bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Infection: Mortality and End-of-Life Care Associated With Infectious Disease Consultation in an Academic Health System
Authors: Smith Alison G C , Yarrington Michael E , Baker Arthur W , Cox Gary M , Dicks Kristen V , Engemann John J , Kohler Patricia , Mourad Ahmad , Raslan Rasha , Santivasi Wil L , Turner Nicholas A , Wrenn Rebekah H , Zavala Sofia , Stout Jason E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Infectious diseases (ID) physicians are increasingly faced with the challenge of caring for patients with terminal illnesses or incurable infections.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort of all patients with an ID consult within an academic health system from 1 January 2014 through 31 December 2023, including community, general, and transplant ID consult services.

Results
There were 60 820 inpatient ID consults (17 235 community, 29 999 general, and 13 586 transplant) involving 37 848 unique patients. The number of consults increased by 94% and the rate rose from 5.0 to 9.9 consults per 100 inpatients (P &lt; .001). In total, 7.5% of patients receiving an ID consult died during admission and 1006 (2.6%) of patients were discharged to hospice. In-hospital mortality was 5.2% for community ID, 7.8% for general ID, and 10.7% for transplant ID patients (P &lt; .001). Six-month mortality was 9% for all nonobstetric admissions versus 19% for community ID, 20.9% for general ID, and 22.3% for transplant ID. In total 2866 (7.6%) of all patients receiving ID consultation also received palliative care consultation during the same hospitalization. The index ID consult preceded any palliative consult in the majority (69.5%) of cases. A total of 16.3% of patients had a do-not-resuscitate order during the index hospitalization; 12.2% of all patients with a do-not-resuscitate order had this placed on the same day as the ID consult.

Conclusions
Patients receiving ID consultation were increasingly complex and more likely to die soon after consultation. These results provide a framework for ID clinicians to consider their role in end-of-life care.
Selection for transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement and mid-term survival: results of the AUTHEARTVISIT study
Authors: Auer Johann , Krotka Pavla , Reichardt Berthold , Traxler Denise , Wendt Ralph , Mildner Michael , Ankersmit Hendrik Jan , Graf Alexandra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Limited data are available from randomized trials comparing outcomes between transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgery in patients with different risks and with follow-up of at least 4 years or longer. In this large, population-based cohort study, long-term mortality and morbidity were investigated in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis using a surgically implanted bioprosthesis (surgical/biological aortic valve replacement; sB-AVR) or TAVR.

METHODS
Individual data from the Austrian Insurance Funds from 2010 through 2020 were analysed. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, assessed in the overall and propensity score-matched populations. Secondary outcomes included reoperation and cardiovascular events.

RESULTS
From January 2010 through December 2020, a total of 18 882 patients underwent sB-AVR (n = 11 749; 62.2%) or TAVR (n = 7133; 37.8%); median follow-up was 5.8 (95% CI 5.7–5.9) years (maximum 12.3 years). The risk of all-cause mortality was higher with TAVR compared with sB-AVR: hazard ratio 1.552, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.469–1.640, P &lt; 0.001; propensity score-matched hazard ratio 1.510, 1.403–1.625, P &lt; 0.001. Estimated median survival was 8.8 years (95% CI 8.6–9.1) with sB-AVR versus 5 years (4.9–5.2) with TAVR. Estimated 5-year survival probability was 0.664 (0.664–0.686) with sB-AVR versus 0.409 (0.378–0.444) with TAVR overall, and 0.690 (0.674–0.707) and 0.560 (0.540–0.582), respectively, with propensity score matching. Separate subgroup analyses for patients aged 65–75 years and &gt;75 years indicated a significant survival benefit in patients selected for sB-AVR in both groups. Other predictors of mortality were age, sex, previous heart failure, diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

CONCLUSIONS
In this retrospective national population-based study, selection for TAVR was significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality compared with sB-AVR in patients ≥65 years with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis in the &gt;2-year follow-up.
Somatic Factors Predict On-Road Driving Skills in Older Drivers and Drivers with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Flieger Maximilian , Schäbitz Wolf , Schlueter Daniel A , Austerschmidt Kim L , Koenig Jessica , Beblo Thomas , Driessen Martin , Toepper Max 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
On-road driving skills can be impaired in older drivers and drivers with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to different driving-relevant deficits. Among these deficits, somatic factors have received little attention so far.

Methods
In a prospective observational on-road driving study, we examined whether somatic factors can predict on-road driving skills in a mixed sample of healthy older drivers and drivers with MCI (n = 99) and whether the inclusion of age explains additional variance. Somatic factors included the number of prescribed drugs, visual acuity, peripheral visual field integrity, mobility of the cervical spine, and hearing impairment. A hierarchical regression analysis was used to predict on-road driving skills by adding the somatic factors in the first step and age in the second step.

Results
Results revealed that the combination of somatic factors significantly predicted on-road driving skills (R2adjusted = 0.439). The inclusion of age led to a significant increase of explained variance (R2adjusted = 0.466).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that somatic factors can accurately predict on-road driving skills in healthy older drivers and drivers with MCI. In addition, our results suggest that there is a significant but rather small effect of age beyond somatic changes.
Effects of using the consistent boundary flux method on dynamic topography estimates
Authors: Williams Karen , Stamps D Sarah , Austermann Jaqueline , King Scott , Njinju Emmanuel 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
Dynamic topography is defined as the deflection of Earth's surface due to the convecting mantle. ASPECT (Advanced Solver for Planetary Evolution, Convection, and Tectonics) is a continually evolving, finite element code that uses modern numerical methods to investigate problems in mantle convection. With ASPECT version 2.0.0 a consistent boundary flux (CBF) algorithm, used to calculate radial stresses at the model boundaries, was implemented into the released version of ASPECT. It has been shown that the CBF algorithm improves the accuracy of dynamic topography calculations by approximately one order of magnitude. We aim to evaluate the influence of the CBF algorithm and explore the geophysical implications of these improved estimates of dynamic topography changes along the East Coast of the United States. We constrain our initial temperature conditions using the tomography models SAVANI, S40RTS and TX2008, and combine them with a corresponding radial viscosity profile (2 for TX2008) and two different boundary conditions for a total of eight experiments. We perform simulations with and without the CBF method, which takes place during post-processing and does not affect the velocity solution. Our dynamic topography calculations are spatially consistent in both approaches, but generally indicate an increase in magnitude using the CBF method (on average ∼15 and ∼76 per cent absolute change in present-day instantaneous and rate of change of dynamic topography, respectively). This enhanced accuracy in dynamic topography calculations can be used to better evaluate the effects of mantle convection on surface processes including vertical land motions, sea level changes, and sedimentation and erosion. We explore results along the US East Coast, where a Pliocene shoreline has been deformed by dynamic topography change. An increased accuracy in estimates of dynamic topography can improve Pleistocene and Pliocene sea level reconstructions, which allow for a better understanding of past sea level changes and ice sheet stability.
Onset of thermal convection in a solid spherical shell with melting at either or both boundaries
Authors: Morison Adrien , Labrosse Stéphane , Deguen Renaud , Alboussière Thierry 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
Thermal convection in planetary solid (rocky or icy) mantles sometimes occurs adjacent to liquid layers with a phase equilibrium at the boundary. The possibility of a solid–liquid phase change at the boundary has been shown to greatly help convection in the solid layer in spheres and plane layers and a similar study is performed here for a spherical shell with a radius-independent central gravity subject to a destabilizing temperature difference. The solid–liquid phase change is considered as a mechanical boundary condition and applies at either or both horizontal boundaries. The boundary condition is controlled by a phase change number, Φ, that compares the timescale for latent heat exchange in the liquid side to that necessary to build a topography at the boundary. We introduce a numerical tool, available at https://github.com/amorison/stablinrb, to carry out the linear stability analysis of the studied setup as well as other similar situations (Cartesian geometry, arbitrary temperature and viscosity depth-dependent profiles). Decreasing Φ makes the phase change more efficient, which reduces the importance of viscous resistance associated to the boundary and makes the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection smaller and the wavelength of the critical mode larger, for all values of the radii ratio, γ. In particular, for a phase change boundary condition at the top or at both boundaries, the mode with a spherical harmonics degree of 1 is always favoured for Φ ≲ 10−1. Such a mode is also favoured for a phase change at the bottom boundary for small (γ ≲ 0.45) or large (γ ≳ 0.75) radii ratio. Such dynamics could help explaining the hemispherical dichotomy observed in the structure of many planetary objects.
A logging evaluation method for shale and calcium-bearing reservoirs based on the effective medium HB resistivity model—a case study on the Sartu Formation and Putaohua Formation West of the Daqing Placanticline
Authors: Zhang Pengji , Liang Yu , Huang Buzhou , Xiao Li , Gou Fuyan , An Yangming , Guo Yibing , Han Ruiyi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To solve the problems of low logging interpretation accuracy and fluid identification in shale and calcium-bearing formations in the study area, this paper uses the effective medium theory and electric double layer theory, combined with artificial core technology, to carry out the first quantitative study of the influence of calcareous on rock resistivity, and establishes a conductive model for the evaluation of the oil and gas properties of shale and calcium-bearing formations. First, considering the salt exclusion effect of clay pore water and its dispersion distribution, an improved Berg model was established. Compared with the original Berg model, the improved Berg model achieved a higher interpretation accuracy. Second, artificial cores with different calcium and clay content were designed and prepared using artificial core technology. A quantitative formula describing the relationship between the cementation exponent m and the calcium and clay content was established and combined with the improved Berg model to build an effective medium HB resistivity model suitable for shale and calcium-bearing formations. Finally, the hierarchical decomposition crossplot approach was used to identify the calcareous cemented rock layers, then the reservoir parameters were calculated. The new model is applied to the quantitative evaluation of reservoir logging, and the comparison with the oil test results indicates that the new model established in this paper can be applied to the quantitative evaluation of reservoir logging in this area, and the corresponding evaluation techniques provided a good reference for logging interpretation and evaluation in other corresponding areas.
(177) LOW INTENSITY SHOCKWAVE TREATMENT OF THE ERECT PENIS: ASSESSMENT BY PRE- AND POST-GRAYSCALE AND COLOR DOPPLER ULTRASOUND
Authors: Goldstein Dr Irwin , Goldstein Sue W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We assessed changes in penile Grayscale/color Doppler ultrasound (G/DUS) parameters in men with ED after LiSWT treatments.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of penile G/DUS pre and post LiSWT (Urogold 100 MTS) was performed. B-mode ultrasounds performed at specific settings include 12 axial images at the proximal, midshaft and distal dorsal penis at a fixed dynamic range of 70 dB with B-mode gain values of increased brightness (45%, 55%, 65%). The fourth image at each location was taken at a dynamic range of 49 dB and B-mode gain value identified as providing best discrimination between Grayscale black/white. In the erect shaft right/left sagittal planes, cavernosal artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) values were obtained. ED patients then underwent 6 erect penile LiSWT treatments over varying intervals. After pharmacologic erection, 600 shocks (energy flux density 0.13mJ/mm2, 3 Hz, membrane pressure 3), were applied each to dorsal, ventral, right/left lateral penile shaft, and right/left crura. PGI-I was scored at each repeat visit. Approximately 2 months after the last treatment, penile G/DUS was repeated. Baseline and post-treatment G/DUS were de-identified and read by two experts for erectile tissue inhomogeneity on Grayscale with 0/3 no inhomogeneity, 1/3 mild inhomogeneity (&lt;25% of cross-sectional area revealing hypo- or hyper-echoic regions), 2/3 moderate inhomogeneity (25% - 50%), and 3/3 severe inhomogeneity (&gt;50%), respectively. PGI-I scores were compared to ultrasound findings.

Results
79 patients (mean age 44 +/- 21) met inclusion criteria. 53/79 (67%) had improved erectile tissue homogeneity post-LiSWT, 10/79 (13%) were unchanged, 15/79 (19%) worsened. Of patients with improved G/DUS findings, 40/53 (75%) rated PGI-I as improved. 37/53 (70%) had PSV increase and 18/53 (34%) had EDV decrease.

Conclusions
The mechanisms by which erect penile LiSWT improves erectile function, in part, involve enhanced erectile tissue homogeneity, increased PSV and decreased EDV.

Conflicts of Interest
No conflicts of interest.
(335) A NOVEL ULTRASOUND TECHNIQUE CAN PREDICT EFFICACY OF BOTOX INJECTION IN PATIENTS WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Ragab Dr Mohamed W , Ramzy Dr David , Zidane Prof Ashraf , El-bohy Prof AboElMagd , Bendary Dr Ahmed ZED , Shawky Dr Khaled A , El Shorbagy Dr Galal 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to get or keep an erection for sexual activity, affecting 5–20% of men worldwide. Starting from 2016, botulinum neurotoxin was tested for treating ED after a human pilot trial. Shear wave elastosonography (SWE) is one of the ultrasound techniques that can be applied to assess corporal tissue stiffness. We aimed to evaluate the SWE predictability of the outcome of a penile Botox injection.

Methods
Twenty men aged 18–70 with erectile dysfunction and PDE5I non-responders participated in the outpatient clinic of the university hospital. Intracavernosal prostaglandin E1(PGE1) injection. Three elastography measurements for each corpus cavernosum were taken before and after PGE1 injection, and then their average was calculated. 100 IU of OnabotulinumtoxinA diluted in 2 ml of normal saline was injected. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 and 3 (SEP-2 and SEP-3), and Erection Hardness Score (EHS) were measured before and 1 month after Botox injection.

Results
There was marked improvement in erectile function measured as the mean IIEF-5 changed from 8.55 to 14.1.61, p &lt; 0.001, with a mean difference of 5.6. SEP-2 changed from 1.75 to 2.56, p = 0.012 with a mean difference of 0.77; SEP-3 changed from 1.60 to 2.39, p = 0.018 with a mean difference of 0.77; and EHS changed from 1.37 to 1.83, p = 0.008 with a mean difference of 0.52. SWE measurements taken after PGE1 injection showed a significant negative association with erectile state outcomes after Botox injection, as measured by IIEF-5(r = -0.429, p = 0.03). In contrast, pre-injection peak systolic velocity measurements showed no significant correlation to outcomes.

Conclusions
shear wave elastography may predict improvement after Botox injection.

Conflicts of Interest
There is no any conflict of interest.
(230) ANOGENITAL DISTANCE IN KLINEFELTER SYNDROME: IS THERE ANY DIFFERENCE COMPARED TO GENERAL POPULATION?
Authors: Bughetti Dr Chiara , Brunetti Dr Alessandro , Maida Giulia , Morenghi Emanuela , Vena Walter , Negri Luciano , Benaglia Renzo , Mazziotti Gherardo , Lania Andrea , Pizzocaro Alessandro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Fall in total testosterone (T) levels in Klinefelter syndrome (KS) may occur at different times of sexual development, although overt hypogonadism generally occurs after puberty. Nevertheless, is still debated whether KS really have a normal mini-puberty and puberty. Anogenital distance (AGD) is an anthropometric measure reflecting early androgenization during the fetal period and first years of life. A shorter AGD in men was associated to infertility, genital anomalies, and testicular cancer. Although other androgen-dependent anthropometric measures such as testicular volume (TV) and stretched penis length (SPL) have been widely investigated in KS, this is to our knowledge the first study examining AGD in this population.

Methods
We measured AGD, TV, SPL in 53 patients with KS and in 101 Caucasian men with normal total testosterone (T) levels (&gt; 12 nmol/L). AGD was measured using a digital caliper; we used an orchidometer for TV and a common meter for SPL. AGD was then correlated with anthropometric features and hormone levels (T, LH, FSH) in both groups.

Results
Coherently with KS-related hypogonadism, KS group had significantly lower T levels compared to controls (9,4±4,5 nmol/L vs 19,6±5,1 nmol/L), as well as significantly lower TV (2,55±1,08 ml vs 15,4±4,7 ml). Conversely, AGD was similar between KS and controls (p=0,954), with mean values of 6,86±1,59 cm [95%CI 6,42-7,29] and 6,87±1,44 cm [95%CI 6,59-7,16], respectively. In both groups, AGD did not significantly correlate with TV, SPL, arm span or T levels. Interestingly, AGD significantly correlated with waist circumference [p= 0,004], body mass index [P&lt;0,001] in KS, while this correlation was not relevant in the control group.

Conclusions
AGD is notdecreased in KS notwithstanding low testosterone levels. This finding suggests that KS subjects might be exposed to normal androgenization during mini-puberty and puberty.

Conflicts of Interest
Authors declare no conflicts of interest.
(400) COMPARING WESTERN AND TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE FOR MALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION: CAN KLOTHO REPRESENT A (SCIENTIFIC) SILK ROAD?
Authors: Wang Prof Fu , Colonnello Dr Elena , Zhang Hui , Sansone Andrea , Wang Dr Chunlin , Guo Prof Jun , Jannini Prof Emmanuele A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
In recent years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has shown promising efficacy in treating male sexual dysfunction (MSD). In TCM theory, the kidney has a primary role, being closely related to the metabolism and the endocrine, nervous, reproductive systems, and, not ultimately, to the sexual function, as the “Kidney storing essence (jīng) and governing reproduction” theory explains. According to this theory, the treatment of MSD consists mainly in restoring the kidney’s function, to recover from many diseases, including erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Given the pivotal role of the kidney in TCM-related diagnosis and treatment of MSD, we aimed to identify a possible link between Western Medicine and TCM in this field as represented by the recently discovered protein klotho.

Methods
Although TCM treatment of MSD has been found effective, according to patient’s reported outcomes, the mechanism of action of these improvements in sexual function remains unclear. Hence, we performed a literature analysis to uncover the mechanisms that may explain a link between klotho, kidney function as intended in TCM, and sexual function.

Results
During the past twelve years, increasing evidence from clinical and basic studies has indicated that Klotho, which is mainly expressed in the kidney, is significantly correlated with the development and progression of chronic kidney disease and its complications, but also in other non-communicable diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and even cancer. Increasing evidence indicates that it is also closely related to MSD. Interestingly, in TCM, signs of decreasing kidney essence show a consistent similarity to Klotho deficiencies, also regarding sexual function.

Conclusions
Although numerous studies have evaluated the TCM efficacy in treating MSD, modern biological indicators of improvement of sexual function are lacking. Literature evidence suggests that Klotho may fill this gap, as a kind of scientific Silk Road connecting Western and Oriental perspectives.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors did not report any conflict of interest.
(297) TOLERABILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF THE PENILE VACUUM IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE PENILE EXTENDER IN THE POST-TREATMENT EXERCISE PROTOCOL WITH COLLAGENASE
Authors: Mondaini Prof Nicola , Brosio Claudio , Camera Pier Andrea Della , Leonardi Rosario , Abramo Andrea , Bisatti Pela , Crocerossa Fabio , Cantiello Prof Fancesco , Damiano Prof Rocco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the tolerability and effectiveness of the use of 2 devices, the vacuum and the penile extender after treatment with collagenase clostridium histolitycum CCH.

Methods
Patients included in the treatment with CCH according to a protocol of 3 applications were instructed to use 2 devices: Vacuum device @Medis: to be used for 15 minutes a day 7 days after treatment with CCH; Penile Extender @Medis: to be used 60 minutes a day, not during the night, starting from 48 hours after treatment. The results were evaluated 30 days after the end of the protocol by finding improvement in the curvature in degrees, usefulness of the devices measured with a questionnaire reporting the results. VAS scale to quantify discomfort in use.

Results
One hundred patients with an average age of 55 years (range 27-64) were included in the study. 69% experienced a reduction in curvature of an average of 21 degrees (range 10-35); 10% were satisfied even in the absence of curvature improvement, 21 % dissatisfied with treatment. 98 used the vacuum every day for an average of 13.2 minutes (range 5-30) resulting in 32% being very satisfied, 24% satisfied, 21% not very satisfied and 23% not satisfied. 2 patients stopped using it due to incapacity ' and fall into the not satisfied category. The VAS was on average 2 (range 0-6). 93 used the extender for an average of 80 minutes a day (range 30-120 minutes). They were very satisfied in 30 %, satisfied 28%, not very satisfied 15% and not satisfied in 27%. 7 patients stopped using it. The VAS was on average 4.2 (range 0-8).

Conclusions
The use of devices to support collagenase therapy is useful for 57% of patients with minimal discomfort.

Conflicts of Interest
Medis provided the material for the study.