bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the nanocellular foaming of polystyrene in supercritical CO2 by adding a CO2‐philic perfluorinated block copolymer
Authors: Ruiz Jose Antonio Reglero , Cloutet Eric , Dumon Michel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNanocellular foaming of polystyrene (PS) and a polystyrene copolymer (PS‐b‐PFDA) with fluorinated block (1,1,2,2‐tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate block, PFDA) was studied in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) via a one‐step foaming batch process. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) was used to synthesize all the polymers. Neat PS and PS‐b‐PFDA copolymer samples were produced by extrusion and solid thick plaques were shaped in a hot‐press, and then subsequently foamed in a single‐step foaming process using scCO2 to analyze the effect of the addition of the fluorinated block copolymer in the foaming behaviour of neat PS. Samples were saturated under high pressures of CO2 (30 MPa) at low temperatures (e.g., 0°C) followed by a depressurization at a rate of 5 MPa/min. Foamed materials of neat PS and PS‐b‐PFDA copolymer were produced in the same conditions showing that the presence of high CO2‐philic perfluoro blocks, in the form of submicrometric separated domains in the PS matrix, acts as nucleating agents during the foaming process. The preponderance of the fluorinated blocks in the foaming behavior is evidenced, leading to PS‐b‐PFDA nanocellular foams with cell sizes in the order of 100 nm, and bulk densities about 0.7 g/cm3. The use of fluorinated blocks improve drastically the foam morphology, leading to ultramicro cellular and possibly nanocellular foams with a great homogeneity of the porous structure directly related to the dispersion of highly CO2‐philic fluorinated blocks in the PS matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of linear waterborne poly(ethyl acrylate‐urethane) prepared from poly(ethyl acrylate) diol via atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Hongdan , Sun Zhidan , Fan Ruixiang , Ren Qiang , Yu Qiang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLinear waterborne poly(ethyl acrylate‐urethane)s (PEA‐Us) were synthesized by reacting a poly (ethyl acrylate) diol (HO‐PEA‐OH) with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid (DMPA). The poly(ethyl acrylate) (HO‐PEA‐Br) was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization of ethyl acrylate with a designed molecular weight (Mn) of about 2000 and the hydroxyl (OH) end capped poly(ethyl acrylate) (HO‐PEA‐OH) was obtained by substituting the bromo end group with N‐ethanol methyl amine. The HO‐PEA‐OH of Mn 2000 with OH functionality of about 1.92 and the linear waterborne PEA‐U with Mn of about 13,300 were obtained and characterized by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), gel permeation chromatography, thermo gravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. When the ratio of isocyanate to hydroxyl group (NCO/OH) was 1.4 and DMPA was 5 wt %, the waterborne PEA‐U was a tough material with a tensile strength of 4.9 MPa, elastic modulus of 31.9 N/mm2 and elongation at break of about 286%, which showed its potential applications in many fields. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (−)‐Linarinic Acid Derivatives as Neuroprotective Agents against OGD‐Induced Cell Damage
Authors: Tian Yu , Ma Chao , Feng Linyin , Zhang Lei , Hao Feiyue , Pan Li , Cheng Maosheng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA series of novel (−)‐1,2,3,9‐tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1‐b]quinazoline‐1‐carboxylic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. All of the prepared compounds were screened for their neuroprotective effects using an in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model of ischemic stroke. Some of the target compounds exhibited moderate to excellent protective potency. In particular, compounds 9d, 9e, 9g, and 9h showed significant protective effects in the SH‐SY5Y cell line at all three concentrations tested.
Exposure to Green Tea Extract Alters the Incidence of Specific Cyclophosphamide‐Induced Malformations
Authors: Logsdon Amanda L. , Herring Betty J. , Lockard Jarrett E. , Miller Brittany M. , Kim Hanna , Hood Ronald D. , Bailey Melissa M. 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUNDGreen tea extract (GTE) has been shown to have antioxidative properties due to its high content of polyphenols and catechin gallates. Previous studies indicated that catechin gallates scavenge free radicals and attenuate the effects of reactive oxygen species. Cyclophosphamide (CP) produces reactive oxidative species, which can have adverse effects on development, causing limb, digit, and cranial abnormalities. The current study was performed to determine if exposure to GTE can decrease teratogenic effects induced by CP in CD‐1 mice.METHODSFrom gestation days (GD) 6–13, mated CD‐1 mice were dosed with 400 or 800 mg/kg/d GTE; 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg/d GTE + CP; CP alone, or the vehicle. GTE was given by gavage. CP (20 mg/kg) was given by intraperitoneal injection on GD 10. Dams were sacrificed on GD 17, and their litters were examined for adverse effects.RESULTSThe highest GTE dose did not effectively attenuate, and in some cases exacerbated the negative effect of CP. GTE alone was also associated with an increased incidence of microblepharia. Conversely, moderate GTE doses (200 and/or 400 mg/kg/d) attenuated the effect of CP on fetal weight and (GTE 200 mg/kg/d) decreased the incidences of certain defects resulting from CP exposure.CONCLUSIONSExposure of a developing mammal to moderate doses of GTE can modulate the effects of exposure to CP during development, possibly by affecting biotransformation, while a higher GTE dose tended to exacerbate the developmental toxicity of CP. GTE alone appeared to cause an adverse effect on eyelid development.
Extracellular vesicles – vehicles that spread cancer genes
Authors: Rak Janusz , Guha Abhijit 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOnce regarded as cellular ‘debris’ extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerge as one of the most intriguing entities in cancer pathogenesis. Intercellular trafficking of EVs challenges the notion of cancer cell autonomy, and highlights the multicellular nature of such fundamental processes as stem cell niche formation, tumour stroma generation, angiogenesis, inflammation or immunity. Recent studies reveal that intercellular exchange mediated by EVs runs deeper than expected, and includes molecules causative for cancer progression, such as oncogenes (epidermal growth factor receptor, Ras), and tumour suppressors (PTEN). The uptake of oncogenic EVs (oncosomes) by various cells may profoundly change their biology, signalling patterns and gene expression, and in some cases cause their overt tumorigenic conversion. Moreover, EVs circulating in blood and present in body fluids provide an unprecedented access to the molecular circuitry driving cancer cells, and new technologies are being developed to exploit this property as a source of unique cancer biomarkers.
Copper excess, zinc deficiency, and cognition loss in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Brewer George J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this special issue about biofactors causing cognitive impairment, we present evidence for and discuss two such biofactors. One is excess copper, causing neuronal toxicity. The other is zinc deficiency, causing neuronal damage. We present evidence that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become an epidemic in developed, but not undeveloped, countries and that the epidemic is a new disease phenomenon, beginning in the early 1900s and exploding in the last 50 years. This leads to the conclusion that something in the developed environment is a major risk factor for AD. We hypothesize that the factor is inorganic copper, leached from the copper plumbing, the use of which coincides with the AD epidemic. We present a web of evidence supporting this hypothesis. Regarding zinc, we have shown that patients with AD are zinc deficient when compared with age‐matched controls. Zinc has critical functions in the brain, and lack of zinc can cause neuronal death. A nonblinded study about 20 years ago showed considerable improvement in AD with zinc therapy, and a mouse AD model study also showed significant cognitive benefit from zinc supplementation. In a small blinded study we carried out, post hoc analysis revealed that 6 months of zinc therapy resulted in significant benefit relative to placebo controls in two cognitive measuring systems. These two factors may be linked in that zinc therapy significantly reduced free copper levels. Thus, zinc may act by lowering copper toxicity or by direct benefit on neuronal health, or both.
Outcomes of simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation from brain-dead and controlled circulatory death donors
Authors: Qureshi M S , Callaghan C J , Bradley J A , Watson C J E , Pettigrew G J 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Organ scarcity has prompted increased use of organs from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors. An early single-centre experience of simultaneous pancreas–kidney (SPK) transplantation from controlled DCD donors is described here.

Methods
Outcomes of SPK transplants from DCD and donation after brain death (DBD) donors between August 2008 and January 2011 were reviewed retrospectively.

Results
SPK transplants from 20 DCD and 40 DBD donors were carried out. Donor and recipient characteristics were similar for both groups, although pancreas cold ischaemia times were shorter in DCD recipients: median (range) 8·2 (5·9–10·5) versus 9·5 (3·8–12·5) h respectively (P = 0·004). Median time from treatment withdrawal to cold perfusion was 24 (range 16–110) min for DCD donors. There were no episodes of delayed pancreatic graft function in either group; the graft thrombosis rates were both 5 per cent. Similarly, there were no differences in haemoglobin A1c level at 12 months: median (range) 5·4 (4·9–7·7) per cent in DCD group versus 5·4 (4·1–6·2) per cent in DBD group (P = 0·910). Pancreas graft survival rates were not significantly different, with Kaplan–Meier 1-year survival estimates of 84 and 95 per cent respectively (P = 0·181).

Conclusion
DCD SPK grafts had comparable short-term outcomes to DBD grafts, even when procured from selected donors with a prolonged agonal phase.
Intensive use of mobile technologies in a computer engineering course
Authors: Barbosa Jorge L. V. , Hahn Rodrigo , Barbosa Débora N. F. , Segatto Wilian 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis article details our experience involving the intensive use of mobile technologies in the pedagogical activities of a Computer Engineering (CE) course. We describe three learning projects in order to illustrate how these activities can impact learning, allowing a stronger engagement of students and creating a dynamic pedagogical approach.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:686–698, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21560
Learning and the new workplace: Impacts of technology change on postsecondary career and technical education
Authors: Washbon Janet L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis chapter explores how technological innovation is changing the kinds of skills and knowledge used in the workplace and how two‐year colleges are responding to these changes. It features examples of new and emerging practices in Wisconsin's technical colleges that situate learning in settings designed to meet the needs of learners and their communities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Asymmetric 2,4,6‐Triazidopyridines.
Authors: Chapyshev S. V. , Korchagin D. V. , Shilov G. V. , Aldoshin S. M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe results of comparative X‐ray analysis of novel asymmetric 2,4,6‐triazidopyridines (II) are discussed extensively.
Validation of the Swedish Version of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM)
Authors: Elfström M. L. , Evans C. , Lundgren J. , Johansson B. , Hakeberg M. , Carlsson S. G. 
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this study was to perform an initial validation of a Swedish translation of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM). The CORE‐OM is a broad self‐report instrument of psychological problems, designed as an outcome measure for evaluating the effects of psychological therapy. Participants included a non‐clinical group of 229 university students and a clinical group of 619 persons from four primary care sites. The Swedish CORE‐OM showed excellent acceptability, high internal consistency and test–retest reliability, as well as acceptable convergent validity. There was strong differentiation of the clinical and non‐clinical samples, with the clinical group scoring significantly more psychological problems than the non‐clinical group. Sensitivity to change was demonstrated in psychological treatments in primary care. Overall, the psychometric characteristics of the Swedish CORE‐OM were very similar to the original UK data. Nevertheless, the validity of the Swedish version needs to be examined more in detail, in larger and more diverse samples. Our results so far, however, provide support for using the Swedish CORE‐OM as a psychological problems measure. To our knowledge, there are few other relatively short measures in Swedish that are free to reprint that meet the demands for psychometric properties and utility in primary care settings in which patients typically present a broad range of psychological problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

The Swedish version of the CORE‐OM is a valid questionnaire for assessing the severity of a broad range of psychological problems.
Expanding newborn screening for lysosomal disorders: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Waggoner Darrel J. , Tan Christopher A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNewborn screening (NBS), since its implementation in the 1960s, has traditionally been successful in reducing mortality and disability in children with a range of different conditions. Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic diseases that result from lysosomal dysfunction. Based on available treatment and suitable screening methods, the LSDs that are considered for NBS generally include Fabry, Gaucher, Krabbe, MPSI, MPSII, MPSV, Metachromatic leukodystrophy, Niemann‐Pick, and Pompe. Utilizing traditional and expanded criteria for consideration of NBS leads to a set of fundamental questions that need to be explored when considering the opportunities and challenges of adding LSDs to NBS panels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2011; 17:9–14.
Health disparities and intellectual disabilities: Lessons from individuals with down syndrome
Authors: Ploeg Booth Karin Vander 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIndividuals with intellectual disabilities experience health disparities and disparities in accessing health care services compared to individuals within the general population. In order to eliminate these disparities the contributors to them must be understood. In this article, we aim to describe a recent reconceptualization of health and disability (Krahn, et al. [2006] Mental. Retard. Dev. Disabilities Res. Rev. 12:70–82) to further understand the health disparities between individuals with Down syndrome, the most common identified cause of intellectual disability in the United States, and the general population. We also detail known health disparities between individuals with Down syndrome of different races and discuss the possible reasons for these disparities, as well as potential actions to address them. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2011; 17:32–35.
How do we assess family supports and fairness in early intervention?
Authors: Belcher Harolyn M.E. , Hairston‐Fuller Tody C. , McFadden Jenese 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPublic Law 99–457 extended the landmark Public Law 94–142 legislation to include early intervention for infants and toddlers with or at‐risk for development of developmental disabilities. Currently over 300,000 infants and toddlers and their families in the United States receive services through Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education legislation. The law fostered interagency collaborations and included the child's parent or caregiver as an integral part of the intervention team. This article reviews the 26 years of legislation associated with educating young children with disabilities and the resulting early intervention service delivery system. Analyses and review of studies of Part C services are offered to inform policies that enhance early identification, family engagement, and intervention delivery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2011; 17:36–43.
Do people with intellectual disability require special human subjects research protections? The interplay of history, ethics, and policy
Authors: Feudtner Chris , Brosco Jeffrey P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPeople with intellectual disability (ID) have a long history of discrimination and stigmatization, and a more recent history of pride and self‐advocacy. The early history suggests that people with ID are a vulnerable population and deserve special research protections as do some other groups; the disability rights movement of the late 20th century aligns people with ID more closely with the principle of autonomy that has guided clinical and research ethics for the last 40 years. In examining the history of people with ID and the prevailing framework of human subjects research protections in the United States, we conclude that people with ID do not require special protection in human subjects research. The protections that have already been put in place for all individuals, if conscientiously and effectively implemented, achieve the right balance between safeguarding the interest of human research subjects and empowering individuals who choose to do so to participate in research. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2011; 17:52–56.
Comparison of urine and hair testing for drugs of abuse in the control of abstinence in driver's license re‐granting
Authors: Dufaux Bertin , Agius Ronald , Nadulski Thomas , Kahl Hans‐Gerhard 
Published: March 2012

The purpose of the study was to compare the detection rate of illicit drugs in urine and hair specimens. The samples were taken from subjects trying to regain their revoked driver's license after a drug‐ or alcohol‐related traffic offence. In 2010, we screened 14 000 urine and 3900 hair samples for amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, methadone, and benzodiazepines as well as for ethylglucuronide. We used the low threshold values of the new German guidelines for Medical Psychological Assessment (MPA). Positive screening tests were confirmed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) or liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS).The results show that positivity rates for methamphetamines, MDMA, cocaine, and monoacetylmorphine were 1.7‐, 5.7‐, 3.8‐ and 9.3‐fold higher in hair than in urine. In contrast, the detection rate for benzodiazepines was higher in urine than in hair (oxazepam, 0.21% versus 0%, nordiazepam 0.10% versus 0.03%). The positivity rate in hair for ethylglucuronide was 6‐fold (12.7%) that for urine testing (2.1%).The study reveals that in the control of abstinence in the context of driving license re‐granting there are in part large differences of positivity rates for some drugs or metabolites between hair and urine samples. These differences should be kept in mind by physicians and psychologists in traffic medicine who are ordering the drug testing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1,1‐Dicyano‐4‐[4‐(diethylamino)phenyl]buta‐1,3‐dienes: Structure–Property Relationships
Authors: Tancini Francesca , Wu Yi‐Lin , Schweizer W. Bernd , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Boudon Corinne , Jarowski Peter D. , Beels Marten T. , Biaggio Ivan , Diederich François 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report the synthesis and physical study of a series of 1,1‐dicyano‐4‐[4‐(diethylamino)phenyl]buta‐1,3‐dienes in which the number and position of additional CN substituents along the 1,1‐dicyanobuta‐1,3‐dienyl fragment is systematically varied. While X‐ray analysis provided unambiguous information about molecular geometries in the crystal, UV/Vis and electrochemical measurements, by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk voltammetry (RDV), revealed that introduction of additional cyano groups in the C2‐ and C4‐positions most affected the optical properties of these molecules in solution, in terms of intramolecular charge‐transfer absorption energy and intensity. A comparison with structurally related chromophores indicates that the shift of the anilino donor from position 2/3 to 4 along the butadiene scaffold results in a remarkable bathochromic shift of the ICT absorption maxima, mainly due to the higher planarity in the present series. These findings are further corroborated by density functional theory calculations. Preliminary nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements confirm the promise of the new push‐pull chromophores as third‐order nonlinear‐optical molecular materials.
Expanding the C1‐Symmetric Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene Ligand Family: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic β‐Aryl‐Substituted Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Liu Chia‐Chen , Janmanchi Damodar , Chen Chun‐Chih , Wu Hsyueh‐Liang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe efficient preparation of highly enantioenriched cyclic β‐aryl‐substituted carbonyl compounds has been achieved through the RhI‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐addition of an array of arylboronic acids to cyclic α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. In the presence of 0.1 or 0.5 mol‐% of the RhI/1g complex, the products of conjugate addition were isolated in 89 to 98 % ee and in good to excellent yield.
No genuine self‐forgiveness without accepting responsibility: Value reaffirmation as a key to maintaining positive self‐regard
Authors: Wenzel Michael , Woodyatt Lydia , Hedrick Kyli 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMeasures of self‐forgiveness that merely focus on the outcome of positive self‐regard risk neglecting the process through which offenders restore it. They may thus tap pseudo self‐forgiveness where offenders downplay their responsibility for the wrongdoing. For genuine self‐forgiveness, the process should instead involve an attenuation of the negative link between responsibility acceptance and positive self‐regard. In this paper, we examine how acts of value reaffirmation facilitate genuine self‐forgiveness. In Study 1, a role‐play experiment (N = 90), participants either confessed their wrongdoing to the victim or not. Although responsibility acceptance was strongly negatively related to reported self‐forgiveness (i.e., self‐regard), this relationship was tempered when participants confessed their wrongdoing to the victim and, through this, reaffirmed the violated values. In Study 2, a longitudinal study referring to self‐reported transgressions (N = 74), responsibility acceptance was negatively related to self‐forgiveness measures as well as self‐esteem when offenders showed little value reaffirmation, but not when they more strongly reaffirmed the violated values. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.