bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Men of Gallio's Naughty Faith?”: The Aberdeen Doctors on Reformed and Lutheran Concord
Authors: Denlinger Aaron Clay 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn 1637 the Aberdeen Doctors, in response to a request by the irenicist John Dury, penned a treatise proposing fraternal peace between Reformed and Lutheran churches in Europe. Despite common recognition of the Doctors as early-modern irenicists if not forerunners of modern ecumenism, their treatise on Protestant unity has attracted little scholarly interest. The only modern scholar to comment upon that work perceived heteredox impulses at work in the Doctors' proposal.
Through careful analysis of the Doctors' treatise and comparison of it to early modern Reformed works of the same genre, this article aims to shed greater light on the nature—the grounds, scope, and limits—of the Doctors' irenicism. Against the judgment that their proposal for peace marked some level of departure from the confessional orthodoxy of their day, their work is shown to be thoroughly consistent with, and very likely indebted to, programs for Protestant peace advanced by orthodox peers and predecessors in the international Reformed tradition.
Modeling Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Fiji Region as a Binary Classification Problem
Authors: Chand Savin S. , Walsh Kevin J. E. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This study presents a binary classification model for the prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga regions (the FST region) using the accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) as a proxy of TC activity. A probit regression model, which is a suitable probability model for describing binary response data, is developed to determine at least a few months in advance (by July in this case) the probability that an upcoming TC season may have for high or low TC activity. Years of “high TC activity” are defined as those years when ACE values exceeded the sample climatology (i.e., the 1985–2008 mean value). Model parameters are determined using the Bayesian method. Various combinations of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices and large-scale environmental conditions that are known to affect TCs in the FST region are examined as potential predictors. It was found that a set of predictors comprising low-level relative vorticity, upper-level divergence, and midtropspheric relative humidity provided the best skill in terms of minimum hindcast error. Results based on hindcast verification clearly suggest that the model predicts TC activity in the FST region with substantial skill up to the May–July preseason for all years considered in the analysis, in particular for ENSO-neutral years when TC activity is known to show large variations.
Fine mapping of a linkage peak with integration of lipid traits identifies novel coronary artery disease genes on chromosome 5
Authors: Nolan Daniel K , Sutton Beth , Haynes Carol , Johnson Jessica , Sebek Jacqueline , Dowdy Elaine , Crosslin David , Crossman David , Sketch Michael H , Granger Christopher B , Seo David , Goldschmidt-Clermont Pascal , Kraus William E , Gregory Simon G , Hauser Elizabeth R , Shah Svati H 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD), and one of its intermediate risk factors, dyslipidemia, possess a demonstrable genetic component, although the genetic architecture is incompletely defined. We previously reported a linkage peak on chromosome 5q31-33 for early-onset CAD where the strength of evidence for linkage was increased in families with higher mean low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Therefore, we sought to fine-map the peak using association mapping of LDL-C as an intermediate disease-related trait to further define the etiology of this linkage peak. The study populations consisted of 1908 individuals from the CATHGEN biorepository of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization; 254 families (N = 827 individuals) from the GENECARD familial study of early-onset CAD; and 162 aorta samples harvested from deceased donors. Linkage disequilibrium-tagged SNPs were selected with an average of one SNP per 20 kb for 126.6-160.2 MB (region of highest linkage) and less dense spacing (one SNP per 50 kb) for the flanking regions (117.7-126.6 and 160.2-167.5 MB) and genotyped on all samples using a custom Illumina array. Association analysis of each SNP with LDL-C was performed using multivariable linear regression (CATHGEN) and the quantitative trait transmission disequilibrium test (QTDT; GENECARD). SNPs associated with the intermediate quantitative trait, LDL-C, were then assessed for association with CAD (i.e., a qualitative phenotype) using linkage and association in the presence of linkage (APL; GENECARD) and logistic regression (CATHGEN and aortas).

Results
We identified four genes with SNPs that showed the strongest and most consistent associations with LDL-C and CAD: EBF1, PPP2R2B, SPOCK1, and PRELID2. The most significant results for association of SNPs with LDL-C were: EBF1, rs6865969, p = 0.01; PPP2R2B, rs2125443, p = 0.005; SPOCK1, rs17600115, p = 0.003; and PRELID2, rs10074645, p = 0.0002). The most significant results for CAD were EBF1, rs6865969, p = 0.007; PPP2R2B, rs7736604, p = 0.0003; SPOCK1, rs17170899, p = 0.004; and PRELID2, rs7713855, p = 0.003.

Conclusion
Using an intermediate disease-related quantitative trait of LDL-C we have identified four novel CAD genes, EBF1, PRELID2, SPOCK1, and PPP2R2B. These four genes should be further examined in future functional studies as candidate susceptibility loci for cardiovascular disease mediated through LDL-cholesterol pathways.
Congruence as a measurement of extended haplotype structure across the genome
Authors: Baschal Erin E , Jasinski Jean M , Boyle Theresa A , Fain Pamela R , Eisenbarth George S , Siebert Janet C 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Historically, extended haplotypes have been defined using only a few data points, such as alleles for several HLA genes in the MHC. High-density SNP data, and the increasing affordability of whole genome SNP typing, creates the opportunity to define higher resolution extended haplotypes. This drives the need for new tools that support quantification and visualization of extended haplotypes as defined by as many as 2000 SNPs. Confronted with high-density SNP data across the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) for 2,300 complete families, compiled by the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC), we developed software for studying extended haplotypes.

Methods
The software, called ExHap (Extended Haplotype), uses a similarity measurement we term congruence to identify and quantify long-range allele identity. Using ExHap, we analyzed congruence in both the T1DGC data and family-phased data from the International HapMap Project.

Results
Congruent chromosomes from the T1DGC data have between 96.5% and 99.9% allele identity over 1,818 SNPs spanning 2.64 megabases of the MHC (HLA-DRB1 to HLA-A). Thirty-three of 132 DQ-DR-B-A defined haplotype groups have > 50% congruent chromosomes in this region. For example, 92% of chromosomes within the DR3-B8-A1 haplotype are congruent from HLA-DRB1 to HLA-A (99.8% allele identity). We also applied ExHap to all 22 autosomes for both CEU and YRI cohorts from the International HapMap Project, identifying multiple candidate extended haplotypes.

Conclusions
Long-range congruence is not unique to the MHC region. Patterns of allele identity on phased chromosomes provide a simple, straightforward approach to visually and quantitatively inspect complex long-range structural patterns in the genome. Such patterns aid the biologist in appreciating genetic similarities and differences across cohorts, and can lead to hypothesis generation for subsequent studies.
The antinociceptive effect of electroacupuncture at different depths of acupoints and under the needling surface
Authors: Silva Marcelo L , Silva Josie RT , Prado Wiliam A 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
The stimulation of acupoints along the meridians, but not the non-acupoints outside of the meridians, produces analgesia. Although the acupoint is defined at the body surface, the exact location of the acupoints is not known. This study aims to examine whether the intensity and duration of the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at the Zusanli (ST36) and Sanynjiao acupoints (SP6) change according to the depth of the stimulation.

Methods
Ninety-six male Wistar rats classified as responders were arbitrarily allocated into 16 groups of six rats each. Six groups received EA with uninsulated acupuncture needles (type I) or needles that were immersed in varnish and had the varnish circularly peeled 0.2 mm from the tip (type II), 0.2 mm at 3 mm (type III) or 5 mm (type IV) from the tip, or 0.2 mm at 5 and 1 mm from the tip (type V), or EA sham for 20 min. Five groups received injection of formalin into the acupoint bilaterally at 5 mm or 1 mm deep into ST36, 5 mm below ST36 but inserting the needle at 45° to the skin surface, or 5 mm deep into non-acupoints. The remaining groups received intraplantar injection of saline, 1% or 2.5% formalin. The analgesic effects were measured by the rat tail-flick test.

Results
The bilateral stimulation of ST36 and SP6 by uninsulated or insulated needles produced analgesia in the rat tail-flick test. The stronger and longer lasting effects occurred after EA with the types I and V needles, or injection of formalin 5 mm deep into ST36. The remaining needles produced weaker and shorter lasting effects. Slow analgesic effect also occurred after formalin injection at 1 mm or 5 mm below ST36 by inserting the needle at 45° to the skin surface.

Conclusion
The experimental results suggest that the efficacy of the EA stimulation depends on the spatial distribution of the current density under the needling surface rather than only the acupoint or the depth of needling.
Local delivery of AAV2-CTLA4IgG decreases sialadenitis and improves gland function in the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Yin Hongen , Nguyen Cuong Q , Samuni Yuval , Uede Toshimitsu , Peck Ammon B , Chiorini John A 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Introduction

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a key negative costimulatory molecule that displays a wide range of anti-inflammatory properties and is currently approved to treat rheumatoid arthritis as a recombinant fusion protein (CTLA4IgG). To better understand the role of CTLA4IgG in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), we generated a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector serotype 2 (AAV2) expressing a chimera of mouse CTLA-4 fused with a human immunoglobulin (AAV2-CTLA4IgG) and observed the effect of this molecule in C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice, an animal model of pSS.

Methods

A recombinant adeno-associated virus-2 (AAV-2) vector was constructed encoding a CTLA4IgG fusion protein. The AAV2-CTLA4IgG vector and an AAV2 control vector encoding beta galactosidase (LacZ) were administered by retrograde cannulation of the submandibular glands of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice. Protein expression was measured by ELISA and salivary glands were assessed for inflammation and activity.

Results

Recombinant CTLA4IgG blocked B7 expression on macrophages in vitro. In vivo, localized expression of CTLA4IgG in the salivary glands of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice inhibited the loss of salivary gland activity and decreased T and B cell infiltration as well as dendritic cells and macrophages in the glands compared with control mice. In addition a decrease in several proinflammatory cytokines and an increase in transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) expression were also observed.

Conclusions

These data suggest expression of CTLA4IgG in the salivary gland can decrease the inflammation and improve the xerostomia reported in these mice.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Supersensitive Detection of Clenbuterol Using Molecularly Imprinted Film
Authors: Bao Han , Wei Tianxin , Meng Huijuan , Liu Baoxing 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The supersensitive detection of clenbuterol was achieved by a method of combining molecularly imprinted polymer with surface plasmon resonance in this article. The detection limit of clenbuterol was 1 × 10−15 mol L−1, and the changes in resonance angle (Δθ) had a good linear relationship with the logarithm of clenbuterol concentration in the range from 1 × 10−15–1 × 10−7 mol L−1. Selectivity experiment showed that no Δθ was observed in response to salbutamol until the concentration of 1 × 10−5 mol L−1.
Red-light-induced Photoreaction of DMS–O3 Complex in a Cryogenic Neon Matrix
Authors: Wakamatsu Daisuke , Akai Nobuyuki , Kawai Akio , Shibuya Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Photoreaction and light absorption of dimethyl sulfide (DMS)–O3 complex isolated in a cryogenic neon matrix were investigated by FTIR and visible-light absorption spectroscopy. Although visible light does not induce photoreaction for either monomer, a photoreaction to produce dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was observed to occur upon the red light (700–740 nm) irradiation. New electronic absorption bands peaking at 470 and 600 nm due to DMS–O3 complex appear in a visible spectral region, which are responsible for the photooxidation of DMS to DMSO.
All-solid-state Lithium Secondary Batteries Using Li2S–P2S5 Solid Electrolytes and LiFePO4 Electrode Particles with Amorphous Surface Layer
Authors: Sakuda Atsushi , Kitaura Hirokazu , Hayashi Akitoshi , Tatsumisago Masahiro , Hosoda Yohei , Nagakane Tomohiro , Sakamoto Akihiko 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
All-solid-state batteries using Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolyte and LiFePO4 glass ceramic electrode particles were constructed. The batteries were charged and discharged with reversible capacity of 110 mA h g−1. Amorphous oxide surface layer formed on LiFePO4 glass ceramic particles improved interfacial properties between LiFePO4 electrode and Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolytes.
Immobilization of Arsenic(V) during the Transformation of Ferrihydrite: A Direct Speciation Study Using Synchrotron-based XAFS Spectroscopy
Authors: Muramatsu Chihiro , Sakata Masahiro , Mitsunobu Satoshi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the behavior of arsenic (As) during the transformation of poorly crystalline iron(III) hydroxide, ferrihydrite. Adsorbed As on solids gradually decreased as ferrihydrite transformed to crystalline goethite and hematite. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis indicated that the As immobilization dominantly resulted from the incorporation of arsenate into poorly crystalline ferrihydrite under present experimental conditions.
Environmentally Friendly Tetrahydrofuranylation of Alcohols Using NaHSO4–SiO2 under Solvent-free Conditions
Authors: Kinfe Henok H , Terblanche Sullivan , Tshivhase Konanani D , Ravhura Livhuwani 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A simple, environmentally friendly, and efficient tetrahydrofuranylation of alcohols has been developed using NaHSO4–SiO2 (0.5 mol %) as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions to yield corresponding THF ethers in good to excellent yields.
A Novel Sol–Gel Approach to Highly Condensed Silicas at Low Temperature
Authors: Jorapur Yogesh R , Mizoshita Norihiro , Maegawa Yoshifumi , Nakagawa Hiroki , Hasegawa Takeru , Tani Takao , Inagaki Shinji , Shimada Toyoshi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We have discovered new Meerwein’s reagent-catalyzed sol–gel polycondensations, which provide highly condensed silica Q4 and biphenylylene silica T3 as amorphous gels with marginal silanols starting from TEOS and 4,4′-bis(triethoxysilyl)biphenyl (BTEBph), respectively. We propose a plausible pathway for this protocol with possible silyloxonium intermediates.
Concentration-dependent Fluorescence Properties of a Water-soluble Perylene Ammonium Derivative in Solutions and Polymer Matrices
Authors: Ito Fuyuki , Ugachi Yuri , Sasaki Tomoko 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A water-soluble perylene ammonium derivative was synthesized and its fluorescence spectra in solution and in polymer matrices were measured as a function of concentration. The concentration-dependent fluorescence spectral change in polymer films is useful for probing the initial processes of crystal nuclei growth by matrix isolation and/or freezing.
Neutron Diffraction and IR Spectroscopy Study on Crystalline Complexation of Syndiotactic Polystyrene with 15-Crown-5 and 18-Crown-6
Authors: Kaneko Fumitoshi , Sasaki Keita , Kawaguchi Tatsuya , Ute Koichi , Hester James 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Neutron diffraction experiments were carried out in order to confirm that syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) forms crystalline complexes with 15-crown-5 (15C5) and 18-crown-6 (18C6). A strong 010 reflection was observed in both sPS/15C5 and sPS/18C6 systems, which indicates a crystalline structure where crown ether molecules are sandwiched by polymer sheets consisting of sPS helices. It was also confirmed by IR spectroscopy that the orientation of host sPS lattice was preserved during the complexation using guest-exchange phenomenon.
Site-selective Deposition of Graphene Oxide Layer on Patterned Self-assembled Monolayer
Authors: Cho Hong Yeon , Han Chul Jong , In Insik 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Patterned graphene oxide (GO) layer is prepared by site-selective deposition of GO on patterned self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Deep ultraviolet (DUV) exposure on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) SAM through photomask produces hydrophobic/hydrophilic pattern, and the hydrophilic region is reacted with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), which is preferentially wetted with GO through ionic interaction between carboxylic acid groups of GO and amino groups of APTES SAM. As-prepared GO pattern can be further transformed to chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) pattern after chemical reduction with hydrazine. Both Raman and electrical conductivity measurements confirm the successive preparation of RGO pattern.
Measurement of Gas- and Particle-phase Organic Species in Diesel Exhaust Using Vacuum Ultraviolet Single Photon Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kambe Yasuaki , Yamamoto Yukio , Yamada Hiroyuki , Tonokura Kenichi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Organic compounds present in diesel exhaust were measured using vacuum ultraviolet single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry while heating the inlet line at high and low temperatures. Increases in signal intensities were observed when the inlet was heated at 623 K because of enhanced volatilization of the organic fraction emitted in the particle phase.
Isolation of Enantiopure Crystals and Spectroscopic Properties of a Chiral Er-Containing Polyoxotungstate [Er(α2-P2W17O61)2]17−
Authors: Iijima Jun , Naruke Haruo , Sanji Takanobu 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Enantiopure crystals of chiral [l-/d-Er(α2-P2W17O61)2]17− polyanions were successfully resolved by using l-/d-proline (pro) as chiral auxiliaries. In both crystals, the chirality was stabilized by enantioselective interaction involving N–H···O hydrogen bonding between the polyanion and pro molecules. Circular dichroic spectroscopy in aqueous solutions revealed that partial racemization of the polyanions and the racemic equilibrium can be enantioselectively controlled by the amount of coexisting pro.
Morphological Change of Vesicle Particles Can Produce a Peculiar Stepwise Transition in Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol Bilayer at High NaCl Concentration
Authors: Tanaka Saeko , Tamai Nobutake , Goto Masaki , Kaneshina Shoji , Matsuki Hitoshi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Complete formation of the most stable lamellar crystal (Lc2) phase was achieved for dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) bilayer membrane in 1.0 mol kg−1 aqueous NaCl solution. A peculiar stepwise transition was observed from the differential scanning calorimetric measurements when the Lc2 phase was completely formed. This is probably relevant to the morphological change from rod-like or cylindrical particles to spherical vesicles concomitant with the transition.
Facile Synthesis of Functional Alkoxysilane Precursor with Short Linkers toward Organosilica Hybrids with a High Density of Chromophores
Authors: Maegawa Yoshifumi , Mizoshita Norihiro , Tani Takao , Inagaki Shinji 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Tetraphenylpyrene (TPPy)-bridged alkoxysilane precursors with short linkers were synthesized by development of a facile synthetic route, and sol–gel polymerized to transparent organosilica films which showed higher absoption coefficient than the conventional route due to dense accumulation of TPPy units in the films.
The role of arthroscopic synovectomy in patients with undifferentiated chronic monoarthritis of the wrist
Authors: Kim S. M. , Park M. J. , Kang H. J. , Choi Y. L. , Lee J. J. 
Published: February 2012

We investigated the clinical response to arthroscopic synovectomy in patients with undifferentiated chronic monoarthritis (UCMA) of the wrist. Arthroscopic synovectomy was performed on 20 wrists in 20 patients with UCMA of the wrist who had not responded to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The mean duration of symptoms at the time of surgery was 4.3 months (3 to 7) and the mean follow-up was 51.8 months (24 to 94). Inflamed synovium was completely removed from the radiocarpal, midcarpal and distal radioulnar joints using more portals than normal. After surgery, nine patients had early remission of synovitis and 11 with uncontrolled synovitis received antirheumatic medication. Overall, there was significant improvement in terms of pain relief, range of movement and Mayo score. Radiological deterioration was seen in five patients who were diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis during the follow-up period. Lymphoid follicles and severe lymphocyte infiltration were seen more often in synovial biopsies from patients with uncontrolled synovitis.These results suggest that arthroscopic synovectomy provides pain relief and functional improvement, and allows rapid resolution of synovitis in about half of patients with UCMA of the wrist.
REVIEWS
Authors: Rothman Korey , Burrows George , Pritchard Arthur , Vandevender Bryan M. 
Published: February 2012

PICK YOURSELF UP: DOROTHY FIELDS AND THE AMERICAN MUSICAL, CHARLOTTE GREENSPAN (2010) (Broadway Legacies), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 298 pp., ISBN 978-0-19-5111110-1, h/bk, $27.95
GEORGE GERSHWIN, LARRY STARR (2011) (Yale Broadway Masters Series), New Haven and London:
Yale University Press, 194 pp., ISBN 978-0-300-11184-2, h/bk, £30
THE SONGS OF HOLLYWOOD, PHILIP FURIA AND LAURIE PATTERSON (2010) Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, x+270 pp., ISBN 978-0-19-533708-2, h/bk, $35
BROADWAY MUSICALS, THE BIGGEST HIT AND THE BIGGEST
FLOP OF THE SEASON: 1959 TO 2009, PETER FILICHIA (2010) Milwaukee: Applause Theatre & Cinema Books, xiii+277 pp., ISBN-13 978-1-4234-9562-8, p/bk, US$19.99
Binding of stereognostically designed ligands to trivalent, pentavalent, and hexavalent f-block elements
Authors: Sinkov Sergey I. , Lumetta Gregg J. , Warner M. G. , Pittman J. W. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Stability constants were determined for the complexes formed from two stereognostically designed ligands and the f-block elements Nd(III), Np(V), and Pu(VI). The ligands investigated were tris[3-(2-carboxyphenoxy)propyl]amine (NPB) and tris-N,N´,N´´-[2-(2-carboxy-4-ethyl-phenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (EETAC). A stereognostically blind ligand, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), was also investigated for comparison. The results suggest that there is no significant stereognostic effect for complexation of NPB or EETAC to Np(V). On the other hand, a modest stereognostic effect is seen for the NPB ligand when complexed to Pu(VI), leading to an approximately 8-fold increase in the binding strength. A more significant effect is observed for the EETAC system in which a 250-fold increase in binding is observed for Pu(VI) vs. Nd(III).