bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal foraging patterns of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), for protein and implications for management
Authors: Balagawi Solomon , Jackson Kevin , Hamacek Edward L , Clarke Anthony R 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFruit flies require protein for reproductive development and actively feed upon protein sources in the field. Liquid protein baits mixed with insecticide are used routinely to manage pest fruit flies, such as Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt). However, there are still some gaps in the underpinning science required to improve the efficacy of bait spray technology. The spatial and temporal foraging behaviour of B. tryoni in response to protein was investigated in the field. A series of linked trials using either wild flies in the open field or laboratory‐reared flies in field cages and a netted orchard were undertaken using nectarines and guavas. Key questions investigated were the fly's response to protein relative to: height of protein within the canopy, fruiting status of the tree, time of day, season and size of the experimental arena. Canopy height had a significant response on B. tryoni foraging, with more flies foraging on protein in the mid to upper canopy. Fruiting status also had a significant effect on foraging, with most flies responding to protein when applied to fruiting hosts. B. tryoni demonstrated a repeatable diurnal response pattern to protein, with the peak response being between 12:00–16:00 h. Season showed significant but unpredictable effects on fruit fly response to protein in the subtropical environment where the work was undertaken. Relative humidity, but not temperature or rainfall, was positively correlated with protein response. The number of B. tryoni responding to protein decreased dramatically as the spatial scale increased from field cage through to the open field. Based on these results, it is recommend that, to be most effective, protein bait sprays should be applied to the mid to upper canopies of fruiting hosts. Overall, the results show that the protein used, an industry standard, has very low attractancy to B. tryoni and that further work is urgently needed to develop more volatile protein baits.
Mental health nurses' perceptions of good work in an acute setting
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Horsfall Jan , O'Hara‐Aarons Maureen , Jackson Debra , Hunt Glenn E. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTFrequently, research and conference papers explore difficult or problematic areas of practice that can inadvertently render daily nursing accomplishments invisible and create the perception of a discipline in crisis. In this qualitative study, we explore the views of registered nurses about achievements in the workplace and good nursing work in an acute inpatient mental health setting in Sydney, Australia. Mental health nurses were asked a series of questions about their experiences and understanding of what constitutes good nursing work as well as their sense of optimism about their work. A total of 40 structured face‐to‐face interviews were completed. Among the responses to questions about achievements and good nursing practice, five broad themes were identified: i) teamwork; (ii) interpersonal interactions with patients; (iii) providing practical and holistic support to patients; (iv) patients' mental health improvements; and (v) optimism–pessimism continuum. Findings contribute to a discussion of good nursing work in acute mental health settings, as well as self‐perceptions of optimism and hopefulness, which are important contributors to positive, supportive health‐care settings and patient recovery.
Citation analysis of mental health nursing journals: How should we rank thee?
Authors: Hunt Glenn E. , Happell Brenda , Chan Sally W.‐C. , Cleary Michelle 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe journal impact factor (JIF), and how best to rate the performance of a journal and the articles they contain, are areas of great debate. The aim of this paper was to assess various ranking methods of journal quality for mental health nursing journals, and to list the top 10 articles that have received the most number of citations to date. Seven mental health nursing journals were chosen for the analysis of citations they received in 2010, as well as their current impact factors from two sources, and other data for ranking purposes. There was very little difference in the top four mental health nursing journals and their overall rankings when combining various bibliometric indicators. That said, the International Journal of Mental Health Nursing is currently the highest ranked mental health nursing journal based on JIF, but publishes fewer articles per year compared to other journals. Overall, very few articles received 50 or more citations. This study shows that researchers need to consider more than one ranking method when deciding where to send or publish their research.
A three‐dimensional stress field solution for pointed and sharply radiused V‐notches in plates of finite thickness
Authors: LAZZARIN P. , ZAPPALORTO M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTBy making use of the generalized plane strain hypothesis, an approximate stress field theory has been developed according to which the three‐dimensional governing equations lead to a system where a bi‐harmonic equation and a harmonic equation should be simultaneously satisfied. The former provides the solution of the corresponding plane notch problem, and the latter provides the solution of the corresponding out‐of‐plane shear notch problem. The system can be applied not only to pointed three‐dimensional V‐notches but also to sharply radiused V‐notches characterized by a notch tip radius small enough. Limits and degree of accuracy of the analytical frame are discussed comparing theoretical results and numerical data from FE models.
Low testosterone levels are related to poor prognosis factors in men with prostate cancer prior to treatment
Authors: García‐Cruz Eduardo , Piqueras Marta , Huguet Jorge , Peri Lluis , Izquierdo Laura , Musquera Mireia , Franco Agustin , Alvarez‐Vijande Ricardo , Ribal Maria Jose , Alcaraz Antonio 
Published: May 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Prostate growth is ruled by testosterone. Nevertheless, the paradigm that high testosterone levels induce prostate cancer development or lead to a poor prognosis in prostate cancer is not supported by evidence. A growing number of studies suggest that, on the contrary, low testosterone levels are related to poor prognosis features in prostate cancer such as higher prostate‐specific antigen or higher Gleason score.Our experience shows that testosterone levels are related to risk of progression of prostate cancer – those men with lower testosterone levels are at higher risk of progression of their prostate cancer after treatment delivery.OBJECTIVES
Low testosterone levels have been related to a higher diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Hormonal levels have been related to poor prognosis factors in men with PCa, mainly after radical prostatectomy.
Our aim was to determine the relationship between hormonal levels and PCa prognosis factors in men with PCa prior to the onset of treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We prospectively analysed 137 males diagnosed in our centre with PCa with 5+5 core prostate biopsies from February 2007 to December 2009.
As part of our clinical protocol, we performed hormonal determination (testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin) following International Society of Andrology, International Society for the Study of the Aging Male and European Association of Urology recommendations.
Free testosterone and bioavailable testosterone were calculated using Vermeulen's formula.
Age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), free to total PSA, PSA density, number of previous biopsies, digital rectal examination staging, Gleason score, percentage of tumour in the biopsy sample, bilaterality of the tumour and risk of progression group were prospectively recorded.
RESULTS
Higher testosterone levels were related to lower digital rectal examination staging (P= 0.02) and lower PSA level (P= 0.05). Higher testosterone was not related to lower Gleason score (P= 0.08).
Testosterone was inversely related to PCa bilaterality (P < 0.01) and percentage of tumour in the biopsy (P < 0.01).
High testosterone levels were found in patients allocated to the low risk of progression group and inversely (P= 0.03).
In multivariate analysis, higher age and lower testosterone were related to higher D'Amico risk of progression.
CONCLUSION
Patients with PCa and lower testosterone levels have poor prognosis factors and higher tumour burden before treatment onset. These findings reinforce the idea that low testosterone levels pretreatment are related to a poor prognosis in PCa.
HNF1B deletions in patients with young‐onset diabetes but no known renal disease
Authors: Edghill E. L. , Stals K. , Oram R. A. , Shepherd M. H. , Hattersley A. T. , Ellard S. 
Published: May 2012

Diabet. Med. 30, 114–117 (2013)AbstractAims  Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1B) mutations cause a syndrome of renal cysts and diabetes, with whole gene deletions accounting for approximately 50% of cases. The severity of the renal phenotype is variable, from enlarged cystic kidneys incompatible with life to normal renal development and function. We investigated the prevalence of HNF1B deletions in patients with diabetes but no known renal disease.Methods  We tested 461 patients with familial diabetes diagnosed before 45 years, including 258 probands who met clinical criteria for maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (two generations affected and at least one family member diagnosed under 25 years). A fluorescent polymerase chain reaction assay was used to analyse two intragenic polymorphic HNF1B markers and identify heterozygous patients who therefore did not have whole gene deletions. Those patients homozygous for both markers were then tested for an HNF1B deletion using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification.Results  Heterozygous HNF1B intragenic polymorphisms were identified in 337/461 subjects. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification analysis showed an HNF1B gene deletion in three of the remaining 124 probands, all of whom met the criteria for maturity‐onset diabetes of the young. Testing of their relatives identified three additional deletion carriers and ultrasound scanning showed renal developmental abnormalities in three of these six patients.Conclusions  We estimate that HNF1B mutations account for < 1% of cases of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young. Although HNF1B mutations are a rare cause of diabetes in the absence of known renal disease, a genetic diagnosis of renal cysts and diabetes syndrome is important as it raises the possibility of subclinical renal disease and the 50% risk of renal cysts and diabetes syndrome in the patient’s offspring.
Sleep duration and sleep quality are associated differently with alterations of glucose homeostasis
Authors: Byberg S. , Hansen A.‐L. S. , Christensen D. L. , Vistisen D. , Aadahl M. , Linneberg A. , Witte D. R. 
Published: May 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, e354–e360 (2012)AbstractAims  Studies suggest that inadequate sleep duration and poor sleep quality increase the risk of impaired glucose regulation and diabetes. However, associations with specific markers of glucose homeostasis are less well explained. The objective of this study was to explore possible associations of sleep duration and sleep quality with markers of glucose homeostasis and glucose tolerance status in a healthy population‐based study sample.Methods  The study comprised 771 participants from the Danish, population‐based cross‐sectional ‘Health2008’ study. Sleep duration and sleep quality were measured by self‐report. Markers of glucose homeostasis were derived from a 3‐point oral glucose tolerance test and included fasting plasma glucose, 2‐h plasma glucose, HbA1c, two measures of insulin sensitivity (the insulin sensitivity index0,120 and homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity), the homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function and glucose tolerance status. Associations of sleep duration and sleep quality with markers of glucose homeostasis and tolerance were analysed by multiple linear and logistic regression.Results  A 1‐h increment in sleep duration was associated with a 0.3 mmol/mol (0.3%) decrement in HbA1c and a 25% reduction in the risk of having impaired glucose regulation. Further, a 1‐point increment in sleep quality was associated with a 2% increase in both the insulin sensitivity index0,120 and homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity, as well as a 1% decrease in homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function.Conclusions  In the present study, shorter sleep duration was mainly associated with later alterations in glucose homeostasis, whereas poorer sleep quality was mainly associated with earlier alterations in glucose homeostasis. Thus, adopting healthy sleep habits may benefit glucose metabolism in healthy populations.
The Norm Theory of Capital Structure: International Evidence*
Authors: Lam Swee‐Sum , Zhang Weina , Lee Reginald Reagan Chua 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAkerlof proposes that the norms of decision makers can bridge the gap between New Classical economic theories and conflicting empirical evidence. We apply his framework to cross‐country capital structure decision making and propose a norm theory of capital structure. Consistent with its predictions, we find that two principal components that represent the manager–subordinate relationship and the manager–environment relationship in a national culture are significantly and negatively related to the median leverage ratio at the country level. This study is among the first to provide a direct link between national culture and capital structure as made operational through managerial norms.
Successful voluntary conservation of raptor nests under intensive forestry pressure in a boreal landscape
Authors: Santangeli A. , Lehtoranta H. , Laaksonen T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCost‐effective conservation strategies are needed because resources for nature conservation are often limited. When areas of high biodiversity value rest on private land, voluntary participation of landowners to conservation should be sought. Voluntary programs are still rarely implemented and evaluated in their effectiveness in achieving conservation targets. From 2000 onwards, a conservation program was conducted to preserve raptor nests from forest clear‐cutting in private lands of North Karelia (Finland). Landowners were proposed to voluntarily set aside a forest buffer around nests of Accipiter gentilis, Buteo buteo and Pernis apivorus on their land. Participation was based on self‐motivation, with no incentive involved. Participation to the program was extremely high (97% of 327 approached landowners during 2002–2006 joined). This positive attitude reduced nest losses as a result of forestry from 54% in the 1990s (n = 327 known nests) to only 2% since the start of the program (n = 519 nests). The voluntary action proved effective as a before‐after‐control‐impact analysis showed that low‐buffered nests (which had clear‐cutting within 100 m; n = 48) had similar occupancy as high‐buffered nests (no clear‐cutting within 100 m; n = 144). Occupancy, however, decreased with shorter distance to the clear‐cut within the 100 m radius, and thus as wide a buffer as possible is recommended to retain occupancy of a nest site. We conclude that voluntary‐based approaches can be useful for cost‐effective conservation and they should be considered more often in conservation practice.
A description of the lumbar interfascial triangle and its relation with the lateral raphe: anatomical constituents of load transfer through the lateral margin of the thoracolumbar fascia
Authors: Schuenke M. D. , Vleeming A. , Van Hoof T. , Willard F. H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMovement and stability of the lumbosacral region is contingent on the balance of forces distributed through the myofascial planes associated with the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF). This structure is located at the common intersection of several extremity muscles (e.g. latissimus dorsi and gluteus maximus), as well as hypaxial (e.g. ventral trunk muscles) and epaxial (paraspinal) muscles. The mechanical properties of the fascial constituents establish the parameters guiding the dynamic interaction of muscle groups that stabilize the lumbosacral spine. Understanding the construction of this complex myofascial junction is fundamental to biomechanical analysis and implementation of effective rehabilitation in individuals with low back and pelvic girdle pain. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to describe the anatomy of the lateral margin of the TLF, and specifically the interface between the fascial sheath surrounding the paraspinal muscles and the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis (TA) and internal oblique (IO) muscles. The lateral margin of the TLF was exposed via serial reduction dissections from anterior and posterior approaches. Axial sections (cadaveric and magnetic resonance imaging) were examined to characterize the region between the TA and IO aponeurosis and the paraspinal muscles. It is confirmed that the paraspinal muscles are enveloped by a continuous paraspinal retinacular sheath (PRS), formed by the deep lamina of the posterior layer of the TLF. The PRS extends from the spinous process to transverse process, and is distinct from both the superficial lamina of the posterior layer and middle layer of the TLF. As the aponeurosis approaches the lateral border of the PRS, it appears to separate into two distinct laminae, which join the anterior and posterior walls of the PRS. This configuration creates a previously undescribed fat‐filled lumbar interfascial triangle situated along the lateral border of the paraspinal muscles from the 12th rib to the iliac crest. This triangle results in the unification of different fascial sheaths along the lateral border of the TLF, creating a ridged‐union of dense connective tissue that has been termed the lateral raphe (Spine, 9,1984, 163). This triangle may function in the distribution of laterally mediated tension to balance different viscoelastic moduli, along either the middle or posterior layers of the TLF.
Studying the reproductive biology of the common wall lizard using ultrasonography
Authors: Sacchi R. , Pellitteri‐Rosa D. , Capelli A. , Ghitti M. , Di Paoli A. , Bellati A. , Scali S. , Galeotti P. , Fasola M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUltrasound imaging is a promising technique for studying the reproductive biology of reptiles, but it has yet to be validated for small lizards in field research. This study aimed both at assessing the reliability of ultrasound imaging in field research and the measurement of the breeding effort and timing of reproduction in the northern Italian female population of the common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis. To this end, we kept 22 gravid females in captivity in April and June 2010 and used ultrasonography to predict the number of eggs they laid. The following year, we applied the same technique to monitor the breeding performance of females in their natural habitat. We collected 119 females between March and June 2011 and used ultrasonography to evaluate clutch size and egg developmental stage. Our results showed that 20 out of 22 females (91%) laid the exact number of eggs predicted. The field research showed that the percentage of gravid females varied over the season, showing a clear bimodal pattern with two peaks in late April and late May. These peaks corresponded to the first and second clutch depositions, respectively. Furthermore, female common wall lizards reach sexual maturity at a body size of 50–51 mm snout–vent length, at around 2 years of age. Mean clutch size in our population ranged from 2 to 5.5 eggs, with an average of 3.6 eggs. There was a strong positive relationship between clutch and female size, which was only statistically significant in the first deposition. The female lizards in our study were smaller than those in French and central European populations, they reached maturity at 50.9 mm and they laid few eggs. In this paper, we discuss some potential explanations for such differences.
Relationship between cardioventilatory coupling and pulmonary gas exchange
Authors: Sin P. Y. W. , Webber M. R. , Galletly D. C. , Tzeng Y. C. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryCardioventilatory coupling (CVC) is a temporal alignment between the heartbeat and inspiratory activity caused by pulsatile baroreceptor afferent activity. However, although first described over a century ago, the functional significance of CVC has yet to be established. One hypothesis is that baroreceptor triggering of inspiration positions heartbeats into phases of the respiratory cycle that may optimize pulmonary gas exchange efficiency. To test this hypothesis, we recruited ten patients with permanently implanted fixed‐rate cardiac pacemakers and instructed them to pace breathe at heart rate‐to‐respiratory rate (HR/f) ratios of 3·8, 4·0 and 4·2. This breathing protocol enabled us to simulate heartbeat distributions similar to those seen in the presence (4·0) and complete absence (3·8, 4·2) of CVC. Results showed that heart rate, mean arterial pressure, end‐tidal carbon dioxide and tidal volume remained unchanged across the three conditions (P>0·05). Pulmonary gas exchange efficiency, as determined by the ventilatory equivalents of carbon dioxide () and oxygen () did not differ significantly by HR/f ratio (P = 0·29 and P = 0·70, respectively). These data suggest that CVC does not play a significant role in optimizing pulmonary gas exchange efficiency in humans.
Associations of Alcohol, Nicotine, Cannabis, and Drug Use/Dependence with Educational Attainment: Evidence from Cotwin‐Control Analyses
Authors: Grant Julia D. , Scherrer Jeffrey F. , Lynskey Michael T. , Agrawal Arpana , Duncan Alexis E. , Haber Jon Randolph , Heath Andrew C. , Bucholz Kathleen K. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundAlthough substance use is associated with reduced educational attainment, this association may be owing to common risk factors such as socioeconomic disadvantage. We tested whether alcohol, nicotine, and illicit drug use and dependence were associated with lifetime educational attainment after controlling for familial background characteristics.MethodsData were from a 1987 questionnaire and a 1992 telephone diagnostic interview of 6,242 male twins (n = 3,121 pairs; mean age = 41.9 years in 1992) who served in theU.S. military during theVietnam era and therefore, were eligible for educational benefits after military service. Reduced educational attainment (<16 years) was examined in twin pairs discordant for substance use history. Substance use and dependence risk factors assessed were early alcohol and cannabis use, daily nicotine use, lifetime cannabis use, and alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and any illicit drug dependence.ResultsThree significant differences were observed between at‐risk twins and their cotwins: Compared to their low‐risk cotwins, likelihood of completing <16 years of education was significantly increased for the following: (i) twins who used alcohol before age 18 (adjustedOR = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.02 to 2.05), (ii) twins with a lifetime alcohol dependence diagnosis (adjustedOR = 1.76; 95%CI: 1.27 to 2.44), and (iii) twins who had used nicotine daily for 30 or more days (adjustedOR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.55 to 4.17). However, no differences in education were observed among twin pairs discordant for cannabis initiation, early cannabis use, or cannabis, nicotine, or any illicit drug dependence.ConclusionsEven in a veteran population with access to military educational benefits, early alcohol use, alcohol dependence, and daily nicotine use remained significantly associated with years of education after controlling for shared familial contributions to educational attainment. The association between other substances and educational attainment was explained by familial factors common to these substance use phenotypes and adult educational attainment.