bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histochemical Analyses of Anti‐Microbial Substances in Canine Perianal Skin with Special Reference to Glandular Structures
Authors: Nara T. , Yasui T. , Fujimori O. , Meyer W. , Tsukise A. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryCircumanal glands are prominent features of the canine perianal skin, which are often located near to the sebaceous glands and apocrine glands. As the functional relevance of circumanal glands is yet unknown, we studied the localisation of sialic acids and anti‐microbial substances (lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, β‐defensin) in these glandular structures by lectin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The glands exhibited a number of sialic acids that were linked to α2‐6Gal/GalNAc and α2‐3Galβ1‐4GlcNAc. Additionally, lysozyme, lactoferrin and β‐defensin could be demonstrated in the three types of skin glands, whereas IgA was only detectable in the apocrine glands. The results of the study suggest the specific significance of the circumanal glands. Independent of a certain endocrine role, their products may mainly function as protective agents to preserve the integrity of the anal region, considering that sialic acids and anti‐microbial substances are important in defence mechanisms.
Nest Attendance does not Predict Offspring Desertion by Eurasian Penduline Tit Parents
Authors: van Dijk René E. , Komdeur Jan , Székely Tamás 
Published: June 2012

AbstractParental care is costly, and in many organisms, the male or the female parent benefits from reducing its own care which may be compensated for by its mate. One of the parents may even face all costs of parental care if its mate deserts and leaves him/her to care for the offspring alone. Theoretical models have generated contrasting predictions as to how parents negotiate a resolution of this sexual conflict over care, although empirical tests are largely lacking. We investigated pre‐desertion behaviour (nest attendance) of a highly polygamous passerine, the Eurasian penduline tit (
Remiz pendulinus) that exhibits intense sexual conflict over care culminating in clutch desertion by the male, by the female or by both parents. We conjectured that nest attendance of parents should predict desertion, so that the lack of care provided by the deserting parent may be compensated for. By analysing over 200 000 video frames (2.50 ± 1.36 d per pair, 302 ± 170 min/d) of 20 pairs, we show that nest desertion is not a gradual process and cannot be predicted by nest attendance. These results are consistent with the argument that the predictable desertion may not be evolutionarily stable, and suggest that male and female penduline tits do not negotiate clutch desertion.
Calf foetal and early life nutrition on grazing conditions: metabolic and endocrine profiles and body composition during the growing phase
Authors: Gutiérrez V. , Espasandin A. C. , Astessiano A. L. , Casal A. , López‐Mazz C. , Carriquiry M. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition during foetal and lactation periods on calf growth and body composition, and their association with changes in metabolic and endocrine profiles during the calf first year of life on purebred (Hereford and Angus) and cross‐bred (F1) dam offspring. Forty cross‐bred calves and their dams (purebred – PU: Hereford and Angus, and cross‐bred – CR: F1) were used in a randomized block design with a factorial arrangement of herbage allowance of native pastures (high: Hi‐HA and low: Lo‐HA), 4 vs. 2.5 kg dry matter/kg body weight (BW) and dam genotype (PU vs. CR). Calf BW and blood samples were collected monthly from birth to 380 ± 15 days of age, and body composition was estimated by the urea dilution technique at weaning (142 ± 15 days) and 380 days. Calf birthweight did not differ among groups but from birth to 380 days, and BW was reduced (p = 0.046) in Lo‐PU offspring. Although Lo‐CR calves achieved similar BW than Hi‐PU and Hi‐CR offspring, they showed an increased fat in detriment of lean tissue deposition. At birth, plasma total protein was less (p = 0.04), while plasma glucose, insulin or IGF‐I tended or were greater (p < 0.072) in Hi‐HA than Lo‐HA calves. Greater (p < 0.03) plasma total protein and/or glucose concentrations during the first months of lactation were observed in CR offspring associated with the greater dam milk production. Although glucose concentrations did not differ among calf groups after weaning, plasma insulin was greater (p = 0.004) in Hi‐PU than other groups at 380 days. Consistent with the reduced BW, Lo‐PU offspring presented the lowest (p = 0.026) plasma IGF‐I from birth to 380 days. Herbage allowance of native grasslands during calf foetal and lactation periods interacted with maternal heterosis to affect, in the short and/or long term, calf BW or body composition, and metabolic and endocrine profiles.
Effect of Acute Bull Exposure Around the Time of Artificial Insemination on Serum Oxytocin and Progesterone Concentrations and Pregnancy Rates in Dairy Cows
Authors: Ababneh MM , Obeidat IN , Husein MQ , Talafha AQ 
Published: June 2012

ContentsThis study examined the effect of acute bull exposure around the time of artificial insemination (AI) on oxytocin and progesterone concentrations, and pregnancy rates in dairy cows. Ninety six dairy cows, stratified according to parity into primiparous and pluriparous, were divided into three groups; short bull exposure (SBE; 10 min, n = 32), long bull exposure (LBE; 4 h, n = 32) or no bull exposure (NBE; n = 32). On day 45 post‐partum, all cows were treated with PGF2α on three occasions 11–14 days apart to synchronize oestrus. They were submitted to fixed time AI 80 h after the third PGF2α injection. Cows in the SBE and LBE groups were artificially inseminated 5 min after the introduction of the bull. From a subset of cows (n = 6 per group; three primiparous and three pluriparous), blood samples were collected once every 5 min starting 15 min before AI until 15 min after AI and analysed for oxytocin concentrations. Additional blood samples were collected for measurements of progesterone (P4) concentrations once daily for 4 days starting on the day of AI and once every 3 days thereafter until day 22. The effects of bull exposure, time, parity, difficulty of AI, and pregnancy on oxytocin and P4 concentrations were analysed using the mixed linear model procedure. Mean oxytocin concentrations or change in oxytocin concentrations after bull exposure or AI were not different among groups. Pregnancy rates for the NBE, SBE and LBE groups were 55.5%, 33.3% and 44.4%, respectively, and were not different among groups. In conclusion, acute bull exposure around the time of AI did not affect oxytocin and progesterone concentrations and did not improve pregnancy rates in dairy cattle under these farms conditions.
Towards a more liveable life for close relatives of individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder
Authors: Rusner Marie , Carlsson Gunilla , Brunt David , Nyström Maria 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe life of close relatives of persons with bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with emotional distress, depression, and a high level of use of mental health care. Illness‐related changes of their life situation endanger relationships, social life, finances, and occupational functioning. Understanding of facilitating conditions for close relatives is still a neglected research area. The aim of the present study thus was to explore what makes the life of close relatives of persons with BD more liveable. A lifeworld phenomenological approach was used. The findings reveal that keeping distance, having stability in everyday life, and strengthening equality through transparent communication are conditions that enable close relatives to influence the unpredictable and its consequences and thus make life more liveable. This implies contributions from close relatives, the person with BD, and the caring services. We propose that health‐care support should not be divided in support for the patient and/or the close relatives but instead be designed as support for the ‘patient and close relatives’ as a unit. Professional caregivers need to take responsibility for creating intersubjective settings for the person with BD and their close relatives to share their needs and make joint plans for how to influence the illness‐related life issues.
Work‐related behaviour and experience patterns of nurses in different professional stages and settings compared to physicians in Germany
Authors: Voltmer Edgar , Wingenfeld Katja , Spahn Claudia , Driessen Martin , Schulz Michael 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTWorking in a health‐care profession is correlated with high levels of stress and potential burnout that are likely to increase over time. Few studies differentiate psychosocial stress between nurses in different clinical settings or professional stages. In this cross‐sectional study, we compared the work‐related behaviour and experience of nurses (n = 389) and physicians (n = 344) and of nurses across different career stages and clinical settings in Germany. Nurses had the lowest proportion of a healthy behaviour and experience pattern (11.6%) compared with student nurses (32.6%), senior nurses (25%), and physicians (16.7%). They also had the highest proportion of a burnout‐related behaviour and experience pattern (32.8% vs 26.1% of student nurses, 18.3% of senior nurses, and 27.3% of physicians). In comparison with medical nurses, psychiatric nurses presented a significantly (P < 0.01) lower proportion with a healthy (10.6% vs 21.8%) and burnout‐related behaviour pattern (23.5% vs 29.6%), and a higher proportion showing a low commitment to work (61.4% vs 34.4%). Differences in health‐related dimensions were primarily observed in the domains of professional commitment and stress resistance. The observed differences in behaviour and experience patterns as a function of health‐care settings and career stages emphasize the need for specific interventions.
Asleep–awake–asleep technique in children during strabismus surgery under sufentanil balanced anesthesia
Authors: Lili Xu , Zhiyong Hu , Jianjun Shen 
Published: June 2012

SummaryBackground:  Both over‐ and undercorrection can occur in up to 10–15% of strabismus surgeries. Use of adjustable suture technique and an intraoperative awake test may decrease the incidence of over‐ or undercorrection. In this study, we investigated the ability to provide optimal conditions for intraoperative awake strabismus suture adjustment in children by means of target‐controlled infusions (TCI) of propofol and remifentanil propofol compared with propofol and sufentanil.Methods:  Forty‐six ASA I–II patients undergoing strabismus surgery with intraoperative awakening were randomly assigned to anesthesia by TCI of propofol + sufentanil group (group SF) or propofol + remifentanil spontaneous breathing. Propofol was discontinued, and concentrations of the opioid TCIs were reduced to enable awake assessment of the mobility and position of the eye. Changes in intraocular pressure, respiratory function, hemodynamics, awakening time, and awaking quality were compared between the two groups. The degrees of sedation and analgesia were evaluated through the assessment of alertness and sedation scores (OAA/S) and visual analog scale scores (VAS).Results:  There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure at three sampling points between two groups (P > 0.05). The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in group SF were significantly lower than group RF during laryngeal mask insertion (P < 0.05) as well as during the wake‐up test (P < 0.05). Spontaneous breathing was maintained in all patients, and there was no significant difference in RR and Sp02 at T1–T11 between the groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the target effect‐site concentration of propofol at T1–T10 between the groups (P > 0.05). The wake‐up times in group SF were significantly longer than in group RF (P < 0.05). In contrast, the quality of wake‐up test and the degree of consciousness after the patients were awakened were significantly better (19 good and 4 satisfactory vs 15 good, 2 satisfactory, and 6 poor) in SF group than RF group. The VAS was significantly lower at T6–T9 in SF group than in RF group (P < 0.05). The incidence of untoward events during and after surgery, such as respiratory depression and apnea, oculocardiac reflex, coughing, groan and nausea, and vomiting was not significantly different between the groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion:  Propofol combined with sufentanil or remifentanil can be suitable for planned intraoperative awakening for an adjustable suture technique in pediatric patients during strabismus surgery. Remifentanil has quicker wake‐up time; however, sufentanil demonstrated an advantage in terms of better analgesia, more stable hemodynamics, and improved qualify of awakening.
Spatiotemporal distribution of the hemlock woolly adelgid predator Laricobius nigrinus after release in eastern hemlock forests
Authors: Davis Gina A. , Salom Scott M. , Brewster Carlyle C. , Onken Bradley P. , Kok Loke T. 
Published: June 2012

Post‐release distributions of Laricobius nigrinus, a biological control predator of hemlock woolly adelgid Adelges tsugae Annand, were evaluated at eight hemlock forests in the eastern U.S.A.
Vertical dispersal of F1 and F2L. nigrinus were assessed from within three crown strata (<7, 7–15 and >15 m) at four release sites.
Horizontal distributions of L. nigrinus within the forest surrounding central release areas were observed in two separate studies, which included (i) release and monitor to capture parent and F1 movement by sampling the immature life stages of the offspring, and (ii) assessment of F3 to F6 generations where beetles were previously determined to be established.
Laricobius nigrinus, released on lower crown branches, oviposited within the upper crown stratum and were slow to disperse from release trees. Monitoring L. nigrinus only from the lower crown would likely underestimate its presence because 86% of the F2 generation were detected above 15 m.
By the fifth generation, the frequency distributions of larvae increased at increasing distance from release areas; larvae were recovered at a maximum distance of approximately 400 m and the spread rate was approximately 39 m/year.
Slow dispersal of L. nigrinus and uninterrupted recovery of six generations in the presence of fluctuating prey density support its continued release as part of the A. tsugae biological control programme. These data contribute toward improved release strategies and monitoring for this biological control agent.
Towards quantitative metagenomics of wild viruses and other ultra‐low concentration DNA samples: a rigorous assessment and optimization of the linker amplification method
Authors: Duhaime Melissa B. , Deng Li , Poulos Bonnie T. , Sullivan Matthew B. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryMetagenomics generates and tests hypotheses about dynamics and mechanistic drivers in wild populations, yet commonly suffers from insufficient (< 1 ng) starting genomic material for sequencing. Current solutions for amplifying sufficient DNA for metagenomics analyses include linear amplification for deep sequencing (LADS), which requires more DNA than is normally available, linker‐amplified shotgun libraries (LASLs), which is prohibitively low throughput, and whole‐genome amplification, which is significantly biased and thus non‐quantitative. Here, we adapt the LASL approach to next generation sequencing by offering an alternate polymerase for challenging samples, developing a more efficient sizing step, integrating a ‘reconditioning PCR’ step to increase yield and minimize late‐cycle PCR artefacts, and empirically documenting the quantitative capability of the optimized method with both laboratory isolate and wild community viral DNA. Our optimized linker amplification method requires as little as 1 pg of DNA and is the most precise and accurate available, with G + C content amplification biases less than 1.5‐fold, even for complex samples as diverse as a wild virus community. While optimized here for 454 sequencing, this linker amplification method can be used to prepare metagenomics libraries for sequencing with next‐generation platforms, including Illumina and Ion Torrent, the first of which we tested and present data for here.
Possible roles of reactive chlorine II: assessing biotic chlorination as a way for organisms to handle oxygen stress
Authors: Bengtson Per , Bastviken David , Öberg Gunilla 
Published: June 2012

SummaryNatural formation of organically bound chlorine is extensive in many environments. The enzymes associated with the formation of chlorinated organic matter are produced by a large variety of organisms. Little is known about the ecological role of the process, the key question being: why do microorganisms promote chlorination of organic matter? In a recent paper we discuss whether organic matter chlorination may be a result of antagonistic interactions among microorganisms. In the present paper we evaluate whether extracellular microbial formation of reactive chlorine may be used as a defence against oxygen stress, and we discuss whether this process is likely to contribute to the formation of chlorinated organic matter. Our analysis suggests that periodic exposure to elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species is a common denominator among the multitude of organisms that are able to enzymatically catalyse formation of reactive chlorine. There is also some evidence suggesting that the production of such enzymes in algae and bacteria is induced by oxygen stress. The relative contribution from this process to the extensive formation of chlorinated organic matter in natural environments remains to be empirically assessed.
Molecular phylogeny of the Athetini–Lomechusini–Ecitocharini clade of aleocharine rove beetles (Insecta)
Authors: Elven Hallvard , Bachmann Lutz , Gusarov Vladimir I. 
Published: June 2012

Elven, E., Bachmann, L. & Gusarov V. I. (2012) Molecular phylogeny of the Athetini–Lomechusini–Ecitocharini clade of aleocharine rove beetles (Insecta). —Zoologica Scripta, 41, 617–636.It has previously been shown that the Aleocharinae tribes Athetini and Lomechusini form a well‐supported clade, which also includes the small Neotropical tribe Ecitocharini. However, neither Athetini nor Lomechusini were recovered as monophyletic. In this study, we addressed the basal phylogenetic relationships among the three tribes using sequence data from (i) a mitochondrial fragment covering the COI, Leu2 and COII genes; (ii) a mitochondrial fragment covering part of the 16S gene, the Leu1 gene and part of the NADH 1 gene; and (iii) a part of the nuclear 18S gene, for 68 Athetini, 33 Lomechusini and 2 Ecitocharini species, plus representatives from 10 other tribes. The athetine subtribe Geostibina was recovered as sister group to the ‘true Lomechusini’, which included the type genus Lomechusa. The two clades formed a sister group to the main Athetini clade, which also included Ecitocharini and the ‘false Lomechusini’, a group of New World genera normally placed in Lomechusini. The following changes in classification are proposed: (i) Geostibina Seevers, 1978 is raised to tribal rank, and 13 Athetini genera are placed in Geostibini; (ii) Ecitodonia Seevers, 1965; Ecitopora Wasmann, 1887, and Tetradonia Wasmann, 1894 are moved from Lomechusini to Athetini; (iii) Ecitocharini Seevers, 1965 is placed in synonymy with Athetini; (iv) Discerota Mulsant & Rey, 1874 is tentatively included in Oxypodini; (v) Actocharina Bernhauer, 1907 is placed in synonymy with Hydrosmecta Thomson, 1858.
The effect of cultural and school factors on the implementation of CSCL
Authors: Zhu Chang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe implementation process of educational technology and computer‐supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is complex as it is influenced by context variables. This research aims to examine in a comprehensive way the effect of the cultural environment and school organizational culture features on the implementation of CSCL. A total of 832 students and teachers from five secondary schools in Mainland China, Hong Kong China and Flanders, Belgium participated in this study. The results show that cultural dimensions (openness and collaboration) and school organisational culture features (innovation orientation and structured leadership) were significant factors relating to the implementation of CSCL.Practitioner Notes
What is already known about this topic
Cultural factors and learners' individual characteristics should be considered when implementing computer‐supported collaborative learning (CSCL).
Applying CSCL can facilitate students' knowledge construction.
The participation, communication, interaction and satisfaction of students in CSCL environment can be influenced by students' cultural background.

What this paper adds
Both cultural environment and school culture features are related to the implementation of CSCL in schools.
Leadership and innovation orientation of schools are key factors influencing the implementation of CSCL.
Openness and collaborative culture are critical for adopting innovative teaching and learning.
Students and teachers may perceive the cultural and school environment in a different way.

Implications for practice and/or policy
An open and collaborative culture should be nurtured.
School leaders need to set up clear goals and regulations with regard to adoption and implementation of online technologies and collaborative learning.
Innovation attempts or try‐outs should be encouraged in schools.
Variation, contact and social indexicality in the acquisition of (ing) by teenage migrants1
Authors: Meyerhoff Miriam , Schleef Erik 
Published: June 2012

We discuss some apparent limits on the acquisition of variation suggested by our recent work exploring how teenage migrants to the U.K. acquire local norms of variation. We focus on the constraints on the (ing) variable that emerged from a multivariate analysis. We find evidence for a systematisation of the variable among immigrants, involving  some linguistically and cognitively predictable constraints, but also the emergence of social constraints not found in the teenage native speakers. We argue that transformation of variable constraints is a necessary artefact of the inherent complexity of sociolinguistic variables, particularly those with social indexicality. This research note: (1) delineates some theoretical and practical questions involved in incorporating social indexing in variationist studies, especially of non‐native speakers; and (2) further explores reallocation (transformation) in the study of language contact.Wir behandeln mögliche Grenzen des Erwerbs soziolinguistischer Variation, die unsere jüngste Studie zum Erwerb lokaler Variationsnormen jugendlicher Immigranten in Großbritannien zu zeigen scheint. In unserer Ergebnisdarstellung konzentrieren wir uns auf die Faktoren, die die Verwendung der (ing) Variable beschränken. Die Ergebnisse gingen aus einer multivariaten Datenanalyse hervor. Wir zeigen, dass die Variable unter Immigranten systematisiert wird, was das Erscheinen einiger linguistischer und kognitiv voraussagbarer Faktoren aber auch einiger interessanter sozialer Faktoren einschließt, die nicht unter den jugendlichen Muttersprachlern gefunden werden konnten. Wir zeigen weiterhin, dass die Umwandlung variabler Faktoren ein notwendiges Artefakt der inhärenten Komplexität soziolinguistischer Variablen ist, insbesondere von Variablen mit sozialer Indexikalität. Diese Notiz umreißt einige praktische Fragen in Bezug auf (1) die Einfügung sozialer Indizes in variationslinguistische Studien, insbesondere solcher, die Nicht‐Muttersprachler betreffen, und (2) die weitere Erforschung des Prozesses der Umverteilung in der Untersuchung von Sprachkontaktphänomenen. [German]