bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders in a large cohort of patients with joint hypermobility
Authors: Sood Vibha , Kaul Ajay , El‐Chammas Khalil I. , Mukkada Vincent A. , Sun Qin , Fei Lin , Santucci Neha R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations in children with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome/joint hypermobility syndrome (hEDS/JHS) are not well described. We investigated the prevalence of GI disorders in children and young adults with hEDS/JHS through a single‐center retrospective review. Demographic data, clinical history, symptoms, and diagnostic studies were reviewed. Of 435 patients with hEDS/JHS, 66% were females (age 5−28 years). We noted a high prevalence of constipation (61%), dysphagia (32%), dyspepsia and/or gastroparesis (25%), eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) (21%), and celiac disease (4%) in our cohort. Upper endoscopy and gastric emptying scans had the highest yield to detect abnormalities. Motility studies were abnormal in 31% of the 80 patients who underwent them. Dysphagia symptoms are significantly associated with EoE. Thirty‐three percent of dysphagia patients had EoE, versus 16% of non‐dysphagia patients (p < 0.001). Screening hEDS/JHS patients for GI issues should be routine, with further investigations and referrals guided by identified symptoms.
A phenomenological study of tourists' categories in the Indian Himalayan Region
Authors: Chandra Pramod 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTourists visiting the Indian Himalayan Region are categorized from an etic perspective; consequently, they are considered akin to the nature and congruity of the regional destinations. However, evidence indicates that an aberration has occurred in the region's tourism activities, adversely influencing the host communities' cultural and social context. From an emic perspective, this paper presents a new categorization of visiting tourists in the region. This research took a phenomenological stance, and 34 in‐depth interviews were conducted to collect the primary data. Subsequently, a thematic analysis was performed to analyze data. Findings demonstrate that, due to an aberration in the form of tourists, the cultural and social order of the region is experiencing antithetical issues, and host communities are becoming skeptical about the sector's existing tourism model and revenue aspirations; therefore, conflicts are intensifying between tourism development and revenue aspirations in the region. The study concludes by proposing future research directions.
A comparative analysis of surgically excised hereditary and sporadic pheochromocytomas: Insights from a single‐center experience
Authors: Nasiroglu Imga Narin , Deniz Muzaffer Serdar , Tural Balsak Belma Ozlem , Aslan Yilmaz , Tuncel Altug , Berker Dilek 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPheochromocytoma is a tumor that usually originating from adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and producing one or more catecholamines, can manifest as hereditary or sporadic. While the majority pheochromocytomas are sporadic, hereditary forms are often associated with genetic syndromes such as von Hippel–Lindau, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, and neurofibromatosis type 1. This study aims to analyze data from our series of surgically excited pheochromocytoma patients and compare the characteristics between hereditary and sporadic cases. We retrospectively evaluated 33 diagnosed pheochromocytoma patients, documenting clinical features, surgical complications, and tumor characteristics in both hereditary and sporadic cases. Among the patients, 21% (7 individuals) had hereditary pheochromocytoma, while 79% (26 individuals) had sporadic cases. During diagnosis, hereditary pheochromocytoma patients exhibited a significantly lower mean age compared to the sporadic group (26.4 ± 9.9 years vs. 50.4 ± 14.0 years; p < 0.001). The maximum tumor size was also lower in hereditary cases compared to sporadic cases (p = 0.004). Adrenal tumor localization analysis showed that 63.6% were right‐sided, 24.2% were left‐sided, and 12.1% were bilateral. Laboratory analysis revealed significantly higher urinary norepinephrine levels in hereditary pheochromocytoma patients (p = 0.021). Our findings suggest that hereditary pheochromocytoma cases are characterized by a younger age at diagnosis, smaller tumor size, and a higher prevalence of multiple bilateral adrenal adenomas. We recommend genetic testing for all pheochromocytoma patients, particularly those with early‐onset disease and bilateral adrenal tumors.
Movement Disorders in Patients with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Garg Divyani , Patel Sahil , Sankhla Charulata S. , Holla Vikram V. , Paramanandam Vijayashankar , Kukkle Prashanth L. , Pandey Sanjay , Schneider Susanne A. , Pal Pramod K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSubacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a complication of measles, occurring after a latency of 4–10 years. It continues to occur in developing countries although resurgence is being reported from developed countries. Characteristic features include progressive neuropsychiatric issues, myoclonus, seizures, movement disorders and visual impairment. Electroencephalography (EEG) typically shows periodic generalized discharges, and elevated CSF anti‐measles antibodies are diagnostic. Movement disorders are being increasingly recognized as part of the clinical spectrum, and range from hyperkinetic (chorea, dystonia, tremor, tics) to hypokinetic (parkinsonism) disorders and ataxia.ObjectivesThis article aims to comprehensively review the spectrum of movement disorders associated with SSPE.MethodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE databases in December 2023 and articles were identified for review.ResultsMovement disorders reported in SSPE included hyperkinetic (chorea, dystonia, tremor and tics), hypokinetic (parkinsonism), ataxia and extraocular movement disorders. Myoclonus, a core clinical feature, was the most frequent “abnormal movement.” Movement disorders were observed in all clinical stages, and could also be a presenting feature, even sans myoclonus. Hyperkinetic movement disorders were more common than hypokinetic movement disorders. An evolution of movement disorders was observed, with ataxia, chorea and dystonia occurring earlier, and parkinsonism later in the disease. Neuroradiological correlates of movement disorders remained unclear.ConclusionA wide spectrum of movement disorders was observed throughout the clinical stages of SSPE. Most data were derived from case reports and small case series. Multicentric longitudinal studies are required to better delineate the spectrum and evolution of movement disorders in SSPE.
Understanding Anxiety in Cervical Dystonia: An Imaging Study
Authors: Mahajan Abhimanyu , Stoub Travis , Gonzalez David A. , Stebbins Glenn , Gray Gabrielle , Warner‐Rosen Tila , Sugar Dana , Pylypyuk Caroline , Yu Mandy , Comella Cynthia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety may precede motor symptoms in cervical dystonia (CD) and is associated with an earlier onset of dystonia. Our understanding of anxiety in CD is inadequate.ObjectiveTo investigate brain networks associated with anxiety in CD.MethodsTwenty‐six subjects with idiopathic CD underwent MRI Brain without contrast. Correlational tractography was derived using Diffusion MRI connectometry. Quantitative Anisotropy (QA) was used in deterministic diffusion fiber tracking. Correlational tractography was then used to correlate QA with State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) state (STAI‐S) and trait (STAI‐T) subscales.ResultsConnectometry analysis showed direct correlation between state anxiety and QA in tracts from amygdala to thalamus/ pulvinar bilaterally, and trait anxiety and QA in tracts from amygdala to motor cortex, sensorimotor cortex and parietal association area bilaterally (FDR ≤0.05).ConclusionOur efforts to map anxiety to brain networks in CD highlight the role of the amygdala in the pathophysiology of anxiety in CD.
Sequential free fibula transfers: Quality of life and systematic review
Authors: Wu Robin T. , Lin Jennifer An‐Jou , Su Chun‐Lin , Wei Fu‐Chan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSuccessive osteoseptocutaneous fibula transfers for jaws reconstruction are rare but important options. This study contributes patient‐reported and clinical outcomes, as well as systematically reviews all existing reports.MethodsAll sequential fibula transfers performed by the senior author were reviewed from a prospectively managed database, including University of Washington quality of life (UWQoL). Systematic review was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane databases for similar publications.ResultsEighteen patients (average age 51.5 years) received sequential fibulas (mean 4.7 years between reconstructions). Secondary fibulas more often had benign indications (72.2% vs. 33.3%, p = .04), most commonly osteoradionecrosis (38.9%). At a mean follow‐up of 30.5 months, the average interincisal distance increased from 21.8 to 27.6 mm, and 92.3% tolerated an oral diet following the second fibula.Eight patients completed the UW‐QoL before and after the second fibula, and three prior to the first fibula. Composite physical function was significantly decreased from 96.7 prefibula reconstruction to 63.3 following the first (p < .001) and 64.2 after the second fibula (p < .001). There were no differences in other domains.The systematic review yielded six articles reporting 56 patients (mean 39 months between fibulas). Secondary fibulas were performed for repeat malignancy (45%) and osteoreadionecrosis (39%), resulting in elevated tube feeding from 20% following the first to 39% following the second, but overall high quality of life in two studies.ConclusionsSequential osteoseptocutaneous fibula reconstructions of jaws are often performed for benign indications such as osteoradionecrosis. Overall function and QoL are comparable with those following the first fibula transfer.
Whole‐cerebrum guanidino and amide CEST mapping at 3 T by a 3D stack‐of‐spirals gradient echo acquisition
Authors: Wang Kexin , Ju Licheng , Song Yulu , Blair Lindsay , Xie Kevin , Liu Claire , Li Anna M , Zhu Dan , Xu Feng , Liu Guanshu , Heo Hye‐Young , Yadav Nirbhay Narayan , Oeltzschner Georg , Edden Richard A. E. , Qin Qin , Kamson David Olayinka , Xu Jiadi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop a 3D, high‐sensitivity CEST mapping technique based on the 3D stack‐of‐spirals (SOS) gradient echo readout, the proposed approach was compared with conventional acquisition techniques and evaluated for its efficacy in concurrently mapping of guanidino (Guan) and amide CEST in human brain at 3 T, leveraging the polynomial Lorentzian line‐shape fitting (PLOF) method.MethodsSaturation time and recovery delay were optimized to achieve maximum CEST time efficiency. The 3DSOS method was compared with segmented 3D EPI (3DEPI), turbo spin echo, and gradient‐ and spin‐echo techniques. Image quality, temporal SNR (tSNR), and test–retest reliability were assessed. Maps of Guan and amide CEST derived from 3DSOS were demonstrated on a low‐grade glioma patient.ResultsThe optimized recovery delay/saturation time was determined to be 1.4/2 s for Guan and amide CEST. In addition to nearly doubling the slice number, the gradient echo techniques also outperformed spin echo sequences in tSNR: 3DEPI (193.8 ± 6.6), 3DSOS (173.9 ± 5.6), and GRASE (141.0 ± 2.7). 3DSOS, compared with 3DEPI, demonstrated comparable GuanCEST signal in gray matter (GM) (3DSOS: [2.14%–2.59%] vs. 3DEPI: [2.15%–2.61%]), and white matter (WM) (3DSOS: [1.49%–2.11%] vs. 3DEPI: [1.64%–2.09%]). 3DSOS also achieves significantly higher amideCEST in both GM (3DSOS: [2.29%–3.00%] vs. 3DEPI: [2.06%–2.92%]) and WM (3DSOS: [2.23%–2.66%] vs. 3DEPI: [1.95%–2.57%]). 3DSOS outperforms 3DEPI in terms of scan–rescan reliability (correlation coefficient: 3DSOS: 0.58–0.96 vs. 3DEPI: −0.02 to 0.75) and robustness to motion as well.ConclusionThe 3DSOS CEST technique shows promise for whole‐cerebrum CEST imaging, offering uniform contrast and robustness against motion artifacts.
Finite element modeling of thermal‐hydro‐mechanical coupled processes in unsaturated freezing soils considering air‐water capillary pressure and cryosuction
Authors: Norouzi Emad , Li Biao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive computational model for analyzing thermo‐hydro‐mechanical coupled processes in unsaturated porous media under frost actions. The model employs the finite element method to simulate multiphase fluid flows, heat transfer, phase change, and deformation behaviors. A new soil freezing characteristic curve model is proposed to consider the suctions from air‐water capillary pressure and water‐ice cryosuction. A total pore pressure with components from liquid water pressure, air pressure, and ice pressure is used in the effective stress law. Vapor and dry air are considered miscible gases, utilizing the ideal gas law and Dalton's law. The governing equations encompass the linear momentum balance equation, the energy balance equation, and mass conservation equations for water species (ice, liquid, and vapor) and dry air. Weak forms are formulated based on primary variables of displacement, water pressure, air pressure, and temperature. The spatial discretization is achieved through the finite element method, while temporal discretization employs the fully implicit finite difference method, resulting in a system of fully coupled nonlinear equations. To verify the proposed computational model, a numerical implementation is developed and validated against a set of experimental data from the literature. The successful verification demonstrates the robustness of the model. A detailed discussion of the contributions from phase change strain and different sources of pore pressure is also addressed.
The shadow of institutional racism on people of color's involvement in membership associations
Authors: AbouAssi Khaldoun , Berlan David , Wright James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMembership associations are membership owned; they serve their members but play a critical role in the society. This study examines association membership and volunteering behaviors to identify differences in how people of color experience these organizations. Results detect continued barriers to engagement by people of color in terms of volunteering opportunities, and less so for joining these associations. People of color tend to engage in more activities but dedicate less time to these engagements, creating unbalanced results; yet they find more satisfaction from these engagements compared to their White counterparts. Associations themselves must continue to identify and remove barriers to fair participation rooted in racism.
Characterization of discordance between mismatch repair deficiency and microsatellite instability testing may prevent inappropriate treatment with immunotherapy
Authors: Geurts Birgit S , Zeverijn Laurien J , van Berge Henegouwen Jade M , van der Wijngaart Hanneke , Hoes Louisa R , de Wit Gijs F , Spiekman Ilse AC , Battaglia Thomas W , van Beek Daphne M , Roepman Paul , Jansen Anne ML , de Leng Wendy WJ , Broeks Annegien , Labots Mariette , van Herpen Carla ML , Gelderblom Hans , Verheul Henk MW , Snaebjornsson Petur , Voest Emile E 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the Drug Rediscovery Protocol (DRUP), patients with cancer are treated based on their tumor molecular profile with approved targeted and immunotherapies outside the labeled indication. Importantly, patients undergo a tumor biopsy for whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) which allows for a WGS‐based evaluation of routine diagnostics. Notably, we observed that not all biopsies of patients with dMMR/MSI‐positive tumors as determined by routine diagnostics were classified as microsatellite‐unstable by subsequent WGS. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the discordance rate between routine dMMR/MSI diagnostics and WGS and to further characterize discordant cases. We assessed patients enrolled in DRUP with dMMR/MSI‐positive tumors identified by routine diagnostics, who were treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and for whom WGS data were available. Patient and tumor characteristics, study treatment outcomes, and material from routine care were retrieved from the patient medical records and via Palga (the Dutch Pathology Registry), and were compared with WGS results. Initially, discordance between routine dMMR/MSI diagnostics and WGS was observed in 13 patients (13/121; 11%). The majority of these patients did not benefit from ICB (11/13; 85%). After further characterization, we found that in six patients (5%) discordance was caused by dMMR tumors that did not harbor an MSI molecular phenotype by WGS. In six patients (5%), discordance was false due to the presence of multiple primary tumors (n = 3, 2%) and misdiagnosis of dMMR status by immunohistochemistry (n = 3, 2%). In one patient (1%), the exact underlying cause of discordance could not be identified. Thus, in this group of patients limited to those initially diagnosed with dMMR/MSI tumors by current routine diagnostics, the true assay‐based discordance rate between routine dMMR/MSI‐positive diagnostics and WGS was 5%. To prevent inappropriate ICB treatment, clinicians and pathologists should be aware of the risk of multiple primary tumors and the limitations of different tests. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Catalytic cyanate resin with polysulfide cation catalyst and its ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fiber composites for radome
Authors: Jiang Jingyu , Geng Hongbo , Xu Ke , Wang Hao , Zhou Yijia , Guo Xu , Zhang Chunhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCyanate (CE) resin and ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber are respectively important matrix and reinforcing material for lightweight and high wave‐transparent composites. However, the preparation and application of the composites is limited by the mismatch of molding temperature between CE resin and UHMWPE fiber. The best method to solve this problem is to catalyze the CE resin curing reaction and reduce its molding temperature from 270 to 135°C, which is the upper heat‐resistance temperature of UHMWPE fiber. In this study, the polysulfide catalyst (PSC) was used to catalyze CE resin curing reaction, reduce the curing reaction activation energy and the molding temperature. The apparent activation energy of the CE‐PSC resin decreases from 107.2 to 60.7 kJ mol−1, and the glass transition temperature of the CE‐PSC resin is 257.2°C, flexural strength and tensile strength are 120.2 and 60.8 MPa, respectively. As a result, the CE‐PSC/UHMWPE fiber composites, which are molded at the matching temperature of 135°C, have low density of 1.05 g cm−3, low dielectric constant of 2.4, low dielectric loss of 0.006, and high wave transmittance of 92.2%. Therefore, the CE‐PSC/UHMWPE fiber composites have wide application prospect in the field of light weight and high wave‐transparent composites.Highlights
A novel catalytic CE resin can be cured at 135°C with low dielectric properties.
The processing temperature mismatch between CE and UHMWPE fiber was solved.
Catalytic CE/UHMWPE composites have lightweight and high wave‐transparent properties.
Printability and mechanical properties of solution impregnated continuous jute yarn reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites fabricated by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Razavi‐Nouri Mohammad , Afsharkohan Mohammad Saleh , Rezadoust Amir Masood , Zaredar Zahra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work aimed to check the influence of solution impregnated (SIP) jute yarn on printability and mechanical properties of 3D printed continuous jute yarn reinforced biocomposites. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) was employed as the matrix and the biocomposites were fabricated by in‐nozzle melt impregnation fused deposition modeling (FDM). The thermoplasic polyurethane (TPU), polystyrene (PS) and ABS solutions with the concentration of 2 and 10 wt% were prepared for making the SIP jute yarn. The best tensile strength and pull‐out results were obtained for the single strand composed of ABS and jute in which the yarn was impregnated with the solution containing 2 wt% TPU (TPU2%) before processing. The three printing parameters of layer height, print speed and nozzle diameter were changed to compare the process window of the composite specimens fabricated using the solution unimpregnated (SUIP) and SIP jute yarn with TPU2%. The results indicated that the print speed could be higher for the SIP one than that of its counterpart. The tensile and short beam shear tests of the non‐dried (ABS/NDJ) and dried ABS/Jute (ABS/DJ) composites revealed that the influence of drying was more obvious on the tensile properties results than those of on the short beam shear test. In addition, the yield stress, elastic modulus and tensile strength of ABS/DJ were 24, 17 and 12% higher than for ABS/NDJ, respectively. However, the highest tensile properties and short beam shear test results were acquired for the composites fabricated by jute yarn SIP with TPU2%.Highlights
Printability of ABS/impregnated continuous jute yarn composites was studied by FDM
TPU, PS and ABS of 2 and 10 wt% solutions were used to impregnate the jute yarn
Three printing parameters were altered to find the process window for FDM process
Best mechanical properties was obtained for ABS/Jute filament impregnated by TPU2%
Process window was wider for the impregnated than that for unimpregnated composite
Tensile and compressive properties of bamboo scrimber under different temperature conditions
Authors: Deng Jie , Wei Yang , Chen Si , Chen Jiawei , Zhao Kang , Li Guofen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBamboo scrimber demonstrates vulnerability to environmental temperature fluctuations, such as exposure to cold or fire, when deployed in structural applications. Consequently, its mechanical properties can substantially diverge from the intended design values under varying thermal conditions. This study aims to study the tensile and compressive properties of bamboo scrimber under different temperatures to provide data support for studying bamboo scrimber under low and high temperatures. The compressive properties of bamboo scrimber under temperatures ranging from −30°C to 250°C and the tensile properties under −20°C to 250°C were determined by a series of tests with a total of 125 specimens. The results show that the mass loss of bamboo scrimber increases gradually with the increase in temperature, and the increasing trend intensifies after 120°C. With the increase of temperature, the failure mode of the specimens under compression changes from the bottom compression cracking damage to the local destabilization of longitudinal fibers, while the tensile damage modes aren't influenced by temperature, and both “straight‐line” and “folded‐line” types of damage modes occur at different temperatures. The tensile and compressive strengths and elastic modulus of the specimens decreased with the increase in temperature, and the strength was more susceptible to the temperature than the elastic modulus: a rise in temperature from 20°C to 250°C resulted in a reduction of compressive strength and tensile strength by 80.80% and 84.11%, respectively, the compressive modulus and tensile modulus experienced decreases of 49.51% and 53.28%. Furthermore, equations of temperature influence coefficients of strength and elastic modulus were established based on the test results.Highlights
Bamboo scrimber's mechanical properties under different temperatures are studied.
Tendency and explanation of temperature influence coefficients are analyzed.
Temperature coefficient equations for strength and elastic modulus are proposed.