bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing Carrier Diffusion in Cs‐Doping FAPbI3 Perovskite Thin Films Using Transient Absorption Microscopy
Authors: Xie Junhan , Zhou Wei , Li Haozheng , Wang Ziyu , Jiang Jiaming , Zhang Yile , Shen Xiaoqin , Ning Zhijun , Liu Weimin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe determination of the semiconducting materials performance heavily relies on the diffusion coefficient and length of the carrier. Recently, significant progress is made in enhancing solar cell efficiency through improved carrier diffusion in perovskite thin films. However, the spatial‐temporal mechanisms underlying carrier transport remain unclear. Recent advancements in utilizing transient absorption microscopy (TAM) offer promising opportunities to directly visualize the carrier transport dynamics within perovskite films. Here, the wide‐field imaging TAM combined with X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy is employed to investigate the spatial‐temporal carrier transport dynamics in FA1−xCsxPbI3 perovskites with varying Cs doping ratios. The experimental results indicate that the diffusion constant remains consistent regardless of the excitation power. Moreover, a decrease in the Cs doping ratio leads to an increase in the diffusion length within FA1−xCsxPbI3 perovskites. The measurements reveal a highest diffusion coefficient of up to 0.085 cm2 s−1 and a maximum diffusion length of ≈1.4 µm in FA0.97Cs0.03PbI3. Comparative analysis of short‐circuit current density, open‐circuit voltage, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency demonstrates that FA0.97Cs0.03PbI3 exhibits superior device efficiency. The TAM visualizes spatial/ temporal carrier diffusion dynamics, showing a significant correlation with device efficiency and thus providing valuable insights for further enhancing device performance.
Optical Force Sensor Based on Plasmon Modulated Upconversion Luminescence
Authors: Corbella Bagot Conrad , Ba Tis Taleb , Xu Bo , Sabo Cobi , Rappeport Eric , Park Wounjhang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel force sensor exploiting the interaction between plasmonic nanostructures and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is reported. The nanosensor is composed of a gold nanodisk and UCNPs separated by a flexible polymer layer. The gold nanodisk is designed to exhibit a plasmon resonance that selectively enhances one of the emission bands of the UCNPs while leaving the other ones largely unaffected. As the nanosensor is compressed or stretched by an external force, the polymer layer thickness changes, modulating the plasmon‐UCNP coupling. The resulting changes in the luminescence intensity provide the basis for sensing. Furthermore, the nanosensor employs ratiometric sensing, which makes it highly robust against any environmental variations. The nanosensors exhibit two orders of magnitude higher responsivity than previously reported UCNP‐based force sensors. They can be prepared as an on‐chip sensor array or in a colloidal solution, making them suitable for a variety of applications in biology and robotics.
Tissue Tension and Strain as Indicators of Suction‐mediated Cutaneous DNA Transfection: A Parametric Study
Authors: Jhumur Nandita Chakrabarty , Lallow Emran O. , Nachtigal Catherine J. , Yeo Dahee , Kwon Ijoo , Park Young K. , Roberts Christine C. , Zahn Jeffrey D. , Shreiber David I. , Shan Jerry W. , Singer Jonathan P. , Maslow Joel N. , Lin Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCutaneous suction‐based transfection is a recently developed technique that is painless and simple‐to‐use for the delivery of DNA for nucleic‐acid‐based vaccines. The technique promises high efficiency for both antigen expression and immunogenicity as demonstrated in both animal studies and human clinical trials. To realize this promise, a parametric study and systematic evaluation of the efficacy of cutaneous suction as a transfection method is performed. Using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) plasmid expression as a transfection reporter in a rat model, the expression level as a function of both suction nozzle size and suction pressure is quantified. A numerical model is employed to compute skin deformation in terms of strain, which is used to correlate with GFP expression. Based on these results, two quantities, integrated total strain and tissue tension, are proposed as indicators of expression level that can be used to guide protocol development and optimization. These indicators are also discussed in relation to possible cellular uptake mechanisms.
Pseudocapacitance Facilitates the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Velasco‐Vélez Juan‐Jesús , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Roldan‐Cuenya Beatriz , Schlögl Robert , Jones Travis E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 to value‐added products is a promising strategy for CO2 reuse, where copper has a unique ability to produce oxygenates and C2+ products. Unfortunately, the electronic factors making copper so unique are unknown, which limits the ability to design improved catalysts. By combining in situ surface‐sensitive X‐ray resonant photoelectron spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations, the complex electronic structure of copper is uncovered during the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. It is found that the pseudocapacitive charging of copper, produced by the incorporation of protons and electrons into the subsurface, facilitates the activation of CO2, while simultaneously increasing the barrier for H‐H coupling. The net result is that cathodic pseudocapacitive charge suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction and promotes the production of hydrocarbons and oxygenated products on copper. These results represent a new paradigm in the understanding of CO2 reduction, highlighting the key role of pseudocapacitive charge in the reaction.
Atomic Engineering of 3D Self‐Supported Bifunctional Oxygen Electrodes for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries and Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Poudel Milan Babu , Balanay Mannix P. , Lohani Prakash Chandra , Sekar Karthikeyan , Yoo Dong Jin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are cornerstone half reactions involved in many renewable energy technologies. High‐density single‐atom catalysts maximize the atom utilization and isolated active sites. Furthermore, introduction of pyri‐N into the carbon‐based nanostructures as an oxygen electrocatalyst creates an abundance of active sites. Here, an innovative strategy is reported based on atomic scale dispersion of Co atoms into the pyri‐N enriched carbon nanotube encapsulated Ni nanoparticles grown on 3D electrospun carbon nanofiber nano‐assemblies. Notably, the CoSANi‐NCNT/CNF electrocatalyst exhibited excellent OER and ORR activity in terms of low overpotentials and higher half‐wave potentials. The atomically distributed Co allows the maximum exposure of active sites on the pyri‐N dominated multidimensional carbon skeleton, and synergistic effects with Ni nanoparticles greatly reduced the delocalization around the metal centers and provided an ideal environment for interactions with oxygen intermediates, thus facilitating the 4e− pathway, as evidenced by the DFT calculations. Moreover, Zn‐air batteries using a CoSANi‐NCNT/CNF air cathode exhibited a high‐power density and admirable specific capacity. This studies may provide an avenue for the rational modulation of single‐atom catalysts and cost‐effective, large‐scale synthesis of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn‐air batteries and anion exchange membrane fuel cell.
Photoelectrocatalytic Synthesis of Urea from Carbon Dioxide and Nitrate over a Cu2O Photocathode
Authors: Li Min , Shi Qiujin , Li Zhenhua , Xu Ming , Yu Shixin , Wang Ye , Xu Si‐Min , Duan Haohong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransformation of carbon dioxide and nitrate ions into urea offers an attractive route for both nitrogen fertilizer production and environmental remediation. However, achieving this transformation under mild conditions remains challenging. Herein, we report an efficient photoelectrochemical method for urea synthesis by co‐reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrate ion over a Cu2O photocathode, delivering urea formation rate of 29.71±2.20 μmol g−1 h−1 and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 12.90±1.15 % at low external potential (−0.017 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). Experimental data combined with theoretical calculations suggest that the adsorbed CO* and NO2* species are the key intermediates, and associated C−N coupling is the rate‐determining step. This work demonstrates that Cu2O is an efficient catalyst to drive co‐reduction of CO2 and NO3− to urea under light irradiation with low external potential, showing great opportunity of photoelectrocatalysis as a sustainable tool for value‐added chemical synthesis.
Biomimetic Charge‐Neutral Anion Receptors for Reversible Binding and Release of Highly Hydrated Phosphate in Water
Authors: He Maolin , Yao Yuhang , Yang Zihe , Li Boyang , Wang Ji , Wang Yanchao , Kong Yu , Zhou Zihan , Zhao Wei , Yang Xiao‐Juan , Tang Juan , Wu Biao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractControl of phosphate capture and release is vital in environmental, biological, and pharmaceutical contexts. However, the binding of trivalent phosphate (PO43−) in water is exceptionally difficult due to its high hydration energy. Based on the anion coordination chemistry of phosphate, in this study, four charge‐neutral tripodal hexaurea receptors (L1–L4), which were equipped with morpholine and polyethylene glycol terminal groups to enhance their solubility in water, were synthesized to enable the pH‐triggered phosphate binding and release in aqueous solutions. Encouragingly, the receptors were found to bind PO43− anion in a 1 : 1 ratio via hydrogen bonds in 100 % water solutions, with L1 exhibiting the highest binding constant (1.2×103 M−1). These represent the first neutral anion ligands to bind phosphate in 100 % water and demonstrate the potential for phosphate capture and release in water through pH‐triggered mechanisms, mimicking native phosphate binding proteins. Furthermore, L1 can also bind multiple bioavailable phosphate species, which may serve as model systems for probing and modulating phosphate homeostasis in biological and biomedical researches.
Clinical Issues — June 2024
Authors: Hanks Tammy , Wright Renae 
Published: May 2024

THIS MONTH
Addressing pediatric perioperative anxiety
Key words: pediatric patient, anxiety, parental presence, stress‐diversion activities, anxiolytic medications.
Using acupressure to reduce perioperative anxiety in children
Key words: acupressure, anxiety, pediatric patient, complementary care interventions, acupressure wristband.
Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric surgical patients
Key words: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), pediatric patient, adenotonsillectomy, screening tool, polysomnography.
Assessing fire risk
Key words: fire risk assessment, fire prevention, algorithm, cognitive aid, fire triangle.
Transient contribution of the sphenoid ala major to the socket of the temporomandibular joint in near‐term fetuses
Authors: Hirouchi Hidetomo , Takeuchi Yuki , Yang Tianyi , Yamamoto Masahito , Hayashi Shogo , Murakami Gen , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Jose Francisco , Abe Shinichi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex structure that plays a vital role in the movement of the jaw. Some anatomy and dental textbooks show that, at the medial margin, the TMJ capsule attaches to a suture between the sphenoid ala major and the temporal bone squamosa. In near‐term fetuses, the ala major extends posterolaterally to approach the TMJ. In this study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of the sphenoid ala major to the socket of the TMJ in near‐term fetuses. We examined histological sections from 22 human fetuses (approximately 15–40 weeks). At midterm, the lateral and superior walls of the TMJ cavity were formed by the temporal bone squamosa, whereas the ala major was distant from the joint. However, at near‐term, the ala major formed the medial wall of almost the entire part of the joint cavity. The top of the TMJ was attached to both the squamosa and ala major, with the condylar head consistently separated from the sphenoid by the joint disk. We observed a significant descent of the middle cranial fossa in near‐term fetuses, which brought the ala major close to the TMJ. This transient position of the TMJ near the sphenoid is likely due to brain enlargement and posterolateral growth of the ala major. After birth, occlusion causes the anterior growth of the mandibular fossa of the squamosa, which moves the ala major away from the TMJ. Similarly, the lateral growth of the sphenoid toward the squamosa suture may also stop in children.
Toe pad morphology and adhesion in the miniaturized gecko, Chatogekko amazonicus (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae)
Authors: Griffing Aaron H. , Daza Juan D. , Nielsen Stuart V. , Werneck Fernanda P. , Viana Patrik F. , Gamble Tony 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChatogekko amazonicus is a miniaturized gecko from northern South America and is among the smallest of toe pad bearing lizards. The toe pads of C. amazonicus are miniscule, between 18% and 27% of the plantar surface area. We aimed to investigate the relationship between adhesive toe pad morphology, body size, and adhesive capabilities. Using scanning electron microscopy, we determine that the adhesive pads of C. amazonicus exhibit branched setae similar to those of other geckos, but that are generally much smaller. When compared with other gecko taxa, we show that C. amazonicus setae occupy a similar range of seta length: snout–vent length ratio and aspect ratio as other gekkonoid species (i.e. Gekkonidae, Phyllodactylidae, and Sphaerodactylidae). We demonstrate that C. amazonicus—even with its relatively small toe pads—is capable of climbing a smooth glass surface at a nearly vertical angle. We suggest that sphaerodactylids like C. amazonicus offer an excellent system for studying toe pad morphology and function in relation to miniaturization.
Saccharification and structural changes in Areca catechu husk fiber
Authors: Vardhan Harsh , Sasmal Soumya , Mohanty Kaustubha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAreca nut husk (ANH) holds promise as a viable biomass source for xylose production. Xylose is a precursor for various biochemicals. However, the recalcitrant nature of ANH makes saccharification more complex. To address this, lime and acid pretreatments were carried out to enhance the susceptibility of biomass to saccharification. Before this, a compositional analysis was conducted to determine the initial constituents of the feedstock. Saccharification was conducted under the following conditions: 2% (wV−1) substrate loading, 100 rpm agitation, and 30 °C hydrolysis temperature for 12 h hydrolysis time at pH 4.5 to 5.0. However, parameters like xylanase enzyme loading were varied to enhance the saccharification of the ANH. The results demonstrated that acid‐treated husk (ATH), lime‐treated husk (LTH), and raw husk (RH) achieved the highest yield (gg−1) of reducing sugar, approximately 90, 83, and 15%, respectively, at an enzyme loading of 15.0 IUg−1. Various analytical techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to examine structural changes in the native, pretreated, and saccharified residues of ANH. The analysis revealed that a significant amount of partial crystalline and amorphous cellulose in the ANH biomass was hydrolyzed during the saccharification process. However, saccharification also led to the removal of amorphous substances, disruption of the crystalline structure, and conversion of crystalline regions into amorphous domains.
Crowd evacuation simulation based on hierarchical agent model and physics‐based character control
Authors: Ye Jianming , Liu Zhen , Liu Tingting , Wu Yanhui , Wang Yuanyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCrowd evacuation has gained increasing attention in recent years. The agent‐based method has shown a superior capability to simulate complex behaviors during crowd evacuation simulation. For agent modeling, most existing methods only consider the decision process but ignore the detailed physical motion. In this article, we propose a hierarchical framework for crowd evacuation simulation, which combines the agent decision model with the agent motion model. In the decision model, we integrate emotional contagion and scene information to determine global path planning and local collision avoidance. In the motion model, we introduce a physics‐based character control method and control agent motion using deep reinforcement learning. Based on the decision strategy, the decision model can use a signal to control the agent motion in the motion model. Compared with existing methods, our framework can simulate physical interactions between agents and the environment. The results of the crowd evacuation simulation demonstrate that our framework can simulate crowd evacuation with physical fidelity.
Mixed response to the first‐line treatment of KRAS G12C inhibitor, sotorasib, in non‐small cell lung cancer: A brief report
Authors: Yang Jiao , Huang Jie , Yuan Gongjun , Lin Xiao‐Cheng , Chen Hua‐Jun , Yang Jin‐Ji 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageOne Kirsten Ras (KRAS) G12C mutated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient had improved poor performance status and obtained mixed response with the first‐line KRAS‐targeted treatment of sotorasib. After disease progression, partial response was achieved with chemotherapy plus immunotherapy. KRAS G12C mutated immunoenvironment in NSCLC may favor the immunotherapy.AbstractKRAS is one of the most commonly mutated genes, which used to be untargetable. The phase II CodeBreak 100 trial revealed 6.8‐month median progress‐free survival (PFS) and 12.5‐month overall survival (OS) in previously treated KRAS G12C‐mutant NSCLC patients treated with KRAS inhibitor, sotorasib. The specimens of the brain, lymph node (LN), and blood from the patient were analyzed by next‐generation sequencing. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed for pathological characterization. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan were used for treatment response evaluation. The patient was diagnosed in a bad Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG‐PS) with metastatic KRAS G12C‐mutated lung adenocarcinoma who had achieved mixed response to sotorasib as the first‐line treatment. Although 5‐month PFS of the treatment with sotorasib was not surprising, the patient achieved significantly improved ECOG‐PS score from 4 to 1. Subsequently, partial response (PR) was achieved with the treatment of pemetrexed plus pembrolizumab. This case highlights superior efficacy of first‐line treatment with sotorasib for the advance untreated KRAS G12C‐mutant patients. The high efficacy of the treatment with chemotherapy plus immunotherapy revealed that immunoenvironment of KRAS G12C‐mutated patient may favor the immunotherapy.
Tenofovir induced Fanconi syndrome in a middle age African female from Kenya, East Africa: Case report and brief literature review
Authors: Odhiambo Fredrick , Nareeba Shallot , Mwangeka Grace , Njambi Ann , Nyakebati Vashti 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case presentation highlights the need to routinely monitor renal function in patients on Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) due to its side effect of proximal tubule dysfunction.AbstractThis is a case presentation of a 50‐year‐old African female who had been on a Tenofovir based regimen for 12 years and developed Fanconi syndrome. She recovered after discontinuation of the Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF).
Elevation of the tumor marker CA19‐9 in a pancreatic cancer survivor with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A clinical case report
Authors: Pendry Steve D. , Singhal Nimit , Neo Eu‐Ling , Foreman Darren , Winter Jean M. 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageSerum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) is used for recurrence surveillance in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This report describes the association of increasing CA19‐9 in a male PDAC survivor with presence of prostatic hyperplasia. Unexplained elevation of CA19‐9 in male PDAC survivors might be attributable to benign prostatic conditions.
Gastrointestinal amyloidosis in a 50‐year‐old patient with miliary tuberculosis: A case report
Authors: Rauf Sameer Abdul , Shah Hussain Haider , Khatri Rahul , Ul Haq Mansoor , Dave Tirth , Ali Javaria Parwez , Ali Syed Khizar 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case highlights the importance of considering tuberculosis as an underlying cause of gastrointestinal amyloidosis, even in patients previously treated for the infection. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for atypical presentations of amyloidosis, especially in individuals with chronic inflammation, enabling early diagnosis and tailored management for improved patient outcomes.AbstractGastrointestinal amyloidosis is a rare condition often associated with chronic inflammation. We present a unique case of a 50‐year‐old female with a history of miliary tuberculosis who developed gastrointestinal amyloidosis. The patient exhibited chronic loose stools, weight loss, abdominal pain, and urinary incontinence symptoms. Diagnostic workup revealed characteristic findings of amyloidosis on biopsy. Despite treatment for tuberculosis, her symptoms persisted, highlighting the challenging nature of managing this condition. This case underscores the importance of considering tuberculosis as a potential cause of secondary amyloidosis in patients with ongoing symptoms of inflammation and infection. Early recognition and tailored management are crucial in optimizing patient outcomes.
Staphylococcus aureus subcapsular splenic abscess and associated empyema in the setting of tocilizumab therapy: A case report
Authors: Lee Audrey , Aw Yi Tong Vincent 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageWe report a case of Staphylococcus aureus subcapsular splenic abscess and associated empyema after recent commencement of tocilizumab, masquerading as musculoskeletal pain. This highlights the importance of considering unusual underlying infections in patients on tocilizumab.
A case of a patient requiring medically supervised withdrawal after ingestion of witch hazel toner as a surrogate alcohol
Authors: Anderson Kayley E. , Balasanova Alëna A. 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageStandardized alcohol withdrawal treatments, such as the phenobarbital taper protocol, are effective in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndromes associated with surrogate alcohols including witch hazel toner.AbstractIngestion of alcohol not intended for consumption, also known as surrogate alcohols, is well‐documented in patients with alcohol use disorder. Ingestion of surrogate alcohols may lead to higher morbidity and mortality than standard alcohol consumption alone. However, management of complications such as withdrawal syndromes in individuals consuming surrogate alcohols has received little attention in the literature. We present the case of a patient with alcohol use disorder who required medically supervised withdrawal following ingestion of witch hazel toner as a surrogate alcohol. Review of patient's history revealed routine ingestion of witch hazel toner as a substitute to traditional alcohols. Witch hazel toner is a non‐FDA regulated product designed for topical use; it is commonly sold in a steam distilled formulation containing 13%–15% ethanol and small amounts of essential oil components, such as carvacrol and eugenol. During hospitalization the patient received treatment of alcohol withdrawal with a phenobarbital taper protocol and was discharged in stable condition. He also received resources for alcohol use disorder to follow‐up in the outpatient setting. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a patient requiring medically supervised withdrawal following ingestion of witch hazel toner and sheds light on the potential complications and management of patients who present following ingestion.