bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When and Where is a Monk No Longer a Monk? On Communion and Communities in Indian Buddhist Monastic Law Codes
Authors: Clarke Shayne 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIndian Buddhist monks and nuns who commit pārājika offences are generally deemed to be asamvāsa ("not in communion"). In this paper I question the simplistic equation of asamvāsa with "expulsion." I discuss the case of a matricide monk who, having been expelled, went down the road and set up a new monastery. I use this example to throw light on local and translocal aspects of Buddhist monastic ordination, suggesting that asamvāsa may refer not to a loss of communion from the Sangha of the Four Quarters, but from a specific, local monastic community.
A Manual on Nāropa's Six Yogas by sPyan snga Nyer gnyis pa (1386–1434): Tucci Tibetan Collection 1359
Authors: Sernesi Marta 
Published: January 2012

AbstractText 1359 of the Tucci Tibetan Collection (IsIAO) is a manual on the Six Yogas of Nāropa titled dPal na ro'i chos drug gi khrid yig bde chen gsal ba'i 'od zer stong ldan, authored by the abbot of gDan sa mthil, sPyan snga bSod nams rgyal mtshan dpal bzang po (1386–1434). It is a blockprint of 168 folios decorated by 80 beautiful illustrations on the margins, which offers a picture of a unique moment in the political and religious history of Central Tibet. This paper situates the work within the author's oeuvre, and attempts a reconstruction of the context of production of the blockprint. It argues that the latter was prepared in the first half of the 15th century, as part of a wider production of texts and art objects, under the auspices of the Phag mo gru ruling family, the lHa gzigs Rlangs, to which the author belonged.
Review Article: The Buddhist Monuments of Kabul
Authors: Filigenzi Anna 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis work by G. Fussman is to be welcomed as a vademecum for all future researches in Afghanistan. Scholars and students will find here an analytical collection of data, those provided by the old scientific literature, those extracted from the Author's personal experience, and those newly available thanks to recent archaeological work in the area. An analytical reconstruction of the original appearance, building technique and dating of the monuments is attempted with the sharp insight of someone who is not only well acquainted with Buddhist architecture, but moreover endowed with a sense of “territorial” archaeology, which means attention to relevant questions such as environmental, economic, and cultural constants and changes. Thus, the comprehensive reading of the evidence spread across the whole of the territory under scrutiny, and the sharply focused examination of the single issues, always accompanied by comparisons and connections, not only add to our knowledge but also prompt us to enlarge our focus and try the way for further research.
A Digambara Jain Samskāra in the Early Seventeenth Century: Lay Funerary Ritual according to Somasenabhattāraka's Traivarnikācāra
Authors: Dundas Paul 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the description of the funeral ritual to be performed for a lay Digambara Jain which is provided by Somasenabhattāraka in his Traivarnikācāra , written in Maharashtra in 1610. This description represents the fullest textual account hitherto available of premodern Jain mortuary ceremonial for a non-renunciant. Despite Jainism's consistent rejection of brahmanical śrāddha ceremonies intended to nourish deceased ancestors, Somasenabhattāraka clearly regards the performance of these as a necessary component of post-funerary commemoration. The paper focusses on Somasenabhattāraka's references to árāddha and the ancestors and suggests how categories deriving from brahman ritual ideology were maintained in a devalorised form in the Digambara Jain context.
Western Explorations into Eastern Spiritual Worlds
Authors: Yoshimizu Chizuko 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTwo books, one by M. Kapstein, the other a joint effort headed up by E. Steinkellner, raise questions of the study of Indian philosophy, Buddhism and Confucianism. Although the two books were published eight years apart, they share a comparative perspective of and a reflection on the possibility of philosophy in Asia and Buddhism. The present review article first offers general considerations on the aims of authors with a brief survey of each article contributed to the second book. It then addresses various issues raised by Kapstein's discussions.
Modern Western Magic and Theosophy
Authors: Tillett Gregory 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDer Einfluss der Theosophischen Gesellschaft auf die Entwicklung der modernen westlichen Esoterik kann kaum überschätzt werden. Sowohl direkt als auch indirekt funktionierte die Theosophie als Katalysator und Quelle für fast alles in der westlichen Esoterik, das die Veröffentlichung der Lehren von Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–1891) und die Gründung der Theosophischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1875 folgte. Während der Einfluss der Theosophie auf die westliche Esoterik gut dokumentiert ist, wird sie weniger häufig als Vorläufer der westlichen Magie gesehen. Obwohl Blavatsky das bereitstellte, was man als die den rituellen Magie zugrundeliegenden esoterischen Philosophie betrachten könnte, lieferte Charles Webster Leadbeater (1854–1934) die mehr praktischen, und tatsächlich beliebteren und schmackhafteren, Erklärungen, wie und warum sie wirksam sein könnte. Seine Behauptung, dass rituelle Magie nicht einfach symbolisch oder psychologisch sei, sondern eine wirkliche Transformation der Teilnehmer und der äußeren Welt verursachte, hat die meisten modernen ritualmagischen Gruppen und Texte beeinflusst und ist da deutlich offenkundig. Es ist ein Theosophischer Einfluss aber nicht einer, der Blavatsky, oder die Theosophische Organisationen welche das, was oft 'Neo-Theosophie' genannt wird, ablehnen, erkennen würden.
EXCHANGE IN SILVER - A survey and evaluation of 25 issues
Authors: Verstraelen F.J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWhen the Interuniversity Institute for Missiological and Ecumenical Research (IIMO) started in 1969 it was at any rate clear that each Department would have its own Documentation Section.
For the Department of Missiology, Leiden, it was however not immediately clear what type of documentation should be collected. Leiden University had at its disposal already many outstanding libraries concerned with Third World Studies and the nearby Hendrik Kraemer Institute at Oegstgeest had a very fine collection of missiological publications.
The Department of Missiology decided therefore to concentrate on collecting periodicals issued by Third World churches and study centres concerned with religion, especially Christianity and its involvement in the political, economic, social and cultural context of peoples.
From the beginning the main articles in the now about 250 periodicals to which the Department subscribes have been catalogued according to authors and subjects.
Right from the beginning it was also envisaged to present at least a selection of the material thus gathered to those who would be interested in it. The Bulletin EXCHANGE would become the chief means in realizing this aim.
Equality, Justice and Legitimacy in Selection
Authors: Clayton Matthew 
Published: January 2012

The claim that the ideal of equality has a role to play in the critique of discrimination in employment and education has been rejected by a number of philosophers. Certain anti-egalitarians argue that the appeal to equality is redundant; others that egalitarianism misdirects us or fails to explain our special hostility towards discrimination. This article sketches an egalitarian conception of justice in selection and explains what is distinctive about such conceptions. Thereafter, it attempts to rebut the important objections that have been raised against egalitarian accounts of discrimination.
Ценностные идеалы раннего русского либерализма
Authors: Шнейдер Константин Ильич 
Published: January 2012

В представленной работе исследуется аксиология раннего русского либерализма середины XIX столетия. Автор рассматривает ранний русский либерализм в качестве единого интеллектуального феномена, окончательно сложившегося в общественной мысли России во второй половине 1850-х – первой половине 1860-х гг. Главной спецификой данной теоретической конструкции, по мнению автора, являлось соединение либеральных и консервативных ценностей, что стало результатом осмысленных попыток разработать национальную программу либерального переустройства общества. Основатели русского либерализма предлагали противоречивые версии либерализации в условиях и при помощи самодержавного, но потенциально просвещенного режима. Автор статьи обращает внимание на особенности концептуального восприятия отечественными либералами классического европейского либерального наследия и способы его адаптации на национальной почве. Акцент сделан на изучение различных коннотаций таких понятий как «свобода», «индивидуализм», «собственность», «власть» в российской либеральной среде.
(Обзор основных изданий о дореволюционных деятелях)
Authors: Шилов Денис Николаевич 
Published: January 2012

В статье представлен обзор биографических и биобиблиографических словарей и справочников, опубликованных на русском языке в первое десятилетие XXI в. и посвященных (исключительно или преимущественно) деятелям Российской империи. Автор анализирует основные тенденции и проблемы, существующие в современной российской справочно-биографической литературе. Подробно рассматриваются достоинства и недостатки ряда фундаментальных работ, остальные перечисляются с краткими общими характеристиками. Весь комплекс выявленных справочных изданий разделен в статье на предметно-тематические группы, что позволяет сопоставлять между собой труды, посвященные схожим по номенклатуре, месту действия или роду занятий группам лиц.
Dust Lofting and Ingestion by Supercell Storms
Authors: Seigel Robert B. , van den Heever Susan C. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Recent research pertaining to aerosol impacts on cloud microphysics has shown a need for understanding mineral dust entrainment into moist convection. The goal of this study is to examine the pathways in which nonmicrophysically active mineral dust is entrained into supercell storms within three commonly observed dust regimes. The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) with an interactive dust model that allows for surface emission was used to achieve this goal.
First, a supercell is simulated within an already dusty environment (EXP-BACKGROUND) to investigate ingestion purely from a background source. Second, the supercell is simulated within a clean background environment and lofts its own dust via the interactive dust model (EXP-STORM) to investigate the regime in which the only source of dust in the atmosphere is due to the storm itself. Finally, the supercell is simulated with a low-level convergence boundary introduced ahead of the supercell to investigate dust lofting by outflow boundary interactions (EXP-BOUNDARY). Results indicate that the supercell in EXP-BACKGROUND ingests large dust concentrations ahead of the rear flank downdraft (RFD) cold pool. Conversely, dust lofted by the cold pool in EXP-STORM is ingested by the supercell in relatively small amounts via a narrow corridor generated by turbulent mixing of the RFD cold pool and ambient air. The addition of a convergence boundary in EXP-BOUNDARY is found to act as an additional source of dust for the supercell. Results demonstrate the importance of an appropriate dust representation for numerical modeling.
Twenty-First-Century Multimodel Subtropical Precipitation Declines Are Mostly Midlatitude Shifts
Authors: Scheff Jack , Frierson Dargan 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Declines in subtropical precipitation are a robust response to modeled twenty-first-century global warming. Two suggested mechanisms are the “dry-get-drier” intensification of existing subtropical dry zones due to the thermodynamic increase in vapor transport and the poleward expansion of these same dry zones due to poleward shifts in the modeled general circulation. Here, subtropical drying in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report multimodel archive is compared to each of these two mechanisms. Each model’s particular, biased, and seasonally and zonally varying mean state is considered relative to the location of that model’s predicted changes, and these relationships are recorded in a common framework that can be compared across models.
The models have a strong tendency to reduce precipitation along the subtropical flanks of their existing midlatitude cyclonic precipitation belts. This broad result agrees with the poleward expansion mechanism and with a poleward storm-track shift in particular. In contrast, the models have no clear tendency to reduce precipitation in the central nor equatorward portions of their subtropical dry zones, implying that the thermodynamic mechanism is broadly unimportant for the precipitation reductions. This is unlike the response of precipitation minus evaporation, which robustly declines in large portions of these regions, especially over the oceans.
The models also tend to increase precipitation in their wet deep tropical areas, but this is not as robust as the above reduction in the subtropical midlatitudes. High-latitude precipitation increases are the most robust precipitation changes of all in this framework.
Development of a scale to measure laypersons’ beliefs about medical knowledge
Authors: Barnes Laura LB , Wheeler Denna L , Laster Bonnie B , McGaugh Miriam , Morse Amy 
Published: January 2012

Objective: Literature on participatory health care suggests that, though many patients desire basic information, a substantial number prefer a passive role. This variability is explored as a function of laypersons’ beliefs about the nature of medical knowledge, referred to as epistemological beliefs, through the evaluation of a newly-developed instrument, the discipline-based epistemological beliefs scale-lay medical knowledge (DEBS-LMK). Design: Survey. Method: Items were developed to measure Schommer’s1 hypothesized constructs of epistemological beliefs within a medical context: source, structure, and certainty of knowledge plus beliefs about acquiring knowledge – innate ability and speed of learning. Setting: Faculty, staff, and students ( n = 367) from a Midwestern university provided complete responses to 63 medical epistemological beliefs items and the 18-item multidimensional locus of control scales (MHLOC).2 Results: Factor analysis confirmed the basic theoretical structure of the instrument. Scores on the DEBS-LMK were associated in predictable ways with MHLOC scales. Beliefs about doctors as omniscient authorities were associated with perceptions that powerful others are responsible for health status; in particular, beliefs that patients should be empowered to question and challenge their doctors predicted lower powerful others scores. Beliefs that medical knowledge depends on innate ability and quick learning predicted views that health status is due to chance factors, but beliefs in the need for quick learning were negatively associated with an internal health locus of control. Conclusions: Implications for research on information seeking and on interventions to improve patient/provider communication are discussed.
Virtual reality in the rehabilitation of the arm after hemiplegic stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Crosbie JH , Lennon S , McGoldrick MC , McNeill MDJ , McDonough SM 
Published: January 2012

Objective: To assess the feasibility of a trial to investigate the effectiveness of virtual reality-mediated therapy compared to conventional physiotherapy in the motor rehabilitation of the arm following stroke, and to provide data for a power analysis to determine numbers for a future main trial. Design: Pilot randomized controlled trial. Setting: Clinical research facility. Participants: Eighteen people with a first stroke, 10 males and 8 females, 7 right and 2 left side most affected. Mean time since stroke 10.8 months. Interventions: Participants were randomized to a virtual reality group or a conventional arm therapy group for nine sessions over three weeks. Main measures: The upper limb Motricity Index and the Action Research Arm Test were completed at baseline, post intervention and six weeks follow-up. Results: Outcome data were obtained from 95% of participants at the end of treatment and at follow-up: one participant withdrew. Compliance was high; only two people reported side-effects from virtual reality exposure. Both groups demonstrated small (7–8 points on upper limb Motricity Index and 4 points on the Action Research Arm Test), but non-significant, changes to their arm impairment and activity levels. Conclusion: A randomized controlled trial of virtual reality-mediated therapy comparable to conventional therapy would be feasible, with some suggested improvements in recruitment and outcome measures. Seventy-eight participants (39 per group) would be required for a main trial.
Bilateral Simultaneous Achilles Tendon Rupture in the Absence of Risk Factors
Authors: Hashim Zaid , Dahabreh Ziad , Jemain M. T. Bin , Williams Hywel R. 
Published: January 2012

Hashim Z, Dahabreh Z, Bin Jemain MT, Williams HR. Bilateral Simultaneous Achilles Tendon Rupture in the Absence of Risk Factors. Foot Ankle Spec. 2011;4:175-178. (Original DOI: 10.1177/1938640010397657) The above article was submitted to Foot & Ankle Specialist with an incorrect version of the article. The correct, final, version of the article appears after this statement of correction.
What does adolescent undiagnosed wheeze represent? Findings from the Isle of Wight Cohort
Authors: Raza Abid , Kurukulaaratchy Ramesh J. , Grundy Jane D. , Clayton C. Bernie , Mitchell Frances A. , Roberts Graham , Ewart Susan , Sadeghnejad Alireza , Arshad S. Hasan 
Published: January 2012

We sought to characterise adolescent wheeze in the absence of asthma, which we termed “undiagnosed wheeze”.The Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (n=1,456) was reviewed at 1, 2, 4, 10 and 18 yrs. Using questionnaire responses, “asthma” was defined as “ever had asthma” plus either “wheezing in the last 12 months” or “taking asthma treatment in the last 12 months”; “undiagnosed wheeze” as “wheeze in the last 12 months” but “no” to “ever had asthma”; and remaining subjects termed “non-wheezers”.Undiagnosed wheeze (prevalence 4.9%) accounted for 22% of wheezing at 18 yrs. This was largely adolescent-onset with similar symptom frequency and severity to diagnosed asthma. However, undiagnosed wheezers had significantly higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity ratio, less bronchodilator reversibility and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and were less frequently atopic than asthmatics. Undiagnosed wheezers had earlier smoking onset, higher smoking rates and monthly paracetamol use than non-wheezers. Logistic regression identified paracetamol use (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.23; p=0.03), smoking at 18 yrs (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.19–5.41; p=0.02), rhinitis at 18 yrs (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.38–5.73; p=0.004) and asthmatic family history (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.10–4.63; p=0.03) as significant independent risk factors for undiagnosed wheeze.Undiagnosed wheeze is relatively common during adolescence, differs from diagnosed asthma and has strong associations with smoking and paracetamol use. Better recognition of undiagnosed wheeze and assessment of potential relevance to adult health is warranted.
Pioglitazone attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury by reducing neutrophil recruitment
Authors: Grommes Jochen , Mörgelin Mathias , Soehnlein Oliver 
Published: January 2012

Treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) remains an unsolved problem in intensive care medicine. Activation and recruitment of neutrophils are regarded as key mechanisms in the progression of ALI. As pioglitazone holds potent pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects, we explored its effects during ALI.C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to aerosolised lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) (500 μg·mL−1) and their alveolar, interstitial and intravascular neutrophils were assessed 4 h later. Lung permeability changes were evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran clearance and protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.In vitro, human isolated neutrophils were pretreated with piolitazone (10 μM, for 1 or 3 h) and then activated withN-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine. Neutrophil activation, adhesion, release and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phagocytosis were measured thereafter.Pioglitazone treatment before or after induction of ALI significantly diminished alveolar (reduction by 73% and 67%, respectively) and interstitial neutrophil influx (reduction by 55% and 63%, respectively) and reduced lung permeability changes (reduction by 64% and 58%, respectively) indicating a protective role of pioglitazone treatment in ALI. Moreover, pioglitazone significantly reduced degranulation and adhesion of neutrophils without affecting ROS formation and release or bacterial phagocytosis.Pioglitazone reduces recruitment and activation of neutrophils thereby preventing LPS-induced ALI. Our results imply a potential role for pioglitazone treatment in the management of ALI.
Respiratory impairment and COPD hospitalisation in older persons: a competing risk analysis
Authors: Vaz Fragoso Carlos A. , Concato John , McAvay Gail , Van Ness Peter H. , Gill Thomas M. 
Published: January 2012

The aim of the present study was to evaluate, among older persons, the association between respiratory impairment and hospitalisation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), based on spirometric Z-scores,i.e.the LMS (lambda, mu, sigma) method, and a competing risk approach.Using data on 3,563 white participants aged 65–80 yrs (from the Cardiovascular Health Study) we evaluated the association of LMS-defined respiratory impairment with the incident of COPD hospitalisation and the competing outcome of death without COPD hospitalisation, over a 5-yr period. Respiratory impairment included airflow limitation (mild, moderate or severe) and restrictive pattern.Over a 5-yr period, 276 (7.7%) participants had a COPD hospitalisation incident, whereas 296 (8.3%) died without COPD hospitalisation. The risk of COPD hospitalisation was elevated more than two-fold in LMS-defined mild and moderate airflow limitation and restrictive pattern (adjusted HR (95% CI): 2.25 (1.25–4.05), 2.54 (1.53– 4.22) and 2.65 (1.82–3.86), respectively), and more than eight-fold in LMS-defined severe airflow limitation (adjusted HR (95% CI) 8.33 (6.24–11.12)). Conversely, only LMS-defined restrictive-pattern was associated with the competing outcome of death without COPD hospitalisation (adjusted HR (95% CI) 1.68 (1.22–2.32)).In older white persons, LMS-defined respiratory impairment is strongly associated with an increased risk of COPD hospitalisation. These results support the LMS method as a basis for defining respiratory impairment in older persons.