bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the suitability of highly cross‐linked and remelted materials for use in posterior stabilized knees
Authors: Huot J. Caitlin , Van Citters Douglas W. , Currier John H. , Currier Barbara H. , Mayor Michael B. , Collier John P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPosterior stabilized (PS) knee designs are a popular choice for cruciate sacrificing knee arthroplasty procedures. The introduction of PS inserts fabricated from highly cross‐linked and remelted Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) has recently generated concern as these materials have been shown to possess reduced mechanical properties. This study investigated whether highly cross‐linked and remelted UHMWPE material (referred to as XRP) can be expected to perform similarly to historical gamma‐air polyethylene, which has suffered few reported incidences of tibial post failure. Never‐implanted gamma‐air PS tibial inserts shelf‐aged 14 years were examined and compared to XRP materials. Evaluation of oxidation levels, impact toughness, and fatigue strength demonstrated never‐implanted gamma‐air PS tibial inserts to possess nonuniform mechanical properties. Despite severe oxidation along the exterior of gamma‐air tibial posts, comparatively low oxidation levels at the center of the tibial posts corresponded to sufficiently high mechanical properties. XRP material (75 kGy) showed superior impact toughness over shelf aged gamma‐air material; however, tibial post fatigue testing demonstrated XRP material (100 kGy) to be less resistant to fatigue failure than historical gamma‐air material. Results from this study indicate that XRP materials (100 kGy) may demonstrate an inferior resistance to tibial post failure than historical polyethylene. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Thermochemical stabilities, electronic structures, and optical properties of C56X10 (X = H, F, and Cl) fullerene compounds
Authors: Tang Shu‐Wei , Feng Jing‐Dong , Qiu Yong‐Qing , Sun Hao , Wang Feng‐Di , Su Zhong‐Min , Chang Ying‐Fei , Wang Rong‐Shun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStimulated by the recent isolation and characterization of C56Cl10 chlorofullerene (Tan et al., J Am Chem Soc 2008, 130, 15240), we perform a systematic study on the geometrical structures, thermochemistry, and electronic and optical properties of C56X10 (X = H, F, and Cl) on the basis of density functional theory (DFT). Compared with pristine C56, the equatorial carbon atoms in C56X10 are saturated by X atoms and change to sp3 hybridization to release the large local strains. The addition reactions C56 + 5X2 → C56X10 are highly exothermic, and the optimal temperature for synthesizing C56X10 should be ranged between 500 and 1000 K. By combining 10 X atoms at the abutting pentagon vertexes and active sites, C56X10 molecules exhibit large energy gaps between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (from 2.84 to 3.00 eV), showing high chemical stabilities. The C56F10 and C56Cl10 could be excellent electron acceptors for potential photonic/photovoltaic applications in consequence of their large vertical electron affinities. The density of states is also calculated, which suggest that the frontier molecular orbitals of C56X10 are mainly from the carbon orbitals of two separate annulene subunits, and the contributions derived from X atoms are secondary. In addition, the ultraviolet–visible spectra and second‐order hyperpolarizabilities of C56X10 are calculated by means of time‐dependent DFT and finite field approach, respectively. Both the average static linear polarizability 〈α〉 and second‐order hyperpolarizability 〈γ〉 of these compounds are larger than those of C60 due to lower symmetric structures and high delocalization of π electron density on the two separate annulene subunits. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
In‐plane deformations of the heme group in native and nonnative oxidized cytochrome c probed by resonance Raman dispersion spectroscopy
Authors: Alessi Maria , Hagarman Andrew M. , Soffer Jonathan B. , Schweitzer‐Stenner Reinhard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe determined the dispersion of the depolarization ratio (DPR) of several Raman bands of ferricytochrome c at different pH values using low‐ionic‐strength conditions. The experimental data predominantly cover the pre‐resonance and resonance region of Q‐band excitation. The selected pH values 7.5, 9.0, 10.0 and 11.0 correspond to the conformational states III, III*, IV, and V of the protein. While the existence of the states III, IV, and V is known for nearly 70 years, the nativelike state III* has only recently been obtained from optical measurements at low ionic strength [D. Verbaro, A. Hagarman, J. B. Soffer and R. Schweitzer‐Stenner, Biochemistry, 48, 2990, 2009]. We used group‐theoretical arguments to obtain in‐plane symmetry‐lowering deformations from the obtained DPRs of various Raman bands in the high‐wavenumber region of the obtained spectra. Thus, we found that a comparatively strong rhombic deformation along the B1g mode, ν18, is maintained at all pH values investigated. It most likely arises from static Jahn‐Teller distortion of the E‐symmetry ground state. While this distortion depends on the existence of a strong sixth ligand, its occurrence is rather independent of the nature of this ligand as long as a low‐spin configuration is maintained. The III → III* transition was found to modify A1g‐type perturbations of the heme macrocycle. This is likely to reflect a decrease in nonplanar distortions such as ruffling and saddling. This drop in nonplanarity is slightly reversed by the subsequent transitions into states IV and V. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the Q‐band region suggest that the III → III* transition reduces the electronic contribution to the Q‐band splitting, which could reflect either a weakening or a reorientation of the internal electric field in the heme pocket. Our results underscore the relevance of state III* as a thermodynamic intermediate of the alkaline transition between states III and IV. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship of protein tyrosine phosphorylation state with tolerance to frozen storage and the potential to undergo cyclic AMP‐dependent hyperactivation in the spermatozoa of Japanese Black bulls
Authors: Harayama Hiroshi , Nishijima Kazuhiro , Murase Tetsuma , Sakase Mitsuhiro , Fukushima Moriyuki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between protein tyrosine phosphorylation state and sperm characteristics in frozen‐stored spermatozoa of Japanese Black bulls. The spermatozoa were washed with PBS containing polyvinyl alcohol and then incubated with cell‐permeable cAMP analog cBiMPS to induce flagellar hyperactivation. Before and after incubation, the spermatozoa were used for immunodetection of tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins, assessment of morphological acrosome condition and evaluation of motility. In bulls whose frozen‐stored spermatozoa were classified as having a high‐grade acrosome condition before incubation, sperm tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins, including the 33‐kDa tyrosine‐phosphorylated SPACA1 protein, were localized in the anterior region of the acrosome and equatorial subsegment. The immunodetection level of the 41‐ and 33‐kDa sperm tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins in the Western blots and the immunofluorescence of tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins and SPACA1 proteins in the anterior region of the sperm acrosome were lower in bulls whose frozen‐stored sperm were classified as having a low‐grade acrosome condition. On the other hand, after incubation with cBiMPS, immunodetection levels of at least 10 tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins increased in the connecting and principal pieces of spermatozoa, coincident with the induction of flagellar hyperactivation. Many of the spermatozoa also exhibited detection patterns similar to those of boar hyperactivated spermatozoa. These results are consistent with the suggestion that immunodetection levels of tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins are valid markers that can predict the level of tolerance to frozen storage and the potential to undergo cAMP‐dependent hyperactivation for the spermatozoa of individual Japanese Black bulls. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77:910–921, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorine (19F) MRS and MRI in biomedicine
Authors: Ruiz‐Cabello Jesús , Barnett Brad P. , Bottomley Paul A. , Bulte Jeff W.M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractShortly after the introduction of 1H MRI, fluorinated molecules were tested as MR‐detectable tracers or contrast agents. Many fluorinated compounds, which are nontoxic and chemically inert, are now being used in a broad range of biomedical applications, including anesthetics, chemotherapeutic agents, and molecules with high oxygen solubility for respiration and blood substitution. These compounds can be monitored by fluorine (19F) MRI and/or MRS, providing a noninvasive means to interrogate associated functions in biological systems. As a result of the lack of endogenous fluorine in living organisms, 19F MRI of ‘hotspots’ of targeted fluorinated contrast agents has recently opened up new research avenues in molecular and cellular imaging. This includes the specific targeting and imaging of cellular surface epitopes, as well as MRI cell tracking of endogenous macrophages, injected immune cells and stem cell transplants. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis cases found in Joseon Dynasty Human Sample Collection of Korea
Authors: Kim M. J. , Lee I. S. , Kim Y.‐S. , Oh C. S. , Park J. B. , Shin M. H. , Shin D. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDiffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a disorder showing hyperostosis of the spinal column and ossification of extraspinal ligaments or tendons. The prevalence of DISH has been found to be higher in historic peoples of the upper‐ and ruling classes, and in fact was closely correlative with nutritional and high‐caloric diets. DISH is also known to be a function of genetic factors; as such, there have been very few cases of DISH found among the specimens of Asian skeletal collections. In our osteoarchaeological study on the Joseon Dynasty Human Sample Collection (JDHSC), we found four DISH instances among the 96 cases (4.17%) we examined. This prevalence is not so different from those discovered in already‐published studies on collections in Europe and other regions. However, as already stated, it must be considered that most of the JDHSC individuals we examined were remains of people from the highest social classes of 16th–18th century Joseon society. Therefore, when collections from medieval European monastic sites, the appropriate control from well‐fed populations, were used for comparison, the prevalence of DISH was found to be far lower among the JDHSC. Reports on DISH from examinations of collections in Asian countries have been spotty, leaving gaps in the social‐strata spectrum. Further researches into the prevalence of DISH among the different social strata of ancient or medieval Asian peoples are still required. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is antibiotic use a risk factor for breast cancer? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sergentanis Theodoros N. , Zagouri Flora , Zografos George C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurposeBreast cancer is a disease integrating hormonal and non‐hormonal factors. Given the widespread antibiotic use, attention has been recently drawn upon the association between antibiotic use and breast cancer; however, the published studies have yielded contradictory results. In addition, various types of quantification in antibiotic use have been adopted. This meta‐analysis aims to examine whether antibiotic use is associated with breast cancer risk presenting two analyses: one on antibiotic ever‐use and one on the number of antibiotic prescriptions.MethodsEligible studies were retrieved by a search in MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases till July 2009. Odds ratios (OR) pertaining to antibiotic ever‐use were appropriately calculated. The random effects model was used to estimate the pooled OR. Publication bias was assessed through Begg's and Egger's tests. Meta‐regression with the number of antibiotic prescriptions was performed.ResultsFive case–control studies were eligible at the ever‐use versus never‐use analysis (13 069 cases and 73 920 controls). Antibiotic ever‐use was associated with slightly elevated breast cancer risk (pooled OR = 1.175, 95%CI: 0.994–1.387). No publication bias became apparent. Meta‐regression showed a borderline dose–response effect implicating the number of antibiotic prescriptions.ConclusionsAntibiotic use seems associated with slightly elevated breast cancer risk. The underlying nature of the association remains elusive, as it may be direct or due to secondary associations, that is, causal or confounding. At any case, this is a finding with potentially important public health implications, which should be further examined in the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of hyperkalemia associated with selective COX‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Aljadhey Hisham , Tu Wanzhu , Hansen Richard A. , Blalock Susan , Brater D. Craig , Murray Michael D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundSelective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors have been linked to cardiac death. The mechanism for this adverse effect appears to be by ischemic insult; however another mechanism could involve hyperkalemia. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of selective COX‐2 inhibitors and non‐selective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on serum potassium concentration and the electrocardiogram.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using propensity score matching of patients from an inner‐city academic medical center at Indianapolis, Indiana. Two hundred and two patients prescribed selective COX‐2 inhibitors were matched to 202 patients prescribed non‐selective NSAIDs using propensity scores methods. Outcomes included change in serum potassium concentration from baseline and the risk of an abnormal electrocardiogram.ResultsCompared to patients prescribed non‐selective NSAIDs, those prescribed a selective COX‐2 inhibitor had a higher risk of serum potassium increase greater than 5 mEq/L (OR, 2.56; 95%CI, 1.03–6.36). However, patients prescribed selective COX‐2 inhibitors had no greater risk of electrocardiogram abnormality (OR, 1.16; 95%CI, 0.74–1.82).ConclusionsSelective COX‐2 inhibitors may have a greater risk of hyperkalemia than non‐selective NSAIDs. This study was exploratory with small numbers of patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and any association with cardiovascular events. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic structure of Mg studied by Compton scattering
Authors: Kontrym‐Sznajd Grażyna , Samsel‐Czekała Małgorzata , Pylak Maciej , Dobrzyński Ludwik , Brancewicz Marek , Andrejczuk Andrzej , Żukowski Eugeniusz , Kaprzyk Stanisław 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe electronic structure of divalent hexagonal close packed Mg is investigated by means of the high‐resolution Compton scattering. Two‐dimensional (2D) electron momentum densities are reconstructed using their line integrals, derived from the plane integrals of three‐dimensional (3D) electron momentum densities measured directly in the Compton experiment. The analysis is performed both in the extended and reduced zone schemes. The results are compared with corresponding densities calculated within Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker in the local density approximation (KKR‐LDA) band structure theory and electron–positron densities measured in the angular correlation of annihilation radiation (ACAR) experiment.
Evading metal adduct formation during desorption‐ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Chan Chang‐Ching , Bolgar Mark S. , Miller Scott A. , Attygalle Athula B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn investigation into the propensity of metal adduct formation in the recently developed Desorption Ionization by Charge Exchange (DICE) mass spectrometric technique has demonstrated that this method could be utilized to minimize spectral complications caused by metal adducts. For example, peaks for sodium and other metal adducts were not observed in the mass spectra acquired by the ambient‐pressure DICE technique from samples deposited on a solid surface, even after the salt content of samples was deliberately increased. A mass spectrum recorded from a urine sample by this technique showed peaks only for the proton adducts of urea and creatinine. This technique employs a nebulized spray of charged toluene droplets for analyte desorption. Because of the non‐polar nature of the spray reagent, it neither contains any appreciable amount of cations nor provides any favored ‘pickup’ of metal cations from the sample matrix. Consequently, peaks for metal adducts that are commonly observed with other desorption techniques are minimal or absent in the spectra recorded by the DICE method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic flow modelling of riverine amphibian habitat with application to regulated flow management
Authors: Yarnell S. M. , Lind A. J. , Mount J. F. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn regulated rivers, relicensing of hydropower projects can provide an opportunity to change flow regimes and reduce negative effects on sensitive aquatic biota. The volume of flow, timing and ramping rate of spring spills, and magnitude of aseasonal pulsed flows have potentially negative effects on the early life stages of amphibians, such as the Foothill yellow‐legged frog (Rana boylii). Two‐dimensional hydrodynamic modeling is one method to evaluate potential effects of flow variation on frog egg masses and tadpoles. We explored the usefulness of this technique by modeling habitat suitability under several pulsed flow scenarios in two river reaches in northern California, USA. We conducted analyses beyond simple weighted usable area calculations, such as quantifying the risk of scour or stranding, in order to quantify potential loss under different flow scenarios. The modeling results provided information on potential susceptibility to flow fluctuations as well as the influence of channel morphology on habitat suitability. Under each flow scenario, low percentages of suitable habitat remained suitable or were ‘buffered’ from the pulse, creating high potential for scour of egg masses or tadpoles. However, due to differences in channel morphologies, the wide, shallow study site provided 2‐3 times the buffering capacity of the entrenched study site.Additional analyses suggested that limited buffering capacity and lack of connectivity between suitable egg mass and tadpole habitats may explain why some hydraulically suitable habitats are unoccupied. This type of model‐based analysis would be useful for managing foothill yellow‐legged frogs or similar aquatic species in regulated river systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smoothed analysis of balancing networks
Authors: Friedrich Tobias , Sauerwald Thomas , Vilenchik Dan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn a balancing network each processor has an initial collection of unit‐size jobs (tokens) and in each round, pairs of processors connected by balancers split their load as evenly as possible. An excess token (if any) is placed according to some predefined rule. As it turns out, this rule crucially affects the performance of the network. In this work we propose a model that studies this effect. We suggest a model bridging the uniformly‐random assignment rule, and the arbitrary one (in the spirit of smoothed‐analysis). We start with an arbitrary assignment of balancer directions and then flip each assignment with probability α independently. For a large class of balancing networks our result implies that after
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rounds the discrepancy is
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with high probability. This matches and generalizes known upper bounds for α = 0 and α = 1/2. We also show that a natural network matches the upper bound for any α. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 39, 115–138, 2011
Anatomy of a young giant component in the random graph
Authors: Ding Jian , Kim Jeong Han , Lubetzky Eyal , Peres Yuval 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe provide a complete description of the giant component of the Erdős‐Rényi random graph
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as soon as it emerges from the scaling window, i.e., for p = (1+ε)/n where ε3n →∞ and ε = o(1). Our description is particularly simple for ε = o(n‐1/4), where the giant component
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is contiguous with the following model (i.e., every graph property that holds with high probability for this model also holds w.h.p. for
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). Let Z be normal with mean
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and variance ε3n, and let
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be a random 3‐regular graph on
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vertices. Replace each edge of
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by a path, where the path lengths are i.i.d. geometric with mean 1/ε. Finally, attach an independent Poisson( 1‐ε )‐Galton‐Watson tree to each vertex. A similar picture is obtained for larger ε = o(1), in which case the random 3‐regular graph is replaced by a random graph with Nk vertices of degree k for k ≥ 3, where Nk has mean and variance of order εkn. This description enables us to determine fundamental characteristics of the supercritical random graph. Namely, we can infer the asymptotics of the diameter of the giant component for any rate of decay of ε, as well as the mixing time of the random walk on
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}{\mathcal{C}_1}\end{align*} \end{document}. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 39, 139–178, 2011