Raw264.7 cell lines confirmed the above results. The finding of these studies shows that EEP‐enhanced reverse cholesterol transport may have resulted from EEP stimulated plasma HDL level and hepatic ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression.
Determinants of DHA Incorporation into Tumor Tissue During Dietary DHA Supplementation
Authors: Hajjaji Nawale , Schubnel Valérie , Bougnoux Philippe 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA), upon incorporation into tumor tissue, has the potential to sensitize tumors to the effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Although DHA has usually been supplied to tumor tissue in the diet, appropriate dietary conditions required to obtain optimal tumor levels have not been established. Hence, we studied mammary tumor tissue responses in rats fed various durations and doses of DHA. Rats fed a palm oil enriched diet (diet 0) were switched to diets providing either 0.8 g DHA/day (diet 1) or 1.5 g DHA/day (diet 2). Tumor tissue fatty acid composition was analysed at baseline (diet 0), at weeks 1, 4 and 9 during diet 1 and at week 4 during diet 2. Dietary DHA supplementation differentially increased DHA within phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fractions in tumors. DHA level equilibrated between 2 and 4 weeks in PL while DHA increase was more progressive in TAG and did not reach a steady state. A higher dose of DHA further increased DHA content in tumor PL and TAG (P = 0.018 and P < 0.001, respectively). DHA concentration in plasma PL was positively correlated with DHA in tumor PL (r = 0.72; P = 0.0003) and TAG (r = 0.64; P = 0.003). We conclude that dietary DHA supplementation enhances tumor content of DHA in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner, and that the DHA level in plasma PL could be used as a proxy for tumor DHA. These findings have implications for dietary DHA supplementations in cancer patients.
Effects of oxidative stress on the expression of 8‐oxoguanine and its eliminating enzymes in human keratinocytes and squamous carcinoma cells
Authors: Nakayama Shuji , Kajiya Hiroshi , Okabe Koji , Ikebe Tetsuro 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose of the research: An oxidized form of guanine, 8‐oxoGua, is known to have a potential to induce genetic mutations, thereby causing carcinogenesis. Mammalian cells hence have various mechanisms to eliminate 8‐oxoGua in DNA and nucleotide pools. Since MutT‐related enzymes, MTH1 and NUDT5, can hydrolyze 8‐oxoGua‐containing nucleotides in nucleotide pools, the expressions of MTH1 and NUDT5 are likely to be involved in controlling oxidation‐induced carcinogenesis. In the present study, we examined the expressions of 8‐oxoGua, MTH1, and NUDT5 in human normal keratinocytes and human oral squamous carcinoma cells treated with H2O2.Principal results: The immunofluorescent study demonstrated that the localization of 8‐oxo‐dGTP changed from cytoplasm to nucleus in the treatment with H2O2 in both cell types. The Western blotting analysis as well as RT‐PCR revealed that H2O2 enhanced the expression of NUDT5, but not MTH1, in normal keratinocytes. The increased NUDT5 proteins were also detected in the nuclear extracts of keratinocytes treated with H2O2. In contrast, H2O2 had no effects on the expressions of NUDT5 and MTH1 in squamous carcinoma cells.Major conclusions: NUDT5 may thus be involved in preventing carcinogenic mutations in keratinocytes under oxidative stress, and its impaired expression may promote their carcinogenesis.
Beta‐adrenergic blocker for hyperventilation syndrome in dentistry: A report of three cases
Authors: Tomioka Shigemasa , Nakajo Nobuyoshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHyperventilation syndrome is an acute complication sometimes encountered in dentistry and is generally treated or prevented with benzodiazepines. We report three cases of hyperventilation syndrome that were dramatically improved or prevented by intravenous administration of a beta‐adrenergic blocker.
Fish oil combined with SCFA synergistically prevent tissue accumulation of NEFA during weight loss in obese mice
Authors: Pedersen Maiken H. , Lauritzen Lotte , Hellgren Lars I. 
Published: June 2011

Based on their proposed metabolic effects, we examined whether fish oil (FO) and SCFA, alone or in combination, accelerate weight loss and the resultant metabolic improvements. Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6J mice by high-energy feeding for 10 weeks. The mice were transferred to a low-fat diet (2·5w%) for 4 weeks, the source of fat being either FO, a lard–safflower oil mix (control), or both types combined with SCFA. Weight, fasting insulin, tissue and serum lipid concentrations, as well as mRNA amount of genes related to adipose inflammation and hepatic fat oxidation were determined. All groups lost weight and showed reduced fasting insulin concentrations and reduced liver TAG. However, weight loss on the control-fat diet caused significant increase in hepatic and cardiac NEFA. Substituting 20 % of the fat with SCFA increased weight loss by 48 % and reduced fasting insulin 1·5-fold more than the no-SCFA diets. It furthermore significantly increased the amount of mRNA for PPAR-α, and decreased the mRNA amount for NF-κB in the liver and white adipose tissue. The FO diets enhanced improvement of tissue lipid levels. Thus, FO improved liver TAG and NEFA levels compared with weight loss on the control diet. Combining FO and SCFA further reduced tissue NEFA accumulation. In conclusion, we found that dietary SCFA had a significant impact on gene expression in the liver and adipose tissue, and that the effect of FO on tissue NEFA content was modified by SCFA. Thus, interactions between fatty acids should be considered when studying the effects of specific fatty acids.
Effects of Nori- and Wakame-enriched meats with or without supplementary cholesterol on arylesterase activity, lipaemia and lipoproteinaemia in growing Wistar rats
Authors: Olivero-David Raúl , Schultz-Moreira Adriana , Vázquez-Velasco Miguel , González-Torres Laura , Bastida Sara , Benedí Juana , Isabel Sanchez-Reus María , José González-Muñoz María , Sánchez-Muniz Francisco J. 
Published: June 2011

Some seaweeds exert antioxidant and hypocholesterolaemic properties. The effects of diets including restructured meats (RM) containing Wakame (W) or Nori (N) algae on arylesterase (AE) activity and lipoprotein concentration and composition were tested. In the present study, six groups of ten male growing Wistar rats each were fed a mix of 85 % AIN-93M diet and 15 % freeze-dried RM for 35 d. The control group (C) consumed control RM, the W and N groups consumed RM with 5 % W and 5 % N, respectively. The cholesterol-enriched C (CC), W (CW) and N (CN) groups consumed their corresponding basal diets with supplementary cholesterol (2·43 %) and cholic acid (0·49 %). Cholesterol in the diet induced lower (P < 0·001) growth ratios. Both W and N diets significantly increased AE activity. VLDL-cholesterol values were lower in N rats than in W rats. AE activity increased (P < 0·001) in CC and CW rats but not in CN rats compared with their corresponding counterparts. AE was lower (P < 0·05) in the CN group than in the CC and CW groups. The CN diet partially blocked (P < 0·001) the hypercholesterolaemic induction observed in CC and CW diets and reduced TAG levels (at leastP < 0·05) with respect to those of CC rats. Although dietary cholesterol supplementation increased total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and (intermediate-density lipoprotein+LDL)-cholesterol (allP < 0·001) in all rats, the CN diet moderately improved the lipoprotein profile of hypercholesterolaemic rats. Changes in AE activity and plasma cholesterol in CN rats but not in CW rats suggest a possible relationship between the two parameters. It is concluded that inclusion of RM enriched with N may be used in hypercholesterolaemic diets to improve lipoprotein metabolism.