bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of Awake Transnasal Laser‐Assisted Surgery for Benign Laryngeal Lesions
Authors: Tam Aurora Ka Yue , Leung Natalie Moon Wah , Lee Shui Kwong John , Wei Yifeng , Hu Yunyi , Chan Jason Ying Kuen , Law Thomas 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo compare functional and cost‐effectiveness of awake transnasal laser assisted‐surgery versus microlaryngeal surgery for benign laryngeal lesions.MethodsThis was a prospective non‐inferiority randomized controlled trial conducted from May 2021 to December 2022 at two tertiary referral hospitals in Hong Kong. Patients were block‐randomized to receive either awake transnasal laser‐assisted surgery or microlaryngeal surgery, with post‐operative follow‐up in a multidisciplinary voice clinic for 1‐year. Primary outcome was Voice Handicap Index (VHI‐30). Secondary outcomes included operation time, complications, length of stay, peri‐operative discomfort, recurrence, and medical costs.ResultsSixty‐one patients were randomized to either awake transnasal laser‐assisted surgery (n = 30) and microlaryngeal surgery (n = 31). Both groups had comparable demographics and laryngeal pathologies. Both groups showed significant improvement of VHI‐30 score over time and had comparable post‐operative VHI‐30. Awake transnasal laser‐assisted surgery group had a significantly shorter length of stay (0.5 vs. 1 day) and less throat discomfort (2 vs. 4) compared to microlaryngeal surgery group. Intraoperative complications were more common in microlaryngeal surgery group (14.3% vs. 0%). Otherwise, both groups had similar operative time and recurrence rate. Cost‐analysis showed a significantly lower hospital cost for awake transnasal laser‐assisted surgery (USD 3090) compared to microlaryngeal surgery group (USD 5120).ConclusionAwake transnasal laser‐assisted surgery was safe, functionally non‐inferior, as measured by VHI‐30, to microlaryngeal surgery in managing benign laryngeal lesions, while superior to microlaryngeal surgery in peri‐operative discomfort and medical costs.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 134:3732–3740, 2024
“Lombard Effect” and Voice Changes in Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Marchese Maria Raffaella , Longobardi Ylenia , Libero Rosa , Yesilli‐Puzella Gamze , D'Alatri Lucia , Galli Jacopo 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThe aim was to describe the acoustic, auditory‐perceptive, and subjective voice changes under the Lombard effect (LE) in adductor laryngeal dystonia (AdLD) patients.MethodsSubjective perception of vocal effort (OMNI Vocal Effort Scale OMNI‐VES), Maximum Phonation Time (MPT), and the perceptual severity of dysphonia (GRBAS scale) were assessed in condition of stillness and under LE in 10 AdLD patients and in 10 patients with typical voice. Speakers were asked to produce the sustained vowel /a/ and to read a phonetically balanced text aloud. Using the PRAAT software, the following acoustic parameters were analyzed: Mean Pitch (Hz), Minimum and Maximum Intensity (dB), the Fraction of Locally Unvoiced Frames, the Number of Voice Breaks, the Degree of Voice Breaks (%), the Cepstral Peak Prominence‐Smoothed (CPPS) (dB).ResultsUnder LE, the AdLD group showed a decrease of both G and S parameters of GRBAS and subjective effort, mean MPT increased significantly; in the controls there were no significant changes. In both groups under LE, pitch and intensity of the sustained vowel /a/ significantly increased consistently with LE. In the AdLD group the mean gain of OMNI‐VES score and the mean gain of each parameter of the speech analysis were significantly greater than the controls' ones.ConclusionAuditory feedback deprivation obtained under LE improves subjective, perceptual‐auditory, and acoustics parameters of AdLD patients. These findings encourage further research to provide new knowledge into the role of the auditory system in the pathogenesis of AdLD and to develop new therapeutic strategies.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:3754–3760, 2024
Factors Impacting Provider Treatment Decision‐Making in Early Glottic Cancer
Authors: Shneyderman Matthew , Shen Sarek , Tanavde Ved , Kut Carmen , Kiess Ana P. , Naunheim Matthew R. , Akst Lee M. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTransoral laser microsurgery (TLMS) and radiotherapy (XRT) are mainstays of treatment for early glottic carcinoma (EGC). Here, we investigated case‐dependent provider treatment preferences and identify factors which impact decision‐making in EGC.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey of laryngologists, head‐and‐neck surgeons, and radiation oncologists presented five diagrammatic cases of progressively advanced EGC (T1/2, N0). Respondents indicated preference for TLMS or XRT and ranked factors which influenced their recommendation for each case. Analysis utilized descriptive statistics, Fischer's exact tests, and Kruskal–Wallis tests for nonparametric data.ResultsA total of 141 complete responses (69.5% laryngologists) were received. Most respondents practiced in academic settings (93.5%) and within multidisciplinary teams (94.0%). Anterior commissure involvement was the most important a priori tumor factor for case‐independent treatment recommendation (Likert Scale: 4.22/5), followed by Laterality (Likert Scale: 4.02/5). Across all specialties, TLMS was recommended for unilateral T1a lesions. Laryngologists continued recommending TLMS in T2 lesions (41.0%) more than head‐and‐neck surgeons (5.0%) and radiation oncologists (0.0%). Across all cases, survival and voice outcomes were the most important clinical factors impacting treatment decisions. Radiation oncologists weighed voice more heavily than laryngologists in more complex presentations of EGC (rank: 1.6 vs. 2.7, Kruskall–Wallis: p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn more complex clinical presentations of EGC, preference for TLMS compared to XRT differed across specialists, despite similar rankings of factors driving these treatment recommendations. This may be driven by differing experiences and viewpoints on case‐dependent voice outcomes following TLMS versus XRT, suggesting a need for increased understanding of how tumor location and depth impact voice outcomes.Level of Evidence5 Laryngoscope, 134:3686–3694, 2024
Which Provider Specialties are Performing Diagnostic Procedures for Dysphagia in the United States?
Authors: Miller Ashley L. , O'Rourke Ashli K. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveCare of patients with dysphagia occurs at the intersection of several different medical specialties. Otolaryngologists are uniquely equipped to diagnose dysphagia given their specialized training, yet the extent to which otolaryngologists perform diagnostic procedures for dysphagia is unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the specialty‐level variation among providers performing diagnostic assessments for dysphagia.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis of dysphagia care utilization among Medicare beneficiaries from 2013 to 2021 using the CMS Physician & Other Practitioners by Provider and Service dataset. American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) data reports were used to determine the total number of providers per specialty. For each procedure and specialty, the percentage of providers performing >10 procedures annually and the average annual number of procedures per performing provider (non‐radiology) were calculated.ResultsWe analyzed nine common dysphagia diagnostic procedures, including manometry, 24‐h pH testing, flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), and modified barium swallow study (MBSS). Mean 3.7 (SD 1.4) otolaryngologists (0.04% of practicing) performed manometry testing annually, compared to 493 (69.3) gastroenterologists (3.3%). Less than 1% of practicing otolaryngologists (37.8 (8.0) (0.04%)) and gastroenterologists (51.6 (8.4), 0.35%) performed 24‐h pH testing annually. FEES testing was most commonly performed by otolaryngologists; however, only 48 (6.3) providers (0.51% of practicing) performed these procedures annually. For MBSS, fewer otolaryngologists (5.2 (1.0), 0.05%) perform these assessments than other medical specialties. Each otolaryngologist performed 110.7 (52.5) studies annually, compared to 200.1 (68.0) per gastroenterologist.ConclusionOtolaryngologists represent a small fraction of providers performing dysphagia‐related diagnostic procedures despite a unique training within our specialty to comprehensively diagnose and manage this condition.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:3698–3705, 2024
Short wave attenuation by a kelp forest canopy
Authors: Lindhart M. , Daly M. A. , Walker H. , Arzeno‐Soltero I. B. , Yin J. Z. , Bell T. W. , Monismith S. G. , Pawlak G. , Leichter J. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGiant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forests are common along the California coast. Attached on the rocky bottom at depths of approximately 5–25 m, the kelp, when mature, spans the water column and develops dense, buoyant canopies that interact with waves and currents. We present two novel results based on observations of surface gravity waves in a kelp forest in Point Loma, California. First, we report short wave (1–3 s) attenuation in kelp, quantified by an exponential decay coefficient —comparable to the dampening effect of sea ice. Second, we identify seasonal and tidal changes in attenuation, peaking mid‐summer with maximum kelp cover, and during low tide when a greater proportion of the fronds are at the surface. Thus, the naturally occurring surface canopies of kelp forests can act as temporally varying, high‐frequency filters of wave energy.
Single‐shot diffusion trace spectroscopic imaging using radial echo planar trajectories
Authors: Saucedo Andres , Thomas M. Albert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeDemonstrate the feasibility and evaluate the performance of single‐shot diffusion trace‐weighted radial echo planar spectroscopic imaging (Trace DW‐REPSI) for quantifying the trace ADC in phantom and in vivo using a 3T clinical scanner.Theory and MethodsTrace DW‐REPSI datasets were acquired in 10 phantom and 10 healthy volunteers, with a maximum b‐value of 1601 s/mm2 and diffusion time of 10.75 ms. The self‐navigation properties of radial acquisitions were used for corrections of shot‐to‐shot phase and frequency shift fluctuations of the raw data. In vivo trace ADCs of total NAA (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), and total choline (tCho) extrapolated to pure gray and white matter fractions were compared, as well as trace ADCs estimated in voxels within white or gray matter‐dominant regions.ResultsTrace ADCs in phantom show excellent agreement with reported values, and in vivo ADCs agree well with the expected differences between gray and white matter. For tNAA, tCr, and tCho, the trace ADCs extrapolated to pure gray and white matter ranged from 0.18–0.27 and 0.26–0.38 μm2/ms, respectively. In sets of gray and white matter‐dominant voxels, the values ranged from 0.21 to 0.27 and 0.24 to 0.31 μm2/ms, respectively. The overestimated trace ADCs from this sequence can be attributed to the short diffusion time.ConclusionThis study presents the first demonstration of the single‐shot diffusion trace‐weighted spectroscopic imaging sequence using radial echo planar trajectories. The Trace DW‐REPSI sequence could provide an estimate of the trace ADC in a much shorter scan time compared to conventional approaches that require three separate measurements.
Musculoskeletal mimics of lumbosacral radiculopathy
Authors: Bateman Emma A. , Fortin Christian D. , Guo Meiqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrodiagnostic evaluations are commonly requested for patients with suspected radiculopathy. Understanding lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions is essential for electrodiagnostic medicine specialists, as musculoskeletal disorders often mimic or coexist with radiculopathy. This review delineates radicular pain from other types originating from the lumbosacral spine and describes musculoskeletal conditions frequently mimicking radiculopathy, such as those that cause radiating pain and sensorimotor dysfunction. In clinical evaluation, a history of pain radiating along a specific dermatomal territory with associated sensory disturbance suggests radiculopathy. Physical examination findings consistent with radiculopathy include myotomal weakness, depressed or absent muscle stretch reflexes, focal atrophy along a discrete nerve root territory, and potentially positive dural tension maneuvers like the straight leg raise. However, electrodiagnostic medicine specialists must be knowledgeable of musculoskeletal mimics, which may manifest as incomplete radiation within or beyond a dermatomal territory, non‐radiating pain, tenderness, and give‐way weakness, in the context of a normal neurological examination. A systematic approach to musculoskeletal examination is vital, and this review focuses on high‐yield physical examination maneuvers and diagnostic investigations to differentiate between musculoskeletal conditions and radiculopathy. This approach ensures accurate diagnoses, promotes resource stewardship, enhances patient satisfaction, and optimizes care delivery. Musculoskeletal conditions resembling L1 to S4 radiculopathy are reviewed, emphasizing their distinctive features in history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigation. Among the more than 30 musculoskeletal disorders reviewed are hip and knee osteoarthritis, lumbar facet syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, greater trochanteric pain syndrome, and plantar fasciitis.
Anderson acceleration with approximate calculations: Applications to scientific computing
Authors: Lupo Pasini Massimiliano , Laiu M. Paul 
Published: May 2024

SummaryWe provide rigorous theoretical bounds for Anderson acceleration (AA) that allow for approximate calculations when applied to solve linear problems. We show that, when the approximate calculations satisfy the provided error bounds, the convergence of AA is maintained while the computational time could be reduced. We also provide computable heuristic quantities, guided by the theoretical error bounds, which can be used to automate the tuning of accuracy while performing approximate calculations. For linear problems, the use of heuristics to monitor the error introduced by approximate calculations, combined with the check on monotonicity of the residual, ensures the convergence of the numerical scheme within a prescribed residual tolerance. Motivated by the theoretical studies, we propose a reduced variant of AA, which consists in projecting the least‐squares used to compute the Anderson mixing onto a subspace of reduced dimension. The dimensionality of this subspace adapts dynamically at each iteration as prescribed by the computable heuristic quantities. We numerically show and assess the performance of AA with approximate calculations on: (i) linear deterministic fixed‐point iterations arising from the Richardson's scheme to solve linear systems with open‐source benchmark matrices with various preconditioners and (ii) non‐linear deterministic fixed‐point iterations arising from non‐linear time‐dependent Boltzmann equations.
Does fortune follow function? Exploring how consumer preferences drive the functional trait composition of the global songbird trade
Authors: Almeida Ryan J. , Mazza Alexandra N. , Lockwood Julie L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Defaunation and extinction undermine the resilience and functioning of ecological communities and ecosystems. Relative to other disturbances, overexploitation for the global wildlife trade presents a unique case of trait‐based selection, as demand for specific individuals is often tied to unique morphological or aesthetic traits desired by consumers (‘market traits’). Because evolutionary history leads to species that share both market and functional traits, we posit that non‐random patterns of exploitation will result in non‐random loss of functional diversity.

We applied a trait‐based framework to the global songbird trade for 4616 species, 148 of which are plausibly threatened by the trade. We quantified select market traits, such as unique coloration and song quality, and ecological traits related to body size, diet, and foraging strategy to assess whether the trade disproportionately threatens particular functional groups. We additionally looked for patterns of association between market traits and functional traits to assess whether selection on certain market traits could drive selection on associated functional traits.

We found that overexploited birds are a distinct functional subset of the global songbird pool, with the trade disproportionately threatening large bodied, frugivorous, and seed eating birds. Across all songbirds, there were multiple non‐random associations between market traits and functional traits, with the strongest associations observed among trade‐threatened birds; this was consistent with our theory that consumer‐driven selection on market traits could theoretically result in selection on functional traits. However, there was mixed evidence for this hypothesis at a global scale, suggesting that disproportionate threat to functional diversity may be more likely in regions where there is heavy demand for associated market traits.

Policy implications. Our results highlight the need for increased focus on the mechanistic drivers of trait‐based selection on the consumer side of wildlife trade, and how patterns of overexploitation can systematically affect ecological communities and ecosystem services.

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An effective and comprehensive optimization strategy for preparing Ginkgo biloba leaf extract enriched in shikimic acid by macroporous resin column chromatography
Authors: Zhang Sijie , Gong Xingchu , Qu Haibin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionPreviously reported preparation methods of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGBL) have mainly focused on the enrichment of flavonoid glycosides (FG) and terpene trilactones (TT), which led to the underutilization of G. biloba leaves (GBL).ObjectivesTo make full use of GBL, in this study, a comprehensive optimization strategy for preparing EGBL by macroporous resin column chromatography was proposed and applied to enrich FG, TT, and shikimic acid (SA) from GBL.MethodologyInitially, the static adsorption and desorption were executed to select suitable resin. Then, the influences of solution pH were investigated by the static and dynamic adsorption. Subsequently, eight process parameters were systematically investigated via a definitive screening design (DSD). After verification experiments, scale‐up enrichment was carried out, investigating the feasibility of the developed strategy for application on an industrial scale.ResultsIt was found that XDA1 was the most appropriate adsorbent for the preparation of EGBL at solution pH 2.0. Furthermore, based on the constraints of the desired quality attributes, the optimized ranges of operating parameters were successfully acquired, and the verification experiments demonstrated the accuracy and reliability of using DSD to investigate the chromatography process for the preparation of EGBL. Finally, magnified experiments were successfully performed, obtaining the EGBL containing 26.54% FG, 8.96% TT, and 10.70% SA, which reached the SA level of EGB761, an international standard EGBL.ConclusionThe present study not only provided an efficient and convenient approach for the preparation of EGBL enriched in SA but also accelerated efforts to high‐value utilization of GBL.
Describing diversity of real world data sources in pharmacoepidemiologic studies: The DIVERSE scoping review
Authors: Gini Rosa , Pajouheshnia Romin , Gardarsdottir Helga , Bennett Dimitri , Li Lin , Gulea Claudia , Wientzek‐Fleischmann Angelika , Bazelier Marloes T. , Burcu Mehmet , Dodd Caitlin , Durán Carlos E. , Kaplan Sigal , Lanes Stephan , Marinier Karine , Roberto Giuseppe , Soman Kanaka , Zhou Xiaofeng , Platt Robert , Setoguchi Soko , Hall Gillian C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeReal‐world evidence (RWE) is increasingly used for medical regulatory decisions, yet concerns persist regarding its reproducibility and hence validity. This study addresses reproducibility challenges associated with diversity across real‐world data sources (RWDS) repurposed for secondary use in pharmacoepidemiologic studies. Our aims were to identify, describe and characterize practices, recommendations and tools for collecting and reporting diversity across RWDSs, and explore how leveraging diversity could improve the quality of evidence.MethodsIn a preliminary phase, keywords for a literature search and selection tool were designed using a set of documents considered to be key by the coauthors. Next, a systematic search was conducted up to December 2021. The resulting documents were screened based on titles and abstracts, then based on full texts using the selection tool. Selected documents were reviewed to extract information on topics related to collecting and reporting RWDS diversity. A content analysis of the topics identified explicit and latent themes.ResultsAcross the 91 selected documents, 12 topics were identified: 9 dimensions used to describe RWDS (organization accessing the data source, data originator, prompt, inclusion of population, content, data dictionary, time span, healthcare system and culture, and data quality), tools to summarize such dimensions, challenges, and opportunities arising from diversity. Thirty‐six themes were identified within the dimensions. Opportunities arising from data diversity included multiple imputation and standardization.ConclusionsThe dimensions identified across a large number of publications lay the foundation for formal guidance on reporting diversity of data sources to facilitate interpretation and enhance replicability and validity of RWE.
Predicting the glass transition temperature and solubility parameter between rubber/silica and rubber/resins via all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Chen Qionghai , Zhang Ziyi , Huang Wanhui , Qu JiaJun , Zhang Qi , Wu Xiaohui , Zhang Liqun , Liu Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResin is a widely used additive in rubber composites, which not only improves the processing properties of the composites but also enhances their mechanical properties, rolling resistance and wear resistance. However, there are specific differences in compatibility among resin, rubber and silica, which directly affect the performance of the composite materials. In this work, we first computed the glass transition temperature () of five resins in styrene−butadiene rubber (SBR) composites to prove the reliability of the computational method. Then, we explored the effects of different components and resin types on of SBR and found that the addition of silica can increase due to weak attractive interactions between silica and rubber molecular chains, which restrict the movement of the molecular chains. Furthermore, using solubility parameters, we analyzed the compatibility of rubber and five different resins and found that all five resins had good compatibility with rubber, especially C5/C9 copolymerized petroleum resin and hydrogenated resin. Finally, we revealed that there is a mutually attractive force between resin and silica. In summary, understanding the interactions among resins, silica and rubber is crucial for optimizing the performance of composite materials. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.