bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational exposure to electric fields and induced currents associated with 400 kV substation tasks from different service platforms
Authors: Korpinen Leena H. , Elovaara Jarmo A. , Kuisti Harri A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the occupational exposure to electric fields, average current densities, and average total contact currents at 400 kV substation tasks from different service platforms (main transformer inspection, maintenance of operating device of disconnector, maintenance of operating device of circuit breaker). The average values are calculated over measured periods (about 2.5 min). In many work tasks, the maximum electric field strengths exceeded the action values proposed in the EU Directive 2004/40/EC, but the average electric fields (0.2–24.5 kV/m) were at least 40% lower than the maximum values. The average current densities were 0.1–2.3 mA/m2 and the average total contact currents 2.0–143.2 µA, that is, clearly less than the limit values of the EU Directive. The average values of the currents in head and contact currents were 16–68% lower than the maximum values when we compared the average value from all cases in the same substation. In the future it is important to pay attention to the fact that the action and limit values of the EU Directive differ significantly. It is also important to take into account that generally, the workers' exposure to the electric fields, current densities, and total contact currents are obviously lower if we use the average values from a certain measured time period (e.g., 2.5 min) than in the case where exposure is defined with only the help of the maximum values. Bioelectromagnetics 32:79–83, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigations on Azeotropy in Multicomponent Polymerizations
Authors: Kazemi N. , Duever T. A. , Penlidis A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis work aims at presenting a general approach to locate azeotropic points in multicomponent polymerizations. Typically, for azeotropy studies in ternary systems, the literature is dominated by graphical solutions which may only be approximate. The approach consists of obtaining an azeotropic composition through a direct numerical solution of the relevant terpolymerization composition equations. The numerical approach is capable of locating the correct azeotropic composition for any ternary or multicomponent system, if such a point exists, and is illustrated via three case studies. Compared to prior efforts for azeotropic composition calculations in the literature, the presented numerical approach can be considered as general, direct, reliable, and more straightforward.
Fermentative Production of L‐Lysine‐L‐lactate with Fractionated Press Juices from the Green Biorefinery
Authors: Leiß S. , Venus J. , Kamm B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLactic acid (LA) is a platform chemical for a future bio‐based economy. Aminium lactates act as intermediates for the production of lactic acid sequence products like lactide. It could be demonstrated that, after separation of proteins from alfalfa press juice, the supernatant can be used as fermentation media for the production of the aminium lactate, L‐lysine‐L‐lactate.
Thermal and Hydrothermal Hardening of Granules Made of Construction Waste
Authors: Schnell A. , Müller A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBei der Aufbereitung von Bauschutt entsteht technologisch bedingt ein großer Anteil an feinen Partikelfraktionen. Die einzelnen mineralischen Bestandteile können nach dem gegenwärtigen Stand der Technik nur sehr schwer oder gar nicht sortiert werden, während Metalle nahezu vollständig separiert werden können. In einem derzeit laufenden Forschungsprojekt werden daher Möglichkeiten einer stofflichen Verwertung des heterogenen mineralischen Anteils der Bau‐ und Abbruchabfälle durch eine Granulatherstellung untersucht. Die chemische Zusammensetzung der praxisnahen Stoffgemische ermöglicht es, durch Zugabe kleiner Mengen an Zusatzstoffen mittels thermischer oder hydrothermaler Behandlung Festigkeiten zu erzielen, die einen Einsatz beispielsweise als (Leicht‐)Zuschlag für Beton, Schüttung oder Pflanzgranulat ermöglichen. Vor allem im Hinblick auf die Wirtschaftlichkeit sollen möglichst keine zusätzlichen Bindemittel eingesetzt werden und alle verwendeten Zusatzstoffe idealer weise ebenfalls aus Reststoffen bestehen. Der Kurzbeitrag liefert einen Überblick über die ersten Ergebnisse aus dem laufenden Projekt.
Force relaxation and thin filament protein phosphorylation during acute myocardial ischemia
Authors: Han Young Soo , Ogut Ozgur 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIschemia impairs myocardial function and may contribute to the progression of heart failure. In this study, rats subjected to acute ischemia demonstrated reduced Ca2+‐activated force as well as a decrease in myosin‐binding protein‐C, titin, and Ser23/24 phosphorylation of troponin I (TnI). All three proteins have been demonstrated to be downstream targets of β‐adrenergic receptor activation (β‐AR), leading to the hypothesis that decreased β‐AR signaling during ischemia leads to reduced protein phosphorylation and reduced rate constants of force relaxation. To test this hypothesis, force relaxation transients were recorded from permeabilized perfused and ischemic rat heart fibers following photolysis of the caged chelator diazo‐2. Relaxation transients were best fit by double exponential functions whereby the majority (>70%) of the force decline was described by the fast rate constant, which was ∼5 times faster than the slow rate constant. However, rate constants of relaxation between perfused and ischemic fibers were not different, despite significant decreases in sarcomeric protein phosphorylation in ischemic fibers. Treatment of perfused fibers with a cAMP analog increased Ser23/24 phosphorylation of TnI, yet the rate constants of relaxation remained unchanged. Interestingly, similar treatment of ischemic fibers did not impact TnI phosphorylation or force relaxation transients. Therefore, acute ischemia does not influence the rate constants of relaxation of permeabilized fibers. These results also suggest that the physiological level of sarcomeric protein phosphorylation is unlikely to be the primary driver of relaxation kinetics in permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relation between atomic shape and crystal structure illustrated by metallic elements
Authors: Ruhnow M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new look at the relation between the shape of the atoms and the crystal structure of the elements is made. As a result it was possible to describe the variety of crystal structures (Cu‐, W‐, Mg‐type of structure) of pure metallic elements using a consistent principle. The guiding rule of the principle is the dense arrangement of atoms in the form of a hexagon with a central atom. Different atomic shapes and stacking arrangements lead to different unit cells. The shape of an atom is a more useful visualisation construct than the complicated charge density distribution. The consequences of the proposed model on various aspects of crystallography are discussed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zebrafish calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (cam‐kii) inhibitors: Expression patterns and their roles in zebrafish brain development
Authors: Hsu Li‐Sung , Tseng Chen‐Yuan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCalcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaM‐KII) plays a critical role in neuronal functions. In this report, we demonstrate the expression patterns, functional analysis, and development role of the two zebrafish CaM‐KII inhibitors, cam‐kiin1 and cam‐kiin2. Both of these genes were detected in the 5‐somite stage and are persistently expressed thereafter. The RNA transcripts of cam‐kiin1 were prominently expressed in the forebrain and hindbrain regions, especially in the telencephalon, while cam‐kiin2 was detected in the anterior brain region and neurons of the hindbrain. Through GST‐pull down, co‐immunoprecipitation, and kinase assay, cam‐kii inhibitors can bind to and reduce cam‐kiiα activity. However, no overt alternation of brain marker such as ngn1, otx2, and pax2.1 was observed in morphants received each one or combined MO. Our results suggest that the two cam‐kii inhibitors exhibited distinct expression pattern and may play a minor role in zebrafish brain development. Developmental Dynamics 239:3098–3105, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigating giant (Gt) repression in the formation of partially overlapping pair‐rule stripes
Authors: Ribeiro Thiago Casé , Ventrice Glauber , Machado‐Lima Ariane , Andrioli Luiz Paulo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDrosophila pair‐rule genes are expressed in striped patterns with a precise order of overlap between stripes of different genes. We investigated the role of Giant (Gt) in the regulation of even‐skipped, hairy, runt, and fushi tarazu stripes formed in the vicinity of Gt expression domains. In gt null embryos, specific stripes of eve, h, run, and ftz are disrupted. With an ectopic expression system, we verified that stripes affected in the mutant are also repressed. Simultaneously hybridizing gt misxpressing embryos with two pair‐rule gene probes, we were able to distinguish differences in the repression of pairs of stripes that overlap extensively. Together, our results showed Gt repression roles in the regulation of two groups of partially overlapping stripes and that Gt morphogen activity is part of the mechanism responsible for the differential positioning of these stripes borders. We discuss the possibility that other factors regulate Gt stripe targets as well. Developmental Dynamics 239:2989–2999, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AES/GRG5: More than just a dominant‐negative TLE/GRG family member
Authors: Beagle Brandon , Johnson Gail V.W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe human Transducin‐like Enhancer of Split (TLE) and mouse homologue, Groucho gene‐related protein (GRG), represent a family of conserved non‐DNA binding transcriptional modulatory proteins divided into two subgroups based upon size. The long TLE/GRGs consist of four pentadomain proteins that are dedicated co‐repressors for multiple transcription factors (TF). The second TLE/GRG subgroup is composed of the Amino‐terminal Enhancer of Split (AES) in humans and its mouse homolog GRG5 (AES/GRG5). In contrast to the dedicated co‐repressor function of long TLE/GRGs, AES/GRG5 can both positively or negatively modulate various TF as well as non‐TF proteins in a long TLE/GRG‐dependent or ‐independent manner. Therefore, AES/GRG5 is a functionally dynamic protein that is not exclusively defined by its role as a long TLE/GRG antagonist. AES/GRG5 may function in various developmental and pathological processes but the functional characteristics of endogenous AES/GRG5 in a physiologically relevant context remains to be determined. Developmental Dynamics 239:2795–2805, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct troponin C isoform requirements in cardiac and skeletal muscle
Authors: Sogah Vanessa M. , Serluca Fabrizio C. , Fishman Mark C. , Yelon Deborah L. , MacRae Calum A. , Mably John D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe zebrafish mutant silent partner is characterized by a dysmorphic, non‐contractile ventricle resulting in an inability to generate normal blood flow. We have identified the genetic lesion in the zebrafish homolog of the slow twitch skeletal/cardiac troponin C gene. Although human troponin C1 (TNNC1) is expressed in both cardiac and skeletal muscle, duplication of this gene in zebrafish has resulted in tissue‐specific partitioning of troponin C expression and function. Mutation of the zebrafish paralog tnnc1a, which is expressed predominantly in the heart, results in a loss of contractility and myofibrillar organization within ventricular cardiomyocytes, while skeletal muscle remains functional and intact. We further show that defective contractility in the developing heart results in abnormal atrial and ventricular chamber morphology. Together, our results suggest that tnnc1a is required both for the function and structural integrity of the contractile machinery in cardiomyocytes, helping to clarify potential mechanisms of troponin C–mediated cardiomyopathy. Developmental Dynamics 239:3115–3123, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contrasting roles of macrophages and dendritic cells in controlling initial pulmonary Brucella infection
Authors: Archambaud Cristel , Salcedo Suzana P. , Lelouard Hugues , Devilard Elisabeth , de Bovis Beatrice , Van Rooijen Nico , Gorvel Jean‐Pierre , Malissen Bernard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractControl of pulmonary pathogens constitutes a challenging task as successful immune responses need to be mounted without damaging the lung parenchyma. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we analyzed in the mouse the initial innate immune response that follows intranasal inoculation of Brucella abortus. Bacteria were absent from parenchymal dendritic cells (DC) but present in alveolar macrophages in which they replicated. When the number of alveolar macrophages was reduced prior to Brucella infection, small numbers of pulmonary DC were infected and a massive recruitment of TNF‐α‐ and iNOS‐producing DC ensued. Coincidentally, Brucella disseminated to the lung‐draining mediastinal lymph nodes (LN) where they replicated in both migratory DC and migratory alveolar macrophages. Together, these results demonstrate that alveolar macrophages are critical regulators of the initial innate immune response against Brucella within the lungs and show that pulmonary DC and alveolar macrophages play rather distinct roles in the control of microbial burden.
Harnessing the diversity of the human T‐cell repertoire: A monitoring tool for transplantation tolerance?
Authors: Naesens Maarten , Sarwal Minnie M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThere is significant diversity in the TCR repertoire in heterologous and allogeneic immunity. A paper in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology shows that changes in the TCR repertoire can be correlated with outcomes of renal transplantation. This indicates that the diversity of the TCR repertoire could be utilized to monitor clinical phenotypes, such as chronic humoral rejection and operational tolerance in organ transplantation. However, prior to the clinical use of monitoring changes in the TCR repertoire as a biomarker to monitor clinical status after organ transplantation, many questions regarding time dependency, triggering factors and specificity need to be addressed. A causative role for TCR repertoire disruption in organ transplantation will need to be proven by interventional trials that can demonstrate that the TCR repertoire is modifiable and predictive of graft outcome. In this Commentary, we discuss the strengths and opportunities of TCR repertoire monitoring, and point towards yet unanswered questions that will become important if the Vβ CDR3‐length distribution assay will be clinically applied.
Synthesis, Structures, and Heterogeneous Catalytic Applications of {Co3+–Eu3+} and {Co3+–Tb3+} Heterodimetallic Coordination Polymers
Authors: Kumar Girijesh , Singh Amit Pratap , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo {Co3+–Eu3+} and {Co3+–Tb3+} heterodimetallic coordination polymers have been synthesized by using a Co3+‐based coordination complex as the building block. Structural studies show that the lanthanide atoms are coordinated to the cobalt complex through Oamide groups. This results in the generation of a one‐dimensional zigzag coordination polymer. These coordination polymers have been shown to catalyze the ring‐opening reactions of the epoxides with anilines and alcohols under heterogeneous and solvent‐free conditions. Interestingly, a perfect regioselectivity was observed in the aminolysis and alcoholysis reaction of styrene oxide.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Additions of Oxyacetaldehydes to Nitroolefins
Authors: Huťka Martin , Poláčková Viera , Marák Jozef , Kaniansky Dušan , Šebesta Radovan , Toma Štefan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlkyl and aryloxyacetaldehydes add enantioselectively to various nitroalkenes. Addition products were isolated in good yield and high enantiomeric purity (up to 96 % ee) but only mediocre syn/anti ratios were achieved. The course of the reaction was investigated by mass spectrometry and by DFT calculations.
Analysis of trace degradation products (decarboxylated diastereoisomers) of S‐adenosylmethionine by electrophoresis in capillaries with cationic coatings (N‐methylpolyvinylpyridinium or divalent barium)
Authors: Sebastiano Roberto , Knob Radim , Citterio Attilio , Righetti Pier Giorgio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCommercial preparations of S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) when analyzed in uncoated capillaries show a minute impurity believed to be decarboxylated (dc) SAM. By using two types of cationic coatings, thus reducing the electro‐endo‐osmotic flow (EOF), it was possible to separate this impurity into two diastereoisomers of dcSAM. The coatings evaluated for this purpose were: (i) N‐methylpolyvinylpyridinium, used under reversed EOF at acidic conditions (pH 4.0) and (ii) deposition of divalent barium at alkaline pH values (pH 9.4), providing reduced EOF. Under these conditions, it was possible to separate this impurity into two diastereoisomers, which by chemical synthesis were indeed proven to be dcSAM. It was further demonstrated that, in the alkylation of 5′‐methylthioadenosine by 3‐bromopropylamine in bromidric acid to dcSAM, another minute impurity was present, proven, via mass spectrometry, to consist of S‐(5′‐adenosyl)‐3‐thiopropylamine (decarboxylated and demethylated (dc‐SAH)). The LOD for the two dcSAM diastereoisomers was assessed as 17.5 μg/mL and their LOQ as 25.5 μg/mL. By the barium‐based protocol it was possible to quantify the dcSAM, present in a commercial sample of SAM, as a 0.1% impurity.
Identification of methylated regions with peak search based on Poisson model from massively parallel methylated DNA immunoprecipitation‐sequencing data
Authors: Yang Yao , Wang Wei , Li Yanqiang , Tu Jing , Bai Yunfei , Xiao Pengfeng , Zhang Dingdong , Lu Zuhong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modification types, which plays a critical role in gene expression. High efficient surveying of whole genome DNA methylation has been aims of many researchers for long. Recently, the rapidly developed massively parallel DNA‐sequencing technologies open the floodgates to vast volumes of sequence data, enabling a paradigm shift in profiling the whole genome methylation. Here, we describe a strategy, combining methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing with peak search to identify methylated regions on a whole‐genome scale. Massively parallel methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing combined with methylation DNA immunoprecipitation was adopted to obtain methylated DNA sequence data from human leukemia cell line K562, and the methylated regions were identified by peak search based on Poison model. From our result, 140 958 non‐overlapping methylated regions have been identified in the whole genome. Also, the credibility of result has been proved by its strong correlation with bisulfite‐sequencing data (Pearson R2=0.92). It suggests that this method provides a reliable and high‐throughput strategy for whole genome methylation identification.
Genomic N6‐methyladenine determination by MEKC with LIF
Authors: Krais Annette M. , Cornelius Michael G. , Schmeiser Heinz H. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract2′‐Deoxy‐N6‐methyladenosine (N6mdA) is frequently found in prokaryotic and unicellular eukaryotic genomes. Although methylated bases represent only a minor fraction of the genome, they, however, exhibit strong biological effects. Here, we report a fast and sensitive method for the quantification of global adenine methylation in DNA. The method is based on a recently developed procedure consisting of fluorescence labeling of deoxyribonucleotides with BODIPY FL EDA and analysis by CE with LIF. An oligodeoxyribonucleotide site specifically modified with N6mdA was used for peak assignment, to establish separation conditions and to determine the LOD. The method yielded a LOD for N6mdA of 280 pM (1.4 amol), which is equivalent to ∼1 N6mdA per 104 normal nucleotides (0.01%) using 1 μg of DNA as the matrix. After calibration with completely dam methylated λ DNA, the assay was applied to the analysis of various DNAs.
Coastal wetlands and the Neanderthal settlement of Portuguese Estremadura
Authors: Haws Jonathan A. , Benedetti Michael M. , Funk Caroline L. , Bicho Nuno F. , Daniels J. Michael , Hesp Patrick A. , Minckley Thomas A. , Forman Steven L. , Jeraj Marjeta , Gibaja Juan F. , Hockett Bryan S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCoastal wetlands are ecotone settings that offer diverse sets of resources for human exploitation, yet evidence for Pleistocene occupation rarely preserves due to recent postglacial sea‐level rise. During an ongoing geoarchaeological survey of Portuguese Estremadura we identified uplifted Pleistocene sediments that record coastal features including raised beaches, tidal channels, muds, peat, and coastal dunes. Stratified concentrations of Middle Paleolithic artifacts were found at Mira Nascente and Praia Rei Cortiço, two new sites in coastal wetland settings. The Mira Nascente locality yielded a chert‐dominated lithic assemblage in a tidal flat setting dated to MIS 3. The raw material economy differs markedly from sites found in other landscape settings. Praia Rei Cortiço is located near a thick peat deposit that formed in a freshwater coastal swamp and marsh likely dated to the Last Interglacial. These two sites represent a novel expression of Neanderthal land use strategies in Portugal. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The riparian origin of mankind is most probable whether by the side of fresh or salt water.—Carl O. Sauer (1962: 47)
Team collectivist culture: A remedy for creating team effectiveness
Authors: McAtavey Jean , Nikolovska Irena 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article provides a review of literature on collective orientation and effective teams by theoretically elucidating the relationship between these two constructs. The relationship between these two constructs is found by identifying the elements that go into creating an effective team, which are also found in a collectivist orientation. As those elements are identified, a model encompassing “team collectivist” corporate culture is proposed. The model depicts the development of team collectivist corporate culture, including members' attitudes, behaviors, and characteristics that reflect collectivist orientation that would aid in the development of effective teams, thus increasing performance and productivity within the organization. The model seeks to provide the Human Resource Development (HRD) professional with a tool that will (a) enable them to predict whether or not certain individuals have the potential to be an effective team player, (b) enable the organization to be proactive in building effective teams, and (c) allow team managers to diagnose and provide solutions to dysfunctional teams.