bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecology and Religion
Authors: Bratton Susan Power 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Non-specialists often confuse ecology with environmental science, or even with environmental management and politics. Ecology explicitly investigates the interaction of biotic systems with their environment. This article first covers religious interaction with ecological phenomena prior to or independently of the rise of modern life science. The second half investigates the past two centuries of religious interaction with the development of ecological thought in the Euro-American context, and concludes with a brief survey of the last quarter-century of ecological and environmental science dialogue with world religions. Rather than merely offering a summary of some idealized human interaction with nature, religious interaction with environmental science is becoming more specific. It is now engaging individual environmental issues, including human population growth, global warming, the preservation of endangered species, and the management of specific ecosystems such as oceans, forests, and rivers.
Neurophenomenology and Contemplative Experience
Authors: Thompson Evan 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Any discussion of the relationship between cognitive science and religion for different theoretical perspectives in cognitive science can combine with different scientific approaches to religion. This article proposes that certain contemplative wisdom traditions – Buddhism most notably, though not exclusively – and certain approaches in cognitive science – the embodied approach and neurophenomenology – are mutually informative and enlightening. Through back-and-forth circulation, each approach can reshape the other, leading to new conceptual and practical understandings for both. At stake in this possibility is nothing less than the prospect of a mature science of the mind that can begin to do justice to the rich and diverse traditions of human contemplative experience.
Anglo‐American Post‐modernity and the End of Theology— Science Dialogue?
Authors: Murphy Nancey 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article describes emerging patterns in Anglo-American philosophy that represent radical breaks from the thought patterns of Enlightened modernity, and spells out consequences of these changes for the theology–science dialogue. The rationale is based on the relation that philosophy bears to the rest of culture. The discussion describes new moves in three traditional branches of philosophy: metaphysics, philosophy of language, and epistemology. It contends that, beginning half a century ago, whole clusters of terms in each of these domains have taken on new uses, and that these changes have radical consequences for all areas of academia. The discussion notes their actual and potential contributions to the dialogue between theology and science.
Religion‐and‐Science
Authors: Hefner Philip 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This article presents a meta-analysis, an exercise in philosophical reflection on religion-and-science. It engages in thinking about religion-and-science thinking, and to refers readers who are familiar with proposals concerning humans as created co-creators. The article elaborates the view that religion-and-science is more than either religion alone, as it is commonly understood, or science alone, as it is commonly practised. In this respect, religion-and-science is a tertium quid. For some, that meaning is a discovery or a revelation that is grounded in transcendence, while for others it is a human construction of meaning. Religion-and-science privileges science, in that it believes that the world presents itself to us in terms of embodied scientific understandings. At the same time, religion-and-science is itself religious in nature, in that it is always oriented toward what people deem most important.
Ground‐ of‐Being Theologies
Authors: Wildman Wesley J. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This article deals with a complex family of theological viewpoints, collected under the name ‘ground-of-being’ theologies. It discusses their relationship to various forms of theism, their shared themes, and their connections with the natural sciences. Ground-of-being theologies have in common two important negations: they deny that ultimate reality is a determinate entity, and they deny that the universe is ontologically self-explanatory. The positive formulations of ground-of-being theologies vary. Ground-of-being theologies are important, because their denial that ultimate reality is a determinate entity establishes a valuable theological contrast with determinate entity theisms such as personal theism and process theism – two ideas of God prominent both in modern theology and in the contemporary science–religion dialogue.
The Potential of Panentheism for Dialogue Between Science and Religion
Authors: Brierley Michael W. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
After exploring the meaning of panentheism, this article looks at divine action as an example of current debate in science and religion where panentheism makes important contributions. But the essay thens also draws attention to the areas of experience and ethics implied by Rowan Williams's words, in the belief that panentheism is able to aid the connection of science to the subjective realities of religious experience and moral decision making. Panentheism represents theology that is engaging and creative, and a metaphysic with rich and sensitive moral resources. And given the moral questions which now press so urgently on science and the contemporary world, that contribution of panentheism could be of paramount importance.
The Pre‐modern Sins of Intelligent Design
Authors: Pennock Robert T. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Is it really possible to detect God's hand in the operations of the world? That is the religious question that is at issue in the intelligent design (ID) debate. ID theorists believe that they can do this, and claim to do it scientifically. ID creationists (IDCs) usually point to biology, but the patterns that they believe are signs of intelligence are also found in physics, chemistry, and meteorology. They point to the complexities of the eye, the immune system, and the bacterial flagellum, but for every system that serves a benign purpose, one finds those designed to cause suffering and devastation. Such issues, known as the problem of evil, are made particularly poignant by the ID analysis of divine design. This article examines these and other theological problems. It also examines whether scientists are really committing some pre-modern sin and whether IDCs should consider the beam in their own eye.
Physics, Complexity, and the Science—Religion Debate
Authors: Ellis George F. R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe extraordinarily successful reductionist approach of present-day physics is based on the concept of an isolated system. However, the physics approach tends to ignore three crucial features that enable the emergence of biological complexity out of the underlying physical substratum: namely, top-down action in the hierarchy of complexity; the causal efficacy of stored information; and the origin of biological information through evolutionary adaptation. Overall, it can be important in emphasizing all the dimensions of humanity as well as what we can access by scientific observations and theories. This can be an important integrative factor, helping us fully to see ourselves and the universe in which we live. The kinds of analysis of emergence and the limits of physics undertaken in this article can be helpful in this endeavour, providing support for understanding the reality of higher levels of meaning and affirming multiple levels and natures of existence.
Emergence, Theology, and the Manifest Image
Authors: Silberstein Michael 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The first section of this article discusses the relevance of emergence to theology. The second section characterizes different varieties of emergence. It argues that only radical mereological/causal emergence and nomological emergence – both of which are forms of ontological emergence – have any real relevance for theology. The third section focuses on the promises and pitfalls of using ontological emergence to argue for the existence of God and divine action. Finally, the last section makes a variety of friendly suggestions to theologians, focusing on the direction of future work in emergence, theology, and the manifest image.
Science, Ethics, and the Human Spirit
Authors: Hurlbut William B. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The naturalistic methodologies of modern science have uncovered a vast wealth of understandings of the human condition that Blaise Pascal could not have imagined. These understandings have informed new naturalistic philosophical perspectives on the very nature of human nature, together with heretofore unimagined technological powers to manipulate it. Somehow the new conceptions of human nature fall short of cohering with the fullness of life as actually lived and experienced. However, people may discern in the evolutionary emergence of human personhood and its moral sociality intimations of a richer conception both of human nature and of the natural order in and to which it has adapted. When coupled with the perspective of Christian faith, such an expanded conception of the world culminates in an ethic that rises above mere moral duty and social utility to an alignment of life with the very source and power of self-giving love.
Biotechnology and the Religion—Science Discussion
Authors: Cole‐Turner Ronald 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
While giving attention to the embryo question and indeed to the meaning of ‘playing God’, this article surveys more generally some religiously significant aspects of recent genetics and biotechnology. The first section considers what genetics suggests about human nature. The next section, on biotechnology, looks first at work on plants and animals, but moves quickly to human applications, from gene therapy to cloning and stem cells, asking about the moral implications. The final section offers a theological interpretation of genetics and biotechnology, reflective of Christianity but intended for a wider readership. The article also looks at the question of the human embryo and its role in research, the theological implications of the technological transformation of the human self, and how we are to understand in religious terms our new role in creation.
Gene silencing of MIR22 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia involves histone modifications independent of promoter DNA methylation
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Liu Jun , Zhou Rui , Huang Shi , Huang Shiang , Chen Xian‐Ming 
Published: October 2009

SummaryAberrant epigenetic regulation has recently been implicated in the downregulation of tumour suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs). Histone modification and DNA methylation can have different roles in gene silencing in cancer. To investigate whether histone modifications would contribute to the dysregulation of miRNAs in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the effect of a histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), on miRNA expression profile was analysed by microarray assay in a precursor B‐cell ALL cell line NALM‐6. A total of 10 miRNAs were downregulated and 31 were upregulated significantly following TSA treatment. Among TSA‐upregulated miRNAs, MIR22 is an extronic miRNA and resides in the second exon of the non‐coding transcript MGC14376. Upregulation of MIR22 transcription was found in both NALM‐6 cells and primary human ALL malignant cells treated with TSA. Whereas a CpG island was identified within the promoter element of MIR22, no promoter DNA methylation was detected in these cells. In contrast, accumulation of the repressive histone marker H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27triM) was indentified around the transcriptional start point of the gene, which was reduced by TSA treatment. Thus, accumulation of H3K27triM independent of promoter DNA methylation may be a novel epigenetic mechanism for MIR22 silencing in ALL.
Generation and characterisation of Rhd and Rhag null mice
Authors: Goossens Dominique , Trinh‐Trang‐Tan Marie‐Marcelle , Debbia Martine , Ripoche Pierre , Vilela‐Lamego Camilo , Louache Fawzia , Vainchenker William , Colin Yves , Cartron Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2009

SummaryMouse Rhd* and Rhag* genes were targeted using insertional vectors; the resulting knockout mice, and double‐knockout descendants, were analysed. Rhag glycoprotein deficiency entailed defective assembly of the erythroid Rh complex with complete loss of Rh and intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (ICAM‐4), but not CD47, expression. Absence of the Rh protein induced a loss of ICAM‐4, and only a moderate reduction of Rhag expression. Double knockout phenotype was similar to that of Rhag targeted mice. Rhd and Rhag deficient mice exhibited neither the equivalent of human Rhnull haemolytic anaemia nor any clinical or cellular abnormalities. Rhd−/− and Rhag−/− erythrocytes showed decreased basal adhesion to an endothelial cell line resulting from defective ICAM‐4 membrane expression. There was no difference in recovery from phenylhydrazine‐induced haematopoietic stress for double knockout mice as compared to controls, suggesting that ICAM‐4 might be dispensable during stress erythropoiesis. Ammonia and methylammonia transport in erythrocytes was severely impaired in Rhag−/− but only slightly in Rhd−/− animals that significantly expressed Rhag, supporting the view that RhAG and Rhag, but not Rh, may act as ammonium transporters in human and mouse erythrocytes. These knockout mice should prove useful for further dissecting the physiological roles of Rh and Rhag proteins in the red cell membrane.
Antegrade flow and peripheral resistance determine the level of endogenous arteriogenesis in patients with superficial femoral artery occlusion
Authors: Vajanto I. , Korpisalo P. , Karjalainen J. , Hakala T. , Mäkinen K. , Ylä‐Herttuala S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives  Occlusion in a limb artery leads to impaired blood supply and ischaemia. Collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis) is one of the most effective natural response mechanisms to compensate this pathologic situation. However, it is unknown if clinically important features, like poor run‐off, have an impact on compensatory vessel growth.Methods  Study population of this retrospective study consisted of 70 patients who suffered from lower limb ischaemia and underwent bypass surgery because of an occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. Clinical data were collected and pre‐ and postoperative angiograms were reviewed. Number of collateral vessels bypassing the occluded segment was counted. Features of inflow and outflow vessels were recorded.Results  The mean number of collaterals was 13 ± 0·5 per patient. In univariate analysis, short daily walking distance, chronic critical leg ischaemia, low ankle brachial index, low number of patent calf arteries and stenosed inflow arteries predicted low number of collateral arteries. In the multivariate analysis, only the quality of inflow and the number of patent calf vessels demonstrated an independent association (P < 0·05) with the number of collaterals.Conclusions  Ankle‐brachial index, grade of symptoms and daily walking capacity could be used to predict collateral density. Importantly, a good antegrade flow and peripheral runoff seem to have a significant effect on collateral density, implying an impact on the activation of arteriogenesis.
Improvement of a dendritic cell‐based tumour vaccine by an influenza virus
Authors: Sachet M. , Friedl J. , Hassler M. , Ploder M. , Stary G. , Stift A. , Bergmann M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground  Induction of cytotoxic T cells by dendritic cells (DCs) is a promising approach to tumour‐immunotherapy. A standardized effective preparation of DCs remains a challenge for clinical application.Material and methods  We assessed whether influenza A partial NS1 deletion (NS1–124) – or complete NS1 deletion (delNS1) vaccine viruses can be employed to enhance monocyte‐derived dendritic cell (MODC)‐based T‐cell stimulation directed against malignant cells in vitro.Results  Infection of cultures containing human MODCs and CD3+ T cells with NS1 deletion viruses led to an increased induction of type I interferons and IL‐6 compared with infection with wild‐type virus. This correlated with the fact that infection of MODCs with NS1 deletion viruses but not with wild type virus led to stimulation of a cytotoxic T‐cell (CTL) response against the Panc‐1 cells, which were used as cell lysate to prime the MODCs. Moreover, stimulation of MODCs with Panc‐1 tumour cell lysate obtained via lysis with the complete deletion virus delNS1, but not with the partial NS1 deletion virus also enhanced the CTL response against the tumour cells. Induction of function CTL response in those assays correlated with an increased proliferation of CD8+ T cells.Conclusions  The pro‐inflammatory capacity of influenza NS1 deletion vaccine viruses could serve as an adjuvant‐like agent to improve preparations of MODC‐based anti‐cancer vaccines. The complete NS1 deletion virus appears to be more potent as adjuvant when used for production of tumour lysates.
Spontaneous and bleomycin‐induced chromosome damage in non cancer thyroid patients
Authors: Scarpato R. , Tusa I. , Antonelli A. , Fallhai P. , Sbrana I. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground  Presence of chromosome damage in lymphocytes of patients affected by several diseases, including cancer, was detected by the micronucleus (MN) assay. Individual susceptibility to DNA damage, considered as a risk factor for cancer, can be also evaluated using the bleomycin (BLM) sensitivity test.Materials and methods  We aimed to evaluate spontaneous or BLM‐induced MN frequencies in autoimmune (AI, n = 19) and non autoimmune (NAI, n = 11) thyroid patients, not receiving 131I radiometabolic therapy with respect to a control group of 18 healthy subjects. According to thyroid function, patients were also divided into hypothyroid (n = 10), euthyroid (n = 13) or hyperthyroid (n = 7) subjects.Results  Spontaneous MN frequencies of AI and NAI patients did not differ from those of controls. Hypothyroid patients had more elevated MN basal levels (9·00 ± 1·71‰) than hyperthyroid (3·75 ± 1·17‰, P < 0·05) and euthyroid (5·38 ± 0·97‰, P < 0·01) patients or healthy subjects (4·17 ± 0·63‰, P < 0·01). In particular, the hypothyroid AI group showed the highest value (9·79 ± 2·26‰, P < 0·01). All thyroid patients responded differently to BLM than controls (39·90 ± 2·48‰ vs. 31·08 ± 2·51‰, P = 0·0377). The NAI group had BLM‐induced MN levels (45·00 ± 2·56‰) significantly higher (P = 0·0215) than AI patients (36·95 ± 3·49‰) or healthy subjects (31·08 ± 2·51‰). No significant difference was seen when patients were stratified according to autoimmunity.Conclusions  We report that hypothyroid patients exhibit a moderate increase in the level of spontaneous genome damage, and that AI thyroid patients resulted to be less sensitive than NAI patients to the mutagen sensitivity test. In prospective, it may be of interest to reinvestigate hypothyroid patients when correction of their dysfunction is achieved.
Importance of the Straits of Florida spawning ground to Atlantic sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans)
Authors: RICHARDSON DAVID E. , COWEN ROBERT K. , PRINCE ERIC D. , SPONAUGLE Su 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMuch of the uncertainty in managing highly migratory pelagic species results from the scarcity of fisheries‐independent data relevant to determining long‐term trends in abundance, migratory movements, and the relative importance of different spawning grounds. To address these issues, we used an ichthyoplankton‐based method to quantify the overall level of spawning of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) in the Straits of Florida (SF). We estimated that during the 2 years (2003–2004) of the study, 4.60 × 1011sailfish eggs and 4.49 × 1011blue marlin eggs were produced on an annual basis in this region. These egg production values, when combined with estimates of annual fecundity for each species and the most recent stock assessment estimate of total biomass, indicate that about 2.1% of Western Atlantic sailfish spawning and 1.6% of Atlantic‐wide blue marlin spawning occurs in the SF. Additionally, pop‐up satellite tags deployed on sailfish at the start of the spawning season revealed their short residency times in the SF, suggesting that a large (≈13%) transient portion of the sailfish population is responsible for the SF egg production. Overall, this study provides a critically needed fisheries‐independent method of quantifying spatial and temporal trends in the abundance of highly migratory species. The application of this methodology in the SF indicated that above‐average levels of sailfish and blue marlin spawning occur in this area and, possibly more importantly, that the SF is a migratory bottleneck for these species.
Environmental effects on forage and longline fishery performance for albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the American Samoa Exclusive Economic Zone
Authors: DOMOKOS RÉKA 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC) strongly influences the American Samoa Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and changes strength on a seasonal and ENSO cycle. A strong SECC is associated with a predominantly anticyclonic eddy field as well as increased micronekton biomass and catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) for albacore tuna, the economically important target species of the local longline fishery. A strong SECC carries chlorophyll a‐rich waters from upwelling regions at the north coast of New Guinea towards the EEZ, most likely resulting in the observed increase in micronekton biomass, forage for albacore. Relatively stable anticyclonic eddies show a further increase in micronekton biomass, apparently advected from neighboring SECC waters. The presence of forage presumably concentrates albacore, thus resulting in the observed increase in CPUE. High shear regions of neither anticyclonic nor cyclonic eddies correlate with increased micronekton biomass. Areas characterized by South Equatorial Current (SEC) waters correspond to areas with the lowest micronekton biomass and the highest number of aggregative structures, which are most likely small pelagic fish shoals. Micronekton composition in SEC waters differs from that in the SECC. During El Niños, the seasonal signals at the north shore of New Guinea and in the SECC are exceptionally strong and correspond to higher albacore CPUE in the EEZ. My results suggest that the strength of upwelling and the resulting increase in chlorophyll a at New Guinea, as well as the Southern Oscillation Index, could be used to predict the performance of the local longline fishery for albacore tuna in the American Samoa EEZ.