bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory projections in the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus: An experimental study
Authors: Northcutt R. Glenn 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTelencephalic evolution in ray‐finned fishes shows increasing complexity from polypteriform fishes through sturgeons to teleosts. Telencephalic organization in sturgeons is thus critical to our understanding of ray‐finned fish evolution, but it is poorly understood, particularly as regards the roof or pallium. Two major hypotheses exist regarding the medial part of area dorsalis (Dm): that Dm is extended; and that Dm is restricted. The extent and topography of secondary olfactory projections to the pallium are critical in evaluating these hypotheses, but there is little agreement regarding these projections. Olfactory projections in the white sturgeon were therefore examined by using the carbocyanine probe DiI, biocytin, and biotinylated dextrin amine (BDA). Both DiI and BDA revealed primary olfactory projections to the olfactory bulb and primary extrabulbar projections widely in the telencephalon and to more restricted regions of the diencephalon. Myelinated secondary olfactory fibers caused DiI to be less effective in labeling secondary olfactory projections, which terminate in all subpallial nuclei and in the pallium: sparsely in the medial pallial division (Dm); heavily in the posterior pallial division (Dp); and more lightly in the lateral pallial division (Dl). In the diencephalon, substantial secondary olfactory projections were seen to the habenular nuclei, the rostral pole of the inferior lobe, and several nuclei of the posterior tubercle. All secondary olfactory projections were bilateral but heavier ipsilaterally. Bulbopetal neurons were located in both pallial and subpallial centers and were more numerous ipsilaterally. These results corroborate an earlier experimental study on the shovelnose sturgeon and indicate a restricted Dm in sturgeons. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1999–2022, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zorilla: a peer‐to‐peer middleware for real‐world distributed systems
Authors: Drost Niels , van Nieuwpoort Rob V. , Maassen Jason , Seinstra Frank J. , Bal Henri E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe inherent complex nature of current distributed computing architectures hinders the widespread adoption of these systems for mainstream use. In general, users have access to a highly heterogeneous set of compute resources, which may include clusters, grids, desktop grids, clouds, and other compute platforms. This heterogeneity is especially problematic when running parallel and distributed applications. Software is needed which easily combines as many resources as possible into one coherent computing platform.In this paper, we introduce Zorilla: peer‐to‐peer (P2P) middleware that creates a single distributed environment from any available set of compute resources. Zorilla imposes minimal requirements on the resource used, is platform independent, and does not rely on central components. In addition to providing functionality on bare resources, Zorilla can exploit locally available middleware. Zorilla explicitly supports distributed and parallel applications, and allows resources from multiple sites to cooperate in a single computation.Zorilla makes extensive use of both virtualization and P2P techniques. We will demonstrate how virtualization and P2P combine into a simple design, while enhancing functionality and ease of use. Together, these techniques bring our goal a step closer: transparent, easy use of resources, even on very heterogeneous distributed systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On systematic wave digital modeling of passive hyperbolic partial differential equations
Authors: Leuer Christiane , Ochs Karlheinz 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYWave digital models are known to be most suitable for the digital emulation of passive physical systems. Starting from a system description in the form of a suited partial differential equation (PDE), a reference circuit having a one‐to‐one corresponding wave digital structure has to be synthesized. This synthesis transfers the principle of action at proximity and the passivity of the physical system into algorithms, which offer full parallelism, passivity, and robustness against signal and coefficient quantizations. Finding a reference circuit to a given PDE is an open problem, which has only partially been solved. In this paper, we present a schematic reference circuit synthesis for a special class of hyperbolic PDEs. In order to cut down the complexity of the synthesis, we introduce additional design parameters and decompose the PDE into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) and hyperbolic PDE subsystems. The parameters can be exploited to optimize the reference circuit and its corresponding wave digital structure. The method is applied to the Sine‐Gordon equation from the soliton theory and verified by simulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
All‐MOS implementation of RC networks for time‐controlled Gaussian spatial filtering
Authors: Fernández‐Berni J. , Carmona‐Galán R. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the design and VLSI implementation of MOS‐based RC networks capable of performing time‐controlled Gaussian filtering. In these networks, all the resistors are substituted one by one by a single MOS transistor biased in the ohmic region. The design of this elementary transistor is carefully realized according to the value of the ideal resistor to be emulated. For a prescribed signal range, the MOSFET in triode region delivers an interval of instantaneous resistance values. We demonstrate that, for the elementary 2‐node network, establishing the design equation at a particular point within this interval guarantees minimum error. This equation is then corroborated for networks of arbitrary size by analyzing them from a stochastic point of view. Following the design methodology proposed, the error committed by an MOS‐based grid when compared with its equivalent ideal RC network is, despite the intrinsic nonlinearities of the transistors, below 1% even under mismatch conditions of 10%. In terms of image processing, this error hardly affects the outcome, which is perceptually equivalent to that of the ideal network. These results, extracted from simulation, are verified in a prototype vision chip with QCIF resolution manufactured in the AMS 0.35µm CMOS‐OPTO process. This prototype incorporates a focal‐plane MOS‐based RC network that performs fully programmable Gaussian filtering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aerosol‐Assisted CVD of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films from Methanolic Solutions of Titanium Tetraisopropoxide; Substrate and Aerosol‐Selective Deposition of Rutile or Anatase
Authors: Edusi Cynthia , Hyett Geoffrey , Sankar Gopinathan , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films are synthesized using aerosol‐assisted (AA)CVD of titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) in methanol. Deposition is carried out on glass, steel, and titanium substrates at 400–550°C. The films produce morphologies that are radically different to those from typical aerosol‐assisted processes, and from the use of TTIP in low or atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD. The films show some substrate‐dependent morphology and properties. In particular at 550°C the films on steel show needle‐ and rod‐like particles. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy of the TiO2 films show that on steel or titanium substrates only the rutile form can be obtained, whereas on glass either anatase, anatase/rutile mixtures, or rutile can be obtained, depending on substrate temperature. The TiO2 films formed at 550°C on all substrates are hydrophobic to water droplets, with contact angles in the range 101–110°. These films become hydrophilic on heating to above 100°C in air, or superhydrophillic when irradiated under 254 nm radiation generating water‐contact angles less than 5°. Surprisingly, use of TTIP under APCVD on steel substrates without an aerosol form exclusively the anatase form of TiO2 at 400–550°C, whereas use of a methanolic aerosol delivery system for the TTIP forms rutile. Hence use of the methanol aerosol has a controlling influence on the deposition chemistry. The TiO2 thin films are shown to be active photocatalysts using a dye‐ink test, and are also shown to be able to photo‐split water in a sacrificial system to evolve oxygen.
Curauá Fiber Microimaging, Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxide Films, and Obtaining of Nanowalled Microtubes
Authors: Grafova Iryna , Kemell Marianna , Lunz Juliana N. , Marques Maria de Fátima V. , Grafov Andriy , Leskelä Markku 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCurauá (Ananas erectifolius) is a new lignocellulosic material possessing valuable properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of natural and delignified fibers reveal their dense structure and nanoveinlets of cellulose agglomerates. Thin Al2O3 and Ta2O5 coatings of various thicknesses (30 − 130 nm) are grown on the fiber surface by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Nanowalled microtubes of Al2O3 and Ta2O5 are prepared by annealing the coated fibers in an oxidative atmosphere to verify compactness, homogeneity, and continuity of the coatings obtained. The suitability of curauá fiber for ALD applications is shown. Both ALD coatings and the nanowalled microtubes replicate well the irregular fiber relief, they are resistant and homogeneous.
Cell cycle dependent TN‐C promoter activity determined by live cell imaging
Authors: Halter Michael , Sisan Daniel R. , Chalfoun Joe , Stottrup Benjamin L. , Cardone Antonio , Dima Alden A. , Tona Alessandro , Plant Anne L. , Elliott John T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe extracellular matrix protein tenascin‐C plays a critical role in development, wound healing, and cancer progression, but how it is controlled and how it exerts its physiological responses remain unclear. By quantifying the behavior of live cells with phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, the dynamic regulation of TN‐C promoter activity is examined. We employ an NIH 3T3 cell line stably transfected with the TN‐C promoter ligated to the gene sequence for destabilized green fluorescent protein (GFP). Fully automated image analysis routines, validated by comparison with data derived from manual segmentation and tracking of single cells, are used to quantify changes in the cellular GFP in hundreds of individual cells throughout their cell cycle during live cell imaging experiments lasting 62 h. We find that individual cells vary substantially in their expression patterns over the cell cycle, but that on average TN‐C promoter activity increases during the last 40% of the cell cycle. We also find that the increase in promoter activity is proportional to the activity earlier in the cell cycle. This work illustrates the application of live cell microscopy and automated image analysis of a promoter‐driven GFP reporter cell line to identify subtle gene regulatory mechanisms that are difficult to uncover using population averaged measurements. Published 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Providing reliable and link stability‐based geocasting model in underwater environment
Authors: Dhurandher Sanjay K. , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Gupta Megha 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a geocast technique for underwater sensor networks. The model named as Routing and Multicast Tree based Geocasting (RMTG) (TRACE'10, Bhopal, India, 2010; ICWET'10, Mumbai, India, 2010) has been designed for underwater sensor networks. In our previous work (TRACE'10, Bhopal, India, 2010; ICWET'10, Mumbai, India, 2010) we proposed only a theoretical model for underwater geocasting. The RMTG technique uses greedy forwarding and previous hop handshaking to route the packets towards the geocast region and further disseminates the data within the geocast region by creating a multicast shortest path tree. We also presented various link broken scenarios along with their solutions. The proposed model does not use the flooding technique to deliver the packets inside the geocast region that is used in most of the geocasting techniques. In this paper, we present the simulated RMTG model. The simulation results show that the proposed model provides an efficient distribution of data in the geocast region in terms of node mobility handling, packet delivery ratio and a better end‐to‐end latency. Most of the work on geocasting has been done for mobile and vehicular ad hoc networks; hence we present in this paper a novel simulated model for underwater environment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of associated autoimmune diseases in families with type 1 diabetes: results from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium
Authors: Wägner Ana M. , Santana Ángelo , Herńndez Marta , Wiebe Julia C. , Nóvoa Javier , Mauricio Dídac ,   The T1DGC6
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a clinically heterogeneous disease. The presence of associated autoimmune diseases (AAIDs) may represent a distinct form of autoimmune diabetes, with involvement of specific mechanisms. The aim of this study was to find predictors of AAIDs in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium data set.MethodsThree thousand two hundred and sixty‐three families with at least two siblings with T1D were included. Clinical information was obtained using questionnaires, anti‐GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) and anti‐protein tyrosine phosphatase (IA‐2) were measured and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping was performed. Siblings with T1D with and without AAIDs were compared and a multivariate regression analysis was performed to find predictors of AAIDs. T1D‐associated HLA haplotypes were defined as the four most susceptible and protective, respectively.ResultsOne or more AAIDs were present in 14.4% of the T1D affected siblings. Age of diabetes onset, current age and time since diagnosis were higher, there was a female predominance and more family history of AAIDs in the group with AAIDs, as well as more frequent anti‐GAD and less frequent anti‐IA‐2 antibodies. Risk and protective HLA haplotype distributions were similar, though DRB1*0301‐DQA1*0501‐DQB1*0201 was more frequent in the group with AAIDs. In the multivariate analysis, female gender, age of onset, family history of AAID, time since diagnosis and anti‐GAD positivity were significantly associated with AAIDs.ConclusionsIn patients with T1D, the presence of AAIDs is associated with female predominance, more frequent family history of AAIDs, later onset of T1D and more anti‐GAD antibodies, despite longer duration of the disease. The predominance of certain HLA haplotypes suggests that specific mechanisms of disease may be involved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synphilin suppresses α‐synuclein neurotoxicity in a Parkinson's disease Drosophila model
Authors: Vargas René Hernández‐ , Ornelas Luis Fonseca‐ , González Ignacio López‐ , Escovar Juan Riesgo‐ , Zurita Mario , Reynaud Enrique 
Published: February 2011

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in humans. It affects 1% of the population over 65‐years old. Its causes are environmental and genetic. As the world population ages, there is an urgent need for better and more detailed animal models for this kind of disease. In this work we show that the use of transgenic Drosophila is comparable to more complicated and costly animal models such as mice. The Drosophila model behaves very similar to the equivalent transgenic mice model. We show that both Synphilin‐1 and α‐synuclein are toxic by themselves, but when co‐expressed, they suppress their toxicity reciprocally. Importantly, the symptoms induced in the fly can be treated and partially reverted using standard PD pharmacological treatments. This work showcases Drosophila as a detailed and multifaceted model for Parkinson's disease, providing a convenient platform in which to study and find new genetic modifiers of PD. genesis 49:392–402, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stella‐Cre mice are highly efficient Cre deleters
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Wei , Chew Su‐Kit , Lee Song‐Choon , Li Juan , Vassiliou George S. , Green Tony , Futreal P. Andrew , Bradley Allan , Zhang Shujun , Liu Pentao 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCre‐loxP recombination is widely used for genetic manipulation of the mouse genome. Here, we report generation and characterization of a new Cre line, Stella‐Cre, where Cre expression cassette was targeted to the 3′ UTR of the Stella locus. Stella is specifically expressed in preimplantation embryos and in the germline. Cre‐loxP recombination efficiency in Stella‐Cre mice was investigated at several genomic loci including Rosa26, Jak2, and Npm1. At all the loci examined, we observed 100% Cre‐loxP recombination efficiency in the embryos and in the germline. Thus, Stella‐Cre mice serve as a very efficient deleter line. genesis 49:689–695, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C‐type lectin SIGNR1 enhances cellular oxidative burst response against C. albicans in cooperation with Dectin‐1
Authors: Takahara Kazuhiko , Tokieda Sumika , Nagaoka Koji , Takeda Tatsuki , Kimura Yukino , Inaba Kayo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe investigated the role of SIGNR1 in the recognition of Candida albicans and the subsequent cellular oxidative burst response. Soluble SIGNR1 (sSIGNR1) tetramer bound equally to zymosan and both heat‐killed (HK) and live C. albicans in an EDTA‐sensitive manner, whereas sDectin‐1 tetramer predominantly bound to zymosan and HK‐microbes in an EDTA‐independent manner. In cellular response, enhanced oxidative burst was observed in RAW264.7 cells expressing SIGNR1 (RAW‐SIGNR1) compared with RAW‐control cells upon stimulation with HK‐C. albicans and zymosan. This response was independent of TLR2 and the cytosolic portion of SIGNR1 but dependent on the recognition by SIGNR1 via carbohydrate recognition domain. Antagonistic laminarin and anti‐Dectin‐1 mAb cooperatively reduced the response with mannan and anti‐SIGNR1 mAb, respectively, although they had no effect by themselves. Moreover, oxidative response and bactericidal activity largely relied on Syk‐mediated signaling. RAW‐SIGNR1 cells not only captured microbes more efficiently but also showed higher responses than RAW‐control cells. Similar enhanced responses were observed in SIGNR‐1‐expressing resident peritoneal Mϕ. Interestingly, Dectin‐1 was recruited to the phagosomal membrane upon the stimulation and physically associated with SIGNR1. These results suggest that SIGNR1 plays a significant role in inducing oxidative response to C. albicans by Syk‐dependent signaling, possibly through Dectin‐1.
Reduced IL‐2 expression in NOD mice leads to a temporal increase in CD62LloFoxP3+CD4+ T cells with limited suppressor activity
Authors: Goudy Kevin S. , Johnson Mark C. , Garland Alaina , Li Chengwen , Samulski Richard J. , Wang Bo , Tisch Roland 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIL‐2 plays a critical role in the induction and maintenance of FoxP3‐expressing regulatory T cells (FoxP3+Tregs). Reduced expression of IL‐2 is linked to T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), in which an imbalance between FoxP3+Tregs and pathogenic T effectors exists. We investigated the contribution of IL‐2 to dysregulation of FoxP3+Tregs by comparing wildtype NOD mice with animals congenic for a C57BL/6‐derived disease‐resistant Il2 allele and in which T‐cell secretion of IL‐2 is increased (NOD.B6Idd3). Although NOD mice exhibited a progressive decline in the frequency of CD62LhiFoxP3+Tregs due to an increase in CD62LloFoxP3+Tregs, CD62LhiFoxP3+Tregs were maintained in the pancreatic lymph nodes and islets of NOD.B6Idd3 mice. Notably, the frequency of proliferating CD62LhiFoxP3+Tregs was elevated in the islets of NOD.B6Idd3 versus NOD mice. Increasing levels of IL‐2 in vivo also resulted in larger numbers of CD62LhiFoxP3+Tregs in NOD mice. These results demonstrate that IL‐2 influences the suppressor activity of the FoxP3+Tregs pool by regulating the balance between CD62Llo and CD62Lhi FoxP3+Tregs. In NOD mice, reduced IL‐2 expression leads to an increase in nonsuppressive CD62LloFoxP3+Tregs, which in turn correlates with a pool of CD62LhiFoxP3+Tregs with limited proliferation.
Integrated T‐cell receptor and costimulatory signals determine TGF‐β‐dependent differentiation and maintenance of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Gabryšová Leona , Christensen Jillian R. , Wu Xuemei , Kissenpfennig Adrien , Malissen Bernard , O'Garra Anne 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFoxp3‐expressing Tregs play a non‐redundant role in protecting against immune pathologies. Foxp3+ Tregs can arise intra‐ and extra‐thymically, however, the signals directing their differentiation and maintenance in the periphery are not well understood. We show that stimulation of mouse naïve CD4+ T cells in vitro with optimal doses of anti‐CD3/anti‐CD28 resulted in high frequencies of Foxp3+ T cells via a TGF‐β‐dependent mechanism. Addition of TGF‐β and retinoic acid overcame the inhibition of Foxp3 expression observed during high‐strength anti‐CD3/anti‐CD28 stimulation. Reducing the strength of TCR or costimulatory signals with inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) or MEK/ERK signalling also enhanced expression of Foxp3 in a TGF‐β‐dependent manner. Addition of TGF‐β was further required to maintain Foxp3 expression in ex vivo derived Foxp3+ Tregs upon prolonged anti‐CD3/anti‐CD28 signalling. Thus, induction/maintenance of Foxp3 expression by TGF‐β is modulated by the integrated strength of TCR/costimulatory signals.
Notch signaling regulates the development of a novel type of Thy1‐expressing dendritic cell in the thymus
Authors: Ishifune Chieko , Maekawa Yoichi , Nishida Jun , Kitamura Akiko , Tanigaki Kenji , Yagita Hideo , Yasutomo Koji 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) required for T‐cell activation and are classified into several subtypes by phenotypic and functional characteristics. However, it remains unclear if distinct transcription factors control the development of each DC subpopulation. In this report, we demonstrate that Notch signaling controls the development of a novel DC subtype that expresses Thy1 (Thy1+DCs). Overstimulation of bone marrow cells with the Notch ligand Delta‐like 1 promoted the development of Thy1+DCs. Thy1+DCs are characterized as CD11c+MHC class II+NK1.1−B220−CD8α+, and are present in the thymus but not in the spleen and lymph nodes. Thymic Thy1+DCs are able to capture exogenous proteins and delete CD4+CD8+ T cells. Transplantation experiments demonstrated that CD44+CD25− and CD44+CD25+ thymocytes can differentiate into Thy1+DCs. Recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBP‐J) deficiency in lineage‐negative bone marrow cells, but not CD11c+ cells, disrupted Thy1+DC development in the thymus. Our data indicate that Notch signaling controls the development of a novel type of Thy1‐expressing DC in the thymus that possibly controls negative selection, and indicates that there may be highly regulated, differential transcriptional control of DC development. Furthermore, our findings suggest that Notch signaling regulates T‐cell development not only by intrinsically inducing T‐cell lineage‐specific gene programs, but also by regulating negative selection through Thy1+DCs.