bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wavelength Selective Emitting Materials Using High-Temperature Photonic Structures
Authors: Kim Yong Sung , Lin Shawn-Yu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRecently, wavelength selective emitting materials have attracted extensive interest due to their potential of high optical-to-electricity conversion efficiency for thermal photovoltaic (TPV) cells and realizing high efficient incandescent light sources. A substantial increase in spectral control over thermal radiation and photon recycling can accomplish this objective by the development of high-temperature photonic structures (HTPS) that simultaneously suppress unwanted radiation and enhance emission in a desirable wavelength range. In this paper, we shall review the properties of HTPS as a wavelength selective emitter, the radiative energy transfer relation in real devices, and photon recycling scheme using wavelength selective filters.
Development of THM Growth Technology for CdTe Radiation Detectors and the Applications
Authors: Funaki Minoru , Shiraki Hiroyuki , Tamaki Mitsuru , Mito Yoshio , Ohno Ryoichi 
Published: August 2009

Abstract4 Nines (99.99%) Cd and Te were purified to the semiconductor grade 6 Nines ∼ 7 Nines purity materials by the distillation and the zone melting processes, in order to be used for the growth of CdTe single crystal. The CdTe single crystal of 100 mm in diameter and 18kg in weight was successfully grown by the traveling heater method (THM). The shape of the growth interface had the key role for the single crystal growth. The distribution of the Te inclusion size was measured by IR microscopy. The uniformity of mobility-lifetime products and energy resolution in the wafer were also evaluated. The CdTe X-ray flat panel detector (FPD) was developed using the THM grown CdTe single crystal wafer. The CdTe pixel detectors with 100 mm pixel pitch were flip-chip bonded with the C-MOS readout ASIC and lined up on the print circuit board to cover the active area of 77 mm × 39 mm. The evaluation results showed that the CdTe X-ray FPD is promising as the imager for the non-destructive testing.
Recent Advances in THM CZT for Nuclear Radiation Detection
Authors: Mackenzie Jason , Chen Henry , Awadalla Salah A , Marthandam Pramodha , Redden Bob , Bindley Glenn , He Zhong , Black D. R. , Duff Martine , Amman Mark , Lee J. S. , Luke Paul , Groza M , Burger A 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe introduction of large single crystal and high performance CdZnTe (CZT) grown by the traveling heater method (THM) in 2006 has defied conventional myths about the capability of this crystal growth method with respect to the production of spectroscopic grade CZT and its commercialization prospect in medical imaging application. Since then, a lot of progresses have been made, both in the crystal growth and the devices sides. This paper focuses on the development of THM CZT in recent years. Crystalline defects which challenge the thickness scalability of large volume CZT detectors along with efforts and achievements in overcoming these challenges are discussed. Advances in THM CZT crystal growth include 100mm diameter ingot and state-of-the-art device fabrication will also be presented.
Thermal Effects of Colloidal Suspensions of Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Carlson Michael T. , Barton Tyler S. , Tandler Peter J. , Richardson Hugh H. , Govorov Alexander O. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe thermo-optical properties of gold nanoparticles suspended in liquid water droplets have been explored. A water droplet containing suspended gold nanoparticles was irradiated with a laser beam and the efficiency of light-to-heat conversion (η) was determined. Heat generated by the optically stimulated nanoparticles was found to dissipate through several mechanisms. Convection currents were observed visually inside the droplet by the addition of silica beads (˜3-10 micrometers). This was determined to be the dominant mechanism of stirring within the droplet.
Integration of a Silicon Nanowire Array into a Photovoltaic Device
Authors: Perraud Simon , Poncet Séverine , Noël Sébastien , Marko Hakim , Rouvière Emmanuelle , Thony Philippe , Delsol Régis 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSilicon nanowire arrays grown by chemical vapour deposition were successfully integrated into functional photovoltaic devices. A crucial planarization step, achieved by embedding the nanowires in a spin-on glass matrix and subsequent polishing of the front surface, allowed to deposit a continuous and uniform conductive film on top of the nanowire array, and thus to form a high-quality front electrical contact. The silicon nanowire array solar cells fabricated using this process exhibited a parasitic series resistance as low as 5 Ω.cm2, which is a clear improvement compared to the recent literature.
Novel Highly Potential Initiators for the Two-Photon-Induced Photopolymerization Process
Authors: Pucher Niklas , Satzinger Valentin , Rosspeintner Arnulf , Gescheidt Georg , Schmidt Volker , Stampfl Jürgen , Liska Robert 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe development of new optimized photoinitiators for the two-photon induced photopolymerization (TPIP) is essential in order to obtain high resolutions in this solid freeform fabrication process. Herein, we present the syntheses and characterizations of a series of efficient photoinitiators, comprising of a cross conjugated D-π-A-π-D system. The different donor- and acceptor functionalities of the investigated photoinitiators as well as the synthesis of targeted derivatives containing double and triple bonds in the conjugated backbone allowed the evaluation of structure-activity relationships. The basic photophysical properties as well as the activity and ideal processing window under TPIP conditions were investigated for each initiator and compared with typical commercially available one-photon initiator and with two highly potential initiators well known from literature. These tests figured out that the new chromophores are highly potential even at concentrations down to 0.05 wt%.
Ferroelectric Thin Film Microcavities and their Optical Resonant Properties
Authors: Lin Pao Tai , Russin William A. , Imre Alexandra , Ocola Leonidas E. , Wessels Bruce W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) microcavity structures were fabricated using epitaxial ferroelectric thin film as the optical media and their resonant optical properties were measured. The PhC structures are utilized in order to achieve strong light localization to enhance the interaction between the incident light and the nonlinear optical barium titanate (BTO). Fluorescence measurements were used to assess the resonant properties. Two types of resonant structures were investigated consisting of either dopant or vacancy PhC arrays. The nano patterning on BTO thin films was achieved using dual beam focused ion beam (FIB). For the dopant type PhC microcavity structure, a larger air hole is generated in every 5 x 5 unit cells forming a super cell. The spatial profiles of PhC microcavity structures are characterized by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Structures with a feature size approaching the optical diffraction limit are clearly resolved. Fluorescence measurements on PhCs coated with a fluorescent dye were carried out to determine the relationship between the degree of light localization and the photonic band structure. Enhanced fluorescence at wavelengths 550-600 nm is observed in the dye covered PhCs with lattice period a =200 nm and a =400 nm. The large fluorescence enhancement results from the presence of PhC stop bands that increase the emission extraction efficiency due to the strong light confinement. Since the only allowed propagation direction for the scattered fluorescence light is out-of-plane, this enhances the vertically fluorescent extraction efficiency. These BTO optical microcavity structures can potentially serve as active nano-photonic components in bio-sensors and integrated photonic circuits.
Magnetofluorescent Hybrid Nanoparticles for Phototherapy of Cancer Cells
Authors: Kirui Dickson K , Batt Carl A 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMagnetofluorescent hybrid nanoparticles consisting of Au layer, an iron oxide moiety, and fluorescent molecules could provide a promising platform for development of multimodal imaging and therapy approaches in the treatment of cancer. However, the feasibility of this platform has yet to be fully explored. In this study, we synthesized biocompatible dumbbell-like iron-gold hybrid particles that are superparamagnetic, fluorescent and with strong optical absorption. Furthermore, we showed that hybrid nanoparticles can be conjugated to targeting agents allowing for specific targeting of cancer cells.
Surface Coatings Based on Polysilsesquioxanes: Grafting-from Approach Starting from Organic Polymers
Authors: Kessler Daniel , Theato Patrick 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPoly(methylsilsesquioxane) (PMSSQ) based hybrid materials are promising candidates to produce substrate-independent stable and adherent surface coatings. Usually these materials are synthesized by controlled radical polymerization from inorganic precursors. The presented synthetic pathway in here demonstrates how to graft PMSSQ networks from an endgroup-functionalized organic polymer and thus enlarges the range of accessible inorganic/organic hybrid coating materials.
Amorphous Polymer Networks Combining Three Functionalities–Shape-memory, Biodegradability, and Drug Release
Authors: Wischke Christian , Neffe Axel Thomas , Steuer Susi , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractShape-memory polymers are of high scientific and technological interest in the biomedical field, e.g., as matrix for self-anchoring implantable devices. In this study, two different star-shaped copolyester tetroles, semi-crystalline oligo[(-caprolactone)-co-glycolide]tetrol (oCG) and amorphous oligo[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide]tetrol (oLG), were synthesized and subsequently crosslinked by a low molecular weight diisocyanate resulting in copolyester urethane networks (N-CG, N-LG). Both networks could be loaded with model drugs and a diffusion controlled release of the drugs was observed without any effect on the mass loss as measure of hydrolytic degradation. However, the N-CG network’s capability of shape programming was disturbed as the crystallinity of the precursors got lost in the complex three dimensional architecture after crosslinking. By contrast, amorphous N-LG network showed an excellent shape-memory capability with a switching temperature around 36 °C corresponding to their glass transition temperature. This led to triple-functional materials combining biodegradability, shape-memory, and controlled drug release.
Capecitabine-Based Chemoradiotherapy with Adjuvant Capecitabine for Locally Advanced Squamous Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: Phase II Results
Authors: Domingo Efren , Lorvidhaya Vicharn , de los Reyes Rey , SyOrtin Teresa , Kamnerdsupaphon Pimkhuan , Lertbutsayanukul Chawalit , Vito-Cruz Erwin , Tharavichitkul Ekkasit , Jin Kate , Yoshihara Motoko , Cupino Nonette , Lertsanguansinchai Prasert 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Objectives.
Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer but causes considerable toxicity. Capecitabine and radiotherapy show preclinical synergy and clinical activity. The activity, tolerability, and oral administration of capecitabine make it an attractive adjunctive therapy.

Methods.
In this phase II study, patients with untreated International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIB–IIIB cervical cancer received capecitabine, 825 mg/m2 twice daily (Monday–Friday), during radiation (45 Gy per 25 fractions external-beam radiotherapy and 26 Gy high-dose rate brachytherapy to point A, maximum 8 weeks), followed by six cycles of capecitabine, 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily (days 1–14 every 21 days).

Results.
The overall response rate in 60 patients was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.4%–95.2%), including complete responses (CRs) in 80% of patients. The 1-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 86% (95% CI, 77%–95%) and 95% (95% CI, 89%–100%), respectively. At 23 months, 76% of patients were progression free (95% CI, 65%–88%) and CR was maintained in 90% (95% CI, 81%–99%) of the 48 patients achieving a CR. There were three grade 3 or 4 treatment-related events: reversible grade 4 hypokalemia, grade 3 diarrhea, and grade 3 hand–foot syndrome.

Conclusions.
Capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy with adjuvant capecitabine is a well-tolerated option with an early signal of efficacy meriting further evaluation.
Aquatic toxicity of sertraline toPimephales promelasat environmentally relevant surface water pH
Authors: Valenti Theodore W. , Perez-Hurtado Pilar , Chambliss C. Kevin , Brooks Bryan W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractResearchers recognize that ionization state may influence the biological activity of weak acids and bases. Dissociation in aqueous solutions is controlled by the pKa of a compound and the pH of the matrix. Because many pharmaceuticals are implicitly designed as ionizable compounds, site-specific variability in pH of receiving waters may introduce uncertainty to ecological risk assessments. The present study employed 48-h and 7-d toxicity tests with Pimephales promelas exposed to the model weak base pharmaceutical sertraline over a gradient of environmentally relevant surface water pHs. The 48-h experiments were completed in triplicate, and the average lethal concentration values were 647, 205, and 72 μL sertraline at pH 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5, respectively. Survivorship, growth, and feeding rate (a nontraditional endpoint linked by other researchers to sertraline's specific mode of action) were monitored during the 7-d experiment. Adverse effects were more pronounced when individuals were exposed to sertraline at pH 8.5 compared to pH 7.5 and 6.5. The pH-dependent toxicological relationships from these studies were related to in-stream pH data for two streams in the Brazos River basin of central Texas, USA. This predictive approach was taken because of the scarcity of environmental analytical data for sertraline. The results of this study emphasized temporal variability associated with in-stream pH linked to seasonal differences within and between these spatially related systems. Relating site-specific pH variability of surface waters to ionization state may allow researchers to reduce uncertainty during ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals by improving estimates of biological effects associated with exposure.
Designing Well Fluids for the Ormen Lange Gas Project, Right on the Edge
Authors: Vickers Stephen , Hutton Alistair , Lund Arne , McKay Ian , Van Kranenburg Aart , Twycross Jean 
Published: August 2009

Summary
The challenges in developing the Ormen Lange field were the harsh weather conditions, deepwater depth, subsea topography and subzero seabed temperatures. Due to environmental constraints and the selected sandface completion type, a water-based fluid system was required. This paper discusses the design of the fluids to give full hydrate inhibition, maximize breaker effectiveness, provide low overbalance, and reduce corrosion risk. An extensive research and development program was initiated that spanned over two years. The study included bridging and chemical component selection, brine evaluation, hydrate suppression measurement, elastomers compatibility, extensive breaker treatment studies, formation damage measurements using actual reservoir core and long term corrosion testing. An in-situ generating acid/enzyme breaker treatment deployed in the gravel-pack carrier fluid was developed to optimize filter-cake cleanup while providing a noncorrosive environment for the selected gravel-pack screens and lower completion metallurgy. The basis of design and knowledge gained in the laboratory testing phase was transferred to the field, and the first three wells of the initial development phase have been drilled and completed trouble free. The resulting production rates have met expected targets proving low formation damage and an efficient cleanup was achieved.
Near-field scanning optical microscopy local luminescence studies of rhodamine dye
Authors: Klapetek Petr , Bujdák Juraj , Buršík Jiří 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
This article presents results of near-field scanning optical microscope measurement of local luminescence of rhodamine 3B intercalated in montmorillonite samples. We focus on how local topography affects both the excitation and luminescence signals and resulting optical artifacts. The Finite Difference in Time Domain method (FDTD) is used to model the electromagnetic field distribution of the full tip-sample geometry including far-field radiation. Even complex problems like localized luminescence can be simulated computationally using FDTD and these simulations can be used to separate the luminescence signal from topographic artifacts.
Solutions of the perturbed KdV equation for convecting fluids by factorizations
Authors: Cornejo-Pérez Octavio , Rosu Haret 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain some new explicit travelling wave solutions of the perturbed KdV equation through recent factorization techniques that can be performed when the coefficients of the equation fulfill a certain condition. The solutions are obtained by using a two-step factorization procedure through which the perturbed KdV equation is reduced to a nonlinear second order differential equation, and to some Bernoulli and Abel type differential equations whose solutions are expressed in terms of the exponential andWeierstrass functions.
Application of Overlapping Mesh in Numerical Hydrodynamics
Authors: Panahi Roozbeh , Shafieefar Mehdi 
Published: August 2009

Application of Overlapping Mesh in Numerical Hydrodynamics
A Finite Volume (FV) algorithm is presented to investigate two-dimensional hydrodynamic problems including viscous free surface flow interaction with free rigid bodies in the case of large and/or relative motions. Two-phase flow with complex deformations at the interface is simulated using a fractional stepvolume of fluid algorithm while it is also capable of representing a high quality wave tank, according to implemented temporal discretisation. Rigid body motions are also captured using two overset meshes. Flow variables are transferred using a simple fully implicit non-conservative interpolation scheme which maintains the second-order accuracy of implemented spatial discretisation. A code is developed and an appropriate set of problems are investigated. Results show a good potential to develop a virtual hydrodynamics laboratory.
Accuracy analysis of stowing computations for securing non-standard cargoes on ships according to IMO CSS Code
Authors: Kabaciński Jerzy , Wiśnicki Bogusz 
Published: August 2009

Accuracy analysis of stowing computations for securing non-standard cargoes on ships according to IMO CSS Code
The article takes up a subject of effectiveness of securing arrangements while stowing non-standard cargoes on ships. Accuracy analysis of stowing calculations was based on procedures proposed by Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing - CSS Code. Detailed calculations of forces and moments related to lashings, which prevents non-standard cargo against transverse tipping, were performed. Some simplifications were proven that may result in underestimating or overstating the calculated righting moment, which decides of safety margin of securing non-standard cargoes. The alternative more reliable procedure, without simplifications, was proposed.
The Influence of pH of Nutrient Solution On Yield and Nutritional Status of Tomato Plants Grown in Soilless Culture System
Authors: Dyśko Jacek , Kowalczyk Waldemar , Kaniszewski stanisław 
Published: August 2009

The Influence of pH of Nutrient Solution On Yield and Nutritional Status of Tomato Plants Grown in Soilless Culture System
The aim of the studies conducted in the years 2004-2006 was determination the influence of nutrient solution of different pH on the yield and nutritional status of tomato plants grown in soilless culture in organic and inert medium. Tomato plants were grown on slabs made of shredded rye straw and on slabs of peat and rockwool. The plants were fertilized with standard nutrient solution of different pH: 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5. Nutrient solution pH and the kind of applied growing substrates were exerted significantly influence on the height of total and marketable yield of tomato cv. Blitz F1. Early yield was not depended on pH of nutrient solution and the kind of using substrates. The highest total and marketable yield was observed in tomato grown in rockwool slabs. For all the growing media, the highest yield of tomatoes was obtained after feeding the plants with the nutrient solution of pH 5.5. The kind of growing substrates and pH of nutrient solution were significantly differenced the nutritional status of tomato plants. Despite of considerable differentiation of means concentration of mineral nutrient in tomato leaves, the plant growth and development were proper. Concentration of mineral nutrients was comprised at the optimum range of nutritional status of tomato plants. The pH of nutrient solution at the range of 4.5-6.0 was not exerted significantly influence on nutritional status of tomato plants with nitrogen, potassium and magnesium. With the increase of the pH nutrient solution the average phosphorus, iron and manganese content was decreased. The higher concentration of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium was occurred in tomato plants cultivated in organic substrates than in rockwool. The phosphorus and manganese content was higher in the leaves of tomato plants grown in rockwool compared to those in the organic media. Tomato plants grown in the straw substrate contained lower concentrations of potassium and iron and more calcium in comparison to peat.
Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Term
Authors: Gajewski Marek , Węglarz Zenon , Sereda Anna , Bajer Marta , Kuczkowska Agnieszka , Majewski Michał 
Published: August 2009

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Term
In 2007-2008 the effect of nitrogen fertilization and harvest term on quality of two carrot cultivars was investigated. The field experiment was carried out in Żelazna Experimental Station of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Karotan F1 and Trafford F1 cultivars, commonly grown for juice industry, were the objects of the experiment. Carrot seeds were sown at the beginning of May. Nitrogen fertilization was applied in five rates, ranged from 0 to 120 kg·ha-1 and in two terms — before sowing and in the middle of growing season. Roots were harvested in three terms: mid-September, mid-October and the first decade of November. After harvest there were determined: nitrates (NO3) content in carrot roots and juice, soluble solids, colour parameters of juice in CIE L*a*b* system. The dose and the term of nitrogen fertilization influenced nitrates content in carrots, and the highest NO3 concentration was found in carrots fertilized with 120 kg·ha-1 of N before sowing. Karotan showed higher nitrates accumulation than Trafford. The content of nitrates in the roots was markedly higher than in carrot juice. Nitrates content in carrots decreased with delaying of harvest time, in opposite to soluble solids content. Soluble solids content and colour parameters of carrot juice were not affected by nitrogen fertilization, but the lowest L*, a* and b* values were observed at the last term of harvest.