bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing climate change impacts on river flows and environmental flow requirements at catchment scale
Authors: Gül Gülay Onuşluel , Rosbjerg, Dan , Gül Ali , Ondracek Maria , Dikgola Kobamelo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe fourth assessment report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests studies that increase the spatial resolution to solve the scale mismatch between large‐scale climatic models and the catchment scale while addressing climate change impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Impacts occur mostly at the local scale, though potential changes in the hydrological cycle and eco‐hydrological processes are more difficult to model and analyse at this level. The difficulty is even greater for studies on lowland river systems, which require the modelling of hydrological processes in greater detail. In this study, the regional impacts of climate change on river flow and environmental flow requirement, which is a negotiated trade‐off between water uses, are analysed for a lowland catchment in Denmark through MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 coupling. The coupled model possesses an important capacity for simulating stream flows and groundwater head levels in a dynamic system. Although the simulation results from different global circulation models (GCMs) indicate different responses in flows to the climate change, there are obvious deviations of the river flows and environmental flow potentials computed for all the scenario cases from the averages of the base period with current conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CBB staining protocol with higher sensitivity and mass spectrometric compatibility
Authors: Pink Mario , Verma Nisha , Rettenmeier Albert W. , Schmitz‐Spanke Simone 
Published: February 2010

AbstractVarious CBB‐based methods for staining proteins separated by 2‐D gel electrophoresis were compared with regard to sensitivity and resolution. A modified Kang's CBB staining protocol, which we have modified, includes phosphoric acid in a concentration of 8% instead of the original 2%. This proved to be the best approach. Protein amounts as low as 2 ng and ∼2300 spots in the gel can be detected by employing this protocol. The modified procedure takes less time to carry out. Moreover, this practice is more sensitive and resolves more protein spots than most protocols reported to date and is compatible with subsequent mass spectrometric analysis.
Economic determinants of default risks and their impacts on credit derivative pricing
Authors: Liao Szu‐Lang , Chang Jui‐Jane 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study constructs a credit derivative pricing model using economic fundamentals to evaluate CDX indices and quantify the relationship between credit conditions and the economic environment. Instead of selecting specific economic variables, numerous economic and financial variables have been condensed into a few explanatory factors to summarize the noisy economic system. The impacts on default intensity processes are then examined based on no‐arbitrage pricing constraints. The approximated results show that economic factors indicated credit problems even before the recent subprime mortgage crisis, and economic fundamentals strongly influenced credit conditions. Testing of out‐of‐sample data shows that credit evolution can be identified by dynamic explanatory factors. Consequently, the factor‐based pricing model can either facilitate the evaluation of default probabilities or manage default risks more effectively by quantifying the relationship between economic environment and credit conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Scan–rescan reliability of subcortical brain volumes derived from automated segmentation
Authors: Morey Rajendra A. , Selgrade Elizabeth S. , Wagner Henry Ryan , Huettel Scott A. , Wang Lihong , McCarthy Gregory 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLarge‐scale longitudinal studies of regional brain volume require reliable quantification using automated segmentation and labeling. However, repeated MR scanning of the same subject, even if using the same scanner and acquisition parameters, does not result in identical images due to small changes in image orientation, changes in prescan parameters, and magnetic field instability. These differences may lead to appreciable changes in estimates of volume for different structures. This study examined scan–rescan reliability of automated segmentation algorithms for measuring several subcortical regions, using both within‐day and across‐day comparison sessions in a group of 23 normal participants. We found that the reliability of volume measures including percent volume difference, percent volume overlap (Dice's coefficient), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), varied substantially across brain regions. Low reliability was observed in some structures such as the amygdala (ICC = 0.6), with higher reliability (ICC = 0.9) for other structures such as the thalamus and caudate. Patterns of reliability across regions were similar for automated segmentation with FSL/FIRST and FreeSurfer (longitudinal stream). Reliability was associated with the volume of the structure, the ratio of volume to surface area for the structure, the magnitude of the interscan interval, and the method of segmentation. Sample size estimates for detecting changes in brain volume for a range of likely effect sizes also differed by region. Thus, longitudinal research requires a careful analysis of sample size and choice of segmentation method combined with a consideration of the brain structure(s) of interest and the magnitude of the anticipated effects. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tactile shape discrimination recruits human lateral occipital complex during early perceptual processing
Authors: Lucan Joshua N. , Foxe John J. , Gomez‐Ramirez Manuel , Sathian K. , Molholm Sophie 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNeuroimaging studies investigating somatosensory‐based object recognition in humans have revealed activity in the lateral occipital complex, a cluster of regions primarily associated with visual object recognition. To date, determining whether this activity occurs during or subsequent to recognition per se, has been difficult to assess due to the low temporal resolution of the hemodynamic response. To more finely measure the timing of somatosensory object recognition processes we employed high density EEG using a modified version of a paradigm previously applied to neuroimaging experiments. Simple geometric shapes were presented to the right index finger of 10 participants while the ongoing EEG was measured time locked to the stimulus. In the condition of primary interest participants discriminated the shape of the stimulus. In the alternate condition they judged stimulus duration. Using traditional event‐related potential analysis techniques we found significantly greater amplitudes in the evoked potentials of the shape discrimination condition between 140 and 160 ms, a timeframe in which LOC mediated perceptual processes are believed to occur during visual object recognition. Scalp voltage topography and source analysis procedures indicated the lateral occipital complex as the likely source behind this effect. This finding supports a multisensory role for the lateral occipital complex during object recognition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of MMP‐9 in peribiliary fibrosis and cholangiocarcinogenesis via Rac1‐dependent DNA damage in a hamster model
Authors: Prakobwong Suksanti , Yongvanit Puangrat , Hiraku Yusuke , Pairojkul Chawalit , Sithithaworn Paiboon , Pinlaor Porntip , Pinlaor Somchai 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPeribiliary fibrosis caused by chronic infection with Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) is a risk factor of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in northeastern Thailand. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes capable of degrading and remodeling the extracellular matrix in the process of fibrosis and carcinogenesis. We examined MMPs expression and their role in fibrogenesis and cholangiocarcinogenesis in hamsters treated with OV and N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). We assessed the time profiles of MMPs, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Rac1, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and DNA lesions (8‐nitroguanine and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, 8‐oxodG) in relation to fibrosis and CCA development. Histopathology revealed OV and NDMA synergistically induced peribiliary fibrosis time‐dependently, and CCA occurred at 3 months, whereas OV or NDMA alone induced less fibrosis. Hydroxyproline levels in the liver and plasma were positively associated with the expression of collagen I and α‐SMA. MMP‐9 expression was significantly increased and correlated with the accumulation of myofibroblast, fibrosis levels and cholangiocarcinogenesis. MMP‐9 activity was correlated with iNOS, and immunocolocalization was observed in inflammed tissues, early and invasive CCA. OV and NDMA synergistically induced MMP‐9 expression in association to Rac1. In addition, Rac1 was colocalized with iNOS, and 8‐nitroguanine, in inflammed tissues and CCA. Formation of 8‐nitroguanine and 8‐oxodG increased with tumor progression. The results suggest that MMP‐9 expression is associated with the accumulation of peribiliary fibrosis in conjunction to the induction of iNOS and Rac1 that may potentiate DNA damage and cholangiocarcinogenesis.
Enrichment for STRO‐1 expression enhances the cardiovascular paracrine activity of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal cell populations
Authors: Psaltis P.J. , Paton S. , See F. , Arthur A. , Martin S. , Itescu S. , Worthley S.G. , Gronthos S. , Zannettino A.C.W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe cardiovascular therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) is largely mediated by paracrine effects. Traditional preparation of MSC has involved plastic adherence‐isolation. In contrast, prospective immunoselection aims to improve cell isolation by enriching for mesenchymal precursor cells (MPC) at higher purity. This study compared the biological characteristics and cardiovascular trophic activity of plastic adherence‐isolated MSC (PA‐MSC) and MPC prepared from the same human donors by immunoselection for stromal precursor antigen‐1 (STRO‐1). Compared to PA‐MSC, STRO‐1‐MPC displayed greater (1) clonogenicity, (2) proliferative capacity, (3) multilineage differentiation potential, and (4) mRNA expression of mesenchymal stem cell‐related transcripts. In vitro assays demonstrated that conditioned medium from STRO‐1‐MPC had greater paracrine activity than PA‐MSC, with respect to cardiac cell proliferation and migration and endothelial cell migration and tube formation. In keeping with this, STRO‐1‐MPC exhibited higher gene and protein expression of CXCL12 and HGF. Inhibition of these cytokines attenuated endothelial tube formation and cardiac cell proliferation, respectively. Paracrine responses were enhanced by using supernatant from STRO‐1Bright MPC and diminished with STRO‐1Dim conditioned medium. Together, these findings indicate that prospective isolation gives rise to mesenchymal progeny that maintain a higher proportion of immature precursor cells compared to traditional plastic adherence‐isolation. Enrichment for STRO‐1 is also accompanied by increased expression of cardiovascular‐relevant cytokines and enhanced trophic activity. Immunoselection thus provides a strategy for improving the cardiovascular reparative potential of mesenchymal cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 530–540, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shock tube study of 1,3,5‐triazine dissociation and relaxation and relaxation of pyrazine
Authors: Xu Hui , Kiefer John H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe three‐body dissociation of 1,3,5‐triazine (s‐triazine, s‐C3H3N3 → 3HCN) has been observed in incident shock waves with the laser‐schlieren technique. The experiments use 5% triazine/Kr and cover 1630–2350 K for 100–600 Torr. These experiments show dissociation rates with strong falloff and a slight but fully expected pressure dependence. The dissociation is without secondary reaction save for a possible, but rather unlikely, contribution from the isomerization HCN → HNC. Electronic structure calculations of the transition‐state properties (G3B3, HL1, Eo = 84.6 kcal/mol) are used to construct a Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) model whose fit to the rate measurements suggests a 〈ΔE〉down of 1200 cm−1. However, a seemingly better fit is achieved using the barrier of 81 kcal/mol proposed by Dyakov et al. (J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 9591–9599). With this barrier k∞ (s−1) = 5.3 × 1016 exp(−86.6(kcal/mol)/RT), and the fit now accepts the more routine 〈ΔE〉down = 126(T/298)0.9. It seems the dissociation most likely occurs by a direct, one‐step, “triple” dissociation to 3HCN, although the present experiments cannot rule out a multistep process. Vibrational relaxation of the triazine was also examined in 5% and 20% mixtures with Kr over 770–1500 K for pressures between 6 and 14 Torr. Relaxation is very fast, with a slight inverse temperature dependence, Pτ rising from 100 to 200 ns‐atm over the full temperature range. Integrated gradients are in good accord with calculated total changes in density, indicating a single exponential relaxation. A separate investigation of relaxation in the related molecule pyrazine (500–1300 K, in 1% and 5% in Kr, between 13 and 66 Torr) is included. Again relaxation is rapid, but here the temperature dependence seems more normal, the relaxation times decreasing slightly with temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 211–220, 2010
Morphology of Fluid Assisted Injection Molded Polycarbonate/Polyethylene Blends
Authors: Lin Kun‐Yeh , Liu Shih‐Jung 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study aims to examine the morphological development in fluid assisted injection molded high density polyethylene (HDPE)/polycarbonate (PC) blends. Samples for microscopic observation were prepared by an 80‐ton injection‐molding machine equipped with a tube cavity and with both gas and water injection units. It was observed that the shape and size of the dispersed phase depended on the position both across the part thickness and along the flow direction. Water molded parts with a smaller PC particle distribution than gas. Additionally, high fluid pressures were found to mold parts with a smaller PC particle distribution. For both gas and water assisted injection molding, small and large particles coexisted in the skin and subskin layers, indicating that both coalescence and breakup of the dispersed phase occurred in that layer.magnified image
Use of SELDI MS to discover and identify potential biomarkers of toxicity in InnoMed PredTox: A multi‐site, multi‐compound study
Authors: Collins Ben C. , Sposny Alexandra , McCarthy Diane , Brandenburg Arnd , Woodbury Ronald , Pennington Stephen R. , Gautier Jean‐Charles , Hewitt Phillip , Gallagher William M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA serious bottleneck in the drug development pipeline is the inability of current pre‐clinical toxicology evaluation methods to predict early on, and with good accuracy, that a drug candidate will have to be removed from development due to toxicology/safety issues. The InnoMed PredTox consortium attempted to address this issue by assessing the value of using molecular profiling techniques (proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabonomics), in combination with conventional toxicology measurements, on decision making earlier in pre‐clinical safety evaluation. In this study, we report on the SELDI‐TOF‐MS proteomics component of the InnoMed PredTox project. In this large scale, multi‐site, multi‐compound study, tissue and plasma samples from 14‐dayin vivorat experiments conducted for 16 hepato‐ and nephro‐toxicants with known toxicology endpoints (including 14 proprietary compounds and 2 reference compounds) were analyzed by SELDI‐TOF‐MS. We have identified seven plasma proteins and four liver proteins which were shown to be modulated by treatment, and correlated with histopathological evaluations and can be considered potential biomarker candidates for the given toxicology endpoints. In addition, we report on the intra‐ and inter‐site variations observed based on measurements from a reference sample, and steps that can be taken to minimize this variation.
Changing the phospholipid composition of Staphylococcus aureus causes distinct changes in membrane proteome and membrane‐sensory regulators
Authors: Sievers Susanne , M. Ernst Christoph , Geiger Tobias , Hecker Michael , Wolz Christiane , Becher Dörte , Peschel Andreas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe dynamic lipid composition of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes has a profound impact on vital bacterial fitness and susceptibility to membrane‐damaging agents, temperature, or osmotic stress. However, it has remained largely unknown how changes in lipid patterns affect the abundance and expression of membrane proteins. Using recently developed gel‐free proteomics technology, we explored the membrane proteome of the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus in the presence or absence of the cationic phospholipid lysyl‐phosphatidylglycerol (Lys‐PG). We were able to detect almost half of all theoretical integral membrane proteins and could reliably quantify more than 35% of them. It is worth noting that the deletion of the Lys‐PG synthase MprF did not lead to a massive alteration but a very distinct up‐ or down‐regulation of only 1.5 or 3.5% of the quantified proteins. Lys‐PG deficiency had no major impact on the abundance of lipid‐biosynthetic enzymes but significantly affected the amounts of the cell envelope stress‐sensing regulatory proteins such as SaeS and MsrR, and of the SaeS‐regulated proteins Sbi, Efb, and SaeP. These data indicate very critical interactions of membrane‐sensory proteins with phospholipids and they demonstrate the power of membrane proteomics for the characterization of bacterial physiology and pathogenicity.
Discussion on the 300 mK anomaly in YbRh2Si2
Authors: Custers J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe specific heat coefficient of YbRh2Si2 shows a sudden strong increase, the so‐called “upturn” at $T \approx 300\;{\rm mK}$ which also manifest itself in ac susceptibility and electrical resistivity. In mono‐isotopic 174YbRh2Si2 this upturn is absent.At first glance, this points to a nuclear contribution as origin of the anomaly. However, based on resistivity results also impurities might be held responsible for the exotic anomaly at 300 mK.
Erratum to ‘Lagrangian simulation of wind transport in the urban environment’
Authors: Wilson J. D. , Yee E. , Ek N. , d'Amours R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe above article was originally published on Early View on 28 July 2009, and subsequently in volume 135 (issue 643): 1586–1602; DOI:10.1002/qj.452. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Treatment of vector equations in deep‐atmosphere, semi‐Lagrangian models. II: Kinematic equation
Authors: Wood N. , White A. A. , Staniforth A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe rotation matrix formalism described in Part I of this study is here applied to the deep‐atmosphere form of the vector kinematic equation and the determination of semi‐Lagrangian ‘departure points’ (locations at the current time of fluid particles that arrive at model gridpoints at the forecast time). Following a brief review of published methods for determining departure points in models that incorporate the restrictive shallow‐atmosphere approximation, a certain discrete form of the kinematic equation is used to illustrate application of the rotation matrix technique in spherical coordinates in the deep‐atmosphere case. This discrete form–referred to as ‘doubly implicit’ –involves velocities at arrival gridpoints as well as at departure points but has several advantages over alternatives that involve velocities at a point or points along the intervening trajectory. A local Cartesian transformation method for finding departure points emerges from the rotation matrix approach applied in spherical polar coordinates. In spheroidal coordinates, a local transformation method also emerges, but the relevant Cartesian origins lie along the axis of symmetry of the spheroids rather than at their common centre. Modifications for the spherical polar case under the shallow‐atmosphere approximation are obtained by a constraint method; apart from order‐unity multiplicative factors, the resulting departure‐point equations are of the form expected given the shallow‐atmosphere momentum component equations found in Part I. © Crown Copyright 2010. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sacral Neuromodulation: Does It Affect the Rectoanal Angle in Patients with Fecal Incontinence?
Authors: Uludağ Ö. , Koch S. M. P. , Vliegen R. F. , Dejong C. H. C. , van Gemert W. G. , Baeten C. G. M. I. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundIn the past decade numerous studies have been published on the successful treatment of fecal incontinence with sacral neuromodulation (SNM). The underlying mechanism of action for lower bowel motility disorders has been unclear. In the present study, the effect of SNM on the rectoanal angle in patients with fecal incontinence was investigated.Patients and MethodsIn 12 consecutive patients who qualified for SNM an X‐defecography study was performed before SNM and at 6 months after permanent implant. Three single lateral rectal views were taken: one during rest, one during squeeze, and one during Valsalva’s maneuver, after which the patient was asked to evacuate as rapidly and completely as possible during lateral fluoroscopy. At 6 months two further defecography studies were performed, one during stimulation with the pacemaker on and one with the pacemaker off.ResultsThe defecography studies showed that the rectoanal angle decreased during rest, squeeze, and Valsalva’s maneuver. A slight increase in rectoanal angle was seen during defecation. However, the differences did not reach statistical significance. Sacral neuromodulation improved fecal continence significantly in all patients at 6 months. Median incontinence episodes per week decreased from 6.2 to 1.0 (P = 0.001), and incontinent days per week decreased from 3.7 to 1.0 (P = 0.001) with SNM. There were no significant changes in the median resting and squeeze anal canal pressures, 46.5 versus 49.7 mmHg and 67.1 versus 72.3 mmHg, respectively. Median stimulation amplitude at follow‐up was 2.7 V (range: 0.9–5.3 V).ConclusionsRectoanal angle did not decrease significantly in patients with fecal incontinence during SNM.
Management and clinical outcome of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: single institution experience
Authors: Budrukkar A , Agarwal J P , Kane S , Siddha M , Laskar S Ghosh , Pai P , Murthy V , Sengar M , D'Cruz A 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To study the outcome of patients with sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma treated at a single institution.Methods:We reviewed the medical records of 22 patients with histopathologically proven sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma diagnosed during the period 1993–2007. Treatment was completed in 16 patients.Results:Fourteen patients underwent surgery (six received craniofacial resection, four open surgery and four endoscopic resection); this was followed by radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy in 11 patients. Two patients received chemoradiation as the definitive treatment. At median follow up in surviving patients of 34 months (range one to 180 months), only five were controlled. Disease recurred in 11 patients, with a median time to recurrence of seven months. The two-year disease-free survival rate and the overall survival rate were 28 and 46 per cent, respectively.Conclusion:Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma appears to be an aggressive disease, with the majority of patients suffering locoregional failure. Multimodality treatment, in the form of a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, appears to be the optimal approach.