bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SEIQRS Computer Virus Propagation Model and Impulse Control With Two Delays
Authors: Wang JunLing , Chang Xinxin , Zhong Lei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTComputer viruses have caused great harm and nasty effects on people's lives. Therefore, analyzing and establishing the corresponding mathematical model can help explore and study the propagation law of computer viruses. On this basis, we apply the theory of computer virus propagation dynamics by combining computer viruses and the variability of their removal rates of different states in the network. The study presents a new Susceptible‐Exposed‐Infected‐Quarantine‐Recovered‐Susceptible (SEIQRS) computer virus propagation model with two delays. In addition, we introduce impulse control, an optimal control method, to explore the effect of the impulse period on the model. We first derive the basic reproduction number of the model. Then, the characteristic equations and eigenvalues are discussed analytically by controlling the delay parameters variation in order to analyze local stability and Hopf bifurcation for the computer virus model. Next, we add impulse control and find that it could better control the propagation of computer viruses. Firstly, we analyze the dynamical behavior of this model using the relevant theories of time delay differential equations to provide a theoretical basis for the effective elimination and control of virus propagation in computer networks. Secondly, we use Matlab to conduct numerical simulations, which verify the correctness of theoretical results. Finally, we synthesize the theoretical and experimental analysis of the present model to provide some scientific suggestions for better control of the spreading of computer viruses.
Well‐Posedness, Long‐Time Behavior, and Discretization of Some Models of Nonlinear Acoustics in Velocity–Enthalpy Formulation
Authors: Egger Herbert , Fritz Marvin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe study a class of models for nonlinear acoustics, including the well‐known Westervelt and Kuznetsov equations, as well as a model of Rasmussen that can be seen as a thermodynamically consistent modification of the latter. Using linearization, energy estimates, and fixed‐point arguments, we establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions that, for sufficiently small data, are global in time and converge exponentially fast to equilibrium. In contrast to previous work, our analysis is based on a velocity–enthalpy formulation of the problem, whose weak form reveals the underlying port‐Hamiltonian structure. Moreover, the weak form of the problem is particularly well suited for a structure‐preserving discretization. This is demonstrated in numerical tests, which also highlight typical characteristics of the models under consideration.
Robust H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ Analysis and Control of Fractional‐Order Systems With Ellipsoidal Parametric Uncertainty
Authors: Zhu Long‐Jun , Lu Jun‐Guo , Zhu Zhen , Zhang Qing‐Hao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the domain of systems control, the robust control of fractional‐order systems (FOSs) with ellipsoidal parameter uncertainty has received scant attention, even though ellipsoidal uncertainty is significant for quantifying and modeling parameter uncertainties. This paper addresses the gap by focusing on analysis and control of FOSs with ellipsoidal parametric uncertainty, where the fractional order is delimited to the range . Two distinct categories of ellipsoidal parameter uncertainty models are considered: one corresponding to FOSs with uncertain zero positions and the other to FOSs with uncertain pole and zero positions. First, sufficient conditions for the performance analysis of FOSs with ellipsoidal parametric uncertainty are established by extending the bounded real lemma for FOSs. Next, the problems of controller synthesis are analyzed, and the state feedback controllers are designed, along with the establishment of sufficient conditions for stabilization. These conditions are given in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Lastly, several numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed results.
On the Dimensional Invariance of Graphs of Fractal Functions Under Horizontal Nonlinear Variation
Authors: Yu Binyan , Liang Yongshun , Chandra Subhash 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOn the basis of our previous work, this paper makes an investigation on whether fractal dimensions of an object with a fractal curve shape will keep invariable under being subjected to horizontal nonlinear variation in this paper. For two fractal continuous functions and , it has been proven that the graph of has the same lower and upper Box dimensions as the graph of when is a monotonic bi‐Lipschitz function with certain basic elementary functions provided. Further, we show that such invariance property also holds for the Hausdorff dimension, the packing dimension, and the Hewitt–Stromberg dimension under certain conditions. Numerical simulations of some concrete examples have also been carried out to corroborate our theoretical results. This work may contribute to the dimensional theory of graphs of fractal functions and have certain practical application significance in physics and other natural sciences.
Quantification of Spatial Ventilation Defect Sparsity in Hyperpolarized Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lungs Utilizing a Three‐Dimensional Clustering Algorithm
Authors: García Delgado Gabriela María , Shammi Ummul Afia , Ruppel Mia R. , Altes Talissa A. , Mugler John P. , Meyer Craig H. , Qing Kun , de Lange Eduard E. , Mata Jaime , Ruset Iulian C. , Hersman F. W. , Thomen Robert P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHyperpolarized gas (HPG) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows for the quantification of pulmonary defects with the ventilation defect percentage (VDP). Although informative, VDPs lack information regarding the spatial distribution of defects. We developed a method of quantifying the focality/sparseness of ventilation defects in hyperpolarized‐gas lung MR images. The study involved a total of 56 subjects: 14 asthmatics (age mean ± sd = 45.1 ± 18.9), 25 COPD subjects (age = 60.6 ± 10.4), and 17 CF subjects (age = 21.8 ± 8.4). The analyzed data are from four different studies: Study 1 used a 3‐T gradient echo (GRE) sequence, Study 2 used a 1.5‐T GRE sequence, Study 3 used a 1.5‐T two‐dimensional spiral sequence, and Study 4 used a 1.5‐T three‐dimensional balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence. We developed an algorithm that quantifies the focality/sparseness of ventilation defects as a subject's cluster index (CI). The algorithm was assessed on synthesized spherical defect clusters and 3D lung volume defects of varying sizes/distributions. CI and whole‐lung VDP were calculated for asthmatic, COPD, and CF subjects. Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression models between CI and FEV1pp, as well as CI and VDP, were performed to evaluate CI among asthma, COPD, and CF. T tests were performed to evaluate CI/VDP ratios among previously mentioned lung diseases. p values less than 0.05 were statistically significant. Subject CI well represents defect focality by visual inspection. Pearson correlation coefficients between CI and VDP were r = 0.60 (p = 2.21 × 10−2) for asthma, r = 0.79 (p = 3.15 × 10−6) for COPD, and r = 0.84 (p = 2.80 × 10−5) for CF. Pearson correlation coefficients between CI and FEV1pp was r = −0.47 (p = 0.0002). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test revealed that the ratio of whole‐lung CI/VDP was significantly different between asthma/CF (p = 0.04) and CF/COPD (p = 0.008), but not among asthma/COPD (p = 0.95). This method of volumetric quantification of defect spatial distribution may provide information regarding defect cluster size in which VDP alone is uninformative.
Optimal Control of Stochastic Magneto‐Hydrodynamics With Non‐Instantaneous Impulsive Effects: Applications to Solar Flare Impact Mitigation
Authors: Nagarajan Durga , Hussain S. Satham , Malik Muslim 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article is devoted to the study of existence and optimal control for non‐instantaneous impulsive incompressible stochastic magneto‐hydrodynamics equation with Poisson jumps in the Hilbert space. The main objectives include establishing existence and uniqueness of mild solutions of the considered model. This is achieved in the space with the help of fixed point theorem, stochastic analysis techniques and semigroup theory. Additionally, this manuscript demonstrates the existence of optimal control which is supported by Balder's theorem with an application to solar flare impact mitigation. The proposed model captures the dynamic response of the magnetized plasma to sudden and rare events in the solar wind events, providing a realistic representation of the intricate interactions between solar activity and magnetohydrodynamics in space. This work lays a foundation for advanced modeling of stochastic and impulsive systems, offering significant insights for applications in astrophysics and space weather prediction.
The Impact of Lovenox Prophylaxis and Other Anticoagulants on Microvascular Free Flap Outcomes
Authors: Bhatnagar Kavita , Smith Hannah , Taghizadeh Farshid , Young Gavin , Trott Skylar , Clayburgh Daniel , Yang Sara , Wax Mark K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveMicrovascular free flap reconstruction for head and neck defects carries a 95% success rate. When flap compromise occurs, it is often due to vascular occlusion. This study seeks to determine what impact lovenox prophylaxis has on flap outcomes and postoperative complications.Study DesignA retrospective review.SettingA single tertiary institution.MethodsA total of 1100 patients underwent microvascular free flap reconstruction from January 2010 to May 2019. The use of lovenox prophylaxis began in 2013, and by 2015, it was routinely used. Flap outcome and postoperative complications were compared between those who received postoperative lovenox prophylaxis and those who did not, using a chi‐squared analysis. Outcomes among patients on therapeutic heparin and other oral anticoagulants were similarly examined.ResultsThere was no difference between those with (n = 716) or without chemoprophylaxis (n = 384) in rates of flap compromise (11.46% vs 12.71%), salvage (43.19% vs 52.71%), and overall failure (6.51% vs 6.01%) (P = .45). Rates of arterial insufficiency (8.07% vs 7.82%, P = .89) and venous congestion (3.39% vs 5.73%, P= .09) were equivalent. Arterial insufficiency (23.85%, P = .0002) was highest among the therapeutic heparin group. The rate of hematoma was significantly different between those without chemoprophylaxis (2.08%), and those on lovenox (3.77%), heparin (10.55%), and other anticoagulants (14.55%) (P = 4 × 10−8).ConclusionsLovenox prophylaxis does not appear to impact overall flap survival but does confer a small increase in hematoma risk. There were higher rates of complications among patients on therapeutic heparin. Patients who require anticoagulation for other medical comorbidities are nearly 4 times as likely to develop hematomas and should be counseled accordingly.
Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation for pharmacological treatment‐resistant bipolar depression: Protocol for double‐blind, randomized, sham‐controlled trial
Authors: Kishi Taro , Sakuma Kenji , Hamanaka Shun , Nishii Yasufumi , Esaki Kosei , Zhao Yueren , Matsuda Yuki , Kito Shinsuke , Iwata Nakao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundWith 30%–50% of people with bipolar depression (BDep) not responding to multiple pharmacological treatments, alternative therapies are needed. Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L‐DLPFC) has been employed for individuals with pharmacological treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder (TR‐MDD). Imaging studies have revealed reduced regional activity of the L‐DLPFC for both TR‐MDD and pharmacological treatment‐resistant BDep (TR‐BDep), suggesting that aiTBS over the L‐DLPFC may be beneficial for people with TR‐BDep.MethodsA 6‐week, double‐blind, sham‐controlled, randomized trial will be conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of aiTBS to the L‐DLPFC in people with TR‐BDep (jRCTs042240019). Fifty iTBS sessions (1800 pulses/session) will be delivered in 10 daily sessions over 5 consecutive days at 90% resting motor threshold. This aiTBS protocol is termed as Fujita Neuromodulation Therapy for Bipolar Depression (FNT‐BD). Twenty‐two participants (both sexes, aged 18–64 years) with TR‐BDep (DSM‐5‐TR, Type I) will be recruited. The response rate at any given week of follow‐up will be the primary efficacy outcome, defined as a reduction of ≥50% in the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score. Other outcomes will include MADRS score changes, remission rate (10 ≥ MADRS score), Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement score, Clinical Global Impression‐Severity score, discontinuation rate, and incidence of individual adverse events.ResultsWe anticipate that individuals who receive the aiTBS treatment show significant improvement in depressing symptoms compared to those receiving sham treatment.ConclusionsThis study will provide valuable evidence for both patients with TR‐BDep and clinicians.
Active surface modification of thermoplastic polyurethane‐oleic acid nanocomposite fibers through alkali hydrolysis
Authors: Karahaliloğlu Zeynep , Hazer Baki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAlkali hydrolysis is a simple, low‐cost, and prominent surface modification method for developing more desirable scaffolds. In the presented study, two distinct concentrations (1 and 3 M) were predetermined for the hydrolysis treatments, and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposite fibers with varying concentrations of oleic acid (OLE) were exposed. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, when naked TPU or nanocomposite fibers showed any morphological changes, the interfacial bonding points of TPU‐OLE nanocomposite fibers enhanced in the higher concentrations of hydrolysis solution (1 and 3 M). The average fiber diameter in pure TPU is 0.59 ± 0.04 μm, while after doping with the highest concentration of OLE, the fiber diameter decreased to 0.48 ± 0.03 μm. Additionally, at the highest NaOH and OLE concentrations, the diameter decreased from 0.85 ± 0.02 μm in 3 M/TPU to 0.61 ± 0.04 μm in 3 M/TPU‐OLE3. Additionally, the surface hydrophilicity of TPU‐OLE fibers was noticeably improved through alkali hydrolysis, compared to the naked TPU approximately by 70%. Furthermore, the surface characterization of fibers revealed that the surface roughness values showed a significant change with increasing alkali concentration, but were not affected by the OLE concentration. All these findings indicate that TPU, whose surface wettability, roughness, and antibacterial response are modified by mercerization and OLE addition, can be safely and successfully used in tissue engineering applications.Highlights
Polyurethane, oleic acid, and NaOH treatment were combined for tissue engineering applications.
TPU/OLE nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning.
The surface of composite fibrillar membranes was modified alkali hydrolysis.
The fiber diameter decreased after NaOH hydrolysis.
Alkali hydrolysis improved the surface wettability and antibacterial response.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the time and position dependence of the degree of cure, temperature distribution, and dynamic mechanical behavior of epoxy resin sheets cured with embedded Kanthal resistance wires
Authors: Kontaxis Lykourgos C. , Hoxha Dorela , Chatziathanasiou Grigorios M. , Patsidis Anastasios C. , Zaoutsos Stefanos P. , Papanicolaou George C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this study, epoxy resin sheets were cured by embedding Kanthal D resistance wires and applying Joule heating. The temperature developed by the embedded Kanthal wires remained constant for various curing times of up to 24 h. The degree of curing (DOC) via DSC experiments was determined, revealing that specimens closer to the heating element cured 15 h faster. The dynamic viscoelastic behavior of the epoxy resin via DMA was studied as a function of both the curing time and the point distance from the heating element. It was concluded that the epoxy resin located at a significant distance from the Kanthal wire will never reach a fully cured condition, despite receiving heat from the heating element. Thermal images were captured during the Joule heating curing process to simultaneously provide the temperature distribution variation with location and time. The experimentally obtained temperature distribution was then predicted and compared with respective numerical results. Finally, to determine the ideal distance between Kanthal wires, the separation distance between them was parametrized following the validation of the numerical model. The optimized separation distance of the Kanthal wires, according to the numerical analysis, was found to be 3 mm, at a constant applied temperature of 53°C.Highlights
Complete curing of an epoxy resin sheet using only SRE heating.
DOC studied with respect to topological, temporal, and temperature variables.
Experimental results predicted/validated by corresponding numerical results.
Validated numerical models utilized for optimal distance of heating elements.
Identifying Children at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Problems: A Diagnostic Classification Model Approach
Authors: Bao Yu , Liu Jin , DiStefano Christine , Ding Ruyi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBehavioral and emotional disorders in childhood can have lasting impacts in areas such as education and future employment, often extending into adulthood. Identifying the potential disorders in children's early grades is beneficial to provide proactive assistance. In this study, we employed a well‐validated scale ‐ the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to investigate the profiles of five‐dimensional behavioral and emotional problems for 639 elementary school children from a southern U.S. state. Using a diagnostic classification model (DCM), we classified children into a set of predetermined profiles that capture the full range of possible behavioral and emotional patterns. The results indicated that the DCM yielded a good model‐data fit and can provide individualized feedback about the children for their teachers specifying which behavioral or emotional area(s) is/are at risk and deserve(s) special attention. We developed a sample student report card with accompanying user guidance. Applying DCM modeling in identifying children at risk for behavioral and emotional problems offers a new alternative to provide targeted support for children in need.
Self‐Releasing Vanillin: An Eco‐Friendly Self‐Polishing Coating Designed for Marine Antifouling
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Xiaojun , Chen Rongrong , Liu Qi , Song Dalei , Sun Gaohui , Yu Jing , Liu Jingyuan , Zhu Jiahui , Guo Shifeng , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBiological fouling will cause severe damage to the functionality of marine underwater facilities, shorten their service life, impede their normal operation, and trigger a biological invasion event. The traditional marine antifouling coatings release heavy metal elements, which cause harm to the marine environment. To overcome this issue, a self‐polishing antifouling resin based on vanillin methacrylate (VMA) was prepared via the free radical polymerization method. In seawater, the VMA‐based coatings achieve self‐polishing through the hydrolysis of the phenolic ester group. The hydrolysis mechanism of VMA was calculated using density functional theory by Cp2k software, and the results show that VMA achieves one‐step hydrolysis by the SN2 mechanism. It exhibited antibacterial and environmentally friendly antifouling properties by releasing vanillin, which is a natural antifouling active substance. The antibacterial, diatom adhesion inhibition, and the 9‐month marine field test demonstrated the excellent antifouling performance of VMA‐based coatings. It provides a novel concept for environmentally friendly self‐polishing coatings and has a promising application prospect.
Flame morphology of dual jet fires ejected from a spherical tank
Authors: Xia Chuchun , Zhang Huimin , Zhou Kuibin , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDual jet fires occur when a storage tank has two leakage points or two adjacent tanks leak simultaneously. Currently, research on inclined dual jet fires is limited. In this paper, an experimental setup is constructed to simulate dual jet flames confined by a hemispherical wall, and the merging behavior and flame length are intensively investigated in terms of different exit velocities, nozzle inclination angles, and nozzle diameters. As the exit velocity increases, the flame merging probability first increases and then decreases to a certain level for d = 2.3 mm, while for d = 3 mm, its variation pattern has no fixed trend. Meanwhile, the flame length initially increases, and then remains almost constant until Fr ≥ 105. When the nozzle inclination angle decreases, for d = 2.3 mm, there is no fixed trend in the flame merging probability, while for d = 3 mm, the flame merging probability first decreases and then increases to reach one. In addition, the flame length first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases again with the decrease of nozzle inclination angle in both Fr < 105 and Fr ≥ 105 cases. The dimensionless flame lengths are quantitatively expressed based on air entrainment analysis.
Chestnut flower extract as a natural inhibitor of Fusarium graminearum: antifungal activity and mechanisms
Authors: Xie Qiaoling , Peng Fei , Wang Xiuping , Du Bin , Yang Yuedong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant pathogenic fungi are a major contributor to reductions in crop yield and quality, posing significant challenges to global food security. The extensive application of chemical fungicides has led to the development of resistance in pathogenic fungi and the accumulation of harmful residues, which threaten environmental sustainability and human health. Plant‐derived fungicides, with low toxicity and broad‐spectrum activity, offer an eco‐friendly alternative to synthetic chemicals.RESULTSThis study evaluated the antifungal activity of chestnut flower extract (CFE) against Fusarium graminearum (FG) and investigated its underlying mechanisms through cellular and transcriptomic analyses. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) identified phenolic acids and flavonoids as the primary active constituents of CFE. CFE inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.51 and 0.39 mg mL−1, respectively. It disrupted biofilm integrity and membrane permeability by reducing ergosterol content, increasing extracellular conductivity, and affecting malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Protein and nucleic acid leakage were observed. Additionally, CFE inhibited energy metabolism by reducing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and suppressing the activities of key respiratory enzymes, including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed that CFE affected multiple biological processes in FG, including cell structure, protein synthesis, ion transport and mitochondrial function.CONCLUSIONThe chestnut flower contains active antibacterial ingredients that exhibit targeted inhibition of FG, thereby providing theoretical and technical support for the development of natural antibacterial agents with specific targeting capabilities. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.