bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence mapping: illustrating an emerging methodology to improve evidence‐based practice in youth mental health
Authors: Hetrick Sarah E. , Parker Alexandra G. , Callahan Patrick , Purcell Rosemary 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Within the field of evidence‐based practice, a process termed ‘evidence mapping’ is emerging as a less exhaustive yet systematic and replicable methodology that allows an understanding of the extent and distribution of evidence in a broad clinical area, highlighting both what is known and where gaps in evidence exist. This article describes the general principles of mapping methodology by using illustrations derived from our experience conducting an evidence map of interventions for youth mental‐health disorders.Methods  Evidence maps are based on an explicit research question relating to the field of enquiry, which may vary in depth, but should be informed by end‐users. The research question then drives the search for, and collection of, appropriate studies utilizing explicit and reproducible methods at each stage. This includes clear definition of components of the research question, development of a thorough and reproducible search strategy, development of explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria, and transparent decisions about the level of information to be obtained from each study.Discussion  Evidence mapping is emerging as a rigorous methodology for gathering and disseminating up‐to‐date information to end‐users. Thoughtful planning and assessment of available resources (e.g. staff, time, budget) are required by those applying this methodology to their particular field of clinical enquiry given the potential scope of the work. The needs of the end‐user need to be balanced with available resources. Information derived needs to be effectively communicated, with the uptake of that evidence into clinical practice the ultimate aim.
Satisfaction of patients with mechanical neck disorders attended to by primary care physical therapists
Authors: Elustondo Sofía Garrido , Fuertes Rosario Riesgo , Mayor Esperanza Escortell , Del Barco Angel Asúnsolo , Martín Yolanda Pérez , Castro Beatriz Martín 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective  To describe the satisfaction and expectations of the patients with neck pain with relation to the physical therapy received and to analyse the relationship between the patient's characteristics and his degree of satisfaction and expectation.Design  This study is performed in the setting of a random clinical trial.Participants  Subjects between 18 and 60 years of age with subacute mechanical neck disorders.Main variables  Patient's expectations and satisfaction with the received treatment (scale similar to Likert's Scale).Other variables  Pain intensity, episodes of previous neck pain, depression and anxiety symptoms (Goldberg Scale), age and gender, physical disability, general state of health, duration of the present episode of neck pain, regular exercise and regular consumption of medicines.Results and conclusions  A total of 90 patients were studied. The mean age was 40.1 years and 88.9% were female. Thirteen per cent of the subjects expected partial relief, 60% expected good recovery and 27% expected complete recovery. Those patients who have not suffered previous episodes of neck pain and those who have a higher score on the Goldberg Scale have a higher expectation of recovering after the treatment. About patients' satisfaction after the intervention, 2% totally unsatisfied, 1% very unsatisfied, 2% somewhat unsatisfied, 2% indifferent, 17% somewhat satisfied, 42% very satisfied and 30% totally satisfied. Those patients who experienced a greater decrease in pain were more satisfied. It would be interesting to study in depth the measurement of patients' satisfaction with the received physical therapy and to extend it to other pathologies.
The use of fall prevention guidelines in German hospitals – a multilevel analysis
Authors: Raeder Kathrin , Siegmund Ute , Grittner Ulrike , Dassen Theo , Heinze Cornelia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAims  Falls and fall‐related injuries are major problems in hospitals. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of fall prevention guidelines on falls and fall‐related injuries in hospitals.Method  A cross‐sectional study was conducted in German hospitals. Some 28 hospitals participated with a total of 5046 patients. Eleven of these hospitals had already implemented a fall prevention guideline, 10 were in the process of developing such a guideline and seven hospitals were not using any fall prevention guideline at all. A standardized questionnaire was used on the individual patient level to obtain details regarding the socio‐demographic background, falls, fall‐related injuries and other problems relevant to nursing. A further questionnaire referred to the use of fall prevention guidelines in the individual hospitals. Data specific to falls were analysed both on hospital level and on ward and patient level by means of a multilevel logistic model.Results  The univariate analyses suggest that patients in hospitals that are using guidelines are more likely to fall [odds ratios (OR) = 1.19, confidential interval (CI) = 0.65–2.18] than in hospitals that do not use any guideline (reference category) or are still in the developing stage (OR = 0.82, KI = 0.77–0.87). If, in a multivariate analysis, the ward level and individual patient variables (age, disorientation, confusion, incontinence) are included, the following results are obtained: the probability of falls in hospitals not using guidelines (reference category) is higher than in hospitals developing a guideline (OR = 0.86, KI = 0.58–1.28) or using a guideline (OR = 0.71, KI = 0.44–1.14). The differences are even more distinct regarding the injuries resulting from a fall that require medical treatment. The probability of these injuries is significantly lower in hospitals using guidelines (OR = 0.27, KI = 0.09–0.85) than in hospitals developing a guideline (OR = 0.61, KI = 0.24–1.54) or not using any guidelines at all (reference category).Conclusion  The present results of the multilevel analysis show that falls and fall‐related injuries can be reduced by the implementation of fall prevention guidelines.
A new scale to measure family members' perception of community health care services for persons with Huntington disease
Authors: Sousa Valmi D. , Williams Janet K. , Barnette Jack J. , Reed David A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectives  Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive genetic brain disease leading to disruptive cognitive, behavioural and physical impairments. Persons with the condition and their caregivers need appropriate and accessible health care services to help them manage the disease adequately. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a new scale that measures family members' perception of community health care services (CHCS) for persons with HD.Methods  A methodological design was used to examine the initial reliability and dimensionality of the CHCS scale among 245 family members of persons with a diagnosis of HD. Data analysis consisted of computing Cronbach's α coefficients, calculating the 95% confidence interval for α and performing item‐analysis and exploratory factor analysis.Results  Reliability of the scale based on Cronbach's α was 0.83. Factor analysis using principal component analysis and varimax rotation suggested that three interpretable factors underlie the scale. Factor 1, HD knowledge, had α = 0.82, eigenvalue of 4.67 and explained 33.42% of the variance; factor 2, HD community resources, had α = 0.62, eigenvalue of 1.68 and explained 12.02% of the variance; factor 3, individualized HD management, had α = 0.77, eigenvalue of 1.45 and explained 10.39% of the variance.Conclusions  Findings from this study provide evidence of both construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the CHCS scale. Further psychometric testing of the scale in other samples of family caregivers of persons with HD is warranted.
Texture classification by statistical learning from morphological image processing: application to metallic surfaces
Authors: CORD A. , BACH F. , JEULIN D. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryA classification method based on textural information for metallic surfaces displaying complex random patterns is proposed. Because these kinds of textures show fluctuations at a small scale and some uniformity at a larger scale, a probabilistic approach is followed, considering textural variations as realizations of random functions. Taking into account information of pixel neighbourhoods, the texture for each pixel is described at different scales. By means of statistical learning, the most relevant textural descriptors are selected for each application. The performance of this approach is established on a real data set of steel surfaces.
Co‐registered spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging system
Authors: KANG D.K. , SUTER M.J. , BOUDOUX C. , YACHIMSKI P.S. , PURICELLI W.P. , NISHIOKA N.S. , MINO‐KENUDSON M. , LAUWERS G.Y. , BOUMA B.E. , TEARNEY G.J. 
Published: March 2010

SummarySpectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging are two non‐contact optical imaging technologies that provide images of tissue cellular and architectural morphology, which are both used for histopathological diagnosis. Although spectrally encoded confocal microscopy has better transverse resolution than optical frequency domain imaging, optical frequency domain imaging can penetrate deeper into tissues, which potentially enables the visualization of different morphologic features. We have developed a co‐registered spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging system and have obtained preliminary images from human oesophageal biopsy samples to compare the capabilities of these imaging techniques for diagnosing oesophageal pathology.
Leakage radiation microscopy of surface plasmon coupled emission: investigation of gain‐assisted propagation in an integrated plasmonic waveguide
Authors: GRANDIDIER J. , DES FRANCS G. COLAS , MASSENOT S. , BOUHELIER A. , MARKEY L. , WEEBER J.‐C. , DEREUX A. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryUsing a single‐mode dielectric‐loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguide doped with quantum dots, we were able to slightly increase the propagation length of the mode by stimulated emission of plasmon. We analyse the amplification phenomenon in the visible range by combining leakage radiation microscopy and surface plasmon coupled emission techniques.
Specificity of localization and phosphotransfer in the CheA proteins of Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Authors: Scott Kathryn A. , Porter Steven L. , Bagg Eleanor A. L. , Hamer Rebecca , Hill Jennifer L. , Wilkinson David A. , Armitage Judith P. 
Published: March 2010

SummarySpecificity of protein–protein interactions plays a vital role in signal transduction. The chemosensory pathway of Rhodobacter sphaeroides comprises multiple homologues of chemotaxis proteins characterized in organisms such as Escherichia coli. Three CheA homologues are essential for chemotaxis in R. sphaeroides under laboratory conditions. These CheAs are differentially localized to two chemosensory clusters, one at the cell pole and one in the cytoplasm. The polar CheA, CheA2, has the same domain structure as E. coli CheA and can phosphorylate all R. sphaeroides chemotaxis response regulators. CheA3 and CheA4 independently localize to the cytoplasmic cluster; each protein has a subset of the CheA domains, with CheA3 phosphorylating CheA4 together making a functional CheA protein. Interestingly, CheA3‐P can only phosphorylate two response regulators, CheY6 and CheB2. R. sphaeroides CheAs exhibit two interesting differences in specificity: (i) the response regulators that they phosphorylate and (ii) the chemosensory cluster to which they localize. Using a domain‐swapping approach we investigated the role of the P1 and P5 CheA domains in determining these specificities. We show that the P1 domain is sufficient to determine which response regulators will be phosphorylated in vitro while the P5 domain is sufficient to localize the CheAs to a specific chemosensory cluster.
Bovine besnoitiosis in Germany
Authors: Rostaher Ana , Mueller Ralf S. , Majzoub Monir , Schares Gereon , Gollnick Nicole S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper reports a case of natural occurring bovine besnoitiosis in Germany. The skin lesions consisted of multifocal hypotrichosis and alopecia, lichenification, erythema and seborrhoea. Histopathologic findings revealed characteristic cysts of Besnoitia spp. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology and the species Besnoitia besnoiti was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Molecular characterisation of Ltchi7, a gene encoding a Class III endochitinase induced by drought stress in Lotus spp
Authors: Tapia G. , Morales‐Quintana L. , Inostroza L. , Acuña H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChitinases are enzymes that digest chitin molecules, present principally in insects and fungi. In plants, these enzymes play an important role in defence against pathogen attack, although they have also been described as induced by mechanical damage, ozone, heavy metals, cold, salinity, etc. Using an annealing control primer, we isolated a gene fragment whose translated sequence has high homology with a class III endochitinase. The gene, named Ltchi7, consisted of one ORF of 1005 bp, which codes for a peptide of 334 amino acids, including a deduced signal peptide of 27 amino acid that directs protein to the extracellular space. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that Ltchi7 is within a cluster that includes Sesbania rostrata, Medicago sativa and Glycine max class III endochitinases. This group is differentiated from other species of endochitinases by the presence of an additional extension in carboxy‐terminal region. Moreover, in comparison with the majority of chitinases, Ltchi7 has two additional cysteine residues, which, according to 3D modelling studies, are very close. Gene expression analysis showed enhanced transcript abundance of this gene during drought stress in Lotus tenuis and Lotus japonicus, compared with growth under normal conditions. Furthermore, its expression is restricted to nodules and roots. Expression of this gene was also induced by salt stress, hydrogen peroxide and weakly with abscisic acid.
Case of chronic ectopic pregnancy diagnosed in which the complete shape of the fetus was visible by ultrasonography
Authors: Harada Miyuki , Hiroi Hisahiko , Fujiwara Toshihiro , Fujimoto Akihisa , Kikuchi Akihiko , Osuga Yutaka , Momoeda Mikio , Kugu Koji , Yano Tetsu , Taketani Yuji 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPreoperative diagnosis of chronic ectopic pregnancy is often difficult because of the high incidence of negative results on pregnancy tests as a consequence of the very small amount of live villi, subtle symptoms, and the poor specificity of ultrasonographic patterns. A 45‐year‐old woman was referred to our department for evaluation of a mass 8 cm in diameter with solid parts in the right adnexal area. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed a mass consisting of a cystic part with an irregular thick capsule distinct from the right ovary. In the center of the cystic part, a fetus‐like image, 20 mm in length was seen. Preoperative diagnosis was confirmed by the laparoscopy, which revealed a swollen right tube containing a fetus with highly necrotic changes. This case was unique because chronic ectopic pregnancy was detected at an early stage before absorption of the conceptus occurred, which coincidentally is an appropriate time for morphological diagnosis.
Limitations of internal iliac artery ligation for the reduction of intraoperative hemorrhage during cesarean hysterectomy in cases of placenta previa accreta
Authors: Iwata Atsushi , Murayama Yoshihiko , Itakura Atsuo , Baba Kazunori , Seki Hiroyuki , Takeda Satoru 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of internal iliac ligation as a bleeding control during cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed the cases of placenta accreta receiving cesarean hysterectomy during the period of 1987–2006 in the Saitama Medical Center. The clinical outcomes of these patients either receiving or not receiving internal iliac artery ligation were compared in terms of bleeding amount, and length of hospitalization. The bleeding amounts in the variants of placenta accreta managed with internal iliac artery ligation were also analyzed to determine whether the different pathological findings would affect blood loss during cesarean hysterectomy.Results:  Among 23 cases, the mean blood loss during the operation and the length of hospitalization after the operation, with or without internal iliac artery ligation (IIAL) were not significantly different. There was no significant difference between the mean blood loss and the pathological findings of cases managed with IIAL.Conclusion:  In cases of placenta previa accreta, ligation of the internal iliac artery did not significantly contribute to hemostasis during cesarean hysterectomy.
Uterine artery occlusion and myomectomy for treatment of pregnant women with uterine leiomyomas who are undergoing cesarean section
Authors: Lin Jui‐Yu , Lee Wen‐Ling , Wang Peng‐Hui , Lai Man‐Jung , Chang Wen‐Hsun , Liu Wei‐Min 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the efficacy of uterine artery occlusion and myomectomy (UAO+M) for pregnant women with uterine leiomyomas who are undergoing cesarean section (CS).Methods:  Seventy‐two women with uterine leiomyomas undergoing CS for obstetrical reasons were enrolled into this case–control study. Thirty‐six patients underwent UAO+M during CS (UAO+M group), and 36 received CS alone (Control group). The UAO+M procedure was performed immediately after closure of the uterine incision wound. The outcome was measured by comparing surgical techniques, and future surgical intervention (myomectomy, uterine vessel occlusion or hysterectomy) for symptomatic leiomyoma.Results:  The average follow‐up time was 63 months. General characteristics of the patients were similar in both groups. There were no statistical differences in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative recovery, complications, or wound pain between the two groups. The operative time was significantly longer in the UAO+M group compared with that in the Control group, but the further surgical intervention rate was significantly lower in the UAO+M group than in the Control group (2.8% vs 41.7%, P < 0.001). Seven patients (19%) in the UAO+M group and five (14%) in the Control group had a repeat CS during the follow‐up period.Conclusion:  UAO+M could be considered for treating pregnant women with uterine leiomyomas who are undergoing CS, compared with observation, as this procedure can minimize the necessity for future surgery, with increased operative time for the UAO+M procedure, but without increased surgical morbidity.
The prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) urine test in men with previous negative biopsies: does free‐to‐total prostate‐specific antigen ratio influence the performance of the PCA3 score in predicting positive biopsies?
Authors: Ploussard Guillaume , Haese Alexander , Van Poppel Hendrik , Marberger Michael , Stenzl Arnulf , Mulders Peter F.A. , Huland Hartwig , Bastien Laurence , Abbou Clèment‐Claude , Remzi Mesut , Tinzl Martina , Feyerabend Susan , Stillebroer Alexander B. , Van Gils Martijn P.M.Q. , Schalken Jack A. , De La Taille Alexandre 
Published: March 2010

Study Type – Diagnosis (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVETo determine the performance characteristics of the prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) score on the outcome of biopsy relative to different ranges of free‐to‐total prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) ratio (f/tPSA) in men with a previous negative biopsy and a PSA level of 2.5–10 ng/mL, as urine tests like PCA3 are currently under investigation in order to improve prostate cancer diagnosis and to decrease the rate of unnecessary rebiopsies.PATIENTS AND METHODSData from the previous prospective European multicentre study were reviewed. Only patients with a PSA level of 2.5–10 ng/mL were included in the present study. In all, 301 patients had complete data. The diagnostic accuracy of the PCA3 score for predicting a positive biopsy outcome was studied using sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values. The PCA3 performance was evaluated relative to three different subgroups of f/tPSA, as follows: >20% (group 1), 10–20% (group 2) and <10% (group 3).RESULTSThe prostate cancer detection rates were 18.8%, 23.9% and 34.8% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the PCA3 score, total PSA and f/tPSA was 0.688, 0.553 and 0.571, respectively. The percentage of men with positive biopsies was 30.6%, 37.0% and 44.4% in those with a PCA3 score of >30, vs 10.3%, 15.5% and 28.6% when the PCA3 score was <30, in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The difference was significant only in groups 1 and 2. In men with a f/tPSA of ≤10% the difference in detection rates relative to the PCA3 score was not statistically significant regardless of which PCA3 threshold was used. A high PCA3 score was significantly associated with age, clinical T2 stage and positive biopsy (P < 0.001, 0.013 and <0.001, respectively). In bivariate analysis accounting for the PCA3 score and the f/tPSA, a PCA3 score of >30 was a significant independent predictor of positive biopsies (odds ratio 3.01; 95% confidence interval 1.74–5.23; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSPCA3 remained a better predictor of prostate cancer than f/tPSA. In men with a f/tPSA of >10%, the use of the PCA3 score was highly correlated with the risk of having cancer on re‐biopsy, and could prevent unnecessary prostate biopsies if the value is low.
Three‐month‐olds show a negativity bias in their social evaluations
Authors: Kiley Hamlin J. , Wynn Karen , Bloom Paul 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPrevious research has shown that 6‐month‐olds evaluate others on the basis of their social behaviors – they are attracted to prosocial individuals, and avoid antisocial individuals (Hamlin, Wynn & Bloom, 2007). The current studies investigate these capacities prior to 6 months of age. Results from two experiments indicate that even 3‐month‐old infants evaluate others based on their social behavior towards third parties, and that negative social information is developmentally privileged.
Facial expressions modulate the ontogenetic trajectory of gaze‐following among monkeys
Authors: Teufel Christoph , Gutmann Anke , Pirow Ralph , Fischer Julia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGaze‐following, the tendency to direct one’s attention to locations looked at by others, is a crucial aspect of social cognition in human and nonhuman primates. Whereas the development of gaze‐following has been intensely studied in human infants, its early ontogeny in nonhuman primates has received little attention. Combining longitudinal and cross‐sectional observational data from Barbary macaques at ‘La Forêt des Singes’, we show here that gaze‐following among conspecifics develops within the first year of life with a rapid increase between 5 and 6 months, reaching adult levels at 1 year. Sex, rank, and relatedness of the animal whose gaze the subject followed did not affect gaze‐following rates. Interestingly, however, the behavior was enhanced in all age classes if a gaze‐cue was accompanied by a facial expression. Furthermore, the effect of facial expressions had a modulatory influence on the ontogenetic trajectory of gaze‐following, suggesting that it is of functional significance in the development of the behavior. Follow‐up analyses revealed that one specific facial expression that is given in response to social interactions between third parties was particularly efficient in eliciting gaze‐following responses, indicating the importance of cues that are able to guide the acquisition of social information. Taken together, these results suggest that the development and the operation of gaze‐following are tuned to the social and physical characteristics of a species’ environment.