bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed One‐Pot Sequential Reaction for the Synthesis of α‐Halogenated β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Cui Han‐Feng , Dong Ke‐Yan , Nie Jing , Zheng Yan , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHalogenated 1‐indanone derivatives are diastereoselectively prepared from β‐ketoesters and aromatic aldehydes via sequential Knoevenagel condensation, Nazarov cyclization and halogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromine‐Induced Facile Synthesis of Butenolides and Spirobutenolides from Sterically Congested Tetrasubstituted Dialkyl Alkylidene Succinates.
Authors: Patel Ramesh M. , Argade Narshinha P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe condensation of dimethyl succinates with ketones gives dialkyl alkylidene succinates which undergo bromine‐induced dealkylative regioselective intramolecular cyclization followed by dehydrobromination to produce butenolides and spirobutenolides.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of (2‐Alkynyl‐1‐cycloalkenyl)methanols to Highly Substituted Furans.
Authors: Oh Chang Ho , Yi Hyun Jik , Lee Kyu Hwan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOptimal reaction conditions are established for the synthesis of substituted furans such as (II), (IV), and (IX) by AuBr3‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of corresponding enynols.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Synthetic Equivalents of Arylideneimines, viz., 1‐Aryl‐N,N′‐bis(arylidene)methanediamines, with 2,3‐Diphenylcyclopropenone.
Authors: Lozinskaya N. A. , Sasonyuk S. E. , Firsova Yu. N. , Proskurnina M. V. , Zefirov N. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDiamines (II) react regiospecifically with cyclopropenone (I) to form exclusively stable adducts of both mono‐ and diaddition depending on the educt ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Potential of Mannich Bases of 4‐Chloro‐3‐{4‐(chlorobenzyloxy)‐benzoylhydrazono}‐indolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Rastogi Nisheeth , Harrison Darwin Anil , Tripathi Diwakar , Shukla Sarveshwar 
Published: July 2010

Abstract20 Title compounds of type (VI) are prepared and tested against 10 strains of bacteria and fungi.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Pauson—Khand Reaction of Optically Active Aza‐Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Ishikawa Shingo , Noguchi Fumiaki , Uno Hidemitsu , Kamimura Akio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reaction of alkyl‐substituted adducts (I) provides predominantly pyrrolidine‐fused cyclopentanones with cis‐configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Noncatalytic Electrophilic Oxyalkylation of 3‐Aminopyrazoles with 2‐(Trifluoroacetyl)‐1,3‐azoles.
Authors: Khodakovskiy Pavel V. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Tolmachev Andrey A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe simple procedure affords trifluoromethyl‐substituted alcohols from 3‐aminopyrazoles and trifluoroacetyl‐1,3‐azoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2[(1R,2R)‐2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐3‐ (1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐yl)propyl]‐4‐ [4‐tetrafluoropropoxyphenyl]‐3‐(2H,4H)‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐thione — A Novel and Potent Azole Antifungal Agent.
Authors: Sattigeri Jitendra A. , Sethi Sachin , Salman Mohammad 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStarting from the known epoxy alcohol (I), a new strategy for the synthesis of the potent fungicide (IX) in multigram quantities is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Derivatives of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles are Potent Mitostatic Agents Featuring Strong Microtubule Depolymerization Activity in the Sea Urchin Embryo and Cell Culture Assays.
Authors: Kiselyov Alex S. , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of a limited number of novel isothiazolyl‐substituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles (V) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Features of the Synthesis of 1,1′‐Phenylenebis(1H‐tetrazoles) and Their Transformations in Basic Environment.
Authors: Vorob'ev A. N. , Baranovskii A. V. , Gaponic P. N. , Ivashkevich O. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReactions of phenylenediamines with sodium azide and triethyl orthoformate provides the title bis(tetrazoles), which suffer tetrazole opening under basic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of a New Series of 3‐Triazolonyl Iminocoumarins.
Authors: Kammoun Myriam , Turki Hamida , Fery‐Forgues Suzanne , El Gharbi Rachid 
Published: July 2010

Abstract3‐Triazolonyl‐substituted iminocoumarins are obtained for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Clopyralid Hydrazide‐Hydrazones.
Authors: Zhang Jie , Shen Tianhua , Xu Lijuan , Shen Fenfang , Qin Quan , Ma Chunan , Song Qingbao 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of novel clopyralid hydrazide‐hydrazones (III) is synthesized and screened for herbicidal and antimicrobial activities but with no promising results.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Trialkyl Quinoline‐2,3,4‐tricarboxylates by Reaction of Isatin, Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates, and Sodium O‐Alkyl Carbonodithioates.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Seyfi Samereh , Hossaini Zinatossadat 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe three‐component reaction is considered as a practical route to the quinoline ring system.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Approach to Substituted 2‐(Hydroxymethyl)‐2,3‐dihydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyridines and 3‐Hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrano[2,3‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Hajbi Youssef , Suzenet Franck , Khouili Mostafa , Lazar Said , Guillaumet Gerald 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIntramolecular inverse electron demand Diels—Alder reaction of appropriately alkyne‐ tethered 1,2,4‐triazines affords the required title compounds as interesting biological scaffolds.
ChemInform Abstract: Na2S2O4: A Versatile Reagent for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐c]pyridines from 4‐Amino‐3‐nitropyridine and Aldehydes via Reductive Cyclization.
Authors: Dubey P. K. , Chowdary K. S. , Ramesh B. , Reddy P. V. V. Prasada 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo routes for the preparation of the title compounds (III) start from (I) or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Total Synthesis of (+)‐Tetrabenazine and (+)‐α‐Dihydrotetrabenazine.
Authors: Paek Seung‐Mann , Kim Nam‐Jung , Shin Dongyun , Jung Jae‐Kyung , Jung Jong‐Wha , Chang Dong‐Jo , Moon Hyunyoung , Suh Young‐Ger 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTetrabenazine (I) is applied in racemic form as drug for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington′s disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2‐Methyl‐ and 1,2‐Dimethyl‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidine with Aroyl Chlorides: Diverse Reactivities of Cyclic Ketene N,N′‐Acetals Generated in situ.
Authors: Ye Guozhong , Chatterjee Sabornie , Zhou Aihua , Barker Bobby Lloyd , Chen Chunlong , Song Yingquan , Pittman Charles U. Jr. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSubstrates (I) undergo Et3N‐promoted reaction with aroyl chlorides to give N,N′‐diaryl derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel N1‐(2‐Nitrophenyl sulfenyl substituted) Pyrrolidino[2,1‐c][1,4]‐benzodiazepine, Thiazolidino[3,2‐c][1,4]‐benzodiazepine and Thiazolidino[4,3‐c][1,4]‐benzodiazepine from the Corresponding N‐Substituted Isatoic Anhydride.
Authors: Nain Sumitra , Gupta Varini , Arya Megha , Sirohi Reenu , Kishore D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe title compounds (III) are prepared most efficiently under solvent‐free conditions and microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Diphenylphosphinite Ionic Liquid (IL‐OPPh2): A Solvent and Ligand for Palladium‐Catalyzed Silylation and Dehalogenation Reaction of Aryl Halides with Triethylsilane.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Azadi Roya 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAryl chlorides, bromides and iodides are silylated in the presence of Cs2CO3.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophosphination of Propargylic Ethers with Diphenylphosphine in the Presence of LiHMDS, N‐Heterocyclic Carbene, and Ti(NMe2)4.
Authors: Sakae Ryosuke , Yamamoto Yuta , Komeyama Kimihiro , Takaki Ken 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA three‐component catalyst for the regio‐ and stereoselective hydrophosphination of propargylic ethers is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinyl Selenides under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Reddy Vutukuri Prakash , Kumar Akkilagunta Vijay , Rao Kakulapati Rama 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA mild and efficient protocol allows the stereoselective synthesis of vinyl selenides in the presence of CuO nanoparticles as a recyclable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Stannylcarbonylation of Hydroxy‐Substituted Alkynes. Intramolecular Trapping of α‐Ketenyl Radicals by a Hydroxy Group Leading to Lactols.
Authors: Ryu Ilhyong , Fukuyama Takahide , Nobuta Osamu , Uenoyama Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe tin hydride mediated radical carbonylation of hydroxy‐substituted alkynes leads to lactols as principal products.
ChemInform Abstract: Pre‐schisanartanins C—D and Propintrilactones A—B, Two Classes of New Nortriterpenoids from Schisandra propinqua var. propinqua
Authors: Lei Chun , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Huang Sheng‐Xiong , Chen Ji‐Jun , Pu Jian‐Xin , Sun Han‐Dong 
Published: July 2010

Abstractstructures and cytotoxicities of the title compounds (I), (II), (IIIa), and (IIIb)
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of (+)‐Nephrosteranic Acid by Ring‐Closing Metathesis and Its Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Perepogu Arun Kumar , Raman D. , Murty U. S. N. , Rao Vaidya Jayathritha 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA stereoselective synthesis of (+)‐nephrosteranic acid (VIII) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of (+)‐Bromoxone, (+)‐Epiepoxydon and (+)‐Epiepoformin.
Authors: Jin Ming Yu , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Chae Hee Il , Jung Sun Hee , Ryu Do Hyun 
Published: July 2010

Abstract(+)‐Bromoxone (VII) is prepared via an enantioselective Diels—Alder reaction of quinone ketal (I), a selective exo‐epoxidation of derivative (IV) and a retro‐Diels—Alder reaction of epoxide (V) as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylative Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions of Lactam‐, Lactone‐, and Thiolactone‐Derived Vinyl Triflates and Phosphates for the Synthesis of N‐, O‐, and S‐Heterocycles
Authors: Occhiato Ernesto G. , Scarpi Dina , Prandi Cristina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReview: e.g. pyridines, pyrans, thiopyrans and pyrroles; 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biofuel Combustion Chemistry: From Ethanol to Biodiesel
Authors: Kohse‐Hoeinghaus Katharina , Osswald Patrick , Cool Terrill A. , Kasper Tina , Hansen Nils , Qi Fei , Westbrook Charles K. , Westmoreland Phillip R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReview: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Disease Proteomics to Biomarker Development — Establishment of Antibody Proteomics Technology and Exploration of Cancer‐Related Biomarkers
Authors: Nagano Kazuya , Imai Sunao , Nakagawa Shinsaku , Tsunoda Shin‐ichi , Tsutsumi Yasuo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReview: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Functional Proteins Identified by Proteomic Analysis in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor‐Mediated Signaling Pathway and Application for Practical Use
Authors: Tashiro Kyoko , Konishi Hiroaki , Nabeshi Hiromi , Yamauchi Emiko , Taniguchi Hisaaki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReview: 18 refs.
Secure mobile agents with controlled resources
Authors: Zhang Qi , Mu Yi , Zhang Minjie , Deng Robert H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMobile agents often travel in a hostile environment where their security and privacy could be compromised by any party including remote hosts in which agents visit and get services. It is believed that the host visited by an agent should jointly sign a service agreement with the agent's owner; hence a proxy‐signing model was proposed in the literature, allowing every host in the agent system to sign a service agreement. We observe that this actually poses a serious problem whereby a host that should be excluded from an underlying agent network could also send a signed service agreement. In order to solve this problem, we propose two schemes achieving host authentication with controlled resources, where only selected hosts can be included in the agent network. We provide two schemes in this paper. The second scheme offers a smaller data size. We also define security models and provide rigorous security proofs to our schemes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavior of RF Discharge Plasmas in the Uragan‐3M and Uragan‐2M Torsatrons
Authors: Pankratov I.M. , Beletskii A.A. , Berezhnyj V.L. , Burchenko P.Ya. , Chechkin V.V. , Grigor'eva L. I. , Hartmann D. , Koch R. , Konovalov V. G. , Kulaga A. Ye. , Lesnyakov G. G. , Hartmann D. , Lozin A.V. , Lyssoivan A.I. , Maznichenko S.M. , Mironov Yu.K. , Moiseenko V.Ye. , Pashnev V. K. , Petrushenya A. A. , Prokopenko A. V. , Romanov V. S. , Shapoval A. N. , Shtan' A.F. , Sitnikov D.A. , Skibenko A.I. , Slavnyj A.S. , Solodovchenko S.I. , Sorokovoy E. L. , Sorokovoy Ye. L. , Shvets O. M. , Stadnik Yu. S. , Tarasov I. K. , Tereshin V. I. , Tsybenko S. A. , Zamanov N. V. , Volkov Ye. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the Uragan‐3M (U‐3M) and Uragan‐2M (U‐2M) torsatrons possibilities and prospects of Alfvén method utilization for wall conditioning, plasma production and heating are studied. In U‐3M the effect of fast ion loss on H‐like mode formation is investigated. In U‐2M the wall conditioning associated with the chemical reactivity of the atomic hydrogen to create volatile substances is used. A compact four‐strap antenna is proposed for Alfvén resonance heating in U‐2M (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characteristics of Edge MHD Modes and ELM Activity Observed in Large Helical Device Plasmas
Authors: Watanabe F. , Toi K. , Ohdachi S. , Sakakibara S. , Morita S. , Funaba H. , Minami T. , Narihara K. , Narushima Y. , Suzuki C. , Tanaka K. , Tokuzawa T. , Watanabe K.Y. , Yamada I. , LHD Experiment Group  
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the Large Helical Device (LHD), nonlinear evolution of strongly destabilized edge MHD modes, which are thought to be resistive interchange modes, induce repetitive bursts of magnetic fluctuations, soft X‐ray (SX) fluctuations, and extreme ultra‐violet (XUV) fluctuations, and generates a train of sharp spikes in Hα emission signals. These Hα spikes exhibit the character of edge localized mode (ELM). The ELM activities are also observed in high beta or high density L‐mode plasmas having steep pressure gradient at plasma edge as well as H‐mode plasmas with the L‐H transition. The responsible instabilities for ELMs in LHD plasmas are thought to be resistive interchange modes, and are clearly different from those in a tokamak where peeling‐ballooning modes are the candidates. The repetition frequency of ELMs (fELM) increases with the increase of external heating power, of which the character is similar to that of type I ELMs in tokamaks. The product of fELM and the relative ELM amplitude (δHα/Hα) is roughly in proportion to the input heating power, where the ELM induced loss energy (ΔWp) increases with δHα/Hα (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron Density Profile Measurement in Heliotron J with a Microwave AM Reflectometer
Authors: Mukai K. , Nagasaki K. , Zhuravlev V. , Fukuda T. , Mizuuchi T. , Minami T. , Okada H. , Kobayashi S. , Yamamoto S. , Hanatani K. , Konoshima S. , Ohshima S. , Takeuchi M. , Nishi D. , Minami K. , Lee H.Y. , Takabatake Y. , Kishi S. , Yashiro H. , Sano F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA microwave reflectometer is developed for electron density profile measurement in Heliotron J. An amplitude modulation (AM) type system is adopted to reduce density fluctuation effects. The carrier frequency ranges from 33 to 56 GHz, and the modulation frequency is 200 MHz. The X‐mode is selected as the propagation mode in order to measure a hollow density profile which is typically observed in ECH plasmas. A test‐bench examination using an aluminum reflection plate shows that the measured phase shift agrees well with that expected from the change in the plate position. The initial measurement results show that the reconstructed density profile has hollow profile at low density and steep gradient at the edge in ECH plasma. The hollowness is weakened as the averaged density increases (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Global Energy Confinement Studies in TJ‐II NBI Plasmas
Authors: Ascasíbar E. , Estrada T. , Liniers M. , Ochando M. A. , Tabarés F. L. , Tafalla D. , Guasp J. , Jiménez‐Gömez R. , Castejön F. , Löpez‐Bruna D. , Löpez‐Fraguas A. , Pastor I. , Cappa A. , Fuentes C. , Fontdecaba J. M. , TJ‐II Team  
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper is an extension of global plasma confinement in electron‐cyclotron operation to neutral beam heated plasmas in TJ‐II. The reported NBI plasmas have been obtained under lithium‐coated wall conditions. The plasma operation exhibits a substantially better density control and improved confinement as compared to similar boron‐coated wall discharges heated by NBI. Regression analyses of energy confinement time yield a scaling law indicating degradation with power with an exponent of αP = 0.8. The scaling shows an improvement with density with exponent αn = 0.5. The dependencies on plasma radius and rotational transform have not been resolved so far because the –still incomplete– NBI database suffers from a high correlation between these two parameters (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of the Neoclassical Transport Module for the Integrated Simulation Code in Helical Plasmas
Authors: Wakasa A. , Murakami S. , Fukuyama A. , Beidler C.D. , Maaßberg H. , Yokoyama M. , Sato M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe neoclassical transport database, DCOM/NNW, is improved to evaluate the neoclassical transport flux more accurately in high‐temperature plasma in LHD. GSRAKE code, which solves the ripple‐averaged drift kinetic equation, is also used to extend the database to the further collisionless regime. Finally we construct a neoclassical transport database DCOM‐GSRAKE/NNW for LHD (DGN/LHD). The neoclassical transport analyses of high temperature LHD plasma are performed using DGN/LHD. Also DGN/LHD is implemented as a neoclassical transport analysis module in the TASK3D, the integrated simulation code for a helical plasma (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Considerations from the Viewpoint of Neoclassical Transport Towards Higher Ion Temperature Heliotron Plasmas
Authors: Yokoyama M. , Matsuoka S. , Funaba H. , Ida K. , Nagaoka K. , Yoshinuma M. , Takeiri Y. , Kaneko O. , LHD Experiment Group  
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe neoclassical (NC) transport analyses have been performed to elucidate the plausible approaches towards higher ion‐temperature heliotron plasmas. Avoidance of the ripple transport is the key issue, for which the neoclassical ambipolar radial electric field (Er) can be utilized. The ion‐root scenario and the electron‐root scenario are expected to be effective according to the experimental situation (especially, the temperature ratio between ions and electrons). The impact of the ion mass on the neoclassical ambipolarEris also investigated to reveal the easier realization of electron‐rootErin heavier ion plasmas (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hoxb8‐Cre mice: A tool for brain‐sparing conditional gene deletion
Authors: Witschi Robert , Johansson Torbjörn , Morscher Giannina , Scheurer Louis , Deschamps Jacqueline , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe spinal cord is the first site of temporal and spatial integration of nociceptive signals in the pain pathway. Neuroplastic changes occurring at this site contribute critically to various chronic pain syndromes. Gene targeting in mice has generated important insights into these processes. However, the analysis of constitutive (global) gene‐deficient mice is often hampered by confounding effects arising from supraspinal sites. Here, we describe a novel Cre mouse line that expresses the Cre recombinase under the transcriptional control of the Hoxb8 gene. Within the neural axis of these mice, Hoxb8‐Cre expression is found in spinal cord neurons and glial cells, and in virtually all neurons of the dorsal root ganglia, but spares the brain apart from a few cells in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The Hoxb8‐Cre mouse line should be a valuable new tool for the in vivo analysis of peripheral and spinal gene functions in pain pathways. genesis 48:596–602, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applying the institutions of sustainability framework to the case of agricultural soil conservation
Authors: Prager Katrin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Institutions of Sustainability (IoS) framework is a coherent framework that takes into account the interdependencies between ecological and social systems. It has been applied in previous studies and proven to be a useful tool for the analysis of issues in agricultural economics and resource management centred on human–nature interaction. However, previous contributions have not made explicit how to create the link between the analytical framework and practical empirical research, i.e. how to operationalize the IoS framework, how to ‘unpack’ action arenas and how to derive a step by step analysis of the institutional arrangements. This paper explains the application of this framework using the example of agricultural soil degradation and soil conservation policy. It draws on experience from 10 case studies across Europe where the common framework and methods were applied. I discuss several challenges that occurred when the framework was utilized to guide case study research. The paper aims to assist scholars from different disciplines in the application of the IoS framework to undertake a systematic institutional analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
MicroPrep: Chip‐based dielectrophoretic purification of mitochondria
Authors: Moschallski Meike , Hausmann Monika , Posch Anton , Paulus Aran , Kunz Nancy , Duong Thanh Tu , Angres Brigitte , Fuchsberger Kai , Steuer Heiko , Stoll Dieter , Werner Simon , Hagmeyer Britta , Stelzle Martin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe have developed a microfluidic system – microPrep – for subcellular fractionation of cell homogenates based on dielectrophoretic sorting. Separation of mitochondria isolated from a human lymphoblastoid cell line was monitored by fluorescence microscopy and further characterized by western blot analysis. Robust high throughput and continuous long‐term operation for up to 60 h of the microPrep chip system with complex biological samples became feasible as a result of a comprehensive set of technical measures: (i) coating of the inner surfaces of the chip with BSA, (ii) application of mechanical actuators to induce periodic flow patterns, (iii) efficient cooling of the device to ensure integrity of organelle, (iv) a wide channel to provide for high fluidic throughput, and (v) integration of a serial arrangement of 10 dielectrophoretic deflector units to enable separation of samples with a high particle load without clogging. Hence, microPrep yields tens of micrograms of enriched and purified mitochondria within hours. Western blots of mitochondria fractions showed that contaminating endoplasmatic reticulum was reduced by a factor 6 when compared with samples prepared by state of the art centrifugation.