bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herstellung und komplexe Charakterisierung von Metall‐Keramik‐Verbundschichten
Authors: Kups T. , Knote A. , Krüger H.‐G. , Winkler H.‐V. , Kern H. , Spieß L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss der Herstellungsbedingungen und ‐materialien von Metall‐Keramik‐Verbundschichten auf die strukturellen Eigenschaften der Schichten untersucht und optimiert, um insbesondere die mechanischen Eigenschaften zu erhöhen. Dabei erfolgte die Abscheidung der Metall‐Keramik‐Verbundschichten durch eine Verfahrenskombination von elektrophoretischer und galvanischer Abscheidung unter zu Hilfenahme von Siloxan als Bindemittel. Es konnten somit Schichten mit einem hohen Keramikgehalt erfolgreich hergestellt werden. Als keramische Komponenten wurden kommerzielle Siliciumkarbid‐ und Siliciumnitrid‐Partikel eingesetzt. Als metallische Komponenten um die poröse keramische Schicht aufzufüllen und die Struktur zu festigen, kamen Nickel bzw. Kupfer zum Einsatz, wobei eine Vorvernickelung bzw. Vorverkupferung des Stahl‐Substrats (X6Cr17) erforderlich war, um die gewünschten Eigenschaften hinsichtlich der Haftfestigkeit der Schichten zu erhalten. Die Charakterisierung erfolgte mittels optischer Mikroskopie und Raster‐ und Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (REM, TEM), wo besonders die Ausbildung der Verbindung der einzelnen Partikel durch das Siloxan deutlich wurde.
Minocycline 1‐year therapy in multiple‐system‐atrophy: Effect on clinical symptoms and [11C] (R)‐PK11195 PET (MEMSA‐trial)
Authors: Dodel Richard , Spottke Annika , Gerhard Alexander , Reuss Alexander , Reinecker Sylvia , Schimke Nicole , Trenkwalder Claudia , Sixel‐Döring Friederike , Herting Birgit , Kamm Christoph , Gasser Thomas , Sawires Martin , Geser Felix , Köllensperger Martin , Seppi Klaus , Kloss Manja , Krause Martin , Daniels Christine , Deuschl Günther , Böttger Silke , Naumann Markus , Lipp Axel , Gruber Doreen , Kupsch Andreas , Du Yansheng , Turkheimer Federico , Brooks David J. , Klockgether Thomas , Poewe Werner , Wenning Gregor , Schade‐Brittinger Carmen , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Eggert Karla 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of the antibiotic minocycline as a drug treatment in patients with Multiple‐System‐Atrophy Parkinson‐type (MSA‐P). Sixty‐three patients were randomized to minocycline 200 mg/d (n = 32) or a matching placebo (n = 31). The primary outcome variable was the change in the value of the motor score of the Unified Multiple‐System‐Atrophy Rating‐Scale (UMSARSII) from baseline to 48 weeks. Secondary outcome variables included subscores and individual Parkinsonian symptoms as determined by the UMSARS and the Unified‐Parkinson's‐Disease Rating‐Scale (UPDRS). Health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) was assessed using the EQ‐5D and SF‐12. “Progression rate” was assumed to be reflected in the change in motor function over 48 weeks. At 24 weeks and 48 weeks of follow‐up, there was a significant deterioration in motor scores in both groups, but neither the change in UMSARSII nor in UPDRSIII differed significantly between treatment groups, i.e. “progression rate” was considered to be similar in both treatment arms. HrQoL did not differ among the two treatment arms. In a small subgroup of patients (n = 8; minocycline = 3, placebo = 5)[11C](R)‐PK11195‐PET was performed. The three patients in the minocycline group had an attenuated mean increase in microglial activation as compared to the placebo group (P = 0.07) and in two of them individually showed decreased [11C](R)‐PK11195 binding actually decreased. These preliminary PET‐data suggest that minocycline may interfere with microglial activation. The relevance of this observation requires further investigation. This prospective, 48 week, randomized, double‐blind, multinational study failed to show a clinical effect of minocycline on symptom severity as assessed by clinical motor function. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Baroreflex sensitivity and power spectral analysis during autonomic testing in different extrapyramidal syndromes
Authors: Friedrich Constanze , Rüdiger Heinz , Schmidt Claudia , Herting Birgit , Prieur Silke , Junghanns Susann , Schweitzer Katherine , Globas Christoph , Schöls Ludger , Berg Daniela , Reichmann Heinz , Ziemssen Tjalf 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAutonomic dysfunction has been frequently demonstrated in patients with extrapyramidal diseases by cardiovascular autonomic testing. In addition to classical testing, we applied the more detailed baroreflex and spectral analysis on three traditional cardiovascular tests in this study to get additional information on autonomic outflow. We recorded continuously blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and respiration in 35 patients with multiple system atrophy, 32 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy, 46 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and in 27 corresponding healthy subjects during cardiovascular autonomic testing (metronomic breathing, Valsalva manoeuvre, head‐up tilt). Baroreflex and spectral analyses were performed by using trigonometric regressive spectral analysis between and during the manoeuvres. Consistent with previous interpretations, our data showed an increase of sympathetic activity in head‐up tilt and Valsalva test in healthy controls. This sympathetic activity was significantly decreased in patients with typical and atypical Parkinson syndromes. Significant modulation of baroreflex activity could be observed especially during metronomic breathing; again it was significantly lower in all patient groups. Baroreflex and spectral parameters could not only differentiate between patients and healthy controls, but also differentiate between clinically symptomatic (with autonomic dysfunction as eg. orthostatic hypotension) and asymptomatic patients. In conclusion, our approach allows the evaluation of autonomic variability during short and nonstationary periods of time and may constitute a useful advance in the assessment of autonomic function in both physiological and pathological conditions. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Photophobia in essential blepharospasm—A positron emission tomographic study
Authors: Emoto Hirofumi , Suzuki Yukihisa , Wakakura Masato , Horie Chiharu , Kiyosawa Motohiro , Mochizuki Manabu , Kawasaki Keiichi , Oda Keiichi , Ishiwata Kiichi , Ishii Kenji 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo localize regional alterations in cerebral glucose metabolism in essential blepharospasm (EB) patients with photophobia. We have studied 22 EB patients by performing positron emission tomography and [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose analysis. The patients were classified into two subgroups, namely, EB with photophobia (P group) and EB without photophobia (NP group), and compared with a healthy control group (n = 44). There were no significant differences between the two patient groups with respect to the severity of motor symptoms or the duration for which the condition persisted. The FDG‐PET images were analyzed using the statistical parametric mapping software. As compared to the control group, the P group exhibited significant hypermetabolism in the thalamus (P = 0.002), while the NP group exhibited significant hypometabolism in the dorsal midbrain, especially, in the superior colliculus (P = 0.005). The P group exhibited significant hypermetabolism in the thalamus and the dorsal midbrain as compared to the NP group (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that photophobia in EB patients may be associated with abnormal hyperactivity in the thalamus. Either hyperactivity of the thalamus or hypoactivity of the superior colliculus, or both may be associated with excessive blinking in these patients. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Depression and major depressive disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Inoue Takeshi , Kitagawa Mayumi , Tanaka Teruaki , Nakagawa Shin , Koyama Tsukasa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe prevalence of depression in Parkinson's disease (PD) varies greatly. In this study, we investigated major depressive disorder (MDD) and depressive symptoms without MDD in patients with PD. The psychopathological characteristics of depressive symptoms were assessed by a psychiatric interview. A total of 105 Japanese patients with PD without dementia were included. The Japanese version of the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) with a cutoff score of 13/14 was used to screen for depression. Using a structured interview, a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation of patients with BDI‐II scores >13 (high BDI patients) was completed using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)‐IV‐TR. Forty patients (38%) had a BDI‐II >13, but 29 did not show any depressed mood. Five cases met the criteria for MDD (three current, two past) and one patient was diagnosed with minor depressive disorder. A slight depressed mood that was associated with worrying about PD was seen in 6 of 34 patients without any depressive disorder and fluctuated with aggravation of PD symptoms in two of these patients. For the diagnosis of MDD, the number of positive items from the DSM‐IV‐TR definition of MDD is most important and useful for differentiating MDD and non‐MDD. The low‐prevalence rate of MDD in our patient population suggests that PD may be a psychological stressor for MDD, but does not necessarily induce MDD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Steady‐state level of kit ligand mRNA in goat ovaries and the role of kit ligand in preantral follicle survival and growth in vitro
Authors: Celestino Juliana J.H. , Bruno Jamily B. , Lima‐Verde Isabel B. , Matos Maria Helena T. , Saraiva Mércia Viviane A. , Chaves Roberta N. , Martins Fabricio S. , Almeida Anderson P. , Cunha Rodrigo M.S. , Lima Laritza F. , Name Khesller P.O. , Campello Claudio C. , Silva José Roberto V. , Báo Sônia N. , Figueiredo José Ricardo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate steady‐state level of Kit Ligand (KL) mRNA and its effects on in vitro survival and growth of caprine preantral follicles. RT‐PCR was used to analyze caprine steady‐state level of KL mRNA in primordial, primary, and secondary follicles, and in small (1–3 mm) and large (3–6 mm) antral follicles. Furthermore, ovarian fragments were cultured for 1 or 7 days in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM+) supplemented with KL (0, 1, 10, 50, 100, or 200 ng/ml). Noncultured (control) and cultured fragments were processed for histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RT‐PCR demonstrated an increase in steady‐state level of KL mRNA during the transition from primary to secondary follicles. Small antral follicles had higher steady‐state levels of KL mRNA in granulosa and theca cells than large follicles. After 7 days, only 50 ng/ml of KL had maintained the percentage of normal follicles similar to control. After 1 day, all KL concentrations reduced the percentage of primordial follicles and increased the percentage of growing follicles. KL at 10, 50, 100, or 200 ng/ml increased primary follicles, compared to MEM+ after 7 days. An increase in oocyte and follicular diameter was observed at 50 ng/ml of KL. TEM confirmed ultrastructural integrity of follicles after 7 days at 50 ng/ml of KL. In conclusion, the KL mRNAs were detected in all follicular categories. Furthermore, 50 ng/ml of KL maintained the integrity of caprine preantral follicle cultured for 7 days and stimulated primordial follicle activation and follicle growth. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 231–240, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compact schemes for anisotropic reaction–diffusion equations with adaptive time step
Authors: Heidenreich E. A. , Gaspar F. J. , Ferrero J. M. , Rodríguez J. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMany problems in biology and engineering are governed by anisotropic reaction–diffusion equations with a very rapidly varying reaction term. These characteristics of the system imply the use of very fine meshes and small time steps in order to accurately capture the propagating wave avoiding the appearance of spurious oscillations in the wave front. This work develops a fourth‐order compact scheme for anisotropic reaction–diffusion equations with stiff reactive terms. As mentioned, the scheme accounts for the anisotropy of the media and incorporates an adaptive time step for handling the stiff reactive term. The high‐order scheme allows working with coarser meshes without compromising numerical accuracy rendering a more efficient numerical algorithm by reducing the total computation time and memory requirements. The order of convergence of the method has been demonstrated on an analytical solution with Neumann boundary conditions. The scheme has also been implemented for the solution of anisotropic electrophysiology problems. Anisotropic square samples of normal and ischemic cardiac tissue have been simulated by means of the monodomain model with the reactive term defined by Luo–Rudy II dynamics. The simulations proved the effectiveness of the method in handling anisotropic heterogeneous non‐linear reaction–diffusion problems. Bidimensional tests also indicate that the fourth‐order scheme requires meshes about 45% coarser than the standard second‐order method in order to achieve the same accuracy of the results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalable TFETI algorithm for the solution of multibody contact problems of elasticity
Authors: Dostál Z. , Kozubek T. , Vondrák V. , Brzobohatý T. , Markopoulos A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA Total FETI (TFETI)‐based domain decomposition algorithm with preconditioning by a natural coarse grid of the rigid body motions is adapted to the solution of multibody contact problems of elasticity in 2D and 3D and proved to be scalable. The algorithm finds an approximate solution at the cost asymptotically proportional to the number of variables provided the ratio of the decomposition parameter and the discretization parameter is bounded. The analysis is based on the classical results by Farhat, Mandel, and Roux on scalability of FETI with a natural coarse grid for linear problems and on our development of optimal quadratic programming algorithms for bound and equality constrained problems. The algorithm preserves parallel scalability of the classical FETI method. Both theoretical results and numerical experiments indicate a high efficiency of our algorithm. In addition, its performance is illustrated on a real‐world problem of analysis of the ball bearing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
K‐ras exon 4A has a tumour suppressor effect on carcinogen‐induced murine colonic adenoma formation
Authors: Luo Feijun , Ye Hongtao , Hamoudi Rifat , Dong Gehong , Zhang Wenyan , Patek Charles E , Poulogiannis George , Arends Mark J 
Published: December 2009

AbstractK‐ras encodes two isoforms, K‐ras 4A and 4B, that are jointly affected by K‐ras activating mutations, which are prevalent in colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC shows alterations in the expressed K‐ras 4A : 4B isoform ratio in favour of K‐ras 4B, in tumours both with and without K‐ras mutations. The present study evaluated whether K‐ras 4A expression can suppress colonic adenoma development in the absence of its oncogenic allele. Mice with homozygous targeted deletions of K‐ras exon 4A (K‐rastmΔ4A/tmΔ4A) that can express the K‐ras 4B isoform only, along with heterozygous K‐rastmΔ4A/+ and wild‐type mice, were given ten weekly 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH) treatments to induce colonic adenomas. There was a significant increase in both the number and the size of colonic adenomas in DMH‐treated K‐rastmΔ4A/tmΔ4A mice, with reduced survival, compared with heterozygous and wild‐type mice. No K‐ras mutations were found in any of the 30 tumours tested from the three groups. Lack of expression of K‐ras 4A transcripts was confirmed, whereas the relative expression levels of K‐ras 4B transcripts were significantly increased in the adenomas of K‐rastmΔ4A/tmΔ4A mice compared with K‐rastmΔ4A/+ and wild‐type mice. Immunohistochemical studies showed that adenomas of K‐rastmΔ4A/tmΔ4A mice had significantly increased cell proliferation and significantly decreased apoptosis with evidence of activation of MapKinase and Akt pathways, with increased phospho‐Erk1/2 and both phospho‐Akt‐Thr308 and phospho‐Akt‐Ser473 immunostaining, compared with adenomas from K‐rastmΔ4A/+ and wild‐type mice. In conclusion, following DMH treatment, K‐ras exon 4A deletion promoted increased number and size of colonic adenomas showing increased K‐ras 4B expression, increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and activation of MapKinase and Akt pathways, in the absence of K‐ras mutations. Therefore, K‐ras 4A expression had a tumour suppressor effect on carcinogen‐induced murine colonic adenoma formation, explaining the selective advantage of the altered K‐ras 4A : 4B isoform ratio found in human colorectal cancer. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of insulin lispro in pregnancies complicated with pregestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Banerjee M , Bhattacharya A , Hughes SM , Vice PA 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInsulin is the mainstay in the management of pregnancies complicated by pregestational diabetes. Insulin analogues are useful in the non‐pregnant state, leading to better glycaemic control. Our study tested the hypothesis that using insulin lispro in such pregnancies would lead to better feto‐maternal outcome when compared to human insulin.The study was conducted as a retrospective case‐control study, and was undertaken in the antenatal clinic of Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust between 1997 and 2001. The study involved 153 consecutive women with pregestational diabetes, 83 of whom were treated with insulin lispro and the rest with human insulin. Details of their management and outcome were derived from their medical, obstetric and paediatric notes. The main outcome measures were: maternal glycaemic control at term, conclusion of pregnancy, Caesarean section rate, birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, neonatal jaundice, congenital anomalies and neonatal hypoglycaemia.There was a significant improvement in HbA1c at term in the group treated with insulin lispro (‐0.75%, [‐1.04 to ‐0.46]) when compared with the human insulin group (‐0.18%, [‐0.47 to 0.11]); p=0.005. This was not associated with a significant difference in feto‐maternal outcome, apart from a higher NICU admission rate in the insulin lispro group. This adverse effect disappeared after adjusting for other co‐variates.Hence, when compared to human insulin, insulin lispro provides better glycaemic control, without adversely affecting feto‐maternal outcomes in pregnancy complicated with pregestational diabetes, which may be reflected in a better developmental outcome in the children. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Use of psychotropic drugs and analgesics among users of antiobesity drugs—a population based study
Authors: Amundsen Merethe Omdal , Engdahl Bo , Berg Christian , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent patients using prescription antiobesity drugs (orlistat, sibutramine and rimonabant) concomitantly or concurrently used psychotropic drugs and analgesics and the association between this drug use and the patients' gender and age. An additional aim was to investigate the sequence of drug therapy among users of both antiobesity drugs and antidepressants or antipsychotics, respectively.MethodsData were retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). All patients who had an antiobesity drug (ATC code A08A) dispensed from a Norwegian pharmacy between January 2004 and December 2007 were included in the study.ResultsOne in four patients using antiobesity drugs had at least on one occasion used a psychotropic drug concomitantly. The most commonly used psychotropic drugs were anxiolytics/hypnotics/sedatives (17.7%) and antidepressants (14.7%). Analgesics were used by 36.2%. A significantly higher percentage of women used anxiolytics/hypnotics/sedatives (18.8% vs. 14.0%, p < 0.0005), antidepressants (16.1% vs. 9.5%, p < 0.0005), antipsychotics (4.0% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.0005) and analgesics (37.8% vs. 30.5%, p < 0.0005) concomitantly with antiobesity drugs when compared to men. One out of ten patients using sibutramine had at least on one occasion used an interacting drug concomitantly.ConclusionUse of psychotropic drugs and analgesics among patients using antiobesity drugs is extensive, especially among women. Clinicians prescribing sibutramine should be more aware of drug interactions with other prescribed drugs. There is still insufficient information on psychiatric disorders among these patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced wear performance of nylon 6/organoclay nanocomposite by blending with a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer
Authors: Zhang Baoqing , Wong Julia Shuk‐Ping , Yam Richard Ching‐Man , Li Robert Kwok‐Yiu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new approach for improving the wear performances of nylon 6 (PA6)/clay nanocomposites was examined in this study. Two hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) and a well‐dispersed PA6/clay nanocomposite, but with and without the incorporation of maleic‐anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as compatibilizer. The addition of MAPP improved the compatibility between TLCP and matrix and thus enhanced the fibrillation of dispersed TLCP phase. Wear‐testing results revealed that the wear resistance of the compatibilized hybrid nanocomposite could be improved effectively, as indicated by the low values of specific wear rate and frictional coefficient, especially under high‐normal load (i.e., 80 N). Based on the characterization on the worn damage and the debris, it was suggested that abrasive wear was the main‐damage mechanism for all the materials under investigation, except for the compatibilized hybrid nanocomposite. For this system, the wear damage was caused by a combination of abrasive and adhesive wearing because of the formation of transfer film on the counter pin surface from the wear debris. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Higher‐molecular‐weight hyperbranched polyethylenes containing crosslinking structures as lubricant viscosity‐index improvers
Authors: Morgan Shawn , Ye Zhibin , Subramanian Ramesh , Zhu Shiping 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAs a new grade of polyethylene materials with unique chain architectures, hyperbranched polyethylenes synthesized by chain walking ethylene polymerization have great potential for industrial application as novel viscosity index (VI) improver in lubricant formulation. Although high‐molecular‐weight hyperbranched polyethylenes (weight‐average molecular weight of about 105 g/mol) possess high shear stability, their viscosity thickening properties are compromised due to their compact chain architectures. In this work, we aim at improving their viscosity thickening property by increasing polymer molecular weight. A range of hyperbranched polymers of various enhanced molecular weights were synthesized by chain walking ethylene polymerization in the presence of small amounts of 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate as a difunctional crosslinker. The molecular weight dependences of viscosity thickening power and shear stability of these polymers containing crosslinking structures were evaluated. It is found that, with the increase of molecular weight via crosslinking, these polymers showed consistently enhanced viscosity thickening power, but with the reduced shear stability. However, their shear stability was still significantly better compared to linear polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers