bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a synoptic MRI report for primary rectal cancer
Authors: Spiegle Gillian , Leon-Carlyle Marisa , Schmocker Selina , Fruitman Mark , Milot Laurent , Gagliardi Anna R , Smith Andy J , McLeod Robin S , Kennedy Erin D 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important imaging modality for pre-operative staging and surgical planning of rectal cancer, to date there has been little investigation on the completeness and overall quality of MRI reports. This is important because optimal patient care depends on the quality of the MRI report and clear communication of these reports to treating physicians. Previous work has shown that the use of synoptic pathology reports improves the quality of pathology reports and communication between physicians.

Methods
The aims of this project are to develop a synoptic MRI report for rectal cancer and determine the enablers and barriers toward the implementation of a synoptic MRI report for rectal cancer in the clinical setting. A three-step Delphi process with an expert panel will extract the key criteria for the MRI report to guide pre-operative chemoradiation and surgical planning following a review of the literature, and a synoptic template will be developed. Furthermore, standardized qualitative research methods will be used to conduct interviews with radiologists to determine the enablers and barriers to the implementation and sustainability of the synoptic MRI report in the clinic setting.

Conclusion
Synoptic MRI reports for rectal cancer are currently not used in North America and may improve the overall quality of MRI report and communication between physicians. This may, in turn, lead to improved patient care and outcomes for rectal cancer patients.
Abdominal angina due to recurrence of cancer of the papilla of Vater: a case report
Authors: Biolato Marco , Gabrieli Maria Letizia , Parente Antonello , Racco Simona , Costantini Melania , Bonomo Lorenzo , Rapaccini Gian Ludovico , Gasbarrini Giovanni , Grieco Antonio 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Abdominal angina is usually caused by atherosclerotic disease, and other causes are considered uncommon. This is the first report of a case of abdominal angina secondary to neoplastic vascular stenosis caused by local recurrence of an adenocarcinoma of the papilla of Vater.

Case presentation
An 80-year-old woman of Caucasian origin presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea. She had undergone a pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the papilla of Vater four years earlier. Computed tomography revealed a mass surrounding her celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. Her abdominal pain responded poorly to analgesic drugs, but disappeared when oral feedings were withheld. A duplex ultrasonography of the patient's splanchnic vessels was consistent with vascular stenosis. Parenteral nutrition was started and the patient remained pain free until her death.

Conclusion
Pain relief is an important therapeutic target in patients with cancer. In this case, abdominal pain was successfully managed only after the ischemic cause had been identified. The conventional analgesic therapy algorithm based on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids had been costly and pointless, whereas the simple withdrawal of oral feeding spared the patient of the discomfort of additional invasive procedures and allowed her to spend her remaining days in a completely pain-free state.
Core promoter acetylation is not required for high transcription from the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase promoter in maize
Authors: Horst Ina , Offermann Sascha , Dreesen Bjoern , Niessen Markus , Peterhansel Christoph 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundAcetylation of promoter nucleosomes is tightly correlated and mechanistically linked to gene activity. However, transcription is not necessary for promoter acetylation. It seems, therefore, that external and endogenous stimuli control histone acetylation and by this contribute to gene regulation. Photosynthetic genes in plants are excellent models with which to study the connection between stimuli and chromatin modifications because these genes are strongly expressed and regulated by multiple stimuli that are easily manipulated. We have previously shown that acetylation of specific histone lysine residues on the photosynthetic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Pepc) promoter in maize is controlled by light and is independent of other stimuli or gene activity. Acetylation of upstream promoter regions responds to a set of other stimuli which include the nutrient availability of the plant. Here, we have extended these studies by analysing histone acetylation during the diurnal and circadian rhythm of the plant.ResultsWe show that histone acetylation of individual lysine residues is removed from the core promoter before the end of the illumination period which is an indication that light is not the only factor influencing core promoter acetylation. Deacetylation is accompanied by a decrease in gene activity. Pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylation is not sufficient to prevent transcriptional repression, indicating that deacetylation is not controlling diurnal gene regulation. Variation of thePepcpromoter activity during the day is controlled by the circadian oscillator as it is maintained under constant illumination for at least 3 days. During this period, light-induced changes in histone acetylation are completely removed from the core promoter, although the light stimulus is continuously applied. However, acetylation of most sites on upstream promoter elements follows the circadian rhythm.ConclusionOur results suggest a central role of upstream promoter acetylation in the quantitative regulation of gene expression in this model gene. Induced core promoter acetylation is dispensable for the highest gene expression in the diurnal and circadian rhythm.
Repressive and non-repressive chromatin at native telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Loney Esther R , Inglis Peter W , Sharp Sarah , Pryde Fiona E , Kent Nicholas A , Mellor Jane , Louis Edward J 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes that are located close to a telomere can become transcriptionally repressed by an epigenetic process known as telomere position effect. There is large variation in the level of the telomere position effect among telomeres, with many native ends exhibiting little repression.

Results
Chromatin analysis, using microccocal nuclease and indirect end labelling, reveals distinct patterns for ends with different silencing states. Differences were observed in the promoter accessibility of a subtelomeric reporter gene and a characteristic array of phased nucleosomes was observed on the centromere proximal side of core X at a repressive end. The silent information regulator proteins 2 - 4, the yKu heterodimer and the subtelomeric core X element are all required for the maintenance of the chromatin structure of repressive ends. However, gene deletions of particular histone modification proteins can eliminate the silencing without the disruption of this chromatin structure.

Conclusion
Our data identifies chromatin features that correlate with the silencing state and indicate that an array of phased nucleosomes is not sufficient for full repression.
Pathologic dislocation of the shoulder secondary to septic arthritis: a case report
Authors: Bagheri Farshid , Ebrahimzadeh Mohamad H , Sharifi Seyed Reza , Ahmadzadeh-Chabok Hossien , Khajah-Mozaffari Javad , Fattahi Asieh S 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Septic arthritis of the shoulder is uncommon in adults, and complete dislocation of the glenohumeral joint following septic arthritis is extremely rare. We report a case of pathologic shoulder dislocation secondary to septic arthritis in an intravenous drug abuser.
Closed total talus dislocation without fracture: a case report
Authors: Sharifi Seyed Reza , Ebrahimzadeh Mohamad H , Ahmadzadeh-Chabok Hosein , Khajeh-Mozaffari Javad 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Total dislocation of the talus from all of its joints is a rare injury specially when the talus and malleoli are not fractured and frequently it is as a result of a high-energy trauma. It usually leads to degenerative changes in neighboring joints and frequently avascular necrosis is a predictable outcome. We present a case of total talus dislocation because of a high-energy trauma in association with other major fractures resulting from a fall from height, but no fracture could be detected in the talus and any of malleols. Closed reduction was unsuccessful and we performed open reduction. At 6 month post operation follow-up, the talus didn't show subluxation and avascular necrosis could not be detected.
The macrophage: the intersection between HIV infection and atherosclerosis
Authors: Crowe Suzanne M , Westhorpe Clare L V , Mukhamedova Nigora , Jaworowski Anthony , Sviridov Dmitri , Bukrinsky Michael 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Review of the increased risk of coronary artery disease with HIV-1 infection, association with traditional risk factors, monocyte activation, and impaired cholesterol metabolism.
HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) with underlying mechanisms including chronic immune activation and inflammation secondary to HIV-induced microbial translocation and low-grade endotoxemia; direct effects of HIV and viral proteins on macrophage cholesterol metabolism; and dyslipidemia related to HIV infection and specific antiretroviral therapies. Monocytes are the precursors of the lipid-laden foam cells within the atherosclerotic plaque and produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. The minor CD14+/CD16+ “proinflammatory” monocyte subpopulation is preferentially susceptible to HIV infection and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of HIV-related CAD. In this review, the central role of monocytes/macrophages in HIV-related CAD and the importance of inflammation and cholesterol metabolism are discussed.
Association of Duoxes with Thyroid Peroxidase and Its Regulation in Thyrocytes
Authors: Song Yue , Ruf Jean , Lothaire Philippe , Dequanter Didier , Andry Guy , Willemse Esther , Dumont Jacques Emile , Van Sande Jacqueline , De Deken Xavier 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Context: Thyroid hormone synthesis requires H2O2 produced by dual oxidases (Duoxes) and thyroperoxidase (TPO). Defects in this system lead to congenital hypothyroidism. H2O2 damage to the thyrocytes may be a cause of cancer.
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether Duox and TPO, the H2O2 producer and consumer, might constitute a complex in the plasma membrane of human thyroid cells, thus maximizing efficiency and minimizing leakage and damage.
Design: The interaction between Duox and TPO was studied by coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting of plasma membranes from incubated follicles prepared from freshly resected human thyroid tissue from patients undergoing thyroidectomy, and COS-7 cells transiently transfected with the entire Duoxes or truncated [amino (NH2) or carboxyl (COOH) terminal].
Results: The following results were reached: 1) Duox and TPO from membranes are coprecipitated, 2) this association is up-regulated through the Gq-phospholipase C-Ca2+-protein kinase C pathway and down-regulated through the Gs-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway, 3) H2O2 increases the association of Duox1 and Duox2 to TPO in cells and in membranes, and 4) truncated NH2- or COOH-terminal Duox1 and Duox2 proteins show different binding abilities with TPO.
Conclusion: Coimmunoprecipitations show that Duox and TPO locate closely in the plasma membranes of human thyrocytes, and this association can be modulated by H2O2, optimizing working efficiency and minimizing H2O2 spillage. This association could represent one part of a postulated pluriprotein complex involved in iodination. This suggests that defects in this association could impair thyroid hormone synthesis and lead to thyroid insufficiency and cell damage.
Numerical investigations of pressure loss and heat transfer in a 180° bend of a ribbed two-pass internal cooling channel with engine-similar cross-sections
Authors: Schüler M , Neumann S O , Weigand B 
Published: December 2009

Numerical investigations of a two-pass internal cooling channel with engine representative cross-sections related to turbine blade cooling were conducted. The channel consisted of a trapezoidal leading edge pass, a sharp 180° bend, and a nearly rectangular outlet pass. The numerical predictions were validated against experimental results in terms of pressure distributions, total pressure losses, and local heat transfer coefficient distributions. The investigations focused on the influence of rib turbulators and tip-to-web distance on the pressure loss and heat transfer. The channel was equipped with skewed ribs (α = 45°, P/ e = 10, and e/ dh = 0.1) in a parallel and a staggered configuration. The dimensionless tip-to-web distance Wel/ dS was varied from 0.6 to 2.0. The investigated Reynolds number was 50 000. The computational study was performed by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes equations with the commercial finite-volume-solver FLUENT and three turbulence models: the realizable k—ε turbulence model with a two-layer wall treatment, the k—ω—SST model, and the v2– f model. The computations were performed on hybrid, unstructured grids created with the semi-automatic grid generator CENTAUR. The predictions using the k—ω—SST model were in overall agreement with the experimental results, showing an increasing pressure loss with a decreasing tip-to-web distance while the heat transfer was increased to a smaller extent.
Foam sclerotherapy techniques: different gases and methods of preparation, catheter versus direct injection
Authors: Cavezzi A , Tessari L 
Published: December 2009

Introduction Foam sclerotherapy has gained a great popularity among phlebologists worldwide, although a major lack of homogeneity in the material used to produce sclerosant foam (SF) and to inject SF has been reported. Aims To highlight the literature data and a few personal clinical and experimental outcomes concerning the main variables in SF production and injection. Methods A review of the published literature and of our own 12 year clinical and experimental experience has been undertaken in order to focus on a few variables of the material and methods used to produce SF with Tessari method and to inject SF. Results In SF production, differences in gas components, liquid to gas ratio, as well in disposable material can variably influence the resulting SF. Similarly SF injection through ultrasound guidance, with needle, or with short/long catheter may exhibit different foam behaviours according to the variable material and techniques which are employed. More recently the introduction of long catheters, possibly together with hook phlebectomy, seems to potentiate the short-mid term outcomes of foam sclerotherapy. Conclusion SF formation is greatly influenced by the choice of the gas component, the liquid-to-gas ratio, the type of syringes; also larger needles are to be preferred for injection of SF, while long catheters seem to represent a valid alternative especially when combined with tumescence to minimise saphenous diameter.
Sampling Practices of Internal Auditors at Corporations on the Standard & Poor's Toronto Stock Exchange Composite Index*
Authors: Maingot Michael , Quon Tony K. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to find out how often statistical and nonstatistical audit sampling practices are used by internal auditors in companies listed on the Standard and Poor's (S&P) Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) Composite Index and how such practices are related to the training and background of the respondents. We adapted the questionnaire used by Hall, Hunton, and Pierce (2002) in their survey of U.S. auditors in public accounting, industry, and government.Although 20 percent of companies responding do not have an internal audit department, the other 80 percent use statistical methods to plan sample sizes 15 percent (+5 percent) of the time, random sample selection methods 23 percent (+5 percent) of the time, but statistical evaluation methods only 10% (+4%) of the time. Despite the low percentage use, almost half of the respondents reported substantial training in statistical sampling and evaluation methods. Moreover, we found statistically significantly higher proportions of respondents with substantial training in audit sampling methods among companies cross‐listed on U.S. exchanges compared with companies listed only on the TSX.Finally, respondents with a chartered accountant designation tend to have a negative impact on the use of statistical methods in audit sampling, and companies cross‐listed on U.S. exchanges tend to have larger internal audit departments than companies listed only on the TSX.
Great Galway Goslings: Organizational Context of Managerial Accounting*
Authors: Abdallah Wagdy , Henry Theresa F. , Murtuza Athar , Weiss Renee E. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis case seeks to enhance student understanding of the relationship between accounting information and the order fulfllment and production activities of a manufacturing frm, Great Galway Goslings. Great Galway Goslings manufactures goose sculptures and has been suffering losses in recent years. Students draw on the skills they learned in financial accounting to analyze the company's order fulfllment activities, identify economic transactions, and prepare journal entries. The case provides a link to managerial accounting topics as students use segment financial statements to create contribution margin income statements, perform break‐even analyses, and recommend whether Great Galway Goslings should keep its retail business segment. Students will become familiar with the key features of business process management (BPM) and the extensive, real‐world activities that a manufacturing entity engages in to fll an order. Students will analyze the company's existing order fulfllment process and apply their knowledge of BPM to recommend process improvements for Great Galway. This case contributes to the accounting case literature by serving as a bridge from financial accounting to managerial accounting, intertwining many topics from managerial accounting into one cohesive case, and providing real‐world business process knowledge. Student feedback indicates that, overall, the case met its stated learning objectives. Great Galway Goslings is appropriate for an undergraduate introductory managerial accounting course but can be adapted to the equivalent graduate‐level course or an accounting information systems course.
The Tumor Suppressor p53 Transcriptionally Regulates cGKI Expression during Neuronal Maturation and Is Required for cGMP-Dependent Growth Cone Collapse
Authors: Tedeschi Andrea , Nguyen Tuan , Steele Sonya Ulrike , Feil Susanne , Naumann Ulrike , Feil Robert , Di Giovanni Simone 
Published: December 2009

The cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) has multiple functions including a role in axonal growth and pathfinding of sensory neurons, and counteracts Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-induced growth cone collapse. Within the nervous system, however, the transcriptional regulation of cGKI is still obscure. Recently, the transcription factor and tumor suppressor p53 has been reported to promote neurite outgrowth by regulating the gene expression of factors that promote growth cone extension, but specific p53 targets genes that may counteract growth cone collapse have not been identified so far. Here, we show that p53 promotes cGKI expression in neuronal-like PC-12 cells and primary neurons by occupying specific regulatory elements in a chromatin environment during neuronal maturation. Importantly, we demonstrate that p53-dependent expression of cGKI is required for the ability of cGMP to counteract growth cone collapse. Growth cone retraction mediated by Sema3A is overcome by cGMP only in wild-type, but not in p53-null dorsal root ganglia. Reconstitution of p53 levels is sufficient to recover both cGKI expression and the ability of cGMP to counteract growth cone collapse, while cGKI overexpression rescues growth cone collapse in p53-null primary neurons.In conclusion, this study identifies p53 as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of cGKI during neuronal maturation and cGMP-dependent inhibition of growth cone collapse.
Diagnosis, management and therapeutic outcome in prepubertal Cushing's disease
Authors: Dias R P , Kumaran A , Chan L F , Martin L , Afshar F , Matson M , Plowman P N , Monson J P , Besser G M , Grossman A B , Savage M O , Storr H L 
Published: December 2009

ObjectivesCushing's disease (CD) in prepubertal children is very rare and presents important diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report experience of the management of this subpopulation of CD patients.Study design/methodsRetrospective patient case note review.ResultsBetween 1985 and 2008, 17 prepubertal children (13M, 4F), aged 5.7–14.1 years presented to our centre for diagnosis and management of CD. All children had subnormal linear growth and excessive weight gain at presentation. A high proportion (85% of males, 75% of females) had evidence of excessive virilisation. Striae and hypertension were seen in 41% of patients. The investigation with highest sensitivity (100%) for CD was excessive increase of serum cortisol to i.v. CRH (mean increase 113%). Pituitary imaging performed in all the patients showed poor concordance with findings at surgery (31%). In contrast bilateral simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BSIPSS), performed in 11/16 subjects showed a high correlation with surgical findings (91%). In 16 patients, transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy (TSS) achieved a cure rate of 44%. However, in the 11 patients who had pre-operative BSIPSS, the cure rate was 64%. Of the 16 patients, 9 patients who were not cured by TSS received external pituitary radiotherapy.ConclusionsPrepubertal CD had distinctive features with increased frequency in males, abnormal auxology and excessive virilisation. The cortisol response to i.v. CRH administration was particularly exuberant and contributed to diagnosis. BSIPSS was much more helpful than pituitary imaging in localisation of the microadenoma and was associated with improved cure rate by TSS.
Problem-based evidence: nem konvencionális klinikai vizsgálati metodikák a sebészetbenr
Authors: Szűcs Ákos , Harsányi László 
Published: December 2009

Absztrakt
A bizonyítékalapú orvoslás világában egy innováció elfogadtatásához a randomizált, kontrollált vizsgálatok elengedhetetlenek. A farmakológiai vizsgálatok gyakorlatával ellentétben azonban a sebészi innováció számos buktatót rejt: kontrollcsoport felállítása sokszor nem egyszerű, a placebo fogalma sem könnyen definiálható, az álműtétek alkalmazása sem jogi, sem etikai formában nincs kellően szabályozva, ugyanakkor esetleges szakmai előnyei is kétségesek. A tanulási folyamatból eredő, időben és térben változó kockázat is a sebészeti kutatások sajátos velejárója. Igény mutatkozik tehát olyan vizsgálati módszertan keresésére, amely az előbb említett nehézségeket áthidalja, klinikailag mégis releváns és széles körben elfogadtatható eredménnyel járhat. A nemzetközi irodalomban egyre többször találkozhatunk a problem-based evidence kifejezéssel, amely az evidenciákat konkrét gyakorlati problémákból kiindulva, a felhalmozódó szakmai tudásból és tapasztalatokból nyeri, ezért a manuális szakmák kutatásait illetően számos előnyt jelenthet a randomizált vizsgálatokkal szemben. Ilyen vizsgálati metodikákkal a jelenleginél jóval szélesebb körben nyílhat lehetőség sebészi kutatások indítására és nemzetközi elfogadtatására.