bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Une forte baisse de l'incapacité en France dans les années 1990 ?
Authors: Cambois Emmanuelle , Robine Jean-Marie , Mormiche Pierre 
Published: October 2011

Résumé L’enquête Santé française posait en 2002-2003, pour la troisième fois depuis 1980, une question générale sur les « gênes ou handicaps dans la vie quotidienne ». Les réponses obtenues suggèrent une décroissance beaucoup plus rapide qu’auparavant des prévalences de l’incapacité au cours de la dernière décennie, dont l’ampleur dépasse les scénarii les plus optimistes. Ce travail examine plus particulièrement les changements intervenus dans le protocole de la dernière enquête et leur influence possible sur la comparabilité des résultats avec ceux des enquêtes antérieures. L’analyse montre que la question générale de l’enquête de 2002-2003 enregistre surtout des restrictions d’activité sévères et des situations de handicap avérées, donc relativement peu répandues, alors que la formulation visait à recueillir aussi des situations de « simples gênes », bien plus fréquentes. Cette sélection a été plus prononcée dans la dernière enquête que dans les enquêtes précédentes. Au total, la question sur les gênes ou handicaps ne permet pas de poursuivre la série chronologique initiée en 1980, mais elle vient compléter la connaissance des différents types de problèmes fonctionnels à travers les situations de désavantage social qu’elle semble plus spécifiquement refléter.
Estimation de la mortalité par la méthode de projection intercensitaire par génération : application aux Îles Salomon
Authors: Groenewold George , Van Ginneken Jeroen , De Bruijn Bart , De Beer Joop 
Published: October 2011

Résumé La méthode de projection intercensitaire par génération (MPIG) a été mise au point pour estimer l’espérance de vie à la naissance année par année au cours d’une période intercensitaire. Elle a été développée parce que l’application des méthodes classiques d’estimation de la mortalité avait donné des résultats incohérents. Elle comprend trois grandes étapes. La première consiste à projeter par itération les structures par âge de la population d’un recensement jusqu’au recensement suivant, en posant diverses hypothèses de mortalité constante, jusqu’à obtenir des tables types optimales de mortalité féminine et masculine, reflétant les conditions moyennes de la mortalité pendant la période de projection. Dans la deuxième étape, on utilise les espérances de vie à la naissance associées à ces tables types et des estimations de leur taux de croissance pour établir des équations de régression qui permettront de calculer les espérances de vie et les tables de mortalité annuelles. Dans la troisième étape, on évalue la précision des estimations à partir des résultats d’une dernière projection basée sur les tables types de mortalité annuelles calculées. L’espérance de vie des Salomoniens estimée par la MPIG est de 61,0 ans pour les hommes et de 61,5 ans pour les femmes en 1999. Ces valeurs s’accordent bien avec les estimations de la fécondité et de la migration.
La qualité des déclarations par âge : extension et application de l'indice de Whipple modifié
Authors: Spoorenberg Thomas 
Published: October 2011

Résumé À partir des modifications apportées à l’indice de Whipple originel, cette note de recherche propose une mesure générale de la qualité des déclarations par âge, complétant ainsi le développement antérieur opéré par Noumbissi (1992) par une mesure synthétique : l’indice de Whipple modifié total ( W tot ). Afin de tester sa pertinence et sa validité, le nouvel indice proposé ici est appliqué aux déclarations par âge et sexe en Inde, au Maroc et en Suisse à diverses dates. Les résultats obtenus sont ensuite comparés aux valeurs des indices de Myers et de Whipple originel calculés sur les mêmes données. Cette comparaison montre notamment que, par rapport à l’indice de Whipple originel, en raison de sa plus grande sensibilité, le nouvel indice de Whipple modifié total rend mieux compte des améliorations de la qualité des déclarations par âge et qu’il aboutit à des résultats identiques à ceux obtenus par l’indice de Myers.
Epidemiology, risk and outcomes of venous thromboembolism in cancer
Authors: Russo L. , Falanga A. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryCancer is associated with a fourfold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The risk of VTE varies according to the type of malignancy (i. e. pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, lymphoma) and its disease stage and individual factors (i. e. sex, race, age, previous VTE history, immobilization, obesity). Preventing cancer-associated VTE is important because it represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In order to identify cancer patient at particularly high risk, who need thromboprophylaxis, risk prediction models have become available and are under validation. These models include clinical risk factors, but also begin to incorporate biological markers. The major American and European scientific societies have issued their recommendations to guide the management of VTE in patients with cancer.In this review the principal aspects of epidemiology, risk factors and outcome of cancer-associated VTE are summarized.
Microsatellite Instability and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Geiersbach Katherine B. , Samowitz Wade S 
Published: October 2011

Context.—About 15% of colorectal cancers are characterized by genomic microsatellite instability, and of these, about 1 in 5 (2%–4% overall) are due to Lynch syndrome, a dominantly inherited condition predisposing the patient to cancers of multiple organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract. Identification of individuals with Lynch syndrome allows for increased surveillance of the affected individual and of potentially affected family members.Objective.—To review the literature on microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer and current laboratory diagnostic testing strategies for the detection of Lynch syndrome.Data Sources.—This review is based on peer-reviewed literature, published guidelines from professional organizations (Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Working Group, National Comprehensive Cancer Network), and information from clinical laboratories performing microsatellite instability testing.Conclusions.—Universal screening for Lynch syndrome in all individuals affected with colorectal cancer has been recommended by the Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Working Group. Preliminary screening tests can identify individuals unlikely to be affected by Lynch syndrome, thereby reducing the need for full gene analysis. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction–based tests for microsatellite instability have similar clinical sensitivity and specificity, and each method has advantages and limitations. BRAF and MLH1 methylation testing are useful reflex tests for those with a defect in MLH1 identified by immunohistochemistry. Emerging technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing, may substantially affect diagnostic algorithms in the future.
Synthesis of MS (M = Zn, Cd, and Pb)–chitosan nanocomposite film via a simulating biomineralization method
Authors: Wang Shan , Huang Yi , Zheng Minyan , Wei Yongsheng , Huang Siping , Gu Yuanzi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMS nanoparticles were prepared with chitosan (CS) as the synthesis template at normal temperature by simulating biomineralization method. ZnS, PbS, and CdSCS nanocomposites as model were prepared by simulating biomineralization method of corresponding twain valent ions into nanoparticles in the presence of CS. The structural and morphological features of MS (M = Zn, Cd, and Pb)–CS were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Optical characteristics of nanocomposites were studied by the approaches of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and fluorescence, from which the conclusions show that the CS matrix offers limited conditions for ZnS to grow, the precursor concentration can also affect the formed particle size, and thus the particle size can be controlled in the CS matrix by these two means. The differential scanning calorimetery result indicated a strong and uniform interaction between CS and nanoparticles. The experimental results indicated that all the nanoparticles aggregated into nanopartical and CS as a template played an important role in the formation of nanopartical. In addition, a possible structure‐controlling mechanism was proposed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30: 269–275, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20222
Alkali, boron and phosphorous removal from coal‐derived syngas: review and thermodynamic considerations
Authors: Dolan M. D. , Ilyushechkin A. Y. , McLennan K. G. , Sharma S. D. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTAlkalis are highly corrosive towards materials associated with syngas processing and utilisation, including ceramic particulate filters and metallic components. The removal of alkali species, consequently, is an important step in the cleaning of coal and biomass‐derived syngas. The origins of the alkali contaminant govern the ability of specific sorbents to remove these species via chemical means. Alkali salt removal is dependent on the formation of an acid halide species, a reaction, which in the absence of H2O, involves hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This reaction becomes increasingly unfavourable above 1000 °C, but below this temperature, equilibrium conversion approaches 100%. The fluxing of a gasifier slag, which is often necessary to reduce viscosity to a level that allows tapping, reduces its ability to absorb alkali halides. This effect however was not observed with oxide‐based alkalis, which shows strong affinity for gasifier slag regardless of fluxing, up to 1600 °C. Furthermore, there is a potential for removal of boron and phosphorous contaminants using these same sorbents. In a complete high‐temperature, dry gas cleaning sequence, alkali removal would ideally be undertaken prior (or simultaneously to) halide removal and prior to sulfur removal. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical properties development of sodium alginate films with additives by UV‐radiation processing
Authors: Mollah M. Z. I. , Khan Mubarak A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo improve mechanical properties of polymer films; sodium alginate (SA) films was prepared with ethylene glycol (EG) and photocured. The formulation was prepared at various concentration with EG and photoinitiator (2%) in methanol. The mechanical properties were optimized in case of monomer (EG) concentration, soaking time, and radiation dose of intensities. The highest polymer loading (PL) was 7.1% and tensile strength (TS) of the film was 37.9 MPa were found for 3 min soaking in 5% EG containing formulation at 20th pass of UV radiation; the highest value (22%) of elongation at break (Eb) was obtained at 1 min soaking time at 15th passes of UV doses. The mechanical properties improvement of the films varied acrylic monomers; such as 2‐ethylhexylacrylate (EHA), 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate (BDDA), and trimethylpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) were used as additives (2%) in the optimized formulation. The highest PL (12.7%) and TS (42.2 MPa) of the films are at 5% EG, 2% TMPTA, and 2% photoinitiator in methanol at 3 min soaking time at 20th pass of UV radiation. The highest Eb (25%) was obtained using additives 2% EHA additives in 5% EG and 2% photoinitiator in methanol at 3 min soaking time. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Selective sorption of heavy metal on phosphorylated sago starch‐extraction residue
Authors: Igura Masato , Okazaki Masanori 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe phosphorylated sago starch‐extraction residue (P‐SR) was produced for the removal of heavy metal from wastewater. The phosphoric ester in the phosphorylated residue was evaluated by means of infrared microspectrometry and solid‐state NMR. In this study, the phosphorus contents of produced P‐SR, phosphorylated cellulose (P‐C), and phosphorylated sago starch were 31.7, 34.2, and 4.6 mg/g, respectively. The phosphorus contents of P‐C and sago starch were clearly different because of the difference of each structure. The maximum sorption capacities of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc) in single heavy metal sorption on P‐SR were 0.20, 0.25, 0.36, and 0.24 mmol/g (Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd), respectively. On the other hand, the amount of sorbed heavy metals in coexisted heavy metal sorption on P‐SR followed the order of Pb > Cu > Cd > Zn that was different from the relations of maximum sorption capacities for individual heavy metals. The heavy metal sorption behavior in single and coexisted heavy metal solution for P‐SR were different and P‐SR showed the intrinsic heavy metal sorption affinity, called as selective sorption. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Influence of polymer microstructure on the performance of post‐treated latex‐based pressure sensitive adhesives
Authors: Qie Lili , Dubé Marc A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLatex‐based butyl acrylate (BA)/acrylic acid (AA)/2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) films with various microstructures were heated to improve their performance. The treated PSA films showed significantly better performance than original latex‐based PSA films with similar polymer microstructures. The effect of the heat treatment depended on the polymer microstructure of the untreated PSA films (or corresponding latices). Decreasing the amount of very small sol polymers (i.e., Mx < 2Me) in gel‐free untreated PSA films, or both very small (i.e., Mx < 2Me) and very large sol polymers (i.e., Mx > 20Me) in gel‐containing untreated PSA films led to treated PSA films with significantly better performance. (Note: Me is the molecular weight between two adjacent entanglement points in a polymer material.) In addition, simultaneously increasing the sol polymer molecular weight (Mw) as well as the size of the chain segments between two adjacent cross‐linking points (Mc) of the gel polymer in the original PSAs resulted in treated PSA films with better performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Hyperbranched homo and thermoresponsive graft copolymers by using ATRP‐macromonomer initiators
Authors: Allı Sema , Allı Abdulkadir , Hazer Baki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMacromonomer initiators behave as macro cross‐linkers, macro initiators, and macromonomers to obtain branched and cross‐linked block/graft copolymers. A series of new macromonomer initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization (MIM‐ATRP) based on polyethylene glycol (Mn = 495D, 2203D, and 4203D) (PEG) were synthesized by the reaction of the hydroxyl end of mono‐methacryloyl polyethylene glycol with 2‐bromo propanoyl chloride, leading to methacryloyl polyethylene glycol 2‐bromo propanoyl ester. Poly (ethylene glycol) functionalized with methacrylate at one end was reacted with 2‐bromopropionyl chloride to form a macromonomeric initiator for ATRP. ATRP was found to be a more controllable polymerization method than conventional free radical polymerization in view of fewer cross‐linked polymers and highly branched polymers produced from macromonomer initiators as well. In another scenario, ATRP of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) was initiated by MIM‐ATRP to obtain PEG‐b‐PNIPAM branched block/graft copolymers. Thermal analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR, TEM, and SEM techniques were used in the characterization of the products. They had a thermo‐responsive character and exhibited volume phase transition at ∼ 36°C. A plasticizer effect of PEG in graft copolymers was also observed, indicating a lower glass transition temperature than that of pure PNIPAM. Homo and copolymerization kinetics were also evaluated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Adsorption of reactive yellow 145 onto chitosan coated magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Kalkan Nuzhet Ayca , Aksoy Serpil , Aksoy Eda Ayse , Hasirci Nesrin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRemoval of dyes from the industrial discharge water is an important issue for safety of the environment. In this study, magnetic (magnetite, Fe3O4) nanoparticles were coated with chitosan (CS) and the efficiency of these chitosan coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4‐CS) for the adsorption of a reactive textile dye (Reactive Yellow 145, RY145) was examined first time in literature. TEM, XRD, and EPR results revealed that the thickness of the coat was about 2–5 nm, no phase change in the spinel structure of magnetic particles existed after coating, and particles had paramagnetic property, respectively. Adsorption of RY145 on Fe3O4‐CS nanoparticles occurs according to Langmuir model in the temperature range 25°C–45°C with a maximum adsorption capacity of 47.62 mg g−1 at 25°C, in aqueous media. Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous, and the maximum desorption of the dye was 80% over a single adsorption/desorption cycle. In this study, the high efficiency of the CS coated magnetic nanoparticles in the adsorption and removal of reactive dyes from water was shown on model RY145. This type of nanoparticles can be good candidates in industrial applications for the decolorization of waste waters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Comparative study on electrical properties of orientated carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites
Authors: Dai Jianfeng , Wang Junhong , Mu Xiaowen , Chen Xiaoting 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe percolation threshold of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/epoxy resin composites was simulated in the Bruggeman' Effective‐Medium Theory based on experiment. Both distinct percolation effect and low percolation threshold in the aligned CNTs/epoxy composites were predicted. With the CNTs loading larger than the percolation threshold, the critical exponent of CNTs/epoxy composites rises rapidly with the increase of aspect ratio of CNTs. It is shown that the electrical conductivity of composites presents distinct aeolotropism, the percolation threshold is sensitive relative to the tiny change of the orientation factor, the aspect ratio, and the structure of CNTs in the composites matrix. The simulated results are consistent with the experimental results basically, and the discrepancy between simulated results and experimental results has been interpreted reasonably. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and Comparative Study of Anti‐Mycobacterium Activity of a Novel Series of Fluoronitrobenzothiazolopyrazoline Regioisomers
Authors: Hazra K. , Nargund L. V. G. , Rashmi P. , Narendra Sharath Chandra J. N. , Nandha B. , Harish M. S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn an attempt to find a new and a safer drug for tuberculosis, we have synthesized a series of fluoronitrobenzothiazolopyrazolines for antitubercular activity. The series comprises three subclasses: fluorobenzothiazolopyrazolines (11a–f), fluoronitrobenzothiazolopyrazoline, nitro group at 5th position (12a–f) and 4th position (13a–f). All compounds were screened for their in‐vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain by using Middlebrook 7H‐9 broth. An introduction of NO2 group at 5th position of benzothiazole ring (12a–f) increased the antitubercular activity whereas introduction of NO2 group at 4th position (13a–f) was found to decrease the activity remarkably. Two compounds from each series showing good antitubercular activity were tested for cytotoxicity on THP‐1 cell lines and they showed low cytotoxicity.
The long‐term stability in gene expression of human endothelial cells permits the production of large numbers of cells suitable for use in regenerative medicine
Authors: Punshon Geoffrey , Vara Dina S. , Sales Kevin M. , Seifalian Alexander M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTissue engineering has been conducted in the study of cardiovascular grafts for many years. Many obstacles have been overcome in this rapidly changing field, but one difficulty has remained until now: the large number of endothelial cells (ECs) needed for seeding the inner layer of bypass graft. Recent advances in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) isolation and culture techniques have increased the interest in genetic studies. Despite these advances in EPC studies, the “gold standard” for the seeding of tissue engineering constructs or hybrid grafts remains mature human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This study investigates the ability of HUVECs to be expanded in culture to provide sufficient cells for graft seeding. The levels of gene expression of key genes are then examined to ensure that these cells retain the EC phenotype. This study demonstrates that HUVECs may be cultured for up to 12 passages without alteration in phenotype. Subsequent passage numbers are sufficiently similar to those preceding them to allow cells of different passages to be mixed without gene expression anomalies.
Querkraftbemessung von Spannbeton‐Fertigdecken bei biegeweicher Lagerung
Authors: Roggendorf Thomas , Hegger Josef 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDie Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Spannbeton‐Fertigdecken wird bei einer Lagerung auf schlanken Trägern oder Unterzügen anstelle von starren Auflagern wie beispielsweise Wandscheiben deutlich herabgesetzt. In Teil 1 dieses Beitrags wurde ein Bemessungsmodell für Querkraft bei biegeweicher Lagerung hergeleitet. Der vorliegende zweite Teil beschreibt die Kalibrierung und Validierung der Modellparameter anhand der Ergebnisse von 21 Großversuchen an biegeweich gelagerten Deckensystemen aus Finnland und Deutschland.Shear design of prestressed hollow core slabs on flexible supports – Part 2: Model calibration and validationThe shear resistance of hollow core slabs is considerably reduced when the slabs are bedded on flexible supports like slender beams or girders instead of rigid walls. In the first part of this paper a design model to determine the shear resistance on flexible supports has been derived. This second part describes the calibration and validation of the model parameters based on the results of 21 full‐scale tests on floor systems with flexible supports from Finland and Germany.
Fertigteillösung für ein geometrisch anspruchsvolles Bauwerk
Authors: Fastabend Michael , Albert Mark 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFür die Erstellung einer Abfahrtsrampe für das Parkdeck eines Geschäftshauses war aufgrund von terminlichen Zwängen der Bauausführung, sowie des Wunsches nach einer Sichtbetonqualität aller Konstruktionselemente und der Notwendigkeit einer möglichst unterstützungsfreien Bauweise die geplante monolithische Ortbetonkonstruktion zu einer Fertigteilkonstruktion umzuplanen. Anhand dieses Beispiels aus der Praxis werden die Vorteile einer Fertigteilkonstruktion sowie die zu beachtenden statischen und konstruktiven Randbedingungen bei dem Wechsel von einer monolithischen Konstruktion auf eine Bauweise mit vorgefertigten Elementen erläutert. Der Fokus wird insbesondere auf die erforderliche Ausbildung der Anschlussdetails für die Fertigteillösung gerichtet.