bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audit of severe acute maternal morbidity describing reasons for transfer and potential preventability of admissions to ICU
Authors: LAWTON Beverley A. , WILSON Leona F , DINSDALE Richard A. , ROSE Sally B. , BROWN Selina A. , TAIT John , COLES Carolyn L , MCCAW Amanda 
Published: July 2010

Background:  Maternal mortality is a rare event in the developed world. Assessment of severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) is therefore an appropriate measure of the quality of maternity care.Aims:  The aim of the study was to conduct a retrospective audit of SAMM cases (pregnant women admitted to a New Zealand Intensive Care Unit) to describe clinical, socio‐demographic characteristics, pregnancy outcomes and preventability.Methods:  Severe acute maternal morbidity cases were reviewed by a multidisciplinary panel to determine reasons for admission to ICU, to classify organ‐system dysfunction and to determine whether the SAMM case was preventable or not. Inclusion criteria were: admission to ICU between 2005 and 2007 during pregnancy or within 42 days of delivery.Results:  Twenty‐nine SAMM cases were reviewed, of which 10 (35%) were deemed preventable. The most common reasons for transfer to ICU were: the need for invasive vascular monitoring, hypotension and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The most frequent types of preventable events were: inadequate diagnosis/recognition of high‐risk status, inappropriate treatment, communication problems and inadequate documentation. All five SAMM cases of septicaemia were deemed preventable. Of the ten preventable cases, three were Maori (50% of the Maori in total audit), four were Pacific (67% of the Pacific in total audit) and three were women of ‘other’ ethnicities (17.6%, 3 of 17 in the audit).Conclusions:  An audit of SAMM cases describing reasons for transfer to ICU and preventability is feasible. We recommend that a prospective national SAMM audit process be introduced in New Zealand as a quality of care measure.
Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Enhances Bcl‐xL Expression Through Protein Kinase Casein Kinase 2‐Activated and Nuclear Factor Kappa B‐Mediated Pathway in Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Chao Chih C. , Ma Yun L. , Lee Eminy H.Y. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was shown to produce its neuroprotective effect through extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3‐K) signaling. But whether other pathways also mediate the neuroprotective effect of BDNF is less known. In this study, we found that direct administration of BDNF to rat hippocampal CA1 area dose‐dependently increased the mRNA and protein levels of Bcl‐xL. BDNF also increased protein kinase casein kinase II (CK2) activity and NF‐κB phosphorylation at Ser529 dose‐dependently. Further, transfection of the wild‐type CK2α DNA to CA1 neurons increased nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) phosphorylation and Bcl‐xL mRNA expression, whereas transfection of CK2α156A, the catalytically inactive mutant of CK2α, decreased these measures. Moreover, transfection of CK2α small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked the enhancing effect of BDNF on NF‐κB phosphorylation and Bcl‐xL expression. These results were further confirmed by treatment of 4,5,6,7‐tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), a specific CK2 inhibitor. Transfection of NF‐κBS529A, the dominant negative mutant of NF‐κB, prevented the enhancing effect of BDNF on Bcl‐xL expression. More importantly, BDNF activation of CK2 is not affected by co‐administration of the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059, and the PI3‐K inhibitor, LY294002. These results demonstrate a novel BDNF signaling pathway and provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for the protective effect of BDNF on hippocampal neurons in vivo.
Risk factors for drug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis inpatients
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Li Youping , Wen Xianmin , Wu Guihui , Li Xi 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Objective To analyze risk factors for drug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) inpatients. Methods Medical records of PTB inpatients in Chengdu Tuberculosis Hospital (CTH) from 2005 to 2007 were investigated retrospectively. A logistic regression model was used to analyze data. Results A total of 330 records were included in the analysis. A history of tuberculosis treatment was associated with drug resistance with odds ratio (OR) 16.79 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) [10.14, 27.80] for all patients. Among new patients, the significant risk factor was duration of illness (OR 0.27, 95% CI [0.16, 0.46]), and for previously treated patients, risk factors included age (OR 0.96, 95% CI [0.93, 0.99]), improper initial chemotherapy (OR 3.85, 95% CI [1.59, 10.00]), and improper handling by medical staff (OR 3.44, 95% CI [1.32, 8.96]). Conclusions A history of drug treatment is associated with drug resistance among PTB inpatients. Initial resistance becomes increasingly serious till 2007. To minimize the development of resistance, more personalized treatment and supervision should be used, and better training for medical staff is needed.
Responses in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells to SNS-032 Depend on the Biological Context of Each Cell Line
Authors: Chen Rong , Chubb Sherri , Cheng Tiewei , Hawtin Rachael E. , Gandhi Varsha , Plunkett William 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
SNS-032 is a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) 2, 7, and 9 that regulate the cell cycle and transcription. Our studies in indolent primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells showed that SNS-032 inhibited transcription, diminished the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, and induced apoptosis. The present study focuses on evaluating this compound in four proliferating mantle cell lymphoma lines (Jeko-1, Granta 519, Mino, and SP-53). Consistent with its action against Cdk9 and Cdk7, SNS-032 inhibited the phosphorylation of RNA pol II in all four lines and blocked RNA synthesis. The transcripts and protein levels of short-lived proteins decreased, including cyclin D1 and Mcl-1. Cell growth was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner in all lines. Apoptosis was induced in JeKo-1, Mino, and SP-53 cells without disrupting cell cycle distribution. However, apoptosis was limited in Granta cells; rather, there was a significant reduction of clonogenic survival. Small interfering RNA was used to specifically knock down Mcl-1 and cyclin D1 in JeKo-1 and Granta cells. Knocking down Mcl-1 induced significant apoptosis in Jeko-1 cells but not Granta cells. Reducing cyclin D1, rather than Mcl-1, was associated with loss of clonogenic survival in Granta cells. Thus, these results indicated that mantle cell lymphoma cell lines have distinct mechanisms sustaining their survival, and the mechanism of action of SNS-032 is dependent on the biological context of an individual line. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6587–97. ©2010 AACR.
MicroRNAs and Metastasis: Little RNAs Go a Long Way
Authors: Dykxhoorn Derek M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are key regulators of many important biological processes from insulin secretion and fat metabolism to cellular proliferation and differentiation. Given the critical role that these small regulatory RNAs play in biology, it is not surprising that the alteration of miRNA expression patterns can have pathogenic consequences. The association between miRNA dysregulation and pathogenesis has been most widely studied in tumorigenesis, and a large number of miRNAs have been identified whose expression levels are changed in various tumor types. Although the role that miRNAs play in the development of metastasis is more poorly defined, recent studies have begun to identify miRNAs that can regulate key steps in the metastatic cascade. This review focuses on two emerging stories, the regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by members of the miR-200 family, and the pleiotropic nature of the metastasis suppressor miR-31. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6401–6. ©2010 AACR.
Do Major Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease in the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation Trial Differ by Healthcare System?
Authors: Chaitman Bernard R. , Hartigan Pamela M. , Booth David C. , Teo Koon K. , Mancini G.B. John , Kostuk William J. , Spertus John A. , Maron David J. , Dada Marcin , O'Rourke Robert A. , Weintraub William S. , Berman Daniel S. , Shaw Leslee J. , Boden William E. ,   on behalf of the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) Trial Investigators
Published: July 2010

Background—
The Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial enrolled patients from 3 distinct healthcare systems (HCSs) in North America. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether there is a treatment difference in cardiovascular outcomes by HCS.

Methods and Results—

The study population included 968 patients from the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), 386 from the US non-VA, and 931 from Canada with different comorbidities and prognoses. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) during the median 4.6-year follow-up. Baseline demographics were similar between percutaneous coronary intervention and optimal medical therapy treatment groups within each HCS. After follow-up, the primary end point of total mortality and nonfatal MI was not statistically significant between percutaneous coronary intervention and optimal medical therapy, regardless of HCS: VA, 22.3% versus 21.9% (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.80–1.38;
P
=0.95); US non-VA, 15.8% versus 21.8% (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.43–1.12;
P
=0.24); Canadian HCS, 17.3% versus 13.5% (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.93–1.83;
P
=0.17). The interaction between HCSs and treatment was not statistically significant. Long-term mortality was significantly higher in the VA system as a result of significantly greater comorbidity and worse left ventricular function.

Conclusions—
In the COURAGE trial, addition of percutaneous coronary intervention to optimal medical therapy did not improve 5-year survival or reduce MI or other major adverse cardiovascular events regardless of whether patients were Canadian or American or US veterans or nonveterans. Outcome differences were largely explained by differences in baseline characteristics known to affect long-term prognosis.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00007657.
AICAR induces apoptosis independently of AMPK and p53 through up-regulation of the BH3-only proteins BIM and NOXA in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Santidrián Antonio F. , González-Gironès Diana M. , Iglesias-Serret Daniel , Coll-Mulet Llorenç , Cosialls Ana M. , de Frias Mercè , Campàs Clara , González-Barca Eva , Alonso Esther , Labi Verena , Viollet Benoit , Benito Adalberto , Pons Gabriel , Villunger Andreas , Gil Joan 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine (AICAR) induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. A clinical study of AICAR is currently being performed in patients with this disease. Here, we have analyzed the mechanisms involved in AICAR-induced apoptosis in CLL cells in which it activates its only well-known molecular target, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, AMPK activation with phenformin or A-769662 failed to induce apoptosis in CLL cells and AICAR also potently induced apoptosis in B lymphocytes from Ampkα1−/− mice, demonstrating an AMPK-independent mechanism of cell death. Importantly, AICAR induced apoptosis irrespective of the tumor suppressor TP53 or ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) status via induction of the mitochondrial pathway. Apoptosis was preceded by an increase in mRNA and protein levels of proapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins of the BH3-only subgroup, including BIM, NOXA, and PUMA in CLL cells. Strikingly, B lymphocytes from Noxa−/− or Bim−/− mice were partially protected from the cytotoxic effects of AICAR. Consistently, B cells from Noxa−/−/Bim−/− mice resisted induction of apoptosis by AICAR as potently as B lymphocytes overexpressing transgenic BCL-2. These findings support the notion that AICAR is an interesting alternative therapeutic option for CLL patients with impaired p53 function and resistance to conventional chemotherapy.
A binuclear oxo-bridged iron(III) complex: structure of {(μ-oxo)-bis[cis-chloro-bis(2,2′-bipyridyl)iron(III)]} dichloride · 0.7 n-amyl alcohol solvate
Authors: Choudhury S. R. , Traquair J. A. , Vittal J. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe title compound [(A crystallographic 2-fold symmetry is present in the cation, in which the bridging oxygen atom lies on the 2-fold axis and bonded to two Fe atoms. Each iron(III) center has a distorted octahedral geometry with the bpy ligands attached in
Spring Small Grain Anatomical Response to Top Growth Clipping1
Authors: Thakur C. , Shands H. L. , Evans R. I. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisStems of top growth clipped field plants of 1 wheat, 3 oats, and 3 barley varieties had vascular bundles more closely arranged and smaller in diameter than those of undipped plants. High temperature (78 F.) reduced stele diameters, number of xylem strands and number of metaxylem vessels. No single causal factor for lodging was isolated although several associations were observed.
Effect of Soil Type, Fertilization, and Stage of Growth on Yield, Chemical Composition, and Biological Value of Ladino Clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)1
Authors: Wedin W. F. , Burger A. W. , Ahlgren H. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn a 4‐year Wisconsin study, greatest yields resulted on Miami silt loam and from cutting at intermediate growth stage. Yield increases from fertilization were greatest on soil types of lower productivity field rating. Highest contents of P, K and N resulted in forage harvested on soil types of medium to high ratings, and from pasture stage harvests. Contents of P and K were increased, Ca decreased, and N unchanged by fertilization. Forage nutritive value measured in guinea pig feeding trials compared closely to field ratings of the soil types.
Cold Resistance of Parent Varieties, F2 Populations, and F3 Lines of 20 Oat Crosses1
Authors: Amirshahi M. C. , Patterson Fred L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAverage survivals in lines of crosses among winterhardy, intermediate‐hardy, and spring oat varieties suggest that cold resistance was governed by genes having cumulative effect without important genie interactions. Some crosses showed promise as a source of combinations with more hardiness than the very winter‐hardy variety Wintok.
Nitrogen Fertilizer for Corn Production on an Irrigated Chestnut Soil1
Authors: Pumphrey F. V. , Harris Lionel 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisStudies of irrigated corn on old rotation plots on very fine sandy loam had the following general results: In year of N fertilizer application, increased yields were influenced by season and soil productivity as well as by time and rate of application. Time of application had little influence on yield on low productivity soil. Marked yield increases from residual N were also influenced by the above factors. Fertilizer N was more efficient during year of application when applied before plowing, at planting time, or side‐dressed when corn was 6 to 12 in. high than when side‐dressed when corn was 20 to 36 in. high. Yield increases from residual nitrogen increased with delay in time of application.
Cotton Pollen Dispersal by Insects1
Authors: Simpson D. M. , Duncan E. N. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNatural crossing averaged 47% at all sampling points in Tennessee experiments. A rapid loss and dilution of original pollen load was noted as the radius of insect activity increased. The pattern of distribution was found to be determined by the insect's foraging habits, rendering cotton a more effective barrier crop than equivalent areas of non‐cotton.
Nutrient Content of Corn as Related to Fertilizer Application and Soil Fertility1
Authors: Ellis B. G. , Knauss C. J. , Smith F. W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFoliar analyses of corn leaves were made in conjunction with Kansas fertilizer experiments. A close relationship was found between content of exchangeable K in soil and leaf content of K. Definite establishment of minimum P content was not possible. Minimum N content for maximum yield varied with time of sampling, ranging from as much as 3.0% when corn was 3 feet high to only 1.9% at early ear stage. Addition of K to soils low in exchangeable K caused decreases in Mg content of leaves. Calcium content did not change markedly as a result of fertilizer application.
Sources of Wheat Stem Rust Resistance1
Authors: Watson I. A. , Stewart Donald M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSeedlings of Khapstein, a variety of T. vulgare resulting from the cross Steinwedel × Khapli emmer, were resistant to most isolates of the prevalent races of stem rust in North America used in this study. Within certain races or race groups, subraces indistinguishable on Khapli could be separated on the basis of their reaction on Khapstein.Kenya 117A (C.I. 12568) and Kenya 117A (W 1347) were dissimilar in their reactions to many of these isolates of stem rust. Kenya 117A (C.I. 12568) differentiated biotypes or subraces of races 11‐32 group, 15B, 17‐29 group, and 38. Kenya 117A (W 1347) was not susceptible to any of the isolates used in these tests but its stem rust resistance was not equal to that of Kenya Farmer.
The Effect of Source, Rate and Time of Nitrogen Application Upon the Yields, Vegetative Composition and Crude Protein Content of Native Flood‐Meadow Hay in Eastern Oregon1
Authors: Cooper Clee S. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNitrogen increased yields of native flood‐meadow hay. A decrease in clover composition by weight with nitrogen fertilization was accompanied by a decrease in crude protein content of hay. Fall and spring applications of N were equally effective.
Cytogenetics of Interspecific Hybrids in the Bromopsis Section of Bromus. I. Diploid and Tetraploid Hybrids1
Authors: Barnett F. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDiploid hybrids in the Bromopsis section of Bromus were, in general, morphologically intermediate, but instances of dominance and heterosis occurred. F1 tetraploid hybrids between B. ciliatus and B. frondosus segregated into dwarf, semi‐dwarf, and normal types. Diploid hybrids showed mean bivalent frequencies of 6.50 to 6.79 per MI cell and little irregularity in AI and quartet stages. Mean bivalent frequencies of 12.33 to 12.81 and moderate frequencies of univalents, trivalents, and quadrivalents occurred in MI cells of F1 tetraploid hybrids. Diploid hybrids were highly sterile, but showed slight fertility as seed parents in backcrosses. Tetraploid hybrids exhibited low fertility under open‐pollination.
Winter Oats Extended Northward by Breeding and Testing1
Authors: Coffman Franklin A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe recent expansion of winter oats has resulted from the development of more disease resistance in the South and more hardiness for northern varieties. Hardiness has been combined with disease resistance. With increased winter resistance oat hardiness nurseries have been shifted northward. Survivals of 39 of 70 entries tested from 1952–56 exceeded Winter Turf, considered the most hardy variety 30 years ago. New York Selection equalled Wintok in hardiness. Cimarron is the first hardy, upright growing oat suitable for pasture yet found. Some new winter oats carry genes for hardiness derived from spring varieties.
An Analysis of Foundation Seed Programs1
Authors: Worzella W. W. , Nargaard U. J. 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisStates agree on many basic principles involving foundation seed programs but no uniform system prevails. In fact, there are wide differences of opinions as to how the programs should operate. It is pointed out that administrative policies to be achieved must, if they are to be successfully implemented, be supported by program principles. An analysis, therefore, of principles that should govern important program phases is made.
Effect of Drying Upon Availability of Potassium in Parsons Silt Loam Surface Soil and Subsoil1
Authors: Scott T. W. , Smith F. W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDrying of both surface and subsoil approximately doubled exchangeable potassium content. Extensive cropping of soils not fertilized with KCI apparently reduced exchangeable potassium to near minimum levels. However, plant uptake of potassium always was greater from previously dried soil than from that kept continuously moist. A single unit of exchangeable potassium in continuously moistened soil was from 20 to 26% more available than the same unit in dried soil. Similarly a single unit in surface soil appeared to be from 10 to 16% more available than a single unit in subsoil.
Influence of Organic Matter and Certain Anions on the Yield and Phosphorus Content of Oats1
Authors: Albritton D. J. , Ellis Roscoe 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn pot culture experiments the influence of organic materials and certain anions on yields and phosphorus contents and uptake by oats were investigated. Silicate supplement was especially effective, much more so than organic materials, in increasing yields and phosphorus uptake.
Biologic Measurement of Environment as an Aid in Selection1
Authors: Grafius J. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTwo models for classifying environment using standard varieties to measure the environment were proposed. Various schemes for selection were discussed and it was shown that it is not always advantageous to save the best lines. This paradox becomes less incredible when, for example, one considers that if a variety performs well at cool night temperatures relative to another, the reverse may be true at high night temperatures. Data were presented to support this point.
Has Teaching Efficiency Improved Under the Honor System?1
Authors: Carter Jack F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe Honor System, a device for student proctoring of examinations, was tried during the winter, spring, and fall quarters, 1956, in the School of Agriculture, North Dakota Agricultural College. Teaching efficiency under the Honor System appears to have been benefited in time saved by instructor previously spent proctoring, increased clarity of test coverage and statement of test questions, and a less tense environment during examinations. Student‐instructor relationship improved and contributed to better communication between pupil and teacher. A large majority of students favored continued use of Honor System.
Effect of Adequate Nutrient Supply and Varying Conditions of Cultivation, Weed Control, and Moisture Supply on Soil Structure and Corn Yields1
Authors: Swanson C. L. W. , Jacobson H. G. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisExperimental data obtained over a 3‐year period with field plots located on Cheshire sandy loam indicate that in humid climates under irrigated conditions with adequate fertilization, it is not necessary to clean cultivate to obtain maximum corn yields, provided the structure of the soil is maintained at an optimum. Under these conditions, one cultivation or use of herbicide may be adequate.
Effects of Long‐Time Soil Treatments on the Organic Carbon Content of Some Illinois Soils1
Authors: Stauffer R. S. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe organic carbon content of 8 soil types on 7 Illinois soil‐experiment fields was relatively little affected by 40 years, of different fertility treatments, although crop yields were increased markedly by the treatments. Three treatments, (1) manure, lime, and rock phosphate, (2) no lime or fertilizer, and (3) residues, lime, rock phosphate, and potash, were included in the study.