bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of monoclonal antibodies to establish a universal IVRP method suitable for identifying quadrivalent HPV vaccines that can replace in vivo efficacy tests
Authors: Huang Weijin , Hu Jinpan , Jia Zijing , Wang Meng , Nie Lingling , Fu Wangjun , Zhang Qingfeng , Qin Haiyang , Nie Jianhui , Xu Xiaoyu , Xu Lingjie , Wang Fengze , Chen Yingping , Xing Bo , Li Tao , Li Danfeng , Li Shaowei , Xia Ning-Shao , Wang Xiangxi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Decades of human papillomavirus (HPV) L1-based virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, produced using diverse expression systems and production processes, are in development to meet future global vaccination needs. Type-specific monoclonal antibodies with good reactivity to all types of vaccines are urgently needed to evaluate vaccine efficacy. In this study, binding activity, neutralizing activity, conformational sensitivity, immunodominance in human serum, and versatility were compared among antibodies. A broad-spectrum binding antibody (F5-127) was selected as the capture antibody; four type-specific neutralizing antibodies (F5-77, F5-187, F5-196, and F5-203) were selected as detection antibodies for HPV6, 11, 16, and 18, respectively. These antibodies formed a standardized and universal in vitro relative potency (IVRP) assay kit useful for all quadrivalent HPV vaccines. High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of HPV6-F5-77, HPV11-F5-187, HPV16-F5-196 and HPV18-F5-203 complexes define the location and nature of epitopes, revealing serotype specific binding modes and neutralization mechanisms. These four antibodies target regions which exhibit structural plasticity within the L1 pentamer, rather than quaternary sites constructed by particle formation, conferring conformational sensitivity and reactive universality, pre-requisites as IVRP candidate antibodies. The IVRP results were correlated with efficacy data from mouse models, demonstrating the kit’s sensitivity in detecting the degree of heat-accelerated destruction. Therefore, the IVRP method established in this study offers an efficient alternative to in vivo efficacy experiments for future vaccines.
A Hybrid Model Combining Depthwise Separable Convolutions and Vision Transformers for Traffic Sign Classification Under Challenging Weather Conditions.
Authors: Parse Milind Vijay , Pramod Dhanya , Kumar Deepak 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This research presents a novel deep-learning framework designed for traffic sign image classification under adverse conditions, including rain, shadows, haze, codec errors, and dirty lenses. To effectively balance accuracy and training parameters, the approach combines depthwise and pointwise convolutions, often referred to as depthwise separable convolutions, with a Vision Transformer (ViT) for subsequent feature extraction. The framework's initial block comprises two pairs of depthwise and pointwise convolutional layers followed by a normalization layer. Depthwise convolution is responsible for processing each input channel independently and applying separate filters to each channel, thereby reducing computational cost and parameters while maintaining spatial structure. Pointwise convolutional layers combine information from different channels, fostering complex feature interactions and non-linearities. Batch normalization is used for training stability. At the end of the initial block, the max pooling layer is used to enhance and downsample spatial dimensions. The architecture repeats four times, preserving crucial information through skip connections. To extract global context information, inter-block skip connections and global average pooling (GAP) are employed for dimensionality reduction while retaining vital information. Integration of the ViT model in the final layers captures far-reaching dependencies and relations in the feature maps. The framework concludes with two fully connected layers, a bottleneck layer with 1024 neurons and a second layer using softmax activation to generate a probability distribution over 14 classes. The proposed framework, combining convolution blocks and skip connections with precisely tuned ViT hyperparameters, enhances model performance and achieves an exceptional validation accuracy of 99.3%.
Communication skills of medical interpreters: a qualitative explanatory study of healthcare professionals’ and medical interpreters’ perceptions
Authors: Ono Naoko , Yang Jinghua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Medical interpreters support communication between medical professionals and foreign patients. However, the communication skills required of medical interpreters in the field are currently unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate what medical professionals and medical interpreters consider to be most important communication skills of medical interpreters, and whether there are differences in perceptions between medical professionals and medical interpreters.
Methods
From December 2023 to February 2024, we interviewed 10 medical professionals and medical interpreters (five medical professionals and five medical interpreters) working throughout Japan and in other countries. The narratives collected in the interviews were analyzed and evaluated in a conceptual framework.
Results
Healthcare professionals and medical interpreters exhibited differences in perceptions regarding the most important communication skills for medical interpreters. The narratives of medical professionals and medical interpreters regarding medical interpreters’ communication skills were divided into a 2 × 2 grid consisting of four quadrants with two axes (intervention and perspective). Regarding the communication skills of medical interpreters, medical professionals were primarily concerned with the transmission of medical information, and felt that it was necessary for interpreters to understand medical professionals’ perspectives and what they wanted to say in order to convey it accurately. In contrast, medical interpreters emphasized the importance of empathy and communication skills for respecting the other person and understanding the other person’s opinion and perspective. Additionally, to understand the patient’s perspective, medical interpreters reported that it was important to understand the cultural background of the patient, and to maintain good relationships with all of the people around the patient.
Conclusions
We explored the communication skills of medical interpreters, and the characteristics of the perceptions and narratives of medical professionals and medical interpreters. Narratives regarding the communication skills of medical interpreters were divided into two axes (intervention and perspective) and presented as a 2 × 2 grid with four quadrants. The results of our study suggested that medical interpreters should actively intervene in interpretation situations involving foreign patients.
The epidemiology of salivary glands pathologies in adult population of Armenia: Retrospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Misakyan Martin S. , Poghosyan Anna Yu. , Poghosyan Yuri M. , Papikyan Arthur V. , Sepyan Areg V. , Sargsyan Suyzi A. , Karapetyan Gor A. , Tadevosyan Artashes E. , Bablumyan Aren Yu. , Minasyan Armen M. , Muradyan Armen A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the incidence, frequency, distribution, and demographics of different types of non-neoplastic and neoplastic salivary gland pathologies in the adult population in Armenia from 2017 to 2022.
Methods
A multicenter retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study of salivary gland pathologies (SGPs) in adults diagnosed in Armenia in 2017–2022 was conducted. Data on age, sex, date of referral, diagnosis, radiology and histological findings and treatment methods were extracted. The TNM malignant tumor classification was used for staging assessment.
Results
Over the observed six years, there was an increase in the incidence of SGPs. A significantly higher proportion of males than females were observed in the salivary gland nonneoplastic disease (NND) group (74.8% vs. 25.2%, respectively). A male predominance was also observed in the benign salivary gland tumor (BSGT) group (56.9% vs. 43.1%), and a female predominance of approximately 2:1 was observed in the malignant salivary gland tumor (MSGT) group. Sialolithiasis was the main pathology associated with hospitalization and accounted for 79.6% of NNDs. The parotid gland was the most common anatomical location for benign salivary gland tumors. The highest prevalence of BSGT was observed in patients aged 51–70 years. Among the BSGTs, 41.7% were parotid gland pleomorphic adenomas, and 36.1% were Wartin tumors. The highest prevalence of MSGT was observed in the 61- to 70-year-old age group. The parotid gland was the most common anatomical location for malignant salivary gland tumors (69.8%). Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CExPA) and adenocarcinoma are the most common types of salivary gland malignancies in the Armenian population. Almost all patients with MSGT were admitted with stage T2 or greater, and in most cases, lymph node metastatic involvement was present.
Conclusions
Sialolithiasis was the most common diagnosis of hospitalization in the Armenian population. The incidence of MSGT increases with age. Family physicians can play an important role in the early diagnosis and management of SGTs. The implementation of compulsory medical insurance and prompt recognition and treatment of salivary gland neoplastic lesions could prevent the development of neglected cases and reduce treatment costs.
Trial registration:
not applicable
ChatGPT as a Digital Co-Educator: Promoting Students' Responsible and Ethical Use of OpenAI tools in Educational Contexts
Authors: Habiba Umme Habiba , Partho Partho Protim Biswas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate and expound upon the use of ChatGPT by Bangladeshi university students, with a particular emphasis on its goals, perceptions, benefits, and values of responsible and ethical use. The study used a quantitative approach, collecting information using both paper and online surveys. The researchers used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) techniques with SmartPLS-4 software. The validity and reliability of the items were determined by rigorous testing of the instruments prior to analysis. SEM studies were then carried out to evaluate the suggested hypothesis. The findings showed that how students view ChatGPT is crucial in determining how they use it and what advantages it offers. Perceptions of ChatGPT, usage goals, benefits, and adherence to ethical and responsible use, according to data analysis, continued to be statistically significant. All hypotheses were supported by path analysis, with the exception of two hypotheses, which indicated that ChatGPT had a major impact on students' worries. As a limitation the research's drawback stems from its narrow focus, having been conducted with a limited number of participants despite the extensive size of the target population of university students in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the exclusion of certain universities was necessitated by logistical constraints and time limitations. Consequently, the findings are portrayed as a mere glimpse of a larger phenomenon akin to viewing a vast landscape through a small window. This study emphasizes how crucial it is for Bangladeshi students to use ChatGPT responsibly and ethically, especially in educational settings. Results showed that students use ChatGPT mostly to improve their conceptual grasp, which is consistent with earlier studies showing that AI can help with comprehension.
Participant and trial characteristics reported in predictive analyses of trial attrition: An umbrella review of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials across multiple conditions
Authors: McChrystal Ryan , Lees Jennifer , Gillies Katie , McAllister David , Hanlon Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Trial attrition poses several risks for the validity of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). To better understand attrition, studies have explored and identified predictors among participant and trial characteristics. Reviews of these have so far been limited to single conditions. We performed an umbrella review to explore which participant and trial characteristics are reported in predictive analyses of trial attrition in systematic reviews of RCTs across multiple conditions.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Online Resource for Research in Clinical TriAls for systematic reviews of RCTs that evaluated associations between participant/trial characteristics and attrition. We included quantitative systematic reviews of adult populations that evaluated any participant/trial characteristic and any attrition outcome. Review quality was appraised using R-AMSTAR. A review-level narrative synthesis was conducted.
Results
We identified 88 reviews of RCTs evaluating characteristics associated with attrition. Included reviews encompassed 33 different conditions. Over half (50/88, 56.8%) were of RCTs for psychological conditions. All but one examined trial characteristics (87/88, 98.9%) and fewer than half (42/88, 47.7%) evaluated participant characteristics. Reviews typically reported on participant age (33/42, 78.6%), sex (29/42, 69.1%) and the type (13/42, 31%) or severity (10/42, 23.8%) of an index condition. Trial characteristics typically reported on were intervention type (56/87, 64.4%), intervention frequency/intensity (29/87, 33.3%), intervention delivery/format (26/87, 29.9%), trial duration (16/87, 18.4%), publication/reporting year (15/87, 17.2%) and sample size (15/87, 31.9%). Retention strategies were rarely reported (2/87, 2.3%). No characteristic was examined for every condition. Some reviews of certain conditions found that age (12/33, 36.4%), intervention type (29/56, 51.8%) and trial duration (9/16, 56.3%) were associated with attrition, but no characteristic was reportedly associated across multiple conditions.
Conclusions
Across conditions, reviews conducting predictive analyses of attrition in RCTs typically report on several characteristics. These are participant age, sex and the type or severity of index condition, as well as the type, frequency or intensity and delivery or format of a trial intervention, trial duration, publication/reporting year and sample size. Future studies should consider exploring these characteristics as a core set when evaluating predictive factors of attrition in RCTs across multiple conditions.
Registration
PROSPERO: CRD42023398276
A Proposal for Integrated Mobility Planning in Parandur, Chennai
Authors: Rauniyar Abishek , Nakrani Rinkal Kishor , Indhu B , Priya.R Harini 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The poor connectivity from one mode of transportation to another results in discomfort, time delays, and an increase in transportation costs. This project aims to provide a comprehensive mobility plan based on land use maps and parametric data collection for the problem faced. In this paper, a proposal is presented for Integrated mobility planning in Parandur, Kanchipuram site selected by the government for construction of new airport, focusing on green spaces at roundabout intersections as integral parts of larger landscape systems, creating green infrastructure. The integrated mobility plan is developed using various software which is used for land use mapping, locating existing transportation systems, and developing plan. It will explore how integrated mobility planning can be improved through a holistic approach, considering the different modes of transport and their interconnections, and identifying ways to make integrated mobility planning more accessible and sustainable. As a result, the schematic integrated mobility for Parandur is developed by optimizing the problems faced by the commuters. This study can help the government and stakeholders with decision-making for implementing integrated mobility planning, to promote equitable access to commuters with better transportation services.
Left Ventricular Geometric Patterns and Systolic Myocardial Performance in Nigerian Children with Homozygous Sickle Cell Anaemia
Authors: Peter Igoche David , Asani Mustafa O. , Abdullahi Shehu U , Aliyu Ibrahim , Chinawa Josephat M. , Obaro Stephen K. , Bode-Thomas Fidelia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Cardiac complications contribute significantly to morbidity in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Little is known about the geometry and contractile function of the left ventricle (LV) of affected children in sub-Saharan Africa, which has the greatest burden of thisdisease.
Objective: To compare the LV systolic function of children with SCA in the steady state with that of matched haemoglobin AA controls.
Methods: Clinical, laboratory and LV M-mode echocardiographic parameters of 120 steady-state SCA patients aged 3-14 years were compared with those of matched Hb AA controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS software, version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).
Results: The median ejection fraction of 62.00 (IQR=55.0-67.0) for the subjects was significantly less than that of 68.00 (IQR=65.8-73.0) for the controls (p< 0.001) and correlated negatively with age (ρ=-0.25, p= 0.006), BSA (ρ=-0.24, p= 0.008), systolic BP (ρ=-0.23, p=0.022), and diastolic BP (ρ=-0.31, p=0.002). Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) was present in 27% of the SCA patients but only in 1% of the controls (χ² = 26.5, p< 0.001). The odds of having LVSD decreased by 0.9 for every 1% increase in HbF level (CI= 0.82-0.99, p= 0.03). Abnormal LV geometry, detected in 52% of the subjects, was associated with the presence of LVSD (Fisher’s exact test, p< 0.001). The odds of having abnormal LV geometry decreased by 0.5 for every 1 g increase in Hb level (CI=0.27-0.87, p=0.02).
Conclusions: LVSD is more common in SCA patients than in controls and is less likely to occur in patients with higher HbF levels. Approximately one in every two children with SCA have abnormal LV geometry, which is less likely to occur at higher Hb levels.
Signalment of dogs and histopathological features of subcutaneous and cutaneous mast cell tumors
Authors: Minnoye Stella , De Vos Shana , Beck Samuel , Duchateau Luc , Hubers Mike , David Sieglinde , Fortrie Ruth , de Rooster Hilde 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common malignant skin neoplasms in dogs. In the past, the distinction between cutaneous MCTs (cMCTs), originating from the dermis, and subcutaneous MCTs (scMCTs), originating from the subcutaneous tissue, was not made. Histopathological differentiation, including grading, is important for prognostication. However, the Patnaik and Kiupel grading systems were proposed for cMCTs only. The objective of our study was to describe and compare the signalment of dogs with scMCTs and cMCTs and histopathological features, anticipating similarities in both groups. Data of dogs histologically diagnosed with scMCTs or cMCTs between September 2020 and July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Signalment, tumor location, histopathological features, completeness of removal and lymph node status were recorded.
Results
Data on 305 scMCTs and 1291 cMCTs were collected. Mitotic count (MC) was not different between scMCTs (1.63) and cMCTs (1.58) (P = 0.8490). Compared to cMCTs, scMCTs more often had anisokaryosis, bizarre nuclei and multinucleation. Kiupel high grade was more often assigned to scMCTs (51/292, 17.5%) than cMCTs (154/1291, 11.9%) (P = 0.009). The odds of MCTs being assigned a high grade in scMCT was 1.578 higher than in cMCTs (95% confidence interval [1.116–2.232]).
Conclusions
Breed distribution was different for scMCTs and cMCTs. Histopathological differences between scMCTs and cMCTs were observed. A Kiupel high grade was more often assigned to scMCTs than cMCTs. Whether these histopathological findings correlate with clinical outcome has to be established in additional studies.
Clinical characteristics, risk factors and treatment outcome of acute heart failure patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ejegu Yitagesu , Mekonnen Desalew , Fekadu Chala , Seleshi Tigist , Markos Sura , Tesfaye Demu , Tadesse Konno , Kaki Melese , Arega Balew , Solomon Samra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute Heart failure is associated with high mortality and re-hospitalization rates. Clinical severity and in-hospital trajectory are determined by the complex interplay between precipitants, the underlying cardiac substrate, and the patient’s comorbidities.
Objective
To determine predictors of outcome of acute heart failure and to characterize clinical profile, risk factors and identify predictors of poor outcome.
Methods
A facility based cross sectional study. All medical records of Heart failure patients age of 14 years and above who visited the adult emergency department of study hospital between 1st of March, 2023 and end of December, 2023. Data from 161 eligible medical records were collected on a structured questionnaire adopted from standard Heart failure registries.
Results
Females were (N = 84, 52.2%) of the study population, the mean age was 41.4. Those with age of 40 and below were the majority of the population (N = 84, 52.2%). The most common primary etiology of Heart failure was Rheumatic Heart disease (N = 77, 47.8%), followed by ischemic heart disease (N = 37, 22.9%) and dilated cardiomyopathy (N = 15, 9.3%). In hospital mortality was 14.3%. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, worsening renal function and hyponatremia were predictors of mortality.
Conclusion
In hospital mortality was strongly associated with worsening renal function and hyponatremia and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50%.
Bivariate Exponentiated Lomax Distribution Based on Marshall-olkin Method With a Real-life Application
Authors: Kalantan Z. I. , EL-Helbawy A. A. , AL-Dayian Gannat , Mahmoud Ahlam , Refaey Reda , Khalifa Mervat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This paper focuses on applying the Marshall-Olkin approach to generate a new bivariate distribution. The distribution is called the bivariate exponentiated Lomax distribution, and its marginal distribution is the exponentiated Lomax distribution. Numerous attributes are examined, including the joint reliability and hazard functions, the bivariate probability density function, and its marginal. The joint probability density function and joint cumulative distribution function can be stated analytically. Different contour plots of the joint probability density function, joint reliability, joint hazard rate functions of the bivariate exponentiated Lomax distribution are given. The unknown parameters, reliability, and hazard rate functions of the bivariate exponentiated Lomax distribution are estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Also, Bayesian technique is applied to derive the Bayes estimators, reliability and hazard rate functions of the bivariate exponentiated Lomax distribution. In addition, maximum likelihood and Bayesian two-sample prediction is considered to predict a future observation from a future sample of the bivariate exponentiated Lomax distribution. Finally, a numerical illustration is presented, including a simulation study to investigate the theoretical findings derived in this paper of the maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation. Also, a simulation study is provided to evaluate the theoretical outcomes and performance of the maximum likelihood and Bayesian predictors. Furthermore, the real data set used in this paper is the scoring times from 42 American Football League matches that took place over three consecutive independent weekends in 1986. The results of utilizing the real data approves the practicality and flexibility of the bivariate exponentiated Lomax distribution in real-world situations and that the bivariate exponentiated Lomax distribution is suitable for modeling this bivariate data set.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 62F10, 62F15, 62N05, 62E10, 62N0