bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The temporal evolution of electrographic seizure burden in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Lynch Niamh E. , Stevenson Nathan J. , Livingstone Vicki , Murphy Brendan P. , Rennie Janet M. , Boylan Geraldine B. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) accounts for 60% of all neonatal seizures. There is emerging evidence that seizures cause additional injury to the developing brain that has sustained hypoxic ischemic injury. Temporal evolution of clinical seizure burden in HIE has been characterized, with maximum clinical seizure burden (the period of maximum seizure activity) being observed between 12 and 24 h of age. The purpose of our study was to investigate the distribution of electrographic seizure burden (the accumulated duration of seizures over a defined time period), following the initial hypoxic ischemic insult.Methods:  Fifteen full‐term newborns with HIE and seizures, and a minimum of 48 h of continuous video–electroencephalography (EEG), were included in this retrospective study. Medical records of the infants were reviewed and details of clinical seizures and antiepileptic drugs were recorded. The time of maximum seizure burden was defined as the midpoint of an hour‐long window, shifted in time by 1 s across the full EEG recording, which contained the maximum duration of seizures. The degree of temporal evolution of seizure burden within this period was tested. Temporal evolution was further analyzed by segmenting the time series into two periods; the time between the first recorded seizure and the maximum seizure burden (T1), and the time between the maximum seizure burden and the last recorded seizure (T2). Seizure burden, duration, and number of seizures per hour were analyzed within each time period.Key Findings:  EEG was commenced at a median of 14 h of age. Maximum electrographic seizure burden was reached at a median age of 22.7 h. Time from first recorded seizure to maximum seizure burden (T1) was significantly shorter than time from maximum seizure burden to last recorded seizure (T2) (p‐value = 0.01). Median seizure burden during T1 was significantly higher than during T2 (p‐value = 0.007). There is temporal evolution of electrographic seizure burden in full‐term newborns with HIE. There is a short period of high seizure burden (T1) followed by a longer period of lower seizure burden (T2).Significance:  Understanding the temporal evolution of seizure burden in HIE contributes further to our understanding of neonatal seizures, helps identify an optimal therapeutic window for seizure treatment, and provides a benchmark against which to measure the efficacy of new and innovative forms of neuroprotection and antiepileptic medication.
Dielectric Properties of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 Film at Terahertz Measured by Metamaterials
Authors: Qi Peng , Fan Yuancheng , Li Hongqiang , Zhang Qiwei , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: February 2012

A metamaterial device with resonance frequency at THz was reported in this article. The device was composed of split‐ring resonators (SRR), ferroelectric Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BST70) film, and alumina substrates. The SRR of 140 nm thick Au/Ti was fabricated on BST70 film with periodicity of 50 μm, width of 10 μm, and gap of 8 μm. The BST70 thin film was deposited on alumina substrates using a sol–gel technique. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy was used to characterize electromagnetic response of the metamaterial at various temperatures. Finite difference time domain was used to simulate the transmission spectra of the metamaterial at THz frequencies. Dielectric constant of the BST70 film at THz, in the temperature range from 0°C to 100°C, was derived by comparing the simulated resonance frequency with the experimental curves.
The Origins, Nature, and Content of the Right to Property: Five Economic Solitudes
Authors: Fox Glenn 
Published: February 2012

The thesis of this article is that the now extensive contemporary literature on the economics of property rights has generated more heat than light. Economists have invoked at least five distinct theories of ownership or property rights in their work. Unfortunately, authors frequently fail to acknowledge the existence of competing theories of property rights that stand as conceptual rivals to the theory that they, often implicitly, invoke. Nowhere is this problem more evident than in the literature on regulatory takings, a literature that has a justifiable reputation for its inconsistent conclusions. Other fields in which theories of property rights play an important role include intellectual property, the economics of contracts, competition analysis and policy, externalities, and the economics of information. This article compares and evaluates five competing theories of property rights that have been advanced and used by economists: classical liberalism, utilitarianism, legal positivism, pragmatism, and modern libertarianism. These theories present divergent accounts of the origin and the nature of ownership claims. They also conceptualize the evolution of ownership institutions as well as ownership patterns quite differently. There are also important differences in incentives that exist under institutional regimes based on each theory.Le présent article repose sur la thèse selon laquelle la volumineuse littérature contemporaine sur l’économie des droits de propriété génère plus de controverse que d’explications. Les économistes ont invoqué au moins cinq théories distinctes de la propriété ou des droits de propriété dans leurs travaux. Malheureusement, les auteurs omettent fréquemment de tenir compte de l’existence de théories des droits de propriété concurrentielles qui se présentent sous l’étiquette de rivales conceptuelles à la théorie qu’ils ont, souvent implicitement, invoquée. Ce problème n’est nulle part plus évident que dans la littérature sur l’expropriation indirecte, une littérature qui possède une réputation justifiée en raison de ses conclusions contradictoires. La théorie des droits de propriété joue également un rôle important dans d’autres domaines, tels que la propriété intellectuelle, l’économie des contrats, l’analyse et la politique de la concurrence, l’externalité et l’économie de l’information. Le présent article compare et évalue cinq théories des droits de propriété concurrentielles avancées et utilisées par les économistes : le libéralisme classique, l’utilitarisme, le positivisme juridique, le pragmatisme et le libertarisme moderne. Ces théories présentent des versions divergentes de l’origine et de la nature des revendications de propriété. Elles conceptualisent également l’évolution des institutions et des structures de propriété de façon totalement différente. Les incitatifs des régimes institutionnels varient de façon importante selon la théorie.
HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS Analysis of Flavonoid Compounds in 5 Seedless Table Grapes Grown in Apulian Region
Authors: Crupi Pasquale , Coletta Antonio , Anna Milella Rosa , Perniola Rocco , Gasparro Marica , Genghi Rosalinda , Antonacci Donato 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:  Flavonoids present in skin extracts of red seedless table grape varieties Summer Royal, Autumn Royal, and Crimson, and white seedless varieties Carati and Thompson were analyzed by HPLC‐DAD‐MS, in 3 y of study (2006 to 2008). The anthocyanins, delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, petunidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (with their corresponding p‐coumaroyl derivatives), peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, and malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (with their corresponding acetyl, caffeoyl, and p‐coumaroyl derivatives) were found. In addition the flavonols quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide, quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐galactoside, and the flavan‐3‐ols procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, and catechin were also detected. Anthocyanins were the main flavonoids in red grapes ranging from 24 (Crimson) to 500 (Summer Royal) mg/kg fresh weight of grapes; consistent levels of flavonols and flavan‐3‐ols were also quantified in all varieties. To determine the effective climatic influence on flavonoids content in field conditions, viticultural practices have been developed, that could exclude the effects of direct solar radiation from confounding the assessment of those related to thermal conditions alone. A strong positive correlation was determined between flavonoids and temperature data that seem to be responsible for the difference of these metabolites along the years; furthermore, it has been possible to define a linear relationship (R2= 0.6871, P= 0.0057) between thermal amplitude and total flavonoids values in the red grapes.Practical Application:  Grapes are economically the most important fruit species in the world and approximately 30% of its production is used as fresh fruit. Because of the very important role of flavonoids in food quality as well as their health‐promoting properties, and considering that our experiments were performed along 3 consecutive years, gathered results in this research are quite promising to give a useful information on the flavonoid contents and their evolution in 5 seedless table grapes that are widespread in Mediterranean regions but also in California and South America, and are grown in a viticultural climate (Apulia, South Italy) very close to some regions of Spain, Turkey, Tunisia, and Israel.
On Invariant Coordinate System (ICS) Functionals
Authors: Ilmonen Pauliina , Oja Hannu , Serfling Robert 
Published: February 2012

RésuméLes problèmes d'équivariance et d'invariance sont fréquents en analyse multivariée, o des adaptations sont parfois nécessaires en vue de l'obtention de versions équivariantes ou invariantes des procédures utilisées. Ces adaptations reposent souvent sur un traitement préliminaire des données, standardisation ou transformation via un système de coordonnées invariantes (ICS). Dans cet article, les méthodes de standardisation, ainsi que les caractéristiques des fonctionnelles et statistiques utilisées dans le cadre des ICS et leurs invariances sous l'action de certains groupes de transformations, sont examinées. En particulier, la méthode de construction fondée sur l'utilisation de deux matrices de scatter, développée par Tyler et al. (2009), ainsi que la méthode directe suggérée par Chaudhuri & Sengupta (1993), sont examinées. Diverses applications sont discutées.
Model‐Assisted Estimation of a Spatial Population Mean
Authors: Cicchitelli Giuseppe , Montanari Giorgio E. 
Published: February 2012

RésuméCet article traite de l'estimation de la moyenne d'une population spatiale. Dans le cadre d'une approche fondée sur un plan d'échantillonnage, un estimateur assisté par un modle de régression spline pénalisé est proposé et étudié. Nous montrons que cet estimateur est convergent (dans le cadre du plan) et établissons sa loi normale asymptotique. Une étude de simulation est menée afin d'étudier ses performances et l'estimation de sa variance, ainsi que les questions liées au biais relatif, à l'efficacité, et au taux de convergence des probabilités de couverture des intervalles de confiance correspondants. Ces simulations indiquent des gains d'efficacité considérables par rapport aux estimateurs découlant des méthodes d'échantillonnage classiques.
Comprehensive analysis of transcription factor expression patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cell of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sui Weiguo , Lin Hua , Chen Jiejing , Ou Minglin , Dai Yong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundTranscription factors (TFs) play a central role in regulating gene expression and in providing interconnecting regulatory networks between related pathway elements. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an organ‐nonspecific autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibodies against a host of nuclear antigens.AimThe pathogenesis of lupus is incompletely understood. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to SLE and finding effect biomarkers to anticipate SLE will be of great value.MethodTo investigate possible mechanisms, we describe a comparison of TF activity profiles between SLE and controls. Through TF assay analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmation, we identified different activities of TFs in SLE.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐five TFs were detected in both groups, with 92 of them differentially expressed by TF array in which 78 TFs up‐regulated and 14 TFs down‐regulated in SLE compared with the control group, while 253 TFs showed no significant expression levels. The array data was consistent with the EMSA verification results.ConclusionOur data indicated that TFs may be potentially involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, and can help to diagnose, treat and prevent SLE. The method could simplify the assay of multiple TFs and may facilitate high‐throughput profiling of large numbers of TFs.
Financial Crisis, SWF Investing, and Implications for Financial Stability
Authors: Park Joonkyu , van der Hoorn Han 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe recent global financial crisis has significantly affected sovereign wealth funds’ (SWFs’) financial performance and their investment activities. The crisis shed a new light on SWFs’ objectives and priorities. SWFs need to review critically their strategic asset allocation (SAA) within a sovereign asset and liability management (ALM) framework, and their assets should be analyzed over complete economic cycles including market turbulences. The crisis raises also the question of whether some of the underlying objectives of the Santiago Principles—maintaining a stable global financial system and maximizing financial returns—are perhaps conflicting. We argue that any conflict was from a wrong interpretation of the principles, not from the principles themselves. Ultimately, stable financial markets are in each SWF’s self interest, also from a narrow financial perspective. In this respect, financial stability and financial risk/return can be mutually reinforcing objectives rather than conflicting.
Prognostic value of metabolic volume measured by F‐18 FDG PET‐CT in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: I Hoseok , Kim Keunyoung , Kim Seong‐Jang , Kim In‐Joo , Pak Kyoungjune , Kim Heeyoung 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the metabolic tumor volume (MTV) measured by F‐18 Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET‐CT) in predicting recurrence free survival (RFS) in patients with esophageal cancer.Methods:  Forty‐five patients with squamous cell carcinoma, who had undergone whole‐body F‐18 FDG PET‐CT scans before surgical resection, were included in this study. All patients were treated with Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy. The MTV was quantified within the primary tumor using the 50% threshold of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the FDG uptake areas. The cutoff value of MTV50 was determined through receiver‐operating characteristic curve. The Kaplan Meier method was used to find out the relationship between RFS and MTV50. Univariate analysis and multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis were applied to test the significance of volumetric parameter of F‐18 FDG PET‐CT and other conventional prognostic factors for the prediction of RFS.Results:  Overall median follow up period was 17.87 months (range: 1.07–63.27 months). The median survival between treatment completion and recurrence was 15.5 months (range: 1.37–72.43 months). Recurrence was found in eight patients. On univariate analysis, MTV50 (P = 0.0032), N stage (P = 0.0004), American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (P = 0.0101), tumor location (P = 0.0054) and adjuvant treatment (P = 0.0373) were significant predictors of RFS. Multivariate analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors were MTV50 (P = 0.0465), N stage (P = 0.0303) and tumor location (P = 0.0270).Conclusion:  Volume based parameter of F‐18 FDG PET‐CT may have a role in providing prognostic information in esophageal cancer patients who received esophagectomy.
OBTAINING CONTRADICTION MEASURES ON INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY SETS FROM FUZZY CONNECTIVES
Authors: CASTIÑEIRA ELENA E. , TORRES-BLANC CARMEN , CUBILLO SUSANA 
Published: February 2012

In a previous paper1, we proposed an axiomatic model for measuring self-contradiction in the framework of Atanassov fuzzy sets. This way, contradiction measures that are semicontinuous and completely semicontinuous, from both below and above, were defined. Although some examples were given, the problem of finding families of functions satisfying the different axioms remained open. The purpose of this paper is to construct some families of contradiction measures firstly using continuous t-norms and t-conorms, and secondly by means of strong negations. In both cases, we study the properties that they satisfy. These families are then classified according the different kinds of measures presented in the above paper.
Track-Pattern-Based Model for Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Seog , Ho Chang-Hoi , Kim Joo-Hong , Chu Pao-Shin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSkillful predictions of the seasonal tropical cyclone (TC) activity are important in mitigating the potential destruction from the TC approach/landfall in many coastal regions. In this study, a novel approach for the prediction of the seasonal TC activity over the western North Pacific is developed to provide useful probabilistic information on the seasonal characteristics of the TC tracks and vulnerable areas. The developed model, which is termed the “track-pattern-based model,” is characterized by two features: 1) a hybrid statistical–dynamical prediction of the seasonal activity of seven track patterns obtained by fuzzy c-means clustering of historical TC tracks and 2) a technique that enables researchers to construct a forecasting map of the spatial probability of the seasonal TC track density over the entire basin. The hybrid statistical–dynamical prediction for each pattern is based on the statistical relationship between the seasonal TC frequency of the pattern and the seasonal mean key predictors dynamically forecast by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System in May. The leave-one-out cross validation shows good prediction skill, with the correlation coefficients between the hindcasts and the observations ranging from 0.71 to 0.81. Using the predicted frequency and the climatological probability for each pattern, the authors obtain the forecasting map of the seasonal TC track density by combining the TC track densities of the seven patterns. The hindcasts of the basinwide seasonal TC track density exhibit good skill in reproducing the observed pattern. The El Niño–/La Niña–related years, in particular, tend to show a better skill than the neutral years.
A Theoretical Study on Synthesis Mechanism of fac-[Ir(ppy)3] from [Ir(acac)3] in the Presence of Brønsted Acids and Water Molecules
Authors: Yoshimura Kazuaki , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Matsuo Shinji , Hashimoto Hiromi , Hori Takumi , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro , Sumimoto Michinori , Hori Kenji 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We recently found new reaction conditions with which [Ir(acac)3] reacts with ppyH (2-phenylpyridine) to produce fac-[Ir(ppy)3] in high yield. It is desirable that Brønsted acids and water molecules exist in the reaction mixture to achieve both the high yield and the selectivity of fac-[Ir(ppy)3]. In this study, the reaction mechanism was investigated theoretically to find reasons of the observed effect of the acid and the water molecule at the B3LYP/SDD level of theory. Although a transition state was located without taking a hydron in the mechanism into account, an IRC calculation confirmed that the TS leads to form a by-product, in which acac makes a bond with ppyH. A neighboring ppyH molecule is involved in the removal of the hydron. A hydron of ppyH was extracted by acac when acac leaves the complex and the orthometalation reaction proceeds. Theoretical calculations showed that the trans effect of the Ir–C bond is key to understanding the selectivity of our reaction.
Homohelical Porphyrin Analogue Embedded with Binaphthol Units
Authors: Setsune Jun-ichiro , Omae Shintaro 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
An expanded porphyrin analogue embedded with binaphthol units provides unidirectional overall helical conformation with hexaanionic N4O4 coordination environment that is suited to support a linear array of three metals.
Synthesis of Echinoid-like TiO2 Particles through Modified Sol–Gel Method Using PVA as a Surface-directing Agent and Their Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Jang Inseok , Song Kyungho , Oh Seong-Geun 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Echinoid-like TiO2 particles were prepared via modified sol–gel process using PVA as a surface-directing agent in acetic acid solution. The surface of echinoid-like TiO2 particle is significantly rough, and the size of the particles is 800–1100 nm. The specific surface area and average pore size of echinoid-like TiO2 particles are 82.81 m2 g−1 and 11.79 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of echinoid-like TiO2 particles was very high compared with P25 due to larger surface area.
Deconjugative Esterification of 2-(4-Phenylcyclohexylidene)acetic Acid via Intramolecular Chirality Transfer
Authors: Sano Shigeki , Ichikawa Takashi , Nakao Michiyasu , Nagao Yoshimitsu 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Deconjugative esterification of optically active 2-(4-phenylcyclohexylidene)acetic acid (1) and 2-(4-tert-butylcyclohexylidene)acetic acid (4) with an axis of chirality afforded the corresponding β,γ-unsaturated esters 2 and 6, each with a center of chirality. Additionally, a plausible reaction mechanism for the intramolecular chirality transfer is described.
Temperature-dependent Optical Transmittance of Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide/Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Assembly
Authors: Yeo Min Young , Park Sung Young , In Insik 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Stable dispersion of chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is prepared by simple noncovalent interaction with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). Prepared RGO/HPC assembly shows temperature-dependent optical modulation below or above lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Different anchoring modes of HPC chains on RGO plates might contribute to the change of LCST for RGO/HPC assembly at different HPC-to-graphene mass ratio.