bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tag‐free fluorometric aptasensor for detection of chromium(VI) in foods via SYBR Green I signal amplification and aptamer structure transition
Authors: Zhu Jiangxiong , Yin Hao , Zheng Sisi , Yu Hong , Yang Linnan , Wang Lumei , Geng Xueqing , Deng Yun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn response to growing concerns regarding heavy metal contamination in food, particularly chromium (Cr)(VI) contamination, this study presented a simple, sensitive and practical method for Cr(VI) detection.RESULTSA magnetic separation‐based capture–exponential enrichment ligand system evolution (SELEX) method was used to identify and characterize DNA aptamers with a high affinity for Cr(VI). An aptamer, Cr‐15, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 4.42 ± 0.44 μmol L−1 was obtained after only eight rounds of selection. Further innovative methods combining molecular docking, dynamic simulation and thermodynamic analysis revealed that CrO42− could bind to the 19th and 20th guanine bases of Cr‐15 via hydrogen bonds. Crucially, a label‐free fluorometric aptasensor based on SYBR Green I was successfully constructed to detect CrO42−, achieving a linear detection range of 60–300 nmol L−1 with a lower limit of detection of 44.31 nmol L−1. Additionally, this aptasensor was able to quantitatively detect CrO42− in grapes and broccoli within 40 min, with spike recovery rates ranging from 89.22% to 108.05%. The designed fluorometric aptasensor exhibited high selectivity and could detect CrO42− in real samples without sample processing or target pre‐enrichment.CONCLUSIONThe aptasensor demonstrated its potential as a reliable tool for monitoring Cr(VI) contamination in fruit and vegetable products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Spring black bear harvest and predation pressure on moose calves in a multi‐predator system
Authors: Moore Seth A. , Wolf Tiffany M. , Severud William J. , Isaac E. J. , Chenaux‐Ibrahim Yvette M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe moose (Alces alces; mooz in Anishinaabemowin, Ojibwe language will follow scientific names) is a vital subsistence food source to Anishinabe people of the midwestern United States and has recently declined in Minnesota, USA, with poor calf survival as a contributing factor. Predation is the primary cause of moose calf mortality and we explored whether calf predation rates could be reduced through management of a single predator in a multi‐predator system. Thus, we examined predation rates and causes of calf mortality before (2013–2015) and during (2016–2018) implementation of a spring black bear (Ursus americanus; makwa) harvest season, using baits to attract black bears, on the Grand Portage Indian Reservation, Minnesota, where black bears and gray wolves (Canis lupus; ma'iinganag) are the primary predators of moose calves. We validated our early study findings for the 5 years following the initial study with intermittent spring bear hunting seasons, from 2019–2023. The spring bear hunt was canceled because of a pandemic lockdown in 2020, resumed 2021, and was closed in 2022 and 2023. Black bear harvest prior to adding a spring bear hunting season was 0.038 bears harvested/km2 from 2012–2015, whereas after initiating a spring hunting season (2016–2018) it was 17% higher at 0.046 bears/km2. We observed significantly lower bear predation (by 68%) in association with spring bear management and no compensatory change in the level of wolf predation. The validation years strengthened our findings that spring bear hunting seasons reduce moose calf predation rates, with an overall 68% lower proportion of bear predation on moose calves in the years when spring bear hunts were held. Mean proportion of calf predation attributed to bears was 4.9 times higher (30% vs. 6%) in the years when a spring bear hunt was not held. Despite an increasing wolf density during the study period, we did not observe a compensatory increase in wolf predation during spring bear hunt years. The results of this work suggest that the addition of a spring bear hunt, during a time when moose calves are most vulnerable to bear predation, has the potential to increase moose calf survival even in the presence of wolves.
Pick's Disease Presenting as Tremulous Parkinsonism with Limited Levodopa Response—A Rare Cause of Corticobasal Syndrome
Authors: Bhattacharjee Shakya , Scotton William , Djoukhadar Ibrahim , Davidson Yvonne S. , Minshull James , Robinson Andrew C. , Roncaroli Federico , Kobylecki Christopher 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCorticobasal syndrome is a clinical diagnosis and common pathological causes are corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease.ObjectivesWe would like to highlight a rare but important differential of corticobasal syndrome.MethodsA 78‐year‐old female had a 4‐year history of predominantly right‐hand rest tremor, worsening of handwriting but no change in cognition. The clinical examination showed right upper limb postural and kinetic tremor, mild wrist rigidity and reduced amplitude of right‐sided finger tapping. She was initially diagnosed as idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Five years after onset of symptoms, she demonstrated bilateral myoclonic jerks and right upper limb dystonic posturing. She could not copy movements with the right hand. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed disproportionate atrophy in the parietal lobes bilaterally. The clinical diagnosis was changed to probable corticobasal syndrome. She passed away 11 years from onset of symptoms at the age of 85 years. She underwent a post‐mortem.ResultsThe anterior and posterior frontal cortex, anterior cingulate, temporal neocortex, hippocampus and amygdaloid complex demonstrated considerable tau‐related pathology consisting of a dense background of neuropil threads, and rounded, paranuclear neuronal inclusions consistent with Pick bodies. The immunostaining for three microtubule binding domain repeats (3R) tau performed on sections from the frontal and temporal lobes, basal ganglia and midbrain highlighted several inclusions whilst no 4R tau was observed. She was finally diagnosed with Pick's disease.ConclusionsPick's disease can rarely present with clinical features of corticobasal syndrome.
Fundraising through poverty porn: Ethical concerns
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud Abdulai , Nang Daniel Yennube 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the ethical dilemma in using poverty porn as a means of fundraising by non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) in Ghana. The paper focuses on the ethical concerns from NGOs' perspective as they engage in charitable work to help reduce poverty in society. The study sought to answer the research questions using a qualitative approach by studying some selected NGOs in Ghana, West Africa. In‐depth interviews were used to solicit responses from management members in charge of fundraising in 22 NGOs. The data were analyzed using thematic textual analysis (TTA). From the findings, it became evident that NGOs in their use of poverty porn believed the practice is a better alternative to raise more donations. They feel that the good side of the practice, which is supporting the needy, is more important and outweighs any counterarguments. They believed the end justifies the means. To the best of the researchers' knowledge, this is one of few studies that attempt to focus on the ethical concerns of poverty porn by NGOs.
Treegraph: tree architecture from terrestrial laser scanning point clouds
Authors: Yang Wanxin , Wilkes Phil , Vicari Matheus B. , Hand Kate , Calders Kim , Disney Mathias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurate quantification of tree architecture is critical to interpreting the growth, health and functioning of trees and forests. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) offers millimetre‐level point cloud data, but current approaches to 3D tree reconstruction from TLS point clouds primarily focus on retrieving total volume at tree scale for aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation. Few methods have been designed specifically to provide tree architectural properties, including branch‐level morphology and topology, rather than AGB; derived topological traits have tended to be a compromise, and of secondary importance to volume. We present Treegraph, a new approach explicitly designed to retrieve the architectural traits of trees at multiple scales, from the whole tree scale down to individual branches and internodes, using TLS data with limited assumptions about tree form. It provides morphological traits such as branch length and diameter, alongside topological traits including parent–daughter connections of branches and internodes, furcation (branching) number and branch order. We compare Treegraph‐derived morphological and topological traits with manual measurements of branches from eight destructively harvested trees, yielding RMSE values of 0.60 m (5.96%) for branch length, 2.99 cm (33.45%) for branch diameter, 0.46 (19.38%) for furcation number and 0.08 m (33.16%) for internode length, respectively. In a broader application to 603 trees from tropical, temperate and urban forests, we demonstrate that the derived morphological and topological traits support testing of structure‐related metabolic scaling theories. Testing branches over 10 cm in diameter across 18 657 branching nodes shows that Treegraph‐derived branch‐level scaling exponents deviate from WBE predictions, exhibiting area‐preserving behaviour while displaying asymmetry in length and diameter of daughter branches. Available as open‐source Python software, Treegraph provides fine‐level branching network information, promoting improved insights into tree structure and function. This data‐driven approach reduces the need for empirical heuristic parameters, which has the potential for advancing large‐scale ecological studies on tree architecture.
Increased habitat availability as revealed by LiDAR contributes to the tropicalization of a subtropical butterfly community
Authors: Ledger Martha J. , Li Qiaosi , Ling Yuet Fung , Jones Emily E. , Lee Kit W. K. , Wu Jin , Bonebrake Timothy C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpecies redistribution through climate change remains a global problem. However, factors such as habitat availability can complicate the attribution of species distribution shifts. We used habitat metrics derived from repeated airborne LiDAR surveys in 2010 to 2020 to examine the underlying causes for the establishment of new butterfly species in Hong Kong. For six species newly arrived since 2000, we built species distribution models using the Random Forest algorithm based on LiDAR data from 2020 to characterize species' preferred habitats across the region. Through hindcasting, we applied the model to LiDAR data from 2010 to observe any changes in the availability of preferred habitat. We found widespread vertical forest growth across Hong Kong and increased probability of occurrence based on increased habitat availability for all six species. The underlying habitat drivers, however, varied significantly across species; two species (Lethe chandica, Notocrypta paralysos) were associated with closed forest while two other species (Prosotas dubiosa, Prosotas nora) were associated with urbanicity. Our results highlight how changes in habitat can occur concurrently with climatic change and together drive the redistribution of biodiversity. Particularly for vertically complex tropical forests, airborne LiDAR data can be leveraged to observe changes in habitat complexity and how these relate to shifts in species distributions.
A Nanocrystalline ZSM‐5 for the Catalytic Cracking of Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Liu Haoyu , Zhang Guoliang , Yuan Hong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA series of hierarchical ZSM‐5 nanocrystalline aggregates (HNZ‐5) was synthesized using a hydrothermal method with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide as a structural guide. The HNZ‐5 samples having different Si/Al molar ratios all showed suitable hierarchical architectures and the maximum surface area was found to be 329 m2/g. The SEM image displayed the width of the individual crystal particles was ~100 nm, and its nanocrystalline clusters generated intercrystalline pores. Temperature‐programmed desorption with NH3 indicated that the total acidity of this material increased with increases in the Al3+ content to a maximum of 0.47 mmol/g at a Si/Al ratio of 15. In addition, 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed that the acid sites were associated with tetrahedral and octahedral Al sites. This HNZ‐5 was applied to the catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil model compound and gave a light olefin yield as high as 43.9 % at 550 °C. Extending the reaction time to 6000 min provided a yield of light olefins in excess of 30 %, which was higher than that achieved using traditional ZSM‐5. These data confirmed that the hierarchical pore structure of HNZ‐5 resulting from the self‐assembly of nanocrystals, together with exposed acidic sites, promoted the catalytic conversion of large molecules.
Exploring the Biomolecular and Cytotoxic Activities of Novel Rhenium(I) Compounds with 2‐Aminoguanidine‐Derived Schiff Bases
Authors: Mapapiro Tariro , Davison Candace , Mambanda Allen , de la Mare Jo‐Anne , Booysen Irvin Noel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis and characterization of the novel 2‐aminoguanidine‐derived Schiff base rhenium(I) compounds: fac‐[Re(CO)3(Hguabs)Br]Br (1) (Hguabs ⋅ Cl=2‐((benzothiazole)methyleneamino)guanidine chloride) and fac‐[Re(CO)3(guaquin)Br] (2) (guaquin=2‐((quinolin‐2‐yl)methyleneamino)guanidine).
Design, Preparation, and Interfacial Adhesion of Polystyrene‐Based Luminophore Elastomers Based on Bionic Strategy
Authors: Hou Pingping , Zhao Chunbao , Hu Mengxin , Zhang Jun , Liu Jiqi , Qian Zheng , Ran Qianping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA series of rigid polystyrene‐based photoelastomers, named sty‐PM‐x, with bionic catechol pendants were synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and deprotection techniques. These polymers were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, photophysical properties of the polymers were investigated using UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile tests, while interfacial adhesion was determined through cross‐cut tests. Experimental results reveal that photoelastomers, sty‐PM‐x, exhibit excellent photophysical properties, stretchability, and interfacial adhesion. This discovery provides a new perspective for the preparation of stretchable organic electroluminescent materials.
Highly Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling of N‐Tosyl Aryltriazenes with Diarylborons for Access to Biaryls
Authors: Zhang Shuqin , Cao Jun , Zou Gang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA highly efficient Suzuki coupling of N‐tosyl aryltriazenes with diarylborinic acids or potassium diaryldifluoroborinates is reported under weak basic conditions in aqueous DME or dioxane, respectively. The shelf‐stable and easy‐to‐stoichiometry diaryldifluoroborinates displayed reactivities comparable to the corresponding diarylborinic acids. Scope and limitations of the protocol have been investigated, showing large electronic and steric effects from aryltriazenes. Utility of potassium diaryldifluoroborinates in the Suzuki coupling with activated aryltriazenes provides a cost‐effective and operationally practical access to biaryls from anilines.
Filter‐Free UV Photodetectors Based on Unipolar Barrier Van der Waals α‐In2Se3/h‐BN Heterostructures
Authors: Yan Shan , Yang Jia , Cai Yuchen , Wang Yanrong , Li Shuhui , Zhan Xueying , Wang Feng , He Jun , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVisible‐blind ultraviolet (UV) light detection has a wide application range in scenes like space environment monitoring and medical imaging. To realize miniaturized UV detectors with high performance and high integration ability, new device structures without bulky light filters need to be developed based on advanced mechanisms. Here the unipolar barrier van der Waals heterostructure (UB‐vdWH) photodetector is reported that realizes filter‐free visible‐blind UV detection with good stability, robustness, selectivity, and high detection performance. The UB‐vdWH shows a responsivity of 2452 A W−1, a photo on‐off ratio of 2.94 × 105 and a detectivity of 1.26 × 1015 Jones as a UV detector, owing to the intentionally designed barrier height that suppresses dark current and photoresponse to visible light during the transport process. The good performance remains intact during 104 test cycles or even under high temperatures, which proves the stability, and robustness of the UB‐vdWH, thus shows the huge potential for a wider application range.
Introduction: Environments and Interspaces
Authors: Angelaki Vicky 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe research project “Performing Interspaces: Social Fluidities in Contemporary Theatre”, whose primary output is this monograph, began as an imperative to account for spaces that are awkward, evade attention, or, when they receive it, rarely do so because they produce feelings of desirability, warmth, or contentment. These spaces are sometimes fixed and others mobile, but always, in a sense, fluid: brimming with potential and emergence, also due to their temporal contingency. They are transient and correlational: formulated by and dependent upon intimate and intricate ecologies, human and non-human, that cluster together to challenge the orthodoxy of other spaces that might be dominant, and structurally sound. This is the kind of site we might describe, like the system to which it belongs and whose patterns it performs and perpetuates, as robust; inflexible. Interspaces, on the contrary, are not definite and rigid—they are tentative, exposed; and they generate this effect for their inhabitants, that may be human or non-human.
The Transient: Palindromic Nomadisms and Invisible Transports
Authors: Angelaki Vicky 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter focuses on spaces that are also entities unto themselves, but, in this case, without having a rooted position. This concerns vehicles as both means and site, tracing how transit may not necessarily imply mobility as a desirable condition, but as one that is at best a strategy of distraction, as in providing a form of narrative and rhythm to otherwise scattered lives, or, at worst, a mode of exploitation, functioning as the catalyst of victimisation and oppression, as in human trafficking. In this section, then, we contemplate the human, in varying degrees of agency, passivity, or captivity. The case studies are: Clare Bayley’s The Container (2007 (2009)), Cora Bissett and Stef Smith’s Roadkill (2010 (2012)) and Rachel De-lahay’s Circles (2014).
Organization philosophy: a study of organizational goodness in the age of human and artificial intelligence collaboration
Authors: Horaguchi Haruo H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study challenges the conventional boundaries of philosophy by asserting that organizations can function as legitimate subjects within philosophical discourse. Western philosophy, epitomized by Descartes, has long assumed that individual human beings are the fundamental units of thought and moral agency. However, in a significant oversight, this belief overlooks the idea that organizations can think independently, leading to both virtuous and malevolent results. Epistemology lacks a clear prioritization of morally sound knowledge over potentially harmful knowledge. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has also transformed the landscape of cognition from a primarily individual human endeavor into a joint undertaking where humans collaborate with AI entities in collective thinking and decision-making. Nevertheless, AI lacks the innate ability to discern between ethical and unethical actions. This symbiosis creates organizations as fundamental philosophical subjects, marking a significant shift in philosophical emphasis where the organization takes the center stage. Accordingly, within this emerging field, we advance four propositions as the core subjects of organization philosophy: organizations can think, organizations can create knowledge, AI can be part of an organization, and humans in the organization control moral discipline. These propositions guide the ethical coexistence of AI and human agents in organizations, emphasizing the importance of ethical deliberation in knowledge use. Moreover, the malicious use of profound knowledge hinders human progress, as illustrated in this study by an ethical examination of military institutions within organization philosophy.
A comparative machinability analysis of aged and freshly manufactured epoxy resins through orthogonal machining experiments
Authors: Geier Norbert , Poór Dániel István 
Published: June 2024

AbstractApplications of thermoset epoxy resins in load-bearing fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are decisive, mainly due to their excellent material properties, low viscosity before hardening and good adhesion with the reinforcing fibres. Although numerous experiences on the machinability of FRPs have been published, these experiences can be only indirectly adapted to pure epoxy resins. Reflecting on the lack of knowledge on the machinability of epoxy resins, the main aim of the present study is to compare the machinability of aged and freshly manufactured epoxy resins. Half of the epoxy specimens were naturally aged in a continental climate environment for a year, while the other half was manufactured prior to the orthogonal machining experiments. The experiments were conducted in a dry condition in a Kondia B640 machining centre. The cutting speed and the uncut chip thickness were varied systematically. The cutting force was measured by a KISTLER 9257B dynamometer, and the machined surfaces were characterised by a Mitutoyo SJ400 surface tester and a Keyence VR-5000 3D profilometer. The experimental results prove that the aged epoxy degraded significantly; thus, the specific cutting force is significantly smaller than that of freshly manufactured epoxy. However, the surface quality was not significantly influenced by the polymer degradation.