bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of syn‐β‐Substituted Tryptophans via Asymmetric Michael Addition of a Chiral Equivalent of Nucleophilic Glycine and Sulfonylindoles.
Authors: Wang Jiang , Zhou Shengbin , Lin Daizong , Ding Xiao , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe asymmetric Michael addition of a chiral Ni(II) complex of a Schiff base of glycine (I) with a broad range of sulfonylindoles offers a simple and mild protocol for the preparation of syn‐configured β‐substituted tryptophans.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Cyclopropyl‐Spirocarbocyclic Adenosine, (4R,5S,6R,7R)‐4‐(6‐Amino‐9H‐purin‐9‐yl)‐7‐(hydroxymethyl)spiro [2.4]heptane‐5,6‐diol Against Hepatitis C Virus.
Authors: Gadthula Srinivas , Rawal Ravindra K. , Sharon Ashoke , Wu Dong , Korba Brent , Chu Chung K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient strategy for the synthesis of title compound (X) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Sugar‐Modified Derivatives of Cytostatic 6‐(Het)aryl‐7‐deazapurine Nucleosides: 2′‐C‐Methylribonucleosides, Arabinonucleosides and 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐fluoroarabinonucleosides.
Authors: Naus Petr , Perlikova Pavla , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of novel sugar‐modified derivatives of cytostatic 6‐hetaryl‐7‐deazapinine ribonucleoside is prepared via Pd‐catalyzed cross coupling reactions of different 7‐deazapurines with arylboronic acids, aryl stannanes or trimethylaluminum.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7‐Substituted 3‐β‐D‐Ribofuranosyl‐3H‐imidazo[2,1‐i]purines.
Authors: Karskela Tuomas , Klika Karel D. , Loennberg Harri 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSubstituted purine derivatives are synthesized via reductive amination of isopropylidene‐protected carbaldehyde (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Tool to Assess Ceramide Bioactivity: 6‐Bromo‐7‐hydroxycoumarinyl‐caged Ceramide.
Authors: Kim Young Ah , Ramirez Daniel M. Carter , Costain Willard J. , Johnston Linda J. , Bittman Robert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of ceramides such as (I) conjugated to a photolabile bromohydroxycoumarinyl chromophore is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Pyranoxanthone from the Stem Bark of Calophyllum inophyllum
Authors: Mah Siau H. , Ee Gwendoline C. L. , Rahmani Mawardi , Taufiq‐Yap Yun H. , Go Rusea , Teh Soek S. 
Published: October 2011

Abstractisolation and structure elucidation of inophinone (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Xanthone Glucosides from Swertia mussotii Franch.
Authors: Gao Lu , Zhou Yongfu , Yan Haiying , Huang Feiyan , Wen Rongrong , Li Ganpeng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe new glucosides (I) are isolated from the ethanolic extract of the overground parts of S.
ChemInform Abstract: Production of Monapinones by Fermentation of the Dinapinone‐Producing Fungus Penicillium pinophilum FKI‐3864 in a Seawater‐Containing Medium.
Authors: Kawamoto Kyosuke , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Ohte Satoshi , Masuma Rokuro , Uchida Ryuji , Tomoda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMonapinones A—E (Ia)—(Ie) are isolated, and compounds (Ia) and (Ib) are shown to inhibit triacylglycerol synthesis weakly.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Studies on Iron‐Pnictide Superconductors. LaFeAs(O1‐xFx) and BaFe2(As1‐xPx)2
Authors: Ishida Kenji , Nakai Yusuke , Kitagawa Shunsaku , Iye Tetsuya 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReview: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminophosphonic Acids — Phosphorus Analogues of Natural Amino Acids. Part 1. Syntheses of α‐Aminophosphonic Acids
Authors: Kudzin Zbigniew H. , Kudzin Marcin H. , Drabowicz Jozef , Stevens Chris V. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReview: 891 refs.
Production of Metal Nanoparticles in Asymmetrical Dielectric Barrier Discharge‐Plasma Reactor at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Hou Jun , Jidenko Nicolas , Borra Jean‐Pascal , Weber Alfred P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDiese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Herstellung metallischer Nanopartikel in einem Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD)‐Plasma bei Atmosphärendruck. Im entwickelten Reaktor ist nur eine Elektrode mit einem Dielektrikum (Aluminiumoxid) versehen, während die punktförmige Gegenelektrode für die filamentären Entladungen frei zugänglich ist (asymmetrische DBD). Die metallischen Partikeln werden aus dem Material der offenen Gegenelektrode gebildet, auf der die filamentären Entladungen zur Ausbildung von Kratern führen. Während im kalten Reaktor zu Beginn der Entladungen eine hohe Anzahl von größeren Nanopartikeln (mit einem Durchmesser von einigen zehn Nanometern) beobachtet wird, werden nach dem Erreichen des thermischen Gleichgewichts im Reaktor vorwiegend sehr kleine metallische Nanopartikeln mit konstanter Größe und Anzahlkonzentration produziert. Die im thermischen Gleichgewicht gebildeten metallischen Partikeln (Cu, Ag und Au) sind nicht agglomeriert und kristallin, mit mittleren Durchmessern von etwa 4 nm. Das Elektrodenmaterial hat bei gegebenen Betriebsbedingungen des Reaktors, wie Elektrodenabstand und Gasvolumenstrom, kaum einen Einfluss auf die Größe der hergestellten Partikeln, bestimmt aber die Anzahlkonzentration.
Visual Cognitive Radio
Authors: Liu Tian , Shao Shihai , Ye Daixiong , Tang Youxi , Zhou Juan 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYCognitive radio is always based on spectrum sensing to cognize the physical characteristics of the wireless channel and carry out wireless communication resource scheduling. This kind of method makes it hard for cognitive radio to respond to a change in the radio environment in advance. Therefore, both the predictive ability and cognitive contents are limited. This paper proposes a new system called visual cognitive radio, which uses visual information to cognize the radio environment. Visual observation has a good predictive ability and abundant cognitive information, which enables the visual cognitive radio to react to the frequent change in the radio environment and make optimal configurations to the process of wireless communication. This paper presents a typical communication scene as an example to explain the advantages of visual cognitive radio, and also makes a preliminary analysis of its applications and challenges. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grain boundary defects induced room temperature ferromagnetism in V doped ZnO thin films
Authors: Jayalakshmi G. , Gopalakrishnan N. , Panigrahi B. K. , Balasubramanian T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVanadium (V) doped ZnO thin films (Zn1‐xVx O, where x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) have been grown on sapphire substrates by RF magnetron sputtering to realize room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM). The grown films have been subjected to X‐ray diffraction (XRD), resonant Raman scattering, photoluminescence (PL) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements to investigate their structural, optical and magnetic properties, respectively. The full width at half maximum of XRD and Raman scattering peaks increases with V ion concentration indicates that the V ions have been substituted on Zn2+ ions in the ZnO matrix. The increase in oxygen vacancies with V concentration is evidenced by PL measurements. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry analysis confirms the presence of the V ions in the films. The room temperature VSM measurements reveal the signature of ferromagnetism in V doped ZnO thin films. It has been observed that the grain boundary defects, i.e., oxygen vacancies play a crucial role in inducing RTFM in V doped ZnO films. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth, electrical and optical behaviour of nanocrystalline Ag2Cu2O3 films produced by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Hari Prasad Reddy M. , Pierson J. F. , Uthanna S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThin films of Ag2Cu2O3 were formed on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering technique under different oxygen partial pressures in the range 5 × 10‐3 – 8 × 10‐2 Pa using mosaic target of Ag70Cu30. The influence of oxygen partial pressure on the core level binding energies, crystallographic structure, and electrical and optical properties of the deposited films was studied. The atomic ratio of copper to silver in the films was 0.302. The oxygen content was in correlation with the oxygen partial pressure maintained during the growth of the films. The films formed at oxygen partial pressures < 2 × 10‐2 Pa was mixed phase of Ag2Cu2O3 and Ag. The films deposited at 2 × 10‐2 Pa were single phase of Ag2Cu2O3. The crystallite size of the films formed at 2 × 10‐2 Pa was 12 nm, while those films annealed at 473 K was 16 nm. The nanocrystalline Ag2Cu2O3 films formed at oxygen partial pressure of 2 × 10‐2 Pa showed electrical resistivity of 8.2 Ωcm and optical band gap of 1.95 eV. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of process parameters by Taguchi robust design method for the development of nano‐crystals of sirolimus using sonication based crystallization
Authors: Gandhi P. J. , Murthy Z. V. P. , Pati R. K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTaguchi method is widely used by the engineers and researchers across the globe for optimization of process parameters in view of cost, economy and time. Ultrasound based sonication process was used for deriving the nano‐crystals of sirolimus in a narrow range. Seven critical process parameters with three levels were optimized with L18 array design. Crystal size analysis with its zeta potential measured and found that the crystals derived are stable in nature. Also SEM analysis carried out to know size and shape of the crystals and found that the crystals obtained are spherical in nature. Purity of the crystals derived checked with the help of melting point, TLC and HPLC procedures. Characterization of nano‐crystals made with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Correlation between the zeta potential and crystal size has been established with the help of scientific and statistical methods. Detailed statistical analysis such as t ‐test, regression and descriptive statistics of the results has been carried out to explore further information and interactions of process parameters. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Defect sensitive etching of nitrides: appraisal of methods
Authors: Weyher J. L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDefect selective etching methods used for structural characterization of nitrides (GaN, AlGaN, InGaN and AlN) single crystals and epitaxial layers are summarized. The mechanism of surface reactions during orthodox chemical etching and photoetching is briefly described. Examples of defects which can be revealed mainly in bulk and epitaxial GaN using different etching systems are shown together with schematic models of defects. Special attention is given to selective etching and analysis of complex electrically active non‐homogeneities in bulk and HVPE‐grown GaN, which show up as areas of different etch rate, i.e. different carrier concentration. These defects are clearly visible after photo‐etching on both Ga‐polar surface and on any non‐polar cleavage plane. Ultra high selectivity of electroless photoetching on electrically active defects is explained by separation of photocurrent‐potential plots of areas with different carrier concentration. Formation of nano‐pillars on dislocations during photoetching is explained by recombinative properties of linear defects for photo‐generated carriers. Special applications of defect‐selective etching methods for (i) nano‐patterning of GaN surface for preparing highly efficient platforms for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements and (ii) overgrowth of deep etch pits for reduction of dislocation density during HVPE growth of thick GaN crystals is also demonstrated. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of copper aluminum borate whiskers via flux method
Authors: Zhu Chengcai , Li Wu , Nai Xueying , Zhu Donghai , Guo Fengqin , Song Shuangjie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSingle‐crystal and uniform copper aluminum borate whiskers have been synthesized by heating a mixture of boric acid, copper sulfate and aluminum sulfate with potassium sulfate as flux at 870 °C for 4 h. The synthesized whiskers exhibit a well‐crystallized, one‐dimensional structure with diameters ranging from 100 nm to 5 μm, lengths from 5 to 100 μm. Heating temperature and flux addition affect the aspect ratio and morphology of the copper aluminum borate whiskers. A possible growth mechanism of the whiskers is proposed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Outage probability and channel capacity for the Nth best relay selection AF relaying over INID Rayleigh fading channels
Authors: Ko K. , Woo C. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYCooperative diversity systems have recently been proposed as a way to form virtual antenna schemes without utilizing collocated multiple antennas. In this paper, we consider the Nth best opportunistic amplify‐and‐forward (AF) cooperative diversity systems. The AF type can be regarded as one on the basis of modified channel state information. Wireless channels between any pair of nodes (i.e., direct and dual hop links) are assumed quasi‐static independent and nonidentically distributed (INID) Rayleigh fading. The best opportunistic AF (OAF) scheme requires two phases of transmission. During the first phase, the source node transmits a signal to all relays and the destination. In the second phase, the best relay is only selected on the basis of highest signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) scheme to forward the source signal to the destination. Therefore, the indirect link (i.e., source‐selected relay destination) can give the highest received SNR. However, the best relay selection cannot be available so that we might choose the second, third, or generally the Nth best relay. In this paper, we derive the approximated outage probability and channel capacity for the Nth best OAF relay systems over INID Rayleigh fading channels. At first, the indirect link's received SNR is approximated as harmonic mean upper bound. With this information, we obtain the given relay's Nth best selection probability as the closed form. Finally, both outage probability and channel capacity are derived as the closed forms. Simulation results are finally presented to validate the analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RNA interference for performance enhancement and detection in doping control
Authors: Kohler Maxie , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRNA interference represents a comparably new route of regulating and manipulating specific gene expression. Promising results were obtained in experimental therapies aim at the treatment of different kinds of diseases including cancer, diabetes mellitus or Dychenne muscular dystrophy. While studies on down‐regulation efficiency are often performed by analyzing the regulated protein, the direct detection of small, interfering RNA molecules and antisense oligonucleotides is of great interest for the investigation of the metabolism and degradation and also for the detection of a putative misuse of these molecules in sports. Myostatin down‐regulation was shown to result in increased performance and muscle growth and the regulation of several other proteins could be relevant for performance enhancement. This mini‐review summarizes current approaches for the mass spectrometric analysis of siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides from biological matrices and the available data on biodistribution, metabolism, and half‐life of relevant substances are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for breast cancer as an integral part of lynch syndrome
Authors: Buerki Nicole , Gautier Lucienne , Kovac Michal , Marra Giancarlo , Buser Mauro , Mueller Hansjakob , Heinimann Karl 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLynch syndrome, an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, mainly mainly mutL homolog 1, OMIM 120436 (MLH1) and mutS homolog 2, OMIM 609309 (MSH2), encompasses a tumor spectrum including primarily gastrointestinal, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. This study aimed at clarifying the heavily debated issue of breast cancer being part of Lynch syndrome. Detailed clinical data on cancer occurrence in Swiss female MLH1/MSH2 mutation carriers were gathered, all available breast cancer specimens assessed for molecular evidence for MMR deficiency (i.e., microsatellite instability (MSI), MMR protein expression, and somatic (epi)genetic MMR gene alterations) and compiled with the scarce molecular data available from the literature. Seventy unrelated Swiss Lynch syndrome families were investigated comprising 632 female family members at risk of which 92 were genetically verified mutation carriers (52 MLH1 and 40 MSH2). On contrast to endometrial and ovarian cancer, which occurred significantly more often and at younger age in MLH1/MSH2 mutation carriers (median 50.5 and 49.0 years; P < 0.00001), overall cumulative breast cancer incidence closely mirrored the one in the Swiss population (56.5 years). Six (85.7%) of seven breast cancer specimens available for molecular investigations displayed the hallmarks of MMR deficiency. Combined with data from the literature, MSI was present in 26 (70.3%) of 37 and altered MMR protein expression in 16 (72.7%) of 22 breast cancer specimens from MLH1/MSH2 mutation carriers. These findings, thus, provide strong molecular evidence for a pivotal role of MMR deficiency in breast cancer development in Lynch syndrome. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contemporary management of lymph node metastases from an unknown primary to the neck: II. A review of therapeutic options
Authors: Strojan Primož , Ferlito Alfio , Langendijk Johannes A. , Corry June , Woolgar Julia A. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Silver Carl E. , Paleri Vinidh , Fagan Johannes J. , Pellitteri Phillip K. , Haigentz Missak , Suárez Carlos , Robbins K. Thomas , Rodrigo Juan P. , Olsen Kerry D. , Hinni Michael L. , Werner Jochen A. , Mondin Vanni , Kowalski Luiz P. , Devaney Kenneth O. , de Bree Remco , Takes Robert P. , Wolf Gregory T. , Shaha Ashok R. , Genden Eric M. , Barnes Leon 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlthough uncommon, cancer of an unknown primary (CUP) metastatic to cervical lymph nodes poses a range of dilemmas relating to optimal treatment. The ideal resolution would be a properly designed prospective randomized trial, but it is unlikely that this will ever be conducted in this group of patients. Accordingly, knowledge gained from retrospective studies and experience from treating patients with known head and neck primary tumors form the basis of therapeutic strategies in CUP. This review provides a critical appraisal of various treatment approaches described in the literature. Emerging treatment options for CUP with metastases to cervical lymph nodes are discussed in view of recent innovations in the field of head and neck oncology and suitable therapeutic strategies for particular clinical scenarios are presented. For pN1 or cN1 disease without extracapsular extension (ECE), selective neck dissection or radiotherapy offer high rates of regional control. For more advanced neck disease, intensive combined treatment is required, either a combination of neck dissection and radiotherapy, or initial (chemo)radiotherapy followed by neck dissection if a complete response is not recorded on imaging. Each of these approaches seems to be equally effective. Use of extensive bilateral neck/mucosal irradiation must be weighed against toxicity, availability of close follow‐up with elective neck imaging and guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) when appropriate, the human papillomavirus (HPV) status of the tumor, and particularly against the distribution pattern (oropharynx in the majority of cases) and the emergence rate of hidden primary lesions (<10% after comprehensive workup). The addition of systemic agents is expected to yield similar improvement in outcome as has been observed for known head and neck primary tumors. Head Neck, 2013
Motorcyclist's Riding Discomfort in Malaysia: Comparison of BMI, Riding Experience, Riding Duration and Riding Posture
Authors: Karmegam K. , Sapuan S. M. , Ismail M. Y. , Ismail N. , Bahri M. T. Shamsul , Seetha. P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThere is very little (or no) information about the riding discomfort of motorcyclists in Malaysia. Therefore, this study was done with the intention of highlighting the relationship of the discomfort on the motorcyclist's body parts during the riding process concerning factors such as body mass index (BMI), riding experience, riding hours, and preferred riding posture. This study (questionnaire survey) was done by using 957 respondents (481 males and 476 females) with an age range from 18 years to 24 years, which was collected from a previous study. The results indicate that the majority of motorcyclists who participated in this study are in the normal BMI category. However, the majority of these motorcyclists suffer discomfort in their body parts during the riding process. It is noticeable that the majority of female motorcyclists started with higher discomfort symptoms concerning the corresponding factors (BMI, riding hours, and riding experience) compared with male motorcyclists. Most male discomfort symptoms were focused on the buttock and upper body parts, whereas the female motorcyclists experienced discomfort in all of their body parts (lower, buttocks, and upper body parts). Furthermore, the results also highlight that the motorcyclists' discomfort was correlated with riding posture. Therefore, this study clearly identified that motorcyclists experience discomfort in their body parts during the riding process. The findings also highlight that the current interaction of humans (motorcyclists) and machine (motorcycle) is not an ideal ergonomic philosophy. However, further detailed study (laboratory and field study) needs to be done to uncover fully the parameters or factors that constrain the ergonomic comfortability in the motorcycle riding process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Payment fraud: It plagues every company
Authors: Schaeffer Mary S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEvery organization, no matter how big or small, is a potential target for an increasingly sophisticated group of individuals looking to dip into your bank account without invitation. And these folks don't discriminate. If they can get your banking information and you haven't taken the proper steps to protect yourself, they'll help themselves to your hard‐earned money. This article provides advice on what best practice organizations are doing to protect themselves against the three areas where most are vulnerable: check fraud, p‐card fraud, and electronic payment fraud. © 2011 Mary S. Schaeffer
The balanced scorecard and twenty‐first‐century thoughts on motivation
Authors: Albright Thomas L. , Burgess Christopher M. , Davis Stan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHow can you motivate people to accomplish an organization's goals? Is a carrot‐and‐stick approach the only—or even the best—way? This article suggests an approach that is potentially more effective by focusing less on the traditional approach of rewards versus punishment, relying instead largely on intrinsic motivations to help bring about desired outcomes. These efforts are consistent with the balanced scorecard concepts of goal setting and rewards that have been widely adopted as performance measurement and strategic communication systems since the early 1990s. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.