bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility‐based fair bandwidth sharing in vehicular networks (extended)
Authors: Pu Jian , Hamdi Mounir 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe time‐constraint data traffic is very common in vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communications. Time‐constraint flows are those who have fixed start and stop times and try to maximize the transferred data volume during the limited connection time. From the view of users, the total data transmitted by each flow should be proportional to each one's holding time if the network resources are allocated fairly. However, we find that the traditional fairness concept solely based on flow rates is not suitable for this scenario. Therefore, we redefine the fairness concept regarding the application utility for time‐constraint flows. According to this new utility‐based fairness definition, we propose two practical bandwidth sharing schemes for transferring data by fast‐moving wireless nodes such as vehicles. Simulations through ns‐2 show that the proposed algorithms can achieve better utility fairness than the standard TCP and are also friendly to TCP in the long term. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RoMR:robust multicast routing in mobile wireless networks
Authors: Lynn Gretchen , Znati Taieb F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSupport for multicast services is crucial for content distribution inmobile wireless networks (MWNs). Efficient multicasting inMWNs faces challenges not encountered in other types of networks such as the mobility of nodes, the tenuous status of communication links, limited resources, and indefinite knowledge of the network topology. This paper addresses these challenges by providing a framework and architecture with proactive and reactive components to support multicasting inMWNs emphasizing reliability and efficiency of end‐to‐end packet delivery. The architecture includes theRobust Multicast Routing protocol(RoMR) to provide efficient multicast services for content distritbution MWNs. RoMR's architecture includes a proactive and reactive component. The proactive component calculates multiple multicast trees based on the prediction of future availability of the links and the assumption that the trees will become disconnected over time. The reactive components respond to changes in the network topology due to the mobility of the nodes and to changes in the multicast group's membership. The novelty of the proposed protocol stems from integrating techniques that have not previously been combined into a multicasting protocol and a unique method to calculate the relative weights of the links. In addition to the specifications of the protocol, a simulation framework was developed to test different implementations of the various components ofRoMR. Simulations compared the performance of the basic version of RoMR to a version that ignored link weights, and to the Multicast Optimized Link State Routing (MOLSR) protocol, a source tree‐based, topology‐aware multicast protocol. A statistical analysis of the results showed thatRoMRperformed better, overall, than the other two protocols. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐cell monitoring using fiberoptic nanosensors
Authors: Vo‐Dinh Tuan , Zhang Yan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article is a review on the design, fabrication, and applications of fiberoptic nanosensors for in vivo monitoring of individual living cells. The nanosensors were fabricated with tapered optical fibers with distal ends having nanometer‐sized diameters. Bioreceptors, such as antibody, peptides, and nucleic acids, are immobilized on the fiber tips and designed to be selective to target analyte molecules of interest. A laser beam is transmitted into the fiber, producing an evanescent field at the tip of the nanofiber that is used to excite target molecules bound to the bioreceptor molecules. The fluorescence originated from the analyte molecules is detected by a photo‐detection system. The advantages and limitations of nanosensors in providing minimally invasive tools to probe subcellular compartments inside individual living cells for health effect studies and medical applications are discussed in detail. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 79–85 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.112This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
FEM analysis of Cosserat plates and shells based on some constitutive relations
Authors: Chróścielewski J. , Witkowski W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe carry out further study of the constitutive laws for Cosserat plates developed by Altenbach and Eremeyev. In particular, we examine the problem of choice of the micropolar material coefficients. Requiring that the constitutive matrix is positive definite, we establish some bounds on values of micropolar constants. The constitutive relations for Cosserat plates have been implemented into formulation of shell finite elements developed within the framework of the statically and kinematically exact, nonlinear six‐parameter shell theory. By the linear parametric‐sensitivity analysis we study the influence of the micropolar material constants on the response of shell structure with orthogonal intersections of branches. Such structures can naturally be analyzed using the six‐parameter shell theory. Having established the most influential coefficients, we show how these values affect the behavior of the structure in the nonlinear range of deformations.
Experimental investigations and material modelling of curing processes under small deformations
Authors: Yagimli B. , Lion A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThere are many applications of curing epoxy resins. The paste‐like material can be applied to joint two structural parts of different materials. The curing reaction in the epoxy resin increases the stiffness of the material to fix the connected partners. Furthermore, the curing epoxy resin shrinks and the reaction generates exothermal energy. In order to characterise the exothermal reaction, experimental results of dynamic scanning calorimetry are presented. The change in the viscoelastic behaviour is measured with the rheometer AR‐G2 of TA‐Instruments. In addition, investigations of the shrinkage behaviour are presented. Based on the observed changes during the curing reaction a thermodynamic consistent material model for small deformations is introduced and the parameters of the material model are identified to reproduce the experimental data.
Dynamic stress and electric field concentration in a functionally graded piezoelectric solid with a circular hole
Authors: Dineva P. , Gross D. , Mueller R. , Rangelov T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis work addresses the evaluation of the stress and electric field concentrations around a circular hole in a functionally graded piezoelectric plane subjected to anti‐plane elastic SH‐wave and in‐plane time‐harmonic electric load. All material parameters vary exponentially along a line of arbitrary orientation in the plane of the piezoelectric material under consideration. The computational tool is a non‐hypersingular traction based boundary integral equation method (BIEM). The kernel functions used in the BIEM are exact fundamental solutions that have been derived in previous work by the authors. Numerical solutions for the stress and electric field concentration factors (SCF and EFCF, respectively) around the perimeter of the hole are obtained. The simulation demonstrates the efficiency of the computational approach and its potential to reveal in an adequate way the dynamic stress and electric field distribution around the hole. Presented are results showing their dependence on various system parameters as e.g. the electro‐mechanical coupling, the type of the dynamic load and its characteristics, the wave‐hole and wave‐material interaction and the magnitude and direction of the material inhomogeneity.
Angiointervention: High Rates of Failure Following Blunt Renal Injuries
Authors: Menaker Jay , Joseph Bellal , Stein Deborah M. , Scalea Thomas M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundNonoperative management (NOM) of solid organ injury after blunt trauma is now standard. Recently, angioembolization (AE) has been used to extend NOM. Few data exist on evaluating NOM of blunt renal injuries (BRIs). We sought to determine the overall efficacy of NOM as well as the outcome of AE in patients with BRI.MethodsThe trauma registry was used to identify all patients with BRI between January 2002 and December 2008. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, grade of injury, use of angiographic intervention, and outcome.ResultsA total of 434 patients with BRI were identified, 416 of whom had planned NOM; 337 (81%) patients were successfully managed without further intervention for their BRI. In all, 79 (19%) patients underwent angiography; 22 (27.8%) of these patients underwent AE, and 6 (27.2%) failed 1.2 ± 0.8 days after AE. Patients who failed AE had a significantly higher blood transfusion requirement during the first 24 h of admission (p = 0.01). Seven patients not embolized failed 1.9 ± 1.9 days after angiography. Thus, of the 79 patients having angiography, 13 (16.5%) failed and required laparotomy to treat their BRIs. Overall failure rate of NOM was 3.1% (13/416). Patients who failed angiography, with or without AE, required more blood during the first 24 h after admission (p = 0.03).ConclusionsNOM of BRI is safe and effective, with an overall failure rate of 3.1%. However, angiography with or without AE has substantial failure rates. Patients with higher‐grade injuries and active vascular extravasation on admission computed tomography scan also fail NOM regardless of therapy. The blood transfusion requirement during the first 24 h may indicate who will require operative intervention following angiography. Close observation and/or early laparotomy are wise for these high‐risk patients.
Selection Criteria for Hepatectomy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Classified as Child‐Pugh Class B
Authors: Kuroda Shintaro , Tashiro Hirotaka , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Oshita Akihiko , Amano Hironobu , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe appropriate surgical approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients of Child‐Pugh class B is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognostic factors after hepatectomy in Child‐Pugh class B patients and to delineate the selection criteria for hepatectomy.MethodsOne hundred fifty patients of Child‐Pugh class B who underwent hepatectomy were enrolled in this retrospective study (Hx group). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. The prognosis was compared with that of 23 patients of Child‐Pugh class B who underwent liver transplantation (LT group).ResultsThe overall survival rate of the Hx group was significantly worse than that of the LT group (5‐year survival: 36.0 vs. 78.3%, p = 0.001). In multivariate analyses, diabetes mellitus (p = 0.011), preoperative total bilirubin level ≥1.5 mg/dl (p = 0.038), and Child‐Pugh score of 8 or 9 (p = 0.038) were independent prognostic factors. Although the overall 5‐year survival rate of patients with none of the three adverse prognostic factors was only 50.3%, that of patients with one or more adverse prognostic factors was only 27.2% (p = 0.001).ConclusionsHepatectomy may be the optimal initial treatment for HCC patients classified as Child‐Pugh class B and without any adverse prognostic factors.
Do Soft Skills Predict Surgical Performance?
Authors: Maschuw K. , Schlosser K. , Kupietz E. , Slater E. P. , Weyers P. , Hassan I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundVirtual reality (VR) training in minimal invasive surgery (MIS) is feasible in surgical residency and beneficial for the performance of MIS by surgical trainees. Research on stress‐coping of surgical trainees indicates the additional impact of soft skills on VR performance in the surgical curriculum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of structured VR training and soft skills on VR performance of trainees.MethodThe study was designed as a single‐center randomized controlled trial. Fifty first‐year surgical residents with limited experience in MIS (“camera navigation” in laparoscopic cholecystectomy only) were randomized for either 3 months of VR training or no training. Basic VR performance and defined soft skills (self‐efficacy, stress‐coping, and motivation) were assessed prior to randomization using basic modules of the VR simulator LapSim® and standardized psychological questionnaires. Three months after randomization VR performance was reassessed. Outcome measurement was based on the results derived from the most complex of the basic VR modules (“diathermy cutting”) as the primary end point. A correlation analysis of the VR end‐point performance and the psychological scores was done in both groups.ResultsStructured VR training enhanced VR performance of surgical trainees. An additional correlation to high motivational states (P < 0.05) was found. Low levels of self‐efficacy and negative stress‐coping were related to poor VR performance in the untrained control group (P < 0.05). This correlation was absent in the trained intervention group (P > 0.05).ConclusionLow self‐efficacy and negative stress‐coping strategies seem to predict poor VR performance. However, structured training along with high motivational states is likely to balance out this impairment.
Robot‐assisted versus Laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass: Is There a Difference in Outcomes?
Authors: Ayloo Subhashini M. , Addeo Pietro , Buchs Nicolas Christian , Shah Galaxy , Giulianotti Pier Cristoforo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundApplication of the robot for Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass has been slow to evolve, despite its rapid acceptance in other fields. This is largely due to associated costs of technology, reports of increased operative time, and inadequate data available to correlate the benefits of robotics to a clinical outcome. The authors present a comparative study between laparoscopic and robot‐assisted Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass performed at a specialized institution for robotic surgery.Materials and methodA total of 135 consecutive Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass procedures were performed from January 2006 to December 2009 by a single surgeon. The first 45 were performed laparoscopically and the remaining 90 were robot‐assisted. Patient demographics, operative time, complication rate, length of stay, long‐term weight loss, and follow‐up for the two groups were gathered from a prospectively maintained database and statistically analyzed.ResultsThe overall operative time was significantly shorter for the robot‐assisted procedures than for the laparoscopic procedures (207 ± 31 vs. 227 ± 31 min) (P = 0.0006). The robotic set‐up time remained constant at 13 ± 4 min. 30 robotic cases were necessary in order to perform the procedure in less time than with the laparoscopic approach (P = 0.047). Mortality was 0% in both groups, with no conversions to open surgery and no transfusions. Early morbidities and percentage of excess weight loss at 1 year were comparable for the two groups.ConclusionsThe use of the robot for performing the gastrojejunostomy during laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass does not increase the operative time or the rate of specific complications. The short‐term outcomes of the robot‐assisted procedure are comparable to those found with the conventional laparoscopic method.
Fungal endophyte communities in four Rhizophoraceae mangrove species on the south coast of China
Authors: Xing Xiaoke , Guo Shunxing 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study investigated the taxonomic identities and diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from four Rhizophoraceae mangrove plant species, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophoraapiculata, R. stylosa and Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala, using a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. Two hundred ninety‐five isolates were classified into 38 taxa by morphological characteristics. The representative 38 isolates from each taxa were selected for further molecular identification using nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, including both the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S gene region. The 38 representative endophytes were identified to various taxonomic levels. These results suggest that Pestalotiopsis and Phomopsis were the most frequent endophytes in the four host species. Some of the endophytes exhibit host and tissue specificity. The colonization frequencies of endophytic fungi in the stems of the four host plants are evidently higher than in the roots. The four Rhizophoraceae mangrove species have low similarities of endophyte communities.
Epigenetic mechanisms and genome stability
Authors: Putiri Emily L. , Robertson Keith D. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Epigenetic marks are well recognized as heritable chemical modifications of DNA and chromatin that induce chromatin structural changes thereby affecting gene activity. A lesser-known phenomenon is the pervasive effects these marks have on genomic integrity. Remarkably, epigenetic marks and the enzymes that establish them are involved in multiple aspects of maintaining genetic content. These aspects include preserving nucleotide sequences such as repetitive elements, preventing DNA damage, functioning in DNA repair mechanisms and chromatin restoration, and defining chromosomal organization through effects on structural elements such as the centromere. This review discusses these functional aspects of epigenetic marks and their effects on human health and disease.
Working Together to Build a Respectful Workplace: Transforming OR Culture
Authors: Costello Judy , Clarke Cathy , Gravely Gillian , D'Agostino‐Rose Dina , Puopolo Rose 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRespect is important in the creation of a positive perioperative work environment and effective OR teams. Low scores for respect in the OR on an employee opinion survey and responses on a more customized survey that examined issues associated with respect prompted leaders at the University Health Network to undertake a multiyear organizational strategy to address respect and quality of worklife initiatives. An interprofessional quality of worklife task force convened to create an action plan to address the outcomes of the surveys. The work of the task force included developing and implementing a code of conduct team charter for the OR, empowering leaders to better manage conflict through education and coaching, creating a collaborative, consistent approach to conflict resolution, and designing an education strategy for staff members to enhance communication and conflict resolution. Results of recent employee opinion surveys have reflected positive outcomes. Efforts to sustain the effects of the project include quarterly recognition awards and ongoing education focused on wellness and communication skills.
Perioperative Pharmacology: A Framework for Perioperative Medication Safety
Authors: Hicks Rodney W. , Wanzer Linda , Goeckner BradLee 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLearning pharmacology is a critical element of any health care practitioner's education to ensure quality and safety in perioperative care. The medication‐use process and safe medication use are two important principles that contribute to the safe use of pharmacological agents in perioperative clinical practice. The medication‐use process consists of procuring, prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, administering, and monitoring; however, variations in the medication‐use process result from demands unique to the perioperative environment, and these variations can sometimes bypass the safety nets within the system. Understanding these variances will help perioperative practitioners recognize threats to patient safety and help ensure the patient's well‐being. Responsibilities of a safe medication‐use system include assuring the public that practitioners use medications efficiently, safely, and effectively, and fully document all medications administered.
Coesite and stishovite in a shocked lunar meteorite, Asuka-881757, and impact events in lunar surface
Authors: Ohtani E. , Ozawa S. , Miyahara M. , Ito Y. , Mikouchi T. , Kimura M. , Arai T. , Sato K. , Hiraga K. 
Published: December 2010

Microcrystals of coesite and stishovite were discovered as inclusions in amorphous silica grains in shocked melt pockets of a lunar meteorite Asuka-881757 by micro-Raman spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, electron back-scatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. These high-pressure polymorphs of SiO
2
in amorphous silica indicate that the meteorite experienced an equilibrium shock-pressure of at least 8–30 GPa. Secondary quartz grains are also observed in separate amorphous silica grains in the meteorite. The estimated age reported by the
39
Ar/
40
Ar chronology indicates that the source basalt of this meteorite was impacted at 3,800 Ma ago, time of lunar cataclysm; i.e., the heavy bombardment in the lunar surface. Observation of coesite and stishovite formed in the lunar breccias suggests that high-pressure impact metamorphism and formation of high-pressure minerals are common phenomena in brecciated lunar surface altered by the heavy meteoritic bombardment.
Structure-guided reprogramming of serine recombinase DNA sequence specificity
Authors: Gaj Thomas , Mercer Andrew C. , Gersbach Charles A. , Gordley Russell M. , Barbas Carlos F. 
Published: December 2010

Routine manipulation of cellular genomes is contingent upon the development of proteins and enzymes with programmable DNA sequence specificity. Here we describe the structure-guided reprogramming of the DNA sequence specificity of the invertase Gin from bacteriophage Mu and Tn3 resolvase from
Escherichia coli
. Structure-guided and comparative sequence analyses were used to predict a network of amino acid residues that mediate resolvase and invertase DNA sequence specificity. Using saturation mutagenesis and iterative rounds of positive antibiotic selection, we identified extensively redesigned and highly convergent resolvase and invertase populations in the context of engineered zinc-finger recombinase (ZFR) fusion proteins. Reprogrammed variants selectively catalyzed recombination of nonnative DNA sequences > 10,000-fold more effectively than their parental enzymes. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed the molecular basis of resolvase and invertase DNA sequence specificity. When used as rationally designed ZFR heterodimers, the reprogrammed enzyme variants site-specifically modified unnatural and asymmetric DNA sequences. Early studies on the directed evolution of serine recombinase DNA sequence specificity produced enzymes with relaxed substrate specificity as a result of randomly incorporated mutations. In the current study, we focused our mutagenesis exclusively on DNA determinants, leading to redesigned enzymes that remained highly specific and directed transgene integration into the human genome with > 80% accuracy. These results demonstrate that unique resolvase and invertase derivatives can be developed to site-specifically modify the human genome in the context of zinc-finger recombinase fusion proteins.