bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF NAPROXEN, A NON‐SELECTIVE CYCLO‐OXYGENASE INHIBITOR, ON PENTYLENETETRAZOL‐INDUCED KINDLING IN MICE
Authors: Dhir Ashish , Naidu Pattipati S , Kulkarni Shrinivas K 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARY1. Epilepsy is one of the major neurological disorders of the brain, affecting approximately 0.5–1.0% of the population worldwide. Various neurotransmitter abnormalities, especially of GABA and glutamate, have been reported to play a key role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy.2. Cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the production of prostaglandins and, as such, is a key target for many anti‐inflammatory drugs. Cyclo‐oxygenase has been reported to play a significant role in neurodegeneration. Recent studies have reported that COX plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy.3. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible role of COX and the effect of COX inhibitors in epilepsy.4. Kindling is a chronic model of epilepsy. In the present study, kindling was induced in mice by chronic administration of a subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 40 mg/kg) on every other day for a period of 15 days. Naproxen was administered daily 45 min before PTZ or vehicle. The kindling score was recorded after PTZ administration. Seizure severity was measured according to a prevalidated scoring scale. Biochemical estimations were performed immediately after recording behavioural parameters on the 16th day of PTZ treatment.5. Chronic treatment with PTZ significantly induced kindling in mice. Pretreatment with the non‐selective COX inhibitor naproxen (7 and 14 mg/kg, i.p.) showed significant protection against PTZ‐induced kindling in mice. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic treatment with PTZ significantly increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels (NO levels), but decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in brain homogenates.6. In conclusion, the results of the present study strongly suggest that COX plays an important role in the pathophysiology of PTZ‐induced kindling in mice and that COX inhibitors could be a useful neuroprotective strategy for the treatment of epilepsy.
ALTERATION OF FEXOFENADINE DISPOSITION IN THE RAT ISOLATED PERFUSED LIVER FOLLOWING INJECTION OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: Tong Yen , Zhang Ruhong , Ngo Suong NT , Davey Andrew K 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARY

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the disposition of an organic anion transporting polypeptide and P‐glycoprotein substrate in the rat isolated perfused liver.
Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Three of the groups received 1, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg, i.p., Escherichia coli LPS in sterile saline. The fourth group received an equivalent volume of sterile saline i.p. Twenty‐four hours after treatment, rats were anaesthetized and the liver isolated and perfused with fexofenadine at an initial concentration of 2000 ng/mL in a recirculating system. Perfusate and bile samples were collected for 60 min and the liver was collected at the end of the perfusion. Fexofenadine concentrations were determined by HPLC. Fexofenadine pharmacokinetic parameters, the final liver : perfusate (L : P) and bile : liver (B : L) concentration ratios were determined.
Injection of LPS changed the hepatic disposition of fexofenadine. The changes were most marked in the 5 mg/kg LPS group. Notably, clearance from the perfusate (CL) and into the bile (CLB; 5.9 ± 0.6 and 1.24 ± 0.20 mL/min, respectively), L : P (44 ± 11) and B : L (17 ± 2) were all reduced (P < 0.05) in this group compared with control (CL 10.0 ± 1.1 mL/min; CLB 2.7 ± 0.5 mL/min; L : P 87 ± 14; and B : L 30 ± 4).
In conclusion CL and CLB were reduced following treatment with LPS in a manner consistent with downregulation of both canalicular and sinusoidal transport.
UPREGULATION OF ANGIOTENSIN AT1 RECEPTOR AND INTRACELLULAR KINASE GENE EXPRESSION IN HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Reja Valin , Goodchild Ann K , Phillips Jacqueline K , Pilowsky Paul M 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARY

Activation of angiotensin II AT1 receptors (AT1R) stimulates catecholamine systems within both central and peripheral tissues that are associated with blood pressure control. In the present study, we sought to determine whether the hypertensive phenotype of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is associated with changes in AT1R gene expression and whether gene expression of downstream signalling molecules was coupled to catecholamine gene expression, both in key brainstem nuclei and in peripheral sites implicated in cardiovascular control.
Gene expression levels of AT1R, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) were quantified in Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR. Messenger RNA expression levels were quantified using real time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. In addition, we investigated whether there was a relationship between gene expression and systolic blood pressure.
The gene expression levels of AT1R, ERK2 and PI3‐K were significantly higher in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (4.12‐, 1.40‐ and 1.38‐fold, respectively), rostral ventrolateral medulla (2.71‐, 1.33‐ and 2.73‐fold, respectively), spinal cord (30.5‐, 2.72‐ and 1.53‐fold, respectively), adrenal medulla (1.68‐, 1.55‐ and 1.76‐fold, respectively) and coeliac ganglion (1.39‐, 1.35‐ and 1.12‐fold, respectively) in SHR compared with WKY rats. There was no significant difference in the level of ERK1 gene expression between the two strains. The gene expression levels of AT1R and ERK2 were positively correlated with blood pressure in all central nervous tissues investigated in the SHR, but not in WKY rats. Gene expression levels of the AT1R in the coeliac ganglion and adrenal medulla were also positively correlated with increased systolic blood pressure.
The present data suggest that a defect in AT1R expression (that may further alter downstream signalling pathways) in the SHR may be responsible, at least in part, for the hypertensive phenotype.
HIGH‐FAT FEEDING REDUCES ENDOTHELIUM‐DEPENDENT VASODILATION IN RATS: DIFFERENTIAL MECHANISMS FOR SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS?
Authors: Song Guang‐Yao , Gao Yu , Di Yu‐Wei , Pan Li‐Li , Zhou Yu , Ye Ji‐Ming 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARY

Chronic feeding with a high‐fat diet can cause metabolic syndrome in rodents similar to humans, but the role of saturated versus unsaturated fats in vascular tension remains unclear.
The present study shows that rats on a diet rich in either saturated or unsaturated fat had higher blood pressure compared with chow‐fed rats (approximately 130 vs 100 mmHg, respectively), along with hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance. Compared with responses of phenylephrine‐preconstricted artery segments from chow‐fed rats, vasorelaxation of isolated renal arteries from high‐fat fed rats was reduced substantially (> 50%) in response to acetylcholine (0.01–10 µmol/L) and moderately to nitroprusside ( 1 µmol/L) at low concentrations. Acetylcholine‐induced vasorelaxation of arteries from high‐fat fed rats was also more sensitive to inhibition by the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine and methylene blue.
In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the production of NO and endothelin‐1 was significantly inhibited by unsaturated fatty acids. In comparison, saturated fatty acids stimulated endothelin‐1 production without altering NO production.
The data indicate that both saturated and unsaturated high‐fat feeding may result in an increase in blood pressure owing to reduced endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation in the arterial system. The impaired endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation induced by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids may involve different mechanisms.
MECHANISMS UNDERLYING NEBIVOLOL‐INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE ACTIVATION IN HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
Authors: Ladage Dennis , Brixius Klara , Hoyer Heike , Steingen Caroline , Wesseling Andreas , Malan Daniela , Bloch Wilhelm , Schwinger Robert HG 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYNebivolol (NEB) has been shown to be a selective blocker of β1‐adrenoceptors with additional vasodilating properties that are mediated, at least in part, by an endothelial‐dependent liberation of nitric oxide (NO). In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of NEB‐induced vasodilation.Immunohistochemical staining of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was performed in the absence and presence of NEB in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In addition, we measured the release of nitric oxide (NO) using diaminofluorescein. Metoprolol (MET) was used for comparison.Nebivolol, but not MET (each at 10 µmol/L), caused a time‐dependent increase in NO release from HUVEC, as demonstrated by an increase in DAF fluorescence at 0 versus 10 min (+234 ± 7 and 55 ± 22% basal, respectively). Blockade of β3‐adrenoceptors by SR 59230A (1 µmol/L) partially reduced the NEB‐induced increase in DAF fluorescence. Complete inhibition of NEB‐induced NO liberation was achieved by the simultaneous blockade of β3‐adrenoceptors and oestrogen receptors (with 1 µmol/L ICI 182,780).Application of NEB significantly increased eNOS translocation and serine 1177 phosphorylation of eNOS. However, NEB did not alter eNOS‐phosphorylation at threonine 495 and at serine 114.In conclusion, the endothelium‐dependent NO liberation induced by NEB is due to stimulation of β3‐adrenoceptors and oestrogen receptors and coincides with eNOS translocation and a phosphorylation at eNOS‐serine 1177. These characteristics of NEB may be beneficial not only when treating patients suffering from cardiovascular disease, but may also prevent further deterioration of endothelial dysfunction.
GROWTH INHIBITION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS BY ASPIRIN: INVOLVEMENT OF THE WNT/β‐CATENIN SIGNAL PATHWAY
Authors: Wang Yiner , Chen Xi , Zhu Weiquan , Zhang Hao , Hu Shengshou , Cong Xiangfeng 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARY

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is drawing increasing attention in cardiology. However, the effect of aspirin, an assistant medication used extensively in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, on MSC is not clear.
In the present study, we investigated the effect of aspirin on the growth of MSC in vitro and the underlying mechanism of its action.
The 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2 thiazoyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that 1, 5 and 10 mmol/L aspirin inhibited the growth of MSC by 18, 37 and 62%, respectively. DNA synthesis of MSC was inhibited by 25, 57 and 90% followoing treatment with 1, 5 and 10 mmol/L aspirin, respectively, as determined by the tritiated thymidine incorporation assay. No cytotoxicity was observed based on Trypan blue dye exclusion and cell morphological observations. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein level of phosphorylated β‐catenin increased, whereas that of cyclin D1 decreased, after treatment of MSC with aspirin. Cell cycle analysis showed that aspirin failed to significantly alter the proportion of cells in different stages of the cell cycle.
These observations indicate that aspirin inhibits MSC proliferation and that the downregulation of the wnt/β‐catenin signal pathway may be involved in the growth inhibition of MSC by aspirin.
Inverse expression of estrogen receptor‐β and nuclear factor‐κB in urinary bladder carcinogenesis
Authors: Kontos Stylianos , Kominea Athina , Melachrinou Maria , Balampani Eleni , Sotiropoulou‐Bonikou Georgia 
Published: September 2010

Objectives:  To investigate the expression of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and estrogen receptor‐β (ER‐β) signalling pathways in bladder urothelial carcinoma according to clinicopathological features, in order to elucidate their role during carcinogenesis.Methods:  Immunohistochemical methodology was carried out on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections from urinary bladder carcinomas of 140 patients (94 males and 46 females) who underwent transurethral resection of bladder neoplasms. Correlations between ER‐β and NF‐κB, and tumor grade and T‐stage were evaluated, along with demographic data, sex and age.Results:  A significant decrease in ER‐β expression in the nucleus of bladder cells during loss of cell differentiation (rs = −0.61, P‐value < 0.001, test of trend P‐value = 0.003) and in muscle invasive carcinomas (T2–T4; test of trend P‐value < 0.001) was found. p65 Subunit of NF‐κB was expressed in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of bladder epithelial cells. A strong positive association between tumor grade and nuclear expression of NF‐κB was shown. No correlation between NF‐κB, nuclear or cytoplasmic staining, with T‐stage was observed. An inverse correlation between ER‐β and nuclear p65 immunoreactivity was observed (rs = −0.45, P‐value < 0.001). There was no correlation with demographic data.Conclusions:  Our immunohistochemical study suggests the possible inverse regulation of NF‐κB and ER‐β transcription factor during bladder carcinogenesis. Selective ER‐β agonists and agents, inhibitors of NF‐κB, might represent a possible new treatment strategy for bladder urothelial tumors.
Bilateral exudative retinal detachment as the first sign of relapsing acute myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Wu Lihteh , Calderón Marcos , Hernández Gerardo , Marbis José , Ramírez Víctor 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBilateral exudative retinal detachment is rarely seen as an ocular manifestation of acute myelogenous leukaemia. Herein, a case is described where a trans‐scleral choroidal biopsy was used to diagnose relapsing acute myelogenous leukaemia when the rest of her systemic work‐up was negative.
Sensitivity and specificity of Heidelberg Retinal Tomography II parameters in detecting early and moderate glaucomatous damage: effect of disc size
Authors: Uysal Yusuf , Bayer Atilla , Erdurman Cüneyt , Kiliç Selim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To determine the efficacy of Heidelberg Retinal Tomography II (HRTII) parameters in differentiating normal eyes from eyes with early or moderate glaucomatous damage.Methods:  HRTII tests were performed on 70 eyes of 70 patients with early or moderate glaucomatous damage, and 70 eyes of 70 healthy subjects. HRTII stereometric parameters, global and sectorial rim area parameters were recorded. Sensitivity and specificity of each parameter were calculated. Cases were divided into three groups according to disc size as large, medium and small, and mean values of parameters in glaucoma and control groups were compared.Results:  Mean disc area was larger in the glaucoma group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups for all stereometric parameters, except height variation contour, mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and retinal nerve fibre layer cross‐sectional area stereometric parameters. There was also a significant difference between the groups for global, temporal, superior temporal and inferior temporal rim area parameters. In small discs, however, this difference disappeared in all parameters except temporal rim area and superior temporal rim area sectorial parameters. When all the cases were included, the quartet parameters having the highest specificity (80%) and sensitivity (74.3%) were cup volume, rim volume, cup shape measure and height variation contour parameters.Conclusion:  Some HRTII parameters have better sensitivity and specificity than the others. It is necessary to pay special attention in evaluating small discs.
Photodynamic treatment of a secondary vasoproliferative tumour associated with sector retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome type I
Authors: Osman Saatci A , Aylin Yaman , Gul Arıkan , Celikel Harika 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVasoproliferative tumours may be primary or secondary and present with severe exudation leading to marked visual loss. We describe a 47‐year‐old man with unilateral secondary vasoproliferative tumour associated with sector retinitis pigmentosa and Usher I syndrome who was successfully treated with a single session of photodynamic treatment. Standard treatment protocol was used except that the treatment duration was doubled. A year after the treatment, the angioma‐like tumour vanished and exudation was dramatically reduced. Photodynamic therapy seems to be a minimally invasive and safe technique in eyes with secondary vasoproliferative tumours.
Phaco‐microtrabeculectomy: technique and intraocular pressure control in comparison with microtrabeculectomy
Authors: Rotchford Alan P , Vernon Stephen A 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To describe a modified technique for combined cataract and glaucoma drainage surgery involving a small flap (micro) trabeculectomy combined with phaco‐emulsification (PMT). To assess the level of intraocular pressure (IOP) control achieved by this procedure in comparison with microtrabeculectomy (MT) alone.Methods:  In this retrospective controlled case series records were reviewed for 37 consecutive low‐risk patients undergoing PMT augmented with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and 37 low‐risk subjects undergoing MT with 5‐FU. IOP control was compared by survival analysis using IOP targets ≤21 mmHg and ≤16 mmHg at final follow up and with at least a 25% reduction from the preoperative pressure.Results:  Mean follow up was 41.7 months (range 19.0–72.0) in the PMT group and 43.5 months (range 18.0–66.0) in the MT group. A final IOP ≤ 21 mmHg and with at least a 25% reduction from the preoperative pressure was achieved in 91.9% patients undergoing PMT (70.3% on no glaucoma drops). IOP <= 16 mmHg and with at least a 25% reduction from the preoperative pressure was achieved in 67.6% (56.8% without drops). There were no significant differences in survival rates between PMT and MT for either IOP target. The mean final IOPs were 13.4 and 13.5 mmHg on a mean of 0.6 and 0.8 glaucoma drops in the PMT and MT groups, respectively. In the PMT final visual acuity improved by at least one Snellen line in 81.1% and was worse in a single eye.Conclusions:  IOP control following combined surgery by PMT is as good as following MT alone.
Detection of staphylococcus species by polymerase chain reaction in late‐onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery and posterior capsulotomy
Authors: Mochizuki Kiyofumi , Murase Hiroki , Sawada Akira , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report a case of late‐onset endophthalmitis that developed 5 years after an uneventful phacoemulsification with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Posterior capsulotomy was performed with by Nd:YAG laser 1 month after the cataract surgery. Polymerase chain reaction with agarose gel electrophoresis identified a Staphylococcus species in a sample from the aqueous humour. The endophthalmitis was responsive to medical therapy including antibiotic agents, and it resolved without any surgical intervention.
Early electroretinographic features of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Shinoda Kei , Rejdak Robert , Schuettauf Frank , Blatsios Georgios , Völker Michael , Tanimoto Naoyuki , Olcay Tatar , Gekeler Florian , Lehaci Cristina , Naskar Rita , Zagorski Zbigniew , Zrenner Eberhart 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  This study set out to document the early electrophysiological and immunohistochemical changes that occur in the retina of experimentally induced diabetic rats.Methods:  Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ). Electroretinogram readings were taken monthly under either short‐duration or long‐duration stimuli for up to 3 months after STZ. Oscillatory potentials (OP) and the amplitudes and implicit times of a‐ and b‐waves were analysed, and b‐wave amplitudes were analysed using a Naka–Rushton fit. Scotopic a‐waves were analysed with photoreceptor models, and Rmp3 (the maximum a‐wave amplitude) and S (sensitivity) were calculated. Three months after STZ injection, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein was performed on the retinas of the STZ‐treated rats and age‐matched controls.Results:  The implicit OP times were significantly longer in the diabetic rats as compared with the controls, and this difference was noted as early as 1 month following STZ treatment. Other electrophysiological parameters, such as OP amplitudes, a‐ and b‐wave amplitude as well as the implicit times, did not differ from controls at this stage. The sacrificed STZ‐treated rats also demonstrated marked enhancement of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity, suggesting that at least in experimentally induced diabetic retinopathy there is increased Müller cell reactivity.Conclusion:  The results of this study indicated that functional alterations in the retina develop rapidly after the onset of diabetes. Analysis of each electroretinogram component may be useful in further investigating the development mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy.
Favourable response to infliximab in a case of bilateral refractory Mooren's ulcer
Authors: Fontana Luigi , Parente Gabriella , Neri Piergiorgio , Reta Massimo , Tassinari Giorgio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA woman with progressive bilateral Mooren's ulcer developed recurrent corneal perforations and melting requiring tectonic grafts, despite conventional immunosuppressant therapy. Following treatment with infliximab, an anti‐tumour necrosis factor agent, the patient showed marked reduction in conjunctival inflammation and no further recurrence of corneal thinning and perforation during 2‐year follow up on maintaining treatment.
How significant is a family history of glaucoma? Experience from the Glaucoma Inheritance Study in Tasmania
Authors: Green Catherine M , Kearns Lisa S , Wu Johnny , Barbour Julie M , Wilkinson Robyn M , Ring Maree A , Craig Jamie E , Wong Tiffany L , Hewitt Alex W , Mackey David A 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To determine what proportion of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in Tasmania, Australia is familial.Methods:  Between 1994 and 1996 an audit of Tasmanian patients diagnosed with glaucoma was performed. Identified probands along with their family members were invited to participate. Family history of POAG was noted and pedigrees constructed. Each participant underwent a detailed examination, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy, optic disc assessment and visual field testing. Participants were classified as normal, suspect or POAG. Data from 467 participants in the Twins Eye Study in Tasmania (TEST) were used as a reference for the general population.Results:  Of 2062 participants examined, 1700 were classified as POAG. A total of 1014 participants (59.6%) belonged to families in which other members were affected (familial glaucoma). Six hundred and fifty‐six of these 1014 familial cases (64.8%) had a first‐degree relative affected. The number of affected members in the family groups varied from two to 29. Six hundred and eighty‐eight participants had no known family history of POAG (sporadic glaucoma). There were significantly more POAG patients with a family history of POAG compared to the TEST population (χ2 = 161.81, P < 0.0001), and for a person with POAG the odds ratio of having a positive family history was 4.1 (95% confidence interval: 3.2–5.2).Conclusion:  Approximately 60% of POAG in Tasmania is familial. This percentage is higher than most previous reports of familial glaucoma and emphasizes the importance of genetics in POAG, with major implications for screening and future research.