bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF ERYTHROPHAGOCYTOSIS IN THE RAT BONE MARROW I. RED CELL ENGULF. MENT BY RETICULUM CELLS
Authors: MARTON PER F. 
Published: August 2010

Previous light microscopic studies have revealed the erythroclastic potential of the rat bone marrow reticulum cells, and call for ultrastructural study of the finer details of this process. Electron microscopy of rat bone marrow which had been stimulated to increase its erythrophagic activity, either by splenectomy or by transfusion of heat‐denatured erythrocytes, confirmed the central reticulum cell of erythroblastic islands as the main phagocytic cell in bone marrow erythroclasia. The early digestive vacuoles, which are formed by the fusion of erythrophagic vacuoles with lysosomes, correspond to the acidophilic, globular structures which characterize erythrophagocytosis as observed by light microscopy. By forming intrasinusoidal protrusions, the bone marrow reticulum cells engulf circulating effete red cells. The engulfed red cells are then transported intracellularly across the sinusoidal wall for final disintegration in the intraparenchymal part of the reticulum cell. This transmural mode of erythrophagocytosis by reticulum cells most probably demonstrates the fundamental phagocytic mechanism of the bone marrow part of the reticulo‐endothelial system.Transmural transport of reticulocytes adherent to reticulum cells during the formation of protrusions illustrates a possible mechanism for liberation of red cells from the bone marrow.
Integrity of the Iron Transport Process in Mice with X‐Linked Anaemia
Authors: Thomson A. B. R. , Valberg L. S. 
Published: August 2010

The defect in iron (Fe) absorption in X‐linked anaemia (sla) remains an enigma; absorption of a tracer dose of Fe is impaired in mice raised on an iron‐containing cube diet but not in those raised on an iron‐deficient diet. Because cobalt (Co) shares a similar intestinal transport pathway with Fe, a study was made of the effect of iron deficient diet on Co absorption. The duodenum of sla and genetically normal mice was perfused for 30 min with labelled solutions containing Co or Fe. Co uptake and transfer were similar in sla and normals fed cubes whereas Fe uptake and transfer were less in sla than in normals. The iron deficient diet caused an increase in the uptake and transfer of Co and Fe in sla and normals. When Co and Fe were perfused together in sla fed deficient diet, the uptake and transfer of each metal was less than when perfused alone. The distribution of Fe and Co in subcellular mucosal fractions was determined by a differential centrifugation technique. Deficient diet resulted in a directionally similar change in the subcellular dstribution of Co and Fe in sla and normals.The increase in Co as well as Fe absorption in the sla on an iron deficient diet to the same high level found in genetically normal animals, and the inhibitory effect of each metal on the absorption of the other suggests that the absorption defect in sla is unlikely to be due to a primary defect in the function of the transport carrier.
ABSORPTION OF IRON FROM SLOW‐RELEASE AND RAPIDLY‐DISINTEGRATING TABLETS ‐ A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN NORMAL SUBJECTS, BLOOD DONORS AND SUBJECTS WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA
Authors: Nielsen Jørgen Boye , Ikkala Eero , Sölvell Lennart , Björn‐Rasmussen Erik , Ekenved Gunnar 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe absorption of iron from slow‐release and rapidly‐disintegrating ferrous sulphate tablets has been compared using a double radioiron isotope technique. The studies were performed in 15 normal subjects, 20 blood donors and 10 patients with iron deficiency anaemia. The preparations containing 100 mg of ferrous iron were given twice daily on alternate days for 10 days. The absorption differed significantly between the three groups of subjects, being highest in the anaemic patients and lowest in the normal subjects. In all groups, significantly more iron was absorbed from the slow‐release tablets compared to the rapidly‐disintegrating tablets. The mean absorption ratios were 1.3 in both normal subjects and blood donors. In patients with iron deficiency anaemia the ratio was 1.4.
Human Granulocytopoietic Colonies in Diffusion Chambers in Mice: Growth of Colonies and the Effect of Host Irradiation
Authors: Jacobsen Niels , Fauerholdt Lis 
Published: August 2010

Normal human non‐separated bone marrow cells were cultured in fibrin clots in diffusion chambers implanted intraperitoneally in mice, and harvested at different intervals by a previously described chamber centrifugation technique. This method demonstrates the presence of cell aggregates in the diffusion chambers. When the chambers are implanted in irradiated mice (450 R) and retransplantated into newly irradiated mice every seventh day, a continous increase in number of cells per granulocytopoietic aggregate is observed from day 8 to day 21. This is compatible with the view that the aggregates are colonies. The term ‘colony forming unit diffusion chamber’ (CFUD) is suggested to denote the ancestor(s) of the colonies. However, formal proof that one colony is derived from one cell is lacking.Preirradiation of mice with 450 R significantly increases the number of neutrophilic granulocytopoietic colonies at day 14, provided the chambers are retransplantated to newly irradiated mice at day 7, indicating that the neutrophilic colony forming unit or its progeny is involved as at least one of the targets of the stimulating effect of host irradiation. In contrast, no effect of host irradiation on the numbem of eosinophilic colonies was observed.Aggregates of megakaryocytic cells were present during the entire culture period.
Fibrin/Fibrinogen Degradation Products (FDP) in Urine and Serum after Prolonged Heavy Exercise
Authors: ARNESEN H. , ÅKESSON I. , STRöMME S. B. , REFSUM H. E. 
Published: August 2010

The presence of FDP in the urine, known to be a sensitive indicator of various kidney disorders, was studied in 14 well‐trained men participating in a 70‐km cross‐country ski race.None of the urine samples contained FDP on the day before the race. Immediately after the race, 4 samples contained FDP. High molecular weight FDP were found in 2 of them, whereas 2 others contained low molecular weight products only. 2 days after the race, 1 of these subjects still had FDP in the urine. In addition, 2 newly FDP positives were observed.Serum FDP were slightly elevated in 2 subjects before the race, and in another subject immediately after the race.The presence of urinary FDP did not correlate either with urinary albumin or uromucoid, or with serum FDP. A drop in plasma fibrinogen immediately after the race was noted in all subjects.It is suggested that the present observations may reflect a transient hyperproteolysis (coagulation and fibrinolysis) in the glomerular circulation, including fibrin formation and dissolution, associated with a transient damage of glomerular capillaries.
Response of Uraemic Bone Marrow Cells to Erythropoietin In Vitro
Authors: Urabe Akio , Chiba Shyozo , Kosaka Kinori , Takaku Fumimaro 
Published: August 2010

In vitro culture technique of bone marrow cells has been applied to study the cause of anaemia in uraemic patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Incorporation of 59Fe into haem in bone marrow cells of the patients in the presence of erythropoietin, as well as the inhibitory effect of their plasma on the response of normal bone marrow cells to erythropoietin, was examined.Increase in haem synthesis rate by erythropoietin in the bone marrow cells of uraemic patients (n 14; 7.9 ± 1.4) was not significantly different from that in normal bone marrow cells (n 9; 5.9 ± 1.4, p > 0.05), thus indicating the presence of erythroid precursor cells with normal responsiveness to erythropoietin in uraemic patients.On the basis of these results, the humoral inhibitory factor appears to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of renal anaemia, in addition to the low level of circulating erythropoietin.All the plasma from uraemic patients inhibited, in dose‐dependent way, the response of normal bone marrow cells to erythropoietin. Levels of erythropoietin in the plasma samples of uraemic patients were much lower than those of the patients with iron deficiency anaemia with comparable Hb concentrations.
Deaths from Severe Megaloblastic Anaemia in Hospitalised Patients
Authors: Lawson D. H. , Parker J. L. W. 
Published: August 2010

In a series of 128 consecutive patients dying from severe megaloblastic anaemia, over half the deaths occurred within one week of hospitalisation and one third were sudden and unexpected. Congestive cardiac failure was extremely common in these patients and was often associated with pleural effusions. Just over half the patients were examined at autopsy and of these 42% had pleural effusions and 15% had pericardial effusions. The cause of the latter is unclear as is their clinical significance, nevertheless this condition has not previously been reported in the megaloblastic anaemias and may well play a part in the fatal outcome in such patients.Blood transfusion was administered to over half the patients, usually in the form of whole blood. It is recommended that transfusions be used sparingly, and consist of cells or preferably exchange transfusion, the latter being of particular value in the elderly or in those with pre‐existing cardiac failure.
Neutrophil Defect in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Karle Hans , Hansen Niels Ebbe , Plesner Torben 
Published: August 2010

Intracellular lysozyme concentration was measured in neutrophilic granulocytes from 25 patients with multiple myeloma. At diagnosis intraneutrophil lysozyme activity was significantly reduced (mean reduction 50%). During clinical remission after 1–4 months of intensive chemotherapy values were normalized. In 18 cases studied at various stages of the disease from 6 to 70 months after diagnosis there was a significant negative correlation between the duration of the disease and neutrophil lysozyme concentration. The decrease in neutrophil lysozyme concentration was significantly correlated to clinical disease activity and the percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates, whereas there was no correlation between the concentration of M‐protein in serum and the neutrophil lysozyme concentration. Plasma lysozyme concentration was normal.In contrast, neutrophil lysozyme concentration was normal in 18 patients with stage III‐IV malignant lymphoma. Plasma lysozyme in this group was significantly higher than normal.The difference in neutrophil lysozyme patterns between multiple myeloma and malignant lymphoma supports the hypothesis that the defect in neutrophil maturation seen in malignant blood disorders is directly related to the infiltration of the bone marrow by pathologic cells.
The Relationship between Normotest and Thrombotest in Patients on Oral Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Refsum N. , Arnesen H. , Gilhuus‐Moe C. C. , Godal H. C. 
Published: August 2010

Normotest (sample volume: 25 μl) and Thrombotest were performed in parallel on 150 consecutive capillary blood samples from patients on long term oral anticoagulant therapy.The ratio of Normotest to Thrombotest decreased from 2.50 at a Thrombotest level of 5‐5.5 % to 1.95 at a Thrombotest level of 13‐13.5 %, indicating that the effects of PIVKA were more pronounced at lower levels of coagulation activity. The influence of varying sensitivity of the thromboplastin reagents to PIVKA is discussed.The therapeutic range of Thrombotest (5–10 %) corresponded to a Normotest level of 12–20 %.
Leukaemia‐Associated Antigen (LAA) in Proliferative Blood Disorders
Authors: Stavem Per , Berg Kåre , Noer Grethe 
Published: August 2010

Serum leukaemia associated antigen (LAA) was found in 41–75% of patients with acute leukaemia or chronic myelogenous leukaemia, but in only 12% of persons suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. LAA was present in detectable amounts in 1% of healthy blood donors. Thus LAA is truly leukaemia associated rather than leukaemia specific.Occurrence of LAA in the serum of a leukaemia patient may signal a serious turn of the disease.
The Transcobalamins in Polycythaemia Vera
Authors: Rachmilewitz Bracha , Manny Noga , Rachmilewitz Moshe 
Published: August 2010

The unsaturated B12 binding capacity (UBBC) of the serum and the binding capacity of each of the 3 vitamin B12 binders ‐ the transcobalamins (TC) I, II and III were determined in 21 patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) during the course of the disease and following treatment, using the recently described charged cellulose filter technique.High serum UBBC due to elevated serum TCIII was found in all patients. TCI was moderately elevated in patients who had leucocytosis with a shift to the left. The changes in serum TCIII and UBBC correlated with the activity of the disease. Chemotherapy resulted in a decrease in TCIII and UBBC. The decrease in TCIII and UBBC folowing chemotherapy may be observed before a decrease in the haema‐tocrit and the leucocyte count occurs. Activation of the disease may be assessed by the elevation of TCIII and UBBC. The onset of acute myeloblastic crisis in 1 patient was associated with a decrease in TCIII and TCI levels and a rise in serum TCII. The determination of TCIII and UBBC may be helpful in differentiating true from secondary polycythaemia.
Blood B and T Lymphocytes and In Vitro Cellular Immune Reactivity in Untreated Human Malignant Lymphomas and Other Malignant Tumors
Authors: Heier Hans Erik , Klepp Ragnhjld , Gundersen Stein , Godal Tore , Normann Trine 
Published: August 2010

Peripheral blood lymphocytes and their in vitro reactivity have been recorded prior to treatment in 18 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 11 with lymphosarcoma, 13 with reticulosarcoma, 20 with various solid tumors and 37 normal control persons. The mean total numbers of lymphocytes, those of T lymphocytes, and the mean reactivities to PHA and ConA were reduced in all groups except lymphosarcoma, although with varying degrees of statistical significance. The percentages of T and B lymphocytes appeared to be normal in all groups, but the ranges of values were somewhat greater than among the normal controls. The mean total numbers of B lymphocytes were normal in all patient groups. All reductions seemed to be more pronounced in patients with disseminated than in those with localized disease, but none of these differences was statistically significant. All patient groups appeared to have reduced reactivity in MLC, while the ability to stimulate control lymphocytes was nearly normal.The results fail to indicate any in vitro immunological abberation specific to Hodgkin's disease. It seems that human malignant, neoplastic diseases are associated with a relatively selective reduction of the total numbers and reactivity of blood T lymphocytes. Various explanations of the reactivity impairment are proposed. The pathogenesis of the reduction of the total number of blood T lymphocytes remains obscure.
Serum Thrombopoietic Activity Following Administration of Vinblastine
Authors: Klener P. , Marcibal O. , Donner L. , Kornalík F. 
Published: August 2010

A possible role of humoral factors in the pathogenesis of vinblastine‐induced throm‐bocytosis was examined. The thrombopoietic activity in serum of experimental animals was tested for its ability to stimulate the incorporation of 75‐Se‐selonemethionine into platelets of thrombocythaemic mice.The administration of low doses (0.1‐0.5 mg/kg body wt.) of vinblastine to rabbits caused a significant increase in serum thrombopoietic activity. Higher doses of vinblastine (1–5 mg/kg body wt.) also increased the serum thrombopoietic activity, but this increase was preceded by a transient drop in the platelet count of peripheral blood. This thrombocytopenia could have been a stimulus for an increase in thrombopoietic activity, through a compensatory feedback mechanism.The vinblastine‐induced increase in thrombopoietic activity was abolished by bilateral nephrectomy but not by bilateral ureteral ligation. These data suggest that kidney tissue may be a major source of the serum thrombopoietic factors.
A Radioisotope Dilution Assay for Unlabelled Vitamin B12‐Intrinsic Factor Complex Employing the Binding Intrinsic Factor Antibody: Probable Evidence for Two Types of Binding Antibody
Authors: Jacob Elizabeth , O'Brien H. A. W. , Mollin D. L. 
Published: August 2010

A new radioisotope dilution assay for vitamin B12‐intrinsic factor complex is described. The method is based on the use of the binding type intrinsic factor antibody (the binding reagent), which when combined with the intrinsic factor‐vitamin B12 complex (labelled ligand), is quantitatively adsorbed onto zirconium phosphate gel at pH 6.25. The new assay has been shown to provide a measure of intrinsic factor comparable with other intrinsic factor assays, but it has the important advantage of being able to measure the unlabelled vitamin B12‐intrinsic factor complex (unlabelled ligand), and will, therefore, be valuable in the study of physiological events in the gastrointestinal tract.During the study, it was found that there is some evidence for at least two types of binding intrinsic factor antibody: One which combines preferentially with the intrinsic factor‐vitamin B12 complex and one which combines equally well with this complex or with free intrinsic factor.
Phagocytic Potential of Leukaemic B‐Lymphocytes
Authors: Catovsky D. , Sperandio Paola , O'Brien Maureen , Cherchi Maria , Galton D. A. G. 
Published: August 2010

Phagocytosis of small latex particles was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy in a proportion of cells from B‐lymphoproliferative disorders including chronic lymphocytic, prolymphocytic and hairy cell leukaemia. It was not observed in a case of T‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or in normal lymphocytes. A significant correlation was observed between the binding of latex to the lymphocyte surface and the degree of phagocytosis. It is suggested that the phagocytic activity of leukaemic B‐lymphocytes is mediated through their Fc receptor and that this property may also be present in normal B‐cells.Among mononuclear cells, therefore, phagocytosis can no longer be considered exclusively a property of monocytes.
Inhibition of Myeloid Differentiation by Mature Granulocytes can be Reversed by Humoral Factors
Authors: Løvhaug Dagfinn 
Published: August 2010

Human mature granulocytes added to in vivo diffusion chamber (DC) cultures of murine bone marrow cells (BMC) led to a late reduction of CFU‐C, day 5, and proliferative granulocytes, day 6.Cell free DC fluid harvested on day 4 from chambers with BMC and mature granulocytes slightly reduced granulocyte formation in new DC cultures, but not more than DC fluid from control cultures (BMC). Mice which had carried chambers of either group for 4 d, were not different when used as hosts for new DC cultures. However, they were less able to stimulate cell growth in DC than untreated mice.Transfer of DC to new host mice on day 2 completely reversed the inhibition by mature granulocytes which otherwise could be detected in numbers of CFU‐C on day 5 and proliferative granulocytes on day 7.However, CFU‐S numbers were reduced on day 5 following reimplantation indicating an increased differentiation of CFU‐S. Transfer of DC as late as day 4, rapidly restored the granulocyte numbers in the granulocyte co‐culture group suggesting that also more differentiated granulocytes were stimulated to further growth and differentiation. It is proposed that factors from mature granulocytes reversibly inhibit myeloid differentiation. Differentiation can again be induced by factors which reach the DC shortly after intraperitoneal implantation in a mouse.
Interrelationships between Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Myelomatosis: Cobalamin Coenzyme and Tetrahydrofolic Acid Function
Authors: Hansen Ole Paaske , Drivsholm Aage , Hippe Erik , Quadros Edward , Linnell John C. 
Published: August 2010

Cobalamin and folate metabolism was investigated in 43 patients with myelomatosis, in 8 control subjects of similar age and 22 younger controls.Plasma total cobalamin was lower in myeloma patients than in either of the control groups and methylcobalamin (Me‐Cbl) was disproportionately reduced. Erythrocyte levels of total cobalamin were very similar in patients and elderly controls but were half the levels in younger controls. Erythrocyte levels of Me‐Cbl were slightly higher in patients than in the elderly controls.FIGLU excretion after L‐histidine was elevated in 53 % of the patients but values did not correlate with serum or erythrocyte folate or with plasma total cobalamin. FIGLU excretion decreased after DL‐methionine or Me‐Cbl only in patients whose FIGLU excretion was initially high.The results are discussed in the light of the ‘methylfolate trap hypothesis’ and suggest that some patients with myelomatosis have insufficient activity of methionine synthetase to meet the additional metabolic demand for one carbon compounds.
Abnormal Platelet Functions in β Thalassaemia
Authors: Eldor A. 
Published: August 2010

Haemorrhagic tendency, including frequent epistaxis and easy bruising, has been observed in patients with β thalassaemia major. Disturbances in the coagulation system were also described in this condition, which probably resulted from liver damage associated with this disease. There was, however, no quantitative or qualitative correlation between the haemorrhagic manifestations on the one hand and the abnormalities in the clotting mechanism on the other.Platelet functions were studied in 15 patients with β thalassaemia major and in 5 with thalassaemia minor. In most of the thalassaemia major patients and in some with thalassaemia minor, diminished platelet aggregtion to ADP, collagen, ristocetin and cpinephrine was found. These anomalies could not be corrected by the resuspension of the thalassaemic platelets in normal plasma.
Hairy Cell Leukaemia
Authors: Jansen J. , Hermans J. , Remme J. , den Ottolander G. J. , Cardozo P. Lopes 
Published: August 2010

Hairy‐cell leukaemia (leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis) is a well‐defined clinical entity. Most of the recent reports are almost entirely concerned with the pathological and functional aspects of the disease. In the present retrospective study the clinical features and laboratory data of 12 patients were analyzed together with a series of 123 adequately clinically documented cases from the literature. The Hb level and the sex of the patient proved to be the only parameters having some prognostic value for the survival time after diagnosis.The effect of splenectomy was assessed in two comparable groups of 24 splenectomized and 51 non‐splenectomized patients. The operation seemed to be beneficial, but after 2 years the difference was not significant (.05 < P < .10). Analysis of subgroups showed that splenectomy was definitely beneficial in women, in patients with a Hb level over 8.0 g/dl or a platelet level above 50 times 109/l, in patients with leucocytes below 3 times 109/l, and also in patients with hepatomegaly (P < .05 in all cases).These findings suggest that splenectomy is beneficial in cases where anaemia and thrombocytopenia are not very severe; in severe cytopenia the operation does not increase the life expectancy.