bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Peptide and Small‐Molecule HIV‐1 Fusion Inhibitors that Target gp41
Authors: Cai Lifeng , Jiang Shibo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt has been 25 years since the development of the first efficient HIV‐1/AIDS treatment. Scientists now know more about the HIV‐1 infection life cycle, and more than 30 antiretroviral drugs have been developed, including HIV‐1 fusion inhibitors. Fundamental work was begun in the early 1990s and led to the development of a novel class of anti‐HIV‐1 drugs, culminating in a peptide known as T20, which is currently the only HIV‐1 fusion inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. However, more work needs to be done to perfect the development of peptide and small‐molecule HIV fusion inhibitors, particularly those that target gp41. Herein we present a brief overview of the development of this class of anti‐HIV‐1 drug by focusing on the achievements, challenges, and lessons learned. We cite hallmark studies of the past and comment on future drug development.
Treatment of pituitary neoplasms with temozolomide
Authors: Syro Luis V. , Ortiz Leon D. , Scheithauer Bernd W. , Lloyd Ricardo , Lau Queenie , Gonzalez Ricardo , Uribe Humberto , Cusimano Michael , Kovacs Kalman , Horvath Eva 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTemozolomide, an orally administered alkylating agent, is used to treat malignant gliomas. Recent reports also have documented its efficacy in the treatment of pituitary adenomas and carcinomas. Temozolomide methylates DNA and thereby exhibits an antitumor effect. O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, removes alkylating adducts induced by temozolomide, counteracting its effects. The authors of this review conducted a Medline database search regarding temozolomide in the treatment of pituitary tumors. Demographic characteristics, tumor types, and therapeutic responses were noted in all patients. Data regarding MGMT immunoexpression, which was documented in some studies, were correlated with information regarding clinical and radiologic responses. To date, there have been 19 reported cases of adenohypophyseal tumors treated with temozolomide, including 13 adenomas and 6 carcinomas. Ten of those 13 adenomas responded favorably, and 2 nonresponsive tumors had high‐level MGMT immunoexpression. All 6 carcinomas responded to therapy, but data regarding MGMT expression were available for only 3 patients, and each had low MGMT expression. In 2 adenomas, morphologic studies were performed both before and after the patients received temozolomide. The responsive tumor had necrosis, hemorrhage, fibrosis, and neuronal differentiation. The nonresponsive tumor had no changes. There have been no reported complications attributable to temozolomide. The current results indicated that temozolomide is efficacious in the treatment of aggressive pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas. Evidence indicated that low‐level MGMT immunoexpression is correlated with a favorable response. A significant proportion of pituitary adenomas and carcinomas had low MGMT immunoexpression. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Local control after craniospinal irradiation, intensity‐modulated radiotherapy boost, and chemotherapy in childhood medulloblastoma
Authors: Paulino Arnold C. , Mazloom Ali , Teh Bin S. , South Michael , Okcu M. Fatih , Su Jack , Butler E. Brian , Chintagumpala Murali 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was conducted to determine whether the use of cochlear‐sparing intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) boost results in excess local failures in children with medulloblastoma.METHODS:Fifty children with a median age of 7.8 years underwent resection, craniospinal irradiation (CSI), IMRT posterior fossa (PF) and/or tumor bed (TB) boost, and cisplatin‐based chemotherapy for medulloblastoma. For standard‐risk patients, the CSI dose was 18 to 23.4 grays (Gy) and was followed either by an IMRT PF boost to 36 Gy and a TB boost of 54 to 55.8 Gy (n = 29) or by an IMRT TB boost to 55.8 Gy (n = 4). For high‐risk patients, the CSI dose was 36 to 39.6 Gy followed by an IMRT PF boost to 54 to 55.8 Gy (n = 8), an IMRT PF boost to 45 Gy and a TB boost to 55.8 Gy (n = 2), or an IMRT TB boost to 55.8 Gy (n = 7). For the TB boost, a 2‐cm margin around the surgical bed was treated in most patients.RESULTS:The 5‐year overall and progression‐free survival rates (±standard deviation) were 72% ± 6.6% and 68.3% ± 6.8%, respectively, for all patients; 77.8% ± 7.4% and 75.1% ± 7.6%, respectively, for standard‐risk patients; and 60.8% ± 12.8% and 55.4% ± 12.8%, respectively, for high‐risk patients. The 5‐year PF control rate was 90.5% ± 4.6%. TB failures occurred in 3 patients (including 2 patients who had distant failure), whereas an isolated non‐TB PF failure occurred in 1 patient.CONCLUSIONS:The use of IMRT was associated with excellent local control and did not result in excess PF failures outside of the TB. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Glucose metabolism gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Dong Xiaoqun , Tang Hongwei , Hess Kenneth R. , Abbruzzese James L. , Li Donghui 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Altered glucose metabolism is the most common metabolic hallmark of malignancies. The authors tested the hypothesis that glucose metabolism gene variations affect clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer.METHODS:The authors retrospectively genotyped 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 5 glucose metabolism genes in 154 patients with localized disease and validated the findings in 552 patients with different stages of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Association between genotypes and overall survival (OS) was evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models with adjustment for clinical predictors.RESULTS:Glucokinase (GCK) IVS1 + 9652C > T and hexokinase 2 (HK2) N692N homozygous variants were significantly associated with reduced OS in the training set of 154 patients (P < .001). These associations were confirmed in the validation set of 552 patients and in the combined dataset of all 706 patients (P ≤ .001). In addition, HK2 R844K variant K allele was associated with a better survival in the validation set and the combined dataset (P ≤ .001). When data were further analyzed by disease stage, glutamine‐fructose‐6‐phosphate transaminase (GFPT1) IVS14‐3094T>C, HK2 N692N and R844K in patients with localized disease and GCK IVS1 + 9652C>T in patients with advanced disease were significant independent predictors for OS (P ≤ .001). Haplotype CGG of GPI and GCTATGG of HK2 were associated with better OS, respectively, with P values of .004 and .007.CONCLUSIONS:The authors demonstrated that glucose metabolism gene polymorphisms affect clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer. These observations support a role of abnormal glucose metabolism in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Large deviations of interacting particle systems in infinite volume
Authors: Landim Claudio , Yau Horng‐Tzer 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe prove a large deviation theorem from the hydrodynamical limit for the empirical measure of Ginzburg‐Landau and zero range processes in infinite volume starting from deterministic initial configurations. In the Ginzburg‐Landau case the main tool is the study of the evolution of the H−1 norm and in the zero range case the attractiveness which allows couplings.
Regulation of Tbx22 during facial and palatal development
Authors: Fuchs Alisa , Inthal Andrea , Herrmann David , Cheng Shuofei , Nakatomi Mitsushiro , Peters Heiko , Neubüser Annette 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMutations in the gene encoding the T‐box transcription factor TBX22 cause X‐linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia in humans. Here we show that Tbx22 expression during facial and palatal development is regulated by FGF and BMP signaling. Our results demonstrate that FGF8 induces Tbx22 in the early face while BMP4 represses and thus restricts its expression. This regulation is conserved between chicken and mouse, although the Tbx22‐expression patterns differ considerably between these two species. We suggest that these species‐specific differences may result at least in part from differences in the spatiotemporal patterns of BMP activity, but we exclude a direct repression of Tbx22 by the BMP‐inducible transcriptional repressor MSX1. Together these findings help to integrate Tbx22 into the molecular network of factors regulating facial development. Developmental Dynamics 239:2860–2874, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of technical knowledge in European water policy‐making
Authors: van Overveld Perry J. M. , Hermans Leon M. , Verliefde Arne R. D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEnvironmental policy‐making often involves a mix of technical knowledge, normative choice and uncertainty. Numerous actors, each with their own distinct objectives, are involved in these policy‐making processes. One question these actors face, is how they can effectively communicate their technical knowledge and represent their interests in policy‐making. The objective of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the use of technical knowledge and its impact on decision‐making in the European Union. This is done for case of water policy‐making for organic micropollutants, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals. These pollutants enter the surface water in many ways and although concentrations are low, adverse effects cannot be ruled out. Via the EU Water Framework Directive, legislation has been developed to reduce the emissions of pollutants that pose a risk to ecology or public health. Using the advocacy coalition framework, the formal EU decision‐making processes are analyzed for the identification of priority pollutants (Priority Substances) and the derivation of maximum allowable concentrations (Environmental Quality Standards). To enable a detailed analysis, the focus is on three specific micropollutants that pose health risks via drinking water supply. The findings show the extent to which actors can influence the decision‐making process with technical knowledge. Early involvement in the drafting process that is led by the European Commission is important to influence decision‐making outcomes. For this, organizational capacity in coalitions to mobilize and coordinate the required targeted contribution of technical knowledge is crucial. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Initial Stages in the Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation of Primary Alcohols in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Eriksen Jette , Mønsted Lene , Mønsted Ole , Olsen Carl Erik , Schäffer Susan J. Cline 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of the catalytic H/D exchange in primary alcohol substrates derived from aldopentoses, promoted by a macrocyclic rhodium(III) complex, has been shown to occur by a reversible redox reaction that gives aldehyde and a rhodium–hydride complex. Hydride exchange in the latter complex promotes the introduction of solvent hydrogen in the primary alcohol formed by the reverse reaction. The hydride complex has been crystallographically characterized as a trifluoromethanesulfonate salt that contains the trans‐[Rh(cycb)(H)(OH2)]2+ (cycb = rac‐5,5,7,12,12,14‐hexamethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) cation. The hydride complex is stable for extended periods of time in acidic solution in the absence of oxidants. In basic solutions a series of base‐catalyzed reactions take place to yield ultimately the same mixture of [Rh(cycb)(OH)2]+ isomers as produced by base hydrolysis of the trans‐[Rh(cycb)(Cl)2]+ complex.
Prediction of quality of intact olives by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Cayuela José Antonio , Camino María del Carmen Pérez 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this work we investigated the intact olive fruit quality prediction parameters measured directly by visible and near infrared spectroscopy (Vis/NIRS); the usefulness of a portable spectrometer is also assessed. The analysed parameters of the olive fruits were moisture, dry matter, oil content, oil free acidity and fruit maturity index. It was also studied whether NIR prediction of dry matter on olives may be more useful than NIR moisture measurement. Likewise, the results from the NIR prediction of olive oil contents related to dry matter as well as to fresh weight, were compared. Models for oil content were developed using Soxhlet extraction from dried olive paste as the reference analysis. Results indicate a good prediction potential of the models for the olive quality parameters analysed, with RPD ratios from 2.51 to 3.18. The successful NIR predictions of these quality parameters are reported for the first time.Practical applications: The technique presented here can expedite the milling procedure by allowing early detection of the olive quality and a quick calculation of the economic returns to the producers becomes possible. Furthermore, since oil quality depends largely on the optimal harvesting date when the olives should be taken to the mill, techniques that enable the monitoring of the oil content in olive fruit at different stages of maturity, even while still on the tree, become a useful and practical tool. This technique could allow monitoring the quality attributes of large amounts of the olive fruit entering the mill without the need of laboratory analysis that can only be conducted on a small number of olive fruit samples.
Evaluation of Qualidem: a dementia‐specific quality of life instrument for persons with dementia in residential settings; scalability and reliability of subscales in four Dutch field surveys
Authors: Bouman A. I. E. , Ettema T. P. , Wetzels R. B. , van Beek A. P. A. , de Lange J. , Dröes R. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the scalability and reliability of Qualidem, a quality of life observation instrument rated by professional caregivers of persons with mild to very severe dementia living in residential settings.MethodData from four field surveys in the Netherlands were used. The instrument consists of nine subscales for mild to severe dementia; of which six can be applied in very severe dementia. The Mokken scaling model was used to compute scalability and reliability coefficients for each subscale and dementia group.ResultsSeven hundred fifty nine persons with mild to severe dementia and 214 persons with very severe dementia residing in 36 nursing homes and 4 homes for the elderly were included. In general, the subscales for the mild to severely demented group were scalable and (moderate) sufficiently reliable; the results confirmed the results of previous research to develop Qualidem. For the very severe demented group, four out of six subscales were scalable (Care relationship, H = 0.56; Positive affect, H = 0.55; Restless tense behavior, H = 0.42; and Social isolation, H = 0.34); they were also sufficiently reliable to measure quality of life (0.57 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.82). From the other two measured subscales, Social relations was considered not scalable (H = 0.26) and Negative affect was scalable (H = 0.36), but insufficiently reliable (ρ = 0.40).ConclusionQualidem is an easy to administer and overall moderately sufficient reliable rating scale that provides a quality of life profile of persons with mild to even very severe dementia living in residential settings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrocorticographic correlates of cognitive control in a stroop task—intracranial recording in epileptic patients
Authors: Koga Shinichiro , Rothermel Robert , Juhász Csaba , Nagasawa Tetsuro , Sood Sandeep , Asano Eishi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe human brain executes cognitive control, such as selection of relevant information in the presence of competing irrelevant information, and cognitive control is essential for us to yield a series of optimal behaviors in our daily life. This study assessed electrocorticographic γ‐oscillations elicited by cognitive control in the context of the Stroop color‐naming paradigm, with a temporal resolution of 10 msec and spatial resolution of 1 cm. Subjects were instructed to overtly read a color word printed in an incongruent color in the reading task, and to overtly name the ink color of a color word printed in an incongruent color in the Stroop color‐naming task. The latter task specifically elicited larger γ‐augmentations in the dorsolateral‐premotor, dorsolateral‐prefrontal and supplementary motor areas with considerable inter‐subject spatial variability. Such Stroop color‐naming‐specific γ‐augmentations occurred 500 to 200 msec prior to overt responses. Electrical stimulation of the sites showing Stroop color‐naming‐specific γ‐augmentations resulted in temporary naming impairment more frequently than that of the remaining sites. This study has provided direct evidence that a critical process of cognitive control in the context of Stroop color‐naming paradigm consists of recruitment of neurons essential for naming located in variable portions of the dorsolateral premotor and prefrontal areas. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photochemical crosslinking of soluble wool keratins produces a mechanically stable biomaterial that supports cell adhesion and proliferation
Authors: Sando Lillian , Kim Misook , Colgrave Michelle L. , Ramshaw John A. M. , Werkmeister Jerome A. , Elvin Christopher M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractKeratins extracted from various “hard tissues” such as wool, hair, and nails are increasingly being investigated as a source of abundant, biocompatible materials. In this study we explored a recent photochemical method to crosslink solubilized wool keratoses, with the aim of producing a mechanically favorable biomaterial. Wool proteins were isolated by oxidizing the disulfides and extracting the resulting soluble keratoses. The α‐ and γ‐keratose fractions were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to identify their constituent proteins. Hydrogels were produced by covalent crosslinking of the α‐keratoses via a photo‐oxidative process catalyzed by blue light, a ruthenium complex, and persulfate. The presence of dityrosine crosslinks was demonstrated by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses. The crosslinked α‐keratose material had moderate tensile strength and elasticity, and high adhesive strength. The material displayed modest shrinking after crosslinking, however the shrinking could be prevented by crosslinking in the presence of 2.5% glycerol, resulting in gels that did not shrink or swell. Small solutes such as Tris and glycerol influenced the crosslink density and elastic modulus of the crosslinked material. The α‐keratose was able to support adhesion and growth of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in vitro. The fabrication of mechanically stable keratin biomaterials by this facile photo‐crosslinking method may be useful for various tissue engineering applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Effects of exogenous phosphorus and silicon on osteoblast differentiation at the interface with bioactive ceramics
Authors: Gupta Gautam , Kirakodu Sreenatha , El‐Ghannam Ahmed 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this study, we have investigated the effects of dissolved phosphorus and silicon on osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts were seeded on silica–calcium phosphate composites (SCPCS), hydroxyapatite (HA‐200), and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and incubated over 4 days in media containing 0 {minimal essential medium [MEM] (−)} or 3 mM β‐glycerophosphate [MEM (+)]. Inductively coupled plasma analysis showed that P‐content in original MEM (+) was 225% higher than that in MEM (−). Moreover, P‐content in MEM (+) significantly increased to 3.4–4.4 mM and 3.6–4.7 mM after 2 and 4 days incubation with SCPC, respectively, owing to material dissolution and exogenous phosphate supplementation. In contrast, P‐content in MEM (+) showed no change upon incubation with HA or TCPS. The P‐content in MEM (−) incubated with SCPC was considerably lower than that in MEM (+). SCPC exhibited controlled Si‐release in cell culture media [MEM (−) or MEM (+)], with Si‐rich SCPC showing a significantly greater dissolution than Si‐poor SCPC. Moreover, SCPC, unlike HA, demonstrated a cell‐ and solution‐mediated dissolution over 4 days. Quantitative real‐time PCR showed that in MEM (−), osteocalcin and osteopontin mRNA expression on Si‐rich SCPC was significantly greater than that on HA, suggesting that Si plays an important role in enhancing bone‐cell differentiation. However, osteoblast phenotypic expression on SCPC was significantly decreased after 4 days incubation in MEM (+), indicating that sustained exposure to elevated P‐levels in the media can downregulate osteoblast function. Our results demonstrate that the controlled dissolution of SCPC provides a natural stimulus for bone‐cell differentiation in vitro and could obviate the need of exogenous phosphate supplementation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Modifications of a calcium phosphate cement with biomolecules—Influence on nanostructure, material, and biological properties
Authors: Vater Corina , Lode Anja , Bernhardt Anne , Reinstorf Antje , Nies Berthold , Gelinsky Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCalcium phosphate cements (CPC), forming hydroxyapatite during the setting reaction, are characterized by good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, however, their remodeling into native bone tissue is slow. One strategy to improve remodeling and bone regeneration is the directed modification of their nanostructure. In this study, a CPC was set in the presence of cocarboxylase, glucuronic acid, tartaric acid, α‐glucose‐1‐phosphate, L‐arginine, L‐aspartic acid, and L‐lysine, respectively, with the aim to influence formation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals through the functional groups of these biomolecules. Except for glucuronic acid, all these modifications resulted in the formation of smaller and more agglomerated hydroxyapatite particles which had a positive impact on the biological performance indicated by first experiments with the human osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19. Moreover, adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) as well as binding of the growth factors BMP‐2 and VEGF was investigated on CPC modified with cocarboxylase, arginine, and aspartic acid. Initial adhesion of hBMSC was improved on these three modifications and proliferation was enhanced on CPC modified with cocarboxylase and arginine whereas osteogenic differentiation remained unaffected. Modification of the CPC with arginine and aspartic acid, but not with cocarboxylase, led to a higher BMP‐2 binding. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Enhancement of the blood compatibility of dialyzer membranes by the physical adsorption of human thrombomodulin (ART‐123)
Authors: Omichi Masaaki , Matsusaki Michiya , Kato Shinya , Maruyama Ikuro , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: September 2010

AbstractART‐123 is a recombinant soluble human thrombomodulin (hTM) with excellent anticoagulant activity. We focused on improving the blood compatibility of the polysulfone ‐ polyvinylpyrrolidone dialyzer surface by the physical adsorption of ART‐123 onto the surface. The blood compatibility of the dialyzer with the hTM adsorbed membrane was evaluated by measuring the differential pressure between the arterial and the venous pressures and by blood parameters during blood circulation. The hTM adsorbed dialyzer membrane inhibited blood clot formation without heparin administration due to the anticoagulant activity of hTM for over 4 h. The physically adsorbed hTM was stable during blood circulation, and it did not affect activated clotting time, which is significant drawback of heparin administration, and blood cell counts of RBC, WBC, or platelets. The physical adsorption of hTM onto the dialyzer membrane will be a simple and safe method to prevent blood coagulation during dialysis instead of heparin administration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010