bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presynaptic protein synthesis required for NT-3-induced long-term synaptic modulation
Authors: Je H Shawn , Ji Yuanyuan , Wang Ying , Yang Feng , Wu Wei , Lu Bai 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
Neurotrophins elicit both acute and long-term modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Previously, we demonstrated that the long-term synaptic modulation requires the endocytosis of neurotrophin-receptor complex, the activation of PI3K and Akt, and mTOR mediated protein synthesis. However, it is unclear whether the long-term synaptic modulation by neurotrophins depends on protein synthesis in pre- or post-synaptic cells.

Results
Here we have developed an inducible protein translation blocker, in which the kinase domain of protein kinase R (PKR) is fused with bacterial gyrase B domain (GyrB-PKR), which could be dimerized upon treatment with a cell permeable drug, coumermycin. By genetically targeting GyrB-PKR to specific cell types, we show that NT-3 induced long-term synaptic modulation requires presynaptic, but not postsynaptic protein synthesis.

Conclusions
Our results provide mechanistic insights into the cell-specific requirement for protein synthesis in the long-term synaptic modulation by neurotrophins. The GyrB-PKR system may be useful tool to study protein synthesis in a cell-specific manner.
Comparison of hyperthermia and adrenaline to enhance the intratumoral accumulation of cisplatin in a murin model of peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Facy Olivier , Radais François , Ladoire Sylvain , Delroeux Delphine , Tixier Hervé , Ghiringhelli François , Rat Patrick , Chauffert Bruno , Ortega-Deballon Pablo 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
The best method to deliver intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer is not well defined. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of hyperthermia and adrenaline to enhance the intratumoral accumulation of cisplatin in a rat model of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Methods
Four groups of 5 BDIX rats with ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis underwent IPC with 30 mg/l of cisplatin according to the following conditions: normothermia at 37° for 1 or 2 hours, hyperthermia at 42°C for 1 hour or normothermia at 37°C for 2 hours with 2 mg/l adrenaline. Tissue platinum content was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The effect of hyperthermia, adrenaline and the duration of exposure to the drug was measured in vivo (tissue concentration of platinum in tumor, abdominal and extra abdominal tissues) and in vitro (cytotoxicity on human ovarian cancer cells).

Results

In vitro, hyperthermia and longer exposure enhanced the accumulation and the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on cancer cells. In vivo, only the 2 hours treatment with adrenaline resulted in increased platinum concentrations. The rats treated with adrenaline showed significantly lower concentrations of cisplatin in extra peritoneal tissues than those treated with hyperthermia.

Conclusion
Adrenaline is more effective than hyperthermia in order to enhance the intratumoral concentration of cisplatin in rats with peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian origin. It may also decrease the systemic absorption of the drug.
Polymorphisms in the SULF1 gene are associated with early age of onset and survival of ovarian cancer
Authors: Han Chan H , Huang Yu-Jing , Lu Karen H , Liu Zhensheng , Mills Gordon B , Wei Qingyi , Wang Li-E 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
SULF1 (sulfatase 1) selectively removes the 6-O-sulphate group from heparan sulfate, changing the binding sites for extracellular growth factors. SULF1 expression has been reported to be decreased in various cancers, including ovarian cancer. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SULF1 would impact clinicopathologic characteristics.

Methods
We genotyped five common (minor allele frequency>0.05) regulatory SNPs with predicted functionalities (rs2623047 G>A, rs13264163 A>G, rs6990375 G>A, rs3802278 G>A, and rs3087714 C>T) in 168 patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer, using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

Results
We found that rs2623047 G>A was significantly associated with an early age of onset of ovarian cancer in the G allele dose-response manner (P = 0.027; P

trend
= 0.007) and that rs2623047 GG/GA genotypes were associated with longer progression-free survival; rs6990375 G>A was also associated with the early age of onset in the A allele dose-response manner (P = 0.013; P

trend
= 0.009). The significant differences in age of disease onset persisted among carriers of haplotypes of rs2623047 and rs6990375 (P = 0.014; P

trend
= 0.004). In luciferase reporter gene assays, rs2623047 G allele showed a slightly higher promoter activity than the A allele in the SKOV3 tumorigenic cell line.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that genetic variations in SULF1 may play a role in ovarian cancer onset and prognosis. Further studies with large sample sizes and of the mechanistic relevance of SULF1 SNPs are warranted.
Post-hypothermic cardiac left ventricular systolic dysfunction after rewarming in an intact pig model
Authors: Filseth Ole Magnus , How Ole-Jakob , Kondratiev Timofei , Gamst Tor Magne , Tveita Torkjel 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Introduction
We developed a minimally invasive, closed chest pig model with the main aim to describe hemodynamic function during surface cooling, steady state severe hypothermia (one hour at 25°C) and surface rewarming.

Methods
Twelve anesthetized juvenile pigs were acutely catheterized for measurement of left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume loops (conductance catheter), cardiac output (Swan-Ganz), and for vena cava inferior occlusion. Eight animals were surface cooled to 25°C, while four animals were kept as normothermic time-matched controls.

Results
During progressive cooling and steady state severe hypothermia (25°C) cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), mean arterial pressure (MAP), maximal deceleration of pressure in the cardiac cycle (dP/dtmin), indexes of LV contractility (preload recruitable stroke work, PRSW, and maximal acceleration of pressure in the cardiac cycle, dP/dtmax) and LV end diastolic and systolic volumes (EDV and ESV) were significantly reduced. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR), isovolumetric relaxation time (Tau), and oxygen content in arterial and mixed venous blood increased significantly. LV end diastolic pressure (EDP) remained constant. After rewarming all the above mentioned hemodynamic variables that were depressed during 25°C remained reduced, except for CO that returned to pre-hypothermic values due to an increase in heart rate. Likewise, SVR and EDP were significantly reduced after rewarming, while Tau, EDV, ESV and blood oxygen content normalized. Serum levels of cardiac troponin T (TnT) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were significantly increased.

Conclusions
Progressive cooling to 25°C followed by rewarming resulted in a reduced systolic, but not diastolic left ventricular function. The post-hypothermic increase in heart rate and the reduced systemic vascular resistance are interpreted as adaptive measures by the organism to compensate for a hypothermia-induced mild left ventricular cardiac failure. A post-hypothermic increase in TnT indicates that hypothermia/rewarming may cause degradation of cardiac tissue. There were no signs of inadequate global oxygenation throughout the experiments.
A new technique for bedside placement of enteral feeding tubes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zick Günther , Frerichs Alexander , Ahrens Markus , Schniewind Bodo , Elke Gunnar , Schädler Dirk , Frerichs Inéz , Steinfath Markus , Weiler Norbert 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Introduction
To accomplish early enteral feeding in the critically ill patient a new transnasal endoscopic approach to the placement of postpyloric feeding tubes by intensive care physicians was evaluated.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study in 27 critically ill patients subjected to transnasal endoscopy and intubation of the pylorus. Attending intensive care physicians were trained in the handling of the new endoscope for transnasal gastroenteroscopy for two days. A jejunal feeding tube was advanced via the instrument channel and the correct position assessed by contrast radiography. The primary outcome measure was successful postpyloric placement of the tube. Secondary outcome measures were time needed for the placement, complications such as bleeding and formation of loops, and the score of the placement difficulty graded from 1 (easy) to 4 (difficult). Data are given as mean values and standard deviation.

Results
Out of 34 attempted jejunal tube placements, 28 tubes (82%) were placed correctly in the jejunum. The duration of the procedure was 28 ± 12 minutes. The difficulty of the tube placement was judged as follows: grade 1: 17 patients, grade 2: 8 patients, grade 3: 7 patients, grade 4: 2 patients. In three cases, the tube position was incorrect, and in another three cases, the procedure had to be aborted. In one patient bleeding occurred that required no further treatment.

Conclusions
Fast and reliable transnasal insertion of postpyloric feeding tubes can be accomplished by trained intensive care physicians at the bedside using the presented procedure. This new technique may facilitate early initiation of enteral feeding in intensive care patients.
A cocycle on the group of symplectic diffeomorphisms
Authors: Gal Światosław R. , Kędra Jarek 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We define a cocycle on the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of a symplectically aspherical manifold and investigate its properties. The main application is an alternative proof of the Polterovich theorem about the distortion of cyclic subgroups in finitely generated groups of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms.
Quaternionic Hermitian spinor systems and compatibility conditions
Authors: Damiano Alberto , Eelbode David , Sabadini Irene 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In this paper we show that the systems introduced in [Eelbode, Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebr. 17: 635–649, 2007] and [Peña-Peña, Sabadini, Sommen, Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 1: 97–113, 2007] are equivalent, both giving the notion of quaternionic Hermitian monogenic functions. This makes it possible to prove that the free resolution associated to the system is linear in any dimension, and that the first cohomology module is nontrivial, thus generalizing the results in [Peña-Peña, Sabadini, Sommen, Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 1: 97–113, 2007]. Furthermore, exploiting the decomposition of the spinor space into 𝔰𝔭(m)-irreducibles, we find a certain number of “algebraic” compatibility conditions for the system, suggesting that the usual spinor reduction is not applicable.
Long-term performance of fused borate rods for limiting internal decay in Douglas-fir utility poles
Authors: Freitag Camille , Morrell Jeffrey J. , Love Connie S. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The ability of boron to diffuse from fused boron rods into surrounding wood was investigated on pentachlorophenol-treated Douglas-fir poles. Boron readily diffused into the wood surrounding the treatment holes and was present at protective levels in most poles within 1 year after application. The protected zone was generally confined to the treatment zone. Effective levels of boron were still present in this zone 15 years after treatment. Attempts to correlate the presence of decay fungi with residual boron levels indicated that these fungi were sometimes present in zones with boron at the lower threshold level of 0.5 kg m-3 boric acid equivalent (BAE), but most of the isolations could be explained by localized variations in distribution. Boron rods provided excellent long term protection against internal decay in Douglas-fir poles.
Effects of ionic strength, monoethanolamine, copper, and pH on adsorption of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride in wood
Authors: Lee Myung Jae , Cooper Paul 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Various factors were investigated that could affect the adsorption of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) on red pine wood. An increase in ionic strength of ADBAC solution had little effect on ion exchange (chemisorption) but allowed higher hydrophobic uptake (physisorption) of ADBAC in wood. ADBAC solution containing high amounts of monoethanolamine (MEA) and Cu decreased the chemisorption of ADBAC; free MEA and Cu appear to compete with ADBAC cations for the same bonding sites in wood. When ADBAC in MEA solution was adsorbed on wood under different pH conditions, ADBAC adsorption increased with increasing pH, but was considerably lower than the cation exchange capacity of red pine. Red pine blocks were treated radially and longitudinally with alkaline copper quat solution to verify how the micelle form of ADBAC penetrates into wood. Copper penetrated evenly into 50 mm thick wood samples with little gradient with depth; however, high amounts of ADBAC were concentrated on the surface creating a steep gradient with depth. After accelerated leaching, considerable amounts of physically adsorbed ADBAC leached out, especially from the surface.
Quantification of polypropylene (PP) in wood plastic composites (WPCs) by analytical pyrolysis (Py) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
Authors: Windt Michael , Meier Dietrich , Lehnen Ralph 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The common use of wood together with traditional chemical polymers opens new possibilities in the field of sustainable product development. Wood plastic composites (WPCs) are an ideal combination of these raw materials, which can be produced with standard plastic technology such as extrusion or injection moulding. Wood to plastic ratio in a WPC influences quality and price, thus adaptation of analytical tools for material testing and quality assurance is required. In this study, the suitability of analytical pyrolysis (Py) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was investigated to quantify the amount of polypropylene (PP) in WPCs. The reliability of these methods was tested by analysing WPCs with different ratios of wood and PP. The amount of PP can be determined with DSC based on its melting point as the influence of wood is negligible in this context. The increment of typical PP markers and decrement of wood markers was observed and quantified in the pyrograms if the PP content in WPCs was elevated. Thus, the ratio of PP and wood can be reliably quantified by means of online and offline analytical pyrolysis.
NIR-based prediction of extractives in American white oak heartwood
Authors: Taylor Adam M. , Labbé Nicole , Noehmer Andrea 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWhite oak is commonly used for cooperage and the heartwood extractives are important for this application because of their impact on the flavor and color of wine and spirits aged in white oak barrels. White oak extractives comprise a complex mixture of compounds and the composition of the mixture can change within trees over time. The ability to monitor the extractives component of white oak heartwood could be helpful for assessments of barrels and their contents. Wood from five American white oak stave logs was sampled. NIR-based models could provide reasonable predictions of the concentration of individual extractives components. However, these extractives were highly correlated to one another and to radial location suggesting that segregation of white oak material based on distance from the pith could be an efficient method for selecting samples that are relatively rich in flavor-associated chemicals. The relatively poor near infrared-based prediction ability for total extractives content could be due to age-related changes in the composition of the mixture of extractives across the radius.
Effects of high-dose octreotide LAR on glucose metabolism in patients with acromegaly inadequately controlled by conventional somatostatin analog therapy
Authors: Mazziotti Gherardo , Porcelli Teresa , Bogazzi Fausto , Bugari Giovanna , Cannavò Salvatore , Colao Annamaria , Cozzi Renato , De Marinis Laura , degli Uberti Ettore , Grottoli Silvia , Minuto Francesco , Montini Marcella , Spinello Maurizio , Giustina Andrea 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveIn this study, the effect of high-dose octreotide LAR on glucose metabolism in patients with acromegaly was investigated.DesignA post-hoc analysis of a clinical trial enrolling 26 patients with acromegaly not controlled by standard maximal somatostatin analog (SSAs) dose and randomized to receive high-dose (60 mg/28 days) or high-frequency (30 mg/21 days) octreotide i.m. injection (octreotide LAR) for 6 months.MethodsGlucose metabolic status was defined as worsened when a progression from normoglycemia to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or from IFG to diabetes occurred or when an increase of HbAlc by at least 0.5% was demonstrated. An improvement of glucose metabolism was defined in the presence of a regression from IFG to normoglycemia and/or when HbAlc decreased by at least 0.5%.ResultsGlucose metabolic status remained unchanged in a majority of patients (16/26 patients, 65.3%), worsened in six patients, and improved in four patients. Pre-existing metabolic status did not predict worsening of glucose metabolism, which, conversely, was significantly related to persistent biochemical activity of the disease. In fact, patients with worsened glucose metabolism exhibited a less frequent decrease in serum GH and IGF1 levels, compared with patients with improved or unchanged glucose metabolism (2/6 vs 18/20; P=0.01).ConclusionAn increase in octreotide LAR dose or frequency did not impact on glucose metabolism in most patients. Worsening of glucose metabolic status occurred in close relation with persistently uncontrolled acromegaly.
Diversity-Enhancing Selection Acts on a Female Reproductive Protease Family in Four Subspecies ofDrosophila mojavensis
Authors: Kelleher Erin S , Clark Nathaniel L , Markow Therese A 
Published: January 2011

AbstractProtein components of the Drosophila male ejaculate are critical modulators of reproductive success, several of which are known to evolve rapidly. Recent evidence of adaptive evolution in female reproductive tract proteins suggests this pattern may reflect sexual selection at the molecular level. Here we explore the evolutionary dynamics of a five-paralog gene family of female reproductive proteases within geographically isolated subspecies of Drosophila mojavensis. Remarkably, four of five paralogs show exceptionally low differentiation between subspecies and unusually structured haplotypes that suggest the retention of old polymorphisms. These gene genealogies are accompanied by deviations from neutrality consistent with diversifying selection. While diversifying selection has been observed among the reproductive molecules of mammals and marine invertebrates, our study provides the first evidence of this selective regime in any Drosophila reproductive protein, male or female.
Comparison of Constitutional and Replication Stress-Induced Genome Structural Variation by SNP Array and Mate-Pair Sequencing
Authors: Arlt Martin F , Ozdemir Alev Cagla , Birkeland Shanda R , Lyons Robert H , Glover Thomas W , Wilson Thomas E 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCopy-number variants (CNVs) are a major source of genetic variation in human health and disease. Previous studies have implicated replication stress as a causative factor in CNV formation. However, existing data are technically limited in the quality of comparisons that can be made between human CNVs and experimentally induced variants. Here, we used two high-resolution strategies—single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and mate-pair sequencing—to compare CNVs that occur constitutionally to those that arise following aphidicolin-induced DNA replication stress in the same human cells. Although the optimized methods provided complementary information, sequencing was more sensitive to small variants and provided superior structural descriptions. The majority of constitutional and all aphidicolin-induced CNVs appear to be formed via homology-independent mechanisms, while aphidicolin-induced CNVs were of a larger median size than constitutional events even when mate-pair data were considered. Aphidicolin thus appears to stimulate formation of CNVs that closely resemble human pathogenic CNVs and the subset of larger nonhomologous constitutional CNVs.
Regulation of Anoxic Death in Caenorhabditis elegans by Mammalian Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase (ASK) Family Proteins
Authors: Hayakawa Teruyuki , Kato Kumiko , Hayakawa Ryoichi , Hisamoto Naoki , Matsumoto Kunihiro , Takeda Kohsuke , Ichijo Hidenori 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Cells and organisms face anoxia in a wide variety of contexts, including ischemia and hibernation. Cells respond to anoxic conditions through multiple signaling pathways. We report that NSY-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of mammalian apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) family of MAP kinase (MAPK) kinase kinases (MAP3Ks), regulates viability of animals in anoxia. Loss-of-function mutations of nsy-1 increased survival under anoxic conditions, and increased survival was also observed in animals with mutations in tir-1 and the MAPK kinase (MAP2K) sek-1, which are upstream and downstream factors of NSY-1, respectively. Consistent with these findings, anoxia was found to activate the p38 MAPK ortholog PMK-1, and this was suppressed in nsy-1 and tir-1 mutant animals. Furthermore, double-mutant analysis showed that the insulin-signaling pathway, which also regulates viability in anoxia, functioned in parallel to NSY-1. These results suggest that the TIR-1–NSY-1–SEK-1-PMK-1 pathway plays important roles in the reponse to anoxia in C. elegans.
An Asymmetric Chromosome Pair Undergoes Synaptic Adjustment and Crossover Redistribution During Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis: Implications for Sex Chromosome Evolution
Authors: Henzel Jonathan V , Nabeshima Kentaro , Schvarzstein Mara , Turner B Elizabeth , Villeneuve Anne M , Hillers Kenneth J 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Heteromorphic sex chromosomes, such as the X/Y pair in mammals, differ in size and DNA sequence yet function as homologs during meiosis; this bivalent asymmetry presents special challenges for meiotic completion. In Caenorhabditis elegans males carrying mnT12, an X;IV fusion chromosome, mnT12 and IV form an asymmetric bivalent: chromosome IV sequences are capable of pairing and synapsis, while the contiguous X portion of mnT12 lacks a homologous pairing partner. Here, we investigate the meiotic behavior of this asymmetric neo-X/Y chromosome pair in C. elegans. Through immunolocalization of the axis component HIM-3, we demonstrate that the unpaired X axis has a distinct, coiled morphology while synapsed axes are linear and extended. By showing that loci at the fusion-proximal end of IV become unpaired while remaining synapsed as pachytene progresses, we directly demonstrate the occurrence of synaptic adjustment in this organism. We further demonstrate that meiotic crossover distribution is markedly altered in males with the asymmetric mnT12/+ bivalent relative to controls, resulting in greatly reduced crossover formation near the X;IV fusion point and elevated crossovers at the distal end of the bivalent. In effect, the distal end of the bivalent acts as a neo-pseudoautosomal region in these males. We discuss implications of these findings for mechanisms that ensure crossover formation during meiosis. Furthermore, we propose that redistribution of crossovers triggered by bivalent asymmetry may be an important driving force in sex chromosome evolution.