bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
α-Tocopheryloxyacetic acid: a novel chemotherapeutic that stimulates the antitumor immune response
Authors: Hahn Tobias , Jagadish Bhumasamudram , Mash Eugene A , Garrison Kendra , Akporiaye Emmanuel T 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Introduction
α-Tocopheryloxyacetic acid (α-TEA) is a novel ether derivative of α-tocopherol that has generated interest as a chemotherapeutic agent because of its selective toxicity toward tumor cells and its ability to suppress tumor growth in various rodent and human xenograft models. We previously reported that oral α-TEA inhibited the growth of both a transplanted (4T1) and a spontaneous MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer.

Methods
Because little is known about the possible immunological mechanisms underlying the in vivo α-TEA effects, we evaluated the impact of α-TEA therapy on the immune response by characterizing immune cell populations infiltrating the tumor site.

Results
α-TEA treatment resulted in higher frequencies of activated T cells in the tumor microenvironment and twofold and sixfold higher ratios of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells, respectively. This finding was correlated with an increased ability of tumor-draining lymph node cells and splenocytes from α-TEA-treated mice to secrete interferon (IFN)-γ in response to CD3 or to mediate a cytolytic response in a tumor-specific fashion, respectively. That the α-TEA-mediated antitumor effect had a T cell-dependent component was demonstrated by the partial abrogation of tumor suppression when CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were depleted. We also determined the intratumoral cytokine and chemokine profile and found that α-TEA treatment increased intratumoral IFN-γ levels but decreased interleukin (IL)-4 levels, suggesting a shift toward a TH1 response. In addition, α-TEA induced higher levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the chemokine CCL5.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data suggest that α-TEA treatment, in addition to its direct cytotoxic effects, enhanced the anti-tumor immune response. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of α-TEA and its effect on the immune system and may prove useful in designing immune-stimulating strategies to boost the antitumor effects of α-TEA in breast cancer patients.
The unexpected link between infection-induced apoptosis and a Th17 immune response
Authors: Brereton Corinna F , Blander J Magarian 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTMicrobial pathogens can initiate MOMP in host cells and as such, initiate the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Innate immune recognition of cells dying in this way by infection-induced apoptosis would involve recognition of ligands derived from the apoptotic host cell simultaneously with those derived from the infecting pathogen. The resultant signal transduction pathways engaged direct DCs to concomitantly synthesize TGF-β and IL-6, two cytokines that subsequently favor the differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells into Th17 cells. Citrobacter rodentium is one rodent pathogen that targets mitochondria and induces apoptosis, and blockade of apoptosis during enteric Citrobacter infection impairs the characteristic Th17 response in the intestinal LP. Here, we review these original findings. We discuss microbial infections other than Citrobacter that have been shown to induce Th17 responses, and we examine what is known about the ability of those pathogens to induce apoptosis. We also consider types of cell death other than apoptosis that can be triggered by microbial infection, and we highlight how little we know about the impact of various forms of cell death on the ensuing adaptive immune response.
Differential internalization of hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine by NK and tumor cell: impact on conjugation, cytotoxicity, and targeting
Authors: Buhtoiarov Ilia N , Neal Zane C , Gan Jacek , Buhtoiarova Tatiana N , Patankar Manish S , Gubbels Jennifer A A , Hank Jacquelyn A , Yamane Brett , Rakhmilevich Alexander L , Reisfeld Ralph A , Gillies Stephen D , Sondel Paul M 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThe hu14.18-IL2 (EMD 273063) IC, consisting of a GD2-specific mAb genetically engineered to two molecules of IL-2, is in clinical trials for treatment of GD2-expressing tumors. Anti-tumor activity of IC in vivo and in vitro involves NK cells. We studied the kinetics of retention of IC on the surface of human CD25+CD16– NK cell lines (NKL and RL12) and GD2+ M21 melanoma after IC binding to the cells via IL-2R and GD2, respectively. For NK cells, ∼50% of IC was internalized by 3 h and ∼90% by 24 h of cell culture. The decrease of surface IC levels on NK cells correlated with the loss of their ability to bind to tumor cells and mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro. Unlike NK cells, M21 cells retained ∼70% of IC on the surface following 24 h of culture and maintained the ability to become conjugated and lysed by NK cells. When NKL cells were injected into M21-bearing SCID mice, IT delivery of IC augmented NK cell migration into the tumor. These studies demonstrate that once IC binds to the tumor, it is present on the tumor surface for a prolonged time, inducing the recruitment of NK cells to the tumor site, followed by tumor cell killing.
Spatiotemporal photolabeling of neutrophil trafficking during inflammation in live zebrafish
Authors: Yoo Sa Kan , Huttenlocher Anna 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTHow neutrophils traffic during inflammation in vivo remains elusive. To visualize the origin and fate of neutrophils during induction and resolution of inflammation, we established a genetically encoded photolabeling system by generating transgenic zebrafish that express a photoconvertible fluorescent reporter Dendra2 in neutrophils. Spatiotemporal photolabeling of neutrophils in vivo demonstrates that they emerge from the hematopoietic tissue in close proximity to injured tissue and repeat forward and reverse migration between the wound and the vasculature. Subsequently, neutrophils disperse throughout the body as wound-healing proceeds, contributing to local resolution at injured tissue and systemic dissemination of wound-sensitized neutrophils. Tissue damage also alters the fate of neutrophils in the caudal hematopoietic tissue and promotes caudorostral mobilization of neutrophils via the circulation to the cephalic mesenchyme. This work provides new insight into neutrophil behaviors during inflammation and resolution within a multicellular organism.
The rat NK cell receptors Ly49s4 and Ly49i4 recognize nonclassical MHC-I molecules onListeria monocytogenes-infected macrophages
Authors: Shegarfi Hamid , Dai Ke-Zheng , Daws Michael R , Ryan James C , Vaage John T , Rolstad Bent , Naper Christian 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTLy49 receptors in rodents, like KIRs in humans, regulate NK cell activity. Although inhibitory Ly49 receptors clearly recognize MHC-I molecules, ligands for the activating Ly49 receptors are less well defined. Here, we show that the activating Ly49s4 and the inhibitory Ly49i4 receptors recognize nonclassical MHC-I molecules on the rat macrophage cell line R2 (RT1d). Listeria infection of R2 macrophages led to increased expression of classical and nonclassical MHC-I molecules. Coincubation of these infected cells with reporter cells expressing Ly49i4 or Ly49s4 increased the reporter cell responses. These responses were blocked by mAb OX18 (anti-MHC-I) and AAS1 (anti-nonclassical MHC-I). IFN-γ treatment of normal R2 cells also increased the MHC-I expression and enhanced the reporter cell responses. These results suggest that activating and inhibitory Ly49 receptors monitor MHC-I expression on Listeria-infected cells.
Caregivers of Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury: The Emotional Impact of Transition From Hospital to Home
Authors: Turner Ben , Fleming Jennifer , Parry Julie , Vromans Monique , Cornwell Petrea , Gordon Cassandra , Ownsworth Tamara 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPrimary Objective:To explore levels of depression, anxiety, stress and strain symptomatology experienced by caregivers of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the phase of transition from hospital to home.Research Design: Prospective study with data collected at three time-points: pre-discharge, 1-month post-discharge, and 3-months post-discharge.Methods and Procedures: Twenty-nine caregivers of adults with TBI (mean age 48 years), recruited on patient discharge from rehabilitation, completed the Caregiver Strain Index and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale at the three time points.Results: Pairedttests showed significantly lower levels of caregiver strain at one month compared to pre-discharge, and significantly less strain and depression symptoms at 3-month follow-up compared to pre-discharge. Non-significant reductions were observed in level of stress and anxiety across the follow-up time points. Independent groupttests found that female caregivers experienced greater strain than male caregivers at 3 months post-discharge, and caregivers who were immediate family members of the patient experienced greater anxiety than those who were spouses/partners of the patient at 1-month follow-up.Conclusions: The rate of depressive symptoms in caregivers of people with TBI was greater than the general population, and strain was prevalent during the transition period. The results suggest more specific caregiver support and preparation is needed before patient discharge from hospital, and that adequate time spent in rehabilitation is beneficial for caregiver wellbeing.
People Under 50 With Acquired Brain Injury Living in Residential Aged Care
Authors: Winkler Dianne , Sloan Sue , Callaway Libby 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this article is to describe the characteristics, needs and preferences of people under 50 with an acquired brain injury (ABI) living in residential aged care in Victoria and examine implications for service development.Participants:Sixty-one people under 50 with an ABI living in residential aged care in the state of Victoria.Measures:Care and Needs Scale, Community Integration Questionnaire, Overt Behaviour Scale, Health of the Nation Outcome Scale — ABI Version, Role Checklist, Resident Choice Scale.Results:The younger people with ABI in this study were a diverse group with a complex range of health and support needs that were not being adequately met within residential aged care. Many people (44%) required the highest level of support, indicating they could not be left alone while 26% could be left for part of the day and overnight. Most people (81%) and their support networks indicated they would like to explore moving out from residential aged care into community accommodation settings.Conclusions:This article provides clear direction for the development of services to meet the care needs of this group, to enable them to participate in the life of the community and to pursue a lifestyle of choice.
Potentiometric Titration as an Alternative Technique for the Determination of the Iodine Value in Biodiesel Matrix from Palm Oil
Authors: Leal R. V. P. , Borges P. P. , Seidl P. R. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The specification of biodiesel is related to factors associated with its quality as a fuel. The iodine value as one of those quality parameters measures the degree of unsaturation present in a biodiesel composition. The unsaturated fatty acids (existence of double bonds) are susceptible to the oxidation reactions that can lead to the formation of polymeric compounds by heating. Moreover, these polymeric compounds can produce gum formation, which is detrimental to the vehicle engine due to its corrosive actions. For determining the iodine value in biodiesel, the standardized procedures use volumetric titration—with starch as an indicator—as the main technique for iodine value measurement. Some of these procedures also mention potentiometric titration as an alternative technique. This work aims to show the results of the iodine value obtained from an experimental design based on 23 factorial designs at two levels. It was performed on a biodiesel matrix from palm oil in order to indicate major trends as well as a direction to choose the best alternative to determine the iodine value for developing certified reference materials by Inmetro, the Brazilian Metrology Institute. Three variables were studied: two qualitative variables—the titration techniques (volumetric and potentiometric) and the solvent used to dilute the biodiesel—and one quantitative variable, the temperature. There were no significant differences between the two techniques used, though it was not the case for variables such as solvent and temperature. Therefore, the potentiometric technique has shown better quality in the determination of the iodine value when compared to the volumetric technique. The relative standard deviations presented by the potentiometric titration were from 0.04 % to 0.32 %. On the other hand, the volumetric titration presented relative standard deviations ranging from 0.25 % to 1.03 %.
Damage and Wear: An Important Distinction in Rotating Platform Knee Bearings
Authors: Currier John H. , Porter Emily C. , Mayor Michael B. , Collier John P. , Van Citters Douglas W. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Rotating platform mobile bearing knees are an appealing approach to the problems of tibial loosening and rotational malignment in fixed bearing knees. A potential disadvantage is the additional large articular surface that accommodates tibio-femoral rotation. Accurately assessing the tribological performance of this additional articular surface is important to understanding how mobile bearings perform in terms of generating polyethylene wear debris and associated osteolysis. A series of 76 retrieved Sigma Rotating Platform bearings were assessed for damage rating according to conventional protocol and through-thickness wear measurements were taken. The results show that the rotation surface of these bearings is very commonly subject to moderate and severe damage and that damage can occur early following implantation. The decrease of the through-thickness dimension is strongly correlated with time in vivo. The rotation surface damage rating shows a weak though statistically significant correlation to through-thickness wear. Three dimensional surface profilometry on the bearings illuminates phenomena that can explain the paradoxical observations that severely damaged bearings may not be worn and worn bearing areas are smoother and show less damage than unworn areas. This study finds that bearing damage is distinct from bearing wear and the two terms are not interchangeable in the context of assessing material loss from artificial knee bearings. While both processes are important in the tribology of knee devices, it is not accurate to use damage on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene as a proxy for wear.
An Approach on Damage Detection of Beams Using Operational and Numerical Modal Analyses
Authors: Türker Temel , Bayraktar Alemdar 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The study presents an application of a damage detection approach for beam like structures that is based on both operational and numerical modal analyses results obtained from undamaged and damaged cases of a structure. The effectiveness of this approach is assessed by performing investigations on a column model. In the first step of this approach, the damaged member of the column is determined by comparing the mode shapes of the undamaged and damaged cases. For this purpose, the changes on the vectors defined as the differences between the undamaged and damaged mode shapes for each mode are observed. It is assumed that the abrupt change in these vectors shows the existence of the damage. In the second step, the numerical model of the column is created and calibrated according to the experimental results obtained from the undamaged case. To find the damaged section, a step-by-step analysis on the pre-identified member of the column model is performed numerically. For this reason, the natural frequencies obtained from the numerical modal analyses of the column for the damaged case are compared with the experimental results. The minimum difference between the numerical and experimental results indicates the presence of the damage on this section. The approach used in this study provides an important contribution that the number of structural members to be analyzed is limited instead of analyzing all structural members.
Six Sigma Based Control Chart for Fraction Defectives
Authors: Radhakrishnan R. , Balamurugan P. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
A control chart is a statistical device used for the study and control of a repetitive process. W. A. Shewart (1931) of Bell Telephone Laboratories suggested control charts based on three sigma limits. Now the companies in developed and developing countries started applying Six Sigma initiatives in their manufacturing process, which results in a lesser number of defects. The companies practicing Six Sigma initiatives are expected to produce 3.4 or less number of defects per million opportunities, a concept suggested by Motorola (1980). If the companies practicing Six Sigma initiatives use the control limits suggested by Shewhart, then no point falls outside the control limits because of the improvement in the quality of the process. In this paper, an attempt is made to construct a Six Sigma based control chart for fraction defectives specially designed for the companies applying Six Sigma initiatives in their organization. Suitable tables are also constructed and presented for engineers to take quick decisions.
Modification of Perioral Stiffness in Patients with Repaired Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Barlow Steven M. , Trotman Carroll-Ann , Chu Shin-Ying , Lee Jaehoon 
Published: January 2011

Objective To measure and compare the perioral stiffness among three groups of pediatric subjects: a group of patients with a repaired cleft lip (and palate) who had a secondary lip revision surgery (revision), another group of patients with repaired cleft lip (and palate) who did not have secondary surgery (nonrevision), and a group of noncleft “normal” patients (noncleft). Design A parallel, three-group, nonrandomized clinical trial. Participants A total of 16 patients with repaired cleft lip/palate who did not have lip revision, 13 patients with repaired cleft lip/palate who had lip revision surgery and were tested at 18 to 24 months postsurgery, and 27 noncleft patients. Analysis Nonparticipatory perioral stiffness was sampled using a recently developed face-referenced measurement technology known as OroSTIFF. Perioral stiffness, derived as a quotient from resultant force and interangle lip span, was modeled with multilevel regression techniques. Real-time calculation of the perioral stiffness function demonstrated a significant quadratic relation between imposed interangle stretch and resultant force for each of the three groups. Results This nonlinear stiffness growth function was significantly elevated in the nonrevision patients compared with the noncleft controls and is likely due to the presence of scar tissue in the upper lip; it was significantly lower among patients with cleft lip/palate who completed lip revision surgery. Conclusion This study demonstrates the efficacy of applying an objective measurement to map differences in perioral tissue biomechanics among patients born with orofacial clefts.
Comparative analysis of algal biodiversity in the rivers of Israel
Authors: Barinova Sophia , Petrov Alexey , Nevo Eviatar 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Comparative analysis of algal communities in the rivers of Israel was completed to highlight the influence of environmental variables on biodiversity. The study revealed that 671 species of algae and cyanobacteria belonging to nine taxonomic divisions were present during 2002–2009 in the Yarqon, Alexander, Hadera, Qishon, Oren, Lower and Upper Jordan, and Zin rivers. The species richness of each river was evaluated by taxonomic structural comparison, geobotanical, hierarchical cluster analysis, and the degree of relatedness for different levels of taxonomic resolution. The analysis revealed close similarity of the Upper Jordan and Oren rivers. The average taxonomic distinctness index showed that the Yarqon, Oren, Upper Jordan, and Qishon communities were partly degraded due to permanent environmental disturbances. The variation in taxonomic distinctness index showed that the Alexander, Yarqon and Hadera communities were formed not only due to anthropogenic factors but also through long-term climatic impact. The most abundant indicator species inhabit low streaming and standing alkaline waters of medium salinity and low to medium organic pollution. The statistical approaches allowed discrimination between climatic and anthropogenic factors that impact upon the riverine biodiversity in semi-arid environments. Analysis shows the influence of anthropogenic factors was strongly modulated by climatic impacts causing a marked decease of species richness from north to south.
Richness and diversity of Pontic flora on serpentine of Serbia
Authors: Jakovljević Ksenija , Lakušić Dmitar , Vukojičić Snežana , Tomović Gordana , Šinžar-Sekulić Jasmina , Stevanović Vladimir 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Serpentine substrate in Serbia covers wide areas mainly in Kosovo and in central, western and south-western part of the country. On the serpentines of Serbia, particularly on the skeleton soils of hills and on lower elevation mountain slopes, there are some xerophilous and steppe-like vegetations. These xerophilous grasslands include mostly Pontic, Pontic-Submediterranean and/or Mediterranean-Submediterranean-Pontic plants. The distribution of 161 taxa of Pontic, Pontic-Submediterranean and Mediterranean-Submediterranean-Pontic areal — types on serpentinites of Serbia was analyzed in order to distinguish centers of richness and diversity. The distribution of taxa was analyzed with respect to geographic, ecological and climatic factors. The qualitative composition of Pontic flora on the serpentine areas was also compared. The greatest floristic richness and the center of diversity of Pontic flora on serpentine of Serbia was recorded in central part of the area investigated.
Major axis approach to the statistical analysis of the relative growth of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in the Odra estuary (Poland)
Authors: Giosa Marcello , Czerniejewski Przemysław 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
A total of 379 individuals of Eriocheir sinensis (198 males and 181 females) were captured in the Odra estuary (Poland). The crabs were thawed and their carapace length (CL), the maximum carapace width (CW) and the maximum height (CH) were measured. Measurements were also taken on each claw, the claw length (CHL1, the right claw; CHL2, the left claw), the width (CHW1 and CHW2 for the right and the left claw, respectively), and the height (CHH1 and CHH2 for the right and the left claw). For each crab, the wet weight was measured for each of the following body components: the whole crab (CrWe), the carapace (CaWe), the right claw (WRC) and the left claw (WLC). For females, the relationship between CL and CW, CH and CW were isometric, and for all linear measures, the relationship with CW was positively allometric. For males only this first relationship was isometric, but others were positively allometric. The differences between relative growth parameters for males and females were statistically significant.