bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISCIPLINE, PHILOSOPHY, AND HISTORY
Authors: ZAMMITO JOHN 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTGorman proposes to investigate historical practice under the rubric of a philosophy of disciplines. Such philosophy must first “recover historically” the self‐constitution of the discipline in order then to appraise its procedures for warranting claims. Gorman's concept of discipline would have profited from consulting the substantial body of empirical research and theory regarding disciplinarity, and his “historical recovery” of the discipline of history leaves a lot to be desired. These insufficiencies vitiate the interesting arguments he has to offer concerning the question of the truth‐claims of whole historical accounts. A better reconstruction of disciplinarity might also have provided him with stronger rejoinders to the postmodern challenge to historical practice that he sees himself called to rebut.
CONFUSING HISTORY
Authors: WILLIAMS ROBERT C. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis compendium of fifty essays by international philosophers examines history from the point of view of its cognate disciplines, historiography and the philosophy of history. The authors often use the terms history, the past, and historiography interchangeably. Essays are grouped in four broad categories: basic problems, major fields, philosophy and sub‐fields of historiography, and classical schools and philosophers of history. The book provides useful insights, some dated by the fashion of postmodernism. The essays are largely independent of one another, and may be read in any order. The volume will be of interest to philosophers, historians, and social scientists with a theoretical bent.
Development of a Consumer Environmental Index and Results for Washington State Consumers
Authors: Morris Jeffrey , Matthews H. Scott 
Published: May 2010

SummaryConsumer choices affect sustainability of societal systems, and state governments increasingly are interested in environmental impacts of consumption. This article describes a Consumer Environmental Index (CEI) to track the impacts of product purchase, use, and disposal and applies this initial CEI to Washington State in the United States. CEI has modules for product and service use, upstream resource extraction and manufacturing, and downstream disposal. CEI uses hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) methods, combined with purchasing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Consumer Expenditure Survey.For Washington State, when human health and ecosystem toxicity impact was assessed with the TRACI/CalTOX methods, weighted aggregate and per consumer impacts in all categories increased during the 6 years from 2000 to 2005. For impacts per real dollar spent, only the CEI's climate change component declined, falling nearly 7% between 2000 and 2005.Purchasing details in the BLS expenditure surveys enable the CEI to track environmental impact details on 700 individual categories of products and services. For example, sugar, motor oil, and wood heat appear to have serious environmental impacts, whereas recycling of paper, cardboard, and food and beverage container discards can be as effective at reducing greenhouse gas emissions as cutting vehicle fuel usage nearly in half. Such results may serve to increase understanding of environmentally effective actions to reduce climate, human health, and ecosystem impacts of consumption.
Temporal Diversity Patterns and Phenology in Fruit‐feeding Butterflies in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Ribeiro Danilo Bandini , Prado Paulo I. , Brown Jr. Keith S. , Freitas André V. L. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe Atlantic Forest deserves special attention due to its high level of species endemism and degree of threat. As in other tropical biomes, there is little information about the ecology of the organisms that occur there. The objectives of this study were to verify how fruit‐feeding butterflies are distributed through time, and the relation with meteorological conditions. Species richness and Shannon index were partitioned additively at the monthly level, and β diversity, used as a hierarchical measure of temporal species turnover, was calculated among months, trimesters, and semesters. Circular analysis was used to verify how butterflies are distributed along seasons and its relation with meteorological conditions. We sampled 6488 individuals of 73 species. Temporal diversity of butterflies was more grouped than expected by chance among the months of each trimester. Circular analyses revealed that diversity is concentrated in hot months (September–March), with the subfamily Brassolinae strongly concentrated in February–March. Average temperature was correlated with total abundance of butterflies, abundance of Biblidinae, Brassolinae and Morphinae, and richness of Satyrinae. The present results show that 3 mo of sampling between September and March is enough to produce a nonbiased sample of the local assemblage of butterflies, containing at least 70 percent of the richness and 25 percent of abundance. The influence of temperature on sampling is probably related to butterfly physiology. Moreover, temperature affects resource availability for larvae and adults, which is higher in hot months. The difference in seasonality patterns among subfamilies is probably a consequence of different evolutionary pressures through time.
Senescence‐Inducible Expression of Isopentenyl Transferase Extends Leaf Life, Increases Drought Stress Resistance and Alters Cytokinin Metabolism in Cassava
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Wen‐Quan , Zhang Gen‐Liang , Kaminek Miroslav , Dobrev Petre , Xu Jia , Gruissem Wilhelm 
Published: May 2010

Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) sheds its leaves during growth, especially within the tropical dry season. With the production of SAG12‐IPT transgenic cassava we want to test the level of leaf retention and altered cytokinin metabolism of transgenic plants via the autoregulatory senescence inhibition system. After confirmation of transgene expression by molecular analysis and phenotype examination in greenhouse plants, two transgenic plant lines, 529‐28 and 529‐48, were chosen for further investigation. Detached mature leaves of 529‐28 plants retained high levels of chlorophyll compared with wild‐type leaves after dark‐induced senescence treatment. Line 529‐28 showed significant drought tolerance as indicated by stay‐green capacity after drought stress treatment. Field experiments proved that leaf senescence syndrome was significantly delayed in 529‐28 plants in comparison with wild‐type and 529‐48 plants. Physiological and agronomical characterizations of these plants also revealed that the induced expression of IPT had effects on photosynthesis, sugar allocation and nitrogen partitioning. Importantly, the 529‐28 plants accumulated a high level of trans‐zeatin‐type cytokinins particularly of corresponding storage O‐glucosides to maintain cytokinin homeostasis. Our study proves the feasibility of prolonging the leaf life of woody cassava and also sheds light on the control of cytokinin homeostasis in cassava leaves.
Outcomes from the work of Registered Nurses working with older people in UK care homes
Authors: Heath Hazel 
Published: May 2010

heath h. (2010) Outcomes from the work of Registered Nurses working with older people in UK care homes. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 116–127Aims and objectives.  This research sought to illuminate the distinct contributions made by Registered Nurses (RNs) and Care Assistants (CAs) to outcomes for older people in UK (nursing) care homes and to identify the outcomes of their work. This paper reports on aspects relevant to RNs.Background.  Older people living in long‐term residential care settings around the world are among the most vulnerable individuals within their communities and those with the most complex needs. Nursing has historically been fundamental in the delivery of these services but, in some countries, the role of Registered Nurses in residential care is coming under increasing scrutiny, particularly in the context of escalating costs and funding restrictions, a questioning of the need for a 24‐hour ‘health’ professional presence in a ‘social care’ service and a lack of evidence on the distinct contribution that RNs make to outcomes in these settings.Design.  A multi‐method qualitative interpretive approach, adopting a structure–process–outcome framework and grounded in the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans‐Georg Gadamer (2003).Methods.  For Phase 1 of the study, RNs and CAs from care homes around the UK contributed examples of their work, which they identified as having made a ‘significant’ difference to older individuals. Phase 2 comprised researcher fieldwork (observations, interviews and documentary analysis) in three care homes around UK. Research participants included RNs, CAs, older residents, relatives, home managers and professionals working in the homes.Results.  RN roles in care homes are broad and multifaceted. Distinct outcomes of RN work are consequent to their caring and their knowledge and skills developed through broad experience in a range of healthcare settings. Outcomes for residents from RN work include enhanced personhood and wellbeing, improved health and function, the prevention of problems/adverse outcomes and enhanced quality of life. RN outcomes have positive impact on relatives, staff and the homes in general.Conclusions.  There is potential to reconsider the broad, ‘anything and everything’ nature of the RN role in care homes identified in the research. However, given the complex healthcare needs of the current resident population, the 24‐hour RN presence is deemed essential.
Constructions of dignity: a pre‐requisite for flourishing in the workplace?
Authors: Joan Yalden B. , McCormack Brendan 
Published: May 2010

yalden b.j. & mccormack b. (2010) Constructions of dignity: a pre‐requisite for flourishing in the workplace? International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 137–147Aims.  To explore the relationship between nurses’ understanding of dignity and how it is enhanced and developed in their practice environment.Background.  Dignity is a ubiquitous concept in an era of healthcare reform yet is referred to almost exclusively in terms of the quality of care delivered to support the experience of the patient rather than the caregivers engaged in the relationships of care. This article focuses on dignity in the professional life of nurses in aged care.Method.  This is part of a doctoral study of the implementation of a palliative approach in residential aged care using emancipatory practice development methodology. Constructions of dignity were co‐created with participants through creative reflective activities and subsequently analysed using reflexive methods and data from other sources within the study.Results.  Constructions of dignity and subsequent actions taken by nurses on their own behalf to articulate their experiences of transforming practice are interconnected with dignity enhancing relationships and emancipatory ways of working in practice development.Conclusions.  Dignity enhancing ways of working in an active learning group and workplace have been interlinked with actions that promote person‐centredness in developing a palliative approach to care.
The use of life story work with people with dementia to enhance person‐centred care
Authors: McKeown Jane , Clarke Amanda , Ingleton Christine , Ryan Tony , Repper Julie 
Published: May 2010

mckeown j., clarke a., ingleton c., ryan t. & repper j. (2010) The use of life story work with people with dementia to enhance person‐centred care. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 148–158Background.  Person‐centred care has been linked with quality of care but difficulties remain in person‐centred care being implemented in care practice. This study explores the use of life story work to enhance person‐centred care with people with dementia.Aims and objectives.  The study investigates how life story work is: understood and developed in practice; experienced by all participants and affects the delivery and outcomes of care.Design and methods.  The experience of older people with dementia, family carers and care staff in using life story work was explored within an NHS Health and Social Care Trust. A multiple case study design was adopted within a constructivist approach. Semi‐structured interviews, observation, conversations were employed.Findings.  Life story work has the potential to: enable care staff to see the person behind the patient; allow family carers to uphold their relatives’ personhood; enable the voice of the person with dementia to be heard, verbally and non‐verbally; be enjoyable for all concerned and enable the person with dementia to feel proud about themselves and their lives.Conclusion and implications for practice.  Life story work has the potential to enhance person‐centred care for older people with dementia and their families. Taking a practice development approach ensures that life story work can be implemented sensitively and is sustained in practice.
Using drama to improve person‐centred dementia care
Authors: Kontos Pia C. , Mitchell Gail J. , Mistry Bhavnita , Ballon Bruce 
Published: May 2010

kontos p.c., mitchell g.j., mistry b. & ballon b. (2010) Using drama to improve person‐centred dementia care. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 159–168Aims and objectives.  We implemented a 12‐week drama‐based educational intervention to introduce to dementia practitioners person‐centred care that emphasizes the notion of embodied selfhood (defined as non‐verbal self‐expression).Background.  Person‐centred dementia care guidelines emphasize the assessment of individual needs, and where appropriate, the use of non‐pharmacological interventions before resorting to pharmacological management. However, dementia care is not consistent with these guidelines suggesting conceptual limitations and reliance on passive knowledge translation strategies.Design and methods.  Focus groups and semi‐structured interviews with practitioners (n = 24) in two nursing homes in central Canada were undertaken to assess the effectiveness of the drama‐based components of the intervention.Results.  Our findings suggest that drama was effective as an educational modality, and helped implement the person‐centred approach into practice. Significant practice outcomes included: new awareness that residents’ body movements and dispositions can convey meaning; seeking biographical information from families; increased time efficiency; and supporting residents’ independence.Conclusions.  Our findings make an important contribution to person‐centred dementia care by broadening the notion of personhood, and by facilitating implementation using drama.Implications for practice.  As an enhancement of person‐centred care, the support of embodied selfhood may significantly improve residents’ quality of life, quality of care, and practitioners’ care‐giving experience.
Evaluation of the Dietary Toxic Level of Selenium (Se) in Juvenile Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus
Authors: Lee Seunghyung , Lee Jun‐Ho , Bai Sungchul C. , Hung Silas S. O. 
Published: May 2010

A 10‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the dietary toxic level of selenium (Se) in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish averaging 5.0 ± 0.1 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the seven semipurified diets containing 0.61, 4.13, 7.38, 18.6, 35.9, 66.0, and 146 mg Se/kg (Se0.61, Se4.13, Se7.38, Se18.6, Se35.9, Se66.0, and Se146, respectively) in the form of selenomethionine (SeMet) for 10 wks. At the end of the 10‐wk feeding trial, fish fed diets containing more than 35.9 mg Se/kg showed 100% mortality, and fish fed Se18.6 diet showed significantly higher mortality than did fish fed Se0.61, Se4.13, and Se7.38 diets. There was no significant difference in mortality among fish fed Se0.61, Se4.13, and Se7.38 diets during the experimental period. The mortality of fish fed Se66.0 and Se146 diets were significantly increased as compared with fish fed other diets at the end of 2nd wk of the feeding trial, and the mortality of fish fed Se35.9, Se66.0, and Se146 diets was 100% at the end of 6th wk of the feeding trial. Fish fed Se7.38 and Se18.6 diets showed significantly lower weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than did fish fed Se0.61 diet. Fish fed Se4.13 and Se7.38 diets for 10 wks showed no significant differences in WG, FE, SGR, and PER. The pattern of Se accumulation in the gill, kidney, muscle, and liver tissues was dose dependent, except that the kidney tissue of fish fed diets containing more than 7.38 mg Se/kg reached a plateau. Histopathological lesions in the kidney were only observed in fish fed a diet that contained more than 7.38 mg Se/kg. These results indicated that a dietary Se level above 7.38 mg Se/kg is likely toxic, and with a long‐term feeding trial, a dietary Se level of 4.13 mg Se/kg may cause toxic effects in juvenile olive flounder.
β‐Catenin regulates melanocyte dendricity through the modulation of PKCζ and PKCδ
Authors: Kim Jin‐Hwa , Sohn Kyung‐Cheol , Choi Tae‐Young , Kim Mi Yoon , Ando Hideya , Choi Sun Ja , Kim Sooil , Lee Young Ho , Lee Jeung‐Hoon , Kim Chang Deok , Yoon Tae‐Jin 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is involved in the melanocyte differentiation and melanoma development. However, the effect of β‐catenin for dendrite formation has not been clearly elucidated yet in normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEM). To investigate the effect of β‐catenin, we transduced NHEM with recombinant adenovirus expressing β‐catenin. Forced expression of β‐catenin led to the dramatic morphological changes of NHEM, including the reduction of dendrite length and enlargement of cell body. Concomitantly with, the protein levels for dendrite formation‐related molecules, such as Rac1 and Cdc42, were markedly decreased. In addition, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was significantly reduced by β‐catenin, potentiating its inhibitory role for dendrite formation. Interestingly, overexpression of β‐catenin led to the increase of protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) level, while protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) was decreased by β‐catenin, suggesting that those PKCs were β‐catenin‐downstream modulators in NHMC. When PKCζ was overexpressed, dendrites were shortened, with the reduced protein levels for Rac1 and Cdc42. In contrast, PKCδ overexpression led to the elongation of dendrites, with the increased levels for Rac1 and Cdc42. These results suggest that β‐catenin play an inhibitory role for dendrite formation through the modulation of PKCζ and PKCδ.
Inhibition of p38 MAPK enhances ABT‐737‐induced cell death in melanoma cell lines: novel regulation of PUMA
Authors: Keuling Angela M. , Andrew Susan E. , Tron Victor A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is constitutively activated in the majority of melanomas, promoting cell survival, proliferation and migration. In addition, anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins Mcl‐1, Bcl‐xL and Bcl‐2 are frequently overexpressed, contributing to melanoma’s well‐documented chemoresistance. Recently, it was reported that the combination of MAPK pathway inhibition by specific MEK inhibitors and Bcl‐2 family inhibition by BH3‐mimetic ABT‐737 synergistically induces apoptotic cell death in melanoma cell lines. Here we provide the first evidence that inhibition of another key MAPK, p38, synergistically induces apoptosis in melanoma cells in combination with ABT‐737. We also provide novel mechanistic data demonstrating that inhibition of p38 increases expression of pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein PUMA. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PUMA can be cleaved by a caspase‐dependent mechanism during apoptosis and identify what appears to be the PUMA cleavage product. Thus, our findings suggest that the combination of ABT‐737 and inhibition of p38 is a promising, new treatment strategy that acts through a novel PUMA‐dependent mechanism.
Establishment of new clonal pancreatic β‐cell lines (MIN6‐K) useful for study of incretin/cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling
Authors: Iwasaki Masahiro , Minami Kohtaro , Shibasaki Tadao , Miki Takashi , Miyazaki Jun‐ichi , Seino Susumu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIncretin/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling is critical for potentiation of insulin secretion. Although several cell lines of pancreatic β‐cells are currently available, there are no cell lines suitable for investigation of incretin/cAMP signaling. In the present study, we have newly established pancreatic β‐cell lines (named MIN6‐K) from the IT6 mouse, which develops insulinoma. MIN6‐K8 cells respond to both glucose and incretins, such as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), as is the case in pancreatic islets, whereas MIN6‐K20 cells respond to glucose, but not to incretins. Despite the difference in incretin‐potentiated insulin secretion between these two cell lines, the accumulation of cAMP after stimulation of GLP‐1 is comparable in these cells. Interestingly, we also found that incretin responsiveness is drastically induced by the formation of pseudoislets from MIN6‐K20 cells to a level comparable to that of pancreatic islets. Thus, these cell lines are useful for studying incretin/cAMP signaling in β‐cells. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2010.00026.x, 2010)
Practical aspects of equine parasite control: A review based upon a workshop discussion consensus
Authors: NIELSEN M. K. , FRITZEN B. , DUNCAN J. L. , GUILLOT J. , EYSKER M. , DORCHIES P. , LAUGIER C. , BEUGNET F. , MEANA A. , LUSSOT‐KERVERN I. , Von SAMSON‐HIMMELSTJERNA G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDevelopment of resistance of several important equine parasites to most of the available anthelmintic drug classes has led to a reconsideration of parasite control strategies in many equine establishments. Routine prophylactic treatments based on simple calendar‐based schemes are no longer reliable and veterinary equine clinicians are increasingly seeking advice and guidance on more sustainable approaches to equine parasite control. Most techniques for the detection of equine helminth parasites are based on faecal analysis and very few tests have been developed as diagnostic tests for resistance. Recently, some molecular and in vitro based diagnostic assays have been developed and have shown promise, but none of these are currently available for veterinary practice. Presently, the only reliable method for the detection of anthelmintic resistance is a simple faecal egg count reduction test, and clinicians are urged to perform such tests on a regular basis. The key to managing anthelmintic resistance is maintaining parasite refugia and this concept is discussed in relation to treatment strategies, drug rotations and pasture management. It is concluded that treatment strategies need to change and more reliance should now be placed on surveillance of parasite burdens and regular drug efficacy tests are also recommended to ensure continuing drug efficacy. The present review is based upon discussions held at an equine parasite workshop arranged by the French Equine Veterinary Association (Association Vétérinaire Equine Française, AVEF) in Reims, France, in October 2008.