bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐related Quality of Life in Pediatric Patients With Long‐standing Pancreatitis
Authors: Pohl John F. , Limbers Christine A. , Kay Marie , Harman Annette , Rollins Michael , Varni James W. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:There are limited data on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in pediatric patients with long‐standing pancreatitis (including acute relapsing and chronic pancreatitis) using age‐appropriate measurement instruments.Methods:We evaluated HRQOL in children with long‐standing pancreatitis using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales by patient self‐report as well as parent proxy report. Additionally, patient self‐reports and parent proxy reports were completed for the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale.Results:Across all of the dimensions, significantly impaired HRQOL and higher fatigue were noted for both pediatric patient self‐report and parent proxy report in comparison with the matched healthy children samples. Higher fatigue was associated with lower HRQOL. There was moderate to good agreement between patient self‐reports and parent proxy reports.Conclusions:Given the impaired HRQOL and fatigue documented in the present study, future studies are needed to determine whether specific factors can modify HRQOL and fatigue in this patient population.
Utility of the New ESPGHAN Criteria for the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in At‐risk Groups
Authors: Kurppa Kalle , Salminiemi Jaakko , Ukkola Anniina , Saavalainen Päivi , Löytynoja Katja , Laurila Kaija , Collin Pekka , Mäki Markku , Kaukinen Katri 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTObjective:Demonstration of small‐bowel mucosal damage has been the basis of celiac disease diagnosis, but the diagnostic approach is undergoing changes. The European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition recently stated that in a subgroup of children, high positive transglutaminase 2 antibody (TG2ab) values may be sufficient for the diagnosis. The utility of these new criteria was evaluated by applying the human red blood cell TG2 antibody test (RBC‐TG2ab) to a large cohort of children and adults belonging to at‐risk groups.Methods:RBC‐TG2ab and endomysial antibodies (EmA) were measured in 3031 family members or other relatives of patients with celiac disease. The RBC‐TG2ab values were classified as weak (20–29 U), moderate (30–99 U), and strong (≥100 U) positive. Seropositive subjects were further tested by human recombinant TG2ab (Hr‐TG2ab) and for the presence of celiac disease–associated human leukocyte antigen‐DQ alleles. Gastroscopy was recommended for all with positive RBC‐TG2ab, EmA, or Hr‐TG2ab, or weak positive RBC‐TG2ab and symptoms.Results:Strong positive RBC‐TG2ab has good correlation with EmA and Hr‐TG2ab and positivity of DQ2/8, and the diagnosis was established in 94% of both children and adults. In contrast, moderately positive (≥30 U) RBC‐TG2ab showed poor correlation with the other tests, and celiac disease was diagnosed in 69% of children and 86% of adults. Most participants with weak positive RBC‐TG2ab were negative for EmA and Hr‐TG2ab.Conclusions:In accordance with the new European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition criteria, strong positive RBC‐TG2ab showed good accuracy and excellent correlation with the other antibodies and celiac‐type human leukocyte antigen. In contrast, low or moderately positive RBC‐TG2ab values were of unsatisfactory prognostic value for a subsequent diagnosis.
Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Perito Emily R. , Mileti Elizabeth , Dalal Deepal H. , Cho Soo‐Jin , Ferrell Linda D. , McCracken Marjorie , Heyman Melvin B. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to describe the presenting symptoms, endoscopic and histologic findings, and clinical courses of pediatric patients diagnosed with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS).Methods:We describe 15 cases of SRUS diagnosed at our institution during a 13‐year period. Cases were identified by review of a pathology database and chart review and confirmed by review of biopsies. Data were collected by retrospective chart review.Results:Presenting symptoms were consistent but nonspecific, most commonly including blood in stools, diarrhea alternating with constipation, and abdominal/perianal pain. Fourteen of 15 patients had normal hemoglobin/hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and albumin at diagnosis. Endoscopic findings, all limited to the distal rectum, ranged from erythema to ulceration and polypoid lesions. Histology revealed characteristic findings. Stool softeners and mesalamine suppositories improved symptoms, but relapse was common.Conclusions:SRUS in children presents with nonspecific symptoms and endoscopic findings. Clinical suspicion is required, and diagnosis requires histologic confirmation. Response to present treatments is variable.
Methadone inhibits CYP2D6 and UGT2B7/2B4 in vivo: a study using codeine in methadone‐ and buprenorphine‐maintained subjects
Authors: Gelston Eloise A. , Coller Janet K. , Lopatko Olga V. , James Heather M. , Schmidt Helmut , White Jason M. , Somogyi Andrew A. 
Published: November 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Although not well recognized, methadone inhibits CYP2D6 in vivo and in vitro and UGT2B7 and 2B4 in vitro.• We aimed to investigate the effect of methadone on the pathways of codeine metabolism, namely O‐demethylation (CYP2D6), 6‐glucuronidation (UGT2B4/7) and N‐demethylation (CYP3A4/2C8), in subjects maintained on methadone or buprenorphine as a control.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Compared with subjects on buprenorphine, methadone reduced the clearance of codeine to morphine and to codeine‐6‐glucuronide but had no effect on norcodeine formation.• Plasma morphine concentrations remained unchanged, as although its formation was reduced, its metabolism to M3G and M6G was also reduced.• Metabolic drug interactions with methadone cannot assume substrate‐dependent inhibition.AIMSTo compare the O‐demethylation (CYP2D6‐mediated), N‐demethylation (CYP3A4‐mediated) and 6‐glucuronidation (UGT2B4/7‐mediated) metabolism of codeine between methadone‐ and buprenorphine‐maintained CYP2D6 extensive metabolizer subjects.METHODSTen methadone‐ and eight buprenorphine‐maintained subjects received a single 60 mg dose of codeine phosphate. Blood was collected at 3 h and urine over 6 h and assayed for codeine, norcodeine, morphine, morphine‐3‐ and ‐6‐glucuronides and codeine‐6‐glucuronide.RESULTSThe urinary metabolic ratio for O‐demethylation was significantly higher (P= 0.0044) in the subjects taking methadone (mean ± SD, 2.8 ± 3.1) compared with those taking buprenorphine (0.60 ± 0.43), likewise for 6‐glucuronide formation (0.31 ± 0.24 vs. 0.053 ± 0.027; P < 0.0002), but there was no significant difference (P= 0.36) in N‐demethylation. Similar changes in plasma metabolic ratios were also found. In plasma, compared with those maintained on buprenorphine, the methadone‐maintained subjects had increased codeine and norcodeine concentrations (P < 0.004), similar morphine (P= 0.72) and lower morphine‐3‐ and ‐6‐ and codeine‐6‐glucuronide concentrations (P < 0.008).CONCLUSIONMethadone is associated with inhibition of CYP2D6 and UGTs 2B4 and 2B7 reactions in vivo, even though it is not a substrate for these enzymes. Plasma morphine was not altered, owing to the opposing effects of inhibition of both formation and elimination; however, morphine‐6‐glucuronide (analgesically active) concentrations were substantially reduced. Drug interactions with methadone are likely to include drugs metabolized by various UGTs and CYP2D6.
Synergistic effects of supplementation of dietary antioxidants during growth on adult phenotype in ring‐necked pheasants,Phasianus colchicus
Authors: Orledge Josephine M. , Blount Jonathan D. , Hoodless Andrew N. , Pike Thomas W. , Royle Nick J. 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. Oxidative stress may provide a proximate link between investment in growth and/or reproduction and investment in self‐maintenance. Dietary antioxidants, such as carotenoids and vitamin E, provide potentially important roles in regulating these trade‐offs. Recent work suggests that carotenoids may have synergistic effects in combination with non‐pigmentary antioxidants (e.g. vitamin E) on the expression of sexually selected traits in adulthood. However, these studies involved the supplementation of antioxidants to adults so did not take account of early life‐history effects.2. Here, we test the independent and combined roles of supplementation of carotenoids and vitamin E during early growth in regulating the expression of traits in adulthood, in ring‐necked pheasants,Phasianus colchicus. Individuals supplemented with a combination of carotenoids and vitamin E were larger at adulthood than individuals receiving other treatment diets (including vitamin E or carotenoids alone), but there were no differences in ornament expression, immune function, the swelling response to phytohaemagglutinin or levels of oxidative damage.3. This shows that there are synergistic early life‐history effects of these dietary antioxidants on body size at adulthood and suggest that the allocation of limited antioxidant resources are prioritized towards traits that increase competitive ability rather than sexual attractiveness in this strongly sexually selected species.
Consumption of tabular acroporid corals by reef fishes: a comparison with plant–herbivore interactions
Authors: Cole Andrew J. , Lawton Rebecca J. , Wilson Shaun K. , Pratchett Morgan S. 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. Interactions between primary producers and consumers (i.e. grazers) are of fundamental importance to the successful functioning of ecological communities. Plant–herbivore interactions have been extensively studied, and herbivory has been accepted as an important process contributing to the structure of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In contrast, the functional importance of the ecologically equivalent interaction between scleractinian reef corals and polyp‐feeding fishes is largely untested, but has generally been dismissed as unimportant.2. This study quantified the amount of tabular acroporid coral tissue biomass consumed at the population level by corallivorous butterflyfishes and determined the proportion of both the standing biomass and productivity that is consumed annually at three exposed reef crest sites at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef and Australia.3. Total daily coral consumption ranged from 18·6 (±1·6) to 27·4 (±1·5) g 200 m−2 day−1 with 61–68% of this consumption directed towards tabular acroporid corals. This selective feeding resulted in an annual consumption of between 8·9–13·5% of the total available tissue biomass and between 52–79% of the annual productivity of these tabular acroporid corals.4. The proportion of standing coral tissue biomass removed by corallivorous butterflyfishes is similar to that removed from terrestrial plants by herbivores. However, the proportion of primary productivity consumed is considerably greater on coral reefs for both corallivorous and herbivorous fishes compared with terrestrial systems.5. In terrestrial systems, even relatively low levels of defoliation can have significant effects on plant growth rates, seed production and overall fitness. Considering the high proportion of productivity that is consumed by polyp‐feeding fishes, it would seem incongruous that these grazing fishes do not have similar effects on coral community structure and population dynamics. Our findings highlight the need to revisit previously held assumptions regarding the functional importance of corallivorous fishes to coral reef ecosystems.
Soil C erosion and burial in cropland
Authors: VandenBygaart A. J. , Kroetsch DAVID , Gregorich EDWARD G. , Lobb DAVID 
Published: November 2011

AbstractErosion influences the lateral and vertical distribution of soil in agricultural landscapes. A better understanding of the effects of erosion and redistribution on soil organic carbon (C) within croplands would improve our knowledge of how management practices may affect global C dynamics. In this study, the vertical and lateral distribution of soil organic C was characterized to evaluate the amounts and timescales of soil organic C movement, deposition and burial over the last 50 years in different agroecosystems across Canada. There was strong evidence that a substantial portion of eroded sediment and soil organic C was deposited as colluvium close to its source area, thereby burying the original topsoil. The deepest aggraded profile was in a potato field and contained over 70 cm of deposited soil indicating an accumulation rate of 152 Mg ha yr−1; aggraded profiles in other sites had soil deposition rates of 40–90 Mg ha−1 yr−1. The largest stock of soil organic C was 463 Mg ha−1 (to 60 cm depth) and soil C deposition ranged from about 2 to 4 Mg ha−1 yr−1 across all sites. A distinct feature observed in the aggraded profiles at every site was the presence of a large increase in soil organic C concentration near the bottom of the A horizon; the concentration of this C was greater than that at the soil surface. Compared to aggraded profiles, the SOC concentration in eroded profiles did not differ with depth, suggesting that dynamic replacement of soil organic C had occurred in eroded soils. A large amount of soil organic C is buried in depositional areas of Canadian croplands; mineralization of this stock of C appears to have been constrained since burial, but it may be vulnerable to future loss by management practices, land use change and a warming climate.
Projecting the effects of climate change on the distribution of maize races and their wild relatives in Mexico
Authors: Ureta Carolina , Martínez‐Meyer Enrique , Perales Hugo R. , Álvarez‐Buylla Elena R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractClimate change is expected to be a significant threat to biodiversity, including crop diversity at centers of origin and diversification. As a way to avoid food scarcity in the future, it is important to have a better understanding of the possible impacts of climate change on crops. We evaluated these impacts on maize, one of the most important crops worldwide, and its wild relatives Tripsacum and Teocintes. Maize is the staple crop in Mexico and Mesoamerica, and there are currently about 59 described races in Mexico, which is considered its center of origin . In this study, we modeled the distribution of maize races and its wild relatives in Mexico for the present and for two time periods in the future (2030 and 2050), to identify the potentially most vulnerable taxa and geographic regions in the face of climate change. Bioclimatic distribution of crops has seldom been modeled, probably because social and cultural factors play an important role on crop suitability. Nonetheless, rainfall and temperature still represent a major influence on crop distribution pattern, particularly in rainfed crop systems under traditional agrotechnology. Such is the case of Mexican maize races and consequently, climate change impacts can be expected. Our findings generally show significant reductions of potential distribution areas by 2030 and 2050 in most cases. However, future projections of each race show contrasting responses to climatic scenarios. Several evaluated races show new potential distribution areas in the future, suggesting that proper management may favor diversity conservation. Modeled distributions of Tripsacum species and Teocintes indicate more severe impacts compared with maize races. Our projections lead to in situ and ex situ conservation recommended actions to guarantee the preservation of the genetic diversity of Mexican maize.
Micro‐marsupialization as an alternative treatment for mucocele in pediatric dentistry
Authors: PIAZZETTA CLETO M. , TORRES‐PEREIRA CASSIUS , AMENÁBAR JOSÉ M. 
Published: November 2011

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 318–323
Background.  Mucocele is a common oral lesion in children and adolescents. Different techniques have been described for the treatment; however, all of them are invasive.Aim.  This work studied the efficacy of micro‐marsupialization for the treatment for mucoceles in paediatric patients.Design.  A retrospective review was performed using the clinical records of patients aged between 0 and 18 years with a clinical diagnosis of mucocele. The following data were obtained: age, gender, location and size of the lesion, duration of mucocele development, and type of treatment and its results.Results.  The mean age of the patients was 11.1 ± 3.95 years. Mucoceles were found in the lower lip (83.7%), buccal mucosa (11.6%), and tongue (4.7%). From the overall cohort of 86 cases, 33 were treated by micro‐marsupialization, of which five developed a recurrence that required surgical excision. The other 53 cases were treated by surgical excision, and three of these had recurrent disease. No statistically significant difference was found between the treatment methods.Conclusions.  Micro‐marsupialization can be used to treat mucoceles in paediatric dentistry. It is simpler to perform, minimally invasive, requires no local infiltration of anaesthesia, has a lower postoperative complications rate, and is well‐tolerated by patients.
Nine years of vegetation development in a postmining site: effects of spontaneous and assisted site recovery
Authors: Baasch Annett , Kirmer Anita , Tischew Sabine 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. Highly disturbed areas such as surface‐mined land provide a great challenge for ecological restoration. The goal is to identify appropriate restoration approaches in a continuum between technical reclamation and spontaneous succession. In particular, on slopes endangered by erosion, appropriate methods are needed that quickly establish vegetation cover but also take into account the natural potentials of the site.2. In the mined area Roßbach (Saxony‐Anhalt, Germany), we evaluated the effects of spontaneous succession and assisted site recovery (species introduction through hay transfer and sowing) during a 9‐year experiment. We asked how rates and pathways of vegetation development differ between treatments and whether species composition converges over time owing to species exchange.3. The application of green hay as well as the sowing of regional seed mixtures clearly accelerated vegetation development and led to the rapid establishment of species‐rich grasslands. Hay transfer was most successful owing to the high amount of transferable target species. Moreover, both treatments facilitated the establishment of cryptogams and provided effective erosion control. Also, hay transfer and sowing clearly affected the pathway of succession.Calamagrostis epigejosmigrated from nearby source populations and became increasingly dominant at sites with spontaneous succession. In contrast, the species‐rich grasslands established after hay transfer and sowing were highly resistant to invasion ofCalamagrostisand other ruderals.4. Species exchange between treatments led to increasing similarity in vegetation composition over time. Nine years after implementation of the experiment, we did not find any significant differences between treatments in terms of total vegetation cover, species richness and the number of target species. However, the dominance ratio between target and nontarget species differed significantly. Species introduction through hay transfer and sowing led to a permanently higher abundance of grassland species and a lower coverage of ruderals compared with spontaneously developed sites. Hence, our results highlight the importance of initial floristic composition and the order of species arrivals for long‐term vegetation development.5. Synthesis and applications. Hay transfer and sowing of regional seed mixtures are appropriate restoration tools to achieve rapid revegetation when no potential seed sources of target species are available nearby or there are undesirable species that need to be suppressed. Our results show that introduced grassland species are able to grow under postmining site conditions and can migrate into adjacent spontaneously developing sites. A combination of spontaneous and assisted site recovery can promote the development of species‐rich grasslands in postmining landscapes.
Eight (and a half) deadly sins of spatial analysis
Authors: Hawkins Bradford A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBiogeography is spatial by nature. Over the past 20 years, the literature related to the analysis of spatially structured data has exploded, much of it focused on a perceived problem of spatial autocorrelation and ways to deal with it. However, there are a number of other issues that permeate the biogeographical and macroecological literature that have become entangled in the spatial autocorrelation web. In this piece I discuss some of the assumptions that are often made in the analysis of spatially structured data that can lead to misunderstandings about the nature of spatial data, the methods used to analyse them, and how results can be interpreted.
Time‐course effects of St John’s wort on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in dogs
Authors: FUKUNAGA K. , ORITO K. 
Published: November 2011

Fukunaga, K., Orito, K. Time‐course effects of St John’s wort on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in dogs. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 446–451.To clarify the interaction between St John’s wort (SJW) and cyclosporine (CsA) in dogs, the pharmacokinetics of CsA before and during the repeated administration of SJW were analyzed. In the SJW group, SJW (300 mg) was given orally to four dogs every 24 h for 14 days. A single dose of CsA (5 mg/kg) was given orally 7 days before and 7 and 14 days after the initiation of the repeated administration of SJW. In the Control group, a single dose of CsA (5 mg/kg) was given orally to four other dogs in accordance with that in the SJW group. Blood samples from both groups were collected, and whole‐blood concentrations of CsA were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The maximum whole‐blood concentration and AUC0–∞ of the SJW group were significantly lower and the CLtot/F and Vd/F were significantly higher than those in the Control group 7 and 14 days after the initiation of repeated SJW. Thus, repeated administrations of SJW affect the pharmacokinetic profiles of CsA in dogs. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of interaction between SJW and CsA in dogs.
Two decades of describing the unseen majority of aquatic microbial diversity
Authors: ZINGER LUCIE , GOBET ANGÉLIQUE , POMMIER THOMAS 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAquatic environments harbour large and diverse microbial populations that ensure their functioning and sustainability. In the current context of global change, characterizing microbial diversity has become crucial, and new tools have been developed to overcome the methodological challenges posed by working with microbes in nature. The advent of Sanger sequencing and now next‐generation sequencing technologies has enabled the resolution of microbial communities to an unprecedented degree of precision. However, to correctly interpret microbial diversity and its patterns this revolution must also consider conceptual and methodological matters. This review presents advances, gaps and caveats of these recent approaches when considering microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems. We also discuss potentials and limitations of the available methodologies, from water sampling to sequence analysis, and suggest alternative ways to incorporate results in a conceptual and methodological framework. Together, these methods will allow us to gain an unprecedented understanding of microbial diversity in aquatic ecosystems.