bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced controller research for multi‐MW wind turbines in the UPWIND project
Authors: Bossanyi E. , Savini B. , Iribas M. , Hau M. , Fischer B. , Schlipf D. , van Engelen T. , Rossetti M. , Carcangiu C. E. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTFurther improvements in the cost‐effectiveness of wind turbines drives designers towards larger, lighter, more flexiblestructures in which more ‘intelligent’ control systems play an important part in actively reducing the applied structural loads, avoiding the need for wind turbines to simply withstand the full force of the applied loads through the use of stronger, heavier and therefore more expensive structures. Controller research within the UPWIND project has been aimed at further developing such control strategies and ensuring that new, often larger and innovative turbines can be designed to use these techniques from the start. For this to be possible, it is important to build up full confidence in the effectiveness and the reliability of these strategies in all situations.To this end, the work reported in this paper covers several different aspects:

full‐scale field testing to build confidence in the effectiveness of advanced control strategies;
further development of advanced control strategies to prevent unwelcome side effects in any of the load cases that have to be considered during the design;
the possibility of blades employing dual‐pitch control;
development of load estimation techniques that can reduce reliance on additional sensors that would otherwise be required;
investigating the potential of light detection and ranging assisted feed‐forward pitch control to mitigate extreme and fatigue loads;
using system identification methods to improve controller tuning.The detailed results of the work presented in this paper are available in the published reports of the Control Systems work package of the UPWIND project. These reports also cover other results of the work package, which are not reported here, such as control during network faults such as voltage dips, voltage control at the point of connection to the network and gradual cut‐out of wind turbines to improve output predictability in high winds. A summary report is also available. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Results of the 2nd Scientific Workshop of the ECCO (III): Basic mechanisms of intestinal healing
Authors: Rieder Florian , Karrasch Thomas , Ben-Horin Shomron , Schirbel Anja , Ehehalt Robert , Wehkamp Jan , de Haar Colin , Velin Dominique , Latella Giovanni , Scaldaferri Franco , Rogler Gerhard , Higgins Peter , Sans Miquel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe second scientific workshop of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) focused on the relevance of intestinal healing for the disease course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective was to better understand basic mechanisms, markers for disease prediction, detection and monitoring of intestinal healing, impact of intestinal healing on the disease course of IBD as well as therapeutic strategies. The results of this workshop are presented in four separate manuscripts. This section describes basic mechanisms of intestinal healing, identifies open questions in the field and provides a framework for future studies.
Volume of the Human Septal Forebrain Region Is a Predictor of Source Memory Accuracy
Authors: Butler Tracy , Blackmon Karen , Zaborszky Laszlo , Wang Xiuyuan , DuBois Jonathan , Carlson Chad , Barr William B. , French Jacqueline , Devinsky Orrin , Kuzniecky Ruben , Halgren Eric , Thesen Thomas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSeptal nuclei, components of basal forebrain, are strongly and reciprocally connected with hippocampus, and have been shown in animals to play a critical role in memory. In humans, the septal forebrain has received little attention. To examine the role of human septal forebrain in memory, we acquired high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans from 25 healthy subjects and calculated septal forebrain volume using recently developed probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps. We indexed memory with the California Verbal Learning Test-II. Linear regression showed that bilateral septal forebrain volume was a significant positive predictor of recognition memory accuracy. More specifically, larger septal forebrain volume was associated with the ability to recall item source/context accuracy. Results indicate specific involvement of septal forebrain in human source memory, and recall the need for additional research into the role of septal nuclei in memory and other impairments associated with human diseases. (JINS, 2012, 18, 157–161)
Desmoplakin is Important for Proper Cardiac Cell-Cell Interactions
Authors: Bowers Stephanie L.K. , McFadden William A. , Borg Thomas K. , Baudino Troy A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNormal cardiac function is maintained through dynamic interactions of cardiac cells with each other and with the extracellular matrix. These interactions are important for remodeling during cardiac growth and pathophysiological conditions. However, the precise mechanisms of these interactions remain unclear. In this study we examined the importance of desmoplakin (DSP) in cardiac cell-cell interactions. Cell-cell communication in the heart requires the formation and preservation of cell contacts by cell adhesion junctions called desmosome-like structures. A major protein component of this complex is DSP, which plays a role in linking the cytoskeletal network to the plasma membrane. Our laboratory previously generated a polyclonal antibody (1611) against the detergent soluble fraction of cardiac fibroblast plasma membrane. In attempting to define which proteins 1611 recognizes, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified DSP as one of the major proteins recognized by 1611. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that 1611 was able to directly pulldown DSP. We also demonstrate that 1611 and anti-DSP antibodies co-localize in whole heart sections. Finally, using a three-dimensionalin vitrocell-cell interaction assay, we demonstrate that 1611 can inhibit cell-cell interactions. These data indicate that DSP is an important protein for cell-cell interactions and affects a variety of cellular functions, including cytokine secretion.
Polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs
Authors: Opriessnig T. , Giménez-Lirola L. G. , Halbur P. G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRespiratory disease in pigs is common in modern pork production worldwide and is often referred to as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). PRDC is polymicrobial in nature, and results from infection with various combinations of primary and secondary respiratory pathogens. As a true multifactorial disease, environmental conditions, population size, management strategies and pig-specific factors such as age and genetics also play critical roles in the outcome of PRDC. While non-infectious factors are important in the initiation and outcome of cases of PRDC, the focus of this review is on infectious factors only. There are a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens commonly associated with PRDC including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2),Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae(MHYO) andPasteurella multocida(PMULT). The pathogenesis of viral respiratory disease is typically associated with destruction of the mucocilliary apparatus and with interference and decrease of the function of pulmonary alveolar and intravascular macrophages. Bacterial pathogens often contribute to PRDC by activation of inflammation via enhanced cytokine responses. With recent advancements in pathogen detection methods, the importance of polymicrobial disease has become more evident, and identification of interactions of pathogens and their mechanisms of disease potentiation has become a topic of great interest. For example, combined infection of pigs with typically low pathogenic organisms like PCV2 and MHYO results in severe respiratory disease. Although the body of knowledge has advanced substantially in the last 15 years, much more needs to be learned about the pathogenesis and best practices for control of swine respiratory disease outbreaks caused by concurrent infection of two or more pathogens. This review discusses the latest findings on polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs.
The construction of the claims reserve distribution by means of a semi-Markov backward simulation model
Authors: Gismondi Fulvio , Janssen Jacques , Manca Raimondo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe claims reserving problem is currently one of the most debated in actuarial literature. The high level of interest in this topic is due to the fact that Solvency II rules will come into operation in 2014. Indeed, it is expected that quantile computations will be compulsory in the evaluation of company risk and for this reason we think that the construction of the claims reserve random variable distribution assumes a fundamental relevance.The aim of this paper is to present a method for constructing the claims reserve distribution which can take into account IBNyR (Issued But Not yet Reported) claims in a natural way. The construction of the distribution function for each time of the observed interval is done by means of a Monte Carlo simulation model applied on a backward time semi-Markov process. It should be pointed out that this is the first time that a simulation model based on semi-Markov with backward recurrence time has been presented. The method is totally different from the models given in the current literature.The most important features given in the paper are:1) for the first time the Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to a backward semi-Markov environment;2) the Monte Carlo simulation permits the construction of the random variable of the claims reserve for each year of the studied horizon in a natural way;3) as already pointed out, the backward process attached to the semi-Markov process permits taking into account the evaluation of the IBNyR claims in a natural way.In the last part of the paper an applicative example constructed from tables that summarise 4 years of claims from an important Italian insurance company will be given.
Changes in the magnetotail configuration before near‐Earth reconnection
Authors: Snekvik K. , Tanskanen E. , Østgaard N. , Laundal K. , Gordeev E. I. , Borg A. L. 
Published: December 2011

We have examined three typical substorm growth phase signatures in the magnetotail two hours before near Earth reconnection; namely current sheet thinning, field line stretching and increase in the lobe magnetic pressure. The reconnection events were identified from in situ measurements in the plasma sheet by the Cluster spacecraft. The events were signified by high speed plasma flows, often lasting more than one hour. The list of events contains time intervals with high solar wind driving and strong intensification in the auroral westward electrojet, and other intervals with weak driving and no intensification in the electrojet. Irrespective of the amount of driving, there was usually a significant thinning of the current sheet prior to the reconnection onsets. Multispacecraft measurements of the magnetic field revealed that the average thinning was from 24000 to 12000 km, lasting about an hour. In those events without thinning, the current sheet was thin for an extended period before reconnection. Furthermore, the thinning happens even when there is no increase in the lobe magnetic pressure in the same time interval. The magnetotail is often stretched for a long time before reconnection onset, and reconnection seems to commence only when the current sheet is thin enough. In those events with large increase in the lobe magnetic pressure before onset, there is also significant field line stretching.
Effects of forestry operations on dissolved organic carbon concentrations and export in boreal first‐order streams
Authors: Schelker J. , Eklöf K. , Bishop K. , Laudon H. 
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of clear‐cutting and site preparation on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and export in four boreal headwater streams in northern Sweden. The data set included intensive stream water monitoring from 2 years of pretreatment conditions (2004–2005), a 2 year post‐clear‐cut period (2006–2007), and a 2 year period after site preparation (2008–2009). To investigate differences in [DOC], an analysis of variance on ranks was performed on the data sets. Clear‐cutting increased the median DOC concentrations significantly from 15.9 to 20.4 mg L−1, which represents a net increase (treatment versus control) of 3.0 mg L−1 in the 2006–2007 period. Site preparation had an even more profound effect on DOC levels; an increase from 20.4 to 27.6 mg L−1was found in the site‐prepared catchments, whereas the control sites increased slightly from 17.4 to 21.4 mg L−1during the wetter years of 2008–2009. Riverine C fluxes increased significantly by 100% after clear‐cutting and by 79% after site preparation (92% and 195%, respectively, if compared to pretreatment conditions). When comparing these yearly C fluxes (183 kg C ha−1 yr−1after clear‐cutting; 280 kg C ha−1 yr−1after site preparation) to the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of a forest in the region, the DOC flux represented 10% of NEE before harvest, increased to 18% after the clear‐cut, and increased to 28% after site preparation. These results underline the large impact of forestry operations on stream water quality as well as DOC exports leaving managed boreal forests.
Endurance and sprint benefits of high‐intensity and supramaximal interval training
Authors: Cicioni‐Kolsky Daniel , Lorenzen Christian , Williams Morgan David , Kemp Justin Guy 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study examined the effect of two different interval training programs–high‐intensity interval training (HIT) and supramaximal interval training (SMIT)–on measures of sprint and endurance performance. Physically active individuals (Females: n=32; age 19.3, s=2.2 years; mass 67.6, s=9.1 kg; stature 172.7, s=6.6 cm. Males: n=23; age 20.0, s=2.7 years; mass 71.3, s=8.3 kg; stature 176.6, s=5.8 cm) completed pre‐testing that comprised (1) 3000 m time‐trial, (2) 40 m sprint, and (3) repeated sprint ability (RSA–6×40 m sprints, 24 s active recovery) performance. Participants were then matched for average 3000 m running velocity (AV) and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (i) HIT, n=19, 4 min at 100% AV, 4 min passive recovery, 4–6 bouts per session; (ii) SMIT, n=20, 30 s at 130% AV, 150 s passive recovery, 7–12 bouts per session; and (iii) control group, n=16, 30 min continuous running at 75% AV. Groups trained three times per week for six weeks. When time to complete each test were compared among groups: (i) improvements in 3000 m time trial performance were greater following SMIT than continuous running, and (ii) improvements in 40 m sprint and RSA performance were greater following SMIT than HIT and continuous running. In addition, a gender effect was observed for the 3000 m time trial only, where females changed more following the training intervention than males. In summary, for concurrent improvements in endurance, sprint and repeated sprint performance, SMIT provides the greatest benefits for physically active individuals.
Reduced fat oxidation during high intensity, submaximal exercise: is the availability of carnitine important?
Authors: Wall Benjamin T. , Stephens Francis B. , van Loon Luc J.C. , Constantin‐Teodosiu Dumitru , Macdonald Ian A. , Greenhaff Paul L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe increased energy demand that occurs with incremental exercise intensity is met by increases in the oxidation of both endogenous fat and carbohydrate stores up to an intensity of ~70% V˙O2max in trained individuals. However, when exercise intensity increases beyond this workload, fat oxidation rates decline, both from a relative and absolute perspective. As endogenous glycogen use is accelerated, glycogen stores can become depleted, ultimately resulting in fatigue and the inability to maintain high intensity, submaximal exercise (>70% V˙O2max). Despite a considerable accumulation of knowledge that has been gained over the past half century, the precise mechanism(s) regulating muscle fuel selection and underpinning the aforementioned decline in fat oxidation remain largely unclear. A greater understanding would undoubtedly lead to novel strategies to increase fat utilization and, as such, improve exercise capacity. The present review primarily addresses one of the most prominent theories to explain the phenomenon of diminished fat oxidation during high intensity, submaximal exercise; a reduced availability of muscle free carnitine for mitochondrial fat translocation. This is discussed in the light of recent work in this area taking advantage of the discovery that muscle carnitine content can be increased in vivo in humans. Furthermore, the evidence supporting the recently proposed theory that reduced muscle co‐enzyme A availability to several key enzymes in the fat oxidation pathway may also exert a degree of control over muscle fuel selection during exercise is also considered. Strong correlational evidence exists that muscle free carnitine availability is likely to be a key limiting factor to fat oxidation during high intensity, submaximal exercise. However, it is concluded that further intervention studies manipulating the muscle carnitine pool in humans are required to establish a direct causal role. In addition, it is concluded that while a depletion of muscle coenzyme A availability during exercise also offers a viable mechanism for impairing fat oxidation, at present, this remains speculative.
Omnidirectional photonic bangap in dielectric mirrors: a comparative study
Authors: Ariza-Flores David , Gaggero-Sager L M , Agarwal V 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We report the theoretical comparison of the omnidirectional photonic band gap (OPBG) of one-dimensional dielectric photonic structures, using three different refractive index profiles: sinusoidal, Gaussian and Bragg. For different values of optical thickness, the tunability of the OPBG of each profile is shown to depend on the maximum, minimum and the difference of the refractive indices. An experimental verification was carried out with a multilayered dielectric porous silicon structure for all the three profiles. The optimal combination of refractive indices for each structure which generates the maximum OPBG has also been calculated. Such study can be useful to design the required OPBG structures for photonic applications.
Experimental and theoretical study of dynamic effects in low-frequency capacitively coupled discharges
Authors: Braginsky O , Kovalev A , Lopaev D , Proshina O , Rakhimova T , Vasilieva A , Voloshin D , Zyryanov S 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A low-frequency capacitively coupled radio-frequency (rf) discharge in Ar excited at 1.76 MHz is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Experimental measurements of electron concentration, discharge voltage and current are presented for a wide range of rf input powers. The rf current shape is nonsinusoidal, close to the triangle one. The evolution of Ar(2p1) emission excitation function in the interelectrode gap during an rf cycle is measured using the phase-resolved optical emission spectroscopy technique. Theoretical study is based on the particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision numerical simulation. Specific dynamic features of the low-frequency discharge are discussed. The important role of secondary electrons in discharge maintenance and power balance is shown. This study is crucial for understanding dual-frequency discharges with a corresponding value of low frequency.
Graphene field-effect transistors
Authors: Reddy Dharmendar , Register Leonard F , Carpenter Gary D , Banerjee Sanjay K 
Published: December 2011

Our discussions on pages 11 and 12 of our recently published review paper in this journal were influenced in part by the discussions within an earlier work on the same subject by F Schwierz [1], including, in particular, the observations on lines 41–43 of the body text in the right column of page 11 and lines 17–19 and 30–33 in left column of page 12. The citation was lost during preparation of the manuscript. We sincerely apologize for this oversight.Reference[1] Schwierz F 2010Nat.Nano.5487–96
Pyrophosphate-Dependent Fructose-6-Phosphate 1-Phosphotransferase Induction and Attenuation of Hsp Gene Expression during Endosperm Modification in Quality Protein Maize
Authors: Guo Xiaomei , Ronhovde Kyla , Yuan Lingling , Yao Bo , Soundararajan Madhavan P. , Elthon Thomas , Zhang Chi , Holding David R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is a hard-endosperm version of the high-lysine opaque2 (o2) maize (Zea mays) mutant, but the genes involved in modification of the soft o2 endosperm are largely unknown. Pyrophosphate-dependent fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PFP) catalyzes the ATP-independent conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in glycolysis. We found a large increase in transcript and protein levels of the α-regulatory subunit of PFP (PFPα) in QPM endosperm. In vitro enzyme assays showed a significant increase in forward PFP activity in developing endosperm extracts of QPM relative to the wild type and o2. An expressed retrogene version of PFPα of unknown function that was not up-regulated in QPM was also identified. The elevated expression levels of a number of ATP-requiring heat shock proteins (Hsps) in o2 endosperm are ameliorated in QPM. PFPα is also coinduced with Hsps in maize roots in response to heat, cold, and the unfolded protein response stresses. We propose that reduced ATP availability resulting from the generalized Hsp response in addition to the reduction of pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase activity in o2 endosperm is compensated in part by increased PFP activity in QPM.
Twelve‐Step attendance trajectories over 7 years among adolescents entering substance use treatment in an integrated health plan
Authors: Chi Felicia W. , Campbell Cynthia I. , Sterling Stacy , Weisner Constance 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAims  This study examines 12‐Step attendance trajectories over 7 years, factors associated with the trajectories, and relationships between the trajectories and long‐term substance use outcomes among adolescents entering out‐patient substance use treatment in a private, non‐profit integrated managed‐care health plan.Design  Longitudinal observational study.Setting  Four Kaiser Permanente Northern California substance use treatment programs.Participants  A total of 391 adolescents entering treatment between 2000 and 2002 who completed at least one follow‐up interview in year 1, and at least one during years 3–7, after treatment entry.Measurements  Alcohol and drug use, 12‐Step meeting attendance and activity involvement and post‐treatment medical service utilization.Findings  Semiparametric group‐based modeling identified three distinct 12‐Step attendance trajectory groups over 7 years: low/no attendance (60%), early but not continued (26%) and continued (14%). There were lower proportions of males and of adolescents with prior substance use treatment experience in the low/no attendance group (P = 0.019 and P = 0.003, respectively). In addition, those in the low/no attendance group had lower perception on circumstances, motivation and readiness for treatment at baseline (P = 0.023). Multivariate logistic generalized estimating equation analyses found that those in the continued group were more likely to be abstinent from both alcohol and drugs during follow‐ups than those in the low/no attendance group [odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, P = 0.003 and OR = 1.96, P = 0.026, respectively]. However, no differences in long‐term outcomes were found between those in the other two groups.Conclusion  Robust connection with 12‐Step groups appears to be associated with better long‐term outcomes among adolescents with substance use disorders.