bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticancer efficacy of phenolics based structurally related compounds and their radical scavenging action
Authors: Dubey Vijaya , Masood Nusrat , Luqman Suaib , Negi Arvind 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCancer, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is an abnormal cell proliferation that fails to respond to the normal signals. In an effort to eradicate the growing menace of cancer, a clear understanding of fundamental biology and molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis is essential for targeted therapies. Among the devised strategies in use for cancer treatment, the one that is of immense interest is the development of plant based novel anticancer agents. Due to their tremendous availability, biological activity and efficacy, the phytochemicals deemed a gibbous future in chemoprevention. In the present study, several phenolics based structurally related compounds of steroidal and non-steroidal skeleton were synthesized and tested for their modulatory effect on ornithine decarboxylase activity, an enzyme highly upregulated in cancer. Additionally, these compounds were also examined for radical scavenging extent to establish a correlation with the anticancer property. Our result suggests that the tested compounds possessed radical scavenging activity, for being the inherent property of the phenolics. 3-(3’,4’5’-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5,6-trimethoxyindan-1-one oxime exhibited highest inhibition of enzyme activity (91%) followed by 1-(2,4-dibromophenyl)-3-[3-methoxyestra 1,3,5(10)-trien-17-acetate,2-yl]-2-propen-1-one (85%), 2-Hydroxy, 3-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxy phenyl)-4,5,6-trimethoxy ind-2-en-1-one (80%), 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (74%) and 1-(3,-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3-methoxyestra 1,3,5(10)-trien-17-acetate, 2-yl]-2-propen-1-one (67%). Furthermore, it was observed that 1-(3-Methoxy, 4- hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3-methoxyestra 1,3,5 (10)-trien-17-acetate, 2-yl]-2-propen-1-one showed the highest scavenging effect (67%) in nitric oxide assay, whereas 1-(3-methylphenyl)-3-[3-methoxy, 17-hydroxyestra 1,3,5(10)-trien, 2-yl]-2-propen-1-one showed maximum inhibition of radical formation in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl analysis. Most of these compounds possessed a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl unit which might be inducing enzyme inhibition and scavenging radical formation. Further investigations are on the way to establish the structure-activity relationship, so that these compounds can be developed as anticancer agents.
The Hardy Effect
Authors: Hixon Thomas J. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose
The late James C. Hardy completed an extensive investigation of respiratory muscle activity during speech production. The data set that resulted was probably the most comprehensive and instructive that has ever existed. One aspect of the data puzzled Hardy and caused him to question the validity of his findings and withhold his observations from publication.

Method
This research note chronicles Hardy’s thinking at the time (based on personal communications) and points out how the aspect of the data that puzzled him turned out to be a seminal discovery of a fundamental mechanism of speech breathing.

Conclusion
It is proposed that, in his honor, this discovery be referred to as the Hardy Effect.
Rib Torque Does Not Assist Resting Tidal Expiration or Most Conversational Speech Expiration
Authors: Hixon Thomas J. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose

This research note discusses a common misconception in speech science and speech-language pathology textbooks that rib torque (i.e.,
rotational stress
) assists resting tidal expiration and conversational speech production.

Method
The nature of this misconception is considered.

Conclusion
An alternate conceptualization is offered that is consistent with knowledge from respiratory biomechanics.
On the Estimation of Atmospheric Aerosol Extinction Parameters from Measurements in the Johnson–Cousins Photometric System
Authors: Sánchez-Bajo F. , Álvarez D. Rodríguez-Estecha 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA procedure to estimate the aerosol extinction parameters of Angstrom's formula using data acquired with photometric broadband standard filters, the Johnson–Cousins filters, is presented. The method is based on the transformation of the heterochromatic magnitudes to the equivalent mean wavelength monochromatic magnitudes by an iterative approach, correcting subsequently the effects of water-vapour extinction in the longer-wavelength filters. As an example, the procedure has been used in the determination of the extinction parameters at the location of our observatory using the filters B, V, Rc and Ic on the night of 2008 August 28.
The Unification of the Senses: Intermediality in Video Art-Music
Authors: Rogers Holly 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe electromagnetic basis of video technology allowed sound and image to be recorded simultaneously: as a result, composers could visualize their music and artists could sound their images. Many believed that such intermedial audio-visuality signalled a brand-new art form that was free from lineage. Using Nam June Paik as an example, this article suggests that this is inaccurate. During the twentieth century, composers were experimenting with spatializing their sounds, while artists were attempting to include time as a creative element in their visual work. The intermedial capabilities of video technology allowed these two disciplines to come together, acting as a conduit that facilitated the fusion and manipulation of pre-existing elements. Understood in this way, music and art in the twentieth century cannot coherently be discussed as individual disciplines, but rather encourage a more lateral history – or spatial sensibility – that moves fluidly through the space between them.
Alpha heating in ITER L-mode and H-mode plasmas
Authors: Budny R.V. 
Published: November 2011

Predictions of alpha heating in ITER L-mode and H-mode DT plasmas are generated using the PTRANSP code. The baseline toroidal field (5.3 T), plasma current ramped to 15 MA and a flat electron density profile ramped to Greenwald fraction 0.85 are assumed. Various combinations of external heating by negative ion neutral beam injection, ion cyclotron resonance and electron cyclotron resonance are assumed to start half-way up the density ramp with the full power planned (P
ext = 73 MW). 50 s later the power is reduced to 50 MW to increase Q
DT, and to prevent excessive heat flow to the divertor and walls as the alpha heating increases. The time evolution of plasma temperatures and bulk toroidal rotation v
ϕ are predicted assuming GLF23 and boundary parameters. Conservatively low temperatures (≃0.6 keV) and v
ϕ ≃ 400 rad s−1 at the boundary (r/a ≃ 0.85) are assumed.
Alternative options are used to predict v
ϕ and the flow-shearing rates induced by the neutral beam torques in order to assess effects of uncertainties. Option 1 assumes the momentum transport coefficient χϕ is half the energy transport coefficient χi predicted consistently with the GLF23-predicted temperatures. With this assumption flow shearing does not have large effects on the energy transport, plasma temperatures and alpha heating. Option 2 uses GLF23 to predict v
ϕ directly. Higher flow-shearing rates and alpha heating powers are predicted for heating mixes with neutral beam heating. If the L → H power threshold is twice the ITPA fit then the heating mixes with the highest neutral beam power (and the most alpha heating) transition to H-mode during the density ramp. Other heating mixes remain in L-mode.
Predictions of H-mode temperatures and alpha heating depend sensitively on the assumed pedestal pressures. A scan in pedestal pressures is presented using the more pessimistic option 1. A linear increase in alpha heating with pedestal temperature and pressure is predicted.
Steric recognition of T‐cell receptor contact residues is required to map mutant epitopes by immunoinformatical programmes
Authors: Hsu Shiou‐Chih , Chang Chih‐Peng , Tsai Chao‐Yuan , Hsieh Shih‐Hung , Wu‐Hsieh Betty A. , Lo Yu‐Shu , Yang Jinn‐Moon 
Published: November 2011

SummaryMHC class I‐restricted CD8 T‐lymphocyte epitopes comprise anchor motifs, T‐cell receptor (TCR) contact residues and the peptide backbone. Serial variant epitopes with substitution of amino acids at either anchor motifs or TCR contact residues have been synthesized for specific interferon‐γ responses to clarify the TCR recognition mechanism as well as to assess the epitope prediction capacity of immunoinformatical programmes. CD8 T lymphocytes recognise the steric configuration of functional groups at the TCR contact side chain with a parallel observation that peptide backbones of various epitopes adapt to the conserved conformation upon binding to the same MHC class I molecule. Variant epitopes with amino acid substitutions at the TCR contact site are not recognised by specific CD8 T lymphocytes without compromising their binding capacity to MHC class I molecules, which demonstrates two discrete antigen presentation events for the binding of peptides to MHC class I molecules and for TCR recognition. The predicted outcome of immunoinformatical programmes is not consistent with the results of epitope identification by laboratory experiments in the absence of information on the interaction with TCR contact residues. Immunoinformatical programmes based on the binding affinity to MHC class I molecules are not sufficient for the accurate prediction of CD8 T‐lymphocyte epitopes. The predictive capacity is further improved to distinguish mutant epitopes from the non‐mutated epitopes if the peptide–TCR interface is integrated into the computing simulation programme.
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: From sleep‐disordered breathing to systemic comorbidities and the need to offer combined treatment strategies
Authors: BOREL JEAN‐CHRISTIAN , BOREL ANNE‐LAURE , MONNERET DENIS , TAMISIER RENAUD , LEVY PATRICK , PEPIN JEAN‐LOUIS 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTObesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as a combination of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2), daytime hypercapnia (partial arterial carbon dioxide concentration ≥45 mm Hg) and sleep‐disordered breathing after ruling out other disorders that may cause alveolar hypoventilation. Through the prism of the International Classification of Functioning, OHS is a chronic condition associated with respiratory, metabolic, hormonal and cardiovascular impairments, leading to a decrease in daily life activities, a lack of social participation and high risk of hospitalization and death. Despite its severity, OHS is largely underdiagnosed and the health‐related costs are higher than those of apnoeic or obese eucapnic patients. The present review discusses the definition, epidemiology, physiopathology and treatment modalities of OHS. Although nocturnal positive airway pressure therapies represent first‐line treatment and are effective in improving patient outcomes, there is a need to offer combined treatment strategies and to assess the effect of multimodal therapeutic strategies on morbidity and mortality.
Effect of season and ambient temperature on outcome of guaiac‐based faecal occult blood tests performed for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Hunter J. P. , Saratzis A. , Froggatt P. , Harmston C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim  Guaiac‐based faecal occult blood tests (gFOBTs) are used in the colorectal cancer screening programme. Recent data suggested that the immunological faecal occult blood test illustrated a variation in positivity according to season and ambient temperature. Our aim was to assess the effect of season and ambient temperature on the positivity rates of the gFOBT during pilot screening for colorectal cancer.Method  Data from the first year of round 1 of the pilot screening programme in Coventry and Warwickshire were analysed. Patients with positive and negative gFOBT samples were included. Patients with spoilt samples or incomplete data were excluded. Of the total of 59 513 patients, 30 311 were men and 29 202 women. Mean age was 56 years. Daily temperature data were provided by the meteorological office.Results  Median exposure of the gFOBT test card was 6 days (range 1–17). Median daily maximum temperature was 14°C. Spring and summer illustrated significantly decreased positivity rates compared with autumn and winter (Pearson’s chi‐squared test, P < 0.001). Mean daily maximum temperature for the test card exposure showed no significant difference in positivity rates (P = 0.53). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in positive samples in the > 25°C subgroup (P = 0.045).Conclusions  There is a seasonal variation in positivity rates of gFOBTs with increased positivity in spring and summer months. There is no difference in positivity rates in relation to ambient temperature except in subgroup analysis where there is a significant reduction in positivity rates above 25°C.
A Genome‐Wide Search for Non‐UGT1A1 Markers Associated with Unconjugated Bilirubin Level Reveals Significant Association with a Polymorphic Marker Near a Gene of the Nucleoporin Family
Authors: Datta Shalini , Chowdhury Abhijit , Ghosh Malay , Das Kaushik , Jha Pankaj , Colah Roshan , Mukerji Mitali , Majumder Partha P. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryVariants in the UGT1A1 gene and its promoter are known to determine levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), but do not explain all cases of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. To discover associations with variants in genes other than UGT1A1, we undertook a genome‐wide association study. We recruited 200 participants to cover the entire range of quantitative variation in UCB level. The data set – after data curation, including analyses for population stratification and cryptic relatedness – comprised genotypes at 512,349 SNP loci on 182 individuals. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) association analyses were performed, after adjusting the UCB level for effects of age, gender, and genotype at the dinucleotide (TA) insertion locus in UGT1A1 that is known to significantly modulate UCB level. A significant association of a polymorphic marker (rs2328136) near the NUP153 gene (which produces a 153 kDa nucleoporin) was obtained (p = 0.002, after multiple‐testing correction). The frequency of the variant allele (A) at the rs2328136 locus in our study population is 40%, higher than most global populations. NUP153, whose product is a major regulatory factor in bidirectional transport of biomolecules across nucleus to cytosol, is associated with the transport of biliverdin reductase, which is important for bilirubin conjugation.
Terminations of pregnancy in the European Union
Authors: Gissler M , Fronteira I , Jahn A , Karro H , Moreau C , Oliveira da Silva M , Olsen J , Savona‐Ventura C , Temmerman M , Hemminki E ,   the REPROSTAT group
Published: November 2011

Please cite this paper as: Gissler M, Fronteira I, Jahn A, Karro H, Moreau C, Oliveira da Silva M, Olsen J, Savona‐Ventura C, Temmerman M, Hemminki E, the REPROSTAT group. Terminations of pregnancy in the European Union. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2011.03189.x.Objective  To study the current legislation and trends in terminations of pregnancy in the European Union (EU).Design  Data were collected on legislation and statistics for terminations of pregnancy.Setting  Population‐based statistics from the EU member states.Population  Women in reproductive age in the 27 EU member states.Methods  Information on legislation was collected for all 27 EU member states. Statistical information until 2008 was compiled from international (n = 24) and national sources (n = 17). Statistical data were not available for Austria, Cyprus and Luxembourg.Main outcomes measures  Terminations of pregnancy per 1000 women aged 15–49 years.Results  Ireland, Malta and Poland have restrictive legislation. Luxembourg permits termination of pregnancy on physical and mental health indications; Cyprus, Finland, and the UK further include socio‐economic indications. In all other EU member states termination of pregnancy can be performed in early pregnancy on a women’s request. In general, the rates of termination of pregnancy have declined in recent years. In total, 10.3 terminations were reported per 1000 women aged 15–49 years in the EU in 2008. The rate was 12.3/1000 for countries requiring a legal indication for termination, and 11.0/1000 for countries allowing termination on request. Northern Europe (10.9/1000) and Central and Eastern Europe (10.8/1000) had higher rates than Southern Europe (8.9/1000). Northern Europe, however, had substantially higher rates of termination of pregnancy among teenagers.Conclusion  A more consistent and coherent reporting of terminations of pregnancy is needed in the EU. The large variation of termination rates between countries suggests that termination of pregnancy rates may be reduced in some countries without restricting women’s access to termination. Sexual education and provision of access to reliable and affordable contraception are essential to achieve low rates of termination of pregnancy.
Evaluation of the clinical effect of an on‐line course for community nurses on post‐partum emotional distress: a community‐based longitudinal time‐series quasi‐experiment
Authors: Thome Marga , Orlygsdottir Brynja , Elvarsson Bjarki Thor 
Published: November 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 494–504Evaluation of the clinical effect of an on‐line course for community nurses on post‐partum emotional distress: a community‐based longitudinal time‐series quasi‐experimentAbout 14% of Icelandic women suffer post‐partum from frequent depressive symptoms, and of those, 12% also report a high degree of parenting stress. Education of nurses and midwives on post‐partum distress is crucial in reducing its degree. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical effect of an on‐line course for community nurses on post‐partum emotional distress. A community‐based, longitudinal, time‐series quasi‐experiment was conducted in four stages from 2001 to 2005. Mothers attending 16 health centres throughout Iceland and scoring ≥12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at the 9th week post‐partum were eligible to participate. Health centres were divided into experimental (EHC) and control centres (CHC), and control centres were crossed over to experimental centres the following year and new control centres recruited. Nurses at EHC attended an on‐line course on post‐partum emotional distress. Participating mothers answered the EPDS; the Parenting Stress Index/Short form and the Fatigue Scale. Nursing diagnoses and interventions were recorded at all study centres. Of the women who were eligible (n = 163), 57% (n = 93) participated. At baseline, 9 weeks post‐partum, there were no significant differences between groups of women in the rate of depressive symptoms, fatigue or parenting stress. Women in all groups improved on all distress indicators over time; however, those from the EHC improved statistically and clinically significantly more on depressive symptoms than those from the CHC. Documentation of particular nursing diagnoses and interventions was significantly more frequent at the EHC, but referrals to specialists were significantly less frequent. On‐line education for nurses on post‐partum emotional distress is feasible and is related to improvement in post‐partum depressive symptoms.
Occult hepatitis B infection in a hemodialysis population in Guilan province, northern Iran
Authors: Joukar Farahnaz , Mansour‐Ghanaei Fariborz , Besharati Sepiedeh , Khosh‐Sorur Mahmoud 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHemodialysis (HD) patients are vulnerable to transfusion‐transmitted infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV infection with undetectable hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) is described as occult HBV and can lead to serious complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of occult HBV and concomitant factors in HD patients. Using a cross‐sectional design, clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from May to September 2009 in 11 different HD units in Guilan province in northern Iran. After serological testing for HBV surface antigens in 514 HD patients using a third‐generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit (Diapro, Milano, Italy), HBsAg‐negative patients were tested for HBV DNA using a Qiagen PCR kit (Artus Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany). After omission of seven HBsAg‐positive patients, 507 patients were included in the study, 280 (55.2%) of whom were male and 227 (44.8%) were female. Patients ranged in age from 16 to 66 years (mean 53.2 years). No HBV DNA was detected in HBsAg‐negative patients. Some 59 patients (11.6%) were anti‐hepatitis C virus positive and 32 (6.3%) were hepatitis C virus positive according to polymerase chain reaction. The study results indicate that occult HBV infection is not a significant health problem in HD patients in Guilan province.
Exploring health inequalities through the lens of an ethnographic study of healthy eating provision in the early years sector
Authors: Bristow Katie , Povall Susan , Capewell Simon , Motswama Modi , Lloyd‐Williams Ffion 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe social determinants of health are increasingly receiving international attention since the publication of the World Health Organization's Commission on the Social Determinants of Health in 2008. How different determinants affect health is much debated. Contrasting suggestions include, for example, a major link with socio‐economic inequalities, lack of social status and psychosocial stress or the extent of the welfare state. Others emphasise the need to understand the socio‐cultural contexts of specific situations. Diet‐related health is a good example of the relationship between poor health outcomes and deprivation. The aim of this paper is to explore the specific conditions and contexts that might reduce or exacerbate the provision of a healthy diet to children under 5 years in a range of nurseries supported by the Sure Start Local Programmes initiative in Liverpool. An ethnographic approach was taken to gather data from six nurseries, combining observation at the nurseries with interviews with owners and or managers (10), cooks (6), staff (12) and parents (2). The findings reveal the complex way different issues work together to support or hinder a nursery to develop a healthy eating culture and how relative inequalities, in general, are outworked. While recognising the importance of social status leading to poor health due to psychosocial stress, the findings tend to emphasise the importance of a strong welfare state and taking an early years of life‐course approach in reducing health inequalities.