bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No quadriceps muscle weakness following anterior quadratus lumborum block compared with placebo: a randomized, non-inferiority, blinded, volunteer trial
Authors: Tanggaard Katrine , Nielsen Martin Vedel , Holm Ulrik Heiner Ullerup , Hoffmann Balthazar Malmkjær , Bernhoff Charlotte , Andersen Christian HS , Thomassen Sophia S , Hansen Christian , Dam Mette , Poulsen Troels Dirch , Holm Pætur Mikal , Børglum Jens 
Published: May 2024

Background and aimsAnterior quadratus lumborum block is a truncal block, applied in close proximity to the lumbar plexus, potentially causing lower limb weakness. This trial aimed to evaluate whether a unilateral anterior quadratus lumborum block caused quadriceps muscle weakness compared with placebo.MethodsIn this randomized, non-inferiority, triple-blind trial, 20 healthy volunteers received an active unilateral anterior quadratus lumborum block with 30 mL ropivacaine 0.75% and a placebo block on the contralateral side. Primary outcome was change in maximal quadriceps muscle strength from baseline to 60 min postblock compared with placebo. Secondary outcomes were change in single-leg 6 m timed hop test, change in Timed-Up and Go test, change in mean arterial pressure from baseline to 30 min postblock and dermatomal affection.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in changes in maximal quadriceps muscle strength between active and placebo block; 15.88 N (95% CI −12.19 to +43.94), pnon-inf=0.003, indicating non-inferiority. Timed-Up and Go test was performed significantly faster 60 min postblock; −0.23 s (95% CI −0.38 to −0.08, p=0.005). Mean change in mean arterial pressure from baseline to 30 min postblock was 4.25 mm Hg (95% CI 0.24 to 8.26, p=0.04). Dermatome testing revealed an affection primarily of the lower abdomen (Th10-L1) with the active block.ConclusionIn this randomized controlled trial including healthy volunteers a unilateral anterior quadratus lumborum block does not cause statistical or clinical significant motor block of the quadriceps muscle compared with placebo. When administered correctly, the block can be used for procedures where early postoperative mobilization is essential.Trial registration numberNCT05023343.
Extended reality navigation for pain procedures: a narrative review
Authors: Cho James Sungjai , Jotwani Rohan , Chan Stephanie , Thaker Devaunsh Manish , On Jungmin Daniel , Yong R Jason , Hao David 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundExtended reality (XR) technology, encompassing virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality, has been widely studied for procedural navigation in surgical specialties. Similar to how ultrasound transformed regional anesthesia, XR has the potential to reshape how anesthesiologists and pain physicians perform procedures to relieve pain.ObjectiveThis narrative review examines the clinical benefits of XR for navigation in various pain procedures. It defines key terms and concepts related to XR technology and explores characteristics of procedures that are most amenable to XR-based navigation. Finally, it suggests best practices for developing XR navigation systems and discusses the role of emerging technology in the future of XR in regional anesthesia and pain medicine.Evidence reviewA search was performed across PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for primary literature investigating the clinical benefits of XR navigation for pain procedures.FindingsThirteen studies using XR for procedural navigation are included. The evidence includes randomized controlled trials, retrospective studies, and case series.ConclusionsEarly randomized controlled trials show potential for XR to improve procedural efficiency, but more comprehensive research is needed to determine if there are significant clinical benefits. Case reports demonstrate XR’s utility in generating patient-specific navigation plans when difficult anatomy is encountered. Procedures that facilitate the generation and registration of XR images are most conducive to XR navigation, whereas those that rely on frequent re-imaging will continue to depend on traditional modes of navigation.
Predicting quadrupole deformation via anisotropic flow and transverse momentum spectra in isotopic $$\mathbf {{}^{128-135}_{\qquad \,54}\textrm{Xe}}$$ collisions at LHC
Authors: Pandey Saraswati , Singh B. K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the hydrodynamical description of heavy-ion collisions, the elliptic flow $${\textrm{v}}_{2}$$

v
2

and triangular flow $${\textrm{v}}_{3}$$

v
3

are sensitive to the quadrupole deformation $${\beta _{2}}$$

β
2

of the colliding nuclei. We produce $${\textrm{v}}_{2}$$

v
2

and $${\textrm{v}}_{3}$$

v
3

ratios qualitatively and quantitatively in most-central Xe–Xe collisions at 5.44 TeV. By employing HYDJET++ model, we study the sensitivity of anisotropic flow coefficients and mean transverse momentum to the quadrupole deformation and system-size in isotopic Xe–Xe collisions. Flow observables strongly depend on the strength of nucleon–nucleon scattering occurring in even-A and odd-A nuclei. Flow for odd-A nuclei is suppressed in comparison to flow in even-A collisions. There exists a linear inter-dependence between $${\textrm{p}}_{\textrm{T}}$$

p
T

integrated anisotropic flow and nuclear deformation. Mean transverse momentum signifies the fireball temperature in body–body and tip–tip collisions. There exists a negative linear correlation of $$\langle {\textrm{p}}_{\textrm{T}}\rangle $$

⟨

p
T

⟩

with collision system-size and a positive correlation with nuclear deformation. Flow measurements in high-energy, heavy-ion collisions using isotopic collision systems, offer a new precision tool to study nuclear structure physics. Observation of nuclear structure properties like nuclear deformation in a heavy-ion collision such as this would be very interesting.
Möbius group actions in the solvable chimera model
Authors: Jaćimović Vladimir , Crnkić Aladin 
Published: May 2024

We study actions of Möbius group on two sub-populations in the solvable chimera model proposed by Abrams et al. Dynamics of global variables are given by two coupled Watanabe–Strogatz systems, one for each sub-population. At the first glance, asymptotic dynamics in the model seem to be very simple. For instance, in the stable chimera state distributions of oscillators perform a simple rotation after a certain (sufficiently large) moment. However, a closer look unveils that dynamics are subtler that what can be observed from evolution of densities of oscillators’ phases. In order to gain the full picture, one needs to investigate dynamics on the transformation group that acts on these densities. Such an approach emphasizes impact of the “hidden” variable that is not visible on macroscopic level. More precisely, we demonstrate that the chimera model is an intriguing example of the classical system that exhibits the holonomy in fiber bundles of the group of Möbius transformations.
Magnetorheological fluid sedimentation characterization via laser transmittance intensity method
Authors: Zou Zhiyuan , Zhang Honghui , Wang Ning , Zhu Minghui , Pan Kexun , Zhang Dengyou 
Published: May 2024

The sedimentation measurement is of significant importance when designing and synthesizing magnetorheological (MR) fluid for engineering applications. Generally, visual observation is always used to discern the mud line position but knows nothing about the concentration distribution under the mud line. The method using electromagnetic scanning is limited by the position resolution because of the height of the inductor, and the method based on thermal conductivity is time-consuming and determines the sedimentation status at a specific location. In this paper, the sedimentation behavior is revealed by the laser transmittance intensity (LTI) method which is based on scattering when the light passes through the MR fluid, the higher the concentration and the stronger the scattering, the weaker the received light intensity. Specifically, the laser diode and the photodiode were utilized as the light source and receiver, respectively. MR fluid samples in a series of concentrations are used to obtain the correlation between volume fraction and photodiode output voltage, and that is taken as the calibration of the sensing method. In the experiments, the scanning with height and the sensing with time are jointly employed to characterize the settling process of a specific MR fluid.
On-device Online Learning and Semantic Management of TinyML Systems
Authors: Ren Haoyu , Anicic Darko , Li Xue , Runkler Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Recent advances in Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) empower low-footprint embedded devices for real-time on-device Machine Learning (ML). While many acknowledge the potential benefits of TinyML, its practical implementation presents unique challenges. This study aims to bridge the gap between prototyping single TinyML models and developing reliable TinyML systems in production: (1) Embedded devices operate in dynamically changing conditions. Existing TinyML solutions primarily focus on inference, with models trained offline on powerful machines and deployed as static objects. However, static models may underperform in the real world due to evolving input data distributions. We propose online learning to enable training on constrained devices, adapting local models toward the latest field conditions. (2) Nevertheless, current on-device learning methods struggle with heterogeneous deployment conditions and the scarcity of labeled data when applied across numerous devices. We introduce federated meta-learning incorporating online learning to enhance model generalization, facilitating rapid learning. This approach ensures optimal performance among distributed devices by knowledge sharing. (3) Moreover, TinyML’s pivotal advantage is widespread adoption. Embedded devices and TinyML models prioritize extreme efficiency, leading to diverse characteristics ranging from memory and sensors to model architectures. Given their diversity and non-standardized representations, managing these resources becomes challenging as TinyML systems scale up. We present semantic management for the joint management of models and devices at scale. We demonstrate our methods through a basic regression example and then assess them in three real-world TinyML applications: handwritten character image classification, keyword audio classification, and smart building presence detection. The results confirm the effectiveness of our approaches from various perspectives, such as accuracy improvement, resource savings, and engineering effort reduction.
PVRIG is Expressed on Stem-Like T Cells in Dendritic Cell–Rich Niches in Tumors and Its Blockade May Induce Immune Infiltration in Non-Inflamed Tumors
Authors: Alteber Zoya , Cojocaru Gady , Granit Roy Z. , Barbiro Inbal , Wool Assaf , Frenkel Masha , Novik Amit , Shuchami Adi , Liang Yu , Carmi Vered D. , Sabath Niv , Foreman Rob , Petrenko Natalia , He Jiang , Kliger Yossef , Levy-Barda Adva , Eitan Ram , Raban Oded , Sadot Eran , Sulimani Omri , Nathan Abraham Avi , Adewoye Henry , Ferre Pierre , Levine Zurit , Ophir Eran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cancers that are poorly immune infiltrated pose a substantial challenge, with current immunotherapies yielding limited clinical success. Stem-like memory T cells (TSCM) have been identified as a subgroup of T cells that possess strong proliferative capacity and that can expand and differentiate following interactions with dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we explored the pattern of expression of a recently discovered inhibitory receptor poliovirus receptor-related immunoglobulin domain protein (PVRIG) and its ligand, poliovirus receptor-related ligand 2 (PVRL2), in the human tumor microenvironment. Using spatial and single-cell RNA transcriptomics data across diverse cancer indications, we found that among the T-cell checkpoints, PVRIG is uniquely expressed on TSCM and PVRL2 is expressed on DCs in immune aggregate niches in tumors. PVRIG blockade could therefore enhance TSCM–DC interactions and efficiently drive T-cell infiltration to tumors. Consistent with these data, following PVRIG blockade in patients with poorly infiltrated tumors, we observed immune modulation including increased tumor T-cell infiltration, T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality, and intratumoral T-cell expansion, all of which were associated with clinical benefit. These data suggest PVRIG blockade as a promising strategy to induce potent antitumor T-cell responses, providing a novel approach to overcome resistance to immunotherapy in immune-excluded tumors.
Prediabetes Increases the Risk of Frailty in Prefrail Older Adults With Hypertension: Beneficial Effects of Metformin
Authors: Santulli Gaetano , Visco Valeria , Varzideh Fahimeh , Guerra Germano , Kansakar Urna , Gasperi Maurizio , Marro Anna , Wilson Scott , Ferrante Mario Nicola Vittorio , Pansini Antonella , Pirone Armando , Di Lorenzo Francesco , Tartaglia Domenico , Iaccarino Guido , Macina Gaetano , Agyapong Esther Densu , Forzano Imma , Jankauskas Stanislovas S. , Komici Klara , Ciccarelli Michele , Mone Pasquale 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Prediabetes has garnered increasing attention due to its association with cardiovascular conditions, especially hypertension, which heightens the risk of prefrailty and frailty among older individuals.

METHODS:
We screened elders with prefrail hypertension from March 2021 to January 2023. We assessed the correlation linking cognitive dysfunction (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score), insulin resistance (triglyceride-to-glucose index), and physical impairment (5-meter gait speed). Then, we measured the risk of developing frailty after a 1-year follow-up period, adjusting the outcome using multivariable Cox regression analysis. We also investigated the impact of administering 500 mg of metformin once daily to a subset of frail subjects for an additional 6 months.

RESULTS:

We assessed the relationship between the triglyceride-to-glucose index and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, observing a significant correlation (r, 0.880;
P
<0.0001). Similarly, we analyzed the association between the triglyceride-to-glucose index and 5-meter gait speed, uncovering a significant link between insulin resistance and physical impairment (r, 0.809;
P
<0.0001). Prediabetes was found to significantly (
P
<0.0001) elevate the risk of frailty development compared with individuals without prediabetes by the end of the 1-year follow-up, a finding confirmed via multivariable analysis with Cox regression. Furthermore, among the subgroup of subjects who developed frailty, those who received metformin exhibited a significant decrease in frailty levels (
P
<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Insulin resistance and prediabetes play substantial roles in the development of cognitive and physical impairments, highlighting their importance in managing hypertension, even before the onset of frank diabetes. Metformin, a well-established drug for the treatment of diabetes, has shown favorable effects in mitigating frailty.
Sex‐Dependent Manifestations of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Wälchli Thomas , Ndengera Martin , Constanthin Paul E. , Bisschop Jeroen , Morel Sandrine , Gautschi Oliver , Berhouma Moncef , Kalyvas Aristotelis , Monnier Philippe P. , Winkler Ethan A. , Kortman Hans , Bhatia Kartik , Dammann Philipp , Jägersberg Max , Gondar Renato , Schaller Karl , Kwak Brenda R. , Bijlenga Philippe 
Published: May 2024

Background
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are more common in women than in men; however, there is still limited knowledge on sex‐dependent differences regarding aneurysm location, multiplicity, rupture risk, risk factors, and histopathology.

Methods
This cross‐sectional, consecutive cohort study examined whether IAs differ in multiplicity, location, geometry, rupture risk, risk factors, and histology between sexes.

Results
We included 982 patients (714 women, 268 men) totaling 1484 IAs (1056 unruptured, 397 ruptured). A total of 363 patients (36.97%) had multiple IAs, the proportion of which was significantly higher in women. In women, the internal carotid artery (40.79%) was the most frequent location for IAs, whereas in men most were found along the anterior carotid artery territory (32.86%). Men were significantly more often diagnosed with ruptured aneurysms. Aneurysm geometry did not differ between sexes; however, ruptured aneurysms in men presented with a significantly larger neck diameter than unruptured ones. Regarding risk factors for aneurysm rupture, blood pressure control was more effective in women, whereas the effect of smoking status did not show clear sex‐dependent differences. Histologically, wall‐type classification analysis showed significantly more severe aneurysm wall types in men.

Conclusion
IA prevalence in women is significantly higher than in men. Women more often present with multiple IAs, whereas men were more often diagnosed with ruptured IAs. Sex‐specific differences in IA location were identified, whereas geometry of IAs did not differ between sexes. IAs in men showed a more severe histological wall type. Further research is needed to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying these important sex‐dependent manifestations in IAs.
Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Model for Identification of Intracranial Hemorrhage Subtypes on Computed Tomography of the Head
Authors: Hillis James M. , Bizzo Bernardo C. , Newbury‐Chaet Isabella , Mercaldo Sarah F. , Chin John K. , Ghatak Ankita , Halle Madeleine A. , L'Italien Eric , MacDonald Ashley L. , Schultz Alex S. , Buch Karen , Conklin John , Pomerantz Stuart , Rincon Sandra , Dreyer Keith J. , Mehan William A. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Intracranial hemorrhage is a critical finding on computed tomography (CT) of the head. This study compared the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) model (Annalise Enterprise CTB Triage Trauma) to consensus neuroradiologist interpretations in detecting 4 hemorrhage subtypes: acute subdural/epidural hematoma, acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, intra‐axial hemorrhage, and intraventricular hemorrhage.

Methods
A retrospective stand‐alone performance assessment was conducted on data sets of cases of noncontrast CT of the head acquired between 2016 and 2022 at 5 hospitals in the United States for each hemorrhage subtype. The cases were obtained from patients aged ≥18 years. The positive cases were selected on the basis of the original clinical reports using natural language processing and manual confirmation. The negative cases were selected by taking the next negative case acquired from the same CT scanner after positive cases. Each case was interpreted independently by up to 3 neuroradiologists to establish consensus interpretations. Each case was then interpreted by the AI model for the presence of the relevant hemorrhage subtype. The neuroradiologists were provided with the entire CT study. The AI model separately received thin (≤1.5 mm) and thick (>1.5 and ≤5 mm) axial series as available.

Results
The 4 cohorts included 571 cases of acute subdural/epidural hematoma, 310 cases of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, 926 cases of intra‐axial hemorrhage, and 199 cases of intraventricular hemorrhage. The AI model identified acute subdural/epidural hematoma with area under the curve of 0.973 (95% CI, 0.958–0.984) on thin series and 0.942 (95% CI, 0.921–0.959) on thick series; acute subarachnoid hemorrhage with area under the curve 0.993 (95% CI, 0.984–0.998) on thin series and 0.966 (95% CI, 0.945–0.983) on thick series; intraaxial hemorrhage with area under the curve of 0.969 (95% CI, 0.956–0.980) on thin series and 0.966 (95% CI, 0.953–0.976) on thick series; and intraventricular hemorrhage with area under the curve of 0.987 (95% CI, 0.969–0.997) on thin series and 0.983 (95% CI, 0.968–0.994) on thick series. Each finding had at least 1 operating point with sensitivity and specificity >80%.

Conclusion
The assessed AI model accurately identified intracranial hemorrhage subtypes in this CT data set. Its use could assist the clinical workflow, especially through enabling triage of abnormal CTs.
Tenzing 7 Delivery Catheter Performance Across Tortuosity Indices
Authors: Koneru Manisha , Badger Clint A. , Settecase Fabio , English Joey D. , Kim Jaehyun , Khangura Rajkamal S. , Kim Warren T. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Bhattacharyya Meghna , Khalife Jane , Patel Pratit D. , Thomas Ajith J. , Jovin Tudor G. , Tonetti Daniel A. , Shaikh Hamza A. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Early clinical experience with the Tenzing 7 delivery catheter (T7, Route 92 Medical, San Mateo, CA, USA) demonstrates high success rates for intracranial delivery of large bore aspiration catheters. Its soft, flexible, tapered tip mitigates the “ledge effect” that may cause resistance when navigating neurovascular devices through tortuous internal carotid arteries (ICAs) or other arterial branch origin variants. This study aims to characterize T7 performance across ICAs with varying tortuosities.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed of prospectively collected data from patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with aspiration thrombectomy using T7 between January 2020 and July 2022 at 3 stroke centers. The ICA tortuosity index (TI) was derived from the ratio of actual to straight length measurements from anterior‐posterior and lateral projections during digital subtraction angiography. T7 success is defined as delivering the aspiration catheter to the face of the occlusion. Regression analysis between TI and T7 success was performed. Correlations were calculated between TI, ICA grading, puncture‐to‐reperfusion time, number of passes, and final modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction score. Significance was
P

≤
$ \le $

0.05.

Results

Of 107 patients meeting inclusion, median age was 69 (interquartile range 60–81) years, and most occlusions were in the M1 segment (73/107; 68.2%). T7 rate of success was 95.3% (102/107), and there was no association between TI and T7 technical success (
P
= 0.23). Greater TIs and cavernous ICA tortuosity grades were not correlated with worse intraprocedural outcomes (
P
>0.24).

Conclusion
In our multicenter experience, T7 performed well even in highly tortuous extracranial vasculature. Successful aspiration catheter delivery and intraprocedural performance were consistent irrespective of ICA tortuosity. Our findings support the use of T7 in aspiration endovascular thrombectomy for acute stroke for patients with tortuous extracranial vasculature.
The Court as a Policy Information Discoverer: Evidence from China’s Emerging Industries
Authors: Chen Tianhao , Xu Wei , Zhao Jing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the pivotal role that courts play in shaping public policy, particularly in the context of burgeoning industries. It shifts the focus from Constitutional and Supreme Courts to the significant, yet often unnoticed, role of local courts. It proposes that these local courts are uniquely positioned to act as discoverers of vital information for public policy, especially critical in the fast-paced arena of emerging industries where policymakers often lack comprehensive information. This study highlights three key mechanisms used by courts to gather policy-relevant information: collection, scanning, and extraction. These methods help reduce political bias, explore policy boundaries, and propose feasible alternatives. The paper illustrates these processes through six cases from the emerging industry sectors in China, adjudicated by local courts. It emphasizes the necessity for policy practices to take into account the nuanced judicial judgments at the micro level.