bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Different Laboratory Measures of Renal Function for Long‐Term Mortality After Contrast Media‐Associated Renal Impairment
Authors: Heitmeyer Christine , Hölscher Birgit , Fobker Manfred , Breithardt Günter , Hausberg Martin , Reinecke Holger 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground: Contrast media‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with markedly increased morbidity and mortality. Although creatinine is at present routinely used to characterize renal function, many studies and guidelines recommend using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) since it was found to be much more accurate.Hypothesis: To assess whether the eGFR or creatinine alone provided a better predictive value for long‐term mortality after contrast media‐associated renal impairment.Methods: From a prospective trial with 412 patients undergoing heart catheterization, creatinine and eGFR before and after 24 h, 48–72 h, and 30 d after contrast‐media exposure were assessed as well as long‐term mortality.Results: Univariate Cox regression models identified increases in creatinine after 48 h (hazard rate ratio [HRR] 1.754, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.134–2.712) and 30 d (HRR 3.157, 95% CI 1.968–5.064) as well as decreases in eGFR after 30 d (HRR 0.962, 95% CI 0.939–0.986) to be significant predictors of long‐term mortality. However, by multivariable Cox regression, only increases in creatinine after 48 h (HRR 1.608, 95% CI 1.002–2.581) and after 30 d (HRR 2.685, 95% CI 1.598–4.511) turned out to be significant and independent predictors of mortality. With regard to a possibly critical threshold of creatinine increase, our data confirmed the historically grown increase in creatinine of 0.5 mg/dl or more during the first 48 h as being associated with increased mortality (p = 0.016, log rank test).Conclusions: Serum creatinine, but not eGFR, was predictive for long‐term mortality, with a threshold of 0.5 mg/dl or more indicating worse prognosis. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Supported by an unrestricted research grant from Schering AG, Berlin, Germany.
Developmental pharmacology
Authors: van den Anker Johannes N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUnderstanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs used in psychopharmacology across the pediatric age spectrum from infants to adolescents represents a major challenge for clinicians. In pediatrics, treatment protocols use either standard dose reductions for these drugs for children below a certain age or use less conventional parameters such as weight for allometric dosing. The rationale behind this, however, is often lacking. In this review current available data on the developmental changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs are presented with a specific focus on metabolic pathways, indicating significant differences in the development of enzymes involved in the biotransformation of drugs used in psychopharmacology. Major emphasis will be given to the genetic variation in CYP2D6 activity, the most important enzyme for the metabolism of many psychotropic medications. Finally, this review will summarize the role of the developmental pharmacologist in ensuring rational use of drugs in children with developmental disabilities and in translating pharmacological concepts from the bench to the clinic. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:233–238.
Alone in the dark? Modeling the conditions for visual experience in human fetuses
Authors: Del Giudice Marco 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt is commonly assumed that, whereas auditory and olfactory learning take place already during fetal development, visual experience and learning are not possible before birth. This paper explores the conditions for visual experience in the last two months of human gestation, when the fetal visual system is mature enough to permit directed vision if a sufficient amount of light is available. Light transmission from the external environment to the uterine cavity is modeled, based on the measured transmission coefficients of biological tissues. Results indicate that illumination in the uterine cavity is highly variable, depending on factors such as external illumination and the mother's abdominal thickness. At least some fetuses can be predicted to develop in conditions allowing for ample visual experience before birth. This finding could have intriguing implications for the ontogeny of early visuo‐motor abilities in newborns and infants. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:214–219, 2011
TLR5 functions as an endocytic receptor to enhance flagellin‐specific adaptive immunity
Authors: Letran Shirdi E. , Lee Seung‐Joo , Atif Shaikh M. , Uematsu Satoshi , Akira Shizuo , McSorley Stephen J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractInnate immune activation via TLR induces dendritic cell maturation and secretion of inflammatory mediators, generating favorable conditions for naïve T‐cell activation. Here, we demonstrate a previously unknown function for TLR5, namely that it enhances MHC class‐II presentation of flagellin epitopes to CD4+ T cells and is required for induction of robust flagellin‐specific adaptive immune responses. Flagellin‐specific CD4+ T cells expanded poorly in TLR5‐deficient mice immunized with flagellin, a deficiency that persisted even when additional TLR agonists were provided. Flagellin‐specific IgG responses were similarly depressed in the absence of TLR5. In marked contrast, TLR5‐deficient mice developed robust flagellin‐specific T‐cell responses when immunized with processed flagellin peptide. Surprisingly, the adaptor molecule Myd88 was not required for robust CD4+ T‐cell responses to flagellin, indicating that TLR5 enhances flagellin‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses in the absence of conventional TLR signaling. A requirement for TLR5 in generating flagellin‐specific CD4+ T‐cell activation was also observed when using an in vitro dendritic cell culture system. Together, these data uncover an Myd88‐independent function for dendritic cell TLR5 in enhancing the presentation of peptides to flagellin‐specific CD4+ T cells.
Distortional Isomerism in Copper(II) Nitrato Complexes of N,N′,N″‐Tris{[(para‐nitrobenzyl)phenyl]aminoethyl}amine
Authors: Almesåker Ann , Gamez Patrick , Scott Janet L. , Teat Simon J. , Reedijk Jan , Spiccia Leone 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe tris(aminoethyl)amine derivative tris{[(para‐nitrobenzyl)phenyl]aminoethyl}amine [(p‐NO2BP)3tren] was reacted with copper(II) nitrate in thf to yield three different solvates of [Cu(p‐NO2BP)3trenNO3]NO3 (C1) in the solid state, namely α‐C1·2thf (C2), β‐C1·2.5thf (C3) and α‐C1·(thf)1.5·(iPr2O)0.25 (C4). The light green‐yellow coloured complexes, C2 and C4, are different solvates of the one distortion isomer, while the dark‐green C3 is a different distortion isomer. The spectral properties of these distortion isomers were examined, and the structures of C3 and C4 were determined by X‐ray crystallography. The difference in the physical properties (EPR and reflectance electronic spectra) of the light and dark green solids of C1 (α‐C1·2thf and β‐C1·2.5thf) can be attributed to a change in the coordination mode of the ligand to the CuII centre. While the coordination sphere and orientation of the donor atoms in C3 and C4 are similar and the axial Cu–N and Cu–O distances identical, their equatorial bond lengths [Cu(1)–Neq] differ significantly. Compound C4 was found to have a more uniform distribution of Cu(1)–Neq bond lengths [2.166(3)–2.232(3) Å] than C3 [2.077(3)–2.352(3) Å], one Cu–Neq distance being unusually long, when compared with similar bonds in a range of copper(II) complexes of tren derivatives.
CLA TAG rich in cis‐9,trans‐11‐CLA is stable beyond 2 years of proper storage
Authors: Jaudszus Anke , Kuhnt Katrin , Rohrer Carsten , Jahreis Gerhard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe analyzed a triacylgylcerol esterified CLA preparation characteristically rich in c9,t11‐CLA and free of t10,c12‐CLA three times within a period of 2${1 \over 2}$ years by GC and silver ion‐HPLC. For the first time, we present data on the long‐term stability of this preparation with regard to the fatty acid profile and the isomeric composition of CLA under certain storage conditions, providing useful information for the planning of long‐term trials.
Chiral Primary Amine Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of α‐Substituted Acroleins
Authors: Li Jiuyuan , Fu Niankai , Zhang Long , Zhou Pengxin , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: October 2010

Abstract1,1‐Disubstituted terminal alkenes remain challenging substrates in asymmetric epoxidation reactions. In this study, chiral primary amines are shown to catalyze the asymmetric epoxidation of α‐substituted acroleins, a versatile type of 1,1‐disubstituted terminal alkene. Among various chiral primary amines explored, the chiral primary‐tertiary vicinal diamine derived from trans‐1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine is identified as the optimal catalyst, which, in combination with 5‐sulfosalicyclic acid (5‐SSA), exhibits good catalytic activity (up to 95 % yield) and enantioselectivity (up to 88 % ee). Aqueous 2 M sodium chloride was found to be the optimal reaction media.
A Short, Catalytic, Asymmetric Synthesis of Diospongins A and B by a One‐Pot, Sequential Hetero‐Diels–Alder/Mukaiyama–Michael Reaction Process
Authors: Anada Masahiro , Washio Takuya , Watanabe Yudai , Takeda Koji , Hashimoto Shunichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new route to the diarylheptanoid diospongins A and B was developed. The key step is a novel, one‐pot, sequential dirhodium(II) tetrakis[(S)‐3‐(benzo‐fused phthalimido)‐2‐piperidinonate] [Rh2(S‐BPTPI)4] catalyzed enantioselective hetero‐Diels–Alder/TMSOTf‐catalyzed Mukaiyama–Michael reaction process. The sign of the optical rotation of natural diospongin B was determined to be (+) and not (–) as was originally reported.
An Amperometric Immunosensor for IgG Based on Conducting Polymer and Carbon Nanotube‐Linked Hydrazine Label
Authors: Zhu Ye , Koh Wei Choon Alvin , Shim Yoon‐Bo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn amperometric immunosensor for IgG was developed by covalently immobilizing anti‐IgG on multiwall carbon nanotube‐embedded conducting polymer, poly‐5,2′ : 5′′,2′′‐terthiophene‐3′‐carboxylic acid (MWCNT/pTTCA). The MWCNT/pTTCA modified electrode was characterized by SEM, EIS, and XPS. A hydrazine‐labeled secondary antibody‐MWCNT conjugate (Hyd‐MWCNT‐Ab2) was applied for detection. Hydrazine was used as a catalyst for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, which was monitored at −0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The calibration plots showed a linear range of 0.1–10 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.084±0.004 ng/mL. The proposed immunosensor was evaluated for clinical applications in a rabbit serum sample.
Endotracheal temperature and humidity in laryngectomized patients in a warm and dry environment and the effect of a heat and moisture exchanger
Authors: Scheenstra Renske J. , Muller Sara H. , Hilgers Frans J. M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to assess endotracheal climate in laryngectomized patients in a warm and dry environment and the effects of a heat and moisture exchanger (HME).MethodsEndotracheal temperature and humidity were measured in 11 laryngectomized patients with a regularly used HME (Provox Normal HME; R‐HME), an HME with antimicrobial filter (Provox Micron HME; F‐HME), and without HME (open stoma). Measurements were performed at 32°C, 34°C, and 38°C (<25% relative humidity).ResultsBoth R‐HME and F‐HME increased end‐inspiratory humidity (AHinsp) equally (range, 3.4 to 5.6 mgH2O/L). The R‐HME has a cooling effect on end‐inspiratory temperature (Tinsp), which is similar for all tested environmental conditions (−3.8°C); F‐HME decreases Tinsp less (range, −1.3 to −0.6°C).ConclusionsIn a warm and dry environment, both R‐ and F‐HME significantly cool and humidify inspired air. Therefore, consistent use of an HME under these climate conditions is also probably clinically beneficial. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
‘Health transformation programme’ in Turkey: an assessment
Authors: Yasar Gulbiye Yenimahalleli 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the ‘Health Transformation Programme’ (HTP) in Turkey announced in 2003. This assessment has been made according to the ultimate performance goals of a health care system, such as improvement in health status, financial risk protection and satisfaction with health care.This study provides a brief history of health policy since 1980, when the Turkish health care system began to transform with the introduction of both structural adjustment and market‐oriented reform policy. The main aim of these reforms was increasing efficiency. Reform proposals of the 1990s focused on the introduction of a general health insurance (GHI) system, decentralization, introduction of a family medicine scheme, purchaser‐provider split, contracting‐out, quasi‐markets and improvement of management information systems.Like the reform proposals of the 1990s, HTP has eight components, the major ones being a new role for the Ministry of Health (MoH), introduction of a GHI system, reorganization of health service delivery and human resources development. No component of HTP has yet been sufficiently realized. Therefore, despite some improvements, Turkish people continue to face low health status and a low level of financial risk protection. More research needs to be done for the determination of satisfaction with health services. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular characterization of heat shock protein 70 genes in the liver of three warm freshwater fishes with differential tolerance to microcystin‐LR
Authors: He Shan , Liang Xu‐Fang , Li Ren‐Qiang , Li Guan‐Gui , Wang Lin , Shen Dan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHeat shock protein 70 (HSP70) protect cell from oxidative stress by preventing the irreversible loss of vital proteins and facilitating their subsequent regeneration. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica) are three warm freshwater fishes with differential tolerance to microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR). Full‐length cDNAs encoding the HSP70 were cloned from the livers of the three fishes. The HSP70 cDNAs of silver carp, grass carp, and Nile tilapia were 2356, 2348, and 2242 bp in length and contained an open‐reading frame of 1950 bp (encoding a polypeptide of 649 amino acids), 1950 bp (649 amino acids), and 1917 bp (638 amino acids), respectively. Like mammalian HSP70, the HSP70 of the three fish was also composed of an ATPase domain from residues 1 to 383 (44 kDa), substrate peptide binding domain from residues 384 to 544 (18 kDa), and a C‐terminus domain from residues 545 to 649 (10 kDa). The relatively high conservation of HSP70 sequences among different vertebrates is consistent with their important role in fundamental cellular processes. Using beta‐actin as an external control, RT‐PCR within the exponential phase was conducted to determine the constitutive and inducible expression level of HSP70 gene among the three fishes (6–12 g) intraperitoneally injected with MC‐LR (50 μg kg−1 body weight). Both constitutive and inducible liver mRNA levels of the fish HSP70 genes showed positive relationships with their tolerance to MC‐LR: highest in Nile tilapia, followed by silver carp, and lowest in grass carp. The differential expression pattern of liver HSP70 genes in the three fish indicated a potential role of HSP70 in the detoxification process of MC‐LR. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:293–302, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20338
Protective effects of combination of quercetin and α‐tocopherol on mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial infarct size in isoproterenol‐treated myocardial infarcted rats: Biochemical, transmission electron microscopic, and macroscopic enzyme mapping evidences
Authors: Punithavathi V. R. , Stanely Mainzen Prince P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathology of myocardial infarction. We evaluated the combined protective effects of quercetin and α‐tocopherol on mitochondrial damage and myocardial infarct size in isoproterenol‐induced myocardia‐ infarcted rats. Rats were pretreated with quercetin (10 mg/kg) alone, α‐tocopherol (10 mg/kg) alone, and combination of quercetin (10 mg/kg) and α‐tocopherol (10 mg/kg) orally using an intragastric tube daily for 14 days. After pretreatment, rats were induced myocardial infarction by isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) at an interval of 24 h for 2 days. Isoproterenol treatment caused significant increase in mitochondrial lipid peroxides with significant decrease in mitochondrial antioxidants. Significant decrease in the activities of isocitrate, succinate, malate, and α‐ketoglutarate and NADH dehydrogenases and cytochrome‐c‐oxidase, significant increase in calcium, and significant decrease in adenosine triphosphate were observed in mitochondria of myocardial infarcted rats. Combined pretreatment with quercetin and α‐tocopherol normalized all the biochemical parameters and preserved the integrity of heart tissue and restored normal mitochondrial function in myocardial‐infarcted rats. Transmission electron microscopic findings on heart mitochondria and macroscopic enzyme mapping assay on the size of myocardial infarct also correlated with these biochemical parameters. The present study showed that combined pretreatment was highly effective than single pretreatment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:303–312, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20339
Efficient separation of (R)‐(‐)‐mandelic acid biosynthesized from (R,S)‐mandelonitrile by nitrilase using ion‐exchange process
Authors: Xue Ya‐Ping , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Xu Ming , Wang Ya‐Jun , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: (R)‐(‐)‐Mandelic acid (R‐MA) is an important intermediate and chiral regent with broad uses. An efficient method for the separation of R‐MA from the bioreaction mixture with high yield is of great importance, thus, the main objective of this work is to investigate the recovery of R‐MA using an ion‐exchange process.RESULTS: The equilibrium isotherms for the separation of R‐MA by resin HZ202 were obtained in the pH range 5.0–9.0 and temperature range 25–35 °C. The equilibrium data are well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm. Batch kinetic experiments showed that the mobility of R‐MA− in solution was rapid and the R‐MA−/OH− ion‐exchange process reached equilibrium after about 60 min. Adsorption kinetics were analyzed by a linear driving force mass‐transfer model, yielding good prediction of the kinetic behavior. In fixed bed column experiments, the breakthrough curves of R‐MA from the solution on resin HZ202 were determined at different flow rates and R‐MA was eluted with different concentrations of HCl. A favorable breakthrough curve and optimal eluant concentration were obtained. The results were used for the separation of R‐MA biosynthesized from (R,S)‐mandelonitrile with nitrilase, and separation was successfully achieved with above 90% recovery yield.CONCLUSION: Resin HZ202 presents favorable behavior for the recovery of R‐MA, in terms of capacity, kinetics, affinity, and susceptibility to regeneration. The results of this study provide an efficient method for R‐MA recovery from bioreaction mixture and could potentially be used in industry. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Reactivation of epstein–barr virus in B cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Shimozuma Yuu , Ito Takayoshi , Inokuchi Momoko , Uchikoshi Manabu , Miyashita Miyuki , Nozawa Hisako , Shimazaki Tomoe , Hiroishi Kazumasa , Imawari Michio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. HCV infection of B cells is a predictive factor for lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C, although its molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a B cell‐tropic virus with the potential to cause lymphoproliferative disorders, and its reactivation is induced by several viruses and cytokines. The possibility that HCV infection triggers reactivation of EBV and induces lymphoproliferative disorders were investigated. Expression of EBV mRNAs was analyzed by RT‐PCR in patients infected with HCV and control subjects, and correlations between reactivation of EBV and markers for lymphoproliferative disorders were investigated. BZLF1 mRNA, a starter molecule of reactivation, was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 of 52 (23%), patients infected with HCV and the frequency was higher than in healthy subjects [3 of 43 (9%), P = 0.032]. But the presence of the BZLF1 mRNA was not associated with an abnormality of markers for lymphoproliferative disorders. This study on BZLF1 mRNA expression among lymphoid cell subsets showed that reactivation of EBV was observed specifically in B cells. The BZLF1 mRNA disappeared following anti‐viral therapy and remained negative after eradication of HCV in patients with a sustained viral response, while the EBER1 RNA, a marker for persistence of EBV, was detected throughout the therapy. Infection with HCV induces reactivation of EBV in B cells, but this reactivation was not associated directly with lymphoproliferative disorders triggered by HCV. J. Med. Virol. 82:2064–2072, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus infections in Saudi Arabia pediatric patients
Authors: Tayeb Hamsa T. , Al‐Ahdal Mohammed N. , Cartear Micheal J. , Al‐Qahtani Ahmade A. , Cruz Damian M. Dela 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEarlier work Tayeb et al. [Tayeb et al. (2008): J Med Virol 80: 1919–1929] set out to study the epidemiology of diarrhea viruses in pediatric populations. The study addressed initially rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, and astrovirus but was later expanded to include norovirus (NoV). Viruses were sought in fecal specimens and characterized for genotype using molecular methods (PCR, RT‐PCR, and RFLP) for the first time in KSA. The survey focused on three locations; Jeddah, Makkah, and Riyadh. During the Hajj, the chief population fluxes are via Jeddah to Makkah. One thousand samples were obtained from children (aged 6 years or less) presenting with diarrhea and thus representing community acquired rather than nosocomial infections. Rotavirus was identified in 6% of the samples followed by NoV accounted for 3.5%, astrovirus 1.9%, and adenovirus 1.4%. Rotavirus G9 was characterized for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Adenoviruses were confirmed and further typed using hexon‐specific PCR and RFLP. These data were published by Tayeb et al. [Tayeb et al. (2008): J Med Virol 80: 1919–1929]. However, the nature of astrovirus identified was not investigated further. Therefore, more analysis details are appropriate for astrovirus in the Kingdom. As an extension of earlier work carried out on astrovirus serotype distribution in the Kingdom [Tayeb et al. (2008): J Med Virol 80: 1919–1929], a major objective of the project is to use molecular methods to determine the distribution of astrovirus genotype. Such data will help to provide valuable insights into genetic identities and possible sources of virus strains involved not only in pediatric gastroenteritis but also possible outbreaks in the community. J. Med. Virol. 82:2038–2042, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.