bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane‐urea clay nanocomposites using montmorillonite modified by oxyethylene–oxypropylene copolymer
Authors: Salahuddin N. , Abo‐El‐Enein S. A. , Selim A. , Salah‐el‐dien O. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractClay organifier with propylene oxide‐capped polyethylene glycol (PEG) with amine end group (jeffamines ED600–2003) was synthesized through an ion exchange process between sodium cations in montmorillonite (MMT) and NH groups in ED600–2003. The d‐spacing of organoclay was found to be 1.697–1.734 nm compared to 0.96 nm of pristine MMT. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the molecular dispersion of the clay within ED600. Polyurethane‐urea/montmorillonite (PUU‐MMT) nanocomposites were prepared via in situ polymerization from polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) or 1,4 butane diol (1,4 BD), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), jeffamines ED600–2003, and 1–12 wt% of organoclay. Intercalation of PUU into modified clays was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and TEM. The barrier properties were significantly reduced; however, the thermal stability was increased in the nanocomposites as compared to the pristine polymer. Nanocomposites exhibited optical clarity and solvent resistance. The mechanical properties and the glass transition temperature of PUU were improved with the addition of organoclay. The incorporation of silicate layers gave rise to a considerable increase in the storage modulus (stiffness), demonstrating the reinforcing effect of clay on the PUU matrix. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polystyrene copolymers by atom transfer radical self‐condensing vinyl copolymerization
Authors: Zhang Chuan‐hai , Li Jin‐ge , zhang Jun , Zhang Liao‐yun , Li Hua‐yi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA series of hyperbranched polystyrene copolymers were synthesized by atom transfer radical self‐condensing vinyl copolymerization (ATR‐SCVCP) of p‐chloromethylstyrene (CMS) and styrene using the complex CuCl/2,2′‐bipyridyl as catalyst. The composition and structures of these hyperbranched polystyrene copolymers were characterized by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and elemental analysis. The thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The influence of the reaction conditions, including comonomer ratios, reaction time, and polymerization temperature, on the molecular weight and degree of branching (DB) of the resulting copolymers were investigated in detail. With increasing ratios of styrene in total monomers from 10 to 90%, the resulting copolymers have number‐average molecular weights that change from 6.0 to 10.5 kDa, polydispersities from 2.96 to 4.74, and a degree of branching from 0.01 to 0.45. The experimental results indicated that the structures and properties can be controlled by adjusting the reaction conditions. The concentrations of styrene in the copolymers slightly affect the copolymer structures and Tg when they are less than 50 mol%, but have a large effect at greater concentrations. The results also show that the ATR‐SCVP reaction does not follow a complete ATRP feature, but has some characteristics of step‐growth polymerization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grundlagen der Thrombozytenpharmakologie. Physiologie und Pathophysiologie
Authors: Jastrow Holger , Weber Artur‐Aron 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThrombozyten sind wesentlich an der Blutstillung nach Gefäßverletzungen beteiligt, können aber auch thrombotische Gefäßverschlüsse bewirken. Eine pharmakologische Hemmung der Thrombozytenfunktion ist auf allen Stufen der Thrombozytenaktivierung (initiale Aktivierung, Verstärkungsmechanismen, Ligandenbindung) möglich.
Geschichte von Acetylsalicylsäure. 100 Jahre erfolgreiche Arzneimittelforschung
Authors: Schrör Karsten 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEine ausreichende Verfügbarkeit synthetischer Salicylsäure schuf die Voraussetzungen für chemische Modifikationen der Substanz. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgte die Erstsynthese kristalliner und vor allem stabiler Acetylsalicylsäure (ASA) durch Felix Hoffmann in der Gruppe von Arthur Eichengrün bei Bayer in Elberfeld im Jahr 1897. Nach Einführung unter dem Handelsnamen “Aspirin” entwickelte sich die Substanz im Laufe der Jahrzehnte zu einem weithin bekannten und beliebten Hausmittel zur Behandlung von Fieber, Schmerz und Entzündungen.Eine pharmakologische Erklärung für diese multiplen Wirkungen gelang John Vane 1971 mit dem Nachweis, dass ASA die Prostaglandinsynthese hemmt. Darüber hinaus hemmt niedrig dosierte ASA, aber nicht Salicylsäure, die Plättchenaggregation, Grundlage der Anwendung der Substanz zur Prävention atherothrombotischer Erkrankungen wie Herzinfarkt und Schlaganfall.Die heutige Forschung geht über die Prostaglandin‐Synthesehemmung hinaus und sucht auch mit neuen Ansätzen eine Verbesserung der therapeutischen Sicherheit und Erweiterung der klinischen Anwendung, z.B. bei der Tumorprävention.
Prasugrel – ein neuer ADP‐Rezeptor‐Antagonist. Prodrug‐Aktivierung als entscheidender Unterschied
Authors: Alban Susanne 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMit der Zulassung des P2Y12‐Antagonisten Prasugrel (Efinet®) steht zum ersten Mal eine Alternative zum “Goldstandard” Clopidogrel für die duale Plättchenhemmung bei ACS zur Verfügung. Er fügt sich gut in das Bild der zeitlichen Entwicklung der Therapie des ACS ein. Im Laufe der letzten 20 Jahre ist sie sukzessive wirksamer geworden, allerdings um den Preis höherer Blutungsraten (Abb. 9).Es bleibt abzuwarten, ob sich der unter kontrollierten Studienbedingungen gefundene Netto‐Benefit auch im klinischen Alltag bestätigen wird. Wie üblich erlaubt erst die Post‐Marketing‐Surveillance eine abschließende Beurteilung der Sicherheit. Weitere Studien werden zeigen, welche Patienten von Prasugrel profitieren und wie es optimal anzuwenden ist. Im Juni 2008 startete die TRIOLOGY ACS‐Studie (NCT00699998) mit mehr als 10.000 Patienten zum Vergleich von Prasugrel mit Clopidogrel bei Patienten mit UA/NSTEMI, bei denen eine medikamentöse Behandlung angezeigt ist. Hierbei wird die Therapie mit Prasugrel mit einer AD von nur 30 mg begonnen, die ED beträgt je nach Alter und Gewicht 5 oder 10 mg.Das Beispiel der Clopidogrel‐Resistenz veranschaulicht, dass es prinzipiell von Vorteil ist, wenn es nicht nur eine Therapieoption für die Plättchenhemmung beim ACS gibt. Denn damit besteht die Möglichkeit, die für den einzelnen Patienten jeweils am besten geeignete Strategie auszuwählen. Neben Prasugrel befinden sich weitere Plättchenhemmstoffe in der Entwicklung. Bereits in Phase‐III‐Studien werden derzeit drei Kandidaten geprüft: Ticagrelor, ein oraler, im Gegensatz zu den Thienopyridinen direkt und reversibel wirkender P2Y12‐Antagonist, Cangrelor (AR‐C69931MX), ebenfalls ein direkter, reversibler P2Y12‐Antagonist, jedoch für die intravenöse, kurzfristige Akuttherapie, sowie SCH 530348, ein oraler Thrombin‐Rezeptorantagonist, der selektiv an PAR‐1 (Protease‐Activated Receptor) bindet. Ein weiterer Aspekt der Forschung ist die Evaluation des Potentials einer individualisierten Therapie, die auf den Ergebnissen von Point‐of‐Care‐Testung der Plättchenfunktion basiert oder sich am Vorliegen genetischer Polymorphismen orientiert.
Optimale individualisierte antithrombozytäre Therapie. Nach koronarer Stentimplantation
Authors: Zürn Christine S. , May Andreas E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractZusammenfassend ist die optimale therapeutische Strategie für Patienten nach koronarer Stentimplantation komplex und benötigt einen zunehmend individuellen Ansatz. Hinzu kommt das Problem des unzureichenden Ansprechens mancher Patienten auf Clopidogrel, Alter, Komorbiditäten, Patienten‐Compliance etc. Obwohl wir versucht haben, einen Algorithmus zu definieren, der für die meisten Patienten geeignet ist, muss das individuelle Risikoprofil jedes einzelnen Patienten berücksichtigt werden, bevor eine koronare Intervention bei diesem Hochrisiko‐Kollektiv durchgeführt wird. Ein wichtiger Aspekt ist z.B. die Tatsache, dass ein erhöhtes Alter einen Risikofaktor sowohl für eine Stentthrombose als auch für thrombembolische Komplikationen, z.B. bei Vorhofflimmern, und für lebensbedrohliche Blutungskomplikationen darstellt.
Die Achillesferse der Influenzaviren?
Authors: Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInfluenzaviren werden über ihre Oberflächenproteine Hämagglutinin und Neuraminidase definiert. H5N1 war vor wenigen Jahren DAS Thema. Ganz frisch und kurz nach der Veröffentlichung zweier interessanter Paper zu H5N1, taucht eine neue Variante von H1N1 auf, das irgendwie aus Schweinen stammt und nun Menschen infizieren kann.
Microplasmin statt Skalpell
Authors: Heidingsfeld A. , Koob V. , Kräuter N. , Kupka J. , Rastetter A. , Zündorf I. , Dingermann T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBlutgerinnung und Fibrinolyse bilden ein ausgeklügeltes System, das einerseits den Blutfluss aufrecht erhalten, andererseits aber Blutungen unterbinden muss. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil dabei ist Plasmin. Nun wird eine besondere Anwendung der Protease klinisch getestet: im Auge.
Klinisch relevante Interaktion zwischen Clopidogrel und Protonenpumpen‐Inhibitoren
Authors: Susanne  , Theo  , Nina  , Wolfgang  , Manfred  , Martin  , Dietmar  , Petra  
Published: July 2009

AbstractGemeinsame Stellungnahme der Arzneimittelkommission der Deutschen Apotheker (AMK) und der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft e.V. (DPhG)
Mixed electron and proton conductivity of polyaniline films in aqueous solutions of acids: beyond the 1000 S cm−1 limit
Authors: Stejskal Jaroslav , Bogomolova Olga E , Blinova Natalia V , Trchová Miroslava , Šeděnková Ivana , Prokeš Jan , Sapurina Irina 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The application potential of conducting polymers depends on their conductivity. It is generally assumed that the conductivity determined in the dry state is a parameter that unambiguously characterizes them.RESULTS: The conductivity of polyaniline (PANI) films immersed in aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid may be more than 1000 times higher compared with that obtained by measurement of dry films in air, and is estimated to reach a value exceeding 3300 S cm−1 in 1 mol L−1 sulfuric acid. This is explained by the reduction of conductivity barriers between conducting PANI islands.CONCLUSION: The organized polymer chains in the conducting islands of a PANI film are separated by disordered regions of low conductivity in the dry state. The penetration of sulfuric acid solution into the disordered areas increases the overall conductivity of the PANI film by improving the electrical contact between the islands through ionic charge transport. The electronic conductivity of the PANI film in the dry state thus converts to mixed electron–proton conduction in acidic aqueous solutions, electron conductivity being dominant in ordered regions and ionic conductivity in disordered regions separating them. Weakly bound protons are the most important ionic charge carriers hopping along the PANI chains. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Anionic alternating copolymerization of epoxide and 3,4‐dihydrocoumarin and its application to networked polymers
Authors: Sudo Atsushi , Uenishi Kazuya , Endo Takeshi 
Published: July 2009

Abstract3,4‐Dihydrocoumarin (DHCM) is an aromatic six‐membered lactone, which does not undergo anionic homopolymerization. However, it does undergo copolymerization with an epoxide. The striking feature of this copolymerization is its 1:1 alternating nature, which allows for the formation of polyesters. In this mini‐review, we describe the copolymerization behavior, the polymer structure and the advantages that can be achieved by addition of DHCM to the epoxy‐imidazole curing system. Another focus is our development of DHCM analogues, which bring the advantages of DHCM to their applications as comonomers for the curing system. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Personality disorder scale predictors of depression stability over time as a partial function of mental health history
Authors: King Alan R. , Jackson David A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe high comorbidity of personality disturbance and psychiatric symptomatology has been well established. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual‐IV (DSM‐IV) personality disorder symptom clusters often represent aberrant, intense and labile emotional reactions to stressors. The role of personality disorder traits on the variability of depression symptoms as expressed over time, however, has gained relatively little research attention. The presence and number of personality disorder diagnoses have been associated with earlier depression onset and less favourable treatment outcomes suggesting that this form of mood disturbance may be more durable over time when associated with Axis II features. The present study examined Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) temporal stability as a function of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI‐II) personality disorder base rate scores among 406 college students with and without reported histories of significant mental health concerns. Instability of BDI scores across time was shown to be predicted (r = 0.15) by selected personality disorderscale dimensions (antisocial, self‐defeating, borderline and total number of MCMI‐II personality disorder elevations). BDI reliability did drop significantly among participants reporting a mental health treatment history and multiple personality disorder elevations. Gender differences were not found in the strength of these bivariate correlations. Women generated smaller BDI absolute differences than men. While BDI test–retest reliability was only linked modestly to personality disorder attributes in this college sample, further study may be warranted to evaluate similar relationships within a clinical sample. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ρ(T, p) model for ionic liquids based on quantitative structure–property relationship calculations
Authors: Lazzús Juan A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDensities of ionic liquids have been estimated using a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) method that involved 11 molecular descriptors. Density data of 238 experimental data sets for 163 ionic liquids (3020 data points) were used to obtain the QSPR model for a wide range of temperatures and pressures: 258–393 K and 0.09–207 MPa. Results show that the QSPR model to estimate the liquid density (R2 = 0.9307; AARD = 2.00) is accurate enough and gives lower deviations than any other similar QSPR model available in the literature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of distress and quality of life in patients undergoing cancer therapy: impact of treatment type and decisional role
Authors: Hack Thomas F. , Pickles Tom , Ruether J. Dean , Weir Lorna , Bultz Barry D. , Mackey John , Degner Lesley F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this secondary investigation was to examine the impact of the type of treatment received and the perceived role in treatment decision making in predicting distress and cancer‐specific quality of life in patients newly diagnosed with breast or prostate cancer.Method: Participants included 1057 newly diagnosed breast and prostate cancer patients from four Canadian cancer centers who partook in a randomized controlled trial examining the utility of providing patients with an audio‐recording of their treatment planning consultation. A MANCOVA was performed to predict distress and cancer‐specific quality of life at 12 weeks post‐consultation based on control variables (patient age, education, residence, tumor size (breast sample), gleason score (prostate sample), and receipt of an initial treatment consultation recording), predictor variables (treatment type—chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy; decisional role—active, collaborative, passive), and interactions between these predictors.Results: Women who received chemotherapy and reported having played a more passive role in treatment decision making had significantly greater distress and lower cancer‐specific quality of life at 12‐week post‐consultation. There were no statistically significant predictors of these outcomes identified for men with prostate cancer.Conclusion: Receipt of chemotherapy places women with breast cancer at risk for distress and reduced quality of life, but only for the subset of women who report playing a passive role in treatment decision making. Prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the present findings and to explicate the antecedents, composition, and consequences of the ‘passive’ decisional role during the treatment phase of the cancer trajectory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personal control over the cure of breast cancer: adaptiveness, underlying beliefs and correlates
Authors: Henselmans Inge , Sanderman Robbert , Helgeson Vicki S. , de Vries Jakob , Smink Ans , Ranchor Adelita V. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives: Although cognitive adaptation theory suggests that personal control acts as a stress buffer when facing adversity, maladaptive outcomes might occur when control is disconfirmed. The moderating effect of disappointing news on the adaptiveness of personal control over cure in women with breast cancer was examined and contrasted with the effect on the adaptiveness of general control over life. Additionally, the underlying beliefs and correlates of control over cure were explored.Methods: Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer were assessed after surgery (n=228). For a sub‐sample (n=133) data before surgery and after the end of treatment were available as well. Data were collected through questionnaires and face‐to‐face interviews. The prescription of chemotherapy after surgery was used as an indicator of disappointing news.Results: A chemotherapy prescription neither enhances nor limits the adaptiveness of disease‐specific or general control perceptions. Women reported that maintaining a positive attitude, accepting treatment and adopting a healthy life style gave them a sense of control over cure. Women with a strong sense of control over cure more often had invasive cancer, were younger and were best characterized by high optimism and strong sense of control over life.Conclusions: The findings add to our understanding of exaggerated control perceptions in cancer patients treated with curative intent and do not give reason to assume that such perceptions should be altered because of potentially maladaptive effects. On the contrary, a strong sense of control over the cure of breast cancer seems to reflect the capacity to adapt. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silicon Effect on the Hardness of r.f. Sputtered B–C:Si Amorphous Films
Authors: Louro Cristina , Oliveira João C. , Chhowalla Manish , Cavaleiro Albano 
Published: July 2009

AbstractB–C and B–C:Si films were deposited by r.f. magnetron sputtering from a hot‐pressed B4C polycrystalline target with Si pieces placed on the preferentially eroded zone. The effect of Si content, ranging from 2 to 6 at.‐%, on the B–C films was studied at a fixed substrate bias of −70 V. Preliminary depositions with different substrate bias showed that with −70 V the deposition of free carbon was avoided. All deposited films were X‐ray diffraction (XRD) amorphous, and the result was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Si‐containing films were harder than Si‐free ones, reaching 30 GPa for compositions up to 4.5 at.‐% Si. After thermal annealing of the B–C:Si films up to 700 °C, an increase of the hardness was observed. The maximum hardness of 37 GPa was obtained for 2 at.‐% Si film annealed at 600 °C, which corresponds to an increase of ∼23% in relation to the as‐deposited conditions. No vestiges of crystallinity were found either by XRD or FTIR analysis suggesting that the structure of the Si‐containing films consisted of a local order arrangement of boron‐rich icosahedral units.
Protein profiling of low‐density lipoprotein from obese subjects
Authors: Karlsson Helen , Mörtstedt Harriet , Lindqvist Helen , Tagesson Christer , Lindahl Mats 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAlthough obesity and high levels of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) are well‐known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the precise role(s) of different LDL constituents in obesity has not been explored. In the present study, we compared the LDL proteome of healthy control adults (body mass index<25) and obese subjects (body mass index>30). LDL was isolated by density‐gradient ultracentrifugation and proteins were separated with 2‐D PAGE, quantified, and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI‐TOF MS. A new LDL‐associated protein was identified as transthyretin and found to be significantly more abundant in LDL from the obese subjects. In addition, LDL from the obese subjects contained relatively more α1‐antitrypsin, apo J, apo C‐II, than LDL from controls, and also more of an acidic isoform (pI/Mr; 5.2/23 100) of apo A‐I. On the other hand, the relative amounts of apo A‐IV and the major isoform of apo A‐I (pI/Mr; 5.3/23 100) were significantly less in LDL from the obese subjects. Apo E was less and non‐sialylated apo C‐III more abundant in LDL from obese men than control men, while there were no such differences between LDL from obese and control women. These findings illustrate that obesity is not only associated with increased LDL‐cholesterol levels but also with alterations in the LDL protein composition. The presence of transthyretin in LDL from obese subjects may reflect over‐nutrition and affect the lipid metabolism in obesity.
Proteomic Helicobacter pylori biomarkers discriminative of low‐grade gastric MALT lymphoma and duodenal ulcer
Authors: Bernarde Cédric , Khoder Ghalia , Lehours Philippe , Burucoa Christophe , Fauchère Jean‐Louis , Delchier Jean‐Charles , Mégraud Francis , Atanassov Christo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo date no reliable diagnostic method exists to predict, among the very large and clinically heterogeneous group of Helicobacter pylori‐infected patients, the extremely small group at risk for developing low‐grade gastric MALT lymphoma (LG‐MALT). Search of proteomic biomarkers holds promise for the classification of the H. pylori strains with regard to this severe clinical outcome. In the present study 69 H. pylori strains isolated from patients with two different H. pylori‐associated diseases, duodenal ulcer (DU, n=29) and LG‐MALT (n=40) were used. Protein expression patterns of the strains were analyzed by using the high‐throughput methodology SELDI. Selected proteins were purified by means of chromatographic and electrophoretic methods in view of further sequencing by LC‐MS/MS. Univariate analysis (Mann–Whitney test) of the protein expression patterns generated nine significant biomarkers that can discriminate between H. pylori strains from patients with DU and LG‐MALT. These biomarkers are of low molecular weight, ranging from 6 to 26.6 kDa. Among them, two are overexpressed in LG‐MALT strains and seven – in DU strains. Two biomarker proteins, one overexpressed in LG‐MALT strains (13.2 kDa) and another one – overexpressed in DU strains (26.6 kDa), were purified to homogeneity and identified by using LC‐MS/MS as a 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 and a urease subunit, respectively. These biomarkers can be included in novel protein arrays for the differential diagnosis of H. pylori‐associated clinical outcomes.