bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of processing barley on its digestion by horses
Authors: Vervuert I. , Voigt K. , Hollands T. , Cuddeford D. , Coenen M. 
Published: October 2010

Four horses were randomly fed a diet containing rolled, micronised or extruded barley; the barley intake was adjusted to supply 2 g starch/kg bodyweight per day. During a 10‐day acclimatisation period the horses were also fed 1 kg grass hay/100 kg bodyweight per day. Samples of blood and breath were collected at the end of each period after the test meal of barley had been fed after a 12‐hour overnight fast. The glycaemic and insulinaemic responses of the horses were measured as an indication of the pre‐caecal digestibility of starch, and postprandial breath hydrogen and methane were measured to detect microbial fermentation of starch. The highest peak serum glucose and serum insulin concentrations were observed after feeding the extruded barley, lower concentrations were observed after feeding the micronised barley and the lowest concentrations were observed after feeding the rolled barley. Breath hydrogen increased within four hours of feeding all the barley diets, and the mean (sd) peak hydrogen concentrations were 98·3 (55·2) ppm for rolled barley, 59·3 (31·5) ppm for micronised barley and 96·1 (51·9) ppm for extruded barley. There were wide variations within individual horses but these concentrations were not significantly different. Breath methane concentrations were very variable and, although there were no significant differences, there was a trend for higher methane concentrations after the feeding of rolled barley.
Relationships between the concentrations of trichloroacetic acid‐soluble copper and caeruloplasmin in the serum of cattle from areas with different soil concentrations of molybdenum
Authors: Suttle N. F. 
Published: October 2010

The concentrations of trichloroacetic acid (tca)‐soluble copper and caeruloplasmin were determined in 345 serum samples taken from cattle in March 1998 by eight Scottish Agricultural College veterinary disease surveillance centres serving areas with soils ranging from being ‘high’ in molybdenum (Thurso) to ‘low’ (Perth and St Boswells). The mean concentrations varied significantly between the centres, with Thurso having the lowest values for both variables. There were strong linear regressions (r>0·8) between caeruloplasmin andtca‐soluble copper for each centre but no significant differences in slope or intercept between the areas with the highest and lowest soil molybdenum, and the pooled regression accounted for 88 per cent of the variation. The distribution of the ratios of caeruloplasmin totca‐soluble copper, unlike those of the individual variables, was not normal, and 70 per cent of the values fell within 10 per cent of the mean ratio of 20·3 mg/μmol and close to the 22 mg/μmol copper expected in pure caeruloplasmin. Low ratios were generally associated with lowtca‐soluble copper. Ratios above 24 were found in 8 per cent of the samples and were probably attributable to acute‐phase reactions and the non‐specificity of the assay for caeruloplasmin.
Treatment of 11 dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin with a combination of prednisolone and cytosine arabinoside
Authors: Menaut P. , Landart J. , Behr S. , Lanore D. , Trumel C. 
Published: October 2010

The records of 11 dogs with evidence of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin were reviewed. Two of them had had a focal form of the disease and the other nine a disseminated form. The forebrain was involved in five of the nine dogs with disseminated disease, the brainstem in all nine and the cerebellum in one. They had been treated with courses of cytosine arabinoside every three weeks and immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone. Their response to the treatment, in terms of quality of life, was judged by their owners and referring veterinarians to have been excellent in five, good in five and poor in one; their survival times ranged from 78 days to more than 603 days. The cumulative probability of survival at two years was 58·4 per cent. No signs of myelosuppression or other side effects associated with cytosine arabinoside were observed.
Characteristics of 234 dog bite incidents in Ireland during 2004 and 2005
Authors: O'Sullivan E. N. , Jones B. R. , O'Sullivan K. , Hanlon A. J. 
Published: October 2010

Information was obtained by telephone interview from 100 dog owners whose dog had bitten a person, and from 134 victims of bites by a dog not owned by the victim. Three‐quarters of the victims were female and aged from 21 to 60 years. The majority of the dogs were owned, male, two to six years old, over 10 kg in bodyweight and belonged to the popular breeds: collies, cocker/springer spaniels, terrier breeds, Jack Russell terriers, German shepherd dogs, golden retrievers and crossbreeds. The numbers of bites by the different breeds indicated that those that inflicted the most bites were the popular breeds rather than the breeds with any greater propensity to bite. Most attacks were rapid single bites and in 50 per cent of the cases, neither the owner nor the victim was able to identify any signal of the dog's intention to bite. Overall, 21 per cent of the incidents were rated as ‘serious’ and 2 per cent as ‘life threatening’. One fifth of the dogs were euthanased as a result of the incident. Half the incidents required professional medical assistance for the victim. Almost half the incidents took place while the victim was walking or passing close to the dog's territory, or while the victim was interacting with the dog at home.
Pseudolayering artefact on postcontrast magnetic resonance images of the bladder of 18 dogs and three cats
Authors: Mai W. 
Published: October 2010

An artefact was observed on postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the urinary bladder of several small animals; it took the form of a dark layer in the dependent (dorsal) part of the bladder, with a thin hyperintense layer on top of it, and a hypointense signal in the rest of the non‐dependent (ventral) part. The mri database was searched for animals with T1 ‐weighted images of the urinary bladder after the injection of gadolinium. Eighteen dogs and three cats were included in the study. The artefact was observed in 16 of the animals on the postcontrast images but not on the T1 ‐weighted and T2 ‐weighted precontrast images. A phantom experiment showed that the signal intensity observed on T1 ‐weighted images decreased rapidly as the concentration of gadolinium increased from 6·25 mmol/l to 25 mmol/l. It is hypothesised that the early excretion of concentrated gadolinium into the bladder causes the pseudolayering artefact observed, which has also been reported in human patients.
International disease monitoring, October to December 2008
Authors: Sabirovic M. , Roberts H. , Hall S. , Elliott H. , Coulson N. 
Published: October 2010

African swine fever in wild boar in the Caucasus region
BTV‐1 in northern France and BTV‐6 in the Netherlands and Germany
Classical swine fever in domestic pigs and wild boar in central Europe, particularly in the western Balkans
Foot‐and‐mouth disease in parts of sub‐Saharan Africa and China
Increased frequency of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in domestic poultry in south‐east Asia and the Indian subcontinent
These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for October to December 2008, prepared by Defra’s Food and Farming Group, International Animal Health
17β‐oestradiol‐induced gene expression in cattle prostate: biomarkers to detect illegal use of growth promoters
Authors: De Maria R. , Divari S. , Bollo E. , Cannizzo F. T. , Biolatti B. , Goria M. , Olivero M. , Barbarino G. 
Published: October 2010

The effects of 17β‐oestradiol (E2) on gene expression in cultures of bovine primary prostate stromal cells (BPSCs) and prostate gland tissue were studied. In the first part of the study, BPSCs were grown in the presence of E2 from the first passage to the end of the experiment; a second group was treated in the same way but the treatment was suspended for 48 hours before the end of the experiment; a third group of BPSCs served as a control. In the second part of the study, five male veal calves, aged 130 days, were treated four times intramuscularly with 10 mg of E2 at intervals of two weeks and then euthanased two weeks after the last treatment. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors (FGFRs), FGFs, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor and oestrogen receptor in BPSCs and prostate tissue. E2 induced a significant over‐expression of progesterone receptor in both BPSCs and prostate tissue. There was also a marked up‐regulation of FGFR types 1, 2 and 3 genes observed in the BPSCs.
Retrospective study of 871 dogs with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Botsch V. , Küchenhoff H. , Hartmann K. , Hirschberger J. 
Published: October 2010

Eight hundred and seventy‐one dogs with thrombocytopenia were divided into the following five categories: immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (49; 5·6 per cent), thrombocytopenia caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (52; 6·0 per cent), thrombocytopenia caused by miscellaneous disorders (222; 25·5 per cent), neoplasia‐associated thrombocytopenia (244; 28 per cent) and inflammatory/infectious thrombocytopenia (304; 34·9 per cent). The incidence of thrombocytopenia among the hospital population was 6·7 per cent. The dogs with immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopenia caused by DIC had significantly (P<0·001) lower platelet counts (median 32·0 x 109/l and 55·0 x 109/l, respectively) than the dogs in the other three categories.
Survey of the characteristics of cats owned by households in the UK and factors affecting their neutered status
Authors: Murray J. K. , Roberts M. A. , Whitmars A. , Gruffydd‐Jones T. J. 
Published: October 2010

Data were collected on 1260 cats owned by a random sample of UK households in 2007, by means of telephone questionnaires, which were completed by 33 per cent of the households contacted. Cats were owned by 26 per cent of these households, 42 per cent of which owned more than one cat. The owners of 622 female cats reported a total of 110 unplanned litters of kittens. Excluding cats with an unknown neutered status 92 per cent of the cats aged six months or more were neutered, but only 66 per cent of the cats aged six to 12 months were neutered. Multivariable logistic regression, based on data collected for one randomly selected cat aged four months or more in each cat‐owning household, was used to identify factors affecting the cats' neutered status. Analysis of 48 sexually entire cats and 501 neutered cats showed that cats aged 10 months or more, with indoor access, that had been vaccinated within the last year or were currently registered with a veterinary practice, were more likely to be neutered than cats aged less than 10 months, without indoor access, that had been vaccinated more than one year ago or were not registered with a veterinary practice.
Potential for the cross‐contamination of the hides of cattle while they are held in lairage
Authors: Small A. , Buncic S. 
Published: October 2010

Foodborne pathogens that may contaminate the carcase are often found on the hides of cattle presented for slaughter for human consumption, and can be transferred from animal to animal during the immediate preslaughter phase. This study quantifies the opportunities for such cross‐contamination to occur during lairage of cattle. Cattle were most active in the first 10 minutes of holding, when at 2·5 m2 or less space allowance per animal there were 12·55 animal‐to‐animal and 0·99 animal‐to‐wall contacts per minute, compared with 8·17 and 0·60 per minute, respectively, in the subsequent 20 minutes. During holding, contact between animals can be reduced by manipulating the stocking density. When the animals were given 2·5 m2 or more each, there were 9·63 animal‐to‐animal contacts per minute over 30 minutes holding, whereas at 5 m2 or more, there were only 1·71 contacts per minute. Whatever the space allowance, animal‐to‐wall contacts were 0·66 to 0·73 per minute over 30 minutes' holding. When space allowance is optimised, contacts with the lairage structure become more important than contacts between animals. The immediate preslaughter handling equipment (race, crush and stun box) was a significant source of potential indirect cross‐contamination.
Use of tylvalosin‐medicated feed to control porcine proliferative enteropathy
Authors: Guedes R. M. C. , França S. A. , Machado G. S. , Blumer M. A. , da Costa Cruz E. C. 
Published: October 2010

The effect of an oral treatment with the tartrate salt of tylvalosin on the development of proliferative enteropathy in 60 experimentally challenged pigs was studied. Thirty of the pigs were fed a diet medicated with 50 ppm tylvalosin and 30 were fed the unmedicated diet. The treated animals started to receive the medicated feed the day before they were inoculated, and continued to receive it for 14 days. The pigs' bodyweight, feed consumption and clinical signs were evaluated, and they were examined postmortem 20 days after inoculation, and samples of ileum were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) forLawsonia intracellularis. Clinical signs of the disease were more evident in the untreated group than in the treated group. The average daily weight gain, average daily feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency were better in the treated group. The combined length of intestine with lesions was 2847 cm in the untreated group and 183 cm in the treated group. The tylvalosin treatment significantly reduced the level ofL intracellularisinfection; almost half of the treated pigs were IHCnegative compared with 3˙3 per cent of the untreated pigs.
Variations in serum concentration of phenobarbitone in dogs receiving regular twice daily doses in relation to the times of administration
Authors: Monteiro R. , Anderson T. J. , Innocent G. , Evans N. P. , Penderis J. 
Published: October 2010

The laboratory records of 1427 client‐owned dogs on chronic phenobarbitone treatment were analysed. They were divided into two groups: the 918 dogs from which blood samples were collected at the trough, that is, within two hours before the next dose of phenobarbitone, and the 509 dogs from which samples were taken during the non‐trough period. There were no significant differences between the mean serum concentrations of phenobarbitone in the trough and non‐trough samples from dogs receiving doses ranging from 2 mg/kg per day to more than 10 mg/kg per day. However, the higher doses of phenobarbitone were associated with progressively lower phenobarbitone concentrations in the trough group relative to the non‐trough group, and this difference was significant at doses of more than 10 mg/kg per day.
Response to azolic antifungal agents for treating feline sporotrichosis
Authors: Pereira S. A. , Passos S. R. L. , Silva J. N. , Gremião I. D. F. , Figueiredo F. B. , Teixeira J. L. , Monteiro P. C. F. , Schubach T. M. P. 
Published: October 2010

The effectiveness and safety of treatment with ketoconazole and itraconazole were compared in 773 sporotrichosis‐infected cats over a four‐year period (2002 to 2005). Five hundred and ninety‐eight cats received oral ketoconazole and 175 received oral itraconazole. Treatment was successful in 238 (30.8 per cent) cats, of which 171 (28.6 per cent) of 598 received 13.5 to 27.0 mg/kg/day ketoconazole and 67 (38.3 per cent) of 175 received 8.3 to 27.7 mg/kg/day itraconazole. Adverse effects were reported in 306 (39.6 per cent) of the cats, 105 (13.6 per cent) died and 430 (55.6 per cent) dropped out of treatment or were still under treatment at the time of data analysis.
Urinary catecholamine and metadrenaline to creatinine ratios in dogs with a phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Kook P. H. , Grest P. , Quante S. , Boretti F. S. , Reusch C. E. 
Published: October 2010

Urinary adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline, dopamine, metadrenaline (metanephrine) and normetadrenaline to creatinine ratios were measured from spot samples of seven client‐owned dogs with a histologically confirmed phaeochromocytoma. Urine was collected on day 0 in the hospital in six dogs, and additionally on days 2, 6 and 7 after discharge in two of these dogs. In one dog, urine was sampled on day 7 only. Samples were also collected from 10 healthy control dogs on days 0, 1 and 7. In dogs with phaeochromocytomas, normetadrenaline:creatinine ratios at all time points ranged from 103 to 6430 nmol/mmol. From day 0, ratios of samples taken at the hospital (range 157 to 925 nmol/mmol) were significantly higher (P&#60;0.0012) compared with control samples (range 14 to 91 nmol/mmol). The highest normetadrenaline:creatinine ratios were found in two dogs with bilateral phaeochromocytomas. Adrenaline:creatinine and noradrenaline:creatinine ratios were also significantly increased (P&#60;0.016) in dogs with a phaeochromocytoma at day 0 compared with controls, although the difference was less pronounced than that between controls and dogs with a phaeochromocytoma for the normetadrenaline:creatinine ratio. Urine normetadrenaline:creatinine ratios may be useful in the diagnosis of canine phaeochromocytomas.
Dystocia in Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei) in semi‐domesticated herds
Authors: Su N‐Y. , Hsu T‐H. , Tung K‐C. , Tsai H‐Y. , Chan J. P‐W. 
Published: October 2010

Over a nine‐year period (2000 to 2008), 22 instances of dystocia and 50 normal fawnings in Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei) hinds from semi‐domesticated herds were investigated. The majority of the hinds (17, 77.3 per cent) that suffered dystocia were categorised as having a body condition score (BCS) in the medium range (between 2.5 and 3.5 inclusive), indicating that there was no significant relationship between obesity (BCS >3.5) in hinds and the occurrence of dystocia. In addition, maternal body condition had no effect on the birthweight of the offspring. Among the 22 instances of dystocia, 16 of the fawns (72.7 per cent) did not survive; one of these deaths was anteparturient and the other 15 were parturient. Eighteen (81.8 per cent) of the cases of dystocia involved male fawns, and 15 (93.8 per cent) of the deaths were of male fawns (P=0.044). Nine (40.9 per cent) of the instances of dystocia resulted from maternal excitement, mainly attributable to disturbances caused by human beings. In 12 of the cases that resulted in the death of the fawn, the request for veterinary assistance had been delayed at least one day. There were six cases in which the fawns survived; these were the ones that had received assistance within six hours after the onset of parturition.
Predisposition to repeat breeding in UK cattle and success of artificial insemination alone or in combination with embryo transfer
Authors: Canu S. , Boland M. , Lloyd G. M. , Newman M. , Christie M. F. , May P. J. , Christley R. M. , Smith R. F. , Dobson H. 
Published: October 2010

To investigate whether there was a subpopulation of repeat breeders (cows or heifers that returned to oestrus after three inseminations) that were less fertile after a fourth artificial insemination (AI) with or without additional embryo transfer, and to estimate the efficacy of AI plus embryo transfer to overcome repeat breeding problems, a two‐part investigation was carried out. Part 1 involved 85 repeat breeders and 85 controls subjected to AI alone. In part 2, 128 repeat breeders received AI on day 0 plus an embryo transfer seven days later, while controls received embryo transfer alone on day 7. In repeat breeders, the interval between calving and pregnancy was 80 days longer than in the controls (P=0.01), irrespective of previous fertility treatment which had mainly focused on the ovaries. The incidence of dystocia was similar in repeat breeders and in controls, but repeat breeders had a higher previous incidence of moderate uterine infection compared with controls (P=0.04). In repeat breeder cows, pregnancy rates for AI alone were 30 per cent after the fourth AI (controls: 45 to 64 per cent after one to three inseminations) compared with 52.6 per cent after a fourth AI with embryo transfer (controls with embryo transfer alone: 49 per cent). Successful pregnancies after a fourth AI plus embryo transfer produced a 6.25 per cent incidence of twins.
Comparison of anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of xylazine or medetomidine in combination with tiletamine/zolazepam in pigs
Authors: Lee J. Y. , Jee H. C. , Jeong S. M. , Park C. S. , Kim M. C. 
Published: October 2010

Two different combinations of anaesthetics were evaluated and compared in a prospective randomised crossover experimental study in pigs. One of the two combinations was administered intramuscularly to each of six Landrace x Yorkshire mixed‐breed pigs. The combinations were: 2.2 mg/kg xylazine and 4.4 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam (2.2 mg/kg tiletamine plus 2.2 mg/kg zolazepam) (XTZ); and 0.04 mg/kg medetomidine and 4.4 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam (MTZ). The anaesthesia and recovery times, score for anaesthetic effect and cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded for each pig. Anaesthesia was successfully induced in all of the pigs. Both drug combinations provided smooth induction and good immobilisation, and their anaesthetic effects were similar. In both treatment groups, the mean heart rate decreased significantly five minutes after the drugs were administered and remained consistent for 70 minutes, with no significant difference between the XTZ and MTZ groups. However, there were differences in cardiopulmonary effects between the groups. The arterial pressure was significantly higher in the MTZ group than in the XTZ group. The initial hypertension associated with medetomidine was more marked than the initial hypertension associated with xylazine. Arterial oxygen partial pressure and arterial oxygen saturation decreased significantly from baseline in both groups. The respiratory rates and levels of blood gases were similar in both groups. Hypoventilation and hypoxaemia were observed in both groups. The scores for anaesthetic effect, induction time, anaesthesia time and recovery times were similar in the two groups.
Modifications of some acute phase proteins and the white blood cell count in thoroughbreds during training
Authors: Fazio F. , Assenza A. , Tosto F. , Casella S. , Piccione G. , Caola G. 
Published: October 2010

The concentrations of plasma fibrinogen and serum haptoglobin and the white blood cell count (WBC) were assessed in 17 thoroughbreds. All horses were trained for 80 days, six days a week, with one day of rest per week. Blood samples were collected from each animal by jugular venepuncture, at 06.00, every 20 days for a period of 80 days, and the fibrinogen and haptoglobin concentrations and WBC were determined. One‐way repeated measures analysis of variance, followed by the Bonferroni test, was used to determine significant differences. Training was associated with a significant increase in the concentrations of plasma fibrinogen (Plt;0.01) and serum haptoglobin (Plt;0.0005), but had no significant effect on the WBC count.
Effect of diet on plasma tryptophan and serotonin in trained mares and geldings
Authors: Alberghina D. , Giannetto C. , Visser E. K. , Ellis A. D. 
Published: October 2010

Concentrations of tryptophan (TRP) and serotonin (5‐HT) in plasma were measured in 36 moderately trained Dutch warmblood horses after eight weeks on a high fibre (n=18) or high starch (n=18) diet. Samples were taken three hours after feeding, when the horse was at rest, either at 11.00 or 14.00 hours. Plasma 5‐HT and pH were significantly higher in horses fed a high fibre diet than those fed a high starch diet (P&#60;0.05 and P&#60;0.01, respectively), and significantly higher levels of TRP were found in mares than geldings (P&#60;0.05). Plasma 5‐HT may therefore be a good marker of serotonergic activity.