bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Nursing Faculty Research: The Iowa Gerontological Nursing Research and Regional Research Consortium Strategies
Authors: Maas Meridean L. , Conn Vicki , Buckwalter Kathleen C. , Herr Keela , Tripp‐Reimer Toni 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPurpose:Research development and regional consortium strategies are described to assist schools in all countries extend their gerontological nursing research productivity. The strategies, collaboration and mentoring experiences, and outcomes are also shared to illustrate a highly successful approach in increasing faculty programs of nursing research in a focused area of inquiry.Design:A case description of gerontological nursing research development and regional consortium strategies in schools of nursing is used. The regional consortium included 17 schools of nursing that are working to increase faculty programs of gerontological nursing research. Survey responses describing publications, presentations, and research funding awards from 65 of 114 total faculty participants in consortium opportunities (pilot and mentoring grant participants, participants in summer scholars’ grantsmanship seminars) were collected annually from 1995 through 2008 to describe outcomes.Findings:From 1994 through 2008, faculty participants from the consortium schools who responded to the annual surveys reported a total of 597 gerontological nursing publications, 527 presentations at research conferences, funding of 221 small and internal grants, and 130 external grant awards, including 47R‐series grants and 4 K awards.Conclusions:There is an urgent need for more nurse faculty with programs of research to inform the health care of persons and support the preparation of nurse clinicians and faculty. The shortage of nurse scientists with active programs of gerontological research is especially serious and limits the number of faculty who are needed to prepare future gerontological nurses, particularly those with doctoral degrees who will assume faculty positions. Further, junior faculty with a gerontological nursing research foci often lack the colleagues, mentors, and environments needed to develop successful research careers. The outcomes of the development and regional consortium strategies suggest that the principles of extending collaboration, mentoring, and resource sharing are useful to augment faculty research opportunities, networking and support, and to increase productivity in individual schools.Clinical Relevance:Clinical relevance includes: (a) implications for preparing nurse scientists and academicians who are and will be needed to train nurses for clinical practice, and (b) development of more faculty programs of research to provide systematic evidence to inform nursing practice.
Factors That Influence the Presence of a Hospice in a Rural Community
Authors: Campbell Cathy L. , Merwin Elizabeth , Yan Guofen 
Published: November 2009

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify socioeconomic, physician‐related, and rural‐urban factors that may influence the presence of a Medicare‐certified hospice in three rural‐urban areas. Design: This was secondary analysis of selected socioeconomic, physician‐related, and rural‐urban data from 3,140 counties using the 2005 Area Resource File, a county‐level database. The county was the unit of analysis. Methods: Descriptive statistics were calculated for selected socioeconomic, physician, and rural‐urban variables for the data set of 3,140 counties. Logistic regression was used to identify variables that influenced the presence of a Medicare‐certified hospice across three rural‐urban areas. Findings: As the rural‐urban classification progressed from metropolitan (least rural) to rural‐nonadjacent (most rural), the physician rate, racial‐ethnic diversity, and number of counties with at least one Medicare‐certified hospice decreased. However, in all three rural‐urban areas only the physician rate was consistently significantly associated with the presence of a Medicare‐certified hospice. Conclusions: Given the increasing numbers of patients and families who will be facing end‐of‐life care issues across the globe, access to hospice care is a significant end‐of‐life outcome. The most rural communities are least likely to have a Medicare‐certified hospice. The higher the physician rate, the more likely a county is to have a Medicare‐certified hospice. The Medicare Hospice Benefit's regulations requiring a physician's certification of terminal illness may be creating a barrier to hospice care, especially in rural communities. In this study, racial‐ethnic diversity decreased as the rural‐urban classification progressed from metropolitan (least rural) to rural‐adjacent to metro to rural‐nonadjacent (the most rural). The availability of Medicare‐certified hospices in the metro and rural nonadjacent counties was influenced by the minority composition of the county. More research is needed on how the interaction of rurality, race‐ethnicity, and physician access may affect access to hospice in rural communities. Clinical Relevance: Increasing numbers of patients and their families across the globe will be facing end‐of‐life care. One of the most common barriers to end‐of‐life care in rural communities all over the world is physician availability. People living in rural communities with few physicians may experience less access to the comprehensive services of hospice than people living in metropolitan communities and therefore not realize important end‐of‐life outcomes such as symptom management, improved quality of life, financial support, and bereavement support.
Subsistence and semi‐subsistence farming in selected EU new member states
Authors: Davidova Sophia , Fredriksson Lena , Bailey Alastair 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFactor analysis and cluster analysis are used to analyze the attitudes and perceptions of agricultural households toward farming, commercialization, and barriers to and drivers for increased integration in agricultural markets. Data come from farms in five EU New Member States. The contribution of unsold output to total household income is valued. Stepwise linear regression is employed to detect variables useful in explaining the degree of agricultural market integration of farm households. The analysis indicates that subsistence farming is of utmost importance for the rural poor, particularly in Bulgaria and Romania. The proportion of consumption from own production, manual cultivation techniques, and distance to an urban center are negatively correlated with output sales. Rural development policies targeted at rural physical and market infrastructure might relieve some of these constraints.
Is there a future for small farms in developed countries? Evidence from the French case
Authors: Aubert Magali , Perrier‐Cornet Philippe 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis research aims to identify the specific characteristics of small farms in developed countries and the factors that influence their survival and growth. Using the case of France, we employ statistical and econometric analysis of data from the Farm Structure Survey (N = 70,000) for the period 2000–2007. The principal findings suggest that small farms are no more likely than other farms to employ “alternative” strategies to the predominant model of increasing farm size, nor are they more likely to diversify on‐farm activities or operate under quality‐labeled production systems, with the notable exception of organic agriculture. However, where small farms do adopt or practice these activities, they are seen to have a favorable effect in ensuring their survival and growth. In contrast, we are unable to conclude that pluriactivity of farm households has a positive impact on the survival of small enterprises. The effect of geographical location on small farms is largely expressed in their concentration in mountainous or disadvantaged regions. Overall, the trajectory of small farms is marked by farm exit, principally as the result of farmers retiring at the end of their careers. The small farm sector is also revitalized by both larger farms declining and thus being reclassified as small farms, as well as the progressive entry into agriculture of small farm holders whose income was previously derived largely off‐farm.
Small producers, supermarkets, and the role of intermediaries in Turkey's fresh fruit and vegetable market
Authors: Bignebat Céline , Koç Ahmet Ali , Lemeilleur Sylvaine 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA wide range of empirical studies show the extent to which the rise of supermarkets in developing countries transforms domestic marketing channels. In many countries, the exclusion of small producers from so‐called dynamic marketing channels (that is, remunerative ones) has become a concern. Based on data collected in Turkey in 2007 at the producer and the wholesale market levels, we show that intermediaries are important to understanding the impact of downstream restructuring (supermarkets) on upstream decisions (producers). Results show first that producers are not aware of the final buyer of their produce, because intermediaries hinder the visibility of the marketing channel, thereby restricting a producer's choice to that of the first intermediary. Econometric results show that producers who are indirectly linked to the supermarkets are more sensitive to their requirements in terms of quality and packaging than to the price premia compensating the effort made to meet standards. Therefore, the results lead us to question the role of the wholesale market agents who act as a buffer in the chain and protect small producers from negative shocks, but who stop positive shocks as well, and thereby reduce incentives.
Association of IL‐1 gene complex members with ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese Han population
Authors: Guo Z. S. , Li C. , Lin Z. M. , Huang J. X. , Wei Q. J. , Wang X. W. , Xie Y. Y. , Liao Z. T. , Chao S. Y. , Gu J. R. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThere are reports of IL‐1 complex gene polymorphisms in ankylosing spondylitis (AS; MIM 106300), but the results have been inconsistent among populations. Moreover, few studies examine the association between IL‐1 complex gene polymorphisms and clinical symptoms of AS patients. We investigated polymorphisms of IL‐1 complex with AS in the Chinese Han population in this study. Chinese Han AS patients and ethnically matched healthy controls were genotyped for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (IL1β+3953, β‐511, F10.3, RN.4, RN.6/1) and the IL1RN.VNTR of IL‐1 gene cluster. Allele, Genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls by SHEsis software. The frequency of allele C of the marker IL1F10.3 was significantly increased in AS patients versus controls [p = 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–1.20;p = 0.002, respectively]. Strong linkage disequilibrium was identified between IL1B‐511, IL1B+3953 and RN4 in both patients and healthy controls (D′ > 0.95). Haplotypes of pairs of these markers (6) were also significantly associated with AS. The strongest associations observed was between allele combination B‐511‐T/B+3953‐C/F10.3‐C/RN4‐T/RN2VNTR‐1/RN6.1‐C and AS (p = 3.32 × 10−5, OR = 4.41, 95% CI=2.1–9.3). Clinical manifestation showed week association between RN2VNTR A2 allele and risk of peripheral arthritis (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.07–0.91). The IL‐1 gene cluster is associated with AS in Chinese population. This finding provides strong statistical support for the previously observed relationship and indicates possible association between clinical manifestation and genetic factor.
People, Space and Place: a Multidimensional Analysis of Unemployment in Metropolitan Labour Markets
Authors: BAUM SCOTT , MITCHELL WILLIAM F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly apparent that, in order to understand a range of socio‐economic outcomes, research needs to be focused on a multi‐dimensional approach that accounts for individual characteristics and behaviours together with locality and activity within space and place. Within labour market analysis there is a need to situate empirical analysis within a conceptual framework that considers both the assets of individuals within the labour force and the social and local labour market contexts in which they find themselves. Using a broad notion of employability, this paper develops an analysis of unemployment in Australia's metropolitan labour markets. Specifically it uses a combination of individual survey data and aggregate labour market data to consider the associations between these multi‐level factors. It finds that, while individual characteristics are important in understanding unemployment in metropolitan areas, it is equally the case that the strength of spatially distinct labour markets also plays a role. The paper reaches the conclusion that, while contemporary labour market policy tends to focus on individual characteristics, there is a need to widen the policy understanding of labour market outcomes so that other broader contexts, including the impact of space and place, are also seen as being influential.
Towards Robust Development of Retail Planning Policy: Maintaining the Viability and Vitality of Main Street Shopping Precincts
Authors: BAKER ROBERT G.V. , WOOD STEPHEN 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe deregulation of shopping hours has created a fluid environment where time‐poor, affluent and mobile households can access shopping opportunities away from traditional retail precincts. The consequence has been the substantial decline of the viability and vitality of many main streets in eastern Australia. This greater temporal fluidity, however, requires stronger land use regulations if traditional town or suburb main streets are to maintain economic viability and social vitality. A suite of simple definitions of retail form are suggested and a number of assessment guidelines are proposed as meeting the requirements for more robust retail development assessment, including considerations of the geography of localities, place and the built form environment.
Immigrants in the Labour Market: Transnationalism and Segmentation
Authors: Lusis Tom , Bauder Harald 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVarious theories speak towards the labour market segmentation of an immigrant workforce. Theoretical frameworks such as Dual Labour Market Theory or Hierarchy Theory provide some value in outlining why immigrants are often found in the least desirable forms of employment. However, most theories do not consider the phenomenon of immigrant transnationalism and how forces at multiple scales shape labour market trajectories. In this paper we argue that traditional theories primarly consider socioeconomic factors in destination countries, and focus on factors at the local or national scale of analysis. In contrast, the literature on transnationalism illustrates how socioeconomic processes that operate at the global scale also influence the employment trajectories of immigrants. The integration of transnationalism with traditional labour market theories therefore provides a more complete picture when trying to understand the segmentation of an immigrant workforce.
Lythrum hyssopifolia (lesser loosestrife) poisoning of sheep in Victoria
Authors: Lancaster MJ , Nimmo JS , Lenghaus C , Gill IJ , Crawford RD , Badman RT , Samuel JL , Werner CJ , Button C , Kvalheim N 
Published: November 2009

Objective  To document an ovine disease attributed to the consumption of Lythrum hyssopifolia (lesser loosestrife).Procedures  Historical and histological review of field and experimental cases.Results  1–20% mortality occurred in sheep flocks grazing paddocks where L. hyssopifolia was the predominant green vegetation. Well‐documented disease outbreaks occurred in summer on nine farms across Victoria between 1974 and 2002. Liver damage occurred in all nine outbreaks, with kidney damage in at least eight. Hepatocyte necrosis was usually zonal to midzonal (zone 2) in the liver samples from four farms and periacinar (zone 3) in those from three farms, but some livers showed only single‐cell necrosis. Multinucleate hepatocytes near necrotic areas were a feature in six cases. Proximal tubular epithelium appeared to be the primary renal target and brown granules were often present in renal tubules. Biochemical and histological evidence of liver and kidney damage was obtained from two sheep experimentally pen‐fed harvested L. hyssopifolia.Conclusion  Chemicals in L. hyssopifolia are toxic to ovine hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells.
Fescue‐associated oedema of horses grazing on endophyte‐inoculated tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea) pastures
Authors: Bourke CA , Hunt E , Watson R 
Published: November 2009

A new form of toxicity called equine fescue oedema is described. The clinical signs included inappetence, depression, and subcutaneous oedema of the head, neck, chest and abdomen. Affected horses had very low plasma albumin values.The toxicity affected 48 of 56 horses on six farms in different states of Australia, and 4 horses have died. All horses were grazing pastures that had been sown with varieties of Mediterranean tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) that carry the endophyte known as Max P or Max Q. It is proposed that a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, N‐acetyl norloline, which is produced by the Max P endophyte, may be responsible for this new toxicity in horses.
Direct Measurement of the Ultraviolet Absorption Coefficient of Single Retinal Melanosomes
Authors: Peles Dana N. , Simon John D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA novel approach to photoemission electron microscopy is used to enable the first direct measurement of the absorption coefficient from intact melanosomes isolated from bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells. The difference in absorption between newborn and adult melanosomes is in good agreement with that predicted from the relative amounts of the monomeric precursors present in the constituent melanin as determined by chemical degradation analyses. The results demonstrate that for melanosomes containing eumelanins, there is a direct relation between the absorption coefficient and the relative 5,6‐dihydroxyindole: 5,6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid (DHI:DHICA) content, with an increased UV absorption coefficient associated with increasing DHICA content.
Comparison of UV‐absorbing Nets in Pepper Crops: Spectral Properties, Effects on Plants and Pest Control
Authors: Legarrea Saioa , Karnieli Arnon , Fereres Alberto , Weintraub Phyllis G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn horticultural crops, the use of screens to protect plants is the usual strategy in the Mediterranean area. Screen manufacturers offer a range of netting that vary in their UV‐absorbing properties. We compared the photoeffects of seven different screens. Sweet pepper trials were conducted at the Gilat Research Center, Israel, where the spectral properties of the nets and their influence on pest infestation and crop development were evaluated. UV transmittance varied among the materials studied ranging from 40% to 70% of the incident radiation. BioNet white and P‐Optinet, which absorbed and reflected the highest amount of UV radiation, performed the best protection against the main pepper pest (thrips, whiteflies and broad mites). Spectral measurements also showed that the photosynthetically active radiation differentially penetrated the nets, which together with the amount of UV absorbed by the screenings, resulted in a range of plant height and chlorophyll content. A global understanding of the UV‐absorbing nets’ effect on pepper crops and their pests was evaluated in this work because of the importance of these screens to integrated pest management and sustainable agriculture production.
Influence of Intra‐articular Neutrophils on the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy for Murine MRSA Arthritis
Authors: Tanaka Masamitsu , Kinoshita Manabu , Yoshihara Yasuo , Shinomiya Nariyoshi , Seki Shuhji , Nemoto Koichi , Morimoto Yuji 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTAlthough there have been some reports about the cytotoxic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on multidrug‐resistant bacteria, there have been few reports in which favorable results of PDT on a local infection site are described. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that the low efficacy of PDT on a local infection site is due to the cytotoxic effect of PDT on leukocytes. PDT using Photofrin® exerted significant cytotoxicity for cultured methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Nevertheless, this therapeutic modality was not effective for a murine MRSA arthritis model. Approximately 30% of intra‐articular leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, died immediately after PDT, and a further decrease in the number of intra‐articular leukocytes and atrophy of the synovial tissue were seen 24 h after PDT. Isolated peripheral neutrophils showed significant affinity for Photofrin® and showed significant morphological damage, resulting in cell death, when they were subject to PDT using Photofrin®. These results indicate that intra‐articular neutrophils have an influence on the effects of PDT for MRSA arthritis.
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Measurements in One of the Most Populous Cities of the World: Aspects Related to Skin Cancer Cases and Vitamin D Availability
Authors: De Paula Corrêa Marcelo , Ceballos Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA number of studies published in the scientific literature have shown the relationship between sun exposure and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and vitamin D synthesis. However, the paucity of medical data, particularly in developing countries, hampers a global assessment of the impact of sun exposure on NMSC and vitamin D. To improve knowledge on this subject, this paper presents UV index (UVI) measurements performed in São Paulo City (SPC) in the period 2005–2008. It was found that 65% of the UVI measured 2 h around local noon during the summer show very high (8 < UVI < 10) and extreme (UVI > 11) levels according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. During the winter, 40% of the measurements around noontime show high or very high levels. In spite of worrisome recent statistics from SPC, showing that NMSCs make up about 28% of over a million of new cases of cancer in 2008, sun protection is not considered a real problem in these urban areas. UV measurements also show that every month of the year UV levels are high enough to ensure vitamin D production in human skin from incidental sun exposure.
Effect of Bridging Units on Photophysical and DNA Binding Properties of a Few Cyclophanes
Authors: Neelakandan Prakash P. , Sanju Krishnankutty S. , Ramaiah Danaboyina 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA few novel anthracene‐based cyclophanes CP‐1, CP‐2 and CP‐3 were synthesized and their interactions with DNA were investigated employing photophysical and biophysical techniques. In methanol and acetonitrile, these systems exhibited optical properties characteristic of the anthracene chromophore. However, in the aqueous medium, the symmetric cyclophane CP‐1 showed a dual emission having λmax at 430 and 550 nm, due to the monomer and excimer, respectively. In contrast, the cyclophanes CP‐2 and CP‐3 in the aqueous medium showed structured anthracene absorption and emission spectra similar to those obtained in methanol and acetonitrile. DNA binding studies indicate that CP‐1 undergoes efficient nonclassical partial intercalative interactions with DNA resulting in the exclusive formation of a sandwich‐type excimer having enhanced emission intensity and lifetimes. The cyclophane CP‐2 having one anthracene moiety exhibited nonclassical intercalative binding with DNA, albeit with less efficiency compared with CP‐1. In contrast, CP‐3, having sterically bulky viologen bridging group showed DNA electrostatic as well as groove binding interactions. These results demonstrate that the nature of the bridging unit plays an important role in the binding mode of the cyclophanes with DNA and in the formation of the novel sandwich‐type excimer.