bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin, but Not Testosterone, Is Associated Prospectively and Independently With Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Men
Authors: Bhasin Shalender , Jasjua Guneet K. , Pencina Michael , D’Agostino Ralph , Coviello Andrea D. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Travison Thomas G. 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
The association between total testosterone and metabolic syndrome has prompted speculation that low testosterone contributes to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome in men. We determined whether testosterone or sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) is independently associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cross-sectional relationships of hormone levels with metabolic syndrome were assessed in a sample of men in generation 2 of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) who did not receive testosterone or androgen-deprivation therapy (n = 1,625) and confirmed in a validation sample of men in FHS generation 3 (n = 1,912). Hormone levels in generation 2 examination 7 were related prospectively to incident metabolic syndrome 6.6 years later at examination 8. Testosterone was measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, SHBG was measured by immunofluorometric assay, and free testosterone was calculated. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.

RESULTS
Cross-sectionally, testosterone and SHBG were more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than free testosterone in the training sample. SHBG, but not testosterone or free testosterone, was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome after adjusting for age, smoking, BMI, and insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]). These findings were confirmed in a validation sample. Longitudinally, SHBG at examination 7, but not testosterone or free testosterone, was associated with incident metabolic syndrome at examination 8 after adjusting for age, smoking, BMI, and HOMA-IR. Multivariable analyses suggested that age, BMI, and insulin sensitivity independently affect SHBG and testosterone levels and the risk of metabolic syndrome and its components.

CONCLUSIONS
SHBG, but not testosterone, is independently associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome. These data do not reveal an independent prospective relationship between testosterone and metabolic syndrome in men.
Adhesion Molecules, Altered Vasoreactivity, and Brain Atrophy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Novak Vera , Zhao Peng , Manor Brad , Sejdić Ervin , Alsop David , Abduljalil Amir , Roberson Paula K. , Munshi Medha , Novak Peter 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of inflammation on perfusion regulation and brain volumes in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 147 subjects (71 diabetic and 76 nondiabetic, aged 65.2 ± 8 years) were studied using 3T anatomical and continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Analysis focused on the relationship between serum soluble vascular and intercellular adhesion molecules (sVCAM and sICAM, respectively, both markers of endothelial integrity), regional vasoreactivity, and tissue volumes.

RESULTS
Diabetic subjects had greater vasoconstriction reactivity, more atrophy, depression, and slower walking. Adhesion molecules were specifically related to gray matter atrophy (P = 0.04) and altered vasoreactivity (P = 0.03) in the diabetic and control groups. Regionally, sVCAM and sICAM were linked to exaggerated vasoconstriction, blunted vasodilatation, and increased cortical atrophy in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes (P = 0.04–0.003). sICAM correlated with worse functionality.

CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes is associated with cortical atrophy, vasoconstriction, and worse performance. Adhesion molecules, as markers of vascular health, have been indicated to contribute to altered vasoregulation and atrophy.
Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program
Authors: Schlosser Michael , Mueller Patricia W. , Achenbach Peter , Lampasona Vito , Bingley Polly J. ,   Participating Laboratories
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVEAutoantibodies to IA-2β (IA-2βA) are important risk markers of type 1 diabetes. We report the first Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program (DASP) evaluation of IA-2βA assays.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThirteen laboratories from nine countries received coded sera from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 100 healthy blood donors. IA-2βA results were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Concordance of antibody levels was compared using counts per minute (cpm), local and standard curve–derived common units.RESULTSMedian laboratory-assigned sensitivity was 47% (interquartile range [IQR] 45–51), specificity 98% (IQR 95–99), adjusted sensitivity at 95% specificity 50% (IQR 49–53), and area under the ROC curve 0.70 (IQR 0.69–0.73). Use of common IA-2βA units improved concordance between assays compared with local units and cpm (P &lt; 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSIA-2βA assays in multiple laboratories worldwide achieved good concordance and high specificity for type 1 diabetes. IA-2βA are suitable for inclusion in autoantibody testing for risk assessment in prediabetes.
Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Equation Pronouncedly Underestimates Glomerular Filtration Rate in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Silveiro Sandra P. , Araújo Gustavo N. , Ferreira Mariana N. , Souza Fabíola D.S. , Yamaguchi Halley M. , Camargo Eduardo G. 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the performance of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in type 2 diabetic patients with GFR &gt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study including 105 type 2 diabetic patients. GFR was measured by 51Cr-EDTA method and estimated by the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations. Serum creatinine was measured by the traceable Jaffe method. Bland-Altman plots were used. Bias, accuracy (P30), and precision were evaluated.

RESULTS
The mean age of patients was 57 ± 8 years; 53 (50%) were men and 90 (86%) were white. Forty-six (44%) patients had microalbuminuria, and 14 (13%) had macroalbuminuria. 51Cr-EDTA GFR was 103 ± 23, CKD-EPI GFR was 83 ± 15, and MDRD-GFR was 78 ± 17 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P &lt; 0.001). Accuracy (95% CI) was 67% (58–74) for CKD-EPI and 64% (56–75) for MDRD. Precision was 21 and 22, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The CKD-EPI and MDRD equations pronouncedly underestimated GFR in type 2 diabetic patients.
Genetic structure of a widely dispersed beach annual, Cakile edentula (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Gormally C. L. , Donovan J. L. HamrickLisa A. 
Published: September 2011

• Premise of the study: Genetic structure of coastal plant species is influenced by the homogenizing effects of long‐distance seed dispersal and the isolating effects of fragmented geographic distribution. Although dispersed coastal annuals play a significant role in establishing healthy dune communities, relatively little is known about their population genetic structure.• Methods: We investigated the population genetic structure of Cakile edentula, an annual colonizer of beaches of coastal North America and the Great Lakes. We surveyed 22 populations for 24 allozyme loci across a geographic range encompassing three infraspecific taxa: two subspecies (C. edentula subsp. edentula and subsp. harperi) and two varieties of subsp. edentula (var. edentula and var. lacustris).• Key results: Genetic diversity in C. edentula (Hes = 0.118) is equivalent to mean estimates for other annual mixed‐mating species, but is much lower (Hep=0.041) within its populations. UPGMA identified three groups that are consistent with previously described subspecies and possibly consistent with the two varieties. An AMOVA indicates that variation among taxonomic groups explains 54% of total genetic diversity within the species. Although pairwise FST estimates indicate moderate rates of gene flow between populations within groups, there was no evidence of significant isolation by distance.• Conclusions: Genetic structure of C. edentula is strongly related to previously described phenotypically and geographically based infraspecific taxa. Within taxa, the effects of long‐distance dispersal of its buoyant propagules are balanced by the isolating effects of fragmented geographic distribution and a mixed‐mating system.
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in Pericopsis elata (Fabaceae) using a cost‐efficient approach
Authors: Micheneau Claire , Dauby Gilles , Bourland Nils , Doucet Jean‐Louis , Hardy Olivier J. 
Published: September 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were developed in the endangered Pericopsis elata using a combination of low‐cost procedures.• Methods and Results: Microsatellite isolation was performed simultaneously on three distinct species through a newly available procedure that associates multiplex microsatellite enrichment and next‐generation sequencing, allowing the rapid and low‐cost development of microsatellite‐enriched libraries through the use of a 1/32nd GS‐FLX plate. Genotyping using M13‐like labeling in multiplexed reactions allowed additional cost savings. From 72 primers selected for initial screening, 21 positively amplified P. elata, and 11 showed polymorphism with two to 11 alleles per locus and a mean value of 5.4 alleles per locus.• Conclusions: These microsatellite loci will be useful to further investigate the level of genetic variation within and between natural populations of P. elata in Africa.
Characterization of nuclear microsatellite loci in the calcareous fen specialist Scorpidium cossonii (Calliergonaceae)
Authors: Kophimai Yuppayao , Cornejo Carolina , Peintinger Markus , Bergamini Ariel , Scheidegger Christoph 
Published: September 2011

• Premise of the study: Nuclear microsatellite markers were developed in the fen specialist moss, Scorpidium cossonii, to study genetic diversity and genetic structure of this species in relation to land‐use types, habitat fragmentation, and habitat conservation measures.• Methods and Results: The polymorphisms of 14 microsatellite markers were characterized. All primers were tested on 140 gametophytes collected from four populations in Switzerland. The primers amplified di‐ and trinucleotide repeats with three to 26 alleles per locus. The primers worked also in the two other species of the genus: 14 and 12 primers successfully amplified in S. revolvens and S. scorpioides, respectively.• Conclusions: In future studies, our primers have the potential to provide valuable information on genetic diversity, genetic structure, and on historical and recent gene flow in S. cossonii; they should also enable related research in other Scorpidium species.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellites for Tripterygium (Celastraceae), a monospecific genus of medicinal importance
Authors: Novy Ari , Jones Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for the medicinal plant Tripterygium (Celastraceae) to assess its population structure and to facilitate source tracking of plant materials used for medicinal extracts.• Methods and Results: Ten microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized in T. wilfordii using an enriched genomic library. The number of alleles per locus ranged from five to 12. Observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.166 to 0.630 and 0.392 to 0.562, respectively.• Conclusions: These markers will be useful for a variety of applications including source tracking of plant materials, resolution of taxonomic issues, and population genetics studies.
Aux frontières du territoire. Idéologie territoriale et dynamiques foncières au Busoga (Ouganda)
Authors: François Alain 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Les logiques qui président à la construction du territoire et de la frontière s’inscrivent irrémédiablement dans le champ des idéologies. Ainsi, c’est à partir d’une étude de cas prise chez les Basoga du sud-est de l’Ouganda que nous entendons montrer le cadre conceptuel et métaphorique à partir duquel les populations socialisent la nature et construisent leurs imaginaires spatiaux et territoriaux au regard desquels prennent sens les rapports fonciers, et la signification que peut recouvrir dans ce cadre la « marchandisation » en cours de ces rapports. Une attention particulière est portée à l’impact de ces idéologies sur la gestion des friches agricoles, l’atomisation des unités de production, la recolonisation de terres abandonnées ainsi que sur les transactions monétaires et les contrats agraires.
La fin de l'État démiurge ? Les nouvelles facettes de l'urbain dans le Sahara libyen
Authors: Pliez Olivier 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Le désert libyen est aujourd’hui urbanisé à près de 90 % et constitue un observatoire privilégié de dynamiques qui touchent tout le Sahara. Ce processus urbain donne désormais à voir un visage paradoxal : celui de la crise liée au désengagement de l’État, acteur longtemps exclusif de leur développement, mais aussi celui de nouvelles dynamiques socio-spatiales. Le cas de Koufra, oasis isolée du Sahara central, est révélateur de la transformation de toutes les villes sahariennes transfrontalières en lieux de transit transnationaux des migrants et des marchandises entre les deux rives du Sahara. L’étude d’une vallée oasienne du Fezzan permet en revanche de nuancer les constats critiques des décennies précédentes sur les conséquences négatives du mouvement d’urbanisation-modernisation des campagnes. De nouvelles configurations territoriales se dessinent dans les interstices du territoire national libyen sans pour autant gommer les contours du projet étatique saharien.
L'Île Maurice à l'ère de la mondialisation. Un modèle d'un développement de rattrapage ?
Authors: Koop Kirsten 
Published: September 2011

Résumé	L’Île Maurice est souvent citée comme un des rares exemples de réussite d’intégration d’un pays du Sud dans le marché mondial. En effet, dans les années 1980, des investissements directs étrangers, notamment dans l’industrie du textile, ont pu enclencher un développement économique extraordinaire sur l’île et la pauvreté a considérablement diminué. Or, la libéralisation de l’ancienne Convention de Lomé et le démantèlement de l’Accord Multi-Fibre jusqu’en 2005, accords qui jusque-là avaient protégé l’exportation mauricienne de la concurrence d’autres pays du Sud, ont récemment induit une crise structurelle de l’industrie sucrière et de celle du textile. Dans ces nouvelles conditions de libre marché, ces deux secteurs locaux, intensifs en main d’œuvre, ne sont plus compétitifs sur le marché mondial. Les pertes constantes d’emplois dans ces deux secteurs piliers de l’économie mauricienne n’ont, jusqu’à l’heure, pas pu être compensées par le développement du secteur de service, tel que le tourisme et la technologie d’information. De plus, la pression de la compétition mondiale a eu pour conséquence un nombre croissant d’emplois précaires et sous-payés.	Le résultat de cette évolution économique est une augmentation considérable du chômage et une masse grandissante de « travailleurs pauvres » – un phénomène bien connu dans nos pays industrialisés et directement lié à la concurrence accrue des entreprises. En conséquence, la pauvreté à l’île Maurice réaugmente de nouveau. Pour un large segment de la population, la prospérité des années 1980 n’a été qu’un phénomène éphémère. Un véritable « développement de rattrapage », paradigme de développement encore de nos jours, n’a pas pu être réalisé.
Peripartum pain management in opioid dependent women
Authors: Höflich A.S. , Langer M. , Jagsch R. , Bäwert A. , Winklbaur B. , Fischer G. , Unger A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIncreased pain sensitivity and the development of opioid tolerance complicate the treatment of pain experiencedby opioid maintained pregnantwomenduring delivery and the perinatal period. Theaim of the present study was to investigate differences in pain management of opioid maintained compared to nondependent pregnant women during delivery and the postpartum period. 40 deliveries of 37 opioid dependent women enrolled in a double‐blind, double‐dummy randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the safety and efficacy of methadone (mean dose at the time of delivery = 63.89 mg) and buprenorphine (mean dose at the time of delivery = 14.05 mg) during pregnancy were analyzed and participants were matched to a non‐dependent comparison group of 80 pregnant women. Differences in pain management (opioid and non‐opioid analgesic medication) during delivery and perinatal period were analyzed. Following cesarean delivery opioid maintained women received significantly less opioid analgesics (day of delivery p = 0.038; day 1: p = 0.02), NSAIDs were administered more frequently to opioid dependent patients than to the comparison group during cesarean section and on the third day postpartum. Significantly higher nicotine consumption in the group of opioid dependentwomenhad a strong influence onthe retrieved results, and might be considered as an independent factor of altered pain experience. Differences in pain treatment became evident when comparing opioid maintained women to healthy controls. These differences might be based on psychosocial consequences of opioid addiction along with the lack of an interdisciplinary consensus on pain treatment protocols for opioid dependent patients.
Effectiveness of cervical cancer screening using visual inspection with acetic acid in Peru
Authors: Luciani Silvana , Munoz Sergio , Gonzales Miguel , Delgado Jose M. , Valcarcel Mario 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of screening using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA).MethodsIn a low‐resource area of Peru in 2005–2008, a randomly selected sample of women who had previously screened negative by VIA and Pap (intervention group), and a group of eligible women previously unscreened by VIA (comparison group) were screened by VIA. The outcome measures were histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2–3 and invasive cervical cancer.ResultsThere were 4252 women in the intervention group and 4392 in the comparison group. Histologically confirmed CIN 2 or worse was diagnosed in 31 (0.7%) and 115 (2.6%) women, and invasive cancer was diagnosed in 4 women (0.09%) and 43 women (1.00%), in the intervention and comparison groups, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio was 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7–6.4) for CIN 2 or worse, and 13.9 (95% CI, 4.9–39.6) for invasive cervical cancer in the comparison group.ConclusionA lower prevalence of CIN 2–3 and invasive cervical cancer was seen in women previously screened by VIA, as compared with women not previously screened by VIA, implying that a single VIA screening can lower the population risk for cervical cancer.
Late Holocene vegetation in the Azraq Wetland Reserve, Jordan
Authors: Woolfenden Wallace B. , Ababneh Linah 
Published: September 2011

AbstractShifts in aquatic and terrestrial vegetation associations and hydrology during the past > 3100 yr are indicated by the pollen and sediment sequences in a core retrieved from the Azraq wetland, Jordan. The pollen sequence provides evidence for a relatively stable wetland during the period of study until ca. AD 1400 when the wetland apparently declined as desert shrubland expanded. Springs continually supplied fresh water that maintained the shallow pools and marsh. In periods of increased winter precipitation, runoff from the surrounding wadis may have inundated the wetland and deposited silts and clays. During dryer episodes the influx of winter storm water would have been much less but the springs would have still provided water to the wetland and deposited peat. This is shown by the sequences of clay, silty and sandy clay loam, and peat in the core.
Truths and Lies: Irony and Intrigue in the Tārīkh‐i Bayhaqī
Authors: Amirsoleimani Soheila 
Published: September 2011

To the memory of my ustad, K. Allin Luther, in appreciation of his teaching and example.Abu'l-Fazl Muhammad B. Al-Husayn Bayhaqi (385-470/995-1077), A Khurasanian scribe of the Ghaznavids, wrote a history of this Perso-Islamic dynasty (388-582/994-1186) in his work referred to as the Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī (composed in 450/1058). The Ghaznavids ruled in an area now comprising eastern Iran, Afghanistan, and northern India. With the loss of greater Khurasan to the nomadic Saljuqs at the battle of Dandanqan on 9 Ramadan 431/24 May 1040, the empire was reduced to parts of Afghanistan and northern India, chiefly the Punjab. The downfall of the Ghaznavids in Khurasan also divides the period of the first three kings from those of the later ones. Bayhaqi himself organized the history of the Ghaznavids in terms of “principal” (aṣl), versus “minor” (far˓) territories. For Bayhaqi the principal territories are Khurasan and Jibal, but especially Khurasan, as opposed to the minor territories in India. He wrote his history when he was an old man and after 29 years had passed from the loss of Khurasan. The only surviving volumes of Bayhaqi's history of the Ghaznavids cover the reign of the third Ghaznavid ruler Mas˓ud (421—31/1030-1040), who lost Khurasan to the Saljuqs.
The Effect of Lace-up Ankle Braces on Injury Rates in High School Football Players
Authors: McGuine Timothy A. , Hetzel Scott , Wilson John , Brooks Alison 
Published: September 2011

Background: Although ankle injuries occur frequently in high school football players, no prospective studies have been performed to determine if wearing lace-up ankle braces will reduce the incidence and severity of ankle and other lower extremity injuries in these athletes. Purpose: This study was conducted to determine if lace-up ankle braces reduce the incidence and severity of lower extremity injuries sustained by high school football players. Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 2081 players from 50 high schools were randomly assigned to a braced or control group. Braced group players wore lace-up ankle braces during the 2010 football season. Athletic trainers recorded brace compliance, athlete-exposures, and injuries. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to compare injury rates between groups. Injury severity (days lost) was tested with Wilcoxon rank sum. Results: The rate of acute ankle injury (per 1000 exposures) was 0.48 in the braced group compared with 1.12 in the control group (Cox hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.65; P < .001). The severity (median days lost) of acute ankle injuries was the same (5 days) in both groups ( P = .985). The rate of acute knee injury was 0.70 in the braced group compared with 0.69 in the control group (HR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.57-1.47; P = .721). There was no difference ( P = .242) in the severity of knee injuries between the groups (controls = 11.5 days, braced = 17 days). The rate of other lower extremity injuries was 0.95 in the braced group and 1.32 in the control group (HR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.48-1.09; P = .117), while the severity was similar in both groups (6 days vs 7 days; P = .295). Conclusion: Players who used lace-up ankle braces had a lower incidence of acute ankle injuries but no difference in the incidence of acute knee or other lower extremity injuries. Braces did not reduce the severity of ankle, knee, or other lower extremity injuries.