bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PW01-171 - Coping Strategies In Adolescents With Psychotic-Like Experiences
Authors: Fonseca-Pedrero E. , Lemos-Giráldez S. , Paino M. , Sierra-Baigrie S. , Villazón-García U. , Bobes J. , Muñiz J. 
Published: June 2010

Coping strategies have been defined as the cognitive-behavioral efforts in continuous change made by a subject in order to manage internal and/or external demands which exceed his/her personal resources (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). Said coping strategies have been extensively investigated in individuals with symptoms of psychosis-proneness.ObjectivesThe main objective of the present study was to compare the coping strategies used by adolescents with and without subclinical psychotic symptoms.MethodThe sample was composed of 1,713 Spanish adolescents, 881 (51.4%) females, with a mean age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.7).ResultsThe results showed that the adolescents with subclinical psychotic symptoms used Avoidance-type coping strategies more frequently and Positive-type coping strategies less frequently in comparison to the control group.ConclusionsThese findings indicate a pattern of deficit in the strategies used to cope with stress similar to that of patients with schizophrenia, which is very interesting with a view to establishing lines of intervention within early detection and treatment programs for high-risk individuals aimed at modifying these patterns of deficit in coping with environmental stimuli in these populations.
PW01-172 - Treatment Effects Of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Rtms) On Patients With Chronic Tinnitus Aurium
Authors: Acker J. , Scholz F. , Piehl A. , Scharold S. , Richter K. , Niklewski G. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesIn the Federal Republic of Germany about 3 million people suffer from tinnitus/are hit by tinnitus, numerous of them depend on intensive medical care. The repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is considered to be an innovative and promising therapy in tinnitus treatment. Low frequency stimulation is meant to reduce the abnormal neural activity in the auditory cortex. This study focuses on the efficacy of rTMS with tinnitus patients in the course of a multi disciplinary / an interdisciplinary therapy concept.MethodsFrom November 2008 to June 2009 29 outpatients with chronic tinnitus were treated by low frequency rTMS (1 Hz frequency, 2000 impulses, intensity 110%) for 10 proceedings, stimulating the sinistral auditory cortex with a figure-of-eight-coil. Prior to and afterwards the proceedings questionnaires and assessments of a psychologist took place, afterwards statistical analyses were conducted, the data was explored and systematically discussed.ResultsThe severity index of the tinnitus as well as the depression symptoms of the subjects improved significantly. The average reduction rate of the tinnitus score is set at 7 points. With a response criterion at the minimum of 5 points, 57% were declared as responder, 29% as non-responder and 4 patients (14%) described an increase of the tinnitus loudness/annoyance.ConclusionsThe results show that the rTMS works as a helpful treatment tool with tinnitus patients and should be considered as an option in the routine tinnitus treatment.
PW01-174 - Impaired Fear Conditioning To Thermal Pain Stimuli In Fibromyalgia Patients - An Experimental Study
Authors: Jenewein J. , Ettlin D. , Moergeli H. , Hasler G. , Sprott H. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivePain is a complex experience that normally signals actual or potential tissue damage. Anticipatory anxiety to an unpredictable danger increases pain intensity and unpleasantness in healthy subjects. This study addressed the impact of anticipatory anxiety on pain perception in patients with chronic pain conditions for the first time.Method28 female subjects with chronic pain (14 fibromyalgia (FM), 14 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)) and 14 age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent differential Pavlovian delay conditioning. Conditioned stimuli included visual stimuli (simple black squares and triangles) and were paired with thermal stimuli of low temperatures (CS-), and in a pseudorandomized way in the other half of the trials with high (CS+paired) or low temperatures (CS+unpaired) of 6 sec duration. The conditioned response was measured by pain/anxiety self-rating and heart rate changes.ResultsSubjects of the RA and HC, but not the FM group, rated the pain intensity of the same stimulus (low temperature) significantly higher in the unpredictable condition (CS+unpaired) than in the predictable condition (CS-). Mixed models analyses yielded a significant group-CS interaction with regard to anxiety, pain and heart rate in RA and HC, but not in FMConclusionsResults support impaired fear conditioning in FM including higher pain and anxiety perception even in save conditions compared to RA and HC. Since anxiety and anxiety-related behaviour may substantially contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain in FM, the results of this research may provide clues for further research in psychophysiology and psychological treatment in patients with FM.
PW01-179 - Effect Of Cannabis Misuse On Duration Of Untreated Psychosis And Pathways To Care Of Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Fiorillo A. , Giacco D. , Luciano M. , Vinci V. , Del Vecchio V. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess:a)the socio-demographic characteristics of patients with schizophrenia who were using cannabis at time of first appearing of psychotic symptoms;b)the impact of cannabis on the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and on pathways to care;c)the influence of cannabis on the clinical onset and on the first three years of the disorder.MethodsTwenty-two patients with a recent onset (< 3 years) of schizophrenia were consequently recruited at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Naples SUN. Socio-demographic characteristics, pathways to care and DUP were investigated by ad-hoc schedules.ResultsAbout 60% of patients were using cannabis at onset of schizophrenia. All of them were male and did not have a job and with a lower education level. “Cannabis users” had a first contact with general practitioners earlier than “non cannabis users”, but their DUP was longer, as a consequence of significant delays in access to mental health care. Cannabis users showed higher rates of suicide attempts and relapses in the first three years, suggesting a more severe course of the disorder in the “critical period” of schizophrenia in this population.ConclusionsThe results of the study emphasize the need:a)to carry out sensitization campaigns among young people in order to reduce the use of cannabis and other illicit drugs;b)to promote information on schizophrenia for general practitioners.
PW01-180 - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Is A Predictor Of Excess Mortality In Schizophrenia: A Naturalistic 7 Year Follow-Up
Authors: Heun R. , Potluri R. , Natalwala A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesType 2 diabetes mellitus is more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population. However, there is a lack of evidence that co-morbidity with this and/or other physical diseases lead to excess mortality in schizophrenia. We investigated whether diabetes and other diseases are increased and are predictors of mortality in schizophrenia.MethodsDuring 2000-2007, 679 patients with schizophrenia were admitted to University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, co-morbidities were compared with 88778 age- and gender group-matched hospital controls. Predictors of mortality were identified using logistic regression.ResultsType 2 diabetes mellitus was increased in schizophrenia compared to hospital controls (11.3 versus 6.3%). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus at first admission was higher in later deceased patients with schizophrenia (n=100, 24.0%) than those surviving (n=579, 9.2%). Predictors of mortality in schizophrenia were age (relative risk RR=1.1/year), type 2 diabetes mellitus (RR=2.2), pneumonia (RR=2.7), heart failure (RR=2.9) and chronic renal failure (RR=3.2). The impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality was significantly higher in schizophrenia than in hospital controls (RR=2.2 versus RR=1.1), deceased schizophrenics had more often suffered diabetes mellitus than deceased controls (10.5%).ConclusionsCo-morbidity with diabetes mellitus is increased in schizophrenia in comparison with hospital controls; it also causes significant excess mortality in schizophrenia. Thus, monitoring for and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus is of utmost relevance in schizophrenia.
PW01-188 - Characterization Of Cariprazine (Rgh-188) D3/D2 Receptor Occupancy In Healthy Volunteers And Schizophrenic Patients By Positron Emission Tomography (Pet)
Authors: Laszlovszky I. , Gage A. , Kapas M. , Ghahramani P. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo evaluate the striatal D3/D2 receptor occupancy of cariprazine (RGH-188) in healthy volunteers and schizophrenic patients, and assess the correlation between cariprazine plasma concentration and receptor occupancy.MethodsSingle- (0.5 mg) or multiple-dose (1 mg/day, 14 days) cariprazine was administered to healthy adult males (N=5) in an open-label positron emission tomography (PET) study. In a separate open-label PET study, multiple-dose cariprazine (0.5-3.0 mg/day, 14 days) was administered to adult male schizophrenic patients (N=8). Healthy volunteers had 1 predose and 1 postdose raclopride PET scan; schizophrenic patients had 1 predose and up to 3 postdose fallypride scans. Cariprazine plasma concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS.ResultsIn healthy volunteers, single-dose cariprazine 0.5 mg resulted in low plasma concentration (0.1 ng/ml) and was associated with 12% maximum D3/D2 receptor occupancy; cariprazine 1 mg/day for 14 days resulted in cariprazine plasma concentrations of 2.3-3.4 ng/ml and >70% D3/D2 receptor occupancy. In schizophrenic patients, cariprazine 1.5 mg/day for 14 days resulted in cariprazine plasma concentrations of 2.5-3.4 ng/ml and >70% receptor occupancy; cariprazine 3.0 mg/day resulted in ≥90% occupancy. Predicted Emax values in schizophrenic patients approached 100% D3/D2 occupancy for dorsal and ventral striatum.ConclusionsD3/D2 receptor occupancy in dorsal and ventral striatum was similar for cariprazine 1.0 mg/day in healthy volunteers and cariprazine 1.5 mg/day in schizophrenic patients. In both, higher receptor occupancy was associated with higher cariprazine plasma concentration. Cariprazine at 1.5 to 3.0 mg/day showed D3/D2 receptor occupancy within the predicted effective antipsychotic range.
PW01-193 - Safety And Efficacy Of Long-Term Asenapine Versus Olanzapine In Schizophrenia Or Schizoaffective Disorder Patients
Authors: Schoemaker J. , Naber D. , Jansen W. , Panagides J. , Emsley R. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesAsenapine is indicated in adults for acute treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. Here, the long-term safety and efficacy of asenapine versus olanzapine is described in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients treated for up to 3 years.MethodsIn a 1-year core study, patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with asenapine (5 or 10 mg BID) or olanzapine (10-20 mg QD). Patients completing the core study, and willing to continue treatment, received up to an additional 2 years of double-blind treatment. Safety evaluations assessments included adverse events (AEs), vital signs, body weight, and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Efficacy, changes in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score, was evaluated in the intent-to-treat population using observed cases.ResultsIn 440 enrolled patients (asenapine, 290; olanzapine, 150), the mean±SD daily dose was 13.4±4.1 mg for both asenapine and olanzapine; total exposure duration (including core study exposure) was 676.3±148.1 and 692.5±140.7 days for asenapine and olanzapine, respectively. Mean weight gain was 1.6 kg with asenapine and 5.0 kg with olanzapine; incidence of clinically significant weight gain was 28% and 40%, respectively. Incidence of EPS-related AEs was 4.5% with asenapine and 3.3% with olanzapine. AEs occurring in ≥10% of patients treated for up to 3 years will be listed. Mean±SD changes in PANSS total score over the course of the extension study were 1.7±11.0 with asenapine and -0.8±9.5 with olanzapine.ConclusionsAsenapine and olanzapine were well tolerated and maintained efficacy in patients receiving up to 3 years of treatment.
PW01-200 - Ethnic Differences And Similarities In Treatment Of Common Mental Disorders In Primary And Outpatient Mental Health Care In The Netherlands
Authors: Fassaert T. , Peen J. , Nielen M. , van Straten A. , de Wit M. , Schrier A. , Heijnen H. , Cuijpers P. , Verhoeff A. , Beekman A. , Verheij R. , Dekker J. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThere are widespread concerns about the quality of mental health care for ethnic minority groups. This is supported mainly by studies from the U.S. and Great-Britain, raising doubts about the generalisability to (other) European countries. This study investigates ethnic differences in quality of care (QoC) for common mental disorders (CMD) in primary and outpatient mental health care in the Netherlands.MethodsData from electronic records of 89 primary care practices in 2007 (6,246 cases), and longitudinal data (2001 - 2005) from a nationwide psychiatric case register (17,270 cases). Quality of primary care indicators were ‘detection of CMD’, ‘adequate follow-up’, ‘adequate prescription of psychotropics’ and ‘referral to specialised mental health care’. Outpatient mental health care indicators were ‘waiting times’, ‘treatment intensity’, ‘early dropout’ and ‘early re-registration.ResultsCompared with ethnic Dutch, quality of primary care was less for Turkish clients (CMD less likely to be detected) and Surinamese/Antillean clients (less than adequate prescription of psychotropics). Outpatient mental health treatment was less favourable for Moroccan and Turkish clients (longer waiting times and lower treatment intensity), but more favourable for Surinamese/Antillean clients (shorter waiting times and lower dropout).ConclusionsThe data do not provide sufficient support for a generalising statement that quality of CMD treatment is less favourable for ethnic minority clients. Though negative findings are not to be disregarded, positive findings - which may be related to the promotion of culturally sensitive care approaches in mainstream mental health services - deserve attention as well.
PW01-202 - Difference In Profile Of Non-Psychotic Clients Treated In Daily Hospital Of Mental Health Protection Clinic In Nis 1998 And 2008
Authors: Mihajlovic S. , Stevanovic M. 
Published: June 2010

Objective of the workThe objective of this work is to check the assumption that changed social and economic factors causes change in some of the characteristics of non-psychotic clients treated in the daily hospital.MethodThe investigation included 77 clients treated in the daily hospital in 1998 and 82 clients in 2008. Distribution of both groups was done according to the age, work status, duration of previous psychiatric treatment and diagnostic categories.ResultsThe result of the work indicates that the profile of a non-psychotic client changes showing an increase of the number of the clients over 50 (participated as 22.07% and 47.56% in 1998 and 2008, respectively). The increase of the number of unemployed of 9.09% in 1998 and 42.68% in 2008 was observed. The increase of number of the clients treated less than one year was also observed (23.37% and 50% in 1998 and 2008 respectively). There are no more significant percentage differences regarding affective disorders (32.46% in 1998 and 34.14% in 2008) and in the category of personality disorder and adults behavior disorder (9.09% in 1998 and 9.75% in 2008).Neurotic stress associated and somatoform disorders were slightly increased in 2008 (50%) in relation to 1998 (40.25%), with significantly increased number of the clients in F 43 diagnostic category, from 7.79% during 1998 to 31,70% during 2008.ConclusionThe results obtained point out that change in social and economic factors causes changes in the profile of non-psychotic clients in daily hospital.
PW01-206 - People'S Perception Of Their Involuntary Admission At One Year Follow-Up And Readmission Rates To Hospital
Authors: O’Donoghue B. , Lyne J. , Hill M. , O’Rourke L. , Daly S. , Larkin C. , Feeney L. , O’Callaghan E. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge of how individuals reflect on their involuntary admission.ObjectivesTo investigate, at one year after an involuntary admission,(i)peoples perception of the necessity of their involuntary admission(ii)the enduring impact on the relationship with their family, consultant psychiatrist and employment prospects(iii)readmission rates to hospital and risk factors for readmission.MethodsPeople that were admitted involuntarily over a 15 month period were re-interviewed at one year following discharge.ResultsSixty eight people were re-interviewed at one year and this resulted in a follow-up rate of 84%. Prior to discharge, 72% of people reported that their involuntary admission had been necessary however this reduced to 60% after one year. Over one third of people changed their views and the majority of these patients reflected negatively towards their involuntary admission.One quarter of people continued to experience a negative impact on the relationship with a family member and their consultant psychiatrist one year after an involuntary admission, while 13% reported a positive impact. A similar proportion perceived that it had negative consequences in their employment.Within one year, 43% of all patients involuntarily admitted in the study period were readmitted to hospital and half of these admissions were involuntary. Involuntary readmission was associated with a sealing over recovery style.ConclusionsPeoples’ perception of the necessity of their involuntary admissions changes significantly over time. Involuntary admissions can have a lasting negative impact on the relationship with family members and treating consultant psychiatrist.
PW01-209 - Implicit Self-Stigma In People With Mental Illness
Authors: Rüsch N. , Corrigan P.W. , Todd A.R. , Bodenhausen G.V. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesPeople with mental illness often internalise negative stereotypes, resulting in self-stigma and low self-esteem (‘People with mental illness are bad and therefore I am bad, too’; Corrigan and Watson 2002, Rüsch et al 2006). Despite strong evidence for self-stigma's negative impact as assessed by selfreport measures, it is unclear whether self-stigma operates in an automatic, implicit manner, potentially outside conscious awareness and control.MethodsWe therefore assessed (i) negative implicit attitudes toward mental illness and (ii) low implicit self-esteem, using two Brief Implicit Association Tests (Sriram and Greenwald 2009) in 85 people with mental illness. Implicit self-stigma was operationalised as the product of both implicit measures. Explicit self-stigma and quality of life were assessed by self-report.ResultsGreater implicit and explicit self-stigma independently predicted lower quality of life after controlling for depressive symptoms, diagnosis, and demographic variables.ConclusionsImplicit self-stigma is a measurable construct and is associated with negative outcomes. Attempts to reduce self-stigma (Knight et al 2006) should address implicit-automatic processes.
PW01-211 - The Influence Of National Alcohol Control Program On The Clinical Work Of Psychiatrists In Kaunas Region
Authors: Adomaitiene V. , Taranda V. , Jaras A. , Dambrauskienė K. , Lygnugarytė A. , Andriuškevičienė L. 
Published: June 2010

According to the figures from State Mental Health Center in 2004 - 2008, the changes in morbidity of alcohol addiction are insignificant (from 1885,9 to 1774,6/100 000 residents), but there is an increase in morbidity of alcohol related psychoses (from 69,5 to 110 /100 000 residents), as well as increase in alcohol consumption (from 7 to 13,3 litres per resident). In 2005 alcohol control and prevention program was launched in Lithuania.ObjectiveThe goal of the study was to analyse the influence of National alcohol control program to the rate of visits in Kaunas District Dependence Diseases Center.MethodsRetrospective analysis of visits to Kaunas District Dependence Diseases Center between 2004 - 2008 (5 year period) was conducted. 28456 cases were analysed. Visits in relation to Mental and behavioural disorders caused by alcohol consumption were included.Results28456 visits were registered in Kaunas District Dependence Diseases Center between 2004 - 2008, 8965 (31,5%) of them were related to F10. During five year period the number of visits decreased from 1669 to 1316. The most frequent diagnosis was abstinence condition, bet were was no statistically confident change noted. Visits of women increased from 100 to 205.ConclusionsIt could be hypothesised that morbidity of addiction to alcohol is decreasing. Because of a better information campaign the number of visits by women has increased. There was no notable change in the number of psychoses disorders.
PW01-212 - Correlates Of Home Smoking Restrictions Among Lithuanian Adult Smokers
Authors: Adomaitienė V. , Dambrauskienė K. , Klumbienė J. , Veryga A. , Jaras A. , Taranda V. , Vilkas V. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe aim of study was to estimate the relationships among smoking/quitting behavior, having a smoke-free home and a number of social variables, including perceived family pressure to quit, the presence of adult non-smokers and children in the household, and belief in the harmfulness of secondhand smoke.MethodsThe study analyses data from Lithuanian adult population health behavior surveys, performed in period of 1994- 2008. For every survey the national random sample of 3000 inhabitants aged 20-64 was taken from the National Population Register. The study material was collected through mailed questionnaires covering smoking habits, sociodemographic characteristics.Results65% of current smokers reported living in a home with a total smoking ban, 35% reported having no restrictions on smoking in the home. Report of a recent quit attempt and intention to quit were associated with family preference that the smoker not smoke. Smoke-free homes appear to prolong time to relapse following cessation. Male smokers were more likely than females to report smoke-free homes, and such reports decreased with age. Smokers were nearly 5 times more likely to report smoke-free homes if they lived with a non-smoking adult and child compared to when there was no child or adult nonsmoker in the household, and over 4 times more likely to report a smoke-free home if they believed in the harmfulness of secondhand smoke.ConclusionsSocial influences, especially at the family level, motivate smokers to modify smokers’ behavior in ways that would help them quit and stay quit.