bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State efforts to enforce firearm dispossession through relinquishment laws
Authors: Oliphant Stephen N. , Zeoli April M. 
Published: June 2024

Research SummaryAlthough federal law prohibits firearm possession by individuals who have been convicted of a disqualifying offense and those who are subject to certain domestic violence protective orders (DVPOs), it does not provide a mechanism for enforcing firearm dispossession. Some states have adopted relinquishment laws to enforce firearm possession restrictions among prohibited persons following a disqualifying status or conviction. To date, limited research has assessed the statutory characteristics of firearm relinquishment laws related to DVPOs. We build on this work by assessing DVPO and conviction‐based relinquishment statutes, including legislative changes through time, to identify gaps in policy.Policy ImplicationsOur analysis revealed that many states still lack statutory elements that are expected to increase the likelihood of firearm dispossession, such as requiring the court to order relinquishment, strict standards for providing proof of firearm transfer or some form of compliance verification, and provisions that authorize law enforcement to recover unrelinquished firearms. The absence of such elements may facilitate unlawful firearm retention by those who become prohibited possessors. States might consider adopting relinquishment provisions that outline clear requirements for actors (i.e., judges, prohibited possessors, law enforcement) at each stage of the process to ensure that firearms are relinquished following a disqualifying conviction or DVPO.
Performance measure skewness and the structure of CEO compensation: Theory and evidence
Authors: Chaigneau Pierre , Chang Woo‐Jin , Hillegeist Stephen A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile research has analyzed how the structure of incentive pay relates to the dispersion of the performance measure distribution, as measured by its variance or volatility, we examine how it relates to the asymmetry of the distribution, as measured by its skewness. In contrast to the variance, skewness affects the relative informativeness of high and low performance about the agent's effort, which determines the relative efficiency of providing rewards and punishments for incentive purposes. Therefore, skewness is an important determinant of compensation convexity, which is determined by the relative holdings of stock and options. Consistent with our analytical and numerical results, we find that the skewness of expected earnings is negatively associated with the convexity of CEO compensation. Our results are economically significant, robust to alternative specifications, and do not appear to be driven by reverse causality. In addition, we find that earnings skewness is negatively associated with total CEO compensation and that this association is driven by lower options‐based compensation. These findings are consistent with CEOs preferring positively skewed performance metrics. Overall, we provide theoretical, numerical, and empirical evidence suggesting that skewness is a more important determinant of the convexity and structure of CEO compensation than volatility.
Ireland: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: ARLOW JONATHAN , O'MALLEY EOIN 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIreland had, for a long time, been an outlier in European politics in that, despite having experienced large‐scale immigration in the 2000s, it had not seen a significant expression of anti‐immigrant sentiment, and it was almost absent at a political level. The year 2023 saw a significant rise in the number of people seeking international protection or asylum. The state struggled to cope with the rise in numbers, which saw it take control of hotels and other private premises across the country. Protests grew in some localities, but the political reaction was negligible until in late November, there was a riot in Dublin city centre causing millions of euros worth of damage. There was an expected impact on Irish politics that might change the shape of politics in Ireland.
1091. Acer fangianum Rushforth, nom. & stat. nov.: Sapindaceae
Authors: Rushforth Keith , Rix Martyn , Lambkin Deborah 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe Acer species most closely related to A. cappadocicum in section Platanoidea are reviewed and Acer fangianum Rushforth nom. et stat. nov. is named to replace Acer cappadocicum Gled. var. sinicum Rehder.
Employment, education or training status (NEET) at baseline predicts high‐threshold symptomatic remission in first episode psychosis: A cohort study
Authors: Buckle Jessica , Kavanagh Gail , Connolly Aries , Arora Sophie , Forshall Emily , Murphy Titus , Pereira Marco , Whale Richard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimClinical studies following a first episode of psychosis (FEP) have increasingly exposed the complexity of identifying predictive outcome variables. We aimed to explore the utility of NEET status (not in education, employment or training) at FEP onset in predicting high threshold clinical remission (absence of positive symptoms and off antipsychotic medication for 6 months) at 3 years following treatment with an early intervention for psychosis service.MethodsWe studied an established retrospective naturalistic cohort of 354 patients with FEP (the S1P cohort).ResultsBaseline NEET status was identified in 172 patients (49%) and was significantly associated with mean duration of untreated psychosis (p = .035). Only 64 (21%) achieved defined remission criteria by 3 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed baseline NEET status as the only variable significantly associated with remission status (p < .001).ConclusionNEET may represent an important predictive variable of symptomatic outcomes which requires prospective evaluation.
Letermovir as secondary prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A single center experience
Authors: Desai Nihar , Pasic Ivan , Law Arjun D. , Lam Wilson , Gerbitz Armin , Viswabandya Auro , Kim Dennis D. , Kumar Rajat , Mattsson Jonas , Novitzky‐Basso Igor , Michelis Fotios V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLetermovir, a novel anti‐cytomegalovirus (CMV) agent acts by inhibiting the viral terminase complex and is approved for primary prophylaxis in CMV seropositive patients post allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The favorable efficacy and safety profile make it an attractive option for use as secondary prophylaxis in patients at high‐risk for CMV reactivation. In this study, we report the efficacy and safety of letermovir secondary prophylaxis after at least one treated episode of CMV reactivation in a cohort of 39 high‐risk patients. Thirty two (82%) patients received anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG), 27 (69%) received a combination of ATG and post‐transplant cyclophosphamide for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Twenty one patients (54%) received CMV seronegative grafts. In addition, 18 (46%) patients had HLA mismatched unrelated or haploidentical donors while 18 (46%) had active GVHD requiring immunosuppression at the time of commencing secondary prophylaxis. Letermovir was initiated at a median of 47 days (range, 41–56) after HCT and was administered for a median duration of 77 days (range, 46–90). A single breakthrough CMV reactivation was noted in this high‐risk cohort. Four additional episodes of CMV reactivation occurred at a median of 28 days (range, 23–59 days) after discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis. The drug was well tolerated and 77% of the cohort completed the planned duration of secondary prophylaxis. None of the patients discontinued treatment due to treatment‐related adverse effects. In conclusion, letermovir is effective and well tolerated and may be considered for secondary prophylaxis in patients at high risk for CMV reactivation. Prospective studies are required to validate these findings.
ERTRÄUMTE RÄUME DER FREIHEIT: LUISE MÜHLBACHS PROTAGONISTINNEN ZWISCHEN REALITÄT UND WUNSCHVORSTELLUNG
Authors: Popławska Magdalena 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTOn the basis of selected works by the ‘Vormärz’ writer Luise Mühlbach, this article examines the extent to which the writer's assertions relate to the image she portrays of her protagonists. This question seems all the more interesting because Mühlbach was socially and politically engaged, practised social criticism and pleaded for a change in the situation of women. The upheavals in the social and political spheres of the nineteenth century enabled Mühlbach to include aspects of women's emancipation in her writing. The focus of this article is on her portrayal of female protagonists. In addition, it questions whether Mühlbach's women accept their role in life, or whether they are able to protest against male domination and thus to secure their freedom.
Accuracy and clinical role of digital templating for total knee arthroplasty performed on haemophilic knees
Authors: Vahabi Arman , Er Erdem , Biçer Elcil Kaya , Şahin Fahri , Kavakli Kaan , Aydoğdu Semih 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn total knee arthroplasty (TKA), choosing the correct implant size is important. There is lack of data on accuracy of templating on haemophilic knees. Our aim was to test the accuracy of 2D digital templating for TKA on haemophilic arthropathy (HA) of knee.Materials and MethodsTKAs performed on HA between January 2011 and January 2022 were screened. Osteoarthritis (OA) group was created as control group by a one‐to‐one matching regarding type of implant used. Intra‐ and interobserver correlations were measured in HA, then correlation between templated and implanted sizes was investigated in four assessments (femur AP, femur lateral, tibia AP, tibia lateral), then compared with OA group. Fifty‐eight knees in each group included.ResultsRegarding intraobserver correlation in HA, there was excellent correlation for femur AP [.93 (.73–.98)], femur lateral [.98 (.91–.99)], and tibia AP (1.0) templating. Regarding interobserver correlation in HA, excellent correlation was observed for femur lateral [.93 (.74–.98)] and tibia AP templating [.90 (.65–.97)]. Regarding correlation of templated and applied sizes in HA; tibia AP, tibia lateral and femur lateral templating showed good correlation [.81 (.70–.89), .86 (.77–.91), .79 (.67–.87) while femur AP templating showed moderate correlation [.67 (.50–.79)]. Comparing HA and OA, there was no difference in correlation levels regarding femur AP, femur lateral, tibia AP and tibia lateral templating (p = .056, p = .781, p = .761, p = .083, respectively).ConclusionAlthough 2D digital templating shows comparable correlation in HA and OA, clinical applicability of templating on HA appears to be limited in its current state.
Nursing care of TURP and hyperglycemia integrating symptoms management model
Authors: Subrata Sumarno Adi , Masithoh Robiul Fitri , Şahin Büşra , Kuhnke Janet L. , Aldiabat Khaldoun M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTransurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a surgical procedure often used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. TURP often results in multiple symptoms that worsen a patient's condition, such as hyperglycemia. The relationship between TURP and hyperglycemia is not direct, but it is important to consider the potential impact of hyperglycemia on individuals undergoing TURP. The most critical point in the TURP syndrome is early diagnosis and treatment. Nurses should be aware of the symptoms to prevent further outcomes. To optimise the nursing care, integrating of symptoms management model in TURP care is important as it provides a conceptual foundation for understanding patient care, guides clinical decision‐making, contributes to evidence‐based practice and fosters professional development. Also nurses can deliver high‐quality TURP and hyperglycemia care that meets the diverse needs of patients and contributes to positive health outcomes. However, a study describing the symptoms management of patients living with TURP syndrome and hyperglycemia is limited. Therefore, the article aims to explain the management of hyperglycemia among patients after TURP. The findings of this review are expected to help the nurses notice the symptoms and make accurate interventions along with evaluations.
Later (“evening”) circadian preference is associated with poorer executive, academic, and attentional functioning in adolescents with and without ADHD
Authors: Becker Stephen P. , Brown Aleah , Langberg Joshua M. , Beebe Dean W. 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAdolescents vary considerably in their circadian phase preference; those with greater “eveningness” (also known as “night owls”) have later bedtimes, wake times, and peak arousal compared to those with greater “morningness.” Prior research suggests that (a) greater eveningness is associated with worse academic, executive, and attentional functioning; and (b) adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to be high in eveningness and to have deficits in these school‐related constructs. However, few studies have examined circadian preference alongside two potential confounds—sleep duration and sleep quality—as predictors of daytime functioning, or whether the strength of associations differs across adolescents with and without ADHD.MethodsParticipants were 302 adolescents (Mage = 13.17 years; 44.7% female; 81.8% White); approximately half (52%) had ADHD. A multi‐method, multi‐informant design was used. Specifically, adolescents reported on their circadian preference, school night sleep duration, and sleep quality. Adolescents provided ratings of their academic motivation (intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation) and were administered standardized achievement tests in reading and math. Adolescents and parents completed ratings of daily life executive functioning (behavioral, emotion, and cognitive regulation), and they and teachers also provided ratings of ADHD inattentive symptoms.ResultsAbove and beyond sleep duration, sleep quality, and covariates (sex, family income, pubertal development, medication use), greater eveningness was uniquely associated with poorer academic, executive, and attentional functioning across most measures. Sleep quality was uniquely associated with a handful of outcomes, and sleep duration was not significantly uniquely associated with any outcome in the regression analyses. ADHD status did not moderate effects.ConclusionsThis study provides compelling evidence that poorer academic, executive, and attentional functioning are more closely associated with greater eveningness than with sleep duration or quality in adolescents. Findings suggest that targeting circadian preference may be important to reduce these problems in adolescents, especially in clinical samples such as ADHD for whom academic, executive, and attentional difficulties are exceptionally common.
Impact of hormone replacement therapy on all‐cause and cancer‐specific mortality in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and dose‒response meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Liu Kefeng , He Yazhou , Li Qiong , Sun Shusen , Mei Zubing , Zhao Jie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality and all‐cause mortality remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis to determine the effects of HRT on CRC mortality and all‐cause mortality.MethodsWe searched the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library for all relevant studies published until January 2024 to investigate the effects of HRT exposure on survival rates for patients with CRC. Two reviewers independently extracted individual study data and evaluated the risk of bias between the studies using the Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale. We performed a two‐stage random‐effects dose–response meta‐analysis to examine a possible nonlinear relationship between the year of HRT use and CRC mortality.ResultsTen cohort studies with 480,628 individuals were included. HRT was inversely associated with the risk of CRC mortality (hazard ratios (HR) = 0.77, 95% CI (0.68, 0.87), I2 = 69.5%, p < 0.05). The pooled results of seven cohort studies revealed a significant association between HRT and the risk of all‐cause mortality (HR = 0.71, 95% CI (0.54, 0.92), I2 = 89.6%, p < 0.05). A linear dose–response analysis (p for nonlinearity = 0.34) showed a 3% decrease in the risk of CRC for each additional year of HRT use; this decrease was significant (HR = 0.97, 95% CI (0.94, 0.99), p < 0.05). An additional linear (p for nonlinearity = 0.88) dose–response analysis showed a nonsignificant decrease in the risk of all‐cause mortality for each additional year of HRT use.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the use of HRT is inversely associated with all‐cause and colorectal cancer mortality, thus causing a significant decrease in mortality rates over time. More studies are warranted to confirm this association.
The characteristics, development methods, reporting quality, and evidence basis of diagnostic criteria in China between 1965 and 2023: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhou Qi , He Hongfeng , Li Qinyuan , Estill Janne , Luo Zhengxiu , Yang Kehu , Tang Jinling , Chen Yaolong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveAs a large and populous country, China releases a high number of diagnostic criteria. However, the published diagnostic criteria have not yet been systematically analyzed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics, development methods, reporting quality, and evidence basis of diagnostic criteria published in China.MethodsWe searched five databases for diagnostic criteria from their inception until July 31, 2023. All diagnostic criteria were screened through abstract and full‐text reading, and included if satisfying the prespecified criteria. Two researchers independently extracted data on the characteristics, development methods, reporting quality, and evidence basis of diagnostic criteria.ResultsA total of 143 diagnostic criteria were included. In terms of development methods, the proportions of diagnostic criteria that involved a systematic literature search (n = 2; 1.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4% to 5.0%), adoption of formal consensus methods (n = 4; 2.8%; 95% CI, 1.1% to 7.0%), and criteria validation (n = 9; 6.3%; 95% CI, 3.3% to 11.5%) were relatively low. Regarding reporting quality, the average compliance with the ACCORD checklist was 5.1%; none of the diagnostic criteria reported on registration, expert inclusion criteria, expert recruitment process, or consensus results. A majority (58.7%; 95% CI, 50.6% to 66.5%) of criteria did not cite any research, and only one (0.7%; 95% CI, 0.1% to 3.9%) criterion was derived from a systematic review. Moreover, only 16.1% (95% CI, 11.0% to 23.0%) of diagnostic criteria used evidence from the Chinese population.ConclusionThe diagnostic criteria developed in China exhibit serious flaws, particularly in evidence retrieval, formation of expert panels, consensus methods, and validation. Additionally, only few diagnostic criteria used a systematic synthesis of the evidence or evidence from the China. There is an urgent need to enhance the methodology for developing diagnostic criteria.
Potential kidney protective effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists
Authors: Trevella Philippa , Ekinci Elif I. , MacIsaac Richard J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) have gained increasing attention for their potential benefits in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This class of medication has demonstrated promising results in reducing albuminuria, preserving estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and mitigating cardiovascular (CV) risk, making them potential therapeutic options for individuals with CKD. The kidney protective effects of GLP‐1RAs extend beyond glycaemic control, and are thought to be attributed to their anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and natriuretic properties. Despite these promising findings, the use of GLP‐RAs has yet to be definitively shown to slow progression to chronic kidney failure, or reduce CV and kidney related death in people with T2DM and CKD. The Research Study to See How Semaglutide (a once weekly subcutaneous administered GLP‐1RA) Works Compared to Placebo in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease (FLOW trial) was recently stopped because of efficacy. The primary end point for the FLOW trial consists of a composite endpoint of (i) onset of chronic kidney failure; (ii) death from kidney failure; (iii) cardiovascular death; and (iv) onset of a persistent ≥50% reduction in eGFR from baseline. It has also been reported by the sponsors of the trial that the primary end point of the trial was reduced by 24% with both CKD and CV outcomes contributing to risk reduction. In anticipation of the results of the FLOW trial being published, we review the current evidence surrounding kidney outcomes and proposed kidney protective pathways associated with GLP‐1RA use.
Evaluation of the SpotChecks contrast sensitivity test in healthy adults
Authors: Vu Lien T. , Tran Kelly M. , Niu Yabo , Cheng Han 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeSpotChecks is a new contrast sensitivity (CS) test designed for self‐monitoring of vision. This study assessed the test–retest repeatability of take‐home SpotChecks, in‐office SpotChecks and near Pelli–Robson charts in healthy adults.MethodsOne eye of 61 healthy adults with near visual acuity (VA) of 6/9 or better (age range 22–84, mean 49 [18] years) was tested during two office visits (mean 10 [8] days apart). Each visit included high‐contrast VA, then 12 randomly ordered CS tests (6 different SpotChecks and 6 different Pelli–Robson) under the same lighting (luminance 110 cd/m2), all at near in the same eye with habitual correction. The same eye was self‐tested with take‐home SpotChecks once a day on 6 days between the office visits. SpotChecks was scored by the logCS at the highest line with ≥2 errors. Pelli–Robson was scored by [0.05 × number of letters read correctly − 0.15]. Repeatability of logCS was defined as 1.96 Sw, Sw representing within‐subject standard deviation. Comparison for repeatability was performed with Bootstrap hypothesis test.ResultsSpotChecks and Pelli–Robson showed similar intra‐session or inter‐visit repeatability (p = 0.14–0.81). Inter‐day repeatability for take‐home SpotChecks was 0.18 logCS, the same as that from the first measurements of two office visits with SpotChecks or Pelli–Robson. Inter‐visit repeatability improved to 0.15 by using the average of two repeated measurements for SpotChecks (p = 0.02) or three repeated measurements for Pelli–Robson (p = 0.04). Age showed a small effect on logCS (−0.015/decade, p = 0.02) for both SpotChecks and Pelli–Robson. Mean logCS was 0.05 lower in those ≥50 years (SpotChecks 1.84 [0.10] and Pelli–Robson 1.77 [0.10]) compared with those <50 years of age (SpotChecks 1.89 [0.07] and Pelli–Robson 1.83 [0.07]).ConclusionsSpotChecks showed good repeatability with take‐home and in‐office testing in healthy adults, making it a promising tool for monitoring disease progression at home.
You've got to hide your myopia away: John Lennon's contact lenses
Authors: Vincent Roslyn A. , Vincent Stephen J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractJohn Lennon has an enduring, instantly recognisable, iconic, spectacle look. However, prior to 1966, he was rarely seen wearing glasses in public. From ages 7 to 26, he effectively hid his myopia away, including a period of unsuccessful contact lens wear during Beatlemania. This narrative review examines John's experience with contact lenses from 1963 to 1966 when he wore corneal rigid lenses made from polymethylmethacrylate, which regularly fell out. This frequent lens ejection was most likely due to the interaction between his upper eyelid and a spherical back surface rigid lens fitted to his right eye, which had a moderate degree of with‐the‐rule corneal astigmatism. John's recollection that his contact lenses stayed in place while ‘stoned’ supports this hypothesis, as a cannabis‐induced upper eyelid ptosis would reduce the likelihood of lens ejection.