bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The consumer psychology of brands
Authors: Schmitt Bernd 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article presents a consumer‐psychology model of brands that integrates empirical studies and individual constructs (such as brand categorization, brand affect, brand personality, brand symbolism and brand attachment, among others) into a comprehensive framework. The model distinguishes three levels of consumer engagement (object‐centered, self‐centered and social) and five processes (identifying, experiencing, integrating, signifying and connecting). Pertinent psychological constructs and empirical findings are presented for the constructs within each process. The article concludes with research ideas to test the model using both standard and consumer‐neuroscience methods.
Comparing the M-position with some classical positions of convex bodies
Authors: MARKESSINIS E. , PAOURIS G. , SAROGLOU CH. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to compare some classical positions of convex bodies. We provide exact quantitative results which show that the minimal surface area position and the minimal mean width position are not necessarily M-positions. We also construct examples of unconditional convex bodies of minimal surface area that exhibit the worst possible behavior with respect to their mean width or their minimal hyperplane projection.
The effects of allostatic load on neural systems subserving motivation, mood regulation, and social affiliation
Authors: Beauchaine Theodore P. , Neuhaus Emily , Zalewski Maureen , Crowell Sheila E. , Potapova Natalia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe term allostasis, which is defined as stability through change, has been invoked repeatedly by developmental psychopathologists to describe long-lasting and in some cases permanent functional alterations in limbic–hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis responding following recurrent and/or prolonged exposure to stress. Increasingly, allostatic load models have also been invoked to describe psychological sequelae of abuse, neglect, and other forms of maltreatment. In contrast, neural adaptations to stress, including those incurred by monoamine systems implicated in (a) mood and emotion regulation, (b) behavioral approach, and (c) social affiliation and attachment, are usually not included in models of allostasis. Rather, structural and functional alterations in these systems, which are exquisitely sensitive to prolonged stress exposure, are usually explained as stress mediators, neural plasticity, and/or programming effects. Considering these mechanisms as distinct from allostasis is somewhat artificial given overlapping functions and intricate coregulation of monoamines and the limbic–hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. It also fractionates literatures that should be mutually informative. In this article, we describe structural and functional alterations in serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic neural systems following both acute and prolonged exposure to stress. Through increases in behavioral impulsivity, trait anxiety, mood and emotion dysregulation, and asociality, alterations in monoamine functioning have profound effects on personality, attachment relationships, and the emergence of psychopathology.
Allostasis model facilitates understanding race differences in the diurnal cortisol rhythm
Authors: Skinner Martie L. , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Haggerty Kevin P. , Coe Christopher L. , Catalano Richard F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe concept of allostasis suggests that greater cumulative stress burden can influence stress-responsive physiology. Dysregulation of allostatic mediators, including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, is thought to precede many other signs of age-related pathology as the persistent burden of stressors accumulates over the individual's life span. We predicted that even in young adulthood, HPA regulation would differ between Blacks and Whites, reflecting, in part, higher rates of stressor exposure and greater potential for stressors to “get under the skin.” We examined whether stressor exposure, including experiences with racism and discrimination, explained race differences in waking cortisol and the diurnal rhythm. We also examined whether HPA functioning was associated with mental health outcomes previously linked to cortisol. Salivary cortisol was assayed in 275 young adults (127 Blacks, 148 Whites, 19 to 22 years old), four times a day across 3 days. Hierarchical linear models revealed flatter slopes for Blacks, reflecting significantly lower waking and higher bedtime cortisol levels compared to Whites. Associations of HPA functioning with stressors were typically more robust for Whites such that more stress exposure created an HPA profile that resembled that of Black young adults. For Blacks, greater stressor exposure did not further impact HPA functioning, or, when significant, was often associated with higher cortisol levels. Across both races, flatter slopes generally indicated greater HPA dysregulation and were associated with poor mental health outcomes. These differential effects were more robust for Whites. These findings support an allostatic model in which social contextual factors influence normal biorhythms, even as early as young adulthood.
Child maltreatment and allostatic load: Consequences for physical and mental health in children from low-income families
Authors: Rogosch Fred A. , Dackis Melissa N. , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: October 2011

AbstractChild maltreatment and biomarkers of allostatic load were investigated in relation to child health problems and psychological symptomatology. Participants attended a summer research day camp and included 137 maltreated and 110 nonmaltreated low-income children, who were aged 8 to 10 years (M= 9.42) and racially and ethnically diverse; 52% were male. Measurements obtained included salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandosterone, body mass index, waist–hip ratio, and blood pressure; these indicators provided a composite index of allostatic load. Child self-report and camp adult-rater reports of child symptomatology were obtained; mothers provided information on health problems. The results indicated that higher allostatic load and child maltreatment status independently predicted poorer health outcomes and greater behavior problems. Moderation effects indicated that allostatic load was related to somatic complaints, attention problems, and thought problems only among maltreated children. Risks associated with high waist–hip ratio, low morning cortisol, and high morning dehydroepiandosterone also were related to depressive symptoms only for maltreated children. The results support an allostatic load conceptualization of the impact of high environmental stress and child abuse and neglect on child health and behavioral outcomes and have important implications for long-term physical and mental health.
Follow-up of rheumatic carditis treated with steroids
Authors: Herdy Gesmar V. H. , Gomes Rafael S. , Silva Anna E. A. , Silva Leandro S. , Lopes Vânia G. S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo present the long-term follow-up of children hospitalised for severe rheumatic carditis who were treated with corticosteroids.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the outcome of 242 patients with severe rheumatic carditis after discharge from two public hospitals in Niteroi, Brazil. We followed up 118 patients for 4 years or more, with an average of 7.7 years. They were treated with antibiotics to accomplish bacterial eradication and either intravenous methylprednisolone – 40 cases – or oral prednisone – 78 patients – to treat carditis. They were followed up in outpatient clinic.ResultsCardiac failure was categorised as classes III and IV according to the New York Heart Association classification. In the intravenous corticosteroid group, 21 cases (52.5%) had isolated mitral valve regurgitation, 12 (30%) had mitral plus aortic involvement, and seven (17.5%) had aortic lesion only. In the oral prednisone group, 45 (58%) had mitral valve regurgitation only, 27 (34%) had mitral plus aortic involvement, and six (8%) had aortic lesion only. A total of 28 children were in their first disease attack, of whom 19 (68%) had a rupture of chordae tendineae. A total of 58 patients (49%) sustained recurrence of carditis because of neglected secondary prophylaxis. In all, 19 cases (16%) underwent cardiac surgery – valve replacement or valvuloplasty. In 33% of the cases, the outcome was favourable – asymptomatic at follow-up. The overall mortality rate was 6.8%.ConclusionMany critically ill patients who complied with secondary prophylaxis were left with minor injuries, whereas those who neglected it or abandoned it had serious sequelae. The rate of abandonment and loss to follow-up was very high. Many cases (49%) were re-hospitalised because of carditis recurrence.
SYMMETRIC SOLUTIONS FOR TWO-BODY DYNAMICS IN A COLLISION PREVENTION MODEL
Authors: GATES DAVID J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper presents the first analytical solutions for the three-dimensional motion of two idealized mobiles controlled by a particular guidance law designed to avoid a collision with minimal path deviation. The mobiles can be regarded as particles, and guidance can be interpreted as complex forces of interaction between the particles. The motion is then a generalized form of two-body Newtonian dynamics. If the mobiles have equal speeds, the relative motion is determined through various transformations of the differential equations. Solvability relies on congruence and symmetries of the paths, which is exploited to reduce the original twelve first-order differential equations to three first-order equations for the relative motion. The resulting state space is partitioned into five invariant subsets, with various symmetries and stabilities. One of these sets describes planar motion, where simple explicit solutions are given. In nonplanar motion, the solution is formally reduced to quadrature. A numerical calculation gives the separation at the closest point of approach, which provides control over minimum separation. The results should be of interest because of their application, which includes, most importantly, the prevention of midair collisions between aircraft, but also potential application to land, water and space vehicles. The solutions should be of interest to mathematical specialists in dynamical systems, because of some novel constants of the motion, novel symmetries, and the associated reducibility of the equations.
The (proper) microfoundations of routines and capabilities: a response to Winter, Pentland, Hodgson and Knudsen
Authors: FELIN TEPPO , FOSS NICOLAI J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:Sidney Winter (2011), Brian Pentland (2011), and Geoffrey Hodgson and Thorbjørn Knudsen (2011) take issue with the arguments in Teppo Felin and Nicolai J. Foss (2011), along with more generally critiquing the ‘microfoundations project’ related to routines and capabilities. In this rejoinder we argue that the responses of our critics reinforce a number of the points stated in our writings on the routines and capabilities literature. In response to their many points we address the following key issues in the debate: (1) lack of construct clarity; (2) universal mechanisms or comparative chauvinism; (3) models of mind and man; (4) levels of analysis; (5) agency and uncaused causes; and then further discuss (6) a rationalist alternative.
Wide band via-less transition from FG-CBCPW to microstrip
Authors: Singh Kamaljeet , Nagachenchaiah Kunapareddy 
Published: October 2011

A novel wideband transition from finite ground-conductor backed-CPW (FG-CB-CPW) to microstrip has been demonstrated in 8–23 GHz band. Proposed transition provides a very low-loss alterative to microstrip/coplanar lines at higher frequencies. Simulated results are detailed for both alumina and silicon substrates. Simulated results are validated on alumina substrate providing more than 100% bandwidth with maximum insertion loss of around 1.5 dB in the targeted frequency range. Comparison of the results along with design procedures is detailed in this article.
Analog-type millimeter-wave phase shifters based on MEMS tunable high-impedance surface and dielectric rod waveguide
Authors: Chicherin Dmitry , Sterner Mikael , Lioubtchenko Dmitri , Oberhammer Joachim , Räisänen Antti V. 
Published: October 2011

Millimeter-wave phase shifters are important components for a wide scope of applications. An analog-type phase shifter for W-band has been designed, analyzed, fabricated, and measured. The phase shifter consists of a reconfigurable high-impedance surface (HIS) controlled by micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) varactors and placed adjacent to a silicon dielectric rod waveguide. The analog-type phase shift in the range of 0–32° is observed at 75 GHz whereas applying bias voltage from 0 to 40 V to the MEMS varactors. The insertion loss of the MEMS tunable HIS is between 1.7 and 5 dB, depending on the frequency.
Lattice thermal conductivity of lower mantle minerals and heat flux from Earth’s core
Authors: Manthilake Geeth M. , de Koker Nico , Frost Dan J. , McCammon Catherine A. 
Published: October 2011

The amount of heat flowing from Earth’s core critically determines the thermo-chemical evolution of both the core and the lower mantle. Consisting primarily of a polycrystalline aggregate of silicate perovskite and ferropericlase, the thermal boundary layer at the very base of Earth’s lower mantle regulates the heat flow from the core, so that the thermal conductivity (
k
) of these mineral phases controls the amount of heat entering the lowermost mantle. Here we report measurements of the lattice thermal conductivity of pure, Al-, and Fe-bearing MgSiO
3
perovskite at 26 GPa up to 1,073 K, and of ferropericlase containing 0, 5, and 20% Fe, at 8 and 14 GPa up to 1,273 K. We find the incorporation of these elements in silicate perovskite and ferropericlase to result in a ∼50% decrease of lattice thermal conductivity relative to the end member compositions. A model of thermal conductivity constrained from our results indicates that a peridotitic mantle would have
k
= 9.1 ± 1.2 W/m K at the top of the thermal boundary layer and
k
= 8.4 ± 1.2 W/m K at its base. These values translate into a heat flux of 11.0 ± 1.4 terawatts (TW) from Earth’s core, a range of values consistent with a variety of geophysical estimates.
Comparison between multiple sets and half‐pyramid resistance exercise bouts for muscle damage profile
Authors: Charro Mario A. , Aoki Marcelo S. , Nosaka Kazunori , Foschini Denis , Figueira Aylton , Bacurau Reury F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe present study compared the changes in markers of muscle damage after bouts of resistance exercise employing the Multiple‐sets (MS) and Half‐pyramid (HP) training systems. Ten healthy men (26.1±6.3 years), who had been involved in regular resistance training, performed MS and HP bouts, 14 days apart, in a randomised, counter‐balanced manner. For the MS bout, participants performed three sets of maximum repetitions at 75%‐1RM (i.e. 75% of a One Repetition Maximum) for the three exercises, starting with the bench press, followed by pec deck and decline bench press. For the HP bout, the participants performed three sets of maximum repetitions with 67%‐1RM, 74%‐1RM and 80%‐1RM for the first, second and third sets, respectively, for the same three exercise sequences as the MS bout. The total volume of load lifted was equated between both bouts. Muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, myoglobin (Mb) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were assessed before and for three days after each exercise bout, and the changes over time were compared between MS and HP using two‐way repeated measures ANOVA. Muscle soreness developed significantly (P<0.01) after both bouts, but no significant difference was observed between MS and HP. Plasma CK activity and Mb concentration increased significantly (P<0.01) without significant differences between bouts, and CRP concentration did not change significantly after either bout. These results suggest that the muscle damage profile is similar for MS and HP, probably due to the similar total volume of load lifted.
Global changes in gene expression of grapefruit peel tissue in response to the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola
Authors: HERSHKOVITZ VERA , BEN‐DAYAN CLARITA , RAPHAEL GINAT , PASMANIK‐CHOR METSADA , LIU JIA , BELAUSOV EDUARD , ALY RADI , WISNIEWSKI MICHAEL , DROBY SAMIR 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYTo gain a better understanding of the molecular changes taking place in citrus fruit tissue following the application of the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola, microarray analysis was performed on grapefruit surface wounds using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. Using a cut‐off of P < 0.05 and a 1.5‐fold change difference as biologically significant, the data indicated that 1007 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes following wounding and yeast application relative to wounded controls. Microarray results of selected genes were validated by reverse transcription‐quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The data indicated that yeast application induced the expression of the genes encoding Respiratory burst oxidase (Rbo), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), G‐proteins, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and 4‐coumarate‐CoA ligase (4CL). In contrast, three genes, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were down‐regulated in grapefruit peel tissue treated with yeast cells. Moreover, suppression was correlated with significantly higher levels of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical production in yeast‐treated surface wounds. Interestingly, large amounts of hydrogen peroxide were detected inside yeast cells recovered from wounded fruit tissue, indicating the ability of the yeast to activate reactive oxygen species when it is in contact with plant tissue. This study provides the first global picture of gene expression changes in grapefruit in response to the yeast antagonist M. fructicola.
Developing tools to unravel the biological secrets of Rosellinia necatrix, an emergent threat to woody crops
Authors: PLIEGO CLARA , LÓPEZ‐HERRERA CARLOS , RAMOS CAYO , CAZORLA FRANCISCO M. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYWhite root rot caused by Rosellinia necatrix is one of the most destructive diseases of many woody plants in the temperate regions of the world, particularly in Europe and Asia. Recent outbreaks of R. necatrix around the globe have increased the interest in this pathogen. Although the ecology of the disease has been poorly studied, recent genetic and molecular advances have opened the way for future detailed studies of this fungus.Taxonomy: Rosellinia necatrix Prilleux. Kingdom Fungi; subdivision Ascomycotina; class Euascomycetes; subclass Pyrenomycetes; order Sphaeriales, syn. Xylariales; family Xylariaceae; genus Rosellinia.Identification: Fungal mycelium is present on root surfaces and under the bark, forming mycelium fans, strands or cords. A typical presence of pear‐shaped or pyriform swellings can be found above the hyphal septum (with diameters of up to 13 µm). Sclerotia are black, hard and spherical nodules, several millimetres in diameter. Black sclerotia crusts may also form on roots. On synthetic media, it forms microsclerotia: irregular rough bodies composed of a compact mass of melanized, interwoven hyphae with no differentiated cells. Chlamydospores are almost spherical (15 µm in diameter). Synnemata, also named coremia (0.5–1.5 mm in length), can be formed from sclerotia or from mycelial masses. Conidia (3–5 µm in length and 2.5–3 µm in width) are very difficult to germinate in vitro. Ascospores are monostichous, situated inside a cylindrical, long‐stalked ascus. They are ellipsoidal and cymbiform (36–46 µm in length and 5.5–6.3 µm in width).Host range: This fungus can attack above 170 different plant hosts from 63 genera and 30 different families, including vascular plants and algae. Some are of significant economic importance, such as Coffea spp., Malus spp., Olea europaea L., Persea americana Mill., Prunus spp. and Vitis vinifera L.Disease symptoms: Rosellinia necatrix causes white (or Dematophora) root rot, which, by aerial symptoms, shows a progressive weakening of the plant, accompanied by a decline in vigour. The leaves wilt and dry, and the tree can eventually die. White cottony mycelium and mycelial strands can be observed in the crown and on the root surface. On woody plant roots, the fungus can be located between the bark and the wood, developing typical mycelium fans, invading the whole root and causing general rotting.Disease control: Some approaches have been attempted involving the use of tolerant plants and physical control (solarization). Chemical control in the field and biological control methods are still under development.
Management of major trauma haemorrhage: treatment priorities and controversies
Authors: Davenport Ross , Khan Sirat 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe severely injured trauma patient often arrives in the emergency department bleeding, coagulopathic and in need of a blood transfusion. The diagnosis and management of these patients has vastly improved with a better understanding of acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC). In the emergency setting, traditional laboratory coagulation screens are of limited use in the diagnosis and management of life‐threatening bleeding. Whole blood assays, such as thrombelastography (TEG) and rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) provide a rapid evaluation of clot formation, strength and lysis. Rapid diagnosis of ATC and aggressive haemostatic transfusion strategies utilizing early high doses of plasma are associated with improved outcomes in trauma. At present there is no accurate guide for transfusion in trauma, therefore blood and clotting products are administered on an empiric basis. Targeted transfusion therapy for major trauma haemorrhage based on comprehensive and rapid measures of coagulation e.g. TEG/ROTEM may lead to improved outcomes while optimizing blood utilization. Evidence for the clinical application of TEG and ROTEM in trauma is emerging with a number of studies evaluating their ability to diagnose coagulopathy early and facilitate goal‐directed transfusion. This review explores current controversies and best practice in the diagnosis and management of major haemorrhage in trauma.