bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Hemostasis Model for Teaching Ovariohysterectomy in Veterinary Surgery
Authors: Griffon Dominique J. , Cronin Paul , Kirby Barbara , Cottrell David F. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To evaluate the efficacy of a reusable plastic model mimicking the anatomy and hemodynamics of the canine female genital tract for teaching basic surgical skills and ovariohysterectomy.Sample population—40 veterinary students of the class of 1998.Study design—Prospective study.Methods—Students'confidence level and experience in private practice was evaluated via questionnaire before training. Students in 2 groups performed an ovariohysterectomy on cadavers (group C,n= 20) or on the model (Group M,n= 20) for 2 hours. Students' psychomotor and basic surgical skills were objectively assessed by the following tests: ligation of a foam cylinder, passing a needle through the eyelets of an electronic suture board, and ligating latex tubing. Results were compared before and after training and within and between groups. The ability of students to perform an ovariohysterectomy in a live dog after training was compared between groups with a scoring system.Results—Students in both groups had similar surgical experience and basic skills before training. The results of the psychomotor and basic surgical skills tests were better in group M after training than group C. The improvement of each student in performing these tasks also increased when students were trained with the model. Scores assigned to students performing an ovariohysterectomy in a live dog were higher in group M (31.45 ± 1.15) than in group C (20.7 ± 1.42).Conclusion—The model was more effective than cadavers in teaching basic surgical skills and ovariohysterectomy in dogs.
Use of Atropine to Reduce Mucosal Eversion During Intestinal Resection and Anastomosis in the Dog
Authors: Agrodnia Marta , Hauptman Joe , Walshaw Richard 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To determine whether atropine altered the degree of mucosal eversion during jejunal resection and anastomosis in the dog.Study Design—Part I: Prospective, blinded, randomized, controlled study using a therapeutic dose (0.04 mg/kg systemic) of atropine. Part II: Prospective, unblinded, assigned, controlled study using a pharmacologic (0.04 mg/kg local arterial) dose of atropine.Animals—Part I: Twenty‐two young adult female Beagle dogs used during a nonsurvival third‐year veterinary student surgical laboratory (small intestinal resection and anastomosis). Part II: Ten young adult female Beagle dogs used immediately after completion of a nonsurvival third‐year veterinary student orthopedic surgical laboratory.Methods—Part I: Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either atropine (0.04 mg/kg), or an equal volume of saline, given intramuscularly (premedication) and again intravenously prior to intestinal resection. Part II: In each dog, atropine (0.04 mg/kg)/saline was alternately given in the proximal/distal jejunum.Results—Part I: There was no clinically or statistically significant difference between systemic atropine and saline solution on the degree of jejunal mucosal eversion after resection. Part II: There was a statistically significant decrease in jejunal mucosal eversion with atropine compared with saline solution when injected into a local jejunal artery.Conclusion—Systemic atropine (0.04 mg/kg) does not alter the degree of jejunal mucosal eversion during resection and anastomosis. Jejunal intraarterial atropine (0.04 mg/kg) reduced jejunal mucosal eversion during resection and anastomosis.Clinical Relevance—The clinical usefulness and consequences of jejunal arterial atropine administration to reduce mucosal eversion remain to be determined.
Biomechanical Comparison of a Circular External Skeletal Fixator Construct to Pin and Tension Band Wire Fixation for the Stabilization of Olecranon Osteotomies in Dogs: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Halling Krista B. , Lewis Daniel D. , Cross Alan R. , Sammy Richard J. , Rapoff Andrew J. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To compare anatomic reduction and the biomechanical properties of a circular external skeletal fixator (CESF) construct to pin and tension band wire (PTBW) fixation for the stabilization of olecranon osteotomies in dogs.Study Design—Cadaveric study.Animals—Forelimbs from 12 skeletally mature mixed‐breed dogs, weighing 23 to 28 kg.Methods—An olecranon osteotomy was stabilized with either a CESF construct or PTBW fixation. A single distractive load to failure was applied to each specimen through the triceps tendon. Osteotomy reduction and biomechanical properties were compared between fixation groups.Results—Reduction was not significantly different (gap:P= .171; malalignment:P= .558) between fixation groups. Osteotomies stabilized with the CESF had greater stiffness (P< .0001) and maximum load sustained (P< .0001) compared to PTBW fixation. There was no significant difference for yield load (P= .318) or for load at 1 mm of axial displacement (P= .997) between fixation groups. Failure of fixation occurred by bending of the intramedullary Steinmann pin and the fixation wires in the CESF specimens and by untwisting of the tension band wire knot with pullout and bending of the Kirschner wires in the PTBW specimens.Conclusions—Specimens stabilized with the CESF construct had similar reduction and yield load, greater stiffness and maximum load sustained, and less elastic deformation than specimens stabilized with PTBW fixation.Clinical Relevance—The CESF construct may provide a biomechanically favorable alternative to PTBW fixation for stabilization of olecranon osteotomies in dogs, and its application warrants clinical investigation.
Sodium Nitroprusside‐Induced Deliberate Hypotension to Facilitate Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation in Dogs
Authors: Hunter Suzanne L. , Culp Lindsey B. , Muir William W. , Lerche Phillip , Birchard Stephen J. , Smeak Daniel D. , McLoughlin Mary A. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To report the use of sodium nitroprusside to induce deliberate hypotension to reduce hemorrhage and facilitate surgical ligation of complicated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in dogs.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Six dogs.Methods—Hemorrhage occurred during surgical ligation of PDA in 5 dogs. Surgical dissection and isolation of the PDA were very difficult in a sixth dog that was considered to be at increased risk for ductus rupture. Sodium nitroprusside (5 to 25 μg/kg/min intravenously) was administered to these 6 dogs to induce hypotension to reduce blood loss and facilitate surgical ligation of the PDA.Results—Sodium nitroprusside infusion reduced blood pressure (mean arterial pressure, 45 to 60 mm Hg) within 5 to 10 minutes and hemorrhage from the PDA, facilitating its surgical ligation. Recovery from surgery and anesthesia was uneventful in all 6 dogs.Conclusions—Sodium nitroprusside infusion can be used to induce deliberate hypotension in dogs to facilitate surgical ligation of PDA.Clinical Relevance—Sodium nitroprusside infusion produces hypotension within 5 to 10 minutes and is easy to control, rapidly abates, and should help to facilitate surgical ligation of PDA.
Monopolar versus bipolar electrocoagulation in canine laparoscopic ovariectomy: A nonrandomized, prospective, clinical trial
Authors: Van Goethem Bart E. B. J. , Rosenveldt Karin W. , Kirpensteijn Jolle 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To compare the effect of using monopolar (MEC) or bipolar electrocoagulation (BEC) on surgical time for laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs and to evaluate the influence of age, weight and obesity, and estrus or pseudopregnancy on surgical time.Study Design—Prospective, nonrandomized, clinical trial.Animals—One hundred three female dogs.Methods—Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed with MEC or BEC by 1 surgeon using a standard protocol. Surgical time was recorded for the different procedural stages and was statistically evaluated for differences between MEC and BEC (χ2, Studentttest, and ANOVA). The influence of significant variables was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.Results—Mean surgical time was 47 minutes (range, 27 to 110 minutes). With BEC, surgical time was significantly shorter (41 minutes;P< .001) than with MEC (53 minutes). Obesity (56vs.42 minutes;P< .001) and intraoperative mesovarial bleeding (56vs.46 minutes;P= .03) increased surgical time. Dog age, estrus, and pseudopregnancy did not significantly influence surgical time.Conclusions—BEC decreased laparoscopic ovariectomy time, decreased intraoperative hemorrhage, and, with the technique used, facilitated exteriorization of the ovaries.Clinical Relevance—Laparoscopic ovariectomy can be performed more rapidly when using BEC instead of MEC and with less risk of mesovarial hemorrhage.
Scapulohumeral arthrodesis in miniature horses
Authors: Semevolos Stacy A. , Watkins Jeffrey P. , Auer Jörg A. 
Published: October 2010

Objectives—To describe surgical arthrodesis of the scapulohumeral joint and to evaluate its efficacy in reducing morbidity associated with severe shoulder dysfunction in miniature horses.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Four miniature horses.Methods—Medical records and radiographs were reviewed for history, physical examination findings, lameness evaluation, radiographic evaluation, surgical techniques, postoperative complications, and outcome. A 10‐ or 11‐hole, 4.5‐mm narrow dynamic compression plate and 4.5‐mm cortical screws were applied to the cranial surface of the scapula and cranial surface of the humerus after osteotomy of the intermediate tubercle. In most horses, 1 or 2 screws were inserted in lag fashion across the joint, through holes in the plate.Results—Scapulohumeral osteoarthritis was diagnosed radiographically in 4 horses, and 3 horses had concurrent shoulder luxation or subluxation. All horses had grade 3 or 4 lameness before surgery, and most improved by 1 to 2 grades after surgery. Despite complications of implant failure (2 horses), infection (2 horses), scapular fracture (1 horse), and atrophy of the shoulder muscles (1 horse), functional arthrodesis reduced morbidity in all horses.Conclusions—Scapulohumeral arthrodesis facilitates early return to weight bearing in miniature horses with severe scapulohumeral joint osteoarthrosis. Despite functional gait abnormality, the horses ambulated quite well after surgery.Clinical Relevance—Scapulohumeral arthrodesis should be considered for debilitating conditions of the shoulder joint in miniature horses, especially when the intended outcome is breeding or pasture soundness.
Traumatic atlanto‐occipital luxation in a dog: Associated hypoglossal nerve deficits and use of 3‐dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Steffen Frank , Flueckiger Mark , Montavon Pierre M. 
Published: October 2010

Objective— To present a detailed description of a dog with atlanto‐occipital (A–O) luxation, including results of the neurologic examination, diagnostic imaging, and treatment by closed reduction.Study Design— Clinical case report.Sample Population— One adult intact male German shepherd dog.Results— Neurologic signs included nonambulatory tetraparesis and neck pain. An apparent hypoglossal nerve deficit was consistent with a lesion at the peripheral part of the nerve in the region of the craniocervical junction. Radiographic examination revealed a left‐sided luxation of the A–O joint, and fractures were excluded with the aid of computed tomography (CT). Closed reduction of the luxated articulation resulted in a stable A–O joint, and complete neurologic recovery occurred within 4 weeks.Conclusions— Hypoglossal nerve deficits may be associated with A–O luxation.Clinical Relevance— Closed reduction of a unilateral, traumatic luxation of the A–O joint is a therapeutic option in dogs. CT imaging, especially 3‐dimensional reconstruction, was considered helpful in excluding fractures as well as defining treatment options.
In vitro comparison of equine cancellous bone graft donor sites and tibial periosteum as sources of viable osteoprogenitors
Authors: McDuffee Laurie A. , Anderson Gail I. 
Published: October 2010

Objective— To compare the osteogenic potential of cancellous bone of conventional graft sites with that of one nonconventional site (fourth coccygeal vertebra) and to investigate the tibial periosteum as a donor site with respect to osteogenic potential.Study Design— In vitro osteogenic cell culture system.Sample Population— Eight adult horses.Methods— Cancellous bone or tibial periosteum was aseptically collected and cut into bone chips or periosteal strips of 1 to 2 mm3 for primary explant cultures. After 2 weeks, primary tissue cultures that yielded a population of osteogenic cells were counted and subcultured at 1 × 105 cells/35‐mm dish in osteogenic media. After 7 to 10 days, subcultures were stained with Von Kossa (VK) to assess mineralized bone nodule formation. VK‐positive bone nodules were counted as osteoprogenitors and compared among 3 donor sites, which provided consistent primary osteogenic cells (tuber coxae, fourth coccygeal vertebra, periosteum) using ANOVA (P < .05).Results— Sternal and tibial bone yielded viable osteogenic cells from 25% and 50% of horses, respectively, whereas yields from tuber coxae, coccygeal vertebra, and periosteum were 75%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Tuber coxae and periosteum had significantly greater numbers of osteoprogenitors compared with fourth coccygeal vertebra.Conclusions— Among the conventional donor sites, tuber coxae most consistently yielded viable osteogenic cells with an acceptable percentage of osteoprogenitors. Sternal and tibial sites were unreliable in providing osteogenic cells. Two new donor sites, the fourth coccygeal vertebra and tibial periosteum, were tissues with good osteogenic potential.Clinical Relevance— When a source of transplantable viable osteoprogenitor cells is desired, use of the tuber coxae as a conventional donor site is warranted. Use of tibial periosteum or fourth coccygeal vertebra as reliable sources of transplantable osteoprogenitors should be considered.
A Gap Hazard Analysis: Initiating Policy Development with Mountainous Communities
Authors: Strickert G. , Smarasinghe S. , Doscher C. , Davies T. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTWe present a conceptual framework and methodology for policy development research in complex, uncertain, and data-poor environments with the objective of sustainable hazard mitigation. Creating effective policies for improving resilience to natural catastrophes in general and developing policy initiatives to help manage earthquakes in particular requires a conceptual framework whose formulation should engage lay-experts and experts as essential members of the research process. This paper outlines a framework and applied case study as a starting point for identifying policies that increase resilience to earthquakes or other low probability high consequences events. The methodology integrates geomorphic assessments, qualitative interviews, and fuzzy cognitive maps with three stakeholder groups for simulating policies scenarios. The results indicate that an integrated gap hazard analysis embedded in a policy framework for increasing resilience to earthquakes in New Zealand ski areas does identify ‘gaps’ in stakeholders' hazard perceptions and awareness. Furthermore, the framework is a useful first step toward policy development for hazards beyond current horizons.
Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Epicardial Lead Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for the Dilated Cardiomyopathy Heart Failure Cases
Authors: Zhang Hai-Bo , Meng Xu , Han Jie , Li Yan , Zeng Ya-Ping , Zhang Ye 
Published: October 2010

Objective Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with biventricular pacing has demonstrated cardiac function improvement in treating congestive heart failure. Traditional CRT through coronary sinus lead method is difficult to perform. Minimally invasive video-assisted epicardial lead (Epi-lead) CRT for the dilated cardiomyopathy heart failure cases was explored. Methods From April 2007 to June 2009, a total of 12 patients (age, 63 ± 9 years) with depressed systolic left ventricular (LV) function (ejection fraction, <35%), left bundle branch block (mean QRS [Q wave, R wave, S wave], 158 ± 15 milliseconds), and congestive heart failure of New York Heart Association class III/IV were enrolled. The patients received minimally invasive video-assisted epicardial steroid-eluting LV lead implantation for the CRT. The right atrial and right ventricle leads were implanted, guided by x-ray. The mean follow-up time was 13.7 months (range, 7–27 months). Results All patients received LV lead implantation at the most late-activated site. The mean QRS duration decreased significantly from 158 ± 15 to 124 ± 11 milliseconds (P < 0.05). There was no surgical or hospital mortality in the entire series. The mean procedure duration (skin to skin) of the LV lead implantation was 52.4 ± 15.8 minutes. The mean postoperative stay was 7.1 ± 2.7 days. During the follow-up, cardiac function improved significantly in 11 patients. Threshold capture of the Epi-leads remained stable at 1.12 ± 0.3 V/0.5 ms during the follow-up. None died during the follow-up. Conclusions Surgical Epi-lead placement for the resynchronization therapy is a safe and reliable technique and should be considered as an equal alternative.
Dependence of recruitment on parent stock of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, in Florida
Authors: EHRHARDT NELSON M. , FITCHETT MARK D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDespite management practices to achieve sustainability, commercial landings for Florida spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) have experienced a drastic decline (57%) since 2000. This is cause for concern not only for economic reasons, but for issues of sustainability. An annual index of P. argus post‐larval (puerulus) abundance, estimated with a generalized linear model with significant mean sea‐level effects, shows a 36% decrease in annual puerulus supply since 1988. In addition, local Florida spawning stock biomass estimated from an age‐structured sequential population analysis decreased 57% since 1988. Puerulus abundance follows a highly correlated (R = 0.76) trend with a 12‐month delayed spawning stock abundance, which supports the contention that the Florida spawning population is a significant contributing factor to post‐larval recruitment in Florida. Residuals about the puerulus on spawning stock abundance function follow closely an interannual North Atlantic Oscillation Index signal. This residual effect is thought of as a secondary regional population effect on Florida puerulus recruitment. The Florida spiny lobster stock is exploited with no fishing mortality controls due to the Pan Caribbean recruitment concept adopted in Florida spiny lobster management. Therefore, the potential of recruitment overfishing exists if fishing mortality controls to protect local spawning stock abundance, such as catch quotas, are not introduced.
Ocean scale hypoxia‐based habitat compression of Atlantic istiophorid billfishes
Authors: PRINCE ERIC D. , LUO JIANGANG , PHILLIP GOODYEAR C. , HOOLIHAN JOHN P. , SNODGRASS DERKE , ORBESEN ERIC S. , SERAFY JOSEPH E. , ORTIZ MAURICIO , SCHIRRIPA MICHAEL J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOxygen minimum zones (OMZs) below near‐surface optimums in the eastern tropical seas are among the largest contiguous areas of naturally occurring hypoxia in the world oceans, and are predicted to expand and shoal with global warming. In the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP), the surface mixed layer is defined by a shallow thermocline above a barrier of cold hypoxic water, where dissolved oxygen levels are ≤3.5 mL L−1. This thermocline (∼25–50 m) constitutes a lower hypoxic habitat boundary for high oxygen demand tropical pelagic billfish and tunas (i.e., habitat compression). To evaluate similar oceanographic conditions found in the eastern tropical Atlantic (ETA), we compared vertical habitat use of 32 sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and 47 blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) monitored with pop‐up satellite archival tags in the ETA and western North Atlantic (WNA). Both species spent significantly greater proportions of their time in near‐surface waters when inside the ETA than when in the WNA. We contend that the near‐surface density of billfish and tunas increases as a consequence of the ETA OMZ, therefore increasing their vulnerability to overexploitation by surface gears. Because the ETA OMZ encompasses nearly all Atlantic equatorial waters, the potential impacts of overexploitation are a concern. Considering the obvious differences in catchability inside and outside the compression zones, it seems essential to standardize these catch rates separately to minimize inaccuracies in stock assessments for these species. This is especially true in light of global warming, which will likely exacerbate future compression impacts.
Measuring copepod abundance in deep‐water winter habitats in the NE Norwegian Sea: intercomparison of results from laser optical plankton counter and multinet
Authors: GAARDSTED FRANK , TANDE KURT S. , BASEDOW SÜNNJE L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of the laser optical plankton counter (LOPC) as a Calanus finmarchicus monitoring tool in the NE Norwegian Sea in winter. To test this, a multinet and an LOPC were used simultaneously to sample overwintering copepods in the Lofoten basin in January 2007. Additional data from an LOPC laboratory experiment were also analyzed to help the interpretation of the field data. Both the laboratory data and the field data indicated that the presence of particles other than zooplankton generally contaminated the zooplankton signal in the LOPC data. However, reliable abundance estimates could be made from the LOPC data by choosing an appropriate size range in the LOPC size distribution. This size range was determined by comparing LOPC abundance estimates from systematically varying size ranges to multinet zooplankton abundance data. The average difference was smallest for a size range of about 900–1500 μm. As C. finmarchicus, stages IV and V, was by far the most abundant species in the NE Norwegian Sea, abundance estimates from the LOPC in this size range were in practice estimates of C. finmarchicus abundance, making the LOPC suitable as a tool for providing high resolution winter data in the NE Norwegian Sea.
Meridional patterns in the deep scattering layers and top predator distribution in the central equatorial Pacific
Authors: HAZEN ELLIOTT L. , JOHNSTON DAVID W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe deep scattering layers (DSL) in the central equatorial Pacific form an important prey resource in a relatively oligotrophic habitat. In March of 2006, we used a calibrated 38‐kHz SIMRAD EK60 scientific sonar to assess the spatial distribution of the deep scattering layer relative to broad‐scale oceanographic features and fine‐scale physical and biological measurements. We conducted a single continuous transect from approximately 10°S to 20°N at 170°W while measuring acoustic backscatter, current velocity and direction, temperature, salinity, oxygen, and fluorescence with depth, coincident with marine mammal occurrence. These data were combined with remotely sensed sea surface height, chlorophyll, and sea surface temperature data to examine patterns in DSL distribution. To analyze DSL density with depth, acoustic backscatter was binned into surface (<200 m), mid (200–550 m) and deep (550–1000 m) layers. Backscatter was highly correlated with chlorophyll‐a and low sea surface height anomalies and was greatest near the equator. We found high diel variability in DSL depth and scattering intensity between the mid and surface layers as well as a shallowing of the deep layer moving northward across the equator. Marine mammal sightings consisted primarily of odontocetes with their distribution coincident with higher acoustic densities of their forage base. Shifts in DSL distribution and scattering intensity are an important component towards understanding the behavior and distribution of highly migratory predator species.