bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' perceptions of the words “health” and “happy”
Authors: O'Higgins Siobhán , Sixsmith Jane , Nic Gabhainn Saoirse 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe shared language of youth includes understandings of concepts that can be different from those of adults. Researchers, in their efforts to explore and illuminate the health behaviours and decision‐making processes of young people, use generic terms in their data collecting protocols. This study aims to explore what adolescents understand by the words “healthy” and “happy”.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured interviews were conducted in three post‐primary schools with 31 students aged 12 and 13 years. Drawing on a grounded theory approach, interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic content analysis.FindingsThe students provided a description and explanation of what health and happiness meant to them and how they intended to maintain both as they grew older. Perceptions of these two concepts were found to contain gendered nuances. This was clear in relation to descriptions of how friends were part of well‐being; the girls were more likely to talk about feeling restricted and resentment at being treated like children and only the boys talked of looking forward to things.Originality/valueIn order to gain an understanding of young people's perspectives about what matters and what influences their health behaviour, a clearer view of the different perspectives held by researcher and researched needs to be established so that more accurate conclusions can be drawn from data generated by young people.
Threats to the New Zealand Serious Fraud Office: an institutional perspective
Authors: Van Peursem K.A. , Balme A. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate threats to dissolve the New Zealand Serious Fraud Office (SFO) as interpreted through the public press.Design/methodology/approachAn institutional approach is adopted in this case, and the analysis is driven by Oliver's understandings of antecedents to deinstitutionalization. Relevant press articles are reviewed, and SFO history and New Zealand socio‐political context inform the analysis.FindingsThe paper identifies over 1,800 articles (September 2003 to October 2008) and analyses the content of those 157 that contain views on the SFO itself. This analysis reveals that while there is a strong political antecedent to the proposed change, the media is dominated by weakly evidenced but emotive functional and social arguments. The susceptibility of the SFO to political influence, and a less‐than‐fully engaged media, is shown to provide a risk of deinstitutionalization to this politically dependent office.Research limitations/implicationsConclusions suggest how a relatively new and possibly politically naïve organisation may be, by necessity, starting to come to terms with its own external dependencies.Social implicationsThe SFO may be evolving new relational norms in response to its own vulnerabilities in a political environment. There may be lessons for others in this analysis of a norming process, and further research into such processes would be a rich area for further study.Originality/valueThe contribution is in forming an understanding of the media patterns and in analysing what they convey as to the threatened deinstituitonalization of the SFO.
A study on the difference of supply chain performance from the fitness between competitive priorities and supplier selection criteria
Authors: Soo Park Jeong , Shin Chang Deok 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe paper's aim is to investigate the question of whether to expect better performances when manufacturing companies' capability fits (or matches) with the companies' supplier selection criteria (which can be linked with the supplier's own capability) is new in the supply chain management (SCM) research stream.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on an empirical research using survey and regression by SPSS program.FindingsThe companies whose own capability matches their supplier selection criteria can expect better SC performance from SCM practice than non‐matching companies.Research limitations/implicationsIn the paper, only “price” capability factor was used. Future research will include other capability factors of quality, delivery, and flexibility.Originality/valueIn the stream of SCM literature, there are very few studies on the fit or match between capability and supplier selection criteria, and this is a merit of this paper.
Cue incongruity in wine personality formation and purchasing
Authors: Heslop Louise A. , Cray David , Armenakyan Anahit 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the direct and interaction effects of brand name (BN) of wine and country‐of‐origin (COO) on perceptions of the personality image of the wine, expected price, and willingness to engage with the wine.Design/methodology/approachA field experiment in which label information for a fictitious wine was presented to wine consumers with a questionnaire on wine perceptions and response measures. The label information was manipulated across subjects using four BNs and three COOs.FindingsThe study confirms BN and COO effects on perceived wine personality and responses to the wine. Findings also indicate the effects of BN and COO as well as a BN‐COO interaction effect on price expectations.Research limitations/implicationsFindings link different personality dimensions to the two different cues, suggesting greater independence of the cues than originally expected. However, some BN‐COO incongruity effects are found particularly regarding price perceptions. A small set of wine BNs and COOs are tested and sample size/treatments are limited. With larger sample sizes, some weak effects might prove more significant. For more substantive support of these findings, the study could be repeated in different locations with different BN and COO examples.Practical implicationsThe results suggest consumers are open to some fluidity in brand name use across wine‐producing countries with appropriate pricing strategies. They also highlight the importance of understanding consumer perceptions of wine personality in assessing consumer responses and price expectations.Originality/valueThe research addresses BN and COO direct and interaction effects on many aspects of wine evaluation and the central role of personality dimensions in wine assessments. The paper provides evidence of value in a rapidly evolving marketplace for wine and insights into the ongoing strategic changes in the wine market. It also contributes to theory and research on information cue use and cue incongruity effects.
Meaning not measurement
Authors: Holloway Immy , Brown Lorraine , Shipway Richard 
Published: September 2010

PurposeEvents research is witnessing a gradual increase in experience‐related studies, reflecting a challenge to the dominance of positivist, quantitative‐based studies. This purpose of this paper is to support a paradigm shift to effect a more balanced examination of events within the existing body of literature.Design/methodology/approachA search of events‐related publications in both events and non‐events journals is conducted in order to identify the level of use of the ethnographic approach by researchers in event studies. The literature on qualitative methods and on ethnography in particular is also examined, in a bid to show how ethnography can be used and how it is specifically suited to inquiry into the consumer experience of events and festivals.FindingsEthnography is advocated as an appropriate research approach to the events field, and this paper details the extensive potential that this approach offers. Drawing from the wider literature on ethnography, a rationale for an alternative methodology with the associated research methods of observation, interviewing and the use of documentary sources is explored and its applicability to events research is demonstrated.Practical implicationsThe academic researcher is introduced to the potential offered by ethnography and is pointed in the direction of the relevant research methods literature that would equip them with the practical tools of investigation.Originality/valueBy alerting the reader to the applicability and value of ethnography, this paper aims to encourage the adoption of the ethnographic approach by event researchers. This will thereby lead to a more diverse literature on events, and will rebalance the current dominance of quantitative‐based research papers, and it is for this reason that this paper makes an original contribution to knowledge in the study of events and festivals.
Preterm Labour: Tsunami Waves?
Authors: Douglas Alison J. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryPreterm labour and birth can be delayed but are generally unstoppable, threatening the health of the mother–baby duo. This may be a result of peripheral signals prematurely recruiting the oxytocin neurones that co‐ordinate the timing of birth and, via specialised activity and secretion patterns, drive uterine contractions. Once sensitised, these neurones respond with waves of activity, even to weak stimuli, resulting in a positive‐feedback loop that escalates towards inevitable birth.
Development of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism-Derived Functional Strain-Specific Markers To Assess the Persistence of 10 Bacterial Strains in Soil Microcosms
Authors: Xiang S.-R. , Cook M. , Saucier S. , Gillespie P. , Socha R. , Scroggins R. , Beaudette L. A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

To augment the information on commercial microbial products, we investigated the persistence patterns of high-priority bacterial strains from the Canadian Domestic Substance List (DSL). Specific DNA markers for each of the 10 DSL bacterial strains were developed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique, and the fates of DSL strains introduced in soil were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results indicated that all DNA markers had high specificity at the functional strain level and that detection of the target microorganisms was sensitive at a detection limitation range from 1.3 × 10
2
to 3.25 × 10
5
CFU/g of dry soil. The results indicated that all introduced strains showed a trend toward a declining persistence in soil and could be categorized into three pattern types. The first type was long-term persistence exemplified by
Pseudomonas stutzeri
(ATCC 17587) and
Pseudomonas denitrificans
(ATCC 13867) strains. In the second pattern, represented by
Bacillus subtilis
(ATCC 6051) and
Escherichia hermannii
(ATCC 700368), the inoculated strain populations dropped dramatically below the detection threshold after 10 to 21 days, while in the third pattern there was a gradual decrease, with the population falling below the detectable level within the 180-day incubation period. These patterns indicate a selection effect of a microbial community related to the ecological function of microbial strains introduced in soil. As a key finding, the DSL strains can be quantitatively tracked in soil with high sensitivity and specificity at the functional strain level. This provides the basic evidence for further risk assessment of the priority DSL strains.
Inclusion of Dried or Wet Distillers' Grains at Different Levels in Diets of Feedlot Cattle Affects Fecal Shedding of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7
Authors: Jacob M. E. , Paddock Z. D. , Renter D. G. , Lechtenberg K. F. , Nagaraja T. G. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 in cattle fed diets supplemented with 20 or 40% dried distillers' grains (DG) (DDG) or wet DG (WDG) and assess whether removing DG from diets before slaughter affected fecal shedding of
E. coli
O157:H7. Eight hundred forty steers were allocated to 70 pens (12 steers/pen). Treatments were no DG (control), 20% DDG or WDG, and 40% DDG or WDG, and each was replicated in 14 pens. In phase 1, eight floor fecal samples were collected from each pen every 2 weeks for 12 weeks for isolation of
E. coli
O157:H7 and detection of high shedders. In phase 2, half of the pens with DG were transitioned to the no-DG control diet, and pen floor fecal samples were collected weekly from all pens for 4 weeks. During phase 1, prevalence of
E. coli
O157:H7 was 20.8% and 3.2% for high shedders. The form of DG had no significant effect on fecal
E. coli
O157:H7 shedding. The prevalence levels of
E. coli
O157:H7 and the numbers of high shedders were not different between diets with 0 or 20% DG; however, cattle fed 40% DG had a higher prevalence and more high shedders than cattle fed 0 or 20% DG (
P
≤ 0.05). During phase 2, overall and high-shedder prevalence estimates were 3.3% and <0.1%, respectively, and there were no differences between those for different DG forms and inclusion levels or when DG was removed from diets. The form of DG had no impact on
E. coli
O157:H7; however, fecal shedding was associated with the DG inclusion level.
Activation of thePseudomonas aeruginosaAlgU Regulon throughmucAMutation Inhibits Cyclic AMP/Vfr Signaling
Authors: Jones Adriana K. , Fulcher Nanette B. , Balzer Grant J. , Urbanowski Mark L. , Pritchett Christopher L. , Schurr Michael J. , Yahr Timothy L. , Wolfgang Matthew C. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosais an opportunistic pathogen that causes acute, invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals and chronic, persistent respiratory infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). The differential progression of acute or chronic infections involves the production of distinct sets of virulence factors.P. aeruginosastrains isolated from patients with acute respiratory infection are generally nonencapsulated and express a variety of invasive virulence factors, including flagella, the type III secretion system (T3SS), type IV pili (TFP), and multiple secreted toxins and degradative enzymes. Strains isolated from chronically infected CF patients, however, typically lack expression of invasive virulence factors and have a mucoid phenotype due to the production of an alginate capsule. The mucoid phenotype results from loss-of-function mutations inmucA, which encodes an anti-sigma factor that normally prevents alginate synthesis. Here, we report that the cyclic AMP/Vfr-dependent signaling (CVS) pathway is defective inmucAmutants and that the defect occurs at the level ofvfrexpression. The CVS pathway regulates the expression of multiple invasive virulence factors, including T3SS, exotoxin A, protease IV, and TFP. We further demonstrate thatmucA-dependent CVS inhibition involves the alternative sigma factor AlgU (AlgT) and the response regulator AlgR but does not depend on alginate production. Our findings show that a single naturally occurring mutation leads to inverse regulation of virulence factors involved in acute and persistent infections. These results suggest that mucoid conversion and inhibition of invasive virulence determinants may both confer a selective advantage tomucAmutant strains ofP. aeruginosain the CF lung.
Using geographic information systems to compare the density of stores selling tobacco and alcohol: youth making an argument for increased regulation of the tobacco permitting process in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Ogneva-Himmelberger Yelena , Ross Laurie , Burdick William , Simpson Sheryl-Ann 
Published: September 2010

BackgroundThis study is based on a community participatory research (CBPR) partnership between a youth group and a local university to explore whether greater regulation of tobacco permits would reduce the density of tobacco outlets overall, and particularly in low-income, high minority neighbourhoods in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.MethodsApplying Geographic Information Systems and regression analyses to neighbourhood demographics and the location of stores selling tobacco and alcohol, the study predicts the density of tobacco outlets as compared to alcohol outlets at the neighborhood block group level and in relation to the location and demographic composition of public schools.ResultsThis study found that there are more than double the number of stores that sell tobacco as compared to alcohol in the city of Worcester. For every alcohol vendor there was a 41% increase in the estimated number of tobacco vendors, independent of the effect of other variables. The likelihood of having a tobacco outlet located near a school was greater than having an alcohol outlet as the percentage of minority students in schools increases.ConclusionsBased on these findings, the authors conclude that to reduce the impact of tobacco on socially and economically disadvantaged communities, the issuing of tobacco permits requires more regulation and oversight and should take into consideration the density and actual location of other licensees in an area.
Molecular basis of LMAN1 in coordinating LMAN1-MCFD2 cargo receptor formation and ER-to-Golgi transport of FV/FVIII
Authors: Zheng Chunlei , Liu Hui-hui , Yuan Shuguang , Zhou Jiahai , Zhang Bin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe LMAN1-MCFD2 (lectin, mannose binding 1/multiple coagulation factor deficiency protein 2) cargo receptor complex transports coagulation factors V (FV) and VIII (FVIII) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). LMAN1 (ERGIC-53) is a hexameric transmembrane protein with a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) on the ER luminal side. Here, we show that mutations in the first beta sheet of the CRD abolish MCFD2 binding without affecting the mannose binding, suggesting that LMAN1 interacts with MCFD2 through its N-terminal beta sheet, consistent with recently reported crystal structures of the CRD-MCFD2 complex. Mutations in the Ca2+- and sugar-binding sites of the CRD disrupt FV and FVIII interactions, without affecting MCFD2 binding. This interaction is independent of MCFD2, as LMAN1 mutants defective in MCFD2 binding can still interact with FVIII. Thus, the CRD of LMAN1 contains distinct, separable binding sites for both its partner protein (MCFD2) and the cargo proteins (FV/FVIII). Monomeric LMAN1 mutants are defective in ER exit and unable to interact with MCFD2, suggesting that the oligomerization of LMAN1 is necessary for its cargo receptor function. These results point to a central role of LMAN1 in regulating the binding in the ER and the subsequent release in the ERGIC of FV and FVIII.
How deadly is seasonal influenza-associated pneumonia? The German Competence Network for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: von Baum H. , Schweiger B. , Welte T. , Marre R. , Suttorp N. , Pletz M.W.R. , Ewig S. 
Published: September 2010

The emergence of new influenza virus subtypes has rekindled the interest in the clinical course and outcome of patients with influenza-associated pneumonia.Based on prospective data from 5,032 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) included in the German Competence Network for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAPNETZ), we studied the incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with influenza-associated CAP and compared these findings with patients without influenza. Diagnosis relied on a positive PCR for influenza in throat washings.160 patients with influenza-associated CAP were identified (3.2% of total population, 12% of those with defined aetiology). 34 (21%) patients with seasonal influenza had a concomitant pathogen (mostlyStreptococcus pneumoniae). Patients with influenza-associated CAP were significantly older, had been vaccinated less often and had preceding antibacterial treatment less often. 30-day mortality was low (4.4%) and not different to that of patients with pneumonia caused by bacterial (6.2%) or viral (other than influenza) pathogens (4%). Patients with influenza plus a bacterial pathogen (mixed influenza-associated pneumonia) had a higher mortality than those with pure influenza-associated pneumonia (9%versus3.2%).Mortality was higher in patients with mixed compared with pure influenza-associated pneumonia. However, we could not observe any excess mortality in patients with influenza-associated pneumonia.
Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnoea in an elderly French population
Authors: Sforza E. , Chouchou F. , Collet P. , Pichot V. , Barthélémy J.C. , Roche F. 
Published: September 2010

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) affects females and males differently, and increases in prevalence with age. The aim of the present study was to characterise clinical, anthropometric and polygraphic sex differences in a large elderly OSA population.A total of 641 subjects aged 68 yrs were examined. Measurements of fat mass, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and polygraphy, were obtained in all subjects. An apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) of >15 events·h−1identified the presence of OSA.OSA was diagnosed in 57% of the sample, 34% having a mild form and 23% having an AHI of >30 events·h−1. Females with OSA exhibited a lower AHI, less severe hypoxaemia and greater peripheral fat mass, and frequently reported anxiety and depression. Comparison of females with and without OSA did not reveal significant differences in clinical, anthropometric and DEXA data. After adjustment for body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, anxiety and depression, logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of hypertension was significantly associated with OSA risk in females (OR 1.52, p = 0.04).In a general community healthy population, the prevalence of undiagnosed OSA in females increases with age, with a risk similar to that in males. In females, the clinical spectrum, anthropometric data and fat distribution appear to be more sex-related than OSA-dependent. The occurrence of OSA contributes to hypertensive risk in elderly females.
SerpinB1 in cystic fibrosis airway fluids: quantity, molecular form and mechanism of elastase inhibition
Authors: Cooley J. , Sontag M.K. , Accurso F.J. , Remold-O’Donnell E. 
Published: September 2010

Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), especially elastase, are major agents of lung destruction in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. This study investigated SerpinB1, a highly efficient inhibitor of NSPs, in CF lung disease.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 31 children with CF and 24 control children was examined for amount and molecular species of SerpinB1, and its mechanism of action was studied.CF BALF had more SerpinB1 than control BALF (geometric mean 3.9 (95% CI 2.60–5.62)versus1.37 (1.20–1.55) μg·mL−1; p<0.001). BALF levels of SerpinB1 were higher for infectedversusuninfected CF subjects (5.5versus2.7 μg·mL−1; p<0.04) and substantially higher for elastase-positiveversus-negative CF subjects (8.41versus1.89 μg·mL−1; p<0.001). Most SerpinB1 in CF BALF had been cleaved. Adding recombinant SerpinB1 to CF BALF stoichiometrically inhibited endogenous elastase, indicating that the inhibitor functions in the CF microenvironment.In vitrosimulations comparing SerpinB1 and α1-antitrypsin (SerpinA1) showed that both rapidly form irreversible inhibitory covalent complexes with elastase and that these differed in survival time. The SerpinB1–elastase complex survived only briefly due to fragmentation of bound elastase, releasing cleaved SerpinB1, the molecular form in CF BALF.The findings define an innate role for SerpinB1 in CF airways.