bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MQT Predictor: Automatic Device Selection with Device-Specific Circuit Compilation for Quantum Computing
Authors: Quetschlich Nils , Burgholzer Lukas , Wille Robert 
Published: June 2024

Fueled by recent accomplishments in quantum computing hardware and software, an increasing number of problems from various application domains are being explored as potential use cases for this new technology. Similarly to classical computing, realizing an application on a particular quantum device requires the corresponding (quantum) circuit to be
compiled
so that it can be executed on the device. With a steadily growing number of available devices—each with their own advantages and disadvantages—and a wide variety of different compilation tools, the number of choices to consider when trying to realize an application is quickly exploding. Due to missing tool support and automation, especially end-users who are not quantum computing experts are easily left unsupported and overwhelmed.

In this work, we propose a methodology that allows one to
automatically select
a suitable quantum device for a particular application
and
provides an
optimized compiler
for the selected device. The resulting framework—called the
MQT Predictor
—not only supports end-users in navigating the vast landscape of choices, it also allows
mixing and matching
compiler passes from various tools to create optimized compilers that transcend the individual tools. Evaluations of an exemplary framework instantiation based on more than 500 quantum circuits and seven devices have shown that—compared with both Qiskit’s and TKET’s most optimized compilation flows for all devices—the MQT Predictor produces circuits within the top-3 out of 14 baselines in more than 98% of cases while frequently outperforming any tested combination by up to 53% when optimizing for
expected fidelity
. Additionally, the framework is trained and evaluated for
critical depth
as another
figure of merit
to showcase its flexibility and generalizability—producing circuits within the top-3 in 89% of cases while frequently outperforming any tested combination by up to 400%. MQT Predictor is part of the
Munich Quantum Toolkit
(MQT) and publicly available as open-source on GitHub (
https://github.com/cda-tum/mqt-predictor
) and as an easy-to-use
Python
package (
https://pypi.org/p/mqt.predictor
).
Novel Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction, Plaque Rupture, and Stroke Shows Improved Survival With Myeloperoxidase Inhibition
Authors: Shamsuzzaman Sohel , Deaton Rebecca A. , Salamon Anita , Doviak Heather , Serbulea Vlad , Milosek Victoria M. , Evans Megan A. , Karnewar Santosh , Saibaba Subhi , Alencar Gabriel F. , Shankman Laura S. , Walsh Kenneth , Bekiranov Stefan , Kocher Olivier , Krieger Monty , Kull Bengt , Persson Marie , Michaëlsson Erik , Bergenhem Nils , Heydarkhan-Hagvall Sepideh , Owens Gary K. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Thromboembolic events, including myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, caused by the rupture or erosion of unstable atherosclerotic plaques are the leading cause of death worldwide. Although most mouse models of atherosclerosis develop lesions in the aorta and carotid arteries, they do not develop advanced coronary artery lesions. Moreover, they do not undergo spontaneous plaque rupture with MI and stroke or do so at such a low frequency that they are not viable experimental models to study late-stage thrombotic events or to identify novel therapeutic approaches for treating atherosclerotic disease. This has stymied the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for reducing these events beyond what has been achieved with aggressive lipid lowering. Here, we describe a diet-inducible mouse model that develops widespread advanced atherosclerosis in coronary, brachiocephalic, and carotid arteries with plaque rupture, MI, and stroke.

METHODS:

We characterized a novel mouse model with a C-terminal mutation in the scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-BI), combined with
Ldlr
knockout (designated SR-BI
∆CT/∆CT
/
Ldlr

−/−

). Mice were fed Western diet (WD) for 26 weeks and analyzed for MI and stroke. Coronary, brachiocephalic, and carotid arteries were analyzed for atherosclerotic lesions and indices of plaque stability. To validate the utility of this model, SR-BI
∆CT/∆CT
/
Ldlr

−/−

mice were treated with the drug candidate AZM198, which inhibits myeloperoxidase, an enzyme produced by activated neutrophils that predicts rupture of human atherosclerotic lesions.

RESULTS:

SR-BI
∆CT/∆CT
/
Ldlr

−/−

mice show high (>80%) mortality rates after 26 weeks of WD feeding because of major adverse cardiovascular events, including spontaneous plaque rupture with MI and stroke. Moreover, WD-fed SR-BI
∆CT/∆CT
/
Ldlr

−/−

mice displayed elevated circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation within lesions compared with control mice. Treatment of WD-fed SR-BI
∆CT/∆CT
/
Ldlr

−/−

mice with AZM198 showed remarkable benefits, including >90% improvement in survival and >60% decrease in the incidence of plaque rupture, MI, and stroke, in conjunction with decreased circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and reduced neutrophil extracellular trap formation within lesions.

CONCLUSIONS:

WD-fed SR-BI
∆CT/∆CT
/
Ldlr

−/−

mice more closely replicate late-stage clinical events of advanced human atherosclerotic disease than previous models and can be used to identify and test potential new therapeutic agents to prevent major adverse cardiac events.
Neural Mechanisms of Learning and Consolidation of Morphologically Derived Words in a Novel Language: Evidence From Hebrew Speakers
Authors: Nathaniel Upasana , Eidelsztein Stav , Geskin Kate Girsh , Yamasaki Brianna L. , Nir Bracha , Dronjic Vedran , Booth James R. , Bitan Tali 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We examined neural mechanisms associated with the learning of novel morphologically derived words in native Hebrew speakers within the Complementary Learning Systems (CLS) framework. Across four sessions, 28 participants were trained on an artificial language, which included two types of morphologically complex words: linear (root + suffix) with a salient structure, and non-linear (root interleaved with template), with a prominent derivational structure in participants’ first language (L1). A third simple monomorphemic condition, which served as baseline, was also included. On the first and fourth sessions, training was followed by testing in an fMRI scanner. Our behavioural results showed decomposition of both types of complex words, with the linear structure more easily learned than the non-linear structure. Our fMRI results showed involvement of frontal areas, associated with decomposition, only for the non-linear condition, after just the first session. We also observed training-related increases in activation in temporal areas specifically for the non-linear condition, which was correlated with participants’ L1 morphological awareness. These results demonstrate that morphological decomposition of derived words occurs in the very early stages of word learning, is influenced by L1 experience, and can facilitate word learning. However, in contrast to the CLS framework, we found no support for a shift from reliance on hippocampus to reliance on cortical areas in any of our conditions. Instead, our findings align more closely with recent theories showing a positive correlation between changes in hippocampus and cortical areas, suggesting that these representations co-exist and continue to interact with one another beyond initial learning.
Neighborhood Ensemble Copula Coupling: Smoother and Sharper Calibrated Ensembles
Authors: Trotta Belinda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ensemble copula coupling (Schefzik et al.) is a widely used method to produce a calibrated ensemble from a calibrated probabilistic forecast. This process improves the statistical accuracy of the ensemble; in other words, the distribution of the calibrated ensemble members at each grid point more closely approximates the true expected distribution. However, the trade-off is that the individual members are often less physically realistic than the original ensemble: there is noisy variation among neighboring grid points, and, depending on the calibration method, extremes in the original ensemble are sometimes muted. We introduce neighborhood ensemble copula coupling (N-ECC), a simple modification of ECC designed to mitigate these problems. We show that, when used with the calibrated forecasts produced by Flowerdew’s (Flowerdew) reliability calibration, N-ECC improves both the visual plausibility and the statistical properties of the forecast.

Significance Statement
Numerical weather prediction (NWP) uses physical models of the atmosphere to produce a set of scenarios (called an ensemble) describing possible weather outcomes. These forecasts are used in other models to produce weather forecasts and warnings of extreme events. For example, NWP forecasts of rainfall are used in hydrological models to predict the probability of flooding. However, the raw NWP forecasts require statistical postprocessing to ensure that the range of scenarios they describe accurately represents the true range of possible outcomes. This paper introduces a new method of processing NWP forecasts to produce physically realistic, well-calibrated ensembles.
Vaccination hesitancy: Applying the protection motivation theory on parents’ information behavior
Authors: Alwreikat Asma 
Published: June 2024

Objectives This research study investigates COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents in charge of vaccinating their adolescents. The study employs the threat and coping appraisals of the Protection Motivation Theory as a framework to examine parents’ information behavior toward vaccinating their adolescents. Methods A quantitative research design using online questionnaires was conducted to collect data from Jordanian parents of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old. Using convenience sampling, 1000 questionnaires with closed-ended and Likert scale questions were distributed electronically, and only 467 response were retrieved. The study used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data from 421 responses. Results The study found that the information behavior of parents in dealing with perceived vulnerability and response cost of the virus were significant predictors of parents’ vaccination hesitancy. The study has also found that making a vaccination decision based on the available information, response efficacy, and self-efficacy were not significant predictors of vaccination hesitancy. Surprisingly, having information on the perceived severity of the virus was found to increase vaccination hesitancy. Conclusion The study provides useful demographic information about the targeted population and suggests that vaccination promotion strategies should focus on providing accurate information about vaccine-related vulnerabilities and lowering response costs. The findings add to the existing literature on vaccination apprehension and can help guide future research and policy decisions.
Comparison of lung lesion assessment using free-breathing dynamic contrast-enhanced 1.5-T MRI with a golden-angle radial stack-of-stars VIBE sequence and CT
Authors: Chen Jiliang , Tang Qunfeng , Song Yang , Tao Xinwei , Chen Jingwen , Zhao Jun , Jiang Zhen 
Published: June 2024

Background Few studies have investigated the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) using a free-breathing golden-angle radial stack-of-stars volume-interpolated breath-hold examination (FB radial VIBE) sequence in the lung. Purpose To investigate whether DCE-MRI using the FB radial VIBE sequence can assess morphological and kinetic parameters in patients with pulmonary lesions, with computed tomography (CT) as the reference. Material and Methods In total, 43 patients (30 men; mean age = 64 years) with one lesion each were prospectively enrolled. Morphological and kinetic features on MRI were calculated. The diagnostic performance of morphological MR features was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kinetic features were compared among subgroups based on histopathological subtype, lesion size, and lymph node metastasis. Results The maximum diameter was not significantly different between CT and MRI (3.66 ± 1.62 cm vs. 3.64 ± 1.72 cm; P = 0.663). Spiculation, lobulation, cavitation or bubble-like areas of low attenuation, and lymph node enlargement had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) >0.9, while pleural indentation yielded an AUC of 0.788. The lung cancer group had significantly lower Ktrans, Ve, and initial AUC values than the other cause inflammation group (0.203, 0.158, and 0.589 vs. 0.597, 0.385, and 1.626; P < 0.05) but significantly higher values than the tuberculosis group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Morphology features derived from FB radial VIBE have high correlations with CT, and kinetic analyses show significant differences between benign and malignant lesions. DCE-MRI with FB radial VIBE could serve as a complementary quantification tool to CT for radiation-free assessments of lung lesions.
Customizable Push Rod for Forsus Appliance
Authors: Game Shirish , Jethe Sandeep , Merani Varsha , Dongre Shailesh , Mhaske Arun , Shendage Suyog 
Published: June 2024

Introduction Among fixed orthodontic appliances, Forsus fatigue-resistant device (FRD) is a popular choice for treating Class II malocclusion in permanent dentition due to its patient-friendly design. FRD utilizes nickel titanium coil springs to deliver precise and adjustable forces for clinical applications. Material and method A 16 gauge stainless steel wire is used for the fabrication of push rods. Results The fabricated push rods work with efficacy in advancing the mandible in forward position. Conclusion In cases of push rod size mismatch our innovative design overcomes these limitations, ensuring optimal fit and performance.
Early Postoperative Rapid Rehabilitation Yields More Favorable Short-term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Patellar Realignment Surgery for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zhang Jiayao , Lai Sike , Li Junqiao , Zhang Chenghao , Yao Lei , Zhang Yuyan , Chen Kunhao , Cai Wufeng , Li Jian , Li Qi 
Published: June 2024

Background: Use of a rapid rehabilitation protocol for postoperative recovery after recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) has gradually gained attention; nonetheless, evidence of its safety and effectiveness is lacking. Purpose: To compare the short-term postoperative outcomes of early rapid rehabilitation with those of conservative rehabilitation in patients with RPD. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 50 patients with RPD who underwent tibial tubercle osteotomy combined with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction were enrolled between January 2018 and February 2019. Postoperatively, the patients were randomly assigned to either the early rapid group (rapid group; n = 25 patients) or the conservative group (control group; n = 25 patients) for rehabilitation training. The rapid group underwent faster progression in weightbearing and range of motion (ROM) training. Knee joint functional scores, ROM, bilateral thigh circumference differences, and imaging data were recorded preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively for comparison. Postoperative complications were recorded over the 24-month follow-up period. Results: The baseline data did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Postoperatively, compared with the control group, the rapid group had higher Tegner scores at 6 weeks and 3 months; higher Lysholm scores at 3 and 6 months; higher International Knee Documentation Committee scores at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months; better ROM; and smaller bilateral thigh circumference differences at 24 months ( P < .05 for all). However, no differences were observed in the Tegner, Lysholm, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores at 24 months postoperatively. At the 6-week and subsequent follow-up visits, the Caton and Insall indices were lower in the control group than in the rapid group ( P < .01 for all). Moreover, compared with the control group, the rapid group had a lower incidence of patella baja at 24 months (0% vs 17%) and fewer complications during the whole follow-up period ( P < .01). Conclusion: Early rapid postoperative rehabilitation appears to be safe and effective for patients who undergo tibial tubercle osteotomy combined with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction to treat RPD. In the short term, this approach was shown to be more advantageous than conservative rehabilitation in improving functional scores, allowing an earlier return to daily activities, although the lack of difference at 24 months implies no long-term benefits. In addition, it potentially helped to prevent the occurrence of complications, including patella baja. Registration: ChiCTR1800014648 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Serum extracellular vesicle-derived miR-21-5p and miR-26a-5p as non-invasive diagnostic potential biomarkers for gastric cancer: A preliminary study
Authors: Wang Jun-Hong , Bai Zhao-zhao , Niu Xing-dong , Zhu Cheng-lou , Liang Tong , Hu Yong-li , Gao Zhen-Hua , Da Ming-Xu 
Published: June 2024

Purpose Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, urgently requiring an early and non-invasive diagnosis. Circulating extracellular vesicles may emerge as promising biomarkers for the rapid diagnosis in a non-invasive manner. Methods Using high-throughput small RNA sequencing, we profiled the small RNA population of serum-derived extracellular vesicles from healthy controls and gastric cancer patients. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) were randomly selected and validated by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic curves were employed to assess the predictive value of miRNAs for gastric cancer. Results In this study, 193 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, of which 152 were upregulated and 41 were signiﬁcantly downregulated. Among the differently expressed miRNA, the expression levels of miR-21-5p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-27a-3p were significantly elevated in serum-derived extracellular vesicles of gastric cancer patients. The miR-21-5p and miR-27a-3p were closely correlated with the tumor size. Moreover, the expression levels of serum miR-21-5p and miR-26a-5p were signiﬁcantly decreased in gastric cancer patients after surgery. Conclusions The present study discovered the potential of serum miR-21-5p and miR-26a-5p as promising candidates for the diagnostic and prognostic markers of gastric cancer.
Description and outcomes of a staff-assisted peritoneal dialysis program in the United States
Authors: Hussein Wael F , Chen Shijie , Bennett Paul N , Atwal Jugjeet , Abra Graham , Weinhandl Eric , Zheng Sijie , Pravoverov Leonid , Schiller Brigitte 
Published: June 2024

Background Staff-assisted peritoneal dialysis (PD) can help overcome barriers to self-care but is not yet available in the United States (US). We developed and implemented a staff-assisted PD program that fits within current regulatory and cost restraints in the US healthcare environment. Methods Patient care technicians (PCTs) were trained on PD procedures and troubleshooting common problems. The program expanded from two centers in August 2020 to sixteen by October 2022. We described the logistic elements of program delivery, and patient and treatment outcomes for patients discharged by end of April 2023, with a cohort follow up until October 2023. Results A total of 121 patients were referred to the program. The most common indications for referral were physical function limitations, cognitive impairment, and psychosocial challenges. Staff assistance was provided for 73 patients. Mean age was 72 (standard deviation 14) years. A total of 604 visits were delivered, with a median 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 3–10, range: 1–49) visits per patient. Median duration of assistance was 8 (IQR: 2–21, range: 1–84) days. Assistance was most frequently needed for PD treatment setup and for observing and directing the technique. No peritonitis events or exit-site infections were reported. Sixty-eight patients (93%) were discharged on PD without staff assistance. The 6- and 12-month survival of PD without assistance was 71% and 57%, respectively. Conclusions Staff-assisted PD for limited time periods is operationally feasible with PCTs in the US and can support transitioning and maintaining patients on PD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04319185
Tibiotalocalcaneal ankle arthrodesis with posterior approach arthroscopic-assisted hindfoot nailing
Authors: Ertan Mehmet Batu , Özbek Emre Anıl , Yoğun Yener , Kocaoğlu Hakan , Güngör Erdal , Akmeşe Ramazan 
Published: June 2024

Purpose End-stage ankle arthrosis causes severe pain and limited movement. Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with arthroscopy-assisted hindfoot nailing can be used to achieve a high union rate and low complication rate. We aimed to examine the early- and mid-term results of patients treated with this technique from various perspectives and to evaluate them by comparing them with the current literature. Methods Data were collected from 25 patients who met the established criteria and underwent TTCA with arthroscopic-assisted hindfoot nailing. In addition to the demographic data of the patients, their clinical and pain scores were evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Additionally, the union time and complication data during the follow-up period were examined. Results When the AOFAS and VAS scores of the 25 patients were examined, a significant improvement was observed in the preoperative period and early postoperative period comparisons ( p < .001). No significant change was observed between the comparison of the postoperative 12th month and last postoperative control clinical scores. While the union rate of the patients was observed to be 92%, the average union time was 13.1 ± 3.5 weeks. During follow-up, peri-implant fracture, deep infection, and non-union were observed in one patient each (12%). Conclusion The early- and mid-term postoperative results of patients treated with TTCA surgery with posterior approach arthroscopic-assisted hindfoot nailing show that this technique may be an option with low complication and high union rates for the appropriate group of patients planned for ankle arthrodesis.