bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: Outcomes and Predictors
Authors: Karikalan Suganya , Lee Justin Z. , Tan Min‐Choon , Zhang Nan , Killu Ammar M. , Deshmukh Abhishek J. , McLeod Christopher J. , Sorajja Dan , El‐Masry Hicham , Mulpuru Siva K. , Cha Yong‐Mei , Scott Luis 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe factors contributing to sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) >30 days after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation are not well‐established.ObjectivesThis study aimed to predict the factors associated with late sustained VAs after LVAD implantation and develop a predictive score to identify patients with an increased risk of late sustained VAs after the procedure.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study on a training cohort of 623 patients and a validation cohort of 157 patients who underwent LVAD implantation at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Phoenix, and Jacksonville) from January 1, 2000, to December 30, 2020. Late sustained VAs were defined as ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurring >30 days after the LVAD procedure. Detailed chart reviews of the electronic health records within the Mayo Clinic and outside medical records were performed.ResultsA total of 780 patients were included in our study. Late sustained VAs occurred in 30% (n = 232) of the patients. The significant factors associated with late sustained VAs after LVAD were the history of VAs prior to LVAD (34.1% vs. 23.0%, p < 0.01), implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) (87.9% vs. 77.6%, p < 0.01) or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in situ (43.5% vs. 33.6%, p = 0.008), VT ablation prior to LVAD (5.2% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.010), use of amiodarone (49.1% vs. 38.7%, p = 0.007), use of mexiletine (15.5% vs. 5.7%, p < 0.01), and higher left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD) on echocardiography prior to LVAD implantation (71.4 vs. 68.7 mm, p = 0.002). During follow‐up, the patients who developed late sustained VAs after LVAD had lower survival than those who did not (HR = 1.96, 95% CI:156–2.4, p < 0.001). The average time from LVAD to orthotopic heart transplant was longer among late sustained VAs patients (23 vs. 14 months, p < 0.01). The “VIN” risk score was created to identify four risk groups: low (scores 0), intermediate (score 1), high (score 2), and very high (score 3). The rates of late VA's in the training cohort at 1 year were 9.5%, 14%, 18%, and 25% which was almost similar to the risk of late VA's at validation cohort 10%, 12%, 20%, and 63%, respectively.ConclusionsLate sustained VAs occurred in 30% of the patients who received LVAD and were associated with lower survival. The VIN risk score was developed and validated to stratify patients into low, intermediate, high, and very high risk of late sustained VAs.
The Janus face of Bifidobacterium in the development of atopic eczema: A role for compositional maturation
Authors: Depner Martin , Taft Diana Hazard , Peschel Stefanie , Roduit Caroline , Karvonen Anne M. , Barnig Cindy , Divaret‐Chauveau Amandine , Riedler Josef , Pekkanen Juha , Schmausser‐Hechfellner Elisabeth , Pagani Giulia , Lauener Roger , Roponen Marjut , Renz Harald , Pfefferle Petra Ina , Schaub Bianca , von Mutius Erika , Kirjavainen Pirkka V. , Ege Markus J. ,   the PASTURE study group
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAtopic eczema often develops in the first year of life, when the composition of the gut microbiota is most plastic as illustrated by the decrease in bifidobacteria after weaning. This may provide the opportunity for microbial stimuli and their environmental determinants to alter the disease course.ObjectivesTo determine the role of the genus Bifidobacterium for atopic eczema in early childhood.MethodsWe analysed the bacterial composition in fecal samples of 618 children of the PASTURE (“Protection against Allergy—Study in Rural Environments”) birth cohort using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of fecal samples collected at 2 and 12 months of age. Atopic eczema was defined as a parent‐reported doctor's diagnosis until 2 years, and patterns of rash symptoms were classified by latent class analysis. We applied mediation models to assess direct and microbiota‐mediated effects of environmental determinants on atopic eczema.ResultsThe Bifidobacterium composition observed at 2 months was inversely related to atopic eczema (OR = 0.68 [0.53–0.87], p = .002) and persistent rash. This association was not seen at 12 months, when the composition of Bifidobacterium amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) was altered. The effect of beneficial ASVs at 2 months (OR = 0.72 [0.57–0.91]) was lost at 12 months (OR = 0.97 [0.76–1.24]), when distinct bifidobacteria tended to be positively related to late‐onset rash.ConclusionsThe subgenus composition of Bifidobacterium undergoes substantial changes in the first year of life. The protective effect of Bifidobacterium depends on the ASV composition at the respective age of the infant, highlighting the importance of timing in prevention strategies targeting infant‐microbe interactions.
BR signalling haplotypes contribute to indica–japonica differentiation for grain yield and quality in rice
Authors: Yang Xinyi , Zhang Juncheng , Wang Lusheng , Zhang Chunyu , Xu Pengkun , Li Yanhua , Yu Sibin , Li Yibo 
Published: February 2025

SummaryThe functional difference of natural variations in conserved BR signalling genes and the genetic basis of rice indica–japonica differentiation are important yet unknown. Here, we discovered natural variations of the four key components (OsBRI1, OsBAK1, OsGSK3 and OsBZR1) in BR signalling pathway by GWAS using an indicator of indica–japonica differentiation in rice. Two major BR signalling haplotypes (BSHs), caused by co‐selected variations of the four genetically unlinked genes, were identified to be highly differentiated between rice subspecies. The genetic contributions of BSHs to grain yield and quality were much higher than that of each component. Introducing alleles of japonica into indica employing substitution lines of OsBAK1, complementation lines of OsGSK3 and genetic populations of OsBRI1/OsBAK1/OsGSK3 confirmed their functional differences between two subspecies. The BSH differentiation led to weaker interaction between OsBRI1 and OsBAK1, stronger autophosphorylation and kinase activity of OsGSK3, less RNA/proteins and stronger phosphorylation of OsBZR1, and weaker BR sensitivity in indica than japonica rice, and regular expression trends of BR‐response genes between subspecies, and then synergistically enhanced yield and superior quality of indica. Our results demonstrate that BSHs contribute to rice inter‐subspecies diversity, and will provide proof‐of‐concept breeding strategy and useful targets in crops.
Structure‐based virtual screening aids the identification of glycosyltransferases in the biosynthesis of salidroside
Authors: Yao Yan , Chen Fangfang , Wu Chaoyan , Chang Xiaosa , Cheng Weijia , Wang Qiuxia , Deng Zixin , Liu Tiangang , Lu Li 
Published: February 2025

SummaryGlycosylation plays an important role in the structural diversification of plant natural products. The identification of efficient glycosyltransferases is also a crucial step for the biosynthesis of valuable glycoside products. However, functional characterization of glycosyltransferases (GTs) from an extensive plant gene list is labour‐intensive and challenging. Salidroside is a bioactive component derived from plants, widely utilized in the fields of food and medicine. Here, through transcriptome analysis and structure‐based virtual screening, we identified two GTs that participated in the biosynthesis of salidroside from a rarely studied herbaceous plant, Astilbe chinensis. Ach15909 was found to possess high catalytic activity as evidenced by the determination of its catalytic parameters. The key residues that determine its catalytic activity were further determined. Additionally, Ach15909 shows a preference for substrates with a volume of <150 Å3, and replacing the interdomain linker region located between the N‐ and C‐terminal domains of Ach15909 allows it to accept substrates that were previously not catalyzable. Overall, the structure‐based virtual screening approach showed high efficiency and cost‐effectiveness; the successful identification of GTs in salidroside glycosylation sheds light on uncovering additional plant biosynthesis enzymes in the forthcoming research.
PmRad23d Interacts With PmSRC2 and PmCAR4 to Mediate the Abscisic Acid‐Dependent Drought Response in Prunus mira Koehne
Authors: Li Jianxin , Lei Pei , Jiang Yaxuan , Ji Ximei , Meng Fanjuan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDrought significantly restricts the growth and quality of fruit trees Prunus mira, an ancient wild peach species, exhibits strong drought tolerance; however, the detailed response mechanism remains unknown. The nucleic acid excision repair factor radiation sensitivity 23d (Rad23d) plays a crucial role in plant stress, growth, and development. However, its specific mechanism of action in P. mira is unclear. Here, we report that PmRad23d positively contributes to the abscisic acid (ABA)‐dependent drought response in P. mira. Overexpression of PmRad23d enhanced drought tolerance and ABA sensitivity, whereas inhibiting PmRad23d expression reduced the plant's drought tolerance and ABA sensitivity. PmRad23d was found to interact with the C2 domain at the N‐terminus of PmSRC2 and PmCAR4, respectively. Together, they regulate the expression of ABA‐ and drought‐related genes, activate ABA signaling, and induce stomatal closure, ultimately enhancing drought resistance in plants. Our findings shed light on the ABA‐dependent drought response mechanism of PmRad23d, providing a basis for further exploration of drought tolerance in P. mira. Additionally, this study identifies potential candidate genes for enhancing peach germplasm resources and breeding drought‐tolerant cultivars.
Defective Processing of Cytoplasmic and Chloroplast Ribosomal RNA in the Absence of Arabidopsis DXO1
Authors: Zakrzewska‐Placzek Monika , Golisz‐Mocydlarz Anna , Kwasnik Aleksandra , Krzyszton Michal , Niedzwiecka Katarzyna , Kufel Joanna 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDecapping 5′‐3′ exoribonucleases from the DXO/Rai1 family are highly conserved among eukaryotes and exhibit diverse enzymatic activities depending on the organism. The biochemical and structural properties of the plant DXO1 differ from the yeast and animal counterparts, which is reflected in the in vivo functions of this enzyme. Here we show that Arabidopsis DXO1 contributes to the efficient processing of rRNA precursors in both nucleolar/cytosolic and chloroplast maturation pathways. However, the processing defects in DXO1‐deficient plants do not depend on the catalytic activity of the enzyme but rely on its plant‐specific N‐terminal extension, which is responsible for the interaction with the mRNA cap methyltransferase RNMT1. Our RNA sequencing analyses show that the dxo1 mutation deregulates the expression of many ribosomal protein genes, most likely leading to inefficient or delayed pre‐rRNA maturation. These phenotypes are partially suppressed by RNMT1 overexpression, suggesting that defective cap synthesis may be responsible, at least to some extent, for the observed effects.
Leaf Beetle Symbiotic Bacteria Degrade Chlorogenic Acid of Poplar Induced by Egg Deposition to Enhance Larval Survival
Authors: Li Bin , Liu Fengjie , He Xin , Liu Yipeng , Liu Xiaolong , Lu Min 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInsect symbiotic microbiota acting as a third‐party force of plant‐insect interactions, play a significant role in insect hosts tolerance to phytochemical defences. However, it remains unknown whether insect symbiotic bacteria can assist the host in degrading phytochemical defences induced by egg deposition. Plagiodera versicolora is a worldwide forest pest. Our study showed that P. versicolora egg deposition on Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana induced significant changes in the transcriptome and metabolome of leaves. Combined qRT‐PCR and LC‐MS quantitative analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the contents of chlorogenic acid and rutin were significantly increased upon egg deposition in poplar. Bioassays indicated that the high concentration of chlorogenic acid induced by egg deposition could significantly reduce the performance of germ‐free larvae. Six symbiotic bacterial strains with potential ability to degrade chlorogenic acid were isolated and identified. Their degradation products did not affect larval survival either. In vivo inoculation assays showed that four of those symbiotic bacteria could assist in the degradation of high concentration of chlorogenic acid induced by egg deposition and improve the larval survival. Our study provides clear evidence that the insect symbiotic bacteria can mediate the tolerance of herbivorous insects against plant toxins induced by egg deposition.
Distinct delay discounting patterns in anorexia nervosa: Comparing monetary and exercise rewards across clinical subgroups
Authors: Meneguzzo Paolo , Ladduca Luisa , Balducci Pietro , Meregalli Valentina , Bucci Enrica , Pillan Anna , Cazzola Chiara , Garolla Alice , Bonello Elisa , Buscaglia Francesca , Todisco Patrizia 
Published: February 2025

AimsPeople with anorexia nervosa (AN) often engage in compulsive exercise to control weight and manage emotions, altering the reward associated with physical activity. Delay‐discounting evaluates preference for immediate over delayed rewards, potentially indicating struggles with prioritizing long‐term gains. However, the impact of AN on these factors remains unexplored. This study aims to assess the attitudes of individuals with AN using a modified exercise delay discount task, comparing them with the general population.MethodsA sample of 76 individuals (70 women, 92.1%) with a diagnosis of AN was compared with a sample of 124 people (115 women, 92.7%) without a lifetime diagnosis of any eating disorder. Two different delay discount tasks were used to evaluate different constructs: a standardized monetary delay discount task and a modified version focused on physical activity.ResultsThe standardized monetary delay discount task confirmed the existence of varied monetary rewards in different subtypes of AN. The exercise‐related task demonstrated a specific emphasis on exercise within AN, showing a tendency to delay physical activity by looking for a greater amount of exercise. On the contrary, the general population opted for immediate exercise proposals.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the tendency to delay physical activity could be related to the compulsive nature of exercise in patients with AN, with a possible change in cognitive evaluation based on the magnitude of exercise. Finally, in addition to psychological problems related to eating disorders, additional cognitive factors likely contribute to exercise compulsiveness, necessitating further research exploration.
Cosmeceuticals in the Pediatric Population Part I: A Review of Risks and Available Evidence
Authors: Goff Gabrielle Keller , Stein Sarah L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe rise in the use of cosmeceuticals among children and adolescents has created a new challenge for dermatologists, who are confronted with the task of advising young patients on the risks that these products can carry and the often questionable efficacy of these products. While some cosmeceuticals can be beneficial for this population when used correctly, such as broad‐spectrum sunscreen or specific anti‐acne agents, other products may not carry benefits for young skin and could even cause complications, particularly in young consumers who have skin conditions such as acne or atopic dermatitis. Many of the common ingredients in cosmeceutical products have had very limited (if any) studies conducted in pediatric populations, and much of the data regarding the efficacy claims and risks of these products must be inferred from studies in adult patients.
Polarization on social media: Comparing the dynamics of interaction networks and language‐based opinion distributions
Authors: Durrheim Kevin , Schuld Maria 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhen people share information and converse on social media, they create “echo chambers” through preferential attachment to like‐minded people and opinions they already support. A great deal of research uses interactional ties between people—created by retweeting and following—to identify and study polarization in social networks. Some of this work then uses language analysis to characterize the opinions and concerns of subcommunities in the network. We used machine learning to create “speaker landscapes” that can identify polarization in user language (in tweets about COVID‐19 vaccination) independently of the social networks created by user interactions via retweeting. In contrast to the prevailing assumptions, we found that distances between users in interaction networks did not predict their language similarity very well. We then compared the effect of a polarizing event (the declaration of the COVID‐19 pandemic) on polarization between communities in the retweet networks and the speaker landscapes. We found that retweeting was done both to support and to criticize claims and that polarization between Democrats and Republicans emerged much more strongly in the speaker landscapes than the interaction networks. The results suggest that different cognitive‐motivational dynamics affect who we interact with and what we say on social media, raising questions about how language is used to promote polarization.
The dual impact of meritocracy and denial of gender discrimination in political candidacy
Authors: Kim Hanna 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDespite progress in gender equality, women remain underrepresented in politics, with a prevailing belief that barriers to gender discrimination have been virtually eliminated. This study examines why some women deny the existence of a glass ceiling despite facing gender discrimination, proposing that meritocracy ideology plays a role. Analyzing data from the World Values Survey, the study revealed that while meritocracy reduces prejudice about men's suitability for leadership, it is also linked to denying gender discrimination in political opportunities. This dual influence varies by national context: the negative link between meritocracy and explicit sexism is stronger in countries with lower women's empowerment, while the denial of gender discrimination in political representation is more pronounced in countries with higher women's empowerment.
The level of endogenous brassinosteroid regulated by CYP90C1 is associated with tetraploid birch (Betula pendula) leaf morphology variations
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Chen Kun , Zhang Qingzhu , Wang Wei , Liu Guifeng , Jiang Jing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPolyploid plants typically exhibit phenotypes distinct from diploids. Understanding the mechanism underlying plant polyploid phenotype variation is a critical prerequisite for effectively utilizing polyploid resources. In this study, we induced and obtained autotetraploid birch along with its diploid parent. Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in the morphology of leaves and stems between them. Transcriptome analysis indicated that 3.86% of genes showed significant differential expression between diploids and tetraploids. The genes significantly downregulated in tetraploids were primarily associated with functional terms related to hormone regulation, plant development, and morphogenesis. Notably, a group of genes involved in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis was downregulated in tetraploids, and the level of active BRs in tetraploids was significantly lower than that in diploids. A Cas9/gRNA gene editing method was used to perform functional deletion mutations on BpCYP90C1. The knockout of BpCYP90C1 resulted in limited biosynthesis of 6‐deoxoCS and CS in plants. Compared with wild‐type (WT) plants, the bpcyp90c1 mutants exhibited a significant increase in leaf epidermal cell and a decrease in the number of leaf epidermal cells. The bpcyp90c1 mutants had curled leaves with obvious serrated edges and cordate base. Furthermore, the height and internode spacing of the bpcyp90c1 mutants were shorter. These phenotypic variations were similar to those of tetraploid birch. This indicates that the decrease in active BR levels was an important factor affecting the variation of tetraploid leaves and stems. Our research provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms of phenotypic variation in autopolyploid plants.
Suppression of MdPRP6 enhances adaptation of apple plants to long‐term drought
Authors: Zhao Benzhou , Liu Qianwei , Luo Lin , Zhou Hui , Zhang Xiaoli , Ma Fengwang , Gong Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractApples are one of the world's four most economically significant fruits, and drought stress is an important factor limiting the development of the global apple industry. Here, we demonstrate that a proline‐rich protein (PRP), MdPRP6, is an important factor regulating the long‐term drought adaptation of apple plants. Suppression of MdPRP6 in apple plants (MdPRP6‐Ri) enhances their adaptation to long‐term moderate drought conditions, as indicated by their significantly higher biomass and relative water content (RWC) compared with wild‐type (WT) plants. Under drought stress, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) were higher, and photosystem II (PSII) damage was lower in MdPRP6‐Ri plants than in WT plants. Suppression of MdPRP6 increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), which reduced oxidative damage to apple leaves under drought stress. The stomatal openings of MdPRP6‐Ri plants were larger than those of WT plants; the WUEI and WUEL were thus higher in MdPRP6‐Ri plants than in WT plants under long‐term moderate drought stress. We also found that suppression of MdPRP6 increased the wax content of the leaf epidermis, which limits water evaporation caused by non‐stomatal factors under drought stress. In sum, our findings suggest that MdPRP6 negatively affects the long‐term drought adaptation of apple plants, possibly by modulating both stomatal and non‐stomatal water loss.