bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central nervous system-derived extracellular vesicles: the next generation of neural circulating biomarkers?
Authors: Bravo-Miana Rocío del Carmen , Arizaga-Echebarria Jone Karmele , Otaegui David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe central nervous system (CNS) is integrated by glial and neuronal cells, and both release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that participate in CNS homeostasis. EVs could be one of the best candidates to operate as nanosized biological platforms for analysing multidimensional bioactive cargos, which are protected during systemic circulation of EVs. Having a window into the molecular level processes that are happening in the CNS could open a new avenue in CNS research. This raises a particular point of interest: can CNS-derived EVs in blood serve as circulating biomarkers that reflect the pathological status of neurological diseases? L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a widely reported biomarker to identify CNS-derived EVs in peripheral blood. However, it has been demonstrated that L1CAM is also expressed outside the CNS. Given that principal data related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease were obtained using L1CAM-positive EVs, efforts to overcome present challenges related to its specificity are required. In this sense, other surface biomarkers for CNS-derived EVs, such as glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), among others, have started to be used. Establishing a panel of EV biomarkers to analyse CNS-derived EVs in blood could increase the specificity and sensitivity necessary for these types of studies. This review covers the main evidence related to CNS-derived EVs in cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples of patients with neurological diseases, focusing on the reported biomarkers and the technical possibilities for their isolation. EVs are emerging as a mirror of brain physiopathology, reflecting both localized and systemic changes. Therefore, when the technical hindrances for EV research and clinical applications are overcome, novel disease-specific panels of EV biomarkers would be discovered to facilitate transformation from traditional medicine to personalized medicine.
Adoption of milk safety practices: evidence from dairy farmers in Ethiopia
Authors: Feyisa Bekele Wegi , Haji Jema , Mirzabaev Alisher 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Foodborne zoonotic diseases caused by inadequate on-farm controls are a major global public health concern, despite dairy products' nutritional value and role in food security. To improve dairy safety on farms, it is critical to understand the factors that influence the adoption of safe milk production practices. The objective of this paper was to assess milk safety practices implemented on smallholder dairy farms and to identify factors associated with farm-level adoption of these practices by dairy farmers in Ethiopia.

Methods
A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 424 randomly selected dairy farmers across five districts in Ethiopia, with 410 of them being used in the analysis. The level of milk safety practices was developed based on the reported adoption of 45 recommended milk safety measures, which were grouped under animal health, milking hygiene, milk storage, and general hygienic practices. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe and compare key variables, while factors associated with the adoption of milk safety practices under each group and the overall level of milk safety practices adopted were identified using truncated Poisson and ordinary least squares, respectively.

Results
Smallholder dairy farmers adopted 59% of the milk safety practices, with considerable variation across dairy farmers. Although the level of milk safety practices adoption does not significantly differ between the two zones, our finding uncovered that most of the factors associated with the adoption of milk safety practices significantly differ between zones. This demonstrates that there is a need for location-specific policy recommendations and strategies to improve the adoption of milk safety practices by dairy producers in Ethiopia. Households with more education, dairy farming experience, dairy production training, access to milk safety information, access to credit, and experience with milk safety inspections adopted significantly more milk safety measures. On the other hand, the number of lactating cows, distance from water and proportion of milk consumed at home were found to be negatively associated with milk safety practices adopted.

Conclusions
The findings of the study suggest that strengthening food safety inspections at the farm and improving regulatory enforcement, disseminating food safety information through different outlets and location-specific interventions are important to improve the adoption of milk safety practices in Ethiopia.
First insights into the spatial behaviour of Octopus vulgaris in the wild using acoustic telemetry
Authors: Papadopoulo Kenn , Hillinger Alina , Mucientes Gonzalo , Roura Álvaro , Villegas-Ríos David , Irisarri José , González Ángel F. , Alonso-Fernández Alexandre 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOctopuses are amongst the most fascinating animals in our oceans; however, while their intricate behaviours are often studied in laboratory settings, basic aspects of their movement ecology remain unstudied in the wild. Focusing on the socio-economically important common octopus (Octopus vulgaris), this study employs, for the first time, acoustic tracking techniques to address knowledge gaps regarding the species spatial ecology within a marine protected area. A total of 24 wild O. vulgaris (13 males, 11 females) were tagged in 2022 in the National Park Maritime-Terrestrial of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia, Spain. Acoustic transmitters were externally attached to the third arm, after testing other body parts (mantle cavity). Males were on average detected on 10 times more occasions than females (49 days in males and five in females). The average activity space in the study area was large in comparison to that determined in similar studies, with 0.16 km2. Activity space between males and females as well as day and night were comparable. Tagged octopuses displayed a crepuscular activity pattern. The location of dens could be established for 15 out of 24 individuals, from which octopuses were observed to undertake regular daytime excursions. Several individuals were also found to occupy more than one den and/or switch their main dens throughout the study duration. First implications and benefits of this approach are discussed.
The relationship between the psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a model of conditioned processes mediated by negative emotions and moderated by deliberate rumination
Authors: Xu Yanhua , Ni Yonghui , Yang Jiayan , Wu Jiamin , Lin Yating , Li Jialu , Zeng Wei , Zeng Yuqing , Huang Dongtao , Wu Xingrou , Shao Jinlian , Li Qian , Zhu Ziqi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic has attracted the attention of researchers. For the present study researchers constructed a mediation model to explore the relationship between psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth, the mediating role of negative emotions and the moderating role of deliberate rumination in students.

Methods
The Psychological Resilience Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Event Related Rumination Inventory were used in a survey of 881 college students. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and the PROCESS plugin (version 3.3).

Results
(1) Psychological resilience is positively related with post-traumatic growth. Deliberate rumination is positively related to psychological resilience, posttraumatic growth, and negative emotions. Psychological resilience, post-traumatic growth and negative emotions are negatively related. (2) Negative emotions mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth. (3) Deliberate rumination plays a moderating role in psychological resilience affecting negative emotions. Deliberate rumination plays a moderating role in the extent to which psychological resilience influences PTG through negative emotions.

Conclusions
Psychological resilience affects post-traumatic growth directly and also indirectly through negative emotions. With the increase of mental resilience, the level of negative emotion tended to decrease. When individuals are experiencing negative emotions, high levels of active rumination are more likely to promote post-traumatic growth. This study helps to explore the factors affecting the mental health of college students during the epidemic, thus providing guidance for appropriate mental health interventions.
Secure attachment priming inhibits the generalization of conditioned fear
Authors: Li Xu , Yang Yong , Wang Ranran , Zhou Lehong , Zheng Xifu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Fear overgeneralization constitutes a susceptibility factor contributing to the development and maintenance of anxiety spectrum disorders. Extant research has demonstrated that exposure to positive and supportive social relationships attenuates fear acquisition and promotes the extinction of conditioned fear responses. However, the literature lacks investigation into the effect of secure attachment priming on inhibiting the generalization of conditioned fear.

Methods
In this study, college students were recruited via online platforms to voluntarily engage in the experimental procedures, resulting in 57 subjects whose data were deemed suitable for analysis. The experimental protocol consisted of four consecutive phases: pre-acquisition, acquisition, priming, and generalization. The priming phase consisted of two experimental conditions: secure attachment priming (experimental group) and positive emotion priming (control group). This study adopted the perceptual discrimination fear conditioning paradigm, employing subjective expectancy of shock ratings and skin conductance responses as primary assessment indices. Individual difference variables were measured using corresponding psychological measurement scales.

Results
In terms of generalization degree, a notable divergence surfaced in the skin conductance responses across various generalization materials between the secure attachment priming group and the control group. Similarly, during generalization extinction, a significant disparity emerged in the skin conductance responses across different generalization phases between the secure attachment priming group and the control group. In addition, individual differences analyses revealed that the inhibitory effect of secure attachment priming on fear generalization was not affected by intolerance of uncertainty and attachment orientations. Conversely, slope analyses confirmed that as intolerance of uncertainty increased, the inhibitory effect of positive emotion priming on fear generalization was attenuated.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that activating participants' representations of secure attachment via imagination effectively attenuates the generalization of perceptual fear at the physiological level. The inhibitory effect of secure attachment priming appears to be distinct from positive emotional modulation and remains unaffected by individual trait attachment styles. These results offer novel insights and avenues for the prevention and clinical intervention of anxiety spectrum disorders.
DGPCD: a benchmark for typical official-style Dougong in ancient Chinese wooden architecture
Authors: Zhou Caochenyu , Dong Youqiang , Hou Miaole 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Dougong, a distinctive component of ancient Chinese wooden architecture, holds significant importance for the preservation and restoration of such structures. In particular, the northern official-style buildings represent the pinnacle of ancient Chinese construction techniques. In the realm of cultural heritage preservation, the application of deep learning has gradually expanded, demonstrating remarkable effectiveness. Point cloud serving as a crucial source for Dougong, encapsulates various information, enabling support for tasks like Dougong point cloud classification and completion. The quality of Dougong datasets directly impacts the outcomes of DNNs (deep neural networks), as they serve as the foundational data support for these models. The typical official-style Dougong, with its standardized and repetitive structural patterns, is highly suitable for training DNNs to accurately recognize and analyze these complex architectural elements. However, due to the inherent characteristics of Dougong, such as coplanarity and occlusion, acquiring point cloud data is challenging, resulting in poor data quality and organizational difficulties. To address this issue, our study adopts a multi-source data fusion approach to tackle the challenges of insufficient data quantity and poor data quality. Further, through data augmentation, we enhance the dataset’s volume and generalize its characteristics. This effort culminates in the creation of the typical official-style Dougong Point Cloud Dataset (DG Dataset), poised to support deep learning tasks related to Dougong scenarios.
Dietary compliance and its determinants among type 2 diabetes patients in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Atosona Ambrose , Yiadom Lisa Boakye , Alhassan Barichisu , Kelli Hamida , Gaa Patience Kanyiri , Kalog Gabriel Libienuo Sowley 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is currently high and still rising, predominantly in developing countries including Ghana. Type 2 diabetes patients’ adherence to recommended diet is shown to improve their health outcomes. This study investigated dietary compliance and its determinants among type 2 diabetes patients in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.

Methods
This study employed analytical cross-sectional study design and involved 343 participants selected through systematic random sampling from the outpatient diabetes clinics of Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale West Hospital and Tamale Central Hospital. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to document participants’ socio-demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics. The modified Morisky dietary adherence scale was used to assess dietary compliance. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictors of dietary compliance.

Results
The mean age of participants was 56.4 ± 15.7 years. More than half of the participants (62.4%) were females. The participants had a higher compliance status (70.6%). The study also revealed that, as a patient’s age increases, compliance decreases [Adjusted odd ratio (AOR): 0.96, 95%, Confidence interval (CI) 0.94–0.99, P = 0.002]. Regarding educational status, patients who completed JHS/Middle School [AOR: 2.458, 95% CI 1.019–5.928, P = 0.045] and SHS/Vocational School [AOR: 2.73, 95% CI 1.08–6.91, P = 0.035] were more likely to comply with dietary recommendations compared to those with no formal education.

Conclusion
The rate of dietary compliance was high among the study participants. Age and educational status of participants significantly influenced their dietary compliance, suggesting that these factors should be taken into account when developing strategies to enhance dietary adherence.
Marital quality in a context of displacement: the role of union formation characteristics among Syrian refugee and Jordanian youth
Authors: Torrisi Orsola , Sieverding Maia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMarital quality is an important determinant of well-being and is related to how unions are formed. Both processes of union formation and marital relationships may be influenced by stressful conditions, including insecurity and displacement. We leverage unique representative data on young Syrian refugees in Jordan to learn more about the interplay between displacement, union formation characteristics and marital quality. Through comparisons with youth from the Jordanian host population, we assess the role of key contextual predictors of marital quality, such as consanguinity and young people’s role in choosing their spouse, with a focus on gender differences. We measure marital quality with six separate items capturing aspects of equality, respect and interpersonal communication and a unidimensional scale identified through exploratory factor analysis. Results show that consanguinity, marital duration and number of children are generally unrelated to marital quality in both populations. In contrast, involvement in spouse choice emerges as the strongest predictor, with both Syrians and Jordanians in family-arranged unions experiencing lower-quality marriages. Among Syrians, women suffer more from lower marital quality, especially when arranged unions happen at a young age, and marriages formed after displacement to Jordan appear more fragile. The study is one of the first to explore predictors of marital quality in a non-Western, conflict-affected population. The findings emphasise the importance of the demographic study of family dynamics in situations of insecurity and displacement moving beyond a narrow focus on marriage timing to cover a wider range of marriage outcomes related to family well-being.
Studies of certain parameters affecting two parasitoid species, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), on egg host, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Abdel Halim Esraa M. , El-Mandarawy Mona R. , Naroz Magda H. , Ahmed Sayeda S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Two Trichogramma spp., Trichogramma evanescens Westwood and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), were studied to control one of the most cereal pests attacking various grains, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera). Experiments were carried out to evaluate S. cerealella egg-ages, parasitoids’ emergence time and cold storage host eggs on rearing the two tested parasitoids’ spp.

Results
The age of S. cerealella eggs had significantly influenced the parasitization and adult emergence rates of the two parasitoid species. Parasitism rate resulted from old host eggs (32 h old) (44.93%) decreased than those of the fresh ones (2 h old) (95.85%). Emergence rate ranged between (62.64–97.85%) for T. evanescens and (62.90–95.54%) for T. bactrae from different S. cerealella egg-ages (0–32 h). Regardless to late emerged parasitoids, their population affected. T. evanescens parasitized rate ranged (73.79–95.06%), which comparatively lower than those of T. bactrae (88.81–96.90%), at parasitoid emerging times (0–64 h), respectively. Emergence times had significantly differences in the emergence rate of T. evanescens and/or T. bactrae. On the other hand, percentage of parasitism of the non-stored S. cerealella eggs was higher than the other cold-stored ones. The emergence rate of adult parasitoids, T. evanescens (66.00–91.16%) and T. bactrae (71.16–94.11%), was decreased at the cold storage durations (5–40 days) increased. In comparison to the tested biological aspects between the two parasitoid species, non-significant differences were recorded, at the three assessment parameters, which include host egg-ages, parasitoid emergence time and cold-stored eggs. Meanwhile, there were significant differences between F1 emerged rates for T. evanescens and T. bactrae obtained at each of the three tested parameters.

Conclusion
It was concluded that low emergence time of the parasitoids, T. evanescens and T. bactrae, was relatively more effective when they parasitized the fresh egg-age and less cold storage periods of S. cerealella.
The hidden threat: subdural empyema strikes a healthy teen
Authors: Dahshan Ahmed , Youssef Ahmed Hamdy , Al Subhi Abdallah , Darweesh Wael Salah , Al Fahdi Zakaria , Al Yahyaai Mahmood 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The incidence estimates for intracranial subdural empyema are 0.1 per 100,000 individuals, making it a rare clinical condition. It is a highly morbid and fatal illness that is most commonly the result of a primary infection somewhere else.

Case presentation
The authors present a young male patient 15 years presented with 1 week history of headache, fever, confusion and seizure attack with initial negative CT head and nearly negative CSF analysis. With few days he developed left sided weakness. MRI brain showed right temporoparietal subdural fluid collection with midline shift. Urgent neurosurgical evacuation was made and revealed subdural empyema. The boy received combination therapy of vancomycin, ceftriaxone, and metronidazole. The culture of the pus was negative but 16S rRNA gene sequencing (bacterial) revealed streptococcus intermedius. He made a good recovery with no recollection or neurological deficit on follow up.

Conclusion
This case highlights the possibility of occurrence of this rare infection in otherwise healthy individuals without obvious precipitating factor. It also indicates the superiority of MRI brain over CT head in detection of subdural collection. The rapid diagnosis and intervention improve the outcome of the patient.
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL): subtle presentation and challenging diagnosis; a case report
Authors: Bendari Ahmed , Abdelhafez Aisha , Sham Sunder , Al-Refai Reham , Yurovitsky Alyssa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare, clinically aggressive lymphoma defined by the proliferation of atypical lymphoma cells in the lumen of all sized blood vessels, particularly capillaries. The reasons for this unusual neoplastic cell proliferation are still only partially understood. IVLBCL is considered stage IV lymphoma and manifests with a variety of nonspecific signs and symptoms. Patients with IVLBCL usually do not present with lymphadenopathy. The tumor cells invade the blood vessels of multiple organs such as the central nervous system, skin, lungs, kidneys, and bone marrow. Common presenting symptoms are based on the organ affected and include mental status changes and fever of unknown origin. Although immunochemotherapy has significantly improved the often-poor prognosis of this kind of lymphoma, a large percentage of patients’ relapse. We present a 63-year-old man who had been diagnosed with large B cell lymphoma in the bone marrow in March 2021 and was in remission state after completing six cycles of chemotherapy. There was no abnormal FDG uptake on a post-chemotherapy PET/CT scan. Patient presented to the emergency room (ER) two months later with fever and dyspnea. The entire workup was completed and showed pancytopenia and elevated ESR. While chest CT scan did not show lymphadenopathy or lesions, PET/CT scans revealed a widespread increase in FDG uptake in both the lungs and spleen. Lung biopsy revealed large, atypical cells within alveolar septae and vessels. Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated that these cells were positive for CD20 and PAX-5 and had high proliferation rate based on Ki67. IVLBCL has a low incidence rate with non-specific clinical presentation. The diagnosis can be easily missed in both clinical, radiological and the corresponding histopathological findings. Radiological finding and CT scan are not sensitive enough and may miss the lesion. Even though the PET/CT scan is more sensitive, the definitive diagnosis of IVLBCL relies mainly on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, at which point awareness of this entity by the pathologist is most necessary.