bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Night-Team System on Resident Sleep and Work Hours
Authors: Chua Kao-Ping , Gordon Mary Beth , Sectish Theodore , Landrigan Christopher P. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE:
In 2009, Children's Hospital Boston implemented a night-team system on general pediatric wards to reduce extended work shifts. Residents worked 5 consecutive nights for 1 week and worked day shifts for the remainder of the rotation. Of note, resident staffing at night decreased under this system. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of this system on resident sleep and work hours.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective cohort study in which residents on the night-team system logged their sleep and work hours on work days. These data were compared with similar data collected in 2004, when there was a traditional call system.

RESULTS:
In 2004 and 2009, mean shift length was 15.22 ± 6.86 and 12.92 ± 5.70 hours, respectively (P = .161). Daily work hours were 10.49 ± 6.85 and 8.79 ± 6.42 hours, respectively (P = .08). Nightly sleep time decreased from 6.72 ± 2.60 to 4.77 ± 2.46 hours (P &lt; .001). Total sleep time decreased from 7.50 ± 3.13 to 5.47 ± 2.34 hours (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of a night-team system was unexpectedly associated with decreased sleep hours. As residency programs create work schedules that are compliant with the 2011 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education duty-hour standards, resident sleep should be monitored carefully.
Gait Retraining for Runners: In Search of the Ideal
Authors: Heiderscheit Bryan 
Published: November 2011

For physical therapists, modifying technique is not a novel concept; however, our motives are typically focused on symptom and injury reduction rather than purely performance. These specific modifications are based on minimizing tissue load, while still enabling successful completion of the task. Applying this same rationale to running, an activity in which up to 80% of participants are injured annually, would seem to be a good thing. Yet the idea of using gait retraining in patients without neurological injury/pathology is rather uncommon. However, a few researchers have investigated specific walking retraining strategies to reduce knee joint loading, with the goal of applying these techniques to individuals with knee osteoarthritis. This has led some to use the same concept on runners with patellofemoral pain, with a corresponding improvement in gait and symptoms. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(12):909–910. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.0111
"THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE U. S. ARMY IN THE WORLD WAR"
Authors: de Schweinitz G. E. 
Published: November 2011

To the Editor:—In a review of "The Medical Department of the United States Army in the World War, Volume XI, Surgery, Part Two" (The Journal, August 30, p. 707), the following sentence occurs: "The section on ophthalmology was prepared by Brig. Gen. George E. de Schweinitz, with the aid of Col. Allen Greenwood." This is a misstatement.Section III, "Ophthalmology in the United States," was written by Dr. de Schweinitz. His sources of information are recorded in the introduction, and the material help he received from many officers on duty in the various ophthalmic sections of the hospitals in the United States is acknowledged in the references at the end of each chapter.Section IV, "Ophthalmology in the American Expeditionary Forces," was written by Dr. Allen Greenwood, who was, during his service in France, senior consultant in ophthalmology, A. E. F. The references that conclude each chapter of this
When Diversity in Training Improves Dyadic Problem Solving
Authors: Canham Matthew S. , Wiley Jennifer , Mayer Richard E. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryStudents learned how to solve binomial probability problems from either a procedurally based lesson or a conceptually based lesson and then worked in distributed pairs by using a computer‐based chat environment. Cognitively homogeneous dyads (i.e. both members received the same lesson) performed more accurately on standard problems, whereas cognitively diverse dyads (i.e. each member received a different lesson) performed more accurately on transfer problems. The cognitively homogeneous dyads perceived a greater sense of common ground with their partner, but spent a greater proportion of their time communicating about low‐level details (e.g. message verification) whereas the cognitively diverse dyads spent a greater proportion of their time on high‐level discussion (e.g. solution development). Results help to clarify that common training leads to more positive perceptions of collaboration, but only improves performance on problems that are highly similar to those experienced during training, whereas diverse training improves the ability of a dyad to perform well in new situations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ones Catalyzed by Br?nsted‐acidic Ionic Liquids as Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalysts
Authors: Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar , Moloudi Raheleh , Davoodnia Abolghasem , Shaker Mohammad 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ones via heterocyclization reaction of 5‐amino‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamides with triethyl orthoesters using two Br?nsted‐acidic ionic liquids, 3‐methyl‐1‐(4‐sulfonic acid)butylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [MIM+(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4−] or N‐(4‐sulfonic acid)butyl triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [Et3N+(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4−], as efficient homogeneous catalysts under solvent‐free conditions is described.
Evidence of interaction betweenSirex noctilioand other species inhabiting the bole ofPinus
Authors: Ryan Kathleen , de Groot Peter , Smith Sandy M. 
Published: November 2011

Sirex noctiliois a woodwasp native to Eurasia and Northern Africa and has recently been found infesting pines in eastern North America. Its pest status in this new range is not yet known, although it is an important pest in other areas where it has been introduced.Pinusspp. in North America are hosts to several native and alien species of subcortical insects. Interactions between the woodwasp and these species may influence its distribution or the characteristics of its life history, thus affecting its population dynamics over time.SixtyS. noctilio‐infestedPinusspp. were felled in Ontario, Canada, and all phloem‐feeding and woodboring insects were collected and identified from each 1‐m section of the tree.Sirex noctiliowas in a tree alone 10% of the time but commonly shared the tree with subcortical beetles, such asTomicus piniperda,Pissodes nemorensis,Ips grandicollis,Gnathotrichus materiariusandMonochamus carolinensis. The woodwasp was distributed throughout the tree stem and this distribution overlapped with that of the beetles.Fewer but largerS. noctiliomales emerged from trees with beetles compared with those without, although there was no statistical difference in females.These findings suggest that co‐habiting beetles could negatively affectS. noctiliopopulation dynamics over time. The potential mechanisms for this interaction are discussed.
Impact of wild ungulate grazing on Orthoptera abundance and diversity in subalpine grasslands
Authors: SPALINGER LENA C. , HAYNES ALAN G. , SCHÜTZ MARTIN , RISCH ANITA C. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract.  1. Grasslands cover approximately 40% of the Earth’s terrestrial landscape, supporting large communities of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores. Orthoptera play an important role, consuming relatively large amounts of biomass. Their occurrence can be strongly affected by habitat diversity and structure, which can be shaped by large herbivores. Several studies have focused on the impact of livestock on Orthoptera communities, but little is known about how wild ungulates influence the abundance and diversity of these insects in grassland ecosystems.2. We studied Orthoptera abundance and diversity in subalpine grasslands in the Swiss Alps, where grazing by red deer and chamois has created a mosaic of short‐ and tall‐grass patches. Data on vegetation structure, habitat diversity and plant nitrogen (N) content allowed us to consider how these parameters affected the occurrence of Orthoptera at our study sites.3. We found a total of nine Orthoptera species with an average density of 2.6 individuals m−2. Neither Orthoptera abundance nor diversity differed between short‐ and tall‐grass patches created by large ungulates. Both Orthoptera abundance and diversity were, however, positively influenced by increasing vegetation height, but negatively by increasing habitat diversity within patches. Increasing plant N content promoted a more even spread of species within the insect assemblage on short‐ but not on tall‐grass patches.4. Large‐scale habitat alteration by wild ungulates had no direct effect on the abundance and diversity of Orthoptera. However, we observed that they indirectly affected Orthoptera abundance and diversity by altering plant N content and the structure of the habitat at small scales.
In Vivo
Expression of Helicobacter pylori Virulence Genes in Patients with Gastritis, Ulcer, and Gastric Cancer
Authors: Avilés-Jiménez Francisco , Reyes-Leon Adriana , Nieto-Patlán Erik , Hansen Lori M. , Burgueño Juan , Ramos Irma P. , Camorlinga-Ponce Margarita , Bermúdez Hector , Blancas Juan M. , Cabrera Lourdes , Ribas-Aparicio Rosa María , Solnick Jay V. , Torres-López Javier 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

The best-studied
Helicobacter pylori
virulence factor associated with development of peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer (GC) rather than asymptomatic nonatrophic gastritis (NAG) is the
cag
pathogenicity island (
cag
PAI), which encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that injects the CagA oncoprotein into host epithelial cells. Here we used real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to measure the
in vivo
expression of genes on the
cag
PAI and of other virulence genes in patients with NAG, duodenal ulcer (DU), or GC.
In vivo
expression of
H. pylori
virulence genes was greater overall in gastric biopsy specimens of patients with GC than in those of patients with NAG or DU. However, since
in vitro
expression of
cagA
was not greater in
H. pylori
strains from patients with GC than in those from patients with NAG or DU, increased expression in GC
in vivo
is likely a result of environmental conditions in the gastric mucosa, though it may in turn cause more severe pathology. Increased expression of virulence genes in GC may represent a stress response to elevated pH or other environmental conditions in the stomach of patients with GC, which may be less hospitable to
H. pylori
colonization than the acidic environment in patients with NAG or DU.
Concordance, Variance, and Outliers in 4 Contemporary Cardiac Troponin Assays: Implications for Harmonization
Authors: Ungerer Jacobus P J , Marquart Louise , O'Rourke Peter K , Wilgen Urs , Pretorius Carel J 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Data to standardize and harmonize the differences between cardiac troponin assays are needed to support their universal status in diagnosis of myocardial infarction. We characterized the variation between methods, the comparability of the 99th-percentile cutoff thresholds, and the occurrence of outliers in 4 cardiac troponin assays.

METHODS
Cardiac troponin was measured in duplicate in 2358 patient samples on 4 platforms: Abbott Architect i2000SR, Beckman Coulter Access2, Roche Cobas e601, and Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP.

RESULTS
The observed total variances between the 3 cardiac troponin I (cTnI) methods and between the cTnI and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) methods were larger than expected from the analytical imprecision (3.0%–3.7%). The between-method variations of 26% between cTnI assays and 127% between cTnI and cTnT assays were the dominant contributors to total variances. The misclassification of results according to the 99th percentile was 3%–4% between cTnI assays and 15%–17% between cTnI and cTnT. The Roche cTnT assay identified 49% more samples as positive than the Abbott cTnI. Outliers between methods were detected in 1 patient (0.06%) with Abbott, 8 (0.45%) with Beckman Coulter, 10 (0.56%) with Roche, and 3 (0.17%) with Siemens.

CONCLUSIONS
The universal definition of myocardial infarction should not depend on the choice of analyte or analyzer, and the between- and within-method differences described here need to be considered in the application of cardiac troponin in this respect. The variation between methods that cannot be explained by analytical imprecision and the discordant classification of results according to the respective 99th percentiles should be addressed.
Quality Control of Soil Compaction Using ASTM Standards
Authors:   Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
Published: November 2011

Description
Get the latest information on the proper application of ASTM standards for soil compaction for various earthworks.
Soil compaction is a critical part of most engineered structures that use the earth or soil as a foundation or a base for support. The soil’s engineering properties, including strength, compressibility, and permeability, can be improved and become more predictable with the proper degree of compaction. The soil may also be a major structural component, as in the case of earth fill dams, levees or dikes, high road fills, and other embankments.
Unique to Manual 70 is the combination of established soil mechanics engineering fundamentals and the discussions on using the latest ASTM standards related to those fundamentals.
Developing a Nano‐Biosensor for DNA Hybridization Using a New Electroactive Label
Authors: Raoof Jahan Bakhsh , Ojani Reza , Ebrahimi Maryam , Hamidi‐Asl Ezat 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDevelopment of electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensors based on carbon paste electrode (CPE) and gold nanoparticle modified carbon paste electrode (NGMCPE) as transducers and ethyl green (EG) as a new electroactive label is described. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques were applied for the investigation and comparison of bare CPE and NGMCPE surfaces. Our voltammetric and spectroscopic studies showed gold nanoparticles are enable to facilitate electron transfer between the accumulated label on DNA probe modified electrode and electrode surface and enhance the electrical signals and lead to an improved detection limit. The immobilization of a 15‐mer single strand oligonucleotide probe on the working electrodes and hybridization event between the probe and its complementary sequence as a target were investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) responses of the EG accumulated on the electrodes. The effects of some experimental variables on the performance of the biosensors were investigated and optimum conditions were suggested. The selectivity of the biosensors was studied using some non‐complementary oligonucleotides. Finally the detection limits were calculated as 1.35×10−10 mol/L and 5.16×10−11 mol/L on the CPE and NEGCPE, respectively. In addition, the biosensors exhibited a good selectivity, reproducibility and stability for the determination of DNA sequences.
Outcomes of Bypass Surgery in Adult Moyamoya Disease by Onset Type
Authors: Lim Yong Cheol , Lee Eunyoung , Song Jihye 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare chronic cerebrovascular disease, and the outcomes of bypass management in adult patients remain controversial.ObjectiveTo categorize adult MMD based on asymptomatic, ischemic, and hemorrhagic onset and compare the outcomes (death, hemorrhagic stroke [HS], and ischemic stroke [IS]) of bypass surgery (direct or indirect) with those of conservative management.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, nationwide, population-based longitudinal cohort study used Korean National Health Insurance Research data to identify adults (aged ≥15 years) with MMD who were diagnosed between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020, and followed up until December 31, 2021 (median follow-up, 5.74 [IQR, 2.95-9.42] years). A total of 19 700 participants (3194 with hemorrhagic, 517 with ischemic, and 15 989 with asymptomatic MMD) were included. Data were analyzed from January 2 to April 1, 2023.ExposuresBypass surgery and conservative management.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDeath constituted the primary outcome; secondary outcomes consisted of HS or IS. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were applied. The propensity score–matching and stratified analyses were performed to control covariate effects.ResultsA total of 19 700 patients (mean [SD] age, 45.43 [14.98] years; 12 766 [64.8%] female) were included. Compared with conservative management, bypass was associated with a reduced risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.50 [95% CI, 0.41-0.61]; P &amp;lt; .001) and HS (AHR, 0.36 [0.30-0.40]; P &amp;lt; .001) in hemorrhagic MMD; reduced risk of IS (AHR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.37-0.81]; P = .002) in ischemic MMD; and reduced risk of death (AHR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.66-0.84]; P &amp;lt; .001) in asymptomatic MMD. However, bypass was associated with an increased risk of HS (AHR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.56-2.00]; P &amp;lt; .001) in asymptomatic MMD. Both direct and indirect bypass demonstrated similar effects in hemorrhagic and asymptomatic MMD, except only direct bypass was associated with a reduced risk of IS (AHR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.33- 0.83]; P = .01) in ischemic MMD. After stratification, bypass was associated with a reduced risk of death in patients younger than 55 years with ischemic (AHR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.13- 0.88]; P = .03) and asymptomatic (AHR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.60-0.79]; P &amp;lt; .001) MMD, but an increased risk of HS in patients 55 years or older with ischemic MMD (AHR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.1-4.16]; P = .03).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study of bypass outcomes for patients with MMD emphasize the importance of tailoring management strategies in adult patients based on onset types.
Preterm Birth, Family Income, and Intergenerational Income Mobility
Authors: Ahmed Asma M. , Pullenayegum Eleanor , McDonald Sarah D. , Beltempo Marc , Premji Shahirose S. , Shoukry Roaa , Pole Jason D. , Bacchini Fabiana , Shah Prakesh S. , Pechlivanoglou Petros 
Published: June 2024

ImportancePreterm birth (PTB) has been associated with lower income in adulthood, but associations with intergenerational income mobility and the role of family socioeconomic status (SES) as modifying factor are unclear.ObjectivesTo assess whether the association between PTB and income differs according to family SES at birth and to assess the association between PTB and intergenerational income mobility.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study comprised a matched cohort of live births in Canada between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1996, with follow-up until December 31, 2018. Statistical analysis was performed between May 2023 and March 2024.ExposurePreterm birth, defined as birth between 24 and 37 weeks’ gestational age (with gestational age subcategories of 34-36, 32-33, 28-31, and 24-27 weeks) vs early and full term births (gestational age, 37-41 weeks).Main Outcomes and MeasuresAssociations between PTB and annual adulthood income in 2018 Canadian dollars were assessed overall (current exhange rate: $1 = CAD $1.37) and stratified by family income quintiles, using generalized estimating equation regression models. Associations between PTB and percentile rank change (ie, difference between the rank of individuals and their parents in the income distribution within their respective generations) and upward or downward mobility (based on income quintile) were assessed using linear and multinomial logistic regressions, respectively.ResultsOf 1.6 million included births (51.1% boys and 48.9% girls), 6.9% infants were born preterm (5.4% born at 34-36 weeks, 0.7% born at 32-33 weeks, 0.5% born at 28-31 weeks, and 0.2% born at 24-27 weeks). After matching on baseline characteristics (eg, sex, province of birth, and parental demographics) and adjusting for age and period effects, PTB was associated with lower annual income (mean difference, CAD −$687 [95% CI, −$788 to −$586]; 3% lower per year), and the differences were greater among those belonging to families in the lowest family SES quintile (mean difference, CAD −$807 [95% CI, −$998 to −$617]; 5% lower per year). Preterm birth was also associated with lower upward mobility and higher downward mobility, particularly for those born earlier than 31 weeks’ gestational age (24-27 weeks: mean difference in percentile rank change, −8.7 percentile points [95% CI, −10.5 to −6.8 percentile points]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based matched cohort study, PTB was associated with lower adulthood income, lower upward social mobility, and higher downward mobility, with greater differences among those belonging to economically disadvantaged families. Interventions to optimize socioeconomic outcomes of preterm-born individuals would need to define target population considering SES.
Precise Pore Engineering of Zirconium Metal‐Organic Cages for One‐Step Ethylene Purification from Ternary Mixtures
Authors: Feng Xueying , Wang Xiaokang , Yan Hui , Liu Hongyan , Liu Xiuping , Guan Jiayi , Lu Yukun , Fan Weidong , Yue Qin , Sun Daofeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne‐step purification of ethylene from ternary mixtures (C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6) can greatly reduce the energy consumption of the separation process, but it is extremely challenging. Herein, we use crystal engineering and reticular chemistry to introduce unsaturated bonds (ethynyl and alkyne) into ligands, and successfully design and synthesized two novel Zr‐MOCs (ZrT‐1‐ethenyl and ZrT‐1‐alkyne). The introduction of carbon‐carbon unsaturated bonds provides abundant adsorption sites within the framework while modulating the pore window size. Comprehensive characterization techniques including single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, as well as electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐TOF‐MS) confirm that ZrT‐1‐ethenyl and ZrT‐1‐alkyne possess an isostructural framework with ZrT‐1 and ZrT‐1‐Me, respectively. Adsorption isotherms and breakthrough experiments combined with theoretical calculations demonstrate that ZrT‐1‐ethenyl can effectively remove trace C2H2 and C2H6 in C2H4 and achieve separation of C2H2 from C2H4 and CO2. ZrT‐1‐ethenyl can also directly purify C2H4 in liquid solutions. This work provides a benchmark for MOCs that one‐step purification of ethylene from ternary mixtures.
Graphene‐Molecule Hybridization at a Ferromagnetic Interface
Authors: Cojocariu Iulia , Perilli Daniele , Feyer Vitaliy , Jugovac Matteo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe introduction of a graphene (Gr) buffer layer between a ferromagnetic substrate and a metallorganic molecule is known to mediate the magnetic coupling between them, an effect attributed to a weak hybridization between graphene and molecule. In this paper, we present experimental evidence of this effect through a detailed investigation of the frontier electronic properties of iron phthalocyanine deposited on cobalt‐supported graphene. Despite being physisorbed, the molecular adsorption on Gr/Co induces a sizeable charge transfer from graphene to the molecular macrocycle leading to the partial occupation of the LUMO and the appearance of an energetically localized hybrid state, which can be attributed to the overlap between the graphene pz state and the molecular macrocycle. Graphene is not inert either; the adsorption of the molecule induces doping and alters the Fermi velocity of both the hybrid minicone state and the Dirac cone. Similar effects are observed when the molecular periphery is decorated with fluorine atoms, known for their electron‐withdrawing properties, with minimal changes in the energy alignment.