bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appendiceal tie syndrome
Authors: Menon T , Martin RJ , Cameron D , Rao S 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIntestinal knot syndromes such as ileosigmoid knots, ileal‐ileal knots have been described in the literature. We describe a case of a long inflamed appendix wrapping around a loop of ileum causing an appendico‐ileal knot, a rare form of closed loop obstruction with only five cases reported previously. The use of CT scanning prior to surgery is discussed and literature reviewed.
Myoepithelioma and malignant myoepithelioma arising from the salivary gland: computed tomography and magnetic resonance findings
Authors: Monzen Y , Fukushima N , Fukuhara T 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWe report the CT and MRI appearance of myoepithelioma and malignant myoepithelioma arising from accessory salivary glands of the soft palate and the submandibular gland. Correlation of the imaging features and histologic finding is presented. Radiologists should bear in mind that myoepithelioma and malignant myoepithelioma are included in radiological differential diagnosis of head and neck tumours.
Paradoxical cerebral arterial gas embolism: Computed tomography findings
Authors: Ghatge SB , Bhatgadde VL , Nagar AM , Raut AA , Narlawar RS 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYComputed tomography scan findings are described in cerebral arterial gas embolism in two patients with right to left intracardiac shunts by accidental injection of air during intravenous therapy. Although imaging may not be necessary to diagnose the condition, the patient may be referred to CT scan as a case of stroke. Cerebral arterial gas embolism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of stroke, particularly in case of right‐to‐left shunts. CT findings described are classical and diagnostic of the condition.
Axillary lump: an unusual presentation of fat necrosis in the breast
Authors: Donuru A , Obaid H , Al Attar M , Kandula V , Purnell D 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe clinical presentation of an axillary lump, in majority of cases, raises suspicion of an enlarged lymph node due to malignant causes. In this case report, we established a diagnosis of an axillary lump caused by fat necrosis. We present this case report with review of the literature to familiarize clinicians with this condition.
Magnetic resonance imaging of a case of monomelic macrodystrophia lipomatosa
Authors: Pandey AK 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYMacrodystrophia lipomatosa is a rare form of non‐hereditary congenital localized gigantism. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging of one such case in a 3‐year‐old girl is presented in which the entire right‐lower limb was affected. Radiographs revealed excessive soft tissue hypertrophy and exostoses‐like bony overgrowth from the metatarsals. Magnetic resonance images showed excess unencapsulated fatty proliferation and fatty infiltration of the involved muscles.
Persistent trigeminal artery and associated vascular variations
Authors: Varghese SPJ 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYPersistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most frequent type of persistent primitive carotid‐basilar artery anastomoses. Persistent trigeminal artery is usually associated with small or absent posterior communicating artery (Pcom). It may also be associated with hypoplastic vertebral and basilar arteries. Patients may present with symptoms related to hypo‐perfusion of posterior circulation or microembolization from carotid artery to posterior circulation. We are presenting a 60‐year‐old who had recurrent episodes of vertigo and parasthesia, in whom MR angiography revealed a medial, Saltzman type 1 PTA on the left with absent ipsilateral Pcom, duplicated ipsilateral superior cerebellar artery, hypoplastic A1 segment of contralateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA), azygous ACA and hypoplastic ipsilateral vertebral artery.
Focal lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in aplastic anaemia: Multiple metastases or haemopoietic marrow
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Robertson Patsy , Szer Jeffrey 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWe describe the imaging findings in the spine of a 26‐year‐old man with aplastic anaemia who is undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spine revealed multiple focal low signal intensity lesions involving most of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies. A CT‐guided biopsy of one of these lesions was performed at the level of L2, demonstrating normal haemopoietic tissue, with no evidence of lymphoma or metastases. Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow has been widely described previously, but few reports have examined the pattern of marrow regeneration following immunosuppressive therapy. The presence of low signal intensity lesions scattered through high signal intensity fatty marrow usually raises suspicion of pathology such as lymphoma, metastases or myeloma. In this case, the low signal intensity lesions represent regenerating, expanding haemopoietic marrow.
Dorsal dermal sinus with intramedullary abscess formation
Authors: Shah JR , Joshi V , Patkar D 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYDorsal dermal sinus, a congenital abnormality associated with spinal dysraphism, can serve as a path for spread of infection inside the spinal thecal sac with its sequelae. Intramedullary abscess formation is an uncommon complication and only about 20 cases have been reported in the English literature. We report MR appearances of three new cases.
Cervical chordoma presenting as retropharyngeal mass and dysphonia: Case report and literature review
Authors: Singh N , Soo M , De Cruz M , Gomes L , Maclean F , Dandie G 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYChordoma is a rare primary bone tumour that presents with signs and symptoms of local compression and myelopathy. A case of C4 chordoma with unusual clinical and imaging features is presented. The diagnosis of chordoma requires clinical, radiological and pathological correlation. Clinical features may include laryngeal symptoms arising from distortion of local anatomy. Characteristic tumour appearance and distribution on imaging plays a key role in diagnosis and management of this slow growing tumour with potential for major surgical morbidity.
Rare presentation of thyroglossal duct cyst after radiation therapy to the neck
Authors: Srinivasan A , Hayes M , Chepeha D , Mukherji SK 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is a congenital lesion which usually manifests as an enlarging painless neck mass in a child or young adult. We highlight an unusual presentation of TDC in an adult which developed after radiation therapy to the neck. We discuss the probable sequence of events and emphasize the need for radiologists, radiation oncologists and the surgeons to be aware of this entity when evaluating patients after radiation therapy.
Anterior urethral value: An uncommon cause of urethral obstruction
Authors: Hassam SMA , Tew K 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYAn anterior urethral valve causing bladder outlet obstruction in children is rare. The early identification and management of this condition is crucial as delay may lead to chronic renal damage. We present a case of a 10‐month old male child diagnosed with an anterior urethral valve by micturating cystourethrogram. This case emphasizes the importance of visualizing the whole of the penile urethra in performing a paediatric MCU examination or this important diagnosis may be missed.
Pneumatosis intestinalis and portal‐venous gas: An unusual presentation of acute appendicitis
Authors: Tuite DJ , Byrne A , Colhoun E , Torreggiani WC 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYPneumatosis Intestinalis in association with portal venous gas is a very rare finding in children and young adults. When present, it is typically associated with bowel infarction and carries a poor prognosis. We present an extremely unusual case where imaging revealed extensive pneumatosis intestinalis and portal venous gas in a patient with acute appendicitis.
Emergent treatment of an Iatrogenic arterial injury at femoral puncture site With Symbiot® self‐expanding PTFE‐covered coronary stent‐graft
Authors: Arat A , Turkbey B , Cil BE , Canyigit M , Cekirge S 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWe report an intracranial stenting procedure complicated by active bleeding from the femoral puncture site because of high arterial puncture. The patient was treated by placement of two PTFE‐covered self‐expanding coronary stent‐grafts. To our knowledge, there have been very few reports on stent‐grafting of femoral artery in the literature. The low profile and flexibility of the coronary stent‐graft enabled treatment via a six French sheath and 12th month patency is demonstrated with CT angiography.
Fluid‐calcium level in the thigh versus clinical diagnosis of a soft‐tissue abscess: Ultrasound features of dermatomyositis
Authors: Van Gelderen WFC 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYUltrasound features of a fluid‐calcium level in a soft‐tissue mass in the thigh in dermatomyositis are described. As the mass was tender, a soft‐tissue abscess required to be excluded by aspiration.
Brain MRI features of merosin‐negative congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Ibrahim Abdulla JK , Vattoth S , Al Tawari AA , Pandey T , Abubacker S 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe purpose of this article is to report brain MRI findings of merosin‐negative congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) in two cases and to discuss its differentiation from other CMD subtypes. The cases were investigated by 1.5 Tesla MRI equipment using T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), 3D fast spoiled gradient recalled (SPGR) and post‐contrast gadolinium enhanced sequences and the diagnosis was confirmed by muscle biopsy with immunohistochemical staining for merosin. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral subcortical U‐fibre white matter changes with periventricular sparing in the first case. Though this imaging finding is non‐specific and could be seen in other white matter diseases like Canavan disease, the absence of other distinguishing MRI and clinical features of those conditions allowed a proper diagnosis. The second case showed diffuse subcortical and deep white matter involvement and cerebellar cysts. There was no brainstem involvement, polymicrogyria or cobblestone lissencephaly in both of our cases which allowed differentiation of merosin‐negative CMD from other CMDs. Muscle biopsy in both these patients showed dystrophic changes with absent staining for merosin confirming the diagnosis. Merosin‐negative CMD should be considered in the imaging differential diagnosis of white matter diseases. In a patient presenting with features of CMD, MRI can be of help in further differentiation of the various CMD subtypes.
Cervical surgical emphysema: Rare presentation of a sigmoid colon retroperitoneal perforation with abscess rupture through the lumbar triangle of Petit
Authors: Zentner L , Firkin A , House R 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA retroperitoneal sigmoid colon perforation presenting with cervical surgical emphysema secondary to abscess rupture through the lumbar triangle of Petit into the posterior paraspinal muscle compartment has not been previously described. We report a case where previously ingested barium clearly demonstrates this unusual pathway.
Disturbance, species loss and compensation: Wildfire and grazing effects on the avian community and its food supply in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania
Authors: NKWABI A. K. , SINCLAIR A. R E. , METZGER K. L. , MDUMA S. A. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn important question in biodiversity studies is whether disturbances in ecosystems will cause a net loss of species or whether such losses can be compensated by replacement of other species. We use two natural disturbances, fire and grazing, to examine the response of bird and arthropod communities in grasslands of Serengeti, Tanzania. Both burning and grazing by migrant ungulates take place at the end of the rains in June–July. We documented the communities before disturbance, then 1, 4 and 20 weeks after disturbance on three replicate plots and compared them with three undisturbed plots. Birds were recorded by observation, arthropods from pitfall, tray trap and sweepnet samples. We expected that as the grass biomass was reduced by either disturbance, bird communities would change with concomitant change in arthropod food abundance. Alternatively, bird communities would change not with the absolute amount of food but with the greater accessibility of food as the grass structure changed from long to short grass. Results showed first that both bird species richness and abundance increased after both types of disturbance, but burnt sites showed a greater increase than that for grazed sites. Second, there was a change in bird species composition with disturbance. The functionally equivalent athi short‐toed lark (Calandrella athensis) was replaced by the red‐capped lark (Calandrella cinerea). Third, the abundance of most groups of arthropods was lower on disturbed sites than those on undisturbed sites, and the reduction of arthropod numbers was greatest on burnt sites. These results imply that bird abundance did not occur through an increase in arthropod abundance but rather through a change in the grass structure making food more accessible; and the higher predation could have caused the lower arthropod abundance. In addition, some bird species replaced others thus functionally compensating for their loss.
Evidence that a single exposure to aversive stimuli triggers long‐lasting effects in the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis that consolidate with time
Authors: Martí Octavi , García Arantxa , Vellès Astrid , Harbuz Michael S. , Armario Antonio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBecause of its use as a negative reinforcer in animal studies and its potential pathological impact (e.g. post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression), exposure to aversive stimuli is a relevant model for studying CNS plasticity. We present evidence that a single exposure to two predominantly emotional stressors [restraint in tubes and immobilization on wooden boards (IMO)] can modify the response of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis to a subsequent exposure to the same stressor days later in that a more rapid return to the baseline was observed in the poststress period. In addition, the effect was greater with IMO, the more severe stressor. Using IMO, we have further demonstrated that the effect of a previous single exposure to the stressor (i) increased with days elapsed between the two exposures; (ii) was specific for the previously experienced stressor; and (iii) was mediated via central‐mediated effects [corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus]. These data suggest that animals retain memory about a single experience with stressors, resulting in an acceleration of the poststress recovery of the HPA axis that enhances progressively over a period of weeks. The extent to which the present data are relevant regarding post‐traumatic stress disorders is unclear, but the study of the HPA response to severe stressors may be suitable for the study of the neurobiological basis of the progressive consolidation of learning over a long period of time (days to weeks).
TrkA‐expressing trigeminal sensory neurons display both neurochemical and structural plasticity despite a loss of p75NTR function: responses to normal and elevated levels of nerve growth factor
Authors: Krol Karmen M. , Stein Edward J. , Elliott Janet , Kawaja Michael D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn neural crest‐derived sensory ganglia, approximately half of the neuronal population expresses the transmembrane trkA receptor that is required for neuronal binding of target‐derived nerve growth factor (NGF). These same neurons also express the p75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR) that increases the affinity of trkA for NGF. Depleting p75NTR expression reduces both the survival of trkA‐positive sensory neurons and their afferent innervation of peripheral targets. In this investigation, we assessed the neurochemical and structural plasticity of trigeminal sensory neurons in p75NTR‐deficient mice in response to either normal or elevated levels of NGF during postnatal development and into adulthood. Although p75NTR‐deficient mice have 30% fewer trigeminal neurons, levels of trkA mRNA expression are modestly elevated in these mutant mice as compared to control mice. The density of central afferent axons and local levels of NGF are, however, comparable between mutant and control animals. Thus, despite the survival of fewer trigeminal neurons, neither ganglionic levels of trkA mRNA expression nor the density of central afferent projections are depleted in p75NTR‐deficient mice. In response to elevated levels of NGF protein, transgenic mice with and without p75NTR expression display both increased levels of trkA mRNA expression and a greater density of trigeminal central afferent axons as compared to control mice. These data further reveal that an absence of p75NTR function in trigeminal sensory neurons does not diminish their capacity for NGF‐dependent plasticity, namely trkA mRNA expression and collateral growth of central afferent axons.
Astrocyte–endothelial cell calcium signals conveyed by two signalling pathways
Authors: Braet Katleen , Paemeleire Koen , D'herde Katharina , Sanderson Michael J. , Leybaert Luc 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAstrocytes and endothelial cells are in close contact with each other at the blood–brain barrier, where important molecular transports take place. Despite these key morphological and functional properties, little is known regarding the dynamic signalling processes that occur between these two cell types. We investigated astrocyte–endothelial cell calcium signalling mechanisms in a coculture model prepared from primary rat cortical astrocytes and ECV304 cells. We used flash photolysis of caged inositol‐trisphosphate (IP3) and gentle mechanical stimulation to trigger astrocyte–endothelial cell calcium signals and to investigate the underlying propagation mechanisms. Photolytically releasing IP3in a single cell triggered increases in cytoplasmic calcium concentration that propagated between astrocytes and endothelial cells in either direction. These propagating calcium signals did not cross cell‐free zones and were not affected by fast superfusion or by the purinergic inhibitors apyrase and suramin, indicating that they are communicated through an intracellular pathway in conjunction with gap junctions. Electrophysiological experiments confirmed a low degree of astrocyte–endothelial cell electrical cell‐to‐cell coupling. Mechanical stimulation of a single cell also triggered astrocyte–endothelial cell calcium signals but, in contrast to the former triggering mode, these signals crossed cell‐free zones and were significantly inhibited by apyrase, thus indicating the involvement of an extracellular and purinergic messenger. Astrocyte–endothelial cell calcium signalling also occurred in cocultures prepared with astrocytes and primary rat brain capillary endothelial cells. We conclude that astrocytes and endothelial cells can exchange fast‐acting calcium signals (time scale of seconds) that can be communicated through an intracellular/gap junctional pathway and an extracellular purinergic pathway.
Prevention of galanin upregulation following neonatal infraorbital nerve transection or attenuation of axoplasmic transport does not rescue central vibrissae‐related patterns in the rat
Authors: Chiaia Nicolas L. , Shah Assad , Crissman Robert S. , Rhoades Robert W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNeonatal transection of, or blockade of axoplasmic transport in, the infraorbital nerve [ION, the trigeminal (V) branch that supplies the mystacial vibrissae follicles] results in a loss of all central patterns corresponding to the vibrissae follicles in the brainstem, thalamus and cortex except for those of the central terminal arbors of ION primary afferents that survive this lesion. Both of these manipulations also result in a rapid and dramatic upregulation of at least two peptides, galanin and neuropeptide Y, in surviving vibrissae‐related primary afferents. Galanin is of particular interest, because this peptide has effects on neuronal activity and growth, both factors which may be involved in the disappearance of central vibrissae‐related patterns in rats that have sustained neonatal ION transection or axoplasmic transport blockade. The present study used antisense technology to determine whether the upregulation of galanin in the central terminals of ION primary afferents is necessary for the loss of central vibrissae‐related patterns in rats. Newborn rats had their left ION transected or axoplasmic transport in this nerve blocked by application of a vinblastine‐impregnated implant, and at the same time received an injection of commercially synthesized phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide sequences (15–20 bases) directly into the V ganglion in order to block galanin upregulation. These injections effectively prevented the upregulation of this peptide which is normally associated with ION transection or axoplasmic transport blockade. Preventing galanin upregulation, however, did not prevent or attenuate the loss of central vibrissae‐related patterns in the brainstem or cortex normally observed following ION transection or axoplasmic transport blockade in this nerve. These results are thus consistent with the conclusion that the upregulation of galanin in the central terminals of V primary afferents, observed after damage to or attenuation of axoplasmic transport in the ION, is not necessary for the reorganization that results in a disappearance of central vibrissae‐related patterns in the V neuraxis.
Postoperative pain relief in infants undergoing myringotomy and tube placement: comparison of a novel regional anesthetic block to intranasal fentanyl – a pilot analysis
Authors: VORONOV POLINA , TOBIN MICHAEL J , BILLINGS KATHLEEN , COTÉ CHARLES J. , IYER ADITYA , SURESH SANTHANAM 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAim:  The aim of this study was to investigate the use of a novel regional anesthetic technique for the management of pain in the postoperative period in infants and children undergoing myringotomy and tube placement.Methods:  After institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained, 200 children were randomized in this double blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial to receive either a nerve block of the auricular branch of the Vagus (Nerve of Arnold) with 0.2 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine or receive intranasal fentanyl 2 mcg·kg−1 after induction of general anesthesia. Patients were monitored in the recovery room for analgesia, need for additional analgesia, incidence of nausea and vomiting, and time to discharge from the hospital. Additional analgesics administered in the PACU, surgical short‐stay unit as well as at home were also recorded.Results:  There was no difference in the pain scores between groups (P = 0.53); there was no difference in the amount of rescue medications between groups (P = 0.86); there was no difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting between groups (P = 0.34); there was no difference in the time to discharge between groups (P = 0.5).Conclusions:  This pilot study demonstrates the efficacy of a peripheral nerve block for management of postoperative pain in infants and children undergoing myringotomy and tube placement. This may be a viable alternative for postoperative pain control in this population. Future multi‐center, randomized controlled trials may be necessary to validate the efficacy of this block in infants and children.