bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Population‐Based Study of Periodontal Care Among Those With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Newton Katherine M. , Chaudhari Monica , Barlow William E. , Inge Ronald E. , Theis Mary Kay , Spangler Leslie A. , Hujoel Philippe P. , Reid Robert J. 
Published: May 2011

Background: Our objectives were to describe the prevalence of periodontal care (a marker of periodontitis) among persons with and without diabetes and to examine the association between periodontal care and diabetes.Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis, using 5 years of electronic data from a population‐based cohort (N = 46,132), aged 40 to 70 years, with dental and medical insurance, and ≥1 dental and ≥1 medical visit. Periodontal care (yes/no) was defined by dental claims codes for procedures used to manage periodontitis. The association between periodontal care and diabetes was determined using logistic regression adjusted for and stratified by age, sex, insurance type, smoking status, body mass index (BMI) (in kilograms per square meter), and resource utilization band (RUB) (a measure of expected health care utilization attributable to comorbidity).Results: Overall, 11.2% (5,153 of 46,132) met diabetes criteria. The age‐adjusted prevalence of periodontal care among those with and without diabetes was 39.1% and 32.5%, respectively (P <0.0001). The association between diabetes and periodontal care decreased with increasing age (interaction, P <0.0001), adjusting for BMI and RUB. The aged‐stratified, adjusted odds ratio (OR) for periodontal care associated with diabetes was highest among those aged 40 to 44 years [OR, 1.6; confidence interval (CI), 1.30 to 1.97] and lowest among those aged 60 to 64 years (OR, 0.97; CI, 0.81 to 1.15) and was significant only among those aged 40 to 54 years.Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of periodontal care was significantly higher among those with diabetes compared to those without diabetes and that the magnitude of this association decreased with increasing age.
Clinical Efficacy of 1% Alendronate Gel in Adjunct to Mechanotherapy in the Treatment of Aggressive Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Pradeep A.R. 
Published: May 2011

Background: Bisphosphonates represent a class of pharmacologic agents that have a potentially important role in the treatment of periodontitis and bone disorders. The present study aims to explore the clinical efficacy of 1% alendronate (ALN) gel as a local drug delivery system in adjunct to scaling and root planing for the treatment of patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) compared to placebo gel.Methods: Fifty‐two intrabony defects from 17 patients with AgP were treated either with 1% ALN gel or placebo gel. ALN gel was prepared by adding ALN to a polyacrylic acid–distilled water mixture. Clinical parameters (modified sulcus bleeding index, plaque index, probing depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]) were recorded at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months, and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and 6 months. Defect fill at baseline and at 6 months was calculated on standardized radiographs by using image analysis software.Results: Mean PD reduction was greater in the ALN group (3.88 ± 1.39 mm) compared to placebo (1.65 ± 1.35 mm) at 6 months. Similarly, mean CAL gain was greater in the ALN group (3.27 ± 1.11 mm) than the placebo group (1.42 ± 1.70 mm) at 6 months. Furthermore, significantly greater mean percentage of bone fill was found in the ALN group (46.1% ± 9.48%) compared to the placebo group (2% ± 1.02%).Conclusions: The results of the present study show local delivery of 1% ALN stimulates a significant increase in PD reduction, CAL gain, and improved bone fill compared to placebo gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in patients with AgP. However, long‐term, multicentered, randomized, controlled clinical trials are required to know the clinical, histologic, and radiographic effect on bone regeneration in patients with AgP.
Controls as Exit Barriers in Multiperiod Outsourcing Arrangements
Authors: Phua Yee Shih , Abernethy Margaret A , Lillis Anne M 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
This study explores how initial control choice influences the ease with which outsourcing firms switch suppliers. We recognize that firms invest in controls to manage collaborative relationships, and argue that these investments generate switching costs, namely, opportunity and reinvestment costs. We collect data on outsourcing transactions by conducting semi-structured interviews across multiple field sites. Observed patterns across 53 cases show that firms with trust-based controls experience the most difficulty in switching suppliers, whereas firms with market-based controls experience the greatest ease. Firms with bureaucratic-based and hybrid controls generally lie between these extremes. Furthermore, in nearly 50 percent of our sample (25 cases), respondents indicate that the switching costs associated with control choices increase the difficulty of switching suppliers. We also find evidence that the magnitude and nature of switching costs vary with the types of controls chosen.
Data Availability: Data used in this study cannot be made public due to confidentiality agreements with participating firms.
Delayed Abdominal Closure in the Management of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Kimball Edward J. , Adams Danielle M. , Kinikini Daniel V. , Mone Mary C. , Alder Stephen C. 
Published: May 2011

The objective of this study was to compare initial use of the open abdomen using the vacuum-pack technique followed by delayed abdominal closure with standard primary abdominal closure in the treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) repair. A retrospective review identified 122 rAAA cases, which were divided into two management eras: era 1 (primarily closed) and era 2 (47% open abdomen). One hundred three patients were included in this review: 58 in era 1 and 45 in era 2. Evidence of one of three ischemia-reperfusion (IR) criteria, preoperative hypotension, estimated blood loss ≥ 6 L, or intraoperative resuscitation with ≥ 12 L, predicted mortality. These criteria were also used as surrogate clinical markers for abdominal compartment syndrome. The in-hospital mortality was higher in those with at least one IR criterion: 43% versus 10% ( p = .0003). In those with at least one IR criterion, the initial 24-hour mortality was 21% for era 1 versus 0% for era 2 ( p = .03), and the 30-day mortality was 40% for era 1 and 32% for era 2 ( p = .77). Three IR criteria were identified and were associated with increased mortality. Patients with these risk factors who were treated with delayed abdominal closure had an improved acute survival rate and a trend for improved long-term survival.
Vascular Injuries in an Urban Combat Setting: Experience from the 2006 Lebanon War
Authors: Nitecki Samy S. , Karram Tony , Ofer Amos , Engel Ahuva , Hoffman Aaron 
Published: May 2011

Vascular injuries are manifested by life-threatening hemorrhage or limb loss and their diagnosis and treatment are challenging. Angiography is beyond the capability of available teams during wartime. Thus, computed tomographic angiography (CTA) may become a major triage tool. This study reports on the presentation, diagnosis, management and outcome of combat vascular injuries with emphasis on the utility of CTA. Presenting signs and symptoms, means of diagnosis, treatments and results of all combat sustained vascular cases were collected and compiled with follow-up. Of 511 patients, 39 patients (7.6%) with vascular injuries were admitted. Injuries were penetrating and accompanied by soft tissue and bone insult. Diagnosis was made by CTA in 62% and by surgical exploration in 38%. Extremity arteries were injured in 72% of cases. Treatment included surgical and endovascular techniques. Complications: one late amputation, 5% thrombosis, 24% wound infections with no mortalities or early amputations. Although similarities exist between this experience and recent wartime reports, differences are apparent including the effectiveness of CTA. High index of suspicion and liberal use of CTA allows for an early and accurate diagnosis of a vascular injury resulting in high rates of limb salvage and low mortality. CTA should be the first line modality for diagnosis of vascular injuries, reserving angiography for endovascular treatment.
Inclusion in an Electronic Classroom
Authors: Luke Robert , Harrison Laurie 
Published: May 2011

Providing educational opportunities within online environments, while beneficial, also has the potential to exclude a significant portion of the population. Those who are learning and physically disabled may be prevented from accessing online learning environments due to problems in the design of the technology, as well as with the pedagogy directing the use of this technology. Inclusion in an Electronic Classroom was funded by the Office of Learning Technologies (OLT) and examined accessibility within various courseware platforms in order to better assess both the technological and pedagogical issues associated with the general educational shift toward providing learning opportunities within online learning networks.2 This paper presents a summary of the results of this study alongside recommendations for ensuring equitable access within online, courseware-enabled, networked learning. The study data are placed within a framework that examines the technical and pedagogical ramifications of accessibility issues and online learning environments, specifically, courseware environments currently used in today’s online educational market. The findings are compared with the associated guidelines and checkpoints in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines published by the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and provide a useful framework for consideration of the current challenges and the opportunities at hand for courseware authoring tool developers.3
The Impact of eBay Ratings and Item Descriptions on Auction Prices
Authors: Sena Mark P. , Heath C. Edward , Webb Michael A. 
Published: May 2011

Buyers on eBay commonly rely on seller feedback ratings to determine bidding strategies. Various studies have examined the impact of eBay’s reputation system on auction outcomes. This study builds on prior research by examining the relationship between seller ratings on auction prices for two distinct product types, DVDs and designer watches and by benchmarking the bid prices against retail prices. The results show that eBay ratings explain a greater degree of price variation in Designer Watches than in DVDs. The study also suggests that high quality product listings with such features as digital images, formatted pages, and product details may result in higher bid prices.
Dynamic Multidimensional Data Cubes for Interactive Analysis of Massive Datasets
Authors: Riedewald Mirek , Agrawal Divyakant 
Published: May 2011

Rapidly improving computing and networking technology enables enterprises to collect data from virtually all its business units. The main challenge today is to extract useful information from an overwhelmingly large amount of raw data. To support complex analysis queries, data warehouses were introduced. They manage data, which is extracted from the different operational databases and from external data sources, and they are optimized for fast query processing. For modern data warehouses, it is common to manage Terabytes of data. According to a recent survey by the Winter Corporation (2003), for instance, the decision support database of SBC reached a size of almost 25 Terabytes, up from 10.5 Terabytes in 2001 (Winter Corporation, 2001).
HCI in South Africa
Authors: Singh Shawren 
Published: May 2011

South Africa is a multi-lingual country with a population of about 40.5 million people. South Africa has more official languages at a national level than any other country in the world. Over and above English and Afrikaans, the eleven official languages include the indigenous languages: Southern Sotho, Northern Sotho, Tswana, Zulu, Xhosa, Swati, Ndebele, Tsonga, and Venda (Pretorius & Bosch, 2003). Figure 1 depicts the breakdown of the South African official languages as mother tongues for South African citizens. Although English ranks fifth (9%) as a mother tongue, there is a tendency among national leaders, politicians, business people, and officials to use English more frequently than any of the other languages. In a national survey on language use and language interaction conducted by the Pan South African Language Board (Language Use and Board Interaction in South Africa, 2000), only 22% of the respondents indicated that they fully understand speeches and statements made in English, while 19% indicated that they seldom understand information conveyed in English. The rate of electrification in South African is 66.1%. The total number of people with access to electricity is 28.3 million, and the total number of people without access to electricity is 14.5 million (International Energy Agency, 2002). Although the gap between the “haves” and “have-nots” is narrowing, a significant portion of the South African population is still without the basic amenities of life. This unique environment sets the tone for a creative research agenda for HCI researchers and practitioners in South Africa.
Contextualized Virtual Science Centers
Authors: Zimmerman Andreas , Lorenze Andreas , Specht Marcus 
Published: May 2011

Today it is not enough just to supply content without the consideration of the recipient, his/her current task and situation. Therefore the time, the location, the particular technical limitations, and the modality and style of reception are important parameters for contextualized interactions and information delivery. Context-sensitive content and information processing are especially assets for the generation of added value in information delivery. This chapter describes how contextualization can be performed in virtual science centers. The demand for context-sensitive functionalities constitutes a crucial challenge for application developers, system integrators and product designers. This chapter furthermore offers a potentially substantive approach for development and maintenance of context-sensitive systems and services by adapting information brokering techniques.
Cybercoaching
Authors: Chang Ni , Petersen Naomi Jeffery 
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces cybercoaching, an emerging model of online formative assessment. This model emphasizes the process of development rather than a procedure for evaluation. Personalized feedback is provided by the instructor through the Internet/cyberspace using accessible technologies of electronic mail and word processing. Unlike mechanical responses that are not individually tailored, the instructor offers the students detailed information for improvement. Included also in this chapter are practical suggestions, including a detailed discussion of rubrics and their uses.
Review of Wireless Technologies and Generations
Authors: Bhattar R. K. 
Published: May 2011

The concept of wireless communication i.e. exchange of any type of electronic content (audio, video, data, etc.) without the use of any physical medium like cables, wires etc, is not new. It started almost a century back with “radio and telegraphs” and has made rapid progress over the period of time. Looking at the present trend, it is obvious that the field of wireless communication will continue to move far ahead than one could imagine. To encourage adoption and advancement in technology, a standardization process was required. Different standards have evolved, over the period of time, to accommodate the new technologies as they emerged. The era during which technologies are popular and are used by businesses is generally termed as Generations. This chapter presents a brief history of wireless communication and different phases of technologies and standards involved in it. A discussion of the communication technology generations not only provides an understanding of the past history of these technologies, but also creates basis for understanding their future. This chapter provides brief introduction and description of all generations, starting from the first generation mobile communications to future generation mobile communications.
Applying Contextual Design to Educational Software Development
Authors: Notess Mark 
Published: May 2011

Contextual Design is a methodology for developing information systems from a rich understanding of customer work practice. This chapter considers how Contextual Design can be applied to educational software development and how Contextual Design might interact with Instructional Systems Design (ISD). Following a brief overview of ISD, I describe Contextual Design and provide a detailed case study of its application to educational software development — to the design of an online tool for music listening and analysis in undergraduate and graduate music education. I conclude with some reflections on the relevance of Contextual Design to instructional designers.
ICT Considerations for a Municipality in South Africa
Authors: Averweg Udo , Manyanga Siyabonga 
Published: May 2011

The availability of publicly accessible Internet networks and services are the first prerequisite in ensuring that all citizens and nations can benefit from information on the World Wide Web (UNESCO, 2003). Information and communication technologies (ICT) are playing an increasingly important role in the daily lives of citizens, revolutionising work and leisure and changing the rules of doing business. ICT encompass all technologies that facilitate the processing and transfer of information and communication services (United Nations, 2002). In the realm of government, ICT applications are promising to enhance the delivery of public goods and services to citizens not only by improving the process and management of government but also by redefining the traditional concepts of citizenship and democracy (Pascual, 2003). The spread of ICT brings hope that governments can transform (Pacific Council on International Policy, 2002). This article is organised as follows: • Background to the research is given • ICT adoption in the eThekwini Municipality in South Africa is described • The research goals, method, data gathering, and results are discussed • Management implications towards implementing a successful e-government strategy are given • Future trends are then suggested and a conclusion is given
A Brief History of eLearning
Authors: Kidd Terry T. 
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this chapter is to explore prior research associated with the history of eLearning. While issues related to the eLearning, technology and innovation adoption, the online environment, the role of faculty in online environments, and preparing faculty for online instruction are important, it is prudent to examine the history of this innovation in order to chart the future of such practices.
Online or Traditional
Authors: Klaus Tim , Changchit Chuleeporn 
Published: May 2011

Technological advancements currently penetrate society, changing the way that some courses are taught. It has become more apparent in higher education institutions that all classes are not as adaptive to an online format as others. Since many institutions of higher education further incorporate online courses into their curriculum, it is important to understand the characteristics of courses that affect students’ preferences for either traditional classroomenvironments or online environments. Indications of this can be seen in the attrition and retention rates of classes offered online. This study explores the characteristics ofcourses that affect students’ preferences towards onlineand traditional classroom settings. These results should help providing guidelines to institutions considering courses to offer online.
Supporting the Implementation of Online Learning
Authors: Surry Daniel W. , Ensminger David C. 
Published: May 2011

Technology plays an important role in modern society. It is hard to imagine living in a world without such essential technologies as wireless communication, the Internet, laser surgery, polymers, and jet aircrafts, among countless other examples. Technology has had a profound effect on almost all aspects of our lives including banking, communications, medicine, transportation, energy, and the military. As inthese other areas, technology is now playing an increasingly important role in education. A variety of technologies have been introduced into the schools overthe last few decades. Among the most common of these are computer assisted instruction, multimedia presentations, classroom management software, and various assistive and adaptive technologies. In more recent years, distance and online learning technologies have advanced to the point where online learning is now a viable option for the delivery of high quality educational and training programs. The potential for technology, especially distance and online learning, to revolutionize education and training is beyond question.
Transitioning to E-Learning
Authors: Bovard Bethany , Bussmann Susan , Parra Julia , Gonzales Carmen 
Published: May 2011

This case study explores the ongoing development of an online instructor training program, initiated in Spring 2002. Involvement of the learner-instructors (professional development instructors learning to teach online) in thedesign and development of this online instructor training program was key to its overall success. Significant outcomes of the program include a core group of experienced and highly dedicated online instructors, a new model for continuous professional development and support, and the formation of an active and dynamic learning community.
Virtual Tour
Authors: Holler Melissa B. 
Published: May 2011

Perhaps for the first time since the computer made its debut, the teacher is in the position to command the technology-based instructional resources used in the classroom. Gone are the days when teachers must rely solely on the expertise of computer professionals to create computer-assistedinstruction. With the advent of the World Wide Web, creating student-centered, ageappropriate material rests in the hands of the classroom teacher. The Virtual Tour is the newest link to literally millions of content specific sites that supply images, sounds, and video media.
Opportunities for Open Source E-Learning
Authors: Dewever Fanuel 
Published: May 2011

eLearning is often conceived as a single product. In reality however the market offering is very heterogeneous with a large product variety. Think of Learning Management Systems, Virtual Classrooms, Authorware, Test & Assessment Tools, Simulators and many more. And each of these eLearning applications is available from multiple vendors and middlemen. Next to more than 250 providers of commercial Learning Management Systems, more than 40 Open Source LMS offerings can be identified. In this paper I discuss if today open source applications foreLearning offer an alternative to commercial offerings, specifically in the context of Education. The lessons drawn here also apply to other (public) organisations and applications.
Awareness Mechanisms for Web-Based Argumentative Collaboration
Authors: Tzagarakis Manolis , Karousos Nikos , Karacapilidis Nikos 
Published: May 2011

Much research has been performed on how computer-based technologies might facilitate awareness among cooperating actors. However, existing approaches in providing awareness services prove to be inadequate in data-intensive instances of argumentative collaboration. Moreover, they fail to address the needs of dynamic, Web-based communities. In this context, this article presents a list of awareness mechanisms that have been integrated in an innovative Web-based collaboration support tool, where the ultimate aim is to satisfy the requirements associated with the above remarks. The proposed mechanisms are described and elaborated with respect to variousawareness types reported in the literature.