bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of a Statewide Anti-Tobacco Industry Youth Organizing Movement
Authors: Dunn Caroline L. , Pirie Phyllis L. , Oakes J. Michael 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To outline the design and present select findings from an evaluation of a statewide anti–tobacco industry youth organizing movement. Design. A telephone survey was administered to teenagers to assess associations between exposure to anti-industry youth organizing activities and tobacco-related attitudes and behaviors. A group-level comparison between areas high and low in youth organizing activities was planned. Methodological obstacles necessitated a subject-level analytic approach, with comparisons being made between youth at higher and lower levels of exposure. Setting. Six rural areas (comprising 13 counties) and two urban regions of Minnesota were selected for survey. Subjects. The study comprised 852 youth, aged 15 to 17 years old, randomly selected from county-specific sampling frames constructed from a marketing research database. Measures. Exposure index scores were developed for two types of activities designed to involve youth in the anti-industry program: branding (creating awareness of the movement in general) and messaging (informing about the movement's main messages). Attitudinal outcomes measured attitudes about the tobacco industry and the effectiveness of youth action. Behavioral outcomes included taking action to get involved in the organization, spreading an anti-industry message, and smoking susceptibility. Results. Branding index scores were significantly correlated with taking action to get involved (p ≤ .001) and spreading an anti-industry message (p ≤ .001)). Messaging index scores were significantly correlated with all five attitudinal constructs (all associations, p ≤ .001), taking action to get involved (p ≤ .001), and spreading an anti-industry message (p ≤ .01). The hypothesized association between messaging scores and susceptibility was not significant. Conclusion. A youth organizing effort, in combination with an intensive countermarketing media campaign, can be an effective strategy for involving youth in tobacco prevention and generating negative attitudes about the industry.
Predictors of Physical Activity Stage of Change among Adults with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Kosma Maria , Cardinal Bradley J. , McCubbin Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To use the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) constructs to examine the most important physical activity stage of change predictors for mostly inactive adults with physical disabilities. Methods. A cross-sectional survey completed on the Internet. One hundred fifty-one individuals with physical disabilities (50% response rate) completed the survey questionnaires. Self-report standardized measures were used. Results. A direct discriminant function analysis revealed that the most important stage of change predictors were the behavioral (r2 = .88) and cognitive (r2 = .50) processes of change, followed by self-efficacy (r2 = .33) and decisional balance (r2 = .13). The most accurate stages in prediction were the contemplation (76.3%), preparation (58.3%), and precontemplation (40%) stages, whereas the least accurate stages were the action (0.0%) and maintenance (8.3%) stages. Conclusion. Health promoters and educators may use strategies from the TTM to develop theory-driven physical activity motivational programs for the posited populace. Considering the cross-sectional design, study replication is warranted.
Definition and Endodontic Treatment of Dilacerated Canals: A Survey of Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics
Authors: Dastmalchi Nafiseh , Kazemi Zeinab , Hashemi Siroos , Peters Ove A , Jafarzadeh Hamid 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
To gather data from Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics regarding treatment of dilacerated canals.

Materials and methods
A questionnaire addressing definition, endodontic treatment procedures and prognosis was constructed and distributed via e-mail to 708 Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. Data from 150 respondents, a 21% response rate, were collected by using a Web-based interface. For statistical analysis, Chi-square tests were used.

Results
More than 25% of respondents believed that a dilacerated root should have a curvature > 40°. One-visit treatment is the best therapeutic approach and transportation is the most likely complication in preparation of these canals. A crown-down technique, watch-winding motion and a master apical file # 25 are the best choices for preparation of these canals. Any warm obturation technique is preferred over lateral compaction by most respondents.

Conclusion
A crown-down technique for root canal preparation and a thermoplastic obturation technique are recommended for canals whose curvature is more than 40°. The prognosis of the treatment of these canals is judged not lower than normal canals.

Clinical significance
Crown-down technique and thermoplastic obturation are recommended for dilacerated canals.

How to cite this article
Dastmalchi N, Kazemi Z, Hashemi S Peters OA, Jafarzadeh H. Definition and Endodontic Treatment of Dilacerated Canals: A Survey of Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):8-13.
A Retrospective Cephalometric Evaluation of Dental Changes with Activator and Activator Headgear Combination in the Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion
Authors: Kumar G Anil , Maheshwari Amit 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aims of this study were to evaluate the dental changes brought about by activator and activator headgear combination (ACHG) and to determine whether we can achieve control over the lower incisor proclination which is a side effect of using functional appliances; or not, while treating cases of skeletal class II malocclusions.

Methods
Lateral cephalograms of 45 skeletal class II division 1 patients were selected for the study. Fifteen of them were successfully treated with an Andresen activator and the other 15 with an activator headgear combination. Fifteen class II subjects who had declined treatment served as the control group. Cephalometric landmarks were marked by one author to avoid interobserver variability.

Results
The results revealed that both the activator and the activator headgear combination significantly (p < 0.001) affected dental variables measured. The mandibular incisor proclination was effectively controlled in the activator headgear combination group.

Conclusion
An activator headgear combination would offer itself as a better option compared with activator alone in the treatment of skeletal class II malocclusions especially in cases with proclined mandibular incisors.

Clinical significance
When one of the treatment goals is to achieve a greater control over mandibular incisor proclination in the treatment of Skeletal Class II malocclusions, employing a combination of activator and headgear may substantially improve clinical outcomes.

How to cite this article
Lall R, Kumar GA, Maheshwari A Kumar M. A Retrospective Cephalometric Evaluation of Dental Changes with Activator and Activator Headgear Combination in the Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):14-18.
A Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Upper Lip Length, Age and Sex on Amount of Exposure of Maxillary Anterior Teeth
Authors: Prajapati Paranjay , Sethuraman Rajesh , Naveen YG 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim was to evaluate the relationship of age, sex and lip length to the amount of exposure of maxillary incisors and canine teeth.

Materials and methods
Two-hundred subjects were enrolled in the study. All subjects were grouped according to the lip length and age. The exposure of maxillary central incisor and canines was measured with flexible millimeter ruler. Teeth exposure beyond the lower border of the upper lip was considered as positive exposure and the unexposed teeth were considered as negative exposure.

Result
In females of age group 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years, the mean exposure of central incisor was 2.16, 2.1, 2.18 mm and that of canine was 0.04, −0.36, −0.44 mm. For male of age group 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years exposed 2.04, 2.04, 1.84, 1.76 mm of central incisor respectively and 0.08, −0.52, −0.4 and −0.4 mm exposure of canine. Female subjects with lip length 10 to 15, 15 to 20, 21 to 25, 25 to 30 and 31 to 35 mm showed 3.7, 3.4, 2.3, 0.9, 0.25 mm exposure of central incisor and 0.35, −0.15, −0.7, −0.8, −0.6 mm exposure of canine, respectively. Male subjects exposed 3.4, 3.3, 2.05, 0.7, 0.15 mm of central incisor and 0.4, 0.3, −0.6, −0.95, −0.7 mm of canine respective to lip length.

Conclusion
The range of exposure of maxillary central incisors was wider than that of canine. The average dimensions for maxillary canines relating to age and sex were closer to the extremes of the range. The canine position relative to the maxillary lip appeared to be a more predictable determinant.

Clinical significance
The result of the study can be used as a reference according to the age, sex and the lip length of the patient to correctly place maxillary anterior teeth in prosthesis.

How to cite this article
Patel JR, Prajapati P, Sethuraman R YG N. A Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Upper Lip Length Age and Sex on Amount of Exposure of Maxillary Anterior Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):24-29.
Microbiological Appraisal of Three Different Brands of Commercially Available Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impression Materials: An in vitro Study
Authors: Patil Anand , Guru Rakshith , Saleem Mohammed , Singh Rajeev 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate factory-sealed containers of three different commercially available irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials for their microbial contamination and the type of microorganisms present.

Materials and methods
Thirty-six measured samples were taken of each brand and placed on chocolate agar plates or in thioglycolate broth tubes and were incubated along with appropriate parallel controls. After incubation, colonies were enumerated and identified using standard microbiological methods.

Results
The three brands contained viable microorganisms in 90% of the samples. Samples from the top, middle and bottom layers had approximately equal contamination frequencies. The concentration of organism varied from 25 to 74 CFUs per gram of contaminated sample.

Conclusion and clinical significance
The samples contained viable microorganism which may be potentially dangerous to immunocompromised patients.

How to cite this article
Guru R, Saleem M, Singh R, Patil A. Microbiological Appraisal of Three Different Brands of Commercially Available Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impression Materials: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):35-40.
Retrospective Study of 25 Cases of Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor: Epidemiology and Treatment
Authors: Schussel Juliana L , Stramandinoli Roberta T , Dissenha Jose Luis , Avila Lucia FC , Sassi Laurindo M 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KOT) is a benign odontogenic neoplasm with locally aggressive behavior and high recurrence rates. It is associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome which usually has a more rapid growth. The aim of the study is to report the experience of our service on diagnosis and treatment of KOT.

Materials and methods
Twenty-five cases of KOT were diagnosed between the years of 1989 and 2006. Demographic data was collected as well as diagnose and treatment.

Results
Fifty-six percent were female with a mean age of 33 years old. Seventy percent occurred in mandibula and all received surgical treatment, associate or not with adjuvant therapy, such as cryotherapy and Carnoy's solution. Recidive was observed in 48% of cases with a mean period of time of 18 months.

Conclusion
Our data analysis showed the importance of previous diagnosis before enucleation procedure and long-term follow-up for recurrence early detection. Recurrence incidence is more frequent on first year after diagnosis.

Clinical significance
KOT is a benign tumor with local aggressive behavior and therefore its treatment must consider the high index of recidive. Reports of protocol treatment should raise new discussion to decrease recurrence rates.

How to cite this article
Schussel JL, Stramandinoli RT, Dissenha JL, Avila LFC, Sassi LM. Retrospective Study of 25 Cases of Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor: Epidemiology and Treatment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):100-103.
Apical Force Distribution due to Orthodontic Forces: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Mathur Anirudh K , Sarmah Anirban , Pai Vinaya S , Chandrashekar G 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
This finite element study was conducted to calculate the distribution of stresses in the periodontal ligament when various orthodontic forces were applied, with emphasis on the effect on root apex.

Materials and methods
An in vitro finite element method was used to construct a three-dimensional finite element model of a maxillary central incisor, its periodontal ligament and alveolar bone was constructed on the basis of average anatomic morphology. To this model, five types of orthodontic forces namely tipping, bodily movement, intrusion, extrusion and rotations were applied at various points on the crown of the tooth model. After the application of the forces, initial stress and initial displacements of the periodontal ligament were evaluated. The principal stress obtained on the periodontal ligament due to various orthodontic loadings on the maxillary central incisor was analyzed using ANSYS 10 finite element software.

Results
It showed that the greatest amount of relative stress at the apex of maxillary central incisor occurred with intrusion, extrusion and rotation. Bodily movement and tipping forces produce stress concentrated at the alveolar crest and not at the root apex.

Conclusion
Clinical implications of this study suggest that if the clinician is concerned about placing heavy stresses on the root apex, then vertical and rotational forces must be applied with caution.

Clinical Significance
If heavy stresses are to be placed on the root apex, then vertical and rotational forces must be applied with caution during orthodontic therapy.

How to cite this article
Mathur AK, Gupta V, Sarmah A, Pai VS, Chandrashekar G. Apical Force Distribution due to Orthodontic Forces: A Finite Element Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):104-108.
Prosthetic Management of Edentulous Mandible using Endosseous Implants and Overdentures
Authors: Saleem Mohammed , Saleem Rayeesa , Meshack Rufus Allwyn 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
The choice of a suitable prosthesis for a specific case is determined to a great extent by the underlying residual bone as well as the mucosa. Also of significance are the expectations and demands of the patient from the prosthesis. The following case report discusses the rehabilitation of a complete edentulous mandibular arch with an implant retained mandibular over denture.

Clinical Significance
Implant retained fixed or removable prostheses are good treatment options in patients who have a compromised edentulous foundation.

How to cite this article
Saleem M, Saleem R, Meshack RA, Guru R. Prosthetic Management of Edentulous Mandible using Endosseous Implants and Overdentures. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):135-137.
Management of Severe Class II Malocclusion with Fixed Functional Appliance: Forsus
Authors: Vijayalakshmi PS , Veereshi AS 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Background
Management of class II malocclusion in adolescent patients by growth modulation is one of the most debated topics in orthodontics. Noncompliance has been a major concern for orthodontists.

Case report
This case report describes the management of severe class II malocclusion in adolescent patient using functional appliance system—Forsus to correct class II problems, which is clipped on to bands. This appliance has several advantages, as the patient cannot remove it. It acts on the teeth and jaws for 24 hours each day, patient cooperation is not a problem, and as a result the treatment time is short. There is lot of controversy about the use of functional appliances.

Conclusion
This case report illustrates that even today, functional appliances have a significant role in the management of class II malocclusion by using growth modulation. The growth modulation minimizes the necessity of extraction of permanent teeth and probably orthognathic surgery.

Clinical significance
Functional appliances have a significant role in the management of class II malocclusion. The growth modulation minimizes the necessity of extraction of permanent teeth and probably orthognathic surgery.

How to cite this article
Vijayalakshmi PS, Veereshi AS. Management of Severe Class II Malocclusion with Fixed Functional Appliance: Forsus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011; 12(3):216-220.
Testing Oligopolistic Behaviors: Conduct and Cost in Taiwan's Flour Market
Authors: Ma Tay‐Cheng 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTTesting the validity of the new empirical industrial organization (NEIO) proposition is often made more complicated by a lack of reliable cost data. Nevertheless, the author takes advantage of a more sophisticated dataset to directly measure cost in Taiwan's flour market. In contrast to the previous findings, the evidence indicates that the NEIO technique performs reasonably well in estimating both conduct and cost parameters.
Regional variation in prevalence of oral cleft live births in the Netherlands 1997–2007: Time‐trend analysis of data from three Dutch registries
Authors: Rozendaal Anna M. , Mohangoo Ashna D. , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. , Buitendijk Simone E. , Bakker Marian K. , Vermeij‐Keers Christl 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Eurocat registry Northern Netherlands (NNL) has been used in regional context, as well as in national/international context, to describe the epidemiology of oral clefts (OC). However, the region NNL seems to have prevalence data different from Dutch national registries and certain other European areas. This may be due to differences in registration methods or geographical variation. To investigate whether the prevalence of OC live births varies regionally in the Netherlands, we established time trends for NNL and the rest of the Netherlands over 1997–2007 using data from two national registries (the OC Registry and The Netherlands Perinatal Registry) and a regional registry (Eurocat NNL). We found that the overall live‐birth prevalence—comprising cleft lip/alveolus ± cleft palate and cleft palate only—was significantly higher in NNL (15.1–21.4 per 10,000) than in the rest of the Netherlands (13.2–16.1 per 10,000). None of the registries showed significant trends for NNL, whereas both national registries showed that the live‐birth prevalence of cleft lip/alveolus ± cleft palate decreased significantly in the rest of the Netherlands. Despite some differences in prevalence between the registries, they showed similar regional variation in prevalence and trends. In conclusion, the prevalence of OC live births varies significantly in the Netherlands, not only between but also within registries. This underlines that extrapolation of regional cleft data should be done with caution. To further investigate OC etiology and evaluate preventive strategies, future studies should consider geographical differences—between and within countries—regarding the various cleft sub‐phenotypes among live births, stillbirths, and pregnancy terminations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A patient with a mild holoprosencephaly spectrum phenotype and heterotaxy and a 1.3 Mb deletion encompassing GLI2
Authors: Kevelam Sietske H.G. , van Harssel Jeske J.T. , van der Zwaag Bert , Smeets Hubertus J.M. , Paulussen Aimee D.C. , Lichtenbelt Klaske D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLoss‐of‐function mutations of GLI2 are associated with features at the mild end of the holoprosencephaly spectrum, including abnormal pituitary gland formation and/or function, and craniofacial abnormalities. In addition patients may have branchial arch anomalies and polydactyly. Large, microscopically visible, interstitial deletions spanning 2q14.2 have been reported in patients with multiple congenital anomalies and intellectual disability. We report here on a patient with a mild holoprosencephaly spectrum phenotype (bilateral cleft lip and palate and abnormal pituitary gland formation with panhypopituitarism) and normal psychomotor development, who was found to carry a 1.3 Mb submicroscopic heterozygous deletion in 2q14.2, encompassing the GLI2 gene. We review the genotype and phenotype of previously published probands with GLI2 aberrations. Our findings confirm the association of haploinsufficiency of GLI2 and mild HPE spectrum features. Consistent with prior reports, we observed incomplete penetrance of the deletion in the family, illustrating the multifactorial etiology of holoprosencephaly spectrum features. In addition to the holoprosencephaly spectrum features, the proband had heterotaxy of the abdominal organs. Mutations in the known heterotaxy genes (NODAL, ZIC3 and CFC1) were excluded. The deletion contains five genes, in addition to GLI2, including the EPB4.1l5 gene. Based on findings in Epb4.1l5 mutant mice we hypothesize that Epb4.1l5 is a candidate gene for the heterotaxy observed in the proband. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In‐frame multi‐exon deletion of SMC1A in a severely affected female with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Authors: Hoppman‐Chaney Nicole , Jang Jin Sung , Jen Jin , Babovic‐Vuksanovic Dusica , Hodge Jennelle C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, cleft palate, limb defects, growth retardation, and developmental delay. Approximately 60% of patients with CdLS have an identifiable mutation in the NIPBL gene at 5p13.2. Recently, an X‐linked form of CdLS with a generally milder phenotype was attributed to mutation of the structural maintenance of chromosomes 1A gene (SMC1A) at Xp11.22. Relatively few CdLS patients with mutations in SMC1A are known; female carriers have minor facial dysmorphism and cognitive deficiency without major structural abnormalities. To date, all mutations identified in SMC1A are missense or small in‐frame deletions that preserve the open reading frame of the gene and likely have a dominant‐negative effect. We report on a female with monosomy X mosaicism and a phenotype suggestive of a severe form of CdLS who presented with growth and mental retardation, multiple congenital anomalies, and facial dysmorphism. Array CGH confirmed mosaic monosomy X and identified a novel deletion of SMC1A spanning multiple exons, suggesting a possible loss‐of‐function effect. Sequencing of both genomic and cDNA demonstrated an 8,152 bp deletion of genomic DNA from exon 13 to intron 16. Although a loss‐of‐function effect cannot be excluded, the resulting mRNA remains in‐frame and is expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes, suggesting a dominant‐negative effect. We hypothesize that the size of this deletion compared to previously reported mutations may account for this patient's severe CdLS phenotype. The presence of mosaic monosomy X may also modify the phenotype. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.