bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE USE ON SPIDERS (ARANEAE) IN QUEBEC APPLE ORCHARDS
Authors: Bostanian Noubar J. , Dondale Charles D. , Binns Michael R. , Pitre Donat 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn Quebec commercial apple orchards, spider populations are shown to have been depressed numerically by current pest management practices. Hunting species appeared to be more sensitive to insecticides than web-building species. There were large differences in spider distribution among orchards and years, although some consistent patterns were observed. Specimens from the following families were captured: Theridiidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Araneidae, Erigonidae, Clubionidae, Tetragnathidae, Dictynidae, Salticidae, Philodromidae, and Thomisidae. In orchards treated only for scab control or with only a single insecticide application for apple maggot control, spiders attained their maximal numbers in August. With two treatments for apple maggot control, spiders attained their maximal numbers towards the end of September.
A STRAIN OF FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER, ARCHIPS ARGYROSPILUS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), TOLERANT TO AZINPHOS-METHYL IN AN APPLE ORCHARD REGION OF THE OKANAGAN VALLEY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Vakenti J. M. , Campbell C. J. , Madsen H. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractProbit analysis of the dosage response of first instar, fruittree leafroller larvae to azinphos-methyl indicated that a strain from a commercial orchard in East Kelowna, B.C. was 7.8 times more tolerant than a susceptible strain. Azinphos-methyl applied to experimental apple blocks in the same area did not provide satisfactory control. Leafroller damage as high as 10.5% was found in several orchards which had received multiple azinphos-methyl and other organophosphorous insecticide treatments. The development of an organophosphorous resistant strain of fruittree leafroller in this orchard area is strongly suggested. Bacillus thuringiensis applied at the pink stage of apple blossom development gave adequate control of fruittree leafroller in East Kelowna field trials and will be suggested as the control material for commercial orchards in this area.
COMPARISON OF TUMBLERS USED TO REMOVE DEBRIS FROM CELLS OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)
Authors: Richards K. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTumblers used to remove debris-feeding insects, predators of the leafcutter bee, excess leaf pieces, debris, and plant foliar molds from cells of the alfalfa leafcutter bee were compared. A hand-cranked tumbler removed significantly more material than did five motor-driven tumblers. It also removed more debris as the initial sample weight increased.
A BIOASSAY APPARATUS FOR THE EVALUATION OF BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) LARVICIDES
Authors: Rodrigues C. S. , Kaushik N. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA bioassay apparatus using an aquarium filter to maintain water flow and to minimize contamination with black fly larvicides was developed. The apparatus is fairly compact, provides good visibility of and access to the test organisms and is assembled easily from materials readily available. It can be operated in a flow-through or a recirculation mode and can be used to assess pesticide effects on non-target stream invertebrates.
REDUCTION IN THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OÖGENESIS DUE TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF CHOLESTEROL IN THE LARVAL DIET OF THE STABLE FLY, STOMOXYS CALCITRANS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Chia Loo-Sar , Baxter James A. , Morrison Paul E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemale stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), from larvae reared on the standard CSMA (Chemical Specialties Manufacturing Association) medium required 5 days of blood feeding before producing their first batch of eggs. When the larval medium was supplemented with 1 or 2% cholesterol, resultant females were able to produce mature eggs after only 4 days of blood feeding. Females from larvae reared on the 2% cholesterol-supplemented medium had slight but significant precocious follicular growth at the time of emergence from the puparium. When blood feeding was restricted, the size at which follicular growth ceased was consistently higher in females fed the cholesterol-supplemented diets as compared with control females.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE CABBAGE APHID, BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AT VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA: I. SAMPLING METHODS AND POPULATION TRENDS
Authors: Raworth D. A. , Frazer B. D. , Gilbert N. , Wellington W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMaris Kestrel kale, Brassica oleracea L., was planted and sampled in two locations during 1977–78. The aphids Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer), syrphids in the genera Syrphus and Scaeva, the cecidomyiid Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rond.), the parasite Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh), and the fungus Entomophthora aphidis Hoffman were observed in the samples. A volumetric technique for assessing aphid numbers was developed and evaluated. Peak numbers of B. brassicae differed by an order of magnitude between plots, but the pattern of monotonic increase in the spring, followed by an abrupt decline in the rate of increase, a mid-summer peak, and an autumn population decline was consistent throughout. The first major decline in the rate of increase of B. brassicae was correlated with the appearance of A. aphidimyza and syrphid larvae. Declining adult aphid weight, which suggested declining fecundity, increased alate production at high aphid densities, parasite pressure, and leaf fall added to the damping effect of predators. In autumn, cool temperatures and production of sexuals further reduced the rate of increase of B. brassicae.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE CABBAGE APHID, BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AT VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA: III. DEVELOPMENT, FECUNDITY, AND MORPH DETERMINATION VS. APHID DENSITY AND PLANT QUALITY
Authors: Raworth D. A. , McFarlane S. , Gilbert N. , Frazer B. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDevelopmental time, fecundity, adult weight, numbers, and age distribution of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) and leaf area and plant quality of Maris Kestrel kale, Brassica oleracea L., were determined at three aphid densities and two watering rates in a factorial field-cage experiment. The watering treatment had no effect on the aphid or plant response variates. The aphid density treatment significantly affected final aphid numbers (low < medium = high density), leaf area (high < low = medium density), average adult weight measured at the end of the experiment (high < low < medium density), and weight of the adults in the developmental time measurement (high < low = medium density). The results suggested a strong aphid–plant interaction, but at densities which rarely occur in the field. Leaf water/dry weight was used to assess plant quality, but it was not a good predictor of any of the aphid response variates. Developmental time decreased, and fecundity increased as adult aphid weight increased. Production of fourth-instar apterae decreased logarithmically as aphid density increased.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE CABBAGE APHID, BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AT VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA: V. A SIMULATION MODEL
Authors: Raworth D. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA computer model was written to simulate the population dynamics of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), on the host Maris Kestrel kale, Brassica oleracea L., at Vancouver, British Columbia. The model incorporated the effects of temperature, morph determination, plant quality, predators, parasites, and leaf fall. Comparisons of simulated results with field observations indicated that although B. brassicae, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rond.), and Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) were reasonably well understood, syrphid predation was not, and appropriate feed-back mechanisms which could prevent monotonic increase or decrease in the simulated population were lacking. A detailed study in which the population dynamics of the prey is accounted for in terms of the numerical and functional responses of syrphid predators is necessary to understand the population dynamics of B. brassicae on Maris Kestrel kale at Vancouver. Comparisons with other aphid systems suggest that a major change in one component of the system can be compensated for by changes in other components. An overview of the cabbage aphid system at Vancouver is given.
LIFE HISTORY OF PLUTELLA PORRECTELLA, A RELATIVE OF THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE)
Authors: Smith D. B. , Sears M. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlthough Plutella porrectella (L.) is similar in appearance to the diamondback moth, P. xylostella (L.), several aspects of its biology are quite different from its more common relative. P. porrectella completed two generations per year and overwintered as an early-instar larva within apical buds of dame's rocket, Hesperis matronalis (L.). Four instars were observed in larvae reared in the laboratory. An average of 30 days was required for completion of one generation at 25 °C. This species does not seem to be an alternative host for parasites of the diamondback moth as only a single parasitic wasp, Itoplectis conquisitor (Say), was reared from 228 larvae collected in the field.
CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) FROM A BURNED SPRUCE FOREST (PICEA SPP.)
Authors: Holliday N. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn intense forest fire destroyed a spruce (Picea spp.) stand in Agassiz Provincial Forest, Manitoba in May 1981. From 1 week following the fire, throughout the summer of 1981 and of 1982, carabid beetles were collected by pitfall trapping and standardized searches at weekly intervals. In all, 241 beetles of 24 species were collected. Agonum obsoletum Say and A. quadripunctatum De Geer were found; both species are known to be attracted to fires. A. quadripunctatum reproduced in the site in 1981 but there is no evidence that it did so in 1982. A. obsoletum was found in the study site only during the first 3 weeks after the fire. Evidence is presented to show that Harpalus laticeps LeConte is a characteristic species of forests after fire.
The Stomodaeal Nervous System, Neurosecretion, and Related Endocrine and Nervous Structures in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Burgess L. , Rempel J. G. 
Published: December 2009

This exhibit represents some portions of a study of the stomodaeal nervous system, neurosecretory cells, corpora allata, corpora cardiaca, and prothoracic gland cells in post-embryonic stages of Aedes aegypti (L.), the yellow fever mosquito. Some of these structures share the common property of being involved in the production of hormones.Mosquitoes were reared under standard conditions. Larvae, pupae and adults were fixed at timed intervals in histological fixatives. Sectioned specimens were stained in Gomori's aldehyde-fuchsin, Gomori's chrome-haematoxyh-phloxin and other stains. The aldehyde-fuchsin technique, which imparted a bright purple colour to neurosecretory material, was particularly useful. Vita1 staining with methylene blue was used to trace the stomodaeal nervous system
Psylla pyricola Foerster Suppresses Pear Tree Root Development
Authors: Wilde W. H. A. , McIntosh D. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFoliage feeding by the pear psylla suppressed root development in seedlings of Pyrus communis, P. ussuriensis, and P. pyrifolia. Reduction in the size of the root system was greatest in seedlings with the heaviest infestations. Psyllid populations were established more readily on seedlings of P. communis than on the oriental seedlings of P. ussuriensis or P. pyrifolia.
Regularities in the Size and Orientation of Juniper Fragments Attached to the Cases of the Bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haw.)
Authors: Ghent A. W. , Larson Joan L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMeasurements and analyses of juniper fragments on bagworm cases reveal striking regularities that suggest the behavior that may produce them. Fragments are always attached at their extreme upper ends, and the great majority are oriented with their apical ends directed downwards towards the lower end of the bag. The proportion so oriented increases towards the cop of the bag, as does the average length of the fragments. Binomial analysis reveals no evidence of contagious orientation of adjacent fragments. It is suggested that the bagworm may not deliberately “decorate” its case, but that these fragments represent the remains of foliage anchored against the bag, so that the bagworm may feed with minimal exposure from its protecting case.
Density Dependence in Population Fluctuations
Authors: Watt Kenneth E. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis author and others have previously proposed that causes of population fluctuations can be ascertained by regression analysis in which Nt+1/Nt is the dependent variable, and Nt is one of the independent variables. This procedure contains a bias, since the expected relationship between Nt+1/Nt and Nt is hyperbolic when there is no causal relationship. The simplest way of circumventing this difficulty is to use Nt+1, not Nt+1/Nt as the dependent variable.
Occurrence and Food of Some Coccinellids (Coleoptera) in Ontario Peach Orchards
Authors: Putman Wm. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTen species of the larger, primarily aphidophagous, coccinellids were present in peach orchards of the Niagara Peninsula. Adalia bipunctata (L.) and Coccinella trifasciata perplexa Mulsant were the commonest. All were most numerous in the spring while the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), was present but their population densities were low at all times, apparently because suitable prey was scarce. They were not attracted to dense populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and were of no importance as predators of peach pests.At least 7 species were bivoltine but the second generation was only partial.
Life History and Behaviour of Scelio calopteni Riley (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a Parasite of Grasshopper Eggs
Authors: Pickford R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe life history and behaviour of Scelio calopteni Riley, an internal parasite of grasshopper eggs, is described. This insect was reared for the first time in the laboratory through one complete cycle. Newly emerged adults readily oviposited in eggs of Melanoplus sanguinipes F. By dechorionating the grasshopper eggs the developing stages of the parasite could be clearly observed.Although three larval stages have been reported by other authors for different species of Scelio, careful observations suggested only two in S. calopteni.
Population Dynamics of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) in Eastern Ontario: II. Population and mortality estimation during six age intervals
Authors: Harcourt D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractVariation between samples of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and between mortalities from some factors, on potato, were determined in long-term study plots at Merivale, Ontario. For each of six age intervals (spring adults; egg masses; larvae, Periods 1 and 2; pupal cells; and summer adults), inter-hill variance was the major source of sampling variance. Intra-hill and block differences were rarely significant. The most appropriate sample unit for the above-ground stages was the potato stalk and for pupal cells, the soil quadrant. Optimum allocation procedures indicated that not more than one sample unit per hill need be taken for the immature stages. For adults, the whole hill should be sampled. To estimate population means with acceptable limits of precision (10% standard error), it is recommended that 50 to 200 hills be sampled for the various age intervals.
Spiders on Apple in Wisconsin and Their Abundance in a Natural and Two Artificial Environments
Authors: Legner E. F. , Oatman E. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn investigation into the abundance of spiders in a three-acre apple orchard of northeastern Wisconsin was conducted in a natural and two artificial environments (captan and DDT) from 1959 through 1961. Six families, 17 genera and 24 species were recorded, with 15 species of hunting spiders and 9 species of cobweb forms present. Most abundant were Paraphidippus marginatus (Walck.), Philodromus cespiticolis (Walk.), Philodromus sp., Araniella displicata (Hentz) and an unidentified species of Salticidae. Comparisons are made with reports from the northeastern United States and Canada. Highest numbers were in the fungicide environment which was attributed to the more abundant and lush foliage there. Extremely low counts were obtained from the insecticide environment. Captan was deemed highly recommendable for increasing the total number of predacious spiders in an apple orchard.
The Taeniothrips of Canada (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: O'Neill Kellie , Bigelow R. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTen Taeniothrips species known or expected to occur in Canada are keyed, described and illustrated, and information on their host plants and distribution is given. Methods of collection and preparation, and characteristics used in the identification of Taeniothrips species are described. A few new terms for structures are adopted.
Improved Hydrostatic Pressure Gauge Methods for Measuring Oleoresin Exudation Pressure in Bark Beetle Research
Authors: Anderson Neil H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo improved methods for measuring pine oleoresin exudation pressure have been devised. These methods are modifications of the hydrostatic pressure gauge method introduced by Vité (1961). Method 1 describes a modified apparatus and an improved technique for measuring oleoresin exudation pressure from a 11/2-2 inch hole bored into the sapwood of the tree. This method is similar to Vité’s, except for the addition of a filling port and a filling port reservoir. The filling port was found to be essential for obtaining accurate pressure readings on Pinus taeda L. The reservoir was found to facilitate the filling operation, and it also made feasible the measurement of the filling fluid uptake by the tree during the equilibration period. Method 2 describes an apparatus and a technique for measuring oleoresin exudation pressure at the innerbark-wood interface. Since this interface is where bark beetles attack and rear broods, it seems logical to measure oleoresin exudation pressure at this location on the tree when pest-host interrelations are being studied. A discussion of the uses of the methods is given, and some of their advantages and limitations are reviewed.
A New Species of Dactynotus Rafinesque (Homoptera: Aphididae) from Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal
Authors: Robinson A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species of Dactynotus Rafinesque is described, from curlycup gumweed, Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal.
Field Studies on Flight Patterns and Olfactory Responses of Ambrosia Beetles in Douglas-fir Forests of Western Oregon
Authors: Rudinsky J. A. , Daterman G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe flight of the ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), Gnathotrichus sulcatus Lec. and G. retusus Lec., revealed distinct diurnal and seasonal patterns that were influenced by environmental factors, particularly temperature, wind, and daylight. While Trypodendron flies during the entire day when the temperature is favorable, the Gnathotrichus species exhibit a peak of flight at dusk. The temperature thresholds of emergence and initiation of flight for Trypodendron and the threshold for flight of Gnathotrichus were established.The substance responsible for mass attraction of Trypodendron, after the initial invasion of a few pioneer beetles, was found to be a species-specific sex pheromone produced by sexually mature females after entering the host. The pheromone has been concentrated from the female borings in the laboratory, and when released in the field it caused the beetles to respond. Both species of Gnathotrichus, on the other hand, responded to the borings produced by female beetles of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins and to the extract prepared in alcohol. This fact suggests possible use of these substances in control of these ambrosia beetles.
Seasonal and Geographical Distribution of Tabanidae (Diptera) in Manitoba, Based on Females Captured in Traps
Authors: Hanec Wm. , Bracken G. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe seasonal and geographical distribution of Tabanidae in Manitoba was investigated. Females were trapped in 27 localities in Manitoba by means of a horse-fly trap developed at the University of Manitoba.The species composition varies in different areas. Wet, swampy, forested areas yield a much greater variety of species than drier farming areas.The first tabanids appear during the last week of May and by the end of July very few are active. The seasonal distribution of species in some of the trapping sites was plotted. Hybomitra metabola (McD.) and H. nuda (McD.) are the earliest species that occur in large numbers in areas where they are found. In the latter half of June the summer species such as H. lasiophthalma (Macq.), H. frontalis (Wlk.), H. epistates (O.S.), H. typhus (Whitn.), Tabanus similis Macq. and the Chrysops species appear in large numbers.
Thermal Stress and Anomalous Development of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) III. Aedes sierrensis,
Authors: Horsfall William R. , Anderson John F. , Brust Reinhart A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAedes sierrensis (Ludlow), the western tree-hole mosquito, is the first species of the pulchritarsis-varipalpus group of the subgenus Ochlerotatus which has been shown to have the masculine genotype modified by thermal pressure applied to developing larvae. A rearing temperature of 30.0 °C. during instars 1-3 and the first half of 4, and 31.0° during the last half of instar 4 will modify the degree of masculinity of the palpi, antennae, oral stylets and testes. Modified males are impotent because the genital section fails to rotate to the copulatory position.
Influence of Temperature on Prespinning Eonymphs of the Swaine Jack-Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Midd. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)
Authors: Pilon J. G. , Tripp H. A. , McLeod J. M. , Ilnitzky S. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory experiments at various constant temperatures indicate a theoretical threshold of about 40°F. for spinning of cocoons by eonymphal larvae of Neodiprion swainei Midd. As temperatures fall below 52.5°F. the increase in mortality and time required to spin is pronounced. The optimum temperature is estimated to be around 60°F. Field investigations for three consecutive years show a close correlation between rate of spinning and temperature. Temperature is considered as a prime factor influencing the spinning of cocoons and is possibly one of the more important factors governing the population dynamics of N. swainei in the Province of Quebec.
Olfactory Guidance of Insects
Authors: Wright R. H. 
Published: December 2009

The responses of insects to olfactory stimuli and to air-borne signals generally can be correctly understood only when the stimulus is presented in a natural way, and, moreover, one which is fully understood by the experimenter.Molecular diffusion is an extremely slow process, and diffusion gradients are relatively unimportant in providing directional guidance. Aluch more important are the mass movements of the scented air, so that, for example, Drosophila melanogaster give one kind of response to an attractive scent when it is presented in a moving air current and a comp1etely different response to the same smell when the air is still.