bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diel changes in resource use and diet overlap in temperate stream fishes
Authors: Nakagawa Hikaru , Yamane Hideyuki , Yasugi Masaki , Fujita Tomohiko , Yokoi Kenichi , Ashiwa Hiroshi , Kitada Naoki , Takano Hiroki , Suzuki Noriyasu , Kishimoto Junpei , Maeda Hajime , Yamano Hitomi , Ito Takehiko , Maruyama Hiroaki , Tominaga Koji , Hatakeyama Emi , Goto Motoyasu , Takahashi Daisuke 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInterspecific variation in diel‐scale temporal niches is common in natural communities. Such variation changes population dynamics via effects on the growth and reproduction of individuals. Also at the community level, theory predicts that animals can reduce competition for shared resources by changing diel activity in certain situations. However, the role of diel activity at the community‐level has not been examined sufficiently. In this study, to examine whether the diel‐scale temporal niche act as a competition‐mitigating mechanism for stream fishes at the community level, we surveyed diel changes in microhabitat use and foraging, and the pattern of interspecific diet overlap in the middle reaches of a temperate stream where various fish species that seemed to be either nocturnal or diurnal coexisted. Our results suggest that the fishes forage during both daytime and night, but change their foraging mode at different times of the day, so that the foraging habits of these fish species cannot be divided simply into nocturnal and diurnal. Furthermore, fishes appeared to aggregate in the vicinity of common food resources during time zones with high availability of the resources, and therefore, inter‐guild diet overlap was high during certain time zones. On the other hand, when inter‐guild diet overlap was low, each fish species used foods or microhabitats that did not any have the potential to be used by species of another guild. Therefore, we conclude that variation in diel niche use is influenced by variation in the fundamental niche and food supply or availability rather than by competitive interaction between fishes in the stream fish community.
Cross‐shelf thermal variability in southern Lake Michigan during the stratified periods
Authors: Troy Cary D. , Ahmed Sultan , Hawley Nathan , Goodwell Allison 
Published: December 2011

Results from a field experiment in southern Lake Michigan are used to quantify the cross‐shelf nearshore variability in Great Lakes temperatures during the stratified season. The experiment was conducted along the Indiana coast of southern Lake Michigan, with temperature and velocity moorings arranged in a cross‐shelf transect that extended to approximately 20 km from shore (40 m depth). The field site is noteworthy because of its location at the end of a major axis of an elliptical Great Lake, the relatively mild bathymetric slope, and local shoreline orientation that is perpendicular relative to the dominant summer winds. Measurements demonstrate that the location of the thermocline‐bottom intersection is highly variable, causing a wide zone of extreme thermal variability in the nearshore region with time scales of variability ranging from hours to months. Near‐inertial internal Poincaré waves are shown to cause large thermocline excursions but primarily only during periods of elevated activity. Several full upwelling events were observed, but in general, they were brief, lasting only 1–2 days, and had very limited spatial extent (2.5 km or less). Nonetheless, the offshore extent of the upwelling front was shown to be reasonably estimated with a simple estimate of the cross‐shelf transport caused by alongshore wind events. A persistent feature that determined the zone of elevated thermal variability (the thermocline‐shelf intersection point) was the strongly tilted thermocline, which resulted in the thermocline being located very close to shore. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that internal Kelvin waves affect thermal variability at the study location.
Statistical extraction of volcanic sulphate from nonpolar ice cores
Authors: Moore J. C. , Beaudon E. , Kang Shichang , Divine D. , Isaksson E. , Pohjola V. A. , van de Wal R. S. W. 
Published: December 2011

Ice cores from outside the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are difficult to date because of seasonal melting and multiple sources (terrestrial, marine, biogenic and anthropogenic) of sulfates deposited onto the ice. Here we present a method of volcanic sulfate extraction that relies on fitting sulfate profiles to other ion species measured along the cores in moving windows in log space. We verify the method with a well dated section of the Belukha ice core from central Eurasia. There are excellent matches to volcanoes in the preindustrial, and clear extraction of volcanic peaks in the post‐1940 period when a simple method based on calcium as a proxy for terrestrial sulfate fails due to anthropogenic sulfate deposition. We then attempt to use the same statistical scheme to locate volcanic sulfate horizons within three ice cores from Svalbard and a core from Mount Everest. Volcanic sulfate is <5% of the sulfate budget in every core, and differences in eruption signals extracted reflect the large differences in environment between western, northern and central regions of Svalbard. The Lomonosovfonna and Vestfonna cores span about the last 1000 years, with good extraction of volcanic signals, while Holtedahlfonna which extends to about AD1700 appears to lack a clear record. The Mount Everest core allows clean volcanic signal extraction and the core extends back to about AD700, slightly older than a previous flow model has suggested. The method may thus be used to extract historical volcanic records from a more diverse geographical range than hitherto.
Disordered form of the scaffold protein IscU is the substrate for iron-sulfur cluster assembly on cysteine desulfurase
Authors: Kim Jin Hae , Tonelli Marco , Markley John L. 
Published: December 2011

The scaffold protein for iron-sulfur cluster assembly, apo-IscU, populates two interconverting conformational states, one disordered (D) and one structured (S) as revealed by extensive NMR assignments. At pH 8 and 25 °C, approximately 70% of the protein is S, and the lifetimes of the states are 1.3 s (S) and 0.50 s (D). Zn(II) and Fe(II) each bind and stabilize structured (S-like) states. Single amino acid substitutions at conserved residues were found that shift the equilibrium toward either the S or the D state. Cluster assembly takes place in the complex between IscU and the cysteine desulfurase, IscS, and our NMR studies demonstrate that IscS binds preferentially the D form of apo-IscU. The addition of 10% IscS to IscU was found to greatly increase H/D exchange at protected amides of IscU, to increase the rate of the S → D reaction, and to decrease the rate of the D → S reaction. In the saturated IscU:IscS complex, IscU is largely disordered. In vitro cluster assembly reactions provided evidence for the functional importance of the S⇆D equilibrium. IscU variants that favor the S state were found to undergo a lag phase, not observed with the wild type, that delayed cluster assembly; variants that favor the D state were found to assemble less stable clusters at an intermediate rate without the lag. It appears that IscU has evolved to exist in a disordered conformational state that is the initial substrate for the desulfurase and to convert to a structured state that stabilizes the cluster once it is assembled.
Maternal intestinal flora and wheeze in early childhood
Authors: Lange N. E. , Celedón J. C. , Forno E. , Ly N. P. , Onderdonk A. , Bry L. , Delaney M. L. , DuBois A. M. , Gold D. R. , Weiss S. T. , Litonjua A. A. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryBackgroundIncreasing evidence links altered intestinal flora in infancy to eczema and asthma. No studies have investigated the influence of maternal intestinal flora on wheezing and eczema in early childhood.ObjectiveTo investigate the link between maternal intestinal flora during pregnancy and development of wheeze and eczema in infancy.MethodsA total of 60 pregnant women from the Boston area gave stool samples during the third trimester of their pregnancy and answered questions during pregnancy about their own health, and about their children's health when the child was 2 and 6 months of age. Quantitative culture was performed on stool samples and measured in log10colony‐forming units (CFU)/gram stool. Primary outcomes included infant wheeze and eczema in the first 6 months of life. Atopic wheeze, defined as wheeze and eczema, was analysed as a secondary outcome.ResultsIn multivariate models adjusted for breastfeeding, day care attendance and maternal atopy, higher counts of maternal total aerobes (TA) and enterococci (E) were associated with increased risk of infant wheeze (TA: OR 2.32 for 1 log increase in CFU/g stool [95% CI 1.22, 4.42]; E: OR 1.57 [95% CI 1.06, 2.31]). No organisms were associated with either eczema or atopic wheeze.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIn our cohort, higher maternal total aerobes and enterococci were related to increased risk of infant wheeze. Maternal intestinal flora may be an important environmental exposure in early immune system development.
Prostate cancer risk in men with prostate and breast cancer family history: results from the REDUCE study (R1)
Authors: Thomas J.‐A. , Gerber L. , Moreira D. M. , Hamilton R. J. , Bañez L. L. , Castro‐Santamaria R. , Andriole G. L. , Isaacs W. B. , Xu J. , Freedland S. J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.  Thomas J‐A II, Gerber L, Moreira DM, Hamilton RJ, Bañez LL, Castro‐Santamaria R, Andriole GL, Isaacs WB, Xu J, Freedland SJ (Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; The Author Smith Institute for Urology, New Hyde Park, NY, USA; Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA; Wake Forest University, Winston‐Salem, NC, USA; and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA). Prostate cancer risk in men with prostate and breast cancer family history: results from the REDUCE study (R1). J Intern Med 2012; 272: 85–92.Background.  To what degree the associations between PCa risk and family history of prostate cancer (PCa) and/or breast cancer (BCa) are attributable to screening biases is unclear. We examined these questions within the REDUCE study, where biopsies were largely independent of prostate specific antigen (PSA) minimizing screening biases.Methods.  Data were from REDUCE, which tested dutasteride 0.5 mg daily for PCa risk reduction in men with PSA 2.5–10.0 ng mL−1 and a negative prestudy biopsy. Among men undergoing at least one on‐study biopsy with complete data (n = 6415; 78.1%), the association between family history and PCa risk was tested using multivariate logistic regression adjusting for clinicodemographic characteristics.Results.  A family history of PCa alone was associated with increased PCa diagnosis (OR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.22–1.77). In North America, PCa family history was not related to PCa diagnosis (OR: 1.02, 95%CI: 0.73–1.44), whereas outside North America, PCa family history was significantly related to diagnosis (OR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.38–2.15) (P‐interaction = 0.01). A family history of both PCa and BCa (OR: 2.54, 95%CI: 1.72–3.75) but not BCa alone (OR: 1.04, 95%CI: 0.84–1.29) was associated with increased PCa risk versus no family history and irrespective of geographical region.Conclusions.  In REDUCE, PCa family history was significantly related to PCa diagnosis, although only for men outside North America. The presence of both PCa and BCa family history significantly increased risk versus PCa family history alone, irrespective of geographical region. Ultimately, our observations may support the need for changes in how we address family history in terms of both risk of PCa diagnosis and general risk stratification.
Perioperative dilutional coagulopathy treated with fresh frozen plasma and fibrinogen concentrate: a prospective randomized intervention trial
Authors: Lancé M. D. , Ninivaggi M. , Schols S. E. M. , Feijge M. A. H. , Oehrl S. K. , Kuiper G. J. A. J. M. , Nikiforou M. , Marcus M. A. E. , Hamulyak K. , van Pampus E. C. M. , ten Cate H. , Heemskerk J. W. M. 
Published: December 2011

Background and objectives  Treatment of dilutional coagulopathy by transfusing fresh frozen plasma (FFP) remains sub‐optimal. We hypothesized that partial replacement of transfused FFP by fibrinogen concentrate results in improved coagulant activity and haemostasis. This was tested in a controlled clinical intervention trial with patients experiencing massive bleeding during major surgery.Methods  Patients undergoing major elective surgery were treated according to current protocols. When transfusion with FFP was required, patients were randomized as follows: group A received 4 units FFP and group B received 2 units FFP plus 2 g fibrinogen concentrate. Blood samples were taken before and after the intervention. Analysts were blinded to the treatment type.Results  Group A (B) consisted of 21 (22) patients, in 16 (17) of whom bleeding stopped after intervention. Plasma fibrinogen increased significantly more in group B (0·57 g/l) than in group A (0·05 g/l). However, levels of prothrombin and factors VIII, IX and X increased more in group A than in group B. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) of whole blood and plasma revealed improved fibrin clot formation in group B but not in group A. Thrombin generation [calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT)] in plasma increased more in group A. Principal parameters determining whole‐blood thromboelastometry were the fibrinogen level and platelet count. In vitro addition of fibrinogen and prothrombin complex concentrate to pre‐intervention samples restored both ROTEM and CAT parameters.Conclusions  Partial replacement of transfused FFP by fibrinogen increases fibrin clot formation at the expense of less improved thrombin generation. Coagulation factors other than fibrinogen alone are required for full restoration of haemostasis.
Essential but toxic: Controlling the flux of iron in the body
Authors: Anderson Gregory J , Wang Fudi 
Published: December 2011

Summary
Iron is an essential nutrient, but, because it is toxic when present in excess, its levels in the body are tightly controlled. This regulation is affected by controlling the release of iron into the plasma.
Most iron enters the plasma from macrophages, which recycle iron from senescent erythrocytes, but dietary iron absorption and the release of hepatocyte storage iron are other major sources.
Cellular iron export is mediated by the membrane iron transporter ferroportin 1, in conjunction with an iron oxidase. Hephaestin provides this oxidase activity in the intestine, whereas ceruloplasmin is the oxidase used by most other tissues.
The liver‐derived peptide hepcidin binds to ferroportin 1 and removes it from the cell surface, thus reducing iron donation to the plasma. The levels of hepcidin, in turn, reflect body iron requirements.
At the cellular level, ferroportin 1 can also be regulated independently of hepcidin by hypoxia‐inducible factors and the iron regulatory proteins.
The hepcidin–ferroportin axis plays a critical role in regulating body iron homeostasis.
Does topical lidocaine before tracheal intubation attenuate airway responses in children? An observational audit
Authors: Hamilton Nigel D. , Hegarty Mary , Calder Alyson , Erb Thomas O. , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  The use of topical lidocaine, applied to the airways with various administration techniques, is common practice in pediatric anesthesia in many institutions. However, it remains unclear whether these practices achieve their intended goal of reducing the risk of perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAE) in children undergoing elective endotracheal intubation without neuromuscular blockade (NMB). The relative frequency of PRAE (laryngospasm, coughing, desaturation <95%) associated with no use of topical airway lidocaine (TAL), with TAL sprayed directly onto the vocal cords, and TAL administered blindly into the pharynx was assessed.Methods:  This prospective audit involved 1000 patients undergoing general anesthesia with elective endotracheal intubation without NMB. Patients with suspected difficult airways or undergoing airway surgery were excluded. The use of TAL and the mode of administration were recorded. Respiratory adverse events were recorded in the perioperative period.Results:  Two hundred and fifty‐four patients had the vocal cords sprayed under direct vision, 236 had lidocaine blindly dripped into the pharynx, and 510 received no TAL. The mean age and known risk factors for PRAE (asthma, recent upper respiratory tract infection (≤2 weeks), passive smoking, hayfever, past or present eczema, nocturnal dry cough) were similar among the groups. The proportion of patients with desaturation (<95%) between induction of anesthesia and discharge from the recovery room was higher in the two groups who received TAL (data combined for all patients receiving lidocaine regardless of administration method, P = 0.01) compared to those who received no TAL. No difference in the rates of laryngospasm (P = 0.13) or cough (P = 0.07) was observed among the groups. There was no difference in the rates of PRAE between the groups given TAL directly onto the vocal cords and in those whom received TAL blindly.Conclusions:  The incidence of desaturation was higher in patients receiving TAL compared with children who did not. This association should perhaps be considered when contemplating the use of this technique.
Trolox mitigates fibrosis in a bile duct ligation model
Authors: Galicia‐Moreno Marina , Favari Liliana , Muriel Pablo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that free radicals may play a role in cholestatic liver injury. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of trolox in chronic bile duct ligation (BDL). Liver injury was induced by 28‐day BDL to male Wistar rats. Animals were divided in four groups of six rats. Trolox was administered daily (50 mg/kg, p.o.). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was quantified in serum. Fibrosis was assessed measuring liver hydroxyproline content. Reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, lipid peroxidation, catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured in liver. Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) were determined by western blot and quantified densitometrically. Our results show that trolox treatment in BDL rats prevented the increase in ALT. Collagen was increased by chronic BDL, but trolox administration preserved the normal collagen concentration. BDL produced high levels of the cytokine TGF‐β1, IL‐6, and IL‐10 levels. Trolox administration was effective to partially prevent the increase of TGF‐β1 and IL‐6, and it was able to further augment the levels of IL‐10. Oxidative stress (assessed by lipid peroxidation and liver glutathione content) was increased by BDL; this process was normalized by trolox. The activities of CAT and GPx were altered by BDL, and trolox prevented these events. We found that there is a close relationship between cholestatic liver damage and oxidative stress generation, and this was effectively prevented by trolox. Our study shows that the beneficial effects of trolox are because of its important antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.
Comparison of Outcomes and the Use of Multimodality Therapy in Young and Elderly People Undergoing Surgical Resection of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Barbas Andrew S. , Turley Ryan S. , Ceppa Eugene P. , Reddy Srinevas K. , Blazer Dan G. , Clary Bryan M. , Pappas Theodore N. , Tyler Douglas S. , White Rebekah R. , Lagoo Sandhya A. 
Published: December 2011

ObjectivesTo compare outcomes and the use of multimodality therapy in young and elderly people with pancreatic cancer undergoing surgical resection.DesignRetrospective, single‐institution study.SettingNational Cancer Institute/National Comprehensive Cancer Network cancer center.ParticipantsTwo hundred three individuals who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma at Duke University Medical Center comprised the study population. Participants were divided into three groups based on age (<65, n = 97; 65–74, n = 74; ≥75, N = 32).MeasurementsPerioperative outcomes, the use of multimodality therapy, and overall survival of the different age groups were compared.ResultsSimilar rates of perioperative mortality and morbidity were observed in all age groups, but elderly adults were more likely to be discharged to a rehabilitation or skilled nursing facility. A similar proportion of participants received neoadjuvant therapy, but a smaller proportion of elderly participants received adjuvant therapy. Overall survival was similar between the age groups. Predictors of poorer overall survival included coronary artery disease, positive resection margin, and less‐differentiated tumor histology. Treatment with neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy were predictors of better overall survival.ConclusionCarefully selected elderly individuals experience similar perioperative outcomes and overall survival to those of younger individuals after resection of pancreatic cancer. There appears to be a significant disparity in the use of adjuvant therapy between young and elderly individuals.
miRNA in Wound Inflammation and Angiogenesis
Authors: ROY SASHWATI , SEN CHANDAN K. 
Published: December 2011

Please cite this paper as: Roy S, Sen CK. miRNA in wound inflammation and angiogenesis. Microcirculation19: 224–232, 2012.AbstractChronic wounds represent a rising health and economic burden to our society. Emerging studies indicate that miRNAs play a key role in regulating several hubs that orchestrate the wound inflammation and angiogenesis processes. Of interest to wound inflammation are the regulatory loops where inflammatory mediators elicited following injury are regulated by miRNAs, as well as regulate miRNA expression. Adequate angiogenesis is a key determinant of success in ischemic wound repair. Hypoxia and cellular redox state are among the key factors that drive wound angiogenesis. We provided first evidence demonstrating that miRNAs regulate cellular redox environment via a NADPH oxidase‐dependent mechanism in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs). We further demonstrated that hypoxia‐sensitive miR‐200b is involved in induction of angiogenesis by directly targeting Ets‐1 in HMECs. These studies point toward a potential role of miRNA in wound angiogenesis. miRNA‐based therapeutics represent one of the major commercial hot spots in today’s biotechnology market space. Understanding the significance of miRs in wound inflammation and angiogenesis may help design therapeutic strategies for management of chronic nonhealing wounds.