Abstract PO2-24-04: Exploring the role and therapeutic potential of Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 11 (USP11) in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer
Authors: Moore Rachel , Blümel Anna , Ward Elspeth , Sainsbury Elizabeth , Conroy Emer , O’Brien Fergal , Curtin Caroline , Ali Simak , McCarthy Helen , Gallagher William , O'Connor Darran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Dysregulated estrogen receptor (ER) function is a key feature of 70% of breast cancers. In this setting ER primarily functions as a growth-controlling transcription factor driving pro-tumorigenic properties, thus there is a need to identify novel modulators of ER transcriptional activity as alternative therapeutic options. Previously, we showed a significant association between high ubiquitin specific protease 11 (USP11) expression and poor survival in ER+ breast cancer patients, but not in ER- patients, indicating a role for USP11 in ER+ subtypes. However, the precise role of USP11 in controlling ER function remains undescribed. To interrogate USP11 function in ER+ breast cancer we generated a CRISPR USP11 knockout MCF7 breast cancer cell line. Our results showed for the first time that USP11 knockout significantly reduces proliferation, induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, abrogates ERα transcriptional activity, significantly impairs cell migration and invasion, whilst also impairing MCF7 cancer stem-cell like properties and malignant transformation in vitro. In addition, we also observed significant dysregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail and Slug. Using RNA-seq of MCF7 cells +/- estradiol, +/- stable USP11 knockdown we identified dysregulated pathways in protein binding, cell adhesion molecule binding and cell cycle regulation following USP11 modulation. Of note, gene expression analysis indicated NCOA3 as the most differentially expressed coding gene. Further validation confirmed a significant reduction in NCOA3- encoded Steroid receptor coactivator- 3 (SRC-3) protein expression following USP11 modulation with immunocytochemical analysis also indicating co-localisation within the nucleus. Frequently upregulated in breast cancer and associated with poor outcome, SRC-3 promotes ER transcriptional activity and co-activates a wide range of additional pro-tumorigenic transcription factors. Thus, SRC-3 modulation offers an attractive therapeutic target in breast cancer. This finding may present a novel role for USP11 in controlling SRC-3 and therefore associated ER transcriptional activity. We then aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of USP11. Although rare in primary breast cancer, activating mutations in the ER ligand-binding domain have recently been linked to recurrent, anti-endocrine resistant disease and metastasis. As such cancers remain dependent on ER-signalling for proliferation, but are resistant to ER targeted therapies, we identified USP11 as a potential novel therapeutic target. Using CRISPR knock-in ER mutant MCF7 cell lines expressing the four most common ER activating mutations, we demonstrated that USP11 knockdown continues to significantly reduce proliferation and abrogates mutant ERα transcriptional activity. We then explored amphipathic cell penetrating peptide RALA encapsulation as a delivery method for siRNA targeting USP11. Optimisation of nanoparticle delivery in the Y537S ER-mutant MCF7 breast cancer cell line achieved significant knockdown of USP11 and ER- related target genes including TFF1, PgR, GREB1 and PKIB in 2D with minimal associated cellular toxicity. To overcome the siRNA-related issues of rapid clearance upon systemic delivery, we then explored the use of a freeze-dried collagen-based scaffold model as an in vitro 3D RALA-encapsulated siRNA delivery system. Here we observed successful delivery of nanoparticle to MCF7 breast cancer cells, with a significant reduction in USP11 mRNA expression. Bio-compatible scaffold- facilitated delivery may therefore offer a more feasible translation of this siRNA-based therapeutic. Overall, this study highlights a novel role for USP11 in various oncogenic pathways. USP11 may therefore offer a novel therapeutic target to be exploited for the management of ER-positive breast cancer, including ER mutant breast cancer.
Citation Format: Rachel Moore, Anna Blümel, Elspeth Ward, Elizabeth Sainsbury, Emer Conroy, Fergal O’Brien, Caroline Curtin, Simak Ali, Helen McCarthy, William Gallagher, Darran O'Connor. Exploring the role and therapeutic potential of Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 11 (USP11) in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-24-04.