bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the impact of high‐resolution, high‐frequency meteorological forcing on Denmark Strait ocean circulation
Authors: Haine T. W. N. , Zhang S. , Moore G. W. K. , Renfrew I. A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper quantifies and discusses the impact of high‐resolution, high‐frequency atmospheric forcing on the ocean circulation in the vicinity of the Denmark Strait. The approach is to force a 2 km resolution regional ocean circulation model with atmospheric states from reanalysis products that have different spatial and temporal resolutions. We use the National Center for Environmental Prediction global reanalysis data (2.5° resolution, 6‐hourly output) and a specially configured regional atmospheric model (12 km resolution, hourly output). The focus is on the month‐long period in winter 2007 during the Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment. Diagnostics of upper‐ocean currents and mixing are sensitive to the small‐scale variability in the high‐resolution regional atmospheric model. The hydrographic state of the ocean model is insensitive over the month‐long experiments, however. Both sea ice and the fluxes of volume, heat, and freshwater across the east Greenland shelf break and through the Denmark Strait show a moderate response to the high‐resolution atmospheric forcing. The synoptic‐scale atmospheric state has a large role in controlling sea ice too, while internal ocean dynamics is the dominant factor controlling the flux diagnostics. It is the high spatial resolution, not the temporal resolution, that causes these effects, with O(10 km)‐scale features being most important. The sea‐level wind field is responsible, with the other atmospheric fields playing relatively minor roles. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Analysis sensitivity calculation in an ensemble Kalman filter
Authors: Liu Junjie , Kalnay Eugenia , Miyoshi Takemasa , Cardinali Carla 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAnalysis sensitivity indicates the sensitivity of an analysis to the observations, which is complementary to the sensitivity of the analysis to the background. In this paper, we discuss a method to calculate this quantity in an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). The calculation procedure and the geometrical interpretation, which shows that the analysis sensitivity is proportional to the analysis error and anti‐correlated with the observation error, are experimentally verified with the Lorenz 40‐variable model. With the analysis sensitivity, the cross‐validation in its original formulation can be efficiently computed in EnKFs, and this property can be used in observational quality control.Idealized experiments based on a simplified‐parametrization primitive equation global model show that the information content (the trace of the analysis sensitivity f any subset of observations) qualitatively agrees with the actual observation impact calculated from much more expensive data‐denial experiments, not only for the same type of dynamical variable, but also for different types of dynamical variables. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
An electropneumatic‐heated nebulizer for enhancing spray ionization in PhotoSpray atmospheric pressure photoionization sources for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Robb Damon B. , Blades Michael W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe introduce a novel electropneumatic‐heated nebulizer (EPn‐HN), incorporating an electrified internal pneumatic nebulizer, to enhance the yield of sprayed ions from PhotoSpray™ atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) sources for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Spray ionization from the pneumatic‐heated nebulizers used in APPI sources provides a supplemental, complementary ionization method to be used for involatile and thermally labile compounds, otherwise intractable to APPI. Details of the construction and operation of the EPn‐HN device are provided. The performance of the EPn‐HN is demonstrated using two model compounds: substance P, a peptide used as a standard in studies of ion fragmentation mechanisms, and aztreonam, a thermally labile antibiotic. At the optimum voltage for spray ionization, improvements in sensitivity of two orders of magnitude are obtained relative to when the sprayer is grounded, the conventional case. Since both substance P and aztreonam cannot be detected using the APPI method alone, the results demonstrate how spray ionization from the EPn‐HN may be used to extend the range of compounds amenable to PhotoSpray sources. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric‐pressure spin plasma jets processing of polymethylmethacrylate surface using experimental design methodology
Authors: Chen Tai‐Hung , Liu Chi‐Hung , Teng Jyh‐tong , Su Chun‐Hsien , Huang Chun , Sheu Han‐Lin , Lin Shermann 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAtmospheric‐pressure spin plasma jets (APSPJs) have been developed to induce surface modifications on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). In this study, an experimental design methodology was used to investigate the influence of process parameters [such as radio frequency (RF) power, processing gap, and number of treatment cycles] on the characteristics of PMMA surface treated by APSPJs. It was observed from the atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results that the surface morphology of PMMA treated by direct plasma is much rougher than that treated by remote plasma. The direct plasma used in APSPJs processing created a substantial amount of nanostructure grains. Moreover, the measured XPS results showed that the O/C ratios of the PMMA surface were substantially increased and subsequently water contact angle decreased on direct plasma treatment. This decrease is due to an increase of oxygen‐containing functional groups on the PMMA surface by the APSPJs processing. From the statistical analysis, the RF power and the processing gap were found to play a major role in enhancing the hydrophilic properties of PMMA surface. In contrast, the number of treatment cycles played only a secondary role in this case. Finally, in this study the APSPJs processing was demonstrated to be an effective method for surface modification of PMMA by controlling processing parameters during the treatment process. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct detection of nicotine and cotinine in dusted latent fingermarks of smokers by using hydrophobic silica particles and MS
Authors: Benton Matthew , Rowell Frederick , Sundar Latha , Jan Ma 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSub‐micron sized hydrophobic silica particles doped with carbon black have been employed with latent fingermarks on glass and metal surfaces to develop a simple method for detecting nicotine and cotinine using surface assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (SALDI‐TOF‐MS) in positive ion reflectron mode. Dusting of surfaces enables location of marks for conventional identification of details but the particles also act as a laser desorption/ionisation enhancing agent (LDI) equivalent to a standard matrix enhancer 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid used in matrix assisted LDI‐TOF‐MS (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). The method has been applied in the analysis of smokers' latent fingermarks on metal and glass surfaces. The metal surfaces were analysed following direct MS analysis of the pre‐dusted prints, while the glass surfaces were analysed following lifting using commercial tape, and then MS analysis of these pre‐dusted prints. In all cases of smokers, a major peak at m/z 163 (nicotine+1) and a less intense peak at m/z 161 (possibly anatabine+1) were found in the prints and in some cases additional peaks at 177 (cotinine+1) and 199 (possibly cotinine+Na) were observed. The presence of nicotine and cotinine in smokers' marks was confirmed using SALDI‐TOF‐MS‐MS following high energy collision‐induced dissociation when characteristic fragmentation patterns were observed for each compound. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Length Distribution of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Suspension Measured by Electrospray Differential Mobility Analysis
Authors: Pease Leonard F. , Tsai De‐Hao , Fagan Jeffery A. , Bauer Barry J. , Zangmeister Rebecca A. , Tarlov Michael J. , Zachariah Michael R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe first characterization of the length distribution of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) dispersed in a liquid by electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES‐DMA) is presented. Although an understanding of geometric properties of SWCNTs, including length, diameter, aspect ratio, and chirality, is essential for commercial applications, rapid characterization of nanotube length distributions remains challenging. Here the use of ES‐DMA to obtain length distributions of DNA‐wrapped SWCNTs dispersed in aqueous solutions is demonstrated. Lengths measured by ES‐DMA compare favorably with those obtained from multiangle light scattering, dynamic light scattering, field flow fractionation with UV/vis detection, and atomic force microscopy, validating ES‐DMA as a technique to measure SWCNTs of <250 nm in length. The nanotubes are previously purified and dispersed by wrapping with oligomeric DNA in aqueous solution and centrifuging to remove bundles and amorphous carbon. These dispersions are particularly attractive due to their amenability to bulk processing, ease of storage, high concentration, compatibility with biological and high‐throughput manufacturing environments, and for their potential applications ranging from electronics and hydrogen‐storage vessels to anticancer agents.
SSRI antidepressants do not confound single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging studies using the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor [123I]5‐I‐A85380 ligand: In vivo and in vitro evidence
Authors: Cavanagh Jonathan , Patterson James , Pimlott Sally , Wyper David , Dewar Deborah 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurpose: In clinical molecular imaging the interaction between antidepressant medication and SPECT ligands is a significant potential confound. This study measured nAChR availability, as determined by SPECT imaging, on and off selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in first episode depressed patients. Methods: Five patients in their first episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) on a single SSRI underwent [123I]5‐I‐A85380‐ SPECT neuroimaging prior to stopping their medication and again 6 weeks following medication cessation. Autoradiography of post mortem brain tissue with [125I]5‐I‐A85380 in the presence or absence of four commonly prescribed antidepressants was also assessed. Results: SSRI antidepressants did not affect the relative binding availability of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors for the [123I]5‐I‐A85380 ligand in vivo. Radioligand binding in vitro was unaffected by a single, high pharmacological concentration of antidepressants. Conclusion: SPECT imaging studies using [123I]5‐I‐A85380 to measure α4β2 nAChR availability in depressed patients are unlikely to be confounded to a major degree by concurrent antidepressant medication. Synapse 64:111–116, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The selective α1adrenoceptor antagonist HEAT reduces L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Buck Kerstin , Ferger Boris 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn Parkinson's disease (PD), the long term use of L‐DOPA results in major adverse effects including dyskinesia or abnormal involuntary movements. The present study focuses on the effect of the selective α1adrenoceptor antagonist HEAT (2‐[[β‐(‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]aminomethyl]‐1‐tetralone) in the 6‐hydroxydopamine rat model of L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. We demonstrate that the selective α1adrenoceptor antagonist HEAT (1 and 2 mg kg−1), the α2adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (9 mg kg−1), and the nonselective β1/β2adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (20 mg kg−1) alleviate dyskinetic movements induced by L‐DOPA. Furthermore, the adrenoceptor antagonists at the doses used did not influence exploratory behavior in the open field system indicating that the antidyskinetic effect is not due to a reduction in general motor activity. Intrastriatal administration of the selective α1adrenoceptor agonist cirazoline via reverse in vivo microdialysis did not induce dyskinesia. Additionally, we measured plasma, brain, and CSF levels of HEAT. HEAT is a CNS active compound with a brain/plasma and CSF/plasma ratio of 4.29 and 0.15, respectively, which is appropriate for the investigation of α1‐mediated mechanisms in CNS disorders. In conclusion, these results demonstrated for the first time that a α1adrenoceptor antagonist reduced L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in a rat model. Further studies assessing the risk benefit in comparison to existing therapies are needed before considering α1adrenoceptor antagonists as a target for the development of new antidyskinetic compounds. Synapse 64:117–126, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal binge‐like alcohol exposure decreases dendritic complexity while increasing the density of mature spines in mPFC Layer II/III pyramidal neurons
Authors: Hamilton Gillian F. , Whitcher Lee T. , Klintsova Anna Y. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPrenatal exposure to alcohol in humans can result in a wide range of deficits collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Of these deficits, cognitive impairments are among the most debilitating and long‐lasting. Specifically, cognitive impairments in executive functioning suggest damage to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Several external stimuli, such as morphine, chronic stress, and maternal stress have been found to alter the dendritic structure of cells within the PFC. In this study, three groups of rat pups were used: intubated with alcohol (5.25 g/kg/day; AE), sham intubated (SI), or suckle controls (SC) on PD 4–9. On PD 26–30 rats were anesthetized, perfused with saline and brains were processed for Golgi‐Cox staining. Basilar dendritic complexity, spine density, and spine phenotypes were evaluated for Layer II/III neurons in the medial PFC. Results indicate that AE rats have an altered basilar dendritic complexity due to a significant decrease in both length and number of intersections in proximity to the neuronal soma. Furthermore, spine density patterns of basilar dendrites remain unchanged while the density of mature vs. immature spines significantly changes. These effects were not seen in the apical dendrites, indicating alcohol's influence on different neuronal parts in a single cell. In addition, these results suggest that the innervations of the soma and basilar dendrites by thalamic projections may play a role. Thus, our data demonstrates that postnatal exposure to alcohol produces changes in the neuronal organization of rat adolescent PFC that may affect the performance on prefrontal‐dependant behavioral tasks. Synapse 64:127–135, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Paraduodenal” Pancreatitis: Results of Surgery on 58 Consecutives Patients from a Single Institution
Authors: Casetti L. , Bassi C. , Salvia R. , Butturini G. , Graziani R. , Falconi M. , Frulloni L. , Crippa S. , Zamboni G. , Pederzoli P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundCystic dystrophy of heterotopic pancreas, groove pancreatitis, pancreatic hamartoma of the duodenum, paraduodenal wall cyst, and myoadenomatosis are all terms grouped together, from a pathological viewpoint, as definitions of paraduodenal pancreatitis (PP). The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, therapeutic strategies, and results in 58 patients undergoing pancreatic resection for PP.MethodsFrom January 1990 to December 2006 data were prospectively collected on 58 patients who were diagnosed with PP who then underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy.ResultsIn this patient cohort the median age was 44.7 years; only 4 patients were women, and only 3 had non‐drinker and/or non smoker habits. The overall morbidity was 18.9%, and the median hospitalization was 11 days. There were no postoperative deaths. In a median follow‐up of 96.3 months, all patients noted a decrease in the pain associated with PP; 35 patients (76%) had complete disappearance of pain, whereas occasional relapsing pain occurred in the remaining 11 (24%).ConclusionsPatients with PP have clinical characteristics similar to those of chronic pancreatitis. The diagnostic imaging modalities of choice are ultrasonographic endoscopy and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography. Based on our surgical experience, pancreaticoduodenectomy seems to be a reasonable choice of treatment in patients with PP.
Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pictorial review of novel insights into pathophysiological features revealed by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Shimofusa Ryota , Ueda Takuya , Kishimoto Takashi , Nakajima Masayuki , Yoshikawa Masaharu , Kondo Fukuo , Ito Hisao 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is one of the most powerful modalities for the assessment of HCC with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. In addition to its capacity for lesion detection, MR imaging delineates some unique in vivo pathophysiological features of tumors, which cannot be assessed by other modalities. Chemical shift imaging may depict steatosis of the tumor. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging is the most powerful tool to assess the vascularity of the tumor, which is closely related to malignant transformation in hepatocarcinogenesis. Diffusion‐weighted imaging illustrates the cellularity of the tumor. Super‐paramagnetic iron oxide, a liver‐specific MR contrast agent accumulating in Kupffer cells, enables detection of the hepatocellular architecture in the lesion. Recently, a new liver‐specific MR contrast agent, gadoxetic acid [gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl (Gd‐EOB)‐diethylenetriaminopentoacetic acid (DTPA)], has been introduced for clinical imaging. Gd‐EOB‐DTPA has a significant impact on the imaging of HCC, with potential capacity for the concurrent assessment of vascularity of the tumor and hepatocellular‐specific properties within the tumor. Understanding the characteristics of MR imaging methods and contrast agents is essential for the optimal diagnosis and characterization of HCCs.
Combined effect of ENSO and SAM on the population dynamics of the invasive yellowjacket wasp in central Chile
Authors: Estay Sergio A. , Lima Mauricio 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe population dynamics of the yellowjacket wasp (Vespula germanica Fabricus) in central Chile were analyzed for the first time. Using a simple Ricker logistic model and adding the effects of local weather variables (temperature and precipitation) and large‐scale climate phenomena as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), we modeled the interannual fluctuations in nest density. The best model according to the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) included 1‐year‐lag negative feedback combined with the positive additive effects of ENSO and SAM. According to this model, yellowjacket nest density was favored by warm and dry winters, which probably influenced the survival of overwintering queens. Large‐scale climatic variables [Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and SAM] described the effect of exogenous factors in wasp fluctuations better than local weather variables did. Our results emphasize the usefulness of climate indices and simple theoretical‐based models in insect ecological research.
A Prospective Audit of Postoperative Pain Control in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Trudeau Jacqueline D. , Lamb Elizabeth , Gowans Margot , Lauder Gillian 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTPain is a subjective experience that is affected by physical, emotional, and psychological factors, and reliable assessment of pain can be a challenge in the pediatric population.A quality improvement project was conducted at one Canadian health care facility to examine the effectiveness of the postoperative pain management strategy for children admitted to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).Effective control of postoperative pain involves several preventive strategies that include preoperative analgesia, appropriate use of intraoperative analgesic techniques, and identification of children at risk for significant postoperative pain. Successful implementation of these techniques requires a multidisciplinary team approach involving the patient, the PACU nurses, the anesthesia care provider, and other surgical team members. AORN J 90 (October 2009) 531–542. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Using a Collaborative Child Life Approach for Continuous Surgical Preparation
Authors: Sorensen Hayley L. , Card Carrie A. , Malley Mary T. , Strzelecki Jessica M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTChild life specialists in surgical and perioperative programs use a systematic approach to provide continuous preparation for pediatric surgical patients.Within the context of family‐centered care, all staff members share in the ongoing responsibility of minimizing stress and maximizing effective coping for children and their parents or caregivers. Multidisciplinary collaboration increases positive outcomes for pediatric patients and their families.Detailed descriptions of the procedures used at Children's Hospital Boston and a case study are discussed to exemplify the coping benefits of using a collaborative child life approach to provide continuous preparation for surgical patients. AORN J 90 (October 2009) 557–566. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Establishment of the symbiosis inConvoluta roscoffensis
Authors: Douglas A. E. 
Published: October 2009

Of a wide range of algae tested, juvenileConvoluta roscoffensisingested onlyPlatymonas convolutae, the natural symbiont; related species of the generaPlatymonas, PrasinocladusandTetraselmis; andChlamydomonas coccoides. Platymonas convolutaewas not ingested to a greater extent thanPrasinocladus marinus, Tetraselmis tetratheleandTetraselmis verrucosa, or taken up in preference toT. verrucosawhen animals were exposed to a choice between the two species. Convoluta ingested fewer cells ofC. coccoidesthanP. convolutaeand related species. Uptake ofP. convolutaewas not affected by pretreatment of the cells with lectins or proteases, incubation in media of pH 5·0–9·0 or inhibition of algal photosynthesis, but was substantially reduced if the algae were killed.Cells ofP. convolutae, Pr. marinus, T. tetratheleandT. verrucosapersisted and divided in juvenile Convoluta. The algal population in the worms started to increase 2–3 d after ingestion and within 15–20 d the animals were uniformly green. These algae formed a viable symbiosis with Convoluta and promoted the growth of the animals. In contrast,C. coccoidescells did not persist in Convoluta for more than 12–24 h a nd were probably disrupted.P. convolutaecells lost their thecae within a few days of ingestion and before migration from the central to sub-epidermal region of the animal. Animal vacuoles surrounded recently ingested thecate algae. Structural studies of the adult symbiosis suggest that the algae were also intracellular and enclosed in vacuoles.It is proposed that Convoluta discriminates against algae unrelated toP. convolutaeon initial contact and in the central region of the host. The nature of the recognition mechanism(s) has not been established.