bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen‐mediated nanostructuring of dilute nitride semiconductors
Authors: Trotta Rinaldo , Polimeni Antonio , Capizzi Mario 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe deposition of hydrogen‐opaque metallic wires on GaAsN and subsequent hydrogen irradiation allows creating planar regions, where the properties of GaAsN are alternated with those of GaAs (i.e., hydrogenated GaAsN) in a fully controllable manner. We present here a breakthrough of this approach showing the possibility to fabricate a new class of semiconductor nanostructures. Firstly, we report on a detailed study of H kinetics in GaAsN. By combining secondary ions mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements with a model developed for hydrogen diffusion in a crystal with high trap density (namely, N atoms), we demonstrate that a tight spatial control of H–N interaction in dilute nitrides is feasible. Then, we present the first nanostructures fabricated with the masked‐hydrogenation procedure. Specifically, we study the properties of H‐structured GaAsN/GaAs wires having different width. In the case of the narrowest metallic wires (w = 80 nm), photoluminescence (PL) shows a blueshift of the ground state energy and a 50‐fold increase in the PL efficiency. Moreover, time‐resolved micro‐PL displays a marked slow‐down of the carrier recombination dynamics in the single structure. This indicates the occurrence of carrier quantum confinement that leads to a reduced density of states of the system, which changes its dimensionality from 3D to 2D.
The Test of Time in School‐Based Mentoring: The Role of Relationship Duration and Re‐Matching on Academic Outcomes
Authors: Grossman Jean B. , Chan Christian S. , Schwartz Sarah E. O. , Rhodes Jean E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe influence of match length and re‐matching on the effectiveness of school‐based mentoring was studied in the context of a national, randomized study of 1,139 youth in Big Brothers Big Sisters programs. The sample included youth in grades four through nine from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. At the end of the year, youth in intact relationships showed significant academic improvement, while youth in matches that terminated prematurely showed no impact. Those who were re‐matched after terminations showed negative impacts. Youth, mentor, and program characteristics associated with having an intact match were examined. Youth with high levels of baseline stress and those matched with college student mentors were likely to be in matches that terminated prematurely, while rejection‐sensitive youth and mentors who had previous mentoring experience were more likely to be in intact relationships. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Purely infinite C*-algebras arising from crossed products
Authors: RØRDAM MIKAEL , SIERAKOWSKI ADAM 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe study conditions that will ensure that a crossed product of a C*-algebra by a discrete exact group is purely infinite (simple or non-simple). We are particularly interested in the case of a discrete non-amenable exact group acting on a commutative C*-algebra, where our sufficient conditions can be phrased in terms of paradoxicality of subsets of the spectrum of the abelian C*-algebra. As an application of our results we show that every discrete countable non-amenable exact group admits a free amenable minimal action on the Cantor set such that the corresponding crossed product C*-algebra is a Kirchberg algebra in the UCT class.
Deterministic and stochastic perturbations of area preserving flows on a two-dimensional torus
Authors: DOLGOPYAT DMITRY , FREIDLIN MARK , KORALOV LEONID 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe study deterministic and stochastic perturbations of incompressible flows on a two-dimensional torus. Even in the case of purely deterministic perturbations, the long-time behavior of such flows can be stochastic. The stochasticity is caused by instabilities near the saddle points as well as by the ergodic component of the locally Hamiltonian system on the torus.
Instant History and the Legacy of Scandal: The Tangled Memory of Warren G. Harding, Richard Nixon, and William Jefferson Clinton
Authors: Payne Phillip 
Published: April 2011

William Jefferson Clinton evoked considerable admiration and hostility as a public figure. More so, perhaps, than other recent presidents, Clinton has sparked an intense debate as to what his legacy will be. The Clinton biography found on the White House web page hints at the difficulties facing those who wish to interpret his life. After summarizing the nation's economic success during Clinton's two terms and mentioning major biographical events, the author writes:In 1998, as a result of issues surrounding personal indiscretions with a young woman White House intern, Clinton was the second U.S. president to be impeached by the House of Representatives. He was tried in the Senate and found not guilty of the charges brought against him. He apologized to the nation for his actions and continued to have unprecedented popular approval ratings for his job as president.
Black Drama: Reflections of Class and Class Consciousness
Authors: Keyssar Helene 
Published: April 2011

Just before the words and subway of Imamu Amiri Baraka's (LeRoi Jones') Dutchman rush to their violent climax, Lula, the Eve-emissary of the white middle-class, shrieks at Clay:Come on, Clay … let's do the thing. Uhh! Uhh! Clay! Clay! You middle-class black bastard. Forget your social-working mother for a few seconds and let's knock stomachs. Clay, you liver-lipped white man. You would-be Christian. You ain't no nigger, you're just a dirty white man. Get up, Clay. Dance with me, Clay.
Criticism, Biography, and Popular Culture: Comment
Authors: Sollors Werner 
Published: April 2011

The preceding essays by David Stineback, David Nye, and V. P. Bynack argue that there is a crisis in our discipline and proceed to make, or at least imply, suggestions for the future of American Studies.1. We have failed to do justice to authors like Willa Cather; we have, in fact, not even approached the achievement of popular newspaper reviewers.2. We have indulged in the old “pretense of biography” and overlooked the most significant sources while looking for such dubious entities as the one called, for example, “Thomas Edison.”3. We are incurable nineteenth-century organicists and don't even know that we should know that we don't know what we are talking about.
The Scarlet Letter: A Political Reading
Authors: Moers Ellen 
Published: April 2011

It was something of an accident that Hawthorne's masterpiece appeared in bifurcated form: an adultery novel — that ancient female form — preceded by a long political introduction, as masculine in tone as anything Hawthorne ever wrote, called “The Custom-House.” This introduction deals with Hawthorne's three-year tenure as surveyor of the Salem Custom House, a post he was given as a Democratic Party stalwart, and which he took on solely for its salary. He describes his fellow officials (mostly Whigs) as stupid, sluggish, lazy, animal-like, senile, and gluttonous, and himself as little better than the rest:a row of venerable figures, sitting in old-fashioned chairs, which were tipped on their hind legs back against the wall. Oftentimes they were asleep, but occasionally might be heard talking together, in voices between speech and a snore, and with that lack of energy that distinguishes the occupants of alms-houses, and all other human beings who depend for subsistence on charity, on monopolized labor, or any thing else but their own independent exertions … And here, some six months ago, - pacing from corner to corner, or lounging on the long-legged stool, with his elbow on the desk, and his eye wandering up and down the columns of the morning newspaper, —you might have recognized … the same individual who welcomed you into his cheery little study … on the western side of the Old Manse. But now, should you go hither to seek him, you would inquire in vain for the Locofoco Surveyor. The bosom of reform has swept him out of office; and a worthier successor wears his dignity and pockets his emoluments.
Women and Space: The Flowering of Desire
Authors: Fryer Judith 
Published: April 2011

Thomas pynchon's oedipa maas sees in the Varo triptych echoes of her own Rapunzel-like state, her world a tower from which Pierce Inverariety has ineffectually tried to rescue her. Pynchon does not comment on the other two panels of the triptych. In the first, the young women (more slender than frail) file away on bicycles from their conventlike towers – out for exercise or a trip to town; in the last, one of the maidens departs with her knight of deliverance. Nor does Pynchon observe that in the middle panel the young women, embroidering the tapestry of the world in their communal solitude,create the world. In which panel, one might ask, are the young women most free?The work of Remedios Varo is filled with women in towers; spinning, weaving, writing poetry, composing music – creating the world. All of the women are the same woman. She frightens Pynchon. “Such a captive maiden,” he writes, “soon realizes that her tower, its height and architecture, are like her ego only incidental: that what really keeps her where she is is magic, anonymous and malignant.”
Donald Barthelme and the Death of Fiction
Authors: Stott William 
Published: April 2011

That illuminating exchange occurs in “The Explanation,” a short story in Donald Barthelme's City Life (1970). I put it at the beginning of this paper because I hope by the end to have explained it.A great many critics—Mary McCarthy chief among them—believe that the novel as we have known it is dying in America. I agree and, in the next pages, throw a few clods on its coffin. But while I think that fiction as we have known it is dying, I think fiction itself is being reborn in unlooked-for ways. This paper contends that Donald Barthelme's works—particularly his early works, the short story collections Come Back, Doctor Caligari (1964), and Unspeakable Practices, Unnatural Acts (1968), and the minimalist novel Snow White (1967)— analyze the older fiction's failure to come to grips with reality in America as we now experience it and offer us a new kind of fiction.
Cut Off from Words: Robert Lowell's “Tranquilized Fifties”
Authors: Doreski William 
Published: April 2011

In a 1961 letter to his cousin Harriet Winslow, Robert Lowell, reflecting on the Cold War crises of the period, particularly the erection of the Berlin Wall, wroteThe world's really strange isn't it? I mean the world of the news and the nations and the bomb testings. I feel it this fall and wonder, if it's just being forty three. Under a certain calm, there seems to be a question that must be answered. If one could think of the question. (Papers)Though this passage illustrates Lowell's tendency to read the world in autobiographical terms, it also displays his sensitivity to the role of language in crisis situations. The rhetorical, public, and communal problem of voicing the required question may be the key to “the world of the news,” yet asking that question is not only beyond Lowell but beyond everyone else (the uncharacteristically impersonal “one”). By the end of the 1950s, voicing the need to ask such a question had become an intrinsic part of Lowell's poetics, most clearly formulated in “For the Union Dead,” a poem completed in 1960 in which the public and the personal dimensions powerfully cohere. However, Lowell's work of the previous decade, collected in Life Studies (1959), in a subtle way had already explored the clichés, aporia, rhetorical corruption, and general verbal difficulties of the first decade of the television era.
The possible pollen cone of the Late Triassic conifer Heidiphyllum/Telemachus (Voltziales) from Antarctica
Authors: Bomfleur Benjamin , Serbet Rudolph , Taylor Edith L. , Taylor Thomas N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFossil leaves of the Voltziales, an ancestral group of conifers, rank among the most common plant fossils in the Triassic of Gondwana. Even though the foliage taxon Heidiphyllum has been known for more than 150 years, our knowledge of the reproductive organs of these conifers still remains very incomplete. Seed cones assigned to Telemachus have become increasingly well understood in recent decades, but the pollen cones belonging to these Mesozoic conifers are rare. In this contribution we describe the first compression material of a voltzialean pollen cone from Upper Triassic strata of the Transantarctic Mountains. The cone can be assigned to Switzianthus Anderson & Anderson, a genus that was previously assumed to belong to an enigmatic group of pteridosperms from the Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa. The similarities of cuticle and pollen morphology, together with co-occurrence at all known localities, indicate that Switzianthus most probably represents the pollen organ of the ubiquitous Heidiphyllum/Telemachus plant.
What Longevity Predictors Should be Allowed for When Valuing Pension Scheme Liabilities? ‐ Abstract of the Discussion
Authors: Baxter Steven 
Published: April 2011

This abstract relates to the following paper:MadrigalA.M., MatthewsF.E., PatelD.D., GachesA.T. & BaxterS.D.What Longevity Predictors Should Be Allowed for When Valuing Pension Scheme Liabilities?British Actuarial Journal, doi:10.1017/S1357321711000018.
Estimated portion sizes of snacks and beverages differ from reference amounts and are affected by appetite status in non-obese men
Authors: Brogden Nina , Almiron-Roig Eva 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the extent to which appetite status influences portion size estimation in men under laboratory conditions and to quantify how much participants’ portion estimates differed from the recommended portion sizes defined by authoritative bodies (i.e. government and health professionals’ reference amounts).DesignRepeated, randomized cross-over trial with each participant attending the laboratory on four separate occasions. At each session, participants rated the number of portions of eight foods and beverages displayed in front of them. Participants rated portions twice after consuming breakfast (full conditions) and twice after an overnight fast (hungry conditions). Portion estimates were compared with reference amounts from the British and American Dietetic Associations, from the UK Food Standards Agency and from the US Food and Drug Administration.SettingFood skills laboratory, University of Chester, UK.SubjectsTwenty-seven non-obese men (mean age 24·9 (sd6·5) years).ResultsPortion size estimates for all items were significantly smaller under hungry than under full conditions (P< 0·01). Relative to reference instruments, estimates were significantly smaller for all foods except banana, irrespective of appetite status (P< 0·001).ConclusionsIn this data set, appetite status altered the perception of food amounts. There were large discrepancies between participants’ perception of a portion and recommendations from health professionals and government standards. Nutritional educational strategies should take into account the role of hunger along with a person's familiarity with existing portion size systems when advising on portion sizes.
Structures of p63 DNA binding domain in complexes with half-site and with spacer-containing full response elements
Authors: Chen Chen , Gorlatova Natalia , Kelman Zvi , Herzberg Osnat 
Published: April 2011

Transcription factor p63, a p53 family member, plays a role in epithelial cell development, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Point mutations, primarily in the DNA binding domain (p63DBD), lead to malformation syndromes. To gain insight into differences between p63 and p53 and the impact of mutations on the structure, we have determined two crystal structures of p63DBD in complex with A/T-rich response elements. One complex contains a 10-bp DNA half-site response element (5′AAACATGTTT3′) and the other contains a 22-bp DNA full response element with a 2-bp spacer between two half-sites (5′AAACATGTTTTAAAACATGTTT3′). In both structures, each half-site binds a p63DBD dimer. The two p63DBD dimers do not interact in the presence of the DNA spacer, whereas they interact with one another in the p63DBD/10-bp complex where the DNA simulates a full response element by packing end-to-end. A unique dimer–dimer interaction involves a variable loop region, which differs in length and sequence from the counterpart loop of p53DBD. The DNA trajectories in both structures assume superhelical conformations. Surface plasmon resonance studies of p63DBD/DNA binding yielded
K
d
= 11.7 μM for a continuous full response element, whereas binding was undetectable with the 22-bp DNA, suggesting an important contribution of a p63DBD interdimer interface to binding and establishing that p63DBD affinity to the response element is approximately 1,000-fold lower than that of p53DBD. Analyses of the structural consequences of p63DBD mutations that cause developmental defects show that, although some mutations affect DNA binding directly, the majority affects protein stability.
Generalized entropies and the transformation group of superstatistics
Authors: Hanel Rudolf , Thurner Stefan , Gell-Mann Murray 
Published: April 2011

Superstatistics describes statistical systems that behave like superpositions of different inverse temperatures β, so that the probability distribution is

, where the “kernel”
f
(
β
) is nonnegative and normalized [∫
f
(
β
)
dβ
= 1]. We discuss the relation between this distribution and the generalized entropic form

. The first three Shannon–Khinchin axioms are assumed to hold. It then turns out that for a given distribution there are two different ways to construct the entropy. One approach uses escort probabilities and the other does not; the question of which to use must be decided empirically. The two approaches are related by a duality. The thermodynamic properties of the system can be quite different for the two approaches. In that connection, we present the transformation laws for the superstatistical distributions under macroscopic state changes. The transformation group is the Euclidean group in one dimension.
Influence of Jet‐Cooking Prowashonupana Barley Flour on Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Activities, and Viscoelastic Properties
Authors: Inglett George E. , Chen Diejun , Berhow Mark 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe objective was to study the influence of jet‐cooked Prowashonupana barley flour on total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, water‐holding capacities, and viscoelastic properties. Barley flour was jet‐cooked without or with pH adjustment at 7, 9, or 11. Generally, the free phenolic content and antioxidant activity decreased after jet‐cooking, while the bound phenolic content and antioxidant significantly increased regardless of pH. Detectable levels of gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p‐coumaroyl‐pentose in the jet‐cooked barley flour hydrolysates along with vitexin were found among 21 phenolics by LC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS analysis. Jet‐cooking at an elevated pH resulted in increased pasting viscosities. The oil content was decreased after jet‐cooking and continued to decrease with increased pH values. Jet cooking dramatically increased water holding capacity from 179% for unprocessed flour to 643% for jet‐cooked flour without pH adjustment, and water‐holding capacity was greatly increased to 914% by jet‐cooking at pH 11. The combination of jet‐cooking and pH adjustment had tremendous influence on water‐holding and pasting properties. This increase in functionality should contribute to food applications such as bakery and frozen products because of the release of the bound phenolic content, antioxidant activities, and improved water‐holding and pasting abilities.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of 2 Age‐stratified Versions of the Pediatric GERD Symptom and Quality of Life Questionnaire
Authors: Kleinman Leah , Nelson Suzanne , Kothari‐Talwar Smita , Roberts Laurie , Orenstein Susan R , Mody Reema R , Hassall Eric , Gold Ben , Revicki Dennis A , Dabbous Omar 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:The Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptom and Quality of Life Questionnaire (PGSQ) represents 2 related age‐stratified tools developed to assess pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). These include the PGSQ‐Cp (for children ages 2 to 8 years, parent/caregiver report) and the PGSQ‐A (for adolescents ages 9–17 years). The objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate PGSQ measurement properties.Materials and Methods:The PGSQ items were generated based on information from focus groups, expert clinician review, and cognitive debriefing interviews. The symptoms of pediatric GERD and the effect of these symptoms were addressed. The tools were evaluated in a 3‐week psychometric evaluation with participants from 11 clinical sites in the United States. The study included other measures such as the Pediatric Quality of Life questionnaire (PedsQL) and clinician‐rated GERD severity. After item reduction, internal consistency, reproducibility, construct validity, known‐group validity, and responsiveness were assessed.Results:The 231 participants included 75 parents of children ages 2 to 8 years and 75 children ages 9 to 17 years with GERD and 41 parents of children and 40 children ages 9 to 17 years without GERD. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated 4 symptom subscales for the PGSQ‐Cp and 3 symptom subscales for the PGSQ‐A. Both had subscales for total impact and school impact. High to moderate internal consistency was observed, ranging from 0.76 to 0.96 for the PGSQ‐Cp and from 0.67 to 0.94 for the PGSQ‐A. The PGSQ significantly differentiated between patients with GERD and controls (P < 0.0001, PGSQ‐Cp; P < 0.0022–0.0001, PGSQ‐A) and demonstrated responsiveness.Conclusions:These results support the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of both versions of the PGSQ. The instruments should be useful for clinical studies.
Growth Pre‐ and Postimplementation of a Steroid‐free Induction Protocol in a Large Pediatric Intestinal Transplant Population
Authors: Nucci Anita M , Strohm Sharon , Squires Robert H , Mazariegos George V , Sun Qing , Sindhi Rakesh 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:Beginning in March 2002, we initiated steroid‐free lymphocyte depleting immunosuppression with rabbit anti‐human thymocyte globulin (rATG) for all children who received an intestinal transplant (ITx). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this treatment regimen supported growth. Because steroids were used for rejection episodes only, we hypothesized that improved growth would be observed in steroid‐free rATG‐treated children.Patients and Methods:Nutrition outcomes in patients who received an ITx between December 1996 and February 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Nutritional analysis included evaluation of differences in weight and height z scores between transplantation and 2 years post‐ITx by the type of immunosuppressant therapy received.Results:A total of 109 children received an ITx during the evaluation period. Of these, 29 received a transplant before March 2002 and received an induction regimen that included anti–T‐cell immunosuppressant, tacrolimus (TAC), with prednisone (steroid). The remaining 80 children received an induction regimen of rATG and TAC without steroids (steroid‐free). Steroid‐free children met their full nutritional requirements enterally or orally in a median of 2 months, whereas children treated with the steroid regimen reached nutritional autonomy 7 months after transplant (P < 0.001). A positive trend in z score values over time for height was observed in 48% of steroid‐free patients versus 44% in the steroid regimen. The change in mean z score for linear growth over time was most positive (0.55) in the steroid‐free group and <120 days of steroids during the follow‐up period with 62% of patients in this group observed to have positive growth over time.Conclusions:Nutritional autonomy was achieved rapidly, and positive growth was observed in the majority of patients with ITx who received steroid‐free immunosuppression with rATG.