bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Benefits Of Using Low Accelerating Voltage To Assess Endodontic Instruments By Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Stowe Sally , Parirokh Masoud , Asgary Saeed , Eghbal Mohammed Jafar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractScanning electron microscopy is often used to evaluate surface contamination and machining defects in dental and other medical instruments. Knowledge of the operating conditions of the SEM, in particular the accelerating voltage, is essential to properly interpret images of such material. We demonstrate the importance of using low accelerating voltages to detect surface features including contamination on NiTi rotary and hand files, and conclude that even recent studies may have significantly underestimated the amount of non‐metallic debris (from the manufacturing process or from biological contamination) present on the surface of such instruments.
Evaluation Of The Antimicrobial Effect Of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation Versus 1% Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigation For Root Canal Disinfection
Authors: Perin Fernanda M. , França Suzelei C. , Silva‐Sousa Yara T.C. , Alfredo Edson , Saquy Paulo C. , Estrela Carlos , Sousa‐Neto Manoel D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis laboratory study evaluated Er:YAG laser antibacterial action in infected root canals. Forty‐eight maxillary central incisors were used. After canal preparation, the teeth were autoclaved and divided into four groups: (1) non‐treated teeth (control group); (2) teeth treated with NaOCl; (3) teeth irradiated with Er:YAG laser (7 Hz, 100 mJ, 80 pulses/canal, 11 sec) to the working length; (4) teeth irradiated similarly to, but 3 mm short, of the apex. The root canals from Groups 2, 3 and 4 were inoculated with 4 bacteria: Bacillus subtillus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, together with Candida albicans, and maintained for 24 h at 37°C. All suspensions were adjusted to tube 2 of the MacFarland scale. The intracanal material was then collected with sterile paper points, which were placed in the canals for 5 min and then immersed in 5 ml of BHI medium. This was then seeded onto agar and stained by Gram's method. The NaOCl solutions and the Er:YAG laser irradiation to working length were effective against all five micro‐organisms; however, 70% of the specimens irradiated 3 mm short of the apex remained infected.
Frequency Of Transverse Anastomoses With And Without Apical Communication In Japanese Population Teeth
Authors: Villegas Juan C. , Yoshioka Takatomo , Kobayashi Chihiro , Suda Hideaki 
Published: February 2010

The aim of this study was to describe and measure the frequency of transverse anastomoses with and without an apical communication in Japanese population teeth.One hundred and twenty‐three extracted teeth from Japanese people were used in this study. The sample consisted of: 63 mandibular first molars, 30 maxillary first molars and 30 maxillary first premolars. Access openings were made through the crowns to the pulp chamber and India ink was injected into the coronal pulp space and vacuumed from the apical end. The teeth were cleaned and digital micrographs taken from several angles to identify transverse anastomoses.Fourteen teeth had only one canal and 81 teeth out of 109 (74%) had transverse anastomoses including 6 teeth (5.5%) that had an apical communication. Most of the anastomoses (50) were located in the middle portion of the canal and 22 (20%) teeth showed multiple anastomoses.Special attention must be taken after resection of roots with apparent multiple canals. The potentially exposed exits and/or isthmuses should be taken into consideration during surgical endodontic treatment.
Transient Peripheral Immune Response and Central Nervous System Leaky Compartmentalization in a Viral Model for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Navarrete‐Talloni María José , Kalkuhl Arno , Deschl Ulrich , Ulrich Reiner , Kummerfeld Maren , Rohn Karl , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Beineke Andreas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTheiler's virus‐induced demyelination represents an important animal model to study the chronic‐progressive form of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the present study was to identify specific genes and pathways in the deep cervical lymph node (cLN) and spleen of experimentally infected SJL‐mice, using DNA microarrays. Analyses identified 387 genes in the deep cLN and only 6 genes in the spleen of infected animals. The lymph node presented 27.4% of genes with fold changes ±1.5 at 14 days post infection (dpi) and a reduced transcription at later time points. K‐means clustering analyses resulted in five clusters. Accordingly, functional annotation revealed that the B‐cell immune response pathway was the most up‐regulated cluster at the early phase. Additionally, an increase of CD68‐ and lysozyme‐positive cells in the deep cLN was observed by immunohistochemistry. Polioencephalitis was most intense at 14 dpi, and the spinal cord demyelinating leukomyelitis started at 42 dpi.In summary, early gene expression is indicative of virus‐trigged immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS)‐draining lymph node. The decreased gene transcription in the deep cLN during the chronic phase and the low number of spleen genes supports the hypothesis of a compartmentalized inflammation within the CNS, as described in progressive MS.
When are genetic methods useful for estimating contemporary abundance and detecting population trends?
Authors: TALLMON DAVID A. , GREGOVICH DAVE , WAPLES ROBIN S. , SCOTT BAKER C. , JACKSON JENNIFER , TAYLOR BARBARA L. , ARCHER ERIC , MARTIEN KAREN K. , ALLENDORF FRED W. , SCHWARTZ MICHAEL K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe utility of microsatellite markers for inferring population size and trend has not been rigorously examined, even though these markers are commonly used to monitor the demography of natural populations. We assessed the ability of a linkage disequilibrium estimator of effective population size (Ne) and a simple capture‐recapture estimator of abundance (N) to quantify the size and trend of stable or declining populations (true N = 100–10,000), using simulated Wright–Fisher populations. Neither method accurately or precisely estimated abundance at sample sizes of S = 30 individuals, regardless of true N. However, if larger samples of S = 60 or 120 individuals were collected, these methods provided useful insights into abundance and trends for populations of N = 100–500. At small population sizes (N = 100 or 250), precision of the Ne estimates was improved slightly more by a doubling of loci sampled than by a doubling of individuals sampled. In general, monitoring Ne proved a more robust means of identifying stable and declining populations than monitoring N over most of the parameter space we explored, and performance of the Ne estimator is further enhanced if the Ne/N ratio is low. However, at the largest population size (N = 10,000), N estimation outperformed Ne. Both methods generally required ≥ 5 generations to pass between sampling events to correctly identify population trend.
Intraday Volatility Patterns in the Taiwan Stock Market and the Impact on Volatility Forecasting
Authors: Wang Yaw‐Huei , Wang Yun‐Yi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGiven the growing importance of the Taiwan stock market, the present study sets out to provide a comprehensive investigation of the intraday time series of the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX). We begin by exploring the intraday volatility patterns and then go on to examine their impact on intraday volatility forecasting. We find that the volatility of the TAIEX returns exhibits an L‐shaped intraday periodic pattern, which is distinct across each day of the week. Our empirical results indicate that taking the intraday periodic pattern into account in a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model can substantially improve the precision of intraday volatility forecasting.
Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Infection among Infants in Lisbon, Portugal, Caused by Human Adenovirus Serotype 3 and a New 7/3 Recombinant Strain
Authors: Rebelo-de-Andrade Helena , Pereira Cristiana , Gíria Marta , Prudêncio Ema , Brito Maria João , Calé Etelvina , Taveira Nuno 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
Human adenoviruses (AdVs) typically cause mild illnesses in otherwise healthy hosts. We investigated a pediatric outbreak of acute respiratory infection with fatal outcomes that occurred in Lisbon, Portugal, in 2004. Biological specimens were collected from 83 children attending two nurseries, a kinesiotherapy clinic, and the household of a nanny. Adenovirus infection was confirmed in 48 children by PCR and virus isolation. Most (96%) isolates were classified as being of subspecies B1. Phylogenetic analysis of fiber and hexon gene sequences revealed that most infants were infected with AdV serotype 3 (AdV3) strains. Infants attending one nursery harbored a new recombinant strain containing an AdV serotype 7 hexon and serotype 3 fiber (AdV7/3). Both the AdV3 and the AdV7/3 strains caused fatal infections. Two different serotype 3 strains were circulating in Lisbon in 2004, and the new AdV7/3 recombinant type originated from only one of those strains. These results demonstrate that recombination leads to the emergence of new adenovirus strains with epidemic and lethal potential.
A Novel Inhibitor of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway Encoded by the Parapoxvirus Orf Virus
Authors: Diel D. G. , Delhon G. , Luo S. , Flores E. F. , Rock D. L. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

The parapoxvirus orf virus (ORFV) is a pathogen of sheep and goats that has been used as a preventive and therapeutic immunomodulatory agent in several animal species. However, the functions (genes, proteins, and mechanisms of action) evolved by ORFV to modulate and manipulate immune responses are poorly understood. Here, the novel ORFV protein ORFV024 was shown to inhibit activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, an important modulator of early immune responses against viral infections. Infection of primary ovine cells with an
ORFV024
deletion mutant virus resulted in a marked increase in expression of NF-κB-regulated chemokines and other proinflammatory host genes. Expression of ORFV024 in cell cultures significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB-responsive reporter gene expression. Further, ORFV024 expression decreased TNF-α-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65, phosphorylation, and degradation of IκBα, and phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) subunits IKKα and IKKβ, indicating that ORFV024 functions by inhibiting activation of IKKs, the bottleneck for most NF-κB activating stimuli. Although ORFV024 interferes with activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, its deletion from the OV-IA82 genome had no significant effect on disease severity, progression, and time to resolution in sheep, indicating that ORFV024 is not essential for virus virulence in the natural host. This represents the first description of a NF-κB inhibitor encoded by a parapoxvirus.
Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoproteins H/L Bind to Cells Independently of αVβ3 Integrin and Inhibit Virus Entry, and Their Constitutive Expression Restricts Infection
Authors: Gianni Tatiana , Cerretani Arianna , DuBois Rebecca , Salvioli Stefano , Blystone Scott S. , Rey Felix , Campadelli-Fiume Gabriella 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) fusion with cells requires the gD, gB, and gH/gL glycoprotein quartet. gD serves as a receptor binding glycoprotein. gB and gH/gL execute fusion in an as-yet-unclear manner. To better understand the role of gH/gL in HSV entry, we produced a soluble version of gH/gL carrying a One-STrEP tag (gH
t.st
/gL). Previous findings implicated integrins as possible ligands to gH/gL (C. Parry et al., J. Gen. Virol. 86:7-10, 2005). We report that (i) gH
t.st
/gL bound a number of cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations similar to those required for the binding of soluble gB or gD. (ii) gH
t.st
/gL inhibited HSV entry at the same concentrations required for binding. It also inhibited cell-cell fusion in transfected cells. (iii) The absence of β3 integrin did not prevent the binding of gH
t.st
/gL to CHO cells and infection inhibition. Conversely, integrin-negative K562 cells did not acquire the ability to bind gH
t.st
/gL when hyperexpressing αVβ3 integrin. (iv) Constitutive expression of wild-type gH/gL (wt-gH/gL) restricted infection in all of the cell lines tested, a behavior typical of glycoproteins which bind cellular receptors. The extent of restriction broadly paralleled the efficiency of gH/gL transfection. RGD motif mutant gH/gL could not be differentiated from wt-gH with respect to restriction of infection. Cumulatively, the present results provide several lines of evidence that HSV gH/gL interacts with a cell surface cognate protein(s), that this protein is not necessarily an αVβ3 integrin, and that this interaction is required for the process of virus entry/fusion.
Does a home-based strength and balance programme in people aged ≥80 years provide the best value for money to prevent falls? A systematic review of economic evaluations of falls prevention interventions
Authors: Davis J C , Robertson M C , Ashe M C , Liu-Ambrose T , Khan K M , Marra C A 
Published: February 2010

ObjectivesTo investigate the value for money of strategies to prevent falls in older adults living in the community.DesignSystematic review of peer reviewed journal articles reporting an economic evaluation of a falls prevention intervention as part of a randomised controlled trial or a controlled trial, or using an analytical model. MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE and NHS EED databases were searched to identify cost-effectiveness, cost–utility and cost–benefit studies from 1945 through July 2008.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was incremental cost-effectiveness, cost–utility and cost–benefit ratios in the reported currency and in pounds sterling at 2008 prices. The quality of the studies was assessed using two instruments: (1) an economic evaluation checklist developed by Drummond and colleagues and (2) the Quality of Health Economic Studies instrument.ResultsNine studies meeting our inclusion criteria included eight cost-effectiveness analyses, one cost–utility and one cost–benefit analysis. Three effective falls prevention strategies were cost saving in a subgroup of participants: (1) an individually customised multifactorial programme in those with four or more of the eight targeted fall risk factors, (2) the home-based Otago Exercise Programme in people ≥80 years and (3) a home safety programme in the subgroup with a previous fall. These three findings were from six studies that scored ≥75% on the Quality of Health Economic Studies instrument.ConclusionsBest value for money came from effective single factor interventions such as the Otago Exercise Programme which was cost saving in adults 80 years and older. This programme has broad applicability thus warranting warrants health policy decision-makers’ close scrutiny.
A meningeal myofibroblastic neoplasm related to solitary fibrous tumour and associated with a malignant neuroblastic element
Authors: Bracey T S , Hilton D A , Sulkin T , Smith M E F 
Published: February 2010

BackgroundSolitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal tumour now described at many locations, including the meninges. Intracranial SFT closely resembles meningioma clinically and radiologically, and, like meningioma, reports of meningeal SFT suggest a relatively benign behaviour after complete resection. Histopathological features distinguishing SFT from meningioma include variable cellularity, spindle cells arranged in fascicles, staghorn blood vessels and immunopositivity for CD34.Clinical presentationThe case is reported of a 60-year-old man with an anterior cranial fossa meningeal-based mass, which was resected. Histology showed some features in common with SFT (variable cellularity, spindled morphology, CD34 expression), but included an epithelioid element with cytokeratin and desmin immunopositivity, and lacked the characteristic vascular pattern of SFT. Histological features of meningioma were lacking. Recurrence of the tumour with extracranial extension 9 years later resulted in death of the patient. Histological examination revealed similar biphasic epithelioid and spindled CD34-immunopositive appearance to the earlier tumour, but in addition showed a high-grade element resembling olfactory neuroblastoma.ConclusionThis case report is of a meningeal-based mesenchymal neoplasm with histological similarities to SFT. Its morphology and immunophenotype, however, are distinct from SFT and hence it is proposed that it is a newly described entity. In addition, recurrence of the tumour with a high-grade neuroblastic element has, to our knowledge, not previously been described in SFT.
The role of fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma: a retrospective study of nine cases and review of published series
Authors: Morgen Eric K , Geddie William , Boerner Scott , Bailey Denis , Santos Gilda da Cunha 
Published: February 2010

AimsTo review the clinicopathological, cytomorphological and immunophenotyping data from new cases and published series of thyroid lymphoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA), in order to identify useful diagnostic features.MethodsCases from 1988 to 2009 with an FNA diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma were selected from hospital records. An electronic MEDLINE(R) and EMBASE search retrieved published series from 1980 to 2009. Available clinical, cytomorphological and immunophenotyping data from all cases were collected. In our cases, cytology slides and available surgical specimens were also reviewed.ResultsThere were nine cases from eight of our patients, and 70 reviewed cases from eight series with at least four patients each. The most common presentation was a rapidly enlarging thyroid mass. Average patient age was 61 years in reviewed cases and 72 years in our cases. Large-cell lymphoma was the predominant subtype, revealing relatively monotonous populations of large, abnormal lymphoid cells. One of our cases, later diagnosed as marginal zone lymphoma, showed small lymphocytes with plasmacytoid features. Immunoprofiling information was available in five of our cases (three by immunocytochemistry and two by laser scanning cytometry) and in 34 reviewed cases (22 by immunocytochemistry, six by flow cytometry, and six by flow cytometry or immunocytochemistry).ConclusionsCytological diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma requires careful analysis of morphological, clinical and immunophenotypic information. The presented data suggest certain helpful features: a fast-growing nodule in an elderly patient, a monotonous population of large abnormal cells in a background of lymphoglandular bodies, a predominant population of plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and immunophenotyping demonstrating light chain restriction.
Serum CA19.9 levels are commonly elevated in primary ovarian mucinous tumours but cannot be used to predict the histological subtype
Authors: Kelly Paul J , Archbold Pooler , Price John H , Cardwell Chris , McCluggage W Glenn 
Published: February 2010

AimsCA19.9 is a monosialoganglioside secreted by mucinous tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, including the pancreas and biliary tree. Limited studies have shown that this tumour marker may also be elevated in primary ovarian mucinous neoplasms, but no study has assessed whether serum CA19.9 levels can be used to predict if a primary ovarian mucinous tumour is benign, borderline or malignant. The aim of this study was to correlate the serum CA19.9 level with the histological features in a large series of primary ovarian mucinous neoplasms.Methods144 cases of primary ovarian mucinous neoplasm (79 benign, 45 borderline and 20 malignant) were identified in which a preoperative serum CA19.9 level had been performed. The association between the serum levels and the histological subtype and a variety of other parameters was investigated. In a subset of cases, immunohistochemical staining for CA19.9 was performed on tumour blocks.ResultsSerum CA19.9 levels were elevated in 27%, 38% and 40% of mucinous cystadenomas, borderline mucinous tumours and mucinous carcinomas, respectively. Markedly elevated levels of serum CA19.9 were observed in each group, with the highest serum CA19.9 measurements being noted in borderline mucinous tumours. There was no relationship between the serum CA19.9 level and whether the tumours were benign, borderline or malignant (Kruskal–Wallis test p value=0.32). A weak but statistically significant correlation was found between tumour maximum dimension and CA19.9 level (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient=0.17, p=0.04). In those cases in which CA19.9 immunohistochemistry was performed, all tumours showed positive staining for CA19.9, with 60% of these cases being associated with an elevated serum CA19.9 level.ConclusionPreoperative CA19.9 levels cannot be used to predict whether a suspected ovarian mucinous tumour is benign, borderline or malignant. Markedly elevated serum levels (>1000 U/ml) may be found in benign mucinous neoplasms as well as in borderline and malignant tumours.
Periodic Point, Endpoint, and Convergence Theorems for Dissipative Set-Valued Dynamic Systems with Generalized Pseudodistances in Cone Uniform and Uniform Spaces
Authors: Włodarczyk Kazimierz , Plebaniak Robert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn cone uniform and uniform spaces, we introduce the three kinds of dissipative set-valued dynamic systems with generalized pseudodistances and not necessarily lower semicontinuous entropies, we study the convergence of dynamic processes and generalized sequences of iterations of these dissipative dynamic systems, and we establish conditions guaranteeing the existence of periodic points and endpoints of these dissipative dynamic systems and the convergence to these periodic points and endpoints of dynamic processes and generalized sequences of iterations of these dissipative dynamic systems. The paper includes examples.
A Cumulus Parameterization with State-Dependent Entrainment Rate. Part I: Description and Sensitivity to Temperature and Humidity Profiles
Authors: Chikira Minoru , Sugiyama Masahiro 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A new cumulus parameterization is developed for which an entraining plume model is adopted. The lateral entrainment rate varies vertically depending on the surrounding environment. Two different formulations are examined for the rate. The cumulus ensemble is spectrally represented according to the updraft velocity at cloud base. Cloud-base mass flux is determined with prognostic convective kinetic energy closure. The entrainment rate tends to be large near cloud base because of the small updraft velocity near that level. Deep convection tends to be suppressed when convective available potential energy is small because of upward reduction of in-cloud moist static energy. Dry environmental air significantly reduces in-cloud humidity mainly because of the large entrainment rate in the lower troposphere, which leads to suppression of deep convection, consistent with observations and previous results of cloud-resolving models. The change in entrainment rate has the potential to influence cumulus convection through many feedbacks. The results of an atmospheric general circulation model are improved in both climatology and variability. A representation of the South Pacific convergence zone and the double intertropical convergence zone is improved. The moist Kelvin waves are represented without empirical triggering schemes with a reasonable equivalent depth. A spectral analysis shows a strong signal of the Madden–Julian oscillation. The scheme provides new insights and better understanding of the interaction between cumuli and the surrounding environment.