bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Chronic Periodontal Disease and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chaffee Benjamin W. , Weston Scott J. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Obesity is increasing in prevalence and is a major contributor to worldwide morbidity. One consequence of obesity might be an increased risk for periodontal disease, although periodontal inflammation might, in turn, exacerbate the metabolic syndrome, of which obesity is one component. This review aims to systematically compile the evidence of an obesity–periodontal disease relationship from epidemiologic studies and to derive a quantitative summary of the association between these disease states.Methods: Systematic searches of the MEDLINE, SCOPUS, BIOSIS, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry databases were conducted with the results and characteristics of relevant studies abstracted to standardized forms. A meta‐analysis was performed to obtain a summary measure of association.Results: The electronic search identified 554 unique citations, and 70 studies met a priori inclusion criteria, representing 57 independent populations. Nearly all studies matching inclusion criteria were cross‐sectional in design with the results of 41 studies suggesting a positive association. The fixed‐effects summary odds ratio was 1.35 (Shore‐corrected 95% confidence interval: 1.23 to 1.47), with some evidence of a stronger association found among younger adults, women, and non‐smokers. Additional summary estimates suggested a greater mean clinical attachment loss among obese individuals, a higher mean body mass index (BMI) among periodontal patients, and a trend of increasing odds of prevalent periodontal disease with increasing BMI. Although these results are highly unlikely to be chance findings, unmeasured confounding had a credible but unknown influence on these estimates.Conclusions: This positive association was consistent and coherent with a biologically plausible role for obesity in the development of periodontal disease. However, with few quality longitudinal studies, there is an inability to distinguish the temporal ordering of events, thus limiting the evidence that obesity is a risk factor for periodontal disease or that periodontitis might increase the risk of weight gain. In clinical practice, a higher prevalence of periodontal disease should be expected among obese adults.
Low-dose ionizing radiation effects on differentiation of HL-60 cells
Authors: Savickiene Jurate , Treigyte Grazina , Aleksandraviciene Ceslava , Navakauskiene Ruta 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The biological effects of low-dose radiation have attracted attention, but data are currently insufficient to fully understand the beneficial role of the phenomenon. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of low doses of gamma-irradiation alone and in combination with all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) on proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Changes in cell behavior and protein expression were determined with the use of light and fluorescent microscopy, immunocytochemical and Western blot analysis. Low-dose irradiation with 1–100 cGy caused a dose-dependent inhibition of HL-60 cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis and differentiation to granulocytes with an increase in the number of CD15-positive cells. Pre-irradiation with 1–100 cGy for 24 h before treatment with RA promoted apoptosis but did not impair RA-induced differentiation. Both processes were associated with a decrease in the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), BCL-2, c-MYC, and changes in both cytosolic and nuclear levels of protein tyrosine-phosphorylation as well as protein kinase C alpha or beta isoforms. These results demonstrate the beneficial role of low-dose irradiation in modulating leukemia cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
Chemerin Contributes to Inflammation by Promoting Macrophage Adhesion to VCAM-1 and Fibronectin through Clustering of VLA-4 and VLA-5
Authors: Hart Rosie , Greaves David R. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Chemerin is a potent macrophage chemoattractant protein. We used murine peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) in adhesion, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy assays to test the hypothesis that chemerin can also contribute to inflammation by promoting macrophage adhesion. Chemerin stimulated the adhesion of PECs to the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin and to the adhesion molecule VCAM-1 within a minute, with an EC50 of 322 and 196 pM, respectively. Experiments using pertussis toxin and PECs from ChemR23−/− mice demonstrated that chemerin stimulated the adhesion of macrophages via the Gi protein-coupled receptor ChemR23. Blocking Abs against integrin subunits revealed that 89% of chemerin-stimulated adhesion to fibronectin was dependent on increased avidity of the integrin VLA-5 (α5β1) and that 88% of adhesion to VCAM-1 was dependent on increased avidity of VLA-4 (α4β1). Although chemerin was unable to induce an increase in integrin affinity as judged by the binding of soluble ligand, experiments using confocal microscopy revealed an increase in valency resulting from integrin clustering as the mechanism responsible for chemerin-stimulated macrophage adhesion. PI3K, Akt, and p38 were identified as key signaling mediators in chemerin-stimulated adhesion. The finding that chemerin can rapidly stimulate macrophage adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and adhesion molecules, taken together with its ability to promote chemotaxis, suggests a novel role for chemerin in the recruitment and retention of macrophages at sites of inflammation.
MEKK3 Overexpression Contributes to the Hyperresponsiveness of IL-12–Overproducing Cells and CD4+ T Conventional Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Authors: Zhang Jiyan , Zhu Ning , Wang Qingyang , Wang Jing , Ma Yuanfang , Qiao Chunxia , Li Yan , Li Xinying , Su Bing , Shen Beifen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractElevated IL-12 production and higher rate of CD4+ T conventional (Tconv) cell proliferation in NOD mice have been implicated in the progression of type 1 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, even though enhanced activation of the IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB pathway has been revealed to mediate IL-12 overproduction. In this study, we report that deviated p38 MAPK activation also contributes to elevated IL-12 production with a mechanism involving MAPK-activated protein kinase-2–mediated stabilization of IL-12p40 mRNA. Aberrant p38 activation induced by various inflammatory stimuli in IL-12–overproducing cells is not due to defective MAPK phosphatase-1 induction in NOD mice. Deviated IKK and MAPKs activation also occurs in NOD CD4+ Tconv cells, which is associated with higher rates of proliferation. All of the above evidence suggests that the signaling defects occur at the level of MAPK kinase kinase (MAK3K or MEKK). Further exploration shows that MEKK3, but not other MAP3Ks, is overexpressed in NOD IL-12–overproducing cells and CD4+ Tconv cells independent of autoimmune inflammation. MEKK3 knockdown leads to reversal of the deviated IKK and MAPKs activation, resulting in reduced IL-12 production and decreased CD4+ Tconv cell proliferation. Thus, this study provides a molecular mechanism of the hyperresponsiveness of IL-12–overproducing cells and CD4+ Tconv cells in NOD mice.
Cutting Edge: Proteolytic Inactivation of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 by the Nlrp3 and Nlrc4 Inflammasomes
Authors: Malireddi R. K. Subbarao , Ippagunta Sirish , Lamkanfi Mohamed , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Caspase-mediated cleavage of the DNA damage sensor poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a hallmark of apoptosis. However, it remains unclear whether PARP1 is processed during pyroptosis, a specialized cell-death program that occurs upon activation of caspase-1 in inflammasome complexes. In this article, we show that activation of the Nlrp3 and Nlrc4 inflammasomes induces processing of full-length PARP1 into a fragment of 89 kDa in a stimulus-dependent manner. Macrophages deficient for caspase-1 and those lacking the inflammasome adaptors Nlrp3, Nlrc4, and ASC were highly resistant to cleavage, whereas macrophages lacking the downstream inflammasome effector caspase-7 were partially protected. A modest, but statistically significant, reduction in Nlrp3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis was observed in PARP1 knockout macrophages. Thus, protease-mediated inactivation of PARP1 is a shared feature of apoptotic, necrotic, and pyroptotic cells.
Evolution of Ectopic Lymphoid Neogenesis and In Situ Autoantibody Production in Autoimmune Nonobese Diabetic Mice: Cellular and Molecular Characterization of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Astorri Elisa , Bombardieri Michele , Gabba Silvia , Peakman Mark , Pozzilli Paolo , Pitzalis Costantino 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A pivotal role for tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in promoting Ag-specific humoral responses during chronic inflammation is emerging in several autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, and autoimmune thyroiditis. However, there is limited evidence on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TLS formation and their contribution to autoimmunity in the pancreas during autoimmune insulitis. In this study, we performed a detailed and comprehensive assessment of the evolution of TLSs during autoimmune insulitis in 126 female NOD mice from 4 to 38 wk of age. We demonstrated that during progression from peri- to intrainsulitis in early diabetic mice, T and B cell infiltration follows a highly regulated process with the formation of lymphoid aggregates characterized by T/B cell segregation, follicular dendritic cell networks, and differentiation of germinal center B cells. This process is preceded by local upregulation of lymphotoxins α/β and lymphoid chemokines CXCL13 and CCL19, and is associated with infiltration of B220+/IgD+/CD23+/CD21− follicular B cells expressing CXCR5. Despite a similar incidence of insulitis, late diabetic mice displayed a significantly reduced incidence of fully organized TLSs and reduced levels of lymphotoxins/lymphoid chemokines. Upon development, TLSs were fully functional in supporting in situ autoreactive B cell differentiation, as demonstrated by the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, the enzyme required for Ig affinity maturation and class switching, and the presence of CD138+ plasma cells displaying anti-insulin reactivity. Overall, our work provides direct evidence that TLSs are of critical relevance in promoting autoimmunity and chronic inflammation during autoimmune insulitis and diabetes in NOD mice.
Estimating the effect of gang membership on nonviolent and violent delinquency: a counterfactual analysis
Authors: Barnes J.C. , Beaver Kevin M. , Miller J. Mitchell 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study reconsiders the well‐known link between gang membership and criminal involvement. Recently developed analytical techniques enabled the approximation of an experimental design to determine whether gang members, after being matched with similarly situated nongang members, exhibited greater involvement in nonviolent and violent delinquency. Findings indicated that while gang membership is a function of self‐selection, selection effects alone do not account for the greater involvement in delinquency exhibited by gang members. After propensity score matching was employed, gang members maintained a greater involvement in both nonviolent and violent delinquency when measured cross‐sectionally, but only violent delinquency when measured longitudinally. Additional analyses using inverse probability of treatment weights reaffirmed these conclusions. Aggr. Behav. 36:437–451, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of spontaneous abortion and other reproductive effects with work in the semiconductor industry
Authors: Schenker Marc B. , Gold Ellen B. , Beaumont James J. , Eskenazi Brenda , Katharine S. Hammond , Lasley Bill L. , McCurdy Stephen A. , Samuels Steven J. , Saiki Cathy L. , Swan Shanna H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that fabrication room (fab) work in the silicon‐based semiconductor industry is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB). The study was conducted nationwide at 14 companies representing a spectrum of large to small manufacturers. A small increase in risk of SAB was observed among fab workers compared with nonfabrication room (nonfab) workers in two cohorts, historical (adjusted RR = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–2.09) and prospective (adjusted RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.63–1.76). Analysis of specific fab exposures in the historical cohort showed a consistent, dose‐response association of SAB with photoresist and developer solvents, whose major component was ethylene‐based glycol ethers. The consistency of our findings and the toxicological data for these agents suggest that this is a causal association. Independent associations of SAB with self‐reported stress and with etching fluorides were observed and require further research. No significant decrease in fertility was observed among men or women working in fabs, but reduced fecundability was suggested for some women fab workers.
Patterns of chemical use and exposure control in the semiconductor health study
Authors: Hallock Marilyn F. , Hammond S. Katharine , Hines Cynthia J. , Woskie Susan R. , Schenker Marc B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractInformation on chemical use and exposure control between 1986 and 1990 was collected from 14 companies participating in the Semiconductor Health Study. Questionnaires and site visits provided data used to develop exposure categories for three epidemiological studies: prospective, historical, and cross‐sectional. Patterns of use of target chemicals were compiled for 82 silicon‐wafer fabrication rooms (fabs), including 47 from which subjects were selected for study. Chemical use was examined by operation, year, and epidemiological component. Target agents for epidemiological analyses were present in more than 50% of fabs. Use of these agents was fairly constant from 1986 to 1990, except for a moderate increase in use of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, a solvent being substituted for ethylene‐based glycol ethers (EGE) in photoresists. The distribution of personal protective equipment, engineering controls, and other factors potentially affecting employee exposure was also examined. Controls designed to MAnage processes or high acute toxicity were present in most fabs; their prevalence remained unchanged from 1986 through 1990. Controls designed to reduce exposures to chemicals with low acute toxicity were less widely distributed; their prevalence increased moderately from 1986 to 1990.
Laboratory methods for evaluating early pregnancy loss in an industry‐based population
Authors: Lasley Bill L. , Lohstroh Peter , Kuo Andrew , Gold Ellen B. , Eskenazi Brenda , Samuels Steven J. , Stewart Dennis R. , Overstreet James W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLaboratory methods were adapted or developed to analyze approximately 70,000 daily urine samples collected during more than 2,500 menstrual cycles from 448 women working in the semiconductor industry. An immunoenzymometric assay (IEMA) for Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was employed for screening cycles in order to optimize laboratory resources and to reduce the number of samples requiring analysis by less efficient methods. The presence of hCG in urine was confirmed by the definitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). The screening assay eliminated 78% of cycles from further analysis because there was no evidence of conception. Thirty‐eight of 448 cycles identified as having significant levels of hCG with the IEMA were confirmed as hCG positive with the IRMA. HCG‐positive cycles were further evaluated by examination of daily diary data and by laboratory assays for ovarian and pituitary hormones. As a result of these evaluations, 17 of the 38 cycles identified by the IRMA as positive for hCG were found to be nonconceptive cycles. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of screening assays for hCG, as well as the importance of using multiple urinary biomarkers for the detection of early fetal loss with daily urine samples.
Prospectively assessed menstrual cycle characteristics in female wafer‐fabrication and nonfabrication semiconductor employees
Authors: Gold Ellen B. , Eskenazi Brenda , Hammond S. Katharine , Lasley Bill L. , Samuels Steven J. , O'Neill Rasor Marianne , Hines Cynthia J. , Overstreet James W. , Schenker Marc B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWomen aged 18–44 years in silicon‐wafer fabrication‐room (fab) jobs and frequency‐MAtched women in nonfab jobs were screened for a prospective study of reproductive health (n = 2,639). Among the 739 (28%) eligible women, 481 (65%) completed a baseline interview; 402 completed at least one menstrual cycle of follow‐up with daily diaries and urinary assays to exclude conceptive cycles. Adjusted mean cycle lengths (MCL) did not differ between fab and nonfab women (p = 0.97). Women working in thin film and ion implantation (TFII) had the highest adjusted MCL (34.8 ± 1.7 days) compared with nonfab workers (32.5 ± 1.4 days, p = 0.07). Among women working exclusively in one group, TFII women had significantly higher MCL (36.1 ± 2.04 days) than nonfab women (32.0 ± 1.38 days, p = 0.017). TFII women were also more likely to have all cycles >35 days (adjusted relative risk [RR] = 2.45; 95% CI = 0.85‐6.06). Variability was assessed by logarithmic transformation of the mean standard deviation (MLSD) in cycle length per woman and adjusted for age and ethnicity (4.5 days for fab vs. 4.0 days for nonfab, p = 0.16). Women working exclusively in TFII or photolithography (PHOTO) had significantly higher adjusted MLSD in cycle length (6.68 ± 1.28 and 5.72 ± 1.24 days, respectively) than women in nonfab (4.1 ± 1.16 days, p = 0.013 and 0.019, respectively). Fab and nonfab women did not differ significantly in mean days of bleeding or risk of having cycles >35 or <24 days. However, elevated risks of having cycles <24 days were seen in supervisor engineers (adjusted RR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.19‐3.63) and PHOTO women (adjusted RR = 1.83, 95% CI = 0.94‐2.88).
Prospective monitoring of early fetal loss and clinical spontaneous abortion among female semiconductor workers
Authors: Eskenazi Brenda , Gold Ellen B. , Lasley Bill L. , Samuels Steven J. , Hammond S. Katharine , Wight Suzanne , O'Neill Rasor Marianne , Hines Cynthia J. , Schenker Marc B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWomen who work in silicon wafer fabrication rooms (fabs) have been reported to have an increased risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB). Although previous studies have included only clinically recognized SABs, more than two‐thirds of SABs MAy be clinically unrecognized. To determine whether fab work is associated with SAB, we recruited 152 fab and 251 nonfab workers, who collected urine samples for a 6‐month period. Samples were analyzed by immunoradiometric assay for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin to detect early fetal losses. Approximately 63% of fab and 46% of nonfab pregnancies ended in SAB [adjusted relative risk (RR) = 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.63‐1.76]. Similar RR were seen for women who worked in dopant and thin‐film processes (adjusted RR = 1.30; 95% CI = 0.51‐1.96) or in MAsking (adjusted RR = 1.30; 95% CI = 0.59‐1.84). The four pregnancies among women who worked with ethylene‐based glycol ethers ended in SAB.
A cross‐sectional survey of respiratory and general health outcomes among semiconductor industry workers
Authors: McCurdy Stephen A. , Pocekay Dennis , Hammond S. Katharine , Woskie Susan R. , Samuels Steven J. , Schenker Marc B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAs part of the Semiconductor Health Study, we performed a cross‐sectional survey to assess prevalence of specific nonreproductive health outcomes and their association with occupational exposures. A total of 3,175 persons from eight manufacturing sites across the U.S. completed a health and work questionnaire (78% participation rate). After adjusting for confounders, responses from fabrication room (fab) workers indicated a greater risk than those of nonfab workers for upper respiratory symptoms (relative risk [RR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03‐1.13); a dose‐response effect with hours per day spent in fabs was observed. Fab workers also had greater prevalence for persistent wheezing (RR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.15‐2.87), Dermatitis within the past year (RR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04‐1.35), and alopecia (RR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.16‐2.54). Female sex, a somatization index score, and smoking were important nonoccupational covariates. Increased respiratory symptoms MAy result from occupational exposures in fabs; further research is needed to identify causal agents and develop prevention strategies.
Fertility history of currently employed male semiconductor workers
Authors: Samuels Steven J. , McCurdy Stephen A. , Pocekay Dennis , Katharine S. Hammond , Missell Lavon , Schenker Marc B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFertility among men working in semiconductor manufacturing during 1984‐89 was assessed in a 1990‐91 cross‐sectional study of eight companies. Men working in wafer fabrication rooms (fabs) (n = 241, 165 births) were compared to men in nonfabrication (nonfab) jobs (n = 447, 300 births). Results showed that 17% of fab men and 14% of nonfab men reported ever trying for 1 year to conceive [relative risk (RR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83‐1.74]. Crude birth rates (births/1,000 person months) were similar [15 fab, 17 nonfab; crude fertility ratio (FR) = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.86‐1.36], as were birth rates adjusted by Cox models for confounders (adjusted FR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.80‐1.19, p = 0.79). Fab men who worked in furnace, thin‐film, or ion implantation areas were more likely than nonfab men to report previous difficulty conceiving (25%, RR = 1.79,95% CI = 1.09‐2.94), and their past fertility was lower (nine births/1,000 person months; crude FR = 0.66,95% CI = 0.40‐1.02; adjusted FR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.50‐1.09, p = 0.12). Problems included lack of contraception data and misclassification of fab subgroups.
News from the west: Ancient DNA from a French megalithic burial chamber
Authors: Deguilloux Marie‐France , Soler Ludovic , Pemonge Marie‐Hélène , Scarre Chris , Joussaume Roger , Laporte Luc 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRecent paleogenetic studies have confirmed that the spread of the Neolithic across Europe was neither genetically nor geographically uniform. To extend existing knowledge of the mitochondrial European Neolithic gene pool, we examined six samples of human skeletal material from a French megalithic long mound (c.4200 cal BC). We retrieved HVR‐I sequences from three individuals and demonstrated that in the Neolithic period the mtDNA haplogroup N1a, previously only known in central Europe, was as widely distributed as western France. Alternative scenarios are discussed in seeking to explain this result, including Mesolithic ancestry, Neolithic demic diffusion, and long‐distance matrimonial exchanges. In light of the limited Neolithic ancient DNA (aDNA) data currently available, we observe that all three scenarios appear equally consistent with paleogenetic and archaeological data. In consequence, we advocate caution in interpreting aDNA in the context of the Neolithic transition in Europe. Nevertheless, our results strengthen conclusions demonstrating genetic discontinuity between modern and ancient Europeans whether through migration, demographic or selection processes, or social practices. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.