bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel consistent photomicrography technique using a reference slide made of neutral density filter
Authors: Kim Jong Yeob , Kim Ji Woong , Seo Soo Hong , Kye Young Chul , Ahn Hyo Hyun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObtaining consistent photomicrographic images of pathology slides is not always easy because of many different types and settings of the equipment such as the microscopes and digital cameras. In this study, we developed a photomicrography technique that could acquire consistent images of pathology slides. The neutral density (ND) filter was attached to a transparent glass slide as a reference slide, photographed using consistent settings, and acquired images that harbored all of the areas of gray, white, and black. In the same way, the slide was replaced by the actual pathology slide, and photomicrographed. To simulate different light environment, the above photographic session was repeated using two different light intensities and microscopes. A graphic program was used to adjust levels of the reference slide images and this leveling, or calibration, was saved as a file for each. This file for leveling process was applied to actual subsequent photomicrographic images. The same sites of noncalibrated and calibrated images of the pathology slide were calculated into CIELAB or CIE L*a*b* coordinates. Then, the color differences (ΔE*ab) were calculated. As results, in the study using a 50% transmittance ND filter, two original different images were made nearly identical to the unaided eye, especially in two‐point (white and gray) and three‐point (black, white, and gray) leveling. In comparison of different light intensities, the ΔE*ab of the selected area was 0.9 in two‐point leveling. Between different microscopes, 10.7 of ΔE*ab was the smallest value in three‐point leveling. This method would be helpful for acquiring consistent photomicrographic images of pathology slides. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of a stationary phase with s‐triazine ring embedded group for reversed phase high‐performance LC
Authors: Li Yingyu , Dai Peichun , Ke Yanxiong , Jin Yu , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis and chromatographic evaluation of a new polar‐embedded stationary phase, which utilized 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine as the spacer. The resulting materials were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and solid‐state 13C NMR. Empirical test mixtures were utilized to evaluate the column, and showed that it had good performance for basic compounds and high selectivity for polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, the novel stationary phase has unique property, especially in the separation of “homologous alkaloids” from natural products.
Selectivity of calixarene‐bonded silica phases in HPLC: Description of special characteristics with a multiple term linear equation at different methanol concentrations
Authors: Schneider Christian , Jira Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRetention and selectivity characteristics of different calixarene‐, resorcinarene‐ and alkyl‐bonded stationary phases are examined by analyzing a set of test solutes covering the main interactions (hydrophobic, steric, ionic, polar) that apply in HPLC. Therefore Dolan and Snyder's multiple term linear equation has been adapted to fit the properties of calixarene‐bonded columns. The obtained parameters are used to describe retention and selectivity of the novel Caltrex® phases and to elucidate underlying mechanisms of retention. Here, differences of stationary phase characteristics at different methanol concentrations in the mobile phases are examined. Both selectivity and retention were found to depend on the methanol content. Differences of these dependencies were found for different stationary phases and interactions. The differences between common alkyl‐bonded and novel calixarene‐bonded phases increase with increasing methanol content.
Optimal synthesis problem for the fuzzy systems
Authors: Aliev F. A. , Niftiyev Aghaddin Aslan , Zeynalov C. I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, first a space of fuzzy numbers is constructed and a scalar product is introduced. The derivative of fuzzy function in this space is defined. Further, a synthesis problem for fuzzy systems is considered. A formula for optimal control is obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prostatectomy restores the maturation competence of blood dendritic cell precursors and reverses the abnormal expansion of regulatory T lymphocytes
Authors: Brusa Davide , Carletto Sara , Cucchiarale Giuseppina , Gontero Paolo , Greco Alessandro , Simone Mariagrazia , Ferrando Ugo , Tizzani Alessandro , Matera Lina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVETo verify the presence of deviated dendritic cell (DC) precursors and of suppressor lymphocytes (Treg) in tumor bearing prostate cancer (PCa) patients and to monitor the corrective effect of tumor ablation.METHODSMonocytes isolated from the blood of patients before and 1 month after prostatectomy were allowed to reach complete maturation (mDC) ex vivo in a clinical grade two‐step process. T‐regulatory cells were identified in the lymphocyte cell fraction by the CD4+CD25highFoxP3+/CD4+CD25highCD127low/− phenotype.RESULTSDespite loss of the monocytes marker CD14, cytokine‐matured DCs of tumor bearing patients expressed lower levels of the costimulatory molecule CD80 and of the maturation markers CD83 and CCR7 compared to mDC of normal subjects (NS, P = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.008, respectively). Prostatectomy restored CD80, CD83, and CCR7 expression to values not different from those of NS (P = 0.15, 0.60, and 0.71) and significantly higher than those of the pre‐surgery state (CD83, P = 0.0003 and CCR7, P = 0.002). The frequency of Tregs, identified as either CD4 + CD25highFoxP3+ or CD4+CD25highCD127low/−, was significantly higher in pre‐surgery patients than in NS (P = 0.0001 and 0.0003) and significant recovery of the CD4+CD25highCD127low/− (P = 0.0005) was observed after surgery.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of defective DC precursors and suppressor lymphocytes in the tumor‐bearing, but not tumor‐free stage, positions the latter as the ideal setting for clinical success of PCa vaccine therapy. Prostate 77:344–352, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcomes for pregnant women infected with the influenza A (H1N1) virus during the 2009 pandemic in Porto Alegre, Brazil
Authors: Jiménez Mirela Foresti , El Beitune Patrícia , Salcedo Mila Pontremoli , Von Ameln Alexandra Veleda , Mastalir Fabiane Pinto , Braun Luciane Desimon 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo study the epidemiologic characteristics and underlying conditions that place pregnant women infected with H1N1 virus at increased risk for being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study conducted in Porto Alegre, Brazil, with 57 pregnant women hospitalized with the H1N1 influenza during the 2009 pandemic, we collected epidemiologic characteristics and assessed the rates of ICU admission according to pregnancy duration and the presence or absence of comorbidities.ResultsThe median (range) of maternal age was 26 years (15–41 years), the pregnancy duration at the time of infection was 29 weeks (8–41 weeks), and the birth weight was 3180 g (740–3900 g). Five patients (8.8%) were in the first, 22 (38.6%) in the second, and 30 (52.6%) in the third trimester, and (22.8%) had comorbidities. Antiviral drugs were administered to all, and 46 (80.7%) patients received an early treatment. There were no maternal, fetal, or neonatal deaths. Eight patients (14%) required ICU admission and 15 (50%) of the patients who gave birth during their hospitalization underwent a cesarean delivery. The risk of being treated at the ICU did not increase for patients with comorbidities (P = 0.22) or an advanced pregnancy (P = 0.31). The study revealed a relationship between early initiation of an antiviral treatment and a lower mortality rate.ConclusionNeither an advanced pregnancy nor comorbidities increased the risk of being admitted to the ICU but, compared with the results of other studies, a prompt treatment lowered mortality.
Whole and fractionated yellow pea flours reduce fasting insulin and insulin resistance in hypercholesterolaemic and overweight human subjects
Authors: Marinangeli Christopher P. F. , Jones Peter J. H. 
Published: September 2010

The objective of the present study was to compare whole pea flour (WPF) to fractionated pea flour (FPF; hulls only) for their ability to reduce risk factors associated with CVD and diabetes in overweight hypercholesterolaemic individuals. Using a cross-over design, twenty-three hypercholesterolaemic overweight men and women received two-treatment muffins/d containing WPF, FPF or white wheat flour (WF) for 28 d, followed by 28 d washout periods. Daily doses of WPF and FPF complied with the United States Department of Agriculture's recommended level of intake of half a cup of pulses/d (approximately 50 g/d). Dietary energy requirements were calculated for each study subject, and volunteers were only permitted to eat food supplied by the study personnel. Fasting insulin, body composition, urinary enterolactone levels, postprandial glucose response, as well as fasting lipid and glucose concentrations, were assessed at the beginning and at the end of each treatment. Insulin concentrations for WPF (37·8 (sem3·4) pmol/ml,P = 0·021) and FPF (40·5 (sem3·4) pmol/ml,P = 0·037) were lower compared with WF (50·7 (sem3·4) pmol/ml). Insulin homeostasis modelling assessment showed that consumption of WPF and FPF decreased (P < 0·05) estimates of insulin resistance (IR) compared with WF. Android:gynoid fat ratios in women participants were lower (P = 0·027) in the WPF (1·01 (sem0·01) group compared with the WF group (1·06 (sem0·01). Urinary enterolactone levels tended to be higher (P = 0·087) in WPF compared with WF. Neither treatment altered circulating fasting lipids or glucose concentrations. In conclusion, under a controlled diet paradigm, a daily consumption of whole and fractionated yellow pea flours at doses equivalent to half a cup of yellow peas/d reduced IR, while WPF reduced android adiposity in women.
Relationship between proteome changes of Longissimus muscle and intramuscular fat content in finishing pigs fed conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Zhong Weijing , Jiang Zongyong , Zheng Chuntian , Lin Yingcai , Yang Lin , Zou Shutong 
Published: September 2010

The present experiment was conducted to determine proteome changes in Longissimus muscle of finishing pigs fed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), in association with alteration of intramuscular fat content. Previously, seventy-two Duroc × Landrace × Large White gilts (approximately 60 kg) had been fed maize–soyabean meal-based diets with 0, 12·5 and 25 g CLA/kg diet. The CLA contained 369·1 mg/g cis-9, trans-11 CLA, 374·6 mg/g trans-10, cis-12 CLA and 53·7 mg/g other isomers. Six pigs per treatment were slaughtered when they reached a body weight of approximately 100 kg. Data published from a previous experiment demonstrated that supplementation with 12·5 or 25 g CLA/kg diet increased intramuscular fat content (P < 0·05). The present study investigated the proteome changes in Longissimus muscle of control and pigs supplemented with 25 g CLA/kg diet. CLA significantly influenced the abundance of proteins related to energy metabolism, fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, amino acid metabolism, defence, transport and other miscellaneous processes (P < 0·05). The increase in intramuscular fat content was positively correlated with the increased abundance of carbonic anhydrase 3 and aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0·05). We suggest that the proteome changes in Longissimus muscle contributed to greater intramuscular lipid content in CLA-supplemented pigs.
Controlling energetic intake based on a novel logistic regression model for the metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population
Authors: Yangmei Lv , Yanxia Miao , Liangmei Qiao , Jinhui Zhang , Yu Hua , Minwen Zhu 
Published: September 2010

The present study was designed to develop a novel method of energy calculation for controlling energetic intake in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Demographics and dietary data were recorded for 2582 obese subjects. Nutritional education was applied to all the patients. One year later, the data on age, sex, activity intensity coefficient, waistline, environmental temperature and BMI in subjects who lost ≥ 5 % body weight were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis model. Energy requirement was calculated from the results of multivariate logistic regression. Four hundred and thirty-four metabolic syndrome patients were then randomly divided into the treated group (216) and the control group (218). The energetic intake in the experimental group was controlled based on the new energy requirement model. The traditional energy exchange method was used in the control group. The independent factors predicting metabolic syndrome prognosis, such as age, sex, activity intensity coefficient, waistline, environmental temperature and BMI, were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The energy requirement model was then constructed by logistic regression analysis. After 6 months of energetic intake control based on the new model, the parameters of the experimental group were significantly different from those of the controls (all P < 0·05): waistline, 89·65 (sd 5·54) v. 91·97 (sd 4·78) cm; BMI, 24·67 (sd 3·54) v. 25·87 (sd 2·65) kg/m2; fasting blood glucose, 6·9 (sd 3·6) v. 8·7 (sd 4·6) mmol/l; 2 h PG, 8·7 (sd 5·7) v. 10·7 (sd 4·5) mmol/l; HbA1c, 7·7 (sd 1·6) v. 8·9 (sd 2·6) %; homoeostasis model insulin resistance index, 3·14 (sd 1·62) v. 4·32 (sd 2·25). The new energy requirement model can effectively improve the clinical outcomes of controlling energetic intake in metabolic syndrome patients.
Breakfast consumption and physical activity in British adolescents
Authors: Corder K. , van Sluijs E. M. F. , Steele R. M. , Stephen A. M. , Dunn V. , Bamber D. , Goodyer I. , Griffin S. J. , Ekelund U. 
Published: September 2010

Studies show an inverse relationship between breakfast frequency and weight gain. This may reflect poor eating habits generally and associated low physical activity (PA) or direct impacts of breakfast on mechanisms leading to lethargy and reduced PA. The relationship between breakfast frequency and PA is inconclusive. We aimed to determine whether breakfast frequency is associated with PA levels in British adolescents independent of body composition and socio-economic status (SES). Habitual breakfast frequency (self-report questionnaire) was assessed in 877 adolescents (43 % male, age 14·5 (sd 0·5) years old). PA was measured over 5 d (accelerometry, average counts/min; cpm). Associations between daily PA and breakfast frequency were assessed using linear regression adjusted for body fat percentage and SES. Effect modification by sex and associations with PA during the morning (06.00–12.00 hours) were explored. For boys, there were no significant associations between breakfast frequency and PA. For girls, less frequent breakfast consumption was significantly associated with lower PA (cpm) during the morning (occasional v. frequent β − 6·1 (95 % CI − 11·1, − 1·1), P = 0·017) when adjusted for body fat percentage and SES. There were no associations between PA and breakfast consumption over the whole day; however, for girls, less frequent breakfast consumption may be associated with lower PA levels during the morning, suggesting that breakfast consumption should perhaps be taken into consideration when aiming to promote PA in adolescent girls.
Stable running of a planar underactuated biped robot
Authors: Hu Yong , Yan Gangfeng , Lin Zhiyun 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the stable-running problem of a planar underactuated biped robot, which has two springy telescopic legs and one actuated joint in the hip. After modeling the robot as a hybrid system with multiple continuous state spaces, a natural passive limit cycle, which preserves the system energy at touchdown, is found using the method of Poincaré shooting. It is then checked that the passive limit cycle is not stable. To stabilize the passive limit cycle, an event-based feedback control law is proposed, and also to enlarge the basin of attraction, an additive passivity-based control term is introduced only in the stance phase. The validity of our control strategies is illustrated by a series of numerical simulations.
Early verb learning in 20-month-old Japanese-speaking children
Authors: OSHIMA-TAKANE YURIKO , ARIYAMA JUNKO , KOBAYASHI TESSEI , KATERELOS MARINA , POULIN-DUBOIS DIANE 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated whether children's representations of morphosyntactic information are abstract enough to guide early verb learning. Using an infant-controlled habituation paradigm with a switch design, Japanese-speaking children aged 1 ; 8 were habituated to two different events in which an object was engaging in an action. Each event was paired with a novel word embedded in a single intransitive verb sentence frame. The results indicated that only 40% of the children were able to map a novel verb onto the action when the mapping task was complex. However, by simplifying the mapping task, 88% of the children succeeded in verb–action mapping. There were no differences in perceptual salience between the agent and action switches in the task. These results provide strong evidence that Japanese-speaking children aged 1 ; 8 are able to use an intransitive verb sentence frame to guide early verb learning unless the mapping task consumes too much of their cognitive resources.
Novel sequence-based method for identifying transcription factor binding sites in prokaryotic genomes
Authors: Sahota Gurmukh , Stormo Gary D. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Computational techniques for microbial genomic sequence analysis are becoming increasingly important. With next-generation sequencing technology and the human microbiome project underway, current sequencing capacity is significantly greater than the speed at which organisms of interest can be studied experimentally. Most related computational work has been focused on sequence assembly, gene annotation and metabolic network reconstruction. We have developed a method that will primarily use available sequence data in order to determine prokaryotic transcription factor (TF) binding specificities.
Results: Specificity determining residues (critical residues) were identified from crystal structures of DNA–protein complexes and TFs with the same critical residues were grouped into specificity classes. The putative binding regions for each class were defined as the set of promoters for each TF itself (autoregulatory) and the immediately upstream and downstream operons. MEME was used to find putative motifs within each separate class. Tests on the LacI and TetR TF families, using RegulonDB annotated sites, showed the sensitivity of prediction 86% and 80%, respectively.
Availability: http://ural.wustl.edu/∼gsahota/HTHmotif/
Contact: stormo@wustl.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Labeling the Endoplasmic Reticulum with DiO-C6(3) for Imaging
Authors: Chazotte Brad 
Published: September 2010

INTRODUCTIONThe eukaryotic cell has evolved to compartmentalize its functions and transport various metabolites among cellular compartments. Therefore, in cell biology, the study of organization and structure/function relationships are of great importance. The endoplasmic reticulum is a highly convoluted, single membrane that is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and is believed to form a contiguous closed sac within the cell cytosol. Although a probe specific for the endoplasmic reticulum currently does not exist, the DiO-C6(3) probe, a cationic dye, is an effective label because of the distinctive intracellular morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum that distinguishes it from other intracellular organelles. This protocol describes the labeling of the endoplasmic reticulum with DiO-C6(3).
Small-Scale Extraction of Recombinant Proteins from Bacteria
Authors: Simpson Richard J. 
Published: September 2010

INTRODUCTIONBacteria are particularly convenient for producing recombinant proteins for purification purposes. To monitor induction as well as the levels of recombinant protein expression, it is important to have a rapid, simple method for estimating bacterial protein expression. This protocol describes the preparation of small-scale bacterial extracts using cell lysis with 0.5% Triton X-100.
Voltage-Clamp Analysis of Synaptic Transmission at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: Zhang Bing , Stewart Bryan 
Published: September 2010

INTRODUCTIONThe Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) shares many structural and functional similarities to synapses in other animals, including humans. These include the basic feature of synaptic transmission as well as the molecular mechanisms regulating the synaptic vesicle cycle. Because of its large size, easy accessibility, and the well-characterized genetics, the fly NMJ remains an excellent model system for dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms of synaptic transmission. Although intracellular recording is particularly valuable in revealing membrane potential changes, it has several limitations. Primarily, it does not offer information on the kinetics of membrane currents associated with ion channels or synaptic receptors responsible for the potential change. Furthermore, the resting potential of the Drosophila body-wall muscle varies naturally such that the driving force also varies considerably, making it difficult to accurately compare the amplitude of minis (spontaneous miniature synaptic potentials) or evoked excitatory junction potentials (EJPs). Finally, accurate determination of quantal content based on minis and EJPs is possible only at low release conditions when nonlinear summation is not a major issue. The voltage-clamp technique can overcome these limitations by using negative feedback mechanisms to keep the cell membrane potential steady at any reasonable set points. In the large larval muscle cells of Drosophila, the two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) method is used, in which one electrode monitors the cell membrane potential while the other electrode passes electric currents. This protocol introduces the application of TEVC in analysis of synaptic currents using the larval NMJ preparation.
Fabrication of Microelectrodes, Suction Electrodes, and Focal Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Bing , Stewart Bryan 
Published: September 2010

INTRODUCTIONThe Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) shares many structural and functional similarities to synapses in other animals, including humans. These include the basic feature of synaptic transmission, as well as the molecular mechanisms regulating the synaptic vesicle cycle. Because of its large size, easy accessibility, and well-characterized genetics, the fly NMJ remains an excellent model system for dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms of synaptic transmission. This protocol details some basic methods for manufacturing microelectrodes used for intracellular recording and two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC), and loose patch electrodes used for focal recording. In addition, a method is provided for manufacturing homemade suction electrodes used for nerve stimulation.