bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels in selected organic acids and organic acid/chloride environments
Authors: Adams F.V. , Olubambi P.A. , Potgieter J.H. , Van Der Merwe J. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to supplement the scant previous investigations on the corrosion behaviour of 2205 and 2507 duplex stainless steels in selected organic acids containing chloride additions.Design/methodology/approachMicrostructural examination of the alloys was first carried out, after which the corrosion behaviour of the alloys in citric, oxalic, formic and acetic acids containing chloride additions at varying temperatures was studied using electrochemical techniques.FindingsThe alloy 2507 material had a larger grain size than did the alloy 2205 sample. The corrosion resistances of the alloys generally are highest in acetic acids and lowest in citric acid. The addition of chloride had a pronounced effect on their corrosion resistance. Alloy 2507 generally exhibited higher corrosion resistance in all of the acids than alloy 2205, with the exception of acetic acid at room temperature. The 50:50 ratio of ferrite to austenite composition, as revealed by phase compositional analysis, indicated no significant possibility for galvanic corrosion between the phases. This suggests that the corrosion behaviour of the alloys is controlled by their grain sizes and chemical compositions.Originality/valueAlthough the corrosion behaviour of duplex stainless steels in some organic acid media has been reported, this investigation covers the major organic acids not previously reported. Since in real industrial systems a mixture of both organic and minerals acids/salts may typically exist, investigations of the combined effect of chloride ions with the organic acids reported in this paper typify real industrial operations. The paper thus provides a basis for material selection for the application of 2205 and 2507 in industrial systems where organic acids are mostly used.
Detection of corrosion on 304 stainless steel by acoustic emission measurement
Authors: Du Gang , Wang Weikui , Song Shizhe , Jin Shijiu 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report an investigation of the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of the corrosion process of 304 stainless steel in acidic NaCl solution.Design/methodology/approachThe corrosion behavior of a specimen with constant load in acidic NaCl solution was studied, and the AE signal characteristics of the corrosion process were analyzed. Stress corrosion cracking of the specimen was detected using the AE and electrochemical noise (EN) techniques, and the acquired data were compared.FindingsThe results indicated that AE technology is very sensitive to the AE signals generated by 304 nitrogen controlled stainless steel in acidic NaCl solution. The characteristics of AE signals at different stages of the corrosion process are significantly different. Additionally, the AE test result is confirmed by the EN test results.Originality/valueThe characteristics of AE signals at different stages of the corrosion process are gained for the first time, which is an important guide by which to distinguishing different stages of corrosion.
Electrochemical polarization and passivation of nanostructured iron in acid solution
Authors: Afshari Vahid , Dehghanian Changiz 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of grain‐size reduction on the stability of passive films formed on pure iron. Possible mechanisms capable of their improvement are discussed.Design/methodology/approachNanocrystalline iron was produced by pulse electrodeposition using a citric acid bath. The grain size of the nanocrystalline surface was analyzed by X‐ray diffractometry and atomic force microscopy. The tests were carried out in 95‐97 percent H2SO4 aqueous solution. The stability of the passive films was investigated using Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.FindingsThe corrosion resistance of Fe in concentrated sulfuric acid solution increased as the grain size decreased from microcrystalline to nanocrystalline. The decreased passive current density of nanocrystalline Fe may be due to the more rapid formation of continuous passive films at surface crystalline defects, compared with coarse‐grained Fe structures.Originality/valueThe behavior of passive film growth and corrosion is considered in terms of excess free energy caused by the nanocrystalline surface.
Sustainability as a new paradigm regarding food consumption
Authors: Schacht Karolin , Leal Filho Walter , Koppe Wolfgang , Struksnaes Gunvor , Busch‐Stockfisch Mechthild 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the concept of sustainability as a new paradigm regarding food consumption and, by means of a case study from the aquaculture sector, to illustrate how sustainability elements may lead to a new paradigm in food consumption.Design/methodology/approachThe study described involved sensory analyses and personal responses from different consumers representing the population for who the product is intended. Standard methods were adopted for field and laboratory studies.FindingsThe experimental studies have shown that appearance, flavour, odour, texture and overall acceptance of farmed salmon is at least as accepted as wild salmon. The sustainability analysis has shown that under the right conditions, sustainability elements may be applied in aquaculture as a means to improve quality and catalyse sustainable food consumption.Practical implicationsThe work was carried out in order to discuss the extent to which the concept of sustainability may apply to food consumption projects.Originality/valueThis is the first time a holistic analysis of the links between sustainability in food consumption projects has been made. The paper provides useful data and knowledge on which further research can be carried out.
New paradigm for patterns of home packaged food intake
Authors: Poças M.F.F. , Oliveira J.C. , Pinto H.J. , Zacarias M.E. , Hogg T. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a pilot study characterizing the domestic usage of food packaging (amount and type) at the household level.Design/methodology/approachCollection and detailed characterization is carried out, from a sample of Portuguese consumers, of packages used at home during a seven‐day period.FindingsThe daily intake of domestically consumed, packaged food ranged from 5 to 50 g/kgbw. The average intake value for children below 12 years old was 26 g/kgbw. Considering all packaging materials, package usage ranged from 0.1dm2/day.kgbw to 0.6dm2/day.kgbw. Packaging usage factors and food‐type distribution factors for each packaging material were estimated.Research limitations/implicationsThe period of packaging collection and the size of the sample limit the degree of generalized conclusions that can be drawn.Practical implicationsThe data collected are the base for the development of a framework and could make an important contribution to the assessment of consumer exposure to substances migrating from packages into food, in this case of the Portuguese consumer.Originality/valueThe results achieved are analysed in relation to the current assumptions made for the safety assessment of materials in the relevant European legislation. Furthermore, the results achieved can be used in a probabilistic approach to these assessments as the distributions of values, and not only the per capita values, are known.
Ageing and food consumption in Portugal: new or old paradigms?
Authors: de Morais Cecília , Afonso Cláudia , de Almeida M.D.V. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the effects of ageing on food choice according to Portuguese elderly narratives within an eight‐country research project, the Food in Later Life (www.foodinlaterlife.org).Design/methodology/approachThe project was organized into eight interrelated but independent work packages (WPs) using semi‐structured interviews, structured questionnaires and food diaries. Each interview took approximately one hour and was complemented by a background questionnaire (SF36) and seven day food diaries (shopping and consumption). The data from the interviews were transcribed and analysed using MaxQDA. Data from the Portuguese sample are presented and complemented by the eight country samples in the case of meal patterns, functional and convenience products. The sentences used to illustrate the memories of older people are quoted.FindingsHealth problems and physiological restraints along with social changes, loss of a partner and/or loneliness were identified as major factors behind the elderly food choice. Functional and convenience products are still not familiar to the elderly in Europe.Research limitations/implicationsMore research on determinants of healthy ageing, especially in what concerns foods, and satisfaction with food, is required since efficient policies are needed to enable older populations to maintain their independence and a good satisfaction with food‐related life.Originality/valueThis cross‐cultural qualitative research provides important information about elderly food choice and the factors behind that choice.
Public perceptions of food‐related hazards: an application to Portuguese consumers
Authors: Miguel Cunha Luís , Pinto de Moura Ana , Lopes Zulmira , do Céu Santos Maria , Silva Isidro 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to assess public perception of food‐related hazards by Portuguese consumers at major metropolitan areas. A contrast was searched between controllable and non‐controllable hazards.Design/methodology/approachThe Perceived Food Risk Index developed by Fife‐Schaw and Rowe, was administered to a sample of 666 subjects through a door to door interview using a random route walk procedure and following a quota sampling controlled for sex, age and location. Risk perception was evaluated over ten risk characteristics, for each of the hazards.FindingsThrough principal component analysis, two main components were identified: “Knowledge” and “Dread”. A perceptual map of the hazards was built over these two dimensions. A high level of worry and concern associated with fatty foods was found, clearly contradicting the expected attenuation of risk perception associated to greater perceived personal control. Contrarily to previous findings for other populations, GMOs yielded lower levels of both “Knowledge” and “Dread”. Based on risk perceptions, consumers were grouped in four segments: optimists, unconfident, fearless, and fearful.Originality/valueThis work adds to knowledge on the Portuguese consumer and its risk perceptions, a fairly unreported topic, thus helping to the success of food safety communication by different stakeholders.
The multidimensional nature of production competence and additional evidence of its impact on business performance
Authors: Avella Lucía , Vázquez‐Bustelo Daniel 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to look into production competence theory by proposing and validating a multidimensional construct, and offering additional empirical evidence regarding the contribution of production competence to business performance.Design/methodology/approachProduction competence is defined as a second‐order factor/construct in terms of five underlying dimensions: cost, flexibility, quality, delivery and environmental protection competence. Different scales are used to measure the construct, validated by a multi‐step process. Data from 274 manufacturing firms and structural equation modelling as the main technique are used for the analysis.FindingsThe paper suggests that manufacturing capabilities and their alignment with the competitive priorities pursued must be considered to explain the contribution of manufacturing to business performance. The provided evidence suggests that the manufacturing function significantly contributes to business performance, and enables us to conclude that production competence is a determinant of business performance.Practical implicationsFirms should focus on the development of manufacturing capabilities that are key for the market (and consistent with the business strategy). To achieve this, the production function should be integrated into the strategic planning process of the overall business strategy.Originality/valueMost research works to date deal with production competence as a one‐dimensional construct and reduce its measurement to a single index, fussing variables of different types. This paper provides a valid multidimensional operationalisation of production competence, considering environmental protection as a fifth manufacturing objective. It also offers additional empirical evidence regarding the positive link between production competence and business performance.
An exploratory study of human resource aspects of international technology transfers to Sri Lankan private sector manufacturing firms
Authors: Wickramasinghe Vathsala , Garusinghe Saman 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore project‐level human resource aspects of international technology transfers (ITTs) to private sector manufacturing firms in Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 35 ITT projects. A self‐administered survey questionnaire was chosen as the main mode for data collection. In addition to descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression were used to analyse data.FindingsFirms have acquired product, process and management‐system technologies from countries having different institutional environments, namely, the USA, Europe, China, Japan and India. It was found that the country from which technology was sourced and the type of technology predict several project‐level human resource aspects explored in this paper.Originality/valueThe acquisition of human resource capabilities provides the central underpinning in ITTs. There is a marked absence of research‐led literature on technology transfers at the project‐level that resulted in less developed countries in Asia.
Interview with Alison Esse: Director, The Storytellers Ltd
Authors: by Juliet Norton Interview 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an interview with Alison Esse, Director of The Storytellers Ltd, an organization that has harnessed the power of Storytelling to help business leaders improve organizational performance by connecting employees to strategy, vision, values and change.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent interviewer.FindingsThe Storytellers' innovative engagement programme has proved itself with dozens of blue chip organizations all over the world, and the company is now preparing for significant growth over the next few years. The vision of the company is that: “everyone in business will realise the power of their Story”.Practical implicationsProvides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.Social implicationsProvides strategic insights and practical thinking that can have a broader social impact.Originality/valueThis interview gives some insight into the Storytellers' innovative engagement programme, which can help business leaders connect their people to strategy, vision, values and change through the power of storytelling.
Challenging ethnic and gender identities
Authors: Atewologun ’Doyin , Singh Val 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how UK black professionals construct and negotiate ethnic/gender identities at work.Design/methodology/approachSeparate semi‐structured focus groups for three females and four males are used.FindingsEthnicity, gender and their intersection play important roles in identity construction of black UK professionals, who frequently encounter identity‐challenging situations as they interact with explicit and implicit models of race and stereotyping. Males use agentic strategies to further their careers, drawing strength from “black men” identities. Women are less agentic, reframing challenging episodes to protect/restore their identity.Research limitations/implicationsThis study helps understanding of workplace experiences of UK black professionals beyond entry level. Several years after graduation, they still engage frequently in identity work, facing stereotyping and expectations based on intersecting gender and ethnic social categories. The paper shows how aspects of “black identity” provide a resource that supports career progress. Main limitation is small sample size.Practical implicationsPeople managing diverse professionals and HRM specialists need to recognize how much identity work (e.g. frequently countering stereotyping) has to be done by black professionals in cultures that do not value diversity. As they gain access to senior positions, this will be increasingly an issue for talent retention.Originality/valueThis paper provides some rich understanding about identity construction of black male professionals, an under researched group. This paper extends the work on ethnic minority females, comparing them with male peers. It is shown that minority groups are not homogeneous, but may undergo different workplace experiences and adopt different strategies, drawing on various aspects of the generic “black identity”. This has implications for how organizational diversity is understood, managed and researched.
Exploring ethnicity in organizations
Authors: Kenny Etlyn J. , Briner Rob B. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how ethnicity remains relevant to the workplace experience of minority ethnic graduate employees in contemporary British organizations.Design/methodology/approachQualitative interviews were conducted with 30 British Black Caribbean graduate employees drawn from a range of public and private‐sector organizations to examine the ways in which they felt their ethnicity impacted on how they experienced their places of work. Template analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe paper finds that racial discrimination, social class and ethnic identity were key elements of the way in which ethnicity was experienced by these minority ethnic graduate employees. The paper discusses the differing ways racial discrimination is experienced and conceptualized in contemporary British organizations; and highlights the ways in which social class may play a role in how a group of (largely) working class minority ethnic graduates progress their careers in (largely) middle class organizational environments. Presented for the first time is a theory on the key facets of the ways ethnic identity might be experienced at work.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research would be required to see if the findings are replicated with graduates from other minority ethnic groups.Practical implicationsThe paper provides insights into ways in which majority and minority ethnic employees may experience organizations differently.Originality/valueThis paper provides some new insights into the role of ethnicity at work. It also attempts to address some of the issues with organizational psychological research on ethnicity at work identified by Kenny and Briner.
Differing labour market positions of ethnic graduates in Flanders
Authors: Lenaers Steven 
Published: May 2010

PurposeSeveral Flemish social scientists argue for the existence of a dual Flemish labour market as a result of ethnic stratification. Flanders is the Northern, Dutch speaking region of Belgium, which inhabits around six million people. The poor educational level of ethnic minority youngsters is generally considered to be one of the main explaining factors. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether ethnic minority graduates, who have successfully completed their higher education, also face ethnic stratification in the labour market, even though the educational argument does not apply. Therefore, the paper examines differences in labour market positions of the third (Italian) and the second (Turkish and Moroccan) generation immigrants, and a matching Flemish ethnic majority control group.Design/methodology/approachThe study is essentially of a quantitative nature. A postal survey was used to ask recently graduated ethnic minority and majority students from two schools of higher education and one university in Flanders about their career on the labour market after graduation. Universities provide education leading to master diplomas whereas schools of higher education train professional bachelors.FindingsThe waiting period between leaving school and entering the labour market is longer for ethnic majority graduates than for ethnic minority graduates. However, once on the labour market the differences in labour market position tend to disappear. Differences in first job wage, contract modalities, labour regime or the executive character of the job were small and non‐significant. Yet 61 per cent of the graduates of Turkish and Moroccan origin feel they have to try harder both in gaining access to the labour market and once in employment.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies will need to confirm these findings, perhaps even with ethnic minorities of other educational levels, in other locations.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that closer attention should be paid to the psychological dimension of the school‐to‐work transition of ethnic minority graduates as their psychological contract is under pressure. As they feel their efforts are not sufficiently rewarded – since they feel they have to try harder than others and are rewarded the same – chances are they will reduce their efforts.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on the under‐researched area of ethnic stratification among higher educated graduates. Moreover, it is not limited to factual labour market positions. The inclusion of subjective variables such as opportunity perception and self‐confidence allows additional insight in existing differences and similarities.
Celebrating our diversity: creating an inclusive climate in a US university
Authors: Gavino Monica C. , Eber John E. , Bell David 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide insight and reflections on the experience of initiating a diversity effort from the perspective of members of a university change team. The process, challenges, and recommendations for institutions that may embark on a formal initiative towards becoming a more inclusive and equitable community are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThe multicultural organizational development (MCOD) model is operationalized at this university. MCOD is a long‐term, complex, organizational change process that aims at reducing oppression that exists in institutions through a fundamental transformation of the culture.FindingsBased on the findings of the assessment, the results indicate that the university climate is trending in a positive direction. However, a gap exists between where the university aspires to be, as a multicultural campus, and the stage it is currently in with respect to four social identity areas: race, gender, religion, and sexual orientation.Practical implicationsRecommendations for helping with a successful implementation of an organizational change initiative and assisting institutions to navigate through the process more effectively are provided.Social implicationsThis paper provides an approachable, data‐driven, evidence‐based process for colleges and universities to consider to implement and measure their diversity efforts.Originality/valueThis paper draws from the unique experience of members of a change team and the utilization of the MCOD model in a faith‐based university setting, and highlights the process and the challenges that many institutions still face while implementing a diversity change effort.