bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an Approach to Weight Loss in Adults With Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Saunders Richard R , Saunders Muriel D , Donnelly Joseph E , Smith Bryan K , Sullivan Debra K , Guilford Brianne , Rondon Mary F 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Of 79 overweight adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities who participated in a weight loss intervention, 73 completed the 6-month diet phase. The emphasis in the intervention was consumption of high volume, low calorie foods and beverages, including meal-replacement shakes. Lower calorie frozen entrees were recommended to control portion size. A walking activity was encouraged. Participants attended monthly meetings in which a small amount of cash was exchanged for self-recorded intake and exercise records completed on picture-based forms. Average weight loss was 13.2 pounds (6.3%) of baseline weight at 6 months, with weight loss shown by 64 of the 73 individuals enrolled. Those completing a 6-month follow-up phase showed weight loss of 9.4% of baseline. Increased choice and control are discussed as possible contributors to individual success.
Exploring the Perceptions of Self-Determination of Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Shogren Karrie A , Broussard Ricky 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Interviews were conducted with 17 individuals who had intellectual disability to expand our understanding of the impact of self-determination in their life. Themes emerging from the interviews were grouped into three categories: meaning of self-determination, learning about self-determination, and dreams for the future. Participants described self-determination as being able to make choices and be in control of one's life and setting as well as being able to work toward goals and engage in advocacy. Participants discussed the importance of supports for expressing self-determination and identified environmental characteristics that promoted and inhibited self-determination. Overall, their perceptions confirm the importance of promoting personal development of skills and attitudes associated with self-determination and systems change to create environmental opportunities for self-determination and causal agency. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Präpositionaladverbien im Erst- und Zweitspracherwerb – Pleonasmen oder Funktionsträger?
Authors: Bryant Doreen 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Both German monolingual children and Turkish bilingual children use pleonastic locatives for a certain period of time but they do so for different reasons, as will be shown in this paper. Constructions like Das Buch ist auf dem Tisch drauf, where the spatial relation is signaled twice – in the preposition auf and in the adverb drauf – are grammatically acceptable but are considered somewhat colloquial. It is therefore not surprising that adults in the picture-description task being reported here make no use of the spatial repetition. With the children things are different: Those Turkish L2 learners who start to acquire German at the age of 3 begin by using a semantically unspecified prepositional head for all topological relations (e.g. *Der Apfel ist in/bei Baum/Schale/Tisch instead of Der Apfel ist am Baum/in der Schale/auf dem Tisch). Owing to their mother tongue, it takes them quite long to detect the semantic specification in the input. In particular, stressed and post-final elements attract their attention, and not surprisingly they start using the postpositional spatial adverbs and particles to break through the German prepositional system (e.g. *Das Buch ist in/bei Tisch drauf). Unlike Turkish children, young German native speakers combine these adverbial elements with a full prepositional phrase, but with no functional value. As the data indicate, the pleonastic locative construction appears to be a residue of an earlier developmental stage which involves the splitting of a complex pronominal adverb (e.g. da(d)rauf) and stranding the prepositional part (e.g. Da ist ein Buch drauf). The high frequency of sentence final verb particles in the input (often with identical form and transparent spatial meaning) might produce the preserving effect even though meanwhile the full prepositional phrase is used to express a spatial relation. Already at preschool age German children come to recognize the redundancy and finally drop the adverbial element. Turkish children, however, have to rely on the prepositional adverb – as a supportive and stabilizing „function-carrier“ – until they notice that in German it is the preposition that must carry the specific spatial information. This is subsequently transmitted from the postpositional spatial element to the head of the full prepositional phrase.
WG and WP Formulations of Captan with Polymeric Surfactants
Authors: Hu Qiang 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Water-dispersible Granules (WGs) and Wettable Powder (WP) are two important types of agrochemical formulations. The combined shares of WG and WP formulations by volume were 30 % among all the agrochemical formulation types in 2007. WG formulation is continuously increasing in share as a safer and greener formulation type. Both formulation compositions and formulation process affect the performance of WG and WP. This research demonstrated a concise and systematic approach to develop WG via low pressure extrusion process and WP blade-mixer blending process in the laboratory. Specifically, Captan technical as a model active ingredient was formulated together with polymeric dispersants, alkyl sodium sulfosuccinate wetting agents, and Kaolin clay diluents under controlled process conditions. The formulated samples were investigated in suspension stability, disintegration behavior, particle size, and granule morphology, and their composition-structure-performance relationships were discussed.
More than adequate iodine intake may increase subclinical hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis: a cross-sectional study based on two Chinese communities with different iodine intake levels
Authors: Teng Xiaochun , Shan Zhongyan , Chen Yanyan , Lai Yaxin , Yu Jiashu , Shan Ling , Bai Xue , Li Yuanbin , Li Ningna , Li Zhidan , Wang Sen , Xing Qian , Xue Haibo , Zhu Lin , Hou Xin , Fan Chenling , Teng Weiping 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveWith the introduction of iodized salt worldwide, more and more people are exposed to more than adequate iodine intake levels with median urinary iodine excretion (MUI 200–300 μg/l) or excessive iodine intake levels (MUI >300 μg/l). The objective of this study was to explore the associations between more than adequate iodine intake levels and the development of thyroid diseases (e.g. thyroid dysfunction, thyroid autoimmunity, and thyroid structure) in two Chinese populations.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two areas in which people are exposed to different levels of iodine intake (Rongxing, MUI 261 μg/l; Chengshan, MUI 145 μg/l). A total of 3813 individuals were recruited by random sampling. Thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibodies in serum, and iodine levels in urine were measured. B-mode ultrasonography of the thyroid was also performed for each participant.ResultsThe prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly higher for subjects who live in Rongxing than those who live in Chengshan (5.03 vs 1.99%, P<0.001). The prevalence of positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and positive anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) was significantly higher for subjects in Rongxing than those in Chengshan (TPOAb: 10.64 vs 8.4%, P=0.02; TgAb: 10.27 vs 7.93%, P=0.01). The increase in thyroid antibodies was most pronounced in the high concentrations of TPOAb (TPOAb: ≥500 IU/ml) and low concentrations of TgAb (TgAb: 40–99 IU/ml) in Rongxing.ConclusionsMore than adequate iodine intake could be a public health concern in terms of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in the Chinese populations.
State Laws Regarding the Retention and Use of Residual Newborn Screening Blood Samples
Authors: Lewis Michelle H. , Goldenberg Aaron , Anderson Rebecca , Rothwell Erin , Botkin Jeffrey 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND:
After newborn screening has been completed, many states retain residual newborn screening dried blood samples for various purposes, including program evaluation, quality assurance, and biomedical research. The extent to which states possess legal authority to retain residual dried blood samples (DBS) and use them for purposes unrelated to newborn screening is unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate state laws regarding the retention and use of DBS.

METHODS:
State statutes and regulations related to newborn screening of all 50 states plus the District of Columbia were accessed online between November 2008 and December 2009 and reviewed by 2 independent reviewers to determine the extent to which the retention and use of DBS were addressed.

RESULTS:
The retention or use of DBS has not been addressed in 18 states. In 4 states, DBS becomes state property. Eight states require that parents be provided information regarding the retention of DBS. Parents in 5 states may request the destruction of their child's residual sample. Parental consent is required under certain circumstances to release DBS for research in 6 states. One state prohibits DBS from being used for research purposes.

CONCLUSIONS:
States have wide variability in their policies regarding the retention and use of DBS. Many states have not addressed key issues, and some states that retain DBS may be acting outside the scope of their legal authority. The lack of transparency on the part of states in retaining DBS may undermine public trust in state newborn screening programs and the research enterprise.
Rabies-Prevention Policy Update: New Reduced-Dose Schedule
Authors:   Committee on Infectious Diseases
Published: March 2011

This Policy Statement was retired January 2015.
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends reducing the number of doses from 5 to 4 of human diploid cell vaccine or purified chick embryo cell vaccine required for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent rabies in humans. The vaccine doses should be given on day 0 (first day of prophylaxis) and days 3, 7, and 14 after the first dose. For persons with immune suppression, the 5-dose regimen should continue to be used. Recommendations for the use of human rabies immunoglobulin remain unchanged. The American Academy of Pediatrics endorses these recommendations.
Subgingival Epstein‐Barr and Cytomegalovirus Occurrence in Pregnancy Gingivitis
Authors: Ereş Gülden , Altıok Elif , Özkul Aykut , Açıkel Cengiz Han 
Published: March 2011

Background: Although recent studies focused on the role of human herpesviruses in various types of periodontal disease, there was a lack of information in these reports regarding the role of pregnancy gingivitis. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between pregnancy and the subgingival virus presence and their relationship with clinical parameters.Methods: Seventy pregnant and 40 non‐pregnant women were examined for gingival and plaque indices, bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical probing depths (PDs) from the whole dentition. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from sites showing signs of gingivitis and healthy sites. The polymerase chain reaction methodology was used to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) from plaque samples.Results: Our results show that gingivitis lesions in 27 (38.6%) and 10 (14.3%) pregnant patients were positive for EBV and CMV, respectively. In the non‐pregnant group, EBV and CMV were detected in six (15%) and eight (20%) lesions, respectively. A statistically significant difference (P <0.01) was found between the subgingival occurrence of EBV in the two groups. In gingivitis sites, clinical PDs were affected by gestation (P <0.001) and the occurrence of EBV (P <0.001). In healthy sites, clinical PDs were affected by gestation (P <0.05), and BOP was affected by the occurrence of CMV and EBV (P <0.001).Conclusion: Our data indicate that pregnancy increased the risk of the presence of subgingival EBV in pregnant women by 3.647 times more than in non‐pregnant women.
Enhanced β‐Tricalcium Phosphate Blended Clot Adhesion to EDTA Biomodulated Periodontally Affected Root Surfaces: In Vivo Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation
Authors: Gamal Ahmed Yousef 
Published: March 2011

Background: The objective of this study is to evaluate β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) blended clot adhesion to EDTA‐conditioned root surfaces.Methods: Sixty patients with chronic periodontitis and two teeth designated for extraction were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into six groups (G1 to G6; 10 patients in each). In G1, intrabony defects were grafted with β‐TCP with a particle size ranging from 150 to 500 μm. In G2, intrabony defects were grafted with β‐TCP with a particle size ranging from 63 to 150 μm. Roots in G3 were etched for 2 minutes with a neutral EDTA, followed by defect overfill of the β‐TCP used for G1. Defects of G4 were treated by the same method as in G3, except the EDTA gel application was 4 minutes. Roots in G5 and G6 were etched for 2 and 4 minutes, respectively, followed by the defect fill with β‐TCP used for G2. For each patient, one tooth was extracted immediately after surgery and the other tooth was extracted at 14 days for scanning electron microscopy evaluation.Results: Fourteen days after surgery, the G1 and G2 samples revealed undetected graft particles. The G3 samples showed areas of adherent β‐TCP particles covering about 42.5%. The G4 samples showed 53.7% graft material coverage. The G5 and G6 samples had adherent grafted particles that covered 77.9% and 82.7%, respectively.Conclusion: Root conditioning with EDTA gel improves β‐TCP blended clot adhesion to periodontally involved root surfaces.
Assessment of Morbidity After Periodontal Resective Surgery
Authors: López Anna , Nart José , Santos Antonio , Alcázar Jordi , Freixa Oscar 
Published: March 2011

Background: The goal of this study is to evaluate morbidity after periodontal surgery and to compare postoperative morbidity of male and female patients treated by experienced periodontists to patients treated by postgraduate (PG) periodontal students.Methods: A total of 271 patients underwent resective periodontal surgery. Of them, 122 patients were treated by PG periodontal students and 149 patients were treated by experienced periodontists. One week after surgery a questionnaire was given to the patients to rate postoperative pain, swelling, thermal sensitivity, and bleeding. Tactile sensitivity was evaluated in terms of presence or absence. Data were analyzed statistically by applying the analysis of variance test for comparison of the values of bleeding and the Student t test for comparing pain, swelling, tenderness to percussion, and thermal sensitivity.Results: Postoperative bleeding did not show statistically significant differences between surgeries performed by PG periodontal students and experienced periodontists. There were statistically significant differences in contact sensitivity, thermal sensitivity, edema, and pain between surgeries performed by PG periodontal students and experienced periodontists. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative morbidity between male and female patients.Conclusions: Morbidity after resective periodontal surgery is low. Patients treated by experienced periodontists had lower postoperative morbidity than patients treated by PG periodontal students. There were no differences in morbidity between male and female patients.
Detection and Clonal Analysis of Anaerobic Bacteria Associated to Endodontic‐Periodontal Lesions
Authors: Pereira Cássio V. , Stipp Rafael N. , Fonseca Douglas C. , Pereira Luciano J. , Höfling José F. 
Published: March 2011

Background: Microbial agents in root canal systems can induce periodontal inflammation. The aims of this study are to detect anaerobic microorganisms in endodontic‐periodontal lesions, determine the genetic diversity among them, and assess the simultaneous colonization of the pulp and periodontal microenvironments by a single clone.Methods: Twenty‐seven teeth of patients with endodontic‐periodontal lesions were selected. Samples were spread on an agar‐blood medium, the detection of each species was performed using a polymerase chain reaction, and the determination of the simultaneous presence of the same species in the microenvironments by one or more clones was determined using arbitrarily primed PCR.Results: Prevotella intermedia (Pi) was the most prevalent species of the colonies in periodontal pockets, whereas Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Pi were the more prevalent in root canals. Isolates of Pi and Pg were simultaneously identified in root canals and periodontal pockets. Eighteen percent of teeth exhibited the simultaneous colonization by Pg, Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), and Porphyromonas endodontalis in the pulp and periodontal microenvironments. The presence of these species was noted even in niches from which no colonies were isolated. Seventeen different genotypes were found in periodontal and pulp sites, with the majority of sites colonized by one or two different genotypes. A high degree of genotype similarity was found for samples of Pg isolated from only one site as well as for those isolated from both microenvironments.Conclusion: Different clones of Pi and Pg with a high intraspecific genotype similarity were found to colonize the same anatomic sites in endodontic‐periodontal infections.
Formation-Damage Evaluation From Nonlinear Skin Growth During Coreflooding
Authors: Bedrikovetsky P.. , Vaz A.S.L.. S.L. , Furtado C.. , de Souza A.L.S.. L.S. 
Published: March 2011

Summary
Injectivity decline of oilfield injection wells is a widespread phenomenon during seawater/produced-water injection. The decline may result in significant cost increase of the waterflooding project. Reliable modeling-based prediction of injectivity-index decrease is important for waterflood design as well as for the planning of preventive injected-water treatment. One of the reasons for well injectivity decline is permeability decrease caused by rock plugging by solid/liquid particles suspended in the injected water.
The mathematical model for deep-bed filtration contains two empirical functions: the filtration coefficient and the formation-damage coefficient. These empirical coefficients must be determined from laboratory coreflood tests by forcing water with particles to flow through the core samples. A routine laboratory method determines the filtration coefficient from expensive and difficult particle-concentration measurements at the core effluent; then, the formation-damage coefficient is determined from inexpensive and simple pressure-drop measurements. An alternative three-point-pressure method uses pressure data at an intermediate point of the core, supplementing pressure measurements at the core inlet and outlet. The method provides unique and stable values for constant-filtration and formation-damage coefficients.
In the current work, we consider a more complex case in which both coefficients are linear functions of retained-particle concentration. In this case, the model is fully determined by four constants. The three-point-pressure method furnishes unique values for the four model parameters. A new semianalytical model for axisymmetric suspension filtration was developed to predict well-injectivity decline from the linear coreflood data with pressure measurements in three core points.
CO2/Brine Surface Dissolution and Injection: CO2 Storage Enhancement
Authors: Eke Paul Emeka , Naylor Mark , Haszeldine Stuart , Curtis Andrew 
Published: March 2011

Summary
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is capable of reducing atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases from coal or gas-fired power plants. The upward buoyancy of dense-phase carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep reservoirs means that sites need to be chosen with a methodology that carefully evaluates details of performance during and after the injection process. Standard methods of site evaluation for saline aquifers overwhelmingly focus on the aspects of geological containment and monitorability. Also important to storage-site performance is the engineering design of transport and injection. Transport to storage in offshore saline aquifers is normally expected to be by pipeline. There are several proposed methods of CO2 injection: for example, as a dense phase, in the liquid or supercritical phase, as water-alternating-gas cycles, or as carbonated brine. These result in different migration pathways in the aquifer during the short term (1 to 50 years) and different storage distributions in the long term (1,000 to 10,000 years). To develop a methodology suitable for making informed decisions for aquifers offshore of the UK, several of these different methods are being evaluated. A chemical-engineering and reservoir-engineering approach will be used to define some of the important surface-transport and subsurface interactions. Important surface features may include the energy balance, location, sizing, materials specification, and costing of surface equipment for mixing and transporting CO2.
How To Prevent Loss of Zonal Isolation Through a Comprehensive Analysis of Microannulus Formation
Authors: Bois A.-P.. -P. , Garnier A.. , Rodot F.. , Saint-Marc J.. , Aimard N.. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryMicroannuli at the well cement-sheath interfaces may result in loss of zonal isolation, which is the source of many problems, such as sustainable annular pressures, crossflows between reservoirs, and undesirable flow behind the casing. The microannuli are commonly explained by variations in cement volume during hydration (chemical shrinkage/expansion) or by contraction of the casing because of a decrease in mud density/temperature because these could create a gap if the cement is unable to follow the induced deformations. However, these two modes are not sufficient to predict all possible types of microannuli encountered in oil and gas wells, meaning that other modes have been missed.This paper presents a comprehensive mechanistic analysis of microannulus formation to highlight and explain other modes and to detail the conditions under which they can appear. It is grounded in both theoretical and experimental evidence and takes into account most of the features that characterize cement after it has been placed, including cement volume variations and heat production during hydration, mud-density and temperature variations, cement thermo-poro-elasto-plastic behavior during and after hydration, thermo-poro-elasto-plastic behavior of the formation, and initial state of stress in the formation.