bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BAROQUE MINIMALISM IN JOHN ADAMS'S VIOLIN CONCERTO
Authors: Koay Kheng Keow 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study explores Adams's interpretation of Baroque genres and his creative methods that draw on a relationship between past and present in the Violin Concerto. In this composition, Adams not only revives Baroque musical language through new performance practices, but also draws together diverse musical idioms, creating a way to communicate with our society. Repetition plays a large part in the Violin Concerto, but more in the sense of variation and sequences than of literal repetition. On the other hand, techniques such as the Lombard Snap and “unequal-note’ (notes inégales) are not treated in a traditional way. Structurally, although there is no trace of motivic connexion throughout the work, the music does not lack stylistic unity. The ‘harmonic’ language is generally consonant, which reflects Adams's honor of conventional musical sound. The Concerto certainly demonstrates the composer's creative imagination.
DrosophilaGPI-mannosyltransferase 2 is required for GPI anchor attachment and surface expression of chaoptin
Authors: ROSENBAUM ERICA E. , BREHM KIMBERLEY S. , VASILJEVIC EVA , GAJESKI ALLEN , COLLEY NANSI JO 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGlycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors are critical for the membrane attachment of a wide variety of essential signaling and cell adhesion proteins. The GPI anchor is a complex glycolipid structure that utilizes glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferases (GPI-MTs) for the addition of three core mannose residues during its biosynthesis. Here, we demonstrate thatDrosophilaGPI-MT2 is required for the GPI-mediated membrane attachment of several GPI-anchored proteins, including the photoreceptor-specific cell adhesion molecule, chaoptin. Mutations ingpi-mt2lead to defects in chaoptin trafficking to the plasma membrane inDrosophilaphotoreceptor cells. Ingpi-mt2mutants, loss of sufficient chaoptin in the membrane leads to microvillar instability, photoreceptor cell pathology, and retinal degeneration. Finally, using site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified key amino acids that are essential for GPI-MT2 function and cell viability inDrosophila. Our findings on GPI-MT2 provide a mechanistic link between GPI anchor biosynthesis and protein trafficking inDrosophilaand shed light on a novel mechanism for inherited retinal degeneration.
A case study of proton precipitation at Mars: Mars Express observations and hybrid simulations
Authors: Diéval C. , Kallio E. , Barabash S. , Stenberg G. , Nilsson H. , Futaana Y. , Holmström M. , Fedorov A. , Frahm R. A. , Jarvinen R. , Brain D. A. 
Published: May 2012

Using the data from the Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA‐3) experiment on board Mars Express and hybrid simulations, we have investigated the entry of protons into the Martian induced magnetosphere. We discuss one orbit on the dayside with observations of significant proton fluxes at altitudes down to 260 km on 27 February 2004. The protons observed below the induced magnetosphere boundary at an altitude of less than 700 km have energies of a few keV, travel downward, and precipitate onto the atmosphere. The measured energy flux and particle flux are 108–109 eV cm−2 s−1 and 105–106 H+ cm−2 s−1, respectively. The proton precipitation occurs because the Martian magnetosheath is small with respect to the heated proton gyroradius in the subsolar region. The data suggest that the precipitation is not permanent but may occur when there are transient increases in the magnetosheath proton temperature. The higher‐energy protons penetrate deeper because of their larger gyroradii. The proton entry into the induced magnetosphere is simulated using a hybrid code. A simulation using a fast solar wind as input can reproduce the high energies of the observed precipitating protons. The model shows that the precipitating protons originate from both the solar wind and the planetary exosphere. The precipitation extends over a few thousand kilometers along the orbit of the spacecraft. The proton precipitation does not necessarily correlate with the crustal magnetic anomalies.
Satellite observation of regional haze pollution over the North China Plain
Authors: Tao Minghui , Chen Liangfu , Su Lin , Tao Jinhua 
Published: May 2012

Haze clouds often form over the North China Plain (NCP) of eastern China, where large amounts of aerosol particles and their precursors are emitted. To obtain general insights into regional pollution, a large‐scale, long‐term study was conducted using A‐Train satellite observations, ground measurements, and meteorological data. Contrary to previous analyses, most of the haze clouds appeared to form abruptly (within 2–3 h). Case studies show that natural sources contribute significantly to the formation of regional haze. Dust plumes can mix with local pollutants, causing smog clouds to form abruptly, while moist airflows can cause widespread haze‐fog pollution. The combined observations revealed highly inhomogeneous haze clouds, in terms of both vertical and horizontal distribution, leading to clear discrepancies between site measurements near the surface and satellite observations at the top of the atmosphere. Surprisingly, prevailing dust plumes, which are closely connected with the haze clouds, were observed in winter. Airborne dust and water vapor transported from outside the region are the main drivers of regional haze over the NCP. Accumulation of local pollutants also leads to common occurrences of urban smog; however, the occurrence of most haze clouds shows no obvious correlation with local pollution. Local‐ and regional‐scale haze pollution are common over the NCP, but they have differing formation mechanisms, and contrasting chemical and physical properties. The present findings improve our understanding of heavy pollution over eastern China and its links to climate.
Phylotype-level 16S rRNA analysis reveals new bacterial indicators of health state in acute murine colitis
Authors: Berry David , Schwab Clarissa , Milinovich Gabriel , Reichert Jochen , Ben Mahfoudh Karim , Decker Thomas , Engel Marion , Hai Brigitte , Hainzl Eva , Heider Susanne , Kenner Lukas , Müller Mathias , Rauch Isabella , Strobl Birgit , Wagner Michael , Schleper Christa , Urich Tim , Loy Alexander 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Human inflammatory bowel disease and experimental colitis models in mice are associated with shifts in intestinal microbiota composition, but it is unclear at what taxonomic/phylogenetic level such microbiota dynamics can be indicative for health or disease. Here, we report that dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis is accompanied by major shifts in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota of STAT1−/− and wild-type mice, as determined by 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA (gene) amplicons, metatranscriptomics and quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization of selected phylotypes. The bacterial families Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Deferribacteraceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae increased in relative abundance in DSS-treated mice. Comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis at maximum possible phylogenetic resolution identified several indicator phylotypes for DSS treatment, including the putative mucin degraders Akkermansia and Mucispirillum. The analysis additionally revealed strongly contrasting abundance changes among phylotypes of the same family, particularly within the Lachnospiraceae. These extensive phylotype-level dynamics were hidden when reads were grouped at higher taxonomic levels. Metatranscriptomic analysis provided insights into functional shifts in the murine intestinal microbiota, with increased transcription of genes associated with regulation and cell signaling, carbohydrate metabolism and respiration and decreased transcription of flagellin genes during inflammation. These findings (i) establish the first in-depth inventory of the mouse gut microbiota and its metatranscriptome in the DSS colitis model, (ii) reveal that family-level microbial community analyses are insufficient to reveal important colitis-associated microbiota shifts and (iii) support a scenario of shifting intra-family structure and function in the phylotype-rich and phylogenetically diverse Lachnospiraceae in DSS-treated mice.
Streamer inhibition for improving force and electric wind produced by DBD actuators
Authors: Debien Antoine , Benard Nicolas , Moreau Eric 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The use of thin wires from 13 to 300 µm in diameter as the exposed electrode of a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma actuator is experimentally investigated by electrical and optical diagnostics, electrohydrodynamic force measurements and produced electric wind characterization from time-averaged and time-resolved measurements. The streamer inhibition and glow discharge enhancement due to the use of a thin wire active electrode fully modify the topology and the temporal behaviour of the thrust and the electric wind production. With a typical plate-to-plate DBD, the electric wind velocity increases during the negative going cycle. With a wire-to-plate design, both positive and negative going-cycle discharges result in an electric wind velocity increase. The four main quantitative results are as follows: (1) for a power consumption of 1 W cm−1, the force is increased from 65 to 95 mN m−1 when a 13 µm wire is used, (2) this corresponds to a 15% electric wind velocity enhancement, (3) electromechanical efficiency can be increased from 0.1% to 0.25%, (4) these improvements are applied for definition of a new multi-DBD design plasma actuator that allows us to produce a mean velocity of 10.5 m s−1.
Local interdiffusion at buried TiN/Si interfaces with scanning probes
Authors: Chen C-H , Cheng C-E , Hsu C-C , Chang M-N , Shiu H W , Chien F S-S 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This study proposes a novel scanning-probe-based approach to induce local interdiffusion at buried interfaces. Scanning-probe oxidation (SPO) was performed on a thin TiN layer on a Si substrate with ethanol menisci. The diffusion of Si and Ti at the interface was observed using Auger electron analysis and photoelectron spectroscopy and mapping. The results of photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that SPO converted the TiN layer into TiN
x
O
y
. The significant conductivity of TiN
x
O
y
was verified by conductive atomic force microscopy. Joule heating in the conductive TiN
x
O
y
induced Si diffusion in the amorphous TiN
x
O
y
layer.
Evaluation of the thermoelectric potential of the type-I clathrate Ba8NiyZnxGe46−x−y
Authors: Falmbigl M , Nasir N , Grytsiv A , Rogl P , Seichter S , Zavarsky A , Royanian E , Bauer E 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A detailed investigation of the high-temperature thermoelectric properties of the ternary clathrate of type-I Ba8Zn
x
Ge46−x
for the range 7.2 ⩽ x ⩽ 7.8 is presented. Electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity and Hall-effect measurements clearly demonstrate that the maximum ZT-value can be expected for the composition Ba8Zn7.7Ge38.3, which reaches ZT ∼ 0.46 at a temperature of 730 K. Furthermore, the influence on the thermoelectric properties was studied for partial substitution of Zn by one Ni-atom (Ba8Ni
y
Zn
x
Ge46−x−y
with y
nom = 1, and 6.5 ⩽ x ⩽ 7.2) or by three Ni-atoms per unit cell (Ba8Ni
y
Zn
x
Ge46−x−y
with y
nom = 3 and x = 1 to 3). Whereas a small amount of Ni increases the figure of merit ZT to 0.65 at 800 K, a higher Ni-content reduces the thermoelectric performance. Hall-effect measurements reveal that this improvement is essentially due to an increased charge carrier mobility.
Evolution of Cannulation Techniques for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery a 10-Year Journey
Authors: Chan Edward Y. , Lumbao Dennis M. , Iribarne Alexander , Easterwood Rachel , Yang Jonathan Y. , Cheema Faisal H. , Smith Craig R. , Argenziano Michael 
Published: May 2012

Objective For minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), cannulation techniques vary and seem to be important determinants of technical difficulty and clinical outcomes. Over 10 years of MICS, we have modified our techniques substantially, and the present report outlines the evolution of our current cannulation platform. Methods From October 2000 to November 2010, 1087 minimally invasive cardiac procedures were performed at our institution; of these, 165 were done without CPB and were excluded. Methods of arterial and venous cannulation and aortic occlusion were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes of interest included CPB and aortic cross-clamp time, as well as rates of in-hospital stroke, myocardial infarction, and short- and long-term mortality. Results The mean age of the study population was 57 ± 15 years, with 50% being men. The MICS procedures included mitral valve surgery, atrial septal defect repair, atrial fibrillation ablation, and cardiac tumor resections. Over the study period, peripheral arterial cannulation was replaced by central aortic cannulation, which was used in 33% of patients in 2000–2001 and 93% in 2008–2010. Venous cannulation strategies also evolved over time, from percutaneous neck and femoral (78% of cases from 2000–2005), to direct superior vena cava and percutaneous femoral (67% in 2006–2007), to percutaneous dual-stage femoral (51% in 2008–2010). Aortic occlusion was achieved by endoaortic balloon in 33% of cases in 2000–2001 but, by 2002, was replaced by transaxillary clamp occlusion and direct antegrade/retrograde cardioplegia. In the post-endoballoon era, CPB and cross-clamp times have remained consistent. Overall, there were nine strokes (<1.0%), no myocardial infarctions, and 18 deaths (2.0%) within 30 days of surgery, and the incidence of these outcomes has not changed over time. Conclusions Over 10 years, our cannulation strategy for MICS has evolved to favor central aortic over femoral arterial cannulation, percutaneous femoral dual-stage bicaval venous drainage over percutaneous neck access, and transaxillary clamping over endoaortic balloon occlusion of the aorta. In our experience, this approach has resulted in low complication rates and a reliable platform for a variety of MICS procedures.
Robotic En Bloc First-Rib Resection for Paget-Schroetter Disease, a Form of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Technique and Initial Results
Authors: Gharagozloo Farid , Meyer Mark , Tempesta Barbara J. , Margolis Marc , Strother Eric T. , Tummala Srini 
Published: May 2012

Objective First-rib resection is a key component of the treatment of Paget-Schroetter disease. There are many controversies regarding the management of this disease. We report a safe, effective, minimally invasive robotic transthoracic approach for resection of the first rib. Methods Over an 8-month period, five patients underwent robotic first-rib resection. Preoperative assessment included physical examination and bilateral venous angiography. On a thoracoscopic platform using three 2-cm incisions and one 1-cm incision, the robot was used to dissect the first rib and divide the scalene muscles. Success of the first-rib resection was assessed by postoperative venous angiography. Results There were four men and one woman. Mean age was 34.6 ± 10 years. Mean operative time was 195 ± 24.6 minutes. There were no complications and no mortality. All patients had a patent subclavian vein on the postoperative venogram and were anticoagulated with warfarin for 3 months. At a median follow-up of 12 months, all patients had an open subclavian vein for a patency rate of 100%. Conclusions Robotic thoracoscopic first-rib resection represents a feasible minimally invasive approach to en bloc resection of the first rib. This technique minimizes the risk of neurovascular complications that are associated with conventional techniques.
The Early Inflammatory Response in a Mini–Cardiopulmonary Bypass System a Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Kiaii Bob , Fox Stephanie , Swinamer Stuart A. , Rayman Reiza , Higgins Jennifer , Cleland Andrew , Fernandes Philip , MacDonald James , Dobkowski Wojciech B. , Stitt Larry W. , Novick Richard J. , Singh Bhagirath , Bureau Yves , Summers Kelly 
Published: May 2012

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the early systemic inflammatory response of the Resting Heart System (RHS; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN USA), a miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) system, with two groups using a standard extracorporeal circulation system during on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Methods A total of 60 consecutive patients requiring CABG were prospectively randomized to undergo on-pump CABG using conventional CPB without cardiotomy suction (group A), conventional CPB with cardiotomy suction (group B), or the RHS (group C). Blood samples were collected at five time points: immediately before CPB, 30 minutes into CPB, immediately at the end of CPB, 30 minutes post-CPB, and 1 hour post-CPB. Inflammation was analyzed by changes in (a) levels of plasma proteins, including inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α), chemokines (IL-8, monokine induced by interferon-γ, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, and interferon-inducible protein-10), and acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein and complement protein 3); (b) biochemical variables (cardiac troponin I, hematocrit, and immunoglobulin G); and (c) cell numbers (leukocytes, neutrophils, and thrombocytes). Results The RHS showed more delayed secretion of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-10, chemokines monokine induced by interferon-γ (P < 0.001); IL-8, and interferon-inducible protein-10; and complement protein 3 than conventional CPB systems did. Median thrombocyte numbers were higher in the RHS group. Levels of cardiac troponin I, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and IL-6 were lower in both the RHS and conventional CPB without suction than with suction. Levels of C-reactive protein and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, plus leukocyte and neutrophil numbers, were similar in all groups. Conclusions The Medtronic RHS may induce less systemic inflammation than conventional CPB systems, particularly when cardiotomy suction was used, but it did not result in improved clinical benefit.
Lobectomy for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Differences in Morbidity and Mortality between Thoracotomy and Thoracoscopy
Authors: Papiashvilli Michael , Stav David , Cyjon Arnold , Haitov Zoya , Gofman Vladislav , Bar Ilan 
Published: May 2012

Objective Until the last decade, lobectomy by thoracotomy (TL) was the “gold standard” for treatment of patients with operable lung carcinoma. Today, video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy (VATS-L) has become accepted as a safe and effective procedure to treat early-stage lung cancer. We analyzed and compared postoperative complications, hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality after TL and VATS-L in patients with non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Methods Between February 1998 and December 2007, we performed 326 TLs in patients with NSCLC. From December 2007, VATS-L was preferentially performed, and 63 cases of NSCLC patients underwent surgery using this method. Comorbidities were scaled according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and propensity scores between the TL and VATS-L patients were compared. Results Postoperative complications occurred in 142 TL patients (43.6%) and 17 VATS-L patients (27%), with 3.6% and 1.6% intra-hospital mortality, respectively. There were no significant differences between the TL and VATS-L patients in Charlson Comorbidity Index or propensity scores, which led us to compare complications between TL and VATS-L groups and discovered that VATS-L patients had a shorter median length of stay (P < 0.001) and VATS-L was associated with a reduction in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (P = 0.011) and offered benefits for patients with more significant comorbidities, for example, congestive heart failure patients (P = 0.042). Conclusions Our clinical impression is that VATS-L offers advantages over TL in terms of lower morbidity, fewer and less serious complications, shorter hospital stays, and the possibility to operate on patients with more comorbidities.
TRPC3 and TRPC6 are essential for normal mechanotransduction in subsets of sensory neurons and cochlear hair cells
Authors: Quick Kathryn , Zhao Jing , Eijkelkamp Niels , Linley John E. , Rugiero Francois , Cox James J. , Raouf Ramin , Gringhuis Martine , Sexton Jane E. , Abramowitz Joel , Taylor Ruth , Forge Andy , Ashmore Jonathan , Kirkwood Nerissa , Kros Corné J. , Richardson Guy P. , Freichel Marc , Flockerzi Veit , Birnbaumer Lutz , Wood John N. 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels TRPC3 and TRPC6 are expressed in both sensory neurons and cochlear hair cells. Deletion of TRPC3 or TRPC6 in mice caused no behavioural phenotype, although loss of TRPC3 caused a shift of rapidly adapting (RA) mechanosensitive currents to intermediate-adapting currents in dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons. Deletion of both TRPC3 and TRPC6 caused deficits in light touch and silenced half of small-diameter sensory neurons expressing mechanically activated RA currents. Double TRPC3/TRPC6 knock-out mice also showed hearing impairment, vestibular deficits and defective auditory brain stem responses to high-frequency sounds. Basal, but not apical, cochlear outer hair cells lost more than 75 per cent of their responses to mechanical stimulation. FM1-43-sensitive mechanically gated currents were induced when TRPC3 and TRPC6 were co-expressed in sensory neuron cell lines. TRPC3 and TRPC6 are thus required for the normal function of cells involved in touch and hearing, and are potential components of mechanotransducing complexes.
Biosynthesis of the Halogenated Auxin, 4-Chloroindole-3-Acetic Acid
Authors: Tivendale Nathan D. , Davidson Sandra E. , Davies Noel W. , Smith Jason A. , Dalmais Marion , Bendahmane Abdelhafid I. , Quittenden Laura J. , Sutton Lily , Bala Raj K. , Le Signor Christine , Thompson Richard , Horne James , Reid James B. , Ross John J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Seeds of several agriculturally important legumes are rich sources of the only halogenated plant hormone, 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid. However, the biosynthesis of this auxin is poorly understood. Here, we show that in pea (Pisum sativum) seeds, 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid is synthesized via the novel intermediate 4-chloroindole-3-pyruvic acid, which is produced from 4-chlorotryptophan by two aminotransferases, TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED1 and TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED2. We characterize a tar2 mutant, obtained by Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes, the seeds of which contain dramatically reduced 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid levels as they mature. We also show that the widespread auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, is synthesized by a parallel pathway in pea.