bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Hansen Louise , Dragsted Lars O. , Olsen Anja , Christensen Jane , Tjønneland Anne , Schmidt Erik B. , Overvad Kim 
Published: February 2010

Prospective epidemiological studies have reported that a higher fruit and vegetable intake is associated with a lower risk of CHD. The aim of the present study was to examine associations between fruit and vegetable consumption, in particular the subgroupings citrus fruits, apples and cruciferous vegetables, and the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). During a median follow-up of 7·7 years, 1075 incident ACS cases were identified among 53 383 men and women, aged 50–64 years at recruitment into the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study in 1993–7. Fruit and vegetable intake was estimated from a validated FFQ, and ACS incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Overall, a tendency towards a lower risk of ACS was observed for both men and women with higher fruit and vegetable consumption. For men, we found an inverse association for apple intake (IRR per 25 g/d: 0·97; 95 % CI 0·94, 0·99). This association was also seen among women, albeit borderline significant. However, a higher risk was seen among women with higher fruit juice intake (IRR per 25 g/d: 1·04; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·08). The present results provide some support for previously observed inverse associations between fresh fruit intake, particularly apples, and ACS risk.
The diel oviposition periodicity of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Trinidad, West Indies: effects of forced egg retention
Authors: Chadee D.D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe diel oviposition periodicity of two groups of Aedes aegypti females (Trinidad strain), (i) thoses allowed access to oviposition sites and (ii) females forced to retain-eggs for four days, were studied under laboratory conditions using one female per cage and monitoring by changing substrates every two hours. The individual females which were allowed access to oviposition sites showed peak oviposition between 16.00–18.00 h (50% of eggs), whereas individuals forced to retain eggs for four days showed a similar pattern but with a significantly (P<0.001) larger peak oviposition between 16.00–18.00 h (94% of eggs). However, females forced to retain eggs laid most or all of their eggs in one container (84%), while females given access to oviposition sites distributed their eggs among 2–4 containers. The results of this study are discussed in the context of the strength of the circadian rhythms, oviposition strategies and its impact on vector control activities.
DISCRIMINATION-RELATED STRESS, BLOOD PRESSURE AND EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS ANTIBODIES AMONG LATIN AMERICAN IMMIGRANTS IN OREGON, US
Authors: McCLURE HEATHER H. , MARTINEZ CHARLES R. , SNODGRASS J. JOSH , EDDY J. MARK , JIMÉNEZ ROBERTO A. , ISIORDIA LAURA E. , McDADE THOMAS W. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryPerceived discrimination has been linked to poor health outcomes among ethnic and racial minorities in the United States, though the relationship of discrimination-related stress to immigrant health is not well understood. This article reports findings from a preliminary study that examined blood pressure and Epstein-Barr virus antibody levels in relation to self-reported indicators of stress, acculturation and social support among 79 adult immigrant Latino farm workers in Oregon, US. Findings show that increases in discrimination-related stress predicted elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Epstein-Barr virus antibody levels among male participants. Though female participants reported similar levels of discrimination stress, this perceived stress was not reflected in biological measures. Among women, greater English language engagement was linked to higher SBP, and more years in the US was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure. Study results suggest that male and female immigrants' physiological responses to stress may be influenced in distinctive ways by processes of adjustment to life in the US. If replicated, the finding that discrimination stress predicts elevated SBP may have clinical and public health implications given that elevated SBP is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Clinical and functional characterisation of rheumatic mitral regurgitation in children and adolescents including the brain natriuretic peptide
Authors: Ribeiro Maria C. V. , Markman Filho Brivaldo , Santos Cleusa C. L. , Mello Cristina P. Q. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRheumatic fever is a public health problem of universal distribution, predominantly affecting individuals in developing countries. In individuals less than 20 years of age, pure mitral regurgitation is the most commonly found condition in chronic rheumatic valve disease. In the present study, rheumatic mitral regurgitation was assessed in children and adolescents, addressing its clinical (duration of the disease, symptoms, use of benzathine penicillin, and number of outbreaks of the acute phase of rheumatic fever), electrocardiographic (left atrium abnormality and/or left ventricle hypertrophy) and echocardiographic characteristics (left atrium and ventricle measurements, ejection fraction and pulmonary artery pressure), as well as plasma dose of N-terminal portion of the brain natriuretic peptide through electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Fifty-three patients were studied. The patients had moderate (41.5%) or severe (58.5%) rheumatic mitral regurgitation; had not undergone surgery; were not in the acute phase of the disease; and were being treated at a paediatric cardiology reference hospital in Northeastern Brazil. Mean patient age was 10.6 years (minimum of 3 and maximum of 19 years). With the exception of the ejection fraction, the echocardiographic variables had a significant correlation to the natriuretic peptide, demonstrating that this hormone reflects the haemodynamic consequences of mitral regurgitation. It was concluded that cardiac remodelling that occurs in rheumatic mitral regurgitation in children and adolescents leads to the production of the brain natriuretic peptide, which could be used as a complementary diagnostic tool in the follow-up of such patients.
Ebstein’s malformation presenting with tricuspid stenosis: 1-year follow-up after surgical repair
Authors: Khouzam Rami N. , Dearani Joseph A. , Julsrud Paul R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis is a case of a young woman previously completely healthy, with two uneventful pregnancies and deliveries, who presented with bloating, shortness of breath, and signs of right heart failure. A thorough clinical evaluation, along with a work-up including an echocardiogram and a magnetic resonance imaging revealed the diagnosis of Ebstein’s anomaly malformation with tricuspid stenosis. A right ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to thrombus formation was thought to exacerbate her symptoms and lead to the diagnosis. Surgery in the form of right ventricular thrombectomy, right atrial reduction, porcine tricuspid valve replacement and bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis “bidirectional Glenn”, was successfully performed. The patient has been stable clinically more than one year after surgery. Discussion about this rare condition and operative details are provided.
An evaluation of the impact of a large group psycho-education programme (Stress Control) on patient outcome: does empathy make a difference?
Authors: Joice Anne , Mercer Stewart W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLarge psycho-education groups are being increasingly used in mental-health promotion and the treatment of common mental-health problems. In individual therapy there is a well-established link between therapist empathy, therapeutic relationship and patient outcome but the role of empathy within large psycho-educational groups is unknown. This service evaluation investigated the impact of a 6-week large psycho-education group on patient outcome and the role of perceived therapist empathy on outcome. Within a before–after experimental design, 66 participants completed baseline and endpoint measures; Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation (CORE), Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI), and the modified Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure. The results showed that the intervention had a positive impact on patient outcome; the CORE score reduced significantly over the 6 weeks by 0.63 (95% CI 0.82–1.14) (t= 9.18, d.f. = 55,p= <0.001) and attendees felt highly enabled. Attendees perceived the course leader as highly empathetic. However, the relationship between perceived empathy and attendee outcome was less clear; no significant relationship was found with the main outcome measure (the change in CORE score). Factors that influenced the main outcome included age, symptom severity at baseline, having a long-term illness or disability, and whether attendees tried the techniques at home (homework). These findings suggest that large group psycho-education is an effective treatment for mild to moderate mental-health problems, at least in the short term. The role of therapist empathy remains ambiguous but may be important for some patient outcomes.
4 A Systems Approach to the Aging Brain: Neuroanatomic Changes, Their Modifiers, and Cognitive Correlates
Authors: Raz Naftali , Kennedy Kristen M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSuccess in diagnosing and treating age-related brain disease depends on understanding normative and optimal aging of the brain. Neuroimaging studies of healthy adults reveal differential brain shrinkage. Prefrontal cortices evidence the largest age-related differences, whereas tertiary association cortices, the neostriatum, and the cerebellum show the greatest rate of shrinkage. Reduced regional brain volumes and steeper longitudinal declines are usually associated with lower cognitive performance. Trajectories of differential brain aging are modified by multiple negative and positive factors. Vascular risk factors affect the regions deemed most vulnerable to aging. However, the positive modifying influence of aerobic fitness is clearest in the same age-sensitive areas. Genetic variation may have a significant impact on age-related changes in brain and cognition. In addition to (and in conjunction with) improved aerobic fitness, antihypertensive treatment and hormone replacement therapy may alleviate negative effects of aging on the brain structure.
4 A Community of One's Own?
Authors: Rubin Pamela 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A government proposal to implement restorative justice in Nova Scotia met with resistance by women’s antiviolence organizations. The government’s plan included both sexual offences and partner assaults among crimes eligible for restorative processes. Neither antiviolence organizations nor the public were involved in the development of this initiative. This chapter describes the negotiations between women’s organizations and the Nova Scotia Department of Justice over this initiative. In response to the government’s proposal, feminist organizations conducted focus groups with survivors to gather their perspectives on restorative justice. The findings of this research are presented, along with recommendations towards a more collaborative dialogue between the government and women’s antiviolence organizations.
9 Alternative Interventions to Intimate Violence
Authors: Kim Mimi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis chapter introduces the “community-based intervention approach” of Creative Interventions, an organization established to create and promote collective interventions to interpersonal violence. This approach is part of a growing effort to create alternative strategies which do not rely on social services or the state. The chapter opens with a contribution to the StoryTelling & Organizing Project which documents community efforts to address and end violence. The story of how a Maori family prevents child abuse illustrates the capacity for communities to create more flexible and effective responses to violence. Kim also shares the principles underlying the Community-Based Interventions Project, a pilot project creating an alternative model for violence intervention. These principles and practices challenge the individualistic, binary assumptions of conventional feminism which align with an emphasis on criminalization. The chapter ends with observations based upon the early implementation experiences of Creative Interventions and the successes and contradictions they suggest.
2.2 Functional Implications of Dopamine D2 Receptor Localization in Relation to Glutamate Neurons
Authors: Sesack Susan R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis chapter focuses on dopamine (DA) receptors of the D2 class and their spatial and functional relationships with Glut neurons within the circuitry that comprises midbrain DA neurons and their ascending projections to forebrain targets, especially the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. Interest in D2 receptors has been fueled primarily by their correlation to antipsychotic drug efficacy and their role as autoreceptors. Given the overall similar pharmacology and functions of the D2 receptor class, D3 and D4 receptor subtypes are also considered. It is shown that the main sites of probable DA modulation of Glut transmission via the D4 receptor are (1) directly onto Glut pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and other cortical regions; (2) indirect regulation of pyramidal neurons via actions on GABA local circuit neurons; (3) modulation of Glut transmission in NAc spines; and (4) presynaptic actions on Glut axons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc).
6.2 Involvement of Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine in Behavioral Activation and Effort-Related Functions
Authors: Salamone John D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the behavioral activation functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine (DA), and in particular, emphasizes how these functions appear to be engaged in such a way as to promote the exertion of effort in motivated behavior. It discusses the role of accumbens DA in enabling animals to overcome work-related constraints that separate them from significant stimuli, and the involvement of DA in effort-related choice behavior that is based upon the allocation of responses to various alternatives. Finally, the role of accumbens DA will be placed in an overall anatomical and neurochemical context by discussing other brain areas and neurotransmitters as well.
9.7 Neuroprotective Strategies in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Warren Olanow C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis chapter focuses on neuroprotective therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD). PD patients inevitably develop disability despite currently available medical and surgical therapies. Accordingly, a neuroprotective therapy that slows or stops disease progression is an urgent requirement. While there are many promising candidate agents based on laboratory studies, the translation of a novel study intervention into a viable disease-modifying therapy has proven to be extremely difficult to achieve; to date, no agent has been determined to be neuroprotective by either regulatory authorities or physicians. Among the limiting factors are uncertainty as to the etiology and pathogenesis of cell death in PD and what precisely to target, a reliable animal model in which to test putative neuroprotective therapies, a method for accurately determining the optimal dose range to employ in clinical trials, and a clinical outcome measure that accurately reflects the status of the underlying disease state.
10.1 Dopamine Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Abi-Dargham Anissa , Slifstein Mark , Kegeles Larry , Laruelle Marc 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSchizophrenia presents with multiple clinical features, ranging from positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder) to negative symptoms (social withdrawal, poverty of speech and thought, flattening of affect, and lack of motivation) and disturbances in cognitive processes (attention, working memory, verbal fluency and learning, social cognition, and executive function). In the last decade, imaging methodology has confirmed that dopamine (DA) dysregulation plays a role within each of these clinical dimensions, and has yielded evidence that striatal DA is increased, and cortical DA transmission is altered. Furthermore, the studies indicated a direct relationship between striatal DA excess and the positive symptoms of the illness as well as the magnitude and speed of their response to antipsychotic treatment, while cognitive and negative symptoms were related to cortical DA dysfunction. New evidence from both animal studies and studies in prodromal patients suggests that both sets of symptoms may emerge in relation to the striatal dopaminergic excess, the mechanisms of which are not well understood. This chapter begins by describing the evidence derived from imaging studies using measures of cortical and subcortical dopaminergic parameters and then speculates on the cellular significance of the imaging findings. It then describes the information gained from animal models regarding regulation of DA function by other transmitters and the circuits that may be involved, possibly leading to the dopaminergic phenotype.
The Syntax of Ellipsis
Authors: Van Craenenbroeck Jeroen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis book investigates a number of elliptical constructions found in Dutch dialects within the framework of the Minimalist Program. It argues that both the PF-deletion and the pro-theory of ellipsis are needed to account for the full range of elliptical phenomena attested in natural language. In chapters 2–9 the book focuses on two instances of stranding under sluicing: stranding with prepositions in English (What about?) and stranding with demonstrative pronouns in southern Dutch dialects (Wie dat? ‘who that’). Both these phenomena are given a PF-deletion analysis, and are shown to be the result of the interaction between the split CP-hypothesis and the syntax of wh-movement. The second half of the book is concerned with Short Do Replies in southern Dutch dialects, a type of reply that expresses verum focus and that at first sight bears a close resemblance to English VP-ellipsis. It is shown that in this case the ellipsis site is best represented as a null, structureless proform that is licensed by the head of a high polarity projection. This pronominal is then argued to occur in two other dialectal constructions as well: contradictory replies of the type Da's nie ‘that.is not’ found in Brabant Dutch, and the occurrence of subject clitics and agreement endings on the polarity items yes and no in Southern Dutch dialects (e.g. Ja-n-s ‘yes-plural-they’).
Romantic Antiquity
Authors: Sachs Jonathan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRomantic Antiquity examines how Romantic‐period writers deploy Roman republican precedents to constitute their vision of literary and political modernity. While scholars have long noted the fascination with Roman literature and history expressed by many preeminent British cultural figures of the early and middle‐18th century, they have only sparingly commented on the increasingly vexed role Rome played during the subsequent Romantic period. This critical oversight has arisen in the context of the articulation of a modernity distinguished either by its full‐scale rejection of classical precedents or by its embrace of Greece at the expense of Rome. In contrast, Romantic Antiquity argues that Rome is relevant to the Romantic period not as the continuation of an earlier neoclassicism, but rather as a concept that is simultaneously transformed and transformative: transformed in the sense that new models of historical understanding produced a changed conceptualization of the Roman past for Romantic writers, and transformative because Rome became the locus for new understandings of historicity itself and therefore a way to comprehend changes associated with modernity. The book asserts the centrality of Rome in a variety of literary events, including the British response to the French revolution, the Jacobin novel, Byron's late rejection of Romantic poetics, Shelley's Hellenism, and the London theatre, where the staging of Rome is directly responsible for Hazlitt's understanding of poetry as anti‐democratic, or “right royal.” By exposing how Roman references help structure Romantic poetics and theories of the imagination, and how this aesthetic work, in turn, impacts fundamental aspects of political modernity like mass democracy and the spread of empire, the book initiates a major overhaul in how we understand the presence of antiquity in a modernity with which we continue to struggle.
Chapter One Rome and the Revolution Controversy
Authors: Sachs Jonathan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn their polemical responses to the French revolution, Edmund Burke, William Godwin, John Thelwall, and others deploy Roman texts and Roman heroes for opposing sides in the conflict. Burke bolsters his argument with Roman texts, especially Cicero, but his appeal to Roman precedent rests uneasily with his emphasis on specifically national precedent. Godwin, though traditionally considered a “radical” thinker, relies on the exemplary praise of Roman heroes in a backwards looking manner that often works against his progressivism. Ultimately, this chapter uses its focus on contests over the Roman republican legacy in the Revolution Controversy to argue that this important debate on political philosophy is something more complicated than a simple opposition between “radical” and “conservative” positions.
Conclusion
Authors: Sachs Jonathan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDeQuincey's initial essays on the Caesars use their assessment of the Roman republic's failure in order to articulate a particular vision for the British monarchy, the British polity, and the British empire more broadly. They thus participate in the cultural struggle over the meaning and relevance of the Roman example for contemporary Britain and suggest that the common assumption that Rome, from the late eighteenth‐century onwards, was displaced from a position of dominant cultural authority requires revision. Rather, as De Quincey and the book's other examples suggest, the Roman republic retains a prominent place in the symbolic landscape of Britain in the Romantic period. By revealing the relevance of Rome to Romantic poetics and theories of the imagination, and by demonstrating how such aesthetic concerns relate to fundamental aspects of political modernity like mass democracy and the spread of empire, the book initiates a major overhaul in how we understand the relationship between antiquity and modernity.
A Song in the Dark
Authors: Barrios Richard 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
This book chronicles the birth and early years of an art form — the musical film. When sound came to film in the 1920s, musicals led the way as the testing ground upon which sound film proved itself — dauntlessly, intrepidly, sometimes artistically, often ineptly, through works and artists both familiar and forgotten: Al Jolson, the Oscar-winning Broadway Melody, director Ernst Lubitsch, the aberrant Golden Dawn, many more. After immense popularity, the musical market collapsed almost overnight as oversaturated audiences began to feel the effects of the Depression. There was nearly three years of down time, and then the genre returned, phoenix-like, with the triumphant 42nd Street. After seeming to contradict the national mood, musicals came to symbolize the country's recovery from crisis; in 1934, they assumed their final form with the enforcement of the Motion Picture Production Code. They would continue successfully for decades, but that early pioneer spirit and willingness to experiment and take chances were now mainly gone. Posterity has mainly misunderstood these films and underestimated their importance, yet their echoes and experiments resonate into the twenty-first century, and they form an intensely vital national heritage. Through meticulous research and analysis based in reception theory, this book reclaims the films and their creators, as well as the culture that embraced, rejected, then reconnected with them.