bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of neighboring carbonyl group participation in the elimination kinetics of chloroketones in the gas phase
Authors: Mora José R. , Lezama Jesús , Márquez Edgar , Escalante Luz , Córdova Tania , Chuchani Gabriel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe gas‐phase elimination of kinetics 4‐chlorobutan‐2‐one, 5‐chloropentan‐2‐one, and 4‐chloro‐1‐phenylbutan‐1‐one has been studied using electronic structure methods: B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p), B3LYP/6‐31++G(d,p), MPW91PW91/6‐31G(d,p), MPW91PW91/6‐31++G(d,p), PBEPBE/6‐31G(d,p), PBEPBE /6‐31++G(d,p), and MP2/6‐31++G(d,p). The above‐mentioned substrates produce hydrogen chloride and the corresponding unsaturated ketone. Calculation results of 4‐chlorobutan‐2‐one suggest a non‐synchronous four‐membered cyclic transition state (TS) type of mechanism. However, in the case of 5‐chloropentan‐2‐one and 4‐chloro‐1‐phenylbutan‐1‐one, the carbonyl group assists anchimerically through a polar five‐membered cyclic TS mechanism. The polarization of the CCl bond, in the sense of Cδ+…Clδ−, is a rate‐determining step in these elimination reactions. The significant increase in rates in the elimination of 5‐chloropentan‐2‐one and 4‐chloro‐1‐phenylbutan‐1‐one is attributed to neighboring group participation due to the oxygen of the carbonyl group assisting the CCl bond polarization in the TS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of lasting life changes after cancer and BMT: perspectives of long‐term survivors and spouses
Authors: Bishop Michelle M. , Curbow Barbara A. , Springer Shauna H. , Lee Jocelyn A. , Wingard John R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: This qualitative follow up of long‐term (>5 years) cancer survivor and spouse participants from a large, previous study of quality of life after blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) was designed to gain a deeper understanding of lasting life changes they experienced.Methods: Thirty spouse–survivor pairs, an average of 13 years post‐BMT, were individually interviewed to identify lasting life changes. Participants were asked about their most significant long‐lasting change since cancer/BMT, most significant positive change and negative change, and whether the experience had affected them and their spouse differently.Results: Spouses and survivors spontaneously identified both positive and negative changes. Spouses reported a higher proportion of negative changes (24%) than did survivors (15%), and survivors a higher proportion of positive changes (85%) than spouses (76%). For both groups, the most frequent positive change was in ‘perspective/outlook on life’ and negative change was ‘lingering health effects,’ although survivors mentioned the latter twice as often as did spouses. Spouses were more likely to talk about changes in the first‐person plural (we, us) that were largely emotional or in relation to the survivor, whereas survivors spoke of changes in the first‐person singular (I, me) that occurred to them directly and were largely physical.Conclusions: Although both spouses and survivors described similar negative and positive long‐lasting changes that continued an average of 13 years post‐BMT, they reported differences in the ways they were impacted by the experience, which was reflected in the language they used. Implications for future studies, family education, and couples‐based interventions are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The contribution of self‐esteem and self‐concept in psychological distress in women at risk of hereditary breast cancer
Authors: den Heijer Mariska , Seynaeve Caroline , Vanheusden Kathleen , Duivenvoorden Hugo J. , Vos Joël , Bartels Carina C. M. , Menke‐Pluymers Marian B. E. , Tibben Aad 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: Clarification of the role of several aspects of self‐concept regarding psychological distress in women at risk of hereditary breast cancer will help to target counselling and psychosocial interventions more appropriately. In this study, we aimed (1) to examine the role of general self‐esteem and specific aspects of self‐concept (i.e. stigma, vulnerability, and mastery) in psychological distress in women at risk of hereditary breast cancer and (2) to compare the relative importance of these self‐concept aspects in psychological distress in women with low versus high self‐esteem.Methods: General and breast‐cancer‐specific distress, self‐esteem, self‐concept, and demographics were assessed in 246 women being at risk of hereditary breast cancer, who opted either for regular breast surveillance or prophylactic surgery.Results: In the total study group, self‐esteem was negatively associated with general distress. Furthermore, feeling stigmatized was strongly associated with more breast‐cancer‐specific distress, and to a lesser degree with general distress. In women with low‐self esteem, feelings of stigmatization were strongly associated with higher levels of both breast–cancer‐specific and general distress, while a sense of mastery was associated with less general distress. For women with high self‐esteem, feelings of both stigmatization and vulnerability were associated with more breast‐cancer‐specific distress, whereas there were no significant associations with general distress.Discussion: Psychosocial interventions or support groups for women at risk of hereditary breast cancer should focus on self‐esteem and feelings of stigmatization and isolation, and consequently tailor the interventions on specific items for respective women. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal regime of a thermokarst lake and its influence on permafrost, Beiluhe Basin, Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Lin Zhanju , Niu Fujun , Xu Zhiying , Xu Jian , Wang Ping 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA typical 2‐m deep thermokarst lake was studied in the Beiluhe Basin on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Lakeshore retrogression, water temperatures, and ground temperatures beneath and around the lake were monitored. About 80 per cent of the lakeshore edge collapsed each year with a maximum rate of about 1.8 m from August 2007 to October 2008. The warm season was the main period of shoreline collapse, especially from August to October. Ice forms in the lake towards the end of October and reaches its maximum thickness of about 0.7 m by the end of the cold season. The thaw depth at the lakeshore edge is about 0.7 m greater than in the adjacent terrain, while any pre‐existing permafrost below its centre has thawed entirely. Overall, the high degree of disturbance associated with the thermokarst lake is shown by mean annual ground temperatures beneath it that are more than 5°C higher than in the surrounding terrain at the same depth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful diagnosis and treatment of congenital tracheal web using a fiberoptic bronchoscope
Authors: Yin Yong , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCongenital tracheal web is a very rare abnormality that often manifests as wheezing, dyspnea, and respiratory failure. Misdiagnosis is common. Here we describe the case of a 47‐day‐old female infant who presented after severe, extended coughing. The diagnosis of congenital tracheal web was made following coronal computer tomography (CT) reconstruction and bronchoscopy. The bronchoscope was used to facilitate tracheal expansion. This is the youngest case reported to date to highlight the diagnosis and treatment of a 47 days infant with congenital tracheal web. An infant with tracheal web, a very rare congenital anomaly can be clearly diagnosed by coronal CT reconstruction combined with bronchoscopy. If diagnosed early, the bronchoscope may be used to facilitate tracheal expansion. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2010; 45:945–947. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrated biophysical studies implicate partial unfolding of NBD1 of CFTR in the molecular pathogenesis of F508del cystic fibrosis
Authors: Wang Chi , Protasevich Irina , Yang Zhengrong , Seehausen Derek , Skalak Timothy , Zhao Xun , Atwell Shane , Spencer Emtage J. , Wetmore Diana R. , Brouillette Christie G. , Hunt John F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe lethal genetic disease cystic fibrosis is caused predominantly by in‐frame deletion of phenylalanine 508 in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). F508 is located in the first nucleotide‐binding domain (NBD1) of CFTR, which functions as an ATP‐gated chloride channel on the cell surface. The F508del mutation blocks CFTR export to the surface due to aberrant retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. While it was assumed that F508del interferes with NBD1 folding, biophysical studies of purified NBD1 have given conflicting results concerning the mutation's influence on domain folding and stability. We have conducted isothermal (this paper) and thermal (accompanying paper) denaturation studies of human NBD1 using a variety of biophysical techniques, including simultaneous circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence, and static light‐scattering measurements. These studies show that, in the absence of ATP, NBD1 unfolds via two sequential conformational transitions. The first, which is strongly influenced by F508del, involves partial unfolding and leads to aggregation accompanied by an increase in tryptophan fluorescence. The second, which is not significantly influenced by F508del, involves full unfolding of NBD1. Mg‐ATP binding delays the first transition, thereby offsetting the effect of F508del on domain stability. Evidence suggests that the initial partial unfolding transition is partially responsible for the poor in vitro solubility of human NBD1. Second‐site mutations that increase the solubility of isolated F508del‐NBD1 in vitro and suppress the trafficking defect of intact F508del‐CFTR in vivo also stabilize the protein against this transition, supporting the hypothesize that it is responsible for the pathological trafficking of F508del‐CFTR.
Sample size determination in clinical trials with multiple co‐primary binary endpoints
Authors: Sozu Takashi , Sugimoto Tomoyuki , Hamasaki Toshimitsu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractClinical trials often employ two or more primary efficacy endpoints. One of the major problems in such trials is how to determine a sample size suitable for multiple co‐primary correlated endpoints. We provide fundamental formulae for the calculation of power and sample size in order to achieve statistical significance for all the multiple primary endpoints given as binary variables. On the basis of three association measures among primary endpoints, we discuss five methods of power and sample size calculation: the asymptotic normal method with and without continuity correction, the arcsine method with and without continuity correction, and Fisher's exact method. For all five methods, the achieved sample size decreases as the value of association measure increases when the effect sizes among endpoints are approximately equal. In particular, a high positive association has a greater effect on the decrease in the sample size. On the other hand, such a relationship is not very strong when the effect sizes are different. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Covariate adjusted weighted normal spatial scan statistics with applications to study geographic clustering of obesity and lung cancer mortality in the United States
Authors: Huang Lan , Tiwari Ram C. , Pickle Linda W. , Zou Zhaohui 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the field of cluster detection, a weighted normal model‐based scan statistic was recently developed to analyze regional continuous data and to evaluate the clustering pattern of pre‐defined cells (such as state, county, tract, school, hospital) that include many individuals. The continuous measures of interest are, for example, the survival rate, mortality rate, length of physical activity, or the obesity measure, namely, body mass index, at the cell level with an uncertainty measure for each cell. In this paper, we extend the method to search for clusters of the cells after adjusting for single/multiple categorical/continuous covariates. We apply the proposed method to 1999–2003 obesity data in the United States (US) collected by CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with adjustment for age and race, and to 1999–2003 lung cancer age‐adjusted mortality data by gender in the United States from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER Program) with adjustment for smoking and income. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic Analysis of Sox2-Associated Proteins During Early Stages of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Identifies Sox21 as a Novel Regulator of Stem Cell Fate
Authors: Mallanna Sunil K. , Ormsbee Briana D. , Iacovino Michelina , Gilmore Joshua M. , Cox Jesse L. , Kyba Michael , Washburn Michael P. , Rizzino Angie 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Small increases in the levels of master regulators, such as Sox2, in embryonic stem cells (ESC) have been shown to promote their differentiation. However, the mechanism by which Sox2 controls the fate of ESC is poorly understood. In this study, we employed multidimensional protein identification technology and identified &gt;60 nuclear proteins that associate with Sox2 early during ESC differentiation. Gene ontology analysis of Sox2-associated proteins indicates that they participate in a wide range of processes. Equally important, a significant number of the Sox2-associated proteins identified in this study have been shown previously to interact with Oct4, Nanog, Sall4, and Essrb. Moreover, we examined the impact of manipulating the expression of a Sox2-associated protein on the fate of ESC. Using ESC engineered for inducible expression of Sox21, we show that ectopic expression of Sox21 in ESC induces their differentiation into specific cell types, including those that express markers representative of neurectoderm and heart development. Collectively, these studies provide new insights into the range of molecular processes through which Sox2 is likely to influence the fate of ESC and provide further support for the conclusion that the expression of Sox proteins in ESC must be precisely regulated. Importantly, our studies also argue that Sox2, along with other pluripotency-associated transcription factors, is woven into highly interconnected regulatory networks that function at several levels to control the fate of ESC.
Channel status prediction for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Tumuluru Vamsi Krishna , Wang Ping , Niyato Dusit 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe cognitive radio (CR) technology appears as an attractive solution to effectively allocate the radio spectrum among the licensed and unlicensed users. With the CR technology the unlicensed users take the responsibility of dynamically sensing and accessing any unused channels (frequency bands) in the spectrum allocated to the licensed users. As spectrum sensing consumes considerable energy, predictive methods for inferring the availability of spectrum holes can reduce energy consumption of the unlicensed users to only sense those channels which are predicted to be idle. Prediction‐based channel sensing also helps to improve the spectrum utilization (SU) for the unlicensed users. In this paper, we demonstrate the advantages of channel status prediction to the spectrum sensing operation in terms of improving the SU and saving the sensing energy. We design the channel status predictor using two different adaptive schemes, i.e., a neural network based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) and the hidden Markov model (HMM). The advantage of the proposed channel status prediction schemes is that these schemes do not requirea prioriknowledge of the statistics of channel usage. Performance analysis of the two channel status prediction schemes is performed and the accuracy of the two prediction schemes is investigated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust tracking algorithm for wireless sensor networks based on improved particle filter
Authors: Wang Jie , Gao Qinghua , Wang Hongyu , Chen Hongyang , Jin Minglu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBenefitting from its ability to estimate the target state's posterior probability density function (PDF) in complex nonlinear and non‐Gaussian circumstance, particle filter (PF) is widely used to solve the target tracking problem in wireless sensor networks. However, the traditional PF algorithm based on sequential importance sampling with re‐sampling will degenerate if the latest observation appear in the tail of the prior PDF or if the observation likelihood is too peaked in comparison with the prior. In this paper, we propose an improved particle filter which makes full use of the latest observation in constructing the proposal distribution. Thequality prediction functionis proposed to measure the quality of the particles, and only the high quality particles are selected and used to generate the coarse proposal distribution. Then, acentroid shift vectoris calculated based on the coarse proposal distribution, which leads the particles move towards the optimal proposal distribution. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm under the challenging background conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isomerization of 9c11t/10t12c CLA in Triacylglycerols
Authors: Christy Alfred A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIsomers of conjugated linoleic acid from 7t9c through 12t14t can be induced by thermal treatment of triacylglycerol samples of 9c11t or 10t12c fatty acids in glass tubes. The formation of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) has been observed during thermal induction of the above‐mentioned triacylglycerols at 250, 280 and 320°C. The concentrations of isomers formed in the mixture varied depending on the temperature and duration of the heating experiments. The objective of this study was to find a suitable thermal induction temperature and time that can produce most of the isomers of CLAs from the above‐mentioned triacylglycerols. Such a mixture would give researchers a reference standard that can be used in the identification of CLAs in GC analyses of relevant samples. Fifteen‐microlitre portions of the triacylglycerol samples containing 9c11t/10t12c fatty acid were placed in micro‐glass ampoules, sealed under nitrogen and then subjected to thermal treatment. The glass ampoules were removed at regular time intervals, cut open, and part of the samples was analysed by infrared spectroscopy using attenuated internal reflectance technique. The remainder of the samples was subjected to derivatisation into their methyl esters. The methyl esters of the isomerised fatty acids were then analysed by gas chromatography after appropriate dilution in heptane. The results show that the thermally induced glyceride samples of 9c11t/10t12c fatty acids gave CLA profiles containing isomers ranging from 7t9c to 12t14t. However, the concentrations of the isomers are different depending on the duration of the thermal induction. It appears that [1,5] sigmatropic rearrangements and positional isomerisations take place in the heated mixtures. The rearrangements and positional isomerisations are accelerated by increasing temperature. The glyceride samples heated to 325°C form isomers within 30 min and provide a mixture of CLA isomers that can be used as reference sample containing the methyl esters of CLAs.
Étale groupoids as germ groupoids and their base extensions
Authors: Matsnev Dmitry , Resende Pedro 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe introduce the notion of wide representation of an inverse semigroup and prove that with a suitably defined topology there is a space of germs of such a representation that has the structure of an étale groupoid. This gives an elegant description of Paterson's universal groupoid and of the translation groupoid of Skandalis, Tu and Yu. In addition, we characterize the inverse semigroups that arise from groupoids, leading to a precise bijection between the class of étale groupoids and the class of complete and infinitely distributive inverse monoids equipped with suitable representations, and we explain the sense in which quantales and localic groupoids carry a generalization of this correspondence.
Bounds for modified Bessel functions of the first and second kinds
Authors: Baricz Árpád 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSome new inequalities for quotients of modified Bessel functions of the first and second kinds are deduced. Moreover, some developments on bounds for modified Bessel functions of the first and second kinds, higher-order monotonicity properties of these functions and applications to a special function that arises in finite elasticity, are summarized. The key tool in our proofs is a frequently used criterion for the monotonicity of the quotient of two Maclaurin series.
Optimization-based formation of autonomous mobile robots
Authors: Zhang Huan , Pathirana Pubudu N. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe formation of autonomous mobile robots to an arbitrary geometric pattern in a distributed fashion is a fundamental problem in formation control. This paper presents a new asynchronous, memoryless (oblivious) algorithm to the formation problem via distributed optimization techniques. The optimization minimizes an appropriately defined difference function between the current robot distribution and the target geometric pattern. The optimization processes are performed independently by individual robots in their local coordinate systems. A movement strategy derived from the results of the distributed optimizations guarantees that every movement makes the current robot configuration approaches the target geometric pattern until the final pattern is reached.
Human capability of discriminating relief-like 2D figures in tactile displaying
Authors: Ohka Masahiro , Yoshino Hiroki , Miyaoka Tetsu 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYTo enhance tactile display capability, we performed a series of experiments based on psychophysics in which we adopted a circle and eight kinds of ovals as stimuli of the convex line (hereafter tactile image). The circle's diameter is 10 mm, the minor axes of the eight ovals are decreased in 3% steps from the circles, and each major axis is adjusted so that the area of each oval equals the circle area. Human subjects judged which stimuli (presented on the left or the right tactile images) equal the circle. The experiment was conducted on both the finger pads and the thenar parts to compare their experimental sensitivity ratios with the sensitivity ratio estimated on the basis of mechanoreceptor density. The discrimination sensitivity for the thenar part is inferior to that for the finger pad in terms of the low density of the mechanoreceptor in the thenar part. The tactile image was mainly recognized by a slowly adaptive type I unit, but the first adaptive type II unit was not affected by specimen cooling due to discrimination precision. Subsequently, discrimination sensitivity was not different between the free and restricted haptic motions. Since this result implies that the tactile image is modified by a motor signal for the haptic motion to prevent blurring of the tactile image, perhaps the motion movement in the tactile display is changed based on the design convenience.