bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training with or without saffron supplementation on diabetes‐specific markers and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Rajabi Ali , Akbar Nezhad Gharehlo Ali , Madadizadeh Elham , Basereh Aref , Khoramipoor Kimya , Pirani Hossein , Khoramipour Karen , Moser Othmar , Khoramipour Kayvan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (AT) and saffron supplementation on hemostasis, inflammatory markers, and insulin resistance in obese women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A total of 44 women with T2D (mean age: 54.12 ± 5.63 years, mean BMI: 31.15 ± 1.50 kg/m2, HbA1c: 85 ± 4.2 mmol/mol) were included in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. We were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 11 per group): saffron + training (ST), placebo + training (PT), saffron supplement (SS), and placebo (P). The ST and PT groups completed 12 weeks of AT (three sessions per week of mild to moderate intensity). The ST and SS groups were administered a daily dose of 200 mg of saffron powder for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected 48 h before the first AT session and/or nutritional supplementation and 48 h after the last AT session and/or nutritional supplementation. Post‐evaluation, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance value (HOMA‐IR, p < 0.001) and serum levels of glucose (p < 0.001), fibrinogen (FIB, p < 0.001), homocysteine (HCY, p < 0.001), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6, p < 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα, p < 0.001) showed significant reduction in the ST, PT, and SS groups compared to the P group (p < 0.05). In particular, the ST group showed a more significant reduction in all variables compared to the PT and SS groups (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that a 12‐week intervention with AT and saffron supplementation can independently improve markers related to hemostasis, inflammation, and insulin resistance. However, their combination showed the greatest effectiveness on the above markers.
Thermal spray coatings for molten salt facing structural parts and enabling opportunities for thermochemical cycle electrolysis
Authors: Faisal Nadimul Haque , Rajendran Vinooth , Prathuru Anil , Hossain Mamdud , Muthukrishnan Ramkumar , Balogun Yakubu , Pancholi Ketan , Hussain Tanvir , Lokachari Siddharth , Horri Bahman Amini , Bankhead Mark 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThermochemical water splitting stands out as the most efficient techniques to produce hydrogen through electrolysis at a high temperature, relying on a series of chemical reactions within a loop. However, achieving a durable thermochemical cycle system poses a significant challenge, particularly in manufacturing suitable coating materials for reaction vessels and pipes capable of enduring highly corrosive conditions created by high‐temperature molten salts. The review summarizes thermally sprayed coatings (deposited on structural materials) that can withstand thermochemical cycle corrosive environments, geared towards nuclear thermochemical copper–chlorine (CuCl) cycles. An assessment was conducted to explore material composition and selection (structure–property relations), single and multi‐layer coating manufacturing, as well as corrosion environment and testing methods. The aim was to identify the critical areas for research and development in utilizing the feedstock materials and thermal spray coating techniques for applications in molten salt thermochemical applications, as well as use lessons learnt from other application areas (e.g., nuclear reaction vessels, boilers, waste incinerators, and aero engine gas‐turbine) where other types of molten salt and temperature are expected. Assessment indicated that very limited sets of coating‐substrate system with metallic interlayer is likely to survive high temperature corrosive environment for extended period of testing. However, within the known means and methods, as well as application of advanced thermal spray manufacturing processes could be a way forward to have sustainable coating‐substrate assembly with extended lifetime. Spraying multi‐layered coating (nano‐structured or micro‐structured powder materials) along with the application of modern suspension or solution based thermal spray techniques are considered to result in dense microstructures with improved resistance to high temperature thermochemical environment.
A geomorphic perspective on discharge–area relationships
Authors: Kadu Akshay , Biswal Basudev 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is well‐documented that the discharge‐area power‐law scaling exponent (θ) can be much lower than 1 during peak flow periods. A physical explanation for this phenomenon is generally given with the help of the channel network width function, which represents pure surface flow (PSF). When PSF ceases to dominate, θ is expected to increase due to the increasing contribution of mixed surface sub‐surface flow (MSSF) and approach 1. However, to our knowledge, no study thus far has conducted a systematic investigation of the variation of θ. In this study, we use a channel network morphology‐based routing model that considers both PSF and MSSF to investigate the variation of θ across the streamflow spectrum. The model captures the increasing trend of θ quite well during recession periods, attributable to the growing dominance of MSSF. We also demonstrate that the analysis of the discharge‐area scaling is further complicated by several factors, including spatio‐temporal variation of rainfall. The uniqueness of the model is that it suggests θ to assume values much greater than 1 because the flow in smaller basins decreases at a higher rate during late recession periods. Demonstrating this effect using observed data is difficult since obtaining sufficiently long recession curves is practically challenging. However, the predicted trend of θ is well supported by observed data when we perform percentile‐based discharge‐area scaling analysis. Our results thus indicate the possibility that a basin is not merely a sum of its hillslopes, with far‐reaching consequences for modelling hydrological and ecological phenomena.
EPB tunnelling at the Silvertown Tunnel Project in London
Authors: Conrads Alena , Hooi Lim Oon , Thomas Ivor 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Silvertown Tunnel is a new twin‐bore road tunnel under the River Thames in the east of London that increases the river crossing capacity in this area and provides enough clearance for the zero‐emission double‐decker buses. It is being delivered by Riverlinx CJV on behalf on Transport for London (TfL). The overall project consists of tunnel approach ramps at both portals, cut and cover tunnels, and two 1.1 km‐long bored tunnel sections as well as highway connections including a new footbridge and service buildings for operating the tunnel from either end. In this article, the approach and challenges of mechanised tunnelling including the river crossing in a high‐density area, with a large‐diameter earth pressure balance (EPB) machine in mixed‐face conditions, are presented. The Tunnel Bori selection based on the geological and geotechnical information is evaluated and compared to the experience during execution of tunnelling. In detail, the actual EPB drive is evaluated by considering the face pressure support, predicted surface settlements and planned cutterhead maintenance.
Long‐term teduglutide associated with improved response in pediatric short bowel syndrome‐associated intestinal failure
Authors: Wales Paul W. , Hill Susan , Robinson Ian , Raphael Bram P. , Matthews Cheney , Cohran Valeria , Carter Beth , Venick Robert , Kocoshis Samuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesPatients with short bowel syndrome‐associated intestinal failure (SBS‐IF) require long‐term parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluids (PN/IV) to maintain fluid or nutritional balance. We report the long‐term safety, efficacy, and predictors of response in pediatric patients with SBS‐IF receiving teduglutide over 96 weeks.MethodsThis was a pooled, post hoc analysis of two open‐label, long‐term extension (LTE) studies (NCT02949362 and NCT02954458) in children with SBS‐IF. Endpoints included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and clinical response (≥20% reduction in PN/IV volume from baseline). A multivariable linear regression identified predictors of teduglutide response; the dependent variable was mean change in PN/IV volume at each visit over 96 weeks.ResultsOverall, 85 patients were analyzed; 78 patients received teduglutide in the parent and/or LTE studies (any teduglutide [TED] group), while seven patients did not receive teduglutide in either the parent or LTE studies. Most TEAEs were moderate or severe in intensity in both groups. By week 96, 82.1% of patients from the any TED group achieved a clinical response, with a mean fluid decrease of 30.1 mL/kg/day and an energy decrease of 21.6 kcal/kg/day. Colon‐in‐continuity, non‐White race, older age at baseline, longer duration of teduglutide exposure, and increasing length of remaining small intestine were significantly associated with a reduction in mean PN/IV volume requirements.ConclusionsIn pediatric patients with SBS‐IF, teduglutide treatment resulted in long‐term reductions in PN/IV requirements. The degree of PN/IV volume reduction depended on the duration of teduglutide exposure, underlying bowel anatomy, and demographics.
Assessment of risk factors for adverse events in analgosedation for pediatric endoscopy: A 10‐year retrospective analysis
Authors: Schneck Emmanuel , Knittel Fabienne , Markmann Melanie , Balzer Felix , Rubarth Kerstin , Zajonz Thomas , Schreiner Anna‐Lena , Hecker Andreas , Naehrlich Lutz , Koch Christian , Laffolie Jan de , Sander Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesData regarding the occurrence of complications specifically during pediatric anesthesia for endoscopic procedures is limited. By evaluating such data, factors could be identified to assure proper staffing and preparation to minimize adverse events and improve patient safety during flexible endoscopy.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included children undergoing anesthesia for gastroscopy, colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, or combined endoscopic procedures over 10‐year period. The primary study aim was to evaluate the incidence of complications and identify risk factors for adverse events.ResultsOverall, 2064 endoscopic procedures including 1356 gastroscopies (65.7%), 93 colonoscopies (4.5%), 235 bronchoscopies (11.4%), and 380 combined procedures (18.4%) were performed. Of the 1613 patients, 151 (7.3%) patients exhibited an adverse event, with respiratory complications being the most common (65 [3.1%]). Combination of gastrointestinal endoscopies did not lead to an increased adverse event rate (gastroscopy: 5.5%, colonoscopy: 3.2%). Diagnostic endoscopy as compared to interventional had a lower rate. If bronchoscopy was performed, the rate was similar to that of bronchoscopy alone (19.5% vs. 20.4%). Age < 5.8 years or body weight less than 20 kg, bronchoscopy, American Society of Anesthesiologists status ≥ 2 or pre‐existing anesthesia‐relevant diseases, and urgency of the procedure were independent risk factors for adverse events. For each risk factor, the risk for events increased 2.1‐fold [1.8–2.4].ConclusionsThis study identifies multiple factors that increase the rate of adverse events associated anesthesia‐based endoscopy. Combined gastrointestinal procedures did not increase the risk for adverse events while combination of bronchoscopy to gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a similar risk as bronchoscopy alone.
Behavioural tendencies of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet revealed by data–model comparison
Authors: Ely Jeremy C. , Clark Chris D. , Bradley Sarah L. , Gregoire Lauren , Gandy Niall , Gasson Ed , Veness Remy L.J. , Archer Rosie 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntegrating ice‐sheet models with empirical data pertaining to palaeo‐ice sheets promotes advances in the models used in sea‐level predictions and can improve our understanding of past ice‐sheet behaviour. The large number of empirical constraints on the last British–Irish Ice Sheet make it ideal for model–data comparison experiments. Here, we present an ensemble of 600 model simulations, which are compared with data on former ice‐flow extent, flow geometry and deglaciation timing. Simulations which poorly recreate data were ruled out, allowing us to examine the remaining physically realistic simulations which capture the ice sheets' behavioural tendencies. Our results led to a novel reconstruction of behaviour in the data‐poor region of the North Sea, insights into the ice stream, potential ice‐shelf and readvance dynamics, and the potential locations of peripheral ice caps. We also propose that the asynchronous behaviour of the British–Irish Ice Sheet is a consequence of the geography of the British Isles and the merging and splitting of different bodies of ice through saddle merger and collapse. Furthermore, persistent model–data mismatches highlight the need for model development, especially regarding the physics of ice–ocean interactions. Thus, this work highlights the power of integrating models and data, a long‐held aim of palaeoglaciology.
Check dams in the Yellow River basin: Sediment reduction efficiency and future development
Authors: Haidong Gao , Mengdie Wang , Xinjing Hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHuman activities are the main reasons for reducing sediment transport in the Yellow River, with thousands of check dams playing a crucial role. Quantifying the sediment reduction efficiency and analyzing the future development of check dams can help ecological construction and management in the Yellow River basin. This study developed a calculation method for sediment reduction by check dams and calculated the annual sediment reduction, and further estimated the sediment reduction efficiency at different periods. In addition, this study also analyzed the construction intensity and proposed construction strategies of check dams in the Yellow River basin. The results show that from 1952 to 2011, the cumulative sediment reduction of check dams in the middle reaches of the Yellow River was 8056 million tons, the annual sediment reduction varied from 0 to 403 million tons, with a multiyear average of 134 million tons. Among the major tributaries in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the sediment reduction efficiency of check dams ranged from 0.51% to 76.88% due to the ecological management of slopes and the loss of sediment retention capacity by small‐ and medium‐sized check dams, the sediment reduction efficiency from 1980 to 1999 was higher than from 2000 to 2011. Following the analysis of the suitability of check dam construction, we calculated the potential and intensity of check dam construction in the Yellow River basin. The intensity of check dam construction exceeded 50% in the TDG‐LM region (Toudaoguai hydrological station to Longmen hydrological station) in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. We analyzed the siltation situation of large‐sized check dams and proposed strategies for the construction and management of check dams.
Prick “filter bubbles” by enhancing consumers' novelty‐seeking: The role of personalized recommendations of unmentionable products
Authors: Lv Linxiang , Kang Khloe Qi , Liu Guanrong (Gus) 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPersonalized recommendation algorithms inadvertently foster “filter bubbles,” wherein consumers are predominantly exposed to information that aligns with their existing preferences, limiting their exposure to novel items. This phenomenon raises ethical concerns regarding consumer well‐being, as it potentially compromises the quality of consumption decisions by reinforcing a homogeneity of information. Introducing novelty into recommendation systems is a viable strategy to counteract this issue, as the predominance of homogeneous information plays a crucial role in the formation of filter bubbles. However, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding self‐directed strategies for consumers to break through these filter bubbles. Grounded in social identification theory and utilizing a series of experimental studies, our research employs a range of analytical techniques, including ANOVA, mediation, and moderated‐mediation analysis. Our findings suggest that personalized recommendations of unmentionable products, defined as products eliciting disgust, offense, or anger due to delicacy, ethics, or fear, (vs. ordinary products) can increase consumers' novelty‐seeking by enhancing their motivation to change their implicit social labels given by intelligent recommendation systems. Nonetheless, we observe that this drive for novelty‐seeking diminishes during social‐focused recommendations because this recommendation is based on the behaviors of others in consumers' social networks rather than their actions.
Lipopolysaccharide released from gut activates pyroptosis of macrophages via Caspase 11‐Gasdermin D pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Xin Yue , Gao Changxing , Wang Lai , Liu Qianmei , Lu Qianjin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNoncanonical pyroptosis is triggered by Caspase 4/5/11, which cleaves Gasdermin D (GSDMD), leading to cell lysis. While GSDMD has been studied previously in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the role of pyroptosis in SLE pathogenesis remains unclear and contentious, with limited understanding of Caspase 11‐mediated pyroptosis in this condition. In this study, we explored the level of Caspase 11‐mediated pyroptosis in SLE, identifying both the upstream pathways and the interaction between pyroptosis and adaptive immune responses. We observed increased Caspase 5/11 and GSDMD‐dependent pyroptosis in the macrophages/monocytes of both lupus patients and mice. We identified serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), released from the gut due to a compromised gut barrier, as the signal that triggers Caspase 11 activation in MRL/lpr mice. We further discovered that pyroptotic macrophages promote the differentiation of mature B cells independently of T cells. Additionally, inhibiting Caspase 11 and preventing LPS leakage proved effective in improving lupus symptoms in MRL/lpr mice. These findings suggest that elevated serum LPS, resulting from a damaged gut barrier, induces Caspase 11/GSDMD‐mediated pyroptosis, which in turn promotes B cell differentiation and enhances autoimmune responses in SLE. Thus, targeting Caspase 11 could be a viable therapeutic strategy for SLE.
CircMALAT1 promotes cancer stem‐like properties and chemoresistance via regulating Musashi‐2/c‐Myc axis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Zitong , Deng Yingni , Han Jing , Ma Liying , Zhu Yumeng , Zhang Hua , He Zhixu , Song Yongmei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe primary challenge in treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer stem cell (CSC) is the root cause of tumor drug resistance. Therefore, targeting CSCs has been considered promising therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment. Here, we report that circMALAT1 was significantly upregulated in ESCC CSC‐like cells and primary tumors from ESCC patients. Clinically, there was a positive correlation between circMALAT1 expression and ESCC stage and lymph node metastasis, as well as poor prognosis for ESCC patients. In vitro and in vivo functional studies revealed that circMALAT1 promoted CSC‐like cells expansion, tumor growth, lung metastasis and drug resistance of ESCC. Mechanistically, circMALAT1 directly interacted with CSC‐functional protein Musashi RNA Binding Protein 2 (MSI2). CircMALAT1 inhibited MSI2 ubiquitination by preventing it from interacting with β‐transducin repeat containing protein (BTRC) E3 ubiquitin ligase. Also, circMALAT1 knockdown inhibited the expression of MSI2‐regulating CSC‐markers c‐Myc in ESCC. Collectively, circMALAT1 modulated the ubiquitination and degradation of the MSI2 protein signaling with ESCC CSCs and accelerated malignant progression of ESCC. CircMALAT1 has the potential to serve as a biomarker for drug resistance and as a target for therapy in CSCs within ESCC.
Sudden hemoptysis originating from spontaneous right bronchial artery bleeding during arterial duct closure in an adult patient with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Li Diwen , Zhao Tianli , Gong Xueyang , Ahemaiti Yiliya , Wei Luyao , Hu Shijun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdult patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) have a higher procedural risk during transcatheter PDA closures than infants and children. Limited information is available on transcatheter occlusion in patients with PDA and concomitant comorbidities such as leukemia. We report a case of a 32‐year‐old man with chronic myeloid leukemia who developed sudden hemoptysis during PDA catheter closure. Immediate treatment involved embolization of a bleeding bronchial artery with polyvinyl alcohol particles. The patient successfully underwent PDA closure and hematopoietic cell transplantation 3 months later. This case emphasizes the importance of evaluating fragile vasculature in patients with comorbid chronic diseases.
Eosinophil count in cecal biopsies using artificial intelligence‐based machine learning
Authors: Shah Harsh C. , Amarapurkar Anjali D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTissue eosinophilia is a diagnostically challenging entity. An accurate diagnosis can benefit the patient with appropriate treatment. Histopathology is the gold standard. Manual counting results in errors and is time consuming. Artificial intelligence (AI) acts like a human brain in terms of memory and reproducibility.MethodsThe aim of this study was to determine the eosinophil count in gastrointestinal biopsies using AI and compare it with the manual method. A total of 400 digital images of hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides of gastrointestinal biopsies were included in the study. Annotations were performed on images containing eosinophils. The neural network prepared using the Python language was a modified U‐Net architecture containing five down blocks and five up blocks. The results obtained using the AI model were compared with manual counts. Pearson's correlation coefficient and Cohen's kappa coefficient of agreement were used for statistical analysis.ResultsPearson's correlation coefficient demonstrated a strong positive correlation between AI and manual eosinophil (0.8), which suggests a very strong correlation. The Cohen's kappa coefficient of agreement was 0.85, which corresponds to excellent agreement.ConclusionsThe manual eosinophil count and AI predictions demonstrated a very strong positive correlation. It is necessary to count eosinophils using an AI model because it saves time, and eliminates interobserver variability and human error.