bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the potential uptake of microplastic-derived carbon into a boreal lake food web using carbon-13 labelled plastic
Authors: Graves Stephanie , Chen Shao-Min , McNamee Rachel , Rodrigues Tazi H. , Hayden Brian , Rochman Chelsea M. , Provencher Jennifer F. , Rennie Michael D. , Layton-Matthews Daniel , Leybourne Matthew , Sherwood Owen A. , Orihel Diane M. 
Published: February 2025

Microplastics degrade slowly over time, leaching carbon (C) that could be subsequently incorporated into aquatic food webs. Current estimates of microplastic degradation vary, and little is known about microplastic-derived C fate under natural environmental conditions. To investigate whether microplastics leach C that is subsequently incorporated into aquatic food webs, we added isotopically enriched microplastics to Lake 378 at the Experimental Lakes Area in Ontario, Canada. In an ∼1100 L limnocorral (in situ open-bottom enclosure), we added 99% 13C-labelled polystyrene (8–216 µm in longest dimension) at a nominal concentration of 3268 particles/L. A second limnocorral without microplastics served as a negative control. Monthly measurements of δ13C-DIC and δ13C-DOC in filtered water revealed no detectable leaching of 13C from the plastic. Compound-specific isotope analysis of δ13C in amino acids of bulk plankton and periphyton revealed a slight (0.5‰) enrichment in 13C, within the range of natural variability for these organisms. Under the natural conditions of temperate oligotrophic lakes, degradation of microplastics is likely a very slow process that was not possible to detect in this 4-month experiment. Future studies should focus on assessing degradation of microplastics under realistic field scenarios to improve estimates of degradation pathways and associated time scales.
Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Study of a Herbal Formulation Containing Asparagus racemosus, Tinospora cordifolia, and Trigonella foenum-graceum in Mice
Authors: Maru Saurabh , Belemkar Sateesh 
Published: February 2025

Background: The synergistic activity of compounds in herbal drugs has been well established by multiple scientific studies. The compounds present in plants may have increased toxicity and increased efficacy. Owing to the notion that traditional medicines do not have any adverse effects, these are used heftily.Aim: The present study was designed to assess the toxicity of an herbal drug consisting of Asparagus racemosus roots, Tinospora cordifolia stems, and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds extract blend (ATTEB), which is widely employed as an antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulator, adaptogen, female tonic, galactagogue, etc.Methodology: The current study evaluated its safety by acute (OECD 423) and subacute (OECD 407) repeated‐dose toxicity studies. A phytochemical investigation was carried out and revealed the presence of principal bioactive constituents. A genotoxicity study was performed by micronucleus assay. Gross necroscopy of the animals was performed, and behavioral, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological studies were performed.Results: In the acute toxicity study, there was no mortality and no significant changes in behavior, organ structure, or organ weight, as observed by gross necroscopy of the animals, at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg BW. In a 28‐day repeated‐dose toxicity study, up to a daily dose of 1000 mg/kg BW, there was no evidence of toxicity. No significant genotoxicity was observed in the mice.Conclusion: The LD50 found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg BW with NOAEL at 1000 mg/kg BW in mice. It was found to be free from any genotoxicity. The herbal drug was found to be safe to level of category 4 and can be used further for clinical studies.
РЕВАСКУЛЯРИЗАЦІЯ ІНФРАІНГВІНАЛЬНОГО АРТЕРІАЛЬНОГО РУСЛА В УМОВАХ СТЕНОТИЧНО-ОКЛЮЗІЙНОГО УРАЖЕННЯ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ЕНДОВАСКУЛЯРНИХ ТА ГІБРИДНИХ МЕТОДІВ
Authors: КОСТІВ С. Я. , ЦЮПРИК Н. І. 
Published: February 2025

Мета роботи: вивчити та оцінити результати ендоваскулярних та гібридних методів реваскуляризації у пацієнтів із захворюваннями периферійних артерій і супутнім цукровим діабетом (ЦД).
Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз обстеження та хірургічного лікування 241 пацієнта зі стенотично-оклюзійним атеросклеротичним ураженням інфраінгвінального сегмента. Хворих поділили на 2 групи. Першу (I) склали 144 пацієнти (59,7 %) із атеросклеротичним стенотично-оклюзійним процесом інфраінгвінального сегмента, другу (II) групу – 97 (40,2 %) осіб з атеросклерозом інфраінгвінального сегмента і супутнім ЦД 2 типу. За типами проведених оперативних втручань пацієнтів кожної групи поділили на дві підгрупи – ендоваскулярні (А) та гібридні (В). Серед хворих першої групи у ІА-підгрупу увійшло 98 (40,6 %) осіб, а в ІВ-підгрупу – 46 (19,0 %). Серед пацієнтів другої групи ІІА-підгрупу склали 63 (26,1 %) хворих, а ІІВ – 34 (14,1 %). Для достовірної оцінки результатів операцій із дослідження були виключені пацієнти тільки з відкритими методами реконструкції.
Результати. Як на доопераційному етапі, так і в усіх періодах після проведення оперативного втручання спостерігали тенденцію до меншого значення кісточково-плечового індексу (КПІ) відносно норми в обох підгрупах, однак стосовно початкових показників, то після реваскуляризації індекс зростав у обох підгрупах. У пацієнтів із тривалістю ЦД більше 10 років на доопераційному етапі значення КПІ перевищували норму, на противагу цьому показники КПІ в осіб із супутнім ЦД, що тривав менше 10 років, були нижче від норми. Проте у даної групи пацієнтів на усіх етапах післяопераційного періоду, незалежно від вибору методу оперативного лікування, показник КПІ зростав. При порівнянні показників рівня TcpO2 у першій та другій групах встановлено, що рівні напруги кисню були нижчими у пацієнтів із ЦД порівняно з особами без супутнього ЦД як на початку, так і після оперативного втручання.
Висновки. Застосування сучасних методів реваскуляризації у пацієнтів із стенотично-оклюзійними ураженнями інфраінгвінального артеріального русла дозволяє суттєво покращити кровопостачання ішемізованих сегментів у нижній кінцівці, особливо при супутньому ЦД.
Adolescentes gays, bissexuais e outros homens que fazem sexo com homens: interseccionalidade e continuum de cuidado de PrEP
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Araújo de , Santos Lorruan Alves dos , Zucchi Eliana Miura , Massa Paula , Grangeiro Alexandre , Couto Marcia Thereza 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of intersecting systems of oppression on the continuum of PrEP care among adolescent gays, bisexuals, and other men who have sex with men (aGBMSM), and to examine how health professionals (HP) identify and address these challenges to provide sexual health care and HIV prevention. METHODS: This qualitative exploratory study was part of a cohort research project involving aGBMSM, travesties, and transgender women (aTrTW) using PrEP. Data analyzed consisted of 16 interviews with aGBMSM and eight with health professionals (HPs) in São Paulo study site. The methodological and theoretical framework for the interactive categorization of thematic analysis was based on an intersectional approach. RESULTS: The knowledge of aGBMSM about PrEP was influenced by the adverse effects of systems of oppression, particularly among Black adolescents, who acquired knowledge in a less technical manner compared to White adolescents. Most professionals recognized oppression and its impact on the PrEP care continuum (PrEPCC), especially noting the presence of racism. However, few articulated how different social markers compound barriers to the success of the PrEPCC. CONCLUSION: Social oppression affects the success of the PrEP care continuum (PrEPCC) in multiple ways. Health professionals (HPs) play a crucial role in mitigating and not perpetuating these negative experiences within health services, as well as in PrEP access, use, and adherence.
Oferta de PrEP em organizações comunitárias: estudo comparativo com serviços convencionais
Authors: Grangeiro Alexandre , Massa Paula Andrea , Escuder Maria Mercedes , Zucchi Eliana Miura , Sala Eliane Aparecida , Oliveira Eduardo Araujo de , Fini Raphaela , Dourado Inês , Magno Laio , Leite Beo Oliveira , Bruxvoort Katia , MacCarthy Sarah , Couto Marcia Thereza , Peres Maria Fernanda Tourinho 
Published: February 2025

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se adolescentes de minorias sexuais que iniciaram a profilaxia pré-exposição sexual (PrEP) em organizações comunitárias (OC) apresentam maior vulnerabilidade social e ao HIV em comparação com adolescentes em PrEP de um serviço de saúde convencional. Além disso, avaliar se esses adolescentes tiveram um acesso mais oportuno à profilaxia. MÉTODO: Estudo demonstrativo da efetividade de PrEP, realizado na cidade de São Paulo, em duas OC, localizadas no centro (OC-centro) e na periferia (OC-periferia), e em um serviço convencional de testagem para o HIV (CTA-centro). Foram elegíveis para PrEP, entre 2020 e 2022, adolescentes homens cisgêneros que fazem sexo com homens (aHSH), travestis, mulheres transexuais e pessoas transfemininas (aTTrans) -, de 15 a 19 anos, HIV-negativos, com práticas de maior risco para o HIV. Indicadores de acesso oportuno e de vulnerabilidades dos adolescentes iniciando PrEP nas OC foram analisados, tendo por referência o CTA-centro e empregando regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS: 608 adolescentes iniciaram PrEP nas OC e CTA-Centro. Adolescentes das OC estiveram associados a um menor tempo de início de PrEP (1–7 dias; OC-periferia: ORa = 2,91; IC95% 1,22–6,92; OC-centro: ORa = 1,91; IC95% 1,10–3,31); e a um menor IDH de moradia (OC-centro: ORa = 0,97; IC95% 0,94–1,00; OC-periferia: ORa = 0,82; IC95% 0,78–0,86). Na OC-periferia houve aumento na chance de os adolescentes serem mais jovens (ORa = 3,06; IC95% 1,63–5,75) e morarem mais próximos ao serviço (ORa = 0,82; IC95% 0,78–0,86, média 7,8 km). Enquanto adolescentes da OC-centro estiveram associados ao maior conhecimento prévio de PrEP (ORa = 2,01; IC95% 1,10–3,91) e a alta percepção de risco (ORa = 2,02; IC95% 1,18–3,44). Não estiveram associadas aos adolescentes das OC as práticas sexuais de maior risco e as situações de vulnerabilidade ao HIV. CONCLUSÃO: A oferta de PrEP nas OC facilitou o acesso de adolescentes vulnerabilizados e pode contribuir para reduzir inequidades.
Risco e prazer em tempos de sexo farmacologicamente seguro
Authors: Duarte Filipe Mateus , Brasil Sandra Assis , Lima Mônica , Vidal Jardel da Silva , Magno Laio , Dourado Inês , Silva Luís Augusto Vasconcelos da 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE: This article discusses how Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and the undetectable viral load=untransmissible (UVL=U) have produced reconfigurations in the contexts of affective-sexual encounters of young gay men/men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV (YLHIV). METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with nine YLHIV, aged 18 to 29, from two studies conducted in Salvador, Bahia, in 2019 and 2021. The narratives focused on unprecedented events in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, which have allowed experiences of greater intimacy and safety but also challenges and tensions in affective-sexual relationships. RESULTS: Different moments in the experience of living with HIV reveal different narratives of YLHIV concerning the new PrEP and UVL biotechnologies. Concerns surrounding possible HIV transmission or the obligation to reveal serology are more prominent among young people with the most recent diagnosis. In contrast, those with more extended serology experience are more comfortable and confident in the face of new technologies and their significant effects on sexual encounters. However, controversies remain regarding the moral and behavioral consequences of their use. Some YLHIV re-update concerns and bring reports about the continuity of stigma toward people living with HIV. Others emphasize the benefits of biomedical advances, opening up new interactive possibilities, including without the use of condoms, highlighting the existence of other practices, knowledge, dynamics, and ways of negotiating risk/care, with tensions in the field of sexuality itself. CONCLUSIONS: We reiterate the need to resume public policies in the field of HIV/AIDS beyond biomedical strategies, highlighting vulnerabilities, the dissemination of information about new HIV prevention and treatment technologies, respect for people’s autonomy in their preventive choices, and the development of strategies to combat the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS.
Recent HIV infections and estimated HIV incidence among adolescents from key populations
Authors: Zeballos Diana , Soares Fabiane , Magno Laio , Szwarcwald Celia Landmann , Ferreira Orlando , Westin Mateus , Greco Dirceu , Grangeiro Alexandre , Dourado Inês 
Published: February 2025

OBJETIVE: To identify recent HIV-1 infection and estimate HIV incidence among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW) in Brazil. METHODS: From January to December 2020, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted with baseline data from the PrEP1519 study, an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demonstration cohort in Brazil among sexually active AMSM/ATGW aged 15–19. For enrollment, participants were screened with a fourth-generation HIV rapid test. The recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) included a recency assay in blood specimens, viral load, and CD4 cell count prior to antiretroviral treatment use. Among these participants, RITA-based HIV incidence was estimated using a mean duration of recency infection of 214 days and a false-recent rate of 0.02. RESULTS: Out of the 494 participants screened, 21 tested positive for HIV. Following RITA, five adolescents had a recent HIV infection, 14 had long-term infections, and two did not have blood specimens available. We classified these two participants as long-term infection cases due to CD4 cell counts and previous use of antiretroviral treatment. Among those who tested positive, all but one were AMSM (94.7%), 73.6% were aged 18–19, and 76.2% were non-White. The HIV prevalence was 4.2%, and the estimated HIV incidence was 1.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated incidence highlights the need for targeted HIV prevention interventions, such as PrEP, for sexual minority adolescents. Integrating RITA into routine HIV testing services for this population provides valuable information on the current HIV epidemic. This strategy can aid in monitoring the effectiveness of prevention efforts and improving early entry to HIV care.
Dynamics of HIV self-testing uptake among sexual and gender minorities: pre and during COVID-19
Authors: Magno Laio , Ferraz Dulce , Zucchi Eliana Miura , Junior Jony Arrais Pinto , Soares Fabiane , Grangeiro Alexandre , Greco Dirceu , Dourado Ines 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with HIV self-testing (HIVST) uptake among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and adolescent transgender women (ATGW) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional HIVST uptake study was conducted among AMSM and ATGW. Peer educators and health professionals began providing HIVST in February 2019. The outcome was the HIVST uptake before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The association between each predictor and outcome in each period was analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regressions, estimating odds ratios, and their respective 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The uptake was 229/510 (44.9%) and 382/1,075 (35.5%) before and during the pandemic. During the pre-pandemic period, HIVST uptake was higher in participants who reported receptive anal sex. During the pandemic, uptake was lower in participants with a steady sexual partner and higher in those with frequent oral sex with a steady partner in the previous three months. Before and during the pandemic, HIVST uptake was lower in ATGW and higher in those aged 18–19 years and in participants who lived alone. CONCLUSIONS: Uptake decreased during the pandemic. Sexual behavioral factors associated with HIVST uptake changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, showing the fluid dynamics of sexuality in AMSM and ATGW during this period. HIV programs can optimize the implementation of HIVST among adolescents and young people by incorporating effective and differentiated service delivery models to increase HIV testing uptake and to reach undiagnosed individuals effectively.
East and South Asian-Specific Blood Pressure Trajectories and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Cho So Mi J. , Urbut Sarah , Ruan Yunfeng , Bhatnagar Aarushi , Ganesh Shriienidhie , Hornsby Whitney E. , Bhattacharya Romit , Honigberg Michael C. , Juraschek Stephen P. , Yang Eugene , Shimbo Daichi , Natarajan Pradeep 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk differs across Asian subgroups, possibly due to differences in hypertension burden. We characterized lifetime blood pressure (BP) trajectories for East and South Asian individuals and compared their associations with CVD risk.

METHODS:
Among 148 872 UK Biobank participants with primary care utilization data, life course BP trajectories were fitted as a function of age by sex according to self-identified ethnicity. We determined associations of time-averaged young adulthood (18–39 years), middle age (40–64 years), and later life (≥65 years) systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP with incident atherosclerotic CVD risk.

RESULTS:

The predicted SBP/diastolic BP (95% CI) at age 30 years was 108 (103–114)/68 (65–71) mm Hg for East Asian and 114 (110–118)/72 (71–73) mm Hg for South Asian individuals. By age 40, South Asian individuals were projected to reach an SBP of 130.0 mm Hg, whereas East Asian individuals reached the equivalent SBP by age 49 years. Among South Asian individuals, each SD increase in young adulthood SBP was associated with a higher atherosclerotic CVD risk with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.41 (1.12–1.75), but not among East Asians (
P
interaction
=0.01). Midlife SBP was associated with peripheral artery disease among South Asian individuals (odds ratio, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.51–2.88]) and with ischemic stroke among East Asian individuals (odds ratio, 3.84 [95% CI, 1.08–5.07]). Later-life SBP was associated with myocardial infarction risk by 1.52 (1.15–1.92)-fold among South Asians and ischemic stroke by 2.50 (1.06–3.80)-fold among East Asian individuals.

CONCLUSIONS:
East and South Asian individuals exhibit distinct BP trajectories that age-differentially associate with incident CVD. Disaggregating Asian subgroups may inform tailored hypertension screening and management.
Assessment of a Wake Vortex Retrieval Method Using Large Eddy Simulations and a Lidar Simulator
Authors: Wartha Niklas , Stephan Anton , Holzäpfel Frank 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wake vortex studies using Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) measurements constitute a decisive element for determining appropriate and efficient aircraft separations. Algorithms for characterizing the position and strength of wake vortices within lidar scans are available, for example the Radial Velocity (RV) method. However, due to the lack of a ground-truth from field measurements, no reliable accuracy bound for these algorithms could be given so far. Thus, we perform virtual lidar measurements via Large-Eddy-Simulation (LES) Lidar Simulators (LLS’s) employing high-fidelity LES’s of landing aircraft, where the position and strength of vortices is fully known. Lidar measurements are simulated to realistic detail by including spatial averaging along a Line of Sight and flow field distortions caused by the measurement geometry. Previous studies either focused on the wake vortex simulation or the lidar simulation, but never both aspects in full detail. Through simulations under various atmospheric conditions, the accuracy of the RV method can be defined as a 4% strength overestimation and 6% dislocation for vortices within an altitude range of below 2.5 initial vortex separations. Within a highly turbulent atmosphere the RV method performs worse. The main driver of RV method inaccuracy is revealed as the lack of modeling mirror vortices i.e. imaginary vortices caused by walls. This work enables rating the accuracy of studies employing the RV method realistically. Furthermore, the LLS’s allow generating a labeled dataset for evaluating further algorithms and developing new ones which may increase the data accuracy and thus reduce the effort of costly field measurements.
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Perinatal Mood, Anxiety, and Related Disorders: Guide de pratique 2024 du Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments pour le traitement des troubles de l'humeur, des troubles anxieux et des troubles connexes périnatals
Authors: Vigod Simone N. , Frey Benicio N. , Clark Crystal T. , Grigoriadis Sophie , Barker Lucy C. , Brown Hilary K. , Charlebois Jaime , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Fairbrother Nichole , Green Sheryl M. , Letourneau Nicole L. , Oberlander Tim F. , Sharma Verinder , Singla Daisy R. , Stewart Donna E. , Tomasi Patricia , Ellington Brittany D. , Fleury Cathleen , Tarasoff Lesley A. , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne M. , Da Costa Deborah , Beaulieu Serge , Brietzke Elisa , Kennedy Sidney H. , Lam Raymond W. , Milev Roumen V. , Parikh Sagar V. , Ravindran Arun V. , Samaan Zainab , Schaffer Ayal , Taylor Valerie H. , Tourjman Smadar V. , Van Michael , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Van Lieshout Ryan J. 
Published: February 2025

Background The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) publishes clinical practice guidelines for mood and anxiety disorders. This CANMAT guideline aims to provide comprehensive clinical guidance for the pregnancy and postpartum (perinatal) management of mood, anxiety and related disorders. Methods CANMAT convened a core editorial group of interdisciplinary academic clinicians and persons with lived experience (PWLE), and 3 advisory panels of PWLE and perinatal health and perinatal mental health clinicians. We searched for systematic reviews of prevention and treatment interventions for perinatal depressive, bipolar, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorders (January 2013–October 2023). We prioritized evidence from reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), except for the perinatal safety of medications where reviews of large high-quality observational studies were prioritized due to the absence of RCT data. Targeted searches for individual studies were conducted when systematic reviews were limited or absent. Recommendations were organized by lines of treatment based on CANMAT-defined levels of evidence quality, supplemented by editorial group consensus to balance efficacy, safety, tolerability and feasibility considerations. Results The guideline covers 10 clinical sections in a question-and-answer format that maps onto the patient care journey: case identification; organization and delivery of care; non-pharmacological (lifestyle, psychosocial, psychological), pharmacological, neuromodulation and complementary and alternative medicine interventions; high-risk clinical situations; and mental health of the father or co-parent. Equity, diversity and inclusion considerations are provided. Conclusions This guideline's detailed evidence-based recommendations provide clinicians with key information to promote the delivery of effective and safe perinatal mental healthcare. It is hoped that the guideline will serve as a valuable tool for clinicians in Canada and around the world to help optimize clinical outcomes in the area of perinatal mental health.