bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiring‐based frameworks for trust propagation in small‐world networks and coalition formation criteria
Authors: Bistarelli S. , Foley S.N. , O'Sullivan B. , Santini F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMultitrust provides a flexible approach to encoding trust metrics whereby definitions for trust propagation and aggregation are specified in terms of a semiring. Determining the degree of trust between principals across a trust network (TN) is, in turn, programmed as a (semiring‐based) soft‐constraint satisfaction problem. In this paper, we consider the use of semiring‐based metrics in reasoning about trust between coalition‐forming principals. The configurable nature of multitrust makes it well‐suited to modeling trust within coalitions: whether adding more principals to a coalition increases trust or decreases trust is captured by the definition of trust aggregation within the semiring. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the choice of the appropriate AES data encryption method for ZigBee nodes
Authors: Ottoy G. , Hamelinckx T. , Preneel B. , De Strycker L. , Goemaere J.‐P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the experiments that have been conducted to determine the optimal implementation method for AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) data encryption in a ZigBee network in terms of energy consumption. Four possible scenarios have been considered. The first one is a freely available AES‐cryptographic algorithm on the processor which controls the ZigBee nodes. The second also involves the processor but is based on a proprietary, highly optimized algorithm. The other methods are based on hardware implementations. Whereas the third option is based on a cryptographic block, embedded in the ZigBee node controller, the last solution utilizes an AES128‐CBC‐MAC hardware co‐processor embedded on a Spartan 3A FPGA. The ZigBee modules in the network contain an 8‐bit microcontroller which takes care of the ZigBee protocol stack—and the encryption calculations in all but the last case. All approaches are examined and compared. We show that the usage of a microcontroller with an on‐board AES processor is the optimal design choice for a new hardware platform. An optimized software library gives the best results when extending an existing platform. This paper gives developers an idea of the amount of energy they can gain/lose by choosing one of the four solutions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early experience with medial femoral tension band plating in idiopathic genu valgum
Authors: Guzman Humberto , Yaszay Burt , Scott Vanessa P. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Mubarak Scott J. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose For correction of angular deformity, tension band plating has been proposed as a safe and minimally invasive technique. The purpose of this study was to assess the experiences and report the rate of correction obtained with this procedure in patients with idiopathic genu valgum. Methods This study was a retrospective review of 47 valgus deformities of the knee treated with medial hemiepiphysiodesis using a tension band plate. The tibiofemoral angle (TFA) and the anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) were assessed on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the lower extremity taken at multiple time intervals. The values were charted to determine the change in orientation of the joint surface over time. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correction over time. A subanalysis was performed evaluating the effect of age and the number of plates utilized. Results A total of 47 deformities in 25 patients were reviewed. The average time of follow-up from index surgery was 12.7 months, with an average correction of 0.96° every 3 months or 3.8° per year. The aLDFA corrected at a faster rate in knees with two plates per hemiepiphysiodesis than those with one plate, 4.2° and 3.3° per year, respectively ( P = 0.035). Girls <11 years of age and boys <13 years of age corrected at a rate of 4.5°, while older children corrected at a rate of 3.4° per year ( P = 0.39). There were no complications or instrumentation breakages. Conclusion Hemiepiphysiodesis with tension band plating provides an effective and predictable correction of idiopathic genu valgum. Two plates appear to provide a greater rate of correction. There is also a trend toward faster correction in younger patients as well.
Proceedings of the Rank Forum on Vitamin D
Authors: Lanham-New S. A. , Buttriss J. L. , Miles L. M. , Ashwell M. , Berry J. L. , Boucher B. J. , Cashman K. D. , Cooper C. , Darling A. L. , Francis R. M. , Fraser W. D. , de Groot C. P. G. M. , Hyppönen E. , Kiely M. , Lamberg-Allardt C. , Macdonald H. M. , Martineau A. R. , Masud T. , Mavroeidi A. , Nowson C. , Prentice A. , Stone E. M. , Reddy S. , Vieth R. , Williams C. M. 
Published: December 2010

The Rank Forum on Vitamin D was held on 2nd and 3rd July 2009 at the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. The workshop consisted of a series of scene-setting presentations to address the current issues and challenges concerning vitamin D and health, and included an open discussion focusing on the identification of the concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (a marker of vitamin D status) that may be regarded as optimal, and the implications this process may have in the setting of future dietary reference values for vitamin D in the UK. The Forum was in agreement with the fact that it is desirable for all of the population to have a serum 25(OH)D concentration above 25 nmol/l, but it discussed some uncertainty about the strength of evidence for the need to aim for substantially higher concentrations (25(OH)D concentrations>75 nmol/l). Any discussion of ‘optimal’ concentration of serum 25(OH)D needs to define ‘optimal’ with care since it is important to consider the normal distribution of requirements and the vitamin D needs for a wide range of outcomes. Current UK reference values concentrate on the requirements of particular subgroups of the population; this differs from the approaches used in other European countries where a wider range of age groups tend to be covered. With the re-emergence of rickets and the public health burden of low vitamin D status being already apparent, there is a need for urgent action from policy makers and risk managers. The Forum highlighted concerns regarding the failure of implementation of existing strategies in the UK for achieving current vitamin D recommendations.
Flaxseed cotyledon fraction reduces tumour growth and sensitises tamoxifen treatment of human breast cancer xenograft (MCF-7) in athymic mice
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Saggar Jasdeep K. , Corey Paul , Thompson Lilian U. 
Published: December 2010

Dietary flaxseed (FS) inhibited the growth of human breast tumours and enhanced the effectiveness of tamoxifen (TAM) in athymic mice with low oestradiol (E2) levels. The present study determined whether then-3 fatty acid-rich cotyledon fraction of FS (FC), alone or in combination with TAM, has a similar effect and thus can substitute for FS. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, ovariectomised mice with established oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumours (MCF-7) were treated as follows: groups 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet (BD, control) and FC diet (82 g FC/kg), respectively. Groups 3 and 4 with TAM implants (5 mg) were fed the BD and FC diet, respectively. At 8 weeks post-treatment, mice were euthanised, and tumours were analysed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. BD, FC and FC/TAM groups significantly decreased tumour area, but the TAM group did not. Tumour regression in the FC/TAM group was greater compared to the TAM group. FC lowered cell proliferation but had no effect on apoptosis; the opposite was observed with TAM. FC suppressed mRNA expressions of pS2 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and protein expressions of ERα, phosphospecific ERα, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), phosphospecific HER2 (pHER2) and amplified in breast 1 (AIB1), while TAM up-regulated mRNA expressions of Bcl2, progesterone receptor and IGF-1R and protein expression of pHER2, and down-regulated ERβ mRNA. FC modulated the effect of TAM on tumour growth biomarkers. In conclusion, FC reduced the growth of ER+human breast tumours at low circulating E2, alone and combined with TAM, in part through modulation of ER − and growth factor-mediated signalling pathways; it may substitute for FS in increasing the effectiveness of TAM.
Effects of cannabinoids on neuropeptide Y and β-endorphin expression in the rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus
Authors: Bakkali-Kassemi Lamiae , El Ouezzani Seloua , Magoul Rabia , Merroun Ikram , Lopez-Jurado Maria , Errami Mohammed 
Published: December 2010

The control of appetite and satiety is extremely complex and involves a balance between neurotransmitters and neuropeptides to stimulate and/or inhibit feeding behaviour. The effect of cannabinoids on food intake is well established, but little is known about the mechanism of action underlying their activity. In the present report, the effect of pharmacological manipulation of the cannabinoid receptor on the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides is investigated. We used an immunohistochemical approach to examine the effect of intracerebroventricular administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 and the inverse agonist AM251 on neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the β-endorphin (β-end) neuronal hypothalamic systems. Double immunohistochemistry (c-fos/β-end) was used to assess the number of β-end neurons activated by the cannabinoid agonist. The present results showed that 1 μg WIN 55,212-2 increases β-end immunoreactivity within the arcuate nucleus while no significant changes were noted in the NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibres network in comparison to the control group. Injection of 1 μg AM251 decreases both NPY and β-end immunoreactivity within the arcuate nucleus. The number of β-end neurons exhibiting c-fos increased significantly in WIN 55,212-2 compared with the control group. These results suggest that cannabinoids affect the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides, notably the NPY and β-end systems, which may have implications in the orexigenic action of cannabinoids.
Regular/irregular is not the whole story: the role of frequency and generalization in the acquisition of German past participle inflection
Authors: SZAGUN GISELA 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe acquisition of German participle inflection was investigated using spontaneous speech samples from six children between 1 ; 4 and 3 ; 8 and ten children between 1 ; 4 and 2 ; 10 recorded longitudinally at regular intervals. Child-directed speech was also analyzed. In adult and child speech weak participles were significantly more frequent than strong participles. Children's errors involved all elements of participle marking. All error types, including over-regularization, occurred from the beginning alongside correct forms. Errors decreased significantly over age. Over-regularization in the sense of -taffixation on strong verbs was significantly more frequent than erroneous -ensuffixation on weak verbs but not than prefix and suffix omission. On participles with stem vowel change erroneous stem vowel was significantly more frequent than correct stem vowel with suffix error alone. Error patterns are explained in terms of frequencies, and participle inflection being learned as part of general verb inflection.
Transportation Use in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Association with Participation and Leisure Activities
Authors: Dahan-Oliel Noémi , Mazer Barbara , Gélinas Isabelle , Dobbs Bonnie , Lefebvre Hélène 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉLes objectifs de cette étude étaient de comparer la participation selon les moyens de transport utilisés, et d’estimer l’association entre le transport, les facteurs personnels et environnementaux avec la participation chez les personnes âgées habitant dans la communauté. Les participants incluaient 90 adultes âgés de 65 ans et plus (moyenne d’âge = 76.3 ans ; ET = 7.7). Ils étaient classifiés selon le moyen de transport utilisé le plus souvent: conducteur, passager, transport en commun, marche, ou transport adapté/taxi. La participation a été mesuré avec le « Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART) » et le « Nottingham Leisure Questionnaire (NLQ) ». Somme toute, les résultats ont indiqué que les conducteurs, utilisateurs de transport en commun et ceux qui utilisaient la marche avaient des niveaux de participation plus élevés comparativement aux passagers et utilisateurs de transport adapté/taxi. Cette étude suggère que les cliniciens devraient considérer l’utilisation du transport chez les personnes âgées afin d’encourager et de maximiser leur participation.
La souffrance en lien avec les écueils de la communication chez les femmes âgées atteintes de cancer incurable
Authors: Bourgeois-Guérin Valérie 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTAmong the older population in Canada, the majority of whom are women, incurable cancer is rampant. Having incurable cancer often implies suffering. Studies reveal that communication with one’s circle is therefore often arduous, leading us to believe that it can cause suffering. To our knowledge, there has been no research that specifically explores the suffering related to communication among older women with incurable cancer: this will be the objective of our article.This exploratory qualitative research is in humanistic psychology. It is based on a phenomenological analysis of the conceptual categories that emerged from 19 semi-structured interviews among 10 women aged 65 years and over with incurable cancer.The results reveal both the dynamic of silence, desired in order to prevent increased suffering, and sometimes imposed and a source of further suffering. They also reveal that the absence of listening, the imposition of silence, and the minimization of what these women say, also cause suffering. The consequences of disclosing one’s illness and its suffering are also explored.
Beliefs about Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease in Three Domains
Authors: Rust Tiana B. , Kwong See Sheree T. 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉCette étude des mesures répétées a examiné les croyances des étudiants de premier cycle concernant le vieillissement et la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) dans les domaines cognitifs, physiques et socials. Les étudiants ont evalué les personnes typiques de 25 ans (cible jeune), les personnes typiques de 75 ans (cible vieux), et les personnes institutionnalisées typiques avec MA (MA cible) sur 46 déclarations sur les capacités cognitives, physiques et sociaux. Croyances sur le vieillissement se sont avérés pour être généralement négative dans les domaines cognitifs et physiques mais positive dans le domaine social, ce qui est compatible avec la littérature des stéréo-types de l’âge. La maladie d’Alzheimer est perçu comme une maladie essentiellement de l’esprit, mais on croit, qu’en comparaison avec les différences prévues au vieillissement, que la prouesse physique est renforcée. Documenter les croyances, un premier pas vers la modification des comportements stéréotypes, pourrait avoir des effets significatifs sur la santé et le bien-être des personnes agées et des personnes atteintes de MA.
The Role of Languaging in Creating Zones of Proximal Development (ZPDs): A Long-Term Care Resident Interacts with a Researcher
Authors: Lapkin Sharon , Swain Merrill , Psyllakis Paula 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉ“Cet article traite de la question: Quel est le rôle du <languaging> (la mise en mots) – l’élaboration et l’organisation des processus mentaux supérieures par la langue – dans les zones émergents de développement proximales (ZDPs) co-crée par deux adultes ? » Les deux adultes sont Mike, un résident dans un établissement de soins de longue durée, et un chercheur. Un zone proximale de développement (ZPD) est un processus continu cognitive/affective dans lequel l’apprentissage et le développement se produisent quand les participants interagissent. Ce processus est medié par le langage. Grâce à une analyse microgénétique d’extraits representatifs selectionnés à partir de 11 seances, nous illustrons comment les interactions entre Mike et le chercheur ont crée un contexte affectif et positif qui offre des possibilités multiples de ZDPs à émerger. Comme les ZDPs émergent, nous observons comment le <languaging> rassemble les composantes cognitives et affectives essentielles afin que le développement du participant peut continuer. Au fil du temps, Mike récupère l’expertise perdu et entreprend de nouveaux défis cognitivement complexes. Les résultats pour Mike comprennent à la fois le développement cognitif et un meilleur amour-propre.
Antimicrobial resistance ofEscherichia coliandEnterococcus faecalisin housed laying-hen flocks in Europe
Authors: VAN HOOREBEKE S. , VAN IMMERSEEL F. , BERGE A. C. , PERSOONS D. , SCHULZ J. , HARTUNG J. , HARISBERGER M. , REGULA G. , BARCO L. , RICCI A. , DE VYLDER J. , DUCATELLE R. , HAESEBROUCK F. , DEWULF J. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to determine the potential association between housing type and multiple drug resistance (MDR) inEscherichia coliandEnterococcus faecalisisolates recovered from 283 laying-hen flocks. In each flock, a cloacal swab from four hens was collected and produced 1102E. coliand 792E. faecalisisolates. Broth microdilution was used to test susceptibility to antimicrobials. Country and housing type interacted differently with the MDR levels of both species. In theE. colimodel, housing in a raised-floor system was associated with an increased risk of MDR compared to the conventional battery system [odds ratio (OR) 2·12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·13–3·97)]. In theE. faecalismodel the MDR levels were lower in free-range systems than in conventional battery cages (OR 0·51, 95% CI 0·27–0·94). In Belgium, ceftiofur-resistantE. coliisolates were more numerous than in the other countries.
Exquisite sensitivity to subsecond, picomolar nitric oxide transients conferred on cells by guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptors
Authors: Batchelor Andrew M. , Bartus Katalin , Reynell Clare , Constantinou Sophie , Halvey Edward J. , Held Kara F. , Dostmann Wolfgang R. , Vernon Jeffrey , Garthwaite John 
Published: December 2010

Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a diffusible transmitter in most tissues of the body and exerts its effects by binding to receptors harboring a guanylyl cyclase transduction domain, resulting in cGMP accumulation in target cells. Despite its widespread importance, very little is known about how this signaling pathway operates at physiological NO concentrations and in real time. To address these deficiencies, we have exploited the properties of a novel cGMP biosensor, named δ-FlincG, expressed in cells containing varying mixtures of NO-activated guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase activity. Responsiveness to NO, signifying a physiologically relevant rise in cGMP to 30 nM or more, was seen at concentrations as low as 1 pM, making cells by far the most sensitive NO detectors yet encountered. Even cells coexpressing phosphodiesterase-5, a cGMP-activated isoform found in many NO target cells, responded to NO in concentrations as low as 10 pM. The dynamics of NO capture and signal transduction was revealed by administering timed puffs of NO from a local pipette. A puff lasting only 100 ms, giving a calculated peak intracellular NO concentration of 23 pM, was detectable. The results could be encapsulated in a quantitative model of cellular NO-cGMP signaling, which recapitulates the NO responsiveness reported previously from crude cGMP measurements on native cells, and which explains how NO is able to exert physiological effects at extremely low concentrations, when only a tiny proportion of its receptors would be occupied.
Rseg—an R package to optimize segmentation of SNP array data
Authors: Lamy Philippe , Wiuf Carsten , Ørntoft Torben F. , Andersen Claus L. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Summary: The use of high-density SNP arrays for investigating copy number alterations in clinical tumor samples, with intra tumor heterogeneity and varying degrees of normal cell contamination, imposes several problems for commonly used segmentation algorithms. This calls for flexibility when setting thresholds for calling gains and losses. In addition, sample normalization can induce artifacts in the copy-number ratios for the non-changed genomic elements in the tumor samples.
Results: We present an open source R package, Rseg, which allows the user to define sample-specific thresholds to call gains and losses. It also allows the user to correct for normalization artifacts.
Availability: The R package, Rseg, is available at: http://www.cs.au.dk/~plamy/Rseg/ and runs on Linux and MS-Windows.
Contact: plamy@cs.au.dk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
Authors: Torok Estee , Moran Ed , Cooke Fiona 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
This Handbook takes an integrated approach to both infectious disease and microbiology. Referenced to national frameworks and current legislation, it covers the basic principles of bacteriology and virology, specific information on diseases and conditions, and material on 'hot topics' such as bioterrorism and preventative medicine.
Review article: specifically targeted anti‐viral therapy for hepatitis C – a new era in therapy
Authors: Lange C. M. , Sarrazin C. , Zeuzem S. 
Published: December 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 14–28SummaryBackground  Novel, directly acting anti‐viral agents, also named ‘specifically targeted anti‐viral therapy for hepatitis C’ (STAT‐C) compounds, are currently under development.Aim  To review the potential of STAT‐C agents which are currently under clinical development, with a focus on agents that target HCV proteins.Methods  Studies evaluating STAT‐C compounds were identified by systematic literature search using PubMed as well as databases of abstracts presented in English at recent liver and gastroenterology congresses.Results  Numerous directly‐acting anti‐viral agents are currently under clinical phase I–III evaluation. Final results of phase II clinical trials evaluating the most advanced compounds telaprevir and boceprevir indicate that the addition of these NS3/4A protease inhibitors to pegylated interferon‐alfa and ribavirin strongly improves the chance to achieve a SVR in treatment‐naive HCV genotype 1 patient as well as in prior nonresponders and relapsers to standard therapy. Monotherapy with directly acting anti‐virals is not suitable. NS5B polymerase inhibitors in general have a lower anti‐viral efficacy than protease inhibitors.Conclusions  STAT‐C compounds in addition to pegylated interferon‐alfa and ribavirin can improve SVR rates at least in HCV genotype 1 patients. Future research needs to evaluate whether a SVR can be achieved by combination therapies of STAT‐C compounds in interferon‐free regimens.