bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results and analysis of the 2008–2009 Insulin Injection Technique Questionnaire survey
Authors: DE CONINCK Carina , FRID Anders , GASPAR Ruth , HICKS Debbie , HIRSCH Larry , KREUGEL Gillian , LIERSCH Jutta , LETONDEUR Corinne , SAUVANET Jean‐Pierre , TUBIANA Nadia , STRAUSS Kenneth 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground:  The efficacy of injection therapy in diabetes depends on correct injection technique and, to provide patients with guidance in this area, we must understand how they currently inject.Methods:  From September 2008 to June 2009, 4352 insulin‐injecting Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients from 171 centers in 16 countries were surveyed regarding their injection practices.Results:  Overall, 3.6% of patients use the 12.7‐mm needle, 1.8% use the 12‐mm needle, 1.6% use the 10‐mm needle, 48.6% use the 8‐mm needle, 15.8% use the 6‐mm needle, and 21.6% use the 5‐mm needle; 7% of patients do not know what length of needle they use. Twenty‐one percent of patients admitted injecting into the same site for an entire day, or even a few days, a practice associated with lipohypertrophy. Approximately 50% of patients have or have had symptoms suggestive of lipohypertrophy. Abdominal lipohypertrophy seems to be more frequent in those using the two smaller injection size areas, and less frequent in those using larger areas. Nearly 3% of patients reported always injecting into lipohypertrophic lesions and 26% inject into them sometimes. Of the 65% of patients using cloudy insulins (e.g. NPH), 35% do not remix it before use.Conclusions:  It is clear from the latest survey that we have improved in certain areas, but that, in others, we have either not moved at all or our efforts have not yielded the results we expected. The results of the present survey are available online on a country‐by‐country and question‐by‐question basis at http://www.titan‐workshop.org.
Sex‐linked barring in chickens is controlled by the CDKN2A /B tumour suppressor locus
Authors: Hellström Anders R. , Sundström Elisabeth , Gunnarsson Ulrika , Bed’Hom Bertrand , Tixier‐Boichard Michele , Honaker Christa F. , Sahlqvist Anna‐Stina , Jensen Per , Kämpe Olle , Siegel Paul B. , Kerje Susanne , Andersson Leif 
Published: April 2010

SummarySex‐linked barring, a common plumage colour found in chickens, is characterized by black and white barred feathers. Previous studies have indicated that the white bands are caused by an absence of melanocytes in the feather follicle during the growth of this region. Here, we show that Sex‐linked barring is controlled by the CDKN2A/B locus, which encodes the INK4b and ARF transcripts. We identified two non‐coding mutations in CDKN2A that showed near complete association with the phenotype. In addition, two missense mutations were identified at highly conserved sites, V9D and R10C, and every bird tested with a confirmed Sex‐linked barring phenotype carried one of these missense mutations. Further work is required to determine if one of these or a combined effect of two or more CDKN2A mutations is causing Sex‐linked barring. This novel finding provides the first evidence that the tumour suppressor locus CDKN2A/B can affect pigmentation phenotypes and sheds new light on the functional significance of this gene.
Targeted delivery of NRASQ61R and Cre‐recombinase to post‐natal melanocytes induces melanoma in Ink4a/Arflox/lox mice
Authors: VanBrocklin Matthew W. , Robinson James P. , Lastwika Kristin J. , Khoury Joseph D. , Holmen Sheri L. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryWe have developed a somatic cell gene delivery mouse model of melanoma that allows for the rapid validation of genetic alterations identified in this disease. A major advantage of this system is the ability to model the multi‐step process of carcinogenesis in immune‐competent mice without the generation and cross breeding of multiple strains. We have used this model to evaluate the role of RAS isoforms in melanoma initiation in the context of conditional Ink4a/Arf loss. Mice expressing the tumor virus A (TVA) receptor specifically in melanocytes under control of the dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) promoter were crossed to Ink4a/Arflox/lox mice and newborn DCT‐TVA/Ink4a/Arflox/lox mice were injected with retroviruses containing activated KRAS, NRAS and/or Cre‐recombinase. No mice injected with viruses containing KRAS and Cre or NRAS alone developed tumors; however, more than one‐third of DCT‐TVA/Ink4a/Arflox/lox mice injected with NRAS and Cre viruses developed melanoma and two‐thirds developed melanoma when NRAS and Cre expression was linked.
The unfolded protein response in melanocytes: activation in response to chemical stressors of the endoplasmic reticulum and tyrosinase misfolding
Authors: Manga Prashiela , Bis Sabina , Knoll Kristen , Perez Beremis , Orlow Seth J. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryAccumulation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), comprising three signaling pathways initiated by Ire1, Perk and Atf6 respectively. Unfolded protein response activation was compared in chemically stressed murine wildtype melanocytes and mutant melanocytes that retain tyrosinase in the ER. Thapsigargin, an ER stressor, activated all pathways in wildtype melanocytes, triggering Caspase 12‐mediated apoptosis at toxic doses. Albino melanocytes expressing mutant tyrosinase showed evidence of ER stress with increased Ire1 expression, but the downstream effector, Xbp1, was not activated even following thapsigargin treatment. Attenuation of Ire1 signaling was recapitulated in wildtype melanocytes treated with thapsigargin for 8 days, with diminished Xbp1 activation observed after 4 days. Atf6 was also activated in albino melanocytes, with no response to thapsigargin, while the Perk pathway was not activated and thapsigargin treatment elicited robust expression of the downstream effector CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein. Thus, melanocytes adapt to ER stress by attenuating two UPR pathways.
Morphological and functional correlations in riboflavin UV A corneal collagen cross‐linking for keratoconus
Authors: Mazzotta Cosimo , Caporossi Tomaso , Denaro Rosario , Bovone Cristina , Sparano Caterina , Paradiso Anna , Baiocchi Stefano , Caporossi Aldo 
Published: April 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate the correlations between corneal structural modifications assessed by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy with visual function [uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity (BSCVA)] and morphological data (corneal topography, pachymetry, elevation analysis) after riboflavin UV A corneal collagen cross‐linking (CXL) for the stabilization of progressive keratoconus.Methods:  Forty‐four eyes with progressive keratoconus were enrolled in the Siena Eye Cross Study (prospective nonrandomized phase II open trial). All eyes underwent Riboflavin UV A CXL. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation comprised: UCVA, BSCVA, optical pachymetry (Visante OCT, Zeiss, Germany), corneal topography (CSO, Florence, Italy) and tomography (Orbscan IIz; B&L, Rochester, NY, USA) and in vivo confocal microscopy (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II; Rostock, Heidelberg Gmbh, Germany). Examinations were performed preoperatively 6 months and one day before treatment and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of follow‐up.Results:  In vivo corneal confocal microscopy showed time‐dependent postoperative epithelial and stromal modifications after cross‐linking. Epithelial thinning associated with stromal oedema and keratocytes apoptosis explained initial tendency towards slightly reduced VA and more glare one month postoperatively in 70% of eyes. Furthermore, a statistically not significant early worsening of topographic mean K values was observed. Orbscan II analysis significantly underestimated pachymetric values after treatment. Pachymetric underestimation was rectified by high‐resolution optical pachymetry provided by the Visante OCT system. After the third post‐CXL month, epithelial thickening, disappearance of oedema and new collagen compaction recorded by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy explained the improvements in visual performance during the follow‐up. Changes in stromal reflectivity and collagen compaction observed by in vivo confocal microscopy were associated with corneal flattening and reduction in anterior elevation values recorded by differential topographic analysis.Conclusion:  Corneal structural changes assessed by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy demonstrated significant correlations with visual function (UCVA and BSCVA) and morphological (corneal topography, pachymetry, elevation analysis) findings recorded after riboflavin‐UV A‐induced CXL.
Retinal sensitivity and fixation changes 1 year after triamcinolone acetonide assisted internal limiting membrane peeling for macular hole surgery – a MP‐1 microperimetric study
Authors: Ozdemir Hakan , Karacorlu Murat , Senturk Fevzi , Karacorlu Serra A. , Uysal Omer 
Published: April 2010

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: e222–e227Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate microperimetric changes 1 year after macular hole surgery with triamcinolone acetonide assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling.Methods:  Twenty‐two eyes of 22 patients with stage 3 and 4 idiopathic macular holes of <6 months’ duration underwent vitrectomy with triamcinolone acetonide assisted ILM peeling. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), and central retinal sensitivity were documented before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Macular sensitivity (mean sensitivity in decibels ‐dB), and stability and location of fixation (preferred retinal locus) were determined using MP‐1 microperimetry (Nidek). The MP‐1 microperimetry sensitivity map was overlaid onto infrared images recorded on a Heidelberg scanning laser ophthalmoscope using dedicated MP‐1 software to evaluate the fixation location before surgery. Anatomical success was evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Optical coherence tomography scans were recorded on an OCT 3000 scanner.Results:  Anatomical success was achieved in all 22 eyes. All patients completed 1 year follow‐up. No recurrence of macular hole was seen in any patients in the follow‐up period. The mean BCVA improved from 0.75 ± 0.2 before surgery to 0.31 ± 0.1 logMAR at the last visit (p < 0.001). Mean sensitivity improved from 3.7 ± 0.6 to 5.3 ± 1.0 dB at the last visit (p < 0.001). Before surgery, the preferred retinal locus was located on the margin of the hole in all, in 18 eyes on its upper part and in four eyes to the side or on its lower part. Preoperatively, 12 eyes were stable and 10 were relatively unstable, but 12 month after surgery, fixation stability had improved, and 20 eyes were stable and two were relatively unstable.Conclusions:  MP‐1 microperimetry sensitivity map overlaid onto an infrared image using dedicated MP‐1 software can be used successfully to evaluate fixation location in patients with a macular hole before surgery. With microperimetry findings, we can also measure functional macular changes more precisely than using BCVA alone after macular hole surgery. Our results also showed that retinal sensitivity and fixation properties were improved after vitrectomy with triamcinolone acetonide assisted ILM peeling in patients with idiopathic macular hole.
Laparoscopic‐assisted onlay meshplasty to treat umbilical hernias in patients with severe cirrhosis
Authors: Tomikawa M , Sugimachi K , Akahoshi T , Ikeda Y , Korenaga D , Takenaka K , Maehara Y 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe used laparoscopic‐assisted onlay meshplasty to treat umbilical hernias in four patients with severe cirrhosis. A skin incision was made just above the hernia and the circumferential abdominal wall was exposed. Under laparoscopic vision, transabdominal‐wall mattress sutures were placed circumferentially around the hernia without leaving a gap between the sutures, and the mesh was placed over the hernia sac and fixed by ligation. Neither postoperative peritonitis nor rupture with ascites was found. None of the patients experienced hernia recurrence or mesh infection after a mean follow‐up of 563 d. There was no relevant mortality. Laparoscopic‐assisted onlay meshplasty to treat umbilical hernias in patients with severe cirrhosis seems to be technically feasible and offers good results without complications and early recurrence.
A rare case of inguinal bladder hernia in a child
Authors: Kuyama H , Nii A , Takehara H 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIndirect inguinal hernia requiring surgical treatment is common in children and most patients recover uneventfully. However, rare complications, such as bladder damage, have been reported. Here, we report a rare case of pediatric bladder hernia presenting as an incarcerated inguinal hernia. In the laparoscopic inspection of this case, we were unable to identify patent processus vaginalis but found the bladder protrusion during an inguinal incision approach. Similar cases carry a risk of intraoperative bladder injury.
Tumor recurrence at a stapled‐anastomosis after radical laparoscopic surgery for descending colon cancer treated successfully by laparoscopic colectomy: A case report
Authors: Nhan LQ , Inomata M , Etoh T , Tojigamori M , Shiraishi N , Kitano S 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAnastomosis using linear staplers following colonic resection has been increasingly used due to its convenience and technical safety. However, there have been few reports of stapled‐anastomotic recurrence after curative resection for colon cancer. Here, we report a rare case of suture‐line recurrence after functional end‐to‐end anastomosis. A 78‐year‐old woman underwent radical laparoscopic colectomy for advanced descending colon cancer. A postoperative 1 year follow‐up colonoscopy revealed that suture‐line recurrence had occurred. After the detection of early stage recurrent cancer, the patient underwent laparoscopic partial colectomy. This rare case of suture‐line recurrence in functional end‐to‐end anastomosis possibly occurred due to tumor implantation after curative laparoscopic surgery for advanced descending colon cancer. The follow‐up colonoscopy was helpful in diagnosing the anastomotic recurrence in its early stages. In addition, laparoscopic surgery for primary colon cancer led to successful laparoscopic treatment for recurrent cancer as a result of reduced bowel adhesion.
Racecourse Accidents
Authors: PHILCOX R. A. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYThe author outlines the veterinary arrangements in operation at the racecourse he attends. The types of accidents seen are recorded and his methods of dealing with the recumbent horse are discussed.RÉSUMÉL'auteur décrit l'organisation vétérinaire du Champ de Course ont il assure le service sanitaire. II donne une nomenclature des divers accidents qu'il a rencontré dans l'exercice de ses fonctions et expose le protocole qu'il applique aux chevaux accidentés qui ne peuvent se relever.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Verfasser beschreibt die Einrichtungen, die dem Tierarzt auf der Rennbahn zur Verf ügung stehen, auf der er seine Tätigkeit ausübt. Dieverschiedenen vorkommenden Unfälle werden aufgeführt. Der Autor diskutiert sein Vorgehen bei verunfallten, am Boden liegenden Pferden.
IV. The Practical Application of Haematology ‐ 2
Authors: SECKINGTON I. M. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYThe interpretation of laboratory results are considered to be of paramount importance. It is suggested that this could best be carried out by a practitioner with an intimate knowledge of both the horse, and laboratory procedures.In an attempt to prove this the paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of a practice laboratory, and describes several suggested techniques whereby the figures obtained are of the greatest value for a useful interpretation. The importance of this is stressed in its application to the routine haematological examination of racehorses, as well as in those horses which are either abnormally excited or exercised prior to sampling.RÉSUMÉL'interprétation des résultats donnés par le laboratoire a une importance considérable. A tout prendre l'ideal pour y parvenir serait que les tests soient réalisés par le praticien lui meme, bénéficiant d'une intime connaissance de son malade et d'une bonne habitude des techniques de laboratoire.Dans cet esprit, cet article évoque et compare les avantages et les inconvénients du laboratoire, fonctionnant au niveau de la clinique. Des techniques sont décrites dont les résultats ont une grande valeur pratique.Ces idées trouvent leur application dans le controle hématologique des chevaux de course et dans le cas particulier des chevaux qui sont excités ou simplement soumis à une épreuve d'effort avant tout prélèvement.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Interpretation von Laborresultaten wird als ausserordentlich wichtig angesehen. Der Verfasser ist der Ansicht, dass die Beurteilung am besten durch einen Praktiker geschieht, der sowohl das Pferd als auch die Labormethoden eingehend kennt.In diesem Artikel werden die Vor‐ und Nachteile eines Praxislabors verglichen, und verschiedene Methoden empfohlen, wobei die erhaltenen Resultate von grósster Bedeutung für die nützliche Interpretation sind. Die Wichtigkeit dieses Punktes wird unterstrichen bei der Anwendung der routinemässigen, haematologischen Untersuchung von Rennpferden und bei Pferden, die vor der Blutentnahme entweder sehr aufgeregt oder bewegt worden sind.SUMARIOLa interpretación de los resultados de laboratorio son considerados por ser de extrema importancia. Se sugiere que debería de estar al alcance del clinico quien está en íntimo contacto entre caballo y técnicas de laboratorio.Se intenta probar esto comparando las ventajas y desventajas del labororio práctico, y se describen algunas técnicas sugeridas donde las cifras quese obtienenson de gran valor para la interpretación útil.La importancia de este esfuerzo es aplicable a la rutina de exámenes hematológicos en los caballos de carrera, como también es esos caballos que están ya sea anormalmente excitados o entrenados previa toma de la muestra.
Analysis of a Proposed Test to Assess Fatigue in Horses
Authors: LITTLEWORT M. C. G. , HICKMAN J. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYA test for excessive fatigue based on the changes in heart and respiratory rates in competing horses during an 8 minute rest period in three British Horse Trials was evaluated.Statistical comparison between the results of the test and the performance of horses in the trials led the authors to conclude that the test was of no value in identifying severely fatigued horses, and in certain circumstances it might even produce misleading results.RÉSUMÉFondé sur les modifications des ryhtmes cardiaque et respiratoire sur les chevaux de compétition, après un repos de 8 minutes, un test a été effectué lors de trois concours hippiques nationaux.Une comparaison statistique entre les données obtenues et les performances des chevaux lors des épreuves permet aux auteurs de conclure que la technique utilisée n'a aucune valeur pour identifier les chevaux les plus fatigués et meme que cette méthode peut, quelquefois, fournir des résultats trompeurs.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEin Test für die Beurteilung übermässiger Ermüdung bei sportlichen Prüfungen wurde ausgewertet, der auf den Veränderungen der Herzschlag—und Atemfrequenz während einer acht Minuten dauernden Ruhepause beruht.Ein statistischer Vergleich der Testergebnisse mit der Leistung der Pferde während der Prüfung führte die Autoren zum Schluss, dass eine derartige Beurteilung der Ermüdung nicht nur wertlos, sondern unter Umständen sogar irreführend sein könne.
Equine Anaesthesia: an Assessment of Techniques Used in Clinical Practice
Authors: MITCHELL B. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYThe results of a seven year survey are presented. Four hundred and seventy‐three horses were anaesthetised and details are indicated of their breed type, age and body weight. The drugs and techniques used for premedication and anaesthesia are outlined. An assessment is made of the adequacy of the techniques chosen for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Recovery from anaesthesia is evaluated with particular reference to the drugs administered.RÉSUMÉLes résultats de sept années de recherche sont présentés. 473 chevaux ont été anesthèsiés, dont le type, l'age et le poids corporel sont précisés. Les techniques et les médicaments utilisés, tant pour la prémédication que pour l'anesthèsie sont indiquées.La valeur des techniques choisies pour l'induction et pour le maintien de l'anesthésie fait l'objet d'une discussion. Enfin la phase de réveil est étudiée en fonction des différents anesthésiques employés.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Resultate einer sieben Jahre dauernden Studie werden vorgebracht. 473 Pferde wurden narkotisiert und nach Rasse, Alter und Gewicht aufgeteilt. Die zur Praemedikation und Narkose verwendeten Medikamente und Verfahren werden angegeben und ihre Eignung zur Induktion und Erhaltung der Narkose beurteilt. Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Beurteilung der Medikamente hinsichtlich der Erholung von der Narkose gelegt.SUMARIOSon presentados resultados de 7 años de investigación en 473 caballos anestesiados y se indican las caracteristicas de su raza edad y pesos corporal. Las drogas y técnicas utilizadas como premedicación y anestesia son mencionados. Se hace una contribución a la técnica adecuada escogida para la inducción y mantenimiento de la anestesia. Es evaluada la recuperación de la anestesia con referencia particular a las drogas administradas.
A Method of Vectorcardiogram: Loop Portrayal
Authors: HOLMES J. R. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe paper describes a method of writing out vectorcardiograms using an XY/T plotter. The technique involves the storage of ECG signals on magnetic tape and their subsequent playback at slow speed to produce planar vector loops and scalar ECGs.RésuméL'article décrit une méthode d‘écriture du vectocardiogramme. Cette technique comporte le “stockage” des signaux ECG sur bande magnètique et leur reproduction ultèrieure au ralenti afin d'obtenir des boucles vectorielles dans un plan et des ECG scalaires.ZusammenfassungDer Artikel beschreibt eine Methode zur Registrierung von Vektorkardiogrammen mit Hilfe eines XY/T Systems. Die Technik bedient sich der Speicherung von EKG‐Signalen auf Magnetband und ihres späteren Rückspielens mit niedriger Geschwindigkeit zur Bestimmung von planaren Vektorschlingen und skalaren EKG's.
Symposium on Equine Abdominal Surgery
Authors: MESSERVY A. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe techniques for entering the abdomen via the flank, mid‐line and external inguinal ring are described. The methods of closure and the types and sizes of suture materials used are given.RésuméLes techniques pour accéder à l'intérieur de l'abdomen par le flanc, par la ligne blanche et par l'anneau inguinal externe sont décrites. Les méthodes de sutures et les types et dimensions de ligatures utilisées sont indiqués.ZusammenfassungDie Technik der abdominalen Chirurgie mit Eröffnung der Flanke, der linea alba oder des Inguinalkanals wird beschrieben. Die Methoden zum Verschluss und die Stärke des verwendeten Nahtmaterials werden angegeben.