bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiaxis multilayered non-interlaced/non-Z E-glass/polyester preform and analysis of tensile properties of composite structures by statistical model
Authors: Bilisik Kadir , Yilmaz Banu 
Published: September 2011

In this study, non-interlaced/non-Z single layer and multilayered uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxis preform structures were developed to produce E-glass/polyester composite structures. The data generated from the tensile tests of the composite structures were analyzed by using a regression model. We found that the tensile strength of the E-glass/polyester structures depended on yarn orientation and the number of layers. It was also indicated that the tensile properties of the composite structures were proportional to their total fiber volume fractions. If all the E-glass/polyester structures are made with the same preform packing density, the structures made from coarse fiber show high tensile strength, compared to structures made from fine fiber, due to high fiber volume fraction. All structures showed mode-I type delamination failure which occurred in the out-of-plane direction as a form of interlayer splitting parallel to the applied tensile load direction. Local interlayer failures were observed between warp/warp in uniaxial structures, warp/filling in biaxial structures, and bias/bias and bias/filling in multiaxis structures due to the non-Z yarn reinforcement. The developed regression model was considered as a suitable and viable tool to predict the tensile properties of the composite structures.
Associations between lipid levels and migraine: Cross-sectional analysis in the Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing Study
Authors: Rist Pamela M , Tzourio Christophe , Kurth Tobias 
Published: September 2011

Background: Migraine with aura has been associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including elevated levels of some vascular biomarkers. However, little research has been done on this association among the elderly. We examined the associations of lipid levels with headache and migraine in a cohort of elderly individuals. Methods: Cross-sectional study among 1155 participants enrolled in the Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing Study with available information on headache and blood biomarkers. We used multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the association between biomarker tertiles and headache categories. Results: 925 people had no severe headache, 64 people had non-migraine headache and 166 people had migraine, of whom 23 had aura. Compared with participants without headache, we observed strong associations between increasing tertiles of total cholesterol and migraine with aura. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 4.67 (0.99–21.97) for the 2nd tertile and 5.97 (1.29–27.61) for the 3rd tertile. We also found strong associations between triglycerides and migraine with aura (odds ratio for 3rd tertile: 4.42 (1.32–14.77)). We did not see significant associations between increased biomarker levels and any other headache group. Conclusions: Elevated levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides are associated with migraine with aura but not other headache forms in the elderly.
In vitro antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of bismuth doped micro-arc oxidized titanium
Authors: Lin Dan-Jae , Tsai Ming-Tzu , Shieh Tzong-Ming , Huang Heng-Li , Hsu Jui-Ting , Ko Yi-Chun , Fuh Lih-Jyh 
Published: September 2011

Chemical manipulations of the implant surface produce a bactericidal feature to prevent infections around dental implants. Despite the successful use of bismuth against mucosal and dermis infections, the antibacterial effect of bismuth in the oral cavity remains under investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of bismuth compounds against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Staphylococcus mutans, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and to investigate the antimicrobial effects of bismuth doped micro-arc oxidation (MAO) titanium via an agar diffusion test. Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization level of MG63 osteoblast-like cells seeded on the coatings were evaluated at 1, 7, and 14 days. The results demonstrate that bismuth nitrate possess superior antibacterial activity when compared with bismuth acetate, bismuth subgallate, and silver nitrate. The bismuth doped MAO coating (contained 6.2 atomic percentage bismuth) had good biological affinities to the MG63 cells and showed a higher antibacterial efficacy against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and MRSA, where the reduction rates of colony numbers is higher than that of the control group by 1.5 and 1.9 times, respectively. These in vitro evaluations demonstrate that titanium implants with bismuth on the surface may be useful for better infection control.
Deformation and mechanical analyses of silo foil tube
Authors: Fenyvesi L , Bellus Z , Csorba L , Csatár A 
Published: September 2011

This research represents one piece of the modern storage and conservation technology, where the fermentation and the long-life conservation of the product have been realized through filling it into plastic tubes. The previously made investigations in the literature are basically dealing with the technical applicability of various machinery and facilities; therefore, this research focused on the conservation technology and the geometric and mechanic analyses of filled foil tubes. The mechanical and deformation investigations of the foil tubes filled with winter barley were carried out in our laboratory as well as on the field. The most important static features of the foil samples were determined in our laboratory and all other properties were field-tested to promote our further deformation calculations. The change in the cross-section of a foil tube was analysed through an elliptic line fitted on the measurement points. The radius of the osculating circle was calculated at discrete points in time; furthermore, the cross-strain of a given foil was measured, too, which helped us to determine the specific strain and stress values close to the above measurement points. After the radii of the osculating circles fitted on some chosen measurement points were determined, the filling load under the foil shell could have been calculated. The partial rheological analysis of the filled foil tubes at this point seemed to be the most effective.
Subcooled boiling heat transfer modelling for internal combustion engine applications
Authors: Li Z , Huang R-H , Wang Z-W 
Published: September 2011

Any boiling-based strategy in developing cooling systems of internal combustion (IC) engines requires an accurate prediction of coolant-side heat transfer. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation incorporating subcooled boiling models is an effective approach for such analyses. However, most of the existing models are developed in some special flow and boiling conditions differing from that in IC engines, which inevitably leads to great discrepancies when they are directly applied to CFD analyses inside IC engine cooling galleries. A modified model with adjustable parameters is proposed based on the division description method in this paper. The predicted heat fluxes by different boiling models are compared against experimental data obtained in a cooling gallery simulator passage. The results indicate that a higher precision can be obtained by the modified model in predicting the boiling heat flux over a wide range of operating conditions as long as the parameters are accurately corrected. The performance of the modified model for practical IC engine applications is further assessed and the results show that the computational error is effectively reduced due to the incorporation of the modified model in the conjugate heat transfer simulation of the cylinder head and cylinder head cooling gallery.
Contracture of the Third Toe as a Delayed Presentation of a Foreign Body in the Foot
Authors: Dar Tahir Ahmed , Sultan Asif , Hussain Shahid , Dhar Shabir Ahmed , Ali Murtaza Fazal 
Published: September 2011

Foreign body retention in the foot after a penetrating injury is an unusual occurrence with varied presentation. A degree of suspicion needs to be present in situations where there is an inexplicable swelling, sinus, abscess, or tenderness. The authors present a case with a contracture of the third toe that had been caused by plantar fascial fibrosis secondary to retention of a rubber foreign body in the foot. This case report highlights the fact that an ultrasound to rule out retention of the foreign body might be a judicious investigation if common causes of toe contracture are excluded. It may also have therapeutic implications. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Correlation of MRI Edema and Clinical Outcomes Following Microfracture of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Cuttica Daniel J. , Shockley Joel A. , Hyer Christopher F. , Berlet Gregory C. 
Published: September 2011

Background. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an accurate, noninvasive method used to assess healing of osteochondral lesions postoperatively. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the presence of postoperative edema on MRI following osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) drilling and to correlate MRI findings with clinical outcome. Materials and Methods. A retrospective chart and MRI review was performed on all OLTs treated by arthroscopic drilling or microfracture. A musculoskeletal radiologist reviewed MRIs performed at a minimum of 9 months postoperatively and the amount of edema present at OLT drilling site was graded. MRI findings were correlated with clinical outcome. Results. A total of 29 patients with 30 OLTs were included. The average patient age at the time of surgery was 31.9 years (range = 13-52 years, SD = 11.87). The average time from arthroscopic drilling to MRI was 81.47 weeks (range 36-242 weeks, SD = 51.31). The intensity of edema was classified as none, mild, moderate, or severe based on MRI findings. Those patients with a moderate or severe edema intensity had inferior clinical outcomes (P = .011). Conclusion. The presence of edema on MRI following drilling of OLTs may be a valuable predictor of clinical outcome, with those patients with greater edema intensity having inferior clinical outcomes. Level of Evidence: Prognostic, Level II
Ankle Impingement Syndromes
Authors: Hess Gregory William 
Published: September 2011

Ankle injuries are common occurrences in athletics involving and requiring extreme ranges of motion. Ankle sprains specifically occur with a 1 in 10 000 person rate in active individuals each day. If trauma is repetitive, the ankle structures have potential to experience secondary injury and dysfunction. Included in this category of dysfunction are both anterior and posterior ankle impingement syndromes where disruption of the bony structures, joint capsule, ligaments, and tendons typically occurs. Ankle impingement is described as ankle pain that occurs during athletic activity, with recurrent, extreme dorsiflexion or plantar flexion with the joint under a load. Ankle impingements can be classified according to what structures become involved both anteriorly and posteriorly. Osseous impingement, soft tissue impingement, impingement of the distal fascicle of anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, and meniscoid lesions are all documented causes of ankle impingement. These changes tend to be brought about and exacerbated by extreme ranges of motion. Understanding various impingement types will better enable the clinician to prevent, identify, treat, and rehabilitate affected ankles. Acknowledging activities that predispose to ankle impingement syndrome will enhance prevention and recovery processes. Description of ankle impingement etiology and pathology is the objective of the current review. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Are Metatarsal Fractures Indicative of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women?
Authors: Bridges Matthew J. , Ruddick Sheila 
Published: September 2011

Patients who sustain low trauma fractures are at a higher risk of osteoporosis. However, there are conflicting data concerning whether metatarsal fractures are also associated with low bone mineral density. The authors retrospectively analyzed data on 68 postmenopausal women who had sustained a low trauma metatarsal fracture. Routine assessment of these patients included identification of risk factors for fracture, height and weight measurement, and measurement of peripheral bone density at the heel by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Calscan, Demetech AB, Täby, Sweden). Bone density in the patients was compared with manufacturer’s reference database. The mean Z-score for the patients was −0.08. In total, 14 women (20.5% [confidence interval 10.5 to 29.5]) had a Z-score ≤−1, and 1 patient (1.5% [confidence interval −1.4 to 4.4]) had a Z-score ≤−2. Mean T-score in these women was −1.95. Since the number of women with a Z-score ≤−1 was not significantly greater than the 16% that would be expected, and the number of women with a Z-score ≤−2 was not significantly greater than the 2.5% expected, it is concluded that low trauma metatarsal fracture is not a risk factor for low calcaneal bone mineral density. Level of Evidence: Prognostic, Level II
Measurement of Mid-Calcaneal Length on Plain Radiographs
Authors: Dayton Paul , Wienke Jeffrey C. , Prins Dustin B. , Haulard Jean Paul , Feilmeier Mindi J. , Wiarda Christy 
Published: September 2011

The authors present a new method to reliably measure the length of the mid-portion of the calcaneus. The authors defined the “mid-calcaneal length” as the line connecting the high point of the convex arc of the posterior subtalar joint facet and the low point of the concave arc of the calcaneocuboid joint. Statistical analysis of 810 measurements taken by 6 observers confirmed high intraobserver reliability, interobserver reliability, and internal consistency (Cronbach coefficient α = .98) and low error rate (Pearson correlation coefficient = .0001). The authors have used this measurement as a tool to determine the change in calcaneal length after osteotomy lengthening procedures and present it as a tool for clinical practice and research. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic, Level III
A User-Friendly Method of Pin Site Management for External Fixators
Authors: Dayton Paul , Prins Dustin B. , Hensley Nathan , Wienke Jeffrey 
Published: September 2011

Pin tract inflammation and/or infection are common with the use of external fixation devices. Pin sites need to be managed to help prevent complications. There are a variety of regimens proposed for pin care in the literature. The authors present an efficient and simplified approach for addressing pin care protocol using cord locks with the use of compression sponges for external fixation devices. This method obviates the need for extensive bandaging and makes pin care easy for the patient to carry out. A brief review of the current evidence on pin care is presented, and an evidence-based pin care protocol is presented. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level V
Solitary Navicular Metastasis of a Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Iselin Lukas D. , Symeonidis Panagiotis D. , Stavrou Peter 
Published: September 2011

The authors present a case of a 62-year-old male with a symptomatic isolated midfoot metastasis as the first clinical presentation of a primary pulmonary tumor. In this case of a metastatic adenocarcinoma, the lesion leading to diagnosis was located in the foot. The poor outcome and the sparse relevant literature are presented in brief. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Isolated Medial Cuneiform Fractures
Authors: Guler Ferhat , Baz Ali Bulent , Turan Adil , Kose Ozkan , Akalin Serdar 
Published: September 2011

Although fractures of the midfoot are common, cuneiform fractures are rarely seen. These fractures are frequently associated with other fractures of the midfoot such as Lisfranc fracture-dislocations. However, isolated cuneiform fractures are extremely rare, with few cases reported in the relevant literature. Herein, the authors report 2 cases of isolated medial cuneiform fractures. One of the patients was treated with headless screw fixation due to displacement in fracture configuration, and the other was treated conservatively. Fractures were united without any complication in both patients. In this report, the authors discuss the mechanism of injury, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options of isolated medial cuneiform fractures. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Associated Intra-articular Ankle Pathologies in Patients With Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: Arthroscopic Findings at the Time of Lateral Ankle Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Jake , Hamilton Graham , Ford Lawrence 
Published: September 2011

Chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) can be a debilitating condition. The literature has shown that it is also associated with a number of intra-articular pathologies of the ankle. Some argue that if unaddressed, these intra-articular pathologies can predispose patients to osteoarthritis. Previous studies of patients who underwent prelateral stabilization ankle arthroscopy have shown a high number of pathologies, including osteochondral lesions of the talus. Purpose: The current study reviewed a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with CLAI who underwent ankle arthroscopy followed by a modified Brostrom-Gould procedure to validate the previous studies. Methods: Intraoperative reports on 28 ankles in 28 consecutive patients were reviewed from 2004 to 2008. Result: All 28 ankles (100%) demonstrated varying degrees of synovitis. Talar cartilage fibrillation was observed in 7 patients (25%), and talar dome cartilage defect was visualized in 4 patients (14%). Talar dome osteochondral defect was seen in 2 patients (7%), loose bodies were found in 3 patients (11%), Bassett’s lesion was seen in 2 patients (7%), and anterolateral impingement was seen in 4 patients (14%). Distal anterior tibial osteophytosis was seen in 4 patients (14%). Conclusion: This study confirms the high number of intra-articular pathologies in association with CLAI. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Wound Complications With Posterior Midline and Posterior Medial Leg Incisions
Authors: Highlander Peter , Greenhagen Robert M. 
Published: September 2011

There is no consensus on the optimal incisional approach at the posterior leg to avoid wound healing complications. The purpose of this systematic review is to report and compare complication rates associated with two common incisions used to approach the Achilles tendon in order to provide additional recommendations for optimal incision placement. Materials and Methods. Four electronic databases were searched using keywords for procedures using posterior leg incisions. A total of 8724 studies were analyzed and subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Once inclusion criteria were met, each article was placed in 1 of 2 groups based on incision placement: midline (group 1) or posterior medial (group 2). Study format, patient demographics, surgical indication and other details, and wound complications were recorded. The data obtained was reviewed for trends between the two groups. Results. 38 articles met the inclusion criteria. Seven articles used the midline approach (group 1) whereas 31 articles used the posterior medial incision (group 2). The 38 articles included 1287 patients, of whom 25.6% were female with an average age of 43.9 years. Group 1 included 142 patients and group 2 had 1145 patients. The total wound complication rate among all reports was determined to be 8.2%, with 7.0% and 8.3% between groups 1 and 2, respectively. Discussion. Although incision placement may influence wound healing complications, it appears that additional factors such as advanced age, delay in surgical intervention, gender, comorbid conditions, prior surgery, and postoperative protocols also play a role. This report suggests that a midline approach is no less precarious in avoidance of wound complications regardless of patient demographics or other surgical details in comparison with a posterior medial incision. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Subungual Exostosis of the Great Toe
Authors: Singh Roop , Jain Mantu , Goel Rakesh , Siwach Ramchander , Kalra Rajneesh , Kaur Kiranpreet 
Published: September 2011

Subungual exostosis is an acquired, benign, and solitary bone tumor of the distal phalanx occurring beneath or adjacent to nail. A 18-year-old man presented with a lump, ulceration, and pain on his right big toe. This complaint was present for the past 2 years. Initially, lump and pain were present, and since the past 6 months ulceration and superadded infection occurred. Plain radiograph showed a calcified lesion that was continuous with the phalangeal cortical surface in the distal dorsal aspect of the big toe. Excisional biopsy with complete nail removal and reconstruction of the tip of the toe were done. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of subungual exostosis. Clinical or radiological recurrence was not observed after 26 months of follow-up. The case is reported to present the tumor overview and to highlight that the diagnosis of this benign lesion should not be missed. Clinical and radiological features allow early diagnosis and treatment thus preventing the lesion to progress to the stage of onycholysis. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Accessory Flexor Digitorum Longus Presenting as Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Saar William E. , Bell Jennifer 
Published: September 2011

The flexor digitorum accessory longus (FDAL) muscle is one of the most commonly encountered anomalous muscles in the foot and ankle. Literature has documented the prevalence of the FDAL anywhere from 4% to 12%, based on cadaveric limb dissection. The variability of the origin, insertion, size, and location of the FDAL muscle can cause a wide array of foot and ankle pathologies, most notably, tarsal tunnel syndrome and flexor hallucis longus syndrome. Accessory musculature should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for foot and ankle pain until proven otherwise. This report presents a patient who exhibited pain localized to the medial malleolar region and was initially diagnosed with likely tarsal tunnel syndrome. On magnetic resonance imaging, a FDAL muscle was identified and shown to be impinging on the posterior medial anatomic structures. The patient underwent excision of the FDAL and is symptom free to date. The discussion of this case report can prompt foot and ankle surgeons to be more aware of this infrequent finding as well as treatment options. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Combining Dissimilar Metals in Orthopaedic Implants: Revisited
Authors: Zartman Kevin C. , Berlet Gregory C. , Hyer Christopher F. , Woodard Joseph R. 
Published: September 2011

The use of metals as implant materials has become common practice in the field of orthopaedics. A wide variety of conditions are treated with metallic implants, and designers have used an assortment of materials to meet the unique mechanical demands of each application. The majority of implants used today, whether pins, plates, screws, or total joints, are made of cobalt-chrome alloy, stainless steel, or titanium. Common metallurgic wisdom cautions against bonding dissimilar metals in a biologically active environment. Surgeons have therefore shied away from combining dissimilar metal implants because of the fear of inciting corrosion that could potentially compromise the implants and lead to aseptic loosening, implant failure, or adverse biological reaction in host tissue. As surgical reconstruction and arthroplasty options expand with the advent of newer implants and expanded operative techniques, the orthopaedic surgeon will increasingly be faced with weighing the risks and benefits of combining implants made of dissimilar metals in a patient. Here, the authors examine the origins of the concern over using mixed metals, discuss mechanisms of corrosion as they relate to surgical implants, and review both in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the most common combinations of dissimilar metals in order to guide the surgeon in choosing implants. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV