bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher-order topological transport protected by boundary Chern number in phononic crystals
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Ye Liping , Pu Zhenhang , Ma Qiyun , He Hailong , Lu Jiuyang , Deng Weiyin , Huang Xueqin , Ke Manzhu , Liu Zhengyou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTopological pumps enable robust transports of topological states when the system parameters are varied in a cyclic process. The reported topological pumps are protected by the bulk topology. However, the exploration of topological pump protected by other mechanism remains elusive. Here we report our prediction and observation of higher-order topological pumps linked to the boundary topology, i.e., boundary Chern number. Based on such topological pump, the higher-order transports between the topological states of different dimensions (e.g., corner-edge-corner) are directly observed by spatial scanning of the sound field, and their topological robustness is observed in the paths with defects. Furthermore, modulated by the fundamental corner-edge-corner topological transport, topological splitting effects are unambiguously observed in our acoustic experiments. Our findings not only advance the research of the higher-order topological transports, but also offer good platforms to design unconventional devices.
Dual clumped isotopes from Mid-Eocene bivalve shell reveal a hot and summer wet climate of the Paris Basin
Authors: Kniest Jorit F. , Davies Amelia J. , Brugger Julia , Fiebig Jens , Bernecker Miguel , Todd Jonathan A. , Hickler Thomas , Voigt Silke , Woodland Alan , Raddatz Jacek 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurate reconstruction of seasonal atmospheric patterns of the past is essential for reliable prediction of how climate will evolve due to anthropogenic CO2 forcing. The Eocene ‘hot house’ climate, as the warmest epoch during the Cenozoic, is considered as a potential analogue for ‘high-CO2’ future climate scenarios. In this context, the reconstruction of variations in seasonality are as important as changes in mean annual conditions. Here we combine stable oxygen (δ18O) and dual clumped isotope (Δ47 + Δ48) measurements of a bivalve shell to determine sub-annual variations in sea surface temperatures and oceanic freshening in the Paris Basin during the Mid-Eocene Climate Optimum, 40 million years ago. Our reconstruction indicates to high mean annual temperatures with a small seasonal amplitude (33.3 °C ± 4.4 °C) and an enhanced fresh water input during the summer period. Our results implying a substantially warmer climate state with different hydrological conditions for Western Europe during the Eocene than previously suggested by proxy data or climate modelling.
The bending of a supra-subduction zone produced crustal thickening and arc migration of the Mongolian Orocline
Authors: Ling Jiaqi , Li Pengfei , Yuan Chao , Rosenbaum Gideon , Sun Min , Li Zhen , Narantsetseg Tserendash 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrogenic curvatures have been widely recognized along global convergent plate boundaries. Understanding the impact of such curvatures on the tectonic evolution of orogens and their three-dimensional architecture has been challenging. Here we address this issue by studying magmatism around the tightly curved Mongolian Orocline in Central Asia. Our results show that during the Permian–Triassic, arc magmatism around the inner hinge of the orocline became younger towards the core of the orocline. During the same period, the crust was thickened, as indicated by Lanthanum-Ytterbium ratio proxy. These findings, together with the observation that the present-day hinge zone of the Mongolian Orocline is wider, indicate that this zone was subjected to significant crustal-scale contraction. This contractional deformation accounts for the relatively thicker crust around the inner hinge of the Mongolian Orocline, and offers a novel perspective on the formation of elevated topography around the hinge of curved plate boundaries.
Spinal muscular atrophy genetic epidemiology and the case for premarital genomic screening in Arab populations
Authors: Rabea Fatma , El Naofal Maha , Chekroun Ikram , Khalaf Mona , Zaabi Nuha Al , AlZaabi Khawla , ElHalik Mahmoud , Dash Swarup , El Saba Yaser , Ali Azhari , Abraham Smitha , Fathi Khansa , Shekhy Jwan , Aswad Saad G. , Elbashir Haitham , Alkuraya Fowzan , Loney Tom , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi , Khayat Abdulla Al , Abou Tayoun Ahmad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a fatal autosomal recessive disorder for which several treatment options, including a gene therapy, have become available. SMA incidence has not been well-characterized in most Arab countries where rates of consanguinity are high. Understanding SMA disease epidemiology has important implications for screening, prevention, and treatment in those populations.

Methods
We perform SMA diagnostic testing in a clinical multi-national patient cohort (N = 171) referred for hypotonia and/or muscle weakness. In addition, we carry out genetic newborn screening for SMA on 1502 healthy Emirati newborns to estimate the carrier frequency and incidence of the disease in the United Arab Emirates.

Results
Patients referred for SMA genetic testing are mostly Arabs (82%) representing 18 countries. The overall diagnostic yield is 33.9%, which is higher (>50%) for certain nationalities. Most patients (71%) has two SMN2 copies and earlier disease onset. For the first time, we estimate SMA carrier frequency (1.3%) and incidence of the disease (1 in 7122 live births) in the United Arab Emirates. Using birth and marriage rates in two Arab populations (United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia), as well as disease incidence in both countries, we show that, besides preventing new cases, premarital genetic screening could potentially result in around $8 to $324 million annual cost savings, respectively, relative to postnatal treatment.

Conclusions
The SMA carrier frequency and incidence we document suggests high potential benefit for universal implementation of premarital genomic screening for a wide range of recessive disorders in Arab populations.
A literature review on V2X communications security: Foundation, solutions, status, and future
Authors: Ying Zuobin , Wang Kaichao , Xiong Jinbo , Ma Maode 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the refinement and development of the Vehicle to Everything (V2X) concept, its security issues have gradually come to the fore, revealing many security risks and increasing security requirements for V2X, and many protective measures have likewise emerged. The article first introduces the development history of the past Internet of Vehicles(IoV), summarizes some common V2X security threats, surveys the security technologies used for V2X communication, and outlines the development of each technology and the proposed security protocols in the last 3 years. Due to the different advantages and disadvantages of previous protection schemes, the idea of using National Cryptography to supplement the security scheme or designing a new security scheme article based on the National Cryptography Algorithms((AKA SM algorithms) is proposed. The survey then introduces the SM2, SM3, SM9, and ZUC algorithms, describes the development and application of the SM commercial algorithm in recent years, and finally, statistics and introduces the part of the development process of the security protocols currently used in IoV regarding the SM algorithms and gives some application prospects.
A comparative analysis of two‐stage approaches for embedding network function virtualization enabled multicast services
Authors: Asgarian Mina , Mirjalily Ghasem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technology has emerged to turn hardware‐based network functions into software‐based virtual entities. In NFV‐enabled multicast services, the data flow should be passed through a series of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) before reaching destinations. In the problem of NFV‐enabled multicast service embedding, not only the VNFs must be deployed, but also the traffic forwarding topology must be constructed. As the exact solution of this problem suffers from high computational complexity, the heuristic or approximation approaches are used in practice. However, as a way to control the trade off between complexity and efficiency, using multistage solutions is offered in literature. In this article, some two‐stage approaches for embedding NFV‐enabled multicast services are introduced, and they are compared through analysis and simulation. Specifically, a new low‐complexity approach based on the Auxiliary VNF Graph (AVG) is proposed to determine the sub‐optimal locations for VNF placement and to construct the NFV‐based multicast routing tree. The comparative analysis shows that the proposal has acceptable performance while reducing the computational complexity significantly.
TanrsColour: Transformer‐based medical image colourization with content and structure preservation
Authors: Liu Qinghai , Zhao Dengping , Tang Lun , Xu Limin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMedical image colouring techniques enable to colourize grey‐scale medical images for assisting doctors in diagnosis. Benefiting from the non‐linear fitting ability of deep neural network, deep medical image colouring techniques have achieved remarkable results. However, existing methods are still facing content and structure feature leakage, unrealistic colouring and poor scale invariability. Thus, this paper, proposes a Transformer‐based medical image colouring algorithm with long‐term dependency to avoid feature leakage of coloured images. To be specific, this method employs two different Transformer encoders to generate and encode feature sequences for grey‐scale medical images and real human colour slice images, respectively. Then, a novel multi‐layer Transformer decoder is used to stylize grey‐scale map image features based on the real physical colour feature sequences. For colouring images at different scales, we implement content‐ aware positional encoding with scale invariance and propose style‐aware positional encoding strategy to take realistic and physical colour prior into account. Extensive experimental results indicate our method has achieved better colourization effects than recent state‐of‐the‐art medical image colourization methods.
The impact of online purchase behaviour on customer lifetime value
Authors: Kvíčala Daniel , Králová Maria , Suchánek Petr 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates customer lifetime value (CLV) in e-shops, particularly those operated by small on-platform evolving financially independent online resellers (SOEFIOR) e-shops. The aim is to identify factors predicting CLV and assess their associations with CLV. Given the nested structure of the data, where transactions by customers are clustered within e-shops, a multilevel model is employed as the analytical framework. While classical linear regression assumes independence of observations within a sample, our dataset operates across three hierarchical levels: transaction level (I), customer level (II), and e-shop level (III). This hierarchical structure challenges the validity of inferences drawn from linear regression models, as transactions by one customer are not independent, and customers within a single e-shop may exhibit interdependencies. Therefore, a multilevel model is utilised to appropriately address the dependence among transactions within this nested data structure. The analysis reveals that the “number of transactions” exhibits the strongest positive association with CLV, followed by “days to transaction” and “session duration”. Furthermore, we discovered that “direct access” exhibits a positive association with CLV compared to access through Google campaigns, whereas access through Facebook campaigns demonstrates a negative association with CLV when compared to Google campaigns. Additionally, using the e-shop on mobile and landing on the product details page both show negative associations with CLV compared to desktop usage and landing on the e-shop’s home page, respectively. Our research identifies several variables that are associated with CLV in e-shops. This enables e-shop managers to effectively target and engage customers through marketing activities, thereby maximising revenues, financial performance, and customer CLV.
Historical contextualisation in primary school history textbooks in Ghana
Authors: Oppong Charles Adabo , Essiaw Prince 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study focused on how historical contextualisation is reflected in 12 history textbooks for primary schools in Ghana. The study employed a content analysis design to analyse how historical contextualisation is reflected in history textbooks. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting 12 textbooks to represent the 6 classes in the Ghanaian primary school. A thematic matrix was developed from historical thinking frameworks to collect data from the textbooks. Microsoft Excel functions were used to rate the textbooks on a scale of 0–5, depending on the amount of evidence of historical contextualisation. Descriptive statistics and Maton’s (2013) principle of shift in the Semantic Wave were used in the analysis to determine the level of evidence of historical contextualisation in the textbooks. The study established that historical contextualisation is reflected in the history textbooks used in the study. This study contributes to understanding how textbook writers incorporate historical contextualisation within textbook narratives to meet history curriculum requirements. It gives an understanding of how historical contextualisation is needed in history textbooks to promote historical reasoning among textbook users such as teachers and students. Possible implications of the findings are discussed in the main text.
Universal Machine Learning Kohn–Sham Hamiltonian for Materials
Authors: Zhong 钟 Yang 阳 , Yu 于 Hongyu 宏宇 , Yang 杨 Jihui 吉辉 , Guo 郭 Xingyu 星宇 , Xiang 向 Hongjun 红军 , Gong 龚 Xingao 新高 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
While density functional theory (DFT) serves as a prevalent computational approach in electronic structure calculations, its computational demands and scalability limitations persist. Recently, leveraging neural networks to parameterize the Kohn–Sham DFT Hamiltonian has emerged as a promising avenue for accelerating electronic structure computations. Despite advancements, challenges such as the necessity for computing extensive DFT training data to explore each new system and the complexity of establishing accurate machine learning models for multi-elemental materials still exist. Addressing these hurdles, this study introduces a universal electronic Hamiltonian model trained on Hamiltonian matrices obtained from first-principles DFT calculations of nearly all crystal structures on the Materials Project. We demonstrate its generality in predicting electronic structures across the whole periodic table, including complex multi-elemental systems, solid-state electrolytes, Moiré twisted bilayer heterostructure, and metal-organic frameworks. Moreover, we utilize the universal model to conduct high-throughput calculations of electronic structures for crystals in GNoME datasets, identifying 3940 crystals with direct band gaps and 5109 crystals with flat bands. By offering a reliable efficient framework for computing electronic properties, this universal Hamiltonian model lays the groundwork for advancements in diverse fields, such as easily providing a huge data set of electronic structures and also making the materials design across the whole periodic table possible.
Approximate constructions of counterdiabatic driving with NMR quantum systems
Authors: Zhou 周 Hui 辉 , Dai 代 Xiaoli 晓莉 , Geng 耿 Jianpei 建培 , Ji 季 Yunlan 云兰 , Peng 彭 Xinhua 新华 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Counterdiabatic driving (CD) offers a fast and robust route to manipulate quantum systems, which has widespread applications in quantum technologies. However, for higher-dimensional complex systems, the exact CD term involving the spectral properties of the system is difficult to calculate and generally takes a complicated form, impeding its experimental realization. Recently, many approximate methods have been proposed for designing CD passages in many-body systems. In this topical review, we focus on the CD formalism and briefly introduce several experimental constructions and applications of approximate CD driving in spin-chain models with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems.
The Development of the Jury: Changing Regulation and Function
Authors: Helm Rebecca K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the changing role of the jury, specifically in England and Wales, in order to demonstrate the different ways that the jury has functioned and the different roles that it has assumed over time, and the priorities that have shaped its evolution. The history of the modern jury is reviewed based on contemporary commentaries, categorizing jury development into four suggested key phases in which the role of the jury evolved. The chapter draws on the history of the jury to show that there is nothing about the jury system that makes it inherently appropriate as the best tool to fulfil a particular role, and that the way in which the jury functions must be shaped by policy surrounding trial by jury. It concludes by suggesting that the variety of ways that the jury can function demonstrates the importance of articulating what we want the jury to do in society and designing evidence-based policy to ensure the jury is functioning to do that.
Jury Systems Worldwide
Authors: Helm Rebecca K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, different procedures surrounding jury trial in jurisdictions worldwide are explored in order to begin to examine prioritizations and presumptions underlying modern jury systems. The chapter first provides some context on how jury systems have developed. A range of approaches to jury regulation are then introduced, framed around common debates on how best to regulate juries. Specifically, the chapter focuses on the number of people on a jury and unanimity or majority verdict requirements, eligibility and selection of jurors, and juror decision-making freedom. It is suggested that many jurisdictional approaches reflect imprecise normative goals and reliance on common-sense-type reasoning or weak empirical evidence, which are not grounded in science and so can differ by jurisdiction. The chapter suggests that regulation is still more opinion-based than science-based and concludes by highlighting the importance of clearly articulating desired goals of the jury and gathering evidence to facilitate tailoring of function to those goals.
The Role of the Modern Jury
Authors: Helm Rebecca K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks closely at what society demands of the jury today, with the intention of being broad enough to cover jury systems generally, primarily in the common law context. It suggests that while the focus of jury critique and reform during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries was ensuring fair procedure for the defendant (a result of historical development that had created a one-sided trial favouring the prosecution before that time), the last two centuries have seen increasing demand for the development of a more sophisticated jury with the ability to respond to evidence and integrate community judgment in ways that are rational from a scientific perspective and to avoid the influence of misconceptions or biases. The chapter discusses how this demand requires us to rethink how we conceptualize and assess jury decision-making and suggests that in this context it is helpful to more clearly delineate the role of the jury as a ‘scientific’ fact-finder, and the role of the jury as a ‘subjective’ community decision-maker. It concludes by outlining suggested benchmarks against which jury performance can be evaluated in each of the two roles described and highlights the need for strong evidence-based procedure surrounding jury trial to ensure that the jury is well positioned to function optimally in each of those roles.
Juror Decision-Making Models: Existing Models and a New Representation-Based Framework
Authors: Helm Rebecca K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on models of juror decision-making—assessing existing models and developing a new theory-based model. Models of juror decision-making are an important starting point for understanding how juries work, since juror decisions are highly predictive of jury decisions. First, an overview of existing models of juror decision-making is provided, with a particular focus on two cognitive models—the Story Model and the Director’s Cut Model. The chapter outlines empirical support for these models, but also highlights key limitations of the models. It then proposes a new theory-based model with the potential to be helpful in developing our understanding of how jurors and juries work and, importantly, the factors that influence them. Specifically, the chapter introduces and outlines Fuzzy-Trace Theory (FTT), a psychological theory of memory and decision-making, and combines FTT with Fuzzy Logic (FL), an approach to computing based on degrees of truth rather than a true/false dichotomy, to develop a new model of juror decision-making focused on attribution of meaning (the Representation-Based Model). It then reviews the ways in which people develop intuitions and beliefs that feed into the attribution of meaning and discusses what that development can tell us about juror decision-making. The chapter concludes by noting benefits and risks related to the assignment of meaning in the juror decision-making process, and by describing how the Representation-Based Model can provide a framework through which much existing work on juror decision-making can be better understood, and influences on jurors evaluated.
Juror Characteristics
Authors: Helm Rebecca K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter identifies literature demonstrating associations between juror characteristics and verdicts and examines how these associations can be explained by relationships between juror characteristics and the meaning assigned to evidence, trial participants, the body of evidence, and legal standards (ie through differences in relevant representations). Seven distinct characteristics will be considered, grouped under two headings: (1) juror attitudes, beliefs, and experiences including political opinions (including authoritarianism), legal attitudes (including legal system trust), case-specific beliefs, and experiences, and (2) individual differences and demographics including need for cognition and cognitive processing, gender, and race. Based on this examination, the normative desirability of relationships between juror characteristics and verdicts against proposed goals of the modern jury is assessed. The chapter concludes by drawing on this examination to briefly assess what these relationships tell us about how jurors work and, crucially, how jurors might work better.
Case-Level Characteristics
Authors: Helm Rebecca K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter identifies literature demonstrating associations between case characteristics and verdicts and examines how these associations can be explained by relationships between case characteristics and the meaning assigned to evidence, trial participants, the body of evidence, and legal standards (ie through differences in relevant representations). First, case evidence itself is considered, followed by other important case characteristics including victim and defendant characteristics, emotional evidence, and pretrial publicity. Based on this examination, the chapter assesses the normative desirability of relationships between case characteristics and verdicts against proposed goals of the modern jury. The chapter concludes by briefly discussing what these relationships can tell us about how jurors work and how they might work better.