bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical child safety education in England: A national survey of the Child Safety Education Coalition
Authors: Mulvaney Caroline A , Watson Michael C , Walsh Patrick 
Published: June 2012

Objective: To examine the provision of practical safety education by Child Safety Education Coalition (CSEC) organizations in England. Design: A postal survey. Setting: Providers of child practical safety education who were also part of CSEC. Methods: In February 2010 all CSEC organizations were sent a self-completion postal questionnaire which aimed to elicit details of safety education activities, priorities, target groups and information about evaluation. Frequencies of responses were calculated. Results: Responses were received from 60 organizations representing a response rate of 65%. They represented private, public and charitable organizations, and provided safety education for children aged 3 to 17 years. Respondents undertook a varied range of activities including talks, theatre work, utility distribution, experiential learning, hospital visits, and sports and leisure activities. The majority ( n = 43, 72%) ran special events to teach children about safety and most often this occurred at least once a month ( n = 28, 47%). Respondents provided education addressing the main causes of injury and mortality; road traffic injuries was the topic most often addressed ( n = 42, 70%). Twenty per cent of respondents ( n = 12) stated that they did not evaluate their activities and only one-third ( n = 19, 32%) stated that they produced written reports. Conclusion: Child safety education was delivered using a variety of techniques and was provided by a range of organizations. This highlights the opportunities that exist for teaching children risk competence. Additional support will be needed if evaluation activities are to be robust and fully documented.
Cluster headache and neuropsychological functioning
Authors: Dresler Thomas , Lürding Ralf , Paelecke-Habermann Yvonne , Gaul Charly , Henkel Karsten , Lindwurm-Späth Andrea , Leinisch Elke , Jürgens Tim P 
Published: June 2012

Background: Despite significant advances in unravelling the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH), little is known about neuropsychological functioning. Apart from neuroimaging studies indicating involvement of posterior hypothalamic and other areas frequently involved in nociception, some studies suggest involvement of prefrontal areas. Among others, these mediate executive functioning (EF). Methods: Therefore, three neuropsychological tests (Trail Making Test (TMT), Go/Nogo Task and Stroop Task) were completed by four headache patient samples (chronic CH, episodic CH in the active or inactive period, and migraine patients) and compared to healthy controls. Results: Analyses revealed that patients especially with chronic and active episodic CH were particularly impaired in tests relying more on intact EF (i.e. TMT-B, Stroop interference) than on basal cognitive processes (i.e. TMT-A, Stroop naming). Within the CH groups performance decreased linearly with increasing severity. Discussion: These findings are in line with a recently proposed involvement of prefrontal structures in CH pathophysiology as patients performed worse on neuropsychological tasks relying on these structures. Impaired EF could also result from medication and sleep disturbances due to active CH. Because the decreased performance was also present outside the attacks it may hint at generally altered brain functions, but do not necessarily reflect clinically relevant behaviour.
Effect of High-Dose Statin Versus Low-Dose Statin Plus Ezetimibe on Endothelial Function
Authors: Ye Yicong , Zhao Xiliang , Zhai Guangyao , Guo Lilin , Tian Zhuang , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: June 2012

Background: Combining low-dose statin and ezetimibe reduces the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) similar to high-dose statin. However, whether there is a difference in the effect of these 2 lipid-lowering regimes on endothelial function is still controversial. Methods: We performed a systematic search of databases (MEDLINE [1950 to September 2011], EMBASE [1966 to September 2011]) and references of identified studies. Completely published randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of high-dose statin with low-dose stain plus ezetimibe on endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD] method) were included in this study. Results: Six trials with a total of 213 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled weighted mean difference of FMD did not differ between the 2 lipid-lowering regimes (0.22%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.85%-1.29%, P = .68). Furthermore, no significant reduction in LDL-C and C-reactive protein (CRP) occurred with high-dose statin versus low-dose statin plus ezetimibe (pooled weighted mean differences of LDL-C and CRP were −4.12 mg/dL, 95% CI: −9.54-1.12 mg/dL, P = .12, and −0.02 mg/L, 95% CI: −0.31-0.27 mg/L, P = .89, respectively). Conclusions: Based on the currently available evidence, combining a low-dose statin with ezetimibe may provide similar beneficial effects on endothelial function as high-dose statin.
MicroRNA-143 down-regulates Hexokinase 2 in colon cancer cells
Authors: Gregersen Lea H , Jacobsen Anders , Frankel Lisa B , Wen Jiayu , Krogh Anders , Lund Anders H 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well recognized as gene regulators and have been implicated in the regulation of development as well as human diseases. miR-143 is located at a fragile site on chromosome 5 frequently deleted in cancer, and has been reported to be down-regulated in several cancers including colon cancer.MethodsTo gain insight into the role of miR-143 in colon cancer, we used a microarray-based approach in combination with seed site enrichment analysis to identify miR-143 targets.ResultsAs expected, transcripts down-regulated upon miR-143 overexpression had a significant enrichment of miR-143 seed sites in their 3'UTRs. Here we report the identification of Hexokinase 2 (HK2) as a direct target of miR-143. We show that re-introduction of miR-143 in the colon cancer cell line DLD-1 results in a decreased lactate secretion.ConclusionWe have identified and validated HK2 as a miR-143 target. Furthermore, our results indicate that miR-143 mediated down-regulation of HK2 affects glucose metabolism in colon cancer cells. We hypothesize that loss of miR-143-mediated repression of HK2 can promote glucose metabolism in cancer cells, contributing to the shift towards aerobic glycolysis observed in many tumors.
MicroRNAs and hepatitis C virus: Toward the end of miR-122 supremacy
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas Walter , Gilles Duverlie , Abderrahmane Bengrine 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The most common etiologic agents causing chronic hepatitis are hepatitis C and B viruses (HCV and HBV, respectively). Chronic infection caused by HCV is considered one of the major causative agents of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. In combination with the increasing rate of new HCV infections, the lack of a current vaccine and/or an effective treatment for this virus continues to be a major public health challenge. The development of new treatments requires a better understanding of the virus and its interaction with the different components of the host cell. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs functioning as negative regulators of gene expression and represent an interesting lead to study HCV infection and to identify new therapeutic targets. Until now, microRNA-122 (miR-122) and its implication in HCV infection have been the focus of different published studies and reviews. Here we will review recent advances in the relationship between HCV infection and miRNAs, showing that some of them emerge in publications as challengers against the supremacy of miR-122.
A benign teratoma presenting as an obstruction of the nasal cavity: a case report
Authors: Cukurova Ibrahim , Gumussoy Murat , Yaz Aytekin , Bayol Umit , Yigitbasi Orhan Gazi 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Teratoma refers to a neoplasm that recapitulates all three germ layers. Teratomas may be histologically mature and oncologically benign. Teratomas may also be histologically immature while being oncologically benign, or they may harbor malignant components and have the potential to exhibit an aggressive biological behavior. Teratomas of the head and neck are extremely rare and usually present in the neonatal period. As a general rule, pediatric teratomas of the head and neck tend to be oncologically benign, whereas adult teratomas tend to be histologically and oncologically malignant. Most of these teratomas are found in the cervical region and nasopharynx. Calcification within the mass is often evident.

Case presentation
A 27-year-old Caucasian man complaining of a nasal obstruction was admitted to our clinic in January 2006. A transnasal endoscopic examination revealed a mass arising from the nasal septum which was completely removed using an endoscopic approach. Histologically, it was determined to be a benign teratoma.

Conclusion
Herein, we present a rare case, along with a review of the related literature, in order to emphasize that a benign teratoma of the nasal septum should not be ignored.
A case of patellar fractures in monozygotic twin gymnasts
Authors: Beamish Andrew J , Roberts Gareth L , Cnudde Peter 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We present a case of near identical patellar fractures in adolescent monozygotic twins who are both high-level competitive gymnasts. These patients presented 14 months apart with almost identical history and clinical findings. Both had an intense training regime involving over 30 hours per week of load-bearing exercise. Clinical and radiological examinations suggested avulsion or sleeve fracture of the inferior pole of the patella with minimal displacement. Diagnoses of patellar stress fracture with avulsion of the distal pole and symptomatic bipartite patella could not be reliably excluded. Both fractures were treated conservatively with immobilisation of the knee in extension. An excellent functional result was observed in both patients with return to full activity at 8 weeks.
This is the first published case of identical injury to the patella in monozygotic twins. A significant genetic influence on bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported and low BMD is associated with increased susceptibility to fracture. These injuries corroborate a genetic influence on susceptibility to fracture. There is a requirement for further work to investigate genetic factors influencing susceptibility to fracture.
Preparation of Lipophilic Anionic Polymer Networks Based on Tetraphenylborates
Authors: Furukawa Yuki , Kokado Kenta , Sada Kazuki 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Novel anionic and lipophilic polymer networks have been successfully synthesized by imine formation between tetraphenylborates and 1,4-phenylenediamine. The obtained polymer networks showed various morphologies depending on the dielectric constant of media used in the synthesis. Moreover, the addition of water led to polymer networks with spherical structure presumably due to suppression of imine formation.
Liquid-phase Deposition of Titanium Oxide Film on Silicon Substrate Mediated by Polydopamine
Authors: Ou Junfei , Wang Fajun , Xue Mingshan , Wang Ying , Yao Junping , Li Wen 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) bearing surface catechol groups on a silicon wafer was used to induce the deposition of thin TiO2 films from aqueous solution. Different deposition conditions, such as the concentration and pH of precursor solution as well as the deposition temperature, were adopted. It was found that the growth rate and crystalline phase can be controlled by these deposition parameters; moreover, the crystal growth and adhesion strength to the substrate of TiO2 film can be promoted by PDA layer.
Theoretical Studies of Solvation Effects on 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole
Authors: Kuroki Ayaka , Ushiyama Hiroshi , Yamashita Koichi 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Stabilization energies at enol, keto, and transition state structures of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole in several types of solvents are systematically examined by quantum chemistry calculations. The solvent effects on the stability of keto are discussed and it has been shown that the keto form on the ground state does not have a local minimum in any type of solvents.
Effects of Alkoxy Substitution on the Optical Properties of 9,10-Anthraquinone and Anthracene: 2,3,6,7-Tetrapropoxy-substituted vs. 2,6-Dipropoxy-substituted Derivatives
Authors: Ohta Akira , Hattori Kazuki , Kusumoto Yui , Kawase Takeshi , Kobayashi Takashi , Naito Hiroyoshi , Kitamura Chitoshi 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
2,3,6,7-Tetrapropoxy- and 2,6-dipropoxy-substituted 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) and anthracene (ANT) derivatives were synthesized, and their optical properties in solution and in the solid state were investigated. In AQs, the tetrapropoxy derivative exhibited a red shift of absorption in comparison with the dipropoxy derivative and ANT. In contrast, in ANTs, the dipropoxy derivative exhibited a red shift of absorption and fluorescence in comparison with the tetrapropoxy derivative and ANT. The electronic effects of alkoxy substitution could be explained by TD-DFT calculations.
Recent Trends in Earnings Volatility: Evidence from Survey and Administrative Data
Authors: Celik Sule , Juhn Chinhui , McCue Kristin , Thompson Jesse 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Recent papers find that earnings volatility is again on the rise (Dynan et al. 2008, and Shin and Solon 2011). Using household survey data—the matched Current Population Surveys and Survey of Income and Program Participation—and the newly available Longitudinal Employment and Household Dynamics administrative dataset, we find that earnings volatility was remarkably stable in the 1990s and through the mid 2000s. This evidence is in contrast to that from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) which registers a sharp increase in the early 2000s. We investigate whether adjusting measures based on our sources to more closely match the characteristics of the PSID can reconcile this divergence in trends, but do not find a clear explanation for the divergence. We also find little evidence of a rise over this period in the components of volatility: volatility among job leavers, volatility among job stayers, and the fraction of workers who are job leavers.
The kinesin superfamily protein KIF17: one protein with many functions
Authors: Wong-Riley Margaret T.T. , Besharse Joseph C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractKinesins are ATP-dependent molecular motors that carry cargos along microtubules, generally in an anterograde direction. They are classified into 14 distinct families with varying structural and functional characteristics. KIF17 is a member of the kinesin-2 family that is plus end-directed. It is a homodimer with a pair of head motor domains that bind microtubules, a coiled-coil stalk, and a tail domain that binds cargos. In neurons, KIF17 transports N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2B subunit, kainate receptor GluR5, and potassium Kv4.2 channels from cell bodies exclusively to dendrites. These cargos are necessary for synaptic transmission, learning, memory and other functions. KIF17’s interaction with nuclear RNS export factor 2 (NXF2) enables the transport of mRNA bidirectionally in dendrites. KIF17 or its homolog osmotic avoidance abnormal protein 3 (OSM-3) also mediates intraflagellar transport of cargos to the distal tips of flagella or cilia, thereby aiding in ciliogenesis. In many invertebrate and vertebrate sensory cells, KIF17 delivers cargos that contribute to chemosensory perception and signal transduction. In vertebrate photoreceptors, KIF17 is necessary for outer segment development and disc morphogenesis. In the testis, KIF17 (KIF17b) mediates microtubule-independent delivery of an activator of cAMP-responsive element modulator (ACT) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and microtubule-dependent transport of Spatial-ε, both are presumably involved in spermatogenesis. KIF17 is also implicated in epithelial polarity and morphogenesis, placental transport and development, and the development of specific brain regions. The transcriptional regulation of Kif17 has recently been found to be mediated by nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), which also regulates NR2B as well as energy metabolism in neurons. Dysfunctions of KIF17 are linked to a number of pathologies.
Peptide-nucleic acid nanostructures for transfection
Authors: Bechinger Burkhard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTo use nucleic acids in biomedical research and medical applications, these highly hydrophilic macromolecules have to be transported through the organism, targeted to specific cell surfaces, and have to cross cellular barriers. To this end, nanosized transfection complexes have been designed and several of them have been successfully tested. Here, the different steps of the transfection process and the particular optimization protocols are reviewed, including the physicochemical properties of such vectors (size, charge, composition), protection in serum, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and intracellular targeting. The transfection process has been subdivided into separate steps and here special emphasis is given to peptides that have been designed to optimize these steps individually. Finally, complex devices encompassing a multitude of beneficial functionalities for transfection have been developed.
Extending Service Area of IEEE 802.11 Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Choi Woo-Yong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAccording to the current IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standards, IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks have the limitation that all STAs (Stations) are in the one-hop transmission range of each other. In this paper, to alleviate the limitation of IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks we propose the efficient method for selecting the most appropriate pseudo AP (Access Point) from among the set of ad hoc STAs and extending the service area of IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks by the pseudo AP’s relaying the internal traffic of IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks. Numerical examples show that the proposed method significantly extends the service area of IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks.
Anthraquinone polymer catalysts for alkaline delignification of lignocellulosic matter. Part 2. Action in soda pulping conditions on softwood and phenolic β-O-4 lignin models
Authors: Cazeils Emmanuel , Megiatto Jackson D. , Gardrat Christian , Pichavant Frédérique , Grelier Stéphane , Castellan Alain 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Two hydrophobic and one hydrophilic anthraquinone (AQ) polystyrene catalysts were tested under soda pulping conditions on thermomechanical fibers, and the results were evaluated based on commercial AQ. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers had efficiency gains of 23%–28% and 57%, respectively, compared to AQ (100% efficiency). Hydrosolubility of AQ polymers played a major role in delignification efficiency, a property that allows a better contact with lignocellulosic fibers. Hydrophobic copolymers were stable under pulping conditions and preserved their catalytic effect entirely by contrast to the hydrophilic AQ, as demonstrated by recovery yields after pulping and catalytic action of the recovered copolymers. Studies on lignin models confirmed that the hydrophilic AQ polystyrene is a better catalyst under soda pulping conditions than the hydrophobic ones. It was demonstrated that AQ polystyrene polymers react with lignin models by electron transfer mechanisms.
Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein serum levels in early pregnancy with the severity of preeclampsia and fetal birth weight
Authors: Behboudi-Gandevani Samira , Moghadam Narges Alian , Mogadam-banaem Lida , Mohamadi Bita , Asghari Mohamad 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) serum levels in early pregnancy with the severity of preeclampsia (PE) and birth weight.

Study design: A prospective cohort study was conducted in Noor City (in the north of Iran) from February 2008 to March 2009. The maternal serum hs-CRP levels were measured in 778 healthy pregnant women between 14 and 20 weeks of gestation. They were followed up to delivery. The women were divided into three groups according to ACOG criteria: mild and severe PE and normal group.

Results: In total, 63 (8.1%) of the subjects developed PE: 30 (3.9%) mild and 33 (4.2%) severe PE. Mean±SD hs-CRP levels in mild (7.2±2.2 mg/L) and severe (9.4±3.9 mg/L) PE were significantly higher than the normal group (2.5±2.7 mg/L). Mean±SD birth weights in severe (3100±590 g) and mild (3150±742 g) PE were significantly lower than uncomplicated pregnancies (3340±590 g). Multiple and linear logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant relationships between hs-CRP levels in mild (odds ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.43–1.93) and severe PE (odds ratio, 2.35, 95% confidence interval, 1.90–2.92) and with birth weight (P<0.001). The receiver operator characteristic curve showed that hs-CRP >4.5 and >5 mg/dL could predict mild and severe PE, respectively. At this level, sensitivity and specificity for mild PE were 100% and 80.7%, and for severe PE were 93.9% and 75.7%, respectively.

Conclusion: hs-CRP can be useful in identifying pregnant women at risk for PE and low-birth weight infants.
Nanowire-based plasmonic waveguides and devices for integrated nanophotonic circuits
Authors: Wei Hong , Xu Hongxing 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe fast development of plasmonics have greatly advanced our understanding to the abundant phenomena related to surface plamon polaritons (SPPs) and improved our ability to manipulate light at the nanometer scale. With tightly confined local field, SPPs can be transmitted in waveguides of subwavelength dimensions. Nanophotonic circuits built with plasmonic elements can be scaled down to dimensions compatible with semiconductor-based nanoelectronic circuits, which provides a potential solution for the next-generation information technology. Different structures have been explored as plasmonic waveguides for potential integration applications. This review is focused on metallic nanowire waveguides and functional components in nanowire networks. We reviewed recent progress in research about plasmon generation, emission direction and polarization, group velocity, loss and propagation length, and the near-field distribution revealed by quantum dot fluorescence imaging. Electrical generation and detection of SPPs moves towards the building of plasmonic circuits, where bulky external light sources and detectors may be omitted. The coupling between metal nanowires and emitters is important for tailoring light-matter interactions, and for various potential applications. In multi-nanowire structures, plasmon signal control and processing are introduced. The working principles of these nanowire-based devices, which are based on the control to the near field distributions, will become the design rule for nanophotonic circuits with higher complexity for optical signal processing. The recent developments in hybrid photonic-plasmonic waveguides and devices are promising for making devices with unprecedented performance.