bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islamic Instruments for Refugee Financing: The IsDB and UNHCR Collaborative Approach
Authors: Pericoli Altea 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTConsidering the Islamic perspective on forced migration and displacement, along with the conceptual framework of Islamic social welfare instruments as tools for wealth redistribution to support those in need, this study explores the potential complementarity between Islamic and conventional financing in addressing refugees' basic needs and economic empowerment. Specifically, this research examines and compares programs implemented by the UNHCR Refugee Zakat Fund and the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) to support Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Jordan from 2019 to 2022. To assess the effectiveness of different Islamic social welfare (ISW) instruments in responding to the Syrian refugee crisis, the study analyses projects financed by UNHCR and IsDB in both countries, focusing on the categories of beneficiaries targeted and the types of activities implemented. Which instruments are used by these two organisations, given their distinct mandates and approaches, in supporting Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Jordan? How are they collaborating to establish a shared platform to tackle the global refugee crisis? Can secular and religious forms of financing be considered complementary tools for sustainable financial support? The research addresses these questions and identifies the limits and potentials of using Islamic social welfare instruments as a sustainable tool for refugee financing.
Assure or Insure Cyber Risk? Nonprofessional Investors' Willingness to Invest*
Authors: Gauch Kevin , Quick Reiner 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOrganizations face severe cyber risks, which may lead companies to contract related insurance or to demand cybersecurity assurance services to signal risk management. This paper experimentally investigates how cybersecurity assurance and insurance against cyber risks impact nonprofessional investors. We conducted an experiment with a 2 × 2 between‐subjects design with 100 UK nonprofessional investors and manipulated the assurance provision and insurance purchase to analyze their impact on willingness to invest. Our results suggest that cybersecurity assurance and cyber risk insurance positively affect willingness to invest. The results confirm the usefulness of measures to handle cyber risks and are of interest to managers, auditors, regulators, and academics.
Means to an end: Characteristics and follow‐up of emergency department patients with a history of suicide attempt via medication overdose
Authors: Benz Madeline B. , Rafferty Neil S. , Arias Sarah A. , Rabasco Ana , Miller Ivan , Weinstock Lauren M. , Boudreaux Edwin D. , Camargo Carlos A. , Gaudiano Brandon A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveAvailability and accessibility of a wide range of medications may be a contributing factor to rising medication‐related overdose (OD) rates. Treatment for both suicide attempts (SAs) and ODs often occurs in the emergency department (ED), highlighting its potential as a screening and intervention point. The current study aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals who reported SA via medication OD compared to other methods and to examine how these patients’ suicide severity and behaviors differed over 12‐month post‐ED follow‐up.MethodsData were analyzed from Phases 1 and 2 of the Emergency Department Safety Assessment and Follow‐up Evaluation multicenter study (N = 1376). Participants with a history of SA (n = 987) were categorized based on whether they indicated a past medication‐related SA via OD.ResultsOf participants with history of SA, 62.7% (n = 619) reported medication OD for either their most serious or their most recent SA. Multivariate analyses indicated female birth sex, diagnosis of bipolar disorder, and having some college education were significantly associated with membership in the medication OD attempt group (p <0.05). Of those who attempted suicide over the 12‐month follow‐up, nearly 60% of participants in the medication OD attempt group reported a subsequent SA via OD over follow‐up. However, nearly half (46.5%) of participants with no medication OD at baseline also reported medication OD at follow‐up.ConclusionsAmong patients presenting to the ED, females, individuals with bipolar disorder, and patients with a college education, respectively, may be at highest risk for SAs via medication OD. Prospectively, medication OD appears to be a frequent method, even among individuals with no prior attempt via OD, as demonstrated by the high percentage of patients who did not have a medication OD at baseline, but reported a medication OD during follow‐up.
Radiologic Anatomy of the Thorax of the Southern Giant Pouched Rat (Cricetomys ansorgei)
Authors: Kibona Vumilia J. , Makungu Modesta 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe southern giant pouched rat (Cricetomys ansorgei) is a large rodent native to the savannahs of southern and East Africa, commonly kept as a pet and used for medical purposes, including the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis, Brucella infection, and land mines. Despite its biomedical significance, limited information exists on its thoracic radiological anatomy. This study aimed to describe the normal thoracic radiographic anatomy of Cricetomys ansorgei to support anatomical and clinical research. Radiographs of 34 adult southern giant pouched rats were taken under general anaesthesia, including right lateral (RL) and dorsoventral (DV) views of the thorax. Most rats exhibited 13 thoracic vertebrae and 13 pairs of ribs, with the last two floating pairs. All rats displayed six sternebrae, and the trachea was visible without mineralised cartilaginous rings. The cranial mediastinum appeared wider than the spine in all individuals. The cranial border of the cardiac silhouette was poorly visualised on the RL view but more clearly defined and oblong‐shaped on the DV view. The mean vertebral heart size (VHS) measured on the DV view (10.59) was significantly larger than that measured on the RL view (9.49). Additionally, gravel and sand grains were commonly observed in the cranial abdomen. While the thoracic anatomy of Cricetomys ansorgei shares some characteristics with other rodents, rabbits, and domestic cats, several distinctive anatomical features were identified. These findings provide a valuable reference for anatomical studies, biomedical applications, and routine clinical assessments.
Changes in identity and habit formation during 3 months of sport and physical activity participation among parents with young children
Authors: Rhodes Ryan E. , Wierts Colin M. , Beauchamp Mark R. , Carson Valerie , Courtnall Sandy , Blanchard Chris M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding factors that might contribute to sustained moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) after the initial start of participation is important. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in PA habit and identity, two constructs purported to drive behavioral maintenance, among parents of young (< 13 years of age) children participating in a PA intervention across 3 months. Parents (team sport n = 58; individual PA n = 60; control n = 66) completed measures of PA habit, PA identity, and self‐reported MVPA at baseline, and post‐randomization at 6 weeks and 3 months. Identity and habit showed an increase across time, and these changes interacted with group condition assignment. Identity increased for participants in the team sport condition and was significantly different from a stable profile among those assigned to the control condition. Participants in the individual PA condition increased identity from 6 weeks to 3 months. Habit had a more attenuated change across time, with participants in the team sport condition showing an increase from 6 weeks to 3 months compared with the other conditions. The findings contribute to our understanding of maintenance processes and represent the first exploration of how involvement in team sport might shape subsequent habit and identity development.
Second Opinion Referrals of Cancer Patients in Japan—A Nationwide Study
Authors: Takasawa Mieko , Teramoto Norihiro , Yamashita Natsumi , Higashi Takahiro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSeeking a second opinion (SO) is a patient's right that is essential to appropriate decision‐making for their care and treatment. In Japan, however, no previous studies have provided objective data on the nationwide practice of SO among cancer patients. In this study, we investigated SO referrals, including delays in initiating care, using data from nationwide hospital‐based cancer registries and 2018–2020 the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) survey. Among the more than 2.6 million patients diagnosed with cancer, 1.6% received SO referral letters as reimbursement. The referral rates varied based on sex, age, and geographic regions. A total of 52.1% of SO were sought before active treatment of the tumor. Approximately 60% of the patients who sought SO prior to the initial treatment returned to their original provider for treatment. The average period from diagnosis to the start of treatment among those who sought SO was 18 days and 22 days longer for non‐small lung cancer and breast cancer, respectively, than among those who did not seek SO. In the future, the risk–benefit of SO referral should be examined, considering both the prognostic impact of treatment delay due to SO and the psychological benefits for the patient gained from SO.
Key lessons learned from food insecurity during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Arab countries
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Suzan , Abonazel Mohamed R 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the main drivers of food insecurity in five understudied Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region (Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Sudan, and Morocco) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Unlike previous studies, this article explains the lessons learned from the pandemic to inform appropriate responses to any future crises. The study used the Combined COVID‐19 MENA Monitor Household Survey (CCMMHH), compiled by the Economic Research Forum in 2020–21. To determine the key factors affecting food insecurity, multivariate regression with fixed effects for waves and administrative zones was employed to capture the unobservable factors. Permanent and temporary loss of jobs and decrease in wages were identified as significant independent risk factors for experiencing food insecurity. Work characteristics played a significant role in shaping food security in the surveyed Arab countries. The pandemic has highlighted the social groups whose food security must be protected to achieve economic stability in light of such crises.
What's ideological about limited government?
Authors: Bjørnskov Christian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe findings in the literature on the influence of government ideology on economic freedom are mixed. How to aggregate or disaggregate measures of limited government is an open question and causality remains a problem in most studies. This article employs data on government spending and regulation using a new disaggregation scheme developed by Ryan Murphy, and employs a causal strategy relying on comparing general results with results after close elections. The empirical findings indicate that government investment and ownership are affected by government ideology while a statistically significant association with government spending probably reflects the reverse causal direction.
Endothelial Cells and the Blood–Brain Barrier: Critical Determinants of Ineffective Reperfusion in Stroke
Authors: Li Xiang , Simo Leticia , Zhao Qianhui , Kim Enoch Gene , Ding Yuchuan , Geng Xiaokun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIneffective reperfusion remains a critical challenge in neurointerventional treatment following ischemic stroke, with the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) being a key determinant of patient outcomes. This review explores the distinctive characteristics and roles of brain endothelial cells (ECs) in the context of stroke and ineffective reperfusion. We examine the unique properties of brain ECs compared to their counterparts in other tissues, focusing on their pathophysiological changes, functional impairments and the inflammatory cascades that follow stroke. Differences in gene expression between brain ECs and those in other organs offer deeper insights into their role in neuroprotective therapies. Additionally, drawing parallels between brain ECs and ECs from organs with similar ischemia–reperfusion injury profiles may inspire novel therapeutic approaches. This review highlights the critical importance of understanding the nuanced roles of ECs in BBB regulation, which ultimately impacts reperfusion outcomes.
Beyond Surface Level: Evaluating Spatial Incongruencies in High‐Resolution Bottom Temperature Trends for the Gulf of Mexico, 1996–2012
Authors: Thorr Jill C. , Chambers Don , Quinlan John A. , Kilborn Joshua P. , Murawski Steven A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSemi‐enclosed seas present complex and nonlinear challenges to understanding climate impacts on fisheries because continental margins restrict poleward movement by taxa seeking to maintain preferred temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico (GoM), a semi‐enclosed, marginal sea surrounded by the North American continent, supports many economically and ecologically important demersal species. A comprehensive assessment of GoM demersal environments is vital to understanding and predicting potential distribution shifts by such taxa. Here we present a Gulf‐wide, interannual spatial evaluation of bottom temperature trends between 1996‐2012. We validated and used bottom temperature products from a regional reanalysis with 24‐h temporal and 1/25° spatial resolution (33,159 grid cells and 6209 days). Ordinary least‐squares and autoregressive models estimated temporal trends and uncertainty, and optimized hot spot analyses identified spatial locales of anomalies. Bottom water cooling occurred along the West Florida Shelf, Florida Keys, northwest Cuba, and the Tamaulipas‐Veracruz Shelf. Warming trends dominated the Bay of Campeche and Louisiana–Texas Shelf. Highest warming and cooling rates were 0.25 (± 0.011)°C year−1 (uncertainty as 95% confidence; located in the Campeche subregion) and −0.12 (± 0.015)°C year−1 (located in the Florida Keys), respectively. Increased duration of Loop Current impingement on the “pressure point” near the Dry Tortugas may drive the observed cooling trends in the eastern GoM, whereas warming trends likely arise from mixing of shallow surface waters. This study highlights the importance of spatiotemporal bottom temperature analyses in complex semi‐enclosed seas where bottom temperature trends may be counterfactual to the long‐term surface warming narrative.
Drought Impacts on Plant–Soil Carbon Allocation—Integrating Future Mean Climatic Conditions
Authors: Leyrer Vinzent , Blum Juliette , Marhan Sven , Kandeler Ellen , Zimmermann Telse , Berauer Bernd J. , Schweiger Andreas H. , Canarini Alberto , Richter Andreas , Poll Christian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDroughts affect soil microbial abundance and functions—key parameters of plant–soil carbon (C) allocation dynamics. However, the impact of drought may be modified by the mean climatic conditions to which the soil microbiome has previously been exposed. In a future warmer and drier world, effects of drought may therefore differ from those observed in studies that simulate drought under current climatic conditions. To investigate this, we used the field experiment ‘Hohenheim Climate Change,’ an arable field where predicted drier and warmer mean climatic conditions had been simulated for 12 years. In April 2021, we exposed this agroecosystem to 8 weeks of drought with subsequent rewetting. Before drought, at peak drought, and after rewetting, we pulse‐labelled winter wheat in situ with 13CO2 to trace recently assimilated C from plants to soil microorganisms and back to the atmosphere. Severe drought decreased soil respiration (−35%) and abundance of gram‐positive bacteria (−15%) but had no effect on gram‐negative bacteria, fungi, and total microbial biomass C. This pattern was not affected by the mean precipitation regime to which the microbes had been pre‐exposed. Reduced mean precipitation had, however, a legacy effect by decreasing the proportion of recently assimilated C allocated to the microbial biomass C pool (−50%). Apart from that, continuous soil warming was an important driver of C fluxes throughout our experiment, increasing plant biomass, root sugar concentration, labile C, and respiration. Warming also shifted microorganisms toward utilizing soil organic matter as a C source instead of recently assimilated compounds. Our study found that moderate shifts in mean precipitation patterns can impose a legacy on how plant‐derived C is allocated in the microbial biomass of a temperate agroecosystem during drought. The overarching effect of soil warming, however, suggests that how temperate agroecosystems respond to drought will mainly be affected by future temperature increases.
A Mixed Methods Evaluation of the Statutory Duty of Candour in Victorian Health Services: Study Protocol
Authors: Harrison Reema , Adams Corey , Haque Nabila Binte , Morris Jennifer , Watson Liat , Siiankoski Kristiina , Chauhan Ashfaq , Danthakani Thrivedi Sesha Sai , Ameen Sarah , Hibbert Peter , Manias Elizabeth , Youngs Nicole , Birks Lanii , Walpola Ramesh , Fischer Sarah , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundA statutory duty of candour (SDC) was introduced in 2022 in the Australian state of Victoria to increase openness and honesty with patients and families about healthcare adverse events. SDC requires each healthcare service entity by law to provide the patient or their family or carer who experiences an adverse event with; a written account of the facts, an apology, a description of the health service's response to the event, and the steps being taken to prevent reoccurrence. This research aims to evaluate the impacts of SDC in the 2 years since its implementation.DesignA mixed‐methods sequential design will be employed, comprising a document literature review, document analysis, survey and interview data from patients, families and health service staff between 2024 and 2026.DiscussionBy conducting an evaluation of the impacts of SDC within 2 years of its implementation in Victorian health settings, this research will provide the first independent evidence of how the SDC is being used and affecting healthcare experiences. This research will use evaluation criteria from the UK's Duty of Candour review to gather data that can be compared with UK findings and the disclosure experiences of patients in New South Wales, Australia. Our findings will provide a vital contribution to the sparse evidence base about the SDC and its application in healthcare settings internationally.Patient or Public ContributionThree members of the public (JM, LW and KS) were involved in the design of the research proposal, reviewing and contributing to the ethics protocol, the protocol paper as authors and the protocol for the systematic review that has been developed as a basis for this research. These collaborators will contribute to be involved in all aspects of the research as part of the project team.
Effect of low humidity on the barrier functions of keratinocytes in a reconstructed human epidermal model
Authors: Izutsu‐Matsumoto Yukiko , Okano Yuri , Masaki Hitoshi , Tokudome Yoshihiro , Iwabuchi Tokuro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveDry skin occurs in the winter season when the relative humidity is low; however, the mechanism by which low humidity induces dry skin is not fully understood. To develop measures against dry skin in winter, understanding early changes in the skin upon exposure to low humidity is essential. This study employed a reconstructed human epidermal model (RHEM) to understand these changes.MethodsThe stratum corneum (SC) of RHEM was exposed to low‐humidity air for 1 h, and trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) and the penetration rate of lucifer yellow (LY) were measured. mRNA level expression of each target protein and the amounts of ceramides in RHEM were quantified using real‐time PCR and LC‐EIS/MS/MS, respectively. Protein localization in RHEM was visualized using immunostaining.ResultsUpon exposure to low humidity for 1 h, TEWL and LY penetration in the SC of RHEM were elevated. Even though there was no change in the amount of ceramides, the expression of cornified cell envelope (CCE) component proteins such as filaggrin (FLG) and loricrin (LOR) decreased. Furthermore, free SH and SS crosslink in SC of RHEM exposed to low humidity was decreased, and the SC became less hydrophobic. In tight junctions that contribute to barrier function, cloudin1 (CLDN1) and ZO‐1 decreased upon exposure to low humidity.ConclusionLow humidity induces immature differentiation of the skin at an early stage characterized by corneocytes with CCE in fragile structures and reduced expression of tight junction proteins. Thus, it can be inferred that repeated exposure to dry air results in the repetition of these initial reactions, ultimately resulting in dry skin.
The Dermatology of Recreational Scuba Diving: A Narrative Review
Authors: Scheinkman Ryan , Gwillim Eran , Barbota Kristiana , Tordjman Lea , Houk Garrett , Latta Steven , Jean‐Pierre Phillippe , Nouri Keyvan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTScuba diving is a popular watersport in the United States, with over 9 million certified divers. This activity uses specialized equipment that enables swimmers to explore deeper into the ocean for a more extended period than free diving. This popularity has led to the development of diving medicine, a multidisciplinary field that includes dermatologic management. An extensive literature review was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar, using key search terms related to diving and dermatology to compile relevant peer‐reviewed articles. This review examines the dermatological impacts of recreational and commercial diving. We explore hyperbaric oxygen therapy, its effects on the skin, and its potential benefits in wound healing. Furthermore, we present how environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) exposure and marine water toxins may increase skin cancer risk. We also discuss the risk of direct injury and envenomation from marine organisms and the risk of bacterial wound infections from different pathogens in marine water. We also reviewed the cutaneous manifestations of decompression sickness. As more people engage in recreational and commercial diving for extended periods, further research on potential dermatological implications is needed. Dermatologists could provide counseling on the use of sun‐protective clothing and sunscreen to minimize cancer risk from UV exposure, on self‐cleaning wounds to minimize infection risk from marine pathogens and identifying cutaneous infections, signs of decompression sickness, and methods of treating and preventing marine envenomation and bites.