bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IFN-γ-inducible protein of 10 kDa upregulates the effector functions of eosinophils through β2integrin and CXCR3
Authors: Takaku Yotaro , Nakagome Kazuyuki , Kobayashi Takehito , Hagiwara Koichi , Kanazawa Minoru , Nagata Makoto 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundEosinophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and its exacerbation. Recent reports suggest the involvement of IFN-γ-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10) in virus-induced asthma exacerbation. The objective of this study was to examine whether CXCR3 ligands including IP-10 modify the effector functions of eosinophils.MethodsEosinophils isolated from the blood of healthy donors were stimulated with CXCR3 ligands and their adhesion to rh-ICAM-1 was then measured using eosinophil peroxidase assays. The generation of eosinophil superoxide anion (O2-) was examined based on the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) release was evaluated to determine whether CXCR3 ligands induced eosinophil degranulation. Cytokine and chemokine production by eosinophils was examined using a Bio-plex assay.ResultsEosinophil adhesion to ICAM-1 was significantly enhanced by IP-10, which also significantly induced eosinophil O2-generation in the presence of ICAM-1. Both the enhanced adhesion and O2-generation were inhibited by an anti-β2integrin mAb or an anti-CXCR3 mAb. Other CXCR3 ligands, such as monokine induced by IFN-γ (Mig) and IFN-inducible T cell α chemoattractant (I-TAC), also induced eosinophil adhesion and O2-generation in the presence of ICAM-1. IP-10, but not Mig or I-TAC, increased the release of EDN. IP-10 increased the production of a number of cytokines and chemokines by eosinophils.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CXCR3 ligands such as IP-10 can directly upregulate the effector functions of eosinophils. These effects might be involved in the activation and infiltration of eosinophils in the airway of asthma, especially in virus-induced asthma exacerbation.
Leveraging domain information to restructure biological prediction
Authors: Nan Xiaofei , Fu Gang , Zhao Zhengdong , Liu Sheng , Patel Ronak Y , Liu Haining , Daga Pankaj R , Doerksen Robert J , Dang Xin , Chen Yixin , Wilkins Dawn 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundIt is commonly believed that including domain knowledge in a prediction model is desirable. However, representing and incorporating domain information in the learning process is, in general, a challenging problem. In this research, we consider domain information encoded by discrete or categorical attributes. A discrete or categorical attribute provides a natural partition of the problem domain, and hence divides the original problem into several non-overlapping sub-problems. In this sense, the domain information is useful if the partition simplifies the learning task. The goal of this research is to develop an algorithm to identify discrete or categorical attributes that maximally simplify the learning task.ResultsWe consider restructuring a supervised learning problem via a partition of the problem space using a discrete or categorical attribute. A naive approach exhaustively searches all the possible restructured problems. It is computationally prohibitive when the number of discrete or categorical attributes is large. We propose a metric to rank attributes according to their potential to reduce the uncertainty of a classification task. It is quantified as a conditional entropy achieved using a set of optimal classifiers, each of which is built for a sub-problem defined by the attribute under consideration. To avoid high computational cost, we approximate the solution by the expected minimum conditional entropy with respect to random projections. This approach is tested on three artificial data sets, three cheminformatics data sets, and two leukemia gene expression data sets. Empirical results demonstrate that our method is capable of selecting a proper discrete or categorical attribute to simplify the problem, i.e., the performance of the classifier built for the restructured problem always beats that of the original problem.ConclusionsThe proposed conditional entropy based metric is effective in identifying good partitions of a classification problem, hence enhancing the prediction performance.
Comparison of static immersion and intravenous injection systems for exposure of zebrafish embryos to the natural pathogen Edwardsiella tarda
Authors: van Soest Joost J , Stockhammer Oliver W , Ordas Anita , Bloemberg Guido V , Spaink Herman P , Meijer Annemarie H 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
The zebrafish embryo is an important in vivo model to study the host innate immune response towards microbial infection. In most zebrafish infectious disease models, infection is achieved by micro-injection of bacteria into the embryo. Alternatively, Edwardsiella tarda, a natural fish pathogen, has been used to treat embryos by static immersion. In this study we used transcriptome profiling and quantitative RT-PCR to analyze the immune response induced by E. tarda immersion and injection.

Results
Mortality rates after static immersion of embryos in E. tarda suspension varied between 25-75%, while intravenous injection of bacteria resulted in 100% mortality. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis on the level of single embryos showed that expression of the proinflammatory marker genes il1b and mmp9 was induced only in some embryos that were exposed to E. tarda in the immersion system, whereas intravenous injection of E. tarda led to il1b and mmp9 induction in all embryos. In addition, microarray expression profiles of embryos subjected to immersion or injection showed little overlap. E. tarda-injected embryos displayed strong induction of inflammatory and defense genes and of regulatory genes of the immune response. E. tarda-immersed embryos showed transient induction of the cytochrome P450 gene cyp1a. This gene was also induced after immersion in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspensions, but, in contrast, was not induced upon intravenous E. tarda injection. One of the rare common responses in the immersion and injection systems was induction of irg1l, a homolog of a murine immunoresponsive gene of unknown function.

Conclusions
Based on the differences in mortality rates between experiments and gene expression profiles of individual embryos we conclude that zebrafish embryos cannot be reproducibly infected by exposure to E. tarda in the immersion system. Induction of il1b and mmp9 was consistently observed in embryos that had been systemically infected by intravenous injection, while the early transcriptional induction of cyp1a and irg1l in the immersion system may reflect an epithelial or other tissue response towards cell membrane or other molecules that are shed or released by bacteria. Our microarray expression data provide a useful reference for future analysis of signal transduction pathways underlying the systemic innate immune response versus those underlying responses to external bacteria and secreted virulence factors and toxins.
Co-production of GroELS discriminates between intrinsic and thermally-induced recombinant protein aggregation during substrate quality control
Authors: Platas Gemma , Rodríguez-Carmona Escarlata , García-Fruitós Elena , Cano-Garrido Olivia , Villaverde Antonio 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
The effects and effectiveness of the chaperone pair GroELS on the yield and quality of recombinant polypeptides produced in Escherichia coli are matter of controversy, as the reported activities of this complex are not always consistent and eventually indicate undesired side effects. The divergence in the reported data could be due, at least partially, to different experimental conditions in independent research approaches.

Results
We have then selected two structurally different model proteins (namely GFP and E. coli β-galactosidase) and two derived aggregation-prone fusions to explore, in a systematic way, the eventual effects of GroELS co-production on yield, solubility and conformational quality. Host cells were cultured at two alternative temperatures below the threshold at which thermal stress is expected to be triggered, to minimize the involvement of independent stress factors.

Conclusions
From the analysis of protein yield, solubility and biological activity of the four model proteins produced alone or along the chaperones, we conclude that GroELS impacts on yield and quality of aggregation-prone proteins with intrinsic determinants but not on thermally induced protein aggregation. No effective modifications of protein solubility have been observed, but significant stabilization of small (encapsulable) substrates and moderate chaperone-induced degradation of larger (excluded) polypeptides. These findings indicate that the activities of this chaperone pair in the context of actively producing recombinant bacteria discriminate between intrinsic and thermally-induced protein aggregation, and that the side effects of GroELS overproduction might be determined by substrate size.
Randomized Phase II Study of Dulanermin in Combination With Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Bevacizumab in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Soria Jean-Charles , Márk Zsuzsanna , Zatloukal Petr , Szima Barna , Albert István , Juhász Erzsébet , Pujol Jean-Louis , Kozielski Jerzy , Baker Nigel , Smethurst Dominic , Hei Yong-jiang , Ashkenazi Avi , Stern Howard , Amler Lukas , Pan Yang , Blackhall Fiona 
Published: October 2011

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dulanermin combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin (PC) and bevacizumab (PCB) as first-line treatment for advanced or recurrent non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Patients with squamous NSCLC and/or CNS metastases received PC every 3 weeks alone (arm 1) or with dulanermin 8 mg/kg for 5 days (arm 2). Patients with nonsquamous NSCLC received PCB alone (arm 3) or with dulanermin 8 mg/kg for 5 days (arm 4) or 20 mg/kg for 2 days (arm 5). The primary end point was the objective response rate (ORR). Results Overall, 213 patients were randomly assigned (arm 1, n = 41; arm 2, n = 39; arm 3, n = 42; arm 4, n = 40; arm 5, n = 41). The ORR in arms 1 to 5 was 39% (95% CI, 24% to 56%), 38% (95% CI, 24% to 54%), 50% (95% CI, 35% to 65%), 40% (95% CI, 25% to 56%), and 40% (95% CI, 25% to 56%), respectively. The odds ratio for ORR was 1.04 (P = 1.000) for arm 1 versus arm 2, 1.53 (P = .391) for arm 3 and versus arm 4, and 1.53 (P = .391) for arm 3 versus arm 5. The most common grade ≥ 3 adverse events were neutropenia, asthenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hemoptysis. Of 161 available serum samples, a trend toward increased caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 was observed after dulanermin treatment in cycles 1 and 2. Among 84 patients evaluated for GalNT14 expression, there was a trend toward favorable progression-free survival and overall survival with dulanermin treatment in those with high GalNT14 expression. Conclusion The addition of dulanermin to PC and PCB did not improve outcomes in unselected patients with previously untreated advanced or recurrent NSCLC.
The Effect of Hypoxia and Work Intensity on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mackenzie R. , Elliott B. , Maxwell N. , Brickley G. , Watt P. 
Published: October 2011

Context:Hypoxia and muscle contraction stimulate glucose transport in vitro. We have previously demonstrated that exercise and hypoxia have an additive effect on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetics.Objectives:Our objective was to examine the effects of three different hypoxic/exercise (Hy Ex) trials on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in the 48 h after acute hypoxia in type 2 diabetics.Design, Participants, and Interventions:Eight male type 2 diabetics completed 60 min of hypoxic [mean (sem) O2 = ∼14.7 (0.2)%] exercise at 90% of lactate threshold [Hy Ex60; 49 (1) W]. Patients completed an additional two hypoxic trials of equal work, lasting 40 min [Hy Ex40; 70 (1) W] and 20 min [Hy Ex20; 140 (12) W].Main Outcome Measures:Glucose rate of appearance and rate of disappearance were determined using the one-compartment minimal model. Homeostasis models of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), fasting insulin resistance index and β-cell function (HOMAβ-cell) were calculated at 24 and 48 h after trials.Results:Peak glucose rate of appearance was highest during Hy Ex20 [8.89 (0.56) mg/kg · min, P &lt; 0.05]. HOMAIR and fasting insulin resistance index were improved in the 24 and 48 h after Hy Ex60 and Hy Ex40 (P &lt; 0.05). HOMAIR decreased 24 h after Hy Ex20 (P &lt; 0.05) and returned to baseline values at 48 h.Conclusions:Moderate-intensity exercise in hypoxia (Hy Ex60 and Hy Ex40) stimulates acute- and moderate-term improvements in insulin sensitivity that were less apparent in Hy Ex20. Results suggest that exercise duration and not total work completed has a greater influence on acute and moderate-term glucose control in type 2 diabetics.
SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment
Authors: Moon Rachel Y. ,   Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Published: October 2011

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed October 2020.
Despite a major decrease in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) since the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released its recommendation in 1992 that infants be placed for sleep in a nonprone position, this decline has plateaued in recent years. Concurrently, other causes of sudden unexpected infant death that occur during sleep (sleep-related deaths), including suffocation, asphyxia, and entrapment, and ill-defined or unspecified causes of death have increased in incidence, particularly since the AAP published its last statement on SIDS in 2005. It has become increasingly important to address these other causes of sleep-related infant death. Many of the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for SIDS and suffocation are strikingly similar. The AAP, therefore, is expanding its recommendations from focusing only on SIDS to focusing on a safe sleep environment that can reduce the risk of all sleep-related infant deaths, including SIDS. The recommendations described in this policy statement include supine positioning, use of a firm sleep surface, breastfeeding, room-sharing without bed-sharing, routine immunizations, consideration of using a pacifier, and avoidance of soft bedding, overheating, and exposure to tobacco smoke, alcohol, and illicit drugs. The rationale for these recommendations is discussed in detail in the accompanying “Technical Report—SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment,” which is included in this issue of Pediatrics (www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/128/5/e1341).
High-strength flowable mortar reinforced by steel fiber
Authors: Ramli M. , Dawood E. 
Published: October 2011

High-strength flowable mortar reinforced by steel fiberAn experimental study was conducted on High-Strength Flowable Mortar (HSFM) reinforced at different percentages of steel fiber (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75 and 2.0% as volumetric fractions) to determine the density, compressive strength, static modulus of elasticity and flexural strength. The load-deflection curves under a static flexural load were established, and the flexural toughness indices were obtained in accordance with ASTM C1018. The results indicate that by increasing the fiber content up to 1.75%, the flexural strength and toughness indices are increased. The density, compressive strength and static modulus of elasticity also increased using steel fiber.
Stone Columns - Determination of the soil improvement factor
Authors: Pivarč J. 
Published: October 2011

Stone Columns - Determination of the soil improvement factorA stone column is one of the soil stabilizing methods that is used to increase strength, decrease the compressibility of soft and loose fine graded soils, accelerate a consolidation effect and reduce the liquefaction potential of soils. The columns consist of compacted gravel or crushed stone arranged by a vibrator. This paper deals with Priebe's theory (1976) on the design of an improvement factor, which belongs among the most used analytical methods and also describes the numerical and laboratory models of stone columns. The improvement factors calculated from numerical and laboratory models are compared with the improvement factors resulting from Priebe's theory.
Desorption and use of saturated lightweight aggregate in internal curing
Authors: Briatka P. , Makýš P. 
Published: October 2011

Desorption and use of saturated lightweight aggregate in internal curingRoughly 20 years ago there was a brand new concrete-curing concept presented in the U.S. based on providing "extra curing" water from inside the concrete. The extra water shoul be added to concrete during mixing, but is bound to some kind of carrier, so it does not alter the water-cement ratio. This technique, known as Internal Curing (IC) keeps the cement paste moist from the first moment when it normally would start to desiccate and is not mature enough to apply conventional means of curing. The durability and effectiveness of IC depend on the boundary conditions at the site as well as the properties of the carrier - in this case, Lightweight Aggregate (LWA), which, after the water soaking, replaces some part of the Normalweight Aggregate (NWA). This work deals with LWA (available on the European market) in the context of its properties affecting the efficiency of IC.
Development of Coordination Motor Abilities (CMA) in the System of Long-Term Preparation of Athletes
Authors: Lyakh Vladimir , Sadowski Jerzy , Witkowski Zbigniew 
Published: October 2011

Development of Coordination Motor Abilities (CMA) in the System of Long-Term Preparation of Athletes
The article attempts to summarize the current knowledge on the preparation of coordination in combat sports and team games. It has been discussed: the basic principles of CMA training, complexity of coordination exercises, the duration of load and rest breaks, the systematic use of special exercises creating the most important CMA and factor of sensitivity and lateralisation in the development of CMA. The directions for further researches have been marked out.
A New Clinical Protocol for the Pharmacological Management of Acute Behavioural Disturbance
Authors: Emmerson Brett , Moudgil Vikas , Woodbridge Alison , Burrows Diane , Kingswell Bill , Kubler Paul , McMahon Kirsten 
Published: October 2011

Objective: Psychiatry is awash with pharmacological acute behavioural disturbance protocols which list oral or intramuscular benzodiazepines and antipsychotics with numerous options. This results in frequent over-sedation and occasional profound sedation and death. This paper describes the development of a simplified sedation protocol for the pharmacological management of acute behavioural disturbance. Method: Following the wider availability of intramuscular lorazepam in 2008, Metro North Mental Health developed a protocol utilizing only two products – oral or intramuscular lorazepam or olanzapine – which was subsequently developed into a statewide protocol. Results: The advantage of utilizing only two sedating medications is that it greatly reduces the risk of profound sedation and theoretically reduces the risk of other complications including deaths. Clinical staff who have utilized the protocol report a reduction in over-sedation of inpatients. Conclusion: A simplified protocol makes the pharmacological management of acute behaviour disturbance safer for both patients and staff.
Pseudodementia, a Term for its Time: The Impact of Leslie Kiloh's 1961 Paper
Authors: Snowdon John 
Published: October 2011

Objective: It is 50 years since Leslie Kiloh's paper titled “Pseudo-dementia” was published. The present article aims not only to honour the work and achievements of Professor Kiloh, but also to consider the impact and importance of that 1961 paper. Conclusions: Kiloh presented vignettes concerning 10 patients, most of whom presented with depressive features. The term “pseudodementia” had been used previously. However, Kiloh's paper gave impetus to psychiatrists to focus on the potential reversibility of cognitive impairments that might be attributable to psychiatric disorders (depression, schizophrenia and conversion disorder among them). The historical context of the paper needs to be highlighted; it was written at a time when dementia was defined as being irreversible. Outcome studies and ongoing research have shown that cognitive deficits in cases of depression commonly cannot be fully reversed, and commonly herald emergence of an underlying progressive dementing disorder. Nevertheless, it is argued that the term has remained useful in fostering discussion of potentially treatable psychiatric symptoms, even in cases of progressive dementia.
Surdité, normes et vie : un rapport indissociable
Authors: Benvenuto Andrea 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Depuis le xix e siècle, la surdité fonctionne comme analyseur anthropologique définissant les contours de l’humain en termes de normal et de pathologique. Toute une anthropologie de la différence centrée sur le couple surdité biologique-culture structure les deux grands discours sur les sourds, le discours médical réparateur et le discours socio-anthropologique. C’est dans un rapport à un milieu de vie (Canguilhem) que la surdité se construit comme handicap et comme différence culturelle et linguistique. Avec le sociologue Bernard Mottez, le concept de rapport devient central : la surdité est une expérience partagée. Sur le plan philosophique, ce concept dénoue les liens de causalité entre surdité et ordre social, et crée une indétermination d’où émerge le sujet sourd.
Interdépendances marchandes et solidarité par la monnaie dans le trueque argentin
Authors: Saiag Hadrien 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Ainsi, les expériences de trueque à l’œuvre dans deux localités voisines, Rosario et Capitán Bermúdez (Poriajhú) sont fort contrastées. L’étude des modalités d’accès aux moyens de paiement (libellés en crédito) est au cœur de notre argumentation : nous proposons d’en déduire la forme que prennent les interdépendances et la relation au groupe. Or, elles diffèrent grandement entre Rosario et Poriajhú : dans les premiers, certains groupes sociaux se trouvent dans une situation dominatrice, car ils sont à même de passer fréquemment d’un système de compte à l’autre (crédito/peso). Au contraire, le maintien d’une parité entre le compte en peso et en crédito au sein de Poriajhú ne permet pas ce passage : l’accès aux moyens de paiement met ses participants sur un pied d’égalité. Une question majeure reste cependant en suspend : comment penser un régime de monnayage à même de soutenir l’activité économique tout en mettant ses utilisateurs sur un pied d’égalité ?
L'instabilité de la liberté comme non-interférence : le cas d'Isaiah Berlin
Authors: Pettit Philip 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Chez Hobbes, la liberté de choix exige la non-frustration : l'option que vous préférez doit être accessible. Chez Berlin, elle exige la non-interférence : toute option, préférée ou non, doit être accessible ­ toutes les portes doivent être ouvertes. Mais l'argument de Berlin à l'encontre de Hobbes suggère l'argument parallèle selon lequel la liberté exige quelque chose d'encore plus robuste : à savoir, que chaque option soit accessible et que personne n'ait le pouvoir d'en bloquer l'accès ; les portes doivent être ouvertes, et il ne doit y avoir aucun portier puissant. C'est la liberté comme non-domination. La thèse de cet article est que la liberté comme non-interférence est une option instable entre la liberté comme non-frustration et la liberté comme non-domination.