bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of rates and risk factors for development of anaemia and erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent utilization after radical or partial nephrectomy
Authors: Woldrich Jeffrey , Mehrazin Reza , Bazzi Wassim M. , Bagrodia Aditya , Kopp Ryan P. , Malcolm John B. , Kane Christopher J. , Patterson Anthony L. , Wan Jim Y. , Derweesh Ithaar H. 
Published: September 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The consequences and significance of iatrogenically‐induced CKD are poorly understood. Most data regarding risk of CKD and its complications are inferred from the medical literature.This is the first study to examine impact of surgical management of renal masses on development of anaemia. Patients who underwent radical nephrectomy had a significantly higher incidence of anaemia and ESA utilization than a contemporary well‐matched cohort that underwent partial nephrectomy. The results obtained add to the growing body of data supporting the use of partial nephrectomy in the management of clinically appropriate renal masses.OBJECTIVE
To examine the incidence of and risk factors for the development of anaemia and erythropoiesis‐stimulation agent (ESA) treatment in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy (RN) and partial nephrectomy (PN) because anaemia is a significant cause of morbidity in chronic kidney disease.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study comprised a retrospective review of 905 patients (610 RN/295 PN; mean age, 57.5 years; mean follow‐up, 6.4 years) who underwent surgery for renal tumours at two institutions from July 1987 to June 2007.
Demographics, disease characteristics and pre‐ and postoperative (i.e. renal function, metabolic parameters, anaemia and ESA treatment) were recorded.
Data were analyzed within subgroups based on treatment (RN vs PN).
Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors for developing anaemia after surgery.
RESULTS
Tumour size (cm) was significantly larger for RN (RN 7.0 vs PN 3.7; P < 0.001). No significant differences were noted with respect to demographics and preoperative anaemia (RN 16.4% vs PN 18.6%; P= 0.454) and ESA‐treatment (RN 0.7% vs PN 1.4%; P= 0.499).
After surgery, significantly less de novo anaemia (PN 4.1% vs RN 17.5%; P < 0.001) and ESA utilization (PN 2.7% vs RN 13.4%; P < 0.001) occurred in the PN cohort.
Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥60 years (odds ratio, OR, 1.62; P= 0.008), African American ethnicity (OR, 2.30; P < 0.001), smoking (OR, 1.60; P= 0.013), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR, 4.09; P < 0.001), ≥1+ proteinuria (OR, 2.19; P < 0.03), metabolic acidosis (OR, 4.08; P= 0.007) and RN (OR, 2.58; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with de novo anaemia.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients who underwent RN had a significantly higher prevalence of anaemia and ESA‐treatment compared to a well‐matched cohort that underwent PN.
In addition to RN, age ≥60 years, African American ethnicity, history of smoking, GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, proteinuria and metabolic acidosis were associated with developing anaemia.
Emotional exhaustion of nursing staff: influence of emotional annoyance and resilience
Authors: Manzano García Guadalupe , Ayala Calvo Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2011

MANZANO GARCÍA G. & AYALA CALVO J. C. (2011) Emotional exhaustion of nursing staff: influence of emotional annoyance and resilience. International Nursing Review59, 101–107Aim:  This paper aimed to study the influence of emotional annoyance and resilience on the emotional exhaustion levels of nursing staff.Background:  Emotional exhaustion is one of the key factors in understanding both the performance and the quality of care that nurses give to their patients. There is a considerable body of knowledge that has focused on the study of emotional exhaustion in relation to cynicism and professional efficiency. More recently emotional annoyance and resilience have been identified as variables that could help explain levels of emotional exhaustion.Methods:  Nine hundred eighty‐three nurses who work in five hospitals in the north of Spain were invited to participate in the study. Five hundred questionnaires were distributed, of which 200 were fully completed. The average response rate was 40%. A personal information form, and a questionnaire concerning nurses' emotional annoyance, resilience, professional efficiency and cynicism were used as data collection instruments. To estimate a path model with latent variables, partial least squares was used.Findings:  Emotional annoyance and resilience contribute to a better understanding of emotional exhaustion levels of nursing staff. There was a significant association between emotional annoyance and emotional exhaustion (β = 0.26, P = 0.020), while resilience appeared to be protective against emotional exhaustion (β = −0.22, P = 0.004).Conclusion:  A more complete explanation and understanding of emotional exhaustion in nursing is achieved when emotional annoyance and resilience is measured in addition elements of burnout, which include professional efficiency and cynicism.
Repeated exposure of human fibroblasts to UVR induces secretion of stem cell factor and senescence
Authors: Shin J. , Kim J.‐H. , Kim E.K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Some of chronic hyperpigmentary diseases, such as melasma, induced by multiple factors including chronic sunlight exposure, can recur even after chemical epidermal removal. Dermal factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of melasma. Changes in dermal fibroblasts resulting from chronic sun exposure might cause melanocytes to synthesize melanin in the epidermis.Objective  This study aimed at determining the effects of repetitive ultraviolet (UV) radiation on cultured fibroblasts and the secretion of melanogenic factors.Methods  Cultured human fibroblasts were exposed to ultraviolet A (UVA) or ultraviolet B (UVB) for five consecutive days. After each irradiation, the supernatant medium was isolated from each dish and measured for levels of stem cell factor (SCF) and hepatocyte growth factor using an ELISA kit assay. To assess the effect of the keratinocyte‐derived factors on fibroblast‐secretion of SCF and hepatocyte growth factor, we added supernatants of the UV‐irradiated keratinocytes to the non‐irradiated fibroblasts. Finally, the irradiated fibroblasts were stained with senescence associated‐β‐galactosidase to assess their senescent change.Results  Fibroblasts irradiated with UVA or UVB for five consecutive days, secreted SCF at levels that increased with repeated UVA or UVB exposure. Conditioned culture medium from UV‐irradiated keratinocytes also induced SCF release from fibroblasts, depending on the number of UV exposures. UVA‐ or UVB‐irradiated fibroblasts stained positive for senescence associated‐β‐galactosidase, and the staining intensity increased with repeated exposure.Conclusion  These results suggest that fibroblast senescence and increased SCF secretion after repeated UV irradiation may be related to the pathogenesis of recurring hyperpigmentation disorders induced by chronic sun exposure.
Acquisition of neuron‐like electrophysiological properties in neuroblastoma cells by controlled expression of NDM29 ncRNA
Authors: Gavazzo Paola , Vella Serena , Marchetti Carla , Nizzari Mario , Cancedda Ranieri , Pagano Aldo 
Published: September 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 989–1001.AbstractNeuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer characterized by high malignancy and remarkable cell heterogeneity within the tumor nodules. It has been previously shown that the over‐expression of a specific non‐coding RNA, NDM29, reduces neuroblastoma development promoting cell differentiation. We have used neuroblastoma cells expressing NDM29 at its basal level (Mock cells) or at 5.4‐fold higher levels (S1 cells) to investigate whether a functional differentiation correlates with morphological and biochemical development induced by NDM29 expression. First, analyzing the expression of specific markers we demonstrated that NDM29 expression is accompanied by a well coordinated differentiation process toward a neuron‐like, rather than toward a glial‐like, phenotype. Next, we defined the neuron‐like traits of S1 in terms of secretion of cytokines involved in axon guidance, synapse formation and neurite outgrowth. Finally, we characterized the ionic channel apparatus of S1 cells by patch‐clamp technique and compared with the Mock counterpart. S1 cells showed much higher levels of fast inactivating Na+ current and were able to generate mature action potentials. Moreover, they developed expression of functional GABAA receptors on their membrane. In contrast, the two cell lines shared very similar pools of functional K+ channels, although slight quantitative differences can be described. Our results suggest that a maturation occurs in neuroblastoma as a consequence of NDM29 expression, inducing the appearance of neuronal‐like properties. In this context, S1 cells may represent a novel in vitro tool for electrophysiological and pharmacological studies of human cells of the neural lineage.
Adverse drug reactions associated with the use of NSAIDs: a case/noncase analysis of spontaneous reports from the French pharmacovigilance database 2002–2006
Authors: Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Grolleau Sabrina , Montastruc Jean‐Louis ,   Association Française des Centres Régionaux de Pharmacovigilance (CRPV)
Published: September 2011

AbstractTo evaluate the safety profile of eight oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) available in France, using data reported through the French pharmacovigilance system. Data (from 2002 to 2006) were analysed for aceclofenac, diclofenac, ketoprofen, meloxicam, naproxen, nimesulide, piroxicam and tenoxicam, focusing on the reported rates of serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the following system organ classes: gastrointestinal, hepatic, cutaneous, renal and cardiovascular. A total of 42 389 serious ADR reports were identified, and 38 506 were included in a case/noncase analysis. Ketoprofen was associated with the highest cumulative reported rate of serious ADRs (0.78 cases per million defined daily doses), followed by diclofenac (0.58), nimesulide (0.52), naproxen (0.50), piroxicam (0.47), tenoxicam (0.42), meloxicam (0.41) and aceclofenac (0.30). The most frequently reported serious ADRs were cutaneous, followed by gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal and rarely, cardiovascular events. In the case/noncase analysis, ketoprofen, piroxicam and naproxen were associated with the highest risk of serious gastrointestinal ADRs (odds ratios [ORs] of 6.87, 6.54 and 5.07, respectively). Nimesulide and aceclofenac were associated with the highest risk of liver ADRs (adjusted ORs of 4.53 and 3.67, respectively), as was meloxicam for cutaneous ADRs (adjusted OR of 3.15) and tenoxicam for renal ADRs (adjusted OR of 3.17). The most frequent serious ADRs reported with the selected oral NSAIDs are cutaneous, followed by gastrointestinal, hepatic and renal events. The highest risks for serious gastrointestinal, hepatic, cutaneous and renal adverse events were linked, respectively, with ketoprofen, nimesulide, meloxicam and tenoxicam compared with the other NSAIDs.
Influence of a Resilient, Hard‐Carbon Thin Film on Drilling Efficiency and Thermogenesis
Authors: Gasiorowski Janik C. , Richardson Dean W. , Boston Raymond C. , Schaer Thomas P. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo determine changes in drill bit performance attributable to application of a triaxially resilient, hard‐carbon thin film.Study DesignIn vitro mechanical study.MethodsFive matched pairs of control bits and bits with a carbon nanofilm applied were tested in equine cortical bone and a synthetic bone substrate. Thirty sequential holes were drilled with each bit. Drilling time was recorded for all holes. Maximum substrate temperature was measured with infrared thermography for holes 1, 15, and 30. Drilling time, prolongation of drilling time over successive uses, and maximum substrate temperature were compared between control and test bits in each substrate.ResultsDrilling time was significantly reduced with test bits in both substrates. Drilling time over successive osteotomies increased more slowly with test bits than with control bits. Test bits generated significantly lower substrate temperatures during drilling.ConclusionsBits with the carbon nanofilm completed osteotomy faster and generated less heat than control bits. Test bits also had less degradation of drilling performance with repeated use.
The influence of environment, management and site context on species composition of summer arable weed vegetation in Hungary
Authors: Pinke Gyula , Karácsony Péter , Czúcz Bálint , Botta‐Dukát Zoltán , Lengyel Attila 
Published: September 2011

AbstractQuestionsWhich environmental and management factors are the most important determinants of arable weed species composition in intensively farmed areas across an area of 93 000 km2? Does the relative importance of environmental and management factors depend on plot location within fields (centre or edge)?LocationHungary.MethodsThe abundance of late‐summer weed flora and 25 environmental, management and site context factors were measured in 243 maize, sunflower and stubble fields representing the entire country. Data were analysed by redundancy analysis (RDA) after backward variable selection. The gross and net effect on weed species composition were calculated for each variable. Variation partitioning based on RDA was used to assess the relative effects of the three groups of explanatory variables.ResultsThe net effects of 24 variables on species composition were significant, explaining 25% of the total variation in species data. Most variation in species composition was explained by plot location, which was followed by temperature, crop type, precipitation, soil texture, neighbouring habitat, altitude, soil pH, sodium and potassium content of the soil. Variation partitioning revealed that environmental variables accounted for twice more variance than management variables, but the relative impact of management variables was larger in field cores than in field edges.ConclusionsOur results suggest that even for intensified agriculture the effects of environmental factors are of greater importance than management factors on summer arable weed composition in a country‐wide context. The effects of intensive crop management decrease towards the field periphery.
Disentangling plant trait responses to livestock grazing from spatio‐temporal variation: the partial RLQ approach
Authors: Wesuls Dirk , Oldeland Jens , Dray Stéphane 
Published: September 2011

AbstractQuestionsWhich plant traits consistently respond to grazing in different years and across habitat‐related environmental heterogeneity? Does the proposed partial RLQ approach allow partitioning of grazing‐related environmental parameters from other environmental and temporal variations?LocationSemi‐arid savannas of central Namibia.MethodsWe recorded nine quantitative and 12 categorical traits from 87 plant species along grazing gradients in semi‐arid Namibian rangelands. We sampled from gradients in different habitat settings in 2 yr with differing total rainfall amounts. We first examined trait–environment relations with RLQ analysis. To remove confounding effects of temporal and habitat‐related environmental variation on trait performance, we introduced a novel partial RLQ analysis approach. Furthermore, we used the fourth‐corner statistic to quantify and test relations between traits, environmental factors and RLQ axes.ResultsHabitats and years had strong influences on trait patterns. After removing environmental variation caused by habitats and years, grazing became the most influential factor on trait responses. Traits negatively correlated with increasing grazing pressure were common to perennial grasses, such as long and entire leaves, anemochorous dispersal and rhizomatous growth. Positively correlated traits were those common to herbaceous, annual plants with a prostrate–creeping habit, compound leaves, high specific leaf area (SLA) and exo‐ or endozoochorous dispersal. Some previously acknowledged grazing response traits, like growth form and plant height, were strongly influenced by variations in habitats and years and showed no significant correlation with grazing pressure.ConclusionWe emphasize that some traits that respond to grazing may also vary under different habitat conditions and among years, especially in highly variable environments like semi‐arid savannas. When analysing trait–environment relations we recommend using approaches that partition environmental variation, particularly when applying broad sampling schemes at larger geographical scales.
Structural basis of the inhibition of class C acid phosphatases by adenosine 5′‐phosphorothioate
Authors: Singh Harkewal , Reilly Thomas J. , Tanner John J. 
Published: September 2011

The inhibition of phosphatases by adenosine 5′‐phosphorothioate (AMPS) was first reported in the late 1960s; however, the structural basis for the inhibition has remained unknown. Here, it is shown that AMPS is a submicromolar inhibitor of class C acid phosphatases, a group of bacterial outer membrane enzymes belonging to the haloacid dehalogenase structural superfamily. Furthermore, the 1.35‐Å resolution crystal structure of the inhibited recombinant Haemophilus influenzae class C acid phosphatase was determined; this is the first structure of a phosphatase complexed with AMPS. The conformation of AMPS is identical to that of the substrate 5′‐AMP, except that steric factors force a rotation of the thiophosphoryl out of the normal phosphoryl‐binding pocket. This conformation is catalytically nonproductive, because the P atom is not positioned optimally for nucleophilic attack by Asp64, and the O atom of the scissile O–P bond is too far from the Asp (Asp66) that protonates the leaving group. The structure of 5′‐AMP complexed with the Asp64→Asn mutant enzyme was also determined at 1.35‐Å resolution. This mutation induces the substrate to adopt the same nonproductive binding mode that is observed in the AMPS complex. In this case, electrostatic considerations, rather than steric factors, underlie the movement of the phosphoryl. The structures not only provide an explanation for the inhibition by AMPS, but also highlight the precise steric and electrostatic requirements of phosphoryl recognition by class C acid phosphatases. Moreover, the structure of the Asp64→Asn mutant illustrates how a seemingly innocuous mutation can cause an unexpected structural change.Database
Coordinates and structure factor amplitudes are available in the Protein Data Bank database under the accession numbers 3OCZ (rP4–AMPS) and 3SF0 (rP4 D64N–5′‐AMP).
Novel lynx spider toxin shares common molecular architecture with defense peptides from frog skin
Authors: Dubovskii Peter V. , Vassilevski Alexander A. , Samsonova Olga V. , Egorova Natalya S. , Kozlov Sergey A. , Feofanov Alexei V. , Arseniev Alexander S. , Grishin Eugene V. 
Published: September 2011

A unique 30‐residue cationic peptide oxyopinin 4a (Oxt 4a) was identified in the venom of the lynx spider Oxyopes takobius (Oxyopidae). Oxt 4a contains a single N‐terminally located disulfide bond, Cys4–Cys10, and is structurally different from any spider toxin studied so far. According to NMR findings, the peptide is disordered in water, but assumes a peculiar torpedo‐like structure in detergent micelles. It features a C‐terminal amphipathic α‐helical segment (body; residues 12–25) and an N‐terminal disulfide‐stabilized loop (head; residues 1–11), and has an unusually high density of positive charge in the head region. Synthetic Oxt 4a was produced and shown to possess strong and broad‐spectrum cytolytic and antimicrobial activity. cDNA cloning showed that the peptide is synthesized in the form of a conventional prepropeptide with an acidic prosequence. Unlike other arachnid toxins, Oxt 4a exhibits striking similarity with defense peptides from the skin of ranid frogs that contain the so‐called Rana‐box motif (a C‐terminal disulfide‐enclosed loop). Parallelism or convergence is apparent on several levels: the structure, function and biosynthesis of a lynx spider toxin are mirrored by those of Rana‐box peptides from frogs.Database
The protein sequence of oxyopinin 4a (Oxt 4a) has been submitted to the UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) under the accession number P86350. The coordinates and chemical shifts of Oxt 4a in complex with dodecylphosphocholine micelles have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank and Biological Magnetic Resonance Bank under the accession codes 2L3I and 17194, respectively. The nucleotide sequence encoding Oxt 4a has been submitted to the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database under the accession number FN997582.
A model for the two component γ-ray spectra observed from the γ-ray binaries
Authors: Bednarek W. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
Observations of two well-known binary systems (LS 5039 and LS I +61 303) with the satellite and Cherenkov telescopes revealed the broad-band γ-ray spectra which seems to show two components, the first at GeV energies, showing exponential cut-off at a few GeV, and the second at TeV energies which does not fit well to the extrapolation of spectrum from the GeV energy range. We propose that such two component spectrum is produced by two populations of electrons which appear within the binary system as a result of acceleration on a double shock structure separated by a contact discontinuity. Such structure is created within the binary system as a result of the interaction of the pulsar and massive star winds. The shocks from the side of the pulsar and the massive star have different proprieties which allow acceleration of electrons to different maximum energies. These two populations of electrons produce two component γ-ray spectra caused by the Inverse Compton (IC) scattering of stellar radiation. The example calculations, performed in terms of the anisotropic IC e± pair cascade model, for the location of the pulsar at the periastron and apastron passages confirm the high-energy emission features observed from LS I +61 303.
Mechanisms responsible for the altered cardiac repolarization dispersion in experimental hypothyroidism
Authors: Ferrer T. , Arín R. M. , Casis E. , Torres‐Jacome J. , Sanchez‐Chapula J. A. , Casis O. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Aims:  To identify the causes for the inhomogeneity of ventricular repolarization and increased QT dispersion in hypothyroid mice.
Methods:  We studied the effects of 5‐propyl‐2‐thiouracil‐induced hypothyroidism on the ECG, action potential (AP) and current density of the repolarizing potassium currents Ito,fast, Ito,slow, IK,slow and Iss in enzymatically isolated myocytes from three different regions of mouse heart: right ventricle (RV), epicardium of the left ventricle (Epi‐LV) and interventricular septum. K+ currents were recorded with the patch‐clamp technique. Membranes from isolated ventricular myocytes were extracted by centrifugation. Kv4.2, Kv4.3, KChIP and Na/Ca exchanger proteins were visualized by Western blot.
Results:  The frequency or conduction velocity was not changed by hypothyroidism, but QTc was prolonged. Neither resting membrane potential nor AP amplitude was modified. The action potential duration (APD)90 increased in the RV and Epi‐LV, but not in the septum. Hypothyroid status has no effect either on Ito,slow, Ik,slow or Iss in any of the regions analysed. However, Ito,fast was significantly reduced in the Epi‐LV and in the RV, whereas it was not altered in cells from the septum. Western blot analysis reveals a reduction in Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 protein levels in both the Epi‐LV and the RV and an increase in Na/Ca exchanger.
Conclusion:  From these results we suggest that the regional differences in APD lengthening, and thus in repolarization inhomogeneity, induced by experimental hypothyroidism are at least partially explained by the uneven decrease in Ito,fast and the differences in the relative contribution of the depolarization‐activated outward currents to the repolarization process.