bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older adults' own reasoning for their alcohol consumption
Authors: Immonen Sirpa , Valvanne Jaakko , Pitkälä Kaisu H 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate what the older adults themselves consider to be the reasons for their alcohol consumption.MethodsThe data were collected with a postal questionnaire from a random sample of 2100 elderly people (≥65 years) living in the medium‐sized city of Espoo, Finland. The response rate was 71.6% from the community‐dwelling sample. Altogether 868 persons responded that they use alcohol. Of them, 831 gave reasons for their drinking. We defined “at‐risk users” as consuming >7 drinks per week, or ≥5 drinks on a typical drinking day, or using ≥3 drinks several times per week.ResultsMain reasons given for alcohol consumption were “having fun or celebration” (58.7%), “for social reasons” (54.2%), “using alcohol for medicinal purposes” (20.1%), and “with meals” (13.8%). Younger age groups reported more often than the older age groups that they use alcohol for “having fun or celebration” and “for social reasons.” The older age groups used more often “alcohol for medicinal purposes”. Men used alcohol more often than women “as pastime” or “as sauna drink”. Those defined as “at‐risk users” reported using alcohol because of “meaningless life,” for “relieving depression,” “relieving anxiety,” and “relieving loneliness.”ConclusionsOlder adults have diverse alcohol consumption habits like people in other age groups. The oldest olds reported that they use alcohol for medicinal purposes. The “at‐risk users” admit they use alcohol because of meaningless life, and relieving depression, anxiety, and loneliness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma‐induced alterations in cognition and Arc expression are reduced by previous exposure to 56Fe irradiation
Authors: Rosi Susanna , Belarbi Karim , Ferguson Ryan A. , Fishman Kelly , Obenaus Andre , Raber Jacob , Fike John R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractExposure to ionizing irradiation may affect brain functions directly, but may also change tissue sensitivity to a secondary insult such as trauma, stroke, or degenerative disease. To determine if a low dose of particulate irradiation sensitizes the brain to a subsequent injury, C56BL6 mice were exposed to brain only irradiation with 0.5 Gy of 56Fe ions. Two months later, unilateral traumatic brain injury was induced using a controlled cortical impact system. Three weeks after trauma, animals received multiple BrdU injections and 30 days later were tested for cognitive performance in the Morris water maze. All animals were able to locate the visible and hidden platform during training; however, treatment effects were seen when spatial memory retention was assessed in the probe trial (no platform). Although sham and irradiated animals showed spatial memory retention, mice that received trauma alone did not. When trauma was preceded by irradiation, performance in the water maze was not different from sham‐treated animals, suggesting that low‐dose irradiation had a protective effect in the context of a subsequent traumatic injury. Measures of hippocampal neurogenesis showed that combined injury did not induce any changes greater that those seen after trauma or radiation alone. After trauma, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of neurons expressing the behaviorally induced immediate early gene Arc in both hemispheres, without associated neuronal loss. After combined injury there were no differences relative to sham‐treated mice. Our results suggest that combined injury resulted in decreased alterations of our endpoints compared to trauma alone. Although the underlying mechanisms are not yet known, these results resemble a preconditioning, adaptive, or inducible‐like protective response, where a sublethal or potentially injurious stimulus (i.e., irradiation) induces tolerance to a subsequent and potentially more damaging insult (trauma). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Icariin is more potent than genistein in promoting osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro
Authors: Ma Hui‐Ping , Ming Lei‐Guo , Ge Bao‐Feng , Zhai Yuan‐Kun , Song Peng , Xian Cory J. , Chen Ke‐Ming 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThere has been a strong interest in searching for natural therapies for osteoporosis. Genistein, an isoflavone abundant in soy, and icariin, a prenylated flavonol glycoside isolated from Epimedium Herb, have both been identified to exert beneficial effects in preventing postmenopausal bone loss. However, the relative potency in osteogenesis between the individual phytoestrogen flavonoids remains unknown. The present study compared ability of genistein and icariin in enhancing differentiation and mineralization of cultured rat calvarial osteoblasts in vitro. Dose‐dependent studies in osteoblast differentiation measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity revealed optimal concentrations of genistein and icarrin for stimulating osteogenesis to be both at 10−5 M. Time course studies comparing the two compounds both at 10−5 M demonstrated that icariin treatment always produced higher ALP activity, more and larger areas of CFU‐FALP colonies and mineralized nodules, more osteocalcin secretion, and calcium deposition, and a higher level of mRNA expression of osteogenesis‐related genes COL1α2, BMP‐2, OSX, and RUNX‐2. However, they inhibited the proliferation of osteoblasts to a similar degree. In conclusion, although future in vivo studies are required to investigate whether icariin is more efficient in improving bone mass and/or preventing bone loss, our in vitro studies have demonstrated that icariin has a stronger osteogenic activity than genistein. In addition, while the prenyl group on C‐8 of icariin could be the active group that takes part in osteoblastic differentiation and explains its greater potency in osteogenesis, mechanisms of action, and reasons for the relative potency of icariin versus genistein need to be further studied. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 916–923, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The anandamide effect on NO/cGMP pathway in human platelets
Authors: Signorello Maria Grazia , Giacobbe Enrica , Passalacqua Mario , Leoncini Giuliana 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this study the effect of the endocannabinoid anandamide on platelet nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway was investigated. Data report that anandamide in a dose‐and time‐dependent manner increased NO and cGMP levels and stimulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. These parameters were significantly reduced by LY294002, selective inhibitor of PI3K and by MK2206, specific inhibitor of AKT. Moreover anandamide stimulated both eNOSser1177 and AKTser473 phosphorylation. Finally the anandamide effect on NO and cGMP levels, eNOS and AKT phosphorylation/activation were inhibited by SR141716, specific cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist, supporting the involvement of anandamide binding to this receptor. Overall data of this report indicate that low concentrations of anandamide, through PI3K/AKT pathway activation, stimulates eNOS activity and increases NO levels in human platelets. In such way anandamide contributes to extend platelet survival. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 924–932, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homogeneous deuteriodeiodination of iodinated tyrosine in angiotensin‐I using synthesized triethyl[2H]silane and Pd(0)
Authors: Pedersen Martin Holst Friborg , Martiny Lars 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn our efforts to develop new reactions for the efficient labelling of peptides and proteins with tritium, we now report the use of silane hydrides together with homogenous Pd(0) catalysis for the protio‐ and deuteriodeiodination of an o‐iodo‐tyrosine containing peptide (angiotensin‐I) performed at room temperature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deuterated batracylin: deuterium–hydrogen exchange during synthesis and mass spectral analysis
Authors: Seltzman Herbert H. , Fix Scott E. , Risbood Prabhakar 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDeuterium‐labeled analogs of the topoisomerase inhibitor batracylin were prepared for metabolism studies to further its evaluation as an antitumor agent. Established syntheses of unlabeled batracylin were adapted for the preparation of deuterated batracylin that was trideuterated in the quinazoline ring (d3‐batracylin 5), tetradeuterated in the isoindolo ring (d4‐batracylin 11), and heptadeuterated in both rings (d7‐batracylin 12). Extensive exchange of deuterium or hydrogen in the quinazoline ring was observed from an intermediate in the final concentrated sulfuric acid promoted deblocking/cyclodehydration step of the synthesis. Introduction of deuterated concentrated sulfuric acid in the final step both retained the label in the quinazoline‐labeled product and enabled extended labeling of a more exhaustively deuterated analog. Batracylin itself did not readily exchange aromatic protons under the reaction conditions but did loose and scramble deuterium atoms during mass spectral analysis leading to an under calculation of the deuterium content in the quinazoline ring. These results identify a chemical exchange process that can either undo, maintain, or facilitate the labeling process and also mass spectral analyses issues that must be taken into account to characterize and utilize these analogs and, more broadly, that can be recognized as potentially applicable to other classes of compounds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis of joints
Authors: Mankin Henry , Trahan Carol , Hornicek Francis 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to present two series of cases of pigmented villonodular disease of joints (PVNS) treated at different periods. The 215 cases from our hospital are current (1972–2009) and those 62 from the Jaffe collection from 1920 to 1968.MethodsBy use of our computerized tumor data system we were able to define age, gender, site, treatment, complications, and outcome. Examination of the material from the Jaffe collection included all of the above primary data but none on treatment and outcome.ResultsThe data for the two systems studied were remarkably similar. The average ages were in mid years and the disorder was more frequent in females. The largest numbers of cases for both series were in the knee and foot and less commonly in hip, shoulder, and hand. The treatments were mostly surgical excision with the exception of the hip which required total hip replacement. The results show only a small number of recurrences, no metastatic disease and no deaths.ConclusionPigmented villonodular disease of joints is a rare entity, mostly occurring in the knee and foot. The principal treatment is surgical excision which is most often successful in these sites but leads to problems at other locations, especially the hip. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:386–389. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erbium‐doped integrated waveguide amplifiers and lasers
Authors: Bradley J.D.B. , Pollnau M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractErbium‐doped fiber devices have been extraordinarily successful due to their broad optical gain around 1.5–1.6 µm. Er‐doped fiber amplifiers enable efficient, stable amplification of high‐speed, wavelength‐division‐multiplexed signals, thus continue to dominate as part of the backbone of longhaul telecommunications networks. At the same time, Er‐doped fiber lasers see many applications in telecommunications as well as in biomedical and sensing environments. Over the last 20 years significant efforts have been made to bring these advantages to the chip level. Device integration decreases the overall size and cost and potentially allows for the combination of many functions on a single tiny chip. Besides technological issues connected to the shorter device lengths and correspondingly higher Er concentrations required for high gain, the choice of appropriate host material as well as many design issues come into play in such devices. In this contribution the important developments in the field of Er‐doped integrated waveguide amplifiers and lasers are reviewed and current and future potential applications are explored. The vision of integrating such Er‐doped gain devices with other, passive materials platforms, such as silicon photonics, is discussed.
Synthesis of new linear perfluoroalkyl polyethers starting from diols and tetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Howell Jon L. , Shtarov Alexander B. , Thrasher Joseph S. , Waterfeld Alfred , Murata Koichi , Friesen Chadron M. , Pérez Erik W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNew linear perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPEs) with regularly sequenced repeat units are prepared by a four‐step synthesis starting from simple glycols and tetrafluoroethylene. The synthesis includes: (i) the reaction of glycols with tetrafluoroethylene to give bis(tetrafluoroethyl)alkyl ethers, (ii) the dehydrofluorination of the adduct with butyllithium to obtain bis(trifluorovinyl)alkyl ethers, (iii) the polymerisation of the trifluorovinyl ethers with glycols in the presence of base to make polyfluoroalkyl polyethers, and (iv) finally the fluorination of the polymers to provide PFPEs. The repeat units of the final PFPEs are altered by the variation of diols used in steps 1 and 3. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile Synthesis of Aqueous‐dispersible Nano‐PEDOT:PSS‐co‐MA Core/Shell Colloids Through Spray Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Han Yu‐Kai , Yih Jenq‐Nan , Chang Mei‐Ying , Huang Wen‐Yao , Ho Ko‐Shan , Hsieh Tar‐Hwa , Lou Jhih‐Gong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a novel spray emulsion polymerization technique for the preparation of aqueous‐dispersible nanoscale core/shell poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (n‐PEDOT) colloids doped with poly[(4‐styrenesulfonic acid)‐co‐(maleic acid)] (PSS‐co‐MA). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that these n‐PEDOT:PSS‐co‐MA colloids possessed sharp core/shell morphologies. X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed semi‐crystalline morphologies and quinoid‐dominated structures for these n‐PEDOT:PSS‐co‐MA colloids. The conductivities of n‐PEDOT and n‐PEDOT:PSS‐co‐MA pellets were ca. 3.2 and 0.29 S · cm−1, respectively, suggesting that PSS‐co‐MA acted as a shell that blocked the hopping of charges from the n‐PEDOT core to neighboring latexes. The work functions of pristine n‐PEDOT and n‐PEDOT:PSS‐co‐MA, measured using photoelectron spectroscopy, were ca. 4.7 and 5.05 eV, respectively; thus, they are close to that of indium tin oxide. The PSS‐co‐MA used in this study featured two different types of interactive functional groups, which acted as oxidative sites, dopants, and core/shell stabilizers during polymerization. magnified image
Morphology and properties of natural rubber with nanomatrix of non‐rubber components
Authors: Kawahara Seiichi , Chaikumpollert Oraphin , Akabori Keiichi , Yamamoto Yoshimasa 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe morphology of natural rubber was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Nanomatrix of non‐rubber components such as proteins and phospholipids was found to be inherently formed in natural rubber, in which natural rubber particles of about 0.5 µm in average diameter were dispersed. The nanomatrix of non‐rubber components disappeared after deproteinization of natural rubber with urea. Stress at break of serum rubber was higher than that of deproteinized natural rubber, while strain at break did not change. When the amount of the non‐rubber components increased, the stress at break became significantly dependent upon the amount of non‐rubber components. Viscoelastic properties of natural rubber were also dependent upon the nanomatrix of non‐rubber components. Storage modulus of natural rubber increased significantly, when the amount of the non‐rubber components increased. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomedical applications of nanofibers
Authors: Leung Victor , Ko Frank 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNanofiber technology is an exciting area attracting the attention of many researchers as a potential solution to the current challenges in the biomedical field such as burn and wound care, organ repair, and treatment for osteoporosis and various diseases. Nanofibers are attractive in this field for several reasons. First, surface area on nanofibers is much higher compared to bulk materials, which allows for enhanced adhesion of cells, proteins, and drugs. Second, nanofibers can be fabricated into sophisticated macro‐scale structures. The ability to fabricate nanofibers allows renewed efforts in developing hierarchical structures that mimic those in animals and human. On top of that, a wide range of polymers can be fabricated into nanofibers to suit different applications. Nanofibers are most commonly fabricated through electrospinning, which is a low cost method that allows control over fiber morphology and is capable of being scaled‐up for mass production. This review explored two popular areas of biomedical nanofiber development: tissue regeneration and drug delivery, and included discussions on the basic principles for how nanofibers promote tissue regeneration and drug delivery, the parameters that affect nanofiber performance and the recent progress in these areas. The recent work on biomedical nanofibers showed that the large surface area on nanofibers could be translated into enhanced cell activities, drug encapsulation, and drug release rate control. Furthermore, by optimizing the electrospinning process via adjusting the material choices and fiber orientation, for example, further enhancement in cell differentiation and drug release control could be achieved. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The crystallization of polypropylene in multiwall carbon nanotube‐based composites
Authors: Marco Carlos , Naffakh Mohammed , Gómez Marián A. , Santoro Gonzalo , Ellis Gary 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe crystallization process of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was studied under both dynamic and isothermal conditions for a series of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites with nanotube concentrations between 0.1 and 1.0% by weight. The nucleation activity of the nanofillers was confirmed for both dynamic and isothermal crystallization, and was shown to be composition dependent. The effect of the nanofiller on the crystallization of iPP was discussed using the temperature coefficients obtained to determine the interfacial free energy and free energy of nucleation. The basal interfacial free energy decreased with respect to that of neat iPP by up to 15% for as little as 0.1% MWCNT, subsequently decreasing linearly with increasing nanotube concentration. This behavior is in line with the crystallization behavior of iPP with conventional nucleating agents. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Enhanced electroluminescence from ZnO‐based heterojunction light‐emitting diodes by hydrogen plasma treatment
Authors: Zhang S. G. , Zhang X. W. , Wang J. X. , You J. B. , Yin Z. G. , Dong J. J. , Cui B. , Wowchak A. M. , Dabiran A. M. , Chow P. P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe effects of H‐plasma treatment on the electroluminescence (EL) of ZnO‐based light‐emitting diodes have been investigated systematically. After H‐plasma treatment, the EL intensity of the n‐ZnO/AlN/p‐GaN device is observed to be three times stronger than its as‐grown counterpart under the same injection current, and the threshold voltage of the device is significantly reduced simultaneously. The increases in electron concentration and mobility of the ZnO layer resulting from the incorporation of hydrogen atoms into ZnO are considered to be responsible for the improved performance of the ZnO‐based light‐emitting diodes. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new non‐parametric CUSUM mean chart
Authors: Yang Su‐Fen , Cheng Smiley W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNot all data in practice came from a process with normal distribution. When the process distribution is non‐normal or unknown, the commonly used Shewhart control charts are not suitable. In this paper, a new non‐parametric CUSUM Mean Chart is proposed to monitor the possible small mean shifts in the process. The sampling properties of the new monitoring statistics are examined and the average run lengths of the proposed chart are examined. Two numerical examples are used to illustrate the proposed chart and compare with the two existing charts, assuming normality and Beta distribution, respectively. The CUSUM Mean Chart showed better detection ability than those two charts in monitoring and detecting small process mean shifts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wind speed parameter estimation from one‐month sample via Bayesian approach
Authors: Erto Pasquale , Lanzotti Antonio , Lepore Antonio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSite‐specific wind potential assessment shows difficulties mainly because it needs very long on‐site anemometric monitoring. This paper proposes to reduce the long‐term monitoring by exploiting other initial information about parameters to be estimated via MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo). The proposed Bayesian approach allows the integration of prior information (e.g. obtained from atlases, databases and/or fluid‐dynamic assessment) with sampling data, and furnishes effective and timely posterior information about Weibull parameters of the wind speed distribution. Real sampling data, collected from a southern Italian site, are analysed in order to illustrate the main features of the methodology. Moreover, the effectiveness of both the filtering strategy adopted to deal with the high correlation that usually characterizes the anemometric data, and the seasonal adjustment proposed to obtain a sample unbiased by seasonal effect is highlighted. The results of the application show that the proposed methodology fits the applicative needs very well. A bootstrap simulation remarks that the attained precision of the Bayesian estimates carried out from a one‐month sample is comparable to the maximum likelihood estimates obtained from an actual one‐year sample. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of 2‐oxo and 2‐thioxo modifications on the fragmentation reactions of the histidine radical cation
Authors: Lam Adrian K. Y. , Hutton Craig A. , O'Hair Richard A. J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe fragmentation reactions of the radical cations, M.+, of histidine, 2‐oxo‐histidine and 2‐thioxo‐histidine were examined using a combination of experiments performed on a linear ion trap and density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the UB3‐LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. Low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) on [CuII(terpy)(M)]2+ complexes, formed via electrospray ionisation, produced the radical cations in sufficient yield to examine their unimolecular chemistry via an additional stage of CID. The CID spectrum of the radical cation of histidine is dominated by loss of water with the next most abundant ion arising from the combined loss of H2O and CO. In contrast, the CID spectra of the radical cations of 2‐oxo‐histidine and 2‐thioxo‐histidine are dominated by the combined loss of CO2 and NHCH2. The observed differences are rationalised via DFT calculations which reveal that the barrier associated with loss of CO2 from the histidine radical cation is higher than that for loss of H2O. In contrast, the introduction of an oxygen or sulfur atom into the side chain of histidine results in a reversal of the order of these barrier heights, thus making CO2 loss the preferred pathway. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.