bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of polygenetic polymorphisms on the susceptibility to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease of Chinese people
Authors: Zhou Yong‐Jian , Li Yu‐Yuan , Nie Yu‐Qiang , Yang Hui , Zhan Qi , Huang Jian , Shi Sheng‐Li , Lai Xiao‐Bo , Huang Hong‐Li 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of polygenetic polymorphisms, which play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, on the susceptibility to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) of Chinese people.Methods:  The subjects were selected from an epidemiological survey in the Guangdong province of southern China. In each polymorphism study, 50–117 subjects who met the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD and had typical clinical and ultrasonographic findings were placed into the case group. Using a nested case–control design, the same numbers of matched people without NAFLD were included as controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at nine positions in seven candidate genes were tested. These SNP were found to be associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Genetic analyses were performed using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was applied to detect SNP.Results:  Most candidate genes' SNP were associated with susceptibility to NAFLD. Some showed positive relationships (increased risk): tumor necrosis factor‐α‐238, adiponectin‐45, leptin‐2548, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors‐161 and phosphatidyletha‐nolamine N‐methyltransferase‐175. Other SNP demonstrated a negative association (decreased risk): adiponectin‐276 and hepatic lipase‐514. Only two were not associated: tumor necrosis factor‐α‐380 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors‐γ co‐activator‐1α‐482.Conclusion:  Most candidate genes' SNP examined in metabolic syndrome patients were associated with susceptibility to NAFLD.
Salvage effect of E5564, Toll‐like receptor 4 antagonist on d‐galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute liver failure in rats
Authors: Kitazawa Toshiyuki , Tsujimoto Tatsuhiro , Kawaratani Hideto , Fukui Hiroshi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The transmembrane protein Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), which exists mainly in macrophages such as Kupffer cells of the liver, plays an important role in recognizing and mediating macrophage activation and pro‐inflammatory cytokine release. Activation of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine cascade, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), has a pivotal role in the progression of severe liver injury. D‐galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced liver injury in rats is an experimental model of fulminant hepatic failure, where TNF‐α plays a central role in the progression of liver injury. E5564, a synthetic analogue of the lipid A component of endotoxin, inhibits endotoxin‐stimulated inflammation and is under study for patients with sepsis. In the present study, we sought to explore the salvage effect of TLR4 antagonist E5564 on GalN+LPS‐induced acute liver failure (ALF) in rats.Methods:  ALF was induced in male Wistar rats by the intraperitoneal injection of GalN (500 mg/kg) and LPS (50 µg/kg). Immediately after GalN+LPS injection, rats were treated with intravenous injection of E5564 (3 mg/kg). The cumulative survival rates of GalN+LPS‐induced ALF rats were compared between those with and without E5564 treatment.Results:  The intravenous injection of E5564 reduced the elevation of serum total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and TNF‐α levels in rats at 3 h after GalN+LPS injection, and improved the survival rate of GalN+LPS‐induced ALF rats at 24 h (8% vs 43%).Conclusions:  TLR4 antagonist E5564 reduced GalN+LPS‐induced acute liver injury in rats and improved the overall survival rate of GalN+LPS‐induced ALF rats. It may contribute to the treatment of ALF through blocking endotoxin‐induced TNF‐α overproduction of macrophages.
Prevalence and risk of colorectal adenoma in asymptomatic Koreans aged 40–49 years undergoing screening colonoscopy
Authors: Chung Su Jin , Kim Young Sun , Yang Sun Young , Song Ji Hyun , Park Min Jung , Kim Joo Sung , Jung Hyun Chae , Song In Sung 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Colorectal cancer screening is recommended for average‐risk persons beginning at age 50. However, information about the incidence and risk factors of precursor adenoma in preceding decades is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of colorectal adenoma in persons aged 40–49 years and to compare the data with those aged 30–39 years and 50–59 years.Methods:  A cross‐sectional study of 5254 asymptomatic subjects who underwent screening colonoscopy was conducted. Data were stratified by age into three groups: 608 aged 30–39 years, 1930 aged 40–49 years, and 2716 aged 50–59 years.Results:  Prevalence of overall adenomas was 10.4% in the 30–39 years age group, 22.2% in the 40–49 years age group, and 32.8% in the 50–59 years age group. Advanced adenoma was found in 0.7% of the 30–39 years age group, 2.7% of the 40–49 years age group, and 4.1% of the 50–59 years age group. In the 40–49 years age group, male sex and current smoking habits showed associations with low‐risk adenoma after multiple adjustments. Moreover, male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–3.23), current smoking (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.06–3.50), and family history of colorectal cancer (OR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.16–5.56) were independent predictors of advanced adenoma in this age group.Conclusions:  Prevalence of adenoma in subjects aged 40–49 years was higher than in previous studies. Male sex and current smoking habits along with a family history of colorectal cancer were associated with advanced adenoma in this age group.
Genetic profiles in renal tumors
Authors: Lopez‐Beltran Antonio , Montironi Rodolfo , Egevad Lars , Caballero‐Vargas Maria T , Scarpelli Marina , Kirkali Ziya , Cheng Liang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma in adult comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable clinical outcomes, which ranges from indolent to aggressively malignant. The application of molecular genetics techniques to the study of renal neoplasms has resulted in improved classification of these entities and better understanding of biological mechanisms responsible for tumor development and progression. In the present article we review the molecular genetic profiles of different renal cell tumors and discuss their relevance to the carcinogenesis mechanisms and to the clinical diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. Understanding of the molecular genetics of renal tumors is beneficial in making accurate diagnoses, assessing prognoses, and selecting appropriate and targeted therapeutic options.
Two crossed axonal projections contribute to binaural unmasking of frequency‐following responses in rat inferior colliculus
Authors: Du Yi , Ma Tianfang , Wang Qian , Wu Xihong , Li Liang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFrequency‐following responses (FFRs) are sustained potentials based on phase‐locked neural activities elicited by low‐ to medium‐frequency periodical sound waveforms. Human brainstem FFRs, which are able to encode some critical acoustic features of speech, can be unmasked by binaural processing. However, the underlying unmasking mechanisms have not previously been reported. In rats, most neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) exhibit binaural responses which are affected by axonal projections from both the contralateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) and the contralateral IC. The present study investigated whether the contralateral DNLL and the contralateral IC modulate binaural unmasking of FFRs recorded in the rat IC. The results show that IC FFRs to the rat pain call (chatter) were enhanced by local injection of the excitatory glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (KYNA) into the contralateral DNLL but were reduced by KYNA injection into the contralateral IC. Introducing a disparity between the interaural time difference (ITD) of the FFR‐eliciting chatter and the ITD of the masking noise enhanced IC FFRs. Moreover, the ITD‐disparity‐induced FFR enhancement was weakened by injection of KYNA into either the contralateral DNLL or the contralateral IC when the ipsilateral chatter preceded the contralateral chatter. Thus, binaural hearing can improve IC FFRs against noise masking. More importantly, both inhibitory projections from the contralateral DNLL and excitatory projections from the contralateral IC modulate IC FFRs and play a role in forming binaural unmasking of IC FFRs.
15 years of continent urinary diversion and enterocystoplasty in children and adolescents: the Würzburg experience
Authors: Rubenwolf Peter C. , Beissert Antje , Gerharz Elmar W. , Riedmiller Hubertus 
Published: October 2009

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo assess the long‐term results of continent urinary diversion (CUD) and enterocystoplasty (ECP) in children with irreversible lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD).PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study included 44 children with irreversible LUTD who had a CUD or ECP between 1992 and 2007. Patients were followed for the functional outcome of surgery with a focus on complications related to the reservoir, bowel, uretero‐intestinal anastomosis and upper urinary tract. Data were collected prospectively and outcomes were evaluated using a standardized protocol.RESULTSThe median (range) follow‐up was 7.3  (3.5–17) years. Complete continence was achieved in 94% overall, i.e. in 95% of patients with continent cutaneous diversion, 83% with ECP and all children with continent anal diversion. Upper urinary tract and renal function remained stable in 89% and 95%, respectively. Surgical intervention was required for adhesive small bowel ileus in 6%, stoma‐related complications in 39%, ureteric stenosis in 8%, and stone formation in 19%. Of these complications, 54% required only minor interventions; 41% of patients needed prophylactic alkaline substitution. Bowel habits remained unchanged or improved in 68%.CONCLUSIONOur results show that CUD and ECP in children are effective procedures with acceptable long‐term complication rates. However, conclusions from our data might be limited, as this was a small study including highly selected patients treated at one tertiary academic centre. Being an audit of practice in our institution and given the variety of concepts, these results might differ from those centres using other approaches in the surgical treatment of LUTD. Importantly, this type of surgery should be restricted to carefully selected patients in whom all attempts of restoring the LUT failed.
Narrative skill in children with early unilateral brain injury: a possible limit to functional plasticity
Authors: Demir Özlem Ece , Levine Susan C. , Goldin‐Meadow Susan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChildren with pre‐ or perinatal brain injury (PL) exhibit marked plasticity for language learning. Previous work has focused mostly on the emergence of earlier‐developing skills, such as vocabulary and syntax. Here we ask whether this plasticity for earlier‐developing aspects of language extends to more complex, later‐developing language functions by examining the narrative production of children with PL. Using an elicitation technique that involves asking children to create stories de novo in response to a story stem, we collected narratives from 11 children with PL and 20 typically developing (TD) children. Narratives were analysed for length, diversity of the vocabulary used, use of complex syntax, complexity of the macro‐level narrative structure and use of narrative evaluation. Children’s language performance on vocabulary and syntax tasks outside the narrative context was also measured. Findings show that children with PL produced shorter stories, used less diverse vocabulary, produced structurally less complex stories at the macro‐level, and made fewer inferences regarding the cognitive states of the story characters. These differences in the narrative task emerged even though children with PL did not differ from TD children on vocabulary and syntax tasks outside the narrative context. Thus, findings suggest that there may be limitations to the plasticity for language functions displayed by children with PL, and that these limitations may be most apparent in complex, decontextualized language tasks such as narrative production.
Selective attention and attention switching: towards a unified developmental approach
Authors: Hanania Rima , Smith Linda B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe review and relate two literatures on the development of attention in children: one concerning flexible attention switching and the other concerning selective attention. The first is a growing literature on preschool children’s performances in an attention‐switching task indicating that children become more flexible in their attentional control during the preschool years. The second literature encompasses a large and robust set of phenomena for the same developmental period that indicates a protracted course of development for selective attention in children. We ask whether developmental changes in processes of selective attention may contribute to more flexible attention switching. We consider the two sets of phenomena with respect to this question and propose an empirical agenda for their joint study that may lead ultimately to a unified account of the development of selective attention and attention switching.
Individual differences in language development: relationship with motor skill at 21 months
Authors: Alcock Katherine J. , Krawczyk Kirsty 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLanguage development has long been associated with motor development, particularly manual gesture. We examined a variety of motor abilities – manual gesture including symbolic, meaningless and sequential memory, oral motor control, gross and fine motor control – in 129 children aged 21 months. Language abilities were assessed and cognitive and socio‐economic measures controlled for. Oral motor control was strongly associated with language production (vocabulary and sentence complexity), with some contribution from symbolic abilities. Language comprehension, however, was associated with cognitive and socio‐economic measures. We conclude that symbolic, working memory, and mirror neuron accounts of language–motor control links are limited, but that a common neural and motor substrate for nonverbal and verbal oral movements may drive the motor–language association.
On the Dynamics of Basic Growth Models: Ratio Stability vs. Convergence and Divergence in State Space
Authors: Pampel Thorsten 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We show for a class of basic growth models that convergence in ratios does not imply the pathwise convergence to the corresponding balanced growth path in the state space. We derive conditions on parameters and on the elasticity of the savings function for convergence or divergence and apply our results to the Solow model, an augmented Solow model as well as to an optimal growth model. An implication for the convergence debate is that two economies that differ only in the initial capital stock and converge in per capita terms might diverge to infinity in absolute terms.
Extracting Resource Deposits of Unknown Size: Optimal Order
Authors: Kemp Murray C. , Van Long Ngo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe optimal order of extracting resource deposits of unknown size depends on the informational characteristics of the extraction process. This paper fills the gap between two strands of literature. The first strand is about the optimal extraction of single reserve under stock-size uncertainty. The second strand is about the optimal order of extraction of deposits of known sizes. Our emphasis on the premium for resolution of uncertainty complements Solow and Wan’s shadow surcharge when extraction moves from a low-cost deposit to a high-cost one.
La dimension internationale des politiques urbaines dans le Tiers Monde
Authors: Coing Henri 
Published: October 2009

Urban policics in dweloping countries are subject to both internal and external determinants. As elsrwhere, internal determinants, social relations and conflicts evolve over urbun space. external determinants are not only related to the general mechanisms of dependency, but also to specific modes of intervention by European and North American countries: such as consultancy firms producing urban studies and plans, lateral cooperative organisms, international institutions, suppliers of key materials for urbanization (cars. buses, pipes), training centres for planners and other technicians, etc. All urban policies in the Third World have this international dimension.It has been said that urban sociology has become the sociology of urban policies. In this case, urban sociology of the Third World has become that of the sociology of urban po1icies in their international dimensions, and it can only be done by examining each end of the chain, each side of the system of relations. Neither side can be studied without the. other in understanding and analysing the phenomenon which links them. The urban sociology of the Third World could provide the opportunity to reconsider from new points or departure, the relations between European or North American roeiologists on the anc hand, and Latin American or African sociologists on the other.
The ‘Bóias‐Frias’:rural proletarization and urban marginality in Brazil
Authors: Goodman David , Redclift Michael 
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:D'Incao e Mello, M. C. 1976: O ‘Bóia‐Fria’Singer, P.Martinez‐Alier, V. 1975: As mulheres do caminhao de turma, Debate e CriticaStein, L. 1973: Gatos e ‘Bóias‐Frias’Gonzales, E. N. and Bastos, M. I.Gomes da Silva, J. and G. da Silva Rodrigues, V. L.Piazzolli, C. 1976: O ‘Bóia‐Fria’‐acumulaçào e miséria
The restructuring of industrial space
Authors: Dunford M. F. 
Published: October 2009

Castells, M. 1975: Sociologie de l'espace industrielGendarme, R. 1976: L'analyse économique régionaleHolland, S. 1976: Capital versus the regionsHolland, S. 1976: The regional problemKeeble, D. 1976: Industrial location and planning in the United Kingdom
Rapports de propriété, ségrégation et pratiques de l'espace résidentiel
Authors: Godard Francis , Pendariès Jean‐René 
Published: October 2009

The aim of the authors is the theoretical reformulation of the question of segregation. In order to do this, they examine in turn psycho‐sociological theories, morphological and semiological theories as well as theories of residential location.The authors show how all of these approaches can only define classificatory processes and propose an analysis beginning from those social relations which structure residential consumption; that is, relations of property in housing.Starting from a definition of segregation as a process of exclusive practices of residential space, the authors show how relations of residential property determine two types of segregation: one ‘by antagonism’, based on the valorization of property capital, and one ‘by incongruence’ based on conditions of real appropriation of housing.
Women, urban social movements and the lesbian ghetto
Authors: Ettorre E. M. 
Published: October 2009

Le but de cette étude ect d'éclairer sous un autre jour la position des femmes en sociologie urbaine. Cette discussion va illustrer les directions dont on a tiré les analyses précédentes et l'effet qui s'ensuit sur la sociologie urbaine vis‐à‐vis des femmes.Tout d'abord, la présentation s'attache principalement à l'articulation de la politique des femmes au sein de l'expérience urbaine. Un exemple de ce développemcnt est l'émergence du mouvement de libération de la femme. On soutient que ce domaine constitue un sujet d'enquête valable en sociologie urbaine. De ce fait, des phénomènes liés à sa progression en tant que force sociale seront discutés. Finalement, l'étude d'un cas, (le ghetto lesbien) dans un contexte urbain précis, sera inclus.
History, politics and the local state
Authors: Harloe Michael 
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:Cockburn, C. 1977: The local state. Management of cities and people.Hennock, E. P. 1973: Fit and proper persons. Ideal and realrty in nineteenth century government.Newton, K. 1976: Second city politics. Democratic processes and decision‐making in Birmingham.
Book review essays
Authors: Kesselman Mark 
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:Regionalism and monopoly capitalism: a new approach to the study of local power: Dulong, R. 1978: Les régions, l'état et la société locale. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Regionalism and monopoly capitalism: a new approach to the study of local power: Logroye, J. Wright, V. editors 1979: Local government in Britain and France: problems and prospects (LGBF).Regionalism and monopoly capitalism: a new approach to the study of local power: Tarrow, S., Katzenstein, P. and Graziano, L. editors 1978: Territorial politics in industrial nations (TPIN).Regionalism and monopoly capitalism: a new approach to the study of local power: Lojkine, J. 1977: Big firms' strategies, urban policies and urban social movements (1975). In Harloe, M., editor, Captive cities.
Book review essay
Authors: Kraushaar Robert 
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:The misguided rise of regionalism: Bluestone, B. and Harrison, B. 1980: Capital and communities: the causes and consequences of private disinvestment.The misguided rise of regionalism: Goodman, R. 1979: The last entrepreneurs: America's regional wars for jobs and dollars.The misguided rise of regionalism: Rifkin, J. and Barber, R. 1978: The north will rise again: pensions, politics and power in the 1980s.
Book Review Essays
Authors: Marcuse Peter 
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:Building housing theory: notes on some recent work: Headey, B.Building housing theory: notes on some recent work: Political Economy of Housing Workshop of the Conference of Socialist Economists.Building housing theory: notes on some recent work: Pugh, C.Building housing theory: notes on some recent work: Foster, J.Building housing theory: notes on some recent work: Marcuse, P.
Book Review Essay
Authors: Redclift Michael 
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:Internationalism and the European Green Movement: Bahro, R.Internationalism and the European Green Movement: Capra, F. and Spretnak, C.Internationalism and the European Green Movement: Lowe, P. and Goyder, J.Internationalism and the European Green Movement: Vitale, L.
Poverty, Material Hardship, and Depression*
Authors: Heflin Colleen M. , Iceland John 
Published: October 2009

Objective. Mental health disorders are of great social, economic, and policy concern. A higher incidence of major depressive disorder has been reported among women living in or near poverty. Our study examines the extent to which the relationship between income and depression is mediated by measures of material hardship.Methods. We use measures of depression at two points in time from the longitudinal Fragile Families Survey to better discern the causal direction of the relationship between income poverty, hardship, and depression. More specifically, we use conditional logistic fixed‐effect models that control for time‐invariant unmeasured heterogeneity in the sample.Results. We found a strong relationship between hardships and depression. The most prominent hardships were problems paying bills and phone turned off. We also found that hardship helped mediate much, though not all, of the link between poverty and depression in the conditional fixed‐effects logistic regression models.Conclusion. Our policy simulations suggest that public health efforts to reduce depression may be enhanced from efforts that focus on specific forms of material hardship.