bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the effect of alternating‐current amplitude on GMI output stability of Co‐based amorphous wires
Authors: Sun Jian‐Fei , Liu Jing‐Shun , Xing Da‐Wei , Xue Xiang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe effect of alternating‐current amplitude (ACA) on the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) output stability of Co‐based amorphous wires is studied for highly sensitive sensor applications using a precision impedance analyzer placed in a magnetically shielded space. Experimental results indicated that the “spike” phenomenon is related to the inhomogeneous distribution of local critical magnetic fields at a lower ACA, and the GMI output stability of wires can be significantly enhanced by increasing the ACA applied by more than 15 mA. The dependencies of the maximum GMI ratio [ΔZ/Z0]max and magnetic field sensitivity ξmax on the frequency at IAC = 15 mA have been observed: [ΔZ/Z0]max has a maximum value of 117.32% at 15 MHz, and the corresponding GMI peak position Hp tends to be the saturation of 1 Oe until 12 MHz, and ξmax has the maximum of 248.34%/Oe at 12 MHz. An applied ACA of 15 mA and a working frequency of 12 MHz are therefore recommended for the circuit design of a high‐resolution magnetic‐field sensor.
Piezoelectric actuated MEMS for use in microwave switching and filtering applications
Authors: Dehoff Carsten , Hennings Alexander , Kügeler Carsten , Schneller Theodor , Böttger Ulrich 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe paper reviews the developments made for designing and fabricating a piezoelectric driven actuator and its integration into coplanar wave guide (CPW) microwave structures. In the first part of this work the electromechanical properties of different lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT) thin films are investigated. A modified precursor route for chemical solution deposition (CSD) is introduced to minimize the thermal budget of the PZT by maintaining its superior piezoelectric properties. The second part deals with the fabrication of a piezoelectric driven actuator for use in RF switching applications. Advantages of bulk and surface micromachined devices are compared and a suitable actuator design is proposed. Based on these results, a piezoelectrically actuated shunt switch for use in CPW devices is developed and optimized, and the concept is confirmed by measurements. Finally, novel reconfigurable CPW band‐pass filters are presented, which demonstrate the usefulness of the developed shunt switches in microwave applications.magnified imageMicrowave switchDistribution of surface current density (background), image of copper contact (top) and micro switch schematic (bottom).
Feature extraction and classification models for high‐dimensional profile data
Authors: Shinde Amit , Church George , Janakiram Mani , Runger George 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAs manufacturing transitions to real‐time sensing, it becomes more important to handle multiple, high‐dimensional (non‐stationary) time series that generate thousands of measurements for each batch. Predictive models are often challenged by such high‐dimensional data and it is important to reduce the dimensionality for better performance. With thousands of measurements, even wavelet coefficients do not reduce the dimensionality sufficiently. We propose a two‐stage method that uses energy statistics from a discrete wavelet transform to identify process variables and appropriate resolutions of wavelet coefficients in an initial (screening) model. Variable importance scores from a modern random forest classifier are exploited in this stage. Coefficients that correspond to the identified variables and resolutions are then selected for a second‐stage predictive model. The approach is shown to provide good performance, along with interpretable results, in an example where multiple time series are used to indicate the need for preventive maintenance. In general, the two‐stage approach can handle high dimensionality and still provide interpretable features linked to the relevant process variables and wavelet resolutions that can be used for further analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EFFECTS OF FLOW RELEASES ON MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES IN THE INDIAN AND HUDSON RIVERS IN THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS OF NORTHERN NEW YORK
Authors: Baldigo B. P. , Smith A. J. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThe effects of flow releases (daily during spring and four times weekly during summer) from a small impoundment on macroinvertebrate assemblages in the lower Indian River and upper Hudson River of northern New York were assessed during the summers of 2005 and 2006. Community indices, feeding guilds, dominant species and Bray–Curtis similarities at three sites on the Indian River, below a regulated impoundment, were compared with those at four control sites on the Cedar River, below a run‐of‐the‐river impoundment of comparable size. The same indices at four less‐likely affected sites on the Hudson River, below the mouth of the Indian River, were compared with those at an upstream control site on the Hudson River. Results show that the function and apparent health of macroinvertebrate communities were generally unaffected by atypical flow regimes and/or altered water quality at study reaches downstream from both dams in the Indian, Cedar and Hudson Rivers. The lentic nature of releases from both impoundments, however, produced significant changes in the structure of assemblages at Indian and Cedar River sites immediately downstream from both dams, moderate effects at two Indian River sites 2.4 and 4.0 km downstream from its dam, little or no effect at three Cedar River sites 7.2–34.2 km downstream from its dam, and no effect at any Hudson River site. Bray–Curtis similarities indicate that assemblages did not differ significantly among sites within similar impact categories. The paucity of scrapers at all Indian River sites, and the predominance of filter‐feeding Simulium gouldingi and Pisidium compressum immediately below Abanakee dam, show that only minor differences in dominant species and trophic structure of macroinvertebrate communities occurred at affected sites in the Indian River compared to the Cedar River. Thus, flow releases had only a small, localized effect on macroinvertebrate communities in the Indian River. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Well Shaped Mn3O4 Nano‐octahedra with Anomalous Magnetic Behavior and Enhanced Photodecomposition Properties
Authors: Li Yu , Tan Haiyan , Yang Xiao‐Yu , Goris Bart , Verbeeck Jo , Bals Sara , Colson Pierre , Cloots Rudi , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Su Bao‐Lian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractVery uniform and well shaped Mn3O4 nano‐octahedra are synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method under the help of polyethylene glycol (PEG200) as a reductant and shape‐directing agent. The nano‐octahedra formation mechanism is monitored. The shape and crystal orientation of the nanoparticles is reconstructed by scanning electron microscopy and electron tomography, which reveals that the nano‐octahedra only selectively expose {101} facets at the external surfaces. The magnetic testing demonstrates that the Mn3O4 nano‐octahedra exhibit anomalous magnetic properties: the Mn3O4 nano‐octahedra around 150 nm show a similar Curie temperature and blocking temperature to Mn3O4 nanoparticles with 10 nm size because of the vertical axis of [001] plane and the exposed {101} facets. With these Mn3O4 nano‐octahedra as a catalyst, the photodecomposition of rhodamine B is evaluated and it is found that the photodecomposition activity of Mn3O4 nano‐octahedra is much superior to that of commercial Mn3O4 powders. The anomalous magnetic properties and high superior photodecomposition activity of well shaped Mn3O4 nano‐octahedra should be related to the special shape of the nanoparticles and the abundantly exposed {101} facets at the external surfaces. Therefore, the shape preference can largely broaden the application of the Mn3O4 nano‐octahedra.
Viscoelastic properties of highly concentrated maize starch solutions in DMSO
Authors: Ptaszek Pawel , Lukasiewicz Marcin , Ptaszek Anna , Grzesik Miroslaw , Skrzypek Jerzy , Kulawska Maria 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRheological measurements of highly concentrated dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) starch solutions were performed. For all experiments commercial maize starch with different AM content was used. The research covered a wide range of polymer concentrations depending on linear fraction contribution and allowed to obtain a starch content up to 40% w/w. The analysis covered the time – concentration superposition method and fitting the continuous Maxwell model to the experimental data using Tikhonov regularization method. The results allowed statements about the viscoelastic behavior of non‐aqueous starch solutions, depending on their molecular structure. If the linear AM is the predominant component of the starch, the system behaves more elastic compared to those composed of branched AP. The effect of variation in molecular constitution is stronger than the effect of concentration of the dispersion. Additionally, the molecular masses of both fractions seems not to be the crucial factor for rheological properties as well as biopolymer solubility in DMSO. Relaxation spectra obtained from Maxwell model show the drift of the main peak to shorter relaxation times when the concentration of biopolymer is rising. The phenomenon testifies about the influence of starch concentration on elastic response of the system.
Structural and some nutritional characteristics of Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) and Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) starches
Authors: Ancona David Betancur , Campos Maira Rubi Segura , Guerrero Luis A. Chel , Ortíz Gloria Dávila 
Published: January 2011

AbstractVelvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) starches were isolated from seeds and their structural characteristics evaluated using XRD, size‐exclusion chromatography and light scattering analyzes. Total starch, available starch, RS and in vitro digestibility were also determined. Structural and nutritional characteristics of Velvet bean and Lima bean starches were compared to those of commercial corn starch. The legumes starches presented a C‐type XRD pattern and crystallite sizes of 43.1 Å for velvet bean and 48.3 Å for lima bean. Lima bean starch average molar mass (4.9 × 106 g/mol) was slightly higher than the velvet bean starch (3.04 × 106 g/mol). Size‐exclusion chromatography indicated structural similarity between the lima bean and corn starches which differed from that of the velvet bean starch. Hydrodynamic radius (RH) for the velvet bean and lima bean starches was 45.5 and 55 nm, respectively, and their radius of gyration (RG) was 67.7 and 82.5 nm, respectively. Total starch content in all three starches was greater than 98%. Their complex crystalline structure provided the legume starches lower in vitro digestibility values than the corn starch. RS content in both the velvet bean starch (7.72%) and lima bean starch (5.66%) was higher than in the corn starch, essentially qualifying these polysaccharides as natural dietary fiber sources, with the associated physiologic advantages.
Helping men make informed decisions about treatment for LUTS caused by BPH
Authors: Archer Mary D. , Finn Johanna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInformed decision making has a valuable role in helping patients to understand the medical options for their condition and choose a preferred course of action. The authors describe the development of a decision aid for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Testosterone replacement therapy after prostate cancer
Authors: Coward Robert M. , Carson Culley C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that testosterone replacement therapy after prostate cancer treatment may be safer than previously thought. The authors review the basis for the common dilemma as to how to approach the treatment of testosterone deficiency after successful treatment for prostate cancer, and explain how the paradigm is shifting as our knowledge of androgen physiology grows. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Chemoinformatics: a history
Authors: Willett Peter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper gives a brief history of the development of chemoinformatics since the first studies in the late 1950s and early 1960s of methods for searching databases of chemical molecules and for predicting their biological and chemical properties. Topics, and associated key papers, that are discussed include: structure, substructure, and similarity searching; the processing of generic chemical structures and of chemical reactions; chemical expert systems; the identification of qualitative and quantitative structure–activity relationships in both two and three dimensions; pharmacophore analysis; ligand–protein docking; molecular diversity analysis; and drug‐likeness studies. Brief mention is also made of other important areas such as computer‐assisted synthesis design and computer‐assisted structure elucidation. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2011 1 46‐56 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1This article is categorized under:

Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Algorithm improvements for molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Larsson Per , Hess Berk , Lindahl Erik 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHigh‐performance implementations of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations play an important role in the study of macromolecules. Recent advances in both hardware and simulation software have extended the accessible time scales significantly, but the more complex algorithms used in many codes today occasionally make it difficult to understand the program flow and data structures without at least some knowledge about the underlying ideas used to improve performance. In this review, we discuss some of the currently most important areas of algorithm improvement to accelerate MD, including floating‐point maths, techniques to accelerate nonbonded interactions, and methods to allow multiple or extended time steps. There is also a strong trend of increased parallelization on different levels, including both distributed memory domain decomposition, stream processing algorithms running, e.g., on graphics processing units hardware, and last but not least techniques to decouple simulations to enable massive parallelism on next‐generation supercomputers or distributed computing. We describe some of the impacts these algorithms are having in current performance, and also how we believe they can be combined in the future. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.WIREs Comput Mol Sci2011 1 93–108 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.3This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Molecular StructuresComputer and Information Science > Computer Algorithms and ProgrammingMolecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte-Carlo Methods
Darstellung und Schwingungsspektren von Cs[(C2H5)2 BeN3], C2H5BeN3 · Be(C2H5)2 und C2H5BeCl
Authors: Atam N. , Dehnicke K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Die Addition von Diäthylberyllium an Cäsiumazid führt zu dem Komplex Cs[(C2H5)2 BeN3] (I). während sich Trimethylsily lazid mit Diäthylberyllium unter Ligandenaustausch zu C2H5BeN3 · Be(C2H5)2 (II) umsetzt. Für C2H5BeCl (III) wird eine verbesserte Darstellung angegeben. Aus den Schwingungsspektren wird für (I) auf eine trimere Form des komplexen Anions geschossen, während (II) und (III) Polymere bilden.Preparation and Vibrational Spectra of Cs[(C2H5)2 BeN3], C2H5BeN3 · Be(C2H5)2 and C2H5BeClThe addition reaction of diethylberyllium with cesium azide leads to Cs[(C2H5)2 BeN3] (I), whereas trimethylsilylazide and diethylberyllium react by ligand exchange yielding C2H5BeN3 · Be(C2H5)2 (II), An improved preparation of C2H5BeCl (III) is given. The vibrational spectra indicate for the complex anion of (I) a trimeric form. (II) and (III) are polymeric species.
Ergebnisse einer Röntgenstrukturanalyse von Silber‐Barium‐Thiostannat(IV), Ag2BaSnS4
Authors: Teske Ch R. L. , Vetter O. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht, Die Kristallstruktur von Ag2BaSnS4 ist mit Röntgeneinkristalldaten erstmals bestimmt worden. Die aufgefüllte Tetraedergerüststruktur hat orthorhombische Symmetrie (a = 7,127; b = 8,117; c = 6.854 Å [1]). Raumgruppe: D82—I222, Nr. 23. Die kristallchemischen Eigenschaften von Ag+ und Cu+ werden im Zusammenhang mit den Ergebnissen früherer Untersuchungen an Cu2SrSnS4 [2] und Cu2BaSnS4 diskutiert.Results of an X‐ray Investigation of Ag2BaSnS4The crystal structure of Ag2BaSnS4 has been determined for the first time by single crystal X‐ray investigations. The stuffed tetrahedral‐seaffold structure has an orthorhombic symmetry (a = 7.127; b = 8.117; c = 6.854 Å [1]). Space group: D82—I222 No. 23. The erystalloehemical properties of Ag+ and Cu+ are discussed in respect of former results from a structure analysis of Cu2SrSnS4 [2] and Cu2BaSnS4 [1].
Spektroskopische und strukturelle Untersuchungen an hexagonalen Elpasolithen
Authors: Köhl Von P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Es werden die Ergebnisse der röntgenographischen, ligandenfeldspektro‐skopischen sowie IR‐spektroskopischen Untersuchungen des Mischkristallsystems Sr2–xBaxNi TeO6 mitgeteilt und mit denen entsprechender Untersuchungen der Mischkristalle Ba2NiTexW1–xO6 und Ba2NixMg1–xTeO6 verglichen. In diesen Systemen ist mit wachsendem x ein Übergang von der Elpasolith‐ über die hexagonale BaTiO3‐(6‐Schichten‐) zur hexagonalen Ba2NiTeO6‐(12‐Schichten‐) Struktur zu beobachten. Im Falle der Verbindungen Sr2–xBaxNiTeO6 konnten zusätzlich bei kleinen x‐Werten Übergänge von der monoklinen Struktur (Sr2NiTeO6) über eine tetragonale Variante der Elpasolithstruktur zum kubischen Gitter gefunden werden. Mittels bei 4 K und 293 K aufgenommener Ligandenfeldspektren wird die Auswirkung der strukturellen Veränderungen beim Ubergang von der geordneten Elpasolithstruktur zu den hexagonalen Varianten auf die Symmetrie und die Bindungsverhältnisse der NiO6‐Oktaeder verfolgt, während die IR‐Spektren zusätzlich die Symmetrieverände‐rungen der TeO6‐Oktaeder erkennen lassen. Schließlich konnte mit Hilfe beider spektroskopischen Methoden Aussagen über die Kationenverteilung in den hexagonalen Phasen gemacht werden.Spectroscopic and Structural Investigations on Hexagonal ElpasolitesThe results of X‐ray as well as ligand field and i.r. spectroscopic investigations of the mixed crystal series Sr2–xBaxNiTeO6 are reported and compared with those of Ba2NiTexW1–xO6 and Ba2NixMg1–xTeO6. In these compounds transitions from the elpasolite to the hexagonal BaTiO6 (6 layers) and finally to the hexagonal Ba2NiTeO6 (12 layers) structure are observed with increasing x. In addition a change from the monoclinic structure (Sr2NiTeO6 type) to a tetragonal variant of the elpasolite lattice and finally to the cubic structure is found in the mixed crystal series Sr2–xBaxNiTeO6 at low x values. The influence of these structural changes on the symmetry and the bonding within the NiO6 polyhedra is studied by the parameters taken from the 4 K and 293 K ligand field spectra. In addition the i.r. spectra give information with respect to the symmetry of the TeO6 polyhedra. Finally the cation distribution in the hexagonal phases could be deduced from the spectroscopic data.
Reactions of Acetyl Bromide with Lewis Acids. II: Quantitative Raman and PMR Spectrophotometry Study of Halide Exchange in the System TiCI4–CH3COBr
Authors: Goetz G. J. , Leeoy M. J.‐F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractQuantitative Raman and p.m.r. spectroscopies were used to study solutions of TiCl4 + R CH3COBr in carbon tetrachloride (R: 0 to 10). The constants of the equilibria:TiBr4–xClx + CH3COBr TiBr4–x+1Clx–1 + CH3COClhave been measured. It is shown that, with respect to a random exchange of halides. the reaction 1 is favoured and the species TiBr3Cl stabilized.Reaktionen von Acetylbromid mit Lewis‐Säuren. H. Quantitative spektrophotometrische Studien mit Raman‐ und NMR‐Spektren des Halogenaustausches im System TiCl4–CH3COBrInhaltsübersicht. Lösungen von TiCl4 + R CH3COBr (R: 0–10) in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff sind mittels quantitativer Raman und 1H‐NMR Spectroscopic untersucht worden. Die Konstanten der Gleichgewichte:TiBr4–xClx + CH3COBr TiBr4‐x+1Clx‐1 + CH3COClsind gemessen worden. Es wird bewiesen, daß in Vergleich mit einer statistischen Verteilung der Halogenide die Reaktion 1 begünstigt und die Verbindung TiBr3Cl stabilisiert ist.
The effects of laminarin derived fromLaminaria digitataon measurements of gut health: selected bacterial populations, intestinal fermentation, mucin gene expression and cytokine gene expression in the pig
Authors: Smith A. G. , O'Doherty J. V. , Reilly P. , Ryan M. T. , Bahar B. , Sweeney T. 
Published: January 2011

The aim of the present study was to establish the optimum inclusion level of laminarin derived fromLaminaria digitataon selected microbial populations, intestinal fermentation, cytokine and mucin gene expression in the porcine ileum and colon. A total of twenty-one pigs (mean body weight 17·9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: T1 – basal (control) diet, T2 and T3 – basal diets supplemented with laminarin included at 300 and 600 parts per million (ppm), respectively. Selected intestinal bacterial populations and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were measured in the ileum and colon. Relative gene expression levels for specific cytokine and mucin genes were investigated in ileal and colonic tissue in the absence and presence of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. There was an up-regulation ofMUC2gene expression at the 300 ppm inclusion level in the ileum. In the colon, there was a significant reduction in the enterobacteriaceae population at the 300 ppm inclusion level (P = 0·0421). Dietary supplementation of 600 ppm laminarin led to a significant increase inMUC2(P = 0·0365) andMUC4(P = 0·0401) expression in the colon, and in the total VFA concentration in the caecum (P = 0·0489). A significant increase was also recorded inIL-6(P = 0·0289) andIL-8gene expression (P = 0·0245) in LPS-challenged colonic tissue at both laminarin inclusion levels. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 300 ppm laminarin appears to be the optimum dose in the present study due to the reduction in the enterobacteriaceae populations and enhanced IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine expression in response to anex vivoLPS challenge.