bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JWST/CEERS sheds light on dusty star-forming galaxies: Forming bulges, lopsidedness, and outside-in quenching at cosmic noon
Authors: Le Bail Aurélien , Daddi Emanuele , Elbaz David , Dickinson Mark , Giavalisco Mauro , Magnelli Benjamin , Gómez-Guijarro Carlos , Kalita Boris S. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Holwerda Benne W. , Bournaud Frédéric , de la Vega Alexander , Calabrò Antonello , Dekel Avishai , Cheng Yingjie , Bisigello Laura , Franco Maximilien , Costantin Luca , Lucas Ray A. , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Lu Shiying , Wilkins Stephen M. , Arrabal Haro Pablo , Bagley Micaela B. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Papovich Casey , Pirzkal Nor , Yung L. Y. Aaron 
Published: May 2024

Context. We investigate the morphology and resolved physical properties of a sample of 22 IR-selected dusty star-forming galaxies at cosmic noon using the James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam images obtained in the EGS field for the CEERS survey. The exceptional resolution of the NIRCam images allowed us to spatially resolve these galaxies up to 4.4 μm and identify their bulge or core even when very extinguished by dust.
Aims. The goal of this study is to obtain a better understanding of the formation and evolution of FIR-bright galaxies by spatially resolving their properties using JWST in order to look through the dust and bridge the gap between the compact FIR sources and the larger optical star-forming galaxies.
Methods. Based on red-green-blue images from the F115W, F200W, and F444W filters, we divided each galaxy into several uniformly colored regions, fit their respective SEDs, and measured physical properties. After classifying each region as star forming or quiescent, we assigned galaxies to three classes depending on whether active star formation is located in the core, in the disk, or in both.
Results. (i) We find that the galaxies at a higher redshift tend to have a fragmented disk with a low core mass fraction. They are at an early stage of bulge formation. When moving toward a lower redshift, the core mass fraction increases, and the bulge growth is associated with a stabilization of the disk, which translates into less patches and clumps. The NIRCam data clearly point toward bulge formation in preexisting disks. (ii) Lopsidedness is a very common feature of DSFGs. It has been wrongly overlooked for a long time and could have a major impact on the evolution of DSFGs. (iii) Twenty-three percent of the galaxies have a star-forming core embedded in a quiescent disk. They seem to be undergoing outside-in quenching, often facilitated by their strong lopsidedness inducing instabilities. (iv) We show that half of our galaxies with star formation concentrated in their core are good sub-millimeter galaxy near-IR counterpart candidates, demonstrating that compact SMGs are usually surrounded by a larger, less obscured disk. (v) Finally, we found surprising evidence for clump-like substructures being quiescent or residing in quiescent regions.
Conclusions. This work demonstrates the major impact JWST/NIRCam has on understanding the complexity of the evolution of distant massive galaxies regarding bulge formation and quenching mechanisms.
A high-precision 3D reconstruction method for the internal structure of small Solar System bodies
Authors: Hu Chaoran , Wei Mingchuan , Feng Tianyu , Zhang Jiyao , Cao Xibin 
Published: May 2024

Context. Small Solar System bodies (SSSBs) hold crucial information for understanding the formation and evolution of the Solar System. However, due to their considerable distance, small size, fast rotation, and a lack of prior information, the detection of these celestial bodies, especially their internal structures, faces numerous challenges.Aims. We explore whether the 3D structure of SSSBs can be reconstructed using monostatic radar. We investigated a more convenient observation mode and addressed the issue of the poor imaging quality of internal structures within existing imaging algorithms.Methods. Our study focused on a high-precision 3D imaging method for the internal structure of SSSBs based on radar signals. First, we considered a flyby observation mode that uses the spinning characteristics of the target for global observations, and we set up a scaled-down experimental system in the laboratory to simulate this observation mode. Next, we constructed a 3D printed physical surface model based on the shape of the asteroid 162173 Ryugu. We filled it with sand and inserted a small bottle containing different materials separately to construct two distinct layered analogs. The analogs were employed in laboratory measurements to acquire radar echoes, which were then inverted using both a classic back-projection (BP) algorithm and a modified multilayer back-projection (MLBP) method.Results. The results shown that the 3D surface structure of the target can be reconstructed well through the BP and MLBP algorithms. The MLBP algorithm exhibits a higher reconstruction accuracy for internal structures. Moreover, compared to the BP method, the MLBP method is less sensitive to the quality of echo signals, resulting in a relatively stable imaging performance.Conclusions. Our findings reveal that observing and reconstructing the high-precision structure of SSSBs is feasible through our proposed method. The observation mode, experimental setup, and analog modeling approach are widely applicable and can be applied in future research on the detection of SSSBs with more diverse and complex structures.
Photon-pair generation using inverse-designed thin-film lithium niobate mode converters
Authors: Kwon Kiwon , Heo Hyungjun , Lee Dongjin , Kim Hyeongpin , Jang Hyeong-Soon , Shin Woncheol , Lim Hyang-Tag , Kim Yong-Su , Han Sang-Wook , Kim Sangin , Shin Heedeuk , Kwon Hyounghan , Jung Hojoong 
Published: May 2024

Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) has become a key method for generating entangled photon pairs. Periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) waveguides induce strong SPDC but require complex fabrication processes. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate efficient SPDC and second harmonic generation using modal phase matching methods. This is achieved with inverse-designed optical mode converters and low-loss optical waveguides in a single nanofabrication process. Inverse design methods provide enhanced functionalities and compact footprints for the converter. Despite the extensive achievements in inverse-designed photonic integrated circuits, the potential of inverse-designed TFLN quantum photonic devices has been seldom explored. The device shows an on-chip conversion efficiency of 3.95% W−1 cm−2 in second harmonic generation measurements and a coincidence count rate up to 21.2 kHz in SPDC experiments. This work highlights the potential of the inverse-designed TFLN photonic devices and paves the way for their applications in on-chip nonlinear or quantum optics.
A data recovery method for extra-long-span railway bridge health monitoring based on TVFEMD and CNN-GRU
Authors: Hao Changshun , Liu Baodong , Li Yan , Zhuo Yi , Ma Yongpeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Structure health monitoring systems play a crucial role in understanding the condition of structures. However, owing to various uncertain factors, sensor data may be missing, which poses a great challenge to capture the real-time dynamic characteristics of the bridge. To address this problem, this paper proposes a model that integrates time varying filtering based empirical mode decomposition (TVFEMD), convolutional neural network (CNN), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) to forecast and fill in the missing data. The proposed model initially employs TVFEMD to decompose the signal into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of different frequency bands. Subsequently, CNN is utilized to extract data features for each IMF, followed by prediction through GRU. The model linearly combines the prediction results obtained from each IMF to obtain the actual prediction result. Simulation data and measured data from the large railway bridge are utilized in this research to validate the model’s efficacy. The analysis results demonstrate a significant improvement in prediction performance compared to traditional models, showcasing strong generalization ability and robustness. In conclusion, the model proposed in this paper has a high utilization value in health monitoring data recovery.
Structural damage detection based on structural macro-strain mode shapes extracted from non-stationary output responses
Authors: Chen Shaocong , Zheng Xingjian , Yang Xiongjun , Zheng Tao , Yang Ben , Lei Ying 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Long-gauge fiber Bragg grating strain sensors have been widely employed because of their broader measuring range and higher sensitivity. However, current structural damage detection methods using macro-strain modal parameters are based on structural frequency response function or stationary power spectrum density, which are not applicable to non-stationary responses. To overcome this limitation, an improved method is proposed in this paper for structural damage detection based on structural macro-strain responses under unknown multi-point non-stationary excitations. First, a new concept of macro-strain energy spectrum transmissibility (MEST) is proposed using structural non-stationary macro-strain responses, and it is derived that MEST at a certain system pole equals the ratio of macro-strain mode shape. Then, the singular value decomposition technique is adopted for the MEST matrix to identify structural natural frequencies and macro-strain mode shapes. Finally, two damage detection indicators are constructed based on the identified normalized macro-strain mode shape (NMMS). The first indicator is the difference in structural NMMS before and after structural damage. The second one is based on the curvatures of structural NMMS, which can be used for structures without intact baseline. Numerical verifications are conducted to identify beam-type structural damage under multi-point non-stationary excitations or vehicle loads. Five damage scenarios with different measurement noise levels are investigated, and damage detection results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Detection of electrode misalignment and its effect on joint quality in resistance spot welding: a low-cost computer vision-based approach
Authors: Bhavsar Param , Dutta Ananta , Pal Surjya K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Electrode misalignment in resistance spot welding can be caused by poor fitting or deformation of electrode with continuous usage. This leads to asymmetric weld nugget formation, porosity and expulsion. This paper presents a novel low-cost real-time inspection system for angular misalignment using an image processing approach. The proposed solution can effectively segment the electrode tips even from the image captured at noisy industrial background such as automotive assembly line, by using a regional convolutional neural network based object identification method. The trained model has a mean average precision and recall of 99.01% and 96.6%, respectively. A series of image processing tools and mathematical operations were used to identify the edge line contours of electrode tips accurately from the detection mask, and determine the angular misalignment with a maximum deviation of less than 0.06°. Experimental results showed that the weld nuggets exhibited porosity, shrinkage voids, and cracks when performed under angular misalignment conditions.
A feature reconstruction and SAE model based diagnosis method for multiple mixed faults
Authors: Yang Jing , Chen Jianwen , Zhan Xuan , Liu Chuanshui , Yang Cheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Owing to the merits of automatic feature extraction and depth structure, intelligent fault diagnosis based on deep neural networks has become a great concern. However, the non-fault state monitoring data volume of actual industrial machinery is rich, whereas the fault state data volume is insufficient and weak. Furthermore, achieving multiple mixed-fault diagnoses using skewed data distributions is extremely difficult. A feature reconstruction and sparse auto-encoder (AE) model-based diagnosis method for multiple mixed faults is proposed in this study to bridge these gaps. Such a feature reconstruction algorithm is designed and employed to address the following issues: (1) expensive computing resulting from the long sequential features of vibration monitoring data and (2) the extraction problem caused by the submersion of scarce data features. Furthermore, an adaptive loss function was formulated, and a deep AE network was constructed to identify the health status and determine the fault level. Diagnoses of artificial and real faults verify the availability and superiority of the proposed scheme, demonstrating the adaptability and robustness of these hyperparameters.
Scalar fields in Bonnor-Melvin-Lambda universe with potential: a study of dynamics of spin-zero particles-antiparticles
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin , Bouzenada Abdelmalek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, our primary focus is on exploring the relativistic quantum dynamics of spin-zero scalar particles in a magnetic space-time background. Our investigation revolves around solving the Klein–Gordon (KG) equation within the framework of an electrovacuum space-time, while incorporating an external scalar potential. Specifically, we consider a cylindrical symmetric Bonnor-Melvin magnetic universe featuring a cosmological constant, where the magnetic field aligns parallel to the symmetry axis. Our approach involves deriving the radial equation of the wave equation, initially considering a linear confining potential and subsequently incorporating a Cornell-type scalar potential. We successfully obtain an approximate analytical solution for the eigenvalues of the quantum system under examination. Worth noting is our observation that the energy spectrum and the corresponding radial wave function experience notable modifications due to the presence of various factors including the cosmological constant, the topological parameter characterizing the space-time geometry, and the potential parameters.
Adhesion improvement of sputtered Cu films on flexible polymer substrates through the design of metal interlayers
Authors: Wang Enze , Wang Shunhua , Wang Fu , Zhang Guangan , Shang Lunlin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Magnetron sputtering is an alternative approach to prepare flexible copper clad laminates because of low cost and thin copper clad laminate thickness. However, Cu film has poor adhesion when directly deposited on polymer substrates, imposing certain limits to the use of magnetron sputtering technique. This work aims to improve the adhesion between the copper film and the polymer substrate. In this work, we succeeded improved the adhesion between the polymer substrates and copper film by introducing different metal interlayers into the polymer/Cu interfaces. It was found that the the copper films with Ni interlayer have the best adhesion with polymer substrates. This study proposes a promising route to overcome the wear adhesion problem between Cu film and polymers in the preparation of magnetron sputtered flexible copper clad laminates.
A hybrid algorithm for quadratically constrained quadratic optimization problems
Authors: Zhou Hongyi , Peng Sirui , Li Qian , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programs (QCQPs) are an important class of optimization problems with diverse real-world applications. In this work, we propose a variational quantum algorithm for general QCQPs. By encoding the variables in the amplitude of a quantum state, the requirement for the qubit number scales logarithmically with the dimension of the variables, which makes our algorithm suitable for current quantum devices. Using the primal-dual interior-point method in classical optimization, we can deal with general quadratic constraints. Our numerical experiments on typical QCQP problems, including Max-Cut and optimal power flow problems, demonstrate better performance of our hybrid algorithm over classical counterparts.
Fiber-optic Michelson interferometric trace dimethyl methyl phosphate sensor based on MnO2/ZnO composites film
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Yang Xiaozhan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A dimethyl-methyl phosphonate (DMMP) sensor based on MnO2/ZnO composite film integrated fiber-optic Michelson interference structure is proposed. The sensing structure is formed by a thick taper between a single-mode fiber (SMF) and a four-core fiber (FCF), and then the no-core fiber (NCF) is spliced at the other end of the FCF. To enhance reflection, the silver film was deposited on the end of the NCF, and the fiber optic Michelson interference structure is formed. MnO2/ZnO composite sensing film was deposited on the FCF surface, and the structure, morphology, and properties of the sensing material were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. The sensitivity and the response time of the sensor are 0.3478 dB/ppm and 180 s, respectively. The sensor has good selectivity and stability, and it has a good application prospect in trace DMMP detection with high sensitivity.
Measurement of the small-scale 3D Lyman-α forest power spectrum
Authors: Abdul Karim Marie Lynn , Armengaud Eric , Mention Guillaume , Chabanier Solène , Ravoux Corentin , Lukić Zarija 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Small-scale correlations measured in the Lyman-α (Lyα) forest encode information about the intergalactic medium and the primordial matter power spectrum. In this article, we present and implement a simple method to measure the 3-dimensional power spectrum, P
3D, of the Lyα forest at wavenumbers k corresponding to small, ∼ Mpc scales. In order to estimate P
3D from sparsely and unevenly distributed data samples, we rely on averaging 1-dimensional Fourier Transforms, as previously carried out to estimate the 1-dimensional power spectrum of the Lyα forest, P
1D. This methodology exhibits a very low computational cost. We confirm the validity of this approach through its application to Nyx cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. Subsequently, we apply our method to the eBOSS DR16 Lyα forest sample, providing as a proof of principle, a first P
3D measurement averaged over two redshift bins z = 2.2 and z = 2.4. This work highlights the potential for forthcoming P
3D measurements, from upcoming large spectroscopic surveys, to untangle degeneracies in the cosmological interpretation of P
1D.
A wide-angle formulation of foreground filters for HI intensity mapping
Authors: Kothari Rahul , Maartens Roy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Neutral hydrogen intensity mapping can in principle deliver rapid and large-volume cosmological surveys with exquisitely accurate redshifts that are determined directly from imaging. However, intensity maps suffer from very strong foreground contamination. Future surveys will require efficient data pipelines to remove the foregrounds and reveal the cosmological signal. It is expected that this cleaning will not remove the signal in substantial parts of the available Fourier space and that significant loss of signal due to imperfect cleaning will be confined to specific regions of Fourier space. This suggests
a strategy which is useful for simplified estimates and rapid computations — i.e., to apply foreground filters that avoid the regions where loss of signal is significant. The standard Fourier-space power spectrum and foreground filters use a flat-sky approximation and thus exclude wide-angle correlations.
We provide a new geometrical formulation of foreground filters in harmonic space, which naturally includes all wide-angle effects in the power spectrum.
Foreground filtering leads to a loss of isotropy in
Fourier space. In harmonic space this produces off-diagonal correlations. We derive analytical expressions for the generalised HI power spectrum and its cross-power with CMB lensing, for both single-dish and interferometer mode surveys.
We show numerically that the off-diagonal contributions are negligible for
the auto power. In the cross power, there is a non-negligible off-diagonal contribution, but only for a small interval of the largest available scales.
For auto and cross power, the signal loss due to foreground avoidance decreases with increasing multipole (i.e. smaller scales), and the loss in interferometer mode is equal to, or slightly greater than, in single-dish mode.
We find that the cross power in single-dish mode vanishes below a critical multipole, ℓ < ℓ
0. For an SKA-like survey, ℓ
0 ∼ 20 – 40 over redshifts z = 1 – 3. This feature is not seen in interferometer mode as the pertinent angular scales are larger than those allowed by the minimum baseline.
The effect of impurity seeding on edge toroidal rotation in the ADITYA-U tokamak
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Shah K. , Chowdhuri M.B. , Ramaiya N. , Gauttam Aman , Jadeja K.A. , Hedge Bharat , Yadava N. , Singh Kaushlender , Dolui Suman , Macwan Tanmay , Kumawat Ashok , Gautam Pramila , Pradhan Laxmikanta , Raj Harshita , Shukla G. , Modi Dipexa , Patel S. , Banerjee Soumitra , Hoque Injamul , Komal  , Aich Suman , Patel Ankit , Utsav  , Kanik A. , Kumar Rohit , Verma Priyanka , Patel K.M. , Galodiya Kalpesh , Shah M. , Tanna R.L. , Ghosh Joydeep 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Intrinsic toroidal rotation velocity (Vφ
) has been measured from the Doppler shift of C5+ carbon spectral lines (at 529.05 nm) in the edge region of the ADITYA-U tokamak without any auxiliary torque input in an ohmically heated pure hydrogen (H2) plasma as well as in H2 plasmas seeded with medium-Z (neon and argon) impurities . The toroidal rotation in the edge region is observed to reverse its direction from the counter-current to the co-current direction with an increase in plasma current beyond I
p ∼ 145–150 kA. Furthermore, a systematic decrease in the co-current Vφ
has been observed with the edge density, which tends to decrease to almost zero velocity with an increase in the edge density. The injection of medium-Z (neon and argon) impurities is observed to influence the edge toroidal rotation significantly. In low I
p discharges, argon injection leads to a reversal of edge intrinsic rotation from the counter-current to the co-current direction. In high I
p discharges, both neon and argon seeding enhance the co-current rotation by about ∼5–10 km s−1, at a constant I
p compared to pure H2 discharges. Simultaneous measurements of the edge radial electric field, E
r, shows that the E
r × Bθ
flow seems to be driving the edge toroidal rotation in ADITYA-U. With impurity injection, the E
r also gets modified, leading to an observed increase in the edge toroidal rotation.
Turbulent drifts of impurity ions as an explanation for anomalous radial transport in the far-SOL of DIII-D
Authors: Zamperini S.A. , Bernard T.N. , Rudakov D.L , Boedo J.A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Successful fusion reactor operation relies on minimal core contamination by impurities, otherwise too much power may be radiated and harm performance. This requires reliable predictions of impurity transport from the scrape-off layer (SOL) into the core, beyond the traditional ‘anomalous’ diffusion approach. We report a set of far-SOL tungsten transport simulations that demonstrate the role of turbulent drifts on radial impurity transport. A turbulent plasma background is simulated using the gyrokinetic SOL code Gkeyll. Tungsten ions are followed within the plasma background using only their drifts. We find that tungsten tends to travel radially outwards with velocities between v
r = 300–1200 m s−1 primarily due to polarization drift. We also extract an anomalous radial diffusion coefficient that varies from

D

r

anom

= 5–20 m2 s−1. These results are compared to and agree with previous interpretive modeling results. We also show how the turbulent polarization drift can transport some tungsten ions from the wall inwards with effective pinch velocities up to 10 000 m s−1. We conclude that turbulent drifts are a likely explanation for historically anomalous radial impurity transport.