bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Modifying Nafion with Fluoroalkyl‐Functionalized Polyoxometalate Nanoclusters for High‐Selective Proton Conduction.
Authors: He Haibo , Song Shihao , Zhai Liang , Li Zexu , Wang Sihan , Zuo Peng , Zhu Youliang , Li Haolong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProton exchange membranes with high selectivity are urgently required in energy and electronic technologies. Although Nafion represents the state‐of‐the‐art commercial proton exchange membrane material,it still suffers from the permeation of undesirable substances, like hydrogen in fuel cells and vanadium ions in redox flow batteries, due to the unmatched sizes between its ionic domains (3–5 nm) and these substances. In this work, we present a supramolecular modification strategy that simultaneously enhances the proton conductivity and selectivity of Nafion. We employ fluoroalkyl‐grafted polyoxometalate (POMs) nanoclusters as supramolecular additives to modify Nafion via co‐assembly. These POMs can precisely and robustly decorate at Nafion ionic domains, with their fluoroalkyl chains anchoring into the perfluorinated matrix while their inorganic clusters stay in the ionic regions. The hybrid membranes, with continuous proton hopping sites and nanoscale steric hindrance offered by POMs, exhibit a 56 % increase in proton conductivity and a 100 % improvement in proton/vanadium selectivity. This leads to significantly enhanced power density and energy efficiency in fuel cells and vanadium flow batteries, respectively. These results underscore the intriguing potential of molecular cluster additives in improving the functions of ion‐conducting membranes.
Inverse Vulcanization of Activated Norbornenyl Esters—A Versatile Platform for Functional Sulfur Polymers
Authors: Grimm Alexander P. , Plank Martina , Stihl Andreas , Schmitt Christian W. , Voll Dominik , Schacher Felix H. , Lahann Jörg , Théato Patrick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElemental sulfur has shown to be a promising alternative feedstock for development of novel polymeric materials with high sulfur content. However, the utilization of inverse vulcanized polymers is restricted by the limitation of functional comonomers suitable for an inverse vulcanization. Control over properties and structure of inverse vulcanized polymers still poses a challenge to current research due to the dynamic nature of sulfur‐sulfur bonds and high temperature of inverse vulcanization reactions. In here, we report for the first time the inverse vulcanization of norbornenyl pentafluorophenyl ester (NB‐PFPE), allowing for post‐modification of inverse vulcanized polymers via amidation of reactive PFP esters to yield high sulfur content polymers under mild conditions. Amidation of the precursor material with three functional primary amines (α‐amino‐ω‐methoxy polyethylene glycol, aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, allylamine) was investigated. The resulting materials were applicable as sulfur containing poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles in aqueous environment. Cross‐linked mercury adsorbents, sulfur surface coatings, and high‐sulfur content networks with predictable thermal properties were achievable using aminopropyl trimethoxy silane and allylamine for post‐polymerization modification, respectively. With the broad range of different amines available and applicable for post‐polymerization modification, the versatility of poly(sulfur‐random‐NB‐PFPE) as a platform precursor polymer for novel specialized sulfur containing materials was showcased.
Regulating Reactive Oxygen Intermediates of Fe−N−C SAzyme via Second‐Shell Coordination for Selective Aerobic Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Xu Yuan , Ma Yuanjie , Chen Xinghua , Wu Kaiqing , Wang Kaiyuan , Shen Yanfei , Liu Songqin , Gao Xuejiao J. , Zhang Yuanjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation for single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes), e.g., Fe−N−C, is a key scientific issue that determines the activity, selectivity, and stability of aerobic reaction. However, the poor understanding of ROS formation mechanism on SAzymes greatly hampers their wider deployment. Herein, inspired by cytochromes P450 affording bound ROS intermediates in O2 activation, we report Fe−N−C containing the same FeN4 but with tunable second‐shell coordination can effectively regulate ROS production pathways. Remarkably, compared to the control Fe−N−C sample, the second‐shell sulfur functionalized Fe−N−C delivered a 2.4‐fold increase of oxidase‐like activity via the bound Fe=O intermediate. Conversely, free ROS (⋅O2−) release was significantly reduced after functionalization, down to only 17 % of that observed for Fe−N−C. The detailed characterizations and theoretical calculations revealed that the second‐shell sulfur functionalization significantly altered the electronic structure of FeN4 sites, leading to an increase of electron density at Fermi level. It enhanced the electron transfer from active sites to the key intermediate *OOH, thereby ultimately determining the type of ROS in aerobic oxidation process. The proposed Fe−N−Cs with different second‐shell anion were further applied to three aerobic oxidation reactions with enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability.
Cobalt complexes with bidentate (NO) versus monodentate (N) salicylaldimine ligands: Syntheses, crystal structures, and comparison in bioactivity profile against bacterial, fungal, and cancer cells and activities on wheat germination indices
Authors: Williem Ereny S. , Amro Ahmed , Ibrahim Ahmed B. M. , Elkhalik S. Abd , Meurer Florian , Bodensteiner Michael , Abbas S. M. 
Published: June 2024

Two complexes of cobalt (II) with monobasic bi‐coordinated {2‐((isopropylimino)methyl)phenol} and neutral mono‐coordinated {2‐((pyridin‐3‐ylimino)methyl)phenol} ligands were prepared. The ligands were not separated as solids, and the complexes, respectively, [Co(L1)2] C1 and [Co (HL2)2Cl2] C2, were obtained from solutions containing cobalt (II) chloride, salicylaldehyde, and the respective amine. The crystallographic studies confirmed fourfold coordinated cobalt in complexes C1 and C2 via N2O2 and N2Cl2 donor atoms, respectively. Further, these complexes crystallized in the orthorhombic Pbca (C1) and monoclinic I2/a (C2) space groups. Against two fungi, the complexes (20 mg/mL) in DMSO induced only inhibition zones of 11 and 15 mm diameters in Candida albicans strains, but amphotericin B inhibited this fungus by 21 mm. All complexes (20 mg/mL) in DMSO were tested against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Complex C1 showed similar inhibition zones each with 12 mm diameter against these bacteria, but C2 gave inhibition zones with 17, 21, 19, and 16 mm diameters closer to those due to ampicillin which inhibited these strains by 26, 21, 25, and 26 mm. The complexes' C1 and C2 cytotoxicity was also evaluated in MCF‐7 cancer and baby hamster kidney normal cells, and they, respectively, gave IC50 values of 29.1 and 18.1 μM in the cancer cells and of 35.5 and 17.5 μM in the normal ones. The reference, doxorubicin, induced cytotoxic effect with IC50 = 9.66 and 36.42 μM on the MCF‐7 and baby hamster kidney cells, respectively. Both complexes and the control offered 100% germination for a drought‐resistive wheat cultivar, but complex C1 offered only 95% wheat germination under drought conditions. For a drought‐sensitive wheat cultivar, the control, complex C1, and complex C2 offered 90%, 85%, and 90% germination under normal irrigation and 95%, 100%, and 95% germination under drought.
Artisanal fishing affects the local distribution of broad‐snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) within the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
Authors: Mascarenhas‐Junior Paulo B. , Strickland Bradley A. , Heithaus Michael R. , Santos Rayssa L. , Barboza Rafael S. , Simões Pedro I. , Correia Jozelia M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Artisanal fishing is an important subsistence practice in freshwater habitats worldwide, but overexploitation threatens the conservation of several nontarget species including crocodylians. We investigated the effects of artisanal fishing on the distribution of a population of broad‐snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) inhabiting the Tapacurá reservoir, within the highly altered and threatened Atlantic Forest biome.
We conducted spotlight surveys to detect caimans and gillnets deployed in the reservoir from April 2015 to June 2022. We evaluated temporal differences in gillnet encounter rates and the relationship between caimans and gillnet distribution.
Gillnet encounter rates remained consistent year‐round, while caiman encounter rates were highest near gillnets, especially in the river channel and in forested margins. Caimans are opportunistic predators attracted by tangled fish in gillnets and likely prefer habitats with increased fish abundance.
Future research should continue monitoring the interaction between caimans and fishing and include local communities in conservation efforts.
Family history of psychiatric conditions and development of siblings of children with autism
Authors: Bellia Giselle , Chang Joseph , Liew Zeyan , Vernetti Angelina , Macari Suzanne , Powell Kelly , Chawarska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractYounger siblings (SIBS) of children with autism exhibit a wide range of clinical and subclinical symptoms including social, cognitive, language, and adaptive functioning delays. Identifying factors linked with this phenotypic heterogeneity is essential for improving understanding of the underlying biology of the heterogenous outcomes and for early identification of the most vulnerable SIBS. Prevalence of neurodevelopmental (NDD) and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD) is significantly elevated in families of children with autism. It remains unknown, however, if the family history associates with the developmental outcomes among the SIBS. We quantified history of the NDDs and NPDs commonly reported in families of children with autism using a parent interview and assessed autism symptoms, verbal, nonverbal, and adaptive skills in a sample of 229 SIBS. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine links between family history and phenotypic outcomes, whereas controlling for birth year, age, sex, demographics, and parental education. Results suggest that family history of schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and intellectual disability associate robustly with dimensional measures of social affect, verbal and nonverbal IQ, and adaptive functioning in the SIBS. Considering family history of these disorders may improve efforts to predict long‐term outcomes in younger siblings of children with autism and inform about familial factors contributing to high phenotypic heterogenetity in this cohort.
The impact of GitHub on students' learning and engagement in a software engineering course
Authors: Patani Prutha , Tiwari Saurabh , Rathore Santosh Singh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGitHub, a widely used software development platform, facilitates organization of projects and collaboration. Its popularity extends to students who use it to host code and create open repositories for class projects. However, despite its potential benefits, the use of GitHub in education has often been unplanned and lacked structure. Consequently, the effectiveness of GitHub in improving student learning and project development skills remains unclear. This study explores the impact of using GitHub as a tool in a software engineering course on students' skill sets and perspectives. We present the results of an experiment conducted with 319 undergraduate students to assess whether using GitHub improves their engagement in teamwork and subsequently enhances learning. The study conducted pre‐ and postsurveys to capture students' perspectives and experiences. Additionally, we analyzed the number of commits, pull requests (PRs), and issues from group repositories to assess learning outcomes. Our findings revealed that most students had limited knowledge of collaborative development and teamwork before using GitHub in the course. However, after using GitHub, they demonstrated effective use of teamwork skills and collaborative development, resulting in significant improvements in their overall learning.
The role of ATP‐binding cassette subfamily G member 1 in tumor progression
Authors: Xinyi Xu , Gong Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundATP‐binding cassette subfamily G member 1 is mostly known as a transporter for intracellular cholesterol efflux, and a number of studies indicate that ABCG1 also functions actively in tumor initiation and progression. This review aimed to provide an overall review of how ABCG1 acts in tumor progression.MethodA comprehensive searching about ABCG1 and tumor was conducted up to November 2023 using proper keywords through databases including PubMed and Web of Science.ResultOverall, ABCG1 plays a crucial role in the development of multiple tumorigenesis. ABCG1 enhances tumor‐promoting ability through conferring stem‐like properties to cancer cells and mediates chemoresistance in multiple cancers. Additionally, ABCG1 may act as a kinase to phosphorylate downstream molecules and induces tumor growth. In tumor microenvironment, ABCG1 plays a substantial role in immunity response through macrophages to create a tumor‐favoring circumstance.ConclusionHigh expression of ABCG1 is usually associated with poor prognosis, which means ABCG1 may be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers. ABCG1‐targeted therapy may provide a novel treatment for cancer patients.
Real‐world treatment patterns of adjuvant endocrine therapy and ovarian suppression in premenopausal HR+/HER2+ breast cancer
Authors: Sukumar Jasmine S. , Sardesai Sagar , Ni Andy , Williams Nicole , Johnson Kai , Quiroga Dionisia , Ramaswamy Bhuvana , Wesolowski Robert , Cherian Mathew , Stover Daniel G. , Gatti‐Mays Margaret , Pariser Ashley , Sudheendra Preeti , George Mridula A. , Lustberg Maryam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) in hormone receptor positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) premenopausal breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. Moreover, the benefit and clinical indications of ovarian suppression (OS) is poorly elucidated. We described real‐world patterns surrounding choice of ET and clinicopathologic features which predicted treatment with OS in a contemporary cohort of premenopausal women with HR+/HER2+ BC.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included premenopausal patients with nonmetastatic HR+/HER2+ BC from the CancerLinQ Discovery database from January 2010 to May 2020. Women were less than 50 years and received chemotherapy, anti‐HER2 therapy, and ET. They were categorized into 1 of 4 groups based on type of ET prescribed at initiation: aromatase inhibitor (AI) + OS, OS, tamoxifen + OS, or tamoxifen. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between clinicopathologic features and OS use.ResultsOut of 360,540 patients with BC, 937 were included. The majority (n = 818, 87%) were prescribed tamoxifen, whereas 4 (0.4%), 50 (5.3%), and 65 (6.9%) received OS, tamoxifen + OS and AI + OS, respectively. No clinicopathologic features predicted OS use apart from age; patients <35 years were more likely to receive OS compared with those ≥35 years (odds ratio 2.33, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis is the first real‐world study evaluating ET treatment patterns in HR+/HER2+ premenopausal BC. OS use was uncommon and the majority received tamoxifen as the preferred ET regardless of most clinicopathologic risk factors. Additional research is needed to optimize ET decisions in young women with this distinct BC subtype.
Preclinical evidence for the use of anti‐Trop‐2 antibody‐drug conjugate Sacituzumab govitecan in cerebral metastasized castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Weiten Richard , Niemann Max , Below Eduard , Friker Lea L. , Ralser Damian J. , Toma Marieta , Kristiansen Glen , Hahn Oliver , Zechel Sabrina , Grünwald Viktor , Bald Tobias , Siewert Johannes , Pietsch Torsten , Ritter Manuel , Hölzel Michael , Eckstein Markus , Alajati Abdullah , Krausewitz Philipp , Klümper Niklas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeImproved survival rates have been observed in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to advancements in treatment options. However, individuals with brain metastases still have limited therapeutic options and an unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new therapeutic avenues, such as antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs), which have demonstrated significant clinical activity against active brain metastases in solid tumors. Our objective was to determine the expression levels of the ADC targets Trop‐2 and NECTIN‐4 in cerebral metastasized CRPC (mCRPC).MethodsImmunohistochemical staining of Trop‐2 and NECTIN‐4 with evaluation of H‐score was performed in CRPC brain metastases (n = 31). Additionally, we examined Trop‐2 protein expression in prostate cancer cell lines and studied their responsiveness to the anti‐Trop‐2 ADC Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in vitro.ResultsOur analysis revealed that most patients exhibited moderate to strong Trop‐2 expression [n = 27/31 with H‐score ≥100, median H‐score 220 (IQR 180–280)], while NECTIN‐4 was absent in all cerebral metastases. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the efficacy of SG depends on Trop‐2 expression levels in vitro. Overexpression of Trop‐2 in Trop‐2‐negative PC‐3 cells led to sensitization to SG, whereas CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated knockdown of Trop‐2 in Trop‐2‐expressing DU‐145 cells conferred resistance to SG.ConclusionThe substantial expression of Trop‐2 in cerebral metastases, along with our preclinical in vitro results, supports the efficacy of SG in treating cerebral mCRPC. Thus, our results extend the understanding of the potential of ADCs in prostate cancer treatment and provide an additional treatment strategy for the challenging subset of patients with cerebral metastases.
Characterization of HphA: The First Enzyme in the Homologation Pathway of l‐Phenylalanine and l‐Tyrosine
Authors: Stewart Laura E. , Owens Skyler L. , Ahmed Shopno R. , Lang Harman Rebecca M. , Mori Shogo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHomologation of amino acids is the insertion or deletion of a methylene group to their side chain, which is a relatively uncommon chemical transformation observed in peptide natural product (NP) structure. Homologated amino acids can potentially make the NP more stable in a biological system, but its biosynthesis is yet to be understood. This study biochemically characterized the first of three unexplored enzymes in the homologation pathway of l‐phenylalanine and l‐tyrosine. Previously proposed reactions catalyzed by HphA were confirmed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The substrate profile and kinetic parameters showed high selectivity for the natural substrates and their close analogs. The comparability of HphA to homologous enzymes in primary metabolic pathways, 2‐isopropylmate synthase and homocitrate synthase which are involved in l‐leucine and l‐lysine biosynthesis, respectively, was validated by bioinformatical and site‐directed mutagenesis studies. The knowledge obtained from this study has deepened the understanding of the homologation of amino acids, which can lead to future combinatorial biosynthesis and metabolic engineering studies.
Amitriptyline and cholecalciferol amend hippocampal histological structure and myelination during stress in Wistar rats via regulating miR200/BMP4/Olig‐2 signaling
Authors: Roushdy Marian Maher Salib , Labib Jolly M. W. , Abdelrahim Dina Sayed , Mohamed Dalia Abdel Wahab , Abdelmalak Marian Farid Louka 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChronic stress is a universal condition commonly associated with many psychiatric diseases. An extensive body of evidence discussed hippocampal affection upon chronic stress exposure, however, the underlying molecular pathways still need to be identified. We investigated the impact of chronic stress on miR200/BMP/Olig‐2 signaling and hippocampal myelination. We also compared the effects of chronic administration of amitriptyline and cholecalciferol on chronically stressed hippocampi. Both amitriptyline and cholecalciferol significantly decreased serum cortisol levels, reduced immobility time in the forced swim test, increased the number of crossed squares in open field test, decreased the hippocampal expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and its messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, reduced miR200 expression as compared to untreated chronically stressed rats. Also, both drugs amended the hippocampal neuronal damage, enhanced the surviving cell count, and increased the pyramidal layer thickness of Cornu Ammonis subregion 1 (CA1) and granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Cholecalciferol was more effective in increasing the area percentage of myelin basic protein (MBP) and Olig‐2 positive cells count in hippocampi of chronic stress‐exposed rats than amitriptyline, thus enhancing myelination. We also found a negative correlation between the expression of BMP4, its mRNA, miR200, and the immunoexpression of MBP and Olig‐2 proteins. This work underscores the amelioration of the stress‐induced behavioral changes, inhibition of miR200/BMP4 signaling, and enhancement of hippocampal myelination following chronic administration of either amitriptyline or cholecalciferol, though cholecalciferol seemed more effective in brain remyelination.
Transition from WATCHMAN generation‐2.5 device to WATCHMAN FLX device for percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: Incidence and predictors of device‐related thrombosis and short‐ to mid‐term outcomes
Authors: Chatani Ryuki , Kubo Shunsuke , Tasaka Hiroshi , Nishiura Naoki , Mushiake Kazunori , Ono Sachiyo , Maruo Takeshi , Kadota Kazushige 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) not suitable for long‐term anticoagulant therapy undergo percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) using the WATCHMAN device. The safety and efficacy of WATCHMAN‐FLX (WM‐FLX) compared with WATCHMAN‐2.5 (WM‐2.5), particularly in Asian populations, is unknown.MethodsWe evaluated the background, procedure, and clinical outcomes of 199 patients who underwent LAAC between September 2019 and December 2022 and compared WM‐2.5 (72 patients) with WM‐FLX (127 patients).ResultsThe mean age was 76 years, with 128 men, and 100 had nonparoxysmal AF (non‐PAF). The mean CHA2DS2‐VASc, and HAS‐BLED were 5.1, and 3.2 points, respectively. WM‐FLX group demonstrated a shorter procedure time than WM‐2.5 group (50 vs. 42 min, p = 0.001). The WM‐FLX group demonstrated no procedural‐related acute cardiac tamponade, which was significantly low (5.6% vs. 0%, p = 0.02), and a significantly higher rate of complete seal at 45‐day (63% vs. 80%, p = 0.04). WM‐FLX group had a significantly higher cumulative 1‐year incidence of device‐related thrombosis (DRT) than WM‐2.5 group (3.4% vs. 7.0%, Log‐rank p = 0.01). Univariate analysis identified two DRT risk factors in the WM‐FLX group: non‐PAF (odds ratio [OR] 7.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–48.7; p = 0.04), and 35‐mm device (OR 5.13; 95% CI 1.31–19.8; p = 0.02).ConclusionsWM‐FLX significantly improved the procedural quality and safety of LAAC. However, DRT remains an important issue even in the novel LAAC device, being a hazard for patients with high DRT risk, such as having non‐PAF and using 35‐mm devices.