bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simon Effect for Depth in Three-Dimensional Displays
Authors: Rigon Jessica , Massaccesi Stefano , Umiltà Carlo 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
We investigated whether the Simon effect occurs for the depth dimension in a 3-dimensional display. In Experiment 1, participants executed discriminative responses to 2 stimuli, a cross and a sphere, both 3-dimensional, which were perceived to be located near or far with respect to the participant’s body. The response keys were located near and far along the participant’s midline. Apparent stimulus spatial location (near or far) was irrelevant to the task. Results showed a depth Simon effect, attributable to the apparent stimulus spatial location. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 with a different procedure. The 2 stimuli, a triangle and a rectangle, were 2-dimensional and were perceived as being located near or far from the participant’s midline; the response keys were located near and far along the participantÖs midline. Results showed again the depth Simon effect. Experiment 3 was a control condition in which the 2 stimuli, drawings of a lamp and of a chair, had the same size, regardless of whether they appeared to be near or far. The depth Simon effect was replicated. A distribution analysis on data of Experiment 3 showed that the Simon effect increased as reaction times became longer. In Experiment 4, the position of the 2 stimuli, a circle and a cross, varied on the horizontal (right or left) dimension, whereas the position of the 2 responses varied along the depth (near or far) dimension. No Simon effect was found.
Processes of Conscious and Unconscious Memory: Evidence From Current Research on Dissociation of Memories Within a Test
Authors: Cheng Chao-Ming , Huang Chin-Lan 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The processes of conscious memory (CM) and unconscious memory (UM) are explored, based on the results of the current and previous studies in which the 2 forms of memory within a test were separated by either the process dissociation or metacognition-based dissociation procedure. The results assessing influences of shallow and deep processing, association, and self-generation on CM in explicit and implicit tests are taken as evidence that CM in a test is driven not only conceptually but also by the driving nature of the test, and CM benefits from an encoding condition to the extent that information processing for CM recapitulates that engaged in the encoding condition. Those influences on UM in explicit and implicit tests are taken to support the view that UM in a test is driven by the nature of the test itself, and UM benefits from an encoding condition to the extent that the cognitive environments at test and at study match to activate the same type of information (e.g., visual, lexical, or semantic) about memory items or the same content of a preexisting association or categorical structure.
Productivity costs and medical costs among working patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Hermans Job , Koopmanschap Marc A. , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. A. , van Linge Joost H. , Verhaar Jan A. N. , Reijman Max , Burdorf Alex 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the knee joint is one of the joints most affected by osteoarthritis (OA), research on the economic implications of joint disease has generally focused only on OA. The goal of this study was to identify and quantify knee‐related productivity and medical costs in knee OA patients with paid employment. Furthermore, we evaluated associations between productivity loss and relevant patient, health, and work characteristics.MethodsConsecutive knee OA patients with mild to moderate knee OA who were 18–65 years of age, had conservative treatment for ≥6 months, and had paid employment were included. Productivity loss and health care consumption were measured by questionnaires. The associations between productivity loss and patient, health, and work characteristics were explored with regression analyses.ResultsIn total, 117 knee OA patients with a mean age of 53.2 years and a mean body mass index of 28.8 kg/m2 were included. Total knee‐related productivity costs and medical costs were €871 (median €411, interquartile range [IQR] €107–1,200) per patient per month, with total productivity costs of €722 (median €217, IQR €0–1,041) and total medical costs of €149 (median €137, IQR €72–198). More pain during activity and performing physically intensive work were significantly associated with productivity loss.ConclusionThe total knee‐related productivity costs and medical costs of conservatively treated symptomatic knee OA patients with paid employment in The Netherlands are €871 per patient per month, with productivity costs accounting for 83% and medical costs for 17%. Productivity loss is associated with having more pain during activity and performing physically intensive work. Developing adequate treatment strategies for knee OA may be cost beneficial.
Validity of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire‐Short Form in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Kwakkenbos Linda , van den Hoogen Frank H. J. , Custers José , Prins Judith , Vonk Madelon C. , van Lankveld Wim G. J. M. , Becker Eni S. , van den Ende Cornelia H. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo validate the Dutch translation of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire‐Short Form (FoP‐Q‐SF) for patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Although concerns about the future are often expressed by patients with SSc, there is no valid quantitative measure available to assess the extent to which patients with SSc are troubled by those concerns.MethodsMeasurement properties of the FoP‐Q‐SF were assessed using a cross‐sectional design that included 215 patients with SSc. Patients completed the FoP‐Q‐SF as well as questionnaires on physical and psychological functioning. Psychometric properties of the FoP‐Q‐SF were assessed using the Consensus‐Based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments checklist.ResultsThe mean ± SD FoP‐Q‐SF score in patients with SSc was 30.05 ± 8.97. There were no indications of floor or ceiling effects. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the single‐factor structure of the questionnaire (χ2[52] = 96.84, P < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.064, chi‐square/df ratio = 1.86). Cronbach's alpha was 0.86 for the questionnaire. Most of our a priori hypotheses (11 of 12) were confirmed, supporting the construct validity of the questionnaire.ConclusionA valid measure is now available to assess fear of disease progression in patients with SSc, which is significant since fear of progression is one of the most important stressors in this patient population.
Comparative responsiveness of the EuroQol‐5D and Short Form 6D to improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tumor necrosis factor blockers: Results of the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring registry
Authors: Buitinga Laurien , Braakman‐Jansen Louise M. A. , Taal Erik , Kievit Wietske , Visser Henk , van Riel Piet L. C. M. , van de Laar Mart A. F. J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveFor cost‐utility analyses of health technologies, utilities are commonly measured with the EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D) or the Short Form 6D (SF‐6D). Although most studies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) found the SF‐6D to be more responsive than the EQ‐5D, evidence is not convincing. The aim of this study was to compare the responsiveness of the EQ‐5D and SF‐6D to improvement in RA patients treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers.MethodsData from 278 RA patients included in the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring registry were used. Internal responsiveness over 1 year was evaluated by using standardized response means (SRMs). External responsiveness was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic curves based on perceived health change (self‐reported health transition item Short Form 36) and change in disease activity (European League Against Rheumatism response criteria based on the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints).ResultsThe scores of the EQ‐5D and SF‐6D changed moderately over 1 year (SRMs 0.50 and 0.67, respectively). The SF‐6D was significantly more responsive to treatment than the EQ‐5D. The EQ‐5D and SF‐6D were moderately able to correctly classify patients according to health transition (areas under the curve [AUCs] 0.67 and 0.72, respectively) and change in disease activity (AUCs 0.71 and 0.65, respectively).ConclusionThe EQ‐5D and SF‐6D were only moderately responsive to improvement in RA patients treated with TNF blockers. Overall, the SF‐6D was more responsive than the EQ‐5D.
Porous Silicon Films Micropatterned with Bioelements as Supports for Mammalian Cells
Authors: Sweetman Martin J. , Ronci Maurizio , Ghaemi Soraya Rasi , Craig Jamie E. , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPorous silicon (pSi) surfaces have been chemically patterned via a UV initiated hydrosilylation reaction of an alkene through a photomask, introducing chemical functionality in the exposed surface areas. A secondary, UV initiated hydrosilylation reaction with a second alkene of different functionality is performed to backfill the silicon hydride terminated regions on the surface, thereby affording patterned porous films with dual, surface chemistry. UV initiated hydrosilylations were performed using the alkene undecylenic acid N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, and the pSi surfaces were stabilized by a second hydrosilylation reaction with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) appended alkene. NHS ester and PEG functionalized surfaces were used for the selective immobilization of the cell adhesion mediator protein fibronectin (FN), in the NHS‐functional regions. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging on the protein functionalized pSi surface confirmed the patterned conjugation of the FN to the NHS functionalized regions. Mammalian cells cultured on these surfaces showed attachment that was confined to the patterned areas of FN on the pSi surface.
Highly Stereoselective and Practical Synthesis of α‐Trichloromethyl Amines and 2,2‐Dichloroaziridines from Chloroform
Authors: Li Ya , Zheng Tao , Wang Wei , Xu Wei , Ma Yingchao , Zhang Sishi , Wang Han , Sun Zhihua 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA highly stereoselective and practical synthesis of α‐trichloromethyl amines by nucleophilic trichloromethylation of N‐(tert‐butylsulfinyl)imines with chloroform was achieved. The obtained α‐trichloromethyl amines can be further transformed into chiral 2,2‐dichloroaziridines through an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution methodology. 2,2‐Dichloroaziridines can also be produced directly from chloroform and N‐(tert‐butylsulfinyl)imines through a one‐pot procedure.
Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to Alkylidenemalonates Promoted by Thiourea‐Based Bifunctional Organocatalysts
Authors: Chiarucci Michel , Lombardo Marco , Trombini Claudio , Quintavalla Arianna 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCinchona alkaloids‐derived bifunctional thioureas efficiently catalyse the enantioselective conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to alkylidenemalonates with syn‐diastereopreference, opening a route to the synthesis of optically active γ‐amino acid derivatives.
Comparing the Fundamental Physics and Device Performance of Transparent, Conductive Nanostructured Networks with Conventional Transparent Conducting Oxides
Authors: Barnes Teresa M. , Reese Matthew O. , Bergeson Jeremy D. , Larsen Brian A. , Blackburn Jeffrey L. , Beard Matthew C. , Bult Justin , van de Lagemaat Jao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNetworks made of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and metallic nanowire networks, graphene, and ultra‐thin metal films have all been proposed as replacements for transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) in photovoltaic and other applications. However, only limited comparisons of nanostructured networks and TCOs are available. Several common figures of merit that are often used to compare the electrical and optical performance of the transparent contacts are evaluated here, and the merits of each method of comparison are discussed. Calculating the current loss due to absorption in the TCO is the most useful metric for evaluating new materials for use in solar cells with well‐defined sheet resistance requirements and known quantum efficiencies. The ‘Haacke’ figure of merit, ΦH, correlates fairly well with current loss and is a good metric for evaluating electro‐optical performance for more general applications. The analyses presented here demonstrate that silver nanowire networks are much closer to achieving optimal electrical and optical properties than carbon‐based networks.
Preparation of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane via dual coagulation bath system and its wettability study
Authors: Ooi B. S. , Yatim N. S. M. , Ahmad A. L. , Lai S. O. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane has been successfully developed using dual coagulation bath system in which first coagulation bath produced membrane with nodular structure whereas second water coagulation bath provided membrane with porous structure. The effects of coagulation time, polymer concentration, and isopropanol/water ratio in first coagulation bath on membrane wettability were studied. The membrane surface morphology such as pore size and porosity were studied using field emission scanning electron microscope and porosimeter. The wettability of the membrane was determined using sessile drop contact angle measurement. Using dual‐coagulation bath system, it was found that membrane with bicontinuous structure tends to have higher water contact angles. This membrane could be produced through short immersion time of 18 wt % PVDF solution in soft nonsolvent bath followed by coagulation in water nonsolvent bath. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Mixed matrix membranes based on 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane endcapped polyimides and silicalite‐1
Authors: Fryčová Marie , Sysel Petr , Kočiřík Milan , Brabec Libor , Hrabánek Pavel , Prokopová Olga , Bernauer Bohumil , Zikánová Arlette 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTo improve membrane permeability and the quality of the polymer‐zeolite interface such that the separation factor is maintained or enhanced, we adopted a novel approach to the preparation of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Our approach involved endcapping polyamic acid (PAA) with the coupling agent 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and then bonding the endcapped polyimide (PI) to silicalite‐1. The APTES‐endcapped polyimide precursors reacted with silanol groups on the silicalite‐1 surface and were transformed into the final polyimide (PI) matrices. Five precursors were used to create five series of MMMs; each series contained membranes with a content of silicalite‐1 ranging from 0 to 50 wt %. The helium permeability coefficient of the membranes was measured and found to be dependent on both the amount of filler and type of PI matrix. In the most permeable series, helium permeability coefficient increased from 16.3 × 10−15 mol m−1 s−1 Pa−1 for unfilled membranes to 69.1 × 10−15 mol m−1 s−1 Pa−1 for membranes containing 30 wt % silicalite‐1. The ideal helium/nitrogen separation factor ranged between 22 and 45. Thus, it seems that our novel approach improves the interfacial adhesion of MMMs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of process parameters and product‐host‐interaction on hVEGFA‐production by recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Freimark Denise , Jérôme Valérie , Freitag Ruth 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA potential producer clone was identified among recombinant, human vascular endothelial growth factor A (hVEGFA)‐producing Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) K1 cells, using a recently established screening method. In batch spinner cultivations, the cells showed a maximum growth rate of 0.045 h−1, a final total cell density of 5.3 × 106 mL−1 (living cell density: 3.4 × 106 mL−1), and a final hVEGFA concentration of 207 μg L−1. Living cell density and productivity in the spinner cultivations could be increased by glutamine feeding. Transfer of the process to the bioreactor (batch mode, control of pH, T, and O2) resulted in a reduction of the growth rate by roughly 50%, while overall living cell density and productivity increased, largely due to an extension of the production phase. When the bioreactor was run in the fed‐batch mode, growth rates were further reduced, while productivity and living cell densities reached a maximum (hVEGFA: 358 μg L−1, cells: 5.2 × 106 mL−1). In addition, the death rate of the hVEGFA‐producing cells was considerably reduced compared with the parent cell line, most likely due to product‐host‐interaction. This hypothesis was corroborated when a second recombinant CHO cell line (antibody producer) was transfected with the hVEGFA gene and afterward consistently showed higher viable cell densities together with a significantly improved antibody titer. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Dinucleosides with Non‐Natural Backbones: A New Class of Ribonuclease A and Angiogenin Inhibitors
Authors: Debnath Joy , Dasgupta Swagata , Pathak Tanmaya 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRibonuclease A (RNase A) serves as a convenient model enzyme in the identification and development of inhibitors of proteins that are members of the ribonuclease superfamily. This is principally because the biological activity of these proteins, such as angiogenin, is linked to their catalytic ribonucleolytic activity. In an attempt to inhibit the biological activity of angiogenin, which involves new blood vessel formation, we employed different dinucleosides with varied non‐natural backbones. These compounds were synthesized by coupling aminonucleosides with dicarboxylic acids and amino‐ and carboxynucleosides with an amino acid. These molecules show competitive inhibition with inhibition constant (Ki) values of (59±3) and (155±5) μM for RNase A. The compounds were also found to inhibit angiogenin in a competitive fashion with corresponding Ki values in the micromolar range. The presence of an additional polar group attached to the backbone of dinucleosides was found to be responsible for the tight binding with both proteins. The specificity of different ribonucleolytic subsites were found to be altered because of the incorporation of a non‐natural backbone in between the two nucleosidic moieties. In spite of the replacement of the phosphate group by non‐natural linkers, these molecules were found to selectively interact with the ribonucleolytic site residues of angiogenin, whereas the cell binding site and nuclear translocation site residues remain unperturbed. Docked conformations of the synthesized compounds with RNase A and angiogenin suggest a binding preference for the thymine–adenine pair over the thymine–thymine pair.
One‐pot Green Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives Catalyzed by Nano Sulfated Zirconia as a Solid Acid Catalyst
Authors: Teimouri Abbas , Chermahini Alireza Najafi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new and efficient method for the preparation of N‐substituted pyrroles from one‐pot Paal‐Knorr condensation has been accomplished using nano‐crystalline sulfated zirconia (SZ) as the catalyst in ethanol at moderate temperature. This new protocol has the advantages of easy availability, stability, reusability and eco‐friendliness of the catalyst, high to excellent yields, simple experimental and work‐up procedure. The synthesized compounds were confirmed through spectral characterization using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectra.
Intermolecular and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds Involving Fluorine Atoms: Implications for Recognition, Selectivity, and Chemical Properties
Authors: Dalvit Claudio , Vulpetti Anna 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA correlation between 19F NMR isotropic chemical shift and close intermolecular F⋅⋅⋅HX contacts (with X=N or O) has been identified upon analysis of the X‐ray crystal structures of fluorinated molecules listed in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). An optimal F⋅⋅⋅X distance involving primary and shielded secondary fluorine atoms in hydrogen‐bond formation along with a correlation between F⋅⋅⋅H distance and F⋅⋅⋅HX angle were also derived from the analysis. The hydrogen bonds involving fluorine are relevant, not only for the recognition mechanism and stabilization of a preferred conformation, but also for improvement in the permeability of the molecules, as shown with examples taken from a proprietary database. Results of an analysis of the small number of fluorine‐containing natural products listed in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) appear to strengthen the derived correlation between 19F NMR isotropic chemical shift and interactions involving fluorine (also known as the “rule of shielding”) and provides a hypothesis for the recognition mechanism and catalytic activity of specific enzymes. Novel chemical scaffolds, based on the rule of shielding, have been designed for recognizing distinct structural motifs present in proteins. It is envisaged that this approach could find useful applications in drug design for the efficient optimization of chemical fragments or promising compounds by increasing potency and selectivity against the desired biomolecular target.
Performance analysis of Intel multiprocessors using astrophysics simulations
Authors: Simon Tyler A. , Ward William A. , Boss Alan P. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThis paper provides a performance evaluation and investigation of the astrophysics code FLASH for a variety of Intel multiprocessors. This work was performed at the NASA Center for Computational Sciences (NCCS) on behalf of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW) as a study preliminary to the acquisition of a high‐performance computing (HPC) system at the CIW and for the NCCS itself to measure the relative performance of a recently acquired Intel Nehalem‐based system against previously installed multicore HPC resources. A brief overview of computer performance evaluation is provided, followed by a description of the systems under test, a description of the FLASH test problem, and the test results. Additionally, the paper characterizes some of the effects of load imbalance imposed by adaptive mesh refinement. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Death receptor 3 is essential for generating optimal protective CD41 T‐cell immunity against Salmonella
Authors: Buchan Sarah L. , Taraban Vadim Y. , Slebioda Tomasz J. , James Sonya , Cunningham Adam F. , Al‐Shamkhani Aymen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe TNF receptor superfamily member death receptor 3 (DR3) exacerbates Th2‐ and Th17‐cell‐mediated inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, yet no role in host defence has been reported. Here, we examined the role of DR3 during infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Infection resulted in protracted expression of the DR3 ligand TL1A but not the related TNF superfamily proteins OX40L or CD30L. TL1A expression was localized to splenic F4/80+ macrophages where S. enterica Typhimurium replicates, and temporally coincided with the onset of CD4+‐cell expansion. To address the relevance of the TL1A‐DR3 interaction, we examined immune responses to S. enterica Typhimurium in mice lacking DR3. Infected DR3‐/‐ mice harboured reduced numbers of antigen‐experienced and proliferating CD4+ T cells compared with WT mice. Furthermore, the frequency of IFN‐γ+ CD4+ T cells in DR3‐/‐ mice was lower throughout the time of bacterial clearance. Importantly, bacterial clearance, which is dependent on Th1 cells, was also impaired in DR3‐/‐ mice. This defect was intrinsic to CD4+ T cells as evidenced by an increase in bacterial burden in RAG2‐deficient mice receiving DR3‐/‐ CD4+ T cells compared with WT CD4+‐cell recipients. These data establish for the first time a role for DR3 in a host defence responce.