bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Coronary Syndrome Associated with Oral Administration of Ritodrine Hydrochloride during Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Kagabu Masahiro , Murai Shinya , Ogasawara Toshihiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report a case of acute coronary syndrome associated with the oral administration of ritodrine hydrochloride. Ten days following the administration of ritodrine hydrochloride, the patient complained of chest pain, and an electrocardiogram showed ST elevation and ST depression. Intensive care was initiated. She recovered without chest pain.
A Comparison of Continuous Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy, HMG‐CoA Reductase Inhibitor and Combined Treatment for the Management of Hypercholesterolemia in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Ozsener Serdar , Sendag Fatih , Koc Tayfun , Terek Mustafa Cosan , Oztekin Kemal , Bilgin Onur 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives: To compare the lipid‐altering effects of hormone replacement therapy alone and in combination with HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia.Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial with 3 parallel groups. The patients (n = 35) were randomly assigned to receive pravastatin 20 mg/day (n = 12); continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (0.625 mg conjugated estrogen/day combined with medroxyprogesterone 5 mg/day) (n = 12); continuous combined hormone replacement therapy plus pravastatin (n = 11) for 16 weeks.Results: Among patients treated with continuous combined hormone replacement therapy levels of total cholesterol (10.7%) and LDL cholesterol (12.6%) decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (5%) and triglycerides (6.2%) increased insignificantly (p > 0.05). Patients in the pravastatin group achieved significant reductions of 18.8 and 21.4% in total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, respectively (p < 0.05). Among patients treated with a combination of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy plus pravastatin, levels of total cholesterol (20.5%) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (23.8%) decreased the most, while levels of triglycerides (2.1%) decreased lower than the pravastatin‐only group. The mean percentage of the differences between the baseline and treatment levels of the lipids and lipoproteins were not significant between the 3 study groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion: No significant difference between hormone replacement therapy alone and in combination with HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor in the treatment of postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia was noted in this study. The combination of hormone replacement therapy not only does not adversely affect the lipid‐lowering effect of pravastatin alone, but hormone replacement therapy also offers additional benefits in the treatment of hypoestrogenic hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women.
GABA receptors and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in mice and rats
Authors: Yeomans John S. , Bosch Daniel , Alves Nyresa , Daros Alexander , Ure Robert J. , Schmid Susanne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe acoustic startle reflex is strongly inhibited by a moderate‐intensity acoustic stimulus that precedes the startling stimulus by roughly 10–1000 ms (prepulse inhibition, PPI). At long interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 100–1000 ms, PPI in rats is reduced by the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine. Here, we studied the role of GABA receptors in PPI at full ISI ranges in both mice and rats. In B6 mice, PPI begins and ends at shorter ISIs (4 and 1000 ms, respectively) than in Wistar rats (8 and 5000 ms). The GABAAantagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg i.p.) reduced PPI at ISIs near the peak of PPI in both rats and mice. The GABABantagonist phaclofen (10 or 30 mg/kg i.p. in rats or mice, respectively) reduced PPI only at long ISIs, similar to the effects of the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine (1 mg/kg i.p.). The effects of phaclofen and scopolamine were additive in rats, suggesting independent effects of GABABand muscarinic receptors. Patch‐clamp recordings of startle‐mediating PnC (nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis) giant neurons in rat slices show that EPSCs evoked by either trigeminal or auditory fiber stimulation were inhibited by the GABAA/Cagonist muscimol or the GABABagonist baclofen via postsynaptic mechanisms. Hyperpolarization of PnC neurons by muscimol was reversed with bicuculline, indicating that postsynaptic GABAAreceptors strongly inhibit PnC giant neurons needed for startle. Therefore, GABA receptors on PnC giant neurons mediate a substantial part of PPI, with GABAAreceptors contributing at the peak of PPI, and GABABreceptors adding to muscarinic effects on PPI at long ISIs.
Associations between leptin and the leptin / adiponectin ratio and incident Type 2 diabetes in middle‐aged men and women: results from the MONICA / KORA Augsburg Study 1984–2002
Authors: Thorand B. , Zierer A. , Baumert J. , Meisinger C. , Herder C. , Koenig W. 
Published: May 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1004–1011 (2010)AbstractAims  Adipocyte‐derived hormones seem to be involved in the development of Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we assessed the association between the proinflammatory adipokine leptin and incident Type 2 diabetes, taking into account interactions between leptin and the anti‐inflammatory adipokine adiponectin.Methods  Using a case–cohort design, serum levels of adipokines were measured in 460 cases with incident Type 2 diabetes and 1474 non‐cases selected from a source population of 7936 middle‐aged subjects participating in the population‐based Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA)/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) Augsburg cohort study between 1984 and 1995 and followed up until 2002 (mean follow‐up 10.9±4.7 years).Results  High leptin and low adiponectin levels were associated with an increased Type 2 diabetes risk. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing tertile extremes were 1.71 (1.12–2.63) for leptin (top vs. bottom tertile) and 2.65 (1.88–3.76) for adiponectin (bottom vs. top tertile), respectively. There was a significant interaction between leptin and adiponectin, with highest diabetes risk being observed in individuals with high leptin and low adiponectin levels (P = 0.029 for interaction).While the addition of adiponectin to a basic risk factor model improved model prediction (Δ area under the curve 0.011), the change in model prediction was only marginal after the addition of leptin (Δ area under the curve 0.002).Conclusions  Our findings indicate that the two adipokines leptin and adiponectin interact in modulating Type 2 diabetes risk, but adiponectin is more strongly associated with Type 2 diabetes risk than leptin.
Resisting Homosexual Law Reform in Britain in the 1950s: the Passions of Earl Winterton*
Authors: Gleeson Kate 
Published: May 2010

The Sixth Earl Winterton was an eccentric who is too easily dismissed as a homophobe and bigoted critic of the reforms proposed in the Wolfenden Report. But his outbursts in the Parliament against homosexuality point to his personal concerns for British masculinity and to an alternative understanding of masculinity that has received scant attention in the assessment of gay law reforms initiated by Wolfenden. Sociologists insist that the main function of homophobia is the maintenance of heterosexuality and patriarchal homo‐society. In this article I examine Winterton's arguments in their historical context, not to understand “homosexualism” which affronted him, but for what they say between the lines about British manliness, identity, intimacy and friendship. Winterton's is one version of a masculine self that experienced being cut adrift and betrayed by the cultural and political shifts which the Wolfenden Report both signified and embodied.I think now, after studying the history of sex, we should try to understand the history of friendship, or friendships. That history is very, very important (Michel Foucault, 1982).1
A Key‐Pose Caching System for Rendering an Animated Crowd in Real‐Time
Authors: Lister W. , Laycock R.G. , Day A.M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract We present a method to accelerate the visualization of large crowds of animated characters. Linear‐blend skinning remains the dominant approach for animating a crowd but its efficiency can be improved by utilizing the temporal and intra‐crowd coherencies that are inherent within a populated scene. Our work adopts a caching system that enables a skinned key‐pose to be re‐used by multi‐pass rendering, between multiple agents and across multiple frames. We investigate two different methods; an intermittent caching scheme (whereby each member of a crowd is animated using only its nearest key‐pose) and an interpolative approach that enables key‐pose blending to be supported. For the latter case, we show that finding the optimal set of key‐poses to store is an NP‐hard problem and present a greedy algorithm suitable for real‐time applications. Both variants deliver a worthwhile performance improvement in comparison to using linear‐blend skinning alone.
‘Active chronic visceral leishmaniasis’ in HIV‐1‐infected patients demonstrated by biological and clinical long‐term follow‐up of 10 patients
Authors: Bourgeois N , Bastien P , Reynes J , Makinson A , Rouanet I , Lachaud L 
Published: May 2010

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to describe a new evolutionary form of visceral leishmaniasis observed in immunocompromised patients.MethodsWe carried out long‐term clinical and biological follow‐up of 10 HIV‐1/Leishmania‐coinfected patients presenting numerous secondary visceral leishmaniasis episodes despite treatment, with the follow‐up time ranging from 0.5 to 10 years.ResultsAnalysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and blood culture results demonstrated continuous multiplication and circulation of parasites despite treatment, both during asymptomatic periods and during secondary visceral leishmaniasis episodes. This condition may be termed ‘chronic’ because of the presence of relapses over a period of several years and ‘active’ because of the continuous blood circulation of the parasite.ConclusionWe wish to define ‘active chronic visceral leishmaniasis’ as a novel nosological entity observed in HIV‐1/Leishmania‐coinfected patients.
Nerve growth factor, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and their high‐affinity receptors are overexpressed in extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: Qian Yue , Takeuchi Satoshi , Chen Shan‐Juan , Dugu Long , Tsuji Gaku , Xie Lining , Nakahara Takeshi , Moroi Yoichi , Tu Ya‐Ting , Furue Masutaka 
Published: May 2010

Background: Neurotrophin (NT) systems appear to play important roles in the pathogenesis of several tumors, but their expression in extramammary Paget's disease (EPD) has not been investigated. Methods: Thirty‐four paraffin‐embedded EPD specimens (32 primary EPD and 2 metastatic to lymph nodes) were subject to immunohistochemical staining for nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT3, NT4, their high‐affinity receptors (TrkA, TrkB and TrkC) and the common low‐affinity receptor, p75 NT receptor (p75). Results: All 34 EPD specimens, including 2 metastatic to lymph nodes, showed cytoplasmic overexpression of NGF, BDNF, TrkA and TrkB. The expression (% positive cells) of NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4, TrkA and TrkB (81.6 ± 14.9, 86.0 ± 10.4, 89.6 ± 14.9, 87.8 ± 17.9, 83 ± 14.4 and 86.2 ± 11.7%) in EPD was significantly higher than in normal skin (21.6 ± 6.5, 27.6 ± 4.5, 19.7 ± 10.1, 8.2 ± 10.0, 25.0 ± 5.3 and 25.4 ± 6.4%), and the expression of these factors in invasive EPD was significantly higher than in noninvasive EPD. Interestingly, Paget cells were negative for p75 and TrkC in all the 34 EPD specimens. Conclusions: These results suggest that overexpression of NGF, BDNF and their high‐affinity receptors (TrkA and TrkB) might play a role in the pathogenesis of EPD.Qian Y, Takeuchi S, Chen S‐J, Dugu L, Tsuji G, Xie L, Nakahara T, Moroi Y, Tu Y‐T, Furue M. Nerve growth factor, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and their high‐affinity receptors are overexpressed in extramammary Paget's disease.
Vaccine development against Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Vogel Ulrich , Claus Heike 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMeningococcal disease is communicable by close contact or droplet aerosols. Striking features are high case fatality rates and peak incidences of invasive disease in infants, toddlers and adolescents. Vaccine development is hampered by bacterial immune evasion strategies including molecular mimicry. As for Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, no vaccine has therefore been developed that targets all serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis. Polysaccharide vaccines available both in protein conjugated and non‐conjugated form, have been introduced against capsular serogroups A, C, W‐135 and Y, but are ineffective against serogroup B meningococci, which cause a significant burden of disease in many parts of the world. Detoxified outer membrane vesicles are used since decades to elicit protection against epidemic serogroup B disease. Genome mining and biochemical approaches have provided astounding progress recently in the identification of immunogenic, yet reasonably conserved outer membrane proteins. As subcapsular proteins nevertheless are unlikely to immunize against all serogroup B variants, thorough investigation by surrogate assays and molecular epidemiology approaches are needed prior to introduction and post‐licensure of protein vaccines. Research currently addresses the analysis of life vaccines, meningococcus B polysaccharide modifications and mimotopes, as well as the use of N. lactamica outer membrane vesicles.
A non‐profit accountability framework
Authors: Candler George , Dumont Georgette 
Published: May 2010

Abstract: A non‐profit accountability framework is developed from the broader academic literature, both within non‐profit studies and beyond. The framework includes a comprehensive set of stakeholders that non‐profits need to be accountable to, as well as resources to be accountable for. These stakeholders and resources are then contrasted on a matrix.Sommaire : Un cadre d'imputabilité pour le secteur à but non lucratif est élaboréà partir de la documentation. Le cadre inclut un ensemble exhaustif de parties prenantes auxquelles le secteur à but non lucratif doit rendre des comptes, ainsi que des ressources pour lesquelles il est imputable. Ces parties prenantes et les ressources sont alors mises en contraste sur un tableau.
Establishing genomic tools and resources for Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.—the development of a library of expressed sequence tags, microsatellite loci, and the sequencing of its chloroplast genome
Authors: DEMPEWOLF HANNES , KANE NOLAN C. , OSTEVIK KATHERINE L. , GELETA MULATU , BARKER MICHAEL S. , LAI ZHAO , STEWART MEGAN L. , BEKELE ENDASHAW , ENGELS JOHANNES M. M. , CRONK QUENTIN C. B. , RIESEBERG LOREN H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe present an EST library, chloroplast genome sequence, and nuclear microsatellite markers that were developed for the semi‐domesticated oilseed crop noug (Guizotia abyssinica) from Ethiopia. The EST library consists of 25 711 Sanger reads, assembled into 17 538 contigs and singletons, of which 4781 were functionally annotated using the Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR). The age distribution of duplicated genes in the EST library shows evidence of two paleopolyploidizations—a pattern that noug shares with several other species in the Heliantheae tribe (Compositae family). From the EST library, we selected 43 microsatellites and then designed and tested primers for their amplification. The number of microsatellite alleles varied between 2 and 10 (average 4.67), and the average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.49 and 0.54, respectively. The chloroplast genome was sequenced de novo using Illumina’s sequencing technology and completed with traditional Sanger sequencing. No large re‐arrangements were found between the noug and sunflower chloroplast genomes, but 1.4% of sites have indels and 1.8% show sequence divergence between the two species. We identified 34 tRNAs, 4 rRNA sequences, and 80 coding sequences, including one region (trnH‐psbA) with 15% sequence divergence between noug and sunflower that may be particularly useful for phylogeographic studies in noug and its wild relatives.
Personal stigma and coping strategies in families of patients with schizophrenia: Comparison between Japan and Korea
Authors: Hanzawa Setsuko , Bae Jeong‐Kyu , Tanaka Hideki , Tanaka Goro , Bae Yong Jun , Goto Masahiro , Inadomi Hiroyuki , Nakane Hideyuki , Ohta Yasuyuki , Nakane Yoshibumi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIntroduction: It has been extensively documented that caregivers of persons who have serious and persistent mental disorders must successfully cope with many challenging problems in order to provide good care. However, little is known about the relationship between family stigma and strategies for coping with patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, the present study compared the personal stigma and coping strategies of families of patients with schizophrenia by examining the socio‐cultural factors that affect the care experience of families in Northeast Asian countries.Methods: Two self‐rating scales were used to compare personal stigma and coping strategies regarding family members of patients with schizophrenia in 47 Japanese and 92 Korean families. Respondents reported their personal attitudes (personal stigma) with respect to a case vignette that described a person with chronic schizophrenia.Results: Analysis revealed the following: 1) although no differences in coping strategies were observed between the countries, the personal stigma of families was significantly higher in Korea than in Japan; 2) coping strategies, such as positive communication, coercion, and avoidance, were significantly associated with personal stigma in Korean families; however, in Japanese families, resignation was significantly associated with personal stigma.Discussion: The present findings suggest that personal family stigma was higher in Korea than Japan, and the features associated with coping strategies differ between countries. It is important to determine the features of personal stigma that are associated with schizophrenia. Furthermore, education and support programs for families with schizophrenia based on trans‐cultural considerations must be emphasized in both countries.
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen interacts with acid alpha‐glucosidase and alters glycogen metabolism
Authors: Hung Jui‐Hsiang , Yan Chiao‐Wen , Su Ih‐Jen , Wang Hui‐Ching , Lei Huan‐Yao , Lin Wan‐Chi , Chang Wen‐Tsan , Huang Wenya , Lu Te‐Jung , Lai Ming‐Derg 
Published: May 2010

Aim:  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly correlated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Previous studies have reported that expression of hepatitis B virus pre‐S2 mutant surface antigen is related to hepatoma development. An aberrant carbohydrate metabolism is a hallmark of malignant transformation.Methods:  We performed yeast two‐hybrid screening with HBV pre‐S2‐del large surface protein (pre‐S2Δ) by using human liver cDNA library, and identified the acid alpha‐glucosidase (acid α‐glucosidase) as the novel cellular interacting protein of pre‐S2Δ. The association of pre‐S2Δ with the acid α‐glucosidase was confirmed by confocal immunofluorescence and co‐immunoprecipitation assay. Further, the acid α‐glucosidase activity and glycogen content were analyzed in ML‐1 cells expressing pre‐S2Δ.Results:  The interaction between HBV large surface protein and acid α‐glucosidase was demonstrated with co‐immunoprecipitation in vitro and in vivo, and the binding was mediated through c‐terminal region 889‐952 amino acid of acid α‐glucosidase. On the other hand, HBV large surface protein interacted with acid α‐glucosidase through N‐terminal region 1–157 amino acid of HBV large surface protein. Expression of HBV large surface protein enhanced acid α‐glucosidase activity and resulted in decrease of cellular glycogen.Conclusion:  Our result demonstrates that HBV large surface protein interacts with acid α‐glucosidase which plays an important role in glycogen balance. Together, these data suggest a novel pathway by which HBV large surface protein affects carbohydrate metabolism.
Clinical classification of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
Authors: Kobayashi Noritoshi , Niwa Tetsu , Kirikoshi Hiroyuki , Fujita Koji , Yoneda Masato , Saito Satoru , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: May 2010

Aim:  Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEPS) is a rare anomaly in which the enteric blood bypasses the liver and drains into the systemic veins through various venous shunts. Patients with CEPS often have liver tumors and complications such as cardiac or other anomalies, but portosystemic encephalopathy and gastrointestinal bleeding occur only occasionally. The clinical problems differ for each individual with CEPS, and establishing a prognosis can be very difficult.Methods:  We reviewed the clinical features of 136 reported cases of CEPS and classified these cases according to their portosystemic shunts.Results:  We classified portal blood flow directly into the inferior vena cava (IVC) as type A (88 cases), portal blood flow into the renal vein as type B (36 cases), and portal blood flow into the iliac vein via an inferior mesenteric vein as type C (12 cases). Type A patients were complicated with cardiac anomalies at a higher rate than other types. Type C patients had lower prevalences of cardiac anomalies and portosystemic encephalopathy than the other types, but the prevalence of gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly higher (P < 0.0001). The prognosis of CEPS has improved, and only six deaths have been previously reported, all of which occurred in type A patients.Conclusions:  We reviewed the previously reported cases of CEPS. Classification according to the portosystemic shunt system might be useful for investigating the clinical features of CEPS.
Friend or Foe? Foreign Investors and the Liquidity of Six Asian Markets
Authors: Agudelo Diego A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStudying foreign flows and the liquidity of six Asian markets and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, we provide evidence of two contrary effects of foreigners on liquidity. On the one hand, foreign trade has a negative but transitory impact on the overall liquidity of the market on a daily basis, consistent with foreign investors demanding liquidity more aggressively than locals and incorporating market‐wide information. On the other hand, the overall share of foreign ownership in the market is positively related to improved liquidity, consistent with foreigners improving liquidity provision and sending a positive signal to the market on transparency and monitoring. Overall, the results portray foreign investors as aggressively demanding liquidity in the very short term, but having a lasting positive effect on the liquidity of emerging markets.