bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De la protección laboral a la vulnerabilidad social. Reformas neoliberales en la Argentina
Authors: NOVICK Marta , LENGYEL Miguel , SARABIA Marianela 
Published: November 2009

Resumen.Los autores analizan el conjunto de reformas neoliberales instrumentado en la Argentina durante la década de 1990, poniendo el énfasis en las políticas laborales, sus consecuencias sobre la dinámica del mercado de trabajo y el bienestar de los hogares. Para dar una mirada integral al período trazan una versión sucinta de las estrategias llevadas a cabo tanto en la etapa anterior de sustitución de importaciones como con posterioridad al estallido de la crisis política, económica y social de 2001–2002, que constituyó el punto de inflexión para la emergencia de un nuevo conjunto de políticas económicas y sociales caracterizado por un fuerte intento de articulación y de inclusión social a través del empleo.
Flexibilización sociolaboral. Lo que aprendió el Brasil en los años noventa
Authors: POCHMANN Marcio 
Published: November 2009

Resumen.La trayectoria sociolaboral que recorrió el Brasil entre los decenios de 1930 y de 1970 dio un viraje a raíz de la crisis de la deuda de 1981–1983. Empezó a desmantelarse entonces el sistema de protección social y laboral construido durante esos cincuenta años al calor de la expansión urbana e industrial y del trabajo asalariado. Pero las políticas de corte neoliberal adoptadas no aportaron el dinamismo económico necesario, pues se agravaron el desempleo y la precariedad laboral. Desde finales de 2002 ha comenzado el abandono progresivo del proyecto de sociedad neoliberal.
El modelo social chileno comienza a cambiar
Authors: RIESCO Manuel 
Published: November 2009

Resumen.El Estado modernizó el modelo social chileno siguiendo dos estrategias: el desarrollismo (1924–1973) y el llamado «Consenso de Washington» (1973–2008). Durante el primer período, el Estado impulsa las políticas sociales universales y la reforma agraria, aparte de construir la infraestructura económica e institucional. Tras el golpe de 1973 se desmantelan servicios públicos y se reprime el movimiento laboral. El rumbo se modera tras el fin de la dictadura en 1990, pero perdura la resistencia a la regulación estatal y el desequilibrio en perjuicio del trabajador. El modelo está cambiando ahora debido a la democratización y a la crisis mundial.
Una reforma híbrida. La política social y laboral en el Uruguay de 1985 a 2008
Authors: ALEGRE Pablo , FILGUEIRA Fernando 
Published: November 2009

Resumen.Desde que el Uruguay retorna a la democracia en 1985 se transforma radicalmente el país. Hay adaptaciones por defecto al nuevo entorno internacional y reformas en favor del libre mercado, aunque los cambios son muy heterogéneos en ritmo y contenido. A diferencia de otros países en la región, el Uruguay no sigue una ruta de reforma nítidamente neoliberal, sino un camino híbrido. Al final del período nos encontramos con un régimen laboral liberalizado y un edificio social de tres pisos en donde conviven el mercado, el viejo Estado social corporativo y el nuevo Estado social con beneficiarios muy delimitados.
Dental hygienists’ work environment: motivating, facilitating, but also trying
Authors: Candell A , Engström M 
Published: November 2009

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 8, 2010; 204–212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00420.x Candell A, Engström M. Dental hygienists’ work environment: motivating, facilitating, but also tryingAbstract:  The aim of the present study was to describe dental hygienists’ experiences of their physical and psychosocial work environment. The study was descriptive in design and used a qualitative approach. Eleven dental hygienists participated in the study and data were collected during spring 2008 using semi‐structured interviews. The material was analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results showed that the dental hygienists experienced their work environment as motivating and facilitating, but at the same time as trying. The three categories revealed a theme: Being controlled in a modern environment characterized by good relationships. Motivating factors were the good relationship with co‐workers, managers and patients, seeing the results of your work, having your own responsibility and making your own decisions. The new, pleasant and modern clinics, good cooperation between co‐workers and varying duties were described as facilitating factors. The trying factors, as described by the dental hygienists, were above all being controlled by time limits or by some elements of the work, such as teamwork. The dental hygienists also felt stress because appointments were too‐short. To conclude, the participants described their work environment as trying in several ways, despite the modern clinics and good relationships.
AWMF‐Leitlinie Nr. 013/066 Diagnostik und Therapie der zirkumskripten Sklerodermie
Authors: Kreuter Alexander , Krieg Thomas , Worm Margitta , Wenzel Jörg , Gambichler Thilo , Kuhn Annegret , Aberer Elisabeth , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin , Hunzelmann Nicolas 
Published: November 2009

SummaryLocalized scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease with primary affection of the skin, and occasional involvement of the fat tissue, muscle, fascia, and bone. Depending on the clinical subtype, the spectrum of skin lesions ranges from singular plaque lesions to severe generalized or linear subtypes which may lead to movement restrictions and permanent disability. This German S1‐guideline proposes a classification of localized scleroderma that, considering the extent and depth of fibrosis, distinguishes limited, generalized, linear, and deep forms of localized scleroderma, together with its associated subtypes. The guideline includes a description of the pathogenesis, of differential diagnoses, and particular aspects of juvenile localized scleroderma, as well as recommendations for histopathologic, serologic, and biometric diagnostic procedures. Based on studies of topical and systemic treatments as well as phototherapy for localized scleroderma published in international literature, a treatment algorithm was developed which takes account of the different subtypes and the extent of disease.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α blocks differentiation of malignant gliomas
Authors: Lu Huimin , Li Yan , Shu Minfeng , Tang Jianjun , Huang Yijun , Zhou Yuxi , Liang Yingjie , Yan Guangmei 
Published: November 2009

Aberrant differentiation is a characteristic feature of neoplastic transformation, while hypoxia in solid tumors is believed to be linked to aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. However, the possible relationship between hypoxia and differentiation in malignancies remains poorly defined. Here we show that rat C6 and primary human malignant glioma cells can be induced to differentiate into astrocytes by the well‐known adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. However, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α expression stimulated by the hypoxia mimetics cobalt chloride or deferoxamine blocks this differentiation and this effectiveness is reversible upon withdrawal of the hypoxia mimetics. Importantly, knockdown of hypoxia inducible factor‐1α by RNA interference restores the differentiation capabilities of the cells, even in the presence of cobalt chloride, whereas stabilization of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α through retarded ubiquitination by von Hippel‐Lindau tumor suppressor gene silence abrogates the induced differentiation. Moreover, targeting of HIF‐1 using chetomin, a disrupter of HIF‐1 binding to its transcriptional co‐activator CREB‐binding protein (CBP)/p300, abolishes the differentiation‐inhibitory effect of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α. Administration of chetomin in combination with forskolin significantly suppresses malignant glioma growth in an in vivo xenograft model. Analysis of 95 human glioma tissues revealed an increase of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α protein expression with progressing tumor grade. Taken together, these findings suggest a key signal transduction pathway involving hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α that contributes to a differentiation defect in malignant gliomas and sheds new light on the differentiation therapy of solid tumors by targeting hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7292117: CBP (uniprotkb:Q6JHU9) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Hif1a (uniprotkb:O35800) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
Influence of Materials on Teacher Adoption of Abstinence‐Only‐ Until‐Marriage Programs
Authors: Wilson Kelly L. , Wiley David C. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Given the growing scientific evidence against abstinence‐only‐until‐marriage education, health educators are supporting an evidence‐based approach to teaching sexuality education. However, there is still an abundance of federal support and funding streams allocated to sustain abstinence‐only programs. This study assessed indicators that influence the adoption of abstinence‐only‐until‐marriage education as well as school teachers' likelihood of adopting such programs.METHODS: Predictors included relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, and observability and were assessed with a self‐administered, validated questionnaire. Additional questions were asked related to demographics, professional history, and abstinence‐only‐until‐marriage education policies and funding. The relationships were tested with multiple regression analysis.RESULTS: A trend became apparent in which most teachers would allow a state‐ or federally funded program to be offered and presented in their schools, but most did not know if their school received funding to support abstinence‐only‐until‐marriage education. Attendance at religious services, complexity of abstinence‐only‐until‐marriage programs, and abstinence‐only‐until‐marriage curriculum emerged as important predictors of the likelihood to adopt abstinence education.CONCLUSIONS: Trends in political agendas, policy development, and state and federal funding have supported abstinence‐only‐until‐marriage education programs. In order to ensure an understanding about the inclusion of sexuality education in the classroom, insight into the teacher's role in the integration of sexuality education in the classroom is important.
Improving the Mental Health, Healthy Lifestyle Choices, and Physical Health of Hispanic Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Melnyk Bernadette M. , Jacobson Diana , Kelly Stephanie , O'Haver Judith , Small Leigh , Mays Mary Z. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Obesity and mental health disorders are 2 major public health problems in American adolescents, with prevalence even higher in Hispanic teens. Despite the rapidly increasing incidence and adverse health outcomes associated with overweight and mental health problems, very few intervention studies have been conducted with adolescents to improve both their healthy lifestyles and mental health outcomes. Even fewer studies have been conducted with Hispanic youth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of the COPE (Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment) Healthy Lifestyles TEEN (Thinking, Emotions, Exercise, and Nutrition) program, a manualized educational and cognitive behavioral skills‐building program, on Hispanic adolescents' healthy lifestyle choices as well as mental and physical health outcomes.METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled pilot study was conducted with 19 Hispanic adolescents enrolled in 2 health classes in a southwestern high school. One class received COPE and the other received an attention control program.RESULTS: Adolescents in the COPE program increased their healthy lifestyle choices and reported a decrease in depressive and anxiety symptoms from baseline to postintervention follow‐up. A subset of 7 overweight adolescents in the COPE program had a decrease in triglycerides and an increase in high‐density lipoproteins. In addition, these overweight adolescents reported increases in healthy lifestyle beliefs and nutrition knowledge along with a decrease in depressive symptoms.CONCLUSION: The COPE TEEN program is a promising school‐based strategy for improving both physical and mental health outcomes in adolescents.
Body Weight Perception, Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors, and Suicidal Ideation Among Korean Adolescents
Authors: Kim Dong‐Sik , Cho Youngtae , Cho Sung‐Il , Lim In‐Sook 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: This study examined the mediating function of body weight perception (BWP) in the relation between body mass index (BMI) and unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs; eg, fasting, using diet pills, or laxatives), and between BMI and suicidal ideation. It also explored the correlation between exposure to multiple UWCBs and suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents.METHODS: Data on BMI, BWP, UWCBs, and suicidal ideation were obtained from the 2006 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web‐based Survey, a school‐based survey conducted on a nationally representative sample of students in grades 7–12 (36,463 boys and 33,433 girls). Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS: BMI was significantly associated with both UWCB and suicidal ideation among boys and girls, even after controlling for covariates. However, the significance and magnitude of the association between BMI and UWCB were considerably attenuated when BWP was added to the model. When BWP was included, the association between overweight BMI status and suicidal ideation became nonsignificant in both sexes, whereas the association between underweight BMI status and suicidal ideation remained significant among boys. Adolescent boys and girls engaging in multiple UWCBs were at greater risk for experiencing suicidal thoughts.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that BWP represents a potential mediator between BMI and UWCB, and between BMI and suicidal ideation among both boys and girls. Thus, school programs addressing issues related to BWP should be developed and targeted at adolescents to reduce the potential risks for both UWCB and suicidal behavior.
Inventory Versus Checklist Approach to Assess Middle School à la Carte Food Availability*
Authors: Hearst Mary O. , Lytle Leslie A. , Pasch Keryn E. , Heitzler Carrie D. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The purpose of this research is to evaluate 2 methods of assessing foods available on school à la carte lines for schools' ability to assess the proportion of foods that are healthful options.METHODS: This observational study used data collected at 38 middle schools, October 2006‐May 2007. An inventory method was used to collect detailed information of items available on each school's à la carte line, followed by a simplified checklist form. Using the detailed inventory method, the proportion of items meeting the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) nutrition standards for foods available at each school was calculated. From the checklists, we calculated the proportion of categories representing more healthful foods. Schools were independently ranked according to the percentage of items meeting the IOM criteria, (inventory data) and the percentage of food categories considered “healthy” (checklist data). Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare school rankings.RESULTS: The inventory and checklist approaches showed a good level of agreement when both methods were independently used to rank the level of healthy foods available on à la carte (Wilcoxon rank sum = 32.5, p = .62).CONCLUSION: For purposes of ranking schools along a continuum of “healthfulness of foods on à la carte lines,” especially when resources are limited, a checklist approach appears to be satisfactory. This method may also be useful to school stakeholders needing an inexpensive à la carte assessment tool.
Experiences with advance care planning: nurses’ perspective
Authors: Jeong Sarah Yeun‐Sim , Higgins Isabel , McMillan Margaret 
Published: November 2009

jeong s.y.‐s., higgins i. & mcmillan m. (2011) Experiences with advance care planning: nurses’ perspective. International Journal of Older People Nursing 6, 165–175doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2009.00200.xAims and objectives.  The aim of this paper is to report the findings of a case study that explored the phenomenon of advanced care planning and advance care directives in residential care settings in Australia. In particular, this paper focuses on the experiences of Registered Nurses with advanced care planning and advance care directives.Background.  Nurses need to know how to engage with residents and families when they invest time and effort on advanced care planning and documentation of advance care directives.Methods.  A case‐study design involving participant observation, field note recording, semi structured interviews and document analysis was used. Data were collected over 7 months. Data analysis involved thematic content analysis.Findings.  The factors that enhanced and inhibited the experiences of the Registered Nurses with advanced care planning were identified. The enhancing factors include; ‘it is their essence of who they are’, and ‘back‐up from family members and other nursing staff’. The inhibiting factors are ‘lack of time’, ‘a culture of do everything and don’t go there’, and ‘lack of family involvement’.Conclusion.  The findings of the current study provided nurses with evidence of the positive nature of experiences of older people, family members, and nurses themselves with advanced care planning in an attempt to better implement and practise advanced care planning.
The Role of N‐Terminal Pro‐Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Echocardiography for Screening Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction in a Population at High Risk for Heart Failure: The PROBE‐HF Study
Authors: Tepper David , Harris Scott , Ip Randy 
Published: November 2009

Abstract. Background.  Screening for asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (ALVD) in patients at risk for heart failure (HF) can affect clinical management. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro‐BNP) in the diagnosis of ALVD in patients with hypertension and diabetes from primary care.Methods and Results.  A total of 1012 patients with hypertension and/or diabetes and no symptoms or signs of HF were assessed by NT‐pro‐BNP assay and echocardiography. Diastolic dysfunction was present in 368 of 1012 patients (36.4%): 327 (32.4%) with mild diastolic dysfunction and 41 (4%) with a moderate to severe diastolic dysfunction. Systolic dysfunction was present in 11 of 1012 patients (1.1%). NT‐pro‐BNP levels were 170±206 and 859±661 pg/mL, respectively, in diastolic and systolic dysfunction and 92±169 in healthy patients (P<.0001). Pooling moderate to severe diastolic with systolic dysfunction, a total of 52 patients (5.1%) were obtained: the best cutoff of NT‐pro‐BNP was 125 pg/mL (men younger than 67 years: sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 92.7%; negative predictive value [NPV], 99.5%; positive predictive value [PPV], 33.3%; women younger than 67 years: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 84.1%; NPV, 100%; PPV, 33.3%; men 67 years or older: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 77.1%; NPV, 100%; PPV, 32.5%; women 67 years or older: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 59.9%; NPV, 100%; PPV, 23%).Conclusions.  The prevalence of ALVD in patients at risk for HF is 5.1%. Because of its excellent NPV, NT‐pro‐BNP assessment can be used by general practitioners to rule out ALVD in hypertensive or diabetic patients.—Betti I, Castelli G, Barchielli A, et al. The role of N‐terminal Pro‐brain natriuretic peptide and echocardiography for screening asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in a population at high risk for heart failure. The PROBE‐HF study. J Card Fail. 2009;15:377–384.
Laccase‐catalysed polymeric dye synthesis from plant‐derived phenols for potential application in hair dyeing: Enzymatic colourations driven by homo‐ or hetero‐polymer synthesis
Authors: Jeon Jong‐Rok , Kim Eun‐Ju , Murugesan Kumarasamy , Park Hyo‐Keun , Kim Young‐Mo , Kwon Jung‐Hee , Kim Wang‐Gi , Lee Ji‐Yeon , Chang Yoon‐Seok 
Published: November 2009

SummaryLaccase efficiently catalyses polymerization of phenolic compounds. However, knowledge on applications of polymers synthesized in this manner remains scarce. Here, the potential of laccase‐catalysed polymerization of natural phenols to form products useful in hair dyeing was investigated. All 15 tested phenols yielded coloured products after laccase treatment and colour diversity was attained by using mixtures of two phenolic monomers. After exploring colour differentiation pattern of 120 different reactions with statistical regression analysis, three monomer combinations, namely gallic acid and syringic acid, catechin and catechol, and ferulic acid and syringic acid, giving rise to brown, black, and red materials, respectively, were further characterized because such colours are commercially important for grey hair dyeing. Selected polymers could strongly absorb visible light and their hydrodynamic sizes ranged from 100 to 400 nm. Analyses of enzyme kinetic constants, liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) coupled with collision‐induced dissociation MS/MS indicate that both monomers in reactions involving catechin and catechol, and ferulic acid and syringic acid, are coloured by heteropolymer synthesis, but the gallic acid/syringic acid combination is based on homopolymer mixture formation. Comparison of colour parameters from these three reactions with those of corresponding artificial homopolymer mixtures also supported the idea that laccase may catalyse either hetero‐ or homo‐polymer synthesis. We finally used selected materials to dye grey hair. Each material coloured hair appropriately and the dyeing showed excellent resistance to conventional shampooing. Our study indicates that laccase‐catalysed polymerization of natural phenols is applicable to the development of new cosmetic pigments.
Pleurotus ostreatus manganese‐dependent peroxidase silencing impairs decolourization of Orange II
Authors: Salame Tomer M. , Yarden Oded , Hadar Yitzhak 
Published: November 2009

SummaryDecolourization of azo dyes by Pleurotus ostreatus, a white‐rot fungus capable of lignin depolymerization and mineralization, is related to the ligninolytic activity of enzymes produced by this fungus. The capacity of P. ostreatus to decolourize the azo dye Orange II (OII) was dependent and positively co‐linear to Mn2+ concentration in the medium, and thus attributed to Mn2+‐dependent peroxidase (MnP) activity. Based on the ongoing P. ostreatus genome deciphering project we identified at least nine genes encoding for MnP gene family members (mnp1–9), of which only four (mnp1–4) were previously known. Relative real‐time PCR quantification analysis confirmed that all the nine genes are transcribed, and that Mn2+ amendment results in a drastic increase in the transcript levels of the predominantly expressed MnP genes (mnp3 and mnp9), while decreasing versatile peroxidase gene transcription (mnp4). A reverse genetics strategy based on silencing the P. ostreatus mnp3 gene by RNAi was implemented. Knock‐down of mnp3 resulted in the reduction of fungal OII decolourization capacity, which was co‐linear with marked silencing of the Mn2+‐dependent peroxidase genes mnp3 and mnp9. This is the first direct genetic proof of an association between MnP gene expression levels and azo dye decolourization capacity in P. ostreatus, which may have significant implication on understanding the mechanisms governing lignin biodegradation. Moreover, this study has proven the applicability of RNAi as a tool for gene function studies in Pleurotus research.