bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of microhabitat and food availability in determining riparian invertebrate distributions on gravel bars: a habitat manipulation experiment
Authors: Henshall Sarah E. , Sadler Jon P. , Hannah David M. , Bates Adam J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractExposed riverine sediments (ERS) are an important ecotone, where aquatic and terrestrial habitats and species interact. Within an area of ERS, invertebrate species richness tends to be highest along the water's edge ecotone. In this article, we discuss a habitat manipulation experiment which was conducted to test the hypotheses that ERS invertebrate distribution is linked to: (1) the availability of food items (emerging and stranded aquatic invertebrates) and (2) favourable physical microhabitat and microclimate (temperature and moisture). Four experimental plots were created (wet, wet‐fed, dry‐fed and dry control plot), replicated three times. The plots were wetted using a capillary pump system, and fed with dried blood worms (Chironomids) for 28 days. Sediment temperature was measured at 15‐min intervals. Hand searches were undertaken on 25% of each plot after 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. Significant temperature differences were observed between the wet and dry sediment and the air temperature. Wet plots were 1·9 °C cooler on average than the dry plots and had a smaller temperature range; all plots remained significantly warmer than the air temperature. The wet and wet‐fed plots yielded significantly greater numbers of beetles than the dry and dry‐fed plots; however, no significant difference was found between the wet and wet‐fed plots. Spiders were significantly associated with dry plots and showed no response to food variability. These results suggest that micro‐environment and not food availability is the main driving factor underlying beetle distribution and movement, although it is possible that they are using lower temperatures and increased moisture as a cue for aquatic food availability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition‐Metal Complexes Based on a Sulfonate‐Containing N‐Donor Ligand and Their Use as HIV Antiviral Agents
Authors: García‐Gallego Sandra , Serramía M. Jesús , Arnaiz Eduardo , Díaz Laura , Muñoz‐Fernández M. Angeles , Gómez‐Sal Pilar , Ottaviani M. Francesca , Gómez Rafael , de la Mata F. Javier 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHerein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a sulfonate‐containing N‐donor ligand in its sodium salt and acid forms, Na2[(DES)MeN(CH2)2NMe(DES)]·2H2O (1) and [(DES)MeN+H(CH2)2N+HMe(DES)]·H2O (2), and its corresponding metal complexes, [{(DES)MeN(CH2)2NMe(DES)}M(H2O)2]·nH2O [M = Ni (3), Co (4), Cu (5) and Zn (6)]. Treatment of HIV‐infected MT‐2 cells with Ni, Co and Cu complexes inhibit virus replication up to 50–70 % both in pre‐ and post‐infected cells as a result of dual preventive and therapeutic behaviour.
[1,5]‐Hydride Transfer/Cyclization of ortho‐Amino Alkynyl Fischer Carbene Complexes: A Useful Tool for the Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives
Authors: Barluenga José , Fañanás‐Mastral Martín , Fernández Amadeo , Aznar Fernando 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of compounds containing a quinoline moiety by using o‐aminophenyl alkynyl Fischer carbene complexes as starting materials is described. The reaction is based on a cascade process involving [1,5]‐hydride transfer/cyclization to afford new alkenylcarbene complexes with quinoline moiety 2. The reaction of alkenyl complexes 2 with unsaturated substrates such as electron‐poor alkynes afford furo[2′,3′‐3,4]cyclopenta[1,2‐c]quinolinone derivatives 6 and (1,2‐dihydroquinolin‐3‐ylvinyl)malonates 12 when propiolic aldehydes and propiolates are used, respectively. The reactivity of the alkenylcarbene complexes was also studied by using 1,3‐dienes to afford cyclohepta[c]quinolinones 17 when Danishefsky's diene is used and 3‐pirimidinylquinoline derivatives 21 when 4‐amino‐1‐azadienes are employed.
Dispersive transport of biomolecules in periodic energy landscapes with application to nanofilter sieving arrays
Authors: Li Zi Rui , Liu Gui Rong , Hadjiconstantinou Nicolas G. , Han Jongyoon , Wang Jian‐Sheng , Chen Yu Zong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present a theoretical model for describing the electric field‐driven migration and dispersion of short anisotropic molecules in nanofluidic filter arrays. The model uses macrotransport theory to derive exact integral‐form expressions for the effective mobility and diffusivity of Brownian particles moving in an effective one‐dimensional energy landscape. The latter is obtained by modeling the anisotropic molecules as point‐sized Brownian particles with their orientational degrees of freedom accounted for by an entropy penalty term, and using a systematic projection procedure for reducing the system dimensionality to the device axial dimension. Our analytical results provide guidance for the design and optimization of nanofluidic separation systems without the need for complex numerical simulations. Comparison with numerical solution of the macrotransport equations in the actual, effectively two‐dimensional, geometry shows that the one‐dimensional model faithfully describes the field‐ and size‐dependences of mobility and diffusivity, with maximum difference on the order of 10% under the experimentally relevant electric fields.
Displacement controlled rocking behaviour of rigid objects
Authors: Kafle Bidur , Lam Nelson T. K. , Gad Emad F. , Wilson John 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe capacity of a gravity structure to counter seismically induced overturning can only be estimated with good accuracy using a dynamic analysis of the rotational (rocking) motion involving large displacement theory. Seismic assessment employing quasi‐static analysis can be overly conservative if the reserve capacity of this type of rocking structure to displace without overturning is not taken into account. It was revealed through dynamic testing on a shaking table that the overturning hazards of ground shaking are best represented by the peak displacement demand (PDD) parameter and that the vulnerability to overturning instability decreases with the increasing size of the object when the aspect ratio is held constant. This finding has important implications on the engineering of structures for countering moderate ground shaking in regions of low and moderate seismicity. Experimental data were validated and supplemented by computer simulations that involved generating artificial accelerograms of designated earthquake scenarios and non‐linear time‐history analyses of the overturning motions. Based on these simulations, fragility curves were constructed for estimating the probability of overturning for given levels of PDD and for different specimen dimensions. An expression was developed for estimating the level of PDD required to overturn rectangular objects of given dimensions for 5% probability of exceedance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primate milk: Proximate mechanisms and ultimate perspectives
Authors: Hinde Katie , Milligan Lauren A 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo understand the evolutionary forces that have shaped primate lactation strategies, it is important to understand the proximate mechanisms of milk synthesis and their ecological and phylogenetic contexts. The lactation strategy of a species has four interrelated dimensions: the frequency and duration of nursing bouts, the period of lactation until weaning, the number and sex ratio of infants that a mother rears simultaneously, and the composition and yield of the milk that mothers synthesize. Milk synthesis, arguably the most physiologically costly component of rearing infants, remains the least studied. Energy transfer becomes energetically less efficient, transitioning from placental support to milk synthesis1, 2 just as the energy requirements for infant growth, development, and behavioral activity substantially increase. Here we review primate lactation biology and milk synthesis, integrating studies from anthropology, biology, nutrition, animal science, immunology, and biochemistry, to identify the derived and ancestral features of primate milks and enhance our understanding of primate life history.
Is there a health penalty of China's rapid urbanization?
Authors: Van de Poel E. , O'Donnell O. , Van Doorslaer E. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYWhile highly pertinent to the human welfare consequences of development, the impact of rapid urbanization on population health is not obvious. This paper uses community and individual‐level longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey to estimate the net health impact of China's unprecedented urbanization. We construct an index of urbanicity from a broad set of community characteristics and define urbanization in terms of movements across the distribution of this index. We use difference‐in‐differences estimators to identify the treatment effect of urbanization on the self‐assessed health of individuals. We find that urbanization raises the probability of reporting of poor health and that a greater degree of urbanization has a larger effect. The effect may, in part, be attributable to changed health expectations, but it also appears to operate through health behaviour. Populations experiencing urbanization tend to consume more fat and smoke more. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time trends and latitudinal differences in melanoma thickness distribution in Australia, 1990–2006
Authors: Baade Peter , Meng Xingqiong , Youlden Danny , Aitken Joanne , Youl Philippa 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study investigated time trends and latitude differentials in the thickness distributions of invasive melanomas diagnosed in Australia between 1990 and 2006 using data from population‐based cancer registries. Trends in incidence rates were calculated by sex, age group, thickness, year at diagnosis and latitude. For thin (<1.00mm) melanomas the increase was very pronounced during the early 1990s (1990–1996, annual percentage change and 95% confidence interval: males +5.6(+3.5,+7.7); females +4.1(+1.7,+6.5), but then incidence rates became stable among both males (+0.6(−0.1,+1.4)) and females (−0.0(−0.9,+0.9)) of all ages between 1996 and 2006. In contrast, incidence of thick (>4.00 mm) melanomas continued to increase over the entire period (males +2.6(+1.9,+3.4); females +1.6(+0.6,+2.6)). Recent reductions in the incidence of thin melanomas were observed among young (<50 years) males and females, contrasted by an increase in thin melanomas among older people, and increases in thick melanomas among most age groups for males and elderly (75+) females. A strong latitude gradient in incidence rates was observed, with rates being highest in northern, more tropical areas and lowest in the most southern regions. However, the magnitude of the increase in thick melanomas was most pronounced in southern parts of Australia. The observed trends in thin melanomas can most likely be attributed to the impact of early detection and skin awareness campaigns. However, these efforts have not impacted on the continued increase in the incidence of thick melanomas, although some increase may be due to earlier detection of metastasising melanomas. This highlights the need for continued vigilance in early detection processes.
Highlighting the versatility of the tracerlab synthesis modules. Part 1: fully automated production of [18F]labelled radiopharmaceuticals using a Tracerlab FXFN
Authors: Shao Xia , Hoareau Raphaël , Hockley Brian G. , Tluczek Louis J. M. , Henderson Bradford D. , Padgett Henry C. , Scott Peter J. H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe field of radiochemistry is moving toward exclusive use of automated synthesis modules for production of clinical radiopharmaceutical doses. Such a move comes with many advantages, but also presents radiochemists with the challenge of re‐configuring synthesis modules for production of radiopharmaceuticals that require nonconventional radiochemistry while maintaining full automation. This review showcases the versatility of the Tracerlab FXFN synthesis module by presenting simple, fully automated methods for producing [18F]FLT, [18F]FAZA, [18F]MPPF, [18F]FEOBV, [18F]sodium fluoride, [18F]fluorocholine and [18F]SFB. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microglial cystatin F expression is a sensitive indicator for ongoing demyelination with concurrent remyelination
Authors: Ma Jianmei , Tanaka Kenji F. , Shimizu Takahiro , Bernard Claude C.A. , Kakita Akiyoshi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Pfeiffer Steven E. , Ikenaka Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDemyelination coincides with numerous changes of gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS). Cystatin F, which is a papain‐like lysosomal cysteine proteinase inhibitor that is normally expressed by immune cells and not in the brain, is massively induced in the CNS during acute demyelination. We found that microglia, which are monocyte/macrophage‐lineage cells in the CNS, express cystatin F only during demyelination. By using several demyelinating animal models and the spinal cord tissues from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, we examined spatiotemporal expression pattern of cystatin F by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We found that the timing of cystatin F induction matches with ongoing demyelination, and the places with cystatin F expression overlapped with the remyelinating area. Most interestingly, cystatin F induction ceased in chronic demyelination, in which remyelinating ability was lost. These findings demonstrate that the expression of cystatin F indicates the occurrence of ongoing demyelination/remyelination and the absence of cystatin F expression indicates the cessation of remyelination in the demyelinating area. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controllable versus uncontrollable information sources: effects on the image of turkey
Authors: Alvarez Maria D. , Campo Sara 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe study aims to determine the effect of controllable and uncontrollable sources of information on the country and destination image as two separate constructs. The research is carried out in the context of Turkey as a developing country through the use of a pre‐ and post‐experimental design with a control group. The study establishes the greater influence of the controllable sources (promotional video) as opposed to the uncontrollable ones (news video). The findings show that tourism promotional information improves Turkey's destination image and its preference in terms of visitation in contrast to the news, which do not significantly affect the image. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broadband microstrip phase shifters employing parallel stubs and ground slots
Authors: Bialkowski Marek , Wang Yifan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis letter describes the design of broadband microstrip phase shifters employing parallel stubs loading a main transmission line.To make these devices fully planar, a virtual short and ground slots terminating the stubs are used. The proposed design is demonstrated in examples of 45° and 22.5° phase shifters. Full‐wave simulation results show that the designed 45° phase shifter exhibits a phase shift of 45° ± 5° over the frequency band of 3–11 GHz while the 22.5° phase shifter exhibits a phase shift of 22.5° ± 2.5° over the frequency band of 3.7 to 11 GHz. These are accompanied by the return loss of about 10 dB across the same frequency ranges. The simulated performance is confirmed by experimental results which illustrate a phase shift of 45° ± 6.5° for the 45° phase shifter and 22.5° ± 2.6° for the 45° phase shifter over the frequency band of 3–11 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:723–728, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25825
Planar strip monopole with a chip‐capacitor‐loaded loop radiating feed for LTE/WWAN slim mobile phone application
Authors: Chen Shu‐Chuan , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA small‐size wideband internal mobile phone antenna formed by a planar strip monopole with a chip‐capacitor‐loaded loop radiating feed for achieving eight‐band long term evolution/wireless wide area network operation in the 698–960 and 1710–2690 MHz bands is presented. The antenna is suitable to be disposed on a small no‐ground board space (15 × 45 mm2) of the system circuit board and enclosed by an L‐shaped system ground plane of the mobile phone. On the protruded ground of the L‐shaped system ground plane, a universal series bus connector for the data port of the mobile phone can be accommodated without affecting the antenna performances. The antenna also shows a low profile of 3 mm above the circuit board, which makes it very promising for slim mobile phone applications. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested. Measured and simulated results are presented. The specific absorption rate results of the antenna are also analyzed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:952–958, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25845
Predistortion of a 100‐W base station high‐power amplifiers
Authors: Sun X. L. , Cheung S. W. , Yuk T. I. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article presents the design of a fifth‐order RF predistorter for use in a base‐station high‐power amplifier (HPA).The predistorter uses two intermodulation (IM) signal generators, with identical configuration, to individually generate the third‐ and fifth‐order inband intermodulation (IM3 and IM5) signals for cancellation of the third‐ and fifth‐order intermodulation distortion products (IMDP3 and IMDP5) at the output of the HPA. The IM signal generators are constructed using two Schottky diodes as non‐linear devices to generate the inband IM3 and IM5 signals. The proposed predistorter is designed and optimized using computer simulation. A hardware prototype is built and tested in a practical 100‐W HPA using a standard IS‐95 CDMA signal at 2.2 GHz. Measured results show that the spectral regrowth of the signal at the HPA output can be significantly suppressed over a wide range of output power levels. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:861–867, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25855
Composite right/left‐handed‐coupled line bandpass filter using the first negative resonant mode
Authors: Kim Hang , Park Jae‐Hyun , Lee Jeong‐Hae 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this letter, a high‐order composite right/left‐handed (CRLH)‐coupled line bandpass filter using the first negative resonant mode is presented. The unit‐cell structure of a half wavelength resonator is composed of an interdigital capacitor for a series capacitance and a shorted stub for a shunt inductance, respectively. The design equations are derived from those of a conventional coupled line filter. The even‐mode and odd‐mode impedances of a CRLH‐coupled line section are obtained using full wave simulation to complete the design equations. An insertion loss of a CRLH filter is suppressed from 2.1 to 1.1 dB by adding via hole in the end of resonators. The size of a CRLH filter is reduced by 53%, compared with that of conventional coupled line bandpass filter. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:943–947, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25856
Miniaturized zeroth‐order resonator based on simplified CRLH TL structure
Authors: Wang Zheng‐Ping , Han Zhen‐Yu , Guo Li‐Min 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA novel miniaturized zeroth‐order resonator (ZOR) using a simplified composite right/left‐handed transmission line structure is proposed. The ZOR consists of only microstrip line and grounded stub. Compared with the conventional half‐wavelength resonator, the superiority of the ZOR proposed here mainly lies in its compact size. In addition, it is easy to tune the zeroth‐order resonant frequency, thanks to its simple structure and easy fabrication. The full‐wave simulation and experiment are carried out on a four‐cell ZOR and a one‐cell ZOR. A good agreement between the simulated and experimental results verifies that the proposed method is feasible. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:848–852, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25868
Miniaturize size of dual band branch‐line coupler by implementing reduced series arm of coupler with stub loaded
Authors: Jizat N. M. , Rahim S.K. A. , Rahman T. A. , Kamarudin M. R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn extremely reduced size branch‐line coupler operating at dual frequencies of WLAN band 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz is presented which is 58% smaller compared to the conventional design. The technique presented introduces the combination method in which the length of series lines is half than the length of shunt branch lines and the loading of stub tapped to the center of the series branch line that forms the couplers arms. Furthermore, the coupler accurately divides the input signal by two parts with the same power and 90° phase difference. Also, the reflection coefficient and the isolation are as good as conventional one. The agreement of the measurement and simulated confirms the theory and validates the proposed coupler design. The measurement shows 33.83% and 9.22% bandwidth for the lower and upper frequency, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:819–822, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25869
Fiber optic accelerometer based on long period fiber grating induced by CO2 laser pulses
Authors: Shi Cuihua , Zhu Tao , Rao Yunjiang , Deng Ming 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn accelerometer based on the strain and bend characteristics of long period fiber grating (LPFG), which fabricated in common communication optical single mode fiber by using CO2 laser pulses, is investigated in this article. The relationship between vibration of the uniform strength beam and the light intensity of LPFG is analyzed. Experimental results show that the acceleration measuring system has a sensitivity of ∼2.82 v/g. The error between theoretical and experimental value is about 0.82%. Such kind of accelerometers have many advantages as low cost, a high sensitivity, can withstand temperatures up to 800°C, and achieve temperature self‐compensation. It would have great potential applications in measuring in real‐time and high temperature place. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:841–845, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25875
Microstrip low pass filter with wideband rejection using opened circuit stubs and Z‐slots defected ground structures
Authors: Mohra Ashraf S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new microstrip low pass filter (LPF) with defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed in this article.The DGSs consists of reshaped rectangular dumbbell slot and four groups of Z‐shape slots. The microstrip line with DGS gave good rejection band extend from 3.0 to 9 GHz with acceptable pass band. The microstrip line with open circuit stubs (without DGS) gave good rejection band at the high frequency from 9 to 14 GHz. Using both structures results in LPF with wideband rejection from 3.37 to 14 GHz with attenuation less than (−26.0dB) and good passband less than (−25 dB). An equivalent circuit for the proposed LPF was given. The realized filter size was 34.0 × 34.0 mm2, and it gave good agreement with simulated results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:811–815, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25876