bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quick, simple and unbiased method to quantify C2C12 myogenic differentiation
Authors: Veliça Pedro , Bunce Chris M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction: C2C12 myoblasts undergo in vitro myogenesis to form protein‐rich multinucleated myotubes. Determining the fraction of total nuclei incorporated into myotubes is a commonly used method to quantify the extent of differentiation, but it is labor‐intensive and susceptible to operator bias. Methods: We have developed a simple method to quantify myotube formation using micrographs of Jenner–Giemsa‐stained C2C12 cultures. Because myotubes are darkly stained by Jenner–Giemsa dyes, the extent of myotube formation correlates with an increase in pixels attributed to the darkest tones. Thus, image histograms were obtained from photographs using ImageJ software, and the sum of the darkest tones was used as a measure of myotube density. Results: Measurements of myotube density mirrored those of fusion index during C2C12 differentiation and after treatment with prostaglandin D2, an inhibitor of C2C12 myogenesis. Conclusions: We propose this inexpensive, quick, and unbiased method to quantify C2C12 differentiation as a complement of the fusion index analysis. Muscle Nerve 44: 366–370, 2011
A novel modulation strategy to increase stimulation duration in neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Authors: Downey Ryan J. , Bellman Matthew , Sharma Nitin , Wang Qiang , Gregory Chris M. , Dixon Warren E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been shown to be an effective treatment for muscular dysfunction. Yet, a fundamental barrier to NMES treatments is the rapid onset of muscle fatigue. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of feedback‐based frequency modulation on the closed‐loop performance of the quadriceps during repeated dynamic contractions. Methods: In the first experiment, subjects completed four different frequency modulation NMES protocols utilizing the same amplitude modulation control to compare the successful run times (SRTs). A second experiment was performed to determine the change in muscle response to high‐ and low‐frequency stimulation. Results: Compared with constant‐frequency stimulation, results indicate that using an error‐driven strategy to vary the stimulation frequency during amplitude modulation increases the number of successful contractions during non‐isometric conditions. Conclusion: Simultaneous frequency and amplitude modulation increases the SRT during closed‐loop NMES control. Muscle Nerve 44: 382–387, 2011
Shear wave propagation along infinite slopes: A theoretically based numerical study
Authors: di Prisco C. , Pastor M. , Pisanò F. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, the seismic response of ‘infinitely’ long slopes is numerically analysed via the formulation of a 1D analytical/numerical model, in which the soil mechanical behaviour is assumed to be elasto‐perfectly viscoplastic and simple shear (SS) kinematical constraints are imposed. In order to simplify the problem, a theoretically based procedure to set up a fully 1D shear constitutive model is defined, within which the mechanical response of a multiaxial relationship is condensed. The use of a 1D shear constitutive model is aimed at reducing the number of unknowns and, therefore, the computational costs. In particular, the case of the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion is considered, while an enhanced Taylor–Galerkin finite element algorithm is employed to simulate the seismic wave propagation within the soil stratum.The proposed ‘condensation’/calibration procedure captures both the ‘pseudo’‐hardening pre‐failure behaviour and the influence of dilation on the occurrence of strain‐localization, which characterize, under SS conditions, the static response of virgin perfectly plastic soils. The effectiveness of the conceived method is shown with reference to freshly deposited deposits, while, in the case of highly overconsolidated strata, some difficulties arise because of the brittle behaviour induced both by unloading and non‐associativeness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stabilized meshfree reproducing kernel‐based method for convection–diffusion problems
Authors: Colin F. , Egli R. , Mounim A. Serghini 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a meshfree particle‐based method for convection–diffusion problems. Discretization is performed by using piecewise constant kernels. The stabilized scheme is based on a new upwind kernel. We show that accurate and stable scheme can be obtained by using purpose‐built kernels. It also shown that under some conditions the classical optimal finite difference scheme can be derived by the new method. Several numerical tests validate the method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐scale approximation of the Schur complement and its use for non‐intrusive coupling
Authors: Gendre L. , Allix O. , Gosselet P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a two‐scale approximation of the Schur complement of a subdomain's stiffness matrix, obtained by combining local (i.e. element strips) and global (i.e. homogenized) contributions. This approximation is used in the context of a coupling strategy that is designed to embed local plasticity and geometric details into a small region of a large linear elastic structure; the strategy consists in creating a local model that contains the desired features of the concerned region and then substituting it into the global problem by the means of a non‐intrusive solver coupling technique adapted from domain decomposition methods. Using the two‐scale approximation of the Schur complement as a Robin condition on the local model enables to reach high efficiency. Examples include a large 3D problem provided by our industrial partner Snecma. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical outcome after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children with malignancies
Authors: Parbhoo Deena M , Tiedemann Karin , Catto‐Smith Anthony G 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies (PEG) are little‐used in pediatric oncology. We evaluated complications and efficacy of PEGs in children with malignancies in a retrospective case series. Outcome measures were infection and weight gain. Sixteen PEGs were inserted in 14 patients (mean age 10.3 years; SD 5.6). Sixteen wound infections occurred in nine children (3.7 episodes/1,000 days). Mean weight‐for‐age z‐score fell from diagnosis to PEG placement (−0.68 (SD 1.2) to −1.32 (SD 1.26); P < 0.001) but stabilized afterward. Two (12%) were removed early. PEG placement reversed early weight loss and infectious complications did not usually lead to early PEG removal. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1146–1148. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and 131I‐MIBG semi‐quantitative scores in predicting survival in patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Naranjo Arlene , Parisi Marguerite T. , Shulkin Barry L. , London Wendy B. , Matthay Katherine K. , Kreissman Susan G. , Yanik Gregory A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scans are preferable to 131I‐MIBG for neuroblastoma imaging as they deliver less patient radiation yet have greater sensitivity in disease detection. Both 123I‐MIBG and 131I‐MIBG scans were used for disease assessments of neuroblastoma patients enrolled on Children's Oncology Group (COG) high‐risk study A3973. The hypothesis was that 123I‐MIBG and 131I‐MIBG scans were sufficiently similar for clinical purposes in terms of ability to predict survival.ProcedurePatients enrolled on COG A3973 with stage 4 disease who completed 123I‐MIBG or 131I‐MIBG scans at diagnosis, post‐induction, post‐transplant, or post‐biotherapy were analyzed. The performance of the Curie score for each MIBG scan type in predicting survival was evaluated. At each time point, survival curves for 123I‐MIBG versus 131I‐MIBG were compared using the log‐rank test.ResultsOf the 413 patients on A3973 with at least one MIBG scan, 350 were stage 4. The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 33.4 ± 3.6% and 45.6 ± 4.0% (N = 350). At post‐induction, EFS (P = 0.3501) and OS (P = 0.5337) for 123I‐MIBG versus 131I‐MIBG were not significantly different. Similarly, comparisons at the three other time points were non‐significant.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of a statistically significant difference in outcome by type of scan. For future survival analyses of MIBG Curie scores, 123I‐MIBG and 131I‐MIBG results may be combined and analyzed overall, without adjustment for scan type. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1041–1045. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving outcomes for high‐risk ALL: Translating new discoveries into clinical care
Authors: Hunger Stephen P. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Loh Mignon L. , Mullighan Charles G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHigh‐risk (HR) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains one of the greatest challenges in pediatric oncology. Relapsed ALL is a leading cause of death in young people, and further improvements in outcome will required the development of therapeutic approaches directed against rational therapeutic targets, as escalation of the intensity of existing therapies is limited by toxicity. This review summarizes advances in the biology and treatment of HR and relapsed ALL presented at a symposium at the 2010 American Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Annual Meeting. Analysis of large patient cohorts has identified several factors associated with HR of relapse including older age, T‐lineage disease, and persisting minimal residual disease (MRD) early in therapy. As the results of salvage therapy remain poor, new treatment approaches are needed. BCR‐ABL1‐positive (Ph+) ALL has historically had a very poor outcome, but recent studies have demonstrated the impressive improvements in treatment outcome with the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). High‐resolution genomic profiling of genetic alterations and gene expression has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic basis of ALL, and has identified several alterations associated with poor outcome, including mutations of the lymphoid transcription factor gene IKZF1 (IKAROS), activating mutations of Janus kinases, and rearrangement of the lymphoid cytokine receptor gene CRLF2. These data indicated that the genetic basis of HR‐ALL is multifactorial, and have also provided a new potential therapeutic option directed at JAK inhibition. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:984–993. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of pelvic kidneys
Authors: Batukan C. , Yuksel A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of pelvic kidneys during prenatal sonographic examinations in the second and third trimesters and to examine postnatal outcome.MethodsPrenatal sonographic findings and postnatal follow‐up data of fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of pelvic kidneys were analyzed. Routine (n = 10 079) and indicated (n = 17 732) second and third trimester scans were performed in 27 811 fetuses. A pelvic kidney was defined as one located within the fetal bony pelvis and in close approximation to the bladder. Postnatal evaluation consisted of renal ultrasound and/or dimercapto‐succinic acid scan.ResultsA total of 36 newborns with postnatally confirmed pelvic kidneys were included in this analysis. Median gestational age at diagnosis was 25 weeks; half (18/36) were recognized after 24 weeks. The prevalence of pelvic kidneys in this cohort was 0.14%. Postnatally impaired renal function was present in 33% of the pelvic kidneys of children, but overall renal function remained normal. No serious complications occurred in the 31 fetuses with long‐term follow‐up, except in 1 case, which required nephrectomy due to multicystic dysplasia of the pelvic kidney.ConclusionPelvic kidneys are common and can be easily detected prenatally. Prognosis is favorable in the vast majority of the cases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Socio‐economic factors and outcomes in chronic lung disease of prematurity
Authors: Collaco J. Michael , Choi SeEun Jennifer , Riekert Kristin A. , Eakin Michelle N. , McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A. , Okelo Sande O. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRationaleInfants and children with chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLDP) are at increased risk for respiratory morbidities. We sought to determine (1) whether socio‐economic status, race/ethnicity, and/or sex are risk factors for respiratory morbidities and (2) whether disparities in care existed for major therapy decisions such as home supplemental oxygen and gastrostomy tubes as well as initial length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsBetween January 2008 and February 2010 sociodemographic and respiratory morbidity data were collected on premature (<32 weeks gestation) infants and children (<3 years old) with CLDP. Associations between risk factors and respiratory morbidities and treatment parameters were examined using adjusted regression models.ResultsData were collected on 135 subjects (gestational age: 26.2 ± 2.0 weeks). Self‐reported non‐Whites were more likely to report rescue medication use in the past 7 days [adjusted OR: 2.87 (1.28–6.45), P = 0.011] and the use of systemic steroids for respiratory symptoms since the last clinic visit [adjusted OR: 2.12 (1.02–4.43), P = 0.045]. Lower median household income was associated with increased activity limitations [adjusted OR: 2.79 (1.16–6.70), P = 0.022] and public insurance coverage was associated with a decreased risk for hospitalizations [adjusted OR: 0.36 (0.13–0.98), P = 0.045]. Major therapy decisions were not associated with disparities of care.ConclusionsA key finding was that non‐Whites were more likely to report rescue medication and systemic steroid use than Whites, but there was no difference in the frequency of respiratory symptoms or preventative inhaled corticosteroid use. Etiologies for these findings remain unclear and require further research. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:709–716. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoluminescence of samples produced by electroless wet chemical etching: Between silicon nanowires and porous structures
Authors: Voigt Felix , Sivakov Vladimir , Gerliz Viktor , Bauer Gottfried H. , Hoffmann Björn , Radnoczi Gyorgy Z. , Pecz Bela , Christiansen Silke 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSamples containing silicon nanowires (Si‐NWs) and highly porous structures (P‐Si) were prepared by electroless wet chemical etching (EWCE) of crystalline silicon wafers using various etching parameters. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed with excitation at 488 nm and a photon energy flux of 337 mW cm−2. According to the diameters of the Si‐NWs (>10 nm), from quantum confinement (QC) theory no shift in PL peak energy compared to the bandgap of crystalline silicon is expected. However, PL measurements show peak emission energies ranging between 1.4 and 1.6 eV. After further treatment of the samples with HF, substantial PL emission was still detectable with the measured PL peak pinned at 1.4 eV irrespective of etching time. We explain the observations by the hypothesis that the persistent part of PL emission is generated by nanocrystals located at the rough sidewalls of the Si‐NWs or residing within the porous sample structure. The part of the PL, which was present before HF treatment, but vanished after the treatment, is attributed to the presence of silicon suboxide surrounding the Si‐NWs or covering other Si surfaces. This hypothesis is explored by means of three sample series, prepared with different preparation parameters. In the first series the time used during the initial metallization step in order to prepare an Ag nanoparticle layer on the top surface was varied, in the second series the etching time was the changed parameter and in the third series the HF to H2O2 concentration ratio was varied.magnified image
Strong visible orange colored PL of a sample produced by EWCE starting from a heavily doped wafer (n‐type c‐Si (111), As as dopant) and excited at 337 nm (the sample was mounted on a glass substrate. Blue luminescence is due to the substrate).
Optimal designs of the multivariate synthetic chart for monitoring the process mean vector based on median run length
Authors: Khoo Michael B. C. , Wong V. H. , Wu Zhang , Castagliola Philippe 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe average run length (ARL) is usually used as a sole measure of performance of a multivariate control chart. The Hotelling's T2, multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) and multivariate cumulative sum (MCUSUM) charts are commonly optimally designed based on the ARL. Similar to the case of univariate quality control, in multivariate quality control, the shape of the run length distribution changes in accordance to the magnitude of the shift in the mean vector, from highly skewed when the process is in‐control to nearly symmetric for large shifts. Because the shape of the run length distribution changes with the magnitude of the shift in the mean vector, the median run length (MRL) provides additional and more meaningful information about the in‐control and out‐of‐control performances of multivariate charts, not given by the ARL. This paper provides a procedure for optimal designs of the multivariate synthetic T2 chart for the process mean, based on MRL, for both the zero and steady‐state modes. Two Mathematica programs, each for the zero state and steady‐state modes are given for a quick computation of the optimal parameters of the synthetic T2 chart, designed based on MRL. These optimal parameters are provided in the paper, for the bivariate case with sample sizes, nin{4, 7, 10}. The MRL performances of the synthetic T2, MEWMA and Hotelling's T2 charts are also compared. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communication‐based performance bounds in nonlinear coordinated control
Authors: Powel Nathan D. , Morgansen Kristi A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe work in this paper addresses the performance characteristics of a group of autonomous vehicles utilizing coordinated motion control. The vehicle dynamics correspond to planar unicycle systems with constant forward speed and heading control, and the coordination is implemented via phase‐coupled oscillation, such as Kuramoto oscillators. We provide bounds on vehicle transient behavior in terms of maximal displacement from nominal and relation of those bounds to communication bandwidth and energy. Results are demonstrated in simulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐photon fluorescence and second‐harmonic generation imaging of collagen in human tissue based on multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Jiang Xingshan , Zhong Jiazhao , Liu Yuchun , Yu Haibo , Zhuo Shuangmu , Chen Jianxin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMultiphoton microscopic imaging of collagen plays an important role in noninvasive diagnoses of human tissue. In this study, two‐photon fluorescence and second‐harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of collagen in human skin dermis and submucosa of colon and stomach tissues were investigated based on multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Our results show that multiphoton microscopic image of collagen bundles exhibits apparently different pattern in human tissues. The collagen bundles can simultaneously reveal its SHG and two‐photon excited fluorescence images in the submucosa of colon and stomach, whereas it solely emit SHG signal in skin dermis. The intensity spectral information from tissues further demonstrated the above results. This indicates that collagen bundles have completely different space arrangement in these tissues. Our experimental results bring more detailed information of collagen for the application of MPM in human noninvasive imaging. SCANNING 33: 53–56, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
User identification and anonymization in 802.11 wireless LANs
Authors: Xu Dingbang , Wang Yu , Shi Xinghua , Yin Xiaohang 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTPrivacy issues have been a serious concern for 802.11 Wireless LAN users. Prior research on privacy issues usually focuses on pseudonym techniques, where the unique, consistent explicit identifiers such as MAC addresses from the users can be frequently changed, and thus it is challenging to track users through those always changing identifiers. However, recent research done by Pang et al. (Pang et al. Proceedings of the 13th Annual ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 1997; 99–110) has demonstrated that pseudonyms are not adequate to protect user privacy. The key idea of Pang et al.'s method is to locate implicit identifiers (e.g., IP addresses and port numbers a user frequently visits), build user behavior patterns based on these implicit identifiers, and then apply classification techniques to identify users. In this paper, we first propose a new 802.11 user identification approach through enhanced feature selection and generation for building more accurate user behavior patterns. Our simulation results on 9.27 GB SIGCOMM 2004 wireless data sets demonstrate that our method can achieve better classification rates compared with Pang et al.'s method. Then, we further study how to provide user anonymity, even if implicit identifiers based identification is applied, by introducing a set of 802.11 user anonymization approaches based on bogus traffic injection. We propose eight different methods to artificially generate bogus data and inject them into original traffic, and thus users' behavior patterns are disturbed. Our simulation results on the same SIGCOMM 2004 data sets demonstrate that our anonymization methods can efficiently decrease user identification rates and hence improve user anonymity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and control stratagems of flash disk virus dynamic propagation model
Authors: Jin Cong , Wang Xiao‐Yan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractComputer virus mainly contain two kinds: network viruses and flash disk (FD) viruses, we name viruses as FD‐virus which spread by the latter way. Many researchers have studied the network virus in light with epidemiology such as susceptible‐infected‐susceptible, susceptible‐infected‐recovered, susceptible‐exposed‐infective‐recovered (SEIR) and susceptible‐infectious‐detected‐removed, but there are few studies on FD virus propagation. In this paper, a new dynamic propagation model of FD‐virus, namely FD‐SEIR, is discussed. Unlike other existing computer virus propagation models, FD‐SEIR mainly considers the FD‐virus propagation between host and FD, which is embodied by introducing the FD state and new propagation rate. Furthermore, several related dynamics properties are investigated, along with the analysis of how to control the FD‐virus prevalence based on the equilibrium stability. The simulation results show that the proposed model can serve as a basis for understanding and simulating FD‐virus epidemics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.