bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genetic segmentation of MHC‐correlated perfume preferences
Authors: Hämmerli A. , Schweisgut C. , Kaegi M. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisIt has become difficult to find a matching perfume. An overwhelming number of 300 new perfumes launch each year, and marketing campaigns target pre‐defined groups based on gender, age or income rather than on individual preferences. Recent evidence for a genetic basis of perfume preferences, however, could be the starting point for a novel population genetic approach to better match perfumes with people’s preferences. With a total of 116 participants genotyped for alleles of three loci of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the aim of this study was to test whether common MHC alleles could be used as genetic markers to segment a given population into preference types. Significant deviations from random expectations for a set of 10 common perfume ingredients indicate how such segmentation could be achieved. In addition, preference patterns of participants confronted with images that contained a sexual communication context significantly differed in their ratings for some of the scents compared with participants confronted with images of perfume bottles. This strongly supports the assumption that genetically correlated perfume preferences evolved in the context of sexual communication. The results are discussed in the light of perfume customization.
False‐positive pregnancy tests following enterocystoplasty
Authors: Nakhal RS , Wood D , Woodhouse C , Creighton SM 
Published: November 2011

Please cite this paper as: Nakhal R, Wood D, Woodhouse C, Creighton S. False‐positive pregnancy tests following enterocystoplasty. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2011.03031.x.People with major congenital urological or neurological malformations invariably require bladder reconstruction with enterocystoplasty in early childhood. The improvement of the surgical management of these children has reflected significantly on their life expectancy. As a result, more young people with enterocystoplasty are being transitioned to adolescent clinics where they receive the usual counselling about sexual health and pregnancy risks. However, the possibility of false‐positive urinary pregnancy tests in these young women remains an overlooked but essential message. The lack of awareness about this fact can result in significant patient anxiety and the potential for unnecessary interventions as exemplified by the three cases we have encountered.
Problematic megafossils in Cambrian palaeosols of South Australia
Authors: RETALLACK GREGORY J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract: Red calcareous Middle Cambrian palaeosols from the upper Moodlatana Formation in the eastern Flinders Ranges of South Australia formed in well‐drained subhumid floodplains and include a variety of problematic fossils. The fossils are preserved like trace fossil endichnia but do not appear to be traces of burrows or other animal movement. They are here regarded as remains of sessile organisms, comparable with fungi or plants living in place, and are formally named as palaeobotanical form genera under provisions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Most common are slender (0.5–2 mm) branching filaments flanked by green‐grey reduction haloes within the red matrix of palaeosol surface horizons (Prasinema gracilegen. et sp. nov.). Other axial structures (Prasinema nodosumandP. adunatumgen. et spp. nov.) are larger and show distinctive surface irregularities (short protuberances and irregular striations, respectively). The size and form of these filaments are most like rhizines of soil‐crust lichens. Other evidence of life on land includes quilted spheroids (Erytholus globosusgen. et sp. nov.) and thallose impressions (Fargherasp. indet.), which may have been slime moulds and lichens, respectively. These distinctive fossils in Cambrian palaeosols represent communities comparable with modern biological soil crusts.
A Population‐Based Longitudinal Community Study of Major Depression and Migraine
Authors: Modgill Geeta , Jette Nathalie , Wang Jian Li , Becker Werner J. , Patten Scott B. 
Published: November 2011

Objective.— To examine whether major depressive episodes (MDEs) are associated with an increased risk of migraine in the general population and to examine whether migraine is associated with an increase risk of MDE.Background.— Population‐based cross‐sectional studies have consistently reported an association between migraine and depression. However, longitudinal studies about this potentially bidirectional association are inconsistent.Methods.— This retrospective cohort study used 12 years of follow‐up data from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (15,254 respondents, age >12). Stratified analysis, logistic regression, and proportional hazard modeling were used to quantify the effect of migraine on subsequent MDE status and vice versa.Results.— After adjusting for sex, age, and other chronic health conditions, respondents with migraine were 60% more likely (HR 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3‐1.9) to develop MDE compared with those without migraine. Similarly adjusting for sex and age, respondents with MDE were 40% more likely (HR 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.0‐1.9) to develop migraine compared with those without MDE. However, the latter association disappeared after adjustment for stress and childhood trauma.Conclusions.— The current study provides substantial evidence that migraine is associated with the later development of MDEs, but does not provide strong causal evidence of an association in the other direction. Environmental factors such as childhood trauma and stress may shape the expression of this bidirectional relationship; however, the precise underlying mechanisms are not yet known.(Headache 2012;52:422‐432)
From China's “Peaceful Rise” to Building Communites of Interest
Authors: BIJIAN ZHENG 
Published: November 2011

The sovereign debt problem in Europe, ignited by Greece, has morphed into an economic crisis challenging the solvency of major banks and countries as well as a generalized crisis of governance. Lacking the legitimacy of public support, the leaders of the European Union's fledgling institutions have been indecisive and unable to contain the looming danger of financial contagion. Along with the economic slowdown in the United States, instability and volatility in Europe threaten to derail the fragile global recovery.In this section, several former European leaders as well as political figures from the emerging economies offer their ideas on how to fix Europe and stem the global threat.
Traditions in Transition: Adolescents Remaking Culture
Authors: LeVine Robert A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article proposes a cohort‐based theoretical model of understanding adolescence as a key moment in the intersection of individual and cultural change. Drawing on work from anthropology, psychology, and sociology, adolescence is shown to be a critical time for examining the proximate interactions of individuals with the cultural models and norms transmitted to them in the re‐creation of new generational norms and practices. Examples are provided fromKenya,Mexico, andNepal as well as theUnitedStates. This kind of psychocultural research contributes to policy, practice, and theory regarding both adolescence and cultural change.
p‐Phenylenediamine and other hair dye sensitizers in Spain
Authors: Yazar Kerem , Boman Anders , Lidén Carola 
Published: November 2011

Background. Oxidative hair dyes are important skin sensitizers, causing contact allergy and dermatitis in hairdressers and consumers.Objectives. To study the prevalence of hair dye substances, categorized as potent skin sensitizers, in consumer‐available oxidative hair dye products on the market of a southern European country and to compare it with that in Sweden.Methods. Ingredient labels of 105 oxidative hair dye products from 19 brands were studied, and the prevalence and use pattern of hair dye substances, categorized as potent skin sensitizers, was assessed. Network diagrams were used to display results.Results. According to the labelling, all 105 products contained hair dye substances categorized as potent skin sensitizers. A total of 25 different hair dye substances categorized as potent skin sensitizers were identified. Eighty‐seven per cent of the products contained at least four such substances. Either p‐phenylenediamine, toluene‐2,5‐diamine or toluene‐2,5‐diamine sulfate was present in 103 products.Conclusions. Hair dye substances categorized as potent skin sensitizers were used in all studied hair dye products on the Spanish market. The prevalence of p‐phenylenediamine was higher in the present study than in a similar study in Sweden. More than 20 potent sensitizers were identified in each country. Not only p‐phenylenediamine should be used to diagnose allergy to hair dyes.
Allergic complications from orthopaedic joint implants: the role of delayed hypersensitivity to benzoyl peroxide in bone cement
Authors: Bircher Andreas , Friederich Niklaus F. , Seelig Walter , Scherer Kathrin 
Published: November 2011

Background. Orthopaedic implants and osteosynthesis materials are increasingly being used. Complications include mainly physical–mechanical problems and infections. Uncommonly, an allergic reaction towards an alloy metal or a bone cement component has been implicated. Potential bone cement allergens include acrylates, benzoyl peroxide, N,N‐dimethyl‐p‐toluidine, and gentamicin. Typical symptoms are pain, swelling, inflammatory skin reactions, implant loosening, and fistula formation.Objectives. To report on 5 patients with complications from a knee or a shoulder joint implant in whom a relevant sensitization to benzoyl peroxide was shown.Methods. Patch tests were performed with the European baseline series, an extended metal series, and a bone cement series. Patch tests with benzoyl peroxide were performed twice in all patients. A bone cement‐free replacement was chosen in sensitized patients.Results. In 4 patients sensitized to benzoyl peroxide, a bone cement‐free replacement resulted in a considerable decrease or disappearance of pain and swelling, and complete clearing of cutaneous symptoms.Conclusions. Components of bone cement, such as benzoyl peroxide, may rarely cause allergic complications. However, because of the irritant potential of these substances, careful performance, reading and interpretation of the patch tests is required.
Compliance with age and skin type restrictions following the introduction of indoor tanning legislation in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Makin Jennifer K. , Hearne Kimberley , Dobbinson Suzanne J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryBackground/PurposeThe study aimed to establish compliance of indoor tanning businesses with 2009 legislation, particularly with requirements to provide information on skin cancer and exclude people under 18 or with fair skin.MethodsCompliance was tested through surveys and in‐person visits to 30 businesses in Melbourne, Australia. Research assistants presented as potential customers with different profiles: young adults eligible to use a sunbed, young adults with fair skin, under age customers who prompted with their age and under age customers who concealed their age and claimed to be 18 if asked.ResultsCommunicating the risks of skin cancer during the visit improved from 70% in 2003, prior to the introduction of legislation, to 97% in 2009. While there were improvements in restricting access to sunbeds among high‐risk groups, compliance of indoor tanning businesses with age and skin type restrictions remained less than optimal. Almost half (47%) allowed access to fair‐skinned research assistants, compared with 90% in 2003. Only one of the 30 operators allowed access to a teenager who prompted with her age; in 2003, 52% of under age teenagers were granted access without parental consent. However, when teenagers concealed their age or claimed to be 18, 80% of operators granted them access.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that regulation of the indoor tanning industry is a better approach to this health issue than voluntary standards and/or education. Nonetheless, inadequate compliance with requirements to exclude high‐risk groups lends weight to calls for stricter monitoring and enforcement, or an absolute ban.
Comparison of topical 8‐methoxypsoralen and narrowband ultraviolet B with narrowband ultraviolet B alone in treatment‐resistant sites in plaque‐type psoriasis: a placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Ehsani Amir‐Houshang , Ghaninejad Haydeh , Kiani Amin , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Hosseini S. Hamed , Noormohammadpoor Pedram 
Published: November 2011

SummaryBackgroundCombination of topical methoxsalen and narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) was shown to be more effective than NBUVB alone in treating plaque‐type psoriasis.ObjectiveTo find out whether topical methoxsalen and NBUVB had any benefit in induction of remission on treatment‐resistant plaques of psoriasis on the legs in comparison with NBUVB alone.MethodsTen patients were included. Two symmetric lesions with similar Psoriasis Severity Index score on the lower legs were randomly assigned to be treated with cold cream as placebo or 0.1% 8‐methoxypsoralen (8MOP) cream 15 min before phototherapy with NBUVB. Phototherapy was given three times per week for up to three months. Severity scores were recorded each week and side effects were observed before each session.ResultsSignificant decrease in the severity score was observed in both groups (P‐value < 0.001), but none of the lesions cleared completely at the end of the study. The decrease of the score in the 8MOP arm was greater than the control arm; however, the difference was not significant. The only side effect was pigmentation that occurred in all of the 8MOP‐treated patients after 2 weeks.ConclusionWe could not confirm any significant benefit of topical methoxsalen and NBUVB in comparison to NBUVB alone in treating resistant plaques of psoriasis on the legs.
Photodynamic therapy for a hypertrophic scarring: a promising choice
Authors: Bruscino Nicola , Lotti Torello , Rossi Riccardo 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe case we report is about a female patient, 69 years old, who had a hypertrophic scarring on the right cheek because of a bite by her dog. She had attempted many types of topical and intralesional treatments but without success. The patient underwent photodynamic therapy (PDT), employing a methyl ester of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (MAL) as topical photosensitizer and a non‐coherent red light at a wavelength of 632 nm. This session was then repeated three more times at 2‐week intervals. A month after the last session, the scarred area significantly softened, becoming more flexible, less erythematous, smoother and reduced in volume. The patient was greatly satisfied with the clinical and cosmetic result, she had no more than rough scarring on the cheek, and her skin in the area around the lesion was very smooth, wrinkle‐free. She did not show any recurrence of her hypertrophic scarring after 1 year of follow‐up. PDT revealed to be the most effective approach if compared with previous therapeutic options received by the patient, but further studies are necessary to evaluate protocols to be used for the best results in this kind of application.
Neurodevelopmental outcome in full‐term newborns with refractory neonatal seizures
Authors: Maartens Imke A , Wassenberg Tessa , Buijs Jan , Bok Levinus , de Kleine Martin JK , Katgert Titia , Andriessen Peter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  This retrospective study describes the prognosis of full‐term newborns with refractory neonatal seizures, comparing the need for treatment with two versus three or more antiepileptic drugs.Methods:  We reviewed our database (January 2002–December 2007) to include newborns with refractory neonatal seizures and abnormal electroencephalogram. Group A consisted of 17 newborns with two antiepileptic drugs. Group B consisted of 29 newborns with three or more antiepileptic drugs. Outcome was determined at 2 years of age using the Dutch Bayley Scales of Infant Development or a neurodevelopmental classification scheme.Results:  Group A and group B were comparable regarding to a variety of demographic and aetiologic factors. Thirteen newborns died before 2 years of age and one was lost to follow‐up. Normal development at 2 years of age was found in 50% and 5% for group A and B, respectively. Severe neurodevelopmental delay at 2 years of age was found in 30% and 68% for group A and B, respectively.Conclusion:  The number of antiepileptic drugs probably reflects increased seizure burden and is – in that way – related to poor outcome. This may be useful information for early prediction of adverse neurological outcome in the first days of life.
Creating Natural‐Looking Removable Prostheses: Combining Art and Science to Imitate Nature
Authors: PATRAS MICHAEL , KOURTIS STEFANOS , SYKARAS NIKITAS 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTPatient awareness of dental appearance has increased, resulting in more demanding esthetic requests. There is also strong evidence that increased esthetics is highly significant for complete denture acceptance and success. Taking notice of patients' perceptions of natural appearance and esthetics, the clinician can incorporate their preferences in the construction of individualized dentures that will be harmonized with their facial characteristics.Despite the evolution of materials and techniques, the vast majority of dentures still fail to look natural. Thus, producing prostheses that defy detection and successfully restore the appearance of edentulous patients remains a challenge for the clinician.This paper presents a clinical case where immediate loading of implants supporting a mandibular overdenture was combined with an opposing conventional maxillary denture to satisfy the high functional and esthetic demands of the patient. It also emphasizes the individualized esthetic performance through customization during their fabrication while taking into consideration the various clinical parameters affecting rehabilitation of the edentulous jaw.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEImplant‐retained overdentures can significantly improve the patients' function. The esthetic performance of these restorations however, may not be satisfying the patients' expectations and demands. Customizing the artificial gingival areas and individual staining of the prefabricated acrylic teeth may improve the esthetic performance creating natural‐looking removable prostheses.(J Esthet Restor Dent ••:••–••, 2011)
Assessing the accuracy of the surface gravity determination in late-type stars with solar-like pulsators
Authors: Morel Thierry , Miglio Andrea 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The frequency of maximum oscillation power measured in dwarfs and giants exhibiting solar-like pulsations provides a precise, and potentially accurate, inference of the stellar surface gravity. An extensive comparison for about 40 well-studied pulsating stars with gravities derived using classical methods (ionization balance, pressure-sensitive spectral features or location with respect to evolutionary tracks) supports the validity of this technique and reveals an overall remarkable agreement with mean differences not exceeding 0.05 dex (although with a dispersion of up to ∼0.2 dex). It is argued that interpolation in theoretical isochrones may be the most precise way of estimating the gravity by traditional means in nearby dwarfs. Attention is drawn to the usefulness of seismic targets as benchmarks in the context of large-scale surveys.
Pediatric Research and the Return of Individual Research Results
Authors: Avard Denise , Sénécal Karine , Madadi Parvaz , Sinnett Daniel 
Published: November 2011

As a matter of respect for the person, it is considered an ethical duty to offer to return research results to participants where appropriate. Nevertheless, the return of individual research results to participants raises many socio-ethical issues and greater challenges when the participant is a child. This discrepancy arises partly because the return of individual pediatric research results entails a tripartite relationship between researcher, child, and parent(s) and is embroiled in numerous considerations (e.g., acting in the best interest of the child, respect for the person, and respect for the autonomy of the parents/child).Extra caution is required in the pediatric research context because children cannot generally decide (consent) whether they want to be informed of their own research results or whether the results should be disclosed to parents. Children have long been considered a special and vulnerable group, and their parents, as guardians, play a critical role in the consent process. However, with regards to the return of individual research results, this might pose a potential conflict of interest between the current or future desires of the child and those of the parents.
Communitarianism and the Ethics of Communicable Disease: Some Preliminary Thoughts
Authors: Cheyette Cara M. 
Published: November 2011

Communicable diseases, especially those that are readily contagious, are on the rise as evidenced by the emergence of viruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the global resurgence of resistant forms of ancient mycobacteria such as extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB), and the 2009 swine flu outbreak in Mexico. Moreover, each of us, no matter who we are or where we live, is just as likely to transmit contagious diseasestoothers as we are to contract such diseasesfromothers. As cogently described in the title of a recent book by Margaret Battin et al., we are all potential “victims and vectors.”Just as contagious diseases are readily passed person to person, so too can they readily be passed across local and national boundaries. We therefore all have a stake in the development of effective infectious disease control policies on a national scale, with “effective” being the operative term: regulations and statutes that are neither enforceable nor likely to be complied with may do more harm than good.