bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ perception of peer teaching in engineering education: a mixed–method case study
Authors: Dosoftei Constantin Cătălin , Alexa Lidia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground: Engineering education is constantly evolving and adapting to meet the demand for diverse skills and competencies in graduates, in response to the changing global economy and technological advancements. This requires shifting from a traditional content-oriented and professor-focused approach towards a more interactive, student-centered approach in which students actively engage in all process stages. The study’s main objective was to examine the students’ perceptions of peer teaching and better understand the method’s perceived advantages and disadvantages. The research was conducted over two academic years (2021 and 2022) and involved 96 students. The research incorporated quantitative and qualitative data collected through online questionnaires completed by the students at the end of the semester. The results showed a cumulative positive response rate for all close-ended questions of over 60%. The correlation analysis revealed medium positive relationships among the variables, including self-confidence, academic performance, communication and active listening, teamwork, knowledge consolidation, student-teacher benefits, and teaching activity. The thematic analysis of the open-ended questions showed that 87% of the respondents perceived the peer-teaching experience as positive and valuable. The main advantages listed by students were better communication, practicality, increased attention and interaction, and overcoming student-teacher anxiety. The main disadvantage was the perceived lack of structure and experience in coordinating laboratory work. The study results indicate that peer-based instructional methods can lead to more effective dissemination of knowledge among students, as evidenced by the high percentage of respondents who reported improved comprehension through peer-to-peer explanations. At the same time, the efficacy of this approach is contingent upon the instructor’s preparation and support, which facilitates the learning process and enhances the classroom’s social dynamics.
Measure for optical robustness of directly bonded glass-to-glass joint using its interaction with damage induced by fs laser
Authors: Zhou Jansen , Zhou Y. Norman , Mayer Michael 
Published: June 2024

To produce more powerful compact ultrafast lasers, research aims at improving the quality of bonds between components inside the laser cavity. Increasing bond robustness under optical irradiation helps the bonds to survive the high energy pulses that these lasers are designed to produce. A measure for such robustness is reported here to support work toward improved bonding processes for such lasers. We produced bonds between pairs of optical grade fused silica glass cylinders using a wet direct bonding procedure. We evaluated these bonds using conventional microscopy, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy, without quantifiable results. The bond interface was not discernible through conventional SEM imaging, even after cross sectioning and polishing. The majority of the interface was also undetectable in optical micrographs, except for some limited areas of interfacial disturbance. To obtain quantifiable results for optical robustness, we used an 800 nm femtosecond laser to produce filament-shaped damage from a focal spot moving across the interface. Microscopy of the damage showed its interaction with the interface, the presence of which caused a ≈0.130 to ≈0.230 mm long interruption in the damage line. The exact value depended not only on laser power but also interface quality, and thereby quantified the optical robustness. The reported method proved more sensitive in detecting bonds of fused silica samples compared to other visualization techniques used. Our results suggest a nuanced understanding of bonded glass joints—mechanically sound, yet with limited optical robustness under specific laser conditions.
Combination of crystal growth with optical floating zone and evaluation of Nd3+:LaAlO3 crystals with the dynamic nuclear polarization of 139La and 27Al
Authors: Ishizaki Kohei , Ide Ikuo , Fujita Masaki , Hotta Hiroki , Ito Yuki , Iinuma Masataka , Ikeda Yoichi , Iwata Takahiro , Kitaguchi Masaaki , Kohri Hideki , Matsushita Taku , Miura Daisuke , Miyachi Yoshiyuki , Shimizu Hirohiko M. , Yosoi Masaru 
Published: June 2024

Producing a polarized lanthanum (La) target with high polarization and long relaxation time is crucial for realizing time-reversal violation experiments using polarized neutron beams. We use a LaAlO3 crystal doped with a small amount of Nd3+ ions for the polarized lanthanum target. Optimizing the amount of Nd3+ ions is considerably important because the achievable polarization and relaxation time strongly depend on this amount. We established a fundamental method to grow single crystals of Nd3+:LaAlO3 using an optical floating zone method that employs halogen lamps and evaluated the crystals with the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) method for polarizing nuclear spins. Two crystal samples were grown by ourselves and evaluated with the DNP at 1.3 K and 2.3 T for the first time, except for the target materials of protons. The enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance signals for 139La and 27Al was successfully observed, and the enhancement factors were eventually 3.5 ± 0.3 and 13 ± 3 for the samples with Nd3+ ions of 0.05 and 0.01 mol. %, respectively. These enhancement factors correspond to absolute vector polarizations of 0.27% ± 0.02% (Nd3+ 0.05 mol. %) and 1.4% ± 0.3% (Nd3+ 0.01 mol. %). Although the obtained polarizations are still low, they are acceptable as a first step. The combination scheme of the crystal growth and the evaluation of the crystals is found to be effectively applicable for optimizing the amount of Nd3+ ions for improving the performance of the polarized target.
Socio-Economic Benefits of Involvement of Local People in Community-Based Tourism Development at Goo-Moremi Gorge, Botswana
Authors: Dibotlhale Gaofenngwe , Moswete Naomi 
Published: June 2024

Summary

The case study is about the people of Goo-Moremi village and the development of cultural-heritage tourism based on their monument site referred to as the
Gorge
. A
Gorge
is a long narrow depression in the Earth’s surface, usually with a fairly regular downslope, and it is a rocky-walled, steep-sided, deep, narrow river valley possibly formed from tectonic action and further widened due to the erosive action of the water. The Goo-Moremi
Gorge
is typical as it is a depression formed because of tectonic activities. It is located in the Tswapong hills and has a deep valley and a stream running through it. As is the norm in Botswana, and based on community-based tourism principles, different communities are encouraged to form community-based organizations, also referred to as Trusts. Thus, formation of the Goo-Moremi Community Development Trust (CBO) in 1999, led to increased tourism activity associated with the
Gorge
and general related benefits to residents. The Trust was established to allow the residents to become part of the decision making process in tourism development within the community. Therefore, the establishment of the Trust meant that all members in the community be involved, participate, and share ownership and benefits from cultural-heritage tourism that takes place in their area. Results of the study show an increased tourism activity within the village with reference to the
Gorge
. In general, cultural-heritage tourism activity brought changes to the local people that heightened job creation, improved business opportunities, and increased awareness of the importance of cultural traditions and the need to safeguard and preserve the historic and cultural heritage resources of the people. Due to better awareness and understanding of cultural-heritage tourism, some residents supplemented their livelihoods based on crop and arable farming with tourism-related businesses. Examples of this include selling hand-crafted ornaments, hosting annual culture days, and selling a variety of traditional and local foods.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Ansatz optimization of the variational quantum eigensolver tested on the atomic Anderson model
Authors: De Riso Giuseppe , Cipriani Francesco , Villani Lorenzo , Bisogno Vincenzo , Lo Schiavo Marco , Romano Alfonso , Noce Canio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present a detailed analysis and optimization of the variational quantum algorithms required to find the ground state of a correlated electron model, using several types of variational ansatz. Specifically, we apply our approach to the atomic limit of the Anderson model, which is widely studied in condensed matter physics since it can simulate fundamental physical phenomena, ranging from magnetism to superconductivity. The method is developed by presenting efficient state preparation circuits that exhibit total spin, spin projection, particle number and time-reversal symmetries. These states contain the minimal number of variational parameters needed to fully span the appropriate symmetry subspace allowing to avoid irrelevant sectors of Hilbert space. Then, we show how to construct quantum circuits, providing explicit decomposition and gate count in terms of standard gate sets. We test these quantum algorithms looking at ideal quantum computer simulations as well as implementing quantum noisy simulations. We finally perform an accurate comparative analysis among the approaches implemented, highlighting their merits and shortcomings.
Enhanced current-carrying capability in YBCO coated conductor bilayers for high-field applications
Authors: Aye M M , Rivasto E , Zhao Y , Huhtinen H , Paturi P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We have investigated the impact of bilayer structures on the critical current density, J
c, of YBa2Cu3O6+x
(YBCO) coated conductor films, i.e. films grown on buffered metal substrates, under varying temperature and magnetic field conditions. The bilayers consisted of a YBCO layer free of artificial pinning centers and 8 wt% BaZrO3-added (BZO) layer on top, where the thickness percentage of the layers was varied from 0 to 100 %. The results reveal that the bilayer configuration enhances J
c at temperatures below 60 K, with a significant improvement in high magnetic fields (5–8 T) and temperatures ≤20 K. The optimal BZO-added layer thickness was found to be approximately 70 %, reaching 80 % at 8 T. Structural examinations indicate improved growth of YBCO and BZO nanorods in the bilayer structure with BZO-added layer thickness ≤80 %. Theoretical model of the bilayer structure considering the layers as two parallel superconductors with different properties was developed. It was found that the model adequately explains all the experimentally observed tendencies, and thus the observed maximum in J
c is due to better growth of the BZO-added layer. The study provides valuable insights for designing optimal bilayer structures for diverse applications operating in different temperature and magnetic field regimes.
Surface temperature measurement from infrared synthetic diagnostic in preparation for ITER operations
Authors: Aumeunier M.-H. , Juven A. , Gerardin J. , Cisse C-M. B. , Pamela S. , Miorelli R. , Reboud C. , Retailleau F. , Marot J. , Rigollet F. , Marot L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The protection of ITER in-vessel components and the plasma-wall interaction studies will be based on a large network of infrared (IR) cameras covering 70% of the tokamak. The surface temperature measurement from IR images remains challenging due to the presence of metallic targets, with changes in surface thermo-radiative properties (emissivity) and the presence of multiple reflections. The paper provides an overview of major progress to improve the interpretation of IR image and to get more reliable surface temperature from IR synthetic diagnostics. The paper presents the latest development of (1) the forward model to include the modelling of the edge localised modes and a new advanced camera that is better adapted to experimental data (2) the inverse model to retrieve the emissivity of the targets and the surface temperature from a neural network trained exclusively from synthetic IR images. Promising results have been obtained both from simulated test images with an estimated emissivity better than 0.05 and a surface temperature better than 10%, and from WEST experimental images of ITER-like wide-angle to filter reflection patterns.
MHD-FiT: MHD-based dynamic reconstruction of tokamak plasma configuration
Authors: Ahmadi T. , Ono Y. , Cai Y. , Tanabe H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative method for reconstructing 2D magnetic flux contours and plasma parameters of dynamically moving tokamak plasmas. While conventional methods like EFIT, based on the Grad–Shafranov equation, are suitable for plasma equilibria with a single magnetic axis, our approach utilizes the MHD equations and shows promise for tokamak plasmas in motion or containing multiple magnetic axes, which may not strictly adhere to plasma equilibria. By utilizing limited edge magnetic probe measurements, our developed model successfully reconstructs the time evolution of two merging plasma toroids in the TS-6 experiment. A comparison with direct 2D magnetic probe measurements in a low β regime reveals a reconstruction error of approximately 3%.
Non-soluble antibacterial polyurethane based on cation mechanism and functionalized by chitosan and heparin azide
Authors: Li Shuaishuai , Zhang Liang , Liu Yicheng , Zhang Enke , Li Xinyu , Chen Zichi , Yu Zihan , Zhou Haoyuan , Li Ying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, medical polyurethanes with favorable and durable antibacterial properties received more attention, because of avoiding repeated replacement of interventional materials and reducing patients’ pain. In this thesis, non-soluble antibacterial polyurethane (NAPU) based on cation antibacterial mechanism was prepared by photo-grafting chitosan azide and heparin azide into polyurethane (PU). –NH3
+ of chitosan azide absorbed bacteria, inhibiting and breaking their mobility and structures. Heparin azide prevented cations from penetrating bacteria’s membranes and inhibited their growth. The results showed that chitosan azide and heparin azide were successfully grafted into PU. The highest antibacterial rate was 92.07%, cytotoxicity grade ranging from 0–1 (RGR standard) and water contact angle exhibiting 60°, attributing to cation antibacterial effect and –OH existing. Tensile strength was up to 23.91 MPa and was suitable for using as medical materials. NAPU with long-lasting coating both possessed antibacterial properties and persistence, which can solve the problem of medical catheters’ long-term using.
Explainable AI based automated segmentation and multi-stage classification of gastroesophageal reflux using machine learning techniques
Authors: Maity Rudrani , Raja Sankari V M , U Snekhalatha , N A Rajesh , Salvador Anela L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Presently, close to two million patients globally succumb to gastrointestinal reflux diseases (GERD). Video endoscopy represents cutting-edge technology in medical imaging, facilitating the diagnosis of various gastrointestinal ailments including stomach ulcers, bleeding, and polyps. However, the abundance of images produced by medical video endoscopy necessitates significant time for doctors to analyze them thoroughly, posing a challenge for manual diagnosis. This challenge has spurred research into computer-aided techniques aimed at diagnosing the plethora of generated images swiftly and accurately. The novelty of the proposed methodology lies in the development of a system tailored for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases. The proposed work used an object detection method called Yolov5 for identifying abnormal region of interest and Deep LabV3+ for segmentation of abnormal regions in GERD. Further, the features are extracted from the segmented image and given as an input to the seven different machine learning classifiers and custom deep neural network model for multi-stage classification of GERD. The DeepLabV3+ attains an excellent segmentation accuracy of 95.2% and an F1 score of 93.3%. The custom dense neural network obtained a classification accuracy of 90.5%. Among the seven different machine learning classifiers, support vector machine (SVM) outperformed with classification accuracy of 87% compared to all other class outperformed combination of object detection, deep learning-based segmentation and machine learning classification enables the timely identification and surveillance of problems associated with GERD for healthcare providers.
Iterated-logarithm laws for convex hulls of random walks with drift
Authors: Cygan Wojciech , Sandrić Nikola , Šebek Stjepan , Wade Andrew 
Published: June 2024

We establish laws of the iterated logarithm for intrinsic volumes of the convex hull of many-step, multidimensional random walks whose increments have two moments and a non-zero drift. Analogous results in the case of zero drift, where the scaling is different, were obtained by Khoshnevisan [Probab. Theory Related Fields 93 (1992), pp. 377–392]. Our starting point is a version of Strassen’s functional law of the iterated logarithm for random walks with drift. For the special case of the area of a planar random walk with drift, we compute explicitly the constant in the iterated-logarithm law by solving an isoperimetric problem reminiscent of the classical Dido problem. For general intrinsic volumes and dimensions, our proof exploits a novel zero–one law for functionals of convex hulls of walks with drift, of some independent interest. As another application of our approach, we obtain iterated-logarithm laws for intrinsic volumes of the convex hull of the centre of mass (running average) process associated to the random walk.
Honesty and Democracy
Authors: Stitzlein Sarah M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter depicts struggles in recent democracy, spurred by the rise of populism and post-truth. It depicts how citizens increasingly struggle to engage in civic reasoning and arrive at good solutions to shared problems. It points out that schools have failed to sufficiently address the situation and rarely overtly teach honesty. It shows that while most scholars have responded to dramatic shifts in the use of truth through one of four lenses categorized by Sarit Barzilai and Clark Chinn, all four need to be considered and honesty needs to be foregrounded across them. The chapter provides an overview of the book and summarizes the importance of teaching honesty.
Teaching Honesty
Authors: Stitzlein Sarah M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter exposes significant shortcomings in current education, where honesty and truth are rarely discussed. Some commentators have argued that we need to fight post-truth by arming students with more facts and media literacy skills to enable them to sort out fact from fiction. This chapter argues that those approaches are often naive and shortsighted insofar as they do not develop more long-lasting commitments to or practices of honesty. Aiming to address that missing component in the development of good citizens, this chapter explains how a pragmatist might cultivate habits of honesty. Rather than a virtues- or character-based education for honesty, a habits approach reflects a deeply social understanding of democracy and provides civic, rather than primarily moral, motivations for being honest. This chapter describes how schools can nurture the disposition to be honest as students take up real and pressing problems in the world around them.
GasanalyzeR: advancing reproducible research using a new R package for photosynthesis data workflows
Authors: Tholen Danny 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The analysis of photosynthetic traits has become an integral part of plant (eco-)physiology. Many of these characteristics are not directly measured, but calculated from combinations of several, more direct, measurements. The calculations of such derived variables are based on underlying physical models and may use additional constants or assumed values. Commercially available gas-exchange instruments typically report such derived variables, but the available implementations use different definitions and assumptions. Moreover, no software is currently available to allow a fully scripted and reproducible workflow that includes importing data, pre-processing and recalculating derived quantities. The R package gasanalyzer aims to address these issues by providing methods to import data from different instruments, by translating photosynthetic variables to a standardized nomenclature, and by optionally recalculating derived quantities using standardized equations. In addition, the package facilitates performing sensitivity analyses on variables or assumptions used in the calculations to allow researchers to better assess the robustness of the results. The use of the package and how to perform sensitivity analyses are demonstrated using three different examples.
The function of the cytoplasmic dynein light chain PTKM23 in the transport of PTSMAD2 during spermatogenesis in Portunus trituberculatus
Authors: Xiang Qiu-Meng , Chang Le , Zhu Jun-Quan , Mu Chang-Kao , Wang Chun-Lin , Hou Cong-Cong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein participates in transport functions and is essential in spermatogenesis. KM23 belongs to the dynein light chain family. The TGFβ signaling pathway is indispensable in spermatogenesis, and Smad2 is an important member of this pathway. We cloned PTKM23 and PTSMAD2 from Portunus trituberculatus and measured their expression during spermatogenesis. PTKM23 may be related to cell division, acrosome formation, and nuclear remodeling, and PTSMAD2 may participate in regulating the expression of genes related to spermatogenesis. We assessed the localization of PTKM23 with PTDHC and α-tubulin, and the results suggested that PTKM23 functions in intracellular transport during spermatogenesis. We knocked down PTKM23 in vivo, and the expression of p53, B-CATAENIN and CYCLIN B decreased significantly, further suggesting a role of PTKM23 in transport and cell division. The localization of PTDIC with α-tubulin and that of PTSMAD2 with PTDHC changed after PTKM23 knockdown. We transfected PTKM23 and PTSMAD2 into HEK-293 T cells and verified their colocalization. These results indicate that PTKM23 is involved in the assembly of cytoplasmic dynein and microtubules during spermatogenesis and that PTKM23 mediates the participation of cytoplasmic dynein in the transport of PTSMAD2 during spermatogenesis.
Overview of the Multispecies Ovary Tissue Histology Electronic Repository
Authors: Watanabe Karen H , Dietrich Suzanne W , Ding Yian , Ma Wenli , Sluka James P , Zelinski Mary B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Multispecies Ovary Tissue Histology Electronic Repository (MOTHER) is a publicly accessible repository of ovary histology images. MOTHER includes hundreds of images from nonhuman primates, as well as ovary histology images from an expanding range of other species. Along with an image, MOTHER provides metadata about the image, and for selected species, follicle identification annotations. Ongoing work includes assisting scientists with contributing their histology images, creation of manual and automated (via machine learning) processing pipelines to identify and count ovarian follicles in different stages of development, and the incorporation of that data into the MOTHER database (MOTHER-DB). MOTHER will be a critical data repository storing and disseminating high-value histology images that are essential for research into ovarian function, fertility, and intra-species variability.