bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wieviel Sicherheit braucht das Mauerwerk?
Authors: Jäger Wolfram , Nguyen Song Ha 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIm Laufe der Jahrzehnte wurde die deutsche Mauerwerksvorschrift DIN 1053 immer wieder fortgeschrieben und neuen Erkenntnissen und Erfordernissen angepasst [1] bis [7]. Seit geraumer Zeit liegt die 100‐er Version [7] zur Berechnung und Bemessung nach dem Teil‐sicherheitskonzept vor. Der Übergang auf den EC 6, der ebenfalls die Bemessung nach der Methode der Grenzzustände zur Grundlage hat, steht in diesem Jahr bevor. Immer wieder hat man sich bemüht, auf der Grundlage eines anerkannten Sicherheitsniveaus die Fortschreibung vorzunehmen. Die Berechnung und Bemessung ist schrittweise verfeinert worden. Mit dem Übergang auf das Teilsicherheitskonzept werden insbesondere Mauerwerksbauteile unter horizontaler Beanspruchung schärfer betrachtet. Die intensivere Rechnung und die detaillierte Berücksichtigung differenzierter Einflüsse sollten sich auch wirtschaftlich lohnen.Mit dem Beitrag erfolgt ein Rückblick auf das Sicherheitsniveau, auf das man sich in den beteiligten Kreisen mit der Ausgabe der DIN 1053 von 1990 [3] geeinigt hatte. Es wird dann der Frage nachgegangen, ob dieses Sicherheitsniveau, das über 20 Jahre Bestand hatte, nicht auch zur Kalibrierung beim Übergang auf das Teilsicherheitskonzept dienen kann.Die Betrachtungen beschränken sich auf vorwiegend vertikale Belastung von Mauerwerksbauteilen.How much safety needs masonry? Over the decades, the German standard for masonry DIN 1053 has been updated several times and adapted to new findings and requirements [1]–[7]. For certain time the part ‐100 [7] for analysis and design using partial safety concept is available. This year the transition to the EC 6, which also bases on the design according to the method of Iimit states is approaching. Consistently one has done his best to update the standard on the basis of a widely recognized safety Ievei. The analysis and design has been refined gradually. Especially masonry members under horizontal Ioads are considered more sharply with the transition to the partial safety concept. The more intensive calculation and detailed consideration of the differentiated effects should also be worthwhile economically.This contribution Iooks back at the safety Ievei that has been agreed on with the issue of the DIN 1053 of 1990 [3] by the persans involved. After that the question is then followed whether this safety Ievei that was accepted over the past 20 years, could not also serve as Basis for calibration in the transition to the partial safety concept.The considerations are limited to predominantly vertical loaded masonry members.
Persistence of self‐recruitment and patterns of larval connectivity in a marine protected area network
Authors: Berumen Michael L. , Almany Glenn R. , Planes Serge , Jones Geoffrey P. , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , Thorrold Simon R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe use of marine protected area (MPA) networks to sustain fisheries and conserve biodiversity is predicated on two critical yet rarely tested assumptions. Individual MPAs must produce sufficient larvae that settle within that reserve's boundaries to maintain local populations while simultaneously supplying larvae to other MPA nodes in the network that might otherwise suffer local extinction. Here, we use genetic parentage analysis to demonstrate that patterns of self‐recruitment of two reef fishes (Amphiprion percula and Chaetodon vagabundus) in an MPA in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, were remarkably consistent over several years. However, dispersal from this reserve to two other nodes in an MPA network varied between species and through time. The stability of our estimates of self‐recruitment suggests that even small MPAs may be self‐sustaining. However, our results caution against applying optimization strategies to MPA network design without accounting for variable connectivity among species and over time.
Supporting the Dawson (NH4)6P2Mo18O62 Heteropoly Compound: Controlling Its Molecular Behaviour to Enhance Its Catalytic Activity in the Propene Oxidation
Authors: Arendt Eglantine , Zehri Sanaa , Eloy Pierre , Gaigneaux Eric M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper shows how supporting the Dawson heteropoly compound (HPC) (NH4)6P2Mo18O62 opens up the possibility to enhance its catalytic activity by controlling its molecular behaviour. The effect of parameters such as the loading of the Dawson species onto a support and the nature of its interaction is explored by IR and Raman spectroscopy and correlated with its performance in the oxidation of propene. Active species in propene oxidation were formed during the Dawson HPC rearrangement occurring on a TiO2 support. When supported, the Dawson (NH4)6P2Mo18O62 HPC is beneficially activated during the catalytic process, which led to the formation of a supported active species. A conversion stability observed for the HPC/TiO2 samples with loading above 5 wt.‐% revealed that the Dawson HPC had to interact with the support to develop a stable activity. This arrangement seemed indeed to be the most suitable to reach a high conversion. On the contrary, it was proposed that isolated HPC species were more prone to destabilization due to the loss of the proximity between the anions in the HPC crystal lattice. This work will show that the catalytic systems operated very efficiently due to the redox properties of molybdenum atoms when in an HPC 3D framework. This could not have happened with low loadings as only fragments of the HPCs were present on the surface. The stabilization of catalytic activities observed in the supported catalysts with high loadings was associated with the stabilization of a Keggin‐like supported phase.
Local Environments Around Eu3+ and Eu2+ Ions in Dual Light‐Emitting BaSnO3:Eu Nanomaterials
Authors: Kanji Patel Dinesh , Sengupta Arijit , Vishwanadh Bathula , Sudarsan Vasanthakumaran , Kumar Vatsa Rajesh , Kadam Ramakant , Kumar Kulshreshtha Shailendra 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe change in the environment around Eu3+ and Eu2+ species as a function of their concentration in BaSnO3:Eu nanomaterials has been investigated by low‐temperature (77 K) luminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. These materials show dual emission from the europium ions upon single‐wavelength excitation. Europium ions (Eu3+ and Eu2+) occupy the centrosymmetric Ba2+ sites up to 4 atom‐% in BaSnO3, beyond which it forms a separate europium oxide phase with both Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions. There is energy transfer from the BaSnO3 host to the Eu2+ ions in the samples. Upon single‐wavelength UV excitation (280 nm) of the BaSnO3:Eu nanomaterials, strong emissions at 430, 480, 590 and 612 nm, characteristic of exciton recombination in the host BaSnO3 (430 nm), the 4f65d1(T2g)→4f 7(8S7/2) transition of Eu2+ (480 nm) and intra‐4f transitions of Eu3+ (590 and 612 nm) have been observed. For samples that contain more than 4 atom‐% europium ions based on steady‐state luminescence measurements and lifetime values that correspond to the 5D0 level of Eu3+ ions, it is inferred that there are mainly three types of Eu3+ ions: the first at Ba2+ sites with perfect dodecahedral geometry in the bulk of the nanomaterials, the second at Ba2+ sites at the surface of the nanomaterials and the third type as a separate europium oxide phase. Similarly, EPR specroscopy confirms the presence of three types of environments for the Eu2+ species.
Efficacy of anti‐insulin‐like growth factor I receptor monoclonal antibody cixutumumab in mesothelioma is highly correlated with insulin growth factor‐I receptor sites/cell
Authors: Kalra Neetu , Zhang Jingli , Yu Yunkai , Ho Mitchell , Merino Maria , Cao Liang , Hassan Raffit 
Published: February 2012

AbstractInsulin growth factor‐I receptor (IGF‐IR) is expressed in mesothelioma and therefore an attractive target for therapy. The antitumor activity of cixutumumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to IGF‐IR, in mesothelioma and relationship to IGF‐IR expression was investigated using eight early passage tumor cells obtained from patients, nine established cell lines and an in vivo human mesothelioma tumor xenograft model. Although IGF‐IR expression at the mRNA and protein level was present in all mesothelioma cells, using a quantitative ELISA immunoassay, there was considerable variability of IGF‐IR expression ranging from 1 to 14 ng/mg of lysate. Using flow cytometry, the number of IGF‐IR surface receptors varied from ≈2,000 to 50,000 sites/cell. Cells expressing >10,000 sites/cell had greater than 10% growth inhibition when treated with cixutumumab (100 μg/ml). Cixutumumab also induced antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated toxicity (>10% specific lysis) in cell lines, which had >20,000 IGF‐IR sites/cell. Treatment with cixutumumab decreased phosphorylation of IGF‐IR, Akt and Erk in cell lines, H226 and H28 having 24,000 and 51,000 IGF‐IR sites/cell, respectively, but not in the cell line H2052 with 3,000 IGF‐IR sites/cell. In vivo, cixutumumab treatment delayed growth of H226 mesothelioma tumor xenografts in mice and improved the overall survival of these mice compared to mice treated with saline (p < 0.004). Our results demonstrate that the antitumor efficacy of cixutumumab including inhibition of IGF‐IR downstream signaling is highly correlated with IGF‐IR sites/cell. A phase II clinical trial of cixutumumab is currently ongoing for the treatment of patients with mesothelioma.
Local and systemic toxicity of nanoscale debris particles in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Polyzois Ioannis , Nikolopoulos Dimitrios , Michos Ioannis , Patsouris Efstratios , Theocharis Stamatios 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTOver the past 30 years joint replacement prostheses have been developed and refined to enhance durability and reproducibility. Total hip joint arthroplasty is being performed in an increasing number of younger patients; therefore orthopaedic surgeons seek implants with a longer life span. With regards to the progress of mechanical behaviour of the biomaterials used in an arthroplasty, little is known about the long‐term biological effects of wear debris. Owing to the composition of the prostheses currently in use, systemic exposure to chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and aluminium (Al) alloys occurs as a result of the formation of metal wear nano‐particles that are released both from metal‐on‐metal and polyethylene‐on‐metal bearings, resulting in a postoperative increase in metal ion levels at different organ sites. These particles circulate both locally and systemically, penetrate cell plasma membranes, bind to cellular proteins and enzymes and modulate cytokine expression. Their physiologic effects are poorly understood and their potential toxicity, hypersensitivity and carcinogenicity remain a cause for concern. In this article we will address the issue of whether these nanoscale degradation products are associated with adverse, clinically significant local or systemic toxicologic sequelae. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring shear strength of soft‐tissue adhesives
Authors: Wang Muzhou , Kornfield Julia A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA method for evaluating strength of adhesives for hydrogels and soft tissues is presented. Quantitative measurements of shear strength for applications in tissue engineering and biomedicine are performed in torsion using a rheometer. Small, disk shaped specimens of soft biological tissues and/or hydrogels (8 mm diameter, 1–2 mm thick) are mounted onto rheometer tools and then bonded together using the adhesive to be tested. The torsional loading geometry imposes simple shear without deforming the planar adhesive bond, in contrast to the lap‐shear test. It retains the advantages of the napkin ring test while reducing artifacts due to cutting and handling soft specimens. The method is demonstrated by measuring the shear strength of two types of biomedical adhesives (cyanoacrylate and polyethylene glycol‐based) between model hydrogels (gelatin) and tissues (corneal stroma and skin). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Influence of carboxymethyl chitin on stability and biocompatibility of 3D nanohydroxyapatite/gelatin/carboxymethyl chitin composite for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Sagar Nitin , Soni Vivek P. , Bellare Jayesh R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA novel three‐dimensional (3D) scaffold has been developed from the unique combination of nanohydroxyapatite/gelatin/carboxymethyl chitin (n‐HA/gel/CMC) for bone tissue engineering by using the solvent‐casting method combined with vapor‐phase crosslinking and freeze‐drying. The surface morphology and physiochemical properties of the scaffold were investigated by dissolvability test, infrared absorption spectra (IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), mechanical testing, and soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). An optimized (composition and processing parameters) ratio of n‐HA:gel:CMC (1:2:1), exhibited ideal porous structure with regular interconnected pores (75–250 μm) and higher mechanical strength. Result suggested that the divalent (Ca++), carboxyl (COO−), amino (NH), and phosphate (PO) groups created favorable ionic interactions which facilitated structural stability and integrity of the composite scaffold. The SBF soaking experiment confirmed the apatite nucleation ability, induced by CMC incorporation. Furthermore, hemocompatibility (hemolysis, platelet adhesion, and protein adsorption) and biocompatibility with MG63 osteoblast cells (MTT assay, cell morphology, and confocal studies from within the 3D scaffold) indicated that the structural and dimensional stability of composite scaffold provided an optimal mechanosensory environment for enhancement of cell adhesion, proliferation, and network formation. The n‐HA/gel/CMC composite, therefore, may serve as a promising composite scaffold for guided bone regeneration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Fatigue behavior of dental resin composites: Flexural fatigue in vitro versus 6 years in vivo
Authors: Garcia‐Godoy Franklin , Frankenberger Roland , Lohbauer Ulrich , Feilzer Albert J. , Krämer Norbert 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate fatigue behavior of direct resin composite restorations (Tetric Ceram vs. Grandio) in vitro and in vivo over an observation period of 6 years.Methods:For the in vitro part, Young's moduli (YM) were calculated and both initial (FS: flexural strength) and fatigue flexural strength (FFL: flexural fatigue limit) were evaluated in a four‐point bending setup (n = 15) in distilled water at 37°C. For the in vivo part, 30 patients received 68 direct resin composite restorations of the same materials (Grandio bonded with Solobond M; Tetric Ceram bonded with Syntac). Patients revealed a minimum of two different class II restorations in different quadrants. Epoxy replicas of restored teeth were analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 30× magnification for fatigue characteristics, and 11 selected restorations per group were assessed for marginal fatigue characteristics at 200×.Results:In vitro, YM was 15.7 GPa (Grandio) and 8.7 GPa (Tetric Ceram; p < 0.05), FS was 115.0 MPa (Grandio) versus 101.5 MPa (Tetric Ceram; p > 0.05), and FFL was 63.0 MPa (Grandio) versus 44.3 MPa (Tetric Ceram; p < 0.05). In vivo, no significant difference in fatigue behavior (cracks, chippings) was evaluated for the different materials under investigation. However, marginal breakdown was more pronounced under the SEM for Tetric Ceram (7.9% vs. 4.8% for Grandio; p < 0.05), but without being clinically relevant. SEM analysis exhibited distinct wear patterns after 6 years with no significant differences among materials as well.Significances:Despite higher in vitro values for YM, FS, and FFL for Grandio, clinical outcome for both resin composite materials over 6 years of clinical service was similar. Higher FFLs in vitro seem to be related to less marginal composite fractures in vivo but without any influence on clinical outcome until the 6 years recall. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Evaluation of a bio‐based hydrophobic cellulose laurate film as biomaterial—Study on biodegradation and cytocompatibility
Authors: Crépy Lucie , Monchau Francine , Chai Feng , Raoul Gwénaël , Hivart Philippe , Hildebrand Hartmut F. , Martin Patrick , Joly Nicolas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe study aims to validate an original bio‐based material, obtained by grafting fatty chains, and more especially lauric chains (C12) onto cellulose, for medical applications. The mechanical properties of the synthesized cellulose laurate (C12) are close to those of petrochemical ones such as low density polyethylene. This cellulose‐based polymer is transparent, flexible, and hydrophobic. To evaluate the stability of the cellulosic films in biological fluids the samples are soaked in simulated body fluid or blood plasma for a few hours to 6 months, and then submitted to mechanical and chemical analyses. The simultaneously performed cytocompatibility tests were the colony‐forming viability, the vitality and cell proliferation tests using NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and MC 3T3 osteoblast‐like cells. The results show the stability, the biocompatibility, and the noncytotoxicity of the synthesized cellulose laurate films. This biomaterial may so be considered for surgical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenital varicella syndrome
Authors: Tongsong Theera , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Traisrisilp Kuntharee 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCongenital varicella syndrome is a rare disorder occurring in less than 1% of maternal varicella during early pregnancy but is associated with high fetal morbidity and mortality. This case report aimed to describe the sonographic features of congenital varicella syndrome following maternal varicella. Well‐documented maternal chicken pox was made at 12 weeks of gestation and prenatal ultrasound was performed at 16 weeks. Striking sonographic features included hydropic changes and disseminated calcifications in multiple organs, especially liver and myocardium. Elective termination of pregnancy was done at 17 weeks. The presence of disseminated calcifications could suggest the diagnosis of congenital varicella syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012;
In vivo and in vitro sonographic diagnosis of an encrusted nephrostomy catheter with color doppler twinkling artifact
Authors: Lin Ching‐Wen , Yen Tsung‐Hsien , Cheng Chen‐Li , Huang Hsin‐Hui , Kang Ruei‐Jin , Gueng Mein‐Kai , Lin Yung‐Chang , Tyan Yeu‐Sheng , Tsao Teng‐Fu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEncrustation is one of the most common complications that may develop with the use of a nephrostomy catheter. We used the color Doppler twinkling artifact to detect encrustation and obstruction of a nephrostomy catheter in vivo. This was confirmed by in vitro scanning of the catheter after analyzing the radiogram. Color Doppler twinkling artifact may provide useful information on the management of nephrostomy catheters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
1001 Listes: Strategic breakthroughs by a low‐tech company in a high‐tech world
Authors: Kimble Chris , Bourdon Isabelle 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMost articles on strategic breakthroughs tend to concentrate on large, high‐tech organizations. Yet the French firm 1001 Listes, which creates and manages wedding lists, has shown that it is possible for even a relatively small organization to generate strategic breakthroughs with standard off‐the‐shelf information technology. Its experience highlights two points that previous studies have overlooked: Breakthrough strategies are based on innovations in business models as well as innovations in technology, and breakthrough strategies may actually reduce a company's reliance on high‐tech solutions as a means of maintaining its competitive advantage. Using Henderson and Venkatraman's (1993) model of strategic alignment, this article also outlines the nature of breakthrough strategies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction between ESRα polymorphisms and environmental factors in osteoporosis
Authors: Sonoda Tomoko , Takada Junichi , Iba Kousuke , Asakura Sumiyo , Yamashita Toshihiko , Mori Mitsuru 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe hypothesized that environmental factors might affect the relationship between genetic predisposition and the risk of bone mineral density (BMD) loss. Cases were 114 Japanese women with a confirmed diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis and controls were 171 general Japanese women. Genetic risk of SNPs in the estrogen receptors was analyzed by a case–control study. The interaction between gene and environmental factors for osteoporosis were assessed by a case‐only design. Significant increases in osteoporosis risk were observed with minor alleles of rs2077647 located in the first exon and rs2234693 located in the first intron of estrogen receptor α (ESRα). Haplotype CC at these risk SNPs was strongly associated with osteoporosis risk (odds ratio [OR] = 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.83–5.41). There was a statistically significant interaction between haplotype CC and alcohol drinking; moderate alcohol consumption decreased genetic risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.22, 95%CI = 0.05–0.83). © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1529–1534, 2012
Smoking intensity and severity of specific symptom clusters in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Joseph Anne M. , McFall Miles , Saxon Andrew J. , Chow Bruce K. , Leskela Jennie , Dieperink Michael E. , Carmody Timothy P. , Beckham Jean C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSmoking prevalence among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is over 40%. Baseline data from the VA Cooperative Studies Program trial of integrated versus usual care for smoking cessation in veterans with PTSD (N = 863) were used in multivariate analyses of PTSD and depression severity, and 4 measures of smoking intensity: cigarettes per day (CPD), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), time to first cigarette, and expired carbon monoxide. Multivariate regression analysis showed the following significant associations: CPD with race (B = −7.16), age (B = 0.11), and emotional numbing (B =0 .16); FTND with race (B = −0.94), education (B = −0.34), emotional numbing (B = 0.04), significant distress (B = −0.12), and PHQ‐9 (B = 0.04); time to first cigarette with education (B = 0.41), emotional numbing (B = −0.03), significant distress (B = 0.09), and PHQ‐9 (B = −0.03); and expired carbon monoxide with race (B = −9.40). Findings suggest that among veterans with PTSD, White race and emotional numbing were most consistently related to increased smoking intensity and had more explanatory power than total PTSD symptom score. Results suggest specific PTSD symptom clusters are important to understanding smoking behavior in patients with PTSD.
Clay Nanotube/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Bone Cement Composites with Sustained Antibiotic Release
Authors: Wei Wenbo , Abdullayev Elshad , Hollister Anne , Mills David , Lvov Yuri M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOrthopedic‐grade PMMA bone cement, admixed with prophylactic antibiotics, is widely used in hip and knee replacement surgery. There is a critical need to improve its structural integrity and to control antibiotic release. In this study, clay nanotubes are loaded with the antibiotic gentamicin sulfate and the cement is doped with 5–8 wt% nanotubes. The halloysite nanotubes isolate the drug from the cement monomers and serve as nanocontainers for sustained release of the antibiotic. Gentamicin‐loaded clay nanotubes admixed in PMMA cement provide sustained release up to 300–400 h and with enhanced release at cement cracks. The PMMA/halloysite/gentamicin composite tensile strength does not deteriorate as compared with pure cement and its adhesion to bone is significantly increased.magnified image