bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the participant‐support method for information acquisition in the “Multiplex Risk Communicator”
Authors: Watanabe Tomohiro , Yamamoto Yuji , Yajima Hiroshi , Sasaki Ryoichi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a smooth risk communication support method for the Multiplex Risk Communicator. There has been a diversification of the social risks to the information‐based society, leading to complex social issues, and risk communication is necessary in order to solve the complicated social problems that arise concerning stakeholders with various levels of knowledge and differing standards regarding risks.We introduce a portal system that assists participants to achieve an optimal combination of countermeasures. The characteristics of the proposed method are: first, to classify the stage when participants acquire information; second, to enable smooth transitions during the information acquisition stage; and third, to support information acquisition by offering information portals. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(9): 24–35, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10092
Nonlinear dielectric properties of yeast cells cultured in different environment conditions
Authors: Kawanishi Gomon , Fukuda Naoki , Muraji Masafumi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe harmonics of an electric current passing through a yeast suspension exhibit particular patterns according to the biological activity of the cells, constituting the nonlinear dielectric response of yeast cells, and the measurement of these patterns is a technique for determining the activity of living cells. The concentrations of glucose and oxygen in yeast culture medium influence whether fermentation or respiration of the yeast cells occurs. Measurements were made with yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cultured aerobically and anaerobically at sufficient glucose concentrations (aerobic and anaerobic fermentation), and also under aerobic conditions at a limited glucose concentration (respiration). The results showed that the harmonics were barely detectable for yeast cells in aerobic fermentation and respiration, but that cells in anaerobic fermentation produced substantial third and fifth harmonics. It is inferred that environmental conditions affect yeast cells' nonlinear dielectric response; furthermore, it appears that measurement of these nonlinear properties may be an effective means of determining the activity of yeast cells adjusted to the conditions of their cultivation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(9): 17–23, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10094
Benzothiazolin‐2‐ylidene and Azole Mixed‐Ligand Complexes of Palladium
Authors: Yen Swee Kuan , Koh Lip Lin , Huynh Han Vinh , Hor T. S. Andy 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA series of mixed‐ligand, mononuclear complexes trans‐[PdX2(NSHC)(azole)] [NSHC = N,S‐heterocyclic carbene; azole = imidazole, 1‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐1H‐imidazole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole] have been prepared and characterised by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. These complexes catalyse the sp2–sp3 cross‐coupling of fluoroaryl halides with arylboronic acid to give diarylmethanes with good yields and high turnovers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Bromination of Non‐α‐Tocopherols: A Comparative Synthetic, Kinetic and Computational Study
Authors: Patel Anjan , Böhmdorfer Stefan , Hofinger Andreas , Netscher Thomas , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe bromination chemistry of the three non‐α‐tocopherols and of their truncated model compounds in apolar solvents was extensively studied and compared to that of the α‐congener. Bromination occurs at free aromatic positions for all non‐α‐tocopherols. In the case of δ‐tocopherol, there is a preference for C‐5 over C‐7. In the presence of a 5‐methyl substituent, as in β‐tocopherol, formation of the 5a‐bromo derivative by an oxidation/addition mechanism via the corresponding o‐quinone methide becomes a competitive process. By measurement of product ratios at different temperatures, the relative and absolute activation energies of the reaction systems with parallel reactions going on (β‐ and δ‐tocopherol) were established. The kinetic data were in very good agreement with DFT results that showed the product ratio for δ‐tocopherol bromination to correlate with the stabilities of the cationic bromination intermediates. All products were comprehensively characterized, providing reliable analytical standards and reference compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Conditional versus unconditional mean‐squared prediction errors for Gaussian processes with constant but unknown mean
Authors: Cullmann Andreas Dominik , Saborowski Joachim 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFor prediction in a Gaussian random field, we give an explicit formulation of the conditional mean‐squared prediction error (cmspe). If the prediction method is ordinary kriging, we find that this error in most applications is likely to be very close to the ordinary kriging variance. This is additionally demonstrated based on a case study. Finally, we discuss the difference between these two errors compared to the error introduced by using estimated instead of true covariance parameters. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic comparison of a Croatian isolate and CEPH European founders
Authors: Navarro Pau , Vitart Véronique , Hayward Caroline , Tenesa Albert , Zgaga Lina , Juricic Danica , Polasek Ozren , Hastie Nicholas D. , Rudan Igor , Campbell Harry , Wright Alan F. , Haley Chris S. , Knott Sara A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHuman isolates have been postulated as a good resource for the identification of QTL due to reduced genetic diversity and a more homogeneous environment. Isolates may also have increased linkage disequilibrium (LD) due to small effective population size and, either loss or increase in frequency of alleles that are rare in the general population from which they originate. Here we investigate the difference in allele and genotype frequencies, LD and homozygous tracts between an isolate—several villages from the island of Vis in Croatia—and an outbred population of European origin: the Hapmap CEPH founders. Using the HumanHap300 v1 Genotyping BeadChip, we show that our population does not differ greatly from the reference CEU outbred population despite having a slightly higher proportion of monomorphic loci, a slightly higher long‐range LD, and a greater proportion of individuals with long homozygous tracts. We conclude that genotyping arrays should perform equally well in our isolate as in outbred European populations for disease mapping studies and that SNP–trait associations discovered in our well‐characterized Croatian isolate should be valid in the general European population from which they descend. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 140–145, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cross‐validation procedure for general pedigrees and matched odds ratio fitness metric implemented for the multifactor dimensionality reduction pedigree disequilibrium test
Authors: Edwards Todd L. , Torstensen Eric , Dudek Scott , Martin Eden R. , Ritchie Marylyn D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAs genetic epidemiology looks beyond mapping single disease susceptibility loci, interest in detecting epistatic interactions between genes has grown. The dimensionality and comparisons required to search the epistatic space and the inference for a significant result pose challenges for testing epistatic disease models. The multifactor dimensionality reduction–pedigree disequilibrium test (MDR‐PDT) was developed to test for multilocus models in pedigree data. In the present study we rigorously tested MDR‐PDT with new cross‐validation (CV) (both 5‐ and 10‐fold) and omnibus model selection algorithms by simulating a range of heritabilities, odds ratios, minor allele frequencies, sample sizes, and numbers of interacting loci. Power was evaluated using 100, 500, and 1,000 families, with minor allele frequencies 0.2 and 0.4 and broad‐sense heritabilities of 0.005, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1 for 2‐ and 3‐locus purely epistatic penetrance models. We also compared the prediction error (PE) measure of effect with a predicted matched odds ratio (MOR) for final model selection and testing. We report that the CV procedure is valid with the permutation test, MDR‐PDT performs similarly with 5‐ and 10‐fold CV, and that the MOR is more powerful than PE as the fitness metric for MDR‐PDT. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 194–199, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association tests using kernel‐based measures of multi‐locus genotype similarity between individuals
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Indranil , Feingold Eleanor , Weeks Daniel E. , Thalamuthu Anbupalam 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn a genetic association study, it is often desirable to perform an overall test of whether any or all single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a gene are associated with a phenotype. Several such tests exist, but most of them are powerful only under very specific assumptions about the genetic effects of the individual SNPs. In addition, some of the existing tests assume that the direction of the effect of each SNP is known, which is a highly unlikely scenario. Here, we propose a new kernel‐based association test of joint association of several SNPs. Our test is non‐parametric and robust, and does not make any assumption about the directions of individual SNP effects. It can be used to test multiple correlated SNPs within a gene and can also be used to test independent SNPs or genes in a biological pathway. Our test uses an analysis of variance paradigm to compare variation between cases and controls to the variation within the groups. The variation is measured using kernel functions for each marker, and then a composite statistic is constructed to combine the markers into a single test. We present simulation results comparing our statistic to the U‐statistic‐based method by Schaid et al. ([2005] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 76:780–793) and another statistic by Wessel and Schork ([2006] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 79:792–806). We consider a variety of different disease models and assumptions about how many SNPs within the gene are actually associated with disease. Our results indicate that our statistic has higher power than other statistics under most realistic conditions. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 213–221, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender differences in the relationship between depression and cardiac autonomic function among community elderly
Authors: Chen Hsi‐Chung , Yang Cheryl C. H. , Kuo Terry B. J. , Su Tung‐Ping , Chou Pesus 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe mechanism underlying the differential effect of depression on morbidity and mortality in men and women remains unknown. This survey was designed to examine gender effects on the relationship between depressive symptoms and cardiac autonomic function among community dwelling elderly.MethodsSix hundred and six randomly selected community‐dwelling elderly men and women  ≥ 65 years of age were enrolled. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Cardiac autonomic function was evaluated by measuring heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Frequency‐domain indices of HRV were obtained.ResultsAmong the subjects, 58.4% were male with a mean age of 77.9 years. Stratified analyses by gender revealed a dose–response association between depressive symptoms and lower cardiac vagal control among elderly males (p = 0.003). Male subjects with mild depressive symptoms (depression scores: 5–6) showed prominent cardiac sympathetic predominance compared with the reference group (depression scores: < 5) (p = 0.005). In contrast, these findings did not exist among elderly females.ConclusionsThe association of depressive symptoms with poor cardiac vagal control and sympathetic predominance was more robust among elderly males than females. This finding may help explain gender differences in the association of depression with morbidity and mortality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of reminiscence therapy on psychological well‐being, depression, and loneliness among the institutionalized aged
Authors: Chiang Kai‐Jo , Chu Hsin , Chang Hsiu‐Ju , Chung Min‐Huey , Chen Chung‐Hua , Chiou Hung‐Yi , Chou Kuei‐Ru 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the effects of reminiscence therapy on psychological well‐being, depression, and loneliness among institutionalized elderly people.MethodsIn an experimental study design, 92 institutionalized elderly people aged 65 years and over were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. Those participants in the experimental group received reminiscence therapy eight times during 2 months to examine the effects of this therapy on their psychological well‐being.ResultsAfter providing the reminiscence therapy to the elderly in the experimental group, a significant positive short‐term effect (3 months follow‐up) on depression, psychological well‐being, and loneliness, as compared to those in the comparison group was found.ConclusionsReminiscence therapy in this study sample improved socialization, induced feelings of accomplishment in participants, and assisted to ameliorate depression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatiotemporal mapping of sex differences during attentional processing
Authors: Neuhaus Andres H. , Opgen‐Rhein Carolin , Urbanek Carsten , Gross Melanie , Hahn Eric , Ta Thi Minh Tam , Koehler Simone , Dettling Michael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFunctional neuroimaging studies have increasingly aimed at approximating neural substrates of human cognitive sex differences elicited by visuospatial challenge. It has been suggested that females and males use different behaviorally relevant neurocognitive strategies. In females, greater right prefrontal cortex activation has been found in several studies. The spatiotemporal dynamics of neural events associated with these sex differences is still unclear. We studied 22 female and 22 male participants matched for age, education, and nicotine with 29‐channel‐electroencephalogram recorded under a visual selective attention paradigm, the Attention Network Test. Visual event‐related potentials (ERP) were topographically analyzed and neuroelectric sources were estimated. In absence of behavioral differences, ERP analysis revealed a novel frontal‐occipital second peak of visual N100 that was significantly increased in females relative to males. Further, in females exclusively, a corresponding central ERP component at around 220 ms was found; here, a strong correlation between stimulus salience and sex difference of the central ERP component amplitude was observed. Subsequent source analysis revealed increased cortical current densities in right rostral prefrontal (BA 10) and occipital cortex (BA 19) in female subjects. This is the first study to report on a tripartite association between sex differences in ERPs, visual stimulus salience, and right prefrontal cortex activation during attentional processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Propynal Equivalents and Diazopropyne: Synthesis of All Mono‐13C Isotopomers
Authors: Seburg Randal A. , Hodges Jonathan A. , McMahon Robert J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMechanistic and spectroscopic investigations of reactive C3H2 hydrocarbons necessitated the preparation of diazopropyne isotopomers bearing mono‐13C substitution at each of the three unique positions. The diazo compounds and their tosylhydrazone precursors were prepared from the mono‐13C isotopomers of propynal (in the form of either the aldehyde or the diethyl acetal). The introduction of 13C‐labeling at either alkyne position in propynal utilized the Corey–Fuchs procedure for chain homologation.
Bioactive Cytochalasins from Aspergillus flavipes, an Endophytic Fungus Associated with the Mangrove Plant Acanthus ilicifolius
Authors: Lin Zhen‐Jian , Zhang Guo‐Jian , Zhu Tian‐Jiao , Liu Rui , Wei Hong‐Juan , Gu Qian‐Qun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFive new cytochalasins, Z16–Z20 (1–5), and three known ones, 6–8, were isolated from Aspergillus flavipes, an endophytic fungus associated with Acanthus ilicifolius. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectral analysis. Cytochalasin Z17 (2) and rosellichalasin (8) showed cytotoxic activities against A‐549 cell lines with IC50 values of 5.6 and 7.9 μM, respectively.
Acylglycerols (=Glycerides) from the Glandular Trichome Exudate on the Leaves of Paulownia tomentosa
Authors: Asai Teigo , Hara Noriyuki , Kobayashi Sawa , Kohshima Shiro , Fujimoto Yoshinori 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChemical investigations of the glandular trichome exudates on the leaves of Paulownia tomentosa (Scrophulariaceae) led to the identification of the thirty acylglycerols (=glycerides) 1–30, including five known ones (2, 3, 6, 9, and 15) (Fig. 1). Spectroscopic analysis combined with GC/MS studies of the glycerides and the liberated fatty acids, in the form of trimethylsilyl ether derivatives and trimethylsilylated methyl esters, respectively, established that the constituents belonged to 1,3‐di‐O‐acetyl‐2‐O‐(fatty acyl)glycerols, 1‐O‐acetyl‐2‐O‐(fatty acyl)‐sn‐glycerols, and 2‐O‐(fatty acyl)glycerols, wherein the fatty acyl moiety was either an eicosanoyl or an octadecanoyl group bearing OH and/or AcO groups at the 3‐, 3,6‐, 3,7‐, 3,8‐, or 3,9‐positions. The 1‐O‐acetyl‐2‐O‐[(3R,6S)‐3‐(acetyloxy)‐6‐hydroxyeicosanoyl]‐sn‐glycerol (12; 20% of the total glycerides), 2‐O‐[(3R,8R)‐3,8‐bis(acetyloxy)eicosanoyl]glycerol (17; 14%), 2‐O‐[(3R,9R)‐3,9‐bis(acetyloxy)eicosanoyl]glycerol (18; 12%), and 2‐O‐[(3R)‐3‐(acetyloxy)eicosanoyl]glycerol (10; 12%) were relatively abundant constituents. The configurations of the stereogenic centers of the fatty acyl moieties were determined by 1H‐NMR analysis of the monoesters obtained from (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)‐2‐methoxyacetic acid ((R)‐ and (S)‐2NMAOH and the hydroxy‐substituted fatty acid methyl esters (Fig. 2). The configuration at C(2) of the glycerol moiety of the 1‐O‐acetyl‐2‐O‐(fatty acyl)glycerols was determined to be (2S) by chemical conversion of, e.g., G‐2 (=2/3 1 : 10) to (+)‐3‐O‐[tert‐butyl)diphenylsilyl]‐sn glycerol of known absolute configuration.
A Convenient Synthesis of Imidazolidin‐4‐ones via Domino Reactions
Authors: Chen Xueming , Wei Hui , Chen Yunyun , Li Xingshu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA series of imidazolidin‐4‐one derivatives was synthesized via a domino reaction of aldiminoesters and dialkylzinc. Chiral ligands were also examined in this reaction to obtain optically active products.
Three New Alkaloids from the Leaves of Uncaria rhynchophylla
Authors: Ma Bin , Wu Chun‐Fu , Yang Jing‐Yu , Wang Rui , Kano Yoshihiro , Yuan Dan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThree new alkaloids, 2′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐11‐hydroxyvincoside lactam (1), 22‐O‐demethyl‐22‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylisocorynoxeine (2), and (4S)‐corynoxeine N‐oxide (3) were isolated from the leaves of Uncaria rhynchophylla, together with four known tetracyclic oxindole or indole alkaloids, isocorynoxeine N‐oxide (4), rhynchophylline N‐oxide (5), isorhynchophylline N‐oxide (6), and dihydrocorynantheine (7), and an indole alkaloid glycoside, strictosidine (8). The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, ESI‐TOF‐MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, as well as CD experiments. The activity assay showed that 8 (IC50=8.3 μM) exhibited potent inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)‐induced nitrogen monoxide (NO) release in N9 microglia cells. However, only weak inhibitory activities were observed for 1–7 (IC50>100 μM for 1–6 or >30 μM for 7).
Absolute Conformations of the (−)‐[9](2,5)Pyridinophane Molecule
Authors: Fedorovsky Maxim , Gerlach Hans , Hug Werner 
Published: August 2009

Abstract[9](2,5)Pyridinophane was first synthesized, and its enantiomers were separated, more than 40 years ago, but the molecule's absolute conformations could not be determined up to now. We show here, by the comparison of measured and computed vibrational optical activity (VOA), that the CIP descriptor (P) applies to the (−)‐enantiomer. This assignment is based on the VOA of bands from vibrations localized on the pyridine ring bent by the tense (CH2)9 chain extending from position 2 to 5. The VOA of vibrations localized on the chain is in agreement with this assignment. Its behavior differs from the VOA of the bent pyridine ring, and conclusions drawn from the chain's VOA alone would not be sufficient, because the close‐to‐enantiomorphic geometries of the chain present in some of the 14 conformers of (−)‐[9](2,5)pyridinophane lead to VOA with an opposite sign. Understanding of how VOA is generated is crucial for the unambiguous assignment of the molecule's absolute conformations.
Two New Alkaloids from Incarvillea sinensis
Authors: Huang Da‐Sen , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Pei Yue‐Hu , Peng Xiao‐Yang , Huang Zheng‐Sheng , Li Hui‐Liang , Shen Yun‐Heng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo new alkaloids, incarvines E (1) and F (2), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the whole plant of Incarvillea sinensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR.
Alkaloids from the Leaves and Stems of Daphniphyllum calycinum
Authors: Zhan Zha‐Jun , Rao Gui‐Wei , Hou Xiao‐Rong , Li Cheng‐Ping , Shan Wei‐Guang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOne new alkaloid, named caldaphnidine H (1), together with eight known ones, daphnioldhanin G (2a), methyl homosecodaphniphyllate (3), daphnezomine M (4), daphniyunine A (5), calyciphylline A (6), deoxycalyciphylline B (7), deoxyisocalyciphylline B (8), and calyciphylline B (9) was isolated from the leaves and stems of Daphniphyllum calycinum. The structure of 1 was established by spectral methods, especially 2D‐NMR techniques. The structure of daphnioldhanin G (2b) reported previously was revised to 2a mainly by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and spectral analysis.
Three Unusual New Sesquiterpenes from Alpinia oxyphylla
Authors: Xu Jun‐Ju , Tan Ning‐Hua , Chen Yi‐Shan , Pan Xu‐Lin , Zeng Guang‐Zhi , Han Hong‐Jin , Ji Chang‐Jiu , Zhu Mei‐Ju 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo new norcadinene sesquiterpenes oxyphyllones C and D (1 and 2, resp.), and one new 1,10‐secoguaiane sesquiterpene, (+)‐mandassidion (3), together with two known compounds, oxyphyllenodiol B (4) and (1R,2R)‐p‐menth‐3‐ene‐1,2‐diol (5), were isolated from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 2D‐NMR spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 exhibited no cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines.
Lignans from the Bark of Zanthoxylum planispinum
Authors: Yang Guang‐Zhong , Hu Yun , Yang Bo , Chen Yu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA new dimeric lignan, named biplanispine A (1) which represents the first example of a dimeric 2,6‐diaryl‐3,7‐dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane skeleton from a Rutaceae plant, together with 13 known lignans 2–14, was isolated from the bark of Zanthoxylum planispinum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D‐NMR techniques. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities by the disc diffusion method. Compounds 7 and 9 showed interesting antibacterial activities at 200 μg/disc; they were as effective as kanamycin sulfate at 10 μg/disc against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.