bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of single nucleotide polymorphism in monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes from wild emmer wheat, primarily from Israel and Golan
Authors: Wang Ji-Rui , Wei Yu-Ming , Deng Mei , Nevo Eviatar , Yan Ze-Hong , Zheng You-Liang 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Various enzyme inhibitors act on key insect gut digestive hydrolases, including alpha-amylases and proteinases. Alpha-amylase inhibitors have been widely investigated for their possible use in strengthening a plant's defense against insects that are highly dependent on starch as an energy source. We attempted to unravel the diversity of monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes of Israeli and Golan Heights' wild emmer wheat with different ecological factors (e.g., geography, water, and temperature). Population methods that analyze the nature and frequency of allele diversity within a species and the codon analysis method (comparing patterns of synonymous and non-synonymous changes in protein coding sequences) were used to detect natural selection.

Results
Three hundred and forty-eight sequences encoding monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors (WMAI) were obtained from 14 populations of wild emmer wheat. The frequency of SNPs in WMAI genes was 1 out of 16.3 bases, where 28 SNPs were detected in the coding sequence. The results of purifying and the positive selection hypothesis (p < 0.05) showed that the sequences of WMAI were contributed by both natural selection and co-evolution, which ensured conservation of protein function and inhibition against diverse insect amylases. The majority of amino acid substitutions occurred at the C-terminal (positive selection domain), which ensured the stability of WMAI. SNPs in this gene could be classified into several categories associated with water, temperature, and geographic factors, respectively.

Conclusions
Great diversity at the WMAI locus, both between and within populations, was detected in the populations of wild emmer wheat. It was revealed that WMAI were naturally selected for across populations by a ratio of dN/dS as expected. Ecological factors, singly or in combination, explained a significant proportion of the variations in the SNPs. A sharp genetic divergence over very short geographic distances compared to a small genetic divergence between large geographic distances also suggested that the SNPs were subjected to natural selection, and ecological factors had an important evolutionary role in polymorphisms at this locus. According to population and codon analysis, these results suggested that monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors are adaptively selected under different environmental conditions.
Primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Chinese patients: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors
Authors: Huang JiaJia , Jiang WenQi , Xu RuiHua , Huang HuiQiang , Lv Yue , Xia ZhongJun , Sun XiaoFei , Guan ZhongZhen , Lin TongYu , Li ZhiMing 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Optimal management and outcome of primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) have not been well defined in the rituximab era. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and roles of different treatment modalities in Chinese patients with PGL.

Methods
The clinicopathological features of 83 Chinese patients with PGL were retrospectively reviewed. Staging was performed according to the Lugano staging system for gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Results
The predominant pathologic subtype among Chinese patients with PGL in our study was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Among the 57 patients with gastric DLBCL, 20 patients (35.1%) were classified as the germinal center B cell-like (GCB) subtype and 37 patients (64.9%) as the non-GCB subtype. The 83 patients had a five-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of 52% and 59%, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that stage-modified international prognostic index (IPI) and performance status (PS) were independent predictors of survival. In the 67 B-cell lymphoma patients who received chemotherapy, 36 patients treated with rituximab (at least 3 cycles) had a mean OS of 72 months (95% CI 62-81) versus 62 months (95% CI 47-76) for patients without rituximab treatment (P = 0.021).

Conclusion
The proportion of Chinese gastric DLBCL cases with non-GCB subtype was higher than the GCB subtype. Stage-modified IPI and PS were effective prognostic factors in Chinese patients with PGL. Our data suggested that primary gastric B-cell lymphoma might have an improved outcome with rituximab in addition to chemotherapy. More studies are necessary, preferentially large prospective randomized clinical trials to obtain more information on the impact of the rituximab in the primary gastric B-cell lymphoma.
A novel role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in centrosome amplification - implications for chemoprevention
Authors: Korzeniewski Nina , Wheeler Sarah , Chatterjee Payel , Duensing Anette , Duensing Stefan 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Centrosome aberrations can cause genomic instability and correlate with malignant progression in common human malignancies such as breast and prostate cancer. Deregulation of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity has previously been shown to be critically involved in centrosome overduplication. We therefore test here whether small molecule CDK inhibitors derived from the bis-indole indirubin can be used to suppress centrosome aberrations as a novel approach to chemoprevention of malignant progression.

Results
As expected, we found that the CDK inhibitor indirubin-3'-oxime (IO) suppresses centrosome amplification in breast cancer cells. However, we made the unexpected discovery that indirubin-derived compounds that have been chemically modified to be inactive as kinase inhibitors such as 1-methyl-indirubin-3'-oxime (MeIO) still significantly reduced centrosome amplification. All indirubins used in the present study are potent agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is known for its important role in the cellular metabolism of xenobiotics. To corroborate our results, we first show that the coincidence of nuclear AhR overexpression, reflecting a constitutive activation, and numerical centrosome aberrations correlates significantly with malignancy in mammary tissue specimens. Remarkably, a considerable proportion (72.7%) of benign mammary tissue samples scored also positive for nuclear AhR overexpression. We furthermore provide evidence that continued expression of endogenous AhR is critical to promote centriole overduplication induced by cyclin E and that AhR and cyclin E may function in the same pathway. Overexpression of the AhR in the absence of exogenous ligands was found to rapidly disrupt centriole duplication control. Nonetheless, the AhR agonists IO and MeIO were still found to significantly reduce centriole overduplication stimulated by ectopic AhR expression.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that continued expression of endogenous AhR promotes centrosome amplification in breast cancer cells in a pathway that involves cyclin E. AhR agonists such as indirubins inhibit centrosome amplification even when stimulated by ectopic expression of the AhR suggesting that these compounds are potentially useful for the chemoprevention of centrosome-mediated cell division errors and malignant progression in neoplasms in which the AhR is overexpressed. Future studies are warranted to determine whether individuals in which nuclear AhR overexpression is detected in benign mammary tissue are at a higher risk for developing pre-cancerous or cancerous breast lesions.
Transcriptional regulation of human osteopontin promoter by histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Kumar Santosh , Kundu Gopal C 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Trichostatin A (TSA), a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases exhibits strong anti-tumor and growth inhibitory activities, but its mechanism(s) of action is not completely understood. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycoprotein which has long been associated with tumor metastasis. Elevated OPN expression in various metastatic cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells often correlates with enhanced tumor formation and metastasis. To investigate the effects of TSA on OPN transcription, we analyzed a proximal segment of OPN promoter in cervical carcinoma cells.

Results
In this paper, we for the first time report that TSA suppresses PMA-induced OPN gene expression in human cervical carcinoma cells and previously unidentified AP-1 transcription factor is involved in this event. Deletion and mutagenesis analyses of OPN promoter led to the characterization of a proximal sequence (-127 to -70) that contain AP-1 binding site. This was further confirmed by gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR analyses revealed that TSA suppresses c-jun recruitment to the OPN promoter by inhibiting c-jun levels while c-fos expression was unaffected. Silencing HDAC1 followed by stimulation with PMA resulted in significant decrease in OPN promoter activity suggesting that HDAC1 but not HDAC3 or HDAC4 was required for AP-1-mediated OPN transcription. TSA reduces the PMA-induced hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 and recruitment of RNA pol II and TFIIB, components of preinitiation complex to the OPN promoter. The PMA-induced expression of other AP-1 regulated genes like cyclin D1 and uPA was also altered by TSA. Interestingly, PMA promoted cervical tumor growth in mice xenograft model was significantly suppressed by TSA.

Conclusions
In conclusion, these findings provide new insights into mechanisms underlying anticancer activity of TSA and blocking OPN expression at transcriptional level by TSA may act as novel therapeutic strategy for the management of cervical cancer.
Predictors of mental distress among substance abusers receiving inpatient treatment
Authors: Hoxmark Ellen , Nivison Mary , Wynn Rolf 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Mental distress measured by the HSCL-10 is used as an indicator of psychiatric disorders in population studies, where a higher level of mental distress has been shown to be related to demographic factors such as living conditions and level of education. The first aim of the study was to explore whether mental distress could be a valuable concept in substance use treatment. The second aim of the study was to explore to what degree mental distress among substance users at admission to treatment could be explained by the same demographic factors as in population studies, or whether treatment differences or differences in substance use would be better predictors of mental distress in this population.

Methods
Patients (N = 185) who received inpatient substance use treatment in five different settings in Northern Norway participated in the study. HSCL-10 was used as a measure for mental distress at admission to treatment. The self-report measures AUDIT, DUDIT and DUDIT-E were used for measuring substance use and readiness for treatment. The patients' clinicians reported demographic and treatment factors. A three-block hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine potential predictors of mental distress. Block 1 included demographic variables, Block 2 included treatment variables, and Block 3 substance use variables.

Results
Patients generally reported a high level of mental distress at admission to treatment, and 83% reported mental distress higher than the established cut-off level. Being female, having previously received psychiatric treatment, having a higher score on DUDIT and AUDIT, and using a larger number of substances all predicted a higher level of mental distress. The model explained 32% of the variance in mental distress.

Conclusions
Mental distress measured by the HSCL-10 can be a valuable concept in substance use treatment. The HSCL-10 can be useful in screening for patients who are in need of further assessment for psychiatric disorders. Female gender, previous psychiatric treatment, and higher use of substances all predicted a higher level of mental distress. The study underlines the importance of assessing the mental health of patients in substance use treatment.
Phase III Study Comparing Gemcitabine Plus Cetuximab Versus Gemcitabine in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Southwest Oncology Group–Directed Intergroup Trial S0205
Authors: Philip Philip A. , Benedetti Jacqueline , Corless Christopher L. , Wong Ralph , O'Reilly Eileen M. , Flynn Patrick J. , Rowland Kendrith M. , Atkins James N. , Mirtsching Barry C. , Rivkin Saul E. , Khorana Alok A. , Goldman Bryan , Fenoglio-Preiser Cecilia M. , Abbruzzese James L. , Blanke Charles D. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose Patients with advanced pancreas cancer present with disease that is poorly responsive to conventional therapies. Preclinical and early clinical evidence has supported targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in patients with pancreas cancer. This trial was conducted to evaluate the contribution of an EGFR-targeted agent to standard gemcitabine therapy. Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody against the ligand-binding domain of the receptor. Patients and Methods Patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to receive gemcitabine alone or gemcitabine plus cetuximab. The primary end point was overall survival. Secondary end points included progression-free survival, time to treatment failure, objective response, and toxicity. Results A total of 745 eligible patients were accrued. No significant difference was seen between the two arms of the study with respect to the median survival time (6.3 months for the gemcitabine plus cetuximab arm v 5.9 months for the gemcitabine alone arm; hazard ratio = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.23; P = .23, one-sided). Objective responses and progression-free survival were similar in both arms of the study. Although time to treatment failure was longer in patients on gemcitabine plus cetuximab (P = .006), the difference in length of treatment was only 2 weeks longer in the combination arm. Among patients who were studied for tumoral EGFR expression, 90% were positive, with no treatment benefit detected in this patient subset. Conclusion In patients with advanced pancreas cancer, the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab did not improve the outcome compared with patients treated with gemcitabine alone. Alternate targets other than EGFR should be evaluated for new drug development.
Poly-l-lysine-induced Self-association and Luminescence of Dicyanoaurate(I)
Authors: Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Yoshii Kazuki , Katano Chiaki , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The assembling and self-association of anionic [Au(CN)2]− spatially along cationic β-sheeted poly-l-lysine, P(Lys), through electrostatic interaction was demonstrated to form luminescent [Au(CN)2]− aggregates, wherein negatively charged [Au(CN)2]− was found to stabilize the β-sheet structure by suppressing repulsion between the positively charged side chains.
Der Mythos vom Wohlleben. Der Lebensstandard der deutschen Zivilbevölkerung im Zweiten Weltkrieg
Authors: Buchheim Christoph 
Published: July 2010

Vorspann
Christoph Buchheim, der vor kurzem verstorbene bedeutende Wirtschaftshistoriker, gibt Antworten – präzise, souverän, auf der Grundlage neuer Quellen und auf der Höhe der Forschung. Seine Frage lautet: Wie gut oder wie schlecht ging es den Deutschen im Zweiten Weltkrieg? Buchheim, in den 1980er Jahren Mitarbeiter des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte, bezieht sich damit auf eine aktuelle Forschungsdebatte, die nun als entschieden gelten kann. Der Lebensstandard der Deutschen, so Buchheim mit differenziertem Blick auf unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Schichten und Phasen des Krieges, war schon bei Kriegsbeginn relativ dürftig und verschlechterte sich ab 1942/43 kontinuierlich, ehe er 1945 einen Tiefpunkt erreichte. Von „Wohlleben“ könne allenfalls bei einer kleinen Oberschicht aus Staat, Partei und Wirtschaft die Rede sein, die es sich selbst in der Katastrophe noch gut gehen ließ.
Entgegnung auf Günther Gillessen
Authors: Hürter Johannes 
Published: July 2010

Deutsches Abstract
In seiner Antwort weist Johannes Hürter die Argumentation und Kritik Günther Gillessens als spekulativ und wissenschaftlich verfehlt zurück. Er erinnert an den erreichten Forschungsstand über die Integration der Wehrmacht in den rassenideologischen Vernichtungskrieg und an einzelne Dokumente, die von Gillessen unvollständig zitiert und/oder verzerrend interpretiert werden. Hürter plädiert für eine kontextualisierende Analyse des Handelns von Generalstabsoffizieren an der Ostfront. Sie zeigt, in welchem Umfang Akteure wie die Offiziere des Heeresgruppenkommandos Mitte in der dramatischen Anfangsphase des deutsch-sowjetischen Krieges in ein militärisch, politisch-ideologisch und ethisch radikal entgrenztes Gewaltgeschehen eingebunden waren, aus dem selbst die Hellsichtigsten und Mutigsten unter ihnen erst nach und nach einen Weg heraus in den Widerstand fanden.
Presence of Ecotoxicologically Relevant Pgp and MRP Transcripts and Proteins in Cyprinid Fish
Authors: Klobučar Roberta , Žaja Roko , Franjević Damjan , Brozović Anamaria , Smital Tvrtko 
Published: July 2010

Presence of Ecotoxicologically Relevant Pgp and MRP Transcripts and Proteins in Cyprinid FishOne of the most intriguing defence strategies which aquatic organisms developed through evolution is multixenobiotic resistance (MXR). The key mediators of MXR activity are ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins. They provide resistance of aquatic organisms by binding xenobiotics and extruding them from cells in an energy-dependent manner. Since Cyprinid fish species are common target in freshwater biomonitoring programs, we have studied the presence of two main MDR/MXR efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (Pgp, Abcb1) and MRP-like protein(s) (Abcc) in the liver of five Cyprinid species: common carp, European chub, sneep, barbel, and silver prussian carp. Their presence was evaluated on the mRNA and protein level. Various pairs of primers were designed to clone homologous fragments of MXR-related genes. At the protein level, we used Western blotting with specific monoclonal antibodies against human Pgp (Abcb1, Ab C219), MRP1 (Abcc1; Ab MRPm6) or MRP2 (Abcc2; Ab M2I-4). Transcripts of both key types of MXR transporters were identified in all species examined and here we provide the phylogenetic analysis of new partial sequences. Immunochemical determinations with mammalian antibodies failed to identify the presence of MRP(s), but Pgp expression was found in all five Cyprinid species. These results support that MXR is a defence system mediated by both Pgp and MRP types of ABC transport proteins.
Some properties of extended remainder of binet’s first formula for logarithm of gamma function
Authors: Qi Feng , Guo Bai-Ni 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In the paper, we extend Binet’s first formula for the logarithm of the gamma function and investigate some properties, including inequalities, star-shaped and sub-additive properties and the complete monotonicity, of the extended remainder of Binet’s first formula for the logarithm of the gamma function and related functions.
Quasicontinuous functions, minimal usco maps and topology of pointwise convergence
Authors: Holý Dušan , Matejíčka Ladislav 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In [HOLÁ, Ľ.—HOLÝ, D.: Pointwise convergence of quasicontinuous mappings and Baire spaces, Rocky Mountain J. Math.] a complete answer is given, for a Baire space X, to the question of when the pointwise limit of a sequence of real-valued quasicontinuous functions defined on X is quasicontinuous. In [HOLÁ, Ľ.—HOLÝ, D.: Minimal USCO maps, densely continuous forms and upper semicontinuous functions, Rocky Mountain J. Math. 39 (2009), 545–562], a characterization of minimal USCO maps by quasicontinuous and subcontinuous selections is proved. Continuing these results, we study closed and compact subsets of the space of quasicontinuous functions and minimal USCO maps equipped with the topology of pointwise convergence. We also study conditions under which the closure of the graph of a set-valued mapping which is the pointwise limit of a net of set-valued mappings, is a minimal USCO map.
Algae protection, conservation areas and the red data book of the Republic of Karelia
Authors: Komulaynen Sergey 
Published: July 2010

Algae protection, conservation areas and the red data book of the Republic of Karelia
The conservation of algal species diversity as a component of natural ecosystems is recognized.
The problem can be solved by: 1) making up a list of endangered species and including the algae in Red Data Books and Red Lists of Protected Species; 2) selecting water bodies to be protected and restored or including them in already protected areas, since the protection of an individual alga species is fairly problematic.
In this article the principles and methods of freshwater algae conservation in Karelia Republic (Northwestern Russia), as well as problems related thereto, are analyzed.
Changes of water quality in benchmark lakes in the Polish national monitoring network in the 1999-2004 period
Authors: Soszka Hanna , Kolada Agnieszka , Gołub Małgorzata 
Published: July 2010

Changes of water quality in benchmark lakes in the Polish national monitoring network in the 1999-2004 period
The national monitoring network of benchmark lakes consists of ten lakes situated in different Polish lakelands. They do not receive wastewater from point sources of pollution and their catchment areas are predominantly forested. Changes in their water quality should be natural or almost natural due to very low anthropogenic pressure. In the majority of the benchmark lakes the values of eutrophication parameters during the 1999-2004 period did not exceed 0.060 mg dm-3 P for total phosphorus or 10 μg dm-3 for chlorophyll a, and Secchi disc readings generally exceeded 2.5 m. Trend analyses in the majority of cases did not reveal significant changes in eutrophication parameters over time.
Commuting as a Spatial Feature of International Concern's Location in a Major City. Example of Poznań
Authors: Tobolska Anna 
Published: July 2010

Commuting as a Spatial Feature of International Concern's Location in a Major City. Example of PoznańThe study presents the spatial aspects of the location of a branch of an international concern in a major city, viz. in Poznań, in terms of commuting streams, both from the city area, and the surrounding area, as well as their variation in the period 2000-2009. In order to characterise the spatial arrangement of commuting, the study used centrographic measures to analyse the variation of commuting directions and identify the areas of the greatest concentration. Furthermore, it was observed that there was a regular disproportion between the group of employees commuting from the city area, and the group of employees commuting from the region, the latter of which was smaller. It thus seems that an international concern production plant influences the local labour market to a significant extent, displaying the strongest regional impact within the range of 20 km from its location, with the direction of this influence being clearly related to the plant's location in relation to city borders, which might be linked to better communicational accessibility.