bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
66.1: Application of UV‐LED to the LCD Backlight
Authors: Muramoto Yoshihiko , Kimura Masahiro , Dempo Akihiko , Nouda Suguru , Fukawa Yuuya 
Published: October 2010

Abstractwhile the solid state lighting has already become a reality using blue LEDs with yellow phosphor (B+Y), progress development and the luminous efficacy of ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV‐ LED) improvements have followed. Soon white emission as the product of nearUV (nUV)‐LEDs exciting red, green and blue (RGB) phosphors will also contribute to the solid state lighting revolution. We present the technologies and the possibility of using nUV+RGB white LEDs for the application to LCD backlighting.
66.3: Emission Characteristics of ZnO‐incorporated CaTiO3:Pr3+ Phosphor and its Application for Solid‐state Lightings
Authors: Kang Seung‐Youl , Chung Sung Mook , Kang Seong‐Gu , Lee Seung‐ Jae , Kim Young Jin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have investigated ZnO‐incorporated CaTiO3:Pr3+, a red phosphor, and its application for the solid‐state lighting. Efficient red emission from the phosphor was obtained by the excitation of wavelength 400 nm. Potentially, ZnO‐incorporated CaTiO3:Pr3+ can be used as a complementary phosphor in the red region for the white LEDs.
66.4: Invited Paper: High‐Quality White OLEDs and Resource Saving Fabrication Processes for Lighting Application
Authors: Komoda Takuya , Tsuji Hiroya , Ito Norihiro , Nishimori Taisuke , Ide Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWhite OLEDs with high efficiency (over 30 lm/W) and high quality emission characteristics (e.g., CRI of over 90, very small variation of chromaticity in different directions and chromaticity just on the black‐body radiation curve) applicable to “Lighting” were realized by a two‐unit structure with a fluorescent deep blue emissive unit and a phosphorescent green and red emissive unit. A new deposition source with a hot‐wall and a rate controllable valve was developed. Thickness uniformity within +/− 3% at high deposition rate of over 8 nm/s, high material utilization of over 70 %, and repeatable deposition rate controllability were confirmed.
67.1: A Monolithic Block‐Wise Functional Light Guide for 2‐D Dimming LCD Backlight
Authors: Käläntär Kälil , Okada Masafumi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo achieve a thin backlight unit for 2‐D dimmable display, a 85.81mm‐diagonal monolithic block‐wise functional light‐guide plate has been developed using louver prisms for extracting light, round prisms for shaping light cone, and recessed graded height U‐grooves as semi‐partitions between consecutive blocks for controlling crosstalk. By using the monolithic light‐guide plate, the crosstalk is suppressed to 20% and 5% at the centers of the first and second neighboring blocks, respectively.
The Welfare Impact of Collusion under Various Industry Characteristics: A Panel Examination of Efficient Cartel Theory
Authors: Taylor Jason E 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In the past three decades, several case studies have documented specific industries and instances whereby collusion was welfare-enhancing rather than harmful as is usually assumed. Specifically, two distinct efficient cartel hypotheses claim that inter-firm coordination can increase economic efficiency in industries with a large degree of avoidable fixed costs and/or variable output. This paper performs the first systematic empirical test of these hypotheses via an examination of cartel performance under the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933, a two-year cartel experiment in the United States. While I find a wide variation in welfare changes during cartelization, there is no compelling evidence that differences in fixed costs are the cause. I do, however, find robust empirical support for the hypothesis that industries with highly variable output experience higher welfare gains (or less negative welfare declines) under collusion.
Protecting Minorities in Large Binary Elections: A Test of Storable Votes Using Field Data
Authors: Casella Alessandra , Ehrenberg Shuky , Gelman Andrew , Shen Jie 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The legitimacy of democratic systems requires the protection of minority preferences while ideally treating every voter equally. During the 2006 student elections at Columbia University, we asked voters to rank the importance of different contests and to choose where to cast a single extra "bonus vote," had one been available  a simple version of Storable Votes. We then constructed distributions of intensities and electoral outcomes and estimated the probable impact of the bonus vote through bootstrapping techniques. The bonus vote performs well: when minority preferences are particularly intense, the minority wins at least one contest with 15-30 percent probability; when the minority wins, aggregate welfare increases with 85-95 percent probability. The paper makes two contributions: it tests the performance of storable votes in a setting where preferences were not controlled, and it suggests the use of bootstrapping techniques when appropriate replications of the data cannot be obtained.
The Chorionic Sculpture of the Eggs of Some Noctuinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from Ukraine
Authors: Dolinskaya I. , Geryak Yu. 
Published: October 2010

The Chorionic Sculpture of the Eggs of Some Noctuinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from UkraineDescriptions and scanning electron microphotographs of the eggs of 10 species from 7 genera of the subfamily Noctuinae occurring in Ukraine are provided. The diagnostic characters of the genera and species are selected.
Characteristics of Sex and Age Composition of Calidris Alpine (Aves, Charadriiformes) Migrating Across Sivash
Authors: Chernichko I. 
Published: October 2010

Characteristics of Sex and Age Composition ofCalidris Alpine(Aves, Charadriiformes) Migrating Across SivashThe paper shows features of distribution based on regular captures and measurements since 1986 on two sites of Sivash (Central and Eastern), which are different in their hydrological regime and composition of forage macrozoobenthos. Shorter-billed males reliably prefer Central Sivash for storage of fat reserves at the expense of feeding on larvae of chironomids and possibly the brine shrimp. For longer-billed females it is more profitable to concentrate on Eastern Sivash, where they prefer to feed on polychaete worms. On basis of size characteristics of the captured birds and their time dynamics, the paper considers suggested terms of passage of different subspecies and populations of the Dunlin across the Azov-Black Sea coast of Ukraine. Also differences in age composition of migratory waders on different sites of Sivash are shown compared to other water bodies of the near Black Sea area.
Morphological Characteristics of Male Genitalia in Some Species of the Genus Eurytoma (Eurytomidae, Hymenoptera)
Authors: Klymenko S. 
Published: October 2010

Morphological Characteristics of Male Genitalia in Some Species of the GenusEurytoma(Eurytomidae, Hymenoptera)Based on the analysis of morphological characteristics of related species of the genusEurytoma, several groups of cryptic species poorly distinguishing by external morphology, but clearly confined to certain hosts are shown to have morphological differences of male genitalia that are highly species-specific and can be useful for identification of cryptic species of the genusEurytoma(E. rosaeNees,E. strigifronsThomson, andE. jaceaeMayr species complexes).
Cyclic AMP-specific PDEs: A promising therapeutic target for CNS repair
Authors: Ghosh Mousumi , Pearse Damien 
Published: October 2010

AbstractResearch to date has indicated that cAMPspecific PDEs, particularly the members of PDE4 family, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CNS injury and neurodegeneration by downregulating intracellular levels of cAMP in various cell types. Reduced cAMP signaling results in immune cell activation, inflammation, secondary tissue damage, scar formation and axon growth failure, ultimately leading to an exacerbation of injury, the prevention of endogenous repair and limited functional recovery. Although inhibition of cAMPspecific-PDE activity through the use of drugs like Rolipram has been shown to reverse these deficiencies and mediate neurorepair, an inability to develop selective agents and/or reduce dose-limiting side-effects associated with PDE4 inhibition has hampered their clinical translation. Recent work with more selective pharmacological inhibitors of cAMP-specific PDEs and molecular targeting approaches, along with improved understanding of the basic biology and role of PDEs in pathological processes may enable this promising therapeutic approach to advance clinically and have a similar impact on CNS injury and disease as PDE5 inhibitors have had on the treatment of sexual dysfunction.
Corpus callosum shape analysis with application to dyslexia
Authors: Casanova Manuel , El-Baz Ayman , Elnakib Ahmed , Giedd Jay , Rumsey Judith , Williams Emily , Switala Andrew 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMorphometric studies of the corpus callosum suggest its involvement in a number of psychiatric conditions. In the present study we introduce a novel pattern recognition technique that offers a point-bypoint shape descriptor of the corpus callosum. The method uses arc lengths of electric field lines in order to avoid discontinuities caused by folding anatomical contours. We tested this technique by comparing the shape of the corpus callosum in a series of dyslexic men (n = 16) and age-matched controls (n = 14). The results indicate a generalized increase in size of the corpus callosum in dyslexia with a concomitant diminution at its rostral and caudal poles. The reported shape analysis and 2D-reconstruction provide information of anatomical importance that would otherwise passed unnoticed when analyzing size information alone.
Recent advances in the neurobiology of attachment behavior
Authors: Šešo-Šimić Đurđica , Sedmak Goran , Hof Patrick , Šimić Goran 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn a biological sense an individual’s life is all about survival and reproduction. Beside the selection of a mate, the mutual commitment of a parent to sustain an infant through a period of dependency is amongst the most important aspects of natural selection. Here we review how the highly conserved circuitry of key midbrain and hypothalamic structures, and limbic and frontal cortical regions support these processes, and at the same time are involved in shaping the offspring’s emotional development and behavior. Many recent studies provided new findings on how attachment behavior and parental bonding is promoted and maintained through genetic and epigenetic influences on synaptic plasticity of mirror neurons and various neuropeptide systems, particularly oxytocinergic, and how these systems serve to link social cues to the brain reward system. Most of this evidence suggests that stress, early parental deprivation and lack of care during the postnatal period leads to profound and lasting changes in the attachment pattern and motivational development with consequent increased vulnerability of the mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine-associated reward reinforcement pathways to psychosocial stressors, abuse of stimulants and psychopathology later in life.
Altered calcium currents and axonal growth in Nf1 haploinsufficient mice
Authors: Wang Yuying , Brittain Joel , Wilson Sarah , Hingtgen Cynthia , Khanna Rajesh 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMutations of the neurofibromin gene (NF1) cause neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a disease in which learning disabilities are common. Learning deficits also are observed in mice with a heterozygous mutation of Nf1 (Nf1 +/−). Dysregulation of regulated neurotransmitter release has been observed in Nf1 +/− mice. However, the role of presynaptic voltage-gated Ca2+ channels mediating this release has not been investigated. We investigated whether Ca2+ currents and transmitter release were affected by reduced neurofibromin in Nf1 +/− mice. Hippocampal Ca2+ current density was greater in neurons from Nf1 +/− mice and a greater fraction of Ca2+ currents was activated at less depolarized potentials. In addition, release of the excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, was increased in neuronal cortical cultures from Nf1 +/− mice. Dendritic complexity and axonal length were also increased in neurons Nf1 +/− mice compared to wild-type neurons, linking loss of neurofibromin to developmental changes in hippocampal axonal/cytoskeletal dynamics. Collectively, these results show that altered Ca2+ channel density and transmitter release, along with increased axonal growth may account for the abnormal nervous system functioning in NF1.
Deep brain stimulation facilitates memory in a model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Arrieta-Cruz Isabel , Pavlides Constantine , Pasinetti Giulio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBased on evidence suggesting that deep brain stimulation (DBS) may promote certain cognitive processes, we have been interested in developing DBS as a means of mitigating memory and learning impairments in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study we used an animal model of AD (TgCRND8 mice) to determine the effects of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) on non-amyloidogenic α-secretase activity and DBS in short-term memory. We tested our hypothesis using hippocampal slices (in vitro studies) from TgCRND8 mice to evaluate whether HFS increases α-secretase activity (non-amyloidogenic pathway) in the CA1 region. In a second set of experiments, we performed in vivo studies to evaluate whether DBS in midline thalamic region re-establishes hippocampal dependent short-term memory in TgCRND8 mice. The results showed that application of HFS to isolated hippocampal slices significantly increased synaptic plasticity in the CA1 region and promoted a 2-fold increase of non-amyloidogenic α-secretase activity, in comparison to low frequency stimulated controls from TgCRND8 mice. In the in vivo studies, DBS treatment facilitated acquisition memory in TgCRND8 mice, in comparison to their own baseline before treatment. These results provide evidence that DBS could enhance short-term memory in a mouse model of AD by increasing synaptic transmission and α-secretase activity in the CA1 region of hippocampus.
Qualitative assessment of corticosteroid cervical articular facet injection in symptomatic horses
Authors: Birmingham S. S. W. , Reed S. M. , Mattoon J. S. , Saville W. J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryCervical stenotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common cause of noninfectious spinal cord ataxia in horses. Intra‐articular injection of corticosteroids into the facet joints of horses with CSM may relieve clinical signs of the disease process. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding the efficacy of facet injection therapy in horses with CSM. This retrospective study describes the return to normal function or improvement in performance of horses after ultrasound‐guided cervical facet injection that had previously shown signs of ataxia, obscure lameness or neck pain, prior to injection.
Conservative management of comminuted central tarsal bone fracture and joint instability in a horse
Authors: Kearney C. , McAllister H. , Jenner F. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryA comminuted fracture of the central tarsal bone, fragmentation of the fourth tarsal bone and associated joint instability was diagnosed in a 14‐year‐old Sport Horse mare who presented for investigation of acute nonweightbearing hindlimb lameness. The mare responded well to conservative management and, unlike previously reported cases of similar injuries, returned to a similar level of athletic activity.
Fibro‐osseous tumour of the fourth metacarpal bone in a horse: Clinical, radiographic and long‐term post operative findings
Authors: Pieber K. , Kuebber‐Heiss A. , Kuebber P. , Kofler J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThis case study describes a rare case of a fibro‐osseous tumour in the distal part of the fourth metacarpal bone of a 13‐year‐old horse. The tumour was surgically removed and wound healing occurred without complications. A specific diagnosis was reached by considering the clinical and histological features of the mass. However, the process was complicated by the different classification systems for this type of tumour. When classified according to the veterinary literature, ossifying fibroma is the appropriate diagnosis, whereas in human medicine this term has been replaced.
Interphalangeal Joint Lengthening Arthrodesis for the Treatment of the Flail Toe
Authors: Myerson Mark S. , Filippi Jorge 
Published: October 2010

Background: Flail toe is a bothersome complication following PIP resection arthroplasty, usually as a result of excessive bone resection. Patients complain of toe instability and catching on socks or shoes. We describe a PIP joint lengthening arthrodesis using structural bone graft for treatment of this condition. Materials and Methods: The results of 13 toe lengthening arthrodesis procedures in 13 patients were reviewed. Twelve patients were available for final followup, ranging from 6 to 70 (average, 31) months. Results: Relief of instability symptoms occurred in all of the patients. The union rate was 75% (9/12 toes). Infection occurred in four patients, all treated successfully with oral antibiotics and pin removal when necessary. Two patients presented with ischemic complications in the tip of the toe which resolved spontaneously with good final results. Eleven of 12 patients were satisfied with the procedure and stated that they would do the surgery again. Conclusion: We believe toe lengthening arthrodesis is a good salvage operation for a flail toe following PIP resection arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Arthroscopic-Controlled Navigation for Retrograde Drilling of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Gras Florian , Marintschev Ivan , Müller Matthias , Klos Kajetan , Lindner Robert , Mückley Thomas , Hofmann Gunther O. 
Published: October 2010

Background: Retrograde drilling of symptomatic osteochondral lesions (OCL) is usually controlled by fluoroscopy. Due to the limited visualization of the OCLs in the acquired images and the narrow access to the talar dome, this approach can be demanding. Several navigation procedures have been reported (2D- or 3D- fluoroscopy or intraoperative CT-based) to increase the accuracy and reduce the radiation exposure. We developed a new arthroscopic-controlled navigation procedure which is free of radiation exposure and free of a reference base rigidly fixed to the bone. 17 We hypothesized that this procedure (Fluoro-Free) is at least as precise as the standard 2D-Fluoro navigation (2D-Fluoro). Furthermore, our first clinical experiences are described and discussed. Material and Methods: Sixteen drillings per group (standard 2D-Fluoro vs. Fluoro-Free) were performed in artificial sawbones. Times for the different steps of each drilling procedure were recorded and the precision evaluated by measuring the deviation and depth of drilling. Results: The accuracy of the Fluoro-Free navigation was as precise as the standard 2D-Fluoro based navigation (axis deviation of drill tip to the target point: 1.07 ± 0.11 versus 1.14 ± 0.15 mm). Due to the simplified workflow without radiation exposure and fixation of a reference base, the Fluoro-Free procedure was significantly faster (mean procedure time per drilling: 23.7 ± 11.6 versus 165 ± 9 seconds) and easy to use. Its clinical usefulness was demonstrated during three retrograde drillings of a talar OCL in a 16-year-old patient. Conclusion: The Fluoro-Free navigation procedure is a simplified approach for retrograde drilling of OCL in the talus under arthroscopic control without radiation exposure and without the need for fixation of a dynamic reference base to the bone. Level of Evidence: V, Expert Opinion
Postoperative Convergence After Recovery From General Anesthesia in Exotropia Surgery
Authors: Ha Sukgyu , Kim Seung-Hyun 
Published: October 2010

Purpose:
To compare eye position at the end of surgery under general anesthesia with strabismic angles on postoperative day 1 in exotropia surgery.

Methods:
Seventy-eight patients between 3 and 58 years of age who had undergone surgery were divided into two groups (group A = 46 patients with bilateral rectus recession, group B = 32 patients with surgery that included medial rectus resection). Strabismic angles were measured at the end of surgery under general anesthesia using the Hirschberg test and the alternate prism cover test was performed on postoperative day 1.

Results:

Mean strabismic angle was 3.15 prism diopters (PD) under general anesthesia and −6.78 PD on postoperative day 1 in group A and −0.31 and −0.37 PD, respectively, in group B. Mean postoperative convergence was 9.93 PD in group A and 0.06 PD in group B, and the differences were statistically significant (
P
< .001).

Conclusion:
All patients receiving lateral rectus recession showed approximately 10 PD of convergence. Those who received surgery that included medial rectus resection showed much less convergence and a tendency to be the same as at the end of surgery on postoperative day 1.
Lack of Ocular Side Effects After 2 Years of Topical Steroids for Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Ozkaya Emin , Ozsutcu Mustafa , Mete Fatih 
Published: October 2010

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate ocular side effects in children with allergic rhinitis taking chronic intermittent nasal corticosteroids.

Methods:
The study group included 150 children who had used intermittent intranasal budesonide for more than 2 years for allergic rhinitis. Ninety patients who were newly diagnosed as having allergic rhinitis without any treatment comprised the control group. Central corneal thickness, Schirmer test results, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, cataract formation, keratometry, and tear break-up time were compared in the two groups.

Results:

The ages of the 150 study patients (85 boys) were between 8 and 15 years. The average age (± standard error of the mean [SEM]) was 11.7 ± 0.7 years and the mean (± SEM) steroid dosage used was 93.3 ± 7.0 μg daily with 42.2 ± 3.2 g total steroid use during treatment. The ages of the 90 control patients (54 boys) were between 7 and 15 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the study and control groups according to ocular findings (
P
> .05). Eye functions including cataract formation, corneal ectasia, ocular hypertension or glaucoma, and dry eye were not observed in any of the patients in the study group and were not correlated with total steroid dosage (r = 0.125,
P
= .447).

Conclusion:
A 2-year treatment of children with allergic rhinitis prescribed intermittent intranasal budesonide at an average daily dose of approximately 100 μg is not associated with ocular side effects such as cataract, glaucoma, corneal ectasia, and abnormal tear function.
An Evidence-Based Approach to Physician Etiquette in Pediatric Ophthalmology
Authors: Reddy Ashvini K. , Coats David K. , Yen Kimberly G. 
Published: October 2010

Purpose:
Little objective evidence exists to guide physician etiquette in pediatric ophthalmology. This article describes the preferences of families visiting a pediatric ophthalmology clinic for the first time.

Methods:
Review of 149 questionnaires completed by the families of patients visiting a pediatric ophthalmology clinic in a tertiary care center. The Fisher exact and chi-square tests were used to compare subpopulations.

Results:

Most respondents preferred that their physician wear a white coat. Men preferred a handshake to a verbal greeting (
P
= .0264) and professional to business casual attire for both male and female physicians (
P
= .01, both). African-American parents were more likely to prefer being addressed by surname than other races (
P
= .008). No statistically significant differences were found comparing the preferences of parents with an advanced education (bachelor and graduate degrees) to those without.

Conclusion:
Pediatric ophthalmologists may wish to consider wearing white coats and business casual attire in clinic and addressing parents informally as “mom” or “dad” or by their first name, although etiquette should ultimately be determined on an individual patient basis.