bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schwann cell TRPA1 elicits reserpine‐induced fibromyalgia pain in mice
Authors: Brum Evelyne Silva , Fialho Maria Fernanda Pessano , Souza Monteiro de Araújo Daniel , Landini Lorenzo , Marini Matilde , Titiz Mustafa , Kuhn Bruna Luiza , Frizzo Clarissa Piccinin , Araújo Pedro Henrique Silva , Guimarães Rafaela Mano , Cunha Thiago Mattar , Silva Cássia Regina , Trevisan Gabriela , Geppetti Pierangelo , Nassini Romina , De Logu Francesco , Oliveira Sara Marchesan 
Published: May 2024

Background and PurposeFibromyalgia is a complex clinical disorder with an unknown aetiology, characterized by generalized pain and co‐morbid symptoms such as anxiety and depression. An imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants is proposed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia symptoms. However, the precise mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to fibromyalgia‐induced pain remain unclear. The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, known as both a pain sensor and an oxidative stress sensor, has been implicated in various painful conditions.Experimental ApproachThe feed‐forward mechanism that implicates reactive oxygen species (ROS) driven by TRPA1 was investigated in a reserpine‐induced fibromyalgia model in C57BL/6J mice employing pharmacological interventions and genetic approaches.Key ResultsReserpine‐treated mice developed pain‐like behaviours (mechanical/cold hypersensitivity) and early anxiety‐depressive‐like disorders, accompanied by increased levels of oxidative stress markers in the sciatic nerve tissues. These effects were not observed upon pharmacological blockade or global genetic deletion of the TRPA1 channel and macrophage depletion. Furthermore, we demonstrated that selective silencing of TRPA1 in Schwann cells reduced reserpine‐induced neuroinflammation (NADPH oxidase 1‐dependent ROS generation and macrophage increase in the sciatic nerve) and attenuated fibromyalgia‐like behaviours.Conclusion and ImplicationsActivated Schwann cells expressing TRPA1 promote an intracellular pathway culminating in the release of ROS and recruitment of macrophages in the mouse sciatic nerve. These cellular and molecular events sustain mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in the reserpine‐evoked fibromyalgia model. Targeting TRPA1 channels on Schwann cells could offer a novel therapeutic approach for managing fibromyalgia‐related behaviours.
Extent of foetal exposure to maternal elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor during pregnancy
Authors: Li Danni , Donnelley Martin , Parsons David , Habgood Mark D. , Schneider‐Futschik Elena K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeCystic fibrosis (CF) patients are living longer and healthier due to improved treatments, e.g. cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), with treatment possibly occurring in pregnancy. The risk of ETI to foetuses remain unknown. Thus the effect of maternally administered ETI on foetal genetic and structural development was investigated.Experimental ApproachPregnant Sprague Dawley rats were orally treated with ETI (6.7 mg·kg−1·day−1 elexacaftor + 3.5 mg·kg−1·day−1 tezacaftor + 25 mg·kg−1·day−1 ivacaftor) for 7 days from E12 to E19. Tissue samples collected at E19 were analysed using histology and RNA sequencing. Histological changes and differentially expressed genes (DEG) were assessed.Key ResultsNo overt structural abnormalities were found in foetal pancreas, liver, lung and small intestine after 7‐day ETI exposure. Very few non‐functionally associated DEG in foetal liver, lung and small intestine were identified using RNA‐seq. 29 DEG were identified in thymus (27 up‐regulated and two down‐regulated) and most were functionally linked to each other. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that multiple muscle‐related terms were significantly enriched. Many more DEG were identified in cortex (44 up‐regulated and four down‐regulated) and a group of these were involved in central nervous system and brain development.Conclusion and ImplicationSub‐chronic ETI treatment in late pregnancy does not appear to pose a significant risk to the genetic and structural development of many foetal tissues. However, significant gene changes in foetal thymic myoid cells and cortical neuronal development requires future follow‐up studies to assess the risk to these organs.
Specialists' management of permanent dentition traumatic dental injuries in 7–16‐year‐olds: A qualitative study
Authors: Taylor Greig Daniel , Gallichan Nathalie , Haq Tauseef , Sumner Oliver , Albadri Sondos , Holmes Richard D. , Waterhouse Paula Jane 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground/AimSpecialist paediatric dentists are integral to dental trauma care pathways. General dentists rely on specialist input, more so in complex cases. Little is known about specialists' role in these pathways or the perceived barriers they face. The aim is to explore specialists' role in managing traumatic dental injuries in the permanent dentition in children.Material/MethodsFace‐to‐face (remote video) online semi‐structured interviews were undertaken. All UK specialists were invited by email. Purposeful sampling aimed to investigate representation from the devolved nations, presence/absence of working within a managed‐clinical network and level of care provision. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were thematically analysed.ResultsData saturation was reached after nine interviews. Three main themes established were: inconsistent access to care; the need to formalise traumatic dental injuries care pathways; educationally upskilling general dentists.Geographical variation in provision of specialist and out‐of‐hours/emergency department care meant patients risked not receiving care by the most appropriate individual. Formalizing care pathways by clearly defining the role of each stakeholder (specialist, dentist, medical professionals and parents) and developing a method to assess complexity was perceived to be essential to improving treatment outcomes. Upskilling general dentists in trauma management appeared essential. A potential lack of engagement was raised, with a suggestion that trauma management education should become core continuing‐professional development.ConclusionsSpecialist input should be available in the management of traumatic dental injuries. Current access to specialist care is inequitable across the UK. Formalizing care pathways and upskilling general dentists could ease inconsistencies.
Coherence‐based automatic short answer scoring using sentence embedding
Authors: Ramesh Dadi , Sanampudi Suresh Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAutomatic essay scoring (AES) is an essential educational application in natural language processing. This automated process will alleviate the burden by increasing the reliability and consistency of the assessment. With the advances in text embedding libraries and neural network models, AES systems achieved good results in terms of accuracy. However, the actual goals still need to be attained, like embedding essays into vectors with cohesion and coherence, and providing student feedback is still challenging. In this paper, we proposed coherence‐based embedding of an essay into vectors using sentence‐Bidirectional Encoder Representation for Transformers. We trained these vectors on Long short‐term memory and bidirectional long short‐term memory to capture sentence connectivity with other sentences' semantics. We used two datasets: standard ASAP Kaggle and a domain‐specific dataset with almost 2500 responses from 650 students. Our model performed well on both datasets, with an average quadratic weighted kappa score of 0.76. Furthermore, we achieved good results compared to other prescribed models, and we also tested our model on adversarial responses of both datasets and observed decent outcomes.
Frontex's expanding mandate: Has democratic control caught up?
Authors: Strik Tineke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article analyses to what extend the rapid growth of Frontex has been accompanied by adequate democratic accountability, whereby the author draws on her experiences as a Member of Parliament. She elaborates on the safeguards in legislation but also on their application in practice, with a focus on the lessons the Parliament learned from its own inquiry on the role of Frontex in pushbacks. The contribution subsequently puts democratic control to a test on two relatively recent tasks of Frontex: return and external cooperation. Regarding the latter, the Parliament's role is highlighted in the negotiations on the Frontex status agreements between the EU and Mauritania/Senegal. The article answers the question of what obstacles must be overcome, through legislative amendments or changes in practice and culture, for the Parliament to exercise its role effectively. Two of these factors are dealt with more prominently: transparency and cooperation with national parliaments.
Systemic review for the use of biochar to mitigate soil degradation
Authors: Qi Shuai , Degen Allan , Wang Wenyin , Huang Mei , Li Dongmei , Luo Binyu , Xu Jianhui , Dang Zhiqiang , Guo Ruiying , Shang Zhanhuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiochar, a black carbon material produced by high‐temperature, low‐oxygen pyrolysis of organic solids, can improve soil properties and realize carbon neutrality. However, how to effectively produce and apply biochar in the face of the complex soil environment and intractable widespread land degradation is still uncertain. This review is based on 1073 sets of data in 316 publications to address this issue. Firstly, the impact of different process parameters, namely feedstocks, pyrolysis temperature and activation on physicochemical properties of biochar are systematically summarized. Secondly, the effect of biochar on different soil degradation problems are reviewed from the perspective of the interaction between the physicochemical properties of biochar and soil characteristics. The “matching” of biochar properties, level of degradation and environmental factors can be used to design the desired biochar. Finally, future research should focus on biochar aging and costs and benefits of using biochar. The concept of “artificial intelligence designed biochar” is discussed to improve the degree of automation in biochar production and the predictability and suitability of its application for specific cases.
Influence of flour extraction rate on static in vitro gastrointestinal digestion characteristics of wheat protein during conventional milling
Authors: Zhang Lingfang , Yang Shuzhen , Sun Binghua , Wang Xiaoxi , Ma Sen 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe flour extraction rate determines the components of wheat flour. However, the correlation between variations in components resulting from flour extraction rate and the protein digestion characteristics remains to be clarified. In this study, digestion characteristic of wheat flour protein influenced by flour extraction rates was investigated. The results indicated that the degree of protein hydrolysis, the number of peptides at the intestinal stage and the digestive rate constant (k) at the gastric stage exhibited a significant increase as the flour extraction rate increased (35%–85%). Moreover, wheat flour with 85% extraction rate presented the highest protein hydrolysis degree (25.85%), the most peptides (n = 79) and the maximum intestinal digestion rate constant (k = 0.0285). Therefore, increasing the flour extraction rate from 75% to 85% can improve the wheat flour protein digestibility in conventional milling, thereby establishing a fundamental basis for nutritional control of flour products.
Varieties of work‐based higher education: France, Germany and the United States compared
Authors: Graf Lukas , Lohse Anna P. , Bernhard Nadine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, higher education systems worldwide have been marked by a considerable expansion of work‐based higher education (WBHE), with the institutional spheres of academia, industry and state increasingly coming together. We take the case of WBHE to analyse institutional arrangements in the different skill formation systems of France, Germany and the United States. We ask: Which factors drive the development of WBHE programmes and how does their governance compare across the three distinct country settings? The study finds that the growth of WBHE in all three countries indicates a reconfiguration of education and training governance of high skills. Nonetheless, actor constellations, organizational interests and especially the degree of state intervention surrounding WBHE remain anchored in long‐standing national skill formation patterns.
Novel AI‐based tool for primary tooth segmentation on CBCT using convolutional neural networks: A validation study
Authors: Elsonbaty Sara , Elgarba Bahaaeldeen M. , Fontenele Rocharles Cavalcante , Swaity Abdullah , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary teeth segmentation on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans is essential for paediatric treatment planning. Conventional methods, however, are time‐consuming and necessitate advanced expertise.AimThe aim of this study was to validate an artificial intelligence (AI) cloud‐based platform for automated segmentation (AS) of primary teeth on CBCT. Its accuracy, time efficiency, and consistency were compared with manual segmentation (MS).DesignA dataset comprising 402 primary teeth (37 CBCT scans) was retrospectively retrieved from two CBCT devices. Primary teeth were manually segmented using a cloud‐based platform representing the ground truth, whereas AS was performed on the same platform. To assess the AI tool's performance, voxel‐ and surface‐based metrics were employed to compare MS and AS methods. Additionally, segmentation time was recorded for each method, and intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) assessed consistency between them.ResultsAS revealed high performance in segmenting primary teeth with high accuracy (98 ± 1%) and dice similarity coefficient (DSC; 95 ± 2%). Moreover, it was 35 times faster than the manual approach with an average time of 24 s. Both MS and AS demonstrated excellent consistency (ICC = 0.99 and 1, respectively).ConclusionThe platform demonstrated expert‐level accuracy, and time‐efficient and consistent segmentation of primary teeth on CBCT scans, serving treatment planning in children.
Vein of Marshall chemical ablation decreases atrial fibrillation drivers detected by CARTOFINDER
Authors: Hasebe Hideyuki , Furuyashiki Yoshitaka , Yoshida Kentaro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study sought to elucidate the impact of vein of Marshall (VOM) chemical ablation on atrial fibrillation (AF) drivers by investigating the changes in CARTOFINDER mappings before and after VOM chemical ablation in patients with persistent AF.MethodsThis study included 23 consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for long‐persistent AF (>18 months). VOM chemical ablation was performed following pulmonary vein isolation. CARTOFINDER and AF cycle length (AFCL) maps were created in the left atrium (LA) before and after VOM chemical ablation. The LA was divided into 8 segments, and the number of focal activation points with 6 or more repetitions was counted in each segment.ResultsThe number of focal activation points was largest in the LA appendage (LAA). After VOM chemical ablation, the number of focal activation points in the LA decreased significantly (37 [interquartile range, IQR: 19–55] vs. 15 [IQR: 7–21], p < .001), and median AFCL was significantly prolonged (159 [147–168] vs. 164 [150–173] ms, p < .001). In the assessment of each segment, significant decreases in focal activation points were observed in the inferior, lateral, and anterior segments and LAA. Among the focal activation points disappearing after chemical ablation, the number in the non‐ethanol‐affected area was significantly larger than that in the affected area (13 [8–25] vs. 4 [1–10], p < .001).ConclusionsVOM chemical ablation decreases AF drivers detected by CARTOFINDER. Mechanisms other than direct myocardial damage are considered to contribute the attenuation of AF drivers.
The NF‐κB/FXR/TonEBP pathway protects renal medullary interstitial cells against hypertonic stress
Authors: Du Chunxiu , Hu Shuyuan , Li Yaqing , Xu Hu , Qiao Rongfang , Guan Youfei , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFarnesoid X receptor (FXR), a ligand‐activated transcription factor, plays an important role in maintaining water homeostasis by up‐regulating aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression in renal medullary collecting ducts; however, its role in the survival of renal medullary interstitial cells (RMICs) under hypertonic conditions remains unclear. We cultured primary mouse RMICs and found that the FXR was expressed constitutively in RMICs, and that its expression was significantly up‐regulated at both mRNA and protein levels by hypertonic stress. Using luciferase and ChIP assays, we found a potential binding site of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) located in the FXR gene promoter which can be bound and activated by NF‐κB. Moreover, hypertonic stress‐induced cell death in RMICs was significantly attenuated by FXR activation but worsened by FXR inhibition. Furthermore, FXR increased the expression and nuclear translocation of hypertonicity‐induced tonicity‐responsive enhance‐binding protein (TonEBP), the expressions of its downstream target gene sodium myo‐inositol transporter (SMIT), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The present study demonstrates that the NF‐κB/FXR/TonEBP pathway protects RMICs against hypertonic stress.
Profiloplasty and facial contouring with injectables: A holistic, practical, and user‐friendly approach
Authors: Farollch‐Prats Lisandro , Braz André , Urdiales‐Gálvez Fernando , de la Guardia Carola , Nazari Ahmad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundExpansion of the aesthetic treatment armamentarium with novel injectable products has greatly improved our ability to reshape and enhance the facial profile. However, full‐face “profiloplasty” with injectables remain a nascent concept and is insufficiently considered in daily practice. While techniques have been widely published for treating the individual facial areas that constitute an attractive profile—including the forehead, nose, lips, jawline, and chin—the literature remains fragmented on more universal methods for profile improvement.AimsTo collate disparate knowledge on profile optimization with injectables, and define a holistic, practical, and user‐friendly approach to profiloplasty and facial contouring.MethodsConsideration is given to key anatomical aspects and the changes that occur with age; patient assessment parameters for planning profiloplasty; and the technical specifications, product selection, and essential safety considerations for minimizing the risk of complications and optimizing the effectiveness of treatment.ResultsRelevant case studies are presented.ConclusionsHolistic approaches of this type are essential if we are to maximize the potential of full‐face treatment with injectables—both now and in the future.
Resolve and dissolve—An ultrasound‐guided investigation on the effects of hyaluronidase on different soft tissue fillers
Authors: Bravo Bruna S. F. , Cavalcante Thamires , Silveira Camila , Bravo Leonardo G. , Zafra Maria Carolina , Elias Mariana Calomeni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundNonsurgical cosmetic procedures, particularly the use of hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based soft tissue fillers, are becoming increasingly popular. This trend has catalyzed the development of a plethora of HA‐based products differing in product characteristics, thereby catering to an ever‐widening spectrum of aesthetic applications. However, complications rise concomitant with the increasing number of procedures. Among the strategies to manage such adverse events is the enzymatic breakdown with hyaluronidase.ObjectiveTo analyze the response of different HA‐based soft tissue filler materials to hyaluronidase injections.MethodsA total of 11 different HA‐based soft tissue fillers were evaluated using noninvasive ultrasound imaging to assess their behavior in response to hyaluronidase injections. The HA‐based soft tissue fillers were categorized according to their product characteristics into a structuring, volumizing, and lip volumizing group. Standardized injections of 0.2 cc were performed in chicken breast to simulate human tissue. Ultrasound measurements of width, height, and calculated volume were performed immediately after filler injection, 1 h and 24 h following hyaluronidase injection.ResultsRegardless of the soft tissue filler analyzed, the most significant volume reduction occurred within the first h after applying hyaluronidase, with a 64.1% decrease from the initial volume. After 24 h, the total volume reduction reached 81.7%. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the three groups at each follow‐up time period, except for the height measurement after 1 h. While width was statistically significant in all groups between the investigated follow‐up groups, the volume reduction was only statistically significant in the groups with the highest and second highest G' values (i.e., Group 1—structuring, Group 2—volumizing).ConclusionThe effectiveness of hyaluronidase in dissolving HA‐based fillers is initially independent of product characteristics of HA‐based fillers such as G‐prime, with increased efficacy in fillers with higher G‐prime values, as evidenced by significant volume reductions in such groups.
Ideology and Education: Soviet Ideological Educational Practices in the Kyrgyz Territory (1924–1927)
Authors: Gül Yavuz Ercan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the ideological propaganda applied by the Soviet Union in schools in Kyrgyzstan during 1924–1925. During these years, propaganda was used in its most widespread form in Kyrgyzstan and education became an ideological weapon. I use the document analysis technique for data collection and collected data by obtaining the necessary permissions from the Kyrgyzstan State Archive. The research focuses on the activities carried out by the Soviet Union to have the Soviet ideology adopted in the old tsarist schools and newly opened schools in Kyrgyzstan after the October Revolution. In addition, this study provides primary sources that are not found in the literature on the ideological educational practices of the Soviet administration in Kyrgyz schools. The Soviet administration prioritized the ideological training of teachers and trained them to transfer the Soviet values to students. The Soviet Union implemented a single educational program prepared by Soviet ideologues in schools throughout its territory. The educational content aimed to eliminate completely the national culture and old beliefs of societies. In addition to the education program, they renamed physical areas, such as school and street names, consistent with this ideology.