bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and Crystal Structures of [{Li(THF)[HNC(NMe2)2]}2{Fe3(CO)11}] and [Li(THF){HNC(NMe2)2}{Fe(CO)4(C(O)NMe2)}]2
Authors: Petz Wolfgang , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe reaction of tetramethylguanidine, HN=C(NMe2)2 (1), with lithium powder in THF generated a colorless precipitate without visible evolution of dihydrogen. Treatment of this product with [Fe(CO)5] produced a brown oil, which is very soluble in toluene. The orange red compound [{Li(THF)[HNC(NMe2)2]}2{Fe3(CO)11}] (2), which forms an infinite chain, and the colorless dimeric complex [Li(THF){HNC(NMe2)2}{Fe(CO)4(C(O)NMe2)}]2 (3) could be isolated from this solution. The oxygen atom of the carbamoyl part in 3 is connected to two Li+ ions with formation of a Li2O2 ring. Crystals of 2 and 3 were obtained by fractional crystallization from toluene/n‐pentane and characterized by IR spectroscopy and X‐ray analyses.
Robot Assisted Neurological Rehabilitation at Home: Motivational Aspects and Concepts for Tele-Rehabilitation
Authors: Johnson Michelle J. , Schmidt Henning 
Published: October 2009

Summary
Numerous clinical studies have proved the efficacy of therapy robots in Neurological Motor Rehabilitation and their potential benefits for clinical outcome results. A major challenge of current technological and clinical research is the transfer of this new technology from the rehab hospital to the patient's home, thus enabling him to continue high level rehab training for further improvement of motor control of the affected limbs. This article focuses on motivational aspects and tele-rehabilitation concepts, which play an important role in the development of robotic training systems for home rehabilitation.
Auswirkungen des Medizinproduktegesetzes (MPG 2010) auf die Gesundheitsversorgung
Authors: Becker Kurt , Dujat Carl 
Published: October 2009

Einleitung
Medizinprodukte (MP) werden von den Leistungserbringern in der Gesundheitsversorgung in einem breiten Anwendungsspektrum in Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie eingesetzt. MP sind auch ein bedeutender innovativer Wirtschaftsfaktor und spielen eine bedeutende Rolle auf dem weltweiten Markt für Gesundheitstechnologie. Die 4. Neufassung des Medizinproduktegesetzes (MPG 2010) sorgt für eine bessere Patientensicherheit, stellt aber auch die Hersteller und Betreiber von MP vor neue Herausforderungen.
Hüft- und Kniegelenkersatz: bekannte Technologie mit stark wachsender Bedeutung
Authors: Bitzer Eva Maria , Dörning Hans 
Published: October 2009

Einleitung
Die Versorgung mit künstlichen Hüft- und Kniegelenken ist eine Technologie, die v.a. bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Osteoarthrose des Hüft- bzw. Kniegelenks angewendet wird. Da die Osteoarthrose eine typische degenerative Erkrankung des Bewegungsapparates ist, nimmt die absolute Häufigkeit des Krankheitsbilds mit zunehmender Alterung der Bevölkerung zu und damit auch der Bedarf an endoprothetischer Versorgung. Von 2000 bis 2008 hat sich die Zahl der Krankenhausbehandlungsfälle mit der Diagnose Osteoarthrose mehr als verdoppelt.
Medizintechnik: Ohne zukunftsfähige Qualifikationen nicht wettbewerbsfähig
Authors: Fox Katja , Hilbert Josef , Schalk Christa 
Published: October 2009

Einleitung
Sowohl der hohe Standard der industriellen medizintechnischen Entwicklung als auch die medizinische Anwendung sorgen für eine Leistungssicherheit im deutschen Gesundheitswesen. Qualifizierung und Kompetenzentwicklung der Mitarbeiter schaffen hierfür die Grundlagen. Neben dem fachlichen Know-how sind es zunehmend die sozialen und personalen Kompetenzen, die gefragt sind. Die Entwicklung von Strategien lebenslangen Lernens hält dabei Einzug in die Unternehmen und Krankenhäuser.
Softwaresysteme zur Entscheidungsunterstützung bei Medikamentenverordnungen
Authors: Traurig Peter 
Published: October 2009

Einleitung
In den USA, wie auch in England, Norwegen und Dänemark sterben pro Jahr mehr Menschen durch unerwünschte Arzneimittelereignisse (UAE) als durch Verkehrsunfälle. UAE sind dabei definiert als jeglicher Schaden für Patienten während einer medikamentösen Behandlung. In einem kürzlich publizierten HTA-Bericht wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob spezielle Softwaresysteme in der Lage sind, Fehler zu vermeiden, die zu UAE führen könnten.
A cost benefit study of milk-borne salmonellosis
Authors: Cohen D. R. , Porter I. A. , Reid T. M. S. , Sharp J. C. M. , Forbes G. I. , Paterson G. M. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYAn estimate of the benefits which would result from a ban on the sale of non-pasteurized milk in Scotland has been assessed by costing a recent outbreak of milk-borne salmonellosis in the Grampian Region.The cost of such a ban would not exceed the benefits under any but the most severe assumptions about the values attached to intangible benefits
Further research into the possibility of salmonella-free fattening and slaughter of pigs
Authors: Oosterom J. , Notermans S. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYAt a pig-fattening farm in the south-western Veluwe which was infected with salmonellas it was sought to achieve salmonella-free fattening in a specially adapted piggery. The test piggery was thoroughly cleaned and disinfected and measures were taken to exclude birds, insects and rodents. An attempt was also made to obtain salmonella-free piglets. Clean clothing, special footwear and disinfectants were used when entering the piggery.During the experiment an infection was detected in the test piggery caused by the same salmonella serotypes as had only been found immediately before the test at the breeding farm. Other salmonella serotypes occurring at the fattening farm did not find their way into the test piggery, and therefore it can be concluded that after the pigs had been brought in all the hygienic barriers functioned adequately. The test showed that the hygienic measures taken had a beneficial effect on growth performance, even though salmonellas were not entirely excluded.After fattening the pigs were slaughtered in two groups. The first group was slaughtered in the usual way, but with the second group extra care was taken with the individual singeing of the carcasses and the careful removal of the intestines. Tests on the carcasses showed that 46% of the pigs in the first group were contaminated with salmonellas as against only 7% in the second. From this it can be concluded that slaughter need not lead to further contamination by salmonellas present in the intestines; indeed, carefully carrying out the slaughter process can even reduce the contamination of the surface of pig carcasses by salmonellas.
Type 49Streptococcus pyogenes: Phage subtypes as epidemiological markers in isolates from skin sepsis and acute glomerulonephritis
Authors: Skjold Stephen A. , Wannamaker Lewis W. , Johnson Dwight R. , Margolis Harold S. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYStudies of group A, M type 49 streptococci from England, Trinidad and Alaska indicate that isolates of this serotype often differ with respect to phage subtype from one geographical areato another, but are generally homogeneous in one place at one time. The findings support the conclusion that acute glomerulonephritis can be associated with a variety of phage subtypes of M type 49 streptococci.In outbreaks of skin sepsis without nephritis in England, the phage subtypes of M type 49 streptococci isolated from skin lesions of meat handlers were the same as those recovered from skin lesions of non-meat handlers in the same community.The findings on the Trinidad isolates suggest that M type 49 streptococci of one phage subtype may persist in a population for 9 years and may result in a second outbreak of acute glomerulonephritis.In an Alaska Eskimo population in whom acute glomerulonephritis was occurring, most of the M type 49 isolates available for testing were of a single phage subtype. Equally prevalent in this population were group A streptococci that exhibited the same T antigen as the type 49 isolates but differed in their serum opacity reaction and phage subtype. This apparently related strain was not typable with available M antisera but showed functional evidence of M protein and is probably a new M type.
Diagnostic assays with monoclonal antibodies for the human serum parvovirus-like virus (SPLV)
Authors: Cohen B. J. , Mortimer P. P. , Pereira M. S. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYMonoclonal antibodies to the serum parovirus-like virus (SPLV) were prepared by the hybridoma technique. They provided an antibody reagent which was used to develop solid phase antibody-capture assays for anti-SPLV IgM and IgG and for SPLV antigen. These assays were more sensitive than those based on human convalescent antibody as a reagent, and were more economical in the use of SPLV antigen. Their use enabled the serological responses to SPLV to be studied more fully and their sensitivity revealed the extent of SPLV infection.SPLV antigen was detected in four patients by both counter-immuno electrophoresis (CIE) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) and in two others by RIA alone. Parvovirus particles were seen in all six by electron microscopy. The anti-SPLV IgM response was measured in patients infected by SPLV. It was strong 5–18 days after the onset of illness, then declined and was only detectable in trace amounts after 6 months. Anti-SPLV IgG was also formed early, and persisted for at least 6 months. In a survey of 310 blood donors anti-SPLV was detected in 134 (43%) by CIE, but in 190 (61 %) by IgG antibody capture RIA.
The importance of antineuraminidase antibodies in resistance to influenza A and immunologic memory for their synthesis
Authors: Naikhin A. N. , Tsaritsina I. M. , Oleinikova E. V. , Syrodoeva L. G. , Korchanova N. L. , Denisov G. M. , Shvartsman Ya.S. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYEight hundred and seventy-seven sera from 360 adults aged 18–50 who were under permanent observation from October 1980 to March 1981 have been studied by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and erythrocyte elution-inhibition (EI) tests – a simplified method of antineuraminidase antibody titration. It was demonstrated in some subjects infected with influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses that the antibody rise was to one of the surface antigens only – haemagglutinin or neuraminidase. These subjects made up 5·2–25·8% of all examinees. The protective effect of antibodies to neuraminidase was similar to that of antihaemagglutinins. Interaction of both types of antibodies was observed in protection against the disease. Data have been obtained on the influence of antineuraminidase antibodies in decreasing the severity of natural infection with influenza A.A study of heterologous immunologic responses to haemagglutinin and neuraminidase among persons immunized with live influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 vaccines and among children naturally infected with influenza A H3N2 demonstrated the presence of immunologic memory for antineuraminidase antibody synthesis. Thus, the suggestion of a common antigenic structure for neuraminidase Nl and N2 is made.
Infectious gastroenteritis in Norfolk Island and recovery of viruses from drinking water
Authors: Murphy A. M. , Grohmann G. S. , Sexton M. F. H. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYA high incidence of gastroenteritis in both islanders and tourists has been recorded in recent years on Norfolk Island – a popular tourist resort for Australians and New Zealanders. No bacterial cause has been found. However, electron microscopic examination of 28 faecal specimens revealed viruses associated with gastroenteritis in 21 (75%). No viruses were isolated in cell cultures. Bore water is used for drinking purposes on the island and 32 samples from 15 bores were examined for viruses by electron microscopy and culture as well as for bacterial contamination. Seven polioviruses (all type 1 vaccine strain) and adenoviruses 1 and 5 were isolated in cell cultures. In addition one rotavirus, one adenovirus and two small round viruses were detected by electron microscopy. Six of 21 samples tested showed unacceptably high levels of bacteria for drinking water. The deep ground water has apparently become contaminated with sewage effluent and is almost certainly the main cause of the high level of gastroenteritis on the island.
The use of a radial haemolysis test for neuraminidase antibodies in the diagnosis of influenza A infection
Authors: Grilli E. A. , Smith A. J. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYA radial haemolysis test designed to detect antibody specifically directed against the neuraminidase is described and compared with currently available techniques for the routine diagnosis of infection with influenza viruses.Paired sera were available from two outbreaks of influenza A, one with the N1N1 subtype and the other with the H3N2 subtype. This technique confirmed diagnosis in 92% of cases diagnosed by other laboratory methods.
Comparison of haemagglutination-inhibition and single radial haemolysis techniques for detecting antibodies to influenza A and B viruses
Authors: Mancini G. , Donatelli I. , Arangio-Ruiz G. , Rozera C. , Macchia T. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYThe sensitivities of haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and single radial haemolysis (SRH) techiques in detecting antibodies against influenza A/Bangkok/1/79, A/Brazil/11/78, B/Singapore/222/79, B/Hong Kong/5/72 strains, in human sera were compared. For antibodies to influenza B viruses the HI tests employing ether-treated antigens were also evaluated. The SRH technique appears to be more sensitive for detecting protective titres of antibodies against influenza B strains and influenza A/Brazil/11/78.
An outbreak of hepatitis A caused by consumption of raw oysters
Authors: Ohara H. , Naruto H. , Watanabe W. , Ebisawa I. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYAn outbreak of hepatitis A occurred among the members of the Japan Overseas Corporation Volunteers (JOCV) stationed in the Philippines. Seven out of 10 youths who ate, but none of five youths who did not eat raw oysters developed hepatitis. All these seven cases were positive for hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV) and six of them were also positive for anti-HAV IgM (immunoglobulin M) 111 days after the infection.
Interaction ofL. pneumophilaand a free living amoeba (Acanthamoeba palestinensis)
Authors: Anand C. M. , Skinner A. R. , Malic A. , Kurtz J. B. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYCo-cultivation ofLegionella pneumophilaserogroup I andAcanthamoeba palestinensis inNeff's medium at 35 °C resulted in the intracellular multiplication of the bacteria as demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. In the closed experimental system used, the number of legionellae rose from 107colony forming units (c. f. u.)/ml initially to a maximum of 1010c. f. u. /ml on day 5. Legionellae were seen in expelled phagosomes, in some amoebae filling the cytoplasm and in others in which the process of encystment appeared to have commenced.
Isolation ofLegionella pneumophilafrom water supplies: comparison of methods based on the guinea-pig and culture media
Authors: Fitzgeorge R. B. , Dennis P. J. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYThe detection ofLegionella pneumophilain water via guinea-pig intraperitoneal injection has been compared with direct isolation of these organisms on semiselective BCYEα media. Both techniques were of similar sensitivity, detecting as few as 102L. pneumophilain 10 ml of water. However, at this concentration, detection using guinea-pig intraperitoneal injection was via the indirect parameters of antibody production and immunofluorescent microscopy. Isolation ofL. pneumophilafrom guinea-pig tissue for further investigation required > 107organisms injected and in this respect is relatively much less sensitive than direct isolation on semiselective BCYEα media. SinceL. micdadeiandL. longbeachaeare inhibited by one of the selective supplements used, other supplements and techniques need to be developed in order to avoid possible inhibition of otherLegionellaspecies.
Evaluation and use of the drug inhibition method of measuring intracellular killing in differentiating between staphylococci grownin vivoandin vitro
Authors: Kolawole D. O. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYAStaphylococcus aureusstrain grown oncein vivoin rabbit pleural cavities was appreciably more resistant to killing by soluble polymorph bactericidins than its broth-grown counterpart. Parallel results were obtained using an adaptation of Solberg's drug-inhibition method of measuring intracellular killing after critical aspects of it had been evaluated and modified. Individualin vivogrown organisms were surrounded by a layer of less dense material which was not capsular in nature but which made the organisms clump together. This surface coating was lost on subculturein vitro, resulting in a reversion to broth-like susceptibility, thus indicating that the surface coating was largely responsible for the enhanced resistance and that it resulted from interactions between staphylococci and components of the rabbits' natural body fluids. Consequently, growth in plasma produced organisms which mimickedin vivogrown organisms in clumping, surface coating and in resistance to killing. The use of plasma-grown staphylococci in further studies of likely resistance mechanismsin vivois discussed.
Salmonella saint-paul infection in two dairy herds
Authors: Jones P. W. , Collins P. , Brown G. T. H. , Aitken M. M. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYAn outbreak of salmonellosis due to Salmonella saint-paul in two dairy herds was first detected during routine examination of calves soon after calving; infection reached 100% amongst calves and up to 60% amongst milking cows. Excretion by cows continued for over 12 months and by calves for up to 18 months.The most important factor in controlling the spread of infection was reduction of environmental contamination by removal of carriers, prompt antibiotic treatment of sick calves and reduction in stocking densities.
Salmonella saint-paul infection in calves
Authors: Aitken M. M. , Brown G. T. H. , Jones P. W. , Collins P. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYA natural outbreak of Salmonella saint-paulinfection in two Institute herds was monitored clinically, bactcriologically and immunologically. This paper describes the findings in calves. Morbidity and mortality became apparent 30 days after S. saint-paul was first isolated on routine sampling of neonatal calf faeces. All heifer calves were treated with a tetracycline or ampicillin preparation when they showed clinical signs of disease, while the effects of intradermal vaccination with heat-killed S. saint-paul were assessed in a proportion of the bull calves.Antibiotic treatment reduced mortality and the number of persistent excretors; vaccination did not affect mortality but, if given during the first week of life, reduced the duration of faecal excretion. Calves which were untreated and unvaccinated, or vaccinated when older than 16 days, excreted S. saint-paul for periods of up to 18 months. Of six ‘recovered’ calves, which had been negative on faecal culture for 5–8 weeks, four yielded S. saint-paul at necropsy. Agglutinating antibody titres were highest in those unvaccinated calves which were persistent excretors.
Colicine production as an epidemiological marker for Shigella sonnei
Authors: Vlajinac H. , Krajinovic S. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYThe reliability of colicine typing of Shigella sonnei: as an epidemiological marker has been investigated. Strains from 13 of 110 excretors showed variation in type as determined by typing serial isolates and in 14 of 106 epidemics there was a lack of uniformity in typing results.The simultaneous presence of two types was found in 11·4 % of patients. In vitro variation was seen after 10 days in 6·8 % of isolates from 44 stools; variation had risen to 9% when isolates were re-examined after one month.These results suggest that restrictions should be placed on the use of colicine typing as an epidemiologic tool.
The sterilizing capacity of propylene oxide and chlorhexidine diacetate solutions upon pre-injection swabs saturated with propan-2-ol
Authors: Wright R. C. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYThe sporicidal activity of two solutions which have been used in the production of ‘sterile’ pre-injection swabs has been investigated. Propylene oxide (3·4 % w/w) and chlorhexidine diacetate (0·6% w/w), both made up in approximately 65% w/w propan-2-ol, were artificially contaminated with spores ofBacillus subtilisvar.nigerand swabs were impregnated with these; surviving spores were enumerated at various temperatures and times of storage. Chlorhexidine diacetate had no sporicidal activity, whereas the activity of propylene oxide was dependent on temperature. The former should not be considered a sterilant and the latter can only be considered such if a controlled incubation period at an elevated temperature is employed.
A serological evaluation of 1979–1982 Kenyan foot-and-mouth disease type SAT 2 viruses
Authors: Ndiritu C. G. , Ouldridge E. J. , Head M. , Rweyemamu M. M. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYSerological evaluations of foot-and-mouth disease type SAT 2 viruses isolated in Kenya between 1979 and 1982 were performed using the two-dimensional microneutralization test. Nine field isolates of epizootiological significance were compared with four vaccine viruses. The results obtained identified Tan 5/68 as the most appropriate reference vaccine virus strain since it had the broadest serological spectrum. Potent Tan 5/68 vaccines would be expected to provide adequate protection against the contemporary SAT 2 field viruses. In the case of K 83/74, which also was shown to have a broad spectrum with viruses isolated in Kenya, the results show that the 1982 isolate from central Kenya was significantly divergent (r < 1·00 at P = 0·01) and warranted tactical revaccination for its control. The study highlighted the fact that strain R1215 which had been isolated from the oesophageal-pharyngeal swabs of asymptomatic carrier cattle had a narrow serological spectrum suggesting that such viruses could be unsuitable as vaccine for the national campaign.
An outbreak of food-borne gastroenteritis in two hospitals associated with a Norwalk-like virus
Authors: Pether J. V. S. , Caul E. O. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYTwo connected outbreaks of gastroenteritis in separate hospitals associated with a small round structured virus morphologically indistinguishable from the Norwalk virus are described. The virus was most probably introduced on chicken sandwiches prepared by a member of the kitchen staff who was incubating the disease.
Laboratory tests of seven rodenticides for the control of Meriones shawi
Authors: Gill J. E. , Redfern R. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYThe response of Meriones shawi to seven rodenticides was investigated in laboratory feeding tests. The species proved to be much less susceptible to anticoagulants than most other species of rodent pests. Brodifacoum (at 0·005%), although giving complete mortality after only 8 days' continuous feeding, was more toxic than warfarin (0·025%), coumatetralyl (0·0375%), difenacoum (0·005%) and bromadiolone (0·005%). Calciferol (0·1%), though toxic, was significantly unpalatable. Zinc phosphide (5·0%) presented for 2 days in a choice test against unpoisoned food gave 80% mortality and appears to be the most suitable of these compounds for the control of M. shawi in the field.
A cephalosporin activein vivoagainstNocardia: efficacy of cefotaxime in murine model of acute pulmonary nocardiosis
Authors: Sugar Alan M. , Chahal Resham S. , Stevens David A. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYCefotaxime, a cephalosporin drug, has been shown to be activein vitroagainst nocardiae, a finding confirmed in this study. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in mice to define regimens which provided peak serum levels comparable to that achieved in man with currently used doses. These regimens were shown to be effective with only short courses of therapy of rapidly progressive and highly lethalN. asteroidesinfection, produced by pulmonary challenge of mice. This suggests the possible utility of this drug in human nocardiosis.