bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone edema on magnetic resonance imaging is an independent predictor of rheumatoid arthritis development in patients with early undifferentiated arthritis
Authors: Duer‐Jensen Anne , Hørslev‐Petersen Kim , Hetland Merete Lund , Bak Lene , Ejbjerg Bo Jannik , Hansen Michael Sejer , Johansen Julia Sidenius , Lindegaard Hanne Merete , Vinterberg Henrik , Møller Jakob M. , ØStergaard Mikkel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo study magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a tool for early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with early undifferentiated arthritis (UA).MethodsPatients (n = 116) without a specific rheumatologic diagnosis, but with ≥2 tender joints and/or ≥2 swollen joints among the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, wrist, or metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints for >6 weeks but <24 months, underwent clinical, biochemical, conventional radiographic, and MRI examinations and were followed up for >12 months for the final diagnosis of RA or non‐RA. Based on univariate analyses, clinical, biochemical, and imaging parameters were selected for inclusion as explanatory variables in multiple logistic regression analysis, with development of RA as the dependent variable. A prediction model was developed, and its performance was tested and compared with that of a previous model developed by van der Helm‐van Mil et al (the vdHvM model).ResultsOf the 116 patients with early UA, 27 (23.3%) developed RA. When the prediction model was applied, which included as explanatory variables presence of hand arthritis, positivity for rheumatoid factor (RF), morning stiffness lasting >1 hour, and the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials MRI summary score for bone edema in the MTP and wrist joints, the outcome of RA or non‐RA was correctly identified in 82% of the patients (sensitivity 81%, specificity 82%). Another cutoff value for the prediction index in the model would allow a higher specificity (98%) and higher accuracy (83%), but lower sensitivity (36%). With the vdHvM model, RA/non‐RA was predicted in 60.2% of the population.ConclusionMRI evidence of bone edema in the MTP and wrist joints is an independent predictor of future RA in patients with early UA. A prediction model that includes the variables clinical hand arthritis, morning stiffness, positivity for RF, and bone edema on MRI in the MTP and wrist joints correctly identified the development or lack of development of RA in 82% of patients.
Anion‐Free Bambus[6]uril and Its Supramolecular Properties
Authors: Svec Jan , Dusek Michal , Fejfarova Karla , Stacko Peter , Klán Petr , Kaifer Angel E. , Li Wei , Hudeckova Edita , Sindelar Vladimir 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMethods for the preparation of anion‐free bambus[6]uril (BU6) are presented. They are based on the oxidation of iodide anion, which is bound inside the macrocycle, utilizing dark oxidation by hydrogen peroxide or photooxidation in the presence of titanium dioxide. Anion‐free BU6 was found to be insoluble in any of the investigated solvents; however, it dissolves in methanol/chloroform (1:1) or acetonitrile/water (1:1) mixtures in the presence of the tetrabutylammonium salt of a suitable anion. The association constants with halide ions, BF4−, NO3−, and CN−, were measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The highest association constant (8.9×105 M−1) was found for the 1:1 complex of BU6 with I− in acetonitrile/water mixture. A number of crystal structures of BU6 complexes with various anions were obtained. The influence of the anion size on the macrocycle diameter is discussed together with an unusual arrangement of the macrocycles into separate layers.
Natural convection of nanofluids in a shallow rectangular enclosure heated from the side
Authors: Alloui Z. , Guiet J. , Vasseur P. , Reggio M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article reports an analytical and numerical study of natural convection in a shallow rectangular cavity filled with nanofluids. Neumann boundary conditions for temperature are applied to the vertical walls of the enclosure while the two horizontal ones are assumed insulated. Three types of nanoparticles are taken into consideration: Cu, Al2O3and TiO2. Various models are used for calculating the effective viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The governing parameters for the problem are the thermal Rayleigh number, Ra, the Prandtl number Pr, the aspect ratio of the cavity,Aand the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles, Φ. In the first part of the analytical study a scale analysis of the present problem is made. In the second part analytical solutions are obtained, in the limit of an infinite layer ($A\gg 1$), for the stream function and temperature fields. The analytical model relies on the assumption of a parallel flow approximation in the core region of the cavity and an integral form of the energy equation in the end regions. In the high Rayleigh number regime a good agreement is obtained between the predictions of the scale analysis and those of the analytical solution. Numerical solutions of the full governing equations are obtained for a wide range of the governing parameters. A good agreement is observed between the analytical model and the numerical simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann method.Cet article présente une étude analytique et numérique de la convection naturelle dans une cavité rectangulaire peu profonde remplie de nanofluides. Les conditions aux limites de Neumann pour la température sont appliquées sur les parois verticales de l'enceinte tandis que les deux parois horizontales sont supposées isolées. Trois types de nanoparticules sont pris en considération: Cu, Al2O3et TiO2. Divers modèles sont utilisés pour le calcul de la viscosité et la conductivité thermique effective du nanofluide. Les paramètres régissant le problème sont le nombre de Rayleigh thermique, Ra, le nombre de Prandtl Pr, le facteur de forme de la cavité, A et la fraction volumique de nanoparticules solides, phi. Dans la première partie de l'étude analytique une analyse d'échelle du problème est réalisée. Dans la deuxième partie les solutions analytiques sont obtenues, dans la limite d'une couche infinie, pour la fonction de courant et les champs de température. Le modèle de la solution repose sur l'hypothèse de l'écoulement parallèle dans la région centrale de la cavité et sur un bilan de conservation d'énergie dans les extrémités. Pour des nombres de Rayleigh assez élevés un bon accord est obtenu entre les prédictions de l'analyse d'échelle et ceux de la solution analytique. Des solutions numériques des équations complètes sont obtenues pour une large gamme des paramètres de contrôle. Un bon accord est observé entre le modèle analytique et les simulations numériques basées sur la méthode de Lattice Boltzmann. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
CO2–CH4 phase equilibria on modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes using Gibbs excess energy models based on vacancy solution theory
Authors: Ghaznavi Farzaneh , Fatemi Shohreh , Joda Marzieh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCO2 and CH4 equilibrium adsorption are predicted by Excess Gibbs energy models based on vacancy solution theory, for single and binary mixture on Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) functioned by –NH2 group. The experimental data of single gas adsorption isotherms were obtained at moderate pressures and temperatures using the volumetric method in a static gaseous set up. Firstly, the equilibrium pressures related to the adsorbed amounts, for single gases, were correlated on Wilson and Flory–Huggins activity coefficient equations based on vacancy solution theory and the model parameters were determined by fitting the model on the experimental data. Secondly, the pure component parameters were implemented in extended Wilson and Flory–Huggins equations for CO2 and CH4 mixture to predict the gas–solid phase equilibria. The results showed fairly good agreement between the experiments and both Gibbs models. Finally, the studied models were compared with the popular model of Extended Langmuir. The results revealed more accurately and precisely prediction of Wilson and Flory–Huggins against Langmuir model for mixed gas of CO2 and CH4 on MWCNT–NH2. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Reverse stage shift at a tertiary care center
Authors: Silberstein Jonathan L. , Vickers Andrew J. , Power Nicholas E. , Fine Samson W. , Scardino Peter T. , Eastham James A. , Laudone Vincent P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in clinical and pathologic characteristics of prostate cancer in patients who underwent surgery at a large tertiary care center in the context of increased use of active surveillance (AS) and minimally invasive surgery (MIS).METHODS:The authors retrospectively reviewed 6624 patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2000 to 2010 at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center. Patients were stratified by surgical approach (open, laparoscopic, or robotic) and by risk category (low, intermediate, or high). Patients with low‐risk disease, without intervention, and with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months were considered to have elected AS.RESULTS:The number of patients who had AS increased from <20 per year between 2000 and 2004 to ≥100 per year between 2007 and 2009. Over the same decade, the number of patients who underwent MIS (laparoscopic or robotic) increased from zero to 63% of all surgical cases. The percentage of patients in the intermediate‐risk and high‐risk categories increased over time, whereas the percentage of patients in the low‐risk category decreased (odds ratio [OR] per year, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89‐0.92; P < .0005). The proportion of patients who underwent surgery with Gleason 6 tumors decreased over time (OR per year, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.85‐0.88; P < .0005), whereas pathologic stage and Gleason score increased (P < .0005). The proportion of low‐risk patients decreased across all types of surgery, and the largest decrease was observed for robotic surgery (P < .0005).CONCLUSIONS:A reverse stage shift was observed in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy after 2000 despite the introduction and rapid proliferation of MIS. This shift may have been caused in part by the increased use of AS and an institutional focus on the treatment of higher risk disease. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the incidence of brain metastasis in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Verma Jonathan , Jonasch Eric , Allen Pamela , Tannir Nizar , Mahajan Anita 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study was designed to evaluate the impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on incidence of brain metastasis (brain metastasis) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC).METHODS:All patients who presented with mRCC but no brain metastasis in the intervals 2002 to 2003 and 2006 to 2007 were identified using the institutional tumor registry. The following data were collected: age, sex, Fuhrman grade, disease sites, nephrectomy, systemic therapy including TKIs (sorafenib or sunitinib), Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center risk category, brain metastasis treatment, and vital status. Statistical analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan‐Meier method.RESULTS:Of the 338 patients who were identified; 154 (46%) were treated with a TKI before brain metastasis, and 184 (54%) were not. There were no significant differences in age, histology, nephrectomy, involved sites of disease other than lung, or Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center risk category between the groups. Median OS was longer in the TKI‐treated group (25 months vs 12.1 months, P < .0001). In multivariate analysis, TKI treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38‐0.74; P < .001) was associated with improved OS. Forty‐four (13%) patients developed a brain metastasis, including 29 (15.8%) of the non‐TKI group and 15 (9.7%) of the TKI group. The 5‐year actuarial rate of brain metastasis was 40% versus 17%, respectively (P < .001). TKI treatment was associated with lower incidence of brain metastasis in Cox multivariate analysis (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21‐0.73; P = .003). Lung metastasis increased the risk of brain metastasis (HR, 9.61; 95% CI, 2.97‐31.1; P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:Treatment with TKI agents reduces the incidence of brain metastasis in mRCC. Lung metastasis is a risk factor for brain metastasis development. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Sciatic nerve transection triggers release and intercellular transfer of a genetically expressed macromolecular tracer in dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Bráz João M. , Ackerman Larry , Basbaum Allan I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe recently developed a genetic transneuronal tracing approach that allows for the study of circuits that are altered by nerve injury. We generated transgenic (ZW‐X) mice in which expression of a transneuronal tracer, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), is induced in primary sensory neurons, but only after transection of their peripheral axon. By following the transneuronal transport of the tracer into the central nervous system (CNS) we can label the circuits that are engaged by the WGA‐expressing damaged neurons. Here we used the ZW‐X mouse line to analyze dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for intraganglionic connections between injured sensory neurons and their neighboring “intact” neurons. Because neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression is strongly induced in DRG neurons after peripheral axotomy, we crossed the ZW‐X mouse line with a mouse that expresses Cre recombinase under the influence of the NPY promoter. As expected, sciatic nerve transection triggered WGA expression in NPY‐positive DRG neurons, most of which are of large diameter. As expected, double labeling for ATF‐3, a marker of cell bodies with damaged axons, showed that the tracer predominated in injured (i.e., axotomized) neurons. However, we also found the WGA tracer in DRG cell bodies of uninjured sensory neurons. Importantly, in the absence of nerve injury there was no intraganglionic transfer of WGA. Our results demonstrate that intraganglionic, cell‐to‐cell communication, via transfer of large molecules, occurs between the cell bodies of injured and neighboring noninjured primary afferent neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2648–2657, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sites of origin and developmental dynamics of the neurons in the core and shell regions of torus semicircularis in the chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)
Authors: Xi Chao , Chen Qiong , Zeng Shao‐Ju , Lin Yu‐Tao , Huang Yu‐Fang , Liu Yu , Zhang Xin‐Wen , Zuo Ming‐Xue 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTo know the embryogenesis of the core and shell regions of the midbrain auditory nucleus, a single dose of [3H]‐thymidine was injected into the turtle embryos at peak stages of neurogenesis in the shell and core of the torus semicircularis. Following sequential survival times, labeled neurons and the dynamics of cell proliferation were examined. The expression of vimentin (VM), reelin, calbindin, parvalbumin, and substance P were also studied. The results showed that: 1) progenitor cells for the core and shell regions were generated in different sites of the ventricular zone; 2) the length of the cell cycle or S‐phase for the shell region were both longer than those for the core region (4.7 and 3.2 hours longer, respectively), suggesting that mitotic activity in the core region is higher than it is in the shell region; 3) the elongated cell bodies of the labeled core and shell cells had close apposition to VM fibers, suggesting that the migration of these cells is guided by VM fibers; 4) the germinal sites of the core and shell constructed by projecting the orientation of radial VM fibers back to the ventricular zone was consistent with those obtained by short and sequential survival [3H]‐thymidine radiography; and 5) the beginning of positive staining for parvalbumin in the core region was interposed between those for calbindin and substance P in the shell regions. This study contributes to the understanding of how auditory nuclei are organized and how their components developed and evolved. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2677–2696, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adolescent binge alcohol exposure alters hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation in rats: Effects on cell cycle kinetics
Authors: McClain Justin A. , Hayes Dayna M. , Morris Stephanie A. , Nixon Kimberly 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBinge alcohol exposure in adolescent rats potently inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis by altering neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and survival; however, it is not clear whether alcohol results in an increase or decrease in net proliferation. Thus, the effects of alcohol on hippocampal NPC cell cycle phase distribution and kinetics were assessed in an adolescent rat model of an alcohol use disorder. Cell cycle distribution was measured using a combination of markers (Ki‐67, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and phosphohistone H3) to determine the proportion of NPCs within G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Cell cycle kinetics were calculated using a cumulative bromodeoxyuridine injection protocol to determine the effect of alcohol on cell cycle length and S‐phase duration. Binge alcohol exposure reduced the proportion of NPCs in S‐phase, but had no effect on G1 or G2/M phases, indicating that alcohol specifically targets S‐phase of the cell cycle. Cell cycle kinetics studies revealed that alcohol reduced NPC cell cycle duration by 36% and shortened S‐phase by 62%, suggesting that binge alcohol exposure accelerates progression through the cell cycle. This effect would be expected to increase NPC proliferation, which was supported by a slight, but significant increase in the number of Sox‐2+ NPCs residing in the hippocampal subgranular zone following binge alcohol exposure. These studies suggest the mechanism of alcohol inhibition of neurogenesis and also reveal the earliest evidence of the compensatory neurogenesis reaction that has been observed a week after binge alcohol exposure. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2697–2710, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexually dimorphic expression of hypothalamic estrogen receptors α and β and kiss1 in neonatal male and female rats
Authors: Cao Jinyan , Patisaul Heather B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRelease of gonadotropins in adult rodents is sex specific and dependent upon kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons. This crucial pathway within the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis is profoundly influenced by neonatal estrogens, which induce a male‐like phenotype. Classically, estrogen activity is mediated via the estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ), but the relative roles each plays in organizing the sex‐specific ontogeny of kisspeptin signaling pathways remain unresolved. Thus, the present study used in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) to map the temporal and sexually dimorphic neonatal mRNA expression profiles of ERα, ERβ, and Kiss1 in the anterioventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), medial preoptic area (MPOA), ventromedial nucleus (VMN), and arcuate nucleus (ARC), all regions critical for kisspeptin regulation of gonadotropin secretion. In general, females had higher levels of ERα, in all regions examined, a sex difference that persisted until postnatal day (PND) 19 except in the ARC. Males had significantly more ERβ expression in the AVPV at birth, but this sex difference was lost and then re‐emerged on PND 19, with females having more than males. VMN ERβ levels were higher in females until PND 19. Kiss1 was not detectable until PND 11 in the anterior hypothalamus, but expression levels were equivalent at birth in the ARC. By PND 2, ARC ERα and Kiss1 levels were abundant, sexually dimorphic (higher in females), and, respectively, showed a U‐ and a bell‐shaped pattern with age. Sex differences in ARC Kiss1 expression provide evidence that Kiss1 may play a role in the sexual dimorphic organization of the neonatal brain. These detailed profiles of neonatal Kiss1 and ERs mRNA levels will help elucidate the relative roles each plays in the sex‐specific, estrogen‐dependent organization of gonadotropin signaling pathways. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2954–2977, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of the drosophila taurine/aspartate transporter dEAAT2 in selective olfactory and gustatory perceptions
Authors: Besson M.T. , Sinakevitch I. , Melon C. , Iché‐Torres M. , Birman S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractExcitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are membrane proteins involved in the uptake of neurotransmitter amino acids in the nervous system. The Drosophila
dEAAT2 gene was previously described to encode a taurine/aspartate transporter. To analyze further the expression pattern and physiological function of this protein, we generated transgenic flies containing either the dEAAT2 promoter region fused to GAL4 (dEAAT2‐GAL4) or a transgene allowing expression of a dEAAT2::GFP fusion protein (UAS‐dEAAT2::GFP). We observed that dEAAT2‐GAL4 expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) in neurons in central and peripheral structures of third‐instar larvae and adult flies. Labeled neurons were found in olfactory and gustatory pathways, in which dEAAT2::GFP was detected from the dendrites of the sensory neurons up to the first‐ and second‐order centers. dEAAT2‐GAL4 is also expressed in mechanosensory neurons. We found that a viable piggyBac insertion strain disrupts dEAAT2 expression. This mutant appears morphologically normal and presents no locomotor or phototaxis impairments; however, its brain taurine level is significantly reduced compared with that of wild‐type flies. The dEAAT2 mutant showed decreased avoidance behavior in the presence of high concentration of propionic acid compared with wild‐type flies, but no modification of the avoidance response to benzaldehyde. In gustatory tests, both mutant and control flies were normally attracted to sucrose; however, the dEAAT2 mutant presented a higher salt sensitivity, being repulsed by low and high salt concentrations. Therefore, we conclude that dEAAT2 does function as a taurine transporter in vivo and that this protein is physiologically required for the sensory perception of specific environmental molecules. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2734–2757, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved compensation in flow cytometry by multivariable optimization
Authors: Sugár István P. , González‐Lergier Joanna , Sealfon Stuart C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractConventional compensation of flow cytometry (FMC) data of an N‐stained sample requires additional data sets, of N single‐stained control samples, to estimate the spillover coefficients. Single‐stained controls however are the least rigorous controls because any of the multi‐stained controls are closer to the N‐stained sample. In this article, a new, optimization based, compensation method has been developed that is able to use not only single‐ but also multi‐stained controls to improve estimates of the spillover coefficients. The method is demonstrated on a data set from five‐stained dentritic cells (DCs) with five single‐stained and eight multi‐stained controls. This approach is practical and leads to significant improvements in FCM compensation. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry