bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of major depressive disorders and suicide in long‐term care facilities: a report from northern Thailand
Authors: WONGPAKARAN Nahathai , WONGPAKARAN Tinakon 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:  Depression is a common mental illness among elderly Thais, but little is known about the occurrence of major depressive disorders (MDD) in long‐term care (LTC) facilities. This study investigated the prevalence of MDD and suicide risk among residents in an LTC facility in northern Thailand.Methods:  For this cross‐sectional study, a care team conducted a screening program for MDD and suicide risk among LTC residents in 2011. The screening process used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15, the patient and caregiver versions of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, the Core Symptom Index and the Mini Mental State Examination.Results:  In total, 81 (of 113) residents participated in the study. The mean age was 76.96 ± 7.17 years old (range, 63–94), and 55.6% of participants were women. With the Mini Mental State Examination, 40.7% were found to have cognitive impairment, and with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, 23.5% met the criteria for current major depressive episodes. Though the majority was in the low‐risk group, 26 residents (32.1%) were reported as being at risk of suicide. The patient and caregiver versions of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 and the Core Symptom Index proved useful for predicting major depressive episodes among the residents (P < 0.001, P= 0.004, P= 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), including those with cognitive impairment (P= 0.006, P= 0.020, P= 0.049 and P= 0.012, respectively).Conclusions:  Nearly one‐quarter of LTC facility residents were found to suffer from MDD, and a suicide risk was reported for one‐third, though most of the cases were in the low‐risk category. Further studies with a larger sample size are recommended to make these findings more precise and universally applicable.
Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Elongated (Ca,Dy)‐α‐Sialon Powder via Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation
Authors: Huang Juntong , Zhou Heping , Huang Zhaohui , Liu Guanghua , Fang Minghao , Liu Yan'gai 
Published: March 2012

(Ca,Dy) co‐stabilized α‐Sialon with elongated grains was prepared from SiO2–AlN–CaF2–Dy2O3 powders by carbothermal reduction‐nitridation (CRN) at 1700°C. Detailed investigations on the formation process of (Ca,Dy)‐α‐Sialon elongated grains performed under various firing conditions revealed that the big quartz particles were initially reduced and decomposed gradually by carbon, and a large number of ball‐shaped particles consisting of amorphous (Si,Al,Ca,Dy)x(O,N)y were formed. With increasing temperature, nitrogen continuously diffused into the liquid to form nitrogen‐rich solid balls. Further increasing the temperature to 1700°C and held for 2 h, hollow α‐Sialon spheres with nanometric particles were obtained from nitrogen‐rich solid balls. Subsequently, the framework structure of hollow spheres was destroyed at 1700°C for 3 h, and (Ca,Dy)‐α‐Sialon grains grew up continuously by consuming nanometric particles in the rough interface via Ostwald ripening and growth stages moving on the smooth interface. Finally, (Ca,Dy)‐α‐Sialon developed well‐defined crystalline elongated grains because the growth rate of rough surfaces is more rapid than that of smooth surfaces.
Correlation Between the Microstructure and Electrical Properties in High‐Performance (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Hao Jigong , Bai Wangfeng , Li Wei , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: March 2012

Using three different sintering methods: spark plasma sintering, two‐step sintering, and normal sintering (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 (BCZT) lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics with grain sizes in the range of 0.4–32.2 μm were prepared. The effects of grain size on the electrical properties and temperature stability of BCZT ceramics were systematically investigated. Results showed that reducing grain size shifted both the Tc and TT‐R to higher temperatures, and tended to enhance the relaxor behavior. A strong dependence of piezoelectric properties on the grain size was observed, and ~10 μm was a critical point for fabricating high‐performance BCZT ceramics. For samples with grain sizes >10 μm, excellent piezoelectric properties of kp > 0.48, kt > 0.46, d33 > 470 pC/N and d33* > 950 pm/V were obtained. Moreover, no evident relationship between the grain size and temperature stability existed in this material, and all samples exhibited thermal instability below the Curie temperature. However, increasing grain size was helpful for improving the resistance to thermal depoling. The depolarization was assisted by internal mechanical stresses and the movement of 180° and 90° domain walls, which explained the increased resistance to thermal depoling in coarse‐grained samples.
Progreso económico y social en las redes productivas mundiales. Nuevo paradigma
Authors: BARRIENTOS Stephanie , GEREFFI Gary , ROSSI Arianna 
Published: March 2012

Resumen.Uno de los retos principales para promover el trabajo decente es cómo mejorar la posición de empresas y trabajadores en las cadenas de valor y las redes de producción mundiales. Los autores elaboran un marco de análisis de los nexos que existen entre el progreso económico de las empresas y el progreso social de los trabajadores. Partiendo de una serie de estudios anteriores —en especial, de una investigación sobre el ramo de la confección de Marruecos— según los cuales el progreso económico no depara automáticamente progreso social, los autores exponen diversas trayectorias y posibilidades que ayudan a esclarecer la relación entre ambos procesos.
Género y conciliación de trabajo y familia en el Irán
Authors: Mehdizadeh Narjes 
Published: March 2012

Resumen.La compaginación del trabajo y la vida familiar no está tan organizada en los países en desarrollo como en el mundo desarrollado, pero también en ellos se recrudece este problema. La autora estudia lo que sucede en la República Islámica del Irán —un país en que las mujeres sólo alcanzaban el 12,5 por ciento de la población activa en 2006— y las causas de la situación. Partiendo de una encuesta a 800 madres con estudios superiores, explica que es indispensable potenciar las guarderías para que estas mujeres puedan incorporarse plenamente a la actividad económica. Aboga por que se adopten medidas que conjuguen los medios «oficiales» e informales de cuidado de los hijos con la normativa acerca de la jornada de trabajo.
Vertical Bone Augmentation Using Different Osteoconductive Scaffolds Combined with Barrier Domes in the Rat Calvarium
Authors: Zigdon Hadar , Lewinson Dina , Bick Tova , Machtei Eli E. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: To compare the regenerative potential for vertical bone augmentation of various osteoconductive scaffolds when used in conjunction with barrier domes.Materials and Methods: Following exposure and perforation of the calvarium, a gold occlusive dome was filled with the tested scaffold and anchored by fixation screws. Flaps were repositioned and secured. The four treatment groups, three to five rats each, were as follows: Bio‐Oss collagen (BOC), β‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP), collagen sponge (COL), and empty domes (C). Rats were sacrificed 8 weeks later, and specimens were prepared for histological and histomorphometric analysis. Vertical bone height and total tissue height were measured.Results: The newly regenerated bone appeared mature, highly vascularized, and with no signs of inflammation. Vertical bone height in the TCP group (mean 2.04 ± 0.2 mm) was greater than all other groups (0.76 ± 0.02, 1.52 ± 0.18, and 1.77 ± 0.61 mm for the BOC, C, and COL, respectively) but significantly only for the BOC group (p = .0145). Total tissue height was significantly higher (p < .0001) in both BOC and TCP groups (4.48 ± 0.23 and 5.5 ± 0.24 mm, respectively) compared with COL (3.22 ± 0.11 mm) and C (2.39 ± 0.3 mm) groups.Conclusion: TCP in conjunction with barrier dome resulted in greater vertical bone augmentation in the calvarium of rats.
Effects of fermented aloe vera mixed diet on larval growth of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) (coleopteran:Cetoniidae) and protective effects of its extract against CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: KANG Mingu , KANG Changgeun , LEE Hyunkyoung , KIM Euikyung , KIM Jongshu , KWON Ohseok , LEE Hyoki , KANG Hyunjun , KIM Chunghui , JANG Heeseung 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fermented aloe vera mixed diet on larval growth of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) (coleopteran: Cetoniidae) and protective effects of extract of larvae of P. brevitarsis seulensis fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet against Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague–Dawley rats. To determine whether different diets can affect the larval growth of P. brevitarsis seulensis, six different diets were investigated in the experiment, and the results exhibited that 15% fermented aloe vera with 85% fermented oakwood sawdust was the best diet for larval growth of this insect, followed by 9% fermented aloe vera with 91% fermented oakwood sawdust. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (n= 30) were separated into five groups of six each, as follows: control group; CCl4 group; CCl4 plus larval extract group (without fermented aloe vera); CCl4 plus 9% and 15% larval extract groups (with fermented aloe vera). All extract groups were fed with 30 mg/kg extracts of fermented oakwood sawdust only and fermented oakwood sawdust plus 9% and 15% fermented aloe vera, respectively, once every consecutive day, with administration of CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg, 20% CCl4 in olive oil) twice a week for 3 weeks. Administration of CCl4 increased the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotranseferase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in rats and reduced levels of glutathione in the liver. Treatment with extract of larval‐fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet significantly alleviated these changes to nearly normal levels. The histopathological changes induced by CCl4 were also significantly attenuated by extract of larval‐fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet treatment. The results suggest that the beneficial effect of fermented aloe vera mixed diet on larval growth may be to stimulate the larval life cycle, and 15% larval‐fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet exhibits potent hepatoprotective effects on CCl4‐induced liver injury in rats, likely due to increased glutathione contents and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
All‐Trans Retinal Mediates Light‐Induced Oxidation in Single Living Rod Photoreceptors†
Authors: Masutomi Kosuke , Chen Chunhe , Nakatani Kei , Koutalos Yiannis 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAll‐trans retinal is a potent photosensitizer that is released in photoreceptor outer segments by the photoactivated visual pigment following the detection of light. Photoreceptor outer segments also contain high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and are thus particularly susceptible to oxidative damage such as that initiated by light via a photosensitizer. Upon its release, all‐trans retinal is reduced within the outer segment to all‐trans retinol, through a reaction requiring metabolic input in the form of NADPH. The phototoxic potential of physiologically generated all‐trans retinal was examined in single living rod photoreceptors obtained from frog (Rana pipiens) retinas. Light‐induced oxidation was measured with fluorescence imaging using an oxidation‐sensitive indicator dye from the shift in fluorescence between the intact and oxidized forms. Light‐induced oxidation was highest in metabolically compromised rod outer segments following photoactivation of the visual pigment rhodopsin, and after a time interval, sufficiently long to ensure the release of all‐trans retinal. Furthermore, light‐induced oxidation increased with the concentration of exogenously added all‐trans retinal. The results show that the all‐trans retinal generated during the detection of light can mediate light‐induced oxidation. Its removal through reduction to all‐trans retinol protects photoreceptor outer segments against light‐induced oxidative damage.
Oral status, oral hygiene, and patient satisfaction in the elderly with dental implants dependent on substantial needs of care for daily living
Authors: Olerud Eva , Hagman‐Gustafsson Marie‐Louise , Gabre Pia 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT Using osseointegrated implants to replace teeth is a routine procedure today. This study investigated oral status, oral hygiene habits, and patient satisfaction in elderly with dental implants who were dependent on substantial support for daily living. Twenty‐six persons over the age of 65 who were dependent on supportive care were examined. Data collected included the number of teeth and implants, plaque scores, bleeding on probing, and oral hygiene habits. Self‐perceived knowledge about managing their implants and satisfaction with the implants was recorded. Subjects had a total of 148 natural teeth and 144 implants. Only a few signs of oral disease were found and the tissues around implants were healthier than around natural teeth. No correlations between oral hygiene habits and plaque scores or bleeding were found. A majority of the subjects were satisfied with their implants. Dental implants have satisfactory function even in individuals who are elderly and have substantial needs for supportive care.
Constitutive gray hair in mice induced by melanocyte‐specific deletion of c‐Myc
Authors: Pshenichnaya Irina , Schouwey Karine , Armaro Marzia , Larue Lionel , Knoepfler Paul S. , Eisenman Robert N. , Trumpp Andreas , Delmas Véronique , Beermann Friedrich 
Published: March 2012

Summaryc‐Myc is involved in the control of diverse cellular processes and implicated in the maintenance of different tissues including the neural crest. Here, we report that c‐Myc is particularly important for pigment cell development and homeostasis. Targeting c‐Myc specifically in the melanocyte lineage using the floxed allele of c‐Myc and Tyr::Cre transgenic mice results in a congenital gray hair phenotype. The gray coat color is associated with a reduced number of functional melanocytes in the hair bulb and melanocyte stem cells in the hair bulge. Importantly, the gray phenotype does not progress with time, suggesting that maintenance of the melanocyte through the hair cycle does not involve c‐Myc function. In embryos, at E13.5, c‐Myc‐deficient melanocyte precursors are affected in proliferation in concordance with a reduction in numbers, showing that c‐Myc is required for the proper melanocyte development. Interestingly, melanocytes from c‐Myc‐deficient mice display elevated levels of the c‐Myc paralog N‐Myc. Double deletion of c‐Myc and N‐Myc results in nearly complete loss of the residual pigmentation, indicating that N‐Myc is capable of compensating for c‐Myc loss of function in melanocytes.
Trade and Regional Inequality
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pose Andrés 
Published: March 2012

abstractThis article examines the relationship between openness and within‐country regional inequality across 28 countries over the period 1975–2005. In particular, it tests whether increases in trade lead to rising inequalities, whether these inequalities recede in time, and whether increases in global trade affect the developed and developing worlds differently. Using static and dynamic panel data analysis, I found that while increases in trade per se do not lead to greater territorial polarization, in combination with certain country‐specific conditions, trade has a positive and significant association with regional inequality. States with higher interregional differences in sectoral endowments, a lower share of governmental expenditures, and a combination of high internal transaction costs with a higher degree of coincidence between the regional income distribution and regional foreign market access positions have experienced the greatest rise in territorial inequality when exposed to greater trade flows. Hence, changes in trade regimes have a more polarizing and enduring effect in low‐ and middle‐income countries whose structural features tend to enhance the trade‐inequality effect and whose levels of internal spatial inequality are, on average, significantly higher than in high‐income countries.
Fractures of the withers in horses
Authors: Piat P. , Blond L. , Spriet M. , Galuppo L. , Laverty S. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe objective was to determine the prognostic features and long‐term outcome of withers fractures in horses. Medical records and radiographs of 14 horses with withers fractures from 2 veterinary teaching hospitals were reviewed. Case details, presentation, clinical signs, radiographs, treatment and outcome were assessed. In all cases, withers fractures were found to occur following a fall on the back. Although horses were often presented with severe acute clinical signs, the long‐term prognosis was good, in the absence of neurological signs, and following extended conservative management (an approximate 6 month rest period).
Reasons for binge drinking among undergraduate students: An application of behavioural reasoning theory
Authors: Norman Paul , Conner Mark T. , Stride Chris B. 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. This study sought to apply behavioural reasoning theory (BRT) to the prediction of undergraduate students’ binge drinking intentions and behaviour. The reasons students use to justify and defend binge drinking may provide important information on motivations underlying such behaviour.Methods. Undergraduate students (N= 265) completed questionnaires assessing their reasons for and against binge drinking, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, intention, and past behaviour. Frequency of binge drinking was assessed at 1‐week follow‐up (N= 172).Results. A series of path analyses were conducted to assess the direct and indirect effects of the BRT variables on binge drinking intentions and behaviour. The variables under consideration accounted for 80% of the variance in binge drinking intentions (with past behaviour, reasons for binge drinking, and attitude having significant direct effects on intention), and 34% of the variance in binge drinking at 1‐week follow‐up (with past behaviour, perceived behavioural control, and intention having significant direct effects on future behaviour). Additional regression analyses revealed that respondents who strongly endorsed being sociable and having fun as reasons for binge drinking were more likely to intend to engage in binge drinking over the subsequent week.Conclusions. The results provide support for BRT as a framework for understanding undergraduate students’ binge drinking intentions and behaviour, and suggest that interventions need to focus on the social reasons for engaging in binge drinking in undergraduate students.
Predicting caregiver gains: A longitudinal study
Authors: Parveen Sahdia , Morrison Val 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. The aim of this study was to examine if changes in motivations to care, familism, illness perceptions, caregiver tasks, coping, and social support were related to caregiver reported gains (subjective feelings of satisfaction and rewards as a result of the care role).Design. A longitudinal design was employed whereby 123 caregivers completed a questionnaire at three time points: baseline, 3 months, and 9 months from baseline.Method. Independent variables were converted into residual change scores (between time 1 and time 2) and their influence on caregiver gains at time 2 and time 3 was examined.Results. Caregiver reported gains remained stable over time. Hierarchical regression analysis found that an increase in illness coherence was a strong predictor of caregiver gains at time 2, whereas predictors of time 3 gains included ethnicity, number of hours caregiving, and an increase in self‐distraction and denial as coping methods.Conclusion. The study has implications for the development of time‐specific interventions to increase caregiver gains and also for service development.
Effect of slice thickness on detectability in breast CT using a prewhitened matched filter and simulated mass lesions
Authors: Packard Nathan J. , Abbey Craig K. , Yang Kai , Boone John M. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose:Dedicated breast CT (bCT) is an emerging technology with the potential to improve the detection of breast cancer in screening and diagnostic capacities. Typically, the 3D volume reconstructed from the scanner is displayed as sectional images. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of section thickness on the detectability of simulated masses using a prewhitened matched filter (PWMF) as a model observer.Methods:A breast CT scanner has been designed and fabricated in the authors' laboratory with more than 200 women imaged in IRB‐approved phase I and phase II trials to date. Of these, 151 bilateral data sets were selected on the basis of low artifact content, sufficient breast coverage, and excluding cases with breast implants. BIRADS breast density ratings were available for 144 of these patients. Spherical mass lesions of diameter 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, and 15 mm were mathematically generated and embedded at random locations within the parenchymal region of each bCT volume. Microcalcifications were not simulated in this study. For each viewing plane (sagittal, axial, and coronal) and section thickness (ranging from 0.3 to 44 mm), section images of the breast parenchyma containing the lesion were generated from the reconstructed bCT data sets by averaging voxels over the length of the section. Using signal known exactly (SKE) model observer methodology, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed on each generated projected image using a PWMF based model observer. ROC curves were generated for each breast data set, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was evaluated as well as the sensitivity at 95% specificity.Results:For all lesion sizes, performance rises modestly to a peak before falling off substantially as section thickness increases over the range of the study. We find that the optimal section thickness tracks the size of the lesion to be detected linearly with a small positive offset and slopes ranging from 0.27 to 0.44. No significant differences were observed between left and right breasts. Performance measures are negatively correlated with measures of breast density, with an average correlation coefficient of −0.48 for the BIRADS breast density score and −0.81 for the proportion of glandular tissue in the breast interior.Conclusions:This study shows quantitatively how PWMF detection performance of a known lesion size is influenced by section thickness in dedicated breast CT. While the optimal section thickness is tuned to the size of the lesion being detected, overall performance is more robust for thin section images compared to thicker images.
HIV-1 Proviral DNA Loads (as Determined by Quantitative PCR) in Patients Subjected to Structured Treatment Interruption after Antiretroviral Therapy Failure
Authors: Komninakis Shirley V. , Santos Domingos E. M. , Santos Carlos , Oliveros Márcia P. R. , Sanabani Sabri , Diaz Ricardo S. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

The impact of Structured Treatment Interruption (STI) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proviral reservoirs in 41 highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated viremic individuals at baseline and 12 weeks after STI was determined using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Viral load increased 0.7 log
10
and CD4 decreased 97.5 cells/mm
3
after 12 weeks. A total of 28 of the 41 individuals showed an increased proviral load, 19 with a statistically significant increase above 10%. An increase in active viral replication is an important factor in the replenishment of the proviral reservoir even for short time periods.