bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Each Child Study: Systematic Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Pediatric Setting
Authors: Miller Judith S. , Gabrielsen Terisa , Villalobos Michele , Alleman Rebecca , Wahmhoff Natalie , Carbone Paul S. , Segura Brandon 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility and outcome of a systematic autism screening process for all toddlers (aged 14–30 months) in a large, community-based pediatric practice.

METHODS:
All toddlers who presented to the clinic during the 6-month screening period were eligible. We used 2 screening questionnaires and allowed physicians to refer directly to capture as many children as possible. Receptionists and medical assistants distributed and collected screening questionnaires; research staff did all scoring and follow-up, either by telephone or in person when indicated.

RESULTS:
We obtained a high rate of screening (80% of eligible children). Of the 796 children screened, 3 had already been diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD); an additional 10 children who showed signs of early ASD that warranted further evaluation or intervention were identified. Formal screening measures identified more children with ASD than did clinical judgment or caregiver concerns; however, no single method (ie, questionnaire, caregiver concerns, provider concerns) identified all children with signs of early ASD. We had excellent participation from racially and ethnically diverse families, including Spanish-speaking families. Thirty-two percent of the children who were screened did not present for a well-child visit during the study period and were screened at a sick visit, follow-up visit, or injection appointment.

CONCLUSIONS:
A partnership between pediatricians and autism specialists resulted in effective, systematic autism screening. Future studies should examine how to create effective systems of care.
Knowledge and Practice of Prechewing/Prewarming Food by HIV-Infected Women
Authors: Gaur Aditya H. , Freimanis-Hance Laura , Dominguez Kenneth , Mitchell Charles , Menezes Jacqueline , Mussi-Pinhata Marisa M. , Peixoto Mario F. , Alarcon Jorge , Coelho Debora F. , Read Jennifer S. 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE:HIV transmission has been associated with offering a child food prechewed by an HIV-infected caregiver. We assessed awareness of prechewing and oral prewarming of food by an adult before offering it to a child among HIV-infected pregnant women and clinical investigators in 3 Latin American countries.METHODS:HIV-infected pregnant women at 12 sites (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development International Site Development Initiative Perinatal Longitudinal Study in Latin American Countries, a prospective cohort trial) in Argentina, Brazil, and Peru were administered a screening survey about prechewing/prewarming of infant foods and cautioned against these feeding practices. Survey responses were analyzed, overall, and stratified according to country.RESULTS:Of the 401 HIV-infected pregnant women interviewed, 34% had heard about prechewing (50% from Argentina, 32% from Brazil, and 36% from Peru), 23% knew someone who prechewed food for infants, and 4% had prechewed food in the past. Seventeen percent had heard about oral prewarming of food, 13% knew someone who prewarmed food for infants, and 3% had prewarmed food for an infant in the past. Women who reported knowing someone who prechewed were more likely to also know someone who prewarmed food (P &lt; .0001). Few site investigators anticipated that their patients would be aware of these practices.CONCLUSIONS:Prechewing food, a potential risk factor for HIV transmission, and orally prewarming food, which has not been associated with HIV transmission but might expose a child to blood from an HIV-infected adult, are not uncommon practices in Latin America. Both practices should be further investigated. Site investigator responses underscore that health care providers could be missing information about cultural practices that patients may not report unless specifically asked.
Are Parents of Young Children Practicing Healthy Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviors?
Authors: Berge Jerica M. , Larson Nicole , Bauer Katherine W. , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:
Although parenthood is a common life event in early adulthood, little is known about whether parenthood is associated with weight and weight-related health behaviors, including dietary intake and physical activity.

OBJECTIVE:
In this article we examine whether parents of young children (aged ≤5 years) report different dietary intake, physical activity, and BMIs compared with young adults without children.

METHODS:
Data for this analysis were drawn from the second and third waves of Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), a longitudinal population-based cohort study. Young adults (838 women, 682 men) from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds were included. Gender-stratified linear regression models were used to examine associations between parental status and dietary intake, hours of physical activity, and BMI. Results were adjusted for each health behavior outcome level 5 years earlier (time 2).

RESULTS:
Results indicate that although many dietary behaviors were the same between parents and nonparents, mothers reported greater consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, total energy, and percent saturated fat compared with women without children. Both mothers and fathers had lower amounts of physical activity compared with nonparents. Mothers had higher mean BMIs than women without children. No difference was observed in BMIs between fathers and men without children.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings suggest that pediatricians and health care providers may want to consider discussing dietary intake and physical activity with new parents to identify ways to engage in healthful behaviors given the daily demands of parenthood, both to improve parents' own health and to help them model healthful behavior for their children.
Evaluation of Immunization Rates and Safety Among Children With Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Authors: Klein Nicola P. , Aukes Laurie , Lee Janelle , Fireman Bruce , Shapira Stuart K. , Slade Barbara , Baxter Roger , Summar Marshall 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:
Children with inherited metabolic disorders are a potential high-risk group for vaccine-preventable diseases, yet information regarding immunization rates and vaccine safety within this population is limited.

METHODS:
Using Northern California Kaiser Permanente's electronic medical record, we identified children with inborn errors of metabolism from 1990 to 2007. We assessed immunization rates among infants with inborn errors of metabolism born at Northern California Kaiser Permanente matched to healthy infants (1 to 20), comparing both vaccines received by 2 years of age and age at vaccination. We assessed postvaccination adverse events among children up to 18 years old with inborn errors of metabolism, separately comparing emergency-department visits and hospitalizations during postvaccine days 0 to 30 (primary) and days 0 to 14 (secondary).

RESULTS:
Comparing infants with inborn errors of metabolism (n = 77) versus matched control subjects (n = 1540), similar proportions were up to date for vaccines at 2 years of age, and there was no evidence of delay in receipt of recommended vaccines during the first year. Vaccination of children with inborn errors of metabolism (n = 271) was not associated with any significant increase in emergency-department visits or hospitalizations during the 30 days after vaccination. Secondary analyses suggested that there may be increased rates of hospitalizations 2 weeks after vaccination for the sickest 1- to 4-year-old children.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children with inborn errors of metabolism at Northern California Kaiser Permanente received vaccines on the same immunization schedule as healthy infants. Immunization was not associated with increased risk for serious adverse events during the month after vaccination, providing overall reassurance that routine vaccination of children with inborn errors of metabolism does not result in adverse effects.
Defect Engineering for Graphene Tunable Doping
Authors: Medina Henry , Lin Yung-Chang , Chiu Po-Wen 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTHere we describe a doping approach that enables selective and variable doping on graphene. The doping level reflected in the successive shift of the Raman G mode can be progressively changed by varying the coverage of molecular adsorption on graphene. We make use of lattice defects which serve as anchor groups for the non-covalent functionalization on graphene to enhance molecule adsorption on defective sites at the elevated processing temperatures and also orbital overlap between graphene and adsorbates (melamine). Low density of defects, which can be monitored by seeing the intensity ratio of the D to G mode in the Raman spectra, was generated by exposing graphene to short Ar plasma pulses, followed by dopant adsorption. The controllable creation of defects makes the precise doping on graphene feasible. Systematic characterizations by Raman scattering show that holes are transferred to graphene, with the doping level depending on the surface coverage of melamine. The charge transfer is also identified by the downshift of the charge neutrality point in the transfer characteristics.
Postoperative Radiotherapy for Resected Pathological Stage IIIA–N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study of 221 Cases from a Single Institution
Authors: Dai Honghai , Hui Zhouguang , Ji Wei , Liang Jun , Lu Jima , Ou Guangfei , Zhou Zongmei , Feng Qinfu , Xiao Zefen , Chen Dongfu , Zhang Hongxing , Yin Weibo , He Jie , Wang Luhua 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the present clinical practice and controversies regarding the use of PORT in resected pIIIA-pN2 NSCLC.Evaluate the effect of PORT on overall survival and on tumor control in this subgroup of patients.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Background.
For patients with resected pathological stage IIIA–N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is not well defined. In this single-institutional study, we re-evaluated the effect of PORT on overall survival (OS) as well as tumor control in this subgroup of patients.

Methods.
In 2003–2005, 221 consecutive patients with resected pathological stage IIIA–N2 NSCLC at our institution were retrospectively analyzed in an institutional review board–approved study. The effect of PORT on OS, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests. The impact of PORT on locoregional control and distant metastasis was also analyzed.

Results.
Compared with the control, patients treated with PORT had a significantly longer OS time (χ2, 3.966; p = .046) and DFS interval (χ2, 6.891; p = .009), as well as a trend toward a longer CSS duration (χ2, 3.486; p = .062). Patients treated with PORT also had a significantly higher locoregional recurrence-free survival rate (χ2, 5.048; p = .025) as well as distant metastasis-free survival rate (χ2, 11.248; p = .001). Multivariate analyses showed that PORT was significantly associated with a longer OS duration (p = .000).

Conclusions.
PORT can significantly improve the survival of patients with resected pathological stage IIIA–N2 NSCLC. A prospective randomized multicenter clinical trial is ongoing.
Follicular Adenoma and Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: McHenry Christopher R. , Phitayakorn Roy 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the differentiation of follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma.Explain novel developments in the diagnosis and treatment of follicular carcinoma.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid gland include benign follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. Currently, a follicular carcinoma cannot be distinguished from a follicular adenoma based on cytologic, sonographic, or clinical features alone. The pathogenesis of follicular carcinoma may be related to iodine deficiency and various oncogene and/or microRNA activation. Advances in molecular testing for genetic mutations may soon allow for preoperative differentiation of follicular carcinoma from follicular adenoma. Until then, a patient with a follicular neoplasm should undergo a diagnostic thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy, which is definitive treatment for a benign follicular adenoma or a minimally invasive follicular cancer. Additional therapy is necessary for invasive follicular carcinoma including completion thyroidectomy, postoperative radioactive iodine ablation, whole body scanning, and thyrotropin suppressive doses of thyroid hormone. Less than 10% of patients with follicular carcinoma will have lymph node metastases, and a compartment-oriented neck dissection is reserved for patients with macroscopic disease. Regular follow-up includes history and physical examination, cervical ultrasound and serum TSH, and thyroglobulin and antithyroglobulin antibody levels. Other imaging studies are reserved for patients with an elevated serum thyroglobulin level and a negative cervical ultrasound. Systemic metastases most commonly involve the lung and bone and less commonly the brain, liver, and skin. Microscopic metastases are treated with high doses of radioactive iodine. Isolated macroscopic metastases can be resected with an improvement in survival. The overall ten-year survival for patients with minimally invasive follicular carcinoma is 98% compared with 80% in patients with invasive follicular carcinoma.
Being The New York Times: the Political Behaviour of a Newspaper
Authors: Puglisi Riccardo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
I analyse a dataset of news from The New York Times, from 1946 to 1997. Controlling for the activity of the incumbent president and the U.S. Congress across issues, I find that during a presidential campaign, The New York Times gives more emphasis to topics on which the Democratic party is perceived as more competent (civil rights, health care, labor and social welfare) when the incumbent president is a Republican. This is consistent with the hypothesis that The New York Times has a Democratic partisanship, with some “anti-incumbent” aspects, in that—during a presidential campaign—it gives more emphasis to issues over which the (Republican) incumbent is weak. To the extent that the interest of readers across issues is not systematically related with the political affiliation of the incumbent president and the election cycle, the observed changes in news coverage are consistent with The New York Times departing from demand-driven news coverage. In fact, I show that these findings are robust to controlling for Gallup data on the most important problem facing the country, which I use as a proxy for issue tastes of Times’ readers.
Blood Plasma Metabolic Profile of Aberdeen Angus Bulls during Postnatal Ontogenesis
Authors: Pavlík Aleš , Jelínek Pavel , Matějíček Martin , Illek Josef 
Published: April 2011

Selected indicators for the metabolic profile of blood plasma in 22 Aberdeen Angus bulls reared by the extensive method were monitored during postnatal development (from 4 to 564 days of age), including total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, tyroxin, triiodothyronine, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chlorides, copper, zinc and iron. In assessing the relationship of age to the indicators of the internal environment, values of correlation coefficients for total proteins (r = –0.70;p< 0.01), albumin (r = –0.56;p< 0.01), urea (r = –0.73;p< 0.01), glucose (r = –0.38;p< 0.01) and triiodothyronine (r = –0.82;p< 0.01) were established. Significant relationships were shown between the temperature of the external environment and the amount of total proteins (r = –0.38;p< 0.01), urea concentration (r = –0.41;p< 0.01), ALP (r = 0.58;p< 0.01) and ALT (r = 0.45;p< 0.01) activity. Temperature also showed a significant impact on the concentration of P (r = 0.57;p< 0.01), K (r = –0.69;p< 0.01) and Zn (r = 0.33;p< 0.01). The work yields important information on changes in the indicators of the metabolic profile of the blood plasma of bulls during postnatal development under defined nutritional and temperature conditions that can be used as reference values for evaluating health status as well as nutrition level.
In vitro Micropropagation of Datura metel L. through Somatic Embryos from Root Explants
Authors: Nithiya P. , Arockiasamy D. I. 
Published: April 2011

A simple reproducible protocol has been reported from root explants for in vitro micropropagation of Datura metel through somatic embryos. A large number of somatic embryos were developed from these explants on MS supplemented with BAP 4.0 mg/l 15 days after inoculation. Subsequently all embryos developed into plants while they were attached to the explants. Fast shoot elongation and root growth were achieved in MS containing BAP 2.0 mg/l, GA3 1.0 mg/l and IBA 1.0 mg/l. These plantlets had a well developed tap root system and hundreds of plantlets could be easily separated from the initial root explants. The well rooted plantlets were hardened in plastic cups containing sterilized vermiculite, garden soil and farmyard soil (1 : 1 : 1). These plants were successfully transferred and grown in the soil mixture after two weeks with a survival rate of 90%. The protocol developed should prove to be highly promising to produce large quantities of plants in a short period of time. Key words: Somatic embryos, Root explants, Micropropagation, Datura metel D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.3231 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17(2): 125-130, 2007 (December)
In vitro Regeneration of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata) through Hypocotyl and Cotyledon Culture
Authors: Munshi M.K. , Roy P.K. , Kabir M.H. , Ahmed G. 
Published: April 2011

The best response toward direct regeneration of multiple shoots from seven-dayold seedling was observed on half-strength MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA. Hypocotyl and cotyledon explants produced highest percentage (73 and 66, respectively) of shoots. The maximum number of shoots (12) and the highest shoot length of 5.9 cm were also observed in this medium. On the other hand, indirect regeneration via callus was observed in cotyledonary explants. Maximum percentage of callus formation was observed on MS containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l NAA. Highest frequency of shoot regeneration was achieved on MS fortified with 2.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA in cotyledon derived callus. Shoot regeneration was not obtained in hypocotyl-derived callus. Shoots rooted well when they were excised individually and implanted in halfstrength MS with 0.5 mg/l IBA in which 98% rooting was achieved within 10 - 12 days. The well rooted in vitro raised plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and their survival rate under natural environment was 86%. Key words: In vitro regeneration, Cabbage, Hypocotyl, Cotyledon D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.3233 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17(2): 131-136, 2007 (December)
Regression of plaque burden after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a patient with TVD: 4 years follow-up
Authors: Islam AHM W , Munwar S , Talukder S , Reza AQM , Ahmed T 
Published: April 2011

Coronary Artery disease (CAD) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world as well as in Bangladesh. Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) patient either by Streptokinase (STK) or Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (pPCI) has increased the survival outcome and reduced the mortality. Several studies have documented the significant beneficial role pPCI in terms of in-hospital survival outcome over thrombolysis. Our patient, who had Anterior MI in 2004 and his CAG revealed TVD. pPCI of the culprit mid LAD lesion with Bare Metal Stent (BMS) was done immediately after hospitalization. He was later referred for CABG, but decision postponed because of asymptomatic status. His re-look CAG on 20-02-2008 (i.e., 4 yrs after the original procedure), revealed patent LAD stent with the regression of atherosclerotic plaque in Ostio-Proximal LAD and proximal LCX. Our findings indicated that pPCI with rigid control of CAD risk factors and modification of lifestyle plays a key role in the regression of atherosclerotic plaque and maintenance of stent patency.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v4i1.6959Pulse Vol.4 January 2010 p.22-25
Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A case report
Authors: Mallik AU , Rahman MZ , Sarker MMR 
Published: April 2011

Background: Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder is very rare variety of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with a prominent component of spindle-shaped cell. The incidence rate of this tumor is 0.5 % of all bladder tumors.Case report: Herein, we report a case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of urinary bladder of a farmer aged 70 years old, smoker with the complaints of lower abdominal pain, mild burning during urination and 3 episodes of painless gross haematuria. USG of KUB revealed a cystic lesion in front of the anterior bladder wall. We planned for total cystectomy but patient refused, so, partial cystectomy was carried out. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological study. Patient refused for radiotherapy or chemotherapy and died after 7 months of surgery due to metastasis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v4i1.6961Pulse Vol.4 January 2010 p.28-29
De novo activation of HBV with escape mutations from hepatitis B surface antibody after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Ueda Yoshihide , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Egawa Hiroto , Okamoto Shinya , Ogura Yasuhiro , Oike Fumitaka , Nishijima Norihiro , Takada Yasutsugu , Uemoto Shinji , Chiba Tsutomu 
Published: April 2011

Background De novo activation of HBV occurs after liver transplantation from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)- positive donors, even under hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) prophylaxis. One reason for the activation of HBV is the emergence of HBV with escape mutations from hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). The aim of this study is to clarify the clinical features for de novo activation of HBV with anti-HBs escape mutations after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical features of 75 patients who received HBIG prophylaxis >6 months after liver transplantation with liver grafts from anti-HBc-positive donors were retrospectively analysed. Results Among the 75 recipients, 19 (25%) developed de novo activation of HBV. Of the 19 recipients, the emergence of HBV with anti-HBs escape mutations was confirmed in 7 patients. The rate of de novo activation of HBV with anti-HBs escape mutations was 12% at 5 years. Sequence analysis revealed mutations in the common ‘a’ determinant region of the surface gene, including G145R, G145A and Q129P, in HBsAg. Administration of entecavir immediately after the occurrence of de novo HBV activation resolved hepatitis and induced clearance of serum HBsAg and HBV DNA in all four patients receiving entecavir. Conclusions Escape mutations from anti-HBs caused de novo activation of HBV under HBIG prophylaxis after liver transplantation. Early administration of entecavir was effective on de novo activation of HBV with anti-HBs escape mutations.