bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of matrix metallopeptidase 3 and risk of gliomas in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Fan Weiwei , Zhou Keke , Hu Dezhi , Song Xiao , Zhao Yingjie , Chen Hongyan , Wei Qingyi , Chen Gong , Shi Jinlong , Du Guhong , Mao Ying , Lu Daru , Zhou Liangfu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMatrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) play an important role in central nervous system tumor growth, invasion and spreading. The currently available data provide clear evidence for the involvement of MMP3 in the pathophysiology of glioma. The study aims to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the MMP3 gene with glioma risk. Three haplotype tagging and additional two promoter SNPs were genotyped among 766 glioma patients and 824 cancer‐free controls from East China. None of these polymorphisms alone had a significant effect on risk of gliomas. However, when three promoter polymorphisms were evaluated together by the number of putative risk of genotypes (i.e., rs645419AA, 632478CA+AA, rs522616AA), a statistically significantly increased risk of gliomas was associated with the combined genotypes with two to three risk genotypes, compared with those with zero to one risk genotypes (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.68). This increased risk was also more pronounced among adults (adjusted OR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.02–1.27), males (adjusted OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.05–1.36), smokers (adjusted OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.07–1.52), subjects with no family history of cancer (adjusted OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.07–1.37), and patients with nonastrocytic gliomas (adjusted OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.06–1.43). In summary, our results suggest that any one of MMP3 variants may not have a substantial effect on glioma risk, but a joint effect of MMP3 promoter polymorphisms may contribute to risk of gliomas, particularly for adult gliomas. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality Evaluation of Desmodium styracifolium Using High‐performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection and Electrospray Ionisation Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhou Chan , Luo Jian‐Guang , Kong Ling‐Yi 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionDesmodium styracifolium, with C‐flavone glycosides as main pharmacological effective compounds, is a popular Chinese medicinal herb and has been used to treat urination disturbance, urolithiasis, edema and jaundice. However, few systematic methods have been reported on the quality control of this natural herb.ObjectiveTo develop a method for control the quality of D. styracifolium by combining chromatographic fingerprints and major constituent quantification.MethodSeparations were performed on an Ultimate XB‐C‐18 column by gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid. Analytes were identified by HPLC coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry experiments.ResultsTwenty common peaks in chromatographic fingerprints were first identified among 15 batches of D. styracifolium from various regions. On basis of this, a HPLC‐PAD method was established to simultaneously quantify five major constituents, which was validated for limit of qualification, linearity and interday variation of precision and accuracy.ConclusionThe assay developed could be considered as a suitable quality control method of D. styracifolium. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H‐NMR Simultaneous Identification of Health‐Relevant Compounds in Propolis Extracts
Authors: Bertelli Davide , Papotti Giulia , Bortolotti Laura , Marcazzan Gian Luigi , Plessi Maria 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionPropolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from exudates of different plants that is rich in well‐known health‐relevant phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Propolis extracts are very complex matrices difficult to study. Different analytical methods are usable to analyse propolis extracts and to obtain chemical fingerprint but to our knowledge NMR has not previously been used for this purpose.ObjectiveThis study aims to demonstrate that it is possible to use 1H‐NMR for the simultaneous recognition of phenolic compounds in complex matrices, such as propolis extracts, using appropriate tools for spectra pre‐treatment and analysis.MethodologyIn this work 12 typical phenolic propolis compounds (apigenin, chrysin, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, naringenin, pinocembrin, pinostrobin, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, p‐coumaric acid and ferulic acid) were considered as reference compounds and their presence in samples was verified by HPLC‐MS. A simple 1H‐NMR sequence was used to obtain spectra of samples. Spectra were pre‐treated by using an appropriate tool for spectra alignment and analysed by using software for the study of spectra originated from complex matrices. Sixty‐five propolis samples were used to test the proposed identification procedure.ResultsTen out of 12 considered compounds were identified as statistically significant in most of the samples.ConclusionThis work suggests that it is possible to efficiently use 1H‐NMR, coupled with appropriate spectral analytical tools, for the simultaneous detection of phenolic compounds in complex matrices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between dew‐retted and enzyme‐retted flax fibers as reinforcing material for composites
Authors: Hu Wei , Ton‐That Minh‐Tan , Denault Johanne , Rho Denis , Yang Jianzhong , Lau Peter C.K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTwo kinds of retted Canadian linseed flax fibers, dew‐retted (F1) and enzyme‐retted flax fibers (F2) were characterized in detail for their applications in composites, such as retting degree, thermal stability, tensile strength, and interfacial behavior in polypropylene (PP) matrix. It's clear from Scanning Electron Micrograph that the aspect ratio of F2 was much higher than that of F1 in the light of their separated elementary fibers in most cases. Instead, the elementary fibers of F1 remained tightly bundled into technical fiber wrapping with more non‐cellulose portions. This reflected its lower retting degree and resulted in its lower thermal stability. Single fiber tensile test and single fiber pull‐out test were used to evaluate the fiber tensile properties and fiber/PP interfacial shear strength, respectively. Better retting degree and fewer damages on F2 endowed F2 better tensile property. Consequently, higher aspect ratio, retting degree, and tensile strength proved F2 to be a kind of better reinforcing material than F1 for composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. 2011 published by Society of Plastics Engineers
Material parameters identification: An inverse modeling methodology applicable for thermoplastic materials
Authors: Polanco‐Loria M. , Daiyan H. , Grytten F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe methodology proposed in this work uses the local measured strain rate history as the applied “load” to the finite element (FE) “material point”. Next, with this strain rate history, two objective functions related to the true stress–strain and volumetric strain response could be minimized to identify some of the material parameters of the constitutive model. The whole identification process, of the nine material parameters required, is described in detail. In addition, a short description of the hyperelastic‐viscoplastic constitutive model used is given with an experimental program including mainly uniaxial tensile tests at different strain rates. The thermoplastic material investigated here is a mineral and rubber modified polypropylene (PP) compound. The main experimental data uses 3D digital image correlation (DIC) to determine full‐field displacements and deduce true stress–strain, volume dilatation, and local strain rates curves during deformation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
A comparison of exemplary biology, chemistry, earth science, and physics teachers' conceptions and enactment of inquiry
Authors: Breslyn Wayne , McGinnis J. Randy 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTeachers' use of inquiry has been studied largely without regard for the disciplines in which teachers practice. As a result, there is no theoretical understanding of the possible role of discipline in shaping teachers' conceptions and enactment of inquiry. In this mixed‐methods study, conceptions and enactment of inquiry for 60 National Board Certified Science Teachers (NBCSTs) across the secondary science disciplines of biology, chemistry, earth science, and physics were investigated. A situated cognitive framework was used. Through the analysis of portfolio text (n = 48) and participant interviews (n = 12), themes emerged for participants' conceptions and enactment of inquiry. Findings suggested that disciplinary differences exist between NBCSTs' conceptions and enactment of inquiry. Furthermore, individuals teaching in more than one discipline often held different conceptions of inquiry depending on the discipline in which they were teaching. A key implication was the critical importance of considering the discipline in understanding science teachers' varied conceptions and enactment of inquiry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:48–77, 2012
An optimal algorithm for solving partial target coverage problem in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Gu Yu , Ji Yusheng , Li Jie , Zhao Baohua 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the partial target coverage problem in wireless sensor networks under a novel coverage model. The most commonly used method in previous literature on the target coverage problem is to divide continuous time into discrete slots of different lengths, each of which is dominated by a subset of sensors while setting all the other sensors into the sleep state to save energy. This method, however, suffers from shortcomings such as high computational complexity and no performance bound. We showed that the partial target coverage problem can be optimally solved in polynomial time. First, we built a linear programming formulation, which considers the total time that a sensor spends on covering targets, in order to obtain a lifetime upper bound. Based on the information derived in previous formulation, we developed a sensor assignment algorithm to seek an optimal schedule meeting the lifetime upper bound. A formal proof of optimality was provided. We compared the proposed algorithm with the well‐known column generation algorithm and showed that the proposed algorithm significantly improves performance in terms of computational time. Experiments were conducted to study the impact of different network parameters on the network lifetime, and their results led us to several interesting insights. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finding aptamers and small ribozymes in unexpected places
Authors: Matylla‐Kulinska Katarzyna , Boots Jennifer L. , Zimmermann Bob , Schroeder Renée 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe discovery of the catalytic properties of RNAs was a milestone for our view of how life emerged and forced us to reformulate many of our dogmas. The urge to grasp the whole spectrum of potential activities of RNA molecules stimulated two decades of fervent research resulting in a deep understanding of RNA‐based phenomena. Most ribozymes were discovered by serendipity during the analysis of chemical processes, whereas RNA aptamers were identified through meticulous design and selection even before their discovery in nature. The desire to obtain aptamers led to the development of sophisticated technology and the design of efficient strategies. With the new notion that transcriptomes cover a major part of genomes and determine the identity of cells, it is reasonable to speculate that many more aptamers and ribozymes are awaiting their discovery in unexpected places. Now, in the genomic era with the development of powerful bioinformatics and sequencing methods, we are overwhelmed with tools for studying the genomes of all living and possibly even extinct organisms. Genomic SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) coupled with deep sequencing and sophisticated computational analysis not only gives access to unexplored parts of sequenced genomes but also allows screening metagenomes in an unbiased manner. WIREs RNA 2012, 3:73–91. doi: 10.1002/wrna.105This article is categorized under:

RNA-Based Catalysis > Miscellaneous RNA-Catalyzed Reactions
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Riboswitches
Clinical value of the Taylor Spatial Frame: A comparison with the Ilizarov and Orthofix fixators
Authors: Dammerer D. , Kirschbichler K. , Donnan L. , Kaufmann G. , Krismer M. , Biedermann R. 
Published: August 2011

Purpose Evaluation of the advantages and limitations of the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) with regard to the healing index (HI), distraction–consolidation time (DCT), accuracy of correction complications, and cost of the device. Methods Comparison of results with the traditional Ilizarov apparatus and a unilateral Orthofix fixator in a consecutive patient series with 135 bony deformity corrections. Results The HI did not differ significantly between all three fixators and was 57 days/cm for all patients. The DCT was significantly shorter for the TSF (148 days) compared to the Ilizarov fixator (204 days) and the Orthofix device (213 days). The accuracy of deformity correction was higher for the TSF than the other devices. The mean values of the measured angles after correction did not differ, but the variance of the results was the lowest. Also, the total rate of complications was considerably lower for the TSF. The Orthofix device showed a high rate of angular deformity during treatment, whereas both ring fixators had a relatively higher number of pin-related problems. Conclusions The findings in our patient series suggest the use of the Orthofix apparatus for simple lengthening over short to median distances and the Ilizarov device for the correction of simple bony deformities and pure lengthening over long distances. The TSF allows multiplanar corrections and lengthenings without complex modifications of the device. But, due to the remarkably higher costs, it has not yet been established as our routine device. Level of evidence Level IV—case series. Therapeutic Study—Investigating the Results of Treatment.
An isoperimetric inequality for a nonlinear eigenvalue problem
Authors: Croce Gisella , Henrot Antoine , Pisante Giovanni 
Published: August 2011

We prove an isoperimetric inequality of the Rayleigh–Faber–Krahn type for a nonlinear generalization of the first
twisted
Dirichlet eigenvalue, defined by

\lambda^{p,q}(\Omega) =
\inf \left\{
\frac{\|\nabla v\|_{L^{p}(\Omega )}}{\|v\|_{L^q(\Omega )}},\
v \neq 0,\ v \in W_0^{1,p}(\Omega),\
\int_\Omega |v|^{q−2}v dx = 0
\right\}.

More precisely, we show that the minimizer among sets of given volume is the union of two equal balls.

Résumé

On montre une inégalité isopérimétrique du type Rayleigh–Faber–Krahn pour une généralisation non-linéaire de la première valeur propre de Dirichlet
torsadée
, définie par

\lambda^{p,q}(\Omega) =
\inf \left\{
\frac{\|\nabla v\|_{L^{p}(\Omega )}}{\|v\|_{L^q(\Omega )}},\
v \neq 0,\ v \in W_0^{1,p}(\Omega),\
\int_\Omega |v|^{q−2}v dx = 0
\right\}.

Plus précisément, on montre que le minimum parmi les ensembles de volume donné est lʼunion de deux boules égales.
A RESULT ON MONOTONICALLY LINDELÖF GENERALIZED ORDERED SPACES
Authors: XU AI-JUN , SHI WEI-XUE 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we show that the character of any monotonically Lindelöf generalized ordered (GO) space is not greater than ω1, which gives a negative answer to a question posed by Levy and Matveev [‘Some questions on monotone Lindelöfness’, Questions Answers Gen. Topology26 (2008), 13–27, Question 51].
Benefits of whole ginger extract in prostate cancer
Authors: Karna Prasanthi , Chagani Sharmeen , Gundala Sushma R. , Rida Padmashree C. G. , Asif Ghazia , Sharma Vibhuti , Gupta Meenakshi V. , Aneja Ritu 
Published: August 2011

It is appreciated far and wide that increased and regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is linked with noteworthy anticancer benefits. Extensively consumed as a spice in foods and beverages worldwide, ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an excellent source of several bioactive phenolics, including non-volatile pungent compounds such as gingerols, paradols, shogaols and gingerones. Ginger has been known to display anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, indicating its promising role as a chemopreventive agent. Here, we show that whole ginger extract (GE) exerts significant growth-inhibitory and death-inductory effects in a spectrum of prostate cancer cells. Comprehensive studies have confirmed that GE perturbed cell-cycle progression, impaired reproductive capacity, modulated cell-cycle and apoptosis regulatory molecules and induced a caspase-driven, mitochondrially mediated apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Remarkably, daily oral feeding of 100 mg/kg body weight of GE inhibited growth and progression of PC-3 xenografts by approximately 56 % in nude mice, as shown by measurements of tumour volume. Tumour tissue from GE-treated mice showed reduced proliferation index and widespread apoptosis compared with controls, as determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical methods. Most importantly, GE did not exert any detectable toxicity in normal, rapidly dividing tissues such as gut and bone marrow. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of whole GE for the management of prostate cancer.
EVALUATION OF VELVETLEAF INTERFERENCE WITH MAIZE HYBRIDS AS INFLUENCED BY RELATIVE TIME OF EMERGENCE
Authors: TRAVLOS ILIAS S. , KANATAS PANAGIOTIS J. , ECONOMOU GARIFALIA , KOTOULAS VASILIS E. , CHACHALIS DIMOSTHENIS , TSIOROS STELIOS 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe presence of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) in crops is increasing in arid and semi-arid environments. Field experiments were conducted in Greece in 2009 and 2010 to determine the influence of velvetleaf emergence time and maize (Zea mays) hybrids with different growth rates on maize yield and velvetleaf growth and fecundity. Velvetleaf was uniformly seeded in order to emerge at the 1, 3, 5 and 7-leaf stage of maize (V1, V3, V5 and V7 growth stages, respectively). Velvetleaf biomass, canopy area and seed production were significantly affected by the date of velvetleaf emergence. Velvetleaf plants emerging just after maize (V1) produced 7–17 times lower seed number, compared with the V5 growth stage. Maximum maize grain yield loss ranged from 26 to 37% for early emerging velvetleaf, and less than 6% yield loss occurred from velvetleaf seedlings emerging at V7 growth stage. Maize hybrids with high initial growth rate seem to be more competitive than the other hybrids. The results of this study are essential in the development of an integrated weed management strategy for maize in semi-arid environments, since they highlight the importance of the careful selection of a competitive maize hybrid and avoidance of early velvetleaf emergence.
English in film songs from India: an overview
Authors: Viswamohan Aysha Iqbal 
Published: August 2011

‘C-a-t, cat. Cat mane billi; r-a-t, rat mane chooha’ went a song from a Hindi film of the fifties (mane = ‘means’, billi = ‘cat’, chooha = ‘rat’). The song, enormously popular with Indian youth of that generation, was scoffed at by the then contemporary purists who found it hard to accept such ‘blatant’ dilution of the Hindi language. This song, like a few more of its times, was merely an exception to the largely acceptable language of songs, then largely a mix of Hindi, Urdu and Persian. English was, thus, used in songs either when it depicted (literally, since songs are acted out as autonomous scenes in Bollywood) a comic actor in a light-hearted situation or a semi-literate character desperate to accommodate to the urban ways of life. A celebrated song from Gopi, a Hindi film of the early seventies, goes a step forward with its novel coinage. The hero is a rustic who tries to impress his fellow villagers by dressing up in city (read English) style and sings:Gentleman gentleman, gentleman/London se aaya mein ban-than ke……Yeh dekh mera suita/Yeh dekh mera boota/Yeh dekh mera comba
Acquisition of generic noun phrases in Chinese: learning about lions without an ‘-s’
Authors: TARDIF TWILA , GELMAN SUSAN A. , FU XIAOLAN , ZHU LIQI 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTEnglish-speaking children understand and produce generic expressions in the preschool years, but there are cross-linguistic differences in how generics are expressed. Three studies examined interpretation of generic noun phrases in three- to seven-year-old child (N=192) and adult speakers (N=163) of Mandarin Chinese. Contrary to suggestions by Bloom (1981), Chinese-speaking adults honor a clear distinction between generics (expressed as bare NPs) and other quantified expressions (‘all’/suo3you3 and ‘some’/you3de). Furthermore, Mandarin-speaking children begin to distinguish generics from ‘all’ or ‘some’ as early as five years, as shown in both confirmation (Study 2) and property-generation (Study 3) tasks. Nonetheless, the developmental trajectory for Chinese appears prolonged relative to English and this seems to reflect difficulty with ‘all’ and ‘some’ rather than difficulty with generics. Altogether these results suggest that generics are primary, and that the consistency of markings affects the rate at which non-generic NPs are distinguished from generics.
Role of environmental poliovirus surveillance in global polio eradication and beyond
Authors: HOVI T. , SHULMAN L. M. , VAN DER AVOORT H. , DESHPANDE J. , ROIVAINEN M. , DE GOURVILLE E. M. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYEnvironmental poliovirus surveillance (ENV) means monitoring of poliovirus (PV) transmission in human populations by examining environmental specimens supposedly contaminated by human faeces. The rationale is based on the fact that PV-infected individuals, whether presenting with disease symptoms or not, shed large amounts of PV in the faeces for several weeks. As the morbidity:infection ratio of PV infection is very low, this fact contributes to the sensitivity of ENV which under optimal conditions can be better than that of the standard acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. The World Health Organization has included ENV in the new Strategic Plan of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative for years 2010–2012 to be increasingly used in PV surveillance, supplementing AFP surveillance. In this paper we review the feasibility of using ENV to monitor wild PV and vaccine-derived PV circulation in human populations, based on global experiences in defined epidemiological situations.
Use of the self-controlled case-series method in vaccine safety studies: review and recommendations for best practice
Authors: WELDESELASSIE Y. G. , WHITAKER H. J. , FARRINGTON C. P. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe self-controlled case-series method was originally developed to investigate potential associations between vaccines and adverse events, and is now commonly used for this purpose. This study reviews applications of the method to vaccine safety investigations in the period 1995–2010. In total, 40 studies were reviewed. The application of the self-controlled case-series method in these studies is critically examined, with particular reference to the definition of observation and risk periods, control of confounders, assumptions and potential biases, methodological and presentation issues, power and sample size, and software. Comparisons with other study designs undertaken in the papers reviewed are also highlighted. Some recommendations are presented, with the emphasis on promoting good practice.