bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Effects of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Goodwin Pamela J. , Ennis Marguerite , Pritchard Kathleen I. , Koo Jarley , Hood Nicky 
Published: May 2009

Purpose Vitamin D has been linked to breast cancer risk, but prognostic effects are unknown. Such effects are biologically plausible given the presence of vitamin D receptors in breast cancer cells, which act as nuclear transcription factors to regulate gene activity. Patients and Methods The study was conducted in a prospective inception cohort of 512 women with early breast cancer diagnosed 1989 to 1996. Vitamin D levels were measured in stored blood. Clinical, pathologic, and dietary data were accessed to examine prognostic effects of vitamin D. Results Mean age was 50.4 years, mean vitamin D was 58.1 ± 23.4 nmol/L. Vitamin D levels were deficient (< 50 nmol/L) in 37.5% of patients, insufficient (50 to 72 nmol/L) in 38.5% of patients, and sufficient (> 72 nmol/L) in 24.0% of patients. There was little variation in mean vitamin D levels between summer and winter months. Mean follow-up was 11.6 years; 116 women had distant recurrences, and 106 women died. Women with deficient vitamin D levels had an increased risk of distant recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.25) and death (HR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.86) compared with those with sufficient levels. The association remained after individual adjustment for key tumor and treatment related factors but was attenuated in multivariate analyses (HR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.86 for distant recurrence; HR = 1.60; 95% CI, 0.96 to 2.64 for death). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with poor outcomes in breast cancer.
Phase II Study of Sorafenib in Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Sarcomas
Authors: Maki Robert G. , D'Adamo David R. , Keohan Mary L. , Saulle Michael , Schuetze Scott M. , Undevia Samir D. , Livingston Michael B. , Cooney Matthew M. , Hensley Martee L. , Mita Monica M. , Takimoto Chris H. , Kraft Andrew S. , Elias Anthony D. , Brockstein Bruce , Blachère Nathalie E. , Edgar Mark A. , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Qin Li-Xuan , Antonescu Cristina R. , Schwartz Gary K. 
Published: May 2009

Purpose Since activity of sorafenib was observed in sarcoma patients in a phase I study, we performed a multicenter phase II study of daily oral sorafenib in patients with recurrent or metastatic sarcoma. Patients and Methods We employed a multiarm study design, each representing a sarcoma subtype with its own Simon optimal two-stage design. In each arm, 12 patients who received 0 to 1 prior lines of therapy were treated (0 to 3 for angiosarcoma and malignant peripheral-nerve sheath tumor). If at least one Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) was observed, 25 further patients with that sarcoma subtype were accrued. Results Between October 2005 and November 2007, 145 patients were treated; 144 were eligible for toxicity and 122 for response. Median age was 55 years; female-male ratio was 1.8:1. The median number of cycles was 3. Five of 37 patients with angiosarcoma had a partial response (response rate, 14%). This was the only arm to meet the RECIST response rate primary end point. Median progression-free survival was 3.2 months; median overall survival was 14.3 months. Adverse events (typically dermatological) necessitated dose reduction for 61% of patients. Statistical modeling in this limited patient cohort indicated sorafenib toxicity was correlated inversely to patient height. There was no correlation between phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase expression and response in six patients with angiosarcoma with paired pre- and post-therapy biopsies. Conclusion As a single agent, sorafenib has activity against angiosarcoma and minimal activity against other sarcomas. Further evaluation of sorafenib in these and possibly other sarcoma subtypes appears warranted, presumably in combination with cytotoxic or kinase-specific agents.
Improved Overall Survival With Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin As Adjuvant Treatment in Stage II or III Colon Cancer in the MOSAIC Trial
Authors: André Thierry , Boni Corrado , Navarro Matilde , Tabernero Josep , Hickish Tamas , Topham Clare , Bonetti Andrea , Clingan Philip , Bridgewater John , Rivera Fernando , de Gramont Aimery 
Published: May 2009

Purpose Three-year disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly improved in patients who had undergone resection with curative intent for stage II or III colon cancer who received bolus plus continuous-infusion fluorouracil plus leucovorin (LV5FU2) with the addition of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4). Final results of the study, including 6-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year updated DFS, are reported. Patients and Methods A total of 2,246 patients were randomly assigned to receive LV5FU2 or FOLFOX4 for 6 months. The primary end point was DFS. Secondary end points were OS and safety. Results Five-year DFS rates were 73.3% and 67.4% in the FOLFOX4 and LV5FU2 groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.93; P = .003). Six-year OS rates were 78.5% and 76.0% in the FOLFOX4 and LV5FU2 groups, respectively (HR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.00; P = .046); corresponding 6-year OS rates for patients with stage III disease were 72.9% and 68.7%, respectively (HR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.97; P = .023). No difference in OS was seen in the stage II population. The incidence of second noncolorectal cancers was 5.5% and 6.1% in the FOLFOX4 and LV5FU2 groups, respectively. Among patients receiving oxaliplatin, the frequency of grade 3 peripheral sensory neuropathy was 1.3% 12 months after treatment and 0.7% at 48 months. Conclusion Adding oxaliplatin to LV5FU2 significantly improved 5-year DFS and 6-year OS in the adjuvant treatment of stage II or III colon cancer and should be considered after surgery for patients with stage III disease.
Phase II Trial of Ixabepilone As Second-Line Treatment in Advanced Endometrial Cancer: Gynecologic Oncology Group Trial 129-P
Authors: Dizon Don S. , Blessing John A. , McMeekin D. Scott , Sharma Sudarshan K. , DiSilvestro Paul , Alvarez Ronald D. 
Published: May 2009

Purpose A phase II study was conducted to determine the response rate of ixabepilone (BMS-247550, National Cancer Institute (NCI)–supplied agent investigational new drug No. 59,699) in patients with persistent or recurrent endometrial cancer who have progressed despite standard therapy. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer and measurable disease. One prior chemotherapeutic regimen, which could have included either paclitaxel or docetaxel, was allowed. Patients received ixabepilone 40 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Treatment was continued until disease progression or until unacceptable toxicity occurred. Results Fifty-two patients were entered on the study, and 50 of these were eligible. The median age was 64 years (range, 40 to 83 years). Prior treatment included radiation in 21 patients (42%) and hormonal therapy in eight patients (16%). All patients had prior chemotherapy, and 47 (94%) received prior paclitaxel therapy. The overall response rate was 12%; one patient achieved a complete remission (2%), and five achieved partial remission (10%). Stable disease for at least 8 weeks was noted in 30 patients (60%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.9 months, and the 6-month PFS was 20%. Major grade 3 toxicities were neutropenia (52%), leukopenia (48%), gastrointestinal (24%), neurologic (18%), constitutional (20%), infection (16%), and anemia (14%). Conclusion In a cohort of women with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer who were previously treated with paclitaxel, ixabepilone showed modest activity of limited duration as a second-line agent.
Efficacy of Melphalan and Prednisone Plus Thalidomide in Patients Older Than 75 Years With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: IFM 01/01 Trial
Authors: Hulin Cyrille , Facon Thierry , Rodon Philippe , Pegourie Brigitte , Benboubker Lotfi , Doyen Chantal , Dib Mamoun , Guillerm Gaelle , Salles Bruno , Eschard Jean-Paul , Lenain Pascal , Casassus Philippe , Azaïs Isabelle , Decaux Olivier , Garderet Laurent , Mathiot Claire , Fontan Jean , Lafon Ingrid , Virion Jean Marc , Moreau Philippe 
Published: May 2009

Purpose Until recently, melphalan and prednisone were the standards of care in elderly patients with multiple myeloma. The addition of thalidomide to this combination demonstrated a survival benefit for patients age 65 to 75 years. This randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trial investigated the efficacy of melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide in patients older than 75 years with newly diagnosed myeloma. Patients and Methods Between April 2002 and December 2006, 232 previously untreated patients with myeloma, age 75 years or older, were enrolled and 229 were randomly assigned to treatment. All patients received melphalan (0.2 mg/kg/d) plus prednisone (2 mg/kg/d) for 12 courses (day 1 to 4) every 6 weeks. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 100 mg/d of oral thalidomide (n = 113) or placebo (n = 116), continuously for 72 weeks. The primary end point was overall survival. Results After a median follow-up of 47.5 months, overall survival was significantly longer in patients who received melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide compared with those who received melphalan and prednisone plus placebo (median, 44.0 v 29.1 months; P = .028). Progression-free survival was significantly prolonged in the melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide group (median, 24.1 v 18.5 months; P = .001). Two adverse events were significantly increased in the melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide group: grade 2 to 4 peripheral neuropathy (20% v 5% in the melphalan and prednisone plus placebo group; P < .001) and grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (23% v 9%; P = .003). Conclusion This trial confirms the superiority of the combination melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide over melphalan and prednisone alone for prolonging survival in very elderly patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. Toxicity was acceptable.
Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Biweekly Infusional Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Alone or With Irinotecan in the Adjuvant Treatment of Stage III Colon Cancer: PETACC-3
Authors: Van Cutsem Eric , Labianca Roberto , Bodoky György , Barone Carlo , Aranda Enrique , Nordlinger Bernard , Topham Claire , Tabernero Josep , André Thierry , Sobrero Alberto F. , Mini Enrico , Greil Richard , Di Costanzo Francesco , Collette Laurence , Cisar Laura , Zhang Xiaoxi , Khayat David , Bokemeyer Carsten , Roth Arnaud D. , Cunningham David 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe primary objective of this randomized, multicenter, phase III trial was to investigate whether the addition of irinotecan to the de Gramont infusional fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) adjuvant regimen (LV5FU2) would improve disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage III colon cancer.Patients and MethodsAfter curatively intentioned surgery, patients with stage II and III colon cancer were randomly allocated surgery to receive LV5FU2 (LV 200 mg/m2as a 2-hour infusion, followed by FU; as a 400 mg/m2bolus and then a 600 mg/m2continuous infusion over 22 hours, days 1 and 2, every 2 weeks for 12 cycles: de Gramont regimen) with or without irinotecan (180 mg/m2as a 30- to 90-minute infusion, day 1, every 2 weeks). In total, 260 (7.9%) of 3,278 patients received an alternative high-dose infusional FU/LV regimen (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internische Onkologie regimen) with or without irinotecan.ResultsThe principal efficacy analysis was based on 2,094 treated patients with stage III disease, randomly allocated in the LV5FU2 strata. After a median follow-up of 66.3 months, the 5-year DFS rate was 56.7% with irinotecan/LV5FU2 and 54.3% with LV5FU2 alone (primary end point: log-rank P = .106). Combining irinotecan with LV5FU2 did not significantly improve overall survival in this patient group compared with LV5FU2 alone (5-year rate 73.6% v 71.3%, respectively; log-rank P = .094). The addition of irinotecan to LV5FU2 was associated with an increased incidence of grade 3 to 4 GI events and neutropenia.ConclusionIrinotecan added to LV5FU2 as adjuvant therapy did not confer a statistically significant improvement in DFS or overall survival in patients with stage III colon cancer compared with LV5FU2 alone.
Optimised Scaling (OS-2) Regression Applied to near Infrared Diffuse Spectroscopy Data from Food Products
Authors: Isaksson Tomas , Wang Ziyi , Kowalski Bruce 
Published: May 2009

A recently presented calibration method, called optimised scaling (OS-2) was tested and compared to multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and principal component regression (PCR). The predictive ability of these regression methods was tested on eight data sets consisting of diffuse near infrared (NIR) reflectance and transmittance continuous spectra of meat, sausages, soya bean and designed sample sets. Calibration was performed for constituents such as fat, protein, water, carbohydrate, temperature, lactate and glucose. A total of 21 calibration models were validated and compared. OS-2 gave good or promising prediction results for the major constituents with large variation, such as prediction of fat in two of the studied meat sample sets. OS-2 gave poorer prediction results of minor constituents compared to MSC or first derivatives of the data and PCR.
Qualification of Solid Raw Materials Using near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Cinier Regis , Guilment Jean 
Published: May 2009

In order to get a final product which always has the same properties, it is very important to understand and control the manufacturing process but it also implies that the starting materials must be perfect. Perfection does not exist and so it is necessary to determine the purity of the material or to be sure it is always the same from batch to batch. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is known for its good ability to identify compounds as it is mentioned in a lot of publications. For the quantification of solids, the problem becomes harder involving reference techniques which are very often less precise and accurate than NIR measurement. However, in the case of moisture, gravimetric technique is sufficiently precise to get a good calibration. The main advantage of the quantification is the power of the methods to predict the results ‘you want to have’. Its drawback is that when a parameter not included in the calibration set is modified, it may have an impact on the global evaluation. Another approach for raw materials is the qualification combining both the identification technique and send quantitative information. Qualification is based on the construction of clusters in a multidimensional space assuming that we use a number of different batches representative of the whole required variability to be measured. These different approaches will be illustrated with examples of compounds used in the photographic industry.
A Calibration Tutorial for Spectral Data. Part 2. Partial Least Squares Regression Using Matlab and Some Neural Network Results
Authors: Geladi Paul , Martens Harald , Hadjiiski Lubomir , Hopke Philip 
Published: May 2009

Part 1 explained multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), the building of a principal component regression (PCR) model and how the test data can be used in prediction. Emphasis was on data pretreatment for linearistion and on spectral/chemical interpretation of the results. Part 2 discusses partial least squares (PLS or PLSR) regression. The data set prepared in Part 1 is also used here. Details on data pretreatment are, therefore, not repeated. Some details of PLS modeling are explained using the calculations of the example. Also, the interpretation of the PLS model gets some attention. Neural network calculation results are included for comparison. Artifical neural networks (ANN) are non-linear, so linearisation is not considered necessary. Latent variable regression methods such as PLS and PCR and ANNs are all successive approximations to the unknown function y = f(x) that forms the basis of all calibration methods. In latent variable regression, the rank of the model determines the degree of approximation. In ANNs, the number of hidden nodes and the number of iterations determine the degree of approximation.
Vulnerabilities to deliberate self‐harm among adolescents: The role of alexithymia and victimization
Authors: Garisch Jessica Anne , Wilson Marc Stewart 
Published: May 2009

Objectives. This study investigates vulnerabilities to deliberate self‐harm (DSH) among adolescents, specifically focusing on peer victimisation and alexithymia.Design. Correlational survey design.Methods. Three hundred and twenty‐five secondary school students completed self‐report questionnaires asking their history of DSH and bullying, and scales assessing alexithymia and depression.Results. Self‐harming adolescents reported more victimization and alexithymic symptomology than participants who had never engaged in DSH. Alexithymia moderated, and partially mediated, the relationship between bullying and DSH. Bullying and DSH significantly co‐varied when participants' alexithymia was moderate or high, but not when participants' alexithymia was low. The relationship between alexithymia and DSH was fully mediated by depression. The relationship between bullying and DSH was also moderated by depression. Depression moderated the relationship between alexithymia and DSH.Conclusions. The findings suggest stressors in the social environment (e.g. bullying) are more likely to facilitate DSH when an adolescent has poor emotion regulation and communication skills and when an individual is experiencing mood difficulties.
Skeletal Benefits After Long-Term Retirement in Former Elite Female Gymnasts
Authors: Eser Prisca , Hill Briony , Ducher Gaele , Bass Shona 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Bone strength benefits after long-term retirement from elite gymnastics in terms of bone geometry and volumetric BMD were studied by comparing retired female gymnasts to moderately active age-matched women. In a cross-sectional study, 30 retired female gymnasts were compared with 30 age-matched moderately active controls. Bone geometric and densitometric parameters were measured by pQCT at the distal epiphyses and shafts of the tibia, femur, radius, and humerus. Muscle cross-sectional areas were assessed from the shaft scans. Independent t-tests were conducted on bone and muscle variables to detect differences between the two groups. The gymnasts had retired for a mean of 6.1 ± 0.4 yr and were engaged in ≤2 h of exercise per week since retirement. At the radial and humeral shafts, cortical cross-sectional area (CSA), total CSA, BMC, and strength strain index (SSIpol) were significantly greater (13–38%, p ≤ 0.01) in the retired gymnasts; likewise, BMC and total CSA were significantly greater at the distal radius (22–25%, p ≤ 0.0001). In the lower limbs, total CSA and BMC at the femur and tibia shaft were greater by 8–11%, and trabecular BMD and BMC were only greater at the tibia (7–8%). Muscle CSA at the forearm and upper arm was greater by 15–17.6% (p ≤ 0.001) but was not different at the upper and lower leg. Past gymnastics training is associated with greater bone mass and bone size in women 6 yr after retirement. Skeletal benefits were site specific, with greater geometric adaptations (greater bone size) in the upper compared with the lower limbs.
Correlates of Trabecular and Cortical Volumetric BMD in Men of African Ancestry
Authors: Sheu Yahtyng , Cauley Jane A , Bunker Clareann H , Wheeler Victor W , Patrick Alan L , Gordon Christopher L , Kammerer Candace M , Zmuda Joseph M 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
QCT provides a measure of volumetric BMD (vBMD) and distinguishes trabecular from cortical bone. Few studies have determined the factors related to vBMD in men, especially among men of African heritage. This study evaluated the relationship of anthropometric, medical, and behavioral factors and vBMD in a population-based cohort of men of African ancestry (n = 1901) ≥40 yr of age who had undergone screening for prostate cancer for the first time. Trabecular and cortical vBMD were measured at the radius and tibia by pQCT. Multiple linear regression analysis identified age, height, body weight, cigarette smoking, history of diabetes, fracture, and prostate cancer as the independent correlates of vBMD. However, associations with several variables differed between cortical and trabecular vBMD and between the radius and tibia. Longitudinal studies are needed to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these differential associations that may show new insight into the etiology of trabecular and cortical bone loss in men.
Interindividual Variation in Functionally Adapted Trait Sets Is Established During Postnatal Growth and Predictable Based on Bone Robustness
Authors: Pandey Nirnimesh , Bhola Siddharth , Goldstone Andrew , Chen Fred , Chrzanowski Jessica , Terranova Carl J , Ghillani Richard , Jepsen Karl J 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Adults acquire unique sets of morphological and tissue-quality bone traits that are predictable based on robustness and deterministic of strength and fragility. How and when individual trait sets arise during growth has not been established. Longitudinal structural changes of the metacarpal diaphysis were measured for boys and girls from 3 mo to 8 yr of age using hand radiographs obtained from the Bolton-Brush collection. Robustness varied ∼2-fold among boys and girls, and individual values were established by 2 yr of age, indicating that genetic and environmental factors controlling the relationship between growth in width and growth in length were established early during postnatal growth. Significant negative correlations between robustness and relative cortical area and a significant positive correlation between robustness and a novel measure capturing the efficiency of growth indicated that coordination of the subperiosteal and endocortical surfaces was responsible for this population acquiring a narrow range of trait sets that was predictable based on robustness. Boys and girls with robust diaphyses had proportionally thinner cortices to minimize mass, whereas children with slender diaphyses had proportionally thicker cortices to maximize stiffness. Girls had more slender metacarpals with proportionally thicker cortices compared with boys at all prepubertal ages. Although postnatal growth patterns varied in fundamentally different ways with sex and robustness, the dependence of trait sets on robustness indicated that children sustained variants affecting subperiosteal growth because they shared a common biological factor regulating functional adaptation. Considering the natural variation in acquired trait sets may help identify determinants of fracture risk, because age-related bone loss and gain will affect slender and robust structures differently.