bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia affect retrobulbar blood flow?
Authors: Saygili Oguzhan , Mete Ahmet , Mete Alper , Gungor Kivanc , Bekir Necdet , Bayram Metin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate with color Doppler imaging the effects of phacoemulsification surgery under topical anesthesia on retrobulbar vessels hemodynamics.Methods:In this prospective study, color Doppler imaging was used to measure the maximum (Vmax) and minimum flow velocity (Vmin) of the central retinal vein, and the Vmax and Vmin, pulsatility index and resistance index of the central retinal artery, nasal, and temporal posterior ciliary arteries, and ophthalmic artery blood flow before and 1 day after phacoemulsification surgery under topical anesthesia.Results:After phacoemulsification surgery under topical anesthesia, Vmin of the central retinal artery increased (p ≤ 0.05), whereas the other variables showed no significant change.Conclusions:Phacoemulsification surgery under topical anesthesia has a minor effect on retrobulbar blood flow. Therefore topical anesthesia should be suitable for patients with ocular perfusion disorders (eg, glaucoma). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
Radiological diagnosis of vesicouterine fistula: Role of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Abou‐El‐Ghar Mohamed E. , El‐Assmy Ahmed M. , Refaie Huda F. , El‐Diasty Tarek A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To retrospectively assess the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of vesicouterine fistula (VUF).Materials and Methods:Between January 2003 and January 2011, 12 patients with a diagnosis of VUF were surgically managed at our center; among them, eight patients had MRI among their preoperative radiological investigations and those were included in our study. The clinical presentation, radiological investigations, and surgical findings of the patients were reviewed.Results:The mean age of the patients was 31 years. Seven of the eight patients had complaints of cyclic hematuria and the remaining patient complained of urinary leakage through the vagina. The etiology of VUF was cesarean section in all patients. The preoperative radiological investigations included conventional cystography in five patients, intravenous urography in two, computed tomography (CT) urography in two, and MRI in eight. The sensitivities of diagnosis for these investigations were 40%, 0%, 50%, and 100%, respectively.Conclusion:In our small retrospective series, pelvic MRI was reliable and sensitive for diagnosis of VUF. It should be considered in the work‐up of patients with suspected VUF. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:438–442. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metastases to retroperitoneal or lateral pelvic lymph nodes indicated unfavorable survival and high pelvic recurrence rates in a cohort of 102 patients with low rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Quadros Claudio Almeida , Falcão Mário Feitosa , Carvalho Marcela Embiruçu , Ladeia Paolo Andrade , Lopes Ademar 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe Japanese protocol considers metastases to retroperitoneal or lateral pelvic lymph nodes (RLPNs) as regional lymphatic dissemination in rectal adenocarcinoma patients and recommends total mesorectal excision (TME) plus retroperitoneal and lateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (RLPL). Western protocols consider RLPN metastases to indicate advanced disease.MethodsAll outcomes were evaluated among a cohort of 102 rectal adenocarcinoma patients subjected to TME plus RLPL with a nerve‐preserving technique. Chemoradiotherapy was delivered in patients with T3/T4 tumors or metastases to mesorectal nodes or RLPNs.ResultsSurgical mortality was 3.9%; surgical morbidity was 33.3%. Incidence of RLPN metastases was 17%. Pelvic recurrence was 14.5% in pT3/pT4 patients and 29.4% in patients with metastases to RLPNs. Survival at 50 months was 28.6% in patients with RLPN metastases versus 84.5% in patients without RLPN metastases (P < 0.0001). Survival at 50 months was 33.3% in TME stage II patients with RLPN metastases versus 97.1% in TME stage II patients without RLPN metastases (P < 0.0001), and 21.9% in TME stage III patients with RLPN metastases versus 68.9% in TME stage III patients without RLPN metastases (P = 0.0237).ConclusionsPatients who underwent RLPL had acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Metastases to RLPNs indicated unfavorable survival and considerable pelvic recurrence rates. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:653–658. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
General acid catalysis in benzoic acid–Crystal Violet carbinol base reactions in toluene
Authors: Gupta Susanta K. Sen , Mishra Sangeeta , Rani V. Radha , Arvind Udai 
Published: April 2012

AbstractKinetics of benzoic acid–dye carbinol base reactions in an apolar aprotic solvent exhibit a complex dependence on the concentration of the acid, indicating the occurrence of general acid catalysis, the acid playing the dual role of the substrate and the catalyst. The complex kinetic behavior observed for 23 ortho‐ and meta‐substituted benzoic acids has been traced to overlapping participations of the monomer acid, hyperacidic open chain homoconjugated complex (dimeric and trimeric) acids, and nonreactive cyclic dimer and trimer acids. It has been found that although the degree of proton transfer in the transition state is 50–60% when the acid acts exclusively in the monomeric form, it gets enhanced to as high as more than 90% when the role of homoconjugated complex acids is taken into consideration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 570–576, 2012
International children's continence society's recommendations for therapeutic intervention in congenital neuropathic bladder and bowel dysfunction in children
Authors: Rawashdeh Y.F. , Austin P. , Siggaard C. , Bauer S.B. , Franco I. , de Jong T.P. , Jorgensen T.M. ,   International Children's Continence Society
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurposeWe present a consensus view of members of the International Children's Continence Society on the therapeutic intervention in congenital neuropatic bladder and bowel dysfunction in children.Material and MethodsDiscussions were held by a group of pediatric urologists and gastroenterologists appointed by the board. The following draft review document was open to all the ICCS members via the ICCS web site. Feedback was considered by the core authors and by agreement, amendments were made as necessary. The final document is not a systematic literature review. It includes relevant research when available as well as expert opinion on the current understanding of therapeutic intervention in congenital neuropatic bladder and bowel dysfunction in children.ResultsGuidelines on pharmalogical and surgical intervention are presented. First the multiple modalities for intervention that do not involve surgical reconstruction are summarized concerning pharmacological agents, medical devices, and neuromodulation. The non‐surgical intervention is promoted before undertaking major surgery.Indicators for non‐surgical treatments depend on issues related to intravesical pressure, upper urinary tract status, prevalence of urinary tract infections, and the degree of incontinence. The optimal age for treatment of incontinence is also addressed.This is followed by a survey of specific treatments such as anticholinergics, botulinum‐A toxin, antibiotics, and catheters. Neuromodulation of the bladder via intravesical electrical stimulation, sacral nerve stimulation, transcutaneous stimulation, and biofeedback is scrutinized.Then follows surgical intervention, which should be tailored to each individual, based on careful consideration of urodynamic findings, medical history, age, and presence of other disability. Treatments mentioned are: urethral dilation, vesicostomy, bladder, augmentation, fascial sling, artificial urinary sphincters, and bladder neck reconstruction and are summarized with regards to success rates and complications. Finally, the treatment on neuropathic bowel dysfunction with rectal suppositories irrigation and transrectal stimulation are scrutinized. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:615–620, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
B‐type natriuretic peptide as an independent correlate of nocturnal voiding in Japanese women
Authors: Yoshimura Koji , Nakayama Takeo , Sekine Akihiro , Matsuda Fumihiko , Kosugi Shinji , Yamada Ryo , Shimizu Yosuke , Kanematsu Akihiro , Yoshimura Kenichi , Ogawa Osamu ,   the Nagahama Cohort Research Group
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether objective cardiovascular parameters have an independent association with nocturnal voiding in women.MethodsThirty‐two parameters derived from questionnaires, and anthropometric, physiological and biochemical measures of 5,980 women were applied for analysis. Nocturnal voiding was assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score. We measured variables including previously reported correlates of nocturnal voiding, such as age, a history of hypertension, and a history of diabetes, as well as those focusing on cardiovascular function, such as the cardio‐ankle vascular index, the augmentation index, the ankle‐brachial index, plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C‐reactive protein (CRP).ResultsAge [odds ratio (OR): 1.058, P < 0.001], length of sleep (OR: 1.194, P < 0.001), sleeplessness (OR: 2.841, P < 0.001), urgency (OR: 1.528, P < 0.001), log(BNP) (OR: 2.031, P < 0.001), waist circumference (OR: 1.037, P = 0.002), body mass index (OR: 0.935, P = 0.007), menopause (OR: 1.503, P = 0.043), and history of hypertension (OR: 1.225, P = 0.029) were independently associated with nocturnal voiding ≥2 times. Age (β = 0.256, P < 0.001), urgency (β = 0.195, P < 0.001), sleeplessness (β = 0.181, P < 0.001), length of sleep (β = 0.088, P < 0.001), log(BNP) (β = 0.072, P < 0.001), waist circumference (β = 0.086, P < 0.001), and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (β = −0.038, P = 0.003) were significantly correlated with the severity of nocturnal voiding.ConclusionsPlasma BNP, which represents cardiac load, is strongly associated with the prevalence and severity of nocturnal voiding in Japanese women, as well as previously known correlates including age, urgency, quality and quantity of sleep, and obesity. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1266–1271, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
S100A9, GIF and AAT as potential combinatorial biomarkers in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Wu Wei , Juan Wen Chun , Liang Cynthia R. M. Y. , Yeoh Khay Guan , So Jimmy , Chung Maxey C. M. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeWe have mined the gastric fluid proteome for potential gastric cancer (GC) biomarkers that may enhance disease detection and facilitate prognostic monitoring.Experimental designIn biomarker discovery, a total of 12 patient gastric fluid samples (stages I, III, IV and gastritis) were analysed by 2DE for expression changes that correlated with GC status or disease progression. Gastric fluid proteins showing differential expression with GC were identified by MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS as putative biomarkers. Levels of these potential biomarker candidates were independently validated by Western blotting in further 60 gastritis and GC patients. A targeted approach that recruits biomarker candidates for panel consideration was adopted to test if two or more biomarkers in combination improved diagnostic power.ResultsFrom the 15 differentially regulated proteins identified, expression levels of S100A9, GIF and AAT in the gastric fluid clearly correlated with GC status. S100A9/AAT (AUC = 0.81) and S100A9/GIF (AUC = 0.92) were revealed as promising biomarker pairs for early GC diagnosis and disease monitoring, respectively.Conclusion and clinical relevanceEarly diagnosis, accurate staging and constant disease monitoring remain the prerequisites for effective treatment against GC. As current biomarkers like CA19–9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) lack sensitivity and specificity, there is a pressing need for novel GC detection and monitoring methods. To this end, S100A9, GIF and AAT from the gastric fluid may significantly augment existing methods of GC detection and monitoring, and eliminate the need for invasive tissue biopsies.
A Feasibility Study on Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Structures Using SiC Ceramic Powder in a Steel‐Based Matrix by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)
Authors: Herbst Stephan , Williams Stewart , Ganguly Supriyo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe paper presents a feasibility study on application of the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process to obtain metal composite functional coating for advanced tribological application. Silicon carbide (SiC) particles in the form of powder was added to a weld pool in autogenous mode as well as with an additional filler wire. Powder feeding was carried out at different angles and with varying separation distance from the welding torch. The metallurgical characterization of the cladded structure was carried out using optical as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) was performed to analyze the composition of the deposited weld metal. It has been observed that due to low SiC density it was difficult for particles to penetrate the weld pool. Also the added SiC was found to be dissociated into Si and carbon (C) and the large amount of dissolved C in the weld pool resulted in formation of graphite phases.
Weather and public health in Nottingham 1905–19261
Authors: Wilson John 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study describes the effect of a significant improvement in public health '96 the change from pail closets to flushable water closets '96 in a large city in relation to warm or hot weather. Prior to 1916, most houses in Nottingham had pail closets for the removal of human waste. The paper shows that, during the period 1905 to 1916, there was a significant correlation between high summer temperatures and infant deaths from diarrhoea. After 1919, when flush water closets were installed in almost all homes, there was no such correlation. The paper also discusses the use of a modified form of degree‐days as a tool in investigations of this kind.
Prevalence and Some Psychosocial Characteristics of Social Anxiety Disorder in an Urban Population of Turkish Children and Adolescents
Authors: Demir T. , Karacetin G. , Eralp Demir D. , Uysal O. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurposeTo define the prevalence and some of the psychosocial characteristics of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in an urban population of Turkish children and adolescents.Subjects and methodsThis was a two-stage cross-sectional urban-based study conducted in Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. The initial sample included 1,482 students between the 4th and 8th grades. The first stage involved screening using the Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised (SASC-R) and the Capa Social Phobia Scale for Children and Adolescents (CSPSCA). According to the test results, 324 children were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) in the second stage.ResultsThe SAD prevalence rate was 3.9%. According to the multiple regression analysis, low paternal education and trait anxiety were associated with SASC-R scores, whereas female gender and trait anxiety were associated with CSPSCA scores. According to logistic regression analysis, the anxiety subscale of the self-concept scale and trait anxiety were associated with SAD.ConclusionSAD is a relatively common disorder that is associated with lower self-concept in children and adolescents. Low paternal education, trait anxiety, and low self-concept may be the intervention targets for SAD prevention and treatment.
The helminth community ofGeophagus proximus(Perciformes: Cichlidae) from a tributary of the Paraná River, Ilha Solteira Reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Zago A.C. , Franceschini L. , Zocoller-Seno M.C. , Veríssimo-Silveira R. , Maia A.A.D. , Ikefuti C.V. , da Silva R.J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the helminth parasites ofGeophagus proximusfrom the São José dos Dourados River, a tributary of Paraná River, Ilha Solteira Reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil. From May 2006 to May 2007, 116G. proximusspecimens were examined and seven different taxa of helminth were collected and identified: proteocephalidean plerocercoids (Cestoda); metacercariae ofAustrodiplostomumcompactum, Clinostomum heluansandClinostomumsp. (Trematoda); andRaphidascaris(Sprentascaris)hypostomi, and larvae ofRaphidascarissp. andContracaecumsp. (Nematoda). All parasites presented the typical aggregated pattern of distribution, as well as the presence of a high number of larval stages, an absence of influence of the host sex and seasonality upon community parameters, as well as a correlation between species richness and host body weight. Moreover, with the exception ofA. compactummetacercariae, all helminths found in this study are reported for the first time inG. proximus.
Identifying priority areas for the conservation of antelopes in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, using the complementarity approach
Authors: Brugière David 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Republic of Guinea has one of the highest diversities of mammal species in West Africa. However, its protected area network is poorly developed and little quantitative information has been available to help guide national conservation strategies. I therefore examined the distribution of antelopes and related species (families Bovidae and Tragulidae) across 17 sites, including four protected areas, to determine how the existing protected area network contributes to the conservation of antelope species and where action should best be focused for the conservation of this group. A total of 21 species of antelope have been recorded in the 17 sites; four of these species are absent from the four protected areas. An iterative heuristic complementarity approach was used to determine an irreplaceability index, which accounts for both species richness and species rarity, for each of the sites. The Kankan Faunal Reserve and Nimba Strict Nature Reserve have the second and fourth highest irreplaceability indices, respectively. The two other protected areas have moderate to very low irreplaceability indices, showing that they protect species widespread throughout the 17 sites. The Ziama Forest has the highest index (because it contains a high number of species and of globally threatened species), highlighting the significance of this site. I discuss the importance of the other sites and the threats affecting antelopes in Guinea, and make recommendations to improve the study and conservation of antelope species in the country.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a public awareness campaign as a conservation intervention: the saiga antelope Saiga tatarica in Kalmykia, Russia
Authors: Howe Caroline , Obgenova Olga , Milner-Gulland E. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe carried out an in-depth analysis of a media campaign designed to raise awareness of the ecology and conservation of the Critically Endangered saiga antelope Saiga tatarica in the Pre-Caspian region of Russia. We carried out 250 semi-structured interviews in eight villages. The effectiveness of the campaign was assessed using change in opinion over the previous 3 years as an attitudinal indicator and amount pledged for saiga conservation as a measure of behavioural intention. The campaign induced positive changes in attitudes and behavioural intention. Reinforcement was important, with people's retention of information about saiga conservation from the campaign being positively correlated with their level of ecological knowledge about the species. Similarly, behavioural intention towards the saiga was more likely to be positive in individuals who had a high level of exposure to the species and/or had been subject to two or more different conservation interventions. Level of attitudinal change was dependent on an interaction between the date when the media campaign was carried out and the age of the respondent. We conclude that public awareness campaigns, if designed to take into account the socio-demographics and cultural background of the target audience, can be an effective method of improving attitudes towards conservation.
Offending prior to first psychiatric contact: a population-based register study
Authors: Stevens H. , Agerbo E. , Dean K. , Nordentoft M. , Nielsen P. R. , Mortensen P. B. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundThere is a well-established association between psychotic disorders and subsequent offending but the extent to which those who develop psychosis might have a prior history of offending is less clear. Little is known about whether the association between illness and offending exists in non-psychotic disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether the association between mental disorder and offending is present prior to illness onset in psychotic and non-psychotic disorders.MethodIn a nested case-control study, cases (n=101 890) with a first psychiatric contact during the period 1995 to 2006 were identified and matched by age and gender to population-based controls (n=2 236 195). Exposure was defined as prior criminal and violent offending.ResultsMales with one offence had an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 2.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.26–2.40] for psychiatric admission whereas two or more convictions yielded an IRR of 4.97 (95% CI 4.83–5.11). For violent offending the associations were stronger and IRRs of 3.97 (95% CI 3.81–4.12) and 6.18 (95% CI 5.85–6.52) were found for one and several offences respectively. Estimates for females were of a similar magnitude. The pattern was consistent across most diagnostic subgroups, although some variability in effect sizes was seen, and persisted after adjustment for substance misuse and socio-economic status (SES).ConclusionsA prior history of offending is present in almost one in five patients presenting to mental health services, which makes it an important issue for clinicians to consider when assessing current and future risks and vulnerabilities.
Predicting euphotic‐depth‐integrated chlorophyll‐afrom discrete‐depth and satellite‐observable chlorophyll‐a off central California
Authors: Frolov Sergey , Ryan J. P. , Chavez F. P. 
Published: April 2012

Predicting water column integrated phytoplankton biomass from near‐surface measurements has been an important effort in marine ecological research, particularly since the advent of satellite remote sensing of ocean color. Quantitative relationships between chlorophyll‐aconcentrations (Chl‐a) at the surface and its depth‐integrated magnitude have thus far only been developed for open‐ocean waters. Here we develop and test for the first time an extension of open‐ocean relationships into ocean‐margin waters, specifically the highly productive and variable eastern boundary upwelling ecosystem off the central California coast. This region was chosen because of the unique availability of a 30‐year record of ship‐based Chl‐aprofiles measured using consistent methods. The extended relationship allows accurate prediction of integrated biomass from surface measurements. Further, we develop a new set of relationships for predicting the depth‐integrated Chl‐afrom Chl‐ameasured over a range of discrete depths (i.e., as measured by fluorometers on moorings). The newly developed relationships are tested against 15,000 fluorometric Chl‐aprofiles obtained from an autonomous underwater vehicle. Surprisingly, the relationship between surface Chl‐aand depth‐integrated Chl‐aholds for profiles with high concentrations of Chl‐a in persistent subsurface thin phytoplankton layers (layers <3 m thick and located below the first optical depth). The results have implications for monitoring of algal blooms and for quantifying ocean primary productivity from satellite observations of ocean color.