bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilingual Medical Data Models in ODM Format
Authors: Kenneweg J. , Fritz F. , Bruland P. , Doods D. , Trinczek B. , Dugas M. , Breil B. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBackground: Semantic interoperability between routine healthcare and clinical research is an unsolved issue, as information systems in the healthcare domain still use proprietary and site-specific data models. However, information exchange and data harmonization are essential for physicians and scientists if they want to collect and analyze data from different hospitals in order to build up registries and perform multicenter clinical trials. Consequently, there is a need for a standardized metadata exchange based on common data models. Currently this is mainly done by informatics experts instead of medical experts.Objectives: We propose to enable physicians to exchange, rate, comment and discuss their own medical data models in a collaborative web-based repository of medical forms in a standardized format.Methods: Based on a comprehensive requirement analysis, a web-based portal for medical data models was specified. In this context, a data model is the technical specification (attributes, data types, value lists) of a medical form without any layout information. The CDISC Operational Data Model (ODM) was chosen as the appropriate format for the standardized representation of data models. The system was implemented with Ruby on Rails and applies web 2.0 technologies to provide a community based solution. Forms from different source systems – both routine care and clinical research – were converted into ODM format and uploaded into the portal.Results: A portal for medical data models based on ODM-files was implemented (http://www.medical-data-models.org). Physicians are able to upload, comment, rate and download medical data models. More than 250 forms with approximately 8000 items are provided in different views (overview and detailed presentation) and in multiple languages. For instance, the portal contains forms from clinical and research information systems.Conclusion: The portal provides a system-independent repository for multilingual data models in ODM format which can be used by physicians. It serves as a platform for discussion and enables the exchange of multilingual medical data models in a standardized way.
Analysis of Tantalum Implants used for Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head: A Review of Five Retrieved Specimens
Authors: Fernández-Fairen Mariano , Murcia Antonio , Iglesias Roberto , Sevilla Pablo , Manero José Maria , Gil Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2012

Aim The effective results shown in the porous systems of tantalum employed for the use of osseointegrates has been demonstrated by means of animal experimentation. However, there is a total lack of any research studies on the osseointegration of tantalum implants from retrieval of the same after a period of time whereby the material had been implanted within the human body. Materials and Methods For this study, five rod implants used for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head were retrieved following collapse of the femoral head and conversion to total hip arthroplasty. The time of implantation ranged between six weeks and twenty months. Results Observation during this study has confirmed the effectiveness of osseointegration within this period of time. New bone was observed around and within the porous system of the on rod devices at retrieval date. The bone ingrowth, however, proved to be slower and less intense than that resulting within animal species during the first few months after implantation. Conclusions The results obtained in the quantitative assessment of this process proved to be similar to those results achieved by other authors in previous experimental work studies.
Quantitative Analysis of Upper Limbs during Gait: A Marker Set Protocol
Authors: Cimolin Veronica , Galli Manuela , Albertini Giorgio , Crivellini Marcello , Romkes Jacqueline , Brunner Reinald 
Published: July 2012

Purpose The main aim of the present study is to develop a marker set for simultaneously assessing upper and lower limb biomechanics during gait. Methods 24 healthy young subjects (mean age: 23.80 years) were assessed quantitatively using an optoelectronic system, two force platform and a video system. Passive markers were positioned according to the proposed marker set which enables acquiring the upper and lower limb movement simultaneously during Gait Analysis. In addition to the traditional parameters obtained from Gait Analysis, the shoulder and elbow angles were computed from markers coordinates of upper limbs; then, some significant parameters were identified and calculated. From shoulder and elbow position, angles, angular velocities, angular acceleration, moments, and powers were calculated for shoulder and elbow joints. Results Kinematic and kinetic data were obtained in the three planes (sagittal, frontal, and transversal) for the shoulder and in the sagittal plane for the elbow. Normative ranges were obtained for these parameters from data of healthy participants. Conclusions The proposed experimental set-up enables simultaneous assessment of upper and lower limb movement during gait. Thus, no further trials are required in addition to those acquired during standard gait analysis in order to assess upper limb motion, which also makes the experimental set-up feasible for clinical applications.
Morphology Antibody Chromosome Technique for Determining Phenotype and Genetic Status of the Same Cell
Authors: Knuutila Sakari , Mustjoki Satu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe morphology antibody chromosome (MAC) technique is a combination of methods that permits analysis of both phenotypic and genetic evaluation on a single interphase or mitotic cell as a basis for lineage analysis of neoplastic and normal cells. This unit describes MAC with sequential phenotypic analysis using antibody and an alkaline phosphatase anti‐alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) complex and genotypic analysis using in situ hybridization with either enzymatic or fluorescence detection. Alternate methods for phenotypic analysis are also described, which include the use of horseradish peroxidase–conjugated antibodies, fluorochrome‐conjugated antibodies, May‐Grunwald‐Giemsa cytochemical staining, and Sudan black B cytochemical staining. An additional protocol describes G‐ and C‐banding as alternatives to in situ hybridization (ISH) for genotyping MAC specimens. Support protocols describe methods for preparing specimens, cytospin preparations, in situ cultures, paraffin‐embedded or cryostat sections, and blood and bone marrow smears. Also described is a procedure for chromosome painting of previously GTG‐banded slides. An additional protocol is included for FISH analysis on sorted hematopoietic stem cells and its application in the detection of leukemic stem cells. For overcoming the drawbacks of scarcity and variability from case to case of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma FISH analyses, a protocol is included for the enrichment of plasma cells by immunomagnetic beads. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 74:4.7.1‐4.7.43. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation, Culture, and Analysis of Amniotic Fluid Samples
Authors: Minehart Miron Patricia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAmniotic fluid obtained via amniocentesis provides a source of fetal material used in prenatal diagnosis. The fluid is used directly for biochemical analyses and as a source of fetal cells for biochemical assays, DNA testing, and chromosome studies. This unit describes an in situ method for the preparation, culture, and harvest of amniotic fluid samples for chromosome analysis. Cells are grown, harvested for metaphase spreads, and analyzed on glass coverslips. The unit also describes methods to obtain cells for additional studies (such as molecular genetic analyses) by growing cells in flasks either following passaging of cells from a glass coverslip culture or by directly establishing a flask culture from the amniotic fluid specimen. When cells are grown in flasks, they must be removed from the flask with trypsin before they can be used in studies. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 74:8.4.1‐8.4.14. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oligonucleotide Microarrays for Clinical Diagnosis of Copy Number Variation and Zygosity Status
Authors: Miller David T. , Shen Yiping , Wu Bai‐Lin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDetection of submicroscopic genomic copy number variation is now considered the first‐tier clinical test—in place of standard G‐banded karyotyping—in the evaluation of children with unexplained developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, or congenital anomalies. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was the first molecular method for detection of submicroscopic genomic copy number variants (CNVs), but microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) has a much higher diagnostic yield for these patients when compared to traditional cytogenetic methods such as karyotype and FISH. This unit focuses on oligonucleotide arrays, including updated information about detection of long contiguous stretches of homozygosity (LCSH) through inclusion of single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) probes. Most clinical laboratories now offer arrays with some level of probe coverage throughout the genome, and many are offering detection of LCSH. Updated guidelines for array design and result interpretation are reviewed. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 74:8.12.1‐8.12.17. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oxide Catalysts for Rechargeable High‐Capacity Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Oh Si Hyoung , Nazar Linda F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNano‐crystalline mixed metal oxides with an expanded pyrochlore structure are synthesized by a chemical precipitation route in alkaline media. The high concentration of surface active sites afforded by their high surface area, intrinsically variable oxidation state and good electron transport lead to promising electrocatalytic properties for oxygen evolution in Li‐O2 cells, yielding rechargeable discharge capacities over 10 000 mAh g−1 and lowering anodic overpotentials significantly. The discharge capacity of the Li‐O2 cell is increased further when a small amount of gold is deposited on the pyrochlore oxide, which serves as a more efficient oxygen reduction catalyst. The amount of catalyst necessary for oxygen evolution performance is reduced to as little as 5 wt% by supporting the highly‐divided pyrochlore oxide crystallites on carbon using in‐situ deposition methods.
Genetic studies in congenital anterior midline cervical cleft
Authors: Jakobsen L.P. , Pfeiffer P. , Andersen M. , Eiberg H. , Hansen L. , Mang Y. , Bak M. , Møller R.S. , Klitten L.L. , Tommerup N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCongenital anterior midline cervical cleft (CAMCC) is a rare anomaly, with less than 100 cases reported. The cause of CAMCC is unknown, but genetic factors must be considered as part of the etiology. Three cases of CAMCC are presented. This is the first genetic study of isolated CAMCC. Conventional cytogenetics, array‐comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and whole exome sequencing were performed, including a search of relevant syndromes in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. Array CGH indicated a loss of the PAPPA gene in one of the patients, while exome sequencing showed a mutation in SIX5 in another patient. Both aberrations were inherited from unaffected parents. These results most likely imply that the identified mutations are not disease‐causing, although they may be contributing factors if CAMCC has a polygenic inheritance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of diachronic dietary patterns on the islands of Ibiza and Formentera, Spain: Evidence from sulfur stable isotope ratio analysis
Authors: Nehlich Olaf , Fuller Benjamin T. , Márquez‐Grant Nicholas , Richards Michael P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe present sulfur isotope ratio measurements of bone collagen from animals (n = 75) and humans (n = 120) from five sites dating to four chronological periods (Chalcolithic, Punic, Late Antiquity‐Early Byzantine, and Islamic) from the Balearic Islands of Ibiza and Formentera, Spain. This study is a follow up to previously published δ13C and δ15N values by [Fuller et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 143 (2010) 512–522] and focuses on using δ34S values to better understand the dietary patterns of these populations through time and to possibly identify immigrants to these islands. The range of δ34S values (10.5–17.8‰) observed for the animals was relatively broad, which suggests that a significant sea spray effect has added marine sulfates to the soils of Formentera and Ibiza. The mean δ34S values of the different human populations were found to be: Chalcolithic (16.5 ± 1.4‰), Punic rural (13.6 ± 1.7‰), Punic urban (12.9 ± 1.8‰), Late Antiquity‐Early Byzantine (12.3 ± 2.1‰), and Islamic (9.1 ± 2.7‰). These human δ34S results are similar to the animal data, a finding that supports the notion that there was little marine protein consumption by these societies and that the diet was mainly based on terrestrial resources. During the Punic and Late Antiquity‐Early Byzantine periods the δ34S values were used to identify individuals in the population who likely were not born or raised on the islands. In addition, 18 of the 20 individuals analyzed from the Islamic period have δ34S values that indicate that they were immigrants to Ibiza who died before acquiring the new local sulfur isotopic signature. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Different β nucleants and the resultant microstructural, fracture, and tensile properties for filled and unfilled ISO polypropylene
Authors: Varley Russell J. , Dell'Olio Mel , Yuan Qiang , Khor Sarah , Leong K. H. , Bateman Stuart 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article explores the use of two β nucleants to improve the fracture behavior of filled and unfilled homo‐polypropylene (PP). The first was based upon an organic quinacridone, whereas the second was based upon the inorganic calcium pimelate. Formulations containing various concentrations of nucleant were prepared using single screw extrusion and then characterized by X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Izod impact strength, and tensile testing. The quinacridone nucleating agent produced higher levels of β crystallinity and better improvement in strain to failure, whereas the calcium pimelate imparted greater improvement in impact strength regardless of whether the PP was filled or unfilled. No direct relationship between β crystallinity and fracture properties was observed though synergistic enhancement in impact strength was evident. By varying the concentration of calcium carbonate in the calcium pimelate from 10 : 1, 5 : 1, 2 : 1, and 1 : 1 weight composition of calcium carbonate to pimelic acid, similar property enhancements were achieved regardless of composition although the 10 : 1 sample did produce superior elongation to break. The importance of cooling rate on microstructure within each sample was explored via a through the thickness study using DSC and nano‐indenting methods. Variations in the β content through the thickness were related to cooling and found to be independent of sample composition and processing. Elastic properties varied inversely with β content. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Dendronized polyamides supports for Mo catalysts
Authors: Qin Mulan , Liu Meihua , Zhang Qing , Li Cheng , Liang Shuquan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDendronized polyamides of generations 1 and 2 were grafted with ethylenediamine (en) ligands at their peripheries by the condensation of chloromethyl groups and en molecules. The obtained dendronized complexes were further equipped with MoO2acac2 to form the catalysts PGn‐en‐Mo. The results of FT‐IR and thiocyanate photometric analysis confirmed the successful immobilization of Mo catalysts on dendronized polyamides. The catalytic properties of PGn‐en‐Mo were first studied in the epoxidation of cyclohexene with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Vulcanization of ethylene‐propylene–terpolymer‐based rubber mixtures by radiation processing
Authors: Stelescu Maria Daniela , Manaila Elena , Craciun Gabriela 
Published: July 2012

AbstractElastomers are materials used in a large range of industrial and household applications. A common physical‐chemical treatment is curing (crosslinking), imparting the rubber mechanical and thermal stability. Elastomers show low thermal conductivity values, and therefore, require complex and high‐cost heating methods; thus, the ionizing (accelerated electrons) method shows high interest for the grafting and crosslinking processes. In addition to the lack of environmental impact, reliability, flexibility, and low costs render the radiation technologies especially attractive. The article presents the results concerning trimethylolpropane‐trimethacrylate coagent concentration effect, on the mechanical properties of the ethylene‐propylene–terpolymer (EPDM) rubber vulcanized by electron beam (EB). Mechanical properties of EB irradiated samples were compared with the dibenzoyl peroxide cured samples. Dependence of mechanical properties on irradiation dose was determined from a dose range of 0 kGy to 200 kGy. Dibenzoyl peroxide vulcanization at 160°C was carried out on the EPDM samples as well. Two types of blends have been analyzed: fillers and nonfillers. The results showed an increase in mechanical properties as a function of increasing polyfunctional monomer level. Also, based on the comparison between EB and dibenzoyl peroxide vulcanization efficiency, the results show that EB irradiation gave the best results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Molecular modeling of physical aging in epoxy polymers
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Ananyo , Odegard Gregory M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEpoxy resins are often exposed to prolonged periods of sub‐Tg temperatures which cause physical aging to occur. Because physical aging can compromise the performance of epoxies and their composites and because experimental techniques cannot provide all of the necessary physical insight that is needed to fully understand physical aging, efficient computational approaches to predict the effects of physical aging on thermomechanical properties are needed. In the current study, a new method is developed to efficiently establish molecular models of epoxy resins that represent the corresponding molecular structure at specific aging times. Although this approach does not simulate the physical aging process directly, it is useful in establishing molecular models that resemble physically aged states of epoxies. Such models are useful for predicting the thermomechanical properties of aged epoxy resins to facilitate the design of durable engineering structures. For demonstration purposes, the developed method is applied to an EPON 862/diethylene toluene diamine epoxy system for three different crosslink densities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Macromolecular sorbent materials for urea capture
Authors: Wilson Lee D. , Xue Chen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThree types of chitosan–glutaraldehyde (Chi–Glu) crosslinked copolymer materials were prepared at various Chi–Glu weight ratios (i.e., 1 : 0.0835, 1 : 0.334, and 1 : 0.585) and variable reaction times. The corresponding Chi–Glu copolymer materials were imbibed in CuSO4 solution to yield impregnated materials in the form of copolymer/Cu(II) complexes. The copolymer materials were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry analysis. Urea sorption isotherms were obtained in aqueous solution at 295 K and pH 7 with pristine chitosan, Chi–Glu copolymers (i.e., 1 : 0.0835 and 1 : 0.585), and the corresponding Chi–Glu/Cu(II) complexes. The concentration of unbound urea was monitored indirectly using a colorimetric method with p‐dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using the Sips isotherm model. The uptake of urea with pristine chitosan was 4.7% w/w, whereas Chi–Glu copolymers display increased sorption (Qm = 10.6–17.1% w/w) with increasing glutaraldehyde content. Urea sorption is further enhanced (Qm = 16.3–26.4% w/w) for copolymer Chi–Glu/Cu(II) complexes. The preparation of Chi–Glu copolymers at various conditions illustrates that the sorption capacity and molecular recognition of urea can be systematically tuned via crosslinking and the formation of copolymer/Cu(II) complexes, and these results are related to a previously reported study (Shimizu and Fujishige, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1983, 17, 597). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Pharmacokinetics of salsalate and salicylic acid in normal and diabetic rats
Authors: Cao Yanguang , DuBois Debra C. , Almon Richard R. , Jusko William J. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe pharmacokinetics (PK) of salsalate (SS) and salicylic acid (SA) was assessed in normal Wistar and diabetic Goto‐Kakizaki rats. Three PK studies were conducted: (1) PK of SA in normal rats after intravenous dosing of SA at 20, 40, 80 mg/kg. (2) PK of SS and SA in normal rats after oral dosing of SS at 28, 56, 112 mg/kg. (3) PK during 4 months feeding of SS‐containing diet in both normal and diabetic rats. The disposition of SS and SA were evaluated simultaneously using a pharmacokinetic model comprising several transit absorption steps and linear and nonlinear dual elimination pathways for SA. The results indicated that the nonlinear elimination pathway of SA only accounted for a small fraction of the total clearance (< 12%) at therapeutic concentrations. A flat profile of SA was observed after oral dosing of SS, particularly at a high dose. The possible reasons for this flat profile were posed. During the SS‐diet feeding, the diabetic rats achieved lower blood concentrations of SA than normal rats with a higher apparent clearance (CL/F), possibly due to incomplete (47%) bioavailability. Such CL/F decreased with age in both diabetic and normal rats. The effect of diabetes on SA pharmacokinetics may necessitate increased dosing in the future usage of SS in diabetes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Responses of the embryonic epigenome to maternal diabetes
Authors: Salbaum J. Michael , Kappen Claudia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMaternal diabetes and obesity are independent risk factors for neural tube defects, although it is unclear whether the effects are mediated by common pathogenic mechanisms. In this manuscript, we report a genome‐wide survey of histone acetylation in neurulation stage embryos from mouse pregnancies with different metabolic conditions: maternal diabetes, and maternal consumption of a high fat content diet. We find that maternal diabetes, and independently, exposure to high‐fat diet, are associated with increases and decreases of H3 and H4 histone acetylation in the embryo. Intriguingly, changes of H3K27 acetylation marks are significantly enriched near genes known to cause neural tube defects in mouse mutants. These data suggest that epigenetic changes in response to diet and metabolic condition may contribute to increased risk for neural tube defects in diabetic and obese pregnancies. Importantly, the responses to high‐fat diet and maternal diabetes were distinct, suggesting that perturbed embryonic development under these conditions is mediated by different molecular pathways. This conclusion is supported by morphometric analyses that reveal a trend for maternal diabetes to delay embryonic development in the C57BL/6 strain, while high‐fat diet appears to be associated with accelerated development. Taken together, our results link changes in histone acetylation to metabolic conditions during pregnancy, and implicate distinct epigenetic mechanisms in susceptibility to neural tube defects under conditions of maternal diabetes and obesity. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.