bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of orbital tumors at a comprehensive cancer center in the United States
Authors: Shinder Roman , Al‐Zubidi Nagham , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of various types of orbital lesions seen at a comprehensive cancer center in the United States.Methods.In this retrospective case series, we reviewed the medical records of 268 consecutive patients referred to our orbital oncology service for evaluation of an orbital mass between November 1998 and February 2009. Each orbital lesion was documented by CT and/or MRI, and in most cases diagnosis was established with a tissue biopsy. Patients who were seen for second opinions and had inadequate follow‐up data were excluded, as were patients with thyroid eye disease or orbital hemorrhage.Results.The study included 134 men and 134 women aged 1 to 89 years at diagnosis (median, 55 years). Follow‐up ranged from 0.06 to 192 months (median, 15 months). Of the tumors, 171 (64%) were primary orbital, 69 (26%) were secondary orbital, and 28 (10%) were metastatic tumors. Lesion types were as follows: secondary orbital tumors, 69 (26%); lymphoproliferative lesions, 68 (25%); metastases, 28 (10%); epithelial lacrimal gland tumors, 27 (10%); inflammatory conditions, 21 (8%); vascular lesions, 20 (7%); mesenchymal tumors, 18 (7%); optic nerve and nerve sheath tumors, 7 (3%); peripheral nerve tumors, 3 (1%); histiocytic lesions, 3 (1%); cystic lesions, 3 (1%); and other lesions, 1 (<1%). The most common histopathologic diagnoses were lymphoma, 50 cases (19%); orbital extension of sinus tumor, 25 (9%); lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma, 18 (7%); cavernous hemangioma, 15 (6%); orbital extension of brain tumor, 14 (5%); idiopathic orbital inflammation, 14 (5%); plasmacytoma, 8 (3%); reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, 7 (3%); metastatic breast cancer, 7 (3%); orbital extension of ocular adnexal basal cell carcinoma, 7 (3%); orbital extension of ocular adnexal melanoma, 6 (2%), rhabdomyosarcoma, 6 (2%); metastatic gastrointestinal cancer, 5 (2%); sarcoidosis, 5 (2%); and other less common lesions. Forty‐two lesions (16%) were intraconal, and 226 (84%) were extraconal. There were 169 (63%) malignant tumors and 99 (37%) were benign tumors. The rate of malignant lesions was 65% in children and 63% in adults (≥18 years). Malignant conditions encountered at a higher rate than previously reported included lymphoma (19% vs 8% to 13%), secondary orbital tumors (26% vs 13% to 20%), orbital metastases (10% vs 2% to 7%), and malignant epithelial lacrimal gland tumors (9% vs 2% to 3%).Conclusion.Our findings highlight the distinctive nature of the orbital oncology experience at a comprehensive cancer center. We found higher than previously reported rates of malignant tumors (63% of all tumors), particularly secondary tumors, malignant epithelial lacrimal gland tumors, and orbital metastases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Ergonomic planned supply in an automotive assembly line
Authors: Baraldi Emilio C. , Paulo C. Kaminski 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe objective of this research is to identify the benefits of ergonomic improvements in workstations and in planned parts supply in an automotive assembly line. Another aim is to verify to what extent it is possible to create competitive advantages in the manufacturing area with reduction in vehicle assembly time by using technological investments in ergonomics with benefits to the worker and to the company. The Methods Time Measurement (MTM) methodology is chosen to measure the process time differences. To ensure a reliable comparison, a company in Brazil that has two different types of assembly line installations in the same plant was observed, and both assembly lines were under the same influences in terms of human resources, wages, food, and educational level of the staff. In this article, the first assembly line is called “new” and was built 6 years ago, with high investments in ergonomic solutions, in the supply system, and in the process. The other is called “traditional” and was built 23 years ago with few investments in the area. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampal subregions differentially associate with standardized memory tests
Authors: Brickman Adam M. , Stern Yaakov , Small Scott A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecent studies suggest that individual hippocampal subregions perform distinct cognitive operations and are differentially targeted by aging and disease. Although originally developed to assess global hippocampal function, whether performance on standard memory tests used in neuropsychological batteries is associated with individual hippocampal subregions remains unknown. Here we addressed this issue by imaging 210 neuropsychologically characterized subjects using a high‐resolution variant of functional magnetic resonance imaging that generates maps reflective of basal hippocampal metabolism. Regression analysis revealed memory tests that differentially associate with two hippocampal subregions, the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the dentate gyrus (DG). Whereas performance on the delayed retention component of the Selective Reminding Test was associated with the EC, performance on the recognition component of the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) was associated with the DG. Furthermore, elevation in blood glucose, previously shown to target the DG, was found to correlate selectively with the recognition component of the BVRT. These findings provide further evidence that the hippocampal subregions perform distinct roles, and, interpreted in the context of previous neuropsychological and imaging studies, confirm that aging and Alzheimer's disease target different hippocampal subregions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hierarchical relational binding in the medial temporal lobe: The strong get stronger
Authors: Shimamura Arthur P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractControversy exists over the functional role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in episodic memory. Some have suggested that the hippocampus plays a unique and qualitatively different role than other MTL regions, whereas others suggest that the entire MTL has one functional role, which is to support the consolidation of declarative memories. Hierarchical relational binding theory (hRBT) purports that the functional role of the entire MTL is the binding of features associated with an episodic experience. As the hippocampus sits at the top of this hierarchy, binding at this level is particularly efficient in reinstating event features at the time of retrieval. Thus, this theory offers a unified account of MTL that yields outcomes similar to theories that suggest a special role of the hippocampus. In this way, hRBT captures features of both single‐ and dual‐process models of MTL and reconciles controversies about the nature of episodic recollection. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xenobiotic and folate pathway gene polymorphisms and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Javanese children
Authors: Chan Jason Yong‐Sheng , Ugrasena Dewa G , Lum Danny Wai‐Kiong , Lu Yi , Yeoh Allen Eng‐Juh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractXenobiotic and folate metabolic pathways are important for the maintenance of genetic stability and may influence susceptibility to the development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). In this study, we investigated 10 polymorphisms in 6 genes (GSTM1‐present/null, GSTT1‐present/null, GSTP1 1578A > G, NQO1 609C > T, MTHFR 677C > T, MTHFR 1298A > C, MTHFD1 1958G > A, 3′‐TYMS 1494 6bp‐deletion/insertion, 5′‐TYMS 28bp‐tandem repeats, and SLC19A1 80G > A) in a cohort of 185 Javanese children with ALL and 177 healthy controls. In ALL patients, none of the polymorphisms demonstrated a statistically significant association with ALL after correcting for multiple comparisons. Gender‐stratified analysis showed that in girls, GSTT1‐null genotype was associated with increased ALL risk (OR = 2.20; p = 0.027), while GSTP1 1578AG genotype was associated with reduced risk (OR = 0.43; p = 0.031). Strong linkage disequilibrium between the MTHFR 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms was observed (D′ = 1.0; r2 = 0.072). The haplotypes 677C‐1298C and 677T‐1298A were associated with a reduced risk of ALL (OR = 0.68 and 0.64, respectively; gender‐adjusted global p = 0.028). Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was employed to identify potential high‐order gene‐gene interactions and cluster subjects into susceptibility groups. SLC19A1 80G > A emerged as the predominant polymorphism associated with risk of ALL. Individuals simultaneously carrying MTHFR 1298AA, 3'‐TYMS 6bp deletion(s) and SLC19A1 80A‐allele(s) were at higher disease risk (OR = 2.21; p < 0.001). On the contrary, simultaneous possession of MTHFR 1298CC, 3'‐TYMS 6bp homozygosity and SLC19A1 80A‐allele(s) conferred lower risk (OR = 0.25; p = 0.004). Carriage of NQO1 609C‐allele amongst SLC19A1 80GG genotype was associated with lower risk (OR = 0.47; p = 0.003). In conclusion, our study has demonstrated the importance of gender and gene‐gene interaction within the xenobiotic and folate pathways in modulating childhood ALL susceptibility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic consistency of potential evapotranspiration estimates in Florida
Authors: Chin David A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study investigates the validity of fundamental assumptions regarding the partitioning of energy that are implicit in the Penman–Monteith (PM) and Priestly–Taylor (PT) models of potential evapotranspiration (PET). Both these models require energy conservation, but differ in the partitioning of sensible and latent heat fluxes as measured by the Bowen ratio. Application of these models at four research sites in Florida collectively show that these models can be calibrated to provide adequate PET prediction at all sites. The prediction of Bowen ratios using the calibrated PET models showed that the PT model is preferable for lakes and is acceptable for marsh and forest; the crop‐coefficient application of the PM model is preferable for grass and is acceptable for marsh; and the standard PM model is acceptable for marsh. For the marsh and forest covers, the margins of preference between the three models are not very strong. This investigation was limited to climatic conditions in Florida and caution should be exercised in extending these results to other sites and climates. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stream temperature dynamics in two hydrogeomorphically distinct reaches
Authors: Leach J. A. , Moore R. D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyse stream temperature variability during summer in relation to both surface heat exchanges and reach‐scale hydrology for two hydrogeomorphically distinct reaches. The study focused on a 1·5‐km wildfire‐disturbed reach of Fishtrap Creek located north of Kamloops, British Columbia. Streamflow measurements and longitudinal surveys of electrical conductivity and water chemistry indicated that the upper 750 m of the study reach was dominated by flow losses. A spring discharged into the stream at 750 m below the upper reach boundary. Below the spring, the stream was neutral to losing on three measurement days, but gained flow on a fourth day that followed a rain event. Continuous stream temperature measurements typically revealed a downstream warming along the upper 750 m of the study reach on summer days, followed by a pronounced cooling associated with the spring, with little downstream change below the spring. Modelled surface energy exchanges were similar over the upper and lower sub‐reaches, and thus cannot explain the differences in longitudinal temperature patterns. Application of a Lagrangian stream temperature model provided reasonably accurate predictions for the upper sub‐reach. For the lower sub‐reach, accurate prediction required specification of concurrent flow losses and gains as a hydrological boundary condition. These findings are consistent with differences in the hydrogeomorphology of the upper and lower sub‐reaches. The modelling exercise indicated that substantial errors in predicted stream temperature can occur by representing stream‐surface exchange as a reach‐averaged one‐directional flux computed from differences in streamflow between the upper and lower reach boundaries. Further research should focus on reliable methods for quantifying spatial variations in reach‐scale hydrology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of distributed snowmelt energy balance modeling with MODIS‐based NDSI‐derived fractional snow‐covered area data
Authors: Homan Joel W. , Luce Charles H. , McNamara James P. , Glenn Nancy F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDescribing the spatial variability of heterogeneous snowpacks at a watershed or mountain‐front scale is important for improvements in large‐scale snowmelt modelling. Snowmelt depletion curves, which relate fractional decreases in snow‐covered area (SCA) against normalized decreases in snow water equivalent (SWE), are a common approach to scale‐up snowmelt models. Unfortunately, the kinds of ground‐based observations that are used to develop depletion curves are expensive to gather and impractical for large areas. We describe an approach incorporating remotely sensed fractional SCA (FSCA) data with coinciding daily snowmelt SWE outputs during ablation to quantify the shape of a depletion curve. We joined melt estimates from the Utah Energy Balance Snow Accumulation and Melt Model (UEB) with FSCA data calculated from a normalized difference snow index snow algorithm using NASA's moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) visible (0·545–0·565 µm) and shortwave infrared (1·628–1·652 µm) reflectance data. We tested the approach at three 500 m2 study sites, one in central Idaho and the other two on the North Slope in the Alaskan arctic. The UEB‐MODIS‐derived depletion curves were evaluated against depletion curves derived from ground‐based snow surveys. Comparisons showed strong agreement between the independent estimates. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PRKAR1A is overexpressed and represents a possible therapeutic target in human cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Loilome Watcharin , Juntana Sirinun , Namwat Nisana , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Puapairoj Anucha , Sripa Banchob , Miwa Masanao , Saya Hideyuki , Riggins Gregory J. , Yongvanit Puangrat 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1 alpha (PRKAR1A/PKAI) pathway is overexpressed in varieties of tumors and cancer cell lines including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), although its role in CCA growth modulation is unclear. In our study, we evaluated the effect of PRKAR1A/PKAI targeting on CCA cell proliferation. Real‐time PCR demonstrated an increased mRNA expression of PRKAR1A/PKAI, whereas protein kinase A regulatory subunit 2 beta (PRKAR2B/PKAII) was downregulated in human CCA tissues and CCA cell lines. Immunohistochemistry of human CCA tissues revealed increased PRKAR1A with decreased PRKAR2B protein expression. Moreover, CCA cell lines showed abundantly expressed PRKAR1A, while lacking PRKAR2B expression. Silencing PRKAR1A expression induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of CCA cells, with an associated decrease in mitogen‐activated protein kinases, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway signaling. The inhibition of PKA using a PKA inhibitor and cAMP analogs also led to a significant cell growth inhibition. In conclusion, our study reports the overexpression as well as molecular mechanisms by which PRKAR1A/PKA regulates human CCA cell growth. Importantly, abrogation of gene expression caused significant CCA cell growth inhibition, oncogenic signaling and coupled apoptosis induction, suggesting PRKAR1A's potential as a drug target for CCA therapy.
Forced expression of Sox21 inhibits Sox2 and induces apoptosis in human glioma cells
Authors: Ferletta Maria , Caglayan Demet , Mokvist Liza , Jiang Yiwen , Kastemar Marianne , Uhrbom Lene , Westermark Bengt 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNumerous studies support a role for Sox2 to keep stem cells and progenitor cells in an immature and proliferative state. Coexpression of Sox2 and GFAP has been found in regions of the adult brain where neural stem cells are present and in human glioma cells. In our study, we have investigated the roles of Sox2 and its counteracting partner Sox21 in human glioma cells. We show for the first time that Sox21 is expressed in both primary glioblastoma and in human glioma cell lines. We found that coexpression of Sox2, GFAP and Sox21 was mutually exclusive with expression of fibronectin. Our result suggests that glioma consists of at least two different cell populations: Sox2+/GFAP+/Sox21+/FN− and Sox2−/GFAP−/Sox21−/FN+. Reduction of Sox2 expression by using siRNA against Sox2 or by overexpressing Sox21 using a tetracycline‐regulated expression system (Tet‐on) caused decreased GFAP expression and a reduction in cell number due to induction of apoptosis. We suggest that Sox21 can negatively regulate Sox2 in glioma. Our findings imply that Sox2 and Sox21 may be interesting targets for the development of novel glioma therapy.
Randomized healthservices study of human papillomavirus‐based management of low‐grade cytological abnormalities
Authors: Dillner Lena , Kemetli Levent , Elfgren Kristina , Bogdanovic Gordana , Andersson Pia , Carlsten‐Thor Agneta , Andersson Sonia , Persson Elisabeth , Rylander Eva , Grillner Lena , Dillner Joakim , Törnberg Sven 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐based management of women with borderline atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or mildly abnormal cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINI) cervical cytology has been extensively studied in the research setting. We wished to assess safety and health care resource use of a real‐life health care policy using HPV triaging. All 15 outpatient clinics involved in the organized population‐based screening program in Stockholm, Sweden screening program were randomized to either continue with prior policy (colposcopy of all women with ASCUS/CINI) or to implement a policy with HPV triaging and colposcopy only of HPV‐positive women. The trial enrolled the 3,319 women who were diagnosed with ASCUS (n = 1,335) or CINI (n = 1,984) in Stockholm during 17th March 2003 to 16th January 2006. Detection of high‐grade cervical lesions (CINII+) and health care cost consumption was studied by registry linkages. The proportion of histopathology‐verified CINII+ was similar for the two policies (395 of 1,752 women (22.5%; 95% Confidence interval [CI]: 20.6–24.6%) had CINII+ diagnosed with HPV triaging policy, 318 of 1,567 women (20.3%; 95%CI: 18.3–22.4%) had CINII+ with colposcopy policy). Sixty‐four percent of women with ASCUS and 77% of women with CINI were HPV positive. HPV‐positivity was age‐dependent, with 81% of women below 35 years of age and 44% of women above 45 years of age testing HPV‐positive. HPV triaging was cost‐effective only above 35 years of age. In conclusion, a real‐life randomized healthservices study of HPV triaging of women with ASCUS/CINI demonstrated similar detection of CINII+ as colposcopy of all women.
Dietary nitrate and nitrite and the risk of thyroid cancer in the NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Kilfoy Briseis A. , Zhang Yawei , Park Yikyung , Holford Theodore R. , Schatzkin Arthur , Hollenbeck Albert , Ward Mary H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDuring the past several decades, an increasing incidence of thyroid cancer has been observed worldwide. Nitrate inhibits iodide uptake by the thyroid, potentially disrupting thyroid function. An increased risk of thyroid cancer associated with nitrate intake was recently reported in a cohort study of older women in Iowa. We evaluated dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and thyroid cancer risk overall and for subtypes in the National Institutes of Health‐American Association of Retired Persons (NIH‐AARP) Diet and Health Study, a large prospective cohort of 490,194 men and women, ages 50–71 years in 1995–1996. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 124‐item food frequency questionnaire. During an average of 7 years of follow‐up we identified 370 incident thyroid cancer cases (170 men, 200 women) with complete dietary information. Among men, increasing nitrate intake was positively associated with thyroid cancer risk (relative risk [RR] for the highest quintile versus lowest quintile RR = 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–4.041; p‐trend <0.001); however, we observed no trend with intake among women (p‐trend = 0.61). Nitrite intake was not associated with risk of thyroid cancer for either men or women. We evaluated risk for the two main types of thyroid cancer. We found positive associations for nitrate intake and both papillary (RR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.09–4.05; p‐trend = 0.05) and follicular thyroid cancer (RR = 3.42; 95% CI: 1.03–11.4; p‐trend = 0.01) among men. Nitrite intake was associated with increased risk of follicular thyroid cancer (RR = 2.74; 95%CI: 0.86–8.77; p‐trend = 0.04) among men. Our results support a role of nitrate in thyroid cancer risk and suggest that further studies to investigate these exposures are warranted.
High constant incidence rates of second primary cancers of the head and neck: A pooled analysis of 13 cancer registries
Authors: Bosetti Cristina , Scelo Ghislaine , Chuang Shu‐Chun , Tonita Jon M. , Tamaro Sharon , Jonasson Jon G. , Kliewer Erich V. , Hemminki Kari , Weiderpass Elisabete , Pukkala Eero , Tracey Elizabeth , Olsen Jorgen H. , Pompe‐Kirn Vera , Brewster David H. , Martos Carmen , Chia Kee‐Seng , Brennan Paul , Hashibe Mia , Levi Fabio , La Vecchia Carlo , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractScanty data are available on the incidence (i.e., the absolute risk) of second cancers of the head and neck (HN) and its pattern with age. We investigated this issue using data from a multicentric study of 13 population‐based cancer registries from Europe, Canada, Australia and Singapore for the years 1943–2000. A total of 99,257 patients had a first primary HN cancer (15,985 tongue, 22,378 mouth, 20,758 pharyngeal, and 40,190 laryngeal cancer), contributing to 489,855 person‐years of follow‐up. A total of 1,294 of the patients (1.3%) were diagnosed with second HN cancers (342 tongue, 345 mouth, 418 pharynx and 189 larynx). Male incidence rates of first HN cancer steeply increased from 0.68/100,000 at age 30–34 to 46.2/100,000 at age 70–74, and leveled off at older age; female incidence increased from 0.50/100,000 at age 30–34 to 16.5/100,000 at age 80–84. However, age‐specific incidence of second HN cancers after a first HN cancer in men was around 200–300/100,000 between age 40–44 and age 70–74 and tended to decline at subsequent ages (150/100,000 at age 80–84); in women, incidence of second HN cancers was around 200–300/100,000 between age 45–49 and 80–84. The patterns of age‐specific incidence were consistent for different subsites of second HN cancer and sexes; moreover, they were similar for age‐specific incidence of first primary HN cancer in patients who subsequently developed a second HN cancer. The incidence of second HN cancers does not increase with age, but remains constant, or if anything, decreases with advancing age.