bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A self critique of a decade of injury research by the Injury Control Center Uganda (ICCU)
Authors: Wandera B , Nakiito M , Lett R 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe ICCU has been doing injury research, advocacy and training for the last 12 years. Here we provide a review of their findings to provide coherent information and identify priorities areas to tackle.MethodsAll original research published between 1999 and 2009 were obtained from the centres records and reviewed.ResultsOf the 32 research publications, 15 were original research. The majority were cross sectional (13), while two were longitudinal studies. The burden of injuries in Uganda is 11–15% of the population annually. Road traffic injuries (RTI) contribute 35–50% of all injuries and are the leading cause of injury death among adults although drowning is the leading cause among communities near water bodies, while falls, burns and RTI are the leading causes of injury deaths among children. The Kampala trauma score, with a better utility, was developed and tested for use as a triage tool a grading injury severity. Only $0.09 per capita of government expenditure is put on road safety and emergency and ambulance capacity is very poor. Despite few personnel, trauma team training of emergency medical personnel was done to improve efficiency. Community acceptance of some interventions, like a pedestrian overpass to reduce RTI was low.ConclusionA lot has been studied about injury in Uganda, however, risk analysis and innovative, injury prevention interventions/management and disability prevention research is needed. A Multi-sectoral approach, increased funding including community participation is needed especially in Road traffic and drowning injury prevention.
Level of undertriage in a well established Trauma Registry in Denmark
Authors: Haug A K , Wilson T , Larsen M S , Lauritsen J M 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundTriage is the correct admission of injured patients to a suitable treatment level. Previously no studies were done for the trauma registry at Odense University Hospital (OUH) in Denmark established in 1996. Aim was to assess level and character of undertriage.MethodRetrospective analysis of data collected from OUHs list of patients admitted with ICD S- and T-diagnoses in 2007. Inclusion criteria is ISS>15, treated in intensive care >2 days, dead within 30 days, or proximal penetrating injury. Over-triage was identified on the basis of the trauma registry for patients received by the trauma team, where the severely injured patient was defined as ISS>15 or proximal penetrating injury. In total 747 trauma patients were received in 2007, 21% with ISS>15.ResultsUndertriage including death within 30 days was 22%, without these, 11%. Women had a higher risk of undertriage than men, and undertriaged patients were significantly older than correctly triaged patients. We discovered a high frequency of falls from low heights in undertriaged patients. 628 patients were admitted by the trauma team, with an over-triage of 82%.ConclusionWe found an undertriage proportion comparable to similar studies. Elderly patients and women had a higher risk of being undertriaged, which also has been shown in other studies. We believe further research should be concentrated on the reasons for the high under and over-triage, by investigating current systems and routines, and to research whether the elderly and comorbid would reap benefit from medical participation in early treatment.
Childhood unintentional injuries surveillance in Ismailia governorate, Egypt
Authors: El-Sayed H , Hyder A , Zekry O , Sugerman D , Abdel-Hamid S , Abbas H , Puvanachandra P 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo determine the epidemiology and risk factors of childhood injuries in Ismailia governorate Egypt.MethodsThis is the Egyptian chapter of the Global Childhood Unintentional Injury Surveillance study, which employed quota sampling of children 0–11 years old presenting to the Emergency Department. This surveillance was conducted in the University Hospital of Suez Canal University Egypt, for selected months in 2007. Children with an unintentional injury of both genders were enrolled in the study.ResultsOut of a total of 551 cases, 361 were males (66%) and 478 (34%) females. The most common external causes of injuries were falls (60%), road traffic injuries (15%), burns (7%), poisoning (3%) and near drowning/drowning (2%). The most common sustained injuries were fractures (17%), cuts or open wounds (15%), sprains (14%) and burns (9%). The majority of patients were treated and discharged home without disability (67%), while 7.8% had long-term temporary disability that lasted for more than 6 weeks and more than 1% sustained permanent disability. There were five deaths (1% proportionate mortality), all were due to falls. Few families recounted using seatbelts (2%), car air bags (0.5%), helmets (1%), child restraint seats (1%). The majority of children received care via government insurance.ConclusionsThe burden of childhood injuries on the university hospital in Egypt is substantial. Ongoing child injury surveillance using systematic approaches is required to identify the epidemiology of injuries, their risk factors and plan for timely interventions.
Perception of community and school safety by senior in-school youths of a secondary school in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Adebiyi A O , Akinyemi O , Sangowawa A O 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionIn an unsafe environment, youths are denied the opportunity to develop psychosocially, and intellectually. This study sought to find out the perception of senior in-school youths about community and school safety.MethodologyCross sectional study of senior in-school youths was carried out using a total sample of consenting students. A self administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics, perception of and characteristics of safe communities and schools.ResultsThe mean age of respondents was 16.41.6 years and 54.7% were females. Majority (62.4%) live in densely populated area. Only 182 (50.0%) perceived their school to be safe, 154 (42.3%) perceived it to be unsafe and 28 (7.7%) couldn't make up their minds. However, 265 (72.8%) reported their communities as safe, 66 (18.1%) as unsafe and 33 (9.1%) had no opinion. The most important perceived feature of a safe community mentioned was security 209 (57.4%) and 22.5% of youths have ever been molested. Within 6 months preceding study, 50 (13.7%) had felt unsafe and those reporting incidents like rape, street robbery, drug use and youth gangs as occurrences in their communities were 111 (30.5%), 127 (34.9%), 167 (45.9%), 151 (41.5%) respectively. Street lights, Zebra crossings and side-walks were absent in 81%, 83.8% and 56.9% of the communities respectively.ConclusionMore youths perceived their schools to be unsafe. The prevalence of drug use and youth gangs was quite high in neighbourhoods. Further researches on school safety are desirable while governments and communities should begin to collaborate on safety issues.
Qualitative assessments of injury prevention strategies among newcomers to Canada
Authors: Hossain N M , Macpherson A 
Published: March 2011

Background InformationLittle is known about immigrant children's lifestyles and the uptake of strategies to prevent unintentional injuries. Being an immigrant to Canada can be a risk factor for a child's health because of the cultural differences in the uptake of healthy activities between their country of origin and North America.ObjectivesTo determine the barriers and enablers related to injury prevention strategies such as car seats, bicycle helmet use and participation in formal or informal physical activities.Study ParticipantsTwenty parents from two language groups; Bengali and Spanish, who arrived in Canada within the past 2 years, participated in this study. Participants were recruited with the help of immigrant and settlement organisations.Data AnalysisThe focus groups were each 2 h and were transcribed and translated into English. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis, which explores emerging themes from interview or focus group data.ResultParents expressed a need for more immigrant friendly injury prevention information. Such information has to be linguistically correct and culturally appropriate for the specific immigrant group. Inadequate information regarding injury prevention and a sense of feeling blamed when their child got hurt were important themes for both groups.ConclusionImmigrant parents want to follow Canadian guidelines for injury prevention, but often do not understand the Canadian cultural context. Healthcare professionals should provide important information programs designed specifically for this growing immigrant population.
Electronic-media harassment among secondary school adolescents in Ibadan municipality Nigeria: myth or reality?
Authors: Sangowawa A O , Adebiyi A O 
Published: March 2011

This pilot was conducted to determine the incidence and forms of electronic-media harassment among secondary school students. Students who owned a mobile phone and had access to the Internet were selected via multi-stage sampling. History of harassment in the 3-month period preceding the study was obtained.ResultsA total of 129 students- 65(52.4%) boys and 59(47.6%) girls with mean age of 13.9(±1.9) years participated. Eighty-four(66.1%) were from private and 43(33.9%) government-owned schools; 65(51.2%) were in junior and 62(48.8%) in senior classes; 88.2% lived with both parents. All respondents had personal phones and 66(52.0%) had access to the Internet. Forty-three (33.9%) had suffered electronic harassment while 19(15.0%) had harassed others. Twenty-four (18.9%) were victims only, all 19(15%) perpetrators were also victims. The commonest modes of harassment were text messages 31(24.4%) and phone calls 25(19.5%). Of the 66 with Internet access, four each had experienced harassment through email and in chat rooms and two via websites. Twenty-one (16.5%) had harassed others via text messages, 21(16.5%) through phone calls and 6(4.7%) through picture or video clips. Perpetrators were mainly boys. The incident was often reported to friends, parents/guardians, other adults in school, class teachers. Factors predictive of being a victim were public schooling(OR 4.9, 95%CI 2.0 to 11.9), and being in a senior class(OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 8.6).ConclusionThis pilot revealed that electronic media harassment was occurring among the students. This phenomenon thus needs to be further investigated and efforts put in place to curb it.
Incidence of hip fracture in Parkinson disease: a population-based study in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Voaklander D C , Martin W , King-Jesso P , Ozegovic D , Jones A , Wieler M 
Published: March 2011

AimsParkinson's disease (PD) constitutes a significant risk for falls and subsequent hip fracture, yet the rate of hip fracture in this patient population has not been clearly delineated. We looked at the incidence rate of hip fracture in a provincial-based population 65 years or older who had PD.MethodsTo identify PD cases record linkage of inpatient hospitalisation, physician billing and prescription records were examined for PD specific diagnostic codes for British Columbia, Canada. Hip fracture cases were identified using the International Classification of Diseases Version 9 codes. Data for the fiscal years 1991/92 to 2000/2001 were stratified by year, age group, sex. Incidence rates of hip fractures in PD were calculated using prevalent PD cases in year as the denominator.ResultsFor females rates of hip fracture were the highest in first years of the study peaking at 31.0/1000 PD case in 1991/92 and dropping to 20.8/1000 in 1999/00. Female's rates were consistently about 1.7 times that of male rates. The male rate of hip fracture peaked in 1993/94 at 19.8/1000 PD cases dropping to 12.6/1000 in 1999/00. Rates increased with age in both sexes.ConclusionsThe PD population appears to be at greater risk (3 to 4 times) of hip fracture when compared to rates reported for the general Canadian population. The differential in rates appears to be most apparent in younger PD (<75 years) cases.
Epidemiology of injuries requiring surgery among US high school athletes
Authors: Rechel J A , Collins C L , Comstock D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe proportion of high school sports-related injuries requiring surgery has significantly increased during the last decade. These injuries pose significant monetary and time loss burdens to young athletes.ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiology of US high school athletic injuries requiring surgery and to compare the rates and patterns of these injuries by sport, type of exposure and gender.MethodsSports-related exposure and injury data were collected during the 2005–2009 academic years from a nationally representative sample of 100 US high schools via RIO. Results: In the nine sports studied, 1106 injuries requiring surgery occurred during 7 740 400 athlete exposures (AE) for a rate of 1.43 injuries per 10 000 AE. Injuries requiring surgery accounted for 6.2% of all high school sports-related injuries. The rate of injuries requiring surgery was higher in competition (3.15) than practice (0.79) (RR 3.99; 95% CI 3.54 to 4.50; p<.001). The most common body sites of injuries requiring surgery were the knee (46.0%), head/face/mouth (10.5%), and shoulder (9.2%). Girls sustained a greater proportion of knee injuries (68.7%) than boys (36.6%) (IPR 1.88; 95% CI 1.86 to 1.89; p<.001). The most common diagnoses for injuries requiring surgery were complete ligament strain (30.6%), fracture (26.8%) and torn cartilage (10.7%). 50.5% of injuries requiring surgery resulted in medical disqualification for the season.ConclusionsRates of patterns of injuries requiring surgery differ by sport, type of exposure and gender. Future studies should identify sport-specific risk factors to help develop and assess effective interventions to decrease the incidence and severity of high school sports-related injuries.
Identifying modifiable environmental risk factors for falls in older people
Authors: Faulkner S , Burns D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundWith the number of people over the age of 60 growing more than any other population group the issue of falls among the elderly is a growing safety concern. WHO figures show that approximately 28–35% of those aged ≤65 fall each year with significant socioeconomic and health impacts. The issue of outdoor falls in the elderly is under-researched in comparison to falls in the home.MethodsA systematic review of modifiable outdoor environmental risk factors highlighting the importance of footwear as an interface between the individual and the outdoor environment for the prevention of falls.FindingsDespite the limited amount of time that older people spend outdoors walking is the activity during which the highest proportion of older people falls, citing an uneven surface or tripping as the cause of the fall. Nearly 70% of active elderly adults report walking as their predominant choice of physical activity. This group have been identified as being at greatest risk of an outdoor fall. When four or more risk factors are identified the potential for a fall significantly increases. It has been suggested that simple effective measures such as appropriate footwear, maintenance of outdoor walking surfaces, improved lighting, additional seating and clearing footpaths frequently of debris and snow may reduce the number of outdoor falls.ConclusionIdentification and reduction of environmental risk factors is thought to reduce the potential for falls. However, this literature review shows that the evidence is inconclusive and highlights the need for further research in this area.
Alcohol use and violent injury in Uganda
Authors: Wandera B , Nakiito M , Lett R 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAlcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of injury. Uganda has the highest alcohol consumption per capita. There is paucity of information about alcohol consumption and injury in Uganda. Moreover this information is relevant in designing appropriate injury prevention interventions.ObjectiveTo compare injuries by pre-injury alcohol consumption history.MethodsData were collected between January and December 2009 at emergency departments of five regional referral hospitals from patients presenting with injuries. Analysis for alcohol use restricted to subjects aged above 15 years.ResultsOf 3572 injury patients, 2456 patients were above 15 years of whom 307(12.5%) reported alcohol use before the injury. Persons reporting alcohol use were more likely to be male, 15% versus 6%, p< 0.0001, to have intentional injuries 14.4 versus 6.1%, p<0.0001, seen in city hospital 12.7% versus 8%, more likely to be brought by police to hospital 18.6% versus 8.3%, with concussion/coma, 19.5% versus 10.8% and more likely to be admitted, 15.5% versus 10.5% p= 0.0002 but less likely to be involved in a road traffic injury (10.5% vs 14.5% p= 0.002). 80% of the intentional injuries were due to interpersonal violence. There were no differences by age nor number of serious injuries sustained.ConclusionsAlcohol use was associated with intentional injuries and is a contributing factor in severe intentional injuries among males in urban areas. Counselling, education and regulation of alcohol consumption needs strengthening.
Epidemiology of dislocations/separations among US high school athletes
Authors: Kerr Z Y , Collins C L , Comstock D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAs participation in US high school sports increases, the number of student-athletes sustaining dislocations/separations may similarly increase. Many dislocations/separations are recurring, require surgery and have long recovery times.ObjectiveInvestigate the epidemiology of dislocations/separations in a nationally representative sample of US high school athletes.MethodsSports-related exposure and injury data were collected during the 2005–2009 academic years from a nationally representative sample of 100 US high schools via RIO.ResultsIn the nine sports studied, athletes sustained 755 dislocations/separations during 7 740 400 athlete exposures (AE) for a rate of 0.98 injuries per 10 000 AE. Dislocations/separations represented 3.6% of all high school athletic injuries. Overall, males had a higher dislocation/separation rate (1.30) (RR 3.91, 95% CI 3.12 to 4.89, p<.001) than females (0.33). However, among sports in which both males and females participated (ie, soccer, basketball, baseball/softball), rates of dislocations/separations for males (0.39) and females (0.34) did not differ (p=.406). Body parts most commonly injured were the shoulder (54.9%), wrist/hand (16.5%) and knee (16.0%). 18.4% of dislocations/separations were recurrent; 11.8% required surgery; and 62.2% of athletes returned to play in 3 weeks or less. The majority of dislocations/separations were sustained from contact with another player (52.4%).ConclusionsDeveloping effective sport-related preventive measures depends upon increasing our knowledge of dislocation/separation rates, patterns and risk factors.
Injury rates in Canadian Ontario first nation communities
Authors: Macpherson A , Jones-Keeshig D , Pike I 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundInjuries are the leading cause of death among First Nations in Canada from 1 to 44 years, Health Canada 2001. The Ontario First Nation population was 175 178 within 133 First Nation communities in 2008. Ontario First Nations identified Motor Vehicle Collisions, Violence including Suicide and Falls, as injury issues and recommended priorities in education, training and research. An Injury Prevention Initiative was established to address issues, implement priorities and develop an Ontario First Nation Injury Prevention Strategy and Action Plan. It is coordinated by the Chiefs in Ontario. Several projects were initiated to establish baseline information upon which to develop the Strategy and Action Plan. While data on Emergency Department visits and hospitalisations are available for all Ontarians, the data does not identify First Nation people, however, residential codes provided an opportunity to determine the rate of injuries for First Nation communities.ObjectiveTo calculate the frequency of ED visits for injury in Ontario First Nations communities, stratified by sex and intent.MethodsPopulation-based data including all ED visits in Ontario were used based on Indian Reservation residential codes assigned by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.ResultsThe results showed that although injury rates were similar to the Ontario population, the incidence of intentional injury was 2.7 times higher among First Nations, and self-inflicted injuries were 4.6 times higher.ConclusionThe findings validate that injuries are a serious issue in Ontario First Nations and the strategy and action plan needs to address violence and self-inflicted injuries.
Clinical legal medicine – community health outreach, results of a follow-up pan-European survey
Authors: Gage-Lindner N , Heinemann A , Seifert D , Siemer J , Pschel K 
Published: March 2011

In a follow-up 2007/2008 to the first pan-European survey of legal medicine contributions to community health responses to gender violence, child and elderly abuse in 2003/2004, we investigated strategies legal medicine and forensic nursing are pursuing to provide violence victims low-threshold access to evaluation and documentation of injuries.MethodologyA standardised written questionnaire submitted to n=227 medicolegal experts in 33 European countries. Country comparisons of several dimensions were conducted.ResultsIn the 94 responses (41.4% response rate), 92% reported services in clinical legal medicine, 43% initiated in 1990 or later. 19% examine more than 1000 patients, 16% more than 100 children p.a. 94% investigate sexualised violence, 48% have paediatric-gynaecological expertise, 16% evaluate psychological abuse. Multi-professionality is increasing, teams include law, social work, clinical psyche and psychiatry, dentistry, gynaecology, paediatrics, forensic nursing. Forensic nursing is a growing expertise with 12% reported from the original 15 EU member states and Switzerland. Medicolegal competence centres in Germany provide highest rate of service outside office hours. Legal frameworks vary from inclusion in health/social welfare system to exclusive liaison with law enforcement and justice. Medicolegal evaluation is explicitly required or recommended in several countries.ConclusionsDiversity in legal and financial parameters contributes to vast structural differences. Medicolegal approaches strengthen community health responses to violence. Mixing roles - medicolegal expert and health provider -creates ethical challenges. Funding remains a challenge. International know-how transfer and networking remain a priority.