bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glacier retreat and landform production on an overdeepened glacier foreland: the debris‐charged glacial landsystem at Kvíárjökull, Iceland
Authors: Bennett Georgina L. , Evans David J. A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTGlacier recession and landform development in a debris‐charged glacial landsystem characterized by an overdeepening is quantified using digital photogrammetry, digital elevation model (DEM) construction and mapping of the Icelandic glacier Kvíárjökull for the period 1945–2003. Melting of ice‐cores is recorded by surface lowering rates of 0·8 m yr–1 (1945–1964), 0·3 m yr–1 (1964–1980), 0·015 m yr–1 (1980–1998) and 0·044 m yr–1 (1998–2003). The distribution/preservation of pushed and stacked ice‐cored moraine complexes are determined by the location of the long‐term glacial drainage network in combination with retreat from the overdeepening, into which glacifluvial sediment is being directed and where debris‐rich ice masses are being reworked and replaced by esker networks produced in englacial meltwater pathways that bypassed the overdeepening and connected to outwash fans prograding over the snout. Recent accelerated retreat of Kvíárjökull, potentially due to increased mass balance sensitivity, has made the snout highly unstable, especially now that the overdeepening is being uncovered and the snout flooded by an expanding pro‐glacial, and partially supraglacial, lake. This case study indicates that thick sequences of debris‐charged basal ice/controlled moraine have a very low preservation potential but ice‐cored moraine complexes can develop into hummocky moraine belts in de‐glaciated terrains because they are related to the process of incremental stagnation, which at Kvíárjökull has involved periodic switches from transport‐dominant to ablation‐dominant conditions. Glacier recession is therefore recorded temporally and spatially by two suites of landforms relating to two phases of landform production which are likely typical for glaciers occupying overdeepenings: an early phase of active, temperate recession recorded by push moraines and lateral moraines and unconfined pro‐glacial meltwater drainage; and a later phase of incremental stagnation and pitted outwash head development initiated by the increasing topographic constraints of the latero‐frontal moraine arc and the increasing importance of the overdeepening as a depo‐centre. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bats at risk? Bat activity and insecticide residue analysis of food items in an apple orchard
Authors: Stahlschmidt Peter , Brühl Carsten A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Although bats are reported as being threatened by pesticides, they are currently not considered in European Union pesticide risk assessments. The reason for that contradiction is probably related to the scarcity of information on bat activity in pesticide-treated fields and the pesticide residues on their food items. The authors recorded bat activity and measured pesticide residues on bat-specific food items following applications of two insecticides in an apple orchard. High activity levels of the common pipistrelle bat, a foraging habitat generalist, were detected. Airborne foragers and bats that take part of their food by gleaning arthropods from the vegetation were recorded frequently. The initial value and the decline of pesticide residues were found to depend on the arthropod type, their surface to volume ratio, their mobility, and the mode of action of the applied pesticide. The highest initial residue values were measured on foliage-dwelling arthropods. By following the toxicity-exposure ratio approaches of the current pesticide risk assessment, no acute dietary risk was found for all recorded bat species. However, a potential reproductive risk for bat species that include foliage-dwelling arthropods in their diet was indicated. The results emphasize the importance of adequately evaluating the risks of pesticides to bats, which, compared to other mammals, are potentially more sensitive due to their ecological traits. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1556–1563. © 2012 SETAC
Proliferating seed cones in Metasequoia glyptostroboidesHu & Cheng (Cupressaceae s.l., Coniferales) elucidate the evolution of seed cones and ovules in Cupressaceae s.l.
Authors: Dörken Veit Martin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractProliferating seed cones are frequent in extant conifers. However, most proliferations are not useful for elucidating evolutionary scenarios, representing only chaotic mutations or a proliferation of the cone axis. In contrast the proliferating cones in Metasequoia studied here do not show a simple modification of a well understood pattern but show a known pattern with features that do not normally appear. A correct interpretation might allow a new hypothesis about the evolution of seed cones and ovules in conifers. In these proliferated Metasequoia seed cones several cone scales carried axillary, leafy short shoots instead of ovules. In most Cupressaceae, the shoot subtending the ovule – the so called seed scale – can no longer be detected. In proliferated seed cones a leafy short shoot replaces the ovules. This kind of proliferation can be regarded as an atavism, assuming that the sterile leaves on this short shoot represent transformed sterile ovules. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the ovules in the axil of cone scales and the leaves formed on short shoots show a similarly centripetal or acropetal developmental pattern (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Third‐order sensitivity analysis for robust aerodynamic design using continuous adjoint
Authors: Papadimitriou D. I. , Giannakoglou K. C. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYRobust design problems in aerodynamics are associated with the design variables, which control the shape of an aerodynamic body, and also with the so‐called environmental variables, which account for uncertainties. In this kind of problems, the set of design variables, which leads to optimal performance, taking into account possible variations in the environmental variables, is sought. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is by means of the second‐order second‐moment approach, which requires first‐order and second‐order derivatives of the objective function with respect to the environmental variables. Should the minimization problem be solved using a gradient‐based method, algorithms for the computation of up to third‐order sensitivity derivatives (twice with respect to the environmental variables and once with respect to the shape controlling design variables) must be devised. In this paper, a combination of the continuous adjoint variable method and direct differentiation to compute the third‐order sensitivities is proposed. This is shown to be the most efficient among all alternative methods provided that the environmental variables are much less than the design ones. Apart from presenting the method formulation, this paper focuses on the assessment of the so‐computed up‐to third‐order mixed derivatives through comparison with costly finite‐difference schemes. To this end, the robust design of a two‐dimensional duct is performed. Then, using the validated method, the robust design of a two‐dimensional cascade airfoil is demonstrated. Although both cases are handled as inverse design problems, the method can be extended to other objective functions or three‐dimensional problems in a straightforward manner. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and use of a laboratory rig for the study of the chemical‐physical effects on aquatic environments of potential seepage from CO2 storage sites
Authors: Caramanna G. , Wei Y. , Maroto‐Valer M. M. , Nathanail Paul , Steven M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn sub‐seabed storage, CO2 is injected under the seafloor in geological structures that are able to trap and retain it. Even if the overall procedure is considered safe, the effects of potential seepage must be addressed in order to develop a reliable risk assessment of the process.This study focuses on the effects of CO2 seepage on the chemistry of sediments and on the overlying water column in shallow‐water environments. To study these effects, an experimental rig was designed, fabricated, and tested. The main unit of the rig is a transparent Plexiglas vertical cylindrical vessel that can be filled with sediment in the bottom section and water in the upper part. CO2 is injected as gas from the bottom through nozzles fed by a CO2 cylinder. Sensors are used to monitor the variation of the main physical and chemical properties of water and sediments. Gas, water, and sediment samples can be collected for further analysis.The results highlight a fast response of the system to the injected CO2 with a sharp reduction of the pH values of the interstitial water inside the sediments; once the injection stops, a recovery toward the initial values is recorded. The water above the sediment is also affected by the presence of CO2; in this case the gas‐water interaction is controlled by the water movements induced by the rising bubble column. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Increased likelihood of long‐term gastrostomy tube dependence in head and neck cancer survivors without partners
Authors: Magnuson J. Scott , Durst Jennifer , Rosenthal Eben L. , Carroll William R. , Ritchie Christine S. , Kilgore Meredith L. , Locher Julie L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated factors associated with long‐term dependence on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐four patients receiving treatment at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between 2002 and 2004 who underwent PEG tube placement were identified through retrospective review of medical records. Using binary logistic regression, we evaluated the association of various factors on long‐term dependence on PEG tubes.ResultsA total of 25.3% of survivors remained PEG tube‐dependent at 12 months. The odds of long‐term PEG tube‐dependence were greater for those who did not have partners compared with those who had partners (odds ratio [OR], 3.33; p = .004), for patients who received radiation therapy (OR, 6.21; p = .018), and for those who had a tracheotomy in place for longer than 30 days (OR, 4.328; p = .035).ConclusionData suggest that interventions targeted at reducing long‐term dependence on PEG tubes take into account not only treatment‐related factors, but also the important role that social support plays. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Impact of six fruits—banana, guava, mangosteen, pineapple, ripe mango and ripe papaya—on murine hepatic cytochrome P450 activities
Authors: Chatuphonprasert Waranya , Jarukamjorn Kanokwan 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe effects of six Thai fruits, namely banana, guava, mangosteen, pineapple, ripe mango and ripe papaya, on cytochrome P450 (P450) activities were investigated. The median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of each of the fruit juices on CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A11 activities were determined. Pineapple juice showed the strongest inhibitory effect against all the evaluated P450 isozyme activities in mouse hepatic microsomes, followed by mangosteen, guava, ripe mango, ripe papaya and banana. The study was further performed in male ICR mice given pineapple juice intragastrically at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg kg−1 per day for 7 or 28 days. In a concentration‐dependent fashion, the pineapple juice raised ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase, aniline hydroxylase and erythromycin N‐demethylase activities, which are marker enzymatic reactions responsible for CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and CYP3A11, respectively. The effect of pineapple juice on the expression of CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and CYP3A11 mRNAs corresponded to their enzymatic activities. However, the pineapple juice significantly decreased methoxyresorufin O‐demethylase activity. These observations supported that the six Thai fruits were a feasible cause of food–drug interaction or adverse drug effects owing to their potential to modify several essential P450 activities. Individuals consuming large quantities of pineapple for long periods of time should be cautioned of these potential adverse effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uniform Semi‐Latin Squares and Their Schur‐Optimality
Authors: Soicher Leonard H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLetnandkbe integers, withand. Ansemi‐Latin squareSis anarray, whose entries arek‐subsets of an‐set, the set ofsymbolsofS, such that each symbol ofSis in exactly one entry in each row and exactly one entry in each column ofS. Semi‐Latin squares form an interesting class of combinatorial objects which are useful in the design of comparative experiments. We say that ansemi‐Latin squareSisuniformif there is a constant μ such that any two entries ofS, not in the same row or column, intersect in exactly μ symbols (in which case). We prove that a uniformsemi‐Latin square is Schur‐optimal in the class ofsemi‐Latin squares, and so is optimal (for use as an experimental design) with respect to a very wide range of statistical optimality criteria. We give a simple construction to make ansemi‐Latin squareSfrom a transitive permutation groupGof degreenand order, and show how certain properties ofScan be determined from permutation group properties ofG. IfGis 2‐transitive thenSis uniform, and this provides us with Schur‐optimal semi‐Latin squares for many values ofnandkfor which optimalsemi‐Latin squares were previously unknown for any optimality criterion. The existence of a uniformsemi‐Latin square for all integersis shown to be equivalent to the existence ofmutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLS) of ordern. Although there are not even two MOLS of order 6, we construct uniform, and hence Schur‐optimal,semi‐Latin squares for all integers. & 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Combin. Designs 00: 1–13, 2012
Ultrastructure and morphology of the cycliophoran female
Authors: Neves Ricardo Cardoso , Møbjerg Kristensen Reinhardt , Funch Peter 
Published: April 2012

AbstractKnowledge on the morphology of the cycliophoran female has mostly been based on observations of immature females in brood chambers of feeding stages. With the use of light‐ and transmission electron microscopy, the morphology and ultrastructure of the free and fully mature female of Cycliophora is described now for the first time. The external morphology is characterized by a ciliation consisting of an anteroventral ciliated field, a posterior ciliated tuft, and four sensory structures extending anteriorly from the anteroventral ciliated field. In addition, a small ciliated structure in the midventral region is interpreted as a round‐shaped gonopore. Internally, a bilateral cerebral ganglion is situated in the anterior region and a large oocyte is located medially in the body. Several glands are present anteriorly, while posteriorly a pair of glands is associated with the ciliated tuft. Dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles, as well as, dorsoventral muscles are identified by electron microscopy. Muscle fibers attach to the endocuticle via the epidermis, by means of attachment fibers. An unknown endosymbiont is present throughout the body of the female. We discuss the functional implications of the morphological and ultrastructural aspects of the cycliophoran female. Finally, we compare this life cycle stage with that fromother phyla, suggested as phylogenetically close. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscle fibers in the central nervous system of nemerteans: Spatial organization and functional role
Authors: Petrov A.A. , Zaitseva O.V. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe system of muscle fibers associated with the brain and lateral nerve cords is present in all major groups of enoplan nemerteans. Unfortunately, very little is known about the functional role and spatial arrangement of these muscles of the central nervous system. This article examines the architecture of the musculature of the central nervous system in two species of monostiliferous nemerteans (Emplectonema gracile and Tetrastemma cf. candidum) using phalloidin staining and confocal microscopy. The article also briefly discusses the body‐wall musculature and the muscles of the cephalic region. In both species, the lateral nerve cords possess two pairs of cardinal muscles that run the length of the nerve cords and pass through the ventral cerebral ganglia. A system of peripheral muscles forms a meshwork around the lateral nerve cords in E. gracile. The actin‐rich processes that ramify within the nerve cords in E. gracile (transverse fibers) might represent a separate population of glia‐like cells or sarcoplasmic projections of the peripheral muscles of the central nervous system. The lateral nerve cords in T. cf. candidum lack peripheral muscles but have muscles similar in their position and orientation to the transverse fibers. The musculature of the central nervous system is hypothesized to function as a support system for the lateral nerve cords and brain, preventing rupturing and herniation of the nervous tissue during locomotion. The occurrence of muscles of the central nervous system in nemerteans and other groups and their possible relevance in taxonomy are discussed. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early development of the postcranial skeleton of the pikeperch Sander lucioperca (Teleostei: Percidae) relating to developmental stages and growth
Authors: Ott Alice , Löffler Jasmin , Ahnelt, Harald , Keckeis Hubert 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe early development of the postcranial skeleton (pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, vertebral column and fins) in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) was studied from hatching to days 47 and 43 post fertilization (dpf) at two different rearing temperatures, 15.5 and 18.0°C. Four embryonic and six larval stages were described, ranging from 3.4 ± 0.3 mm to 21.8 ± 2.1 mm in total length. The crucial point in larval development is swimbladder inflation, which enables larvae to swim energy efficiently. Until this time point, only the most essential skeletal elements to enable swimming movements have developed. As the larvae become neutrally buoyant, they grow and differentiate postcranial elements rapidly. Concurrently, swimming performance and foraging success seems to improve. A specific size is correlated with a distinct developmental stage defined by a set of traits that includes the skeletal elements. The developmental sequence of skeletal structures is temperature independent, although growth is slower and the individual developmental stages are reached later at 15.5°C than at 18.0°C. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lipophilicity as a determinant of binding of procaine analogs to rat α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Cheffer Arquimedes , Mustafa Elba Vieira , Amaral Antonia T.‐do , Ulrich Henning 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been studied in detail with regard to their interaction with therapeutic and drug addiction‐related compounds. Using a structure–activity approach, we have examined the relationship among the molecular features of a set of eight para‐R‐substituted N,N‐[(dimethylamino)ethyl] benzoate hydrochlorides, structurally related to procaine and their affinity for the α3β4 nAChR heterologously expressed in KXα3β4R2 cells. Affinity values (log[1/IC50]) of these compounds for the α3β4 nAChR were determined by their competition with [3H]TCP binding. Log(1/IC50) values were analyzed considering different hydrophobic and electronic parameters and those related to molar refractivity. These have been experimentally determined or were taken from published literature. In accordance with literature observations, the generated cross‐validated quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) equations indicated a significant contribution of hydrophobic term to binding affinity of procaine analogs to the receptor and predicted affinity values for several local anesthetics (LAs) sets taken from the literature. The predicted values by using the QSAR model correlated well with the published values both for neuronal and for electroplaque nAChRs. Our work also reveals the general structure features of LAs that are important for interaction with nAChRs as well as the structural modifications that could be made to enhance binding affinity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuronal responses to an asymmetrical alternating current field can mimic those produced by an imposed direct current field in vitro
Authors: Pan Linjie , Cirillo John , Ben Borgens Richard 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe remarkable polarity‐dependent growth and anatomical organization of neurons in vitro produced by imposed direct current (DC) voltage gradients (electrical fields; Ef) can be mimicked by another type of electrical cue. This is a properly structured asymmetrical alternating current (AC) electrical field (A‐ACEf). Here we provide details on the construction of an AC signal generator in which all components of an AC waveform can be individually controlled. We show that 1) conventional symmetrical AC voltage gradients will not induce growth, guidance, or architectural changes in sympathetic neurons. We also provide the first qualitative and quantitative data showing that an asymmetric AC application can indeed mimic the DC response in chick sympathetic neurons and their growing neurites. This shift in orientation and neuronal anatomy requires dieback of some neurites and the extension of others to produce a preferred orientation perpendicular to the gradient of voltage. Our new results may lead to a noninvasive means to modify nerve growth and organization by magnetic inductive coupling at distance. These data also indicate the possibility of a means to mimic DC‐dependent release of drugs or other biologically active molecules from electrically sensitive that can be loaded with these chemical cargos. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimally invasive approaches for gastric cancer—Japanese experiences
Authors: Etoh Tsuyoshi , Inomata Masafumi , Shiraishi Norio , Kitano Seigo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSince development of laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection in 1991 in Japan, laparoscopic gastrectomy (LAG) is improving and evolving. Recently, advanced LAG techniques including D2 lymph node dissection or anastomosis after total gastrectomy have been developed. Retrospective and prospective multicenter studies have been conducted for early and non‐early gastric cancers to establish high‐quality evidence. This review summarizes the current trends of minimally invasive approaches for gastric cancer based on current Japanese experiences. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:282–288. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of circular monopole antenna with symmetrically folded stub for WLAN operation
Authors: Seo Yongseok , Jung Jinwoo , Lee Hyeonjin , Lim Yeongseog 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel and simple design of a coplanar waveguide‐fed dual‐wide band antenna formed by a circular monopole antenna with symmetrically folded stub is investigated for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications.The impedance bandwidths achieved reach about 1.27 GHz (1.92–3.19 GHz) 58.8% at the center frequency of 2.16 and 0.76 GHz (5.01–5.74 GHz) 13.3% at the center frequency of 5.47 GHz. These characteristics meet the required bandwidth specifications of IEEE 802.11a/b/g. The peak antenna gains for the operating frequencies across dual WLAN bands are measured to be 6.30 and 5.16 dBi, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1549–1552, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26845