bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N-CLAP: Global Profiling of N-Termini by Chemoselective Labeling of the α-Amine of Proteins
Authors: Xu Guoqiang , Jaffrey Samie R. 
Published: November 2010

INTRODUCTIONN-terminalomics identifies proteins by selectively enriching for and sequencing their N-terminal peptides using mass spectrometry (MS) in a high-throughput manner. Several N-terminalomics procedures have been developed to identify protein cleavage sites in a variety of cell-signaling events, such as apoptosis and N-terminal methionine excision. This protocol describes a newly developed N-terminalomics approach, N-CLAP (N-terminalomics by chemical labeling of the α-amine of proteins). N-CLAP uses Edman chemistry to modify all of the amines in proteins, followed by the generation of a new unmodified amine at the N terminus after the removal of the first amino acid by peptide bond cleavage. A commercially available N-hydroxysuccinimide reagent is used to label the α-amine at the protein N terminus with a cleavable biotin affinity tag, which facilitates the downstream purification of the N-terminal peptides. Peptides are eluted by cleaving the biotin affinity tag using reducing agent and identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). N-CLAP can be used for the identification of signaling peptides for mature proteins as well as for global profiling of cleavage events that occur during cell signaling, such as apoptosis.
A Technique for Artificial Inoculation of Cauliflower Seedlings with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary
Authors: Kapoor K. S. , Gill H. S. , Sharma S. R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe technique involves partial colonisation of detached petals with either the ascospores or the mycelium for initiating subsequent infection of the cauliflower seedlings. Under optimum environmental conditions typical symptoms appeared six days after placement of partially colonised petals on the host surface.ZusammenfassungDie Methode beinhaltet die teilweise Kolonisierung von abgetrennten Kronenblättern entweder mit Ascosporen oder Myzel, um anschlieβend eine Infektion der Blumenkohlsämlinge herbeizuführen. Unter optimalen Umweltbedingungen erschienen typischç Symptome sechs Tage nach dem Aufbringen von teilweise kolonisierten Kronenblättern auf die Wirtsoberfläche.
Circulating angiotensin converting enzyme in endurance horses: effect of exercise on blood levels and its value in predicting performance
Authors: DE MELLO COSTA M. F. , ANDERSON G. A. , DAVIES H. M. , EL‐HAGE C. M. , SLOCOMBE R. F. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study: Investigate angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in equine plasma as a predictor of performance in endurance competitions and the effect of endurance exercise on ACE activity.Hypothesis: Precompetition values of ACE activity in equine blood are correlated with performance results and with heart rates pre‐ and post competition used as indicators of fitness. Endurance exercise increases ACE activity.Methods: Nineteen horses participating in an 80 km endurance competition had venous blood samples collected before and after the ride. ACE activity and total protein were measured in the blood samples and heart rates and finishing positions were recorded. Statistical analysis included paired t tests and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Results: Of the 19 horses enlisted, only 16 horses completed the ride. Of these 16, another 2 were disqualified at the last veterinary check. When the 16 horses were considered, precompetition heart rate, but not ACE, was correlated with finishing position. When only the 14 horses that were classified were considered, the association disappeared. ACE activity was similar before and after competition.Conclusions: Precompetition ACE activity in endurance horses competing in an 80 km event was not associated with either finishing position or heart rates before or after competition, indicating that the enzyme is not a good predictor of performance in this form of equestrian competition. Endurance competition did not significantly alter ACE activity in this group of horses.
Velocity‐dependent changes of time, force and spatial parameters in Warmblood horses walking and trotting on a treadmill
Authors: WEISHAUPT M. A. , HOGG H. P. , AUER J. A. , WIESTNER T. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:Gait analysis parameters are sensitive to alterations in velocity. For comparison of nonspeed‐matched data, the velocity dependency needs to be known.Objectives:To describe the changes in gait pattern and determine the relationships between stride duration, vertical impulse, contact time and peak vertical force within a range of walking and trotting speeds.Methods:Thirty‐eight nonlame Warmblood horses were subjected to an incremental speed test. The spans of speed were adjusted individually to each horse and ranged from 1.1–2.1 m/s at walk and from 2.5–5.8 m/s at trot. Time, force and spatial parameters of each limb were measured with an instrumented treadmill and analysed with regression analysis using velocity as the independent variable.Results:At a slow walk the shape of the force curve was generally single‐peaked in the fore‐ and trapezoidal in the hindlimbs. With increasing speed, the curves turned into the typical double‐peaked shape with a higher second peak in the fore‐ and a higher first peak in the hindlimbs. With increasing velocity, stride duration, stance durations and limb impulses of the fore‐ and hindlimbs decreased in both gaits (r2>0.92). Increasing speed caused a weight shift to the forehand (walk: from 56 to 59%; trot: from 55 to 57%). Despite decreasing limb impulses, peak vertical forces increased in both gaits (r2>0.83). The suspension duration of the trot increased with faster velocities and reached a plateau of around 90 ms at the highest speeds. At a slow trot, the forelimbs impacted first and followed the hindlimbs at lift‐off; with increasing speed, the horses tended to impact earlier with the hindlimbs. Contralateral symmetry indices of all parameters remained unchanged.Conclusions:Subject velocity affects time, force and spatial parameters. Knowing the mathematical function of these interdependencies enables correction of nonspeed‐matched data.
Effects of prior exercise on insulin‐mediated and noninsulin‐mediated glucose uptake in horses during a hyperglycaemic clamp
Authors: GEOR R. J. , STEWART‐HUNT L. , McCUTCHEON L. J. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:There is limited information about factors regulating glucose utilisation post exercise in horses.Objectives:To determine the effects of a single bout of moderate intensity exercise on measures of insulin‐mediated (IMGU) and noninsulin‐mediated (NIMGU) glucose uptake during a hyperglycaemic clamp (HC).Methods:Hyperglycaemic clamps were administered in random order to 8 Standardbreds under 4 conditions: 1) rest, insulinopenia (R‐L); 2) rest, hyperinsulinaemia (R‐H); 3) post exercise (45 min at ∼50% VO2peak), insulinopenia (Ex‐L) and 4) post exercise, hyperinsulinaemia (Ex‐H). In the R‐L and Ex‐L trials, somatostatin was infused to suppress insulin secretion and induce insulinopenia. After 30 min, a 2 h HC was initiated with plasma glucose concentrations maintained at ∼10 mmol/l by variable glucose infusion. In R‐H and Ex‐H, regular insulin (1.0 mu/kg bwt/min) was also administered to induce physiological hyperinsulinaemia. Serum insulin and C‐peptide concentrations were measured in samples obtained at 10 min intervals. Glucose uptake was calculated from mean glucose infusion rate (GIR) during the last 60 min of the HC.Results:In all HCs C‐peptide remained below baseline concentrations, evidence of suppression of insulin secretion by somatostatin. Overall, mean ± s.e. insulin concentrations during the final 60 min of the HC in R‐L and Ex‐L were 5.7 ± 1.1 and 6.9 ± 1.9 mu/l respectively, and corresponding values in R‐H and Ex‐H were 64.1 ± 11.1 and 61.2 ± 10.9 mu/l. Prior exercise affected IMGU but not NIMGU. Over the final 60 min of the HC, mean GIR was higher (P<0.001) in Ex‐H (5.6 ± 1.1 mg/kg bwt/min) than in R‐H (3.3 ± 0.9 mg/kg bwt/min), whereas mean GIR did not differ (P = 0.26) between R‐L (1.2 ± 0.3 mg/kg bwt/min) and Ex‐L (1.8 ± 0.5 mg/kg bwt/min).Conclusions:A single bout of moderate intensity exercise increased glucose uptake during a hyperglycaemic clamp under hyperinsulinaemic conditions but not under somatostatin‐induced insulinopenia.
Evaluation of a mask for breath‐by‐breath respirometry during exercise in horses
Authors: RAMSEYER A. , SIDES R. , SLINKER B. , EVANS D. , BAYLY W. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:The ability to obtain breath‐by‐breath measures of ventilatory mechanics for the entirety of an exercise test, regardless of speed(s) or duration enables evaluations of equine ventilation during exercise that are necessary for assessments of performance.Objective:Evaluation of a new ergospirometer (Quadflow; QF) system's accuracy and repeatability for measuring pulmonary variables in contrast to the established pneumotachometer‐based system (control) and assessment of its effects, if any, on exercise capacity at high speeds.Materials and methods:Five Thoroughbred horses each performed 10 incremental exercise tests to fatigue, 5 with the QF system and 5 with an open‐circuit flow system. Measures of pulmonary variables were evaluated to determine repeatability. Heart rate, pulmonary variables, arterial blood gases, distance run and time to fatigue measured with each system were compared to assess similarity of results and effect on performance.Results:Results from both systems had high repeatability with low coefficients of variation. The QF was associated with greater resistance to airflow, higher breathing rate at submaximal speeds, lower minute ventilation and peak inspiratory and expiratory airflows, greater acidaemia, hypoxaemia and hypercapnoea, and decreased total run time and total distance run when compared to control system results.Conclusion:The greater resistance of the QF was responsible for altered blood gases, respiratory parameters and performance when compared to the control mask. The QF system reliably measured equine pulmonary airflows and volumes and is suitable for research and clinical use provided optimal gas exchange and best possible physical performance are not required.
Assessment of glucose disposal with the hyperglycaemic clamp technique during low intensity exercise in Warmblood horses
Authors: KEMMINK A. , WESTERMANN C. M. , Van Der KOLK J. H. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:The quantity of glucose disposal during exercise (walk and trot) compared to rest by use of the hyperglycaemic clamp technique has not been reported previously and has relevance to nutritional requirements.Hypothesis:Exercise (walk and trot) significantly increases glucose disposal compared to rest.Methods:Seven healthy Dutch Warmblood mares, all in dioestrus, mean ± s.d. age 11.6 ± 2.4 years and weighing 569 ± 40 kg were fasted for 12 h prior to a hyperglycaemic clamp at rest (maintaining a steady state of the blood glucose concentration during 30 min), walk (10 min, 1.5 m/s), trot (20 min, 4.4 m/s), walk (10 min, 1.5 m/s) and rest again (maintaining a steady state during 30 min). Plasma glucose concentrations were measured every 5 min. The mean rate of glucose disposal was calculated by corrections for glucose loss via the glucose space and urine. A one‐way ANOVA withpost hocBonferroni was performed.Results:The mean ± s.d. rate of glucose disposal was 15.0 ± 2.1 at first rest, 25.1 ± 6.2 at first walk, 37.4 ± 9.1 at trot, 33.0 ± 13.1 at second walk and 18.7 ± 4.6 µmol/kg bwt/min at second rest. Values at trot and at second walk differed significantly from values at first rest, whereas values at both rests were similar as well as at first rest and at first walk.Conclusions:Mean rate of glucose disposal of Warmblood horses increased 2.5 times during trot compared to basal.Potential relevance:The hyperglycaemic clamp technique is an attractive nonisotope method to assess the rate of glucose disposal in exercising horses.
Weak and Strong Convergence Theorems for Asymptotically Strict Pseudocontractive Mappings in the Intermediate Sense
Authors: Zhao Jing , He Songnian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe study the convergence of Ishikawa iteration process for the class of asymptotically "Equation missing"-strict pseudocontractive mappings in the intermediate sense which is not necessarily Lipschitzian. Weak convergence theorem is established. We also obtain a strong convergence theorem by using hybrid projection for this iteration process. Our results improve and extend the corresponding results announced by many others.
On Some Geometric Constants and the Fixed Point Property for Multivalued Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Zhang Jingxin , Cui Yunan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe show some geometric conditions on a Banach space X concerning the Jordan-von Neumann constant, Zbăganu constant, characteristic of (separation) noncompact convexity, and the coefficient R(1, X), the weakly convergent sequence coefficient, which imply the existence of fixed points for multivalued nonexpansive mappings.
Coupled Coincidence Point Theorems for Nonlinear Contractions in Partially Ordered Quasi-Metric Spaces with a Q-Function
Authors: Hussain N , Shah MH , Kutbi MA 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsing the concept of a mixed g-monotone mapping, we prove some coupled coincidence and coupled common fixed point theorems for nonlinear contractive mappings in partially ordered complete quasi-metric spaces with a Q-function q. The presented theorems are generalizations of the recent coupled fixed point theorems due to Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham (2006), Lakshmikantham and Ćirić (2009) and many others.
Genome-wide Association Study of Prostate Cancer Mortality
Authors: Penney Kathryn L. , Pyne Saumyadipta , Schumacher Fredrick R. , Sinnott Jennifer A. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Kraft Peter L. , Ma Jing , Oh William K. , Kurth Tobias , Kantoff Philip W. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Stampfer Meir J. , Hunter David J. , Freedman Matthew L. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Background: A pressing clinical issue in prostate cancer is to distinguish which men will have an indolent or aggressive course of disease. Clinical variables such as Gleason grade and stage are useful predictors of lethal cancer; however, the low predictive values of the common Gleason scores, changes in grading over time, and earlier diagnosis of patients due to screening limits their clinical utility. Identifying genetic variants associated with lethal prostate cancer could inform clinical decision making.
Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study, comparing lethal prostate cancer cases to cases surviving at least 10 years beyond their initial diagnosis. Genotyping was done with the Affymetrix 5.0 chip [∼500,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and 1,483 copy number variants (CNV)] on DNA from participants in the Physicians' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (196 lethal cases, 368 long-term survivors). After excluding SNPs and individuals based on quality control criteria, logistic regression assuming an additive model was done using the PLINK software.
Results: No SNP reached genome-wide significance (P ≤ 1 × 10−7); however, three independent SNPs had P &lt; 1 × 10−5. One top-ranked SNP replicated (P = 0.05) in an independent follow-up study. Although no CNV had genome-wide significance, 14 CNVs showed nominal association with prostate cancer mortality (P &lt; 0.05).
Conclusions: No variants were significantly associated at a genome-wide level with prostate cancer mortality. Common genetic determinants of lethal prostate cancer are likely to have odds ratios &lt;2.0.
Impact: Genetic markers identified could provide biological insight to improve therapy for men with potentially fatal cancer. Larger studies are necessary to detect the genetic causes of prostate cancer mortality. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(11); 2869–76. ©2010 AACR.
Influence of Forced Large-Scale Atmospheric Patterns on Surface Air Temperature in China
Authors: Jia Xiaojing , Lin Hai 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The seasonality of the influence of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST)-forced large-scale atmospheric patterns on the surface air temperature (SAT) over China is investigated for the period from 1969 to 2001. Both observations and output from four atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) involved in the second phase of the Canadian Historical Forecasting Project (HFP) are used. The large-scale atmospheric patterns are obtained by applying a singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis between 500-hPa geopotential height (Z500) in the Northern Hemisphere and SST in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Temporal correlations between the SAT over China and the expansion coefficients of the leading SVD modes show that SAT over China can be significantly influenced by these large-scale atmospheric patterns, especially by the second SVD mode. The relationship between the SAT over China and the leading atmospheric patterns in the observations is partly captured by the HFP models.
Furthermore, seasonal forecasts of SAT over China are postprocessed using a statistical approach. This statistical approach is designed based on the relationship between the forecast Z500 and the observed SST to calibrate the SAT forecasts. Results show that the forecast skill of the postprocessed SAT over China can be improved in all seasons to some extent, with that in fall having the most significant improvement. Possible mechanisms behind the improvement of the forecast are investigated.
Synthesis of Ag–Pd Alloy Nanoparticles Suitable as Precursors for Ionic Migration-Resistant Conductive Film
Authors: Yamamoto Mari , Kakiuchi Hiroshi , Kashiwagi Yukiyasu , Yoshida Yukio , Ohno Toshinobu , Nakamoto Masami 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Tetradecanoate-stabilized Ag–Pd alloy nanoparticles (NPs) were quantitatively synthesized by the controlled thermolysis of silver tetradecanoate and palladium tetradecanoate in the presence of tripropylamine. This approach is a one-pot synthetic method applicable to large-scale preparation. The Ag–Pd alloy NPs obtained at feeding ratios of Ag/Pd = 85/15, 50/50, and 15/85 have mean diameters of about 3 nm with narrow size distributions. The structure of Ag–Pd alloy NPs was solid solution face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure, which was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurement. The elemental compositions of the Ag–Pd alloy NPs corresponded closely with the feeding ratio of the precursors. The Ag–Pd alloy NPs were studied as printable precursors to fabricate conductive elements for printed electronics. The electronic circuit pattern was prepared by screen-printing, using Ag–Pd alloy NPs ink, and then converted to conductive film by annealing at 300 °C. The obtained metallic Ag–Pd alloy film had both high conductivity and ionic migration-resistance.
Competition between Hydrogen and Dihydrogen Bonding: Interaction of B2H6 with HF and LiH
Authors: Zabardasti Abedien , Joshaghani Mohammad , Solimannejad Mohammad 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Ab initio calculations were used to analyze the interactions between a molecule of B2H6 with HF and LiH at the MP2/aug-cc-pvdz computational level. B2H6 could interact with HF and LiH through both its terminal (Ht) and bridged (Hb) hydrogens. Interaction of Hb of B2H6 with HF and LiH result in formation of Hb···F hydrogen and Hb···H dihydrogen bonds, respectively. In contrast, Ht of B2H6 leads to formation of Ht···H and Ht···Li bonds in the interaction with HF and LiH. The B2H6–LiH complexes are more stable than B2H6–HF counterparts. The structures obtained have been analyzed with the atoms in molecules (AIMs) methodology.
Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation Reaction of Alkynylborates
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Shinmoto Tatsuo , Sawano Shota , Miura Tomoya , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Alkynyl(aryl)(diorganyl)borates, anionic tetrahedral boron compounds, reacted with allylic bromides in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst to produce (diorganyl)(trisubstituted alkenyl)boranes. Allylation took place at the alkynyl carbon β to boron, inducing 1,2-migration of the aryl group on the anionic boron center to the α-carbon.
Photoinduced Change in Mechanical Properties of Anthracene Polymers Containing Flexible Side Chains
Authors: Kondo Mizuho , Takemoto Masahiko , Matsuda Takehiro , Fukae Ryohei , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Anthracene polymers containing flexible side chains were prepared and their photomechanical properties were investigated. The glass transition temperature of the polymers decreased and the photoreactivity at room temperature was enhanced with an increase of the flexible side chain content. When the polymer was formed into a fiber shape and illuminated with UV light, it bent toward the actinic light source. The deformation was investigated using a thermomechanical analyzer, which revealed that the polymers undergo fast expansion and slow contraction in response to UV light, due to the thermal expansion and photodimerization of the anthracene moiety, respectively.
MCM-41 Grafted Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Recyclable Catalysts for the Sequential Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Epoxides, CO2, and Methanol
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Liguo , Liu Shimin , Li Xueli , Shi Feng , Deng Youquan 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
One kind of novel heterogenous bifunctional catalyst, MCM-41 grafted quaternary ammonium salts with terminal amino group, was prepared. These catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic performance and good reusability in the sequential synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from epoxides, CO2, and methanol.
Early failure of the Ultima metal-on-metal total hip replacement in the presence of normal plain radiographs
Authors: Donell S. T. , Darrah C. , Nolan J. F. , Wimhurst J. , Toms A. , Barker T. H. W. , Case C. P. , Tucker J. K. 
Published: November 2010

Metal-on-metal total hip replacement has been targeted at younger patients with anticipated long-term survival, but the effect of the production of metal ions is a concern because of their possible toxicity to cells. We have reviewed the results of the use of the Ultima hybrid metal-on-metal total hip replacement, with a cemented polished tapered femoral component with a 28 mm diameter and a cobalt-chrome (CoCr) modular head, articulating with a 28 mm CoCr acetabular bearing surface secured in a titanium alloy uncemented shell. Between 1997 and 2004, 545 patients with 652 affected hips underwent replacement using this system. Up to 31 January 2008, 90 (13.8%) hips in 82 patients had been revised. Pain was the sole reason for revision in 44 hips (48.9%) of which 35 had normal plain radiographs. Peri-prosthetic fractures occurred in 17 hips (18.9%) with early dislocation in three (3.3%) and late dislocation in 16 (17.8%). Infection was found in nine hips (10.0%). At operation, a range of changes was noted including cavities containing cloudy fluid under pressure, necrotic soft tissues with avulsed tendons and denuded osteonecrotic upper femora. Corrosion was frequently observed on the retrieved cemented part of the femoral component. Typically, the peri-operative findings confirmed those found on pre-operative metal artefact reduction sequence MRI and histological examination showed severe necrosis. Metal artefact reduction sequence MRI proved to be useful when investigating these patients with pain in the absence of adverse plain radiological features.