bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection of a Novel Human Influenza (H1N1) of Pandemic Potential by Conventional and Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR Assays
Authors: Poon Leo L M , Chan K H , Smith G J , Leung C S W , Guan Y , Yuen K Y , Peiris J S M 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Background: Influenza A viruses are medically important viral pathogens that cause significant mortality and morbidity throughout the world. The recent emergence of a novel human influenza A virus (H1N1) poses a serious health threat. Molecular tests for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed.
Methods: We developed a conventional 1-step RT-PCR assay and a 1-step quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay to detect the novel H1N1 virus, but not the seasonal H1N1 viruses. We also developed an additional real-time RT-PCR that can discriminate the novel H1N1 from other swine and human H1 subtype viruses.
Results: All of the assays had detection limits for the positive control in the range of 1.0 × 10−4 to 2.0 × 10−3 of the median tissue culture infective dose. Assay specificities were high, and for the conventional and real-time assays, all negative control samples were negative, including 7 human seasonal H1N1 viruses, 1 human H2N2 virus, 2 human seasonal H3N2 viruses, 1 human H5N1 virus, 7 avian influenza viruses (HA subtypes 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10), and 48 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from patients with noninfluenza respiratory diseases; for the assay that discriminates the novel H1N1 from other swine and human H1 subtype viruses, all negative controls were also negative, including 20 control NPAs, 2 seasonal human H1N1 viruses, 2 seasonal human H3N2 viruses, and 2 human H5N1 viruses.
Conclusions: These assays appear useful for the rapid diagnosis of cases with the novel H1N1 virus, thereby allowing better pandemic preparedness.
Breakthrough into action
Authors: Scollon Ron , Scollon Suzie Wong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe take as axiomatic from Hymes's work that the linguistic structures of oral narrative should be construed not as abstract and ideal but as artifacts of the human mind in action in society, and that the indissoluble tension between structure and creativity should be moved by analysts in the direction of social justice. The problem we faced in an extended set of action projects aimed at reducing discrimination against Alaska Natives was that problems framed for our attention were often misleading though on the surface clear-cut and reasonable. We began by viewing narrative as a work of social interaction between storyteller and audience in which taboos often dictate indirect statement, and gradually learned to see action as the active punch line. We began to breakthrough into action—acting ourselves in order to learn how people act, what they know and value, how they structure their worlds—using a strategy we now call “nexus analysis.” Taking narrative as the discursive doppelganger of action, we trained educators and medics to perceive and pursue indigenous hunting strategies of carefully surrounding rather than going directly to quarry. We worked through abduction by moving from action to action, becoming directly engaged in processes of social change.
The place of narrative in human affairs: the implications of Hymes's Amerindian work for understanding text and talk
Authors: Collins James 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThroughout his long career, Dell Hymes studied and wrote about American Indian languages and cultures, and this work has enduring significance for how we think about relations between text and talk. In providing an account of that significance, the article focuses on Hymes's writing about American Indians and narrative, exploring the close interrelations among the two, then discussing his specific contributions to ethnopoetic theory, illustrating these with reference to a Tolowa (Athabaskan) narrative. Because he trenchantly critiqued received assumptions about the relation between speaking and writing, Hymes's ethnopoetic work has implications for ongoing debates about literacy and society, which is discussed at length. I conclude that his narrative scholarship raises but ultimately leaves unsettled fundamental questions about the relation between text and context.
Hymes's linguistics and ethnography in education
Authors: Hornberger Nancy H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEducation is one of the arenas in which Hymes has brought his scholarship and politics of advocacy to bear in the world, perhaps most visibly through his University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education deanship (1975–1987), but also through the scope and depth of his writings on linguistics and ethnography in education. Language inequality is an enduring theme of Hymes's work, in relation not only to Native American ethnopoetics, narrative analysis, and linguistic socialization, but also to educational linguistics and ethnography in education. Hymes proposed a vision and a set of ways of doing educational linguistics and ethnography in education—from ethnographic monitoring and ethnography of communication to ethnopoetics of oral narrative and ethnography of language policy—that have inspired and informed researchers for a generation and more.
Dell Hymes's visions of enquiry
Authors: Rampton Ben 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis commentary initially addresses Hymes's uncompromising scrutiny of the institutions of research, ceaselessly setting them alongside the people and processes that academics study. Turning then to the articles in this collection, it links this critical reflexivity to ethnopoetics as a project in the recovery of voices encrypted in the scholarly record, and it notes continuing tensions in the pursuit of equality and rigor. Last, it describes Hymes as a kind of “virtual mentor” for linguistic ethnography outside the United States. In a context where the boundaries between disciplines are often treated lightly, Hymes provides both a map of central currents in contemporary thought and a set of motives and tools for the exploration of local sites—he articulates a view of “social reality as practical activity” that antedates Bourdieu's praxis and Giddens's structuration and pioneers a framework for describing this empirically. In addition, when disciplinary conventions are relativized, and/or practical relevance looms large, there is a route back to first principles in the unflinching mutual interrogation between linguistics and ethnography that runs throughout his work.
Esther in der Interpretation der Kirchenväter: Königin, Vorbild der Tapferkeit oder Typus der Kirche?
Authors: Siquans Agnethe 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
This article deals with the interpretation and use of the book of Esther in patristic texts. A special focus lies on the person of Queen Esther herself. She is described and estimated very differently in different texts. Very often she is praised for her courage und the salvation of her people (sometimes together with Judith). Other texts focus on her prayer and her fast which give her the strength to save her people with God's help. So Esther is an example of Christian life. Especially the plurality of perspectives in the patristic texts can be interesting for modern biblical scholarship.
Origine militare e fiscale dell'hospitalitas. L'esempio dell'Epistula 62 (19) inviata da Ambrogio a Vigilio di Trento
Authors: D'Andrea Claudia Tavolieri 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
The article focuses upon the hospitalitas as it is presupposed in the letter of Ambrose to the new installed bishop Vigil of Trent and looks for the historical background, especially given in the laws of the Emperor collected in Codex Theodosianus VII (De metatis). This leads to a detailed image of the ancient territory of Trent and the special strategic importance of the city and other places nearby. A comparison with the informations about Antiochia and the places where public activities of welfare for the benefit of the society were gathered shows how intensively the classic traditions were still alive in the more and more Christianized atmosphere of the 4th century.
La lettre 177,16-18 de saint Augustin, écho atténué à un conflit d'exégèse patristique au temps de la controverse pélagienne?
Authors: Dalmon Laurence 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

Epistula 177 (written in autumn 416 AD73) was sent to the Roman bishop Innocent 1st to convince him of condemning pelagian heresy. Epistula 177,16-18, which are devoted to the topic of impeccantia, show signs of a exegetical duel which then opposed Augustine and Pelagius concerning an excerpt from the ambrosial commentary of Saint Luke's (Ambrosius, Expositio euangelii secundum Lucam I 17). The contemporary writings of both opponents quite reflect the topicality and vehemence of this debate, which is incidentally mentioned in an excursus, in Epistula 177. Why such a discretion? We shall work upon a personal translation of the text mentioned above. After refocusing the debate on impeccantia, in the broader context of the pelagian controversy, we shall study the issues of the dispute around the ambrosial authority; we shall then try to understand why the signatories of Epistula 177 thought appropriate of toning down this conflict of interpretation in a letter to Rome.
Steffen Diefenbach, Römische Erinnerungsräume. Heiligenmemoria und kollektive Identitäten im Rom des 3. bis 5. Jahrhunderts n. Chr.
Authors: Lambrecht Ulrich 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
For a long time historians took it for granted that the history of memorial culture from Late Antiquity to the early Middle Ages was characterized by a clear continuity. As a historian of Antiquity, but drawing upon the latest theoretical achievements in the interdisciplinary field of memory and identity studies, Steffen Diefenbach now challenges this view by pointing to significant transformations that went along with the transition of eras. In a series of five case studies on various aspects of the memory of saints and ancient Roman history between 250 and 500 A.D. Diefenbach analyzes the ways in which the social fabric of ancient life was deeply transformed between the 3rd and 6th centuries and how it became dissolved into something new. This process affected not only the topography of the city but also the life and mentality of its inhabitants. New references of memory triggered an accelerating change that eventually lead to the historical end of the ancient city. Diefenbach offers convincing results in regard to various topics and manages to turn them into general insights into a continuous process of transformation.
Carl Schmidt und kein Ende. Aus großer Zeit der Koptologie an der Berliner Akademie und der Theologischen Fakultät der Universität
Authors: Markschies Christoph 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
This article presents the life and work of the Berlin coptologist Carl Schmidt (1868-1938) in the light of new sources, among them the correspondence between Schmidt and his mentor Adolf Harnack. Due to Carl Schmidt's continuous purchase of newly discovered texts and their preparation for critical editions changed the image of Ancient Christianity, partly in a radical sense. This is especially the case for the Manichaean and other Gnostic texts, but even for some apocrypha he discovered during his numerous expeditions to Egypt. The efforts of preparing critical editions of these newly found documents last until today. Thus first as an assistant of the “Berliner Kirchenväteredition”, then as an initially adjunct professor of Church History, who also gave lectures at the Berlin Faculty of Theology, Carl Schmidt gave support to his lifetime mentor Harnack.
Die Forschung am Thomasevangelium im Berliner Arbeitskreis für koptisch-gnostische Schriften. Beobachtungen anhand von Logion 58 (NHC II, p. 43,7-9)
Authors: Schröter Jens 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
Starting with some reflections on the history of the “Berliner Arbeitskreis” this article discusses characteristics of the German translation of the Gospel of Thomas which was produced by this group and published in the 15th edition of the “Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum” as well as in “Nag Hammadi Deutsch”. Thereby Logion 58, the motto for he Symposium honoring Hans-Gebhard Bethge, was chosen as an example. A comparison with the first German translation, done by Johannes Leipoldt and published in 1958, gives an insight into philological and textual decisions made by the „Berliner Arbeitskreis” during the work on the Gospel of Thomas.
Die Eschatologie des Thomasevangeliums
Authors: Pokorný Petr 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
The Gospel of Thomas with its spiritual eschatology is a timeless Platonic interpretation of the Early Christian faith. Nevertheless in its inner structure this interpretation may have been an intentional attempt to restore and re-present the realized eschatology mediated by the Holy Spirit as it was at the beginning. This was an experience that did not yet acknowledge the splitting of the Christian eschatology into the first and second coming of Jesus as the Messiah. The Thomasine group considered this early experience to be the most authentic expression of faith and tried to express it by means of a Platonic project.
„Perlen vor die Säue“ – Mt 7,6 im Licht von EvThom 93
Authors: Plisch Uwe-Karsten 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
The essay discusses the two-part rule in Mt 7,6 in light of its parallel in Gospel of Thomas 93. This often ignored parallel, even though the closest parallel to Mt 7,6 in terms of history of religion, has a more simple structure than the text of Mt 7,6. This simple structure (rule 1 followed by its rationale, then rule 2 followed by its rationale) makes a strong argument for the interpretation of the text of Mt 7,6 as chiastic. In light of Gospel of Thomas 93, most of the common German and English translations of Mt 7,6 seem to be mistranslated.
Sethianer?
Authors: Luttikhuizen Gerard P. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
In two seminal articles Hans Martin Schenke and his “Berliner Arbeitskreis” proposed the designation “Sethianism” for an allegedly distinctive body of Gnostic texts. His proposal was adopted and elaborated by several scholars. Focusing on the Apocryphon of John, the present essay discusses some aspects of the Sethian thesis: what is the role played by Seth and the Sethians in this important mythological text, is it correct to assume that its teachings are essentially pre-Christian Jewish?
Der Begriff μετάνoια in gnostischen Schriften
Authors: Brankaer Johanna 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
This paper explores the use and meaning of the concept of μετάνoια in Gnostic texts. It is found with regard to Sophia, Sabaoth and the soul. It expresses their avertion from the created order and its demiurge and their conversion to the real God. The main characteristics of the μετάνoια are: it starts off as an avertion, some kind of negative knowledge about reality; it involves some public display of culpability and regret; it is a demand to a graceful deity who allows for an eschatological liberation of everything that belongs to the order of creation; before this return to the pleromatic origin takes places, the repentent often stays in a place called the μετάνoια. Typical for the Gnostic μετάνoια is the fact that it has an epistemic value: it is the condition for true knowledge.
Warum und inwiefern ist Judas ein „Daimon“? Überlegungen zum Evangelium des Judas (Codex Tchacos 44,21)
Authors: Petersen Silke 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
The recently published Gospel of Judas has rapidly become a disputed text. Whilst some scholars welcome the depiction of a “good Judas”, which they believe can be found in this text, others believe that Judas is here portrayed as negatively as ever – even not more so. That Jesus calls Judas a “demon” seems to support the latter opinion. This article explores the use of the term “demon” in a range of ancient texts – the New Testament, the Nag Hammadi writings, and the Platonic tradition – discussing which might shed light on the Judas figure in the Gospel of Judas. It concludes that the question of whether Judas is presented as good or bad is misleading: Judas is neither good nor bad, but a middle figure with the ability of receiving and communicating revelation.
Erste Annäherung einer Hermeneutik des in alttestamentlichen Schriften mit Überlegungen zur Rezeption dieses Begriffes in den neutestamentlichen Evangelien
Authors: Brix Katrine 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
Compared to the frequent use of the word παραβoλή in the Septuagint and the Synoptic Gospels the absence of this term in the Gospel of John prompted this investigation of the hermeneutic of the Hebrew I in accordance with its Greek translation in the Septuagint as παραβoλή and παρoιμíα respectively. Etymologically I has several meanings: “proverb”, “byword”, “reproach” and “parable”. Despite these different meanings coherence can still be found within the hermeneutical setting of the word, where it seems to signify either a positive or negative relationship between Yahweh and Israel. In the negative sense of the word it appears as “proverb”, “byword” or “reproach” indicating a broken relationship between Yahweh and Israel caused by disobedience to the Word of the Covenant. In the positive sense of the word it indicates a manifest and unique relationship between Yahweh and the one speaking the , i.e. an elect individual such as a prophet or king of Israel.
Only in Ezekiel (Ez 17,2; 21,5; 24,3) the word appears in the sense of parable in accordance with the Synoptic use of the word as expressing exhortation in riddles. Where the needs a human being as medium and thus never goes forth directly from the mouth of Yahweh, the revelation of the Will of Yahweh is not expressed in , but in דבד,אמד, in Septuagint λóγoς or ῥῆμα. Though the Synoptic παραβoλή is commonly understood as a riddle or simile it is remarkable that these riddles do not appear without exhortation, which may require a reconsideration of the definition of the Synoptic παραβoλή. This in turn leads to further questions concerning the consequences of a παραβoλή-speaking Christ for the Christology. If this argument is accepted it might be possible to draw a tentative conclusion to the absence of the word παραβoλή in the Gospel of John, where the divine λóγoς is not transformed into /παραβoλή through the flesh of Jesus or by his act of speaking, but remains λóγoς, ῥῆμα and related to the positive sense of as παρoιμíα. Thus, Jesus not only gains a higher status as a prophet, but the words he speaks are more than exhortations to the Word of Yahweh, they are the Words of Yahweh.
Hermes Trismegistos, die Gnosis und der „Berliner Arbeitskreis für koptisch-gnostische Schriften“ – Ein Rückblick
Authors: Tröger Karl-Wolfgang 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
Since 40 years the „Berliner Arbeitskreis für koptisch-gnostische Schriften“ deals with the translation and interpretation of the writings of Nag Hammadi. In this time, numerous international meetings and close cooperation occured, visible in several publications. The East-West-conflict meant heavy difficulties for this, but common scientific work and personal friendship made it possible. The highly specialized research founded by Hans-Martin Schenke († 2002) is successfully continued by Hans-Gebhard Bethge and several young scholars.
TRPC1 and TRPC6 Channels Cooperate with TRPV4 to Mediate Mechanical Hyperalgesia and Nociceptor Sensitization
Authors: Alessandri-Haber Nicole , Dina Olayinka A. , Chen Xiaoje , Levine Jon D. 
Published: May 2009

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) contributes to mechanical hyperalgesia of diverse etiologies, presumably as part of a mechanoreceptor signaling complex (Alessandri-Haber et al., 2008). To investigate the hypothesis that a functional interaction between TRPV4 and stretch-activated ion channels (SACs) is involved in this mechanical transduction mechanism, we used a selective SACs inhibitor, GsMTx-4. Intradermal injection of GsMTx-4 in the rat hindpaw reversed the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intradermal injection of inflammatory mediators.In vivosingle fiber recordings showed that GsMTx-4 reversed inflammatory mediator-induced decrease in mechanical threshold in half of sensitized C-fibers. Furthermore, GsMTx-4 reduced hyperalgesia to both mechanical and hypotonic stimuli in different models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, although it had no effect on baseline mechanical nociceptive thresholds.TRPC1 and TRPC6, two GsMTx-4-sensitive SACs, are expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Single-cell reverse transcription-PCR showed that messenger RNAs for TRPV4, TRPC1, and TRPC6 are frequently coexpressed in DRG neurons. Spinal intrathecal administration of oligodeoxynucleotides antisense to TRPC1 and TRPC6, like that to TRPV4, reversed the hyperalgesia to mechanical and hypotonic stimuli induced by inflammatory mediators without affecting baseline mechanical nociceptive threshold. However, antisense to TRPC6, but not to TRPC1, reversed the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by a thermal injury or the TRPV4-selective agonist 4α-PDD (4 α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate). We conclude that TRPC1 and TRPC6 channels cooperate with TRPV4 channels to mediate mechanical hyperalgesia and primary afferent nociceptor sensitization, although they may have distinctive roles.
Surface enhanced raman scattering of aromatic thiols adsorbed on nanostructured gold surfaces
Authors: Abdelsalam Mamdouh 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
In this paper we describe the use of a simple and versatile technique of templated electrodeposition through polystyrene sphere templates to produce nanostructured films of gold with regular submicron spherical holes arranged in a hexagonal close-packed structure. The templates were produced by self assembly of a monodispersed suspension of polystyrene spheres on gold substrates using capillary forces. The self assembly process was modified through the chemical modification of the gold substrate with cysteamine thiol. Films of gold were prepared by electrochemical deposition through the template. The electrochemical deposition charge and the current time curve were used to control the film height with a precision of approximately 10 nm. The colour of the nanostructured films changed as the film thickness was changed. Surface enhanced Raman Scattering spectra were recorded and used to identify very low concentrations of aromatic thiol molecules, 4-Nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) and 4-Aminobenzenethiol (4-ABT), adsorbed on the surface of the nanostructured gold substrates.
Physiotherapy and Low Back Pain in the Injured Worker: An Examination of Current Practice During the Subacute Phase of Healing
Authors: Harman Katherine , Fenety Anne , Hoens Alison , Crouse James , Padfield Bev 
Published: May 2009

Purpose: To describe current physiotherapy practice for injured workers with subacute low back pain (SA-LBP). Method: A chart audit of discharged workers was conducted over three episodes of care: 4–6 weeks (T1), 6–8 weeks (T2), and 8–10 weeks (T3) post-injury. The prevalence and reproducibility of parameters for common interventions were calculated as the percentage of active charts over time. Focus groups were used to validate audit results and deepen our understanding of practice. Results: In all, 164 charts were audited. The most prevalent interventions were (1) for manual therapy, joint mobilization and traction; (2) for electrophysical agents (EPAs), heat, ultrasound, and interferential therapy; and (3) for exercise, core stabilization exercises. Transcript analyses revealed that participants viewed injured workers with SA-LBP in a positive light, emphasized the importance of physiotherapy, and discussed SA-LBP in five themes: time frame, non-specific diagnosis, mixed client outlook, change in pain presentation, and the transition from a passive to a more active treatment approach. Conclusions: The pattern of decreasing passive and increasing active interventions is consistent with the focus-group participants’ description of how they approach treatment of clients with SA-LBP. Also noted was a higher prevalence of interventions poorly supported by evidence and lower prevalence of interventions well supported by evidence.