bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human models that inform antiretroviral therapy-free remission with perinatally acquired HIV infection
Authors: Tiemessen Caroline T. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Rare persons who achieve disease-control despite high viral loads (viraemic nonprogressors) or maintain virologic control in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (elite controllers) or following ART interruption (posttreatment controllers) possess protective factors that can be harnessed for interventions to achieve ART-free remission. This review broadly summarizes these phenotypes in adults and children, and updates on findings important in informing strategies for ART-free remission in children with HIV.

Recent findings
To date, only a few individual cases of posttreatment control have been described in children. Smaller HIV reservoir size with very early ART initiation in neonates with in-utero acquired HIV associates with improved virological and immunological outcomes. Nine new cases of ART-free remission in children were recently described – 4 from the P1115 trial, and 5 males from the Ucwaningo Lwabantwana study in South Africa. A striking reduction in the decay of intact proviruses was observed over three decades on suppressive ART in two early-treated twins with HIV.

Summary
The unique environment of perinatal HIV infection favours effective restriction and decay of the HIV-1 reservoir with suppressive ART initiated very early. Sex and population differences require consideration in ongoing studies to inform ART-free remission.
Airway Occlusion Pressure and P0.1 to Estimate Inspiratory Effort and Respiratory Drive in Ventilated Children
Authors: Rudolph Michelle W. , Sietses Maaike , Koopman Alette A. , Blokpoel Robert G.T. , Kneyber Martin C.J. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
To compare the level of agreement between proximal (near the subject) and distal (inside the ventilator) measured airway occlusion pressure at 100 ms (P0.1) and occlusion pressure (ΔP
occ), and to study the correlation between ΔP
occ and peak-to-trough esophageal pressure (ΔP
es).

Design:
Secondary analysis of prospectively collected physiology dataset (2021–2022).

Setting:
Medical-surgical 20-bed PICU.

Patients:
Children younger than 18 years with and without acute lung injury ventilated greater than 24 hours and spontaneously breathing with appropriate triggering of the ventilator.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Data from three expiratory hold maneuvers (with a maximum of three breaths during each maneuver) in 74 subjects (118 measurements) with median age 3 months (interquartile range 1–17), and primary respiratory failure due to a pulmonary infection in 41/74 (55.4%) were studied. The median proximal ∆P
occ was 6.7 cm H2O (3.1–10.7) and median P0.1 4.9 cm H2O (4.1–6.0) for the first breath from the maneuver; both increased significantly (p < 0.001) with the subsequent two breaths during the same maneuver. Median distal ∆P
occ was 6.8 (2.9–10.8) and P0.1 4.6 (3.9–5.6) cm H2O; both increased significantly (p < 0.001) with the two subsequent breaths. Proximal and distal ΔP
occ (r > 0.99, p < 0.001) and P0.1 (r > 0.80, p < 0.001) were correlated. Correlation between ventilator displayed and Y-piece measured ΔP
occ (r > 0.99) and P0.1 (r = 0.85) was good. Mean (sd) difference for ΔP
occ was 0.13 (0.21); levels of agreement were –0.28 and 0.54. For P0.1, mean (sd) difference was –0.36 (1.14) and levels of agreement –2.61 and 1.88. There was a high correlation between ΔP
es and ∆P
occ (r = 0.92) for the same breath and a good correlation with ΔP
es from the preceding breath (r = 0.76). There was a poor correlation with the transpulmonary pressure (r = 0.37).

Conclusions:
ΔP
occ is not affected by measurement site, whereas P0.1 may be overestimated or underestimated. ΔP
occ was highly correlated with the peak-to-trough esophageal pressure, supporting the concept that inspiratory effort can also be quantified noninvasively by measuring ΔP
occ.
‘With age comes wisdom’: effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir + lamivudine in virologically-suppressed people with HIV
Authors: Baldin Gianmaria , Salvo Pierluigi Francesco , Passerotto Rosa Anna , Iannone Valentina , Lamanna Francesco , Carbone Andrea , Farinacci Damiano , Lombardi Francesca , Borghetti Alberto , Di Giambenedetto Simona , Torti Carlo , Ciccullo Arturo 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
Results from clinical trials and observational studies suggest that dolutegravir plus lamivudine is a well tolerated option for simplification in people with HIV (PWH). We aimed to assess long-time effectiveness and safety in our cohort.

Methods:
We performed an observational study enrolling HIV-1-infected, virologically suppressed PWH, switching to dolutegravir plus lamivudine. Exclusion criteria were HBV-coinfection and the presence of the M184V mutation before the simplification. We performed survival analysis to evaluate time to virological failure (VF, defined by a single HIV-RNA ≥200 copies/ml or by two consecutive HIV-RNA ≥ 50 copies/ml) and treatment discontinuation (TD, defined as the interruption of either 3TC or DTG).

Results:
Six hundred thirty-one PWH were considered for the analysis: 446 were males (70.7%), with a median age of 51.1 years [interquartile range (IQR) 42.6–57.6]. Estimated probabilities of maintaining virological suppression at 192 and 384 weeks were 95.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 92.0–96.2] and 91.5% (95% CI 87.1–94.4), respectively. At multivariable analysis, including zenith HIV-RNA, time of virological suppression before switch, risk factors for HIV infection and age, only IDU [versus other risk factors, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 3.58, 95% CI 1.38–9.28, P = 0.009] independently predicted VF. A border-line significant association with VF emerged for age (per 10-years more, aHR 0.72, 95% CI 0.51–1.01, P = 0.058) and zenith HIV-RNA >500 000 cps/ml (versus. <500 000 cps/ml, aHR 2.31, 95% CI 0.98–5.46, P = 0.056).
As to treatment tolerability, estimated probabilities of remaining on study regimen at 192 and 384 weeks were 87.8% (95% CI 84.5–90.5) and 85.1% (95% CI 81.0–88.5), respectively.

Conclusions:
Our findings confirm the long-term effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir plus lamivudine in virologically suppressed PWH.
Constraining calculations of
Pu239(n,γ)
cross sections with multistep cascade
γ
-ray spectra measured at the DANCE facility
Authors: Ullmann J. L. , Kawano T. , Baramsai B. , Bredeweg T. A. , Couture A. , Jandel M. , Mosby S. , O'Donnell J. M. , Rundberg R. S. , Sasaki H. , Vieira D. J. , Wilhelmy J. B. , Krtička M. , Chyzh A. , Henderson R. , Wu C. Y. 
Published: February 2025

Measurements of multistep cascade gamma-ray spectra from several low-lying 1+ resonances in the Pu239(n,γ) reaction were made using the DANCE detector. The measured spectra are compared to spectra simulated using several models for the photon strength function and the nuclear level density, representing the first analysis of this nature on a fissile nucleus. In general, models of the photon strength function that included a strong M1 “scissors mode” contribution coupled with a Gilbert-Cameron nuclear level density provided a reasonable description of the spectra. Simulations using photon strength functions and nuclear level densities specifically for Pu240, extracted by the Oslo method, resulted in a very good representation of the measured spectra. Neutron-capture cross section calculations that included the scissors mode provided a good estimate of the previously measured values, without additional normalization. However, the scissors-mode energy that produced the best description of the multistep cascade spectra was different from the value that best reproduced the capture cross section. In addition, the 〈Γγ〉 inferred from the multistep cascade calculations was somewhat less than the tabulated value, which was determined from resonance analysis.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Enhancing employer branding in startups through job autonomy and intrinsic motivation: the role of gamification
Authors: Bhawna Bhawna , Dogra Prinka , Akram Umair , Sharma Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: February 2025

PurposeIn light of the rapidly evolving global work environment and the unique needs of startups, this study investigates the potential of gamified practices (GP) as a human resource management tool to enhance employer branding (EB).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from employees in Indian startup companies (N = 1,842) through a structured questionnaire. The study used Smart-PLS for variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that GP significantly influences IM, which is the internal desire to perform a task due to the enjoyment it brings, and JA, which is the level of independence and freedom given to an employee in their job, as parallel mediators between GP and EB. Further, prior perceptions of the employer brand (PPEB), which refer to the pre-existing beliefs and attitudes employees hold about the employer brand, moderate the relationship between GP and JA, highlighting that individuals with varying PPEB respond differently to JA facilitated through GP.Practical implicationsThe study’s findings underscore the importance of tailoring GP experiences to individual needs and prior brand perceptions for optimal results. Furthermore, it highlights GP as a potent tool for shaping positive employer brand perceptions, particularly when it aligns with an organization’s values and offers an engaging, competitive and realistic experience.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the field by addressing the underexplored impact of GP on EB within the dynamic startup ecosystem. It explores the mediating roles of IM and JA and the moderating effect of PPEB, shedding light on the dynamic relationships between gamified practices and EB.
Circular economic strategies for maximising the end-of-life value of modular buildings: a Delphi study
Authors: De Silva W.P.M. , Jayasena Suranga , Thennakoon Piyumi , Perera B.A.K.S. 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThe construction industry is responsible for over 30% of natural resource extraction and 25% of global waste generation. Modular construction (MC) offers an opportunity to move towards a circular economy (CE), enhancing the value at the end-of-life stage through reuse and disassembly. However, a gap remains, prohibiting the full realisation of this potential. This study aims to bridge this gap by developing a strategic framework that enhances the end-of-life value of MBs by integrating CE principles by investigating key parameters, identifying relevant CE principles and formulating integration strategies to maximise their effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative research approach, using two Delphi rounds with experts selected through purposive sampling. The qualitative data were analysed using manual content analysis.FindingsThe research identifies six parameters that influence the end-of-life value of MBs and aligns them with suitable CE 9R principles. In total, 41 strategies are provided for integrating these principles with 6 parameters to enhance the end-of-life value of MBs.Originality/valueThe study findings present a systematic approach to integrating CE principles to enhance the end-of-life value of MBs. Identifying specific strategies integrating CE principles for each key parameter distinguishes it from previous research, which often lacks this level of focus on end-of-life parameter-specific strategies. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the practical application of CE concepts in MC. Further, it offers practical strategies for enhancing the end-of-life value of MB to promote a sustainable built environment.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Exploring the Policy–Mobilization Nexus: How Policies and Mobilizations Shape One Another
Authors: Ancelovici Marcos , Dussault Joëlle , Emperador Badimon Montserrat 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough public policies and social mobilizations often shape one another, policy studies and social movement studies have focused on distinct dimensions of the “policy–mobilization nexus.” Such segmented perspectives generate blind spots and partial accounts of both the policy process and social mobilization dynamics. This special issue unpacks the policy–mobilization nexus and brings together papers that analyze the interactions between public policy and protest in different policy domains (family, housing, education, and health) in four countries (Chile, Quebec, Spain, and the United States). It makes three contributions. First, it stresses the contentious nature of the policy‐making process and shows that many social actors combine disruptive and conciliatory modes of action. Second, it challenges standard arguments according to which social movements shape the policy process only indirectly, through agenda‐setting. Finally, it takes temporal dynamics seriously and stresses the need to treat policies not as an output or outcome but as a process with no clear starting and end points.
Spatial profiling of geographical accessibility to maternal healthcare and coverage of maternal health service utilisation in Nepal: a geospatial analysis based on demographic and health survey
Authors: Huang-fu Heng-Qian , Wang Li , Karmacharya Biraj , Koirala Uttam Kumar , Ke Chang-Wen , Liang Dan , Hao Chun , Lai Ying-Si 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundInformation on geographical accessibility to maternal healthcare (MHC) and coverage of maternal health service utilisation at high spatial resolution in Nepal are important for evidence-based health planning.MethodsBased on the Nepal Health Facility Registry dataset in 2022, we measured the geographical accessibility to MHC facilities across Nepal. Using data from 2022 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey and other sources, we assessed the relationships between geographical accessibility and the utilisation of the three major healthcare services (ie, four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits, institutional delivery and postnatal care (PNC) check-up), by applying Bayesian geostatistical models. High-resolution maps on coverage of the above services were produced.ResultsThe geographical accessibility showed high in the central and southern Terai belt but low in the northern mountains, with average travel-mode adjusted travel time for ANC, institutional delivery and PNC 26.74, 40.72 and 29.09 min, respectively. Negative correlations were found between geographical accessibility with four or more ANC visits (OR 0.76, 95% Bayesian credible interval, BCI 0.65 to 0.90), institutional delivery (OR 0.76, 95% BCI 0.64 to 0.90) and PNC check-up (OR 0.87, 95% BCI 0.76 to 0.99), respectively. Population-weighted coverages for four or more ANC visits, institutional delivery and PNC check-up were estimated 83.25% (95% BCI 80.43% to 85.35%), 84.26% (95% BCI 81.30% to 86.08%) and 73.19% (95% BCI 69.43% to 76.09%), respectively, across Nepal. The northern mountains and southeastern Terai showed low coverage for the three healthcare services, while the central, eastern and western hilly regions exhibited good coverage.ConclusionGeographical accessibility is important in utilisation of maternal health services in Nepal. The high-resolution maps enable an evidence-based assessment for better health planning.
Relationship of irisin and apelin levels with sarcopenia and body Composition in community-dwelling older adults: a paired case-control study
Authors: Zhang Liangchuan , Peng Yating , Qie Yaling , Guo Jia , Kong Yuan , Zhang Xue , Li Zetian , Jia Hong 
Published: February 2025

Objective: Irisin and alein levels continue to decrease with aging, however, no studies have explored their association with sarcopenia and body composition. This study aims to provide evidence of irisin and apelinlevels in patients with sarcopenia. Design: A paired case-control study. Setting and Participants: This case-control study included 80 individuals with sarcopenia and 80 individuals without sarcopenia. Methods: The definition of sarcopenia was based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Plasma levels of irisin and apelin were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Results: The sarcopenia group exhibited significantly lower levels of irisin(73.75±30.97 ng/mL vs. 131.15±88.38ng/mL, p<0.001) and apelin(21.51±14.89 ng/mL vs. 27.87±14.41 ng/mL, p=0.007) compared to the control group. Increased levels of irisin(OR, 0.98, 95%CI, 0.97-0.99) and apelin(OR, 0.97, 95%CI, 0.95-0.99) were associated with a decreased risk of sarcopenia. In women, irisin was positively associated with BMI, ICW, ECW, TW, protein, mineral, fat, FFM, SMM, PBF, WC, VFA, and BMR. Apelin was positively associated with ICW, ECW, TBW, Protein, and SMM(all p<0.05). In men, positive correlations were found between irisin, apelin, and handgrip strength(all p<0.05). Conclusion: Plasma irisin and apelin were lower than in controls in elderly patients with sarcopenia, and elevated levels of irisin and apelin were associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia. In addition, irisin and apelin levels are associated with body composition and irisin showed a stronger ability to predict sarcopenia in women.
Investigating the use of multiple representations in university courses on quantum technologies
Authors: Rexigel Eva , Bley Jonas , Arias Alda , Qerimi Linda , Küchemann Stefan , Kuhn Jochen , Widera Artur 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The field of Quantum Information Science and Technology (QIST) education presents unique challenges for both students and educators, such as the necessity of understanding abstract properties of quantum systems. To provide a more intuitive understanding of quantum systems, a multitude of qubit representations have been developed in recent years. Given the diversity of the field, a specific representation may be more suitable in one content area of than in another. Consequently, the choice of representation may vary considerably depending on the course orientation. However, no exhaustive analysis has been conducted into the differences between the representation of single- and multi-qubit systems in higher education QIST courses. Furthermore, the factors which influence the selection of a suitable representation remain open. To close this gap, we conducted an online survey with 25 educators at different German and Austrian universities on their use of representations in QIST-related courses. The results confirm the pivotal role of mathematical formalism in QIST education regardless of the specific course characteristics but also reveal an untapped potential for enhancing student learning through the intentional and comprehensive use of multiple external representations (MERs), especially in the case of multi-qubit systems. The findings are discussed within the context of the field of QIST and current insights into learning with MERs.
Interaction between intubation and stress regarding hemodynamic and hormonal changes
Authors: Abd Elhafez Nashwa Farouk , Oriquat Ghaleb Ali , Nsairat Hamdi , Jaber Bahaa , Abdelraouf Abdelraouf Ms , Fahmy Marina Kamal , Saleem Tahia H. , Abdelall Alshimaa Hafez 
Published: February 2025

Objective To compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl to reduce hemodynamic and biochemical stress markers associated with endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. Methods We performed a prospective randomized controlled study of 80 patients and 20 healthy controls at Assiut University from January to June 2024. The patients were allocated to two groups: Group D received dexmedetomidine and Group F received fentanyl. Blood samples were collected at four time points: T0 (baseline), T1 (2 minutes after induction of anesthesia), T2 (1 minute after intubation), and T3 (10 minutes post-intubation), for stress marker analysis. Results Intubation significantly increased stress markers in both groups compared to baseline. Group D showed significantly lower cortisol, norepinephrine, and lactate concentrations at T1, T2, and T3; and hemodynamic parameters at T2; whereas Group F demonstrated earlier post-operative recovery. Conclusions Both drugs increased stress markers, but dexmedetomidine more effectively reduced biochemical marker concentrations, suggesting better stress control, whereas fentanyl use led to quicker recovery. Dexmedetomidine is more effective at reducing intubation-induced stress, whereas fentanyl facilitates faster post-operative recovery.
A Rare Presentation of Chronic Exfoliative Cheilitis: Case Report
Authors: Eltoureini Abdelrahman , Alharbi Hamad , Saleh Wafaa 
Published: February 2025

Background: Chronic exfoliative cheilitis is an inflammatory condition of the lips that involves exfoliation of the superficial layers of the lip with continuous peeling, ulceration, and exfoliation. Chronic exfoliative cheilitis can lead to social and psychosocial problems. Case presentation: A 73-year-old diabetic male presented with a lip lesion showing continuous ulceration, crusting, and peeling of the lower lip. It was a spontaneous complaint that had its onset 6 months ago and has constantly evolved. The medical history revealed controlled diabetes mellitus while the social and family histories showed no marked findings. After a careful history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations with the exclusion of the possible etiologic factors of cheilitis, the patient was diagnosed with chronic exfoliative cheilitis with unknown etiology. Then, the patient was prescribed topical steroids, and he was advised for continuous follow-up visits. Conclusion: Diagnosing chronic cheilitis is challenging and requires careful history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigation, with continuous follow-up to improve the patient’s quality of life. Further research is needed to better understand and treat these cases.
Effect of different incisions on dry eye symptoms after cataract surgery in diabetic patients
Authors: Yang Xiao , Li Lijuan , Shen Huiping , Bai Xue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
Diabetic patients suffer from severe dry eye after cataract surgery, and the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2.2 mm and 3.0 mm clear corneal incisions on dry eye after phacoemulsification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
Clinical data of 104 patients with T2DM who underwent phacoemulsification in the Department of Ophthalmology of The People’s Hospital of Yingshang from January 2022 to November 2023 were retrospectively collected. The patients were categorized into 2.2 mm and 3.0 mm groups according to the surgical incision, and their preoperative and postoperative Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer I test (SIt), and Fluorescein breakup time (FBUT), as well as anxiety and depression levels, were analyzed.

Results
Before surgery, mild anxiety and depression were present in both groups. At 7 days and 1 month postoperatively, OSDI was significantly higher and SIt and FBUT were substantially lower in both groups, but the above indexes were milder in the 2.2 mm group. Meanwhile, the psychological status of both groups significantly improved at 1 month after surgery, and the improvement was more significant in the 2.2 mm group. At 3 months postoperatively, the dry eye of the two groups was relieved, and the psychological status was also improved.

Conclusion
Compared with 3.0 mm, a 2.2 mm clear corneal incision effectively reduced dry eye after phacoemulsification in T2DM patients.