bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meals on wheels service: Knowledge and perceptions of health professionals and older adults
Authors: WILSON Amanda , DENNISON Kaye 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:  To investigate health professionals' and older adults' knowledge and perceptions of the meals on wheels service in Auckland, New Zealand.Methods:  Thirty‐eight health professionals participated in a survey on their knowledge and perceptions of the meals on wheels service. Sixty‐one older adults, with the majority between 66 and 75 participated in a questionnaire and 42 of those also completed focus groups to discuss their knowledge, perceptions and barriers to utilisation.Results:  Health professionals' knowledge of the service and their interpretation and information to clients varied widely. The majority of health professionals stated the current menu did not meet the cultural needs of older adults in South Auckland. Twenty‐one per cent of the older adults had never heard of meals on wheels. Poor knowledge associated strongly with non‐New Zealand Europeans. Thirty‐three per cent of older adults were familiar with the service and 45% reported they first heard about it from friends. Positive perceptions were the social contact with delivery and high nutritional value. Negative perceptions were the repetitive menu cycle and the similarity to unattractive hospital meals. The main barriers to using the service were lack of knowledge, feelings of embarrassment and loss of independence. Confusion over eligibility and having no choice available on the menu was a barrier especially for ethnic and religious groups.Conclusion:  Further research is needed to review if the New Zealand meals on wheels service is meeting the needs of the older adult population.
Social Mechanisms in the Establishment of the European Economic and Monetary Union
Authors: CERAMI ALFIO 
Published: June 2011

This article investigates the reasons, the transformative processes, and the social mechanisms involved in the establishment of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Contrary to commonly accepted theories used to explain institutional change, it argues that the establishment of the EMU has not simply been the product of historical paths, the rational choices of actors, or social construction of new economic ideas and preferences, but also it has been the product of self‐fulfilling prophecies that have facilitated and accelerated the process of institutional change. This article also discusses the role of context‐bounded rationality, embodied institutions, reflexivity, and double contingency.Este estudio investiga las razones, el proceso de transformación y los mecanismos sociales involucrados en la implementación de la unión monetaria y económica Europea (UME). Contrario a teorías comúnmente aceptadas para explicar cambios institucionales, en este artículo se argumenta que la creación de la UME no es simplemente el producto de un trayecto histórico, la elección racional de los actores, o la construcción social de nuevas ideas y preferencias económicas, sino también ha sido el producto de profecías autorrealizadas que han facilitado y acelerado el proceso de cambio institucional. Además, este artículo analiza el rol de la racionalidad limitada por el contexto, instituciones incorporadas, reflexividad y doble contingencia.
Bill Preference: The Continued Relevance of the Congressional Black Caucus
Authors: KING, JR. MARVIN P. 
Published: June 2011

How does the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) distinguish itself from the Democratic caucus? Will distinguishing itself lead to the CBC introducing legislation that is significantly different from the rest of the Democratic caucus? Will CBC members behave just as other Democrats with similar ideological temperaments? This article seeks to place the role of the contemporary CBC within the larger Democratic caucus. By tapping into bill introduction, I conclude that in most ways, the CBC is remarkably similar to the rest of the Democratic caucus, and in only small ways, is there a demonstrable difference. CBC representation ensures constituents an increased likelihood that their congressperson will introduce legislation related to the government but not in Civil Rights or Community Development. Thus, the value to liberal black voters in electing black representatives to Congress is largely in the liberal voting behavior of black representatives, not the value they bring to bill introduction.¿Qué distingue a la Cámara del Congreso Afroamericana (CCA) de la Cámara Demócrata? ¿Puede la autodistinción hecha por la (CCA) conducir a la introducción de legislaciones que son significativamente diferentes a aquellas de la Cámara Demócrata? ¿Acaso los miembros de la (CCA) se comportan de la misma manera que otros Demócratas con un temperamento ideológico similar? Este artículo busca ubicar el rol de la CCA actual dentro de la Cámara Demócrata. Analizando la introducción de proyectos de ley, concluyo que la CCA es notablemente similar al resto de la Cámara Demócrata, y solo en pequeños detalles hay una diferencia significativa. La representación a través de la CCA garantiza a los constituyentes una mayor probabilidad de que su congresista introducirá legislaciones relacionadas al gobierno, pero no sobre derechos civiles o desarrollo de la comunidad. Por lo tanto, para el electorado negro la importancia de elegir representantes negros para el Congreso es en gran medida en el liberalismo del comportamiento electoral de los representantes afroamericanos y no en su importancia para introducir proyectos de ley.
Single Cell Responses to Spatially Controlled Photosensitized Production of Extracellular Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Pedersen Brian W. , Sinks Louise E. , Breitenbach Thomas , Schack Nickolass B. , Vinogradov Sergei A. , Ogilby Peter R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe response of individual HeLa cells to extracellularly produced singlet oxygen was examined. The spatial domain of singlet oxygen production was controlled using the combination of a membrane‐impermeable Pd porphyrin‐dendrimer, which served as a photosensitizer, and a focused laser, which served to localize the sensitized production of singlet oxygen. Cells in close proximity to the domain of singlet oxygen production showed morphological changes commonly associated with necrotic cell death. The elapsed postirradiation “waiting period” before necrosis became apparent depended on: (1) the distance between the cell membrane and the domain irradiated, (2) the incident laser fluence and, as such, the initial concentration of singlet oxygen produced and (3) the lifetime of singlet oxygen. The data imply that singlet oxygen plays a key role in this process of light‐induced cell death. The approach of using extracellularly generated singlet oxygen to induce cell death can provide a solution to a problem that often limits mechanistic studies of intracellularly photosensitized cell death: it can be difficult to quantify the effective light dose, and hence singlet oxygen concentration, when using an intracellular photosensitizer.
Sun Protecting and Sun Exposing Behaviors: Testing Their Relationship Simultaneously with Indicators of Ultraviolet Exposure Among Adolescents
Authors: Williams Melinda , Caputi Peter , Jones Sandra C. , Iverson Don 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to build on existing understanding of adolescent sun‐related behavior by combining sun protecting and sun exposing behaviors and testing their relationship simultaneously with indicators of ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Data were collected for 692 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years. General linear modeling was undertaken to test the relationship of sun‐related behaviors with indicators of UV exposure. Overall, the combined sun protection and sun exposing behaviors accounted for 13.8% of the variance in the number of sunburns, 28.1% of the variance in current tan and 57.5% of the variance in desired tan, respectively. Results indicated that having a strong desire for a tan was significantly associated with spending time tanning, delaying the use of sun protection, wearing brief clothing and using no sun protection; whereas the number of sunburns was significantly associated with sunscreen use, avoiding peak hours and delaying sun protection. Current tan was significantly associated with wearing sunglasses, shade use and time spent tanning. In examining sun‐related behaviors among adolescents, consideration needs to be given to both sun exposing and sun protecting behaviors. This research has important implications for conceptualizing outcomes in programs designed to reduce UV exposure.
Sources, Characteristics and Effects of Mass Media Communication on Science: A Review of the Literature, Current Trends and Areas for Future Research
Authors: Schäfer Mike S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA significant amount of science coverage can be found nowadays in the mass media and is the main source of information about science for many. Accordingly, the relation between science and the media has been intensively analyzed within the social scientific community. It is difficult to keep track of this research, however, as a flurry of studies has been published on the issue. This article provides such an overview. First, it lays out the main theoretical models of science communication, that is, the ‘public understanding of science’ and the ‘mediatization’ model. Second, it describes existing empirical research. In this section, it demonstrates how science’s agenda‐building has improved, how science journalists working routines are described, how different scientific disciplines are presented in the mass media and what effects these media representations (might) have on the audience. Third, the article points out future fields of research.
Media/Crime/Millennium: Where Are We Now? A Reflective Review of Research and Theory Directions in the 21st Century
Authors: Brown Sheila 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper aims to provide a reflective – and selective – review of key developments in media and crime research and theory from the vantage point of the new century. Writing primarily as a criminologist, though with a background in sociological theory and research, information studies, and cultural analysis, I will seek to identify some of the turning points and questions that emerge from what is a recently rejuvenated and expanding field. For the last decade media/crime research has been able to draw on an exciting array of multi‐disciplinary sources of inspiration in a way that has not happened before, and suggests new – intellectually complex – challenges for future work.
‘My Name is Norval?’: The Revision of Character Names in John Home's Douglas
Authors: McGINLEY KEVIN J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractJohn Home's Douglas has often been analysed as providing an ahistorical and depoliticised image of Scottish culture. However, a look at the textual transformations that Douglas underwent as it was composed, staged and printed provides a stronger focus on the material contexts of the play's textual production. Examining changes that Home made to character names and possible motivations for these changes enables one to perceive how the text of Douglas is closely bound up with the material circumstances in which it is produced, in response to concerns over its reception by different interest groups in different social and cultural contexts.
A New Darwinopterid Pterosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Western Liaoning, Northeastern China and its Ecological Implications
Authors: LÜ Junchang , XU Li , CHANG Huali , ZHANG Xingliao 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:A new species of Darwinopterus, D. robustodens sp. nov. is described and named. Based on the new specimen, the diagnostic characters of Darwinopterus are amended and include: rostral dentition composed of well‐spaced, spike‐like teeth; the longest teeth are confined to the anterior half of the tooth row; tooth alveoli have raised margins; nasoantorbital fenestra confluent; inclined quadrate; elongate cervical vertebrae with low neural spine and reduced or absent ribs; long tail of more than 20 caudals partially enclosed by filiform extensions of the pre‐ and postzygapophyses; short metacarpus less than 60 per cent length of humerus, fifth toe with two elongate phalanges and curved second pedal phalanx of the fifth toe with the angle between the proximal and distal segments about 130 degrees. The complete specimen of the new pterosaur D. robustodens sp. nov. provides much more osteological information. The differences in tooth morphologies between Darwinopterus modularis and D. robustodens sp. nov. suggest that they filled different ecological niches. The hard integument‐bearing Coleoptera may have been the main food source of Darwinopterus robustodens.
Sumixam maximus gen. and sp. nov., a New Pennsylvanian Species of Archaeorthoptera (Neoptera; Indiana, USA)
Authors: BÉTHOUX Olivier , GROSSMANN Christin 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:A new Mazon‐Creek‐type fossil specimen is described as Sumixam maximus gen. and sp. nov., assigned to the taxon Archaeorthoptera Béthoux and Nel, 2002 (composed of Orthoptera and some fossil relatives): it exhibits one of the diagnostic character states of this taxon, which is the fusion of CuA (emerging from M + CuA) with CuP, or a branch of it. A more precise taxonomic assignment is out of reach. The new taxon exhibits a fusion of the anterior branch of MA with RP, and a point of divergence of MA and MP located near the point of divergence of CuA (from M + CuA), but lack a branching of CuPa. This unique combination of character states is probably derived with respect to a number of contemporaneous species. Sumixam maximus gen. and sp. nov. is most likely the closest known relative of the panorthopterans, which include all the recent Archaeorthoptera.
Measurement and Analysis of Thermal Conductivity of Rocks in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China
Authors: LIU Shaowen , FENG Changge , WANG Liangshu , LI Cheng 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:As a parameter that describes heat transmission properties of rocks, thermal conductivity is indispensable for studying the thermal regime of sedimentary basins, and retrieving high‐quality data of thermal conductivity is the basis for geothermal related studies. The optical scanning method is used here to measure the thermal conductivity of 745 drill‐core samples from the Tarim basin, the largest intermontane basin with abundant hydrocarbon potential in China, and water saturation correction is made for clastic rock samples that are of variable porosity. All the measured values, combined with previously published data in this area, are integrated to discuss the distribution characteristics and major controlling factors that affect the thermal conductivity of rocks in the basin. Our results show that the values of thermal conductivity of rocks generally range from 1.500 to 3.000 W/m·K with a mean of 2.304 W/m·K. Thermal conductivity differs considerably between lithological types: the value of a coal sample is found to be the lowest as being only 0.249 W/m·K, while the values for salt rock samples are the highest with a mean of 4.620 W/m·K. Additionally, it is also found that the thermal conductivity of the same or similar lithologic types shows considerable differences, suggesting that thermal conductivity cannot be used for distinguishing the rock types. The thermal conductivity values of mudstone and sandstone generally increase with increasing burial depth and geological age of the formation, reflecting the effect of porosity of rocks on thermal conductivity. In general, the mineral composition, fabric and porosity of rocks are the main factors that affect the thermal conductivity. The research also reveals that the obvious contrast in thermal conductivity of coal and salt rock with other common sedimentary rocks can induce subsurface temperature anomalies in the overlying and underlying formations, which can modify the thermal evolution and maturity of the source rocks concerned. This finding is very important for oil and gas resources assessment and exploration and needs further study in detail. The results reported here are representative of the latest and most complete dataset of thermal conductivity of rocks in the Tarim basin, and will provide a solid foundation for geothermal studies in future.
Seismic Evidence for Plume and Subducting Slab in West Yunnan, Southwestern China
Authors: HE Chuansong 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:Western Yunnan is located within a gigantic Tethys erogenic zone between Gondwana and Laurasia. Magmatic activity records of the associated Wilson orogenic cycle show that the causes of plate spreading in the region might have been related to sub‐mantle plume. Tectonics, geophysics, sedimentary strata, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere and other research results indicate that there is geological evidence for mantle plume magmatic activities in West Yunnan. Tomography also supports the idea that there is a subducting slab near the Red River fault and an upwelling mantle plume in West Yunnan. Here our research presents seismic evidence for upwelling mantle plume, which is a main cause leading to subducting slab in West Yunnan. The analysis is based on compressional‐to‐shear (P‐to‐S) converted seismic phases, recorded on seismograph stations in the Sichuan‐Yunnan seismic network, and made a study on 410‐km and 660‐km discontinuities, as well as on three sections of CCP stacking.
Chronological Link Between the Abrupt Change of the Loess Grain Size Sequence and the Formation of River Terraces on the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Since the Late Early‐Pleistocene
Authors: LIU Dongyan , QIAO Yansong , LI Weiran , XIE Ruihuang , PENG Shasha 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:Based on the study of magnetostratigraphy, magnetic susceptibility and grain size of Garzê A section on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau since the late early‐Pleistocene, the basal age of Garzê loess is located at ∼1.16 MaBP and a series of abrupt paleoclimatic changes is detected. The times of abrupt changes are of distinct series features, and the interval between each two adjacent abrupt changes is ∼50 kyr or ∼100 kyr. The most significant abrupt changes occur at around 1.06, 0.85, 0.6, 0.46, 0.39 and 0.14 MaBP. There is a chronological link between the abrupt changes of paleoclimate and the formation of river terraces and it is almost simultaneous with a strengthening trend of neotectonic activities. Therefore, maybe the climatic transition controll the timing of terrace formation, and the tectonic uplift originate potential energy and has a direct effect on channel incision, both the climatic transition and the tectonic uplift are important. Terraces are the products of the interaction of instable climatic variations and tectonic uplift. Like the loess‐paleosol sequences, river terrace sequences are also controlled by the climate‐tectonic coupling system and are ruled by climate‐tectonic gyration with a ∼100 kyr paracycle, which may be the short eccentricity period of the earth.
Influence of implant abutment angulations on the fracture resistance of overlaying CAM‐milled zirconia single crowns
Authors: Ellakwa A , Raj T , Deeb S , Ronaghi G , Martin FE , Klineberg I 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:  An in vitro study was performed to assess the effect of three implant abutment angulations and three core thicknesses on the fracture resistance of overlaying computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) milled zirconia (Cercon® system) single crowns.Methods:  Three groups, coded A to C, with different implant abutment angulations (group A/0°, group B/15° and group C/30° angulation) were used to construct 15 crowns for each angulation. Forty‐five overlay restorations were milled using the Cercon® system with zirconium core thicknesses of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm using five crowns for each angulation. The final restorations were prepared and stored in distilled water at mouth temperature (37 °C) for 24 hours prior to testing. The restorations were cemented using Temp Bond®. The load required to break each crown and the mode of failure were recorded. All the results obtained were statistically analysed by the ANOVA test (level of significance p < 0.05). Tested crowns were examined using a stereomicroscope at 40X and selected crowns (five randomly selected from each group were further examined by scanning electron microscopy) to reveal the zirconia–ceramic interface and to determine the fracture origin.Results:  Implant abutment angulations significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the fracture resistance of overlaying CAM‐milled zirconia single crowns. The fracture loads of Cercon® crowns cemented onto abutment preparations with a 30° angulation were the lowest of the groups tested. The core thickness (0.4 to 0.8 mm) did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect the fracture resistance of the CAM‐milled zirconia single crowns. SEM showed that the origin of the fracture appeared to be located at the occlusal surfaces of the crowns and the crack propagation tended to radiate from the occlusal surface towards the gingival margin.Conclusions:  The implant angulation of 30° significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the fracture resistance of overlaying CAM‐milled zirconia single crowns. Reducing the core thickness from 0.8 mm to 0.4 mm did not affect (p > 0.05) the fracture resistance of overlaying CAM‐milled zirconia single crowns.
Oral rehabilitation with dental implants after cancer treatment
Authors: Barrowman RA , Wilson PR , Wiesenfeld D 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:  Patients who undergo surgical management of oral cancer may greatly benefit from an implant‐supported prosthesis. This study reports on the clinical experience of dental implant placement in patients following resection of oral cancer over a 15‐year period. Controversies including the use of dental implants in irradiated tissues, and hyperbaric oxygen treatment will also be discussed.Methods:  Thirty‐one patients who had dental implants placed as part of their oral rehabilitation between 1992 and 2007 were investigated. Demographic data and factors including implant survival, type of prosthesis provided, radiotherapy and the hyperbaric oxygen therapy were analysed.Results:  In this retrospective study, there was a retention rate of 110 implants from a total of 115 implants placed. A high rate of implant retention was found, with 5 implant failures from a total of 115 implants placed. The 5 failed implants occurred in free flap bone that had been irradiated.Conclusions:  Dental implants provide an important role in the oral rehabilitation of oral cancer patients. There may be an increased risk of implant failure in free flap bone that has been irradiated.
Tricalcium silicate induced mineralization for occlusion of dentinal tubules
Authors: Dong Z , Chang J , Deng Y , Joiner A 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentinal tubule occluding ability of tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5 or C3S) in vitro.Methods:  Dentine discs were prepared from extracted caries‐free human third molars and etched with 0.02 M citric acid (pH 4) for 3 minutes in order to produce patent dentinal tubules. Tricalcium silicate pastes of different viscosities were applied to the surface of the dentine specimens for 3 minutes and then removed with a swab followed by deionized water rinse. The dentine specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 7 days. The tubule occlusion, sealing depth and chemical composition of the dentine specimens and bonding force between the dentine matrix and mineralized layer were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis and a nanoscratch test.Results:  A homogeneous layer of mineral crystals was precipitated onto the dentine surface and caused significant occlusion of the dentinal tubules. The dentine permeability and sealing depth of the C3S increased with the decrease of viscosity of the paste. With a proper viscosity of C3S pastes, the interface between the mineralized layer and the dentine matrix bonded well.Conclusions:  This study suggests that C3S may be an effective agent for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity.