bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective evaluation of hemoptysis cases in a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Uzun Oğuz , Atasoy Yıldız , Findik Serhat , Atici Atilla Güven , Erkan Levent 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Hemoptysis is symptomatic of a potentially serious and life‐threatening thoracic disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative frequency of the different causes of hemoptysis, the change of the frequency of diseases, the value of the evaluation process and the outcome in a tertiary referral hospital.Methods:  A prospective study was carried out on consecutive patients presented with hemoptysis.Results:  A total of 178 patients (136 male, 42 female) were included to the study. Lung cancer (51), pulmonary embolism (23) and bronchiectasis (23) constituted most of the diagnosis. The most frequent cause of hemoptysis in males was by far lung carcinoma (50). Twelve cases of bronchiectasis and 11 cases of pulmonary embolism were observed in females. While lung cancer and pulmonary embolism were associated with mild to moderate amounts of bleeding (84% and 100%, respectively), patients with active tuberculosis and pulmonary vasculitis had severe to massive hemoptysis (50% and 44%, respectively). Transthoracic and other organ biopsies, spiral computed tomography (CT) angiography (X pres/GX model TSX‐002a, Toshiba, Tochigi Ken, Japan) and aortography yielded high diagnostic results in our group (100%, 67%, 59% and 100%, respectively). The most frequent final diagnosis in patients with normal chest radiograph was pulmonary embolism (seven cases).Conclusions:  Lung cancer, pulmonary embolism and bronchiectasis were the main causes of hemoptysis in this prospective cohort; however, this is the first report showing pulmonary embolism as a leading cause of hemoptysis. CT angiography with high‐resolution CT should be the primary diagnostic modality if the initial investigation is inconclusive in hemoptysis cases.Please cite this paper as: Uzun O, Atasoy Y, Findik S, Atici AG and Erkan L. A prospective evaluation of hemoptysis cases in a tertiary referral hospital. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2010; 4: 131–138.
The Need for a Holistic Approach to Specialized Domestic Violence Court Programming: Evaluating Offender Rehabilitation Needs and Recidivism
Authors: Pitts Wayne J. , Givens Eugena , McNeeley Susan 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThis quasi‐experimental historical outcome study is based on the Domestic Violence Repeat Offender Program (DVROP) housed within the Bernalillo County Metropolitan Court in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The treatment group includes data for 100 male domestic violence offenders collected between July 1, 2004 and November 30, 2006. A strictly matched group of 100 males who were technically eligible but who were not served by the DVROP made up the comparison. Using NCIC data as an outcome measure, the results of the study show that DVROP participants are significantly less likely to receive subsequent charges for domestic violence, other violent offenses, or any other criminal offense. The study draws conclusions about the extensive collateral needs of the offender population and draws attention to the need for a holistic approach to special offender populations.
Low‐Risk Youths Referred to Pima County Juvenile Court Center Detention Intake: Needs, Detention, and Recidivism
Authors: Frola Margaret 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTDelinquent youths who were low risk to re‐offend were the subject of this study. It was hypothesized that these youths would have high levels of need (e.g., mental illness) and that detention would lead to increased recidivism. Demographic and social factors, delinquency history, and recidivism data were analyzed, producing four major findings: low‐risk youths have high needs, low‐risk youths recidivate at high rates, unaddressed needs increase the likelihood of detention and recidivism, and behavioral health needs were among the strongest predictors of recidivism. The factors that lead to recidivism are discussed, and suggestions for improving outcomes are also presented.
Spatial and temporal diversity of methanotrophs in a landfill cover soil are differentially related to soil abiotic factors
Authors: Kumaresan Deepak , Abell Guy C. J. , Bodrossy Levente , Stralis‐Pavese Nancy , Murrell J. Colin 
Published: August 2009

SummaryMethanotrophs present in landfill cover soil can limit methane emissions from landfill sites by oxidizing methane produced in landfill. Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of populations of methanotrophs and the factors influencing their activity and diversity in landfill cover soil is critical to devise better landfill cover soil management strategies. pmoA‐based microarray analyses of methanotroph community structure revealed a temporal shift in methanotroph populations across different seasons. Type II methanotrophs (particularly Methylocystis sp.) were found to be present across all seasons. Minor shifts in type I methanotroph populations were observed. In the case of spatial distribution, only minor differences in methanotroph community structure were observed with no recognizable patterns (both vertical and horizontal) at a 5 m scale. Correlation analysis between soil abiotic parameters (total C, N, NH4+, NO3‐ and water content) and distribution of methanotrophs revealed a lack of conclusive evidence for any distinct correlation pattern between measured abiotic parameters and methanotroph community structure, suggesting that complex interactions of several physico‐chemical parameters shape methanotroph diversity and activity in landfill cover soils.
Activity and structure of methanotrophic communities in landfill cover soils
Authors: Gebert Julia , Singh Brajesh Kumar , Pan Yao , Bodrossy Levente 
Published: August 2009

SummaryThe composition of the methanotrophic community in soil covers on five landfills in Northern and Eastern Germany was investigated by means of diagnostic microarray and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP), both targeting the pmoA gene of methanotrophs. Physical and chemical properties of the 15 sampled soil profiles varied greatly, thus providing for very different environmental conditions. The potential methane oxidation activity, assessed using undisturbed soil cores, varied between 0.2 and 28 µg CH4 gdw−1 h−1, the latter amounting to 426 g CH4 m−2 h−1. Total nitrogen was found to be the soil variable correlating most strongly with methanotrophic activity. Explaining close to 50% of the observed variability, this indicates that on the investigated sites activity and thus abundance of methanotrophs may have been nitrogen‐limited. Variables that enhance organic matter and thus nitrogen accumulation, such as field capacity, also positively impacted methanotrophic activity. In spite of the great variability of soil properties and different geographic landfill location, both microarray and T‐RFLP analysis suggested that the composition of the methanotrophic community on all five sites, in all profiles and across all depths was similar. Methylocystis, Methylobacter and Methylococcus species, including Methylococcus‐related uncultivated methanotrophs, were predominantly detected among type II, Ia and Ib methanotrophs, respectively. This indicates that the high methane fluxes typical for landfill environments may be the most influential driver governing the community composition, or other variables not analysed in this study. Principal component analysis suggested that community diversity is most influenced by the site from which the samples were taken and second, from the location on the individual sites, i.e. the soil profile. Landfill and individual profiles reflect the combined impact of all effective variables, including those that were not measured in this study.
Strategic Reading, Ontologies, and the Future of Scientific Publishing
Authors: Renear Allen H. , Palmer Carole L. 
Published: August 2009

Strategic ReadingScanning the scientific literature these days is more akin to flicking through TV channels and trying to watch everything at once. Often the outcome of the scan will not have located any specific paper and it is unlikely to have involved any in-depth reading, but it achieves an undefined “assimilation” of knowledge from a melange of titles and abstracts, tables, indexes, databases, and figures.Renear and Palmer(p.828) review how scientists use new forms of the “literature” and how the ascendance of novel computing technologies will combine to revolutionize the way scientific data is accessed, synthesized, and turned to practical use.
Inhibition of the Multiplication of
Mycobacterium leprae
by Vaccination with a Recombinant
M. bovis
BCG Strain That Secretes Major Membrane Protein II in Mice
Authors: Maeda Y. , Tamura T. , Matsuoka M. , Makino M. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT

The ability of a recombinant
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG strain that secretes major membrane protein II (MMP-II) of
Mycobacterium leprae
(BCG-SM) to confer protection against leprosy was evaluated by use of a mouse footpad model. C57BL/6J mice intradermally inoculated with BCG-SM produced splenic T cells which secreted significant amounts of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in response to either the recombinant MMP-II, the
M. leprae
-derived membrane fraction, or the BCG-derived cytosolic fraction in vitro more efficiently than those from the mice infected with the vector control BCG strain (BCG-pMV, a BCG strain containing pMV-261). A higher percentage of CD8
+
T cells obtained from BCG-SM-inoculated mice than those obtained from BCG-pMV-inoculated mice produced intracellular IFN-γ on restimulation with the
M. leprae
antigens. BCG-SM inhibited the multiplication of
M. leprae
in the footpads of C57BL/6J mice more efficiently than BCG-pMV. These results indicate that a BCG strain that secretes MMP-II could be a better vaccine candidate for leprosy.
Lysine Gingipain (kgp) Biovars ofPorphyromonas gingivalisExhibit Differential Distribution on Oral Mucosal Sites
Authors: Nadkarni Mangala A. , Chhour Kim-Ly , Browne Gina , Jacques Nicholas A. , Hunter Neil 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTA predominantkgpbiovar colonized subgingival sites and buccal and tongue mucosa in 45 of 56 adults in an isolated community. The presence of biovars 381, W83, and W83v, but not HG66, correlated with thePorphyromonas gingivalisload at diseased sites. Biovars W83 and W83v poorly colonized tongue and buccal mucosa.
Molecular Identification of
Aspergillus
Species Collected for the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network
Authors: Balajee S. Arunmozhi , Kano Rui , Baddley John W. , Moser Stephen A. , Marr Kieren A. , Alexander Barbara D. , Andes David , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Perrone Giancarlo , Peterson Stephen , Brandt Mary E. , Pappas Peter G. , Chiller Tom 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT

A large aggregate collection of clinical isolates of aspergilli (
n
= 218) from transplant patients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis was available from the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network, a 6-year prospective surveillance study. To determine the
Aspergillus
species distribution in this collection, isolates were subjected to comparative sequence analyses by use of the internal transcribed spacer and β-tubulin regions.
Aspergillus fumigatus
was the predominant species recovered, followed by
A. flavus
and
A. niger
. Several newly described species were identified, including
A. lentulus
and
A. calidoustus
; both species had high in vitro MICs to multiple antifungal drugs.
Aspergillus tubingensis
, a member of the
A. niger
species complex, is described from clinical specimens; all
A. tubingensis
isolates had low in vitro MICs to antifungal drugs.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
DNA Load in Blood as a Marker of Infection in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Peters Remco P. H. , de Boer Richard F. , Schuurman Tim , Gierveld Sonja , Kooistra-Smid Mirjam , van Agtmael Michiel A. , Vandenbroucke-Grauls Christina M. J. E. , Persoons Maike C. J. , Savelkoul Paul H. M. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT

Direct detection of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
DNA in blood adds to culture results in the etiological diagnosis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Quantification of the amount of DNA, the bacterial DNA load (BDL), provides a measurement of DNAemia that may increase the understanding of the clinical relevance of
S. pneumoniae
DNA in blood. We evaluated the
S. pneumoniae
BDL as a diagnostic tool in adult patients with CAP. The BDL was determined in whole-blood samples collected simultaneously with blood for culture from 45 adult patients with CAP. After DNA extraction,
S. pneumoniae
DNA was detected with specific real-time PCR amplification, and the BDL was calculated with a standard curve. PCR and microbiological results were compared, and the BDL was related to clinical and laboratory parameters.
S. pneumoniae
DNA was detected in 10/13 patients with positive blood cultures and in 67% of patients with microbiologically confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia. The positive predictive values of the receiver operating characteristic curves for the BDLs for pneumococcal infection (100%) and pneumococcal bacteremia (69%) were higher than those for the level of C-reactive protein (CRP; 43% and 23%, respectively) and the white blood cell count (WBC; 42% and 35%, respectively); the negative predictive values of these three parameters were in the same range (±90 and ±97%, respectively). The BDL was higher in patients presenting with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and in patients with bacteremia. Positive correlations were observed for the BDL with WBC, CRP level, and length of stay. We conclude that the BDL supports the diagnosis of
S. pneumoniae
infection in patients with CAP and provides a putative marker of the severity of disease.
Transformation at Foster's (A), (B) and (C)
Authors: Lewis Geoffrey , Zalan Tatiana 
Published: August 2009

Foster's Group is an Australia-based global alcoholic beverages company which produces a wide range of beer and wine. Case (A), set in February 2008, opens up with damning media reports, questioning the ability of Foster's CEO Trevor O'Hoy to deliver satisfying financial performance. The case then traces the evolution of Foster's Group, originally a beer company, and outlines its strategy of internationalisation (in North America, the U.K. and Asia) and corporate strategy based on diversifying acquisitions in wine. The case's focus is on the last two decades of Foster's growth under the leadership of two CEOs — Ted Kunkel and Trevor O'Hoy. Case (A) describes the difficulties Trevor O'Hoy experienced in integrating the acquisitions of Beringer (U.S.) and Southcorp (Australia) and pushing a "One Foster's" multi-beverage strategy. Cases (B) and (C), set in June and July of 2008, provide follow-up information. Trevor O'Hoy resigns, and Foster's Board of Directors urgently needs to sort out the company's future strategy and succession. The case allows the students to examine central issues in corporate and international strategy, namely internationalisation of a leading domestic company and issues of international acquisitions; corporate strategy, with a focus on diversifying acquisitions, post-merger integration and synergies; and corporate governance issues and the role of the Board in strategy.
Regimes of the North Australian Wet Season
Authors: Pope Mick , Jakob Christian , Reeder Michael J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The variability of the north Australian wet season is examined by performing cluster analysis on the wind and thermodynamic information contained in the 2300 UTC radiosonde data at Darwin for 49 wet seasons (September–April) from 1957/58 to 2005/06. Five objectively derived regimes of the wet season are obtained and are found to differ significantly in their synoptic environment, cloud patterns, and rainfall distributions. One regime is primarily associated with the trade wind regime. Two regimes are associated with the lead up to and break periods of the monsoon at Darwin. A fourth regime is clearly identified with the active monsoon at Darwin and is offered as a definition of monsoon onset. This regime captures the active monsoon environment associated with significant widespread rainfall. The fifth regime is a mixed regime, with some days associated with the inactive monsoon, a period of westerly zonal winds at Darwin associated with relatively suppressed convection compared with the active monsoon. Other days for this regime are break period conditions with a low-level westerly flow below 900 hPa.
Simulations of the 2004 North American Monsoon: NAMAP2
Authors: Gutzler D. S. , Long L. N. , Schemm J. , Roy S. Baidya , Bosilovich M. , Collier J. C. , Kanamitsu M. , Kelly P. , Lawrence D. , Lee M.-I. , Sánchez R. Lobato , Mapes B. , Mo K. , Nunes A. , Ritchie E. A. , Roads J. , Schubert S. , Wei H. , Zhang G. J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The second phase of the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) Model Assessment Project (NAMAP2) was carried out to provide a coordinated set of simulations from global and regional models of the 2004 warm season across the North American monsoon domain. This project follows an earlier assessment, called NAMAP, that preceded the 2004 field season of the North American Monsoon Experiment. Six global and four regional models are all forced with prescribed, time-varying ocean surface temperatures. Metrics for model simulation of warm season precipitation processes developed in NAMAP are examined that pertain to the seasonal progression and diurnal cycle of precipitation, monsoon onset, surface turbulent fluxes, and simulation of the low-level jet circulation over the Gulf of California. Assessment of the metrics is shown to be limited by continuing uncertainties in spatially averaged observations, demonstrating that modeling and observational analysis capabilities need to be developed concurrently. Simulations of the core subregion (CORE) of monsoonal precipitation in global models have improved since NAMAP, despite the lack of a proper low-level jet circulation in these simulations. Some regional models run at higher resolution still exhibit the tendency observed in NAMAP to overestimate precipitation in the CORE subregion; this is shown to involve both convective and resolved components of the total precipitation. The variability of precipitation in the Arizona/New Mexico (AZNM) subregion is simulated much better by the regional models compared with the global models, illustrating the importance of transient circulation anomalies (prescribed as lateral boundary conditions) for simulating precipitation in the northern part of the monsoon domain. This suggests that seasonal predictability derivable from lower boundary conditions may be limited in the AZNM subregion.
Regional, Seasonal, and Diurnal Variations of Extreme Convection in the South Asian Region
Authors: Romatschke Ulrike , Medina Socorro , Houze Robert A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTemporal and spatial variations of convection in South Asia are analyzed using eight years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) data and NCEP reanalysis fields. To identify the most extreme convective features, three types of radar echo structures are defined: deep convective cores (contiguous 3D convective echo ≥40 dBZ extending ≥10 km in height) represent the most vertically penetrative convection, wide convective cores (contiguous convective ≥40 dBZ echo over a horizontal area ≥1000 km2) indicate wide regions of intense multicellular convection, and broad stratiform regions (stratiform echo contiguous over an area ≥50 000 km2) mark the mesoscale convective systems that have developed the most robust stratiform regions.The preferred locations of deep convective cores change markedly from India’s east coast in the premonsoon to the western Himalayan foothills in the monsoon. They form preferentially in the evening and over land as near-surface moist flow is capped by dry air aloft. Continental wide convective cores show a similar behavior with an additional nocturnal peak during the monsoon along the Himalayan foothills that is associated with convergence of downslope flow from the Himalayas with moist monsoonal winds at the foothills. The oceanic wide convective cores have a relatively weak diurnal cycle with a midday maximum. Convective systems exhibiting broad stratiform regions occur primarily in the rainiest season and regions—during the monsoon, over the ocean upstream of coastal mountains. Their diurnal patterns are similar to those of the wide convective cores.
A High-Resolution Coupled Riverine Flow, Tide, Wind, Wind Wave, and Storm Surge Model for Southern Louisiana and Mississippi. Part II: Synoptic Description and Analysis of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita
Authors: Dietrich J. C. , Bunya S. , Westerink J. J. , Ebersole B. A. , Smith J. M. , Atkinson J. H. , Jensen R. , Resio D. T. , Luettich R. A. , Dawson C. , Cardone V. J. , Cox A. T. , Powell M. D. , Westerink H. J. , Roberts H. J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were powerful storms that impacted southern Louisiana and Mississippi during the 2005 hurricane season. In Part I, the authors describe and validate a high-resolution coupled riverine flow, tide, wind, wave, and storm surge model for this region. Herein, the model is used to examine the evolution of these hurricanes in more detail. Synoptic histories show how storm tracks, winds, and waves interacted with the topography, the protruding Mississippi River delta, east–west shorelines, manmade structures, and low-lying marshes to develop and propagate storm surge. Perturbations of the model, in which the waves are not included, show the proportional importance of the wave radiation stress gradient induced setup.
How effective are physical activity interventions for alleviating depressive symptoms in older people? A systematic review
Authors: Blake H. , Mo P. , Malik S. , Thomas S. 
Published: August 2009

Background: The benefits of physical exercise in reducing clinically defined depression in the general population have been established, although a review of the evidence for older adults is needed. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of physical exercise for the treatment of depressive symptoms in older adults (>60 years). Data sources: We searched: MEDLINE (1966—May 2008); EMBASE (1980—May 2008); Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; 1982—May 2008); PsycINFO (1966—May 2008), The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2008), and National Research Register (NRR; Issue 2, 2008). Review methods: Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of physical exercise interventions for depression were included where 80% or more of participants were >60 years. Abstracts were assessed to determine whether they met specified inclusion criteria. Primary analysis focused on the prevalence of diagnosable depressive disorder following intervention. Secondary outcome was depression or mood scores on standardized scales. Results: Eleven randomized controlled trials with a total of 641 participants were included in the review. Short-term positive outcome for depression or depressive symptoms was found in nine studies, although the mode, intensity and duration of intervention varied across studies. Medium- to long-term effects of intervention were less clear. Conclusion: Physical exercise programmes obtain clinically relevant outcomes in the treatment of depressive symptoms in depressed older people. Exercise, though not appropriate for all in this population, may improve mood in this group. Further research is needed to establish medium- to long-term effects and cost-effectiveness.