bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of the structures, conformations, and spectroscopic properties of 2‐formylthiophene‐N‐acetylhydrazone and 2‐thiophenecarboxaldehyde‐2‐thienylhydrazone
Authors: Rhyman L. , Abdallah Hassan H. , Ramasami P. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract2‐Formylthiophene‐N‐acetylhydrazone (Hait) and 2‐thiophenecarboxaldehyde‐2‐thienylhydrazone (Htit) in the cis and trans conformations were investigated in the gas‐phase by density functional method using B3LYP as the functional set and 6‐311++G(d,p) as the basis set. The cis and trans structures were fully optimized in the C1 and Cs symmetries. Transition states were also modeled for the cis–trans isomerization of the title compounds and the barriers to internal rotation were calculated. This work reports the structural, energetics, and spectroscopic parameters of all the optimized geometries. Some of the structural parameters are in good agreement with experimental literature data. The computed parameters for these compounds are also in good agreement with a related molecule, namely, acetohydrazide. For both Hait and Htit, the trans conformers are more stable than the cis conformers and the energy barriers are larger compared with the energy differences between the cis and trans conformers. This accounts for Hait and Htit existing mostly in the trans conformation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:144–150, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20526
Rapid, efficient, and room temperature synthesis of nitrones in excellent yields over MgO under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Valizadeh Hassan , Dinparast Leila 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA large variety of C‐aryl and C‐alkyl nitrones were synthesized within 0.5–15 min via the condensation of aldehydes with N‐(methyl, phenyl, or t‐butyl)hydroxylamines over MgO by hand‐grinding with an agate mortar. These reactions were investigated under different conditions and over different solid supports including basic alumina, montemorillonite, MgO, and molecular sieves (pore size 3 Å). In the more interesting cases, nitrones were prepared over MgO without heating and any catalyst. In this procedure, nitrones were prepared in a very short time, excellent yields, and good purity without using harmful solvents in the workup. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:177–181, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20527
Convenient synthesis of chlorohydrins from epoxides using zinc oxide: Application to 5,6‐epoxysitosterol
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Saeidian Hamdollah , Mirjafary Zohreh , Javan Marjan Jebeli , Farimani Mehdi Moridi , Seirafi Marjan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEfficient synthesis of protected and unprotected chlorohydrins has been achieved by ring opening of epoxides with acetyl/benzoyl chloride and TMSCl using a catalytic amount of ZnO as a reusable catalyst. The applicability of ZnO is further extended by performing the cleavage of the natural product 5,6‐epoxysitosterol with acetyl chloride. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:157–163, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20529
Synthesis of α‐phosphonylated phosphonium and sulfonium ylides: Study of their thermal behavior
Authors: Sene Aboubacary , Masson Serge , Vazeux Michel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe additions of two equivalents of trialkylphosphites onto phosphonodithioformates produce stabilized α‐sulfanyl‐α‐phosphonyl phosphonium ylides. Their subsequent reaction with alkyl or benzyl halides gives stabilized sulfonium ylides. Thermal treatment of these phosphonium and sulfonium ylides leads to α‐sulfanyl methylene bis‐phosphonates through protonation–dealkylation intramolecular reactions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:164–171, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20530
No reduction in complication rate by stay in the intensive care unit for patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer and microvascular reconstruction
Authors: Nkenke Emeka , Vairaktaris Elefterios , Stelzle Florian , Neukam Friedrich W. , St. Pierre Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground.The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether an immediate postoperative period of deep sedation and artificial respiration in an intensive care unit (ICU) leads to fewer complications and a reduced failure rate of microvascular flaps compared with a situation in which patients are allowed to breathe spontaneously without sedation in a recovery room.Methods.Each group comprised 50 patients. General medical complications and flap donor and recipient site complications were documented.Results.Significantly, more patients had problems with weaning from ventilation in the ICU group (p = .022). More cases of respiratory insufficiency (p = .240) and pneumonia (p = .081) occurred in the ICU group compared with the recovery room group without statistically significant differences. The number of flaps lost was comparable in both groups (p = .646).Conclusions.Admission to an ICU did not reduce complications after microvascular reconstruction and, therefore, has only to be considered for selected cases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
‘By papers and pens, you can only do so much’: views about accountability and human resource management from Indian government health administrators and workers
Authors: George Asha 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough accountability drives in the Indian health sector sporadically highlight egregious behaviour of individual health providers, accountability needs to be understood more broadly. From a managerial perspective, while accountability functions as a control mechanism that involves reviews and sanctions, it also has a constructive side that encourages learning from errors and discretion to support innovation. This points to social relationships: how formal rules and hierarchies combine with informal norms and processes and more fundamentally how power relations are negotiated. Drawing from this conceptual background and based on qualitative research, this article analyses the views of government primary health care administrators and workers from Koppal district, northern Karnataka, India. In particular, the article details how these actors view two management functions concerned with internal accountability: supervision and disciplinary action. A number of disjunctures are revealed. Although extensive information systems exist, they do not guide responsiveness or planning. While supportive supervision efforts are acknowledged and practiced, implicit quid‐pro‐quo bargains that justify poor service delivery performance are more prevalent. Despite the enactment of numerous disciplinary measures, little discipline is observed. These disjunctures reflect nuanced and layered relationships between health administrators and workers, as well as how power is negotiated through corruption and elected representatives within the broader political economy context of health systems in northern Karnataka, India. These various dimensions of accountability need to be addressed if it is to be used more equitably and effectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between wage growth and wage levels
Authors: Gladden Tricia , Taber Christopher 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe estimate the covariance between the permanent component of wages and a random coefficient on experience in models both with potential experience and with actual experience. Actual experience is allowed to be arbitrarily correlated with both the permanent component of wages and the random component on experience. We find no evidence that workers of higher ability experience faster wage growth. Our point estimates suggest that a worker with a one standard deviation higher level of permanent ability would have a return to annual potential experience that is 0.61 of a percentage point lower. The analogous point estimate for actual experience is 0.87 of a point lower. Contrary to the popular perception, wage growth among low‐skill workers appears to be at least as high as that for a medium‐skilled worker. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 4th dimension and adult stem cells: Can timing be everything?
Authors: Gimble Jeffrey M. , Floyd Z. Elizabeth , Bunnell Bruce A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe rotation of the earth on its axis influences the physiology of all organisms. A highly conserved set of genes encoding the core circadian regulatory proteins (CCRP) has evolved across species. The CCRP acts through transcriptional and post‐transcriptional mechanisms to direct the oscillatory expression of genes essential for key metabolic events. In addition to the light:dark cycle, the CCRP expression can be entrained by changes in feeding and physical activity patterns. While mammalian CCRP were originally associated with the central clock located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, there is a growing body of evidence documenting the presence of the CCRP in peripheral tissues. It is now evident that the CCRP play a role in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and function of adult stem cells in multiple organs. This concise review highlights findings concerning the role of the CCRP in modulating the adult stem cell activities. Although the manuscript focuses on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) and cancer stem cells, it is likely that the contribution of the CCRP merits consideration and evaluation in all stem cell pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 569–578, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
If we build it, they might come: an empirical investigation of supply and demand in the recruitment of rural psychologists
Authors: Jameson John Paul , Blank Michael B. , Chambless Dianne L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPast research has established that practicing doctoral level psychologists tend to cluster in metropolitan areas, leaving the rural population gravely underserved. Discussions of this problem have assumed that psychologists hold negative attitudes toward rural work for many reasons, leading to a supply shortage. The present study attempts to examine the accuracy of this hypothesis by examining attitudes of current doctoral students in clinical psychology. Eight hundred eighty‐four students responded to an online survey. Results indicate that attitudes toward rural practice were not overwhelmingly negative as predicted. Additionally, a significant number of respondents endorsed positive attitudes toward rural practice. A follow‐up study was conducted to determine if the shortage of rural psychologists might be attributed to a lack of demand from rural employers. A search of three popular job resources revealed that few rural jobs were advertised, indicating weak demand for psychologists in rural areas. Results indicate that efforts to recruit psychologists to rural areas should be rethought, and increasing the visibility of available opportunities for psychologists should be made a priority. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–13, 2009.
Relationship of p21‐activated kinase (PAK) and filopodia to persistence and oncogenic transformation
Authors: Heckman Carol A. , Demuth John G. , Deters Donald , Malwade Santosh R. , Cayer Marilyn L. , Monfries Clinton , Mamais Adamantios 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPreviously, we found that oncogenically transformed cells had fewer filopodia and more large, p21‐activated kinase (PAK)‐dependent features than normal cells. These large protrusions (LPs) were increased in cells expressing RhoAN19 with Cdc42‐associated kinase (ACK). Here, we determine how GTPase‐mediated mechanisms of focal contact (FC) regulation affect these protrusions. Constructs encoding various proteins were introduced into cells which were then studied by microscopy and computerized image processing and analysis. Constructs that prevented PAK recruitment by PAK‐interacting exchange factor (PIX) or restricted PAK residence time on FCs decreased both protrusions. Thus, filopodia were also PAK‐dependent. A comparison of FC distribution in cells expressing PAK in the presence or absence of PAK kinase inhibitor domain (KID) suggested that PAK enlarged FCs without affecting the prevalence of either protrusion. KID or Nck expression increased LPs but not filopodia. Nck failed to synergize with KID or ACK and RhoAN19 in enhancing LPs. Nck and KID synergistically enhanced filopodia, possibly because Nck recruited PAK to FCs while KID prevented their dissociation by PAK‐mediated autophosphorylation. Coexpression of Nck, ACK, and RhoAN19 abrogated filopodia and replicated the transformed phenotype. Since Nck recruitment of PAK is implicated in persistence of directional movement, we studied the PAK–Nck interface. Filopodia were eliminated by the Nck PAK‐binding domain and LPs by the PAK Nck‐binding domain. The results suggested that filopodia formation has more stringent requirements than LP formation, and Nck and PAK are used differently in the protrusions. Loss of filopodia in transformed cells may reflect defective regulation of GTPase mechanisms. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 576–585, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intra‐articular gene delivery and expression of interleukin‐1Ra mediated by self‐complementary adeno‐associated virus
Authors: Kay Jesse D. , Gouze Elvire , Oligino Thomas J. , Gouze Jean‐Noel , Watson Rachael S. , Levings Padraic P. , Bush Marsha L. , Dacanay Anthony , Nickerson David M. , Robbins Paul D. , Evans Christopher H. , Ghivizzani Steven C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe adeno‐associated virus (AAV) has many safety features that favor its use in the treatment of arthritic conditions; however, the conventional, single‐stranded vector is inefficient for gene delivery to fibroblastic cells that primarily populate articular tissues. This has been attributed to the inability of these cells to convert the vector to a double‐stranded form. To overcome this, we evaluated double‐stranded self‐complementary (sc) AAV as a vehicle for intra‐articular gene delivery.MethodsConventional and scAAV vectors were used to infect lapine articular fibroblasts in culture to determine transduction efficiency, transgene expression levels, and nuclear trafficking. scAAV containing the cDNA for interleukin (IL)‐1 receptor antagonist (Ra) was delivered to the joints of naïve rabbits and those with IL‐1β‐induced arthritis. From lavage of the joint space, levels of transgenic expression and persistence were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Infiltrating leukocytes were quantified using a hemocytometer.ResultsTransgene expression from scAAV had an earlier onset and was approximately 25‐fold greater than conventional AAV despite the presence of similar numbers of viral genomes in the nuclei of infected cells. Fibroblasts transduced with scAAV produced amounts of IL1‐Ra comparable to those transduced with adenoviral and lentiviral vectors. IL1‐Ra was present in lavage fluid of most animals for 2 weeks in sufficient quantities to inhibit inflammation of the IL‐1β‐driven model. Once lost, neither subsequent inflammatory events, nor re‐administration of the virus could re‐establish transgene expression.ConclusionsscAAV‐mediated intra‐articular gene transfer is robust and similarly efficient in both normal and inflamed joints; the resulting transgenic expression is sufficient to achieve biological relevance in joints of human proportion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA, oligosaccharides, and mononucleotides stimulate oligomerization of human lactoferrin
Authors: Nevinskii Alexander G. , Soboleva Svetlana E. , Tuzikov Fedor V. , Buneva Valentina N. , Nevinsky Georgy A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUsing small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), light scattering (LS), and soft laser ablation we have shown that lactoferrin (LF) in solution at neutral pH is oligomerized in the absence of salt or at physiological salt concentrations. The level of oligomerization depends on the concentration of LF, KCl or NaCl, and on the duration of the protein storage in solution. At the concentrations comparable with those in human milk (1 ÷ 6 mg/ml), the average radius of gyration (Rg) values of LF can attain 400 ÷ 480 Å´, while fresh solution of previously lyophylized LF demonstrate a lower average Rg (50 ÷ 100 Å´), and Rg value characterizing the LF monomer formed at 1 M NaCl is 26.7 Å´. The addition of oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides, or mononucleotides to LF in the presence or in the absence of KCl with different level of initial oligomerization accelerates the oligomerization rate and increases the Rg values up to ∼600 ÷ 700 Å´, which correspond to associates containing ten or more protein molecules. During gel filtration on Sepharose 4B, high‐degree LF oligomers dissociate nearly completely forming different degraded complexes, but in some cases it is possible to reveal small amount of a decamer. A possible role for oligomerization of LF, a highly polyfunctional protein, for its different biological activities is discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flavonoid–matrix cluster ions in MALDI mass spectrometry
Authors: Madeira Paulo J. Amorim , Florêncio M. Helena 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe behaviour of 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5‐DHB) matrix under matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) conditions was investigated, and the formation of 2,5‐DHB cluster ions, mainly dehydrated 2,5‐DHB ions, is reported. Interestingly, in the mass spectra of this compound, besides dimers and trimers, protonated tetramers, pentamers, hexamers and heptamers were also found with significant abundance.The MALDI behaviour of four flavonoids, quercetin, myricetin, luteolin and kaempferol, using 2,5‐DHB as matrix, was also investigated. The mass spectra of the flavonoids studied revealed a number of flavonoid–2,5‐DHB cluster ions (mainly with the dehydrated 2,5‐DHB). The number of clusters formed is dependent on the structure of the analyte. For luteolin and kaempferol, in particular, evidence was found for the formation of cluster ions involving retro Diels Alder fragments and intact flavonoids molecules, as well as the corresponding protonated retro Diels Alder fragments with dehydrated DHB molecules. All ion compositions were attributed taking into account high accuracy mass measurements and tandem mass spectrometry experiments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified adult measles in outbreaks in Japan, 2007–2008
Authors: Nagai Makoto , Xin Ji Yi , Yoshida Naoko , Miyata Akiko , Fujino Motoko , Ihara Toshiaki , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Asano Yoshizo , Nakayama Tetsuo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDifferent genotypes of C1, D3, D5, and H1 were isolated in outbreaks of 1984, 1987–1988, 1991–1993, and 2001, respectively, when the previous circulating genotype was replaced successively by a new genotype, through molecular studies of measles since 1984 in Japan. In March 2007, several patients with measles were observed in outpatient clinics, who were all young adolescents in high school and university students. The outbreak expanded subsequently throughout Japanese districts in May and is still ongoing in 2008. Reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) was used to detect the measles genome from 18 clinical samples obtained from patients suspected of modified measles infection with a very mild febrile illness. The measles genome was detected in nine patients by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and in 12 patients by RT‐LAMP. Six measles strains were isolated in the 2007–2008 outbreak and identified as the D5 genotype (MVi/Bangkok.THA/93 type) different from the D5 sub‐cluster (MVi/Palau.BLA/93 type) isolated in 1990–2005. Similar Bangkok type D5 strains were isolated in Phnom Penh in 2002 and in Taiwan in 2003, suggesting that the D5 strains might have been introduced via South East Asia, rather than resulting from the accumulation of mutations in the D5 strains of 1990–2005. One D9 strain was isolated from a sporadic case in Aichi in 2006. There was no difference in the antigenicity of the D9 and D5 strains in comparison with the vaccine strain. Infrastructure of systematic laboratory‐based surveillance system should be established in order to confirm measles virus infection in Japan. J. Med. Virol. 81:1094–1101, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surveillance of pathogens in outpatients with gastroenteritis and characterization of sapovirus strains between 2002 and 2007 in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Harada Seiya , Okada Mineyuki , Yahiro Shunsuke , Nishimura Koichi , Matsuo Shigeru , Miyasaka Jiro , Nakashima Ryuichi , Shimada Yasushi , Ueno Takehiko , Ikezawa Shigeru , Shinozaki Kuniko , Katayama Kazuhiko , Wakita Takaji , Takeda Naokazu , Oka Tomoichiro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInfectious acute gastroenteritis is an important public health problem worldwide. A total of 639 stool specimens were tested for the presence of diarrhea pathogens. The specimens were from outpatients with acute gastroenteritis who consulted the pediatric clinic in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, from June 2002 to December 2007. Of these, 421 (65.9%) were positive for diarrhea pathogens. Among them were norovirus (NoV) in 260 (61.8%), sapovirus (SaV) in 81 (19.2%), rotavirus in 49 (11.6%), adenovirus in 19 (4.5%), enterovirus in 13 (3.1%), astrovirus in 9 (2.1%), kobuvirus in 1 (0.2%), and bacterial pathogens in 11 (2.6%). Mixed infection (co‐infection of viruses) was found in 22 (5.2%) of the 421 pathogen‐positive stool samples. NoV was the most prevalent pathogen throughout the study period; however, the SaV detection rate was unexpectedly high and was found to be the secondary pathogen from 2005 to 2007. Genetic analysis of SaV with 81 strains demonstrated that SaV strains belonging to genogroup IV emerged in 2007, and dynamic genogroup changes occurred in a restricted geographic area. This study showed that SaV infection is not as rare as thought previously. J. Med. Virol. 81:1117–1127, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis E in Qatar imported by expatriate workers from Nepal: Epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations
Authors: Ibrahim Abdulsalam Saif , Alkhal Abdulatif , Jacob Joyal , Ghadban Wisam , Almarri Ajayeb 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPrompted by cases of acute hepatitis in expatriate workers presenting at Alkhor Hospital, Qatar, a limited prospective observational study was conducted from July 2005 to June 2006 to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of patients (predominantly Nepalese) presenting with acute hepatitis. Countrywide during that period samples from 86 Nepalese presenting at different centers were found to be anti‐HEV IgG positive and 50 of these were also positive for anti‐HEV IgM. Fifty‐eight of those Nepalese were seen and treated at Alkhor Hospital and of them 43 were confirmed as cases of acute HEV, being positive for both anti‐HEV IgM and IgG. The remaining 15 were diagnosed as probable cases of acute HEV on the basis of clinical and epidemiological similarity. It seems likely that transit in Kathmandu in reportedly unsanitary conditions was the focus of infection. In some of those examined at Alkhor, ultrasound detected a thickened gallbladder wall in 30 of 39 (76.9%) with two cases having clinical acalcular cholecystitis. Higher levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were associated with severe disease and derangement in coagulation. On the available evidence hepatitis E was imported by expatriate workers and it is clear that medical screening of these workers pre‐ and post‐arrival must be improved to prevent further outbreaks. It is also essential that health care workers in Qatar are made aware of this ongoing problem of imported HEV and understand the variable presentation of the condition. J. Med. Virol. 81:1047–1051, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.