bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF): A Biomass‐Derived Solvent with Broad Application in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Pace Vittorio , Hoyos Pilar , Castoldi Laura , Domínguez de María Pablo , Alcántara Andrés R. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract2‐Methyl‐tetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF) can be derived from renewable resources (e.g., furfural or levulinic acid) and is a promising alternative solvent in the search for environmentally benign synthesis strategies. Its physical and chemical properties, such as its low miscibility with water, boiling point, remarkable stability compared to other cyclic‐based solvents such as THF, and others make it appealing for applications in syntheses involving organometallics, organocatalysis, and biotransformations or for processing lignocellulosic materials. Interestingly, a significant number of industries have also started to assess 2‐MeTHF in several synthetic procedures, often with excellent results and prospects. Likewise, preliminary toxicology assessments suggest that the use of 2‐MeTHF might even be extended to more processes in pharmaceutical chemistry. This Minireview describes the properties of 2‐MeTHF, the state‐of‐the‐art of its use in synthesis, and covers several outstanding examples of its application from both industry and academia.
A Simple One‐Pot Dehydration Process to Convert N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine into a Nitrogen‐Containing Compound, 3‐acetamido‐5‐acetylfuran
Authors: Omari Khaled W. , Dodot Linda , Kerton Francesca M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn efficient process for converting N‐acetyglucosamine (NAG) into 3‐acetamido‐5‐acetylfuran (3A5AF) is reported. 3A5AF is proposed as an N‐containing platform chemical, which contains renewable nitrogen. In the reported method NAG, in the presence of boric acid (B(OH)3) and sodium chloride (NaCl), produces 58 % yield 3A5AF in dimethylacetamide under microwave irradiation (220 °C, 15 min). A maximum yield of 62 % was obtained in the presence of 4 equivalent NaCl. Performing ICP–MS analysis on NAG from different chemical suppliers highlighted the importance of Cl and B levels in this process. Trace impurities are, therefore, important considerations in biomass transformations. This solution‐phase process produces approximately 30 times more 3A5AF than a pyrolysis route reported previously.
Shining a New Light on an Old Game – An OsII‐Based Near‐IR Light Switch
Authors: Trovato Emanuela , Di Pietro Maria Letizia , Puntoriero Fausto 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe present a high‐yield synthesis, the spectroscopic, electrochemical, and photophysical characterization of a new near‐IR OsII DNA light switch based on the pydppz ligand {pydppz = 3‐(pyrid‐2′‐yl)dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine}. The new compound represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of an [Os(tpy)2]‐like species able to intercalate into DNA. This compound is completely quenched in aqueous solution and becomes luminescent in the near‐IR spectral region in the presence of a small amount of biopolymer. Thus this osmium species behaves as a real OFF‐ON DNA light switch.
An Approach to Nanobioparticles – Synthesis and Characterization of Fulleropeptides
Authors: Bjelaković Mira , Todorović Nina , Milić Dragana 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTwo sets of new peptides incorporating fulleropyrrolidine units – Fp‐GABAn‐Glym‐OtBu – have been designed, synthesized and completely characterized. In the first series the chain contained only GABA (γ‐aminobutyric) residues, whereas in the second one glycine moieties were also inserted as well as GABA. Most of the target compounds were prepared by DCC/DMAP‐assisted coupling of previously synthesized GABA‐containing fulleropyrrolidinic acid and corresponding C‐protected small peptides, although for two fulleropeptides [3+2] cycloadditions of azomethine ylides to C60 were employed. All new compounds were characterized by standard spectroscopic methods. Complete assignments of peptide spin systems were achieved by extensive NMR analysis (1H, 13C, H,H‐COSY, HSQC, HMBC and TOCSY).
Preparation and Reactions of Aliphatic 2‐Pentafluorosulfanyl Aldehydes
Authors: Ngo Silvana C. , Lin Jin‐Hong , Savoie Paul R. , Hines Erica M. , Pugliese Kaitlin M. , Welch John T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA facile preparation of aliphatic 2‐pentafluorosulfanyl aldehydes is described. To investigate the utility of the aldehydes as synthetic building blocks, various transformations of the aldehydes were explored. The pentafluorosulfanyl group was stable under a variety of reaction conditions, and the pentafluorosulfanylated products were obtained in moderate to good yields in most cases.
The impact of antipsychotics and neuropsychiatric symptoms on the quality of life of people with dementia living in nursing homes
Authors: van de Ven‐Vakhteeva Julia , Bor Hans , Wetzels Roland B. , Koopmans Raymond T. C. M. , Zuidema Sytse U. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish whether antipsychotic (AP) use in patients with dementia negatively affects quality of life (QoL) independent of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS).MethodWe tested 290 patients with dementia living in nine nursing homes throughout the Netherlands in a longitudinal study. The measurements were repeated every 6 months over 2 years. We studied the change in NPS and AP use and their effect on QoL over time in two separate generalized estimating equations. We assessed QoL and NPS using the Qualidem questionnaire and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory‐Nursing Home Version (NPI‐NH), respectively.ResultsAntipsychotic prescriptions did not significantly change participant QoL, whereas NPI‐NH total score changes consistently predicted changes in QoL. According to the Qualidem, the development of QoL in patients who chronically used APs did not differ from AP‐free patients, except on the restless tense behavior subscale. AP‐free patients' “restless tense behavior” improved compared with patients who chronically used APs, who showed a slight deterioration in these symptoms; however, this effect did not significantly influence total QoL.ConclusionAntipsychotic use does not necessarily have detrimental effects on the QoL of patients with dementia; rather, NPS consistently and negatively affects QoL. The use of APs to treat NPS is justified when used carefully (i.e., their benefits and side effects should be monitored). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of skin cancer and other malignancies in kidney, liver, heart and lung transplant recipients 1970 to 2008—A Swedish population‐based study
Authors: Krynitz Britta , Edgren Gustaf , Lindelöf Bernt , Baecklund Eva , Brattström Christina , Wilczek Henryk , Smedby Karin E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOrgan transplant recipients are at increased risk of a wide range of malignancies, especially cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Few previous population‐based studies have quantified and compared cancer risks according to graft type and with long‐term follow‐up. Using nationwide Swedish registers, we identified 10,476 recipients transplanted from 1970 to 2008 and followed them for cancer occurrence. Relative risks of cancer in comparison with the general population were expressed as standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and within the transplanted cohort as incidence rate ratios (IRR). During a total follow‐up of 93,432 person‐years, patients were diagnosed with 1,175 cancers excluding SCC, and with 2,231 SCC, SIRcancer excl SCC 2.4 (95% CI, 2.2–2.5); SIRSCC 121 (95% CI, 116–127). Cancer risks were most increased among heart and/or lung recipients SIRcancer excl SCC 3.3 (95% CI, 2.8–4.0); SIRSCC 198 (95% CI, 174–224), followed by kidney SIRcancer excl SCC 2.3 (95% CI, 2.1–2.4); SIRSCC 121 (95% CI, 116–127) and liver recipients SIRcancer excl SCC 2.3 (95% CI, 1.9–2.8); SIRSCC 32 (95% CI, 24–42). During follow‐up, risk of cancer excluding SCC remained stable while risk of SCC tripled over 20 years irrespective of graft type, partly due to a subgroup of patients developing new SCCs at a rapidly increasing rate. In summary, post‐transplant cancer risk varied by transplanted organ and by cancer site, with the bulk of the excess risk driven by an exceptionally high and accelerating risk of SCC. These findings underscore the importance of regular skin screening in organ transplant recipients.
A comparison of four scales for anxiety, depression, and neuroticism
Authors: Meites Karen , Lovallo William , Pishkin Vladimir 
Published: August 2012

AbstractExamined the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) for specificity and validity as measures of anxiety and depression. It was hypothesized that if the BDI and SDS were specific to symptoms of depression, they would show high correlations with each other, low correlations with the TMAS, and intermediate correlations with the Neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI‐N). The four instruments were administered to 170 undergraduate students, and correlations and qualitative content analyses showed that the BDI, SDS and TMAS were intercorrelated significantly with the EPI‐N scale and that item content overlapped heavily among the tests. The results suggest all four tests tap an emotionality factor of stability‐instability.
Ethylbenzene removal under mesophilic conditions in a biofilter with Macadamia ternifolia nutshells as a carrier material
Authors: Volckaert Diëgo , Álvarez‐Hornos F. Javier , Heynderickx Philippe M. , Kittikoon Chidnapa , Van Langenhove Herman 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiofilters are suitable to treat industrial emissions polluted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), responsible for photochemical smog and depletion of the ozone layer. This study analyzes the performance of a biofilter with Macadamia ternifolia nutshells as a carrier material treating air streams contaminated with ethylbenzene under mesophilic conditions with continuous feeding.RESULTSThe biofilter was operated continuously for 5 months applying several inlet loads (IL), empty bed residence times (EBRT) and temperatures. At a temperature of 303 ± 1 K removal efficiencies (RE) higher than 90% were obtained for ILs lower than 85.6 g m−3 h−1 and 70.6 g m−3 h−1 at an EBRT of 150 and 90 s. The yield coefficient resulted in 0.73 g of dry biomass formed per g of ethylbenzene degraded. Michaelis–Mentens half saturation parameter Km and maximum volumetric elimination rate rm were calculated for EBRT of 90 s, Km = 0.28 ± 0.09 g m−3 and rm = 89 ± 11 g m−3 h−1, and 150 s, Km = 0.72 ± 0.18 g m−3 and rm = 117 ± 15 g m−3 h−1.CONCLUSIONSThe experimental data shows that a biofilter with Macadamia ternifolia nutshells (waste material in Thailand) as a carrier material is a good option for air treatment in tropical areas with typical temperatures varying from 292 to 313 K, using ethylbenzene as a test substrate. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Preoperative “NPO” as an opportunity for diabetes screening
Authors: Sheehy Ann M. , Benca Joan , Glinberg Simone L. , Li Zhanhai , Nautiyal Amit , Anderson Paul A. , Squire Matthew W. , Coursin Douglas B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Novel preventive care opportunities, such as in hospitalized patients, may merit further investigation in an Accountable Care Organization (ACO) model. As 40% of patients with diabetes are undiagnosed, diabetes screening is an urgent public health need. Screening fasting preoperative patients may present an effective means to identify patients who might otherwise remain undiagnosed.OBJECTIVE:To pilot an inpatient preventive care strategy for diabetes screening that would ascertain prevalence of unrecognized inpatient diabetes (DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), determine reproducibility of preoperative fasting blood glucose (FBG), and establish feasibility of inpatient preventive screening.DESIGN:Prospective observational study.SETTING:Large Midwestern academic medical center.PATIENTS:Two hundred seventy‐five elective orthopedic patients with a preoperative visit between December 1, 2007 and November 30, 2008. Most patients (96.6%) had seen their primary care provider (PCP) within 12 months, and 100% were insured.MEASUREMENTS:Medical history was recorded, and hemoglobin A1C (Hgb A1C) and FBG were drawn immediately prior to surgery. Patients with preoperative FBG ≥100 mg/dL had FBG drawn 6–8 weeks postoperatively.RESULTS:Twenty‐four percent (67/275) of patients had previously unrecognized DM or IFG by virtue of 2 abnormal values. Sixty‐four percent of patients with FBG ≥100 mg/dL preoperatively remained elevated at ambulatory follow‐up. No patients with new DM or IFG had point‐of‐care glucose checks ordered or had dysglycemia mentioned on discharge summary.CONCLUSIONS:Inpatient undiagnosed DM and IFG is common, even in insured, elective surgery patients with recent primary care visits. Preoperative FBG can be used to screen, but results need to be conveyed to PCPs. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Survey of overnight academic hospitalist supervision of trainees
Authors: Farnan Jeanne M. , Burger Alfred , Boonayasai Romsai T. , Leykum Luci , Harrison Rebecca , Machulsky Julie , Parekh Vikas , Sharpe Bradley A. , Schleyer Anneliese M. , Arora Vineet M. ,   for the SGIM Housestaff Oversight Subcommittee
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn 2003, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) announced the first in a series of guidelines related to the residency training. The most recent recommendations include explicit recommendations regarding the provision of on‐site clinical supervision for trainees of internal medicine. To meet these standards, many internal medicine residency programs turned to hospitalist programs to fill that need. However, much is unknown about the current relationships between hospitalist and residency programs, specifically with regard to supervisory roles and supervision policies. We aimed to describe how academic hospitalists currently supervise housestaff during the on‐call, or overnight, period and hospitalist program leader their perceptions of how these new policies would impact trainee‐hospitalist interactions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Perceptions of readmitted patients on the transition from hospital to home
Authors: Kangovi Shreya , Grande David , Meehan Patricia , Mitra Nandita , Shannon Richard , Long Judith A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hospital leaders have had mixed success reducing readmissions Little is known about the readmitted patient's perspective.METHODS:A cross‐sectional 36‐item survey was administered to 1084 readmitted inpatients of The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (an urban academic medical center) and Penn Presbyterian Medical Center (an urban community hospital) between November 10, 2010 and July 5, 2011. The survey response rate was 32.9%.RESULTS:The most commonly reported issues contributing to readmission were: 1) feeling unprepared for discharge (11.8%); 2) difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) (10.6%); 3) trouble adhering to discharge medications (5.7%); 4) difficulty accessing discharge medications (5.0%); and 5) lack of social support (4.7%). Low‐socioeconomic status (SES) (defined as uninsured or Medicaid) patients were more likely than high‐SES patients to report difficulty understanding (odds ratio [OR] 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 6.6) and executing (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1, 4.4) discharge instructions, difficulty adhering to medications (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2, 3.0), lack of social support (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2, 3.6), lack of basic resources (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1, 6.1), and substance abuse (OR 6.7; 95% CI 2.3, 19.2).CONCLUSIONS:Patients reported transition challenges which they believe contribute to illness relapse and readmission. Interventions designed to address these challenges, and tailored for patient characteristics such as SES, may better address the root causes of readmission. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Home video unit transforms itself to adapt to the shift to digital consumption
Authors: Dasgupta Tathagata 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRising to the challenges presented by drastically changing consumer consumption patterns that resulted from ever‐evolving technology, a lackluster economy, and increasing competition, the home video business unit of a major film studio embarked on a series of initiatives that sprang from global transformation workshops delivered to cross‐functional, cross‐hierarchical teams. As a result of those efforts, the organization was realigned as a supply‐chain management unit and saved millions of dollars by avoiding excess production. Meanwhile, employees at all levels acquired mastery of continuous improvement tools to ensure that top management's vision of flexibility and large‐scale efficiencies would be disseminated throughout the organization well into the future. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrating workplace affect with psychological contract breach and employees' attitudes
Authors: Arain Ghulam Ali , Hameed Imran , Farooq Omer 
Published: August 2012

AbstractContributing to the exploration of the role of emotions/affect in the employee‐employer relationship, a study of 250 white‐collar and blue‐collar workers from eight public‐ and private‐sector organizations in Pakistan integrated affective reactions (psychological contract violation and affective commitment) with the concept of psychological contract breach and work attitudes. The researchers found that affective reactions are elicited by employees' experience of breach of psychological contract and have negative effects on work attitudes, specifically job satisfaction and turnover intention. Their results, which may be generalized to other developing countries in South Asia, also showed that affective reactions mediate the direct relationship between psychological contract breach and workplace attitudes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interpreting the success of Zappos.com, Four Seasons, and Nordstrom: Customer centricity is but one‐third of the job
Authors: Kopelman Richard E. , Chiou Andy Y. , Lipani Louis J. , Zhu Zhu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCan organizations that are noted for outstanding customer service rely solely on their remarkable customer‐centricity to achieve success? An analysis incorporating Internet‐based surveys, traditional measures of customer satisfaction and financial performance, and an examination of the practices at three exceptionally successful customer‐focused companies—Zappos.com, Four Seasons, and Nordstrom—shows that an emphasis on employee satisfaction and productivity also play key roles in organizational excellence. Management practices at these firms illustrate the validity of the Cube One framework, which posits that a combination of customer‐, employee‐, and productivity‐directed practices drives organizational performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glacially derived material in an Inner Mongolian desert lake during Marine Isotope Stage 2
Authors: Selvaraj Kandasamy , Chen Chen‐Tung Arthur , Babu C. Prakash , Lou Jiann‐Yuh , Liu Ching‐Ling , Hsu Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEstablishing the precise timing of continental glacial dynamics and abrupt high‐latitude climate events is crucial to understanding the causes of global climate change. Here we present multi‐proxy records in a lake sediment core from arid Inner Mongolia (Wuliangsuhai Lake) that show two distinct glacially derived sedimentation events at ∼26.2–21.8 and ∼17.3–11.5k cal a BP. Fine sediments from the Last Glacial Maximum separate these glacially derived coarse sediments. Within these intervals, the occurrence of granite clasts at ∼24–23.5, 17.3–17 and 15.6–14.1k cal a BP implies either sediment discharge by meltwater as well as strong current flow in the Yellow River and/or sediment influx through hill‐slope mass wasting and landsliding from the nearby Yin Mountains. Surface microfeatures of quartz grains and spot elemental analysis of black specks in these intervals, however, indicate that physical weathering is dominant and that the provenance of the rocks is probably from a glacial source. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time glacier‐derived materials have been detected in any desert lake in the Yellow River basin. The occurrence of granite clasts roughly correlates with Heinrich events in the North Atlantic, suggesting synchronous ice sheet dynamics in high‐ and mid‐latitude regions during the Last Glacial period. Although our data provide unprecedented evidence for the influence of glacier‐related processes in arid Inner Mongolia, further well‐dated records are clearly needed to re‐evaluate the correlative inference drawn between granite clast layers in Wuliangsuhai Lake and Heinrich events in the North Atlantic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation and phenolic profiles of two rare olive oils from southern Tunisia: Dhokar and Gemri‐Dhokar cultivars
Authors: Rigane Ghayth , Ayadi Mohamed , Boukhris Maher , Sayadi Sami , Bouaziz Mohamed 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to study the chemical characteristics of two Tunisian cultivars, namely Dhokar and Gemri‐Dhokar, to analyse the fatty acids, sterols, triacylglycerols, triterpenic alcohols, and to determine the phenolic composition and oxidative stability.RESULTS: Among the rare varieties, Gemri‐Dhokar olive oil had the highest value of oleic acid (69.39%) whereas Dhokar oil was noteworthy for its lower content of phenolic compounds (94.56 mg kg−1 gallic acid equivalents of oil) and presented the highest level of palmitic acid (19.37%). The main sterols found in all olive oil samples were β‐sitosterol and Δ5‐avenasterol, whereas cholesterol and 24‐methylenecholesterol were also found in all samples but in lower amounts. Two triterpenic dialcohols (erythrodiol and uvaol) were also detected and their content ranged from 1.45 to 2.30%, in Gemri‐Dhokar and Dhokar olive oil, respectively. Ten phenolic compounds were identified. In all samples, the main phenols found were oleuropein aglycon and pinoresinol. These phenolic compounds showed significant correlations with oxidative stability.CONCLUSION: The analytical parameters of two oils that were determined in this study were greatly influenced by genetic factors (cultivar). © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of endogenous antioxidative compounds and antioxidant activities of lager beers
Authors: Zhao Haifeng , Li Huipin , Sun Guifang , Yang Bao , Zhao Mouming 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Flavour stability is increasingly becoming the limiting factor in the shelf life of beer. Increasing the antioxidant activity of beer itself could suppress the rate of oxidative reaction and improve the flavour stability of beer. This report describes the levels of phenolic compounds, melanoidins and sulfur dioxide, and antioxidant activities of 40 lager beers. The relationships between antioxidative compounds and antioxidant activity were elucidated by multivariate analysis techniques.RESULTS: The results showed that the total phenolic content and the melanoidins content correlated well (P < 0.05) with antioxidant activity, while there was no significant correlation (P > 0.05) between total sulfur dioxide content and antioxidant activity. Satisfactory discrimination among beer samples with significantly different antioxidant activity was achieved by principal component analysis. Results from stepwise linear regression further demonstrated that different antioxidative components responsible for antioxidant activity were dependent on the assay used. The phenolic compound group is by far the most antioxidative compounds in beer and total phenolic content, melanoidins and sulfur dioxide together made a 22–68% contribution to the antioxidant activities of beers.CONCLUSION: Therefore, it might be an efficient means for brewers to increase total phenolic content during brewing for improvement in flavour stability of the final beer. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry