bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in growth of large β‐BaB2O4 single crystals
Authors: Perlov D. , Livneh S. , Czechowicz P. , Goldgirsh A. , Loiacono D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGrowth of large β‐barium borate (BBO) crystals of high optical quality has been challenging, even 25 years past its discovery. The best results in terms of size and quality have been demonstrated by means of TSSG (Top Seeded Solution Growth). Nevertheless, the maximum available size of nonlinear optical elements lags behind laser industry requirements. Due to increased size and availability, BBO finally started attracting attention for its favorable Q‐switch properties. Yet, two or sometimes three crystals aligned together are still necessary to achieve the lengths often required for these applications. Material quality, in terms of optical perfection and optical absorption, is still questionable in many instances. Limited boule size still dictates relatively high material cost as well. Thorough analysis of the growth behavior of BBO helped us to develop production processes for large boules utilizing TSSG with pulling. High quality nonlinear optical crystal devices and Q‐switches up to 40 mm in the z‐direction have been enabled. We believe that the above size and quality are currently industry leading. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
RuII‐Mediated Hydrogen Transfer from Aqueous Glycerol to CO2: From Waste to Value‐Added Products
Authors: Dibenedetto Angela , Stufano Paolo , Nocito Francesco , Aresta Michele 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAqueous glycerol was used as the hydrogen source for the reduction of CO2 to the hydrogen carrier formic acid in the presence of the catalyst [RuCl2(PPh3)3]. All intermediates were identified and characterized. Glycerol was converted into glycolic acid, HOCH2COOH, that was identified by using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Observations of cell size dynamics under osmotic stress
Authors: Kiehl Thomas R. , Shen Duan , Khattak Sarwat F. , Jian Li Zheng , Sharfstein Susan T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCultured mammalian cells [e.g., murine hybridomas, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells] used to produce therapeutic and diagnostic proteins often exhibit increased specific productivity under osmotic stress. This increase in specific productivity is accompanied by a number of physiological changes, including cell size variation. Investigating the cell size variation of hyperosmotically stressed cultures may reveal, in part, the basis for increased specific productivity as well as an understanding of some of the cellular defense responses that occur under hyperosmotic conditions. The regulation of cell volume is a critical function maintained in animal cells. Although these cells are highly permeable to water, they are significantly less permeable to ionic solutes. Appropriate cell–water content is actively maintained in these cells by regulation of ion and osmolyte balances. Transport appropriate to extracellular conditions, leading to accrual or release of these species, is activated in response to acute cell volume changes. Osmotically induced regulatory volume increases (RVI) and regulatory volume decreases (RVD) are known to occur under a variety of conditions. We observed the time evolution of size variation in populations of two CHO cell lines under hyperosmotic conditions. Observations were made using multiple instruments, multiple cell lines, and multiple cell culture conditions. Size variation of CHO A1 was gauged by flow cytometry using an LSRII® flow cytometer while CHO B0 cells were quantified using a Cedex® cell analyzer. Hyperosmotic stress had a dose‐dependent effect on the regulatory control of cell volume. Stressed cultures of CHO cells grown in suspension exhibited a shift in mean cell diameter. This shift in mean was not due to a change in the whole population, but rather to the emergence of distinct subpopulations of cells with larger cell diameters than those in the bulk of the population. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
GCT of proximal phalanx of ring finger: A case report
Authors: Khare Pratima , Kishore Bimal , Gupta Rashmi Jain , Vanita  , Dhal Anil 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGiant‐cell tumor (GCT) of bone arising from phalanx of a finger is extremely rare. Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute in their study on 900 treated cases of GCT from 1947–1997 reported only 0.9% incidence of GCT in bones of the hand. There was no case of GCT of the phalanges in that series. We report here a case of GCT of bone arising from phalanx of finger because of its very unusual location. The tumor was diagnosed on the basis of fine‐needle aspiration cytology and confirmed by histopathology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PCR study of a series of ASCUS cases HPV‐positive by HCII
Authors: Alameda Francesc , Bellosillo Beatriz , Lloveras Belén , Pairet Silvia , Musset Mercè , Pijuan Lara , Mariñoso Lluisa , Mancebo Gemma , Larrazabal Fernando , Carreras Ramón , Serrano Sergi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMost guidelines currently recommend the testing of human papillomavirus (HPV) in ASCUS cases. The most used method for this purpose is Hybrid Capture II (HCII), but PCR techniques with GP5+/6+ primers can be also applied. Furthermore, the HCII high‐risk probe test for detection of HPV shows cross‐reactivity with low‐risk HPV. Although this cross‐reactivity has been studied in screening populations, it has received little attention in ASCUS cases.To compare the performance of the HCII high‐risk probe test and PCR for the detection of HPV in ASCUS cases.We randomly selected 83 ASCUS cases that were positive for high‐risk HPV by HCII and applied the PCR test using MYO9‐11 and GP5+/6+ primers to samples from these cases.Our results show cross‐reactivity with low‐risk HPV in 25.3% (21/83) of the HCII+ PCR+ cases. Regarding the follow‐up our results emphasize the importance of HPV typing, especially for HPV 16 infection.We propose the use of PCR techniques using GP5+/6+ consensus primers for the screening of HPV in ASCUS. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prolapsed fallopian tube: Cytological findings in a ThinPrep liquid based cytology vaginal vault sample
Authors: Nasir Nyla , Desai Mina , Marshall Janet , Gupta Nalini 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFallopian tube prolapse through the vaginal vault after hysterectomy is a rare complication. The clinical diagnosis is difficult and the patient may undergo unnecessary treatment. A cytological diagnosis of tubal prolapse is rare. There are very few descriptions of the cytological appearances of prolapsed fallopian tube and to our knowledge, they have not been described in liquid based cytology preparations. The presence of classic columnar cells with cilia and sheets of cells with small granular uniform nuclei in an orderly arrangement are the diagnostic appearances of cells originating from the fallopian tube. We describe a case in which the cells had undergone squamous metaplasia with nuclear enlargement and increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios corresponding to reactive atypia but with fine and evenly distributed chromatin and smooth nuclear contours, which indicated their benign nature. In addition, in this case intracytoplasmic polymorphs and associated extracellular infiltrates of inflammatory cells are noted. The description of this case may help others to consider a cytological diagnosis of prolapsed fallopian tube, thus preventing repeated cauterisations of vault granulation tissue on one hand, and possibly excessive surgical treatment of a mistaken malignant lesion on the other. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Slug regulates E‐cadherin expression in metastatic adenocarcinoma cells isolated from pleural fluid
Authors: Li Xiang‐Nan , Fang Chang‐Qing , Wang Ye‐Lin , Wang Xiu‐Ru , Wang En‐Hua , Li Jian‐Hua 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSlug protein is a key regulator of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, but its expression in cancer is less well studied. To evaluate the expression of slug, E‐cadherin and vimentin in adenocarcinoma cells from malignant pleural effusions, we analyzed 121 malignant pleural fluid specimens. Twenty‐eight nonmalignant pleural fluid specimens were analyzed as control. Besides clinical cytological diagnosis tests, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and Western blotting methods were used. Results showed strong membrane staining of E‐cadherin in adenocarcinoma cells from pleural fluid. Slug mainly showed nucleus staining. Cytoplasma positive of vimentin was found in adenocarcinoma cells isolated from pleural fluid. Slug, E‐cadherin and vimentin expression was found in 43/121 (36%), 87/121 (72%) and 102/121 (84%) cases, respectively. Our data showed elevated levels of slug were accompanied by down regulation of E‐cadherin and the expression of vimentin in adenocarcinoma cells. In addition, there was no relationship between slug expression and patient's age or gender or tumor site. Hyperplasia epithelium cells from nonmalignant pleural fluid were uniformly negative for E‐cadherin and slug. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the inverse expression of slug and E‐cadherin in the majority of malignant pleural fluid cases compared with nonmalignant pleural fluid. The slug protein may be helpful to access the prognosis of patients with pleural fluid. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential associations between ovarian hormones and disordered eating symptoms across the menstrual cycle in women
Authors: Racine Sarah E. , Culbert Kristen M. , Keel Pamela K. , Sisk Cheryl L. , Alexandra Burt S. , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:We examined changes in drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and dietary restraint across the menstrual cycle and associations between these symptoms and ovarian hormones in two independent samples of women (N = 10 and 8 women, respectively) drawn from the community.Method:Daily self‐report measures of disordered eating and negative affect were completed for 35‐65 days. Daily saliva samples were assayed for estradiol and progesterone in Study 2 only.Results:Levels of body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness were highest during the mid‐luteal/pre‐menstrual phases in both studies and were negatively associated with estradiol, and positively associated with progesterone. By contrast, dietary restraint showed less variation across the menstrual cycle and weaker associations with ovarian hormones.Discussion:Differential associations between ovarian hormones and specific disordered eating symptoms point to distinct etiological processes within the broader construct of disordered eating. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Fast synthesis of 1,3‐DAG by Lecitase® Ultra‐catalyzed esterification in solvent‐free system
Authors: Liu Ning , Wang Yong , Zhao Qiangzhong , Zhang Qingli , Zhao Mouming 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLecitase® Ultra, a phospholipase, was explored as an effective biocatalyst for direct esterification of glycerol with oleic acid to produce 1,3‐DAG. Experiments were carried out in batch mode, and optimal reaction conditions were evaluated. In comparison with several organic solvent mediums, the solvent‐free system was found to be more beneficial for this esterification reaction, which was further studied to investigate the reaction conditions including oleic acid/glycerol mole ratio, temperature, initial water content, enzyme load, and operating time. The results showed that Lecitase® Ultra catalyzed a fast synthesis of 1,3‐DAG by direct esterification in a solvent‐free medium. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a short reaction time 1.5 h was found to achieve the fatty acid esterification efficiency of 80.3 ± 1.2% and 1,3‐DAG content of 54.8 ± 1.6 wt% (lipid layer of reaction mixture mass). The reusability of Lecitase® Ultra was evaluated via recycling the excess glycerol layer in the reaction system. DAG in the upper lipid layer of reaction mixture was purified by molecular distillation and the 1,3‐DAG‐enriched oil with a purity of about 75 wt% was obtained.Practical applications: The new Lecitase® Ultra catalyzed process for production of 1,3‐DAG from glycerol and oleic acid described in this study provides several advantages over conventional methods including short reaction time, the absence of a solvents and a high product yield.
A comparison of the indirect and direct quantification of glycidol ester by kinetic analysis
Authors: Shimizu Masao , Kudo Naoto , Shiro Hiroki , Yasunaga Koichi , Masukawa Yoshinori , Katsuragi Yoshihisa , Yasumasu Takeshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn a comparison of the German society's official indirect method and the direct LC‐MS method to determine the levels of glycidol fatty acid esters (GEs) in edible oils, the indirect method showed lower GE levels in cases of a high level of GEs and/or containing partial acylglycerols (PGs). The present study used kinetic analysis to compare the scope of both methods. A kinetic model combination of reversible decomposition of GEs and 3‐monochloro‐1,2‐propanediol forming substances (MCPD‐FS) generated from PGs accurately predicted a persistent level of underestimation of commercial vegetable oils when the indirect method was used. The results of the kinetic prediction showed that the underestimation in the indirect method was proportional to the PG and GE levels in oils. Although most conventional cooking oils are low in GEs and PGs, significant error may occur in oils such as palm oil, which are reported to have a higher content of GEs and DAGs. The direct method was affected by neither the GEs nor the PGs, and proved to be a truer and more accurate determinant of GE levels in a wide range of edible oil products.
Antioxidant activity of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oil in rapeseed oil irradiated with UV rays
Authors: Hashemi Mohammad Bagher , Niakousari Mehrdad , Saharkhiz Mohammad Jamal 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this study, application of two concentrations (0.03 and 0.06%) of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oil (EO) were examined on oxidative stability of rapeseed oil (RO) during autoxidation and after irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) rays (exposition 30 min) at 60°C. The main compounds of EO extracted by the recently designed ohmic ultrasonic extractor (distillation unit) were identified as thymol (∼30%), carvacrol (∼15%) and caryophyllene oxide (∼12%). Antioxidant activity of EO was compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) during autoxidation. The UV rays induced oxidation process in RO samples both with and without additives. This effect was more vigorous when irradiation was carried out prior to addition of the additives. It was further established that antioxidant activity of EO was better than BHT in samples treated by UV rays. Moreover, EO was able to reduce the stable free radical 2, 2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 32.5 ± 0.6 µg/mL. The findings show the good potential of EO when it is used as a natural antioxidant in food lipids.
Comparison of CC Triple and Double Bonds as Spacers in Push–Pull Chromophores
Authors: Frank Brian B. , Laporta Philip R. , Breiten Benjamin , Kuzyk Mark C. , Jarowski Peter D. , Schweizer W. Bernd , Seiler Paul , Biaggio Ivan , Boudon Corinne , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Diederich François 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe report the synthesis and properties of two series of homologous donor–acceptor (D–A) chromophores in which N,N‐dimethylanilino (DMA) or N,N‐dihexylanilino (DHA) donors and dicyanovinyl acceptors are separated by up to four C≡C triple‐bond spacers or up to three C=C double‐bond spacers. The intramolecular charge‐transfer (CT) interactions of the new D–A oligoynes and the known all‐trans D–A oligoenes were investigated by X‐ray crystallography, electrochemistry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. In both series, the optical and electrochemical HOMO–LUMO gaps decrease with increasing spacer length. The HOMO–LUMO gaps for the D–A oligoynes and oligoenes with a given spacer length are nearly identical. The effect of the spacer length was found to level‐off for spacers with more than six carbon atoms. The third‐order optical nonlinearity of both series of molecules was determined by measuring the rotational averages of the third‐order polarizabilities γrot by degenerate four‐wave mixing.
Cleistanone: A Triterpenoid from Cleistanthus indochinensis with a New Carbon Skeleton
Authors: Thanh Van Trinh Thi , Pham Van Cuong , Nguyen Hung Huy , Mai Huong Doan Thi , Minh Hang Nguyen Thi , Nguyen Van Hung , Litaudon Marc , Guéritte Françoise , Chau Van Minh 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCleistanone (1) was isolated from the leaves of Cleistanthus indochinensis and features a new type of triterpenoid carbon skeleton. Its structure was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. A plausible biosynthetic pathway was proposed for 1 and is thought to proceed through a Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement. Cleistanone (1) was found to show cytotoxic activity against human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cells.
Enhanced Efficiency of Thiourea Catalysts by External Brønsted Acids in the Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles
Authors: Marqués‐López Eugenia , Alcaine Ana , Tejero Tomás , Herrera Raquel P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel study on the influence of external Brønsted acids on thiourea catalysts in the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes is reported. The final 3‐substituted indole derivatives were synthesized with better results because of cooperative effects between the chiral thiourea and a Brønsted acid additive (1a·HA). The effects of diverse catalysts, different acid additives, solvents, and temperatures in the reaction were also explored. The high reactivity and selectivity of the reaction is presumptively attributed to an appropriate assembly between the Brønsted acid and the thiourea structure, affording a more acidic and rigid catalytic complex.
Reactivity of the Pt/WO3/GC Electrode Towards Ethylene Glycol Oxidation in 0.1 M H2SO4
Authors: Ouf A. M.A. , Ibrahim A. A. , El‐Shafei A. A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWO3 has been prepared via thermal decomposition of ammonium paratungstate. The obtained oxide has been characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The particle size was found to increase with increasing calcination temperature. The modified Pt/WO3/GC electrode has been prepared and characterized using various analytical and electrochemical techniques. The electrochemical oxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) on the modified electrode was investigated and compared with that of a Pt/GC electrode in acidic solution. The presence of WO3 enhanced the electrode activity towards EG oxidation. The enhancement factor was found to depend on the ratio of WO3:Pt as well as on the calcination temperature during WO3 preparation
Pulmonary artery chemoembolization in a sheep model: Evaluation of performance and safety of irinotecan eluting beads (DEB‐IRI)
Authors: Baylatry Minh‐Tâm , Pelage Jean‐Pierre , Wassef Michel , Ghegediban Homayra , Joly Anne‐Christine , Lewis Andrew , Lacombe Pascal , Fernandez Christine , Laurent Alex 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare plasma pharmacokinetics, lung tissue concentration, and the potential toxicity of drug eluting beads loaded with irinotecan (DEB‐IRI) in a sheep pulmonary artery chemoembolization (PACE) model. Sheep (n = 24) were embolized with DEB‐IRI loaded with different doses (0, 20, 50, or 100 mg). Direct pulmonary artery (PA) injections of irinotecan were also performed at two doses (50 or 100 mg; n = 4 sheep). Irinotecan was quantified in plasma and lung tissue (liquid chromatography‐fluorescence detection); pathological examination of lungs was performed 4 days or 4 weeks after PACE. Irinotecan was detected in the systemic circulation within a few minutes after PACE, for several hours in DEB‐IRI 20 and DEB‐IRI 50 groups, and for 24 hours for DEB‐IRI 100. Both Cmax and AUC values increased significantly with dose (p = 0.0078 and p = 0.0008, respectively) after PACE. Cmax and AUC values were significantly reduced (by 80%, p = 0.0036, and by 50%, p = 0.0393, respectively) after PACE than after direct PA injection. Irinotecan was not detected in tissue 4 days after PACE. No sign of lung toxicity was observed, except a limited hemorrhagic angionecrosis seen 4 days after PACE with DEB‐IRI 100. Inflammatory response on beads was moderate in all DEB‐IRI groups. Compared to other routes of administration, DEB loaded with irinotecan at doses up to 100 mg was well tolerated. DEB loaded with 100 mg irinotecan seem a promising candidate for future PACE trials in patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Synthesis and efficient hepatocyte targeting of galactosylated chitosan as a gene carrier in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Cheng Mingrong , Li Qing , Wan Tao , Hong Xiaowu , Chen Houxiang , He Bing , Cheng Zhijian , Xu Hongzhi , Ye Tao , Zha Bingbing , Wu Jingbo , Zhou Runjiao 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWhile chitosan (CS) has been researched widely as a non‐viral vector, its usefulness has been limited by its low cell specificity and transfection efficiency. Therefore, we successfully synthesized galactosylated chitosan (GC) and complexed it with an enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid (pIRES‐EGFP) for transfection into cultured H22 cells (murine hepatic cancer cell line) using various GC/EGFP (N/P) charge ratios. Maximal gene transfection rates detected by flow cytometry occurred at an N/P ratio 5:1. Compared with those of lipofectin/EGFP and naked pIRES‐EGFP, GC/EGFP complexes show a very efficient cell‐selective transfection to hepatocytes. The MTT assay detected relatively low cytotoxicity in cells transfected with GC. A recombinant plasmid granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐SCF) and interleukin (IL) 21 (pIRES/GM‐CSF‐IL21) was successfully constructed and GC/GM‐CSF‐IL21 nanoparticles (average diameter, 82.1 nm) were administered via the tail vein of mice with liver metastasis of colon cancer model, for 5 consecutive days. The GC/GM‐CSF‐IL21 nanoparticles exhibited hepatocyte and passive tumor specificity, increased therapeutic efficacy compared to control groups, promoted leukocytes to aggregate in tumor tissues, and activated the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL). Our results indicate that GC can be used in gene therapy to improve transfection efficiency and can be used as an immunological stimulant in vivo. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Design and stereoselective synthesis of four peptide nucleic acid monomers with cyclic structures in backbone
Authors: Watanabe Akiko , Kiyota Naotoshi , Yamasaki Tetsuo , Tanda Kazuhiro , Miyagoe Tatsunori , Sakamoto Masanori , Otsuka Masami 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFour isomers of the monomer of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) were derived from (2S,4R)‐4‐hydroxyproline; they had different stereochemistries at the C2 and C4 positions in the pyrrolidine ring. These different backbone conformations corresponding to four different stereochemistries were realized through a combination of inversions at the C2 and the C4 positions in pyrrolidine ring. The obtained backbone frameworks were reacted with N‐benzoyl thymine to give the corresponding PNA monomers. Spectroscopic comparison of the resultant monomers confirmed their stereochemistries. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).