bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the General Population Using Electronic Health Records
Authors: Perry Jessica , Brody Jennifer A. , Fong Christine , Sunshine Jacob E. , O’Reilly-Shah Vikas N. , Sayre Michael R. , Rea Thomas D. , Simon Noah , Shojaie Ali , Sotoodehnia Nona , Chatterjee Neal A. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
The majority of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) occur among individuals in the general population, for whom there is no established strategy to identify risk. In this study, we assess the use of electronic health record (EHR) data to identify OHCA in the general population and define salient factors contributing to OHCA risk.

METHODS:
The analytical cohort included 2366 individuals with OHCA and 23 660 age- and sex-matched controls receiving health care at the University of Washington. Comorbidities, electrocardiographic measures, vital signs, and medication prescription were abstracted from the EHR. The primary outcome was OHCA. Secondary outcomes included shockable and nonshockable OHCA. Model performance including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and positive predictive value were assessed and adjusted for observed rate of OHCA across the health system.

RESULTS:
There were significant differences in demographic characteristics, vital signs, electrocardiographic measures, comorbidities, and medication distribution between individuals with OHCA and controls. In external validation, discrimination in machine learning models (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.80–0.85) was superior to a baseline model with conventional cardiovascular risk factors (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.66). At a specificity threshold of 99%, correcting for baseline OHCA incidence across the health system, positive predictive value was 2.5% to 3.1% in machine learning models compared with 0.8% for the baseline model. Longer corrected QT interval, substance abuse disorder, fluid and electrolyte disorder, alcohol abuse, and higher heart rate were identified as salient predictors of OHCA risk across all machine learning models. Established cardiovascular risk factors retained predictive importance for shockable OHCA, but demographic characteristics (minority race, single marital status) and noncardiovascular comorbidities (substance abuse disorder) also contributed to risk prediction. For nonshockable OHCA, a range of salient predictors, including comorbidities, habits, vital signs, demographic characteristics, and electrocardiographic measures, were identified.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a population-based case–control study, machine learning models incorporating readily available EHR data showed reasonable discrimination and risk enrichment for OHCA in the general population. Salient factors associated with OCHA risk were myriad across the cardiovascular and noncardiovascular spectrum. Public health and tailored strategies for OHCA prediction and prevention will require incorporation of this complexity.
The neural correlates of response inhibition across the transition from infancy to toddlerhood: An fNIRS study
Authors: Fiske Abigail , Collins-Jones Liam , de Klerk Carina , Lui Katie Y.K. , Hendry Alexandra , Greenhalgh Isobel , Hall Anna , Dvergsdal Henrik , Scerif Gaia , Holmboe Karla 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The transition from late infancy into toddlerhood represents a fundamental period in early development. During this time, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is undergoing structural and functional maturation processes that parallel the emergence and improvement of executive function skills, such as inhibitory control. Despite the importance of this developmental period, relatively little is known about the emergence and development of response inhibition, a form of inhibitory control, and the associated neural substrates across this key transition. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an optical imaging technique suitable for imaging the developing brain, and an age-appropriate response inhibition task, we investigated the brain regions associated with response inhibition in 16-month-old toddlers. This pre-registered study extends our previous work with 10-month-old infants (Fiske et al., 2022) as it follows the same cohort of participants, now at 16 months of age. Whilst our previous work demonstrated that 10-month-old infants recruited right-lateralised regions of the PFC and parietal cortex when inhibition was required, the current study suggests that by 16 months, toddlers recruit the left superior parietal gyrus, the right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral regions of the dorsolateral PFC and orbital frontal cortex. Although there was no longitudinal change in response inhibition performance, more widespread, bilateral regions of the PFC were recruited during response inhibition at 16 months compared with 10 months. We acknowledge the need for replication of these results. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that the transition from infancy to toddlerhood may constitute an important period of reorganisation of the PFC that might support the development of early inhibitory control processes.
Atlas for the Lateralized Visuospatial Attention Networks (ALANs): Insights from fMRI and network analyses
Authors: Labache Loïc , Petit Laurent , Joliot Marc , Zago Laure 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hemispheric specialization is central to human evolution and fundamental to human cognitive abilities. While being a defining feature of functional brain architecture, hemispheric specialization is overlooked to derive brain parcellations. Alongside language, which is typically lateralized in the left hemisphere, visuospatial attention is set to be its counterpart in the opposite hemisphere. However, it remains uncertain to what extent the anatomical and functional underpinnings of lateralized visuospatial attention mirror those supporting language. Building on our previous work, which established a lateralized brain atlas for language, we propose a comprehensive cerebral lateralized atlas delineating the anatomo-functional bases of visuospatial attention, Atlas for Lateralized visuospatial Attentional Networks (ALANs). Combining task and resting-state functional connectivity analyses, we identified 95 lateralized brain areas comprising three networks supporting visual (visu), motor (somato-motor), and spatial processing (posterior-medial) processes at work during a line judgment bisection task, and two large-scale networks related to integrated visuospatial attention processes, the parieto-frontal and temporo-frontal networks. We identify hubs playing a pivotal role in the intra-hemispheric interaction within visuospatial attentional networks. The rightward lateralized parieto-frontal encompasses one hub, the inferior frontal sulcus, while the temporo-frontal network encompasses two right hubs: the inferior frontal cortex (pars triangularis and the anterior insula) and the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus. Compared with our language lateralized atlas, we demonstrated that specific regions within these networks encompass the homotope of the language network from the left hemisphere. This atlas of visuospatial attention provides valuable insights for future investigations into the variability of visuospatial attention and hemispheric specialization research. Additionally, it facilitates more effective comparisons among different studies, thereby enhancing the robustness and reliability of research in the field of attention.
The impact of Parkinson’s disease on striatal network connectivity and corticostriatal drive: An in silico study
Authors: Carannante Ilaria , Scolamiero Martina , Hjorth J. J. Johannes , Kozlov Alexander , Bekkouche Bo , Guo Lihao , Kumar Arvind , Chachólski Wojciech , Kotaleski Jeanette Hellgren 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Striatum, the input stage of the basal ganglia, is important for sensory-motor integration, initiation and selection of behavior, as well as reward learning. Striatum receives glutamatergic inputs from mainly cortex and thalamus. In rodents, the striatal projection neurons (SPNs), giving rise to the direct and the indirect pathway (dSPNs and iSPNs, respectively), account for 95% of the neurons, and the remaining 5% are GABAergic and cholinergic interneurons. Interneuron axon terminals as well as local dSPN and iSPN axon collaterals form an intricate striatal network. Following chronic dopamine depletion as in Parkinson’s disease (PD), both morphological and electrophysiological striatal neuronal features have been shown to be altered in rodent models. Our goal with this in silico study is twofold: (a) to predict and quantify how the intrastriatal network connectivity structure becomes altered as a consequence of the morphological changes reported at the single-neuron level and (b) to investigate how the effective glutamatergic drive to the SPNs would need to be altered to account for the activity level seen in SPNs during PD. In summary, we predict that the richness of the connectivity motifs in the striatal network is significantly decreased during PD while, at the same time, a substantial enhancement of the effective glutamatergic drive to striatum is present.
The golden butterfly: a new species of Pampasatyrus Hayward, extending northwards the range of the genus in the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
Authors: Pyrcz Tomasz W. , Boyer Pierre , Mahecha-J. Oscar , Farfán Jackie , Zając Kamila S. , Bálint Zsolt , Cerdeña-G. José 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A remarkable new species, Pampasatyrus karri sp.n. is described from the upper valley of the river Pampas on the border of the departments of Apurímac and Ayacucho in the central Andes of Peru. It occurs in grassland puna on rocky slopes around 3500 m a.s.l. It is characterized by bright golden wing uppersides, a colour unique among the Satyrinae. It is only the third known Andean representatives of this, otherwise predominantly low to mid elevation genus associated with Brazilian and Argentinian pampa, and is most closely related, as indicated by COI data and male genitalia, to P. gorkyi found 200 km south-eastwards in Cuzco. Its discovery extends the northern range limit of the genus Pampasatyrus in the Andes.
Attenuated-total-reflection Fourier-transformed spectroscopy as a rapid tool to reveal the molecular structure of insect powders as ingredients for animal feeds
Authors: Robertson K. , Ortuño J. , Stratakos A. , Stergiadis S. , Theodoridou K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Unsustainable agriculture contributes to disastrous global effects – insect-based feed shows potential due to their sustainable, nutritional, and waste upcycling properties. Current EU legislation restricts insect-based meals to fish, pork, and poultry feed; but the near-future shows a great potential for wider acceptance in livestock feed. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), mealworm (MW), field cricket (FC), and banded cricket (BC) were sourced within three consecutive weeks – each batch was prepared, freeze-dried, then milled, and stored at −20 °C. Chemical composition of whole-insect meals was analysed for ether extract (EE), crude ash, and nitrogenic contents using standard wet chemistry protocols. Monogastric in vitro digestibility was determined through replicating gastric and full intestinal digestion; during this, R-amino acid content was determined through protein hydrolysis kinetics. Additionally, ATR-FTIR was used for molecular analysis, including identification of nutrient-associated functional spectral bands – structural differences were compared through principal component analysis. Insect-based ATR-FTIR analysis demonstrates notable differences in Amide regions, suggesting distinct protein secondary structures, but overall, FC and BC contain the highest crude protein (CP) levels. The lowest CP content was in BSFL; however, BSFL contained the highest ash content – likely consequence of high calcium. Dry matter (DM) yielded lowest in the crickets (FC-28.6; BC-26.9 g/100 g), and highest in MW-38.5 g/100 g; the sum of CP + EE in MW represented >80% DM, but with higher EE contents-CP: EE = 2.45. Data shows greater chitin content in crickets than BSFL + MW. Crickets showed greater neutral detergent fibre (NDF) than BSFL + MW; however, acid-detergent fibre (ADF) was similar among all species, suggesting NDF may include amalgams of interlinked nutrients released by acid digestion. This first study shows for the first time evidence that rearing conditions and substrates influences molecular structure. Exponential solubilisation was observed during pepsin + pancreatin digestion for all, but BSFL exhibited the highest degree-of-hydrolysis during the pancreatin phase, surpassing others. Analysis indicates protein hydrolysis differences are linked to trypsin activity susceptibility.
Effective Visualization of Radar Data for Users Impacted by Color Vision Deficiency
Authors: Sherman Zachary , Grover Max , Jackson Robert , Collis Scott , O’Brien Joseph , Homeyer Cameron R. , Chase Randy J. , Lang Timothy J. , Stechman Daniel M. , Sockol Alyssa , Muehlbauer Kai , Thielen Jonathan , Theisen Adam , Gardner Sam , Michelson Daniel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Color vision deficiency (CVD) is a decreased ability to discern between particular colors. Eight percent of genetic males and half a percent of genetic females have some form of CVD, with many in the radar community falling into this group. When presenting data on a two-dimensional plane, it is common to use colors to represent values via a colormap. Colormap choice in the radar community is influenced by the ability to highlight scientifically interesting features in data, institutional choices, and domain dominance of legacy colormaps. The problem with these current colormaps is that many do not project well for those with CVD (i.e., green next to red). In working with the CVD community to address this problem, multiple colormaps for moments such as equivalent reflectivity factor and Doppler velocity were created for users with forms of CVD such as deuteranomaly, protanomaly, protanopia, and deuteranopia using Python tools such as colorspacious and viscm. We show how these colormaps can improve interpretability for four cases: a mesoscale convective system, a pyrocumulonimbus storm, a wintertime midlatitude cyclone, and widespread storms with a large bird migration. These new radar equivalent reflectivity factor, Doppler velocity, and polarization colormaps are designed to highlight rain, frozen precipitation, nonmeteorological targets, and velocity-based items, are perceptually uniform, and are visually friendly for those with CVD.
The Wave-Coherent Stress and Turbulent Structure over Swell Waves
Authors: Zou Zhongshui , Song Jinbao , Qiao Fangli , Wang Dongxiao , Zhang Jun A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The generation of ocean surface waves by wind has been studied for a century, giving rise to wave forecasting and other crucial applications. However, the reacting force of swell waves on the turbulence in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) remains unknown partly due to the unclear magnitude and profile of wave-coherent (WC) stress. In this study, the intersection frequency between the energy-containing range and inertial subrange range in the turbulent spectra is identified based on the attached eddy model (AEM), as the intersection modulated by swell wave could help to comprehend the physical process between the ocean surface wave and the marine ABL. Using observations from a fixed platform located in the South China Sea, this study shows that the intersection when the WC stress accounts for a lower proportion of the total wind stress (<10%) follows U/(2πz) given by AEM, where U is the wind speed and z is the height. While the intersection depends on the drag coefficient of WC stress for the case, WC stress accounts for a large part of the total wind stress (>10%). Considering the unclear magnitude and profile of WC stress, this study derives a new function to depict the WC stress.

Significance Statement
Turbulence located in the energy-containing range of the spectra is the primary source of momentum, heat, and water vapor fluxes between the ocean and marine atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Thus, a better understanding of the turbulent structure within the wave boundary layer can help us accurately parameterize those fluxes. In addition to absorbing energy from the marine ABL, waves, especially swell waves, influence the turbulent structure. However, until now, the turbulent structure is unclear due to the unclear wave-coherent stress size and profile. In this study, a function that can depict the wave-coherent stress is proposed. We found that the wave-coherent stress can modulate the intersection between the energy-containing range and the inertial subrange range in the turbulent spectra.
Ocean Wave Directional Distribution from GPS Buoy Observations off the West Coast of Ireland: Assessment of a Wavelet-Based Method
Authors: Peláez-Zapata Daniel , Pakrashi Vikram , Dias Frédéric 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Knowledge of the directional distribution of a wave field is crucial for a better understanding of complex air–sea interactions. However, the dynamic and unpredictable nature of ocean waves, combined with the limitations of existing measurement technologies and analysis techniques, makes it difficult to obtain precise directional information, leading to a poor understanding of this important quantity. This study investigates the potential use of a wavelet-based method applied to GPS buoy observations as an alternative approach to the conventional methods for estimating the directional distribution of ocean waves. The results indicate that the wavelet-based estimations are consistently good when compared to the framework of widely used parameterizations for the directional distribution. The wavelet-based method presents advantages in comparison with the conventional methods, including being purely data-driven and not requiring any assumptions about the shape of the distribution. In addition, it was found that the wave directional distribution is narrower at the spectral peak and broadens asymmetrically at higher and lower scales, particularly sharply for frequencies below the peak. The directional spreading appears to be independent of the wave age across the entire range of frequencies, implying that the angular width of the directional spectrum is primarily controlled by nonlinear wave–wave interactions rather than by wind forcing. These results support the use of the wavelet-based method as a practical alternative for the estimation of the wave directional distribution. In addition, this study highlights the need for continued innovation in the field of ocean wave measuring technologies and analysis techniques to improve our understanding of air–sea interactions.

Significance Statement
This study presents a wavelet-based technique for obtaining the directional distribution of ocean waves applied to GPS buoy. This method serves as an alternative to conventional methods and is relatively easy to implement, making it a practical option for researchers and engineers. The study was conducted in a highly energetic environment characterized by high wind speeds and large waves, providing a valuable dataset for understanding the dynamics of marine environment in extreme conditions. This research has implications for improving our understanding of directional characteristics of ocean waves, which is crucial for navigation, offshore engineering, weather forecasting, and coastal hazard mitigation. This study also highlights the challenges associated with understanding wave directionality and emphasizes a need for further observations.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Technical Advice from Agricultural Extension Services: Evidence from a Field Survey in Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Nagar Ankit , Nauriyal Dinesh Kumar , Singh Sukhpal 
Published: June 2024

This article examines the key drivers of farmers’ adoption of technical advice and their preferred providers of agricultural extension services. Based on a primary survey conducted in western Uttar Pradesh, India, the data from 272 sample households were analysed using a binary logistic regression model. The findings suggest that farmers’ decisions to adopt technical advice are influenced positively by farm size, household size, average hours spent on farms, training and awareness of the extension scheme. The positive relationship between farm size and technical advice adoption demonstrates the need for extension services to reconsider their strategies for reaching out to more marginal and small farmers, who account for over 85 per cent of agricultural households, by incorporating their priorities into their outreach programmes. Non-government extension sources are found to be important for access but not for the adoption of technical advice. However, in both commercial and public extension services, a lack of faith in extension services is the fundamental cause of the relatively low adoption rate. The low preference of information and communications technology-based extension services underlines that physical forms of extension services are far more important in developing countries like India. JEL Code: Q16
Evaluation of the effectiveness of fresh frozen plasma transfusion as adjuvant treatment in acute organophosphate-poisoned patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abdelhamid Somaia , Abel Kareem Manal , Ashry Soha , Saeed Sara 
Published: June 2024

Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent research has explored new approaches to improving treatment options, which present several challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the role of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) as an adjunctive therapy for acute OP intoxication. A prospective single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients of both sexes admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Poison Control Center at Ain Shams University Hospital (PCC-ASUH) with acute OP toxicity during the period from the beginning of August 2022 to the end of July 2023. According to the Peradeniya score, Group I consisted of 48 patients (52%) with moderate OP poisoning, and Group II consisted of 44 patients (48%) with severe OP poisoning. Patients in the moderate group were assigned to receive either standard treatment (Group Ia, n = 24) or standard treatment plus FFP (Group Ib, n = 24). In addition, patients in the severe group were assigned to receive either standard treatment (Group IIa, n = 22) or standard treatment plus FFP (Group IIb, n = 22). A total of 46 patients received FFP transfusion. The authors demonstrated that the early use of a total of nine packs of FFP (250 mL each) over three consecutive days significantly reduced the total doses of atropine and oximes, the total hospitalization period, and the requirement for mechanical ventilation in patients with OP poisoning, both in the moderate and severe groups.
A Clinicopathological Study of Oesophageal Malignancies With Special Reference to Immunohistochemical Expression of HER2/Neu
Authors: Katta Ramya , Kumari Pasam Ramana , Sreedhar Bora 
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims: Oesophageal malignancies tend to have poor prognosis and thus there is a need to identify newer therapeutic targets for their treatment. This study aimed at studying the incidence and histopathological spectrum of oesophageal malignancies with special emphasis on immunohistochemical expression of HER2/Neu in adenocarcinomas. Material and Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in a tertiary care centre in South India. Endoscopic biopsies and resection specimens of oesophageal malignancies were included in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis for HER2/Neu was performed on all oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Results: Squamous cell carcinoma constituted the most common malignancy in this study. Approximately 20% of oesophageal adenocarcinomas showed positivity for HER2/Neu. A prominent association of Barrett’s metaplasia with oesophageal adenocarcinoma was noted.