bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Among Tendon Regeneration on MRI, Flexor Strength, and Functional Performance After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Autograft
Authors: Choi Jung Yun , Ha Jeong Ku , Kim Young Woo , Shim Jae Chan , Yang Sang Jin , Kim Jin Goo 
Published: October 2011

Background: There are numerous reports on hamstring tendon regeneration after harvest for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, few studies have evaluated the relationships among the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of hamstring regeneration, muscle strength, and functional results. Purpose: This study evaluates the correlations among the hamstring regeneration on MRI, flexor strength, and functional performance after hamstring tendon harvesting in ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We enrolled 45 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autografts and in whom flexor strength, functional performance, and preoperative and postoperative MRI results were evaluated at least 2 years postoperatively. Isokinetic flexion strength was tested in the standard and prone positions. We evaluated the differences in flexor strength and functional performance according to the number of regenerated tendons. The correlation between the MRI findings (the number of regenerated hamstring tendons and proximal shift of the musculotendinous junction) and the functional performance and flexor strength was analyzed. Results: The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the regeneration of the hamstring tendons on MRI: both semitendinosus and gracilis tendons regenerated (group SG), only 1 tendon regenerated (group O), and no tendon regenerated (group N). Significant differences were found in the flexor deficit between group N and groups SG and O on the standard and prone position isokinetic tests. There was a significant correlation (ρ = –.472) between the number of regenerated hamstring tendons and the carioca test result. The proximal shift significantly correlated with the flexor deficit in the prone position isokinetic test (semitendinosus, r = .449; gracilis, r = .366). Conclusion: Hamstring tendons regenerated after harvest for ACL reconstruction in a high proportion of the patients. The flexor strength with both the standard and prone position isokinetic tests differed in the 3 groups. The number of regenerated hamstring tendons was significantly correlated with performance on the carioca test. Proximal shifting of the musculotendinous junction was significantly correlated with flexor deficit on the hyperflexion isokinetic test.
Development and validation of a 200 mm wafer-scale finite element model of contact pressure distribution in chemical mechanical polishing
Authors: Byrne G , Ahearne E , Timoney P 
Published: October 2011

In the semiconductor industry, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is utilized to planarize the surface of silicon wafers following the lithography and deposition steps, preparing the surface for subsequent layers of interconnects. Stringent local and global planarity tolerances are imposed by the feature size decreases and wafer size increases dictated by Moore’s law. The introduction of fragile, porous, oxide materials for their low dielectric constant also increases the fragility of the wafers being processed. An issue that has received significant attention in the literature is the relationship between the pressure distributed on the backside of the wafer and the resulting interfacial pressure between the wafer and the polishing pad. The Preston relationship for polishing of glass asserted proportionality between the applied pressure and the relative velocity to the resulting material removal rate. However, the pressure distribution between the pad and the wafer is not so well understood and therefore requires a detailed investigation. This paper presents results of a finite element model of CMP incorporating realistic boundary conditions for the wafer carrier and platen assemblies. The model predictions of interfacial contact pressure are validated by unique measurements of the contact pressure between the wafer and the pad using a static pressure measurement film and accompanying analysis software. The results demonstrate a close correlation between the model’s prediction and the measured values.
Structural analysis of a commercial vehicle disc brake caliper
Authors: Tirovic M , Sergent N , Campbell J , Roberts P , Vignjevic R 
Published: October 2011

Disc brake calipers are subjected to significant mechanical loading, with design requirements being particularly stringent with respect to the stresses, the deflections, the installation envelope, the noise, vibration, and harshness, and the thermal aspects. Modern finite element (FE) techniques can successfully model caliper assemblies; however, the limitations in predicting the caliper behaviour are primarily related to accurate definition of the boundary conditions, because of complex interactions between the individual components. Traditionally, strain gauges and displacement transducers have been used for measuring the caliper strains and deflections. This approach is expensive and time consuming, requiring installation of numerous transducers and complex data processing, and has limited accuracy. The application of digital image correlation (DIC) to a commercial vehicle disc brake caliper provided valuable strain results. In comparison with strain gauges, DIC proved to be exceptionally easy to use and enables straightforward comparison of measured strains with FE predicted values. Initial work dealt with the static actuating forces, and excellent correlation between the predicted and the measured strain values was achieved throughout the operating range of clamp forces. The present authors are confident that the addition of the dynamic frictional forces will give even more interesting results, providing insight into the interaction of different components within the brake assembly.
Acute kidney injury in Chinese patients with lupus nephritis: a large cohort study from a single center
Authors: Zhu D , Qu Z , Tan Y , Yu F , Zhao M-h 
Published: October 2011

Objective In this study we assess clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a large cohort of Chinese patients with lupus nephritis. Methods The clinical, laboratory, renal histopathology, treatment and outcome data were retrospectively collected and compared between lupus nephritis patients with and without AKI. The impact of AKI on renal outcome was evaluated. Results Among 322 patients with renal biopsy-proven lupus nephritis, 66 (20.5%) were identified as AKI. Male predominance was observed in patients with AKI ( p < 0.001). In comparison with the non-AKI group, patients with AKI had significantly higher proportions of serositis ( p < 0.001), neurologic disorder ( p = 0.026), anemia ( p < 0.001), thrombocytopenia ( p = 0.013) and nephrotic syndrome ( p = 0.011), but significant lower serum C3 ( p < 0.001). The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores, renal pathological activity indices and chronicity indices were significantly higher in the AKI group ( p < 0.001 in all cases). Regarding outcome, the AKI group had a significantly poorer renal outcome compared with non-AKI group ( p < 0.001). In the AKI group, patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis and thrombotic microangiopathy had the worst renal outcome. AKI was an independent risk factor for renal outcome (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.819, 95% confidence interval 2.411–14.044 , p < 0.001). Conclusions AKI is common in lupus nephritis and is an independent risk factor for renal outcome.
Dietary habits and exercise behaviours in persons at risk for peripheral arterial disease: a pilot study
Authors: Collins Tracie C , Henderson Kimberly , Lunos Scott 
Published: October 2011

Background To determine dietary habits, exercise behaviours and knowledge of disease in a racially diverse group of patients at risk for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods An ethnically diverse cohort of persons age ≥39 years with at least one traditional risk factor for PAD was recruited. We obtained data on ethnicity, exercise behaviour, eating patterns and PAD knowledge. Results Of the 50 participants who completed screening for PAD, the mean age was 64.4±11.5 years and 15 (30%) were African American, 12 (24%) were Latino, 13 (26%) were Native American, and 10 (20%) were white. The scores and standard errors for avoiding fried foods were 2.80 (0.11) for African Americans, 3.06 (0.13) for Latinos, 3.54 (0.13) for Native Americans (p=0.0002), and 3.31 (0.11) for whites. Mean minutes of weekly exercise were not significantly different by group. Traditional risk factors for PAD were identified by 28% of participants prior to video presentations as compared to 60% following the presentations. Conclusion African Americans were more likely to eat fried foods than other ethnicities. Efforts are needed to identify novel approaches to improve dietary habits and levels of physical activity in individuals at risk for PAD.
Probability theory of capacity value of additional generation
Authors: Zachary S , Dent C J 
Published: October 2011

This paper describes a new probability theory of the capacity value of additional generation in electrical power systems. A closed-form expression for the effective load carrying capability or equivalent firm capacity of a small additional capacity is derived. This depends on the mean and variance of the distribution of available additional generation capacity, and the shape of the distribution of the difference between available existing capacity and demand, near zero margin. The theory extends naturally to the case where the pre-existing background and additional resource are not statistically independent. The theory may be used to explain and confirm the generality of various well-known properties of capacity value results, as is illustrated using Great Britain examples. Of particular note is the common observation that if the distribution for demand is shifted so as to increase the calculated risk, then the capacity value of additional generation increases. The new theory demonstrates that this is not true in general, but rather is a consequence of the shape near zero margin of the probability distribution of the margin of existing generating capacity over demand.
Endogenous Bcl-xL is essential for Myc-driven lymphomagenesis in mice
Authors: Kelly Priscilla N. , Grabow Stephanie , Delbridge Alex R. D. , Strasser Andreas , Adams Jerry M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Impaired apoptosis is a cancer hallmark, and some types of lymphomas and other cancers harbor mutations that directly affect key cell death regulators, such as Bcl-2 family members. However, because the majority of tumors seem to lack such mutations, we are examining the hypothesis that tumorigenesis can be sustained at least initially by the normal expression of specific endogenous pro-survival Bcl-2 family members. We previously demonstrated that the lymphomagenesis in Εμ-myc transgenic mice, which constitutively overexpress the c-Myc oncoprotein in B-lymphoid cells and develop pre-B and B-cell lymphomas, does not require endogenous Bcl-2. In striking contrast, we report here that loss in these mice of its close relative Bcl-xL attenuated the pre-neoplastic expansion of pro-B and pre-B cells otherwise driven by c-Myc overexpression, sensitized these cells to apoptosis and ablated lymphoma formation. Remarkably, even loss of a single bcl-x allele delayed the lymphomagenesis. These findings identify Bcl-xL as a prerequisite for the emergence of c-Myc–driven pre-B/B lymphoma and suggest that BH3 mimetic drugs may provide a prophylactic strategy for c-Myc–driven tumors.
The Impact of Delayed Storage on the Measured Proteome and Metabolome of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Rosenling Therese , Stoop Marcel P , Smolinska Agnieszka , Muilwijk Bas , Coulier Leon , Shi Shanna , Dane Adrie , Christin Christin , Suits Frank , Horvatovich Peter L , Wijmenga Sybren S , Buydens Lutgarde MC , Vreeken Rob , Hankemeier Thomas , van Gool Alain J , Luider Theo M , Bischoff Rainer 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND
Because cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in close contact with diseased areas in neurological disorders, it is an important source of material in the search for molecular biomarkers. However, sample handling for CSF collected from patients in a clinical setting might not always be adequate for use in proteomics and metabolomics studies.

METHODS
We left CSF for 0, 30, and 120 min at room temperature immediately after sample collection and centrifugation/removal of cells. At 2 laboratories CSF proteomes were subjected to tryptic digestion and analyzed by use of nano-liquid chromatography (LC) Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) and chipLC quadrupole TOF-MS. Metabolome analysis was performed at 3 laboratories by NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS. Targeted analyses of cystatin C and albumin were performed by LC–tandem MS in the selected reaction monitoring mode.

RESULTS
We did not find significant changes in the measured proteome and metabolome of CSF stored at room temperature after centrifugation, except for 2 peptides and 1 metabolite, 2,3,4-trihydroxybutanoic (threonic) acid, of 5780 identified peptides and 93 identified metabolites. A sensitive protein stability marker, cystatin C, was not affected.

CONCLUSIONS
The measured proteome and metabolome of centrifuged human CSF is stable at room temperature for up to 2 hours. We cannot exclude, however, that changes undetectable with our current methodology, such as denaturation or proteolysis, might occur because of sample handling conditions. The stability we observed gives laboratory personnel at the collection site sufficient time to aliquot samples before freezing and storage at −80 °C.
Discontinuation of octreotide LAR after long term, successful treatment of patients with acromegaly: is it worth trying?
Authors: Ramírez Claudia , Vargas Guadalupe , González Baldomero , Grossman Ashley , Rábago Julia , Sosa Ernesto , Espinosa-de-Los-Monteros Ana Laura , Mercado Moisés 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundSomatostatin analogs (SA) have been used for over 25 years in the treatment of acromegaly. A major disadvantage is the need to continue therapy indefinitely.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of discontinuing therapy in well-controlled patients with acromegaly treated chronically with SA.Design and methodsOf the 205 subjects on octreotide LAR, we selected those who met the following criteria: two or more years of treatment, a stable dose and injection interval of 20 mg every 8 weeks or longer for the previous year, no history of radiation, no cabergoline for the previous 6 months, a GH <1.5 ng/ml, and an IGF1 <1.2×upper limit of normal (ULN). Octreotide LAR was stopped and both GH and IGF1 were measured monthly for 4 months; a glucose-suppressed GH value and magnetic resonance imaging were obtained at the 4th month, thereafter, basal GH and IGF1 were measured q. 3 months, for 12–18 months. Patients were removed from the study if GH or IGF1 rose to 1.5 ng/ml or 1.2×ULN respectively.ResultsTwelve patients (ten women, mean age 48±13 years) were studied. Seven patients (58.3%) relapsed biochemically within 1 year of having stopped the SA; two patients relapsed by GH and IGF1 criteria, the remaining five patients kept GH levels within target. Five patients (41.7%) remain in remission after 12 months of follow-up. Non-recurring patients were on longer injection intervals but no other characteristic was associated with a successful withdrawal.ConclusionWithdrawal of SA is possible in a small but distinct subset of patients, particularly in those who are very well controlled on relatively low doses administered at long intervals.
Symptoms of Respiratory Disease and Lung Functional Impairment Associated with Occupational Inhalation Exposure to Carbon Black Dust
Authors: Neghab Masoud , Mohraz Majid Habibi , Hassanzadeh Jafar 
Published: October 2011

Symptoms of Respiratory Disease and Lung Functional Impairment Associated with Occupational Inhalation Exposure to Carbon Black Dust: Masoud Neghab, et al. Department of Occupational Health, School of Health and Nutrition and Research Center for Health Sciences, Iran—Purpose: The aim of this study was to ascertain whether symptoms of respiratory disorders and lung functional impairments are associated with occupational inhalation exposure to carbon black (CB) in a group of rubber workers.MethodsThe study population consisted of 72 male workers with a past history of and current exposure to CB and 69, randomly selected, healthy unexposed male ofice workers that served as the referent group. Subjects were interviewed and given standardized respiratory symptom questionnaires to answer. Furthermore, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed before and after the work shift for exposed subjects and once during the work shift for referent subjects. Furthermore, to assess the extent to which workers were exposed to CB, using standard methods, inhalable and respirable dust fractions of CB were measured in different dusty worksites.ResultsThe levels of exposure to inhalable and respirable CB dust were estimated to be 6.2 ± 1.7 and 2.3 ± 0.29 mg/ 3 mrespectively (mean ± SD). Respiratory symptom questionnaires revealed that regular cough, phlegm, wheezing and shortness of breath were significantly (p<0.05) more prevalent among exposed workers. Furthermore, significant decreases in some preshift and postshift parameters of pulmonary function of exposed workers with a spirometric pattern consistent with restrictive ventilatory disorder were found. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide circumstantial evidence to support the notion that exposure to CB exceeding its current TLV is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms along with both acute, partially reversible and chronicirreversible significant decreases in some parameters of pulmonary function.
Recognition of Mental Disorders and Beliefs about Treatment and Outcome: Findings from an Australian National Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma
Authors: Reavley Nicola J. , Jorm Anthony F. 
Published: October 2011

Objective: The aim of the study was to carry out a national survey in order to assess recognition and beliefs about treatment for affective disorders, anxiety disorders and schizophrenia/psychosis. Method: In 2011, telephone interviews were carried out with 6019 Australians aged 15 or over. Participants were presented with a case vignette describing either depression, depression with suicidal thoughts, early schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia, social phobia or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Questions were asked about what was wrong with the person, the likely helpfulness of a broad range of interventions and the likely outcomes for the person with and without appropriate treatment. Results: Rates of recognition of depression were relatively high, with almost 75% of respondents using the correct label. Rates of recognition for the schizophrenia vignettes and PTSD were similar, with around one third of respondents using the correct labels. Only 9.2% of respondents were able to correctly label social phobia. Respondents gave the highest helpfulness ratings to GPs, counsellors, antidepressants, antipsychotics (for schizophrenia) and lifestyle interventions such as physical activity, relaxation and getting out more. Respondents were generally optimistic about recovery following treatment, although relapse was seen as likely. Conclusions: While Australians' beliefs about effective medications and interventions for mental disorders have moved closer to those of health professionals since surveys conducted in 1995 and 2003/4, there is still potential for mental health literacy gains in the areas of recognition and treatment beliefs for mental disorders. This is particularly the case for schizophrenia and anxiety disorders, which are less well recognized and, in the case of social phobia, generally perceived as having less need for professional help.
Psychosis and its Correlates in a Remote Indigenous Population
Authors: Hunter Ernest , Gynther Bruce , Anderson Carrick , Onnis Leigh-ann , Groves Aaron , Nelson Jeff 
Published: October 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe prevalence and characteristics of psychotic disorders in a remote Indigenous population. Method: Clinical review of all patients with an active diagnosis of a psychotic disorder in remote communities of Cape York and the Torres Strait. Results: 170 patients were identified and demographic, social and treatment variables described. Conclusions: Psychotic disorders are common and more so among young adult Aboriginal men, with high rates of comorbid conditions including substance use, intellectual impairment and diabetes. In parallel to this case complexity, there are high rates of coercive treatments. Certain differences by ethnicity and location are described and possible explanations proposed.
Relationships between Interpersonal Contact as a Volunteer Companion and Stigma
Authors: Sacca Rose , Ryan Christopher 
Published: October 2011

Objective: Previous studies overseas have suggested that the Compeer volunteer companion programme lowers expressions of stigma among volunteers. We used an Australian sample to examine the hypotheses that being a Compeer volunteer is associated with a lower expression of stigma and that stronger Compeer friendships are also associated with lower expressions of stigma. Method: Volunteers from the Compeer program were surveyed regarding their attitudes to mental illness (using the Social Distance Scale, Affect Scale and Dangerousness Scale), the strength of their Compeer friendship (Match Bond Scale) and previous levels of contact with mental illness (Contact Scale). Results: Volunteers showed low overall levels of stigma with no demographic variation in stigma levels. Lower levels of stigma were also associated with stronger friendships. Conclusions: Compared to similar US studies, Compeer volunteers show low overall levels of stigma. Stronger friendship bonds were associated with more positive attitudes.
Coleridge's “The Madman and the Lethargist” and Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Pridmore Saxby 
Published: October 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine “The Madman and the Lethargist”, by Samuel Coleridge, with respect to its contribution to the history of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: While primarily a political allegory, this poem indicates that to the non-medical Briton (Coleridge, albeit an educated one) of the late 18th century, a distinction was not necessarily made between mad and non-mad sick people. Also, that even dangerous mad people were considered potentially curable.