bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal cancer and silica dust exposure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Minghui , Tse Lap Ah 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundIndividual epidemiological studies generally lack the power to examine the association between silica exposure or silicosis and laryngeal cancer. We summarized pertinent evidence from published literature by using meta‐analysis.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify cohort and case–control studies, and the method of meta‐analysis was used to combine standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) or standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) from cohort studies and odds ratios (ORs) from case–control studies.ResultsA significantly increased risk of laryngeal cancer (pooled OR = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.17–1.67) among workers exposed to silica dust was observed by combining six case–control studies with adjustment for smoking and alcohol consumption. A similarly increased but statistically non‐significant risk estimate was observed from cohort studies, with a pooled SMR of 1.38 (95% CI: 0.79–1.96) for silicosis cases; and a pooled SMR of 1.13 (95% CI: 0.82–1.45) and a pooled SIR of 1.50 (95% CI: 0.59–2.42) for workers with silica dust exposure.ConclusionThis systematic review demonstrated a weak association between silica or silicosis and laryngeal cancer. Owing to the inherent limitations of the original studies, interpretation of the results of this meta‐analysis should be cautious. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:669–676, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic overlap of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a high‐density linkage survey in the Portuguese Island population
Authors: Fanous Ayman H. , Middleton Frank A. , Gentile Karen , Amdur Richard L. , Maher Brion S. , Zhao Zhongming , Sun Jingchun , Medeiros Helena , Carvalho Celia , Ferreira Susana R. , Macedo Antonio , Knowles James A. , Azevedo Maria H. , Pato Michele T. , Pato Carlos N. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecent family and genome‐wide association studies strongly suggest shared genetic risk factors for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). However, linkage studies have not been used to test for statistically significant genome‐wide overlap between them. Forty‐seven Portuguese families with sibpairs concordant for SZ, BP, or psychosis (PSY, which includes either SZ or psychotic BP) were genotyped for over 57,000 markers using the Affymetrix 50K Xba SNP array. NPL and Kong and Cox LOD scores were calculated in Merlin for all three phenotypes. Empirical significance was determined using 1,000 gene‐dropping simulations. Significance of genome‐wide genetic overlap between SZ and BP was determined by the number of simulated BP scans having the same number of loci jointly linked with the real SZ scan, and vice versa. For all three phenotypes, a number of regions previously linked in this sample remained so. For BP, chromosome 1p36 achieved significance (11.54–15.71 MB, LOD = 3.51), whereas it was not even suggestively linked at lower marker densities, as did chromosome 11q14.1 (89.32–90.15 MB, NPL = 4.15). Four chromosomes had loci at which both SZ and BP had NPL ≥ 1.98, which was more than would be expected by chance (empirical P = 0.01 using simulated SZ scans; 0.07 using simulated BP scans), although they did not necessarily meet criteria for suggestive linkage individually. These results suggest that high‐density marker maps may provide greater power and precision in linkage studies than lower density maps. They also further support the hypothesis that SZ and BP share at least some risk alleles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The potential of adipose‐derived stem cells in craniofacial repair and regeneration
Authors: Marra Kacey G. , Rubin J. Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe recent identification of a mesenchymal stem cell population in adipose tissue has led to an abundance of research focused on the regenerative properties of these cells. As such, adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) and potential therapies in craniofacial regeneration have been widely studied. This review will discuss the identification and potential of ASCs, and specifically, preclinical and clinical studies using ASCs in craniofacial repair. Studies involving ASCs in the repair of defects caused by craniosynostosis and Treacher Collins syndrome will be discussed. A comprehensive review of the literature will be presented, focusing on fat grafting and biomaterials‐based approaches that include ASCs for craniofacial regeneration. (Part C) 96:95–97, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Animal models for basic and translational research in reconstructive transplantation
Authors: Brandacher Gerald , Grahammer Johanna , Sucher Robert , Lee Wei‐Ping Andrew 
Published: March 2012

AbstractReconstructive transplantation represents a bona fide option for select patients with devastating tissue loss, which could better restore the appearance, anatomy, and function than any other conventional treatment currently available. Despite favorable outcomes, broad clinical application of reconstructive transplantation is limited by the potential side effects of chronic multidrug immunosuppression. Thus, any reconstructive measures to improve these non‐life‐threatening conditions must address a delicate balance of risks and benefits. Today, several exciting novel therapeutic strategies, such as the implementation of cellular therapies including bone marrow or stem cells that integrate the concepts of immune regulation with those of nerve regeneration, are on the horizon. The development of reliable and reproducible small andlarge animal models is essential for the study of the unique immunological and biological aspects of vascularized composite allografts and to translate such novel immunoregulatory and tolerance‐inducing strategies and therapeutic concepts from the bench to bedside. This review provides an overview of the multitude of small and largeanimal models that have been particularly designed for basicand translational research related to reconstructive transplantation. (Part C) 96:39–50, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pluripotent stem cell‐based heart regeneration: From the developmental and immunological perspectives
Authors: Lui Kathy O. , Bu Lei , Li Ronald A. , Chan Camie W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHeart diseases such as myocardial infarction cause massive loss of cardiomyocytes, but the human heart lacks the innate ability to regenerate. In the adult mammalian heart, a resident progenitor cell population, termed epicardial progenitors, has been identified and reported to stay quiescent under uninjured conditions; however, myocardial infarction induces their proliferation and de novo differentiation into cardiac cells. It is conceivable to develop novel therapeutic approaches for myocardial repair by targeting such expandable sources of cardiac progenitors, thereby giving rise to new muscle and vasculatures. Human pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can self‐renew and differentiate into the three major cell types of the heart, namely cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. In this review, we describe our current knowledge of the therapeutic potential and challenges associated with the use of pluripotent stem cell and progenitor biology in cell therapy. An emphasis is placed on the contribution of paracrine factors in the growth of myocardium and neovascularization as well as the role of immunogenicity in cell survival and engraftment. (Part C) 96:98–107, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strength of CH···π interactions in the C‐terminal subdomain of villin headpiece
Authors: Kang Young Kee , Byun Byung Jin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe relative free energies of the folded structures of the seven model peptides with PLX (X = W, Y, F, H, and A) and ALX (X = W and A) sequences to the corresponding extended structures are calculated using the density functional methods in water to evaluate the relative strengths of CH···π interactions, especially proline···aromatic interactions for the PLX motif of the C‐terminal subdomain of villin headpiece. It has been found that the Pro···π contacts for the folded structures of the PLW, PLY, PLF, and PLH peptides have in common a geometric pattern having the edge of the Pro ring interacting with the face of the aromatic ring, as found for functionally important Pro residues in proteins. At the M06‐2X/cc‐pVTZ//SMD M06‐2X/6‐31+G(d) level of theory, the relative stabilities of the folded structures to the extended structures are obtained in the order PLW > ALW > PLA > PLH > PLY > ALA > PLF by the conformational Gibbs free energies in water, which is reasonably consistent with the observed results from the CD thermal analysis for wild‐type and mutants of the C‐terminal subdomains of villin headpieces. Although the interaction energies excluding the solvation free energies play a role in determining the relative stabilities of the PLX and ALX peptides, the solvation and entropic terms are found to be of consequence, too. In particular, it has been known that ∼40% of the total interaction energy of the PLW peptide is ascribed to the CH···π interactions of the contacting side chains for Pro and Trp residues, in which the dispersion terms play a role. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 778–788, 2012.
The linguistic roots of Modern English anatomical terminology
Authors: Turmezei Tom D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPrevious research focusing on Classical Latin and Greek roots has shown that understanding the etymology of English anatomical terms may be beneficial for students of human anatomy. However, not all anatomical terms are derived from Classical origins. This study aims to explore the linguistic roots of the Modern English terminology used in human gross anatomy. By reference to the Oxford English Dictionary, etymologies were determined for a lexicon of 798 Modern English gross anatomical terms from the 40th edition of Gray's Anatomy. Earliest traceable language of origin was determined for all 798 terms; language of acquisition was determined for 747 terms. Earliest traceable languages of origin were: Classical Latin (62%), Classical Greek (24%), Old English (7%), Post‐Classical Latin (3%), and other (4%). Languages of acquisition were: Classical Latin (42%), Post‐Classical Latin (29%), Old English (8%), Modern French (6%), Classical Greek (5%), Middle English (3%), and other (7%). While the roots of Modern English anatomical terminology mostly lie in Classical languages (accounting for the origin of 86% of terms), the anatomical lexicon of Modern English is actually much more diverse. Interesting and perhaps less familiar examples from these languages and the methods by which such terms have been created and absorbed are discussed. The author suggests that awareness of anatomical etymologies may enhance the enjoyment and understanding of human anatomy for students and teachers alike. Clin. Anat. 25:1015–1022, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleophilicity Parameters of Enamides and Their Implications for Organocatalytic Transformations
Authors: Maji Biplab , Lakhdar Sami , Mayr Herbert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe kinetics of the reactions of eleven substituted enamides with benzhydrylium ions (diarylcarbenium ions) were determined in acetonitrile solution. The second‐order rate constants follow the correlation log k2(20 °C)=sN(E+N), which allowed us to derive reactivity parameters N and sN. With 4.6<N<7.1, enamides had similar nucleophilicities to enol ethers and non‐ or weakly activated indoles and pyrroles. The combination of the N and sN parameters with the previously reported E parameters of typical Michael acceptors, α,β‐unsaturated iminium ions, and the chlorinating agent hexachlorocyclohexa‐2,4‐dienone allowed us to reliably reproduce the experimental rate constants of the reactions with these electrophiles. The reactions of enamides with α,β‐unsaturated iminium ions only proceeded in the presence of bases (e.g., 2,6‐lutidine), which was explained by the low Lewis acidities of the iminium ions. The consequences of these results for the use of enamides in organocatalytic reactions are discussed.
Optical Properties of Assembled Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Gels
Authors: Ostojic Gordana N. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA macroscopic system of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) created by a novel DNA/protein complex‐assisted assembly is investigated. Due to a point‐like nature of connectors, the resulting SWNT aerogel represents a network of self‐suspended nanotubes with a record‐low density of less than 0.75 mg cm−3. The assembly method and low density enable a direct comparison of optical properties of nanotubes in solvent and air to surfactant solubilized nanotubes. Optical properties of SWNT gels are investigated using optical absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy. Gelled nanotubes in water and in the low‐energy regime behave similar to solubilized nanotubes. In contrast, the photoluminescence of SWNT aerogels exhibits a previously unobserved peak at 1.3 eV that corresponds to a phonon‐assisted recombination of photoexcited charges. This new emission pathway is the result of the unique nature of self‐suspended nanotubes in aerogel and a reduced phonon decay.
Hybrid Polymer–Nanocrystal Materials for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Zhou Renjia , Xue Jiangeng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHybrid polymer–nanocrystal photovoltaic (PV) cells have received much attention during the past decade as promising low‐cost solar energy harvesting devices, and showed significant progress with power conversion efficiency reaching 5 % recently. This review starts from the introduction of hybrid materials to their application in electronic devices, with particular focus on bulk‐heterojunction hybrid polymer–nanocrystal PV devices. The synthesis, surface chemistry, and electronic properties of colloidal inorganic nanocrystals are described. The recent development of hybrid PV devices will be discussed from the perspective of tailoring both inorganic nanocrystals and conjugated polymers, controlling polymer–nanocrystal hybrid morphology, engineering polymer–nanocrystal interface, and optimizing device architecture. Finally, future directions for further advancing hybrid PV technology to potential commercialization are also discussed.
In Vivo and In Vitro Studies on the Antioxidant Activity of Aloin Compared to Doxorubicin in Rats
Authors: Esmat Amr Y. , Said Mahmoud M. , Hamdy Germine M. , Soliman Amel A. , Khalil Sally A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Strategy, Management and Health Policy

Enabling Technology, Genomics, Proteomics
Preclinical Research
Preclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, Pharmacokinetics
Clinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing
Postmarketing Phase IV

In the present study, the cardiotoxicity of aloin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone glycoside with antiproliferative activity was compared with doxorubicin, a cardiotoxic anthracyline drug, in rats. The antioxidant and iron‐chelating activities of aloin and doxorubicin in vitro were also evaluated. Rats treated with aloin (50 mg/kg body weight, intramuscular)) twice weekly over 2 weeks showed no signs of cardiotoxicity as assessed by an absence of changes in relative heart weight, serum level of heart function enzymes, and a lack of degeneration in the myocardium of the left ventricle. Acute doxorubicin administration (30 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal) to rats produced severe cardiotoxicity as supported by biochemical and histological studies. Aloin did not induce oxidative stress or enhance the endogenous antioxidant defense system in the heart. In vitro antioxidant tests showed that aloin, in contrast to doxorubicin, had substantial antioxidant activity represented by scavenging of 1,1‐diphenyl 2‐picrylhydrazyl and nitric oxide· radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and ferric‐reducing antioxidant activity in addition to iron chelating potential. Ventricular inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression was unaffected by either aloin and doxorubicin treatments. In conclusion, repeated aloin treatment, in contrast to that of doxorubicin, failed to produce oxidative stress‐induced cardiotoxicity in the rats.
The renal v‐ATPase a4 subunit is expressed in specific subtypes of human gliomas
Authors: Gleize Vincent , Boisselier Blandine , Marie Yannick , Poëa‐Guyon Sandrine , Sanson Marc , Morel Nicolas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVacuolar H+‐ATPases (v‐ATPases) are multimeric proton pumps which acidify various intra‐cellular organelles and may participate in pHe and pHi regulation in cancer cell lines. The ATP6V0A4 gene encodes the a4 subunit which is expressed in kidney and epididymis. Because we found a4 mRNA highly expressed in C6Bu1 glioma cell line, we measured it in 205 glioma biopsies and 11 brain biopsies from epileptic patients. a4 was absent in epileptic brain biopsies, but was expressed by 34% (11/32) of grade III oligodendrogliomas, independently of the chromosome 1p19q codeletion. a4 expression in grade III oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas without the 1p19q codeletion tended to be associated with a shorter overall survival of patients. We also observed a4 expression in biopsies of pilocytic astrocytomas (68%; 19/28) and gangliogliomas (37%; 6/16). In pilocytic astrocytomas a4 expression was associated with a tandem duplication of the 7q34 chromosome region, distant 0.5 Mb to the ATP6V0A4 gene locus. In conclusion, a4 expression identifies subtypes of oligodendrogliomas, pilocytic astrocytomas and gangliogliomas and may contribute to refine characterization of these tumors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cerebral somatic pain modulation during autogenic training in fMRI
Authors: Naglatzki R.P. , Schlamann M. , Gasser T. , Ladd M.E. , Sure U. , Forsting M. , Gizewski E.R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are increasingly employed in different conscious states. Autogenic training (AT) is a common clinically used relaxation method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cerebral modulation of pain activity patterns due to AT and to correlate the effects to the degree of experience with AT and strength of stimuli.MethodsThirteen volunteers familiar with AT were studied with fMRI during painful electrical stimulation in a block design alternating between resting state and electrical stimulation, both without AT and while employing the same paradigm when utilizing their AT abilities. The subjective rating of painful stimulation and success in modulation during AT was assessed.ResultsDuring painful electrical stimulation without AT, fMRI revealed activation of midcingulate, right secondary sensory, right supplementary motor, and insular cortices, the right thalamus and left caudate nucleus. In contrast, utilizing AT only activation of left insular and supplementary motor cortices was revealed. The paired t‐test revealed pain‐related activation in the midcingulate, posterior cingulate and left anterior insular cortices for the condition without AT, and activation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex under AT. Activation of the posterior cingulate cortex and thalamus correlated with the amplitude of electrical stimulation.ConclusionsThis study revealed an effect on cerebral pain processing while performing AT. This might represent the cerebral correlate of different painful stimulus processing by subjects who are trained in performing relaxation techniques. However, due to the absence of a control group, further studies are needed to confirm this theory.
Ski inhibits TGF‐β/phospho‐Smad3 signaling and accelerates hypertrophic differentiation in chondrocytes
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Ok , Sampson Erik R. , Maynard Robert D. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Chen Di , Drissi Hicham , Rosier Randy N. , Hilton Matthew J. , Zuscik Michael J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSince transforming growing factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smad signaling inhibits chondrocyte maturation, endogenous negative regulators of TGF‐β signaling are likely also important regulators of the chondrocyte differentiation process. One such negative regulator, Ski, is an oncoprotein that is known to inhibit TGF‐β/Smad3 signaling via its interaction with phospho‐Smad3 and recruitment of histone deacetylases (HDACs) to the DNA binding complex. Based on this, we hypothesized that Ski inhibits TGF‐β signaling and accelerates maturation in chondrocytes via recruitment of HDACs to transcriptional complexes containing Smads. We tested this hypothesis in chick upper sternal chondrocytes (USCs), where gain and loss of Ski expression experiments were performed. Over‐expression of Ski not only reversed the inhibitory effect of TGF‐β on the expression of hypertrophic marker genes such as type X collagen (colX) and osteocalcin, it induced these genes basally as well. Conversely, knockdown of Ski by RNA interference led to a reduction of colX and osteocalcin expression under basal conditions. Furthermore, Ski blocked TGF‐β induction of cyclinD1 and caused a basal up‐regulation of Runx2, consistent with the observed acceleration of hypertrophy. Regarding mechanism, not only does Ski associate with phospho‐Smad2 and 3, but its association with phospho‐Smad3 is required for recruitment of HDAC4 and 5. Implicating this recruitment of HDACs in the phenotypic effects of Ski in chondrocytes, the HDAC inhibitor SAHA reversed the up‐regulation of colX and osteocalcin in Ski over‐expressing cells. These results suggest that inhibition of TGF‐β signaling by Ski, which involves its association with phospho‐Smad3 and recruitment of HDAC4 and 5, leads to accelerated chondrocyte differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2156–2166, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular dynamics extended for fluctuating networks: Application to water
Authors: Kashmirian Jennifer M. , Uhlherr Alfred , Dorin Alan , Green David G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMolecular simulation models are increasingly important tools in efforts to understand the role that water plays in biochemical processes. However, existing models of water have limited capacity to deal with the characteristics of hydrogen bond networks. This article proposes a new fluctuating network (FN) algorithm as an extension of the standard molecular dynamics algorithm. The new algorithm allows for the simulation of a molecular system based on an underlying network, such as the hydrogen bond network in water. This algorithm distinguishes strong from weak network connections, applying a potential that best describes the specific connection behavior. We model liquid water with this new technique using a single‐site, isotropic, short‐range potential. We successfully reproduce liquid water's signature molecular spacing (as represented by the radial distribution function) and characterize its dynamic properties including the exponential hydrogen bond lifetime distribution, diffusion rate, and average hydrogen bonds per molecule. The FN algorithm allows exploration of the behavior of networked systems where explicit coordination limits are required. As such it could also be used to model covalent interactions, reaction dynamics, and applied to simulation of cellular networks. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.