bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The anatomical basis of the resisted supination external rotation test for superior labral anterior to posterior lesions
Authors: McCaughey Rose , Green Rodney A. , Taylor Nicholas F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe majority of clinical tests used to diagnose superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions of the shoulder have poor diagnostic accuracy, possibly related to a lack of anatomical validity for test procedures. The resisted supination external rotation (RSER) test is suggested to reproduce symptoms associated with a SLAP lesion by placing stress on the labrum through increasing tension in biceps brachii long head. The test requires supination of the forearm against resistance, while the shoulder is externally rotated passively. It was hypothesized that the RSER would increase activity in biceps brachii long head, thereby providing evidence of the anatomical validity of the test. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure activity in biceps brachii long head and five other muscles potentially recruited during the RSER test in 12 healthy subjects. EMG amplitude was normalized against maximum voluntary isometric contraction for each muscle. Muscle activity values were averaged across five RSER trials and graded descriptively. Moderately strong activity was recorded in biceps brachii long head and supinator muscle throughout all phases of the RSER test. Brachialis was minimally active throughout the test. The results provide support for the anatomical basis of the RSER test, with the resisted forearm supination component of the test recruiting moderately strong levels of activity in biceps brachii long head throughout the test. Although the evidence of anatomical validity provides support for the RSER test as a clinical test for SLAP lesions of the shoulder, further tests of diagnostic accuracy are required. Clin. Anat. 22:665–670, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The normal width of the linea alba in nulliparous women
Authors: Beer Gertrude M. , Schuster Antonius , Seifert Burkhardt , Manestar Mirjana , Mihic‐Probst Daniela , Weber Sina A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe function of the linea alba is to maintain the abdominal muscles at a certain proximity to each other. In the case of long‐lasting increased intra‐abdominal pressure, the linea alba widens. Yet, as the existence of the linea a priori implicates a physiological distance between the two rectus muscles, the question arises as to what the normal width of the linea alba is. To evaluate the normal width of the linea alba, we examined 150 nulliparous women between 20 and 45 years of age with a body mass index < 30 kg m−2 by ultrasound at three reference points: the origin at the xiphoid and 3 cm above and 2 cm below the umbilicus. The examination revealed a broad range of widths at the three reference points. The linea was widest at 3 cm above the umbilicus (−35 mm), followed by the reference point 2 cm below the umbilicus (−31 mm) and the origin at the xiphoid (−31 mm). The mean width was 7 ± 5 mm at the xiphoid and 13 ± 7 mm above and 8 ± 6 mm below the umbilicus. For the definition of the normal width of the linea, the 10th and 90th percentiles were taken. The linea alba can be considered “normal” up to a width of 15 mm at the xiphoid, up to 22 mm at the reference point 3 cm above the umbilicus and up to 16 mm at the reference point 2 cm below the umbilicus in nulliparous women. Clin. Anat. 22:706–711, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The human temporalis muscle: Superficial, deep, and zygomatic parts comprise one structural unit
Authors: Sedlmayr Jayc C. , Kirsch Claudia F.E. , Wisco Jonathan J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe structure of the temporalis muscle was examined in detail from cadaveric specimens (32 specimens from 16 subjects: 5 males, average age 80.6 years; 11 females, average age 88.6 years) and Computerized Tomography (CT) and T1‐weighted Magnetic Resonance (MR) images from normal clinical patients (10 females: average age 45.0 years). Three parts of the muscle were clearly delineated in all cadaveric specimens: (1) the classically recognized superficial part, (2) a zygomatic part, and (3) a complex deep part. In one female specimen, the superficial temporalis demonstrated extensive insertions into the zygomatic process and temporomandibular joint. The zygomatic temporalis originates from the zygomatic arch to insert into the superficial part of the temporalis as it inserts into the lateral surface of the coronoid process. In all specimens, the deep temporalis contained muscle bundles that originated from various crests along the anterior surface of the temporal fossa and inserted into the internal aspect of the coronoid process and retromolar triangle, interdigitating with the buccinator, mylohyoid, and superior constrictor muscles. The confluence of muscle fibers into the buccinator muscle was confirmed in all CT/MRI images. The deep and zygomatic parts described were regarded as accessory muscle bellies previously, but are demonstrably part of the temporalis muscle as a whole. Clin. Anat. 22:655–664, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biological markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and evaluation of in vitro effect of CSF on PC12 cell line viability in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yaka Erdem , Egrilmez Mehtap Yuksel , Keskinoglu Pembe , Cavdar Zahide , Genc Sermin , Genc Kursad , İyilikci Leyla , Yener Görsev G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe definite diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is based on post mortem pathological examination. To date, there is no laboratory test that can discriminate AD patients from healthy individuals. In the perspective of recent knowledge, there are three cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers which have the highest sensitivity and specificity: Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42, and p‐tau. In the present study, 15 ‘Probable Alzheimer's Disease’ (PAD) patients and 15 control subjects were included. PAD patients were selected from the patients of Dokuz Eylül University Neurology Department Dementia outpatient clinic and control subjects were selected from the patients who were undergone epidural anesthesia because of any surgical operation. The concentrations of Ab1–40, Ab1–42, and p‐tau in CSF were quantified by using ELISA. Also, the effects of ‘PAD patients’ CSF on the survival of PC12 cell line were assessed. There was a significant decrease of Ab1–40 and increase of p‐tau in patients with AD when compared with controls. Ab1–42 concentration was not significantly different between groups. There was a positive corelation between duration of the disease and CSF of p‐tau concentration in patients with AD. There was no significant difference in cell line viability values between groups. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting juvenile delinquency: The nexus of childhood maltreatment, depression and bipolar disorder
Authors: Mallett Christopher A. , Stoddard Dare Patricia , Seck Mamadou M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground It is important to identify and provide preventative interventions for youth who are most at risk for offending behaviour, but the connection between early childhood or adolescent experiences and later delinquency adjudication is complicated.Aim To test for associations between specified mental disorders or maltreatment and later delinquency adjudication.Method Participants were a random sample of youth before the juvenile courts in two Northeast Ohio counties in the USA (n = 555) over a 4‐year time frame (2003 to 2006).Results Logistic regression analysis identified a lifetime diagnosis of depression and/or bipolar disorder to be predictive of later youth delinquency adjudication, but found that childhood maltreatment (or involvement with the child welfare system) made delinquency outcomes less likely.Implications Study implications are discussed as they relate to professionals working in the fields of child welfare, social work, mental health and juvenile justice. Awareness of risks associated with maltreatment may have led to effective interventions, while there may be less awareness of risks from depression in young people; however, studies tend not to take account of intervention variables. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of currently available clinical evidence on migraine and patent foramen ovale percutaneous closure: Much ado about nothing?
Authors: Butera Gianfranco , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe G. L. , Carminati Mario , Caputi Luigi , Usai Susanna , Bussone Gennaro , Meola Giovanni , Delogu Angelica Bibiana , Sheiban Imad , Sangiorgi Giuseppe 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives: To investigate the role of transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale on the occurrence of migraine. Background: In recent years, a potential relationship between, migraine, stroke, and patent foramen ovale (PFO) has emerged. Methods: BioMedCentral, Google Scholar, and PubMed from January 2000 to December 2008 were systematically searched for pertinent clinical studies. Secondary sources were also used. Secondary prevention studies of transcatheter closure for patent foramen ovale were required to include at least more than 10 patients followed for more than 6 months. The primary end‐point was the rate of cured or significantly improved migraine after percutaneous PFO closure. Results: After excluding 637 citations, we finally included a total of 11 studies for a total of 1,306 patients. Forty percent of the subjects included suffered from migraine, while most had a previous history of transient ischemic attack/stroke and were investigated retrospectively. Quantitative synthesis showed that complete cure of migraine in 46% (95% C.I.25–67%), while resolution or significant improvement of migraine occurred in 83% (95% C.I. 78–88%) of cases. Conclusions: Notwithstanding the limitations inherent in the primary studies, this systematic review suggests that a significant group of subjects with migraine, in particular if treated after a neurological event, may benefit from percutaneous closure of their patent foramen ovale. However, many questions remain unsolved. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fabrication of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by Highly Exothermic Reactions
Authors: Martirosyan K. S. , Luss D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe development of two methods using highly exothermic oxidation reactions to synthesize nanostructured oxide particles is described. The first method uses solution combustion to produce a high temperature front that moves through the sample and produces the nanoparticles. For example, Bi2O3nanoparticles are produced using a solution of molten metal nitrates and glycine. The glycine (fuel) is completely combusted during the thermal decomposition of the (oxidizer) nitrates and generates a temperature front that propagates through the sample. The second method produces nanoparticles by a self‐propagating high‐temperature reaction from stoichiometric powder mixtures of metal oxides (or carbonates) and carbon. The exothermic oxidation of the carbon generates a propagating high‐temperature front at a velocity in the range of 0.1–2.5 mm/s that converts the reactants to products. In both cases, the synthesis was completed within a few seconds. In both methods, a higher maximum combustion temperature and larger oxide particle size were obtained following an increase in the fuel concentration. The main advantages of these synthesis methods technologies are simplicity, short reaction time, low reactant costs, and no external energy consumption. The methods can be used to synthesize nanoparticles for various applications including nanoenergetic materials, catalysts and electronic components.
Bayesian regularization: application to calibration in NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Alciaturi C. E. , Quevedo G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe use of a Bayesian regularization algorithm is proposed for calibration in near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIR) with linear models. The algorithm used in this work is based upon the concepts developed by MacKay for inference and model comparison in artificial neural networks. It is demonstrated that this algorithm is fast, easy to use, and shows good generalization properties without previous dimensionality reduction. Examples are shown for NIR spectroscopy calibration and synthetic data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pervaporation separation of n‐heptane/organosulfur mixtures with PDMS membrane: Experimental and modelling
Authors: Huang Junqi , Li Jiding , Chen Jian , Zhan Xia , Chen Cuixian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pervaporation membrane was employed to simulate the desulfurization process of gasoline where n‐heptane was selected to stand for gasoline. A modified solution–diffusion model is proposed to account for the mass transport of penetrants in the polymer membrane. In the model, the group contribution method (the UNIFAC‐ZM model) is applied to calculate the activity of penetrants in the polymer membrane, and the free volume theory with some modifications is employed to describe the diffusion behaviour of the penetrants. The effects of operating temperature and feed concentration on pervaporation properties were investigated to validate the model. It has been shown that the results predicted by the solution–diffusion model are in good agreement with the experimental values.
Ultrasonic extraction of ferulic acid from Angelica sinensis
Authors: Quan Can , Sun Yongyue , Qu Jia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the extraction of ferulic acid, a pharmacologically active ingredient from the root of Angelica sinensis with ultrasonic extraction was investigated. Percolation and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were also employed to make comparisons with ultrasonic extraction. Three variables, which including the concentration of solvent, the ratio of solvent volume to sample (mL/g), and extraction time, were found to have great influence on ultrasonic extraction. The optimum extraction conditions were using pure ethanol with a ratio of solvent volume to sample 8:1 (mL/g) and extraction time of 30 min. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction yield could reach 6.5% mass fraction, which was higher than that of SFE process with ethanol as co‐solvent and nearly a content of ferulic acid 1.0%; both the yield and the content of ferulic acid were higher than those obtained by percolation. Moreover, the time of ultrasonic extraction was significantly shortened. Overall, Ultrasonic extraction was shown to be highly efficient in the extraction of ferulic acid from Angelica sinensis.
A general relation for identifying the liquid like and vapour like regions of supercritical fluids
Authors: Narasimhan N. Lakshmi , Venkatarathnam G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSupercritical fluids exhibit liquid like behaviour close to a reduced pressure and reduced temperature of 1.0. The density of a supercritical fluid in this region is similar to that of liquids. Many practical applications use the sharp change from liquid like properties to vapour like properties for a variety of uses. There is no correlation in the literature that gives the general locus of the region that separates vapour like and liquid like regions of super critical fluids. In this article, we present a generalized correlation based on the acentric factor, and calculations obtained using NIST REFPROP.
Development of polymer derived carbon coated monolith for liquid adsorption application by response surface methodology
Authors: Darmadi  , Choong Thomas S. Y. , Chuah T. G. , Yunus Robiah , Yap Y. H. Taufiq 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe preparation of polymer derived activated carbon coated monolith is reported. The response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design is used to find the optimal condition for synthesis of mesoporous carbon. The dominant parameters identified are the carbonization temperature, concentration, and molecular weight of pore former agent. Typical values for BET surface area are 341 m2/g carbon and 20 m2/g supported carbon with pores size distribution in the range of 4–400 nm. The highest pore volume obtained is 182.77 mm3/g supported carbon.
Mixed convection flow of non‐Newtonian fluid from a slotted vertical surface with uniform surface heat flux
Authors: Gorla Rama Subba Reddy , Chamkha Ali J. , Hossain Md. Anwar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the present paper, the combined convection flow of an Ostwald–de Waele type power‐law non‐Newtonian fluid past a vertical slotted surface has been investigated numerically. The boundary condition of uniform surface heat flux is considered. The equations governing the flow and the heat transfer are reduced to local non‐similarity form. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically using implicit finite difference method. Solutions for the heat transfer rate obtained for the rigid surface compare well with those documented in the published literature. From the present analysis, it is observed that, an increase in χ leads to increase in skin friction as well as reduction in heat transfer at the surface. As the power‐law index n increases, the friction factor as well as heat transfer increase.
Relationship between sound pressure and reaction rate in sonochemical reaction
Authors: Takuma Yasuhiko , Kato Shigeru , Kojima Toshinori 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRelationship between sound pressure in a sonochemical reactor and degradation rate of organic compounds, p‐chlorophenol and p‐nitrophenol, was investigated. Reaction rates were analyzed as first‐order reaction. As a result, linear relationship was shown for each compound. Slope indicating the first reaction rate constant was remarkably affected by the position of the reaction flask. The sound pressure profile was measured and the relationship between the averaged pressure in a flask and the rate constant was shown. The relation was found to be remarkably different between the two. The threshold values were observed as 67kPa for p‐chlorophenol and 22kPa for p‐nitrophenol, respectively. From these results, it was shown that nature of compounds affects the dependency on sound pressure.
Some notes on poisson limits for empirical point processes
Authors: Dabrowski André , Ivanoff Gail , Kulik Rafał 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe authors define the scaled empirical point process. They obtain the weak limit of these point processes through a novel use of a dimension‐free method based on the convergence of compensators of multiparameter martingales. The method extends previous results in several directions. They obtain limits at points where the density may be zero, but has regular variation. The joint limit of the empirical process evaluated at distinct points is given by independent Poisson processes. They provide applications both to nearest‐neighbour density estimation in high dimensions, and to the asymptotic behaviour of multivariate extremes such as those arising from bivariate normal copulas. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 347–360; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
Local linear fitting and improved estimation near peaks
Authors: Desmet Lieven , Gijbels Irène 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe authors look into the problem of estimating regression functions that exhibit jump irregularities in the first derivative. They investigate the behaviour of the bias in the local linear fit and show the superior performance of appropriate one‐sided versions of the local linear fit near such irregularities. They then propose an improved estimation procedure based on data‐driven selection of a conventional or one‐sided local linear fit according to a residual sum of squares type of criterion. The authors provide theoretical results and illustrate the method both on simulated and real‐life data examples. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 453–475; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
A phase 1 study of systemic ADH‐1 in combination with melphalan via isolated limb infusion in patients with locally advanced in‐transit malignant melanoma
Authors: Beasley Georgia M. , McMahon Nicole , Sanders Gretchen , Augustine Christina K. , Selim Maria A. , Peterson Bercedis , Norris Robin , Peters William P. , Ross Merrick I. , Tyler Douglas S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Isolated limb infusion with melphalan is a well‐tolerated treatment for patients with in‐transit extremity melanoma with an approximately 30% complete response (CR) rate. ADH‐1 is a cyclic pentapeptide that disrupts N‐cadherin adhesion complexes and when given systemically in a preclinical model of regional melphalan therapy demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity. A phase 1 dose escalation study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of systemic ADH‐1 in combination with melphalan via isolated limb infusion in patients with in‐transit extremity melanoma was performed.METHODS:Dose escalation cohorts of 3 patients each received 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg (10 patients) of ADH‐1 administered intravenously on Days 1 and 8 with standard dose melphalan via isolated limb infusion on Day 1. N‐cadherin immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed on pretreatment tumor. Response was defined at 3 months using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.RESULTS:Sixteen patients have been treated with no observed dose‐limiting toxicities. Common treatment‐related grade 1 or 2 toxicities included skin/dermatologic (n = 14) and pain (n = 12). Grade 3 toxicities included shortness of breath (n = 1), hypertension (n = 1), serologic toxicities (n = 4), and 1 grade 4 creatine phosphokinase elevation. In‐field responses included 8 CRs, 2 partial responses, 1 stable disease, and 5 progressive diseases. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated increasing ADH‐1 concentrations at each dose and minimal variability in melphalan drug levels.CONCLUSIONS:Systemic ADH‐1 at a dose of 4000 mg on Days 1 and 8 in combination with melphalan via isolated limb infusion is a well‐tolerated, novel targeted therapy approach to regionally advanced melanoma. The number of CRs exceeded expectations, suggesting that targeting N‐cadherin may be a new strategy for overcoming melanoma chemoresistance. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.