bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral White Matter Lesions in Patients with Crohn's Disease
Authors: Chen Merry , Lee Grace , Kwong Lawrence N. , Lamont Sharon , Chaves Claudia 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTo investigate the incidence, characteristics, and predisposing factors for cerebral white matter lesions in patients with Crohn's disease.METHODSWe retrospectively evaluated the incidence and characteristics of cerebral T2 white matter abnormalities in 54 patients with Crohn's disease and compared to 100 age‐matched controls. We also investigated potential co‐morbidities known to be associated with white matter abnormalities in Crohn's patients with normal and abnormal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).RESULTSSeventy‐two percent of patients with Crohn's disease had T2 white matter abnormalities, as compared with 34% of the age‐matched controls (P < .001). Lesion severity and size were not significantly different between the two groups; however, periventricular distribution and fulfillment of the Barkhof MRI criteria were overrepresented in Crohn's population. History of hypertension, diabetes, and migraine; gender, duration of disease and prior exposure to anti‐tumor necrosis factor were not significantly different between Crohn's patients with and without white matter abnormalities; however, patients with lesions were significantly older than those without.CONCLUSIONSPatients with Crohn's disease have a higher incidence of white matter T2 hyperintensities as compared with controls. Age was the only significant factor for the abnormalities within Crohn's group. White matter T2 hyperintensities are likely another extra‐intestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease.
Intracranial Rosai‐Dorfman Disease with Unusual Transcranial Extension
Authors: Lu Chia‐Hsing , Chang Kung‐Chao , Lee E‐Jian , Chuang Ming‐Tsung , Chang Ruey‐Sheng 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTA 48‐year‐old woman presented with a growing palpable mass at the left frontal area. The imaging studies and histopathological examination of the mass was consistent with dural‐based Rosai‐Dorfman disease with unusual transcranial extension. We reported this case not only because of its rarity, but also because of the infiltrative pattern. The infiltrative nature presented in this case may be taken into consideration for surgical treatment of intracranial Rosai‐Dorfman disease.
Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in Swedish travellers
Authors: BRONNER ULF , KARLSSON LILLEMOR , EVENGÅRD BIRGITTA 
Published: November 2010

Bronner U, Karlsson L, Evengård B. Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in Swedish travellers. APMIS 2010; 119: 88–92.Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria have become valuable tools for the diagnosis of malaria in both endemic and non‐endemic areas. During a 7‐year period, first the MalaQuick rapid test and then the NOW Malaria test, were evaluated by well‐trained laboratory technicians in a university hospital laboratory of parasitology. A total of 635 blood samples were selected from 4731 blood specimens obtained from travellers at the emergency department, at wards and at out‐patient clinics. The samples were analysed by microscopy and RDT. Malaria parasites were detected in the blood films of 134 (21%) samples. The sensitivity of the RDT for Plasmodium falciparum was 97.7% (84 of 86 samples) with a negative predictive value of 99.6%. The two false‐negative results were associated with low levels of parasitaemia. For non‐falciparum species the sensitivity was only 58.3% (28 of 48 samples). Based on the excellent ability of the RDTs to detect P. falciparum infections, we recommend the use of the NOW Malaria test as a complement to microscopy in the laboratory.
Molecular force probe measurement of antigen I/II–matrix protein interactions
Authors: Soell Martine , Hemmerlé Joseph , Hannig Matthias , Haïkel Youssef , Sano Hidehiko , Selimovic Denis 
Published: November 2010

Soell M, Hemmerlé J, Hannig M, Haïkel Y, Sano H, Selimovic D. Molecular force probe measurement of antigen I/II–matrix protein interactions. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 590–595. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Viridans streptococci possess a family of immunologically and structurally related cell‐surface proteins, termed antigen I/II, which may function as adhesins and enable oral streptococci to adhere to saliva‐coated surfaces and matrix proteins. Here we used atomic force microscopy in the molecular force mode to measure the specific interaction forces between antigen I/II and two matrix proteins, collagen and fibronectin. These matrix proteins provide important binding sites for adherence of oral streptococcal in dentinal caries and endocarditis, respectively. Antigen I/II‐coated cantilever tips were brought into contact with collagen‐ or fibronectin‐coated silica coverslips. For the protein I/II–fibronectin interaction experiments, the mean strength of the last ruptures was 216 pN, with most of the detachments located around 125 pN. In antigen I/II–collagen interaction experiments, the mean strength of the last rupture forces corresponded to 136 pN, with the most frequent unbinding force around 75 pN. Thus, our findings definitely suggest that, under the present experimental conditions, antigen I/II binds more strongly to fibronectin than to type I collagen. This might be of relevance for the attachment of viridians streptococci to surfaces exposed to strong hydrodynamic shearing forces under in vivo conditions.
Iloprost in dermatology
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Schanz Stefan , Ulrich Jens 
Published: November 2010

SummaryRheologically active pharmacotherapy is of high importance in many dermato‐logical diseases. The intravenous administration of iloprost belongs to the most effective systemic therapeutic agents that serve this pharmacodynamic approach and additionally substantial knowledge on the safety and efficacy exists. We review the dermatologically relevant data in order to offer an easy, thematically focused overview to practicing dermatologists.
Speculation without oil stockpiling as a signature: a dynamic perspective
Authors: Pierru Axel , Babusiaux Denis 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAccording to the standard analysis of commodity prices, stockpiling is a necessary signature of speculation. This paper develops an approach suggesting that speculation may temporarily (e.g. during a few months) push crude oil prices above the level justified by physical‐market fundamentals, without necessarily resulting in a significant increase in oil inventories. Looking beyond debate on the value of oil‐demand price‐elasticity, showing a demand curve makes sense only if we consider a fixed time horizon (e.g. short‐run). The scenario of oil demand slowly but continuously adjusting to a price fuelled by speculation implies that price elasticity of demand is an increasing function of the time horizon considered. Short‐ and long‐run elasticities can then be used to calibrate this function. A very low very‐short‐run price elasticity suggests that an exogenously‐driven rise in crude oil price has a very slight impact on demand in the very short run and therefore, with supply constant, leads to a minimal increase in inventories. This interpretation differs from the traditional view according to which storage of just a few barrels is enough to raise prices when elasticity is very low. We present several analytical and numerical illustrations (with oil‐demand adjustment following Gompertz, logistic and exponential paths). The role that speculation may have played in recent movements in oil prices is also discussed.
Spreading the word on sports concussion: citation analysis of summary and agreement, position and consensus statements on sports concussion
Authors: Alla Sridhar , Sullivan S John , McCrory Paul , Hale Leigh 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundThe growing concern over concussion in sports has led to the publication of five major summary and agreement, position and consensus statements since 2000. The dissemination of information from these statements is largely unknown and difficult to quantify, but their impact on the research community can be quantified by analysing the number of citations to these key publications. The purpose of this review is to report the number and pattern of citations to the key published statements on sports concussion.MethodsWeb of Science, Scopus and PubMed were searched from 2000 to mid-December 2009 using two different search strategies. The first strategy used the search terms ‘concussion’ and ‘first author’ of the statement article, while the second used the ‘title’ of the target article as the key search term.ResultsThe publications resulting from the three ‘Concussion in Sport’ (CIS) group conferences were cited by 532 journal articles, while the National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement was cited 123 times. The highest number of citations to each of the five identified statements was seen in 2009.British Journal of Sports Medicinewas the most frequently cited journal.ConclusionThe citation analysis of the key statements on sports concussion has shown that the target papers have been widely cited in the research literature, with the highest number of citations being from the publications arising from the CIS group conferences. The authors have shown their preference to cite source articles published in theBritish Journal of Sports Medicine.
Greater peak rearfoot eversion predicts foot orthoses efficacy in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome
Authors: Barton C J , Menz H B , Levinger P , Webster K E , Crossley K M 
Published: November 2010

ObjectiveThere is growing evidence for the provision of foot orthoses when treating individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), and prescription is frequently based on the assessment of foot posture/function. However, evaluation of the link between abnormal foot posture/function and foot orthoses outcomes has previously been limited to static alignment measures and has produced inconsistent findings. In this study, the ability of baseline foot kinematics associated with pronation to predict marked improvement 12 weeks following foot orthoses prescription in individuals with PFPS was evaluated.Methods26 individuals with PFPS were issued with prefabricated foot orthoses, and patient-reported level of improvement was documented at 12 weeks. Potential predictors of marked improvement at 12 weeks were measured during walking at baseline and included forefoot dorsiflexion and abduction, and rearfoot eversion.ResultsOf the 25 participants who completed the study, seven (28%) reported marked improvement with the foot orthoses after 12 weeks. Discriminant function analysis revealed a greater peak rearfoot eversion to be the only significant independent predictor of marked improvement.ConclusionThese findings provide preliminary evidence that greater peak rearfoot eversion is predictive of marked improvement 12 weeks following prefabricated foot orthoses prescription in individuals with PFPS. Therefore, foot orthoses may be most effective in the subgroup of people with PFPS and increased dynamic foot pronation.
Analysis of risk scoring for the outpatient management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Chan John C H , Ayaru Lakshmana 
Published: November 2010

ObjectiveTo determine whether the Glasgow–Blatchford bleeding score (GBS) or pre-endoscopy Rockall score was better at accurately identifying patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) who were at low risk of the need for clinical intervention and death and therefore suitable for outpatient management.DesignRetrospective database and case note review of all patients admitted to the emergency departments with AUGIB from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2009.SettingTwo tertiary centre teaching hospitals.Patients432 patients met the inclusion criteria.InterventionNone.Main outcome measureClinical interventions (blood transfusion, endoscopic therapy and surgery) and death.ResultsOf 432 patients, 40 (9.3%) had a GBS of 0 and none required intervention or died. In contrast, 13/104 patients (12.5%) who had a pre-endoscopy Rockall score of 0 and 23/125 patients (18.4%) who had a complete Rockall score <3, required clinical intervention. The performance of the scores at these cut-offs were: GBS (sensitivity 100%, specificity 16.1%, positive predictive value (PPV) 37.8%, negative predictive value (NPV) 100%, accuracy 82.3%), pre-endoscopy Rockall (sensitivity 91.2%, specificity 32.0%, PPV 41.2%, NPV 87.5%, accuracy 70.9%) and complete Rockall (sensitivity 84.5%, specificity 50.7%, PPV 55.8%, NPV 81.6%, accuracy 76.2%). For prediction of the need for intervention or death, the accuracy of the GBS (0.82; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.86) was superior to the pre-endoscopy Rockall score (0.71; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.76).ConclusionThe GBS but not the pre-endoscopy Rockall score identifies patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding who may be suitable for outpatient management, therefore potentially allowing for more efficient use of hospital resources.
Exposure to temporary employment and job insecurity: a longitudinal study of the health effects
Authors: Virtanen Pekka , Janlert Urban , Hammarström Anne 
Published: November 2010

ObjectiveThis study analysed interactions between job insecurity and temporary employment and health. We tested the violation hypothesis (whether permanent employment increases the health risk associated with job insecurity) and the intensification hypothesis (whether temporary employment increases the health risk associated with job insecurity) in a longitudinal setting. Previous research on this topic is scarce and based on cross-sectional data.MethodsA population cohort (n=1071) was surveyed at age 30 and age 42. Exposure to temporary employment during this 12-year period was elicited with a job-time matrix and measured as the score of 6-month periods. Exposure to job insecurity was measured according to the perceived threat of unemployment. Health at follow-up was assessed as optimal versus suboptimal self-rated health, sleep quality and mental health. In addition to sociodemographics and baseline health, the analyses were adjusted for exposure to unemployment, non-employment and self-employment during the 12-year period.Results26% of participants had been exposed to temporary employment. The effect of job insecurity on health was the same in the exposed and unexposed groups, that is the violation hypothesis was not supported. Non-significant interactions between the exposures and all health outcomes also indicated null findings regarding the intensification hypothesis.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that perceived job insecurity can lead to adverse health effects in both permanent and temporary employees. Policies should aim to improve work-related well-being by reducing job insecurity. Efforts towards ‘flexicurity’ are important, but it is equally important to remember that a significant proportion of employees with a permanent contract experience job insecurity.
Canadian west coast fjords and inlets of the NE Pacific Ocean as depositional archives
Authors: Dallimore Audrey , Jmieff Danielle G. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The west coast of Canada is one of the major fjord coastlines of the world, hosting about 150 fjords which are locally known as inlets. Much of the coastline remains remote without extensive research, and this paper summarizes what is known of the Canadian west coast fjord environments. Two fjord regimes are recognized along the British Columbia coastline. Mainland fjords drain high mountains and ice fields with sediment input from snowmelt and glacier runoff in spring and summer. By contrast, the inlets on Vancouver Island are in a milder marine climate, and sediment input occurs mostly during heavy rains of autumn and winter. Due to unique oceanographic conditions and shallow sills at the mouth of some Vancouver Island inlets, anoxic bottom waters exist which allow the preservation of annually laminated sediments. Studies of these annually laminated sediment archives over the past decade, including two international drill ship investigations, have characterized the deglacial, sea-level and palaeoenvironmental history of the British Columbia coastal area. These coastal depositional archives have also advanced our knowledge of the cyclical nature of the NE Pacific ocean and climate system, as well as given evidence of infrequent, yet significant abrupt changes that characterize it.
Pollen analysis of Holocene sediments from Loch Etive, a Scottish fjord
Authors: Cundill Peter R. , Austin William E. N. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

This paper outlines one of the first attempts to analyse the detailed pollen content of the marine sediments from a fjord (sea loch) located on the west coast of Scotland. The site chosen was in the Bonawe Deep, part of the upper basin of Loch Etive, and 2.3 m depth of sediments were sampled. These sediments were examined for their fossil pollen content and a pollen diagram was constructed from the results. The interpretation of the pollen record was supported by seven radiocarbon dates which demonstrated that the sediments accumulated over the last 8–9 ka of the Holocene. The pollen diagram was divided into three pollen assemblage zones. The lowest zone ET1 (
c
. 9–7.3 ka BP) was dominated by pollen of
Betula
,
Pinus
and
Corylus
, zone ET2 (
c
. 7.3–1.2 ka BP) contained a wide range of woodland pollen taxa (mainly
Betula
,
Pinus
,
Quercus
,
Alnus
and
Corylus
) and the uppermost zone ET3 (1.2–0 ka BP) was distinguished by fewer tree pollen taxa and increased values of open habitat taxa, particularly
Calluna
. The pollen diagram showed the development of vegetation during the Holocene which correlated well with existing results from studies of peat or freshwater lake sediments sampled in the west of Scotland. The only significant differences were the higher concentrations of
Pinus
pollen found in the Loch Etive site. These differences can be explained by the large catchment area of the loch which includes high ground, where it is proposed that extensive
Pinus
forest grew during much of the Holocene. The study demonstrates the practicality of using Scottish fjord sediments for Holocene pollen studies and potentially provides a link between terrestrial vegetation records and marine-based fossil records.
A multiproxy palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Loch Sunart (NW Scotland) since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Mokeddem Zohra , Baltzer Agnes , Goubert Evelyne , Clet-Pellerin Martine 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Loch Sunart is located on the NW coast of Scotland and contains a sedimentary sequence that records Lateglacial to Holocene climatic variations. A 12 m core MD04-2833 was acquired in the main basin of the loch sampling this sequence. We present the palaeoenvironmental data and palaeoclimatical scenario based on a multiproxy approach using pollen concentrations, sortable silt variation, lithic fraction and marine benthic foraminifera assemblages. These analyses allow the identification of major climate fluctuations such as cooling events. Global temperature decreases are discriminated from local water temperature decreases due to ice-melting processes by the presence of
Elphidium subarcticum
and the assemblage of
Cassidulina obtusa
and
Haynesina germanica
. Two meltwater pulses (MWP) are distinguished, which correspond to the MWP-Ia (15.5–13 cal ka BP) and MWP-Ib (12.2–10.1 cal ka BP). After the maximum water stratification occurred at 7.5 cal ka BP, full marine conditions were established around 6 cal ka BP, which correspond to the highest relative sea-level reached in the loch.
The physics of mid-latitude fjords: a review
Authors: Inall M. E. , Gillibrand P. A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A rich and wide variety of fluid dynamic processes occur in fjords. Although a fjord may at one level be simply defined a glacially formed coastal inlet, this simple definition belies a huge range of geomorphological manifestations and environmental forcing conditions. It is the interplay between geomorphology and environmental forcing which defines the relative importance of differing physical fluid processes within a given fjord. In this chapter we present a non-mathematical review of the dominant physical processes which are found to occur in fjordic systems, how their relative importance may depend on geomorphology and forcing, and how, in turn, the dominant physical processes effect circulation and sediment distribution. Our aim is to provide the non-physical oceanographer with an insight into the rich and varied fluid dynamical processes presented to us by the fascinating ‘mini-ocean’ geo-type generically referred to as a fjord.
A major change in the dinoflagellate cyst flora of Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, at around 1969/1970 and its possible explanation
Authors: Harland Rex , Nordberg Kjell , Filipsson Helena L. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

An ultra high-resolution study of the latest Holocene dinoflagellate cysts from Gullmar Fjord, on the west coast of Sweden, provides evidence for the recognition of at least two major dinoflagellate communities within the fjord over the last 85 years. These communities may result from changes within the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and hydrography of the fjord between the approximate years 1915 and 1999 and/or from the local pollution history. The dinoflagellate cyst populations were compared in detail with hydrographical parameters available from this fjord with its long historical instrumental records. The dinoflagellate cysts fail to demonstrate a convincing ongoing eutrophication for the fjord, although the reduction of
Lingulodinium polyedrum
partly coincides with the curtailment of activity at a sulphite pulp mill at Munkedal and canning activity at Lysekil, together with a cessation in the influx of untreated sewage from water closets. The significant change in the assemblage composition at about the late 1960s/early 1970s coincides with a change in the NAO from a negative phase to its present-day positive phase. The unravelling of local environmental effects from those associated with regional fluctuations is complex and needs to be approached with caution.