bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRECOCIOUS METAMORPHOSIS INDUCED BY PRECOCENES ON OXYCARENUS LAVATERAE
Authors: BELLÉS X. , BALDELLOU M. I. 
Published: April 2011

Induction of precocious metamorphosis in the bug Oxycarenus lavaterae by application of precocenes on third instar larvae is reported. Compounds used were precocene 1 (P1), precocene 2 (P2) and ethoxyprecocene 2 (EP2). EP2 proved to be the most active compound eliciting 100% of precocious adults at 10 μg dose; P1 was inactive at the doses tested and P2 was clearly less active than EP2. Precocious adults appeared at both fourth and fifth instars. Those of the fifth instar showed a high degree of uniformity and also more evident adultoid features, whereas precocious adults of the fourth instar exhibited a considerable variability and, in general, moderate adultoid characters.RÉSUMÉInduction anticipée de métamorphoses par des précocènes chez Oxycarenus lavateraeLes résultats concernent l'induction de métamorphoses anticipées sur l'hétéroptère Oxycarenus lavaterae (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae, Oxycareninae), après application de précocènes sur des larves du troisième stade.Le précocène 1, le précocène 2 et l'éthoxyprécocène 2 ont été utilisés. Les résultats de ces expériences montrent que l'éthoxyprécocène 2 est le plus actif: donnant un taux de 100% d'adultiformes à la dose de 10 μg par individu et étant encore actif à la dose de 1 μg (avec à peu près 30% d'adultiformes); le précocène 1 était inactif aux concentrations essayées; le précocène 2 était bien moins actif que l'éthoxyprécocène 2, étant inactif à une dose de 1 μg.Les adultiformes ont été obtenus au quatrième et au cinquième stades; à ce stade, ils montrent une remarquable uniformité morphologique et des caractères adultoides très évidents, tandis que ceux du quatrième stade sont très variables et, en général, montrent des caractères adultoïdes plus faibles.L'étude de l'influence du temps de présence au troisième stade sur l'acquisition de caractères adultoïdes chez les adultiformes du quatrième stade, a permis de démontrer que ces deux variables sont étroitement liées. On peut penser qu'une présence plus longue au stade de traitement permet une reprogrammation mieux définie de la mue suivante, se traduisant par une plus grande acquisition de caractères adultoïdes.
TESTS FOR EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE GENES IN ANOPHELES GAMBIAE ON FITNESS IN THE ABSENCE OF INSECTICIDES
Authors: EMEKA‐EJIOFOR S. A. I. , CURTIS C. F. , DAVIDSON G. 
Published: April 2011

Possible effects of insecticide resistance genes, or genes closely linked to them, on larval development time were investigated by crossing resistant and susceptible strains, rearing an F2 and testing the mosquitoes emerging on successive days with insecticide dosages which discriminate between different resistance genotypes. In the case of a semi‐dominant dieldrin resistance gene, insecticide mortality declined significantly on the later days of emergence indicating slower development of the resistants, and calculations from the results indicated an increase of about half a day in the mean development time of resistant homozygotes compared with susceptibles. No such effects were established for dominant dieldrin or DDT resistance genes. Studies of the mortality in dieldrin tests of 1st instar larvae derived from successive ovipositions by F2 females gave some evidence for differential survival or persistence of fecundity in resistant and susceptible females. However, comparison of the 1st instar tests with tests of the same generation reared through to young adults gave no evidence for significant differential survival of the aquatic stages. The magnitude of the effects found would be expected to lead only to mild pressures of natural selection.RÉSUMÉExpériences sur les effets des gènes de résistance aux insecticides sur l'adaptabilité d'Anopheles gambiae en absence d'insecticidesL'étude a porté sur les effets possibles de gènes de résistance aux insecticides — ou de gènes qui leur sont étroitement liés — en croisant des lignées résistantes et sensibles, en élevant des F2 et en soumettant les moustiques provenant d'émergences de plusieurs jours consécutifs à différentes doses d'insecticides pour distinguer différents génotypes résistants. Dans le cas d'un gène semi‐dominant de résistance à la dieldrine, la mortalité à l'insecticide diminue significativement les jours d'émergence les plus tardifs, ce qui indique un développement plus lent des individus résistants. Ces résultats ont permis de montrer une augmentation moyenne d'un demi‐jour de la durée de développement des homozygotes résistants par rapport aux sensibles. On n'a pas observé de tels effets pour les gènes dominants de résistance à la dieldrine ou au DDT. Les études sur la mortalité avec les tests à la dieldrine des larves de premier stade provenant des pontes successives des femelles de F2 laissent supposer une survie différentielle ou une persistance de la fécondité chez les femelles résistantes et sensibles. Cependant, la comparaison des essais au premier stade avec des essais sur la měme génération élevée jusqu'à l'adulte ne démontre pas une survie différentielle significative pendant les stades aquatiques. On devrait s'attendre d'après l'ampleur des effets observés à seulement de faibles pressions de la sélection naturelle.
THE EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD BY THE RED ANT, MYRMICA RUBRA
Authors: HAND LINDA , SMEETON NÉE 
Published: April 2011

The effect of photoperiod on the egg production of queens and their attendant workers, and on the egg production of workers in the absence of queens was investigated. The quantity and timing of egg production by queens and of that by their attendant workers was not affected by the daylength. Workers alone, however, consistently produced more eggs under daylengths of 16 hr and 24 hr of light per day than under 0 hr, and more under 0 hr than 8 hr. The results are compared with those of other authors on the same species and possible reasons for the differences in results are discussed.RÉSUMÉInfluence de la photopériode sur la production d'oeufs par la fourmi rouge, Myrmica rubraL'influence de la photopériode a été examinée sur la production d'oeufs d'un c&#x006f;&#x030c;té par les reines et leur escorte d'ouvrières, de l'autre par des ouvrières en absence de reines.La quantité et le rythme de production par les reines ou leur escorte d'ouvrières ne sont pas affectés par la longueur du jour. Les ouvrières seules, cependant, produisent nettement plus d'œufs avec des photophases de 16 h et 24 h par jour que de 0 h, et plus avec 0 h que 8 h.Les résultats sont comparés à ceux d'autres auteurs sur la měme espèce et les raisons plausibles de ces différences sont discutées.
SUITABILITY OF SELECTED LEGUMINOUS PLANTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MARUCA TESTULALIS LARVAE
Authors: JACKAI LOUIS E. N. , SINGH S. R. 
Published: April 2011

Flowers of eight plant species were evaluated under laboratory conditions for their suitability as larval growth media for the cowpea pod borer, Maruca testulalis. The plants tested were Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. misereniensis, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan and the principal host of the borer, Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), was included for comparison. Based on the data obtained on larval mortality and growth indices (GI) the plants were divided into 3 categories namely: I: Those causing 0–30% mortality and having GI value ≥ 60% form suitable host plants. This group only included V. unguiculata. — II: Those plant species causing 30 ≤ 50% larval mortality and having GI value 30% ≤ 60% of the principal host plant (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata). This group of species is marginally suitable as hosts. — III: Plants causing 50–100% larval mortality and having GI value ≤ 30% of principal host plant (C. retusa, C. juncea and C. misereniensis).Previously published data on the oviposition preference of the adult moth are discussed in the light of the present findings and the use of C. juncea as a possible trap crop.RÉSUMÉPossibilités de développement de Maruca testulalis sur differentes legumineusesLes possibilités de développement larvaire de Maruca testulalis sur les fleurs de huit espèces végétales ont été examinées en laboratoire. La comparaison a porté sur Crotalaria refusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. miseremensis, C. mucronata, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan et l'h&#x006f;&#x030c;te principal de cette chenille, Vigna unguiculata. En tenant compte de la mortalité larvaire et des indices de croissance (G.I.), ces plantes ont été divisées en trois catégories principales:1 celles provoquant une mortalité larvaire de 0–30% et ayant des G.I. ≥ 60%, constituent les plantes h&#x006f;&#x030c;tes convenables (Vigna unguiculata seule);2 les plantes qui provoquent une mortalité larvaire de 30 ≤ 50% et ont des G.I. de 30 à 60% de la plante h&#x006f;&#x030c;te principale (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata;3 les plantes qui causent 50–100% de mortalité larvaire et dont les G.I. sont inférieurs à 30% de la plante h&#x006f;&#x030c;te principale (Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. misereniensis).Les résultats déjà publiés sur les choix du lieu de ponte des femelles et l'utilisation de C. juncea comme plante piège, sont discutés à la lumière de ces données nouvelles.
Review article: How useful are laboratory investigations in the Emergency Department evaluation of possible osteomyelitis?
Authors: Harris Joseph C , Caesar Dave H , Davison Carol , Phibbs Rebecca , Than Martin P 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe conducted a literature review to determine which laboratory investigations are useful for the ED evaluation of osteomyelitis. Thirty‐six relevant papers were identified. We concluded that in adult and paediatric patients with a clinically low level of suspicion of osteomyelitis, an age‐adjusted normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) <5 mg/L should reassure the clinician that no further urgent investigation is required. For patients with risk factors for osteomyelitis or a clinically high level of suspicion, a normal ESR or CRP <5 mg/L should not rule out the diagnosis of osteomyelitis, especially in patients with puncture wounds or foot ulcers/infections. In patients with any suspicion of osteomyelitis and otherwise unexplained ESR >30 mm/h and/or CRP >10–30 mg/L further definitive investigation is required. The white blood count is not helpful in the evaluation of osteomyelitis.
Mechanism of Action and Limited Cross-Resistance of New Lipopeptide MX-2401
Authors: Rubinchik E. , Schneider T. , Elliott M. , Scott W. R. P. , Pan J. , Anklin C. , Yang H. , Dugourd D. , Müller A. , Gries K. , Straus S. K. , Sahl H. G. , Hancock R. E. W. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

MX-2401 is a semisynthetic calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotic (analogue of amphomycin) in preclinical development for the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections.
In vitro
and
in vivo
, MX-2401 demonstrates broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against Gram-positive organisms, including antibiotic-resistant strains. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of MX-2401 and compare it with that of the lipopeptide daptomycin. The results indicated that although both daptomycin and MX-2401 are in the structural class of Ca
2+
-dependent lipopeptide antibiotics, the latter has a different mechanism of action. Specifically, MX-2401 inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to the substrate undecaprenylphosphate (C
55
-P), the universal carbohydrate carrier involved in several biosynthetic pathways. This interaction resulted in inhibition, in a dose-dependent manner, of the biosynthesis of the cell wall precursors lipids I and II and the wall teichoic acid precursor lipid III, while daptomycin had no significant effect on these processes. MX-2401 induced very slow membrane depolarization that was observed only at high concentrations. Unlike daptomycin, membrane depolarization by MX-2401 did not correlate with its bactericidal activity and did not affect general membrane permeability. In contrast to daptomycin, MX-2401 had no effect on lipid flip-flop, calcein release, or membrane fusion with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-
sn
-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC)/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-
sn
-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (POPG) liposomes. MX-2401 adopts a more defined structure than daptomycin, presumably to facilitate interaction with C
55
-P. Mutants resistant to MX-2401 demonstrated low cross-resistance to other antibiotics. Overall, these results provided strong evidence that the mode of action of MX-2401 is unique and different from that of any of the approved antibiotics, including daptomycin.
Plasma and Intracellular Tenofovir Pharmacokinetics in the Neonate (ANRS 12109 Trial, Step 2)
Authors: Hirt Déborah , Ekouévi Didier K. , Pruvost Alain , Urien Saïk , Arrivé Elise , Blanche Stéphane , Avit Divine , Amani-Bosse Clarisse , Nyati Mandisa , Legote Shini , Ek Meng L. , Say Leakhena , McIntyre James , Dabis François , Tréluyer Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to investigate for the first time tenofovir (TFV) pharmacokinetics in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the neonate. HIV-1-infected pregnant women received two tablets of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF; 300 mg) and emtricitabine (FTC; 200 mg) at onset of labor and then one tablet daily for 7 days postpartum. A single dose of 13 mg/kg of body weight of TDF was administered to 36 neonates within 12 h of life after the HIV-1-infected mothers had been administered two tablets of TDF-emtricitabine at delivery. A total of 626 samples collected within the 2 days after the drug administration were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and analyzed by a population approach. In the neonate, the median TFV plasma area under the curve and minimal and maximal concentrations, respectively, were 3.73 mg/liter · h and 0.076 and 0.29 mg/liter. In PBMCs, TFV concentrations were detectable in all fetuses, whereas tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) was quantifiable in only two fetuses, suggesting a lag in appearance of TFV-DP. The median TFV-DP neonatal concentration was 146 fmol/10
6
cells (interquartile range [IQR], 53 to 430 fmol/10
6
cells); two neonates had very high TFV-DP concentrations (1,530 and 2963 fmol/10
6
cells). The 13-mg/kg TDF dose given to neonates produced plasma TFV and intracellular active TFV-DP concentrations similar to those in adults. This dose should be given immediately after birth to reduce the delay before the active compound TFV-DP appears in cells.
The Bordetella avium
BAV1965
-
1962
Fimbrial Locus Is Regulated by Temperature and Produces Fimbriae Involved in Adherence to Turkey Tracheal Tissue
Authors: Loker Stewart B. , Temple Louise M. , Preston Andrew 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Bordetella pertussis
,
Bordetella parapertussis
, and
Bordetella bronchiseptica
cause respiratory tract disease in mammals, whereas
Bordetella avium
causes respiratory tract disease in avian hosts. While there are striking similarities between the diseases caused by the mammalian- and avian-adapted bordetellae, differences at the genetic level may account for their different host tropisms. Bacterial pathogens utilize the chaperone-usher pathway to assemble extracellular multisubunit structures (fimbriae) that play a role in virulence. Fimbriae of the mammalian bordetellae mediate attachment to the host respiratory epithelium. They are assembled by a single chaperone/usher system encoded by the fimbrial biogenesis operon
fimA-D
.
B. avium
contains a homologous fimbrial operon (
BAV1965
-
1962
), and we report here the functionality of this locus. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and quantitative PCR analyses demonstrated that transcription of the locus is regulated by temperature. By immuno-transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BAV1965-containing fimbriae were observed on bacteria grown at 37°C but not those grown at 22°C. A mutant in which
BAV1965
-
1962
was deleted displayed significantly lower levels of adherence to turkey tracheal rings than the wild type. Thus, the
BAV1965
-
1962
fimbrial locus is functional, its expression is regulated in response to temperature, and it produces fimbriae involved in adherence to host respiratory tract tissue.
Tryptophan Prototrophy Contributes to Francisella tularensis Evasion of Gamma Interferon-Mediated Host Defense
Authors: Chu Ping , Rodriguez Annette R. , Arulanandam Bernard P. , Klose Karl E. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTFrancisella tularensisis able to survive and replicate within host macrophages, a trait that is associated with the high virulence of this bacterium. ThetrpABgenes encode the enzymes required for the final two steps in tryptophan biosynthesis, with TrpB being responsible for the conversion of indole to tryptophan. Consistent with this function, anF. tularensissubsp.novicidatrpBmutant is unable to grow in defined medium in the absence of tryptophan. ThetrpBmutant is also attenuated for virulence in a mouse pulmonary model of tularemia. However, thetrpBmutant remains virulent in gamma interferon receptor-deficient (IFN-γR−/−) mice, demonstrating that IFN-γ-mediated signaling contributes to clearance of thetrpBmutant. IFN-γ limits intracellular survival of thetrpBmutant within bone marrow-derived macrophages from wild-type but not IFN-γR−/−mice. AnF. tularensissubsp.tularensis trpBmutant is also attenuated for virulence in mice and survival within IFN-γ-treated macrophages, indicating that tryptophan prototrophy is also important in a human-virulentF. tularensissubspecies. These results demonstrate thattrpBcontributes toF. tularensisvirulence by enabling intracellular growth under IFN-γ-mediated tryptophan limitation.
Cooperative Role for Tetraspanins in Adhesin-Mediated Attachment of Bacterial Species to Human Epithelial Cells
Authors: Green Luke R. , Monk Peter N. , Partridge Lynda J. , Morris Paul , Gorringe Andrew R. , Read Robert C. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

The tetraspanins are a superfamily of transmembrane proteins with diverse functions and can form extended microdomains within the plasma membrane in conjunction with partner proteins, which probably includes receptors for bacterial adhesins.
Neisseria meningitidis
, the causative agent of meningococcal disease, attaches to host nasopharyngeal epithelial cells via type IV pili and opacity (Opa) proteins. We examined the role of tetraspanin function in
Neisseria meningitidis
adherence to epithelial cells. Tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD151 were expressed by HEC-1-B and DETROIT 562 cells. Coincubation of cells with antibodies against all three tetraspanin molecules used individually or in combination, with recombinant tetraspanin extracellular domains (EC2), or with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) significantly reduced adherence of
Neisseria meningitidis
. In contrast, recombinant CD81, a different tetraspanin, had no effect on meningococcal adherence. Antitetraspanin antibodies reduced the adherence to epithelial cells of
Neisseria meningitidis
strain derivatives expressing Opa and pili significantly more than isogenic strains lacking these determinants. Adherence to epithelial cells of strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Neisseria lactamica
,
Escherichia coli
, and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
was also reduced by pretreatment of cells with tetraspanin antibodies and recombinant proteins. These data suggest that tetraspanins are required for optimal function of epithelial adhesion platforms containing specific receptors for
Neisseria meningitidis
and potentially for multiple species of bacteria.
GLOBAL CLASSIFICATION OF A CLASS OF CUBIC VECTOR FIELDS WHOSE CANONICAL REGIONS ARE PERIOD ANNULI
Authors: CAUBERGH M. , LLIBRE J. , TORREGROSA J. 
Published: April 2011

We study cubic vector fields with inverse radial symmetry, i.e. of the form ẋ = δx - y + ax2+ bxy + cy2+ σ(dx - y)(x2+ y2), ẏ = x + δy + ex2+ fxy + gy2+ σ(x + dy) (x2+ y2), having a center at the origin and at infinity; we shortly call them cubic irs-systems. These systems are known to be Hamiltonian or reversible. Here we provide an improvement of the algorithm that characterizes these systems and we give a new normal form.Our main result is the systematic classification of the global phase portraits of the cubic Hamiltonian irs-systems respecting time (i.e. σ = 1) up to topological and diffeomorphic equivalence. In particular, there are 22 (resp. 14) topologically different global phase portraits for the Hamiltonian (resp. reversible Hamiltonian) irs-systems on the Poincaré disc.Finally we illustrate how to generalize our results to polynomial irs-systems of arbitrary degree. In particular, we study the bifurcation diagram of a 1-parameter subfamily of quintic Hamiltonian irs-systems. Moreover, we indicate how to construct a concrete reversible irs-system with a given configuration of singularities respecting their topological type and separatrix connections.
Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Topotecan into a PDGF-Driven Model of Glioblastoma Prolongs Survival and Ablates Both Tumor-Initiating Cells and Recruited Glial Progenitors
Authors: Lopez Kim A. , Tannenbaum Aaron M. , Assanah Marcela C. , Linskey Katy , Yun Jonathan , Kangarlu Alayar , Gil Orlando D. , Canoll Peter , Bruce Jeffrey N. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The contribution of microenvironment to tumor growth has important implications for optimizing chemotherapeutic response and understanding the biology of recurrent tumors. In this study, we tested the effects of locally administered topotecan on a rat model of glioblastoma that is induced by intracerebral injection of PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-IRES (internal ribosome entry site)-GFP (green fluorescent protein)–expressing retrovirus, treated the tumors by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of topotecan (136 μmol/L) for 1, 4, or 7 days, and then characterized the effects on both the retrovirus-transformed tumor cells (GFP+ cells) as well as the uninfected glial progenitor cells (GFP− cells) that are recruited to the tumor. Topotecan treatment reduced GFP+ cells about 10-fold and recruited progenitors by about 80-fold while providing a significant survival advantage that improved with greater treatment duration. Regions of glial progenitor ablation occurred corresponding to the anatomic distribution of topotecan as predicted by MRI of a surrogate tracer. Histopathologic changes in recurrent tumors point to a decrease in recruitment, most likely due to the chemotherapeutic ablation of the recruitable progenitor pool. Cancer Res; 71(11); 3963–71. ©2011 AACR.