bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact Forces of Plyometric Exercises Performed on Land and in Water
Authors: Donoghue Orna A. , Shimojo Hirofumi , Takagi Hideki 
Published: April 2011

Background: Aquatic plyometric programs are becoming increasingly popular because they provide a less stressful alternative to land-based programs. Buoyancy reduces the impact forces experienced in water. Purpose: To quantify the landing kinetics during a range of typical lower limb plyometric exercises performed on land and in water. Study Design: Crossover design. Methods: Eighteen male participants performed ankle hops, tuck jumps, a countermovement jump, a single-leg vertical jump, and a drop jump from 30 cm in a biomechanics laboratory and in a swimming pool. Land and underwater force plates (Kistler) were used to obtain peak impact force, impulse, rate of force development, and time to reach peak force for the landing phase of each jump. Results: Significant reductions were observed in peak impact forces (33%-54%), impulse (19%-54%), and rate of force development (33%-62%) in water compared with land for the majority of exercises in this study (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The level of force reduction varies with landing technique, water depth, and participant height and body composition. Clinical Relevance: This information can be used to reintroduce athletes to the demands of plyometric exercises after injury.
Body Mass Index and Percentage of Body Fat as Indicators for Obesity in an Adolescent Athletic Population
Authors: Etchison William C. , Bloodgood Elizabeth A. , Minton Cholly P. , Thompson Nancy J. , Collins Mary Ann , Hunter Stephen C. , Dai Hongying 
Published: April 2011

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is widely accepted in determining obesity. Skinfold thickness measurements have been commonly used to determine percentage of body fat. Hypothesis: The authors hypothesize that because BMI does not measure fat directly but relies on body weight alone, a large percentage of athletic adolescents will be misclassified as obese by BMI. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: To compare BMI and skinfold measurements as indicators for obesity in the adolescent athletic population, anthropometric data (height, weight, percentage body fat, age, and sex) were recorded from 33 896 student athletes (average age, 15 years; range, 11-19 years) during preparticipation physical examinations from 1985 to 2003. BMI was calculated from height and weight. Percentage of body fat was determined by measuring skinfold thickness. Results: According to their BMI percentile, 13.31% of adolescent athletes were obese. Using the skinfold method, only 5.95% were obese. Of those classified as obese by the BMI, 62% were considered false positives by the skinfold method. In contrast, there was a 99% probability that the nonobese by BMI would not be obese by the skinfold method (negative predictive value = 0.99). Conclusions: BMI is a measurement of relative body weight, not body composition. Because lean mass weighs far more than fat, many adolescent athletes are incorrectly classified as obese based on BMI. Skinfold testing provides a more accurate body assessment than BMI in adolescent athletes. Clinical Relevance: Correct body composition data can help to provide better diet and activity guidelines and prevent the psychological problems associated with being labeled as obese.
Microbiota Found in Protective Athletic Mouthguards
Authors: Glass Richard T. , Conrad Robert S. , Köhler Gerwald A. , Warren Aric J. , Bullard James W. 
Published: April 2011

Background: Protective athletic mouthguards (PAM) produce oral mucosal injuries and may be associated with other systemic conditions. Hypothesis: With wear, PAM become contaminated by a range of microorganisms. The number of microorganisms in PAM can be reduced by daily use of an antimicrobial solution. Study Type: Case series. Study Design and Methods: Sixty-two division I football player volunteers were divided into 4 groups, using PAM for varying lengths of time before surrendering them for microbial analysis. One group had their PAM soaked in an antimicrobial solution between uses. The PAM were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, using previously accepted methods. Results: The 62 football players surrendered a total of 81 PAM for microbial analysis. The PAM yielded 154 gram-positive cocci, 150 gram-positive bacilli, 21 gram-negative cocci, 31 gram-negative bacilli, 22 yeasts, and 107 molds. The most common species of gram-positive cocci were Staphylococcus spp. and Micrococcus spp. Only 3 PAM (4%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The most common species of gram-positive bacilli were Brevibacterium spp. and Cellulomonas spp. The most common species of yeasts were Candida parapsilosis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, while the most common species of mold were Cochliobolus spp. and Penicillium chrysogenum. Soaking the PAM in an antimicrobial solution between uses substantially reduced the numbers of microorganisms. Conclusions: Substantial microbial contamination of PAM occurs with use. The microbial load can be reduced by soaking in an antimicrobial solution between uses. Clinical Relevance: PAM are contaminated by microorganisms that have the potential to produce oral and systemic diseases. They should be sanitized daily and changed when they become sharp and/or jagged.
Combinatorial effects of microRNAs to suppress the Myc oncogenic pathway
Authors: Bueno María J. , Gómez de Cedrón Marta , Gómez-López Gonzalo , Pérez de Castro Ignacio , Di Lisio Lorena , Montes-Moreno Santiago , Martínez Nerea , Guerrero Manuel , Sánchez-Martínez Ruth , Santos Javier , Pisano David G. , Piris Miguel Angel , Fernández-Piqueras José , Malumbres Marcos 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Many mammalian transcripts contain target sites for multiple miRNAs, although it is not clear to what extent miRNAs may coordinately regulate single genes. We have mapped the interactions between down-regulated miRNAs and overexpressed target protein-coding genes in murine and human lymphomas. Myc, one of the hallmark oncogenes in these lymphomas, stands out as the up-regulated gene with the highest number of genetic interactions with down-regulated miRNAs in mouse lymphomas. The regulation of Myc by several of these miRNAs is confirmed by cellular and reporter assays. The same approach identifies MYC and multiple Myc targets as a preferential target of down-regulated miRNAs in human Burkitt lymphoma, a pathology characterized by translocated MYC oncogenes. These results indicate that several miRNAs must be coordinately down-regulated to enhance critical oncogenes, such as Myc. Some of these Myc-targeting miRNAs are repressed by Myc, suggesting that these tumors are a consequence of the unbalanced activity of Myc versus miRNAs.
A novel TNFR1-triggered apoptosis pathway mediated by class IA PI3Ks in neutrophils
Authors: Geering Barbara , Gurzeler Ursina , Federzoni Elena , Kaufmann Thomas , Simon Hans-Uwe 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe most common form of neutrophil death is apoptosis. In the present study, we report surprising differences in the molecular mechanisms used for caspase activation between FAS/CD95-stimulated and TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)–stimulated neutrophils. Whereas FAS-induced apoptosis was followed by caspase-8 activation and required Bid to initiate the mitochondrial amplification loop, TNF-α–induced apoptosis involved class IA PI3Ks, which were activated by MAPK p38. TNF-α–induced PI3K activation resulted in the generation of reactive oxygen species, which activated caspase-3, a mechanism that did not operate in neutrophils without active NADPH oxidase. We conclude that in neutrophils, proapoptotic pathways after TNFR1 stimulation are initiated by p38 and PI3K, but not by caspase-8, a finding that should be considered in anti-inflammatory drug-development strategies.
Circulating human B lymphocytes are deficient in nucleotide excision repair and accumulate mutations upon proliferation
Authors: Hyka-Nouspikel Nevila , Lemonidis Kimon , Lu Wei-Ting , Nouspikel Thierry 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Faithful repair of DNA lesions is a crucial task that dividing cells must actively perform to maintain genome integrity. Strikingly, nucleotide excision repair (NER), the most versatile DNA repair system, is specifically down-regulated in terminally differentiated cells. This prompted us to examine whether NER attenuation might be a common feature of all G0-arrested cells, and in particular of those that retain the capacity to reenter cell cycle and might thus convert unrepaired DNA lesions into mutations, a prerequisite for malignant transformation. Here we report that quiescent primary human B lymphocytes down-regulate NER at the global genome level while maintaining proficient repair of constitutively expressed genes. Quiescent B cells exposed to an environment that causes both DNA damage and proliferation accumulate point mutations in silent and inducible genes crucial for cell replication and differentiation, such as BCL6 and Cyclin D2. Similar to differentiated cells, NER attenuation in quiescent cells is associated with incomplete phosphorylation of the ubiquitin activating enzyme Ube1, which is required for proficient NER. Our data establish a mechanistic link between NER attenuation during quiescence and cell mutagenesis and also support the concept that oncogenic events targeting cell cycle- or activation-induced genes might initiate genomic instability and lymphomagenesis.
Platelet CD36 surface expression levels affect functional responses to oxidized LDL and are associated with inheritance of specific genetic polymorphisms
Authors: Ghosh Arunima , Murugesan Gurunathan , Chen Kan , Zhang Li , Wang Qing , Febbraio Maria , Anselmo Rita Marie , Marchant Kandice , Barnard John , Silverstein Roy L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCD36 modulates platelet function via binding to oxidized LDL (oxLDL), cell-derived microparticles, and thrombospondin-1. We hypothesized that the level of platelet CD36 expression may be associated with inheritance of specific genetic polymorphisms and that this would determine platelet reactivity to oxLDL. Analysis of more than 500 subjects revealed that CD36 expression levels were consistent in individual donors over time but varied widely among donors (200-14 000 molecules per platelet). Platelet aggregometry and flow cytometry in a subset of subjects with various CD36 expression levels revealed a high level of correlation (r2 = 0.87) between platelet activation responses to oxLDL and level of CD36 expression. A genome-wide association study of 374 white subjects from the Cleveland Clinic ASCLOGEN study showed strong associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in CD36 with platelet surface CD36 expression. Most of these findings were replicated in a smaller subset of 25 black subjects. An innovative gene-based genome-wide scan provided further evidence that single nucleotide polymorphisms in CD36 were strongly associated with CD36 expression. These studies show that CD36 expression on platelets varies widely, correlates with functional responses to oxLDL, and is associated with inheritance of specific CD36 genetic polymorphisms, and suggest that inheritance of specific CD36 polymorphisms could affect thrombotic risk.
In vivomonitoring of cystic fibrosis-like lung disease in mice by volumetric computed tomography
Authors: Wielpütz M.O. , Eichinger M. , Zhou Z. , Leotta K. , Hirtz S. , Bartling S.H. , Semmler W. , Kauczor H-U. , Puderbach M. , Mall M.A. 
Published: April 2011

The onset and spontaneous development of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease remain poorly understood. In the present study, we used volumetric computed tomography (VCT) as a new method for longitudinalin vivomonitoring of early lesions and disease progression in CF-like lung disease in β-epithelial Na+channel (ENaC)-transgenic (TG) mice.Using a VCT scanner prototype (80 kV, 50 mA·s, scan time 19 s and spatial resolution 200 μm), βENaC-TG mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were examined longitudinally at 10 time-points from neonatal to adult ages, and VCT images were assessed by qualitative and quantitative morphological parameters.We demonstrate that VCT detected early-onset airway mucus obstruction, diffuse infiltrates, atelectasis and air trapping as characteristic abnormalities in βENaC-TG mice. Furthermore, we show that early tracheal mucus obstruction predicted mortality in βENaC-TG mice and that the density of lung parenchyma was significantly reduced at all time-points in βENaC-TG compared with WT mice (median±sem-558±8 HU in WTversus-686±16 HU in βENaC-TG at 6 weeks of age; p<0.005).Our study demonstrates that VCT is a sensitive, noninvasive technique for early detection and longitudinal monitoring of morphological abnormalities of CF-like lung disease in mice, and may thus provide a useful tool for pre-clinicalin vivoevaluation of novel treatment strategies for CF.
SERPINE1-675 4G/5G polymorphism is associated with asthma severity and inhaled corticosteroid response
Authors: Dijkstra A. , Postma D.S. , Bruinenberg M. , van Diemen C.C. , Boezen H.M. , Koppelman G.H. , Timens W. , Vonk J.M. 
Published: April 2011

Asthma is characterised by chronic airway inflammation and remodelling, which can be (partially) suppressed by inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, encoded by theSERPINE1gene,is the key inhibitor of the plasminogen activator system, which affects tissue repair and remodelling.We studied associations between a functionalSERPINE1-675 4G/5G promoter polymorphism and asthma development, severity and response to ICSs.Longitudinal cohorts of 281 asthmatics and their nonasthmatic spouses, and the general population (n=1,390) were studied. No significant associations were found with asthma development and immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels, or with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in nonasthmatic controls. Asthmatic subjects carrying theSERPINE15G allele had higher IgE and lower lung function levels at follow-up, lower maximally attained lung function levels, and faster lung function decline compared with individuals with the 4G/4G genotype. ICS treatment showed an immediate improvement in FEV1in asthmatics carrying the 5G allele. However, these asthmatics still had the fastest rate of FEV1decline after initiating ICS treatment. Finally, the 5G allele was associated with a lower prevalence of complete asthma remission at follow-up.These findings suggest thatSERPINE1is not an asthma susceptibility gene, but rather affects the severity, progression and long-term ICS response in asthma.
Inhaled dry powder mannitol in cystic fibrosis: an efficacy and safety study
Authors: Bilton D. , Robinson P. , Cooper P. , Gallagher C.G. , Kolbe J. , Fox H. , Jaques A. , Charlton B. 
Published: April 2011

This international phase III study of inhaled dry powder mannitol was a randomised, double-blind, 26-week study, followed by a further 26-week, open-label (OL) extension. 324 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients were randomised, in a 3:2 ratio, to mannitol (400 mgb.i.d.) and control groups. The primary efficacy end-point was to determine the change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) over the double-blind phase. Secondary end-points included changes in forced vital capacity and pulmonary exacerbations.A significant improvement in FEV1was seen over 26 weeks (p<0.001) and was apparent by 6 weeks, irrespective of concomitant recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) use. At 26 weeks, there was a significant improvement in FEV1of 92.9 mL for subjects receiving mannitol compared with controls (change from baseline 118.9 mL (6.5%)versus26.0 mL (2.4%); p<0.001). Improvements in FEV1were maintained up to 52 weeks in the OL part of the study. There was a 35.4% reduction in the incidence of having an exacerbation on mannitol (p=0.045).The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar in both groups, although treatment-related AEs were higher in the mannitol compared with the control group. The most common mannitol-related AEs were cough, haemoptysis and pharyngolaryngeal pain.Mannitol showed sustained, clinically meaningful benefit in airway function in CF, irrespective of concomitant rhDNase use. Mannitol appears to have an acceptable safety profile for patients with CF.
An open-label trial of rituximab therapy in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Kavuru M.S. , Malur A. , Marshall I. , Barna B.P. , Meziane M. , Huizar I. , Dalrymple H. , Karnekar R. , Thomassen M.J. 
Published: April 2011

Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the B-lymphocyte antigen CD20, has shown promise in several autoimmune disorders. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by autoantibodies to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).An open-label, proof-of-concept phase II clinical trial was conducted in 10 PAP patients. The intervention consisted of two intravenous infusions of rituximab (1,000 mg) 15 days apart. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and peripheral blood samples were collected.The primary outcome was improvement in arterial blood oxygenation. Both arterial oxygen tension and alveolar–arterial oxygen tension difference in room air improved in seven out of the nine patients completing the study. Lung function and high-resolution computed tomography scans, which were secondary outcomes, also improved. Peripheral blood CD19+ B-lymphocytes decreased from mean±sem15±2% to <0.05% (n=10) 15 days post-therapy. This decrease persisted for 3 months in all patients; at 6 months, CD19+ B-cells were detected in four out of seven patients (5±2%). Total anti-GM-CSF immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels from baseline to 6 months were decreased in BAL fluids (n=8) but unchanged in sera (n=9).In this PAP cohort: 1) rituximab was well-tolerated and effectively ameliorated lung disease; and 2) reduction in anti-GM-CSF IgG levels in the lung correlated with disease changes, suggesting that disease pathogenesis is related to autoantibody levels in the target organ.
Processing SPARQL queries with regular expressions in RDF databases
Authors: Lee Jinsoo , Pham Minh-Duc , Lee Jihwan , Han Wook-Shin , Cho Hune , Yu Hwanjo , Lee Jeong-Hoon 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
As the Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model is widely used for modeling and sharing a lot of online bioinformatics resources such as Uniprot (dev.isb-sib.ch/projects/uniprot-rdf) or Bio2RDF (bio2rdf.org), SPARQL - a W3C recommendation query for RDF databases - has become an important query language for querying the bioinformatics knowledge bases. Moreover, due to the diversity of users’ requests for extracting information from the RDF data as well as the lack of users’ knowledge about the exact value of each fact in the RDF databases, it is desirable to use the SPARQL query with regular expression patterns for querying the RDF data. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no work that efficiently supports regular expression processing in SPARQL over RDF databases. Most of the existing techniques for processing regular expressions are designed for querying a text corpus, or only for supporting the matching over the paths in an RDF graph.

Results
In this paper, we propose a novel framework for supporting regular expression processing in SPARQL query. Our contributions can be summarized as follows. 1) We propose an efficient framework for processing SPARQL queries with regular expression patterns in RDF databases. 2) We propose a cost model in order to adapt the proposed framework in the existing query optimizers. 3) We build a prototype for the proposed framework in C++ and conduct extensive experiments demonstrating the efficiency and effectiveness of our technique.

Conclusions
Experiments with a full-blown RDF engine show that our framework outperforms the existing ones by up to two orders of magnitude in processing SPARQL queries with regular expression patterns.
Multidisciplinary assessment of tako tsubo cardiomyopathy: a prospective case study
Authors: Waldenborg Micael , Soholat Mona , Kähäri Anders , Emilsson Kent , Fröbert Ole 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
The cause of tako tsubo cardiomyopathy remains unclear. We used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate if a common pathophysiological denominator could be outlined.

Methods
Within 3 days following symptom presentation and again after 3 months we investigated all patients coming to our institution and diagnosed with tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. Patients underwent extensive biochemical screening. Left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiac autonomic function was studied by heart rate variability and signal-averaged electrocardiogram and posttraumatic stress and depression were investigated by questionnaires (the Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome 10-Questions Inventory, PTSS-10 and the Montgomery-Åsberg depression rating scale, self rated version, MADRS-S).

Results
During 2 years, 13 consecutive patients were included. Markers of myocardial damage and heart failure were slightly to moderately elevated and ejection fraction (echocardiography and MRi) was moderately reduced at hospitalization and improved to normal values in all patients. Signal averaged ECG demonstrated a statistically significant shorter duration of the filtered QRS complex in the acute phase as compared to follow-up. In heart rate variability analysis, SDNN and SDANN were shorter acutely compared to follow-up. Two patients fulfilled criteria for posttraumatic stress syndrome while 7 patients were in the borderline zone. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between PTSS-10 score and QRS duration in the signal-averaged ECG (r = -0.66, P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Patients with tako tsubo cardiomyopathy have altered cardiac autonomic function and a high incidence rate of borderline or definite posttraumatic stress syndrome acutely. This is in line with findings in patients with myocardial infarction and does not allow conclusions on cause and effect.