bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation, TNFα and endothelial dysfunction link lenalidomide to venous thrombosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Aue Georg , Nelson Lozier Jay , Tian Xin , Cullinane Ann M. , Soto Susan , Samsel Leigh , McCoy Philip , Wiestner Adrian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPatients receiving lenalidomide are at an increased risk for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Here, we prospectively investigated the DVT risk in patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with lenalidomide (n = 32). Five patients developed six incidents of DVT over 1 year for an annual incidence of 16%. Three of these were considered drug‐related. Median time to DVT was 105 days (range 56–259 days). No pulmonary embolism was detected. Hypercoagulability screen before study entry was negative in all patients who subsequently developed DVTs. Compared to normal volunteers CLL patients had increased baseline levels of D‐dimer, thrombin‐antithrombin, soluble vascular endothelial adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM‐1), and thrombomodulin (p < 0.001). After 1 week on lenalidomide D‐dimer, thrombomodulin, sVCAM‐1, factor VIII, TNFα, and C‐reactive protein were significantly increased while protein C was decreased (p < 0.001). In patients with lenalidomide‐related DVTs, TNFα, and sVCAM‐1 were more strongly upregulated than in all other patients (p < 0.05) and TNFα and sVCAM‐1 levels were significantly correlated (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). These data link lenalidomide associated DVTs with TNFα upregulation and endothelial cell dysfunction and suggest that aspirin may have a role for DVT prophylaxis in these patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency in an old‐order Amish cohort: Longitudinal risk and disease management
Authors: Rider Nicholas L. , Strauss Kevin A. , Brown Krysta , Finkenstedt Armin , Puffenberger Erik G. , Hendrickson Christine L. , Robinson Donna L. , Muenke Nikolas , Tselepis Chris , Saunders Lauren , Zoller Heinz , Morton D. Holmes 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPyruvate kinase deficiency is a chronic illness with age specific consequences. Newborns suffer life‐threatening hemolytic crisis and hyperbilirubinemia. Adults are at risk for infections because of asplenia, pregnancy‐related morbidity, and may suffer organ damage because of systemic iron overload. We describe 27 Old Order Amish patients (ages 8 months–52 years) homozygous for c.1436G>A mutations in PKLR. Each subject had a predictable neonatal course requiring packed red blood cell transfusions (30 ± 5 mL/kg) to control hemolytic disease and intensive phototherapy to prevent kernicterus. Hemochromatosis affected 29% (n = 4) of adult patients, who had inappropriately normal serum hepcidin (34.5 ± 12.7 ng/mL) and GDF‐15 (595 ± 335pg/mL) relative to hyperferritinemia (769 ± 595 mg/dL). A high prevalence of HFE gene mutations exists in this population and may contribute to iron‐related morbidity. Based on our observations, we present a strategy for long‐term management of pyruvate kinase deficiency. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional assessment of a promoter polymorphism in S100B, a putative risk variant for bipolar disorder
Authors: Dagdan Elif , Morris Derek W. , Campbell Matthew , Hill Matthew , Rothermundt Matthias , Kästner Florian , Hohoff Christa , von Eiff Christof , Krakowitzky Petra , Gill Michael , McKeon Patrick , Roche Siobhan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCalcium‐binding protein S100B has been implicated in the pathology of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and schizophrenia (SZ). S100B protein levels are elevated in serum of patients with both disorders compared to controls. We previously reported genetic association of a SNP in the promoter of S100B, rs3788266, with a psychotic form of BPAD. To test for genotypic effects of rs3788266 in vivo, S100B serum protein levels were measured in 350 Irish and German subjects of known S100B genotype. The functional effect of rs3788266 on S100B promoter activity was studied using the luciferase reporter system in U373MG glioblastoma and SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. Allelic effects of rs3788266 on protein complex formation at the S100B promoter were investigated by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Higher mean serum S100B levels were associated with the risk G allele of rs3788266 in BPAD cases (P = 0.0001), unaffected relatives of BPAD cases (P < 0.0001) and unrelated controls (P < 0.0001). Consistent with the in vivo findings, luciferase gene expression was significantly increased in the presence of the G allele compared to the A allele in SH‐SY5Y (P = <0.0001), and in U373MG (P = <0.0008) cell lines. The binding affinity of both SH‐SY5Y and U373MG protein complexes for the S100B promoter was significantly stronger in the presence of G allele compared to the A allele promoter fragments. These data support rs3788266 as a functional promoter variant in the S100B gene where the presence of the G allele promotes increased gene expression and is associated with increased serum levels of the protein. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hiding inequality beneath prosperity: Patterns of cranial injury in middle period San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile
Authors: Torres‐Rouff Christina 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe Middle Period in San Pedro de Atacama (AD 400–1000) stands out as a time of great prosperity that was, in part, associated with high levels of interaction with foreign polities, including the highland state of Tiwanaku. Although previous studies have demonstrated an increase in rates of violence during the subsequent Regional Developments Period (AD 1000–1400), this does not mean that the Middle Period was a time of peace and tranquility. Here, the prevalence of violence in four contemporary cemeteries is analyzed, exploring potential sources of conflict, including social inequality. Cranial trauma was documented through the presence, location, size, and state of healing of all wounds and was found in 14.7% of the sample (61/415; including two cases of perimortem trauma). Skeletal remains were also analyzed for demographic data to investigate differences in patterns of violence related to sex and age. Notably, most of the trauma centered on the anterior portion of the skull, suggesting the prominence of face‐to‐face confrontations that involved both sexes. Correlations between trauma and items in the mortuary assemblage that may have been associated with prestige or an elevated social standing in two cemeteries from the Solcor ayllu indicate that individuals from the more elite cemetery were subjected to significantly less traumatic injury. These data suggest that people did not share equally in the benefits of this period's affluence and that there were tensions in Atacameño society despite seemingly widespread prosperity. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relative efficacy of functional and developmental cranial modules for reconstructing global human population history
Authors: von Cramon‐Taubadel Noreen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study tests the relative efficacy of human cranial modules, defined on the basis of developmental and functional criteria, for reconstructing neutral genetic population history. Specifically, two hypotheses were tested: 1) The “basicranial hypothesis” predicts that the endochondrally ossifying basicranium will be more reliable for reconstructing population history than intramembranously ossifying regions of the human cranium. This is based on the assumption that early ossification of the basicranium and its distinct functional constraints produce a cranial structure that is relatively immune to non‐neutral evolutionary forces. 2) The “single function hypothesis” predicts that cranial regions associated with a single (sensory) function are less reliable indicators of neutral genetic history. Here the prediction is based on the logic that complex, multi‐functional, integrated cranial regions arelesslikely toexhibit homoplasy and, therefore, provide a more accurate morphological proxy for genetic relationships. The congruence between craniometric affinity matrices and neutral genetic population matrices based on autosomal microsatellite and classical markers was assessed using a series of Mantel and Dow‐Cheverud tests. The results did not support the predictions of the “basicranial hypothesis,” as the endochondrally ossifying basicranium was not significantly more congruent with the genetic data than intramembraneously ossifying modules. Moreover, although the results provided some support for the “single function hypothesis,” defining cranial modules on the basis of anatomical or functional complexity did not provide a consistent means of predicting their phylogenetic efficacy. These results have important implications for building an accurate inference model of cranial evolution in the human fossil record. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Evidence of Bartonella quintana infections in skeletons of a historical mass grave in Kassel, Germany
Authors: Grumbkow Philipp v. , Zipp Anna , Seidenberg Verena , Fehren‐Schmitz Lars , Kempf Volkhard A.J. , Groß Uwe , Hummel Susanne 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn 2008, a mass grave was found on the grounds of the University of Kassel, Germany. Historians hypothesized that the individuals died in a typhoid fever epidemic in winter 1813/14. To test this hypothesis, the bones were investigated on the presence of specific DNA of pathogens linked to the historical diagnosis oftyphoid fever. It was possible to prove the specific DNA of Bartonella quintana in three individuals, suggesting that their cause of death is linked to an epidemic background. Am J Phys Anthropol 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective evaluation of intraoperative computed tomography imaging for endoscopic sinonasal and skull‐base surgery
Authors: Batra Pete S. , Manes R. Peter , Ryan Matthew W. , Marple Bradley F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the clinical impact of intraoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging on endoscopic sinonasal and skull base procedures.Methods:A total of 49 patients were enrolled after informed consent from December 2009 to May 2010. Patients underwent intraoperative volume CT imaging (xCAT, Xoran Technologies, Ann Arbor, MI) at the conclusion of their proposed surgery.Results:The mean age was 48.6 years with male:female ratio of 1.3:1. Surgical procedures included revision or primary endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESS) (36), endoscopic benign or malignant tumor resection (10), endoscopic mucocele drainage (2), and endoscopic tumor biopsy (1). The mean Lund‐Mackay (L‐M) score was 10.6 (range 1‐21). The indications for intraoperative imaging included extent of paranasal sinus dissection in 38 (77.6%), extent of tumor resection in 11 (22.4%), adequacy of mucocele drainage in 3 (6.1%), and frontal stent position in 2 (4.1%) cases. Average acquisition time was 5.3 minutes. The CT acquisition quality was deemed excellent in 24 (49.0%), good in 15 (30.6%), fair in 5 (10.2%), and unattainable in 5 (10.2%) cases. Additional interventions were performed in 8 of 44 cases (18%) based on the intraoperative CT dataset. Analysis of predictive factors for additional intervention, including presence of polyps, presence of tumor, previous surgery, use of image guidance, and CT quality did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion:Intraoperative CT scanning may hold important utility in selected endoscopic sinonasal and skull base procedures with additional interventions being performed in 18% of cases. The present study was unable to identify specific factors that would preoperatively predict the need for intraoperative imaging. Future clinical trials should include a multi‐institutional design to better delineate these important variables. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Radiological localization of Schneiderian papilloma
Authors: Al Badaai Yahya , Chankowsky Jeffrey , Mah Melanie , Yammine Nadine , Samaha Mark 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:It has been recently reported that the site of attachment of Schneiderian papillomas can be predicted with high accuracy on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans using bony osteitic changes as an indicator. The objective of this study is to evaluate, in a blinded fashion, the reliability of the osteitis sign at predicting the site of attachment of Schneiderian papillomas.Methods:A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent endoscopic surgical resection for inverted papilloma (IP) or cylindrical papilloma between September 2002 and September 2009 in a tertiary care rhinology center was carried out. The preoperative sinus CT scans were collected and reviewed by a fellowship‐trained and experienced head and neck radiologist who was blinded to the intraoperative findings. The radiologist attempted to identify and grade bony osteitic changes in the sinuses. The radiological findings were then correlated with the actual site of attachment reported by the surgeon in the operative report.Results:A total of 34 patients were evaluated. Six (18%) patients had a single site of osteitis and 28 (82%) were found to have multiple sites of osteitis. The sensitivity and specificity of the radiological prediction based on the degree of osteitis was found to be 74% (46.5–90.3%) and 0% (0–17%), respectively. The predictive value of the radiological localization was 41%.Conclusion:Osteitic changes are very common nonspecific findings on CT scans of patients with Schneiderian papillomas. Their presence as well as the degree of osteitis did not allow preoperative localization of tumor attachment.
Dual‐fermion approach to non‐equilibrium strongly correlated problems
Authors: Jung C. , Lieder A. , Brener S. , Hafermann H. , Baxevanis B. , Chudnovskiy A. , Rubtsov A.N. , Katsnelson M.I. , Lichtenstein A.I. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present a generalization of the recently developed dual‐fermion approach introduced for correlated lattices to non‐equilibrium problems. In its local limit, the approach has been used to devise an efficient impurity solver, the superperturbation solver for the Anderson impurity model (AIM). Here we show that the general dual perturbation theory can be formulated on the Keldysh contour. Starting from a reference Hamiltonian system, in which the time‐dependent solution is found by exact diagonalization, we make a dual perturbation expansion in order to account for the relaxation effects from the fermionic bath. Simple test results for closed as well as open quantum systems in a fermionic bath are presented.
Pro und kontra Strömungsreaktoren in der Synthese
Authors: Hartman Ryan L. , McMullen Jonathan P. , Jensen Klavs F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn der chemischen und pharmazeutischen Industrie gibt es Bestrebungen, Produktionsverfahren – wo immer möglich – vom Batchbetrieb auf kontinuierliche Verfahren umzustellen. Diese Entwicklung hat Auswirkungen auf die Synthesechemie jeglicher Größenskala, vom Labormaßstab bis hin zu großtechnischen Anlagen. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die Vor‐ und Nachteile von Batch‐Reaktoren und Mikroströmungsreaktoren für die Durchführung chemischer Synthesen im Labor.
Mehrkomponentenreaktionen als Weg zu molekularer Komplexität und Diversität
Authors: Ruijter Eelco , Scheffelaar Rachel , Orru Romano V. A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMehrkomponentenreaktionen haben sich zu sehr populären Hilfsmitteln für die schnelle Erzeugung von Bibliotheken niedermolekularer organischer Verbindungen entwickelt. Um dabei auch genügend molekulare Diversität und Komplexität sicherzustellen, gibt es einen kontinuierlichen Bedarf an neuen Reaktionen. Auch wenn der Zufall immer eine wichtige Rolle in der Entdeckung neuer (Mehrkomponenten‐)Reaktionen gespielt hat, so ist die Bedeutung gezielter Entwicklungsstrategien im letzten Jahrzehnt beständig gestiegen. Hier präsentieren wir einen allgemeinen Überblick zu Strategien bei der Entwicklung neuer Mehrkomponentenreaktionen. Dabei werden Herausforderungen und Chancen für die Zukunft diskutiert.
Deciding Whether To Go with the Flow: Evaluating the Merits of Flow Reactors for Synthesis
Authors: Hartman Ryan L. , McMullen Jonathan P. , Jensen Klavs F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries are transforming how their products are manufactured, where economically favorable, from traditional batchwise processes to continuous flow. This evolution is impacting synthetic chemistry on all scales—from the laboratory to full production. This Review discusses the relative merits of batch and micro flow reactors for performing synthetic chemistry in the laboratory.
Thermal and mechanical behavior of unsaturated polyester [derived from poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste] and montmorillonite‐filled nanocomposites synthesized by in situ polymerization
Authors: Katoch Sunain , Kundu P. P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPostconsumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste bottles were glycolyzed as precursors of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and their montmorillonite (MMT)‐filled nanocomposites. The glycolysis product (hydroxyl‐terminated oligomers) was converted into UPR with various acid contents. These resins were miscible with styrene and could be cured with peroxide initiators to produce thermosetting unsaturated polyester (UP). Nanocomposites composed of UP matrix and organically modified clay were prepared by in situ polymerization. These were characterized for thermal and dynamic mechanical properties. Transmission electron microscopy was also used to study the morphology at different length scales and showed the nanocomposites to be compromised of a random dispersion of intercalated/exfoliated aggregates throughout the matrix. With an increase in unsaturated acid content (for a fixed content of clay), the value of storage modulus varied from 2737 to 4423 MPa. The glass‐transition temperatures of these nanocomposites ranged from 54 to 78°C, and the crosslink density varied from 3.70 × 105 to 5.72 × 105 mol/m3. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of modified MMT exhibited a peak that vanished completely in the polymer nanocomposites. Thus, the XRD results apparently indicated a distortion of the platy layers of nanofiller in the UP nanocomposites. The nanocomposites showed higher modulus values (2737–4423 MPa) compared to the pristine polymer (2693 MPa). From thermogravimetric analysis, all of the nanocomposites were stable up to 200°C and showed a two‐stage degradation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of ultrasound on the processability and mechanical properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)/talc composites
Authors: Wei Liangqiang , Li Jiang , Guo Shaoyun , Xin Minqi , Tian Ye , Zhang Fan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPoly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/talc composites were prepared through a single‐screw extruder in the absence or presence of ultrasonic irradiation. A special exit die, which could be regarded as a capillary, was attached to the extruder to measure the effect of ultrasound on the melting temperature and pressure. The experimental results show that with the introduction of ultrasound and with its increasing intensity, the processability of the composites was improved. The morphology of the composites was also investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that ultrasonic oscillations improved the dispersion of talc in PBT and, furthermore, increased the crystallinity of PBT. Therefore, the mechanical properties were promoted through ultrasonic extrusion but decreased once the ultrasonic intensity was higher than 200 (or 150) W. This deterioration of the mechanical properties was induced by the ultrasonic degradation of PBT. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) flat sheet membranes prepared in various ratios of water/ethanol for separator of li‐ion batteries: Morphology and other properties
Authors: Han Jun Young , Oh Hyun‐Hwan , Jun Choi Kyung , Min Byoung Ryul 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPVDF, poly(vinylidene fluoride), membranes were prepared and investigated by a scanning electron microscope, a universal testing machine, and capillary porometer for its potential use as a separator in lithium ion batteries. The membranes were prepared by phase inversion with different polymer types, concentrations of solution, amounts of additive, and nonsolvent ratios of water/ethanol. The morphology of membranes is affected by the ratio of both the coagulation bath (water/ethanol) and a low molecular weight additive (polymer/solvent/additive). The results showed that significant variations in the membrane were detected when adding an additive to the casting solution or ethanol to the coagulation bath. With an increased concentration of ethanol, the upper structure was found to be transformed into a sponge‐like arrangement. In the case of Solef®1015 of the same polymer concentration, despite the higher molecular weight of 1015, a relatively small sized nucleus is formed, resulting in a denser network and relatively uniform membrane structure being formed. Mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength of the PVDF membranes increased when added to a 25 wt % ethanol coagulation bath, whereas it is decreased when added to higher concentrations of ethanol in the bath or additives in the casting solution. In a bath condition of water/ethanol = 75/25 wt % (Bath no. 2), the value of tensile strength is 7.11 and 7.52 MPa, for Solef®6010 20 wt % and Solef®1015 17 wt %, respectively. The thickness of the prepared membrane is 21–34 μm and the porosity is up to 50%. The electrolyte absorption changes of the fabricated membranes at different conditions are measured from 151 to 223 ± 15%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Raman spectroscopic analysis of L‐phenylalanine and hydrolyzed eggwhite protein penetration into keratin fibers
Authors: Kuzuhara Akio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo investigate the penetration of amino acids and hydrolyzed protein derived from eggwhites (HEWP) into keratin fibers, the structure of cross‐sectional samples at various depths of virgin white human hair treated with L‐phenylalanine (Phe) and bleached black human hair treated with HEWP was directly analyzed without isolating the cuticle and cortex using Raman spectroscopy. The hydrophobic amino acids clearly penetrated into the virgin white human hair, while hydrophilic amino acids did not penetrate at all. The Phe hydrophobic amino acid content at various depths of the virgin white hair increased by performing the Phe treatment (at 50°C for 16 h), indicating that Phe deeply penetrated into the virgin human hair. Also, the disulfide (SS) and random coil contents at various depths of the bleached human hair increased by performing the HEWP treatment, indicating that HEWP also deeply penetrated into the bleached human hair. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011