bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concept of homology as a basis for evaluating developmental mechanisms: Exploring selective attention across the life‐span
Authors: Lickliter Robert , Bahrick Lorraine E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractResearch with human infants as well as non‐human animal embryos and infants has consistently demonstrated the benefits of intersensory redundancy for perceptual learning and memory for redundantly specified information during early development. Studies of infant affect discrimination, face discrimination, numerical discrimination, sequence detection, abstract rule learning, and word comprehension and segmentation have all shown that intersensory redundancy promotes earlier detection of these properties when compared to unimodal exposure to the same properties. Here we explore the idea that such intersensory facilitation is evident across the life‐span and that this continuity is an example of a developmental behavioral homology. We present evidence that intersensory facilitation is most apparent during early phases of learning for a variety of tasks, regardless of developmental level, including domains that are novel or tasks that require discrimination of fine detail or speeded responses. Under these conditions, infants, children, and adults all show intersensory facilitation, suggesting a developmental homology. We discuss the challenge and propose strategies for establishing appropriate guidelines for identifying developmental behavioral homologies. We conclude that evaluating the extent to which continuities observed across development are homologous can contribute to a better understanding of the processes of development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 76–83, 2013.
Genome‐scale study of transcription factor expression in the branching mouse lung
Authors: Herriges John C. , Yi Lan , Hines Elizabeth A. , Harvey Julie F. , Xu Guoliang , Gray Paul A. , Ma Qiufu , Sun Xin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground: Mammalian lung development consists of a series of precisely choreographed events that drive the progression from simple lung buds to the elaborately branched organ that fulfills the vital function of gas exchange. Strict transcriptional control is essential for lung development. Among the large number of transcription factors encoded in the mouse genome, only a small portion of them are known to be expressed and function in the developing lung. Thus a systematic investigation of transcription factors expressed in the lung is warranted. Results: To enrich for genes that may be responsible for regional growth and patterning, we performed a screen using RNA in situ hybridization to identify genes that show restricted expression patterns in the embryonic lung. We focused on the pseudoglandular stage during which the lung underergoes branching morphogenesis, a cardinal event of lung development. Using a genome‐scale probe set that represents over 90% of the transcription factors encoded in the mouse genome, we identified 62 transcription factor genes with localized expression in the epithelium, mesenchyme, or both. Many of these genes have not been previously implicated in lung development. Conclusions: Our findings provide new starting points for the elucidation of the transcriptional circuitry that controls lung development. Developmental Dynamics 241:1432–1453, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic preparation of L‐α‐glycerylphosphorylcholine in an aqueous medium
Authors: Zhang Kangyi , Liu Yuanfa , Wang Xingguo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractL‐α‐Glycerylphosphorylcholine (L‐α‐GPC) was successfully prepared from phosphatidylcholine (PC) of food‐grade soy lecithin powder using a novel enzymatic reaction in an aqueous medium. 94.5% yield of L‐α‐GPC was obtained under the optimal conditions of 55°C, 6.67 mg/mL substrate, 2 mM CaCl2, and 33.4 U/mL phospholipase A1 (Lecitase Ultra). L‐α‐GPC at 98% purity, 73.4% (wt%) recovery, and specific rotation ($[{\rm \alpha }]_{{\rm D}}^{{\rm 20}} $) of −2.5° was achieved by silica gel column chromatography. Owing to its excellent catalytic efficiency, low cost, and ready availability, phospholipase A1 (Lecitase Ultra) provides a very satisfactory option for converting PC to L‐α‐GPC.Practical applications: L‐α‐Glycerylphosphorylcholine (L‐α‐GPC) has been studied recently for its potential use as a supplement that may support neurological functions, but it is only found in trace amounts in nature. The present results indicate that Lecitase Ultra can be used for producing L‐α‐GPC from aqueous PC and suggest encouraging prospects for practical or industrial applications utilizing its notable catalytic performance, economy, and convenience.
Structured phosphatidylcholine with elevated content of conjugated linoleic acid: Optimization by response surface methodology
Authors: Baeza‐Jiménez Ramiro , Noriega‐Rodríguez Juan A. , García Hugo S. , Otero Cristina 
Published: June 2012

AbstractStructured phosphatidylcholine was successfully produced by immobilized phospholipase A1 catalyzed acidolysis of phosphatidylcholine and CLA. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the reaction system using three process parameters: enzyme load, temperature, and substrates molar ratio. Optimal conditions obtained from the model were 15% enzyme load at 55°C for a 1:4 (PC/CLA) substrates molar ratio, which produced a yield of 85.8% of CLA incorporation. The total correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.92 and no lack of fit was detected. This suggests the fitness of the model obtained and it suggests that the model is sufficiently accurate to estimate the incorporation of CLA into PC.Practical applications: This study could contribute to process development for enzyme catalyzed phospholipid modification. By changing the fatty acid composition of lecithin, delivery of desired (beneficial) fatty acids could be better achieved. Additionally, emulsification properties of the phospholipids could open a wide area of applications in the food and cosmetic industries.
Generation of 3‐monochloro‐1,2‐propanediol and related materials from tri‐, di‐, and monoolein at deodorization temperature
Authors: Shimizu Masao , Vosmann Klaus , Matthäus Bertrand 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHeating tests of pure tri‐, di‐, and monoolein (TO, DO, and MO, respectively) with and without the addition of tetrabutylammonium chloride as a chloride source at 240°C revealed the characteristic reactions that generate 3‐monochloro‐1,2‐propanediol‐related materials (3‐MCPD‐RM) in each acylglycerol. 3‐MCPD‐RM were formed mainly from DO and MO, with only a small amount from TO. Glycidyl ester was the predominant class of 3‐MCPD‐RM generated from both DO and MO, and was increased continuously throughout the heating period with comparable rates in both DO and MO, which also generated 3‐MCPD esters with chloride in a short completion time with an achieved level that was fourfold higher for MO than for DO. The production of free glycidol and 3‐MCPD was confirmed only in heated MO, but not from TO and DO, in a closed heating system, although these compounds were never detected in oils heated under simulated distillation conditions using a gas stream. In a closed system, both free glycidol and 3‐MCPD were increased throughout the heating period, which differed from the esters. Since an interesterification reaction, which produced free glycerol, was observed only in heated MO, free glycerol might be one of the precursors for those free forms. For clarification, further investigation is required.
Comparison of analytical and sensory lipid oxidation parameters in conventional and high‐oleic rapeseed oil
Authors: Petersen Katharina Domitila , Kleeberg Kim Karen , Jahreis Gerhard , Busch‐Stockfisch Mechthild , Fritsche Jan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHeadspace‐solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography was used to identify in total 55 volatile lipid oxidation compounds in thermally stressed conventional and high‐oleic rapeseed oil samples. Out of this profile, 17 volatile compounds with low odor threshold values were selected as target compounds for the assessment of lipid oxidation in rapeseed and high‐oleic rapeseed oils. Additionally, other lipid oxidation parameters such as fatty acid composition, peroxide value, anisidine value, and induction time (Rancimat analysis) were determined. Multivariate statistical methods (principal component analysis in combination with agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis) were applied to identify sensitive volatile lipid oxidation indicators enabling the differentiation of rapeseed oil samples of different varieties (high‐oleic versus conventional). Moreover, these statistical methods were capable of differentiating rapeseed oils of different oxidative properties. Octanal and 3‐octanone showed the highest ability to differentiate between samples of different rapeseed varieties, whereas propanal, E,E‐2,4‐hexadienal, and E‐2‐heptenal were most suitable in differentiating rapeseed oil samples with different oxidative properties from each other. Clustering of rapeseed oil samples according to their volatile compound composition was comparable with results of sensory duo‐trio and paired comparison tests, but the analytical approach of the volatile compound analysis in combination with chemometric methods detected changes sooner in relation to the flavor composition of rapeseed oils and high‐oleic rapeseed oil samples.Practical applications:The combination of volatile compound analysis by HS‐SPME‐GC with multivariate statistical methods and complementary sensory duo‐trio and one‐sided paired comparison tests are sensitive tools in differentiating conventional and high‐oleic rapeseed oil samples with different lipid oxidation properties. The presented methods are suitable techniques for the detection of initial changes of lipid oxidation progress in edible oils.
A transcriptional network underlies susceptibility to kidney disease progression
Authors: Laouari Denise , Burtin Martine , Phelep Aurélie , Bienaime Frank , Noel Laure‐Hélène , Lee David C. , Legendre Christophe , Friedlander Gérard , Pontoglio Marco , Terzi Fabiola 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe molecular networks that control the progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are poorly defined. We have recently shown that the susceptibility to development of renal lesions after nephron reduction is controlled by a locus on mouse chromosome 6 and requires epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation. Here, we identified microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor A (MITF‐A), a bHLH‐Zip transcription factor, as a modifier of CKD progression. Sequence analysis revealed a strain‐specific mutation in the 5′ UTR that decreases MITF‐A protein synthesis in lesion‐prone friend virus B NIH (FVB/N) mice. More importantly, we dissected the molecular pathway by which MITF‐A modulates CKD progression. MITF‐A interacts with histone deacetylases to repress the transcription of TGF‐α, a ligand of EGFR, and antagonizes transactivation by its related partner, transcription factor E3 (TFE3). Consistent with the key role of this network in CKD, Tgfa gene inactivation protected FVB/N mice from renal deterioration after nephron reduction. These data are relevant to human CKD, as we found that the TFE3/MITF‐A ratio was increased in patients with damaged kidneys. Our study uncovers a novel transcriptional network and unveils novel potential prognostic and therapeutic targets for preventing human CKD progression.
Communication between host organism and cancer cells is transduced by systemic sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1‐phosphate signalling to regulate tumour metastasis
Authors: Ponnusamy Suriyan , Selvam Shanmugam Panneer , Mehrotra Shikhar , Kawamori Toshihiko , Snider Ashley J. , Obeid Lina M. , Shao Yuan , Sabbadini Roger , Ogretmen Besim 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMechanisms by which cancer cells communicate with the host organism to regulate lung colonization/metastasis are unclear. We show that this communication occurs via sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) generated systemically by sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), rather than via tumour‐derived S1P. Modulation of systemic, but not tumour SK1, prevented S1P elevation, and inhibited TRAMP‐induced prostate cancer growth in TRAMP+/+SK1−/− mice, or lung metastasis of multiple cancer cells in SK1−/− animals. Genetic loss of SK1 activated a master metastasis suppressor, Brms1 (breast carcinoma metastasis suppressor 1), via modulation of S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) in cancer cells. Alterations of S1PR2 using pharmacologic and genetic tools enhanced Brms1. Moreover, Brms1 in S1PR2−/− MEFs was modulated by serum S1P alterations. Accordingly, ectopic Brms1 in MB49 bladder cancer cells suppressed lung metastasis, and stable knockdown of Brms1 prevented this process. Importantly, inhibition of systemic S1P signalling using a novel anti‐S1P monoclonal antibody (mAb), Sphingomab, attenuated lung metastasis, which was prevented by Brms1 knockdown in MB49 cells. Thus, these data suggest that systemic SK1/S1P regulates metastatic potential via regulation of tumour S1PR2/Brms1 axis.
A spatial cross‐correlation model of spectral accelerations at multiple periods
Authors: Loth Christophe , Baker Jack W. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYMany seismic loss problems (such as disruption of distributed infrastructure and losses to portfolios of structures) are dependent upon the regional distribution of ground‐motion intensity, rather than intensity at only a single site. Quantifying ground‐motion over a spatially‐distributed region therefore requires information on the correlation between the ground‐motion intensities at different sites during a single event. The focus of the present study is to assess the spatial correlation between ground‐motion spectral accelerations at different periods. Ground motions from eight well‐recorded earthquakes were used to study the spatial correlations. On the basis of obtained empirical correlation estimates, we propose a geostatistics‐based method to formulate a predictive model that is suitable for simulation of spectral accelerations at multiple sites and multiple periods, in the case of crustal earthquakes in active seismic regions. While the calibration of this model and investigation of its implications were somewhat complex, the model itself is very simple to use for making correlation predictions. A user only needs to evaluate a simple equation relying on three sets of coefficients provided here to compute a correlation coefficient for spectral values at two periods and at a specified separation distance. These results may then be used in evaluating the seismic risk of portfolios of structures with differing fundamental periods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of fragility curves using high‐dimensional model representation
Authors: Unnikrishnan V. U. , Prasad A. M. , Rao B. N. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYFragility curves represent the conditional probability that a structure's response may exceed the performance limit for a given ground motion intensity. Conventional methods for computing building fragilities are either based on statistical extrapolation of detailed analyses on one or two specific buildings or make use of Monte Carlo simulation with these models. However, the Monte Carlo technique usually requires a relatively large number of simulations to obtain a sufficiently reliable estimate of the fragilities, and it is computationally expensive and time consuming to simulate the required thousands of time history analyses. In this paper, high‐dimensional model representation based response surface method together with the Monte Carlo simulation is used to develop the fragility curve, which is then compared with that obtained by using Latin hypercube sampling. It is used to replace the algorithmic performance‐function with an explicit functional relationship, fitting a functional approximation, thereby reducing the number of expensive numerical analyses. After the functional approximation has been made, Monte Carlo simulation is used to obtain the fragility curve of the system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of bedrock structures on the spatial pattern of erosional landforms in small alpine catchments
Authors: Loye Alexandre , Pedrazzini Andrea , Theule Joshua I. , Jaboyedoff Michel , Liébault Frédéric , Metzger Richard 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTStructural settings and lithological characteristics are traditionally assumed to influence the development of erosional landforms, such as gully networks and rock couloirs, in steep mountain rock basins. The structural control of erosion of two small alpine catchments of distinctive rock types is evaluated by comparing the correspondences between the orientations of their gullies and rock couloirs with (1) the sliding orientations of potential slope failures mechanisms, and (2) the orientation of the maximum joint frequency, this latter being considered as the direction exploited primarily by erosion and mass wasting processes. These characteristic orientations can be interpreted as structural weaknesses contributing to the initiation and propagation of erosion. The morphostructural analysis was performed using digital elevation models and field observations. The catchment comprised of magmatic intrusive rocks shows a clear structural control, mostly expressed through potential wedges failure. Such joint configurations have a particular geometry that encourages the development of gullies in hard rock, e.g. through enhanced gravitational and hydrological erosional processes. In the catchment underlain by sedimentary rocks, penetrative joints that act as structural weaknesses seem to be exploited by gullies and rock couloirs. However, the lithological setting and bedding configuration prominently control the development of erosional landforms, and influence not only the local pattern of geomorphic features, but the general morphology of the catchment. The orientations of the maximum joint frequency are clearly associated with the gully network, suggesting that its development is governed by anisotropy in rock strength. These two catchments are typical of bedrock‐dominated basins prone to intense processes of debris supply. This study suggests a quantitative approach for describing the relationship between bedrock jointing and geomorphic features geometry. Incorporation of bedrock structure can be relevant when studying processes governing the transfer of clastic material, for the assessment of sediment yields and in landforms evolution models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustained hippocampal neurogenesis in females is amplified in P66Shc−/− mice: An animal model of healthy aging
Authors: Berry Alessandra , Amrein Irmgard , Nötzli Sarah , Lazic Stan E. , Bellisario Veronica , Giorgio Marco , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Alleva Enrico , Lipp Hans‐Peter , Cirulli Francesca 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAging is accompanied by poor learning and memory abilities and by decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, a process that is also modulated by oxidative stress (OS). P66Shc has recently emerged as a novel mammalian gerontogene able to affect healthspan during aging. Deletion of this gene in mice leads to reduced OS accompanied by decreased incidence of age‐related pathologies and reduced signs of behavioral aging. We hypothesized that p66Shc−/− mutants might show increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus, a brain region involved in learning and memory processes. To this aim, granule cell number, proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and cell death were assessed in the hippocampus in senescent p66Shc−/− [knock out (KO)] and p66Shc+/+ [wild type (WT)] male and female mice. Spatial learning abilities and spontaneous activity were also investigated in a multifunctional behavioral system—IntelliCages. The behavioral analysis revealed that females in general perform better in spatial learning tasks, with genotype effects being apparent in the activity pattern only. Likewise, all females showed increased neuronal differentiation, whereas increased proliferation was found only in those belonging to the p66Shc−/− genotype, indicating that they might be protected from precursor cell loss. The number of dying cells was not affected by genotype or sex; however, all KO mice showed less granule cells than WT. Overall, our data suggest that hippocampal function is protected in the female gender at older age, an effect amplified by reduced OS in the p66Shc−/− mutant. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxytocin interference in the effects induced by inhalation of 7.5% CO2 in healthy volunteers
Authors: de Oliveira Danielle Chaves Gomes , Chagas Marcos Hortes N. , Garcia Luis Vicente , Crippa José Alexandre S. , Zuardi Antonio W 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the acute effect of intranasally administered oxytocin (OT) on subjective states, cardiovascular, and endocrine parameters in healthy volunteers who inhaled 7.5% CO2.MethodsForty‐five subjects were allocated into three matched groups of subjects who received 24 international units (IU) of OT, 2 mg of lorazepam (LZP), or placebo (PL). The challenge consisted of medical air inhalation for 20 min, 10 min of rest, and CO2 7.5% inhalation for 20 min. Subjective effects were evaluated by self‐assessment scales; heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance, and salivary cortisol were also measured. Assessments were performed at four time points: (i) baseline (−15 min); (ii) post‐air inhalation (90 min); (iii) post‐CO2 inhalation (120 min), and (iv) post‐test (160 min).ResultsCO2 inhalation significantly increased the anxiety score in the PL group compared with the post‐air measurement but not in the OT or LZP groups. The LZP reduced anxiety after medical air inhalation. Other parameters evaluated were not affected by OT.ConclusionOT, as well as LZP, prevented CO2‐induced anxiety, suggesting that this hormone has anxiolytic properties. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paternal dietary restriction affects progeny fat content in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Miersch Claudia , Döring Frank 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEpidemiological data from human populations and few reports in rodents suggested that the paternal diet affects offspring adiposity and its related diseases. We tested whether this nongenetic and intergenerational inheritance depends on paternal treatment dose. Using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, males undergoing several dietary restriction regimes were crossed with ad libitum fed females. We found an inverted U‐shaped relationship between the extent of paternal dietary restriction and the level of fat content of progeny. The relationship was evident in both sexes. Body proportions were not affected in offspring. Overall, our findings extent the concept of developmental and adaptive plasticity to include the extent of paternal food consumption in the origin of phenotypic alterations. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(7): 644–648, 2012