bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[2‐{E(CH2CH2)2NCH2}C6H4]nBiX3–n (E = O, NMe; X = Cl, Br, I; n = 1–3) and [2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H4]BiBr2 – New Hypervalent Organobismuth(III) Compounds
Authors: Breunig Hans J. , Nema Mihai G. , Silvestru Cristian , Soran Albert , Varga Richard A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe homoleptic [2‐{E(CH2CH2)2NCH2}C6H4]3Bi [E = O (1), MeN (2)], the chlorides [2‐{E(CH2CH2)2NCH2}C6H4]2BiCl [E = O (3), MeN (4)] and the dichlorides [2‐{E(CH2CH2)2NCH2}C6H4]BiCl2 [E = O (5), MeN (6)] were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding ortho‐lithium derivative with BiCl3 in corresponding molar ratios. The dihalides [2‐{E(CH2CH2)2NCH2}C6H4]BiX2 [X = Br, E = O (7), MeN (9); X = I, E = O (8), MeN (10)] as well as [2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H4]BiBr2 (11) were obtained by halide exchange reactions between RBiCl2 and excess aqueous solution of KX. The compounds were characterized by multinuclear (1H, 13C) NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The crystal and molecular structures of 1–5 and 11 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In all compounds the (C6H4CH2)N nitrogen atoms are coordinated to bismuth. The crystals of 1 and 2, as well as those of the chlorides 3 and 4, contain discrete molecules. For R3Bi intramolecular N→Bi interactions of medium strength [Bi(1)–N(1) 3.170(7) Å for 1 and 3.211(5) Å for 2] result in an overall distorted octahedral (C,N)3Bi core. In the monochlorides one nitrogen atom is strongly coordinated to the bismuth atom [2.660(11) Å for 3 and 2.744(14) Å for 4] trans to the halogen atom, whereas the second one is involved in a weaker intramolecular N→Bi interaction [3.095(11) Å for 3 and 3.061(14) Å for 4] trans to a carbon atom. The overall (C,N)2BiCl core is distorted square‐pyramidal. The crystals of the monohalides 5 and 11 contain discrete dimer units. The pendant arm nitrogen atom is strongly coordinated [2.548(9) Å for 5 and 2.485(13) Å for 11] trans to the bridging halogen atom, thus resulting in an overall distorted square‐pyramidal (C,N)BiX3 (X = Cl, Br) core. The six‐membered morpholinyl and piperazinyl rings in 1–5 adopt the chair conformation, which prevents intramolecular coordination of the oxygen or N(Me) nitrogen atoms to bismuth. Supramolecular architectures based on intermolecular Bi···Br interactions, Cl···H, and Br···H contacts are formed in the crystals of 3, 5, and 11.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gold(I) and Gold(III) Complexes Derived from Benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene Ligands
Authors: Jahnke Mareike C. , Pape Tania , Hahn F. Ekkehardt 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSubstitution of the chlorido ligand in (N,N′‐dialkylbenzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene)gold(I) chlorides (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) succeeded by treatment of the gold chlorido complexes with lithium bromide in acetone, which leads to the gold complexes of the type [AuBr(NHC)] (1–4). Furthermore, the Au–Ccarbene bond in complexes 1–4 is inert towards a change of the oxidation state of the metal atom. Complexes 1–4 were oxidized chemically with elemental bromine leading to the gold(III) carbene complexes of the type [AuBr3(NHC)] (5–8). The molecular structures of the gold(I) complexes 1, 2, and 4, which exhibit a linear topology, are presented together with the two molecular structures of the square‐planar gold(III) complexes 6 and 8.
Synthesis and Structural Characterisation of an Isomorphous Series of Bis(imidazolin‐2‐imine) Metal Dichlorides Containing the First Row Transition Metals Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn
Authors: Glöge Thomas , Petrovic Dejan , Hrib Cristian G. , Daniliuc Constantin , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Jones Peter G. , Tamm Matthias 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe bis(imidazolin‐2‐imine) ligand N,N′‐bis(1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene)‐1,2‐ethanediamine (BLiPr) was used to synthesize a complete series of transition metal dichloride complexes of the type [(BLiPr)MCl2] with M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn. The molecular structure of each complex was established by X‐ray diffraction analysis; the complexes are isomorphous and crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c, which allows comparison of their structural parameters in a constant packing environment. The complexes exhibit distorted tetrahedral coordination around the metal atoms with the dihedral angles between the MN2 and MCl2 planes ranging from 53.9° (M = Cu) to 75.5° (M = Zn).
Transition‐Metal Complexes Based on the 1,3,5‐Triethynyl Benzene Linking Unit
Authors: Packheiser Rico , Rüffer Tobias , Ecorchard Petra , Lang Heinrich 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of a unique series of heteromultinuclear transition metal compounds is reported. Complexes 1‐I‐3‐Br‐5‐(FcC≡C)‐C6H3 (4), 1‐Br‐3‐(bpy‐C≡C)‐5‐(FcC≡C)‐C6H3 (6), 1,3‐(bpy‐C≡C)2‐5‐(FcC≡C)‐C6H3 (7), 1‐(XC≡C)‐3‐(bpy‐C≡C)‐5‐(FcC≡C)‐C6H3 (8, X = SiMe3; 9, X = H), 1‐(HC≡C)‐3‐[(CO)3ClRe(bpy‐C≡C)]‐5‐(FcC≡C)‐C6H3 (11), 1‐[(Ph3P)AuC≡C]‐3‐[(CO)3ClRe(bpy‐C≡C)]‐5‐(FcC≡C)‐C6H3 (13), 1‐[(Ph3P)AuC≡C]‐3‐(bpy‐C≡C)‐5‐(FcC≡C)‐C6H3 (14), [1‐[(Ph3PAuC≡C]‐3‐[{[Ti](C≡CSiMe3)2}Cu(bpy‐C≡C)]‐5‐(FcC≡C)‐C6H3]PF6 (16), and [1,3‐[(tBu2bpy)2Ru(bpy‐C≡C)]2‐5‐(FcC≡C)‐C6H3](PF6)4 (18) (Fc = (η5‐C5H4)(η5‐C5H5)Fe, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridiyl‐5‐yl, [Ti] = (η5‐C5H4SiMe3)2Ti) were prepared by using consecutive synthesis methodologies including metathesis, desilylation, dehydrohalogenation, and carbon–carbon cross‐coupling reactions. In these complexes the corresponding metal atoms are connected by carbon‐rich bridging units comprising 1,3‐diethynyl‐, 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene and bipyridyl units. They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and partly by ESI‐TOF mass spectrometry., The structures of 4 and 11 in the solid state are reported. Both molecules are characterized by the central benzene core bridging the individual transition metal complex fragments. The corresponding acetylide entities are, as typical, found in a linear arrangement with representative M–C, C–CC≡C and C≡C bond lengths.
K3[C3N3(COO)3]·2H2O – Crystal Structure of a New Alkali Derivative of the Multidentate Ligand Triazine Tricarboxylate
Authors: Makowski Sophia J. , Hörmannsdorfer Michael , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPotassium‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐tricarboxylate dihydrate K3[C3N3(COO)3]·2H2O was obtained by saponification of the respective ethyl ester in aqueous solution under mild conditions and subsequent crystallization at 4 °C. The crystal structure of the molecular salt was elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction [P$\bar{1}$, a = 696.63(14), b = 1748.5(3), c = 1756.0(3) pm, α = 119.73(3), β = 91.96(3), γ = 93.84(3)°, V = 1847.6(6)·106 pm3, Z = 6, T = 200 K]. Perpendicular to [100] the triazine tricarboxylate and potassium ions are arranged in layers alternating with layers of crystal water molecules. Two thirds of the triazine tricarboxylate units form hexagonal channels being filled with the remaining triazine tricarboxylate molecules. K3[C3N3(COO)3]·2H2O was additionally investigated by means of FTIR spectroscopy, TG and DTA measurements.
[(BeCl2)2(18‐Krone‐6)] und sein Hydrolyseprodukt [{Be3(μ‐OH)3(H2O)6}‐(18‐Krone‐6)]Cl3·3H2O: Kristallstrukturen und DFT‐Rechnungen
Authors: Putcha Ralph , Kolbig René , Weller Frank , Neumüller Bernhard , Massa Werner , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBeryllium dichloride reacts in dichloromethane suspension with 18‐crown‐6 to give the molecular centrosymmetric complex [(BeCl2)2(18‐crown‐6)] (1), which was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, by vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman), and by DFT calculations. 1 crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P21/n with Z = 2. Lattice dimensions at 100(2) K: a = 747.5(1), b = 1373.9(1), c = 899.1(1) pm, β = 94.84(1)°, R1 = 0.0233., Exposition of 1 to moist atmosphere leads to single crystals of [{Be3(μ‐OH)3(H2O)6}(18‐crown‐6)]Cl3·3H2O (2·3H2O), which are characterized by X‐ray diffraction. 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\rm P\bar1$ with Z = 2. Lattice dimensions at 100(2) K: a = 1046.04(9), b = 1236.12(11), c = 1275.72(13) pm, α = 80.233(8)°, β = 66.439(7)°, γ = 80.053(7)°, R1 = 0.0476.
Synthesis and Structural Properties of Heteroleptic Rare Earth Mixed Carboxylates with Well‐defined Solvation Spheres
Authors: Behrsing Thomas , Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMixed carboxylate complexes of cerium(III) and yttrium(III), [Ce2(OAc)4(salH)2(OH2)4]·4HOAc and [Y2(OAc)4(salH)2(OH2)4]·2H2sal (HOAc, H2sal ≡ acetic, salicylic acids) have been structurally characterized as tetrakis(acetic) and bis(salicylic) acid solvates, respectively. The dinuclear complex components take an identical form: [(OAc‐O,O′)(H2O)2Ln(O,μ‐O′‐OAc)2(O‐Hsal‐O′)2Ln(OH2)2(O,O′‐OAc)], with bridging pairs of acetate and salicylate ligands. The solvating acid molecules are closely and elegantly associated with the dinuclear complex via hydrogen bonding, these aggregates in turn being held together in the lattice by interactions between water molecule hydrogen atoms and neighboring carboxylate oxygen atoms.
Contributions of prognostic factors for poor outcome in primary care low back pain patients
Authors: Dunnl Kate M. , Jordan Kelvin P. , Croft Peter R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground: Back pain is common and some sufferers consult GPs, yet many sufferers develop persistent problems. Combining information on risk of persistence and prognostic indicator prevalence provides more information on potential intervention targets than risk estimates alone.Aims: To determine the proportion of primary care back pain patients with persistent problems whose outcome is related to measurable prognostic factors.Methods: Prospective cohort study of back pain patients (30–59 years) at five general practices in Staffordshire, UK (n =389). Baseline factors (demographic; episode duration; symptom severity; pain widespreadness; anxiety; depression; catastrophising; fear‐avoidance; self‐rated health) were assessed for their association with disabling and limiting pain after 12‐months. The proportion of those with persistent problems whose outcome was related to each factor was calculated.Results: Prevalence of prognostic factors ranged from 23% to 87%. Strongest predictors were unemployment (adjusted relative risk (RR) 4.2; 95% CI 2.0, 8.5) and high pain intensity (4.1; 1.7, 9.9). The largest proportions of persistent problems were related to high pain intensity (68%; 95% CI 27, 87%) and unemployment (64%; 33, 82%). Combining these indicated that 85% of poor back pain outcome is related to these two factors. Poor self‐rated health, functional disability, upper body pain and pain bothersomeness were related with outcome for over 40% of those with persistent problems.Conclusions: Several factors increased risk of poor outcome in back pain patients, notably high pain and unemployment. These risks in combination with high prevalence of risk factors in this population distinguish factors that can help identify targets or sub‐groups for intervention.
Potentiation of buprenorphine antinociception with ultra‐low dose naltrexone in healthy subjects
Authors: Hayl J.L. , La Vincentel S.F. , Somogyil A.A. , Chapleol C.B. , Whitel J.M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPrevious reports have demonstrated greater antinociception following administration of a buprenorphine/naloxone combination compared to buprenorphine alone among healthy volunteers. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether buprenorphine antinociception could be enhanced with the addition of ultra‐low dose naltrexone, using a range of dose ratios. A repeated‐measures, double‐blind, cross‐over trial was undertaken with 10 healthy participants. The effects of each buprenorphine:naltrexone ratio (100:1, 133:1, 166:1, and 200:1) on cold pressor tolerance time and respiration were compared to the effects of buprenorphine only. The 166:1 ratio was associated with significantly greater tolerance time to cold pressor pain than buprenorphine alone. Minimal respiratory depression and few adverse events were observed in all conditions. These findings suggest that, as previously described with naloxone, the addition of ultra‐low dose naltrexone can enhance the antinociceptive effect of buprenorphine in humans. This potentiation is dose‐ratio dependent and occurs without a concomitant increase in adverse effects.
Challenges in managing cancer pain
Authors: Varrassi Giustino , Marinangeli Franco , Piroli Alba , Paladini Antonella , Coaccioli Stefano 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEffective pain control is a key factor in cancer management, and is primarily achieved through drug therapy. Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for cancer pain management, many cancer patients still do not receive adequate analgesia. Lack of knowledge and misconceptions about opioid treatment is a key contributing factor, along with shortcomings in the WHO guidelines themselves. Evidence shows that starting treatment with strong opioids can provide significantly greater benefits than being treated according to the WHO recommended ‘analgesic ladder’ — a sequential escalation of treatment. There is, therefore, a need for alternative treatment strategies that optimise drug selection, dose and methods of administration. Although widely used, drug delivery through the oral routes is not always acceptable for cancer patients with oral and gastrointestinal problems, and as such a range of administration routes, including transdermal, transmucosal and intranasal routes should be considered. Promising clinical outcomes with treatments such as transdermal fentanyl and intranasal fentanyl spray lend support to the opinion that strong opioids, used in appropriate formulations and doses, play an important role in the care of patients with severe pain.
Physical Activity in Pregnancy: Women's Perceptions, Practices, and Influencing Factors
Authors: Cioffi Jane , Schmied Virginia , Dahlen Hannah , Mills Annie , Thornton Charlene , Duff Margaret , Cummings Joanne , Kolt Gregory S. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Evidence shows that physical activity during and after pregnancy results in health gains for women. There is no clear understanding apparent in the literature of women's experiences with physical activity during their pregnancy. The aim of this study was to describe women's perceptions and participation in physical activity during pregnancy and identify factors influencing participation.Methods: In this qualitative descriptive study, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 19 women, all at different stages of pregnancy, who were asked about their experiences with physical activity.Results: Data analysis resulted in four categories describing “meaning of physical activity,” “perceived benefits of physical activity in pregnancy,” “barriers to and motives for participation in physical activity,” and “process of engagement in physical activity.” The process of engagement in physical activity by women was shown to have three marked phases: “uncertainty,” “engaging,” and “compromise.”Discussion: To facilitate women's self‐management across these phases, support is needed that focuses on providing strategies to strengthen individual approaches by women. Such support might promote activities of daily living as a specific entity of physical activity, expose myths about activity during pregnancy, and endorse the benefits of weight management arising from physical activity, not just during pregnancy, but across the lifespan.
Playing Second Fiddle Is Okay–Swedish Fathers' Experiences of Prenatal Care
Authors: Jungmarker Emily Bogren , Lindgren Helena , Hildingsson Ingegerd 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: In Sweden, prospective fathers are encouraged and welcome to attend prenatal visits, and pregnant women assess their partners' involvement in prenatal care as very important. The aim of this study was to describe expectant fathers' experiences of and involvement in prenatal care in Sweden.Methods: Data were drawn from a 1‐year cohort study of 827 Swedish‐speaking fathers recruited during their partners' midpregnancy and followed up 2 months after childbirth.Results: The participants reported that the most important issues in prenatal care were the woman's physical and emotional well‐being and the support she received from her midwife. However, care was identified as deficient in nearly all aspects of information, medical care, and fathers' involvement. “Excessive” care was also reported and related to how the father was treated by the midwife, mainly in terms of attention to his emotional well‐being.Discussion: Although fathers prioritize the needs of their pregnant partners, it is important for caregivers to assess fathers' needs and incorporate a family‐oriented approach to prenatal care.
Financing the third sector: Introduction
Authors: Phillips Susan , Hebb Tessa 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Civil society organizations (nonprofits, social enterprises, voluntary, community and charitable organizations) are not only an integral part of the delivery of health, education, social, and other services in most developed countries, but also critical contributors to a healthy democracy and a strong economy. How civil society organizations are financed is a key aspect of their sustainability. Such financing is undergoing significant innovation and transformation. This financing ranges from traditional government funding and philanthropic support to new forms of revenue-generating social enterprises. In this themed issue of Policy & Society we bring together international scholars to critically examine the current changes underway in financing the third sector. The volume identifies and analyzes particularly innovative and effective strategies for financing this sector and assesses the implications for public policy through an intentionally broad range of cases that draw on the experience of a number of different countries in financing the third sector.
New excavations at the FLKZinjanthropussite and its surrounding landscape and their behavioral implications
Authors: Domínguez-Rodrigo M. , Bunn H.T. , Mabulla A.Z.P. , Ashley G.M. , Diez-Martin F. , Barboni D. , Prendergast M.E. , Yravedra J. , Barba R. , Sánchez A. , Baquedano E. , Pickering T.R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRenewed excavations at FLK Zinj and its surrounding landscape have yielded valuable information regarding its paleoecological situation and the prehistoric behavioral function of the site. The density of materials at the main cluster of the site excavated by Leakey contrasts with the bone and lithic scatters surrounding the site. The location of FLK Zinj, situated a few hundred meters away from a freshwater spring, would have enabled hominins access to water, plants and game. The appeal of the spot for hominins (also explained by the presence of a wooded habitat) is confirmed by inferences of its redundant use prior and during the formation of the FLK Zinj paleosol, as witnessed by materials accumulated both under and on the waxy clay deposit that constitutes the FLK Zinj stratum. The single-cluster nature of the site indicates central-place behavior and evidence is provided that hominins occupied the site at a time of very low predation hazards in the area.
Disentangling hominin and carnivore activities near a spring at FLK North (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania)
Authors: Domínguez-Rodrigo M. , Mabulla A.Z.P. , Bunn H.T. , Diez-Martin F. , Baquedano E. , Barboni D. , Barba R. , Domínguez-Solera S. , Sánchez P. , Ashley G.M. , Yravedra J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFLK North is one of the densest concentrations of fossils found in Olduvai Gorge. A recent taphonomic re-evaluation of the collection excavated by Leakey at the site suggests that it was a palimpsest in which most of the animals were accumulated and modified by carnivores. The lithic tools therefore seem to have an independent depositional history from most of the fauna. The present study, based on new excavations, expands the evidence supporting this interpretation and demonstrates a thicker deposit than was reported by Leakey, including new archaeological levels. It also shows that in the few instances where hominins butchered carcasses, meat, not marrow, was their main target. This argues against passive scavenging hypotheses, which emphasize the dietary role of marrow, and instead underscores the importance of meat in the diet of early Pleistocene hominins.
Physical activity among 60–69-year-olds in England: knowledge, perception, behaviour and risk factors
Authors: CHAUDHURY MOUSHUMI , SHELTON NICOLA 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the risk factors that influence physical activity levels among a representative sample of older people in England and their awareness of the Chief Medical Officer's recommended level of physical activity. The paper analyses data from the cross-sectional, nationally-representative Health Surveys for England (HSfE) in 2006 and 2007. In HSfE2006, 1,550 adults aged 60–69 years responded to a physical activity participation questionnaire, and in HSfE2007, 561 adults aged 60–64 years were asked about their knowledge of the physical activity requirement and their attitudes to participation. Very few respondents knew the recommended physical activity target, but more than one-half thought they had enough physical activity in their daily life, and over three-quarters thought they were ‘very’ or ‘fairly’ physically active compared with age peers. The perceived barriers to physical activity included work commitments, lack of leisure time and poor health. It was found that obesity, not being in work and having a limiting long-term illness associated with a lower likelihood of physical activity. Participation in sports and exercise, walking, heavy housework and gardening were all lower in non-working than working adults. Older adults had unrealistic views of their activity levels, and of work and lack of time as barriers to physical activity. It is concluded that more attention needs to be paid to health promotion and education among the over-sixties, especially those not in paid work.
The uncritical critique of ‘liberal peace’
Authors: CHANDLER DAVID 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFor many commentators the lack of success in international statebuilding efforts has been explained through the critical discourse of ‘liberal peace’, where it is assumed that ‘liberal’ Western interests and assumptions have influenced policymaking leading to counterproductive results. At the core of the critique is the assumption that the liberal peace approach has sought to reproduce and impose Western models: the reconstruction of ‘Westphalian’ frameworks of state sovereignty; the liberal framework of individual rights and winner-takes-all elections; and neo-liberal free market economic programmes. This article challenges this view of Western policymaking and suggests that post-Cold War post-conflict intervention and statebuilding can be better understood as a critique of classical liberal assumptions about the autonomous subject – framed in terms of sovereignty, law, democracy and the market. The conflating of discursive forms with their former liberal content creates the danger that critiques of liberal peace can rewrite post-Cold War intervention in ways that exaggerate the liberal nature of the policy frameworks and act as apologia, excusing policy failure on the basis of the self-flattering view of Western policy elites: that non-Western subjects were not ready for ‘Western’ freedoms.