bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shaping of Diamonds in 1D Nanostructures and Strategies for Fabrication of All-Diamond Microcomponents
Authors: Orlanducci S. , Guglielmotti V. , Sessa V. , Tamburri E. , Terranova M.L. , Toschi F. , Rossi M. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe fabrication of low-dimensional diamond materials in form of nanowires is a stringent requirement for advanced electronic applications. However, the nanometric control of diamond materials into desired and tailored geometries, as those ones required for applications in the field of nano-photonics, is a really challenging and complex task using currently available processes. In the present paper we describe some recent results obtained using plasma-induced processes for the shaping of diamond films in fascinating 1D structures, such as nanowires, nanowhiskers and nanopillars, to be integrated in devices of technological interest.
Geographic Poverty and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Cervical Cancer Precursor Rates in Connecticut, 2008–2009
Authors: Niccolai Linda M. , Julian Pamela J. , Bilinski Alyssa , Mehta Niti R. , Meek James I. , Zelterman Daniel , Hadler James L. , Sosa Lynn 
Published: April 2012

Objectives. We examined associations of geographic measures of poverty, race, ethnicity, and city status with rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+/AIS), known precursors to cervical cancer. Methods. We identified 3937 cases of CIN2+/AIS among women aged 20 to 39 years in statewide surveillance data from Connecticut for 2008 to 2009. We geocoded cases to census tracts and used census data to calculate overall and age-specific rates. Poisson regression determined whether rates differed by geographic measures. Results. The average annual rate of CIN2+/AIS was 417.6 per 100 000 women. Overall, higher rates of CIN2+/AIS were associated with higher levels of poverty and higher proportions of Black residents. Poverty was the strongest and most consistently associated measure. However, among women aged 20 to 24 years, we observed inverse associations between poverty and CIN2+/AIS rates. Conclusions. Disparities in cervical cancer precursors exist for poverty and race, but these effects are age dependent. This information is necessary to monitor human papillomavirus vaccine impact and target vaccination strategies.
Neighborhood Social Inequalities in Road Traffic Injuries: The Influence of Traffic Volume and Road Design
Authors: Morency Patrick , Gauvin Lise , Plante Céline , Fournier Michel , Morency Catherine 
Published: April 2012

Objectives. We examined the extent to which differential traffic volume and road geometry can explain social inequalities in pedestrian, cyclist, and motor vehicle occupant injuries across wealthy and poor urban areas. Methods. We performed a multilevel observational study of all road users injured over 5 years (n = 19 568) at intersections (n = 17 498) in a large urban area (Island of Montreal, Canada). We considered intersection-level (traffic estimates, major roads, number of legs) and area-level (population density, commuting travel modes, household income) characteristics in multilevel Poisson regressions that nested intersections in 506 census tracts. Results. There were significantly more injured pedestrians, cyclists, and motor vehicle occupants at intersections in the poorest than in the richest areas. Controlling for traffic volume, intersection geometry, and pedestrian and cyclist volumes greatly attenuated the event rate ratios between intersections in the poorest and richest areas for injured pedestrians (−70%), cyclists (−44%), and motor vehicle occupants (−44%). Conclusions. Roadway environment can explain a substantial portion of the excess rate of road traffic injuries in the poorest urban areas.
Internal Control Reporting and Audit Report Lags: Further Evidence
Authors: Munsif Vishal , Raghunandan K , Rama Dasaratha V. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARY
Internal control reporting continues to be of significant interest to regulators and legislators, as evidenced by the internal control-related requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act (2010) and the JOBS Act (2012) to exempt smaller firms from the requirements of Section 404. We extend prior research on the association between internal control weaknesses and audit report lag by (1) using data from 2008 and 2009, (2) comparing accelerated and non-accelerated filers, and (3) examining the impact of remediation of previously disclosed internal control problems. We find that (1) in 2008, the increase in audit report lag in the presence of material weaknesses in internal control is lower for non-accelerated filers as compared to accelerated filers, and (2) while the effect of a material internal control weakness on audit report lag is significantly lower in 2009 than in 2008 for accelerated filers, there is no such change for non-accelerated filers. We also find that for firms remediating previously disclosed internal control problems, there is a significant decline in audit report lag; yet, the remediating firms continue to have higher reporting lags than firms that had clean Section 404 opinions in both years. We also find that, at least with respect to the effect of internal control problems on audit report lag, the “small accelerated filers” (defined as those with market capitalization less than $250 million) are treated by the auditors as being (1) substantively similar to other accelerated filers, and (2) quite distinct from non-accelerated filers.
Serum Levels of Receptors for Advanced Glycation End Products in Normal-Weight and Obese Children Born Small and Large for Gestational Age
Authors: Chiavaroli Valentina , D’Adamo Ebe , Giannini Cosimo , de Giorgis Tommaso , De Marco Stefania , Chiarelli Francesco , Mohn Angelika 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE
To assess potential alterations in soluble and endogenous secretory receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE and esRAGE) in normal-weight (NW) and obese (Ob) children born small (SGA) and large (LGA) compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) subjects and to explore if birth weight (BW), insulin resistance (IR), and obesity represent independent risk factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We categorized 130 prepubertal children into six groups according to BW and obesity and evaluated sRAGE, esRAGE, and homeostasis model assessment of IR.

RESULTS
sRAGE and esRAGE were lower in Ob SGA and LGA children than Ob AGA subjects (all P &lt; 0.05), and in NW SGA and LGA children than NW AGA subjects (all P &lt; 0.05). Interestingly, BW and IR were significantly and independently related to RAGE.

CONCLUSIONS
sRAGE and esRAGE are decreased in SGA and LGA children, and BW and IR seem to play an important role in the reduction of RAGE.
Defining Insulin Resistance From Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamps
Authors: Tam Charmaine S. , Xie Wenting , Johnson William D. , Cefalu William T. , Redman Leanne M. , Ravussin Eric 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to determine a cutoff point for identifying insulin resistance from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies performed at 120 mU/m2 ⋅ min in a white population and to generate equations from routinely measured clinic and blood variables for predicting clamp-derived glucose disposal rate (GDR), i.e., insulin sensitivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We assembled data from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (120 mU/m2 ⋅ min insulin dose) performed at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center between 2001 and 2011. Subjects were divided into subjects with diabetes (n = 51) and subjects without diabetes (n = 116) by self-report and/or fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL.

RESULTS
We found that 75% of individuals with a GDR &lt;5.6 mg/kg fat-free mass (FFM) + 17.7 ⋅ min were truly insulin resistant. Cutoff values for GDRs normalized for body weight, body surface area, or FFM were 4.9 mg/kg ⋅ min, 212.2 mg/m2 ⋅ min, and 7.3 mg/kgFFM ⋅ min, respectively. Next, we used classification tree models to predict GDR from routinely measured clinical and biochemical variables. We found that individual insulin resistance could be estimated with good sensitivity (89%) and specificity (67%) from the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) &gt;5.9 or 2.8&lt; HOMA-IR &lt;5.9 with HDL &lt;51 mg/dL.

CONCLUSIONS
We developed a cutoff for defining insulin resistance from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. Moreover, we now provide classification trees for predicting insulin resistance from routinely measured clinical and biochemical markers. These findings extend the clamp from a research tool to providing a clinically meaningful message for participants in research studies, potentially providing greater opportunity for earlier recognition of insulin resistance.
Fasting Insulin Level Is Positively Associated With Incidence of Hypertension Among American Young Adults
Authors: Xun Pengcheng , Liu Kiang , Cao Wenhong , Sidney Stephen , Williams O. Dale , He Ka 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE
Although hyperinsulinemia, a surrogate of insulin resistance, may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension (HTN), the longitudinal association between fasting insulin level and HTN development is still controversial. We examined the relation between fasting insulin and incidence of HTN in a large prospective cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A prospective cohort of 3,413 Americans, aged 18–30 years, without HTN in 1985 (baseline) were enrolled. Six follow-ups were conducted in 1987, 1990, 1992, 1995, 2000, and 2005. Fasting insulin and glucose levels were assessed by a radioimmunoassay and hexokinase method, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of incident HTN (defined as the initiation of antihypertensive medication, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg).

RESULTS
During the 20-year follow-up, 796 incident cases were identified. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of insulin levels had a significantly higher incidence of HTN (HR 1.85 [95% CI 1.42–2.40]; Ptrend &lt; 0.001) compared with those in the lowest quartile. The positive association persisted in each sex/ethnicity/weight status subgroup. A similar dose-response relation was observed when insulin-to-glucose ratio or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was used as exposure.

CONCLUSIONS
Fasting serum insulin levels or hyperinsulinemia in young adulthood was positively associated with incidence of HTN later in life for both men and women, African Americans and Caucasians, and those with normal weight and overweight. Our findings suggested that fasting insulin ascertainment may help clinicians identify those at high risk of HTN.
Influence of Inward Pressure of the Transducer on Lateral Abdominal Muscle Thickness During Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Ishida Hiroshi , Watanabe Sususmu 
Published: April 2012

Study Design Controlled laboratory study, technical note. Objectives The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in the thickness of the transversus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles induced by different inward pressures of the transducer during ultrasound imaging (USI). Background USI of the lateral abdominal muscles is increasingly used in managing musculoskeletal dysfunction. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the influence of different inward pressures of the transducer on the lateral abdominal muscle thickness during USI. Methods Thirty healthy male volunteers participated in this study. The thickness of the transversus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles was measured with USI by the same rater in 4 conditions of inward pressures of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 N. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC1,1), with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated, and a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess the influence of inward pressure on the thickness of the lateral abdominal muscles. Results The thickness of the transversus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles was significantly different among the 4 conditions (P<.038). The mean difference between the 0.5-N and 4.0-N conditions was greater than the minimal detectable change of the 0.5-N condition in the lateral abdominal muscles. Conclusion The difference in magnitude produced by the forces under different conditions was meaningful. When using a technique that involves a handheld transducer, the examiner should attempt to maintain consistent inward pressure of the transducer during USI to quantify the thickness of lateral abdominal muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(9):815–818, Epub 19 April 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4064
Photographie et récit de filiation:L’Africainde J. M. G. Le Clézio
Authors: Vernier-Larochette Béatrice 
Published: April 2012

RÉSUMÉDans le court récit intitulé L’Africain, J. M. G. Le Clézio évoque son père en alliant souvenirs personnels et photos prises par ce médecin en Afrique dans les années 1930. Le Clézio a cependant délibérément soustrait au public l’image paternelle puisqu’elle n’apparaît pas sur les clichés insérés au récit. Cette étude vise à saisir le rôle de la photographie dans cet écrit en tant que « récit de filiation » où l’auteur retrace la vie d’un ascendant décédé resté énigmatique. Nous montrons que les photos commentées et exposées soutiennent l’entreprise de (re)découverte du père, le réhabilitent par rapport à son travail de médecin pionnier durant la colonisation. L’absence de représentation paternelle a pour objectif d’insister sur l’importance de l’Afrique dans la vie de cet homme et dans celle de Le Clézio puisque ce dernier découvre que c’est ce continent qui le relie à cet homme.
Stable cell fate changes in marrow cells induced by lung‐derived microvesicles
Authors: Aliotta Jason M. , Pereira Mandy , Li Ming , Amaral Ashley , Sorokina Arina , Dooner Mark S. , Sears Edmund H. , Brilliant Kate , Ramratnam Bharat , Hixson Douglas C. , Quesenberry Peter J. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundInterest has been generated in the capacity of cellular‐derived microvesicles to alter the fate of different target cells. Lung, liver, heart and brain‐derived vesicles can alter the genetic phenotype of murine marrow cells; however, the stability of such changes and the mechanism of these changes remain unclear. In the present work, we show that lung‐derived microvesicles (LDMV) alter the transcriptome and proteome of target marrow cells initially by mRNA and regulator(s) of transcription transfer, but that long term phenotype change is due solely to transfer of a transcriptional regulator with target cell.Methods/resultsIn vivo studies: Whole bone marrow cells (WBM) were co‐cultured with LDMV (both isolated from male C57BL/6 mice) or cultured alone (control). One week later, cultured WBM was transplanted into lethally‐irradiated female C57BL/6 mice. Recipient mice were sacrificed 6 weeks later and WBM, spleens and livers were examined for the presence of lung‐specific gene expression, including surfactants A, B, C and D, aquaporin‐5, and clara cell specific protein, via real‐time RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemistry was also performed on lungs to determine the number of transplanted marrow‐derived (Y chromosome+) type II pneumocytes (prosurfactant C+). Mice transplanted with LDMV co‐cultured WBM expressed pulmonary epithelial cell genes in the cells of their bone marrow, livers and spleens and over fivefold more transplanted marrow‐derived Y+/prosurfactant C+cells could be found in their lungs (vs. control mice). In vitro studies: WBM (from mice or rats) was cultured with or without LDMV (from mice or rats) for 1 week then washed and cultured alone. WBM was harvested at 2‐week intervals for real‐time RT‐PCR analysis, using species‐specific surfactant primers, and for Western Blot analysis. Proteomic and microRNA microarray analyses were also performed on cells. LDMV co‐cultured WBM maintained expression of pulmonary epithelial cell genes and proteins for up to 12 weeks in culture. Surfactant produced at later time points was specific only to the species of the marrow cell in culture indicating de novo mRNA transcription. These findings, in addition to the altered protein and microRNA profiles of LDMV co‐cultured WBM, support a stable transcriptional mechanism for these changes.ConclusionsThese data indicate that microvesicle alteration of cell fate is robust and long‐term and represents an important new aspect of cellular biology.
Characterization of mRNA and microRNA in human mast cell‐derived exosomes and their transfer to other mast cells and blood CD34 progenitor cells
Authors: Ekström Karin , Valadi Hadi , Sjöstrand Margareta , Malmhäll Carina , Bossios Apostolos , Eldh Maria , Lötvall Jan 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundExosomes are nanosized vesicles of endocytic origin that are released into the extracellular environment by many different cells. It has been shown that exosomes from various cellular origins contain a substantial amount of RNA (mainly mRNA and microRNA). More importantly, exosomes are capable of delivering their RNA content to target cells, which is a novel way of cell‐to‐cell communication. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether exosomal shuttle RNA could play a role in the communication between human mast cells and between human mast cells and human CD34+ progenitor cells.MethodsThe mRNA and microRNA content of exosomes from a human mast cell line, HMC‐1, was analysed by using microarray technology. Co‐culture experiments followed by flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopy as well as radioactive labeling experiments were performed to examine the uptake of these exosomes and the shuttle of the RNA to other mast cells and CD34+ progenitor cells.ResultsIn this study, we show that human mast cells release RNA‐containing exosomes, with the capacity to shuttle RNA between cells. Interestingly, by using microRNA microarray analysis, 116 microRNAs could be identified in the exosomes and 134 microRNAs in the donor mast cells. Furthermore, DNA microarray experiments revealed the presence of approximately 1800 mRNAs in the exosomes, which represent 15% of the donor cell mRNA content. In addition, transfer experiments revealed that exosomes can shuttle RNA between human mast cells and to CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells.ConclusionThese findings suggest that exosomal shuttle RNA (esRNA) can play a role in the communication between cells, including mast cells and CD34+ progenitor cells, implying a role in cells maturation process.
L'intimité familiale, un concept à géométrie variable
Authors: Loncan Anne 
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’auteur examine la polysémie du mot « intimité » en référence à la vie psychique pour préciser ses rapports avec l’originaire, l’inconscient, le corps et la vie sexuelle à la lumière du partage qui en est fait dans l’aire familiale et de sa mobilisation en thérapie familiale psychanalytique. Que le secret soit maintenu, dévoilé ou mis au jour par effraction, le maniement de l’intimité sera pour le thérapeute un reflet fidèle du fonctionnement psychique groupal familial.
Tourmentes de l'Histoire et histoire familiale : L'écrasement de la sphère privée par la sphère publique
Authors: Baron-Preter Brigitte , Popper Haydée 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Lorsque la structure familiale s’organise à partir d’un fonctionnement transgénérationnel dominé par les imagos, les propriétés de l’intime, résultant d’un jeu protégé et vivant des intersubjectivités, perdent leur qualité distincte et nourricière. La subversion des valeurs propres de l’intime, remplacées dans le cas présenté par des valeurs socio-politiques, crée une « géographie » particulière. Les dynamiques interpersonnelles, écrasées par ces objets, ne peuvent plus s’enrichir, ni du jeu intrapsychique entre les instances, ni du jeu interpsychique permis par un champ social diversifié. Pour ce faire, la famille a besoin de restaurer une enveloppe familiale afin d’ internaliser des contenus psychiques transformateurs.
Une adoption fondatrice
Authors: de la Genardière Claude 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Si l’on suit le « roman familial des névrosés » de Freud, du point de vue fantasmatique, nous sommes tous des enfants adoptifs. Cette donnée fondatrice pour notre psychisme est confirmée par les productions orales de l’humanité, les mythes et les contes. Et dans notre monde social, que nous adoptions ou non, que nous ayons ou non été adoptés, nous sommes tous tenus de nous situer par rapport à l’adoption d’enfants de notre entourage ou à son refus. C’est bien encore le roman familial infantile qui reste, dans tous ces cas, notre moteur inconscient. L’adoption, au cœur de l’infantile, nous convie à l’envisager à l’échelle de la succession des générations : elle est affaire de transmission des histoires de naissance et d’adoption, et surtout, de transmission inconsciente des romans familiaux d’une génération à l’autre.
Idéalisation et persécution dans la transmission transgénérationnelle du fantasme maternel
Authors: Trapanese Gemma 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Ce travail est centré sur l’interrogation qui concerne l’« intérieur » du corps maternel, en ce qu’il est destiné à rester un espace secret et invisible, occupé par un tissu fantasmatique. Dans le cas présenté les thèmes de la grossesse, de la naissance et du fantasme des origines vont se développer à travers quatre générations et concernent dans le même temps deux couples mère-fille. L’intérieur maternel devient, dans le cas proposé, le lieu dans lequel se développe l’embryon-monstre, nourri par des fantasmes maternels transgénérationnels. Des lacunes qu’on ne peut remplir et des pertes très précoces, survenues avant toute parole, avant tout souvenir, constituent le fond sur lequel se déroule la présentation du cas d’une femme, entrée en analyse au début d’une grossesse. Sa petite fille sera l’objet d’un diagnostic précoce d’autisme primaire.
Dette : vrais maux et mauvais traitements
Authors: Kaiser Jürgen , Boutin Christian 
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’Europe bricole des solutions à la crise de la dette grecque comme si elle était sans précédent. Et l’on commet les mêmes erreurs qu’avec les pays pauvres : transfert du risque de défaut du privé au public, retard des plans d’allégement. In fine, la facture s’alourdit. Plaidoyer pour un mécanisme de mise en faillite des États.
Le politique n'est pas soluble dans la communication
Authors: Wolton Dominique , de Coussemaker Solange , Merckaert Jean 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Entretien – Pour quoi vote-t-on à la présidentielle : pour un projet, une personne, un rêve? « Cette élection, majeure chez nous, est la plus difficile de toutes. J’admire les personnalités qui se soumettent à cette épreuve. Et les Français s’y intéressent. Non seulement parce qu’ils aiment la politique, mais parce qu’ils y croient. Même si le résultat est toujours plus décevant que les promesses, ils pensent que cela peut changer les choses. Ce qui est formidable, c’est que lorsqu’une génération est fatiguée par la politique, la suivante prend le relais. »
Optimal Polynomial Recurrence
Authors: Lyall Neil , Magyar Ákos 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLet P ∊ ℤ[n] with P(0) = 0 and “ > 0. We show, using Fourier analytic techniques, that if then there must exist n ∊ ℕ such thatIn addition to this we show, using the same Fourier analytic methods, that if A ⊆ ℕ, then the set
of ε-optimal return timesis syndetic for every ε > 0. Moreover, we show that R(A, P, ε) is dense in every sufficiently long interval, in particular we show that there exists an L = L(ε, P, A) such thatfor all intervals I of natural numbers with