bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The political economy of paternalism
Authors: Konrad Kai A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSome citizens place a high value on making decisions for themselves. Other citizens are happy to delegate decisions to a government agency. Such differences in political attitudes to paternalism can be explained in a strict rational-choice model with citizens’ heterogeneous tastes in the economic sphere. Citizens with more eccentric tastes and with high decision-making abilities tend to favor a libertarian regime. If majority preferences matter, heterogeneity in economic preferences and analytical abilities can also explain whether the political regime is more paternalist or more libertarian. As decision-making skills are a learnable capability, the strategic complementarity of individuals’ investments in analytical skills in the context of political regime outcomes suggests a feedback mechanism that can cause multiple expectations equilibria. Both a libertarian regime or a paternalist regime can emerge.
Secondary Ethnic Effects in the Transition to Higher Education in Germany and Their Explanations
Authors: Neumeyer Sebastian , Will Gisela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGiven their lower socioeconomic background and achievement, immigrants and their descendants have been shown to make more ambitious decisions regarding educational transitions. While previous research has extensively analysed transitions within and after compulsory education, research on late transitions is scarce. This study focuses on the secondary effect of ethnic origin in the transition after upper secondary education in Germany, where school leavers decide between vocational education and training and higher education. Based on longitudinal data from the National Educational Panel Study, we first analyse differences by ethnic origin (Turkey, former Soviet Union, Poland, other countries) and immigrant generation (first, second, third generation) net of socioeconomic background and achievement. Compared to those of the ethnic majority, we find increased probabilities of enrolment in higher education for most ethnic groups of the first and second immigrant generation, net of differences in socioeconomic background and achievement. Second, we test four explanatory approaches for secondary ethnic effects (immigrant optimism, relative status maintenance, anticipated discrimination, and information deficits). By employing decomposition analyses for nonlinear regression models, we find that, taken together, the four explanations account for up to half of the ethnic differences in educational choice after upper secondary education. Specifically, increased levels of immigrant optimism and information deficits regarding vocational education explain a substantial share of the ethnic differences among all origin groups. For Turkish immigrants, the motive to maintain relative status in the origin country also contributes to increased enrolment rates in higher education.
Supervision, presence and knowledge: clarifying ‘parental monitoring’ concepts within a model of goal-directed parental action
Authors: Hardie Beth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe presence of parents or other guardians (commonly termed ‘supervision’) and parental knowledge are factors that are both robustly negatively associated with a range of anti-social and risky behavioural outcomes such as adolescent crime. However, parental presence/supervision and parental knowledge are both (i) regularly used inaccurately as proxies for parental monitoring, (ii) poorly defined and operationalised, and (iii) rarely linked to negative behavioural outcomes with plausible mechanisms that adequately explain their association. These problematic aspects of the parental monitoring literature are a barrier to research into adolescent outcomes and the varied role of parents. This theoretical paper facilitates solutions these problems by clarifying the concepts of parental presence, supervision and knowledge. This discussion delineates presence from supervision and knowledge from monitoring. It specifies how presence and knowledge are not parenting actions, and neither constitute parental monitoring. These concepts are clarified within the parameters of a recent framework of goal-directed parental action and parental monitoring. Doing so constitutes under-labouring that facilitates future discovery of their distinct and yet inter-related mechanisms of influence on adolescent action and development. These structured conceptual developments are also of benefit for our better future understanding of parenting and parental monitoring by providing a framework within which to re-situate existing empirical research findings.
Challenges in Pharmacokinetic Modelling of [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate PET/CT Imaging in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Ruytenberg Thomas , Ciggaar Isabeau A. , Peters Inge T. A. , Noortman Wyanne A. , Dibbets-Schneider Petra , de Muynck Lysanne D. A. N. , Kuil Joeri , de Kroon Cornelis D. , Molenaar Tom J. M. , Helmerhorst Hendrik J. F. , Pereira Arias-Bouda Lenka M. , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Windhorst Albert D. , van Velden Floris H. P. , Gaarenstroom Katja N. , de Geus-Oei Lioe-Fee 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the pharmacokinetic properties of the [18F]fluoro-polyethylene glycol(PEG)-folate radiotracer in PET/CT imaging of patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Procedures
In five patients with advanced EOC (FIGO stage IIIB/IIIC, Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d’Obstétrique), a 90-min dynamic PET acquisition of the pelvis was performed directly after i.v. administration of 185 MBq [18F]fluoro-PEG6-folate. Arterial blood samples collected at nineteen timepoints were used to determine the plasma input function. A static volume of interest (VOI) for included tumor lesions was drawn manually on the PET images. Modelling was performed using PMOD software. Three different models (a 1-tissue compartment model (1T2k) and two 2-tissue compartment models, irreversible (2T3k) and reversible (2T4k)) were compared in goodness of fit with the time activity curves by means of the Akaike information criterion.

Results
The pharmacokinetic analysis in the pelvic area has proven to be much more challenging than expected. Only four out of 22 tumor lesions in five patients were considered suitable to perform modelling on. The remaining tumor lesions were inapt due to either low tracer uptake, small size, proximity to other [18F]fluoro-PEG6-folate -avid structures and/or displacement by abdominal organ motion in the dynamic scan. Data from the four analyzed tumor lesions suggest that the irreversible 2T3k may best describe the pharmacokinetics. All 22 lesions were immunohistochemically stained positive for the folate receptor alpha (FRα) after resection.

Conclusion
Performing pharmacokinetic analysis in the abdominal pelvic region is very challenging. This brief article describes the challenges and pitfalls in pharmacokinetic analysis of a tracer with high physiological accumulation in the intestines, in case of lesions of limited size in the abdominal pelvic area.
Telemedicine and Digital Health Solutions in Intrapartum and Postpartum Care
Authors: Stone Jordan S. , Hirshberg Adi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Telemedicine and digital health platforms are now integral to the way patients and clinicians interact with the health system. Application of these technologies in the antepartum context is well studied and accepted. The purpose of this review is to outline the state of telemedicine and digital health solutions in the intrapartum and postpartum period, understanding applications for labor and the months following delivery.

Recent Findings
Telemedicine can be used in the intrapartum period to assist with staffing shortages, remote assessment of intrapartum fetal heart tracings, and doula support. Application in the postpartum period includes but is not limited to remote blood pressure monitoring, lactation support, mental health screening and treatment, and substance use disorder.

Summary
Both telemedicine and digital health solutions aim to augment, not replace, care relationship during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum. Whether these tools advance intrapartum and postpartum care remains subject to the same contingencies present in other specialties and care contexts. Ongoing investment into the application and evaluation of telemedicine and digital health solutions throughout pregnancy should be prioritized.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing as a diagnostic tool in the clinical routine of an infectious diseases department: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kalbitz Sven , Ermisch Jörg , Kellner Nils , Nickel Olaf , Borte Stephan , Marx Kathrin , Lübbert Christoph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of circulating cell-free DNA from plasma is a hypothesis-independent broadband diagnostic method for identification of potential pathogens. So far, it has only been investigated in special risk populations (e.g. patients with neutropenic fever).

Purpose
To investigate the extent to which mNGS (DISQVER® platform) can be used in routine clinical practice.

Methods
We collected whole blood specimens for mNGS testing, blood cultures (BC), and pathogen-specific PCR diagnostics. Clinical data and pathogen diagnostics were retrospectively reviewed by an infectious disease expert panel regarding the adjustment of anti-infective therapy.

Results
In 55 selected patients (median age 53 years, 67% male) with heterogeneous diagnoses, a total of 66 different microorganisms and viruses were detected using mNGS (51% viruses, 38% bacteria, 8% fungi, 3% parasites). The overall positivity rate of mNGS was 53% (29/55). Fifty-two out of 66 (79%) potential pathogens detected by mNGS were found in patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency. The concordance rates of BC and pathogen-specific PCR diagnostics with mNGS testing were 14% (4/28) and 36% (10/28), respectively (p < 0.001). An additional bacterial pathogen (Streptococcus agalactiae) could only be detected by BC. Therapeutic consequences regarding anti-infective therapy were drawn from 23 pathogens (35% of detections), with 18 of these detections occurring in patients with immunodeficiency.

Conclusions
We conclude that mNGS is a useful diagnostic tool, but should only be performed selectively in addition to routine diagnostics of infectious diseases. The limited number of patients and the retrospective study design do not allow any further conclusions.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drug‒drug interactions in hospitalized older adults treated with direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Decaix Théodore , Kemache Kenza , Gay Pierre , Ketz Flora , Laprévote Olivier , Pautas Éric 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Polypharmacy is a frequent situation in older adults that increases the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), both pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are frequently prescribed in older adults, mainly because of the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF). DOACs are subject to cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)- and/or P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated PK DDIs and PD DDIs when co-administered with drugs that interfere with platelet function. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of DDIs involving DOACs in older adults and the associated risk factors at admission and discharge.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an acute geriatric unit between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2022, including patients over 75 years of age treated with DOACs at admission and/or discharge, for whom a comprehensive collection of co-medications was performed.

Results
From 909 hospitalizations collected, the prevalence of PK DDIs involving DOACs was 16.9% at admission and 20.7% at discharge, and the prevalence of PD DDIs was 20.7% at admission and 20.2% at discharge. Factors associated with DDIs were bleeding history [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.68], number of drugs > 6 (ORa 2.54, 95% CI 1.88–3.46) and reduced dose of DOACs (ORa 0.39, 95% CI 0.28–0.54) at admission and age > 87 years (ORa 0.74, 95% CI 0.55–0.99), number of drugs > 6 (ORa 2.01, 95% CI 1.48–2.72) and reduced dose of DOACs (ORa 0.41, 95% CI 0.30–0.57) at discharge.

Conclusion
This study provides an indication of the prevalence of DDIs as well as the profile of DDIs and patients treated with DOACs.
Comparative study of typical neural solvers in solving math word problems
Authors: He Bin , Yu Xinguo , Huang Litian , Meng Hao , Liang Guanghua , Chen Shengnan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a significant increase in the design of neural network models for solving math word problems (MWPs). These neural solvers have been designed with various architectures and evaluated on diverse datasets, posing challenges in fair and effective performance evaluation. This paper presents a comparative study of representative neural solvers, aiming to elucidate their technical features and performance variations in solving different types of MWPs. Firstly, an in-depth technical analysis is conducted from the initial deep neural solver DNS to the state-of-the-art GPT-4. To enhance the technical analysis, a unified framework is introduced, which comprises highly reusable modules decoupled from existing MWP solvers. Subsequently, a testbed is established to conveniently reproduce existing solvers and develop new solvers by combing these reusable modules, and finely regrouped datasets are provided to facilitate the comparative evaluation of the designed solvers. Then, comprehensive testing is conducted and detailed results for eight representative MWP solvers on five finely regrouped datasets are reported. The comparative analysis yields several key findings: (1) Pre-trained language model-based solvers demonstrate significant accuracy advantages across nearly all datasets, although they suffer from limitations in math equation calculation. (2) Models integrated with tree decoders exhibit strong performance in generating complex math equations. (3) Identifying and appropriately representing implicit knowledge hidden in problem texts is crucial for improving the accuracy of math equation generation. Finally, the paper also discusses the major technical challenges and potential research directions in this field. The insights gained from this analysis offer valuable guidance for future research, model development, and performance optimization in the field of math word problem solving.
Attractive Caregiving: Women’s Preference for Men that Care for Children and the Role of Nurturance Motivation and Menstrual Cycle Phase
Authors: Bos Peter A. , Spencer Hannah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnother person’s caring abilities, in addition to physical features, may affect the observed attractiveness of that person. Using two newly developed instruments, we tested whether women (N = 360) judge men as more attractive when they are depicted in interactions with children (picture task) or accompanied by information on caring behavior (vignette task). Furthermore, we tested if such an effect is moderated by the following personal factors: women’s nurturance motivation, having (a desire to have) a child, women’s menstrual cycle phase, and use of oral contraceptives. In the picture task, women rate men as more attractive when they are depicted in interaction with a child, and this effect was enhanced by women who have high nurturance motivation and women who have (a desire to have) a child. Although the vignette task did not show a main effect of caring behavior, there was an effect of the menstrual cycle phase, demonstrating increased overall attractiveness ratings around the time of ovulation. This study confirms that perceived caring abilities in men can influence attractiveness evaluations, but that this effect varies depending on women’s own caring tendencies and desire for children, and that also the menstrual cycle phase can affect evaluations of the opposite sex. These findings add to the increasing literature that attempts to provide a more nuanced understanding of the forces that shape decisions that can form some of the most important relations in human lives.
Examining the Effects of L2 Self-Guides on Chinese University EFL Learners’ Attitudes Towards Classroom Language Choice
Authors: Li Junlong , Tai Kevin W. H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSecond language (L2) learning motivation has been widely acknowledged as a crucial factor in the success of instructed L2 acquisition. However, the effects of L2 motivation on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ classroom language choice (CLC) are relatively under-explored based on a systematic theoretical framework. Recently, a growing trend towards bi/multilingualism has aroused controversy over the current English-only policy in Chinese EFL higher education. To inform a more motivating classroom language decision, this study, grounded on the framework of the L2 motivational self system (Dörnyei, 2009), aims to investigate learners’ attitudes towards the English-only approach and first language (L1) use in the EFL classroom and examine the effects of L2 self-guides on learners’ CLC attitudes. Following a mixed methods approach, an adapted questionnaire was distributed to 252 Chinese first-year undergraduate EFL learners. Follow-up semi-structured interviews were conducted among twenty respondents to seek further explanations for their responses. The descriptive, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between L2 self-guides and attitudes towards CLC. Through thematic coding, qualitative data were analysed to supplement quantitative results and explore the explanatory power of L2 self-guides on learners’ CLC attitudes. The findings reveal students’ general preference for the appropriate use of L1 and suggest that ideal L2 self and ought-to L2 self were correlated with and could positively predict learners’ attitudes towards English immersion as well as L1 use respectively. The different motivational characteristics of ideal and ought-to L2 selves identified in this study may inform education practitioners of a translanguaging pedagogical practice and call for a language policy-making and curriculum-planning process taking students’ motivational states along with CLC attitudes into thorough consideration.
Expansion Technique of Frequency Response Function Data and its Applications
Authors: Kim Sehee , An Jae-Hyoung , Eun Hee-Chng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents frequency response function (FRF) expansion techniques that minimize the difference between the analytical and predicted FRF matrices to satisfy the FRF constraints. The measured FRF relationships at a small number of locations were used as constraints. The expansion method is useful for estimating the rotational FRFs that are difficult to measure or apply using frequency-based substructuring (FBS) techniques. The validity of the proposed method, including the effects of external noise, was confirmed using numerical examples. An FBS algorithm was also derived by incorporating the FRFs of each substructure, and the compatibility conditions were transformed into FRFs with pseudomasses at the joint nodes. A discrepancy between the FRFs of the synthesized system estimated using the proposed method and the analysis results of the entire system was observed in the numerical example, and the reasons for the discrepancy were investigated and discussed. It is estimated that the proposed FBS method can be enhanced by combining it with other dynamic substructuring techniques and supplementing additional information, such as measured FRFs.
An Avoidable Dependency? Russian Gas and German Complacency in the History of East–West Energy Relations
Authors: Lutz Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHow dependent were Germany and the European Union as a whole on Russian gas, and what lines can be traced in the historical development of energy relations? These questions are at the heart of the six books discussed, all of which were written in the context of Russia’s increasing aggression against Ukraine. All books examine the dependency in the energy sector, both for the exporting Soviet Union and Russia as well as for the importing countries. The essay argues that conceptualisations of dependency, underlying economic interests, and transnational interdependencies require further research.
A comprehensive review on the impact of Industry 4.0 on the development of a sustainable environment
Authors: Shabur Md. Abdus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe application of Industry 4.0 technology has substantial prospects for future innovation and corporate growth. This research study investigates the influence of Industry 4.0 technologies on the establishment of environmental sustainability in the manufacturing sector and other associated industries. Industry 4.0 and its associated technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems, have a detrimental effect on environmental sustainability. This is due to factors such as air pollution, improper waste disposal, and excessive consumption of raw materials, information, and energy. The approach employed in this study is an extensive review of a literature review comprising 207 manuscripts that explore subjects pertaining to Industry 4.0 and environmental sustainability. Currently, there is a gap between the current and intended state of affairs. Production is happening in a paradigm that lacks sustainability, which is why this research examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on environmental sustainability and the relevant aspects of Industry 4.0. One of the objective of this study is to examine the notable advantages of Industry 4.0 in the context of sustainable manufacturing. The other objective of this study are to ascertain the specific tools and components associated with Industry 4.0 that have a role in promoting the progress of a sustainable ecosystem and to do a comprehensive analysis of existing literature to find out the effectiveness of technologies of Industry 4.0 in promoting environmental sustainability. This study identifies and examines 18 significant uses of Industry 4.0 that contribute to the development of a sustainable environment. This research shows that the convergence of Industry 4.0 and the sustainable development goals improves environmental sustainability by establishing ecological support that ensures superior environmental performance with a greater positive influence than previously. This paper aims to assist stakeholders and organizations in addressing current environmental concerns by implementing innovative technologies. This study is novel in that it illustrates the integration of Industry 4.0 and its technologies with sustainable development goals, resulting in a sustainable Industry 4.0 that combines environmental protection and sustainability.