bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable Synthesis of a Monophase Nickel Phosphide/Carbon (Ni5P4/C) Composite Electrode via Wet‐Chemistry and a Solid‐State Reaction for the Anode in Lithium Secondary Batteries
Authors: Lu Yi , Tu Jiang‐Ping , Xiong Qin‐Qin , Xiang Jia‐Yuan , Mai Yong‐Jin , Zhang Jun , Qiao Yan‐Qiang , Wang Xiu‐Li , Gu Chang‐Dong , Mao Scott X. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA monophase nickel phosphide/carbon (Ni5P4/C) composite with a thin carbon shell is controllably synthesized via the two‐step strategy of a wet‐chemistry reaction and a solid‐state reaction. In this fabrication, the further diffusion of phosphorus atoms in the carbon shell during the solid‐state reaction can be responsible for a chemical transformation from a binary phase of Ni5P4‐Ni2P to monophase Ni5P4. Galvanostatic charge‐discharge measurements indicate that the Ni5P4/C composite exhibits a superior, high rate capacibility and good cycling stability. About 76.6% of the second capacity (644.1 mA h g−1) can be retained after 50 cycles at a 0.1 C rate. At a high rate of 3 C, the specific capacity of Ni5P4/C is still as high as 357.1 mA h g−1. Importantly, the amorphous carbon shell can enhance the conductivity of the composite and suppress the aggregation of the active particles, leading to their structure stability and reversibility during cycling. As is confirmed from X‐ray‐diffraction analysis, no evident microstructural changes occur upon cycling. These results reveal that highly crystalline Ni5P4/C is one of the most promising anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
Cumulative trauma disorders among California veterinarians
Authors: Berry Steven L. , Susitaival Päivikki , Ahmadi Abbas , Schenker Marc B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) in veterinarians has not been adequately studied.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 2,000 California veterinarians in 1997; the return rate was 73% (n = 1,415).ResultsNinety‐six percent (1,353) of the respondents were professionally active and were included in the analyses. Sixty‐four percent were male and 90% were working full‐time. One‐fourth of the respondents reported a CTD during their career that required treatment or restricted usual activities. Two‐thirds of those reporting CTDs reported chronic or residual problems. In a multivariate regression analysis female sex, working full‐time, rectal palpations, and large animal practice were significant risk factors for CTDs.ConclusionsBeing in large animal practice increased the CTD risk for both women and men whether they worked full or part‐time. CTD risk was highest in women working full‐time and doing 80% rectal palpations. Preventive methods to attenuate the risk of CTDs especially in large animal practice should be investigated. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:855–861, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three new patients with FATCO: Fibular agenesis with ectrodactyly
Authors: Bieganski Tadeusz , Jamsheer Aleksander , Sowinska Anna , Baranska Dobromila , Niedzielski Kryspin , Kozlowski Kazimierz , Czarny‐Ratajczak Malwina 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe document three new patients with fibular agenesis, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly (FATCO). Two of these individuals had tetramelic manifestations while the third had bilateral abnormalities of the lower limbs. These patients and others reported as FATCO seem to belong to the phenotype “fibular aplasia with ectrodactyly.” Genetic screening for CNVs and mutations in the TP63 and WNT10B genes did not show any genetic abnormalities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hearing loss in skeletal dysplasia patients
Authors: Tunkel David , Alade Yewande , Kerbavaz Richard , Smith Beth , Rose‐Hardison Danielle , Hoover‐Fong Julie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA hearing screening program was performed to determine the prevalence of hearing loss and abnormal tympanometry in individuals with short‐stature skeletal dysplasias attending a national meeting. Behavioral audiometry, otoacoustic emission testing, and tympanometry were used to assess hearing. Failed hearing screen was defined as hearing ≥35 dB at one or more frequencies or by “fail” on otoacoustic emissions. One hundred ten of 112 subjects completed the screening. 58 (51.8%) were children. Seventy‐three (65.2%) had achondroplasia, 34 (30.4%) had one of 11 other diagnoses, and 5(4.4%) were undiagnosed. 25.8% of children failed hearing screening in one or both ears, while 46.3% of adults failed in one or both ears. 55.1% of adults and 25.0% of children with achondroplasia failed screening. Abnormal hearing was also found in the some patients with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenital (SEDC; 75%), diastrophic dysplasia (66%), and Morquio (66%). Hearing was normal in those with hypochondroplasia, pseudoachondroplasia, and microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism. Tympanometry was abnormal in at least one ear in 53.3% of children and 38.5% of adults. Abnormal tympanometry in the absence of functioning tympanostomy tubes was associated with 9.5 greater odds of hearing loss in children and 2.8 greater odds of hearing loss in the total cohort. Only 3 (2.7%) respondents reported the use of hearing aids. Hearing loss and middle ear disease are common in both children and adults with skeletal dysplasia. Adults were more likely to fail hearing screening than children. Abnormal tympanometry is associated with hearing loss. Hearing screening with appropriate intervention is recommended for these patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome and Gorham–Stout phenomenon
Authors: Hopman Saskia M.J. , Van Rijn Rick R. , Eng Charis , Bras Johannes , Alders Marielle , van der Horst Chantal M. , Hennekam Raoul C.M. , Merks Johannes H.M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPTENhamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a group of syndromes caused by mutations in PTEN. Gorham–Stout phenomenon (GSP) is a rare condition characterized by proliferation of vascular structures in bones, resulting in progressive osteolysis. Here we present a 1‐year‐old boy with PHTS and GSP. The lesion that later proved to be GSP was evident from the age of 4 months, and became symptomatic at the age of 1 year. Eventually, he developed a fatal chylothorax. Mutation analysis revealed a germline heterozygous mutation c.517 C>T (p.Arg173Cys) in exon 6 of PTEN. Analysis of the lymphatic malformation (LM) tissue revealed no loss of heterozygosity (LOH) nor a second, somatic PTEN mutation of the remaining wild type allele. The germline p.Arg173Cys mutation was also present in the mother and the propositus' younger sister and brother. Further molecular work‐up showed a heterozygous variant c.2180C>T (p.Ala727Val) FLT4 in the LM tissue, which was also present in the germline of mother and two siblings. GSP has not been reported before in a patient with a PTEN mutation. Up to this date, this mutation is the only genetic defect possibly involved in the etiology of GSP which is plausible given the known function of PTEN in angiogenic signaling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facial phenotype at different ages and cardiovascular malformations in children with Williams–Beuren syndrome: A study from India
Authors: Patil Siddaramappa J. , Madhusudhan B.G. , Shah Sejal , Suresh P.V. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWilliams–Beuren syndrome (WBS) is one of the microdeletion syndromes associated with distinct facial features, characteristic behavior phenotype (overfriendly behavior), congenital heart disease, and other malformations. Clinical features in WBS are age dependent. It is important to be aware of variable age dependent phenotype, especially facial phenotype due to its crucial role in diagnosis. Here we describe the facial phenotype of WBS at different ages (3 months to 15.1 years) and congenital heart malformations in 27 patients FISH positive for 7q11.23 microdeletion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genome‐wide association study of neurocognitive impairment and dementia in HIV‐infected adults
Authors: Levine Andrew J. , Service Susan , Miller Eric N. , Reynolds Sandra M. , Singer Elyse J. , Shapshak Paul , Martin Eileen M. , Sacktor Ned , Becker James T. , Jacobson Lisa P. , Thompson Paul , Freimer Nelson 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe neuropathogenesis of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is unclear. Candidate gene studies have implicated genetic susceptibility loci within immune‐related genes; however, these have not been reliably validated. Here, we employed genome‐wide association (GWA) methods to discover novel genetic susceptibility loci associated with HAND, and validate susceptibility loci implicated in prior candidate gene studies. Data from 1,287 participants enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study between 1985 and 2010 were used. Genotyping was conducted with Illumina 1M, 1MDuo, or 550K platform. Linear mixed models determined subject‐specific slopes for change over time in processing speed and executive functioning, considering all visits including baseline and the most recent study visit. Covariates modeled as fixed effects included: time since the first visit, depression severity, nadir CD4+ T‐cell count, hepatitis C co‐infection, substance use, and antiretroviral medication regimen. Prevalence of HIV‐associated dementia (HAD) and neurocognitive impairment (NCI) was also examined as neurocognitive phenotypes in a case–control analysis. No genetic susceptibility loci were associated with decline in processing speed or executive functioning among almost 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) directly genotyped or imputed. No association between the SNPs and HAD or NCI were found. Previously reported associations between specific genetic susceptibility loci, HIV‐associated NCI, and HAD were not validated. In this first GWAS of HAND, no novel or previously identified genetic susceptibility loci were associated with any of the phenotypes examined. Due to the relatively small sample size, future collaborative efforts that incorporate this dataset may still yield important findings. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief Communication: Molar development and crown areas in earlyAustralopithecus
Authors: Lacruz Rodrigo S. , Ramirez Rozzi Fernando V. , Wood Bernard A. , Bromage Timothy G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRecent studies suggest that the hypodigms representing the two earliest Australopithecus (Au. anamensis and Au. afarensis) form an ancestor‐descendant lineage. Understanding the details of this possible transition is important comparative evidence for assessing the likelihood of other examples of ancestor‐descendant lineages within the hominin clade. To this end we have analyzed crown and cusp base areas of high resolution replicas of the mandibular molars of Au. anamensis (Allia Bay and Kanapoi sites) and those of Au. afarensis (Hadar, Laetoli, and Maka). We found no statistically significant differences in crown areas between these hypodigms although the mean of M1 crowns was smaller in Au. anamensis, being the smallest of any Australopithecus species sampled to date. Intraspecies comparison of the areas of mesial cusps for each molar type using Wilcoxon signed rank test showed no differences for Au. anamensis. Significant differences were found between the protoconid and metaconid of Au. afarensis M2s and M3s. Furthermore, the area formed by the posterior cusps as a whole relative to the anterior cusps showed significant differences in Au. afarensis M1s and in Au. anamensis M2s but no differences were noted for M3s of either taxon. Developmental information derived from microstructural details in enamel shows that M1 crown formation in Au. anamensis is similar to Pan and shorter than in H. sapiens. Taken together, these data suggests that the overall trend in the Au. anamensis‐Au. afarensis transition may have involved a moderate increase in M1 crown areas with relative expansion of distal cusps. Am J Phys Anthropol , 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of surface modification of self‐healing poly(melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde) microcapsules on the properties of unsaturated polyester composites
Authors: Tong Xiao‐Mei , Zhang Min , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Fu Yun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPoly(melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde) (MUF) microcapsules used as self‐healing component of composites were prepared by in situ polymerization. The surface of MUF microcapsules was modified by 3‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane‐coupling agent (KH550). The interfacial interactions between MUF microcapsules and KH550 were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). FTIR results show that the silane‐coupling agent molecule binds strongly to the MUF microcapsules surface. A chemical bond (SiOC) is formed by the reaction between the SiOH and the hydroxyl group of MUF microcapsule. This modification improves the thermal properties of microcapsules. Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that a thin layer is formed on the surface of MUF microcapsules. The interfacial adhesion effect between MUF microcapsules and unsaturated polyester matrix was investigated. MUF microcapsules disperse evenly in the composites. When crack propagated, the microcapsules were broken and the repair agent flowed from the microcapsules to react with the curing agent. Then the crosslinking structure was formed and the composite was repaired. The tensile properties, impact properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of composites have been evaluated. The results indicate that the silane‐coupling agent plays an important role in improving the interfacial performance between the microcapsules and the matrix, as well as the mechanical properties of the composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Investigation on crystallization behavior and hydrophilicity of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) ternary blends by solution casting
Authors: Cheng Jing , Zhang Jun , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTernary blends composed of matrix polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with different proportions of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) blends were prepared by solution casting. The crystallization behavior and hydrophilicity of ternary blends were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and contact angle test. According to morphological analysis, the surface was full of typical spherulitic structure of PVDF and the average diameter was in the order of 3 μm. The samples presented predominantly β phase of PVDF by solution casting. It indicated that the size of surface spherulites and crystalline phase had little change with the PMMA or PVP addition. Moreover, FTIR demonstrated special interactions among the ternary polymers, which led to the shift of the carbonyl stretching absorption band of PVP. On the other hand, the melting, crystallization temperature, and crystallinity of the blends had a little change compared with the neat PVDF in the first heating process. Except for the content of PVP containing 30 wt %, the crystallinity of PVDF decreased remarkably from 64% to 33% and the value of t1/2 was not obtained. Besides, the hydrophilicity of PVDF was remarkably improved by blending with PMMA/PVP, especially when the content of PVP reached 30 wt %, the water contact angle displayed the lowest value which decreased from 98.8° to 51.0°. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Poly(glycerol–sebacate) bioelastomers—kinetics of step‐growth reactions using Fourier Transform (FT)‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Maliger Raju , Halley Peter J. , Cooper‐White Justin J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractKinetic studies of the esterification of glycerol (G) and sebacic acid (SA) at three molar ratios (0.6, 0.8, 1.0) and at three temperatures (120, 130, 140°C) to form poly(glycerol–sebacate) were performed and assessed using FT‐Raman spectroscopy. The quantitative changes in the concentrations of carboxylic acid and ester groups within the forming bioelastomer were measured and the chemical rate constants (k) determined from the kinetic scheme were first‐order, with respect to sebacic acid concentration. Increasing the reaction temperature by 20°C is noted to increase the chemical rate constant (k) by a factor of up to 4.5 and the total extent of conversion at early times for the molar ratios investigated. The activation energy (Ea) and the pre‐exponential factor (A0) for these three stoichiometric ratios were calculated, which varied in accordance with the average functionality of the system. Under isothermal conditions, the chemical rate constant remained unchanged with an increase in the extent of the reaction (α) until a spontaneous transition resulted in the shift in the mechanism from kinetics to diffusion controlled. The Young's moduli of the PGS polymers were found to depend primarily on the average functionality of the system and the curing period. This investigation confirms the reaction mechanism for PGS polymer synthesis and shows the flexibility afforded to PGS properties and reaction times through varying the stoichiometric ratios of glycerol to sebacic acid. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Design of lubricating grease formulations using recycled polypropylene from postconsumer films as thickener agent
Authors: Martín‐Alfonso J. E. , Valencia C. , Arteaga J. F. , Díaz M. J. , Franco J. M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis work deals with the design of lubricating greases formulations based on blends of mineral oil and recycled polypropylene from postconsumer waste, coming from films with inks. In particular, the influence of polymer concentration on the rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of recycled polymer/oil blends was characterized. From the experimental results obtained, it can be deduced that the evolution of recycled polymer/mineral oil formulations on linear viscoelasticity functions with frequency is quite similar to that found for traditional lithium greases. It is observed that these blends form systems with enhanced “plateau” modulus, G, with respect to industrial standard lubricating greases, which could be represent an important advantage, from an economic and environmental point of view. However, the influence of temperature on linear viscoelasticity functions is more pronounced than that found for traditional greases. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Stimuli‐responsive recognition of BSA‐imprinted poly vinyl acetate grafted calcium alginate core‐shell hydrogel microspheres
Authors: Ying Xiaoguang , Qi Liangliang , Li Xiao , Zhang Weiying , Cheng Guoxiang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPoly vinyl acetate grafted calcium alginate hydrogel microspheres were prepared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as molecular template. The microspheres exhibited homogeneous and core‐shell structure according to different preparation strategy. The rebinding and swelling property of microspheres showed responsiveness toward ionic strength, temperature, and pH. It was found the highest separation factor of 1.85 and imprinting efficiency of 1.75 when the Ca2+ ionic strength was 1.25 and 0.34 mol/kg, respectively. The separation factor was found decreased as temperature grew from 29 to 45°C while the imprinting efficiency reached a peak value at about 37°C. Separation factor of BSA imprinted microspheres at different pH was also recorded and two peaks were found, which were considered to be caused by the similar swollen state due to ionic and covalent crosslinking structure of modified microspheres. The recognition responsiveness is suggested to be influenced by environmental effects due to the changing in imprints' configuration at different swollen states. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Influence of the structure of the onium iodide salts on the properties of modified montmorillonite
Authors: Livi Sébastien , Dufour Christian , Gaumont Annie‐Claude , Levillain Jocelyne , Pham Thi‐Nhàn 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDialkyl imidazoline, alkyl pyridine and alkyl quinoline containing salts have been synthesized and used as new surfactants for cationic exchange of layered silicates, such as montmorillonite (MMT) in order to evaluate their role in the formation of intercalated MMT clays. The new salts have been characterized by FTIR, 1H, 13C‐NMR spectra. These compounds have been intercalated into the layers of MMT via a solution dispersion technique and the extent of the interlayer space expansion was confirmed by using wide angle X‐ray diffraction and FTIR spectra. Thermogravimetry analysis shows that these salts can be used in place of ammonium salts to produce organophilic clays with higher thermal stability than commercial alkyl ammonium‐treated MMT. Moreover, the results also show that the imidazolium‐modified clays have a greater thermal stability compared to the quinolinium and the pyridinium‐modified clay. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Equal‐channel multiple angular extrusion of polyethylene
Authors: Beloshenko Victor A. , Voznyak Andrei V. , V. Voznyak Yuri , Dudarenko Galina V. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe effect of accumulated deformation and deformation routes in the course of equal‐channel multiple angular extrusion (ECMAE) on physical and mechanical properties of polyethylene (PE) differed in molecular mass (MM) has been studied. As deformation routes, route C (shear planes are parallel, and the simple shear direction of every deformation zone is changed through 180°) and route E (shear planes are turned through ±45° around the extrusion axis and the normal to the axis, and simple shear direction is changed through 180° or ±90° with respect to the deformation zone) were selected. It has been shown that ECMAE provides the increase of microhardness H, modulus of elasticity E, and tensile strength σT up to 4.5 times with strain at break εb staying practically at the level of εb of the initial material. The value of the effects achieved depends on MM, accumulated deformation and the selected deformation route. The best set of physical and mechanical characteristics was observed in the case of route E. The observed effects are related to the formation of a special orientation order and increased degree of crystallinity of extrudates. According to SEM data, route C results in mostly uniaxial orientation of macrofibrils at an angle of 35° to the direction of extrusion, and formation of a part of tie fibrils and macrofibrils oriented perpendicularly to the main orientation. The route E produces biaxial orientation of macrofibrils. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013