bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of extract and essential oil of Lantana indica Roxb. against food contaminating moulds and aflatoxin B1 production
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Shukla Ravindra , Singh Priyanka , Anuradha  , Dubey Nawal K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe study investigates the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic efficacy of Lantana indica against Aspergillus flavus, a key storage fungus. The leaf essential oil of L. indica was found more active than leaf extracts. The oil absolutely inhibited the growth of A. flavus at 1.5 mg mL−1 while ethanolic and chloroform extracts of leaf show MIC at 7.5 and 10.0 mg mL−1 concentrations respectively. The oil also showed pronounced antiaflatoxigenic efficacy and completely inhibited the aflatoxin B1 production at 0.75 mg mL−1. The ethanolic and chloroformic extracts inhibited the aflatoxin B1 production at 5.0 and 7.5 mg mL−1, respectively while other extracts exhibited poor efficacy. The L. indica essential oil exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against twelve different storage moulds. The present findings may recommend the L. indica essential oil and its bioactive leaf extracts as natural preservative would of immense significance in view of the environmental and toxicological implications by indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides.
Enhancement of short chain fatty acid formation by pure cultures of probiotics on rice fibre
Authors: Fernando Warnakulasuriya M. A. D. B. , Brennan Charles S. , Flint Steve , Ranaweera Kamburawala K. D. S. , Bamunuarachchi Arthur , Morton Hugh R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe formation of SCFA and the digestion of rice fibre using the following probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve) was compared using total dietary fibre (TDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and soluble dietary fibre (SDF) from two varieties (milling grades) of rice. The milling grade of the rice had no significant effect (P < 0.05) on the SCFA formation and the digestion after 6, 24 and 48 h fermentation. SCFA formation from the fermentation of the fibre fractions of both rice varieties, followed the pattern of TDF > SDF > IDF for all the probiotics tested and major difference between the species was the time to form the SCFA. The pattern of SCFA formation from both rice fibre fractions was acetate > propionate > butyrate for all the organisms with no significant difference between the micro‐organisms (P < 0.05) although the ratio of acetate:propionate:butyrate was lower forBifidobacteriumspp.Lactobacillusspp. digested 60–80% of fibre whereas Bifidobaceria digested 75–85% of the rice fibre fractions from both rice samples. There was no significant difference in the ability of the micro‐organisms tested to utilise the different varieties of rice (P > 0.05).
Supplementation of pearl millet flour with soybean protein: effect of cooking on in vitro protein digestibility and essential amino acids composition
Authors: Ali Maha A. M. , El Tinay Abdullahi H. , Mallasy Limya O. , Yagoub Abu ElGasim A. 
Published: August 2010

Summary In vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) and amino acids profile of pearl millet (Dempy cultivar) supplemented with soybean protein (5–15%) were investigated. Supplementation of dempy flour with soybean protein steadily decreased IVPD with increasing the portion of soybean in the blend. The in vitro protein digestibilities of the cooked supplemented dempy flours were higher when compared with the raw ones, whereas the highest value was that of the 5% soybean protein. All essential amino acids of dempy flour were enriched on supplementation with soybean protein. The levels of amino acids increased with increasing the amount of soybean protein in the blend. Essential amino acids in dempy supplemented with 15% soybean are comparable to those in the FAO reference pattern. Supplementation increased significantly lysine to 1.5–2.4 folds. Essential amino acids content remained higher in the cooked composite flours when compared with the cooked native dempy flour.
Effect of potato presence on the degradation of extra virgin olive oil during frying
Authors: Kalogianni Eleni P. , Karastogiannidou Calliope , Karapantsios Thodoris D. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis work investigates the effect of potato presence on the degradation of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) during repeated frying. For this reason the performance of EVOO during frying was compared with its performance during heating at frying temperatures. In order to make meaningful comparisons the temperature profiles obtained during the frying experiments were replicated during the heating experiments by means of a high energy exchange rate cooling/heating system. The effects of potato‐to‐oil ratio (1/7 and 1/35 kgpotatoes/Loil) and number (N) of batches (N = 0, 1, 0, 20, 30, 40) were examined. EVOO was analysed using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). It was found that polymerisation products increased linearly during frying and heating and that they were not affected by potatoes presence at low ratio. The effect of potato presence became statistically significant (yet not remarkable) at the high ratio. Decomposition products increased during frying whereas they decreased during heating.
Effect of storage on nonenzymatic browning reactions in carob pekmez
Authors: Özhan Başak , Karadeniz Feryal , Erge Hande Selen 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCarob pekmez was stored at 5, 25, 35 and 45 °C for studying the reaction kinetics of nonenzymatic browning reactions. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation, browning index (A420) and CIE (International Commission on Illumination) colour parameters were analysed to evaluate nonenzymatic browning reactions. HMF formation and A420 values increased linearly with the storage time and temperature and both followed zero‐order reaction. No fitting model was found for the changes in visual CIE parameters. The dependence of rate constant of nonenzymatic reactions on temperature was represented by an Arrhenius equation and the activation values were found as 114.87 kJ mol−1 and 86.62 kJ mol−1 for HMF formation and A420 values, respectively. The excellent linear correlations (r = 0.728–0.99) among colour parameters, browning index and HMF were found.
Enantioselective determination of cypermethrin in pig muscle tissue by immunoaffinity extraction and high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Kuang Hua , Miao Hong , Wu Yongning , Shen Jianzhong , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA high performance liquid chromatography method was developed to detect enantiomers of cypermethrin in pork muscle. Eight isomers of racemic cypermethrin were separated using a normal mobile phase of hexane–isopropyl alcohol (99.3–0.7, v/v) on a chiral CD‐ph column in 25 min. The elution order of isomers was ascertained using enantiomer/diastereomer enriched cypermethrin standards. The extracts from pork samples were cleaned up by immunoaffinity column before detection. The recoveries from samples fortified levels of 0.1 and 1 mg kg−1 ranged from 67.3% to 113.5% with a relative standard deviation 6.7–16.8%; sufficient to effectively measure cypermethrin enantiomer concentrations in pig muscle tissue samples in the future.
In vitro haem solubility of red cell fraction of porcine blood under various treatments
Authors: Liu Tong‐Xun , Wang Jing , Zhao Mou‐Ming 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAn in vitro peptic digestion at gastric pH 2.0 was used to assess the haem solubility of red cell fraction (RCF) of porcine blood derived samples. The in vitro haem solubility of the RCF decreased greatly in the denaturated form of haemoglobin. However, the native haemoglobin was susceptible to be hydrolysed by enzyme mixture of Flavourzyme and Alcalase. The in vitro digestion of the hydrolysates showed that the highest haem solubility was reached at degree of hydrolysis between 8.75% and 12.33%. The in vitro haem solubility was positively correlated with content of the highly soluble peptides with molecular weights ranged from 7.5 kDa to 1 kDa, but negatively with peptides fractions >7.5 kDa and <1 kDa, mostly due to the precipitation of the highly molecular weight fraction (>7.5 kDa) and part of small peptides (<1 kDa) with higher haem/peptide ratio, which was confirmed by gel filtration chromatograms and by the analysis of the precipitate at pH 2.0.
Changes in the biochemical and functional properties of the extruded hard‐to‐cook cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors: Batista Karla A. , Prudêncio Sandra H. , Fernandes Kátia F. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryChanges in the biochemical and functional properties of the hard‐to‐cook cowpea bean after treatment by the extrusion process are reported. The extrusion was carried out at 150 °C, with a compression ratio screw of 3:1, a 5‐mm die, and a screw speed of 150 r.p.m. The extrusion caused the complete inactivation of the α‐amylase and lectin and it also reduced the trypsin inhibitor activity (38.2%) and phytic acid content (33.2%). The functional properties were also modified by the process, an increase of 2.5 times in the water absorption index and 3.1% in the water solubility were observed. The digestibility of the hard‐to‐cook flour of the cowpea bean was improved after the extrusion, with a 55.9% increase in protein digestibility and a 5.9% increase in starch digestibility.
Effect of enzyme type and hydrolysis conditions on the in vitro angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity and ash content of hydrolysed whey protein isolate
Authors: Wang Lei , Mao Xueying , Cheng Xue , Xiong Xingxing , Ren Fazheng 
Published: August 2010

SummaryRemoval of salts from protein hydrolysate mixture on large scale is very difficult and relatively inefficient. Selecting practical proteinase system and hydrolysis conditions for the production of whey protein isolate (WPI) enzymatic hydrolysates with high angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and low ash content is very useful. The effect of alcalase, neutrase, trypsin and their combined system, i.e. alcalase‐neutrase and trypsin‐neutrase, under two different hydrolysis conditions, i.e. pH‐controlled and pH‐spontaneous drop, on the formation of ACE‐inhibitory peptides and the characteristics of WPI hydrolysate was investigated. Results showed that the ACE‐inhibitory activity of WPI hydrolysate obtained with alcalase was significantly higher than that of its trypsin or neutrase hydrolysate obtained at the same hydrolysis time by both pH‐controlled and pH‐spontaneous drop method (P < 0.05). The WPI hydrolysate obtained after 3 h incubation with alcalase plus 2 h with neutrase under pH‐spontaneous drop condition possessed the highest ACE‐inhibitory activity of 54.30% and the lowest ash content of 2.95%. This is practical as a functional ingredient in the food industry because of its high ACE‐inhibitory capability, commercial availability in large supply of alcalase and neutrase and no needing for additional desalting process.
Towards a multidisciplinary approach to structuring in reduced saturated fat‐based systems – a review
Authors: Wassell Paul , Bonwick Graham , Smith Christopher J. , Almiron‐Roig Eva , Young Niall W. G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAlthough many food products are essentially emulsions, interest in the structuring of oil‐continuous emulsions (and in specific cases water‐continuous emulsions) is intense, particularly to meet the continuing challenge of reducing the degree of saturates in food systems. Consequently, it is necessary to observe the effects of structurants and to examine their impacts on current food systems. This is especially the case where novel structuring materials are used to wholly or partially replace traditional structurants. A multidisciplinary approach is discussed encompassing traditional and novel mechanisms considered able to structure within low saturated fat‐based systems and which in themselves could also have emulsification properties. The presence of interfacial compositions as in emulsions requires a crucial understanding of the interactions within these compositions for the creation of building blocks in oil or fat structuring. Where a co‐surfactant structure may be used, together with novel structurants, for example, wax esters, phytosterols, it is necessary to understand how these may influence interfacial film thickness, strength and flexibility. Understanding how to measure mechanical visco‐elastic properties of structurant interactions both in model and real time dynamic measurements will be necessary to account for diffusion, orientation and self‐assembly mechanisms. This review discusses combining traditional techniques with novel structurant technology; developing and validating dynamic measurement techniques; and investigation of real systems as opposed to purely model systems.
Influenza vaccine preference and uptake among older people in nine countries
Authors: Kwong Enid Wai‐yung , Pang Samantha Mei‐che , Choi Pin‐pin , Wong Thomas Kok‐shing 
Published: August 2010

kwong e.w.‐y., pang s.m.‐c., choi p.‐p. & wong t.k.‐s. (2010) Influenza vaccine preference and uptake among older people in nine countries.Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(10), 2297–2308.AbstractAim. This paper is a report of a study delineating factors that influence older people’s preferences and uptake of the influenza vaccine in nine countries.Background. Vaccination uptake for the aging population in many countries still remains below the World Health Organization recommended rate. Older people who perceive higher susceptibility to and severity of influenza, and more benefits from vaccination and action cues prompting vaccination, tend to accept the vaccine, but those with more perceived barriers to vaccination are less likely to accept it.Method. A total of 208 older people from China, Indonesia, Turkey, Korea, Greece, Canada, the United Kingdom, Brazil and Nigeria were recruited to 14 vaccinated and 12 unvaccinated focus groups. They shared their experiences of influenza, and influenza vaccination, and promotion of influenza vaccination in focus groups. The data were collected in 2007.Findings. We identified five themes and generated a hypothetical framework for in‐depth understanding of vaccination behaviour among older people. Participants’ vaccine preferences were determined by their behavioural beliefs in vaccination, which were based on their probability calculation of susceptibility to and severity of influenza and vaccine effectiveness, and their utility calculation of vaccine, healthcare and social costs. Action cues prompting vaccination and vaccine access further affected the vaccine uptake of participants with vaccine preferences. Vaccination coverage was likely to be higher in the countries where normative beliefs in favour of vaccination had formed.Conclusion. The hypothetical framework can be used to guide healthcare providers in developing strategies to foster normative beliefs of older people in vaccination, provide effective action cues and promote vaccine access.
Satellite imagery as a single source of predictor variables for habitat suitability modelling: how Landsat can inform the conservation of a critically endangered lemur
Authors: Lahoz‐Monfort José J. , Guillera‐Arroita Gurutzeta , Milner‐Gulland E. J. , Young Richard P. , Nicholson Emily 
Published: August 2010

Summary 1. Statistical modelling of habitat suitability is an important tool for planning conservation interventions, particularly for areas where species distribution data are expensive or hard to collect. Sometimes however the predictor variables typically used in habitat suitability modelling are themselves difficult to obtain or not meaningful at the geographical extent of the study, as is the case for the Alaotran gentle lemur Hapalemur alaotrensis, a critically endangered lemur confined to the marshes of Lake Alaotra in Madagascar. 2. We developed a habitat suitability model where all predictor variables, including vegetation indices and image texture measures at different scales (as surrogates for habitat structure), were derived from Landsat7 satellite imagery. Using relatively few presence records, the maximum entropy (Maxent) approach and AUC were used to assess the performance of candidate predictor variables, for studying the effect of scale, model selection and mapping suitable habitat. 3. This study demonstrated the utility of satellite imagery as a single source of predictor variables for a Maxent habitat suitability model at the landscape level, within a restricted geographical extent and with a fine grain, in a case where predictor variables typically used at the macro‐scale level (e.g. climatic and topographic) were not applicable. 4. In the case of H. alaotrensis, the methodology generated a habitat suitability map to inform conservation management in Lake Alaotra and a replicable protocol to allow rapid updates to habitat suitability maps in the future. The exploration of candidate predictor variables allowed the identification of scales that appear ecologically relevant for the species. 5. Synthesis and applications. This study presents a cost‐effective combination of maximum entropy habitat suitability modelling and satellite imagery, where all predictor variables are derived solely from Landsat7 images. With a habitat modelling method like Maxent that shows good performance with few presence samples and Landsat images now freely available, the methodology can play an important role in rapid assessments of the status of species at the landscape level in data‐poor regions, when typical macro‐scale environmental predictors are of little use or difficult to obtain.
What neurological patients regard as quality of life
Authors: ENGSTRÖM BIRGITTA , NORDESON ASTRID 
Published: August 2010

Summary

The aim of this study was to investigate how patients with progressive neurological disorders describe what they perceive as quality of life.
The patients (n = 169) were interviewed while staying at a neurological rehabilitation centre by way of an open question, what ‘quality of life’ represented to them.
Patients' statements were classified and a comparison was made with Kajandi's three levels of factors constituting quality of life. The categories that came forth were ‘living in a sense of affinity’, ‘being independent’, ‘living on one's own terms’ and ‘feeling that life is meaningful’. The statements constituting the basis of the categories were impressive and illustrated wisdom.
The results underline the uniqueness of each patient's situation, and how important it is that nursing and treatment are adjusted to the needs of the individual.
Bonding theory–tying mothers in knots? A critical review of the application of a theory to nursing
Authors: BILLINGS JENNIFER RUTH 
Published: August 2010

Summary

In recent times, nursing has witnessed a growing support for the notion of theory as being instrumental in enhancing nursing practice and ultimately patient care (Marriner, 1986). Whether generated from nursing practice, or ‘borrowed’ from other fields, the use of theory is viewed by some as the key to the ultimate recognition of nursing as a scientific, professional discipline in its own right (Stevens, 1984). Parallel to this view, there is a research perspective that questions the ultimate contribution of certain theories to health‐care practice, particularly those emanating from other disciplines, urging caution in their practical utility. This paper enlarges upon this theme, focusing specifically upon the psychological theory of bonding, attempting to explore critically the degree to which it can be used in nursing practice, and to which it contributes towards our understanding of the attachment behaviour between a mother and her infant.
A brief outline is given of the theory and its impact on health‐care practice, and possible limitations discussed with reference to the conceptual origins of bonding theory, the validity of its research methodology, and its use within the wider health‐care setting.
A feminist sociological perspective is used in a brief attempt to explore the wider implications of the bonding theory in relation to the position of women.
An exploration of the communication that takes place between nurses and patients whilst cancer chemotherapy is administered
Authors: DENNISON SIÂN 
Published: August 2010

Summary

Existing studies indicate the importance of the communication that takes place within specific nursing procedures, but a body of knowledge in this area has yet to be developed.
This study explores the verbal communication that took place when nurses were administering cytotoxic chemotherapy in a specialized gynaecological oncology unit.
Most interactions were initiated by the nurses and concentrated on information giving.
Detailed, clear and precise explanations were provided, reflecting the highly technical nature of the procedure.
The nurses rarely made any assessment of the patients' understanding of the situation, their preconceptions, or their feelings.
It is suggested that there is a need to structure and improve the emotional, supportive, and information‐giving techniques employed by nurses.
A service evaluation of stoma care nurses' practice
Authors: JEFFRIES ELIZABETH , JOELS JACQUELINE , WOOD E. JANE , BUTLER MARY , CALLUM ROZ , LITTLE GILLIAN , JOHNSON ANNA 
Published: August 2010

Summary

Stoma care nurses aim to meet the physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of patients.
Development of stoma care nursing services has varied, as it has been the responsibility of each nurse, resulting in differences in the mode of delivery.
This qualitative and quantitative study involved stoma care nurses from six areas in Essex, to assess patient perception of the service they received.
Overall, the satisfaction level was high despite differences in delivery of care, especially timing and frequency of visits at home.
The potential of the professional portfolio for nursing
Authors: JASPER MELANIE A. 
Published: August 2010

Summary

Professional profiles and portfolios have recently been identified by nursing's regulatory bodies in the UK as ways of recording each nurse's career and professional development. Although the use of portfolios is widespread in education, the concept of a developmental portfolio to support continuing professional development on an individual basis is recent.
As an innovation in nursing the portfolio is to be used for periodic registration with the UK Central Council (UKCC), for the on‐going recording of learning, both formal and experiential, and as a way of accrediting prior learning for academic purposes.
This paper argues that the potential of the portfolio is wider than the purposes already identified in that the knowledge generated from experiential learning and identified by reflective practice is of specific interest and value to the nursing profession as a whole.
In particular portfolios are likely to record the knowledge embedded in practice, which is often hard to describe, yet represents nursing's expertise.
For this potential to be realized pragmatic issues such as finance, time and verification of experiences need to be addressed, and an infrastructure created to support the nurse compiling the profile.