bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial of percutaneous vertebroplasty versus optimal medical management for the relief of pain and disability in acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Farrokhi Majid Reza , Alibai Ehsanali , Maghami Zohre 
Published: March 2011

Object
Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are a major cause of increased morbidity in older patients. This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) versus optimal medical therapy (OMT) in controlling pain and improving the quality of life (QOL) in patients with VCFs. Efficacy was measured as the incidence of new vertebral fractures after PV, restoration of vertebral body height (VBH), and correction of deformity.

Methods
Of 105 patients with acute osteoporotic VCFs, 82 were eligible for participation: 40 patients underwent PV and 42 received OMT. Primary outcomes were control of pain and improvement in QOL before treatment, and these were measured at 1 week and at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after the beginning of the treatment. Radiological evaluation to measure VBH and sagittal index was performed before and after treatment in both groups and after 36 months of follow-up.

Results
The authors found a statistically significant improvement in pain in the PV group compared with the OMT group at 1 week (difference −3.1, 95% CI −3.72 to −2.28; p < 0.001). The QOL improved significantly in the PV group (difference −14, 95% CI −15 to −12.82; p < 0.028). One week after PV, the average VBH restoration was 8 mm and the correction of deformity was 8°. The incidence of new fractures in the OMT group (13.3%) was higher than in the PV group (2.2%; p < 0.01).

Conclusions
The PV group had statistically significant improvements in visual analog scale and QOL scores maintained over 24 months, improved VBH maintained over 36 months, and fewer adjacent-level fractures compared with the OMT group.
Three-dimensional somatotopic organization and probabilistic mapping of motor responses from the human internal capsule
Authors: Duerden Emma G. , Finnis Kirk W. , Peters Terry M. , Sadikot Abbas F. 
Published: March 2011

Object
The somatotopic organization of the motor fibers within the posterior limb of the internal capsule (IC) in humans remains unclear. Several electrophysiological atlases created from stimulation during stereotactic neurosurgery have suggested that there is considerable overlap between representations of body parts. Overlap reported in these studies may have been due to linear scaling methods applied to the data that were unable to account for individual anatomical variability. In the current work, the authors attempted to overcome these limitations by using a nonlinear registration technique to better understand the spatial location and extent of the body-part representations in the IC.

Methods
Data were acquired during 30 cases of deep brain neurosurgery in which the IC was electrically stimulated to localize the ventrolateral nucleus for a subsequent thalamotomy or implantation of a thalamic deep brain stimulator. Motor responses from the tongue, face, arm, or leg were evoked in the IC and coded in the patient's native MR imaging space. The tagged MR images were then nonlinearly registered to a high-resolution template MR image. This work resulted in a functional electrophysiological atlas demonstrating the locations of body-part representations in the posterior limb of the IC that takes individual anatomical variability into account. To further understand the spatial location and extent of the motor responses, the electrophysiological data points were transformed into 3D probability maps that describe the likelihood of obtaining motor responses in the posterior limb of the IC.

Results
The analyses suggest a reliable face-anterior, arm-intermediate, and leg-posterior somatotopic organization in the posterior limb of the IC with little overlap between the body-part representations.

Conclusions
This probabilistic atlas of functional responses evoked by stimulating the posterior limb of the IC provides better understanding of the anatomical organization of descending motor fibers, can be used for indirect intraoperative confirmation of the location of the ventrolateral thalamus, and is applicable to clinical and research MR imaging studies requiring information on spatial organization of motor fibers at the thalamic level in the human brain.
Outcomes after incidental durotomy during first-time lumbar discectomy
Authors: Desai Atman , Ball Perry A. , Bekelis Kimon , Lurie Jon D. , Mirza Sohail K. , Tosteson Tor D. , Weinstein James N. 
Published: March 2011

Object
Incidental durotomy is an infrequent but well-recognized complication during lumbar disc surgery. The effect of a durotomy on long-term outcomes is, however, controversial. The authors sought to examine whether the occurrence of durotomy during surgery impacts long-term clinical outcome.

Methods
Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) participants who had a confirmed diagnosis of intervertebral disc herniation and were undergoing standard first-time open discectomy were followed up at 6 weeks and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and annually thereafter at 13 spine clinics in 11 US states. Patient data from this prospectively gathered database were reviewed. As of May 2009, the mean (± SD) duration of follow-up among all of the intervertebral disc herniation patients whose data were analyzed was 41.5 ± 14.5 months (41.4 months in those with no durotomy vs 40.2 months in those with durotomy, p < 0.68). The median duration of follow-up among all of these patients was 47 months (range 1–95 months).

Results
A total of 799 patients underwent first-time lumbar discectomy. There was an incidental durotomy in 25 (3.1%) of these cases. There were no significant differences between the durotomy and no-durotomy groups with respect to age, sex, race, body mass index, herniation level or type, or the prevalence of smoking, diabetes, or hypertension. When outcome differences between the groups were analyzed, the durotomy group was found to have significantly increased operative duration, operative blood loss, and length of inpatient stay. However, there were no significant differences in incidence rates for nerve root injury, postoperative mortality, additional surgeries, or SF-36 scores for Bodily Pain or Physical Function, or Oswestry Disability Index scores at 1, 2, 3, or 4 years.

Conclusions
Incidental durotomy during first-time lumbar discectomy does not appear to impact long-term outcome in affected patients.
Subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson disease with severe medication-induced hallucinations or delusions
Authors: Umemura Atsushi , Oka Yuichi , Okita Kenji , Matsukawa Noriyuki , Yamada Kazuo 
Published: March 2011

Object
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) improves cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) and reduces antiparkinsonian medication. Therefore, STN DBS seems to be well indicated for patients suffering from medication-induced psychotic symptoms. However, there are few available data dealing with the effect of STN DBS in this kind of patient. The authors studied the effect of STN DBS in patients with PD and severe medication-induced hallucinations or delusions.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of 10 patients who suffered from severe medication-induced hallucinations or delusions and underwent bilateral STN DBS. Patients whose preoperative thought disorder score (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part I, item 2) was 3 or more were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent cognitive function examination and brain perfusion SPECT preoperatively to exclude dementia with Lewy bodies.

Results
Subthalamic nucleus DBS yielded significant improvement of motor function in all patients. In 8 patients, psychotic symptoms completely disappeared with significant reduction of dopaminergic medication. In 2 patients, hallucinations and delusions deteriorated immediately after surgery despite complete withdrawal of antiparkinsonian medication. However, these psychotic symptoms completely disappeared after a few months with administration of antipsychotics, and no recurrence was observed afterward in either patient.

Conclusions
Subthalamic nucleus DBS is a good treatment option for patients with PD who are suffering severe medication-induced hallucinations or delusion. However, vigilance is needed, because temporary deterioration of psychotic symptoms may occur after surgery.
A Brief History of IL-9
Authors: Goswami Ritobrata , Kaplan Mark H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIL-9 was first described in the late 1980s as a member of a growing number of cytokines that had pleiotropic functions in the immune system. Although many biological functions have been attributed to IL-9, it remains an understudied cytokine. A resurgence of interest in IL-9 has been spurred by recent work demonstrating a role for IL-9 in regulating inflammatory immunity and defining the transcription factors that activate the Il9 gene in cells that most efficiently produce IL-9. In this review, we summarize the characterization of IL-9 biological activities, highlight roles for the cytokine that are clearly defined, and outline questions regarding IL-9 functions that still require further exploration.
Complete Families of Linearly Non-degenerate Rational Curves
Authors: DeLand Matthew 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe prove that every complete family of linearly non-degenerate rational curves of degree e > 2 in ℙn has atmost n–1 moduli. For e = 2 we prove that such a family has at most n moduli. The general method involves exhibiting a map from the base of a family X to the Grassmannian of e-planes in ℙn and analyzing the resulting map on cohomology.
2-Local Isometries on Spaces of Lipschitz Functions
Authors: Jiménez-Vargas A. , Villegas-Vallecillos Moisés 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLet (X, d) be a metric space, and let Lip(X) denote the Banach space of all scalar-valued bounded Lipschitz functions ƒ on X endowed with one of the natural normswhere L(ƒ) is the Lipschitz constant of ƒ. It is said that the isometry group of Lip(X) is canonical if every surjective linear isometry of Lip(X) is induced by a surjective isometry of X. In this paper we prove that if X is bounded separable and the isometry group of Lip(X) is canonical, then every 2-local isometry of Lip(X) is a surjective linear isometry. Furthermore, we give a complete description of all 2-local isometries of Lip(X) when X is bounded.
Posthumous Reproduction and Its Legal Perspective
Authors: Ahluwalia Usha , Arora Mala 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
Assisted reproductive techniques allow us to use donated and cryopreserved gametes posthumously. This can pose legal issues, such as legitimacy of the child born, inheritance rights of the child, and life long psychosocial implications. The law in different countries takes a varied stand on it. Posthumous use of gametes must abide by the law of the land. A valid consent of the deceased is required. Mourning period of at least one year should be allowed prior to embarking on ART procedures on the surviving partner. The law regarding legitimacy of the child born after death or divorce of a spouse needs amendment. The psychological development of these children needs to be studied by long-term studies.
Unsuspected Acquired Hemophilia in a Patient with Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Pujar Yeshita V , Sherigar Bhavana Y , Patted Shobhana , Desai BR , Ruge Jayashree 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTA 24-year-old healthy multigravid patient developed postpartum hemorrhage 3 days post normal delivery. She underwent curettage × 3 followed by laparotomy and hysterectomy. Postoperatively she developed a subrectus hematoma that required laparotomy and drainage. Persistent bleeding per vaginum prompted a third laparotomy for internal iliac ligation, which could not be carried out due to massive retroperitoneal hematoma. She received multiple transfusions of blood and blood products. Her APTT was prolonged but DIC screen was negative. Prolonged APTT was not corrected by addition of normal plasma. This pointed to autoantibodies to factor VIII. She responded to immunosuppression with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide.
Community Organizing in Public Archaeology: Coalitions for the Preservation of a Hidden History in Florida
Authors: Baram Uzi 
Published: March 2011

Looking for Angola, an interdisciplinary research project seeking material remains of an early nineteenth-century maroon community, has faced the challenges of locating archaeological remains in an urban environment. Public outreach and community involvement in Bradenton, Florida since 2004 has intersected with public archaeology as applied anthropology, service learning, and civic engagement. The role of the archaeologist in these types of endeavors deserves continuing attention, and community organizing as inspired by Saul Alinsky is offered as a possibility in light of one of the survey areas facing development that threatened the homes of its residents, historic structures, and the archaeological record. Community organizing is relevant for the continuing concerns in public archaeology for conservation, preservation, and collaborative commemoration of the past.
Organocatalytic Multiple Cascade Reactions: A New Strategy for the Construction of Enantioenriched Tetrahydrocarbazoles
Authors: Cao Yi‐Ju , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Zhang Ji‐Ji , Cheng Ying , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel cascade Friedel–Crafts alkylation/Michael addition/aromatization reaction of 2‐vinylindoles with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes has been developed for the construction of functionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles. The products were obtained in up to 97% yield and with excellent stereoselectivities (ee up to>99%, dr up to>99:1).
Impact of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on malnutrition and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer — a randomized study
Authors: Silander Ewa , Nyman Jan , Bove Mogens , Johansson Leif , Larsson Sven , Hammerlid Eva 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this randomized study was to examine if a prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) for enteral nutrition could prevent malnutrition, reduce hospital stay, and improve health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).MethodsOne hundred thirty‐four patients with advanced head and neck cancer were randomized to either prophylactic PEG (study group) or clinical praxis (control group). Patients' weight, body mass index (BMI), need for hospitalization, and HRQOL were noted at 7 occasions during 2 years.ResultsNo difference in hospital stay was found. After 6 months, HRQOL was significantly better and the weight loss was significantly less in the study group. The number of malnourished patients were consistently about 10% lower in the study group during the first study year. The study group started to use enteral feeding significantly earlier and for a significantly longer time period (p < .0001).ConclusionProphylactic PEG was associated with significantly earlier start and longer use of enteral nutrition, fewer malnourished patients over time, and improved HRQOL at 6 months posttreatment start. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Effect of leukotriene receptor antagonists on lung fibrosis in rats
Authors: Shaker Olfat G. , Sourour Doaa A. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTTo compare the effects of montelukast, prednisone and the combination of both drugs in a rat model of bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis. Rats, injected intravenously with bleomycin daily for five consecutive days, were treated with either montelukast, prednisone or a combination of both drugs orally daily for 35 days starting 14 days after the commencement of the first dose of bleomycin. Montelukast‐treated rats showed reduction in collagen deposition by 29% and significant reduction in lung hydroxyproline content by 32%. Prednisone produced nonsignificant difference in collagen deposition and in lung hydroxyproline content compared with the bleomycin group. There was also a significant reduction in collagen deposition and hydroxyproline content in montelukast and prednisone treated rats by 15 and 17%, respectively, compared with bleomycin group. A significant reduction occurred in the mean area percentage of myofibroblast α smooth muscle actin in montelukast and montelukast and prednisone‐treated groups by 41 and 37%, respectively, with nonsignificant difference in prednisone‐treated rats as compared with the bleomycin group. Montelukast may be therapeutically effective for inhibiting further progression of lung fibrosis through inhibition of α‐SMA positive myofibroblasts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trabecular bone texture detected by plain radiography and variance orientation transform method is different between knees with and without cartilage defects
Authors: Wolski Marcin , Stachowiak Gwidon W. , Dempsey Alasdair R. , Mills Peter M. , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Wang Yuanyuan , Stoffel Karl K. , Lloyd David G. , Podsiadlo Pawel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe objective of this work is to evaluate differences in trabecular bone (TB) texture between subjects with and without tibiofemoral cartilage defects using a variance orientation transform (VOT) method. A case–control study was performed in subjects without radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) (K&L grade <2) matched on sex, BMI, age, knee compartment, and meniscectomy where cases (n = 28) had cartilage defects (grade ≥2) and controls (n = 28) had no cartilage defects (grade <2). Cartilage defects were assessed from MRI using validated methods. The VOT was applied to TB regions selected on medial and lateral compartments in knee X‐rays and fractal signatures (FS) in the horizontal (FSH) and vertical (FSV) directions, and along the roughest part of TB (FSSta) and texture aspect ratio signatures (StrS), at different trabecular image sizes (0.30–0.70 mm) were calculated. Compared with controls, FSV for cases were higher (p < 0.011) at image sizes 0.30–0.40 mm and 0.45–0.55 mm in the medial compartment. In the lateral compartment, FSH and FSSta for cases were higher (p < 0.028) than those for controls at 0.30–0.40 mm and 0.45–0.55 mm, while FSV was higher (p < 0.02) at 0.30–0.40 mm. TB texture roughness was greater in subjects with cartilage defects than in subjects without, suggesting thinning and fenestration of TB occur early in OA and that the VOT identifies changes in TB in knees with early cartilage damage. No differences in StrS (p > 0.05) were found. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1161–1167, 2011
Multiplicity of active centres in the cationic polymerization of p‐methoxystyrene
Authors: Sauvet G. , Moreau M. , Sigwalt P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA common ion salt effect on the propagation rate constant was studied in the cationic polymerization of p‐methoxystyrene initiated by Ph3C+SbCl−6 in CH2Cl2 at + 10°C. The polymodal molecular weight distribution of the polymers was resolved into four distinct populations, of which three are formed simultaneously at the beginning of the reaction. Influences of conversion, temperature, initial monomer concentration, degree of dissociation of the active centres and composition of solvent mixtures on the proportions of the three populations led to their attribution to three types of slowly exchanging propagating species. From most reactive to least reactive, the species are: 1) monomer‐solvated cations (free ions and ion pairs); 2) dichloromethane‐solvated cations (free ions and ion pairs); 3) polymer‐solvated free cations (intramolecular interaction between the delocalized carbocation and the aromatic ring of the penultimate unit) in equilibrium with contact ion pairs. Absolute propagation rate constants were estimated for each species. Equilibria shifted towards the most reactive species at low temperature, which explains the apparent negative activation energy previously observed.
Oligomers as initiators of free radical polymerization
Authors: Braun Dietrich 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMethyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid can be polymerized by 1, 2, 2‐tetraphenyl‐1, 2‐diphenoxyethane (TPPA), 1, 1, 2, 2‐tetraphenyl‐1, 2‐bis‐(trimethylsiloxy) ethane (TPSA), and 1, 1, 2, 2‐tetraphenyl‐1, 2‐dicyanoethane (TPCA) (1–3). The polymerization with these initiators is characterized by three steps; in the first period oligomers from MMA and initiator radicals are formed by primary radical termination.
Thermotropic mesophases in linear polysiloxanes
Authors: Godovsky Yuli K. , Papkov Vladimir S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFlexible linear polysiloxanes with inorganic backbones such as poly(diethylsiloxane) and poly‐(dipropylsiloxane) contain no traditional mesogenic groups neither in the main chain nor in side chains and, nevertheless, they are able to form thermotropic mesophases. Recent developments in the study of thermodynamics, kinetics, structure and morphology of these mesophase polymers are considered. The temperature interval of existence of the mesophase is strongly dependent on the length of side radicals and molecular weight. These dependences are examined in detail. X‐ray structure and the optical textures seen in the polarizing microscope are discussed. It is shown that large mesophase lamellae represent a very characteristic feature of the morphology of poly(diethylsiloxane). The linear growth rate of the lamellae and the overall calorimetric kinetics of the mesophase formation have been studied at various temperatures and the results obtained have been analyzed using the Avrami equation and the kinetic theory of the linear growth. As a result of the kinetic analysis two‐dimensional growth has been suggested in accordance with the microscopic observation. The formation of the mesophase in slightly crosslinked poly(diethylsiloxane) samples can be initiated by stretching. The stress‐strain and thermomechanic (deformation calorimetry data) behaviour of such samples is briefly discussed.
Elastomer‐modified epoxies and their utility in composities ‐ a review
Authors: Siebert Alan R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe concept of modifying epoxy resins with carboxyl‐reactive butadiene‐acrylonitrile liquid and solid elastomers has been extensively documented in the last 10–15 years in the open literature. Review articles by this author and R. S. Drake have appeared over the last 10 years describing this work. More recently, amine‐reactive butadiene‐acrylonitrile liquid copolymers were developed as modifiers for two part epoxy systems under ambient or slightly elevated temperature cure conditions. Much of the work described in the open literature centers on the mechanisms by which these two‐phase systems work and their utility in structural adhesives. However, these modified epoxies also find utility as matrix resins in composites. This paper will be a review of the open journal and patent literature on the use of the carboxyl and amine‐reactive elastomer‐modified epoxies as matrix resins for composites. It will deal with the theoretical aspects of that work as well as describing and showing practical composite applications for these systems.