bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processus cumulatif d’inégalités : effet d’amplification et disposition à l’appropriation sociale
Authors: Aïach Pierre 
Published: September 2010

Les inégalités sociales de santé résultent de processus complexes qui se produisent aussi bien dans l’espace social que dans le champ biologique. Elles se traduisent principalement par des écarts dans l’état de santé des groupes sociaux occupant des positions hiérarchisées dans l’échelle des professions ou dans celle des revenus ou du savoir. Les déterminants de ces inégalités de santé sont à identifier et à déchiffrer dans les rapports qui existent entre les inégalités sociales en général et l’état de santé à travers des désavantages directement liés à l’appartenance sociale, mais le plus souvent indirectement liés dans la mesure où ils transitent par des médiations en rapport avec cette appartenance sociale. La plus grande part de l’explication des écarts de santé est à chercher dans l’accumulation des désavantages/ avantages sociaux et psychologiques qui vont participer tout au long de la vie à la production d’états de santé différentiels et qui vont s’exprimer dans l’apparition plus ou moins précoce des maladies, dans leur évolution plus ou moins grave et dans la survie différentielle une fois qu’elles se sont déclarées. Deux effets jouent un rôle essentiel dans ce processus cumulatif:
£ un effet d’amplification qui accroît les inégalités entre les groupes sociaux lorsqu’un facteur de risque ou un événement défavorable nouveau intervient;
£ un effet d’augmentation ou de maintien des inégalités sociales de santé, lié à la disposition différentielle socialement acquise à l’appropriation des ressources et connaissances existantes en matière de soins ou de conduites préventives nouvelles.
L’évolution de la composition du mouvement d’immigration au Québec au cours des dernières décennies
Authors: Pinsonneault Gérard 
Published: September 2010

In Quebec, the statistical indicator considered to provide the most accurate illustration of the immigration movement is one that takes account of the admissions of immigrants as permanent residents. Based on this indicator, the following changes within the movement during the last third of the century (1970-2003) were observed:
£ An overall increase in total volume;
£ The emergence of two new components: refugees and business people;
£ A change in the geographical origin of immigrants: from Western Europe and the United States to North Africa, Eastern Europe and Asia;
£ The trend towards the •deconcentration” of the movement on a small number of countries throughout the entire period, which was suddenly reversed in the first years of the 21st century;
£ The increased proportion of francophones and allophones in the total volume and the decrease of Anglophones (Francophones and Anglophones are understood here as having a knowledge of French or English as opposed to a mother tongue);
£ The emergence of Arabic as the mother tongue most frequently reported by newcomers.
Le Québec : toujours à l’avant-garde en matière d’équité en emploi ?
Authors: Déom Esther , Beaumont Marie-Pierre 
Published: September 2010

Le présent article montre, le plus fidèlement et le plus succinctement possible, la situation actuelle des femmes sur le marché du travail québécois. Depuis l’adoption d’une loi
proactive en matière d’équité salariale en 1996, le Québec est souvent cité comme
modèle en matière d’équité pour les femmes. À l’aide des principaux indicateurs du marché du travail, nous démontrons que, malgré les efforts consentis depuis plusieurs années pour intervenir dans ce domaine, la ségrégation professionnelle et la persistance d’écarts salariaux importants caractérisent encore aujourd’hui la situation des travailleuses québécoises. Nous mettons en avant deux facteurs pouvant expliquer cette situation: la pérennité des préjugés sexistes dans la société et dans les milieux de travail ainsi que l’existence de nouvelles formes de sexisme difficilement décelables. Les lois québécoises en matière d’équité en emploi semblent ainsi peu efficaces pour contrer les préjugés sexistes à la source de la discrimination dans les milieux de travail, surtout lorsque ces préjugés s’expriment sous une forme subtile, adaptée aux diktats de la rectitude politique.
Infant Behaviors, Prenatal Cocaine Exposure, and Adult Intelligence
Authors: Singer Lynn T. , Albert Jeffrey M. , Minnes Sonia , Min Meeyoung O. , Kim June-Yung 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceLinking prenatal drug exposures to both infant behavior and adult cognitive outcomes may improve early interventions.ObjectiveTo assess whether neonatal physical, neurobehavioral, and infant cognitive measures mediate the association between prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and adult perceptual reasoning IQ.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study used data from a longitudinal, prospective birth cohort study with follow-up from 1994 to 2018 until offspring were 21 years post partum. A total of 384 (196 PCE and 188 not exposed to cocaine [NCE]) infants and mothers were screened for cocaine or polydrug use. Structural equation modeling was performed from June to November 2023.ExposuresPrenatal exposures to cocaine, alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco assessed through urine and meconium analyses and maternal self-report.Main Outcomes and MeasuresHead circumference, neurobehavioral assessment, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence score, Wechsler Perceptual Reasoning IQ, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) score, and blood lead level.ResultsAmong the 384 mothers in the study, the mean (SD) age at delivery was 27.7 (5.3) years (range, 18-41 years), 375 of 383 received public assistance (97.9%) and 336 were unmarried (87.5%). Birth head circumference (standardized estimate for specific path association, −0.05, SE = 0.02; P = .02) and 1-year Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI) (standardized estimate for total of the specific path association, −0.05, SE = 0.02; P = .03) mediated the association of PCE with Wechsler Perceptual Reasoning IQ, controlling for HOME score and other substance exposures. Abnormal results on the neurobehavioral assessment were associated with birth head circumference (β = −0.20, SE = 0.08; P = .01). Bayley Psychomotor Index (β = 0.39, SE = 0.05; P &amp;lt; .001) and Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence score (β = 0.16, SE = 0.06; P = .01) at 6.5 months correlated with MDI at 12 months.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, a negative association of PCE with adult perceptual reasoning IQ was mediated by early physical and behavioral differences, after controlling for other drug and environmental factors. Development of infant behavioral assessments to identify sequelae of prenatal teratogens early in life may improve long-term outcomes and public health awareness.
Long-Term Outcomes Associated With β-Lactam Allergies
Authors: Gray Matthew P. , Kellum John A. , Kirisci Levent , Boyce Richard D. , Kane-Gill Sandra L. 
Published: May 2024

Importanceβ-lactam (BL) allergies are the most common drug allergy worldwide, but most are reported in error. BL allergies are also well-established risk factors for adverse drug events and antibiotic-resistant infections during inpatient health care encounters, but the understanding of the long-term outcomes of patients with BL allergies remains limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with BL allergies.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single regional health care system in western Pennsylvania. Electronic health records were analyzed for patients who had an index encounter with a diagnosis of sepsis, pneumonia, or urinary tract infection between 2007 and 2008. Patients were followed-up until death or the end of 2018. Data analysis was performed from January 2022 to January 2024.ExposureThe presence of any BL class antibiotic in the allergy section of a patient’s electronic health record, evaluated at the earliest occurring observed health care encounter.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality, derived from the Social Security Death Index. Secondary outcomes were defined using laboratory and microbiology results and included infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridium difficile, or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and severity and occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Generalized estimating equations with a patient-level panel variable and time exposure offset were used to evaluate the odds of occurrence of each outcome between allergy groups.ResultsA total of 20 092 patients (mean [SD] age, 62.9 [19.7] years; 12 231 female [60.9%]), of whom 4211 (21.0%) had BL documented allergy and 15 881 (79.0%) did not, met the inclusion criteria. A total of 3513 patients (17.5%) were Black, 15 358 (76.4%) were White, and 1221 (6.0%) were another race. Using generalized estimating equations, documented BL allergies were not significantly associated with the odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96-1.09). BL allergies were associated with increased odds of MRSA infection (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.36-1.53), VRE infection (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.32), and the pooled rate of the 3 evaluated antibiotic-resistant infections (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.30-1.36) but were not associated with C difficile infection (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.94-1.16), stage 2 and 3 AKI (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96-1.10), or stage 3 AKI (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.98-1.14).Conclusions and RelevanceDocumented BL allergies were not associated with the long-term odds of mortality but were associated with antibiotic-resistant infections. Health systems should emphasize accurate allergy documentation and reduce unnecessary BL avoidance.
High‐Performance NiCo2O4/Graphene Quantum Dots for Asymmetric and Symmetric Supercapacitors with Enhanced Energy Efficiency
Authors: Lakshmi‐Narayana Ambadi , Attarzadeh Navid , Shutthanandan Vaithalingam , Ramana Chintalapalle V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor the sustainable growth of future generations, energy storage technologies like supercapacitors and batteries are becoming more and more common. However, reliable and high‐performance materials’ design and development is the key for the widespread adoption of batteries and supercapacitors. Quantum dots with fascinating and unusual properties are expected to revolutionize future technologies. However, while the recent discovery of quantum dots honored with a Nobel prize in Chemistry, their benefits for the tenacious problem of energy are not realized yet. In this context, herein, chemical‐composition tuning enabled exceptional performance of NiCo2O4(NCO)/graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is reported, which outperform the existing similar materials, in supercapacitors. A comprehensive study is performed on the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical performance evaluation of highly functional NCO/GQDs in supercapacitors delivering enhanced energy efficiency. The high‐performance, functional NCO/GQDs electrode materials are synthesized by the incorporation of GQDs into NCO. The effect of variable amount of GQDs on the energy performance characteristics of NCO/GQDs in supercapacitors is studied systematically. In‐depth structural and chemical bonding analyses using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic studies indicate that all the NCO/GQDs composites crystallize in the spinel cubic phase of NiCo2O4 while graphene integration evident in all the NCO/GQDs. The scanning electron microscopy imaging analysis reveals homogeneously distributed spherical particles with a size distribution of 5–9 nm validating the formation of QDs. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that the NCOQDs are anchored on graphene sheets, which provide a high surface area of 42.27 m2g−1 and high mesoporosity for the composition of NCO/GQDs‐10%. In addition to establishing reliable electrical connection to graphene sheets, the NCOQDs provide reliable 3D‐conductive channels for rapid transport throughout the electrode as well as synergistic effects. Chemical‐composition tuning, and optimization yields NCO/GQDs‐10% to deliver the best specific capacitance of 3940 Fg−1 at 0.5 Ag−1, where the electrodes retain ≈98% capacitance after 5000 cycles. The NCO/GQD‐10%//AC asymmetric supercapacitor device demonstrates outstanding energy density and power density values of 118.04 Wh kg−1 and 798.76 W kg−1, respectively. The NCO/GQDs‐10%//NCO/GQDs‐10% symmetric supercapacitor device delivers excellent energy and power density of 24.30 Wh kg−1 and 500 W kg−1, respectively. These results demonstrate and conclude that NCO/GQDs are exceptional and prospective candidates for developing next‐generation high‐performance and sustainable energy storage devices.
Enhanced Osteosarcoma Immunotherapy via CaCO3 Nanoparticles: Remodeling Tumor Acidic and Immune Microenvironment for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Gao Yinghua , Wang Zhuoying , Jin Xinmeng , Wang Xiaoli , Tao Yining , Huang Shandeng , Wang Yun , Hua Yingqi , Guo Xuran , Xu Jing , Cai Zhengdong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a “cold” tumor enriched in noninflammatory M2 phenotype tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), which limits the efficacy of immunotherapy. The acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), generated by factors such as excess hydrogen (H+) ions and high lactate levels, activates immunosuppressive cells, further promoting a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Therefore, a multitarget synergistic combination strategy that neutralizes the acidic TME and reprograms TAMs can be beneficial for OS therapy. Here, a calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/polydopamine (PDA)‐based nanosystem (A‐NPs@(SHK+Ce6)) is developed. CaCO3 nanoparticles are used to neutralize H+ ions and alleviate the suppressive TIME, and the loaded SHK not only synergizes with photodynamic therapy (PDT) but also inhibits lactate production, further reversing the acidic TME and repolarizing TAMs to consequently lead to enhanced PDT‐induced tumor suppression and comprehensive beneficial effects on antitumor immune responses. Importantly, A‐NPs@(SHK+Ce6), in combination with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) checkpoint blockade, shows a remarkable ability to eliminate distant tumors and promote long‐term immune memory function to protect against rechallenged tumors. This work presents a novel multiple‐component combination strategy that coregulates the acidic TME and TAM polarization to reprogram the TIME.
Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene)/Functional Gold Nanoparticle films for Improving the Electrode‐Neural Interface
Authors: Wu Yiyong , Wang Lulu , Yan Mengying , Wang Xufang , Liao Xin , Zhong Cheng , Ke Dingning , Lu Yi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImplantable neural electrodes are indispensable tools for recording neuron activity, playing a crucial role in neuroscience research. However, traditional neural electrodes suffer from limited electrochemical performance, compromised biocompatibility, and tentative stability, posing great challenges for reliable long‐term studies in free‐moving animals. In this study, a novel approach employing a hybrid film composed of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/functional gold nanoparticles (PEDOT/3‐MPA‐Au) to improve the electrode–neural interface is presented. The deposited PEDOT/3‐MPA‐Au demonstrates superior cathodal charge storage capacity, reduced electrochemical impedance, and remarkable electrochemical and mechanical stability. Upon implantation into the cortex of mice for a duration of 12 weeks, the modified electrodes exhibit notably decreased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and increased neuronal nuclei immunostaining compared to counterparts utilizing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate). Additionally, the PEDOT/3‐MPA‐Au modified electrodes consistently capture high‐quality, stable long‐term electrophysiological signals in vivo, enabling continuous recording of target neurons for up to 16 weeks. This innovative modification strategy offers a promising solution for fabricating low‐impedance, tissue‐friendly, and long‐term stable neural interfaces, thereby addressing the shortcomings of conventional neural electrodes. These findings mark a significant advancement toward the development of more reliable and efficacious neural interfaces, with broad implications for both research and clinical applications.
ATP Inhibition for Starvation/Mild Photothermal/Photodynamic Synergy Therapy Using Polypeptide Nanoparticles Conjugating 2‐Deoxy‐D‐Glucose and Dye under NIR Phototheranostic Strategy
Authors: Xu Yixuan , Dang Huiping , Teng Changchang , Yin Dalong , Yan Lifeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRapid propagation of tumor cells requires plenty of energy, which is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dependent. ATP inhibition in tumors not only results in the starvation of tumor cells but also down‐regulation of the level of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which usually increase during traditional photothermal therapy (PTT), especially when the temperature is up 50 °C. 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG) is an anti‐glycolytic reagent and can be used as an efficient agent for ATP inhibition in tumors. Compared with typical PTT, low‐temperature mild photothermal therapy (MPTT) is receiving more and more attention because it avoids the high temperatures causing damage to the normal tissue, and the increase of HSPs which decrease PTT. Here, multifunctional polypeptide nanoparticles pDG@Ahx conjugating both a NIR probe Ahx‐BDP and 2DG into the side chain of the amphiphilic polypeptide have been prepared. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal that the as‐prepared nanoparticles achieve a synergistic effect of starvation/MPTT/PDT (photodynamic therapy), and it provides a new strategy to NIR‐I/II fluorescence imaging‐guided starvation/MPTT/PDT synergy therapy for tumors.
Visualizing Dynamic Single Atom Catalysis
Authors: Boyes Edward D. , Gai Pratibha L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany industrial chemical processes, including for producing fuels, foods, pharmaceuticals, chemicals and environmental controls, employ heterogeneous solid state catalysts at elevated temperatures in gas or liquid environments. Dynamic reactions at the atomic level play a critical role in catalyst stability and functionality. In situ visualization and analysis of atomic‐scale processes in real time under controlled reaction environments can provide important insights into practical frameworks to improve catalytic processes and materials. This review focuses on innovative real time in situ electron microscopy (EM) methods, including recent progress in analytical in situ environmental (scanning) transmission EM (E(STEM), incorporating environmental scanning TEM (ESTEM) and environmental transmission EM (ETEM), with single atom resolution for visualizing and analysing dynamic single atom catalysis under controlled flowing gas reaction environments. ESTEM studies of single atom dynamics of reactions, and of sintering deactivation, contribute to a better‐informed understanding of the yield and stability of catalyst operations. Advances in in situ technologies, including gas and liquid sample holders, nanotomography, and higher voltages, as well as challenges and opportunities in tracking reacting atoms, are highlighted. The findings show that the understanding and application of fundamental processes in catalysis can be improved, with valuable economic, environmental, and societal benefits.
Bioinspired Adaptive Microdrugs Enhance the Chemotherapy of Malignant Glioma: Beyond Their Nanodrugs
Authors: Wang Xuejiao , Hao Xiangrong , Zhang Yangning , Wu Qun , Zhou Jiajia , Cheng Zhongman , Chen Jianping , Liu Sijia , Pan Jiahao , Wang Ying , Fan Jun‐Bing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSolid nanoparticle‐mediated drug delivery systems are usually confined to nanoscale due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. However, they remain a great challenge for malignant glioma chemotherapy because of poor drug delivery efficiency and insufficient tumor penetration resulting from the blood–brain barrier/blood–brain tumor barrier (BBB/BBTB). Inspired by biological microparticles (e.g., cells) with excellent adaptive deformation, it is demonstrated that the adaptive microdrugs (even up to 3.0 µm in size) are more efficient than their nanodrugs (less than 200 nm in size) to cross BBB/BBTB and penetrate into tumor tissues, achieving highly efficient chemotherapy of malignant glioma. The distinct delivery of the adaptive microdrugs is mainly attributed to the enhanced interfacial binding and endocytosis via adaptive deformation. As expected, the obtained adaptive microdrugs exhibit enhanced accumulation, deep penetration, and cellular internalization into tumor tissues in comparison with nanodrugs, significantly improving the survival rate of glioblastoma mice. It is believed that the bioinspired adaptive microdrugs enable them to efficiently cross physiological barriers and deeply penetrate tumor tissues for drug delivery, providing an avenue for the treatment of solid tumors.
Dipole Moment Influences the Reversibility and Corrosion of Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Peng‐Cheng , Zhang Zhi‐Qing , Zhao Zi‐Wei , Li Jing‐Qiao , Xu Zhi‐Xiao , Zhang Hao , Li Ge 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) must have both long cycle life and calendar life to be commercially viable. However, “trial and error” methodologies remain prevalent in contemporary research endeavors to identify favorable electrolytes. Here, a guiding principle for the selection of solvents for LMBs is proposed, which aims to achieve high Coulombic efficiency while minimizing the corrosion. For the first time, this study reveals that the dipole moment and orientation of solvent molecules have significant impacts on lithium metal reversibility and corrosion. Solvents with high dipole moments are more likely to adsorb onto lithium metal surfaces, which also influence the solid electrolyte interphase. Using this principle, the use of LiNO3 is demonstrated as the sole salt in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Li cells can achieve excellent cycling stability. Overall, this work bridges the molecular structure of solvents to the reversibility and corrosion of lithium metal, and these concepts can be extended to other metal‐based batteries.
Angle‐Multiplexed 3D Photonic Superstructures with Multi‐Directional Switchable Structural Color for Information Transformation, Storage, and Encryption
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Yu , Fu Yinghao , Chen Zhaoxian , Jiang Chang , Ji Yue‐E , Lu Yanqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCreating photonic crystals that can integrate and switch between multiple structural color images will greatly advance their utility in dynamic information transformation, high‐capacity storage, and advanced encryption, but has proven to be highly challenging. Here, it is reported that by programmably integrating newly developed 1D quasi‐periodic folding structures into a 3D photonic crystal, the generated photonic superstructure exhibits distinctive optical effects that combine independently manipulatable specular and anisotropic diffuse reflections within a versatile protein‐based platform, thus creating different optical channels for structural color imaging. The polymorphic transition of the protein format allows for the facile modulation of both folding patterns and photonic lattices and, therefore, the superstructure's spectral response within each channel. The capacity to manipulate the structural assembly of the superstructure enables the programmable encoding of multiple independent patterns into a single system, which can be decoded by the simple adjustment of lighting directions. The multifunctional utility of the photonic platform is demonstrated in information processing, showcasing its ability to achieve multimode transformation of information codes, multi‐code high‐capacity storage, and high‐level numerical information encryption. The present strategy opens new pathways for achieving multichannel transformable imaging, thereby facilitating the development of emerging information conversion, storage, and encryption media using photonic crystals.