bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desiccation Tolerance and Global Change: Implications for Tropical Bryophytes in Lowland Forests
Authors: Pardow Alexandra , Lakatos Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGlobal change puts an increasing pressure on tropical forests and their inherent diversity by the risk of longer droughts and drier microclimatic conditions within the forest. How organisms will respond is uncertain, especially for organisms highly depending on their microclimatic environment such as bryophytes. An adequate tolerance to desiccation is important to face these changes, however, little is known for tropical bryophytes. We investigated for the first time the desiccation tolerance of epiphytic bryophytes from contrasting microsites at the tropical lowland forest in French Guiana. Using chlorophyll‐fluorescence (Fv/Fm) as an indicator of recovery, we tested: (1) desiccation tolerance for short (3 d) and long (9 d) desiccation events; (2) different desiccation intensities; and (3) recovery by rehydration with water vapor. Species from the canopy were well adapted to desiccation events. Thirteen of 18 species maintained more than 75 percent of their photosynthetic capacity after recovery at the strongest desiccation treatment of 9 d at 43 percent relative humidity (RH). In contrast, species from the understory were sensitive and withstood desiccation only at humid conditions of 75 percent RH and higher. The photosystem of the studied bryophytes was reactivated efficiently in equilibration with water vapor only—a yet neglected phenomenon in bryology. A novel introduced desiccation tolerance index allows global comparison of desiccation tolerances and highlights the sensitivity of understory species. Our results suggest that decreasing humidity caused by climate change and forest degradation could be a concerning threat for understory species.
Loss of INI1 Protein Expression Defines a Subgroup of Aggressive Central Nervous System Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors
Authors: Miller Suzanne , Ward Jennifer H. , Rogers Hazel A. , Lowe James , Grundy Richard G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPediatric embryonal brain tumors can be difficult to classify. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) contain rhabdoid cells, while primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are composed of “small round blue cells.” Loss of INI1 is a common event in ATRT; therefore, we investigated if the loss of INI1 protein expression was also observed in central nervous system (CNS) PNET and pineoblastoma. A histological review of 42 CNS PNETs and six pineoblastomas was performed. INI1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Sequencing was performed on the mutational hotspots of INI1. INI1‐immunonegative tumors were further investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) protein expression was assessed in six CNS PNETs to further define the phenotype. Five CNS PNETs without rhabdoid cell morphology were immuno‐negative for both INI1 and EMA. Of these primary CNS PNET patients, three died <11 months postdiagnosis, which was dissimilar to the INI1‐immunopositive primary CNS PNETs where 18/24 (75%) patients were alive 1 year postdiagnosis. We have identified a small subgroup of CNS PNETs which lack INI1 protein expression, but have no evidence of rhabdoid cell morphology. INI1 protein loss may occur through mechanisms other than gene deletion. INI1 immunohistochemistry should be performed for all CNS PNET cases.
Validation of the Korean version of the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory as a screening measure to detect adolescents at ultra‐high risk for psychosis
Authors: Chung Young‐Chul , Kang Nam‐In , Im Yong‐Jin , Kim Sung‐Wan , Cho In Hee , Lee Young Moon , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim: No validated self‐report scale is available for use as a screening tool to detect non‐help‐seeking adolescents at ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis in a community setting. The study aims to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory (K‐ESI) for assessing adolescents at UHR for psychosis in a community setting.Methods: In the first study, to confirm the reliability and discriminant validity of the K‐ESI, community sample (782 adolescents, 281 young adults, 122 early and middle‐aged adults) and outpatients with schizophrenia (109) were recruited. A single cross‐sectional survey was performed using the K‐ESI for the community sample and the K‐ESI and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for patients. In the second study, the Korean version of Youth Self Report (K‐YSR) was administered initially to 1002 students. Of the 217 students whose scores were equal to or higher than the cut‐off point of the K‐YSR, 120 who agreed to an in‐depth evaluation were interviewed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States to confirm the predictive validity of the K‐ESI.Results: The K‐ESI showed good internal consistency and excellent test–retest reliability and discriminant validity. However, the factor structure in adolescents was substantially different from that of the original ESI. The best cut‐off point for the K‐ESI to identify UHR adolescents was 29, with a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 70%.Conclusion: The results revealed that the K‐ESI can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to identify adolescents at UHR for psychosis in a community setting.
Self‐Doubt
Authors: Braslow Matthew D. , Guerrettaz Jean , Arkin Robert M. , Oleson Kathryn C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe need for understanding serves as a theme throughout social and personality psychology. It is reflected in people’s striving toward a shared, social construction of reality (e.g., conformity, uniformity) that runs through so much of the history of theory and research in the field. Stemming from this core motivation, the literature is peppered with illustrations of the preeminence of certainty as a goal (e.g., clarity, consistency, consonance, and related constructs) and the ultimate objective of cultural consensus. Yet, the role of doubt in the form of shaky certainty about the basis for beliefs in attitudes – or doubts about one’s self‐esteem or self‐concept – has increasingly taken center stage. This review takes the self‐competence element (vs. self‐liking element) of self‐worth judgments as its focus and provides an integration of individual difference approaches and experimental investigations of self‐doubt. Long neglected, self‐doubt increasingly appears critical for understanding some of the surprising, ironic, and self‐defeating cognitive, emotional, and behavioral findings seen in the achievement realm.
An Initial Log Analysis of Usage Patterns on a Research Networking System
Authors: Boland Mary Regina , Trembowelski Sylvia , Bakken Suzanne , Weng Chunhua 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUsage data for research networking systems (RNSs) are valuable but generally unavailable for understanding scientific professionals’ information needs and online collaborator seeking behaviors. This study contributes a method for evaluating RNSs and initial usage knowledge of one RNS obtained from using this method. We designed a log for an institutional RNS, defined categories of users and tasks, and analyzed correlations between usage patterns and user and query types. Our results show that scientific professionals spend more time performing deep Web searching on RNSs than generic Google users and we also show that retrieving scientist profiles is faster on an RNS than on Google (3.5 seconds vs. 34.2 seconds) whereas organization‐specific browsing on a RNS takes longer than on Google (117.0 seconds vs. 34.2 seconds). Usage patterns vary by user role, e.g., faculty performed more informational queries than administrators, which implies role‐specific user support is needed for RNSs. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 340–347
Resistance to environmental stress requires the RNA chaperones CspC and CspE
Authors: Shenhar Yotam , Biran Dvora , Ron Eliora Z. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryStress response is essential for adaptation and for survival during environmental changes. A major factor in these responses is RpoS (σS), the master regulator of stationary phase and of the general stress response in Escherichia coli. RpoS is regulated by a complex network at several levels – transcription, translation and proteolysis. Previous studies indicated that rpoS transcripts are stabilized by overexpression of the cold shock proteins CspC and CspE. Here we demonstrate the importance of this transcript stabilization in the regulatory networks governing σS activity. We show that upon entry into stationary‐phase rpoS transcripts are stabilized and this stabilization is necessary for the increased activity of σS. The increase in rpoS transcript stability requires at least one of the cold shock proteins CspC and CspE. We also show that the cellular concentration of CspC – but not CspE – increases concurrently with the increase in rpoS transcript stability, probably accounting for this stabilization. These data expand previous data showing that upon heat shock there is a reduction in CspC levels, coupled to a reduced half‐life of heat shock gene transcripts. Taken together, it appears that CspC levels modulate transcript stability upon exposure to environmental stress while CspE acts as a ‘housekeeping RNA chaperone’ under general stress conditions.
Surgical treatment for portosystemic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis: Occlusion of portosystemic shunt in combination with splenectomy
Authors: Tashiro Hirotaka , Ide Kentaro , Amano Hironobu , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Onoe Takashi , Ishiyama Kohei , Kuroda Shintaro , Tazawa Hirofumi , Kono Hirotaka , Aikata Hiroshi , Takahashi Shoichi , Chayama Kazuaki , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: June 2012

Aim:  Operative ligation of the portosystemic shunt may control hepatic encephalopathy effectively, but the subsequent increase in portal vein pressure (PVP) leads to high mortality. Splenectomy can decrease inflow into the portal system, resulting in decreased portal pressure.Methods:  We retrospectively examined the effect of splenectomy in combination with shunt closure on portosystemic encephalopathy.Results:  Clinical symptoms of encephalopathy disappeared in all six patients who underwent splenectomy in combination with portosystemic shunt ligation, with the exception of one patient who had relapsing encephalopathy after 6 months. Follow‐up computed tomography showed complete obliteration of the portosystemic shunts, except in the one patient with relapsing encephalopathy who underwent balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for the remaining splenorenal shunt 8 months after surgery. PVP significantly decreased after splenectomy. PVP did not increase to the baseline PVP value after ligation of the shunts, except in two patients who had elevated PVP after surgery: PVP increased from 18 to 19 mmHg after ligation in one patient and from 18 to 23 mmHg in one patient.Conclusion:  Splenectomy followed by surgical ligation of the portosystemic shunt may be feasible and safe for cirrhotic patients with portosystemic shunts.
Mammary gland carcinoma in a dog with peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Jaillardon Laetitia , Barthélemy Anthony , Goy‐Thollot Isabelle , Pouzot‐Nevoret Céline , Fournel‐Fleury Corinne 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA 7‐year‐old female Leonberger dog was referred to the National Veterinary School of Lyon Teaching Hospital with a 2‐day history of anorexia and bleeding. A mammary mass had been removed 7 months earlier, but histologic examination was not performed. On physical examination, the dog was depressed and had pale mucous membranes and numerous petechiae and hematomas. Significant laboratory findings were moderate thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin, and thrombin times, hypofibrinogenemia, and increased concentration of fibrin(ogen) degradation products. A peripheral blood smear, buffy coat preparation, and bone marrow aspirate contained low numbers of large atypical cells that had moderate nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios, oval nuclei with multiple prominent nuclei, and basophilic cytoplasm with villous projections. A small nodule was found in the left inguinal mammary gland, and a fine‐needle aspirate contained cells similar to those in blood and bone marrow. In samples of blood, bone marrow, and the mammary mass, the neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratin. The diagnosis was mammary carcinoma with secondary disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow and circulating tumor cells in blood; this diagnosis was not confirmed by histopathologic examination. Owing to clinical deterioration and the poor prognosis, the dog was euthanized and a necropsy was not performed. This is the first report of a canine mammary carcinoma with circulating tumor cells and secondary DIC.
TRIBUTE TO BOB SHARPLES
Authors: SORABJI RICHARD 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBob Sharples joined me in London in a different college in 1973, and we worked closely together for 37 years until his untimely death at the age of 61. Our collaboration included innumerable research seminars, many teaching classes and publications and a very good number of conferences, with an emphasis on post-Aristotelian Philosophy. He became one of the world's leading experts on the school of Aristotle and the leading scholar in the English-speaking world on Aristotle's greatest interpreter and defender, Alexander of Aphrodisias. His characteristically generous messages to participants after seminars were an immense aid to everyone else's research. He taught not only in University College, London, where he became Professor and Head of the Department of Greek and Latin, but also in the Institute of Classical Studies, and for the Open University. His courage in bereavement and illness was remarkable, and his enormous bibliography, printed here, but excluding individual book reviews and posthumous forthcoming publications, is one sign of the indelible mark he has left on the subject.
Respect response to Dixon et al. (2012) ‘Perpetrator programmes for partner violence: Are they based on ideology or evidence?’
Authors: Debbonaire Thangam , Todd Jo 
Published: June 2012

Purpose. This article is a commentary on Dixon, Archer, & Graham‐Kevan's (2012) critique of the Respect position statement on gender, which concluded by calling for abandoning either Respect or the Respect accreditation system.Methods. The article starts by providing some factual information about Respect and about the accreditation system mentioned in Dixon et al. It then picks up on five specific aspects of the discussion: research notions, prevalence, homicide, the relevance of gender to work on intimate partner violence, and our work to support male victims.Results. Dixon et al. critique one document in order to call for the abandonment of a system of accreditation which is not connected to that document. Dixon et al. ignored other relevant research (such as that on partner homicide) and practice evidence that contradicts their assertions. This includes ignoring the existence of Respect's work with male victims, including running the male victims helpline.Conclusions. Respect work is informed by knowledge and experience from research and practice. There is substantial evidence from research to support the position statement on gender. The accreditation standard and system of accreditation was established before the position statement was written and is not included. Respect provides valuable services for male victims and for male and female perpetrators.
Variations of AbaR4-Type Resistance Islands in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from South Korea
Authors: Kim Dae Hun , Park Young Kyoung , Ko Kwan Soo 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

AbaR resistance islands in
Acinetobacter baumannii
isolates from South Korea were investigated. AbaR4-type resistance islands, including
bla
OXA-23
-containing Tn
2006
, interrupted the
comM
gene in
A. baumannii
ST75 isolates. However, Tn
2006
was not identified within AbaR resistance islands of ST138 isolates, although the
bla
OXA-23
gene was detected in them. The similar structures of resistance islands suggest that most carbapenem-resistant
A. baumannii
isolates in South Korea have originated from the same ancestor with a globally disseminated clone, GC II.
Insightful practice: a reliable measure for medical revalidation
Authors: Murphy Douglas J , Guthrie Bruce , Sullivan Frank M , Mercer Stewart W , Russell Andrew , Bruce David A 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundMedical revalidation decisions need to be reliable if they are to reassure on the quality and safety of professional practice. This study tested an innovative method in which general practitioners (GPs) were assessed on their reflection and response to a set of externally specified feedback.Setting and participants60 GPs and 12 GP appraisers in the Tayside region of Scotland, UK.MethodsA feedback dataset was specified as (1) GP-specific data collected by GPs themselves (patient and colleague opinion; open book self-evaluated knowledge test; complaints) and (2) Externally collected practice-level data provided to GPs (clinical quality and prescribing safety). GPs' perceptions of whether the feedback covered UK General Medical Council specified attributes of a ‘good doctor’ were examined using a mapping exercise. GPs' professionalism was examined in terms of appraiser assessment of GPs' level ofinsightful practice, defined as: engagement with, insight into and appropriate action on feedback data. The reliability of assessment ofinsightful practiceand subsequent recommendations on GPs' revalidation by face-to-face and anonymous assessors were investigated using Generalisability G-theory.Main outcome measuresCoverage of General Medical Council attributes by specified feedback and reliability of assessor recommendations on doctors' suitability for revalidation.ResultsFace-to-face assessment proved unreliable. Anonymous global assessment by three appraisers ofinsightful practicewas highly reliable (G=0.85), as were revalidation decisions using four anonymous assessors (G=0.83).ConclusionsUnlike face-to-face appraisal, anonymous assessment ofinsightful practiceoffers a valid and reliable method to decide GP revalidation. Further validity studies are needed.
Genetic diversity amongCurtobacterium flaccumfacienspv.flaccumfacienspopulations in the American High Plains
Authors: Agarkova I.V. , Lambrecht P.A. , Vidaver A.K. , Harveson R.M. 
Published: June 2012

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens is a Gram-positive bacterium and has reemerged as an incitant of bacterial wilt in common (dry, edible) beans in western Nebraska, eastern Colorado, and southeastern Wyoming. Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens is diverse phenotypically and genotypically and is represented by several different pathogen color variants. The population structure of 67 strains collected between 1957 and 2009, including some isolated from alternate hosts, was determined with 3 molecular typing techniques: amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All 3 typing techniques showed a great degree of population heterogeneity, but they were not congruent in cluster analysis of the C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens populations. Cluster analysis of a composite data set (AFLP, PFGE, and rep-PCR) using averages from all experiments yielded 2 distinct groups: cluster A included strains with colonies of yellow, orange, and pink pigments, and cluster B had strains of only yellow pigment. Strains producing purple extracellular pigment were assigned to both clusters. Thus, C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens is diverse phenotypically and genotypically.
Inequalities for the Polar Derivative of a Polynomial
Authors: Zireh Ahmad 
Published: June 2012

For a polynomial p(z) of degree n, we consider an operator Dα which map a polynomial p(z) into Dαp(z): = (α − z)p′(z) + np(z) with respect to α. It was proved by Liman et al. (2010) that if p(z) has no zeros in |z | < 1, then for all α, β ∈ ℂ with |α | ≥ 1, | β | ≤ 1 and |z | = 1, |zDαp(z) + nβ((|α | − 1)/2)p(z)|≤(n/2){[|α + β((|α | − 1)/2)|+|z + β((|α | − 1)/2)|]max|z|=1 | p(z)|−[|α + β((|α | − 1)/2)|−|z + β((|α | − 1)/2)|]min|z|=1 | p(z)|}. In this paper we extend the above inequality for the polynomials having no zeros in |z | < k, where k ≤ 1. Our result generalizes certain well‐known polynomial inequalities.
Stent Thrombosis With Everolimus-Eluting Stents
Authors: Palmerini Tullio , Kirtane Ajay J. , Serruys Patrick W. , Smits Pieter C. , Kedhi Elvin , Kereiakes Dean , Sangiorgi Diego , Reggiani Letizia Bacchi , Kaiser Christoph , Kim Hyo-Soo , De Waha Antoinette , Ribichini Flavio , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: June 2012

Background—
Some but not all studies have reported reduced rates of stent thrombosis (ST) with everolimus-eluting stents (EES) compared with other drug-eluting stents (DES). All of these studies were insufficiently powered to reliably detect differences in ST. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the risk of 2-year definite ST between EES and other DES.

Methods and Results—

Randomized controlled trials comparing EES versus other DES were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and proceedings of international meetings. Information on study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample characteristics, and clinical outcomes was extracted. Eleven randomized controlled trials (16 775 patients) were analyzed, including 5 trials (n=7113) of EES versus paclitaxel-eluting stents, 5 trials (n=7370) of EES versus sirolimus-eluting stents, and 1 trial (n=2292) of EES versus zotarolimus-eluting stents. By 2 years definite ST with EES compared with pooled DES occurred in 0.5% versus 1.3% patients, respectively (relative risk, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.24–0.59;
P
<0.0001). Similar results were observed when the broader definition of definite/probable ST was considered (relative risk, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.33–0.66;
P
<0.0001). EES compared with other DES reduced the relative risk of early ST (within 30 days), late ST (31 days to 1 year), cumulative 1-year ST, and very late ST (1–2 years). The reduced rate of definite ST observed with EES was consistent across all DES comparators with no interactions apparent during any time interval.

Conclusions—
EES compared with a pooled group of paclitaxel-eluting stents, sirolimus-eluting stents, and zotarolimus-eluting stents is associated with a significant reduction of definite ST, an effect that appears early and increases in magnitude through at least 2 years.