bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The metamorphic evolution of the Moine Nappe in Skye
Authors: Matthews D. W. , Cheeney R. F. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The metamorphic history of these Moine and Lewisian rocks in the Moine nappe of Skye is as complicated as the structural history, one of the principal difficulties being the recognition of equilibrium assemblages. Detailed work on an important garnet-hornblende-biotite-epidote assemblage in gneissic rocks indicates that the highest metamorphism was probably of lower almandine amphibolite fades and that it occurred early in the structural history of the area.
Later retrograde changes took place in schistose rocks nearer the Moine thrust plane. Co-existing chlorite-actinolite assemblages, analysed in detail, indicate a metamorphic grade probably not much lower than the almandine amphibolite facies.
Fossil beetles collected by James Bennie from Late Glacial silts at Corstorphine, Edinburgh
Authors: Coope G. R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Remains of Coleoptera, collected by James Bennie at the end of the last century from Late Glacial deposits in Edinburgh, are described. All the fragments recognised can be identified with living species, but five of them are not now found living in Britain. The fauna is indicative of a marshy environment rather than a lake as had hitherto been assumed. For the most part the fauna indicates sub-arctic conditions with a somewhat more continental climate than prevails in Edinburgh at the moment. There are however certain anomalous associations in this assemblage which may be reconciled to some extent by assuming that the climatic regime of Late Glacial Edinburgh has no precise equivalent anywhere in Europe today. An attempt is made to put together a picture of a climatic regime that might have been acceptable to all the species in this fauna.
The ages of some kentallenite intrusions in Argyll
Authors: Westoll N. D. S. , Miller J. A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Potassium-argon biotite age determinations of three masses of kentallenite in Argyll range from 391±12 m.y. to 405±12 m.y. These ages are used in conjunction with field evidence to suggest a revised time sequence for the Caledonian igneous activity in the Southwest Highlands of Scotland.
Some stone-orientation results from the Forth Valley
Authors: Burke M. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
This paper is based on 40 till fabric analyses undertaken in the Forth Valley, an ice-moulded lowland.
Only 31 of the sites had significant (anisotropic) orientations as obtained by vector analysis. Of these, 17 were parallel to the presumed local direction of ice-movement—generally west to east, except for the Midlothian Basin, where it was south-west to north-east. Of the remainder, 1 was transverse to ice-movement; 8 were oriented in the direction of slope of the ground; and 5 appeared unrelated either to ice-movement or slope. The deflecting influence of numerous crags and hills may help to explain the absence of definite orientations at some sites.
Orientation evidence, together with pH and particle-size analysis, has also revealed a clear distinction between ‘boulder clay’ and the superficial ‘sandy clay with stones’. The boulder clay was a compact, less-leached deposit, with a better organisation of stones, producing fabric diagrams that usually had a preferred orientation parallel to the local ice-movement. The results suggest that most of the sandy clay with stones was produced by washing of the upper parts of the boulder clay during immediate post-glacial times.
On the development of coastal profiles in the north of Scotland, Orkney and Shetland
Authors: Flinn Derek 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The sea cliffs of the north of Scotland, Orkney and Shetland continue to a considerable depth beneath the sea before they meet the flat sea floor. The depth at which this junction occurs increases steadily northwards from about 30 fathoms in north-east Scotland to about 45 fathoms in Shetland. The profile of the coast from the final break of slope to the waterline is usually concave upwards, but in many places it is formed of a series of steps. It is argued that this coastal profile is due to marine erosion acting over a long period of time at a series of different levels due to changes in the height of the sea relative to the land.
A re-assessment of the ‘younger’ basic igneous rocks between Huntly and Portsoy based on new borehole evidence
Authors: Munro M. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Sixty-five holes drilled between Huntly and Portsoy have shown that undeformed, basic igneous rocks in this region occupy a smaller area than is shown on existing maps and that the single intrusion previously recognised—the ‘Huntly mass’—does not exist. Three smaller bodies of basic rock, which appear to consist largely of cumulates and xenolithic rocks, can be identified. The structures in the cumulates appear to be nearly vertical in most instances, but no clear evidence of folding has been found in these rocks, although certain of the igneous boundaries appear to have been intensely deformed. Xenoliths are highly metamorphosed, but otherwise there is little evidence of thermal metamorphism in the vicinity of the basic rocks, even when the latter consist of cumulates.
Geophysical studies of the basic intrusions
Authors: Wilson C. D. V. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Re-examination of the gravity and magnetic anomalies over the Maud intrusion shows that it is magnetised in a direction close to that of Blundell and Read’s (1958) specimens. A magnetic survey of some dykes near Straloch suggests that they may be associated with the basic sheet.
Seismic velocities for the Macduff Slates have been obtained at two sites near the Insch mass; at one of these there is a high-velocity layer which may be gabbro.
Some of the anomalies found in the recent aeromagnetic survey by the Institute of Geological Sciences are discussed and provisional interpretations suggested.
Possible modes of emplacement of the basic sheet are discussed and the role of geophysics in the study of the sheet is reviewed.
The relationship between isotopic ages, uplift and sedimentation during Ordovician times in western Ireland
Authors: Dewey J. F. , McKerrow W. S. , Moorbath S. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
During Ordovician times, at least 36 000 feet of sediments accumulated in the South Mayo Trough, which lay to the north of a rising cordillera of Dalradian metamorphic rocks in Connemara, western Ireland. A complex faulted relationship existed between trough and cordillera. K-Ar isotopic ages, showing a spread within the range 475 to 420 m.y., are interpreted as representing the time during which the cordillera was progressively uplifted, eroded, and cooled.
The sequence of sedimentary structures in turbidites, with special reference to dunes
Authors: Allen J. R. L. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The relationship between bed form, grain-size of load, and flow power known from equilibrium-state, open-channel experiments, is revised for turbidity currents, whose power is time-dependent with respect to a point in their path. The revised relationship suggests that cross-bedding, indicative of dune beds, would occur in turbidite sandstones only if the parent turbidity currents had been furnished with sufficiently coarse-grained sediment. Otherwise, the turbidite sandstones are expected to show parallel laminations directly succeeded upward by cross-lamination. The available field evidence is consistent with these conclusions, and some previous difficulties regarding dune structures in turbidites appear now to be resolved.
Volcanism and the Ardross Fault, Fife
Authors: Francis E. H. , Hopgood A. M. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The relationship of volcanic necks and related rocks to folded and faulted Viséan strata between Elie and St. Monance suggests that the Ardross Fault was the final expression of a major north-easterly tectono-volcanic structure which was active intermittently throughout Upper Carboniferous, and possibly early Permian, times. A sequence of volcanic and tectonic episodes began with folding and faulting on NNE. and SE. lines, probably early in the Namurian. The main volcanism is probably late Namurian, but may have continued into the Westphalian and Stephanian. The Ardross Fault, a dextral strike-slip structure, though with a strong vertical component, is later than the volcanism and is off-set by later SE. faulting.
Preservation of folding in the Carn Chuinneag-Inchbae hornfels
Authors: Harker R. I. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Folds described from the aureole of the Carn Chuinneag–Inchbae igneous complex formed during the emplacement of the intrusion. Consequently these folds cannot constitute evidence of widespread pre-intrusion regional metamorphism.
An Application of Markov Chain Analysis to the Ayrshire Coal Measures Succession
Authors: Doveton J. H. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The vertical ordering of rock types in a Coal Measures succession is analysed in terms of an ‘embedded Markov chain’ model. The presence of a statistically significant ‘memory’ within the sequence is proved and a Markov model of combined first and second order properties established. The form of the model is one of loosely repeating basic units (corresponding to cycles) whose internal structure is suggestive of origin in fluvial and floodplain environments and control by local vegetational and sedimentary factors. Prediction of the cycle member content distribution by various models indicates that the ‘cyclic’ behaviour of the succession is satisfactorily accounted for by the second order Markov model, although there is the possibility of an additional longer term control.
The Loch Nant area, Argyllshire, and its significance in the structural history of the Loch Awe Syncline
Authors: Borradaile G. J. , Roberts John L. , Treagus J. E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The examination of a small area of Dalradian rocks near the axial zone of the Loch Awe Syncline, on its north-western limb, shows that an inverted succession faces upwards to the south-east on a primary slaty cleavage.
No evidence has been found to support the pre-cleavage folding recognised from the same area by Harris and Berridge (1969), nor their re-interpretation of the stratigraphy.
It is concluded that the succession established by Bailey (1913) still holds and that the Loch Awe Syncline is a primary structure, coeval with the nappe forming movements of the Scottish Highlands.
A xenolithic dyke at M’Inroy’s Point, Gourock, Renfrewshire
Authors: Herriot A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A Tertiary tholeiitic dyke intruded into sedimentary rocks of Lower Carboniferous age is locally rich in xenoliths of siliceous and argillaceous rocks possibly of Upper Old Red Sandstone age. The xenoliths and the country rocks have suffered thermal metamorphism with the production of glass, tridymite, cordierite, pyroxenes and biotite in the former and tridymite, cordierite, biotite and lime-garnet in the latter. From considerations of the stability fields of tridymite, melt-products and the solidus of dolerite, it is estimated that the PT conditions under which the presently exposed levels of the dyke crystallised were approximately 500 bars and 1,000° C, possibly representing a cover in Tertiary times some 6,200 ft (1,900 m) thick.
Geophysical investigations on the continental shelf and slope north of Scotland
Authors: Watts A. B. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A gravity, magnetic and seismic reflection survey of the continental shelf and slope around the Orkneys, Hebrides and Shetlands was completed by Durham University on RRV John Murray in 1968. The Bouguer gravity anomaly map shows a large gravity ‘high’ reaching 94 mgal which is continuous for 155 miles (250 km) and tends approximately NNE. across the shelf. This is interpreted as being due to a seaward extension of Lewisian basement rocks exposed on the Scottish mainland. Large amplitude gravity ‘lows’ also occur on the shelf and slope. A gravity ‘low’ 56 miles (90 km) west of the Shetlands has been interpreted as being due to a deep sedimentary basin infilled by Mesozoic–Tertiary sediments and bounded on its SE. margin by a large normal fault. Recent sediments form the continental slope which gently truncates the older Caledonian structures observed on the shelf.
Relation of Cleavage and Metamorphism in the Macduff Slates
Authors: Fettes D. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Field and textural evidence from a coastal traverse immediately west of Macduff indicates that the main phase of regional metamorphism separates in time the movements which produced the slaty cleavage and folds at Macduff from those which produced the strain-slip cleavage and monoclines on the steep western limb of the Boyndie Syncline. The slaty cleavage of the Macduff Slates is, therefore, thought to be equivalent to the early movements in the rest of the Dalradian; an important conclusion in the light of the recent discovery of Lower Ordovician fossils in the Macduff Slates.
North-south geofractures in Scotland and Ireland
Authors: Russell M. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The suggestion is advanced that north-south trending faults and Carboniferous synclinal troughs, as well as a crustal inhomogeneity in central Scotland, were formed in response to a stress field in which the direction of relative tension was oriented east and west relative to the present pole. These structures are considered to be higher homologues of three major extension failures (geofractures) at the base of the Upper Crust which are separated by distances of 45 and 55 km. In Ireland (like Scotland, situated close to the continental margin) north-south geofractures have previously been postulated to explain the distribution of major ore deposits (Russell 1968, 1969).
Sparse stratigraphical evidence points to a late Tournaisian or Viséan age for the initiation of the postulated geofractures. They are considered to constitute the earliest evidence for the stress field that eventually caused lithosphere separation at Rockall Trough. This separation is inferred to have taken place at the end of Carboniferous times.
Sodic and ultra-sodic rocks of metasomatic origin from part of the Moine Nappe
Authors: Tanner P. W. G. , Tobisch O. T. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The field relationships, petrology and chemistry of suites of sodic augite-, sodic amphibole- and albite-bearing rocks from Loch Hourn and Glen Cannich, Inverness-shire are described. The sodic rocks occur in metasediments of Moinian (Late Precambrian) age and post-date the regional metamorphism and deformation. Feldspathized breccia and dyke-rocks occur in the Loch Hourn area, but most of the sodic rocks appear to have resulted from the introduction of albite-rich, water-saturated fluids along fractures in the country rocks. The metasomatism affecting the country rocks closely resembles fenitization but is chemically unusual in that it involves introduction of Na and Al and loss of K, Ca, Mg and Fe.
The petrochemistry of the epidiorites of the Tayvallich Peninsula, North Knapdale, Argyllshire.
Authors: Wilson J. R. , Leake B. E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The geology of the Dalradian rocks near Tayvallich is described with a detailed geological map. 78 new chemical analyses of metamorphic rocks, each for 30 elements, are given including intrusive epidiorites, basic pillow lavas, agglomerates, grits, slates, limestones and calcareous slates. Basic volcanic glasses have been locally showered into the sediments. The epidiorites are albite-chlorite-calcite-quartz-sphene (epidote) rocks with actinolite being confined to rocks with mg in excess of 0.44. Metasomatic movement occurred between the margins and centres of the pillow lavas and is also believed to have affected the volcanic glasses. The sedimentary rocks can be distinguished from the epidiorites by a number of chemical characteristics including the high P, Ti and Nb of the epidiorites and their differing trends of variation such as Cr against Niggli mg. The Loch Awe epidiorites are characterised by high Zr and P and are less tholeiitic than epidiorites higher in the Dalradian sequence. They may be shallow intrusions and extrusions of a magma that had undergone substantial intratelluric differentiation.
Structures in the south-eastern portion of the Strontian granitic complex, Argyllshire
Authors: Munro M. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Structures in a portion of the Strontian complex adjoining Loch Linnhe are fully described for the first time. Using this new data it is possible to derive the probable shape, structure and lithology of the portion of this complex which has been displaced by the Great Glen Fault with more certainty than was previously possible. These predicted characteristics differ in certain important respects from the structures and relations visible in the Foyers complex and it is concluded that there is less justification for assuming that the Foyers and Strontian complexes represent fragments of a single body which has been disrupted by movements on the Great Glen fault than has been believed in the past.
Amphibolitization of Scourian granulites
Authors: Beach A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Scourian granulite-facies gneisses from north-west Scotland occur as relict masses surrounded by amphibolitized granulites. During amphibolitization the gneisses suffered both deformation and metamorphism. Ortho- and clinopyroxenes were replaced by hornblende and hornblende-quartz intergrowths forming corona textures. Seven hornblende and plagioclase analyses are presented. Microprobe scans across the hornblende coronas show that compositional gradients in Si, Al, Fe, Mg and Na existed which were later obliterated by recrystallization. It is suggested that overall loss of Ca and Mg and gain of Na occurred by diffusion through the intergranular fluid during amphibolitization. The water causing amphibolitization is considered to have entered the granulite system along tectonically determined zones.
Ice wastage in Glenmore, upper Spey valley, Inverness-shire
Authors: Young J. A. T. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A complex system of fluvioglacial landforms, which is part of more widespread evidence of ice sheet wastage in Upper Speyside, is described and discussed. The pattern of features that has been developed is shown to be dependent on a range of local environmental factors as well as on the changing physical condition of the ice. Three distinctive phases of ice wastage, each related to different meltwater outlets, are identified.
Chemical changes during retrogressive metamorphism of Lewisian granulite facies rocks from Coll and Tiree
Authors: Drury S. A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The chemical compositions of granulite and amphibolite facies representatives of four metamorphic rock types with different bulk compositions and origins, from a Precambrian metamorphic complex in North-west Scotland, are assessed in the light of its tectonic and metamorphic history. Several striking chemical differences exist, which are thought to have been imparted by retrogressive metamorphism of an early granulite facies complex in which all four rock types were present. The main changes incurred in the conversion of granulite facies rocks to amphibolite facies, and common to all four rock types, involved influx of K, Rb, Th and some other elements and loss of Ba, Sr, P and rare earth elements in the whole complex. Some redistribution of elements occurred. Continued retrogression of gneissic rocks to greenschist facies involved further geochemical changes.
Tectonic and metamorphic history of the Upper Findhorn, Inverness-shire, Scotland
Authors: Piasecki M. A. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Moinian and Dalradian metasediments which surround the Findhorn Newer Granite Complex form a northwesterly extension of the Ballapell succession.

The metasediments were first folded by regional-scale isoclinal F
1
folds following the Caledonian trend. These were then refolded by open, near-upright F
2
crossfolds, and later by tight, also near-upright F
3
folds trending N to NE which now often dominate the megascopic rock fabric.

High grade metamorphism with widespread migmatization accompanied F
1
folding. Localized migmatization and recrystallization followed F
1
and F
2
folding, becoming more widespread after F
3
folding. A later metamorphism foliated and recrystallized a suite of early minor intrusions belonging to the Findhorn Newer Granite Complex.

The Upper Findhorn rocks are situated centrally within the orthotectonic Caledonides. Their tectonic history is correlated with that of the Iltay and Ballapel Dalradians, but their thermal history is comparable with that of the Moines west of the Great Glen Fault.
The Blackstones Tertiary igneous complex
Authors: McQuillin R. , Bacon M. , Binns P. E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Seismic, gravity, magnetic and sampling evidence show that the Blackstones Bank in the Sea of the Hebrides is the outcrop of a Tertiary ultrabasic intrusion whose form may be approximated as a vertical cylinder of diameter 16 km and depth to base 22–30 km. The intrusive body is partly overlain by Mesozoic and younger sediments. Little disturbance is seen in the country rock of either the roof or walls of the pluton.
The evolution and transport of the Tay Nappe
Authors: Harris A. L. , Bradbury H. J. , McGonigal M. H. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A traverse through steeply inclined rocks north-west from Birnam is the equivalent of a vertical section at one point through the Tay Nappe. This traverse demonstrates increasing complexity and intensity of deformation at successively lower structural levels in the nappe. It suggests that the second episode of deformation (D2) at a low level was largely responsible for the emplacement of the nappe by simple shear, and that displacements of the order of 6 km during this episode can be demonstrated in the limited thickness of rocks exposed in the district. The earliest deformation (D1) induced two cleavages in the Southern Highland (Upper) Dalradian sandstones—one analogous to slaty cleavage and the other a tectonic striping produced by pressure solution. One set of folds, now downward-facing following D4 downbending, is associated with these cleavages. D2 deformation strongly modified the limbs and ‘facing’ characteristics of the D1 folds.
Trace element indicators of the genesis of the Rhum layered intrusion, Inner Hebrides
Authors: Henderson P. , Gijbels R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Almost constant concentration of nickel in cumulus olivine crystals taken from the bases and tops of many of the macrorhythmic units of Rhum indicates that a large volume of magma, if predominantly liquid, was needed to produce each unit. Some units represent less than 2 per cent by mass of a liquid parent magma.
Rare earth element concentrations in cumulus plagioclases indicate that the parent magma was enriched in the light relative to the heavy rare earths. The estimated rare earth abundance pattern of the parent magma suggests that the melt was produced from a small amount of partial melting of upper mantle material.
The Archaean Evolution of the Lewisian Complex of Gruinard Bay
Authors: Davies F. Bryan 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
South-east of Gruinard Bay, the Lewisian gneiss complex is cut by metadolerites derived from Scourie dykes which occupy two directional sets and record low Laxfordian finite strains. The gneisses record effects of pre-dyke deformation of an early complex of plutonic granodioritic and tonalitic gneisses which in places retain magmatic features and show intrusive relationships with remnants of supracrustal rocks and layered ultramafic-leucogabbro sheets occurring as agmatite complexes within the gneisses. The regional structure outlined by these agmatites is dominated by large-scale mushroom-type interference patterns produced from the refolding of major tight to isoclinal folds with NW dipping axial surfaces by close to tight major folds with NE dipping axial surfaces. Minor shear belts occur on the limbs of the larger late folds. The pre-dyke history of the Gruinard Bay complex is similar to that of the type-Laxfordian complex, north of Scourie.