bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular investigation and genetic characterization of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in cats referred to a veterinary teaching hospital in Northern Italy
Authors: Gallina Laura , Facile Veronica , Roda Nicola , Sabetti Maria Chiara , Terrusi Alessia , Urbani Lorenza , Magliocca Martina , Vasylyeva Kateryna , Dondi Francesco , Balboni Andrea , Battilani Mara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFeline leukemia virus (FeLV) is responsible for feline leukemia syndrome in domestic cats. The prevention and control of disease caused by FeLV are primarily based on vaccination and identification and isolation of infected subjects. Antigen diagnostic methods, which are the most widely used in clinical practices, can be associated to molecular tests to characterize the FeLV detected. In this study, a quantitative SYBR Green Real-Time PCR (qPCR) assay was used to detect FeLV proviral DNA in blood samples from antigen positive cats referred to a veterinary teaching hospital in Northern Italy in 2018–2021. To genetically characterize the identified viruses, a portion of the viral envelope (env) gene was amplified using six different end-point PCRs and sequenced. Twenty-two of 26 (84.6%) cats included in the study tested positive by qPCR assay. This suggests a high performance of the qPCR adopted but further studies are required to investigate the cause of discordant results between the antigen test and qPCR in four cats. From env gene analysis, 15/22 qPCR-positive cats were infected by FeLV subtype A and 5/15 shown coinfection with subtype B.
Study on the Effect of Different Feeding Structures on the Performance of Graphene Strips Reconfigurable LWA
Authors: Malhat Hend Abd El-Azem , Elhenawy Abdelkarim S. , Al-Shalaby Noha A. , Zainud-Deen Saber H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a comparative study on the effect of using different feeding structures on the radiation characteristics of graphene strips leaky wave antenna (GS-LWA) at 2 THz. The effect of different plane wave launchers on the radiation characteristics of GS-LWA is investigated. A planar substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna is investigated. It provides a peak gain of 18.2 dBi with a bandwidth of 21.95% and a SLL of 10.6 dB. End-fire radiation from parabolic reflector is employed to launch plane-wave in the GS-LWA. A matching BW of 0.82 THz is achieved with peak gain of 18 dBi. A coplanar fed Yagi-Uda like structure element is studied using a single element and two elements array. The two elements provided the highest matching of -40 dB over BW of 6% and gain of 16.5 dBi. Finally, tapered microstrip line is investigated, it introduces the lowest SLL − 16.1 dB with a gain of 17.5 dBi and BW of 39.57% (1.5–2.24 THz). The selection of proper feeding structure depends on the matching BW, peak radiated gain, and the lowest SLL. A full analysis of the GS-LWA from different feeding methods is presented.
Primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRD): expanding the mutation spectrum in Turkey and identification of sixteen novel variants
Authors: Aykut Ayca , Durmaz Asude , Karaca Neslihan , Gulez Nesrin , Genel Ferah , Celmeli Fatih , Cogurlu M. Tuba , Akcan Mediha , Cicek Dilek , Cipe Funda Erol , Kiykim Ayca , Yıldıran Alisan , Unluhizarci Kursad , Kilic Sara Sebnem , Aksu Guzide , Ardeniz Omur , Kutukculer Necil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHuman Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEIs) encompass a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, ranging from mild cases to severe, life-threatening types. Among these, Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) constitute a subset of IEIs characterized by diverse clinical phenotypes, prominently featuring severe atopy, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, hyperinflammation, autoinflammation, and susceptibility to malignancies. According to the latest report from the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS), PIRDs arise from mutations in various genes including LYST, RAB27A, AP3B1, AP3D1, PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, STXBP2, FAAP24, SLC7A7, RASGRP1, CD70, CTPS1, RLTPR, ITK, MAGT1, PRKCD, TNFRSF9, SH2DIA, XIAP, CD27 (TNFRSF7), FAS (TNFRSF6), FASLG (TNFSF6), CASP10, CASP8, FADD, LRBA, STAT3, AIRE, ITCH, ZAP70, TPP2, JAK1, PEPD, FOXP3, IL2RA, CTLA4, BACH2, IL2RB, DEF6, FERMT1, IL10, IL10RA, IL10RB, NFAT5, TGFB1, and RIPK1 genes. We designed a targeted next-generation sequencing (TNGS) workflow using the Ion AmpliSeq™ Primary Immune Deficiency Research Panel to sequence 264 genes associated with IEIs on the Ion S5™ Sequencer. In this study, we report the identification of 38 disease-causing variants, including 16 novel ones, detected in 40 patients across 15 distinct PIRD genes. The application of next-generation sequencing enabled rapid and precise diagnosis of patients with PIRDs.
Bioinformatics Approach to Identify the Pathogenetic Link of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ding Liang , Wang Jianing , Qiu Sha , Ren Zhizhen , Li Yuantao , An Pengpeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStroke is a life-threatening condition that impairs the arteries and causes neurological impairment. The incidence of stroke is increasing year by year with the arrival of the aging population. Thus, there is an urgent need for early stroke diagnosis. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can modulate the central nervous system and directly and indirectly impact behavioral and cognitive functions. This study aimed to investigate the connection between SCFA metabolism and stroke development via bioinformatic analysis. Initially, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and immune cell infiltration analysis were performed based on RNA data from stroke patients to comprehend the mechanisms governing stroke pathogenesis. The functional analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI), was performed based on the Differentially Expressed Gene (DEG) selected by the limma package. 1220 SCFA metabolism-related genes screened from Genecards databases were intersected with 242 genes in main modules determined by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and the final 10 SCFA key genes were obtained. GO analysis revealed that these genes were involved in immune response processes. Through lasso regression analyses, we established a stroke early diagnosis model and selected 6 genes with diagnostic value. The genes were validated by the area under curve (AUC) values and had a relatively good diagnostic performance. Finally, 4 potential therapeutic drugs targeting these genes were predicted using the Drug Signatures Database (DSigDB) via Enrichr. In conclusion, this paper analyzes the involvement of SCFAs in the complex gut-brain axis mechanism, which contributes to developing new targets for treating central nervous system diseases and provides new ideas for early ischemic stroke diagnosis.
The U-shaped association between serum osmolality and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liang Minghao , Xu Yifei , Ren Xiuhong , Huang Di , Jin Minyan , Qiu Zhanjun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Sepsis is a recognized global health challenge that places a considerable disease burden on countries. Although there has been some progress in the study of sepsis, the mortality rate of sepsis remains high. The relationship between serum osmolality and the prognosis of patients with sepsis is unclear.

Method
Patients with sepsis who met the criteria in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database were included in the study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using multivariable Cox regression. The relationship between serum osmolality and the 28-day mortality risk in patients with sepsis was investigated using curve fitting, and inflection points were calculated.

Results
A total of 13,219 patients with sepsis were enrolled in the study; the mean age was 65.1 years, 56.9 % were male, and the 28-day mortality rate was 18.8 %. After adjusting for covariates, the risk of 28-day mortality was elevated by 99% (HR 1.99, 95%CI 1.74-2.28) in the highest quintile of serum osmolality (Q5 >303.21) and by 59% (HR 1.59, 95%CI 1.39-1.83) in the lowest quintile (Q1 ≤285.80), as compared to the reference quintile (Q3 291.38-296.29). The results of the curve fitting showed a U-shaped relationship between serum osmolality and the risk of 28-day mortality, with an inflection point of 286.9 mmol/L.

Conclusion
There is a U-shaped relationship between serum osmolality and the 28-day mortality risk in patients with sepsis. Higher or lower serum osmolality is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with sepsis. Patients with sepsis have a lower risk of mortality when their osmolality is 285.80-296.29 mmol/L.
The CJEU’s Strict and Effective Interpretations of the Exceptions and Limitations of the InfoSoc Directive: Origin Over Flexibility
Authors: Lin Xi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) maintains strict interpretation and effective interpretation to guide its harmonisation of the exceptions and limitations (E&Ls) in Art. 5 of Directive 2001/29/EC (the InfoSoc Directive). Its application of the two discourses is often regarded as enabling flexibility in copyright at different levels. This article rejects this argument and posits that the CJEU maintains them to harmonise the InfoSoc E&Ls with different origins. To verify the hypothesis, it categorises the discourses guiding the CJEU’s harmonisation by their defining features and the E&Ls of the InfoSoc Directive based on whether they have their origins in the Berne Convention. Based on the categorisations, it empirically examines the distribution of strict interpretation and effective interpretation in different categories of E&Ls. The distribution reveals a correlation between the application of strict interpretation and the E&Ls without origin in the Berne Convention and between the application of effective interpretation and the E&Ls with origin in the Berne Convention. Based on the correlation, applying effective interpretation should enable greater flexibility than strict interpretation when it is applied to the E&Ls without origin in the Berne Convention, especially to permit uses enabled by new technologies.
Dual in-situ observation of tribochemical and morphological evolution of single-layer WS2 and multi-layer WS2/C coatings
Authors: Liu Yuzhen , Han Jae-Ho , Xu Shusheng , Jung Young Chan , Kim Dae-Eun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe outstanding tribological performance of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is attributed to their unique sandwich microstructure and low interlayer shear stress. This advantageous structure allows TMDs to demonstrate exceptional friction reduction properties. Furthermore, the incorporation of TMDs and amorphous carbon (a-C) in multi-layer structures shows excellent potential for further enhancing tribological and anti-oxidation properties. Amorphous carbon, known for its high ductility, chemical inertness, and excellent wear resistance, significantly contributes to the overall performance of these multi-layer coatings. To gain an in-depth understanding of the tribological mechanism and evolution of TMDs’ multi-layer coatings, a dual in-situ analysis was carried out using a tribometer equipped with a 3D laser microscope and a Raman spectrometer. This innovative approach allowed for a comprehensive evolution of the tribological, topographical, and tribochemical characteristics of both single-layer WS2 and multi-layer WS2/C coatings in real time. The findings from the dual in-situ tribotest revealed distinct failure characteristics between the single-layer WS2 coating and the multi-layer WS2/C coating. The single-layer WS2 coating predominantly experienced failure due to mechanical removal, whereas a combination of mechanical removal and tribochemistry primarily influenced the failure of the multi-layer WS2/C coating. The tribological evolution process of these two coatings can be classified into four stages on the basis of their tribological behavior: the running-in stage, stable friction stage, re-deposition stage, and lubrication failure stage. Each stage represents a distinct phase in the tribological behavior of the coatings and contributes to our understanding of their behavior during sliding.
Enhancing Procedural Writing Through Personalized Example Retrieval: A Case Study on Cooking Recipes
Authors: Mejia-Domenzain Paola , Frej Jibril , Neshaei Seyed Parsa , Mouchel Luca , Nazaretsky Tanya , Wambsganss Thiemo , Bosselut Antoine , Käser Tanja 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Writing high-quality procedural texts is a challenging task for many learners. While example-based learning has shown promise as a feedback approach, a limitation arises when all learners receive the same content without considering their individual input or prior knowledge. Consequently, some learners struggle to grasp or relate to the feedback, finding it redundant and unhelpful. To address this issue, we present , an adaptive learning system designed to enhance procedural writing through personalized example-based learning. The core of our system is a multi-step example retrieval pipeline that selects a higher quality and contextually relevant example for each learner based on their unique input. We instantiate our system in the domain of cooking recipes. Specifically, we leverage a fine-tuned Large Language Model to predict the quality score of the learner’s cooking recipe. Using this score, we retrieve recipes with higher quality from a vast database of over 180,000 recipes. Next, we apply to select the semantically most similar recipe in real-time. Finally, we use domain knowledge and regular expressions to enrich the selected example recipe with personalized instructional explanations. We evaluate in a 2x2 controlled study (personalized vs. non-personalized examples, reflective prompts vs. none) with 200 participants. Our results show that providing tailored examples contributes to better writing performance and user experience.
Association between Fusarium head blight resistance and grain colour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Trávníčková Martina , Chrpová Jana , Palicová Jana , Kozová Jana , Martinek Petr , Hnilička František 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe global yield of wheat is limited by Fusarium head blight (FHB), the most damaging disease of wheat accompanied by mycotoxin contamination. Use of resistant cultivars, from an economical point of view, is the most effective control method for plant diseases. Many naturally occurring secondary metabolites in plants are involved in resistance mechanisms against FHB, especially phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties which caused various colouration of the grain in wheat. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the resistance of wheat with different grain colour on the base of accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in grain and other important FHB traits after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. Visual symptom score (VSS), Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and reduction of grain weight per spike (GWS-R) were determined. This study compared current conventional red wheat cultivars and coloured-grain wheat cultivars or lines with blue aleurone, purple pericarp, red grain and white grain. It was found that the cultivars with a purple pericarp (e.g. Rufia) had the lowest DON content and FDK. Statistically significant interactions between grain colour and year were found for all the variables: DON, VSS, FDK, GWS-R. Red grain materials had the lowest DON levels of all the groups studied in 2016 and 2017, but not in 2018. The most constant and second lowest DON levels in all three years were found in the cultivars/lines with purple pericarp.
Does categorizing scale scores with cutoff points affect hypothesis-testing results?
Authors: Sayili Ugurcan , Siddikoglu Esin , Turgut Deniz , Arisli Hamza Emre , Ceyhan Betul , Gunver Mehmet Guven , Ozel Yildiz Sevda , Yurtseven Eray , Erginoz Ethem 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis test results after categorizing the scale scores with cut-off points and to assess whether similar results would be obtained in that best represent the categories.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 15 and 20, 2023 via the Lime Survey. The questionnaire included questions about the sociodemographic and life characteristics of the participants and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Four groups (minimal, mild, moderate, severe depression) were formed using the cutoff points. Data analysis was performed with all participants and referred to as the conventional analysis group. Then, six subanalysis groups were determined to best represent the groups formed according to the BDI-II. In each BDI-II category, six subanalysis groups were created, including those between Q1–Q3 (IQR group), including those within ± 1 std, including those between 5p–95p (90% of the sample), including those between 2.5p–97.5p (95% of the sample). In addition, 100 different samples were randomly selected containing 50% of each group.

Results
Of the 1950 participants, 84.7% (n = 1652) were female and 15.3% (n = 298) were male. In terms of depression, it was observed that the significance varied in the analysis groups for sex (p = 0.039), medication use (p = 0.009) and age (p = 0.010) variables. However, these variables were not significant in some of the subanalysis groups. On the other hand, a p < 0.001 value was obtained for income, physical activity, health perception, body shape perception, life satisfaction, and quality of life variables in terms of depression in the conventional analysis group, and it was seen that the significance continued in all subanalysis groups.

Conclusions
Our findings showed that variables with p < 0.001 in the conventional analysis group maintained their significance in the other analysis groups. In addition, as the p value got closer to 0.05, we observed that the significance changed according to different cutoff points in the analysis groups. In addition, 50% randomly selected samples support these results. At the end of our study, we reached results that support the necessity of secondary tests in the evaluation of scales. Although further studies are needed, we anticipate that our study will shed light on other studies.
Healthcare personnel opinions regarding the feasibility of a risk-tailored approach to contact precautions for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the acute care setting
Authors: O’Hara Lyndsay M. , Harris Anthony D. , Calfee David P. , Snyder Graham M. , Cottam James , O’Hara Nathan N. , Martin Elise M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract“All or none” approaches to the use of contact precautions for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) both fail to recognize that transmission risk varies. This qualitative study assessed healthcare personnel perspectives regarding the feasibility of a risk-tailored approach to use contact precautions for MRSA more strategically in the acute care setting.
The best at the top? Candidate ranking strategies under closed list proportional representation
Authors: Crutzen Benoît S. Y. , Konishi Hideo , Sahuguet Nicolas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnder closed-list proportional representation, a party's electoral list determines the order in which legislative seats are allocated to candidates. When candidates differ in their ability, parties face a trade-off between competence and incentives. Ranking candidates in decreasing order of competence ensures that elected politicians are most competent. Yet, party lists create incentives for candidates that may lead parties not to place their best candidates at the top of the list. We examine this trade-off in a game-theoretical model in which parties rank their candidates on a list, candidates choose their campaign effort, and the election is a team contest for multiple prizes. We analyze how the candidates’ objectives, voters’ attention and media coverage, incumbency, the number of parties competing in the election, and the electoral environment influence how parties rank candidates.
Protecting Your Friends: The Role of Connections in Division Manager Careers
Authors: Hadlock Charles J. , Huang Jing , Obermann Paul , Pierce Joshua R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We find that division managers who are connected to the CEO are substantially less likely than others to depart from the firm and are more likely to be promoted. Connected managers are protected when performance is poor, and they display no special ability to improve performance given this protection. Connections matter more in weak governance/incentive environments, and the external labor market and stock market appear skeptical of connected managers’ talents. While much of the evidence suggests inefficient favoritism, connected managers are protected more in peripheral segments, suggesting a possible efficiency benefit in helping to resolve intrafirm information problems.
ETFs, Creation and Redemption Processes, and Bond Liquidity
Authors: Finnerty John D. , Reisel Natalia , Zhong Xun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We examine a link between bond exchange-traded fund (ETF) creation and redemption processes and the underlying bond market liquidity. Using daily creation and redemption data, we find that including a bond in a creation or redemption basket has a favorable impact on the bond’s liquidity for both high-yield and investment-grade markets. The improvement in liquidity persists during times of market stress with this impact being stronger for redemptions than creations. Our results suggest that ETF mispricing arbitrage explains the improvement in bond liquidity. However, we also find evidence that transaction costs and bond inventory management limit the ETF arbitrage.
Association of early tracheostomy with length of stay and mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Patel Aman M , Patel Rushi , Revercomb Lucy , Cohen David Avery , Tseng Christopher C , Hsueh Wayne D , Filimonov Andrey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe timing of tracheostomy for intensive care unit patients is controversial, with conflicting findings on early versus late tracheostomy.MethodsPatients undergoing tracheostomy from 2001through 2012 were identified from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III database. Early tracheostomy was defined as less than the 25th percentile of time from intensive care unit admission to tracheostomy (time to tracheostomy). Statistical analysis for tracheostomy timing on intensive care unit length of stay and mortality were conducted.ResultsOf the 1,566 patients that were included, patients with early tracheostomy had shorter intensive care unit length of stay (27.32 vs 12.55 days, p < 0.001) and lower mortality (12.9 per cent vs 9.0 per cent, p = 0.039). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found an association between increasing time to tracheostomy and mortality (odds ratio: 1.029, 95 per cent confidence interval 1.007–1.051, p = 0.009).ConclusionOur analysis revealed that patients with early tracheostomy were more likely to have shorter intensive care unit lengths of stay and lower mortality. Our data suggest that early tracheostomy should be given strong consideration in appropriately selected patients.