bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MeV Si Ions Bombardment Effects on the Thermoelectric Properties of Si/Si+Ge Multi-Layer Superlttice Nanolayered Films
Authors: Pugh Marcus , Budak S. , Smith Cydale , Chacha John , Ogbara Kudus , Heidary Kaveh , Johnson R. B. , Muntele Clauidu , ILA D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEffective thermoelectric materials have a low thermal conductivity and a high electrical conductivity. The performance of the thermoelectric materials and devices is shown by a dimensionless figure of merit, ZT = S2σT/K, where S is the Seebeck coefficient, σ is the electrical conductivity, T is the absolute temperature and K is the thermal conductivity. ZT can be increased by increasing S, increasing σ or decreasing K. MeV ion bombardment caused defects and disorder in the film and the grain boundaries of these nano-scale clusters increase phonon scattering and increase the chance of an inelastic interaction and phonon annihilation. We have prepared 100 alternating layers of Si/Si+Ge nanolayered superlattice films using the ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). The 5 MeV Si ions bombardments have been performed using the AAMU Pelletron ion beam accelerator to make quantum clusters in the nanolayered superlattice films to decrease the cross plane thermal conductivity, increase the cross plane Seebeck coefficient and cross plane electrical conductivity. We have characterized the thermoelectric thin films before and after Si ion bombardments as we measured the cross-plane Seebeck coefficient, the cross-plane electrical conductivity, and the cross-plane thermal conductivity for different fluences
Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Y-doped Ca3Co4O9Ceramics
Authors: Rodriguez Julio E. , Moreno Luis Carlos 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPolycrystalline ceramics with nominal composition of Ca3-xYxCo4O9+δ(0≤x≤0.10) were grown using the citrate-complex method. Thermoelectric properties were studied using Seebeck coefficient S(T) and electrical resistivity ρ(T) measurements. These transport properties were studied in the temperature range between 100 and 290K. For low doping levels in Y substituted samples (x≤0.06) the magnitude of S(T) and ρ(T) decreases with yttrium content. The temperature behavior of S(T) and ρ(T) was interpreted in terms of the small-polaron hopping mechanism. From S(T) and ρ(T) data it was possible to calculate the thermoelectric power factor PF, which reaches maximum values close to 23 μW/K2-cm. These values become these compounds promissory thermoelectric compounds for use in low temperature thermoelectric applications.
Defects in Irradiated ZnO Thin Films Studied by Photoluminescence and Photoconductivity
Authors: Schwarz Reinhard , Ayouchi Rachid , Brandão Marta , Marques Carlos , Alves Eduardo , Pinnisch Melanie , Hofmann Detlev , Meyer Bruno 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPulsed-laser-deposited ZnO thin films were exposed to a 1.5 MeV helium ion beam to study the changes in radiative and non-radiative recombination. We first measured photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 4.2 K excited with the 325 nm line of a HeCd laser. The as-deposited films showed a donor-bound exciton peak at 3.3567 eV attributed to Zn interstitials. After irradiation the donor-bound-exciton dominated PL spectra shifted to acceptor-bound behaviour with a signal at 3.3519 eV, tentatively attributed to Li or Na acceptors. In contrast to the approximately 30 % decrease of the PL signal near the band edge, we observed a strong concomitant enhancement of the green/orange PL band, located between 2.1 eV and 2.8 eV, by a factor of over 4. Candidates for those transitions are Li impurities and/or O vacancies. For comparison, the steady-state photocurrent decreased strongly in the irradiated region, which can also be attributed to increased non-radiative recombination through oxygen-related defects.
Impact of a-Si:H structural properties on the annealing behavior of a-Si:H/c-Si heterostructures used as precursors for high-efficiency solar cells
Authors: Schulze Tim Ferdinand , Beushausen Hannes Ner , Leendertz Caspar , Dobrich Anja , Hannappel Thomas , Korte Lars , Rech Bernd 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe analyze the dependence of the interface defect density Dit in amorphous/crystalline (a-Si:H/c-Si) heterostructures on the microscopic properties of the ultrathin (10nm) undoped a-Si:H films. It is shown that the hydrogen bonding configuration, probed by infrared spectroscopy, determines the a-Si:H network disorder, which in turn governs the annealing behavior of these structures upon a short thermal treatment at moderate temperatures (T ≤ 200°C). While the as-deposited Dit seems to be determined by the local structure at the interface, the final state of the annealed samples is determined by the bulk a-Si:H network strain as reflected in the valence band tail slope. Thus it appears valid to treat the equilibrated a-Si:H/c-Si interface as a 2D-layer that has the projected defect properties of the 3D a-Si:H bulk.
Reactions of H with C in Multicrystalline Si Solar-cell Materials
Authors: Peng Chao , Stravola Michael , Zhang Haoxiang , Yelundur Vijay , Rohatgi Ajeet , Carnel Lode , Seacrist Mike , Kalejs Juris 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHydrogen is commonly introduced into silicon solar cells to reduce the deleterious effects of defects and to increase cell efficiency. When hydrogen is introduced into multicrystalline Si that is often used for the fabrication of solar cells, the H atoms become trapped by carbon impurities to produce defect structures known at H2*(C). These defects act as both a source and a sink for hydrogen in H-related defect reactions. IR spectroscopy has been used to determine what H- and C-related defects are formed in multicrystalline Si when the carbon concentration is varied. A process that is used by industry to introduce hydrogen into Si solar cells is the post-deposition annealing of a hydrogen-rich SiNx layer. The H2*(C) defects provide a strategy for estimating the concentration and penetration depth of the hydrogen that is introduced by this method.
Trap State Photoluminescence of Nanocrystalline and Bulk TiO2,: Implications for Carrier Transport
Authors: McHale Jeanne Louise , Rich Christopher C. , Knorr Fritz J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe visible photoluminescence of nanocrystalline TiO2 is examined in the presence of surface binding agents and as a function of vacuum annealing in order to probe the molecular nature of surface defects. The photoluminesence (PL) of bulk crystals of anatase TiO2 from (101) and (001) planes is also reported in order to test the hypothesis that electron and hole traps are spatially isolated on different crystal planes. We find that a number of hole scavengers are capable of quenching the PL associated with trapped electrons, while the ability of oxygen to quench PL through electron scavenging varies with the nature of the sample. We conclude that hole scavengers exert their influence on the PL through reaction with valence band holes rather than with spatially isolated trapped holes. Scavenging of electrons by O2, on the other hand, depends on adsorption at oxygen vacancies and varies with TiO2 sample.
Preparation of Amazingly Hard polyHIPE material from a Direct Emulsion
Authors: Youssef Carlos , Backov Rénal , Treguer Mona , Birot Marc , Deleuze Hervé 
Published: August 2010

AbstractInterconnected microcellular polymeric monoliths having unexpected high mechanical strength have been prepared using the High Internal Phase Emulsion methodology. Direct concentrated emulsions of aqueous 5-amino-1-vinyl-[1,2,3,4]tetrazole mixed with low molar (5 %) fractions of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linking agent were prepared using dodecane as dispersed phase and a mixture of hydrophilic surfactants. “Reverse” polyHIPE materials were obtained after radical copolymerization, solvent extraction and drying. Their morphology, chemical composition and physico-chemical behaviour are discussed.
Enzyme Triggered Gelation of Arginine Containing Ionic-Peptides
Authors: Guilbaud Jean-Baptiste A M , Miller Aline , Saiani Alberto 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have investigated the possibility of using the protease enzyme thermolysin to catalyse the synthesis and gelation of ionic-complementary peptides from non-gelling peptide precursors. In the described system, thermolysin was added at a fixed concentration (0.3 mg mL−1) to solutions (25 - 100 mg mL−1) of a short tetra-peptide FEFR. Initially, the protease partially hydrolysed the tetrapeptide into di-peptides in all samples. Subsequently, longer peptide sequences were found to form through reverse-hydrolysis and their stability was found to be dependent on their self-assembling properties. The sequences that self-assembled into anti-parallel β-sheet rich fibres became the stable products for the reverse hydrolysis reaction, while the others formed were unstable and disappeared with increasing incubation time. Ultimately, the main product of the system was octa-peptide, which suggests that it represents the thermodynamically favoured product of this dynamic library.
A moth-eye bio-inspired approach to planar isotropic diffraction
Authors: Stavroulakis Petros Ioannis , Boden Stuart , Bagnall Darren 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA regular hexagonally packed biomimetic moth-eye antireflective surface acts as a diffraction grating at short wavelengths of the visible spectrum and shallow angles of incidence. These gratings display strong backscattered iridescence with 6-fold optical symmetry. The optical symmetry of real moth eyes is effectively infinite as nature utilizes large number of uniquely orientated domains. In this work we report on a biomimetic moth-eye surface created via nanosphere lithography with a very large distribution of close-packed tessellated domains and the resulting optical symmetry is compared to that of another widely known highly isotropic diffraction grating, also inspired by nature, the sunflower pattern. A white-light laser reflectometry system is used to measure and compare the diffraction pattern isotropy from both structures. The tessellated close-packed structure diffraction pattern approaches that of infinite optical symmetry even though the underlying pattern only possesses a six-fold symmetry. Hence, the angular isotropy observed for the sunflower pattern is replicated to a large extent via a self-assembly procedure, whilst circumventing the complicated design and manufacturing requirements of the sunflower pattern.
Effect of environment on mechanical properties of micron sized beams of bone fabricated using FIB
Authors: Barber Asa H , Jimenez-Palomar Ines 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBone is a complex material with structural features varying over many different length scales. Lamellae in bone are discrete units of collagen fibril arrays that are the dominant structural feature at length scales of a few microns. The mechanical properties of bone are importantly dependent on the synergy between the lamellae and structural features at other length scales. However, the mechanical properties at this micron level will be indicative of the bone material itself and ignores the structural and geometric organizations prevalent at larger length scales. The isolation of volumes of bone at the lamellar level requires precision cutting methodology and this paper exploits Focused Ion Beam (FIB) methods to mill small cantilever beams from bulk bone material. Importantly, FIB milling can only be performed in a relatively high vacuum environment. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) mechanical tests are therefore performed in two environments, high vacuum and air in order to assess the effects of vacuum on bone beam mechanical behaviour. Our results indicate that little difference in the bone beam elastic modulus is found from bending experiments at deflections up to 100nm in different environments.
68.4: Optical Properties of Visible‐Light Excited Phosphor Sheet (VEPS) System
Authors: Xiao Bo‐Wen , Hung Chien‐Hsiang , Huang Hsin‐Tao , Huang Yi‐Pai , Tien Chung‐Hao , Tsai Chuang‐Chuang , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Chen Jerry , Lin Jeremy , Chang Win‐Chi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe optical properties in Visible‐light Excited Phosphor Sheet (VEPS) system were discussed and calculated. Different to the conventional LED backlight with white LEDs, VEPS system applies blue LED chips to excite the extrinsic flat YAG‐phosphor layer to perform uniform and flat lighting, that can further reduce the backlight thickness. A theoretical model was developed to optimize the structure of VEPS system. Consequently, the optimized result was demonstrated on the small‐Sized VEPS module.
69.1: Invited Paper: Materials and Component Solutions for Evolving Display Form Factors and Functionality
Authors: Bocko Peter L. , Clappin James C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSeveral concurrent trends (large TV, small‐format viewing and novel functionality) are creating challenges for display components. In this paper, we review how component developments are progressing relative to these trends, including large substrates (Gen 10 and beyond), substrates with high thermal capability, and high‐strength cover glass.
P‐12: Stability of Nano‐Crystalline ZnO and Amorphous IGZO TFTs under Bias Stress
Authors: Yang ShinHyuk , Shin Jae‐heon , Park Sang‐Hee Ko , Cheong Woo‐Seok , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Yoon Sung‐Min , Cho Doo‐Hee , Ryu Min‐Ki , Chu Hye Yong , Cho Kyoung Ik , Jang Jin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have studied the stabilities of PEALD grown ZnO and sputtered IGZO TFTs under various gate biases and room‐temperature recovery properties. The threshold voltage shift highly depends on the applied gate bias stress mainly due to charge trapping. Drain bias effect in oxide TFTs showed different behavior which is related to the crystalline phase.
P‐27: Light Printer for Optical Rewritable Electronic Paper
Authors: Yu Qiang , Murauski Anatoli , Du Tao , Yao Lishuang , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractComposed of a transmissive super‐twisted‐nematic(STN) liquid crystal display (LCD) and an external driving circuit system, the light printer for optical rewritable (ORW) electronic paper (e‐paper) can easily hold or change the display image, which is used as the mask pattern of ORW electronic paper.
P‐38: 1Gbps/lane Low Overhead Clock‐Shared Differential Signaling (CSDS) — An Efficient Interface for Large‐Size TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Kim Nyuntae , Koo Kyoung‐Hoi , Kang Sung‐ho , Park Jaejin , Jung Jiwoon , Jung Won‐Gap , Park Donguk , Kim Jin‐Ho , Kim Taejin , Choi Youngmin , Lee Jae‐Youl , Choi Yoon‐kyung , Kim Jong‐seon , Park Byeong‐Ha , Lee Myunghee 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA clock‐shared differential signaling (CSDS) scheme is newly proposed to support high resolution and large‐Size TFT‐LCDs with less than 3% overheads compared with transmitted data. CSDS adopts single‐level, multi‐dropped differential clocks which is shared among source driver ICs (CDs) and point‐to‐point connection for data lines. The protocol supporting CSDS makes the overhead of data transmission to be less than a few percent, which makes CSDS superior to other interfaces in terms of signal integrity, EMI, simple transmitter, and etc. It also supports flexible CD controls via just changing register values which are delivered by its protocol. And it is proved that CSDS supports 1.1Gbps per lane, which can cover next generation panels such as UD class.
P‐55: Colorimetric Image Splitting for High‐Dynamic‐Range Displays
Authors: Luka Stefan , Ferwerda James A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn dual layer high dynamic range displays, images are formed through the optical modulation of a front panel image by a backlight image. We present a colorimetric method for calculating the backlight image that maximizes gamut utilization while minimizing quantization errors, producing displayed images with deeper, more saturated colors.
P‐160: Ultra Simple White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using only Three Organic Materials
Authors: Seo Ji Hoon , Kim Jun Ho , Koo Ja Ryong , Seo Ji Hyun , Park Jung Sun , Kim Young Kwan , Hyung Gun Woo , Hwang Jang Hwan , Lee Kum Hee , Kim Jung Yeon , Yoon Seung Soo , Kim You Hyun , Kim Woo Young 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe authors have demonstrated ultra simple white organic light‐emitting diodes using only three organic materials, 2‐methyl‐9,10‐ di(2‐naphthyl)anthracene (MADN), new blue fluorescent emitter (NBFE), and new red fluorescent emitter (NRFE). The fluorescent white organic light‐emitting diode fabricated in this study showed the high external quantum efficiency of 6.48%, the luminous efficiency of 13.10 cd/A, and CIEx,y coordinates of (0.33, 0.42) at 100 cd/m2, respectively.
P‐163: Achieving High Directionality and Extraction of Light Emission from Polymer Light Emitting Diodes Via ITO/Organic Photonic Crystals
Authors: Liao Lun‐De , Chao Paul C.‐P. , Chen In‐Chen , Meng Hsin‐Fei , Chai Che‐Hong , Lin Chin‐Teng , Huang Yuan‐Pin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study is to achieve high directionality and extraction of light emission from polymer light‐emitting diodes via optimizing photonic crystals (PCs). Genetic Algorithm is employed to search the optimal PC period, depth and filling factor. The large‐area PCs are fabricated by Focus Ion Beams for PLED, which is commercially viable, even applicable to active matrix PLED displays.
14.4: Novel Human‐Machine Interface (HMI) Design Enabled by Holographic Laser Projection
Authors: Buckley Edward , Stindt Dominik , Isele Robert 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDespite the current proliferation of in‐car flat panel displays, designers continue to investigate alternatives to flat and rectangular thin‐film transistor (TFT) panels — principally to obtain differentiation by freedom of design using, for example, free‐form shapes, round displays, flexible displays or mechanical 3D solutions. A perfect demonstration was provided at the 2008 Paris Motor Show by the BMW Mini Center Globe, a novel instrument cluster design which combines lighting, a circular flat panel and a holographic laser projector provided by Light Blue Optics (LBO) to redefine the state of the art in human‐machine interface (HMI). In this paper, the authors will show how the incorporation of LBO's holographic laser projection technology can allow the construction of a unique display technology like the Mini Center Globe, and how such a combination of technologies represents a significant advance in the current state of the art in automotive displays.
P‐170: Micro‐Mirror Array Fabricated by the CMOS Process for Applications of MEMS Display
Authors: Kao Pin‐Hsu , Dai Ching‐Liang , Hsu Cheng‐Chih , Mo Chi‐Neng , Lee Chien‐Pang , Huang Ming‐Wei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article describes a micro‐mirror array fabricated using the commercial 0.35μm CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process and a simple maskless post‐process. The material of the micro‐mirror is aluminum and the sacrificial layer is silicon dioxide. The fabrication of the micro‐mirror array is compatible with the CMOS process, so the mirror array has a potential to integrate with circuitry on a chip. The post‐process utilize the BOE (buffered oxide etching) to remove the sacrificial layer and to suspend the micro mirror. The micro‐mirror contains a circular membrane and has four fixed beam. There are four fan‐ shaped electrodes below the micro mirror which is utilized to drive the micro mirror tilted. Each micro mirror has four rotatable directions and each direction is independent. Experimental results show the mirror has a tilting angle of about 0.93 ° at a driving voltage of 30 V.
15.2: Development of Driver‐Integrated Panel Using Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide TFT
Authors: Osada Takeshi , Akimoto Kengo , Sato Takehisa , Ikeda Masataka , Tsubuku Masashi , Sakata Junichiro , Koyama Jun , Serikawa Tadashi , Yamazaki Shunpei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe designed, prototyped, and evaluated LCD integrated with a gate driver and a source driver using amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide TFTs having bottom‐gate bottom‐contact structure, thereby obtaining TFTs with superior characteristics. Then, we prototyped the world's first 4‐inch QVGA LCD and integrated the gate driver and source driver on the display panel.
15.3: AMOLED Driven by Solution‐Processed Oxide Semiconductor TFT
Authors: Ryu Myung Kwan , Park KyungBae , Seon Jong‐Baek , Park JeongII , Kee InSeo , Lee YoungGu , Lee Sang Yoon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report an AMOLED fabricated with a solution‐processed indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane. The TFT has a bottom gate structure with SiNx gate insulator, spin‐coated IZO active layer, Mo source/drain electrode, and SiO2 passivation layer. The TFT exhibited the field effect mobility of 0.9 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage of 13.6 V, and high on/off current ratio of 1.8e7.
25.4L: Late‐News Paper: A Novel Polarizer Glasses‐Type 3D Displays with an Active Retarder
Authors: Jung Sung‐Min , Park Ju‐Un , Lee Seung‐Chul , Kim Wook‐Sung , Yang Myoung‐Su , Kang In‐Byeong , Chung In‐Jae 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we suggested a novel method achieving high resolution and high brightness in the glasses‐type 3D displays and fabricated a prototype of 15″ size in diagonal, which is composed of an active retarder synchronized with an image panel. The active retarder is configured to a TN mode to have a function of polarization switching for the input polarization states. We expect that the AR3D technology can give high resolution and high brightness for the 3D users with a convenience of simple polarizer glasses and an inexpensive cost compared with the shutter glasses type 3D display, where not only the image panel and but also the glasses should have an LCD panel.
31.4: Direct View and Projection Switchable Mobile Display
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Hsuan , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Lai Yu‐Cheng , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Chen Chih‐Wen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe function of mobile phone becomes more versatile as a personal assistant. In order to make display device optimized for different function of the mobile phone, this paper proposes a display device which can be switched among 2D direct view, 3D direct view and projection modes while using single liquid crystal(LC) panel as image source. The device features a highly collimated backlight unit and polymer dispersed liquid crystal(PDLC) diffuser at the back of the LC panel, and a switchable lenticular array as well as a stretchable projection lens in front. The ray tracing simulation has shown well controlled light path of the backlight module and sufficient image quality of the projection lens while maintaining the compactness of the device for mobile application.
35.3: High‐Performance Tandem White OLEDs Using a Li‐Free “P‐N” Connector
Authors: Hatwar Tukaram K. , Spindler Jeffrey P. , Begley William J. , Giesen David J. , Kondakov Denis Y. , Van Slyke Steven , Murano Sven , Kucur Erol , He Gufeng , Blochwitz‐Nimoth Jan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA nonmetallic connector has been developed for high‐efficiency tandem white architecture. Forming the “N” type layer using NDN‐26 doped into NET‐18 and inserting an organometallic thin layer between the “N” and “P” layers results in a high‐performance connector. An efficiency of 33 cd/A has been achieved at 6.7 V, 1000 cd/m2 and 10000K color temperature in a fluorescent based tandem emitter. This >15% EQE device also demonstrates a half‐life of ∼80,000 h at 1000 cd/m2.
39.1: Invited Paper: Optically Isotropic Nano‐Structured Liquid Crystal Composites for Display Applications
Authors: Kikuchi Hirotsugu , Haseba Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Shin‐ichi , Iwata Takashi , Higuchi Hiroki 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we present the phase behavior and electro‐optical Kerr effect of the optically isotropic liquid crystal composites, which require no surface treatment for device fabrication. Anomalously large Kerr constant, more than 10−8 mV−2 and fast response, less than sub‐milli‐second were observed at a room temperature.