bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similar model reference adaptive control with bounded control effort
Authors: Balaguer P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this article, we propose an indirect similar model reference adaptive control scheme (SMRAC) in which the reference model is no longer constrained to be fixed but may be time varying in order to assure a bounded control effort, measured as the shift from the plant poles to the reference model poles. The reference model may be time varying, but its dimensionless description is kept constant; hence, the reference output, in a dimensional analysis sense, is similar. The similarity property guarantees that the dimensionless output properties of the reference model, such as the % overshoot, are kept unmodified during operation. The ideas presented in the paper allow the user to set a control effort level and the SMARC scheme maintains the control effort bounded while keeping the dimensionless properties of the reference output unaltered. This property is interesting because due to error parameter estimation and/or time‐varying system parameters, the use of a fixed reference model can lead to either problems on actuator saturation or loss in achievable performance. The proposed scheme keeps the control effort bounded, while the dimensionless output properties are kept constant. The ideas presented may be extended to other adaptive control schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active fault‐tolerant control for switched systems with time delay
Authors: Du Dongsheng , Jiang Bin , Shi Peng 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper focuses on the problem of active fault‐tolerant control for switched systems with time delay. By utilizing the fault diagnosis observer, an adaptive fault estimate algorithm is proposed, which can estimate the fault signal fast and exactly. Meanwhile, a delay‐dependent criterion is obtained with the purpose of reducing the conservatism of the adaptive observer design. Based on the fault estimation information, an observer‐based fault‐tolerant controller is designed to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system. In terms of linear matrix inequality, sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of the adaptive observer and fault‐tolerant controller. Finally, a numerical example is included to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical follow‐up of young adults affected by Williams syndrome: Experience of 45 Italian patients
Authors: Bedeschi Maria Francesca , Bianchi Vera , Colli Anna Maria , Natacci Federica , Cereda Anna , Milani Donatella , Maitz Silvia , Lalatta Faustina , Selicorni Angelo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWilliams–Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a multisystem disorder that requires ongoing management by a primary care physician familiar with the natural history and specific medical problems associated with the condition. While the natural history of the disease during infancy is well known, data about the adult WBS population have been published only in the last few years, and show a wide range of medical, neurological, and psychiatric problems. We investigated 45 young adult WBS patients (mean age 23 years, range 17–39 years) using a well‐coordinated team which included a cardiologist, a nephrologist, an ophthalmologist, an endocrinologist, a gastroenterologist, orthodontist, and orthopedist. Here we describe the clinical features and medical complications in this cohort of patients. Most patients demonstrated a high frequency of multiple organ systems complications, in particular, abnormal body habitus; cardiovascular disease, and hypertension; sensorineural hearing loss; gastrointestinal symptoms including diverticular disease and abnormal glucose tolerance. We offer some suggestions for clinical monitoring which we propose will be useful in the overall care of adults with WBS. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microdeletion of 17q22q23.2 encompassing TBX2 and TBX4 in a patient with congenital microcephaly, thyroid duct cyst, sensorineural hearing loss, and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Nimmakayalu Manjunath , Major Heather , Sheffield Val , Solomon Donald H. , Smith Richard J. , Patil Shivanand R. , Shchelochkov Oleg A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMicrodeletions of the long arm of chromosome 17 are being reported with increasing frequency. Deletions of 17q22q23.2 may represent a genetically recognizable phenotype although its spectrum of genomic abnormalities, clinical manifestations, and critical regions are not fully delineated. Isolated reports and small case series suggest that deletions of 17q22q23.2 result in haploinsufficiency of dosage sensitive genes NOG, TBX2, and TBX4, which may be responsible for many aspects of the phenotype. Shared clinical features in this group of patients include microcephaly, prenatal onset growth restriction, heart defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, and esophageal atresia (TEF/EA), skeletal anomalies, and moderate to severe global developmental delay. We describe a female patient who presented with severe congenital microcephaly, thyroglossal duct cyst, sensorineural hearing loss, mild tracheomalacia, abnormal auricles, pulmonary hypertension, developmental delay, and postnatal onset growth delay. She had no TEF/EA or heart defects. Using a high density oligonucleotide microarray, we identified a microdeletion at 17q22q23.2, resulting in the heterozygous loss of several genes, including TBX2 and TBX4 but not NOG. The breakpoints did not lie within known segmental duplications. This case helps to further delineate the critical region for TEF/EA, which is likely confined to the chromosomal region proximal to 17q23.1, and suggests that genes in 17q23.1q23.2 may be associated with thyroglossal duct cysts. The role of TBX2 and TBX4 in pulmonary hypertension warrants investigation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The severe end of the spectrum: Hypoplastic left heart in Potocki‐Lupski syndrome
Authors: Sanchez‐Valle Amarilis , Pierpont Mary Ella , Potocki Lorraine 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPotocki‐Lupski syndrome (PTLS) is a recently described microduplication syndrome associated with duplication 17p11.2, including the RAI1 gene. Features of PTLS include hypotonia, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, developmental delay and behavioral abnormalities including autistic spectrum disorder, anxiety, and inattention. Cardiovascular anomalies were not recognized as a feature of duplication 17p11.2 until 2007 when noted in over 50% of a clinically characterized cohort. We report a patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome whose diagnosis of PTLS was delayed until a genetic evaluation at age 4 years because of severe expressive language impairment. We suggest that array comparative genomic hybridization be performed in infants with severe congenital heart defects. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autism spectrum disorders and autistic traits: A decade of new twin studies
Authors: Ronald Angelica , Hoekstra Rosa A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractResearchers continue to pursue a better understanding of the symptoms, comorbidities, and causes of autism spectrum disorders. In this article we review more than 30 twin studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and autistic traits published in the last decade that have contributed to this endeavor. These twin studies have reported on the heritability of autism spectrum disorders and autistic traits in different populations and using different measurement and age groups. These studies have also stimulated debate and new hypotheses regarding why ASDs show substantial symptom heterogeneity, and what causes their comorbidity with intellectual disability, language delay, and other psychiatric disorders such as ADHD. These studies also reveal that the etiology of autism and autistic traits assessed in the general population is more similar than different, which contributes to the question of where the boundary lies between autism and typical development. Recent findings regarding molecular genetic and environmental causes of autism are discussed in the relation to these twin studies. Lastly, methodological assumptions of the twin design are given consideration, as well as issues of measurement. Future research directions are suggested to ensure that this decade is as productive as the last in attempting to disentangle the causes of autism spectrum disorders. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of ANK3 with bipolar disorder confirmed in East Asia
Authors: Takata Atsushi , Kim Se Hyun , Ozaki Norio , Iwata Nakao , Kunugi Hiroshi , Inada Toshiya , Ujike Hiroshi , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Mori Norio , Ahn Yong Min , Joo Eun‐Jeong , Song Joo Yun , Kanba Shigenobu , Yoshikawa Takeo , Kim Yong Sik , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractResults of genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) for bipolar disorder (BD) have indicated ANK3 as one of the most promising candidates for a susceptibility gene. In this study, we performed genetic association analysis of two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ANK3 (rs1938526 and rs10994336), whose genome‐wide significant associations were reported in a previous meta‐analysis of GWASs, using genotyping data of Korean and Japanese case–control samples and a part of data from a GWAS in Han‐Chinese from Taiwan. The total number of participants was 2,212 cases (352 from Korea, 860 from Japan, and 1,000 from Taiwan) and 2,244 controls (349 from Korea, 895 from Japan, and 1,000 from Taiwan). We could not detect any significant difference of allele frequency in individual analyses using each of the three populations. However, when we combined the three data sets and performed a meta‐analysis, rs1938526 showed nominally significant association (P = 0.048, odds ratio = 1.09). The over‐represented allele in BD was same as that reported in Caucasian GWASs. On the other hand, any significant association was not detected in rs10994336. This discrepancy between two SNPs may be explained by the different degree of linkage disequilibrium between Asian and Caucasian. These findings further supported the association between ANK3 and BD, and also suggested the genomic region around rs1938526 as a common risk locus across ethnicities. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glucocorticoid receptor haplotype is associated with a decreased risk of delirium in the elderly
Authors: Manenschijn L. , van Rossum E.F.C. , Jetten A.M. , de Rooij S.E. , van Munster B.C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDelirium is the most common mental disorder at older age in hospitals after acute admission. The pathogenesis of delirium is largely unknown. Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, leading to increased cortisol levels, has been suggested to play a role in the development of delirium. The effects of cortisol, the most important glucocorticoid (GC) in humans, are mainly mediated by the GC receptor (GR). Several polymorphisms in the GR gene that alter the GC sensitivity are known. The aim of this study was to study the role of these GR polymorphisms in delirium in elderly patients. Patients aged 65 years and older admitted to the medical department or scheduled for hip surgery were included. Delirium was diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Method. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms in the GC receptor gene were genotyped and haplotypes were constructed. Delirium was associated with impaired cognitive (P < 0.001) and functional function (P < 0.001), as well as with older age (P < 0.001). Homozygous carriers of haplotype 4, characterized by the presence of the BclI and TthIIII minor alleles, had a 92% decreased risk of developing delirium (P = 0.02), independent of age, cognitive, and functional state. Homozygous carriage of the BclI‐TthIIII haplotype of the GR gene is related to a reduced risk of developing delirium. This suggests that altered GC signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis and development of delirium in the elderly. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A phenotype‐based genetic association study reveals the contribution of neuregulin1 gene variants to age of onset and positive symptom severity in schizophrenia
Authors: Papiol Sergi , Begemann Martin , Rosenberger Albert , Friedrichs Heidi , Ribbe Katja , Grube Sabrina , Schwab Markus H. , Jahn Henriette , Gunkel Stefan , Benseler Fritz , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Ehrenreich Hannelore 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBy pure endpoint diagnosis of the disease, the risk of developing schizophrenia has been repeatedly associated with specific variants of the neuregulin1 (NRG1) gene. However, the role of NRG1 in the etiology of schizophrenia has remained unclear. Since Nrg1 serves vital functions in early brain development of mice, we hypothesized that human NRG1 alleles codetermine developmentally influenced readouts of the disease: age of onset and positive symptom severity. We analyzed 1,071 comprehensively phenotyped schizophrenic/schizoaffective patients, diagnosed according to DSM‐IV‐TR, from the GRAS (Göttingen Research Association for Schizophrenia) Data Collection for genetic variability in the Icelandic region of risk in the NRG1 gene. For the case‐control analysis part of the study, we included 1,056 healthy individuals with comparable ethnicity. The phenotype‐based genetic association study (PGAS) was performed on the GRAS sample. Instead of a risk constellation, we detected that several haplotypic variants of NRG1 were, unexpectedly, less frequent in the schizophrenic than in the control sample (mean OR = 0.78, range between 0.68 and 0.85). In the PGAS we found that these “protective” NRG1 variants are specifically underrepresented in subgroups of schizophrenic subjects with early age of onset and high positive symptom load. The GRAS Data Collection as a prerequisite for PGAS has enabled us to associate protective NRG1 genotypes with later onset and milder course of schizophrenia. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pallidal dysfunction drives a cerebellothalamic circuit into Parkinson tremor
Authors: Helmich Rick C. , Janssen Marcel J. R. , Oyen Wim J. G. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Toni Ivan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by striatal dopamine depletion, which explains clinical symptoms such as bradykinesia and rigidity, but not resting tremor. Instead, resting tremor is associated with increased activity in a distinct cerebellothalamic circuit. To date, it remains unknown how the interplay between basal ganglia and the cerebellothalamic circuit can result in resting tremor.Methods:We studied 21 tremor‐dominant PD patients, 23 nontremor PD patients, and 36 controls. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured functional connectivity between basal ganglia nuclei (globus pallidus internus [GPi], globus pallidus externus [GPe], putamen, caudate) and the cerebellothalamic circuit. Using electromyography during scanning, we measured tremor‐related activity in the basal ganglia and cerebellothalamic circuit. We also quantified striatopallidal dopamine depletion using iodine‐123‐N‐omega‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)tropane [[I‐123]FP‐CIT] single photon emission computed tomography.Results:Pallidal (but not striatal) dopamine depletion correlated with clinical tremor severity. The GPi, GPe, and putamen were transiently activated at the onset of tremor episodes, whereas activity in the cerebellothalamic circuit cofluctuated with tremor amplitude. The GPi and putamen of tremor‐dominant PD patients had increased functional connectivity with the cerebellothalamic circuit, which was relegated through the motor cortex.Interpretation:Resting tremor may result from a pathological interaction between the basal ganglia and the cerebellothalamic circuit. The cerebellothalamic circuit, which controls tremor amplitude, appears to be driven into tremor generation when receiving transient signals from the dopamine‐depleted basal ganglia. This may explain why basal ganglia dysfunction is required for developing resting tremor, although a cerebellothalamic circuit produces it. Our model also clarifies why neurosurgical interventions targeted at either the basal ganglia or the cerebellothalamic circuit can both suppress tremor. Ann Neurol 2011
Preparation of amphiphilic acrylic acid copolymer and its application in humidity‐sensitive coatings
Authors: Wang Rongmin , Wang Junfeng , Lv Weihua , Guo Junfeng , He Yufeng , Jiang Menglan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new kind of water‐dispersed resin, amphiphilic acrylic acid copolymer resin was prepared by hydrophilic monomer, hydrophobic monomer, and functional monomer (diacetone acrylamide). The effect of acid value and diacetone acrylamide concentration on water solubility was investigated. It showed that the acid value should be greater than 100 mg KOH/g. The coating properties of the amphiphilic acrylic acid copolymer resin and its film were measured, which showed excellent properties in hardness, gloss, and water resistance. It was applied to prepare the humidity‐sensitive coatings. The water absorption of humidity‐sensitive coatings was 260%. It could increase indoor humidity or dehumidify in dry or moist environment. On the basis of scanning electron microscopy images, the mechanism of humidity‐sensitive activity was also discussed. The humidity‐sensitive exhibited humidity sensitivity and excellent humidity retention because fillers of porous structure combined with amphiphilic copolymer. It could be widely applied in indoor coating for controlling humidity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Early‐Transition‐Metal Catalysts with Phenoxy–Imine‐Type Ligands for the Oligomerization of Ethylene
Authors: Kinoshita Shinsuke , Kawamura Kazumori , Fujita Terunori 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEarly‐transition‐metal complexes incorporating phenoxy–imine‐type bidentate and tridentate ligands, after activation, can achieve selective as well as nonselective ethylene oligomerization to produce 1‐hexene, linear α‐olefins, and vinyl‐terminated low‐molecular‐weight polyethylenes, all with high efficiency.
Effect of supplementation of micronutrients and phytochemicals to fructooligosaccharides on growth response of probiotics and E. coli
Authors: Yadav Supriya , Gite Snehal , Nilegaonkar Smita , Agte Vaishali 
Published: January 2011

AbstractProbiotics and prebiotics, which can change the colonic microenvironment, are the areas of current interest. Unutilizable fractions of the foods and fortificants, which reach the colon can affect the profile of probiotics. Effects of eight such factors viz. zinc sulphate, zinc carbonate, ferrous sulphate, ferric citrate, quercetin, gallic acid, phytic acid, and oxalic acid were, therefore, investigated on 24 H growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L1) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L2), two isolates of bifidobacteria (longum (L3) and bifidum (L4)) and a marketed consortium (L5) of eight probiotic cultures. MRS medium with marketed fructooligosaccharide as the only source of carbon was used for study of dose response curves. Quercetin and zinc sulphate showed significant positive effect for L1 and L5 (P < 0.01), whereas there was slight positive effect or no effect on growth of other probiotics. Phytic acid showed a significant inhibitory effect for L2 and a slight inhibitory effect on L3 and L4 whereas L5 were able to tolerate phytic acid. Oxalic acid had slight positive effect for L1 (P < 0.05) and L5 and no effect on growth of other probiotics (P > 0.05). Further, zinc sulphate, ferrous sulphate, quercetin, and oxalic acid significantly inhibited growth of E. coli (P < 0.05) © 2011 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
A randomized comparison of manual versus mechanical thrombus removal in primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the treatment of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (TREAT‐MI)
Authors: Vink Maarten A. , Patterson Mark S. , Etten Jeroen van , Ijsselmuiden Alexander J.J. , Dirksen Maurits T. , Amoroso Giovanni , Slagboom Ton , Laarman GertJan , Kiemeneij Ferdinand 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and long‐term clinical outcome of manual thrombus aspiration with the Export catheter (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) versus mechanical thrombus cutting/aspiration with the X‐sizer system (eV3, White Bear Lake, MN) in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Background: In PPCI for acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), markers of myocardial reperfusion are improved with adjunctive thrombectomy. Previous studies of different devices showed a variability in performance, suitability, and short‐term clinical outcome. In current literature, no direct comparison is available. Methods: We prospectively randomized 201 patients admitted for PPCI for STEMI to either the Export catheter or the X‐sizer prior to stent deployment. Technical success in advancing to and across the lesion, improvement of flow, reduction of thrombus, and the effect on ST‐segment resolution were examined. The primary endpoint of the follow‐up study was the combined endpoint of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), or target‐vessel revascularization (TVR) at 3 years. Results: Although the Export catheter was more successfully deployed, other procedural parameters were similar with a trend toward better ST‐segment resolution (56.6% vs. 44%; P = 0.06) as compared to the X‐sizer system. The occurrence of the primary clinical endpoint at 3 years was 22.2% and 18.6%, respectively (HR 1.20; 95% CI 0.65–2.22; P = 0.35). Conclusion: Despite shorter procedural times, better lesion crossing, and fewer complications, both surrogate endpoints as well as 3‐year clinical follow‐up were similar with the use of the Export catheter as compared to the X‐sizer system. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration coronary thrombectomy for acute myocardial infarction increases myocardial salvage
Authors: Ciszewski Michał , Pregowski Jerzy , Teresińska Anna , Karcz Maciej , Kalińczuk Łukasz , Pracon Radosław , Witkowski Adam , Rużyłło Witold 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the study was to assess if aspiration thrombectomy in high risk patients with STEMI and angiographic evidence of thrombus may improve myocardial salvage. Background: It is unclear if thrombus aspiration before percutaneous intervention (PCI) improves myocardial salvage. Methods: The trial was a prospective randomized study. The inclusion criteria were: first STEMI within 12 hr from symptoms onset, culprit lesion in left anterior descending or right coronary artery, culprit artery TIMI flow ≤ 2 and angiographic evidence of thrombus. The primary endpoint was myocardial salvage index (MSI) as assessed by 99mTc‐sestamibi SPECT imaging. Results: We randomized 137 patients (98 male, mean age 64.1 ± 12.5 years) either to aspiration thrombectomy followed by standard PCI with stent implantation (n = 67) or to standard primary PCI (n = 70). Index perfusion defect was similar in both study groups: 34.2% ± 13.1% in thrombectomy group versus 37.1% ± 12.0% in primary PCI group (P = 0.2). MSI was larger in aspiration thrombectomy group than in control patients [25.4% (IQR 13.5–44) vs. 18.5% (IQR 7.7–30.3) respectively, P = 0.02]. The final infarct size was smaller in patients treated with aspiration thrombectomy (23.1% ± 13.3% vs. 28.9% ± 10.2% in the control group, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Aspiration thrombectomy improves myocardial salvage in high risk STEMI patients with angiographic evidence of thrombus. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute myocardial infarction caused by multivessel coronary spasm due to calcium channel blocker withdrawal
Authors: Kostis William J. , Suh William M. , Palacios Igor F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCalcium channel blockers are a commonly used class of medications for the management of hypertension, angina, and superventricular tachyarrhythmias. Abrupt withdrawal of these agents can precipitate coronary vasospasm, which may result in myocardial infarction. We present the case of a 47‐year‐old woman who sustained an acute myocardial infarction mediated by multivessel coronary vasospasm secondary to verapamil withdrawal and the associated interventional management. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.