bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feedback Control of Polymer Flooding Process Considering Geologic Uncertainty
Authors: Mantilla Cesar A. , Srinivasan Sanjay 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Polymer flooding is economically successful in reservoirs where the water flood mobility ratio is high, and/or the reservoir heterogeneity is adverse, because of the improved sweep resulting from mobility-controlled oil displacement. The performance of a polymer flood can be further improved if the process is dynamically controlled using updated reservoir models and by implementing a closed-loop production optimization scheme. However, the formulation of an optimal production strategy should be based on uncertain production forecasts resulting from uncertainty in for example spatial representation of reservoir heterogeneity, geologic scenarios, inaccurate modeling, scaling, and other factors. Assessing the uncertainty in reservoir modeling and transferring it to uncertainty in production forecasts is crucial for efficiently controlling the process. This paper presents a feedback control framework that (1) assesses uncertainty in reservoir modeling and production forecasts, (2) updates the prior uncertainty in reservoir models by integrating continuously monitored production data, and (3) formulates optimal injection/production rates for the updated reservoir models. This approach focuses on assessing uncertainty in reservoir modeling and production forecasts originated mainly by uncertain geologic scenarios and heterogeneity. This uncertainty is mapped in a metric space created by comparing multiple reservoir models and measuring differences in effective heterogeneity related to well connectivity and well responses characteristic of polymer flooding.
Continuously monitored production data are used to refine the prior uncertainty scores using a Bayesian inversion algorithm. In contrast to classical approach of history matching by model perturbation, a model selection problem is implemented where highly probable reservoir models are selected to represent the posterior uncertainty in production forecasts. The model selection procedure yields the posterior uncertainty associated with the reservoir model. The production optimization problem is solved using the posterior models and using a proxy model of polymer flooding to rapidly evaluate the objective function and response surfaces to represent the relationship between well controls and an economic objective function. The value of the feedback control framework is demonstrated with a synthetic example of polymer flooding where the economic performance was maximized.
A Sparse Basis POD for Model Reduction of Multiphase Compressible Flow
Authors: Krogstad S. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
We develop a sparse basis model-order reduction technique for approximation of flux/pressure fields based on local proper orthogonal decompositions (PODs) glued together using the Multiscale Mixed FEM (MsMFEM) framework on a coarse grid. Based on snapshots from one or more simulation run, we perform singular value decompositions (SVDs) for the flux distribution over coarse grid interfaces and use the singular vectors corresponding the largest singular values as boundary conditions for the multiscale flux basis functions. The span of these basis functions matches (to prescribed accuracy) the span of the snapshots over coarse grid faces. Accordingly, the complementary span (what's left) can be approximated by local PODs on each coarse block giving a second set of local/sparse basis functions. The reduced system unknowns corresponding to the second set of basis functions can be eliminated to keep the system size low.
To assess the accuracy, we apply the methodology to two test problems (including compressibility and gravity) and compare to results obtained from full order simulations. The methodology produces accurate results for a large variation of coarse grids, but we do observe that a large number of basis vectors are needed where the flow is strongly dominated by gravity.
Compared to standard POD, the suggested sparse version results in a larger number of basis functions, but requires overall less storage. Also the sparse POD appears to be more process independent. An additional benefit is that SVDs are performed on multiple small matrices rather than on one big.
Counter-Current Relative Permeability and CO2 Injection into Saline Aquifers
Authors: Javaheri Mohammad , Jessen Kristian 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into saline aquifers is one of the promising options to sequester large amounts of CO2 in geological formations. During as well as after injection of CO2 into an aquifer, CO2 migrates towards the top of the formation due to density differences between the formation brine and the injected CO2. The timescales of CO2 migration towards the top of an aquifer and the fraction of CO2 that is trapped as residual gas depends strongly on the driving forces acting on the injected CO2.
When CO2 migrates to the top of an aquifer, brine may be displaced downwards in a counter-current flow setting particularly during the injection period. A majority of the published work on counter-current flow settings have reported significant reductions in the associated relative permeability functions as compared to co-current measurements. However, this phenomenon has not yet been considered in the simulation of CO2 storage into saline aquifers.
In this paper we study the impact of changes in mobility for the two-phase brine/CO2 system as a result of transitions between co- and counter-current flow settings. We have included this effect in a simulator and studied the impact of the related mobility reduction on the saturation distribution and residual saturation of CO2 in aquifers over relevant time scales. We demonstrate that the reduction in relative permeability in the vertical direction changes the plume migration pattern and has an impact on the amount of gas that is trapped as a function of time. This is to our best knowledge the first attempt to integrate counter-current relative permeability into the simulation of injection and subsequent migration of CO2 in aquifers. The results and analysis presented in this paper are directly relevant to all ongoing activities related to the design of large-scale CO2 storage in saline aquifers.
Psychometric Properties of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gonder-Frederick Linda A. , Schmidt Karen M. , Vajda Karen A. , Greear Megan L. , Singh Harsimran , Shepard Jaclyn A. , Cox Daniel J. 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
To perform the first comprehensive psychometric evaluation of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II (HFS-II), a measure of the behavioral and affective dimensions of fear of hypoglycemia, using modern test-theory methods, including item-response theory (IRT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Surveys completed in four previous studies by 777 adults with type 1 diabetes were aggregated for analysis, with 289 subjects completing both subscales of the HFS-II and 488 subjects completing only the Worry subscale. The aggregated sample (53.3% female, 44.4% using insulin pumps) had a mean age of 41.9 years, diabetes duration of 23.8 years, HbA1c value of 7.7%, and 1.4 severe hypoglycemic episodes in the past year. Data analysis included exploratory factor analysis using polychoric correlations and IRT. Factors were analyzed for fit, trait-level locations, point-measure correlations, and separation values.

RESULTS
Internal and test-retest reliability was good, as well as convergent validity, as demonstrated by significant correlations with other measures of psychological distress. Scores were significantly higher in subjects who had experienced severe hypoglycemia in the past year. Factor analyses validated the two subscales of the HFS-II. Item analyses showed that 12 of 15 items on the Behavior subscale, and all of the items on the Worry subscale had good-fit statistics.

CONCLUSIONS
The HFS-II is a reliable and valid measure of the fear of hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes, and factor analyses and IRT support the two separate subscales of the survey.
Metabolic Syndrome and Onset of Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly
Authors: Akbaraly Tasnime N. , Ancelin Marie-Laure , Jaussent Isabelle , Ritchie Craig , Barberger-Gateau Pascale , Dufouil Carole , Kivimaki Mika , Berr Claudine , Ritchie Karen 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
Given the increasing prevalence of both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and depressive symptoms during old age, we aimed to examine prospectively the association between MetS and the onset of depressive symptoms according to different age-groups in a large, general elderly population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a prospective cohort study of 4,446 men and women aged 65–91 years who were free of depression or depressive symptoms at baseline (the Three-City Study, France). MetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. New onset of depressive symptoms (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score ≥16 and use of antidepressant treatment) was assessed at 2- and 4-year follow-ups.

RESULTS
After adjusting for a large range of potential confounders, we observed MetS to be associated with 1.73-fold (95% CI 1.02–2.95) odds for new-onset depressive symptoms in the youngest age-group (65–70 years at baseline), independently of cardiovascular diseases. No such association was seen in older age-groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the link between MetS and depressive symptoms evidenced until now in middle-aged people can be extended to older adults but not to the oldest ones. Additional research is needed to examine if a better management of MetS prevents depressive symptoms in people aged 65–70 years.
The Chorionic Sculpture of the Eggs of Some Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: Dolinskaya I. 
Published: February 2011

The Chorionic Sculpture of the Eggs of Some Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)Eggs of sixteen species of fifteen genera of the subfamily Xyleninae occurring in Ukraine are described and illustrated with scanning electron microphotographs. The diagnostic characters of the genera and species are se-lected.
A Myrmecophilous Mite Myrmozercon Tauricus Sp. N. of the Family Laelapidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Ukraine
Authors: Trach V. , Khaustov A. 
Published: February 2011

A Myrmecophilous Mite Myrmozercon Tauricus Sp. N. of the Family Laelapidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Ukraine
A laelapid mite Myrmozercon tauricus Trach et Khaustov, sp. n. collected from nests of ants Crematogaster schmidti (Mayr, 1853) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Crimea (Ukraine) is described. The genus Myrmozercon Berlese, 1902 is recorded in Ukraine for the first time.
Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Sites of the Central Podolia (Ukraine)
Authors: Godlevska O. , Ghazali M. , Tyshchenko V. , Drebet M. , Martynjuk V. 
Published: February 2011

Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Sites of the Central Podolia (Ukraine)In February 2009 a full bat census in GMN- and IVK-mines (Khmelnytsky Oblast) was done. In total, 4801 individuals of 10 species were counted: 2438 of 7 sp. in GMN-mines and 2364 of 9 sp. in IVK-mines. The carried work is the first experience of a full bat census in considerable by length underground systems (29 and 11 km correspondingly) in Ukraine. Examination of GMN-mines took 77,5 man-hours; IVK-mines, ca. 50 man-hours. The obtained results will be at a base of the further bat monitoring in these two sites.
The Relationship Between Teachers' Evaluations and Students' Learning Outcomes Using Multimedia Drills in Primary Education
Authors: Luik Piret 
Published: February 2011

The Relationship Between Teachers' Evaluations and Students' Learning Outcomes Using Multimedia Drills in Primary EducationThe present study highlights the implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) in education via the use of many educational software programs from the Internet, which every teacher can use with their students. Some learning materials are produced by individuals who are not aware of the pedagogical principles and do not know how to produce effective educational software. Therefore, the question arises: Are the teachers competent in choosing multimedia learning materials? And if they compose multimedia learning materials by themselves, are they aware of the features of multimedia which are effective or which hinder learning? The study was carried out to seek answers to these questions and find out the relationships between the teachers' evaluation of software used and the learning outcomes by students in primary education. The results are based on a correlation study where 34 multimedia drills and practice materials were used for learning. Each multimedia drill was evaluated by ten primary teachers, who had used these drills with their students and saw how the students managed with each particular drill. The evaluations by the teachers were gathered by means of questionnaires, using a 10-point scale covering 17 aspects of the drills. Each drill was used by 80 students of the 3rdform from the same schools. The learning outcomes provided by the students were evaluated by pre- and post-tests. The results of the study imply that the teachers were not able to recognise efficient multimedia learning materials.
Maltese Youth and the Environment: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mifsud Mark 
Published: February 2011

Maltese Youth and the Environment: A Qualitative StudyThe present study attempted to highlight the main processes of the acquisition and development of various environmental perspectives and puts forward suggestions on how youth can be better addressed in the light of the research findings. The present paper involved the use of a number of focus groups and a contextual study that examined the development of environmental education on the Maltese islands, considered the main local environmental issues and subsequently analysed the main causes and mechanisms that have shaped the development of the local environment and the Maltese people. The present research identifies a number of geographic and socio economic trends which have a strong impact on young people's knowledge. The results indicate relatively low positive behaviour towards the environment, and the main issue appears to be what is seen as the ‘costs’ involved in performing such pro-environmental actions. A pervasive sense of futility in environmental actions emerged with issues relating to the Maltese government and politics being the main reasons for this feeling. An environmental perspectives model was designed employing the technique of graphical display. The model illustrates how young people perceive the future of the Maltese environment through three Cartesian axes.
Soil development and soil biology on King George Island, Maritime Antarctic
Authors: Bölter Manfred 
Published: February 2011

Soil development and soil biology on King George Island, Maritime AntarcticThis review covers aspects of soil science and soil biology of Antarctica with special focus on King George Island, South Shetlands, the martitime Antarctic. New approaches in soil descriptions and soil taxonomy show a great variety of soil types, related to different parent material, mainly volcanic origin, as well as on influences by soil biological processes. The spread of higher rooting plants attract microorganisms, nematodes and collemboles which in turn build new organic material and change the environment for further successors. Microbial communities are drivers with respect to metabolic and physiological properties indicating a great potential in a changing environment. The literature review also shows a lack of investigations on processes of carbon and nitrogen turnover, despite wide knowledge on its standing stock in different environments. Further, only few reports were found on the processes of humification. Only few data are available which can be regarded as long term monitorings, hence, such projects need to be established in order to follow ecological changes.
Excavations at Macewen's Castle, Argyll, in 1968–69
Authors: Marshall Dorothy N 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThe site is a fortified promontory on the W shore of Loch Fyne. Traces of a wooden palisade and huts were found under the rubble-cored stone rampart. The rampart, for which a C-14 date in the 16th century ad was obtained, was fired and partly vitrified, suggesting that it had been strengthened internally with timber. After a period of abandonment the wall was re-fortified, then abandoned again. Later dwellings may have been inhabited as late as the 17th century. A 12th century crucifix is the most important find and will be described in a later article.
Trial excavations on Pictish and Viking settlements at Saevar Howe, Birsay, Orkney
Authors: Hedges J W 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThis mound was excavated by James Farrer in 1862 and 1867 and, although many finds were recovered, the primitive methods employed did not allow a satisfactory interpretation of the site to be formed. A long cist cemetery was discovered, and an iron bell recovered from it. Fresh excavations took place in 1977 and, although not completed, showed, with the help of stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates, that a Viking settlement overlay a Pictish one. The cemetery found in the 19th century is assigned to the Viking period. The finds from all the excavations are catalogued and described, and analyses of the faunal, floral and mineral remains presented.
Excavations at Glasgow Cathedral: A Preliminary Report on the Archaeological Discoveries made in 1992-93
Authors: Driscoll Stephen T. 
Published: February 2011

Summary Extensive archaeological excavations were conducted in advance of the installation of a new healing and electrical system for the Cathedral. Trenches were located where new ducts were to be installed below the floor in the Nave, the Choir, the Crypt and the Session Room. These trenches produced evidence for both of the documented 12th century cathedrals which preceded the existing building. The early cathedrals were represented by in situ masonry and decorated fragments of masonry which had been re-used in the thirteenth century works. Traces of activity pre-dating the 13th century were discovered in the west end of the Nave and structural evidence for the internal divisions of the post-Reformation use of the Nave was also recovered. Burials and stray human bones were found in the trenches dug in the Crypt and the Nave. In total 77 burials were excavated, most of which can be reasonably well dated. In the Nave, evidence for burial pre-dating the 12th century cathedral was recovered and it could be seen thai burials were made at sporadic intervals until the 19th century. Apart from the architectural fragments and coffin fittings, finds were scarce. The most significant artefactual discovery consisted of two massive medieval bronze mortars and an iron pestle which had been deposited in a pit in the Crypt, probably during the Reformation.
The excavation of a disused military road at Buchlyvie, Central Region.
Authors: Page R. , Page C. 
Published: February 2011

Summary Excavation of a road suspected to be Roman revealed a massive foundation surmounted by a flimsy upper road that had been little used except for cart traffic. The road was apparently part of the Stirling to Dumbarton military road, constructed between 1771 and 1780, one ofthe last military roads built in Scotland.
Miller's Gardeners dictionary and its abridgement
Authors: STEARN WILLIAM T. 
Published: February 2011

SYNOPSIS Philip Miller's Gardeners dictionary abridged, fourth edition (published 28 January 1754) remains nomenclaturally important for its valid publication of numerous pre-Linnaean generic names suppressed by Linnaeus in 1753 but now accepted. Miller's generic concept was derived from Tournefort, who, as he explained in 1700, recognized genera of first rank based on floral and fruiting characters and genera of second rank based on vegetative characters, whereas Linnaeus recognized only first rank genera and hence had a much broader generic concept than Tournefort and Miller, who was much more conservative in outlook. At the age of 77 Miller at last adopted consistent Linnaean binomial nomenclature for species. In his Gardeners dictionary, 8th edition (published 16 April 1768), the first edition with binomial nomenclature, he named many species from Europe, South Africa, Central America, and the West Indies unknown to Linnaeus or not distinguished by him. The following paper deals with the history and purpose of Miller's works and lists many names to be attributed to him. Herbarium material from plants grown in the Chelsea Physic Garden in Miller's time and typifying some of these names is preserved in the British Museum (Natural History), London. From Miller's Dictionary there arose in direct succession a series of encyclopaedic horticultural works culminating in the Royal Horticultural Society's Dictionary of gardening (1951), of which the history is here summarised.
John Woodward, Hans Sloane, and Johann Gaspar Scheuchzer: some further information
Authors: TJADEN W. L. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARY A letter written by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672-1733) to William Sherard (1659-1728) recommending his son, and letters by John Henry Ott (1693-1743) to the son, are added to the account by Melvin Jahn (J. Soc. Biblphy nat. Hist. (1974) 7 (1): 19-27).
Specimens of the botany of New Holland — aspects of European botanical observations and discoveries made in Australia prior to 1770
Authors: NELSON E. CHARLES 
Published: February 2011

The earliest recorded European visit to Australia occurred in 1606, when a Dutch vessel sailed along the western coast of the Cape York Peninsula in north-eastern Australia. In 1616 another Dutch vessel happened upon part of the west coast of the continent, and in the following decade several other Dutch ships accidentally came upon these western and north-western coasts of New Holland. In 1627 the south coast was explored by Dutch mariners as far as the Nuyts Islands. In 1642—43 Tasman discovered Van Dieman's Land (Tasmania) and New Zealand, and in 1644 he completed the discovery of the northern coast of New Holland. In the following century, Dutch, English and French vessels visited the known parts of New Holland, without making further substantial discoveries. Some of these discoverers and early explorers recorded their impressions of the Australian environment, and described the vegetation, some of the plants and many animals, albeit generally and in European terms. Abel Tasman recorded that his men collected plant specimens in Tasmania in December 1642. In 1697, plants and animals were collected in western New Holland when an expedition under Willem de Vlamingh visited the Swan River: some extant herbarium specimens almost certainly are the remnants of this collection. One year later William Dampier made a collection in the Shark Bay area, from which about 20 specimens are extant. Dampier also described plants in his accounts of the voyages he made to New Holland. As early as 1768 endemic Australian plants received "Linnaen epithets" unwittingly. The "pre-Cook" visitors considered New Holland a barren and harsh place, unsuited for settlement or commercial exploitation. However, they did bring back to Europe botanical information, and in some cases plant specimens, though few of these have survived. From statements published at the beginning of the 18th century in a Dutch text it seems that there was more information available, at least in Holland, about Australasian botany than has been supposed, and perhaps many plant specimens. This knowledge appears to have been overlooked in later decades, and then almost forgotten.