bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A97: Risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy among men using 5α-reductase inhibitors and alpha-blockers
Authors: Murtola Teemu J. , Tammela Teuvo L.J. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) finasteride and dutasteride decrease overall prostate cancer risk, while the proportion of high risk tumors may be increased. We compared risk of biochemical recurrence and mortality after radical prostatectomy between users of 5-ARIs, alpha-blockers and medication non-users
Materials and Methods: A total of men 1,315 men who underwent radical prostatectomy at the Tampere University Hospital during 1995–2009 were included in the study cohort. Post-operatively, men were followed at six month intervals during the first postoperative year and yearly afterwards. Serum PSA was measured at each visit. Biochemical relapse was defined as PSA becoming detectable after the operation. Information on causes of death was obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Data on medication purchases during 1995–2009 was obtained from national prescription database. Cox proportional regression was used to analyze hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of biochemical relapse and death.
Results: A total of 117 men had used finasteride or dutasteride, while 372 had used tamsulosin or alfuzosin. During the follow-up 424 men had a biochemical relapse, while 124 died, of which 22 due to prostate cancer. The median follow-up time until biochemical relapse was 3.17 years and until death 5.08 years. Pathological T-stage and tumor Gleason score among users of either drug group did not significantly vary from non-users. However, 5-ARI and alpha-blocker users had more often local lymph node metastases and positive surgical margins. Prediagnostic PSA, Gleason grade, pathological T-stage and marginal positivity were all independent predictors of biochemical recurrence. Risk of biochemical relapse was comparable to non-users among 5–ARI users (HR 1.38; 95% CI 0.86–2.19), but elevated among alpha-blocker users (HR 1.71; 95% CI 1.31–2.25). However, this risk increase was only observed when alpha-blockers were being used after the surgery. Overall mortality and prostate cancer-specific mortality did not differ by medication usage.
Conclusions: Use of finasteride or dutasteride was not associated with prostate cancer grade in this population, although the users had more often local lymph node metastases and positive surgical margins. Nevertheless, the risk of biochemical recurrence and prostate cancer mortality were not affected by 5-ARI use. Our finding of increased risk of biochemical recurrence among alpha-blocker users likely reflects treatment of symptoms of aggressive prostate cancer with alpha-blockers.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A97.
Abstract A98: The association between coronary artery calcification and colorectal adenomas
Authors: Yang Moon Hee , Cho Juhee , Choi Yoon Ho , Son Hee Jung , Rhee Jong Chul , Sung Jidong 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Colorectal neoplasm and coronary artery disease share several risk factors. Chronic inflammation has been considered to be associated with the pathogenesis of both conditions.
Aims: To determine the association between coronary artery calcification and occurrence of colorectal adenoma.
Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 3,184 subjects who underwent colonoscopy and coronary artery calcium CT on the same day, or within a 3-month interval, during routine check-ups conducted between January 2006 and June 2009 at the Center for Health Promotion of the Samsung Medical Center.
Results: Colorectal adenomas were detected in 1,083 of the 3,184 subjects (34.0%), including 545 (39.9%) individuals with and 538 (29.6%) without coronary calcification (p &lt; 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of coronary artery calcification (odds ratio [OR] 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.54), age &gt;50 years (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.28–1.86), waist circumference of 90–99 cm (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.10–1.84), and current smoking status (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07–1.56), were all independent risk factors for development of colorectal adenoma.
Conclusions: Coronary artery calcium, a marker of coronary artery atherosclerosis, is significantly associated with colorectal adenoma. Further study is needed to establish a common mechanism in development of coronary artery disease and colorectal adenoma. And it may be worthwhile to evaluate the possible role of coronary atherosclerosis as an indicator of future development of colorectal carcinoma.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A98.
Abstract A99: Novel method to aid clinicians and users in choosing smartphone applications for cancer prevention and management
Authors: Passarella Ralph , McKittrick Melissa , Miller Tyler , Anderson Cheryl 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Introduction: As the number of mobile healthcare applications expand, the task of choosing the best one becomes increasingly difficult for users and clinicians. To streamline this process, we developed a novel mobile app characterization tool that allows users and clinicians to make better-informed decisions. We use cancer as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of our classification system.
Methods: Mobile apps were identified by two key methods. First, we searched Apple's App Store and the Android Market for eight key terms. From these hits we included apps that were: (a) cancer-focused, (b) publicly available (c) targeted consumers (d) had a user rating of at least ⅗ and (e) focused on disease prevention, disease diagnosis or disease management. Second, each app was characterized according to 20 relevant features. Non-binomial variables (e.g. cost of the app) were recorded when appropriate. Results: Out of over 1200 mobile cancer apps evaluated, 25 met our inclusion criteria. Of these, only five focused on disease management and only one contained personalized user feedback. The highest scoring application overall, Cancer.net Mobile, only contained 14 of 20 relevant features. Also notably, nine of 25 cancer apps focused exclusively on breast cancer while only one focused on prostate cancer.
Discussion: Thus, our system represents: (1) the first systematic approach to characterizing smartphone mobile apps related to chronic disease, (2) the first clinician and user reference tool to choosing the appropriate cancer app (3) the first systematic approach to identifying areas in need of app development. We aim to apply this system to other chronic diseases, generating a comprehensive guide for clinical decision making for mobile applications.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A99.
Abstract B100: Index-based dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Wu Jennifer W. , Reedy Jill , Park Yikyung 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Because foods and nutrients could have synergistic or antagonistic effects when they are consumed in combination, dietary patterns in relation to diseases are a growing interest. Index-based dietary patterns that are created based on recommended dietary guidelines and Mediterranean Diet Score have been related to lower risk of some diseases. Objectives: We examined Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and Alternative Mediterranean Diet Score (AMED) were associated with breast cancer risk. We also investigated the association by hormone receptor status of breast cancer.
Methods: The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study consisted of 184,932 postmenopausal women aged 50–71 years at baseline and followed them from 1995 to 2006. The scores for each dietary pattern was calculated based on intakes assessed by a 124-items food frequency questionnaire. Cancer cases were ascertained through state cancer registries. Thirty nine percent of breast cancer cases had information on hormone receptor status. Cox Proportional hazard model, with person-years as the underlying time metric, was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential breast cancer risk factors.
Results: During an average nine year follow up, 7,182 incident invasive breast cancer cases were identified. Both HEI and AHEI were inversely associated with risk of breast cancer. Compared with the lowest quintile of HEI, RR for the highest quintile was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84–0.98 p-trend=0.01). RR for the highest quintile of AHEI vs. the lowest was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85–1.00, p-trend=0.04). The AMED was also related to lower risk of breast cancer. Compared with women with low AMED score (0–3), women with high AMED score (7–9) had 10% lowered risk of breast cancer (RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.99, p-trend=0.01). Although it was not statistically significant, the association of index-based dietary patterns with risk of ER− was slightly stronger than those with ER+. RR for the highest quintile of HEI vs. the lowest was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.52–0.95, p-trend=0.12, n=459 cases) for ER− breast cancer and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.83–1.09, p-trend=0.30, n=2,322 cases) for ER+ breast cancer. In contrast, the highest AMED score vs. the lowest was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.73–1.03, p-trend=0.16) for ER+ and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.62–1.31, p-trend=0.26) for ER− cases.
Conclusion: Dietary patterns based on Dietary Guidelines for Americans or Mediterranean diet were related to a lower risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B100.
Abstract B108: Reexamination of total fluid intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study cohort
Authors: Zhou Jiachen , Smith Scott , Giovannucci Edward , Michaud Dominique 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
It has been hypothesized that high fluid intake may reduce contact time between carcinogens and bladder epithelial and consequently reduce carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies examining fluid intake and bladder cancer have been extremely inconsistent, ranging from strong inverse to strong positive associations. We reevaluated the association between fluid intake and bladder cancer among 47,909 participants in the prospective Health Professionals Follow-up Study over a period of 23 years. 823 incident bladder cancer cases were diagnosed during follow-up (1986–2008). Information on fluid intake was collected using the food-frequency questionnaire at the baseline and every four years thereafter. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to adjust for risk factors for bladder cancer. Total fluid intake was inversely associated with bladder cancer when the analysis was based on the baseline diet (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60–0.97, comparing the highest total daily fluid intake quintile (&gt;2531 ml per day) to the lowest quintile (&lt;1290 ml per day, p-trend = 0.01). However, no association was detected when the analysis was based on recent diet or cumulative updated diet. The updated analysis for total fluid intake and bladder cancer was attenuated compared to the original findings from the first 10-year follow-up period.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B108.
Abstract B11: Routine use of a screening questionnaire improves detection of individuals that may be at risk of hereditary cancer
Authors: Koeneman Margot , Kruse Arnold-Jan , Gomez-Garcia Encarna , Gubbels Cynthia , Sep Simone , Slangen Brigitte , van Beekhuizen Heleen , Van Gorp Toon , Kruitwagen Roy 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Approximately 10% of all cancers are caused by a strong genetic predisposition. Identifying those individuals at genetic risk for cancer is important for proper care for prevention. Guidelines exist for appropriate referral of individuals to Cancer Genetic Services (CGS), based on family and personal medical history criteria. However, only a minority of individuals at risk for cancer predisposition are recognized either by the patients' health care providers or the patients themselves. This may be due to a suboptimal family and personal medical history taken by their health care providers. Purpose: To evaluate whether the routine use of a screening questionnaire about personal and family medical history improves the detection of individuals that may be at risk of hereditary cancer of the breasts, ovaries and/or uterus.
Methods: This pilot study was performed at the gynaecology outpatient clinic. The usual care (or common practice) referral rate to CGS, based on unstandardized anamnesis of family and personal medical history, was determined retrospectively between May 1, 2009 and April 30, 2010. Prospectively, the health care providers were asked to complete a questionnaire based hereditary cancer-risk screening tool for each new patient between June 1, 2011, and July 15, 2011. This screening tool was based on national and international guidelines, and provided a first global risk assessment of cancer predisposition. Individuals estimated to have an increased risk, were scheduled for a telephone consultation, in which a more detailed family and personal medical history was obtained to assess hereditary risk, and indication for CGS referral. Differences in proportions between groups were tested by the chi-square test.
Results: In the usual care arm, 8 of the 8630 patients (0,09%) who attended the gynaecology outpatient clinic had been referred to CGS. In the prospective arm, 500 screening questionnaires were handed out of which 203 (41%) were completed by the same health care providers. Results showed that fourteen of the patients (6.9%) who fulfilled criteria for referral, already had previous genetic counselling. Twenty-four additional telephone consultations (11.8%) were conducted, from which in five patients (2.5%) CGS referral was indicated. Referral rates differed significantly (p&lt;0.001) between the usual care (without screening questionnaires) and prospective (with screening questionnaires) arms.
Conclusion: The routine use of a screening questionnaire improves significantly the detection and referral rate to CGS, based on consensus criteria, of individuals that may be at risk of hereditary cancer of the breast, ovaries, and/or uterus, and may benefit from professional genetic counselling and testing.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B11.
Abstract B110: Polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes, intakes of heterocyclic amines and red meat, and postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Lee Hae-Jeung , Wu Kana , Cox David G. , Hunter David , Hankinson Susan E. , Willett Walter C. , Sinha Rashmi , Cho Eunyoung 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are mutagenic compounds generated when meats are cooked at high temperature and for long duration. Evidence from animal studies has pointed towards a possible role of HCAs in breast carcinogenesis. However, findings from previous studies on HCAs and breast cancer are inconsistent, possibly due to genetic variations in the enzymes metabolizing HCAs.
Methods: To evaluate whether the associations of intakes of estimated HCAs, meat-derived mutagenicity (MDM), and red meat with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer were modified by N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT 2) acetylator genotype or cytochrome P450 1A2 −164 A/C (CYP1A2) polymorphism, we conducted a nested case-control study with 579 cases and 981 controls within a prospective cohort, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). HCAs and MDM intakes were derived using a cooking method questionnaire administered in 1996.
Results: NAT2 acetylator genotype, the CYP1A2 polymorphism, and intakes of HCAs, MDM, and red meat were not associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. There was also no interaction between NAT2 acetylator genotype and HCAs and MDM and red meat intake in relation to breast cancer. There was no interaction between the CYP1A2 genotype and HCAs and MDM and red meat intake in relation to breast cancer.
Conclusion: These results do not support the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic enzymes involved in the metabolism of HCAs may modify the associations between intakes of red meat or meat-related mutagens and risk of breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B110.
Abstract B33: Cancer survivors as messengers
Authors: Eisinger François , Viguier Jérôme , Pivot Xavier , Blay Jean-Yves , Coscas Yvan , Roussel Claire , Morère Jean-François 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Using data from the iterative EDIFICE surveys carried out in France on cancer screening behaviours in the general population, survivors were asked whether they had or not urged their relatives or friends to undergo cancer screening tests. Among our representative sample of 1564 individuals, aged 40–74 years old, 110 were cancer survivors (7%). Among the survivors, 76 (69%) declared having made positive advices for cancer screening. Interestingly 6% (7 survivors out of 110) declared that following their intervention, a cancer was found in friends or relatives after a screening test. Since there are currently 2 000 000 survivors living in France, one could consider that more than 84 000 cancers have been discovered after survivors had urged friends and/or relatives to undergo a cancer screening.
For colorectal cancer, attendance rate for screening is only about 40% of the targeted population. For a screening test like FOBT, the tumour detection rate is close to 1.25% of tested individuals. If 50% of current survivors could convince one reluctant person to undergo a screening test, every other year, then 12 500 colorectal tumours could be detected at an early stage.
Stories and personal communication are by far more effective than mass media campaign in risk management communication. For survivors who wish to be involved in cancer control, it could be hypothesized that their efficiency and impact could even be increased using inexpensive process and tools such as, communication aids such as flyers (facts and data) and/or training. The increasing number of survivors and their strong commitment could be used to convey preventive counselling and advices on cancer screening, particularly for colorectal cancer which is still underperformed.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B33.
Abstract B37: Ethnic differences in smoking rate, nicotine dependence, and cessation-related variables among adult smokers in Hawaii
Authors: Herzog Thaddeus A. , Pokhrel Pallav , Kawamoto Crissy T. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Introduction: This study tests hypotheses concerning ethnic disparities in daily cigarette smoking rate, nicotine dependence, cessation motivation, and knowledge and past use of cessation methods (e.g., counseling) and products (e.g., nicotine patch) in a multi-ethnic sample of smokers in Hawaii. Previous research has revealed significant differences in smoking prevalence among Native Hawaiians, Filipinos, Japanese, and Caucasians in Hawaii. However, no study has examined differences in dependence and cessation-related knowledge and practices among smokers representing these ethnic groups.
Methods: Participants were recruited through newspaper advertisement as part of a larger smoking cessation intervention study. Participants (N=919; M age=45.6, SD=12.7; 48% female) eligible to participate provided self-report data through mail and telephone. Subjects included 271 self-identified Native Hawaiians, 63 Filipinos, 316 Caucasians, 145 “Asians” (e.g., Japanese, Chinese), and 124 “Other” (e.g., Hispanic, African-American).
Results: Pair-wise comparisons of means, controlling for age, gender, income, education, and marital status, indicated that Native Hawaiian smokers reported statistically significantly higher daily smoking rates and higher levels of nicotine dependence compared to Asians. Native Hawaiian smokers reported significantly lower motivation to quit smoking as compared to Caucasians. Further, Filipino, and Native Hawaiian smokers reported lesser knowledge of cessation methods and products, and less frequent use of these methods and products compared to Caucasians.
Conclusions: The results suggest that Native Hawaiian and Filipino smokers could be under-served with regard to receiving cessation-related advice, and may lack adequate access to smoking cessation products and services. In addition, cessation interventions tailored for Native Hawaiian smokers could benefit from a motivational enhancement component.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B37.
Abstract B48: Inhibition of recurrence of craniopharyngiomas with imatinib mesylate-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres
Authors: Avsar Timucin , Akgun Emel , Yılmaz Oksan Karal , Küküt Manolya , Baysal Kemal , Bayir Yasar , Seker Askın , Kilic Turker 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Recurrence is highly seen in craniopharyngiomas. Due to their close proximity to the vital structures, gross-total resection, which is thought to be the major determinant of the recurrence, is not always possible for craniopharyngiomas. So, post-operative long-term effective therapy approaches are needed to prevent the recurrence. Besides, our recent studies showed that there is a positive correlation between the recurrence and angiogenic potential of craniopharyngioma through over activation of PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) signaling pathway.
Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of local, long-term delivery of imatinib mesylate (PDGFR-B blocker) on recurrence of adult craniopharyngiomas via PLGA-type biodegradable microspheres.
Methods: Imatinib mesylate containing PLGA polymers composed of different lactic/glycolic acid concentrations, molecular weights and drug compositions were synthesized by modified double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique. After in vitro characterization of protein holding, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency and drug release kinetics, inhibitory potential of microspheres on neovascularization was tested on craniopharyngioma tumor samples implanted in rat cornea.
Results: Imatinib containing PLGA microspheres in different LA:GA ratios (LA:GA, 50:50 (M38); 75:25(M70); 85:15(M71)) considerably reduced the neovascularization induced by recurrent tumor samples in an in vivo rat cornea angiogenesis model, p&lt;0,01.
Conclusion: Long-term, local delivery of imatinib mesylate to the post-surgical tumoral cavity using biodegradable microspheres is promising approach to prevent the recurrence of craniopharyngiomas.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B48.