bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When history constrains identity: Expressing the self to others against the backdrop of a problematic past
Authors: Morton Thomas A. , Sonnenberg Stefanie J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNegative histories threaten collective identity. Much research has focussed on how group members strategically defend against such threats. However, within certain groups such defence is difficult—because the group's past actions were unambiguously negative and because these were public and continue to frame relations with outgroups. We explored the consequences of this form of identity constraint on the individual's experience of the self. Two studies varied the salience of the past as German participants expressed their national identity to either an ingroup (German) or outgroup (English) audience. In both studies expressing German identity to an outgroup audience when the past was salient resulted in a more fragmented sense of self and reduced self‐esteem. This effect was mediated through a perceived inability to enact the self. Results are discussed with respect to the power of context to constrain identity expression, and the consequences of this for the self. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gully, channel and hillslope erosion – an assessment for a traditionally managed catchment
Authors: Hancock G R , Evans K G 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUnderstanding landscape features such as gullying and soil erosion is an important issue in the long‐term dynamics and evolution of both natural, agricultural and rehabilitated (i.e. post‐mining) landscapes. Considerable research has been undertaken examining the initiation, movement and overall dynamics of such features. This study reports on a series of 34 gully heads and other erosion features, such as scour holes (five in total), located in channels in a catchment largely undisturbed by European activity in the Northern Territory, Australia over a 5 year period (2002–2007). During this period the erosion features were monitored for their headward advance/retreat, enlargement or in‐filling. The erosion features ranged in depth from 0.2 m to 1.5 m and widths of 0.3 m to 8 m. Hillslope erosion was also monitored using erosion pins. The catchment was subject to a range of rainfall regimes including extreme rainfall and a Category 5 cyclone and also was burnt every second year so that all grass cover was removed according to traditional management practice. The results of this monitoring show that the erosion features have changed little during this 5 year period. A remote sensing assessment found no relationship between erosion feature morphology and hillslope erosion. The monitored gullies heads and scour holes appear to be resilient landscape features, yet have a morphology that suggests they are ready for rapid headward movement and expansion, leading to a destabilisation of the catchment. Hillslope erosion was found to be related to wetness indices derived from a digital elevation model. Significant linkages were found between hillslope erosion and change in erosion feature depth, indicative of a strong hillslope–channel coupling. Copyright © 2010 Commonwealth of Australia
The cholinergic system in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: An in vivo MRI and DTI study
Authors: Teipel Stefan J. , Meindl Thomas , Grinberg Lea , Grothe Michel , Cantero Jose L. , Reiser Maximilian F. , Möller Hans‐Jürgen , Heinsen Helmut , Hampel Harald 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFew studies have investigated in vivo changes of the cholinergic basal forebrain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an at risk stage of AD. Even less is known about alterations of cortical projecting fiber tracts associated with basal forebrain atrophy. In this study, we determined regional atrophy within the basal forebrain in 21 patients with AD and 16 subjects with MCI compared to 20 healthy elderly subjects using deformation‐based morphometry of MRI scans. We assessed effects of basal forebrain atrophy on fiber tracts derived from high‐resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using tract‐based spatial statistics. We localized significant effects relative to a map of cholinergic nuclei in MRI standard space as determined from a postmortem brain. Patients with AD and MCI subjects showed reduced volumes in basal forebrain areas corresponding to anterior medial and lateral, intermediate and posterior nuclei of the Nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM) as well as in the diagonal band of Broca nuclei (P < 0.01). Effects in MCI subjects were spatially more restricted than in AD, but occurred at similar locations. The volume of the right antero‐lateral NbM nucleus was correlated with intracortical projecting fiber tract integrity such as the corpus callosum, cingulate, and the superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, inferior fronto‐occipital, and uncinate fasciculus (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Our findings suggest that a multimodal MRI‐DTI approach is supportive to determine atrophy of cholinergic nuclei and its effect on intracortical projecting fiber tracts in AD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using spatial accessibility to identify polyclinic service gaps and volume of under‐served population in Singapore using Geographic Information System
Authors: Wong Lai Yin , Heng Bee Hoon , Cheah Jason Tiang Seng , Tan Chee Beng 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYPrimary care services in Singapore are provided by 18 Government‐funded polyclinics and about 1200 private General Practitioners (GPs). This study aims to examine the spatial accessibility to polyclinics and identify service gaps, and suggest optimal sites using Geographic Information System (GIS) to aid in future planning. A national database containing 3.6 million polyclinic visits in 2006 were geo‐analysed using ArcView GIS. Patients' travel impedance to the nearest polyclinic was computed using DriveTime to identify areas with the lowest spatial accessibility and highest volume of under‐served population. Jurong West and Sembawang were ranked as top areas with poor spatial accessibility to polyclinic services. ArcGIS was used to identify optimal sites with the minimum accumulated distance impedance to this under‐served population. If new facilities were set up at these identified sites, volume of visits by Jurong West and Sembawang patients who could access the nearest polyclinics within 4 km Euclidean distance from their residence would total at 123 000 and 93 000, respectively. Future efforts in polyclinic planning should take this into consideration to maximize patients' benefits and minimize patients' travelling costs in order to achieve social equity on healthcare access. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bis‐Aniline‐Crosslinked Enzyme–Metal Nanoparticle Composites on Electrodes for Bioelectronic Applications
Authors: Tel‐Vered Ran , Willner Itamar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe electrical contacting of redox enzymes with electrodes is the most fundamental requirement for the development of amperometric biosensors and biofuel cell elements. We describe a novel method to prepare electrically contacted metallic nanoparticles (NPs) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/enzyme hybrid composites on electrodes that act as amperometric biosensors or as the constituents of biofuel cells.Au NPs or Pt NPs were modified with thioaniline electropolymerizable groups, and so were the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOx) or bilirubin oxidase (BOD). Electrochemical polymerization of the thioaniline‐functionalized Pt NPs and GOx on a thioaniline monolayer‐modified Au surface led to the formation of a bis‐aniline‐bridged Pt NPs/GOx composite electrode that enabled the analysis of glucose through the electrocatalyzed reduction of H2O2. Similarly, a Pt NPs/BOD composite‐functionalized electrode showed electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of O2 to H2O. Also, a Au NPs/GOx composite‐functionalized electrode revealed direct electrical contacting between the enzyme and the electrode through the electrocatalytic reduction of the bis‐aniline bridges, and this enabled the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation and the amperometric sensing of glucose. Finally, a biofuel cell consisting of an anode modified with Nile blue/NAD+/alcohol dehydrogenase on carbon nanotubes, and a cathode composed of the bis‐aniline‐crosslinked Pt NPs/BOD composite was constructed. The biofuel cell operates with a power output corresponding to 200 μW cm‐2.
Expression, localization, and regulation of the neuregulin receptor ErbB3 in mouse heart
Authors: Campreciós Genís , Lorita Jordi , Pardina Eva , Peinado‐Onsurbe Julia , Soley Maria , Ramírez Ignasi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNeuregulins (NRG) belong to the EGF family of growth factors, which are ligands of the ErbB receptors. Their expression in the adult heart is essential, especially when the heart is submitted to cardiotoxic stress such as that produced by anthracyclines. It is considered that ErbB4 is the only NRG receptor expressed by the adult heart. Upon binding, ErbB4 may dimerize with ErbB2 to generate signals inside cells. However, here we show the presence of ErbB3 in the mouse heart from birth to adulthood by Western blotting and real‐time RT‐PCR. The expression level of ErbB3 mRNA was lower than that of ErbB2 or ErbB4, but was more stable throughout postnatal development. In isolated heart myocytes, ErbB3 localized to the Z‐lines similarly to ErbB1. Perfusion of isolated hearts with NRG‐1β induced phosphorylation of ErbB3, as well as ErbB2 and ErbB4. In adult mice, both ErbB2 and ErbB3, but not ErbB1 or ErbB4, were rapidly down‐regulated upon the induction of heart hypertrophy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ErbB3, in addition to ErbB4, is a receptor for neuregulin‐1β in the adult mouse heart. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 450–455, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
αVβ3 integrin regulates macrophage inflammatory responses via PI3 kinase/Akt‐dependent NF‐κB activation
Authors: Antonov Alexander S. , Antonova Galina N. , Munn David H. , Mivechi Nahid , Lucas Rudolf , Catravas John D. , Verin Alexander D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractControlling macrophage responses to pathogenic stimuli is critical for prevention of and recovery from the inflammatory state associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases. The adhesion receptor αVβ3 integrin is thought to be an important receptor that regulates macrophage differentiation and macrophage responses to external signaling, but it has not been previously identified as a contributor to macrophage‐related inflammation. Using an in vitro model of human blood monocytes (Mo) and monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) we demonstrate that αVβ3 ligation results in sustained increases of the transcription factor NF‐κB DNA‐binding activity, as compared with control isotype‐matched IgG1. Activation of NF‐κB parallels the increase of NF‐κB‐dependent pro‐inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in MDMs isolated from individual donors, for example, TNF‐α (8‐ to 28‐fold), IL‐1β (15‐ to 30‐fold), IL‐6 (2‐ to 4‐fold), and IL‐8 (5‐ to 15‐fold) whereas there is more than a 10‐fold decrease in IL‐10 mRNA level occurs. Upon ligation of the αVβ3 receptor, treatment with TNF‐α (10 ng/ml) or LPS (200 ng/ml, 1,000 EU) results in the enhanced and synergistic activation of NF‐κB and LPS‐induced TNF‐α secretion. As additional controls, an inhibitor of αVβ3 integrin, cyclic RGD (10 µg/ml; IC50 = 7.6 µM), attenuates the effects of αVβ3 ligation, and the natural ligand of αVβ3 integrin, vitronectin, reproduces the effects of αVβ3 activation by an immobilizing anti‐αVβ3 integrin mAb. We hypothesize that αVβ3 activation can maintain chronic inflammatory processes in pathological conditions and that the loss of αVβ3 ligation will allow macrophages to escape from the inflammatory state. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 469–476, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of pH on recombinant human growth hormone production by Pichia pastoris
Authors: Çalık Pınar , Bayraktar Eda , İnankur Bahar , Soyaslan Elif Ş. , Şahin Merve , Taşpınar Hatice , Açık Eda , Yılmaz Remziye , Özdamar Tunçer H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Effect of pH on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) production by Pichia pastoris hGH‐Mut+ was investigated at pH = 4.2, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0.RESULTS: The highest cell concentration was obtained at pH = 6.0 with 53 g L−1, while the highest rhGH concentration was attained at pH = 5.0 as 0.27 g L−1. Total protease secretion increased with increase in pH and with the cultivation time. Oxygen uptake rate increased with increasing pH up to pH = 6.0, having the maximum value, 37 mmol m−3 s−1, at pH = 5.5. KLa values were similar at all the conditions, having a maximum value of 0.14 s−1 at pH = 5.0. Taking the final rhGH concentration into account, the most favourable pH was 5.0; where AOX1 expression level showed a similar trend to AOX activity profiles, having the highest value of 9.4 × 1010 copy mg−1 CDW at t = 15 h; in parallel to AOX1 expression profile, hGH expression level increased until t = 15 h, with the highest value of 4.0 × 1010 copy mg−1 CDW, where a sharp increase in rhGH concentration was obtained. The expression levels of pep4, prb1 and prc1 genes, responsible from the production of proteinase A, proteinase B and, carboxypeptidase Y, were parallel to each other.CONCLUSION: Since it was shown that pH is a crucial operating parameter in fermentation processes using P. pastoris, keeping pH constant at its determined optimum value, pH = 5.0, during the bioprocess is vital in terms of recombinant protein production. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
LOCALISING THE GLOBAL, GLOBALISING THE LOCAL: THE ROLE OF THE INTERNET IN SHAPING GLOBALISATION DISCOURSE IN INDONESIAN NGOs
Authors: Nugroho Yanuar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGlobalisation arguably brings about socio‐economic development but the distribution of these benefits is unequal. Non‐governmental organisations (NGOs), whose growth has often been closely linked with globalisation, have been outspoken regarding this inequality. Despite clear linkages between NGOs and globalisation, there has been little research aiming at understanding how NGOs engage with the issue of globalisation itself. Using the case of Indonesia, this study aims to uncover how NGOs utilise the Internet to respond to globalisation‐related issues. NGOs should understand global issues in their local contexts and rearticulate more saliently for their beneficiaries. Technology can serve this purpose when used strategically. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Diffuse skin browning’ in 1‐MCP‐treated apples: etiology and systems of control
Authors: Larrigaudière Christian , Vilaplana Rosa , Recasens Inmaculada , Soria Yolanda , Dupille Eve 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: ‘Diffuse skin browning’ (DSB) is a physiological disorder that affects Golden Delicious apples treated with 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP). Although a very high incidence is found, very little is known about the etiology of this disorder. This study aims to provide an understanding of the causes of this disorder and prevent it.RESULTS: A very high incidence of DSB was found in 1‐MCP‐treated apples independent of the location of the orchard. Similar to superficial scald, harvest maturity determines the DSB incidence, with the more mature fruit being less sensitive. The 1‐MCP dose (156 nL L−1 or 625 nL L−1) and the temperature at which the 1‐MCP treatment was applied (0.5 or 20 °C) did not affect the incidence of DSB. Diphenylamine (DPA) treatment did not prevent DSB, contrary to superficial scald. Additionally, controlled atmosphere storage only partially reduced the incidence of DSB, whereas progressive cooling strategies completely inhibited DSB occurrence. A direct correlation was found between the sensitivity of the Golden Delicious clone to russeting and its sensitivity to develop DSB during storage.CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that DSB and superficial scald are two different disorders involving different oxidative processes. DSB can be prevented by progressive cooling and selection of russeting‐resistant clones. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Variation in saponin content during the growing season of spotted medic [Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.]
Authors: Pecetti Luciano , Biazzi Elisa , Tava Aldo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Spotted medic [Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.] is a minor forage species containing saponins which are reported to be biologically active. This study assessed the concentration and composition pattern of spotted medic saponins during the growing season and at senescence. The pattern of saponins was based on identification and quantification of their constituent sapogenins. At senescence, individual saponin concentrations of aerial and subterranean plant organs were also determined.RESULTS: Leaf total saponin content did not vary during the growing season and decreased remarkably at senescence. Seven sapogenins were identified and quantified during the season, bayogenin and hederagenin being the most abundant ones throughout. Total saponin content varied among plant organs at senescence, with the highest concentration in roots. A variable number of saponins from one (in seeds) to 19 (in leaves) were quantified. A clear relationship between leaf concentrations of sapogenins and those of their derivative saponins was revealed by correlation analysis.CONCLUSION: The species displayed a sapogenins/saponins pattern markedly different from those of other perennial or annual Medicago species. Saponins of queretaroic acid and 2β‐hydroxy queretaroic acid had no precedent in the Leguminosae. The high concentration of biologically active hederagenin suggested further assessment of possible effects on feeding animals. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Albedo hydrolysis modelling and digestion with reused effluents in the enzymatic peeling process of grapefruits
Authors: Pagán Axel , Conde Josep , Ibarz Albert , Pagán Jordi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Until now, the optimisation of enzymatic peeling of grapefruit in the reactor has been obtained as the result of the semi‐qualitative effects of enzyme activity. This work is an attempt to obtain quantified data. The reuse of enzymes to reduce costs in this process is unprecedented in the literature and is the aim of the present work.RESULTS: The optimal conditions determined for the maximum albedo degradation were a temperature of 40.6 °C and a time of 13.1 min in an enzymatic concentration of 0.067 mL enzymatic preparation per gram of peel in each litre of citrate buffer solution. The decrease in relative enzymatic activities in reused effluents was determined, as was the increase in activity when the enzymes were purified. These increases were 15.5% for polygalacturonase and 15.4% for cellulase activity.CONCLUSION: Optimal temperature, time and the ratio between peel mass and the enzymatic preparation volume were the best conditions for obtaining good peeling efficiency. The effluents from the enzymatic peeling process of the grapefruit still contain appreciable enzymatic activity after the digestion process. Thus, reusing these effluents while maintaining peeling efficacy and a subsequent recovery of the active enzymes by ultra‐filtration of the effluents is the way to improve the efficiency of the process. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Biochemical characterization of a bacteriocin‐like inhibitory substance produced by Enterococcus faecium MXVK29, isolated from Mexican traditional sausage
Authors: Alvarez‐Cisneros Yenizey M , Fernández Francisco J , Wacher‐Rodarte Carmen , Aguilar Manuel B , Sáinz Espuñes Teresita del Rosario , Ponce‐Alquicira Edith 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Enterococci are lactic acid bacteria that can produce bacteriocins, which may offer an additional hurdle to control the growth of food‐borne pathogens; moreover, these bacteriocins may have great potential as natural biopreservatives. The aim of this work was to characterize a bacteriocin‐like inhibitory substance (BLIS) with antilisterial activity produced by an enterococcal strain.RESULTS: The bacteriogenic strain was isolated from Mexican fermented sausages and identified as Enterococcus faecium with 99% sequence similarity. Maximal activity was detected at 16 h, where bacterial growth was in middle of the stationary phase. The producer strain was not inhibited by its own antimicrobial peptide. BLIS showed a strong anti‐Listeria activity and was inactivated by proteinase K. Heating (121 °C for 15 min) induced some inactivation, but thermotolerance was higher at acid pH values. The yield obtained with a pH‐mediated purification process was 32.7%, showing a band with an estimated molecular weight of 3.5 kDa. Automated N‐terminal Edman degradation showed the following sequence: YYGNGVTCGSHHCSVD.CONCLUSION: Biochemical characteristics of BLIS produced by E. faecium MXVK29 suggested that it belongs to Class IIa of the Klaenhammer classification and could be considered as a natural food preservative, although further studies need to be performed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of glutathione‐S‐transferase theta (GSTT1) and mu (GSTM1) gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan
Authors: Kao Chia‐Chun , Chen Mu‐Kuan , Kuo Wu‐Hsien , Chen Tzy‐Yen , Su Shih‐Chi , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Liu Chuen‐Lan , Chou Ming‐Chih , Tsai Hsiu‐Ting , Yang Shun‐Fa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer death in Taiwan. Genetic polymorphism has been reported as a factor for increased susceptibility of HCC. Glutathione‐S‐transferases theta (GSTT1) and mu (GSTM1) play essential roles in detoxification of ingested xenobiotics and modulation of the susceptibility of gene‐related cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the relationships between these two gene polymorphisms and HCC risk and clinicopathological status in Taiwanese.MethodsPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine gene polymorphisms of 102 patients with HCC and 386 healthy controls.ResultsBoth gene polymorphisms were not associated with the clinical pathological status of HCC and serum levels of liver‐related clinical pathological markers. While no relationship between GSTM1 gene polymorphism and HCC susceptibility was found, individuals of age <56 years old with GSTT1 present genotype have a risk of 2.77‐fold (95% CI: 1.09–7.09) for HCC compared to that with null variant, after adjustment for other confounders.ConclusionsGSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes do not associate with increased risk of HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:301–307. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.