bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomic imbalance: prophet of doom or scope for hope?
Authors: Vinik A. I. , Maser R. E. , Ziegler D. 
Published: November 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 643–651 (2011)AbstractIt has long been recognized that cardiac autonomic neuropathy increases morbidity and mortality in diabetes and may have greater predictive power than traditional risk factors for cardiovascular events. Significant morbidity and mortality can now be attributable to autonomic imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system regulation of cardiovascular function. New and emerging syndromes include orthostatic tachycardia, orthostatic bradycardia and an inability to use heart rate as a guide to exercise intensity because of the resting tachycardia. Recent studies have shown that autonomic imbalance may be a predictor of risk of sudden death with intensification of glycaemic control. This review examines an association of autonomic dysregulation and the role of inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines that promote cardiovascular risk. In addition, conditions of autonomic imbalance associated with cardiovascular risk are discussed. Potential treatment for restoration of autonomic balance is outlined.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves health‐related quality of life in patients with diabetes and chronic foot ulcer
Authors: Löndahl M. , Landin‐Olsson M. , Katzman P. 
Published: November 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 186–190 (2011)AbstractAims  Adjunctive treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy has recently been shown to improve ulcer healing in patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcer. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves the health related quality of life in these patients.Methods  Prospective randomized placebo‐controlled double‐blinded study setting using SF‐36.Results  A total of 75 patients were included in the study; 38 were randomized to hyperbaric oxygen therapy and 37 to placebo (hyperbaric air). The overall mean physical and mental summary scores for the entire study population at baseline were 29.6 ± 8.8 and 47.5 ± 12.4, respectively. There was a significant difference between baseline and 1 year follow‐up responses to the mental summary score and two of the eight (SF‐36) (?) domains in the ‐hyperbaric oxygen group, whereas no significant improvement of health related quality of life was seen in the placebo group. Comparing quality of life in patients who healed their ulcer (healers) with those who did not (non‐healers), post‐treatment levels of the mental health summary score, social functioning and role limitations due to physical and emotional health were significantly improved in healers. No differences were seen in any SF‐36 (?) domain in non‐healers.Conclusions  Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves long‐term health related quality of life in patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcers, possibly attributable to better ulcer healing.
Epidermis: the formation and functions of a fundamental plant tissue
Authors: Javelle Marie , Vernoud Vanessa , Rogowsky Peter M. , Ingram Gwyneth C. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryEpidermis differentiation and maintenance are essential for plant survival. Constant cross‐talk between epidermal cells and their immediate environment is at the heart of epidermal cell fate, and regulates epidermis‐specific transcription factors. These factors in turn direct epidermal differentiation involving a whole array of epidermis‐specific pathways including specialized lipid metabolism necessary to build the protective cuticle layer. An intact epidermis is crucial for certain key processes in plant development, shoot growth and plant defence. Here, we discuss the control of epidermal cell fate and the function of the epidermal cell layer in the light of recent advances in the field.

Contents

Summary
17

I.
Introduction
17

II.
How do plants product an epidermis?
18

III.
Functions of the epidermis in plant development
28

IV.
The epidermal cuticle layer, lipids and plant defence
33

V.
Conclusions and perspectives
34

Acknowledgements
35

References
35
A case of adult‐onset type II citrullinemia with comorbid epilepsy even after liver transplantation
Authors: Eriguchi Yosuke , Yamasue Hidenori , Doi Nagafumi , Nishida Takuji , Abe Osamu , Yamada Haruyasu , Aoki Shigeki , Suga Motomu , Inoue Hideyuki , Nonaka Hiroi , Obata Takayuki , Ikehira Hiroo , Kobayashi Keiko , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe current study using single case voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 1H‐MR‐spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) explores the neural background of unexplained seizure attacks and electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities persisting even after liver transplantation in a patient with adult‐onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2). Although the MRI had shown no gross abnormality, the VBM revealed significantly smaller‐than‐normal regional volume in the left hippocampus of the patient as compared with 111 age‐matched controls. 1H‐MRS further indicated reduction of all metabolite concentrations in the left hippocampus compared with those in the right homolog region, with the single exception of elevated glutamate concentration. These results are similar to those of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), although CTLN2‐complicated mesial TLE has rarely been reported. In contrast to TLE, periictal asterixis and interictal slow activities on EEG support another possibility that the patient might have slight metabolic encephalopathy even after the liver transplantation.
Strategic Adaptation to Performance Objectives in a Dual‐Task Setting
Authors: Janssen Christian P. , Brumby Duncan P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHow do people interleave attention when multitasking? One dominant account is that the completion of a subtask serves as a cue to switch tasks. But what happens if switching solely at subtask boundaries led to poor performance? We report a study in which participants manually dialed a UK‐style telephone number while driving a simulated vehicle. If the driver were to exclusively return his or her attention to driving after completing a subtask (i.e., using the single break in the xxxxx‐xxxxxx representational structure of the number), then we would expect to see a relatively poor driving performance. In contrast, our results show that drivers choose to return attention to steering control before the natural subtask boundary. A computational modeling analysis shows that drivers had to adopt this strategy to meet the required performance objective of maintaining an acceptable lateral position in the road while dialing. Taken together these results support the idea that people can strategically control the allocation of attention in multitask settings to meet specific performance criteria.
Is a Closed-Suction Drain Advantageous for Penile Implant Surgery? The Debate Continues
Authors: Kramer Andrew , Goldmark Ellen , Greenfield Jason 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The debate about leaving a closed-suction drain during penile implant surgery remains unsolved. What is the current thinking about the pros and cons of leaving a scrotal drain for inflatable penile implant (IPP) surgery?

Aims
The aim of this study is to explore the fund of existing information, and formulate a point and counterpoint debate analyzing the drain issue for implant surgery.

Methods
Two differing points of view are given to answer the question of benefit vs. risk drains in implant patients.

Main Outcome Measures
To facilitate the debate about a longstanding urologic question.

Results
There are two conflicting points presented in this manuscript, one supporting drain placement, the other opposing it in light of the risks and benefits.

Conclusions
Without prospective randomized controlled trials specifically looking at drain placement following IPP, it is unclear whether or not this intervention is beneficial. Until a study of this type is performed, leaving a drain will largely remain a surgeon preference.
Sexual Health Difficulties in a Population-Based Sample of Croatian Women Aged 18–35 and the Effects of the Dual (Career and Motherhood) Role
Authors: Štulhofer Aleksandar , Kuljanić Karin , Buzina Daška Štulhofer 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe prevalence of sexual health difficulties among women in Croatia is presently unknown. Although women under 40 years of age may be exposed to the most intense demands of the dual role (career and motherhood), they are often assumed to be at lower risk for sexual difficulties.AimTo assess the prevalence of sexual difficulties in a population-based study of women aged 18–35 and to explore the possible impact of the dual role on female sexual health.MethodsThe study was carried out in April 2010 on a multistage probability sample of 1,000 women aged 18–35 years. The response rate was 37.3% (1,680 women refused to participate). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlates of sexual difficulties, including the dual role.Main Outcome MeasuresThe prevalence of the four most common female sexual health difficulties (lack of desire, lubrication difficulties, inability to reach orgasm, and pain during intercourse) were measured using the one-item indicators from the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors.ResultsAmong coitally experienced women (N=870), 27.6% reported having a lack of desire, 23.6% pain during sexual intercourse, 23.1% inability to reach orgasm, and 18.5% difficulties with genital lubrication. All four difficulties were negatively associated with sexual satisfaction, but only the lack of sexual interest and inability to reach orgasm seemed to substantially decrease sexual well-being. In multivariate analyses, age, education, being in a steady relationship or married, and partner communication about sexuality were significant correlates of reported sexual difficulties. The dual role was not a significant predictor of sexual health difficulties.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of participants reported one or more sexual health difficulties that lasted for at least 2 months. Women in the dual role were not at an increased risk of experiencing difficulties in sexual functioning.
Sexual Function After Rectocele Repair
Authors: Brandner Sonja , Monga Ash , Mueller Michael D. , Herrmann Gudrun , Kuhn Annette 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition among women with a prevalence of 11% and may affect the anterior, posterior, or apical compartment with a negative impact on sexual function.

Aim
Aim of the current study was to evaluate sexual function before and after surgical rectocele fascial repair in sexually active patients who suffer from symptomatic rectoceles.

Main Outcome Measures
Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and anatomical outcome after rectocele repair.

Methods
Between December 2000 and December 2009, we asked sexually active female patients who were to undergo rectocele fascial repair for symptomatic rectoceles to participate in this study. The patients were gynecologically examined before and after surgery and prolapse staging was performed using the ICS-Pelvic Organ Prolapse Staging. Patients were asked to fill in the FSFI before surgery and at 6 months follow-up. For statistical analysis, Graph Pad Prism version 5.0 for Windows was used (Graph Pad, La Jolla, CA, USA). Student’s t-test was used after normality tests to compare groups and α was set 0.05.

Results
Sixty-eight patients were included in this study. Median age was 72 years (range 47–91), median parity of 2 (range 0–3) and median body mass index was 29 kg/m2 (range 23–31). Main complaints preoperatively were painful prolapse feeling (n = 52), dyspareunia (n = 59), and a feeling of vaginal heaviness (n = 39). One patient who had suffered from postoperative infection that resulted in excessive scar tissue of the posterior wall suffered from de novo dyspareunia. Statistical analyses (paired t-test) showed significant improvement for desire (P &lt; 0.001), satisfaction (P &lt; 0.0001), and pain (P &lt; 0.0001) and no significant changes for arousal (P = 0.0897), lubrication (P = 1), and orgasm (P = 0.0893).

Conclusion
Posterior fascial repair improves some domains of sexual function but not all in sexually active patients with symptomatic rectoceles, and local oestrogene treatment may contribute to this finding.
Attitudes, knowledge and barriers to participation in cancer clinical trials among rural and remote patients
Authors: SABESAN Sabe , BURGHER Bjourn , BUETTNER Petra , PILIOURAS Peter , OTTY Zulfiquer , VARMA Suresh , THAKER Darshit 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  To assess the knowledge of randomized clinical trials and willingness and barriers to participation among rural, remote and regional cancer patients of North Queensland.Methods:  A survey was conducted in medical oncology outpatient clinics at the Townsville and Mt Isa hospitals on patients, following their informed consent, using questionnaires. Rurality was defined according to the rural remote and metropolitan area classification.Results:  Of the 180 patients approached, 178 participated. The median distance to the regional trial center for rural participants was 180 km (range 80–1300 km). 45.4% lived in rural or remote areas and the rest lived in Townsville, a regional metropolitan center. Their overall knowledge was low, with a median knowledge score of 3 (inter‐quartile ranges n = 2.5). For randomized controlled trials there were no significant relationships between willingness to participate and rurality or education level (P = 0.981). Cost of travel (41.1% rural or remote; 23.5% regional; P < 0.001) and the need for family or friends to accompany them (38.9% rural or remote; 24.1% regional, P = 0.021) were more important for rural/remote than regional patients as factors affecting participation.Conclusion:  Rural and remote patients are as interested in participating in randomized clinical trials as regional patients. Their knowledge of trials is poor and education earlier in the consultations is needed. Since cost of travel and the need for family members to accompany them are important for rural patients trial budgets should include the cost of travel to encourage participation.
Influenza and other respiratory viruses in three Central American countries
Authors: Laguna‐Torres Victor A. , Sánchez‐Largaespada José F. , Lorenzana Ivette , Forshey Brett , Aguilar Patricia , Jimenez Mirna , Parrales Eduardo , Rodriguez Francisco , García Josefina , Jimenez Ileana , Rivera Maribel , Perez Juan , Sovero Merly , Rios Jane , Gamero María E. , Halsey Eric S. , Kochel Tadeusz J. 
Published: November 2010

Please cite this paper as: Laguna‐Torres et al. (2011) Influenza and other respiratory viruses in three Central American countries. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(2), 123–134.Background  Despite the disease burden imposed by respiratory diseases on children in Central America, there is a paucity of data describing the etiologic agents of the disease.Aims  To analyze viral etiologic agents associated with influenza‐like illness (ILI) in participants reporting to one outpatient health center, one pediatric hospital, and three general hospitals in El Salvador, Honduras, and NicaraguaMaterial & Methods  Between August 2006 and April 2009, pharyngeal swabs were collected from outpatients and inpatients. Patient specimens were inoculated onto cultured cell monolayers, and viral antigens were detected by indirect and direct immunofluorescence staining.Results  A total of 1,756 patients were enrolled, of whom 1,195 (68.3%) were under the age of 5; and 183 (10.4%) required hospitalization. One or more viral agents were identified in 434 (24.7%) cases, of which 17 (3.9%) were dual infections. The most common viruses isolated were influenza A virus (130; 7.4% of cases), respiratory syncytial virus (122; 6.9%), adenoviruses (63; 3.6%), parainfluenza viruses (57; 3.2%), influenza B virus (47; 2.7% of cases), and herpes simplex virus 1 (22; 1.3%). In addition, human metapneumovirus and enteroviruses (coxsackie and echovirus) were isolated from patient specimens.Discussion  When compared to the rest of the population, viruses were isolated from a significantly higher percentage of patients age 5 or younger. The prevalence of influenza A virus or influenza B virus infections was similar between the younger and older age groups. RSV was the most commonly detected pathogen in infants age 5 and younger and was significantly associated with pneumonia (p < 0.0001) and hospitalization (p < 0.0001).Conclusion  Genetic analysis of influenza isolates identified A (H3N2), A (H1N1), and B viruses. It also showed that the mutation H274Y conferring resistance to oseltamivir was first detected in Honduran influenza A/H1N1 strains at the beginning of 2008. These data demonstrate that a diverse range of respiratory pathogens are associated with ILI in Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. RSV infection in particular appears to be associated with severe disease in infants in the region.
Effects of Extraction Conditions on the Sensory and Instrumental Characteristics of Fish Gelatin Gels
Authors: Boran G. , Lawless H.T. , Regenstein J.M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  Fish skin gelatin has recently been of interest as a product that eliminates religious concerns (Jewish and Muslim) and could be an alternative value‐added product from fish waste. Recent research has shown that extraction conditions affect gelatin quality. In this study, gelatin from Asian silver carp skin and extracted under different conditions have been studied sensory properties using descriptive analysis and time intensity testing to determine how extraction conditions affect gelatin sensory properties. Three pairs of gelatin samples were selected based on their gel strength, viscosity, and melting temperature. The impacts of different extraction conditions on instrumental methods were examined. Some functionality measurements were also done to determine how sensory measurements correlate with instrumental measurements. The gel strength varied between 60 ± 10 g and 590 ± 30 g while the viscosity varied between 1.9 ± 0.0 cP and 7.4 ± 0.2 cP. The hardness, melting and gelling temperature of the samples were well correlated with the gel strength (r > 0.90). The results indicated that the strongest correlation among all the sensory attributes was between firmness and melting temperature, which was a negative correlation (−0.75) suggesting that the firmer the gel samples the slower they melt. The viscosity was found to be very discriminative between samples in terms of sensory properties. The functional measurements were found to be strongly correlated within themselves while the sensory measurements were less so, which might be due to the greater variability when using sensory panelists or sensory parameters simply might not be related. The firmness, melting rate, and aftertaste were those sensory attributes most successfully discriminated by the panelists.Practical Application:  The production of fish gelatin from Asian carp would provide an additional use for this invasive species in the Midwest of the United States. This could increase the fishing pressure on the fish to prevent further migration, particularly into the Great Lakes. As such, Asian carp fish gelatin would be a value‐added product from an otherwise waste component of the fish. This would be available to all those consumers who for one reason or another do not wish to use pork and beef gelatin, for example, Muslims, Jews, those concerned about “Mad Cow Disease,” and so on. At the same time it could provide a greater economic return for fishers and fish processors.
Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by Food Antimicrobials Applied Singly and in Combination
Authors: Brandt Alex L. , Castillo Alejandro , Harris Kerri B. , Keeton Jimmy T. , Hardin Margaret D. , Taylor Thomas M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  Combining food antimicrobials can enhance inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) meats. A broth dilution assay was used to compare the inhibition of L. monocytogenes resulting from exposure to nisin, acidic calcium sulfate, ɛ‐poly‐L‐lysine, and lauric arginate ester applied singly and in combination. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were the lowest concentrations of single antimicrobials producing inhibition following 24 h incubation at 35 °C. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were the lowest concentrations that decreased populations by ≥3.0 log10 CFU/mL. Combinations of nisin with acidic calcium sulfate, nisin with lauric arginate ester, and ɛ‐poly‐L‐lysine with acidic calcium sulfate were prepared using a checkerboard assay to determine optimal inhibitory combinations (OICs). Fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) were calculated from OICs and were used to create FIC indices (FICIs) and isobolograms to classify combinations as synergistic (FICI < 1.00), additive/indifferent (FICI= 1.00), or antagonistic (FICI > 1.00). MIC values for nisin ranged from 3.13 to 6.25 μg/g with MBC values at 6.25 μg/g for all strains except for Natl. Animal Disease Center (NADC) 2045. MIC values for ɛ‐poly‐L‐lysine ranged from 6.25 to 12.50 μg/g with MBCs from 12.50 to 25.00 μg/g. Lauric arginate ester at 12.50 μg/g was the MIC and MBC for all strains; 12.50 mL/L was the MIC and MBC for acidic calcium sulfate. Combining nisin with acidic calcium sulfate synergistically inhibited L. monocytogenes; nisin with lauric arginate ester produced additive‐type inhibition, while ɛ‐poly‐L‐lysine with acidic calcium sulfate produced antagonistic‐type inhibition. Applying nisin along with acidic calcium sulfate should be further investigated for efficacy on RTE meat surfaces.Practical Application:  This study demonstrates the potential for combinations of antimicrobials to result in greater pathogen inhibition as compared to the application of a single antimicrobial. The data presented in this study can aid the food industry in developing more efficient and effective application of antimicrobials. These findings should also prompt further studies validating the inhibitory effect of combinations of antimicrobials on ready‐to‐eat surfaces.