bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defending Illicit Livelihoods: Youth Resistance in Harare's Contested Spaces
Authors: KAMETE AMIN Y. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn response to incessant assaults by the Zimbabwean state's repressive apparatus, spearheaded by the urban planning system, youth in Harare have shifted their modes of resistance. The most successful forms of resistance appear to be those that are multifarious, non‐confrontational and less docile. Empirical material from Harare suggests that the situation is best understood in the framework of more sophisticated conceptualizations of human agency and resistance than those proposed by modernist perspectives. It is shown that the resistance of the youth is about localized struggles that disrupt institutions and normalization. Arguing that the youth's continued occupation of contested urban spaces is a result of abandoning full‐scale confrontation in favour of ‘resistance at the margins’, the article concludes that a postmodernist analysis best explains the youths' modes of resistance.RésuméEn réaction aux assauts continuels menés par l'appareil répressif étatique du Zimbabwe avec, en fer de lance, le système d'urbanisme, les jeunes de Harare ont changé de modes de résistance. Les formes les plus performantes semblent être celles qui sont plurielles, non conflictuelles et plus sages. Les données empiriques sur Harare suggèrent que la situation est mieux appréhendée dans le cadre de conceptualisations de l'agence humaine et de la résistance plus sophistiquées que celles que proposent les approches modernistes. Il est montré que la résistance des jeunes porte sur des luttes localisées qui perturbent institutions et normalisation. Le fait que les jeunes occupent en permanence les espaces urbains contestés reflète leur renonciation à une confrontation massive au profit d'une ‘résistance aux marges’. L'article conclut qu'une analyse postmoderniste explique plus clairement les modes de résistance de la jeunesse.
Ineffectiveness of sun awareness posters in dermatology clinics
Authors: Jung GW , Senthilselvan A , Salopek TG 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground  Although sun awareness posters have been used in doctors’ offices and clinics for decades to promote sun protective behaviour, there is no evidence of their usefulness.Objectives  To investigate whether sun awareness posters lead to inquiry of skin cancer and sun protection measures.Method  Patients considered at risk for skin cancer seen at a dermatology clinic were randomly asked to complete a questionnaire designed to assess the effectiveness of three different sun awareness posters placed in patient rooms. The posters were selected on the basis of their catchy slogan and eye‐appealing images, and included those featuring parental interest, sex appeal and informative advice.Results  Only half of the patients noticed the posters (50.6%). The poster with sex appeal garnered the most attention (67.8%), followed by the informative poster (49.2%) and the parental interest poster (35.8%) (P < 0.001). Although patients who noticed the sun awareness poster inquired about cutaneous cancers and sun protection practices twice as often as those who did not notice the poster, only one‐tenth of such inquiries were attributed to the poster (∼5% of the target population). As reported in the questionnaire, the posters themselves were less effective than the advice of physicians in influencing patient attitudes towards sun protection measures.Conclusion  Organizations that produce and disseminate posters should consider beyond focus groups when they design their posters and should consider field testing their products to ensure that they are reaching the targeted audience and are having the expected beneficial effect, otherwise their posters are simply decorative.
Microbiological analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor therapy‐associated paronychia
Authors: Eames T , Grabein B , Kroth J , Wollenberg A 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground  Paronychia is a well‐known, but difficult to treat cutaneous toxicity associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy. Although bacterial and fungal infections as well as mechanical trauma may play a role as co‐pathogens, there is no good basis for an empirical antimicrobial chemotherapy in these patients.Materials and methods  We retrospectively analysed the microbiological results and resistance analysis of 42 cases of EGFR inhibitor‐associated paronychia induced by cetuximab.Results  We identified 20 different species, among these 72% Gram‐positive bacteria, 23% Gram‐negative bacteria and 5%Candida species. About half of the microbes identified may be considered as residential bacterial flora of the skin, but isolation of microbes from paronychia may indicate a pathogenic relevance for this type of reaction. Eight of our patients were treated with oral antibiotics, whereas two patients received oral antimycotic therapy. All other cases of paronychia were controlled using topical antiseptic, antibiotic and antimycotic agents.Conclusion  Empirical oral antibiotic treatment may be performed with oral cephalosporines, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin or moxifloxacin, as these antimicrobials have high in vitro activity against the majority of the isolated microorganisms and reach high concentrations in the relevant tissue.
Neuropeptidomic analysis establishes a major role for prohormone convertase‐2 in neuropeptide biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Pan Hui , Peng Bonnie , Steiner Donald F. , Pintar John E. , Fricker Lloyd D. 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 1168–1179.AbstractProhormone convertase 2 (PC2) functions in the generation of neuropeptides from their precursors. A quantitative peptidomics approach was used to evaluate the role of PC2 in the processing of peptides in a variety of brain regions. Altogether, 115 neuropeptides or other peptides derived from secretory pathway proteins were identified. These peptides arise from 28 distinct secretory pathway proteins, including proenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin, prodynorphin, protachykinin A and B, procholecystokinin, and many others. Forty one of the peptides found in wild‐type (WT) mice were not detectable in any of the brain regions of PC2 knockout mice, and another 24 peptides were present at levels ranging from 20% to 79% of WT levels. Most of the other peptides were not substantially affected by the mutation, with levels ranging from 80% to 120% of WT levels, and only three peptides were found to increase in one or more brain regions of PC2 knockout mice. Taken together, these results are consistent with a broad role for PC2 in neuropeptide processing, but with functional redundancy for many of the cleavages. Comparison of the cleavage sites affected by the absence of PC2 confirms previous suggestions that sequences with a Trp, Tyr, and/or Pro in the P1′ or P2′ position are preferentially cleaved by PC2 and not by other enzymes present in the secretory pathway.
Should parental prohibition of adolescents' peer relationships be prohibited?
Authors: SOENENS BART , VANSTEENKISTE MAARTEN , NIEMIEC CHRISTOPHER P. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract Research has revealed inconsistent associations between parents' prohibition of peer relationships and adolescents' deviant peer affiliation. This cross‐sectional study examined parents' styles of prohibition to test the hypothesis that an autonomy‐supportive style would relate negatively, whereas a controlling style would relate positively, to deviant peer affiliation. Such relations were expected because of the differential relations of styles of prohibition to adolescents' internalization of parental rules for friendships. Structural equation modeling provided support for the hypotheses in a sample of 234 Belgian midadolescents (Mage = 16.45 years; 65% female), as the differential relations of autonomy‐supportive and controlling styles of prohibition to deviant peer affiliation were mediated by their differential relations to internalization. Implications for research on parental peer management are discussed.
Accuracy and bias in perceptions of emotionally supportive communication in marriage
Authors: PRIEM JENNIFER S. , SOLOMON DENISE HAUNANI , STEUBER KELI RYAN 
Published: December 2009

Abstract This study examined accuracy and bias within people's perceptions of a spouse's emotionally supportive behavior in the United States. Hypotheses stated that people's self‐reported supportiveness, their marital satisfaction, and outside observers' ratings of their partner's support predict people's perceptions of their partner's supportiveness. Married dyads (N = 100) completed measures of marital satisfaction, engaged in a discussion about personal stressors, and rated their own and their spouse's emotional support during the interaction. Third‐party observers also provided a rating of each partner's emotionally supportive behavior. For husbands and wives, perceptions of partner support were positively associated with their own supportiveness and the partner's observable supportive communication. Marital satisfaction predicted greater perception of partner support for wives, but not for husbands.
The experiences of remarried stepfathers who pay child support
Authors: HANS JASON D. , COLEMAN MARILYN 
Published: December 2009

Abstract Remarried stepfathers' experiences paying child support for nonresidential children were explored using a multiple‐interview phenomenological approach with 11 fathers in the United States. Circumstances that negatively affected satisfaction with paying child support were seldom related to money, per se. Rather, the pervasive phenomenon that emerged was attempts at managing competing interests among themselves, their children, and their new families. Remarriage magnified feelings of disempowerment and introduced additional complexities to existing child support arrangements. Although generally satisfied with their child support obligations at divorce, fairness concerns arose over time and are situated within equity theory. Nonetheless, identity conceptualizations were more salient than exchange principles, and identity theory therefore frames a discussion on the centrality of a provider mentality among these fathers.
Relational closeness: Comparing undergraduate college students' geographically close and long‐distance friendships
Authors: JOHNSON AMY JANAN , HAIGH MICHEL M. , CRAIG ELIZABETH A. , BECKER JENNIFER A. H. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract As interpersonal relationships change with the advent of new technology, researchers need to reexamine their theoretical constructs (R. G. Adams, 1998). This study uses survey methodology to examine college undergraduates from the United States. It explores the concept of relational closeness by comparing how geographically close and long‐distance friends define closeness in their relationships. It assesses prior methods of defining and measuring closeness in interpersonal relationships for the impact of physical distance between the friends. Differences illustrate factors that are important in understanding relational closeness in general and in long‐distance relationships in particular.
Marital adjustment in post‐Soviet Eastern Europe: A focus on Lithuania
Authors: BABARSKIENE JURGITA , TWEED ROGER G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeventy‐five married female and 43 married male residents of Lithuania participated in a questionnaire study of their marital adjustment and marital chore division. The participants reported their marital chore division, beliefs about gender appropriateness for a list of chores, and the number of hours per week they spend on these chores. They also completed the Marital Adjustment Test (H. J. Locke & K. M. Wallace, 1959). Egalitarian chore practices were positively correlated with marital adjustment for women, but egalitarian chore beliefs were positively correlated with marital adjustment for men. The results are consistent with speculation that chore division may be particularly relevant to marital adjustment in a post‐Soviet context that has a tendency toward egalitarianism in the workplace, but not in the home.
Cambodia's forests and climate change: Mitigating drivers of deforestation
Authors: Poffenberger Mark 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is exploring a mechanism to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) to address global warming. This represents a major expansion of earlier forest‐oriented initiatives under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) that focused on afforestation and reforestation activities. While the scope of REDD projects is still being defined, potential categories include conservation, stock enhancement, and sustainable management, creating a range of new opportunities for forest‐related climate projects. The core concept behind REDD is that deforestation trends can be slowed, halted, or even reversed conserving billions of tons of carbon that would otherwise be emitted. To succeed, REDD projects will need to control powerful drivers of deforestation and forest degradation operating at multiple levels and carried‐out by a variety of actors, from rural people to political and economic elites. This case study of a REDD pilot project in northwest Cambodia explores how drivers might be contained under a project scenario and how the future international articulation of project design parameters could enable or constrain a global REDD strategy. The paper concludes that to be successful REDD projects will require a hybrid approach in which local drivers are controlled by communities and national drivers are mitigated through policy actions necessitating strong partnerships between diverse institutions.
Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change and variability in semi‐arid rural southeastern Arizona, USA
Authors: Coles Ashley R. , Scott Christopher A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAgricultural and livestock producers experiencing climate change and variability are simultaneously subject to other sources of environmental vulnerability, as well as political, social, and economic uncertainty. Producers' adaptive decision making takes into account short‐term seasonal factors, while seeking to preserve livelihood stability over the long term. This study identifies multiple sources of vulnerability for farmers and ranchers in southeastern Arizona, and the adaptive strategies they have adopted including the use of information such as seasonal climate forecasts (SCFs). Interviews with producers and extension agents in Pima and Cochise Counties reveal that the principal climatic risks are drought, floods and frosts, and that groundwater use remains a crucial strategy despite increasing pumping costs. Low risk tolerance and uncertainty of seasonal production and marketing conditions diminish the utility of SCFs as a decision‐making tool. Instead, farmers and ranchers continue to rely on past experience and short‐range forecasts, hedging each year instead of taking significant risks. By examining the role of climate information in complex production decisions, the study shows that access to information is not the principal limitation to improving decision making. Comparison to other regions reaffirms common vulnerabilities among producers and highlights research and communication needs that have global relevance.
Reconstruction of the White Sea Basin during the late Younger Dryas
Authors: PASANEN ANTTI , LUNKKA JUHA PEKKA , PUTKINEN NIKO 
Published: December 2009

Pasanen, A., Lunkka, J. P. & Putkinen, N. 2009: Reconstruction of the White Sea Basin during the late Younger Dryas. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00128.x. ISSN 0300‐9483The Weichselian Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) in the White Sea Basin retreated from its maximum position to the Kalevala end moraine between 17 000 and 11 500 years ago. Even though the deglaciation history is relatively well known, the palaeoenvironments in front of the ice sheet are still poorly understood and partly controversial. In the present paper, we use geomorphological, sedimentological and ground‐penetrating radar survey methods to study glaciofluvial plains and shorelines at the Kalevala end moraine. These data are used to define the shoreline gradient for the area and to numerically reconstruct the palaeotopography and the area and volume of the water body in the White Sea Basin during the late Younger Dryas 11 500 years ago. The results indicate that at three sites glaciofluvial plains represent Gilbert deltas deposited to the same water level next to the ice margin. Using the shoreline gradient of 0.42 m/km, it is shown that the water body in the White Sea Basin was extensive and relatively deep, inundating large, currently onshore, areas on the western side of the White Sea and the Arkhangelsk area to the east. The ice margin terminated in the White Sea, which was connected to the Barents Sea via the Gorlo Strait and separated from the Baltic drainage basin to the south.
Selection of two lines of mice based on latency to onset of methionine sulfoximine seizures
Authors: Cloix Jean‐François , Tahi Zahir , Martin Benoît , Hévor Tobias 
Published: December 2009

SummaryPurpose: In various animals methionine sulfoximine (MSO) induces tonic–clonic seizures resembling the most striking form of human epilepsies. The aim of the present study was to select two lines of mice based upon differences in their latency to MSO‐dependent seizures, in order to characterize them.Methods: Random crosses involving eight inbred mice strains were used to generate the starting population in which the first MSO challenge (75 mg/kg, i.p.) was performed. Two groups of 16 breeding pairs were established by mating mice having the shortest (MSO‐Fast) and the longest (MSO‐Slow) convulsion latencies. Mating and selection by latency to MSO (75 mg/kg, i.p.) was carried out over six generations.Results: MSO‐Fast mice presented a significantly shorter MSO latency, and were more susceptible to MSO than MSO‐Slow ones were. Electroencephalography (EEG) alterations were observed during the preconvulsive period when MSO‐Fast mice were submitted to 75 mg/kg of MSO, and MSO‐Slow ones to 200 mg/kg. Using another convulsant, kainic acid, the latency to convulse of MSO‐Fast mice was significantly shorter than that of the MSO‐Slow ones, whereas no difference was observed in response to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). MSO‐dependent convulsions were completely antagonized by MK‐801, and partially by valproic acid, suggesting a preferential involvement of glutamatergic pathways.Discussion: The model that we have developed for MSO “sensitive” and “resistant” mice could allow for a better understanding of MSO mechanisms of epileptogenesis, and it may also constitute a useful approach for therapeutic actions of drugs.
Spatiotemporal patterns of electrocorticographic very fast oscillations (>80 Hz) consistent with a network model based on electrical coupling between principal neurons
Authors: Traub Roger D. , Duncan Roderick , Russell Aline J.C. , Baldeweg Torsten , Tu Yuhai , Cunningham Mark O. , Whittington Miles A. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryPurpose:  We sought to characterize spatial and temporal patterns of electrocorticography (ECoG) very fast oscillations (> ∼80 Hz, VFOs) prior to seizures in human frontotemporal neocortex, and to develop a testable network model of these patterns.Methods:  ECoG data were recorded with subdural grids from two preoperative patients with seizures of frontal lobe onset in an epilepsy monitoring unit. VFOs were recorded from rat neocortical slices. A “cellular automaton” model of network oscillations was developed, extending ideas of Traub et al. (Neuroscience, 92, 1999, 407) and Lewis & Rinzel (Network: Comput Neural Syst, 11, 2000, 299); this model is based on postulated electrical coupling between pyramidal cell axons.Results:  Layer 5 of rat neocortex, in vitro, can generate VFOs when chemical synapses are blocked. Human epileptic neocortex, in situ, produces preseizure VFOs characterized by the sudden appearance of “blobs” of activity that evolve into spreading wavefronts. When wavefronts meet, they coalesce and propagate perpendicularly but never pass through each other. This type of pattern has been described by Lewis & Rinzel in cellular automaton models with spatially localized connectivity, and is demonstrated here with 120,000‐ to 5,760,000‐cell models. We provide a formula for estimating VFO period from structural parameters and estimate the spatial scale of the connectivity.Discussion:  These data provide further evidence, albeit indirect, that preseizure VFOs are generated by networks of pyramidal neurons coupled by gap junctions, each predominantly confined to pairs of neurons having somata separated by < ∼1–2 mm. Plausible antiepileptic targets are tissue mechanisms, such as pH regulation, that influence gap‐junction conductance.
Beliefs on Mandatory Influenza Vaccination of Health Care Workers in Nursing Homes: A Questionnaire Study from the Netherlands
Authors: Looijmans‐van den Akker Ingrid , Marsaoui Badyr , Hak Eelko , Van Delden Johannes J. M. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether nursing homes (NHs) made organizational improvements to increase influenza vaccination rates in healthcare workers (HCWs) and to quantify the beliefs of NH administrators on the arguments used in favor of implementation of mandatory influenza vaccination of HCWs.DESIGN: Anonymous questionnaire study.SETTING: Dutch NHs.PARTICIPANTS: Dutch NH administrators.MEASUREMENTS: Influenza vaccination rates in NH residents and NH HCWs, organizational aspects of influenza vaccination of HCWs, and agreement of respondents with arguments in favor of implementation of mandatory influenza vaccination in HCWs.RESULTS: Of the 310 distributed questionnaires, 185 were returned (response rate 59.7%). The average vaccination rate in NH HCWs was 18.8% and in NH residents was 91.6%. In all, 126 (68.1%) NHs had a written policy, 161 (87.0%) actively requested that their employees be immunized, and 161 (87.0%) offered information to HCWs in any way. Despite the fact that the majority of NH administrators (>69%) agreed with all arguments in favor of implementation of mandatory influenza vaccination, only a minority (24.3%) agreed that mandatory vaccination should be implemented if voluntary vaccination fails to reach sufficient vaccination rates.CONCLUSION: Despite the low vaccination rate of NH HCWs, most NH administrators did not support mandatory influenza vaccination of NH HCWs.