bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium efficacy in a rat spinal cord injury model
Authors: Wiseman Diana Barrett , Dailey Andrew T. , Lundin David , Zhou Jiegang , Lipson Adam , Falicov Alexis , Shaffrey Christopher I. 
Published: May 2009

Object
Magnesium has been shown to have neuroprotective properties in short-term spinal cord injury (SCI) studies. The authors evaluated the efficacy of magnesium, methylprednisolone, and magnesium plus methylprednisolone in a rat SCI model.

Methods
A moderate-to-severe SCI was produced at T9–10 in rats, which then received saline, magnesium, methylprednisolone, or magnesium plus methylprednisolone within 10 minutes of injury. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) motor score was evaluated weekly, beginning on postinjury Day 1. After 4 weeks, the rats' spinal cords were evaluated histologically to determine myelin index and gross white matter sparing. A second experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of delayed administration (8, 12, or 24 hours postinjury) of magnesium on recovery.

Results
The mean BBB scores at 4 weeks showed that rats in which magnesium was administered (BBB Score 6.9 ± 3.9) recovered better than controls (4.2 ± 2.0, p < 0.01). Insufficient numbers of animals receiving methylprednisolone were available for analysis because of severe weight loss. The rats given magnesium within 8 hours of injury had better motor recovery at 4 weeks than control animals (13.8 ± 3.7 vs 8.6 ± 5.1, p < 0.01) or animals in which magnesium was administered at 12 or 24 hours after injury (p < 0.01).
Steroids (30.2%), magnesium (32.3%), and a combination of these (42.3%) had a significant effect on white matter sparing (p < 0.05), but the effect was not synergistic (p > 0.8). Neither steroids nor magnesium had a significant effect on the myelin index (p > 0.1).

Conclusions
The rats receiving magnesium had significantly better BBB motor scores and white matter sparing 4 weeks after moderate-to-severe SCI than control animals. In addition, the groups given steroids only or magnesium and steroids had improved white matter sparing, although the limited numbers of animals reaching the study end point makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the utility of steroids in this model. The optimal timing of magnesium administration appears to be within 8 hours of injury.
High Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Determines the Subset of Patients with Early-Stage Rheumatoid Arthritis with High Serum C-Reactive Protein, Matrix Metalloproteinase-3, and MRI-Proven Bone Erosion
Authors: FUJIKAWA KEITA , KAWAKAMI ATSUSHI , TAMAI MAMI , UETANI MASATAKA , TAKAO SHOICHIRO , ARIMA KAZUHIKO , IWAMOTO NAOKI , ARAMAKI TOSHIYUKI , KAWASHIRI SHINYA , ICHINOSE KUNIHIRO , KAMACHI MAKOTO , NAKAMURA HIDEKI , ORIGUCHI TOMOKI , IDA HIROAKI , AOYAGI KIYOSHI , EGUCHI KATSUMI 
Published: May 2009

Objective.To identify the significance of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a marker of cartilage turnover, in patients with early-stage rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to other serologic variables and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.Methods.Ninety-eight patients with early-stage RA, whose disease duration from onset was less than 2 years, were enrolled. The objective measures at baseline were Disease Activity Score (DAS28), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), serum antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), and MRI features of both wrist and finger joints. The MRI features included the number of sites scored positive for synovitis, bone edema, and bone erosion.Results.Serum COMP concentration was not different among groups identified with low, moderate, and high DAS28-CRP values. However, COMP values were statistically high in subjects positive for bone erosions on MRI compared with the subjects who were negative for bone erosions. A positive correlation of COMP with CRP and with MMP-3 values was also identified.Conclusion.Elevation of COMP may reflect joint damage that is dependent on the synovial inflammatory process in early-stage RA.
Media Education as a Development Project: Connecting Emancipatory Interests and Governance in India
Authors: Das Biswajit 
Published: May 2009

The recent explosion of communication tools and services within last two decades has posed new questions that are beyond the comprehension of existing pedagogy in Indian Comm unication Studies. Indian society has witnessed a widespread proliferation of media technologies to such an extent that they have become ubiquitous in society. Media education, in In dia, however, remains an almost unexplored area of studies. This contribution puts forward the need for Media education far from a non-elitist point of view and proposes this Media education as a new pedagogy although its efficiency has not been proved convincingly yet.
La reciente explosión de las herramientas y servicios de comunicación, durante las últimas dos décadas, ha planteado nuevas preguntas más allá de la comprensión de la pedagogía actual en los estudios de comunicación en la India. La sociedad india ha sido testigo de una muy extensa proliferación de tecnologías mediáticas, a tal grado que se han vuelto ubicuas en el entorno social. Sin embargo, la educación en medios en India sigue siendo un área de estudios casi inexplo rada. Esta contribución plantea la necesidad de una educación mediática desde una perspectiva no elitista al mismo tiempo que propone su posicionamiento como una nueva pedagogía aun reconociendo que los resultados de la investigación sobre la efectividad de la educación mediática son prácticamente inexistentes.
Media Education beyond School
Authors: Camps-Cervera Victoria 
Published: May 2009

Education in and for the media is doubtlessly necessary and is very slowly slipping into regular education, but not very satisfactorily. This work must be fleshed out by the media’s effort to take some responsibility for the educational work as well, not by educating directly, but by trying to match their broadcasts with the values that education is trying to convey. Audiovisual Councils can play a role in driving media education, helping the educational system to meet its responsibility to educate children to use properly the television, the Internet and other regular screens habitually surrounding them. At the same time, these Councils can help media professionals enforce and interpret legislation about audiovisual contents freely and responsibly, thereby facilitating self-regulation. The article contributes the experience garnered by the Audiovisual Council of Catalonia in promoting media literacy.
La educación en y para los medios de comunicación es una necesidad indudable que, muy lentamente y de forma poco satisfactoria, se está introduciendo en la educación reglada. Dicha labor, por otra parte, debería verse complementada por un esfuerzo de los medios audiovisuales de hacerse responsables también de la tarea educativa, no educando directamente, pero sí procurando que sus emisiones fueran coherentes con los valores que la educación procura transmitir. Los Consejos Audiovisuales pueden ejercer una función en el impulso de la educación en medios, propiciando que el sistema educativo asuma la responsabilidad de formar a los menores para el buen uso de la televisión, de Internet y del resto de «pantallas» que constituyen su entorno habitual. Al mismo tiempo dichos Consejos están en condiciones de ayudar a los profesionales de los medios a aplicar e interpretar la legislación relativa a los contenidos audiovisuales de una forma libre y responsable, facilitando de este modo la autorregulación. El artículo aporta las experiencias realizadas por el Consejo Audiovisual de Cataluña para promover la alfabetización mediática.
Indirect adaptive control of a class of marine vehicles
Authors: Morel Yannick , Leonessa Alexander 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA nonlinear adaptive framework for bounded‐error tracking control of a class of non‐minimum phase marine vehicles is presented. The control algorithm relies on a special set of tracking errors to achieve satisfactory tracking performance while guaranteeing stable internal dynamics. First, the design of a model‐based nonlinear control law, guaranteeing asymptotic stability of the error dynamics, is presented. This control algorithm solves the tracking problem for the considered class of marine vehicles, assuming full knowledge of the system model. Then, the analysis of the zero‐dynamics is carried out, which illustrates the efficacy of the chosen set of tracking errors in stabilizing the internal dynamics. Finally, an indirect adaptive technique, relying on a partial state predictor, is used to address parametric uncertainties in the model. The resulting adaptive control algorithm guarantees Lyapunov stability of the errors and parameter estimates, as well as asymptotic convergence of the errors to zero. Numerical simulations illustrate the performance of the adaptive algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicompartmental Microcylinders
Authors: Bhaskar Srijanani , Hitt Jonathon , Chang Sei‐Won Laura , Lahann Joerg 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFarbenprächtige Säulen: Eine einfache und dabei skalierbare Methode zur Herstellung multikompartimentalisierter Mikrozylinder, bei denen innerer Aufbau, Seitenverhältnis und Oberfläche gezielt eingestellt werden können, nutzt elektrohydrodynamisches Spinnen und Mikroabtrennen. Die Kompartimente werden mithilfe verschiedenfarbiger Farbstoffe unterschieden (siehe CLSM‐Bilder; Maßstab: 10 μm).magnified image
Facile Dissociation of [(LNiII)2E2] Dichalcogenides: Evidence for [LNiIIE2] Superselenides and Supertellurides in Solution
Authors: Yao Shenglai , Xiong Yun , Zhang Xinhao , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut , Milsmann Carsten , Driess Matthias 
Published: May 2009

AbstractKern‐Spaltung mit Spinwechsel: Die diamagnetischen schmetterlingsartigen Dichalkogen‐Komplexe 1 und 2 mit zweikernigem {NiII2E2}‐Gerüst dissoziieren in Lösung unter Spin‐Crossover und bilden die ungewöhnlichen einkernigen paramagnetischen Superselenid‐ 1′ bzw. Supertelluridspezies 2′ neben dem Nickel(I)‐Fragment [LNiI]; R=2,6‐Diisopropylphenyl.magnified image
CH Hydroxylation Using a Heterocyclic Catalyst and Aqueous H2O2
Authors: Litvinas Nichole D. , Brodsky Benjamin H. , Du Bois J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSubstituierte Benzoxathiazine wirken als Katalysatoren für die selektive Hydroxylierung tertiärer C‐H‐Bindungen. Mechanistische Studien offenbaren eine unerwartete Abweichung zwischen der Reaktivität der Oxaziridine und ihrer katalytischen Aktivität und führten zur Entwicklung eines neuen Katalysators, der solche Reaktionen in wässrigem H2O2 vermittelt (siehe Schema).magnified image
Multicompartmental Microcylinders
Authors: Bhaskar Srijanani , Hitt Jonathon , Chang Sei‐Won Laura , Lahann Joerg 
Published: May 2009

AbstractColorful columns: A simple yet scalable method that yields multicompartmental microcylinders with controllable internal architectures, aspect ratios, and controlled surface modification uses electrohydrodynamic co‐spinning followed by microsectioning. Compartments are discriminated by different colored dyes (see CLSM images; scale bars=10.0 μm).magnified image
A novel guide catheter enabling intracranial placement
Authors: Hurley Michael C. , Sherma Arun K. , Surdell Daniel , Shaibani Ali , Bendok Bernard R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe describe use of a novel guide, catheter with a soft and pliable, 6‐cm or 12‐cm distal segment that enables distal, including intracranial, placement—the Neuron guide catheter (Penumbra, San Leandro, CA)—in the treatment of 11 cases with a range of neuroendovascular lesions. We were able to advance the Neuron guide catheter to the intended level in each case and suffered no complications related to catheter spasm, dissection, thrombosis or thromboembolism. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grueneberg ganglion olfactory subsystem employs a cGMP signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Cambrian Y. , Fraser Scott E. , Koos David S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe mammalian olfactory sense employs several olfactory subsystems situated at characteristic locations in the nasal cavity to detect and report on different classes of odors. These olfactory subsystems use different neuronal signal transduction pathways, receptor expression repertoires, and axonal projection targets. The Grueneberg ganglion (GG) is a newly appreciated olfactory subsystem with receptor neurons located just inside of the nostrils that project axons to a unique domain of interconnected glomeruli in the caudal olfactory bulb. It is not well understood how the GG relates to other olfactory subsystems in contributing to the olfactory sense. Furthermore, the range of chemoreceptors and the signal transduction cascade utilized by the GG have remained mysterious. To resolve these unknowns, we explored the molecular relationship between the GG and the GC‐D neurons, another olfactory subsystem that innervates similarly interconnected glomeruli in the same bulbar region. We found that mouse GG neurons express the cGMP‐associated signaling proteins phosphodiesterase 2a, cGMP‐dependent kinase II, and cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit A3 coupled to a chemoreceptor repertoire of cilia‐localized particulate guanylyl cyclases (pGC‐G and pGC‐A). The primary cGMP signaling pathway of the GG is shared with the GC‐D neurons, unifying their target glomeruli as a unique center of olfactory cGMP signal transduction. However, the distinct chemoreceptor repertoire in the GG suggests that the GG is an independent olfactory subsystem. This subsystem is well suited to detect a unique set of odors and to mediate behaviors that remained intact in previous olfactory perturbations. J. Comp. Neurol. 516:36–48, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Projections from the accessory olfactory organ into the medial region of the olfactory bulb in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): A novel vertebrate sensory structure?
Authors: Ren Xiang , Chang Steven , Laframboise Alyson , Green Warren , Dubuc Réjean , Zielinski Barbara 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough four different primary olfactory pathways have been described in tetrapod vertebrates, polymorphic olfactory sensory neurons comingle in the olfactory epithelium and project axons into separate bulbar regions in teleost fish. However, spatially segregated neurons may exist in the peripheral olfactory organ of lampreys, extant representatives of ancestral jawless vertebrates. In lampreys, the caudoventral portion of the peripheral olfactory organ contains tubular diverticula, named the accessory olfactory organ (AOO). Short, ciliated AOO cells were retrogradely labelled following application of biocytin or carbocyanine dyes to the medial region of the olfactory bulb. Tracer application to eight radial locations within the layer of glomeruli with mitral cells, of the olfactory bulb, showed that AOO projections were restricted to the medial region of the olfactory bulb. The outer boundary of the AOO projection extended to the ventromedial region of glomerular neuropil in 43% of the specimens. The olfactory sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium projected to glomerular neuropil throughout the olfactory bulb, including sparse projections to the medial region of the olfactory bulb. This study shows that these AOO neurons and their projections in the medial region of the olfactory bulb are anatomically distinct regions of the primary olfactory pathway in the sea lamprey. J. Comp. Neurol. 516:105–116, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efferent innervation to the auditory basilar papilla of scincid lizards
Authors: Wibowo Erik , Brockhausen Jennifer , Köppl Christine 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHair cells of the inner ear of vertebrates are innervated by afferent neurons that transmit sensory information to the brain as well as efferent neurons that receive feedback from the brainstem. The function of the efferent feedback system is poorly understood and may have changed during evolution when different tetrapod groups acquired sensitivity to airborne sound and extended their hearing ranges to higher frequencies. Lizards show a unique subdivision of their basilar papilla (homologous to the mammalian organ of Corti) into a low‐frequency (<1 kHz) and a high‐frequency (approximately 1–5 kHz) region. The high‐frequency region was reported to have lost its efferent innervation, suggesting it was insignificant or even functionally detrimental at higher frequencies. We re‐examined the innervation to the basilar papilla of five species of Australian scincid lizards, by using immunohistochemistry. Anti‐choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was used as an efferent marker. Co‐localization with anti‐synaptic vesicle protein 2 confirmed the synaptic identity of label. Cholinergic terminals were observed along the whole length of the basilar papilla, including the regions that had previously been described as devoid of efferent innervation. However, there was a clear decrease in terminal density from apical, low‐frequency to basal, high‐frequency locations. Our findings suggest that efferent innervation is a general feature of the hair cells in the basilar papilla of lizards, irrespective of tonotopic location. This re‐enforces the notion that efferent feedback control of hair cells is a fundamental and important property of all vertebrate hearing organs. J. Comp. Neurol. 516:74–85, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein kinase D isoforms are expressed in rat and mouse primary sensory neurons and are activated by agonists of protease‐activated receptor 2
Authors: Amadesi Silvia , Grant Andrew D. , Cottrell Graeme S. , Vaksman Natalya , Poole Daniel P. , Rozengurt Enrique , Bunnett Nigel W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSerine proteases generated during injury and inflammation cleave protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) on primary sensory neurons to induce neurogenic inflammation and hyperalgesia. Hyperalgesia requires sensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels by mechanisms involving phospholipase C and protein kinase C (PKC). The protein kinase D (PKD) serine/threonine kinases are activated by diacylglycerol and PKCs and can phosphorylate TRPV1. Thus, PKDs may participate in novel signal transduction pathways triggered by serine proteases during inflammation and pain. However, it is not known whether PAR2 activates PKD, and the expression of PKD isoforms by nociceptive neurons is poorly characterized. By using HEK293 cells transfected with PKDs, we found that PAR2 stimulation promoted plasma membrane translocation and phosphorylation of PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, indicating activation. This effect was partially dependent on PKCϵ. By immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, with antibodies against PKD1/PKD2 and PKD3 and neuronal markers, we found that PKDs were expressed in rat and mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, including nociceptive neurons that expressed TRPV1, PAR2, and neuropeptides. PAR2 agonist induced phosphorylation of PKD in cultured DRG neurons, indicating PKD activation. Intraplantar injection of PAR2 agonist also caused phosphorylation of PKD in neurons of lumbar DRG, confirming activation in vivo. Thus, PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 are expressed in primary sensory neurons that mediate neurogenic inflammation and pain transmission, and PAR2 agonists activate PKDs in HEK293 cells and DRG neurons in culture and in intact animals. PKD may be a novel component of a signal transduction pathway for protease‐induced activation of nociceptive neurons and an important new target for antiinflammatory and analgesic therapies. J. Comp. Neurol. 516:141–156, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Photophysics of a New Fluorenyl Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Morales Alma R. , Schafer‐Hales Katherine J. , Yanez Ciceron O. , Bondar Mykhailo V. , Przhonska Olga V. , Marcus Adam I. , Belfield Kevin D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe steady‐state photophysical, NMR, and two‐photon absorption (2PA) properties of a new fluorene derivative (1) containing the 2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) terminal construct is investigated for use as a fluorescence probe in bioimaging. A comprehensive analysis of the linear spectral properties reveals inter‐ and intramolecular hydrogen bonding and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) processes in the HBT substituent. A specific electronic model with a double minimum potential energy surface is consistent with the observed spectral properties. The 2PA spectra are obtained using a standard two‐photon induced fluorescence method with a femtosecond kHz laser system, affording a maximum 2PA cross section of ∼600 GM, a sufficiently high value for two‐photon fluorescence imaging. No dependence of two‐photon absorption efficiency on solvent properties and hydrogen bonding in the HBT substituent is observed. The potential use of this fluorenyl probe in bioimaging is demonstrated via one‐ and two‐photon fluorescence imaging of COS‐7 cells.
An opportunistic routing mechanism for real‐time voice service in mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Zhen Y. , Wu M. Q. , Wu D. P. , Sun B. , Li X. Y. , Xu C. X. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe opportunistic routing mechanism can use several lossy broadcast links to support reliable transmission. In this paper, a simple opportunistic routing mechanism for real‐time multimedia services is proposed. This mechanism is based on the dynamic source routing protocol with some modifications, multiple route request, and route reply messages are used to construct the forwarder list, and the nodes within the forwarder list forward the packets which they overhear. The forwarder list is placed on the packet header in the form of a Bloom filter, which will restrict the size of the forwarder list to a constant value. There are no strict scheduling mechanisms for the forwarding order of the forwarder nodes, thus our opportunistic routing mechanism can be scalable for multiple simultaneous flows. Simulations show that our mechanism can effectively decrease the transmission times and the amount of the control messages for each packet and reduce the end‐to‐end delay for real‐time voice service, the quality of service for these services can be supported well over the unstable wireless channel. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Watching moving images specifically promotes development of medial area of secondary visual cortex in rat
Authors: Sun Baonan , Lv Bing , Dong Qiping , Wang Shiqiang , Chai Zhen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt is generally accepted that the cortex can be divided into numerous regions depending on the type of information each processes, and that specific input is effective in improving the development of related regions. In visual cortex, many subareas are distinguished on the basis of their adequate information. However, whether the development of a subarea can be specifically improved by its particular input is still largely unknown. Here, we show the specific effects of motion information on the development of the medial area of secondary visual cortex (V2M), a subarea associated with processing the movement component of visual information. Although watching a moving or a still image had similar effects in primary visual cortex, the moving image induced multistage development of V2M in dark‐reared rats: both mRNA and protein levels of GluR2 were upregulated, the density and protein content of GluR2‐positive synapses increased, and the spine density and the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) of pyramidal neurons in Layer 5 were elevated. Our results suggest that rats are able to identify motion information, distribute it to V2M, and then use this input to specifically improve the development of V2M. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009