bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis and Manipulation of Alkali Metal Cations at the Cathode Surface in Membrane Electrode Assembly Electrolyzers for CO2 Reduction Reactions
Authors: Kato Shintaro , Ito Shotaro , Nakahata Shoko , Kurihara Ryo , Harada Takashi , Nakanishi Shuji , Kamiya Kazuhide 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe stable operation of the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzers is known to be hindered by the accumulation of bicarbonate salt, which are derived from alkali metal cations in anolytes, on the cathode side. In this study, we conducted a quantitative evaluation of the correlation between the CO2RR activity and the transported alkali metal cations in MEA electrolyzers. As a result, although the presence of transported alkali metal cations on the cathode surface significantly contributes to the generation of C2+ compounds, the rate of K+ ion transport did not match the selectivity of C2+, suggesting that a continuous supply of high amount of K+ to the cathode surface is not required for C2+ formation. Based on these findings, we achieved a faradaic efficiency (FE) and a partial current density for C2+ of 77 % and 230 mA cm−2, respectively, even after switching the anode solution from 0.1 M KHCO3 to a dilute K+ solution (<7 mM). These values were almost identical to those when 0.1 M KHCO3 was continuously supplied. Based on this insight, we successfully improved the durability of the system against salt precipitation by intermittently supplying concentrated KHCO3, compared with the continuous supply.
How to map biomes: Quantitative comparison and review of biome‐mapping methods
Authors: Champreux Antoine , Saltré Frédérik , Traylor Wolfgang , Hickler Thomas , Bradshaw Corey J. A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiomes are large‐scale ecosystems occupying large spaces. The biome concept should theoretically facilitate scientific synthesis of global‐scale studies of the past, present, and future biosphere. However, there is neither a consensus biome map nor universally accepted definition of terrestrial biomes, making joint interpretation and comparison of biome‐related studies difficult. “Desert,” “rainforest,” “tundra,” “grassland,” or “savanna,” while widely used terms in common language, have multiple definitions and no universally accepted spatial distribution. Fit‐for‐purpose classification schemes are necessary, so multiple biome‐mapping methods should for now co‐exist. In this review, we compare biome‐mapping methods, first conceptually, then quantitatively. To facilitate the description of the diversity of approaches, we group the extant diversity of past, present, and future global‐scale biome‐mapping methods into three main families that differ by the feature captured, the mapping technique, and the nature of observation used: (1) compilation biome maps from expert elicitation, (2) functional biome maps from vegetation physiognomy, and (3) simulated biome maps from vegetation modeling. We design a protocol to measure and quantify spatially the pairwise agreement between biome maps. We then illustrate the use of such a protocol with a real‐world application by investigating the potential ecological drivers of disagreement between four broadly used, modern global biome maps. In this example, we quantify that the strongest disagreement among biome maps generally occurs in landscapes altered by human activities and moderately covered by vegetation. Such disagreements are sources of bias when combining several biome classifications. When aiming to produce realistic biome maps, biases could be minimized by promoting schemes using observations rather than predictions, while simultaneously considering the effect of humans and other ecosystem engineers in the definition. Throughout this review, we provide comparison and decision tools to navigate the diversity of approaches to encourage a more effective use of the biome concept.
A quantification and classification framework for water temperature variation features induced by climate change and reservoir construction and operation: Application to the middle Yangtze River
Authors: Wang Xu , Shen Yong‐Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRiverine water temperature (WT) is a crucial factor affecting habitat quality and ecological effect of aquatic ecosystems. To accurately quantify and classify WT variation features caused by climate change and reservoir construction and operation, a framework was developed that integrates multivariate vine copula model for accurately reconstructing the WT process and general evaluation indicators for comprehensively characterizing of WT variation. In this framework, month‐wise R‐vine copula models were employed to depict the multivariate dependence structure between WT and related hydrometeorological factors, and the change of WT process in the fluctuation range and thermal deviation was analogized as the change of simple harmonic wave in amplitude and phase. A testing‐oriented application of this framework in Yichang section of the Yangtze River highlighted that climate change and the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) dominated or participated in the fluctuation range changing and phase deviation of different monthly WT processes, as the ratios of affected months were 1.08:1 and 1.25:1 during the construction phase, and 1:2 and 1:1.28 during the operation phase. WT process also exhibited diverse monthly variation trends during construction and operation phases of the TGR. Therefore, it is inappropriate to neglect the impact of the TGR construction phase and climate change on WT variation. The proposed framework achieved systematic quantification and attribution analysis of WT variation, thereby providing an enhanced understanding of the variation characteristics of river thermal regimes under the individual and combined effects of climate change and artificial reservoir. Considering the significant influence of WT variation on aquatic organism reproduction, the identification of the sources and categories of monthly WT variation can also serve as a foundation for future targeted thermal and hydrological regime regulation, aiming to protecting aquatic species and preventing biodiversity loss.
The ironic impact of schadenfreude: When the joy of inflicting pain leads to increased prosocial behavior
Authors: Zemack‐Rugar Yael , Boman Laura , Kramer Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present work investigates a commonly used but heretofore unexamined donation appeal: a misfortune‐involving appeal. Misfortune‐involving appeals (e.g., dunk tanks, pie tosses) invite consumers to donate to inflict misfortune on others. The process via which such appeals operate remains unknown and guidelines for their effective design are nonexistent. We propose that misfortune‐involving appeals that invite consumers to inflict mild misfortune on deserving targets enable consumers to deliver interpersonal justice, thus eliciting schadenfreude. In turn, schadenfreude increases donation amounts. Six studies demonstrate such increases, establishing the mediating role of schadenfreude, addressing alternative explanations (e.g., licensing and sadism), and identifying boundary conditions. Theoretically, our work is the first to question a common prior assumption: that schadenfreude only occurs when consumers passively observe misfortune. Instead, we show that schadenfreude also emerges when consumers actively inflict misfortune. This finding refines the distinction between schadenfreude and sadism; we show that this distinction relies not on consumers' active/passive role, but on misfortune severity. Our findings expand the understanding of schadenfreude's role in the marketplace, opening the door for future research.
Narrative therapy and family therapy in genetic counseling: A scoping review
Authors: Dane Aimee , Berkman Jennifer , DeBortoli Emily , Wallingford Courtney K. , Yanes Tatiane , McInerney‐Leo Aideen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGenetic counseling facilitates psychological and social adaptation in clients and families. Two psychotherapeutic approaches, narrative and family therapy foster client adaptation to adverse situations and may enhance the genetic counseling process. This scoping review aimed to describe the applications of narrative therapy and family therapy in genetic counseling, and to document the actual and perceived value of these approaches in a genetic counseling setting. Nine original research articles and six commentary articles met the study inclusion criteria. Original articles reported on positive client attitudes when these approaches were applied to hereditary cancer and Huntington disease settings. Five studies applied either approach in group sessions, where safety was key to positive outcomes, including sharing lived experiences and coping strategies. Balanced utilization of structured and open elements in group sessions maximized a sense of control, while also allowing for opportunity to self‐disclose. Narrative therapy interventions were time efficient and were reported to foster connection with others and shape a new adaptive narrative centered around strengths. Family therapy approaches, based on experiential family therapy, the intersystem model, object relations family therapy, and the social ecology model, required a greater time commitment, but promoted disclosure of complex feelings and diffused tension. Family therapy genogram tools were feasible in practice, easy to implement, and effective at identifying communication barriers. Commentary articles highlighted the alignment of both approaches with genetic counseling goals and their potential value in practice. Utilization of psychotherapeutic approaches can improve counselors' ability to shape sessions, enhance insight and optimize efficacy, and flexibility in moving between models can maximize impact. This review highlights the paucity of studies investigating the efficacy of these psychotherapeutic approaches in the genetic counseling context and the need for more outcomes‐based research on the utilization of narrative or family therapy in genetic counseling practice.
Nano‐enhanced epoxy sandwich composites: Investigating mechanical properties for future aircraft construction
Authors: Mani Megavannan , Thiyagu M. , Afriyie Mensah Rhoda , Das Oisik , Shanmugam Vigneshwaran 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe aviation sector is continually seeking ways to reduce the weight of aircraft structures without compromising their mechanical integrity. Lightweight materials, such as advanced epoxy sandwich composites with hybrid nanostructures, have the potential to significantly contribute to fuel efficiency, thereby addressing environmental concerns and operational costs. This research investigates the mechanical properties of hybrid sandwich polymer composites filled with silica nanoparticles (SNiPs). Epoxy isocyanate (PU) foam sandwich composites were fabricated with kevlar fiber, carbon fiber, and glass fiber, constructed by alternating inclined interply bidirectional fiber and foam layers. SNiPs were introduced into the composite system at varying percentages, such as 0, 2, 4, and 6 wt%. The study employs a systematic approach, incorporating experimental testing, to assess key mechanical parameters, including tensile strength, flexural strength, and shear strength. The test results indicate that the incorporation of SNiPs improved the mechanical properties of the composites, leading to enhanced strength, toughness, and modulus of elasticity. Incorporation of composite laminates with 4 wt% SiNPs resulted in improved three‐point bending, tensile, shear, and torsional strengths, with maximum values of ca. 64, ca. 5, ca. 2 MPa, and ca. 22 Nm, respectively. The findings contribute to the ongoing pursuit of materials that can meet the stringent demands of modern aviation, ultimately paving the way for advancements in aircraft construction and design.
The role of natural products as PCSK9 modulators: A review
Authors: Khayatan Danial , Zare Kimia , Khanahmadi Maryam , Momtaz Saeideh , Butler Alexandra E. , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Almahmeed Wael , Abdolghaffari Amir Hossein , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA variety of mechanisms and drugs have been shown to attenuate cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset and/or progression. Recent researchers have identified a potential role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in modulating lipid metabolism and reducing plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. PCSK9 is the central protein in the metabolism of LDL cholesterol (LDL‐C) owing to its major function in LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation. Due to the close correlation of cardiovascular disease with lipid levels, many in vivo and in vitro investigations are currently underway studying the physiological role of PCSK9. Furthermore, many studies are actively investigating the mechanisms of various compounds that influence lipid associated‐disorders and their associated cardiovascular diseases. PCSK9 inhibitors have been shown to have significant impact in the prevention of emerging cardiovascular diseases. Natural products can effectively be used as PCSK9 inhibitors to control lipid levels through various mechanisms. In this review, we evaluate the role of phytochemicals and natural products in the regulation of PCSK9, and their ability to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, we describe their mechanisms of action, which have not to date been delineated.
Design, Synthesis, In vitro and In silico Alpha Glucosidase and Lipoxygenase Inhibition Studies of Copper(II) Oxamide Complexes
Authors: Malik Naseema Perveen , Ashiq Uzma , Jamal Rifat Ara , Gul Sana , Lateef Mehreen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetal complexes have pivotal applications in catalysis, photochemistry, and biological systems. Due to their unique chemical properties, metal complexes occupy a coveted place in the field of drug design. The present study includes the synthesis of symmetrical oxamides (O1–O11) and their copper complexes (C1–C11) that have potential to inhibit α‐glucosidase and lipoxygenase enzymes. To elucidate the structures of these compounds, spectroscopic investigations including mass spectrometry, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, UV‐Visible spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy were adapted along with CHN elemental analysis. The spectroscopic investigations suggested that the synthesized complexes to be square planar with metal to ligand ratio 1 : 2. All compounds were scanned for potential inhibitory studies against α‐glucosidase and lipoxygenase enzyme. Their structure activity relationships (SAR) were also established. It was found that all synthesized compounds are strong inhibitors of α‐glucosidase when compared to standard 1‐deoxynojirimycin. It was noteworthy that presence of substituent played a significant role for the enhancing potential inhibitory skills of the compounds. The results obtained were also compared with molecular docking studies. A similar inhibition trend was observed between experimental inhibitory activity and docking energies. The current work presents a special class of Cu(II) coordination complexes from the perspective of their biological as well as structural features.
Gauge symmetries and conserved currents in AdS/BCFT
Authors: Suzuki Kenta 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study massless/massive vector and p-form field perturbations in AdS spacetime with an end-of-the-world brane. By imposing Υ(1) preserving Neumann boundary condition on the end-of-the-world brane, we study their spectrum and discuss their implications for dual BCFT operators. When the perturbation is massless, the dual BCFT operator is a conserved current and we show that such an operator indeed satisfies the Υ(1) preserving conformal boundary condition. On the other hand, when the perturbation is massive, in general there exists non-vanishing perpendicular components of the dual BCFT operator, even in the massless limit. We explain this difference between massless and massive perturbations from the point of view of the bulk gauge symmetry, or equivalently from different structure of equations of motion. We also find several brane-tension-independent modes in massless perturbations, and these are understood as boundary-condition-independent modes from the dual BCFT point of view.
Perioperative Hyper-coagulation and Thrombosis: Cost Analysis After Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Dutta Puja , Nathan Meena , Emani Sitaram M. , Emani Sirisha , Ibla Juan C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThrombosis, a major adverse event of congenital heart surgery, has been associated with poor outcomes. We hypothesized that in CHD patients undergoing cardiac surgery, increased perioperative use of pro-coagulant products may be associated with postoperative thrombosis in the setting of hyperfibrinogenemia, leading to greater hospital and blood product costs. Single-center retrospective study. Data from Boston Children’s Hospital’s electronic health record database was used in this study. All patients undergoing congenital heart surgery between 2015 and 2018 with postoperative fibrinogen levels above 400 mg/dl were reviewed. Of 334 patients with high plasma fibrinogen levels, 28 (8.4%) developed postoperative thrombosis (median age: one year, 59% male). In our cohort, 25 (7%) demonstrated evidence of baseline hypercoagulability by one or more panel test results. Thrombosis was associated with greater hospital and blood product costs, longer ventilation times, and longer hospital and ICU length of stays. Preoperative hypercoagulable state (odds ratio: 2.58, 95% CI [1.07, 9.99], p = 0.002), postoperative red blood cell transfusion (odds ratio: 1.007, 95% CI [1.000, 1.015], p = 0.04), and single ventricle physiology (univariate odds ratio: 2.94, 95% CI [1.09, 7.89], p = 0.03) were predictors of postoperative thrombosis. Preoperative hypercoagulable state and intraoperative platelet transfusion were predictors of hospital cost. Thrombosis was associated with worse in-hospital outcomes and higher costs. Preoperative hypercoagulable state and postoperative red blood cell transfusion were significant predictors of thrombosis. Risk prediction models that can guide thrombosis prevention are needed to improve outcomes of patients undergoing congenital heart surgery.
An evaluation of a novel method for the MRI-based assessment of Caton-Deschamps index in the Knee
Authors: Palmowski Yannick , Jung Tobias , Hellwig Sarah , Oehme Stephan , Fahy Stephen , Bartek Benjamin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The radiographical assessment of patella height has historically been performed using X-Ray. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new method for the assessment of patella height using MRI and to assess the correlation with the X-Ray based assessment.

Materials and methods
159 patients who had both lateral radiographs and MRI images were included. Parameters measured included traditional radiographical CDI, MRI-based CDI, and TT-TG distance. On the basis of the TT-TG, the patients were divided into 2 groups. Two different methods were used to assess CDI using MRI: using a single slice image, and an alternative technique using two different cross-sectional images. The correlation of the two measurement methods was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was determined from the measurements of the two investigators.

Results
The average TT-TG distance was 11.6 mm (± 4.6). In patients with a TT-TG < 15 mm, both measurement methods showed comparable correlation with measurements on X-Ray. In patients with a TT-TG of > 15 the the new cross-sectional imaging method showed higher correlation with traditional X-Ray assessment compared to CDI assessment using the traditional single slice method (r = 0.594, p < 0.001 vs. r = 0.302, p = 0.055).

Conclusions
The assessment of CDI on MRI using a cross-sectional imaging method has a better correlation with traditional X-Ray assessment of CDI than single-slice assessment. This is particularly true in patients with elevated TT-TG and as such should be preferentially used in the assessment of Patellar height in this cohort.
A causal relationship between hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis, but not hyperthyroidism: evidence from the mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Mingyi , Su Yani , Xu Ke , Wen Pengfei , Guo Jianbin , Yang Zhi , Liu Lin , Xu Peng 
Published: June 2024

Summary
Objective
To investigate the genetic level causal association among hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
We utilized the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data for exposure (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) and outcome (RA) from the IEU OpenGWAS database. We used two different sets of data (test cohort and validation cohort) for causal assessment of exposure and outcome. To establish a causal relationship between these conditions, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Subsequently, we evaluated the MR analysis results for heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and outliers, aiming to assess the validity and reliability of the findings. Moreover, we conducted additional analyses to examine the robustness of the MR results, including a “Leave one out” analysis and the MR robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) method, ensuring the robustness and adherence to normal distribution assumptions.

Results
The findings from the test cohort indicated that hyperthyroidism did not exhibit a genetic causal association with RA (P = 0.702, odds ratio [OR] 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.021 [0.918–1.135]). Conversely, hypothyroidism displayed a positive genetic causal relationship with RA (P < 0.001, OR 95% CI = 1.239 [1.140–1.347]). The analysis results of the validation cohort are consistent with those of the test cohort. Notably, our MR analysis results demonstrated no evidence of heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, or outliers. Furthermore, our MR analysis results remained unaffected by any single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and exhibited a normal distribution.

Conclusion
The results of this study showed that hypothyroidism was positively correlated with RA, while hyperthyroidism was not causally correlated with RA. Hypothyroidism may as a risk factor of RA should be paid attention to in clinical work. Future studies are needed to further confirm this finding.