bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From chemistry to genomics: A concise history of the porphyrias
Authors: Badminton Michael N. , Anderson Karl E. , Deybach Jean‐Charles , Harper Pauline , Sandberg Sverre , Elder George H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe describe developments in understanding of the porphyrias associated with each step in the haem biosynthesis pathway and the role of individuals whose contributions led to major advances over the past 150 years. The first case of erythropoietic porphyria was reported in 1870, and the first with acute porphyria in 1889. Photosensitisation by porphyrin was confirmed by Meyer‐Betz, who self‐injected haematoporphyrin. Günther classified porphyrias into haematoporphyria acuta, acuta toxica, congenita and chronica. This was revised by Waldenström into porphyria congenita, acuta and cutanea tarda, with the latter describing those with late‐onset skin lesions. Waldenström was the first to recognise porphobilinogen's association with acute porphyria, although its structure was not solved until 1953. Hans Fischer was awarded the Nobel prize in 1930 for solving the structure of porphyrins and the synthesis of haemin. After 1945, research by several groups elucidated the pathway of haem biosynthesis and its negative feedback regulation by haem. By 1961, following the work of Watson, Schmid, Rimington, Goldberg, Dean, Magnus and others, aided by the availability of modern techniques of porphyrin separation, six of the porphyrias were identified and classified as erythropoietic or hepatic. The seventh, 5‐aminolaevulinate dehydratase deficiency porphyria, was described by Doss in 1979. The discovery of increased hepatic 5‐aminolaevulinate synthase activity in acute porphyria led to development of haematin as a treatment for acute attacks. By 2000, all the haem biosynthesis genes were cloned, sequenced and assigned to chromosomes and disease‐specific mutations identified in all inherited porphyrias. These advances have allowed definitive family studies and development of new treatments.
Competing discourses, contested roles: Electronic health records in medical education
Authors: Huang Daniel , Whitehead Cynthia , Kuper Ayelet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe integration of electronic health records (EHRs) into medical education remains contested despite their widespread use in clinical practice. For medical trainees, this has resulted in idiosyncratic and often ad hoc methods of instruction on EHR use. The purpose of this study was to understand the currently fragmented nature of EHR instruction by examining discourses of EHR use within the medical education literature.MethodsWe conducted a Foucauldian critical discourse analysis to identify discourses of EHRs in the medical education literature. We found our texts through a systematic search of widely cited medical education journals from 2013–2023. Each text was analysed for recurring truth statements—claims framed as self‐evidently true and thus not needing supporting evidence—about the role of EHRs in medical education.ResultsWe identified three major discourses: (1) EHRs as a clinical skill and competency, emphasising training of physical interactions between learners, patients and computers; (2) EHRs as a system, emphasising the creation and facilitation of networks of people, technologies, institutions and standards; and (3) EHRs as a cognitive process, framed as a method to shape processes like clinical reasoning and bias. Each discourse privileged certain stakeholders over others and served to rationalise educational interventions that could be seen as beneficial in isolation yet were often disjointed in combination.ConclusionsCompeting discourses of EHR use in medical education produce divergent interventions that exacerbate their contested role in contemporary medical education. Identifying different claims for the benefits of EHR use in these settings allows educators to make rational choices between competing educational directions.
AtHVA22a, a plant‐specific homologue of Reep/DP1/Yop1 family proteins is involved in turnip mosaic virus propagation
Authors: Xue Mingshuo , Sofer Luc , Simon Vincent , Arvy Nathalie , Diop Mamoudou , Lion Roxane , Beucher Guillaume , Bordat Amandine , Tilsner Jens , Gallois Jean‐Luc , German‐Retana Sylvie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe movement of potyviruses, the largest genus of single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA viruses responsible for serious diseases in crops, is very complex. As potyviruses developed strategies to hijack the host secretory pathway and plasmodesmata (PD) for their transport, the goal of this study was to identify membrane and/or PD‐proteins that interact with the 6K2 protein, a potyviral protein involved in replication and cell‐to‐cell movement of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Using split‐ubiquitin membrane yeast two‐hybrid assays, we screened an Arabidopsis cDNA library for interactors of TuMV6K2. We isolated AtHVA22a (Hordeum vulgare abscisic acid responsive gene 22), which belongs to a multigenic family of transmembrane proteins, homologous to Receptor expression‐enhancing protein (Reep)/Deleted in polyposis (DP1)/Yop1 family proteins in animal and yeast. HVA22/DP1/Yop1 family genes are widely distributed in eukaryotes, but the role of HVA22 proteins in plants is still not well known, although proteomics analysis of PD fractions purified from Arabidopsis suspension cells showed that AtHVA22a is highly enriched in a PD proteome. We confirmed the interaction between TuMV6K2 and AtHVA22a in yeast, as well as in planta by using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and showed that TuMV6K2/AtHVA22a interaction occurs at the level of the viral replication compartment during TuMV infection. Finally, we showed that the propagation of TuMV is increased when AtHVA22a is overexpressed in planta but slowed down upon mutagenesis of AtHVA22a by CRISPR‐Cas9. Altogether, our results indicate that AtHVA22a plays an agonistic effect on TuMV propagation and that the C‐terminal tail of the protein is important in this process.
‘AgTech’ and the restructuring of agrifood labour regimes: Digital technologies, migrant labour and the intensification of production in the UK glasshouse sector
Authors: Smith Adrian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article examines the challenges surrounding the adoption of robotic automation and ‘AgTech’ in glasshouse agrifood production and considers ways in which growers and technology capital are seeking to transform the organisation of work at the point of production because of digital technological interventions. The article does so by examining the deployment by growers of ‘AgTech’ in the glasshouse agrifood sector in the context of the labour regime centred around seasonal migrant labour supply in the UK. The article makes three main contributions. Conceptually it centres technological transformation of the workplace within the context of wider labour regimes. Second, it argues that transformations of the labour process at the point of production through the introduction of ‘AgTech’ are one response by growers to labour supply shortages. Third, it examines the attempts by grower capital to intensify and fragment the nature of work as a result of the introduction of ‘AgTech’.
Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell‐based therapy on the bone repair of hypertensive rats
Authors: Souza Alann Thaffarell Portilho , Freitas Gileade Pereira , Lopes Helena Bacha , Weffort Denise , Adolpho Leticia Faustino , Gomes Maria Paula Oliveira , Oliveira Fabiola Singaretti , Almeida Adriana Luisa Gonçalves , Beloti Marcio Mateus , Rosa Adalberto Luiz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveHypertension disrupts the bone integrity and its repair ability. This study explores the efficiency of a therapy based on the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to repair bone defects of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).MethodsFirst, we evaluated SHR in terms of bone morphometry and differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. Then, the effects of the interactions between MSCs from normotensive rats (NTR‐MSCs) cocultured with SHR (SHR‐MSCs) on the osteoblast differentiation of both cell populations were evaluated. Also, bone formation into calvarial defects of SHR treated with NTR‐MSCs was analyzed.ResultsHypertension induced bone loss evidenced by reduced bone morphometric parameters of femurs of SHR compared with NTR as well as decreased osteoblast differentiation of SHR‐MSCs compared with NTR‐MSCs. NTR‐MSCs partially restored the capacity of SHR‐MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts, while SHR‐MSCs exhibited a slight negative effect on NTR‐MSCs. An enhanced bone repair was observed in defects treated with NTR‐MSCs compared with control, stressing this cell therapy efficacy even in bones damaged by hypertension.ConclusionThe use of MSCs derived from a heathy environment can be in the near future a smart approach to treat bone loss in the context of regenerative dentistry for oral rehabilitation of hypertensive patients.
KIN10‐mediated HB16 protein phosphorylation and self‐association improve cassava disease resistance by transcriptional activation of lignin biosynthesis genes
Authors: Yan Yu , Wang Peng , He Jiaoyan , Shi Haitao 
Published: May 2024

SummaryCassava bacterial blight significantly affects cassava yield worldwide, while major cassava cultivars are susceptible to this disease. Therefore, it is crucial to identify cassava disease resistance gene networks and defence molecules for the genetic improvement of cassava cultivars. In this study, we found that MeHB16 transcription factor as a differentially expressed gene in cassava cultivars with contrasting disease resistance, positively modulated disease resistance by modulating defence molecule lignin accumulation. Further investigation showed that MeHB16 physically interacted with itself via the leucine‐Zippe domain (L‐Zip), which was necessary for the transcriptional activation of downstream lignin biosynthesis genes. In addition, protein kinase MeKIN10 directly interacted with MeHB16 to promote its phosphorylation at Ser6, which in turn enhanced MeHB16 self‐association and downstream lignin biosynthesis. In summary, this study revealed the molecular network of MeKIN10‐mediated MeHB16 protein phosphorylation improved cassava bacterial blight resistance by fine‐tuning lignin biosynthesis and provides candidate genes and the defence molecule for improving cassava disease resistance.
Dissecting root system architecture traits in durum wheat–goatgrass (Triticum durum–Aegilops speltoides) backcross introgression lines
Authors: Navaneetha Krishnan Jayaraman , Kumar Uttam , Dhillon Guriqbal Singh , Singh Rohtas , Sandhu Nitika , Kaur Satinder , Chhuneja Parveen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA well‐developed root system is essential for efficient nutrient and water uptake. We phenotyped a set of 172 Triticum durum–Aegilops speltoides backcross introgression lines (BILs) for various root architecture traits during 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 cropping seasons. The roots were sampled at the maximum tillering stage, and data on various root architecture traits were recorded. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was carried out using 5672 polymorphic SNPs obtained from genotyping‐by‐sequencing. A total of 21 QTLs were detected for various root architecture traits on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 5A and 6B. Stable QTLs were detected for total root length, number of root tips and root dry weight over the two seasons. Candidate genes were identified by scanning the physical interval corresponding to the linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay flanking the SNPs linked to the stable QTLs. In silico expression studies of postulated candidate genes revealed root‐specific upregulation of some of the genes. These QTLs can be used in breeding programmes after the development and validation of suitable marker assays.
Impact of ventricular assist device use on pediatric heart transplant waitlist mortality: Analysis of the scientific registry of transplant recipients database
Authors: Butto Arene , Wright Lydia K. , Dyal Jameson , Mao Chad Y. , Garcia Richard , Mahle William T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren awaiting heart transplant (Tx) have a high risk of death due to donor organ scarcity. Historically, ventricular assist devices (VADs) reduced waitlist mortality, prompting increased VAD use. We sought to determine whether the VAD survival benefit persists in the current era.MethodsUsing the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we identified patients listed for Tx between 3/22/2016 and 9/1/2020. We compared characteristics of VAD and non‐VAD groups at Tx listing. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors for 1‐year waitlist mortality.ResultsAmong 5054 patients, 764 (15%) had a VAD at Tx listing. The VAD group was older with more mechanical ventilation and renal impairment. Unadjusted waitlist mortality was similar between groups; the curves crossed ~90 days after listing (p = .55). In multivariable analysis, infant age (HR 2.77, 95%CI 2.13–3.60), Black race (HR 1.57, 95%CI 1.31–1.88), congenital heart disease (HR 1.23, 95%CI 1.04–1.46), renal impairment (HR 2.67, 95%CI 2.19–3.26), inotropes (HR 1.28, 95%CI 1.09–1.52), and mechanical ventilation (HR 2.23, 95%CI 1.84–2.70) were associated with 1‐year waitlist mortality. VADs were not associated with mortality in the first 90 waitlist days but were protective for those waiting ≥90 days (HR 0.43, 95%CI 0.26–0.71).ConclusionsIn the current era, VADs reduce waitlist mortality, but only for those waitlisted ≥90 days. The differential effect by race, size, and VAD type is less clear. These findings suggest that Tx listing without VAD may be reasonable if a short waitlist time is anticipated, but VADs may benefit those expected to wait >90 days.
The isomorphism problem for oligomorphic groups with weak elimination of imaginaries
Authors: Paolini Gianluca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn Kechris et al. [J. Symb. Log. 83 (2018), no. 3, 1190–1203], it was asked if equality on the reals is sharp as a lower bound for the complexity of topological isomorphism between oligomorphic groups. We prove that under the assumption of weak elimination of imaginaries, this is indeed the case. Our methods are model theoretic and they also have applications on the classical problem of reconstruction of isomorphisms of permutation groups from (topological) isomorphisms of automorphisms groups. As a concrete application, we give an explicit description of for any vector space of dimension over a finite field, in affinity with the classical description for finite‐dimensional spaces due to Schreier and van der Waerden.
Infinitely many Riemann surfaces with a transitive action on the Weierstrass points
Authors: Reyes‐Carocca Sebastián , Speziali Pietro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this short note, we prove the existence of infinitely many pairwise nonisomorphic, non‐hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces with automorphism group acting transitively on the Weierstrass points. We also find all compact Riemann surfaces with automorphism group acting transitively on the Weierstrass points, under the assumption that they are simple.
An Integrated Dimension Theory and Modulation Signal Bispectrum Technique for Analyzing Bearing Fault in Industrial Fibrizer
Authors: Salunkhe Vishal G. , Khot S. M. , Desavale R. G. , Yelve Nitesh P. , Jadhav Prashant S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the dynamics of roller bearings by utilizing the dimension theory technique to diagnose the bearing clearance faults of revolving machines. The generation of local defects in rotating machines is closely related to the clearance behavior of the rotor-bearing system. A dynamic model of bearing with dimension theory by matrix method (DTMM) is developed for characteristics of bearing clearance considering the influence of local defects on the inner and outer bearings races. The characteristics of bearing internal radial clearance considering the impact of the defect on the bearing are analyzed. An experimental study has been performed under various operational conditions. The noisy signal is subsequently eliminated using the modulation signal bispectrum (MSB). The efficiency and reliability of the stated approach are evaluated using a specialized bearing test and a run-to-failure fibrizer test. As a result, this technology offers a significant opportunity to execute more cost-effective maintenance work to eliminate the breakdown of machinery.
Effects of Fetal Position on the Loading of the Fetal Brain During the Onset of the Second Stage of Labor
Authors: Collier Alice M. , Louwagie Erin , Khalid Ghaidaa A. , Jones Michael D. , Myers Kristin , Jerusalem Antoine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
During vaginal delivery, the delivery requires the fetal head to mold to accommodate the geometric constraints of the birth canal. Excessive molding can produce brain injuries and long-term sequelae. Understanding the loading of the fetal brain during the second stage of labor (fully dilated cervix, active pushing, and expulsion of fetus) could thus help predict the safety of the newborn during vaginal delivery. To this end, this study proposes a finite element model of the fetal head and maternal canal environment that is capable of predicting the stresses experienced by the fetal brain at the onset of the second phase of labor. Both fetal and maternal models were adapted from existing studies to represent the geometry of full-term pregnancy. Two fetal positions were compared: left-occiput-anterior and left-occiput-posterior. The results demonstrate that left-occiput-anterior position reduces the maternal tissue deformation, at the cost of higher stress in the fetal brain. In both cases, stress is concentrated underneath the sutures, though the location varies depending on the presentation. In summary, this study provides a patient-specific simulation platform for the study of vaginal delivery and its effect on both the fetal brain and maternal anatomy. Finally, it is suggested that such an approach has the potential to be used by obstetricians to support their decision-making processes through the simulation of various delivery scenarios.
mTOR signaling is required for phagocyte free radical production, GLUT1 expression, and control of
Staphylococcus aureus
infection
Authors: Genito Christopher J. , Darwitz Benjamin P. , Reber Callista P. , Moorman Nathaniel J. , Graves Christina L. , Monteith Andrew J. , Thurlow Lance R. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of metabolism in the mammalian cell. Here, we show the essential role for mTOR signaling in the immune response to bacterial infection. Inhibition of mTOR during infection with
Staphylococcus aureus
revealed that mTOR signaling is required for bactericidal free radical production by phagocytes. Mechanistically, mTOR supported glucose transporter GLUT1 expression, potentially through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, upon phagocyte activation. Cytokine and chemokine signaling, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and p65 nuclear translocation were present at similar levels during mTOR suppression, suggesting an NF-κB-independent role for mTOR signaling in the immune response during bacterial infection. We propose that mTOR signaling primarily mediates the metabolic requirements necessary for phagocyte bactericidal free radical production. This study has important implications for the metabolic requirements of innate immune cells during bacterial infection as well as the clinical use of mTOR inhibitors.

IMPORTANCE

Sirolimus, everolimus, temsirolimus, and similar are a class of pharmaceutics commonly used in the clinical treatment of cancer and the anti-rejection of transplanted organs. Each of these agents suppresses the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a master regulator of metabolism in human cells. Activation of mTOR is also involved in the immune response to bacterial infection, and treatments that inhibit mTOR are associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in the skin and soft tissue. Infections caused by
Staphylococcus aureus
are among the most common and severe. Our study shows that this susceptibility to
S. aureus
infection during mTOR suppression is due to an impaired function of phagocytic immune cells responsible for controlling bacterial infections. Specifically, we observed that mTOR activity is required for phagocytes to produce antimicrobial free radicals. These results have important implications for immune responses during clinical treatments and in disease states where mTOR is suppressed.
Determination of Trace Cd(II) in Water and Cosmetics based on Au/GO/CuO Nanocomposite Functionalized Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Cao Rui , Chen Guoshun , Feng Chuanyi , Qi Yu , Xiang Kun , Li Peipei , Wang Jun , Fu Xucheng , Yang Cheng , Wu Ju 
Published: May 2024

Cadmium (Cd(II)) is highly toxic to environmental, and while many approaches have been developed to measure cumulative Cd(II) concentration over time, online monitoring of spatiotemporal changes remains challenging. To address this, an electrochemical sensor for determination of ultra-trace Cd(II) was developed, based on gold/graphene oxide/copper oxide (Au/GO/CuO) nanomaterials modifying glassy carbon electrode. CuO nanoparticles were prepared by a green synthesis method using plant extract, and the Au nanoparticles were deposited on the GO/CuO nanosubstrates by an in situ electrochemical method. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The CuO nanoparticles are layered flower-like with an average particle size of 200–500 nm. Au/GO/CuO nanocomposites with high specific surface area and excellent electronic transmission capability enhanced the electrochemical signal of the sensor. Owing to the synergistic effect of Au/GO/CuO, the sensor exhibited good performance to Cd(II) in the ultra-wide range of 5 × 10−11–5 × 10−7 M with a detection limit of 2 × 10−11 M. The sensor was successfully quantified for determining Cd(II) with desirable recovery, displaying outstanding long-term stability, high sensitivity, and reproducibility. After validating its accuracy, this sensor was successfully used for detection of Cd(II) in water and cosmetic samples.
Tensor Product Technique and Atomic Solution of Fractional Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Hammad Ma’mon Abu , Alshanti Waseem Ghazi , Alshanty Ahmad , Khalil Roshdi 
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we investigate the atomic solution of a special type of fractional partial differential equations. Tensor product in Banach spaces, some properties of atom operators, and some properties of conformable fractional derivatives are utilized in such process.JEL Classification: 34G10, 34A55
There Is More to Length of Survival Than Survival: Endpoints in Oncology Trials
Authors: Stadler Walter M. , Karrison Theodore G. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryProgression-free survival as a primary endpoint for comparative trials does not fully capture the therapeutic risk/benefit ratio. Additionally, summarization of the treatment effect via a hazard ratio is problematic when the proportional hazards assumption is violated. Restricted mean survival time metrics may address these challenges but have other limitations.See related article by Chang et al., p. 3282