bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ronald J. Manheimer, Denise D. Snodgrass and Diane Moskow-McKenzie (eds.). Older Adult Education: A Guide to Research, Programs and Policies. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995, pp. 245, $65U.S.
Authors: Oussoren John 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉOlder Adult Education: A Guide to Research, Programs and Policies est un guide complet et très bien fait sur le secteur de l'éducation des aînés aux États-Unis. Les auteurs, Ronald J. Manheimer, directeur exécutif du North Carolina Center for Creative Retirement de l'Université de Caroline du Nord, à Asheville (l'un des principaux centres d'éducation des adultes en Amérique du Nord) et Denise D. Snodgrass, directrice-adjointe du méme centre, avec l' aide de Diane Moskow-McKenzie, apportent une contribution importante à la documentation portant sur l'éducation des aînés. Dans ce volume utile mais coûteux, les auteurs tracent le bilan de 40 années de recherches, de programmes et de politiques dans le secteur de l'éducation des aînés. Les antécédents et l'expertise de Manheimer en philosophie (professeur associé de recherche à l'Université de Caroline du Nord) font également de cet ouvrage bien plus qu'un simple outil de recherche présentant les différents programmes d'éducation des aînés aux États-Unis. C'est également une analyse pertinente des hypothèses idéologiques non-vérifiées qui sous-tendent une grande partie des pratiques nord-américaines en matière d'éducation des aînés. Le lien entre les programmes d'éducation des aînés et l'épanouissement personnel ainsi que l'émancipation de même que les grands thèmes sociaux comme la justice, le racisme et les relations intergénérationnelles sont explorés de façon exemplaire.
Bridging the Knowledge Gap: From Evidence to Policy and Practice that Fosters Seniors' Independence
Authors: Shapiro Evelyn , Havens Betty 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCette synthèse vise à mettre en relief certaines conclusions des autres articles de ce numéro et à démontrer de quelle façon on peut les utiliser dans la conception de politiques et de soins de santé qui mettront de l'avant une réforme assurant l'autonomie des aîné(e)s. L'article examine d'abord la réforme de santé et s'y appuie pour commenter les principales conclusions des études du présent numéro. Le débat porte ensuite sur l'importance de la preuve présentée pour l'élaboration des politiques, la planification et les pratiques dans le contexte actuel. Chaque section se termine par la présentation de l'écart pour lequel il faudra faire un examen plus approfondi de la documentation ou sur lequel il faudra pousser la recherche.
What does Solitude Mean to the Aged?
Authors: Delisle Marc-André 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article examines the extent and the meaning of solitude among the aged. A comprehensive study of the foreign, Canadian and Quebec literature was undertaken to prepare this document, but priority was given to the somewhat lesser known investigations originating from Quebec. First, the concepts most often utilized in discussing the phenomena under scrutiny were defined: solitude, social isolation and the feeling of loneliness. Then, the relative importance of each phenomenon was assessed, based on the available data. In order to fully understand the meaning of the facts observed, their causes were also examined. Finally, avenues for future research were proposed. This study suggests that solitude among the elderly is a more complex problem than believed. Even if the isolated and (or) lonely aged are in the minority, this does not mean that all their socio-affective needs are being met. These people spend long periods of time alone and this affects their lives. The problem as such is largely caused by the position the elderly occupy in the society and, in turn, this position probably influences their behaviour. However, gerontologists have scarcely studied this hypothesis. This article then highlights certain aspects of the solitude phenomenon which have so far been overlooked by gerontologists.
Stratégies d'encodage et performances au rappel d'une figure complexe par des sujets âgés normaux
Authors: Ska Bernadette , Nespoulous Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉL'analyse de la copie et du rappel immédiat de la figure complexe de Rey produits par 150 sujets âgés de 20 à 84 ans et répartis en 5 groupes d'âge, suggère que a) la stratégie d'encodage lors de la phase de copie de la figure complexe n'est pas typique d'un âge donné, b) les sujets âgés reproduisent moins lors de la phase d'encodage et recouvrent moins d'eléments lors de la phase de rappel c)jusqu'à 74 ans, il existe une relation entre la stratégie d'encodage et les performances au rappel; par contre, chez les sujets de plus de 75 ans de notre échantillon, les problèmes de mémoire se présentent différemment et la relation entre la stratégie à l'encodage et les résultats au rappel n'est plus significative.
Some Thoughts on the Prevalence and Etiology of Depressive Conditions in the Elderly
Authors: Cappeliez P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article reevaluates the issue of the prevalence of depressive conditions (clinical depressions and depressive symptoms) in the elderly with the help of recent epidemiological data. It then underlines several key aspects of the etiology of depressive conditions of older adults. The perspective is a psychosocial analysis, which considers the etiological contributions of three types of factors: the socio-demographic status of the person, life events, and the resources of the person. The article concludes by delineating the implications for research in this area.
S.A. Cusack and W.J.A. Thompson. Leadership for Older Adults: Aging with Purpose and Passion. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1999.
Authors: Haber David 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉÀ lire absolument!…. Cusack et Thompson tentent, de façon audacieuse et remarquable, d'intégrer une théorie sur le leadership, la motivation et l'organisation à leurs propres efforts empiriques et à d'autres recherches en matière de leadership des aîné(e)s. Les auteurs partent du principe que les organismes de retraite sont fondamentalement différents de tout autre type d'organisation et qu'il vaut mieux favoriser un milieu de prise en charge personnelle pour les aîné(e)s que de se plier à la structure et au fonctionnement d'une organisation traditionnelle du travail.Le lecteur n'apas à accepter ces hypothèses ni à partager les valeurs qui en découlent pour apprécier les ressources du livre. Il faut en particulier souligner l'intérêt du dernier chapitre qui porte sur la pratique du leadership. Ce livre constitue un outil précieux à consulter fréquemment
The Psychology of Aging: Canadian Research in an International Context
Authors: Dixon Roger A. , Cohen Anna-Lisa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe psychology of aging includes a variety of theoretical perspectives, methodological conventions, and techniques and targets of application. Psychological aging-related processes include phenomena from such disparate domains as neurological, sensory, physiological, physical health, mental health, cognition, personality and affect, social, family, interactional, and coping and adjustment. Canadian researchers actively contribute to these and other research topics and professional issues. We summarize a broad and inclusive model of the psychology of aging and highlight some of the ways in which Canadian research and training reflects and advances numerous pertinent scholarly agendas.
APOCALYPSE NO: Population Aging and The Future of Health Care Systems
Authors: Evans Robert G. , McGrail Kimberlyn M. , Morgan Steven G. , Barer Morris L. , Hertzman Clyde 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIllness increases with age. All else being equal, an older population has greater needs for health care. This logic has led to dire predictions of skyrocketing costs “apocalyptic demography”. Yet numerous studies have shown that aging effects are relatively small, and all else is not equal. Cost projections rest on specific assumptions about trends in age-specific morbidity and health care use that are far from self-evident. Sharply contrasting assumptions, for example, are made by Fries, who foresees a “of morbidity” and falling needs. Long-term trends in health care use in British Columbia show minimal effects of population aging, but major effects, up and down, from changes in age-specific use patterns. Why then is the demographic apocalypse story so persistent, despite numerous contrary studies? It serves identifiable economic interests.
Age Differences in Lay Conceptions of Health and Self-Care Responses to Illness
Authors: Segall Alexander 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper explores lay health care beliefs and practices. More specifically, the research tests the hypothesis that traditional “popular” health beliefs and self care practices are most likely to be found among older persons. Data were obtained through personal interviews with a randomly selected cross-sectional sample of 524 residents of Winnipeg, Canada. Statistical analysis was intended to assess the relationship between age and lay health care beliefs and practices, and to evaluate the relative explanatory power of age compared to other sociodemographic factors; self-reported health status; and medical care contact. The results suggest that the relationship between age and lay conceptions of health and self-care responses to illness is a rather complex one. Furthermore, respondents' age alone explained little of the variance in any of the dependent measures. Finally, this study revealed that although lay self-care beliefs and behaviour exist, they are not limited to older persons.
Organizing for Influence: The Relationship of Structure to Impact
Authors: Neysmith Sheila M. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis case study is an analysis of a mandated municipal senior's group. Earlier work has suggested that variability in effectiveness is related to organizational structures, external forces and the level of institutional change sought.In this study information was obtained on the political, economic and social context within which the group operated; its organizational composition and structure; its objectives and strategies employed to achieve these; and resources available to the group. Outcome was assessed in terms of impact on programs, resource allocation, policy statements, changes in the definition of issues, and influence on decision makers. Data collection methods included non-participant observation; taped interviews with group members and leaders; key informants in the community; and content analysis of written committee documents.
Institutional Racism in Old Age: Theoretical Perspectives and a Case Study About Access to Social Services
Authors: MacLean Micheal J. , Siew Nancy , Fowler Dawn , Graham Ian 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an analysis of access to social and health services of elderly people at three community and social service centres (CLSCs) in Montreal. Workers at the CLSCs were interviewed about service accessibility for elderly people in their neighbourhood. The elderly clientele of one CLSC, located in the centre of Montreal, primarily consists of French-Canadians and English-Canadians; the second CLSC is in a neighbourhood with many elderly Portuguese and the third CLSC is in a neighbourhood where a large concentration of elderly Chinese people live. No problems of access to services were perceived for elderly French-Canadian, English-Canadian or Portuguese people while serious problems of access were perceived for elderly Chinese people. Services provided for elderly people of the dominant cultures and elderly Portuguese are limited or unavailable to elderly Chinese people of Montreal. This suggests institutional racism against elderly Chinese people.
Generations, Age Groups and Cohorts: Conceputal Distinctions
Authors: Marshall Victor W. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTCurrent scholarship in the sociology of age relations suffers from conceptual ambiguity and confusion in the area of age and generational relations. This paper recommends precise definition and use of the terms cohort, generation, age grade, age stratum, age group, and generation groups. Concrete or real definitional constructs are distinguished from nominal constructs and their advantages are described. The central thrust of the paper is a call for a return to the conceptualization of Mannheim about generations and a parallel conceptualization concerning age groups. The usefulness of this approach is discussed in terms of the political sociology of age relations.
Older Adult Perceptions of Attitudes Toward Sex Among the Elderly
Authors: Bond John B. , Tramer Richard R. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTTwo hundred and seventy three married, independently living adults completed an 11-item Likert questionnaire of perceived attitudes of various reference groups toward sexual relations among the elderly. Multivariate analysis of variance of Helmert contrasts revealed no significant age, sex or age X sex interaction effects among the respondents. With the exception of elderly females, the younger the age of the reference group, the less favorable the perceived attitude toward sexual activities among the elderly; the self, the doctor and spouse were seen as more favorable toward sex among the elderly than friends, clergy or children.
Use of Observer-Rated Clinical Indicators of Pain in the Elderly
Authors: Mohide E. Ann , Byles John , Chambers Larry W. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis study's objective was to determine the extent of agreement between experienced Registered Nurses (RNs) and Registered Nursing Assistants (RNAs) in their use of pain indicators in assessing elderly nursing home residents for the presence of pain. Twenty-three pain indicators were judged appropriate by seasoned clinicians for assessment of pain in the elderly. Structured interviews with a card-sort technique were administered to 30 RNs and 30 RNAs from five nursing homes. Respondents were asked to rank the indicators in order of their perceived usefulness. Substantial agreement (Kappa=0.74, p<0.001) was found between the two groups. Personal characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different (p<.05). Clinical, educational and research implications are discussed.
Les stratégies comportementales adoptées par les personnes âgées devant les sentiments dépressifs
Authors: Vézina Jean , Bourque Paul 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTIn the present study, 50 French speaking elderly, living in a home for the aged, were asked to indicate situations which provoked depressive feelings and the strategies they used to cope with these situations. The results show marked differences between the depressed and the non-depressed elderly in the situations that provoke and/or maintain depressive feelings. In regard to the type of strategies reported to cope with depressive feelings, the results show that the depressed elderly not only reported employing fewer strategies, but also noted having less success in coping with these situations. The findings have implications for the clinical assessment and treatment of depression in the elderly.
Affective Discrimination in Moderately to Severely Demented Patients
Authors: Sainsbury Robert S. , Coristine Marjorie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFifteen subjects with moderate or severe dementia failed to recognize pictures of close relatives. When given a simple preference test which involved choosing the picture they liked from a matrix of four pictures they most frequently chose the picture of their relative. This suggests that while recognition memory may be impaired affective memory appears to remain intact.
The Practice of Respite Admissions on a Geriatric Assessment Unit: The Correlates of Successful Outcome
Authors: Zorzitto Maria L. , Ryan David P. , Fisher Rory H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA program of respite admission to a geriatric assessment unit was evaluated through a retrospective review of the medical records of 50 consecutive male respite patients.The demographic and medical characteristics of these patients were examined and their hospital course was reconstructed. The correlates of several outcome variables were also examined. These included: 1) family response 2) the patient's condition at discharge and 3) the location of discharge.The results indicate that although the program was appraised positively by family members, not all patients thrived during the admission and the condition of 22% deteriorated. Age and the incidence of a variety of intercurrent illnesses were among the most significant correlates of outcomes.Finally, several recommendations are provided. These include the need for family counselling, following a pre-admission assessment, and the need for sound principles of geriatric management which can decrease the risk to the patient which appear to arise during a short-term respite admission.
L'article 21 du Code civil du Québec: ses implications sur la recherche en gérontologie
Authors: Bravo Gina , Charpentier Michèle , Dubois Marie-France , De Wals Philippe 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe new Quebec Civil Code came into effect on January 1,1994. This text enacted among other things the new provisions for consent to experimentation. In this article, we summarize these provisions and highlight the necessity of excluding from the majority of research protocols, people unable to consent without legal representative. Thanks to the database of a recent study, we then show that this provision can render certain gerontological studies invalid. This leads us to recommend that the Civil Code be amended in a way to allow impaired persons who are not legally represented to participate in studies that do not pose any serious risk to their health.
Hospitalization in two waves of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in England
Authors: CAMPBELL C. N. J. , MYTTON O. T. , McLEAN E. M. , RUTTER P. D. , PEBODY R. G. , SACHEDINA N. , WHITE P. J. , HAWKINS C. , EVANS B. , WAIGHT P. A. , ELLIS J. , BERMINGHAM A. , DONALDSON L. J. , CATCHPOLE M. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYUncertainties exist regarding the population risks of hospitalization due to pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Understanding these risks is important for patients, clinicians and policy makers. This study aimed to clarify these uncertainties. A national surveillance system was established for patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in England. Information was captured on demographics, pre-existing conditions, treatment and outcomes. The relative risks of hospitalization associated with pre-existing conditions were estimated by combining the captured data with population prevalence estimates. A total of 2416 hospitalizations were reported up to 6 January 2010. Within the population, 4·7 people/100 000 were hospitalized with pandemic influenza A(H1N1). The estimated hospitalization rate of cases showed a U-shaped distribution with age. Chronic kidney disease, chronic neurological disease, chronic respiratory disease and immunosuppression were each associated with a 10- to 20-fold increased risk of hospitalization. Patients who received antiviral medication within 48 h of symptom onset were less likely to be admitted to critical care than those who received them after this time (adjusted odds ratio 0·64, 95% confidence interval 0·44–0·94,P=0·024). In England the risk of hospitalization with pandemic influenza A(H1N1) has been concentrated in the young and those with pre-existing conditions. By quantifying these risks, this study will prove useful in planning for the next winter in the northern and southern hemispheres, and for future pandemics.
Pneumonia and influenza hospitalization in HIV-positive seniors
Authors: MOR S. M. , AMINAWUNG J. A. , DEMARIA A. , NAUMOVA E. N. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYHIV-positive persons and the elderly have increased risk for influenza-related complications, including pneumonia. Using claims data for pneumonia and influenza (P&I) hospitalization in the USA, we described the temporo-demographic trends and in-patient case-fatality in persons aged ⩾65 years by HIV status. Our results showed a near doubling in the fraction of P&I admissions representing HIV-positive persons between 1991 and 2004 [relative risk (RR) 1·95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·80–2·13]. HIV-positive adults were younger (70·3 vs. 79·9 years, P<0·001), and had higher case-fatality (18·0% vs. 12·6%, P<0·001). Adjusting for other variables, case-fatality decreased by 5·8% in HIV-positive persons with the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (P=0·032). However, HIV-positive seniors were still 51% more likely to die during hospitalization than HIV-negative persons in 2004 (OR 1·51, 95% CI 1·23–1·85). HIV-infected persons represent a growing fraction of the elderly population hospitalized with P&I. Additional measures are needed to reduce case-fatality associated with P&I in this population.
Increasing nutritional support for patients undergoing radiation therapy: the radiation therapist perspective
Authors: Dempsey Shane E. , Findlay Naomi , MacDonald-Wicks Lesley 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine radiation therapists’ knowledge on the nutritional management of side effects for patients receiving treatment to the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system and to determine the willingness of radiation therapists’ to participate in nutritional training.Method: A cross-sectional survey at a Radiation Oncology Treatment Centre was performed coupled with a semi-structured interview to explore radiation therapists’ knowledge and experiences related to patient nutritional care.Results: Eighty-one percent of participants agreed that they were often asked by patients for advice on eating. The majority of participants recognised that providing adequate nutrition support would be beneficial in terms of patient outcomes (91%) and ongoing patient compliance with nutrition advice (81%). However, participants demonstrated low confidence in providing nutrition support. Eighty-six percent of radiation therapists had not received any training on nutritional interventions and 100% of radiation therapists were interested in receiving more training.Conclusion: This research indicates that radiations therapists are often asked for nutritional advice by patients and recognise the associated benefits but are not confident in providing advice. Our findings reveal an opportunity for radiation therapists to provide scripted nutrition advice to patients to reinforce recommendations made by dietitian.
A retrospective study on accessibility of palliative radiation therapy in the management of prostate cancer in British Columbia
Authors: Soo Jenny , French John , McGahan Colleen E. , Duncan Graeme , Lengoc Sonca 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTimely administration of palliative radiation therapy (PRT) to manage symptoms derived from advanced prostate cancer is necessary to help alleviate discomfort and improve quality of life. Despite PRT being an effective treatment, analyzing utilization rates in British Columbia (BC), Canada for palliative purposes implies it is an under-utilized medical resource. Access to and utilization of radiation therapy (RT) is lower in remote geographical regions and higher in urban regions where a cancer care facility is close in proximity suggesting the presence of geographical barrier affecting access to health care and services. Equitable access to PRT can be achieved by reducing barriers such as geographical distance. This retrospective cohort study describes accessibility of PRT in the management of prostate cancer and the impact of an additional facility on improving access to PRT.