bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to the Chinese Famine in Early Life and the Risk of Hyperglycemia and Type 2 Diabetes in Adulthood
Authors: Li Yanping , He Yuna , Qi Lu , Jaddoe Vincent W. , Feskens Edith J.M. , Yang Xiaoguang , Ma Guansheng , Hu Frank B. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
Early developmental adaptations in response to undernutrition may play an essential role in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes, particularly for those experiencing a “mismatched rich nutritional environment” in later life. We examined the associations of exposure to the Chinese famine (1959–1961) during fetal life and childhood with the risk of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes in adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used the data for 7,874 rural adults born between 1954 and 1964 in selected communities from the cross-sectional 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. Hyperglycemia was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥6.1 mmol/l and/or 2-h plasma glucose ≥7.8 mmol/l and/or a previous clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS
Prevalences of hyperglycemia among adults in nonexposed, fetal exposed, early-childhood, mid-childhood, and late-childhood exposed cohorts were 2.4%, 5.7%, 3.9%, 3.4%, and 5.9%, respectively. In severely affected famine areas, fetal-exposed subjects had an increased risk of hyperglycemia compared with nonexposed subjects (odds ratio = 3.92; 95% CI: 1.64–9.39; P = 0.002); this difference was not observed in less severely affected famine areas (odds ratio = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.25–1.31; P = 0.185). The odds ratios were significantly different between groups from the severe and less severe famine areas (P for interaction = 0.001). In severely affected famine areas, fetal-exposed subjects who followed an affluent/Western dietary pattern (odds ratios = 7.63; 95% CI: 2.41–24.1; P = 0.0005) or who had a higher economic status in later life experienced a substantially elevated risk of hyperglycemia (odds ratios = 6.20; 95% CI: 2.08–18.5; P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Fetal exposure to the severe Chinese famine increases the risk of hyperglycemia in adulthood. This association appears to be exacerbated by a nutritionally rich environment in later life.
One-axis molecular rotation and phonon scattering in solid C2H6 and C2F6
Authors: Pursky Oleg , Konstantinov Vyacheslav 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Using solid C2H6 and C2F6 as an example, the one-axis molecular rotation effect on thermal conductivity has been considered in orientationally-ordered (OO) and orientationally-disordered (OD) phases of simple molecular crystals. The influence of molecular rotation on the heat transfer processes has been studied by a modified method of reduced coordinates, which permitted separating phonon-phonon and phonon-rotation contributions to the total thermal resistance.
A theoretical model for the collective motion of proteins by means of principal component analysis
Authors: Kamberaj Hiqmet 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A coarse grained model in the frame work of principal component analysis is presented. We used a bath of harmonic oscillators approach, based on classical mechanics, to derive the generalized Langevin equations of motion for the collective coordinates. The dynamics of the protein collective coordinates derived from molecular dynamics simulations have been studied for the Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor. We analyzed the stability of the method by studying structural fluctuations of the Ca atoms obtained from a 20 ns molecular dynamics simulation. Subsequently, the dynamics of the collective coordinates of protein were characterized by calculating the dynamical friction coefficient and diffusion coefficients along with time-dependent correlation functions of collective coordinates. A dual diffusion behavior was observed with a fast relaxation time of short diffusion regime 0.2–0.4 ps and slow relaxation time of long diffusion about 1–2 ps. In addition, we observed a power law decay of dynamical friction coefficient with exponent for the first five collective coordinates varying from −0.746 to −0.938 for the real part and from −0.528 to −0.665 for its magnitude. It was found that only the first ten collective coordinates are responsible for configuration transitions occurring on time scale longer than 50 ps.
Rhabdochona ictaluri sp. nov. (Nematoda, Rhabdochonidae) from ictalurid catfishes in Mexico
Authors: Aguilar-Aguilar Rogelio , Rosas-Valdez Rogelio , León Gerardo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new species of Rhabdochona is described as a parasite of two endemic species of catfishes (Ictalurus dugesii and Ictalurus pricei) from two river basins in central and northern Mexico (Río Ameca and Río Tunal). Rhabdochona ictaluri sp. nov. is characterized by a combination of morphological traits that include the presence of basal teeth, bifurcated deirids, absence of a dorsal barb in left spicule and length ratio between spicules. The combination of these traits readily distinguishes the new species from all its congeners, including those species possessing 14 teeth in the prostom. The new species appears to be specific to freshwater ictalurids.
Two thousand parasites on a single ray: An infection with two species of skin monogeneans on a blotched fantail ray kept in an aquarium
Authors: Justine Jean-Lou , Grugeaud Adeline , Keller Florent , Leblanc Philippe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA blotched fantail ray, Taeniurops meyeni (Müller et Henle, 1841), was captured in New Caledonia, South Pacific, and kept in a tank for quarantine before exhibition at the Nouméa public aquarium. After 24 days, the ray exhibited a heavy infection with two species of skin monogeneans. A freshwater bath allowed the collection of 1,914 monogeneans, including 1,453 capsalids, Neoentobdella taiwanensis Whittington et Kearn, 2009, on the ventral surface, and 461 monocotylids, Dendromonocotyle pipinna Chisholm et Whittington, 2004, on the dorsal surface. More than 300 monogeneans were prepared on slides to allow precise measurements. Capsalids and monocotylids occupied about 6% and 0.2% of the total ventral and dorsal ray surfaces, respectively.
Redescription of Lemuricola (Madoxyuris) bauchoti (Nematoda, Oxyuridae) from Lemur catta in Madagascar
Authors: Rosario Robles María , Loudon James , Kinsella John , Hunter-Ishikawa Mandala , Miller David , Sauther Michelle , Cuozzo Frank 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLemuricola (Madoxyuris) bauchoti Chabaud, Brygoo et Petter, 1965 is redescribed from material collected from the ring-tailed lemur, Lemur catta, from the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve in Madagascar using the scanning electron microscope. This is a new host record and the first oxyurid reported from the ring-tailed lemur. Previously, records of each species of the subgenus Madoxyuris have been restricted to a single host species, but the close relationship between these nematodes and their Strepsirrhini hosts will only be proven when additional records fill in the gaps in their distribution.
Gyrodactylids (Gyrodactylidae, Monogenea) infecting Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (L.) and O. mossambicus (Peters) (Cichlidae): A pan-global survey
Authors: García-Vásquez Adriana , Hansen Haakon , Christison Kevin , Rubio-Godoy Miquel , Bron James , Shinn Andrew 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGyrodactylus infections in intensively-reared populations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus niloticus, have been associated world-wide with high mortalities of juvenile fish. In this study, 26 populations of Gyrodactylus parasitising either O. n. niloticus or Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were sampled from fourteen countries and compared with type material of Gyrodactylus cichlidarum Paperna, 1968, Gyrodactylus niloticus (syn. of G. cichlidarum) and Gyrodactylus shariffi Cone, Arthur et Bondad-Reantaso, 1995. Representative specimens from each population were bisected, each half being used for morphological and molecular analyses. Principal component analyses (PCA) identified five distinct clusters: (1) a cluster representing G. cichlidarum collected from O. n. niloticus from 13 countries; (2) the G. shariffi paratype; (3) three specimens with pronounced ventral bar processes collected from two populations of Mexican O. n. niloticus (Gyrodactylus sp. 1); (4) four specimens collected from an Ethiopian population nominally identified as O. n. niloticus (Gyrodactylus sp. 2); (5) nine gyrodactylids from South African O. mossambicus (Gyrodactylus sp. 3). Molecular analyses comparing the sequence of the ribosomal transcribed spacer regions (ITS 1 and 2) and the 5.8S gene from the non-hook bearing half of worms representative for each population and for each cluster of parasites, confirmed the presence of G. cichlidarum in most samples analysed. Molecular data also confirmed that the DNA sequence of Gyrodactylus sp. 2 and Gyrodactylus sp. 3 (the morphologically-cryptic group of South African specimens from O. mossambicus) differed from that of G. cichlidarum and therefore represent new species; no sequences were obtained from Gyrodactylus sp. 1. The current study demonstrates that G. cichlidarum is the dominant species infecting O. n. niloticus, being found in 13 of the 15 countries sampled.
GB virus C coinfection in advanced HIV type-1 disease is associated with low CCR5 and CXCR4 surface expression on CD4+ T-cells
Authors: Schwarze-Zander Carolynne , Neibecker Markus , Othman Sabrina , Tural Cristina , Clotet Bonaventura , Blackard Jason T , Kupfer Bernd , Luechters Guido , Chung Ray T , Rockstroh Jürgen K , Spengler Ulrich 
Published: July 2010

Background Coinfection with the flavivirus GB virus C (GBV-C) is frequent in patients suffering from HIV type-1 (HIV-1) infection because of shared routes of transmission. GBV-C coinfection has been proposed to exert a beneficial influence on HIV-1 infection. In vitro studies demonstrated down-regulation of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) as a potential mechanism by which GBV-C modulates HIV-1 disease progression. We therefore studied surface expression of the two major HIV-1 coreceptors, CCR5 and CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in 128 HIV-1-positive patients stratified with respect to their GBV-C status, immune function and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) status in vivo. Methods GBV-C infection was studied in 128 HIV-1-infected patients by nested reverse transcriptase PCR. Fluorescence- activated cell sorting analysis was used to measure CCR5 and CXCR4 surface expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Results GBV-C RNA replication was detected in 30% (38/128) of patients. In HIV-1-positive patients with advanced immunodeficiency, we found up-regulation of CCR5 surface expression on CD4+ T-cells; however, in patients with GBV-C coinfection, no up-regulation of CCR5 CD4+ T-cells was detected. Furthermore, CXCR4 surface expression was reduced in GBV-C-coinfected patients. These findings were independent of HAART status and HIV-1 viral load. HIV-1 coreceptor expression on CD8+ T-cells was not altered in patients with GBV-C coinfection. Conclusions GBV-C coinfection in HIV-1 disease leads to reduced expression of the two major HIV-1 coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, on CD4+ T-cells in patients at an advanced stage of immunodeficiency, providing a possible molecular explanation for the clinical benefit of GBV-C coinfection in late-stage HIV-1 disease.
CD45 Regulates Migration, Proliferation, and Progression of Double Negative 1 Thymocytes
Authors: Lai Jacqueline C. Y. , Wlodarska Marta , Liu David J. , Abraham Ninan , Johnson Pauline 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that is expressed on all nucleated hematopoietic cells, from stem cells to memory cells. Although its function in regulating the threshold of Ag receptor signaling is well established, its role in other leukocytes, particularly progenitor cells, is not well defined. In this study, we find CD45 affects early thymocyte development. Examination of the CD4−CD8− double negative (DN) populations revealed a significant reduction in the DN1 population, in both the numbers of CD117+ DN1 cells (the early thymocyte progenitors) and the CD117− DN1 cells in the thymus of CD45−/− mice. There was also a reduced frequency of CCR9+ Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells and common lymphoid progenitors in the CD45−/− bone marrow. Competitive bone marrow reconstitution showed a reduced contribution of DN1 cells from CD45−/− cells, consistent with an intrinsic defect in these cells. CD45−/− DN1 cells exhibited reduced proliferation in vivo and reduced CXCL12-mediated migration in vitro. The loss of CD45 led to the accumulation of an intermediate DN1.5 thymocyte population in vivo that was dependent on Notch for progression. In vivo, CD117− DN1 cells gave rise to γδ T cells. In vitro, CD117− DN1 cells progressed to DN4 on OP9-DL1 cells but CD117− DN1 cells lacking CD45 did not. CD45−/− CD117− DN1 cells were also deficient in TCRβ expression. Thus, CD45 deficiency affects the development and progression of DN1 thymocytes.
Respiratory Virus-Induced TLR7 Activation Controls IL-17–Associated Increased Mucus via IL-23 Regulation
Authors: Lukacs Nicholas W. , Smit Joost J. , Mukherjee Sumanta , Morris Susan B. , Nunez Gabriel , Lindell Dennis M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), negative strand ssRNA virus, depends upon the ability to recognize specific pathogen-associated targets. In the current study, the role of TLR7 that recognizes ssRNA was examined. Using TLR7−/− mice, we found that the response to RSV infection in the lung was more pathogenic as assessed by significant increases in inflammation and mucus production. Although there appeared to be no effect of TLR7 deficiency on type I IFN, the pathology was associated with an alteration in T cell responses with increases in mucogenic cytokines IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17. Examination of dendritic cells from TLR7−/− animals indicated a preferential activation of IL-23 (a Th17-promoting cytokine) and a decrease in IL-12 production. Neutralization of IL-17 in the TLR7−/− mice resulted in a significant decrease in the mucogenic response in the lungs of the RSV-infected mice. Thus, without TLR7-mediated responses, an altered immune environment ensued with a significant effect on airway epithelial cell remodeling and goblet cell hyper/metaplasia, leading to increased mucus production.
Primed Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells Are Required for NK Cell Activation In Vivo upon Leishmania major Infection
Authors: Bihl Franck , Pecheur Julien , Bréart Béatrice , Poupon Gwenola , Cazareth Julie , Julia Valérie , Glaichenhaus Nicolas , Braud Véronique M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The ability of NK cells to rapidly produce IFN-γ is an important innate mechanism of resistance to many pathogens including Leishmania major. Molecular and cellular components involved in NK cell activation in vivo are still poorly defined, although a central role for dendritic cells has been described. In this study, we demonstrate that Ag-specific CD4+ T cells are required to initiate NK cell activation early on in draining lymph nodes of L. major-infected mice. We show that early IFN-γ secretion by NK cells is controlled by IL-2 and IL-12 and is dependent on CD40/CD40L interaction. These findings suggest that newly primed Ag-specific CD4+ T cells could directly activate NK cells through the secretion of IL-2 but also indirectly through the regulation of IL-12 secretion by dendritic cells. Our results reveal an unappreciated role for Ag-specific CD4+ T cells in the initiation of NK cell activation in vivo upon L. major infection and demonstrate bidirectional regulations between innate and adaptive immunity.
In-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation (I–HOPE)
Authors: Stark Susan L. , Somerville Emily K. , Morris John C. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We describe the development and preliminary psychometric properties of an assessment to quantify the magnitude of an environmental barrier’s influence on occupational performance.
METHOD. The assessment was developed and then piloted on a group of 77 older adults before and after an occupational therapy intervention focused on environmental barrier removal. Refinements were made to the assessment before it was evaluated for interrater reliability in a sample of 10 older adults using 2 raters.
RESULTS. The In-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation (I–HOPE) is a performance-based measure that evaluates 44 activities in the home. The 4 subscales of Activity Participation, Client’s Rating of Performance, Client’s Satisfaction With Performance, and Severity of Environmental Barriers are sensitive to change in the environment. The subscales’ internal consistency from .77 to .85, and intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from .99 to 1.0.
CONCLUSION. This preliminary study suggests that the I–HOPE is a psychometrically sound instrument that can be used to examine person–environment fit in the home.
Development of a Community Mobility Skills Course for People Who Use Mobility Devices
Authors: Walker Kimberly A. , Morgan Kerri A. , Morris Carrie L. , DeGroot Keri K. , Hollingsworth Holly H. , Gray David B. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We assessed mobility device skills in a lived-in environment on a community mobility skills course (CMSC) and related those skills to previously demonstrated skills in a controlled environment on an inside mobility skills course (IMSC).
METHOD. Six mobility device users were selected from 91 adults who had previously completed the IMSC. Each of the following device groups was represented: power wheelchair, manual wheelchair, scooter, cane, crutch, and walker. CMSC tasks were modified from IMSC tasks and designed using materials in the community.
RESULTS. All participants completed at least half of the CMSC tasks faster than they completed the corresponding IMSC tasks. The number of tasks on which participants improved and the amount of improvement varied by difficulty of task and mobility device used.
CONCLUSION. Some mobility device skills used in controlled environments appear to transfer to community settings; others do not. Skills required for community participation may partially depend on mobility device used.
Reliability and Validity of the Children’s Leisure Assessment Scale
Authors: Rosenblum Sara , Sachs Dalia , Schreuer Naomi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVE. We examined the internal consistency and construct validity of the Children’s Leisure Assessment Scale (CLASS), which measures multidimensional participation in children’s and adolescents’ leisure activities.METHOD. The questionnaire’s content and face validity were first established, followed by a factor analysis of the CLASS’s frequency domain of the responses of 249 children and adolescents. Internal consistency was evaluated for each of the factors, and construct validity was established by examining gender differences.RESULTS. The factors showed acceptable levels of internal reliability (Cronbach’s α ranged from .57 to .83). We found that girls participated in significantly more self-enrichment activities and instrumental indoor activities, with greater preference. However, boys participated in significantly more games and sports activities.CONCLUSION. The CLASS shows good internal reliability and may be useful in the future as a clinical and research tool in occupational therapy for evaluating leisure activities among typically developing children and adolescents.
Effect of Seated Position on Upper-Extremity Access to Augmentative Communication for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Costigan F. Aileen , Light Janice 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVE. Our goal in this study was to determine the effect of seated position on upper-extremity access to augmentative communication for a child with cerebral palsy.METHOD. A single-subject ABAB design was used with one 5-yr-old participant. We compared accuracy and speed of selection of targets on a speech-generating device in the participant’s typical position and in an intervention position. The intervention position conformed to current clinical conventions and research on promoting upper-extremity movement. The intervention position was achieved through simple modifications to the participant’s typical seating.RESULTS. Accuracy of target selection was moderately improved in the intervention position compared with the typical position.CONCLUSION. Results provide preliminary empirical evidence of the positive effects of functional seating on access to augmentative communication for children with cerebral palsy. Further research is required to confirm the positive effect of the intervention position across other people who use augmentative communication.
Mental Health Evidence in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy
Authors: D’Amico Mariana , Jaffe Lynn , Gibson Robert W. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We reviewed the mental health articles published in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) from 2008 through 2009 in light of meeting the Centennial Vision charge of supporting practice through evidence. Seven articles that addressed mental health practice were published in AJOT over these years. Review of the articles found that only two addressed effectiveness of occupational therapy intervention; one was rated as Level II evidence, and the other was rated as Level V evidence. Two articles addressed instrument development and testing. Three articles were basic research studies that expanded consideration about the needs of people with mental health conditions. Scholars and clinicians have begun to embrace the charge of the Centennial Vision to support practice with evidence and continue to embrace mental health practice but have a distance to travel. We hope that in the coming years, the profession will see more evidence published in AJOT supporting mental health as practiced by occupational therapists.
Biomimetic Approach to Confer Redox Activity to Thin Chitosan Films
Authors: Kim Eunkyoung , Liu Yi , Shi Xiao‐Wen , Yang Xiaohua , Bentley William E. , Payne Gregory F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractElectron transfer in biology occurs with individual or pairs of electrons, and is often mediated by catechol/o‐quinone redox couples. Here, a biomimetic polysaccharide‐catecholic film is fabricated in two steps. First, the stimuli‐responsive polysaccharide chitosan is electrodeposited as a permeable film. Next, the chitosan‐coated electrode is immersed in a solution containing catechol and the electrode is biased to anodically‐oxidize the catechol. The oxidation products covalently graft to the chitosan films as evidenced by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) studies. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements demonstrate that the catechol‐modified chitosan films are redox‐active although they are non‐conducting and cannot directly transfer electrons to the underlying electrode. The catechol‐modified chitosan films serve as a localized source or sink of electrons that can be transferred to soluble mediators (e.g., ferrocene dimethanol and Ru(NH3) 6Cl3). This electron source/sink is finite, can be depleted, but can be repeatedly regenerated by brief (30 s) electrochemical treatments. Further, the catechol‐modified chitosan films can i) amplify currents associated with the soluble mediators, ii) partially‐rectify these currents in either oxidative or reductive directions (depending on the mediator), and iii) switch between regenerated‐ON and depleted‐OFF states. Physical models are proposed to explain these novel redox properties and possible precedents from nature are discussed.