bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions using activated‐carbon prepared from olive stone by ZnCl2 activation
Authors: Uğurlu Mehmet , Kula Ibrahim , Karaoğlu M. Hamdi , Arslan Yasin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study is to remove Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption. Activated‐carbon prepared from olive stone (ACOS) was used as adsorbent. Different particle size and concentration of ZnCl2 were studied to optimize adsorbent surface area. Initial concentration, temperature, time, and pH were selected as parameters. According to the experiments results, the equilibrium time, optimum pH, and adsorbent dosage were found 60 min, pH > 6, and 1.0 g/50 mL, respectively. In addition, raw olive stone was used as adsorbents at the same parameters. Nickel removal percentage for ACOS and Raw Olive stone were obtained 95.00% and 38.00% in turn. The kinetic data supports pseudo‐second‐order model strongly. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° were found −6.185 kJ mol−1, −10.997 kJ mol−1, and −15.889 J/mol K, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM‐EDX) technique was employed to observe the surface physical morphology and structural analysis. The resulting activated carbons with 20% ZnCl2 solution was the best sample of the produced activated‐carbons from olive stone with the specific surface area of 790.25 m2g−1. The results indicated that ACOS could be employed as an alternative adsorbent for removing Ni (II). © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
The influence of TBM design and machine features on performance and tool wear in rock
Authors: Gehring Karlheinz 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPerformance and tool consumption are decisive factors in the economical application of TBMs. Therefore the most accurate possible prediction of penetration and cutter life, the commonly used measures, is of great importance. The potential accuracy is certainly restricted by the boundary conditions of application underground in rock. Apart from the characteristics of the prevailing rock, prediction models must also take into account parameters representing the design and layout of the TBM used (for example, parameters referring to dimensions and installed forces).It is the aim of this paper to provide a survey not only of all those features and parameters of TBMs, whose influence on penetration and cutter life has been already recognized and investigated, but also of those whose evaluation is still pending (e.g. the stiffness of the cutter head). Only those parameters are addressed which are assumed to be influential.The evaluated correlations are predominantly presented in tendency diagrams. This enables the interaction of more parameters to be displayed better. Furthermore an extrapolation of such diagrams is easier, allowing their application in prediction models and also coping with future technical developments in TBM technology.
Mental illness, nativity, gender and labor supply
Authors: Ojeda Victoria D. , Frank Richard G. , McGuire Thomas G. , Gilmer Todd P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe analyzed the impacts of nativity and mental health (MH) on work by gender for non‐elderly adults using the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We employed two indicators of MH – the K6 scale of Mental Illness (MI) and an indicator for symptoms of Mania or Delusions (M/D). Instrumental variable (IV) models used measures of social support as instruments for MI. Unadjusted work rates were higher for immigrants (vs US‐born adults). Regressions show that MI is associated with lower rates of work among US‐born males but not immigrant males and females; M/D is associated lower rates of work among US‐born males and females, and among immigrant males. Results did not change using IV models for MI. Most persons with MI work, yet symptom severity reduces labor supply among natives especially. Immigrants' labor supply is less affected by MI. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the hyporheic zone on the phosphorus dynamics of a large gravel‐bed river, Garonne River, France
Authors: Vervier Philippe , Bonvallet‐Garay Sonia , Sauvage Sabine , Valett H. Maurice , Sanchez‐Perez José‐Miguel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPhosphorus (P) concentrations in sediments and in surface and interstitial water from three gravel bars in a large river (Garonne River, southern France) were measured daily, downstream of a wastewater treatment plant for a city of 740 000 inhabitants (Toulouse). Measurements were made of vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP) in water and of three extractable forms of phosphorus (water extractable, NaOH extractable and H2SO4 extractable) in hyporheic sediments from the gravel bars. Dissolved phosphorus was the major contributor to TP (74–79%) in both interstitial and surface waters on all sampling dates, and in most cases surface water P concentrations were significantly higher than interstitial concentrations. Hyporheic sediment TP concentrations ranged between 269 and 465 µg g−1 and were highest in fine sediment fractions. Acid‐extractable P, a non‐bioavailable form, represented at least 95% of sediment TP. A positive relationship was observed between VHG and TP in two of the gravel bars, with wells that were strongly downwelling having lower TP concentrations. These results suggest that in downwelling zones, hyporheic sediments can trap surface‐derived dissolved P, and that much of this P becomes stored in refractory particulate forms. Bioavailable P is mainly present in dissolved form and only occupies a small fraction of total P, with particulate P comprising the majority of total P. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's and adults' conceptualization and evaluation of lying and truth‐telling
Authors: Xu Fen , Luo Yang C. , Fu Genyue , Lee Kang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe present study examined children's and adults' categorization and moral judgment of truthful and untruthful statements. 7‐, 9‐ and 11‐year‐old Chinese children and college students read stories in which story characters made truthful or untruthful statements and were asked to classify and evaluate the statements. The statements varied in terms of whether the speaker intended to help or harm a listener and whether the statement was made in a setting that called for informational accuracy or politeness. Results showed that the communicative intent and setting factors jointly influence children's categorization of lying and truth‐telling, which extends an earlier finding (Lee & Ross, 1997) to childhood. Also, we found that children's and adults' moral judgments of lying and truth‐telling were influenced by the communicative intent but not the setting factor. The present results were discussed in terms of Sweetser's (1987) folkloristic model of lying. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of a novel microarray‐based diagnostic test for cancer of unknown primary
Authors: van Laar Ryan K. , Ma Xiao‐Jun , de Jong Daphne , Wehkamp Diederik , Floore Arno N. , Warmoes Marc O. , Simon Iris , Wang Wilson , Erlander Mark , van't Veer Laura J. , Glas Annuska M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPatients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) present with metastatic disease for which the primary site cannot be found, despite extensive standard investigation. Here, we describe the development and implementation of the first clinically available microarray‐based test for this cancer type (CUPPrint), based on 633 individual tumors representing 30 carcinoma and 17 noncarcinoma classes. Tissue of origin prediction for either fresh frozen or paraffin‐embedded tumor samples is achieved with the use of a custom 8‐pack 1.9k microarray and robust classification algorithm. An expression profile of 495 genes was used to predict tumor origin by applying a k‐nearest neighbor algorithm. Internal cross‐validation and analysis of an independent, previously published, 229‐sample dataset revealed that clinically informative predictions were made for up to 94% of samples analyzed. Analysis of 13 previously published CUP specimens yielded predicted tumor origins that supported the clinical suspicion in 12 cases (92%). Microarray profiling presents a promising tool to assist in the identification of the primary tumor and might direct a more tailored treatment for CUP patients. © 2009 UICC
Human Merkel cell polyomavirus infection II. MCV is a common human infection that can be detected by conformational capsid epitope immunoassays
Authors: Tolstov Yanis L. , Pastrana Diana V. , Feng Huichen , Becker Jürgen C. , Jenkins Frank J. , Moschos Stergios , Chang Yuan , Buck Christopher B. , Moore Patrick S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMerkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is a newly‐discovered human tumor virus found in ∼80% of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The rate of MCV infection among persons without MCC is unknown. We developed a MCV virus‐like particle (VLP) enzyme‐linked immunoassay (EIA) that does not cross‐react with human BK or murine polyomaviruses. Peptide mapping of the MCV VP1 gene and immunoblotting with denatured MCV VLP are less sensitive than the MCV EIA in detecting MCV antibodies suggesting antibody reactivity in this assay primarily targets conformational but not linear epitopes. Among MCC patients, all 21 (100%) patients tested with MCV‐positive tumors had high serum MCV IgG but not high MCV IgM levels. Only 3 of 6 (50%) MCC patients with MCV‐negative tumors were positive for MCV antibodies. Sera from most adults, including 107 of 166 (64%) blood donors, 63 of 100 (63%) commercial donors and 37 of 50 (74%) systemic lupus erythematosus patients, show evidence for prior MCV exposure. Age‐specific MCV prevalence was determined by examining a cross‐sectional distribution of 150 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (an unrelated neoplasm) patient sera. MCV prevalence increases from 50% among children age 15 years or younger to 80% among persons older than 50 years. We did not find evidence for vertical transmission among infants. Although past exposure to MCV is common among all adult groups, MCC patients have a markedly elevated MCV IgG response compared with control patients. Our study demonstrates that MCV is a widespread but previously unrecognized human infection. © 2009 UICC
Human Merkel cell polyomavirus infection I. MCV T antigen expression in Merkel cell carcinoma, lymphoid tissues and lymphoid tumors
Authors: Shuda Masahiro , Arora Reety , Kwun Hyun Jin , Feng Huichen , Sarid Ronit , Fernández‐Figueras María‐Teresa , Tolstov Yanis , Gjoerup Ole , Mansukhani Mahesh M. , Swerdlow Steven H. , Chaudhary Preet M. , Kirkwood John M. , Nalesnik Michael A. , Kant Jeffrey A. , Weiss Lawrence M. , Moore Patrick S. , Chang Yuan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMerkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is a recently discovered human virus closely related to African green monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus. MCV DNA is integrated in ∼80% of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC), a neuroendocrine skin cancer linked to lymphoid malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To assess MCV infection and its association with human diseases, we developed a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes endogenous and transfected MCV large T (LT) antigen. We show expression of MCV LT protein localized to nuclei of tumor cells from MCC having PCR quantified MCV genome at an average of 5.2 (range 0.8–14.3) T antigen DNA copies per cell. Expression of this putative viral oncoprotein in tumor cells provides the mechanistic underpinning supporting the notion that MCV causes a subset of MCC. In contrast, although 2.2% of 325 hematolymphoid malignancies surveyed also showed evidence for MCV infection by DNA PCR, none were positive at high viral copy numbers, and none of 173 lymphoid malignancies examined on tissue microarrays expressed MCV LT protein in tumor cells. As with some of the other human polyomaviruses, lymphocytes may serve as a tissue reservoir for MCV infection, but hematolymphoid malignancies associated with MCC are unlikely to be caused by MCV. © 2009 UICC
A case‐control study of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among Caucasian organ transplant recipients: The role of antibodies against human papillomavirus and other risk factors
Authors: Casabonne Delphine , Lally Aoife , Mitchell Liza , Michael Kristina M. , Waterboer Tim , Pawlita Michael , Imko‐Walczuk Beata , Wojnarowska Fenella , Proby Charlotte , Harwood Catherine , Newton Robert 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA case‐control study was conducted in 140 people with histology proven cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 454 controls, nested within 2 cohorts of organ transplant recipients (OTR) recruited in London and Oxford between 2002 and 2006. All participants had a skin examination, completed a questionnaire and had serum tested for antibodies against the L1 antigen of 34 HPV types using Luminex technology. SCC was more common in men than women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.8, p = 0.02) and in people with susceptibility to burn easily (OR = 3.0, 95%CI: 1.9–4.8; p < 0.001). The risk increased with increasing age (p‐trend < 0.001), increasing time since transplant (p‐trend < 0.001), increasing self‐reported number of sunburns as a child (p‐trend < 0.001) and with the presence of viral warts (p < 0.001). As expected, antibodies against HPV 16 were associated with a self‐reported history of an abnormal cervical smear among women (OR 5.1, 95%CI: 2.6–10.2) and antibodies against HPV 6 were associated with a self‐reported history of genital warts (OR 4.0, 95%CI: 2.2–7.2). However, no clear associations between any of the HPV types examined (including cutaneous betaHPVs) and SCC were identified. For example, the seroprevalence of HPV 5 was 15% among cases and 9% among controls (p = 0.09) and the seroprevalence of HPV 8 was 23% among cases and 21% among controls (p = 0.6). Nor was seropositivity to multiple types associated with SCC. These serological data do not provide evidence for a role for HPV in the aetiology of cutaneous SCC among OTR in two UK‐based populations. © 2009 UICC
Effect of astragaloside IV on the embryo‐fetal development of Sprague–Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits
Authors: Jiangbo Zhu , Xuying Wan , Yuping Zhu , Xili Ma , Yiwen Zheng , Tianbao Zhang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAstragaloside IV, a natural product purified from the Chinese medicinal herb Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge, is now being developed as a cardioprotective agent for treating cardiovascular diseases. In the present study developmental toxicity of astragaloside IV in Sprague–Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits was evaluated by intravenously administering astragaloside IV daily to rats at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg−1 on gestation days 6–15, and to rabbits at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg kg−1 daily on gestation days 6–18. Reproductive parameters were determined and fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal malformations. There was significant difference in total weight gain during and after treatment between the control group and 1.0 mg kg−1 group in rats. The percentage of fetal deaths in 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg−1 rat groups was significantly higher than that of the control group, and higher in all treatment groups than in the control in rabbits. These results indicated that astragaloside IV was maternally toxic at 1.0 mg kg−1 in rats and fetotoxic at a dose higher than 0.5 mg kg−1, but devoid of teratogenic effects in rats and rabbits. In light of these findings it is perhaps prudent to advise caution to women who might use astragaloside IV to combat cardiovascular disease during pregnancy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diminished reproductive potential of male mice in response to selenium‐induced oxidative stress: Involvement of HSP70, HSP70‐2, and MSJ‐1
Authors: Kaushal Naveen , Bansal M. P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe oxidative stress imposed by nutritional variations in selenium (Se) has plausible role in reproductive toxicology and affects the reproductive potential. Also, the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is a highly regulated event throughout the process of spermatogenesis and is modulated by stressful stimuli. This prompted us to investigate the possibility that Se‐induced oxidative stress may affect the fertility status by altering the expressions of the constitutive and inducible HSP70 proteins, having crucial role in spermatogenesis. Different Se status‐deficient, adequate, and excess, male Balb/c mice were created by feeding yeast‐based Se‐deficient diet (group I) and deficient diet supplemented with Se as sodium selenite at 0.2 and 1 ppm Se (group II and III) for a period of 8 weeks. After completion of the diet‐feeding schedule, a significant decrease in the Se and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) levels was observed in the Se‐deficient group (I), whereas Se‐excess group (III) demonstrated an increase. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and alterations in the redox status in both groups I and III indicated oxidative‐stressed conditions. There was an overall reduced fertility status in mice supplemented with Se‐deficient and Se‐excess diet. The mRNA and protein expression of HSP70 was found to be elevated in these two groups, whereas the expression patterns of HSP70‐2 and MSJ‐1 demonstrated a reverse trend. In vitro CDC2 kinase assay showed reduced kinase activity in group I and group III. These findings suggest that Se‐induced oxidative stress by differentially regulating various HSP70s can affect its downstream factors having crucially important role in differentiation of germ cells and completion of spermatogenesis. Therefore, it can provide an insight into the mechanism(s) by which the oxidative stress–induced reproductive toxicity can lead to increased apoptosis/growth arrest and infertility. This will thus add new dimensions to the molecular mechanism underlying the human male infertility and open new vistas in the development of various chemo‐preventive methods. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:125–136, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20276
Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw pretreated by alkali assisted with photocatalysis technology
Authors: Niu Kun , Chen Peng , Zhang Xu , Tan Wen‐Song 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The fermentable sugars in lignocellulose are derived from cellulose and hemicellulose, which are not readily accessible to enzymatic hydrolysis because of their biological resistance, so that pretreatment of lignocellulose is needed for this process. In this work, a novel lignocellulose pretreatment method using alkali solution assisted by photocatalysis was investigated.RESULTS: The reaction conditions of nano‐TiO2 dosage and photocatalysis time were optimized at 2 g L−1 and 1 h, respectively. After pretreatment under these conditions, cellulose in rice straw was increased from 37.5% to 71.5%, and lignin decreased from 18.5% to 9.0%. The results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the physical properties and microstructure of the straw were changed by this pretreatment, which favored the following enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis rate of the straw pretreated using this technology was verified to be 73.96%, which was 2.56 times higher than that obtained with the alkali procedure.CONCLUSION: The proposed photocatalysis pretreatment technology was more efficient at degrading the lignin and hemicellulose in rice straw than alkali pretreatment, making it more readily available for the following enzymatic hydrolysis process. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Edge disjoint Steiner trees in graphs without large bridges
Authors: Kriesell Matthias 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA set A of vertices of an undirected graph G is called k‐edge‐connected in G if for all pairs of distinct vertices a, b∈A, there exist k edge disjoint a, b‐paths in G. An A‐tree is a subtree of G containing A, and an A‐bridge is a subgraph B of G which is either formed by a single edge with both end vertices in A or formed by the set of edges incident with the vertices of some component of G − A. It is proved that (i) if A is k·(ℓ + 2)‐edge‐connected in G and every A‐bridge has at most ℓ vertices in V(G) − A or at most ℓ + 2 vertices in A then there exist k edge disjoint A‐trees, and that (ii) if A is k‐edge‐connected in G and B is an A‐bridge such that B is a tree and every vertex in V(B) − A has degree 3 then either A is k‐edge‐connected in G − e for some e∈E(B) or A is (k − 1)‐edge‐connected in G − E(B). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62: 188–198, 2009
Classical eigenvalue mode‐spectrum analysis of multiple‐ridged rectangular and circular waveguides for the design of narrowband waveguide components
Authors: Yu Seng Yong , Bornemann Jens 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA classical eigenvalue mode‐spectrum analysis of waveguides with multi‐ridged cross sections is presented and applied to the design of narrowband waveguide components in rectangular and circular waveguide technology. Modifications of the modes of the empty waveguide enclosures are used as expansion functions and lead to a classical, real and symmetric eigenvalue problem. A simple yet efficient constraint function is introduced to satisfy boundary conditions for TM modes. The number and locations of ridges positioned in a regular rectangular or circular waveguide enclosure is arbitrary. Measurements and comparisons with results from existing full‐wave modeling tools and commercially available field solvers verify the correctness and flexibility of the approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships between tropical cyclones and heavy rainfall in the Carolina region of the USA
Authors: Konrad Charles E. , Perry L. Baker 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA strong association exists between exceptionally heavy rainfall and the movement of tropical cyclones (i.e. tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes) across the Carolina region of the USA. There is much variability, however, in the precipitation totals associated with each tropical cyclone. This variability is at least partially tied to various interactions between mid‐latitude features and the moisture plume that is advected around the tropical cyclone. In the first part of this study, a 55‐year precipitation events climatology is constructed that quantifies the influence of tropical cyclones on precipitation events with varying return intervals. In particular, it shows that the majority of the heaviest precipitation events in the eastern three‐quarters of the region are associated with tropical cyclones. In the second part of this study, a synoptic climatology is developed that reveals the relationships between precipitation totals and various atmospheric variables. The variables include the speed of movement, size, and strength of the tropical system as well as the relative position and strength of various synoptic features surrounding the tropical system. These synoptic features include the location of fronts, regions of upper level divergence and areas of high water vapor contents in the atmosphere. A tree regression model is used to develop a classification that summarizes these multivariate relationships. Four classes of tropical cyclones are identified that effectively differentiate tropical cyclones that produce relatively light versus extraordinarily heavy rainfall. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society