bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency Surgery for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Short‐Term and Long‐Term Results
Authors: Neruntarat Chairat , Chantapant Suprapol 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVETo compare the short‐term and long‐term results in patients undergoing radiofrequency (RF) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).STUDY DESIGNCase series and planned data collection.SETTINGTertiary referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSA study was undertaken on 72 OSA patients with palatal and tongue base obstruction based on radiography and physical findings. Multilevel RF was conducted to reduce the tissue.RESULTSPatients had a mean age of 35.8 ± 10.9 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.8 ± 2.4 kg/m2. The mean follow‐up was 14.2 ± 1.8 months, with arange of 12 to 16 months. Mean baseline apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), short‐term AHI, and long‐term AHI were 35.6 ± 9.2, 12.5 ± 4.8, and 16.8 ± 3.2, respectively. Mean baseline lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT), short‐term LSAT, and long‐term LSAT were 85.6 ±3.4 percent, 88.7 ± 2.9 percent, and 88.2 ±1.7 percent, respectively. The change in BMI was significantly different in the patients with and without recurrence (2.8 ± 1.8 vs 0.3 ± 0.2 kg/m2, P < 0.01). Forty (55.6%) patients had long‐term success, and eight (16.7%) patients with short‐term success failed in the long term. Serious complications were not encountered.CONCLUSIONRF is a minimally invasive and effective procedure that results in long‐term success for patients with a relatively low BMI and mild to moderate OSA without nasal obstruction. However, a recommendation concerning weight control and a regular follow‐up are important because some patients will relapse in the long term.
Impact of Mucosal Eosinophilia and Nasal Polyposis on Quality‐of‐Life Outcomes after Sinus Surgery
Authors: Soler Zachary M. , Sauer David , Mace Jess , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVEAssess whether the presence of mucosal eosinophilia correlates with surgical outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.STUDY DESIGNProspective cohort.SETTINGTertiary medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSAdult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were prospectively enrolled, and demographic data and medical comorbidities were recorded. Preoperative quality of life (QOL) was measured by the Chronic Sinusitis Survey (CSS), Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI), and Short Form‐36 General Health Survey (SF‐36). Sinus mucosal specimens were collected at the time of surgery and the degree of eosinophilia quantified. Postoperative QOL was measured, and differences in QOL improvement were compared between those with and without eosinophilia.RESULTSA total of 102 patients had both histopathological and QOL outcome data available for review. Follow‐up averaged 16.5 months. Patients with eosinophilia showed significantly less improvement in the RSDI total (17.9 vs 25.0; P = 0.044), RSDI functional (5.7 vs 8.8; general health subscale; P = 0.018), CSS medication (3.6 vs 17.3; P = 0.013), SF‐36 general health (0.6 vs 9.6; P = 0.008), SF‐36 physical role (16.1 vs 34.7; P = 0.036), and SF‐36 vitality (11.9 vs 21.2; P = 0.034) scales than those without eosinophilia. The greatest improvement in QOL was seen in patients without eosinophilia or polyps, with the least improvement seen in those with eosinophilia but without polyps.CONCLUSIONThe presence of mucosal eosinophilia at the time of surgery consistently predicted less improvement in both disease‐specific and general QOL compared with patients without eosinophilia. The impact of eosinophilia on outcomes was greatest for patients without nasal polyposis, a group that demonstrated the least improvement in QOL measures.
Endoscopic sinus surgery: evolution and technical innovations
Authors: Govindaraj S , Adappa N D , Kennedy D W 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrior to the introduction of functional endoscopic sinus surgery, several surgeons had begun to use telescopes to perform surgical procedures in the nose and sinuses. However, the central concepts of functional endoscopic sinus surgery evolved primarily from Messerklinger's endoscopic study of mucociliary clearance and endoscopic detailing of intranasal pathology. The popularity of a combination of endoscopic ethmoidectomy plus opening of secondarily involved sinuses grew rapidly during the latter part of the twentieth century, and endoscopic intranasal techniques began to expand to deal with pathology other than inflammation. We present a review of the evolution of knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of inflammatory sinus disease since that point in time, and of the impact that this has had on the management of inflammatory sinus disease. We also detail the technological advances that have allowed endoscopic intranasal techniques to expand and successfully treat other pathology, including skull base and orbital disease. In addition, we describe evolving technologies which may further influence development within this field.
Significance of free radical injury in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers
Authors: Manjunath M K , Annam V , Suresh D R 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground and objectives:Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer is a multifactorial disease caused by various carcinogens such as tobacco, alcohol and viruses. Likewise, oxidative stress is known to cause aberrations in the cell membrane and DNA, leading to cancer. We conducted this prospective study in order to evaluate the level of oxidative stress in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer patients.Methods:Fifty patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and 40 control subjects were selected. Serum malondialdehyde concentrations and ferric reducing antioxidant power were assessed, in order to evaluate oxidative stress. Results were analysed by Student's t-test.Results:Malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher and ferric reducing antioxidant power lower in the cancer patients, compared with the controls, indicating higher oxidative stress in the former. There was no statistically significant difference in malondialdehyde concentration or ferric reducing antioxidant power, comparing patients with versus without neck secondaries, and patients with early stage versus late stage tumours.Conclusion:Oxidative stress may have a role to play in the initiation of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers, especially in patients with other risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use.
Nation on a Platter: the Culture and Politics of Food and Cuisine in Colonial Bengal
Authors: SENGUPTA JAYANTA 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper examines themes related to cooking, food, nutrition, and the relationship between dietary practice and health in late-nineteenth century and early-twentieth century Bengal, and argues that food and cuisine represented a vibrant site on which a complex rhetorical struggle between colonialism and nationalism was played out. Insofar as they carried symbolic meanings and ‘civilisational attributes’, cooking and eating transcended their functionality and became cultural practices, with a strong ideological-pedagogical content. The Bengali/Indian kitchen, so strongly reviled in European colonialist discourses as a veritable purgatory, became a critically important symbolic space in the emerging ideology of domesticity during the colonial period. The gastronomic excesses of gluttonous British officials—crucial in asserting the physical superiority of a ‘masculine’ Raj—became an object of ridicule in Bengali culinary texts, signifying the grossness of a materialistic. The cooking and eating of food thus became deeply implicated in the cultural politics of bhadralok nationalism.
A molecular phylogeny of the benignTheileriaparasites based on major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene sequences
Authors: JEONG W. , YOON S. H. , AN D. J. , CHO S.-H. , LEE K.-K. , KIM J.-Y. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYTo investigate the phylogeny of benignTheileriaparasites, we determined the complete major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene sequences for 6 benign theilerial organisms, including the first from tick. Sequences were analysed alongside published sequences for 39 benignTheileriaparasites, using Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony. All MPSP sequences were 852 nucleotides, except for Gansu, Wuchangbuf, VB01, and VB01; Gansu contained 873 nucleotides, and the other 3 had 855. Deduced amino acid sequences contained 284 residues, except for Gansu (291) and Wuchangbuf, VB01, and VB01 (285 each). Pairwise comparisons showed identities among 45 theilerial MPSP sequences ranging from 70·9 to 99·8% for nucleotide and 71·0 to 100% for amino acid sequences. Our results clearly indicate that all global parasites, excluding Brisbane, were classified into 1 of 8 types; 6 types ofTheileriaexist in Korea. Each type, excluding Type 6, has several type-specific amino acid sequences. The phylogenetic tree derived from the nucleotide sequences showed 2 sister-group relationships, Type 2+Type 7 and Type 3+Brisbane, with a new branching pattern: (Type 6 (Type 8 ((Type 2, Type 7), (Type 1, (Type 4, (Type 5, (Type 3, Brisbane))))))). Our sequence data showed no geographical influence on worldwideTheileriaparasite distribution.
William Sweeney and the Voice of the People
Authors: Reid-Baxter James 
Published: November 2009

‘Rise to birth with me now, my brother …’William Sweeney's most extended work to date is also his best-known, thanks to its having been broadcast three times. Most recently, and appropriately, his 70-minute setting of Hugh MacDiarmid's epic A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle was heard on Radio 3 on Hogmanay. What better moment than the gateway of the New Year for Sweeney's musical gallimaufry, which in its rich diversity and mixture of song and speech, not to mention musical styles, is a faithful tribute to the poem it sets? In a sense, Sweeney's setting repays a very old debt. For it was the voice of Hugh MacDiarmid, lecturing in East London in 1974, that ‘put things together’ in the mind of a 24-year-old ex-avantgarde composer-clarinettist not quite sure what direction he wanted to follow. MacDiarmid's London lecture suddenly brought back to Sweeney an essential but hitherto unrecognized element in his own psyche: the revived folksong-movement of his leftwing Glaswegian childhood, spear-headed by the late Norman Buchan M.P. At Knightswood Secondary School, Sweeney had become fascinated first by contemporary jazz – Davis, Coltrane, Evans – and then Stockhausen (‘via Schoenberg’), and his principal study had been clarinet, continued at the RSAMD, and – from 1970 – at the RAM in London with the redoubtable Alan Hacker. Yet as a child, Sweeney had particularly loved the unaccompanied singing of Archie Fisher's sister Rae, and significantly, he ‘always felt disappointed when the guitars came in and spoiled it’.
On the automorphism groups of multidimensional shifts of finite type
Authors: HOCHMAN MICHAEL 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe investigate algebraic properties of the automorphism group of multidimensional shifts of finite type (SFTs). We show that positive entropy implies that the automorphism group contains every finite group and, together with transitivity, implies that the center of the automorphism group is trivial (i.e. consists only of the shift action). We also show that positive entropy and dense minimal points (in particular, dense periodic points) imply that the automorphism group of X contains a copy of the automorphism group of the one-dimensional full shift, and hence contains non-trivial elements of infinite order. On the other hand we construct a mixing, positive-entropy SFT whose automorphism group is, modulo the shift action, a union of finite groups.
On t-entropy and variational principle for the spectral radius of weighted shift operators
Authors: BAKHTIN V. I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a new functional invariant of discrete time dynamical systems—the so-called t-entropy. The main result is that this t-entropy is the Legendre dual functional to the logarithm of the spectral radius of the weighted shift operator on L1(X,m) generated by the dynamical system. This result is called the variational principle and is similar to the classical variational principle for the topological pressure.
Infinite sequence of fixed-point free pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms
Authors: LOS JÉRÔME 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe construct an infinite sequence of pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms without fixed points and leaving invariant a sequence of orientable measured foliations on the same topological surface and the same stratum of the space of Abelian differentials. The existence of such a sequence shows that all pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms fixing orientable measured foliations cannot be obtained by the Rauzy–Veech induction strategy.
Like my father before me: intergenerational occupational status transfer during industrialization (Zeeland, 1811–1915)
Authors: ZIJDEMAN RICHARD L. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis article studies the influence of macro-level developments on intergenerational status transfer in the Dutch province of Zeeland between 1811 and 1915. Hypotheses on the effects of industrialization, educational expansion, mass communication, urbanization, geographical mobility, and mass transport are derived from conflicting theories. The influences of these contextual characteristics on status attainment are tested using hierarchical linear models, incorporating data on some 40,000 fathers and sons in over 100 municipalities. The results show regional as well as temporal differences in the association between a father's and a son's occupational status. In contrast to what is supposed by the logic of industrialism thesis, hardly any of the macro-level developments decreased the influence of a father's occupational status on that of his son. On the contrary, a father's status became more influential in the more industrialized areas.
Social mobility in Portugal (1860–1960): operative issues and trends
Authors: FONSECA HÉLDER ADEGAR , GUIMARÃES PAULO EDUARDO 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis article presents the results of a study of social mobility in Portugal from the 1860s to the 1960s. Four distinct social contexts were examined by reference to selected criteria, and marriage records were used as the source for data collection and analysis. The HISCO coding scheme was followed to allow comparisons of intergenerational mobility, stratification, and social change. We present the methodological and operative issues inherent in the hermeneutics of the sources used, identifying difficulties in the process of coding arising from the use of a common language to locate individuals in society. We shall offer an opinion on the pace of Portuguese social mobility during the period.
Jean Rotz and the Marine Chart, 1542
Authors: Taylor E. G. R. 
Published: November 2009

This paper was first published in the Journal in 1954 (Vol. 7, p. 138). It is followed by comments from Michael Richey.At the time (1542) when Jean Rotz presented Henry VIII with a variation compass, and an accompanying treatise on its making and use, the question of magnetic variation was an acute one. It formed part of a wider controversy concerning the general validity of the sea-chart which had been raised among seamen. As to this, Dr Pedro Nunez, writing a treatise in 1537 addressed to his friend and pupil the Infante Dom Luys of Portugal, said that there were skilled pilots who derided the chart and declared it to be ‘a mais falsa causa do mundo’ – the falsest thing in the world. Hastening to its defence, Nunez dealt at length with the navigating errors introduced by ignoring the convergence of the meridians, and showed besides that a rhumb, or line of constant bearing was a spiral curve on the globe.
Granas, a New Satellite-based Navigation System
Authors: Euler H. , Hoefgen G. 
Published: November 2009

Granas (Global RAdio NAvigation System) is a satellite-based radio navigation system with global coverage, high accuracy and continuous availability for civil users on land, sea and air. Its performance, thus, is superior to existing ground-based radio navigation systems as Omega, Loran, Decca, and so on.The principle of Granas user-position determination is similar to that of Navstar GPS or Navsat in that a user makes pseudo-range measurements to a number of satellites visible above a 5° elevation angle. These ranging operations are performed using time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements of navigation signals transmitted by satellites. Knowing the discrete positions of four or more satellites and their pseudo-ranges, a user may compute its own clock bias and its position in three dimensions (longitude, latitude and altitude).
Sailing Problems Within and Near Traffic Separation Schemes
Authors: Kwik K. H. 
Published: November 2009

Traffic separation schemes have been established all over the world with the aim of reducing the danger of collision. Field observations have shown that despite the adoption by IMO and the laying down of the schemes on nautical charts a good many vessels do not comply with the steering and sailing rules applicable at traffic separation schemes. This paper attempts to review the apparent difficulties met. Some suggestions for improving of the situation are made.The separation of traffic into two streams moving in opposite directions has been introduced with the aim of reducing the incidence of collisions. Such a measure results in a decrease of the rate of encounters and an almost total elimination of head-on or fine crossing meetings which are considered dangerous especially in restricted visibility. Investigations have confirmed the effectiveness of the measure in achieving the purpose provided that the steps taken are reasonable from a practical point of view.
Hydrographic Survey in the North Sea and English Channel
Authors: Haslam D. W. , Pielou F. A. 
Published: November 2009

Ever since man first ventured to sea, he has needed to know not only where he was in relation to the land but also what dangers lay hidden below the surface, and what courses to steer in order to avoid these unseen dangers so as to arrive safely and speedily at his destination – making due allowances for the effects of tidal streams and currents.Because his sea-maps were working documents, usually exposed to a hostile environment, fewer such old records have survived than is the case with old land maps. Undoubtedly, whilst many early voyages of exploration emanated from Europe, it should not be forgotten that in the – to European eyes – ‘unexplored’ parts of Asia and the Pacific, similar voyages were being made. However, as trade developed between Europe and the rest of the world, hydrographic surveyors from Europe began to record the information needed along the various trade routes.
Weather Satellite Information for Offshore Industry
Authors: Morris R. M. 
Published: November 2009

The Meteorological Office makes full operational use of pictorial weather satellite data in preparation of routine analyses of the atmospheric fields of wind, temperature, pressure and humidity. There are two types of satellite, polar orbiting and geostationary: the polar orbiter scans the globe from a height of about 830 km and as the globe rotates beneath the satellite each area is scanned twice in 24 hours; the geostationary satellite rotates with the globe and takes frequent pictures of the same area from a height of about 35000 km.The pictorial data are in the form of visual and infra-red images and when used together can provide considerable information about the height, type and density of the clouds. Vertical temperature profiles within the atmosphere are also retrieved from polar orbiting satellites using linear regression techniques, but there are problems yet to be solved in areas of heavy cloud and precipitation. The paper was presented at Oceanology International 1982, held at Brighton.
Estimating the Pressure Altitude of Aircraft by Radar
Authors: Nagaoka Sakae 
Published: November 2009

A mathematical collision risk model can be used for evaluating air traffic control (ATC) separation standards. As one of the parameters required for calculating the expected number of collisions by this model, the probability of overlap in the vertical dimension based on height-keeping errors of aircraft must be estimated.However, there are few examples of empirical data on height-keeping errors because data collection is expensive and time-consuming. In order to collect these data, the author et al. started data collection using a newly developed simple height-finding radar, the navigation accuracy measurement system (NAMS) which has been installed under a trunk airway in Japan.
The Development of Flight Deck Displays
Authors: Stringer F. S. 
Published: November 2009

In this review of the evolution of displays and controls in military and civil fixed-wing aircraft, the author traces the development of flight instruments, largely in this country, from their rudimentary beginning before the first World War to the present high degree of automation and suggests certain pitfalls from the pilot's point of view in high-technology solutions.The Wright Brothers' aeroplane flew with only a stopwatch, a tachometer to measure engine speed, and an anemometer, all for measuring performance; the pilot had no instrumentation to help him fly the aircraft. There was little change up to the beginning of the first world war in 1914. The cockpit hardly existed as such: controls varied in design; some were levers, and often there was a wheel which, in the early days, controlled wing warping to change the lift of each wing to allow the aircraft to bank.
A Graphical Assessment of the Close Quarters Situation
Authors: George B. D. 
Published: November 2009

An article entitled ‘Defining the Close-Quarters Situation at Sea’ in this Journal (36, 454, September 1983), described how certain manoeuvres made by ships could safeguard against close-quarters situations developing at sea and, when circumstances demanded, these manoeuvres could ensure compliance with Rule 19(e) of the Collision Regulations.Basically it was suggested that engines should be stopped when the distance between two such approaching vessels was N nautical miles, which was pre-calculated. If that action appeared insufficient, full astern power should be applied after an interval of Δt minutes had elapsed or, at the latest, when the separation distance between the two vessels was not less than Ab(SP) nautical miles.
Collision Avoidance, Driver Support and Safety Intervention Systems
Authors: Gilling Simon P. 
Published: November 2009

Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control (AICC) will be marketed by a number of vehicle manufacturers before the end of the decade. This paper will describe AICC and the next generation systems currently being developed and validated within the EC Fourth Framework project, Anti-Collision Autonomous Support and Safety Intervention SysTem (AC ASSIST).The currently available cruise control systems which maintain a fixed speed are a well-known form of longitudinal driver support. The fixed speed cruise control becomes less useful with increased traffic volumes, as the driver must disable the system when a slower preceding vehicle is encountered.