bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From compartments to loops: understanding the unique chromatin organization in neuronal cells
Authors: Zagirova Diana , Kononkova Anna , Vaulin Nikita , Khrameeva Ekaterina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe three-dimensional organization of the genome plays a central role in the regulation of cellular functions, particularly in the human brain. This review explores the intricacies of chromatin organization, highlighting the distinct structural patterns observed between neuronal and non-neuronal brain cells. We integrate findings from recent studies to elucidate the characteristics of various levels of chromatin organization, from differential compartmentalization and topologically associating domains (TADs) to chromatin loop formation. By defining the unique chromatin landscapes of neuronal and non-neuronal brain cells, these distinct structures contribute to the regulation of gene expression specific to each cell type. In particular, we discuss potential functional implications of unique neuronal chromatin organization characteristics, such as weaker compartmentalization, neuron-specific TAD boundaries enriched with active histone marks, and an increased number of chromatin loops. Additionally, we explore the role of Polycomb group (PcG) proteins in shaping cell-type-specific chromatin patterns. This review further emphasizes the impact of variations in chromatin architecture between neuronal and non-neuronal cells on brain development and the onset of neurological disorders. It highlights the need for further research to elucidate the details of chromatin organization in the human brain in order to unravel the complexities of brain function and the genetic mechanisms underlying neurological disorders. This research will help bridge a significant gap in our comprehension of the interplay between chromatin structure and cell functions.
Targeting pathogenic fibroblast-like synoviocyte subsets in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Qian Hongyan , Deng Chaoqiong , Chen Shiju , Zhang Xinwei , He Yan , Lan Jingying , Wang Aodi , Shi Guixiu , Liu Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play a central role in RA pathogenesis and are the main cellular component in the inflamed synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). FLSs are emerging as promising new therapeutic targets in RA. However, fibroblasts perform many essential functions that are required for sustaining tissue homeostasis. Direct targeting of general fibroblast markers on FLSs is challenging because fibroblasts in other tissues might be altered and side effects such as reduced wound healing or fibrosis can occur. To date, no FLS-specific targeted therapies have been applied in the clinical management of RA. With the help of high-throughput technologies such as scRNA-seq in recent years, several specific pathogenic FLS subsets in RA have been identified. Understanding the characteristics of these pathogenic FLS clusters and the mechanisms that drive their differentiation can provide new insights into the development of novel FLS-targeting strategies for RA. Here, we discuss the pathogenic FLS subsets in RA that have been elucidated in recent years and potential strategies for targeting pathogenic FLSs.
Potential clinical application of anti-Müllerian hormone testing in radioiodine treatment of thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Havlínová Barbora , Součková Ilona , Kopřivová Kateřina , Doležal Jiří 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDifferentiated thyroid cancer is the most common endocrinological malignancy. Radioiodine treatment has a clear benefit in locally aggressive and metastatic cancers. There are discussions about long-term and acute adverse events.Anti-Müllerian hormone is regarded as the best endocrine marker for evaluating the physiological loss of oocytes in healthy women with regard to age. The impact of radioiodine treatment on anti-Müllerian hormone levels has been more significantly reported in patients over 35 years of age. About reproductive dysfunction, calculations of individual absorbed doses of radioiodine in ovaries after thyroid cancer therapy have not been performed yet. The aim of our ongoing prospective study is to determine serum anti-Müllerian hormone to estimate ovarian reserve for premenopausal women treated with radioiodine and to compare anti-Müllerian hormone levels before and after radioiodine treatment. Predicting radioiodine side effects by evaluating a simple serum biomarker may help to select an appropriate treatment strategy for young women planning pregnancy, specifically in the assessment of ovarian reserve and premature ovarian failure with early onset of menopause.
Geography and health: role of human translocation and access to care
Authors: Brattig Norbert , Bergquist Robert , Vienneau Danielle , Zhou Xiao-Nong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNatural, geographical barriers have historically limited the spread of communicable diseases. This is no longer the case in today’s interconnected world, paired with its unprecedented environmental and climate change, emphasising the intersection of evolutionary biology, epidemiology and geography (i.e. biogeography). A total of 14 articles of the special issue entitled “Geography and health: role of human translocation and access to care” document enhanced disease transmission of diseases, such as malaria, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, COVID-19 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona 2) and Oropouche fever in spite of spatiotemporal surveillance. High-resolution satellite images can be used to understand spatial distributions of transmission risks and disease spread and to highlight the major avenue increasing the incidence and geographic range of zoonoses represented by spill-over transmission of coronaviruses from bats to pigs or civets. Climate change and globalization have increased the spread and establishment of invasive mosquitoes in non-tropical areas leading to emerging outbreaks of infections warranting improved physical, chemical and biological vector control strategies. The translocation of pathogens and their vectors is closely connected with human mobility, migration and the global transport of goods. Other contributing factors are deforestation with urbanization encroaching into wildlife zones. The destruction of natural ecosystems, coupled with low income and socioeconomic status, increase transmission probability of neglected tropical and zoonotic diseases. The articles in this special issue document emerging or re-emerging diseases and surveillance of fever symptoms. Health equity is intricately connected to accessibility to health care and the targeting of healthcare resources, necessitating a spatial approach. Public health comprises successful disease management integrating spatial surveillance systems, including access to sanitation facilities. Antimicrobial resistance caused, e.g. by increased use of antibiotics in health, agriculture and aquaculture, or acquisition of resistance genes, can be spread by horizontal gene transfer. This editorial reviews the key findings of this 14-article special issue, identifies important gaps relevant to our interconnected world and makes a number of specific recommendations to mitigate the transmission risks of infectious diseases in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.
Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India
Authors: Mohan Malu , Thangaraj Jeromie W. V. , Pandey Sumit , Sri Lakshmi Priya G. , Arunachalam Sivavallinathan , Sharma Rahul , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Aishwarya B. , Afeeq K. , Khatoon Afsana , Gokulvijay B. , Sireesha Gude , Chandra Kavita , Nandhakumar S. , Samuel Prince , Nanditha Viswanathan C. , Shanmugasundaram Devika , Rao Raghuram , Murhekar Manoj V. , Jeyashree Kathiresan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB (PwTB). Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states, reported a 70% coverage and high median delay in benefit credit. We undertook a qualitative study between January and July 2023, to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY scheme.

Methods
We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple sources. We conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national, district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India, selected using theoretical sampling. An analytical framework developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews, guided the coding of the subsequent interviews. Categories and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical saturation.

Results
Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial initiative. Strong political commitment from the state administration, mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare delivery system, availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of implementation. However, the complex, multi-level benefit approval process, difficulties in accessing banking services, perceived inadequacy of benefits and overworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and utilization.

Conclusion
The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and challenged by its lengthy implementation process and delayed disbursal of benefits. We recommend greater operational simplicity in NPY implementation, integrating NTEP activities with the public health system to reduce the burden on the program staff, and revising the benefit amount more equitably.
Physical exercise and college students’ sense of meaning in life: Chain mediating effect test
Authors: Zhao Hongbo , Yin Xue 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
To explore the impact mechanism of physical exercise on the sense of meaning in life of college students, and analyze the chain mediating effect between self-concept and self-control.

Methods
A questionnaire survey was conducted on 923 college students in China using the Physical Exercise Rating Scale (PARS-3), Life Meaning Scale, Self Concept Scale, and Self Control Scale.

Results
(1) Physical exercise, self-concept, self-control and sense of meaning in life are significantly related to each other; (2) Self-concept and self-control play a chain mediating role between physical exercise and college students’ sense of meaning in life, with an effect value of 0.042, accounting for 5.48% of the total effect.

Conclusion
Physical exercise can directly enhance the sense of meaning in life of college students, and can also indirectly enhance it not only through the mediating effect of self-concept and self-control, but also through the chain mediating effect of the two. These results provide theoretical reference for college students to improve their sense of life meaning and mental health education.
A novel inorganic phosphate-based adhesive for bonding archaeological pottery: a preliminary exploration
Authors: Xie Lina , Li Yuhu , Hu Wenjing , Fang Shiqiang , Chen Xue-Qiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Damage and fracture of archaeological potteries not only jeopardize the long-term preservation but also hinder their exhibition. To repair these pottery sherds effectively, this study introduces a novel inorganic phosphate-based adhesive and evaluates its effectiveness through a series of experiments. To determine the optimal base adhesive, the paper investigates the influence of varying weight ratios of the H2O–H3PO4 system and the Al(OH)3–H3PO4 system on properties including tensile lap-shear strength, microstructure, high-temperature resistance and phase composition. However, the original black color of the traditional CuO–phosphate adhesive limits its application. The innovation of this study lies in the addition of nano-TiO2 to the adhesive, which not only improves the bonding strength but also adjusts the color of the adhesive. This study has defined the optimal formulation (i.e., base adhesive = m[Al(OH)3]:m[H3PO4] = 7:100, filler = 10wt% nano-TiO2), and the final product shows no residual acid in adhesives. Additionally, the fracture surfaces are successfully bonded with a high strength of 3.56 MPa. Various ageing tests including dry-thermal ageing, hygrothermal ageing and UV irradiation ageing are conducted to assess the ageing resistance of the inorganic phosphate-based adhesive. The results indicate strong tolerance of adhesive to high temperature and high humidity environment. Preliminary applications in archaeological pottery restoration suggest that the inorganic phosphate-based adhesive offers considerable promise for repairing shattered pottery.

Graphical Abstract
Epidemiology and diagnosis of gout in sub-saharan Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Ismael Ayouba Tinni , Fulgence Kabore , Tchenadoyo Bayala Yannick Laurent , Nadège Yameogo Wendyam , Stéphanie Joelle Zabsonre/Tiendrebeogo Wendlassida , Aboubakar Ouedraogo , Enselme Zongo Yamyelle , Awa Traore , Marcellin Bonkoungou , Dieu-Donné Ouedraogo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The episodic nature of gout and diagnostic uncertainty in the absence of microcrystal evidence make it particularly difficult to estimate the frequency of gout. Our aim was to review the literature on the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of gout in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
This literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE database (via PUBMED), Google Scholar, and conference abstracts. The selection process was based on reading the titles first, then the abstracts, and then the full texts once the articles had been selected. Studies were included in this review if they presented original findings on the epidemiological and/or diagnostic aspects of gout in sub-Saharan Africa. Two groups of two investigators independently reviewed the studies. The results were analysed descriptively.

Results
The literature search identified 131 articles and 22 conference abstracts. Nineteen articles were included in our review. Twelve studies were retrospective, five were cross-sectional, one was prospective, and one was both retrospective and cross-sectional. The duration of the studies ranged from 1 to 15 years, and the sample size ranged from 15 to 511 patients, for a total of 2557 patients. Gout was quite common, with a maximum frequency of 11.87%. Fourteen articles diagnosed gout via criteria, including 9 studies totaling 1174 patients via the 1977 ACR criteria. Gout tophi were reported in 15 articles involving 464 patients. Of these studies, seven looked for monosodium urate crystals in 317 (43.85%) of 723 patients. Among the 317 patients, monosodium urate crystals were detected in 263 (82.97%) patients. Eleven studies reported mean uricemia values ranging from 452.09 µmol/L to 642.44 µmol/L, with a mean of 510.63 µmol/L.

Conclusions
This review revealed that all the studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa were intrahospital studies, and the majority were retrospective. Consequently, there is a clear need for population-based studies.
Quantifying the economic value of earlier and enhanced management of anorexia nervosa for adults in England, Germany and Spain: improving the care pathway
Authors: McDaid David , Treasure Janet , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Quoidbach Vinciane , Dickson Suzanne , Gorwood Philip 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness. One-third of people develop severe, enduring, illness, adversely impacting quality of life with high health system costs. This study assessed the economic case for enhanced care for adults newly diagnosed with AN.

Methods
A five-state 312-month-cycle Markov model assessed the economic impact of four enhanced care pathways for adults newly diagnosed with AN in England, Germany, and Spain. Enhancements were halving wait times for any outpatient care, receiving specialist outpatient treatment post-referral, additional transitional support post-referral, and all enhancements combined. Care pathways, estimates of impact, resource use, and costs were drawn from literature. Net monetary benefits (NMBs), impacts on health system costs, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted were estimated. Parameter uncertainty was addressed in multi-way sensitivity analyses. Costs are presented in 2020 purchasing power parity adjusted Euros.

Results
All four enhanced care pathways were superior to usual care, with the combined intervention scenario having the greatest NMBs of €248,575, €259,909, and €258,167 per adult in England, Germany, and Spain, respectively. This represented maximum NMB gains of 9.38% (€21,316), 4.3% (€10,722), and 4.66% (€11,491) in England, Germany and Spain compared to current care. Healthcare costs would reduce by more than 50%.

Conclusions
Early and effective treatment can change the trajectory of AN. Reducing the untreated duration of the disorder is crucial. There is a good economic case in different country contexts for measures to reduce waiting times between diagnosis and treatment and increase access to enhanced outpatient treatment.
Understanding symptom profiles of depression with the PHQ-9 in a community sample using network analysis
Authors: Núñez Catalina , Delgadillo Jaime , Barkham Michael , Behn Alex 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions in the world. However, the heterogeneity of depression has presented obstacles for research concerning disease mechanisms, treatment indication, and personalization. The current study used network analysis to analyze and compare profiles of depressive symptoms present in community samples, considering the relationship between symptoms.

Methods
Cross-sectional measures of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 items (PHQ-9) were collected from community samples using data from participants scoring above a clinical threshold of ≥10 points (N = 2,023; 73.9% female; mean age 49.87, SD = 17.40). Data analysis followed three steps. First, a profiling algorithm was implemented to identify all possible symptom profiles by dichotomizing each PHQ-9 item. Second, the most prevalent symptom profiles were identified in the sample. Third, network analysis for the most prevalent symptom profiles was carried out to identify the centrality and covariance of symptoms.

Results
Of 382 theoretically possible depression profiles, only 167 were present in the sample. Furthermore, 55.6% of the symptom profiles present in the sample were represented by only eight profiles. Network analysis showed that the network and symptoms’ relationship varied across the profiles.

Conclusions
Findings indicate that the vast number of theoretical possible ways to meet the criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) is significantly reduced in empirical samples and that the most common profiles of symptoms have different networks and connectivity patterns. Scientific and clinical consequences of these findings are discussed in the context of the limitations of this study.
Retrospective Study of Claudin 18 Isoform 2 Prevalence and Prognostic Association in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Waters Rebecca , Sewastjanow-Silva Matheus , Yamashita Kohei , Abdelhakeem Ahmed , Iwata Kenneth K. , Moran Diarmuid , Elsouda Dina , Guerrero Abraham , Pizzi Melissa , Vicentini Ernesto Rosa , Shanbhag Namita , Ta Anh , Chatterjee Deyali , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE Claudin 18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) is an emerging biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to obtain deeper understanding of CLDN18.2 positivity patterns, prognostic implications, and associations with various demographic, clinical, and molecular characteristics in G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. METHODS Archived tumor tissue samples from 304 patients with G/GEJ adenocarcinoma in the United States were assessed for CLDN18.2 positivity by immunohistochemistry. CLDN18.2 positivity was defined as ≥50% or ≥75% of tumor cells with CLDN18 staining intensity ≥2+. CLDN18.2 positivity patterns were analyzed for association with prognosis and clinicopathologic/demographic characteristics. Where possible, CLDN18.2 positivity was analyzed for matched tissue samples to assess concordance between primary and metastatic tumors and concordance before and after chemotherapy. RESULTS The overall prevalence of CLDN18.2-positive tumors (with ≥75% cutoff) was 44.4% (n = 135 of 304). CLDN18.2-positive tumors had a prevalence of 51.4% (n = 91 of 177) in gastric and 34.6% (n = 44 of 127) in GEJ adenocarcinoma. With a ≥50% cutoff, the prevalence of CLDN18.2-positive tumors was 64.4% (n = 114 of 177) in gastric adenocarcinoma and 44.9% (n = 57 of 127) in GEJ adenocarcinoma. There was no association between overall survival and CLDN18.2 positivity using either threshold. Statistically significant associations were noted between CLDN18.2 positivity and sex, histologic type of G/GEJ adenocarcinoma, and adenocarcinoma subtype (≥75% cutoff), and metastasis site and tumor grade (≥50% cutoff). The overall concordance of CLDN18.2 positivity (≥75% cutoff) was 73% (27 of 37) for matched primary versus metastatic tumor samples and 74% (29 of 39) for matched samples before and after chemotherapy. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CLDN18.2 positivity did not correlate with survival in G/GEJ adenocarcinoma, consistent with published data. On the basis of matched sample analysis, CLDN18.2 appears to demonstrate >70% concordance as a biomarker. Observed correlations with certain patient/tumor characteristics warrant further study.