bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the negative predictive value of provocation tests with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: Defrance C. , Bousquet P.‐J. , Demoly P. 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article: Defrance C, Bousquet P‐J, Demoly P. Evaluating the negative predictive value of provocation tests with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Allergy 2011; 66: 1410–1414.AbstractBackground:  The nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) hypersensitivity work‐up is based on clinical history, skin tests, and drug provocation tests. The negative predictive value (NPV) of the latter is not established.Method:  A cohort study was conducted in the Allergy Department in Montpellier to evaluate the NPV of the provocation test with NSAIDs in patients with clinical presentation suggestive of hypersensitivity, and negatively tested. Patients were contacted at least 6 months after the work‐up. Patients who took NSAID and reacted were proposed a new allergy work‐up, which included a provocation test with the culprit drug.Results:  Among the 393 patients contacted, 279 (71.0%) were followed up. Two hundred and sixty (93.2%) patients had taken a NSAID at least once: 139 (53.5%) the same drug as the one tested and 215 (82.7%) an alternative (94, 33.7% taking both the tested NSAID and an alternative). Eight patients (3.1%) reported a reaction (five with the negatively tested NSAID and three with another NSAID). All the reactions occurred immediately after the first administration and were not severe. Among the five patients who reacted with the negatively tested NSAID, only three accepted a re‐challenge, negative in two cases and positive in one, representing a NPV of 97.8% (95% CI: 95.4–100%). Three patients (3/215) reported a reaction when an alternative NSAID was taken, representing a NPV of 98.6% (95% CI: 97–100%).Conclusion:  The NPV of NSAIDs drug provocation test is high. This should reassure physicians who might hesitate to prescribe NSAIDs, especially in patients with negative allergic work‐ups.
Effect of exercise intensity on albuminuria in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kornhauser C. , Malacara J.‐M. , Macías‐Cervantes M.‐H. , Rivera‐Cisneros A.‐E. 
Published: July 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 70–73 (2012)AbstractAims  Exercise may be useful to detect patients with diabetes prone to develop persistent microalbuminuria. We studied the relationship between exercise intensity, measured as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), and microalbuminuria in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.Methods  We studied 10 patients, age range 10–18 years, with Type 1 diabetes who were normotensive and normoalbuminuric, with less than 10 years since diagnosis. Patients had normal renal function, without infections or clinical evidence of complications. Metabolic control was intensively adjusted in all patients. They underwent three consecutive physical exercise tests, reaching 100, 80 and 60% of the maximal cardiac frequency response.Results  Eight patients had adequate to regular metabolic control. All patients had lower than predicted VO2 max values. At 60%, only three patients showed microalbuminuria in excess of 20 μg/min, two of them had inadequate metabolic control. Post‐exercise microalbuminuria exceeded normal values in nine, seven and three patients when submitted to 100, 80 and 60% of exercise intensity, respectively.Conclusions  Microalbuminuria increased with exercise intensity. Sex, body composition and VO2 max were the main factors associated with microalbuminuria. The prognostic significance of albuminuria induced by intense exercise in these subjects with Type 1 diabetes is not yet known.
Serum adiponectin, bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in post‐menopausal women with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes: a 12‐month follow‐up
Authors: Miazgowski T. , Noworyta‐Ziętara M. , Safranow K. , Ziemak J. , Widecka K. 
Published: July 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 62–69 (2012)AbstractObjective  During a period of 12 months, we evaluated the longitudinal impact of metabolic control of diabetes on selected bone turnover markers, bone mineral density and serum adiponectin concentrations in post‐menopausal women with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.Methods  Serum total adiponectin, bone alkaline phosphatase, HbA1c, urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion, bone mineral density of the total body, lumbar spine and total hip were measured in 57 women aged 50–78 years with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.Results  At baseline, women had normal bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, deoxypyridinoline and bone mineral density, as evaluated by t‐ and z‐scores. After 12 months of treatment, a significant decrease in body weight, waist circumference and HbA1c was observed. Bone mineral density of the total body, lumbar spine and total hip decreased by 0.4, 0.2 and 1.0% (P = 0.018) per year, respectively. Adiponectin was inversely correlated with bone mineral density at three sites (R = −0.28, −0.24 and −0.19, respectively).There was a transient increase (P < 0.05) in serum adiponectin within the first 6 months, followed by a slow decrease toward the baseline value during the next 6 months. An improvement in diabetes control had no impact on bone turnover marker levels, which did not change significantly during the entire study period.Conclusions  Bone turnover markers, bone mineral density and the rate of bone loss are within normal ranges in post‐menopausal women with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. Bone mineral density of the total body, lumbar spine and total hip is inversely correlated with total adiponectin.
Resource Allocation for English Local Government: A Critique of the Four-Block Model
Authors: Gibson Alex , Asthana Sheena 
Published: July 2011

Summary
The paper examines the nature and structure of the ‘four-block’ model that is used by the UK’s Department for Communities and Local Government to distribute nearly £25 billion of formula grant. Introduced in April 2006, this approach to need and resource equalization was meant to provide a robust and equitable system for distributing the formula grant between the 456 ‘receiving authorities’ in England. In fact, the paper demonstrates that the four-block model is deeply flawed and generates an inequitable allocation of this major source of local authority revenue. The paper argues that the Department for Communities and Local Government needs to revisit its resource allocation methodology as a matter of urgency, but it also draws broader conclusions about the risks that are associated with the development of ever more complex methods of resource equalization.
Spatial anisotropy analyses of subcutaneous tissue layer: potential insights into its biomechanical characteristics
Authors: Ahn Andrew C. , Kaptchuk Ted J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAs the intermediate layer between the muscle and skin, the subcutaneous tissue frequently experiences shear and lateral stresses whenever the body is in motion. However, quantifying such stresses in vivo is difficult. The lack of such measures is partly responsible for our poor understanding of the biomechanical behaviors of subcutaneous tissue. In this study, we employ both ultrasound imaging and a novel spatial anisotropy measure – incorporating Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation calculations – to investigate the structuromechanical features of subcutaneous tissues within the extremities of 16 healthy volunteers. This approach is based on the understanding that spatial anisotropy can be an effective surrogate for the summative, tensile forces experienced by biological tissue. We found that spatial anisotropy in the arm, thigh and calf was attributed to the echogenic bands spanning the width of the ultrasound images. In both univariable and multivariable analyses, the calf was significantly associated with greater anisotropy compared with the thigh and arm. Spatial anisotropy was inversely related to subcutaneous thickness, and was significantly increased with longitudinally oriented probe images compared with transversely orientated images. Maximum peaks in spatial anisotropy were frequently observed when the longitudinally oriented ultrasound probe was swept across the extremity, suggesting that longitudinal channels with greater tension exist in the subcutaneous layer. These results suggest that subcutaneous biomechanical tension is mediated by collagenous/echogenic bands, greater in the calf compared with the thigh and arm, increased in thinner individuals, and maximal along longitudinal trajectories parallel to the underlying muscle. Spatial anisotropy analysis of ultrasound images has yielded meaningful patterns and may be an effective means to understand the biomechanical strain patterns within the subcutaneous tissue of the extremities.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects dopaminergic neurons from neurotoxin‐induced damage
Authors: Chen SH , Wu HM , Ossola B , Schendzielorz N , Wilson BC , Chu CH , Chen SL , Wang Q , Zhang D , Qian L , Li X , Hong JS , Lu RB 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prevention or disease‐modifying therapies are critical for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. However, no such intervention is currently available. Growing evidence has demonstrated that administration of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors ameliorates a wide range of neurologic and psychiatric disorders in experimental models. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) was the first HDAC inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the sole use of cancer therapy. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential new indications of SAHA for therapy of neurodegenerative diseases in in vitro Parkinson's disease models.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mesencephalic neuron–glia cultures and reconstituted cultures were used to investigate neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of SAHA. We measured toxicity in dopaminergic neurons, using dopamine uptake assay and morphological analysis and expression of neurotrophic substances by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and real‐time RT PCR.KEY RESULTS In mesencephalic neuron–glia cultures, SAHA displayed dose‐ and time‐dependent prolongation of the survival and protection against neurotoxin‐induced neuronal death of dopaminergic neurons. Mechanistic studies revealed that the neuroprotective effects of SAHA were mediated in part by promoting release of neurotrophic factors from astroglia through inhibition of histone deacetylation.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The novel neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of SAHA demonstrated in this study suggest that further study of this HDAC inhibitor could provide a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in chronic stress‐promoted tumour growth
Authors: Barbieri Antonio , Palma Giuseppe , Rosati Alessandra , Giudice Aldo , Falco Antonia , Petrillo Antonella , Petrillo Mario , Bimonte Sabrina , Benedetto Maria Di , Esposito Giuseppe , Stiuso Paola , Abbruzzese Alberto , Caraglia Michele , Arra Claudio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that chronic stress can be a cofactor for the initiation and progression of cancer. Here we evaluated the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in stress‐promoted tumour growth of murine B16F10 melanoma cell line in C57BL/6 mice. Animals subjected to restraint stress showed increased levels adrenocorticotropic hormone, enlarged adrenal glands, reduced thymus weight and a 3.61‐fold increase in tumour growth in respect to no‐stressed animals. Tumour growth was significantly reduced in mice treated with the β‐antagonist propranolol. Tumour samples obtained from stressed mice displayed high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein in immunohistochemistry. Because VEGF can induce eNOS increase, and nitric oxide is a relevant factor in angiogenesis, we assessed the levels of eNOS protein by Western blot analysis. We found a significant increase in eNOS levels in tumour samples from stressed mice, indicating an involvement of this enzyme in stress‐induced tumour growth. Accordingly, chronic stress did not promote tumour growth in eNOS−/− mice. These results disclose for the first time a pivotal role for eNOS in chronic stress‐induced initiation and promotion of tumour growth.
Local infiltration analgesia in urogenital prolapse surgery: a prospective randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: KRISTENSEN BILLY B. , RASMUSSEN YVONNE H. , AGERLIN MARIANNE , TOPP MONICA W. , WEINCKE MARIANNE O. , KEHLET HENRIK 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the analgesic effect of high‐volume infiltration analgesia in urogenital prolapse surgery and provide a detailed description of the infiltration technique. Design. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study following the CONSORT criteria. Setting. A university hospital. Patients. 48 patients undergoing posterior wall repair and perineorraphy. Methods. Patients received high‐volume (26ml) ropivacaine 1% with epinephrine (n=23) or saline (n=22) infiltration using a systematic technique ensuring uniform delivery to all tissues incised, handled or instrumented during the procedure. Main outcome measures. Pain and opioid requirements were assessed for 24hours as well as time spent in the post‐anesthesia care unit and time to first mobilization. Results. Pain at rest, during coughing and movement was significantly reduced for the first four hours with the high‐volume local anesthetic infiltration technique (p<0.001–0.006). Opioid requirements and time spent in the post‐anesthesia care unit were significantly reduced in the ropivacaine group (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) as well as the time to first mobilization (p<0.014). Conclusion. Systematic high‐volume infiltration analgesia is an effective analgesic technique in patients undergoing posterior wall repair and perineorraphy, and improves early recovery.
Uterine Regulatory T cells, IL‐10 and Hypertension
Authors: Nevers Tania , Kalkunte Satyan , Sharma Surendra 
Published: July 2011

Citation Nevers T, Kalkunte S, Sharma S. Uterine Regulatory T Cells, IL‐10 and hypertension. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66 (Suppl. 1): 88–92ProblemRegulatory T cells (Treg) are a vital immune cellular population at the maternal–fetal interface. They are likely to aid in immune tolerance by dampening the harmful effects of other immune cellular populations through cell–cell‐mediated interactions as well as by producing IL‐10 and TGF‐β. In addition to the anti‐inflammatory properties, IL‐10 has emerged as an important vascular cytokine choreographing endovascular interactions and angiogenesis and regulates hypertension.Method of studyReview of innovative concepts to understand the temporal role of Tregs in both mouse and human pregnancy, particularly whether uterine Treg play a potential role in regulating vascular homeostasis and blood flow during pregnancy.ResultsTreg guard immune tolerance, getting cytotoxically activated under certain conditions, leading to adverse pregnancy outcome.ConclusionDespite increasing evidence of Treg tissue‐specific expansion and functional plasticity, their role in vascular activity, pre‐eclampsia or gestational diabetes is obscure and needs closer investigation to delineate its role later during pregnancy.
Endometrial Receptivity and Human Embryo Implantation
Authors: Rashid Najwa A. , Lalitkumar Sujata , Lalitkumar Parameswaran G. , Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina 
Published: July 2011

Citation Rashid NA, Lalitkumar S, Lalitkumar PG, Gemzell‐Danielsson K. Endometrial Receptivity and Human Embryo Implantation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66 (Suppl. 1): 23–30Problem  The pre‐requisite of successful implantation involves an intricate cascade of molecular interactions which plays a crucial role in preparing receptive endometrium and implanting blastocyst.Method of study  Data are hereby presented for a better understanding of endometrial receptivity in women, hoping to provide a comprehensive picture of the process and identify new areas of basic and translational research in the biology of blastocyst implantation.Results  Timely regulation of the expression of a number of complex molecules like hormones, cytokines and growth factors, and their crosstalk from embryonic and maternal endometrial side play a major role in determining the fate of the embryo. The molecular basis of endometrial receptivity and the mechanisms by which the blastocyst first adheres to the luminal epithelium and then penetrates into the stroma are only just beginning to be resolved.Conclusion  Advances in the development of implantation models and ‘omics’ technologies, particularly proteomics and metabolomics, are set to have a major impact on the development of this field.
Impact of infancy duration on adult size in 22 subsistence‐based societies
Authors: Gawlik Aneta , Walker Robert S , Hochberg Ze’ev 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  Humans evolved to withstand harsh environments by adaptively decreasing their body size. Thus, adaptation to a hostile environment defers the infancy‐childhood transition age (ICT), culminating in short stature. In natural‐fertility human societies, this transition is associated with weaning from breastfeeding and the mother’s new pregnancy. We therefore used the interbirth interval (IBI) as a surrogate for the ICT.Methods:  We hypothesized that long IBI will be associated with smaller body size. The sample used is 22 subsistence‐based societies of foragers, horticulturalists and pastorals from Africa, South America, Australia and Southeast Asia.Results:  The IBI correlated negatively with the average adult bodyweight but not height. After correction for ‘pubertal spurt takeoff’ and ‘weight at age 5’, the IBI explains 81% of ‘average adult weight’ variability.Conclusions:  This inter‐population study confirms that body weight is adaptively smaller in hostile environments and suggests that the selected trait for this adaptation is the ICT age.
Spectral heterogeneity of QuickBird satellite data is related to fine‐scale plant species spatial turnover in semi‐natural grasslands
Authors: Hall Karin , Reitalu Triin , Sykes Martin T. , Prentice Honor C. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Question: Can satellite data be related to fine‐scale species diversity and does the integrated use of field and satellite data provide information that can be used in the estimation of fine‐scale species diversity in semi‐natural grassland sites?
Location: The Baltic Island of Öland (Sweden).
Methods: Field work including the on‐site description of 62 semi‐natural grassland sites (represented by three 0.5 m × 0.5 m plots per site) was performed to record response variables (total species richness, mean species richness and species spatial turnover) and field‐measured explanatory variables (field‐layer height and distance between plots). Within each site, QuickBird satellite data were extracted from a standardized sample area by associating each field plot with a 3 × 3 pixel window (1 pixel=2.4 m × 2.4 m). Explanatory variables (the normalized difference vegetation index and spectral heterogeneity) were generated from the satellite data. Correlation tests, univariate regressions, variance partitioning and multivariate linear regressions were used to analyse the associations between response and explanatory variables.
Results: There was a significant association between the spectral heterogeneity of the near‐infrared band and the field‐measured spatial turnover of species. The most parsimonious explanatory model for each response variable included both field‐measured and satellite‐generated explanatory variables. The models explained 30–35% of the variation in species diversity (total richness 36%, mean richness 31%, species turnover 33%).
Conclusions: High spatial resolution satellite data are capable of supplying fine‐scale habitat information that is relevant for the monitoring and conservation management of fine‐scale plant diversity in semi‐natural grasslands.
Beowulf’s Broken Bodies
Authors: Auld Frances 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis essay explores Robert Zemeckis’s Beowulf (2007) as a contemporary retelling of the Anglo‐Saxon poem which has been influenced by both postmodern culture and post 9–11 philosophies. In this contemporary iteration, the figures and narratives of the hero, the monster, and their culture are radically destabilized and fragmented. These permeable and broken bodies offer insight about contemporary culture, as well as the originating Anglo‐Saxon culture.
Which Aged Care inpatients are potentially suitable for community‐based acute care?
Authors: McCarthy Robyn M , Ogle Susan J , Finnegan Terence P , Hilmer Sarah N 
Published: July 2011

Aim:  To identify Aged Care inpatients potentially suitable for Acute/Post‐Acute Care (APAC)‐Aged Care, a new service offering community‐based acute care as an alternative to hospital admission for frail older people.Methods:  Criteria were developed to identify suitable patients for APAC‐Aged Care and applied to consecutive Aged Care inpatient admissions at Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia, through retrospective chart review.Results:  Only 5/90 reviewed patients were potentially suitable for APAC‐Aged Care. All five were from Residential Aged Care Facilities. The median age of the 90 patients was 86 years; 30% lived in Residential Aged Care Facilities; 53% of patients were medically stable on presentation; 70% required investigations beyond a standard baseline set; 27% had either no new functional decline on presentation or adequate community support to manage this; 91% had allied health input and 41% had medical/surgical consultation.Conclusion:  APAC‐Aged Care is a potentially suitable alternative to acute inpatient hospitalisation in a select minority of Aged Care patients.
The Enhanced Primary Care program and falls prevention: Perceptions of private occupational therapists and physiotherapists
Authors: Middlebrook Sarah , Mackenzie Lynette 
Published: July 2011

Aim:  To investigate the processes involved for private occupational therapists (OTs) and physiotherapists (PTs) to implement Medicare items from the Enhanced Primary Care (EPC) program within their practice, for the purpose of falls prevention interventions for older people.Methods:  Qualitative study using a grounded theory approach employing semistructured interviews with five private occupational therapists and five private physiotherapists from across the Sydney area and the Hunter region.Results:  The following key themes emerged in relation to the potential for the EPC to be used to access falls prevention: (i) interdisciplinary communication and communication with consumers; (ii) best practice in community‐based falls prevention using the EPC program; and (iii) administrative and organisational challenges of the EPC program.Conclusion:  Participants supported the EPC program, and saw its potential for delivering falls prevention interventions in the community. However, findings suggest that the EPC program needs to be further refined to be more effective.