bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Matrix Acidizing with Nitrogen and Heat in-Situ Generation
Authors: Khalil Carlos Nagib , Franco Zadson de Almeida 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT
In matrix acidizing operations in sandstone formations, special care must be taken to prevent the formation of undesirable precipitates generated by secondary reactions and by the cooling of the sorrounding the wellbore. The fast and thorough recovery of the spent acid fluid is therefore always desirable. Based on studies conducted at the Petrobrás R&D Center, a chemical process that uses a mixture of saturated solutions of nitrogenated salts to simultaneously generate nitrogen and heat was applied.
NH 4 Cl + NaNO 2 → H + N 2 + NaCl + 2H 2 O + HEAT
The intercalated cushions of acid fluid and a mixture of the above solutions results in the in-situ generation of some 60 1 of nitrogen and around 225 kcal of heat per liter of mixture. The increase in formation temperature associated with the generation of gas increases the radial penetration of the acid fluid, at the same time prevents the formation of insoluble compounds and water blockage and in general facilitates the recovery of spent fluid.
This combined method has been successfully used in producing wells located in Northeastern Brazilian oil fields, where significant increases in oil production were recorded, and where in some cases production remained at high levels over a long period of time.
Pressure Drawdown and Buildup Interpretation of a Horizontal Well with Simultaneously Measured Pressure and Sandface Flow Rate
Authors: Maldonado German , Bravo Zulay Coromoto , Prado Luis Roberto , Marmol Alexis 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT
Horizontal drilling has been used successfully to increase productivity of wells in several regions of the world. In Venezuela the first horizontal well was drilled by Lagoven, S.A. subsidiary of Petroleums of Venezuela (P.D.V.S.A.) in 1989 in the lake Maracaibo area.
This paper presents this well test design and interpretation. The test consisted of a drawdown followed by a buildup with simultaneous measurements of pressure and sandface flow rates. The acquired downhole flow rates eliminate the need for the assumption of constant wellbore storage and allow a more rigorous analysis.
The formation transient response was analyzed to identify the reservoir flow patterns and its parameters. The techniques used included pressure derivative, convolution, convolution type curves and convolution derivative.
The difficulties encountered while performing the test and actions taken to solve them are also discussed. The existing geological and core-analysis data provided the additional information required to decide which reservoir model to use, and allowed a more conclusive interpretation of the test results.
Dark respiration of leaves and traps of terrestrial carnivorous plants: are there greater energetic costs in traps?
Authors: Adamec Lubomír 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study, O2-based dark respiration rate (RD) in leaf and trap cuttings was compared in 9 terrestrial carnivorous plant species of 5 genera to decide whether traps represent a greater energetic (maintanence) cost than leaves or photosynthetic parts of traps. RD values of cut strips of traps or leaves of terrestrial carnivorous plants submerged in water ranged between 2.2 and 8.4 nmol g−1 s−1 (per unit dry weight) in pitcher traps of the genera Sarracenia, Nepenthes, and Cephalotus, while between 7.2 and 25 nmol g−1 DW s−1 in fly-paper or snapping traps or leaves of Dionaea and Drosera. No clear relationship between RD values of traps (or pitcher walls) and leaves (or pitcher wings or petioles) was found. However, RD values of separated Drosera prolifera tentacles exceeded those of leaf lamina 7.3 times.
Seminoma presented with acute abdomen due to ileum perforation
Authors: Filiz Ali , Sücüllü İlker , Kurt Yavuz , Okul Oğuz , Küçükodaci Zafer , Karagöz Bülent 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Germ cell tumors presenting with an acute abdomen are not common. We present a case of seminoma with ileum perforation, which presented in a 48-year-old man. who had been admitted to hospital with a right lower abdominal palpable mass measuring approximately 16 cm. Before an exploratory laparotomy was performed, acute abdomen with signs of hollow viscus perforation had occurred. An ileum perforation was detected and a right hemicolectomy and ileal resection were performed. The pathological examination showed a classic seminoma of undescended testis. In conclusion, this case is interesting with respect to its clinical picture of acute abdomen due to ileal perforation. The possibility of a germ cell tumor should always be kept in mind in male patients with acute abdomen.
LES and URANS modelling of turbulent liquid-liquid flow in a static mixer: Turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate
Authors: Jaworski Zdzislaw , Murasiewicz Halina 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe present study deals with numerical simulations of turbulent flow of a liquid-liquid system in a Kenics static mixer with ten inserts. CFD approach was used in two modes: large eddy simulation (LES) and unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS). Large eddy simulation in the static mixer was carried out using the dynamic kinetic energy subgrid-scale model with standard wall functions whereas in URANS approach the standard k-ɛ turbulent model and standard wall functions were applied. Two-phase flow was modelled employing the “mixture model” of the Eulerian type. The simulations were performed mainly for the Reynolds number of 10000 with the volumetric ratio of 99 % of water to 1 % of oil. The investigations revealed that due to distinct distributions of the turbulence measures, the drop breakup process occurs with varying intensity in different locations within the mixer inserts. Significantly higher local values of the dissipation rate, ɛ, were predicted in URANS than in LES. However, both modelling methods indicated high values of ɛ at the beginning and the end of the mixer inserts, which implies the maximum shearing action exerted on the drops. Consequently, the inflow and outflow zone of each insert are the regions of the highest breakup intensity.
The Influence of Exchange Transfusion Upon Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Newborn Infants with Erythroblastosis
Authors: Nielsen Niels Chr. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A comparative study of the factors concerned with coagulation and fibrinolysis in newborn infants with erythroblastosis—(a) at the time of birth, (b) before, and (c) after exchange transfusion—showed the following significant changes:A. During the period from birth until the start of the exchange transfusion (an average of approximately 5 hours): A decrease in PP and factor V simultaneously with a markedly decreasing fibrinolytic activity.B. During the period from before until after the exchange transfusion: A marked fall in the platelet count, an increase in the PP, but a prolonged Quick time. In addition, a slight fall in the fibrinogen content simultaneously with a slight, but not significant, increase in fibrinolytic activity. Moreover, a pronounced increase in plasminogen content.The cause of these changes is discussed, with particular reference to the levels of factors, in the donor blood, concerned with coagulation and fibrinolysis.
The Amount and form of Radioactivity in Human Milk After Lung Scanning, Renography and Placental Localization 131I Labelled Tracers
Authors: Karjalainen P. , Penttilä I. M. , Pystynen P. 
Published: December 2009

The secretion of radioisotope into mothers' milk was studied after the administration of carriers labelled with 131I. The radiopharmaceuticals used were 300 μCi macroaggregated human scrum albumin, in short MAA (for lung scanning), 25 μCi ortho‐iodohippuric acid, in short OIH (for renography) and 10 μCi human serum albumin, in short HSA (for placental localization). In the MAA series (7 patients) the maximum radioactivity secreted into milk in the 24 hours following injection was 0.7%, and the mean activity 0.14% of the injected dose. The corresponding figures of the OIH series (25 patients) were 2.4 and 0.32%. In both cases activity was at its maximum during the first 24 hours after injection. In the HSA series (8 patients) the maximum radioactivity secreted into the milk during 24 hours after injection was 0.22% of the injected dose. After the administration of OIH and apparently also of MAA, the radioactivity secreted in 24 hours increases if the excreted volume of milk increases.The radio‐iodine secreted in the milk was not bound to the radiopharmaceutical originally administered, but was mainly in the form of free isotope.The breast feeding of babies whose mothers had undergone lung scanning, renography or placental localization was discussed. It was proposed that milk should be discarded for a minimum of 7 days following lung scanning and a minimum of 2 days following renography, provided the examinations were carried out by means of the radiopharmaceuticals and doses used by the present authors.
The Effect of Paracervical Block on Cervical Dilatation and Uterine Activity
Authors: Jenssen Helge 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. This investigation was carried out to determine whether paracervical block (PCB) has any effect on the duration of the first stage of labour, relating the speed of cervical dilatation to uterine activity. Uterine activity was measured by internal tocometry and calculated in Montevideo units (MU).Fourty patients were selected and allocated in random manner to a PCB or a control group, the patients in the latter receiving other kinds of analgesia. Oxytocin was given when required, to assure a steady and fairly high degree of uterine activity. Four patients were excluded.The mean duration of the first stage of labour, from cervical dilatation 2 to 10 cm, was 161 minutes in the PCB group, 237 minutes in the control group.Uterine activity, calculated as total MU needed for each cm of cervical dilatation, was reduced after PCB, the differences being statistically significant for increments from 3 to 8 cm cervical dilatation inclusive.PCB caused a transient reduction in frequency of contractions, and a relative fall in amniotic pressure between contractions.It is concluded that PCB facilitates cervical dilatation by inhibiting muscular contraction in the lower uterine segment.
Fetal and Maternal pH Measurements
Authors: Rooth G. , McBride R. , Ivy B. J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Maternal and fetal acid‐base changes in a series of 56 normal cases from Edmonton, Canada, are compared with a similar series from Lund, Sweden, published by Jacobson. During labour, pH in the mother and in the fetus falls in Lund, but not in Edmonton. The mothers labour hard in Lund and are more sedated in Edmonton. The pH difference (δpH) between the maternal and fetal blood is about 0.10 in both series.In another series of 61 cases classified as abnormal because of changes in fetal heart rate or meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, the mean δpH was 0.15. δpH was correlated to the fetal scalp pO2 and oxygen saturation and there was a significant drop in fetal oxygenation when ≤pH increased.It is suggested that fetal preacidosis be redefined as δpH 0.15–0.19 and acidosis δpH≤0.20 pH units.
DIETARY IRON ABSORPTION IN PREGNANCY‐A LONGITUDINAL STUDY WITH REPEATED MEASUREMENTS OF NON‐HAEME IRON ABSORPTION FROM WHOLE DIET
Authors: Svanberg Bernhard , Arvidsson Bertil , Björn‐Rasmussen Erik , Hallberg Leif , Rossander Lena , Swolin Birgitta 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.In 22 healthy women the non‐haeme iron absorption (bone‐marrow smears and haematological parameters) was studied at the 12th, the 24th and the 36th week of gestation and two months after delivery.In eight non‐pregnant women and in seven pregnant women (at the 36th week of gestation) the absorption of food iron was measured from different types of meals. The iron absorption was measured from radioironlabelled test meals using a whole‐body counter with a very high sensitivity.During pregnancy the non‐haeme iron absorption increased continuously from Less than 1 % in early pregnancy to almost 15 % in late pregnancy. Calculations indicated that the amount of iron absorbed from the diet covered only about half of the demands.The increasing absorption of food iron during pregnancy seems to be related to the still more increasing demands. However, the very low absorption values in early pregnancy was quite unexpected. The amount of iron absorbed was actually below the basal demands, which means that even in early pregnancy, for reasons unknown, there is a negative iron balance. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the significance of this finding.Two months after delivery the absorption of iron from the diet was increased compared to in non‐pregnant women and exceeded the demands at that phase thus indieating that a positive iron balance was achieved.
Transcutaneous Monitoring of PO2 in Different Skin Areas in the Neonate and in the Scalp of the Fetus During Labor‐Methodological and Physiological Observations
Authors: Jacobson Lennart , Löfgren Olof 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The reliability and physiological significance of continuous non‐invasive PO2 recording by means of skin electrodes was studied by comparing simultaneous tracings from different skin areas in a series of 40 newboms with normal labor and birth.A new measuring equipment‐the Radiometer prototype unit TPM 1‐was used.In addition, the applicability of the method to the fetus was tested in a primary series of 11 labor cases.Certain technical and physiological factors that can influence the tracings were identified.
Complications of cerclage
Authors: Aarnoudse J. G. , Huisjes H. J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The published results of cervical cerclage are almost invariably good and there is little mention of complications. Forty per cent of 52 pregnancies, with 38 early “prophylactic” and 14 late “therapeutic” operations, ended after 260 days' gestation. In 73 per cent a viable infant was born.The most frequent complication was premature rupture of the membranes (12 cases), followed by slipping suture (7) and premature delivery (6). Intra‐uterine infection was fairly common. The implications and possible causes of this high rate of complications are discussed.
FERTILITY FOLLOWING LEGALLY INDUCED ABORTION
Authors: Obel Erik B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate if decreased fertility could be shown in women whose previous pregnancy had been terminated by a legally induced abortion.In 7 270 pregnant women fertility was measured as the time elapsed from the couple started sexual intercourse without using contraception to the present pregnancy. This interval was called “the latent period” and fertility was defined as reduced if it was longer than one year.In women whose previous pregnancy had been terminated by legally induced abortion subsequent decreased fertility could not be shown when compared with women whose previous pregnancy had ended in a live birth, the frequency of a latent period longer than one year not differing between these groups.When induced abortion had been complicated by pelvic inflammatory disease the frequency of a latent period more than one year was found to be higher than in women without this complication.
QUINACRINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Patek Eva 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Quinacrine hydrochloride, mainly used as an antimalarial, has been used as a nontoxic chemosterilant in a transvaginal procedure in the human female. Clinical experiments indicate that Quinacrine acts as a powerful obstructive agent exclusively on the epithelium of the intramural portion of the tube without alterating the histology of the endometrium.The precise mechanism of Quinacrine's obstructive action on the mucosa of the uterotubal junction is unknown.Its possible mode of action is binding to epithelial DNA thus forming a clot of granulomatous tissue, as Quinacrine is known to form adhesions when used in the control of neoplastic effusions.Zinc is known to inhibit Quinacrine‐DNA binding. The human endometrium, rich in Zinc is unaffected by Quinacrine, whereas the tubal cornua, with little Zinc promote the obstruction by Quinacrine DNA bondage.The procedure is effective in 90 per cent of the cases with two instillations of Quinacrine. Further studies are essential to find agents that would potentiate the action of Quinacrine on the human Fallopian tube epithelium.
SUPPRESSION OF UTERINE ACTIVITY BY PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHETASE INHIBITORS
Authors: Pulkkinen Martti O. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. During hypertonic saline induction, the evolution of intrauterine pressure, the oxytocin response and abortion were delayed in naproxen‐treated patients. The PG synthesis inhibitors naproxen, mefenamic acid and ibuprofen decreased the high uterine resting pressure (‘tone’), the frequency of contractions but not always the active pressure (‘amplitude’) in dysmenorrheic patients, with a coincident decrease in pain.The naproxen‐sodium treatment decreased prostaglandins F and E in menstrual blood and uterine jet washings by 60–80 per cent.
DYSMENORRHEA DURING ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Widholm Olof 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Different aspects of the menstrual pattern including dysmenorrhea, premenstrual tension and working performance during menstruation was studied in three different investigations.The first study includes 5458 adolescent girls aged 10 to 20. The incidence of invariably painful menstruation was 7.2 per cent during the first gynecological year and 26 per cent five years later. A correlation was found between mothers and daughters for dysmenorrhea as well as for premenstrual tension.In a second study including 331 girls aged 13 to 20 years the overall absence from school due to pain was 23.4 per cent. The frequency of dysmenorrhea increased from 36 per cent to 56.5 per cent between 13‐14 years and 17‐20 years.Socio‐medical aspects of menstrual pattern were studied in 865 adult women. Approximately 88 per cent had premenstrual tension and almost 45 per cent had menstrual pain. Thus the treatment of menstrual distress during adolescence is of great importance and the use of modern prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors may be very useful.
Granulosa‐cell and theca‐cell tumors: The clinical picture and long‐term outcome for the radiumhemmet series
Authors: Björkholm Elisabet , Pettersson Folke 
Published: December 2009

Over the period 1923‐72 a total of 305 patients with granulosa‐cell, theca‐cell tumor and mixed tumor were seen at Radiumhemmet.The commonest symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding. Twenty‐three per cent of married women were nulliparous. The menarche seems to have occurred earlier in this group than in the general population.Eight of the granulosa‐cell tumor group gave birth to 12 children after treatment for the tumor.Nineteen women with granulosa‐cell tumor and 4 with thecoma had received radiotherapy earlier in life for benign lesions.The risk of endometrial cancer was approximately 10 times greater for the women with granulosa‐ or theca‐cell tumor than for the general population.Two hundred and fifty‐two patients were given both surgical treatment and radiotherapy. Fifty‐three received only surgery (37 granulosa‐cell and 16 theca‐cell tumors).None of the thecoma patients but 21 per cent of those with granulosa‐cell tumor died from their disease. The 5‐year survival for the latter group, all stages, was 85 per cent.
Ultrasonic Measurement of Fetal Body Size: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wladimiroff J. W. , Laar J. 
Published: December 2009

A total of 745 Caucacian women were allocated at random between two groups, A and B, at the first antenatal visit. At the completion of the study, 341 patients in group A underwent a single ultrasonic measurement of fetal chest area between 32 and 36 weeks of gestation. The medical staff was not informed of these results. Three hundred and sixty‐four patients in group B acted as controls.The percentage of clinically detected small‐for‐dates (S.F.D.'s) was low in both groups, A (36 per cent) and B (42 per cent). The ultrasonic detection rate of the clinically missed S.F.D.'s (group A) was 77 per cent.The clinical detection rate of large‐for‐dates (L.F.D.'s) was only 12 per cent in group A and 13 per cent in group B. The ultrasonic detection rate of the clinically unrecognized L.F.D.'s (group A) was 60 per cent.
Metabolic Effects of Intravenous Ritodrine Infusion in Pregnancy
Authors: Schreyer P. , Caspi E. , Arieli S. , Maor J. , Modai D. 
Published: December 2009

The effects of intravenous administration of Ritodrine on blood glucose, insulin, electrolytes, plasma and red cell potassium and venous pH were investigated.A highly significant increase in blood glucose and insulin occurred. A highly significant negative correlation between serum and red cell potassium concentration was registered (r=−0.96268).No significant changes during Ritodrine infusion were recorded in serum levels of sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium.The pH did not seem to be influenced by intravenous Ritodrine administration.No cardiac arrhythmias or electrocardiographic deteriorations occurred.While intravenous Ritodrine administration seems to be safe in normal pregnancies, a risk may be present in diabetic and digitalized patients, and pregnant women being treated by diuretics.
Urinary Fibrinolysis in Toxemia of Pregnancy
Authors: Chen H. Fu , Nakabayashi M. , Satoh K. , Sakamoto S. 
Published: December 2009

Serial determinations of urinary plasmin level by radiocaseinolytic assay were performed in 40 healthy women and 29 patients with various types of toxemia throughout pregnancy, labor and the puerperium.The results indicate that1. The urinary plasmin level in normal pregnancy increased significantly from the third trimester to the early puerperium.2. In mild pre‐eclampsia, a significant rise in urinary plasmin level from 26 weeks of gestation to the 4th day postpartum.3. In severe pre‐eclampsia, a progressive decrease in late pregnancy was found. After delivery, in the early puerperium, the urinary plasmin level of the patients with a rapid clinical was significantly higher than that of the patients with the sequelae of toxemia.Our study showed that serial assays of urinary plasmin activity can provide a reliable and sensitive index of severity, progression and natural history of toxemia of pregnancy.
Fibrinolytic activity of uterine fluid in iud‐users
Authors: Casslén B. , Åstedt B. 
Published: December 2009

The influence of an IUD on the fibrinolytic activity of uterine fluid was measured by radial enzyme diffusion on fibrin plates.In samples obtained from 48 women using Cu‐IUDs, the fibrinolytic activity in mid‐cycle phase was higher than that in the proliferative or the luteal phase. It increased in the premenstrual phase. Individual values before and after insertion of a Cu‐T were determined in the proliferative‐mid‐cycle phase and the luteal phase in a group of 11 women. In contrast to earlier reports on the endometrium, the fibrinolytic activity of uterine fluid was lower after, than before, insertion of an IUD. This may be due to a lower concentration of activators and/or to an increased concentration of inhibitors of plasminogen activation.