bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_216A: Task force study for evaluation of community level acceptability, scalability and linkage within health system of ICMR pre-validated Labike/ Technologies for screening & diagnosis in rural & urban population–An implementation research
Authors: Gour Devendra 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The concept of ABDM- Ayushman Bharat Digital Health Mission and Ayushman Bharat- Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna are in root for overall aims of the research and importance of this research proposal. There is a need to study the acceptability & scalability of ICMR pre-validated technologies -Mobile Lab technology & digital technologies, skilled manpower needed for health data updating from individuals given individual health ids.

Objectives:
To do situational analysis of availability of medical diagnostic, testing facilities in under privileged/ remote areas.

Methodology:
Study Design – Implementation research, Sample - 1000 households (5000 population) have been equally enrolled from rural and urban areas which are further equally divided into two groups of control and intervention. Base Line Data has been collected on following information- socio-demographic characteristics, blood pressure measurement, health needs, health seeking behavior of community, availability and utilization of existing health care facilities and blood investigations. Study tools: Questionnaire for baseline survey – After informed consent, interview of the family head was done using set of quantitative and open-end qualitative questionnaires.

Results:
77.9% and 69.3% belong to Upper Lower class in urban and rural areas. 21% and 15.6 % blood pressure measurements were deranged in urban and rural areas, 11.8 % and 10% population in urban and rural areas showed their willingness for lab investigations at door step through LABIKE. Blood glucose measurements of 5.4 % and 10.6% population in urban and rural areas were deranged. Haemoglobin values of 11.8 % and 17% population in urban and rural areas were low than 10 g/dl. 7 % and 12.7 % population in urban and rural areas utilized existing health care facilities.

Conclusion:
There is need to generate robust grass root level network by integrating community and health service providers.
IJCM_219A: A “One Health” Model for Prevention and Control of Anthrax in Koraput, Odisha, India
Authors: Biswal Sangram , Sahoo P , Satpathy S , Tripathy GK , Papanna M , Sahoo N , Hossain S 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Anthrax, a neglected zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, poses a significant threat in Odisha, India, particularly in the tribal district of Koraput, which has reported numerous human cases and deaths but lacks consistent robust surveillance.

Objectives:
This study aimed to pilot a “One Health” surveillance model in Koraput, involving community health workers, para-veterinarians, and block- level teams in outbreak investigations.

Methodology:
As part of the “One Health Approach to Anthrax Control in India (OHAI)” project Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT), in collaboration with the Departments of Animal Husbandry and Health and Family Welfare, Government of Odisha, initiated prospective laboratory-based anthrax surveillance in three blocks of Koraput. Confirmed cases in animals were identified via microscopic, culture, or PCR testing for Bacillus anthracis. Community awareness programs and rapport-building exercises were conducted with human and veterinary officials at the block and district levels following the detection of outbreaks.

Results:
Between March and June 2023, five anthrax outbreaks were detected in Koraput, with four involving both cutaneous human and animal deaths and one in animals only. Livestock losses included cattle (27), goats (2), and buffalo (1). Of the 38 samples collected (blood, bone, tissue, and soil), 11 (35%) tested positive for anthrax by RT-PCR. OUAT rapidly communicated results (<24 hours) to the state health department, leading to joint investigations and control measures, including livestock vaccination, safe carcass disposal, and medical outreach camps for screening and prophylaxis. In total, five district/block level meetings and two state-level consultations were held, culminating in a zoonotic roadmap draft, which included an anthrax prevention and control action plan.

Conclusion:
The study’s adoption of the One Health framework facilitated a rapid response to anthrax outbreaks in Koraput, effectively managing both human and animal cases. This model presents a viable approach for controlling anthrax in endemic areas of India.
IJCM_22A: Impact of Pranayama and Dhyana intervention on metabolic syndrome among women: community based repeated measures design
Authors: Rao Chythra R , Bidnurmath Ashwini S , Shetty Avinash , Kamath Asha 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults in India, is reported to be around 20%-25%, with significantly higher proportion among women than men. Yoga interventions has been promoted as an important non- pharmacological tool to address the growing burden of non-communicable diseases.

Objectives:
To assess the effectiveness of a pranayama and intervention (yoga) intervention on various components of metabolic syndrome among 30 to 60-year-old women with hypertension.

Methodology:
A community based repeated measures design was undertaken 156 among hypertensive women (79 intervention, 77 controls) residing in coastal part of southern India. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBS) and lipids were measured. Six-month pranayama and dhyana intervention were administered to the intervention arm, whereas routine treatment was continued for the control arm. Follow-up was done to ensure practice of interventions while investigations were done at baseline and 6th month.

Results:
Majority of the women in the intervention and control arm were aged 45-60 years. In the intervention arm, using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria, most [57(72.2%)] of the women had elevated blood pressure. Nearly half of them [38(48.1%)] had abdominal obesity, elevated FBS was seen among 39(49.4%) and 50.6% had low HDL. Hypertriglyceridemia was seen in less than a third [23(29.1%)] women. In the control arm, most [52(70.3%)] of the women had elevated blood pressure, 27(36.5%)] had abdominal obesity, half of them had elevated FBS [39(52.7%)] and low HDL [36(48.6%)]. Hypertriglyceridemia was seen in 21(28.4%) women. No significant change was noted at the end of 6th month follow-up in body mass index (BMI) (p=0.533), systolic(p=0.051) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.485).

Conclusion:
There was no significant difference in the 6th month prevalence of components of metabolic syndrome compared to baseline, in both arms of the study.
IJCM_220A: Proportion of self-medication among elderly in a tertiary hospital in southern Kerala - a cross sectional study
Authors: Varughese Steffi Ann 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The use of drugs, herbs, or home remedies on one’s own initiative, or on the advice of another person, without consulting a doctor. Over-the-counter availability of medicines, promotion of drugs, lack of proper awareness regarding the drug and its side effects, unheeded drug policies are all leading causes of antimicrobial resistance in today’s world.

Objectives:
To determine the proportion and determinants of self-medication among elderly individuals above 50 years of age visiting the district hospital in South Kerala

Methodology:
A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in the inpatients above 50 years of age from the Medicine, Surgery, Pulmonology, Cardiology departments of the district hospital, Kollam. Minimum sample size was calculated to be 156 and convenience sampling was done. A semi-structured questionnaire was formulated, and data was collected in interview mode over the months of June-July 2022. Data was tabulated using MS-Excel and statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 21. Descriptive statistics were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Chi square test was used to test any differences between proportions.

Results:
Among 156 participants more than half of the study participants (52.6%) with a history of self-medication described as more often (51.2%). 50% with history reported symptoms like gastritis, followed by diarrhoea, anxiety and sleep disturbances. The most commonly self-medicated drugs were Paracetamol (85.4%) followed by cetirizine (14.6%), cough syrups (12.2%) and antibiotics (9.7%) like Azithromycin and Amoxiclav

Conclusion:
Self-medication practices come with a lot of potential risks, like incorrect self-diagnosis, severe adverse reactions, delay in seeking medical care, incorrect choice of therapy and administration of drugs, drug interactions, masking of severe disease, dependence and abuse.
IJCM_222A: Assessment of Implementation of Health and Wellness Centers in Kashmir Valley. A Descriptive Study
Authors: Shahroz  , Khan Muhammad Salim , Ayub Taha , Haq Inam ul , Pandit Mohammad Iqbal , Qurieshi Mariya , Kawoosa Misbah Feroz , Sabah Iram , Lone Abdul Aziz , Sumji Ishtiyaq Ahmad 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Health and wellness canters component were launched under the ambit of Ayushman Bharat Yojana. In Kashmir, there was scarce data regarding health and wellness centers implementation therefore this study was undertaken to identify the gaps in implementation of the program at grassroot levels.

Objective:
to assess and compare the existing staff, services, lab services and infrastructure at health and wellness centers across ten districts of Kashmir valley.

Methodology:
a descriptive cross-sectional study was done to evaluate the implementation of health and wellness centers in ten districts of Kashmir valley. study population: staff at health and wellness centers study setting: selected health and wellness centers in 10 districts of Kashmir valley sampling: convenient sampling and random sampling 10 % of upgraded health and wellness center in each district at the beginning and 12 months of study. study timeline: 15months data collection 12 months interpretation 3 months study tools: preformed checklist, semi open questionnaires interviews

Results:
the results of the study indicated that there was still a gap in implementation of program as per guidelines. there were deficiencies in terms of yoga and wellness, proper space for health and wellness centers and staff was not trained properly about the program.

Conclusion:
this study was done in Kashmir valley to asess the implementation of health and wellness center component of Ayushman Bharat yojana. the study highlighted important deficiencies during the implementation of the program as per guidelines.
IJCM_224A: Routine Immunization coverage in less than 2 years residing in the filed practice area of a Medical college, Dharwad, Karnataka
Authors: Priya Prachi , Dixit Umesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Immunization is the process whereby a person is offered protection from or is made resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Immunization is most successful and cost-effective public health interventions which averts about 3 million deaths annually. According to (NFHS) 4, children in the age group of 12 to 23 months who were fully immunized with BCG, measles, and 3 doses each of polio and DPT was 62.0% at the national level and 62.6% for Karnataka.

Objective:
The present study is an attempt to know the factors influencing the coverage of immunization in children between 12 -23 months who are residing in the field practice areas of the department of Community Medicine of SDMCMSH, Dharwad

Methodology:
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 91 rural children and 134 urban children between age group 12-23 months under field practice area of SDMCMSH, Dharwad

Results:
Out of 225 children studied, 134 from urban setting 74.6% were fully immunized. 91 from rural setting 89% were fully immunized. While un complete immunization coverage in urban and rural is 25.4% and 11% respectively Furthermore it was observed that factors like number of ANC visits the mother had, gender of the child, distance of the immunization center from the home, and educational level of the parents did not significantly influence the immunization status.

Conclusion:
We conclude from our study that the complete immunization coverage is 74.6% in the urban setting and in rural setting complete immunization coverage is 89%.
IJCM_225A: Assessment of factors influencing measles vaccine uptake in a metropolitan city: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rujuta  , Chandanshive Pradnya 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Globally, measles deaths were estimated to be over 1,28,000 in the year 2021, despite the easy availability of safe and effective vaccines to prevent the infection. Routine childhood immunization coverage rates dropped during the COVID-19 pandemic and India has been one of the worst affected countries. The most recent measles outbreak was reported last year in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Objectives:
1. To estimate the level of uptake of measles vaccine in children aged 12 months to 5 years 2. To determine the factors associated with the uptake of measles vaccine.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 months in a municipal ward of Mumbai during Oct-Nov 2023 in mothers with children aged 12 to 60 months, living in the area for at least past 6 months. Five out of fifteen clusters of Municipal Health Post areas were selected randomly & from each, 82 eligible households were chosen randomly for door-to-door interviews with the participants.

Results:
Among the sample of 428 children, measles vaccine coverage was 96.7%, but only 263 (61.45%) children were vaccinated in timely manner. The facilitator for mothers in vaccine uptake was receiving information from healthcare workers during and after pregnancy (77.57%). The barriers were lack of information about vaccination schedule (18.69%), and child being unwell during vaccination (10.74%).

Conclusion:
Huge efforts have been taken by the Public Health Department for achieving this level of vaccine coverage, however, measles elimination is still a challenge due to delayed vaccination.
IJCM_227A: Perception and attitude towards Generic drug prescription among Medical Undergraduates of Mangalore
Authors: Chauhan Nupur , Mithra Prasanna , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Kumar Nithin , Rajpurohit Trisha , Chakerverty Vrenda , Krishna Mahathi , Rao Mithun 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The assessment of future doctor’s perceptions and understanding about generic medicines may help in recognizing possible barriers to greater generic medicine usage. This study was done to explore and evaluate the perceptions and attitudes towards prescribing generic drugs among medical undergraduates of Mangalore and the factors associated with it.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among Undergraduate Medical students of KMC, Mangalore. The data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results were expressed in tables and figures. The chi-square test was used for comparison across the groups, and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The study was conducted among 282 students, with a mean age of 21 years. More than half of the participants,51.4%(n=145) were VI semester students. A higher proportion of them,72% were aware that generic medicine contains the same active substance(s) as the brand medicine, and 75.2% were aware that generic drug manufacturers need to conduct bioequivalence studies to show equivalence between the generic medicine and the branded medicine. Overall,64.9% agreed that generics are safe and 80.9% students think that there should be a training program to increase the awareness regarding generic drugs among doctors and patients.

Conclusion:
Although a good percentage of students had adequate knowledge about generic medicines; there was a significant proportion that expressed concerns about the same. These beliefs could represent a major hurdle to larger generic use and could lead to increased health-care expenses.
IJCM_228A: Awareness & possession of health insurance scheme and its impact on health care utilization amongst people seeking services in tertiary care hospitals of coastal Karnataka: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Surendran Jithin , Rekha T , Ommen Sara J , Aggarwal Muskaan , Akshita  , Johari Aali , Mohan Shruti , Jetly Bhuvi , Talukdar Shibam , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Healthcare is a fundamental human right, and various insurance schemes in India strive to make healthcare inexpensive and accessible to everyone. The government’s Ayushman Bharat and PMJAY programmes aim to guarantee universal health coverage and financial risk protection for households within the country. According to the NITI Ayog, more than 40 crore people lack health insurance coverage in the country. This lack of awareness limits access to healthcare services, especially for the marginalized population. The focus of this study is to assess the impact of availing health insurance on healthcare utilization.

Objective:
To assess the level of awareness and proportion of patients who are availing health insurance scheme and its impact on healthcare utilisation.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was carried out at teaching hospitals affiliated with Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. The sample size was estimated to be 118, which included the adult patients admitted to the wards of respective hospitals who gave informed consent. The study participants received an internally verified questionnaire with four sections in Kannada and English.

Results:
Out of 118 participants, 89% are literate, and two-thirds are holders of BPL card. 84% of study participants are aware of a certain health insurance scheme, among which 90% being aware of the services offered and 82% considering it may be a worthwhile investment. 60% of total respondents possessed any kind of insurance scheme, with three quarters of them utilizing government schemes. Among the insurance holders, 82% receive full reimbursement for their medical condition and 58.5% agree that owning health insurance enables them greater access to health-care services. Paying medical expenses out of pocket drives uninsured people to reconsider obtaining an insurance.

Conclusion:
Public awareness and financial assistance programs should be tailored with culturally competent communication and simplified enrolment processes to enhance the coverage of health insurance services.
IJCM_232A: Identification of Kinematic Motifs in Crouch Gait of Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Krishnan Shyam K , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Joshua Abraham M , Krishnan C.M.C , Figardo Sheron , Poojary Manish C , Kumar Abhishek 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Crouch Gait is a fairly common pathological gait adaptation seen in children with Cerebral Palsy, characterized by inadequacy of plantar flexion, knee extension and hip extension in the stance phase of gait. From a kinetic perspective crouch gait severely impairs the ability to generate thrusting forces through the extensor muscles of stance extremity which is necessary for forward progression. Broader goal of this study was to develop and test a wearable robotic exoskeletal device for children with crouch gait, where a knee actuator provides extensor thrust. Artificial Intelligence (AI) models which control the torque output of the knee actuator, needed to be trained to activate, control, or organize the output.

Objectives:
Rhythmical/repetitive patterns, like the phases of normal gait, needed to be identified in crouch gait, which could be used to train AI models

Methodology:
A total of 30 children with cerebral palsy were screened of which 7 children aged between 7 and 14 years, who presented with classical crouch gait were recruited. Kinesiological data was collected through accelerometric and goniometric placed bilaterally on thigh, leg, and knee, as well as pressure sensors embedded on to bilateral insoles at the fore-foot and hind foot, while the children walked over a 5 meter course. All sensor data was relayed through an Arduino micro-controller unit for analog to digital conversion and stored on a laptop computer. All Accelerometer and goniometric data was plotted against time on MS Excel to identify specific patterns or motifs.

Results:
Key kinematic motifs could be identified in crouch gait, which bestowed semblance of rhythmicity, and cyclical pattern, which was difficult to identify under normal observation.

Conclusion:
Accelerometric, as well as goniometric data suggest the presence of inherent kinematic patterns in the same. These could be used for training AI models for robotic exoskeletal devices.
IJCM_234A: Malaria Surveillance System Assessment in Jashpur district, Chhattisgarh State, India, January - March 2023
Authors: Girhay Prashant , Kokare Vikas , Dzeyie Kevisetuo Anthony 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Globally in 2021, 247 million malaria cases were reported from 84 malaria endemic countries. India is committed to eliminate malaria by year 2030. India reported >160,000 malaria cases in 2021 and 2022; 65% cases from four states-West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Orrisa and Jharkhand.

Objectives:
We assessed malaria surveillance system in Jashpur district to describe epidemiology of reported malaria cases, for its strengths and weaknesses and to provide evidence-based recommendations.

Methodology:
We analyzed surveillance data for the year 2022. We assessed timeliness and completeness attributes of the system using US CDC guidelines for evaluating the surveillance system of the five randomly selected reporting units (RUs) for January-March 2023. We reviewed surveillance data reporting portal, hospital records and interviewed key informants. We analyzed data using MS Excel and calculated frequencies and proportion

Results:
Jashpur reported 269 cases in 2022; 51% female, 58% among tribal community, 89% above 15 years and 90% were of plasmodium falciparum. The maximum number of cases were reported during July to November with peak in the month of August. The annual parasite index (API) per 1000 population was 0.3 for the district, however two blocks had API of >0.5. All the five RUs submitted monthly reports timely. Of the ten reporting formats reviewed, 48% critical blank fields were not filled.

Conclusion:
Malaria surveillance system in Jashpur detected cases largely among tribal community, identified high burden blocks with good timeliness but require improvement in complete information. We recommended district to focus preventive public health measures in high burden blocks and orient the laboratory technicians for complete data entry in line list of cases.