bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of patient acceptance of sodium phosphate versus polyethylene glycol plus sodium picosulfate for colon cleansing in Japanese
Authors: Hosoe Naoki , Nakashita Manabu , Imaeda Hiroyuki , Sujino Tomohisa , Bessho Rieko , Ichikawa Riko , Inoue Nagamu , Kanai Takanori , Hibi Toshifumi , Ogata Haruhiko 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground and Aim:  In Japan, patient acceptance of bowel preparation methods before colonoscopy remains unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the patient acceptance of sodium phosphate (NaP) tablets and polyethylene glycol solution (PEG) with sodium picosulfate.Methods:  One hundred patients were randomized into one of the following two groups: the NaP tablet first‐use group or the PEG with sodium picosulfate first‐use group in a crossover design trial. Patient acceptance and incidence of adverse events were evaluated using a questionnaire. Colon‐cleansing effectiveness was also evaluated.Results:  Patients' overall impressions of the preparations were significantly different between the NaP tablet (77.9%, 67/86) and PEG with sodium picosulfate (60.5%, 52/86; P = 0.001). Nausea incidence as an adverse event was significantly different between the two regimens (P = 0.03). Colon‐cleansing effectiveness was not significantly different between the two regimens.Conclusions:  The results of this crossover study showed that patient acceptance was similar to those previously reported in a parallel‐group comparison. In Japanese patients, preference for and acceptance of NaP tablets was significantly higher than that for PEG with sodium picosulfate solution.
Psychological partner violence and women's vulnerability to depression, stress, and anxiety
Authors: Al‐Modallal Hanan 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTPsychological partner violence is a considerable problem, despite its invisible outcomes on victims' physical health. Focusing on mental health, the present study looked at differences in mental illness, such as depression, stress, and anxiety, among victims and non‐victims of psychological violence. A convenience sample of women (n = 267) visiting health‐care centres in refugee camps in Jordan provided data about their experiences of psychological violence and their mental health status. The results indicated that, compared to their non‐victimized counterparts, women reporting psychological violence had significantly higher mean scores of depression (t = −4.92), stress (t = −3.73), and anxiety (t = −4.22), with P < 0.0001 for all results. It was suggested that factors that have significant roles in determining poor mental health status included victims' low self‐esteem; poor socioeconomic profile, in terms of education level and income; and responsibilities associated with child and family requirements. The impacts of these factors on victims' mental health status are discussed.
Improved local control of rectal cancer reduces distant metastases
Authors: Bernstein T. E. , Endreseth B. H. , Romundstad P. , Wibe A. ,   on behalf of the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Registry
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim  The purpose of the present national study was to determine whether improved local control has been accompanied by a change in the incidence of metastases.Method  The data were from a national population‐based rectal cancer registry and included all 6501 rectal cancer patients treated for cure. The study periods were 1993–1997, 1998–2000, 2001–2003 and 2004–2006.Results  Major changes in the handling of rectal cancer from the first to the last study period included an increased use of MRI from zero to 81% and the use of preoperative radiotherapy from 5% to 20%. The proportion of patients with circumferential resection margin (CRM) ≤ 2 mm decreased from 23% to 13%. The 4‐year rate of local recurrence decreased from 13% to 8% (P < 0.001), the overall survival increased from 65% to 73% (P < 0.001) and the incidence of distant metastases decreased from 25% to 19% (P < 0.001) from the first to the last period. The risk of metastases decreased by 29% (hazard ratio 0.71, 95% CI 0.60–0.84).Conclusion  Improved diagnostics and treatment of rectal cancer aiming at better local control and survival have resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of distant metastases.
Evaluation of body fat composition after linagliptin treatment in a rat model of diet‐induced obesity: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in comparison with sibutramine
Authors: Klein T. , Niessen H. G. , Ittrich C. , Mayoux E. , Mueller H.‐P. , Cheetham S. , Stiller D. , Kassubek J. , Mark M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe effects of linagliptin on fat content in diet‐induced obese rats were compared with those of the appetite suppressant sibutramine. Female Wistar rats fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 3 months received vehicle, linagliptin (10 mg/kg) or sibutramine (5 mg/kg) treatment orally, once daily for 6 additional weeks, while continuing the HFD. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of fat content was performed at baseline and at the end of the 6‐week treatment period. Linagliptin treatment profoundly reduced hepatic fat compared with vehicle, with an effect comparable to that of sibutramine. The vehicle‐corrected mean change (95% CI) from baseline in hepatic fat and intramyocellular lipid was −59.0% (−104.3%, −13.6%; p = 0.015) and −62.1% (−131.6%, 7.4%; p = 0.073), respectively, for linagliptin compared with −54.3% (−101.5%, −7.1%; p = 0.027) and −72.4% (−142.4%, −2.4%; p = 0.044), respectively, for sibutramine.
Nine‐months‐old infants do not need to know what the agent prefers in order to reason about its goals: on the role of preference and persistence in infants’ goal‐attribution
Authors: Hernik Mikolaj , Southgate Victoria 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHuman infants readily interpret others’ actions as goal‐directed and their understanding of previous goals shapes their expectations about an agent’s future goal‐directed behavior in a changed situation. According to a recent proposal (Luo & Baillargeon, 2005), infants’ goal‐attributions are not sufficient to support such expectations if the situational change involves broadening the set of choice‐options available to the agent, and the agent’s preferences among this broadened set are not known. The present study falsifies this claim by showing that 9‐month‐olds expect the agent to continue acting towards the previous goal even if additional choice‐options become available for which there is no preference‐related evidence. We conclude that infants do not need to know about the agent’s preferences in order to form expectations about its goal‐directed actions. Implications for the role of action persistency and action selectivity are discussed.
Functional dissociation between perception and action is evident early in life
Authors: Hadad Bat‐Sheva , Avidan Galia , Ganel Tzvi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe functional distinction between vision for perception and vision for action is well documented in the mature visual system. Ganel and colleagues recently provided direct evidence for this dissociation, showing that while visual processing for perception follows Weber’s fundamental law of psychophysics, action violates this law. We tracked the developmental trajectory of this functional dissociation, asking whether the qualitatively different pattern observed in adults of adherence of perception but not of action to Weber’s law would also be evident early in life. Children aged 5–8 and adults were asked to either estimate the size of discs (perception) or grasp discs (action) varying in diameter. Interestingly, variability of perceptual estimates increased as a function of object size in accord with Weber’s law, while variability of grasping did not scale with object size, at all ages tested. This provides the first clear evidence for an early emergence of the dissociation between perception and action.
Steroid‐sparing effects of angiotensin‐II inhibitors in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Carpentier A. F. , Ferrari D. , Bailon O. , Ursu R. , Banissi C. , Dubessy A.‐L. , Belin C. , Levy C. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundThe standard of care in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) relies on surgical resection, radiation therapy (RT), and temozolomide. Steroids are required in almost all patients to reduce peritumoral edema, but are associated with numerous side effects. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key driver of peritumoral edema and angiogenesis in human GBM. Recently, angiotensin‐II inhibitors were reported to reduce VEGF secretion and tumor growth in some animal models.MethodsTo investigate whether angiotensin‐II inhibitors might have a similar effect in humans and before undertaking a prospective study, we retrospectively investigated a series of 87 consecutive, newly diagnosed GBM patients, treated in a single center. Amongst these patients, 29 (33%) were already treated before RT for high blood pressure (HBP), 18 of them (21%) with an angiotensin‐II inhibitor. In all patients, performance status, surgical procedures, and steroid dosages were documented.ResultsPatients treated with angiotensin‐II inhibitors, but not other antihypertensive drugs, required half of the steroids of the other patients during radiotherapy (P = 0.005 in multivariate analysis, considering other antihypertensive treatments, surgical resection, and performance status). This effect of angiotensin‐II inhibitors was also significant at the beginning of radiotherapy (P = 0.03 in multivariate analysis). Treatment with angiotensin‐II inhibitors had no effect on survival (16.2 vs. 17.9 months for the treated and the non‐treated group, respectively, P = 0.77).ConclusionAngiotensin‐II inhibitors might display significant steroid‐sparing effects in brain tumor patients. Given the morbidity associated with steroids, this finding might have important practical consequences in these patients and warrants a randomized study.
Clinical, dermoscopic and histopathologic features of genital and extragenital lichen sclerosus
Authors: Larre Borges A. , Tiodorovic‐Zivkovic D. , Lallas A. , Moscarella E. , Gurgitano S. , Capurro M. , Apalla Z. , Bruno J. , Popovic D. , Nicoletti S. , Pérez J. , Zalaudek I. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  Little is currently known about the dermoscopic patterns of genital and extragenital lichen sclerosus (LS). In order to evaluate and compare the dermoscopic and histopathologic patterns of genital and extragenital lichen sclerosus, a retrospective analysis of clinical, dermoscopic and histopathologic features of genital and extragenital LS, collected between March 2010 and December 2011 at four dermatology clinics in Greece, Italy, Serbia and Uruguay was performed.Observations  A total of 29 lesions from 14 (mean age 62.8 years) and 12 (mean age 53.5 years) patients with genital and extragenital LS, respectively were analyzed. Mean duration of disease was 3.5 years for genital and 1.8 years for extragenital LS. White‐yellowish structureless areas were seen in all cases of genital and extragenital LS; however linear vessels occurred at higher frequency in genital than in extragenital lesions (85.7% vs. 33.3%, respectively). Extragenital LS revealed two different time‐related patterns: keratotic plugs were more prevalent in lesions with short duration (<2 years), whereas longer persisting lesions appeared atrophic and revealed fine chrysalis structures.Conclusions  Our morphologic study provides novel insights into the morphologic diversity of LS at different body sites and different stages of progression.
Altered expression of dermokine in skin disorders
Authors: Hasegawa M. , Higashi K. , Yokoyama C. , Yamamoto F. , Tachibana T. , Matsushita T. , Hamaguchi Y. , Saito K. , Fujimoto M. , Takehara K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  Although dermokine‐β, a glycoprotein expressed in epithelial cells, does not have significant homology to other proteins, its carboxyl‐terminal domain shares a high pI value with many cytokines, suggesting similar functions.Objective  To better understand the biology of dermokine, we here determined its localization under pathological conditions and examined factors that regulate its expression.Methods  We generated an anti‐human dermokine‐β/γ monoclonal antibody cross‐reacting with the mouse protein. Using this antibody, immunohistological staining and Western blotting of dermokine‐β/γ were performed with various tissue samples.Results  Although human dermokine‐β/γ was expressed in almost all granular layers, upper spinous layers of the skin were also stained with anti‐dermokine‐β/γ antibody in inflammatory skin disorders. Dermokine‐β/γ was expressed in keratoacanthoma and a part of well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, dermokine‐β/γ was not detected in poorly differentiated SCC or tumours derived from non‐keratinocytes. In mice, dermokine‐β/γ‐expressed keratinocytes were increased in models of contact hypersensitivity, ultraviolet‐irradiated skin injury and wound healing. Consistent with expanded distribution in inflammatory skin diseases, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐12, and tumour necrosis factor‐α augmented dermokine‐β/γ expression in cultured human keratinocytes. In contrast, growth factors including epidermal growth factor, insulin‐like growth factor‐I, keratinocyte growth factor and transforming growth factor‐α significantly reduced dermokine expression.Conclusion  These results provide novel insights into the physiological and pathological significance of dermokine in the epidermis.
Interaction of dopamine transporter (DAT1) genotype and maltreatment for ADHD: a latent class analysis
Authors: Li James J. , Lee Steve S. 
Published: May 2012

Background:  Although the association of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been widely studied, far less is known about its potential interaction with environmental risk factors. Given that maltreatment is a replicated risk factor for ADHD, we explored the interaction between DAT1 and maltreatment with ADHD symptoms defined dimensionally and using latent class analysis (LCA).Method:  We tested the association of the 40 base‐pair variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in DAT1, maltreatment, and their interaction in 2,488 boys and girls from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.Results:  In boys, ADHD symptoms were optimally defined by four classes (Combined, Hyperactive/Impulsive, Inattentive, and Normal), whereas in girls, ADHD symptoms were defined by three classes (Combined, Combined‐Mild, Normal). A significant DAT1 × maltreatment interaction revealed that maltreated girls homozygous for the 10‐repeat allele had more symptoms of ADHD, and were also 2.5 times more likely to be classified in the Combined ADHD group than in the Normal Group.Conclusions:  The underlying structure of ADHD symptoms differed between boys and girls and DAT1 interacted with maltreatment to predict ADHD symptoms and ADHD status derived from LCA. Interactive exchanges between maltreatment and DAT1 for ADHD symptoms, and their implications for intervention, are discussed.
Childhood ADHD is strongly associated with a broad range of psychiatric disorders during adolescence: a population‐based birth cohort study
Authors: Yoshimasu Kouichi , Barbaresi William J. , Colligan Robert C. , Voigt Robert G. , Killian Jill M. , Weaver Amy L. , Katusic Slavica K. 
Published: May 2012

Background:  To evaluate associations between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid psychiatric disorders using research‐identified incident cases of ADHD and population‐based controls.Methods:  Subjects included a birth cohort of all children born 1976–1982 remaining in Rochester, MN after age five (n = 5,718). Among them we identified 379 ADHD incident cases and 758 age‐gender matched non‐ADHD controls, passively followed to age 19 years. All psychiatric diagnoses were identified and abstracted, but only those confirmed by qualified medical professionals were included in the analysis. For each psychiatric disorder, cumulative incidence rates for subjects with and without ADHD were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Corresponding hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox models adjusted for gender and mother’s age and education at the subject’s birth. The association between ADHD and the likelihood of having an internalizing or externalizing disorder was summarized by estimating odds ratios (OR).Results:  Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder was associated with a significantly increased risk of adjustment disorders (HR = 3.88), conduct/oppositional defiant disorder (HR = 9.54), mood disorders (HR = 3.67), anxiety disorders (HR = 2.94), tic disorders (HR = 6.53), eating disorders (HR = 5.68), personality disorders (HR = 5.80), and substance‐related disorders (HR = 4.03). When psychiatric comorbidities were classified on the internalization‐externalization dimension, ADHD was strongly associated with coexisting internalizing/externalizing (OR = 10.6), or externalizing‐only (OR = 10.0) disorders.Conclusion:  This population‐based study confirms that children with ADHD are at significantly increased risk for a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Besides treating the ADHD, clinicians should identify and provide appropriate treatment for psychiatric comorbidities.
Application of char products improves urban soil quality
Authors: GHOSH S. , YEO D. , WILSON B. , OW L. F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUrban soils are a key component of the urban ecosystem but little research has considered their quality and management. The use of char or partially combusted char products as a soil amendment is becoming popular worldwide because of perceived benefits to fertility and the potential for increasing carbon sequestration. In this study, we assessed the effect of applying coarse and fine char material on the quality of four different types of soil‐based root‐zone mixes typically used for turfgrass and general landscaping in Singapore: clay loam soil, approved soil mix (ASM, 3 soil:2 compost:1 sand), 50:50 (sand/soil) and 75:25 (sand/soil). Char briquettes made from sawdust were mixed thoroughly at rates of 25, 50 and 75% by volume with the soil mixes. Results showed that addition of char (both coarse and fine) significantly enhanced the carbon content of the mixes, with the largest increase being associated with the 50% and 75% additions. Soil nutrients (total N, extractable P, K, Ca and Mg) and mean weight diameter of aggregates were also significantly increased following the application of char. The clay loam and the 50:50 and 75:25 soil mixes were more responsive to the addition of char than was ASM.
Binding characteristics of [3H]‐JSM10292: a new cell membrane‐permeant non‐peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist
Authors: Faussner A , Schüssler S , Feierler J , Bermudez M , Pfeifer J , Schnatbaum K , Tradler T , Jochum M , Wolber G , Gibson C 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A 3H‐labelled derivative of the novel small‐molecule bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor antagonist JSM10292 was used to directly study its binding properties to human and animal B2 receptors in intact cells and to closely define its binding site.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Equilibrium binding, dissociation and competition studies with various B2 receptor ligands and [3H]‐JSM10292 were performed at 4°C and 37°C. The experiments were carried out using HEK293 cells stably (over)expressing wild‐type and mutant B2 receptors of human and animal origin.KEY RESULTS [3H]‐JSM10292 bound to B2 receptors at 4°C and at 37°C with the same high affinity. Its dissociation strongly depended on the temperature and increased when unlabelled B2 receptor agonists or antagonists were added. [3H]‐JSM10292 is cell membrane‐permeant and thus also bound to intracellular, active B2 receptors, as indicated by the different ‘nonspecific’ binding in the presence of unlabelled JSM10292 or of membrane‐impermeant BK. Equilibrium binding curves with [3H]‐JSM10292 and competition experiments with unlabelled JSM10292 and [3H]‐BK showed a different affinity profile for the wild‐type B2 receptor in different species (man, cynomolgus, rabbit, mouse, rat, dog, pig, guinea pig). Characterization of B2 receptor mutants and species orthologues combined with homology modelling, using the CXCR4 as template, suggests that the binding site of JSM10292 is different from that of BK but overlaps with that of MEN16132, another small non‐peptide B2 receptor ligand.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS [3H]‐JSM10292 is a novel, cell membrane‐permeant, high‐affinity B2 receptor antagonist that allows direct in detail studies of active, surface and intracellularly located wild‐type and mutant B2 receptors.
Spatial Pattern of P Waves in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Patients in Sinus Rhythm and Controls
Authors: GIACOPELLI DANIELE , BOURKE JOHN P. , MURRAY ALAN , LANGLEY PHILIP 
Published: May 2012

Background:

Measuring body surface potentials in the assessment of the electrical activity of the heart is the most commonly used noninvasive method for diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients have disturbed cardiac electrophysiology but the detailed characteristics of atrial activation on the body surface are unknown.
Methods:

P waves from 60 sites on the body surface were analyzed from 10 PAF patients in sinus rhythm (PAF group) and 10 healthy controls (HC group). Evolution of atrial depolarization was described qualitatively by maps of P‐wave amplitudes. P‐wave dipole evolution was described quantitatively by measuring the changing location (body site) and amplitude of the dipole positive and negative pole peaks.
Results:

Both groups exhibited similar dipolar structure with an area of positive and an area of negative potentials. Over the depolarization cycle, there were significant changes in the location of the dipole with the positive pole rotating anteriorly right to left by two electrode sites (10 cm) (P = 0.001). There were significant differences between groups with the positive pole in PAF offset to the right of the chest by 0.43 (0.38) strips compared to HC (P < 0.007). Compared to controls, the PAF group positive poles reached peak amplitude sooner (49 [11] ms vs 65 [14] ms, P = 0.012) and negative poles reached peak amplitude later (74 [13] ms vs 62 [8] ms, P = 0.019).
Conclusion:

Atrial depolarization is characterized by a single dipole with time‐varying amplitude and orientation with significant differences in dipole trajectory between patients with PAF and HCs. (PACE 2012;00:1–8)
Proportion of Patients with Implanted Permanent Pacemakers with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Appropriate Medical Prophylaxis in North Wales
Authors: JONES MATTHEW , WILLIAMS EDGAR M. 
Published: May 2012

Background:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased long‐term risk of stroke, heart failure, and mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated the suboptimal use of anticoagulation therapy in patients with AF.
Methods:
A retrospective survey of patients (N = 1,113) fitted with dual‐chamber pacemakers found 71 patients (age 69 ± 35, mean ± standard deviation) with atrial tachycardia and AF (defined as >5 minutes per day). Their medical records and anticoagulation status were investigated and used to stratify each patient for stroke risk with the Birmingham 2009 schema (CHA2DS2‐VASc) and assessed to determine the rate of appropriate thromboembolism (TE) prophylaxis prescription.
Results:
The most common overall concomitant risk factor for stroke was hypertension (54%), followed by age ≥75 (51%), being female and previous stroke/transient ischemic attack/TE (39%). The average CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 3.7 ± 1.6. Fifty‐six percent of the patients were not receiving appropriate anticoagulation therapy.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrates an underutilization of the oral anticoagulant warfarin in patients with known AF and that the clinicians may not be regarding current stroke risk factors when adopting a thromboprophylaxis strategy. (PACE 2012; 35:935–942)