bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rapid screening method for prenylated flavonoids with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry in licorice root extracts
Authors: Simons Rudy , Vincken Jean‐Paul , Bakx Edwin J. , Verbruggen Marian A. , Gruppen Harry 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDue to their substitution with an isoprenoid group, prenylated flavonoids have an increased affinity for biological membranes and target proteins, enhancing their potential bioactivity. Although many prenylated flavonoids have been described, there are no methods that specifically screen for their presence in complex mixtures, prior to purification. We describe a method based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) that allows rapid screening for prenylated flavonoids in multi‐component plant extracts. Identification of the prenylated flavonoids is based on screening for neutral losses of 42 u and 56 u in the positive‐ion mode MS2 and MS3 spectra within the MS chromatograms. In addition, this method discriminates between a prenyl chain and a ring‐closed prenyl (pyran ring), based on the ratio of the relative abundances of the ions that lose 42 u and 56 u (42:56). The application of this screening method on a 70% aq. ethanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra indicated the presence of 70 mono‐ and di‐prenylated flavonoids. In addition, of each prenylated flavonoid the type of prenylation, chain or pyran ring was determined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Macroscopic and Microscopic Effects of Radiofrequency Injury in the Porcine Tongue
Authors: Ge Norman N. , Schalch Paul , Senders Craig W. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVECurrent treatment protocols for obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome with radiofrequency ablation of the base of the tongue are empiric. Injecting local anesthetics and saline into the treatment site is believed to shorten treatment duration and improve results. Our objective is to compare lesions at different energy levels, both macroscopically and histologically, and to determine if electrolyte solution injection results in a larger lesion.STUDY DESIGNA prospective, experimental animal study.SETTINGUniversity‐affiliated institution.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFive pigs each received four treatments on the right and four on the left side of the tongue. Three of four treatments were applied sequentially by increasing length of exposure (15, 30, or 60 seconds), and the fourth was conducted over 15 seconds after injecting 1 cc of a 1:1 local anesthetic‐saline solution into the treatment site. The animals were recovered for three days and then sacrificed. Macroscopic measurements for each lesion were analyzed, and histological comparison was performed.RESULTSThe average volume of the lesions was 57.36, 65.18, and 60.50 mm3 for treatment durations of 60, 30, and 15 seconds, respectively, and there was no significant difference. Lesion volume at sites where anesthetic‐saline was injected had a mean volume of 36.72 mm3. Paired comparison against the three treatment durations revealed significantly smaller lesion volume size (P = 0.0041, 0.0007, 0.0047, respectively).CONCLUSIONThe lesions created with radiofrequency energy were consistent and predictable. The volumes of the lesions did not differ significantly with regard to different energy levels. The lesion was significantly smaller after injection of anestheticsaline at the treatment site.
Our Initial Experience of the Transaxillary Totally Endoscopic Approach for Hemithyroidectomy
Authors: Chang Eugene H. , Lobe Thom E. , Wright Simon K. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVETo report our initial experience with the transaxillary totally endoscopic (TATE) approach to the thyroid gland.STUDY DESIGNA historic cohort study of patients undergoing TATE procedures compared with open procedures for hemi‐thyroidectomy with isthmusectomy.SETTINGPrivate‐practice otolaryngology group.SUBJECT AND METHODSPatients selected for benign thyroid disease confirmed by fine‐needle aspiration and requiring hemithyroidectomy with isthmusectomy. A historic cohort study of 24 patients who underwent TATE procedures for hemithyroidectomy with isthmusectomy. Comparison of the first 10 TATE approaches to a control group of 10 consecutive open approaches by the senior author's group.RESULTSAll 24 TATE patients were successful without the need to convert to an open procedure. The TATE approach had longer operative times than the open group (142 vs 105), but these operative times decreased as the number of procedures increased (first five TATE = 170, last five TATE = 114, n = 24, average = 114). No patients had peri‐ or postoperative complications.CONCLUSIONSThe TATE approach to the thyroid gland is safe and effective. Operative time is longer but decreases with experience. The TATE approach is one option to treat young patients with unilateral benign thyroid disease who are seeking to avoid visible scars and limit morbidity.
Topical Sucralfate in Post‐Adenotonsillectomy Analgesia in Children
Authors: Miura Mauricio Schreiner , Saleh Catia , de Andrade Marina , Assmann Melina , Ayres Marcio , Neto José Faibes Lubianca 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVESTonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, is one of the most common surgical procedures in pediatric otolaryngology. Despite its relative simplicity, pain is the main cause of morbidity in the postoperative period. We determined the effect of topical sucralfate on reduction of oropharyngeal pain in children submitted to adenotonsillectomy. Secondary outcomes were otalgia, analgesic use, type of diet, secondary bleeding, vomiting, fever, and weight loss.STUDY DESIGNDouble‐blind, randomized clinical trial.SETTINGTertiary hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSEighty‐two children of both sexes between four and 12 years old submitted to adenotonsillectomy were evaluated. They were allocated to receive topical sucralfate or placebo in intraoperative and postoperative periods four times a day for five days. Pain was measured through faces pain scale.RESULTSReduction in oropharyngeal pain was significant with use of sucralfate during five days of evaluation (mean, 95% confidence interval, and P value); day 1: 2.05, 1.53–2.58, P = 0.000; day 2: 2.1, 1.51–2.70, P = 0.001; day 3: 1.44, 0.88–1.99, P = 0.003; day 4: 1.13, 0.58–1.55, P = 0.027; day 5: 0.67, 0.26–1.04, P = 0.021). There was no difference in secondary outcomes.CONCLUSIONWe found beneficial effect of use of sucralfate in reduction of oropharyngeal pain in the postoperative period of adenotonsillectomy. However, topical sucralfate does not have a potent effect to the point of being utilized as a single analgesic treatment. Because it is simple, safe, tolerated, and low‐cost, it is an important tool as adjuvant treatment of post‐tonsillectomy pain.
Prevalence and Reliability of Self‐Reported Authorship Disclosures in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil , Lin Harrison W. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVEDetermine reliability of self‐reported authorship disclosures of potential conflicts of interest in American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO‐HNSF)–sponsored presentations and publications.STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGRetrospective cohort study at academic center.METHODSPresenters' self‐reported disclosures made at the AAO‐HNSF annual meeting for calendar years 2006 and 2007 were tabulated. Subsequent publications related to these presentations in the journal Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery were analyzed with respect to disclosures revealed at the time of publication. Discrepancies between annual meeting disclosures and publication print disclosures were identified according to author and presentation/paper. Reliability statistics were computed to determine consistency of disclosure reporting and an analysis of potential conflicts of interest according to discrepancies was performed.RESULTSFive hundred seventy‐eight presenters' disclosures were identified at the annual meeting level, which ultimately led to 153 journal publications. A total of 51 authors (8.8%) with disclosure reporting discrepancies were identified (32 authors: one discrepancy; 11 authors: two discrepancies; eight authors: three or more discrepancies). Overall, a mean of 0.14 discrepancies per author (95% confidence interval: 0.10–0.19 discrepancies) was noted. Analyzed by publication, 39 papers (25.5%) contained one or more disclosure discrepancies among authors, ranging from one discrepancy (11.8% of papers) to nine discrepancies (0.7%), with an average of 2.1 authorship disclosure discrepancies per paper.CONCLUSIONSA significant percentage of authors' disclosures differ between time of presentation and subsequent publication within otolaryngology. Although valid reasons for these discrepancies may exist, analysis of these discrepancies is important for conflict‐of‐interest determination.
Effect of Microporous Polysaccharide Hemospheres (MPH) on Bleeding after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Antisdel Jastin L. , West‐Denning Jackie L. , Sindwani Raj 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVESAbsorbable hemostatic agents are commonly used after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). MPH (microporous polysaccharide hemospheres) is a novel hemostatic powder that is rapidly absorbed. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of MPH on bleeding after ESS.STUDY DESIGNRandomized, controlled, single‐blinded.SETTINGTertiary university hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSPatients undergoing bilateral (symmetric) ESS for CRS by the same surgeon were randomized to unilateral treatment with MPH at surgical conclusion. The untreated opposite side served as a control. All patients received standard postoperative management. Patients completed symptom diaries using visual analog scales (VAS, scored out of 100) at baseline and through postoperative day (POD) 30. Outcomes including bleeding, pain, obstruction, and nasal discharge were recorded separately for left and right sides.RESULTSForty patients (19 men, 21 women) with an average age of 48.3 years were included. There were no complications, and all patients were discharged home the same day. The mean bleeding score on POD one for MPH‐treated sides was 22.5 vs 39.0 for untreated controls (mean reduction 16.5, P < 0.0001, 95% CI −23.2 to −9.7). The scores for bleeding at baseline and at all other post‐treatment days were not significantly different (P > 0.05). There were no other significant differences between MPH‐treated and control sides in any other variables measured.CONCLUSIONThe use of MPH after ESS results in significantly less bleeding in the early postoperative period with no increase in pain, obstruction, or nasal discharge. Patients treated with MPH follow a normal postoperative recovery otherwise.
Acute effects of different types of oil consumption on endothelial function, oxidative stress status and vascular inflammation in healthy volunteers
Authors: Tousoulis Dimitris , Papageorgiou Nikolaos , Antoniades Charalambos , Giolis Anastasios , Bouras George , Gounari Panagiota , Stefanadi Elli , Miliou Antigoni , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Stefanadis Christodoulos 
Published: August 2009

Consumption of different types of oil may have different effects on cardiovascular risk. The exact role of maize oil, cod liver oil, soya oil and extra virgin olive oil on endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammation is unknown. We evaluated the effect of acute consumption of these types of oil on endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammation in healthy adults. Thirty-seven healthy volunteers were randomised to receive an oral amount of each type of oil or water. Endothelial function was evaluated by gauge-strain plethysmography at baseline and 1, 2 and 3 h after consumption. Oxidative stress status was determined by total lipid peroxides (PEROX), while inflammatory process was estimated by measuring the soluble form of vascular adhesion molecule 1. Serum levels of the two previous markers were measured at baseline and 3 h after oil consumption. Reactive hyperaemia (RH) was significantly decreased after maize oil consumption compared with controls (P < 0·05). However, the consumption of cod liver oil and soya oil induced a significant improvement of RH after 1 h, compared with controls (P < 0·05). There was no significant effect of any type of oil consumption on endothelium-independent dilatation, total lipid PEROX and vascular adhesion molecule 1 serum levels. Consumption of maize oil leads to impaired endothelial function, while soya oil and cod liver oil slightly improve endothelial function. However, all types of oils did not affect inflammatory process and systemic oxidative stress, suggesting that their effect on endothelial function may not be mediated by free radicals bioavailability.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for investigating the safety of GM feed ingredients (soya and maize); performance, stress response and uptake of dietary DNA sequences
Authors: Sissener Nini H. , Johannessen Lene E. , Hevrøy Ernst M. , Wiik-Nielsen Christer R. , Berdal Knut G. , Nordgreen Andreas , Hemre Gro-Ingunn 
Published: August 2009

A 20-d zebrafish (Danio rerio) feeding trial, in which a near doubling of fish weight was achieved, was conducted with GM feed ingredients to evaluate feed intake, growth, stress response and uptake of dietary DNA. A partial aim of the study was to assess zebrafish as a model organism in GM safety assessments. Roundup Ready®soya (RRS®), YieldGard®Bt maize (MON810) and their non-modified, maternal, near-isogenic lines were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Soya variety and maize variety were the main factors, both with two levels; non-GM and GM. Compared with fish fed non-GM maize, those fed GM maize exhibited significantly better growth, had lower mRNA transcription levels ofsuperoxide dismutase (SOD)-1and a tendency (non-significant) towards lower transcription ofheat shock protein 70in liver. Sex of the fish and soya variety had significant interaction effects on total RNA yield from the whole liver and transcription ofSOD-1, suggesting that some diet component affecting males and females differently was present in different levels in the GM and the non-GM soya used in the present study. Dietary DNA sequences were detected in all of the organs analysed, but not all of the samples. Soya and maizerubisco(non-transgenic, multicopy genes) were most frequently detected, while MON810 transgenic DNA fragments were detected in some samples and RRS®fragments were not detected. In conclusion, zebrafish shows promise as a model for this application.
Agrarian Capitalism and Rural Labour: The Hacienda System in Central Chile, 1870–1920
Authors: ROBLES-ORTIZ CLAUDIO 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUsing a variety of new sources directly pertaining to different types of rural estate, and contrary to interpretations of rural Chile as a traditional society unaffected by economic modernisation, this article analyses the transition of the hacienda system in central Chile towards agrarian capitalism during the period of export-led growth from the 1860s to 1930. It argues that the expansion of the ‘landowner enterprise’, along with developments in mechanisation and irrigation, resulted in the marginalisation of the precarious ‘peasant enterprises’ operated by tenants and the gradual proletarianisation of the agricultural workforce. The development of agrarian capitalism transformed the collective action of rural workers, which assumed modern forms such as strikes and unionisation, and thus became significant in national politics. The first wave of rural conflicts, which took place in the early 1920s, can therefore be understood as the response of the emerging rural working class to the agrarian expansion that Chile experienced as part of the process of capitalist modernisation.
The response dynamics of primate visual cortical neurons to simulated optical blur
Authors: RISNER MICHAEL L. , GAWNE TIMOTHY J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNeurons in visual cortical area V1 typically respond well to lines or edges of specific orientations. There have been many studies investigating how the responses of these neurons to an oriented edge are affected by changes in luminance contrast. However, in natural images, edges vary not only in contrast but also in the degree of blur, both because of changes in focus and also because shadows are not sharp. The effect of blur on the response dynamics of visual cortical neurons has not been explored. We presented luminance-defined single edges in the receptive fields of parafoveal (1–6 deg eccentric) V1 neurons of two macaque monkeys trained to fixate a spot of light. We varied the width of the blurred region of the edge stimuli up to 0.36 deg of visual angle. Even though the neurons responded robustly to stimuli that only contained high spatial frequencies and 0.36 deg is much larger than the limits of acuity at this eccentricity, changing the degree of blur had minimal effect on the responses of these neurons to the edge. Primates need to measure blur at the fovea to evaluate image quality and control accommodation, but this might only involve a specialist subpopulation of neurons. If visual cortical neurons in general responded differently to sharp and blurred stimuli, then this could provide a cue for form perception, for example, by helping to disambiguate the luminance edges created by real objects from those created by shadows. On the other hand, it might be important to avoid the distraction of changing blur as objects move in and out of the plane of fixation. Our results support the latter hypothesis: the responses of parafoveal V1 neurons are largely unaffected by changes in blur over a wide range.
German fricatives: coda devoicing or positional faithfulness?
Authors: Beckman Jill , Jessen Michael , Ringen Catherine 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper we show how Jessen & Ringen's (2002) analysis of voicing in German stops can be extended to account for the voicing of German fricatives. It is argued that while stops in German contrast for the feature [spread glottis], fricatives contrast for [voice] (and [spread glottis]). Our analysis, which involves presonorant faithfulness, is compared to an analysis with coda devoicing. We show that the two analyses make crucially different predictions, and present experimental evidence in support of the presonorant faithfulness analysis. The experimental results show considerable variation, which can be accommodated in our OT analysis.
Post-traumatic amnesia and the nature of post-traumatic stress disorder after mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: BRYANT RICHARD A. , CREAMER MARK , O’DONNELL MEAGHAN , SILOVE DERRICK , CLARK C. RICHARD , MCFARLANE ALEXANDER C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe prevalence and nature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is controversial because of the apparent paradox of suffering PTSD with impaired memory for the traumatic event. In this study, 1167 survivors of traumatic injury (MTBI: 459, No TBI: 708) were assessed for PTSD symptoms and post-traumatic amnesia during hospitalization, and were subsequently assessed for PTSD 3 months later (N = 920). At the follow-up assessment, 90 (9.4%) patients met criteria for PTSD (MTBI: 50, 11.8%; No-TBI: 40, 7.5%); MTBI patients were more likely to develop PTSD than no-TBI patients, after controlling for injury severity (adjusted odds ratio: 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.78–2.94). Longer post-traumatic amnesia was associated with less severe intrusive memories at the acute assessment. These findings indicate that PTSD may be more likely following MTBI, however, longer post-traumatic amnesia appears to be protective against selected re-experiencing symptoms. (JINS, 2009, 15, 862–867.)
An ecological analysis of factors associated with food insecurity in South Australia, 2002–7
Authors: Foley Wendy , Ward Paul , Carter Patricia , Coveney John , Tsourtos George , Taylor Anne 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the extent of food insecurity in South Australia and its relationship with a variety of socio-economic variables.DesignData collected routinely from 2002 to 2007 by SA Health were analysed to explore food security in the State’s population. An ecological analysis of data collected by the South Australian Monitoring and Surveillance System (SAMSS) that collects data on key health indicators. Questions on food security are asked periodically from July 2002 to December 2007.SettingSouth Australia.SubjectsOver 37 000 interviewees took part in SAMSS surveys. Questions about food security were asked of 19 037 subjects. The sample was weighted by area, age and gender so that the results were representative of the South Australian population.ResultsSeven per cent (1342/19 037) of subjects reported running out of food during the previous year and not having enough money to buy food (food insecurity). Logistic regression analysis found food insecurity to be highest in households with low levels of education, limited capacity to save money, Aboriginal households, and households with three or more children.ConclusionsThe study confirms that food insecurity is strongly linked to economic disadvantage. Increasing cost of food is likely to exacerbate food insecurity. This is of concern given that food insecurity is associated with poor health, especially obesity and chronic disease. Comprehensive action at all levels is required to address root causes of food insecurity. Regular surveillance is required to continue to monitor levels of food security, but more in-depth understandings, via qualitative research, would be useful.
Iron status in pregnant women in the Republic of Seychelles
Authors: Duffy Emeir M , Bonham Maxine P , Wallace Julie MW , Chang Chin-Kuo , Robson Paula J , Myers Gary J , Davidson Philip W , Clarkson Thomas W , Shamlaye Conrad F , Strain JJ 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the Fe status of pregnant women and their neonates in the Republic of Seychelles.DesignA prospective study.SettingRepublic of Seychelles.SubjectsPregnant women were recruited and blood samples taken at enrolment and post-delivery along with cord blood samples. Ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were measured in maternal (n220) and cord blood (n123) samples.ResultsMaternal Fe deficiency (ferritin < 15 ng/ml, sTfR > 28 nmol/l) was present in 6 % of subjects at enrolment and in 20 % at delivery. There was no significant decrease in maternal ferritin. A significant increase in sTfR was observed between enrolment and delivery (P< 0·001). Maternal BMI and use of Fe supplements at 28 weeks’ gestation were associated with improved maternal Fe status at delivery, whereas parity had a negative effect on sTfR and ferritin at delivery.ConclusionsFe status of pregnant Seychellois women was, on average, within normal ranges. The incidence of Fe deficiency throughout pregnancy in this population was similar to that in a Westernised population. Increased awareness of the importance of adequate Fe intake during pregnancy, particularly in multiparous women, is warranted.