bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hope as a Moderator of Negative Life Events and Depressive Symptoms in a Diverse Sample
Authors: Visser Preston L. , Loess Priya , Jeglic Elizabeth L. , Hirsch Jameson K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDepression is a significant public health problem for young adults of college age, and negative life events exacerbate risk. Not all individuals who experience negative life events, however, report depressive symptoms, perhaps owing to protective characteristics. We examined one such characteristic, trait hope, a goal‐oriented construct, as a potential moderator of the association between negative life events and depressive symptoms in an ethnically diverse sample of 386 college students. In support of our hypotheses, negative life events were significantly associated with greater levels of depressive symptoms, and higher levels of hope attenuated this relationship, such that those with greater hope reported fewer depressive symptoms related to potentially traumatic events. The moderating effect of hope did not differ across ethnic groups. Our findings have implications for managing the sequelae of negative life events, including depression. Cognitive–behavioural interventions tailored to help young adults identify and attain important life goals might help to overcome psychopathology associated with life stress. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving TLB performance on current chip multiprocessor architectures through demand‐driven superpaging
Authors: Qasem Apan , Magee Josh 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYTranslation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs) can play a critical role in improving the performance of emerging parallel workloads. Most current chip multiprocessor systems include multilevel TLBs and provide support for superpages both at the hardware and software level. Judicious use of superpages can significantly cut down the number of TLB misses and improve overall system performance. However, indiscriminate superpage allocation results in page fragmentation and increased application footprint, which often outweigh the benefits of reduced TLB misses. Previous research has explored policies for smart allocation of superpages from an operating system perspective. This paper presents a compiler‐based strategy for automatic and profitable memory allocation via superpages. A significant advantage of a compiler‐based approach is the availability of data‐reuse information within an application. Our strategy employs data‐locality analysis to estimate the TLB demands for both single‐threaded and multi‐threaded programs and uses this metric to apply selective superpage allocation. Apart from its obvious utility in improving TLB performance, this strategy can be used to improve the effectiveness of certain data‐layout transformations and can be a useful tool in benchmarking and automatic performance tuning. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy with experiments on three multicore platforms on a workload that contains both sequential and parallel applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells Fail to Activate CHK1 and Commit to Apoptosis in Response to DNA Replication Stress
Authors: Desmarais Joëlle A. , Hoffmann Michele J. , Bingham Gregg , Gagou Mary E. , Meuth Mark , Andrews Peter W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPluripotent cells of the early embryo, to which embryonic stem cells (ESCs) correspond, give rise to all the somatic cells of the developing fetus. Any defects that occur in their genome or epigenome would have devastating consequences. Genetic and epigenetic change in human ESCs appear to be an inevitable consequence of long-term culture, driven by selection of variant cells that have a higher propensity for self-renewal rather than either differentiation or death. Mechanisms underlying the potentially separate events of mutation and subsequent selection of variants are poorly understood. Here, we show that human ESCs and their malignant counterpart, embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, both fail to activate critical S-phase checkpoints when exposed to DNA replication inhibitors and commit to apoptosis instead. Human ESCs and EC cells also fail to form replication protein A, γH2AX, or RAD51 foci or load topoisomerase (DNA) II binding protein 1 onto chromatin in response to replication inhibitors. Furthermore, direct measurements of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) show that these cells fail to generate the ssDNA regions in response to replication stress that are necessary for the activation of checkpoints and the initiation of homologous recombination repair to protect replication fork integrity and restart DNA replication. Taken together, our data suggest that pluripotent cells control genome integrity by the elimination of damaged cells through apoptosis rather than DNA repair, and therefore, mutations or epigenetic modifications resulting in an imbalance in cell death control could lead to genetic instability.
Traumatic Interhemispheric and Tentorial Subdural Haematoma
Authors: Bhatoe HS 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInterhemispheric subdural hematoma is a rare form of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. Presentation is usually in the form headache, vomiting and irritability. Large hematomas may present with classical “falx syndrome”. While CT is diagnostic, management is essentially conservative. Eight such cases, five adults and three children are reported.
Delayed intraventricular hemorrhage with hydrocephalus following evacuation of post traumatic acute subdural hematoma
Authors: Kumar Raj , Kalra Samir Kumar , Das Rupant Kumar , Vaid Vivek Kumar , Mahapatra Ashok Kumar 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has been increasing recently due to increased detection. The occurrence following evacuation of an acute subdural hematoma (SDH) is extremely rare. The exact mechanism of traumatic IVH in these cases has not been well documented; the erosion of the ventricular wall by adjacent hematoma has been described as the most plausible cause. The rupture of unsuspected vascular malformation following head injury has also been suggested.A case with a delayed IVH following evacuation of acute SDH is reported and the underlying pathophysiology is discussed. This entity needs to recognized and kept in mind as a potential cause of post surgical deterioration in such patients.
Geriatric head injuries - Experience and expectations
Authors: Sinha VD , Gupta Vishnu , Singh Deepak Kumar , Chopra Sanjeev , Gupta Pankaj , Bagaria H 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIt is widely known that global citizenry is continuing to age. The elderly head trauma patients, comprising 4.83% in our series are important from neurosurgical aspects. We conducted a study of elderly head injury patients admitted to our unit in last 11 years. Out of 620 patients, 423 males and 197 female, constituting a ratio of 2.1∶1. Fall constitutes the principle mode of injury (56.29%) followed by RTA (44.1%). We analyzed all the cases for surgical intervention after careful assessment of neurological condition. Amongst all cases operated for acute trauma, good recovery was seen in 51.8% and mortality in 41.7%, whereas in chronic subdural haematoma 84.2% cases showed good recovery as against mortality in 10.5%. In our society, due to very close family ties and desperation of family members to try active intervention even in patients with expected bleak outcome, we operated a fairly large number of cases and concluded that outcome was better after operative intervention.
Bilateral vertex extradural hematomas: A case report
Authors: Datta SGS 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBilateral vertex extra dural hematomas (EDH) are a rare form of extra dural hematomas with many unique features. We report one such case of bilateral vertex extra dural hematoma. A young house wife had a fall in the bathroom and sustained head injury. She showed clinical features of progressive raised intra cranial pressure. Neuroimaging revealed bilateral vertex EDH. The larger left sided hematoma was evacuated surgically while the smaller right sided hematoma was managed non operatively, with excellent outcome. This case report presents this rare case and briefly reviews the literature. Vertex EDH has a special uniqueness as to their etiopathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis & management principles.
The metabolism of flubendazole and the activities of selected biotransformation enzymes in Haemonchus contortus strains susceptible and resistant to anthelmintics
Authors: VOKŘÁL IVAN , BÁRTÍKOVÁ HANA , PRCHAL LUKÁŠ , STUCHLÍKOVÁ LUCIE , SKÁLOVÁ LENKA , SZOTÁKOVÁ BARBORA , LAMKA JIŘÍ , VÁRADY MARIÁN , KUBÍČEK VLADIMÍR 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYHaemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic parasites of small ruminants (e.g. sheep and goat). The treatment of haemonchosis is complicated because of recurrent resistance of H. contortus to common anthelmintics. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolism of the anthelmintic drug flubendazole (FLU) and the activities of selected biotransformation enzymes towards model xenobiotics in 4 different strains of H. contortus: the ISE strain (susceptible to common anthelmintics), ISE-S (resistant to ivermectin), the BR strain (resistant to benzimidazole anthelmintics) and the WR strain (resistant to all common anthelmintics). H. contortus adults were collected from the abomasums from experimentally infected lambs. The in vitro as well as ex vivo experiments were performed and analysed using HPLC with spectrofluorimetric and mass-spectrometric detection. In all H. contortus strains, 4 different FLU metabolites were detected: FLU with a reduced carbonyl group (FLU-R), glucose conjugate of FLU-R and 2 glucose conjugates of FLU. In the resistant strains, the ex vivo formation of all FLU metabolites was significantly higher than in the susceptible ISE strain. The multi-resistant WR strain formed approximately 5 times more conjugates of FLU than the susceptible ISE strain. The in vitro data also showed significant differences in FLU metabolism, in the activities of UDP-glucosyltransferase and several carbonyl-reducing enzymes between the susceptible and resistant H. contortus strains. The altered activities of certain detoxifying enzymes might protect the parasites against the toxic effect of the drugs as well as contribute to drug-resistance in these parasites.
Personal Remarks on Antonio Cassese and His Vision of International Law and International Criminal Justice along the Road He Walked
Authors: ZAPPALA SALVATORE 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article is a journey through the life of Antonio Cassese, a giant of international law, no doubt one of the most prominent international lawyers of the twentieth century, and the ‘architect of international criminal justice’. From his first steps in the academic community in Pisa in the early 1960s to his well-known contributions as first president of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, he became a prolific author and editor of seminal books and commentaries on international law and international criminal law, as well as founder of groundbreaking law journals.
Effect of medium composition on the in vitro culture of bovine pre-antral follicles: morphology and viability do not guarantee functionality
Authors: Rossetto Rafael , Saraiva Márcia Viviane Alves , dos Santos Regiane Rodrigues , da Silva Cleidson Manoel Gomes , Faustino Luciana Rocha , Chaves Roberta Nogueira , Brito Ivina Rocha , Rodrigues Giovanna Quintino , Lima Isadora Machado Teixeira , Donato Mariana Aragão Matos , Peixoto Christina Alves , de Figueiredo José Ricardo 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of three different culture media (α minimum essential medium (α-MEM), McCoy or TCM199 during the in vitro culture (IVC) of bovine isolated pre-antral follicles. Pre-antral follicles greater than 150 μm in size were isolated and cultured for 0 (control), 8 or 16 days in one of the abovementioned culture media. Follicles were evaluated for survival, growth and antrum formation at days 8 and 16. The results showed that TCM199 was the most suitable medium to preserve follicular viability and ultrastructure, resulting in the highest rates of antrum formation. In conclusion, TCM199 promotes the in vitro development of isolated pre-antral follicles without hampering follicular functionality by sustaining in vitro growth and antrum formation.
Mucosal vaccines to prevent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: a new perspective
Authors: Renukaradhya Gourapura J. , Dwivedi Varun , Manickam Cordelia , Binjawadagi Basavaraj , Benfield David 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically important infectious disease of swine. Constant emergence of variant strains of PRRS virus (PPRSV) and virus-mediated immune evasion followed by viral persistence result in increased incidence and recurrence of PRRS in swine herds. Current live and killed PRRSV vaccines administered by a parenteral route are ineffective in inducing complete protection. Thus, new approaches in design and delivery of PRRSV vaccines are needed to reduce the disease burden of the swine industry. Induction of an effective mucosal immunity to several respiratory pathogens by direct delivery of a vaccine to mucosal sites has proven to be effective in a mouse model. However, there are challenges in eliciting mucosal immunity to PRRS due to our limited understanding of safe and potent mucosal adjuvants, which could potentiate the mucosal immune response to PRRSV. The purpose of this review is to discuss methods for induction of protective mucosal immune responses in the respiratory tract of pigs. The manuscript also discusses how PRRSV modulates innate, adaptive and immunoregulatory responses at both mucosal and systemic sites of infected and/or vaccinated pigs. This information may help in the design of innovative mucosal vaccines to elicit superior cross-protective immunity against divergent field strains of PRRSV.
Recent Studies on the Japanese Economy and Business in South Korea
Authors: HWANG INSANG 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study summarizes and discusses the trends and main features of South Korean studies on Japan's economy and business since the 1960s. I consulted 271 publications (articles and books) for this study. Academic and individual publications comprise 69.7% (189 publications) of the total; public and corporate research institutes 30.3% (82 publications). Therefore, academic and individual researches constitute a majority of the publications. The most pressing issues for South Korea are those of business administration, such as Japanese corporate governance, Zaibatsu, and Japanese firms, which have been mainly studied by academic and individual researchers. The second most important issues are those of international economics such as FTA, FDI, and the trade deficit between South Korea and Japan, mainly researched by government research institutes and individual researchers. Although more interest seems to have shown in the Japanese economy and business since the 1990s, the number of Ph.D. holders who studied economics and business in Japan has been keeping very small portions compared with other majors. In order to attract more students from Korea, the Japanese graduate system for economics and business studies needs to be more globalized and competitive.
Community rating in the absence of risk equalisation: lessons from the Irish private health insurance market
Authors: Turner Brian , Shinnick Edward 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIreland's private health insurance market operates on the basis of community rating, alongside open enrolment and lifetime cover. A risk equalisation scheme was introduced in 2003 to bolster community rating. However, in July 2008 the Irish Supreme Court set aside this scheme, on the basis of the interpretation of community rating in Irish legislation. This decision has significant implications for the Irish private health insurance market. This paper reviews the development of the market, focusing in particular on community rating. The breakdown of community rating in a market with multiple insurers with differing risk profiles is discussed. Applying this to the Irish market, it can be seen that the Irish Supreme Court judgment has significant implications for the application of community rating. Specifically, while community rating operates within plans, it no longer operates across the market, leading to high-risk lives paying more, on average, than low-risk lives. It has also led to greater opportunities for insurers to engage in market segmentation. This may have relevance for the design and operation of other community rated markets.
MM-wave performance and avalanche noise estimation of hexagonal SiC and GaN IMPATTs for D-band applications
Authors: Tripathy Pravash R. , Mukherjee Moumita , Pati Shankar P. 
Published: May 2012

The mm-wave as well as avalanche noise properties of IMPATT diode at D-band are efficiently estimated, with different poly-types of silicon carbide (SiC) and GaN as base materials, using advanced computer simulation techniques developed by the authors. The breakdown voltage of 4H-SiC (180 V) is more than the same for 6H-SiC, ZB- and Wz-GaN-based diode of 170,158, and 160 V, respectively. Similarly, the efficiency (14.7%) is also high in the case of 4H-SiC as compared with 6H-SiC and GaN-based diode. The study indicates that 4H-SiC IMPATT diode is capable of generating high RF power of about 8.38 W as compared with GaN IMPATT diode due to high breakdown voltage and negative resistance for the same frequency of operation. It is also observed that Wz-GaN exhibits better noise behavior 7.4 × 10−16 V2 s than SiC (5.16 × 10−15 V2 s) for IMPATT operation at 140 GHz. A comparison between the power output and noise from both the device reveals that Wz-GaN would be a suitable base material for high-power application of IMPATT diode with moderate noise.
Growth Hormone Deficiency in 2 Siblings Associated with Combined GH1 Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: Yamamoto M. , Iguchi G. , Fukuoka H. , Miyako K. , Takahashi Y. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study was performed to clarify the pathophysiology of familial short stature with moderate GH deficiency.The siblings showed moderate GH deficiency with short stature. Pedigree analysis revealed an accumulation of the history of short stature in father’s relatives, although there was no consanguinity.We performed sequencing analysis of GH1 and GHSR gene in the siblings.We detected SNPs in the GH1 gene in the combination of the  − 278G,  − 57T, +1169T, and +2103C in one allele from the father and the  − 278T,  − 57G, +1169 A, and +2103T in the other allele from the mother in the siblings. In the previous report, the −278G and  − 57T allele are associated with low serum IGF-I levels in patients with isolated GH deficiency and the haplotype of the  − 278T,  − 57G, +1169 A, and +2103T allele exhibited an impaired GH secretion in vitro.It is suggested that these haplotypes were responsible at least in part for the GH deficiency and short stature in these siblings.
Formation of a long-lived electron-transfer state in mesoporous silica-alumina composites enhances photocatalytic oxygenation reactivity
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Doi Kaoru , Itoh Akinori , Suenobu Tomoyoshi , Ohkubo Kei , Yamada Yusuke , Karlin Kenneth D. 
Published: April 2012

A simple donor-acceptor linked dyad, 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr
+
-Mes) was incorporated into nanosized mesoporous silica-alumina to form a composite, which in acetonitrile is highly dispersed. In this medium, upon visible light irradiation, the formation of an extremely long-lived electron-transfer state (Acr
•
-Mes
•+
) was confirmed by EPR and laser flash photolysis spectroscopic methods. The composite of Acr
+
-Mes-incorporated mesoporous silica-alumina with an added copper complex [(tmpa)Cu
II
]

(tmpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) acts as an efficient and robust photocatalyst for the selective oxygenation of
p
-xylene by molecular oxygen to produce
p
-tolualdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Thus, incorporation of Acr
+
-Mes into nanosized mesoporous silica-alumina combined with an O
2
-reduction catalyst ([(tmpa)Cu
II
]
2+
) provides a promising method in the development of efficient and robust organic photocatalysts for substrate oxygenation by dioxygen, the ultimate environmentally benign oxidant.
Lake Trout Status in the Main Basin of Lake Huron, 1973–2010
Authors: He Ji X. , Ebener Mark P. , Riley Stephen C. , Cottrill Adam , Kowalski Adam , Koproski Scott , Mohr Lloyd , Johnson James E. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
We developed indices of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush status in the main basin of Lake Huron (1973–2010) to understand increases in the relative abundance of wild year-classes during 1995–2010. Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus wounds per 100 lake trout declined from 23.63 in 2000 to 5.86–10.64 in 2002–2010. The average age-7 lake trout catch per effort per recruitment (CPE/R; fish·305 m of gill net−1·million stocked yearlings−1) increased from 0.56 for the 1973–1990 year-classes to 0.92 for the 1991–2001 year-classes. Total CPE (fish/305 m of gill net) declined from 16.4 fish in 1996 to 4.1 fish in 2010, but the percentage of age-5 and younger lake trout steadily decreased from more than 70% before 1996 to less than 10% by 2009. The modal age in gill-net catches increased from age 5 before 1996 to age 7 by 2005. The average adult CPE increased from 2.8 fish/305 m of gill net during 1978–1995 to 5.34 fish/305 m of gill net during 1996–2010. The 1995–2010 year-classes of wild fish were more abundant than previous year-classes and were associated with the relatively high adult abundance during 1996–2010. Until the 2002 year-class, there was no decline in age-7 CPE/R; until 2008, there was no decline in adult CPE. Low survival of the 2002 and 2003 year-classes of stocked fish was related to the event of alewife Alosa pseudoharengus population collapse in 2003–2004. Lake trout in the main basin of Lake Huron are undergoing a transition from a hatchery stock to a wild stock, accompanied by an increased uncertainty in delayed recruitment. Future management should pay more attention to the protection of wild recruitment and the abundance of the spawning stock.
Received April 20, 2011; accepted December 30, 2011
Statistical analysis of glycosylation profiles to compare tissue type and inflammatory disease state
Authors: Hayes Catherine A. , Nemes Szilard , Karlsson Niclas G. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins and explains some aspects of the diversification of higher organisms not explained by template-driven synthesis. For glycomics to mature as much as genomics and proteomics, the necessary tools need to be developed and tested. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is one of the gold standards for oligosaccharide analysis and leads to large amounts of data, not easily interpreted manually. We present a study on the testing and validation of statistical analysis tools to aid the structural elucidation of these analyses as well as using the results to answer biologically relevant questions.
Results: We show the usefulness of data reduction and statistical analysis in the interpretation of complex glycosylation data. The reduction does not result in the loss of importance of the glycosylation information as shown by comparison of control and disease samples in two tissue types.
Contact: catherine.hayes@medkem.gu.se
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.