bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing firearm access for youth at risk for suicide in a pediatric emergency department
Authors: Chaudhary Sofia , Doh Kiesha Fraser , Morris Emilie , Chivily Caroline , Washington Donnetta S. , Gillespie Scott E. , Jergel Andrew , Lazarus Sarah , Costa Angela , Call Nathan , Rupp Jonathan , Simon Harold K. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundFirearm-related suicide is the second leading cause of pediatric firearm death. Lethal means counseling (LMC) can improve firearm safe-storage practices for families with youth at risk of suicide.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the feasibility of pediatric emergency department (ED) behavioral mental health (BMH) specialists providing LMC to caregivers of youth presenting with BMH complaints and to test for changes in firearm safety practices, pre-post ED LMC intervention, as measures of preliminary efficacy.MethodsProspective pilot feasibility study of caregivers of youth presenting to a pediatric ED with BMH complaints. Caregivers completed an electronic survey regarding demographics and firearm safe-storage knowledge/practices followed by BMH specialist LMC. Firearm owners were offered a free lockbox and/or trigger lock. One-week follow-up surveys gathered self-reported data on firearm safety practices and intervention acceptability. One-month interviews with randomly sampled firearm owners collected additional firearm safety data. Primary outcomes were feasibility measures, including participant accrual/attrition and LMC intervention acceptability. Secondary outcomes included self-reported firearm safety practice changes. Feasibility benchmarks were manually tabulated, and Likert-scale acceptability responses were dichotomized to strongly agree/agree vs. neutral/disagree/strongly disagree. Descriptive statistics were used for univariate and paired data responses.ResultsIn total, 81 caregivers were approached; of which, 50 (81%) caregivers enrolled. A total of 44% reported having a firearm at home, 80% completed follow-up at one week. More than 80% affirmed that ED firearm safety education was useful and that the ED is an appropriate place for firearm safety discussions. In total, 58% of participants reported not having prior firearm safety education/counseling. Among firearm owners (n = 22), 18% reported rarely/never previously using a safe-storage device, and 59% of firearm owners requested safe storage devices.At 1-week follow-up (n = 40), a greater proportion of caregivers self-reported asking about firearms before their child visited other homes (+28%). Among firearm owners that completed follow-up (n = 19), 100% reported storing all firearms locked at one week (+23% post-intervention). In total, 10 caregivers reported temporarily/permanently removing firearms from the home.ConclusionIt is feasible to provide LMC in the pediatric ED via BMH specialists to families of high-risk youth. Caregivers were receptive to LMC and reported finding this intervention useful, acceptable, and appropriate. Additionally, LMC and device distribution led to reported changes in safe storage practices.
Bullying victimization and mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Farrell Ann H. , Brittain Heather , Krygsman Amanda , Vaillancourt Tracy 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionBullying victimization is associated with numerous mental health difficulties yet studies from early in the COVID-19 pandemic revealed significant decreases in bullying victimization but significant increases in mental health difficulties for many children and adolescents. It is unclear whether the decrease in bullying victimization early in the pandemic translated to weaker associations between bullying victimization and mental health difficulties.MethodsUsing a population-based design, we examined whether the correlations between bullying victimization and mental health difficulties were significantly weaker in magnitude during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic in a sample of 6,578 Canadian students in grades 4–12. Students were randomly assigned to report on their bullying and mental health experiences either during the school year before the pandemic or the school year during the pandemic. Only students who reported experiences of victimization were included in the present study as questions on mental health were specifically on difficulties experienced due to victimization.ResultsAs expected, overall bullying victimization and mental health difficulties were significantly correlated before and during the pandemic, but correlations were significantly weaker in magnitude during the pandemic for girls and secondary students. Significant decreases in correlation magnitude were also found predominately for general, verbal, and social forms of bullying victimization, but not for physical and cyber victimization. Among students who reported victimization, we also found significantly lower means for mental health difficulties and most forms of bullying victimization during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic.DiscussionFindings indicate a strong coupling of bullying victimization and mental health difficulties, particularly before the pandemic, and the need to reduce these associations to improve the well-being of children and adolescents.
Development and Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplifcation (LAMP) Assay for Specific and Sensitive Detection of Puccinia melanocephala Causing Brown Rust in Sugarcane
Authors: Wu Weihuai , Wang Guihua , Wang Han , Zhu Liqian , Liang Yanqiong , Gbokie Thomas , Lu Ying , Huang Xing , He Chunping , Qin Jianfeng , Yi Kexian 
Published: May 2024

Sugarcane brown rust (SCBR), caused by Puccinia melanocephala, is a destructive fungal disease that has extensively spread in the sugarcane-cultivating regions across the world. Early monitoring plays an important role in predicting the P. melanocephala epidemic and managing SCBR. However, accurately identifying SCBR based on symptoms and urediniospore morphology at the initial stage is a challenge. Further, it is tedious, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and requires expensive equipment to detect P. melanocephala using PCR-based methods. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology is renowned for its speed, simplicity, and low equipment requirements for specifically and sensitively identifying many pathogens. Therefore, in this study, a novel and highly sensitive LAMP assay was developed for the specific detection of P. melanocephala in sugarcane. Here, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of P. melanocephala was selected as the target gene for LAMP primer design. Based on the color change of SYBR Green I and gel electrophoresis, specific LAMP primers were screened. Further, the optimal reaction conditions for the LAMP assay were determined at 63 °C for 60 min. The LAMP assay showed a high degree of specificity for the detection of P. melanocephala in sugarcane, with no cross-reactivity with other fungal pathogens. The established LAMP protocol was highly sensitive and can be used to detect as low as 1 pg/μL of P. melanocephala plasmid DNA, which is comparable to that of nested PCR and ~100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. Finally, the detection rate of the LAMP method was higher than that of conventional and nested PCR in field samples.
Fine-Grained Food Image Recognition: A Study on Optimising Convolutional Neural Networks for Improved Performance
Authors: Boyd Liam , Nnamoko Nonso , Lopes Ricardo 
Published: May 2024

Addressing the pressing issue of food waste is vital for environmental sustainability and resource conservation. While computer vision has been widely used in food waste reduction research, existing food image datasets are typically aggregated into broad categories (e.g., fruits, meat, dairy, etc.) rather than the fine-grained singular food items required for this research. The aim of this study is to develop a model capable of identifying individual food items to be integrated into a mobile application that allows users to photograph their food items, identify them, and offer suggestions for recipes. This research bridges the gap in available datasets and contributes to a more fine-grained approach to utilising existing technology for food waste reduction, emphasising both environmental and research significance. This study evaluates various (n = 7) convolutional neural network architectures for multi-class food image classification, emphasising the nuanced impact of parameter tuning to identify the most effective configurations. The experiments were conducted with a custom dataset comprising 41,949 food images categorised into 20 food item classes. Performance evaluation was based on accuracy and loss. DenseNet architecture emerged as the top-performing out of the seven examined, establishing a baseline performance (training accuracy = 0.74, training loss = 1.25, validation accuracy = 0.68, and validation loss = 2.89) on a predetermined set of parameters, including the RMSProp optimiser, ReLU activation function, ‘0.5’ dropout rate, and a 160×160 image size. Subsequent parameter tuning involved a comprehensive exploration, considering six optimisers, four image sizes, two dropout rates, and five activation functions. The results show the superior generalisation capabilities of the optimised DenseNet, showcasing performance improvements over the established baseline across key metrics. Specifically, the optimised model demonstrated a training accuracy of 0.99, a training loss of 0.01, a validation accuracy of 0.79, and a validation loss of 0.92, highlighting its improved performance compared to the baseline configuration. The optimal DenseNet has been integrated into a mobile application called FridgeSnap, designed to recognise food items and suggest possible recipes to users, thus contributing to the broader mission of minimising food waste.
Summarizing User Comments on Social Media Using Transformers
Authors: Papagiannopoulou Afrodite , Angeli Chrissanthi 
Published: May 2024

Social media and smart technology have invaded our daily lives. They are increasingly used to express feelings and opinions, to publish news, to support public debates on various issues and events. User comments under each post are a key factor in making economic, political and business decisions. Managing their sheer volume is an almost impossible task. Therefore, summarization seems crucial. Recent years have shown that abstractive summarization has achieved great results in the field of document summarization by producing more human-like summaries. Unlike formal documents, social media conversations face four challenges: 1) tend to be informal, consisting of slang expressions and special characters, 2) show deviations from the original theme and dependencies on previous opinions, 3) since they are short, they lack lexical richness and, 4) contain redundant and repetitive information, resulting in confusion among readers. We address these challenges by developing a system that generates abstractive summaries from pools of user comments under a specific social media post, using Transformers. Unlike previous works that do not rely on user comment pools and draw data from Reddit, Twitter or “Sina Weibo” platforms only, we use a Facebook dataset. We first reshape the raw dataset in a meaningful way for summary generation and we apply some basic pre-processing. Then, we define a task that deals with grouping comments according to the post title. A summary is generated for each group (pool) of comments. Our model is evaluated using ROUGE scores between the generated summary and each comment on the thread.
Customer Engagement in Educational S-commerce Communities: An Empirical Study
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Lai Hok Yin 
Published: May 2024

Many previous scholars have investigated user behavior on social media from multiple perspectives over the last decade. Studies have shown that people today regularly join online communities to find necessary information. Notably, we found that there are a large number of education-related online communities and community members in Hong Kong. In these communities, the majority of posts pertain to interest class enrolment, extracurricular tutorial class enrolment, organizing outdoor activity and parents-child campaign. So, what makes some posts more popular and appealing in this kind of communities? What motivates the interactive behaviour between posters and users? Nevertheless, there are few studies focusing on user behaviors in education-related communities. Therefore, This research aims to examine the impact of post content features in educational online community on customer engagement in online community related to education. Considering the trend of digital transformation in education after Covid-19, we also consider variables such as online vs. offline teaching and the availability of trial classes as potential influencing factors. Consequently, we have incorporated these variables into our research model. The research model employed in this research adopted the S-O-R (stimuli-organism-response) model, utilizing user trust as a mediating variable. This study adopts a quantitative approach and collects data in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaires will be filled by active participators in education-related online communities on Facebook platform and some parents offline. The questionnaires gathered will be analyzed through PLS-SEM (structural equation modelling) utilizing smartpls. This research can bring value to the evolution of social media platforms. Developers can refine their algorithms for pushing posts based on the findings. In addition, the questionnaire can assist online community managers and users fast-track identification of trustworthy posts. Finally, posters are able to adjust the content of their posts based on the outcome derived from the analysis to improve the quality and attractiveness of their posts.
Uso de metodologias ativas no ensino da Urgência e Emergência no curso de Medicina
Authors: Porto Livya Luize Vieira Nunes , Pessoa Silva de Bastos André , Almeida Ruanis Anastácio de , Nascimento Leonardo Viery de Oliveira , Silva Gabriel dos Santos , De Castro Iane Cunha , De Vasconcelos Marcela Karem dos Santos Vasconcelos , Cassimiro Petrus Rocha , De Brito Carlos Eduardo Pereira , Cruz Filho Carlojanjo Pereira , Bona Caroline de Caldas Pereira , Castro Neto Deodato Narciso de Oliveira 
Published: May 2024

Introdução:Os casos de urgência e emergência (UE) são as mais importantes causas de incapacitação física permanente ou temporária, o que gera perdas econômicas, previdenciárias e grandes gastos no tratamento. Entretanto, mesmo diante dessa realidade, o ensino de UE nas escolas de Medicina apresenta lacuna, de modo que os alunos recém-formados se sentem inseguros e muitas vezes tecnicamente despreparados para o atendimento em situações de emergência. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa do tipo pesquisa-ação Relato de experiência: Realizou-se semanalmente capacitações internas utilizando estratégias de metodologias ativas com os membros da Liga acadêmica de Trauma, Urgência e Emergência, com a finalidade de capacitar estes a atuar com proficuidade na linha de frente em situações de risco iminente de vida como futuros profissionais médicos e de comparar sua efetividade em relação as estratégias tradicionais de ensino.Discussão:Tais metodologias procuram enxergar os sujeitos como protagonistas do seu processo de aprendizagem. Nesse contexto, convém ressaltar o papel das ligas acadêmicas de medicina (LAM) no que tange ao protagonismo estudantil no processo ensino-aprendizagem e à atenuação das lacunas no ensino de Urgência e Emergência nas escolas de medicina, sendo capazes de desenvolver habilidades como trabalhar em equipe, produzir sob pressão, ter senso crítico, coletivo e interdisciplinar ou resolver problemas. Conclusão: Os métodos e modelos não tradicionais de ensino, quando bem estruturados e fundamentados, são aliados na construção de uma formação de nível superior integral, agregando competências e preparando profissionais melhores.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS RELACIONADOS AO MONITORAMENTO DO QUADRO ANÊMICO EM NEFROPATAS EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE REFERÊNCIA, BELÉM-PA
Authors: Matos de Pinho Costa Priscila , Torres Risuenho Karoliny Christiny , Sosinho Lobato Aldineia Augusta , Nascimento Casseb da Silva Ana Carolina , Marigliani Nunes Ana Raquel , Raiol Barros Edson Raimundo , De Souza Lima Ana Marta , De Souza Torres Rosileide , Gianne de LaRocque Barros Warken  , Marly Lobato Maciel  , Patrícia Bentes Diniz  , Kelly Layla da Silva Guterres  , Max Monteiro Costa  , Da Silva Guterres Aldair 
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Identificar parâmetros relacionados ao monitoramento do quadro anêmico em nefropatas em tratamento hemodialítico em um hospital público de referência em Belém-PA. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico realizado com pacientes de ambos os sexos cadastrados no programa de hemodiálise no Setor de Terapia Renal Substitutiva na Fundação Hospital de Clinicas Gaspar Vianna. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado e o Recordatório Alimentar e verificaram-se os exames bioquímicos. Resultados: Foram avaliados 31 pacientes, a maioria do gênero feminino (54,84%), com idade média de 54+18 anos. A maioria dos avaliados foram adultos (51,61%), possuíam comorbidade associada a doença renal (93,55%), sendo a Hipertensão a de maior prevalência (44,83%), diagnóstico de anemia (77,42%), receberam algum tipo de informação relacionada a prevenção e controle da anemia (93,55%), tiveram orientação de nutricionista (87,10%) e faziam uso de medicação para tratamento (90,32%). A maior parte apresentou parâmetros bioquímicos alterados, abaixo do preconizado: hemácias (67,74%), hemoglobina (74,19%), hematócrito (70,97%) e ferro sérico (41,94%). A ferritina estava acima dos valores recomendados (67,74%). Quanto ao consumo de alimentos, constatou-se ingestão de vísceras (9,68%); carnes em geral e ovos (100%); leguminosas (67,74%); consumo de frutas ricas em vitamina C (38,71%); alimentos inibidores da absorção de ferro (100%) além da não ingestão de bebida alcoólica (100%). Conclusão: O perfil alimentar estava inadequado, o que influencia negativamente no controle do quadro anêmico. A maioria recebeu orientação alimentar sobre anemia e fez uso de medicamentos para o tratamento.
Adaptações fisiológicas em resposta ao treinamento físico em atletas de alto rendimento em modalidades de endurance
Authors: Sena Marcio Antonio de Barros 
Published: May 2024

Introdução: No âmbito do esporte de alto rendimento, nas mais diversas modalidades, é fundamental a compreensão das adaptações celulares que ocorrem durante a preparação física dos atletas. O fenômeno requer a integração de múltiplos fatores, tais como:, fisiológicos, bioquímicos, biomecânicos e psicológicos.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comentar as adaptações fisiológicas em resposta ao treinamento físico em atletas de alto rendimento em modalidades de endurance sob condições ambientais de estresse.
Conclusão: As evidências científicas apontam para a relevância da preparação física em atletas de alto rendimento tendo em vista as adaptações fisiológicas obtidas para que favoreça a atuação do atleta em cenários de estresse, tendo como benefícios a preservação da saúde e a melhora no desempenho físico.
Sp1149. II. Spectroscopy of H ii Regions near the Critical Curve of MACS J1149 and Cluster Lens Models
Authors: Williams Hayley , Kelly Patrick , Chen Wenlei , Diego Jose M. , Oguri Masamune , Filippenko Alexei V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Galaxy-cluster gravitational lenses enable the study of faint galaxies even at large lookback times, and, recently, time-delay constraints on the Hubble constant. There have been few tests, however, of lens model predictions adjacent to the critical curve (≲8″) where the magnification is greatest. In a companion paper, we use the GLAFIC lens model to constrain the Balmer L–σ relation for H ii regions in a galaxy at redshift z = 1.49 strongly lensed by the MACS J1149 galaxy cluster. Here we perform a detailed comparison between the predictions of 10 cluster lens models that employ multiple modeling assumptions with our measurements of 11 magnified, giant H ii regions. We find that that the models predict magnifications an average factor of 6.2 smaller, a ∼2σ tension, than that inferred from the H ii regions under the assumption that they follow the low-redshift L–σ relation. To evaluate the possibility that the lens model magnifications are strongly biased, we next consider the flux ratios among knots in three images of Sp1149, and find that these are consistent with model predictions. Moreover, while the mass-sheet degeneracy could in principle account for a factor of ∼6 discrepancy in magnification, the value of H
0 inferred from SN Refsdal’s time delay would become implausibly small. We conclude that the lens models are not likely to be highly biased, and that instead the H ii regions in Sp1149 are substantially more luminous than the low-redshift Balmer L–σ relation predicts.
Measurement of Interstellar Magnetization by Synchrotron Polarization Variance
Authors: Guo Ning-Ning , Zhang Jian-Fu , Xiao Hua-Ping , Cho Jungyeon , Yang Xue-Juan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since synchrotron polarization fluctuations are related to the fundamental properties of the magnetic field, we propose the polarization intensity variance to measure the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM) magnetization. We confirm the method’s applicability by comparing it with the polarization angle dispersion and its reliability by measuring the underlying Alfvénic Mach number of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. With the finding of the power-law relation of

A
∝

M

A

2

between polarization intensity variance

A

and Alfvénic Mach number M
A, we apply the new technique to the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey data, achieving the Alfvénic Mach number of the Galactic ISM. Our results show that the low-latitude Galactic ISM is dominated by sub-Alfénic turbulence, with M
A approximately between 0.5 and 1.0.
M-Dwarf Flare Candidates Simultaneously Observed by K2 and TESS
Authors: Caudill Dylan S. , Slamecka Thomas , Gerber Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present results of a study on the identification of M-dwarf flares using K2 and TESS data. Our sample includes objects observed simultaneously by these two missions, so that we can also compare how flares are identified in the two sets of data. We implement two open-source Python packages, Lightkurve and PyVAN, to work in unison to easily access the data and determine variability in the light curves of 39 M-dwarfs. We identified 13 flare detections in the TESS data while K2 did not provide any reliable detections of flares. We describe the shortcomings of the K2 data that prevented these flares from being identified.
Localizing Stellar Activity on Low-mass Stars with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
Authors: Moquin Julie , Ealy Jordan , Schlieder Joshua E. , Johns-Krull Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is the underlying cause of stellar flares which are linked to regions of high magnetic activity, like star spots. To understand trends in stellar activity, we need to study how it is heightened by rapid rotation and deep convection in young low-mass stars. We analyze light curves of such stars observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite to investigate trends in flare timing with starspot modulation signals. Trends in flare properties and spot modulation can provide a means to “localize” which face of a star flares more frequently and better understand their association with active regions. We present an analysis of light curves from M and K dwarfs with no companions from five nearby and young moving groups spanning ages ∼20–150 Myr. We discuss a technique to analyze the distribution of flares and star spots and describe our results, which reveal a tentative correlation.