bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared Decision-Making in Pediatrics: A National Perspective
Authors: Fiks Alexander G. , Localio A. Russell , Alessandrini Evaline A. , Asch David A. , Guevara James P. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVES:To identify patterns of shared decision-making (SDM) among a nationally representative sample of US children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or asthma and determine if demographics, health status, or access to care are associated with SDM.PATIENTS AND METHODS:We performed a cross-sectional study of the 2002–2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, which represents 2 million children with ADHD and 4 million children with asthma. The outcome, high SDM, was defined by using latent class models based on 7 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey items addressing aspects of SDM. We entered factors potentially associated with SDM into logistic regression models with high SDM as the outcome. Marginal standardization then described the standardized proportion of children's households with high SDM for each factor.RESULTS:For both ADHD and asthma, 65% of children's households had high SDM. Those who reported poor general health for their children were 13% less likely to have high SDM for ADHD (64 vs 77%) and 8% less likely for asthma (62 vs 70%) when adjusting for other factors. Results for behavioral impairment were similar. Respondent demographic characteristics were not associated with SDM. Those with difficulty contacting their clinician by telephone were 26% (ADHD: 55 vs 81%) and 29% (asthma: 48 vs 77%) less likely to have high SDM than those without difficulty.CONCLUSIONS:These findings indicate that households of children who report greater impairment or difficulty contacting their clinician by telephone are less likely to fully participate in SDM. Future research should examine how strategies to foster ongoing communication between families and clinicians affect SDM.
Undersized Acanthopagrus butcheri Caught and Released from Commercial Gill Nets Show High Survival Rates in the Gippsland Lakes, Southeastern Australia
Authors: Grixti Daniel , Morison Alexander , Bell Justin D. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A substantial decline in the commercial catches and catch rates of black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri in the Gippsland Lakes, Australia, signified a depletion of the stock and prompted management to increase the legal minimum length (LML) from 26 cm to 28 cm (total length) in December 2003. The effectiveness of this increase depends on the postrelease survival rate of undersized fish. The present study estimates the rates of release and initial survival (1 h after capture) of undersized A. butcheri during commercial fishing by gill nets in the Gippsland Lakes. Field capture and holding trials were also used to estimate initial and delayed survival (72 h after capture). Almost 6,000 A. butcheri from 347 gill net shots were caught during 2005–2006. The average total length increased by 1 cm from 2005 to 2006, increasing the proportion of the catch that was retained in 2006 (75%) compared with 2005 (50%). The best estimates of initial and delayed survival were 97.2% (SE, 0.3%) and 94.4% (SE, 3.8%), respectively. The total survival rate, which combines the initial survival rate from observer work with the delayed survival rates from the trials, was estimated as 90.8% (SE, 3.8%). The increase in the LML from 26 to 28 cm afforded significant protection to fish between these size limits, but the level of protection will be short term (1 or at most 2 years) for each year-class because of the growth rate of the species. Released, retained, and postrelease survival rates are discussed for various LMLs and with regard to their implications for fishery management.
A Genetic and Phenetic Baseline before the Recolonization of Steelhead above Howard Hanson Dam, Green River, Washington
Authors: Winans Gary A. , Baird Melissa C. , Baker Jon 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In 2011, steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout) will be systematically transported above Howard Hanson Dam, Green River, Washington. We are interested in providing data to help manage the stock of fish that are selected to recolonize the upper river and to track how resident rainbow trout above the dam respond genetically after 80 years of isolation. We characterized relevant gene pools in the upper Green River before fish transportation with 11 microsatellite loci to evaluate the genetic variability within and among collections. We also examined morphometric and coloration patterns as potential indicators of adaptive variation. Hatchery steelhead are clearly different from wild steelhead (FST = 0.037); genetic assignment tests correctly distinguished 91% of the steelhead. While there was no reduction in the amount of genetic variability in the resident rainbow trout above Howard Hanson Dam compared with that of wild steelhead collections below the dam, the two groups had low but statistically significant differences (FST = 0.03). The transport of juvenile and adult steelhead above the dam in the last 20 years may have affected these genetic results. Two collections of hatchery rainbow trout were highly differentiated from all other collections, and a STRUCTURE analysis indicated that there was no introgression of their genes into Green River fish. Morphologically, significant differences were seen between juvenile resident rainbow trout and steelhead. Resident trout had a stout caudal peduncle and more parr marks, whereas juvenile steelhead had a more elongate tail and fewer parr marks. Given these genetic and phenetic measures of differentiation, managers can monitor and screen the upstream passage of steelhead, and will be able evaluate the level of participation of resident rainbow trout gene pools in the recolonization event.
Water Temperature and River Stage Influence Mortality and Abundance of Naturally Occurring Mississippi River Scaphirhynchus Sturgeon
Authors: Phelps Quinton E. , Tripp Sara J. , Hintz William D. , Garvey James E. , Herzog David P. , Ostendorf David E. , Ridings Joseph W. , Crites Jason W. , Hrabik Robert A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Several studies have investigated the demographics of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and pallid sturgeon S. albus in the Mississippi River through assessment of adult populations; however, comparatively few studies have examined the early life history of these species. Here, we describe a comprehensive 4-year study that examined the effects of water temperature and river stage on the mortality, abundance, hatch timing, and growth rates of age-0 Scaphirhynchus spp. sturgeon in the middle Mississippi River. We trawled island areas every 7–10 d from April to August 2004–2007. We captured 1,256 individuals ranging from 10 to 193 mm total length over the 4-year study. Mean age-0 sturgeon growth rates ranged from 1.42 to 1.50 mm/d over the 4 years; however, growth rates did not differ among years. Individuals hatched over a 25–65-d period, and peak hatch dates were between 10 and 20 May in all years. Moreover, hatch timing possibly coincided with optimum spawning temperatures of 17–20°C and an increase in river stage. Abundance appeared to be regulated by river stage; longer durations of high water were related to higher relative abundance. Furthermore, mortality increased with the number of days on which water temperature exceeded 28°C. Based on these data, management strategies may need to ensure sturgeon hatching success and subsequent survival through optimizing hydrologic and thermal regimes that occur during the early life stage.
Magnitude and Causes of Smolt Mortality in Rotary Screw Traps: An Atlantic Salmon Case Study
Authors: Music Paul A. , Hawkes James P. , Cooperman Michael S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Rotary screw traps (RSTs) are commonly used for collecting and holding fish swimming downstream. We used these traps to collect Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts from multiple rivers draining to the Gulf of Maine from 1996 to 2008. Limited prior evaluations suggest that RSTs cause only minimal mortality, but detailed evaluation of the potential for negative impacts specific to Atlantic salmon and other smolts has not occurred. There are concerns that RSTs contribute to smolt mortality via physical injury during collection or via exposure to stressful holding conditions within RST live-cars. We evaluated the magnitude and causes of mortality associated with our use of RSTs and recorded the water temperatures and velocities present within the live-cars at the times smolts were moving downstream. Of the 24,675 Atlantic salmon smolts collected, 48 (0.2%) were classified as trap-caused mortalities. The most frequent causes of death were physical injuries associated with the clogging of traps with debris and overcrowding of the live-cars. Water velocities within the live-cars ranged from 0.09 to 0.57 m/s, and mean velocities never exceeded the published tolerance limits for Atlantic salmon smolts. The seasonal water temperatures within the live-cars (range, 4.2–20.8°C) were not significantly different from those of the water columns (4.3–21.0°C) adjacent to the traps. Our analysis suggests that, under typical operations, RSTs represent a minimal threat to Atlantic salmon smolts, and we present methods to further reduce the risk.
Overriding Effects of Species‐Specific Turbidity Thresholds on Hoop‐Net Catch Rates of Native Fishes in the Little Colorado River, Arizona
Authors: Stone Dennis M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractI examined the effects of turbidity, discharge, and temperature on hoop‐net catch rates of native humpback chub Gila cypha, speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus, flannelmouth suckers Catostomus latipinnis, and bluehead suckers C. discobolus in the Little Colorado River, Arizona. Results indicated that native fish catch rates were primarily influenced by whether turbidity levels were below or above species‐specific thresholds of approximately 545 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) for humpback chub, 221 NTU for speckled dace, 846 NTU for flannelmouth suckers, and 70 NTU for bluehead suckers. The effects of discharge were negligible, but discharge did dictate the turbidity level. Turbidity levels at hoop‐net deployment relative to the turbidity thresholds predetermined much of the catchability of fish. Catch rates were highest in a high‐catch zone consisting of the lowermost turbidities, which ranged up to the start of a transition zone for each species (humpback chub, ≤54 NTU; speckled dace, ≤29 NTU; flannelmouth sucker, ≤81 NTU; bluehead sucker, ≤26 NTU), and the secondary effects of temperature were only detectable in this zone. Catch rates within the transition zone decreased at higher turbidities up to the thresholds and thereafter remained consistently low at all higher turbidities within this low‐catch zone. The effects of the turbidity thresholds on catch rates decreased for larger fish of all species. Theoretically, the effects of turbidity reflect a behavioral switch by native fishes from relying primarily on structural cover (e.g., hoop nets) to using turbidity as cover to reduce the predation risk as turbidity increases from below to above the thresholds. Moreover, turbidities within the low‐catch zone could be totally incapacitating the fishes' visual capabilities such that fish perceive these turbidity levels as unlimited visual cover. The turbidity threshold concept probably applies to the hoop‐net catch rates of other fishes in other riverine systems.
Migratory Urge and Gill Na+,K+‐ATPase Activity of Hatchery‐Reared Atlantic Salmon Smolts from the Dennys and Penobscot River Stocks, Maine
Authors: Spencer Randall C. , Zydlewski Joseph , Zydlewski Gayle 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHatchery‐reared Atlantic salmonSalmo salarsmolts produced from captive‐reared Dennys River and sea‐run Penobscot River broodstock are released into their source rivers in Maine. The adult return rate of Dennys smolts is comparatively low, and disparity in smolt quality between stocks resulting from genetic or broodstock rearing effects is plausible. Smolt behavior and physiology were assessed during sequential 14‐d trials conducted in seminatural annular tanks with circular flow. “Migratory urge” (downstream movement) was monitored remotely using passive integrated transponder tags, and gill Na+,K+‐ATPase activity was measured at the beginning and end of the trials to provide an index of smolt development. The migratory urge of both stocks was low in early April, increased 20‐fold through late May, and declined by the end of June. The frequency and seasonal distribution of downstream movement were independent of stock. In March and April, initial gill Na+,K+‐ATPase activities of Penobscot River smolts were lower than those of Dennys River smolts. For these trials, however, Penobscot River smolts increased enzyme activity after exposure to the tank, whereas Dennys River smolts did not, resulting in similar activities between stocks at the end of all trials. There was no clear relationship between migratory urge and gill Na+,K+‐ATPase activity. Gill Na+,K+‐ATPase activity of both stocks increased in advance of migratory urge and then declined while migratory urge was increasing. Maximum movement was observed from 2 h after sunset through 1 h after sunrise but varied seasonally. Dennys River smolts were slightly more nocturnal than Penobscot River smolts. These data suggest that Dennys and Penobscot River stocks are not markedly different in either physiological or behavioral expression of smolting.
Red Snapper Reproductive Biology in the Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Brulé Thierry , Colás‐Marrufo Teresa , Pérez‐Díaz Esperanza , Sámano‐Zapata Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSex ratio, size at maturity, reproductive periodicity, ovarian development pattern, and spawning ground data for red snapper Lutjanus campechanus from the southern Gulf of Mexico were analyzed to understand this species' reproductive biology throughout its geographical distribution. Red snapper were sampled in 1999 and 2000 from commercial fishery catches taken on Campeche Bank at depths ranging from 43 to 130 m. Overall sex ratio (male: female) and sex ratios by size‐class did not differ significantly from a 1:1 ratio. First maturity was at a slightly smaller size in males (24.2 cm total length [TL]) than in females (28.3 cm TL), and maximum length percentages at first maturity were 28% for males and 34% for females. The length at which maturity was attained in 50% of females (L50) was 31.4 cm TL. The Campeche Bank red snapper stock had a protracted spawning period from February to November, with a spawning peak occurring in early fall. Vitellogenic oocytes were continually recruited from previtellogenic oocytes during the entire spawning season, with no gap between each oocyte development stage. This means that red snapper ovaries are asynchronous and that the species can be considered a heterochronal (batch) spawner with indeterminate annual fecundity. Females in spawning condition were collected from both the northeastern and northwestern areas of Campeche Bank, near submerged or emergent coral reef structures, and at depths between 48 and 117 m. These results generally agreed with those for red snapper stocks in others regions of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean off the southeastern United States. However, reproductive periodicity in the Campeche Bank red snapper stock apparently displayed more of an insular pattern of extended spawning in comparison with the typical continental pattern of restricted spawning reported for other regions. The latitudinal differences observed in red snapper spawning seasons could also reflect a latitudinal gradient in the intensity of seasonal environmental constraints.
Environmental and Endogenous Factors Influencing Emigration in Juvenile Anadromous Alewives
Authors: Gahagan Benjamin I. , Gherard Katie E. , Schultz Eric T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe analyzed migration of juvenile anadromous alewivesAlosa pseudoharengusat Bride Lake, a coastal lake in Connecticut, during summer 2006 and found that migration on 24‐h and seasonal time scales was influenced by conditions of the environment and characteristics of the individual fish. To identify environmental cues of juvenile migration, we continuously video‐recorded fish at the lake outflow and employed information‐theoretic model selection to identify the best predictors of daily migration rate. More than 80% of the approximately 320,000 juvenile alewives that migrated from mid‐June to mid‐August departed in three pulses lasting 1 or 2 d. Pulses of migration were associated with precipitation events, transient decreases in water temperature, and transient increases in stream discharge. Diel timing of migration shifted over the summer. Early in the season, most migration occurred around dawn; late in the season, migration occurred at night. To identify individual characteristics associated with migratory behavior, we compared migrating juveniles collected as they were exiting Bride Lake with nonmigrating juveniles collected from the center of the lake. Migrants were a nonrandom subset of the population; they were on average 1–12 mm larger, were 2–14 d older, had grown more rapidly (11% greater length at age), and were in better condition (14% greater mass at length) than nonmigrant fish. We infer that the amount of accumulated energy has a positive effect on the net benefit of migration at any time in the migratory season.
Age, Growth, Mortality, and Diet Composition of Vermilion Snapper from the North‐Central Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Johnson Matthew W. , Powers Sean P. , Hightower Crystal L. , Kenworthy Matthew 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe vermilion snapperRhomboplites aurorubenssupports a highly managed and important reef fishery and can exhibit regional variations in growth, but little is known about what constitutes the diet of this species in the Gulf of Mexico. We examined age, growth, mortality, and diet composition of vermilion snapper from the recreational fishery in the north‐central Gulf of Mexico. Age and growth showed that the oldest fish collected was 20 years old; however, there was large variability in length‐at‐age data for most ages. Although there was little interannual variation in growth, males grew more slowly than females. The sex ratio was 1.3:1 (females: males) for fish less than age 9 but was 7:1 for fish of age 9 and older. Diet composition included 30 different taxonomic groups and was similar to diet compositions described for other lutjanids that inhabit reef structure in the Gulf of Mexico. The incidence of reef‐specific prey items was greater than that for other sympatric species and included large quantities of amphipods and tunicates. These results suggest that vermilion snapper may have more diverse feeding characteristics than previously reported and highlight a direct dependence of Gulf of Mexico vermilion snapper on prey items that inhabit reef structures.
Relative Abundance, Growth, and Mortality of Five Age‐0 Estuarine Fishes in Relation to Discharge of the Suwannee River, Florida
Authors: Purtlebaugh Caleb H. , Allen Micheal S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUnderstanding the relationships between river discharge and recruitment of estuarine fishes is important because of hydrological alterations caused by anthropogenic water withdrawals. Varying river discharge alters salinity, turbidity, nutrient levels, and detrital concentrations, all of which affect estuarine biota. The lower Suwannee River, Florida, is one of the few remaining large‐river systems in the United States that has no major impoundments. We assessed the relationship between seasonal river discharge and relative abundance, growth, and mortality of estuary‐dependent age‐0 fish of five species in the Suwannee River estuary. We analyzed 9 years of data (1997–2005) collected as part of a long‐term, fishery‐independent monitoring program. The results showed a positive relationship between relative abundance and river discharge for age‐0 spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus, sand seatrout C. arenarius, and red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. The pinfish Lagodon rhomboides was the only species for which relative abundance was negatively related to river discharge; the relative abundance of spot Leiostomus xanthurus was not significantly related to changes in discharge. Instantaneous daily growth (G) estimates were positively related to river discharge for all species except spotted seatrout, for which a negative correlation was found. Instantaneous daily mortality (Z) estimates were positively correlated with river discharge for sand seatrout, pinfish, and red drum. The G: Z ratios for pinfish and early recruiting sand seatrout were negatively related to river discharge, indicating that recruitment potential declined with higher discharge. Changes in freshwater discharge affected the abundance, growth, and survival of these juvenile fishes, stressing the importance of water allocation decisions that affect estuarine fishes and the fisheries they support.
Corporate Social Responsibility Related to Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industry- Case Study: Assaluyeh, Iran
Authors: Azin Reza , Mosleh Abdolmajid 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Super Giant Largest Gas Field in the world, South Pars, is located in the Persian Gulf Waters between Iran and Qatar offshore. The E&P activities started in 1998 are based on Assaluyeh, the nearest area on the northern Persian Gulf coast to the South Pars Gas Field. In addition, there are already 5 Petrochemical Complexes in the area, which will increase to 25 complexes according to official government reports. These activities and complexes have converted Assaluyeh, a previously rural, undeveloped area into an industrial zone, which contributes more than 40% of Iran's Natural Gas Capacity, and is expected to raise its share to more than 50% in the near future. Despite many efforts done by the government to develop and extend infrastructures, the Assaluyeh district is faced with such issues related to sustainable development and social responsibility as severe environmental pollution, lack of education and health facilities for indigenous people, migration, unemployment, drug abuse, etc. The impact of industrial activities and air/water pollution on the archaeological area, Siraf, and sensitive mangrove area in the Nayband protected Bay are other issues to be addressed.This paper analyses the current strategy of CSR programs and budget distribution approach in the problem definition, approval, implementation, and supervision. A number of parameters which affect the effectiveness of CSR projects in Assaluyeh are also presented and discussed.
Effect of THPS on Discharge Water Quality: A Lessons Learned Study
Authors: Annadorai Karthik , Darwin Adam 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Biocides typically have an adverse impact on overboard water. THPS (tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate), one of the most commonly used biocides offshore has a similar effect on produced water. The effect of THPS on seawater used for hydrotesting and bulk storage is seldom studied and rarely documented. The effect of temperature, pH, water depth, dissolved oxygen concentration and various ions in the system is important to note. Once a certain volume of water is treated with any chemical, it is now deemed to be chemically treated seawater which cannot be discharged unless verified using the NOEC (No Observable Effect Concentration) testing method.
This experience will provide a detailed understanding of the discharge of chemically treated seawater as well as the interaction of THPS with potential ions in the matrix. Additionally, regular sampling and associated analyses will be presented that demonstrate the degradation and half-life of the THPS molecule in varying temperatures.
Periodic sampling of the THPS chemical in the seawater has provided a detailed understanding of the half-life degradation of the chemical. The interaction of the chemical with the cations present in the system and subsequent aversion to the neutralization reaction with hydrogen peroxide has also been studied and presented.