bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defined Transfer of Colloidal Particles by Electrochemical Microcontact Printing
Authors: Gödrich Sebastian , Brodoceanu Daniel , Kuznetsov Volodymyr , Kraus Tobias , Papastavrou Georg 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoft lithography, in particular microcontact printing (µCP), represents a well‐established and widespread class of lithographic patterning techniques. It is based on a directed deposition of molecules or colloidal particles by a transfer process with a micro‐structured stamp. A critical aspect of µCP is the adhesion cascade that enables the directed transfer of the objects. Here, the interfacial properties of a µCP‐stamp are tuned electrochemically to modify the adhesion cascade. During the printing process, the µCP‐stamp is submerged in an electrolyte solution and acted as a working electrode whose surface properties depended on the externally applied potential, thus enabling in situ rapid switching of its adhesion properties. As a proof of principle, defined particle patterns are selectively removed from a monolayer of colloidal particles. The adhesion at the particle/solid interface and the transfer mechanisms are determined by using the colloidal probe technique based on atomic force microscopy (AFM). In this case, a single particle is brought into contact with an electrode with the same surface chemistry as the µCP‐stamp. Hence, it became possible to determine the electrochemical potential ranges suitable to establish an adhesion cascade.
Responsivity Surge in MAPbI3:PC61BM/Au/ZnO Sandwich‐Structured Photodetector
Authors: Li Haoda , Jiang Dayong , Zhao Man , Zhao Yue , Wang Meijiao , Peng Yanyan , Li Mingyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe low gain in the presence of a single transverse external electric field limits the application of metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) photodetectors. Here, a longitudinal built‐in electric field by spin‐coating CH3NH3PbI3:PC61BM on the electrode region of an Au/ZnO MSM photodetector, which constitutes a vertically crossed composite electric field with a transverse external electric field, is constructed. In this case, the transverse electric field collects the electrons, and the longitudinal electric field separates them. Based on this novel electric field structure, carrier multiplication at lower voltage conditions is achieved. Compared to the low voltage, there is a significant amplification effect when the voltage reaches 7 V. The responsivity is increased ≈270 times for UV–vis wavelengths, escalating from ≈0.02 to ≈5.4 A W−1. This study provides a novel carrier transport control scheme for high‐gain perovskite‐based photodetectors.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Strong Near‐Field Coupled Localized and Delocalized Surface Plasmons
Authors: Lin Yuanhai , Fan Lufang , Jiang Maojie , Wang Danqing , He Jianfang , Fu Yulan , Wang Junsheng , Zhang Xinping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper reports transient dynamics of strong near‐field coupling behavior of plasmons in a multilayer metal nanostructure that enables ultrahigh‐efficient optical switching. Particle plasmon on the top array units couples with localized/delocalized plasmons on the bottom Au film to produce dipolar and high‐order hybrid modes with nearly suppressed reflection. The mode coupling can be tuned from near‐field to far‐field regime readily mediated by the spacer thickness. The dipolar mode inherits the high dispersive property of the delocalized plasmon, but the higher‐order one shows limited dispersion. Transient spectroscopy illustrates both hybrid modes have a picosecond timescale redshift under on‐ and off‐resonance excitation. However, the higher‐order mode exhibits a longer decay lifetime than the dipolar one because of resonance characteristics and cavity properties. An ultrafast optical switching effect with a response time of τ = 3.2 ps and an ultrahigh efficiency of 5100 mOD mJ−1 cm2 is achieved under an extremely low pump fluence.
Dual‐Polarity Response in Self‐Powered Infrared SnTe Photodetector with Double Symmetric Schottky Junctions
Authors: Xie Ying , He Qianming , Guo Jiaxin , Li Xinyu , Wei Jiahui , Zhang Yanchao , Gu Chenjie , Lu Pengfei , Shen Xiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSelf‐powered photodetectors with dual‐polarity response have great advantages in processing complex light information that is proven to be applied in switchable light imaging, optical communication, and spectral band distinction. Here, a novel strategy for designing self‐powered photodetectors by introducing the double symmetric Schottky junctions at the semiconductor‐metal interfaces is proposed, which guarantees the linear response characteristic and dominates the transfer of photogenerated carriers without external bias. Narrow bandgap semiconductor SnTe is employed as the photosensitive material. The bandgap is characterized to be 126 meV, showing great potential for wide spectrum response. As the consequence of selective excitation of unilateral Schottky junction and switching of electric field polarity, the device obtains a dual‐polarity photoresponse, which can be tuned from −14.8 to 13.5 µV. Moreover, an ultra‐broadband photoresponse from near‐infrared 808 nm to far infrared 10.6 µm is achieved with deep exploration of the working mechanism. The synergistic effect of photo thermoelectricity and photoconductivity created a high photoresponsivity of 0.35 mV W−1 excited by 10.6 µm at room temperature. This work provides a novel design strategy for self‐powered photodetectors with a dual‐polarity powered principle, which can take full advantage of the directivity of the photoresponse to identify optical information.
Reconfiguring the Optical Selection Rule in Ultramicrotome‐Crafted Vertically Aligned InSe Ribbons
Authors: Hu Xin , Li Zi‐Han , Li Zhen‐Hui , Fu Jie‐Rui , Wang Han , Geng Yan‐Quan , Zhen Liang , Li Yang , Xu Cheng‐Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDue to the high carrier mobility and direct bandgap character, indium selenide (InSe) exhibits great advantages for advanced optoelectronic applications. However, the unique optical section rule in InSe weakens the light‐matter interaction when the electric field of illuminated light is perpendicular to the c‐axis of planar InSe flake. To overcome this constraint, ultramicrotome technique is introduced to achieve vertically aligned InSe ribbons, aiming to reconfigure the optical paths for improved optical absorption and device performance. The well‐designed InSe ribbons are acquired with uniform morphology, showing an integrated structure free of cracks or fragments. First, the structural symmetry, crystal orientation, and optical anisotropy of InSe ribbon are carefully revealed by polarization‐dependent Raman spectrum, second harmonic generation (SHG), and photoluminescence measurements. Then, the back focal plane (BFP) imaging of photoluminescence distinguishes the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane dipole emission of InSe ribbons and planar InSe flakes, respectively. Notably, the ribbon exhibits new PL peaks with energy lower than the exciton peak of InSe at low temperature, which is attributed to Se vacancies. The work by introducing vertically aligned InSe nanoribbons provides a new strategy to manipulate the light‐matter interactions and defect engineering for novel optoelectronics, which can be also extended to other 2D semiconductors.
Electrochemically Generated Benzyl Cation‐Triggered Alkylacetoxylation of Terminal Alkynes with (Thio)xanthenes and Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Yang Na , Gao Hui , Zhang Peng‐Zhan , Sun Xiang , Wang Pei‐Long , Ma Fang , Li Hongji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA catalyst‐free electrochemical alkylacetoxylation reaction of terminal alkynes with (thio)xanthenes and carboxylic acids is developed. Treating the addition products with K2CO3 as a base in methanol affords the ketones in moderate to good yields. Preliminary experimental and computational studies indicate that the benzylic cation generated from the (thio)xanthenes triggers the electrophilic addition to alkynes.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Three‐Component Alkylpyridylation of Alkenes Enabled by Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complex
Authors: Shen Jiaxuan , Chen Meijun , Li Jincan , Chen Yimin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVisible‐light‐induced difunctionalization of alkenes is a powerful strategy for constructing complex molecules. Herein, we disclose a three‐component 1,2‐alkylpyridylation of alkenes under mild and photosensitizers‐free conditions. UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy studies and NMR titration experiments indicate that the formation of an EDA complex between 4‐alkyl‐DHPs and 4‐cyanopyridines. Primary, secondary, and tertiary C(sp3)‐centered radicals were formed by homolytic cleavage of 4‐alkyl‐DHPs. Gram‐scale synthesis and late‐stage functionalization of medicinally relevant molecules showed the synthetic potential of our methodology.
Synthesis of Sulfonyl‐Containing spiro[5,5]trienones from Sodium Metabisulfite
Authors: Xiao Wei , Tang Zhimei , He Fu‐Sheng , Wu Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn efficient three‐component reaction of biaryl ynones, sodium metabisulfite and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates is developed. The reaction occurs at room temperature without any additives, thus offering a sustainable approach to access sulfonyl‐containing spiro[5,5]trienones. This protocol features mild conditions, broad substrate scope and high functional group compatibility, furnishing the target products in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction undergoes a 6‐exo‐trig dearomative spirocyclization process which is initated by an aryl radical with the insertion of sulfur dioxide.
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Benzylic C−F Bonds
Authors: Hoppe Axel , Stepen Arne J. , Köring Laura , Paradies Jan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe activation of C(sp3)−F bonds by the commercially available catalyst B(C6F5)3 is reported and applied in reactions with arenes, allylic, vinylic and acetylenic silanes, and olefins to achieve a variety of C−C bond formations (45 examples).
Self‐Adaptive Graphdiyne/Sn Interface for High‐Performance Sodium Storage
Authors: Cheng Shujin , Zuo Zicheng , Li Yuliang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEfficiently reconciling the substantial volume strain with maintaining the stabilities of both interfacial protection and three‐dimensional (3D) conductive networks is a scientific and technical challenge in developing tin‐based anodes for sodium ion storage. To address this issue, a proof‐of‐concept self‐adaptive protection for the Sn anode is designed, taking advantage of the arbitrary substrate growth of graphdiyne. This protective layer, employing a flexible chain doping strategy, combines the benefits of 2D graphdiyne and linear chain structures to achieve 2D mechanical stability, electronic and ion conductions, ion selectivity, adequate elongation, and flexibility. It establishes close contact with the Sn particles and can adapt to dynamic size changes while effectively facilitating both electronic and ion transports. It successfully mitigates the detrimental effects of particle pulverization and coarsening induced by large‐volume changes. The as‐obtained Sn electrodes demonstrate exceptional stability, enduring 1800 cycles at a high current density of 2.5 A g−1. This strategy promises to address the general issues associated with large‐strain electrodes in next‐generation of high‐energy‐density batteries.
Hot Carrier Trapping and It's Influence to the Carrier Diffusion in CsPbBr3 Perovskite Film Revealed by Transient Absorption Microscopy
Authors: Lv Jianchang , Liu Ao , Shi Danli , Li Minjie , Liu Xi , Wan Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe defects in perovskite film can cause charge carrier trapping which shortens carrier lifetime and diffusion length. So defects passivation has become promising for the perovskite studies. However, how defects disturb the carrier transport and how the passivating affects the carrier transport in CsPbBr3 are still unclear. Here the carrier dynamics and diffusion processes of CsPbBr3 and LiBr passivated CsPbBr3 films are investigated by using transient absorption spectroscopy and transient absorption microscopy. It's found that there is a fast hot carrier trapping process with the above bandgap excitation, and the hot carrier trapping would decrease the population of cold carriers which are diffusible, then lower the carrier diffusion constant. It's proved that LiBr can passivate the defect and lower the trapping probability of hot carriers, thus improve the carrier diffusion rate. The finding demonstrates the influence of hot carrier trapping to the carrier diffusion in CsPbBr3 film.
Recent Advanced Ultra‐Wide Bandgap β‐Ga2O3 Material and Device Technologies
Authors: Sun Sihan , Wang Chenlu , Alghamdi Sami , Zhou Hong , Hao Yue , Zhang Jincheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGallium oxide (Ga2O3) is an emerging ultra‐wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor material that has gained significant attention in the field of high voltage and high frequency power electronics. Its noteworthy attributes include a large bandgap (Eg) of 4.8 eV, high theoretical critical breakdown field strength (EC) of 8 MV cm−1, and saturation velocity (νs) of 2 × 107 cm s−1, as well as high Baliga figures of merit (BFOM) of 3000. In addition, Ga2O3 has the advantages of large‐size substrates that can be achieved by low‐cost melt‐grown techniques. This review provides a partial overview of pivotal milestones and recent advancements in the Ga2O3 material growth and device performance. It begins with a discussion of the fundamental material properties of Ga2O3, followed by a description of substrate growth and epitaxial techniques for Ga2O3. Subsequently, the contact technologies between Ga2O3 and other materials are fully elucidated. Moreover, this article also culminates with a detailed analysis of Ga2O3‐based high voltage and high frequency power devices. Some challenges and solutions, such as the lack of p‐type doping, low thermal conductivity, and low mobility are also presented and investigated in this review.
Spintronic Artificial Synapses Using Voltage‐Controlled Multilevel Magnetic States
Authors: Jeong Jimin , Jang Yunho , Kang Min‐Gu , Hwang Seungeon , Park Jongsun , Park Byong‐Guk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeuromorphic computing offers energy‐efficient computations for large‐scale data processing compared to conventional von Neumann computing. The artificial synapse, a key element for learning and memory operations in neuromorphic computing, requires multi‐state characteristics and the capability to change and store its states. The implementation of hardware‐based artificial synapses using nonvolatile memory provides significant advantages in terms of energy consumption and circuit area compared to their currently employed CMOS‐based counterparts. In this regard, spintronic devices have emerged as a promising candidate due to their desirable properties for artificial synapses, including multilevel formability, non‐volatility, and outstanding writing performance. In this study, spintronic artificial synapses utilizing voltage‐controlled multilevel magnetic states and energy‐ and area‐efficient artificial neural network architectures associated with them are demonstrated. The multilevel states are created by gradually modulating the magnetic easy‐axis orientation from perpendicular to in‐plane and vice versa, which is achieved either by sequentially applying gate voltage pulses or by adjusting the pulse width of the gate voltage. Based on these spintronic artificial synapses, convolutional neural network (CNN) and spiking neural network (SNN) architectures are constructed, demonstrating high recognition accuracy for the MNIST dataset with improved energy efficiency and a reduced circuit area.
Tailoring Cyano Substitutions on Quinoxaline‐based Small‐Molecule Acceptors Enabling Enhanced Molecular Packing for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Li , Zhao Chaoyue , Yu Han , Sergeev Aleksandr , Zhu Liangxiang , Ding Kan , Fu Yuang , Ng Ho Ming , Kwok Chung Hang , Zou Xinhui , Yi Jicheng , Lu Xinhui , Wong Kam Sing , Ade Harald , Zhang Guangye , Yan He 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCyanation is a common chemical modification strategy to fine‐tune the energy levels and molecular packing of organic semiconductors, especially materials used in organic solar cells (OSCs). Generally, cyanation is used to modify the end groups of high‐performance small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs). However, the cyanation strategy has not been investigated on the central backbone of SMAs, which could introduce stronger intermolecular interaction and enhance the π–π stacking for rapid charge transport. This paper, for the first time, reports a new cyanation strategy on the central benzo‐quinoxaline core and synthesizes two novel A‐DA'D‐A type SMAs, named BQx‐CN and BQx‐2CN, with mono‐ and di‐cyanide groups, respectively. Through tailoring the number of CN groups, the BQx‐CN‐based OSC exhibits the best device performance of 18.8%, which is significantly higher than the non‐cyano BQx‐based one. The reason for the superior performance of BQx‐CN‐based devices can be attributed to the fine‐tuned energy level, stronger packing, and ideal phase segregation, which lead to superior exciton dissociation, faster charge transport, and suppressed recombination, therefore the highest fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiencies (PCE). The research demonstrates the effectiveness of the cyanation strategy on the central core of SMAs for enhanced molecular packing and better performance of OSCs.
Atomic‐iodine‐substituted polydiacetylene nanospheres with boosted intersystem crossing and nonradiative transition through complete radiative transition blockade for ultraeffective phototherapy
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhang Lingling , Yin Mingming , He Zhenyan , Fang Fang , Zhan Minle , Tian Sidan , Meng Fanling , Luo Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe energy dissipation pathways of a photosensitizer for phototherapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), compete directly with that of its fluorescence (FL) emission. Enriching heavy atoms on the π‐conjugated systems and aggregation‐caused quenching are two effective methods to turn off the FL emission of photosensitizers, which is expected to boost the intersystem crossing (for PDT) and nonradiative transition (for PTT) of photosensitizers for maximized phototherapeutic efficacy. Following this approach, an all‐iodine‐substituted polydiacetylene aggregate poly(diiododiacetylene) (PIDA) has been developed, which shows a superior near infrared absorption (ε808nm = 26.1 g−1 cm−1 L) with completely blocked FL, as well as high efficiency of reactive oxygen species generation (nearly 45 folds of indocyanine green) and photothermal conversion (33.4%). To make the insoluble fibrillar PIDA aggregates favorable for systemic administration, they are converted into nanospheres through a pre‐polymerization morphology transformation strategy. The in vivo study on a 4T1 tumor‐bearing mouse model demonstrates that PIDA nanospheres can almost eliminate the tumor entirely in 16 days and prolong the survival time of mice to over 60 days, validating their effective phototherapeutic response through the strategy of inhibiting FL for boosted intersystem crossing and nonradiative transition.
From hunter‐gatherers to food producers: New dental insights into the Nile Valley population history (Late Paleolithic–Neolithic)
Authors: Martin Nicolas , Thibeault Adrien , Varadzinová Lenka , Ambrose Stanley H. , Antoine Daniel , Brukner Havelková Petra , Honegger Matthieu , Irish Joel D. , Osypiński Piotr , Usai Donatella , Vanderesse Nicolas , Varadzin Ladislav , Whiting Rebecca J. , Velemínský Petr , Crevecoeur Isabelle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study presents biological affinities between the last hunter‐fisher‐gatherers and first food‐producing societies from the Nile Valley. We investigate odontometric and dental tissue proportion changes between these populations from the Middle Nile Valley and acknowledge the biological processes behind them.Materials and MethodsDental remains of 329 individuals from Nubia and Central Sudan that date from the Late Pleistocene to the mid‐Holocene are studied. Using 3D imaging techniques, we investigated outer and inner metric aspects of upper central incisors, and first and second upper molars.ResultsLate Paleolithic and Mesolithic foragers display homogeneous crown dimensions, dental tissue proportions, and enamel thickness distribution. This contrasts with Neolithic trends for significant differences from earlier samples on inner and outer aspects. Finally, within the Neolithic sample differences are found between Nubian and Central Sudanese sites.DiscussionSubstantial dental variation appears to have occurred around 6000 bce in the Nile Valley, coinciding with the emergence of food‐producing societies in the region. Archeological and biological records suggest little differences in dietary habits and dental health during this transition. Furthermore, the substantial variations identified here would have happened in an extremely short time, a few centuries at most. This does not support in situ diet‐related adaptation. Rather, we suggest these data are consistent with some level of population discontinuity between the Mesolithic and Neolithic samples considered here. Complex settlement processes could also explain the differences between Nubia and Central Sudan, and with previous results based on nonmetric traits.
Designed Additive to Regulated Crystallization for High Performance Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Cao Yang , Yan Nan , Wang Mingzi , Qi Danyang , Zhang Jiafan , Chen Xin , Qin Ru , Xiao Fengwei , Zhao Guangtao , Liu Yucheng , Cai Xuediao , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Feng Jiangshan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is a crucial role for enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to prepare high‐quality perovskite films, which can be achieved by delaying the crystallization of perovskite film. Hence, we designed difluoroacetic anhydride (DFA) as an additive to regulating crystallization process thus reducing defect formation during perovskite film formation. It was found DFA reacts with DMSO by forming two molecules, difluoroacetate thioether ester (DTE) and difluoroacetic acid (DA). The strong bonding DTE⋅PbI2 and DA⋅PbI2 retard perovskite crystallization process for high‐quality film formation, which was monitored through in situ UV/Vis and PL tests. By using DFA additives, we prepared perovskite films with high‐quality and low defects. Finally, a champion PCE of 25.28 % was achieved with excellent environmental stability, which retained 95.75 % of the initial PCE after 1152 h at 25 °C under 25 % RH.
Halogen, Chalcogen, Pnictogen, and Tetrel Bonding in Non‐Covalent Organocatalysis: An Update
Authors: Jovanovic Dragana , Poliyodath Mohanan Meghana , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe use of noncovalent interactions based on electrophilic halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen, or tetrel centers in organocatalysis has gained noticeable attention. Herein, we provide an overview on the most important developments in the last years with a clear focus on experimental studies and on catalysts which act via such non‐transient interactions.