bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal volume assessment in temporal lobe epilepsy: How good is automated segmentation?
Authors: Pardoe Heath R. , Pell Gaby S. , Abbott David F. , Jackson Graeme D. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryPurpose:  Quantitative measurement of hippocampal volume using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable tool for detection and lateralization of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE). We compare two automated hippocampal volume methodologies and manual hippocampal volumetry to determine which technique is most sensitive for the detection of hippocampal atrophy in mTLE.Methods:  We acquired a three‐dimensional (3D) volumetric sequence in 10 patients with left‐lateralized mTLE and 10 age‐matched controls. Hippocampal volumes were measured manually, and using the software packages Freesurfer and FSL‐FIRST. The sensitivities of the techniques were compared by determining the effect size for average volume reduction in patients with mTLE compared to controls. The volumes and spatial overlap of the automated and manual segmentations were also compared.Results:  Significant volume reduction in affected hippocampi in mTLE compared to controls was detected by manual hippocampal volume measurement (p < 0.01, effect size 33.2%), Freesurfer (p < 0.01, effect size 20.8%), and FSL‐FIRST (p < 0.01, effect size 13.6%) after correction for brain volume. Freesurfer correlated reasonably (r = 0.74, p << 0.01) with this manual segmentation and FSL‐FIRST relatively poorly (r = 0.47, p << 0.01). The spatial overlap between manual and automated segmentation was reduced in affected hippocampi, suggesting the accuracy of automated segmentation is reduced in pathologic brains.Discussion:  Expert manual hippocampal volumetry is more sensitive than both automated methods for the detection of hippocampal atrophy associated with mTLE. In our study Freesurfer was the most sensitive to hippocampal atrophy in mTLE and could be used if expert manual segmentation is not available.
Ictal apnea linked to contralateral spread of temporal lobe seizures: Intracranial EEG recordings in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Seyal Masud , Bateman Lisa M. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryPurpose:  Respiratory mechanisms are implicated in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). We previously demonstrated a high incidence of ictal hypoxemia in temporal lobe seizures. We now report on the temporal relationship between ictal apnea and seizure onset and spread in patients undergoing video‐EEG (electroencephalography) telemetry (VET) with intracranial electrodes.Methods:  Ten patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) undergoing VET were studied. Data from synchronously recorded digital pulse oximetry (SaO2), end‐tidal CO2 (ETCO2), nasal airflow, abdominal excursions, and electrocardiography were obtained.Results:  Sixty‐one seizures were captured. SaO2 in the ictal/postictal period was available for 52 seizures, apnea onset times for 27 seizures, and ETCO2 for 16 seizures. Apneas occurred only when seizures spread to the contralateral temporal lobe. The mean delay to apnea onset was significantly shorter after contralateral seizure spread (2.87 s) than after seizure onset (58.4 s); p < 0.001. The mean SaO2 nadir with partial seizures or partial seizures prior to secondary generalization was 89.4 ± 8.6% (91.5, 69–100). Following generalized convulsions the mean oxygen saturation nadir was 75.8 ± 10.6% (78.5, 58–90). ETCO2 elevations occurred with each ictal desaturation below 85%.Conclusions:  There is a close temporal relationship between spread of seizures to the contralateral hemisphere and the onset of seizure‐associated apnea. Apnea onsets are more tightly linked to time of contralateral spread than to time of seizure onset. Patients with TLE in whom there is evidence of contralateral seizure spread may be at higher risk for ictal‐related respiratory dysfunction than those in whom seizures remain unilateral.
Effect of Light‐Emitting Diode (LED) Curing Modes on Resin/Dentin Bond Strength
Authors: Fahmy Nadia , Naguib Hanan , Guindy Jylan El 
Published: August 2009

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effect of three curing modes of a high‐powered curing‐light source on the shear bond strength and marginal gap of light‐ and dual‐cured adhesive resin cements to dentin. Materials and Methods: Twelve freshly extracted intact human mandibular molars were selected for this study and stored in the saline solution. Three of the axial surfaces of the teeth were prepared to obtain flat dentinal surfaces. Thirty‐six ceramic disks (4‐mm diameter, 2‐ mm thick) were constructed from a pressable glass‐ceramic (Vision). The discs were etched with hydrofluoric acid and primed, and then divided into two equal groups, groups I and II (n = 18 each). Two adhesive systems were used following manufacturer's instructions. The discs of group I were bonded to the conditioned dentin surface using adhesive resin (Rely X Veneer), and group II discs were bonded to dentin using Rely X ARC. For each group, the resin was cured using three modes (fast, ramp, pulse). Interfacial gap at the dentin/resin interface was measured at eight predetermined sites for each specimen using a stereomicroscope, and shear bond strength of the bonded specimens was carried out using a universal testing machine. Results: Ramp‐cured specimens recorded significantly higher mean shear bond strengths for both dual‐ and light‐polymerized resins than those with fast and pulse modes. Moreover, fewer interfacial gaps were found at the resin/dentin interface in association with ramp cure modes of both resins. Most failures were adhesive failures at the dentin–resin luting agent (RLA) interface in specimens polymerized using high‐powered LED fast or pulse modes, while a cohesive failure pattern within the resin was associated with the ramp‐curing mode. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the shear bond strength of an RLA to dentin was found to be enhanced with light‐ or dual‐polymerized adhesive resin using an LED light in ramp mode, whereas shear bond strength was significantly lower when polymerized using LED in fast or pulse modes.
Palatal Anchorage for the Retention of Interim Removable Prostheses
Authors: Ambard Alberto J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a technique that involves the use of palatal implants to retain a maxillary interim prosthesis when extensive bone graft procedures are performed. The rationale is that some bone graft procedures require the removal of the denture flanges for graft success. Once the denture flanges are removed, the denture loses all its retention capabilities, making this lengthy interim phase difficult for the patient. While the use of palatal implants has been documented extensively, limited information is available to describe the use of palatal implants for prosthetic reasons.
Comments on John Geanakoplos's “The Ideal Inflation‐Indexed Bond and Irving Fisher's Impatience Theory of Interest with Overlapping Generations”
Authors: Shiller Robert J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract  A comment on the article by John Geanakoplos in this volume.It is refreshing to hear an account of Irving Fisher's views on risk and indexation juxtaposed with an account of our modern concerns with the same issues. It is interesting for me to hear this, partly since it shows that many of the issues we worry about today were concerns 70 or more years ago, and thus perhaps that these issues are indeed as deep and fundamental as we now think they are. But I found this history‐of‐thought presentation most interesting because it clarifies, by starting with simple notions that were on Irving Fisher's mind and moving forward, some of the critical issues concerning the innovations of indexation and Social Security reform.
University Leaders and the Public Agenda: Talking About Women and Diversity in STEM Fields
Authors: Hopewell Lindsey , McNeely Connie L. , Kuiler Erik W. , Hahm Jong‐on 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe undertake an investigation of public statements and pronouncements from leaders at various universities to gain insight into institutional values and environments relative to women and their participation and advancement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and other disciplinary fields. Employing content analysis techniques to focus on terminological use and keyword interdependencies in these speeches, our findings indicate that, while gender equality is addressed as a separate topic in its own right, university leaders raise issues of gender in the context of STEM participation primarily in conjunction only with other topics. As expected, the data also support arguments suggesting diversity in general as an important goal espoused in the rhetoric of university representatives. Questions remain, however, concerning whether these speeches presage concrete institutional commitments and responses relative to the achievement of diversity, gender equality, and gender equity in the STEM professoriate.
Differential cytokine expression by human dendritic cells in response to different Porphyromonas gingivalis capsular serotypes
Authors: Vernal Rolando , León Rubén , Silva Augusto , Van Winkelhoff Arie J. , Garcia‐Sanz Jose A. , Sanz Mariano 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAim: Capsular polysaccharides play an important role in the virulence of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. In Porphyromonas gingivalis, six serotypes have been described based on capsular antigenicity and its pathogenicity has been correlated both in vitro and in animal models. This study aimed to investigate the differential response of human dendritic cells (DCs) when stimulated with different P. gingivalis capsular serotypes.Materials and Methods: Using different multiplicity of infection (MOI) of the encapsulated strains K1–K6 and the non‐encapsulated K− strain of P. gingivalis, the mRNA expression levels for interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐13, interferon (IFN)‐γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and TNF‐β in stimulated DCs were quantified by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.Results: All P. gingivalis capsular serotypes induced a T‐helper type 1 (Th1) pattern of cytokine expression. K1‐ and K2‐stimulated DCs expressed higher levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12p35, IL‐12p40, and IFN‐γ and at lower MOI than DCs stimulated with the other strains.Conclusions: These results demonstrate a differential potential of P. gingivalis capsular serotypes to induce DC responses and a higher capacity of strains K1 W83 and K2 HG184 than other K serotypes to trigger cytokine expression.
Pioneer vegetation on glacier forelands in southern Norway: emerging communities?
Authors: Robbins Jane A. , Matthews John A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractQuestion: How variable is the pioneer plant community on glacier forelands in southern Norway, both in terms of species composition and geographical distribution?Location: The Jotunheim and Jostedalsbreen regions of southern Norway (61°‐62°N, 6°‐9°E).Methods: The relative frequencies of vascular plant species were recorded in the pioneer zones of 43 glacier forelands, with an altitudinal range of 80‐1860 m (boreal to high alpine) and an east‐west range of 100 km. Classification and ordination techniques were used to search for evidence of consistently recurring communities, variability along a continuum or stochasticity.Results: Mean variability in species composition between all glacier forelands sampled was 65% (Sørensen dissimilarity). Poa alpina, Oxyria digyna, Deschampsia alpina and Festuca ovina had the highest frequency, occurring on over 80% of forelands. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling did not reveal clear divisions between groups of sites, but cluster analysis, multi‐response permutation procedures and indicator species analysis suggested two sub‐communities: the Saxifraga cespitosa‐Trisetum spicatum sub‐community is restricted to forelands above 1100 m in the Jotunheim region; whereas the D. alpina‐O. digyna sub‐community has a wider altitudinal range of 80‐1780 m. Variance partitioning indicated that altitude alone accounts for 24%, distance east for 18%, and the component shared by altitude and distance east for 17% of the variance in species composition.Conclusions: At the broadest scale, pioneer vegetation on the glacier forelands can be viewed as a single P. alpina‐O. digyna community of predominantly wind‐ and water‐dispersed perennials. However, this community shows a high degree of variability, with dominant species missing from a number of sites, and is poorly structured, suggesting a degree of stochasticity. Furthermore, the pioneer vegetation can be dissected within a continuum of variation to produce two emerging sub‐communities, reflecting the influence of environmental factors and, possibly, early successional development within the pioneer zone. Variance partitioning indicates that altitudinal and continentality gradients are important in accounting for a significant proportion of the variability within this dataset.
Benedict XVI, Human Dignity, and Absolute Moral Norms
Authors: Kirchhoffer David G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPope Benedict XVI often uses the concept of the dignity of the human person in his discourse. This article firstly attempts to present a synthesis of Benedict XVI's understanding of human dignity. The result is a multidimensional understanding of human dignity based on the belief that the human person is created in the image of God. Human dignity is constituted by the given-ness of human existence, the capacities inherent in being human—freedom, reason, love and community—and the telos of human existence, namely, spiritual union with God and the practical realisation of a peaceful and mutually edifying human coexistence. Based on this understanding of human dignity, Benedict XVI develops a normative morality. The second part of this article asks whether interpretations of this normative morality that would claim that some of these norms are absolute moral norms are in fact correct. Particular attention is paid to the apparent equation or reduction of human dignity to the dignity of life. The conclusion is, though it is possible to read Benedict XVI's normative morality as advocating absolute moral norms, such an interpretation would be usually incorrect in light of Benedict XVI's more comprehensive understanding of human dignity.
The Sacramental Consummation of the Moral Life According to St. Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Harmon Thomas P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper shows the theological vision of Aquinas’ moral theology by exploring the intimate connectedness of his moral thought in the prima secundae of the Summa theologiae with his sacramental theology and Christology in the tertia pars. While some have disputed the theological and Christological character of Aquinas’ moral thought, both the structural presentation of the Summa and the key role grace plays in his treatment of the moral life point to the importance of the sacraments, which, empowered by the Holy Spirit, communicate the grace of Christ's Passion to men, who by themselves cannot act to attain their end in God because of God's infinity and man's sinfulness. The paper proceeds by exploring Aquinas’ moral writings on man's end, habits and human action, and law and grace to a discussion of why man needs a savior. The paper then discusses the Passion of Christ the savior and its function in forgiving sin and opening the way to the infinite God in heaven for finite men, and concludes with a discussion of the importance of the Sacraments in the moral life as the instruments through which the effects of Christ's Passion are transmitted to men.
A Note on Scripture in the Summa theologiae
Authors: Levering Matthew 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBeginning with the question of whether Aquinas's Summa theologiae inevitably distorts the meaning of biblical texts by removing them from their narrative context, this essay suggests that one way to think about Aquinas's use of Scripture in the Summa theologiae is to read together, as an ensemble, the biblical texts that he cites when treating a particular theme. Focusing on his first four questions on the virtue of faith (ST II-II, qq. 1–4), I argue that Aquinas's selection of biblical texts from across the canonical Scriptures enables him to provide a nuanced biblical perspective on a particular theme even without finding it necessary to quote Scripture in every article. I seek to bring to light the way that the various biblical texts in the question—whose functions within the articles are widely diverse, from providing the hinge for a responsio to framing a minor objection–complement and echo one another.
Liturgy in the Broadest Sense
Authors: Lloyd Vincent 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTheologians interested in postmodernism and contemporary culture have recently turned to liturgy as a resource. However, these scholars often overlook the rich tradition of philosophically and theologically sophisticated reflection on liturgy of the past few decades. The result is that essential features of liturgy are overlooked. These features include the authoritative nature of liturgy for theology, and the impossibility of fully expressing the content of liturgy in propositional theology. By turning to the work of liturgical theologians, including Alexander Schmemann, Aidan Kavanagh, and Geoffrey Wainwright, I suggest that the attempt to grapple with contemporary issues by appealing to liturgy will always be compromised unless liturgy is understood in a modest, not broad, sense. I argue that recent work by Catherine Pickstock and William Cavanaugh, among others, ignores the authoritative nature of liturgy. These recent enthusiasts of liturgy promote a ‘liturgical culture’, but in the process their work takes away what makes liturgy most potent.
Central nervous system congenital anomalies: A prospective neurosurgical observational study from Nigeria
Authors: Adeleye Amos Olufemi , Olowookere Kayode Gabriel 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThis is a prospective observational study on the profile of central nervous system (CNS) anomalies in a neurosurgical unit in Ikeja, Nigeria. All cases of CNS anomalies seen by the authors in 1 year, January to December 2005, were analyzed. Descriptive variables include some demographics of the patients and their parents; profiles of CNS anomalies, cranial or spinal, neural tube defects (NTD) or others; presence of associated anomalies; and rate of surgical correction of these anomalies. Sixty‐one cases were recorded, approximately 64% of our total pediatric neurosurgical output. Forty‐one cases were males, 20 females, with a male to female ratio of approximately 2 to 1. The age at presentation ranged from 2 days to 60 months (mean 5.6 months) and the majority of the parents were young (the mean ages of the fathers and mothers were 35 years and 28 years, respectively), and low income earners (70%). The cases comprised cranial (61%) and spinal (39%) anomalies, or 54% of NTD versus others. The cranial lesions were mainly congenital primary hydrocephalus in 44% of cases, encephalocele in 28%, and microcephaly in 17%. The spinal lesions were spinal dysraphism in more than 90%; all in the lumbosacral region. Seventy percent of the NTD had associated cranial or other system anomalies, mainly secondary hydrocephalus in 65%. The surgical correction rate of all of these cases was 38%. NTD were significantly more likely to present early, be associated with other anomalies and undergo surgical correction in this series (P < 0.001). CNS congenital anomalies are under‐reported in Nigeria and other developing countries. A call is made for the establishment of nationwide efforts to fully clarify the epidemiology of this silent epidemic.
Cytomegalovirus‐associated acute hydramnios treated by amniocentesis and maternal indomethacin
Authors: Suzumori Nobuhiro , Hattori Yukio , Kaneko Saori , Suzuki Yoshikatsu , Sugiura‐Ogasawara Mayumi 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTA 22‐year‐old pregnant woman noticed a rapid increase of abdominal growth, uterine tenderness and irregular contraction, for which she hospitalized at 25 weeks of gestation. An ultrasound examination demonstrated a single fetus with normal anatomy and massive hydramnios. Serial therapeutic amniocentesis was performed for relief of maternal symptoms and indomethacin compress was initiated. Both the maternal and amniotic fluid IgM were positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV). Maternal compress indomethacin was discontinued at 32 weeks. Cesarean section was performed due to fetal distress at 34 weeks of gestation. A female infant was delivered and the neonatal examination was within normal limits with urine culture positive for CMV. At 1 year of age the child was developing normally with normal hearing and no clinical sequelae of intrauterine CMV infection. We postulate that serial and large volume reduction of amniotic fluid by amniocentesis and compress indomethacin in our case interrupted the natural course and provided sufficient time for the fetus to recover from the acute phase of viral infection.
Early embryonic losses in mice induced by diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Nagao Tetsuji , Yoshimura Shinsuke 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTEstrogens cause embryonic lethality and the disturbance of early placental development in mice. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) at 1, 10, or 100 µg/kg was orally administered to Institute of Cancer Research mice on gestational days (GD) 4 through 8, and the uterus and placenta were examined histopathologically on GD 9. Decidua of DES‐treated mice showed insufficient development, and the uterine lumen at the implantation site did not effectively minimize. The trophoblast giant cell layer was not separated from the uterine lumen by the decidua capsularis, and hemorrhage from the denuded trophoblast giant cell layer into the uterine lumen was noted at the peripheral part of the decidua basalis. The results of the present study suggest that decidual hypoplasia and subsequent placental hemorrhage causes fetal death due to the administration of DES during the early stage of pregnancy.
When the prairie varies: the importance of site characteristics for strategising insect conservation
Authors: LOONEY CHRIS , CALDWELL BENJAMIN T. , EIGENBRODE SANFORD D. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract.  1. The bunchgrass prairies of the Palouse region in eastern Washington state and adjacent Idaho have been mostly converted to agriculture in the past century. Prairie habitat currently exists only on small remnants scattered across the landscape.2. The invertebrate fauna of these habitat remnants is poorly known, both in terms of species diversity and community composition.3. Baited pitfall traps were used to sample carrion‐attracted beetles during June and July of 2003 from high‐quality prairie remnants of varying size and soil characteristics.4. Twenty‐three beetle species in five families were found. Species richness and Shannon‐Wiener diversity were not significantly correlated with habitat area or perimeter–area ratio.5. Beetle abundance and community structure were strongly correlated with soil characteristics. Deeper, loessal soils had greater overall beetle abundance than shallower, rocky soils, although some species were more frequently captured in shallower, rocky soil sites.6. Conservation plans emphasising only remnant size and condition do not sufficiently capture variability in insect communities across Palouse prairie remnants.