bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High accuracy postbuckling analysis of box section struts
Authors: Ghannadpour S.A.M. , Ovesy H.R. , Nassirnia M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the theoretical developments of two finite strip methods (i.e. semi‐analytical and full‐analytical) for the post‐buckling analysis of some box section struts. In the semi‐analytical finite strip approach, all the displacements are postulated by the appropriate shape functions while in the development process of the full‐analytical approach, the von‐Kármán's equilibrium equation is solved exactly to obtain the buckling loads and the corresponding form of out‐of‐plane buckling deflection modes. The investigation of struts buckling behaviour is then extended to the post‐buckling study with the assumption that the deflected form after the buckling is the combination of first, second and higher (if required) modes of buckling. Thus, the full‐analytical post‐buckling study is effectively a multi term analysis, which is attempted by utilizing the so‐called semi‐energy method. In this method the von‐Kármán compatibility equation is used together with a consideration of the total strain energy of the strut. Through the solution of the compatibility equation, the in‐plane displacement functions which are themselves related to the Airy stress function are developed in terms of the unknown coefficients in the assumed out‐of‐plane deflection function. The in‐plane and out‐of‐plane deflection functions are substituted in the total strain energy expressions and the theorem of minimum total potential energy is applied to solve for the unknown coefficients. It is noted that the Classical Plate Theory (CPT) is applied throughout the theoretical developments. Through the comparison of the results and the appropriate discussion, the knowledge of the level of capability of these methods is significantly promoted.
The decomposed form of the stress state for transversely isotropic beam bending based on elastic theory
Authors: Gao Y. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper we study a plane stress problem of rectangular beams which are slender and thin elastic bodies with free upper and lower surfaces and in the absence of body forces. Without employing ad hoc stress assumptions, the decomposed form of the stress state for transversely isotropic beam bending is proposed on the basis of the classical elastic theory, and the corresponding decomposition theorem is inextenso presented for the first time. It is shown that the stress state of transversely isotropic beams with free faces can be uniquely decomposed into two parts: the interior state and the Papkovich‐Fadle (P‐F) state. In the proof course of the decomposition theorem, some basic mathematical methods are used only, so the proof is more convenient for being understood. These two states are identical to two equations derived in the refined theory of transversely isotropic beams, so this work practically proves the consistency between the decomposed form and the refined theory of transversely isotropic beams. Moreover, with the separate consideration of the interior state and P‐F state, a relatively simple analytical solution is often practical and desirable, and the numerical computation process is greatly simplified.
Shared features of S100B immunohistochemistry and cytochrome oxidase histochemistry in the ventroposterior thalamus and lateral habenula in neonatal rats
Authors: Muneoka Katsumasa , Funahashi Hisayuki , Ogawa Tetsuo , Whitaker‐Azmitia Patricia M. , Shioda Seiji 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe ventroposterior thalamus and the habenular nuclei of the epithalamus are relevant to the monoaminergic system functionally and anatomically. The glia‐derived S100B protein plays a critical role in the development of the nervous system including the monoaminergic systems. In this study, we performed an immunohistochemical study of glia‐related proteins including S100B, serotonin transporter, and microtubule‐associated protein 2, as well as cytochrome oxidase histochemistry in neonatal rats. Results showed the same findings for S100B immunohistochemistry between the ventroposterior thalamus and the lateral habenula at postnatal day 7: intense staining in cell bodies of astrocytes, diffusely spread immunoproduct in the intercellular space, and S100B‐free areas as well as a strong reaction to cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. Further common features were the scarcity of glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive astrocytes and the few apoptotic cells observed. The results of the cytochrome oxidase reaction suggested that S100B is released actively into intercellular areas in restricted brain regions showing high neuronal activity at postnatal day 7. Pathology of the ventroposterior thalamus and the habenula is suggested in mental disorders, and S100B might be a key factor for investigations in these areas.
A NOTE ON RELATIVE PSEUDOCOMPACTNESS IN THE CATEGORY OF FRAMES
Authors: DUBE THEMBA 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA subspace S of Tychonoff space X is relatively pseudocompact in X if every f∈C(X) is bounded on S. As is well known, this property is characterisable in terms of the functor υ which reflects Tychonoff spaces onto the realcompact ones. A device which exists in the category CRegFrm of completely regular frames which has no counterpart in Tych is the functor which coreflects completely regular frames onto the Lindelöf ones. In this paper we use this functor to characterise relative pseudocompactness.
In vitroindications for favourable non-additive effects on ruminal methane mitigation between high-phenolic and high-quality forages
Authors: Jayanegara Anuraga , Marquardt Svenja , Wina Elizabeth , Kreuzer Michael , Leiber Florian 
Published: May 2012

Feeding plants containing elevated levels of polyphenols may reduce ruminal CH4emissions, but at the expense of nutrient utilisation. There might, however, be non-additive effects when combining high-phenolic plants with well-digestible, high-nutrient feeds. To test whether non-additive effects exist, the leaves ofCarica papaya(high in dietary quality, low in polyphenols),Clidemia hirta(high in hydrolysable tannins),Swietenia mahagoni(high in condensed tannins) andEugenia aquea(high in non-tannin phenolics) were tested alone and in all possible mixtures (n15 treatments). An amount of 200 mg DM of samples was incubatedin vitro(24 h; 39oC) with buffered rumen fluid using the Hohenheim gas test apparatus. After the incubation, total gas production, CH4concentration and fermentation profiles were determined. The levels of absolute CH4, and CH4:SCFA and CH4:total gas ratios were lower (P< 0·05) when incubating a combination ofC. papayaand any high-phenolic plants (C. hirta,S. mahagoniandE. aquea) than when incubatingC. papayaalone. Additionally, mixtures resulted in non-additive effects for all CH4-related parameters of the order of 2–15 % deviation from the expected value (P< 0·01). This means that, by combining these plants, CH4in relation to the fermentative capacity was lower than that predicted when assuming the linearity of the effects. Similar non-additive effects of combiningC. papayawith the other plants were found for NH3concentrations but not for SCFA concentrations. In conclusion, using mixtures of high-quality plants and high-phenolic plants could be one approach to CH4mitigation; however, this awaitsin vivoconfirmation.
From Literal to Spiritual Soldiers of Christ: Disputed Episcopal Elections and the Advent of Christian Processions in Late Antique Rome
Authors: Latham Jacob A. 
Published: May 2012

There were at least five disputed episcopal elections in the fourth through the sixth centuries. This intra-Christian competition did not, however, lead to the contestation of space in the form of processions as it did, for example, in Constantinople. At Rome, intra-Christian competition took the form, at least rhetorically, of siege and occupation. Instead of conquering urban space through processions—impossible as the Roman aristocracy and their patronage of traditional spectacles still dominated and defined the public sphere—Roman Christians resorted to warfare, until the mid-sixth century C.E. when an impoverished aristocracy ceased to lavish its diminished wealth on traditional forms of public display.Throughout all of these electoral disputes a number of elements consistently emerge: one, the use of martial language to describe the events; two, the concentration on a few contested sites; and three, internal divisions among Roman Christians. A strategy of militaristic occupation of centrally important churches clearly marked these schisms, as each side marched upon and occupied the principal churches of Rome, invading and expelling their enemies from other principal churches when they could. The martial language in the descriptions of these conflicts often veered close to the religious, indicating, hinting, that the origins of Christian processions lie in conflict and battle. From the literal soldiers of Christ, armed with clubs, rocks, and swords, emerged spiritual soldiers bearing crosses and singing hymns.
Bayesian B-spline mapping for dynamic quantitative traits
Authors: XING JUN , LI JIAHAN , YANG RUNQING , ZHOU XIAOJING , XU SHIZHONG 
Published: May 2012

SummaryOwing to their ability and flexibility to describe individual gene expression at different time points, random regression (RR) analyses have become a popular procedure for the genetic analysis of dynamic traits whose phenotypes are collected over time. Specifically, when modelling the dynamic patterns of gene expressions in the RR framework, B-splines have been proved successful as an alternative to orthogonal polynomials. In the so-called Bayesian B-spline quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, B-splines are used to characterize the patterns of QTL effects and individual-specific time-dependent environmental errors over time, and the Bayesian shrinkage estimation method is employed to estimate model parameters. Extensive simulations demonstrate that (1) in terms of statistical power, Bayesian B-spline mapping outperforms the interval mapping based on the maximum likelihood; (2) for the simulated dataset with complicated growth curve simulated by B-splines, Legendre polynomial-based Bayesian mapping is not capable of identifying the designed QTLs accurately, even when higher-order Legendre polynomials are considered and (3) for the simulated dataset using Legendre polynomials, the Bayesian B-spline mapping can find the same QTLs as those identified by Legendre polynomial analysis. All simulation results support the necessity and flexibility of B-spline in Bayesian mapping of dynamic traits. The proposed method is also applied to a real dataset, where QTLs controlling the growth trajectory of stem diameters in Populus are located.
Crustacean-borne infections with microphallid metacercariae (Digenea: Microphallidae) from focal areas in Meghalaya, north-east India
Authors: Goswami L.M. , Prasad P.K. , Biswal D.K. , Chatterjee A. , Tandon V. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDuring a survey of edible Crustacea for recovery of infective stages (metacercariae) of potential helminthozoonoses of trematode origin in north-east India, the crab speciesBarytelphusa lugubris mansoniana,collected from suspected foci of lungfluke infection in Meghalaya and Assam, was found to harbour metacercarial cysts that were different from the earlier reported infection, in which the lungflukeParagonimuswas confirmed to be implicated. Using morphological criteria, this metacercaria was identified asMicrophallus indicusMukherjee & Ghosh, 1967 of the trematode family Microphallidae. The present study extends the previous work by providing molecular characterization of this parasite using ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (rDNA ITS1 and ITS2) and the partial large ribosomal subunit DNA, lsr. These target regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using trematode universal primers and sequenced. In BLAST analysis the query sequences were found close to members of Microphallidae and closest to the genusMicrophallus.
The Economics of Reproduction: Horse-breeding in early colonial India, 1790–1840
Authors: MISHRA SAURABH 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe expansionist policies of the early colonial regime led to a significant emphasis on the importance of a large cavalry, but horses of a suitable quality appeared difficult to obtain within the subcontinent. Several measures were consequently taken to encourage horse-breeding, including the establishment of government studs and policies directed towards the creation of a ‘native’ market in quality horses. However, these measures did not appear to produce any significant results, despite sustained implementation. This paper examines in detail colonial policies on horse-breeding and links them to the larger economic logic of empire. It touches on several related themes such as early colonial interaction with ‘native’ agents, the question of free markets, and the impact of utilitarian and physiocratic doctrines on colonial policies.
A new political anatomy of the older body? An examination of approaches to illness in old age in primary care
Authors: PICKARD SUSAN 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the new approaches to older bodies found within primary care, with the purpose of determining whether they represent a significant disjunction from established approaches in geriatric medicine. A genealogical review of clinical approaches to certain conditions commonly found in old age is undertaken utilising (a) key texts of pioneering British geriatricians and (b) three editions of a key textbook of general practice, published between 1989 and 2009. The discourses and practices established by the Quality and Outcome Frameworks in England are then examined, focusing on evidence-based guidance for these same conditions. Following this excavation of written texts, empirical data are analysed, namely the accounts of general practitioners and practice nurses regarding application of the technologies associated with chronic disease management to older patients. Continuities and changes identified by these practitioners are explored in terms of three specific consequences, namely conceptualising and treatment of older bodies and interaction with patients. The paper's conclusion considers whether these changes are significant enough to warrant describing them as representative of an epistemic rupture or break in the way older bodies are perceived, both in medicine and also in society more generally, and thus of constituting a new political anatomy of the older body.
A monocular mobile robot reactive navigation approach based on the inverse perspective transformation
Authors: Bonin-Font Francisco , Burguera Antoni , Ortiz Alberto , Oliver Gabriel 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents an approach to visual obstacle avoidance and reactive robot navigation for outdoor and indoor environments. The obstacle detection algorithm includes an image feature tracking procedure followed by a feature classification process based on the IPT (Inverse Perspective Transformation). The classifier discriminates obstacle points from ground points. Obstacle features permit to draw out the obstacle boundaries which are used to construct a local and qualitative polar occupancy grid, analogously to a visual sonar. The navigation task is completed with a robocentric localization algorithm to compute the robot pose by means of an EKF (Extended Kalman Filter). The filter integrates the world coordinates of the ground points and the robot position in its state vector. The visual pose estimation process is intended to correct possible drifts on the dead-reckoning data provided by the proprioceptive robot sensors. The experiments, conducted indoors and outdoors, illustrate the range of scenarios where our proposal has proved to be useful, and show, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the benefits it provides.
Neuropsychological Characteristics Associated with Olfactory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
Authors: Arguedas Deborah , Langdon Robyn , Stevenson Richard 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOlfactory hallucinations (OHs) are present in a significant minority of people with schizophrenia, yet these symptoms are under-researched and poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the neuropsychological impairments that associate with OHs in schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were classified into an OH group and a group with auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVHs) and no lifetime history of OHs. Patients were age- and gender-matched to a healthy control group. All participants were assessed using: a test of odor identification; decision-making and socio-emotional tests of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala function; and a battery of standardized executive tests. Patients, as a whole, performed more poorly than controls on the tests of odor identification, emotion processing and executive function, consistent with previous research. Only two tests of OFC functioning: the Object Alternation Task, taken from Oscar-Berman and Zola-Morgan's (1980a, 1980b) Comparative Neuropsychological Tasks, and a test of “faux pas” understanding discriminated between the OH and AVH patients. Findings provide the first preliminary support for OH-specific neuropsychological impairments associated with OFC dysfunction in schizophrenia. (JINS, 2012,18, 1–10)
Mindfulness and psychosocial care in cancer: Historical context and review of current and potential applications
Authors: Greene Paul B. , Philip Errol J. , Poppito Shannon R. , Schnur Julie B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMindfulness-based interventions and mindfulness techniques have become increasingly popular in psychosocial care. These interventions have also been increasingly used with cancer patients and survivors. However, more attention is due to issues such as how these techniques may be specifically relevant for an oncology population and whether the religious derivation of mindfulness should be considered by frontline psychosocial clinicians. This article provides a history and overview of the use of mindfulness in psychosocial cancer care.
The effects of L-NAME on neuronal NOS and SOD1 expression in the DRG–spinal cord network of axotomised Thy 1.2 eGFP mice
Authors: Bradman Matthew J. G. , Morris Richard , McArdle Anne , Jackson Malcolm J. , Thippeswamy Thimmasettappa 
Published: May 2012

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in pathophysiology of the nervous system. Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) reacts with superoxide, which is also a substrate for NO, to provide antioxidative protection. NO production is greatly altered following nerve injury, therefore we hypothesised that SOD1 and NO may be involved in modulating axotomy responses in dorsal root ganglion (DRG)–spinal network. To investigate this interaction, adult Thy1.2 enhanced membrane-bound green fluorescent protein (eGFP) mice underwent sciatic nerve axotomy and received NG-nitro- <l-arginine methylester (L-NAME) or vehicle 7–9 days later. L4–L6 spinal cord and DRG were harvested for immunohistochemical analyses. Effect of injury was confirmed by axotomy markers; small proline-rich repeat protein 1A (SPRR1A) was restricted to ipsilateral neuropathology, while Thy1.2 eGFP revealed also contralateral crossover effects. L-NAME, but not axotomy, increased neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) and SOD1 immunoreactive neurons, with no colocalisation, in a lamina-dependent manner in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Axotomy and/or L-NAME had no effect on total nNOS+and SOD1+neurons in DRG. However, L-NAME altered SOD1 expression in subsets of axotomised DRG neurons. These findings provide evidence for differential distribution of SOD1 and its modulation by NO, which may interact to regulate axotomy-induced changes in DRG–spinal network.
The use of a Cumulative Needs for Care Monitor for individual treatmentv. care as usual for patients diagnosed with severe mental illness, a cost-effectiveness analysis from the health care perspective
Authors: Drukker M. , Joore M. , van Os J. , Sytema S. , Driessen G. , Bak M. , Delespaul Ph. 
Published: May 2012

Aims.To study the systematic assessment of need for care and clinical parameters for use in treatment plans in patients diagnosed with severe mental illness.Methods.The Cumulative Needs for Care Monitor (CNCM) includes various validated instruments, such as the Camberwell Assessment of Need. A Markov-type cost-effectiveness model (health care perspective, 5-year time horizon) was used to compare CNCM with care as usual (CAU). Two studies were used to determine model parameters: a before–after study (n = 2155) and a matched-control study (n = 937).Results.The CNCM may lead to a gain in psychiatric functioning according to the models. CNCM patients remain in (outpatient) care, while CAU patients drop out more frequently. There is only a small difference in inpatient care. As a result, average costs per patient in the CNCM group are between €2809 (before–after model) and €5251 (matched-control model) higher. The iCER was between €45 127 and €57 839 per life year without psychiatric dysfunction gained.Conclusions.CNCM may be only cost-effective when willingness to pay for a life year without psychiatric dysfunction is higher than €45 000. However, this result is highly sensitive to the level of psychiatric dysfunctioning in patients who do not receive care.
Study of kinetic Alfvén wave and whistler wave spectra and their implication in solar wind plasma
Authors: Dwivedi Navin Kumar , Batra Karuna , Sharma R. P. 
Published: May 2012

This work presents the numerical simulation of the nonlinear evolution of kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW), in a parametric regime consistent with the solar wind plasmas. The nonlinear dynamical equation of KAW satisfies the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation when incident pump KAW has a small perturbation. Numerical simulation has been done to solve this model equation when the ponderomotive nonlinearity is incorporated in the KAW dynamics. The localization of pump KAW as a consequence of ponderomotive nonlinearity has been studied in the solar wind at 1 AU. A weak whistler signal propagating in these localized structures is amplified and leads to the development of its own localized structures. Magnetic power spectra and spectral indices for KAW at different times are calculated. The magnetic field power spectra and spectral indices of whistler wave at different times are also calculated. The relevance of steepened KAW and whistler spectra to recent solar wind observations is also pointed out. These localized structures and steeper spectra can be responsible for the plasma heating and particles acceleration in solar wind.