bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of chondro‐osteogenic BMPs in ossified failed tendon healing model of tendinopathy
Authors: Yee Lui Pauline Po , Wong Yin Mei , Rui Yun Feng , Lee Yuk Wa , Chan Lai Shan , Chan Kai Ming 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChondrocytes phenotype/markers were expressed in clinical samples of tendinopathy and calcifying tendinopathy. This study examined the spatial‐temporal expression of chondro‐osteogenic Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), which might contribute to ectopic chondro‐osteogenesis and failed healing process in tendinopathy. Collagenase was injected into patellar tendon of rats to induce ossified failed tendon healing. At week 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16, the patella tendon was harvested for immunohistochemical staining and analysis of BMP‐2/4/7. BMP‐4/7 showed similar expression patterns, which was different from BMP‐2. The expression of BMP‐2 in the tendon matrix increased at week 2 and was reduced to nearly undetectable level afterwards except at the chondro‐ossification sites. However, the expression of BMP‐4/7 in the healing tendon fibroblast‐like cells and matrix increased at week 2, reduced at week 4 and 8 and increased again at week 12 and 16, consistent with transient healing at week 8 in this animal model. There was increasing strong expression of BMP‐4/7 in the chondrocyte‐like cells in the un‐ossified and ossified areas from week 8–16. BMP‐4/7, besides BMP‐2, might also contribute to ectopic chondro‐osteogenesis and failed healing in tendon injuries. BMP‐4/7, but not BMP‐2, might be involved in regulating late events in ossified failed tendon healing. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:816–821
Ripening of salted anchovy (Engraulis anchoita): development of lipid oxidation, colour and other sensorial characteristics
Authors: Czerner Marina , Tomás Mabel C , Yeannes María I 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Changes in lipids are in general associated with quality deterioration, though earlier studies in anchovy indicate that the volatile compounds of importance to the characteristic flavour could be generated by lipid oxidation. The aim of the present paper was to study the changes in the fatty acid composition and the lipid oxidation of Engraulis anchoita during ripening and their relationship with the development of the typical sensorial characteristics.RESULTS: As a result of ripening, polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease from 4.27 to 2.42 and 2.00 g kg−1 fatty acids in gutted fish and fillet, respectively. The most affected class of fatty acids was the n‐3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid. Moreover, saturated fatty acids were the most stable to the process. 2‐Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased throughout ripening, and the use of fillets instead of gutted fish reduced this value. The a* value was the parameter most modified, showing a marked increase which correlates with the acquisition of a uniform pink colour. Sensory analysis did not show development of off‐odour or undesirable changes in colour during ripening.CONCLUSION: As a result of ripening, the fatty acid profile was modified and an increment of TBARS was observed. However, these changes did not lead to deterioration in the quality of the product. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of rice dreg protein and its hydrolysate on growth performance and small intestine morphology of early‐weaned rats
Authors: Li Xiang , Xiong Hua , Yang Kaiwu , Peng Diwei , Li Wei , Yin Yulong , Liu Jinhui 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Protein hydrolysate has more efficient peptide absorption and less hypertonic protein absorption. This study aims to investigate the influences of rice dreg (RD) protein and its hydrolysate on growth and somatropic axis in early‐weaned Sprague‐Dawley rats in comparison with soybean (SB) protein.RESULTS: Compared with a SB diet control, a rice dregs protein hydrolysate (RD‐H) diet decreased average daily feed intake and feed/gain in weeks 1 (P < 0.01) and 2 (P < 0.05), while an RD diet decreased average daily feed intake and feed/gain in week 1 (P < 0.01). Average daily body gain exhibited no significant differences between either treatment during the 28‐day period. After 28 d, villus height and lamina propria depth of jejunum and duodenum were greater in the RD‐H treatment than in RD and control treatments (P < 0.01), while serum urea nitrogen concentration was lower in RD and RD‐H treatments than in the control (P < 0.05). There were no differences in serum growth hormone concentration, hepatic and muscle insulin‐like growth factor‐1 expression, and muscle growth hormone receptor expression at 7 and 28 d (P > 0.05), but hepatic growth hormone receptor expression was higher in RD‐H treatment than in RD and control treatments after 7 d (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Results showed that RD and RD‐H diets improved feed utilisation efficiency in the first 2 weeks post‐weaning and small intestine morphology at 28 d post‐weaning for an early‐weaned mammal compared with a SB diet. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of free or protein‐associated soy isoflavones on the antioxidant status in rats
Authors: Barbosa Ana CL , Lajolo Franco M , Genovese Maria I 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic ingestion of free and protein‐associated soy isoflavones on the antioxidant status in male Wistar rats. Free isoflavone (iso), protein‐associated soy isoflavone (iso + prot) and soy protein (prot) extracts were administered for 30 days by gavage to the rats at a dosage of 1 mg aglycone isoflavones per 200 g body weight, adjusted daily, and the prot group was given the same concentration of soy protein received by the iso + prot group. Antioxidant capacity of plasma, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in plasma, erythrocytes and tissues and gene expression levels in liver and kidney were evaluated.RESULTS: Chronic ingestion of free but not of protein‐associated soy isoflavones nor of solely soy protein increased plasma antioxidant capacity and GPx activity in erythrocytes. Soy protein increased CAT activity and gene expression in liver. SOD activity in erythrocytes was increased by all treatments.CONCLUSION: The overall results confirm that dietary soy isoflavones have a positive effect on antioxidant status, enhancing antioxidant capacity of plasma and antioxidant enzymes in various tissues, but the effects are dependent on the form of administration and on a complex mechanism of antioxidant status balance on the organism. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
In‐situ investigation of the surface‐topography during anodic dissolution of copper under near‐ECM conditions
Authors: Schneider M. , Schroth S. , Schubert N. , Michaelis A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractElectrochemical machining is characterized by deliberate high speed anodic dissolution. The distance between anode and cathode are only a few hundred microns. Additionally, the electrolyte flow rate is in the range of approximately meter/second. A special electrochemical cell design was developed to investigate the surface topography during the anodic dissolution simultaneously and in‐situ under near‐ECM conditions. The anode was directly placed under the cathode with a gap of 350 µm. We carried out pulse experiments at 15 A/cm2 and 25 A/cm2 with an electrolyte flow rate of 4m/s. First‐time it was possible to observe the surface changing of the anode directly during current pulses by using a video camera. Different stages e.g. roughening, film formation or gas evolution could be distinguished.
A chromia forming thermal barrier coating system
Authors: Taylor M.P. , Evans H.E. , Gray S. , Nicholls J.R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractConventional thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems consist of an insulating ceramic topcoat, a bond coat for oxidation protection and the underlying superalloy designed to combat the oxidising conditions in aero‐ and land‐based gas turbines. Under high‐temperature oxidation, the use of an alumina forming bond coat is warranted, thus all current TBC systems are optimised for the early formation of a dense, protective thermally grown oxide (TGO) of alumina. This also offers protection against Type I hot corrosion but a chromia layer gives better protection against Type II corrosion and intermediate temperatures, the conditions found in land‐based gas turbines.In this paper the authors present the first known results for a chromia forming TBC system. Tests have been performed under oxidising conditions, up to 1000 h, at temperatures between 750 °C and 900 °C, and under Type I (900 °C) and Type II (700 °C) hot corrosion conditions up to 500 h. Under all these conditions no cracking, spallation or degradation was observed. Examination showed the formation of an adherent, dense chromia TGO at the bond coat / topcoat interface. These initial results are very encouraging and the TGO thicknesses agree well with comparable results reported in the literature.
Optimised selection of new protective coatings for biofuel boiler applications
Authors: Tuurna S. , Varis T. , Penttilä K. , Ruusuvuori K. , Holmström S. , Yli‐Olli S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUsing biofuels in power and CHP boilers can pose a challenge for materials performance. Formation of deposits containing e.g. potassium, sulphur, calcium, sodium, and chlorine can result in severe corrosion of conventional steels and alloys at relatively modest temperatures. Given suitable component design and fabrication facilities, coatings may be considered to protect the fireside surfaces. This paper aims to present a systematic approach to the design and selection criteria for protective coatings of boilers. The approach includes modelling of the process and surface conditions, optimisation of the coating process and structure, and performance validation in the laboratory and plant scales. The applied examples have included iron and nickel based HVOF and arc sprayed coatings subjected to verification field testing in boiler testing under aggressive biofuel conditions. The coatings have shown good corrosion resistance in both laboratory tests and long‐term harsh field tests. The paper discusses the used approach for finding a suitable and cost effective coating for biofuel boiler applications. The paper gives test results from microstructural, corrosion resistance and field testing experience for the selected coatings.
Susceptibility of 316L stainless steel to crevice corrosion in submersible solenoid valve
Authors: Cai B.P. , Liu Y.H. , Tian X.J. , Li H. , Ji R.J. , Wang F. , Zhang Y.Z. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe susceptibility of 316L stainless steel to crevice corrosion was investigated by using immersion test and electrochemical test. Three kinds of crevices including 316L‐to‐polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) crevice, 316L‐to‐fluoroelastomeric (FKM) crevice and 316L‐to‐316L crevice were tested in artificial seawater at 50°C. The results indicate that 316L stainless steel specimen is the most susceptible to crevice corrosion when it is coupled to 316L stainless steel crevice former, while it is the least susceptible when it is coupled to FKM crevice former. It suggests that during submersible solenoid valve design, the crevice of metal‐to‐metal should be moderately large so that crevice corrosion can not initiate and propagate, and FKM O‐ring rather than PTFE O‐ring should be selected as obturating ring. The corroded surface morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Three regions including passive region, active region and variable region can be observed on crevice corrosion sites.
Influence of tensile stress on corrosion behaviour of high‐strength galvanized steel bridge wires in simulated acid rain
Authors: Yang W. J. , Yang P. , Li X. M. , Feng W. L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCorrosion behaviour of the high‐strength galvanized steel wires under tensile stress was researched by electrochemical polarization and salt spray test (SST) using simulated acid rain as electrolyte. Electrochemical polarization and SST results showed corrosion rate rose significantly with increasing tensile stress; white grains were observed by SEM after polarization, while cellular and dendritic crystals appeared on the rust layer after SST. XRD and TG‐DTA results revealed (Zn(OH)2)3 · ZnSO4 · 5H2O was the main corrosion product, and traces of Fe2(SO4)2O · 7H2O, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe2O3 · H2O were also detected. A three‐stage corrosion process for the galvanized steel wires during SST was proposed.
Effect of sulphate reducing bacteria on corrosion of AlZnInSn sacrificial anodes in marine sediment
Authors: Liu F. , Zhang J. , Zhang S. , Li W. , Duan J. , Hou B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of AlZnIn‐Sn sacrificial anodes in marine sediment was investigated by exposing samples to sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). Samples exposed to the sterile marine sediment were used as control. The results show that pitting corrosion occurs in both the sterile marine sediment and the SRB‐containing marine sediment. However, the corrosion can be increased sharply by the SRB metabolic activity due to the cathodic depolarization effect. In fact, the effect is based on the consumption of hydrogen which probably results in the acceleration of galvanic corrosion between corrosion products and metal substrate.
Numerical and experimental investigations of phase segragation effects in binary brazing solders
Authors: Anders Denis , Weinberg Kerstin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSolder materials occupy many of fields for technical application (e.g. solder joints in automotive control units or in microelectronic packages). They are required to provide electrical and mechanical connections between different components. Due to their wide range of applications solder alloys are subject to a great variety of microstructural changes such as phase separation and coarsening processes. The micromorphological variations influence strength and life expectation of solder materials, in particular, in very small components such as solder joints in microelectronic packages. In order to analyze the microstructural evolution with a diffusion theory of heterogeneous solid mixtures we employ an extended Cahn‐Hilliard phase field model. The diffusion equation under consideration constitutes a partial differential equation involving spatial derivatives of fourth order. Thus, the variational formulation of the problem requires approximation functions which are piecewise smooth and globally C1‐continuous. In our contribution we fulfil the continuity requirement by means of rational B‐spline finite element basis functions. To illustrate the versatility of this approach numerical simulations of phase decomposition and coarsening controlled by diffusion and by mechanical loading are discussed and compared with experimental results. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimisation of Free Surface Problems Using Particle Methods
Authors: Marburger Jan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper we show the basic idea of applying standard optimisation approaches to particle methods based on finite differences. We introduce simplifications resulting from its numerical implementation, which makes it easy to perform an adjoint based optimisation. This approach is verified numerically by complex 2D examples. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The use of zoledronic acid in pediatric cancer patients
Authors: August Keith J. , Dalton Amanda , Katzenstein Howard M. , George Bradley , Olson Thomas A. , Wasilewski‐Masker Karen , Rapkin Louis B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe third generation bisphosphonate zoledronic acid has demonstrated efficacy in reducing skeletal‐related events in adult patients with multiple cancer types that have skeletal disease. The use of zoledronic acid in pediatric oncology patients with bone metastases for the purpose of reducing pain, improving bone strength and altering the progression of metastatic disease has not been thoroughly evaluated.ProcedureFrom October 2005 to December 2008, 19 patients at the Aflac Cancer Center received one or more doses of zoledronic acid as part of their therapy. A retrospective review of these patients was performed and information was collected including indication for treatment, toxicities, and outcomes.ResultsMost patients (n = 15) received zoledronic acid following relapse of their malignancy with metastatic disease present in one or more bony sites. Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia were frequent, but did not result in clinical symptoms. More significant toxicities associated with zoledronic acid, including clinically apparent renal insufficiency and osteonecrosis of the jaw, were not seen. Overall, zoledronic acid was well tolerated in this population.ConclusionsThe benefits of zoledronic acid seen in randomized trials of adults with bone metastases have sparked interest in its use for children with metastatic cancer. The administration of zoledronic acid in pediatric oncology appears safe, and may result in improved bone strength and pain control. Further evaluation is warranted to prospectively evaluate its efficacy and long‐term safety in pediatric patients with cancer and skeletal metastases. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:610–614. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significant 25‐hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in child and adolescent survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Treatment with chemotherapy compared with allogeneic stem cell transplant
Authors: Simmons Jill H. , Chow Eric J. , Koehler Elizabeth , Esbenshade Adam , Smith Lesley‐Ann , Sanders Jean , Friedman Debra 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground25‐hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency is common in healthy children and adolescents. There have been limited studies of the 25‐hydroxyvitamin D status of survivors of pediatric and adolescent acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedureIn a cohort of 78 ALL survivors (52 chemotherapy‐treated and 26 HCT‐treated), we determined the prevalence of, and host, treatment and environmental risk factors for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency and deficiency.ResultsThere were no differences in serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels between ALL survivors treated with conventional chemotherapy and those treated with HCT (median 26.0 vs 25.5 ng/ml). Fifty‐three percent of pediatric ALL survivors were 25‐hydroxyvitamin D insufficient (15–29 ng/dl), and 12% were deficient (<15 ng/dl). Younger age, higher reported dietary vitamin D intake, use of vitamin D supplementation, and increased ambient ultraviolet light were associated with higher serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels. There was not enough evidence to suggest treatment type, gender, race, years since diagnosis or BMI were associated with serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels. Only 27% of conventional chemotherapy‐treated ALL survivors and 8% of HCT‐treated ALL survivors met RDA for dietary vitamin D intake.ConclusionsThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in ALL survivors is similar to that of the general pediatric population in the United States, and there is no difference in serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D status between chemotherapy‐treated and HCT‐treated ALL survivors. ALL survivors rarely meet the RDA requirements for vitamin D. Further studies are needed to determine whether dietary and behavioral interventions can improve the vitamin D status of ALL survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ascertainment of warfarin and aspirin use by medical record review compared with automated pharmacy data
Authors: Garg Renu K. , Glazer Nicole L. , Wiggins Kerri L. , Newton Katherine M. , Thacker Evan L. , Smith Nicholas L. , Siscovick David S. , Psaty Bruce M. , Heckbert Susan R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurposeAutomated pharmacy databases are increasingly available for assessing medication use, but research on the validity of these data is incomplete. This study aimed to measure agreement on warfarin and aspirin use between medical records and automated pharmacy data among patients with newly detected atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsPatients with newly detected AF (n = 1953) were previously identified in a cohort study at Group Health (GH) in Washington State. Medical records were reviewed for information on risk factors and medication use, as well as clinical care during the 6 months after AF onset. Medication data were also obtained from the GH pharmacy database. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) as measures of the validity of the GH pharmacy database as compared with medical records for warfarin and aspirin use during the first 6 and 3 months after AF onset. We also calculated the κ statistic.ResultsFor warfarin use, in comparison with the medical record review, the sensitivity, specificity, and PPV for the GH pharmacy database were excellent, and agreement was almost perfect in the 3‐ and 6‐month periods after AF onset (κ = 0.92 and 0.93, respectively). For aspirin use, the GH pharmacy database had low sensitivity but high specificity, and agreement was only fair for these two periods (κ = 0.28 and 0.31, respectively).ConclusionsThe GH pharmacy database is a valuable source of data for pharmacoepidemiologic research on warfarin use among patients with AF. However, the database cannot be recommended for assessment of aspirin use. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MAT‐CHDSP, a novel medication assessment tool for evaluation of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
Authors: Garcia Beate Hennie , Utnes June , Naalsund Liv Unni , Giverhaug Trude 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundQuality of health performance is of increasing international importance. The potential value of the implementation of a guideline‐based medication assessment tool (MAT) has been evaluated in order to measure and improve adherence to guideline recommendations in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodAn existing MAT developed in the UK based on internationally recognised clinical evidence has been further developed [with criteria extended to secondary prevention of CHD only] for application in Norway. Content validity was demonstrated using a two round Delphi process among an expert group (12 reviewers, consensus threshold 75%). Inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability testing was conducted with agreement expressed by Cohen's kappa (κ). The designed MAT was applied in a pilot study and application time was measured to inform clinical utility of the tool in real world settings. A total of 85 patients (69% male) undergoing coronary angiography were included. Mean age was 65.4 years (SD 11.6).ResultsThe new MAT is named MAT‐CHDSP and comprises 21 review criteria. Consensus among the expert group (n = 12) was obtained for all final criteria. Reliability testing showed κ in the range (0.79–0.90). Applicability in the pilot study was 63% (n = 1106) and adherence was 65%, 95% CI (64–66) (n = 791). The mean application time for the experienced user was 1.5 minutes (SD 0.3).ConclusionMAT methodology might merge the increasing demand for continuous assessment of quality of health performance with the clinical pharmacist's need for a standardised and explicit working tool. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.