bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urologist Ownership of Ambulatory Surgery Centers and Urinary Stone Surgery Use
Authors: Hollingsworth John M. , Ye Zaojun , Strope Seth A. , Krein Sarah L. , Hollenbeck Ann T. , Hollenbeck Brent K. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives. To understand how physician ownership of ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) relates to surgery use.Data Source. Using the State Ambulatory Surgery Databases, we identified patients undergoing outpatient surgery for urinary stone disease in Florida (1998–2002).Study Design. We empirically derived a measure of physician ownership and externally validated it through public data. We employed linear mixed models to examine the relationship between ownership status and surgery use. We measured how a urologist's surgery use varied by the penetration of owners within his local health care market.Principal Findings. Owners performed a greater proportion of their surgeries in ASCs than nonowners (39.6 percent versus 8.0 percent, p<.001), and their utilization rates were over twofold higher ( p<.001). After controlling for patient differences, an owner averaged 16.32 (95 percent confidence interval [CI], 10.98–21.67; p<.001) more cases annually than did a nonowner. Further, for every 10 percent increase in the penetration of owners within a urologist's local health care market, his annual caseload increased by 3.32 (95 percent CI, 2.17–4.46; p<.001).Conclusions. These data demonstrate a significant association between physician ownership of ASCs and increased surgery use. While its interpretation is open to debate, one possibility relates to the financial incentives of ownership. Additional work is necessary to see if this is a specialty‐specific phenomenon.
The reliability of romantic love: A reliability generalization meta‐analysis
Authors: GRAHAM JAMES M. , CHRISTIANSEN KENAN 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe present study is a reliability‐generalization meta‐analysis of 5 commonly used measures of romantic love: Rubin’s Loving and Liking scales, the Love Attitudes Scale, the Love Attitudes Scale–Short Form, the Passionate Love Scale, and the Triangular Love Scale. Data from 127 studies representing 38,132 participants provided internal consistency reliability estimates. The studies provide information on the average score reliability across studies and the effect of sample characteristics on score reliability across measures. The reliability of scores from several measures proved to be susceptible to the influence of sample characteristics, most notably, the ethnicity of the sample. The discussion provides recommendations to researchers and focuses on the ramifications of score reliability on love research.
Assessing the health of a dyadic relationship in heterosexual and same‐sex partners
Authors: KURDEK LAWRENCE A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of a measure of monitoring the health of a dyadic relationship based on data from self‐report surveys completed by both partners from dating heterosexual, married heterosexual, cohabiting gay male, and cohabiting lesbian couples from the United States (Ns = 127, 46, 81, and 224, respectively). Covariation among the measure’s 7 items conformed to 1 latent factor. Intraclass correlations between partners from the same couple were positive. Gender effects occurred only for married couples, with wives having higher scores than husbands. One’s own and one’s partner’s monitoring accounted for unique variance in one’s own commitment, even with controls for other variables. Monitoring buffered the negative effects of neuroticism on commitment.
Outcomes for 236 patients from a 2‐year early intervention in psychosis service
Authors: Turner M. A. , Boden J. M. , Smith‐Hamel C. , Mulder R. T. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:  To examine: i) changes in key outcome measures over time in treatment in a representative first‐episode psychosis treatment cohort and ii) baseline predictors of service disengagement.Method:  Baseline characteristics of 236 patients were examined for associations with outcomes over time using generalized estimating equation models. The data on disengagement were analysed using logistic regression.Results:  After controlling for admission scores, patients showed consistently improved outcomes while in treatment on functional recovery (unemployment, P < 0.01; HoNOS, P < 0.001; the Quality of Life Scale, P < 0.001; GAF, P < 0.05) but not symptomatology (as assessed by the PANSS and substance abuse). The 64 (33%) who disengaged were more likely to be unemployed (P < 0.01) and have higher HoNOS (P < 0.01) and GAF (P < 0.05) scores at baseline.Conclusion:  This evaluation has shown significant improvements in psychosocial functioning but not psychopathology during treatment at an Early Intervention for Psychosis Service. Despite attempts to retain patients, there is a high rate of treatment discontinuation.
Periodontitis and nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection: preliminary findings
Authors: Gomes‐Filho Isaac Suzart , Santos Carla M. L. , Cruz Simone S. , Passos Johelle de S. , Cerqueira Eneida de M. M. , Costa Maria da Conceição N. , Santana Teresinha C. , Seymour Gregory J. , Santos Carlos Antonio de S. T. , Barreto Maurício L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAim: To evaluate the possible association between periodontitis and nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).Material and Methods: A case–control study was conducted at a General Hospital in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. The sample consisted of 103 individuals: 22 cases (presence of nosocomial LRTI) and 81 controls (absence of nosocomial LRTI). The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing. The diagnosis of nosocomial LRTI was made in accordance with established medical criteria.Results: Invasive ventilation was much more frequent in cases (95.5%) than in controls (7.4%). An orotracheal tube was used in 81.8% of cases and in 7.4% of controls; bronchoaspiration was suspected in 81.8% of cases and in 6.2% of controls. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the clinical periodontal parameters between cases and controls. The crude odds ratio (OR) value for individuals with periodontitis having LRTI was not statistically significant [ORcrude=1.70; 95% confidence interval:(0.60–4.87)]. After including age, smoking and duration of hospitalization in the logistic regression, the adjusted OR for individuals with periodontitis having LRTI was statistically significant [ORadjusted=3.67 (1.01–13.53); p=0.049].Conclusions: A marginal association between periodontitis and LRTI was found when smoking, age and length of hospitalization were included as covariates. Patients with LRTI had a high frequency of suspected bronchoaspiration and this could explain the possible association of periodontal disease and LRTI found in this and other studies. Additional studies are needed to further clarify the possible relationship between periodontal disease and LRTI.
Demonstratives in Philosophy and Linguistics
Authors: Wolter Lynsey 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDemonstrative noun phrases (e.g., that guy, this) are of interest to philosophers of language and semanticists because they are sensitive to demonstrations or speaker intentions. The interpretation of a demonstrative therefore sheds light on the role of the context in natural language semantics. This survey reviews two types of approaches to demonstratives: Kaplan's direct reference treatment of demonstratives and other indexicals, and recent challenges to Kaplan's approach that focus on less obviously context‐sensitive uses of demonstratives. The survey then covers selected research on demonstratives in linguistics. This research offers new empirical puzzles and contrasting theoretical approaches to demonstratives.
Intelligent Design
Authors: Hasker William 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe intelligent design movement aspires to create a new scientific paradigm which will replace the existing Darwinian paradigm of evolution by random mutation and natural selection. However, the creation of such a paradigm is hampered by the fact that the movement pursues a ‘big tent’ strategy that refuses to make a choice between young‐earth creationism, old‐earth (progressive) creationism, and divinely directed natural selection. The latter two options are discussed in some detail, and it becomes apparent that either one presents difficult challenges that the movement shows no signs of overcoming. It is concluded that there are not good prospects for the creation of an alternative paradigm in the foreseeable future.
Do International Medical Graduates (IMGs) “Fill the Gap” in Rural Primary Care in the United States? A National Study
Authors: Thompson Matthew J. , Hagopian Amy , Fordyce Meredith , Hart L. Gary 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:
Context: The contribution that international medical graduates (IMGs) make to reducing the rural‐urban maldistribution of physicians in the United States is unclear. Quantifying the extent of such “gap filling” has significant implications for planning IMG workforce needs as well as other state and federal initiatives to increase the numbers of rural providers. Purpose: To compare the practice location of IMGs and US medical graduates (USMGs) practicing in primary care specialties. Methods: We used the 2002 AMA physician file to determine the practice location of all 205,063 primary care physicians in the United States. Practice locations were linked to the Rural‐Urban Commuting Areas, and aggregated into urban, large rural, small rural, and isolated small rural areas. We determined the difference between the percentage of IMGs and percentage of USMGs in each type of geographic area. This was repeated for each Census Division and state. Findings: One quarter (24.8% or 50,804) of primary care physicians in the United States are IMGs. IMGs are significantly more likely to be female (31.9% vs 29.9%, P < .0001), older (mean ages 49.7 and 47.1 year, P < .0001), and less likely to practice family medicine (19.0% vs 38%, P < .0001) than USMGs. We found only two Census Divisions in which IMGs were relatively more likely than USMGs to practice in rural areas (East South Central and West North Central). However, we found 18 states in which IMGs were more likely, and 16 in which they were less likely to practice in rural areas than USMGs. Conclusions: IMGs fill gaps in the primary care workforce in many rural areas, but this varies widely between states. Policies aimed to redress the rural‐urban physician maldistribution in the United States should take into account the vital role of IMGs.
Rurality and Birth Outcomes: Findings From Southern Appalachia and the Potential Role of Pregnancy Smoking
Authors: Bailey Beth A. , Cole Laura K. Jones 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:
Context: Rates of preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) vary by region, with disparities particularly evident in the Appalachian region of the South. Community conditions related to rurality likely contribute to adverse birth outcomes in this region. Purpose: This study examined associations between rurality and related community conditions, and newborn outcomes in southern Appalachia, and explored whether pregnancy smoking explained such associations. Methods: Data for all births in a southern Appalachian county over a 2‐year period were extracted from hospital records. Findings: Data were available for 4,144 births, with 45 different counties of residence. Babies born to women from completely rural counties, on average, weighed 700 g less, were 1.5 inches shorter, and were born over 3 weeks earlier than less rural infants. In addition, these babies were 4.5 times more likely to be LBW, 4 times more likely to be PTB, and 5 times more likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Effects were also found for per capita income, poverty rate, and unemployment rate, all of which were associated with rurality. Some, but not all of the association was explained by elevated rates of pregnancy smoking. Conclusions: Babies born to women residing in rural and economically depressed counties in southern Appalachia are at substantially increased risk for poor birth outcomes. Improving these outcomes in the rural South will likely require addressing access to health services and information, health care provider retention, transportation services, employment opportunities, and availability of public health services including smoking cessation assistance.
Bypassing the Local Rural Hospital for Outpatient Procedures
Authors: Saunders Charles , Bellamy Gail R. , Menachemi Nir , Chukmaitov Askar S. , Brooks Robert G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:
Purpose: To assess the amount of local rural hospital outpatient department (HOPD) bypass for outpatient procedures. Methods: We analyzed data on colonoscopies and upper gastrointestinal endoscopies performed in the state of Florida over the period 1997‐2004. Findings: Approximately, 53% of colonoscopy and 45% of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy patients bypassed their local rural hospital for treatment at either a free‐standing ambulatory surgical center (ASC) or a nonlocal hospital outpatient department. Independent predictors of bypass included risk‐adjusted severity of the patient's medical condition, insurance status, and race. Patients treated in ASCs were predominately healthier, white and commercially insured. Nonlocal HOPDs tend to treat a sicker cohort of patients who were publicly insured or under managed care. Conclusions: The results indicate that patients who bypass their local HOPD to an ASC differ from those bypassing to a nonlocal HOPD, and that patient factors influencing bypass for outpatient procedures differ from those influencing inpatient bypass. From a policy perspective, as procedures continue to migrate from the inpatient to the outpatient setting, bypassing the local rural hospital for treatment elsewhere could create conditions that negatively impact rural hospital operations.
Emergency Department Coverage by Primary Care Physicians in a Rural Practice‐Based Research Network: Incentives, Confidence, and Training
Authors: Lew Edward , Fagnan Lyle J. , Mattek Nora , Mahler Jo , Lowe Robert A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:
Context: In rural areas of the United States, emergency departments (EDs) are often staffed by primary care physicians, as contrasted to urban and suburban hospitals where ED coverage is usually provided by physicians who are residency‐trained in emergency medicine. Purpose: This study examines the reasons and incentives for rural Oregon primary care physicians to cover the ED and their reported measures of confidence and priorities for additional training. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of primary care physicians in rural Oregon who are members of the Oregon Rural Practice‐Based Research Network (ORPRN). The survey was sent to 70 primary care physicians in 27 rural Oregon practices. Findings: Fifty‐two of 70 (74%) ORPRN physicians representing 24 practices returned the questionnaire. Nineteen of the 52 responding physicians reported covering the ED. The majority (75%) of physicians covering the ED did so as a requirement for practice employment and/or hospital privileges. Physicians covering the ED reported low confidence in pediatric emergencies and expressed the need for additional training in pediatric emergencies as their top priority. Conclusions: Almost two fifths of surveyed primary care physicians in a rural practice‐based research network provide ED coverage. Based on these physicians' low levels of confidence and desire for additional training in pediatric emergencies, effective education models are needed for physicians covering the ED at their rural hospitals.
Extra‐Individual Correlates of Physical Activity Attainment in Rural Older Adults
Authors: Shores Kindal A. , West Stephanie T. , Theriault Daniel S. , Davison Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:
Context: Challenged with a higher incidence of disease, reduced social support, and less access to physical activity facilities and services, rural older adults may find healthy active living a challenge. Despite these challenges, some rural older adults manage to achieve active lifestyles. Purpose: This study investigates the relative importance of 4 extra‐individual correlates of physical activity to physical activity achievement in rural seniors. Methods: Data were drawn from mail questionnaires completed by 454 adults age 65 and over in 7 rural North Carolina counties. Findings: Results from an analysis of covariance indicate that respondents who approached CDC/ACSM recommended levels of physical activity were significantly more likely to report that they lived within walking distance to parks, perceived they had transportation to physical activity areas, had a partner with whom to be active, and felt activity facilities were safe. Next, 7 extra‐individual correlates of physical activity were entered into a backward logistic regression. The resultant model predicting physical activity achievement among rural older adults included social support for physical activity, a safe environment for physical activity, and reported ability to walk to a local park. Conclusions: Interventions designed to provide social support, heighten safety at activity areas and improve park infrastructure may provide opportunities to increase physical activity among seniors.
Sacred Space in the Ancient Near East
Authors: Wasilewska Ewa 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe focus of this article is to demonstrate how sacred space in the ancient Near East manifested itself, that is, how it was chosen and used; how it was differentiated from profane areas; and how viable it was for adaptation to socio‐political and socio‐religious changes. Due to the massive amount of available data on sacral places from ancient Anatolia, Egypt, Iran, Mesopotamia, and Syria‐Palestine only selected examples of temples and/or sanctuaries are discussed in general, sparing the reader their detailed descriptions but setting them up within an appropriate cultural context.
Gorham's disease: a case report and literature review
Authors: Patel R.M. , Ward D. , Moran N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:  Gorham's disease is an extremely rare disorder of unknown aetiology. The disease is characterised by spontaneous and progressive osteolysis of one or more skeletal bones. Occurrence in the maxillofacial region is rare with fewer than 40 reported cases affecting the facial and jawbones.Case report:  A 4‐year‐old child was admitted to a district general hospital with a 7‐day history of fever, sore throat, cough and pain in the left face and ear. Three months previously the patient had presented to a local dental hospital complaining of ‘tooth pain’. There was tenderness on examination of the temporomandibular joints and cervical spine, and marked trismus. The teeth were very mobile with extensive gingivitis present. The child was referred to Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children where he received cytotoxic therapy. The patient deteriorated and succumbed to the disease at 6 years of age.Discussion:  Prognosis of the disease is dependent on which structures are involved. Mandibular involvement is considered high‐risk. The presentation of generalised tooth pain and mobility in a child should raise the suspicion of a systemic disorder affecting the jaws. Gorham's disease is one such condition to consider.
Diffuse peripheral odontogenic fibroma
Authors: Ide F. , Shimoyama T. , Horie N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis report describes the case of a 12‐year‐old girl who presented with diffuse enlargements of the anterior gingiva in both jaws. The clinical diagnosis was an inflammatory hyperplasia, but gingivectomy samples from all involved sites showed similar histological features consistent with odontogenic fibroma. Another peculiar finding was generalised mottled enamel. This is the fifth case of a diffuse clinical variant of peripheral odontogenic fibroma documented in the literature.
Castleman's disease presenting within the cheek of a child
Authors: Katti S. , Bussell M.A. , Najran P. , ElRasheed A. , Prescott R.J. , Smith J.G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA case is presented of an 11‐year‐old male with an eventual diagnosis of extranodal Castleman's disease (hyaline vascular type). This was difficult to diagnose as attempts were made to remove what was believed to be a haematoma, and then a reactive lymph node within the left cheek. Subsequent histopathology revealed the true nature of this swelling.
Glandular odontogenic cyst: a case report
Authors: De Castro J.F.L. , Henriques Á.C.G. , Medeiros M.D. , Montenegro L.T. , Cazal C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare developmental lesion considered a distinct entity because of its uncommon histopathological characteristics. It has morphological similarities to other lesions, which makes its histopathological diagnosis challenging for some pathologists. This lesion can involve either jaws, but the anterior region of the mandible is the most affected area. It strikes distinct age groups, with an average patient age of 50 years. It can exhibit a tendency towards recurrence when conservative treatment is administered. It is believed that the low prevalence of GOC in the literature is because of not only its rarity, but principally to the fact that its main characteristics are also found in other pathological entities, thereby generating controversial diagnoses. The aim of the present article is to report a case of GOC in a 40‐year‐old female patient exhibiting an intrabone cyst in the anterior mandibular region. The initial diagnostic hypothesis by means of radiographic imaging was of a traumatic bone cyst. After histological analysis, the lesion was diagnosed as GOC. The specimen was stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and then with the Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) method. Through immunohistochemical analysis, the cyst tested positively for the Ki‐67 and p53 antibodies as well as high molecular pan‐cytokeratin.
Acute leukaemia masquerading as lower third molar pericoronitis
Authors: Collin J. , Anand P. , McLennan A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report a case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia that presented with trismus and swelling, mimicking lower wisdom tooth pericoronitis. This case highlights the importance of clinical vigilance and thorough history taking to exclude haematological malignancy in patients presenting with head and neck swellings.
Prediction of subclinical regional lymph node metastasis in stage I/II squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue based on clinical findings
Authors: Nakamori K. , Miyazaki A. , Tomihara K. , Sogabe Y. , Imai T. , Yamamoto T. , Hiratsuka H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:  Although tumour depth appears to be a powerful predictor of regional lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue, measurement is usually based on histological findings following surgical resection. The predictive value of clinical findings on lymph node metastasis in the absence of surgical intervention is unclear.Methods:  We retrospectively evaluated 90 previously untreated cases of stage I/II squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue to analyse the relationship between greatest dimension, growth pattern, depth of tumour and regional lymph node metastasis.Results:  Lymph node metastasis was recognised in 15 of 90 cases. A positive correlation between greatest dimension and tumour depth was seen for endophytic‐type tumours only. Logistic regression analysis revealed that growth pattern was an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0014).Conclusion:  Combination analysis of tumour growth pattern and greatest dimension may predict lymph node metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.