bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of MRI in selecting patients for breast conserving therapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Authors: Straver ME , Loo CE , Vrancken-Peeters MT , Rutgers EJ , Gilhuijs K 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #4006
Introduction: Accurate assessment of the extent of residual breast cancer is crucial for the surgical planning after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Compared to conventional imaging, MRI shows superior ability to monitor tumor response. Nonetheless, controversy exists about the precision of MRI to visualize disease extent after NAC. The aim of this study was to determine which variables influence the accuracy of MRI.&#x2028; Methods: Retrospective analysis of 130 patients treated with NAC. Contrast-enhanced MRI studies were performed on a 1.5-T scanner with a dedicated breast coil before, during and after NAC. The outcome parameters were the accuracy of the estimation of tumor size on final MRI and the accuracy in predicting the ability to perform breast conserving therapy (BCT). Tumor size on the final MRI was therefore compared to residual tumor size on pathology. Discrepancy &lt;10 mm between MRI and pathology was defined as correct prediction. Patients with a tumor size &lt;30 mm on MRI were considered indicative for BCT. The MRI indication for BCT was compared with the surgical treatment feasible based on size on pathology.&#x2028; Results: In 61/130 patients (47%) the difference between size on MRI and size on pathology was &gt;10 mm. In 50% (n=32) this discrepancy between pathology and MRI would lead to different surgical treatment. Based on the MRI indication for BCT, 19 patients would have unjustly undergone BCT (disease extent at MRI &lt;30 mm and disease extent at pathology &gt;30 mm). In 13 patients MRI alone would have led to mastectomy (extent &gt;30 mm) while the actual extent at pathology was &lt;30 mm. Thus, MRI accurately indicated selection of surgical treatment in 98 patients (75%). Inaccurate indication (25%) was caused by underestimation as well as overestimation of disease extent. Variables significantly influencing the accuracy of MRI were type of lesion on baseline MRI, pattern of tumor decline, histological and molecular subtype.&#x2028; &#x2028; Conclusions: The results show the strengths and limitations in monitoring tumor response with MRI. For preoperative assessment the final MRI should be evaluated with the knowledge of the baseline MRI and the molecular and histological subtype.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4006.
Comparative analysis of high resolution synchrotron radiation images of fibrocystic change and breast cancer.
Authors: Park SH , Lee JH , Bong JG , Kim JG , Kim KH , Sang HJ , Youn HS 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #4009
Background: Synchrotron radiation imaging enables us to observe detailed microscopic structures of a biologic sample without staining. If synchrotron imaging can reveal microstructures of breast tissues with various pathologic conditions effectively, this may be used for clinical purposes related to diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases. We attempted to get high resolution x-ray microscopic images of human breast tissues of fibrocystic change and breast cancer using zone plates and phase contrast technique, and compared distinctive features of breast tissues of these conditions seen in synchrotron images.&#x2028; Material and Methods: X-ray microscopic images were obtained from the Beam line 1B2 of Pohang Light Source, the third generation synchrotron radiation facility with operating energy of 2.5 GeV at Pohang, South Korea. The x-ray was set at 11.1 KeV, and the beam was monochromatized by W/B4C monochromator. The condenser and microscopic objective zone plates were used as x-ray lenses. Formalin-fixed 10 μm thick human breast tissues were attached on Kapton film, and positioned 25 m away from the beam source. Zernike phase plate next to the condenser zone plate was applied for phase contrast imaging. The magnified x-ray image was converted into a visual image on the CsI(TI) scintillation crystal and captured by a full frame CCD camera. The obtained synchrotron images of fibrocystic change and breast cancer tissues were analyzed and compared to one another.&#x2028; Results: High resolution x-ray microscopic images of fibrocystic change and breast cancer tissues with a spatial resolution of 60 nm were obtained. The synchrotron images of fibrocystic change showed a harmonious framework of breast tissues with profuse glandular structures and various collagen strands. However, the synchrotron images of breast cancer tissues revealed altered breast parenchyma with architectural distortion and extensive fibrosis. The collagen strands were thickened, interrupted and irregularly oriented. The glandular elements and ductal structures were atrophic or lost.&#x2028; Discussion: The synchrotron images of breast cancer reveal severe alteration of breast parenchyma, collagen strands and glandular structures, compared to those of fibrocystic change. These changes are important features of breast cancer seen in high resolution synchrotron images.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4009.
Invasive and non-invasive breast cancer can be distinguished from normal mammary gland or benign breast tumor by apparent diffusion coefficient in magnetic resonance imaging.
Authors: Ishii M , Kimijima I , Suzuki M 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #4011
Introduction: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) has become increasingly important in the diagnosis of breast cancer and evaluation of the area to be resected. However, large amounts of information are buried in plain MRI, including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). This study measured ADC for normal breast tissue, benign breast tumor and malignant breast tumor, and tested the ability to differentiate malignant lesions from benign breast tumor or normal mammary gland.&#x2028; Patients and Methods: ADC was measured for 122 consecutive patients who visited our institute with breast abnormality from January 2007. Malignant breast tumor was diagnosed in 101 patients (invasive breast cancer, n=81; non-invasive cancer, n=20) and 21 patients displayed benign breast tumor (n=11) or normal mammary gland (n=10). A 3.0-T MRI system was used in this study and the motion-providing gradient added was 0 and 1000 s/mm2.&#x2028; Results: Mean ADC for the 101 breast cancer patients was 0.939±0.225 10-3 mm2/s, lower than that of the 26 benign or normal patients, at 1.247±0.269 10-3 mm2/s (p&gt;0.0001, t test). Among breast cancers, mean ADC was 0.892±0.021 10-3 mm2/s for invasive lesions and 1.081±0.247 10-3 mm2/s for ductal carcinoma in situ. Each showed significantly lower ADC than benign or normal breast tissues (p&gt;0.0001 each). Three cases of micro-papillary cancer were identified, and this type of cancer is known to display a worse prognosis. Mean ADC for these cases was 0.660±0.089 10-3 mm2/s, lower than the average for breast cancer. Furthermore, mean ADC in 46 cancer cases with histological grade II III was 0.857 10-3 mm2/s, lower than that of the 23cases with grade I tumor, at 1.023 10-3 mm2/s (p=0.0029).&#x2028; Conclusion: This study revealed that even non-invasive breast cancer can be distinguished from benign lesions by ADC. As ADC can be obtained rapidly without use of contrast enhancers, this approach has potential for application in breast screening. Furthermore, as aggressive cancers such as invasive micropapillary cancer or high-grade cancer show low ADC, use of ADC values as potential prognostic markers should be investigated.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4011.
Correlation between kinetic features on breast MRI computer-aided detection (CAD) and prognostic factors of breast cancer.
Authors: Kim H , Kim H , Shin H , Lee J , Ko M , Moon J 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #4015
The purpose of this study was to correlate the kinetic features of breast MR computer-aided detection (CAD) with the prognostic factors of breast cancer.&#x2028; A total of 65 patients were included in our study from December 2007 to March 2008. We reviewed kinetic features of MR CAD such as proportion of initial rapid rise enhancement, percentage of washout, and enhancement patterns. We also recorded prognostic factors such as tumor size, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER-2/neu status, lymphovascular invasion, and histologic grade on pathology. We correlated the kinetic features on MR CAD with prognostic factors. Pearson and Spearman correlation test were used to evaluate correlation between kinetic features and tumor size. Fisher exact test also used for the statistical analysis between kinetic features and other prognostic factors.&#x2028; In 65 cases, 59 cases showed rapid washout enhancement patterns, 5 cases showed rapid plateau pattern and only one case showed medium plateau. Tumor size showed correlation with the initial rapid rise enhancement (p=0.03) on Pearson correlation test and the delayed washout percentage (p=0.05) on Spearman correlation test.&#x2028; Positive progesterone receptor status was significantly associated with rapid early enhancement (p=0.023) and delayed washout (p=0.05), respectively. HER-2/neu status showed trend with the early enhancement (p=0.063). Other prognostic factors such as estrogen receptor, lymphovascular invasion and histologic grade showed no significant correlation with the kinetic features on MR CAD.&#x2028; Several kinetic features on MR CAD were correlated with the specific prognostic factors of breast cancer. Recognition of several kinetic features correlated with prognostic factors might help to predict of patients' prognosis and to decide the treatment plan.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4015.
The ability of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging to predict actual pathologic tumor size in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer.
Authors: Vallow L , Mclaughlin S , Hines S , McDonough M , Geiger X , Christopher S 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #4018
Background: Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to identify occult breast disease in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. We sought to determine the accuracy of MRI in predicting the actual pathologic tumor size in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer.&#x2028; Methods: Preoperative breast MRI was reviewed in 460 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. The size in terms of maximum tumor dimension, of 476 incident breast cancers on MRI were recorded and correlated with the actual pathologic size upon surgical resection. The correlation of size from MRI to pathology was determined. The size discrepancy was analyzed in relation to tumor size and histology.&#x2028; Results: MRI demonstrated 476 breast cancers (460 in the ipsilateral breast and 16 with concurrent contralateral breast cancer). Median age was 62 with a range of 25 to 91. The T stages of the population included T0 in 19% of the women, 60% had T1 lesions, 18% had T2 lesions and 3% were T3 or T4. The histology consisted of DCIS alone in 20%, infiltrating ductal in 74% and infiltrating lobular in 6%. Pre-operative MRI was unable to define an enhancing lesion usually due to hematoma following core needle biopsy in 9.8% (47/476). MRI described the size of the incident lesion in 90% (429/476). The mean difference in size between the preoperative MRI and the actual pathologic size for the entire group was 2.4 mm. MRI underestimated tumor size in only 3% of cases. The mean difference according to T stage and histology between MRI and actual pathologic size is listed in Table 1. The percentage of difference between MRI size and pathologic size for the entire group is presented in Table 2.&#x2028; &#x2028; &#x2028; &#x2028; Discussion: The mean difference in tumor size estimated by preoperative MRI in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer was within 5 mm of the actual pathologic size in 68% of patients. MRI was accurate in predicting T stage with no significant difference in relation to histology or T stage. This analysis further clarifies the role of preoperative MRI in surgical and treatment planning.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4018.
The utility of preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging in invasive breast cancer according to HER2 status.
Authors: McLaughlin SA , Vallow LA , Hines SL , Tan W 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #4020
Background: HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer accounts for 20% of all breast cancer and is an independent adverse prognostic factor. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to identify additional mammographically occult ipsilateral (I/L) and contralateral (C/L) disease, however indications for preoperative MRI in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer are not standardized. While invasive lobular cancer, younger patient age, and increased breast density have been suggested as routine indications, the role of preoperative MRI according to HER2 status has not been evaluated.&#x2028; Methods: All patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent preoperative MRI between January 2003 and December 2007 were reviewed. Retrospective chart review was performed to collect clinical, radiographic, and pathologic data. The incidence of additional I/L or C/L malignacy was calculated. Additionally, changes in surgical management because of MRI findings were recorded.&#x2028; Results: Of the 401 women with invasive breast cancer undergoing preoperative breast MRI, 51 (13%) had HER2+ tumors. The average age at the time of MRI was similar in both groups. HER2+ patients were more likely to have nodal disease, and tumors with higher rates of lymphovascular invasion or extensive intraductal components.&#x2028; &#x2028; When compared to HER2- patients, more HER2+ patients had additional ipsilateral MRI abnormalities. A second ipsilateral cancer was found in 31% of HER2+ patients compared to 25% of HER2- patients. When analyzed according to ER status, HER2+/ ER- patients were more likely to have an additional site of cancer compared to HER2+/ER+ patients (42% vs 23%). Conversely, among HER2- patients, rates of additional ipsilateral cancer were similar for HER2-/ER+ (26%) and HERr2-/ER- (23%) patients. Of the 216 patients (HER2+ and HER2-) with additional ipsilateral MRI findings (benign or malignant), 125/216 (58%) patients were deemed appropriate breast conservation (BCT) candidates after MRI. However, BCT was only chosen in 84/125 (67%) patients. Additional contralateral disease was documented in 8% of HER2+ versus 5% of HER2- patients.&#x2028; Conclusions: HER2 positivity remains and important prognostic factor for women with breast cancer. Indications for routine preoperative MRI are unclear. In patients with newly diagnosed Her2+ invasive breast cancer routine preoperative MRI may be valuable in the subset of patients who are also ER-. Further study is needed to determine the influence of MRI on patient decisions for surgical therapy.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4020.
The role of FDG-PET for preoperative evaluation of regional lymph node metastases in locally advanced breast cancer.
Authors: Seo J , Son B , An S 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #4021
Backgound: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of FDG-PET in detecting regional lymph node metastases in locally advanced breast cancer.&#x2028; Methods: FDG-PET was performed in 114 women with locally advanced breast cancer. Among them, 7 were with primary tumor larger than 5cm, 18 were with inflammatory breast cancer, and 89 were with clinically palpable axillary lymph node metastases. FDG uptakes of axillary, internal mammary, and supraclavicular lymph node were correlated by comparing pathologic and radiographic findings.&#x2028; Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of FDG-PET for detection of axillary lymph node metastases in 83 patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 91%, 33.3 % and 94.7% respectively. Among the 83 patients, 4 were with false-negative and 6 were with false-positive. Those for detection of axillary lymph node metastases in 12 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 55.6%, 100%, and 100% respectively, and 4 of them were with false-negative and no one was with false-positive results. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of combined assessment of clinical examination and ultrasound scan on axillary node metastases were 92.1% and 93.3% in 81 patients. Those of combined assessment of clinical examination, ultrasound scan, and PET were 100% and 95.7% in 69 patients. FDG uptake in internal mammary node was seen in 14 out of 114 patients (12.2%). The positive predictive value of FDG-PET for detection of internal mammary metastases in 9 patients with pathologic confirmation was 75%. 6 of them were with true-positive, 2 were with false-positive, and 1 was false-negative. Among the 6 true positive patients, 3 were not detected internal mammary metastases in ultrasound scan. FDG uptake in the supraclavicular node was seen in 22 out of 114 patients (19.2%). The positive predictive value of FDG-PET for detection of supraclavicular metastases in 12 patients with pathologic confirmation was 58.3%. 7 of them were with true –positive and 5 were with false-positive. 1 of 7 true-positive patients was not detected supraclavicular lymph node metastases in ultrasound scan.&#x2028; Conclusions: The sensitivity of FDG-PET for detection of axillary lymph node metastases was higher than that of FDG-PET for detection of internal mammary or supraclavicular lymph node. The addition of FDG-PET to standard work-up of locally advanced breast cancer patients could provide a more precise evaluation of regional lymph node metastases. Positive combined assessment of clinical examination, ultrasound scan and PET on axillary node metastases also could be an indication for full ALND without SNB.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4021.
Tumor volume analysis in clinical oncology.
Authors: Gordon AB , Stebbing J , Coombes C 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #4023
Background: RECIST 'Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors' uses the longest diameter to measure Partial Response (PR), Stable Disease (SD) and Progressive Disease (PD). When the diameter of a sphere doubles the volume increases eight times (Volume = 4/3 Π r3). We have previously proposed that data be expressed as volume in cubic centimetres rather than as longest diameter in centimetres. (Poster 2021 SABCS 2007) Ref 1.&#x2028; Method: To investigate this further we assessed 56 patients from a primary breast cancer therapeutic trial. We then compared traditional RECIST measurements with our Tumor Volume Analysis TVA using a new device LCD calculator, (patent applied for number GB244189), which has three separate programs. (1) calculation of the volume of a mass in one or two or three diameters or dimensions. (2) volume comparison between a first and second mass shown as a difference in cubic centimetres or percentage. (3) diameter comparison as RECIST between a first and second mass shown as a difference in centimetres or percentage.&#x2028; Results: When data are expressed as volume in cubic centimetres the response levels are higher in percentage terms. A RECIST PR of 30% becomes volume PR of 66% Table 1. Table 2 demonstrates data we have obtained using a previous study Ref 2. When the diameter is converted into volume the response levels are higher, which was statistically significant (p&lt; 0.05).&#x2028; Tumor Volume Analysis: A one dimensional sphere of 3cm in diameter has a volume of 14.14 cubic centimetres. A bidimensional ellipse of 3cm x 2cm has a volume of 6.28 cubic centimetres. A date shaped tri-dimensional mass 3cm x 2cm x 1cm has a volume of 3.14 cubic centimetres.&#x2028; Conclusions: This demonstrates the importance of providing three dimensional measurements of a tumor. This is particularly the case in serial measurements when treatment effects are being monitored.&#x2028; Ref 1 SABCS Breast Cancer Volume 106 Supplement 1 December 2007 PPS1-S302 S91&#x2028; Ref 2 Polychronis et al. Lancet Oncology Volume 6, June 2005 383-391.&#x2028; &#x2028; &#x2028; &#x2028;
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4023.
Evaluation of breast cancer using magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion sequence.
Authors: Pérez Carrión R , Salinas Hernández P , Martínez de la Vega V , Recio Rodríguez M 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #4026
The diffusion is a physical property that describes the microscopic random movement of molecules in response to termal energy. The diffusion may be affect by biophysical properties of tissues: cellular density, tumor structure (necrosis, edema), and microcirculation.&#x2028; We have made a quantitative analysis of the images of diffusion, calculating the coefficient of apparent diffusion (ADC) that reflects the capacity of specific diffusion of the tissue. The ADC is an objective parameter that can be used to characterize the tissues. It measures the displacement in unit of time (mm2/sec).&#x2028; In malignant tumors the barriers to the diffusion are increased (high hypercellularity) and therefore, the diffusion is restricted, which is translated as low values of ADC.&#x2028; We present 30 cases of infiltrating breast carcinoma, studied by sequence of diffusion SE EPI (TR 6500 msec; TE 85 msec; Matrix 128 x 80, NEX 6, Thickness 7 mm, GAP 3 mm, Value b 600 mm2/sec. AXIAL 38 courts 2 min 37 sec).&#x2028; In malignant tumors the ADC is minor of 1,1 x 10-3 and is lower than that of benign injuries and normal tissue fibroglandular.&#x2028; The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) are:&#x2028; • Cancer: 1,03 ± 0,23 x 103 mm2/sec.&#x2028; • Fibroadenoma: 1,74 ± 0,16 x 103 mm2/sec.&#x2028; • Cyst: 2,17 ± 0,25 x 103 mm2/sec.&#x2028; • Fibroglandular tissue: 1,83 ± 0,25 x 103 mm2/sec.&#x2028; Also we present 10 patients in whom we have used the ADC in the follow-up of the chemotherapy treatment. We have confirmed that the early increase of the ADC shows correlation with good response.&#x2028; We attach the example of a patient.&#x2028; Breast MR difussion: evaluation of chemotherapy response.&#x2028; &#x2028; Good evolution: rapid increse of ADC.&#x2028; In the scientific meeting we will present the results.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4026.