bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial of skin‐to‐skin contact from birth versus conventional incubator for physiological stabilization in 1200 g to 2199 g newborns
Authors: Kennell John H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPublication of the report of Bergman et al. 1 should stimulate replications by others. If these investigators' findings are confirmed, and clear guidelines for the care of premature infants in the kangaroo method in the first 6 h and beyond are published, with particular attention to warm coverings for the babies' backs, this research could benefit large numbers of premature infants in the Third World. Conclusion: As the authors indicate, skin‐to‐skin contact from the birth of premature infants may also be a good alternative in First World settings.
Quality of care of the preterm infant—the parent and nurse perspective
Authors: Jackson Karin , Ternestedt Britt‐Marie , Magnuson Anders , Schollin Jens 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study the subjective opinions about what is important in care at neonatal units and child health centres (CHCs) for premature newborns, and to compare these opinions with the care actually given. Subjects: 21 mothers, 20 fathers and 15 nurses at the neonatal unit, and 21 mothers, 14 fathers and 18 nurses at CHCs. Methods: A questionnaire on quality of Care from the Patient's Perspective was used. It contained three dimensions: identity‐oriented approach, medical‐technical competence and socio‐cultural atmosphere. Each dimension was evaluated in terms of subjective importance and perceived reality of given care. Results: In general, subjective importance was rated higher than perceived reality both for neonatal care and care at CHCs for the dimensions identity‐oriented approach and medical‐technical competence. However, higher ratings were given to neonatal care compared to CHCs for medical‐technical competence. High‐risk diagnoses and very low gestational age in the newborn did not affect the answers. Mothers rated medical‐technical competence higher than nurses for neonatal care. Mothers and nurses rated identity‐oriented approach higher than fathers for CHCs. Conclusion: Although both neonatal care and care at CHCs were highly rated, improvements can be made to fulfil the expectations of parents and nurses. Neonatal units seem to be more efficient in taking care of the special needs of these newborns compared to CHCs. The need for an optimal identity‐oriented approach, medical‐technical competence and socio‐cultural atmosphere could strengthen the possibilities of parents to be confident in their parental role.
Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP) in young children with post‐infectious bronchiolitis obliterans
Authors: Kyun Kim Do , Yoo Young , Yu Jinho , Choi Sun Hee , Koh Young Yull 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a characteristic feature of asthma, but it is also frequently demonstrated by children and adults with chronic obstructive lung diseases. BHR is usually measured by bronchial challenges using direct or indirect stimuli. The aim of this study was to compare these two types of bronchial challenge in young children with post‐infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Methods: Methacholine and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP) bronchial challenges were performed on preschool children with post‐infectious BO (n=18), those with asthma (n=23) and in controls (n=20), using a modified auscultation method. The endpoint was defined as the appearance of wheezing and/or oxygen desaturation. Results: A positive response to methacholine (an endpoint concentration ≤8 mg/ml) was observed in 88.9% (16/18) of the patients with post‐infectious BO, but a positive response to AMP (an endpoint concentration ≤200 mg/ml) was observed in only 22.2% (4/18). All patients with asthma responded positively to methacholine, and most (21/23, 91.3%) of them also responded positively to AMP. The majority of the controls were insensitive to both challenges. Conclusion: BHR to methacholine is a frequent, but by no means universal, finding in young children with post‐infectious BO, but is usually not accompanied by BHR to AMP.
Clinical manifestations of Fabry disease in children: Data from the Fabry Outcome Survey
Authors: Ramaswami Uma , Whybra Catharina , Parini Rosella , Pintos‐Morell Guillem , Mehta Atul , Sunder‐Plassmann Gere , Widmer Urs , Beck Michael ,   ON BEHALF OF THE FOS EUROPEAN INVESTIGATORS
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background: Fabry disease is a rare X‐linked disorder caused by deficient activity of the enzyme α‐galactosidase A. This produces progressive lysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide throughout the body, leading to organ failure and premature death. Aim: Here, we present the clinical manifestations of Fabry disease in children enrolled in FOS—the Fabry Outcome Survey—a European database of the natural history of Fabry disease and the effects of enzyme replacement therapy with agalsidase alfa (Replagal™). Methods: Currently, there are 545 patients in FOS, from 11 European countries. We analysed the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of 82 of these patients (40 boys, 42 girls) who were below 18 y of age. The median age at evaluation (defined as the median age at entry into FOS) was 12.5 and 13.2 y for boys and girls, respectively. Results: The most frequent early clinical manifestations of Fabry disease were neurological (acroparaesthesiae, altered temperature sensitivity) and gastrointestinal symptoms (altered bowel habits and abdominal pain), which were documented in about 80% and 60% of patients, respectively, at the time of evaluation and subsequent entry into FOS. Tinnitus, vertigo, fatigue and angiokeratoma were present in over 40% of patients. Symptoms were noted in early childhood and occurred with similar frequency in boys and girls, although the onset of symptoms was 2–5 y later in girls than in boys. There was an approximately 3‐y delay from onset of symptoms to diagnosis, and patients were frequently misdiagnosed. Conclusion: Although the life‐threatening complications of Fabry disease, such as stroke and renal and heart failure, are not seen in children, the present analysis shows that other symptoms are common and may have an impact on quality of life.
8‐hydroxy‐2‐desoxyguanosine serum concentrations as a marker of DNA damage in patients with classical galactosaemia
Authors: Schulpis Kleopatra H. , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Tsakiris Stylianos 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:Classical galactosaemia is caused by a deficiency of galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyl transferase, resulting in high galactose (Gal), galactose‐1‐phosphate (Gal‐1‐P) and galactitol blood levels. Galactose/lactose restriction intake is the only treatment. 8‐hydroxy‐2‐desoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) is a marker of oxidized DNA damage.Aim:Since galactosaemia outcome is closely related to restriction of Gal intake, we aimed to evaluate correlations between Gal‐1‐P, total antioxidant status (TAS) and 8‐OHdG blood levels in galactosaemic patients on poor or strict diet.Methods:Venous blood samples were obtained from galactosaemic patients (n = 11) on poor diet (group A) and after 30 d on strict diet (group B). Twenty‐eight healthy children were the controls. Gal‐1‐P and TAS were evaluated in their blood spectrophotometrically and 8‐OHdG with an immunoassay.Results:TAS was significantly decreased (905±112 µmol/l) in patients on a “loose diet” (group A) as compared to those when restored to their diet (group B) (1340±112 µmol/l,p<0.001) and controls (1558±115 µmol/l,p<0.001). As expected, Gal‐1‐P levels were remarkably increased in group A. 8‐OHdG level was twofold higher (0.25±0.03 ng&ml) in group A than that of group B (0.11±0.04 ng/ml) and threefold higher than that of the controls (0.08±0.02 ng/ml). TAS and Gal‐1‐P inversely correlated to 8‐OHdG (r= − 0.802,p<0.001), whereas Gal‐1‐P positively correlated to 8‐OHdG (r=0.820,p<0.001) in all the groups.Conclusion:a) Low TAS and high Gal‐1‐P levels are implicated with high 8‐OHdG blood levels in galactosaemic patients; b) 8‐OHdG may be a sensitive biomarker of DNA damage in patients with classical galactosaemia.
Oral ranitidine and duration of gastric pH >4.0 in infants with persisting reflux symptoms
Authors: Salvatore Silvia , Hauser Bruno , Salvatoni Alessandro , Vandenplas Yvan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:Ranitidine is a drug commonly used in pathological gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR) in infants. Non‐responsiveness has been reported. Data regarding the effect of ranitidine on oesophageal acid exposure and reduction of gastric acid secretion are limited in this age group.Objective:To evaluate oesophageal acid exposure, reduction of gastric acid secretion and histology of oesophageal biopsies in infants who clinically do not respond to oral ranitidine.Patients and design:103 infants (mean age 3.3±1.8 mo) with persisting symptoms of reflux despite administration of ranitidine, prescribed previously by a referring physician, at a mean (SD) dose of 9.4 (±3.3) mg/kg/d for at least 2 wk (mean 30 d), were submitted to a 24‐h pH study and oesophageal biopsy (90/103 patients).Results:Histological oesophagitis was present in 21/90 (23%). The oesophageal reflux index (RI) was >5% and >10% in 21/103 (20%) and 6/103 (6%) infants, respectively. Gastric pH was >4.0 during <50%, >50%, >75% and >90% of the duration of pH monitoring in 33/103 (32%), 70/103 (68%), 22/103 (21%) and 7/103 (7%), respectively. By simple regression analysis, the dosage of ranitidine correlated with the oesophageal RI (r=0.21;p=0.05), but not with the duration of time gastric pH was >4.0 (r=0.09;p=0.39). Histological oesophagitis did not correlate with ranitidine dosage, duration of treatment, duration gastric pH was >4.0 and oesophageal reflux index.Conclusion:Some infants presenting with symptoms assumed to be GOR and acid related fail to respond to acid suppression with ranitidine, either because they need better acid suppression or because the symptoms are not acid related.
Absence of hypoglycemia in response to varying doses of recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor‐I (rhIGF‐I) in children and adolescents with low serum concentrations of IGF‐I
Authors: Guevara‐Aguirre Jaime , Guevara‐Aguirre Marco , Rosenbloom Arlan L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To determine whether recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor‐I (rhIGF‐I) administration to children with low IGF‐I and relatively low insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 (IGFBP3) serum concentrations would result in hypoglycemia. Methods: Eighteen children age 11–19 y with serum levels of IGF‐I < − 2 SDS and IGFBP3 < 0 SDS were randomly assigned to receive rhIGF‐I at 80 µg/kg body weight daily (n=6), 40 µg/kg twice daily (n=6), or 80 µg/kg twice daily (n=6). After a 10‐d dose escalation and 15 d of treatment at the specified dosage, a 25‐h pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile was obtained, which included 22 blood glucose measurements. Regular meals and snacks were provided. Results: No signs or symptoms of hypoglycemia were noted throughout the study. There were no differences in mean blood glucose concentrations among the three dosage groups. The lowest glucose value recorded, 3.44 mmol/l, was 15 min after a morning injection of 80 µg/kg IGF‐I, and promptly rose. Although subjects were selected on the basis of low concentrations of IGF‐I to represent proposed candidates for rhIGF‐I therapy, the mean and range of SDS for height were not different from those of previously studied normal Ecuadorian controls. Conclusion: In normal individuals with low serum concentrations of IGF‐I and relatively low concentrations of IGFBP3, the administration of therapeutic doses of rhIGF‐I, while maintaining reasonable food intake, does not result in hypoglycemia.
Very‐low‐birthweight and term small‐for‐gestational‐age adolescents: Attention revisited
Authors: Kulseng Siri , Jennekens‐Schinkel Aag , Naess Per , Romundstad Pål , Indredavik Marit , Vik Torstein , Brubakk Ann‐Mari 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To assess whether adolescents with very low birthweight (VLBW) and peers born small for gestational age (SGA) at term are at a disadvantage when attending to or executing tasks. Methods: Cohorts of 54 VLBW (≤1500 g), 60 SGA and 83 controls were tested with the Knox Cube Test, Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT II), Stroop Colour‐Word Test, Trail Making Test (TMT) A & B, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). IQ was estimated using the subtests vocabulary and picture arrangement of WISC III. Results: VLBW adolescents scored worse than controls on Knox Cube Test, Stroop Colour‐Word Test, TMT A & B and WCST, whereas term SGA adolescents only made more non‐perseverative errors in WCST and more errors in the interference condition of the Stroop Colour‐Word Test. Thirty‐two (38.6%) adolescents in the control group had poor performance (< 2 SD) on at least one of the tests compared with 40 (74.1%) VLBW (p<0.01) and 32 (53.3%) SGA adolescents (not significant). Conclusion: VLBW adolescents are at risk of disadvantage in aspects of attention and/or executive functions. The adverse effects of being born SGA at term appear to be few in these domains of cognitive function.
Anakinra therapy for CINCA syndrome with a novel mutation in exon 4 of the CIAS1 gene
Authors: Matsubayashi Tadashi , Sugiura Hiroshi , Arai Takashi , Oh‐Ishi Tsutomu , Inamo Yasuji 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report on a patient with chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome. Sequence analysis revealed a novel missense mutation in exon 4 of the CIAS1 gene. The patient was unresponsive to several treatments including prednisolone, immunosuppressants (azathioprine and cyclosporin), disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs: penicillamine, salazopyrin and methotrexate) and the tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐blocker infliximab. At 32 mo of age, administration of the recombinant human interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist anakinra commenced, which caused an immediate and marked improvement in the clinical symptoms and laboratory test results. Continuous inhibition of the inflammation required a dose of 1.0 mg/kg every 12 h. Conclusion: Following the diagnosis of CINCA syndrome, anakinra treatment should be commenced as the first line of therapy.
The prevalence of ADHD in children with enuresis: Comparison between a tertiary and non‐tertiary care sample
Authors: Baeyens Dieter , Roeyers Herbert , D'Haese Leen , Pieters Femke , Hoebeke Piet , Vande Walle Johan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Objective: The main aim of the current study was to determine reliable comorbidity rates of ADHD for enuretic children admitted either to non‐tertiary care or to a specialized paediatric clinic, i.e. tertiary care, since previous research has failed to incorporate a possible setting effect in this comorbidity; and to use a multi‐method multi‐informant assessment of ADHD. Material and methods: Eighty children, aged between 6 and 12 y, admitted to non‐tertiary care with enuresis and 120 children referred to tertiary care were screened for the presence of ADHD using a multi‐method (diagnostic interview, questionnaires) multi‐informant (parents, teachers) assessment. Results: Enuretic children from the tertiary care sample have a 3.4 times increased chance of having comorbid ADHD when compared to children with enuresis admitted to non‐tertiary care, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 28% and 10%, respectively. Overall, the tertiary care sample was older, showed more daytime incontinence and revealed an increasing prevalence of ADHD with older age when compared with the non‐tertiary care group. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of ADHD is increased in an enuretic population compared to community samples (3–5%). Moreover, enuretic children admitted to tertiary care show significantly higher comorbidity than non‐tertiary care patients. The ADHD prevalence in the former group increases with older age, suggesting therapy resistance and a negative prognosis for enuresis in the case of comorbidity.
Disappearance of middle ear effusion in acute otitis media monitored daily with tympanometry
Authors: Renko Marjo , Kontiokari Tero , Jounio‐Ervasti Katariina , Rantala Heikki , Uhari Matti 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background: Disappearance of middle ear effusion is one of the most important outcomes in the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM). Aim: To evaluate the duration of effusion in AOM treated by antimicrobials and to find factors influencing it. Methods: Parents of 90 children with AOM monitored daily the disappearance of effusion with tympanometry. The children were randomly allocated to be treated with either oral amoxicillin or cefuroxime‐axetil for 10 d. Daily monitoring lasted for 14 d or until the tympanogram was normal (curve A or C) in both ears. Pneumatic otoscopy was carried out every 2 wk. Results: Normal tympanograms were obtained after a median time of 7.5 d (range 1–58 d) among 75 successfully monitored patients. In two‐thirds (69%) of them, effusion resolved in 14 d. The median duration of effusion did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups (8 vs 7 days, p=0.7). The children who had unilateral AOM cured more rapidly than those with bilateral AOM (5 vs 19 d, p<0.001). In logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, bilaterality explained treatment failure at 2 wk with an odds ratio of 28.1 (95% CI 4.6–169.5, p<0.001). Conclusion: The choice of antimicrobials did not influence the duration of middle ear effusion, which was much shorter than had been thought previously. Children with unilateral AOM were cured much more quickly than those with bilateral AOM.
Delays in the diagnosis of anorectal malformations are common and significantly increase serious early complications
Authors: Lindley Richard M , Shawis Rang N , Roberts Julian P 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To clarify the extent of delayed diagnosis of anorectal malformations and the consequences of delaying this diagnosis. Methods: We performed a retrospective case review of all neonatal admissions with an anorectal malformation to a tertiary paediatric surgery unit. A delayed diagnosis was considered to be one made 24 h or more after birth. Results: 75 patients were included in the study group: 31 (42%) had a delay in the diagnosis; 44 (58%) had no delay in the diagnosis. The time of diagnosis where a delay had occurred ranged from 2–16 (median 2) d. A delay in diagnosis could not be accounted for by differences in age, sex, birthweight, gestational age, the severity or visibility of the lesion, the need for neonatal special or intensive care, or the presence of other anomalies. There were significantly more complications (including one death) amongst the group of children who had a delay in the diagnosis of an anorectal malformation. There was no significant difference in long‐term functional outcome. Conclusion: Delays in the diagnosis of anorectal malformations are much more common than previously thought. A delay in diagnosis significantly increases the risk of serious early complications and death.
Childhood drug‐resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Simon Schaaf H. , Marais Ben J. , Hesseling Anneke C. , Gie Robert P. , Beyers Nulda , Donald Peter R. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: Continued surveillance of drug resistance amongst children presenting with culture‐confirmed tuberculosis to a tertiary care hospital and to community clinics. Methods: Drug susceptibility testing for isoniazid and rifampicin was prospectively done on all children presenting with culture‐confirmed tuberculosis from three study populations: children diagnosed at Tygerberg Children's Hospital in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, between March 2003 and February 2005 (recent survey, hospital‐based group), and August 1994 and April 1998 (previous hospital‐based survey), and a community‐based group from five clinics during the recent survey. Results: Isoniazid resistance increased significantly from 6.9% (21/306 children) in the previous survey to 12.8% (40/313 children) in the recent survey (odds ratio (OR) 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–3.59). Resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin (multidrug resistance) did not increase significantly between the surveys (7/306 in previous survey vs 17/313 in recent survey; OR 2.45, 95% CI 0.94–6.62). All resistance (isoniazid and/or rifampicin) was 18/127 (14.2%) in the community‐based group compared to 23/192 (12.0%) in the hospital‐based group (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.41–1.68).  Conclusion: The prevalence of drug‐resistant tuberculosis in this setting is increasing, reflecting ongoing transmission of drug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Resistance to implementing Kangaroo Mother Care in developing countries, and proposed solutions
Authors: Charpak Nathalie , Gabriel Ruiz‐Peláez Juan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background: Randomized clinical trials have shown that Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) can decrease morbidity and mortality due to low birthweight. Between 1994 and 2004, 44 teams in 25 developing countries were trained in KMC in Bogotá, Colombia; however, not all the teams were successful in initiating their own programmes and, of those that started, not all replicated the validated model. Aim: To identify factors involved in unsuccessful KMC implementation and find solutions. Methods: A study was conducted in which 17 open‐ended questionnaires were sent by e‐mail to the coordinators of functioning KMC programmes in 15 countries, and 15 site visits were made to institutes that reported problems in starting programmes. The information was classified according to the perceived obstacle and the KMC model component involved. Results: The early‐discharge component (including ambulatory follow‐up) was that found most difficult to implement. Resistance from health professionals, mothers and families was often related to local cultural practices. Conclusion: Active surveillance for and appropriate identification of obstacles usually indicated the appropriate solution. Some of the obstacles were common to many second‐generation KMC programmes, making this information valuable for the implementation of programmes.
Growth from birth to age 19 for children in Sweden born in 1981: Descriptive values
Authors: Werner Bo , Bodin Lennart 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To describe Swedish children's growth (i.e. height, weight and body mass index) from birth to age 19 y. Methods: Every infant born on the 15th of any month in 1981 and living in Sweden as of 31 December 1989 was sampled. Longitudinal data were collected from childhood and school health records, and analysis by piecewise linear regression gave statistical descriptions of height, weight and body mass index for every age group. Results: The data include measurements of 3107 of 3158 sampled children; 1.6% of individuals are missing, so non‐response bias is minimal. Thus, statistical descriptions and comparisons with similar data sets can be based on data with unusually high national representativeness. Selected subgroups (i.e. individuals born outside Sweden, suffering from chronic disease causing major growth impairment, or with birthweight <2500 g) deviate in growth pattern, and exclusion of these subgroups increases means and decreases SD for height but only slightly influences summary statistics for weight and body mass index. Conclusion: This study represents, without selection bias, the current growth situation among children and adolescents in Sweden, enabling both epidemiological comparisons over time and comparisons with other national surveys.