bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distribution of Drifting Pallid Sturgeon Larvae in the Missouri River Inferred from Two Net Designs and Multiple Sampling Locations
Authors: Braaten Patrick J. , Fuller David B. , Lott Ryan D. , Ruggles Michael P. , Holm Robert J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Nearly 430,000 larval pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus (5–13 d posthatch) were released in the Missouri River and allowed to free-drift for 5.7 km and then were sampled at a river bend by boats positioned on the inside-bend, inside-bend channel border, mid-channel, and outside-bend locations of the channel. Boats were rigged with conical nets and rectangle nets designed to sample for drifting pallid sturgeon larvae along the bottom and at the surface of the river to address three objectives: (1) examine the vertical drift behavior of larvae; (2) compare numbers, concentrations, and lengths of larvae between conical and rectangle nets; and (3) examine the lateral distribution of free-drifting larvae. The vertical distribution of larvae was not uniform as nearly all larvae (≥98%) were sampled in nets fished on the bottom, and larval concentrations (expressed as larvae/m3) were greater in bottom-fished nets. Large-opening rectangle nets (0.375 m2) fished on the bottom sampled greater numbers of larvae than small-opening conical nets (0.196 m2) fished on the bottom; however, larval concentrations were similar between the two net designs. Numbers and concentrations of larvae differed among lateral sampling locations and increased from the inside-bend location to the outside-bend location. Lengths of sampled larvae were similar between net designs and vertical locations in the water column, but larvae sampled at the mid-channel location were slightly smaller than larvae sampled at other lateral locations. These results serve as a guide for sampling larval pallid sturgeon in large rivers. Specifically, sampling adjacent to the bottom in the high-velocity thalweg of the channel maximizes the likelihood of collecting larvae and quantifying numbers of drifting larvae of this federally endangered species.
Correcting Bias Introduced by Aerial Counts in Angler Effort Estimation
Authors: Smucker Byran J. , Lorantas Robert M. , Rosenberger James L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A critical part of most any roving angler survey is angler effort estimation. Various methods have been proposed and implemented to calculate this important parameter, and one of the most effective methods for estimation over large areas utilizes aerial counts of anglers. In this paper, we describe effort estimation methodology used for a creel survey conducted by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission in the lower Juniata River and lower and middle Susquehanna River during 2007. Daytime angler effort estimates were calculated using an augmented aerial survey, which includes both aerial counts and data collected by creel agents on the ground. Interview angler effort data obtained via a modified roving ground survey were used to produce estimates of daily effort distributions, which were then used to expand instantaneous aerial counts to daily effort estimates. We present two ratios that ameliorate biases introduced by the aerial survey. An angler-to-people ratio calculated from the ground data accounts for shore persons who are not anglers, and a ground-truthing ratio corrects for people and boats that are inadvertently excluded from the aerial counts. Variance estimation and effort results are then discussed.
Effects of Simulated Commercial Harvest on Mummichogs in Tidal Creeks in South Carolina, USA
Authors: Goldman Sarah F. , Rourk Angela R. , Collins Mark R. , Reichert Marcel J. M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus is an economically important species in South Carolina. Mummichogs are harvested commercially to be sold as baitfish and are an important prey item to many economically valuable finfishes. However, little is known about the commercial fishery and how harvesting affects local populations. This study examined the effects of simulating intensive commercial harvest of mummichogs in tidal creeks in South Carolina. Between April 2008 and January 2009, commercial minnow traps were set in five tidal creeks along the lower portion of the Ashepoo River. In three of the creeks, mummichogs were harvested as they would be in a commercial fishery. In the other two creeks, mummichogs were collected but not harvested; these creeks served as controls. In the harvest creeks, 67,487 mummichogs were collected and transported a distance of at least 760 m to finger creeks located across the Ashepoo River, where they were released. In the nonharvest creeks, 73,927 mummichogs were collected and released back at each trap location. The simulated commercial harvest had an effect on the length distribution and abundance of the mummichogs in the test creeks. Results from this study suggest that there would be effects of fishing, but populations would likely not be fished to commercial extinction as long as traps have a mesh size no smaller than that used in this study. We recommend that the regulations for the commercial fishery consist of trap design specifications as well as licensing and landings reporting so that the magnitude of the fishery can be monitored.
Anchoring Submersible Ultrasonic Receivers in River Channels with Stable Substrate
Authors: Bettoli Phillip W. , Scholten George D. , Hubbs Don W. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
We developed an anchoring system for submersible ultrasonic receivers (SURs) that we placed on the bottom of the riverine reaches of three main-stem reservoirs in the upper Tennessee River. Each anchor consisted of a steel tube (8.9 × 35.6 cm) welded vertically to a round plate of steel (5.1 × 40.6 cm). All seven SURs and their 57-kg anchors were successfully deployed and retrieved three times over 547 d by a dive team employing surface air-breathing equipment and a davit-equipped boat. All of the anchors and their SURs remained stationary over two consecutive winters on the hard-bottom, thalweg sites where they were deployed. The SUR and its anchor at the most downriver site experienced flows that exceeded 2,100 m3/s and mean water column velocities of about 0.9 m/s.
Dispersal of Smallmouth Bass from a Simulated Tournament Weigh-In Site
Authors: Kaintz Melissa A. , Bettoli Phillip W. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Simulated smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu fishing tournaments were staged in Dale Hollow Lake, a 12,400-ha reservoir in Tennessee, between March 2004 and February 2005 to investigate posttournament dispersal. Smallmouth bass (n = 54) were captured with conventional hook-and-line tackle and artificial lures, placed in live wells, and subjected to a weigh-in procedure before being externally tagged with an ultrasonic transmitter and released. Water temperatures ranged from 7.4°C to 29.3°C (mean [SE] = 17.6°C [2.5]), fish ranged in total length from 330 to 572 mm (mean = 452 [8.3]), and no fish were dead at the weigh-ins. Smallmouth bass dispersed rapidly away from the release site, which was located at the head of a 68-ha embayment. After 3–5 d, survivors (n = 44) traversed an average distance of 1,475 m [213]. Most (72%) fish swam uplake and out of the 385-ha study area after 6 d. The rapid dispersal of smallmouth bass may be relevant in systems that experience heavy tournament activity. The smallmouth bass caught and subjected to simulated tournament conditions on Dale Hollow Lake did not stockpile near the release site.
Proposed Standard Weight (Ws) Equation and Standard Length Categories for Suwannee Bass
Authors: Bonvechio Timothy F. , Bonvechio Kimberly I. , Cailteux Richard L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
We developed standard weight (Ws) equations for Suwannee bass Micropterus notius using the traditional regression-line-percentile (RLP) technique and the newer empirical-percentile (EmP) method. Length and weight data for 2,137 Suwannee bass at least 11 cm total length (TL) collected from all 10 populations within the species' narrow geographic range were used to develop the equations. The resulting Ws equations were log10 W = −5.548 + 3.303 × log10 L and log10 W = −1.014 − 0.583 × log10 L + 0.828 × (log10 L)2 (where W is weight in grams and L is TL in millimeters) for the RLP and quadratic EmP techniques, respectively. The RLP-derived Ws equation exhibited a small (&lt;4%) bias that varied by length-group but that was insignificant for management purposes. To assess fish population size structure, we also propose minimum lengths for five standard length categories of 15, 25, 30, 35, and 40 cm TL for stock, quality, preferred, memorable, and trophy sizes, respectively. Urban development and the recent introduction of nonnative species into some of these systems pose threats to the conservation of this rare black bass. Thus, the development of a Ws equation and standard length categories will aid biologists in evaluating and monitoring Suwannee bass populations as part of continuing conservation efforts.
Effects of Four Hook Removal Techniques on Feeding, Growth, and Survival of Deeply Hooked Largemouth Bass
Authors: DeBoom Corey S. , VanLandeghem Matthew M. , Wahl David H. , Siepker Michael J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides were intentionally deeply hooked using a size 2 kahle style live-bait hook and then subjected to one of four hook removal methods: hook left in place, standard removal, standard removal with a barbless hook, and a recently popularized “gill” technique whereby the hook eye is pulled behind the last gill arch and rolled to pop the barb free. Fish hooked in the oral cavity (not deeply hooked) were used as controls. Initial survival and consumption were evaluated for 6 d posthooking in tanks, whereas ponds were utilized to evaluate longer-term (up to 11 months) survival and growth. Food consumption in tanks was significantly higher for orally hooked controls and fish subjected to the gill technique than for those in the other treatments. Initial, 24-h mortality was less than 11% across treatments and was not significantly different among removal methods or orally hooked controls. No differences in growth or survival among deeply hooked fish subjected to the various removal methods or between deeply hooked fish and orally hooked controls were observed for largemouth bass held in ponds for up to 11 months. Overall, our results suggest that deeply hooked largemouth bass caught on hooks comparable to those used in our study have a similar probability of survival regardless of method of hook removal and can have rates of catch-and-release survival similar to that of fish hooked in the oral cavity.
Using Sea Turtle Carcasses to Assess the Conservation Potential of a Turtle Excluder Dredge
Authors: Smolowitz Ronald , Haas Heather , Milliken Henry O. , Weeks Matthew , Matzen Eric 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Fisheries observers have documented interactions between sea turtles in the family Cheloniidae and the Atlantic sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus fishery. Sea turtle injuries resulting from interactions with scallop dredges are being mitigated through shifts in fishing effort and modifications to fishing gear. The standard New Bedford dredge can trap objects and crush them as they pass between the dredge frame and sea floor, so a modified turtle excluder dredge has been designed to reduce the likelihood of a turtle's passing under the frame when the dredge fishes on the seafloor. The key elements of the modified design are a forward cutting bar (which results in a sloping rather than a vertical face), a reduced number of bale support bars (just the center and outer bales), extension of the outer bale bars before tapering to the gooseneck (hauling point), and a reduction in the sources of entrapment between the depressor plate and the cutting bar via reduced spacing of struts. We evaluated the ability of the modified dredge to cause live sea turtles to pass over it by using loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta carcasses as a proxy. The carcasses were placed on the seafloor in the path of a towed dredge equipped with video cameras. Nine interactions between carcasses and the modified dredge were documented on video recordings. In each of the interactions, the carcass hit the dredge and passed over the dredge frame with little or no physical damage to the recovered carcasses. These carcass studies suggest that the turtle excluder dredge reduces sea turtle injuries associated with interactions between sea turtles and scallop dredges fishing on the seafloor.
Presidential Rhetoric and Policy Outcomes: The President and the American Struggle with Heroin Abuse
Authors: Denis Philip , Whitford Andrew B 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUsing data from public statements of American presidents, we describe how much attention presidents have given to treatment as a solution to the perceived problem of increasing use of narcotics in society. The data show that treatment got the most attention during the late 1960s and early 1970s. More generally, as a solution to the problem, emphasis on treatment appears to rise during periods of high drug use and fall during years of declining use.
Delivery of a Model HIV Prevention and Health Promotion Train‐the‐Trainer Program in India by Homeopathy and Ayurveda Practitioners and Educators
Authors: Nyamathi Adeline , Khurana Anil , Singh Vijay Pal , Shrikanth N. , Taneja Divya , Choudhury Shonali M. , Fahey John L. , Nayak C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a one‐day and three‐day train‐the‐trainer HIV/AIDS program delivered to homeopathy and ayurveda practitioners and educators. Introduction: The purpose of the training was to assess (a) the change in knowledge of and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS at three and six months following the training, and (b) the number of secondary trainees trained by the primary trainees. Methods: Participants included 202 physicians of homeopathy and ayurveda in northern India. A total of 96 physicians of homeopathy and ayurveda were trained as primary trainees in the one‐day program, and 106 were trained in the three‐day program. Knowledge of and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS were measured by a modified 21‐item questionnaire. The one‐day training program covered epidemiology of the disease, transmission, and clinical presentation with a case‐study approach. The three‐day training added the social, ethical, and legal impact of being HIV‐infected along with health counselor and participant role plays. Results: Findings revealed that both the one‐day and three‐day primary trainees significantly increased their HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude scores from pretest to immediate posttest with ongoing improvement in both groups over the three‐ and six‐month period. A total of 26% of primary trainees in the one‐day program trained secondary trainees, and 36% of primary trainees in the three‐day program trained secondary trainees. Conclusions: A train‐the‐trainer approach can improve the knowledge and attitude scores of ayurveda and homeopathy practitioners and educators as well as increase the number of secondary trainees. Increasing the number of trained providers to reinforce HIV prevention messages has policy implications for the Indian System of Medicine, which serves nearly 2.5 million HIV‐infected patients.
State Infertility Insurance Law Indicators
Authors: Stabile Bonnie B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSince the birth of the first “test tube baby” in 1978, infertility treatment has gone from being seen as a scary and socially disruptive technology to a mainstream medical practice that ought to be routinely covered by medical insurance. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the adoption of infertility insurance laws in the United States. Findings suggest that the requirement for infertility insurance coverage at the state level is associated with a lower percentage of Republican state legislators and more liberal policy preferences overall. The percentage of female state legislators, and females in the labor force as a percentage of the state population, were also investigated and found not to be significant. As the costs of infertility treatment continue to be burdensome for citizens, the question of whether insurers should be required to either provide or offer coverage is likely to recur, and remains unresolved in most states. Identifying factors that are associated with the establishment of infertility insurance laws may help inform the policy process as the issue continues to be raised both in state legislatures and as a federal policy initiative.
The Continuing Importance of the Declaration of Helsinki
Authors: Brody Baruch A 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Helsinki Declaration, adopted in 1964, became a landmark document for research ethics and for the protection of human subjects. Since then, additional complexities have emerged. The advance in biomedical research protocols and medical technologies dictates further discussion of the emerging concerns in this field. This article explores the following concerns related to research with no consent given in advance, using incompetent subjects, international participation, and the role of independent research committees.
Determination of catechin and epicatechin in the peel of apple varieties resistant and non-resistant to apple scab
Authors: Gołębiowski Marek , Maliński Edmund , Szankin Małgorzata , Marszeniuk Mariusz , Paszkiewicz Monika , Stepnowski Piotr 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCatechin and epicatechin were analysed in the peel of six apple cultivars (three resistant and three non-resistant to apple scab). Two methods of analytical sample preparation following extraction were tested: solid phase extraction and column separation with Sephadex LH-20 coupled to a differential refractometric detector. Prior to GC and GC-MS analyses, these compounds were silylized. This permitted co-injection with standards and the comparison of retention values and mass spectra with those recorded for standards. The content of catechin and epicatechin in apple peel is discussed in relation to the resistance of apple trees to scab.
Synthesis of methyl acetoacetate from acetone and dimethyl carbonate with alkali-promoted MgO catalysts
Authors: Wu Dudu , Chen Zhi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of methyl acetoacetate (MAA) by methoxycarbonylation of acetone with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was carried out in the presence of MgO and alkali-promoted MgO catalysts. From among Li, Na, K, and Cs, potassium was found to be the most effective promoter to improve the activity of MgO. The effect of K/MgO with variable content of K was also investigated, and the individual catalysts were characterised by the XRD, BET, SEM, CO2-TPD, and in situ CO2 IR techniques. The results showed that the addition of a small amount of K (1.97 mass %) could promote MAA formation, but a higher K loading caused a decrease in the yield of MAA, which might result from particle agglomeration and the presence of stable potassium carbonates. In situ FTIR experiments of co-adsorbed reactants indicated that the reaction probably proceeded via abstraction of Hα from acetone by base sites.
The First Evidence of Familial Lung Cancer in Latvia by Population Screening for Hereditary Cancer
Authors: Vanags Andrejs , Grushina Jelena , Strumfa Ilze , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: August 2010

The First Evidence of Familial Lung Cancer in Latvia by Population Screening for Hereditary Cancer
Introduction. Lung cancer is the major worldwide cause of tumour lethality. Recently, the role of heredity in lung carcinogenesis has become an important scientific target. While there is ongoing search for the respective gene mutations, it was suggested that presence of at least 2 first-degree relatives with lung cancer should reveal the familial lung cancer. Aim of the study. We present the first documented evidence of familial lung cancer in Latvia by population screening data in order to improve the planning of early cancer diagnostics. Materials and methods. The investigation was designed as population screening for hereditary cancer. Family cancer history was obtained from 18642 adults in the Valka district (76.6% of the adult population). Data analysis and proband consultations were performed in Hereditary Cancer Institute. Hereditary cancer syndromes were diagnosed by clinical criteria. Results. Familial lung cancer syndrome was diagnosed in 13 probands, but suspected familial lung cancer syndrome (sFLC) - in 93 probands, corresponding to the frequency 0.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5-0.7%). The frequency of lung cancer among blood relatives was 25.5% (95% CI = 19.3-32.8%) in definitive and 17.2% (95% CI = 15.0-19.7%) in suspected syndrome groups exceeding significantly the cumulative risk for EU population. Number of affected generations was significant for sFLC. The age of cancer onset did not influence the frequency of cancer. The data about the cancer course are described. Conclusions. The high frequency of lung cancer in the identified pedigrees supports the role of familial factors in the lung carcinogenesis as well as the practical value of our diagnostic criteria helping to identify high-risk group for intervention measures to prevent lung cancer.
First Experience in Quality of Life Analysis After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Ozolins Arturs , Pavars Maris , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: August 2010

First Experience in Quality of Life Analysis After Bariatric Surgery
Introduction. The prevalence of obesity has increased markedly in the past 20 years therefore, bariatric surgery plays an important role in obesity treatment. Aim of the study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and it influence on patients' quality of life (QOL) in the management of morbid obesity. Materials and methods. 18 patients with morbid obesity underwent LAGB procedure at the Paul Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia. Data collected were: age, sex, weight, height and operation time, body mass index (BMI), excessive body weight (EBW) and comorbidities. Patients fulfilled general Short Form Health Survey with 36 questions before operation (a), 6 month (b) and 12 month (c) after operation. License was acquired for SF-36v2® use in the study. Results. The mean ± SD age of patients was 42.5 ± 11.8 years (25-63) with 83.3% of them female. The mean ± SD weight was 133.7 ± 20.3 kg (104-176), mean ± SD height 168.7 ± 9.4 cm (155-189) and mean BMI 46.2 ± 6.6 kg/m2 (36.8-58.8). The mean ± SD weight at 6 month follow up was 113.5 ± 17.8 kg (p=0.001). The postoperative mean BMI at 6 month follow up was 39.32 ± 6.1 kg/m2 (p=0.001). The mean percentage of excessive body weight (EBW) loss at 6 months was 30.4%. QOL life was higher after operation (b, c) comparing to preoperative data (a), but there were no statistically significant difference in any of the scales Conclusions. The efficacy of LAGB surgery in long-term is still uncertain, but our early results are comparable to other series. To determine the true efficacy of LAGB in weight control and impact on QOL, a longer follow-up period is necessary, more cases to analyze and data from control group of general population. Our findings suggest that life quality questionnaire SF-36v2® is good tool to measure patient's quality of life before and after operation, to discuss effectiveness of operations techniques and to observe quality of life dynamics.