bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of novel Hibiscus sabdariffa‐g‐poly(EA) copolymer
Authors: Chauhan Ashish , Kaith Balbir Singh 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this article, the morphologic transformation of Hibiscus sabdariffa, a natural fiber through graft copolymerization with ethyl acrylate using ceric ammonium nitrate–nitric acid initiator system, has been reported. Different reaction parameters such as temperature, time, initiator concentration, monomer concentration, and pH were optimized to get maximum graft yield (117.3%). The graft copolymer thus formed was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron micrographs, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The graft copolymer was found to be moisture, chemical, and thermal resistant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation and characterization of styrene acrylate emulsion surface sizing agent modified with rosin
Authors: Xu Jianfeng , Hu Huiren 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA series of core‐shell type cationic soap‐free latex were prepared by using styrene(St), butyl acrylate(BA), and methyl methacrylate(MMA) as main materials and introducing rosin as the functional monomer. Cationic starch (CS‐8), which has low relative viscosity, was used as the emulsifier and dispersant. The influencing factors of the reaction were studied and the optimal conditions were achieved. Then the products were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), FT‐IR, laser particle sizer, and particle charge detector (PCD). The results showed that the excellent performance and good sizing effects of SAE were achieved when the reaction conditions were as follows: the starch amount was 8 wt %, the charge of the initiator (APS) was 0.5%, and the amount of rosin was 2 wt %. Under these conditions, the particle size of the latex was around 100 nm and had a narrow distribution, and the charge density of latex was 0.61 mmol L−1. The water‐resistant performance of paper was improved significantly when SAE was modified with rosin, and the Cobb value decreased by 46.8% compared to that of the paper sized by SAE without rosin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Design, synthesis, and imaging study of a photoactive polymer containing aryl substituted diazoketo groups
Authors: Liu Lu , Zou Yingquan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA photoactive polymer containing aryl substituted diazoketo groups was prepared by radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and photoactive 2‐(2‐diazo‐3‐oxo‐3‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐propionyloxy)‐ethyl methacrylate. Upon UV irradiation at 365 nm, the diazoketo groups of the copolymer underwent the Wolff rearrangement and afforded ketenes that reacted with water to provide carboxylic moieties that could be removed by basic developer. It was demonstrated that this photoactive polymer could be used as a novel single component positive photoresist. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Combined effect of organic phosphate sodium and nanoclay on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Zhao Shicheng , Xin Zhong , Zhang Jing , Han Ting 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCombined effect of α‐nucleating agent (NA) sodium 2,2′‐methylene‐bis(4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl) phosphate (NA11) and nanoclay (NC) on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was investigated by mechanical testing, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical testing results indicated that the separate addition of NA11 and NC only increased the stiffness of iPP while the combined addition of NA11, NC, and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA) simultaneously improved stiffness and toughness of iPP. Compared to pure iPP, the tensile strength, the flexural modulus, and impact strength of iPP composites increased 9.7, 38.6, and 42.9%, respectively. The result indicated good synergistic effects of NC, NA11, and PP‐g‐MA in improving iPP mechanical properties. WAXD patterns revealed NA11, and NC only induced the α‐crystals of iPP. SEM micrograph showed that the PP‐g‐MA could effectively improve the dispersing of NC in iPP. Finally, the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of neat iPP and PP nanocomposites was described by Caze method. The result indicated that the addition of NA overcame the shortcoming of low crystallization rate of NC nanocomposites and maintained the excellent mechanical properties, which is another highlight of the combined addition of NAs and nanoclay. Meanwhile, the result showed that nuclei formation and spherulite growth of iPP were affected by the presence of NA and nanoclay. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Morphology and properties of PP/EPDM binary blends and PP/EPDM/nano‐CaCO3 ternary blends
Authors: Gong Lei , Yin Bo , Li Lan‐peng , Yang Ming‐bo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this article, the morphology, crystallization, and rheological behaviors of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM) binary blend and PP/EPDM/calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nano‐CaCO3) ternary blend were investigated. Two processing methods, i.e., direct extrusion and two‐step extrusion, were employed to prepare the PP/EPDM/CaCO3 blend. The influence of EPDM and nano‐CaCO3 respectively on phase morphology and properties of PP/EPDM blend and PP/EPDM/CaCO3 blend were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic rheometer. The crystallinity and crystallization temperature of PP/EPDM blend were improved in comparison to pure PP due to addition of EPDM, but kept invariable with the increased EPDM loading. As the EPDM content was increased, the mobility of PP molecular chains was weakened. Compared with direct extruded blend, less and finer nano‐CaCO3 was dispersed in matrix of two‐step extruded blend. Accordingly, the increased nano‐CaCO3 in matrix gave rise to a weaker increment in crystallinity and crystallization temperature of two‐step extruded blend, and a later platform of tanδ curve. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)/phosphotungstic acid/attapulgite composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Wen Sheng , Gong Chunli , Shu Yao‐Chi , Tsai Fang‐Chang , Yeh Jen‐Taut 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNovel composite sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)(SPES)/phosphotungstic acid (PWA)/attapulgite (AT) membranes were investigated for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Physical–chemical properties of the composite membranes were characterized by FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM‐EDX, water uptake, tensile test, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability. Compared with a pure SPES membrane, PWA, and AT doping in the membrane led to a higher thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg) as revealed by TGA and DSC. Tensile test indicated that lower AT content (3%) in the composite can significantly increase the tensile strength, while higher AT loading demonstrated a smaller contribution on strength. Proper PWA and AT loadings in the composite membranes can increase the proton conductivity and lower the methanol cross‐over. The proton conductivity of the SPES‐P‐A 10% composite membrane reached 60% of the Nafion 112 membrane conductivity at room temperature while the methanol permeability was only one‐fourth of that of Nafion 112 membrane. This excellent performances of SPES/PWA/AT composite membranes could indicate a potential feasibility as a promising electrolyte for DMFC. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Web 2.0 according to Wikipedia: Capturing an organizing vision
Authors: Gorgeon Arnaud , Swanson E. Burton 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIs Web 2.0 more than a buzzword? In recent years, technologists and others have heatedly debated this question, even in Wikipedia, itself an example of Web 2.0. From the perspective of the present study, Web 2.0 may indeed be a buzzword, but more substantially it is also an example of an organizing vision that drives a community's discourse about certain new Information Technology (IT), serving to advance the technology's adoption and diffusion. Every organizing vision has a career that reflects its construction over time, and in the present study we examine Web 2.0's career as captured in its Wikipedia entry over a 5‐year period, finding that it falls into three distinct periods termed Germination, Growth, and Maturation. The findings reveal how Wikipedia, as a discourse vehicle, treats new IT and its many buzzwords, and more broadly captures the careers of their organizing visions. Too, they further our understanding of Wikipedia as a new encyclopedic form, providing novel insights into its uses, its community of contributors, and their editing activities, as well as the dynamics of article construction.
MicroRNA expression is differentially altered by xenobiotic drugs in different human cell lines
Authors: Rodrigues Alice C. , Li Xin , Radecki Laura , Pan Yu‐Zhuo , Winter Jerrold C. , Huang Min , Yu Ai‐Ming 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTSeveral noncoding microRNAs (miR or miRNA) have been shown to regulate the expression of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Xenobiotic drug‐induced changes in enzyme and transporter expression may be associated with the alteration of miRNA expression. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of 19 xenobiotic drugs (e.g. dexamethasone, vinblastine, bilobalide and cocaine) on the expression of ten miRNAs (miR‐18a, ‐27a, ‐27b, ‐124a, ‐148a, ‐324‐3p, ‐328, ‐451, ‐519c and −1291) in MCF‐7, Caco‐2, SH‐SY5Y and BE(2)‐M17 cell systems. The data revealed that miRNAs were differentially expressed in human cell lines and the change in miRNA expression was dependent on the drug, as well as the type of cells investigated. Notably, treatment with bilobalide led to a 10‐fold increase of miR‐27a and a 2‐fold decrease of miR‐148a in Caco‐2 cells, but no change of miR‐27a and a 2‐fold increase of miR‐148a in MCF‐7 cells. Neuronal miR‐124a was generally down‐regulated by psychoactive drugs (e.g. cocaine, methadone and fluoxetine) in BE(2)‐M17 and SH‐SY5Y cells. Dexamethasone and vinblastine, inducers of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and transporters, suppressed the expression of miR‐27b, ‐148a and −451 that down‐regulate the enzymes and transporters. These findings should provide increased understanding of the altered gene expression underlying drug disposition, multidrug resistance, drug–drug interactions and neuroplasticity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reappraising the surface anatomy of the pterion and its relationship to the middle meningeal artery
Authors: Ma Siyan , Baillie Louisa J.M. , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDespite its clinical importance, the surface anatomy of the pterion is inconsistently reported. This study reappraises the surface marking of the pterion and its relationship to the middle meningeal artery (MMA). The position and morphology of the pterion were analyzed in the Frankfurt plane in 76 adult skulls and 50 adult cranial cone beam CT scans. Relationship to the anterior branch of the MMA was examined in the skulls. Measurement reproducibility was assessed in a 20% randomly selected sample. In the skulls, the majority of pteria were sphenoparietal (78%), followed by epipteric (16%) and frontotemporal (5%). The center of the pterion was a mean of 26 ± 4 mm behind and 11 ± 4 mm above the posterolateral margin of the frontozygomatic suture; measurements were reproducible and consistent between sides and genders. Distances from the frontozygomatic suture were slightly greater (29 and 16 mm, respectively) in cranial CTs. A one centimeter circle centered on the midpoint of the pterion overlapped the anterior branch of the MMA in 68% of skulls; the artery was a few millimeters posterior in the remainder. Mean skull thickness at the midpoint of the pterion was 4.4 mm compared to 1 mm at its thinnest point in the squamous temporal bone. In conclusion, in most adults, the pterion lies within a one centimeter diameter circle 2.6 cm behind and 1.3 cm above the posterolateral margin of the frontozygomatic suture (which is easily palpable in vivo). This region overlaps the anterior branch of the MMA in two‐thirds of cases. Clin. Anat. 25:330–339, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A unilateral accessory flexor carpi ulnaris muscle observed during cadaveric dissection
Authors: Alvin Matthew , Alan Nima , Leone Jennifer , Fredieu John R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMusculature anomalies in the upper limb are common and may result in limb posture deformities or compression neuropathies. In this study, we describe a rare case of accessory flexor carpi ulnaris muscle observed during dissection ofthe forearm as part of a graduate gross anatomy course. Clin. Anat. 24:971–973, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intramolecular CH Oxidative N‐Allylation of C‐Homoallylhydrazones to 5‐Vinyl‐2‐pyrazolines Catalyzed by the [Pd(OAc)2]/BIMINAP System
Authors: Dang Thanh‐Tung , Abdellah Ibrahim , Canac Yves , Chauvin Remi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA catalytic procedure is described for intramolecular benzoquinone‐mediated CH oxidative N‐allylation of C‐homoallylhydrazones to 5‐vinyl‐2‐pyrazolines. Depending on the steric and electronic demand of the substituents at the allylic moiety of the substrate, other six or seven membered cyclic hydrazones were obtained in moderate yields. As compared to other Pd(OAc)2/phosphine combinations, the optimal catalytic conditions are based on the Pd(OAc)2/BIMINAP system [BIMINAP=formal contraction of the acronyms BIMIP=2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐bibenzimidazole and BINAP=2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl in a 10 % ratio. In a preliminary attempt, the use of the enantiopure (R)‐BIMINAP ligand was shown to provide the corresponding 5‐vinyl‐2‐pyrazoline in 75 % yield and 30 % ee in the (+)‐enantiomer, whereas the analogous (R)‐BINAP ligand afforded the same product in only 47 % yield and 10 % ee. The results highlight the specific value of the electron‐poor atropochiral BIMINAP ligand in catalysis and, in particular, oxidative catalysis.
Energy Saving in Crude Oil Atmospheric Distillation Columns by Modifying the Vapor Feed Inlet Tray
Authors: Arjmand M. , Moreno L. , Liu L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOptimization of a typical crude oil atmospheric distillation unit and reduction of energy conservation were carried out through modifying the implementation and change in the flash zone of the tower. A conventional procedure in such units involves the combination of liquid and vapor product of the prefractionation train surge drum upon introduction to the tower. However, it is theoretically illustrated and represented by simulation means that introducing the vapor feed into the upper stages of the distillation column separately can lead to an energy saving of 12.6 % in the condenser duty, an increased liquid‐to‐gas flow (L/G) at certain points of the column, and hence to a reduction in diameter and investment costs of new tower designs of approximately US$ 0.7 million a–1. The proposal can be put into practice without the need of additional equipments or additional cost of difficult rerouting the streams. An industrial case study of a steady‐state crude oil distillation unit is given by simulation provision of AspenHysys™.
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Impeller Design Parameters on the Performance of a Multiphase Baffle‐Stirred Reactor
Authors: Iranzo A. , Barbero R. , Domingo J. , Cuadra D. , Costa J. , Martín J. F. , Ullán R. V. , Barredo J. L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe turbulent gas‐liquid flow field in an industrial 100‐m3 stirred tank was calculated by using computational fluid dynamics based on the finite‐volume method. Turbulent effects were modeled with the shear stress transport model, and gas‐liquid bubbly flow was modeled with the Eulerian‐Eulerian approach using the Grace correlation for the drag force interphase momentum transfer. The relative motion between the rotating impeller and the stationary baffled tank was considered by using a multiple frames of reference algorithm. The effects of Rushton and pitched‐blade impeller design parameters such as blade geometry, location, and pumping direction on the mixing performance were investigated. It was found that a combination of Rushton turbines with up‐pumping pitched‐blade turbines provides the best mixing performance in terms of gas holdup and interfacial area density. The approach outlined in this work is useful for performance optimization of biotechnology reactors, as typically found in fermentation processes.
Inferential Control of Reactive Destillation Columns – An Algorithmic Approach
Authors: Paramasivan G. , Kienle A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDecentralized control system design comprises the selection of a suitable control structure and controller parameters. Here, mixed integer optimization is used to determine the optimal control structure and the optimal controller parameters simultaneously. The process dynamics is included explicitly into the constraints using a rigorous nonlinear dynamic process model. Depending on the objective function, which is used for the evaluation of competing control systems, two different formulations are proposed which lead to mixed‐integer dynamic optimization (MIDO) problems. A MIDO solution strategy based on the sequential approach is adopted in the present paper. Here, the MIDO problem is decomposed into a series of nonlinear programming (NLP) subproblems (dynamic optimization) where the binary variables are fixed, and mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) master problems which determine a new binary configuration for the next NLP subproblem. The proposed methodology is applied to inferential control of reactive distillation columns as a challenging benchmark problem for chemical process control.
A Simple Explicit Equation for the Saturation Temperature of Humid Air
Authors: Mitrovic J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBased on the Clausius‐Clapeyron equation and the ideal gas hypothesis for the gas phase, an explicit equation is derived for the saturation temperature of humid air. In order to account for the real gas effects in the vapor phase, the expression is then modified by using the state equation of a pure water two‐phase (vapor‐liquid) system at equilibrium recommended by Wagner and Pruss. Unlike other equations, it does not require knowledge of the relative humidity. The new equation describes the saturation temperature of humid air as a function of humidity ratio x and system pressure p in the following ranges: 0 < x < 0.2; 0.5 bar < p < 16 bar. As a side product, a simple expression for relative humidity is deduced.
ChemInform Abstract: Ag3(SO3F)4: A Rare Example of a Mixed‐Valent AgII/AgI Compound Showing 1D Antiferromagnetism.
Authors: Michalowski Tomasz , Malinowski Przemyslaw J. , Derzsi Mariana , Mazej Zoran , Zaglicic Zvonko , Leszczynski Piotr J. , Grochala Wojciech 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe known title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 4 (powder XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Rare Earth—Iron Oxide Chalconides with the La2Fe2O3Se2 Structure.
Authors: Charkin D. O. , Plotnikov V. A. , Sadakov A. V. , Omel'yanovskii O. E. , Kazakov S. M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe new compounds Ce2Fe2O3S2 and Pr2Fe2O3S2 are synthesized by solid state reactions of Ce or Pr, S, and Fe2O3 (1000 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Biomolecule‐Assisted Route for Preparation of Flower‐Like AgBiS2 Crystals.
Authors: Liu Haitao , Zhong Jiasong , Liang Xiaojuan , Zhang Jingfeng , Xiang Weidong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFlower‐like AgBiS2 crystals are prepared from mixtures of AgNO3, BiCl3, and L‐cystine dissolved in DMF (autoclave, 200 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active Bicyclic N‐Heterocycles by Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition/Cyclization Sequences.
Authors: Worgull Dennis , Dickmeiss Gustav , Jensen Kim L. , Franke Patrick T. , Holub Nicole , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe diarylprolinol silyl ether‐catalyzed cyclization of dicyanoalkynes (I) with enals (II) and a hydroxylamine (III) provides access towards cyclohexano‐fused aziridines (IV) in high enantio‐ and excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxy‐ and Aminophenyl Radicals from Arenediazonium Salts.
Authors: Pratsch Gerald , Anger Christian A. , Ritter Katharina , Heinrich Markus R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSuitable reaction conditions are identified under which hydroxy‐ and aminophenyldiazonium ions (I) can undergo radical reactions with allylic chloride (II) or simple hetarenes (IV) to form new C—C bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Linear Polystyrene‐Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles‐Catalyzed C—C Coupling Reaction in Water.
Authors: Ohtaka Atsushi , Teratani Takuto , Fujii Ryohei , Ikeshita Kanako , Kawashima Takahiro , Tatsumi Koichi , Shimomura Osamu , Nomura Ryoki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe catalyst can be easily recovered and reused several times without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Asymmetric Synthesis of Phenylglycinols.
Authors: Pan Xingang , Jia Liangbin , Liu Xuejian , Ma Haikuo , Yang Wenqian , Schwarz Jacob B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHighly selective hydride reduction of α‐silyloxy‐sulfinimides to afford chiral phenylglycinols is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Direct Michael Addition of Acetophenone to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Li Wenjun , Wu Wenbin , Yang Juanjuan , Liang Xinmiao , Ye Jinxing 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the presence of a Jorgensen—Hayashi catalyst, δ‐keto products (III) can be obtained in good regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and General Synthesis of Pyrroles.
Authors: Sharland Christopher M. , Singkhonrat Jirada , NajeebUllah Muhammad , Hayes Simon J. , Knight David W. , Dunford Damian G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA facile synthesis of variously substituted pyrroles is achieved by 5‐endo‐dig cyclization of 3‐alkynyl‐hydroxyalkanamine derivatives and subsequent in situ dehydration of the resulting hydroxy‐dihydropyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Arylations of Substituted Piperidines.
Authors: Seel Stephanie , Thaler Tobias , Takatsu Keishi , Zhang Cong , Zipse Hendrik , Straub Bernd F. , Mayer Peter , Knochel Paul 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDepending on the position of the intermediate zinc complex (position 2 vs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridinone Derivatives Catalyzed by L‐Proline.
Authors: Shi Chun‐Ling , Chen Hui , Shi Da‐Qing 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA sequence of condensation, addition, cyclization, and elimination is postulated for the so far unknown mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 4,7‐Diaryl‐2‐oxo(thio)‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroquinazoline‐5‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Han Guang‐Fan , Cui Bin , Chen Li‐Zhuang , Wang Rui‐Hua , Jin Yan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA general and highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of novel quinazolinone derivatives via a multi‐component reaction in aqueous medium is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of 3‐Substituted Quinazolinediones Directly from Anthranilic Acids and Isocyanates.
Authors: Koay Natalie , Campeau Louis‐Charles 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe presented one‐pot procedure is practical for a <50 g scale and exemplarily applied to the synthesis of the novel aldose reductase inhibitor zenarestat.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Aminobenzopentathiepines by Reactions of 4‐Nitrobenzodithiol‐2‐ones with NaHS.
Authors: Khomenko Tatyana M. , Korchagina Dina V. , Komarova Nina I. , Volcho Konstantin P. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe benzene ring substitution pattern of benzodithiol (I) strongly influences the reaction outcome.