bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing pharmacokinetics and metabolism of diltiazem in normotensive Sprague Dawley and Wistar Kyoto rats vs. spontaneously hypertensive rats in vivo
Authors: Yeung Pollen K.F. , Alcos Angelita , Marcoux Tanya , Tang Jinglan 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background: In order to identify a suitable rodent model for preclinical study of calcium antagonists, the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of one of the prototypes diltiazem (DTZ) in normotensive Sprague Dawley (SDR) was compared with Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) following 5 mg/kg twice daily for five doses given by subcutaneous injection.

Methods: Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by standard procedures assuming a one-compartment model with first-order input using Rstrips®, and differences between the groups were considered significant when p<0.05.

Results: Plasma concentrations of DTZ were higher in the SHR than the normotensive SDR and WKY rats, although the differences did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Plasma concentrations of the active metabolites N-desmethyl DTZ (MA), deacetyl DTZ (M1) and deacetyl N-desmethyl DTZ (M2) were significantly higher in the SHR and WKY rats than the SDR, which was attributed to higher DTZ concentrations and also genetic factors.

Conclusions: Although the differences were mainly quantitative and very small, the study has shown for the first time that the metabolism profiles of DTZ in SHR and WKY rats were closer to humans than SDR, and they may be more preferable rat models to study pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies of DTZ or similar agents.
Rice Husk Ash Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Osinubi Kolawole J. , Edeh Joseph E. , Agada Joseph O. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The use of a reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and rice husk ash (RHA) mixture in the construction of pavements has benefits in not only reducing the amount of waste materials requiring disposal but can also provide construction materials with significant savings over new materials. The paper presents results of the laboratory evaluation of the characteristics of RAP stabilized with sawdust ash (RHA) with a view to determine its suitability for use as a subbase and base material in flexible pavements. The RAP-RHA mixtures were subjected to British Standard light, BSL (standard Proctor) compactive effort to determine the compaction characteristics and California bearing ratio (CBR). Test results show that the properties of RAP improved when treated with RHA. The particle grading improved from 99.8 % coarse aggregate and 0.2 % fines, with an AASHTO classification of A-1-a for 100 % RAP to 92.5–99.5 % coarse aggregate and 0.5–7.5 % fines, with an AASHTO classification that ranges from A-1-a (granular materials) to A-3 (nonplastic fine sand) for the various RAP-RHA mix proportions to A- 4 (silty materials) for 100 % RHA. Generally, maximum dry density (MDD) decreased and optimum moisture content (OMC) increased with higher RHA content in the mixes. The CBR values decreased with higher RHA content. However, the values increased from 35 (unsoaked) and 23 % (soaked for 24 h) for 100 % RAP to peak values of 41 (unsoaked) and 34 % (soaked for 24 h) for a 70 %RAP/30 %RHA mix that can be used as a subbase material in flexible pavements.
Ditransitive constructions in Ainu
Authors: Bugaeva Anna 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper shows that there are two ditransitive alignment types in Ainu, viz. a frequently-used double-object construction (DOC) and infrequently-used indirective object construction (IOC). Ainu ditransitives encoded by the DOC are unusual cross-linguistically because all of them, including the verb kor-e [have-CAUS] ‘give’, are derived by causative, applicative or applicative-causative derivations. I argue that the IOC is possible in Ainu only either with those verbs which have no applicative (three-argument) counterparts or with ditransitive verbs of a slightly extended ditransitive case frame including Source/inanimate Goal instead of Recipient proper. Comparing the formal properties of the DOC-encoded ditransitives and those of other three-argument constructions, I claim that Ainu presents a counterexample to KITTILÄ’s (2006) Universal 1, since the so-called most typical ditransitive verb ‘give’, viz. the derived verb kor-e lit. ‘make/let sb have sth’ in Ainu, is outranked in formal transitivity by the underived three-argument verb o ‘put/place sth (PL) on sth’ of a non-ditransitive case frame.
Neonatal Blue Light Phototherapy and Melanocytic Nevi: A Twin Study
Authors: Csoma Zsanett , Tóth-Molnár Edit , Balogh Klára , Polyánka Hilda , Orvos Hajnalka , Ócsai Henriette , Kemény Lajos , Széll Márta , Oláh Judit 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND:Neonatal blue light phototherapy (NBLP) has been widely and successfully used for the treatment of neonatal jaundice to reduce the plasma concentration of bilirubin and, hence, to prevent kernicterus. Only a few and controversial data are available in the literature as to how NBLP influences melanocytic nevus development.OBJECTIVE:Our goal was to conduct a twin study with the aim of better understanding the role of NBLP in melanocytic nevus development. We also investigated the roles of other environmental and constitutional factors in nevus formation.METHODS:Fifty-nine monozygotic and dizygotic twins were included in this cross-sectional study. One of the twin members received NBLP, and the other did not. A whole-body skin examination was performed to determine the density of melanocytic skin lesions. The prevalence of benign pigmented uveal lesions was evaluated during a detailed ophthalmologic examination. A standardized questionnaire was used to assess data relating to constitutional, sun-exposure, and other variables. To search for possible gene-environmental interactions involved in the appearance of pigmented lesions, the melanocortin 1 receptor variants and the I439V polymorphism of histidine ammonia-lyase genes were also determined in the enrolled twins.RESULTS:NBLP was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of both cutaneous and uveal melanocytic lesions. No association was found between the examined gene polymorphisms and the number of pigmented alterations in the examined study group.CONCLUSIONS:Our data suggest that NBLP could well be a risk factor for melanocytic nevus development. Phototherapy with blue-light lamps is a standard and essential therapeutic modality in neonatal care; therefore, additional in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to establish its potential long-term adverse effects.
Transient Localized Material Properties Changes by Ultrafast Laser-Pulse Manipulation of Electron Dynamics in Micro/Nano Manufacturing
Authors: Li Xin , Jiang Lan , Wang Cong , Tsai Hai-Lung 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA femtosecond (fs) pulse duration is shorter than many physical/chemical characteristic times, such as the electron-photon relaxation time, which makes it possible to control electron dynamics. This paper reviews our recent progress which proposes to change electron dynamics (selective excitation/ionization) and electron densities/temperatures in materials to control the following properties and processes: 1) the transient (femtosecond-to-picosecond time scale), localized (nanometer-to-micrometer length scale) material properties, 2) the corresponding photon absorption process, and 3) phase change mechanisms, by manipulating fs pulse-train number/delay for high-precision micro/nanoscale manufacturing.
Ozone Inhalation Promotes CX3CR1-Dependent Maturation of Resident Lung Macrophages That Limit Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Authors: Tighe Robert M. , Li Zhuowei , Potts Erin N. , Frush Sarah , Liu Ningshan , Gunn Michael D. , Foster W. Michael , Noble Paul W. , Hollingsworth John W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Inhalation of ambient ozone alters populations of lung macrophages. However, the impact of altered lung macrophage populations on the pathobiology of ozone is poorly understood. We hypothesized that subpopulations of macrophages modulate the response to ozone. We exposed C57BL/6 mice to ozone (2 ppm × 3 h) or filtered air. At 24 h after exposure, the lungs were harvested and digested and the cells underwent flow cytometry. Analysis revealed a novel macrophage subset present in ozone-exposed mice, which were distinct from resident alveolar macrophages and identified by enhanced Gr-1+ expression [Gr-1 macrophages (Gr-1 Macs)]. Further analysis showed that Gr-1+ Macs exhibited high expression of MARCO, CX3CR1, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxioreductase 1. Gr-1+ Macs were present in the absence of CCR2, suggesting that they were not derived from a CCR2-dependent circulating intermediate. Using PKH26-PCL to label resident phagocytic cells, we demonstrated that Gr-1 Macs were derived from resident lung cells. This new subset was diminished in the absence of CX3CR1. Interestingly, CX3CR1-null mice exhibited enhanced responses to ozone, including increased airway hyperresponsiveness, exacerbated neutrophil influx, accumulation of 8-isoprostanes and protein carbonyls, and increased expression of cytokines (CXCL2, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, and TNF-α). Our results identify a novel subset of lung macrophages, which are derived from a resident intermediate, are dependent upon CX3CR1, and appear to protect the host from the biological response to ozone.
Compatibilization of polypropylene/ poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) blends
Authors: Sadi Roberta K. , Kurusu Rafael S. , Fechine Guilhermino J. M. , Demarquette Nicole R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBlending polypropylene (PP) with biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) can be a nice alternative to minimize the disposal problem of PP and the intrinsic brittleness that restricts PHB applications. However, to achieve acceptable engineering properties, the blend needs to be compatibilized because of the immiscibility between PP and PHB. In this work, PP/PHB blends were prepared with different types of copolymers as possible compatibilizers: poly(propylene‐g‐maleic anhydride) (PP–MAH), poly (ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate) [P(E–MA)], poly(ethylene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) [P(E–GMA)], and poly(ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) [P(E–MA–GMA)]. The effect of each copolymer on the morphology and mechanical properties of the blends was investigated. The results show that the compatibilizers efficiency decreased in this order: P(E–MA–GMA) > P(E–MA) > P(E–GMA) > PP–MAH; we explained this by taking into consideration the affinity degree of the compatibilizers with the PP matrix, the compatibilizers properties, and their ability to provide physical and/or reactive compatibilization with PHB. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of stable isotope (+/−)‐[13C]‐pantoprazole: Implications for a rapid screening phenotype test of CYP2C19 activity
Authors: Thacker David L. , Modak Anil , Nguyen Phuong D. , Flockhart David A. , Desta Zeruesenay 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAims: We have previously shown that the (±)‐[13C]‐pantoprazole breath test is a promising noninvasive probe of CYP2C19 activity. As part of that trial, plasma, breath test indices and CYP2C19 (*2, *3, and *17) genotype were collected. Here, we examined whether [13C]‐pantoprazole exhibits enantioselective pharmacokinetics and whether this enantioselectivity is correlated with indices of breath test.Methods: Plasma (−)‐ and (+)‐[13C]‐pantoprazole that were measured using a chiral HPLC were compared between CYP2C19 genotypes and correlated with breath test indices.Results: The AUC(0‐∞) of (+)‐[13C]‐pantoprazole in PM (*2/*2, n = 4) was 10.1‐ and 5.6‐fold higher that EM (*1/*1or *17, n = 10) and IM (*1/*2or *3, n = 10) of CYP2C19, respectively (P < 0.001). The AUC(0‐∞) of (−)‐[13C]‐pantoprazole only significantly differed between PMs and EMs (1.98‐fold; P = 0.05). The AUC(0‐∞) ratio of (+)‐/(−)‐[13C]‐pantoprazole was 3.45, 0.77, and 0.67 in PM, IM, and EM genotypes, respectively. Breath test index, delta over baseline show significant correlation with AUC(0‐∞) of (+)‐[13C]‐pantoprazole (Pearson's r = 0.62; P < 0.001).Conclusions: [13C]‐pantoprazole exhibits enantioselective elimination. (+)‐[13C]‐pantoprazole is more dependent on CYP2C19 metabolic status and may serve as a more attractive probe of CYP2C19 activity than (−)‐[13C]‐pantoprazole or the racemic mixture. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Afferent and efferent projections of the mesopallium in the pigeon (Columba livia)
Authors: Atoji Yasuro , Wild J. Martin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe mesopallium is a thick cell plate occupying a substantial portion of the avian dorsal pallium, but its hodology is incompletely known. In pigeons we examined fiber connections of the frontodorsal (MFD) and frontoventral mesopallium (MFV), the ventrolateral mesopallium (MVL), the lateral (MIVl) and medial (MIVm) parts of the intermediate ventral mesopallium, and the caudal mesopallium (MC). MFV, MIVl, and MC connect reciprocally with secondary centers of the trigeminal, tectofugal, and auditory systems, respectively. MVL forms reciprocal connections with both the entopallial core and belt. MFV, MIVl, MVL, and MC receive thalamic inputs different from those of primary sensory pallial regions and have reciprocal connections with the caudolateral nidopallium (NCL) or arcopallium. MIVm has a strong reciprocal connection with the intermediate medial nidopallium. It receives afferents from the visual Wulst, rostral MC, posterior dorsointermediate thalamic nucleus, and caudal part of the posterior dorsolateral thalamic nucleus, is connected reciprocally with the arcopallium, and projects to NCL. MFD has reciprocal connections with the medial frontal nidopallium, arcopallium, posterior pallial amygdala, dorsolateral corticoid area, and projects to the medial part of medial striatum and hypothalamus. These results indicate that six subdivisions of the mesopallium have strong connections with corresponding portions of the nidopallium. In particular, the sensory mesopallial components of MFV, MIVl, MVL, and MC form parallel pathways to the one‐way sensory streams in the nidopallium and make either feedback or feedforward circuits to the secondary centers of the nidopallium. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct visualization of the subthalamic nucleus and its iron distribution using high‐resolution susceptibility mapping
Authors: Schäfer Andreas , Forstmann Birte U. , Neumann Jane , Wharton Sam , Mietke Alexander , Bowtell Richard , Turner Robert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHistological studies have shown a relatively high iron concentration in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). T2‐ and T2*‐weighted sequences have previously been used to visualize the STN in vivo. The phase information of gradient‐echo images reflects the magnetic tissue properties more directly, e.g., iron is more paramagnetic than water. Unfortunately, phase images suffer from non‐local effects and orientation dependency. The goal of this study is to delineate the STN more precisely using susceptibility maps, calculated from phase images, which directly index magnetic tissue properties while removing the non‐local effects and orientation dependency. Use of 7T MRI enables high spatial resolution with good signal to noise ratio (SNR). Eight healthy subjects were scanned at 7T using a high‐resolution 3D gradient‐echo sequence. Susceptibility maps were calculated from phase data using a thresholding Fourier approach and a regularization approach using spatial priors. The susceptibility maps clearly distinguish the STN from the adjacent substantia nigra (SN). Their susceptibilities are quantitatively different (0.06 and 0.1 ppm for the STN and SN, respectively). These maps allowed the STN, SN, and the red nucleus to be manually segmented, thus providing 3D visualization of their boundaries. In sum, the STN can be more clearly distinguished from adjacent structures in susceptibility maps than in T2*‐weighted images or phase images. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apoptosis in the digestive tract of herbivorous Rana pipiens larvae and carnivorous Ceratophrys ornata larvae: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Kaltenbach Jane C. , Fry Anne E. , Colpitts Katherine M. , Faszewski Ellen E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe lifespan of herbivorous Rana pipiens larvae is ∼3 months, while that of carnivorous Ceratophrys ornata larvae is only about 2 weeks. During metamorphic climax, the larval gut shortens dramatically, especially in R. pipiens, and its luminal epithelium is replaced by adult‐type epithelium. To determine when programmed cell death occurs during the metamorphic restructuring of the gut, we prepared cross‐sections of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine from representative larval stages and from juvenile frogs of both species. The sections were incubated with monoclonal antibody against active caspase‐3, one of the key enzymes in the apoptotic cascade. We observed apoptosis in some luminal epithelial cells in each of the three regions of the larval gastrointestinal tract of both species. However, apoptotic cells appeared earlier in larval stages of R. pipiens than C. ornata and few were seen in juvenile frogs of either species. The results demonstrate the occurrence of apoptosis in the metamorphic remodeling of the gut of both R. pipiens larvae and C. ornata larvae. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel Polymeric Nanoparticles Assembled by Metal Ion Addition
Authors: Skodova Michaela , Hruby Martin , Filippov Sergey K. , Karlsson Goran , Mackova Hana , Spirkova Milena , Kankova Dana , Steinhart Milos , Stepanek Petr , Ulbrich Karel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPotentially biodegradable graft polymer core‐shell nanoparticles assembling by addition of metal ions intended to be used for radionuclide and drug delivery purposes are described. With Cu2+ions, the self‐assembly is slow (within minutes) with low efficiency. With Fe3+ions the nanoparticles are formed immediately and are of convenient size for passive tumor accumulation by the enhanced permeation and retention effect. Full in vitro degradation of these particles is achieved with deferoxamine as a model of in vivo transchelation capacity.
STATCOM/SVC impact on the performance of transmission line distance protection
Authors: Khederzadeh Mojtaba , Ghorbani Amir 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe impact of 48‐pulse STATCOM/SVC on the apparent impedance seen by the transmission line distance relay is investigated in this paper. Analytical results are presented and verified by detailed simulations. The STATCOM/SVC control systems are modeled in full details and practical constraints are applied. It is shown that the presence of a current limiter in the control system of STATCOM could significantly mitigate the impact of STATCOM on the relay's calculated apparent impedance. Six different phase‐to‐phase and phase‐to‐ground measuring units of the distance relay are simulated to resemble the behavior of the relay. It is shown that the impact of SVC on the apparent impedance seen by the phase‐to‐ground fault measuring units is more pronounced. Different power system operating conditions, STATCOM/SVC control system settings and fault scenarios are considered in the simulations. The STATCOM/SVC effects on the distance relay tripping characteristics are also analyzed. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Validation of a double fed induction generator wind turbine model and wind farm verification following the Spanish grid code
Authors: Jiménez Francisco , Gómez‐Lázaro Emilio , Fuentes Juan Alvaro , Molina‐García Angel , Vigueras‐Rodríguez Antonio 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTWind turbine manufacturers are required by transmission system operators for fault ride‐through capability as the penetration of wind energy in the electrical systems grows. For this reason, testing and modeling of wind turbines and wind farms are required by the national grid codes to verify the fulfillment of this capability.Therefore, wind turbine models are required to simulate the evolution of voltage, current, reactive and active power during faults. The simulation results obtained from these wind turbine models are used for verification, validation and certification against the real wind turbines measurement results, although evolution of electrical variables during the fault and its clearance is not easy to fulfill.The purpose of this paper is to show the different stages involved in the fulfillment of the procedure of operation for fault ride‐through capability of the Spanish national grid code (PO 12.3) and the ‘procedure for verification, validation and certification of the requirements of the PO 12.3 on the response of wind farms in the event of voltage dips’. The process has been applied to a wind farm composed of Gamesa G52 wind turbines, and the results obtained are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of a dual microcatheter‐dual interlocking detachable coil technique in preoperative embolization in preparation for distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection for locally advanced pancreatic body cancer
Authors: Abo Daisuke , Hasegawa Yu , Sakuhara Yusuke , Terae Satoshi , Shimizu Tadashi , Tha Khin Khin , Tanaka Eiichi , Hirano Satoshi , Kondo Satoshi , Shirato Hiroki 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurposeTo describe the feasibility of a dual microcatheter‐dual interlocking detachable coil (DMDI) technique for preoperative embolization of the common hepatic artery (CHA) in preparation for distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection (DP‐CAR) for locally advanced pancreatic body cancer.MethodsFrom January 2007 to December 2009, 26 patients underwent embolization of the CHA by the DMDI technique. We compared the results with those of 37 patients in whom the CHA was embolized by conventional techniques from August 1998 to February 2007.ResultsWith the DMDI technique, no coil migration or other embolization‐related complications occurred. The success rate was 100%. The rate of embolization‐related complications was significantly lower in the DMDI embolization group (0%) than in the conventional embolization group (24.3%) (P = 0.008). The frequency of improper positioning of the embolic material necessitating its removal during DP‐CAR was significantly lower in the DMDI embolization group (10%) than in the conventional embolization group (37.5%) (P = 0.044).ConclusionThe DMDI technique allows the development of collateral pathways, reduces the surgeon's burden in ligating the distal CHA, and prevents coil migration. For these reasons, we believe that this technique is feasible for embolization of the CHA in preparation for DP‐CAR for locally advanced pancreatic body cancer.
Characterization of OsSUT2 Expression and Regulation in Germinating Embryos of Rice Seeds
Authors: Siao Wei , Chen Jia-Yi , Hsiao Hui-Hsin , Chung Ping , Wang Shu-Jen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOsSUT2encodes a putative sucrose transporter containing 12 transmembrane domains in rice plants. Subcellular localization of the OsSUT2::GFP fusion protein indicated that OsSUT2 is a cell membrane protein. In embryos of germinating seeds, the expression ofOsSUT2gradually increased during the early germinating stage. The developmental regulations ofOsSUT2in germinating embryos could be mediated by sugars transported from endosperms.OsSUT2expression was up-regulated by glucose through a hexokinase-independent pathway. Exogenous sucrose was sensed by a sensor localized on the plasma membrane and functioned as an enhancer to promoteOsSUT2expression. Based onOsSUT2promoter::GUSexpression in germinating seeds of transgenic rice,OsSUT2was significantly expressed in the embryos and aleurone layers. In embryos, strong GUS expression was detected in the scutellum and vascular bundle tissues. Developmental stage- and sugar-dependentOsSUT2expression was suggested to be controlled by transcriptional regulation of the promoter region.