bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summary of ‘Mono‐ and multifaceted inhalant and/or food allergen reduction interventions for preventing asthma in children at high risk of developing asthma’
Authors: Office Evidence‐Based Child Health Editorial 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Maas T, Kaper J, Sheikh A, Knottnerus JA, Wesseling G, Dompeling E, Muris JWM, van Schayck CP. Mono and multifaceted inhalant and/or food allergen reduction interventions for preventing asthma in children at high risk of developing asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006480. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006480.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Reminder Systems and Late Patient Tracers in the Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis’
Authors: Kelly Paul M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Liu Q, Abba K, Alejandria MM, Balanag VM, Berba RP, Lansang MAD. Reminder systems and late patient tracers in the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006594. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006594.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Synthesis and Conformational Properties of Nonsymmetric Pillar[5]arenes and Their Acetonitrile Inclusion Compounds
Authors: Kou Yuhui , Tao Hongqi , Cao Derong , Fu Zhiyong , Schollmeyer Dieter , Meier Herbert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe catalytic cyclocondensation of 1‐butoxy‐4‐methoxy‐2,5‐bis(methoxymethyl)benzene (1d) affords a statistical mixture of the regioisomeric pillar[5]arenes 3a–d in high yield. The alkoxy groups are arranged stereoselectively in a mode so that they avoid steric interactions. The rotation of the benzene rings is, at room temperature, fast in terms of the NMR timescale and leads to a de facto Cs symmetry for 3a–c and a C5h symmetry for 3d. All four structural isomers can encapsulate two CH3CN guest molecules. The structure determinations are based on four crystal structure analyses (constitutions) and NMR spectroscopic measurements (conformations).
Erinacine A biosynthesis in submerged cultivation of Hericium erinaceum: Quantification and improved cultivation
Authors: Krzyczkowski Wojciech , Malinowska Eliza , Herold Franciszek 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the validation of an HPLC method for quantitative determination of erinacine A as well as optimization of the culture medium composition for its effective production in submerged culture of the edible and medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceum. The effects of different medium components were examined by the one‐factor‐at‐a‐time method and then by the central composite rotatable design. The most favorable combination of nutrient medium constituents ensuring the highest erinacine A production was found to be: glucose 69.87 g/L, casein peptone 11.17 g/L, NaCl 1.45 g/L, ZnSO4 55.24 mg/L, KH2PO4 1.0 g/L, and pH 4.5. The kinetics of metabolite biosynthesis was examined during the cultivation in a 10‐L bioreactor. Under the optimal conditions the biomass yield was 13.3±2.6 g/L, while the production of erinacine A was 192±42 mg/L. The optimal time to obtain the highest production of erinacine A during cultivation of H. erinaceum in a bioreactor was eight days.
Muscle dysmorphia symptomatology during a period of religious fasting: A case report
Authors: Murray Stuart B. , Rieger Elizabeth , Touyz Stephen W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present a case of muscle dysmorphia in a Muslim male, whose muscle dysmorphia symptomatology markedly escalated during a period of religious fasting, in which abstinence from food and liquid during daylight hours was endorsed. This case represents the first attempt to delineate the relative centrality of eating versus exercise practices in muscle dysmorphia presentations, and suggests that the maintenance of muscle dysmorphia is inclusive of a central eating component, irrespective of exercise status, lending support to the notion of conceptualising muscle dysmorphia within an eating disorder spectrum. Implications and further research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Do abnormalities in regional cerebral blood flow in anorexia nervosa resolve after weight restoration?
Authors: Frampton I. , Watkins B. , Gordon I. , Lask B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have demonstrated localised abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in anorexia nervosa, suggesting reduction of cerebral activity and function in specific regions. There is debate as to whether such findings are secondary to starvation or indicative of a primary abnormality predating the illness, representing an underlying biological substrate. This small study, the first in early onset anorexia nervosa, reports findings of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at both baseline and follow up.MethodNine participants who had previously undergone rCBF studies at the start of treatment, had a repeat scan at an average of 4.2 years later.ResultsSeven out of the nine had persisting reduced cerebral blood flow in one area of the brain, predominantly the medial temporal region.DiscussionThese data suggest that in the majority of cases rCBF does not return to normal following weight restoration. The implications for future research are explored. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Emission allowance allocation with multiple equity principles in deregulated power systems
Authors: Xie J. , Zhong J. , Gan D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEquity is an essential issue to consider in emission allowance allocation problems to ensure the participation of as many market participants as possible. Various equity principles have been practiced in emission allowance allocations, and some of them conflict. The main purpose of this work is to present an emission allowance allocation methodology that takes into account both individual interests and different versions of equity and makes progress toward reaching a global consensus for emission allowance allocation in deregulated power systems. We propose nine equity principles for emission allowance allocation. We combine a hierarchical system with a voting mechanism to incorporate various definitions of equity and to find a compromise solution. The voting mechanism is used for selecting equity principles for each power plant (market participant). The hierarchical system is composed of two subsystems. The upper level subsystem computes the emission allowances among all regions, while the lower level subsystem obtains the emission allowances among the power plants in each region. A test power system serves to illustrate the essential features of the proposed methodology, and the results are used to investigate the choice of equity principles of different types of power plants located in different regions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radial basis function neural network model for mean velocity and vorticity of capillary flow
Authors: El‐Bakry Mostafa Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) simulation has been designed to simulate and predict the mean velocity of capillary flow in transition from laminar to turbulent flow and the root‐mean‐square vorticity as a function of wall‐normal position at different values of Reynolds number. The system was trained on the available data of the two cases. Therefore, we designed the system to work in automatic way for finding the best network that has the ability to have the best test and prediction. The proposed system shows an excellent agreement with that of an experimental data in these cases. The technique has been also designed to simulate the other distributions not presented in the training set and predicted them with effective matching. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Godunov‐type fractional semi‐implicit method based on staggered grid for dam‐break modeling
Authors: Yekta Amir Hossein Asadiani , Banihashemi Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA semi‐implicit finite volume model based upon staggered grid is presented for solving shallow water equation. The model employs a time‐splitting scheme that uses a predictor–corrector method for the advection term. The fluxes are calculated based on a Riemann solver in the prediction step and a downwind scheme in the correction step. A simple TVD scheme is employed for shock capturing purposes in which the Minmond limiter is used for flux functions. As a consequence of using staggered grid, an ADI method is adopted for solving the discretized equations for 2‐D problems. Several 1‐D and 2‐D flows have been modeled with satisfactory results when compared with analytical and experimental test cases. The model is also capable of simulating supercritical as well as subcritical flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive Lagrangian–Eulerian computation of propagation and rupture of a liquid plug in a tube
Authors: Hassan Ez A. , Uzgoren Eray , Fujioka Hideki , Grotberg James B. , Shyy Wei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLiquid plug propagation and rupture occurring in lung airways can have a detrimental effect on epithelial cells. In this study, a numerical simulation of a liquid plug in an infinite tube is conducted using an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach and the continuous interface method. A reconstruction scheme is developed to allow topological changes during plug rupture by altering the connectivity information about the interface mesh. Results prior to the rupture are in reasonable agreement with the study of Fujioka et al. in which a Lagrangian method is used. For unity non‐dimensional pressure drop and a Laplace number of 1000, rupture time is shown to be delayed as the initial precursor film thickness increases and rupture is not expected for thicknesses larger than 0.10 of tube radius. During the plug rupture process, a sudden increase of mechanical stresses on the tube wall is recorded, which can cause tissue damage. The peak values of those stresses increase as the initial precursor film thickness is reduced. After rupture, the peaks in mechanical stresses decrease in magnitude as the plug vanishes and the flow approaches a fully developed behavior. Increasing initial pressure drop is shown to linearly increase maximum variations in wall pressure and shear stress. Decreasing the pressure drop and increasing the Laplace number appear to delay rupture because it takes longer for a fluid with large inertial forces to respond to the small pressure drop. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viscous flow in a mixed compression intake
Authors: Kotteda V. M. Krushnarao , Mittal Sanjay 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNumerical simulation of the flow in a two‐dimensional mixed compression intake is carried out by solving unsteady viscous compressible equations using a stabilized finite element method. The effect of bleed in starting/unstarting of the intake and controlling the buzz instability is investigated in detail. Higher bleed leads to an increase in the ability of the intake to sustain larger back‐pressure for stable operation. The amount of bleed and its location is varied to understand its effect on the performance of the intake. Two kinds of unsteady oscillations are observed: ‘little’ and ‘big’ buzz. The frequency of the both kinds of buzz oscillations is found to be super‐harmonic of the fundamental acoustic frequency of intake modeled as an open‐closed organ pipe. The frequency as well as amplitudes of the big buzz cycles is larger than those of the little buzz. The little‐ and big‐buzz are found to occur for low‐ and high‐subcritical state of the intake and are very similar to Ferri and Dailey criteria, respectively. Buzz is eliminated when relatively high bleed is implemented, both, upstream and downstream of the throat. The effect of rate of change of back‐pressure on the start/unstart of the intake is investigated. Two situations are considered. The first case is that of an intake where the back‐pressure remains below the critical value. It is found that the intake remains started if the change in back‐pressure is gradual. However, it unstarts if the back‐pressure is changed relatively rapidly. The second set of simulations is an attempt to model the situation where the back‐pressure at the exit of the intake exceeds the critical value and a logic is incorporated in the feed back loop of the fuel modulation to start the intake. Low rate of change of pressure is unsuccessful in starting the intake. Relatively high rates result in either a quick starting of the intake or a slow unstart. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐precision unstructured adaptive mesh technique for gas–liquid two‐phase flows
Authors: Ito Kei , Kunugi Tomoaki , Ohshima Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAdaptive mesh techniques are used widely in the numerical simulations of fluid flows, and the simulation results with high accuracies are obtained by appropriate mesh adaptations. However, gas–liquid two‐phase flows are still difficult to be simulated on adaptive meshes, especially on unstructured adaptive meshes, because the physical phenomena near gas–liquid interfaces are highly complicated and in general, not modeled appropriately on adaptive meshes. In this paper, a high‐precision unstructured adaptive mesh technique for gas–liquid two‐phase flows is developed and verified/validated. In the unstructured adaptive mesh technique, the PLIC algorithm is employed to simulate interfacial dynamic behaviors and, therefore, the reconstruction method for the interfaces in refined cells is developed, which satisfies the gas and liquid volume conservations and geometrical conservations of interfaces. In addition, the physics‐based consideration is performed on the momentum calculations near interfaces, and the calculation method with gas and liquid momentum conservations is developed. For verification, the slotted‐disk revolution problem is solved. As a result, the unstructured adaptive mesh technique succeeds in reproducing the slotted‐disk shape accurately and well maintaining the shape after one full‐revolution. The dam‐break problem is also simulated and the momentum conservative calculation method succeeds in providing physically appropriate results, which show good agreements with experimental data. Therefore, it is confirmed that the developed unstructured adaptive mesh technique is very efficient to simulate gas–liquid two‐phase flows accurately. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of targets of specific miRNAs by selective amplification of Ago2‐associated mRNA
Authors: Zhao Botao , Shi Yi , Qin Wenmin , Li Chaoqun , Wu Mengjun , Ma Jiexian , Tang Lintao , Jin Youxin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo study the function of a miRNA, it is necessary to identify its target genes. The most common methods to reveal miRNA target genes rely on ectopically expressed tagged Ago2 and nonphysiological overexpression or inhibition of the miRNA of interest. To uncover the natural association between miRNAs and their target genes, we isolated endogenous Ago2 protein followed by a selective strategy, which only amplified target genes of the selected miRNA from the purified RNA‐induced silencing complex by miRNA specific primers. This enabled us to identify the mRNAs regulated by miRNAs of interest. Our data demonstrated that this strategy is effective and highly credible. Moreover, our results showed the evidence of efficient miRNA target sites in 5′ untranslated regions and open reading frames of target mRNAs. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(10): 752–756, 2010
A special relationship: Race, child study, and Rockefeller philanthropy
Authors: Milar Katharine S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn 1928, the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial granted funds to the University of Cincinnati to establish a child study and parent education program for African Americans. This paper traces the origin of the idea for this program to a special relationship between the family of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., and Spelman College, an African American women's college in Atlanta, Georgia. This relationship embodied Rockefeller's interest in women and children, in Baptist charities, in higher education (especially in the South), and race. The case study of this relationship addresses the larger question: To what purpose was the African American woman to be educated? © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient chemoselective alkylation of quinoline 2,4‐diol derivatives in water
Authors: Ahmed Nafees , Brahmbhatt Keyur G. , Singh Inder P. , Bhutani Kamlesh K. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Synthesis of various C‐3‐dialkyl derivatives of quinoline 2,4‐diol was achieved by condensation of aniline or substituted anilines with diethyl malonate, followed by chemoselective alkylation at C‐3 in water. The higher yields, easy work up and environmental compatible conditions are the main aspects of our method. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of tris phosphonates
Authors: Siva Kumar B. , Veera Narayana Reddy M. , Chandra Sekhar Reddy G. , Bakthavatchala Reddy N. , Suresh Reddy C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSyntheses of novel [{(3‐dialkoxy‐phosphoryl)‐(substituted‐phenyl‐methyl)‐2‐oxo‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐2λ5–benzo [1,3,2] diazaphosphol‐1‐yl}‐(substituted‐phenyl)‐methyl]‐phosphonic acid diethyl/dimethyl esters (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3i, 3j) were conveniently accomplished by cyclocondensation of [(2‐{(dimethoxy‐phosphoryl)‐phenyl‐methyl)‐amino}‐phenyl amino)‐phenyl‐methyl]phosphonic acid diethyl/dimethyl esters (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, 2j) with phenyl phosphonic dichloride in dry toluene in the presence of triethylamine at 40°C. The title compounds were characterized by physicospectral techniques. All the synthesized compounds were found to possess antimicrobial properties. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Synthesis of 1,2‐bisubstituted benzimidazole: 1,3‐Shift mechanism catalyzed by acid or base
Authors: Xia Ya‐Mu , You Jia , Yang Feng‐Ke 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBenzimidazole ring system is a useful nucleus in medicinal chemistry and is found in many biologically active compounds. An efficient approach for the synthesis of 1,2‐bisubstituted benzimidazoles is presented in this article, and the mechanism of the condensation from 2‐[(2‐aminophenylimino)phenylmethyl]‐4‐bromophenol, using piperdine or acetic acid as catalyst, is studied. 1,3‐Shift of negative hydrogen ion is the key step for this rearrangement reaction, and the influences of catalyst, temperature, substrate, and solvent are also investigated. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Regional and seasonal variability of extreme precipitation trends in southern Poland and central‐eastern Germany 1951–2006
Authors: Łupikasza Ewa B. , Hänsel Stephanie , Matschullat Jörg 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSpatial and temporal trend variability in extreme precipitation indices was studied for the meteorological seasons from 1951 to 2006. Eight indices were used, describing their frequency (90pNoD, 95pNoD), totals (1dayT, 5dayT, 90pT, 95pT) and intensity (90pInt, 95pInt). The following key challenges were addressed: (1) temporal variability in the relative number of stations with significant 30‐year trends, (2) temporal stability and (3) average magnitude of the calculated 30‐year trends. Temporal changes in the spatial extent of statistically significant extreme precipitation trends proceeded differently in each season. The trend direction, indicated by trend stability analysis, was consistent with that of averaged 30‐year trend magnitudes at most stations. A distinct spatial differentiation emerged in the prevailing trend directions between the eastern and the western part of the study area. In all seasons, increasing trends in extreme precipitation dominated in central‐eastern Germany, whereas opposite trends prevailed in southern Poland. This pattern was particularly prominent in winter. Similarities in the temporal variability of the percentage of significant trends between the eastern and the western sub‐regions emerged in autumn only. Summer was characterized by the most pronounced temporal changes in the percentage of significant negative trends. Summer also showed the most stable extreme precipitation trends of all seasons and a higher trend magnitude than the transitional seasons. Spatial patterns of trend directions in spring, showing the most complex pattern of all seasons, vary depending on the index, particularly with respect to trend stability. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Precipitation variability and change in the Calabria region (Italy) from a high resolution daily dataset
Authors: Brunetti Michele , Caloiero Tommaso , Coscarelli Roberto , Gullà Giovanni , Nanni Teresa , Simolo Claudia 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe present study aims at improving data availability and quality for the last 80–90 years for daily precipitation in the Calabria region (southern Italy). First, the original database was homogenised and the gaps filled in for 129 daily rain gauges for the 1916–2006 period. Then, precipitation variability and change were evaluated at an adequate spatial resolution. Monthly and annual total precipitation (P), number of wet days (WDs), and precipitation intensity (PI) were calculated for each series. With regard to the monthly total precipitation a general negative trend, albeit not everywhere significant, was detected, in particular for the autumn–winter period, while in summer the tendency was toward an increase in total precipitation. The monthly behaviour of WDs was not very different from that observed for P: a diffuse negative trend was detected in most months, particularly evident and significant in January, with the exception of April and the summer months, for which the tendency was toward an increase. Regarding the PI, a general negative and often significant trend was found for the entire region and for almost all the months, except summer. Attention was also focused on tendencies in the different PI categories, revealing negative trends in high‐intensity categories, especially coming from the winter season.Finally, running trend analysis revealed that the previously discussed tendencies were not persistent throughout the series length, but depended on the period examined. This important aspect should be taken into account when different results based on different time windows are compared. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy in living plant using triplex AuAgC core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Shen Aiguo , Guo Jingzhe , Xie Wei , Sun Mengxiang , Richards Ryan , Hu Jiming 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper presents, for the first time, noninvasive imaging of a livingplant using biocompatible carbon‐encapsulated AuAg nanoparticles (NPs) using micro‐Raman spectroscopy (MRS). A convenient and controllable hydrothermal synthetic route was developed to synthesize the layer‐by‐layer triplex AuAgC core–shell NPs, which can incorporate the reporter molecule 4‐mercapto benzoic acid (4‐MBA). A unique approach was devised to deliver the carbon‐encapsulated surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags into the leaf of Nicotiana benthamiana. In vivo SERS mapping was subsequently performed to monitor the distribution of tags inside the leaf, which successfully avoided interference of autofluorescence from plant tissue. The imaging modality reported here and further the bio‐functionalized carbon‐encapsulated SERS NPshold significant potential as a strategy forbiochemical imaging in living plantsin a noninvasive and nontoxic manner, whichmight open up exciting opportunities for plant sciences. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.