bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish‐meal diet enriched with omega‐3 PUFA and treatment of canine chronic enteropathies
Authors: Ontsouka Edgar Corneille , Burgener Iwan Anton , Luckschander‐Zeller Nicole , Blum Jürg Walter , Albrecht Christiane 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe effects of a fish‐meal‐ and potato‐protein‐based diet enriched with omega‐3 PUFA on intestinal inflammatory activity and expression of genes active in fatty acid (FA) uptake were tested in the duodenum of dogs with food responsive diarrhea (FRD; n = 14) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; n = 7). The clinical outcome was estimated by monitoring the canine IBD activity index (CIBDAI) before and after treatment. Dogs were treated with the diet alone (FRD) or the diet in combination with immunosuppressants (IBD). The duodenal mRNA levels of FA translocase, FA transport protein‐1,‐3,‐4,‐6, long chain acyl coenzyme synthetase‐1,‐4,‐5,‐6, liver‐ and intestinal‐FA binding proteins, interleukin‐1β (IL)‐1β and ‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were measured by quantitative PCR. The CIBDAI significantly decreased after treatment in all dogs. The mRNA levels of target genes were associated both with disease phenotype and dietary treatment. Significantly different expression patterns were found for IL‐1β, FA translocase, intestinal‐FA binding protein, FA transport proteins‐1,‐3,‐6, and long chain acyl coenzyme synthetase‐5,‐6. In conclusion, the mRNA levels of some of the genes involved in duodenal FA uptake may be altered by a fish‐meal‐ and potato‐protein‐based diet enriched with omega‐3 PUFA. This may be beneficial for the treatment of canine chronic enteropathies, particularly FRD.Practical applications: In this study, feeding dogs on a fish‐meal‐ and potato‐protein‐based diet enriched with omega‐3 PUFA resulted in marked suppression of intestinal inflammatory activity, mainly in the duodenum of dogs with food responsive diarrhea with a concomitant alteration of some of the genes involved in FA uptake. In IBD, however, a combination of diet and immunosuppressive drugs was required. The present study provides preliminary insights into the importance of the herein tested dietary composition for the treatment of canine chronic enteropathies, revealing that an omega‐3 PUFA‐enriched diet can be beneficial to the animal's health and wellbeing. Furthermore, our results serve as the basis for future investigations using different food ingredients and FA compositions to identify the optimal dietary mixture that could be equally effective for dietary prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of canine chronic enteropathies, or both.See commentary by Ferguson [p. 372–374]
Synthesis and Study of Oxadisilole‐Fused Benzisoxazoles or Naphthisoxazoles
Authors: Ma Xuyan , Chen Yali , Zhang Yajuan , Xu Di , Cao Weiguo , Chen Jie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOxadisilole‐fused benzisoxazoles or naphthisoxazoles were obtained through 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of arynes with nitrile oxides in good yields at room temperature. Key to the procedure is the simultaneous in situ generation of reactive nitrile oxides from arenecarbohydroximoyl chlorides and aryne reactants from benzobis(oxadisilole) or 2,3‐naphthoxadisilole. One oxadisilole‐fused benzisoxazole is a new precursor of a benzyne formed by a phenyliodination/fluoride‐induced elimination protocol. By using this benzyne, cycloadducts were synthesized in good yields. The de‐oxadisilole reaction of some of the oxadisilole‐fused benzisoxazoles could be easily conducted with a 1.0 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF at room temperature.
Asymmetric Allylboration of Aldehydes with Pinacol Allylboronates Catalyzed by 1,1′‐Spirobiindane‐7,7′‐diol (SPINOL) Based Phosphoric Acids
Authors: Xing Chun‐Hui , Liao Yuan‐Xi , Zhang Yimei , Sabarova Darya , Bassous Monica , Hu Qiao‐Sheng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe asymmetric allylboration of aldehydes with pinacolallylboronates catalyzed by 1,1′‐spirobiindane‐7,7′‐diol (SPINOL) based phosphoric acids is described. 6,6′‐Bis(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)SPINOL‐based phosphoric acid was found to be a general, highly enantioselective catalyst for such allylboration reactions and excellent enantioselectivities were obtained for different types of aldehydes including aromatic aldehydes, α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, propargylic aldehydes, and aliphatic aldehydes.
Manganese Dioxide Nanostructures as a Novel Electrochemical Mediator for Thiol Sensors
Authors: Eremenko A. V. , Dontsova E. A. , Nazarov A. P. , Evtushenko E. G. , Amitonov S. V. , Savilov S. V. , Martynova L. F. , Lunin V. V. , Kurochkin I. N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNanoparticles of various manganese dioxide crystalline modifications (amorphous, β‐phase, and γ‐phase) were compared with respect to their mediator properties in electrochemical detection of thiols. The highest catalytic activity towards thiocholine, cysteine, and glutathione was demonstrated by screen‐printed graphite electrodes modified with γ‐MnO2 at the optimized working potential of 450 mV versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. High sensitivity of γ‐MnO2 modified electrodes towards thiocholine (345 mA cm2/M) and therefore low detection limit of butyrylcholinesterase (1 pM) enabled their use for subnanomolar detection of an organophosphate pesticide diazinon, an irreversible inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase. The detection limit for diazinon was estimated as 0.6 nM with assay duration of less than 15 min.
Electroreduction of Chloramines Through Novel Electrode Materials
Authors: Terzi F. , Zanfrognini B. , Zanardi C. , Pigani L. , Seeber R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNovel electrode materials have been developed and applied to the determination of chloramines by amperometric methods. In particular, a thin layer of a conducting polymer, namely poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has been tested for the first time in the presence of chloramines. Significant improvements in the performance of the modified electrodes are obtained by using composite materials based on differently encapsulated Au nanoparticles and PEDOT. The resulting electrode system exhibits repeatability and reproducibility of the voltammetric responses, as well as low limit of detection and high sensitivity in the determination of monochloramine, as testified by the cyclic voltammetric curves and the calibration plots obtained by a rotating disk electrode.
An Electroanalytical Approach to the Understanding of Copper Exportation in Glaciated Catchments
Authors: Monticelli D. , Pozzi A. , Credaro A. , Dossi C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe use of electroanalytical techniques for the speciation analysis of copper in four glaciated catchments is presented. The method is based on a competitive ligand equilibration scheme coupled with cathodic stripping detection (CLE‐CSV procedure). Issues related to the particular nature of the samples, i.e. their very low ionic strength, and their effects on the speciation procedure are presented and discussed in detail. The presence of strong complexing ligands was evidenced in all of the investigated catchments (30 samples, ligand concentrations 0.2–8.9 nM; K′=1011.51−1013.60). Copper species distribution was for the first time determined in ice samples.
Graphene Functionalized Graphite Electrode with Diphenylacetylene for Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate
Authors: Ruan Chengxiang , Xu Li , Wang Xiuzhen , Lou Jin , Gao Weimin , Sun Wei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper a molecular wire modified carbon paste electrode (MW‐CPE) was firstly prepared by mixing graphite powder with diphenylacetylene (DPA). Then a graphene (GR) and chitosan (CTS) composite film was further modified on the surface of MW‐CPE to receive the graphene functionalized electrode (CTS‐GR/MW‐CPE), which was used for the sensitive electrochemical detection of adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP). The CTS‐GR/MW‐CPE exhibited excellent electrochemical performance and the electrochemical behavior of ATP on the CTS‐GR/MW‐CPE was carefully studied by cyclic voltammetry with an irreversible oxidation peak appearing at 1.369 V (vs. SCE). The electrochemical parameters such as charge transfer coefficient (α) and electrode reaction standard rate constant (ks) were calculated with the results of 0.53 and 5.28×10−6 s−1, respectively. By using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as detection technique, the oxidation peak current showed good linear relationship with ATP concentration in the range from 1.0 nM to 700.0 µM with a detection limit of 0.342 nM (3σ). The common coexisting substances, such as uric acid, ascorbic acid and guanosine‐5′‐triphosphate (GTP), showed no interferences and the modified electrode was successfully applied to injection sample detection.
Two‐objective optimization strategies using the adjoint method and game theory in inverse natural convection problems
Authors: Wong J.C.‐F. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThis paper considers the problem of estimating the strengths of two time‐varying heat sources simultaneously, from measurements of the temperature inside the square domain in a porous medium, when prior knowledge of the source functions is not available. This problem is an inverse natural convection problem. In order to circumvent this problem, we define several optimization criteria (objective functionals) that measure discrepancies between model and measured data, where objective functionals depend on two heat sources and use multi‐criteria optimization to identify Nash equilibria, which are solutions to the non‐cooperative game according to game theory. Two non‐cooperative game strategies are considered: competitive (Nash) game and hierarchical (modified Stackelberg) game. The methodology that we employ relies on a combination of mixed finite element space approximations, finite difference time discretizations, adjoint equation and sensitivity equation techniques, and nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithms for the solutions of estimating two heat sources. Applying the Sobolev gradient for the noise removal is investigated. The performance of the present technique of inverse analysis is evaluated, by means of several numerical experiments, and is found to be very accurate as well as efficient. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chimera technique for transporting disturbances
Authors: Reuß S. , Wolf C. , Knopp T. , Raichle A. , Schwamborn D. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThe Chimera technique for moving grids is used to take into account nonhomogeneous unsteady inflow conditions in the simulation of aerodynamic flows. The method is applied to simulate the transport of a large‐scale vortex by a mean velocity field over a large distance, where it finally interacts with an airfoil. The Chimera approach allows one to resolve the vortex on a fine grid, whereas the unstructured background grid covering most of the computational domain can be much coarser. This method shows the same low numerical dissipation as a simulation on a globally fine grid. Several precursor tests are performed with a finite modified analytical Lamb–Oseen type vortex to study the influence of spatial and temporal resolution and the employed numerical scheme. Then, the interaction of an analytical vortex with a NACA0012 airfoil and with an ONERA‐A airfoil near stall is studied. Finally, a realistic vortex is generated by a ramping airfoil and is transported on a moving Chimera block and then interacts with a two‐element airfoil, which allows one to simulate a typical setup for a gust generator in aerodynamic facilities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecosystem focused therapy in poststroke depression: a preliminary study
Authors: Alexopoulos George S. , Wilkins Victoria M. , Marino Patricia , Kanellopoulos Dora , Reding Michael , Sirey Jo Anne , Raue Patrick J. , Ghosh Samiran , O'Dell Michael W. , Kiosses Dimitris N. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivePoststroke depression (PSD) occurs in the context of abrupt, often catastrophic disability that finds the patient and his or her family unprepared. We developed the Ecosystem Focused Therapy (EFT), a systematic intervention aimed to increase the PSD patient's and his or her ecosystem's abilities to address the “psychosocial storm” of PSD and utilize available treatments effectively and efficiently. This is a preliminary study of its efficacy.DesignA total of 24 PSD patients were randomly assigned to receive weekly sessions of EFT or a comparison condition consisting of systematic Education on Stroke and Depression and their treatment for 12 weeks.ResultsEcosystem Focused Therapy may be more efficacious than Education on Stroke and Depression in reducing depressive symptoms and signs, in leading to a higher remission rate, and in ameliorating disability in PSD. Reduction of disability in the early part of the trial mediated later improvement in depressive symptomatology. Similarly, reduction in depressive symptoms and signs early on mediated later improvement in disability.ConclusionThese encouraging findings require replication. Beyond its potential direct benefits in PSD, EFT may provide an appropriate context for efficient and timely administration of pharmacotherapy and of physical, speech, and occupational therapy thus maximizing their efficacy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What MEG can reveal about inference making: The case of if...then sentences
Authors: Bonnefond Mathilde , Noveck Ira , Baillet Sylvain , Cheylus Anne , Delpuech Claude , Bertrand Olivier , Fourneret Pierre , Van der Henst Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCharacterizing the neural substrate of reasoning has been investigated with regularity over the last 10 years or so while relying on measures that come primarily from positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. To some extent, these techniques—as well as those from electroencephalography—have shown that time course is equally worthwhile for revealing the way reasoning processes work in the brain. In this work, we employ magnetoencephalography while investigating Modus Ponens (If P then Q; P//Therefore, Q) in order to simultaneously derive time course and the source of this fundamental logical inference. The present results show that conditional reasoning involves several successive cognitive processes, each of which engages a distinct cerebral network over the course of inference making, and as soon as a conditional sentence is processed. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human neural systems underlying rigid and flexible forms of allocentric spatial representation
Authors: Zhang Hui , Ekstrom Arne 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPrevious studies suggest the importance of medial temporal lobe, areas of parietal cortex, and retrosplenial cortex in human spatial navigation, though the exact role of these structures in representing the relations of elements within a spatial layout (“allocentric” representation) remains unresolved. Hippocampal involvement, in particular, during memory processing is affected by whether a previously formed representation is employed in a novel fashion (“flexible” usage) or in a manner comparable with how it was encoded originally (“rigid” usage). To address whether brain systems are differentially involved during flexible vs. rigid utilization of a pre‐existing allocentric representation, subjects encoded the position of six different target buildings relative to a centrally located landmark building in a virtual city seen from an aerial view. They then actively searched for the locations of these target buildings using the landmark (rigid retrieval) or using a previously shown target building in a novel fashion (flexible retrieval) while undergoing fMRI. Activations in posterior superior parietal cortex and precuneus were greater during more rigid than flexible forms of allocentric retrieval while activation in the hippocampus decreased linearly over blocks during flexible allocentric retrieval. A functional connectivity analysis further revealed significant interactions between hippocampus and these parietal areas during flexible compared with rigid allocentric retrieval. These results extend previous models of the neural basis of spatial navigation by suggesting that while the posterior superior parietal cortex/precuneus play an important role in allocentric representation, the hippocampus, and interactions between hippocampus and these parietal areas, are important for flexible utilization of these representations. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel approach to probabilistic biomarker‐based classification using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hahn Tim , Marquand Andre F. , Plichta Michael M. , Ehlis Ann‐Christine , Schecklmann Martin W. , Dresler Thomas , Jarczok Tomasz A. , Eirich Elisa , Leonhard Christine , Reif Andreas , Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Brammer Michael J. , Mourao‐Miranda Janaina , Fallgatter Andreas J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPattern recognition approaches to the analysis of neuroimaging data have brought new applications such as the classification of patients and healthy controls within reach. In our view, the reliance on expensive neuroimaging techniques which are not well tolerated by many patient groups and the inability of most current biomarker algorithms to accommodate information about prior class frequencies (such as a disorder's prevalence in the general population) are key factors limiting practical application. To overcome both limitations, we propose a probabilistic pattern recognition approach based on cheap and easy‐to‐use multi‐channel near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements. We show the validity of our method by applying it to data from healthy controls (n = 14) enabling differentiation between the conditions of a visual checkerboard task. Second, we show that high‐accuracy single subject classification of patients with schizophrenia (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 40) is possible based on temporal patterns of fNIRS data measured during a working memory task. For classification, we integrate spatial and temporal information at each channel to estimate overall classification accuracy. This yields an overall accuracy of 76% which is comparable to the highest ever achieved in biomarker‐based classification of patients with schizophrenia. In summary, the proposed algorithm in combination with fNIRS measurements enables the analysis of sub‐second, multivariate temporal patterns of BOLD responses and high‐accuracy predictions based on low‐cost, easy‐to‐use fNIRS patterns. In addition, our approach can easily compensate for variable class priors, which is highly advantageous in making predictions in a wide range of clinical neuroimaging applications. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
No association between hormonal abnormality and sexual dysfunction in Japanese schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotics
Authors: Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Fujii Akira , Sugawara Norio , Tsuchimine Shoko , Saito Manabu , Hashimoto Kojiro , Kaneko Sunao 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveAlthough sexual dysfunction is believed to be caused by hormonal abnormalities, few reports have studied sexual dysfunction and its association with hormonal abnormalities in Asian populations with schizophrenia.MethodsWe employed a cross‐sectional, case–control survey design to collect data from 191 (108 men) Japanese schizophrenia outpatients treated with antipsychotics and 182 (49 men) healthy subjects. Sexual dysfunction was evaluated using the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale. We measured plasma concentrations of prolactin in both genders and testosterone in men and estradiol in women.ResultsMultiple regression analyses revealed the following findings: the number of antipsychotics correlated with diminished sexual desire (standardized beta = 0.241,p < 0.05); the dose of antipsychotics correlated with gynecomastia (standardized beta = 0.277,p < 0.01), increased sexual desire (standardized beta = 0.229,p < 0.05), and ejaculatory dysfunction (standardized beta = 0.248,p < 0.05); and the dose of antipsychotics correlated with menorrhagia in women (standardized beta = 0.284,p < 0.05). However, neither plasma concentrations of prolactin, testosterone nor estradiol correlated with sexual dysfunction.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that an association between sex hormone abnormalities and sexual dysfunction is unlikely but that the dose or number of antipsychotics is associated with some sexual dysfunction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond Sex Tourism: Gay Tourists and Male Sex Workers in Puerto Vallarta (Western Mexico)
Authors: Mendoza Cristóbal 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTLiterature on sex tourism has largely focused on the experiences and opinions of heterosexual tourists. Filling a gap in the literature, this article gives voice to male sex workers, and it analyzes their reasons for engagement in sex services addressed to men in tourist‐oriented Puerto Vallarta (Mexico). By doing so, it explores the different layers of sex tourism that go beyond pure monetary transaction. This article also considers aspects regarding sexuality and identity in gay‐friendly Vallarta. It concludes that sexual practices are negotiated, but sexual identities do not. Rather than an identity based on sexual grounds, what binds the sex workers together is a common (gay) lifestyle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid characterization of lipids by MALDI MS. Part 1: Bacterial taxonomy and analysis of food oils
Authors: Lay Jackson O. , Gidden Jennifer , Liyanage Rohana , Emerson Beth , Durham Bill 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSeveral new methods have been developed recently that allow the direct detection of lipids without resorting to derivatization or chromatographic separation. The simplest of these is direct MALDI (matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization) mass spectrometry. This approach is most useful for mixtures that contain minimal amounts of ion‐suppressing interfering components. However, even when such components are present, their effects can often be minimized by using simple separation techniques beforehand, such as solid phase extraction or thin layer chromatography. For example, direct MALDI has been used for rapid screening of lipids and for taxonomic identification of the source organisms with no sample pretreatment. Fractions collected from solid phase extraction cartridges have also been used to avoid the most extreme effects of ion suppression from more complex lipid mixtures. More recently, direct MALDI has been applied to the analysis of TLC plates allowing the detection of TLC‐separated lipids from the complex lipidome. Herein, we briefly describe the application of rapid MALDI MS to some typical research problems involving the characterization of lipids. In Part 1 these include bacterial taxonomy by direct analysis of intact lipids in simple extracts rather than by conversion to fatty acid methyl esters. Food oils such as triacylglycerols can be characterized simply and easily by direct MALDI MS without resort to any sort of separation. Part 2 (in the next issue of Lipid Technology) will cover the spontaneous fragmentation of protonated lipids, ion suppression and the use of solid phase extraction and thin layer chromatography with MALDI MS to characterize complex biological samples.
The development of canola oil based bio‐resins
Authors: Kong Xiaohua , Omonov Tolibjon S. , Curtis Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBio‐based resins made from vegetable oils offer a sustainable alternative to petroleum‐based thermoset resins. The thermosetting resin systems we have developed from epoxidized canola oil and the polyurethanes we have produced from canola oil‐based polyols show promise as cost‐effective materials incorporating a high renewable content. Here we outline the use of canola oil based bio‐resins in composite boards, and in polyurethane adhesive and insulating foam applications.