bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical investigation of biomass productivities achievable in solar rectangular photobioreactors for the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis
Authors: Pruvost Jeremy , Cornet J. F. , Goetz Vincent , Legrand Jack 
Published: April 2012

AbstractModeling was done to simulate whole‐year running of solar rectangular photobioreactors (PBRs). Introducing the concept of ideal reactor, the maximal biomass productivity that could be achieved on Earth on nitrate as N‐source was calculated. Two additional factors were also analyzed with respect to dynamic calculations over the whole year: the effect of PBR location and the effects of given operating conditions on the resulting decrease in productivity compared with the ideal one. Simulations were conducted for the cyanobacterium Arthospira platensis, giving an ideal productivity (upper limit) in the range 55–60 tX ha−1 year−1 for a sun tracking system (and around 35–40 tX ha−1 year−1 for a fixed horizontal PBR). For an implantation in France (Nantes, west coast), the modification in irradiation conditions resulted in a decrease in biomass productivity of 40%. Various parameters were investigated, with special emphasis on the influence of the incident angle of solar illumination on resulting productivities, affecting both light capture and light transfer inside the bulk culture. It was also found that with appropriate optimization of the residence time as permitted by the model, productivities close to maximal could be achieved for a given location. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Growth hormone synergizes with BMP9 in osteogenic differentiation by activating the JAK/STAT/IGF1 pathway in murine multilineage cells
Authors: Huang Enyi , Zhu Gaohui , Jiang Wei , Yang Ke , Gao Yanhong , Luo Qing , Gao Jian-Li , Kim Stephanie H , Liu Xing , Li Mi , Shi Qiong , Hu Ning , Wang Linyuan , Liu Hong , Cui Jing , Zhang Wenwen , Li Ruidong , Chen Xiang , Kong Yu-Han , Zhang Jiye , Wang Jinhua , Shen Jikun , Bi Yang , Statz Joseph , He Bai-Cheng , Luo Jinyong , Wang Huicong , Xiong Feng , Luu Hue H , Haydon Rex C , Yang Li , He Tong-Chuan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is usually released by somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary in response to the GH-releasing hormone and plays an important role in skeleton development and postnatal growth. However, it is unclear if extrapituitary GH exerts any effect on murine multilineage cells (MMCs). MMCs are multipotent progenitors that give rise to several lineages, including bone, cartilage, and fat. We have identified bone morphogenic protein 9 (BMP9) as one of the most osteogenic BMPs in MMCs by regulating a distinct set of downstream mediators. In this study, we find that GH is one of the most significantly upregulated genes by BMP9 in mouse MMCs through expression-profiling analysis. We confirm that GH is a direct early target of and upregulated by BMP9 signaling. Exogenous GH synergizes with BMP9 on inducing early and late osteogenic markers in MMCs. Furthermore, BMP9 and GH costimulation leads to a significant expansion of growth plate in cultured limb explants. Although GH alone does not induce de novo bone formation in an ectopic bone formation model, BMP9 and GH costimulated MMCs form more mature bone, which can be inhibited by silencing GH expression. The synergistic osteogenic activity between BMP9 and GH can be significantly blunted by JAK/STAT inhibitors, leading to a decrease in GH-regulated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) expression in MMCs. Our results strongly suggest that BMP9 may effectively regulate extrapituitary GH expression in MMCs. Thus, it is conceivable that the BMP9-GH-IGF axis may be exploited as an innovative strategy to enhance osteogenesis in regenerative medicine. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Anisotropy of electromechanical properties and hydrostatic response of advanced 2–2‐type composites
Authors: Topolov Vitaly Yu. , Krivoruchko Andrey V. , Bowen Christopher R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe paper reports results on the high performance of novel piezo‐active composites based on relaxor‐ferroelectric single crystals (SCs) of xPb(In0.5Nb0.5)O3–yPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–(1 − x − y)PbTiO3. We present a comparative analysis of the electromechanical properties of 2–2‐type composites based on single‐domain SCs from symmetry classes 3m and mm2. The parallel connection of the layers, the presence of an auxetic polymer component and the appropriate orientation of the main crystallographic axes of the single‐crystal layers lead to the development of large piezoelectric anisotropy and considerable hydrostatic piezoelectric response in comparison to the single‐crystal component. Effective piezoelectric coefficients $d_{3j}^{*} $ and electromechanical coupling factors $k_{3j}^{*} $ of the composites obey the conditions $d_{33}^{*} $/|$d_{31}^{*} $| ≥ 10, $d_{33}^{*} $/|$d_{32}^{*} $| ≥ 10, $k_{33}^{*} $/|$k_{31}^{*} $| ≥ 10, and $k_{33}^{*} $/|$k_{32}^{*} $| ≥ 10 at $k_{33}^{*} $ ≈ 0.6. Hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients $d_{{\rm h}}^{*} $ ≈ 470 pC/N and $g_{{\rm h}}^{*} $ ∼ (102–103) mV m/N are one to two orders‐of‐magnitude larger than those of the single‐crystal component, which make it attractive for various piezotechnical applications. The role of the elastic properties of the components is discussed in connection with the large hydrostatic parameters.
New records of three moss species (Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum, Schistidium antarctici, and Coscinodon lawianus) from the southern Prince Charles Mountains, Mac.Robertson Land, Antarctica
Authors: Skotnicki M. L. , Selkirk P. M. , Boger S. D. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe have used a combination of traditional morphological examination and molecular DNA analysis to characterise 16 moss specimens collected from the Mawson Escarpment and Clemence Massif, exposures of bedrock and glacial debris in the southern Prince Charles Mountains of East Antarctica. The nuclear ribosomal ITS region and the chloroplast rps4 gene were sequenced and compared with those of other mosses known from coastal East Antarctica. The moss specimens from the southern Prince Charles Mountains were identified as Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) D. T. Holyoak and N. Pedersen, Schistidium antarctici (Cardot) ‘L.I. Savicz & Smirnova’ and Coscinodon lawianus (J.H. Willis) Ochyra. These constitute a new record for S. antarctici in the Prince Charles Mountains, and confirm and extend southwards previous records for P. pseudotriquetrum and C. lawianus in the region.
The making of a nutrition professional: the Association for Nutrition register
Authors: Cade JE , Eccles E , Hartwell H , Radford S , Douglas A , Milliner L 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveNutritionists in the UK are at the start of an exciting time of professional development. The establishment of the Association for Nutrition in 2010 has presented an opportunity to review, revitalize and expand the UK Voluntary Register of Nutritionists. In the UK and elsewhere, there is a need for a specialist register of nutritionists with title protection as a public safeguard.DesignThe new structure will base professional registration on demonstration of knowledge and application in five core competencies. Initially, there will be five specialist areas: animal; public health; nutritional scientist; food; sports and exercise. The wording and requirements linking the specialist areas to the competencies have been carefully defined by leading individuals currently on the existing register in these specialist areas. These have been evaluated by a random sample of existing registrants to check for accuracy of definitions and examples. Other work aims to establish a clear quality assurance framework in nutrition for workers in the health and social care sectors (UK Public Health Skills and Career Framework Levels 1–4) who contribute to nutrition activity, such as community food workers, nutrition assistants and pharmacists. Students, co-professional affiliates and senior fellows will also find a place in the new Association. The title ‘nutritionist’ is not currently legally protected in the UK and it is used freely to cover a range of unregulated practice.ConclusionsThe establishment of a professional register to protect the public and to provide a clear identity for nutritionists is a vital step forward.
The role of care home fees in the public costs and distributional effects of potential reforms to care home funding for older people in England
Authors: Hancock Ruth , Malley Juliette , Wittenberg Raphael , Morciano Marcello , Pickard Linda , King Derek , Comas-Herrera Adelina 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn England, Local Authorities (LAs) contribute to the care home fees of two-thirds of care home residents aged 65+ who pass a means test. LAs typically pay fees below those faced by residents excluded from state support. Most proposals for reform of the means test would increase the proportion of residents entitled to state support. If care homes receive the LA fee for more residents, they might increase fees for any remaining self-funders. Alternatively, the LA fee might have to rise. We use two linked simulation models to examine how alternative assumptions on post-reform fees affect projected public costs and financial gains to residents of three potential reforms to the means test. Raising the LA fee rate to maintain income per resident would increase the projected public cost of the reforms by between 22% and 72% in the base year. It would reduce the average gain to care home residents by between 8% and 12%. Raising post-reform fees for remaining self-funders or requiring pre-reform self-funders to meet the difference between the LA and self-funder fees, reduces the gains to residents by 28–37%. For one reform, residents in the highest income quintile would face losses if the self-funder fee rises.
TRACTARIAN FIRST-ORDER LOGIC: IDENTITY AND THE N-OPERATOR
Authors: ROGERS BRIAN , WEHMEIER KAI F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn theTractatus, Wittgenstein advocates two major notational innovations in logic. First, identity is to be expressed by identity of the sign only, not by a sign for identity. Secondly, only one logical operator, called “N” by Wittgenstein, should be employed in the construction of compound formulas. We show that, despite claims to the contrary in the literature, both of these proposals can be realized, severally and jointly, in expressively complete systems of first-order logic. Building on early work of Hintikka’s, we identify three ways in which the first notational convention can be implemented, show that two of these are compatible with the text of theTractatus, and argue on systematic and historical grounds, adducing posthumous work of Ramsey’s, for one of these as Wittgenstein’s envisaged method. With respect to the second Tractarian proposal, we discuss how Wittgenstein distinguished between general and non-general propositions and argue that, claims to the contrary notwithstanding, an expressively adequate N-operator notation is implicit in theTractatuswhen taken in its intellectual environment. We finally introduce a variety of sound and complete tableau calculi for first-order logics formulated in a Wittgensteinian notation. The first of these is based on the contemporary notion of logical truth as truth in all structures. The others take into account the Tractarian notion of logical truth as truth in all structures over one fixed universe of objects. Here the appropriate tableau rules depend on whether this universe is infinite or finite in size, and in the latter case on its exact finite cardinality.As it is obviously easy to express how propositions can be constructed by means of this operation and how propositions are not to be constructed by means of it, this must be capable of exact expression.5.503
QSAR & DOCKING APPROACH - POTENTIAL WAY TO NEW DRUG DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ajeet Ajeet 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWith today's need for discovering and developing new drug molecules, it is necessary to accept ways to save time and wet lab essentials. To this end, the QSAR and molecular docking approach is used widely by us. This poster describes steps for developing a new or modified moiety of a drug molecule.
Network-based analyses of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Kalathur Ravi , Futschik Matthias 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe use of high-throughput technologies has provided us with large amounts of data for _Huntington's disease_ (HD), especially at the gene and protein levels. As phenotypic changes in HD may not just be due to the activity of individual genes but interrelated alterations of whole molecular networks, it is important to systematically analyse and represent accumulated data in a network-based approach.
Methods:
To analyse and visualise protein interaction networks through a dedicated database to HD, we have established "HDNetDB": http://hdnetdb.sysbiolab.eu. This platform will not only help to understand molecular mechanisms better, but also assist in identifying potential molecular markers involved in HD.We further identified both pathways as well as gene ontology (GO) annotations that are enriched in HD and constructed networks of the pathways and enriched GO annotations.

Results:
Our integrative network based methodology helped us to identify pathways and networks that are specific to the HD and may lead to the identification of novel molecular targets. Follow-up analyses of molecular changes will distinguish between potential causes and effects in HD. We hope that the constructed database will help researchers worldwide to find a cure for HD.
Development of Java based graphical user interface for Diagnosis of Hepatitis UsingI Mixture of Expert
Authors: Shankaracharya M , Kumari Suchitra , Vidyarthi Ambarish 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHepatitis is deadly, and the fifth leading cause of death after heart disease, stroke, chest disease and cancer. Worldwide, 1.5 million deaths per year have been estimated. Detection of hepatitis is a big problem for general practitioners. An expert doctor commonly makes decisions by evaluating the current test results of a patient or by comparing the patient with others with the same condition with reference to the previous decisions. Many machine learning and data mining techniques have been designed for the automatic diagnosis of hepatitis. However, no one tool is available to the general population for the diagnosis of Hepatitis. Hence, a graphical user interface-enabled tool needs to be developed, through which medical practitioners can feed patient data easily and find hepatitis diagnoses instantly and accurately.
Methods:
In this study a hepatitis dataset was taken from the UCI machine repository database with a total of 20 attributes of two classes, Affected and Not Affected.

Results and Conclusion:
The models have been generated with a mixture of experts as a classification method for the diagnosis of hepatitis. Very good accuracy has been observed in the generated models. Finally, the model having the least minimum square error was selected. This model was then linked with GUI for the design of tools for hepatitis prediction.
Optogenetic control of genetically-targeted pyramidal neuron activity in prefrontal cortex
Authors: Baratta Michael , Nakamura Shinya , Dobelis Peter , Pomrenze Matthew , Dolzani Samuel , Cooper Donald 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA salient feature of prefrontal cortex organization is the vast diversity of cell types that support the temporal integration of events required for sculpting future responses. A major obstacle in understanding the routing of information among prefrontal neuronal subtypes is the inability to manipulate the electrical activity of genetically defined cell types over behaviorally relevant timescales and activity patterns. To address these constraints, we present here a simple approach for selective activation of prefrontal excitatory neurons in both in vitro and in vivo preparations. Rat prelimbic pyramidal neurons were genetically targeted to express a light--activated nonselective cation channel, channelrhodopsin--2, or a light--driven inward chloride pump, halorhodopsin, which enabled them to be rapidly and reversibly activated or inhibited by pulses of light. These light responsive tools provide a spatially and temporally precise means of studying how different cell types contribute to information processing in cortical circuits. Our customized optrodes and optical commutators for in vivo recording allow for efficient light delivery and recording and can be requested at www.neuro--cloud.net/nature-precedings/baratta.
Dispersal Pattern of Injectate after Lumbar Interlaminar Epidural Spinal Injection Evaluated with Computerized Tomography
Authors: Paisley Kevin , Jeffries Joel , Monroe Mark , Choma Ted 
Published: April 2012

Study Design Retrospective analysis of lumbar computed tomographic epidurograms. Objective To evaluate the dispersal pattern of injectate after interlaminar lumbar epidural steroid injections. Summary Prior studies have evaluated the dispersal patterns of injectate after lumbar epidural steroid injections using fluoroscopy with varying results. To date, there have been no studies evaluating the dispersal pattern utilizing computerized tomography. Methods Ten epidurograms were analyzed after lumbar interlaminar epidural steroid injection. The epidurograms were examined, evaluating the dispersal pattern in longitudinal flow as well as circumferential flow. In addition, pain values were assessed with the visual analogue scale. Results Mean diffusion in the rostral direction was 9.8 cm (standard deviation 4.0 cm, range 4.0 to 15.0 cm). Mean diffusion in the caudal direction was 5.4 cm (standard deviation 1.4 cm, range 3.0 to 8.0 cm). Both rostral and caudal flow had a p value < 0.001. The circumferential flow was 360 degrees in 9 of 10 cases. In addition, there was significant ( p = 0.006) reduction in pain. Conclusion Interlaminar lumbar epidural steroid injections are an effective treatment modality for various spine-related conditions. The injectate diffuses throughout the epidural space with nearly uniform circumferential flow as well as significant rostral and caudal flow.
Large third-order optical nonlinearity of Mg-doped PbS/PVA freestanding nanocomposite films
Authors: Krishnakumar V , Shanmugam G , Nagalakshmi R 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Mg-doped PbS/PVA freestanding nanocomposite films were successfully prepared by a simple chemical route. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the formation of all the films with cubic phase of PbS. Optical absorption spectra showed the blue shifted phenomena and the band gaps of Mg : PbS/PVA films increase with an increase in Mg concentration. The increase in resistivity with reducing particle size was examined for these films. The Z-scan results showed that the freestanding nanocomposite films exhibit the large nonlinear refractive index and absorption coefficients with negative sign and they are increased with Mg doping. Third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and figure of merit were calculated and the maximum value is found to be about 3.405 × 10−5 esu and 2.067 × 10−9 esu m, respectively, for higher Mg-doped film which is three orders of magnitude larger than that observed in the substrate-supported films as reported earlier in the literature. The results show that the Mg : PbS/PVA films have great potential applications in future optical devices.
Dye-sensitized solar cell with a pair of carbon-based electrodes
Authors: Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Tantang Hosea , Wu Tao , Ke Lin , Wei Jun , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Zhang Qichun , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe have fabricated a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with a pair of carbon-based electrodes using a transparent, conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) film modified with ultra-thin titanium-sub-oxide (TiOx) as the working electrode and a bilayer of conductive CNTs and carbon black as the counter electrode. Without TiOxmodification, the DSSC is almost nonfunctional whereas the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increases significantly when the working electrode is modified with TiOx. The performance of the cell could be further improved when the carbon black film was added on the counter electrode. The improved efficiency can be attributed to the inhibition of the mass recombination at the working electrode/electrolyte interface by TiOxand the acceleration of the electron transfer kinetics at the counter electrode by carbon black. The DSSC with a pair of carbon-based electrodes gives the PCE of 1.37%.
The Impact and Burden of Chronic Pain in the Workplace: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Patel Ajay S. , Farquharson Rachel , Carroll Dawn , Moore Andrew , Phillips Ceri J. , Taylor Rod S. , Barden Jodie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: Chronic pain (CP) poses a diverse and substantial burden for employees, employers, and society. The deleterious consequences of CP in the workplace are frequently underestimated.Objective: To estimate the burden of CP in the European workplace.Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA statement guidelines was conducted to identify studies reporting work‐related outcomes for people with CP. EMBASE, MEDLINE, EconLit, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to 18th August 2010.Results: We identified 91 observational studies. Few were specifically designed to investigate the association between CP, productivity, and employment. The focus for this review was studies clearly reporting outcomes relating to the burden of CP on employment status (n = 37), sickness absence (absenteeism,n = 47), and loss of productivity because of reduced ability at work (presenteeism,n = 8).Conclusion: The body of evidence identified from the systematic review indicates that CP has a substantial negative impact on work‐related outcomes, supporting the importance of interventions to reduce the burden of CP. Well‐designed prospective studies specifically assessing the direct consequences of CP on employment are needed to confirm these findings.
Can epigenetic control explain pronounced within-plant heterogeneity of meiosis in a translocation trisome ofSecaleL.?
Authors: Sybenga J. 
Published: April 2012

Meiotic metaphase I configuration frequencies were determined in different tillers of genetically related plants of rye ( Secale cereale L.) heterozygous for reciprocal translocation T248W (between chromosome arms 1RS and 6RS) and with an additional (telocentric) arm 1RS. Seventeen different configurations could be recognized, grouped into three categories. Very different configuration frequencies were found not only between sister plants from the same parents but also between tillers of the same plant grown under identical conditions (climate chambers at 15 °C and 20 °C). The heterogeneity reflects variation in chromosome pairing and crossing over, and is variable and unpredictable. Anthers within florets were homogeneous. Between tiller heterogeneity is insufficient to explain differences between sister plants. It is ascribed to random somatic variation in the conditions of the chromatin which, at meiosis, govern chromosome pairing. During sexual differentiation, these conditions are fixed and subsequent cell lineages have the same pairing and crossing over characteristics. As homology search is an activity of DNA, this control of pairing and crossing over, consistent over long cell lineages, may be considered to be epigenetic even when no realistic suggestions concerning its character can be given.