bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
They “Miss More Than Anything Their Normal Life Back Home”: Masculinity and Extramarital Sex Among Mexican Migrants in Atlanta
Authors: Hirsch Jennifer S. , Muñoz‐Laboy Miguel , Nyhus Christina M. , Yount Kathryn M. , Bauermeister José A. 
Published: October 2009

CONTEXT:Gender has been recognized as a significant influence on sexual health behaviors. Labor migration presents an important context of vulnerability for sexual health. To understand how the context of migration affects risk‐related practices, both cultural and social aspects of gender need to be explored.METHODS:In the quantitative part of a mixed‐methods study conducted in 1999 in Atlanta, 187 Mexican migrant men were asked about their demographic characteristics; sexual history; migration motivations; substance use; social support; leisure‐time activities; and ideas about masculinity, sexuality and marriage. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the association between these domains and men's number of partners since their arrival in Atlanta.RESULTS:Number of partners was positively associated with owning a home in Mexico; number of trips back to Mexico; social network size; having had a sex worker as a partner; and going out dancing and to strip clubs on weekends (coefficients, 0.3–4.1). It was negatively associated with age, education, contact with social network members and feeling that sex is tied to emotional intimacy (–0.4 to –1.0).CONCLUSIONS:Programs must acknowledge and target migrant men's social networks and the spaces in which they may encounter risky sexual situations. Multilevel strategies, such as the development of more health‐enhancing community spaces and the promotion of safer sexual practices should form part of comprehensive efforts to reduce sexual risk among migrant men.
Trends in Family Planning in Russia, 1994–2003
Authors: Perlman Francesca , McKee Martin 
Published: October 2009

CONTEXT:Although Russian women have adequate knowledge of modern contraceptives, their level of use of these methods has been low, and abortion rates remain relatively high.METHODS:In 1994–2003, sexually active women aged 18–49 were interviewed about their contraceptive use as part of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. Trends in contraceptive use were examined. Multivariate analyses were conducted to identify characteristics associated with reliable contraceptive use (IUD use or consistent oral contraceptive use) in 1994 and 2003.RESULTS:In each year, about 25% of sexually active women had used no contraceptive method in the past month, and 20% had used traditional methods. Prevalence of barrier method use increased from 9% to 21% between 1994 and 2003, while that of IUD use declined from 34% to 21%. These changes were especially pronounced in Moscow and St. Petersburg, and among younger women. Common reasons for nonuse were irregular sexual relations (cited by 29% of nonusers in 2003), desire for pregnancy (22%), perceived inability to get pregnant (15%), feeling that contraceptives are uncomfortable or unpleasant (15%), health problems (11%) and the availability of abortion (6%). In 1994 and 2003, the odds of reliable contraceptive use were elevated among women with at least a secondary education (odds ratios, 1.5–1.7), and were reduced among smokers (0.6–0.7).CONCLUSIONS:Modern, effective contraceptive use has not increased among sexually active Russian women. Growing use of barrier contraceptives may reflect HIV awareness. Obstacles to effective contraceptive use, such as attitudes and health service factors, need further clarification.
Contraceptive Use and Abortion Among Women Of Reproductive Age in St. Petersburg, Russia
Authors: Regushevskaya Elena , Dubikaytis Tatiana , Nikula Minna , Kuznetsova Olga , Hemminki Elina 
Published: October 2009

CONTEXT: Although the characteristics associated with contraceptive use among Russian women have been studied, no large‐scale research has been conducted on women's use of different contraceptive methods and abortion.
METHODS: A random sample of 1,147 women aged 18–44 completed questionnaires at local women's clinics in St. Petersburg in 2003–2004. Chi‐square tests were used to examine differences in selected characteristics among age‐groups, and logistic regression was used to assess associations between these characteristics and the use of contraceptive methods at last intercourse and abortion history.
RESULTS: Among women at risk of unintended pregnancy, six in 10 had used reliable contraceptives (the pill, the IUD or condoms) at last intercourse; 42% had used condoms. Women in the middle income level were more likely than women with lower income to have used the pill (odds ratio, 2.1); cohabiting women and those who had had children had lowered odds of using condoms (0.6 and 0.3–0.5, respectively). More than half of those surveyed reported having had an abortion. Characteristics associated with increased odds of having had an abortion included being 25 or older (2.2–3.5), cohabiting (2.9), having high income (1.7), having experienced first intercourse before turning 18 (2.2) and having used no contraceptive method at first sex (1.5). The factor that was most strongly associated with abortion was a woman's number of births (4.9–5.7).
CONCLUSIONS: Educational programs that promote the consistent use of condoms, especially among young women, and family planning programs that reduce financial barriers to contraceptive use, are critically needed in Russia.
Integrity Assessment of Water Hydraulic Component by Experimental Method
Authors: Chen H. X. , Chua Patrick S. K. , Lim G. H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Water hydraulic systems have been around for a long time and captured the imagination of engineers some 2,500 years ago. Recently it has revived to become a powerful alternative of oil hydraulic system in areas where the environment and health are of great concern. The turning point came in early 90s when, with the advances in material and design, using tap water as hydraulic fluid was made possible. The axial piston motor is commonly applied to provide high torque and performance for the water hydraulic system. This paper focuses on the detection and assessment of the piston quality in the water hydraulic motor working on the principle of tap water hydraulic power systems. The different piston conditions were detected under the different pressures of the water hydraulic system. Possible piston cracks were simulated inside the water hydraulic motor. The water hydraulic motor was operated to capture unique vibration signals identifying faulty states as compared with the healthy state. The different sizes of the piston crack in water hydraulic motor were loaded to get feature values in the vibration signatures. Results show the amplitudes of the dominant frequency peaks in the spectrum of the vibration signal are effective to detect the different piston crack conditions under the different pressures of the water hydraulic system.
Comparative Study of Road Profilers’ Accuracy and Precision
Authors: Wang Hao , Flintsch Gerardo W. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
There is an urgent need for accurate measurement of pavement surface profile and smoothness index. This investigation compared the precision (repeatability) of the measured international roughness index (IRI) at the Virginia Smart Road for 19 profilers and their accuracy (bias) with respect to the rod-and-level reference measurement. Two existing accuracy criteria (ASTM Standard E950 and cross correlation) were compared for evaluating the relationship between the accuracy of profile elevation and IRI bias. It was found that there were profilers available that could produce the level of IRI accuracy and precision required for construction quality control and assurance. However, the accuracy and precision degraded when measuring hot-mix asphalt pavements with coarse texture and using the rod-and-level measurement as the reference. The cross-correlation method appeared to have some advantages with respect to the conventional elevation tolerance method for providing better consistency between profile accuracy and IRI bias. On the sites investigated, good cross correlation among the measured and reference profiles assured acceptable IRI accuracy.
A Testing and Evaluation Model for the Electrocardiogram Variation Application
Authors: Chao Wen-Hung , Chang Che-Wei , Yang Yung-Tsung 
Published: October 2009

AbstractElectrocardiogram (ECG) signal profoundly impacts the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. In modern societies, understanding the adverse impact of cardiovascular disease is of high priority to improve public health. This study proposes applying grey relation analysis to evaluate the relation ECG variety of rest, game playing, and Internet access. Finally, the proposed testing and evaluation model and results can provide various ECG information.
Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Chemical Flooding Without the Need for Soft Water
Authors: Flaaten Adam K. , Nguyen Quoc P , Zhang Jieyuan , Mohammadi Hourshad , Pope Gary A. 
Published: October 2009

Summary
Alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding using conventional alkali requires soft water. However, soft water is not always available, and softening hard brines may be very costly or infeasible in many cases depending on the location, the brine composition, and other factors. For instance, conventional ASP uses sodium carbonate to reduce the adsorption of the surfactant and generate soap in-situ by reacting with acidic crude oils; however, calcium carbonate precipitates unless the brine is soft. A form of borax known as metaborate has been found to sequester divalent cations such as Ca++ and prevent precipitation. This approach has been combined with the screening and selection of surfactant formulations that will perform well with brines having high salinity and hardness. We demonstrate this approach by combining high-performance, low-cost surfactants with cosurfactants that tolerate high salinity and hardness and with metaborate that can tolerate hardness as well. Chemical formulations containing surfactants and alkali in hard brine were screened for performance and tolerance using microemulsion phase-behavior experiments and crude at reservoir temperature. A formulation was found that, with an optimum salinity of 120,000 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS), 6,600 ppm divalent cations, performed well in corefloods with high oil recovery and almost zero final chemical flood residual oil saturation. Additionally, chemical formulations containing sodium metaborate and hard brine gave nearly 100% oil recovery with no indication of precipitate formation. Metaborate chemistry was incorporated into a mechanistic, compositional chemical flooding simulator, and the simulator was then used to model the corefloods. Overall, novel ASP with metaborate performed comparably to conventional ASP using sodium carbonate in soft water, demonstrating advancements in ASP adaptation to hard, saline reservoirs without the need for soft brine, which increases the number of oil reservoirs that are candidates for enhanced oil recovery using ASP flooding.
Treatment Outcome in Psychiatric Inpatients: The Discriminative Value of Self-Esteem
Authors: Talbot France , Harris Gregory E. , French Douglas J. 
Published: October 2009

Self-esteem has been identified as an important clinical variable within various psychological and psychiatric conditions. Surprisingly, its prognostic and discriminative value in predicting treatment outcome has been understudied. Objective: The current study aims to assess, in an acute psychiatric setting, the comparative role of self-esteem in predicting treatment outcome in depression, anxiety, and global symptom severity, while controlling for socio-demographic variables, pre-treatment symptom severity, and personality pathology. Design: Treatment outcome was assessed with pre- and post-treatment measures. Method: A heterogeneous convenience sample of 63 psychiatric inpatients completed upon admission and discharge self-report measures of depression, anxiety, global symptom severity, and self-esteem. Results: A significant one-way repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed up by analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed significant reductions in depression (η2 = .72), anxiety (η2 = .55), and overall psychological distress (η2 = .60). Multiple regression analyses suggested that self-esteem was a significant predictor of short-term outcome in depression but not for anxiety or overall severity of psychiatric symptoms. The regression model predicting depression outcome explained 32% of the variance with only pre-treatment self-esteem contributing significantly to the prediction. Conclusions: The current study lends support to the importance of self-esteem as a pre-treatment patient variable predictive of psychiatric inpatient treatment outcome in relation with depressive symptomatology. Generalization to patient groups with specific diagnoses is limited due to the heterogeneous nature of the population sampled and the treatments provided. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
The Effects of Female Reproductive Hormones in Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Van Veen J. Frederieke , Jonker Barbara W. , Van Vliet Irene M. , Zitman Frans G. 
Published: October 2009

Objective: Although generalized social anxiety disorder (gSAD) is more prevalent in women, the role of female reproductive hormones in gSAD has never been investigated. Therefore, our aim was to make a first inventory of the influence of female reproductive hormones on gSAD symptoms. Method: Female patients with gSAD who had previously participated in our research projects in the University Medical Center Utrecht and the Leiden University Medical Center were recruited. A self-report survey with questions on the influence of menarche, the periods of the menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, lactation, postpartum period, and menopause on gSAD symptoms was returned by 46% of 140 women suffering form gSAD. Non-parametric statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Results: A subgroup of patients reported an influence of female hormonal cycle on gSAD symptoms. In this subgroup, statistical differences were found for the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. In the premenstrual period, patients reported more severe gSAD symptoms. During pregnancy symptoms decreased, but postpartum symptom severity returned to the same levels as before pregnancy. Conclusions: A subgroup of women with gSAD seemed vulnerable for the influences of gonadal hormones. Prospective research in women with gSAD, in which the gonadal hormones are assessed, is warranted.
Evaluation of General Psychopathology, Subjective Sleep Quality, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Obesity
Authors: Algul Ayhan , Ates M. Alpay , Semiz Umit Basar , Basoglu Cengiz , Ebrinc Servet , Gecici Omer , Gülsün Murat , Kardesoglu Ejder , Cetin Mesut 
Published: October 2009

Objective: Recently, the increasing rate of obesity has been elucidated as a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to examine the psychological distress, subjective sleep quality, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a group of patients diagnosed with obesity. Methods: A total of 124 obese patients (32 of them Class I obesity (BMI: 30–34.9 kg/m2), 92 Class II obesity (BMI: ≥ 35kg/m2)) and 106 healthy control subjects were involved in the study. Subjects were evaluated with self-administered questionnaires including the Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Short Form 36 (SF-36). Several clinical and socio-demographic data were also recorded. Results: Class II obesity group had a significantly worse psychological status, quality of life, and sleep quality than control group. Although Class I obesity group did not differ from Class II and control groups according to sleep quality and psychological status, they had worse HRQOL than the control group. BMI scores positively correlated with the majority of subscales of psychological distress (SCL-90-R) and sleep quality (PSQI, ESS) and negatively correlated with all dimensions of HRQOL (SF-36). Conclusions: Obesity is associated with psychological distress, poor sleep quality, and reduced quality of life. Thus, obesity should be evaluated in a biopsychosocial manner, including management of patients' psychopathology.
Borderline Personality among Outpatients Seen by a Pain Management Specialist
Authors: Sansone Randy A. , Sinclair J. David , Wiederman Michael W. 
Published: October 2009

Objective: We examined the prevalence of borderline personality disorder among a sample of outpatients who were being initially evaluated by a pain management specialist. Method: Using two self-report measures for borderline personality disorder, the borderline personality scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) and the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), we explored prevalence rates of this Axis II disorder in a sample of 117 participants. Results: According to the PDQ-4 and the SHI, 9.4% and 14.5% of participants, respectively, met the criteria for borderline personality, with 6.8% meeting criteria on both measures. Conclusions: In this insured population of pain patients, rates of borderline personality, as determined by both measures, were comparable to rates of borderline personality in the general population.
Facial Profile Shape, Malocclusion and Palatal Morphology in Malay Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: Banabilh S. M. , Samsudin A. R. , Suzina A. H. , Dinsuhaimi Sidek 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in facial profile shape, malocclusion class, or palatal morphology in Malay adults with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Materials and Methods: Subjects were 120 adult Malays aged 18 to 65 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 33.2 ± 13.31) divided into two groups of 60. Both groups underwent clinical examination and limited channel polysomnography (PSG). The mean OSA and control values were subjected to t-test and the chi square test.Results: Physical examination showed that 61.7% of the OSA patients were obese, and 41.7% of those obese patients had severe OSA. The mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly greater for the OSA group (33.2 kg/m2 ± 6.5) than for the control group (22.7 kg/m2 ± 3.5; P &lt; .001). The mean neck size and systolic blood pressure were greater for the OSA group (43.6 cm ± 6.02; 129.1 mm Hg ± 17.55) than for the control group (35.6 cm ± 3.52; 114.1 mm Hg ± 13.67; P &lt; .001). Clinical examination showed that the most frequent findings among OSA groups when compared with the control group were convex profiles (71.7%), Class II malocclusion (51.7%), and V palatal shape (53.3%), respectively; the chi square test revealed a significant difference in terms of facial profile and malocclusion class (P &lt; .05), but no significant difference in palatal shape was found.Conclusion: The null hypothesis is rejected. A convex facial profile and Class II malocclusion were significantly more common in the OSA group. The V palatal shape was a frequent finding in the OSA group.
Tooth Movement Activates the Central Amygdala and the Lateral Hypothalamus by the Magnitude of the Force Applied
Authors: Novaes Ana Paula Ribeiro , Alves da Rocha Maria José , Leite-Panissi Christie Ramos Andrade 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective: To determine if the magnitude of the force used to induce incisor tooth movement promotes distinct activation in cells in the central amygdala (CEA) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) of rats. Also, the effect of morphine on Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) was investigated in these nuclei.
Materials and Methods: Adult male rats were anesthetized and divided into six groups: only anesthetized (control), without orthodontic appliance (OA), OA but without force, OA activated with 30g or 70g, OA with 70g in animals pretreated with morphine (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Three hours after the onset of the experiment the rats were reanesthetized and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. The brains were removed and fixed, and sections containing CEA and LH were processed for Fos protein immunohistochemistry.
Results: The results show that in the control group, the intramuscular injection of a ketamine/ xylazine mixture did not induce Fos-IR cells in the CEA or in the LH. Again, the without force group showed a little Fos-IR. However, in the 70g group the Fos-IR was the biggest observed (P &lt; .05, Tukey) in the CEA and LH compared with the other groups. In the 30g group, the Fos-IR did not differ from the control group, the without OA group, and the without force group. Furthermore, pretreatment with morphine in the 70g group reduced Fos-IR in these regions.
Conclusions: Tooth movement promotes Fos-IR in the CEA and LH according to the magnitude of the force applied.
Cephalometric Characteristics of Korean Children with Class III Malocclusion in the Deciduous Dentition
Authors: Choi Hyung-Jun , Kim Ji-Yeon , Yoo Seung Eun , Kwon Jang-Hyuk , Park Kitae 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective: To compare the cephalometric characteristics of children with Class III malocclusion to those of children with normal occlusion during the deciduous dentition phase.
Materials and Methods: Cephalometric measurements of 27 children (mean age: 5.03 years) diagnosed with Class III malocclusion were compared with 32 children (mean age: 4.85 years) diagnosed with normal occlusion in the following four categories: sagittal skeletal analysis, vertical skeletal analysis, dentoalveolar analysis, and soft tissue analysis.
Results: Significant differences were seen in all categories except vertical skeletal analysis. Sagittal skeletal measurements included ANB (Class III group: −0.91 ± 1.60; normal group: 5.28 ± 1.29), facial convexity (Class III group: 0.47 ± 4.32; normal group: 13.65 ± 3.44), Wits appraisal (Class III group: −5.54 ± 2.36; normal group: −0.84 ± 1.91), and A to N-perpendicular (Class III group: −2.94 ± 3.05; normal group: 0.78 ± 2.53). Dentoalveolar measurements included U1 to NA (Class III group: 11.98 ± 5.25; normal group: 8.12 ± 5.43), IMPA (Class III group: 81.34 ± 7.40; normal group: 86.57 ± 5.67), and interincisal angle (Class III group: 152.65 ± 8.82; normal group: 145.03 ± 7.34). Soft tissue measurements included soft tissue convexity (Class III group: 2.47 ± 4.20; normal group: 12.71 ± 3.95), nasofacial angle (Class III group: 22.68 ± 4.22; normal group: 26.24 ± 3.84), and upper lip to esthetic plane (Class III group: −0.65 ± 2.74; normal group: 3.07 ± 1.90).
Conclusions: There are significant differences between the craniofacial patterns of normal children and those of children with Class III malocclusion that can be identified with cephalometric analysis as early as the deciduous dentition phase.
Tests for Screening and Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cox Mary E. , Edelman David 
Published: October 2009

IN BRIEF
This article offers a discussion of available tests used to screen for and diagnose type 2 diabetes. It reviews the evidence supporting different screening strategies and describes the test characteristics of different diagnostic approaches, with particular reference to the American Diabetes Association's 1997 guidelines for diagnosis and 2009 standards of medical care for diabetes. The recent International Expert Committee report on the role of A1C in diagnosis is also discussed.