bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Tomography Analysis of the Inner Structure of Pebbles and Pebble Beds
Authors: Pieritz Romeu A. , Reimann Jörg , Ferrero Claudio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn analytical tool to monitor the arrangement of pebbles in a pebble bed as well as the morphology of gas bubbles in as fabricated and neutron irradiated beryllium pebbles is presented. The context of this study is the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HPCB) blanket design for the forthcoming generation of fusion reactors. The thermal‐mechanical behavior of pebble beds is a basic issue for the HPCB. It depends strongly on the configuration of the pebbles in the bed, and in particular on the number of contacts between pebbles, and between pebbles and the blanket walls. The related contact surfaces play also a major role. The knowledge on the inner structure of the pebbles is required since during the life cycle of a power reactor helium and tritium bubbles are produced inside the beryllium pebbles and the tritium build‐up can be in excess of several kilograms, being thereby a key safety issue. All the non‐destructive analyses are based on 3D computer aided microtomography using a very powerful synchrotron radiation x‐ray source with high spatial resolution. The data analysis relies on a topological operator called filtered medial line applied to the entire data volumes and the related graph representation. By this technique the number of contacts between the pebbles in pebble packs and their angular distribution are obtained, as well as the corresponding contact surfaces. The evaluation of bubble sizes and densities in single pebbles, the assessment of the pore channel network topology, the 3D reconstruction of the fraction of interconnected bubble porosity, and the open‐to‐closed‐porosity ratio are among the most interesting findings.
Histopathological inflammation and symptom outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo determine if histopathology of the sinus mucosa predicts symptomatic outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).MethodsThe histopathology of the sinus mucosa and preoperative and postoperative symptom scores from the Rhinosinusitis Symptom Inventory (RSI) for adults undergoing ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without polyposis were reviewed. Linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between tissue pathology inflammatory severity score and the postoperative RSI symptom scores, adjusting for baseline RSI scores, Lund score, postoperative topical steroid, antihistamine, and antibiotic use.ResultsA total of 112 patients were enrolled (average age, 41.2 years; 68.8% female) with a follow‐up of 19.1 ± 8.7 months (mean ± standard deviation [SD]). Mean preoperative and postoperative RSI domain scores for nasal symptoms and total symptoms were (52.4, 21.4) and (41.2, 17.7), respectively (p < 0.001). Topical steroid utilization increased from 15.3 to 20.7 weeks (p = 0.086) whereas antihistamine use and antibiotic use decreased by 1.4 and 1.6 weeks, respectively (p = 0.594 and 0.092). Pathology severity score did not significantly predict postoperative symptom scores on any of the RSI symptom domains nor the total symptom score (all p > 0.05).ConclusionAlthough pathologic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is inherent to CRS, increasing pathology severity at ESS does not predict poorer symptomatic outcomes after ESS. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Bevacizumab does not increase the risk of remote relapse in malignant glioma
Authors: Wick Antje , Dörner Nils , Schäfer Navina , Hofer Silvia , Heiland Sabine , Schemmer Daniela , Platten Michael , Weller Michael , Bendszus Martin , Wick Wolfgang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPreclinical evidence and uncontrolled clinical studies suggest an increased risk for distant spread and development of a gliomatosislike phenotype at recurrence or progression of malignant glioma patients treated with bevacizumab (BEV), an antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here we asked whether BEV treatment of recurrent malignant glioma increases the risk of distant or diffuse tumor spread at further recurrence. BEV‐treated patients were compared with matched pairs of patients treated without anti‐VEGF regimens. T1 contrast‐enhanced (T1+c) and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images were analyzed using a novel automated tool of image analysis. At the start of the study, 20.5% of BEV‐treated and 22.7% of non–BEV‐treated patients had displayed distant or diffuse recurrence. Distant or diffuse recurrences were observed in 22% (BEV) and 18% (non‐BEV) on T1+c and in 25% and 18% on FLAIR (p > 0.05). The correlation between changes on T1+c and FLAIR at progression was high. The risk of distant or diffuse recurrence at the time of failure of BEV‐containing treatments was not higher than with anti‐VEGF–free regimens, arguing against a specific property of BEV that promotes distant tumor growth or a gliomatosislike phenotype at recurrence. Ann Neurol 2010;69:586–592
TMEM43 mutations in emery‐dreifuss muscular dystrophy‐related myopathy
Authors: Liang Wen‐Chen , Mitsuhashi Hiroaki , Keduka Etsuko , Nonaka Ikuya , Noguchi Satoru , Nishino Ichizo , Hayashi Yukiko K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:Emery‐Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a genetically heterogeneous muscular disease that presents with muscular dystrophy, joint contractures, and cardiomyopathy with conduction defects. Mutations in several nuclear envelope protein genes have been associated with EDMD in less than half of patients, implying the existence of other causative and modifier genes. We therefore analyzed TMEM43, which encodes LUMA, a newly identified nuclear membrane protein and also a binding partner of emerin and lamins, to investigate whether LUMA may contribute to the pathomechanism of EDMD‐related myopathy.Methods:Forty‐one patients with EDMD‐related myopathy were enrolled. In vitro and in vivo transfection analyses were performed to assay the binding partners and oligomerization of mutant LUMA.Results:We identified heterozygous missense mutations, p.Glu85Lys and p.Ile91Val in TMEM43, in 2 EDMD‐related myopathy patients. Reduced nuclear staining of LUMA was observed in the muscle from the patient with p.Glu85Lys mutation. By in vitro transfection analysis, p.Glu85Lys mutant LUMA resulted to failure in oligomerization, a process that may be important for protein complex formation on nuclear membrane. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that LUMA can interact with another nuclear membrane protein, SUN2, in addition to emerin. Cells expressing mutant LUMA revealed reduced nuclear staining with or without aggregates of emerin and SUN2 together with a higher proportion of abnormally shaped nuclei. In vivo expression of mutant LUMA by electroporation in mouse tibialis anterior muscles likewise demonstrated the decreased staining of emerin and SUN2 on myonuclei.Interpretation:Our results suggest that mutant LUMAs may be associated with EDMD‐related myopathy. ANN NEUROL 2011
Anatomical Sciences Education Vol.3, Issue 6, 2010 Cover Image
Authors: McCulloch Carrie , Marango Stephanie Pieczenik , Friedman Erica S. , Laitman Jeffrey T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLiving AnatoME instructors leading a session for students. The Living AnatoME program developed at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, in conjunction with the Gross Anatomy course helps medical students learn musculoskeletal anatomy and cultivates physical awareness through Pilates and yoga. In this picture, instructors demonstrate the Yoga Warrior II pose with relevant musculoskeletal anatomy of the upper limb. The Living AnatoME program is an integral part of the first‐year Gross Anatomy curriculum at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine; a description of this educational program is found in the article by Dr. McCulloch and her colleagues in the current issue of ASE.
Zur Dynamotheorie stellarer und planetarer Magnetfelder I. Berechnung sonnenähnlicher Wechselfeldgeneratoren
Authors: Steenbeck M. , Krause F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNichtspiegelsymmetrische turbulente Bewegungen in einem elektrisch leitenden fluiden Medium rufen im Mittel eine elektromotorische Kraft (EMK) αmagnified imageparallel zum mittleren Magnetfeldmagnified imagehervor. Dieser Effekt – im folgenden α‐Effekt genannt – kann zum selbsterregten Aufbau von Magnetfeldern aus schwachen Anfangsfeldern führen. Da eine Turbulenz in rotierenden Systemen auf Grund der Wirkung von Corioliskräften im allgemeinen nichtspiegelsymmetrisch ist, wird eine Erklärung der Herkunft stellarer und planetarer Magnetfelder möglich. –In dem ersten Teil dieser Arbeit werden sphärische Wechselfeldgeneratoren unter Bedingungen, die denen der Sonne ähnlich sind, berechnet. Der selbsterregte Aufbau wird durch den a‐Effekt und eine nichtstarre Rotation bewirkt. –Durch Separation des grundlegenden Systems von partiellen Differentialgleichungen werden wir auf ein zweiparametriges Eigenwertproblem für ein unendliches System gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen geführt; die beiden Eigenwerte kennzeichnen die Frequenz des Wechselfeldes und die Größe der Induktionswirkungen, die zu einer Aufrechterhaltung notwendig sind. Die numerische Lösung des Eigenwertproblemes wurde auf einem elektronischen Rechenautomaten durchgeführt. –Die erzielten Ergebnisse beweisen die Möglichkeit von magnetohydrodynamischen Wechselfeldgeneratoren. Ferner zeigen die Größe der berechneten Eigenwerte und die Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den berechneten Feldern und dem beobachteten allgemeinen Magnetfeld der Sonne, daß diese einen solchen Wechselfelddynamo realisiert.
Reanalysis of the light curve of ES lib
Authors: Giuricin G. , Mardirossian F. , Ferluga S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsing Wood's (1972) model we have reanalyzed Bartolini et al.'s (1973) photoelectric light curve – as yet only crudely studied – of the single‐lined eclipsing binary ES Lib. Our photometric elements considerably differ from the previous ones. For a plausible value of the mass ratio (q = 0.4) the hotter (A2–3) component fills its Roche lobe, whereas the (K‐type) secondary is detached. Nevertheless, in view of the large sum of the fractional radii of the two components, ES Lib can be related to the contact systems, for which broken‐contact phases may occur.
Evidence-based review of enhancing postoperative recovery after breast surgery
Authors: Arsalani-Zadeh R , ELFadl D , Yassin N , MacFie J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
The introduction of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols has revolutionized preoperative and postoperative care. To date, however, the principles of enhanced recovery have not been applied specifically to patients undergoing breast surgery.

Methods
Based on the core features of ERAS, individual aspects of postoperative care in breast surgery were defined. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library database was performed from 1980 to 2010 to determine the best evidence for perioperative care in oncological breast surgery. A graded recommendation based on the best level of evidence was then proposed for each feature of ERAS.

Results
Twelve core features of enhanced recovery after breast surgery were identified. Use of the thoracic block, from both analgesic and anaesthetic viewpoints, is well supported by evidence and should be encouraged. Trials specific to breast surgery regarding aspects such as perioperative fasting, preanaesthetic medication, prevention of hypothermia and postdischarge support are scarce, and evidence was extrapolated from non-breast trials. Trials on postoperative analgesia and prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in breast surgery are generally of small numbers. In addition, there is heterogeneity between studies.

Conclusion
This review suggests that the principles of enhanced recovery can be adopted in breast surgery. A 12-point protocol is proposed for prospective evaluation.
Star‐Shaped Tripodal Chemosensors for the Detection of Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Körsten Susanne , Mohr Gerhard J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this work, three new tripodal triphenylamine dyes are presented that are capable of reversibly binding amines and diamines to form hemiaminals through a covalent bond. The dyes were synthesized by the Heck reaction and possess stilbene units with one, two, or three trifluoroacetyl groups as receptor moieties. Their interaction with amines and diamines led to changes in their absorption and emission properties, which were detected by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The influence of the number of trifluoroacetyl receptor moieties on the selectivity and sensitivity of the dyes was studied. Enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for diaminoalkanes was found for the dye we have labeled Tripod‐1, with three chemically reactive trifluoroacetyl groups, related to only one or two trifluoroacetyl groups in the dye molecule.
Structure and Reactivity of the Cysteine Methyl Ester Radical Cation
Authors: Osburn Sandra , Steill Jeffrey D. , Oomens Jos , O'Hair Richard A. J. , van Stipdonk Michael , Ryzhov Victor 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe structure and reactivity of the cysteine methyl ester radical cation, CysOMe.+, have been examined in the gas phase using a combination of experiment and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. CysOMe.+undergoes rapid ion–molecule reactions with dimethyl disulfide, allyl bromide, and allyl iodide, but is unreactive towards allyl chloride. These reactions proceed by radical atom or group transfer and are consistent with CysOMe.+possessing structure1, in which the radical site is located on the sulfur atom and the amino group is protonated. This contrasts with DFT calculations that predict a captodative structure2, in which the radical site is positioned on the α carbon and the carbonyl group is protonated, and that is more stable than1by 13.0 kJ mol−1. To resolve this apparent discrepancy the gas‐phase IR spectrum of CysOMe.+was experimentally determined and compared with the theoretically predicted IR spectra of a range of isomers. An excellent match was obtained for1. DFT calculations highlight that although1is thermodynamically less stable than2, it is kinetically stable with respect to rearrangement.
A quantitative description of active force generation in gastrointestinal smooth muscle
Authors: Gajendiran Viveka , Buist Martin L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA mathematical model to describe the relationship between the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and active force production in a gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle cell (SMC) has been developed. Here the model has been constructed in terms of two modules, the first describing the activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) through its interactions with calmodulin and Ca2+ ions, and the second consisting of a four state scheme describing myosin phosphorylation and cross‐bridge formation between actin and myosin. A prescribed Ca2+ transient, representing the dynamic changes in intracellular free Ca2+ that accompanies GI SMC excitation, was used as the input signal. Simulations demonstrated that at physiological Ca2+ levels, a 33% increase in peak Ca2+ concentration resulted in a 93% increase in myosin phosphorylation. This can possibly be attributed to the steep relationship between Ca2+ and MLCK activation over the normal Ca2+ range. The total number of cross‐bridges (sum of cycling cross‐bridges and latch‐bridges) was used to predict the active force generated in response to a phasic Ca2+ signal. The predicted forces were in qualitative agreement with experimental data from a canine antral smooth muscle strip. The development of this model represents a first step towards a greater understanding of the mechanisms that underlie GI motility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TNFR1 delivers pro‐survival signals that are required for limiting TNFR2‐dependent activation‐induced cell death (AICD) in CD8+ T cells
Authors: Twu Yuh‐Ching , Gold Michael R. , Teh Hung‐Sia 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMembers of the TNF and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis of the immune system. Furthermore, several members of the TNFR family participate in T‐cell activation and sustaining T‐cell responses. We have shown that TNFR2 regulates T‐cell activation by lowering the activation threshold and providing costimulatory signaling. Furthermore, activated TNFR2−/− CD8+ T cells are highly resistant to activation‐induced cell death (AICD). Here, we showed that using anti‐TNFR2 antibodies to block TNFR2 on activated WT CD8+ T cells rendered them resistant to AICD. This resistance of activated TNFR2−/− CD8+ T cells to AICD correlated with the accumulation of TNF receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2). Overexpression of TRAF2 by retroviral transfection and knockdown of TRAF2 by small interfering RNA also support this conclusion. Furthermore, neutralizing TNF‐α reduced TRAF2 accumulation in activated TNFR2−/− CD8+ T cells and increased their susceptibility to AICD. AICD‐resistant TNFR2−/− CD8+ T cells expressed elevated levels of phosphorylated IκBα and higher DNA‐binding activity of the p65 NK‐κB subunit and neutralization of TNF‐α blocked this increase. Therefore, in activated TNFR2−/− CD8+ T cells, TNFR1 functions as a survival receptor by utilizing high intracellular levels of TRAF2 to promote IκBα phosphorylation and NF‐κB activation.
Novel splice variants of human IKKε negatively regulate IKKε‐induced IRF3 and NF‐kB activation
Authors: Koop Anja , Lepenies Inga , Braum Oliver , Davarnia Parvin , Scherer Gudrun , Fickenscher Helmut , Kabelitz Dieter , Adam‐Klages Sabine 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe inhibitor of κB kinase ε (IKKε) is pivotal for an efficient innate immune response to viral infections and has been recognized as breast cancer oncogene. The antiviral function of IKKε involves activation of the transcription factors IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF‐κB, thus inducing the expression of type I IFN. Here, we have identified two novel splice variants of human IKKε, designated IKKε‐sv1 and IKKε‐sv2, respectively. Interestingly, RT‐PCR revealed quantitatively different isoform expression in PBMC from different individuals. Moreover, we found cell type‐ and stimulus‐specific protein expression of the various splice variants. Overexpression of full‐length wt IKKε (IKKε‐wt) leads to the activation of NF‐κB‐ as well as IRF3‐driven luciferase reporter genes. Although none of the splice variants activates IRF3, IKKε‐sv1 still activates NF‐κB, whereas IKKε‐sv2 is also defective in NF‐κB activation. Both splice variants form dimers with IKKε‐wt and inhibit IKKε‐wt‐induced IRF3 signaling including the antiviral activity in a dominant‐negative manner. The lack of IRF3 activation is likely caused by the failure of the splice variants to interact with the adapter proteins TANK, NAP1, and/or SINTBAD. Taken together, our data suggest alternative splicing as a novel regulatory mechanism suitable to shift the balance between different functions of IKKε.
Asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation of 2,3‐ and 2,3,4‐Substituted Cyclobutanones Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids with Aqueous H2O2 as the Oxidant
Authors: Xu Senmiao , Wang Zheng , Zhang Xumu , Ding Kuiling 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger (B–V) oxidation of 2,3,4‐trisubstituted cyclobutanone (4) has been realized by the catalysis of a 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL)‐derived chiral phosphoric acid (1j), which contains bulky 2,4,6‐triisopropyl phenyl groups at the 3,3′‐positions of the BINOL backbone, using 30 % aqueous H2O2 as the oxidant, affording the corresponding γ‐lactone (5) in 99 % yield with 95 % ee. In a divergent kinetic resolution of racemic 2,3‐disubstituted bicyclic cyclobutanones (6) through asymmetric B–V oxidation, the chiral phosphoric acid 1p demonstrated excellent catalytic performance, giving a range of regioisomeric chiral lactones in a normal lactone (nl)/abnormal lactone (al) ratio of up to 2.1:1, with up to 99 % ee in the al product. It was found that fine tuning of the stereoelectronic properties of the backbone in chiral phosphoric acids is critically important for attaining high levels of enantioselectivity in the catalysis of B–V reactions of different type of cyclobutanones. The present work has provided a convenient approach to the synthesis of a variety of optically active chiral γ‐lactones.
Spatio‐temporal disease mapping using INLA
Authors: Schrödle Birgit , Held Leonhard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSpatio‐temporal disease mapping models are a popular tool to describe the pattern of disease counts. They are usually formulated in a hierarchical Bayesian framework with latent Gaussian model. So far, computationally expensive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms have been used for parameter estimation which might induce a large Monte Carlo error. An alternative method using integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) has recently been proposed. A major advantage of INLA is that it returns accurate parameter estimates in short computational time. Additionally, the deviance information criterion is provided for Bayesian model choice. This paper describes how several parametric and nonparametric models and extensions thereof can be fitted to space–time count data using INLA. Particular emphasis is given to the appropriate choice of linear constraints to ensure identifiability of the parameter estimates. The models are applied to counts of Salmonellosis in cattle reported to the Swiss Federal Veterinary Office 1991–2008. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some block designs with nested rows and columns for research on pesticide dose limitation
Authors: Kozłowska Maria , Łacka Agnieszka , Krawczyk Roman , Kozłowski Radosław J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn 1979, Singh and Dey defined a block design with nested rows and columns (NRC for short). In this paper we take the view, common among statisticians, that the principles for the planning of factorial experiments and near‐factorial experiments in NRC designs are not the same. A group divisible NRC design for a factorial experiment is considered. Some constructions of the designs are given. Necessary and sufficient conditions are formulated and proven for a group‐divisible NRC design to be a C‐design. For near‐factorial experiments, when there are a levels of experimental factor A and b levels of experimental factor B and one control treatment is added, we propose a method for constructing NRC designs. A plant protection experiment on limitation of pesticide dose is described in order to show how the results can be applied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular structure and theoretical studies of new stable phosphorus ylides derived from trialkyl phosphites
Authors: Rostamizadeh Mohsen , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Hazeri Nourallah , Sajadikhah Seyed Sajad , Charati Faramarz Rostami , Kazemian Mohammad Amin , Skelton Brian W. , Makha Mohamed 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe reaction between dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and NH heterocyclic compounds in the presence of trialkyl phosphite leads to stable phosphorus ylide derivatives in good yields. The x‐ray crystallographic data and theoretical study show that there is a resonance between two bonds of C9P1 and C91O91 in phosphorous ylide 4c. This compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group ($P\bar{1}$), with the following unit cell parameters: a = 8.7522(3)Å, b = 8.8513(5)Å, c = 18.3469(5)Å, α = 99.1220(10)°, β = 90.954(2)°, γ = 118.792(2)°, Z = 2, and V = 1222.72(9)Å3. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:36–43, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20653