bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel emulsion coating and its effects on internal quality and shelf life of eggs during room temperature storage
Authors: Torrico Damir D. , Jirangrat Wannita , No Hong Kyoon , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Ge Beilei , Ingram Dennis 
Published: November 2010

SummaryEffects of mineral oil (MO), chitosan solution (CH) and their emulsions (MO:CH = 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 ratios) as coating materials in preserving internal quality of eggs were evaluated during a 5‐weeks storage at 25 °C. Consumers (n = 109) evaluated surface properties and purchase intent of freshly coated eggs. As storage time increased, Haugh unit and yolk index values decreased whereas weight loss increased. Noncoated eggs rapidly changed from AA to B and C grades after 1 and 3 weeks, respectively. However, all emulsion‐coated eggs maintained their A‐grade quality for 4 weeks. Compared with noncoated eggs, all emulsion coatings reduced weight loss of eggs by at least seven times (0.88–1.03% vs. 7.14%). Only MO:CH = 25:75 emulsion‐coated eggs were not sensorially glossier than noncoated eggs. All emulsion‐coated eggs had >80% positive purchase intent and were negative for Salmonella. This study demonstrated that MO:CH emulsion coatings preserved internal quality and prolonged shelf life of eggs.
Effect of calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium gluconate and calcium lactate on some physicochemical properties of soymilk
Authors: Pathomrungsiyounggul Pattavara , Grandison Alistair S. , Lewis Michael J. 
Published: November 2010

SummarySoymilk fortified with 25 mm Ca (Ca carbonate, Ca citrate, triCa phosphate, Ca gluconate or Ca lactate) was compared with the properties of unfortified soymilk (control). Calcium carbonate, Ca citrate and triCa phosphate did not significantly affect [Ca2+], absolute viscosity and particle size of soymilk, but Ca gluconate and Ca lactate significantly increased these properties. The pH of soymilk was significantly increased by adding Ca carbonate but significantly reduced by adding Ca gluconate and Ca lactate. Dry sediment of soymilk increased significantly with the addition of all Ca salts excluding triCa phosphate. Freezing point depression increased significantly only for Ca gluconate and Ca lactate, mainly owing to their higher solubility.
Composition and oxidative stabilities of oils extracted from hybrid hazelnuts grown in Nebraska, USA
Authors: Xu Yixiang , Hanna Milford A. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryRecently, hybrid hazelnuts have emerged as a potential oilseed crop in Nebraska for food and value‐added industrial applications. As with all hazelnuts, Nebraska hybrid hazelnuts were characterised by the high oil content with the average oil content of 54.3%. Oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid. Oleic acid and linoleic acid accounted for more than 90% of the total fatty acid composition, whereas small quantities of palmitoleic and linolenic acids were found. Four major tocopherols (α‐, β‐, γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols) were identified with α‐tocopherol as the most dominant isomer. The average total tocopherol content was 235.4 mg kg−1 oil with α‐tocopherol constituting approximately 97.5% of the total tocopherols. β‐sitosterol was the most abundant sterol of the three identified sterols representing, on average, 93.1% of total sterols, followed by campesterol and stigmasterol. The oil oxidative stability was affected by the presence of high levels of natural antioxidants and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Genotype 16–177 was superior to the other genotypes, when combining high levels of MUFA, tocopherols and phytosterols, and high oxidative stability.
Morphology, FTIR fingerprint and survivability of encapsulated lactic bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) in simulated gastric juice and intestinal juice
Authors: Vodnar Dan C. , Socaciu Carmen , Rotar Ancuţa M. , Stãnilã Andreea 
Published: November 2010

SummaryMicroencapsulation of bacteria in hydrocolloid beads is known as a potential way to enhance and protect their survivability in the digestive tract. We encapsulated a mix of two lactic bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) in sodium alginate (AG) and chitosan (CH) matrices. The morphological parameters of beads containing bacteria were comparatively measured. The FTIR fingerprint can discriminate the presence of bacteria into the beads, identifying specific absorption peaks for bacteria located at 1750, 2852 and 2926 cm−1. To check the survivability of bacteria, beads were incubated in simulated gastric juice (pH 1.5) and intestinal juice (pH 7.2) for different periods of time, up to 120 min. The 2% AG beads, better than CH beads, provided best protection of bacterial survivability. Encapsulated mix of S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus can behave as a probiotic bacteria, viable, surviving in the simulated gastric and intestinal juice.
Effect of hydrocolloids on gluten‐free batter properties and bread quality
Authors: Sciarini Lorena S. , Ribotta Pablo D. , León Alberto E. , Pérez Gabriela T. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to assess the effect of the addition of different hydrocolloids on gluten‐free batter properties and bread quality and to obtain information about the relationship between dough consistency and bread quality. Breads were made of rice, corn and soy flours and 158% water. Following hydrocolloids were added: carrageenan (C), alginate (Al), xanthan gum (XG), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and gelatine (Gel). Batter consistency, bread specific volume (SV), crumb analysis, crust colour, crumb hardness and staling rate were determined. Hydrocolloids increased batter consistencies: the highest value was obtained with XG, which doubled that of control batter, followed by CMC. Breads with hydrocolloid presented higher SV than control, especially with XG whose SV was 18.3% higher than that of control bread. A positive correlation was found between SV and batter consistency (r = 0.94;P < 0.05). Crumbs with Gel, XG and CMC presented higher cell average size. XG and CMC crumbs looked spongier. Breads containing hydrocolloid evidenced lighter crusts. Crumb firmness was decreased by XG and CMC addition, and staling rate was slower. Overall, XG was the hydrocolloid that most improved gluten‐free bread quality. These results show that, in formulations with high water content, batter consistency is strongly associated with bread volume.
Microwave‐assisted extraction optimised with response surface methodology and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) fruit
Authors: Liu Jian‐Li , Yuan Jiang‐Feng , Zhang Zhi‐Qi 
Published: November 2010

SummaryMicrowave‐assisted extraction (MAE) of polyphenols from hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) fruit was investigated, and the best combination of extraction parameters was obtained using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimised procedure was achieved by soaking the sample powder with 83% ethanol for 90 min at solid–liquid ratio of 1–20, and then microwave irradiation for 13 min at power of 440 W. Under this condition, an extraction yield of 23.5% was obtained and the percentage of phenolic compounds in the extract reached 41.2%. The total content of polyphenols in hawthorn fruit was 96.9 ± 4.3 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight measured by Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent method, and the main phenolic compounds were determined as procyanidin B2, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, procyanidin C1 and rutin. Biological studies showed that the extract possessed a strong inhibitory effect against DPPH, hydroxyl radicals and lipid peroxidation, as well as strong reducing power.
Thermodynamic and statistical analysis of soybean oil extraction process using renewable solvent
Authors: Rodrigues Christianne E. C. , Aracava Keila K. , Abreu Fernanda N. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe main goal of this work was to evaluate thermodynamic parameters of the soybean oil extraction process using ethanol as solvent. The experimental treatments were as follows: aqueous solvents with water contents varying from 0 to 13% (mass basis) and extraction temperature varying from 50 to 100 °C. The distribution coefficients of oil at equilibrium have been used to calculate enthalpy, entropy and free energy changes. The results indicate that oil extraction process with ethanol is feasible and spontaneous, mainly under higher temperature. Also, the influence of water level in the solvent and temperature were analysed using the response surface methodology (RSM). It can be noted that the extraction yield was highly affected by both independent variables. A joint analysis of thermodynamic and RSM indicates the optimal level of solvent hydration and temperature to perform the extraction process.
Effect of Mesona Blumes gum on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of rice extrudates
Authors: Zhuang Haining , Feng Tao , Xie Zhengjun , Toure Alhassane , Xu Xueming , Jin Zhengyu , Su Qiang 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Mesona Blumes gum (MBG) on some physical, chemical, sensory and antioxidant properties of rice extrudates. MBG was added to rice flour at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (w/w). The water solubility index (WSI) increased from 4.19% to 15.32% with MBG addition. Both water absorption index (WAI) and moisture retention (MR) reached maximum at 15% MBG. Bulk density (BD) was the highest at 5% (131.22 g cm−3) and the lowest at 15% MBG (121.44 g cm−3). Hardness was maximal at 5% (8.44 N mm−2) and minimal at 15% MBG (5.98 N mm−2). Expansion ratio (ER) and lightness (L*) decreased for all extruded products with MBG. MBG at 5% or 10% level could improve sensory characteristics of final products. The extract of extrudates at 15% MBG had the highest antioxidation ability among those extrudates. Thus, it was possible to produce a new palatable rice extrudate with MBG.
Structure–function relationship in an archaebacterial methionine sulphoxide reductase B
Authors: Carella Michela , Becher Juliane , Ohlenschläger Oliver , Ramachandran Ramadurai , Gührs Karl‐Heinz , Wellenreuther Gerd , Meyer‐Klaucke Wolfram , Heinemann Stefan H. , Görlach Matthias 
Published: November 2010

SummaryOxidation of methionine to methionine sulphoxide (MetSO) may lead to loss of molecular integrity and function. This oxidation can be ‘repaired’ by methionine sulphoxide reductases (MSRs), which reduce MetSO back to methionine. Two structurally unrelated classes of MSRs, MSRA and MSRB, show stereoselectivity towards the S and the R enantiomer of the sulphoxide respectively. Interestingly, these enzymes were even maintained throughout evolution in anaerobic organisms. Here, the activity and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of MTH711, a zinc containing MSRB from the thermophilic, methanogenic archaebacterium Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus, are described. The structure appears more rigid as compared with similar MSRBs from aerobic and mesophilic organisms. No significant structural differences between the oxidized and the reduced MTH711 state can be deduced from our NMR data. A stable sulphenic acid is formed at the catalytic Cys residue upon oxidation of the enzyme with MetSO. The two non‐zinc‐binding cysteines outside the catalytic centre are not necessary for activity of MTH711 and are not situated close enough to the active‐site cysteine to serve in regenerating the active centre via the formation of an intramolecular disulphide bond. These findings imply a reaction cycle that differs from that observed for other MSRBs.
Unravelling the gallic acid degradation pathway in bacteria: the gal cluster from Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Nogales Juan , Canales Ángeles , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Serra Beatriz , Pingarrón José Manuel , García José Luis , Díaz Eduardo 
Published: November 2010

SummaryGallic acid (3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoic acid, GA) is widely distributed in nature, being a major phenolic pollutant and a commonly used antioxidant and building‐block for drug development. We have characterized the first complete cluster (gal genes) responsible for growth in GA in a derivative of the model bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440. GalT mediates specific GA uptake and chemotaxis, and highlights the critical role of GA transport in bacterial adaptation to GA consumption. The proposed GA degradation via the central intermediate 4‐oxalomesaconic acid (OMA) was revisited and all enzymes involved have been identified. Thus, GalD is the prototype of a new subfamily of isomerases that catalyses a biochemical step that remained unknown, i.e. the tautomerization of the OMAketo generated by the GalA dioxygenase to OMAenol. GalB is the founding member of a new family of zinc‐containing hydratases that converts OMAenol into 4‐carboxy‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxoadipic acid (CHA). galC encodes the aldolase catalysing CHA cleavage to pyruvic and oxaloacetic acids. The presence of homologous gal clusters outside the Pseudomonas genus sheds light on the evolution and ecology of the gal genes in GA degraders. The gal genes were used for expanding the metabolic abilities of heterologous hosts towards GA degradation, and for engineering a GA cellular biosensor.
Role of nitric oxide in hydrogen peroxide‐dependent induction of abiotic stress tolerance by brassinosteroids in cucumber
Authors: CUI JIN‐XIA , ZHOU YAN‐HONG , DING JIAN‐GANG , XIA XIAO‐JIAN , SHI KAI , CHEN SHUANG‐CHEN , ASAMI TADAO , CHEN ZHIXIANG , YU JING‐QUAN 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTBrassinosteroids (BRs) can induce plant tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses by triggering the generation of H2O2 as a signalling molecule in cucumber leaves. Whether nitric oxide (NO) also plays a signalling role and, if so, what is the relationship between NO and H2O2 in BR‐induced stress tolerance are unknown. Involvement of NO and H2O2 in BR‐induced tolerance was examined. NO accumulation and defence related gene transcripts were monitored by confocal laser‐scanning microscopy and qRT‐PCR, respectively. NO content was elevated after treatment with 24‐epibrassinolide (EBR) and reduced with the inhibition of BR biosynthesis. EBR‐induced NO production was blocked by pre‐treatment with inhibitor of NADPH oxidase and a reactive oxygen species scavenger. On the other hand, EBR‐induced H2O2 generation was not sensitive to NO scavenger or inhibitor of NO production. Scavenging or inhibition of NO production inhibited EBR‐induced tolerance to photo‐oxidative and cold stress and partly blocked EBR‐induced expression and activities of several antioxidant enzymes. Pre‐treatment of the exogenous NO precursor, on the other hand, led to both increased stress tolerance and increased expression of antioxidant enzymes. These results strongly suggest that NO plays an important role in H2O2‐dependent induction of plant stress tolerance by BR.
Towards large‐scale prediction of Lolium rigidum emergence. I. Can climate be used to predict dormancy parameters?
Authors: OWEN M J , MICHAEL P J , RENTON M , STEADMAN K J , POWLES S B 
Published: November 2010

Owen MJ, Michael PJ, Renton M, Steadman KJ & Powles SB (2011). Towards large‐scale prediction of Lolium rigidum emergence. I. Can climate be used to predict dormancy parameters? Weed Research51, 123–132.Summary Lolium rigidum (annual or rigid ryegrass) is a widespread annual weed in cropping systems of southern Australia. Seeds exhibit dormancy at dispersal and require a period of dry after‐ripening to release dormancy, before germination and emergence can occur. Climate, particularly temperature and rainfall, modulates dormancy level at seed maturity and dormancy release during after‐ripening. This study investigated the possibility to predict seed dormancy of L. rigidum over a large scale, based on spatial and climatic factors. Mature seeds were collected from 406 populations across 15 different agronomic zones of the 14 million hectare grain belt of southern Western Australia. For each population, initial dormancy and change in dormancy over a 6‐month period were measured. Logistic growth curve models were then fitted for each population, with the resulting equation used to estimate four further parameters describing dormancy status of the population. These parameters were used to determine relationships between location in the grain belt and long‐term and current‐year temperature and rainfall parameters for each population. Although some trends in seed dormancy patterns were found and distinct spatial clusters were clearly evident, our results indicate that climatic parameters alone are unlikely to be a useful predictor for seed dormancy in L. rigidum on a large scale, such as the Western Australian grain belt.
Pulmonary rehabilitation improves exercise capacity and quality of life in underweight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: LAN Chou‐Chin , YANG Mei‐Chen , LEE Chih‐Hsin , HUANG Yi‐Chih , HUANG Chun‐Yao , HUANG Kuo‐Liang , WU Yao‐Kuang 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  An estimated 20–40% of COPD patients are underweight. We sought to confirm the physiological and psychosocial benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation programmes (PRP) in underweight compared with non‐underweight patients with COPD.Methods:  Twenty‐two underweight COPD patients with BMI <20 kg/m2, and 22 non‐underweight COPD patients, who were matched for FEV1 and age, were studied. All patients had moderate‐to‐very severe COPD. All patients participated in 12‐week, hospital‐based outpatient PRP consisting of two sessions per week. Baseline and post‐PRP status were evaluated by spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, ventilatory muscle strength and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).Results:  At baseline, the age distribution and airflow obstruction were similar in underweight and non‐underweight patients with COPD. Baseline exercise capacity, inspiratory muscle strength and SGRQ total and symptoms scores were significantly lower in the underweight patients (all P < 0.05). After the PRP, there was significant weight gain in the underweight COPD patients (mean increase 0.8 kg, P = 0.01). There were also significant improvements in peak oxygen uptake, peak workload and the SGRQ total, symptoms, activity and impact scores in both underweight and non‐underweight patients with COPD (all P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Underweight patients with COPD have impaired exercise capacity and health‐related quality of life (HRQL). Exercise training with supplemental oxygen may result in significant weight gains and improvements in exercise capacity and HRQL. Exercise training is indicated for underweight patients with COPD.
Compatible solute biosynthesis in cyanobacteria
Authors: Klähn Stephan , Hagemann Martin 
Published: November 2010

SummaryCompatible solutes are a functional group of small, highly soluble organic molecules that demonstrate compatibility in high amounts with cellular metabolism. The accumulation of compatible solutes is often observed during the acclimation of organisms to adverse environmental conditions, particularly to salt and drought stress. Among cyanobacteria, sucrose, trehalose, glucosylglycerol and glycine betaine are used as major compatible solutes. Interestingly, a close correlation has been discovered between the final salt tolerance limit and the primary compatible solute in these organisms. In addition to the dominant compatible solutes, many strains accumulate mixtures of these compounds, including minor compounds such as glucosylglycerate or proline as secondary or tertiary solutes. In particular, the accumulation of sucrose and trehalose results in an increase in tolerance to general stresses such as desiccation and high temperatures. During recent years, the biochemical and molecular basis of compatible solute accumulation has been characterized using cyanobacterial model strains that comprise different salt tolerance groups. Based on these data, the distribution of genes involved in compatible solute synthesis among sequenced cyanobacterial genomes is reviewed, and thereby, the major compatible solutes and potential salt tolerance of these strains can be predicted. Knowledge regarding cyanobacterial salt tolerance is not only useful to characterize strain‐specific adaptations to ecological niches, but it can also be used to generate cells with increased tolerance to adverse environmental conditions for biotechnological purposes.
Clinical predictors of renal mass pathological features
Authors: Tsivian Matvey , Mouraviev Vladimir , Albala David M. , Caso Jorge R. , Robertson Cary N. , Madden John F. , Polascik Thomas J. 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Widespread use of abdominal imaging has changed the landscape of kidney lesions with an increase in serendipitously detected small renal masses (SRMs) that represent a new epidemiological entity that requires further understanding and potentially reconsideration of current treatment schemes.We identified specific preoperative factors associated with renal mass pathological features, and specifically with an increased risk of malignant, potentially aggressive disease. These factors should be considered when evaluating potential candidates for active surveillance and ablative techniques.OBJECTIVE• To evaluate the influence of radiographic tumour size and other preoperative variables on the pathological characteristics of the lesion to determine the distribution of pathological features and assess preoperative risk factors for potentially aggressive versus probably indolent renal lesions.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Retrospective review of records for 768 patients who underwent surgery for single, sporadic renal mass between 2000 and 2008 in a tertiary academic institution.• Demographic, radiographic and pathological variables were recorded and analysed with regression analyses for risk factors for potentially aggressive pathological features (malignant pathology, high Fuhrman grade, lymphovascular invasion and extracapsular extension).RESULTS• Malignancy was pathologically confirmed in 628 (81.8%) specimens.• Radiographic size was significantly associated with malignancy (versus benign pathology; OR = 1.13, P= 0.001), high Fuhrman grade (OR = 1.21, P < 0.0001), vascular invasion (OR = 1.19, P < 0.0001) and extracapsular extension (OR = 1.23, P < 0.0001).• Age, symptomatic presentation, solid appearance and radiographic size were independent predictors of potentially aggressive disease, whereas for male gender (OR = 1.43, P= 0.062) a trend toward statistical significance was noted.CONCLUSIONS• Age, male gender, radiographic size and appearance, as well as symptomatic presentation, are associated with an increased risk of malignant, potentially aggressive disease.• These factors should be considered when evaluating management options for a solitary enhancing renal mass.