bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid LC‐MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetic application of linarin in rat plasma
Authors: Yan Chong , Liu Hongju , Lin Li 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTA sensitive, selective and robust liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the rapid determination of linarin in rat plasma. Separation of the analyte and warfarin as internal standard (IS) from 100 μL rat plasma was carried out by simple protein precipitation treatment. Chromatographic separation of the analyte was performed on a Diamonsil® C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol–0.5% formic acid (80:20, v/v). The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min and the total run time was not more than 4.0 min. The method was validated over a wide dynamic concentration range of 1.00–1000 ng/mL for linarin. The precision and accuracy values for linarin met the acceptance criteria according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Linarin was stable in the stability studies including a long‐term test (−80°C for 43 days), a short‐term test (ambient for 2 h and autosampler for 8 h) and three freeze–thaw cycles (−80–25°C). The developed assay method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study in rats after a single intramuscular administration of 713 µg/kg linarin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomical planes: Are we teaching accurate surface anatomy?
Authors: Mirjalili S. Ali , McFadden Sarah L. , Buckenham Tim , Wilson Ben , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAnatomical planes used in clinical practice and teaching anatomy are largely derived from cadaver studies. Numerous inconsistencies in clinically important surface markings exist between and within anatomical reference texts. The aim of this study was to reassess the accuracy of common anatomical planes in vivo using computed tomographic (CT) imaging. CT scans of the trunk in supine adults at end tidal inspiration were analyzed by dual consensus reporting to determine the anatomy of five anatomical planes: sternal angle, transpyloric, subcostal, supracristal, and the plane of the pubic crest. Patients with kyphosis, scoliosis, or abnormal lordosis, distorting space‐occupying lesions, or visceromegaly were excluded. Among 153 thoracic CT scans (mean age 63 years, 53% female), the sternal angle was most common at T4 (females) or T4/5 (males) vertebral level, and the tracheal bifurcation, aortic arch, and pulmonary trunk were most often below this plane. In 108 abdominal CT scans (mean age 60 years, 59% female), the subcostal and supracristal planes were most often at L2 (58%) and L4 (69%), respectively. In 52 thoracoabdominal CT scans (mean age 61 years, 56% female), the transpyloric plane was between lower L1 and upper L2 (75%); in this plane were the superior mesenteric artery (56%), formation of the portal vein (53%), tip of the ninth rib (60%), and the left renal hilum (54%), but the right renal hilum and gallbladder fundus were more often below. The surface anatomy of anatomical planes needs revising in the light of results from living subjects using modern imaging techniques. Clin. Anat. 25:819–826, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Lichtabsorption durch Tryptophan aktiviert pflanzlichen UV‐B‐Rezeptor
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPflanzen reagieren vielfältig auf Bestrahlung mit UV‐Licht: Die verstärkte Synthese von phenolischen Schutzpigmenten und DNA‐Reparaturenzymen wirkt Strahlenschäden entgegen, Veränderungen der Morphogenese erhöhen darüber hinaus die allgemeine Stresstoleranz. Die erforderlichen Veränderungen der Genexpression werden durch einen UV‐B‐Rezeptor besonderer Art eingeleitet, der das UV‐Licht mit Hilfe von Tryptophan‐Bestandteilen einfängt. Somit unterscheidet er sich grundlegend von den Photorezeptoren für sichtbares Licht, bei denen immer die lichtinduzierte chemische Modifikation eines Chromophors die Signaltransduktion einleitet.
Platin‐Recycling
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFein verteiltes Platin ist der beste kathodische Katalysator in PEMBrennstoffzellen (proton‐exchange membrane). Allerdings ist der Platin‐Gehalt je Brennstoffzelle recht hoch. Der hohe Aufwand der Platin‐Gewinnung schlägt sich im Preis nieder. Das Edelmetall zu recyceln gelingt bislang nur durch schwierige, komplizierte Prozesse. Einen neuen Weg schlagen taiwanesische Chemiker vor: Sie setzen auf eine Elektrolyse mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten als Elektrolyt.
“Walter E. Richartz hat anders getickt als die anderen, aber sehr leise”
Authors: Hanuschek Sven 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEin Spaziergang durch das literarische Werk des Erzählers, Übersetzers, Chemikers, Experimentators und Alltags‐Surrealisten von Sven Hanuschek.In diesem Beitrag steht der Schriftsteller W. E. Richartz im Mittelpunkt. Über den Chemiker berichtet Heribert Offermanns im voranstehenden Kurzaufsatz (S. 158–159).
Endlagerung radioaktiver Abfälle
Authors: Mengel Kurt , Röhlig Klaus‐Jürgen , Geckeis Horst 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAls Wirtsgesteine für die Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle in tiefen geologischen Formationen werden weltweit Tonstein, Granit und Steinsalz untersucht. Diese Gesteinstypen weisen sehr unterschiedliche Eigenschaften hinsichtlich ihres mechanischen und chemischen Verhaltens auf, insbesondere bei der Einlagerung von wärmeentwickelnden Abfällen. Diese Unterschiede beruhen auf den jeweiligen Bildungsbedingungen: Langsame Sedimentation feinkörniger Minerale aus der Meerwassersäule im Bereich großer Flussmündungen mit anschließender Diagenese (Tonsteine); Kristallisation silikatischer Magmen in den oberen 20 km der kontinentalen Erdkruste bei 700 bis 850°C (Granit) und chemische Fällung von Chloriden und Sulfaten aus eindunstendem Meerwasser in isolierten ozeanischen Randbecken unter ariden Bedingungen der geologischen Vergangenheit (Steinsalz). Granit reagiert vergleichsweise wenig mit wässrigen Lösungen, wenn das Gestein durch radiogene Wärmeentwicklung im Endlager Temperaturerhöhungen ausgesetzt wird. Solche Temperaturveränderung beeinflussen dagegen die mechanischen und die chemischen Eigenschaften von Tonstein und von Steinsalz in erheblichem Maße: In Tonsteinen können die Rückhalteeigenschaften der Schichtsilikate gegenüber potentiell ausgetretenen Radionukliden leiden (Illitisierungsreaktionen), die Plastizität von Steinsalz korreliert mit der Temperatur, was zu einem schnelleren Umschließen von Abfallbehältern führt. Von großer Bedeutung für die Auswahl von einschlusswirksamen Gebirgsbereichen im Steinsalz ist aus chemischer Sicht die Abwesenheit reaktionsfähiger hochsalinarer Lösungen, die je nach Zusammensetzung bei erhöhten Temperaturen mit Teilen der Salzformation wie z.B. Kali‐Flözen reagieren können.
Amyloid‐Plaques – wie sie entstehen und wie man sie wieder los wird
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAmyloid‐Plaques, Ablagerungen von verklumpten Proteinfasern, werden schon seit langem mit der Alzheimer‐Demenz und anderen Krankheiten in Verbindung gebracht. Erst jetzt beginnt man allerdings zu verstehen, wie sich diese Fasern bilden, und auch für die Therapie der Amyloid‐Krankheiten gibt es einen Hoffnungsschimmer.
Gezinkte Abwehr: Antimikrobieller Schweiß
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWenn Schweiß aus den Poren dringt, verteilt er antimikrobiell wirksame Peptide auf der Haut. Zu den beim Menschen seltenen anionischen Vertretern zählt das Peptid Dermcidin. Es ist im salzigen Milieu des Schweißes stabil – ja, braucht es sogar zur optimalen Wirksamkeit. Forscher aus Tübingen und Karlsruhe untersuchten die Sekundärstruktur und den Abwehrmechanismus gegen Bakterien.
Eine intermolekulare Ritter‐Reaktion an Alkanen
Authors: Doye Sven 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDie Ritter‐Reaktion ist eine etablierte und synthetisch äußerst nützliche Methode zur Herstellung von Carbonsäureamiden, bei der Nitrile in einem stark sauren Medium mit Alkenen oder Alkoholen umgesetzt werden (Abbildung 1). Nun gelang es, die Substratpalette um normalerweise völlig unreaktive, nicht funktionalisierte Alkane zu erweitern.
An investigation into the effect of biomass particle size on its torrefaction
Authors: Basu Prabir , Rao Shailendra , Dhungana Alok 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPresent work examines an important practical aspect of torrefaction that is, the effect of size and shape of biomass on torrefaction. Experiments were conducted on different sizes of Poplar and Oak wood in directly heated torrefaction reactors. Experiments were conducted with 13, 19 and 25 mm diameter Poplar wood with lengths varying from 8 to 65 mm long. Most of the experiments were conducted at 250°C for 60 min in a directly heated convective reactor with limited few in a fluidised bed reactor. Results showed increase in mass and energy yield with increasing particle length but opposite with particle diameter. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Numerical treatment of boundary conditions to replace lateral branches in hemodynamics
Authors: Porpora A. , Zunino P. , Vergara C. , Piccinelli M. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we discuss a technique for weakly enforcing flow rate conditions in computational hemodynamics. In particular, we study the effectiveness of cutting lateral branches from the computational domain and replacing them with non‐perturbing boundary conditions to simplify the geometrical reconstruction and the numerical simulation. All these features are investigated both in the case of rigid and compliant walls. Several numerical results are presented to discuss the reliability of the proposed method.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taxonomic identity of Cardamine leucantha (Brassicaceae) in Korea
Authors: Song Imgeun , Park Seonjoo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe reevaluated two taxa of Cardamine leucantha (Tausch) O. E. Schulz in Korea. The morphological characteristics and molecular datasets of individuals collected were compared with those of herbarium specimens, including type specimens in TI. The results indicated that C. leucantha var. toensis T. Lee (invalid name) and C. koreana Nakai were characterized by a continuous distribution of morphological data, such as those for leaf margin or hairy ovary. Furthermore, molecular datasets (including internal transcriber spacer (ITS) and trn L‐F region) did not support the view that these are separate taxa based on the hairy ovary or fruit valve. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Protein Nanofibrils Balance Colours in Organic White‐Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Solin Niclas , Inganäs Olle 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this review we discuss our efforts in using protein nanowires (amyloid fibrils) as structural templates for use in organic electronics applications, mainly focusing on organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). We discuss different ways of functionalising amyloid fibrils. In one method, the amyloid fibril is used to organise luminescent polymers. We also discuss an alternative preparative method, resulting in amyloid‐like materials functionalised with phosphorescent organometallic complexes. We discuss the incorporation of such materials in organic electronics devices, such as OLEDs. When amyloid fibrils are integrated into the OLED active layer, consisting of an electroluminescent blue‐emitting polyfluorene, the efficiency of the device increases by a factor of 10. Furthermore, when amyloid fibrils incorporating phosphorescent metal complexes are used, the phosphorescent guest functions more efficiently than in the corresponding case where naked metal complexes are used. By preparing amyloid fibrils incorporating green‐ and red‐emitting phosphorescent complexes, and combining these with blue‐emitting polyfluorene, we can fabricate devices for white‐light emission. The origin of the effects of the biomaterial on device performance is discussed.
Heart‐beat‐phase‐coherent Doppler optical coherence tomography for measuring pulsatile ocular blood flow
Authors: Schmoll Tilman , Leitgeb Rainer A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe introduce a Doppler OCT (DOCT) platform that is fully synchronized with the heart‐beat via a pulse oximeter. The system allows reconstructing heart‐beat‐phase‐coherent quantitative DOCT volumes. The method is to acquire a series of DOCT volumes and to record the pulse in parallel. The heartbeat data is used for triggering the start of each DOCT volume acquisition. The recorded volume series is registered to the level of capillaries using a cross‐volume registration. The information of the pulse phase is used to rearrange the tomograms in time, to obtain a series of phase coherent DOCT volumes over a pulse. We present Doppler angle independent quantitative evaluation of the absolute pulsatile blood flow within individual retinal vessels as well as of the total retinal blood flow over a full heartbeat cycle. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Olfactory dysfunctions in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Ruan Yang , Zheng Xiang‐Yu , Zhang Hong‐Liang , Zhu Wei , Zhu Jie 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOlfactory dysfunction is a common symptom in the patients with neurodegenerative disorders, particularly in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, studies of olfactory dysfunction have focused on its potential as a medication‐independent biomarker for disease progression and as an early indicator for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. In the past decades, great achievements have been obtained in elucidating the neuroanatomy and the function of olfactory system, yet the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders remains elusive. The neuropathologic changes of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases may involve the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, primary olfactory cortices, and their secondary targets changes. This article summarizes the up‐to‐date knowledge on pathophysiological changes of the olfactory system in neurodegenerative disorders and attempts to find the association between olfactory dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorders. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in optic nerve degeneration following N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate‐induced retinal damage in mice
Authors: Shimazawa Masamitsu , Miwa Akinori , Ito Yasushi , Tsuruma Kazuhiro , Aihara Makoto , Hara Hideaki 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe evaluated time‐dependent optic nerve degeneration and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this process following retinal ganglion cell death in mice. Retinal damage was induced by intravitreal injection of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA). Neurofilament heavy (NFH)‐ and phosphorylated NFH (pNFH)‐positive axons were time‐dependently decreased in optic nerves at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after NMDA injection. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive astroglial cells and ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1)‐positive microglial cells showed a significant increase in the optic nerve at 7, 14, and 28 days after NMDA injection. In contrast, expression of myelin basic protein (MBP)‐positive oligodendrocytes showed a significant decrease in the optic nerve at 7, 14, and 28 days after NMDA injection. In quantitative RT‐PCR analysis, expressions of glucose‐regulated protein 78 (Grp78)/BiP, Grp94, Calreticulin, C/EBP homologous protein (Chop), and the ER degradation enhancer mannosidase alpha‐like 1 (Edem1) genes were increased in the optic nerve at 14 days after NMDA injection. In addition, the Grp94 gene was increased at 7 days after NMDA injection, and the Edem1 gene was increased at 3, 7, and 28 days after NMDA injection. GRP78 and CHOP proteins were colocalized with MBP in the optic nerve after NMDA injection. These findings suggest that the axonal degeneration is dramatic until 7 days after NMDA injection and that glial cells may play some role in the degeneration of the optic nerve. Furthermore, ER stress may play a pivotal role in the decrease of MBP‐positive oligodendrocytes after NMDA‐induced retinal damage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
p62/sequestosome 1 binds to TDP‐43 in brains with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP‐43 inclusions
Authors: Tanji Kunikazu , Zhang Hai‐Xin , Mori Fumiaki , Kakita Akiyoshi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Wakabayashi Koichi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUbiquitin‐positive cytoplasmic inclusions are consistently found in various neurodegenerative diseases. As with ubiquitin, anti‐p62/SQSTM1 (referred to as p62) antibody clearly immunostains these inclusions. p62 has a ubiquitin‐associated domain at the carboxyl terminus and thereby interacts with ubiquitinated and misfolded proteins. Here we immunoprecipitated endogenous p62 in the cerebral cortex from patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP‐43 inclusions (FTLD‐TDP) and found that p62 coimmunoprecipitated several proteins, including TDP‐43, which is a major disease protein in FTLD‐TDP. Unexpectedly, p62 immunoprecipitated a smaller amount of TDP‐43 in FTLD‐TDP compared with controls. Further analyses showed that p62 physiologically binds to TDP‐43 and likely is involved in degradation of TDP‐43 with 35‐kDa, but not full‐length TDP‐43. Our results suggest that the interaction of TDP‐43 and p62 is disrupted and may participate in the pathogenesis of TDP‐43 proteinopathy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inducible immortality in hTERT‐human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Piper Samantha L. , Wang Miqi , Yamamoto Akira , Malek Farbod , Luu Andrew , Kuo Alfred C. , Kim Hubert T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are attractive candidates for tissue engineering and cell‐based therapy because of their multipotentiality and availability in adult donors. However, in vitro expansion and differentiation of these cells is limited by replicative senescence. The proliferative capacity of hMSCs can be enhanced by ectopic expression of telomerase, allowing for long‐term culture. However, hMSCs with constitutive telomerase expression demonstrate unregulated growth and even tumor formation. To address this problem, we used an inducible Tet‐On gene expression system to create hMSCs in which ectopic telomerase expression can be induced selectively by the addition of doxycycline (i‐hTERT hMSCs). i‐hTERT hMSCs have inducible hTERT expression and telomerase activity, and are able to proliferate significantly longer than wild type hMSCs when hTERT expression is induced. They stop proliferating when hTERT expression is turned off and can be rescued when expression is re‐induced. They retain multipotentiality in vitro even at an advanced age. We also used a selective inhibitor of telomere elongation to show that the mechanism driving immortalization of hMSCs by hTERT is dependent upon maintenance of telomere length. Thanks to their extended lifespan, preserved multipotentiality and controlled growth, i‐hTERT hMSCs may prove to be a useful tool for the development and testing of novel stem cell therapies. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1879–1885, 2012
Correlation among abrasive wear tests
Authors: Almeida Dutra Leandro , de Mello José Daniel Biasoli , Camargo Severo de Macêdo Marcelo , Scandian Cherlio 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe study of wear is generally focused on reproducing micromechanisms that are identified on industrial applications in the laboratory. To do so, many tribometers have been developed, but not much attention has been given to the correlation among the variety of abrasive test results. This study aims to compare four different abrasive wear tests: pin‐on‐disc, single pass pendulum, linear scratch and the laboratory of tribology and materials test. High chromium white cast irons were tested in different conditions. It was observed that the wear resistance classification offered by the pendulum scratch and the laboratory of tribology and materials test was the same and was the opposite of the classification offered by the scratch and pin‐on‐disc tests. The wear rate behaviour verifies the existing constant depth and constant load models regarding the force transferred to the contact region. For the latter, the wear behaviour is better explained by the product k*q, parameters that are obtained from the pendulum test. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frictional power loss in solid‐grease‐lubricated needle roller bearing
Authors: Iqbal Shoaib , Al‐Bender Farid , Croes Jan , Pluymers Bert , Desmet Wim 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe use of solid grease as a lubricant, in comparison with standard grease or oil, is a pre‐requisite when needle roller bearings undergo a high‐speed oscillating motion and when access to the bearing is difficult for maintenance purposes. This paper examines the frictional power loss of a solid‐grease‐lubricated needle roller bearing. First set of measurement result reveals that the test bearing has higher frictional power loss as compared with other bearings with conventional lubrications, due to the high viscosity of the solid grease. Furthermore, measurements are compared with the Palmgren and SKF models. For improving these models, the parameters of the models are updated on the basis of the measurement data. A second set of measurement result shows that the use of oil (kept at higher temperature) in addition to solid grease significantly reduces the frictional power loss. The reduction is due to the decrease in operational viscosity of the solid grease. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superoxide Dismutase Binding and Release Behaviors of Dodecylated Poly(allylamine)s: Effects of Self‐Aggregation and Organic Solvents
Authors: Yan Yunfeng , Liu Jingjing , Xiong Yubing , Cheng Ye , Yao Ping 
Published: June 2012

AbstractpH sensitive dodecyl‐modified poly(allylamine)s associate with superoxide dismutase (SOD) in aqueous solutions at pH 5.5 and 7.4. The bound SOD can be released completely at pH 10.0 due to the self‐aggregation of the polymers. In a mixture of water and organic solvent, the hydrophobic groups of the polymers are exposed. During the process of removing the organic solvent, the polymers increase their hydrophobic interactions with SOD. As a result, the SOD binding of the polymers increases; the release of SOD from the complexes is remarkably extended. The released SOD molecules have full activity. The knowledge gained in this study will be beneficial to the applications of hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes as delivery carriers for protein/peptide drugs.
Wettability and Surface Tension of Amphiphilic Polymer Films: Time‐Dependent Measurements of the Most Stable Contact Angle
Authors: Martinelli Elisa , Galli Giancarlo , Cwikel Dory , Marmur Abraham 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe wettability of new amphiphilic block copolymer films is studied by measuring different types of water contact angles (static, receding, advancing, and most stable). The most stable contact angles are used to calculate the surface tensions of the films following the recently developed Marmur–Valal correlation. Most stable contact angles of water in an air‐in‐water system are also measured to study the changes in surface tension over relatively long periods of immersion time. The new approach yields surface tension values that are higher than those calculated by previous methods. The results suggest that reconstruction of the surface takes place at short time scale and continues to occur at long time scale. The responsive character of the polymer films can have implications for their use as biofouling release coatings.