bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living‐donor liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis–primary biliary cirrhosis overlap syndrome
Authors: Yamashiki Noriyo , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Tamura Sumihito , Kaneko Junichi , Takazawa Yutaka , Aoki Taku , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Koike Kazuhiko , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  Recurrent autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) following liver transplantation has been reported in 20–30% of cases, mainly of Western populations. The aim of this study was to review our experience of living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in Japanese patients with AIH.Methods:  Among 375 adult (age ≥18 years) LDLT performed at our center between 1996 and 2010, 16 (4.2%) were for patients with AIH (n = 12) or AIH–primary biliary cirrhosis overlap syndrome (n = 4). The patient and donor characteristics and post‐transplantation course were reviewed.Results:  All recipients were female with a median age of 48 years (range, 21–58). Low‐dose methylprednisolone and calcineurin inhibitors were continued in all patients. Acute cellular rejection occurred in 10 (63%), which was more frequent than in our overall series of 28.5% (107/375 cases). Overall survival rate was 81.2% at 5 years. At the end of the follow up (median, 6.0 years [range, 0.1–9.6]), 13 patients were alive with normal liver function tests (aspartate transaminase, 18 ± 5 IU/mL; alanine transaminase, 16 ± 8 IU/mL). None of the survivors exhibited liver function test results suspicious for recurrent AIH, which might indicate liver biopsy.Conclusion:  Survival after LDLT for AIH and overlap syndrome was excellent and there was no evidence of clinical recurrence. The recurrence rate of AIH after liver transplantation may differ among countries, and requires further investigation.
Art and National Identity: Some Museums in Prague
Authors: Carrier David 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:In histories of the art museum, Prague has only a minor place. Yet at one crucial early moment, Prague played an important role in what we might call the prehistory of European public museums. There is a close link between art museums and nationalism. One necessary condition for being a country, it might be said, is that its people have a distinctive artistic tradition and therefore reason to build a museum in which to house it. What, then, is the relationship between Prague’s art museums and the identity of the Czech people?
CCL2 Mediates Cross-talk between Cancer Cells and Stromal Fibroblasts That Regulates Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Tsuyada Akihiro , Chow Amy , Wu Jun , Somlo George , Chu Peiguo , Loera Sofia , Luu Thehang , Li Arthur Xuejun , Wu Xiwei , Ye Wei , Chen Shiuan , Zhou Weiying , Yu Yang , Wang Yuan-Zhong , Ren Xiubao , Li Hui , Scherle Peggy , Kuroki Yukio , Wang Shizhen Emily 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) play critical roles in cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic refractoriness. Although many studies have focused on the genes and pathways involved in stemness, characterization of the factors in the tumor microenvironment that regulate CSCs is lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of stromal fibroblasts on breast cancer stem cells. We found that compared with normal fibroblasts, primary cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and fibroblasts activated by cocultured breast cancer cells produce higher levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), which stimulates the stem cell–specific, sphere-forming phenotype in breast cancer cells and CSC self-renewal. Increased CCL2 expression in activated fibroblasts required STAT3 activation by diverse breast cancer–secreted cytokines, and in turn, induced NOTCH1 expression and the CSC features in breast cancer cells, constituting a cancer-stroma-cancer signaling circuit. In a xenograft model of paired fibroblasts and breast cancer tumor cells, loss of CCL2 significantly inhibited tumorigenesis and NOTCH1 expression. In addition, upregulation of both NOTCH1 and CCL2 was associated with poor differentiation in primary breast cancers, further supporting the observation that NOTCH1 is regulated by CCL2. Our findings therefore suggest that CCL2 represents a potential therapeutic target that can block the cancer–host communication that prompts CSC-mediated disease progression. Cancer Res; 72(11); 2768–79. ©2012 AACR.
Increase in Cholesterol Predicts Survival Advantage in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Temsirolimus
Authors: Lee Chee Khoon , Marschner Ian C. , Simes R. John , Voysey Merryn , Egleston Brian , Hudes Gary , de Souza Paul 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose: Temsirolimus is an effective treatment for renal cell carcinoma. It is associated with increases in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose. We investigated whether changes of these biomarkers could predict its efficacy.Experimental Design: We examined serial measurements of cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose from patients randomized to IFN or temsirolimus in the Global Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Trial. Using time-dependent proportional hazards models, we quantified the association between changes in these biomarkers from baseline with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). We also assess the extent to which changes of these biomarkers predict the effects of temsirolimus on survival.Results: Temsirolimus was associated with larger mean increases in cholesterol (1.02 mmol/L; P &lt; 0.0001), triglycerides (0.32 mmol/L; P = 0.0008), and glucose (1.28 mmol/L; P &lt; 0.0001) compared with IFN and improved survival rate (OS: HR = 0.76, P = 0.02; PFS: HR = 0.70, P = 0.001). Cholesterol increase during study was associated with longer survival (OS: HR = 0.77 per mmol/L, P &lt; 0.0001; PFS: HR = 0.81 per mmol/L; P &lt; 0.0001). Temsirolimus effect on cholesterol predicted its effect on survival with no additional survival advantage observed after adjusting for cholesterol change during study (OS: HR = 1.14, P = 0.37; PFS: HR = 0.88, P = 0.35). Temsirolimus effect on triglycerides or glucose did not predict its effect on survival, with survival advantage in favor of temsirolimus still observed after adjusting for these factors (P = 0.003 and P = 0.002).Conclusion: Cholesterol increase is a potential predictor for temsirolimus efficacy. Longer survival in patients treated with temsirolimus was observed in those with larger increases in cholesterol. Prospectively designed biomarker studies of temsirolimus or other mTOR inhibitors are recommended. Clin Cancer Res; 18(11); 3188–96. ©2012 AACR.
Adenosine A2A and Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: Novel Selective and Synergistic Multiple Myeloma Targets Discovered through Systematic Combination Screening
Authors: Rickles Richard J. , Tam Winnie F. , Giordano Thomas P. , Pierce Laura T. , Farwell Melissa , McMillin Douglas W. , Necheva Antoaneta , Crowe David , Chen Mei , Avery William , Kansra Vikram , Nawrocki Steffan T. , Carew Jennifer S. , Giles Francis J. , Mitsiades Constantine S. , Borisy Alexis A. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Lee Margaret S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The use of combination drug regimens has dramatically improved the clinical outcome for patients with multiple myeloma. However, to date, combination treatments have been limited to approved drugs and a small number of emerging agents. Using a systematic approach to identify synergistic drug combinations, combination high-throughput screening (cHTS) technology, adenosine A2A and β-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists were shown to be highly synergistic, selective, and novel agents that enhance glucocorticoid activity in B-cell malignancies. Unexpectedly, A2A and β2AR agonists also synergize with melphalan, lenalidomide, bortezomib, and doxorubicin. An analysis of agonists, in combination with dexamethasone or melphalan in 83 cell lines, reveals substantial activity in multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines. Combination effects are also observed with dexamethasone as well as bortezomib, using multiple myeloma patient samples and mouse multiple myeloma xenograft assays. Our results provide compelling evidence in support of development of A2A and β2AR agonists for use in multi-drug combination therapy for multiple myeloma. Furthermore, use of cHTS for the discovery and evaluation of new targets and combination therapies has the potential to improve cancer treatment paradigms and patient outcomes. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(7); 1432–42. ©2012 AACR.
Experience of Advate rAHF-PFM in previously untreated patients and minimally treated patients with haemophilia A
Authors: Auerswald Guenter , Thompson Alexis , Recht Michael , Brown Deborah , Liesner Raina , Guzmán-Becerra Norma , Dyck-Jones Jacqueline , Ewenstein Bruce , Abbuehl Brigitt 
Published: April 2012

SummaryWe report a prospective trial of 55 previously untreated patients (PUPs) and minimally treated patients (MTPs) with severe/moderately severe haemophilia A (baseline factor VIII [FVIII] ≤2%) treated with a single FVIII replacement product. It was the objective of this study to evaluate the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of rAHF-PFM (Advate®). Ondemand or prophylactic treatment regimens were determined at the discretion of the investigator. rAHF-PFM was also permitted for perioperative management. There were 633 bleeding episodes (BEs), including 517 treated, and 466 rated for efficacy. Haemostatic efficacy was considered excellent/good in 93% of 466 rated treatments. Of 517 treated BEs, 463/517 (90%) were managed with one (356/517 [69%]) or two infusions (107/517 [21%]). There were 27 surgeries. Intraoperative (n=22) and postoperative (n=25) haemostatic efficacies were considered excellent or good in 100% of rated surgeries. Related serious adverse events (SAEs) were inhibitor development in 16/55 (29.1%) subjects who received at least one infusion of rAHF-PFM. Nonserious, related adverse events (AEs) were few in number (14 in eight subjects). The odds ratio (OR [95% Confidence Interval, CI]) of developing inhibitors was significantly higher in subjects with a family history of inhibitor (4.95 [1.29–19.06]), non-Caucasian ethnicity (4.18, [1.18–14.82]), and intensive treatment at high dose (4.5 [1.05–19.25]) within ≤20 exposure days (EDs). In conclusion, rAHF-PFM was safe and effective for the management and perioperative coverage of PUPs/MTPs with severe/moderately severe haemophilia A. This report supports previous findings from studies in which family history of inhibitor, non-Caucasian ethnicity, and high intensity treatment were associated with high risk of inhibitor development.
The Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure
Authors: Kitchen Lisa , Westmacott Robyn , Friefeld Sharon , MacGregor Daune , Curtis Rosalind , Allen Anita , Yau Ivanna , Askalan Rand , Moharir Mahendranath , Domi Trish , deVeber Gabrielle 
Published: April 2012

Background and Purpose—
The Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM) is an objective, disease-specific outcome measure containing 115 test items suitable for newborn to adult ages. The PSOM measures neurological deficit and function across 5 subscales: right sensorimotor, left sensorimotor, language production, language comprehension, and cognitive/behavior yielding a final 10-point deficit score. The goal of this study was to examine PSOM construct validity in measuring neurological outcome in pediatric stroke survivors and interrater reliability (IRR) for both prospective and retrospective scoring.

Methods—
For construct validity, PSOM subscale scores were correlated with scores on standardized neuropsychological measures matched by functional domain. We assessed IRR by comparing same-day “live” PSOM scores from 2 independent raters in 10 children (prospective IRR) and by comparing PSOM scores estimated from medical dictations across 5 raters in another 10 children (retrospective IRR).

Results—

We analyzed PSOM scores from 203 children with ischemic stroke. PSOM subscales show good construct validity (ρ=0.2–0.4;
P
<0.05). PSOM subscale scores of normal/abnormal demonstrate strong agreement for domain-matched neuropsychology scores (alternative chance-corrected statistic=0.4–0.8). IRR was excellent with the 2 prospective raters' scores in almost perfect agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.76–0.98). Retrospective IRR demonstrated strong agreement with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.56–0.92).

Conclusions—
The PSOM is a valid and reliable outcome measure for pediatric stroke. It is useful for retrospective scoring from health records and prospective serial longitudinal outcome assessments and is ideally suited for prospective clinical trials in pediatric stroke.
Automated Perfusion Imaging for the Evaluation of Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Kleinman Jonathan T. , Zaharchuk Greg , Mlynash Michael , Ogdie Alyshia A. , Straka Matus , Lansberg Maarten G. , Schwartz Neil E. , Kemp Stephanie , Bammer Roland , Albers Gregory W. , Olivot Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2012

Background and Purpose—
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is recommended for the evaluation of transient ischemic attack. Perfusion imaging can increase the yield of MRI in transient ischemic attack. We evaluated automated bolus perfusion (the time when the residue function reaches its maximum [TMax] and mean transit time [MTT]) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequences for the detection of ischemic lesions in patients with transient ischemic attack.

Methods—
We enrolled consecutive patients evaluated for suspicion of acute transient ischemic attack by multimodal MRI within 36 hours of symptom onset. Two independent raters assessed the presence and location of ischemic lesions blinded to the clinical presentation. The prevalence of ischemic lesions and the interrater agreement were1410 assessed.

Results—

From January 2010 to 2011, 93 patients were enrolled and 90 underwent perfusion imaging (69 bolus perfusion and 76 ASL). Overall, 25 of 93 patients (27%) were DWI-positive and 14 (15%) were perfusion-positive but DWI-negative (ASL n=9; TMax n=9; MTT n=2). MTT revealed an ischemic lesion in fewer patients than TMax (7 versus 20,
P
=0.004). Raters agreed on 89% of diffusion-weighted imaging cases, 89% of TMax, 87% o10f010 MTT, and 90% of ASL cases. The interrater agreement was good for DWI, TMax, and ASL (κ=0.73, 0.72, and 0.74, respectively) and fair for MTT (κ=0.43). Diffusion and/or perfusion were positive in 39 of 69 (57%) patients with a discharge diagnosis of possible ischemic event.

Conclusions—
Our results suggest that in patients referred for suspicion of transient ischemic attack, automated TMax is more sensitive than MTT, and both ASL and TMax increase the yield of MRI for the detection of ischemic lesions.
I Have a Hunch
Authors: McCutcheon Russell T. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Using the same arguments that, in the 1960s, were successfully employed to establish the institutionally autonomous, non-reductive study of religion (generally understood as the public, institutionalized expression of a private experience, belief, or faith), this essay argues for the urgent need to establish a phenomenology and a hermeneutics of hunches—posited here as being among the only truly cross-cultural dispositions shared by all human beings.
The Twilight of the Doxai: Or, How to Philosophize with a Whac-A-Mole™ Mallet
Authors: Rubenstein Mary-Jane 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article evaluates the hermeneutic value of the category of belief from the perspective of a broadly “continental” philosophy of religion. From Socrates’s dismantling of his interlocutors’doxaito Pseudo-Dionysius’s un-saying of the divine names to Kierkegaard’s noetic divestment to Derrida’s aporetic genealogies, it argues that “belief” is the target, rather than thetelos, of philosophic scrutiny. For the authors engaged here, beliefs are phantasms—uninterrogated positions that uphold a kind of routine political, psychological, or theological order—whose unraveling opens the possibility of difference, and thus of thinking itself.
Belief and/in the Law
Authors: Fernando Mayanthi L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article examines how ‘belief’ has emerged as the privileged site of religion in human rights law, rendering some forms of ethical life unintelligible to secular-modern law and politics. I first analyze models of ethical personhood in which actions like veiling or praying do not only signify piety but are also integral to achieving it. I next turn to tracing how the 2004 French ban on headscarves in public schools was seen as a non-violation of religious liberty, examining the particular relationship between interiority and exteriority, mind and body, and belief and practice that underlay arguments for the ban. I then show how these distinctions produce another distinction between conscience and its manifestation, one that is institutionalized in secular legal conventions that make the freedom to believe unalienable but the freedom to manifest that belief alienable. Finally, I examine the paradox of legislating the inviolability of the freedom to believe.
Nurturing the Indwelling Protest: Max Horkheimer and the Dialectic of Religious Resistance and Betrayal
Authors: Boer Roland 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article critiques and assesses Max Horkheimer’s lifelong interest in matters of religion and theology. He rehearses a theme throughout his work that strengthens in his later years: an authentic Christianity or Judaism owes its allegiance to and longing for a “totally other” and not any temporal power such as the state. Indeed, in the name of this other – understood in either ontological or temporal terms – Christians would do well to remember the trenchant criticisms of vested power and wealth and Jews would do equally well to remember the basic impulse of not being conformed to this world. In short, such a religious standpoint is one of persistent and incorruptible resistance to the world in every fibre of one’s being. The problem is that religions like Judaism and Christianity have betrayed that resistance in the name of the totally other and made deals with the world – with the state, with wealth, with influence and with the economic systems of the day. This betrayal shows up, for example, in the way Christianity has often become an established religion, in the establishment of a Jewish state and in liberal theology. I am not taken with this grand opposition, which trades on the distinction between authentic and inauthentic, the latter functioning as a betrayal of the former. Far more interesting are the moments when Horkheimer sets his dialectical skills to work on this opposition. When this happens, we find him arguing that the “betrayal” was often a necessary process for the survival of the religion in question, for any religion that followed the precepts of Jesus as recorded in the Gospels would soon have been ground into the dust.
The Priestly Body: Power-Discourse and Identity in John Chrysostom’s De Sacerdotio
Authors: de Wet Chris L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper approaches John Chrysostom’sDe Sacerdotiofrom the perspective of body/power/identity. It identifies five power-discourses active in the text. Firstly, the discourse of hierarchy is present. The office of the priest ranks with the angels. Secondly, the priest is represented as disciplinarian and psychagogue, an enforcer of state and ecclesiastical policy in the process of making docile bodies. In the third instance, much attention is given to the disruptive others – those people who complicate the life and duty of the priest. Fourthly, the notion of andronormativity and normality is discussed, since gender is an important feature inDe Sacerdotio. Finally, the relevance and effect of the priest as orator is extrapolated. The study concludes by asking how these discourses also shape the way Chrysostom thinks about himself and the sacerdotal office.
Driving With a Partially Autonomous Forward Collision Warning System
Authors: Muhrer Elke , Reinprecht Klaus , Vollrath Mark 
Published: April 2012

Objective: The effects of a forward collision warning (FCW) and braking system (FCW+) were examined in a driving simulator study analyzing driving and gaze behavior and the engagement in a secondary task. Background: In-depth accident analyses indicate that a lack of appropriate expectations for possible critical situations and visual distraction may be the major causes of rear-end crashes. Studies with FCW systems have shown that a warning alone was not enough for a driver to be able to avoid the accident. Thus, an additional braking intervention by such systems could be necessary. Method: In a driving simulator experiment, 30 drivers took part in a car-following scenario in an urban area. It was assumed that different lead car behaviors and environmental aspects would lead to different drivers’ expectations of the future traffic situation. Driving with and without FCW+ was introduced as a between-subjects factor. Results: Driving with FCW+ resulted in significantly fewer accidents in critical situations. This result was achieved by the system’s earlier reaction time as compared with that of drivers. The analysis of the gaze behavior showed that driving with the system did not lead to a stronger involvement in secondary tasks. Conclusion: The study supports the hypotheses about the importance of missing expectations for the occurrence of accidents. These accidents can be prevented by an FCW+ that brakes autonomously. Application: The results indicate that an autonomous braking intervention should be implemented in FCW systems to increase the effectiveness of these assistance systems.
Estimating 3-D L5/S1 Moments During Manual Lifting Using a Video Coding System
Authors: Xu Xu , Chang Chien-Chi , Faber Gert S. , Kingma Idsart , Dennerlein Jack T. 
Published: April 2012

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the validity and interrater reliability of using a proposed video coding system to estimate the dynamical 3-D L5/S1 joint moment on the basis of four key frames from video clips of asymmetric lifting tasks. Background: L5/S1 joint loading has been widely adopted to quantify low-back loading during lifting tasks. However, the measurement of L5/S1 joint loading usually requires a laboratory environment, which cannot be applied during field surveys. Method: The validity of this system was investigated by comparing the estimated L5/S1 joint moments of various simulated lifting tasks with motion tracking system-based reference L5/S1 joint moments. Results: The comparison showed that the video coding system yielded good estimates on peak moment ( r = .91, average absolute error [AAE] = 20.3 Nm) and cumulative moment ( r = .88, AAE = 22.5 Nm·sec) of the sagittal plane. The interrater reliability of this system was assessed among 10 raters who used this system. The intraclass correlation ranged between .51 and .89 for the moments of different planes. Conclusion: The results of the validity and interrater reliability analyses showed that the proposed video coding system could provide a good estimate of total L5/S1 joint loading on the basis of side-view video clips of the simulated lifting tasks. Application: Although it was not as accurate as a motion tracking system for L5/S1 joint loading calculations, this approach can be an alternative for back load estimation for some lifting configurations when the use of motion tracking systems is not possible.