bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Solvent and Bridge Structure in Alkylthio‐Substituted Triphenylamine Dyes on the Photovoltaic Properties of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sakong Chun , Kim Se Hun , Yuk Sim Bum , Namgoong Jin Woong , Park Se Woong , Ko Min Jae , Kim Dong Hoe , Hong Kug Sun , Kim Jae Pil 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThree new triphenylamine dyes that contain alkylthio‐substituted thiophenes with a low bandgap as a π‐conjugated bridge unit were designed and synthesized for organic dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The effects of the structural differences in terms of the position, number, and shape of the alkylthio substituents in the thiophene bridge on the photophysical properties of the dye and the photovoltaic performance of the DSSC were investigated. The introduction of an alkylthio substituent at the 3‐position of thiophene led to a decrease in the degree of redshift and the value of the molar extinction coefficient of the charge‐transfer band, and the substituent with a bridged structure led to a larger redshift than that of the open‐chain structure. The introduction of bulky and hydrophobic side chains decreased the short‐circuit photocurrent (Jsc), which was caused by the reduced amount of dye adsorbed on TiO2. This resulted in a decrease in the overall conversion efficiency (η), even though it could improve the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) due to the retardation of charge recombination. Furthermore, the change in solvents for TiO2 sensitization had a critical effect on the performance of the resulting DSSCs due to the different amounts of dye adsorbed. Based on the optimized dye bath and molecular structure, the ethylene dithio‐substituted dye (ATT3) showed a prominent solar‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency of 5.20 %.
Studying host cell protein interactions with monoclonal antibodies using high throughput protein A chromatography
Authors: Sisodiya Vikram N. , Lequieu Joshua , Rodriguez Maricel , McDonald Paul , Lazzareschi Kathlyn P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractProtein A chromatography is typically used as the initial capture step in the purification of monoclonal antibodies produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Although exploiting an affinity interaction for purification, the level of host cell proteins in the protein A eluent varies significantly with different feedstocks. Using a batch binding chromatography method, we performed a controlled study to assess host cell protein clearance across both MabSelect Sure and Prosep vA resins. We individually spiked 21 purified antibodies into null cell culture fluid generated with a non‐producing cell line, creating mock cell culture fluids for each antibody with an identical composition of host cell proteins and antibody concentration. We demonstrated that antibody‐host cell protein interactions are primarily responsible for the variable levels of host cell proteins in the protein A eluent for both resins when antibody is present. Using the additives guanidine HCl and sodium chloride, we demonstrated that antibody‐host cell protein interactions may be disrupted, reducing the level of host cell proteins present after purification on both resins. The reduction in the level of host cell proteins differed between antibodies suggesting that the interaction likely varies between individual antibodies but encompasses both an electrostatic and hydrophobic component.
Three‐dimensional visualization of the cutaneous angiosome using angiography
Authors: Yin Zhi‐Xun , Peng Tian‐Hong , Ding Hong‐Mei , Bai Bo , Tang Mao‐Lin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish the three‐dimensional (3D) architecture of the cutaneous angiosome for assessment and design of the perforator flaps. Two fresh cadavers were injected with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/lead oxide and computed tomography (CT) scanned before and after the injection. The various parts of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue derived from one of the injected cadavers were also CT scanned. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the cutaneous angiosome and the two flap designs were performed using Materialise's Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS). Both the reconstructed cutaneous angiosomes and the digital flaps can be displayed independently or in conjunction with bones, source arteries, and skin. The 3D architecture of the cutaneous angiosome ensures clear display of the spatial location, distribution range, and anastomoses relationship of the cutaneous perforators. In addition, the caliber, length, and position of a particular source artery are illustrated in the exact spatial location. As a result, the technique provides visualization of the general area and the expandable direction of a respective flap. This technique has the potential to play an important role in assessing perforator blood supply territory and in the design of new flaps.Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel findings of the anatomy and variations of the axillary vein and its tributaries
Authors: Yang Hee‐Jun , Gil Young‐Chun , Jin Jeong‐Doo , Cho Hyejin , Kim Hyun , Lee Hye‐Yeon 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe anatomy and variations of the axillary vein has significant implications in various invasive procedures such as venous access, axillary block, arteriovenous fistula creation, axillary node dissection, breast augmentation, and other surgical procedures involving the axilla. To clarify the anatomy of the axillary vein and its tributaries, 40 cadaveric upper extremities were examined after dissection and were classified into several types according to the courses and terminations of brachial veins. The brachial veins ended separately (Type A; 72.5%) or made a common brachial vein (Type B; 27.5%) to enter the basilic vein or the axillary vein. The basilic vein was absent in 5.0% of the specimens. Duplication of the axillary vein was observed in 17.5% of the specimens and the lateral venous channel running along the lateral wall of the axilla was observed in 40.0% of the specimens. The most common drainage vein of the deep brachial vein was the lateral brachial vein (67.5%). The anterior circumflex humeral vein also emptied into the lateral brachial vein in 67.5% of the specimens. The posterior circumflex humeral vein crossed posterior side of the brachial plexus to join either the axillary vein (45.0%) or subscapular vein (42.5%). Perforation of the lateral root of median nerve by a lateral brachial vein, a common brachial vein, or a venous channel was observed in 15.0% of the specimens. Other venous variations accompanying the variations of the axillary artery or the brachial artery are described herein. The clinical importance of these findings is described in the discussion. Clin. Anat. 25:893–902, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clarification of the identity of the mammalian fifth pharyngeal arch artery
Authors: Bamforth Simon D. , Chaudhry Bill , Bennett Michael , Wilson Robert , Mohun Timothy J. , Van Mierop Lodewyk H.S. , Henderson Deborah J. , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe remodeling of the pharyngeal arch arteries is a complex process that occurs across vertebrates, although the specific number of arteries varies across species, with six in fish, but only five in birds and mammals, although they are numbered one through four, and six. The existence of a fifth arch artery in mammals has been debated for more than a century. Although some have doubted, and continue to doubt, its existence, several cardiovascular malformations can be explained only on the basis of its presence. We have analyzed the developing pharyngeal arch arteries in mouse and human embryos, using high‐resolution episcopic microscopy. We have then created three‐dimensional models, allowing us to identify any structures that would satisfy the descriptions of fifth arch arteries. This detailed examination revealed collateral channels connecting the fourth and sixth pharyngeal arch arteries in approximately half of the mouse embryos examined. Such collateral channels were seen in only one human embryo of eight examined by high‐resolution episcopic microscopy, although we had previously identified such collateral channels using wax plate reconstruction. An extra vessel, occupying a discrete component of the pharyngeal mesenchyme, and therefore resembling a true fifth pharyngeal arch artery, was observed in one Carnegie Stage 14 human embryo. The pharyngeal mesenchyme in the human, therefore, can contain a fifth arch, with a contained artery, albeit transiently. Persistence of this structure, and the observed collateral channels, provides mechanisms to explain the congenital cardiovascular malformations described as persistent fifth aortic arch, and double‐barreled aorta. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implementing and evaluating scheduling policies in gLite middleware
Authors: Kretsis A. , Kokkinos P. , Varvarigos E. A. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYGrid scheduling algorithms are usually implemented in a simulation environment using tools that hide the complexity of the Grid and assumptions that are not always realistic. In our work, we describe the steps followed, the difficulties encountered and the solutions provided to develop and evaluate a scheduling policy, initially implemented in a simulation environment, in the gLite Grid middleware. Our focus is on a scheduling algorithm that allocates in a fair way the available resources among the requested users or jobs. During the actual implementation of this algorithm in gLite, we observed that the validity of the information used by the scheduler for its decisions affects greatly its performance. To improve the accuracy of this information, we developed an internal feedback mechanism that operates along with the scheduling algorithm. Also, a Grid computation resource cannot be shared concurrently between different users or jobs, making it difficult to provide actual fairness. For this reason we investigated the use of virtualization technology in the gLite middleware. We did a proof‐of‐concept implementation and performed an experimental evaluation of our scheduling algorithm in a small gLite testbed that proves the validity and applicability of our solutions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective electro‐optic coefficient of (1–x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 single crystals
Authors: He Chongjun , Chen Hongbing , Sun Liang , Wang Jiming , Xu Feng , Du Chaoling , Zhu Kongjun , Liu Youwen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRefractive indices and effective electro‐optic coefficient γc of (1–x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (PZN‐xPT, x = 0.05, 0.09 and 0.12) single crystals were measured at 532 nm wavelength. Orientation and temperature dependences of the electro‐optic coefficient were investigated. Large electro‐optic coefficient (γc = 470 pm/V) was observed in [001]‐poled PZN‐0.09PT crystal. More importantly, γc of tetragonal PZN‐0.12PT is almost unchanged in a temperature range −20 ∼ 80 °C. The γc of PZN‐xPT single crystals are much higher than that of widely used electro‐optic crystal LiNbO3 (γc = 20 pm/V). These results show that PZN‐xPT single crystals are very promising materials for electro‐optic modulators in optical communications.
Non‐financial Information About Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy in the Annual Reports of Listed Companies: Evidence from Italy and the UK
Authors: Mio Chiara , Venturelli Andrea 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe truthful and correct representation of a company's current performance and its future prospects needs to account for a variety of sustainability issues, given that they are exerting an ever greater impact on strategic and operational decisions, risk profiles and balance sheet item valuations.Nowadays, companies operate in a context in which such issues as sustainable development, environmental policy, and stakeholder engagement are of increasing strategic importance.While such issues are also addressed in regulatory provisions, they require further study to meet the challenge of representing social and environmental factors, as, in the context of annual report disclosures, it is not possible to proceed simply by analogy.The present study compares sustainability disclosures from the annual reports of the top 50 listed firms (by number of employees) in two countries – Italy and the United Kingdom – which have different legal systems. The objective is to analyze whether different territorial contexts might affect, under different headings, the qualitative aspects of the non‐financial disclosures contained in the annual reports of the firms under examination. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Extended IEEE 802.15.4 using CSMA/CA with Timing Group Division for high performance
Authors: Kobayashi Hideyuki , Sugiura Akihiko 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe propose Timing Group Division (TGD) for faster IEEE 802.15.4 throughput. Our proposed method splits terminals into groups. All terminals in each group have both TGD delay and CSMA/CA delay. Terminals avoid packet collision by using two kinds of delay so that the system becomes faster than using only a CSMA/CA system. When terminals were divided into two groups or more, we confirmed faster communication from our actual experimental results. Our proposed method was able to communicate faster than the method using only CSMA/CA according to experimental results using 16 end‐devices, with a speed increase of 40% or more. Furthermore, we propose an autonomous grouping method using RSSI for the autonomous decentralized network. Our proposed method using RSSI was faster than the method using only CSMA/CA according to actual experimental results, with a speed increase of more than 25%. Thus, we have established an autonomous grouping method for TGD based on our proposed method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(6): 41–51, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10429
Optimal mapping of torus self‐organizing map for human forearm motion discrimination on the basis of myoelectric signals
Authors: Kiso Atsushi , Seki Hirokazu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper describes an optimal mapping of the torus self‐organizing map for human forearm motion discrimination on the basis of myoelectric signals. This study uses the torus self‐organizing map (torus SOM) for motion discrimination. The normal SOM identifies input data of the same feature group by using all units of the map. But there is then a possibility of misrecognition of motion around the boundary lines of the motion groups. Therefore, this study proposes a mapping method of SOM in which learning units of the same motion concentrate on one local range and the learning unit groups of each motion are sufficiently separated. As a result, the variance in the same motion group becomes small and the variance between motion groups becomes large. Experiments on a myoelectric hand simulator show the effectiveness of the proposed motion discrimination method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(6): 24–31, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11369
Catalase Activity of Dinuclear MnIII Compounds with Chlorobenzoato Bridges
Authors: Gómez Verónica , Corbella Montserrat 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThree dinuclear MnIII compounds [{Mn(H2O)(NN)}2(μ‐3‐ClC6H4COO)2(μ‐O)]X2 with NN = 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy; 1 and 2) or 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen; 3) and X = NO3– (1) or ClO4– (2 and 3) have been synthesized. The X‐ray structures of compounds 1 and 3 were solved and the magnetic properties of the three compounds analyzed. Compounds 1 and 3 showferromagnetic coupling, the J values being 11.8 and 5.7 cm–1,respectively. Compound 2 displays weak antiferromagnetic behavior with a J value of –0.23 cm–1. The catalase activity of these three compounds and that of eight analogous dinuclear MnIII compounds with 2‐ and 4‐chlorobenzoato ligands has been investigated. The presence of different ligands and counteranions allowed the analysis of their effects on the catalytic activity. It was observed that compounds with perchlorate anions show higher activity than compounds with nitrate anions and compounds with 3‐chlorobenzoato ligands are the worst catalysts. Moreover, most of these compounds show higher conversions than other compounds with analogous structures.
Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry with sheathless electrospray ionization for high sensitivity analysis of underivatized amino acids
Authors: Jeong Ji‐Seon , Kim Sook‐Kyung , Park Sang‐Ryoul 
Published: May 2012

A high durability sheathless electrospray ionization interface of CE‐MS is applied for the sensitive analysis of underivatized amino acids. The sheathless interface was realized using an ionophore membrane‐packed electro‐conduction channel. The interface functioned well with a volatile alkaline background electrolyte (BGE) and uncoated fused‐silica capillaries for CE‐MS analysis of underivatized amino acids. High electroosmotic flow with alkaline BGE facilitated high separation efficiency (>100 000 theoretical plates) and short analysis time (<15 min). Both the short‐term stability and long‐term durability are particularly suited for routine applications. Using electrokinetic injection and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with a triple‐quadrupole analyzer, high sensitivity was achieved, which yielded detection limits of 0.05–0.81 μM. For the quantitation of underivatized amino acids, quantification precisions (RSDs) for intra‐ and inter‐day analyses were less than 3%. Recoveries from serum were 96.3–101.8% for isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). When compared with HPLC‐IDMS for human serum samples, highly agreeable (96.9–102.0%) results were obtained with the proposed CE‐IDMS method.
Overpotential Behavior of Carbon Monoxide Fuel in a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
Authors: Lee C.‐G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe overpotential of carbon monoxide (CO) fuel was analyzed with a 100‐cm2 class molten carbonate fuel cell. The overpotential at the anode was measured using the steady state polarization, inert gas step addition, and reactant gas addition methods. Then, the overpotential was compared between normal hydrogen fuel (H2:CO2:H2O = 0.69:0.17:0.14 atm, inlet composition) and CO fuels (CO:CO2:H2O = 0.5:0.5:0 atm and 0.43:0.43:0.14 atm, inlet compositions). The CO fuel without H2O showed a much greater overpotential at 150 mA cm–2 than the CO fuel with H2O. This implies that the water‐gas‐shift reaction prevails at the anode and humidification of CO fuel is an efficient way to reduce anodic overpotential. The anodic overpotential with CO:CO2:H2O = 0.43:0.43:0.14 atm was about 73% of that of the H2 fuel at 150 mA cm–2. The anode showed gas‐phase mass‐transfer limitations with CO fuels.
A General Protocol for the Synthesis of Pt–Sn/C Catalysts for the Ethanol Electrooxidation Reaction
Authors: Liu B. , Chia Z.‐W. , Lee Z.‐Y. , Cheng C.‐H. , Lee J.‐Y. , Liu Z.‐L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA general protocol for the synthesis of Pt–Sn/C catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation by the polyol method is developed after a systematic variation of the preparation variables. This protocol enables the complete transfer of all catalytic elements in the preparation solution to the catalyst support; thereby providing a convenient means of catalyst composition control. Water is a necessary co‐solvent for ethylene glycol in the polyol synthesis of Pt–Sn/C catalysts. The best preparation medium for controlling the particle size to small sizes is 0.1 M NaOH solution in a mixture of equal volumes of water and ethylene glycol. With this medium composition Pt–Sn/C catalysts with the optimized target Pt:Sn atomic ratio of 3:1 could be expeditiously prepared for ethanol electrooxidation.
GAS41 amplification results in overexpression of a new spindle pole protein
Authors: Schmitt Jana , Fischer Ulrike , Heisel Sabrina , Strickfaden Hilmar , Backes Christina , Ruggieri Alessia , Keller Andreas , Chang Paul , Meese Eckart 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAmplification is a hallmark of many human tumors but the role of most amplified genes in human tumor development is not yet understood. Previously, we identified a frequently amplified gene in glioma termed glioma‐amplified sequence 41 (GAS41). Using the TCGA data portal and performing experiments on HeLa and TX3868, we analyzed the role of GAS41 amplification on GAS41 overexpression and the effect on the cell cycle. Here we show that GAS41 amplification is associated with overexpression in the majority of cases. Both induced and endogenous overexpression of GAS41 leads to an increase in multipolar spindles. We showed that GAS41 is specifically associated with pericentrosome material. As result of an increased GAS41 expression we found bipolar spindles with misaligned chromosomes. This number was even increased by a combined overexpression of GAS41 and a reduced expression of NuMA. We propose that GAS41 amplification may have an effect on the highly altered karyotype of glioblastoma via its role during spindle pole formation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The application of fallout radionuclides to determine the dominant erosion process in water supply catchments of subtropical South‐east Queensland, Australia
Authors: Olley Jon , Burton Joanne , Smolders Kate , Pantus Francis , Pietsch Timothy 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPrevious studies using fallout radionuclides (137Cs and 210Pbex) to determine the relative contributions of surface‐soil and channel erosion (including gullies and channel banks) to stream sediments have used a relatively small number of composite samples (<25) to characterize the source end members, and concentrations in each of the source end members have, through the use of means and standard errors, been assumed to be normally distributed. Here, we examine 137Cs activity concentrations to determine the erosion processes supplying sediment in seven water supply catchments in South‐east Queensland. First, we test some of the underlying assumptions in the method using concentrations of 137Cs and 210Pbex in composite samples collected from 109 surface‐soil sites and 39 channel‐bank sites. Paired composite samples, each consisting of 20 subsamples, from five sites are used to demonstrate that this sampling approach was sufficient to average out any local variations in surface‐soil 210Pbex and 137Cs concentrations across the 300 m2 sampled. We derive probability distributions for 137Cs and 210Pbex concentrations in the group of samples from each of the end members and show that only the distribution of 210Pbex in samples from surface soils is normally distributed. We use the probability distributions for 137Cs, which provides the greatest discrimination between sources, to show that the 137Cs concentrations on the river sediment samples are consistent with channel erosion being the dominant source. Conservation works aimed at reducing the supply of sediments in these catchments should therefore focus on rehabilitation of the channel network and decreasing the runoff to the channel network. These findings are consistent with other similar studies on tropical Australian rivers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.