bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization and Characterization of Endothelin Receptors in Human Gliomas: A Growth Factor?
Authors: Kurihara Masaki , Ochi Akira , Kawaguchi Tsutomu , Niwa Masami , Kataoka Yasufumi , Mori Kazuo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Localization and characterization of endothelin receptors in surgical specimens of human gliomas (6 benign astrocytomas and 7 glioblastomas multiforme) and in normal human cortices were studied using quantitative receptor autoradiographic methods. Low numbers of [125 I]endothelin-1 ([125I] ET-1) binding sites were detected in the gray matter of the human frontal cortex, with little binding in the white matter. Conversely, relatively high numbers of [125I]ET-1 binding sites were homogeneously present in tissue sections derived from astrocytomas, whereas higher numbers of [125I]ET-1 binding sites were heterogeneously located on groups of cells with a pseudopalisading appearance and pleomorphic astrocytes in glioblastoma multiforme. Necrotic areas within the tissue sections derived from glioblastoma were devoid of binding. Binding of [125I]ET-1 to gliomas and normal gray matter was specific. Unlabeled ET-1 and its natural analogs (ET-2 and ET-3) inhibited the binding of [125I]ET-1 to these lesions in a concentration-dependent manner and with similar high potencies. Possibly related substances, such as ion channel regulators (w-conotoxin. apamin. and tetrodotoxin). a Ca2+channel blocker (nicardipine). and growth factors (epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I). did not affect the binding to tissue sections derived from gliomas or from normal frontal cortices. Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of a single class and high-affinity binding sites for endothelin in normal cortex and in gliomas. There was no significant difference in the binding affinities: dissociation constants (Kd) were 2.1 ± 0.5 nM in 6 astrocytomas, 2.5 ± 0.4 nM in 7 glioblastomas. and 1.4 and 1.5 nM in two normal cortices. The concentrations of [125I]ET-1 binding sites were significantly higher in glioblastomas than in astrocytomas: the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) was 30 ± 6 fmol/mg in 6 astrocytomas and 60 ± 11 fmol/mg in 7 glioblastomas (P &lt; 0.05. F= 5.61), and 14 and 16 fmol/mg in two normal cortices. These observations suggest the presence of a specific receptor for endothelin in human gliomas. Endothelin may be involved in the modulation of growth in gliomas.
Entrapment of the C2 Root and Ganglion by the Atlanto-Epistrophic Ligament: Clinical Syndrome and Surgical Anatomy
Authors: Poletti Charles E. , Sweet William H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Two cases of progressive, occipital lancinating pain and dysesthesias associated with a sensory deficit of the C2 dermatome are presented. Symptoms were relieved, and C2 sensory function restored by releasing a hypertrophied atlanto-epistrophic ligament entrapping the C2 root and ganglion. The normal anatomy and abnormal surgical findings are described. C2 entrapment by the atlanto-epistrophic ligament is discussed in reference to other C2 lesions causing occipital pain. We conclude that some patients whose progressive occipital pain is accompanied by a C2 sensory deficit are suffering from entrapment of the C2 root and ganglion amenable to surgical decompression.
Clinical Study of Intracranial Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumors Producing Α-Fetoprotein
Authors: Itoyama Youichi , Kochi Masato , Yamamoto Haruaki , Kuratsu Jun-ichi , Uemura Shozaburou , Ushio Yukitaka 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We present six patients with intracranial nongerminomatous germ cell tumors that produced Α-fetoprotein (AFP). Their ages ranged from 8 to 20 years (average, 11.5 years old); two were male and four were female. Four of the tumors originated in the pineal region and two in the suprachiasmatic region. One patient treated with only radiation therapy died within 3 months of admission as a result of intraperitoneal metastasis via a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Another patient, treated with radiation therapy and intrathecal administration of neocarzinostatin, died after 12 months because of tumor progression and subarachnoid dissemination. Two patients who received radiation and combination therapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin died after 13 and 25 months. The remaining two patients treated with radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin and etoposide) are now alive without recurrence after 16 and 19 months from admission. Adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide appears to be efficacious in the treatment of intracranial nongerminomatous germ cell tumor.
Occult Vascular Malformations of the Optic Chiasm: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis and Surgical Laser Resection
Authors: Steinberg Gary K. , Marks Michael P. , Shuer Lawrence M. , Sogg Richard L. , Enzmann Dieter R. , Silverberg Gerald D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Angiographically occult vascular malformations of the optic nerve and chiasm are extremely rare. Before the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it was difficult to diagnose these lesions preoperatively. We report MRI scan findings of optic chiasm cavernous angiomas in two patients with chiasmal syndrome. MRI was useful in localizing the vascular malformation and delineating its characteristics, especially chronic hemorrhage. One patient underwent biopsy of the lesion. The other patient underwent complete microsurgical resection of the malformation with the carbon dioxide laser with preservation of vision. Occult vascular malformations of the optic nerve and chiasm may be a more common cause of visual deterioration than previously recognized. The MRI scan is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing and following these lesions. In certain patients, these vascular malformations may be amenable to complete surgical removal with stabilization or improvement of visual function.
Brain Stem and Spinal Metastases of Supratentorial Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Clinical Series
Authors: Vertosick Frank T. , Selker Robert G. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Although the spread of supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme to the brain stem and spine has been extensively described in published autopsy series, information on the diagnosis, treatment, and subsequent clinical course of patients manifesting symptoms of glioblastomatous dissemination ante mortem remains scant. We report a series of 11 patients having the signs and symptoms of neuraxis dissemination of supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme. All patients had radiographic documentation of metastases by either contrast-enhanced myelograms or enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans. Ten presented with spinal involvement, whereas one presented with lower cranial neuropathies secondary to diffuse involvement of the basal cisterns. The mean age of the patients was 38.5 years, and the mean time interval between diagnosis of intracranial disease and diagnosis of metastases was 14.1 months. After diagnosis of tumor spread, subsequent mean survival time was 2.8 months. All patients received additional radiotherapy to the areas of metastasis, but the clinical response to radiotherapy was quite poor. This study confirms previous reports in the literature suggesting that metastases occur in younger patients and in patients with extended survival. The findings suggest that the relatively infrequent clinical incidence of the symptomatic spread of glioblastoma multiforme, as compared with the frequent incidental discovery of such spread at autopsy, may be the result of the limited survival of the affected patients, and not due to the biology of the tumor.
Changes in Intracochlear and Intracanalicular Nerves after Acoustic Neurinoma Excision Confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Sekiya Tetsuji , Suzuki Shigeharu , Iwabuchi Takashi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings related to the vestibulocochlear and facial nerves within the internal auditory canal were analyzed in acoustic neurinomas. T1-and proton-weighted magnetic resonance images showed that the vestibulocochlear nerves distal to the internal auditory meatus increased in signal intensity after surgical intervention. These nerves were conspicuously enhanced after intravenous administration of gadolinium diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid. The preserved facial nerves were also markedly enhanced postoperatively. As a possible cause of these findings, we suggest operative disruption of the blood-nerve barrier with ensuing nerve edema, although the operative procedures were carefully carried out using a surgical microscope. The clinical significance of traumatic disruption of the blood-nerve barrier and subsequent nerve edema are discussed from the standpoint of preservation of cochlear nerve function.
Radiation Necrosis of the Optic Chiasm, Optic Tract, Hypothalamus, and Upper Pons after Radiotherapy for Pituitary Adenoma, Detected by Gadolinium-Enhanced, T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Case Report
Authors: Tachibana Osamu , Yamaguchi Narihito , Yamashima Tetsumori , Yamashita Junkoh 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A 26-year-old woman was treated for a prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma by surgery and radiotherapy (5860 rads). Fourteen months later, she developed right hemiparesis and dysarthria. A T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan using gadolinium contrast showed a small, enhanced lesion in the upper pons. Seven months later, she had a sudden onset of loss of vision, and radiation optic neuropathy was diagnosed. A T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan showed widespread gadolinium-enhanced lesions in the optic chiasm, optic tract, and hypothalamus. Magnetic resonance imaging is indispensable for the early diagnosis of radiation necrosis, which is not visualized by radiography or computed tomography.
Hemorrhagic Pituitary Adenomas: Clinicopathological Features and Surgical Treatment
Authors: Fraioli Bernardo , Esposito Vincenzo , Palma Lucio , Cantore Giampaolo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Forty-five (9.9%) of 453 pituitary adenomas operated on between January 1973 and November 1988 demonstrated hemorrhagic changes at surgery: 24 had a blood collection, 12 had a blood collection associated with hemorrhagic necrosis, and 9 had hemorrhagic necrosis. Thirteen patients (28.9%) experienced the acute symptoms of pituitary apoplexy, whereas another 32 had an “asymptomatic” hemorrhage, that is. the clinical course was comparable to an uncomplicated adenoma. Nineteen tumors (42.2%) showed marked suprasellar extension, 8 (17.8%) showed moderate extension, and 11 (24.5%) showed slight extension; another 2 (4.4%) were laterosellar and 5 (11.1%) were intrasellar. Invasive behavior was present in 32 cases (71.1%) and this may suggest another hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis of tumoral hemorrhage. The incidence of hemorrhagic complications in invasive adenomas with marked suprasellar extension was particularly impressive; therefore, we do not suggest preoperative bromocriptine treatment in this type of tumor. Two of 14 patients operated on by the transcranial route died after surgery. whereas there was no operative mortality in the 31 patients operated on by the transsphenoidal route. It proved advantageous to operate as early as possible, even during the acute phase of pituitary apoplexy. The transsphenoidal approach gave the best results, but to achieve satisfactory late results multidisciplinary treatment was necessary, namely, postoperative radiotherapy in 23 patients, bromocriptine in 12. and endocrine replacement therapy in almost all. In an average follow-up period of 6.2 years. 5 (11.1%) symptomatic recurrences were observed.
Antimigraine Treatment for Slit Ventricle Syndrome
Authors: Obana William G. , Raskin Neil H. , Cogen Philip H. , Szymanski Joyce A. , Edwards Michael S.B. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Slit ventricle syndrome is characterized by chronic or recurring headaches associated with subnormal ventricular volume in patients who have undergone shunt treatment for hydrocephalus. There appear to be at least three pathophysiological mechanisms that cause this syndrome: 1) intermittent shunt malfunction: 2) intracranial hypotension: and 3) paroxysms of increased intracranial pressure in the presence of normal shunt function. To treat seven patients with slit ventricle syndrome caused by paroxysms of elevated intracranial pressure, we successfully used antimigraine therapy rather than standard calvarial expansion procedures. None of these patients has required shunt revision or calvarial expansion during a mean follow-up period of 2 years. The symptoms of slit ventricle syndrome may be a form of “acquired” migraine in shunt patients. We suggest that, in clinically stable patients with normal shunt function, treatment against migraine may stabilize symptoms resulting from paroxysms of increased intracranial pressure. Such treatment may prevent unnecessary shunt revisions and/or calvarial expansion procedures.
Persistent Primitive Trigeminal Artery-Cavernous Sinus Fistulas: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Guglielmi Guido , Viñuela Fernando , Dion Jacques , Duckwiler Gary , Cantore Giampaolo , Delfini Roberto 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Two cases of persistent Primitive trigeminal artery-cavernous sinus fistulas are presented. In one case, the fistula was treated by using a two-balloon tandem technique. This method was accomplished by introducing, inflating, and detaching a silicone balloon into the trigeminal artery, thus preserving the carotid and basilar blood flow. An unusual case of a similar fistula with only contralateral exophthalmos is also reported. The relationship between this type of fistula and the presence of aneurysms on the persistent primitive trigeminal artery and the relationship with traumatic events are discussed.
A Detachable Balloon Procedure for a Traumatic Internal Carotid-Internal Jugular Fistula: Report of a Case
Authors: Niijima Kyo Huang , Yonekawa Yasuhiro , Taki Waro 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A case of a traumatic fistula between the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein is reported. The fistula was treated by detachable balloon occlusion and clipping of the internal carotid artery.
Syringomyelia Secondary to Compression of the Cervical Spinal Cord by an Extramedullary Lymphoma
Authors: Hormigo Adilia , Lobo-Antunes J. , Bravo-Marques J. M. , Marques Silvério M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A case of syringomyelia secondary to an extramedullary cervical spinal cord compression by a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is described. After radiotherapy. the syrinx was no longer seen. The pathogenesis of this type of syrinx is discussed, and the potential benefit of radiotherapy in these cases is suggested.
Biomechanics of Lumbar Pedicle Screw/Plate Fixation in Trauma
Authors: Yoganandan Narayan , Larson Sanford J. , Pintar Frank , Maiman Dennis J. , Reinartz John , Sances Anthony 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This investigation was conducted to determine alterations in the biomechanical strength and stiffness characteristics of the lumbar spine fixated with Steffee instrumentation. Comparative studies of these parameters were conducted using seven lumbar columns from fresh human cadavers. Three runs were conducted on each T12-L5 column: control, injured, and fixated. The specimens were loaded under the compression-flexion mode until failure (control run) and then reloaded (injury run) to the failure deformation determined in the control run. Screw/plates were then inserted one level proximal and distal to injury, and the specimens were reloaded (fixation run). Radiographs were taken before and after each trial. Data on deformation and force histories were gathered. The load-deflection response of the injured and fixated specimens were bimodal with two representative stiffnesses. Control failure loads and stiffnesses were higher than those for the injured (P &lt; 0.001) or fixated (P &lt; 0.01) spine. Initial stiffness was significantly higher for the fixated than for injured columns (P &lt; 0.001), but the final stiffnesses were similar. The increase in the initial stiffness in the fixated specimen compared to the injured specimen indicates the strength added to the posterior region of the spine. The relatively smaller alteration in the final stiffness between the fixated and the injured columns, corresponding to the load shared by the anterior column, may suggest that, above a critical strain level, the anterior column absorbs a higher portion of the external load and posterior fixation may be inadequate as sole treatment in trauma.
Myeloma Manifesting as a Large Jugular Tumor: Case Report
Authors: Miyachi Shigeru , Negoro Makoto , Saito Kiyoshi , Nehashi Kyoko , Sugita Kenichiro 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The authors report a case of cranial plasmacytoma with multiple myelomas and palsy of the lower cranial nerves. The osteolytic lesion adjacent to the jugular foramen was demonstrated by an angiogram to be exceedingly hypervascular, with arteriovenous shunting resembling that seen in paragangliomas. Forty-five cases of cranial and intracranial plasmacytoma from the literature were reviewed. The findings indicate that a cranial plasmacytoma commonly appears to be a hypervascular tumor, whereas most dural tumors or intraparenchymal tumors have poor vascularity.
Giant Intradiploic Epidermoid Tumor of the Occipital Bone: Case Report
Authors: Guridi Jorge , Ollier Jorge , Aguilera Francisco 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The authors describe a case of a giant intradiploic epidermoid cyst of the occipital bone with an intracranial extension in the posterior fossa and no signs of neurological involvement. The lesion started as a painless lump under the scalp. Roentgenographic and computed tomographic findings led to a correct diagnosis, and the complete removal of the cyst was accomplished, despite its large size. The total removal of these cysts is associated with a good prognosis.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Preoperative Evaluation of Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Wilson Donald W. , Pezzuti Roger T. , Place James N. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Forty patients with cervical radiculopathy were examined preoperatively with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI was used alone in 27 (68%) of the 40 patients; the remainder also had computed tomography in conjunction with myelography. The primary criterion on MRI for a clinically significant lesion was asymmetrical narrowing of the subarachnoid space in the region of the nerve root. Surgical confirmation of the abnormality was obtained in all 40 cases. The operative findings were a herniated nucleus pulposus (32 of 40 patients), spondylosis (2 of 40 patients), or a combination of the two (6 of 40 patients). MRI identified a surgical lesion (herniated nucleus pulposus, spondylosis, or both) in 37 of the 40 (92%) patients. We think MRI is the only preoperative imaging examination necessary in most cases of cervical radiculopathy.
Spinal Glioblastomas: Report of Seven Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ciappetta Pasquale , Salvati Maurizio , Capoccia Giovanna , Artico Marco , Raco Antonino , Fortuna Aldo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Intramedullary glioblastomas are uncommon tumors. They occur chiefly in the cervicothoracic segments, have a slight tendency to occur in the early decades of life, and have a short clinical history before diagnosis. We report seven cases and discuss the salient features of these tumors, particularly the pathological features and treatment, in light of the relevant literature.
Current Treatment of Chiari Malformations Types I and II: A Survey of the Pediatric Section of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons
Authors: Haines Stephen J. , Berger Mitchel 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The membership of the Pediatric Section of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons was surveyed with regard to attitudes in current practice in the treatment of Chiari malformations Types I and II. Ninety-six of 152 (63%) valid questionnaires were returned. The median number of malformations treated yearly by the respondents was 3 for Type I and 6 for Type II. There was substantial agreement that surgery should not be carried out on asymptomatic patients and that surgery was indicated for the treatment of brain stem dysfunction, cranial nerve dysfunction, hydromyelia, and scoliosis associated with these malformations. There was substantial disagreement about lesser indications for surgery. The respondents also expressed dissatisfaction with the current classification of Chiari malformations. Chiari malformations are complex abnormalities, and their anatomy is being better delineated with magnetic resonance imaging. Carefully designed scientific clinical investigations are needed to improve our understanding and treatment of Chiari malformations.
Surgical Treatment of a Rare Congenital Anomaly of the Vertebral Artery: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vincentelli François , Caruso Giuseppe , Rabehanta Pierre B. , Rey Marc 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A case of an abnormal loop of the vertebral artery compressing both the cervicomedullary junction and the accessory nerve is reported. The embryological development of the vertebrobasilar system may explain this anatomical anomaly. The possibility of an abnormal location of the vertebral artery may complicate the lateral C1-C2 puncture for myelography. Only five similar cases have been reported previously, but none of them presented any clinical symptomatology, and surgical treatment was never required. The present patient was cured by microvascular decompression. The pathogenetic and surgical implications are discussed in light of the literature.
Barbed Spear Injury to the Skull Base: Case Report
Authors: Mezue Wilfred Chukwuemeka , Saddeqi Norrudeen , Ude Anthony 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A case of a barbed spear injury to the left orbit and skull base is presented. The unusual nature and circumstances of the injury and the management problems related to the proximate neurovascular bundles are discussed.
Syringomyelia as a Postoperative Sequela of the Resection of a Chordoma of the Clivus: Case Report
Authors: Lovely Thomas J. , Buchheit William A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Syringomyelia has been described frequently in association with various abnormalities of the skull base but rarely with tumors of the skull base. Syringomyelia as a postoperative sequela of surgery of the skull base has not been reported. The authors describe a case of cervical syringomyelia developing after the partial resection of a chordoma and combined conventional and proton beam irradiation. The possible mechanisms causing this abnormality are discussed.
Tuberothalamic Infarct after Division of a Hypoplastic Posterior Communicating Artery for Clipping of a Basilar Tip Aneurysm: Case Report
Authors: Regli Luca , de Tribolet Nicolas 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The authors present a case of a tuberothalamic infarct subsequent to division of the posterior communicating artery for clipping of a high-lying aneurysm of the basilar bifurcation using the pterional approach. In view of this clinical observation and some particular aspects of the microsurgical anatomy of the perforating vessels of the posterior communicating artery, we conclude that interrupting this parent vessel carries a significant risk of infarction.