bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the pulvinar in distractor processing and visual search
Authors: Strumpf Hendrick , Mangun George R. , Boehler Carsten N. , Stoppel Christian , Schoenfeld Mircea A. , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Hopf Jens‐Max 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus are hypothesized to coordinate attentional selection in the visual cortex. Different models have, however, been proposed for the precise role of the pulvinar in attention. One proposal is that the pulvinar mediates shifts of spatial attention; a different proposal is that it serves the filtering of distractor information. At present, the relation between these possible operations and their relative importance in the pulvinar remains unresolved. We address this issue by contrasting these proposals in two fMRI experiments. We used a visual search paradigm that permitted us to dissociate neural activity reflecting shifts of attention from activity underlying distractor filtering. We find that distractor filtering, but not the operation of shifting attention, is associated with strong activity enhancements in dorsal and ventral regions of the pulvinar as well as in early visual cortex areas including the primary visual cortex. Our observations indicate that distractor filtering is the preponderant attentional operation subserved by the pulvinar, presumably mediated by a modulation of processing in visual areas where spatial resolution is sufficiently high to separate target from distractor input. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic and sex influence on neuropathic pain‐like behaviour after spinal cord injury in the rat
Authors: Dominguez C.A. , Ström M. , Gao T. , Zhang L. , Olsson T. , Wiesenfeld‐Hallin Z. , Xu X.‐J. , Piehl F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain of neuropathic nature after spinal cord injury (SCI) is common and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Genes, as well as sex, have been implicated, but not thoroughly investigated in experimental genetic models for complex traits. We have previously found that inbred Dark‐Agouti (DA) rats develop more severe SCI pain‐like behaviour than a major histocompatibility complex‐congenic Piebald Virol Glaxo (PVG)‐RT1av1 strain in a model of photochemically induced SCI.MethodsIn this study, a genome‐wide linkage study in an F2 cross between the susceptible DA and resistant PVG‐RT1av1 strains was performed in order to explore the influence of genes and sex for SCI pain.ResultsA consistent finding was that female rats in parental, F1 and F2 generations displayed increased pain sensitivity at testing before injury and also developed mechanical hypersensitivity more rapidly and to a greater extent than male rats. In addition, we could identify three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with pain‐like behaviour: a sex‐specific QTL on chromosome 2, one on chromosome 15 and on chromosome 6. Animals carrying DA alleles at each of these loci were more susceptible to development of mechanical hypersensitivity compared with rats with PVG alleles.ConclusionThis is the first whole genome QTL mapping of neuropathic pain‐like behaviour in a model of SCI. The results provide strong support for a significant genetic and sex component in development of pain after SCI and provide the basis for further genetic dissection and positional cloning of the underlying genes.
SOCIAL FACTORS IN VOCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: LIPSETT LAURENCE 
Published: April 2012

As the guidance movement developed in its first three or four decades, its progress was marked by refinement of tests and other measuring devices. From the development of intelligence tests, it proceeded to interest inventories, dexterity tests, and a variety of devices purporting to measure various aptitudes and personality traits.While the counseling and guidance profession was emphasizing tests, sociologists and social psychologists had begun to discover the importance of social factors relevant to vocational development, such as the relationship between social class membership and attending college [8,14,15]. Some results of sociological studies are reflected in the theories of vocational choice or vocational development outlined by Ginzberg [7], Super [13], and Beilin [1]. The trend from “vocational guidance” to “counseling psychology” may also represent some implicit leaning toward a broader frame of reference which would give more consideration to social factors. It is the purpose of this paper to (1) bring together some of the published sociological information most relevant for counseling psychology, (2) suggest additional inferences from social factors, and (3) outline specific kinds of social information which counseling psychologists would need in order to incorporate sociological knowledge and theory into their professional practice.
THE VALUE PATTERNS OF MEN WHO VOLUNTARILY QUIT SEMINARY TRAINING
Authors: MAEHR MARTIN L. , STAKE ROBERT E. 
Published: April 2012

The ministry is one of the oldest, most respected, and most unique professions. Its practitioners are men of uncommon dedication and talent. Although different assignments for ministers require different combinations of abilities and personality traits, it is widely believed that all who enter the ministry, regardless of the specific assignments they may receive, should be more than minimally intelligent and communicative and should have a commitment to a specific pattern of personal values. Although certain spokesmen for the churches deplore the idea of a uniform and regimented clergy, there is considerable agreement among the objectives of different seminaries, and there is a general feeling among lay persons that the minister should be a man of certain distinctions.Measurement of these personal characteristics has become increasingly widespread in recent years as a result of the continuing development and refinement of interest inventories, attitude questionnaires, and value scales. Some writers anticipate that further psychometric exploration of these personality variables will facilitate and enhance the selection of candidates for the ministry [2, 4, 5, 7, 8]. This article reports the results of one such psychometric exploration.
Understanding Dispositions Toward Reading on the Internet
Authors: Coiro Julie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractStudents' perceptions about the Internet's usefulness and potential to engage them in academic learning tasks have been found to influence their success in reading for information in online tasks. This article helps to understand the types of dispositions that adolescents may have toward reading on the Internet and how to characterize these dispositions in ways that inform teaching. First, the author answers four key questions and summarizes findings from one of three instruments recently developed to assess adolescents' attitudes and beliefs about reading on the Internet. Then, a brief set of guidelines is provided to help teachers foster positive dispositions about online reading comprehension in ways that address today's rigorous standards‐based curricula.
Overexpression of synoviolin facilitates the formation of a functional synovial biomembrane
Authors: Chen Gang , Zhang Shao‐Xiang , Tao Zhong‐Fen , Xiong Yan , Sun Wei , Lu Ju , Pan Feng , Zhang Zheng‐Zhi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDigital flexor tendon repair poses a significant challenge for hand surgeons. Currently, extrasynovial tendon grafts are frequently used in clinical settings to bridge flexor tendon defects. However, the healing process is always accompanied by postoperative adhesion. This is mostly due to the fact that no synovial membrane covers the extrasynovial tendon surface, in contrast to the intrasynovial tendon. In this study, we present an efficient method of developing a functional synovial biomembrane on the surface of the extrasynovial tendon. Synoviocytes were isolated from the knee joint of a Japanese white rabbit. After being infected with lentivirus, the over‐expression of synoviolin in these synoviocytes was confirmed by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and western blotting. Cellular proliferation and increased hyaluronic acid secretion were confirmed in the synoviolin over‐expressing synoviocytes by MTT‐based method, cell cycle assays and ELISA. Furthermore, the synoviolin over‐expressing synoviocytes were co‐cultured with extrasynovial tendons that were harvested from the hind leg of rabbits. After being co‐cultured in vitro for 3 and 7 days, these infected synoviocytes were found to accelerate the formation of a biomembrane on the tendon surface compared to the control group. More importantly, Alcian blue staining confirmed the ability of this cultured biomembrane to produce specific matrices containing acidic carboxyl mucopolysaccharides (mainly hyaluronic acid). All these results demonstrate that the over‐expression of synoviolin stimulates the proliferation and HA secretion of synoviocytes and facilitates the formation of a functional synovial biomembrane. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Antimicrobial peptide incorporated poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels for the prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis‐associated biomaterial infections
Authors: Laverty Garry , Gorman Sean P. , Gilmore Brendan F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe effectiveness of the antimicrobial peptide maximin‐4, the ultrashort peptide H‐Orn‐Orn‐Trp‐Trp‐NH2, and the lipopeptide C12‐Orn‐Orn‐Trp‐Trp‐NH2 in preventing adherence of pathogens to a candidate biomaterial were tested utilizing both matrix‐ and immersion‐loaded poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) hydrogels. Antiadherent properties correlated to both the concentration released and the relative antimicrobial concentrations of each compound against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984, at each time point. Immersion‐loaded samples containing C12‐Orn‐Orn‐Trp‐Trp‐NH2 exhibited the lowest adherence profile for all peptides studied over 1, 4, and 24 h. The results outlined in this article show that antimicrobial peptides have the potential to serve as an important weapon against biomaterial associated infections. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa onto nanohydroxyapatite as a bone regeneration material
Authors: Grenho L. , Manso M. C. , Monteiro F. J. , Ferraz M. P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn orthopedics due to the enormous number of surgical procedures involving invasive implant biomaterials, infections have a huge impact in terms of morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. In this study the initial adhesion of several strains namely Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to nanohydroxyapatite, previously heat‐treated at 725°C and 1000°C was assessed. Adherent cells were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and quantified by confocal laser scanning microscopy and as colony forming units after being released by sonication. The wettability and roughness of samples surfaces were assessed by contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Nanohydroxyapatite heat‐treated at 1000°C appeared to be more resistant to bacterial adhesion, over time, in five of the six tested strains while the clinical strains isolated from orthopedic infections presented superior ability to adhere, as well as better capacity to produce slime. The increase in materials sintering temperature resulted in increased hydrophobicity and roughness; however, other surface features such as the decrease in surface area and on porosity as well as the decrease on zeta potential may be the aspects that contributed to a lower bacterial adhesion on the materials sintered at 1000°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Structure–property investigations with dielectric study on phosphorylcholine‐based polyurethane
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhu Dan , Su Fu , Xie Yun , Ma Zhenmao , Shen Jian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPolyurethane with zwitterionic phosphorylcholine on the main chain was synthesized and the structures were defined with FTIR and 1HNMR. The mechanical (tensile strength, elastic modulus) and biological (platelet adhesion) evaluations of its blend films with polyurethane were of satisfactory results, which were in accordance with the requirements of the medical devices, showing their potential applications as anticoagulant biomaterials. The dielectric spectroscopy was recorded with solid films and with films in water. The dielectric dispersion of the solid films demonstrated the existence of condensed ionic structures, which lead to the rigidity enhancement of the soft segment of the phosphorylcholine‐based polyurethane, so that its elastic modulus increased. The dielectric measurement with films in water, providing a measurement for the surface properties in the aqueous environment, offered a semiquantitative description of the interface dynamics of the material with a double‐layer model, based on which a new hypothesis on the mechanism of blood or bio‐compatibility was proposed that the hydrated surface of the satisfactory biomaterials can response to the outside electromagnetic stimuli with slight strength and prompt relaxation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
A three‐prong strategy to develop functional food using protein isolates recovered from chicken processing by‐products with isoelectric solubilization/precipitation
Authors: Tahergorabi Reza , Sivanandan Litha , Beamer Sarah K , Matak Kristen E , Jaczynski Jacek 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Skin‐on bone‐in chicken drumsticks were processed with isoelectric solubilization/precipitation to recover muscle proteins. The drumsticks were used as a model for dark chicken meat processing by‐products. The main objective of this study was conversion of dark chicken meat processing by‐products to restructured functional food product. An attempt was made to develop functional food product that would resemble respective product made from boneless skinless chicken breast meat. A three‐prong strategy to address diet‐driven cardiovascular disease (CVD)with a functional food was used in this study. The strategy included addition of three ingredients with well‐documented cardiovascular benefits: (i) ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid‐rich oil (flaxseed‐algae, 9:1); (ii) soluble fiber; and (iii) salt substitute. Titanium dioxide, potato starch, polyphosphate, and transglutaminase were also added. The batters were formulated and cooked resulting in heat‐set gels.RESULTS: Color (L*a*b*), texture (torsion test, Kramer shear test, and texture profile analysis), thermal denaturation (differential scanning calorimetry), and gelation (dynamic rheology) of chicken drumstick gels and chicken breast gels were determined and compared. Chicken drumstick gels generally had comparable color and texture properties to the gels made from chicken breast meat. The endothermic transition (thermal denaturation) of myosin was more pronounced and gelation properties were better for the drumstick gels.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a feasibility to develop functional food made of muscle proteins recovered with isoelectric solubilization/precipitation from low‐value dark chicken meat processing by‐products. The functional food developed in this study was enriched with CVD‐beneficial nutrients and had comparable instrumental quality attributes to respective products made of chicken breast meat. Although the results of this study point towards the potential for a novel, marketable functional food product, sensory tests and storage stability study are recommended. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Composition and health effects of phenolic compounds in hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) of different origins
Authors: Yang Baoru , Liu Pengzhan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEpicatechin, aglycons and glycosides of B‐type oligomeric procyanidins and flavonols, phenolic acids and C‐glycosyl flavones are the major groups of phenolic compounds in hawthorn (Crataegus spp). The total content of phenolic compounds is higher in the leaves and flowers than in the fruits. Procyanidins dominate in the fruits, whereas flavonol glycosides and C‐glycosyl flavones are most abundant in the leaves. Genotype and developmental/ripening stage have strong impacts. Procyanidin glycosides and C‐glycosyl flavones may be chemotaxonomic markers differentiating species and varieties of hawthorn. Future research shall improve the separation, identification and quantification of procyanidins with degree of polymerisation (DP) ≥ 6, procyanidin glycosides, C‐glycosyl flavones and some flavonol glycosides. In vitro and animal studies have shown cardioprotective, hypolipidaemic, hypotensive, antioxidant, radical‐scavenging and anti‐inflammatory potentials of hawthorn extracts, suggesting different phenolic compounds as the major bioactive components. However, the varying and insufficiently defined composition of the extracts investigated, as a result of different raw materials and extraction methods, makes comparison of the studies very difficult. Clinical evidence indicates that some hawthorn extracts may increase the exercise tolerance of patients with congestive heart failure. More clinical studies are needed to establish the effects of hawthorn, especially in healthy humans. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Microwave ablation versus partial nephrectomy for small renal tumors: Intermediate‐term results
Authors: Guan Wei , Bai Jian , Liu Jihong , Wang Shaogang , Zhuang Qianyuan , Ye Zhangqun , Hu Zhiquan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesProspective randomized comparison of intermediate‐term outcomes of patients with small renal tumors who were treated with partial nephrectomy (PN) or microwave ablation.MethodsOf 102 selected patients with solitary small renal tumors who had prospectively completed at least 2 years of follow‐up since December 2004, randomizedly, 54 had either open (19) or laparoscopic (35) PN and 48 had laparoscopic (28) or open (20) microwave ablation. Patient and tumor characteristics, surgical data, complications, histologic and oncologic data, and functional data of the two approaches were compared.ResultsPatients in microwave ablation group and PN group matched for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, and tumor size and were respectively followed for median 32 and 36 months. Surgical and hospitalization times were comparable in both groups. Estimated blood loss, complication rates, and decline of postoperative renal function were significantly less in the microwave ablation group (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0187, and P = 0.0092, respectively). The decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate at the last available follow‐up was similar in both groups (P = 1.0000). There were no disease‐specific deaths. Kaplan–Meier estimates of overall local recurrence‐free survival at 3 years were 91.3% for microwave ablation and 96.0% for PN (P = 0.5414); the respective numbers for renal cell carcinomas were 90.4 and 96.6% (P = 0.4650).ConclusionsMicrowave ablation can be also safely and efficiently done for patients with small renal tumors. This intermediate analysis showed that microwave ablation provides favorable results compared to PN. However, longer term data are still needed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:316–321. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overexpression of CDC20 predicts poor prognosis in primary non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Kato Tatsuya , Daigo Yataro , Aragaki Masato , Ishikawa Keidai , Sato Masaaki , Kaji Mitsuhito 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the expression of CDC20 in human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), explored its clinicopathological significance, and evaluated as a potential prognostic marker.MethodsA total of 362 cases of NSCLCs were analyzed immunohistochemically on tissue microarrays (TMAs). Additionally, the immunoreactivity of mitotic arrest defective protein 2 (MAD2) was also studied. The clinicopathological implications of these molecules were analyzed statistically.ResultsHigh‐level CDC20 protein expression (CDC20‐H) was detected in 71 cases (19.6%). Additionally, CDC20‐H was correlated with male sex, pT status, pleural invasion, and non‐adenocarcinoma (non‐ADC) histology. Significant correlation between CDC20 and MAD2 expression was found. NSCLC patients with tumor exhibiting CDC20‐H showed significantly shorter 5‐year overall survival (P = 0.0007). According to subset analyses, CDC20‐H was associated with shorter survival than CDC20‐L only among ADC patients (P = 0.0008), and not among squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients (P = 0.5100). Importantly, CDC20‐H was also identified as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (P = 0.0065).ConclusionsCDC20 was a negative prognostic marker with significance in patients with resected NSCLC, particularly those with ADC histology. These results provide additional information for determining postoperative adjuvant treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:423–430. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumor‐associated macrophages promote angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis of gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Hui , Xu Jian‐Bo , He Yu‐Long , Peng Jian‐Jun , Zhang Xin‐Hua , CHEN Chuang‐Qi , Li Wen , Cai Shi‐Rong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study was conducted to investigate whether and how macrophages recruited to tumor microenvironments (tumor‐associated macrophages, TAMs) were involved in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis of gastric cancer (GC).MethodsTAMs, microvessel density (MVD), and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in 115 cases of GC tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of CD68, CD34, and D2‐40, respectively. Preoperative blood samples from 43 patients were obtained to detect serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C. A co‐culture system was also developed to study effects and underlying mechanisms of THP‐1 macrophages on SGC7901 GC cells.ResultsTAMs numbers were closely related to serosa invasion, lymph node metastasis and tumor, nodes, and metastases stage and a positive correlation existed between the TAMs count and MVD and LVD. Additionally, TAMs were associated with preoperative serum levels of VEGF and VEGF‐C, the expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C protein in macrophages was up‐regulated in the co‐culture system, and inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway in macrophages induced a significant reduction in the expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C in both macrophages and GC cells (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsTAMs may promote angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis of GC, possibly by enhancing VEGF and VEGF‐C expression. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:462–468. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.