bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep temporal semi-supervised one-class classification for GNSS radio frequency interference detection
Authors: Ivanov Viktor , Scaramuzza Maurizio , Wilson Richard. C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a deep learning approach for near real-time detection of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio frequency interference (RFI) based on a large amount of aircraft data collected onboard from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS). Our approach enables detection of GNSS RFI in the absence of total GPS failure, i.e. while the receiver is still able to estimate a position, which means RFI sources with low power or at larger distance can be detected. We demonstrate how deep one-class classification can be used to detect GNSS RFI. Furthermore, thanks to a unique dataset from the Swiss Air Force and Swiss Air-Rescue (Rega), preprocessed by Swiss Air Navigation Services Ltd. (Skyguide), we demonstrate application of deep learning for GNSS RFI detection on real-world large scale aircraft data containing flight recordings impacted by real jamming. The approach we present is highly general and can be used as a foundation for solving various automated decision-making problems based on different types of Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) and Air Traffic Management (ATM) streaming data. The experimental results indicate that our system successfully detects GNSS RFI with 83

$\,\cdot\,$

5% accuracy. Extensive empirical studies demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms strong machine learning and rule-based baselines.
Target-site mechanism confers resistance pattern of ACCase inhibitors in bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis) from California
Authors: Unan Rasim , Becerra-Alvarez Aaron , Al-Khatib Kassim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Bearded sprangletop is a problematic native grass weed in California’s rice fields. The widespread and extensive use of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)–inhibiting herbicides, such as cyhalofop-p-butyl (cyhalofop), has led to speculation that biotypes of bearded sprangletop have developed herbicide resistance to ACCase. The aim of this study was to evaluate suspected resistant bearded sprangletop biotypes, R1, R2, R3, and the susceptible biotype, S1, in terms of their levels of resistance to three ACCase-inhibiting herbicides and to characterize the molecular mechanisms of resistance. Dose–response experiments suggested that the biotype R1, R2, and R3 had high-level resistance to cyhalofop and to quizalofop-p-ethyl (quizalofop), but not clethodim. The study determined that the resistance to ACCase inhibitors was a target-site mechanism resulting from nucleotide substitution. The carboxyl transferase (CT) domain of the ACCase gene’s sequence analysis revealed the substitutions Trp-2027-Cys for R1 and R2 biotypes and Ile-2041-Asn for the R3 biotype. This study revealed the presence of target-site resistance to cyhalofop and quizalofop in at least two mutation points in representative biotypes of bearded sprangletop in California. This research highlights the significance of careful herbicide selection due to weed species responding quite rapidly to selection pressure, so as to aid in managing bearded sprangletop in rice fields.
What Controls Early Restraining Bend Growth? Structural, Morphometric, and Numerical Modeling Analyses From the Eastern California Shear Zone
Authors: Garvue Max M. , Spotila James A. , Cooke Michele L. , Curtiss Elizabeth R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRestraining bends influence topography, strike‐slip evolution, and earthquake rupture dynamics, however the specific factors governing their geometry and development in the crust are not well established. These relationships are challenging to investigate in field examples due to cannibalization and erosion of earlier structures with cumulative strain. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the structure, morphology, and kinematics of 22 basement‐cored restraining bends on low net‐slip faults (<10 km) within the southern Eastern California shear zone (SECSZ) via mapping, topographic analyses, and 3D numerical modeling. The bends are self‐similar in form with most exhibiting focused relief between high‐angle bounding faults with an arrowhead shape in map view and a “whaleback” longitudinal profile. Slight changes in that form occur with increasing size indicating predictable growth that appears to be primarily controlled by local fault geometries (i.e., bifurcation angle), rather than the influence of fault obliquity relative to far‐field plate motion, due to inefficient slip‐transfer across interconnected irregularly trending closely spaced faults. Modeling results indicate that the self‐similar fault‐bound geometry of SECSZ restraining bends may arise from elevated shear strain at the outer corners of single transpressional fault bends with increasing cumulative slip. This, in turn, promotes growth of a new fault leading to efficient accommodation of local convergent strain via uplift between bounding faults. Finally, our results indicate that the kilometer‐scale restraining bends contribute minimally to regional contraction as they only penetrate the upper third of the seismogenic crust and are therefore also unlikely to impede large earthquake surface ruptures.
Nitrogen Assimilation and Nitrification in Surface Waters of the Amazon and Pará Estuaries
Authors: Choisnard N. , Umbricht J. , Araujo M. , Böttcher M. E. , Burmeister C. , Liskow I. , Schmiedinger I. , Voss M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnder increasing anthropogenic impacts, the hydrology, weathering, turbidity, and biogeochemistry of the Amazon and Pará river catchments are changing, potentially affecting the concentration and speciation of nitrogen (N) entering the estuary, as well as the subsequent primary productivity. Primary production and several N‐cycling rates have been studied in the northern river plume, and new studies focusing on specific processes in the river mouth emerged. Yet, a general overview is still lacking. For the first time, we provide an overview of primary production along with nitrification, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), and amino acid uptake rates in the Amazon and Pará river mouths which exhibit different degrees of catchment land use. Our results indicate that the Amazon supplies tenfold more NH4+ and NO3−, and its nitrification rates are four times higher than in the Pará River. The stable isotope composition of ambient water and NO3− confirmed that nitrification is a dominant pathway, with fluxes reaching 8.5 × 108 mol N d−1 in the Amazon. Nutrients are transported to regions with reduced turbidity and little nitrification, facilitating NH4+ (0.2–2.4 × 108 mol N d−1) and carbon uptake (4.6 and 14.0 × 108 mol C d−1 in the Pará and the Amazon, respectively) by phytoplankton. The lower N‐cycling rates measured in the Pará relative to the Amazon River mouth likely originate from differences in river discharge and watershed characteristics.
The ion channel TRPA1 is a modulator of the cocaine reward circuit in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Kim Young-Jung , Choi Su Jeong , Hong Sa-Ik , Park Jung-Cheol , Lee Youyoung , Ma Shi-Xun , Hur Kwang-Hyun , Lee Young , Kim Kyeong-Man , Kim Hyung Kyu , Kim Hee Young , Lee Seok-Yong , Choi Se-Young , Jang Choon-Gon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrug addiction therapies commonly fail because continued drug use promotes the release of excessive and pleasurable dopamine levels. Because the connection between pleasure and drug use becomes hard-wired in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which interfaces motivation, effective therapies need to modulate this mesolimbic reward system. Here, we report that mice with knockdown of the cation channel TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1) were resistant to the drug-seeking behavior and reward effects of cocaine compared to their wildtype litter mates. In our study, we demonstrate that TRPA1 inhibition in the NAc reduces cocaine activity and dopamine release, and conversely, that TRPA1 is critical for cocaine-induced synaptic strength in dopamine receptor 1-expressing medium spiny neurons. Taken together, our data support that cocaine-induced reward-related behavior and synaptic release of dopamine in the NAc are controlled by TRPA1 and suggest that TRPA1 has therapeutic potential as a target for drug misuse therapies.
Maternal behaviours disrupted by Gprasp2 deletion modulate neurodevelopmental trajectory in progeny
Authors: Pereira Marta I. , Laranjo Mariana , Gomes Marcos , Edfawy Mohamed , Peça João 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are known to present sex-specific differences. At the same time, understanding how maternal behaviours are affected by pathogenic mutations is crucial to translate research efforts since rearing may recursively modulate neurodevelopment phenotype of the progeny. In this work, we focused on the effects of Gprasp2 deletion in females and its impact in progeny care and development. Female mice, wild-type (WT), Gprasp2+/− (HET) or Gprasp2−/− (KO) mutants and their progeny were used and behavioural paradigms targeting anxiety, memory, maternal care, and other social behaviours were performed. Analysis of communication was carried out through daily recordings of ultrasonic vocalizations in isolated pups and cross-fostering experiments were performed to understand the effect of maternal genotype in pup development. We found that Gprasp2−/− females presented striking impairments in social and working memory. Females also showed disruptions in maternal care, as well as physiological and molecular alterations in the reproductive system and hypothalamus, such as the structure of the mammary gland and the expression levels of oxytocin receptor (OxtR) in nulliparous versus primiparous females. We observed alterations in pup communication, particularly a reduced number of calls in Gprasp2 KO pups, which resulted from an interaction effect of the dam and pup genotype. Cross-fostering mutant pups with wild-type dams rescued some of the early defects shown in vocalizations, however, this effect was not bidirectional, as rearing WT pups with Gprasp2−/− dams was not sufficient to induce significant phenotypical alterations. Our results suggest Gprasp2 mutations perturb social and working memory in a sex-independent manner, but impact female-specific behaviours towards progeny care, female physiology, and gene expression. These changes in mutant dams contribute to a disruption in early stages of progeny development. More generally, our results highlight the need to better understand GxE interactions in the context of ASDs, when female behaviour may present a contributing factor in postnatal neurodevelopmental trajectory.
Tuning the band gap, optical, mechanical, and electrical features of a bio-blend by Cr2O3/V2O5 nanofillers for optoelectronics and energy applications
Authors: Alanazi Tarek I. , Alenazi Raghad A. , El Sayed Adel M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work presents a facile approach for controlling the optical and electrical parameters of a biopolymeric matrix for optoelectronics. Vanadium oxide (V2O5) and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and incorporated into the carboxymethylcellulose/polyethylene glycol (CMC/PEG) blend by simple chemical techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that V2O5 and Cr2O3 exhibited spherical shapes with sizes in the range of 40–50 nm and 10–20 nm, respectively. In addition, the blend's degree of crystallinity was sensitive to the V2O5 and Cr2O3 doping ratios. The scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and the elemental chemical analysis (EDAX) used to study the filler distribution inside the blend, and confirmed the existence of both V and Cr in the matrix. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the dopants significantly affected the blend reactive (C–O–C, OH, and C=O) groups. The stress–strain curves illustrated the reinforcing effect of the dopants up to 1.0 $$\text{wt\%}$$
wt\%
Cr2O3/V. The transmittance and absorption index spectra in the visible-IR wavelengths decreased with increasing filler content. Utilizing Tauc's relation and (optical) dielectric loss, the direct (indirect) band gap narrowed from 5.6 (4.5) eV to 4.7 (3.05) eV at 1.0 $$\text{wt\%}$$
wt\%
Cr2O3/V. All films have an index of refraction in the range of 1.93–2.17. AC conductivity was improved with increasing filler content and temperature. The energy density at 50 °C is in the range of 1–3 J/m3. The influence of V2O5 and Cr2O3 content on the optical conductivity, dielectric constant, loss, and dielectric modulus of CMC/PEG was reported. These enhancements in electrical and optical properties, along with the potential for band gap engineering, offer promising prospects for advanced applications in optoelectronics and energy-related fields.
Spatial diversity of atmospheric moisture transport and climate teleconnections over Indian subcontinent at different timescales
Authors: Raghuvanshi Akash Singh , Agarwal Ankit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRegional weather and climate are generally impacted by global climatic phenomenon′s. Understanding the impact of global climate phenomenon′s on an atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle is crucial to make advances in skillful precipitation forecast. The present study adopts a multiscale approach based on wavelets for unravelling the linkages between teleconnections and atmospheric moisture transport over homogeneous regions of Indian sub-continent. We investigated linkages between atmospheric moisture transport quantified as monthly integrated water vapor transport (IVT) during 1951–2022 over selected homogeneous regions and eight large scale climate oscillations using wavelet and global wavelet coherence. Our results indicate significant heterogeneity in linkages across different regions and across multiple timescales. In particular, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) influence monthly IVT at intra-annual to inter-annual scale over all regions. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have strong connection to monthly IVT at inter-annual scale whereas over west central region both IOD and ENSO strongly influence IVT at inter-decadal scale. While the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation have an impact on IVT in the north-east and southern regions, the Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic oscillation have a strong inter-annual connection to IVT, majorly in the northwest and hilly regions. Overall, the methodology offers an effective approach for capturing the dynamics of atmospheric moisture transport in time–frequency space and provide a practical reference for prediction of atmospheric moisture transport linked precipitation over different regions of Indian subcontinent.
Bioconversion of cow manure through vermicomposting: effects of tylosin concentration on the weight of worms and manure quality
Authors: Ghandehari Yazdi Farnaz , Mokhtari Mehdi , Nabi Meibodi Mohsen , Sefidkar Reyhane , Hatami Behnam , Molavi Fereshteh , Ghafourzadeh Mahin , Golshiri Ahmad , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigated batch-fed vermicomposting of cow manure, with a specific focus on assessing the effects of tylosin on the weight of earthworms and the overall quality of the resulting manure. Five reactors, including three concentrations of tylosin (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) and two control reactors, were employed. Residual tylosin concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quality parameters such as pH, temperature, volatile solids (VS), organic carbon content (OCC), electrical conductivity (EC), ash content, C/N ratio, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and microbial content were evaluated. The toxicity and maturity of vermicompost were assessed by determining the germination index (GI). The study also monitored variations in the earthworm’s weight. The results demonstrated a decreasing trend in VS, OCC, C/N, and fecal coliforms, along with increased pH, EC, ash content, and TKN during the vermicomposting process. Furthermore, investigations revealed significant reductions in the reactors with tylosin concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, resulting in the removal of 98%, 90.48%, and 89.38% of the initial tylosin, respectively. This result confirms the faster removal of tylosin in reactors with lower concentrations. Degradation of tylosin also conforms to first-order kinetics. The findings showed a significant influence of tylosin on the weight of Eisenia fetida earthworms and the lowest antibiotic concentration led to the highest weight gain. Finally, the high percentage of germination index (90–100%) showed that the quality and maturity of vermicompost is by national and international standards.
Comprehensive expression analysis of hormone-like substances in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus
Authors: Suzuki Miwa , Funasaka Noriko , Yoshimura Kazuma , Inamori Daiki , Watanabe Yurie , Ozaki Miki , Hosono Masayuki , Shindo Hideaki , Kawamura Keiko , Tatsukawa Toshiyuki , Yoshioka Motoi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMarine mammals possess a specific subcutaneous fat layer called blubber that not only insulates and stores energy but also secretes bioactive substances. However, our understanding of its role as a secretory organ in cetaceans is incomplete. To exhaustively explore the hormone-like substances produced in dolphin subcutaneous adipose tissue, we performed seasonal blubber biopsies from captive female common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus; N = 8, n = 32) and analyzed gene expression via transcriptomics. Analysis of 186 hormone-like substances revealed the expression of 58 substances involved in regulating energy metabolism, tissue growth/differentiation, vascular regulation, immunity, and ion/mineral homeostasis. Adiponectin was the most abundantly expressed gene, followed by angiopoietin protein like 4 and insulin-like growth factor 2. To investigate the endocrine/secretory responses of subcutaneous adipose tissue to the surrounding temperature, we subsequently compared the mean expression levels of the genes during the colder and warmer seasons. In the colder season, molecules associated with appetite suppression, vasodilation, and tissue proliferation were relatively highly expressed. In contrast, warmer seasons enhanced the expression of substances involved in tissue remodeling, immunity, metabolism, and vasoconstriction. These findings suggest that dolphin blubber may function as an active secretory organ involved in the regulation of metabolism, appetite, and tissue reorganization in response to changes in the surrounding environment, providing a basis for elucidating the function of hormone-like substances in group-specific evolved subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Predicting mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement using preprocedural CT
Authors: Brüggemann David , Kuzo Nazar , Anwer Shehab , Kebernik Julia , Eberhard Matthias , Alkadhi Hatem , Tanner Felix C. , Konukoglu Ender 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a widely used intervention for patients with severe aortic stenosis. Identifying high-risk patients is crucial due to potential postprocedural complications. Currently, this involves manual clinical assessment and time-consuming radiological assessment of preprocedural computed tomography (CT) images by an expert radiologist. In this study, we introduce a probabilistic model that predicts post-TAVR mortality automatically using unprocessed, preprocedural CT and 25 baseline patient characteristics. The model utilizes CT volumes by automatically localizing and extracting a region of interest around the aortic root and ascending aorta. It then extracts task-specific features with a 3D deep neural network and integrates them with patient characteristics to perform outcome prediction. As missing measurements or even missing CT images are common in TAVR planning, the proposed model is designed with a probabilistic structure to allow for marginalization over such missing information. Our model demonstrates an AUROC of 0.725 for predicting all-cause mortality during postprocedure follow-up on a cohort of 1449 TAVR patients. This performance is on par with what can be achieved with lengthy radiological assessments performed by experts. Thus, these findings underscore the potential of the proposed model in automatically analyzing CT volumes and integrating them with patient characteristics for predicting mortality after TAVR.
The effect of duration between sessions on microperimetric biofeedback training in patients with maculopathies
Authors: Zhou Jie , Hou Jintong , Li Shengnan , Zhang Jinglin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAim of this study was to explore the optimal training interval and times of microperimetric biofeedback training (MBFT) in maculopathies. Twenty-nine patients with maculopathies were divided into two groups: daily training (Group A) or alternate daily training (Group B). Both groups underwent 15 MBFT sessions. We compared the BCVA, reading speed, and fixation stability at baseline, after 5, 10, 15 sessions. After 15 sessions of MBFT, all visual parameters in both groups improved. There was a significant increase in BCVA after 5 sessions in both groups (P=0.016, and P<0.001 respectively), but Group A showed further improvement after 10 sessions (P<0.001). Regarding reading speed, Group A showed significant improvement from baseline after 15 sessions(P=0.020), Group B improved significantly after 5 sessions (P=0.047) and continued to improve after 10 sessions (P=0.030). Additionally, P1 and LgBCEA of Group A significantly improved after 10 sessions (P=0.001, and P=0.001 respectively), while Group B significantly improved after 5 sessions (P=0.002, and P<0.001 respectively). There was no significant difference in visual outcomes between the two groups (P>0.05) except LgBCEA (P=0.046) after 15 sessions. We concluded that the both MBFT frequencies are effective at improving vision and quality of life in patients with maculopathies. The alternate daily training group showed less time-dependent of improvement in all parameters and a greater benefit in fixation stability. Ten sessions are the optimal number of treatment sessions for alternate daily training.
Integrated high-precision monitoring method for surface subsidence in mining areas using D-InSAR, SBAS, and UAV technologies
Authors: Zhu Mingfei , Yu Xuexiang , Tan Hao , Yuan Jiajia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe use of unmanned operations to monitor mining induced land subsidence is increasing. This study conducts a detailed comparative analysis of accuracy of measured ground deformation provided by Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR), Small Baseline Subset (SBAS), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) tilt photogrammetry with respect to levelling measurements. Based on such analysis we propose an integrated approach that combines multiple remote sensing methods to achieve a better global accuracy in the land subsidence monitoring in mining areas. Conducted at the Banji Coal Mine, this study collected subsidence data from April 10, 2021, to June 28, 2022, through D-InSAR, SBAS, and UAV techniques. After segmenting the subsidence basin into distinct zones, we qualitatively assessed each area with UAV-derived 3D models and quantitatively evaluated the precision of all applied techniques, benchmarking against leveling data. Our findings indicate that integrating D-InSAR, SBAS, and UAV technologies significantly enhances monitoring accuracy over any single method, demonstrating their combined effectiveness in different subsidence areas. Consequently, the synergistic integration of D-InSAR, SBAS, and UAV technologies, capitalizing on their complementary strengths, enables the achievement of intuitive, comprehensive, and high-precision monitoring of subsidence basins in mining areas.