bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VOCs (toluene) removal from iron ore sintering flue gas via LaBO3 (B = Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co) perovskite catalysts: experiment and mechanism
Authors: Ding Long , Zhao Hexi , Li Yafei , Wang Yifan , Long Hongming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The challenges posed by volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in iron ore sintering flue gas are significant. La-based perovskite catalysts offer a promising solution for efficiently degrading VOCs. In this study, a series of LaBO3 (B = Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co) perovskite catalysts were synthesized using the sol-gel method. The influence of various B-site elements on the catalyst’s structure and surface chemical properties was thoroughly examined. Simulations were conducted to assess the VOC reduction capabilities of these catalysts under conditions mimicking sintering flue gas composition. It was found that the crystallite size of the perovskite catalyst decreases as the ionic radius of the B-site elements increases, while the specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore size increase correspondingly. Notably, LaCoO3 and LaMnO3 demonstrated exceptional activity, attributed primarily to their elevated surface oxygen concentration and oxygen migration capability, positioning them as highly promising materials for further development. Furthermore, a proposed mechanism elucidates the La-based perovskite catalytic reduction of toluene, wherein lattice oxygen and adsorbed oxygen undergo mutual conversion during the oxidation process. This mechanism aligns with the L-H and M-v-K models, providing a comprehensive understanding of the catalytic process.
A brief history of risk assessment for agrochemicals
Authors: Solomon Keith R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Risk assessment of pesticides has its roots in the same process for chemicals in general, both of which are relatively recent. Pesticides such as oxides of sulfur and some minerals were also used by early civilizations but the concepts of dose-response and risk as a probability were only documented in the literature (books) in the 1500s and 1600s, respectively. Formal use of toxic dose and safety factors for humans was developed as inorganic and organic pesticides entered the market after the 1930s, but only made use of simple hazard ratios to characterize danger. This approach continued until adoption of the concept of probability of exposure of humans to pesticides via dietary exposure, but not sensitivity of humans. It was in 1980s–90s that the use of probability was suggested as a way of characterizing variation in sensitivity of species in the environment as well as the exposures in environmental matrices. As we move into the future, risk assessment of agrochemicals will evolve to include new frameworks and approaches for dealing with conflicting data, such as Weight of Evidence.
Recent advances in 4D printing of hydrogels
Authors: Li Tongqing , Huang Zhenjia , Tsui Gary Chi-Pong , Tang Chak-Yin , Deng Yu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
4D printing, the fabrication of dynamic 3D objects, has emerged as a frontier in additive manufacturing, benefiting from rapid advancements in 3D printing technologies and the development of new stimuli-responsive materials. Among the diverse materials explored for 4D printing, the hydrogel, renowned for its exceptional flexibility, biocompatibility, and tunable mechanical properties, is a class of soft materials well-suited for 4D printing. In addition to selecting and developing appropriate stimuli-responsive materials, it is important to devise suitable printing strategies to enable the fabrication of hydrogel-based structures that can perform complex shape-changing under external stimuli in various applications, such as soft robotics and biomedical areas. In view of this, various printing strategies, including structural design, printing scheme, and stimuli control are systematically summarized. This review aims to provide an up-to-date evolution of 4D-printed hydrogels and insights into the utilization of these printing strategies and printing techniques, such as direct ink writing, stereolithography, and two-photon polymerization, in the 4D printing of hydrogel structures for specific functions and applications.
Semi-Lagrangian approximations of the transfer operator in divergent form
Authors: Shaydurov Vladimir V. , Petrakova Viktoriya S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The paper demonstrates two approaches to constructing monotonic difference schemes for the transfer equation in divergent form from the family of semi-Lagrangian methods: Eulerian–Lagrangian and Lagrangian–Eulerian. Within each approach, a monotonic conservative difference scheme is proposed. It is shown that within the framework of the Lagrangian–Eulerian approach, based on the use of curvilinear grids formed by the characteristics of the approximated transfer operator, it is possible to construct monotonic difference schemes of second order accuracy.
Testicular ultrasound measurement of testicular volume and epididymis diameters: Prediction of semen quality in a prospective study
Authors: Pásztor Norbert , Veréb Dániel , Király István Előd , Kincses Zsigmond Tamás , Palkó András , Németh Gábor , Bajory Zoltán , Fejes Zsuzsanna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo identify the most predictive ultrasound parameters for the assessment of male infertility by a multiparametric study.Materials and MethodsA total of 64 males were recruited in the study group and 14 men in the control group. At first, grey-scale and color and Power Doppler ultrasonographic imaging was used to analyze testicular morphological characteristics and detect intratesticular abnormalities. Various ultrasound parameters of B-mode US and strain-elastography were related to total sperm count (TSC).ResultsThe prevalence of varicocele was not significant (P = 0.33), though presented a 2.53-fold odds ratio The strain ratios of both testes, the volume of the left testis and the size of the left appendix were most associated with the results of semen analysis according to a Variable Importance in the Projection (VIP) score of >1. The first latent variable from the PLS analysis explained a significant amount of variance in TSC, concentration, and motility parameters (P < 0.0002) and showed that bilateral strain ratio, the size of the testis, and the volume of left appendix were the most significant US predictors of the pathological semen and sperm cell features.ConclusionsOur results showed that B-mode US with strain elastography is among more sensitive US approaches in evaluating male fertility.
Assessing the Impact of Coastal Erosion on Land use and Landcover, A Time Series Analysis using DSAS and GIS in Cuddalore Shore, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Ramanujam S. Sriman , Balasubramanian Gurugnanam , Bairavi S. , Joseph Jeevan , Pereira Glitson Francis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
One of the most fragile places on earth is the coastal zone. There are several different ecosystems in this area. In this area, erosion and accretion are typical natural occurrences. These changes could also threaten the coastal ecology. Uneven coastal changes can result from natural processes such rainfall, cyclones, floods, tectonic shifts and longshore drift. Similar to this, anthropogenic influences like mining, unscientific land use, urbanisation, etc., contribute to coastal processes and bring much more significant alterations in the coastal region. Therefore, identifying such a location is crucial. Advanced approaches for studying shoreline change have been made possible by geospatial technology. The enormous effort to obtain an accurate result over a greater area has become easier as a result. In order to examine the changes in the Cuddalore shoreline during the years 2002, 2007, 2013, 2017, and 2022, Landsat satellite imageries with 30 m spatial resolution were used. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool for analysing shoreline change has been integrated to Geographic Information System (GIS) software. DSAS was used to construct the baseline transects for the shoreline change measurement. Using the MATLAB feature runtime function for ArcGIS, the rate of shoreline change was computed. Based on the DSAS output, the area of high erosion, low erosion, stable, and low accretion, high accretion zones were assessed on the coastline. The results reveal that 15.38% of the shoreline, around 6.8 km is under high erosion. 12.2% of the shoreline, which is around 5.4 km, is under low erosion. 32% of the shoreline, around 14.5 km, is a stable region. 26.9% of shorelines, around 11.9 km, is low accretion, and 12.6% of shorelines, around 5.6 km, is high accretion. The coastal villages, namely, Gundupallavadi, Cuddalore, Thandavarayancholanga pettai, Ariyakoshti and parangipettai have a high erosion with a maximum rate of change between -3 to -14 m/y. The coastal villages Patchayankuppam, Cuddalore, Tiruchchepuram, Kayalpattu, Kothattai, Ariyakoshti, Parangipettai have high accretion with a maximum rate of change between 3 to 10 m/y.
Structural and Stratigraphic Study of Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis with the Aid of Geographic Information System and Field Data Approach
Authors: Khan Musa , Khan Rehan , Madayipu Nuerkanati , Zhong Yanmei , Khan Asad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This research area is located along the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis in the sub-Himalaya. The Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis runs through numerous areas within Mirpur district. One of the key characteristics of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis is its antiformality. The project area is bounded to the east by the Riasi fault and to the west by the Jhelum fault, while to the south it is bounded by Salt Range Thrust. Research is being conducted in the areas of Narmah, Sahan, Pirgali, Kas Guma, Mohra Jangu, and Kalri. Fold-and-thrust belts are present in the sub-Himalayan region ofPakistan. Essentially, there are two major folds: the Sahan syncline and the Gaiyan anticline. The Sahan syncline is characterized by an open fold and a southwest orientation. In contrast, open-to-close folds in Gaiyan anticlines are oriented to the southwest. The area is characterized by five major faults: the Narmah fault, the Dhok Poran fault, the Dubal fault, the Pirgali fault, and the Jabi fault. Folds and faults in the project area are the product of NE-SW or NW-SE compaction of the Himalaya. In the research project area sedimentary rocks of Early Miocene- Recent age are located. The rocks which are exposed in the study area includes: the Early-Middle Miocene Kamlial Formation, Middle-Late Miocene Chinji Formation, Late-Miocene Nagri Formation, Late-Miocene Dhok Pathan Formation, Pliocene Soan Formation, and Quaternary Alluvium deposits. Sedimentary structures in the area consist primarily of crossed bedding and rip-ups. These structures define the facing of stratigraphic units.
Northern Limit of the Concealed Bundelkhand Craton: A Synthesis of New Magnetotelluric Results from the Ganga Basin
Authors: Manglik Ajay , Pavankumar G. , Suresh M. , Chakravarthi N.N. , Babu M. Demudu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Bundelkhand craton is a relatively small craton of the Indian shield in terms of its exposed surface area. It continues beneath the sediments of the Ganga Basin in NE-to-NNE direction as the Faizabad Ridge. However, its northern extent into the Ganga Basin is not known and the northern margin of the exposed craton is generally taken as the northern limit of the craton. Here, we present a synthesis of new magnetotelluric (MT) results from the Ganga Basin to demarcate the northern limit of the Bundelkhand craton. Broadband MT data were acquired at 148 sites along the four profiles and the MT impedance tensors of 132 sites were used for two-dimensional inversion along these profiles. The top 15 km sections of the geoelectric models along these profiles were used to prepare a conductance map to extract the northern limit of the electrically resistive craton. The results reveal that the northern boundary of the craton lies much to the north of the presently known northern limit. It also follows the basement depth contours of 2 km and 3 km obtained from the aeromagnetic data. Thus, a significant part of the craton is also buried in the Ganga Basin north of its present limit. The areal extent of this new buried block is about 0.82 times the area of the exposed Bundelkhand craton. Together with the Faizabad Ridge, the Bundelkhand craton covers an area of about 1,03,000 sq.km, 72% of which is concealed under the sediments of the Ganga Basin. The results also indicate westward subsurface continuation of at least a part of the craton towards the Great Boundary Fault.
Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Soil Erosion Susceptibility Estimation in Gumani River Basin, Eastern India
Authors: Islam Saikh Nur , Sarkar Debabrata , Saha Sunil , Mondal Prolay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The primary goal of this study is to determine soil erosion risk susceptibility and to suggest the most appropriate techniques for soil erosion susceptibility for Gumani river basin. This research examined the point-specific values of several components derived from randomization. The susceptibility of the projected frameworks, namely the Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine, was investigated with the help of the most significant causative variables and the corresponding field records. The area underneath the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve shows accuracy for ANN and SVM accordingly. For assessing susceptibility, the ANN (AUC = 0.932) and SVM (AUC = 0.915) were used for training points, whereas ANN (AUC = 0.906) and SVM (AUC = 0.882) were for validation points. The ANN model is very efficient in simulating the erosional and non-erosional regions more accurately than SVM. The outcome of ANN predicted that 19.14% area is very high, extended in the entire western parts and some parts of the southern part, 14.96% is high, extended in the entire western part, 16.01% is moderate, extended in the western and eastern parts, 18.54% low, and 31.35% very low extended in the middle and eastern parts, susceptible for soil erosion whereas the outcome of SVM predicted that 15.45% area is very high, 18.82% high, 22.05% moderate, 22.94% low, 20.74% very low, susceptible for soil erosion. The land degradation phase is not a unidirectional process. Therefore, multidimensional effects from conditioning factors must be calculated accurately by considering the maximum possible variables and choosing optimum models for particular areas. These attempts will help policymakers implement proper methods to check soil erosion in the Gumani river basin.
Garnet-Staurolite-Mica Schist from Southern Sonbhadra District, U.P.: Constraints from Geothermobarometry and P-T Pseudosection Modelling
Authors: Singh Ankita A. , Prakash D. , Singh C.K. , Pandey Rajeev K. , Singh B.P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe area around Renukoot town shows the exposure of garnetstaurolite- mica schist belonging to the Chhotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC). The characteristic mineral assemblage present in the rock are garnet–biotite–staurolite–quartz along with minor opaque minerals like rutile, ilmenite and hematite. For the constituent minerals, the calculated XMg value decreases in the order: chlorite&gt;biotite&gt;staurolite&gt;garnet. The metamorphic conditions of the garnet-staurolite-mica schist were determined using the winTWQ and Perple_X programmes, and the peak pressure-temperature conditions for the rock are estimated to be 5.3 kbar and 570°C. The metamorphic episode in the CGGC during Mesoproterozoic time may be attributed to the global level Columbian Super-continental accretionary orogeny.
Syntectonic Shear-induced Emplacement of Crystallizing Granite Magmas Evident from Magmatic Shear Sense, Mafic Schlierens, and Microgranular Enclaves in the Mesoproterozoic A-type Kanigiri Pluton, Nellore Schist Belt, Southeast India
Authors: Narshimha Ch. , Kumar Santosh 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The observations on field-based mesoscale magmatic structures suggest that the A-type Kanigiri granite (KG) pluton, Nellore Schist Belt (NSB) has undergone a long plutonic history as evidenced by the continuum of deformation from early magmatic to the ductile regime at the waning stage of pluton evolution. The linear alignment of the KG pluton, which lies sub-parallel to the regional Terrane Boundary Shear Zone (TBSZ), and the long-standing deformation regime indicate the genetic link with this shear zone. The formation of mafic schlierens in the KG pluton owes to the mechanical crystal flow-sorting process during the replenishment of KG magma, which is further induced by the injection of crystal-charged microgranular enclave (ME) magmas in the crystallizing felsic magma chamber. The outflown ME magma blobs from the walls of the conduit during the invasion trigger the local turbulence, resulting the swirling of early crystallized mafic crystals of the host KG magma. This kind of swirling in the host KG magma must have been formed at an early stage of crystallization i.e., crystal-poor condition of the KG melts. When the MEs flow out, gravity causes them to interact with the host KG magma and attempt to dissolve into it. This results in schlieren rims formed around the MEs. The magmatic shearing observed in the KG pluton results from an active crystal-mush environment due to accumulated strain caused by the syntectonic movement as evidenced by the magmatic sense of shears. The locally formed slickensides are sub-magmatic origin during the upward pushing of replenishing ME and another pulse of KG magma. The presence, spread and prevalence of magmatic structures like ME magma globules, magma flowage, mafic schlierens, slickensides and shear sense indicators in the KG pluton suggest that the KG pluton underwent dynamic magma emplacement and evolution due to a shear zone, probably the TBSZ, which acted upon KG pluton in a syntectonic environment.
Comparative Legal Analysis of Beauty Clinic Services between Indonesian Law and Islamic Law
Authors: Sari Siska Diana 
Published: June 2024

In line with the evolving needs of consumers who strive to improve their facial and physical appearances, beauty clinics frequently introduce new services supported with new technological devices. Some forms of esthetical treatment introduced in the market have risen controversy in terms of their legality. This article aims at exploring the legality of esthetic treatment provided by beauty clinics from the perspective of Indonesian law and Islamic law. This normative legal research employs comparative approach. Comparison is made between Indonesian law and Islamic Law. It is found that Islamic law has different approach in addressing the issue of the legality of esthetic treatment provided by beauty clinics as compared to Indonesian law. While the Indonesian law tends to liberate various kinds of esthetic treatment, Islamic law gives a restriction. By virtue of the principle of freedom of contract as intended in Article 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code, any esthetic treatment can be carried out when it is made based on a valid contract between the contracting parties. On the other side, Islamic Law prohibits particular esthetic treatment especially when it falls under the category of “changing what Allah has created.”
A comparative study between curb-65 and psi/port score as predictors for ICU admission and mortality in community acquired pneumonia patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Chauhan Amit Pravin , Majmundar Aarjuv , Lakhani Sucheta , Lakhani Jitendra 
Published: June 2024

Despite recent advances in clinical medicine, mortality due to CAP has remained relatively the same. Therefore, early recognition for ICU admission plays a pivotal role in management of CAP. PSI/PORT (Pneumonia Severity Index/ Pneumonia Patient Outcome Research Team) score and CURB-65 (Confusion, Uremia, Respiratory rate, BP, Age &#62; 65 years) are the two severity assessment scores that have extensively been used by the clinicians to distinguish between high risk and low risk patients. This study aims at comparing the predictive value of these two scores for ICU admission and mortality. The information required for calculating CURB-65 and PSI was extracted with careful history taking, patient assessment and necessary investigations. Patients with &#62;18 years of age, diagnosed clinically and radiologically with CAP were included in the study.CURB-65 and PSI scores were determined in a total of 131 patients on admission. Based on careful clinical assessment and judgment of treating physician 60 patients were admitted in ICU whereas 71 patients were admitted in medical ward. Out of 60 patients admitted in ICU 23 died. The ability to predict ICU admission was almost similar for PSI/PORT score (AUC 0.9605; 95% CI 0.9277-0.9933) and CURB-65 (AUC 0.9694; 95% CI 0.9368-1.9714). The ability to predict mortality was almost similar for PSI/PORT score (AUC 0.9196; 95% CI 0.8670-0.9722) and CURB-65 (AUC 0.9214 95% CI 0.8696-0.9732). CURB-65 score was found almost similar in predicting ICU admission amongst patients coming with CAP to our hospital when compared to PSI/PORT score and when predicting mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, CURB-65 and PSI/PORT score appear to have comparable specificity and sensitivity. Considering the simplicity, CURB-65 score could be preferred over PSI/PORT score. However, larger studies are required to know the exact Indian scenario. Despite of recent advances in the field of medical science the mortality due to CAP has remained relatively the same. Therefore, early diagnosis and admission to ICU with standard treatment play a pivot role in management of patients with CAP. Two scoring system, PSI/PORT score and CURB-65 score, are widely being used to differentiate between low risk and high risk patients. We undertook this study for comparing the predictive value of these two scores for ICU admission and mortality.
Comparison of real-time ultrasonography with waveform capnography in verifying endotracheal tube location- An observational study
Authors: Sahana Tofazzel Haque , Das Tarapada , Tiwari Madhusudan , Das Sabyasachi , Basu Sekhar Ranjan 
Published: June 2024

Immediate post-intubation confirmation of endotracheal tube requires direct observational or secondary gadgets-dependent measures having variable sensitivity and specificity. In this study, dynamic real-time ultrasonography is used for the evaluation of endotracheal tube. The correlation between the gold standard test(Capnography) and the unconventional test(Ultrasonography) is also evaluated.One hundred ASA PS 1, and ASA PS 2 patients were evaluated for endotracheal intubation using real-time ultrasonography. The desired endotracheal intubation was further confirmed by using time capnography. Victorious tracheal intubation was identified using some radiological signs, only one air-mucosa interface with a comet-tail artefact and enhanced posterior acoustic shadowing indicative of endotracheal intubation. Two air-mucosa interfaces with comet-tail artefacts with posterior shadowing were indicative of oesophageal intubation.The mean (SD) ages of the studied patients were 41.25±7.76 Yrs. A total of 87% of patients had endotracheal intubation and 13% had oesophageal intubation based on ultrasonography scan findings. Capnography finding was 91% endotracheal intubations, 9% were true oesophageal. The true positive and true negative rate, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of real-time ultrasonography were 95%, (95% confidence interval (CI) 88% to 98%) 100% (95% CI 62% to 100%), 100% (95% CI 94% to 100%), 69% (95% CI 38% to 89%) respectively. Kappa (k) value was 0.8. Ultrasonography is a portable sensitive screening equipment for ETT position confirmation. There is a strong association between USG findings with time capnography results.