bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of chemotherapy on quality of life in patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer
Authors: Al‐Batran Salah‐Eddin , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is a key issue in patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer, a disease associated with survival times rarely exceeding 10 months. The objective of the current review was to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy on the HRQoL of patients with metastatic or locally advanced, inoperable esophagogastric cancer.METHODS:A systematic MEDLINE search was performed to address a predefined question list: Does chemotherapy improve or maintain HRQoL? Do available data favor a particular chemotherapy? What relation exists between HRQoL and the efficacy and tolerability of therapy?RESULTS:The majority of studies, including large randomized studies, indicated no significant improvements in mean HRQoL scores versus baseline after chemotherapy. However, scores were maintained and symptomatic relief or improved performance status was observed in many patients. HRQoL was maintained in approximately 50% of patients for up to 6 months but deteriorated in the remaining patients. In randomized phase 3 trials, only cisplatin/fluorouracil plus either docetaxel or epirubicin were found to provide superior HRQoL versus comparators. Between‐regimen differences in HRQoL scores appeared to correspond to differences in the efficacy rather than the toxicity of treatment regimens.CONCLUSIONS:Chemotherapy maintained HRQoL in a substantial proportion of patients with advanced esophagogastric cancer. This effect appeared to correspond to the efficacy of the treatment. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
An Anticipative Recursively Adjusting Mechanism for parallel file transfer in data grids
Authors: Yang Chao‐Tung , Yang Ming‐Feng , Chi Yao‐Chun , Hsu Ching‐Hsien 
Published: March 2010

AbstractData Grids enable the sharing, selection, and connection of a wide variety of geographically distributed computational and storage resources for content needed by large‐scale data‐intensive applications such as high‐energy physics, bioinformatics, and virtual astrophysical observatories. In Data Grids, co‐allocation architectures were developed to enable parallel downloads of data sets from selected replica servers. As Internet is usually the underlying network of a grid, network bandwidth plays as the main factor affecting file transfers between clients and servers. In this paradigm, there are still some challenges that need to be solved, such as to reduce differences in finish times between selected replica servers, to avoid traffic congestion resulting from transferring the same blocks in different links among servers and clients, and to manage network performance variations among parallel transfers. In this paper, we propose theAnticipative Recursively Adjusting Mechanism(ARAM) scheme to adjust the workloads on selected replica servers and handle unpredictable variations in network performance by those servers. Our algorithm is based on using the finish rates for previously assigned transfers to anticipate the bandwidth status for the next section to adjust workloads, and to reduce file transfer times in grid environments. Our approach is useful in grid environments with unstable network link. It not only reduces idle time wasted waiting for the slowest server, but also decreases file transfer completion times. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles on a Molecular Ultrathin Film: Tuning the Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Rajesh K. , Sreedhar B. , Radhakrishnan T. P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA number of methodologies for immobilizing metal nanoparticles in 2‐dimensional aggregate structures on various substrates, some with concomitant tuning of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), have been reported. Many of them involve special functionalization of the nanoparticles, multiple fabrication steps or lengthy procedures. The present study demonstrates that monolayer Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film of a hemicyanine‐based amphiphile with cationic headgroup is an easily fabricated platform for harnessing citrate‐stabilized gold nanoparticles. It is shown that a single immersion step can be used to immobilize the nanoparticles uniformly on large area films and that systematic variation of the immersion time from 10 min to 6 h leads to controlled assembly of the particles and tuning of the SPR band over ∼100 nm. A model for the structural reorganization in the LB film that facilitates the assembly of nanoparticles is presented and the advantages of the current methodology over earlier protocols are pointed out. The versatility of LB films in terms of the molecular level control of fabrication it enables and the variety of film structures that can be realized, point to the wide scope for future explorations, expanding upon the present observations.
Adsorption of Proline and Glycine on the TiO2(110) Surface: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Tonner Ralf 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe optimal adsorption modes for the amino acids glycine and proline on the ideal TiO2(110) surface are investigated by using density functional theory (PBE) applying periodic boundary conditions. Binding modes with anionic acid moieties bridging two titanium atoms after transferring a proton to the surface are the most stable configurations for both molecules investigated—similar to previous results for carboxylic acids. In contrast to the latter compounds, amino acids can form hydrogen bonds via the amino group towards the surface‐bound proton; this provides an additional stabilisation of 15–20 kJ mol−1. Zwitterionic binding modes are less stable (by 10–20 kJ mol−1) and are less important for proline. Neutral modes are energetically even less favourable. Calculations of vibrational frequencies and core‐level shifts complement the adsorption study and provide guidance for future experimental investigations. Control of the computational parameters is crucial for the derivation of accurate results. The layout and thickness of the slab model used are also shown to be decisive factors. Calculations with a different GGA‐functional (PW91) provide very similar relative energies, although the absolute energies change by about 20 kJ mol−1. Results derived with the hybrid functional PBE0 show an even greater stabilisation of the anionic binding modes with respect to the zwitterionic modes. A previously observed discrepancy between experimental and theoretical results for glycine could be solved, although the experimentally proposed free rotation of the CC bond could not be reproduced.
Intermediates in the Catalytic Cycle of [NiFe] Hydrogenase: Functional Spectroscopy of the Active Site
Authors: Pandelia Maria‐Eirini , Ogata Hideaki , Lubitz Wolfgang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe [NiFe] hydrogenase from the anaerobic sulphate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F is an excellent model for constructing a mechanism for the function of the so‐called ‘oxygen‐sensitive’ hydrogenases. The present review focuses on spectroscopic investigations of the active site intermediates playing a role in the activation/deactivation and catalytic cycle of this enzyme as well as in the inhibition by carbon monoxide or molecular oxygen and the light‐sensitivity of the hydrogenase. The methods employed include magnetic resonance and vibrational (FTIR) techniques combined with electrochemistry that deliver information about details of the geometrical and electronic structure of the intermediates and their redox behaviour. Based on these data a mechanistic scheme is developed.
The Conformations of Amino Acids on a Gold(111) Surface
Authors: Hoefling Martin , Iori Francesco , Corni Stefano , Gottschalk Kay‐Eberhard 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe interactions of amino acids with inorganic surfaces are of interest for biologists and biotechnologists alike. However, the structural determinants of peptide–surface interactions have remained elusive, but are important for a structural understanding of the interactions of biomolecules with gold surfaces. Molecular dynamics simulations are a tool to analyze structures of amino acids on surfaces. However, such an approach is challenging due to lacking parameterization for many surfaces and the polarizability of metal surfaces. Herein, we report DFT calculations of amino acid fragments in vacuo and molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction of all amino acids with a gold(111) surface in explicit solvent, using the recently introduced polarizable gold force field GolP. We describe preferred orientations of the amino acids on the metal surface. We find that all amino acids preferably interact with the gold surface at least partially with their backbone, underlining an unfolding propensity of gold surfaces.
In‐situ Scanning Transmission X‐Ray Microscopy of Catalytic Solids and Related Nanomaterials
Authors: de Groot Frank M. F. , de Smit Emiel , van Schooneveld Matti M. , Aramburo Luis R. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe present status of in‐situ scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM) is reviewed, with an emphasis on the abilities of the STXM technique in comparison with electron microscopy. The experimental aspects and interpretation of X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are briefly introduced and the experimental boundary conditions that determine the potential applications for in‐situ XAS and in‐situ STXM studies are discussed. Nanoscale chemical imaging of catalysts under working conditions is outlined using cobalt and iron Fischer–Tropsch catalysts as showcases. In the discussion, we critically compare STXM‐XAS and STEM‐EELS (scanning transmission electron microscopy–electron energy loss spectroscopy) measurements and indicate some future directions of in‐situ nanoscale imaging of catalytic solids and related nanomaterials.
Spatial Distribution of Acoustic Cavitation Bubbles at Different Ultrasound Frequencies
Authors: Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Lee Judy , Iida Yasuo , Yasui Kyuichi , Kozuka Teruyuki , Tuziuti Toru , Towata Atsuya 
Published: March 2010

AbstractImages of sonoluminescence, sonophotoluminescence and sonochemiluminescence are recorded in order to semi‐quantitatively compare the spatial distribution of the cavitation activity at three different ultrasound frequencies (170 kHz, 440 kHz and 700 kHz) and at various acoustic amplitudes. At all ultrasound frequencies investigated, the sonochemically active cavitation zones are much larger than the cavitation zones where sonoluminescence is observed. Also, the sonochemically active bubbles are observed at relatively lower acoustic amplitudes than that required for sonoluminescence bubbles to appear. The acoustic power required for the observation of the initial cavitation bubbles increases with an increase in the ultrasound frequency. The cavitation bubbles are observed relatively uniformly throughout the reactor at 170 kHz whereas they are located away from the transducer at the higher frequencies used in this study. While these observations highlight the complexities involved in acoustic cavitation, possible reasons for the observed results are discussed.
High‐quality LaCoO3 single crystal grown by optical floating zone method and its electromagnetic properties
Authors: Song Gengxin , Li Liang , Xu Dapeng 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA LaCoO3 single crystal with 4 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length has been grown by optical floating zone method. The as‐grown crystal is highly crystalline with the rhombohedral perovskite structure (R3c) and grows parallel to the (121) direction. The room temperature resistivity of the as‐grown crystal is 0.12 Ω·cm and the insulator‐metal transition occurs around 500 K. The coercivity and the remanence of the as‐grown crystal are 5 Oe and 6.61×10–5 μB/f.u. at 5 K, respectively. In 1000 Oe under zero‐field cooling, the magnetic susceptibility of the as‐grown crystal shows an upturn in a Curie tail fashion below 35 K, and appears a wave crest over the interval 55 K≤T≤90 K. In addition, a slope change of 1/χ(T) at about 12 K is observed in 50000 Oe under zero‐field cooling. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Making the diagnosis with only two levels of nongynecologic cell blocks as opposed to three is more cost effective
Authors: Zanchelli‐Astran Gina , Wood Moira , Bibbo Marluce 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo hundred forty‐three of 246 cases in phase I (98.8%) and 246 of 247 cases in phase II (99.6%) had adequate or the same material present on the level two cell blocks. Sixty‐nine cases were malignant (28.1%), 20 were atypical (8.1%), 157 were benign (63.8), and 16 were signed out on the cell block only (6.5%) in phase I. In phase II, 69 (27.9%) cases were malignant, 22 (8.9%) were atypical, 156 (63.2%) were benign, and 18 (7.3%) were signed out based on material present in the cell block. Fifteen cases in phase I (6.1%) and 17 (6.9%) in phase II needed immunohistochemical staining for further evaluation. Twenty‐four upper urinary tract (UUT) cases were signed out as malignant (49.0%), 10 were atypical (20.4%), and 15 were benign (30.6%) in phase I. In phase II, 18 (56.3%) UUT were malignant, 8 (25.0%) were atypical, and 6 (18.7%) were benign. In phase I, 13 (26.5%) and in phase II, 18 (56.3%) were graded on the cell block only. On comparing the two phases, there was no significant difference in the amount of diagnostic material present between the level three and level two cell blocks (98.8% and 99.6%, respectively) or the number of cases diagnosed based on the cell block (6.5% and 7.3%, respectively). Cases signed out as malignant, atypical, and benign were similar in both phases. Likewise, the cases that required immunohistochemical staining to aid in the diagnosis between phase one and phase two were similar (6.1% and 6.9%, respectively). respectively). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Papanicolaou stain may not be necessary in majority of head and neck fine‐needle aspirations: Evidence from a correlation study between diff–quik‐based onsite diagnosis and final diagnosis in 287 head and neck fine‐needle aspirations
Authors: Wu Maoxin , Idrees Muhammad , Zhang Zhengbin , Genden Eric , Burstein David E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a useful tool for immediate assessment of palpable lesions, especially in the head and neck region. The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of correlation between Diff–Quik‐based onsite diagnosis (OD) and final diagnosis (FD) and further improve the efficiency of FNA practice.Two hundred and eighty‐seven cytopathologist‐performed FNAs from the head and neck region were evaluated. Number of passes, number and type of slides and correlation (agreement, modified final diagnosis and disagreement) between OD and FD were evaluated.Among 287 FNAs, the average number of passes per FNA case was 2 (range, 1–5&.rpar;). The mean number of slides reviewed per case was 5 including 2 Diff–Quik (D–Q)‐stained slides, 2 Papanicolaou (Pap)‐stained slides, and 1 cell block (CB)/1 cytospin (Cy). 247 of 287 (86%) cases showed agreement between OD and FD. FD on 36 out of 287 cases (12.5%) was slightly modified or refined after reviewing additional slides. A major diagnostic discrepancy was noted in four cases (1.5%), three of which were classified as squamous cell carcinoma on final diagnosis, and confirmed on surgical follow‐up.Accurate diagnosis can be achieved in the majority (86%) of head and neck FNAs based on immediate examination of D–Q stained slides alone. In a small number of cases (12.5%), reviewing additional slides may refine the final diagnosis. In rare cases, especially cystic squamous lesions, Pap‐stained slides appeared to be helpful. It is plausible to use D–Q‐stained slides alone with most head and neck FNAs in order to provide more cost effective and efficient triaging and patient management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:846–853. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc..
Cytopathological features of warty (condylomatous) carcinoma of the penis: A case report and distinction from other verruciform penile tumors
Authors: Hayashi Toshitetsu , Haba Reiji , Kushida Yoshio , Kadota Kyuichi , Katsuki Naomi , Miyai Yumi , Bando Kenji , Shibuya Shinsuke , Funamoto Yasunobu , Kakehi Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWarty (condylomatous) carcinoma (WC) is a rare specific variant of invasive squamous cell carcinoma that shows hybrid features of condyloma with invasive cell carcinoma. As compared with conventional squamous cell carcinoma, WC tends to run a less aggressive clinical course. A case is presented here in which squash smears of a penile foreskin tumor in a 65‐year‐old male revealed small cohesive clusters and sheets of tumor cells in papillary configurations. The neoplastic cells were polygonal to elongated and contained oval nuclei, coarse chromatin pattern, and distinct nucleoli. Nuclear pleomorphism and loss of nuclear polarity were observed. Characteristically, there were also many koilocytes demonstrating mild to moderate nuclear atypia and perinuclear cytoplasmic halos. A cytologic diagnosis of a verruciform penile tumor was suggested. Histologic examination of the tumor showed a hyper‐parakeratotic arborizing papillomatous growth with thin fibrovascular cores and the tips were variably rounded or tapered. Obvious koilocytic cytopathic change, nuclear pleomorphism, and focal stromal invasion were observed. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed diffuse and strong membranous staining for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) while the MIB‐1 and p53 immunoreactive cells were confined to the basal areas of the papillae. No lymphovascular invasion was detected in D2‐40 or elastic Van‐Gieson stains. On the basis of the overall features, we confirmed a final diagnosis of penile WC. We demonstrated here for the first time the cytopathological features of penile WC with emphasis on differential diagnostic considerations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:841–845. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helminth‐induced CD19+CD23hi B cells modulate experimental allergic and autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Wilson Mark S. , Taylor Matthew D. , O'Gorman Mary T. , Balic Adam , Barr Tom A. , Filbey Kara , Anderton Stephen M. , Maizels Rick M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNumerous population studies and experimental models suggest that helminth infections can ameliorate immuno‐inflammatory disorders such as asthma and autoimmunity. Immunosuppressive cell populations associated with helminth infections include Treg and alternatively‐activated macrophages. In previous studies, we showed that both CD4+CD25+ Treg, and CD4– MLN cells from Heligmosomoides polygyus‐infected C57BL/6 mice were able to transfer protection against allergic airway inflammation to sensitized but uninfected animals. We now show that CD4–CD19+ MLN B cells from infected, but not naïve, mice are able to transfer a down‐modulatory effect on allergy, significantly suppressing airway eosinophilia, IL‐5 secretion and pathology following allergen challenge. We further demonstrate that the same cell population can alleviate autoimmune‐mediated inflammatory events in the CNS, when transferred to uninfected mice undergoing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(p35–55)‐induced EAE. In both allergic and autoimmune models, reduction of disease was achieved with B cells from helminth‐infected IL‐10−/− donors, indicating that donor cell‐derived IL‐10 is not required. Phenotypically, MLN B cells from helminth‐infected mice expressed uniformly high levels of CD23, with follicular (B2) cell surface markers. These data expand previous observations and highlight the broad regulatory environment that develops during helminth infections that can abate diverse inflammatory disorders in vivo.
Identification of the rat NKG2D ligands, RAE1L and RRLT, and their role in allograft rejection
Authors: Zhuo Ming , Fujiki Masato , Wang Mouer , Piard‐Ruster Karine , Wai Lu‐En , Wei Liang , Martinez Olivia M. , Krams Sheri M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNKG2D is a receptor expressed by NK cells and subsets of T lymphocytes. On NK cells, NKG2D functions as a stimulatory receptor that induces effector functions. We cloned and expressed two rat NKG2D ligands, both members of the RAE1 family, RAE1L and RRLT, and demonstrate that these ligands can induce IFN‐γ secretion and cytotoxicity by rat NK cells. To examine changes in expression of NKG2D and the NKG2D ligands RAE1L and RRLT after transplantation, we used a Dark Agouti (DA)→Lewis rat model of liver transplantation. NKG2D expression was significantly increased in allogeneic liver grafts by day 7 post‐transplant. Ligands of NKG2D, absent in normal liver, were readily detected in both syngeneic and allogeneic liver grafts by day 1 post‐transplant. By day 7 post‐transplant, hepatocyte RAE1L and RRLT expression was significantly and specifically increased in liver allografts. In contrast to acute rejection that develops in the DA→Lewis model, transplantation of Lewis livers into DA recipients (Lewis→DA) results in spontaneous tolerance. Interestingly, expression of RAE1L and RRLT is low in Lewis→DA liver allografts, but significantly increased in DA→Lewis liver allografts undergoing rejection. In conclusion, our results suggest that expression of NKG2D ligands may be important in allograft rejection.
Divergent roles of Toll‐like receptor 2 in response to lipoteichoic acid and Staphylococcus aureus in vivo
Authors: Gillrie Mark R. , Zbytnuik Lori , McAvoy Erin , Kapadia Roxna , Lee Kristine , Waterhouse Christopher C. M. , Davis Shevaun P. , Muruve Daniel A. , Kubes Paul , Ho May 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe response of leukocytes to lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a TLR2‐dependent major cell wall component of Staphylococcus aureus, is linked to the outcome of an infection. In this study we investigated the role of nonhematopoietic TLR2 in response to LTA and S. aureus by creating bone marrow chimeras. Significant leukocyte recruitment in response to LTA required IFN‐γ priming in WT C57BL/6 and TLR2−/−⇒WT mice, but was not observed in TLR2−/− or WT⇒TLR2−/− animals. LTA also induced a proinflammatory response in IFN‐γ primed primary human microvascular endothelial cells leading to leukocyte recruitment in vitro. When mice were infected with S. aureus, the most profound elevation of TNF‐α and IL‐6 was seen in TLR2−/− and TLR2−/−⇒WT mice. TLR2−/−, but not chimeric mice, demonstrated increased IL‐17, blood leukocytosis and pulmonary neutrophilia compared to WT mice. Collectively, the results suggest an essential role for IFN‐γ and nonhematopoietic TLR2 for leukocyte recruitment in response to LTA. In contrast, TLR2 on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells appears to orchestrate an inhibitory response to S. aureus such that in complete TLR2 deficiency, there is an exaggerated proinflammatory response and/or skewing of the immune response towards a Th17 phenotype that may contribute to the decreased survival of TLR2−/− mice.