bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-assisted structural health monitoring: acoustic emission analysis and domain adaptation with intelligent fiber optic signal processing
Authors: Huang Xuhui , Elshafiey Obaid , Mukherjee Subrata , Karim Farzia , Zhu Yupeng , Udpa Lalita , Han Ming , Deng Yiming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Structural health monitoring aims to detect damage progression in materials. This study focuses on categorizing crack stages, a critical aspect of monitoring structural integrity. By leveraging acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, cracks can be analyzed in a data-driven manner. However, applying AE analysis poses several challenges, including discrepancies between simulated AE data from models and experimental data from the field, as well as class imbalance in crack progression data, with a scarcity of late-stage data. To bridge the gap between theory and experiments, our approach employs domain adaptation to synchronize simulated and actual AE data. The model learns robust domain-invariant features through meticulous experimentation across training epochs. Quantitative analysis of the model’s performance provides key insights. F1 scores vary with feature counts, and domain adaptation outperforms by 20% on highly imbalanced datasets. This emphasizes the model’s adaptability for precise crack classification, even with underrepresented damage classes. In summary, this study advances structural health monitoring by offering a solid AE analysis approach. Core contributions include reconciling simulated and experimental data discrepancies, tackling class imbalance, optimizing feature extraction, and demonstrating robust crack stage categorization. The insights gained highlight the merits of domain adaptation and data-driven AE analysis for predicting crack progression.
Remote monitoring of sleep disorder using FBG sensors and FSO transmission system enabled smart vest
Authors: Kanwal Firdos , Atieh Ahmad , Ghafoor Salman , Haq Anwar-ul , Qureshi Khurram Karim , Aziz Imran , Mirza Jawad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Optical sensors, particularly fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have achieved a fast ingress into the fields of medical diagnostic and vital signs monitoring. Wearable smart textiles equipped with FBG sensors are catching huge research attention in different applications for measurement and monitoring of physiological parameters. In this paper, we report a simple technique for remote monitoring of sleep disorder using a smart vest implemented with four FBG stress sensors located at different sides of the vest and free space optics (FSO) transmission system. The sleep disorder of the patient is monitored in real time through shifts in the original Bragg wavelengths of sensors by stress loading during random changes in patient’s sleeping postures. The reflected wavelength from a stress loaded sensor at a certain posture is transmitted over 0.5 km long FSO channel towards remote medical center, photodetected, and then can be processed in a PC to record the restlessness in a certain time interval in terms of total number of times sleeping postures are changed, total time spent at a certain posture etc. To correctly detect the stress loaded FBG sensor at the medical center, various parameters of FBG sensors and demultiplexer are carefully adjusted to minimize the power leakages from unloaded sensors that may result into errors in the detection. Maximum dynamic range around 45 dB has been achieved ensuring accurate detection. This study not only provides a cost-efficient and non-intrusive solution for monitoring the sleep disorder of patients but also can be used for real-time monitoring of various other ailments, such as lung, brain, and cardiac diseases in future.
‘Edupreneurship’
Authors: Hebbar N. Nandini 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Arguing that ‘institutional’ big men (periya aal) have played a significant role in transforming higher education in Tamil Nadu through ‘edupreneurship’, this chapter focuses on their portrayals of power and their characterization of education in familial and gendered terms. This chapter provides further context to the expansion in higher education by mapping how private engineering education has gone hand in hand with models of patronage, philanthropy, and electoral politics in urban and semi-urban milieus in Tamil Nadu. These details serve as necessary background reading to understand the ways in which the college serves as an institution of (im)mobility even as it fuels the aspiration for engineering education.
Neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhages: the potential of quantitative brainstem MRI
Authors: Kienast Patric , Schmidbauer Victor , Yildirim Mehmet Salih , Seeliger Selina , Stuempflen Marlene , Elis Julia , Giordano Vito , Fuiko Renate , Olischar Monika , Vierlinger Klemens , Noehammer Christa , Berger Angelika , Prayer Daniela , Kasprian Gregor , Goeral Katharina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This retrospective study aimed to identify quantitative magnetic resonance imaging markers in the brainstem of preterm neonates with intraventricular hemorrhages. It delves into the intricate associations between quantitative brainstem magnetic resonance imaging metrics and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage, aiming to elucidate potential relationships and their clinical implications.

Materials and methods
Neuroimaging was performed on preterm neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage using a multi-dynamic multi-echo sequence to determine T1 relaxation time, T2 relaxation time, and proton density in specific brainstem regions. Neonatal outcome scores were collected using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Statistical analysis aimed to explore potential correlations between magnetic resonance imaging metrics and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Results
Sixty preterm neonates (mean gestational age at birth 26.26 ± 2.69 wk; n = 24 [40%] females) were included. The T2 relaxation time of the midbrain exhibited significant positive correlations with cognitive (r = 0.538, P &lt; 0.0001, Pearson’s correlation), motor (r = 0.530, P &lt; 0.0001), and language (r = 0.449, P = 0.0008) composite scores at 1 yr of age.

Conclusion
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging can provide valuable insights into neurodevelopmental outcomes after intraventricular hemorrhage, potentially aiding in identifying at-risk neonates. Multi-dynamic multi-echo sequence sequences hold promise as an adjunct to conventional sequences, enhancing the sensitivity of neonatal magnetic resonance neuroimaging and supporting clinical decision-making for these vulnerable patients.
The simple economics of an external shock to a bug bounty platform
Authors: Zrahia Aviram , Gandal Neil , Markovich Sarit , Riordan Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We first provide background on the “nuts and bolts” of a bug bounty platform: a two-sided marketplace that connects firms and individual security researchers (“ethical” hackers) to facilitate the discovery of software vulnerabilities. Researchers get acknowledged for valid submissions, but only the first submission of a distinct vulnerability is rewarded money in this tournament-like setting. We then empirically examine the effect of an exogenous external shock (COVID-19) on Bugcrowd, one of the leading platforms. The shock presumably reduced the opportunity set for many security researchers who might have lost their jobs or been placed on a leave of absence. We show that the exogenous shock led to a huge rightward shift in the supply curve and increased the number of submissions and new researchers on the platform. During the COVID period, there was a significant growth in duplicate (already known) valid submissions, leading to a lower probability of winning a monetary reward. The supply increase resulted in a significant decline in the equilibrium price of valid submissions, mostly due to this duplicate submission supply-side effect. The results suggest that had there been a larger increase in the number of firms and bug bounty programs on the platform, many more unique software vulnerabilities could have been discovered.
A case report of transthyretin amyloidosis following cardiac transplantation: thick ventricles that look alike
Authors: Lauwers Charlotte , Rosseel Thomas , Droogné Walter , Van Aelst Lucas N L , Van Cleemput Johan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is more prevalent than initially thought. As much as 13% of patients hospitalized with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction may have ATTR-cardiomyopathy (CM). Conversely, heart transplant patients may manifest left ventricular hypertrophy or diastolic dysfunction, especially late after transplantation.

Case summary
We present a case of a 82-year-old male heart transplant patient, 31 years following orthotopic heart transplantation. While he was satisfied with his exercise capacity as an octogenarian, several years before, he required pacemaker implantation due to third-degree atrioventricular block, had bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome treated with carpal tunnel release surgery, and experienced idiopathic sudden deafness. Based on increasing left ventricular wall thickness during routine follow-up, a diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis was suspected. Ultimately, the diagnosis was confirmed non-invasively with a specific scintigraphic exam, while an additional physicochemical stain on an endomyocardial biopsy taken several years before provided pathological proof. We initiated tafamidis, yet stopped this treatment after 1 month because of gastrointestinal intolerance. Ultimately, our patient died 2 years later due to heart failure.

Discussion
Our case shows the long delay between the onset of ATTR deposition, the presence of clinical signs, and the final diagnosis. Echocardiographic findings suggestive for ATTR-CM include left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, which are both common in heart transplant patients. Yet, ATTR-CM should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially late after transplantation, in this closely monitored population.
Classical multidimensional scaling on metric measure spaces
Authors: Lim Sunhyuk , Mémoli Facundo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study a generalization of the classical multidimensional scaling procedure (cMDS) which is applicable in the setting of metric measure spaces. Metric measure spaces can be seen as natural ‘continuous limits’ of finite data sets. Given a metric measure space ${\mathcal{X}} = (X,d_{X},\mu _{X})$, the generalized cMDS procedure involves studying an operator which may have infinite rank, a possibility which leads to studying its traceability. We establish that several continuous exemplar metric measure spaces such as spheres and tori (both with their respective geodesic metrics) induce traceable cMDS operators, a fact which allows us to obtain the complete characterization of the metrics induced by their resulting cMDS embeddings. To complement this, we also exhibit a metric measure space whose associated cMDS operator is not traceable. Finally, we establish the stability of the generalized cMDS method with respect to the Gromov–Wasserstein distance.
Paediatric antibiotic prescribing in a nationwide direct-to-consumer telemedicine platform in France, 2018–2021
Authors: Melot Bénédicte , Launay Elise , Drouet Florian , Salomon Julie , Toubiana Julie , Grosjean Julien , Duclos Catherine , Cohen Jérémie F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Recent regulatory and reimbursement changes facilitated the development of teleconsultation within primary care. French guidance advises against antibiotic prescribing in children in teleconsultation. We assessed paediatric antibiotic prescribing on a French teleconsultation platform.

Methods
This cross-sectional observational study analysed paediatric (0–14 years) visits on a national direct-to-consumer teleconsultation platform between January 2018 and December 2021. Teleconsultations with complete information regarding diagnosis (ICD-10 coding) and prescriptions were included. We assessed antibiotic prescription rates per 100 visits across diagnoses and used logistic regression to identify factors associated with antibiotic prescribing.

Results
In the 37 587 included paediatric teleconsultations (median age 3 years) performed by 713 general practitioners (GPs) and 89 paediatricians, antibiotics were prescribed for 12.1%. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) accounted for 49.5% of antibiotic prescriptions. Antibiotic prescription rates per 100 visits were: sinusitis, 69.5%; urinary tract infections, 62.2%; pharyngitis, 59.0%; pneumonia, 45.5%; otitis, 46.6%; bronchitis, 19.6%; rhinitis, 11.6%; bronchiolitis 6.6%. Antibiotic prescription rates were higher in GPs than paediatricians [OR 2.21 (IC95% 2.07–2.35)], among physicians aged 45–54 and over 65 [OR 1.66 (1.48–1.85) and 1.48 (1.32–1.66), respectively], in female practitioners [OR 1.13 (1.05–1.21)], in children 3–6 years old [OR 1.41 (1.28–1.56)] and over 6 [OR 1.50 (1.35–1.66)], during winter [OR 1.28 (1.21–1.37)] and for RTIs [OR 1.99 (1.87–2.10)]. Antibiotic prescription rates were lower in doctors with extensive experience in teleconsultation [OR 0.92 (0.86–0.98)].

Conclusions
Despite current recommendations, paediatric patients were frequently prescribed antibiotics during acute care teleconsultations. Specific antibiotic stewardship campaigns should target paediatric teleconsultations.
Small intestine metastasis from endometrial carcinoma initially presented as enterocutaneous fistula: a case report and literature review
Authors: Nikolovski Andrej , Limani Nimetula , Ristova Tancheva Aleksandra , Manasievska Bogoevska Antonela , Krsteska Blagica 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although endometrial cancer is the fourth most common malignancy among women, it rarely metastasizes to the small intestine. Cases of endometrial recurrence to the intestine clinically present with secondary anemia, melena, abdominal cramps, and epigastric pain. Only a dozen cases are reported in the literature, but none presented with an enterocutaneous fistula. In this report, we present a case of an 88-year-old female patient previously treated for endometrial adenocarcinoma with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Fourteen months after the surgery, the patient presented with an enterocutaneous fistula on the anterior abdominal wall, which was confirmed to be a metastasis from the primary tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first case of endometrial cancer metastasizing to the small intestine with involvement of the anterior abdominal wall and the occurrence of an enterocutaneous fistula, which was treated with radical surgery.
Apophis: may a meteor activity happen on Earth after the 2029 closest approach?
Authors: Valvano G , Sfair R , Winter O C , Machado-Oliveira R , Borderes-Motta G 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The potentially hazardous asteroid 99942 Apophis will have a very close approach to the Earth in 2029. The encounter on its own may provide measurements of Earth’s effects on Apophis’ surface and also contribute to the improvement of some physical characteristics of the asteroid. In a previous work, we assumed the existence of a hypothetical disc of particles around Apophis before the 2029 encounter, and identified the particles that would escape from the gravity domain of Apophis due to the Earth's gravitational perturbation during the close encounter. In the current work, we investigate the possibility of a meteor activity originating from this event. We study the orbital evolution of these particles computing the MOIDs of the particles with respect to the Earth for the following 200 yr. Our results are not favourable for a meteor activity on Earth. However, a meteoroid activity on the Moon might happen during the encircling period after 88 yr of the 2029 encounter.
Transcription factor shapes chromosomal conformation and regulates gene expression in bacterial adaptation
Authors: Chen Mao , Wu Bo , Huang Yuhuan , Wang Weiting , Zheng Yudi , Shabbir Samina , Liu Panting , Dai Yonghua , Xia Mengli , Hu Guoquan , He Mingxiong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Genomic mutations allow bacteria to adapt rapidly to adverse stress environments. The three-dimensional conformation of the genome may also play an important role in transcriptional regulation and environmental adaptation. Here, using chromosome conformation capture, we investigate the high-order architecture of the Zymomonas mobilis chromosome in response to genomic mutation and ambient stimuli (acetic acid and furfural, derived from lignocellulosic hydrolysate). We find that genomic mutation only influences the local chromosome contacts, whereas stress of acetic acid and furfural restrict the long-range contacts and significantly change the chromosome organization at domain scales. Further deciphering the domain feature unveils the important transcription factors, Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) proteins, which act as nucleoid-associated proteins to promote long-range (&gt;200 kb) chromosomal communications and regulate the expression of genes involved in stress response. Our work suggests that ubiquitous transcription factors in prokaryotes mediate chromosome organization and regulate stress-resistance genes in bacterial adaptation.
Fluoropyrimidines trigger decay of hypomodified tRNA in yeast
Authors: Görlitz Katharina , Bessler Larissa , Helm Mark , Schaffrath Raffael , Klassen Roland 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Therapeutic fluoropyrimidines 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) are in long use for treatment of human cancers and severe invasive fungal infections, respectively. 5-Fluorouridine triphosphate represents a bioactive metabolite of both drugs and is incorporated into target cells’ RNA. Here we use the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae to define fluorinated tRNA as a key mediator of 5-FU and 5-FC cytotoxicity when specific tRNA methylations are absent. tRNA methylation deficiency caused by loss of Trm4 and Trm8 was previously shown to trigger an RNA quality control mechanism resulting in partial destabilization of hypomodified tRNAValAAC. We demonstrate that, following incorporation into tRNA, fluoropyrimidines strongly enhance degradation of yeast tRNAValAAC lacking Trm4 and Trm8 dependent methylations. At elevated temperature, such effect occurs already in absence of Trm8 alone. Genetic approaches and quantification of tRNA modification levels reveal that enhanced fluoropyrimidine cytotoxicity results from additional, drug induced uridine modification loss and activation of tRNAValAAC decay involving the exonuclease Xrn1. These results suggest that inhibition of tRNA methylation may be exploited to boost therapeutic efficiency of 5-FU and 5-FC.
Prokaryotic Argonaute nuclease cooperates with co-encoded RNase to acquire guide RNAs and target invader DNA
Authors: Agapov Aleksei , Panteleev Vladimir , Kropocheva Ekaterina , Kanevskaya Anna , Esyunina Daria , Kulbachinskiy Andrey 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Argonautes are an evolutionary conserved family of programmable nucleases that identify target nucleic acids using small guide oligonucleotides. In contrast to eukaryotic Argonautes (eAgos) that act on RNA, most studied prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgos) recognize DNA targets. Similarly to eAgos, pAgos can protect prokaryotic cells from invaders, but the biogenesis of guide oligonucleotides that confer them specificity to their targets remains poorly understood. Here, we have identified a new group of RNA-guided pAgo nucleases and demonstrated that a representative pAgo from this group, AmAgo from the mesophilic bacterium Alteromonas macleodii, binds guide RNAs of varying lengths for specific DNA targeting. Unlike most pAgos and eAgos, AmAgo is strictly specific to hydroxylated RNA guides containing a 5′-adenosine. AmAgo and related pAgos are co-encoded with a conserved RNA endonuclease from the HEPN superfamily (Ago-associated protein, Agap-HEPN). In vitro, Agap cleaves RNA between guanine and adenine nucleotides producing hydroxylated 5′-A guide oligonucleotides bound by AmAgo. In vivo, Agap cooperates with AmAgo in acquiring guide RNAs and counteracting bacteriophage infection. The AmAgo-Agap pair represents the first example of a pAgo system that autonomously produces RNA guides for DNA targeting and antiviral defense, which holds promise for programmable DNA targeting in biotechnology.
Hemizygous deletion of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B with p16 immuno-negative and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase retention predicts poor prognosis in IDH-mutant adult glioma
Authors: Otsuji Ryosuke , Hata Nobuhiro , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Kuga Daisuke , Hatae Ryusuke , Sangatsuda Yuhei , Fujioka Yutaka , Noguchi Naoki , Sako Aki , Togao Osamu , Yoshitake Tadamasa , Nakamizo Akira , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Yoshimoto Koji 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Homozygous deletion of the tumor suppression genes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) is a strong adverse prognostic factor in IDH-mutant gliomas, particularly astrocytoma. However, the impact of hemizygous deletion of CDKN2A/B is unknown. Furthermore, the influence of CDKN2A/B status in IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma remains controversial. We examined the impact of CDKN2A/B status classification, including hemizygous deletions, on the prognosis of IDH-mutant gliomas.

Methods
We enrolled 101 adults with IDH-mutant glioma between December 2002 and November 2021. CDKN2A/B deletion was evaluated with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Immunohistochemical analysis of p16/MTAP and promoter methylation analysis with methylation-specific MLPA was performed for cases with CDKN2A/B deletion. Kaplan − Meier plots and Cox proportion hazards model analyses were performed to evaluate the impact on overall (OS) and progression-free survival.

Results
Of 101 cases, 12 and 4 were classified as hemizygous and homozygous deletion, respectively. Immunohistochemistry revealed p16-negative and MTAP retention in cases with hemizygous deletion, whereas homozygous deletions had p16-negative and MTAP loss. In astrocytoma, OS was shorter in the order of homozygous deletion, hemizygous deletion, and copy-neutral groups (median OS: 38.5, 59.5, and 93.1 months, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed hazard ratios of 9.30 (P = .0191) and 2.44 (P = .0943) for homozygous and hemizygous deletions, respectively.

Conclusions
CDKN2A/B hemizygous deletions exerted a negative impact on OS in astrocytoma. Immunohistochemistry of p16/MTAP can be utilized to validate hemizygous or homozygous deletions in combination with conventional molecular diagnosis.