bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Craniosynostosis in a patient with 2q37.3 deletion 5q34 duplication: Association of extra copy of MSX2 with craniosynostosis
Authors: Kariminejad Ariana , Kariminejad Roxana , Tzschach Andreas , Ullmann Reinhard , Ahmed Alisho , Asghari‐Roodsari Alaleh , Salehpour Shadab , Afroozan Fariba , Ropers Hans‐Hilger , Kariminejad Mohammad Hasan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe report on a 1‐year‐old boy with craniosynostosis, microcephaly, developmental delay and dysmorphic features. Chromosomal studies of the proband showed 46,XY,add(2)(q37)dn and those of the parents were normal. The rearranged material in the patient was further defined using array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), which revealed loss of 2Mb distal to 2q37.3 and duplication of 15Mb from 5q34 → qter. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies using subtelomeric 2q and 5q probes showed the 2q deletion and 5q duplication resulting from a rearrangement of the segment from 5q onto the long arm of chromosome 2. FISH studies of the parents did not show any rearrangement. Recently it has been proposed that an extra copy of MSX2 that maps to 5q35.2 causes premature synostosis of the sutures via the MSX2‐mediated pathway of calvarial osteogenic differentiation. Our case further supports the role of MSX2 duplication in the etiology of craniosynostosis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spiro[4,4]‐1,6‐nonadiene‐Based Phosphine–Oxazoline Ligands for Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Ketimines
Authors: Han Zhaobin , Wang Zheng , Zhang Xumu , Ding Kuiling 
Published: June 2009

AbstractVon Iminen zu Aminen durch Katalyse mit IrI‐Komplexen eines neuartigen P,N‐Liganden (siehe Schema): Die Titelreaktion liefert die entsprechenden optisch aktiven Amine mit bis zu 98 % ee und ermöglichte die perfekt stereoselektive Synthese von Sertralin (1), einem wichtigen Antidepressivum.magnified image
Synthesis and Characterization of a Photoluminescent Nanoparticle Based on Fullerene–Silica Hybridization
Authors: Jeong Jinyoung , Cho Miyoung , Lim Yong Taik , Song Nam Woong , Chung Bong Hyun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractStrahlemänner: Fulleren‐Siliciumdioxid‐Hybridnanopartikel verfügen über helle Photolumineszenz, hohe Photobeständigkeit und geringe Zelltoxizität – alles Vorteile bei der Verwendung als Bildgebungsagentien für biologische Proben. Die Photolumineszenz der Nanopartikel beruht auf den C‐O‐Si‐Bindungen (siehe Bild).magnified image
Innentitelbild: Ein sphärisches Molekül mit einem Kohlenstoff‐freien Ih‐C80‐topologischen Gerüst (Angew. Chem. 27/2009)
Authors: Scheer Manfred , Schindler Andrea , Gröger Christian , Virovets Alexander V. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDurch templatgesteuerte Selbstorganisation von molekularen Pentaphosphaferrocen‐ und CuCl‐Einheiten wurde das erste Kohlenstoff‐freie ikosaedrische Molekül mit C80‐Topologie gebildet, das im Innern ein Carboranmolekül verkapselt hat. In der Zuschrift auf S. 5148 ff. berichten M. Scheer und Mitarbeiter über die Synthese und Charakterisierung dieser beeindruckenden supramolekularen Verbindung mit einer faszinierenden elektronischen Wechselwirkung zwischen dem sphärischen Wirtkäfig und dem Carboran. Cu blau, Fe oliv, P rosa, Cl grün, C grau, B/C orange, H weiß.magnified image
Spiro[4,4]‐1,6‐nonadiene‐Based Phosphine–Oxazoline Ligands for Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Ketimines
Authors: Han Zhaobin , Wang Zheng , Zhang Xumu , Ding Kuiling 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFrom imines to amines through catalysis by IrI complexes of a new type of P,N ligand (see scheme): This reaction affords the corresponding optically active amines with up to 98 % ee and has also been used with perfect stereoselectivity in the asymmetric synthesis of sertraline (1), an important antidepressant chiral drug.magnified image
A Facile Template Approach to High‐Nuclearity Silver(I) Alkynyl Clusters
Authors: Bian Shu‐Dan , Wu Hua‐Bin , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPeanut clusters: Anion templates are used in a facile approach for the synthesis of high‐nuclearity silver clusters. The cluster nuclearity can be controlled by adjusting the size of the templating anions and by using different alkynyl ligands. The largest silver alkynyl cluster, which consists of 35 silver(I) centers in the shape of a peanut, has been prepared by using chromate anions as templates (see picture).magnified image
Elongational behavior of epoxy during curing
Authors: Takiguchi Osamu , Sugimoto Masataka , Taniguchi Takashi , Koyama Kiyohito 
Published: June 2009

AbstractElongational behavior of epoxy (epoxy/curing agent = 100/0.5, w/w) cured at various conditions over the critical gelation time was investigated. Dynamic viscoelastic measurements of the epoxy system were performed and the critical gelation time of epoxy was determined according to the frequency dependence of G′ and G″ proposed by Winter and Chambon. Elongational behavior of epoxy cured for various times were measured. Epoxy, cured over the critical gelation time, showed strain hardening and elongational behavior similar to a crosslinked rubber. Increase of elongational viscosity of the sample occurred early, and the sample broke at small strain as curing time increased. The effect of strain rate on the elongational stress of epoxy cured near the critical gelation time was measured at various strain rates. For epoxy cured for critical gelation time only, high stress at a small strain rate was represented as strain rate increased. When increasing curing time further, the tensile stress converged on a single curve regardless of strain rate, and samples broke at nearly the same stress and strain. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
High‐performance bio‐based thermosetting resins composed of dehydrated castor oil and bismaleimide
Authors: Hirayama Ken‐Ichi , Irie Tomomi , Teramoto Naozumi , Shibata Mitsuhiro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe reaction of dehydrated castor oil (DCO) and 1,1′‐(methylenedi‐4,1‐phenylene)bismaleimide (BMI) in 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone (DMI) at 130°C for 6 h and subsequent precipitation gave DCO/BMI prepolymer, which was cured at 200°C for 2 h gave DCO/BMI cured product. The FE‐SEM analysis revealed that the cured products with CC ratio 2/1 and 1/1 are homogeneous, whereas phase separation occurs for the 1/2 product. The glass transition temperature, 5% weight loss temperature, and tensile modulus of the cured DCO/BMI increased with increasing BMI content. Regarding the tensile strength, the cured DCO/BMI 1/1 product showed the highest value. To evaluate the reaction of DCO and BMI, the model reaction products of DCO and N‐phenylmaleimide (PMI) in DMI were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The 1H NMR data of DCO revealed that DCO has about 4.8 CHCH bonds per triglyceride and that the ratio of conjugated and nonconjugated diene moieties is about 41/59. The NMR data of the reaction products of DCO/PMI with the CC ratio 2/1 and 1/1 at 200°C for 24 h revealed that both Diels–Alder and ene reactions occurs in addition to radical polymerization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of a silicone resin with silphenylene units in Si‐O‐Si backbones
Authors: Jia Mengqiu , Wu Chaobo , Li Wei , Gao Dahai 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA silicone resin with silphenylene units in Si‐O‐Si backbones was synthesized by hydrolysis‐polycondensation of 1,4‐bis(hydroxydimethylsilyl)benzene (BHB) with chlorosilanes. The structure and property of this novel silicone resin were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogarvimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). This silicone resin could be applied as the film forming material of coating when it is prepared under the condition of R/Si, Ph/R, and the content of silphenylene units being 1.3, 0.5, and 10 mol %, respectively. GPC, IR, and NMR results show that the silphenylene units have been incorporated into the polymer of silicone resin. The TG analysis indicates that this novel silicone resin has good heat resistance with the onset degradation temperature of 500.3°C and residual weight of 85.6% at 900°C. SEM results demonstrate that the silicone resin with silphenylene units can form full and uniform films, and its surface morphology of clear paints were not damaged by heat below 350°C. EIS analysis reveals that clear paints of the silicone resin with silphenylene units have good resistance to corrosion. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐propylene glycol) as a macromolecular plasticizing agent for polylactide: Thermomechanical properties and aging
Authors: Jia Zhiyuan , Tan Juanjuan , Han Changyu , Yang Yuming , Dong Lisong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFinding a suitable plasticizer for polylactide (PLA) is necessary to overcome its brittleness and enlarge its range of applications. In this study, commercial PLA was melt‐blended with a new plasticizer, an ethylene glycol/propylene glycol random copolymer [poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐propylene glycol) (PEPG)] with a typical number‐average molecular weight of 12 kDa and an ethylene glycol content of 78.7 mol %. The thermal properties, crystallization behavior, and mechanical properties of the quenched blends and the properties of the blends after storage for 2 months under the ambient conditions were investigated in detail. The advantage of using PEPG is that it does not crystallize at room temperature and has good compatibility with PLA. The quenched PLA/PEPG blends were homogeneous and amorphous systems. With an increase in the PEPG content (5–20%), the glass‐transition temperature, tensile strength, and modulus of the blends decreased, whereas the elongation at break and crystallizability increased dramatically. The cold crystallization of PLA resulted in phase separation of the PLA/PEPG blends by annealing of the blends at the crystallization temperature. After storage under the ambient conditions for 2 months, the PLA/PEPG blends retained good toughness but still lost some flexibility. The reasons for the aging of the blends were the enthalpy relaxation and cold crystallization of PLA and the induced phase separation. Poly(ethylene glycol) with a typical number‐average molecular weight of 10 kDa was also blended with PLA for comparison. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Optimization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles via numerical modeling: A statistical design of experiment approach
Authors: Demirel B. , Daver F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles, commonly used for carbonated soft drink packaging, occasionally fail because of environmental stress cracking at the petaloid base. At raised temperatures, particularly during hot summer months, increased carbonation pressure of the contents aggravates susceptibility to stress cracking. In this study, numerical modeling with finite element analysis techniques was used to redesign the petaloid base of bottles to improve stress‐crack resistance. An experimental design based on an algorithmic partial cubic method was employed. Mathematical modeling of the principal internal stress as a function of key design parameters identified optimal dimensions for the petaloid base. The improvement in stress‐crack resistance was verified by experimental studies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Polyesters based on two silarylene or germarylene moieties: Synthesis under phase‐transfer conditions
Authors: Tagle L. H. , Terraza C. A. , Leiva A. , Alvarez P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPolyesters (PEs) containing two heteroatoms (Si and/or Ge) in the main chain, derived from the acid dichlorides bis(4‐chloroformylphenyl) ethylmethylsilane, bis(4‐chloroformylphenyl) diethylsilane, bis(4‐chloroformylphenyl) diethylgermane, and bis(4‐chloroformylphenyl) di‐nbutylgermane and from the diphenols bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) ethylmethylsilane, bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) diethylsilane, bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) diethylgermane, and bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) di‐nbutylgermane, were synthesized under phase‐transfer conditions with three quaternary ammonium salts as phase‐transfer catalysts and three NaOH concentrations in the aqueous phase. PEs were characterized with IR and NMR spectroscopy, including 29Si‐NMR. In general, the yields and intrinsic viscosities were low, and in some cases, an increase in these parameters was shown as a result of the catalyst effect. An increase in the NaOH concentration caused a decrease in the yields because of a hydrolytic process. PEs with Si were thermally more stable than those with Ge. The glass‐transition temperatures decreased when the side chains bonded to the heteroatoms were longer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Products of reaction between N,N′‐Bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)urea and ethylene carbonate and their application to obtain polyurethane foams
Authors: Zarzyka‐Niemiec Iwona 
Published: June 2009

AbstractN,N′‐Bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)urea (BHEU) was hydroxyalkylated with ethylene carbonate (EC). The oligomeric products were obtained and analyzed by 1H‐NMR, IR, MALDI ToF, and GC methods. The polyols obtained from BHEU and EC in large excess have good thermal stability and possess suitable physical properties as substrates for foamed polyurethanes. The rigid polyurethane foams obtained from the hydroxyethoxy derivatives of urea reveal enhanced thermal stability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Molecular characterization of two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits from Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)
Authors: Tang Pei‐An , Jiang Hong‐Bo , Xu Yong‐Qiang , An Feng‐Ming , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes, Lbα1 and Lbα8, were isolated and characterized from psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. They are the first two nAChR family members isolated from the insect order of Psocoptera. The full‐length cDNAs of Lbα1 (GenBank accession number: EU871527) and Lbα8 (EU871526) consist of 2,025 and 1,763 nucleotides, respectively, and an open reading frame of 1,644 and 1,608 bp encoding 547 and 535 amino acid proteins, respectively. Both genes have typical features of nAChR family members, though they share only 56% identity in amino acid sequence. The dendrogram generated by the MEGA 3.1 program shows that the protein deduced by Lbα1 had the closest phylogenetic relationship to Agamα1 from Anopheles gambiae and Amelα1 from Apis mellifera, and Lbα8 shares the highest identity with Agamα8 from An. gambiae and Amelα8 from A. mellifera. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis showed that Lbα1 was expressed 2.03–6.54‐fold higher than Lbα8 at the different developmental stages of L. bostrychophila. The highest expression levels of Lbα1 and Lbα8 were both detected at adult stage and the lowest were at the third and fourth nymphal stages, respectively. There was a stable and relatively low expression level for Lbα1, whereas there was a descending expression pattern for Lbα8 in the 1st through the 4th nymphal stadia. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Low‐intensity microwave irradiation does not substantially alter gene expression in late larval and adult Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Dawe Adam S. , Bodhicharla Rakesh K. , Graham Neil S. , May Sean T. , Reader Tom , Loader Benjamin , Gregory Andrew , Swicord Mays , Bit‐Babik Giorgi , de Pomerai David I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractReports that low‐intensity microwave radiation induces heat‐shock reporter gene expression in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, have recently been reinterpreted as a subtle thermal effect caused by slight heating. This study used a microwave exposure system (1.0 GHz, 0.5 W power input; SAR 0.9–3 mW kg−1 for 6‐well plates) that minimises temperature differentials between sham and exposed conditions (≤0.1 °C). Parallel measurement and simulation studies of SAR distribution within this exposure system are presented. We compared five Affymetrix gene arrays of pooled triplicate RNA populations from sham‐exposed L4/adult worms against five gene arrays of pooled RNA from microwave‐exposed worms (taken from the same source population in each run). No genes showed consistent expression changes across all five comparisons, and all expression changes appeared modest after normalisation (≤40% up‐ or down‐regulated). The number of statistically significant differences in gene expression (846) was less than the false‐positive rate expected by chance (1131). We conclude that the pattern of gene expression in L4/adult C. elegans is substantially unaffected by low‐intensity microwave radiation; the minor changes observed in this study could well be false positives. As a positive control, we compared RNA samples from N2 worms subjected to a mild heat‐shock treatment (30 °C) against controls at 26 °C (two gene arrays per condition). As expected, heat‐shock genes are strongly up‐regulated at 30 °C, particularly an hsp‐70 family member (C12C8.1) and hsp‐16.2. Under these heat‐shock conditions, we confirmed that an hsp‐16.2::GFP transgene was strongly up‐regulated, whereas two non‐heat‐inducible transgenes (daf‐16::GFP; cyp‐34A9::GFP) showed little change in expression. Bioelectromagnetics 30:602–612, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow‐injection determination of vitamin A in pharmaceutical formulations using Tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)Ru(II)–Ce(IV) chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Yaqoob Mohammad , Waseem Amir , Rishi Lubna , Nabi Abdul 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA flow injection method with chemiluminescence detection is reported for the determination of vitamin A. The method is based on the enhancement effect of vitamin A on chemiluminescence of tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)Ru(II)–Ce(IV) in acidic medium. The proposed procedure is used to quantitate vitamin A in the range 1.0–100 × 10−6 mol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991 (n = 9) and relative standard deviation in the range 1.2–2.3% (n = 4). The limit of detection (3 × blank) was 8.0 × 10−8 mol/L with a sample throughput of 100/h. The effect of common excipients used in pharmaceutical formulations and some clinically important compounds was also studied. The method was applied to determine vitamin A in pharmaceutical formulations and the results obtained were in reasonable agreement with the amount quoted. The results were compared using spectrophotometric method and no significant difference was found between the results of the two methods at 95% confidence limit. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marketing strategies in the age of sustainable development: Evidence from the food industry
Authors: Belz Frank‐Martin , Schmidt‐Riediger Birte 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper we investigate characteristics and drivers of sustainability marketing strategies. Based on an empirical study in the food industry, we identify four sustainability marketing strategy types with distinctive characteristics (performers, followers, indecisives and passives). Consumers are one of the main drivers of sustainability marketing strategies. Depending on the sensitization of consumers to socio‐ecological problems, the perceptibility of socio‐ecological qualities, the individually perceived net benefits and the availability of sustainable alternatives, we argue that the typology and drivers apply to non‐food industries as well. Furthermore, we find that the incorporation of social and ecological aspects into marketing strategies also depends on the market segment in which the company competes: companies that are positioned in the premium or quality segment are more inclined to take an active stance on sustainability marketing than companies that compete in the price segment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Polarised Life of the Endocannabinoid System in CNS Development
Authors: Anavi‐Goffer Sharon , Mulder Jan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe spatiotemporal expressionof cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoid‐metabolising enzymes during brain development guides major developmental processes including neurogenesis, cell differentiation, cell migration, neuronal specification and synaptogenesis.magnified imageEndocannabinoids (eCBs) play an important role in fine‐tuning neurotransmission and have recently been shown to play an important role in brain development. The spatiotemporal expression of cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoid‐metabolising enzymes during development guides major developmental processes including neurogenesis, cell differentiation, cell migration, neuronal specification and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, pharmacological experiments and transgenic animal models have shown the impact of disrupted eCB signalling on normal brain development and revealed the danger of both cannabis abuse and exposure to cannabinoid drugs during embryonic development, childhood and adolescence. In this review, we focus on the dynamic expression of eCB components and the physiological role eCBs play during brain development.
Synthesis and Investigation of Tryptophan–Amphotericin B Conjugates
Authors: Zumbuehl Andreas , Stano Pasquale , Sohrmann Marc , Dietiker Rolf , Peter Mathias , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAnchors aweigh! The synthesis of tryptophan–amphotericin B conjugates (see figure) is described. The membrane‐anchoring effect of tryptophane was thus combined with the pore‐formation effect of amphotericin B leading to high channel activity in sterol‐free liposomes.magnified image
Bipartite Tetracysteine Display Requires Site Flexibility for ReAsH Coordination
Authors: Goodman Jessica L. , Fried Daniel B. , Schepartz Alanna 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFlexibility required: We designed intramolecular bipartite tetracysteine sites in loops of p53 and the β‐sheets of EmGFP. We found that ReAsH binding preferentially favors tetracysteine sites with flexible geometries such as loops; flexibility was assessed by comparing Cα B‐factor values. This information is important for directing successful bipartite tetracysteine site designs.magnified image
Primary Steps of pH‐Dependent Insulin Aggregation Kinetics are Governed by Conformational Flexibility
Authors: Haas Jürgen , Vöhringer‐Martinez Esteban , Bögehold Andreas , Matthes Dirk , Hensen Ulf , Pelah Avishay , Abel Bernd , Grubmüller Helmut 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInsulin aggregation critically depends on pH. The underlying energetic and structural determinants are, however, unknown. Here, we measure the kinetics of the primary aggregation steps of the insulin monomer in vitro and relate it to its conformational flexibility. To assess these primary steps the monomer concentration was monitored by mass spectrometry at various pH values and aggregation products were imaged by atomic force microscopy. Lowering the pH from 3 to 1.6 markedly accelerated the observed aggregation kinetics. The influence of pH on the monomer structure and dynamics in solution was studied by molecular dynamics simulations, with the protonation states of the titrable groups obtained from electrostatic calculations. Reduced flexibility was observed for low pH values, mainly in the C terminus and in the helix of the B chain; these corresponded to an estimated entropy loss of 150 J mol−1 K−1. The striking correlation between entropy loss and pH value is consistent with the observed kinetic traces. In analogy to the well‐known Φ value analysis, this result allows the extraction of structural information about the rate determining transition state of the primary aggregation steps. In particular, we suggest that the residues in the helix of the B chain are involved in this transition state.