bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Burden of Injury in terms of Economic Loss and Disability Days: A Community Based Study from Eastern Nepal
Authors: Ghimire A , Nagesh S , Jha N , Niraula S R , Devkota S 
Published: June 2012

Background Injuries are already a substantial public Health problem all over the world and are expected to increase in the 211st Century. They are major causes of deaths and disability in the population and also involve high societal costs. Objectives This study was designed to assess the economic loss due to the injury and the disability days due to different types of injuries. Methods A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 1388 households from 19 wards. A detailed questionnaire was used to collect information related to injuries to the persons suffered from injuries including treatment obtained, cost of treatment (direct/indirect cost) and length of disability. Results Among the minor injured persons, majority (93.2%) did not spend any indirect cost. 36.7% of the major inured persons spent Nepalese rupees 10,001 to NRs 100,000 as direct treatment costs. But 50% spent less than 5000 NRs as indirect cost for major injury treatment. Maximum number (67.4%) of major injured persons had disability days of 31 to 90 days. Conclusion The high incidence of injuries, especially road traffic injuries, adds a huge economic burden to nation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i2.6283Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(2):27-30
Incidence of Hypertension in Patients Undergoing Surgery at Dhulikhel Hospital - Kathmandu University Hospital.
Authors: Sapkota S , Sherpa M , Bhattarai B 
Published: June 2012

Background Hypertension is an important public health challenge worldwide and is most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal disease. Blood pressure determination forms an integral part of anaesthesiologist’s evaluation of hispatient’s condition prior to and during surgery. Data are not available which indicate changes in blood pressure occurring preanaesthetically in hospitalized patients. There are several risks from untreated preoperative hypertension in perioperative and postoperative phase. Objective To know the incidence of hypertension in preoperative patients undergoing major surgery Methods This retrospective observational study was based on the data collected from preanaesthetic checkup record book from January 2010 to December 2010. Results A total of 955 patients were studied and analyzed in terms of hypertension and demographic characteristics. The total incidence of hypertension in preoperative phase was 10.16%. Among them 64.9% being male and 35.1% female. Maximum incidence was found in age group 50-59 years i.e. 26.6%. Among the case detected maximum patients i.e. 52% were patients with newly diagnosed hypertension and among those under medications 61.1% were using calcium channel blockers. ConclusionKnowing the incidence will help in proper preoperative optimization of the hypertensive patients and also help in decreasing the incidence of postoperative complications.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i2.6286 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(2):40-43
Sonographic Measurement of Fetal Pinna Length in Normal Pregnancies
Authors: Joshi K S , Chawla C D , Karki S , Shrestha N C 
Published: June 2012

Background Many studies have emphasized on fetal pinna measurements and morphologic features to use this structure as an additional marker for fetal chromosomal anomaly. Objectives To assess relationship between fetal pinna length and gestation age and develop a nomogram. To assess relationship between fetal pinna length and head circumference and biparietal diameter. Methods Fetal pinna measurements from the tip of helix to the end of lobe were obtained prospectively in 850 singleton pregnant women between 15 and 40 weeks’ gestation Normal case was defined as normal sonographic findings during examination and normal infant examination at birth or both. Final study population was 787. The relationship between gestational age in weeks to pinna length in millimeters was analyzed by simple linear regression. Correlation of fetal ear length measurements with gestational age, biparietal diameter and head circumference were also obtained. Results Linear relationships were found between fetal pinna length and gestational age [Pinna Length (mm)=1.044xGestational age (weeks) -3.857]. A nomogram of normal pinna length was obtained. High correlation was found between pinna length and gestational age (r=0.942; p< 0.001), pinna length and head circumference (r=0.931; p< 0.001). Significant correlation was found between pinna length and biparietal diameter (r=0.934; p=0.004) ConclusionsThe results of this study provide a nomogram for fetal pinna. The study also provides relationship and good correlation between pinna length and other biometric measurements.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i2.6288 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(2):49-53
The Mouse as Model System to Study Host‐Pathogen Interactions in Influenza A Infections
Authors: Wilk Esther , Schughart Klaus 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe mouse is one of the most important mammalian model systems for studying host‐pathogen‐interactions during influenza A virus infections and for assessing the virulence of newly emerging influenza viruses. Here, we provide the basic protocols for infecting mice with influenza virus and studying the main pathological changes associated with disease. Critical parameters, e.g., virus variants and subtypes or mouse strains, are discussed. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:177‐205 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Health Evaluation of Experimental Laboratory Mice
Authors: Burkholder Tanya , Foltz Charmaine , Karlsson Eleanor , Linton C. Garry , Smith Joanne M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGood science and good animal care go hand in hand. A sick or distressed animal does not produce the reliable results that a healthy and unstressed animal produces. This unit describes the essentials of assessing mouse health, colony health surveillance, common conditions, and determination of appropriate endpoints. Understanding the health and well‐being of the mice used in research enables the investigator to optimize research results and animal care. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:145‐165 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Beyond PCBM: Understanding the Photovoltaic Performance of Blends of Indene‐C60 Multiadducts with Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)
Authors: Nardes Alexandre M. , Ferguson Andrew J. , Whitaker James B. , Larson Bryon W. , Larsen Ross E. , Maturová Klára , Graf Peter A. , Boltalina Olga V. , Strauss Steven H. , Kopidakis Nikos 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe effect of functionalization of the C60 cage with multiple indene groups in relation to the dynamics of photogenerated species in blends with poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the performance of P3HT:indene‐C60 photovoltaic devices is reported. Despite the systematic decrease of the electron affinity of the acceptor with the number of additions, exciton dissociation is efficient in blends of P3HT with all three indene‐C60 derivatives. By replacing the prototypical acceptor [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with mono‐indene‐C60 (ICMA) or a sample of a mixture of bis‐indene‐C60 regioisomers (ICBA) the power conversion efficiency is enhanced, predominantly due to an increase in the open‐circuit voltage that originates from the lower electron affinity of the indene‐C60 acceptor. The use of an acceptor sample that represents a mixture of tris‐indene‐C60 (ICTA) regioisomers results in a reduction of the short‐circuit current density, fill factor, and open‐circuit voltage of the photovoltaic device. The electron mobility in ICTA domains is ca. a factor 10 lower than in ICMA and ICBA. Density functional theory calculations of the LUMO energies in ICTA isomers demonstrate that energetic disorder caused by the presence of regioisomers is unlikely to be responsible for the low electron mobility in ICTA. The observed deterioration in device performance is attributed to the formation of small ICTA clusters “coated” in insulating indene units that reduce electronic coupling between the molecules and cause the low electron mobility in ICTA domains. These findings indicate that while multiple additions to a fullerene cage provide a facile methodology for controlling the energy levels, they may have limited success in improving OPV device performance.
Self‐Assembled Multivalency: Dynamic Ligand Arrays for High‐Affinity Binding
Authors: Barnard Anna , Smith David K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMultivalency is a powerful strategy for achieving high‐affinity molecular recognition in biological systems. Recently, attention has begun to focus on using self‐assembly rather than covalent scaffold synthesis to organize multiple ligands. This approach has a number of advantages, including ease of synthesis/assembly, tunability of nanostructure morphology and ligands, potential to incorporate multiple active units, and the responsive nature of self‐assembly. We suggest that self‐assembled multivalency is a strategy of fundamental importance in the design of synthetic nanosystems to intervene in biological pathways and has potential applications in nanomedicine.
Mechanical, thermal, and transport properties of nitrile rubber–nanocalcium carbonate composites
Authors: Balachandran Meera , Bhagawan S. S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe article describes the properties of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR)–nanocalcium carbonate (NCC) nanocomposites prepared by a two‐step method. The amount of NCC was varied from 2 phr to 10 phr. Cure characteristics, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and transport properties of NBR–NCC composites were evaluated. For preparing NBR nanocomposites, a master batch of NBR and NCC was initially made using internal mixer. Neat NBR and the NBR–NCC masterbatch was compounded with other compounding ingredients on a two roll mill. NCC activated cure reaction upto 5 phr. The tensile strength increased with the nanofiller content, whereas NBR–NCC containing 7.5 phr exhibited the highest modulus. The storage modulus (E′) increased up to 5 phr NCC loading; the reinforcing effect of NCC was seen in the increase of modulus which was more significant at temperatures above Tg. The effect of nanofiller content and temperature on transport properties was evaluated. The solvent uptake decreased with NCC content. The mechanism of diffusion of solvent through the nanocomposites was found to be Fickian. Transport parameters like diffusion, sorption, and permeation constants were determined and found to decrease with nanofiller content, the minimum value being at 7.5 phr. Thermodynamic constants such as enthalpy and activation energy were also evaluated. The dependence of various properties on NCC was supported by morphological analysis using transmission electron microscopy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Hemocompatibility of electrospun halloysite nanotube‐ and carbon nanotube‐doped composite poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanofibers
Authors: Zhao Yili , Wang Shige , Guo Qingshan , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOne of the major problems of nanofiber scaffold or other devices like cardiovascular or blood‐contacting medical devices is their weak mechanical properties and the lack of hemocompatibility of their surfaces. In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated within poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers and the mechanical property and hemocompatibility of both types of composite nanofibers with different doping levels were thoroughly investigated. The morphology and internal distribution of the doped nanotubes within the nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibers were tested using a material testing machine. The hemocompatibility of the composite nanofibers was examined through hemolytic and anticoagulant assay, respectively. We show that the doped HNTs or CNTs are distributed in the nanofibers with a coaxial manner and the incorporation of HNTs or CNTs does not significantly change the morphology of the PLGA nanofibers. Importantly, the incorporation of HNTs or CNTs within PLGA nanofibers significantly improves the mechanical property of PLGA nanofibers, and PLGA nanofibers with or without doping of the HNTs and CNTs display good anticoagulant property and negligible hemolytic effect to human red blood cells. With the enhanced mechanical property, great hemocompatibility, and previously demonstrated biocompatibility of both HNTs‐ and CNTs‐doped composite PLGA nanofibers, these composite nanofibers may be used as therapeutic artificial tissue/organ substitutes for tissue engineering applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and characterization of N‐methyl‐2,6‐dinitrodiphenylamine‐4‐diazonium salt and its diazoresin
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Zou Yingquan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new photosensitive agent, dinitro derivatives of diphenylamine diazonium salt (N‐methyl‐2,6‐dinitrodiphenylamine‐4‐diazonium salt, MDNDDS), and its diazoresin were synthesized. Their photoreactivities and thermostabilities were investigated. Our results revealed that MDNDDS and MDNDDS‐resin exhibited greatly improved thermostability both in solid state and in coating film comparing with the conventional unsubstituted and mononitro substituted diphenylamine diazonium salts (DDS and MNDDS, respectively) and their diazoresins. The photosensitivity of MDNDDS was found to be slightly lower than DDS but still comparable with MNDDS. As a result of its improved thermostability, both MDNDDS‐resin as a photosensitive agent and lithographic printing plate prepared by MDNDDS‐resin will have a long shelf‐life, which is very important to reduce waste and factory running‐cost. MDNDDS also has a maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) at 425 nm, which means that an iodine gallium lamp (main emission wavelength λem = 420 nm), is better than conventional mercury lamp (λem = 360 nm), to be used as the irradiation source in the photoimaging process. Compared with the mercury lamp, iodine gallium lamp is cheaper and greener. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation and sorption properties of tunable polyester copolymers containing β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Poon Louis , Wilson Lee D. , Headley John V. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPolyester copolymers were prepared with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and sebacoyl (SCl) or terephthaloyl (TCl) chloride cross linker agents using a simple, one‐pot synthesis. Variation of the mole ratios (i.e., 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 3, 1 : 6, and 1 : 9) of β‐CD to diacid chloride linker units resulted in copolymers with differing solubility and chemical stability in aqueous solution. The sorption properties of copolymers such as 1 : 6 and 1 : 9 SCl, and 1 : 9 TCl materials were investigated because of their relative insolubility and resistance to hydrolysis at pH 4.6. The monolayer sorption capacity (Qm) of the copolymers varied according to the nature of the cross linker and the relative mole ratio of monomers. Qm values obtained from the Sips isotherm model range from 2.7 to 5.2 mmol/g for the sorption of p‐nitrophenol at 295 K and approach the value of Qm for a commercially available granular activated carbon sorbent. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Extended Fluorochromism of Anthracene Trimers with a meta‐Substituted Triphenylamine or Triphenylphosphine Core
Authors: Li Zhiou , Ishizuka Hiromi , Sei Yoshihisa , Akita Munetaka , Yoshizawa Michito 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCombining meta‐triphenylamine or triphenylphosphine with three anthracene fluorophores gives rise to fluorescent non‐planar triskelions 1 and 2. The emissive properties of 1 are highly solvatochromic, yielding blue to pale green and even pale yellow fluorescence, whereas the blue emission of 2 is solvent‐insensitive. Anthracene trimers 1 and 2 are both emissive in the solid state, displaying yellow and pale green fluorescence, respectively, with moderate quantum yields.
Photobioreactor design for isotopic non‐stationary 13C‐metabolic flux analysis (INST 13C‐MFA) under photoautotrophic conditions
Authors: Martzolff Arnaud , Cahoreau Edern , Cogne Guillaume , Peyriga Lindsay , Portais Jean‐Charles , Dechandol Emmanuel , Le Grand Fabienne , Massou Stéphane , Gonçalves Olivier , Pruvost Jérémy , Legrand Jack 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAdaptive metabolic behavior of photoautotrophic microorganisms toward genetic and environmental perturbations can be interpreted in a quantitative depiction of carbon flow through a biochemical reaction network using isotopic non‐stationary 13C‐metabolic flux analysis (INST 13C‐MFA). To evaluate 13C‐metabolic flux maps for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an original experimental framework was designed allowing rapid, reliable collection of high‐quality isotopomer data against time. It involved (i) a short‐time 13C labeling injection device based on mixing control in a torus‐shaped photobioreactor with plug‐flow hydrodynamics allowing a sudden step‐change in the 13C proportion in the substrate feed and (ii) a rapid sampling procedure using an automatic fast filtration method coupled to a manual rapid liquid nitrogen quenching step. 13C‐substrate labeling enrichment was controlled through the total dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in the pulsed solution. First results were obtained from steady‐state continuous culture measurements allowing the characterization of the kinetics of label incorporation into light‐limited growing cells cultivated in a photobioreactor operating at the maximal biomass productivity for an incident photon flux density of 200 µmol m−2 s−1. 13C label incorporation was measured for 21 intracellular metabolites using IC‐MS/MS in 58 samples collected across a labeling experiment duration of 7 min. The fastest labeling rate was observed for 2/3‐phosphoglycerate with an apparent isotopic stationary state reached after 300 s. The labeling rate was consistent with the optimized mixing time of about 4.9 s inside the reactor and the shortest reliable sampling period assessed at 5 s. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 3030–3040. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Divalent Europium Perovskite Oxides EuMO3 (M: Ti, Zr, and Hf): Experimental and First‐Principles Approaches.
Authors: Akamatsu Hirofumi , Fujita Koji , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Kawamoto Takahiro , Kumagai Yu , Zong Yanhua , Iwata Koji , Oba Fumiyasu , Tanaka Isao , Tanaka Katsuhisa 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEuTiO3 is prepared by solid state reaction of Eu2O3 and TiO2 (pressed pellet; 1.
ChemInform Abstract: EuLiGe2 and YbLiGe2 — A Divalent and an Intermediate‐Valent Compound with CaLiSi2‐Type Structures.
Authors: Iyer Abishek K. , Peter Sebastian C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe title compounds are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (Ta tubes, 1173 K; high frequency furnace).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Acyloxy Migration and Subsequent Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Vinylallene and Unactivated Alkyne.
Authors: Huang Suyu , Li Xiaoxun , Lin Claire L. , Guzei Ilia A. , Tang Weiping 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTitle reaction provides access to a variety of fused methylenecyclohexenones, e.g. (II), (IV), (VI) and (VIII), in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Annulation Reactions of Bisenolates Prepared Through Dearomatization Reactions of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Diesters.
Authors: Perez‐Vazquez Jaime , Veiga Alberte X. , Prado Gustavo , Sardina F. Javier , Paleo M. Rita 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe process is applied to the synthesis of the tricyclic benzofuran derivative (XIX), a valuable intermediate in the synthesis of galantamine alkaloid acting as a selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral NADH Analogue Based on Proline Template Including Thiourea and Nicotinic Acid Moieties.
Authors: Bagdziunas Gintautas , Haukka Matti , Butkus Eugenijus 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA chiral reductase‐mimicking catalyst built on proline template incorporating a covalently bound NADH mimic is synthesized by conventional procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Samarium or Sodium Iodide Salts as an Alternative for the Aza‐Henry Reaction.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Concellon Carmen , Alvaredo Noemi , Soengas Raquel G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel reaction of bromonitromethane (II) with imines (I) is investigated under mild conditions A) and B).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Hydroxymethylation of Aryl Halides and Triflates with Potassium Acetoxymethyltrifluoroborate.
Authors: Murai Norio , Yonaga Masahiro , Tanaka Keigo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe reaction of various aromatic, heteroaromatic and cycloalkenic chlorides with (II) proceeds best under conventional heating to afford the corresponding methanol products with moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Biobased Synthesis of Secondary Arylamines from (‐)Shikimic Acid.
Authors: Wu Wei , Zou Yong , Chen Yu , Li Jun , Lv Zeliang , Wei Wen , Huang Tongkun , Liu Xianke 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA tandem amination—aromatization reaction of dehydroshikimate (I) with aromatic and aliphatic amines provides title arylamines in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic C—H Amination of Alkenes with N‐Fluorodibenzenesulfonimide: Water Plays an Important Role.
Authors: Xiong Tao , Li Yan , Mao Lujia , Zhang Qian , Zhang Qian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA highly regioselective Pd‐catalyzed allylic C—H amination of various alkenes (I), (IV) and (VI) with NFSI is presented, which proceeds smoothly in the presence of catalytic amounts of water.
ChemInform Abstract: Chan—Lam‐Type S‐Arylation of Thiols with Boronic Acids at Room Temperature.
Authors: Xu Hua‐Jian , Zhao Yong‐Qiang , Feng Teng , Feng Yi‐Si 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA mild, efficient, and environmentally friendly method to prepare various diaryl sulfides is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Solutions of Facial Amphiphilic Carbohydrates as Sustainable Media for Organocatalyzed Direct Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Bellomo Ana , Daniellou Richard , Plusquellec Daniel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOptimal reaction conditions are found for the diastereoselective aldol reaction of m‐nitrobenzaldehyde (I) with cyclohexanone (II) in an aqueous solution of ethyl β‐D‐fructopyranoside.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Double Arylations of Terminal Olefins in Acetic Acid.
Authors: Xu Daichao , Lu Chunxin , Chen Wanzhi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe methodology is applicable to the coupling of both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient aryl iodides leading to symmetrical and unsymmetrical β,β‐diarylated alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Dihydrobenzo[c]thiophene‐imines via Tandem Reactions of o‐(1‐Alkynyl)benzamides and Lawesson′s Reagent.
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Liu Xianjin , Wang Hongming , Chen Min , Peng Yiyuan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBest results are obtained with substrates bearing an aromatic substituent at the nitrogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Complex Tetrahydrocarbazoles via a Diels—Alder/Benzoin Reaction Sequence.
Authors: Liu Yankai , Nappi Manuel , Escudero‐Adan Eduardo C. , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDiels—Alder reaction of various keto‐containing dienophiles and 3‐(2‐methylindol‐3‐yl)acrylaldehydes leads to the stereoselective formation of tetrahydrocarbazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Multicomponent Assembly of Enantiopure Oxazolopiperidines and ‐azepines.
Authors: Zill Nicolas , Schoenfelder Angele , Girard Nicolas , Taddei Maurizio , Mann Andre 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new, efficient, and stereoselective method to prepare the title compounds is applied to synthesize natural (+)‐ and (‐)‐coniceine (V).