bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference intervals and relationships between health status, carapace length, body mass, and water temperature and concentrations of plasma total protein and protein electrophoretogram fractions in Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles and green turtles
Authors: Osborne Ann G. , Jacobson Elliott R. , Bresette Michael J. , Singewald Dave A. , Scarpino Russell A. , Bolten Alan B. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine reference intervals for concentrations of plasma total protein (TP) and electrophoretogram fractions (ELFs) for healthy, wild loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and to assess relationships between TP and ELF concentrations and health status, body size, body mass, and water temperature.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—437 healthy and 35 ill Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles and 152 healthy and 3 ill Atlantic green turtles.
Procedures—Free-ranging turtles were captured from a nuclear power plant intake canal in southern Florida. Plasma samples were obtained from all turtles. Plasma TP and ELF concentrations were measured, and reference intervals were calculated. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare TP and ELF values between healthy and ill loggerhead sea turtles. Spearman rank correlations were evaluated between concentrations of TP and ELFs and carapace length, body mass, and water temperature.
Results—Reference intervals for TP concentrations were 2.2 to 5.2 g/dL and 2.0 to 5.4 g/dL for loggerhead sea turtles and green turtles, respectively. Except for γ-globulin, concentrations of ELFs were significantly higher in healthy than in ill loggerhead sea turtles. There was a positive correlation between TP, α-globulin, β-globulin, and γ-globulin concentrations and water temperature in loggerhead sea turtles and between only TP and α-globulin concentrations and water temperature in green turtles.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Reference intervals for concentrations of TP and ELFs for healthy, free-ranging loggerhead sea turtles and green turtles can be used in combination with other diagnostic tools to assess health status of sea turtles.
Case Study of Conformity Assessment of Automated Production Line
Authors: Dświarek Marek 
Published: September 2010

Case Study of Conformity Assessment of Automated Production Line
According to machinery directive 2006/42/WE, "assemblies of machinery which, in order to achieve the same end, are arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole" are considered as a machine. It means that before putting an automated production line into service the conformity assessment should be conducted. Different directives, e.g. machinery directive, low voltage directive, pressure equipment directive, etc may apply to the machines and devices forming an automated production. It is a duty of the main manufacturer to appoint the responsibility to particular manufactures of machines and devices. Using the automated production line for production of glass wool, built by the SAINT-GOBAIN Construction Products Poland, as a study case the general rules for conformity assessment of such have been presented in the paper.
Managing Competence and Certifying Persons Responsible for Functional Safety
Authors: Kosmowski Kazimierz , Śliwiński Marcin 
Published: September 2010

Managing Competence and Certifying Persons Responsible for Functional SafetyThis article emphasizes that knowledge and competences of managers, engineers and specialists dealing with safety-related technologies for hazardous industry should be appropriately shaped in the technical education processes and training programmes fulfilling some quality requirements and assessment criteria. It concerns especially persons dealing with the functional safety solutions in the design and operation of the electric, electronic and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) systems. Such persons can now be certified in Poland according to a certification system developed by a Programme Committee consisting of experts from the industry and two Technical Universities (in Gdansk and Warsaw). This committee was created within the Office of Technical Inspection (UDT-CERT) in Warsaw. The UDT-CETRT is formally responsible for certifying persons dealing with functional safety solutions.
Diffusion-Weighted MRI for the Healthy Cervical Multifidus: A Potential Method for Studying Neck Muscle Physiology Following Spinal Trauma
Authors: Elliott James , Pedler Ashley , Beattie Paul , McMahon Katie 
Published: September 2010

Study Design Cross-sectional. Objective To develop a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measure for the diffusive properties of the healthy cervical multifidus and to determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of the measurement. Background Diffusion-weighted MRI, via calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), provides a representation of microscopic movements of water molecules in human tissues and may be useful to assess structural changes in neck muscle, as has been observed following whiplash. The optimal imaging parameters, however, have not been established. Methods A diffusion-weighted MRI measure was developed, and, for the basic examination, the right cervical multifidus muscle at the C5 level was studied. A total of 6 asymptomatic volunteer individuals (3 females and 3 males) underwent a single diffusion-weighted MRI scan. Interrater and intrarater agreement was evaluated using Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients. Results Mean ADCb0–b50 and ADCb50–250 were significantly different from one another (P = .03). The plots confirmed the agreement of raters for ADC of the right cervical multifidus at C5. Conclusions A quantitative and reliable diffusion-weighted MRI measure of cervical multifidus ADC has been described. There appears to be a fast and slow component ADC for the healthy multifidus, suggesting changes in extracellular and intracellular volume. Further comparative study is needed to quantify ADCs in the neck muscles in patients with traumatic whiplash. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(11):722–728. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3423
Diffusion tensor imaging tractography in patients with intramedullary tumors: comparison with intraoperative findings and value for prediction of tumor resectability
Authors: Setzer Matthias , Murtagh Ryan D. , Murtagh F. Reed , Eleraky Mohammed , Jain Surbhi , Marquardt Gerhard , Seifert Volker , Vrionis Frank D. 
Published: September 2010

Object
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the predictive value of diffusion tensor (DT) imaging with respect to resectability of intramedullary spinal cord tumors and to determine the concordance of this method with intraoperative surgical findings.

Methods
Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 14 patients with intramedullary lesions of the spinal cord at different levels using a 3-T magnet. Routine MR imaging scans were also obtained, including unenhanced and enhanced T1-weighted images and T2-weighted images. Patients were classified according to the fiber course with respect to the lesion and their lesions were rated as resectable or nonresectable. These results were compared with the surgical findings (existence vs absence of cleavage plane). The interrater reliability was calculated using the κ coefficient of Cohen.

Results
Of the 14 patients (7 male, 7 female; mean age 49.2 ± 15.5 years), 13 had tumors (8 ependymomas, 2 lymphomas, and 3 astrocytoma). One lesion was proven to be a multiple sclerosis plaque during further diagnostic workup. The lesions could be classified into 3 types according to the fiber course. In Type 1 (5 cases) fibers did not pass through the solid lesion. In Type 2 (3 cases) some fibers crossed the lesion, but most of the lesion volume did not contain fibers. In Type 3 (6 cases) the fibers were completely encased by tumor. Based on these results, 6 tumors were considered resectable, 7 were not. During surgery, 7 tumors showed a good cleavage plane, 6 did not. The interrater reliability (Cohen κ) was calculated as 0.83 (p < 0.003), which is considered to represent substantial agreement. The mean duration of follow-up was 12.0 ± 2.9. The median McCormick grade at the end of follow-up was II.

Conclusions
These preliminary data suggest that DT imaging in patients with spinal cord tumors is capable of predicting the resectability of the lesion. A further prospective study is needed to confirm these results and any effect on patient outcome.
Examining risk factors for posterior migration of fusion cages following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a possible limitation of unilateral pedicle screw fixation
Authors: Aoki Yasuchika , Yamagata Masatsune , Nakajima Fumitake , Ikeda Yoshikazu , Shimizu Koh , Yoshihara Masakazu , Iwasaki Junichi , Toyone Tomoaki , Nakagawa Koichi , Nakajima Arata , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: September 2010

Object
Because the authors encountered 4 cases of hardware migration following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, a retrospective study was conducted to identify factors influencing the posterior migration of fusion cages.

Methods
Patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease (125 individuals; 144 disc levels) were treated using transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and followed for 12–33 months. Medical records and pre- and postoperative radiographs were reviewed, and factors influencing the incidence of cage migration were analyzed.

Results
Postoperative cage migration was found in 4 patients at or before 3 months. Because all the cages that migrated postoperatively were bullet-shaped (Capstone), only these cages were analyzed. The analysis of preoperative radiographs revealed that higher posterior disc height ([PDH] ≥ 6 mm) significantly increased the incidence of postoperative cage migration, but percent slippage, translation, range of motion, and Cobb angle did not. The incidence of cage migration in patients with unilateral fixation (3 [8.3%] of 36) was not significantly different from that in patients with bilateral fixation (1 [2.1%] of 48). Patients who had scoliotic curvature with a Cobb angle > 10° when treated with unilateral fixation demonstrated a tendency to have more frequent postoperative cage migration than patients treated with bilateral fixation.
To examine the influence of the height of fusion cages, a value obtained by subtracting preoperative anterior disc height (ADH) or PDH from cage height was defined as “Cage height – ADH” (or “Cage height –PDH”). The analysis revealed that the value for “Cage height –ADH” as well as “Cage height –PDH” was significantly lower in migrated levels than in nonmigrated levels, suggesting that the choice of undersized cages may increase the incidence of cage migration.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the use of a bullet-shaped cage, higher PDH, the presence of scoliotic curvature, and undersized fusion cages are possible risk factors for cage migration. One patient with postoperative cage migration following bilateral screw fixation underwent revision surgery, and the pedicle screw fixation was found to be disrupted. Other than in this patient, cage migration occurred only in those treated by unilateral fixation. The potential for postoperative cage migration and limitations of unilateral fixation should be considered by spine surgeons.
Anatomy and landmarks for the superior and middle cluneal nerves: application to posterior iliac crest harvest and entrapment syndromes
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Levin Matthew R. , Loukas Marios , Potts Eric A. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: September 2010

ObjectTo date, only scant descriptions of the cluneal nerves are available. As these nerves, and especially the superior group, may be encountered and injured during posterior iliac crest harvest for spinal arthrodesis procedures, the present study was performed to better elucidate their anatomy and to provide anatomical landmarks for their localization.MethodsThe superior and middle cluneal nerves were dissected from their origin to termination in 20 cadaveric sides. The distance between the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) and superior cluneal nerves at the iliac crest and the distance between this bony prominence and the origin of the middle cluneals were measured. The specific course of each nerve was documented, and the diameter and length of all cluneal nerves were measured.ResultsSuperior and middle cluneal nerves were found on all sides. An intermediate superior cluneal nerve and lateral superior cluneal nerve were not identified on 4 and 5 sides, respectively. The superior cluneal nerves always passed through the psoas major and paraspinal muscles and traveled posterior to the quadratus lumborum. The mean diameters of the superior and middle cluneal nerves were 1.1 and 0.8 mm, respectively. From the PSIS, the superior cluneal branches passed at means of 5, 6.5, and 7.3 cm laterally on the iliac crest. At their origin, the middle cluneal nerves had mean distances of 2 cm superior to the PSIS, 0 cm from the PSIS, and 1.5 cm inferior to the PSIS. In their course, the middle cluneal nerves traversed the paraspinal muscles attaching onto the dorsal sacrum.ConclusionsKnowledge of the cutaneous nerves that cross the posterior aspect of the iliac crest may assist in avoiding their injury during bone harvest. Additionally, an understanding of the anatomical pathway that these nerves take may be useful in decompressive procedures for entrapment syndromes involving the cluneal nerves.
Heavy Metals in Frozen and Canned Marine Fish of Korea
Authors: Islam M. M. , Bang S. , Kim Kyoung-Woong , Ahmed M. K. , Jannat M. 
Published: September 2010

Heavy metal contaminants in fish are of particular interest because of the potential risk to humans who consume them. The edible muscles of eight different species of fishes were analyzed by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy) for heavy metals, collected from Market in Gwangju, Korea during April-May in 2008. The concentrations of Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn varied between 0.24±0.007 - 0.01±0.001, 44.54±5.69 - 1.23±0.20, 0.13±0.05 – ND (not detected), 1.32±0.47 - 0.09± 0.02, 3.13±2.53 - 0.63±0.06, 107.17±28.02 - 11.27±1.56, 12.38±1.23 - 0.25±0.02, 1.025±1.41 - 0.12±0.09, 0.74±0.28 - 0.05±0.03 and 80.30±17.09 - 22.35±6.89 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of arsenic and nickel exceeded the maximum allowable intake level. Keywords: Heavy metals; Marine fish; Korea. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4667 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 551-557 (2010)
Influence of IL2RA rs2104286 Polymorphism in the Risk of Biopsy-proven Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ LUIS , CASTAÑEDA SANTOS , VÁZQUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ TOMÁS R. , MORADO INMACULADA C. , MARÍ-ALFONSO BEATRIZ , GÓMEZ-VAQUERO CARMEN , MIRANDA-FILLOY JOSÉ A. , ORTEGO-CENTENO NORBERTO , NARVAEZ JAVIER , BLANCO RICARDO , FERNÁNDEZ-GUTIÉRREZ BENJAMÍN , MARTÍN JAVIER , GONZÁLEZ-GAY MIGUEL A. 
Published: September 2010

Objective.To assess the influence of the IL2RA rs2104286 A>G polymorphism on susceptibility to and clinical spectrum of manifestations of biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.Our study included 318 patients with biopsy-proven GCA. DNA from patients and healthy controls was obtained from peripheral blood. Samples were genotyped for the IL2RA rs2104286 A>G polymorphism using a predesigned TaqMan allele discrimination assay and by PCR amplification.Results.Although GCA patients showed a higher frequency of the minor allele homozygote of IL2RA rs2104286 (GG) compared to controls (5.1% vs 2.8%, respectively; p = 0.06, odds ratio 1.84, 95% confidence interval 0.91–3.70), the allele distribution showed no significant differences between GCA patients and controls. Stratification of GCA patients according to sex or polymyalgia rheumatica, jaw claudication, visual ischemic manifestations, or other severe ischemic complications did not yield significant differences in the allele or genotype frequencies of the IL2RA rs2104286 polymorphism.Conclusion.IL2RA rs2104286 polymorphism does not appear to be a genetic risk factor for susceptibility to biopsy-proven GCA. Also, this polymorphism does not seem to be implicated in the clinical expression of this vasculitis.
The Worksite Supportive Environments for Active Living Survey: Development and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Blunt Gina H. , Hallam Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2010

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop a self-report instrument to measure perceived physical and social environmental factors in the worksite setting that are shown to influence physical activity. Design. Initial items were generated from a review of the literature and were sent out for peer and expert panel review. A revised questionnaire was sent to 1250 participants to determine and test the emerging factor structure. Setting. The instrument was tested at two worksites in the mid-South. Participants. Participants consisted of a random sample of regular full-time employees at the two worksites. Measures. Principal axis factoring with a varimax rotation was used to explore the data in the first group of participants. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the fit of the final model in the second group of participants. Measures used included the comparative fit index, parsimony goodness of fit index, root mean square error of approximation, and the root mean square residual. Results. The final analysis showed an adequate fit of the data to the hypothesized factor structure (n = 683). The instrument showed good internal consistency, temporal stability, construct reliability, and discriminant validity. Conclusion. The Worksite Supportive Environments for Active Living Survey is a reliable and valid tool for investigating perception of the worksite environment related to physical activity.
Human Cytomegalovirus: Propagation, Quantification, and Storage
Authors: Britt William J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the largest and perhaps the most structurally complex member of the family of human herpesviruses. It is the prototypic virus of the β‐herpesvirus subfamily. As with other cytomegaloviruses, HCMV is exquisitely species specific and undergoes lytic replication only in cells of human origin. In addition, its replication is limited almost entirely to primary cells and a limited number of transformed cell lines. Together with its prolonged replicative cycle of ∼48 hr, the propagation and quantification of HCMV can present technical challenges. In this brief set of protocols, the propagation of laboratory strains of HCMV and their quantitation is described. In a third series of protocols, the concentration and gradient purification of HCMV for more specialized downstream applications is described. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 18:14E.3.1‐14E.3.17. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thermodynamic analysis of combustion processes and pollutants emission using nonlinear optimization approach
Authors: Farshchi Tabrizi Farshad , Zolfaghari Sharak Ashkan , Zolfaghari Shahrak Arsalan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMathematical formulation and modeling of combustion processes is an important tool in the understanding of this phenomenon. Determination of equilibrium temperature and composition is often the first stage in calculation of combustion characteristics. There are number of different techniques for simulation of combustion process. In this study a basic model has been developed based on the minimization of Gibb's free energy to simulate the combustion processes. A nonlinear mathematical optimization has been developed based on Lagrange multipliers and solved using Quasi‐Newton method written in MathCAD environment. The effect of various parameters such as initial temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratio on the equilibrium temperature and composition has been investigated. In contrast with the equilibrium constant method, obtained results out of this work show that the maximum flame temperature for normal paraffins occurs around the equivalence ratio of 1.05. In addition, from environmental point of view, effects of different conditions on the emission of pollutants in a combustion process have been studied. The simulation results showed that the NO and NO2 emission rates pass through a maximum point and there is an optimum point where the NOCO emission could be minimized. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabonomic study on women of reproductive age treated with nutritional intervention: screening potential biomarkers related to neural tube defects occurrence
Authors: Jiang Zhiting , Liang Qionglin , Wang Yong , Zheng Xiaoying , Pei Lijun , Zhang Ting , Wang Yiming , Luo Guoan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNutritional intervention is effective in reducing the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). To determine the effects of nutritional supplementation on human metabolism, a metabonomic study was carried out on 96 women of reproductive age. Subjects with nutritional intervention were given fortified wheat flour (containing folic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, ferric sodium edetate and zinc oxide) for 8 months. Serum metabolic fingerprinting was detected via ultraperformance liquid chromatography in tandem with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TOF MS), and data acquired was processed by multivariate statistical analysis. The result revealed a significant difference between the control and intervention group. Twenty potential biomarkers, including fructose 6‐phosphate, sphingosine 1‐phosphate, docosahexaenoic acid and hexadecanoic acid, were located and identified by the accurate mass measurement of TOF MS. These compounds are believed to be functionally related to anti‐oxidative competence in vivo. In conclusion, metabonomics study is a valuable approach in exploring the effect mechanism of nutritional intervention on NTD prevention. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transport and binding characterization of a novel hybrid particle impregnated membrane material for bioseparations
Authors: Herigstad M. Omon , Gurgel Patrick V. , Carbonell Ruben G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe transport and binding properties of a novel hybrid particle‐nonwoven membrane medium are described. In this construct, a polymeric chromatographic resin is entrapped between two layers of a nonwoven polypropylene membrane. The membrane‐supported resin medium offers the advantage of increased interstitial pore diameter to allow passage of cells and other debris in the feed, while providing sufficiently high surface area for product capture within the resin particles. Columns packed with PIM displayed excellent flow distribution and had interstitial porosities of 0.48 ± 0.01, 25–60% larger than those typical of a packed bed. These columns were able to pass over 95% of E. coli cells and human red blood cell concentrate in 30 column volumes while maintaining a pressure drop significantly lower than that of a packed bed with a similar amount of resin. The dynamic binding capacity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the chromatographic resin entrapped in the PIM packed column was essentially the same as that observed with the same volume of resin in a packed bed. The General Rate (GR) model of chromatography was used to analyze experiments indicating the breakthrough behavior of the PIM columns is predictable, and very similar to those of a normal packed bed. These results suggest that PIM constructs can be designed to process viscous mobile phases containing particulates while retaining the desirable binding characteristics of the embedded chromatographic resin and could find uses in adsorption separation processes from complex feed streams such as whole blood, cell culture, and food processing. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011