bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fe2‐xMnxP Nanoparticles from Single‐Source Molecular Precursors.
Authors: Colson Adam C. , Whitmire Kenton H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe title nanoparticles (0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) are synthesized by injecting a dioctyl ether solution of FeMn(CO)8(μ‐PH2) into a 220 °C hot solution containing dioctyl ether, oleic acid, and hexadecylamine (2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Organocascade Intermolecular Iminium/Enamine Michael Addition on Enals.
Authors: Quintard Adrien , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA method for the preparation of chiral disulfones by three‐component domino reaction of aldehydes (I) with vinyl sulfone (II) and different nucleophiles is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Organic Ammonium Tribromide‐Mediated Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides with Alcohols, Water, Acetic Anhydride, and Amines under Solvent‐Free Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Singhal Sweety , Jain Suman L. , Sain Bir 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe organic ammonium tribromide MPHT is found to be an efficient catalyst for the regioselective ring opening of epoxides (I) with various nucleophiles under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Formation of N‐Fluoroalkaneacyl Anilides from the Reactions of Fluoroalkanesulfonyl Azides with Nitrobenzene and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Xiong Wan‐ting , Zhao Jing‐wei , Gu Ji‐wei , Zhu Shizheng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe thermolysis reaction of fluoroalkanesulfonyl azides with nitrobenzenes bearing an electron‐withdrawing group such as ‐CF3 or ‐F gives unexpectedly acyl anilides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoseletive Construction of 7‐Methylenebicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐3‐en‐2‐one Derivatives by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Propargylic Acetates with 2‐Oxocyclohex‐3‐enecarboxylates.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Sugimura Chiyuki , Shishido Kozo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reaction tolerates a wide range or aromatic and aliphatic substituents in the propargylic substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: New, Efficient Synthesis of α‐Chloroketones Using SiCl4/Urea—Hydrogen Peroxide or SiCl4/Iodosylbenzene Reagent Systems.
Authors: El‐Ahl Abdel Aziz S. , Elbeheery Akram H. , Amer Fathy A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of α‐chloroketones is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Nitrile Aldolization/Hydration Operation Giving β‐Hydroxy Carboxamides.
Authors: Goto Akihiro , Naka Hiroshi , Noyori Ryoji , Saito Susumu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA variety of aromatic and aliphatic β‐hydroxy carboxamides is smoothly prepared by aldol reaction of aldehydes with simple nitriles and subsequent hydration of the nitrile functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: Basic Ionic Liquid as Catalyst for the Efficient and Green Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐nitrobenzonitriles in Ethanol.
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Ding Kai , Su Weike 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA basic ionic liquid catalyzes efficiently direct cyclocondensation of vinylmalononitriles (I) and nitroolefins (II) as well as Knoevenagel condensation between ketones (IV) and malononitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: Bimetallic System for the Synthesis of Diorganyl Selenides and Sulfides, Chiral β‐Seleno Amines, and Seleno‐ and Thioesters.
Authors: Gul Kashif , Narayanaperumal Senthil , Dornelles Luciano , Rodrigues Oscar E. D. , Braga Antonio Luiz 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSnCl2 under conditions A) efficiently cleaves diaryl dichalcogenides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Aryl Triflones Through Self‐Promoting Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Yanai Hikaru , Fujita Masaya , Taguchi Takeo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA variety of gem‐bis(triflyl)cyclohexenes is readily obtained by a three‐component reaction of sulfone (I) with dienes (II) and aldehydes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Ethers: A New Route to Tolterodine.
Authors: Arava Veera Reddy , Bandatmakuru Sreenivasula Reddy , Malreddy Sashibhushan , Golla Narayanaswamy 
Published: October 2011

Abstract(R)‐Tolterodine is a competitive muscarine receptor antagonist and is widely used for the treatment of bladder disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reagent, Manganese Dioxide Supported on Kieselguhr, for Effective Oxidation of Benzoins.
Authors: Huang Li‐Hong , Wang Qiang , Ma Yi‐Chun , Lou Ji‐Dong , Zhang Changhe 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe new reagent can be stored in a dark brown vacuum dryer without loss of activity for 3 months.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and New Method for the Synthesis of β‐Acetamido Ketones on a Solid Surface.
Authors: Gholivand Khodayar , Jafari Hadi , Adibi Hadi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVarious β‐acetamido ketones are obtained by a one‐pot reaction of aryl aldehydes, enolizable ketones, acetyl chloride, and acetonitrile in a solvent‐free medium using borax‐supported POCl3 as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Some New Indene Derivatives by Thermal Isomerization of Iminolactones.
Authors: Zonouzi A. , Rahmani H. , Kamali A. , Biniaz M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA ring opening—ring closure mechanism is suggested for the thermal isomerization of isolable iminolactones, e.g. (V), to indenes of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Route to 9‐Fluorenylidenes by Domino Suzuki/Heck Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Paul Sunanda , Gorai Tumpa , Koley Arijit , Ray Jayanta K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Suzuki coupling of bromoarenes such as (I) or related brominated dienyl esters with boronic acid (II) is followed by an intramolecular Heck reaction to yield various types of target structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Spirocyclic Oxindole‐Butenolides by Using Three‐Component Cycloadditions of Isocyanides, Allenoates, and Isatins.
Authors: Li Jian , Liu Yuejin , Li Chunju , Jia Xueshun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient and atom‐economic synthesis of spirocyclic oxindole‐butenolides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Benzofuran Derivatives.
Authors: Jiang Xizhen , Liu Wenlu , Zhang Wei , Jiang Faqin , Gao Zhe , Zhuang Hao , Fu Lei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThirteen new compounds with different aryl substituents at C‐3 are prepared via a Sonogashira coupling, an intramolecular cyclization, and a Friedel‐Crafts reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Furans by a Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization—Indole Addition Reaction.
Authors: Rauniyar Vivek , Wang Z. Jane , Burks Heather E. , Toste F. Dean 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA chiral BINOL‐derived Cu(II) phosphate is successfully applied as catalyst in the asymmetric cycloisomerization—indole addition of α‐alkynylcyclohexenones (I) and (IV) to give indolyl‐substituted tetrahydrobenzofurans in good yields and stereoselectivities (up to 94% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Applications of Nano β‐PbO in Paal—Knorr Reaction.
Authors: Pasha Sk. Khadeer , Satyanarayana V. S. V. , Sivakumar A. , Chidambaram K. , Kennedy L. John 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNano lead oxide is found to be an efficient recyclable catalyst for the condensation of 2,5‐hexandione with primary amines to yield pyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Indole via Aliphatic C—H Bond Activation of Tertiary Amine.
Authors: Ramachandiran K. , Muralidharan D. , Perumal P. T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA novel oxidative coupling of indoles with tertiary alkyl amines is developed resulting in the formation of 1,1‐bis‐indolylalkanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective and Enantioselective Oxidation of Indoles Employing Aspartyl Peptide Catalysts.
Authors: Kolundzic Filip , Noshi Mohammad N. , Tjandra Meiliana , Movassaghi Mohammad , Miller Scott J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA striking “matched” double asymmetric induction is observed when enantioenriched 2‐arylindoles such as (I) are oxidized in the presence of a peptide‐catalyst and a coupling agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Bromo‐2‐arylindoles Using 2‐Iodobenzoic Acid as Precursor.
Authors: Valois‐Escamilla Ismael , Alvarez‐Hernandez Alejandro , Rangel‐Ramos Luis Felipe , Suarez‐Castillo Oscar Rodolfo , Ayala‐Mata Francisco , Zepeda‐Vallejo Gerardo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSonogashira coupling of the carbamate (II) followed by Bu4NF‐promoted cyclization allows the preparation of pharmacologically interesting 2‐arylindoles bearing a bromine at C‐6 position.
ChemInform Abstract: Task‐Specific Ionic Liquid‐Catalyzed Efficient Couplings of Indoles with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds: An Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Alkenylated Indoles
Authors: Santra Sougata , Majee Adinath , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: October 2011

Abstractas biologically interesting derivatives
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles from Allenes in PEG‐400 as the Reaction Medium.
Authors: Pavan M. Phani , Swamy K. C. Kumara 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBase‐catalyzed domino cyclization of allenes with 2‐formylindoles affords the targets as single products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Some New Pyrazole Incorporated Imidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Vijesh A. M. , Isloor Arun M. , Telkar Sandeep , Peethambar S. K. , Rai Sankappa , Isloor Nishitha 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo series of imidazoles are prepared: i) reaction of thiosemicarbazones (I) with dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate (II) furnishes the imidazoles (III) in good yields; ii) trisubstituted imidazoles (VI) are obtained by refluxing diketones (IV) with pyrazolecarbaldehydes (V) and ammonium acetate via Debus reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous 1 M Glucose Solution as a Novel and Fully Green Reaction Medium and Catalyst for the Oxidant‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzimidazoles.
Authors: Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Aryan Reza , Ghaieni Hamid Reza 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe synthesis proceeds chemoselectively under oxidant‐free conditions without use of any toxic solvent or reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of 3‐Methyl‐4‐nitro‐5‐styrylisoxazoles with S‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Bruschi Simone , Moccia Maria , Adamo Mauro F. A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMichael addition of title compounds (I) with benzyl mercaptan (II) proceeds with good yields in the presence of piperidine.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 4‐Thiazolidinones Containing Indolin‐2‐one Moiety as Potential Antitumor Agent.
Authors: Wang Shuobing , Zhao Yanfang , Zhang Guogang , Lv Yingxiang , Zhang Ning , Gong Ping 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMost of the title compounds display moderate to excellent cytotoxic activities against one or more cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Monosubstituted Sydnones and Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Wu Chunrui , Li Pan , Fang Yuesi , Zhao Jingjing , Xue Weichao , Li Yang , Larock Richard C. , Shi Feng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe title reaction can be generally applied to substrates bearing substituted phenyl groups to produce the target compounds with moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Nanoparticles Catalyzed Chemoselective Knoevenagel Condensation of Meldrum′s Acid and Tandem Enol Lactonizations via Cascade Cyclization Sequence.
Authors: Khurana Jitender M. , Vij Kanika 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPolyethylene glycol stabilized Ni‐nanoparticles are highly efficient as catalyst for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Methyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one: Classic versus Microwave Conditions.
Authors: Florekova Lenka , Flasik Radoslav , Stankovicova Henrieta , Gaplovsky Anton 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDifferent methods for the multigram synthesis of title compound (III) are compared.
ChemInform Abstract: The Efficient Synthesis of 14‐Alkyl or Aryl 14H‐Dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes Catalyzed by Bismuth(III) Chloride under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Soleimani Ebrahim , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Koshvandi Afsaneh Taheri Kal 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOptimized conditions allow the condensation of 2‐naphthol and aldehydes to afford the biologically interesting title compounds in high yields and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Convenient Approach for Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives and Studies on Aza‐Cope Rearrangement.
Authors: Lingam V. S. Prasada Rao , Thomas Abraham , Mukkanti Khagga , Gopalan Balasubramanian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTetrahydroquinoline derivatives (II), lilolidines (IV), and julolidines (VI) are obtained by a polyphosphoric acid‐assisted cyclization reaction of corresponding N‐aryl allylanilines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some Quinoline Derivatives as Potential Cognition Enhancers.
Authors: Piplani Poonam , Rani Anita , Saihgal Ruchika , Sharma Meenakshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe 6‐aminoquinoline derivative (Ia) shows maximal % retention in the elevated plus maze test and maximal % inhibition ofAChE on biochemical evaluation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,4‐Diaryl Chromenopyridines and Evaluation of Their Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitory Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Structure—Activity Relationship.
Authors: Lee Eung‐Seok , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwentythree chromenopyridines, substituted at the 2‐ and 4‐position with 5‐or 6‐membered heteroaromatics, are synthesized by treatment of pyridinium iodide salts (III) with chromanones (IV) utilizing a modified Kroehnke synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Antiproliferative Activity of New 1H‐Pyrrolo[3,2‐c]pyridine Derivatives Against Melanoma Cell Lines.
Authors: El‐Gamal Mohammed I. , Jung Myung‐Ho , Lee Woong San , Sim Taebo , Yoo Kyung Ho , Oh Chang‐Hyun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDiarylureas and diarylamides having a pyrrolopyridine scaffold are synthesized involving a nucleophilic displacement of the 4‐chloro group of azaindole (I) by the aromatic amino group and a subsequent rearrangement of the resulting secondary amine to afford the key intermediates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity Study of Two New Dihydroisoquinoline‐Derived Oxaziridines.
Authors: Kammoun Majed , Ben Salah Hassen , Damak Mohamed 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo new dihydroisoquinoline‐derived oxaziridines (II) are synthesized and applied as new oxidizing reagents for sulfides.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 9H‐Indolo[3,2‐c]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines, 1H‐Dipyrazolo[1,5‐a:4′,3′‐c]quinolines and 1H‐Imidazo[4,5‐c]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines: Three New Heterocyclic Systems.
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Wang Ren , Shi Zongjun , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot synthesis of different heterocyclic systems (II), (IV) and (VI) is developed through photooxidative cyclization of the appropriate precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the Facile Synthesis of 2‐Substituted‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Zeng , Wang Xiao Ning , Tan Jia Heng , Gu Lian Quan , Hung Zhi Shu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA simple protocol allows the condensation of 2‐aminobenzamides with orthoesters (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Quinoxaline Derivatives as Anticonvulsant Agents.
Authors: Elhelby Abdelghany Aly , Ayyad Rezk Rezk , Zayed Mohamed Fathalla 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCompounds (Ia) and (Ib) show the highest anticonvulsant effect with anticonvulsant potency relative to phenobarbital sodium of 0.8 and 0.75, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Impact of Substituents on the Isatin Ring on the Reaction Between Isatins with ortho‐Phenylenediamine.
Authors: Dowlatabadi Reza , Khalaj Ali , Rahimian Sima , Montazeri Maedeh , Amini Mohsen , Shahverdi Ahmadreza , Mahjub Elham 
Published: October 2011

AbstractElectron‐donating substituents shift the reaction towards classical ring closure, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Simple Synthesis of Ring C Aromatic Diterpenes: Synthesis of (+)‐13‐Hydroxypodocarpa‐8,11,13‐triene (IV) and (+)‐7‐Deoxynimbidiol (VIII)
Authors: Villamizar Jose E. , Gamez Carlos , Alcala Antonio , Salazar Franklin , Tropper Eleonora , Angarita Ana , Canudas Nieves 
Published: October 2011

Abstractstarting from (+)‐manool (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of cis‐ and trans‐3‐Aminocyclobutanecarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Radchenko Dmytro S. , Tkachenko Anton , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Komarov Igor V. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe high efficiency of the title synthesis permits a multigram preparation of the amino acids (VII) and (VIII) which are the simplest cyclic conformationally restricted γ‐aminobutyric acid analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Thiodidehydropyranylcytosine Derivatives as Potential anti‐HIV Agents.
Authors: Yoshimura Yuichi , Yamazaki Yoshiko , Saito Yukako , Natori Yoshihiro , Imamichi Tomozumi , Takahata Hiroki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThiopyranonucleoside derivative (VII) is synthesized via construction of the dihydrothiopyran skeleton by ring closing metathesis of (I) and a Pummerer‐type thioglycosylation reaction of sulfoxide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis and Characterization of Well‐Defined Core—Shell Structure of FePt@CdSe Nanoparticles.
Authors: Trinh Thuy T. , Mott Derrick , Thanh Nguyen T. K. , Maenosono Shinya 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMagnetic fluorescent FePt@CdSe core—shell nanoparticles are prepared from mixtures of Fe3(CO)12 and Pt(acac)2 in tetraethylene glycol in the presence of oleic acid and oleylamine at 240 °C for 2 h under an Ar atmosphere, followed by addition of a Cd(OAc)2 solution in trioctylphosphine (200 °C, 30 min), and addition of Se powder dissolved in trioctylphosphine (240—300 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization and Properties of Novel Gallium‐Doped Calcium Phosphate Ceramics.
Authors: Mellier Charlotte , Fayon Franck , Schnitzler Verena , Deniard Philippe , Allix Mathieu , Quillard Sophie , Massiot Dominique , Bouler Jean‐Michel , Bujoli Bruno , Janvier Pascal 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCa10.5‐1.5xGax(PO4)7 (x = 0—0.75) ceramics are prepared by sintering a mixture of CaHPO4, CaCO3, and Ga2O3 (1000 °C, 24 h) and by calcination of calcium‐deficient apatites prepared by precipitation from aqueous solutions of Ga(NO3)3, Ca(NO3)2, and (NH4)2HPO4 (1000 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Interaction at the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter‐2 of Lobeline Analogues: Potential Pharmacotherapies for the Treatment of Psychostimulant Abuse
Authors: Crooks Peter A. , Zheng Guangrong , Vartak Ashish P. , Culver John P. , Zheng Fang , Horton David B. , Dwoskin Linda P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReview: 108 refs.
Plasma‐assisted MBE growth of GaN on Si(111) substrates
Authors: Sobanska M. , Klosek K. , Zytkiewicz Z. R. , Borysiuk J. , Witkowski B. S. , Lusakowska E. , Reszka A. , Jakiela R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this work we present details of growth of GaN epitaxial layers on Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with the use of RF nitrogen plasma source. We focus on preparation of silicon substrate before the growth, on procedure of AlN buffer growth initiation (aluminum or nitrogen first) and on influence of III/N ratio on structural properties of the layers. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Confocal laser scanning microscopy for the study of the morphological changes of the postextraction sites
Authors: García‐Herraiz Ariadna , Leiva‐García Rafael , Cañigral‐Ortiz Aránzazu , Silvestre Francisco Javier , García‐Antón José 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA better understanding of the remodeling process of postextraction sockets is essential in dental treatment planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) can be applied to imaging contour changes of postextraction sites, as well as to its quantification with image analysis of obtained three‐dimensional images. This work describes a new application of the CLSM technique. The system used was the OLS3100‐USS, LEXT model (Olympus®). CLSM was used for the surface analysis of the extraction site. The measurements taken with CLSM were: (1) mesio‐distal distance, (2) alveolar ridge thickness, and (3) vestibular and lingual alveolar ridge height. Results of study cast scanning at baseline, 1 and 3 months after tooth extraction, with CLSM are well‐detailed images of postextraction areas. The CLSM technique used in study casts is a valid method to measure the dimensional changes that happen in the edentulous area after tooth extraction. This technique allows the evaluation of changes in mesio‐distal distance, thickness of the alveolar ridge and alveolar ridge height based on the measurements on the alveolar contours. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absorption and engulfing transitions in nanoparticle infiltration into a polymer brush: A monte carlo simulation
Authors: Chen Yantao , Chen Jeff Z. Y. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe study the structure of an infiltrating hard spherical nanoparticle into a polymer brush using extensive off‐lattice Monte Carlo simulations of a basic theoretical model. We show that as long as the spherical particle is coated with a surface layer that interacts attractively with brush monomers, it can penetrate deeply into a dense polymer brush near the grafting surface. The infiltration process contains two stages: diffusing nanoparticle absorbing onto the surface of the polymer brush and engulfing of the nanoparticle by polymer chains. After the nanoparticle fully immerses in the dense polymer brush region, the buoyant forces levels off because of symmetric repulsions that endows increasing nanoparticle mobility and encourages the second transition. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
One‐pot synthesis of polymer/inorganic hybrids: toward readily accessible, low‐loss, and highly tunable refractive index materials and patterns
Authors: Russo Manuela , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano , Lacharmoise Paul , Ferenczi Toby A. M. , Garriga Miquel , Caseri Walter R. , Stingelin Natalie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe realization that modulated light pulses can be transported in a confined fashion over long distances within a structure that comprises a controlled spatial distribution of the refractive index n—as in optical fibres and waveguides—has, without doubt, underpinned the telecommunications revolution witnessed during the 20th century. The refractive index n, quantifying how light propagates in a given medium, as a consequence, has become one of the most important materials properties in designing photonics products. The other key characteristic for most optical and photonic applications is the amount of light that is absorbed by a material, expressed as the extinction coefficient κ. Although a range of organic/inorganic hybrid materials have been advanced with tunable refractive index, only a few systems combine a high n, sufficiently low κ and straightforward sample preparation to allow simple fabrication of highly transparent, low‐loss structures. Here, we present a hybrid material that can be readily produced in water via a one‐pot synthesis directly from commercially available, low‐cost precursors. Moreover, our hybrid material can be solution‐processed, yielding systems of an extinction coefficient <0.01, and a refractive index, which can be controlled to adopt values between 1.5 to at least 2.1. Unprecedentedly, simple post‐deposition procedures such as thermal annealing or irradiation with high‐intensity UV‐light allow adjusting n also after film fabrication, offering an exceptional degree of freedom in designing and tailoring also more complex photonic architectures or planar wave‐guides, for example, through creation of in‐plane refractive index patterns. As a proof‐of‐concept, we demonstrate fabrication of waveguides based on local heating. The versatility of our materials is further illustrated by the production of lenses and dielectric filters of ∼100% reflectivity in a given wavelength regime. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 000: 000–000, 2011