bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating species distribution models and interacting particle systems to predict the spread of an invasive alien plant
Authors: Smolik M.G. , Dullinger S. , Essl F. , Kleinbauer I. , Leitner M. , Peterseil J. , Stadler L.‐M. , Vogl G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  We demonstrate how to integrate two widely used tools for modelling the spread of invasive plants, and compare the performance of the combined model with that of its individual components using the recent range dynamics of the invasive annual weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.Location  Austria.Methods  Species distribution models, which deliver habitat‐based information on potential distributions, and interacting particle systems, which simulate spatio‐temporal range dynamics as dependent on neighbourhood configurations, were combined into a common framework. We then used the combined model to simulate the invasion of A. artemisiifolia in Austria between 1990 and 2005. For comparison, simulations were also performed with models that accounted only for habitat suitability or neighbourhood configurations. The fit of the three models to the data was assessed by likelihood ratio tests, and simulated invasion patterns were evaluated against observed ones in terms of predictive discrimination ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC) and spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I).Results  The combined model fitted the data significantly better than the single‐component alternatives. Simulations relying solely on parameterized spread kernels performed worst in terms of both AUC and spatial pattern formation. Simulations based only on habitat information correctly predicted infestation of susceptible areas but reproduced the autocorrelated patterns of A. artemisiifolia expansion less adequately than did the integrated model.Main conclusions  Our integrated modelling approach offers a flexible tool for forecasts of spatio‐temporal invasion patterns from landscape to regional scales. As a further advantage, scenarios of environmental change can be incorporated consistently by appropriately updating habitat suitability layers. Given the susceptibility of many alien plants, including A. artemisiifolia, to both land use and climate changes, taking such scenarios into account will increasingly become relevant for the design of proactive management strategies.
Support for vicariant origins of the New Zealand Onychophora
Authors: Allwood Julia , Gleeson Dianne , Mayer Georg , Daniels Savel , Beggs Jacqueline R. , Buckley Thomas R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  The distribution of Onychophora across the southern continents has long been considered the result of vicariance events. However, it has recently been hypothesized that New Zealand was completely inundated during the late Oligocene (25–22 Ma) and therefore that the entire biota is the result of long‐distance dispersal. We tested this assumption using phylogenetic and molecular dating of DNA sequence data from Onychophora.Location  New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, Chile (South America).Methods  We obtained DNA sequence data from the nuclear genes 28S and 18S rRNA to reconstruct relationships among species of Peripatopsidae (Onychophora). We performed molecular dating under a Bayesian relaxed clock model with a range of prior distributions using the rifting of South America and South Africa as a calibration.Results  Our phylogenetic trees revealed that the New Zealand genera Ooperipatellus and Peripatoides, together with selected Australian genera (Euperipatoides, Phallocephale and an undescribed genus from Tasmania), form a monophyletic group that is the sister group to genera from Chile (Metaperipatus) and South Africa (Peripatopsis and Opisthopatus). The relaxed clock dating analyses yielded mean divergence times from 71.3 to 78.9 Ma for the split of the New Zealand Peripatoides from their Australian sister taxa. The 0.95 Bayesian posterior intervals were very broad and ranged from 24.5 to 137.6 Ma depending on the prior assumptions. The mean divergence of the New Zealand species of Ooperipatellus from the Australian species Ooperipatellus insignis was estimated at between 39.9 and 46.2 Ma, with posterior intervals ranging from 9.5 to 91.6 Ma.Main conclusions  The age of Peripatoides is consistent with long‐term survival in New Zealand and implies that New Zealand was not completely submerged during the Oligocene. Ooperipatellus is less informative on the question of continuous land in the New Zealand region because we cannot exclude a post‐Oligocene divergence. The great age of Peripatoides is consistent with a vicariant origin of this genus resulting from the rifting of New Zealand from the eastern margin of Gondwana and supports the assumptions of previous authors who considered the Onychophora to be a relict component of the New Zealand biota.
Abdominal decompression for intra‐abdominal hypertension after simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation
Authors: Decoster T. , Vermassen F.E.G. , Peeters P.C. , Hoste E.A.J. , De Waele J.J. 
Published: November 2009

Decoster T, Vermassen FEG, Peeters PC, Hoste EAJ, De Waele JJ. Abdominal decompression for intra‐abdominal hypertension after simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 118–121. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Intra‐abdominal hypertension (IAH) is increasingly recognized in critically ill patients and can result in respiratory, hemodynamic or renal dysfunction. We report the case of a patient suffering from diabetic nephropathy who underwent simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation. Within 12 h after the operation, the patient developed IAH resulting in oliguria and a rise in serum creatinine. Surgical abdominal decompression was performed, resulting in immediate restoration of kidney graft function.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of maintenance treatment with adjunctive risperidone long‐acting therapy in patients with bipolar I disorder who relapse frequently
Authors: Macfadden Wayne , Alphs Larry , Haskins J Thomas , Turner Norris , Turkoz Ibrahim , Bossie Cynthia , Kujawa Mary , Mahmoud Ramy 
Published: November 2009

Objective:  No large controlled trials have evaluated adjunctive maintenance treatment with long‐acting injectable antipsychotics in patients with bipolar disorder. This study assessed whether adjunctive maintenance treatment with risperidone long‐acting therapy (RLAT), added to treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) medications for bipolar disorder, delays relapse in patients with bipolar disorder type I.Methods:  This study included patients with bipolar disorder type I with ≥ four mood episodes in the 12 months prior to study entry. Following a 16‐week, open‐label stabilization phase with RLAT plus TAU, remitted patients entered a 52‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, relapse‐prevention phase. Randomized patients continued treatment with adjunctive RLAT (25–50 mg every two weeks) plus TAU (n = 65) or switched to adjunctive placebo injection plus TAU (n = 59). The primary outcome measure was time to relapse to any mood episode.Results:  Of 240 enrolled patients, 124 entered double‐blind treatment. Time to relapse was longer in patients receiving adjunctive RLAT (p = 0.010). Relapse rates were 23.1% (n = 15) with adjunctive RLAT versus 45.8% (n = 27) with adjunctive placebo; relative relapse risk was 2.3‐fold higher with adjunctive placebo (p = 0.011). Completion rates were: adjunctive RLAT, 60.0% (n = 39) and adjunctive placebo, 42.4% (n = 25; p = 0.050). Adverse event (AE)‐related discontinuations were 4.6% (n = 3) and 1.7% (n = 1), respectively. Common AEs (adjunctive RLAT versus adjunctive placebo) were: tremor (24.6% versus 10.2%), insomnia (20.0% versus 18.6%), muscle rigidity (12.3% versus 5.1%), weight increased (6.2% versus 1.7%), and hypokinesia (7.7% versus 0.0%).Conclusions:  Adjunctive RLAT significantly delayed time to relapse in patients with bipolar disorder type I who relapse frequently. Safety and tolerability of RLAT were generally consistent with that previously observed.
Inhibition of specific adenylyl cyclase isoforms by lithium and carbamazepine, but not valproate, may be related to their antidepressant effect
Authors: Mann Liad , Heldman Eliahu , Bersudsky Yuly , Vatner Stephen F , Ishikawa Yoshihiro , Almog Orna , Belmaker Robert H , Agam Galila 
Published: November 2009

Objectives: Lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine decrease stimulated brain cyclic‐AMP (cAMP) levels. Adenylyl cyclase (AC), of which there are nine membrane‐bound isoforms (AC1‐AC9), catalyzes the formation of cAMP. We have recently demonstrated preferential inhibition of AC5 by lithium. We now sought to determine whether carbamazepine and valproate also preferentially inhibit specific AC isoforms or decrease cAMP levels via different mechanisms.Methods: COS7 cells were transfected with one of AC1‐AC9, with or without D1‐dopamine receptors. Carbamazepine’s and valproate’s effect on forskolin‐ or D1 agonist‐stimulated ACs was studied. The effect of Mg2+on lithium’s inhibition was studied in membrane‐enriched fraction from COS7 cells co‐expressing AC5 and D1 receptors. AC5 knockout mice were tested for a behavioral phenotype similar to that of lithium treatment.Results: Carbamazepine preferentially inhibited forskolin‐stimulated AC5 and AC1 and all D1 agonist‐stimulated ACs, with AC5 and AC7 being the most sensitive. When compared to 1 or 3 mM Mg2+, 10 mM Mg2+reduced lithium‐induced AC5 inhibition by 70%.In silicomodeling suggests that among AC isoforms carbamazepine preferentially affects AC1 and AC5 by interacting with the catechol‐estrogen site. Valproate did not affect any forskolin‐ or D1 receptor‐stimulated AC. AC5 knockout mice responded similarly to antidepressant‐ or lithium‐treated wild‐types in the forced‐swim test but not in the amphetamine‐induced hyperactivity mania model.Conclusions: Lithium and carbamazepine preferentially inhibit AC5, albeit via different mechanisms. Lithium competes with Mg2+, which is essential for AC activity; carbamazepine competes for AC’s catechol‐estrogen site. Antidepressant‐like behavior of AC5 knockout mice in the forced‐swim test supports the notion that AC5 inhibition is involved in the antidepressant effect of lithium and carbamazepine. The effect of lithium and carbamazepine to lower cAMP formation in AC5‐rich dopaminergic brain regions suggests that D1‐dopamine receptors in these regions are involved in the antidepressant effect of mood stabilizers.
Suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms among bipolar patients as predictors of the health and well‐being of caregivers
Authors: Chessick Cheryl A , Perlick Deborah A , Miklowitz David J , Dickinson L Miriam , Allen Michael H , Morris Chad D , Gonzalez Jodi M , Marangell Lauren B , Cosgrove Victoria , Ostacher Michael ,   the STED‐BD Family Experience Collaborative Study Group
Published: November 2009

Objectives:  Few studies have addressed the physical and mental health effects of caring for a family member with bipolar disorder. This study examined whether caregivers’ health is associated with changes in suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms among bipolar patients observed over one year.Methods:  Patients (N = 500) participating in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder and their primary caregivers (N = 500, including 188 parental and 182 spousal caregivers) were evaluated for up to one year as part of a naturalistic observational study. Caregivers’ perceptions of their own physical health were evaluated using the general health scale from the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey. Caregivers’ depression was evaluated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale.Results:  Caregivers of patients who had increasing suicidal ideation over time reported worsening health over time compared to caregivers of patients whose suicidal ideation decreased or stayed the same. Caregivers of patients who had more suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms reported more depressed mood over a one‐year reporting period than caregivers of patients with less suicidal ideation or depression. The pattern of findings was consistent across parent caregivers and spousal caregivers.Conclusions:  Caregivers, rightly concerned about patients becoming suicidal or depressed, may try to care for the patient at the expense of their own health and well‐being. Treatments that focus on the health of caregivers must be developed and tested.
Penile Extramedullary Plasmacytoma in a Dog
Authors: Kim Min‐Su , Kim Dong Hoo , Choi Ul Soo 
Published: November 2009

ContentsPenile tumours are rare in dogs. Reported herein is a case of a penile extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) in a 5‐year‐old male cocker spaniel that was brought to a local hospital for an evaluation of a penile mass. The mass was approximately 1.3 cm in diameter at the time of presentation. In fine needle aspiration and histopathological examinations, the neoplastic cells showed eccentric round nuclei, a moderate amount of basophilic cytoplasm, and a peri‐nuclear clear zone, consistent with plasma cell morphology. There was nuclear pleomorphism with mononuclear giant cells and occasional bi‐nucleation. Round cells on the periphery of the mass demonstrated plasmacytic differentiation. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells stained positive for MUM1 and light lambda chain. Based on the cytological and pathological observations, a diagnosis of penile EMP was established.
Factors influencing death at home in terminally ill cancer patients
Authors: Nakamura Shunsuke , Kuzuya Masafumi , Funaki Yoshimasa , Matsui Wataru , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: November 2009

Aim:  The purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting terminally ill cancer patients dying at home.Material:  Ninety‐two terminally ill cancer patients who were receiving home medical care services and died between April 2005 and December 2006 were included in the study. The data included patients' and caregivers' demographic characteristics, disease‐related information, place of death, and status of home care support. To identify the factors predicting the place of death, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results:  Patients of families who had no preference regarding the place of death or a preference for death at home were more likely to die at home (vs preference for hospital death, odds ratio = 5.87, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–36.53; odds ratio = 90.35, 95% confidence interval = 8.15–1001.51, respectively) after adjusting for potential confounders. Meanwhile, if the patient's family preferred that the patient not die at home, the patient's place of death was not at his/her home irrespective of his/her preference.Conclusion:  The results suggested the stronger involvement of families' preferences regarding the patients' place of death over patients' own preferences. Therefore, factors affecting families' preferences need to be clarified for the dissemination of death at home for terminally ill cancer patients.
Dietary supplementation of n‐3 PUFA reduces weight gain and improves postprandial lipaemia and the associated inflammatory response in the obese JCR:LA‐cp rat
Authors: Hassanali Z. , Ametaj B. N. , Field C. J. , Proctor S. D. , Vine D. F. 
Published: November 2009

Background: Postprandial dyslipidaemia occurs in obesity and insulin resistance (IR), and is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. We have recently established that the JCR:LA‐cp rodent model develops postprandial dyslipidaemia concomitant with complications of the metabolic syndrome. Dietary n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) are proposed to modulate plasma lipids, serum hormone levels, lipoprotein metabolism and the inflammatory state; however, results remain inconsistent during conditions of IR. Aim: To assess the acute metabolic and inflammatory effects of dietary fish oil supplementation on existing postprandial dyslipidaemia in the JCR:LA‐cp model. Methods: JCR:LA‐cp rats (14 weeks of age) were fed either a control, isocaloric, lipid balanced diet (15% w/w total fat, 1.0% cholesterol, P:S ratio 0.4), a lipid balanced diet with 5% n‐3 PUFA [fish oil derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] or a lipid balanced diet with 10% n‐3 PUFA for 3 weeks. Fasting plasma lipid, cytokine levels, postprandial chylomicron (apoB48) metabolism and the postprandial inflammatory response [haptoglobin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP)] were assessed following a standardized ‘oral fat challenge’. Results: n‐3 PUFA treatment resulted in a significant improvement (i.e. decrease) in the postprandial response for triglyceride (45%) (p < 0.05), apoB48 (45%) (p < 0.03) and LBP (33%) (p < 0.05) compared to controls (measured as area under the clearance curve). In contrast, we observed a significant elevation in postprandial haptoglobin (165%) (p < 0.001) in obese rats supplemented with 10% n‐3 PUFA. Treatment with 5% n‐3 PUFA in the JCR:LA‐cp obese animals resulted in a complementary decrease in total body weight gain (6%) (p < 0.001) and an increase (i.e. improvement) in adiponectin (33%) (p < 0.05) compared to controls, without a concomitant reduction in food intake. Conclusion: Acute dietary n‐3 PUFA dietary supplementation can improve fasting as well as postprandial lipid metabolism and components of the associated inflammatory response in the JCR:LA‐cp rat. Further, moderate dose n‐3 PUFA supplementation may reduce corresponding body weight during conditions of hypercholesterolaemia and/or modulate inflammation associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
A randomized, treat‐to‐target trial comparing insulin lispro protamine suspension and insulin detemir in insulin‐naive patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fogelfeld L. , Dharmalingam M. , Robling K. , Jones C. , Swanson D. , Jacober S. 
Published: November 2009

Diabet. Med. 27, 181–188 (2010)AbstractAims  Insulin lispro protamine suspension (ILPS) and insulin detemir were compared in insulin‐naive patients with Type 2 diabetes poorly controlled by oral glucose‐lowering agents (OGLAs) to demonstrate non‐inferior overall glycaemic control.Methods  This was a 24‐week, multinational, open‐label, parallel‐group, treat‐to‐target trial. Adults taking two or more OGLAs were randomized to ILPS (n = 223) or detemir (n = 219) once daily at bedtime. Doses were titrated to target fasting blood glucose (FBG) 5.0–7.2 mmol/l. A pre‐breakfast dose was added up to week 8 per prespecified criteria. The primary objective was comparison of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) change from baseline (non‐inferiority margin 0.4%).Results  At end‐point, HbA1c decreased from 8.8 ± 0.7% in both groups to 7.3 ± 0.9% (ILPS) and 7.5 ± 1.1% (detemir). Least‐squares mean difference (95% confidence interval) for HbA1c [−0.21% (−0.39, −0.03)] and glycaemic variability [0.10 mmol/l (−0.02, 0.23)] demonstrated non‐inferiority. End‐point mean FBG was 7.0 vs. 6.9 mmol/l (P = 0.85), and percentages of patients achieving H < 7.0% were 34.9% vs. 31.2% for ILPS vs. detemir. More ILPS patients used twice‐daily dosing (59% vs. 49%). Mean daily insulin dose was 0.39 vs. 0.46 U/kg (P = 0.005) and weight gain was 1.88 vs. 0.36 kg (P < 0.001) for ILPS vs. detemir. Overall hypoglycaemia (episodes?patient‐1?year‐1) (24.2 ± 33.0 vs. 16.2 ± 26.1, P = 0.001) and nocturnal (6.3 ± 12.1 vs. 3.8 ± 13.2, P < 0.001) rates were higher for ILPS.Conclusions  At end‐point, ILPS was non‐inferior to detemir in HbA1c change from baseline. Patients using ILPS achieved lower end‐point HbA1c with lower insulin doses but greater hypoglycaemia and weight gain.
National and Office‐Specific Measures of Auditor Industry Expertise and Effects on Audit Quality
Authors: REICHELT KENNETH J. , WANG DECHUN 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTOur paper examines whether audit quality is higher for industry audit specialists at the national and city‐office levels using the framework developed in Ferguson et al. [2003] and Francis et al. [2005]. We find that auditors who are both national and city‐specific industry specialists have clients with the lowest abnormal accruals, suggesting that joint national and city‐specific industry specialists have the highest audit quality. In addition, we find some evidence that abnormal accruals of firms audited by city‐industry specialists alone (without also being national specific industry specialists) are lower than those audited by nonindustry specialists. Using alternative measures of audit quality, we find that when the auditor is both a national and a city‐specific industry specialist, its clients are less likely to meet or beat analysts' earnings forecasts by one penny per share and more likely to be issued a going‐concern audit opinion. Together these results provide consistent evidence that audit quality is higher when the auditor is both a national and city‐specific industry specialist, suggesting that auditors' national positive network synergies and the individual auditors' deep industry knowledge at the office level are jointly important factors in delivering higher audit quality.
Rosiglitazone via upregulation of Akt/eNOS pathways attenuates dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells, induced by advanced glycation end products
Authors: Liang Chun , Ren Yusheng , Tan Hongbin , He Zhiqing , Jiang Qijun , Wu Jianxiang , Zhen Yi , Fan Min , Wu Zonggui 
Published: November 2009

Background and purpose:  Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play key roles in pathogenesis of diabetes‐related vascular complications. AGEs can induce dysfunction in EPCs. The peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPARγ) agonists are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and it remains unknown if they could attenuate EPC dysfunction induced by AGEs.Experimental approach:  EPCs isolated from healthy adults were cultured with various concentrations of AGEs (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg·L−1) with or without rosiglitazone (10 nM), antibody for the receptors for AGE‐human serum albumin (anti‐receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE); 50 µg·mL−1), phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002, 5 µM), nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor (L‐NG‐nitro‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), 100 µM) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 25 µM). Proliferation, apoptosis, cell adhesion, migration and NO production in EPCs were assessed, and expressions of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and Akt were determined.Key results:  Number, proliferation/migration capacities, eNOS and Akt phosphorylation as well as NO synthesized by EPCs were increased by rosiglitazone and reduced by AGEs. AGEs promoted while rosiglitazone reduced EPC apoptosis. The AGE‐induced effects were significantly ameliorated by pre‐incubation with rosiglitazone, RAGE antibody and SNP. The beneficial effects of rosiglitazone could be blocked by pretreatment with L‐NAME and LY294002.Conclusions and implications:  The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone increased EPC function and attenuated EPC dysfunction induced by AGEs via upregulating the Akt‐eNOS signal pathways of EPCs.