Abstract 4257: Pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue penetration of the novel VEGFR-3/FAK inhibitor, Chloropyramine
Authors: Thudium Karen E. , Telang Urvi , Wang Ping , Diegelman Paula , Buitrago Sandra , Curtain Leslie , Kurenova Elena , Cance William , Fetterly Gerald 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Previous reports demonstrate that chloropyramine has anti-tumor efficacy as a single agent, and in combination with cytotoxic agents like doxorubicin through modulation of the FAK-VEGFR-3 pathway. Since limited information is available about the pharmacokinetics of chloropyramine, we investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the drug following a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection.
Methods: Female CD-1 mice received a single 50mg/kg dose of chloropyramine; plasma and tissue samples were collected at serial timepoints of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 hours. The tissues included brain, heart, spleen, liver, lung, muscle, and sternum. Each timepoint contained three mice. Chloropyramine concentrations were determined in both plasma and tissues, using a validated LC-MS/MS. Assay was validated with an LLOQ of 0.25ng/ml with the calibration curve ranging from 0.25-100ng/ml (3.42-12.4%CV). Noncompartmental PK analysis was performed using WinNonlin (Pharsight, Version 5.3). Pharmacokinetic parameters including: Maximal concentration (Cmax), terminal elimination half life (T1/2), area under the curve (AUC0-6hr), apparent clearance (Cl/F), apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F), and partition coefficients (Kp).
Results: Following IP injection, chloropyramine followed either a mono- or bi-exponential decay in both plasma and tissues. Chloropyramine is cleared from plasma and all tissues within 12hr; thus chloropyramine does not exhibit a great potential for accumulation. Cmax was achieved within 1.0 hour for plasma and all tissues. Chloropyramine distributes well into various tissues such as the spleen, liver, lung, kidney, brain, and heart. The highest level of chloropyramine was achieved in lung tissue with a mean (sd) Cmax concentrations of 41.6 (11.6) μg/ml, respectively. In contrast, the mean Cmax in plasma was approximately 0.5 μg/ml; much less compared to tissues. The mean T1/2 was 0.83 (0.19) hr. The lungs exhibited the highest total tissue penetration of chloropyramine, representing a mean AUC of 51.3 μg-hr/g. The least total exposure was in muscle, with a mean AUC of 8.5 μg-hr/g. The apparent CL/F from plasma was 28.5 L/hr/kg while it was 0.9 L/hr/kg for lung tissue.
Conclusions: These results illustrate the wide tissue distribution of chloropyramine, despite of the short plasma half-life. In addition, these results are of great importance because it provides supportive evidence of the tissue levels that will lead to anti-tumor efficacy through inhibition of FAK and VEGFR-3. Thus, evaluation of plasma and tissue concentrations of the drug elucidates the pharmacokinetics of this compound in an effort to identify target tissues into which it has a high degree of penetration to maximize antitumor efficacy.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4257. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4257