bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling strategies in a linguistic isolate: Results from mtDNA analysis
Authors: Calò Carla Maria , Corrias Laura , Vona Giuseppe , Bachis Valeria , Robledo Renato 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives:Sampling strategies are crucial issues in population genetics and anthropological studies. The sampling choice is related to the research question and the type of markers used. In this research, we compared two different sampling strategies in the Sardinian linguistic isolate of Carloforte (Italy).Methods:A first sampling (N = 49) was carried out through grandparents criterion: individuals selected for the study were born and resident in Carloforte, and unrelated for at least three generations. A second sampling (N = 50) was based on founders surnames (FS): selected participants were proved to be descendants of the village founders, and to have no ancestors in common, at least up to the grandparental generation.Results:The group selected through FS showed a greater gene diversity, which was confirmed by both network and haplogroup analysis. Among the shared haplogroups, we find clear differences in their frequencies. Sampling through grandparents criterion showed essentially the same haplogroups found in Sardinia, and with similar frequencies. Interesting results came from genetic tree. The FS sampling clustered with Northern African populations and it is located very far from Italian and Sardinian populations, whereas the grandparents criterion sampling clustered with Italian populations and it is located close to the other Sardinian populations.Conclusions:Results showed that different sampling strategies can lead to contrasting results. As sampling through grandparents criterion is influenced by recent gene flow, we hypothesize that the difference observed with the two sampling strategies is due to the merging of Carloforte with Sardinian populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolutionary disequilibrium and activity period in primates: A bayesian phylogenetic approach
Authors: Griffin Randi H. , Matthews Luke J. , Nunn Charles L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractActivity period plays a central role in studies of primate origins and adaptations, yet fundamental questions remain concerning the evolutionary history of primate activity period. Lemurs are of particular interest because they display marked variation in activity period, with some species exhibiting completely nocturnal or diurnal lifestyles, and others distributing activity throughout the 24‐h cycle (i.e., cathemerality). Some lines of evidence suggest that cathemerality in lemurs is a recent and transient evolutionary state (i.e., the evolutionary disequilibrium hypothesis), while other studies indicate that cathemerality is a stable evolutionary strategy with a more ancient history. Debate also surrounds activity period in early primate evolution, with some recent studies casting doubt on the traditional hypothesis that basal primates were nocturnal. Here, we used Bayesian phylogenetic methods to reconstruct activity period at key points in primate evolution. Counter to the evolutionary disequilibrium hypothesis, the most recent common ancestor of Eulemur was reconstructed as cathemeral at ∼9–13 million years ago, indicating that cathemerality in lemurs is a stable evolutionary strategy. We found strong evidence favoring a nocturnal ancestor for all primates, strepsirrhines and lemurs, which adds to previous findings based on parsimony by providing quantitative support for these reconstructions. Reconstructions for the haplorrhine ancestor were more equivocal, but diurnality was favored for simian primates. We discuss the implications of our models for the evolutionary disequilibrium hypothesis, and we identify avenues for future research that would provide new insights into the evolution of cathemerality in lemurs. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The population genetics of quechuas, the largest native south american group: Autosomal sequences, SNPs, and microsatellites evidence high level of diversity
Authors: Scliar Marilia O. , Soares‐Souza Giordano B. , Chevitarese Juliana , Lemos Livia , Magalhães Wagner C.S. , Fagundes Nelson J. , Bonatto Sandro L. , Yeager Meredith , Chanock Stephen J. , Tarazona‐Santos Eduardo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractElucidating the pattern of genetic diversity for non‐European populations is necessary to make the benefits of human genetics research available to individuals from these groups. In the era of large human genomic initiatives, Native American populations have been neglected, in particular, the Quechua, the largest South Amerindian group settled along the Andes. We characterized the genetic diversity of a Quechua population in a global setting, using autosomal noncoding sequences (nine unlinked loci for a total of 16 kb), 351 unlinked SNPs and 678 microsatellites and tested predictions of the model of the evolution of Native Americans proposed by (Tarazona‐Santos et al.: Am J Hum Genet 68 (2001) 1485–1496). European admixture is <5% and African ancestry is barely detectable in the studied population. The largest genetic distances were between African versus Quechua or Melanesian populations, which is concordant with the African origin of modern humans and the fact that South America was the last part of the world to be peopled. The diversity in the Quechua population is comparable with that of Eurasian populations, and the allele frequency spectrum based on resequencing data does not reflect a reduction in the proportion of rare alleles. Thus, the Quechua population is a large reservoir of common and rare genetic variants of South Amerindians. These results are consistent with and complement our evolutionary model of South Amerindians (Tarazona‐Santos et al.: Am J Hum Genet 68 (2001) 1485–1496), proposed based on Y‐chromosome data, which predicts high genomic diversity due to the high level of gene flow between Andean populations and their long‐term effective population size. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief communication: Radiographic study of metatarsal one basal epiphyseal fusion: A note of caution on age determination
Authors: Weiss Elizabeth , DeSilva Jeremy , Zipfel Bernhard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study examines radiographs of first metatarsals of 131 individuals from age 17–88 years to determine whether internal basal epiphyseal lines may be visible past the age of metatarsal fusion, which usually occurs between 14 and 16 years of age (Scheuer and Black: The juvenile skeleton. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press,2004). In 29% (38 out of 131) of the radiographed first metatarsals (MT1s) the basal epiphyseal scar is visible, including in one individual who was 80 years old. Statistically, there was no relationship between the loss of the epiphyseal scar and age. Thus, the presence of the epiphyseal scar does not necessarily indicate subadult age. These data suggest that OH 8's radiographically visible basal epiphyseal line has no bearing on whether it is a subadult or not. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimation of surface properties of grafted layers formed on low‐ and high‐density polyethylene plates by photografting of methacrylic acid and acrylic acid at different monomer concentrations and temperatures
Authors: Yamada Kazunori , Yamagami Sho , Naohara Yuki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn investigation was carried out on estimation of hydrophilicity, wettability and water‐absorptivity, and surface analysis by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the low‐ and high‐density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) plates photografted with methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylic acid (AA) at different monomer concentrations or temperatures. Wettability of the MAA‐grafted LDPE and HDPE plates increased with grafted amounts, and became constant when the substrate surfaces were fully covered with the grafted polymer chains. On the other hand, for the AA‐grafted LDPE and HDPE plates, wettability had the maximum value, and then gradually decreased against the grafted amount probably due to aggregation of grafted PAA chains, although the surfaces were covered with grafted PAA chains at lower grafted amounts compared with grafted PMAA chains. Water‐absorptivity sharply increased at lower grafted amounts due to formation of shorter grafted polymer chains for photografting at lower monomer concentrations or due to restriction of the location of grafting to the outer surface region for photografting at lower temperatures. Therefore, for photograftings of AA or onto the HDPE plates, the substrate surfaces were covered with grafted polymer chains and the grafted layers formed possessed higher water‐absorptivity at lower grafted amounts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Hip and Thigh Anatomy of the Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) with Comparisons to the Domestic Cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Carlon Burcu , Hubbard Chris 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe clouded leopard (N. nebulosa) is an endangered felid native to Southeast Asia. It is considered to be the largest and most acrobatic of the arboreal cats. To date, published studies have focused on cranial morphology, particularly osteology and dentition. This study describes the hip and thigh morphology of N. nebulosa and compares it to the domestic cat (F. catus). A number of statistically significant differences were observed between N. nebulosa and F. catus that were primarily associated with muscle attachment surface areas rather than differences in overall morphology. F. catus had proportionally larger attachment areas for Mm. gluteus profundus, tensor fasciae latae, and biceps femoris, while N. nebulosa had larger attachment areas for Mm. gluteus medius, rectus femoris, and semitendinosus. By comparison, surface area analysis of nonfelid species (C. latrans and V. vulpes) showed more differences when compared to felids demonstrating that this analytical technique is useful for differentiating closely‐related species from more distant ones. These results suggest that muscle map area analysis may be useful for comparing phylogenetic relationships between and within groups of different species and may also suggest variations in locomotor habits. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whole‐Mount Imaging Demonstrates Hypervascularity of the Pancreatic Ducts and Other Pancreatic Structures
Authors: El‐Gohary Yousef , Tulachan Sidhartha , Branca Maria , Sims‐Lucas Sunder , Guo Ping , Prasadan Krishna , Shiota Chiyo , Gittes George K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractConfocal microscopy in combination with commercial software is frequently used to generate three‐dimensional images of tissue architecture. Here we report a novel, whole‐mount imaging protocol technique that allows detailed three‐dimensional imaging of adult pancreatic structures. This technique provides an improved appreciation of the anatomical detail of pancreatic structures and of the relationship between the pancreatic ducts and islets. In addition, imaging of the pancreatic ducts revealed a previously unappreciated high degree of hypervascularity. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elephants Have Relatively the Largest Cerebellum Size of Mammals
Authors: Maseko Busisiwe C. , Spocter Muhammad A. , Haagensen Mark , Manger Paul R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe current study used MR imaging to determine the volume of the cerebellum and its component parts in the brain of three adult male African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and compared this with published data from Asian elephants and other mammalian species including odontocete cetaceans, primates, chiropterans, insectivores, carnivores, and artiodactyls. The cerebellum of the adult elephant has a volume of ∼925 mL (average of both African and Asian species). Allometric analysis indicates that the elephant has the largest relative cerebellum size of all mammals studied to date. In addition, both odontocete cetaceans and microchiropterans appear to have large relative cerebellar sizes. The vermal and hemispheric components of the African elephant cerebellum are both large relative to other mammals of similar brain size, however, for odontocete cetaceans the vermal component is small and the hemispheric component is large. These volumetric observations are related to life‐histories and anatomies of the species investigated. The current study provides context for one aspect of the elephant brain in the broader picture of mammalian brain evolution. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Balancing self‐renewal and differentiation by asymmetric division: Insights from brain tumor suppressors in Drosophila neural stem cells
Authors: Chang Kai Chen , Wang Cheng , Wang Hongyan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBalancing self‐renewal and differentiation of stem cells is an important issue in stem cell and cancer biology. Recently, the Drosophila neuroblast (NB), neural stem cell has emerged as an excellent model for stem cell self‐renewal and tumorigenesis. It is of great interest to understand how defects in the asymmetric division of neural stem cells lead to tumor formation. Here, we review recent advances in asymmetric division and the self‐renewal control of Drosophila NBs. We summarize molecular mechanisms of asymmetric cell division and discuss how the defects in asymmetric division lead to tumor formation. Gain‐of‐function or loss‐of‐function of various proteins in the asymmetric machinery can drive NB overgrowth and tumor formation. These proteins control either the asymmetric protein localization or mitotic spindle orientation of NBs. We also discuss other mechanisms of brain tumor suppression that are beyond the control of asymmetric division.
Randomized clinical trial of bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy versus total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease with a 5-year follow-up11
Authors: Barczyński M , Konturek A , Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A , Gołkowski F , Nowak W 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
The extent of thyroid resection in Graves' disease remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term results of bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy (BST) compared with total thyroidectomy (TT) in patients with Graves' disease and mild active ophthalmopathy.

Methods
Participants were assigned randomly to BST or TT, and followed for 5 years after surgery. The primary endpoints of the study were the prevalence of recurrent hyperthyroidism and changes in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Secondary endpoints were postoperative transient and permanent paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and postoperative hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism.

Results
Two hundred patients were included, of whom 191 (BST 95, TT 96) completed the 5-year follow-up. Recurrent hyperthyroidism occurred in nine patients after BST and in none after TT (P = 0·002). Progression of Graves' ophthalmopathy was observed in nine patients after BST compared with seven following TT (P = 0·586). Transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in 13 and 24 patients respectively (P = 0·047). Permanent hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in no patient after BST and in one after TT (P = 0·318). No differences were noted in transient or permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.

Conclusion
TT for Graves' disease prevented recurrent hyperthyroidism but did not prevent the progression of ophthalmopathy compared with BST. Registration number: NCT01408368 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Chiral separation of N‐methyl‐dl‐aspartic acid in rat brain tissue as N‐ethoxycarbonylated (S)‐(+)‐2‐octyl ester derivatives by GC‐MS
Authors: Nguyen Duc‐Toan , Kim Kyoung‐Rae , Lee Gwang , Paik Man‐Jeong 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTA selective and sensitive analytical method was developed for enantiomeric separation and determination of N‐methyl‐DL‐aspartic acid (NMA). The method involved the conversion of each enantiomer into N‐ethoxycarbonylated (S)‐(+)‐2‐octyl ester derivative for the direct separation by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The diastereomeric derivatives showed characteristic mass spectral properties for analysis by selected ion monitoring mode (SIM) and enabling enantioseparation on an achiral capillary column. Two enantiomers were baseline separated, and the detection limits for N‐methyl‐L‐aspartic acid (NMLA) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) were 0.07 and 0.03 ng/g, respectively. When applied to rat brain tissues for absolute configuration of NMA, only NMDA was determined, while NMLA was monitored as lower than the limit of detection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation and Spectroscopic Identification of Selenofulminic Acid and Its Methyl and Cyano Derivatives (XCNSe, X=H, CH3, NC)
Authors: Krebsz Melinda , Májusi Gábor , Pacsai Bálint , Tarczay György , Pasinszki Tibor 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEvidence for the existence of nitrile selenides, potential 1,3‐dipolarophiles in cycloaddition reactions, has been provided by direct spectroscopic methods. The parent nitrile selenide, selenofulminic acid (HCNSe), and its methyl and cyano derivatives have been photolytically generated in an inert solid argon matrix from 1,2,5‐selenadiazoles by 280, 254, and 313 nm UV irradiation, respectively, and studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy and mid‐infrared spectroscopy. Ground‐state geometries have been obtained from quantum‐chemical calculations at the CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level. Nitrile selenides are predicted to be linear with a relatively weak NSe bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Compounds, β‐ScTe and Y3Au2, and a Reassessment of Y2Au.
Authors: Chai Ping , Corbett John D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements (Ta containers; 1573 K, 200 h for β‐ScTe and 1323 K, 7 d for Y3Au2 and Y2Au).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Change Induced by Terminal Sulfur in Noncentrosymmetric La2Ga2GeS8 and Eu2Ga2GeS7 and Nonlinear‐Optical Responses in Middle Infrared.
Authors: Chen Mei‐Chun , Li Peng , Zhou Liu‐Jiang , Li Long‐Hua , Chen Ling 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe new compounds La2Ga2GeS8 (I) and Eu2Ga2GeS7 (II) are synthesized with yields of 50 and 70%, resp., by solid state reaction of the elements (850 °C, 110 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Enhancement of the Luminescent Properties of a New Red‐Emitting Phosphor, Mn2(HPO3)F2, by Zn Substitution.
Authors: Orive Joseba , Mesa Jose L. , Balda Rolindes , Fernandez Joaquin , Fernandez Jesus Rodriguez , Rojo Teofilo , Arriortua Maria I. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMn2(HPO3)F2 is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of H3PO3, MnCl2, HF, 2‐methylpiperazine, and CeCl3 (autoclave, 170 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure, and Optical and Photoluminescence Properties of Eu(III) Ion‐Doped Lu6Mo(W)O12.
Authors: Li Huaiyong , Yang Hyun Kyoung , Moon Byung Kee , Choi Byung Chun , Jeong Jung Hyun , Jang Kiwan , Lee Ho Sueb , Yi Soung Soo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEu3+‐doped Lu6WO12 and Lu6MoO12 obtained by a citrate complexation route followed by calcination are characterized by SEM, powder XRD, UV/VIS diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and by DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Li2B6O9F2, a New Acentric Fluorooxoborate.
Authors: Pilz Thomas , Jansen Martin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of either a 3:2 mixture of B2O3 and LiBF4 or a 2:1 mixture of LiB3O5 and LiBF4 under identical conditions [673 K, closed Ag crucible, 500 h; 1 K/h cooling rate].
ChemInform Abstract: A New Mixed‐Valent High Nuclearity Polyoxovanadate Cluster Based on the {V18O42} Archetype.
Authors: Wutkowski Adam , Niefind Felix , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe new VIV/VV mixed‐valent compound (II) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Synthesis of NaLa(MoO4)2 Microcrystals and Their Near‐Infrared Luminescent Properties with Lanthanide Ion Doping (Er3+, Nd3+, Yb3+).
Authors: Zhang Jingchao , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Xinhao , Zhao Xudong , Liu Xiaoyang , Peng Liping 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMicrocrystals of the title compound with various morphologies are synthesized from aqueous solutions of La(NO3)3 and Na2MoO4 by a microwave assisted hydrothermal method (glass vessel, microwave irradiation, 180 °C, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Assembly Based on Keggin Cluster and Basketlike Cage.
Authors: Yu Kai , Zhou Baibin , Yu Yang , Su Zhanhua , Wang Chunmei , Wang Chunxiao 
Published: January 2012

Abstract(C10H10N2)12 (PMo12O40)2 (SrP6MoV3MoVI15 O73)2·9H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Na2MoO4, 4,4′‐bipyridine, H3PO4, SrCl2, and H2O (pH 3 adjusted with NaOH, 160 °C, autoclave, 4 d; 40% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: From 1D to 3D Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Structural Transformations Based on Linear Polyanion [Mn4(H2O)18WZnMn2 (H2O)2(ZnW9O34)2] 4‐.
Authors: Shi Lian‐Xu , Zhao Wen‐Feng , Xu Xuan , Tang Jing , Wu Chuan‐De 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCompounds (III) and (V) crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1.
ChemInform Abstract: An Inorganic—Organic Hybrid Compound Built from Polyoxovanadate Cluster and Mn(II) Complexes.
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Yi , Wang Yanyan , Liang Zhiqiang , Yu Jihong , Xu Ruren 
Published: January 2012

Abstract[Mn(teta)] [Mn(teta)(H2O)2] 2{V18O42(Cl)}·8H2O (teta: triethylenetetramine) is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of MnCl2, NH4VO3, teta, and citric acid in H2O (pH 6, 433 K, autoclave, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Two New Antiferromagnetic Spin Dimer Compounds; FeTe3O7X (X: Cl, Br).
Authors: Zhang Dong , Kremer Reinhard K. , Lemmens Peter , Choi Kwang‐Yong , Liu Jia , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Berger Helmuth , Skourski Yurii , Johnsson Mats 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compounds are prepared by chemical vapor transport reactions of Fe2O3, TeO2, and FeX3 (X: Cl, Br; 500 °C, 6 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual 3D 3d—4f Heterometallic Coordination Polymer Based on the Linkages of Sm2(IN)6 Pillars and 2D [Cu7Br6]nn+ Layers: Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property.
Authors: Fan Le‐Qing , Wu Ji‐Huai , Huang Yun‐Fang 
Published: January 2012

Abstract{Sm2Cu7Br6(ina)7 (H2O)5·3H2O}n (Hina: isonicotinic acid) is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Sm2O3, CuBr2, Hina, and HClO4 in H2O (pH 2, 180 °C, autoclave, 5 d; 26% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Tertiary Amine Modified Diarylprolinol Ether as Aminocatalyst for the Sequential Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclohexanes and Chromenes.
Authors: Shen Hao , Yang Ke‐Fang , Shi Zi‐Hui , Jiang Jian‐Xiong , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA combined prolinol silyl ether—o‐nitrobenzoic acid organocatalyst is successfully applied in the one‐pot reaction of aldehydes (I) with β‐nitroacrylate (II), phosphoryl acrylate (III) and toluenethiol (IV) to give highly functionalized cyclohexane derivatives (V) in high to excellent stereoselectivities (up to < 98% d.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Active Low‐Valent Niobium Catalysts from NbCl5 and Hydrosilanes for Selective Intermolecular Cycloadditions.
Authors: Satoh Yasushi , Obora Yasushi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe catalyst combination efficiently promotes the [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of the terminal alkyne (I) with alkenes to allow selective access to cyclohexadienes like (III), (V), and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Behavior of 2‐Iminothiazolidin‐4‐one with Different Reagents.
Authors: Hamama Wafaa S. , Ismail Mohadamed A. , Soliman Mamdoh , Shaaban Saad , Zoorob Hanafi H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWith a view to obtaining biologically active derivatives the title compound (I) is annulated to suitable electrophiles via cyclocondensation reactions.