bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intrinsic viscosity of linear DNA
Authors: Tsortos Achilleas , Papadakis George , Gizeli Electra 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe measured the intrinsic viscosity of very small synthetic DNA molecules, of 20–395 base pairs, and incorporated them in a nearly complete picture for the whole span of molecular weights reported in the literature to date. A major transition is observed at M ∼ 2 × 106. It is found that in the range of ∼ 7 × 103 ≤ M ≤ 2 × 106, the intrinsic viscosity scales as [η] ∼ M1.05, suggesting that short DNA chains are not as rigid as generally thought. The corresponding scaling for the range of 2 × 106 ≤ M ≤ 8 × 1010 is [η] ∼ M0.69. A comparison of our results with existing equations, for much narrower data distributions, is made, and the agreement is very satisfactory considering the huge range of data analyzed here. Experimental concerns such as the effect of ionic strength, polydispersity, temperature, and shear rate are discussed in detail. Some issues concerning the Huggins coefficient, polymer chain stiffness, and the relationship between the Mark–Houwink constants K, α are also presented; it is found that log K = 1.156 − 6.19α. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95:824–832, 2011.
Duration of hepatic vascular inflow clamping and survival after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ishizuka M , Kubota K , Kita J , Shimoda M , Kato M , Sawada T 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the duration of hepatic vascular inflow clamping (Pringle time) on the survival of patients with any type of liver background (not only cirrhosis) undergoing liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
Patients who underwent liver resection between April 2000 and December 2008 for HCC using the Pringle manoeuvre were identified retrospectively from an institutional database and divided into two groups: group 1 had a Pringle time of 60 min or less, and group 2 a Pringle time of more than 60 min. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of postoperative survival. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival between the groups.

Results
A total of 357 patients were enrolled; 242 patients had a Pringle time of 60 min or less (group 1), and 115 patients had a Pringle time of more than 60 min (group 2). Patients in group 2 had a shorter overall survival than those in group 1 (P = 0·010). Univariable analyses showed that type of HCC (primary versus recurrent), maximum tumour diameter, hepatic venous infiltration, platelet count, serum protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II level, blood loss (700 ml or less versus more than 700 ml), duration of operation (300 min or less versus more than 300 min) and Pringle time (60 min or less versus more than 60 min) were predictive of postoperative survival. Multivariable analysis indicated that only Pringle time was associated with postoperative survival (odds ratio 1·83, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·08 to 3·10; P = 0·024).

Conclusion
Longer Pringle time is an important predictor of shorter postoperative survival in patients undergoing liver resection for HCC.
Stakeholder Engagement: Defining Strategic Advantage for Sustainable Construction
Authors: Rodriguez‐Melo Alexander , Mansouri S. Afshin 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough sustainable development is increasingly becoming a part of business plans, it is unclear what makes the economic, social and environmental dynamics strategically compatible. This research examines which of the following in sustainable development – government policy, managerial attitude and stakeholder engagement – is the most influential on the profitability of companies in the UK construction sector. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were rendered through a survey and semi‐structured interviews. Patterns of ambiguity in legislation were discovered as an obstacle for changing the sector's mind‐set. Stakeholder engagement was identified as the defining factor increasing managers' awareness, helping legislation to be effectively implemented and making sustainability highly appealing to clients. These findings indicate that to gain competitive advantage, companies should embark on long‐term strategic alliances which adopt the proposals of environmental non‐governmental organisations and closely follow public opinion. This, strengthens brand equity, allows for premium pricing, increases market share and maximizes profit. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Inhibition of myosin II triggers morphological transition and increased nuclear motility
Authors: Szabó Bálint , Ünnep Renáta , Markó Károly , Környei Zsuzsanna , Méhes Előd , Czirók András 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe investigate the effect of myosin II inhibition on cell shape and nuclear motility in cultures of mouse radial glia‐like neural progenitor and rat glioma C6 cells. Instead of reducing nucleokinesis, the myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin provokes an elongated bipolar morphology and increased nuclear motility in both cell types. When myosin II is active, time‐resolved traction force measurements indicate a pulling force between the leading edge and the nucleus of C6 cells. In the absence of myosin II activity, traction forces during nucleokinesis are diminished below the sensitivity threshold of our assay. By visualizing the centrosome position in C6 cells with GFP‐centrin, we show that in the presence or absence of myosin II activity, the nucleus tends to overtake or lag behind the centrosome, respectively. We interpret these findings with the help of a simple viscoelastic model of the cytoskeleton consisting active contractile and passive compressed elements. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of β‐tubulin isotypes by micro‐RNA 100 in MCF7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Lobert Sharon , Jefferson Bianca , Morris Kevin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAntimitotic drugs are key components of combination chemotherapy protocols for hematological and solid tumors. The taxanes (e.g., paclitaxel) bind to the β subunit of the tubulin heterodimer and reduce microtubule dynamics, leading to cell cycle arrest in G2/M. The effectiveness of combination chemotherapy is limited by tumor resistance to drugs initially or as a cumulative effect after several cycles of treatment. Because changes in the drug receptor may be linked to drug resistance, we investigated changes in β‐tubulin isotypes in response to paclitaxel treatment in MCF7 breast cancer cells. We found that paclitaxel induced a 2–3 fold increase in mRNA for β‐tubulin IIA and III genes, TUBB2A, and TUBB3. β‐Tubulin class III protein increased; however, β‐tubulin class II protein was not detected in these cells. Paclitaxel treatment following pretreatment with actinomycin D showed that the change in β‐tubulin class III was due to increased transcription and linked to G2/M arrest. The increase in β‐tubulin IIA mRNA was due to both enhanced stability and increased transcription, unassociated with G2/M arrest. We used micro‐RNA superarrays to look for changes in families of micro‐RNAs that might be linked to drug‐induced changes in β‐tubulin isotype mRNA and/or protein. We found a significant decrease in the tumor suppressor, miR‐100, in MCF7 cells in response to paclitaxel treatment. Transfection of MCF7 cells with miR‐100 significantly reduced β‐tubulin I, IIA, IIB and V mRNA and prevented paclitaxel‐induced increases in β‐tubulin isotypes. This is the first report of a micro‐RNA that regulates these specific β‐tubulin isotype mRNAs. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modelling pipeline for subject‐specific arterial blood flow—A review
Authors: Sazonov Igor , Yeo Si Yong , Bevan Rhodri L. T. , Xie Xianghua , van Loon Raoul , Nithiarasu Perumal 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, a robust and semi‐automatic modelling pipeline for blood flow through subject‐specific arterial geometries is presented. The framework developed consists of image segmentation, domain discretization (meshing) and fluid dynamics. All the three subtopics of the pipeline are explained using an example of flow through a severely stenosed human carotid artery. In the Introduction, the state‐of‐the‐art of both image segmentation and meshing is presented in some detail, and wherever possible the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods are analysed. Followed by this, the deformable model used for image segmentation is presented. This model is based upon a geometrical potential force (GPF), which is a function of the image. Both the GPF calculation and level set determination are explained. Following the image segmentation method, a semi‐automatic meshing method used in the present study is explained in full detail. All the relevant techniques required to generate a valid domain discretization are presented. These techniques include generating a valid surface mesh, skeletonization, mesh cropping, boundary layer mesh construction and various mesh cosmetic methods that are essential for generating a high‐quality domain discretization. After presenting the mesh generation procedure, how to generate flow boundary conditions for both the inlets and outlets of a geometry is explained in detail. This is followed by a brief note on the flow solver, before studying the blood flow through the carotid artery with a severe stenosis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid approach for selecting service‐based real‐time composition algorithms in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Estévez‐Ayres Iria , García‐Valls Marisol , Basanta‐Val Pablo , Díez‐Sánchez Jorge 
Published: June 2011

AbstractService‐based approach has been successfully applied to distributed environments, modelling them as pieces of functionality that exchange information by means of messages in order to achieve a common goal. The advantages of this approach can be also be applied to distributed real‐time systems, increasing their flexibility and allowing the creation of new brand applications from existing services in the system. If this is an online process, then time‐bounded composition algorithms are needed to not jeopardize the performance of the whole system. Different composition algorithms are studied and proposed, two of them optimal and another two based on heuristics. This paper presents an analytical solution that selects, depending on the structure of the application and on the load of the whole system, the most suitable composition algorithm to be executed in order to obtain a composed application in bounded time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Double‐blind study comparing doxercalciferol and placebo in vitamin D‐replete CKD patients
Authors: Patel Anita , Robertson John , Darwin Christine , Locay Harold , Añel Ramon , Engstrand Sara , Hunter John , Plone Melissa , Cangiano Jose 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOBJECTIVENo well‐controlled studies of the safety and efficacy of active vitamin D analogues have been conducted in vitamin D‐replete (25‐hydroxyvitamin D ≥ 30 ng/mL) patients. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of doxercalciferol in vitamin D‐replete patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.METHODSThis was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel study. Twenty‐four vitamin D‐replete (exogenous ergocalciferol or intrinsically replete) patients with elevated intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were randomized to receive doxercalciferol or matching placebo capsules for 24 weeks. The dose was regularly titrated to achieve target iPTH levels (CKD Stage 3: ≤ 70 pg/mL; CKD Stage 4: ≤ 110 pg/mL).RESULTSEleven (92%) doxercalciferol patients met the iPTH target range at least once post randomization compared with four (33%) placebo patients. All 12 (100%) doxercalciferol patients achieved a 30% reduction in iPTH at least once post randomization, and more doxercalciferol patients (83%) maintained iPTH within the target range for up to 6 weeks compared with the placebo patients (17%). Doxercalciferol and placebo were well tolerated during the study. No adverse events of hypercalcemia were reported.CONCLUSIONSDoxercalciferol was well tolerated and effective in reducing iPTH in vitamin D‐replete CKD patients without accompanying hypercalcemia. Further studies in a larger population of vitamin D‐replete patients are needed.
Carbohydrate‐derived Fulvic acid (CHD‐FA) inhibits Carrageenan‐induced inflammation and enhances wound healing: efficacy and Toxicity study in rats
Authors: Sabi Riaz , Vrey Pieter , van Rensburg Constance E. Jansen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety and anti‐inflammatory and wound‐healing characteristics of carbohydrate‐derived fulvic acid (CHD‐FA) in rats. CHD‐FA (≥100 mg/kg p.o.) effectively reduced carrageenan‐induced paw edema in rats, which was comparable to 10 mg/kg p.o. indomethacin. Topical application of CHD‐FA, formulated to contain 1.75% active product in a cetomicrogol cream at pH 1.98, compared favorably with fusidic acid cream (10 mg/g) in accelerating the healing of excised wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus. No signs of toxicity were observed in rats during the 6‐day acute and 6‐month chronic treatment with CHD‐FA (100 mg/kg p.o.). Topical application of CHD‐FA, formulated in UEA cream and applied to the right ears of mice at 400 mg/g body weight on days 1 and 7–38, produced no adverse events. No signs of toxicity were observed in the teratogenicity study, in which CHD‐FA was administered at 100 mg/kg p.o. to pregnant female mice 3 days before fertilization to 14 days of pregnancy. In conclusion, CHD‐FA is a safe compound with anti‐inflammatory and wound‐healing properties and merits further evaluation in the treatment of patients suffering from similar conditions. Drug Dev Res 73: 18–23, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation and characterization of col10a1‐mcherry reporter mice
Authors: Maye Peter , Fu Yu , Butler David L. , Chokalingam Kumar , Liu Yaling , Floret Jane , Stover Mary Louise , Wenstrup Richard , Jiang Xi , Gooch Cindi , Rowe David 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe fluorescent marking of immature (blue) and hypertrophic (red) chondrocytes in an E17.5 mouse embryo by the Collagen, type II, alpha 1 promoter driving the expression of enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (blue) and the Collagen, type X, alpha 1 BAC driving the expression of mCherry fluorescent protein (red), respectively. See the article by Maye et al. in this issue.
Habitat fragmentation and its effects on groundwater populations
Authors: Moldovan Oana Teodora , Meleg Ioana N. , Perşoiu Aurel 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe subterranean unsaturated zone of the karstic areas is highly fragmented. The maze of more or less connected voids harbors simple communities of mixed surface and subterranean species, especially crustaceans. Hypogean species are dominant in almost all communities of the seven stations sampled monthly in a cave of the north‐western Romania. Water stable isotopes and drip rates were used to understand the morphological and spatial organization of the subterranean habitats in the unsaturated zone. The structure of the cave communities, the species synchrony and the spatial structure and variation of communities at different geographical levels are discussed in conservation terms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The DNA methylome of benign and malignant parathyroid tumors
Authors: Starker Lee F. , Svedlund Jessica , Udelsman Robert , Dralle Henning , Åkerström Göran , Westin Gunnar , Lifton Richard P. , Björklund Peyman , Carling Tobias 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe role of DNA methylation of CpG islands in parathyroid tumorigenesis has not been analyzed in an unbiased, systematic fashion. DNA was isolated from normal and pathologic parathyroid tissues, bisulphite modified and analyzed using the Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip. Distinct hierarchical clustering of genes with altered DNA methylation profiles in normal and pathologic parathyroid tissue was evident. Comparing normal parathyroid tissue with parathyroid adenomas, 367 genes were significantly altered, while 175 genes significantly differed when comparing parathyroid carcinomas and normal parathyroid tissues. A comparison between parathyroid adenomas and parathyroid carcinomas identified 263 genes with significantly distinct methylation levels. Results were confirmed for certain genes in a validation cohort of 40 parathyroid adenomas by methylation‐specific PCR. Genes of known or putative importance in the development of parathyroid tumors showed significant and frequent hypermethylation. DNA hypermethylation of CDKN2B, CDKN2A, WT1, SFRP1, SFRP2, and SFRP4 was associated with reduced gene expression in both benign and malignant parathyroid tumors. Treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine of primary cell cultures restores expression of hypermethylated genes in benign and malignant parathyroid tumors. In conclusion, the unbiased, genome‐wide study of the parathyroid tumor DNA methylome identified a number of genes with altered DNA methylation patterns of putative importance to benign and malignant parathyroid tumorigenesis. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Yielding elements – requirements, overview and comparison / Stauchelemente – Anforderungen, Überblick und Vergleich
Authors: Moritz Bernd 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLarge deformations are usual for tunnel excavation in weak rock mass and high overburden. In order to avoid overloading the support, various ductile support systems have been developed in the last 15 years to permit the controlled build‐up of load in the lining. The design of such a ductile support system requires the consideration of the development of displacements in space and time, the time‐dependent properties of the shotcrete and the characteristics of the ductile elements. The requirements for a yielding system are described. The latest developments in yielding elements for use with shotcrete support are discussed and their general performance and effectiveness are explained.Bei Tunnelvortrieben in Gebirge geringer Qualität und hoher Überlagerung treten in der Regel große Verformungen auf. Zur Vermeidung einer Überbeanspruchung des Ausbaus wurden in den letzten 15 Jahren unterschiedliche duktile Ausbausysteme entwickelt, die einen kontrollierten Lastaufbau in der Auskleidung erlauben. Zur Auslegung eines solchen duktilen Ausbaus müssen die räumliche und zeitliche Entwicklung der Verschiebungen sowie die zeitabhängigen Eigenschaften des Spritzbetons und die Charakteristik der duktilen Elemente berücksichtigt werden. Die Anforderungen an ein nachgiebiges System werden dargelegt. Die jüngsten Entwicklungen von Stauchelementen in Zusammenhang mit Spritzbetonauskleidungen werden gezeigt und deren generelle Leistung und Wirksamkeit durchleuchtet.
The new Semmering base tunnel – tunnel design in the fault zone / Semmering‐Basistunnel neu – Tunneldesign in der Störungszone
Authors: Daller Josef , Atzl Georg , Weigl Johannes 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDuring the design work for the permit application for the approximately 27.3 km long new Semmering Base Tunnel between Gloggnitz and Mürzzuschlag, it has become apparent that due to its extent, the section through the Graßberg‐Schlagl fault system will be more problematic than had been assumed during the route selection process. The article discusses the technical possibilities for the construction of the running tunnels through the fault zone. Support concepts with a second layer of shotcrete and short ring closure are investigated using numerical, timedependent calculations. The time dependence is influenced by the advance‐rate and the consolidation of the fault material. The determination of the rock characteristics for the core fault zone is based on triaxial compression tests.Im Zuge der Einreichplanung für den rund 27, 3 km langen Semmering‐ Basistunnel neu zwischen Gloggnitz und Mürzzuschlag hat sich gezeigt, dass die Durchörterung des Graßberg‐Schlagl‐ Störungssystems aufgrund dessen Ausdehnung schwieriger wird, als im Trassenauswahlverfahren angenommen. Der Beitrag behandelt die technischen Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung der Streckenröhren im Störungsbereich. Dabei werden Ausbaukonzepte mit einer zweiten Spritzbetonschale und kurzem Ringschluss mittels numerischer zeitabhängiger Berechnungen untersucht. Die Zeitabhängigkeit wird durch die Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit und die Konsolidierung des Störungsmaterials beeinflusst. Die Ermittlung der Kennwerte für den Kern‐Störungsbereich erfolgt auf Basis von triaxialen Druckversuchen.
Are public health authorities able to “steer” rather than “row”? An empirical analysis in the Italian National Health Service
Authors: Longo Francesco , Salvatore Domenico , Tasselli Stefano 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe nature of the local health authorities (LHAs) in the Italian National Health Service has been deeply reformed during the 1990s by new public management (NPM) reforms that introduced decentralization, quasi‐market and managerialism. These reforms implied that the main role of LHA is to govern the production of health services in their area (steer) rather than to only directly produce services (row). After more than 15 years from these reforms of Italian healthcare, we describe how much the steering versus rowing dichotomy made an impact on LHA activity, through an analysis of the management control systems they set up for themselves and the subsequent qualitative analysis of the opinions that a diverse group of managers expressed during 8 days of group discussion. Results show that managers of Italian LHAs, when only a small part of services is produced, tend to perceive their steering role as impossible to play and focus on production, leaving therefore ungoverned a significant part of the services offered to residents. NPM, therefore, was able to influence the reform of Italian healthcare but, as suggested by a postmodernist interpretation, left managers with a rhetoric change based on inconsistent assumptions instead of actionable ideas to manage the change process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MicroRNA‐30a inhibits epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition by targeting Snai1 and is downregulated in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kumarswamy Regalla , Mudduluru Giridhar , Ceppi Paolo , Muppala Santoshi , Kozlowski Miroslaw , Niklinski Jacek , Papotti Mauro , Allgayer Heike 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs which regulate gene expression by base‐pairing to the 3′‐UTR of the target mRNA. Recently, miRNAs have been shown to regulate cancer metastasis, however, central molecular mechanisms of this ability still need to be investigated. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is characterized especially by repression of E‐cadherin expression and increased cell motility, is an essential component of cancer metastasis and progression. In the present study, we found that Snai1, a known transcriptional repressor of E‐cadherin and modulator of EMT, is post‐transcriptionally targeted by miRNA‐30a in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Consistent with this, microRNA‐30a expression was found inversely proportional to the invasive potential of various NSCLC cell lines, correlating positively with E‐cadherin (epithelial marker) and negatively with N‐cadherin (mesenchymal marker) expression. Forced re‐introduction of miR‐30a significantly altered cell morphology, in vitro invasion and migration of invasive cell lines, this being paralleled by a downregulation of Snai1 and upregulation of E‐cadherin expression. Using a chicken embryonic metastasis assay, we found that miR‐30a suppresses in vivo distant metastasis to the lungs and liver. Finally, we screened the expression of miR‐30a in 64 consecutively resected NSCLC patients and found that, in 81% of the patients, expression of miR‐30a was downregulated significantly (p < 0.0001) in tumors compared to corresponding normal tissues. These results suggest that miR‐30a targets Snai1, inhibits invasion and metastasis, and is downregulated in NSCLC.