bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential Role of PDZ-RGS3 in the Maintenance of Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Qiu Runxiang , Wang Jun , Tsark Walter , Lu Qiang 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Ephrin-B plays an important role in neural progenitor cells to regulate self-renewal and differentiation. Cellular and embryological evidence suggest this function of ephrin-B is mediated through a PDZ-dependent reverse signaling mechanism. Here, we have genetically investigated the function of PDZ-RGS3, a proposed downstream signaling mediator of ephrin-B function, and found that knockout of PDZ-RGS3 caused early cell cycle exit and precocious differentiation in neural progenitor cells of the developing cerebral cortex, reminiscent of the phenotype observed in ephrin-B1 knockout mice. This resulted in a loss of cortical neural progenitor cells during cortical neurogenesis and led to impairment in the production of late born cortical neurons. These results reveal an essential role of PDZ-RGS3 in maintaining the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of neural progenitor cells and provide genetic evidence linking PDZ-RGS3 to ephrin-B reverse signaling. As ephrin-B molecules are often differentially expressed in different types of neural progenitor/stem cells during development or in adult life, deletion of PDZ-RGS3 can achieve a uniform loss of function of the ephrin-B/regulator of G protein-signaling (RGS) pathway, thereby providing a genetic tool useful for dissecting the mechanisms and functions of the ephrin-B/RGS reverse signaling pathway in neural progenitor/stem cell regulation.
Study of the cure characteristics and viscoelastic behavior of styrene‐butadiene rubber compounds by using a rubber process analyzer
Authors: Karrabi Mohammad , Mohammadian‐Gezaz Somayyeh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractViscoelastic and cure properties of styrene‐butadiene rubber compounds were investigated by using a “Rubber Process Analyzer.” The effects of sulfur content in the cure system and carbon black (CB) type and concentration on the cure behavior of samples were studied. As the ratio of S/accelerator in the curative increased, the cure rate increased, and the cure time decreased. Here, the elasticity was analyzed by considering the drop in the maximum of viscous torque (DS″) and the resilience, which increased for the cure systems in the order of conventional < semiefficient < efficient. Compounds with the higher loading and fine particle size of CB had the greater cure torque values, higher vulcanization rates, and the lower cure times. With increasing CB content and CB specific surface area, DS″ diminished, hence the elasticity. The Payne effect was observed in all strain‐sweep curves. At higher level and surface area of CB, the linear viscoelastic region disappeared, and the strain dependency of G′ was more pronounced. For higher loading and smaller particle size of CB, the relaxation modulus declined rather abruptly, and relaxation time increased. These observations signified more viscous and less elastic responses in these samples. Viscoelastic properties of compounds were explained by considering the hydrodynamic and dilution effects. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fabrication and properties of nano‐ZnO/glass‐fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Cui Yi‐Hua , Wang Xin‐Xin , Li Zhi‐Qi , Tao Jie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) is widely used in many fields, such as automobiles, medical devices, office equipment, pipe, and architecture. However, its high brittle transformation temperature, low mechanical strength, dyeing properties, antistatic properties, and poor impact resistance, considerably limit its further applications. Nano‐ZnO treated by KH550 coupling agent and glass fibers (GFs) were introduced in order to improve the mechanical performance and flowability of PP in this research. The crystallization behavior and microstructure of nano‐ZnO/GFs/PP hybrid composites were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of crystallization behavior on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites was investigated and analyzed. The results indicated that nano‐ZnO surface‐coupled by KH550 could be uniformly dispersed in the PP matrix. The incorporation of nano‐ZnO and GFs resulted in increases of the crystallization temperature and crystallization rate of PP and a decrease of the crystallization degree. The introduction of nano‐ZnO and GFs also enhanced the tensile strength and impact toughness of the hybrid composites and improved their fluidity. Composites containing 2% of nano‐ZnO and 40% of GFs possessed the optimum mechanical properties. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of the combination of a benzotriazole‐type ultraviolet absorber with thermal stabilizers on the photodegradation of poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Xiang Xiuqin , Chai Ruidan , Chen Shuangjun , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of the combination of a benzotriazole type of UV absorber (UV326) with different types of thermal stabilizers, including an organic calcium complex and an organotin mercaptide, on the photodegradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was investigated by color difference measurements, UV‐vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and viscosity‐average molecular weight (Mη) determinations. Films of PVC containing 0.5 phr of UV326, with or without 2 phr of thermal stabilizer, were prepared by solution casting and subjected to accelerated UV weathering under xenon light with an irradiance of 0.51 W/(m2 nm) at 65°C. The results revealed that both UV326 and the mixture of UV326 with the organic calcium complex displayed good performance in inhibiting the photodehydrochlorination and photooxidation of PVC. In contrast, the combination of UV326 and the methyltin mercaptide remarkably accelerated the discoloration of PVC when the irradiation time increased from 300 to 400 h because of the UV sensitivity of the organotin. However, carbonyl index data indicated that a hydrogen abstraction reaction did not take place between UV326 and the methyltin mercaptide, so that the photooxidation of the PVC film was prevented effectively during the whole period of exposure, a result which may be attributed to the strong steric hindrance effect of the tert‐butyl group at the 3‐position of the phenyl ring in UV326. The changes of Mη were in good accordance with the results obtained from other characterizations. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Neurocognitive mechanisms of action control: resisting the call of the Sirens
Authors: Richard Ridderinkhof K. , Forstmann Birte U. , Wylie Scott A. , Burle Borís , van den Wildenberg Wery P. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn essential facet of adaptive and versatile behavior is the ability to prioritize actions in response to dynamically changing circumstances. The field of potential actions afforded by a situation is shaped by many factors, such as environmental demands, past experiences, and prepotent tendencies. Selection among action affordances can be driven by deliberate, intentional processes as a product of goal‐directed behavior and by extraneous stimulus–action associations as established inherently or through learning. We first review the neurocognitive mechanisms putatively linked to these intention‐driven and association‐driven routes of action selection. Next, we review the neurocognitive mechanisms engaged to inhibit action affordances that are no longer relevant or that interfere with goal‐directed action selection. Optimal action control is viewed as a dynamic interplay between selection and suppression mechanisms, which is achieved by an elaborate circuitry of interconnected cortical regions (most prominently the pre‐supplementary motor area and the right inferior frontal cortex) and basal ganglia structures (most prominently the dorsal striatum and the subthalamic nucleus).WIREs Cogni Sci2011 2 174–192 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.99This article is categorized under:Psychology > AttentionNeuroscience > Cognition
Circular data
Authors: Lee Alan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe special nature of circular data means that conventional methods suitable for the analysis of linear data do not apply. In this article, we survey a range of methods that have been developed over the last 50 years to handle the special characteristics of data consisting of angular measurements. We discuss summary statistics and graphical methods, methods for the analysis of single and multiple samples of circular data, circular correlation, regression methods, and time series. We discuss the standard probability models on which these analyses are based, and give several examples of the application of these methods. A reasonably comprehensive bibliography is provided. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:Data: Types and Structure > Traditional Statistical Data
Synthetic biology: putting synthesis into biology
Authors: Liang Jing , Luo Yunzi , Zhao Huimin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe ability to manipulate living organisms is at the heart of a range of emerging technologies that serve to address important and current problems in environment, energy, and health. However, with all its complexity and interconnectivity, biology has for many years been recalcitrant to engineering manipulations. The recent advances in synthesis, analysis, and modeling methods have finally provided the tools necessary to manipulate living systems in meaningful ways and have led to the coining of a field named synthetic biology. The scope of synthetic biology is as complicated as life itself—encompassing many branches of science and across many scales of application. New DNA synthesis and assembly techniques have made routine customization of very large DNA molecules. This in turn has allowed the incorporation of multiple genes and pathways. By coupling these with techniques that allow for the modeling and design of protein functions, scientists have now gained the tools to create completely novel biological machineries. Even the ultimate biological machinery—a self‐replicating organism—is being pursued at this moment. The aim of this article is to dissect and organize these various components of synthetic biology into a coherent picture. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 7–20 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.104This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Metabolomics
Li6PO5Br and Li6PO5Cl: The first Lithium‐Oxide‐Argyrodites
Authors: Kong Shiao‐Tong , Deiseroth Hans‐Jörg , Maier Joachim , Nickel Vera , Weichert Katja , Reiner Christof 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe title compounds Li6PO5Br (Fand Li6PO5Cl (F represent the first oxidic argyrodites in general and the first lithiumoxoargyrodites in particular. The overall crystal structure corresponds to the cubic high temperature (HT) modification of all known cubic argyrodites, however, with a seemingly small but important difference concerning the lithium positions. In all other HT argyrodites with similar lithium content the 24 lithium atoms per unit cell are disordered over a 48 fold position in close vicinity to a 24 fold one causing a high mobility of the Li+. In the title compounds, however, they occupy the 24 fold one in a strictly ordered manner thus establishing a planar triangular first sphere coordination environment. This detail is of great importance for the amount of the specific lithium ionic conductivity and for the possible phase transition to an LT (low temperature) modification accompanied by an ordering of the disordered lithium atoms. Apparently the latter transition is suppressed in the title compounds because the Li+ are already frozen out in the cubic (HT = LT) form. The initially open question how this structural peculiarity influences the ionic conductivity (strengthening or weakening in comparison to oxygen free argyrodites?) is answered by a series of impedance measurements. The specific lithium ionic conductivity of the title compounds in the range 313 K < T < 518 K is significantly lower than in oxygen free argyrodites.
Isolated and Edge‐Connected Tetramers {(C2)2O2Dy14} in the Crystal Structures of {(C2)2O2Dy14}I24 and {(C2)2O2Dy12}I18
Authors: Daub Kathrin , Meyer Gerd 
Published: July 2010

Abstract{(C2)2O2Dy14}I24 (1) and {(C2)2O2Dy12}I18 (2) were obtained by solid‐state reactions in sealed tantalum containers at a temperature of 1000 °C. {(C2)2O2Dy14}I24 crystallizes in the space group P$\bar1$ with a = 972.97(14) pm, b = 1033.03(13) pm, c = 1677.0(2) pm, α = 101.42(1)°, β = 92.72(1)°, γ = 112.75(1)° and V = 1509.3(3)·106 pm3, Z = 2, and is isotypic with the analogous yttrium and erbium cluster complexes. The tetrameric {(C2)2O2R14}I32 cluster complexes consist of corner‐sharing tetrahedra with endohedral oxygen atoms to which octahedra encapsulating C2 dumbbells are attached on both sides. The tetramers are connected via iodide bridges yielding, e.g., {(C2)2O2Dy14}I24. Connection of the tetramers through common cluster edges leads to the one‐dimensional polymeric cluster complex {(C2)2O2Dy12}I18. It crystallizes in the space group P6/m with a = 2024.18(8) pm, c = 1299.21(4) pm, V = 4610.1(3) × 106 pm3 and Z = 8.
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)—Number and Type of Positive Criteria Predict Interventions and Outcomes in Acute Surgical Admissions
Authors: Stephenson James A. , Gravante Gianpiero , Butler Nicholas A. , Sorge Roberto , Sayers Rob D. , Bown Matt J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundSystemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a syndrome that reflects the widespread activation of inflammatory pathways. The goal of this study was to find whether the presence or absence of SIRS on emergency surgical admissions is related to the subsequent clinical outcome in terms of in‐hospital interventions, length of stay, and mortality.MethodsThe presence of SIRS at admission, final diagnosis of the underlying disease, treatments, and clinical outcomes were prospectively recorded for 1 month. Comparisons of interventions and outcomes were performed between SIRS+ vs. SIRS− patients. In patients with SIRS, the contribution of each positive criterion was evaluated with regards to mortality.ResultsA total of 179 patients were recruited. The prevalence of SIRS at admission was 35.2%. SIRS+ patients required less diagnostic procedures compared with SIRS− (28.6% vs. 34.5%) but had more therapeutic interventions (39.7% vs. 16.4%), surgical interventions (33.3% vs. 3.4%), intensive treatments (11.1% vs. 0.9%; p < 0.05), longer hospital stay (median 6 days vs. 2 days), and more frequent deaths (11.1% vs. 2.6%). SIRS+ patients with four positive criteria had more surgical interventions, intensive treatments, and fatal outcomes compared with the others. Of importance the most influent factor was the respiratory rate followed by the white cell count and the heart rate/temperature.ConclusionsPatients with SIRS at admission apparently receive more interventions, have longer length of stay, and increased mortality than those patients without SIRS. These findings require separate validation in a larger cohort study.
Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma after the Detection of Distant Recurrence
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Higashiyama Takuya , Takamura Yuuki , Kobayashi Kaoru , Miya Akihiro , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposePapillary thyroid carcinoma generally has an excellent prognosis but can have recurrence to the distant organs that is often life‐threatening. To date, prognosis and prognostic factors of papillary carcinoma have been intensively investigated, but our knowledge regarding prognosis after the detection of distant recurrence remains inadequate.MethodsWe investigated the prognosis and prognostic factors of papillary carcinoma after distant recurrence was detected during follow‐up in a series of 105 patients who underwent locally curative surgery between 1987 and 2004.ResultsTo date, 30 patients (29%) have died of carcinoma, and the 5‐year and 10‐year cause‐specific survival (CSS) rates after the detection of distant recurrence were 71 and 50%, respectively. Patients aged 55 years or older at recurrence or with massive extrathyroid extension of primary lesions demonstrated a significantly worse CSS. On multivariate analysis, these two parameters were recognized as independent prognostic factors. Gender, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis did not affect patient prognosis. Uptake of radioactive iodine (RAI) to distant metastasis was not significantly linked to CSS, but none of the patients younger than aged 55 years showing RAI uptake died of carcinoma. Appearance of distant recurrence to organs other than lung also predicted a dire prognosis.ConclusionsAge at recurrence and extrathyroid extension of primary lesions were significantly related to patient prognosis after the detection of distant recurrence. RAI therapy is effective, especially for younger patients, if metastatic lesions show RAI uptake.
Adipocytes participate in storage in α‐galactosidase deficiency (Fabry disease)
Authors: Hůlková Helena , Elleder Milan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUltrastructural and histochemical studies of bioptic and postmortem tissue samples from ten Fabry hemizygotes showed lysosomal storage in adipocytes as a constant feature of the classic phenotype of α‐galactosidase (GLA) deficiency. The storage was represented by a crescent‐shaped line of storage lysosomes of varying thicknesses restricted to the perinuclear subplasmalemmal area. The ultrastructure of the storage lysosomes was dominated by concentric lipid membranes modified by simultaneous deposition of autofluorescent ceroid. Storage was widely expressed in adipose tissue. The number of storage lysosomes was increased, and the lysosomes were more clustered in adipocytes with less voluminous lipid content. The findings should attract interest to studies of adipose tissue biology in Fabry disease, a topic that has not been studied so far. In terms of cell biology, the observations represent indirect evidence of significant lysosomal turnover of α‐galactose lipid conjugates in adipocytes demasked by GLA deficiency. The results extend the thus far limited information on the adipocyte lysosomal system and its participation in lysosomal storage disorders.
The Vindolanda Writing-Tablets (Tabulae Vindolandenses IV, Part 1)
Authors: Bowman A.K. , Thomas J.D. , Tomlin R.S.O. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis article contains full editions with commentaries of the first instalment of the approximately 37 ink writing-tablets from Vindolanda discovered in the excavation seasons of 2001, 2002 and 2003. The editions are numbered continuously from 854, following the sequence in A.K. Bowman and J.D. Thomas, The Vindolanda Writing-Tablets (Tabulae Vindolandenses III) (2003), and are grouped in the following categories: Literary Texts, Military Documents, Accounts, Letters. The second instalment, to be published in 2011, will contain the remaining Letters and Descripta.
Revisiting the ‘third debate’ (part I)
Authors: BLAIR BROOK M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractD. S. L. Jarvis has led a spirited and well-considered polemic against post-structuralist and post-modernist theories of International Relations, arguing that they still leave much to be desired if they are to succeed in establishing a viable alternative to the traditional theoretical approaches of the field. While Jarvis and his cohorts have clearly delivered a great many important criticisms to this end, the question nonetheless remains as to how adroitly the foundational literature of post-structuralist and post-modernist thought has been deployed by the dissident school of International Relations theory. As this article argues, a return to the foundations of anti-foundationalist thought thus becomes a vital necessity if the footing of the ‘third debate’ is to be secured with some greater degree of perspicuity and, indeed, in a manner more fruitful for the study of International Relations. In so doing, it concludes that the ‘power-knowledge’problématiquehas been poorly construed and must be revisited with much greater care and attention to some clear object of study if the post-structuralist and post-modernist ventures are ultimately to be fulfilled.
Chairs as policy entrepreneurs in multilateral negotiations
Authors: BLAVOUKOS SPYROS , BOURANTONIS DIMITRIS 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChairs have a significant potential effect on the bargaining structure and conduct of multilateral negotiations, addressing collective action problems that arise in decentralised bargaining. We examine the role of the Chair as a policy entrepreneur in multilateral negotiations, identifying the parameters that increase the Chair's entrepreneurship potential and condition the outcome of the Chair's entrepreneurial activities. We cluster the identified parameters in three groups of organisational attributes, comprising the Chair'smandate, availableresourcesand (formal)constraints, in particular decision-making rules. We use this typology to analyse four important case studies within the UN setting.
Distributive justice and the durability of peace agreements
Authors: DRUCKMAN DANIEL , ALBIN CECILIA 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between principles of distributive justice (DJ) and the durability of negotiated agreements. Sixteen peace agreements negotiated during the early 1990s were coded for the centrality of each of four principles of DJ – equality, proportionality, compensation, and need – to the core terms of the agreement. The agreements were also assessed on scales of implementation and durability over a five-year period. Another variable included in the analysis was the difficulty of the conflict environment. These data were used to evaluate three sets of hypotheses: the relationship between DJ and durability, the role of the conflict environment, and types of DJ principles. The results obtained from both statistical and focused-comparison analyses indicate that DJ moderates the relationship between conflict environments and outcomes: when principles of justice arecentral toan agreement, the negative effects of difficult conflict environments are reduced; when principles are not central, the negative effects of difficulty are heightened. These relationships are accounted for primarily by one of the four DJ principles – equality. Implications of these findings are discussed along with a number of ideas for further research.
The other as past and present: beyond the logic of ‘temporal othering’ in IR theory
Authors: PROZOROV SERGEI 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe article ventures a critique of the logic of ‘temporal othering’ in contemporary International Relations (IR) theory. Originally articulated in the field of European integration, this logic presupposes a possibility for a political community to constitute its identity without any spatial delimitation by means of casting as Other its own past, whose repetition in the future it seeks to avoid. While the image of contemporary Europe as ‘othering’ its own past has been subjected to empirical criticism, this article makes a conceptual argument for the indissociability of temporal and spatial aspects in any act of othering. Drawing on Alexandre Kojève's reading of Hegel, I argue that any historical action is necessarily spatiotemporal, combining the abstraction of temporal negation with the concrete actuality of a negated spatial being. Alternatives to the logic of sovereign territoriality are therefore not to be sought in the temporal aspect of othering, but rather by pursuing the possibility of self-constitution in the absence of any negating action whatsoever. The article concludes with an outline of such an alternative ethos, developed on the basis of Giorgio Agamben's reconstruction of the Hegelian-Kojèvian problematic of the end of history and his theory of the subject.