bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychopharmaka und Knochen
Authors: Gasser Rudolf W. 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungPsychopharmaka aus der Gruppe der Antidepressiva bzw. Neuroleptika (Antipsychotika) und Lithiumpräparate haben unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf den Knochen. Sie können zur Entwicklung einer Osteoporose mit erhöhtem Frakturrisiko beitragen (Antidepressiva, Neuroleptika), aber auch knochenprotektiv wirken (Lithiumpräparate). Antidepressiva führen zu einem Anstieg von Serotonin und/oder Noradrenalin in den Synapsen. Am Knochen bewirken sie eine Abnahme der Knochenmineraldichte und konsekutiv eine Erhöhung des Frakturrisikos. Neuroleptika führen als Dopaminrezeptorantagonisten zu einer Hyperprolaktinämie und damit zu einem sekundären Hypogonadismus; dadurch und über eine direkt negative Einwirkung auf Osteoblasten kommt es zu einer Abnahme der Knochenmineraldichte und einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko. Lithiumsalze sind hingegen knochenprotektiv; eine Therapie mit Lithiumpräparaten ist mit einer Abnahme des Frakturrisikos assoziiert. Bei einer Therapie mit Psychopharmaka, insbesondere mit Antidepressiva oder Neuroleptika, sollte auch auf die Knochengesundheit geachtet werden, vor allem bei Risikopatienten (Alter, Sturzneigung, Komedikation, vorbestehende Osteoporose, Frakturen). Die erhöhte Frakturneigung bei einer Psychopharmakatherapie ist meist multifaktoriell bedingt, da neben der direkten negativen Einwirkung der Medikamente auf den Knochen auch eine erhöhte Sturzneigung und eine Abnahme der Knochenmineraldichte durch die psychische Erkrankung per se vorliegen können. Eine Optimierung der Psychopharmakatherapie sollte unter Berücksichtigung der potenziellen Nebenwirkungen, zu denen auch das erhöhte Frakturrisiko zählt, erfolgen.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exposures Are Increasingly Common and Generally Associated with Mild Symptoms: A Single Poison Center Experience
Authors: Marshall Stacy , Ryan Erin , Rivera Jessica , Reynolds Lindy , Atti Suhkshant 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use has increased over the last decade for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk reduction, and weight loss. Clinical trials indicate that gastrointestinal adverse effects are commonly experienced and severe hypoglycemia is rare; however, there is little data regarding glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in overdose.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review evaluating and characterizing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exposures reported to a single poison center between 2006 and 2023. Patient demographics, circumstances of exposure, clinical effects, and outcomes were abstracted from charts. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize demographic information and clinical factor data.

Results
A total of 152 charts met inclusion criteria. Therapeutic errors accounted for 91% of exposures. Most patients (67%) reported no symptoms, although not all patients were followed to a definitive outcome. Nausea, vomiting, generalized weakness, and abdominal pain were the predominant symptoms reported. Most patients (62%) were monitored and closely followed in the home setting. Hypoglycemia was rare but occurred in the setting of a single agent glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exposure in two patients. Two additional patients who developed hypoglycemia involved co-administration of insulin. 21% of the exposures were related to errors on initial use of the pen.

Conclusion
Exposures to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist have increased substantially over the years. Effects from an exposure tended to be mild and primarily involve gastrointestinal symptoms. Hypoglycemia was rare. Therapeutic and administration errors were common. Education on pen administration may help to reduce errors.
A novel screw-type pyrolysis system for selectively producing value-added chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Altundoğan H. Soner , Tanyıldızı M. Şaban , Kalender Mehmet , Elçiçek Serhat , Pehlivan Dursun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, a new unique screw-type (auger) reactor system was developed to selectively obtain valuable chemical-enriched liquid pyrolysis products. The new design has heating segments with increased temperature along the reactor tube and three-staged fractional condensing lines following pyrolysis gas ports at the end of each heating segment. To maximize liquid product yield, the effects of some parameters such as feeding rate, screw rate, and temperature profile were studied by the experiments designed with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). By fixing the maximum temperature at the last heating segment of a tubular reactor to 550 °C, the conditions for maximum liquid product yield were determined as feeder driver frequency of 21 Hz (13.6 rpm), auger driver frequency of 36 Hz (24.3 rpm), and ΔT (temperature difference between consecutive heating segments) of 66 °C. Biomass feeding rate and volumetric fullness ratio of the reactor at these conditions were 42 g min−1 and 0.58 (v/v), respectively. Under these conditions, total liquid, solid, and gas product yields were obtained as 57%, 19%, and 24%, respectively. In addition, analyses of the liquid fractions showed that valuable chemicals could be obtained selectively in a large extent by using the new design.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Migratory Paths, Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Internally Displaced Persons: A Narrative Review
Authors: Comelli Agnese , Gaviraghi Alberto , Cattaneo Paolo , Motta Leonardo , Bisoffi Zeno , Stroffolini Giacomo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health challenge, especially for populations with limited access to healthcare services and poor living conditions. This narrative review focuses on the determinants and figures related to AMR in the context of migration.

Recent Findings
Migrants face the risk of MDRO (multidrug resistant organisms) acquisition at every stage of their migration journey, from their country of origin to the transit centres and destination countries. While there is a lack of systematic data, the existing information justifies raising alertness among the global health community. Moreover, in recent years, a growing body of literature has reported that armed conflicts act as a magnifier of AMR spreading.

Summary
Targeted interventions at each stage of migration are urgently needed to limit the spread of the AMR pandemic, particularly among this vulnerable population.
Course of growth and nutritional status in Swiss children with food allergies
Authors: Gerber Rebekka , Meichtry Andre , van der Horst Klazine , Koehli Alice , Roduit Caroline , Bellutti Enders Felicitas , Skypala Isabel , Hickson Mary , Eisenblaetter Julia 
Published: June 2024

Summary
Purpose
Studies suggest that children with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies (FA) are at risk of impaired growth, especially those with cow’s milk or multiple FA. However, there is limited long-term data available on this topic. This analysis presents the growth of Swiss children for the first year after FA diagnosis.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of data from a multicentered study following food allergic children (0–10 years) over 1 year post diagnosis, comparing those who received dietary counselling with those who did not. Growth z‑scores were calculated based on World Health Organization (WHO) standards, using data reported by caregivers. To analyze data, linear mixed models with between-subject factors related to dietary counselling, number of FA, and cow’s milk allergy were fitted to the data.

Results
In the 48 children (median age 16 months) studied, we observed an increasing prevalence of wasting (weight-for-length/height z‑score < 2; 2–10%) and a lower prevalence of stunting (length/height-for-age < 2; 0–2%) over the 1‑year period. Twelve months after diagnosis, all median z‑scores showed an increase. Linear mixed model analysis did not find any significant within-subject and between-subject effects on growth.

Conclusion
Children with IgE-mediated FA can have normal growth if children with cow’s milk allergy or multiple food allergies receive dietary counselling. Routine length/height and weight measurements should be taken to identify individual malnutrition and to initiate tailored nutritional interventions. Larger studies with longer duration are needed to assess further growth development in children with IgE-mediated food allergies.
Well-Tempered Power: ‘A Cultural Achievement of Universal Significance’
Authors: Krygier Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccording to Laurent Pech, the rule of law was described as a “‘buzzword’ by [Hungary’s] justice minister; a fiction by a Fidesz MP; and a ‘magic word’ by the Fidesz-KDNP Delegation to the European Parliament. Not to be undone, a judge from Hungary’s (captured) constitutional court, has presented the rule of law ‘as a normative yardstick’ which is little more than an empty nineteenth century ideal and a political joker [sic] for all purposes” (Pech, Hague J Rule Law 14(2–3): 107-138, 2022 128). In contrast, the English historian, E.P. Thompson, notoriously and controversially called the rule of law ‘a cultural achievement of universal significance.’ With small amendments, I agree with Thompson. Each word in that phrase, I seek to demonstrate, deserves emphasis and respect. However, it makes a huge difference what one takes the rule of law to be about. What is universal is the notion and realisation of a state of affairs in which power is reliably tempered so as not to be available for arbitrary abuse. It is that which is a cultural achievement of universal significance. It is a mistake to identify it, as so many do, with any allegedly canonical arrangement of forms and institutions and rules that are enlisted or assumed to embody it. Many people make that mistake. Some do so, because they naively think that installation of familiar institutions they associate with ‘the rule of law’ is the same as generating the ideal itself. The disappointing history of rule of law promotion around the world shows that is not the case. On the other hand, modern illiberal, often populist, regimes are happy to endorse such a mistake and pretend that they are committed to the rule of law by making a show of conformity to legal forms, while systematically subverting and abusing the rule of law itself. Both the naïve and the malicious interpretations should be rejected.
Challenges and Issues in Implementing & Operationalising Big Data Analytics Capabilities in a major Australian Railway Organisation: A Case Study
Authors: Kortian Viken , Pal Souvik , Ghevondian Nejhdeh , Harrison Norma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines the implementation of a Big Data Analytics (BDA) project within a major Australian freight and railway organisation. It also identifies the issues and challenges with data collection, data cleaning, data modelling, and data science software, and implements these models to deliver tangible business results. In addition, the project highlights the potential gains that a data analytics project, integrated with a data-driven culture, can provide through significant operational efficiencies and financial gains. Prior to 2019, the company had little exposure to Predictive Analytics. This study shows how the development of data science capability enables the creation of advanced predictive models, particularly in this case study, for the prediction of train wheel wear, and therefore a significant reduction in maintenance expenses Furthermore, a Data Analytics Maturity Assessment was conducted to determine the requirements to become a data-driven organisation. The outcome of the assessment was compared to recent global studies, and it was found that the organisation examined was significantly behind its counterparts in the areas of resources and analytic capabilities, and therefore required investment in these areas. Further studies to examine the degree of Data Analytics maturity within the Australian context are suggested. Organisations striving to become more data-driven need to plan and allocate resources for capability development in infrastructure, data management, employee quantitative skills, and governance.
The Association Between Cloud Droplet Number over the Summer Southern Ocean and Air Mass History
Authors: Mace Gerald G. , Benson Sally , Sterner Elizabeth , Protat Alain , Humphries Ruhi , Hallar A. Gannet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe cloud properties and governing processes in Southern Ocean marine boundary layer clouds have emerged as a central issue in understanding the Earth's climate sensitivity. While our understanding of Southern Ocean cloud feedbacks have evolved in the most recent climate model intercomparison, the background properties of simulated summertime clouds in the Southern Ocean are not consistent with measurements due to known biases in simulating cloud condensation nuclei concentrations. This paper presents several case studies collected during the Capricorn 2 and Marcus campaigns held aboard Australian research vessels in the Austral Summer of 2018. Combining the surface‐observed cases with MODIS data along forward and backward air mass trajectories, we demonstrate the evolution of cloud properties with time. These cases are consistent with multi‐year statistics showing that long trajectories of air masses over the Antarctic ice sheet are critical to creating high droplet number clouds in the high latitude summer Southern Ocean. We speculate that secondary aerosol production via the oxidation of biogenically derived aerosol precursor gasses over the high actinic flux region of the high latitude ice sheets is fundamental to maintaining relatively high droplet numbers in Southern Ocean clouds during Summer.
Numerical Studies on the Influence of Building Morphology on Urban Canopy Wind Speed
Authors: Sun Yong , Zhang Ning , Ao Xiangyu , Gao Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBuildings increase the urban surface roughness and reduce near‐surface wind speeds in the urban canopy due to the drag effect. Urban heat storage and other effects cause urban warming as well, which decreases the urban boundary layer stability and enhances the turbulence exchange between upper and lower layer. As upper momentum is transported downward, the wind speed of urban canopy increases. Quantitative descriptions of these mechanisms are still lacking currently. This paper presents high‐resolution numerical simulation results of a mega city, Shanghai, China from 2016 to 2020 using the building effect parameterization in WRF (WRF‐BEP) with urban morphological parameters. The dynamic and thermal effects of building morphology on urban canopy wind speed were separated and their quantitative expression functions were given. The results indicate that the influence of building morphology on urban canopy wind speed is mainly dynamic resulting in a wind speed attenuation of approximately 50% and nearly constant. The thermal effect of building morphology on urban canopy wind speed increases with the urban heat island intensity, and the thermal effect could increase urban canopy wind speed by about 30% under the condition of strong urban heat island. The relative contributions of the dynamic and thermal effects of building morphology to urban canopy wind speed change with the wind speed. As wind speed increases, the contribution of the thermal effect of building morphology to urban canopy wind speed gradually decreases. This paper provides a quantitative relationship between the urban canopy wind speed variation and urban morphology, as well as urban heat island intensity.
Regional Variation in Extratropical North Atlantic Air‐Sea Interaction 1960–2020
Authors: Latif Mojib , Martin Thomas , Bielke Inken 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAir‐sea interaction in late boreal winter is studied over the extratropical North Atlantic (NA) during 1960–2020 by examining the relationship between sea‐surface temperature (SST) and total turbulent heat flux (THF). The two quantities are positively correlated on interannual timescales over the central‐midlatitude and subpolar NA, suggesting the atmosphere on average drives SST and THF variability is independent of SST. On decadal timescales and over the central‐midlatitude NA the correlation is negative, suggesting ocean processes on average drive SST and THF variability is sensitive to SST. The correlation is positive over the subpolar NA. There, interannual and decadal THF variability is governed by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). During the major late 20th and early 21st century SST increase in the subpolar NA diminishing oceanic heat loss associated with a weakening NAO was observed. This study suggests that the atmosphere is more sensitive to SST over the central‐midlatitude than subpolar NA.
Microphysical Simulation of the 2022 Hunga Volcano Eruption Using a Sectional Aerosol Model
Authors: Li Chenwei , Peng Yifeng , Asher Elizabeth , Baron Alexandre A. , Todt Michael , Thornberry Troy D. , Evan Stephanie , Brioude Jerome , Smale Penny , Querel Richard , Rosenlof Karen H. , Zhou Luxi , Xu Jingyuan , Qie Kai , Bian Jianchun , Toon Owen B. , Zhu Yunqian , Yu Pengfei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractApproximately 150 Tg of water vapor and 0.42 Tg of sulfur dioxide were injected directly into the stratosphere by the January 2022 Hunga volcanic eruption, which represents the largest water vapor injection in the satellite era. A comparison of numerical simulations to balloon‐borne and satellite observations of the water‐rich plume suggests that particle coagulation contributed to the Hunga aerosol's effective dry radius increase from 0.2 μm in February to around 0.4 μm in March. Our model suggests that the stratospheric aerosol effective radius is persistently perturbed for years by moderate and large‐magnitude volcanic events, whereas extreme wildfire events show limited impact on the stratospheric background particle size. Our analysis further suggests that both the particle optical efficiency and the aerosols' stratospheric lifetime explain Hunga's unusually large aerosol optical depth per unit of the SO2 injection, as compared with the Pinatubo eruption.
Responses of the Urban Atmospheric Thermal Environment to Two Distinct Heat Waves and Their Changes With Future Urban Expansion in a Chinese Megacity
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhong Lei , Zhou Keqi , Liu Bin , Shu Weixi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the responses of the urban atmospheric thermal environment to two distinct heat waves in Hefei, China, and explores potential changes associated with future urban expansion. During the Event 1, characterized by clear and dry conditions, the western Pacific subtropical high limits water vapor influx, resulting in a significant cooling effect in rural area due to higher surface latent heat flux. The urban heat island (UHI) intensity, calculated using surface temperature and 2‐m temperature, reaches 5.2°C and 1.7°C during the Event 1, respectively. Although Event 2, characterized by cloudy and humid conditions, exhibits weaker UHI and urban dry island effects, it remains highly unfavorable for human comfort. During distinct heat waves, the vertical extent of the warming effect induced by future urban expansion varies, which can be attributed to environmental factors, such as atmospheric stability and near‐surface wind speed.
The Longwave Cloud‐Radiative Feedback in Tropical Waves Derived by Different Precipitation Data Sets
Authors: Hsiao Wei‐Ting , Maloney Eric D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnomalous tropical longwave cloud‐radiative heating of the atmosphere is generated when convective precipitation occurs, which plays an important role in the dynamics of tropical disturbances. Defining the observed cloud‐radiative feedback as the reduction of top‐of‐atmosphere longwave radiative cooling per unit precipitation, the feedback magnitudes are sensitive to the observed precipitation data set used when comparing two versions of Global Precipitation Climatology Project, version 1.3 (GPCPv1.3) and the newer version 3.2 (GPCPv3.2). GPCPv3.2 contains larger magnitudes and variance of daily precipitation, which yields a weaker cloud‐radiative feedback in tropical disturbances at all frequencies and zonal wavenumbers. Weaker cloud‐radiative feedbacks occur in GPCPv3.2 at shorter zonal lengths on intraseasonal timescales, which implies a preferential growth at planetary scales for the Madden‐Julian oscillation. Phase relationships between precipitation, radiative heating, and other thermodynamic variables in eastward‐propagating gravity waves also change with the updated GPCPv3.2.
l-valine is a powerful stimulator of GLP-1 secretion in rodents and stimulates secretion through ATP-sensitive potassium channels and voltage-gated calcium channels
Authors: Modvig Ida Marie , Smits Mark M. , Galsgaard Katrine Douglas , Hjørne Anna Pii , Drzazga Anna Katarzyna , Rosenkilde Mette Marie , Holst Jens Juul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
We previously reported that, among all the naturally occurring amino acids, l-valine is the most powerful luminal stimulator of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) release from the upper part of the rat small intestine. This makes l-valine an interesting target for nutritional-based modulation of GLP-1 secretion. However, the molecular mechanism of l-valine-induced secretion remains unknown.

Methods
We aimed to investigate the effect of orally given l-valine in mice and to identify the molecular details of l-valine stimulated GLP-1 release using the isolated perfused rat small intestine and GLUTag cells. In addition, the effect of l-valine on hormone secretion from the distal intestine was investigated using a perfused rat colon.

Results
Orally given l-valine (1 g/kg) increased plasma levels of active GLP-1 comparably to orally given glucose (2 g/kg) in male mice, supporting that l-valine is a powerful stimulator of GLP-1 release in vivo (P > 0.05). Luminal l-valine (50 mM) strongly stimulated GLP-1 release from the perfused rat small intestine (P < 0.0001), and inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+-channels with nifedipine (10 μM) inhibited the GLP-1 response (P < 0.01). Depletion of luminal Na+ did not affect l-valine-induced GLP-1 secretion (P > 0.05), suggesting that co-transport of l-valine and Na+ is not important for the depolarization necessary to activate the voltage-gated Ca2+-channels. Administration of the KATP-channel opener diazoxide (250 μM) completely blocked the l-valine induced GLP-1 response (P < 0.05), suggesting that l-valine induced depolarization arises from metabolism and opening of KATP-channels. Similar to the perfused rat small intestine, l-valine tended to stimulate peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and GLP-1 release from the perfused rat colon.

Conclusions
l-valine is a powerful stimulator of GLP-1 release in rodents. We propose that intracellular metabolism of l-valine leading to closure of KATP-channels and opening of voltage-gated Ca2+-channels are involved in l-valine induced GLP-1 secretion.