bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Des « Compétences d'Employabilité Durable » pour sécuriser les parcours professionnels des individus
Authors: Bricler Michel 
Published: May 2010

Résumé Les difficultés récurrentes de la situation de l’emploi en France amènent à s’interroger sur les conditions qui permettraient aux individus de faciliter leur maintien en activité ou la recherche d’un emploi (premier emploi ou nouvel emploi lorsque l’on a perdu le précédent). La sécurisation des parcours professionnels qui fait l’objet de beaucoup de débats actuellement s’intéresse essentiellement à la mise en place de systèmes d’amortisseurs financiers et de dispositifs de formation en cas de licenciement. Nous nous intéressons ici à un autre volet contribuant à la sécurisation des parcours professionnels que constituent les compétences spécifiques qui favorisent une employabilité durable. Le but du projet de recherche/action est de mettre en évidence des compétences, capacités, connaissances, qui, lorsqu’elles sont acquises par les individus, sécurisent leurs parcours professionnels dans un contexte de grande incertitude provenant de l’évolution rapide des métiers, des techniques, et de l’organisation du travail. Il s’agit ensuite de pouvoir se servir des résultats de l’identification de « Compétences d’Employabilité Durable » pour les diffuser largement afin de les intégrer dans les dispositifs de bilan de compétences et de formation professionnelle.
Le mouvement « queer » : des sexualités mutantes ?
Authors: Macary-Garipuy Pascale 
Published: May 2010

[Extrait de l'article — Les articles sont publiés uniquement en français ; les traductions de l'extrait ont été réalisées par le collectif de la revue] « “Queer” ? Si le post-modernisme est un signifiant à manier avec précaution, pour ce qu’il en est du mouvement queer, il s’impose, tant le sujet qu’il met en scène se trouve sans l’appui de l’Autre et orphelin de toute transmission. Le discours de la science, le capitalisme, les systèmes de représentativités démocratiques du Nord promeuvent l’individu au détriment du sujet, qui se trouve emporté vers des terres inconnues quant aux modes de consommation, de sexualité, de rapport à l’autre. Le corps, ses représentations, son usage - y compris dans les transformations qui lui sont imposées - est bien sûr central dans cette mutation puisqu’il est le lieu de la jouissance : deux thématiques à la fois centrales et problématiques des théories queers. Le mouvement queer, mouvement parce qu’il s’enracine, en ses formes savantes, dans la littérature et sa critique, l’esthétique, la philosophie, la sociologie, l’anthropologie, l’histoire, se situe dans cette translation qui va d’une modernité dépassée vers des lendemains vertigineux. Le mouvement, la translation, la mutation sont des signifiants utilisés abondamment par les théoriciennes du queer, pour parler des sujets “queerisés”, faisant du même geste de ces sujets les incarnations paradigmatiques de ce monde sans garantie d’aucun Autre. »
Les enfants juifs cachés en France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale : des traces du traumatisme repérables plus de soixante ans après
Authors: Feldman Marion , Mouchenik Yoram , Moro Marie Rose 
Published: May 2010

LES ENFANTS JUIFS CACHES EN FRANCE PENDANT LA SECONDE GUERRE MONDIALE : DES TRACES DU TRAUMATISME REPERABLES PLUS DE SOIXANTE ANS APRES Cette étude montre les traces du traumatisme chez des adultes âgés entre 65 et 80 ans, alors que les événements traumatiques ont été vécus il y a plus de soixante ans. Nous avons mené des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de trente-cinq personnes. Nous choisissons ici de présenter une situation unique de façon détaillée. Cette situation recouvre la plupart des problématiques de vie traversées par les enfants juifs cachés en France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cette étude montre que les « enfants cachés » ont été triplement « exposés » et ont été notamment la cible d’un processus de déculturation. Ils présentent une symptomatologie spécifique. Sont identifiés des troubles familiaux transgénérationnels et intergénérationnels. Enfin, des organisateurs psychiques communs les caractérisent : ils ont été confrontés à une double « double contrainte » ; le miracle est au cœur de leur problématique de vie et le secret est la clé de voûte de ces organisateurs psychiques.
Lyme borreliosis in Canada: biological diversity and diagnostic complexity from an entomological perspective
Authors: Sperling Janet L.H. , Sperling Felix A.H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLyme borreliosis (LB), also known as Lyme disease, is emerging as a serious tickborne illness across Canada. More than three decades of research on LB in North America and Europe have provided a large, complex body of research involving well-documented difficulties at several levels. However, entomologists are well situated to contribute to resolving some of these challenges. The central pathogen in LB, the spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferiJohnsonet al., includes numerous genospecies and strains that are associated with different disease symptoms and distributions. The primary vectors of LB are ticks of variousIxodesLatreille species (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), but questions linger concerning the status of a number of other arthropods that may be infected withB. burgdorferibut do not transmit it biologically. A variety of vertebrates may serve as reservoirs for LB, but differences in their ability to transmit LB are not well understood at the community level. Persistent cystic forms of and immune system evasion byB. burgdorfericontribute to extraordinary challenges in diagnosing LB. Multiple trade-offs constrain the effectiveness of assays like ELISA, Western blot, polymerase chain reaction, and microscopic visualization of the spirochetes. Consequently, opportunities abound for entomologists to contribute to documenting the diversity of the players and their interactions in this devilishly complex disease.
Seasonal parasitism of hemlock looper (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) eggs in eastern Canada
Authors: Carleton Drew , Royer Lucie , Hébert Christian , Delisle Johanne , Berthiaume Richard , Bauce Eric , Quiring Dan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA 2-year field study was conducted using sentinel traps to determine the seasonal distribution of the egg parasitoid (Hymenoptera) complex attacking hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée), throughout eastern Quebec and western Newfoundland. Hemlock looper populations remained low in all areas over the course of the study. Parasitism of eggs in sentinel traps was generally lower in fall than in spring. Trichogramma Westwood (Trichogrammatidae) as well as Telenomus flavotibiae Pelletier and an unidentified species of Telenomus Haliday (Scelionidae) only parasitized eggs in the fall. Telenomus droozi Muesebeck only parasitized eggs in the spring, whereas T. coloradensis Crawford attacked eggs during both fall and spring. Telenomus coloradensis was the most abundant parasitoid species collected and was far more abundant in spring than in fall collections.
TLR Stimulation of Prostate Tumor Cells Induces Chemokine-Mediated Recruitment of Specific Immune Cell Types
Authors: Galli Roberta , Starace Donatella , Busà Roberta , Angelini Daniela F. , Paone Alessio , De Cesaris Paola , Filippini Antonio , Sette Claudio , Battistini Luca , Ziparo Elio , Riccioli Anna 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
TLRs boost antimicrobial response mechanisms by epithelial cells and represent the first line of defense at mucosal sites. In view of these immunomodulatory properties, TLR stimulation may represent a novel means to activate anticancer immune responses. In the present study, the ability of TLR ligands to affect the recruitment of different immune cell populations by human prostate cancer cell lines and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. We showed that LNCaP and DU-145 cells express functionally active TLR3 and TLR5. Treatment with their respective agonists, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and flagellin, rapidly triggered NF-κB–dependent upregulation of different inflammatory molecules, as assayed by microarray and ELISA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that conditioned media from polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid- and flagellin-treated LNCaP and DU-145 cells induced the recruitment of different leukocyte subpopulations, suggesting that TLR stimulation is able to activate the earliest step of immune response mediated by soluble factors. Interestingly, the more aggressive cancer cell line PC3 expressed TLR3 and TLR5 but failed to respond to TLR agonists in terms of NF-κB activation and the ability to attract immune effectors. Overall, these data show for the first time that TLR3 and TLR5 stimulation of human prostate cancer cells triggers the production of chemokines, which, in turn, favor the attraction of immune effectors, thereby representing a tool to enhance the efficacy of conventional therapies by stimulating anticancer immune responses.
Effects of Polyclonal IgG Derived from Patients with Different Clinical Types of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome on Monocyte Signaling Pathways
Authors: Lambrianides Anastasia , Carroll Christopher J. , Pierangeli Silvia S. , Pericleous Charis , Branch Ware , Rice Jurhee , Latchman David S. , Townsend Paul , Isenberg David A. , Rahman Anisur , Giles Ian P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A major mechanism of hypercoagulability in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is antiphospholipid Ab-mediated upregulation of tissue factor (TF) on monocytes via activation of TLRs, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB pathways. We examined whether monocyte signaling pathways are differentially activated by IgG from patients with vascular thrombosis (VT) alone compared with IgG from patients with pregnancy morbidity (PM) alone. We purified IgG from 49 subjects. A human monocyte cell line and ex vivo healthy monocytes were treated with 100 μg/ml IgG for 6 h, and cell extracts were examined by immunoblot using Abs to p38 MAPK and NF-κB. To further investigate intracellular signaling pathways induced by these IgGs, specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK, NF-κB, TLR4, and TLR2 were used to determine their effect on TF activity. Only IgG from patients with VT but no PM (VT+/PM−) caused phosphorylation of NF-κBand p38 MAPK and upregulation of TF activity in monocytes. These effects were not seen with IgG from patients with PM alone (VT−/PM+), anti-phospholipid Ab-positive patients without APS, or healthy controls. TF upregulation caused by the VT+/PM− samples was reduced by inhibitors of p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and TLR4. The effects of VT+/PM− IgG on signaling and TF upregulation were concentrated in the fraction that bound β-2-glycoprotein I. Our findings demonstrate that IgGs from patients with diverse clinical manifestations of APS have differential effects upon phosphorylation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK and TF activity that may be mediated by differential activation of TLR4.
Downregulation of Th17 Cells in the Small Intestine by Disruption of Gut Flora in the Absence of Retinoic Acid
Authors: Cha Hye-Ran , Chang Sun-Young , Chang Jae-Hoon , Kim Jae-Ouk , Yang Jin-Young , Kim Chang-Hoon , Kweon Mi-Na 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a well-known vitamin A metabolite, mediates inhibition of the IL-6-driven induction of proinflammatory Th17 cells and promotes anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell generation in the presence of TGF-β, which is mainly regulated by dendritic cells. To directly address the role of RA in Th17/regulatory T cell generation in vivo, we generated vitamin A-deficient (VAD) mice by continuous feeding of a VAD diet beginning in gestation. We found that a VAD diet resulted in significant inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation in the small intestine lamina propria by as early as age 5 wk. Furthermore, this diet resulted in low mRNA expression levels of IL-17, IFN regulatory factor 4, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-23 without alteration of other genes, such as RORγt, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-25, and IL-27 in the small intestine ileum. In vitro results of enhanced Th17 induction by VAD dendritic cells did not mirror in vivo results, suggesting the existence of other regulation factors. Interestingly, the VAD diet elicited high levels of mucin MUC2 by goblet cell hyperplasia and subsequently reduced gut microbiome, including segmented filamentous bacteria. Much like wild-type mice, the VAD diet-fed MyD88−/−TRIF−/− mice had significantly fewer IL-17–secreting CD4+ T cells than the control diet-fed MyD88−/−TRIF−/− mice. The results strongly suggest that RA deficiency altered gut microbiome, which in turn inhibited Th17 differentiation in the small intestine lamina propria.
Human CD34-Derived Myeloid Dendritic Cell Development Requires Intact Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–Protein Kinase B–Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling
Authors: van de Laar Lianne , Buitenhuis Miranda , Wensveen Felix M. , Janssen Harry L.A. , Coffer Paul J. , Woltman Andrea M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are composed of different subsets that exhibit distinct functionality in the induction and regulation of immune responses. The myeloid DC subsets, including interstitial DCs and Langerhans cells (LCs), develop from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors via direct DC precursors or monocytes. The molecular mechanisms regulating DC development are still largely unknown and mostly studied in mice. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) regulates multiple processes in myeloid cells. This study investigated the role of PI3K signaling in the development of human CD34-derived myeloid DCs. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K or one of its downstream targets mTOR reduced interstitial DC and LC numbers in vitro. Increased activity of this signaling module by introduction of constitutively active protein kinase B (PKB/c-Akt) increased the yields of human DC precursors in vitro as well as in transplanted β2-microglobulin−/− NOD/SCID mice in vivo. Signaling inhibition during differentiation did not affect the acquisition of a DC phenotype, whereas proliferation and survival strongly depended on intact PI3K–PKB–mTOR signaling. Interestingly, however, this pathway became redundant for survival regulation upon terminal differentiation, which was associated with an altered expression of apoptosis regulating genes. Although dispensable for costimulatory molecule expression, the PI3K–PKB–mTOR signaling module was required for other important processes associated with DC function, including Ag uptake, LPS-induced cytokine secretion, CCR7 expression, and T cell stimulation. Thus, PI3K–PKB–mTOR signaling plays a crucial role in the development of functional CD34-derived myeloid DCs. These findings could be used as a strategy to manipulate DC subset distribution and function to regulate immunity.
HIV-1 Nef Triggers Macrophage Fusion in a p61Hck- and Protease-Dependent Manner
Authors: Vérollet Christel , Zhang Yan Mei , Le Cabec Véronique , Mazzolini Julie , Charrière Guillaume , Labrousse Arnaud , Bouchet Jérôme , Medina Indira , Biessen Erik , Niedergang Florence , Bénichou Serge , Maridonneau-Parini Isabelle 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Macrophages are a major target of HIV-1 infection. HIV-1–infected macrophages form multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) using poorly elucidated mechanisms. In this study, we show that MGC formation was reduced when human macrophages were infected with nef-deleted HIV-1. Moreover, expression of Nef, an HIV-1 protein required in several aspects of AIDS, was sufficient to trigger the formation of MGCs in RAW264.7 macrophages. Among Nef molecular determinants, myristoylation was dispensable, whereas the polyproline motif was instrumental for this phenomenon. Nef has been shown to activate hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck), a Src tyrosine kinase specifically expressed in phagocytes, through a well-described polyproline–SH3 interaction. Knockdown approaches showed that Hck is involved in Nef-induced MGC formation. Hck is expressed as two isoforms located in distinct subcellular compartments. Although both isoforms were activated by Nef, only p61Hck mediated the effect of Nef on macrophage fusion. This process was abolished in the presence of a p61Hck kinase-dead mutant or when p61Hck was redirected from the lysosome membrane to the cytosol. Finally, lysosomal proteins including vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase and proteases participated in Nef-induced giant macrophage formation. We conclude that Nef participates in HIV-1–induced MGC formation via a p61Hck- and lysosomal enzyme-dependent pathway. This work identifies for the first time actors of HIV-1–induced macrophage fusion, leading to the formation of MGCs commonly found in several organs of AIDS patients.
Immunosuppressive Effect of Quercetin on Dendritic Cell Activation and Function
Authors: Huang Ren-Yeong , Yu Yen-Ling , Cheng Wan-Chien , OuYang Chun-Nan , Fu Earl , Chu Ching-Liang 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. Thus, DCs have been regarded as a major target of immunosuppressants for the control of harmful immune responses. In this study, we examined the effect of quercetin, a natural flavonoid found in many vegetables and fruits, on the activation and function of mouse DCs. Quercetin effectively inhibited LPS-induced DC activation by reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the expression levels of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules. In addition, quercetin uniquely blocked endocytosis by DCs and the LPS-induced DC migration was diminished by quercetin treatment. Furthermore, quercetin abrogated the ability of LPS-stimulated DCs to induce Ag-specific T cell activation, both in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, coadministration of quercetin with 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene prevented 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene–induced contact hypersensitivity, indicating the potential of quercetin for treating delayed-type hypersensitive diseases. Blockage of LPS-induced ERK, JNK, Akt, and NF-κB activation contributed to the inhibitory effect of quercetin on DCs. These results strongly suggest that quercetin may be a potent immunosuppressive agent and could be used in the prevention and therapy of chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and transplantation via the abolishment of DC activation and function.
Loss of Naive T Cells and Repertoire Constriction Predict Poor Response to Vaccination in Old Primates
Authors: Čičin-Šain Luka , Smyk-Paerson Sue , Currier Noreen , Byrd Laura , Koudelka Caroline , Robinson Tammie , Swarbrick Gwendolyn , Tackitt Shane , Legasse Alfred , Fischer Miranda , Nikolich-Žugich Dragana , Park Byung , Hobbs Theodore , Doane Cynthia J. , Mori Motomi , Axthelm Michael T. , Lewinsohn Deborah A. , Nikolich-Žugich Janko 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Aging is usually accompanied by diminished immune protection upon infection or vaccination. Although aging results in well-characterized changes in the T cell compartment of long-lived, outbred, and pathogen-exposed organisms, their relevance for primary Ag responses remain unclear. Therefore, it remains unclear whether and to what extent the loss of naive T cells, their partial replacement by oligoclonal memory populations, and the consequent constriction of TCR repertoire limit the Ag responses in aging primates. We show in this study that aging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) exhibit poor CD8 T cell and B cell responses in the blood and poor CD8 responses in the lungs upon vaccination with the modified vaccinia strain Ankara. The function of APCs appeared to be maintained in aging monkeys, suggesting that the poor response was likely intrinsic to lymphocytes. We found that the loss of naive CD4 and CD8 T cells, and the appearance of persisting T cell clonal expansions predicted poor CD8 responses in individual monkeys. There was strong correlation between early CD8 responses in the transitory CD28+ CD62L− CD8+ T cell compartment and the peak Ab titers upon boost in individual animals, as well as a correlation of both parameters of immune response to the frequency of naive CD8+ T cells in old but not in adult monkeys. Therefore, our results argue that T cell repertoire constriction and naive cell loss have prognostic value for global immune function in aging primates.
Understanding non-compliance with WHO-multidrug therapy among leprosy patients in Assam, India
Authors: Kar Sumit , Pal Ranabir , Bharati Dharamvir Ranajan 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The study was undertaken to assess the adherence to World Health Organization (WHO)-multidrug therapy (MDT) and its successful completion by the leprosy patients and the extent of such defaulting, its correlates and reasons. Design: Retrograde cohort analysis was conducted during the fi rst quarter of 2007 from the cases registered for WHO-MDT treatment during 2002 to 2005 in Kamrup district of Assam, India. Results: A total of 254 leprosy cases refl ected the treatment seeking behavior of registered cases during the study period. Majority of the cases were from urban areas and defaulter rate higher in urban areas. The study group consisted of 60.63% males and 39.37% females. Both the compliance and default was higher in the age group of 16 to 30 years. Majority of defaulters (32.28%) had passed the high school leaving certifi cate examination had per capita monthly income between Rs 500 - 749 (30.71%) and belonged to social class IV (33.86%) and V (30.71%). Signifi cant statistical association was found between gender, literacy status, per capita income per month and socioeconomic status with treatment outcome. On analysis for the reasons of defaulting treatment; majority (33.07%) defaulted treatment due to loss of occupational hours when they come for receiving drugs at health center, 25.98% defaulted due to adverse reactions of drugs and 18.11% feared social stigma among major causes. Conclusions: The causes of defaulting treatment were related to gender, educational status, income as well as social class, or some combination of these. Recommendations, on strategic interventions to obviate the cause for noncompliance, were presented.
Inca - interparietal bones in neurocranium of human skulls in central India
Authors: Marathe RR , AS Yogesh , Pandit S V , Joshi M , Trivedi GN 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTInca bones are accessory bones found in neurocranium of human skulls. Occurrence of Inca bones is rare as compared to other inter sutural bones such as wormian bones. These Inca ossicles are regarded as variants of the normal. The reporting of such occurrences is inadequate from Central India. Objectives: To fi nd the incidence of Inca variants in Central India. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 380 dried adult human skulls were examined. All specimen samples were procured from various Medical colleges of Central India. They were analyzed for gross incidence, sexual dimorphism and number of fragments of Inca bones. Results: Gross incidence of Inca bones was found to be 1.315 %. Incidence rate was higher in male skulls than female skulls (male: 1.428%; female: 1.176%). The Inca bones frequently occurred signally. Out of the fi ve observed Inca ossicles, two were fragmented. Conclusions: This data gives idea regarding gross incidence, sexual dimorphism and number of fragments of Inca bones in neurocranium of human skulls from Central India. The knowledge of this variable is useful for neurosurgeons, anthropologists and radiologists.