bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMP‐2 tethered hydroxyapatite for bone tissue regeneration: Coating chemistry and osteoblast attachment
Authors: Shiels Stefanie M. , Solomon Kimberly D. , Pilia Marcello , Appleford Mark R. , Ong Joo L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using polyethyleneimine (PEI) and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) tether to bind human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) to hydroxyapatite (HAp) to enhance rhBMP‐2 loading, alter its release properties, and enhance cellular interaction with the material. By using a branched PEI that was derived to express free thiols, rhBMP‐2 was coated onto dense HAp surfaces at ∼43 ng/cm2. Using this novel attachment methodology, it was observed that the PEI‐SH coating did not change the morphology of the HAp surfaces and that the amount of rhBMP‐2 loaded was comparable to a direct adsorption method. In addition, it was also observed that the PEI and PEG tether significantly retained the rhBMP‐2 to the HAp surface, inhibiting the burst release effect. Using human fetal osteoblast cells, the PEI‐ and PEG‐tethered BMP‐2 was also observed to increase cellular attachment by 10‐fold when compared with uncoated HAp and adsorbed rhBMP‐2. It was concluded from this study that PEI and PEG tether significantly reduce the initial burst release effect of rhBMP‐2. It was also concluded that the rhBMP‐2 conjugation to PEI and PEG tether promoted an increase in cellular attachment to the HAp surface. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A:3117–3123, 2012.
Enhancement of chitosan nanoparticle‐facilitated gene transfection by ultrasound both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yang Shu‐Jyuan , Chang Szu‐Min , Tsai Kun‐Che , Tsai Han‐Min , Chen Wen‐Shiang , Shieh Ming‐Jium 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn recent years, inefficiency of transfection and the lack of safe gene vectors have limited the feasibility of gene therapy. Fabrication of a vector that is safe and has high transfection efficiency is crucial for the development of successful gene therapies. Herein, we complexed chitosan to plasmids at various N/P ratios, the molar ratios of the amino groups of chitosan to the phosphate groups of DNA, to create chitosan–DNA nanoparticles (CDNs), and then measured CDNs size, zeta‐potential, efficiency of plasmid complexation, and plasmid integrity from enzyme digestion. We also used flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to examine the effect of an ultrasound (US) regimen on the efficiency of transfection of HeLa cells. The results revealed that the average size, zeta‐potential, and loading efficiency of plasmid DNA in CDNs were 180–200 nm, 26–35 mV, and greater than 80%, respectively. Moreover, the transgene expression could be enhanced efficiently while HeLa cells or tumor tissues were given CDNs and then treated with US. Therefore, the use of chitosan nanoparticles and an US regimen shows great promise as an effective method of gene therapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Construction and characterization of a tissue‐engineered oral mucosa equivalent based on a chitosan‐fish scale collagen composite
Authors: Terada Michiko , Izumi Kenji , Ohnuki Hisashi , Saito Taro , Kato Hiroko , Yamamoto Marie , Kawano Yoshiro , Nozawa‐Inoue Kayoko , Kashiwazaki Haruhiko , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Tanaka Junzo , Maeda Takeyasu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study was designed to (1) assess thein vitrobiocompatibility of a chitosan–collagen composite scaffold (C3) constructed by blending commercial chitosan and tilapia scale collagen with oral mucosa keratinocytes, (2) histologically and immunohistochemically characterize anex vivo‐produced oral mucosa equivalent constructed using the C3 (EVPOME‐C), and (3) compare EVPOME‐C with oral mucosa constructs utilizing AlloDerm® (EVPOME‐A), BioMend® Extend™ (EVPOME‐B), and native oral mucosa. C3 scaffold had a well‐developed fibril network and a sufficiently small porosity to prevent keratinocytes from growing inside the scaffold after cell‐seeding. The EVPOME oral mucosa constructs were fabricated in a chemically defined culture system. After culture at an air‐liquid interface, EVPOME‐C and EVPOME‐B had multilayered epithelium with keratinization, while EVPOME‐A had a more organized stratified epithelium. Ki‐67 and p63 immunolabeled cells in the basal layer of all EVPOMEs suggested a regenerative ability. Compared with native oral mucosa, the keratin 15 and 10/13 expression patterns in all EVPOMEs showed a less‐organized differentiation pattern. In contrast to the β1‐integrin and laminin distribution in EVPOME‐A and native oral mucosa, the subcellular deposition in EVPOME‐C and EVPOME‐B indicated that complete basement membrane formation failed. These findings demonstrated that C3 has a potential application for epithelial tissue engineering and provides a new potential therapeutic device for oral mucosa regenerative medicine. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Religious Distress and Coping With Stressful Life Events: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Harris J. Irene , Erbes Christopher R. , Engdahl Brian E. , Ogden Henry , Olson Raymond H. A. , Winskowski Ann Marie M. , Campion Kelsey , Mataas Saari 
Published: July 2012

Objective(s)Hypothesis: Religious strain would mediate the relationship between stress symptoms at baseline and stress symptoms 1 year later.MethodSeventy‐nine people with a history of stressful life events (55 women, 23 men, one unknown gender, average age 58 years) from community churches reported stressful life events, spiritual adjustment, and posttraumatic stress symptoms at initial assessment and 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsReligious strain mediated the relationship between baseline and follow‐up posttraumatic stress symptoms.ConclusionsBecause religious distress contributed to prediction of stress symptoms over time, it appears that religious distress is related to adjustment to stressful life events.
FasL‐triggered death of Jurkat cells requires caspase 8‐induced, ATP‐dependent cross‐talk between fas and the purinergic receptor P2X7
Authors: Aguirre Adam , Shoji Kenji F. , Sáez Juan C. , Henríquez Mauricio , Quest Andrew FG 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFas ligation via the ligand FasL activates the caspase‐8/caspase‐3‐dependent extrinsic death pathway. In so‐called type II cells, an additional mechanism involving tBid‐mediated caspase‐9 activation is required to efficiently trigger cell death. Other pathways linking FasL–Fas interaction to activation of the intrinsic cell death pathway remain unknown. However, ATP release and subsequent activation of purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) favors cell death in some cells. Here, we evaluated the possibility that ATP release downstream of caspase‐8 via pannexin1 hemichannels (Panx1 HCs) and subsequent activation of P2X7Rs participate in FasL‐stimulated cell death. Indeed, upon FasL stimulation, ATP was released from Jurkat cells in a time‐ and caspase‐8‐dependent manner. Fas and Panx1 HCs colocalized and inhibition of the latter, but not connexin hemichannels, reduced FasL‐induced ATP release. Extracellular apyrase, which hydrolyzes ATP, reduced FasL‐induced death. Also, oxidized‐ATP or Brilliant Blue G, two P2X7R blockers, reduced FasL‐induced caspase‐9 activation and cell death. These results represent the first evidence indicating that the two death receptors, Fas and P2X7R connect functionally via caspase‐8 and Panx1 HC‐mediated ATP release to promote caspase‐9/caspase‐3‐dependent cell death in lymphoid cells. Thus, a hitherto unsuspected route was uncovered connecting the extrinsic to the intrinsic pathway to amplify death signals emanating from the Fas receptor in type II cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 485–493, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential fatty acid profiles of Chlorella kessleri grown with organic materials
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Tao , Qin Song 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Integration of oleaginous microalgae cultivation with wastewater treatment is considered a low‐cost approach for manufacturing algae‐based biodiesel. However, autotrophic microalgae cannot survive in organic wastewater where the effluent is usually turbid and sunlight cannot penetrate into the wastewater. Thus mixotrophic microalgae should be explored. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using mixotrophic Chlorella kessleri to produce fatty acids from organic materials.RESULTS: Results revealed that mixotrophic C. kessleri fatty acids display much greater productions (up to 54.67% of cell dry weight) and more suitable compositions for biodiesel production (moderate carbon chain length mainly with C16 and C18, down to 1.17 ∇/mol of unsaturation degree) than autotrophic ones. A suitable final pH (near neutral) after nitrate‐depletion and a high organic carbon consumption seemed to be the key factors manipulating fatty acids production under whichever organic substrate tested.CONCLUSION: These characteristics increase the acceptability in using mixotrophic C. kessleri as a potential easy‐control candidate in biodiesel production. If fed with available organic effluent of wastewater as the nutrient supply, C. kessleri may have great potential for profitable biodiesel. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatial prediction of monthly wind speeds in complex terrain with adaptive general regression neural networks
Authors: Robert Sylvain , Foresti Loris , Kanevski Mikhail 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the general regression neural networks (GRNN) as a nonlinear regression method for the interpolation of monthly wind speeds in complex Alpine orography. GRNN is trained using data coming from Swiss meteorological networks to learn the statistical relationship between topographic features and wind speed. The terrain convexity, slope and exposure are considered by extracting features from the digital elevation model at different spatial scales using specialised convolution filters. A database of gridded monthly wind speeds is then constructed by applying GRNN in prediction mode during the period 1968–2008. This study demonstrates that using topographic features as inputs in GRNN significantly reduces cross‐validation errors with respect to low‐dimensional models integrating only geographical coordinates and terrain height for the interpolation of wind speed. The spatial predictability of wind speed is found to be lower in summer than in winter due to more complex and weaker wind‐topography relationships. The relevance of these relationships is studied using an adaptive version of the GRNN algorithm which allows to select the useful terrain features by eliminating the noisy ones. This research provides a framework for extending the low‐dimensional interpolation models to high‐dimensional spaces by integrating additional features accounting for the topographic conditions at multiple spatial scales. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Assessing the capability of multi‐scale drought datasets to quantify drought severity and to identify drought impacts: an example in the Ebro Basin
Authors: Morán‐Tejeda Enrique , Ceglar Andrej , Medved‐Cvikl Barbara , Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , López‐Moreno Juan I. , González‐Hidalgo José C. , Revuelto Jesús , Lorenzo‐Lacruz Jorge , Camarero Julio , Pasho Edmond 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAssessing the risk, the severity and the likely evolution of droughts are key tasks for improving preparedness of regions prone to drought conditions, and mitigation of drought consequences. The access to real‐time and high‐quality climatic information is essential for this purpose. Different climatic databases are being developed and made available on real time by climatic research institutions, but their capability for quantifying droughts characteristics including severity, or spatio‐temporal variability, is uncertain given their low spatial resolution. In this study, we assessed the capability of three databases with contrasted spatial resolution for measuring spatial and temporal variability of drought occurrence. The standardized precipitation index, calculated for each database, showed that the low resolution datasets allow an acceptable measurement of the magnitude, intensity and duration of droughts, while failing mostly in detecting the spatial patterns of the specific drought episodes. Moreover, the capability of the datasets for assessing the impacts of droughts on surface hydrology and tree growth was examined. Results confirmed the usefulness of the drought index for assessing drought impacts on water resources and forest ecosystems even when low resolution databases are used. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Kharif foodgrain yield and daily summer monsoon precipitation over India
Authors: Preethi B. , Revadekar J. V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFoodgrain yield over India during kharif (summer) season is directly affected by day to day variations in summer monsoon precipitation (June through September). An increase (decrease) in foodgrain yield is generally associated with an increase (decrease) in rainfall. However, the reduction of rainfall or occurrence of heavy rainfall activity may cause adverse effect on the crop growth. This study is therefore aimed at understanding the impact of all possible values of daily precipitation from lowest to highest rainfall during summer monsoon on kharif foodgrain yield over India for the period 1966‐2003. The study also includes an impact of intense rainfall events (1 and 5 days maximum precipitation) on foodgrain yield. Analysis covers frequency of rainy days based on all fixed thresholds (1 mm and above) at the interval of 1 mm as well as percentile thresholds (1st percentile to 99th percentile) at the interval of 1 percentile. The study reveals that the kharif foodgrain yield increases with increase in all‐India summer monsoon precipitation and rainy days. Strong positive relationship (statistically significant at 1% level) is observed for lower range of threshold values from 1 to 50 mm (1st percentile to 90th percentile), and the magnitudes of correlation decreases with increase in threshold values. The negative impact of the heavy rainfall activity is more pronounced over the heavy rainfall regions of northeast India. It is found that the prolonged occurrence of intense rainfall activity increases their impact on the foodgrain yield. Normal (moderate) range of precipitation indices is seen to be associated with both positive and negative anomalies of foodgrain yield, which point towards the influence of other climatic factors in determining the better yield of kharif foodgrain. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Micro Raman spectroscopy (MRS) and energy dispersive x‐ray microfluorescence (μEDXRF) analysis of pigments in the Iberian cemetery of Tutugi (from the fourth to the third century bc, Galera, Granada, Spain)
Authors: Sánchez Alberto , Tuñón José , Montejo Manuel , Parras David 
Published: July 2012

Recent archaeological research on the Iberian cemetery of Tutugi (from fourth to third century bc), in the administrative term of Galera (Granada, Spain), has granted access to a range of materials revealing major features of Iberian culture. The only information available on pigments in the Iberian culture refers to domestic ceramic and the inside covering of burials. This paper expands on the previous discussion by incorporating pigment studies of the decoration of highly symbolic ceramic vessels, a funerary urn and a glass paste vessel of three burials of the cemetery of Tutugi.Regarding the method, the pigment study relied on the mineralogical and elemental analysis using non‐destructive spectroscopic techniques such as micro Raman spectroscopy (MRS) and Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Microfluorescence (μEDXRF). These studies are used more and more frequently for research on archaeological items for their advantages over other techniques.The results obtained indicate the use of hematite, cinnabar and gypsum in the decoration of ceramic vessels. The pigments used for the urn were made with hematite, gypsum and amorphous carbon. Naples yellow and Egyptian blue were used as pigments in the fragment of glass paste vessel.Overall, joint use of MRS and μEDXRF provides highly valuable data on the processes used for pigment‐making, on the use of certain minerals that are highly symbolic among Iberians, such as cinnabar, and provides new evidence for the preservation of archaeological items retrieved from the burial site. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular pathways in pancreatic carcinogenesis
Authors: Macgregor‐Das Anne M. , Iacobuzio‐Donahue Christine A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a genetic disease. Pancreatic cancers develop from one of three precursor lesions, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), and each arises in association with distinct genetic alterations. These alterations not only provide insight into the fundamental origins of pancreatic cancer but provide ample opportunity for improving early diagnosis and management of cystic precursors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:8–14. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laparoscopic posterior retroperitoneal adrenalectomy
Authors: Taskin Halit Eren , Siperstein Allan , Mercan Selcuk , Berber Eren 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAlmost more than a decade ago laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy was introduced as an alternative to lateral approach. Today both of the techniques have become standard in removal of adrenal tumors and many surgeons showed favorable results in malignant tumors. This review outlines the technical details of the procedure and provides a summary of the literature. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:619–621. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnosing PTSD in early childhood: An empirical assessment of four approaches
Authors: Scheeringa Michael S. , Myers Leann , Putnam Frank W. , Zeanah Charles H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPrior studies have argued that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) criteria were insensitive for diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young children. Four diagnostic criteria sets were examined in 284 3‐ to 6‐year‐old trauma‐exposed children. The DSM‐IV criteria resulted in significantly fewer cases (13%) compared to an alternative algorithm for young children (PTSD‐AA, 45%), the proposed DSM‐5 posttraumatic stress in preschool children (44%), and the DSM‐5 criteria with 2 symptoms that are under consideration by the committee (DSM‐5‐UC, 49%). Using DSM‐IV as the standard, the misclassification rate was 32% for PTSD‐AA, 32% for DSM‐5, and 37% for DSM‐5‐UC. The proposed criteria sets showed high agreement on the presence (100%), but low agreement on the absence (58–64%) of diagnoses. The misclassified cases were highly symptomatic, M = 7 or more symptoms, and functionally impaired, median = 2 domains impaired. The additional symptoms had little impact. Evidence for convergent validation for the proposed diagnoses was shown with elevations on comorbid disorders and Child Behavior Checklist Total scores compared to a control group (n = 46). When stratified by age (3–4 years and 5–6 years), diagnoses were still significantly elevated compared to controls. These findings lend support to a developmental subtype for PTSD.
A toolbox of geometric elements for labyrinth model design and analysis
Authors: Pender Daniel J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To develop a toolbox of defined geometric shapes that can aid in the emulation of the architecture of the labyrinthine membranes.Study Design:Analytical review of geometric shapes that are candidates for inclusion in the toolbox.Methods:The mammalian labyrinth appears to have an overall tubular configuration. The bulges, bends and constrictions manifest by these chambers and conduits may be construed to be variations on an underlying core cylindrical structure. Four geometries that embrace the cylindrical shape are identified, namely the cylinder itself, the ellipsoid, the hyperboloid, and the torus. These can be exploited as model design tools and used to approximate the individual components of the labyrinth.Results:A toolbox of geometric elements is identified for use in modeling the mammalian labyrinth. The toolbox includes cylindrical, ellipsoidal, hyperboloidal, and toroidal elements, their figures and mathematical definitions, as well as derivative characteristics that relate to contour and curvature.Conclusions:This analysis suggests that there is a heuristic value in considering the underlying structure of the mammalian labyrinth to be cylindrical. Four principal geometric shapes that are based on the cylinder have been identified for use in a toolbox of design elements. This toolbox can be used to model any mammalian labyrinth. Laryngoscope, 2012
Nitric oxide mediates TNF‐α–induced apoptosis in the auditory cell line
Authors: Park Hun Yi , Lee Mi Hye , Kang Sung Un , Hwang Hye Sook , Park Keehyun , Choung Yun‐Hoon , Kim Chul‐Ho 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is released in a variety of pathological states in the inner ear. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) can be induced by cytokines and other inflammatory factors, and is generally thought to be associated with inflammation and other pathological processes in the cochlea. The purpose of the present study was to reveal that TNF‐α could induce apoptosis in the auditory cell line and to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in TNF‐α–induced auditory cell death.Study Design:Experimental study.Methods:UB‐OC1 cells and zebrafish were exposed to TNF‐α. Flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, assay of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and electron microscopy were used to show that TNF‐α could induce apoptosis. Western blot was used to measure iNOS expression and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway.Results:Flow cytometric analysis, TUNEL assay, MMP, and electron microscopy all demonstrated that TNF‐α could induce apoptosis in UB‐OC1 cells. TNF‐α significantly increased NO generation and iNOS expression. Pretreatment with iNOS blocker NG‐methyl‐L‐arginine (NMA) attenuated TNF‐α–induced cell death and caspase‐3 activation. Also, TNF‐α treatment increased p‐p38 and p‐ERK, and pretreatment of NMA reduced this increased expression of p‐p38 and p‐ERK.Conclusions:TNF‐α can induce apoptosis in the auditory cell line, and NO production in response to TNF‐α is essential for apoptosis. Laryngoscope, 2012
Synthesis of Triazole‐Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Containing Carbazole Moiety By RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Mori Hideharu , Ishikawa Kazunori , Abiko Yohei , Maki Yuya , Onuma Atsuhiko , Morishima Makoto 
Published: July 2012

AbstractN‐Vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole (NVTri), which is a nonconjugated N‐vinyl monomer having a basic aromatic heterocycle, was polymerized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. With the xanthate‐type chain transfer agent (CTA), reasonable control of the polymerization of NVTri was confirmed by the formation of the relatively low polydispersity products, linear increase in the molecular weight with the conversion, feasibility to control molecular weight, and chain extension experiment. Chain extension from poly(NVTri) to N‐vinyl carbazole (NVC) could be well controlled under suitable conditions and provided novel amphiphilic block copolymers. We investigated assembled structures and basic optoelectronic properties of the block copolymers.