bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial resistance of Southern Runner, Arachis hypogaea, to stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1
Authors: Brenneman T. B. , Branch W. D. , Csinos A. S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The susceptibility of 16 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (eight Virginia and eight runner types) to southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) was evaluated in field tests over three years. Mean disease incidence for all cultivars was 10.0, 15.4 and 16.4 disease loci per 12.2 m row and average yields were 3488, 2826 and 3569 kg/ha in 1986, 1987 and 1988, respectively. Disease incidence averaged 14.3 disease loci per 12.2 m of row for both market types. The mean yield for the eight Virginia types was 3287 kg/ha versus 3214 for the eight runner types. Culitvars within market types varied significantly in disease incidence and pod yield. Of the Virginia types, NC 6 and Florigiant were the most susceptible with NC 9, VA 81B and Early Bunch being the most resistant. Incidence of stem rot in runner cultivars was high except for Southern Runner and Langley which had about 50% less disease than the most susceptible entries. There was a highly significant correlation (P≤0.01) between yields and disease incidence all three years. Overall, Southern Runner had the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield of any cultivar. Compared to Florunner, the current industry standard for runner types, Southern Runner had about 50% less disease and yields were 1346 kg/ha higher.
A Root Tube - Pegging Pan Apparatus: Preliminary Observations and Effects of Soil Water in the Pegging Zone1
Authors: Bennett J. M. , Sexton P. J. , Boote K. J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Soil conditions, especially water deficits in either the pegging or rooting zone or both, affect pod initiation and seed development of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The objectives of this study were to 1) construct a root tube - pegging pan apparatus which would allow for physical separation of the rooting and pegging zones, 2) determine growth and development of peanut when grown in the apparatus, and 3) examine the effects of soil water in the pegging zone on the initiation and development of peanut fruits. An experimental apparatus was constructed to provide a mechanism for separation of the rooting and pegging zones, allowing for independent control of soil water in both zones. Root tubes (1.6 m long and 15 cm in dia.) were constructed of polyvinyl chloride tubing. Watering access tubes were inserted at 0, 0.5 and 1.0 m from the top of the root tube. The top of the root tube was closed with a convex cap having a 5-cm central hole through which a peanut plant was allowed to grow. A pegging pan (50 cm long × 35 cm wide × 20 cm deep) was fitted around the upper portion of the root tube. Preliminary studies demonstrated satisfactory shoot growth and pod development of peanut plants grown in the apparatus provided over-watering was avoided. It also appeared that pods and seeds formed in air-dry pegging zone soil. To examine this in more detail, an experiment was conducted comparing the effects of air-dry vs. moist (7 to 12% water by weight) pegging zone soil on pod and seed formation. The air-dry pegging zone reduced the percentage of tagged pegs which developed into full pods (those having reached full expansion) from 61 to 48% and reduced the growth rate of developing seeds and pods by 18 and 29%, respectively. The root tube - pegging pan apparatus provided a useful technique to gain a better understanding of peanut pod formation as influenced by soil water environments in the pegging zone.
Isozyme Variability in Mature Seeds of U. S. Peanut Cultivars and Collections1
Authors: Grieshammer Uta , Wynne J. C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The mature seeds of 61 U. S. peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, one breeding and six exotic peanut lines representing three botanical types were surveyed for 25 enzyme systems using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. The genotypes assayed showed no variation for most of the enzymes. For catalase and malate dehydrogenase, variability was present but not reproducibly within genotypes. Only three enzymes—glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI)—were consistently polymorphic. Each of the three enzymes displayed two different banding patterns. With three exceptions, the distribution of the zymograms for GOT and PHI reflected the taxonomic relatedness of Spanish and Valencia botanical type peanuts which are members of the subspecies A. hypogaea L. ssp. fastigiata Waldron when compared with Virginia botanical varieties which belong to the subspecies hypogaea. IDH showed only one banding pattern for the Spanish- and valencia-type peanuts (one exception), whereas the virginia-type cultivars varied for this enzyme reflecting the narrow genetic base of most Spanish cultivars and the broader germplasm base used for the development of Virginia cultivars. The limited amount of variability appears to restrict the applicability of isozymes as genetic markers in the cultivated peanut.
Comparison of Pneumatic and Automatic Spout Samplers to Determine Grade of Farmers Stock Peanuts
Authors: Davidson J. I. , Tsai Y. J. , Dowell F. E. , Dorner J. W. , Cole R. J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
There were significant differences in performance of the pneumatic sampler (PS) and automatic spout sampler (ASpS) as determined by differences in mean values or variability for several grade factors. Significant differences in mean were found for loose shelled kernels (LSK), foreign material (FM), sound mature kernels (SMK) and other kernels (OK). Significant differences in variability were also found for LSK, sound mature kernels plus sound splits (SMK+SS) and total kernels (TK). The mean LSK averaged 1.6 percentage points higher for samples taken with the PS than for those taken with the ASpS. Evidently the PS shelled out a small percentage of the peanuts during the sampling process. This shelling action of the PS may have contributed to the slightly higher estimations of foreign material (FM) and other kernels (OK) and the slightly lower estimation of total sound mature kernels (SMK+SS) than obtained with the ASpS. When applying 1988 quota prices to the average grade for these 14 loads of peanuts, the value for 0.90 metric ton (1 ton) of peanuts was $18.60 higher for peanuts using the ASpS compared to the same amount using the PS. This higher value would be an important factor when considering new marketing strategies that use the ASpS or similar in-line samplers. When using the PS and AsPs, the grade (except for SMK) tended to overestimate the plant outturns. Linear regression equations were developed to relate grade estimates to plant outturns.
A new one parameter viscosity model for binary mixtures
Authors: Fang Sheng , He Chao‐Hong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Grunberg & Nissian equation with one parameter is widely recommended in the viscosity calculation. However, it is demonstrated that this equation fails to generate satisfactory results for size‐asymmetric mixtures containing large and small molecules. In this work, a new one parameter viscosity model for binary mixtures has been developed on the basis of Eyring's absolute reaction rate theory and the Flory‐Huggins equation. The concept of molecular surface fraction is introduced for modeling liquid mixture viscosities. The viscosity calculations of the new equation are compared with the Grunberg & Nissian equation for a broad range of chemical mixtures including 527 binary systems (containing 63 binary ionic liquid cosolvent systems) and total 17,268 viscosity points. The new equation was found to have an improved performance over the frequently employed Grunberg & Nissian equation, especially for size‐asymmetric mixtures containing large and small molecules. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57: 517–524, 2011
Nonfatal tool‐ or equipment‐related injuries treated in US emergency departments among workers in the construction industry, 1998–2005
Authors: Lipscomb Hester J. , Schoenfisch Ashley L. , Shishlov Kirill S. , Myers Douglas J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals in the construction industry are exposed to a variety of tools and pieces of equipment as they work.MethodsData from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) occupational supplement to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS‐Work) were used to characterize tool‐ and equipment–related injuries among workers in the construction industry that were treated in US emergency departments between 1998 and 2005. Based on a national stratified probability sample of US hospitals with 24 hr emergency services, NEISS‐Work allows calculation of national injury estimates.ResultsOver the 8‐year period between 1998 and 2005, we estimated 786,900 (95% CI 546,600–1,027,200) ED‐treated tool‐ or equipment‐related injuries identified by the primary or secondary source of injury code. These injuries accounted for a quarter of all ED‐treated construction industry injuries. Although over 100 different tools or pieces of equipment were responsible for these injuries, seven were responsible for over 65% of the injury burden: ladders, nail guns, power saws, hammers, knives, power drills, and welding tools in decreasing order.ConclusionsCurrent injury estimates and their severity, marked by the proportion of cases that were not released after ED treatment, indicate interventions are particularly needed to prevent injuries associated with use of ladders as well as nail guns and power saws. Attention should focus on design and guarding to more efficiently prevent these injuries rather than simply calling for the training of workers in how to safely use a dangerous tool or piece of equipment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53: 581–587, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linking MECP2 and pain sensitivity: The example of Rett syndrome
Authors: Downs Jenny , Géranton Sandrine M. , Bebbington Ami , Jacoby Peter , Bahi‐Buisson Nadia , Ravine David , Leonard Helen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecent animal studies suggest links between MeCP2 function and sensitivity to pain. This study investigated the nature and prevalence of atypical pain responses in Rett syndrome and their relationships with specific MECP2 mutations. Families enrolled in the Australian Rett Syndrome Database (ARSD) and InterRett database participated in this study. Cases with a known MECP2 pathogenic mutation, whose families had completed a questionnaire on registration and had answered questions on pain sensitivity were included (n = 646). Logistic regression was used to analyze relationships between the atypical pain responses and genotype. Descriptions of decreased pain sensitivity were content analyzed. The prevalence estimate of reporting an abnormal pain response was 75.2% and a decreased sensitivity to pain was 65.0% in the population‐based ARSD. Families of ARSD and InterRett subjects with a C‐terminal (OR 2.6; 95% CI 0.8–8.0), p.R168X (OR 2.1; 95% CI 0.7–6.1), or p.R306C (OR 2.7; 95% CI 0.8–9.6) mutation were more likely to report decreased sensitivity to pain. Parents and carers described decreased and delayed responses in situations judged likely to cause pain such as injections, falls, trauma, and burns. This study has provided the first precise estimate of the prevalence of abnormal sensitivity to pain in Rett syndrome but specific relationships with genotype are not yet clear. Clinical practice should include a low threshold for the clinical assessment of potential injuries in Rett syndrome. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of chemical structure of hardener on mechanical and adhesive properties of epoxy polymers
Authors: González Garcia Filiberto , Leyva Maria Elena , Oliveira Marcia Gomes , De Queiroz Alvaro Antonio Alencar , Simões Alexandre Zirpoli 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe mechanical and adhesive properties of epoxy formulations based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured with various aliphatic amines were evaluated in the glass state. Impact and uniaxial compression tests were used to determine the impact energy, elastic modulus and yield stress, respectively. The adhesion tests were carried out in steel–steel joints using single‐lap shear, T‐peel, and impact adhesive joints geometry. The better mechanical and adhesive behavior of the networks is obtained when exists high flexibility of chain between crosslink and/or high elastic modulus. The 1‐(2‐aminoethyl)piperazine epoxy network presents the best adhesive properties, high flexibility, and the largest impact energy. However, it possesses low elastic modulus and yield stress. Also, exhibits increases in peel strength and impact energy while reductions in lap shear strength. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effects of a pretreatment with N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide on the structures and properties of ramie
Authors: Gao Ming , Chen Sheng , Han Jinshi , Luo Denghong , Zhao Ling , Zheng Qingkang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo improve the dyeing properties of ramie, the ecofriendly organic solvent N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide (NMMO) was used to substitute sodium hydroxide as a ramie‐fiber swelling solvent. Through padding and baking pretreatment, ramie fabric was modified by an NMMO aqueous solution. Ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to investigate the effects of NMMO pretreatment on the structure of the ramie, whereas the color strength (K/S, where K is the light absorption coefficient and S is the scattering coefficient), adsorption isotherm, and dye uptake rate curve were measured to investigate the effects of NMMO pretreatment on the dyeing properties of the ramie. The results show that the ramie fiber experienced a limited and irreversible swelling because of the partial breakage of interhydrogen and intrahydrogen bonds of cellulose molecules in the amorphous area, but the crystal and chemical structure of the ramie fiber did not change obviously under the experimental conditions. The K/S value of the NMMO‐modified ramie fabrics dyed with reactive dyes increased by about 100%, and the dye uptake increased by 27.88% compared to that of the raw sample, whereas the standard affinity and diffusion coefficient value of the reactive dyes on the NMMO‐modified ramie fabric were higher than those of the raw ramie fabric. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The role of spirituality in medical school and psychiatry residency education
Authors: LoboPrabhu Sheila , Lomax James 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Association of American Medical Colleges recommends addressing and teaching spirituality in the medical curriculum. Stimulated by the competitive awards program of the Templeton Foundation, medical schools and psychiatry residency programs have sought to devise curricula to teach how to take a spiritual history and how to provide spiritually sensitive care. Some of this teaching occurs in a formal learning environment by means of lectures, seminars, and on teaching rounds. However, this form of teaching predominantly affects knowledge about spiritually sensitive care. In order to promote receptive attitudes and to develop clinical skills in learners for incorporating religion and spirituality into patient care, attention needs to be directed on how to influence individualized learning and the “hidden curriculum.” This can be done by experiential learning such as role play, empathy training, observation of role models and participation in chaplaincy rounds. Special clinical environments such as cancer care, geriatric psychiatry, geriatric care clinics or units, palliative care, pediatrics, and substance abuse clinics provide rich environments to learn about spiritual issues in patient care. Use of appropriate tools to measure outcomes can provide an evidence base for determining efficacious teaching about spirituality and religion in patient care. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized bone loss as a predictor of three‐year radiographic damage in African American patients with recent‐onset rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zhang Jie , Redden David T. , McGwin Gerald , Callahan Leigh F. , Smith Edwin A. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Moreland Larry W. , van der Heijde Désirée M. , Brown Elizabeth E. , Arnett Donna K. , Mikuls Ted R. , Bridges S. Louis 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between baseline bone mineral density (BMD) and radiographic damage at 3 years of disease duration in a longitudinal cohort of African Americans with recent‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsAfrican American RA patients with a disease duration of <2 years (n = 141) were included in the study. All patients underwent baseline BMD measurements (femoral neck and/or lumbar spine) using dual x‐ray absorptiometry. T scores were calculated using normative data from the general population of African Americans. Patients were categorized as having osteopenia/osteoporosis (T score less than or equal to −1) or as being healthy. Hand and wrist radiographs, obtained at baseline and at 3 years of disease duration, were scored using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde method. The association between baseline BMD and total radiographic score at 3 years of disease was examined using multivariable negative binomial regression.ResultsAt baseline, the mean age and the mean disease duration were 52.4 years and 14.8 months, respectively; 85.1% of the patients were women. The average total radiographic scores at baseline and at 3 years of disease were 2.4 and 5.7, respectively. In the final reduced multivariable model, adjusting for age, sex, anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positivity, and the presence of radiographic damage at baseline, the total radiographic score at 3 years disease in patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis of the femoral neck was twice that in patients with normal bone density, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0084). No association between lumbar spine osteopenia/osteoporosis and radiographic score was found.ConclusionOur findings suggest that reduced generalized BMD may be a predictor of future radiographic damage and support the hypothesis that radiographic damage and reduced generalized BMD in RA patients may share a common pathogenic mechanism.
A Robust Method for Large‐Scale Multiple Hypotheses Testing
Authors: Han Seungbong , Andrei Adin‐Cristian , Tsui Kam‐Wah 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWhen drawing large‐scale simultaneous inference, such as in genomics and imaging problems, multiplicity adjustments should be made, since, otherwise, one would be faced with an inflated type I error. Numerous methods are available to estimate the proportion of true null hypotheses π0, among a large number of hypotheses tested. Many methods implicitly assume that the π0 is large, that is, close to 1. However, in practice, mid‐range π0 values are frequently encountered and many of the widely used methods tend to produce highly variable or biased estimates of π0. As a remedy in such situations, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian model that produces an estimator of π0 that exhibits considerably less bias and is more stable. Simulation studies seem indicative of good method performance even when low‐to‐moderate correlation exists among test statistics. Method performance is assessed in simulated settings and its practical usefulness is illustrated in an application to a type II diabetes study.
Programmed‐Assembly System Using DNA Jigsaw Pieces
Authors: Endo Masayuki , Sugita Tsutomu , Katsuda Yousuke , Hidaka Kumi , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA novel method for assembling multiple DNA origami structures has been developed by using designed 2D DNA origami rectangles, so‐called “DNA jigsaw pieces” that have sequence‐programmed connectors. Shape and sequence complementarity were introduced to the concavity and convex connectors in the DNA rectangles for selective connection with the help of nonselective π‐stacking interactions between the side edges of the DNA jigsaw piece structures. Single DNA jigsaw piece units were assembled into unidirectional nanostructures with the correct alignment and uniform orientation. Three and five different DNA jigsaw pieces were assembled into predesigned and ordered nanostructures in a programmed fashion. Finally, three‐, four‐, and five‐letter words have been displayed by using this programmed DNA jigsaw piece system.
Association of local capacity for endoscopy with individual use of colorectal cancer screening and stage at diagnosis
Authors: Haas Jennifer S. , Brawarsky Phyllis , Iyer Aarthi , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Neville Bridget A. , Earle Craig , Kaplan Celia Patricia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Limited capacity for endoscopy in areas in which African Americans and Hispanics live may be a reason for persistent disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and stage at diagnosis.METHODS:The authors linked data from the National Health Interview Survey on the use of CRC screening and data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare on CRC stage with measures of county capacity for colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy (endoscopy) derived from Medicare claims.RESULTS:Hispanics lived in counties with less capacity for endoscopy than African Americans or whites (for National Health Interview Survey, an average of 1224, 1569, and 1628 procedures per 100,000 individuals aged ≥50 years, respectively). Individual use of CRC screening increased modestly as county capacity increased. For example, as the number of endoscopies per 100,000 residents increased by 750, the odds of being screened increased by 4%. Disparities in screening were mitigated or diminished by adjustment for area endoscopy capacity, racial/ethnic composition, and socioeconomic status. Similarly, among individuals with CRC, those who lived in counties with less endoscopy capacity were marginally less likely to be diagnosed at an early stage. Adjustment for area characteristics diminished disparities in stage for Hispanics compared with whites but not African Americans.CONCLUSIONS:Increasing the use of CRC screening may require interventions to improve capacity for endoscopy in some areas. The characteristics of the area where an individual resides may in part mediate disparities in CRC screening use for both African Americans and Hispanics, and disparities in cancer stage for Hispanics. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Predictions of Munsell values with the same perceived lightness at any specified chroma irrespective of hues—Determination of any tonal colors
Authors: Nayatani Yoshinobu , Sakai Hideki 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSimple formulas are proposed for predicting the Munsell value of colors with the same tone (the same values for whiteness‐blackness, perceived lightness, and chroma irrespective of hue). The formulas can be used for any tone. In other words, the method can determine the Munsell value with the same perceived lightness at any specified chroma irrespective of hue. The chromatic strength (CS) function is only used for the derivations. The formulas are very simple, and can be used not only in the colorimetry but also in the color design field. The concept described in this study is that a common CS function can be used for transforming each of the three color attributes (hue, lightness, and chroma) from their uniform color space metric to their corresponding color appearance space attribute. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011