bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of velopharyngeal function after relocation pharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Li Hsueh‐Yu , Lee Li‐Ang , Fang Tuan‐Jen , Lin Wan‐Ni , Lin Wen‐Ying 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To assess if relocation pharyngoplasty (RP) causes velopharyngeal dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by evaluating perioperative nasalance, nasality, voice, and articulation.Study Design:Prospective, comparative study.Methods:Twenty‐four OSA patients selected for RP (two women and 22 men; mean age, 35 years) were enrolled for the study of velopharyngeal function in speech. The RP procedure involved removal of supratonsillar adipose tissue, preservation of all palatal muscular structure, splinting the lateral pharyngeal wall, and anterior advancing of the soft palate. Measurements of nasalance (vowel /a/, /i/, consonant /m/, oronasal, oral, and nasal texts), nasality (mirror‐fogging test, degree of nasality, Gutzmann test and Bzoch hypernasality test), voice (acoustic analysis), and articulation (velar sound) were taken before RP and 3 months after the procedure and compared.Results:Comparative analysis of clinical measures showed that no significant differences were found following RP in nasalance (except for the vowel /a/), nasality, articulation, and voice. The only difference with regard to vowel /a/ showed, instead of an increase, a significant decrease of nasalance from 17.3 ± 10.8 to 11.3 ± 6.7 (P = .004), which may be attributed to the advancing and lifting of the soft palate in RP, leading to relaxation of the levator veli palatine and uvular muscles, which facilitates their contraction in velopharyngeal closure during particular vowel phonation.Conclusions:RP for OSA does not cause velopharyngeal insufficiency in terms of voice, nasality, and articulation in spite of anterior advancement of the soft palate, but does induce a nondetrimental change in nasalance. Laryngoscope, 2010
Reduction‐Sensitive Self‐Aggregates as a Novel Delivery System
Authors: Kim Ju Eun , Cha Eui‐Joon , Ahn Cheol‐Hee 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMethoxy PEG amine with molecular weight of 5k and ε‐caprolactone with molecular weight of 1 960 were conjugated to a peptide comprising three cysteine residues. The shift of peak molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution in GPC trace without any noticeable shoulder as well as 1H NMR analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of the copolymer. A modified O/W dialysis system was employed to prepare self‐aggregates having the size around 210 nm. During the dialysis, stabilized aggregates were obtained by intermolecular disulfide bonds via oxidation. Critical aggregate concentration (CAC) of the copolymer was determined as 0.07 mg · mL−1 and disulfide‐stabilized self‐aggregates remained stable regardless of the concentration without displaying CAC. Doxorubicin‐loading amount and efficiency was 8.7 and 26.0%, respectively. Release profile of doxorubicin below CAC at 37 °C showed a sustained release and the addition of D,L‐dithiothreitol (DTT) after 24 h triggered a burst release of doxorubicin. Intermolecular disulfide bonds via oxidation stabilized the polymeric aggregates even in the diluted condition similar to that in the bloodstream and addition of DTT destabilized the aggregates to burst encapsulated doxorubicin in the reductive condition.magnified image
Highly Ordered Hexagonal Arrays of Hybridized Micelles from Bimodal Self‐Assemblies of Diblock Copolymer Micelles
Authors: Yoo Seong Il , Yun Sang Hyun , Kim Hyeong Ki , Sohn Byeong‐Hyeok 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate the formation of highly ordered hexagonal arrays of hybridized polystyrene–poly(4‐vinyl pyridine), PS–PVP, micelles with controllable size by solvent annealing techniques. Because the formation of hybridized micelles was prohibited in the mixture solutions of two different‐sized PS–PVP micelles, single‐layered films with bimodal self‐assemblies of small and large micelles were fabricated from the mixture solutions by adjusting their mixing ratios. When the single‐layered films were solvent annealed by saturated vapor of tetrahydrofuran (THF), on the other hand, small and large PS–PVP micelles in the bimodal self‐assemblies merged together to form hybridized micelles. In addition, the hybridized micelles arranged themselves in a highly ordered hexagonal array, the diameter and center‐to‐center distance of which were precisely adjusted by varying the mixing ratio of small to large micelles in the bimodal assemblies.magnified image
Chromophoric Barbituric Acid Derivatives with Adjustable Hydrogen‐Bonding Patterns as Component for Supramolecular Structures
Authors: Bolz Ina , Bauer Mirko , Rollberg Anja , Spange Stefan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: The barbituric acid moiety of the presented dyes shows multifunctional properties like acidochromism, solvatochromism, and adjustable hydrogen‐bonding pattern for molecular recognition. Hydrogen‐bonding ability, acidity and solvatochromic effects are studied for a series of N‐alkyl substituted 5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐barbiturates. Solvatochromism and metal ion complexation are also investigated using chromophoric thiobarbituric acid derivatives.
Nano‐Encapsulation of Proteins Via Self‐Assembly with Lipids and Polymers
Authors: Dalla‐Bona Alexandra , Primbs Jacqueline , Angelova Angelina 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: The solubilization and encapsulation of the weakly soluble protein hemoglobin was investigated at the nanoscale using self‐assembly with the branched polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI), the lipid glycerol monooleate (GMO), and two amphiphilic poly(ethylenglycol) monooleate derivatives with molecular weights 2100 g/mol (MO‐PEG1) and 860 g/mol (MO‐PEG2). The created self‐assembly nanovehicles were analyzed by quasi‐elastic light scattering (QELS) in order to determine their sizes as well as by circular dichroism in order to characterize the protein presence in the nanoobjects. The cationic polymer PEI formed mixed nano‐objects with the protein hemoglobin. The polymer conformation in the nanovehicle was established to be sensitive to dilution, a property that can be essential for the protein release upon administration. The amphiphile MO‐PEG1 was a co‐surfactant in the dispersion of monoglyceride lipid nanoobjects needed for the hemoglobin encapsulation. The amphiphile MO‐PEG2 formed small micelles in the absence of a lipid. The nanoobjects dispersions were studied for their stability on storage and reproducibility.
Rotaxanes and Catenanes Derived from Tetra‐Urea Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Böhmer Volker , Rudzevich Yuliya , Rudzevich Valentyn 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: Calix[4]arenes, substituted by four urea groups at their wide rim, form dimeric capsules in apolar solvents, which are held together by a seam of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The heterodimerisation of tetra‐aryl and tetratosyl ureas was used to synthesize various derivatives, in which adjacent urea residues are connected to form two, three or four loops. The aliphatic connections were tied by olefin metathesis between adjacent alkenyl residues followed by hydrogenation. Heterodimers of tetra‐alkenyl substituted tetra‐ureas and bis‐ or tetraloop derivatives were converted analogously to multiple catenanes. Tetra[2]rotaxanes were obtained in a similar manner. In addition to the spectroscopic evidence (NMR, MS) several compounds were confirmed by crystal structures.
Unexpected Interactions of an Alternating Poly(ether‐ester) with Artificial and Biological Bilipidic Membranes
Authors: Illy Nicolas , Bacri Laurent , Wojno Justyna , Destouches Damien , Brissault Blandine , Courty José , Auvray Loïc , Penelle Jacques , Barbier Valessa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: The anionic polymerization of a spiro monomer containing both an ester‐activated cyclopropane moiety and a 1,4,7,10,13‐pentaoxacyclohexadecane‐14,16‐dione crown ether bislactone unexpectedly yielded a linear alternating poly(ether‐ester) via the ring‐opening polymerization of the crown ether cycle. Ion conductivity measurements using black lipid membranes as model systems showed that oligomers of this structure are able to permeabilize bilipidic membranes, with single‐ion channel behaviors being observed. Biological assays on fibroblast cells indicated a significant cytotoxicity, probably related to the above permeabilization mechanism.
Polymeric Monolithic Media: Synthesis, Pore Size Selective Functionalization and Applications
Authors: Buchmeiser M. R. , Bandari R. , Prager‐Duschke A. , Löber A. , Knolle W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: This contribution will briefly summarize the latest developments in ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and electron beam‐triggered free radical polymerization derived monolithic supports. Issues relevant to separation science and heterogeneous catalysis will be addressed.
Pore Modification in Porous Ceramic Membranes With Sol‐Gel Process and Determination of Gas Permeability and Selectivity
Authors: Tüzün F. Nihal , Arçevik Ersel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: The aim of the study was to investigate the variation in total surface area, porosity, pore size, Knudsen and surface diffusion coefficients, gas permeability and selectivity before and after the application of sol‐gel process to porous ceramic membrane in order to determine the effect of pore modification. In this study, three different sol‐gel process were applied to the ceramic support separately; one was the silica sol‐gel process which was applied to increase porosity, others were silica‐sol dip coating and silica‐sol processing methods which were applied to decrease pore size. As a result of this, total surface area, pore size and porosity of ceramic support and membranes were determined by using BET instrument. In addition to this, Knudsen and surface diffusion coefficients were also calculated. After then, ceramic support and membranes were exposed to gas permeation experiments by using the CO2 gas with different flow rates. Gas permeability and selectivity of those membranes were measured according to the data obtained. Thus, pore surface area, porosity, pore size and Knudsen diffusion coefficient of membrane treated with silica sol‐gel process increased while total surface area was decreasing. Therefore, permeability of ceramic support and membrane treated with silica sol‐gel process increased, and selectivity decreased with increasing the gas flow rate. Also, surface area, porosity, pore size, permeability, selectivity, Knudsen and surface diffusion coefficients of membranes treated with silica‐sol dip coating and silica‐sol processing methods were determined. As a result of this, porosity, pore size, Knudsen and surface diffusion coefficients decreased, total surface area increased in both methods. However, viscous flow and Knudsen flow permeability were detected as a consequence of gas permeability test and Knudsen flow was found to be a dominant transport mechanism in addition to surface diffusive flow owing to the small pore diameter in both methods. It was observed that silica‐sol processing method had lower pore diameter and higher surface diffusion coefficient than silica‐sol dip coating method.
TiO2‐Functionalized Sulphur Containing Polyimides for Optical Applications
Authors: Mrsevic M. , Staudt C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: Novel sulphur‐containing 6FDA‐SDA‐DABA (4,4'‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride – 4,4'‐diaminodiphenylether – 3,5‐diaminobenzoic acid) copolyimides have been synthesized to create a polymer basis for the use as optical polymers, capable of implementing TiO2 nanoparticles by simple mixing or covalent bonding of functionalized nanoparticles. First fine dispersed nanoparticle‐composites were made by simple mixing of rutile‐type TiO2 nanoparticles and the synthesized copolyimides. Moisture‐absorption was measured in a climate‐cabinet, transparency and cutoff wavelengths have been determined by UV‐VIS spectra. The homogeneity of the composites was verified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the cross sections. The polyimides show constantly low water sorption below 0.08 wt% and cutoff wavelengths below 440 nm. The implementation of nanoparticles by simple mixing was verified by SEM.
Evolution of Fiber Morphologies during Poly (acrylonitrile) Electrospinning
Authors: Fang Jian , Wang Hongxia , Niu Haitao , Lin Tong , Wang Xungai 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: In this study, we used a facile approach to examine the evolution of fiber morphologies during electrospinning, via solidifying the newly electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers in an ethanol bath at different electrospinning distances (2 cm to 10 cm). It has been observed that a massive jet‐thinning took place at the initial stage of whipping instability, followed by uneven fiber‐stretching. The fiber‐stretching at the later whipping stage was mainly concentrated on beaded fiber sections, which improved the uniformity of the resultant fibers.
The accuracy of Doppler radar wind retrievals using insects as targets
Authors: Rennie S. J. , Illingworth A. J. , Dance S. L. , Ballard S. P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInsect returns from the UK's Doppler weather radars were collected in the summers of 2007 and 2008, to ascertain their usefulness in providing information about boundary layer winds. Such observations could be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models to improve forecasts of convective showers before precipitation begins. Significant numbers of insect returns were observed during daylight hours on a number of days through this period, when they were detected at up to 30 km range from the radars, and up to 2 km above sea level. The range of detectable insect returns was found to vary with time of year and temperature. There was also a very weak correlation with wind speed and direction. Use of a dual‐polarized radar revealed that the insects did not orient themselves at random, but showed distinct evidence of common orientation on several days, sometimes at an angle to their direction of travel. Observation minus model background residuals of wind profiles showed greater bias and standard deviation than that of other wind measurement types, which may be due to the insects' headings/airspeeds and to imperfect data extraction. The method used here, similar to the Met Office's procedure for extracting precipitation returns, requires further development as clutter contamination remained one of the largest error contributors. Wind observations derived from the insect returns would then be useful for data assimilation applications. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright.
An investigation of Detect, Practice, and Repair to remedy math‐fact deficits in a group of third‐grade students
Authors: Poncy Brian C. , Skinner Christopher H. , Axtell Philip K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA multiple‐probe‐across‐problem‐sets (tasks) design was used to evaluate the effects of the Detect, Practice, and Repair (DPR) on multiplication‐fact fluency development in seven third‐grade students nominated by their teacher as needing remediation. DPR is a multicomponent intervention and begins with a group‐administered, metronome‐paced assessment used to identify specific facts in need of repair. Next, Cover, Copy, and Compare (CCC) procedures are used to enhance automaticity with those specific facts. Lastly, students complete a 1‐min speed drill and self‐graph their fluency performance. Results showed large level and trend increases in fact fluency after DPR was applied across all three sets of multiplication problems. Discussion focuses on the importance of developing effective and efficient basic‐skill‐remediation procedures and directions for future research. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intermediate frequency Raman spectra of defective single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Popov Valentin N. , Lambin Philippe 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe simulated Raman spectra of defective single‐walled carbon nanotubes within a non‐orthogonal tight‐binding model. The creation of defects in the nanotubes effectively lowers their symmetry and makes a large number of phonons Raman‐active. The Raman spectra of such nanotubes will be similar in shape to their phonon density of states (PDOS). Assuming that for a low density of defects the change of the PDOS is negligible with respect to that of perfect nanotubes, we used the latter as an approximation of the former. The Raman scattering from perfect nanotubes is essentially resonant. Similarly to above, neglecting the change of the electronic structure due to a low density of defects, we adopted the same resonance conditions for defective nanotubes as for perfect ones. Based on these assumptions, we modeled the resonant Raman spectra of a sample of defective nanotubes by means of the PDOS of perfect nanotubes. The obtained results can be used for interpretation of experimental Raman spectra of defective nanotube samples.
Observations of dual slantwise circulations above a cool undercurrent in a mesoscale convective system
Authors: Browning K. A. , Marsham J. H. , Nicol J. C. , Perry F. M. , White B. A. , Blyth A. M. , Mobbs S. D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA series of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) was observed in the UK during one of the Intensive Observation Periods (IOP 3) in the Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP). A detailed case‐study of one of the MCSs, involving some novel interpretation of single Doppler radar data, reveals the evolution of stacked slantwise circulations associated with elevated upright convection. A feature of this occasion was the existence near the surface of a strong undercurrent of cool air flowing against the direction of travel of the storm. The air feeding both the upright and slantwise ascent originated not from near the surface but, rather, from layers between 1 and 3 km. The upright convection was intense at first and was accompanied by a region of dry subsidence surrounding it, together with the alternating layers of slantwise ascent and descent within the storm's precipitation area. When the elevated upright convection weakened, vigorous slantwise motions continued for some time, but their slope decreased from the initial 1 in 4 to 1 in 9. The lowermost layer of slantwise descent corresponded to a moderately intense rear‐inflow jet. The rear‐inflow jet did not penetrate the cool undercurrent and reach the surface; instead, beneath where it impacted the warm air capping the undercurrent, the undercurrent took on the structure of a gravity wave without stagnation. The raised head of the undercurrent lifted overlying air of high wet‐bulb potential temperature sufficiently to overcome the convective inhibition. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
De novo sequencing of two new cyclic θ‐defensins from baboon (Papio hamadryas) leukocytes by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Stegemann Christin , Tsvetkova Elena V. , Aleshina Galina M. , Lehrer Robert I. , Kokryakov Vladimir N. , Hoffmann Ralf 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwo cyclic θ‐defensin peptides were isolated from leukocytes of the hamadryas baboon, Papio hamadryas, and purified to homogeneity by gel electrophoresis and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Both peptides had high in vitro activity against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans. Here, we report their de novo sequencing by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS). This was accomplished by combining conventional enzymatic digestion with N‐terminal derivatization by 2‐sulfobenzoic acid cyclic anhydride (SACA) or 4‐sulfophenylisothiocyanate (SPITC) to facilitate the interpretation of fragment ion spectra. In addition to the two cyclic θ‐defensins (PhTDs) we also sequenced a novel Papio hamadryas α‐defensin, PhD‐4, which showed high sequence homology to rhesus α‐defensin RMAD‐1 and human α‐defensin HNP‐1. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of oxazepam degradation products by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and electrospray ionisation quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Smyth Thomas J. P. , Robledo Virginia Rodríguez , Smyth W. Franklin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOxazepam has been subjected to controlled degradation at 100°C for 3 h in 0.5 M HCl and 0.5 M NaOH. Following neutralisation of the degradation mixture and removal of salts by solid‐phase extraction (SPE), isocratic high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) using water/methanol (25:75 v/v) as the mobile phase was carried out using a flow diverter to collect fractions prior to their characterisation by electrospray ionisation multi‐stage mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn) and proposal of the corresponding fragmentation patterns. The elemental compositions of the degradation products and their MS fragments were evaluated using electrospray ionisation quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS) which was then used to support the proposed fragmentation patterns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of H3O+ from alcohols and ethers induced by intense laser fields
Authors: Shirota Tatsuro , Mano Narutoshi , Tsuge Masashi , Hoshina Kennosuke 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe processes of H3O+ production from alcohols (ethanol, 2‐propanol, 1‐propanol, 2‐butanol) and ethers (diethyl ether and ethyl methyl ether), and their deuterium‐substituted species, by intense laser fields (800 nm, 100 fs, ∼1 × 1014 W/cm) were investigated through time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. H3O+ formation was observed for all these compounds except for ethyl methyl ether. From the analysis of TOF signals of H(3−n)DnO+ (n = 0, 1, 2, and 3) that have expanding tails with increasing flight time, it has been confirmed that the reaction proceeds through metastable dissociation from the intermediate species C2H(5−m)DmO+(m = 0–5). The common shape of the H(3−n)DnO+ signal profiles contains two major distributions in the time constant, i.e., fast and slow components of <50 ns and ∼500 ns, respectively. The H(3−n)DnO+ branching ratio is interpreted to be the result of complete scrambling of four hydrogen atoms at the CC site in C2H4‐OH+, and partial exchange (18–38%) of a hydrogen atom in the OH group with four other hydrogen atoms within 1 ns prior to H(3−n)DnO+ production. Ab initio calculations for the isomers and transition states of C2H5O+ were also performed, and the observed H(3−n)DnO+ production mechanism has been discussed. In addition, a stable isomer having a complex structure and two isomerization pathways were discovered to contribute to the H3O+ formation process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.