bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scanning electron microscopic and photon absorptiometric study of the development, prolongation, and pattern of recovery from lactation-induced osteopenia in Rats
Authors: Hagaman John R. , Ambrose Wallace W. , Hirsch Philip F. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Measurements by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of femoral hemisections confirmed and amplified results by single-photon absorptiometry that had shown a marked increase in lactation osteopenia in rats fed a low-calcium diet (LCD, 0.04% Ca) as compared with a medium-(adequate) calcium diet (ACD, 0.4% Ca). SEM of bones from rats at the end of lactation on either diet showed a large loss of trabecular bone, increased porosity of endosteal surfaces, and cortical thinning. These changes were much more striking in LCD rats than in ACD rats. Backscattered electron imaging of cross sections of the femora revealed marked cortical thinning at midshaft after lactation, especially in rats on the LCD; this method also showed a marked increase in newly formed, less dense diaphyseal bone on the endosteal surface when dietary calcium had been made available to the LCD rats after lactation ceased. Unlike the rats fed the ACD after lactation, the rats continued on the LCD for the first 3 weeks postlactation failed to recover bone mineral, even though there was a marked decrease in resorbing surfaces of the femora as revealed by morphologic examination. When the diet was changed from the LCD to the ACD for the second 3 weeks postlactation (weeks 4–6), the bone mineral increased substantially. Overall, these results demonstrate the marked loss of bone during lactation, especially severe in rats fed a low-calcium diet, and the rapid postlactational recovery of bone when adequate dietary calcium was made available, even if the recovery had been delayed for the first 3 weeks by feeding a diet very low in calcium
IGF-I Production by Mouse Osteoblasts
Authors: Wong G. L. , Kotliar D. , Schlaeger D. , Brandes S. J. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Mouse osteoblasts contain and secrete insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I), which can be measured by radioimmunoassay after separation from endogenous IGF-I binding activity. Our studies indicate that IGF-I is produced by all bone cell populations prepared by sequential digestion of mouse calvaria with collagenase and protease. Furthermore, relatively small amounts of IGF-I are cell associated, and IGF-I is recovered primarily in the cell medium after 24 h of culture. Basal IGF-I secretion is also density dependent, and secretion per cell is approximately 20-fold higher when cultures are inoculated at 0.125 versus 1.0 × 105 cells per cm2.
Growth hormone increased the secretion of IGF-I only in cells released in the earlier stages of digestion. These growth hormone-responsive populations were previously shown to differ from late released cells in that they show a lower expression of the osteoblastic phenotype, harbor more EGF receptors per cell, and have a higher proliferative response to low doses of exogenous IGF-I and EGF.
These data reaffirm the presence of different subclasses of bone cells in populations obtained by sequential digestion of bone and suggest that growth hormone stimulates IGF-I secretion by immature osteoblasts
Regulation of calbindin-D28K gene expression in the chick intestine: Effects of serum calcium status and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Hall Alan K. , Professor Norman Anthony W. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Calbindin-D28K is a member of a superfamily of calcium binding proteins that share a common avidity for the divalent calcium ion. The ambient concentration of calcium in the blood circulation is thought to orchestrate the release of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin and to govern the activity of renal 1-hydroxylase and thereby synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. We report here the results of experiments designed to assess the possible contribution of dietary calcium status upon calbindin-D28K gene expression in the intestine of vitamin D-deficient chicks. The actions of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] and dietary calcium intake upon intestinal calbindin-D28K and calbindin-D28K mRNA were monitored by ELISA and dot-blot hybridization analyses, respectively. Vitamin D3-deficient chicks were fed either a calcium-supplemented diet (3% w/w) or a diet containing low calcium (0.4% w/w). These dietary manipulations evoked a highly significant change in serum calcium status. However, the levels of calbindin-D28K protein and its corresponding mRNA were unaffected. Administration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (1-16 nmol per animal) to both “normocalcemic” and hypocalcemic vitamin D-deficient chicks resulted in an equivalent stimulation of duodenal calbindin-D28K accumulation of calbindin-D28K mRNA. Intestinal calbindin-D28K was stimulated 20- to 28-fold (above control levels) by 6-8 nmol 1,25-(OH)2D3 in both dietary treatment groups when measured 48 h after the single injection. Hence, despite the existence of a relatively large difference in serum calcium levels, the molecular actions of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the vitamin D-deficient animal are apparently well insulated from serum calcium chemistry. These observations support the notion that, in the absence of vitamin D3, the calcium ion per se is unable to modulate the calbindin-D28K gene in vivo.
In vitro detection of neutralizing antibodies after treatment of paget's disease of bone with nasal salmon calcitonin
Authors: Grauer Andreas , Raue Friedhelm , Schneider Hans-Gerhard , Frank-Raue Karin , Ziegler Reinhard 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
To elucidate the biologic relevance of circulating sCT antibodies, an in vitro bioassay system for the detection of neutralizing antibodies was developed utilizing the human breast carcinoma cell line T47D. We reasoned that the inhibition of the dose-dependent cAMP response to sCT in the T47D assay system by anti-sCT antibodies could be used to determine the in vivo relevance of these antibodies. In this report the clinical course of nine patients with Paget's disease of bone treated with intranasal sCT was correlated with the presence of 125I-sCT binding and neutralizing antibodies. Of nine patients treated with 400 IU intranasal sCT per day, seven developed 125I-sCT binding antibodies. Of these seven patients, four were found to have neutralizing antibodies; the appearance of the antibodies coincided with the development of resistance. One of these patients was subsequently treated with human calcitonin and revealed a good response to the treatment. There was no clinical resistance observed in the three patients with 125I-sCT binding antibodies but no neutralizing antibodies; no resistance was observed in two patients without 125I-sCT binding or neutralizing antibodies. We conclude that this new technique to determine the biologic relevance of circulating anti-sCT antibodies may be an useful adjunct for determining the cause of resistance in patients treated with sCT.
Retroviral expression in mononuclear blood cells isolated from a patient with osteopetrosis (albers-schonberg disease)
Authors: Labat L. M. , Bringuier A.-F. , Chandra A. , Chandra P. , Einhorn T. A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We report the presence of reverse transcriptase activity in the supernatant of long-term culture of mononuclear blood cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) isolated from a 27-year-old patient suffering from benign osteopetrosis. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity according to the technique of Chandra and Steel, by chromatography, first on DEAE-cellulose (DE 52) and then on phosphocellulose (P11). After purification, the enzyme was characterized biochemically for its template specificity and ionic requirements. The purified enzyme was able to transcribe poly(rA) ··(dT)12-18 and poly(rC) ··(dG)12-18 very efficiently and had a marked preference for Mg2+ ions over Mn2+ ions. The pattern of ionic dependency for this enzyme is similar to that of reverse transcriptases purified from human lymphotropic viruses. The patient was tested and found seronegative for HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I and seropositive (immunoglobulin C ) for cytomegalovirus. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens (EBNA) were detected in the patient's B lymphocytes. Since reverse transcriptase is the hallmark of retroviruses, we suggest that a retrovirus may be involved in the etiology of osteopetrosis.
Ontogenesis of calcitonin mRNA in the rabbit
Authors: Jousset Valérie , Besnard Philippe , Garel Jean-Michel , Gilbert Marc , Davicco Marie-Jeanne , Barlet Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Since plasma calcium levels are higher in the fetus than in the mother at the end of gestation, it has been suggested that calcitonin (CT) biosynthesis would be very active in the fetus. This hypothesis was tested in rabbit fetuses and newborns by measuring the amount of CT mRNAs found in the thyroid glands and the thyroidal CT stores. Dot-blot and Northern hybridizations with a specific CT cDNA probe (a BglII-NsiI fragment of the human CT cDNA) were used to determine the CT mRNA level. In fetuses, newborns, and mothers, only one molecular species of mRNA around 1 kb was detected by Northern hybridization with the specific CT cDNA probe. By dot-blot, CT mRNAs could be detected at 20 days of gestation on pooled fetal thyroid glands as a weak positive signal. The amount of CT mRNAs increased on day 24; at this stage they were also observed by Northern hybridization. During the last 6 days of gestation a 3-fold increase in CT mRNAs occurred in rabbit fetuses; concomitantly a 5-fold rise in the total thyroidal CT content was observed. Fetal plasma concentrations of both CT and calcium increased slightly between 24 and 30 days of gestation. After birth, the CT mRNA level was 10-fold increased between 2 and 30 days; these changes were not reflected in the plasma CT level but were probably accounted for by a rise in the number of C cells of the thyroid gland.
Paget's disease of bone and quality of life
Authors: Gold Deborah T. , Boisture Jennifer , Shipp Kathy M. , Pieper Carl F. , Lyles Kenneth W. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Little is known about how Paget's disease of bone affects quality of life. To better understand the relative impact of factors on quality of life, we mailed a brief survey to 2000 people randomly selected from the Paget's Foundation mailing list. The sample was geographically stratified to examine the effects of specialist availability. Nine hundred and fifty-eight persons responded to the questionnaire (53% response rate after adjustment for death, incorrect addresses, and nondeliverable mailings). The sample had equal proportions of males and females, with a mean age of 74 years (SD = 9.0). Most (97%) were white, with high levels of education (mean 13 years; SD 3.7) and income (60% earned more than $20,000 annually). They reported pagetic bone in the skull (34%), spine (35%), pelvis (49%), and leg (48%). The most frequently mentioned complications were hearing loss (37%) and bowed limbs (31%). Comorbidity included arthritis (64%), hypertension (32%), and heart problems (28%). Nearly half (47%) reported feelings of depression, and 42% said that their health was fair or poor. Only 21% reported that quality of life was very good or excellent. In multiple partial F-test regression analyses, variables were divided into four domains (social, psychological, care, and biomedical). The psychological domain explained 19% of the variance beyond that explained by all other variables; the social domain explained 3%, the biomedical domain explained 3% and the care domain explained 1%. The importance of the psychological aspects of Paget's disease suggests that treatment protocols should include psychological intervention to improve quality of life.
An enzyme-linked immunoassay for the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor protein
Authors: Uhland-Smith Ann , Prahl Jean M. , Deluca Hector F. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
In this paper, we detail an enzyme-linked immunoassay for the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor protein. The receptor protein of cell and tissue homogenates is bound between two monoclonal antibodies specific for different epitopes on the receptor protein. The first antibody is bound to the well of an ELISA plate and the second is biotinylated. The receptor-antibody complex is detected with avidin-alkaline phosphatase and p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The amount of receptor in each sample is determined by comparison with a standard curve made from purified receptor protein. This assay is highly sensitive, measuring as little as 2 fmol of receptor, and has an intra-assay coefficient of variation of 6.6% and an interassay coefficient of variation of 13.8%. The assay can be used to measure the receptor from mammalian and avian species and is independent of the presence of hormone. By eliminating the need for a radio-iodinated monoclonal antibody and incorporating the ease of a plate assay, we have a significantly improved method for measuring the vitamin D receptor protein. This paper also presents Western analysis of the antibodies used to demonstrate that they do not recognize other steroid hormone receptors.
Injectable gellan gum hydrogels with autologous cells for the treatment of rabbit articular cartilage defects
Authors: Oliveira João T. , Gardel Leandro S. , Rada Tommaso , Martins Luís , Gomes Manuela E. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this work, the ability of gellan gum hydrogels coupled with autologous cells to regenerate rabbit full‐thickness articular cartilage defects was tested. Five study groups were defined: (a) gellan gum with encapsulated chondrogenic predifferentiated rabbit adipose stem cells (ASC + GF); (b) gellan gum with encapsulated nonchondrogenic predifferentiated rabbit adipose stem cells (ASC); (c) gellan gum with encapsulated rabbit articular chondrocytes (AC) (standard control); (d) gellan gum alone (control); (e) empty defect (control). Full‐thickness articular cartilage defects were created and the gellan gum constructs were injected and left for 8 weeks. The macroscopic aspect of the explants showed a progressive increase of similarity with the lateral native cartilage, stable integration at the defect site, more pronouncedly in the cell‐loaded constructs. Tissue scoring showed that ASC + GF exhibited the best results regarding tissue quality progression. Alcian blue retrieved similar results with a better outcome for the cell‐loaded constructs. Regarding real‐time PCR analyses, ASC + GF had the best progression with an upregulation of collagen type II and aggrecan, and a downregulation of collagen type I. Gellan gum hydrogels combined with autologous cells constitute a promising approach for the treatment of articular cartilage defects, and adipose derived cells may constitute a valid alternative to currently used articular chondrocytes. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1193–1199, 2010
Neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Liu Stephen V. , Melstrom Laleh , Yao Kathy , Russell Christy A. , Sener Stephen F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe past few decades have seen an increase in both the role and the complexity of neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Neoadjuvant therapy was initially described as systemic chemotherapy for inflammatory or locally advanced breast cancer but now entails a combination of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapy. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy is employed for inoperable inflammatory and locally advanced breast cancer, and also for patients with operable breast cancers who desire breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) but are not candidates based on the initial size of the tumor in relation to the size of the breast. Neoadjuvant therapy in this subset of patients may impact the surgical options. This review will summarize the benefits of neoadjuvant systemic therapy and implications for BCT, the timing of sentinel node biopsy, and the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict response to therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:283–291. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Separation and quantitative determination of sesquiterpene lactones in Lindera aggregata (Wu‐yao) by ultra‐performance LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Wu Yongjiang , Zheng Yunliang , Liu Xuesong , Han Zheng , Ren Yiping , Gan Lishe , Zhou Changxin , Luan Lianjun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn ultra‐performance LC in combination with MS/MS method was established to evaluate the quality of Wu‐yao (the dried root of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. (Lauraceae)) through simultaneous quantitation of five sesquiterpene lactones, linderagalactone D (1), linderagalactone C (2), hydroylindestenolide (3), neolinderalactone (4) and linderane (5). All compounds were separated on a Waters Acquity ultra‐performance LC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm particle size) with linear gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid. An ESI interface in the positive mode was employed prior to MS detection. All the compounds showed good linearity (R2≥0.9992). The recoveries, measured at three concentration levels, varied from 97.3 to 103.4% with RSDs <4.8%. The simple, rapid and reliable method was successfully applied to quantify the five components in 13 samples of Wu‐yao from different areas.
Uses of ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as a good separation electrolyte for direct electrophoretic separation of quaternary ammonium herbicides
Authors: Zhou Qingxiang , Mao Jinli , Xiao Junping , Xie Guohong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a new method for the direct separation of paraquat and diquat by CZE with ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate employed as reliable electrolyte. Several factors that affect the separation efficiency were investigated in detail. The experimental results indicated that the optimal running buffer consisted of 50 mM 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 10% ethanol (pH 5.0), applied voltage was 15 kV, and temperature was kept at 30°C and baseline‐separation was achieved within 18 min for the analytes. The proposed method would be very useful and have wide use to monitor the residual level of such pollutants when combined with high‐sensitive detector and an excellent sample preconcentration technique with high enrichment factor in the future.
Impact of the spatial and temporal arrangement of pastoral use on land degradation around animal concentration points
Authors: Okayasu T. , Okuro T. , Jamsran U. , Takeuchi K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn mobile pastoral systems, the spatial movement of herders is tied to requirements such as water, markets and medical services, resulting in the concentration of livestock in particular areas and subsequent desertification in those areas. The spatial and temporal distributions of these requirements are subject to changes in external forces, such as political regimes and economic systems. To assess and counteract desertification requires an understanding of, and ability to predict, the spatial and temporal arrangements of such concentration points and how these arrangements cause or inhibit desertification. To this end we developed a model that explicitly simulates how animals and vegetation interact. The model has spatial settings for extensive pasture to represent the points at which animals concentrate. We found that the spatial dynamics of the interaction between animal behavior and vegetation were nonlinear and markedly affected the size of the area desertified, and that the distribution of grazing pressure was more important than total grazing pressure, which had only a limited influence on desertification. These findings indicate that application of the carrying capacity concept is not capable of preventing desertification in extensive pasture, even under equilibrium conditions. Therefore, explicit management of the spatial distribution of animals is essential to prevent desertification in extensively grazed rangelands. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of compatibilizers and testing speeds on the mechanical properties of organophilic montmorillonite filled polyamide 6/polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Kusmono  , Mohd Ishak Z.A. , Chow W.S. , Takeichi T. , Rochmadi  
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn the present study, the fracture properties of different types of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) filled polyamide 6/polypropylene nanocomposites was investigated. Two types of compatibilizers, i.e., maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA) and maleic anhydride grafted styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene (SEBS‐g‐MA) were used to compatibilize these systems. The tensile properties were studied through tensile test at two different testing speeds; 50 and 500 mm/min whereas the fracture properties were determined using single‐edge‐notch‐3 point‐bending (SEN‐3PB) specimens at three different testing speeds; 1, 100, and 500 mm/min. The presence of both PP‐g‐MA and SEBS‐g‐MA compatibilizers improved the tensile and fracture properties of nanocomposites due to the compatibilizing effect of both compatibilizers. SEBS‐g‐MA compatibilizer seemed to be more effective in improving the fracture toughness of nanocomposites than PP‐g‐MA especially at high testing speed. This was due to the elastomeric nature of SEBS‐g‐MA, which can provide a better toughening effect than the relatively harder PP‐g‐MA. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1493–1504, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Unmet supportive care needs, psychological well‐being and quality of life in patients living with multiple myeloma and their partners
Authors: Molassiotis Alex , Wilson Barbara , Blair Susan , Howe Tracy , Cavet James 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this project was to identify the nature and range of needs, as well as levels of quality of life (QOL), of both patients living with myeloma and their partners.Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was used, recruiting patients and their partners from 4 hospitals in the United Kingdom at a mean time post‐diagnosis of 5 years. Patients completed a scale exploring their Supportive Care Needs, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the EORTC QOL scale with its Myeloma module. The partners completed the partners' version of the Supportive Care Needs scale and HADS.Results: A total of 132 patients and 93 of their partners participated. One‐quarter of the patients and one‐third of the partners reported unmet supportive care needs. About 27.4% of patients reported signs of anxiety and 25.2% reported signs of depression. Almost half the partners (48.8%) reported signs of anxiety and 13.6% signs of depression. Anxious/depressed patients had more than double unmet needs than non‐anxious/depressed patients (P<0.05). QOL was moderate, with key areas of impairment being physical, emotional, social and cognitive functioning, and patients complained of several symptoms, including tiredness (40.7%), pain (35.9%), insomnia (32.3%), peripheral neuropathies (28.3%) and memory problems (22.3%). About 40.8% were worried about their health in the future.Conclusion: Long‐term supportive care services should provide support to both patients and their partners in relation to their unmet needs, screening them for psychological disorders, referring them appropriately and timely, and optimising symptom management in order to improve the patients' QOL. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.