bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulations of gas turbine performance: Influence of gas-behaviour modelling
Authors: Lee A S , Singh R , Probert S D 
Published: October 2009

Several gas-turbine-behaviour simulation programs have been developed so far to predict gas turbines performances under design and off-design conditions. The focus of the present investigation is on addressing the effects of the different approaches to modelling the gases’ thermodynamic properties on the performance prediction of gas turbines, in particular that of the conventional and two-combustor engines. Unfortunately, the use of various different models has resulted in variations in the predicted values for a gas turbine's performance under identical conditions. Also, in the comparison of the performance of the two-combustor engine with that of the conventional engine, the use of various different gas-properties models has shown different outcomes; for example, the predictions using the considered constant-specific-heat model have revealed that the two-combustor engine operates with a higher thermal efficiency compared with what is achievable using by the baseline (conventional) engine, whereas the predictions using the modified and improved specific-heat models have shown otherwise. Hence, depending on the applications, the selection of prediction methodology and its gas (thermodynamic) properties model might result in misleading findings.
Role of jet core in splashing patterns of diesel jet impingement on a solid wall
Authors: Weclas M , Cypris J 
Published: October 2009

Under certain conditions diesel jet wall impingement results in triangular (polygonal) splashing shapes. This process has been found to be almost independent of injection pressure, injection frequency or of the injection duration. The triangular splashing shapes are observed at a given transition time after diesel jet wall contact. This time depends on the distance from the wall and on the injection pressure (jet velocity). This triangular splashing process is dependent on the distance from the wall, and does not correspond to a typical hydraulic jump process. The wall jet created after jet impingement along the solid wall is not responsible for triangular splashing. The process investigated depends on the degree of the diesel jet development and is characterized by impingement of the jet core on the wall only. A hypothesis of a non-homogeneous jet core has been formulated and verified to explain triangular splashing regions. For very small distances between nozzle and wall, the resulting splashing may be observed as a star-like three-jet structure. These jets, rebounding in three pre-dominating directions, will spread the preliminary circular splashing (just after wall contact of the primary jet), rendering the splashing geometry more and more triangular in shape until the transition time occurs.
Temporal Forecast Uncertainty for Ramp Events
Authors: Greaves Beatrice , Collins Jonathan , Parkes Jeremy , Tindal Andrew 
Published: October 2009

As the penetration of wind energy continues to increase around the world, the impact of wind energy on the management of electrical grids is becoming increasingly evident. The challenge for the grid operator of integrating wind energy, or for the energy trader to maximise the market value of the energy, is toughest during periods of rapid change in wind farm production, or ramp events. These events are also tough to forecast accurately, and it is therefore essential to understand the uncertainty of forecasting such events. To date the majority of work on the uncertainty of wind energy forecasts has been focused on the possible amplitude of wind production that might occur at a given time. However, there has been limited investigation into effectively defining the possible timing of significant wind energy events. This paper aims to focus on methodologies for generating temporal forecast uncertainty for rapid changes in wind farm production. The first challenge is to define ramp events, secondly the forecast uncertainty needs to be calculated and finally this information needs to be presented clearly to the end user. This paper covers these three areas, with a focus on the method of calculating forecast uncertainty using multiple NWP inputs, statistical processing and adaptive algorithms. The results are based on GH Forecaster services for both individual and portfolios of wind farms. The outcome of the investigation demonstrates that temporal forecast uncertainty can be calculated and clearly presented to indicate the likely timing and amplitude of wind energy ramp events.
Experimental Investigations on Sail Type Wind-Turbines
Authors: Ghosh Pronoy , Kamoji M.A. , Date A.W. , Prabhu S.V. 
Published: October 2009

Horizontal and vertical axis type wind turbines using sails (instead of rigid blades) are experimentally investigated. Cretan type wind turbines are horizontal axis sail type wind turbines. The simple design, low cost and ease of construction of these turbines make them an attractive option for areas having low wind velocities. Coefficient of power and coefficient of torque for Cretan type rotor with 5 blades for a solidity ratio of 0.85 is studied. The type of the cloth used is polyester with porosity ranging between 75 to 300 μm. Experiments are conducted for Reynolds number of 1 × 105 and 1.2 × 105 and tip speed ratios ranging between 0 and 0.1. Influence of sail angle (5°, 15°, 25° and 30°) on the performance of the horizontal axis sail type wind turbines is investigated. Sail angle of 25° gives the maximum coefficient of power of 0.31 at a tip speed ratio of 0.71. Sail Savonius wind turbines are investigated on the vertical wind turbine domain. The enhanced performance of Cretan type wind rotors using sails laid the foundation for studying the behavior of Savonius wind turbines with flexible blades. The sail Savonius rotor used in the study has a rotor diameter of 180 mm with an overlap ratio of 0.15. The type of cloth used is polyester with the porosity ranging between 75 to 300 μm. The performance characteristic curves are measured for Reynolds number of 9 × 104 and 1 × 105. The peak value of coefficient of power is around 0.05 at a tip speed ratio of 0.43 for a Reynolds number of 1 × 105.
Fast Prototype Blade Design
Authors: Hjort Søren , Dixon Kristian , Gineste Michael , Olsen Anders S. 
Published: October 2009

One of the most obvious and promising solutions to bringing down cost of wind energy is continued improvement of energy output per structural load. For the blade designer this boils down to the task of designing a blade with a desired energy output and an optimized ratio of energy per load. Since the wind industry is not yet at a stage where all performance and loading aspects of new blade types can be determined with full certainty on a purely theoretical and analytical basis, manufacturing and testing of full-scale prototypes remains a fundamental cornerstone. The paper presents a fast prototyping development platform. This platform enables complete blade layout optimization as well as nested optimizations of sub-component entities such as airfoils and laminate plans. Validation comes at various levels, both numerically from more advanced models that are not applicable for large scale optimization, and from physical tests, e.g. wind tunnel profile measurements. First, the detailed workflow of the fast prototyping development platform is laid out. Then a specific and recent example of a multi-MW blade design optimization is given, and finally the results are discussed and a path for process improvements is suggested.
On the Maximum Quadratic Assignment Problem
Authors: Nagarajan Viswanath , Sviridenko Maxim 
Published: October 2009

Quadratic assignment is a basic problem in combinatorial optimization that generalizes several other problems such as traveling salesman, linear arrangement, dense k subgraph, and clustering with given sizes. The input to the quadratic assignment problem consists of two n × n symmetric nonnegative matrices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Given matrices W, D, and a permutation [Formula: see text], the objective function is [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the maximum quadratic assignment problem, where the goal is to find a permutation π that maximizes [Formula: see text]. We give an [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm, which is the first nontrivial approximation guarantee for this problem. The above guarantee also holds when the matrices W, D are asymmetric. An indication of the hardness of maximum quadratic assignment is that it contains as a special case the dense k subgraph problem, for which the best-known approximation ratio is [Formula: see text] (Feige et al. [Feige, U., G. Kortsarz, D. Peleg. 2001. The dense k-subgraph problem. Algorithmica 29(3) 410–421]). When one of the matrices W, D satisfies triangle inequality, we obtain a [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm. This improves over the previously best-known approximation guarantee of four (Arkin et al. [Arkin, E. M., R. Hassin, M. Sviridenko. 2001. Approximating the maximum quadratic assignment problem. Inform. Processing Lett. 77 13–16]) for this special case of maximum quadratic assignment. The performance guarantee for maximum quadratic assignment with triangle inequality can be proved relative to an optimal solution of a natural linear programming relaxation that has been used earlier in branch-and-bound approaches (see, eg., Adams and Johnson [Adams, W. P., T. A. Johnson. 1994. Improved linear programming-based lower bounds for the quadratic assignment problem. DIMACS Ser. Discrete Math. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 16 43–77]). It can also be shown that this linear program (LP) has an integrality gap of [Formula: see text] for general maximum quadratic assignment.
Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping and Minimal Residual Disease Analysis in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Bhaskar Archana , Kumar Lalit , Sharma Atul , Jain Paresh 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Presence of normal plasma cells (PCs), hemodilution of bone marrow aspirate, and changes in the immunophenotype are important considerations in minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in multiple myeloma (MM). We evaluated 124 subjects—107 with MM, 11 with Hodgkin lymphoma, and 6 allogeneic stem cell transplantation donors—for the immunophenotype of neoplastic, reactive, and normal PCs respectively. Of the patients with MM, 36 were evaluated for MRD and 23 for a change in immunophenotype after chemotherapy. The immunophenotype of normal and reactive PCs was similar and differed from that of neoplastic PCs with respect to CD19, CD45, CD56, CD52, CD20, and CD117. At least 2 antigens were aberrantly expressed in all cases and 3 in 90.7% of MM cases. A change in the immunoprofile of PCs was observed in 18 (78%) of 23 cases. By using flow cytometry, we detected MRD in all samples, and a neoplastic PC index (percentage of neoplastic PCs/total bone marrow PCs) of less than 30 could differentiate immunofixation (IFx)− from IFx+ samples (complete and partial responders, respectively).
Is the QuantiFERON-TB Blood Assay a Good Replacement for the Tuberculin Skin Test in Tuberculosis Screening?
Authors: Zhao Xiangrong , Mazlagic Damir , Flynn Ethan A. , Hernandez Helda , Abbott Charles L. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube method (QFT-GIT; Cellestis, Carnegie, Australia) is a recently US Food and Drug Administration–approved interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for the detection of tuberculosis infection, which has been screened for by the tuberculin skin test (TST) for nearly a century. We report a pilot study comparing the QFT-GIT and TST results for screening health care workers (HCWs) at Berkshire Medical Center (BMC; Pittsfield, MA), the second hospital in Massachusetts to use QFT-GIT. For the study, 40 BMC HCWs, 20 TST+ and 20 TST−, were screened with the QFT-GIT test.
All 20 TST− subjects were also QFT-GIT−, while only 10 of 20 TST+ subjects were QFT-GIT+. The overall agreement between the QFT-GIT and TST results was 75% (κ = 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.268–0.732). The suboptimal agreement was partially due to a higher specificity of QFT-GIT. Confounding factors (eg, bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination status and birthplace) are discussed, and literature regarding IGRAs and their comparison with TST is reviewed.
Immunophenotypic Variations in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Gao Juehua , Peterson LoAnn , Nelson Beverly , Goolsby Charles , Chen Yi-Hua 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) expresses pan–B-cell antigens and is usually CD5+/CD10−/CD23−/FMC7+. In this study, we evaluated 52 patients with confirmed diagnoses of MCL and identified variant immunophenotypes in 21 patients (19/48 classical and 2/4 variant MCLs), including CD5− in 6 (12%) of 52, CD10+ in 4 (8%) of 50, CD23+ in 10 (21%) of 48, and FMC7− in 4 (11%) of 37 cases. Three cases showed variations in 2 antigens, including CD5−/CD23+, CD10+/FMC7−, and CD23+/FMC7−; they were all classical MCLs. One blastoid variant MCL was CD23+, and one was FMC7−. Evaluation for proliferation index by immunohistochemical analysis for Ki-67 demonstrated no significant difference between MCLs with variant immunophenotypes and MCLs with typical immunophenotypes. The high proliferation index (&gt;60%) was exclusively seen in the blastoid and pleomorphic variants. Our results indicate that immunophenotypic variations are common in MCL, and recognizing the variability is important for accurate subclassification of B-cell lymphoma.
Time Trends in Fungal Infections as a Cause of Death in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Alsharif Mariam , Cameron Stuart E. H. , Young Jo-Anne H. , Savik Kay , Henriksen Jonathan C. , Gulbahce H. Evin , Pambuccian Stefan E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractInfectious complications remain an important cause of death in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. We undertook a 20-year (1988–2007) retrospective review of all autopsies performed on HSCT recipients in our institution, with emphasis on infections, especially fungal infections, as the cause of death. Of the 2,943 autopsies performed in our institution from 1988 to 2007, 395 (13.4%) involved HSCT recipients (117 pediatric; 278 adult). Of the patients, 298 had received allogeneic, 46 autologous, 41 umbilical cord blood, and 3 autologous plus allogeneic types, and 7 were unknown HSCT types. The most common causes of death were pulmonary complications, occurring in 247 (62.5%) of 395 cases. In 178 cases (45.1%), microorganisms (viral, bacterial, and/or fungal) were documented at autopsy in one or more organs and contributed to the cause of death. Fungal infections were found in 23.5% of cases, but their frequency as a cause of death decreased throughout this study, from 30.3% in the 1988–1992 period to 10.9% in the 2003–2007 period.
T-Cell Receptor Gene Rearrangement and CD30 Immunoreactivity in Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma With Stromal Eosinophilia of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Salisbury Catherine L. , Budnick Steven D. , Li Shiyong 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is an ulcerative lesion of the oral mucosa with unknown pathogenesis. A few recent case reports have demonstrated molecular evidence of T-cell clonality in TUGSE and CD30 immunoreactivity in the large atypical mononuclear cells, raising the possibility that a TUGSE subset may represent the oral counterpart of primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. We examined the immunoreactivity for CD30 and T-cell receptor (TCR) γ gene rearrangement in 37 TUGSE cases. Clonal TCR gene rearrangements were demonstrated in 7 (24%) of 29 cases with amplifiable DNA, and the morphologic features and CD30 immunoreactivity of these cases did not differ from those with polyclonal TCR gene rearrangements. Clinical follow-up was available for 5 of 7 TUGSE cases with clonal TCR gene rearrangement for an average period of 1.75 years after the initial biopsy or excision, and there was no evidence of local recurrence or development of systemic T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Without morphologic and/or clinical evidence of lymphoma, T-cell clonality and/or CD30 positivity in these lesions is not indicative of malignancy and should be interpreted with caution.
Does Advice from Pharmacy Staff Vary According to the Nonprescription Medicine Requested?
Authors: Kelly Fiona S , Williams Kylie A , Benrimoj Shalom I 
Published: October 2009

Background: Community pharmacy has long been advocated as an appropriate gateway of supply for nonprescription medicines and health-related advice. Consumers sometimes self-treat the symptoms of minor illness, yet there is conflicting evidence over their ability to do so properly. Emerging trends also suggest a variable approach to nonprescription medicine supply by pharmacy staff. Understanding of this is limited and more structured exploration is needed. Objective: To explore variation in pharmacy staff response to requests for nonprescription medicines from different legislative schedules through analysis of data collected using pseudo-patient methods. Methods: Consumers posed as pharmacy patrons (ie, pseudo-patients, simulated patients) and requested 1 of 3 specific nonprescription medicines by name. Two of these, ibuprofen and a branded cold and flu medication, could be sold by any pharmacy staff member (these were considered Pharmacy Medicine). The third, a combination analgesic containing paracetamol (acetaminophen), codeine, and doxylamine, required pharmacist involvement in the sale (considered Pharmacist Only Medicine). Pseudo-patient visits measured the service provided in each pharmacy by observing whether staff performed particular behaviors such as providing advice regarding the drugs. Results: Staff response was generally superior when pseudo-patients requested the combination analgesic that required pharmacist intervention. Medicine advice was provided verbally to 84.9% of pseudo-patients requesting this analgesic compared with 51.1% of those requesting the cold and flu medication. Similar trends were observed for other behaviors. Conclusions: Emerging patterns imply that pharmacy staff response may vary according to the medicine requested. It may be that pharmacists and their staff prioritize drugs or behaviors that they consider critically relevant as part of a risk management approach. This has possible implications for future scheduling policy. Further research using a range of scenarios would more fully explore the breadth of such behavior. This would aid identification of medicines that trigger professional intervention and inform development of targeted training programs.
Documentation Quality in Community Pharmacy: Completeness of Electronic Patient Records After Patients' First Visits
Authors: Floor-Schreudering Annemieke , De Smet Peter AGM , Buurma Henk , Egberts Antoine CG , Bouvy Marcel L 
Published: October 2009

Background: When patients visit a community pharmacy for the first time, the creation of an electronic patient record (EPR) with relevant and up-to-date data is a prerequisite for adequate medication surveillance and patient counseling. Objective: To investigate the level of completeness of documentation in the EPR after a patient's first visit to a Dutch community pharmacy. Methods: In each participating pharmacy, newly enlisted (<3 mo) patients to whom at least one medication had been dispensed were enrolled in this survey. For each patient who could be interviewed, pharmacy master students used a structured questionnaire to gather relevant, mandatory patient data (ie, basic characteristics, current drugs used, diseases, intolerabilities, specific conditions) and nonmandatory patient data (eg, diagnostic and monitoring data, personal experiences and habits, drug use problems) from the patient's EPR and from a structured telephone interview with the patient. Data retrieved from the patient's EPR were compared with data provided by the patient during the telephone interview. Results: Of 403 selected patients, 154 (38.2%) could be interviewed by telephone. Poor documentation of telephone numbers in the EPR was the main reason for nonresponse (134/249). Interviewers found that 67.7% of prescription drugs, 0% of over-the-counter drugs, 19.6% of diseases, 3.7% of intolerabilities, and none of the specific conditions reported by patients had been documented in the EPR. Nonmandatory data (personal experiences and habits, drug use problems) reported during the patient interview had not been documented in the EPR. Conclusions: The EPR after a patient's first visit to the community pharmacy is often incomplete. For new patients, the pharmacist should more proactively and systematically gather patient information, and all relevant information should be recorded, preferably in coded form, in the pharmacy information system to allow more adequate clinical risk management.
Effect of Drug Information Request Templates on Pharmacy Student Compliance with the Modified Systematic Approach to Answering Drug Information Questions
Authors: Lavsa Stacey M , Corman Shelby L , Verrico Margaret M , Pummer Tara L 
Published: October 2009

Background: The modified systematic approach to answering drug information questions is a technique used in drug information practice and in teaching pharmacy students to effectively provide drug information. Drug information request templates were developed to prompt students and other trainees to ask appropriate background questions and perform an effective search. Objective: An evaluation was conducted to determine whether use of drug information templates by fourth-year pharmacy students during their drug information experiential rotation improved compliance with the modified systematic approach. Methods: Fifty documented drug information requests, including 25 prior to template implementation (August 2005–August 2006) and 25 after template implementation (August 2007–August 2008), were randomly selected for evaluation. Each question was evaluated for completeness of background information obtained, categorization and identification of the ultimate question, completeness of references searched, and formulation of a concise response and an evidence-based recommendation. Results: Background information was complete in 16% of pre-template questions and 92% of post-template questions (p < 0.001). Eighty-four percent of pre-template questions and 96% of post-template questions were appropriately categorized (p = 0.349). The requestor's ultimate question was clearly identified in 68% of pre-template questions and 92% of post-template questions (p = 0.074). All necessary references were searched in 36% of pre-template questions and 88% of post-template questions (p < 0.001). A concise response was documented in 80% of pre-template questions and 92% of post-template questions (p = 0.417). In questions determined to require a specific recommendation among the pre-template (n = 20) and post-template groups (n = 14), a clear and evidence-based recommendation was described in 40% (p = 0.038) and 79% (p = 0.038), respectively. Conclusions: Use of drug information request templates improves students' compliance with the modified systematic approach, most notably in obtaining background information and searching necessary references including primary literature.