bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining complex cancer etiologies within the Korean population: A high-throughput multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jung Keum Ji , Spiller Wes , Song Dae Sub , Shin Jong Won , Lee Kyoungho , Jee Sun Ha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite an extensive body of observational research related to risk factors for cancer incidence, it is unclear whether the estimated associations are causal or a result of unmeasured confoundingfactors. To consider this possibility, this study explored a range of candidate epidemiological factors associated with the onset of cancer within a Mendelian randomization framework.
Methods
Multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses were conducted using data from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II Biobank and the Korean Genome Epidemiologic Study. Analyses were performed to investigate 13 cancer-related risk factors and 13 types of cancer. Initially, univariate Mendelian randomization analyses were performed for each factor, estimating its association with cancer. Subsequently, a set of factors was explored using MVMR.
Results
By analyzing factors related to the onset of cancer, it was determined that smoking is associated with lung cancer, while hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity is significantly linked to gastric cancer, liver cancer, and cervical cancer. PSA levels are estimated to be causally related to prostate cancer, while bilirubin has emerged as a novel factor showing a positive association with lung cancer. To confirm the causal effect between HBsAg and cancer, a MVMR was conducted, controlling for bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase. The results indicated a positive association between HBsAg and cervical cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer. Conversely, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer showed a negative association. In the case of breast cancer, individuals with HBsAg at the age of over 50 years exhibited a significantly lower risk, with an odds ratio of 0.87 (P = 3.07 × 10-16).
Conclusions
Smoking status, HBsAg, and PSA levels replicated findings from previous studies suggesting causal relationships. However, bilirubin and HBsAg demonstrated positive causal associations with some cancers, while HBsAg exhibited negative associations with other cancers. Further research is warranted to explore the cancer-specific causality of HBsAg.
St. Gallen early breast cancer management recommendations are becoming more applicable to most countries even with different levels of income and healthcare scenarios, Egypt as an example
Authors: Khaled Hussein , Nada Yousry Wasef , Ramadan Kareem Mohamed , Fekry Shawkat , Seleam Mohamed Samy , Lotayef Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose: One of the most important meetings in the field of developing clinical guidelines for early management for breast cancer is the 18th St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference that was held in March 2023. To tailor these guidelines to suit clinical practice of oncologists in Egypt, an Egyptian Panel were asked to vote on most of the questions of the original St. Gallen consensus.
Methods: The panel consisted of 76 different oncology specialists. 100 questions were assembled and then projected on the monkey survey website. The answers were analyzed in relation to the answers of the St. Gallen panel, 2023.
Results and conclusions: A consensus (≥ 50% approval) among Egyptian panel was reached in answering 71/100 questions denoting the need of more research tackling different problems in taking care of patients having early breast cancer. Comparing answers of both St. Gallen and Egyptian panel to common questions, no consensus was only in 9 out of the 100 questions. So, St. Gallen recommendations are becoming more and more applicable to most countries even with different levels of income and healthcare scenarios.
The Brazilian model for dental age estimation: Willems’ model revisited
Authors: Franco Ademir , Moreira Débora Duarte , Cidade Rafael , Machado Marcos , Bueno Juliano , Malschitzky Carolina , Boedi Rizky Merdietio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
1) to test the Willems’ dental age estimation method in different geographic samples of the Brazilian population, and 2) to propose a new model combining the geographic samples in a single reference table of Brazilian maturity scores.
Material and methods
The sample consisted of 5017 panoramic radiographs of Brazilian males (n = 2443) and females (n = 2574) between 6 and 15.99 years (mean age = 10.99 ± 2.76 years). The radiographs were collected from the Southeastern (SE) (n = 2920), Central-Western (CW) (n = 1176), and Southern (SO) (n = 921) geographic regions. Demirjian’s technique, was applied followed by Willem’s method and the proposed new model.
Results
Willems’ method led to mean absolute errors (MAE) of 0.79 and 0.81 years for males and females, respectively. Root mean squared errors (RMSE) were 1.01 and 1.03 years, respectively. The Brazilian model led to MAE of 0.72 and 0.74 years for males and females, respectively, and RMSE of 0.93 years for both sexes. The MAE was reduced in 70% of the age categories. Differences between regions were statistically (p < 0.05) but not clinically significant.
Conclusion
The new model based on a combined population had an enhanced performance compared to Willems’ model and led to reference outcomes for Brazilians. Clinical relevance: Assessing patients’ biological development by means of dental analysis is relevant to plan orthopedic treatments and follow up. Having a combined-region statistic model for dental age estimation of Brazilian children contributes to optimal dental age estimation practices.
Raising Awareness and Education of Genetic Testing and Counseling through Fotonovelas among Latina Women At Risk for Hereditary Breast or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Barajas Rolando , Barajas Clara B. , Ramos Yaideliz M. Romero , Trillos Sara Gómez , Sawhney Sabrina , Campos Claudia , Hurtado-de-Mendoza Alejandra , Rotunno Melissa , Gillanders Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Latinas are less likely to receive genetic counseling and genetic testing (GCT) compared to non-Latina Whites because of systemic and patient-level barriers. We developed and tested fotonovelas to increase awareness of GCT among Latinas at-risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC).
Methods
Content for the fotonovelas was drawn from an existing culturally-targeted narrative video focused on improving GCT use among Latinas at-risk of HBOC. Using mixed-methods, we interviewed cancer patients (n = 10) and their relatives (n = 10) to assess the preliminary efficacy of the fotonovelas through pre-and post-fotonovela items assessing self-rated knowledge of GCT and willingness to discuss cancer with family. Health workers (n = 10) provided feedback on the fotonovela content. McNemar's test was used to examine differences in the proportions of the outcomes pre- and post-fotonovelas. Interviews were transcribed and coded in Dedoose using a consensual qualitative research approach.
Results
Reading the fotonovelas increased self-rated knowledge of GCT by 22% (p = 0.16), from 50–60% in patients and from 63–100% among relatives. Analogously, reading the fotonovela increased willingness to talk about cancer with family by 33% (p = 0.02), from 70–100% in patients and from 38–75% in relatives. We identified six themes, some centered around the fotonovela’s message, feedback, and perceived barriers to GCT. Overall, participants liked the use of fotonovelas to increase GCT awareness and cancer conversations with family.
Conclusions
Fotonovelas could potentially be used as educational tools to increase GCT awareness and cancer conversations among Latino families at-risk of HBOC.
A Rate of Penetration (ROP) Prediction Method Based on Improved Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm and BiLSTM-SA
Authors: Xiong Mengyuan , Zheng Shuangjin , Cheng Rongsheng , Bai Kai , Wang Lihui , Zhang Haijun , Wang Guona 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In the field of oil drilling, accurately predicting the Rate of Penetration (ROP) is of great significance for improving drilling efficiency and reducing costs. However, traditional prediction methods may not fully exploit the potential information in drilling data, and the existing machine learning prediction methods may suffer from insufficient prediction accuracy due to lack of full optimization of the model. To address this issue, this study proposes an end-to-end Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network (BiLSTM) incorporating the Self-Attention mechanism (SA). This method, based on data-driven foundations and the understanding of the relationships among various parameters through the Bingham equation, improves prediction accuracy, with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.309 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.790 on the test set. In order to further optimize the BiLSTM-SA model, this paper proposes an improved Dung Beetle Optimizer algorithm (SODBO) tailored to practical needs. Based on the Dung Beetle Optimizer algorithm, SODBO uses Sobol sequences to initialize population positions and simultaneously integrates the Golden Sine algorithm and dynamic subtraction factors to enhance optimization capabilities. After using SODBO to optimize the BiLSTM-SA, the RMSE of the model's test results is reduced to 0.065, and the R2 is increased to 0.963, which is a significant improvement compared to the original model. In practical drilling applications, the optimized model demonstrates good prediction performance.
A case report of empyema caused by Enterococcus gallinarum
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Jixiang , Wu Juanjuan , Liu Shuang , Sun Lu , Li Fajiu , Li Chenghong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Enterococcus gallinarum is an infrequently intestinal symbiotic pathogen associated with nosocomial infection in immunocompromised individuals. To date, rare cases of pulmonary infection attributable to Enterococcus gallinarum were reported. Herein, we presented the first case of empyema resulting from Enterococcus gallinarum infection.
Case presentation: An 81-year-old male presented with fever and dyspnea upon admission. Chest CT scan and thoracic ultrasonography confirmed the presence of right pleural effusion. Thoracoscopy revealed extensive adhesion, purulent fluid, and necrotic materials within the thoracic cavity. Enterococcus gallinarum was identified through pleural effusion culture. The patient underwent an intrathoracic injection of urokinase along with thoracic drainage. Following surgery, He took oral linezolid for over 1 month. Undergoing comprehensive treatment, the patient exhibited favorable recovery.
Conclusions: Enterococcus gallinarum could traverse the impaired gut barrier and cause extraintestinal infection in the immunosuppressive host. We reported the first case of empyema due to Enterococcus gallinarum infection. It should be suspected in patients with impaired immune function and invasive therapies, without responding to conventional antibiotic treatment. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment are crucial for the outcome of patients.
Teaching Utilization of Spatial Analysis Tools while conducting Family Adoption and Survey Training for Medical Undergraduates in a rural medical college of Maharashtra, India [TOOLS FAST]
Authors: Baviskar Mandar , Potdar Priyanka , Baviskar Padmakar , Baviskar Bharati , Raj Shivam , Phalke Deepak , Bhalwar Rajvir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Family Adoption Programme (FAP) envisions training students in longitudinal community based tracking and care of families. Mapping data of Family Adoption Program can help identify families that need specific interventions. Incorporation of basic spatial analysis skills during family survey using open source tools like EpiCollect5 and Google MyMaps can be feasible, relevant and novel skill for undergraduate medical students. We designed the TOOLS FAST workshop to accomplish this.
Aim
To assess the reactions and learning of students undergoing TOOLS FAST workshop.
Methods
A longitudinal study was conducted in 100 First MBBS students who were divided in five smaller groups of 20. Each group underwent a one day workshop on Spatial Analysis tools (Data Form making, Data Collection, Geo-tagging houses in Epicollect5, Basic of GIS & map generation in MyMaps). Gagne’s Nine Steps of Instructions were used while conducting the workshop. Each group was then given an assignment in the community in order to apply spatial tools and submit their report within the month. The outcome measures were Pre & Post test scores, grades received in the assignment on basis of five point Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) framework given by Wu, and feedback from the students.
Results
The mean post-test values (8.6, SD = 1.62) showed a significant improvement (t=-19.836,df = 99, p < 0.001) as compared to pre-test (3.73, SD = 1.51) values. All groups could complete the assignment satisfactorily. Over 90% students gave positive feedback.
Conclusion
Adoption of open source tools like Epicollect5 and Google MyMaps is feasible, relevant and novel skill for undergraduate medical students and can be incorporated in Family Adoption Programme to attain higher levels of learning.
Crocodile optimization algorithm for solving real-world optimization problems
Authors: Yan Fu , Zhang Jin , Yang Jianqiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel nature-inspired algorithm, called the crocodile optimization algorithm (COA), which mimics the hunting strategies of crocodiles. Two important hunting processes of crocodiles are built, i.e., premeditation and waiting, during which the crocodile individuals gain and share information so that they can trace the prey; attacking and hunting, in this phase, crocodiles attacking and hunting their prey by implementing the “death roll” strategies. The search mechanisms of the proposed COA are differently compared to the existing methods inspired by the hunting behavior of crocodiles. The performance of the proposed COA is validated by utilizing twenty-nine standard test functions, including unimodal functions, multimodal functions, fixed-dimension multimodal functions, and composite functions, with qualitative and quantitative analysis, and its practical effectiveness in solving real-world problems is evaluated using five engineering optimization problems. The simulation results are compared with 2 algorithms also inspired by the hunting behavior of crocodiles and 9 other algorithms. The results and analysis suggest that COA is a competitive technique in handling unimodal, multimodal, and composite problems, and the Friedman ranking test statistical results revealed that COA is an excellent method for solving different kinds of complex problems. Finally, the outcomes of five engineering applications highlight the superiority and potential of COA in solving challenging real-world problems.
Association between a body shape index and stroke: a cross- sectional study
Authors: You Jun , He Yiwen , Xu Min , Fan Zhenjie , Wang Zhiyong , Qian Min 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Globally, stroke remains a top cause of mortality and morbidity, highlighting the critical need for new predictive biomarkers to assess risk. A body shape index (ABSI) is increasingly recognized as a possible predictor of cardiovascular risk, though its connection with stroke incidence remains unclear.
Methods
This research utilizes data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), covering a representative sample of the US population from 2005 to 2018. A weighted multivariable logistic regression method was used to investigate the relationship between ABSI and stroke incidence, including subgroup analyses to investigate potential interactions involving coronary heart disease (CHD).
Results
Following covariate adjustment, the incidence of stroke and ABSI were found to correlate significantly positively (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.81). This association remained consistent when ABSI was categorized into quartiles. Subgroup analysis indicated an interaction effect among patients with CHD (P for interaction = 0.002).
Conclusion
A significant association between ABSI and stroke incidence was demonstrated in our study. however, the relationship between ABSI and stroke may be attenuated or masked in patients with CHD.
The relationship between amino acid intake patterns and both general and central obesity
Authors: Alijani Fahimeh , Ahmadi Ali , Mohammadpour Nakisa , Jazayeri Shima , Abolghasemi Jamileh , Shahinfar Hossein , Khorasanian Atie Sadat , Rimaz Shahnaz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a threat to public health. Dietary protein and certain amino acids (AAs) have been associated with obesity; however, the association of AAs patterns with excess body weight has not been considered, yet. We aimed to examine the relationship between patterns of AA intake and obesity.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3197 individuals aged 35 to 70 years. Sociodemographic, medical, physical activity, and anthropometric data were collected. Energy and AAs intake were obtained by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Factor analysis was utilized to determine the AA patterns. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of obesity was calculated among individuals categorized into tertiles of the AAs patterns.
Results: In this study, three AA patterns were identified. The aromatic pattern consists of phenylalanine, tryptophan, proline, glutamic acid, cysteine, serine, and leucine. Five essential AAs plus tyrosine, aspartic acid, arginine, and glycine were the components of the mixed pattern, and finally, the alanine pattern with high loadings for alanine and histidine was the third one. After adjusting for confounders, individuals in the highest tertile (T3) of the aromatic pattern had lower odds of developing central obesity compared to those in the lowest tertile (T1) (OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.58-0.89; p=0.003), whereas this association was not observed in the alanine pattern. On the contrary, general obesity showed a positive association in T3 of the alanine pattern in comparison with T1 (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.02-2.67; p=0.039). Mixed pattern was not associated with any of the obesity types.
Conclusions: The aromatic pattern intake may have an inverse association with central obesity, and following the alanine pattern my contribute to higher odds of developing general obesity. However, the elaborate relationship between AAs and adiposity warrants further investigation.
The causal associations between screen exposure time and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a two-sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Fang Qiong , Cai Yuehao , Kang Jing , Zhang Yiyan , Ye Fubiao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background Observational studies have showed that there was controversy over whether screen exposure could induce attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore the potential genetic association between screen exposure time and ADHD.
Methods This study selected genetic variations in screen exposure time as instrumental variables (IVs) that included relevant genotype data of European populations from 437,887 cases time spent watching television (TSWT), 456,972 cases length of mobile phone use (LMPU), and 360,895 cases time spent using computer (TSUC), respectively. Simultaneously 20,183 cases European ADHD populations were selected as genome-wide association study data. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary approach for analysis.
Results Research has shown that TSWT and LMPU have a positive and causal effect in increasing the risk of ADHD. According to the IVW analysis, the risk of ADHD with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.454631 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.460256 - 4.850909], P = 8.17611E-13 in TSWT. The risk with OR of 2.0063796 (95%CI: 1.30737263 - 3.079121), P = 0.001440136 in LMPU. However, no causal effect of TSUC on ADHD was found in the analysis.
Conclusion The MR analysis provided evidence of the causal role of TSWT and LMPU in increasing the risk of ADHD. This suggests screen exposure might be a potential environmental risk factor for the development of ADHD.
Age-group-specific associations between adenoid/tonsillar hypertrophy and craniofacial features
Authors: Huang Liping , Zheng Liyuan , Chen Xiaobo , Bai Yuming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Age plays an important role in the association between adenotonsillar hypertrophy and craniofacial morphology. This study aimed to analyse the association of adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy with craniofacial features in different age groups.
Methods
Lateral cephalograms were obtained from 942 patients aged 6–15 years (433 boys, 509 girls). They were divided into three age groups: 6–9 years (n = 189), 9–12 years (n = 383), and 12–15 years (n = 370). According to the different sites of pharyngeal obstruction, they were classified as control group (CG), adenoid hypertrophy group (AG), tonsillar hypertrophy group (TG) and adenotonsillar hypertrophy group (ATG). Cephalometric measurements were performed on each enrolled participant. Comparisons between groups and correlations between these cephalometric variables and obstruction sites were evaluated.
Results
At 6–9 years of age, ATG and TG correlated with increased mandibular height (B = 2.2, p = 0.029; B = 2.6, p = 0.042, respectively). At the age of 9–12 years, AG showed a steep growth direction (B = 1.5, p = 0.002), TG showed a higher probability of Class III skeletal pattern (smaller SNB, ANB and SGn/FH, larger Go-Me) and ATG manifested a higher proportion of Class III skeletal pattern. At 12–15 years of age, there was no significant association between cephalometric measurements and pharyngeal lymphoid tissue enlargement.
Conclusions
Children with isolated adenoid hypertrophy have a vertical growth direction at 9–12 years of age. Isolated adenoid hypertrophy correlated with longer mandibular body, more anterior mandible and horizontal skeletal Class III pattern at 6–12 years. Combination of obstructive adenoids and tonsils manifested similarly to children with isolated tonsil hypertrophy.
Full range of vision and visual quality after mini-monovision FS-LASIK in high myopic patients with age-related accommodative deficiency
Authors: Zhang Ruiyu , Yuan Yifei , Zhang Yu , Chen Yueguo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
To evaluate clinical outcomes and visual quality 3 months after mini-monovision femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for correction of high myopia in patients with age-related accommodation deficiency.
Methods
Patients who had mini-monovision FS-LASIK for high myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] < -6.0 D) and aged between 40 and 50 years were included. At the 3-month postoperative visit, we evaluated full range of visual acuity; defocus curve; optical quality; accommodation function, contrast sensitivity and stereopsis. Binocular tests were done twice, once in mini-monovision condition and once with the residual myopia in the non-dominant eye corrected. Subjective visual quality was evaluated with questionnaire.
Results
Clinical data of 31 cases were analyzed. The average patient age was 42.58 ± 3.06 years. At the 3-month follow-up, the mean uncorrected binocular visual acuity at distance, intermediate, and near was − 0.11 ± 0.07, -0.06 ± 0.10, and 0.04 ± 0.11 logMAR separately. In comparison, full distance correction group achieved better UDVA (P = 0.02), and the monovision group achieved superior UNVA (P = 0.04). FS-LASIK induced significant increases in higher-order aberrations (HOAs) (P < 0.001). For accommodative function, only the negative relative accommodation (NRA) improved significantly after surgery (P < 0.001). A slight decrease in contrast sensitivity was observed at low spatial frequency with monovision (P < 0.05). Questionnaire demonstrated high satisfaction with near vision and visual quality.
Conclusion
FS-LASIK with mini-monovision appeared to be safe and effective in treating high myopia combined with age-related accommodation deficiency to get satisfying visual quality at distant and at near.