bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data analysis plan of the OECD PaRIS survey: leveraging a multi-level approach to analyse data collected from people living with chronic conditions and their primary care practices in 20 countries
Authors: Groenewegen Peter , Spreeuwenberg Peter , Timans Rob , Groene Oliver , Suñol Rosa , Valderas Jose Maria , Rijken Mieke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
In view of the increasing number of people with (multiple) chronic conditions, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) initiated the International Survey of People Living with Chronic Conditions (PaRIS survey), which aims to provide insight in patient-reported outcomes and experiences of chronic care provided by primary care practices to support policy development. The objective of this research note is to describe the structure of the data, collected in the PaRIS survey and how the data will be analysed in a multilevel approach for cross-country comparison.

Analysis plan
The data structure of the PaRIS survey represents three levels: countries/health systems, primary care practices and patients. Multilevel analysis is used because of its accuracy in estimating country-level outcomes, its flexibility in modelling relationships, and its opportunities in connecting to relevant policy questions. Country-level outcomes will be estimated to facilitate cross-country comparison and (future) within-country comparison over time. Characteristics of patients that potentially explain variation in patient-reported outcomes and experiences can be linked to primary care practice and country/health system characteristics. This makes it possible to address policy-relevant questions relating, e.g., to the impact of chronic care management on patients with a specific chronic condition.
Microbial reduction of prebagged human plasma using 405 nm light and its effects on coagulation factors
Authors: Stewart Caitlin F. , McGoldrick Preston , Anderson John G. , MacGregor Scott J. , Atreya Chintamani D. , Maclean Michelle 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBacterial contamination is the most prevalent infectious complication of blood transfusion in the developed world. To mitigate this, several ultraviolet light-based pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs), some of which require photo-chemicals, have been developed to minimize infection transmission. Relative to UV light, visible 405-nm light is safer and has shown potential to be developed as a PRT for the in situ treatment of ex vivo human plasma and platelet concentrates, without the need for photo-chemicals. This study investigates the effect of 405-nm light on human plasma, with focus on the compatibility of antimicrobial light doses with essential plasma clotting factors. To determine an effective antimicrobial dose that is compatible with plasma, prebagged human plasma (up to 300 mL) was seeded with common microbial contaminants and treated with increasing doses of 405-nm light (16 mW cm−2; ≤ 403 J cm−2). Post-exposure plasma protein integrity was investigated using an AOPP assay, in vitro coagulation tests, and ELISA-based measurement of fibrinogen and Protein S. Microbial contamination in 300 mL prebagged human plasma was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) after exposure to ≤ 288 J cm−2, with microbial loads reduced by > 96.2%. This dose did not significantly affect the plasma protein quality parameters tested (P > 0.05). Increased doses (≥ 345 J cm−2) resulted in a 4.3% increase in clot times with no statistically significant change in protein activity or levels. Overall, this study has demonstrated that the effective microbicidal 405 light dose shows little to no negative effect on plasma quality.
Investigating the price volatility spillover effects in the poultry industry inputs market and the egg market in Iran: using the multivariate DCC-GARCH model
Authors: Javadi Akram , Ghahremanzadeh Mohammad , Soumeh Elham Assadi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
This paper investigates the effects of price volatility spillover in the poultry industry’s input markets, including soybean meal, day-old chicks and corn, and the foreign exchange market as an independent market, on the wholesale egg market in Iran. The experimental investigation is based on dynamic conditional correlation (GARCH-DCC). It is one of the most powerful and accepted methods for studying market volatility, whose representation is based on conditional variance. On the other hand, eggs are one of the main food items in the food basket of Iranian households, playing an important role in ensuring part of the food security of the country. However, the price volatilities of its inputs, which make up more than 70% of egg production costs, cause the instability of its price and the confusion of the producers of this sector. This is although in the relevant literature, there is little research on the issue of volatility spillover effects on agricultural product markets, especially in the country.

Results
The findings show that any shock in the input market leads to volatility and instability in the market; on the other hand, these volatilities maintain their stability. In addition, there is a spillover of exchange market volatility into corn and soybean meal input markets.

Conclusions
In that context, this article emphasizes the knowledge of market relationships and their consequences, thereby suggesting appropriate policies to control and support the domestic poultry industry.
Analysis of the effect of CYP2C19 gene properties on the anti-platelet aggregation of clopidogrel after carotid artery stenting under network pharmacology
Authors: Li Pengfei , Cao Mengying , Liu Ling , Chen Long , Liang Shuang , Wang Youbin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAntiplatelet therapy is an important factor influencing the postterm patency rate of carotid artery stenting (CAS). Clopidogrel is a platelet aggregation inhibitor mediated by the adenosine diphosphate receptor and is affected by CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms in vivo. When the CYP2C19 gene has a nonfunctional mutation, the activity of the encoded enzyme will be weakened or lost, which directly affects the metabolism of clopidogrel and ultimately weakens its antiplatelet aggregation ability. Therefore, based on network pharmacology, analyzing the influence of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms on the antiplatelet therapeutic effect of clopidogrel after CAS is highly important for the formulation of individualized clinical drug regimens. The effect of the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on the antiplatelet aggregation of clopidogrel after CAS was analyzed based on network pharmacology. A total of 100 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease who were confirmed by the neurology department and required CAS treatment were studied. CYP2C19 genotyping was performed on all patients via a gene chip. All patients were classified into the wild-type (WT) group (*1/*1), heterozygous mutation (HTM) group (CYP2C19*1/*2, CYP2C19*1/*3), and homozygous mutation (HMM) group (CYP2C19*2/*2, CYP2C19*2/*3, and CYP2C19*3/*3). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to detect the blood concentration of clopidogrel and the plasma clopidogrel clearance (CL) rate in different groups of patients before and after clopidogrel treatment. The platelet aggregation rate of patients with different genotypes was measured by turbidimetry. The incidences of clopidogrel resistance (CR) and stent thrombosis in different groups after three months of treatment were analyzed. The results showed that among the different CYP2C19 genotypes, patients from the HTM group accounted for the most patients, while patients from the HTM group accounted for the least patients. Similarly, the clopidogrel CL of patients in the HMM group was lower than that of patients in the WT group and HTM group (P < 0.01). The platelet inhibition rate of patients in the HMM group was evidently inferior to that of patients in the WT group and HTM group (P < 0.01). The incidence of CR and stent thrombosis in the WT group was notably lower than that in the HTM and HMM groups (P < 0.01). These results indicate that the CYP2C19 gene can affect CR occurrence and stent thrombosis after CAS by influencing clopidogrel metabolism and platelet count.
A case of pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma with chronic limb-threatening ischemia
Authors: Tamaru Yuya , Kikuchi Shinsuke , Uramoto Takayuki , Takahashi Kazuki , Kamada Keisuke , Yoshida Yuri , Uchida Daiki , Nishio Takuya , Yamao Takeshi , Ishitoya Shunta , Kishibe Mari , Inaba Masashi , Hayashi Toshihiko , Ishida-Yamamoto Akemi , Azuma Nobuyoshi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma (PKS) is a rare vascular proliferative disease, caused by arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and chronic venous insufficiency. The lesions are characterized by purple or reddish-brownish papules, plaques, and nodules. Although benign, it is clinically similar to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a malignant disease, and must be differentiated by histopathological examination. We report a rare case of PKS with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).

Case presentation
An 83-year-old man with diabetes mellitus (DM) presented to a local dermatology department with a complaint of a right second toe ulcer and was, thereby, referred to our department due to arterial bleeding during skin biopsy to exclude malignant diseases. Although the pulsation of dorsalis pedis artery of the affected limb was palpable, the skin perfusion pressure was only 20 and 30 mmHg on the dorsum and planter surface, respectively, indicating severe ischemia of toe and forefoot. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed an AVM around the right second metatarsophalangeal joint and occlusion of the right dorsalis pedis artery in the middle, indicating CLTI in the background. Pathological findings of the skin biopsy found capillary blood vessel proliferation, hemosiderin deposition, and extravascular red blood cell leakage in the dermal layer, which could be found in KS. However, CD34 was normally stained in the vascular endothelium, and human herpesvirus-8 staining was negative, resulting in the pathological diagnosis of PKS, a proliferative vascular lesion associated with AVM. The ulcer was spontaneously epithelialized, but 2 years later the ulcer recurred and infection developed, necessitating treatment for abnormal blood flow. Transarterial embolization using N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate for the AVM controlled abnormal perfusion once; however, the procedure exacerbated perfusion of the toe, resulting in foot ulcer progression. Forefoot amputation with surgical excision of AVM was performed, and thereby, wound healing was achieved.

Conclusion
This is a rare case of PKS with CLTI complicated with AVM. As there is currently no established consensus on the treatment of PKS, the approach to treatment strategy should be tailored to the specific condition of each patient.
Contribution of wastewater irrigated vegetables to the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection among female farmers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Gurmassa Bethlhem Kinfu , Gari Sirak Robele , Solomon Ephrem Tefera , Goodson Michaela L. , Walsh Claire L. , Dessie Bitew K. , Alemu Bezatu Mengistie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Untreated or inadequately treated wastewater carrying human feces can host helminth eggs and larvae, contaminating the soil and plants that are irrigated with it. In Addis Ababa, farmers use untreated wastewater to grow vegetables; however, there are little data currently available published on vegetables' contribution to the prevalence of helminth among female farmers along the Akaki River, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa City in February 2022. A stratified random sampling method was used to sample farming households. The sample size for each district was determined by a proportional allocation to the total number of households in the area. Two hundred and fifty-two composite vegetable samples and 101 farmers’ stool samples were collected and analyzed for helminth prevalence. Data on socio-demographics were collected by trained data collators using a structured questionnaire. Kato-Katz concentration was used to detect STH from a stool sample. Stata version 14.0 was used to process the data. Poisson regression was used to identify the association between STH prevalence in the vegetable and the farm's stool.

Results
Helminths were found in 67.5% of vegetables sampled and 20.8% of female farmers' stools. Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (vegetable 48.4% and stool 9.9%) were identified in all analyzed samples. Hookworm eggs (vegetable 13.1% and stool 8.9%) and Trichuris trichiura eggs (vegetable 5.9% and stool 2%) were also isolated. The total number of helminth eggs present in wastewater-irrigated vegetables and female farmers’ stool had a positive association (p < 0.05) with a regression coefficient of 1.92 (95% CI = 1.56–2.28).

Conclusions
The study found a significant prevalence of helminth infections, particularly Ascaris lumbricoides, in stool and vegetable samples irrigated with wastewater. A clear association was found between vegetable production and a higher prevalence of helminth infections among female farmers. Therefore, it is important to ensure that farmers are educated in the importance of food washing and sanitation/hygiene practices when using wastewater irrigation for vegetable crops.

Graphical Abstract
CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis protects retinal ganglion cells by inhibiting microglia activation in a distal optic nerve trauma model
Authors: Yu Huan , Shen Bingqiao , Han Ruiqi , Zhang Yang , Xu Shushu , Zhang Yumeng , Guo Yanzhi , Huang Ping , Huang Shouyue , Zhong Yisheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The chemokine CX3CL1 has been reported to play an important role in optic nerve protection, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. CX3CR1, the only receptor of CX3CL1, is specifically expressed on retinal microglia, whose activation plays a role in the pathological process of optic nerve injury. This study aimed to evaluate whether CX3CL1 exerts optic neuroprotection by affecting the activation of microglia by combining with CX3CR1.

Methods
A mouse model of distal optic nerve trauma (ONT) was used to evaluate the effects of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis on the activation of microglia and survival or axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The activation of microglia, loss of RGCs, and damage to visual function were detected weekly till 4 weeks after modeling. CX3CL1 was injected intravitreally immediately or delayed after injury and the status of microglia and RGCs were examined.

Results
Increases in microglia activation and optic nerve damage were accompanied by a reduced production of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis after the distal ONT modeling. Both immediate and delayed intravitreal injection of CX3CL1 inhibited microglia activation, promoted survival of RGCs, and improved axonal regenerative capacity. Injection with CX3CL1 was no longer effective after 48 h post ONT. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis promotes survival and axonal regeneration, as indicated by GAP43 protein and gene expression, of RGCs by inhibiting the microglial activation after ONT.

Conclusions
The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis could promote survival and axonal regeneration of RGCs by inhibiting the microglial activation after optic nerve injury. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis may become a potential target for the treatment of optic nerve injury. Forty-eight hours is the longest time window for effective treatment after injury. The study is expected to provide new ideas for the development of targeted drugs for the repair of optic nerve.
Non-cancer febrile neutropenia in children: pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and outcomes
Authors: Radwan Radwa Abdel-Raheem , Youssry Ilham , Afifi Rasha Abdelraouf Abdelzaiz , Banna Afaf Mohamed Samy El , Balah Mariam Mahmoud Mohammed , Mohammed Eman Abdel El Raouf 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Febrile neutropenia is a medical emergency and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, it is defined as a temperature > 38.3 °C (101 °F), or a sustained temperature > 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) for more than 1 h in a neutropenic patient. Neutropenia is defined as a decrease in the absolute number of neutrophils in the blood < 1500 cells/ mm3 in children.

Aim of the study
To identify the specific pathogens causing infections, determine antimicrobial susceptibility, and identify factors associated with morbidity and mortality in febrile neutropenic children.

Methods
A prospective cohort study, 38 non-cancerous pediatric patients admitted with 61 febrile episodes, was conducted. Sepsis screen, pan-cultures, and tests to identify the causative pathogens and antimicrobial sensitivity were collected.

Results
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) infection accounted for 38.4% of all positive cultures, while Klebsiella infection represented 23%. SARS-CoV2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus infection accounted for 23% of febrile episodes that lead to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) sickness; however, it did not significantly impact patients’ outcomes. Unfavorable outcomes were associated with higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, positive blood cultures, and gram-negative organisms (p =  < 0.001, 0.013, 0.038 respectively). Prolonged duration of fever and elevated CRP levels were significant predictors of poor outcomes in febrile neutropenia, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and 100% and specificity of 70.6% and 62.3%, respectively.

Conclusion
Among febrile neutropenic patients, CONS is the most common pathogen, while Klebsiella is the most common gram-negative infection. Gram-positive organisms predominate in bloodstream infections. Prolonged duration of fever and elevated CRP levels can significantly predict poor outcomes.
A survey on the management practices of graves’ disease by Egyptian physicians and a comparison to similar reports from USA, Italy, China, and Brazil
Authors: Elsherbiny Tamer Mohamed , El-Aghoury Aliaa Aly 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Graves’ disease is the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine replete areas. Following universal salt iodization, most Egyptians are considered iodine sufficient. The present study aims to report a survey of real-life practices in the management of graves’ disease among Egyptian physicians and compare them to other similar reports.

Methods
An online survey was sent to members and affiliates of Alexandria thyroid association. Egyptian physicians were surveyed about initial diagnostics workup, management of an index case of uncomplicated graves’ disease not desiring pregnancy. Two modified scenarios were proposed to the index case to survey the impact on treatment preferences. Anonymous responses were collected, analyzed, presented, and compared to other published similar reports.

Results
Sixty-eight participated out of 120 invited physicians (56.67%). Initial workup included TSH receptor antibodies 46/68 (67. 6%), thyroid ultrasound 45/68 (66.2%), and thyroid scintigraphy 25/68 (36.8%). Treatment preferences in the index case were antithyroid drugs (ATD’s) 52/68 (76.5%), radioiodine 12/68 (17.5%), and surgery 4/68 (6%). Compared to other reports, treatment preferences were almost identical to Italian ones, ATD’s (77.1%), radioiodine (16.2%), and surgery (4.5%). If the patient is complicated with graves’ orbitopathy, treatment preferences would change into ATD’s 37/67 (55%), radioiodine 1/67 (2%), radioiodine with corticosteroids 14/67 (21%), and surgery 15/67 (22%). If the patient is desiring pregnancy, treatment preferences would be ATD’s 32/68 (47%), radioiodine 5/68 (7.4%), and surgery 31/68 (45.6%).

Conclusion
A high participation rate was observed. Similar to other reports, medical treatment is the preferred modality of treatment in graves’ disease and surgery is the least utilized modality. Similar treatment preferences to Italians were observed in the index case.
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from a randomized, phase 3 trial of enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab (EV+P) versus platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC).
Authors: Gupta Shilpa , Loriot Yohan , Van Der Heijden Michiel Simon , Bedke Jens , Valderrama Begoña Pérez , Kikuchi Eiji , Flechon Aude , Petrylak Daniel P. , De Santis Maria , Galsky Matt D. , Lee Jae-Lyun , Swami Umang , Sridhar Srikala S. , De Giorgi Ugo , Wright Phoebe , Lu Yi-Tsung , Guan Xuesong , Dillon Ryan , Homet Moreno Blanca , Powles Thomas 
Published: June 2024

4502 Background: EV+P nearly doubled median progression-free survival and overall survival vs PBC in patients (pts) with previously untreated la/mUC in the phase 3 EV-302 trial. PROs are reported here. Methods: In EV-302 (NCT04223856) pts were randomized 1:1 to EV+P or PBC (gemcitabine with cisplatin or carboplatin). PRO assessments included the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), and the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) completed at baseline, weekly for 12 weeks (wks), then every 3 wks through survival follow-up, inclusive of the time post-progression. Time to pain progression (TTPP) and mean change from baseline in worst pain at wk 26 using the BPI-SF were prespecified analyses statistically tested using a gatekeeping strategy. Mean change from baseline through wk 26 and time to confirmed deterioration (TTCD) of EORTC-QLQ-C30 and BPI-SF domains were prespecified descriptive analyses. TTPP and TTCD were assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods. Results: Of 886 pts randomized, 731 (376 received EV+P; 355 PBC) completed baseline PRO questionnaires. Compliance rates differed between arms and remained >70% through wk 29 for EV+P and through only wk 17 for PBC. Median TTPP was 14.2 months (mos) with EV+P and 10.0 mos with PBC (hazard ratio [HR]=0.92; 95% CI=0.72, 1.17; 2-sided p-value=0.48). The least squares (LS) mean reduction in worst pain at wk 26 was numerically greater with EV+P vs PBC (-0.61 vs -0.03, LS mean difference [95% CI]: -0.58 [-1.05, -0.11] [nominal 2-sided p-value=0.015]). Pts with moderate to severe pain at baseline who were treated with EV+P (n=128, 34%) had a meaningful (>2 pt) improvement from baseline in BPI worst pain from wk 3 through 26. In EORTC QLQ-C30 Global Health Status/Quality of Life [GHS/QoL], EV+P demonstrated a transient worsening at wk 3 (-6.3) that returned to baseline from wks 4 through 26, while patients treated with PBC demonstrated deterioration from wk 1 through wk 17 (range -1.2 to -7.1) when scores returned to baseline. TTCD for EORTC QLQ-C30 GHS/QoL was 5.9 mos with EV+P vs 3.2 mos with PBC (HR = 0.98 [95% CI]: 0.79 – 1.2). Conclusions: Pts treated with EV+P have improved survival compared with PBC without detriment to quality of life and functioning, further supporting the value of EV+P for pts with la/mUC. Compliance, especially after progression, was lower than expected (particularly in the PBC arm) and may have impacted the results. Clinical trial information: NCT04223856 .