bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of glutaric aciduria type 1 by measuring 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid in dried urine spots by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Al‐Dirbashi Osama Y. , Kölker Stefan , Ng Dione , Fisher Lawrence , Rupar Tony , Lepage Nathalie , Rashed Mohamed S. , Santa Tomofumi , Goodman Stephen I. , Geraghty Michael T. , Zschocke Johannes , Christensen Ernst , Hoffmann Georg F. , Chakraborty Pranesh 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAccumulation of glutaric acid (GA) and 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid (3HGA) in body fluids is the biochemical hallmark of type 1 glutaric aciduria (GA1), a disorder characterized by acute striatal degeneration and a subsequent dystonia. To date, methods for quantification of 3HGA are mainly based on stable isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and require extensive sample preparation. Here we describe a simple liquid chromatography tandem MS (LC‐MS/MS) method to quantify this important metabolite in dried urine spots (DUS). This method is based on derivatization with 4‐[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]‐7‐(2‐aminoethylamino)‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (DAABD‐AE). Derivatization was adopted to improve the chromatographic and mass spectrometric properties of the studied analytes. Derivatization was performed directly on a 3.2‐mm disc of DUS as a sample without extraction. Sample mixture was heated at 60°C for 45 min, and 5 μl of the reaction solution was analyzed by LC‐MS/MS. Reference ranges obtained were in excellent agreement with the literature. The method was applied retrospectively for the analysis of DUS samples from established low‐ and high‐excreter GA1 patients as well as controls (n = 100). Comparison of results obtained versus those obtained by GC‐MS was satisfactory (n = 14). In populations with a high risk of GA1, this approach will be useful as a primary screening method for high‐ or low‐excreter variants. In these populations, however, DUS analysis should not be implemented before completing a parallel comparative study with the standard screening method (i.e., molecular testing). In addition, follow‐up DUS GA and 3HGA testing of babies with elevated dried blood spot C5DC acylcarnitines will be useful as a first‐tier diagnostic test, thus reducing the number of cases requiring enzymatic and molecular analyses to establish or refute the diagnosis of GA1.
Endoscopic trans-sphenoidal removal of cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex: case report and literature review
Authors: Dhanasekar G , Jones N S 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:We report a case of cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex which was surgically treated via an endoscopic trans-sphenoidal approach.Methods:Case report and review of the literature concerning cholesterol granulomas of the petrous apex and their management.Results:The lesion was approached endoscopically via a bilateral sphenoidotomy with removal of the vomer. A large cholesterol granuloma was evacuated and marsupialised. The patient made an uneventful recovery.Conclusion:Trans-sphenoidal access to the petrous apex represents an alternative route for the drainage and ventilation of cholesterol granulomas. This approach is the technique of choice when the cholesterol granuloma abuts the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. The trans-sphenoid approach, unlike other lateral approaches to the petrous apex, spares cochlear and vestibular function and allows post-operative endoscopic follow up.
On the inertia term in the momentum equation in the free-fall regime of discharge maintenance
Authors: LISHEV ST. ST. , SHIVAROVA A. P. , TARNEV KH. TS. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe study, being on two-dimensional modelling of low pressure discharges, suggests an approach to the nonlinear inertia term in the momentum equation of the positive ions needed to be accounted for in the free-fall regime of the discharge maintenance. On the basis of conclusions that the inertia term acts in the wall sheath, where the ions fly perpendicularly to the walls, it is shown that (i) the parallel – to the walls – velocity component can be neglected, and (ii) the rest of the convective derivative can be determined by using the energy conservation law in the collisionless case. In a way, the inertia term acting as a retarding force is joined to the momentum loss term by introducing effective collision frequencies. The validity of the procedure is proved in a model of a low pressure argon discharge by comparison with the exact solutions for the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the discharge characteristics (ion velocity, electron density and temperature and DC electric field and its potential). The conclusion is that (i) ignoring the velocity component that is parallel to the walls does not cause deviation from the exact solution, and (ii) the approximation of using the energy conservation law in the collisionless case is good enough.
Writing about listening: alternative discourses in rock journalism
Authors: ATTON CHRIS 
Published: October 2010

Abstract‘Alternative’ publications challenge the conventional discourses of rock journalism. In particular, the dominant discourses of authenticity, masculinity and mythology might be countered by publications that emphasise historical and (sub)cultural framing, and that present radicalised ‘spaces of listening’. Using Bourdieu’s field theory to identify autonomous and semi-autonomous sites for rock criticism, the paper compares how a fanzine (the Sound Projector) and what Frith has termed an ideological magazine (the Wire) construct their reviews. The findings suggest that, whilst there is no evidence for an absolute break with the dominant conventions of reviewing, there is a remarkable polyglottism in alternative music reviewing. The paper emphasises differing cultural and social practices in the multiple ways the publications write about music, and argues for the value of such polyglottism.
Successful closure for a case of congenital coronary artery fistula using a patent ductus arteriosus occluder
Authors: Zhao Gang , Jin Heng , Wu Hongping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe describe a case of transcatheter occlusion of a large and tortuose coronary artery fistula in an 8-year-old girl. During 2.5 years’ of follow-up, she had no complaints and developed normally. This method of reserving the guide wire in cardiac catheterisation is extremely useful. Through the application of a patent ductus arteriosus occluder, the transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistulas proves to be a safe, feasible, and cost-effective option to surgery.
Comprehensive four-dimensional phase-contrast flow assessment in hemi-Fontan circulation: systemic-to-pulmonary collateral flow quantification
Authors: Valverde Israel , Rachel Clough , Kuehne Titus , Beerbaum Philipp 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPrecise lung perfusion quantification is essential for evaluation of patients with hemi-Fontan surgery. It is possible for two-dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance phase contrast flow (two-dimensional flow) to evaluate non-invasively the systemic-to-pulmonary collateral blood flow. This case report intends to illustrate the benefit of four-dimensional flow over the current two-dimensional flow in the comprehensive assessment of hemi-Fontan patients.
Unbelievable but improved cookstoves are not helpful in reducing firewood demand in Nepal
Authors: NEPAL MANI , NEPAL APSARA , GRIMSRUD KRISTINE 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the effect of different types of cookstoves on firewood demand at the household level. Using nationally representative household survey data from Nepal, we find that stove type significantly affects the firewood demand for household uses. Traditional mud-stove user households seem to use less firewood than the open-fire stove users. Surprisingly, households with the so-called ‘improved’ stoves seem to use more firewood than the households with mud stoves. Thus, converting traditional open-fire stoves to mud stoves may be a better conservation strategy in the short term rather than installing improved stoves, unless the technology improves. However, in the long run, making cleaner fuel more accessible to rural households is desirable to reduce indoor air pollution.
German Philosophy of Mathematics from Gauss to Hilbert
Authors: Gillies Donald 
Published: October 2010

Suppose we were to ask some students of philosophy to imagine a typical book of classical German philosophy and describe its general style and character, how might they reply? I suspect that they would answer somewhat as follows. The book would be long and heavy, it would be written in a complicated style which employed only very abstract terms, and it would be extremely difficult to understand. At all events a description of this kind does indeed fit many famous works of German philosophy. Let us take for example Hegel'sPhenomenology of Spiritof 1807. The 1977 English translation published by Oxford has 591 pages, and as for style here is a typical passage:Self-consciousness found the Thing to be like itself, and itself to be like a Thing; i.e., it is aware that it isin itselfthe objectively real world. It is no longer theimmediatecertainty of being all reality, but a certainty for which the immediate in general has the form of something superseded, so that theobjectivityof the immediate still has only the value of something superficial, its inner being and essence being self-consciousness itself. The object, to which it is positively related, is therefore a self-consciousness. It is in the form of thinghood, i.e. it isindependent; but it is certain that this independent object is for it not something alien, and thus it knows that it isin principlerecognized by the object. It is Spirit which, in the duplication of its self-consciousness and in the independence of both, has the certainty of its unity with itself. This certainty has now to be raised to the level of truth; what holds good for itin principle, and in its inner certainty, has to enter into its consciousness and becomeexplicitfork. (p. 211)
New and old peripheries: Britain, the Baltic, and the Americas in the Great Divergence
Authors: Rönnbäck Klas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn his seminal bookThe Great Divergence, Kenneth Pomeranz has argued that access to inputs from the vast acreages available in the Americas was crucial for the Industrial Revolution in Britain. But could no other regions of the world have provided the inputs in demand? Recent research claims that this could have been the case. This article takes that research one step further by studying Britain’s trade with an old and important peripheral trading partner, the Baltic, contrasting this to the British trade with America. The article shows that production for export was not necessarily stagnating in the Baltic, as Pomeranz has claimed. Qualitative aspects of the factor endowment of land did not, however, enable the production of specific raw materials, such as cotton, to meet the increasing demand. Thus, the decreasing role of the Baltic ought to a large extent to be attributed to the patterns of British industrialization, and the demand it created for specific raw materials, rather than internal, institutional constraints in the Baltic region.
Creating a local black identity in a global context: the French writer Alexandre Dumas as an African Americanlieu de mémoire
Authors: Martone Eric 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWestern expansion and domination through colonial systems served as a form of globalization, spreading white hegemony across the globe. While whites retained the monopoly on ‘modernity’ as the exclusive writers of historical progress, ‘backward’ African Americans were perceived as ‘outside’ Western culture and history. As a result, there were no African American individuals perceived as succeeding in Western terms in the arts, humanities, and sciences. In response, African American intellectuals forged a counter-global bloc that challenged globalization conceived as hegemonic Western domination. They sought to insert African Americans as a whole into the history of America, (re)creating a local blackAmericanhistory ‘forgotten’ because of slavery and Western power. African American intellectuals thus created a ‘usable past’, or counter-memory, to reconstitute history through the inclusion of African Americans, countering Western myths of black inferiority. The devastating legacy of slavery was posited as the cause of the African Americans’ lack of Western cultural acclivity. Due to the lack of nationally recognized African American figures of Western cultural achievement, intellectuals constructed Dumas as alieu de mémoireas part of wider efforts to appropriate historical individuals of black descent from across the globe within a transnational community produced by the Atlantic slave trade. Since all blacks were perceived as having a uniting ‘essence’, Dumas’ achievements meant that all blacks had the same potential. Such identification efforts demonstrated African Americans’ social and cultural suitability in Western terms and the resulting right to be included in American society. In this process, African Americans expressed a new, local black identity by expanding an ‘African American’ identity to a wider range of individuals than was commonly applied. While constructing a usable past, African Americans redefined ‘America’ beyond the current hegemonic usage (which generally restricted the term geographically to the US) to encompass an ‘Atlantic’ world – a world in which the Dumas of memory was re-imagined as an integral component with strong connections to slavery and colonialism.
Ambivalence towards law: Business Improvement Associations, public disorder and legal consciousness
Authors: Ranasinghe Prashan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article examines the ways the business community – here operationalised through Business Improvement Associations (BIAs) – thinks about and makes sense of the Law and the legal system, its legal consciousness, in other words. I suggest that the way BIAs think about and make sense of the Law is best described as ambivalent, ranging from reverence to disenchantment: on the one hand, the Law is (like) God, but on the other, the Law is also a source of angst, frustration, hopelessness and powerlessness. Drawing on the analytical framework of legal consciousness, I suggest, provides a good platform from which to explore whether the ‘haves’ come out ahead, and what coming out ahead might mean and look like to them. Equally, the ambivalence towards law shows that the ways the ‘haves’ make sense of the Law might not always be that antithetical to the way the ‘have-nots’ make sense of the Law.
Mechanical aspects of the ID26 emission spectrometer II: improving stability for a large instrument by the use of multiple air pad supports
Authors: Ducotté L. , Glatzel P. , Marion P. , Lapras C. , Lesourd M. , Harris A. , Heyman C. 
Published: October 2010

An instrument for X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) based on perfect crystal Bragg optics was recently commissioned at beam line ID26 of the ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility). The spectrometer is used to record high-energy resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectra with sub-lifetime resolution and to perform resonant and non-resonant XES. The hard X-ray probe is material bulk sensitive and allows demanding sample environments (in situ chemistry, high pressure, etc.). Spectrometers for XES are being installed or designed at almost all upcoming synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. The particularity of the ID26 spectrometer is to accommodate five analyser crystals with exact Rowland tracking in the vertical plane and with crystals radii between 0.5 and 2 m.The main upgrade of the new version of this large instrument (3 tonnes, overall size 2.5 m and height 3 m) is to allow the change of the scattering angle over the range 0–180°. This involves rotating the entire spectrometer around a vertical axis that passes through the sample. In order to optimize the vibration stability of the spectrometer's structure, we chose to support the structure in multiple points and not only on three (kinematic mount) like it is specified to do with air pads. According to this choice, we have developed special foot holders for air pads.The calculations during the design phase have shown that we can obtain a first modal frequency of the spectrometer's structure at more than 30 Hz. To confirm our predictive calculations, we have performed some vibration measurements.
Stability of mirror chambers and mechanics: an example of the improvement of vibrational behaviour
Authors: Ruget C. , Nikitina L. , Nicolas J. , Martinez J.C. , Juanhuix J. 
Published: October 2010

ALBA synchrotron light facility includes a 3 GeV low-emittance storage ring capable of running in the top-up mode which will feed a number of beamlines. Xaloc and CIRCE are among these beamlines. These beamlines are equipped with mirrors which need high stability. There are a lot of mirror chambers in the market and we decided to improve one of them rather than developing a new one. For this purpose, the ALBA team organized a collaboration with a supplier of beamline components. ALBA did the conceptual design of the improvements, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) optimization and the metrology tests. The supplier provided a detailed design and the production. The improvement was implemented on several mirror chambers including actuators from two to five degrees of freedom. At the beginning of the project, the hypothesis was an excitation coming from the ground lower than 1 µm for frequencies below 45 Hz and negligible above it. The strategy[0] in terms of dynamical stability was not to amplify the ground excitation below 45 Hz or around 50 Hz. That is, to increase the frequency of the system resonances above 45 Hz (excluding the range of about 50 Hz). As a result, we obtained a high level of stability for such mirror systems and we almost met the target value for the first mode of vibration.
Types, models and instances: a perspective from neuroscience
Authors: Cannon Robert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn order to share neuroscience models effectively, there is a need to clearly separate out the structure, equations and parameters so that each model only specifies those bits that are unique to itself. This will enable specialized simulation tools to recognize structures they can handle without having to process the equations directly. Two projects, NeuroML2 and NineML are working in this direction. As an example, we show how the Hodgkin Huxley equations can be decomposed into separate component type definitions and parameter sets in such as way that the majority of Hodgkin-Huxley style ion channel models can be expressed in only a few lines.
MIRIAM Resources: a robust annotation and cross referencing framework
Authors: Laibe Camille , Juty Nick , Le Novère Nicolas 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background

More than ever, the era of data integration has highlighted the key requirement to reference specific data in an unambiguous and perennial way, in order to enable community-level sharing, development, exchange and reuse of information. In the field of Systems Biology, which is concerned with creating quantitative models of biological processes, these requirements have directly led to the creation of the Minimal Information Required In the Annotation of Models (MIRIAM, "http://biomodels.net/miriam/":http://biomodels.net/miriam/). MIRIAM provides a specific set of guidelines that can be implemented within any structured modelling format.

Objectives

To support the implementation of MIRIAM guidelines, we have developed MIRIAM Resources ("http://www.ebi.ac.uk/miariam/":http://www.ebi.ac.uk/miariam/). This software infrastructure facilitates the use of controlled annotations in the identification of model components. The annotation procedures described in the MIRIAM standard entail the use of a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), thereby uniquely identifying a component without reference to its physical location.

Results

MIRIAM Resources are a set of on-line services centred around a catalogue of data types. Data types can be ontologies, such as Gene Ontology, or primary data resources available via the Web, such as UniProt and PubMed. Each of these is uniquely identified within the MIRIAM database, and information stored regarding the corresponding physical URLs (data resources) through which their associated data can be accessed. Conversion services, to generate a MIRIAM URI from a data type name and dataset identifier, and resolution services, to generate physical locations for a given MIRIAM URI, are provided through SOAP and REST Web Services. MIRIAM annotations have become widely accepted and now used and supported by various communities, such as BioModels.net, SBML, CellML and BioPAX.ConclusionThe utility of MIRIAM URIs is not restricted solely to the field of quantitative modelling; MIRIAM Resources are now used by the Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI). MIRIAM Resources allow easy access to MIRIAM URIs, as well as associated information, and facilitate the identification, exchange, and integration of data in the Life Sciences. The source code for the entire project is available, under the GNU General Public License, at: "http://sourceforge.net/projects/miriam/":http://sourceforge.net/projects/miriam/.
Tales From the Code Front: Translating Modularity
Authors: Smith Lucian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn translating modular Antimony models to and from CellML, two differences appeared: CellML's 'black box' approach vs. Antimony's 'model composition' approach, and CellML's math-based encoding vs. Antimony's object and rule-based encoding. The latter turned out to have a much larger impact on the translation than anticipated.
A community of biocurators
Authors: Gaudet Pascale 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBiocuration is a difficult mission: biological data is highly heterogeneous, and there are few areas where guidelines for data preservation and exchange exist. This has hampered the speed, quantity and diversity of data possible to capture. Hence, a major challenge for the biocuration community is to explore innovative ways to capture, represent and display information. It is also essential to increase the involvement of researchers, publishers and funding agencies in this process. I will discuss the work of the International Society for Biocuration to build a community of biocurators to achieve these goals.