bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modafinil and Zolpidem Use by Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: McBeth Brian D. , McNamara Robert M. , Ankel Felix K. , Mason Emily J. , Ling Louis J. , Flottemesch Thomas J. , Asplin Brent R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives:  The objective was to assess the prevalence and patterns of modafinil and zolpidem use among emergency medicine (EM) residents and describe side effects resulting from use.Methods:  A voluntary, anonymous survey was distributed in February 2006 to EM residents nationally in the context of the national American Board of Emergency Medicine in‐training examination. Data regarding frequency and timing of modafinil and zolpidem use were collected, as well as demographic information, reasons for use, side effects, and perceived dependence.Results:  A total of 133 of 134 residency programs distributed the surveys (99%). The response rate was 56% of the total number of EM residents who took the in‐training examination (2,397/4,281). Past modafinil use was reported by 2.4% (57/2,372) of EM residents, with 66.7% (38/57) of those using modafinil having initiated their use during residency. Past zolpidem use was reported by 21.8% (516/2,367) of EM residents, with 15.3% (362/2,367) reporting use in the past year and 9.3% (221/2,367) in the past month. A total of 324 of 516 (62.8%) of zolpidem users initiated use during residency. Side effects were commonly reported by modafinil users (31.0%)—most frequent were palpitations, insomnia, agitation, and restlessness. Zolpidem users reported side effects (22.6%) including drowsiness, dizziness, headache, hallucinations, depression/mood lability, and amnesia.Conclusions:  Zolpidem use is common among EM residents, with most users initiating use during residency. Modafinil use is relatively uncommon, although most residents using have also initiated use during residency. Side effects are commonly reported for both of these agents, and long‐term safety remains unclear.
Off‐service Resident Education in the Emergency Department: Outline of a National Standardized Curriculum
Authors: Kessler Chad S. , Marcolini Evie G. , Schmitz Gillian , Gerardo Charles J. , Burns Glenn , DelliGatti Brian , Marco Catherine A. , Manthey David E. , Gutman Deborah , Jobe Kathleen , Younggren Bradley N. , Stettner Ted , Sokolove Peter E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlthough many residency programs mandate at least one rotation in emergency medicine (EM), to the best of our knowledge, a standardized curriculum for emergency department (ED) rotations for “off‐service” residents has not been developed. As a result, the experiences of these residents in the ED tend to vary during their rotations. To design an off‐service EM curriculum, we adopted Kern’s six‐step approach to curriculum development as a conceptual framework. The resulting program encompasses clinical experience and didactic sessions through which residents are trained in core topics and skills. This knowledge will be applicable in the clinical settings in which residents will continue to train and ultimately practice their specialty. It is flexible enough to be applicable and implementable without being limited by resource availability or faculty strengths.
Treatment of class III multiple gingival recessions: a randomized‐clinical trial
Authors: Aroca Sofia , Keglevich Tibor , Nikolidakis Dimitris , Gera Istvan , Nagy Katalin , Azzi Robert , Etienne Daniel 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground: The aim of this controlled randomized split‐mouth study was to evaluate whether a modified tunnel/connective tissue graft (CTG) technique – enamel matrix derivative (EMD) combination will improve the treatment of multiple class III recession when compared with the same technique alone.Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy subjects with a mean age of 31.7 years, were enrolled for the trial in a university periodontal clinic. Patients with at least three adjacent gingival recessions on both sides of the mouth were treated with a modified tunnel/CTG technique. On the test side, an EMD was used in addition. Clinical parameters were measured at baseline, 28 days, 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery. Results are presented at the subject level.Results: The mean root coverage from baseline to 1 year post‐surgery was 82% for the test group and 83% for the control group. Complete root coverage was achieved at 1 year in eight (38%) of the 20 surgeries (experimental and control group).Conclusions: One‐year results indicate that the modified tunnel/CTG technique is predictable for the treatment of multiple class III recession‐type defects. The addition of EMD does not enhance the mean clinical outcomes.
Effects of metals on skin permeability barrier recovery
Authors: Denda Mitsuhiro , Kumazawa Noriyuki 
Published: December 2009

Please cite this paper as: Effects of metals on skin permeability barrier recovery. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e124–e127.Abstract:  We previously demonstrated that the electrical state of the skin surface influences epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. At the interface between different materials, electrons are localized heterogeneously and induce electrical potential. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of metals on the barrier recovery. When we put pure gold plate on skin immediately after tape stripping, the barrier recovery rate was faster than the control. The acceleration of barrier recovery was blocked when the plate was earthed (grounded). When a plastic membrane was sandwiched between the plate and the skin, the recovery was delayed in comparison with the control. We then used a germanium diode to regulate the current flow between the plate and the earth. When the current was blocked, the barrier recovery was accelerated, but when the current was not blocked, the recovery was not accelerated. These results suggest that localization of electron might affect for the barrier recovery rate. The level of interfacial electric potential would be different due to the electrochemical property of metal. Thus, we next evaluated the effects of other metals. With samarium, zirconium, iridium and silver, the barrier recovery rate was faster than in the case of gold, while a platinum plate induced slower recovery than in the case of gold. There was a significant correlation between work function of each metal and barrier recovery rate. These results suggest that electron donation from outside accelerated the skin barrier recovery.
The Effects of Experimentally-Induced Sad and Happy Mood on Sexual Arousal in Sexually Healthy Women
Authors: Ter Kuile Moniek M. , Both Stephanie , Van Uden Janneke 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn depressed women, common sexual difficulties include decreased sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasmic difficulties, reduced sexual satisfaction, and reduced sexual pleasure. Experimental research on the influence of depressed mood on genital and subjective sexual arousal in women is scarce.AimTo investigate the effects of sad mood on genital and subjective sexual arousal in sexually healthy women, using a mood induction procedure.MethodThirty-two subjects received a sad mood and a happy mood induction, on two different days, using a within subjects design. The mood induction procedure was a combination of the Velten procedure and music. In the Velten procedure, the subject is asked to read sad or happy self-referent sentences and to experience the mood suggested by these sentences. Immediately following mood induction, the subjects were exposed to an erotic film clip.Main Outcome MeasureGenital arousal was assessed using vaginal photoplethysmography. Self-report ratings of sad and happy mood, subjective sexual arousal and affective reactions were collected before and after the erotic clip.ResultsThe sad and happy mood ratings indicated that the mood inductions affected mood as intended. No difference in genital sexual arousal was found between the sad and happy mood conditions. Subjects reported significantly less subjective sexual arousal and positive affect and marginally significant fewer genital sensations and more negative affect in the sad mood condition than in the happy mood condition.ConclusionsThe results provide empirical support for the idea that mood can impact on subjective sexual arousal in women.
Original Research—Surgery: Sexual Function after Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure for Cervical Dysplasia
Authors: Inna Namfon , Phianmongkhol Yupin , Charoenkwan Kittipat 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is an effective tool for management of cervical dysplasia. However, removal of a part of the cervix might have a negative impact on sexual function.

Aim
To examine the effect of LEEP on overall sexual satisfaction and other specific aspects of sexual function in women with cervical dysplasia.

Methods
Eighty-nine premenopausal women with cervical dysplasia who had undergone LEEP at least 3 months previously were interviewed once on post-LEEP follow-up visits with a questionnaire on pre- and post-procedural sexual function. Data on frequency of sexual intercourse, the presence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and postcoital bleeding were compared using the McNemar test. Data on specific aspects of sexual function rated by the 6-point Likert scale were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome is the overall sexual intercourse satisfaction.

Results
The mean age was 41.7 years. The median interval from LEEP to the time of interview was 29.3 weeks. The time of resumption of sexual intercourse after LEEP was 8.1 weeks on the average. The changes in the frequency of sexual intercourse, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia after LEEP were not statistically significant. The changes in overall satisfaction, vaginal elasticity, and orgasmic satisfaction appeared statistically significant (P &lt;0.05).

Conclusion
Having LEEP done along with other “non-surgical” parts of cervical pre-cancer management is associated with small but statistically significant decreases in overall sexual satisfaction, vaginal elasticity, and orgasmic satisfaction when interviewed near to the procedure at 29.3 weeks post-operation. However, the changes on other aspects of sexual function are insignificant. The LEEP procedure itself appears to have a minimal, if any, clinically important adverse effect on sexual function.
Sexual Dysfunction in an Internet Sample of U.S. Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Hirshfield Sabina , Chiasson Mary Ann , Wagmiller Robert L. , Remien Robert H. , Humberstone Mike , Scheinmann Roberta , Grov Christian 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionRelatively little is known about sexual dysfunction (SD) in men who have sex with men (MSM).AimIn order to better understand SD symptoms in MSM, we assessed self-reported SD symptoms, individually and by latent class analysis (LCA).MethodsIn 2004–2005 an Internet sample of U.S. MSM was recruited from gay-oriented sexual networking, chat and news websites. The analytic sample comprised 7,001 men aged 18 or older who reported lifetime male sex partners and oral or anal sex with a male partner in their most recent encounter within the past year.Main Outcome MeasuresSeven questions on SD symptoms that occurred during the past 12 months inquired about low sexual desire, erection problems, inability to achieve an orgasm, performance anxiety, premature ejaculation, pain during sex, and sex not being pleasurable.ResultsSelf-reported symptoms of SD were high. Overall, 79% of men reported one or more SD symptoms in the past year, with low sexual desire, erection problems, and performance anxiety being the most prevalent. Four distinct underlying patterns of sexual functioning were identified by LCA: no/low SD, erection problems/performance anxiety, low desire/pleasure, and high SD/sexual pain. High SD/sexual pain was distinguished from the other patterns by club drug use and use of prescription and non-prescription erectile dysfunction medication before sex in the past year. Additionally, men associated with the high SD/sexual pain group were younger, single, more likely to have poor mental and physical health, and more likely to have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection in the past year compared to men in the no/low SD group.ConclusionsLCA enabled us to identify underlying patterns of sexual functioning among this sample of MSM recruited online. Future research should investigate these distinct subgroups with SD symptoms in order to develop tailored treatments and counseling for SD.
The discovery of a 21-kG magnetic field in the Ap star BD+0°4535
Authors: Elkin V. G. , Kurtz D. W. , Nitschelm C. , Unda-Sanzana E. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
With high-resolution spectral observations using a 2.2-m telescope, we found that the Ap star BD+0°4535 has a very strong magnetic field. From Zeeman components of rare earth element spectral lines, we detected an average magnetic field modulus of about 21 kG, although for lines of different chemical elements the estimated magnetic field ranges between 15 and 23 kG. This is a consequence of non-uniform surface distribution of these elements. Considering its possible variation with rotation period, the upper limit of magnetic field is potentially larger than what we have detected. For rare earth elements, large overabundances and ionization disequilibria were found.
Marfan syndrome
Authors: Gonzales Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPurpose: To provide an overview of Marfan syndrome (MFS), including diagnostic criteria, genetic factors involved, emerging theories for treatment, a case study, and an overview of genetic counseling for individuals and families of those with MFS.Data Sources: Selected research, review, and clinical articles.Conclusions: MFS is a connective tissue disorder with distinct physical characteristics. Recent advances in the field of genetics have traced this disease process to certain gene mutations. Affecting the optical, skeletal and cardiovascular systems, MFS can cause significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Close surveillance and early treatment are necessary to ensure a normal life span.Implications for Practice: It is important for the advanced practice nurse (APN) to be aware of the complications in those with MFS. Attentive surveillance can decrease mortality and morbidity associated with this syndrome. A multidisciplinary approach, utilizing the expertize of the APN, is necessary for comprehensive care.
Risk factors for endoparasitism in dogs: retrospective case–control study of 6578 veterinary teaching hospital cases
Authors: Gates M. C. , Nolan T. J. 
Published: December 2009

Objectives:The diagnostic utility of routine faecal examinations can be greatly enhanced through an appreciation of risk factors most commonly associated with endoparasitism.Methods:From a sample of 6578 canine patients presenting to a veterinary teaching hospital between 1996 and 2006, this study used univariate and multi‐variable techniques to examine putative signalment, medical history and demographic factors predisposing dogs to intestinal parasites.Results:Age and median household income were the strongest predictors of endoparasitism. The odds of a patient being diagnosed with endoparasites were 0·82 times smaller for every 1 year increase in age (OR=0·82, 95% CI: 0·80 to 0·84) and for every $10,000 increase in median household income, the odds were 0·86 times lower (OR=0·86, 95% CI: 0·83 to 0·89). The variables gender, neuter status, month of diagnosis, admitting clinical service and primary diagnosis were not significant predictors. Animals that were presented for underlying medical conditions were less likely to have parasites and the presence of diarrhoea was associated with 76% lower odds of endoparasitism compared to healthy animals (OR=0·76, 95% CI: 0·64 to 0·90).ClinicalSignificance:Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for parasites in younger patients that live in high population density and low income neighbourhoods.
Achieving success with small, translocated mammal populations
Authors: Van Houtan Kyle S. , Halley John M. , Van Aarde Rudi , Pimm Stuart L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTranslocations are increasingly important tools for endangered species conservation, but their success is often uncertain. We analyzed 125 time series of grazing mammal translocations in South African protected areas. Some 94% of translocations succeeded (66% unambiguously) even though most populations began with <15 individuals and most of the species involved are of conservation concern. Adding new individuals to existing small populations increases per capita growth rates and seems to prevent translocations from failing. Growth of the translocated populations is both greater and less variable than wild mammal populations and appears less affected by the typically important ecological factors (e.g., initial propagule size, precipitation, reserve size, or presence within historical range). One‐third of the populations showed robust signs of density dependence but we detect few examples of Allee effects. Our results, from empirical time series of small populations, offer new insights into achieving success for translocation programs limited to releasing few individuals.
Over‐harvesting driven by consumer demand leads to population decline: big‐leaf mahogany in South America
Authors: Grogan James , Blundell Arthur G. , Landis R. Matthew , Youatt Ani , Gullison Raymond E. , Martinez Martha , Kómetter Roberto , Lentini Marco , Rice Richard E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractConsumer demand for the premier neotropical luxury timber, big‐leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), has driven boom‐and‐bust logging cycles for centuries, depleting local and regional supplies from Mexico to Bolivia. We revise the standard historic range map for mahogany in South America and estimate the extent to which commercial stocks have been depleted using satellite data, expert surveys, and sawmill processing center data from Brazil. We estimate an historic range of 278 million hectares spanning Venezuela to Bolivia, 57% of this in Brazil. Approximately 58 million hectares (21%) of mahogany's historic range had been lost to forest conversion by 2001. Commercial populations had been logged from at least 125 million more hectares, reducing the commercial range to 94 million hectares (34% of historic). Surviving stocks are extremely low‐density populations in remote regions representing a smaller fraction of historic stocks than expected based on estimated current commercial range. Our method could advance international policy debates such as listing proposals for CITES Appendices by clarifying the commercial and conservation status of high‐value timber species similar to mahogany about which little information is available. The fate of remaining mahogany stocks in South America will depend on transforming current forest management practices into sustainable production systems.
A Tale of Two Cities: The Political Economy of Local Investment Climate in Solo and Manado, Indonesia1
Authors: Patunru Arianto A. , McCulloch Neil , Von Luebke Christian 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThere is little doubt that orthodox institutional prescriptions, such as the protection of property rights, low corruption, and effective public services are desirable long‐term objectives for all countries. But it is not clear whether implementing such prescriptions is sufficient, or even necessary, to achieve investment and growth. By taking a deeper look into the political economy of the cities of Solo and Manado in Indonesia, this paper shows that relationship‐based, rather than rule‐based, cooperation between government leaders and local firms can provide an effective mechanism to boost investment and improve local investment climates. In the case of Solo, a ‘heterodox symbiosis’ between public and private actors – involving the mayor and a broad spectrum of multi‐sectoral/scale/ethnic firms – has brought about important regulatory and administrative reforms and contributed to a rise in private investment. On the other hand, Manado's government is characterised by a poorly planned, rent‐seeking bureaucracy. At the same time, exclusive informal relationships between Manado's leaders and a small number of influential businessmen have facilitated a high level of investment and growth. Our study therefore challenges the conventional wisdom that impartial rule‐based economic governance is a precondition for investment, although it suggests that the creation of such institutions may be necessary to sustain growth in the medium term.
bla
CMY-2
-Positive IncA/C Plasmids from
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella enterica
Are a Distinct Component of a Larger Lineage of Plasmids
Authors: Call Douglas R. , Singer Randall S. , Meng Da , Broschat Shira L. , Orfe Lisa H. , Anderson Janet M. , Herndon David R. , Kappmeyer Lowell S. , Daniels Joshua B. , Besser Thomas E. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

Large multidrug resistance plasmids of the A/C incompatibility complex (IncA/C) have been found in a diverse group of Gram-negative commensal and pathogenic bacteria. We present three completed sequences from IncA/C plasmids that originated from
Escherichia coli
(cattle) and
Salmonella enterica
serovar Newport (human) and that carry the cephamycinase gene
bla
CMY-2
. These large plasmids (148 to 166 kbp) share extensive sequence identity and synteny. The most divergent plasmid, peH4H, has lost several conjugation-related genes and has gained a kanamycin resistance region. Two of the plasmids (pAM04528 and peH4H) harbor two copies of
bla
CMY-2
, while the third plasmid (pAR060302) harbors a single copy of the gene. The majority of single-nucleotide polymorphisms comprise nonsynonymous mutations in
floR
. A comparative analysis of these plasmids with five other published IncA/C plasmids showed that the
bla
CMY-2
plasmids from
E. coli
and
S. enterica
are genetically distinct from those originating from
Yersinia pestis
and
Photobacterium damselae
and distal to one originating from
Yersinia ruckeri
. While the overall similarity of these plasmids supports the likelihood of recent movements among
E. coli
and
S. enterica
hosts, their greater divergence from
Y. pestis
or
Y. ruckeri
suggests less recent plasmid transfer among these pathogen groups.
Effects of Ceftobiprole and Oxacillin on
mecA
Expression in Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Clinical Isolates
Authors: Shang Wenchi , Davies Todd A. , Flamm Robert K. , Bush Karen 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

Induction of
mecA
by ceftobiprole and oxacillin in 18 methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
clinical isolates with various SCC
mec
cassettes was examined using reverse transcriptase PCR. The magnitude of
mecA
induction, 3- to 65-fold for ceftobiprole and 2- to 69-fold for oxacillin, did not correlate with ceftobiprole MICs (≤4 μg/ml), although the 11 isolates with at least 13-fold induction by oxacillin all had oxacillin MICs of ≥256 μg/ml. No correlation between magnitude of induction and SCC
mec
type was found.