bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landforms and the geological evolution of the Vale of York during the Late Devensian
Authors: Fairburn W. A. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARY

Preliminary landform mapping over the York terminal moraine showed that persistent terraces on the sides of the moraine are strandlines that must have formed during regression of pro-glacial Lake Humber. Of widespread significance is a conspicuous shoreline between 30 and 35 m above OD that lasted for sufficient time to develop both erosional and depositional lacustrine terraces. This surface is contemporaneous with the 100 Foot Strandline mapped on the western side of the Vale of York, on the Permian escarpment. Between the Escrick and York moraines there are two additional major strandlines, with associated littoral and lacustrine deposits, that effectively subdivide the fluvioglacial sediments of the Vale of York into three offlapping planar landforms, with lateral erosional contacts independent of lithology. Above the 100 Foot Strandline, mounds and ridges of till form prominent landmarks, such as Severs Howe near York. The North Sea ice could not have plugged the Humber mouth until the Vale of York glacier had formed the York Moraine, and must have remained long enough for a prolonged stillstand of Lake Humber at
c.
33 m above OD. Subsequent stillstands, recorded on the southern face of the York Moraine at
c.
20 m and
c.
14 m above OD (lowering to
c.
15 m and
c.
10 m above OD at Escrick), mark stages in the unplugging of the Humber mouth from either ice or till. The mapping also suggests that the Crockey Hill ‘esker’ consists of erosional remnants, preserved on interfluves, of a fluvial gravel sheet.
John Phillips and the British Silurian Crinoidea: 170 years of monographic endeavour
Authors: Donovan S. K. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARY

John Samuel Miller’s
A Natural History of the Crinoidea or Lily-Shaped Animals
… (1821), the first monograph of the fossil crinoids, included only three species from what we would now call the British Silurian. The first monographic study devoted to the British Silurian crinoids was by John Phillips (
in
Murchison’s
The Silurian System
, 1839), who described 14 species (eleven new), all from the Wenlock Series of the area around Dudley. These were conservatively placed in five genera,
Cyathocrinites
Miller,
Marsupiocrinites
Phillips,
Hypanthocrinites
Phillips,
Actinocrinites
Miller and
Dimerocrinites
Phillips; the same species are now divided between eleven genera. Eight of these taxa are type species, but none is now classified as either
Cyathocrinites
or
Actinocrinites. Hypanthocrinites
is a junior synonym of
Eucalyptocrinites
Goldfuss. The illustrations in Phillips, drawn by J. de C. Sowerby, were much superior to Miller’s plates, but lacked his innovative ‘exploded’ diagrams.
Carbonate facies and biostromal distribution in a tectonically controlled platform in northwest Ireland during the late Viséan (Mississippian)
Authors: Somerville Ian D. , Cózar Pedro , Aretz Markus , Herbig Hans-Georg , Mitchell W. Ian , Medina-Varea Paula 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARY

The North–West Carboniferous Basin (NWCB) contains a
c.
3 km-thick succession of Mississippian (Courceyan to Arnsbergian) limestone, mudstone and sandstone, mostly of marine origin. The litho- and biostratigraphy of some sections in the basin are revised and new logged sections described in upper Viséan, limestone-dominated platform successions. In the O’Donnell’s Rock area, a precise correlation of the Glencar Limestone Formation with the lower part of the Bricklieve Limestone Formation, and the Dartry Limestone Formation with the upper part of the Bricklieve Limestone Formation is confirmed. Consequently, in late Viséan (Asbian) times the NWCB developed as an extensive (>12,000 km
2
) carbonate platform, in which sediments of the facies typical of outer, middle and inner parts of the platform were deposited. The Asbian rocks of this platform contain abundant solitary and fasciculate rugose corals, with laterally persistent biostromes dominated by different species of
Siphonodendron
. Evidence of regional uplift and subaerial exposure occurs at the top of the Dartry Limestone/Bricklieve Limestone formations, especially in the northern half of the platform. The base of the succeeding Meenymore Formation is defined by a change from marine limestone below an erosional disconformity surface, to sediments deposited on a sabkha and in supra-tidal–peritidal facies. Evolution of the platform was controlled, in part, by syn-sedimentary faults, which allowed different thicknesses of sediment to accumulate. Between the margins of the NWCB there existed a turbid carbonate platform with relatively shallow to moderately deep water characterized by impoverished microfaunal assemblages. The platform margin extended SE into deeper water facies of the Dublin Basin.
The geology of the Corallian ridge (Upper Jurassic) between Gilling East and North Grimston, Howardian Hills, North Yorkshire
Authors: Wright J. K. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARY
The northern edge of the Howardian Hills, running for 25 km from Gilling East to North Grimston, North Yorkshire, comprises a near-continuous ridge of Oxfordian limestones and calcareous sandstones, here termed the Corallian ridge. These strata rise gently from the Vale of Pickering up to a steep scarp face which overlooks underlying Oxford Clay to the south. The limestones and sandstones belong to the Corallian Group, which in the Howardian Hills includes the Lower Calcareous Grit, Coralline Oolite and Upper Calcareous Grit formations. The Lower Calcareous Grit Formation comprises a succession of fine-grained, calcareous or spicular, siliceous sandstones, and forms a prominent feature. The Coralline Oolite Formation underlies gently rolling hills leading down to the Vale of Pickering, and is composed of a series of oolitic and fine-grained limestones with subordinate calcareous sandstones and sandy limestones. The Upper Calcareous Grit is represented here largely by calcareous strata, the North Grimston Cementstone, and is only exposed in faulted inliers to the south. The sequence was laid down in a tectonically active area, and movement of faults during deposition of the strata in the Mid Oxfordian led to marked changes in thickness and lithology across the area. Complications caused by these penecontemporaneous movements have meant that, though the outcrop has been investigated by numerous geologists over the last 150 years, the exact sequence of strata present and its correlation with the Corallian sequence on the north side of the Vale of Pickering have long presented problems. Much that was uncertain about the geology of the area has been resolved through detailed mapping of the area west of Malton.
Chadian (Tournaisian – Viséan, Carboniferous) ammonoids from the Milldale Limestone Formation of the southern Peak District, England
Authors: Tilsley J. W. , Korn D. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARY

Ammonoids from the Chadian Waulsortian mud-mounds of the Peak District (Derbyshire and Staffordshire) have been examined utilizing new collections and additional museum material. The genera
Fascipericyclus
,
Ammonellipsites
,
Helicocyclus
,
Dzhaprakoceras
,
Eonomismoceras
,
Polaricyclus
and
Merocanites
are present. One new species,
Eonomismoceras wettonense
sp. nov., is described. The independent status of
Fascipericyclus fasciculatus
and
F. furcatus
is confirmed.
Algorithms Construction for Variational Inequalities
Authors: Yao Yonghong , Liou Yeong-Cheng , Kang Shin Min 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe devote this paper to solving the variational inequality of finding "Equation missing" with property "Equation missing" such that "Equation missing" for all "Equation missing". Note that this hierarchical problem is associated with some convex programming problems. For solving the above VI, we suggest two algorithms: Implicit Algorithmml: "Equation missing" for all "Equation missing" and Explicit Algorithm: "Equation missing" for all "Equation missing". It is shown that these two algorithms converge strongly to the unique solution of the above VI. As special cases, we prove that the proposed algorithms strongly converge to the minimum norm fixed point of "Equation missing".
Dependence on the MUC1-C Oncoprotein in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Raina Deepak , Kosugi Michio , Ahmad Rehan , Panchamoorthy Govind , Rajabi Hasan , Alam Maroof , Shimamura Takeshi , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Supko Jeffrey , Kharbanda Surender , Kufe Donald 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells are often associated with constitutive activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) → Akt → mTOR pathway. The mucin 1 (MUC1) heterodimeric glycoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in NSCLC cells and induces gene signatures that are associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. The present results show that the MUC1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) cytoplasmic domain associates with PI3K p85 in NSCLC cells. We show that inhibition of MUC1-C with cell-penetrating peptides blocks this interaction with PI3K p85 and suppresses constitutive phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream effector, mTOR. In concert with these results, treatment of NSCLC cells with the MUC1-C peptide inhibitor GO-203 was associated with downregulation of PI3K → Akt signaling and inhibition of growth. GO-203 treatment was also associated with increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of necrosis by a ROS-dependent mechanism. Moreover, GO-203 treatment of H1975 (EGFR L858R/T790M) and A549 (K-Ras G12S) xenografts growing in nude mice resulted in tumor regressions. These findings indicate that NSCLC cells are dependent on MUC1-C both for activation of the PI3K → Akt pathway and for survival. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(5); 806–16. ©2011 AACR.
β-Cryptoxanthin Supplementation Prevents Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Inflammation, Oxidative Damage, and Squamous Metaplasia in Ferrets
Authors: Liu Chun , Bronson Roderick T. , Russell Robert M. , Wang Xiang-Dong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn epidemiologic studies, high intake of β-cryptoxanthin has been associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer, particularly among current smokers. However, data are not available from well-controlled animal studies to examine the effects of β-cryptoxanthin on cigarette smoke-induced lung lesions, and the biological mechanisms by which β-cryptoxanthin might affect lung carcinogenesis. We evaluated the effects of β-cryptoxanthin supplementation on cigarette smoke-induced squamous metaplasia, inflammation, and changes in protein levels of proinflammatory cytokine [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)] and transcription factors [nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1)], as well as on smoke-induced oxidative DNA damage [8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] in the lung tissue of ferrets. Thirty-six male ferrets were assigned to cigarette smoke exposure or no exposure and to low-dose, or high-dose β-cryptoxanthin, or no dose (2 × 3 factorial design) for 3 months. β-Cryptoxanthin supplementation dose-dependently increased plasma and lung β-cryptoxanthin levels in ferrets, whereas cigarette smoke exposure lowered plasma and lung β-cryptoxanthin levels. β-Cryptoxanthin at both doses significantly decreased smoke-induced lung squamous metaplasia and inflammation. β-Cryptoxanthin also substantially reduced smoke-elevated TNFα levels in alveolar, bronchial, bronchiolar, and bronchial serous/mucous gland epithelial cells and in lung macrophages. Moreover, β-cryptoxanthin decreased smoke-induced activation of NF-κB, expression of AP-1 and levels of 8-OHdG. The beneficial effects of β-cryptoxanthin were stronger for high-dose β-cryptoxanthin than for low-dose β-cryptoxanthin. Data from this study indicate that β-cryptoxanthin provides a beneficial effect against cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, oxidative DNA damage and squamous metaplasia in the lungs. Cancer Prev Res; 4(8); 1255–66. ©2011 AACR.
Autonomic Remodeling in the Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins in Heart Failure
Authors: Ng Jason , Villuendas Roger , Cokic Ivan , Schliamser Jorge E. , Gordon David , Koduri Hemanth , Benefield Brandon , Simon Julia , Murthy S.N. Prasanna , Lomasney Jon W. , Wasserstrom J. Andrew , Goldberger Jeffrey J. , Aistrup Gary L. , Arora Rishi 
Published: March 2011

Background—
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly associated with congestive heart failure (CHF). The autonomic nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of both AF and CHF. We examined the role of autonomic remodeling in contributing to AF substrate in CHF.

Methods and Results—

Electrophysiological mapping was performed in the pulmonary veins and left atrium in 38 rapid ventricular–paced dogs (CHF group) and 39 control dogs under the following conditions: vagal stimulation, isoproterenol infusion, β-adrenergic blockade, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (physostigmine), parasympathetic blockade, and double autonomic blockade. Explanted atria were examined for nerve density/distribution, muscarinic receptor and β-adrenergic receptor densities, and AChE activity. In CHF dogs, there was an increase in nerve bundle size, parasympathetic fibers/bundle, and density of sympathetic fibrils and cardiac ganglia, all preferentially in the posterior left atrium/pulmonary veins. Sympathetic hyperinnervation was accompanied by increases in β
1
-adrenergic receptor R density and in sympathetic effect on effective refractory periods and activation direction. β-Adrenergic blockade slowed AF dominant frequency. Parasympathetic remodeling was more complex, resulting in increased AChE activity, unchanged muscarinic receptor density, unchanged parasympathetic effect on activation direction and decreased effect of vagal stimulation on effective refractory period (restored by AChE inhibition). Parasympathetic blockade markedly decreased AF duration.

Conclusions—
In this heart failure model, autonomic and electrophysiological remodeling occurs, involving the posterior left atrium and pulmonary veins. Despite synaptic compensation, parasympathetic hyperinnervation contributes significantly to AF maintenance. Parasympathetic and/or sympathetic signaling may be possible therapeutic targets for AF in CHF.
Cardiac Sympathetic Reserve and Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Cha Yong-Mei , Chareonthaitawee Panithaya , Dong Ying-Xue , Kemp Bradley J. , Oh Jae K. , Miyazaki Chinami , Hayes David L. , Rea Robert F. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Webster Tracy L. , Dalzell Connie M. , Hodge David O. , Herges Regina M. , Yong Yan-zhong , Zhang Yanhua , Chen Peng-Sheng 
Published: March 2011

Background—
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on cardiac autonomic function.

Methods and Results—

This prospective study included 45 consecutive patients with heart failure who received CRT devices with defibrillator and 20 age-matched, healthy control subjects. At baseline and 3 months and 6 months after CRT, we assessed New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, 6-minute walk distance, plasma sympathetic biomarker nerve growth factor, echocardiography, heart rate variability and cardiac presynaptic sympathetic function determined by iodine 123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. After CRT, NYHA class improved by 1 class (
P
<0.001), and left ventricular ejection fraction increased by 8% (
P
<0.001). Along with improvement in the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal R-R intervals (85.63±31.66 ms versus 114.79±38.99 ms;
P
=0.004) and the standard deviation of the averaged normal-to-normal R-R intervals (82.62±23.03 ms versus 100.50±34.87 ms;
P
=0.004), the delayed heart/mediastinum (H/M) ratio increased (1.82 [0.58] versus 1.97 [0.59];
P
=0.03), whereas the mean (SD) H/M washout rate was reduced (48% [19%] versus 37% [22%];
P
=0.01). Twenty-two of 45 study patients responded to CRT, with a reduction of left ventricular end-systolic volume index >15%. Compared with nonresponders, responders had a higher delayed H/M ratio (2.11 versus 1.48;
P
=0.003) and lower H/M washout rate (37% versus 62%;
P
=0.003) at baseline.

Conclusions—
CRT improved sympathetic function. Cardiac sympathetic reserve may be a marker for the reversibility of failing myocardial function.
Dilatation and Dysfunction of the Right Ventricle Immediately After Ultraendurance Exercise
Authors: Oxborough David , Shave Robert , Warburton Darren , Williams Karen , Oxborough Adele , Charlesworth Sarah , Foulds Heather , Hoffman Martin D. , Birch Karen , George Keith 
Published: March 2011

Background—
Running an ultramarathon has been shown to have a transient negative effect on right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function. Additionally, recent findings suggested that ultraendurance athletes may be more at risk of developing a RV cardiomyopathy. The standard echocardiographic assessment of RV function is problematic; however, the introduction of ultrasonic speckle tracking technology has the potential to yield a comprehensive evaluation of RV longitudinal function, providing new insights into this phenomenon. Thus, the primary aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate comprehensively RV structure and function after a 161-km ultramarathon and establish whether changes in the RV are associated with alterations in LV function.

Methods and Results—

Myocardial speckle tracking echocardiograms of the RV and LV were obtained before and immediately after a 161-km ultramarathon in 16 healthy adults. Standard echocardiography was used to determine RV size and function and LV eccentricity index. Speckle tracking was used to determine the temporal evaluation of indices of RV and LV function. RV size was significantly increased postrace (RV outflow, 32 to 35 mm,
P
=0.002; RV inflow, 42 to 45 mm,
P
=0.027) with an increase in LV eccentricity index (1.03 to 1.13,
P
=0.006). RV strain (ε) was significantly reduced postrace (−27% to −24%,
P
=0.004), but there was no change in the rates of ε. Peak ε in all planes of LV motion were reduced postrace (longitudinal, −18.3 to −16.3%,
P
=0.012; circumferential, −20.2% to −15.7%,
P
=0.001; radial, 53.4% to 40.3%,
P
=0.009). Changes in RV size and function correlated with diastolic strain rates in the LV.

Conclusions—
This exploratory study demonstrates RV dilatation and reduction in function after an ultramarathon. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these findings. It is not clear what clinical impact might result from consecutive bouts of postexercise RV dysfunction.
Microcosming the Nahah: Mayy Ziyādah’s Salon as a Hybrid Space
Authors: Khaldi Boutheina 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article delineates the actual role played by Mayy Ziyādah, not only as a salonnière, but also as an intellectual in her own right with a significant role in the Nahah in twentieth-century Egypt. As her name is most often associated with the salon, I will demonstrate the intellectual climate of that salon, its capacity to bring together different factions and to emerge thereby as a microcosm of the Nahah, in its complexity and hybrid nature. With these goals in mind, I will draw on an extensive amount of material, supported by a theoretical framework that helps in envisioning the salon as a public sphere.
The ardiyyahs of Ibn al-Mu‘tazz: Breakthrough into Lyricism
Authors: Stetkevych Jaroslav 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study presents an analytical review of the genre of the “hunt-poem” (ardiyyah) at the hand of the ‘Abbāsid poet Ibn al-Mu‘tazz (d. 296/908). It is in this period that the genre of the ardiyyah reaches its second apogee after the great pioneering Abū Nuwās. After dealing with issues of genre and prosody (rajaz versus the qaīdah meters), the study focuses its critical attention on Ibn al-Mu‘tazz’s overcoming of the strictly formulaic opening lyrical phrasing of the majority of the ardiyyahs, especially as the genre was formalized by Abū Nuwās. It is in overcoming the limitations of the formulaism of Abū Nuwās, which does not do justice to the genre’s lyrical promise, that Ibn al-Mu‘tazz achieves his breakthrough into lyricism and a reinvigoration of the genre. Through a close reading and translation of the Arabic texts, the study presents a careful identification of the variants of lyricism in Ibn al-Mu‘tazz’s repertory of the ardiyyah genre.
Die Finanzbeziehungen zwischen Alexander von Humboldt und den Mendelssohns
Authors: Panwitz Sebastian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe continuous substantial and flexible material support of the bankers Joseph and Alexander Mendelssohn were of essential importance for Alexander von Humboldt's outstanding scientific expeditions and his work as a publicist, coordinator and supporter of fellow scientist and scientific projects in Berlin for decades. New sources present this support of Humboldt by the Mendelssohns in all its depth and variety. At the same time, the enduring funding of one of Prussia's most important Bildungsbürger clearly illustrates that the business policy of the Mendelssohn bankers was based on a canon of values in which the acceptance of responsibility in different fields of society were of equal importance as pure economic success.
Maritime Enforcement of United Nations Security Council Resolutions: Use of Force and Coercive Measures
Authors: Keyuan ZOU 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Charter of the United Nations designates the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) as one of the principal organs of the United Nations, assuming the “primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security”. It has the power to determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression, to make recommendations, and decide what measures should be taken to maintain or restore international peace and security. This article addresses a number of issues concerning how the UNSC Resolutions are enforced at sea in accordance with applicable international law and makes special reference to the circumstances in East Asia, particularly the Korean Peninsula.
Establishment of the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf: Is Crossing Boundaries Trespassing?
Authors: Kunoy Bjørn 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article examines whether State A may cross a continental shelf boundary in order to utilize a feature of the physical continental margin that is situated within the dominion of State B for the purpose of establishing the outer limits of its continental shelf. Given that a continental shelf boundary delimits, mutatis mutandis, the spatial powers of States, as a land boundary, in conjunction with the international framework as set out in the Law of the Sea Convention, it is concluded that it is not consistent with the Law of the Sea Convention for coastal State A to base its entitlement to the outer continental shelf on a generative feature that is located on a feature of the physical continental margin that is situated within the dominion of coastal State B.
Sir Hersch Lauterpacht and Poland’s Judges at the International Court: Judge Bohdan Winiarski
Authors: Skubiszewski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn a conference devoted to Sir Hersch Lauterpacht one would be remiss to neglect all the other important judges of Polish origin, whose work and ideas influenced and were influenced by those of Sir Hersch Lauterpacht. The present article outlines the main ideas and contributions of Judge Bohdan Winiarski in an era of great turbulence but also of great strides in the evolution of the system of public international law.