bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spermatozoon and its relationship with the ovarian lamellae in the internally inseminating catfish Trachelyopterus galeatus
Authors: Parreira Gleydes G. , Chiarini‐Garcia Hélio , Melo Rossana C.N. , Vieira Francisco O. , Godinho Hugo P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe examined the spermatozoa and their relationship with the ovarian lamellae in the catfish Trachelyopterus galeatus by classical light microscopy, high‐resolution light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Trachelyopterus galeatus is an internally inseminating species the spermatozoon of which presented an elongated cylindrical head (12.3 ± 1.5 μm), elongated midpiece (5.0 ± 0.7 μm), and flagellum (23.9 ± 2.8 μm). Fertilized eggs or embryos were not found in its ovaries. Spermatozeugmata were demonstrated for the first time in this species. At the ultrastructural level, the anterior region of the head was devoid of chromatin with its shape being rounded with a hyaline tip in frontal sections and flattened in sagittal sections. The proximal centriole and most of the distal centriole were contained within a nuclear fossa. Mitochondria with lamellar cristae, as well as glycogen granules, were located just caudal to the nuclear fossa and distally in the midpiece. A single row of accessory microtubules ran peripherally in the midpiece. The flagellar axoneme had the typical 9 + 2 arrangement, having electron‐dense and electron‐lucent A‐tubules at different points along the flagellum; flagellar fins were lacking. The ovarian lamellae were covered by a simple cuboidal epithelium. In maturing/mature females, spermatozoa were free in the ovarian lumen or inserted in pits of the lamellar epithelial cells. Tight junctions and desmosomes were seen between the epithelial cells. In addition to nourishment of the spermatozoon, the lamellar epithelial cells may play a role in protecting the spermatozoa against the female immune system. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of extinction efficiency of gold‐coated polystyrene bead substrates improves surface‐enhanced Raman scattering effects by post‐growth microwave heating treatment
Authors: Yuen Clement , Zheng Wei , Huang Zhiwei 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe report a novel post‐growth microwave treatment approach to selectively modify the surface morphologies of gold (Au) films coated on the polystyrene (PS) bead substrates for effectively improving the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect on the analytes. The discrete dipole approximation (DDA) model was introduced to evaluate the enhancement effects by calculating the localized electromagnetic field distribution and extinction efficiency based on the sizes of the trenches and voids, and the surface roughness of the modified Au–PS bead substrates. The SERS performance of microwave‐modified Au–PS substrates on rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) and saliva yields at least 10‐fold improvements in SERS intensities compared to the as‐grown substrates, which is also in agreement with theoretical predictions by DDA modeling. This work demonstrates both experimentally and theoretically the efficacy of the microwave heating treatment on modifying the Au–PS bead substrates for the realization of high SERS performance in biomedical applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trumpf – A Leader in Lasers, a challenger in Essen
Authors: Bleher Jens 
Published: September 2009

Abstract2009 is an interesting and exciting year. The economic crisis is posing a serious challenge to the worldwide manufacturing industry. Within this difficult economic environment the biannual Laser Trade Show took place in Munich and the Essen Welding Show will happen soon. Trumpf is the world's leading industrial laser and laser systems manufacturer and has to fight the crisis at the economic forefront. Although sales fell by 23% to 1.66 billion Euros in fiscal year 2008/2009, which ended June 30, 2009, Trumpf expects profits in the tens of millions of Euros.Francisco Velasco, Editor Laser Technik Journal, spoke to Jens Bleher, Managing Director Trumpf Laser‐ und Systemtechnik GmbH, about new products, the future of laser technology and the economic situation.
Thermal Properties of Poly(ester amide)s with Isolated, Two Adjacent and Three Adjacent Amide Groups within a Polyester Chain
Authors: Garg Priya , Keul Helmut , Klee Doris , Möller Martin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to investigate the thermal properties of segmented aliphatic poly(ester amide)s (PEA)s. Three different series of PEAs were synthesized, each containing amide blocks of defined lengths which are randomly placed in the poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) backbone. Thus, the defined amide blocks consist of isolated amide groups, two adjacent amide groups or three adjacent amide groups. The PEAs show glass transition temperatures between −63 and 1 °C, melting temperatures between 28 and 183 °C and crystallization temperatures lie between −0.2 and 148 °C. The types of groups participating in the crystallization process and the length of the amide segments have an influence on the morphology of these polymers.magnified image
Synthesis of a Photoresponsive Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer Containing Azobenzene
Authors: Li Chensha , Lo Chi‐Wei , Zhu Difeng , Li Chenhui , Liu Ye , Jiang Hongrui 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of an oriented liquid‐crystalline photoresponsive polymer, prepared by polymerization of mono‐ and di‐acrylates, both of which contain azobenzene chromophores, is reported. The prepared free‐standing polymer film shows strong reversible photoinduced deformation upon exposure to unpolarized UV light at 366 nm, as a result of an optically induced isomeric change of the azobenzene moieties in the polymer network. The synthesis process is relatively simple and more efficient compared to conventional ones, and can be used to synthesize other liquid‐crystalline photoresponsive polymers. The use of this photoresponsive polymer film as an optical high‐pass/low‐pass switch under UV or natural light irradiation for a laser beam is demonstrated. This photoresponsive polymer may have applications in robotic systems, artificial muscles, and actuators in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and labs on chips.magnified image
Low dose, oral epsilon aminocaproic acid for renal papillary necrosis and massive hemorrhage in hemoglobin SC disease
Authors: Gabrovsky Alexander , Aderinto Abimbole , Spevak Melissa , Vichinsky Elliot , Resar Linda M.S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRenal papillary necrosis in sickling hemoglobinopathies can lead to significant complications, including hemorrhage, obstruction, and infection. Despite its frequency, there are limited therapies for protracted hemorrhage. In the past, massive hemorrhage was managed with nephrectomy. Here, we report a patient with hemoglobin SC disease and prolonged, life‐threatening hemorrhage from papillary necrosis successfully treated with oral, low‐dose epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA). Although further study is warranted, this case illustrates the need to consider EACA in the conservative management of renal papillary necrosis and significant hemorrhage in sickle cell hemoglobinopathies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:148–150. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of substrate chemistry and the network homogeneity of ultra‐thin cross‐linked polymer films cured at their surface on the main relaxations temperatures probing by microthermal analysis
Authors: Carriere Pascal , Onard Sandra , Mallarino Stéphanie 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThin 200‐nm epoxy–amine mixtures were cured on silicon wafers with different surface chemistry to quantify the effect of the chemistry on the glass transition temperature evolution in ultra‐thin thermosetting films. Two surface treatments were investigated: the first one only consisted in the activation of the silanols groups at the silicon surface, whereas the second one consisted in the grafting 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) monolayer on the silicon wafers. The epoxy films were deposited on these chemistry modified wafers by spin coating a toluene solution of DGEBA–amine mixture at stoichiometric ratio. The same cure processing was used for both samples. Thin films were analysed not only using microthermal and thermomechanical analysis to determine the relaxation transitions temperatures of these films but also using FTIR in infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy mode to determine the curing rate of these networks. It was found that all these thin films showed two different glass transitions, the first one at 96 °C and was independent of the surface treatments, whereas the second one increasing from 142 °C for the oxidised wafers surface to 167 °C for the aminosilane grafted on the silicon wafer. The substrate chemistry extent on the film network structure, the interfacial bonds and interactions are discussed. This work also illustrates the interest in using microthermal analysis to obtain relevant temperature glass transition of thin film at sub‐micrometre scale, strongly dependant of local structure and chemistry composition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of Polymer‐Hydrogel Capsules via Thiol–Disulfide Exchange
Authors: Chong Siow‐Feng , Chandrawati Rona , Städler Brigitte , Park Jeongju , Cho Jinhan , Wang Yajun , Jia Zhongfan , Bulmus Volga , Davis Thomas P. , Zelikin Alexander N. , Caruso Frank 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPolymer hydrogels are used in diverse biomedical applications including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Among different chemical linkages, the natural and reversible thiol–disulfide interconversion is extensively explored to stabilize hydrogels. The creation of macro‐, micro‐, and nanoscale disulfide‐stabilized hydrogels commonly relies on the use of oxidizing agents that may have a detrimental effect on encapsulated cargo. Herein an oxidization‐free approach to create disulfide‐stabilized polymer hydrogels via a thiol–disulfide exchange reaction is reported. In particular, thiolated poly(methacrylic acid) is used and the conditions of polymer crosslinking in solution and on colloidal porous and solid microparticles are established. In the latter case, removal of the core particles yields stable, hollow, disulfide‐crosslinked hydrogel capsules. Further, a procedure is developed to achieve efficient disulfide crosslinking of multilayered polymer films to obtain stable, liposome‐loaded polymer‐hydrogel capsules that contain functional enzymatic cargo within the liposomal subcompartments. This approach is envisaged to facilitate the development of biomedical applications of hydrogels, specifically those including fragile cargo.
Comparative Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of Two MSF Surgical Trauma Centers
Authors: Gosselin Richard A. , Maldonado Andreu , Elder Greg 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIntroductionThere is a dearth of data on cost‐effectiveness of surgical care in resource‐poor countries. Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières; MSF) is a nongovernmental organization (NGO) involved in the many facets of health care for underserved populations, including surgical care.MethodsA cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) was attempted at two of their surgical trauma hospitals: Teme Hospital in Nigeria and La Trinité Hospital in Haiti.ConclusionAt $172 and $223 per Disability‐Adjusted Life‐Year (DALY) averted, respectively, they are in line with other reported CEAs for surgical and nonsurgical activities in similar contexts.
The Role of Tumor Volume on Outcome in Prostate Cancer after Prostatectomy
Authors: Brannan Amber G. , Johnstone Peter A.S. 
Published: September 2009

Objective: Significant study has been made of the role of tumor volume contributing to outcome in prostate cancer: almost two dozen studies have been published on the subject, without clear results either for or against a relationship. Methods: An extensive MEDLINE and PUBMED search yielded fourteen articles involving >10,600 patients describing analyses of institutional prostate cancer experiences including tumor volume after radical prostatectomy (RP). Studies were included if multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed including a variable related to tumor volume. All studies had a common outcome of biochemical disease-free (bNED) survival. Results: The more rigorous the MVA performed, the more likely tumor volume was to be independently predictive. When the analysis included only tumor volume and Gleason score, studies agreed on outcome half the time. As more variables were added to the analysis, the degree of concordance increased. The two studies with most complete MVAs concur in a volume effect on outcome in over 1470 patients. Conclusion: While no meta-analysis on the subject is possible without knowing particulars of each reported case, tumor volume as a predictive variable is likely to be less important than more frequently analyzed factors such as Gleason score and PSA. However, the studies that most completely address the complex and competing variables impacting bNED survival in prostate cancer are those that describe a relationship of tumor volume on outcome.
Subtractive hybridization identifies genes differentially expressed by olfactory ensheathing cells and neural stem cells
Authors: Rojas‐Mayorquín Argelia Esperanza , Torres‐Ruíz Nadia Magali , Gudiño‐Cabrera Graciela , Ortuño‐Sahagún Daniel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells into glia has received relatively limited attention to date when compared with the interest in the generation of neurons. We are interested in a particular glial phenotype, the aldynoglia, and their differentiation from multipotential neural precursors (MNP), since this type of glia can promote neuronal regeneration. We constructed cDNA libraries from cultures of purified olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC), an aldynoglia cell type, and MNP to perform subtractive hybridization. As a result, we isolated four genes from the OEC: one tenascin C (Tn‐C) isoform, Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 5 (Igfbp‐5), cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COX1) and a phosphodiesterase for cyclic nucleotides (CNPase). With the exception of CNPase, these genes are expressed more strongly in the OEC than in the MNP and moreover, the expression of all four is induced when MNP were exposed to OEC conditioned media. The data suggest a role for these genes in MNP differentiation, and their products appear to represent characteristic proteins of the aldynoglia phenotype.
Outsourcing congruence with competitive priorities: Impact on supply chain and firm performance
Authors: Kroes James R. , Ghosh Soumen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe growth of outsourcing has led outsourcing strategies to become an increasingly important component of firm success (Gottfredson et al., 2005). While the purported goal of outsourcing in supply chains is to derive a competitive advantage, it is not clear whether the outsourcing decisions of firms are always strategically aligned with their overall competitive strategy. In this paper we evaluate the degree of congruence (fit or alignment) between a firm's outsourcing drivers and its competitive priorities and assess the impact of congruence on both supply chain performance and business performance, using empirical data collected from manufacturing business units operating in the United States. We find outsourcing congruence across all five competitive priorities to be positively and significantly related to supply chain performance. We also find the level of supply chain performance in a firm to be positively and significantly associated with the firm's business performance.
The Comparative Effectiveness of a Multimodal Program Versus Exercise Alone for the Secondary Prevention of Chronic Low Back Pain and Disability
Authors: Ewert Thomas , Limm Heribert , Wessels Tina , Rackwitz Berid , von Garnier Katharina , Freumuth Robert , Stucki Gerold 
Published: September 2009

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine whether a multimodal, secondary prevention program (MP) is superior to a general physical exercise program (EP) in influencing the process leading to chronic low back pain (LBP) in nurses with a history of back pain.DesignThe study was conducted as a randomized controlled parallel‐group trial.SettingThe interventions were performed in a single center at the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine at the University of Munich in Germany.ParticipantsA total of 235 nurses from 14 nearby hospitals and nursing homes who experienced at least one episode of back pain during the previous 2 years were invited into the study. Of these, 183 nurses were enrolled and 169 (83 in the MP and 86 in the EP) qualified for the intent‐to‐treat analysis.InterventionsThe EP consisted of 11 group sessions, each lasting 1 hour. After introductory sessions, subsequent sessions included general physical strengthening and stretching exercises as well as instructions for a home‐training program. The MP consisted of 17 group sessions of 1.75 hours and one individual session of 45 minutes. In addition to the full EP, the MP included 5 psychological units, 7 segmental stabilization exercises units, and 8 ergonomic and workplace‐specific units.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe primary study end‐point variable was pain interference, and the secondary study end‐point variables were pain intensity and functioning as measured with the West Haven‐Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory and the Short Form‐36, respectively. These study end‐point variables were defined a priori.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Small‐to‐moderate effects were observed in both intervention programs across all study end‐point variables. For pain interference, the effect size at 12 months after intervention was 0.58 in the MP and 0.47 in the EP.ConclusionsA multimodal program is not superior to a general exercise program in influencing the process leading to chronic LBP in a population of nurses with a history of pain. The most likely explanation is a common psychological mechanism leading to improved pain interference that is irrespective of the program used. Considering the lower resources of the general exercise program, the expense for a multimodal program is not justified for the secondary prevention of LBP and disability.
Running Shoe Selection Criteria Among Adolescent Cross‐Country Runners
Authors: Enke Ryan C. , Laskowski Edward R. , Thomsen Kristine M. 
Published: September 2009

ObjectiveTo determine which factors are most important to adolescent cross‐country runners in selecting and replacing running shoes.DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive survey.SettingSurveys were completed at 4 high schools in a southeastern Minnesota community.ParticipantsEligible subjects included adolescents (grades 7–12) participating in cross‐country running at any of the 4 high schools in Rochester, Minnesota. A total of 223 surveys were distributed and collected from of an estimated 243 eligible participants.Assessment of Risk FactorsIndependent variables included gender, running experience, grade, and previous injury history.Main Outcome MeasuresA descriptive analysis of factors important in running shoe selection was performed. The assessment also included evaluation of the runners' knowledge of arch type and awareness of mileage accumulated before replacing running shoes.ResultsA total of 73.1% of survey participants identified arch type compatibility with shoe design as the most important factor in choosing a running shoe. However, only 57.0% reported knowing their arch type. A total of 74.0% reported not knowing how many miles they accumulated in a single pair of running shoes before replacement.ConclusionsA majority of adolescent runners in this study identified arch type and shoe design as the most important factors in choosing a running shoe.
Incongruous Changes in Heart Period and Heart Rate Variability with Vagotonic Atropine: Implications for Rehabilitation Medicine
Authors: Picard Glen , Tan Can Ozan , Zafonte Ross , Taylor J. Andrew 
Published: September 2009

ObjectiveTo describe the relationship between vagally mediated bradycardia and heart rate variability indices in young and older healthy individuals.DesignCross‐sectional, physiologic study.SettingOutpatient cardiovascular research laboratory.ParticipantsA total of 34 young (mean age 24 years) and 27 older (mean age 63 years) healthy adults.MethodsEight bolus injections of atropine sulfate were given intravenously to participants while in a supine position (cumulative doses from 0.4 to 7.2 μg/kg). Each dose was followed by a 3‐minute data collection period in which subjects controlled their breathing frequency at a rate of 15 breaths per minute.Main Outcome MeasurementsChronotropic responses were assessed from average RR interval and blood pressure was assessed by automated brachial cuff. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices were calculated to represent both time domain measures (RR interval standard deviation and root mean squared of successive differences) and frequency domain measures (respiratory sinus arrhythmia and total power).ResultsRR interval responses exhibited the expected curvilinear pattern to atropine administration with all subjects exhibiting a bradycardia with at least one dose and RR interval returning to baseline or decreasing in most subjects as atropine dosing progressed. RR interval was closely related to vagotonic atropine dose with an r2 greater than 0.70 in 89% of subjects. Heart rate variability indices were not consistently correlated with the bradycardic effect of vagotonic atropine and ranged from highly positive to highly negative with almost one‐fifth of correlations less than 0.5.ConclusionsThe relationship between HRV and vagal tone is likely complex and has a large interindividual variation.
Cucumispora dikerogammarin. gen. (Fungi: Microsporidia) infecting the invasive amphipodDikerogammarus villosus: a potential emerging disease in European rivers
Authors: OVCHARENKO M. O. , BACELA K. , WILKINSON T. , IRONSIDE J. E. , RIGAUD T. , WATTIER R. A. 
Published: September 2009

SUMMARYDikerogammarus villosusis an invasive amphipod that recently colonized the main rivers of Central and Western Europe. Two frequent microsporidian parasites were previously detected in this species, but their taxonomic status was unclear. Here we present ultrastructural and molecular data indicating that these two parasites are in fact a single microsporidian species. This parasite shares numerous characteristics ofNosemaspp. It forms elongate spores (cucumiform), developing in direct contact with host cell cytoplasm; all developmental stages are diplokaryotic and the life cycle is monomorphic with disporoblastic sporogony. Initially this parasite was described asNosema dikerogammariOvcharenko and Kurandina 1987. However, phylogenetic analysis based on the complete sequence of SSU rDNA places the parasite outside the genusNosemaand it is therefore ascribed to a new genusCucumispora. The key features characteristic to this genus are: presence of a very well-developed, umbrella-shape anchoring disk covering the anterior part of polaroplast; arrangement of isofilar polar filament into 6–8 coils convoluted with different angles, voluminous diplokaryon, thin spore wall and relatively small posterior vacuole containing posterosome. The parasite infects most host tissues but mainly muscles. It showed high rates of horizontal trophic transmission and lower rates of vertical transmission.