bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed multi‐station target tracking based on unscented particle filter and Dempster‐Shafer theory
Authors: Du Haoxuan , Feng Dazheng , Wang Meng , Shen Xuqi , Ye Duo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn a distributed multi‐station system, the observations received by local radar nodes for a single target will have a large signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) bias due to inconsistent radar cross‐sections from distinct angles, different distances from the target, various local interference such as harsh weather, and dissimilar background noise. Integrating heterogeneous information in dynamic and uncertain environments can be challenging for the fusion centre. Moreover, the particles in the basic particle filter (PF) may degrade after many iterations, making it difficult to achieve accurate target state estimation in the local tracking process. To address these issues, the authors propose a novel method named DS‐UPF based on the Dempster–Shafer (DS) theory and the unscented particle filter (UPF). By updating the important density function, the UPF efficiently suppresses particle degradation. The weighted Basic Probability Assignments (BPAs) are proposed and integrated under the new synthesis formula. The weight‐modified DS method restrains the impact of significant local estimation errors on weighted BPAs fusion result, improving robustness without local interference prior knowledge. The experimental results demonstrate that the DS‐UPF outperforms the unscented Kalman filter, PF, and UPF in tracking tasks under various local interference. This indicates that the proposed algorithm can improve estimation precision in dynamic and uncertain environments.
Image-based recognition of parasitoid wasps using advanced neural networks
Authors: Shirali Hossein , Hübner Jeremy , Both Robin , Raupach Michael , Reischl Markus , Schmidt Stefan , Pylatiuk Christian 
Published: June 2024

Hymenoptera has some of the highest diversity and number of individuals among insects. Many of these species potentially play key roles as food sources, pest controllers and pollinators. However, little is known about the diversity and biology and ~80% of the species have not yet been described. Classical taxonomy based on morphology is a rather slow process but DNA barcoding has already brought considerable progress in identification. Innovative methods such as image-based identification and automation can further speed up the process. We present a proof of concept for image data recognition of a parasitic wasp family, the Diapriidae (Hymenoptera), obtained as part of the GBOL III project. These tiny (1.2–4.5 mm) wasps were photographed and identified using DNA barcoding to provide a solid ground truth for training a neural network. Taxonomic identification was used down to the genus level. Subsequently, three different neural network architectures were trained, evaluated and optimised. As a result, 11 different genera of diaprids and one mixed group of ‘other Hymenoptera’ can be classified with an average accuracy of 96%. Additionally, the sex of the specimen can be classified automatically with an accuracy of >97%.
Assessing the effectiveness of reservoir operation and identifying reallocation opportunities under climate change
Authors: Longyang Qianqiu , Zeng Ruijie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Reservoirs are designed and operated to mitigate hydroclimatic variability and extremes to fulfill various beneficial purposes. Existing reservoir infrastructure capacity and operation policies derived from historical records are challenged by hydrologic regime change and storage reduction from sedimentation. Furthermore, climate change could amplify the water footprint of reservoir operation (i.e. non-beneficial evaporative loss), further influencing the complex interactions among hydrologic variability, reservoir characteristics, and operation decisions. Disentangling and quantifying these impacts is essential to assess the effectiveness of reservoir operation under future climate and identify the opportunities for adaptive reservoir management (e.g. storage reallocation). Using reservoirs in Texas as a testing case, this study develops data-driven models to represent the current reservoir operation policies and assesses the challenges and opportunities in flood control and water supply under dynamically downscaled climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. We find that current policies are robust in reducing future flood risks by eliminating small floods, reducing peak magnitude, and extending the duration for large floods. Current operation strategies can effectively reduce the risk of storage shortage for many reservoirs investigated, but reservoir evaporation and sedimentation pose urgent needs for revisions in the current guidelines to enhance system resilience. We also identify the opportunities for reservoir storage reallocation through seasonal-varying conservation pool levels to improve water supply reliability with negligible flood risk increase. This study provides a framework for stakeholders to evaluate the effectiveness of the current reservoir operation policy under future climate through the interactions among hydroclimatology, reservoir infrastructure, and operation policy.
Parcel level temporal variance of remotely sensed spectral reflectance predicts plant diversity
Authors: Rossi Christian , McMillan Nicholas A , Schweizer Jan M , Gholizadeh Hamed , Groen Marvin , Ioannidis Nikolaos , Hauser Leon T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Over the last two decades, considerable research has built on remote sensing of spectral diversity to assess plant diversity. The spectral variation hypothesis (SVH) proposes that spatial variation in reflectance data of an area is positively associated with plant diversity. While the SVH has exhibited validity in dense forests, it performs poorly in highly fragmented and temporally dynamic agricultural landscapes covered mainly by grasslands. Such underperformance can be attributed to the mosaic-like spatial structure of human-dominated landscapes with fields in varying phenological and management stages. Therefore, we argued for re-evaluating SVH’s flawed window-based spatial analysis and underutilized temporal component. In particular, we captured the spatial and temporal variation in reflectance and assessed the relationships between spatial and temporal components of spectral diversity and plant diversity at the parcel level as a unit that relates to management patterns. Our investigation spanned three grasslands on two continents covering a wide spectrum of agricultural usage intensities. To calculate different components of spectral diversity, we used multi-temporal spaceborne Sentinel-2 data. We showed that plant diversity was negatively associated with the temporal component of spectral diversity across all sites. In contrast, the spatial component of spectral diversity was related to plant diversity in sites with larger parcels. Our findings highlighted that in agricultural landscapes, the temporal component of spectral diversity drives the spectral diversity-plant diversity associations. Consequently, our results offer a novel perspective for remote sensing of plant diversity globally.
Mechanical properties of jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) wood 13 years old and its potential utilization as a structural material
Authors: Herawati E , Anna N , Dabukke F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) is a type of fast-growing tree that is expected to meet the national demand for wood because it has fast-growing properties. This study’s objective was to examine the mechanical properties of 13 years old jabon wood based on its position in the stem. The preparation of mechanical properties test samples and their tests refer to the British Standard (BS) 373 Methods of testing small clear specimens of timber and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D143 Standard test method for small clear specimens of timber. Based on the results of the study, the stem parts (bottom, middle, and top) had no significant effect on the mechanical properties of wood except for the compressive strength parallel to the grain and hardness. In general, the mechanical properties showed an increase from the bottom to the top of the stem and from the pith toward the bark, although there were some differences. The mechanical properties of jabon wood obtained from this study generally showed higher values than jabon wood used in other studies with younger ages, although in general, it did not change the category of jabon wood from strength class III-IV. However, its use as a structural material would be more profitable than using a younger age of jabon wood, as it is usually harvested so far.
Extraction of essential oil from cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) bark using microwave assisted extraction method
Authors: Hasibuan R , Hidayati J , Iqbal M , Pratama M F D , Fazillah R , Pramananda V 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cinnamon is one of the essential commodities that is very prospective and rich in benefits. The demand for cinnamon bark essential oil is always increasing every year. This condition indicates that the potential utilization of cinnamon bark essential oil is still wide open along with the development of the food, cosmetic and drug industries. The goal of this research is to extract the essential oil from cinnamon bark using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method, as well as to determine the best operation condition that can result the optimum yield of essential oil. This research was carried out with a variation of solvents of aquadest, 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate; variations of microwave power of 180, 300 and 450 W; and variations in extraction time of 60, 75 and 90 minutes. The results showed that the best solvent for extracting cinnamon bark essential oil was 70% ethanol. Furthermore, the best operating conditions were obtained using a microwave power of 300 W and an extraction time of 90 minutes, with an essential oil yield of 6.92 %. The physical properties of the essential oil obtained are a density of 1.1041 g/mL; refractive index 1.416; pH 6, light yellow color and a distinctive cinnamon aroma.
Antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae fed with empty fruit bunch and tofu waste
Authors: Siregar D J S , Julianti E , Tafsin M , Suryanto D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) are prohibited for use in livestock due to their detrimental effects on consumer safety and livestock productivity. Probiotics are an alternative to AGP because they offer microorganisms that are beneficial to the livestock health. In this investigation, Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae’s will be isolated, tested for their antimicrobial activities and molecularly identified using 16S rRNA gene with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. The larvae are fed with empty fruit bunch and tofu wastes as a source of prebiotics to the indigenous LAB. The LAB isolates were enumerated and morpho-biochemically characterized. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial efficacy of LAB isolates against pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica serotype Pullorum, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium ATCC® 14028, and Escherichia coli ATCC® 8739. Nine bacterial isolates were purified from a population density of log 6 Colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL on de Man Rogosa Sharp (MRS) agar. Four LAB isolates were confirmed through (-) catalase activity and acids production (homofermentative). Two LAB isolates namely 5P3i3 and 5P3i5 were designated as the most potential strains against three pathogenic bacteria with the strongest inhibitory activities against E. coli, followed by S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and S. enterica ser. Pullorum. By using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the two LAB isolates were assigned to Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and submitted to GenBank as L. pentosus strain 5P3i3 (OP445834.1) and L. pentosus strain 5P3i5 (OP445835.1). The results of this study will be further investigated with the characterization of potential isolates as probiotic candidates to be supplemented in poultry.
The application of fertilizer subsidies in the context of coffee plantations in Pollung Sub-District, Humbang Hasundutan District, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Saraan M I K , Rambe R F A K , Syam A M , Suhendar A , Dalimunthe M A , Sinaga R P K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the application of fertilizer subsidies used by coffee farmers in the Humbang Hasundutan Regency. The research method used was qualitative. Three people became informants in this study, and data were collected through qualitative interviews. The results showed that coffee farmers in the Humbang Hasundutan District received high-quality subsidized fertilizer. However, there are some cases where fertilizer distribution is inadequate. For example, (1) the application of the type of fertilizer provided is good because farmers can apply for orders according to their needs in developing coffee farming, (2) the application of the amount of fertilizer distributed is also good because it is by the land area used by farmers, (3) but the application of fertilizer prices is not good because farmers have to pay additional costs that cause fertilizer prices to exceed the Highest Retail Price (HET), and (4) the distribution of fertilizer is not good because it often experiences delays. Thus, the government has a vital role in making national policies, local governments, agricultural agencies, and fertilizer producers or distributors in implementing and distributing fertilizer subsidies for coffee farmers in the Humbang Hasundutan Regency.
Utilization of Acacia auriculiformis tannins as a biomordant material for fabrics in the natural dyeing process using the ecoprint technique
Authors: Risnasari I , Nuryawan A , Sinaga A S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The ecoprint coloring techniques has the disadvantage that they fade easily. so a mordant is needed which functions as a color binder between the media and natural dyes so that they do not fade easily. Research was conducted to analyze the effect of acacia tannin compounds on color fastness. Tracing the chemical content in acacia bark powder was carried out by phytochemical screening methods. The stages of making ecoprint include mordanting. pattern and color printing and fixation. The results of phytochemical screening showed that acacia bark powder contains flavonoids. tannins. alkaloids. glycosides and triterpenoids. The yield of acacia tannins obtained from the extraction results was 22.47% with a tannin content of 19.61%. The ΔE value obtained in the color fading test against fabric washing produces a small (ΔE = 1-3). medium (ΔE = 3-6) and large (ΔE > 6) effects. Color coloring tests on fabric ironing produced little effect (ΔE=1-3). Based on the tests carried out. acacia tannins can be used as mordant materials.
Improvement of physical and mechanical properties of belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens) laminated boards using boric acid immersion
Authors: Hartono R , Rahmayani A , Sutiawan J , Sumardi I , Rofii M N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A laminate board is a composite board formed from a combination of several laminates and glued together using adhesives in the parallel direction of the fibers. Belangke bamboo, as a substitute for wood, can be used as raw material for making laminated boards. Belangke bamboo has fairly good strength but has a weakness, namely, being vulnerable to attacks by destructive agents. Adding boric acid immersion treatment is one of the modifications to laminated boards to increase their strength and durability against attacks by destructive organisms. This study aims to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of laminated boards from striped bamboo with the effect of immersion treatment from 0 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. The laminated board consists of 3 layers measuring 30 cm long, 15 cm wide, and 0.5 cm thick, which are glued using 280 g/m2 isocyanate adhesive and cold pressed for 24 hours with conditioning for ten days. The results of the physical properties test of this study obtained the average value in the weight percent gain (WPG) test ranged from 2.66-3.33%, density ranged from 0.79-0.97 g/cm3, moisture content ranged from 12.67%-13.40%, and delamination ranged from 2.37-7.77%. The results of mechanical properties testing showed the average value of modulus of elasticity (MOE) testing of 112383.20-127377.74 kg/cm2, modulus of rupture (MOR) of 371.69-578.95 kg/cm2, and shear strength ranged from 14.61–27.73 kg/cm2. From the analysis of variance, the best-laminated board is found in the 6-hour boric acid immersion time.
Design and fabrication of UASB-HCPB reactor assisted UF membrane for POME treatment to produce biogas
Authors: Adriani L , Trisakti B , Irvan I , Sidabutar R , Manurung J F , Passa R , Simbolon D K , Barasa J M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Anaerobic process is one of the biological wastewater treatment to produce biogas as renewable energy. Sludge is produced as the main characteristic of UASB (Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) which distinguishes it from other anaerobic technologies to produce biogas. A new design of UASB-HCPB (Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket - Hollow Centered Packed Bed) is used to overcome operational problems in UASB. This research has designed, manufactured, and installed a UASB-HCPB bioreactor with a heating system. UASB-HCPB was designed and fabricated with acrylic material and caldnes used for HCPB. The bioreactor was filled with water to determine the working volume of the bioreactor. The peristaltic pump as the process pump was calibrated; the liquid volume was measured for a certain time span. The jacket heating system was simultaneously controlled with a controller to obtain the temperature of the bioreactor. The working volume of the bioreactor was 5.49 liters. A further modification of the POME treatment is the use of membranes. The membrane used is the cross flow membrane type. The combination of anaerobic bioreactor and the use of membrane can separate the solid biomass from the digester suspension and recycle it to the digester. In this study, biogas production with fresh POME will be carried out using a UASB-HCPB reactor with a combination of ultrafiltration membranes under mesophilic conditions.
Mapping the tree damage index: A case study on the green lane in the urban area of Banda Aceh City
Authors: Muslih A M , Hidayat N E , Arlita T , Farida A , Dewiyanti I , Sugara A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Climate change mitigation efforts implemented by the Government of Banda Aceh by building green lanes with trees. The level of the tree’s ability to absorb carbon is highly correlated with the vitality of the tree itself. The health status of a tree can be known by the tree’s damage level. The aim of the research is to provide information on how much damage to trees and the degree of severity. The research was carried out on green lanes on urban streets in Banda Aceh City as many as 8 lines. The object of research is vegetation with the tree growth phase category, and tree damage index assessment using the forest health monitoring method with indicators of tree damage conditions with parameters of damage location code, damage type code, and damage level code. Based on the results, most of the trees suffered light damage. Of the total number of trees observed, there were 1797 individuals, 252 trees were in good health, 1494 were lightly damaged, 40 trees were medium damaged and 11 trees were heavily damaged. The type of damage experienced was dominated by 46% open wound, 32% cancer, 11% brum (excessive branching) and 11% the rest with other kinds of damage.
The potential biomass, carbon stock and CO2 sequestration of forest litters at Sibolangit nature park
Authors: Ulfa M , Ritonga Y E , Zahirah A , Silalahi R R , Sitinjak A R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Several factors generated CO2 releasing into the atmosphere in large quantities and persist. The CO2 concentration is continuously increase (exceeding 400 ppm in 2019) leading to more negative impact of global warming and climate change. Biomass is a key parameter in estimating and predicting ecosystem productivity, carbon storage, nutrient sharing, and fuel accumulation in assessing an ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the biomass, carbon stock and carbon sequestration of forest litters at Sibolangit nature park. The research data was recorded at Sibolangit Tourism Park, located in Sibolangit, Deli Serdang, North Sumatera. 0.5 m x 0.5 m plot was placed based on the simple random sampling method to collect the litters. The 5% sampling intensity was applied resulting in total of 30 sampling plots. All litter in the sample plots was collected and weighed to determine the wet weight. 100 grams of sample was then placed in a sample plastic and labelled. The litter biomass was calculated using the formula according to SNI7724-2011. This research calculated the biomass, carbon stock, and carbon sequestration of litter at Sibolangit nature park, i.e., 86.92 ton ha−1, 40.85 ton ha−1, and 149.94 ton ha−1. The results support the role of Sibolangit nature park in climate change mitigation by reduction of carbon emission.
Forest composition and carbon reserves in Bukit Barisan Forest Park, Dolat Rayat Village, Karo District
Authors: Utomo B , Dalimunthe A , Hakim L , Tampubolon T H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park Forest is a forest area formed from forests with protected forest status. In this forest area there is a main road connecting the cities of Medan and Berastagi, which is a tourist destination for people in North Sumatra. Therefore this area is very unique to study but is also vulnerable to logging disturbances, etc. Apart from that, tourist activities also put pressure on this area, especially during holiday periods. The aim of this research is to determine the composition of stands and the carbon content stored in Dolay Rayat Village, Karo Regency. The method used is a combination of stripes and plotted lines where the plots are placed using systematic sampling with random start. Meanwhile, allometric equations are used to estimate carbon stocks. The research used 50 sample plots (2 Ha) arranged in 10 transect lines. The results of the vegetation analysis that has been carried out show that there are 29 types of standing vegetation. The dominant species found at the seedling level are Eurya accuminata (IVI: 30.05), saplings are Altingia excelsa (IVI: 34.44), poles are Lithocarpus edulis (IVI: 44.61) and trees are Lithocarpus edulis (IVI: 30.82). This forest has moderate species diversity with an H’ value ranging from 2.41-2.76. Carbon reserves stored in forest areas in the administrative area of Dolat Rayat Village are quite high, namely 14,639.04 tons.
Reproductive biology of goldstripe sardinella (Sardinella gibbosa) landed at TPI Pantai Labu Deli Serdang, North Sumatra
Authors: Hasibuan J S , Waruwu B K , Susetya I E , Fadhilah A , Manurung V R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Goldstripe sardinella (Sardinella gibbosa) is a small pelagic fish found in Pantai Labu, Malacca Strait. Goldstripe sardinella has an important economic value and is in great demand by the local community because it has an affordable price so that it becomes the main target catch of fishermen. Increased fishing effort and demand are feared to have decreased population. This study aimed to determine the reproductive biology of Goldstripe sardinella (S. gibbosa) landed at the TPI Pantai Labu Deli Serdang, North Sumatra Province. This research was conducted from September to November 2022. The method used was a random purposive sampling method with an interval of one month. The number of fish samples was 209 fish with a total length of 134-208 mm and a total weight of 25.01-99.89 g. The sex ratio between males and females is 0.82:1 indicating the ratio is balanced. The GSI values were concurrent from GML I-GML IV with an overall GSI value of 2.39%, fecundity ranged from 1548-30858 grains with a partial spawning pattern.