bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOW TO ADDRESS THE ETHICS OF REPRODUCTIVE TRAVEL TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A COMPARISON OF NATIONAL SELF‐SUFFICIENCY AND REGULATED MARKET APPROACHES
Authors: CROZIER G.K.D. , MARTIN DOMINIQUE 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTOne of the areas of concern raised by cross‐border reproductive travel regards the treatment of women who are solicited to provide their ova or surrogacy services to foreign consumers. This is particularly troublesome in the context of developing countries where endemic poverty and low standards for both medical care and informed consent may place these women at risk of exploitation and harm. We explore two contrasting proposals for policy development regarding the industry, both of which seek to promote ethical outcomes and social justice: While one proposal advocates efforts to minimize cross‐border demand for female reproductive resources through the pursuit of national self‐sufficiency, the other defends cross‐border trade as a means for meeting the needs of vulnerable groups. Despite the conflicting objectives of the proposed strategies, the paper identifies common values and points of agreement between the two, including the importance of regulations to safeguard those providing ova or surrogacy services.
Pericardial Patch Tracheoplasty for the Repair of a Long, Multisegmental Postintubation Tracheal Damage
Authors: Foroulis Christophoros N. , Karapanagiotidis Georgios , Papakonstantinou Christos 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA 64‐year‐old man was admitted with a postintubation, multisegmental tracheal damage comprising of two stenotic lesions, below and above a tracheotomy. The patient underwent resection of the damaged anterolateral tracheal wall through a combined collar‐cuff and median sternotomy incision and tracheoplasty with autologous pericardium around a Silastic T‐tube that was fixed to the cricoid cartilage, healthy distal trachea, and the remaining membranous wall. The postoperative period was complicated with a deep sternal wound infection that was successfully treated with vacuum‐assisted closure for 2 weeks. Removal of the T‐tube 9 months later resulted in a patent and well‐functioning airway. Pericardial patch tracheoplasty and T‐tube stenting of the repair for several months is a good alternative to extended tracheal resection for the treatment of the rare long, postintubation multisegmental tracheal damage. The pericardial patch is highly resistant to infection and allows the formation of a neotrachea.
Interictal psychotic episodes in epilepsy: Duration and associated clinical factors
Authors: Adachi Naoto , Akanuma Nozomi , Ito Masumi , Okazaki Mitsutoshi , Kato Masaaki , Onuma Teiichi 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPurpose:  There have been few reports showing the distribution of the duration of interictal psychosis (IIP) episodes and their association with clinical characteristics. To clarify the nature of IIP, we studied the duration of IIP episodes and their related factors.Methods:  One hundred fifty‐five patients with epilepsy exhibited 320 IIP episodes during our follow‐up period (mean 16.9 years). The duration of all the episodes and the longest episode in each patient during the follow‐up periods were studied. Characteristics of the patients (e.g., epilepsy type, age of onset, and family history of psychosis) and episode‐specific factors (e.g., age of the episode, seizure frequency, administrations of antiepileptic drugs [AEDs] and antipsychotic drugs [APDs]) were analyzed in association with the duration of the episodes.Key Findings:  Mean duration of the 320 IIP episodes was 82.7 weeks and that of the longest IIP episodes was 150.1 weeks. During the follow‐up period, 17 patients (11.0%) showed all episodes remitting within a month and 54 (34.8%) showed all episodes lasting for 6 months or longer. The IIP episodes that occurred at a younger age were often prolonged. Patients with a family history of psychosis or with early onset of psychosis tended to have more prolonged IIP episodes. Among the episodes treated with APDs, early administration of APDs was significantly associated with shorter IIP duration.Significance:  The distribution of the duration of IIP episodes indicated the broad spectrum and heterogeneity of the IIP phenomena. The individual vulnerability to psychosis may be associated with prolonged episodes. Administration of APDs soon after onset of the episodes appeared to be effective in controlling them. These findings support empirical treatment principles for IIP to administer APDs at an early stage of its development.
Receipt of Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults with Comorbid Dementia
Authors: Thorpe Carolyn T. , Thorpe Joshua M. , Kind Amy J. H. , Bartels Christie M. , Everett Christine M. , Smith Maureen A. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesTo examine the extent to which receipt of recommended monitoring of diabetes mellitus (DM) differed for participants with and without comorbid dementia, as well as the effect of other comorbidities on monitoring of DM in individuals with comorbid dementia.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSecondary analysis of 2005/2006 claims and enrollment data for a 5% national random sample of Medicare beneficiaries.ParticipantsTwo hundred eighty‐eight thousand eight hundred five Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries with a diagnosis of DM before 2006, 44,717 (16%) of whom had evidence of comorbid dementia in claims.MeasurementsEstablished algorithms were used to determine whether patients received at least one glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test, one low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) test, and one annual eye examination in 2006 and to construct variables representing comorbidities common in DM, sociodemographic characteristics, and patterns of healthcare utilization.ResultsIn unadjusted and fully adjusted models, the presence of dementia reduced the likelihood of receiving HbA1c tests, LDL‐C tests, and eye examinations, with effects being smallest for HbA1c tests. The effects of other comorbidities on DM monitoring in participants with dementia varied according to the nature of the comorbidity and the specific test.ConclusionDementia reduces the likelihood that individuals with DM will receive recommended annual monitoring for DM. More research is needed to understand reasons for lower monitoring in this subgroup and how this affects functioning, adverse events, and quality of life.
Parent Training in Nonviolent Resistance for Adult Entitled Dependence
Authors: Lebowitz Eli , Dolberger Dan , Nortov Efi , Omer Haim 
Published: March 2012

摘要“成年子女依赖”(AED)主要表现为成年子女对家庭极度依赖,以及从活动能力看机能障碍水平明显过高的一种状况。家庭与有依赖的成年人之间形成了一种越想努力缓解这个问题,这个问题越严重的互动关系。为父母提供的非暴力抵制(NVR)培训是一种干预治疗,这种治疗已显示出对有行为困难子女家长的极大帮助。对家长进行的非暴力抵制培训为他们提供方法,使其从一种无助状态转向无需子女合作即可实现的切实可行的目标。我们的研究对27名成年不独立子女的家长作了报告,这些家长都参与了家长非暴力抵制培训。此外,我们还以两个详实的个案研究举例说明这个问题及其治疗过程。治疗前,不独立的成年子女既无工作也未读书,严重依赖父母(财政上或其它方面),并抗拒父母为改变这种状况作出的种种努力。大多数父母成功地克服了这种无助状况,并减轻了负担。相当大一部分成年子女开始工作或学习或搬去独立居住了。
Parenting as Relationship: A Framework for Assessment and Practice
Authors: Tuttle Amy R. , Knudson‐Martin Carmen , Kim Lana 
Published: March 2012

摘要养育常被框架为导向儿童的一组行为,而不是一种关系。本文帮助治疗师、养育教育者以及学者把养育作为嵌入社会文化的一种关系看待。本文作者把关系倾向类型学(Silverstein, Bass, Tuttle, Knudson‐Martin, & Huenergardt, 2006)应用于父母——子女关系中。该类型学讨论两个方面的问题,即:重心是在子女达到父母期望上还是在相互间的期望上,以及期望父母与子女间的权力是平衡的还是非平衡的。本文讲述了四种关系导向:(1)规则导向,(2)位置导向,(3)独立导向,(4)关系导向。这些关系导向描述了父母与子女间相互关系的性质,并提出解决养育问题的一个框架。本文通过个案说明关系导向框架如何帮助治疗师将更广范围的系统/关系视角纳入以往主要界定为儿童行为问题的框架里去。
Combatant Ship Engineering, A Different Approach
Authors: GALLAGHER CHARLES 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn 1989, Ingalls Shipbuilding contracted to design and construct three Sa'ar V Class corvettes for the Government of Israel. The available funding was considerably less than would have been needed to design and build equivalent ships for the US Navy. As a result, the Israeli Navy (IN) and Ingalls Shipbuilding, working closely together, implemented significant innovative systems engineering and design practices and the ships were delivered within the budget. Some of the key innovative design and engineering methods used during that program are described in this paper.
Parametric Models for Aircraft Engine Removals Resulting from Foreign Object Damage
Authors: MILLAR RICHARD C. , OLWELL DAVID H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn earlier nonparametric statistical study of GE F414 engine removals from operational F/A‐18 aircraft in US Navy service provided insights into the lifetime patterns of engine removals for various causes. Inspection of the estimated hazard function for engine removals for foreign object damage (FOD) suggested that a parametric analysis using Erlang distributions might be fruitful, bolstered by a hypothesized relevance to the maintenance procedures governing engine removals for this cause, and their outcomes. The objective was both a better model to forecast engine removals and to provide insight into the number of FOD incidents it took to drive an engine removal. Gamma and Erlang distributions did better fit the removals data and provide a tool for predicting engine removals, aircraft availability impact, and the resultant maintenance workload. A parametric model using a cascade of Erlang functions was developed to simulate the combined FOD/line maintenance process, which provides insight into the outcomes expected under reasonable simplifying assumptions. This model predicts that the key research issue, the probability that a typical FOD event prompts a removal, cannot be estimated from engine removals data alone. Field data must be collected to gain understanding of the underlying frequency of FOD and the utility of the present inspection criteria.
RETRACTED: Ultrastructural study by backscattered electron imaging and elemental microanalysis of biomaterial‐to‐bone interface and mineral degradation of bovine xenografts in maxillary sinus floor elevation
Authors: Ramírez‐Fernández María Piedad , Calvo‐Guirado José Luis , Delgado‐Ruiz Rafael Arcesio , Maté‐Sánchez del Val José Eduardo , Negri Bruno , Peñarrocha Diago María 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to perform an ultrastructural study of the bone‐to‐biomaterial interface and biomaterial mineral degradation in retrieved bone biopsies following maxillary sinus augmentation using bovine xenografts (Endobon®) in 15 clinical cases.Materials and methodsNine months after sinus lifting, bone cores were harvested from the maxillary sinus. The specimens were processed for observation under a scanning electron microscope with backscattered electron imaging (SEM‐BSE). In addition, chemical analysis and elemental mapping of the mineral composition were generated using a microanalytical system based on energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX).ResultsNo clinical complications occurred during surgery. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that newly formed bone was closely attached to the xenograft. Elemental analysis showed a significantly high Ca/P ratio in the residual biomaterials (3.031 ± 0.104) compared with the interface (2.908 ± 0.115) and new bone (2.889 ± 0.113), which suggests that there may be a gradual diffusion of Ca ions from the biomaterial into the newly forming bone at the interface as part of the biomaterial's resorption process. EDX analysis of the residual bovine biomaterial showed particle categories with different mean Ca/P ratios according to size, pointing to different stages of the resorption process.ConclusionsThe biomaterial proved to be biocompatible and osteoconductive when used as a bone substitute for maxillary sinus elevation. The grafting material used is not a completely resorbable material over the time period covered by this study.
Biologics in oral medicine: oral Crohn’s disease and orofacial granulomatosis
Authors: O’Neill ID , Scully C 
Published: March 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 633–638Antitumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α) therapy has a potential to benefit patients with oral lesions of Crohn’s disease (CD) and patients with orofacial granulomatosis (OFG). The most appropriate use would appear to be in patients with severe or multisystem features, where other available agents have failed or have been associated with adverse effects. TNF‐α antagonists (infliximab in particular) have a role in the management of orofacial CD and OFG, but potential adverse effects of TNF‐α antagonists include acute infusion reactions, infection and increased risk of malignancy. Thus, a full risk–benefit analysis is indicated, with patient selection, use and subsequent monitoring coordinated with gastroenterologists with appropriate training and experience in biological therapies.
Mapping vegetation communities across home ranges of mountain goats in theNorthCascades for conservation and management
Authors: Wells Adam G. , Rachlow Janet L. , Garton Edward O. , Rice Clifford G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractQuestionWhat is the composition of vegetation communities found across mountain goat ranges? Can we useLandSat 5TMto model those vegetation communities across a mountain range to guide conservation and management plans?LocationTheCascadeMountains ofWashington,USA.MethodsWe surveyed vegetation across previously undocumented home ranges of mountain goats, which we determined viaGPStelemetry and tracking. We used non‐hierarchical cluster analysis to identify vegetation communities found therein. We linked the results of the fieldwork to a supervised classification of threeLandSat 5TM(bands 2: 0.52–0.60 μm, 3: 0.63–0.69 and 4: 0.76–0.90 μm) images acquired consecutively on 29July 2005 and to aerial imagery with 1‐m resolution from theNationalAgricultureInventoryProgram (NAIP) to create a map of vegetation communities across theCascadeMountain range. Finally, we evaluated the success of the classification accuracy after transforming categorical land cover into percentage cover classes at a resolution that matches the positional error of theGPStelemetry collars.ResultsField reconnaissance and analysis identified eight vegetation communities across mountain goat home ranges: montane forest, sub‐alpine forest, heather, huckleberry, east‐side shrub, sparse meadow, dense meadow and cryptogram (talus). Analysis of imagery linked the vegetation communities found on mountain goat ranges to specific thematic classes and projected the classification across the entire range. We identified a scale of analysis (ca. 2 ha) that achieved balance between bias and precision resulting in an accuracy of ca. 80% based on comparison with 1‐m digital aerial imagery and survey results.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that common and readily available data can be used to produce reliable maps of percentage cover type in mountainous terrain for specific applications. Our work is the first to describe the type and distribution of vegetation communities occurring within and across mountain goat ranges along the length of theWashingtonCascades.
Adding denture cleanser to microwave disinfection regimen to reduce the irradiation time and the exposure of dentures to high temperatures
Authors: Senna Plinio M. , Sotto‐Maior Bruno S. , Silva Wander J. da , Del Bel Cury Altair A. 
Published: March 2012

Background:  The microwave energy is an efficient disinfection method; however, it can generate high temperatures that can result in distortion of the dentures.objectives:  To evaluate whether the addition of an enzymatic cleanser to microwave disinfection regimen would disinfect dentures with shorter irradiation time.Materials and methods:  Seven resin discs colonized with Candida albicans biofilm were placed on the palatal surface of sterile dentures to be randomly assigned to the following treatments: immersion in distilled water for 3 min with 0 (DW), 1 (DW + M1), 2 (DW + M2), or 3 min (DW + M3) of microwave irradiation; or immersion in denture cleanser for 3 min with 0 (DC), 1 (DC + M1), 2 (DC + M2) or 3 min (DC + M3) of irradiation. After the treatments, the viable cells were counted by a blinded examiner. The temperature was measured immediately after irradiation. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05).Results:  No viable cells were found after DC + M2, DC + M3, and DW + M3 treatments, of which DC + M2 achieved the lowest temperature. No significant difference was found between the effectiveness of DW, DW + M1 and DC treatments (p > 0.05).Conclusion:  Within the limits of this study, the association of a denture cleanser and microwave energy is efficient to disinfect dentures in lower irradiation time and temperature.
One hundred tasks an hour: An observational study of emergency department consultant activities
Authors: Kee Rongsheng , Knott Jonathan C , Dreyfus Suelette , Lederman Reeva , Milton Simon , Joe Keith 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective: To determine work activity patterns undertaken by ED consultants.Methods: A single observer time‐motion study of consultants rostered to clinical shifts: primarily administrative (Duty) or clinical (Resuscitation). Direct observation of 130 h was undertaken using purpose developed time‐stamping software. Primary outcome was task number and time spent in predetermined categories of activity. Comparisons occurred by role delineation, sex, weekday and time of day.Results: For each observed hour consultants performed 101 discrete tasks. A high proportion was spent multitasking; 77 min of overlapping activity in each hour of observation. Consultants spent 42% of each hour on communication, 35% on direct clinical care and 24% on computer use; only 9% was spent on non‐clinical tasks. Consultants spent little time (0.6%) accessing e‐resources. Duty consultants undertook more tasks than Resuscitation consultants, 111 versus 90, and more time was spent on communication (47% vs 35%) and computer use (32% vs 15%) with less on clinical care (29% vs 43%). Female consultants undertook 119 tasks per hour compared with 93 for male consultants; more time was spent on communication (51% vs 38%) and computer use (28% vs 22%). No difference in activity occurred by time of day or weekday.Conclusion: ED consultants have very high hourly task rates dominated by communication and clinical activities and frequently multitask. The activity is relatively constant throughout the week but is influenced by sex and role delineation. Appreciation of activity distribution might allow informed interventions to realign the workload or divert tasks to supporting resources.
A New, Innovative, Lengthening Surgical Procedure for Peyronie’s Disease by Penile Prosthesis Implantation with Double Dorsal-Ventral Patch Graft: The “Sliding Technique”
Authors: Rolle Luigi , Ceruti Carlo , Timpano Massimiliano , Sedigh Omidreza , Destefanis Paolo , Galletto Elisa , Falcone Marco , Fontana Dario 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Peyronie’s disease is the result of the formation of fibrous plaques in the tunica albuginea of the penis; typical presentations of the disease are represented by pain during erection, erectile dysfunction, and penile deformities, such as curvature, narrowing, and penile shortening. The most complex treatment is related to penile shortening.

Aim
To find a safe procedure in penile shortening due to Peyronie’s disease providing a satisfactory lengthening, allowing an early stabilization of the penis, and preventing axial tension on the neurovascular bundles during dilation.

Methods
We describe a new lengthening surgical procedure based on a ventro-dorsal incision of the tunica albuginea, penile prosthesis implantation, and double dorsal-ventral patch grafting with porcine small intestinal submucosa. Three patients, affected by Peyronie’s disease with penile shortening and erectile dysfunction, underwent this procedure with approval of our local ethical committee.
We evaluated the penis lengthening, intraoperative and postoperative complications, patient’s preoperative and postoperative sexual life satisfaction (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF] questionnaire).

Results
The average operative time was 2 hours and 50 minutes. No major intraoperative nor postoperative complications occurred. No significant bleedings were recorded. Patients were discharged after 48–72 hours.
The average increase in length obtained was 3.2 cm. All patients resumed sexual intercourses with satisfaction; no significant loss of sensitivity or any sign of vascular distress of the glans was recorded. The follow-up is 13 months. The average IIEF score is 60.

Conclusions
The lengthening of the penis by a double dorsal-ventral patch graft is an innovative procedure that is based on current techniques of plaque incision and grafting, and that can easily resolve severe shortening of the penis due to Peyronie’s disease. In the cases presented, this procedure resulted easily, effectively, and safely. Nevertheless, the technique proposed in this article shall be validated through prospective studies with larger samples.
A Catalog of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compatibility of Penile Prostheses
Authors: Lowe Gregory , Smith Ryan P. , Costabile Raymond A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction has been successfully treated with penile prosthesis implantation for over 50 years. Ferromagnetic implants or devices may create a potentially hazardous or painful situation during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A modern catalog of the MRI compatibility of penile prostheses is not available.

Aim
Evaluate the safety profile of implanted, penile prostheses during MRI.

Main Outcome Measure
Review available in vitro safety data and reported patient complications experienced during MRI with a penile prosthesis in place.

Methods
A search of PubMed™ for articles documenting a penile prosthesis present during MRI was performed. Radiology texts and product information from manufacturers’ producing a penile prosthesis were reviewed. Direct discussion with product manufacturers was also performed to obtain additional safety and compatibility information.

Results
Nine clinical articles noted the presence of a penile prosthesis at the time of magnetic resonance imaging. No articles documented a complication from MRI of a man with a penile prosthesis. A single patient with an unnamed malleable prosthesis was noted to have twisting of the device during MRI which did not result in discomfort or malfunction of the device. In vitro studies support the safety of most prostheses during MRI.

Conclusion
The available data suggests there is little risk for most patients with a penile prosthesis who undergo MRI. Notable exceptions include Dacomed’s Omniphase and Duraphase device and the MRI-conditional Spectra device manufactured by AMS. Current manufacturers of penile implants provide wallet cards and medical letters to support safety when undergoing an MRI. Prior prosthesis implantation should not preclude patients from having an MRI.