bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Supramolecular Structure of Copolymers Based on Poly(propylene glycol fumarate phthalate) with Acrylic Acid
Authors: Sarsenbekova Akmaral Zh. , Bolatbay Abylaikhan N. , Havlicek David , Issina Zhannur A. , Sarsenbek Assiya Zh. , Kabdenova Nurgul A. , Kilybay Muslim A. 
Published: May 2024

Previous studies investigating the thermal decomposition of p-PGFPh:AA copolymers in an inert atmosphere have provided only a general understanding of the changes that occur during thermolysis. Comprehensive studies are required to gain a better understanding of these processes [1]. The most comprehensive information on the influence of various factors on both the kinetics and the supramolecular structure of the resulting products can be obtained by combining the method of thermal analysis with IR, mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The compounds studied have two different compositions, namely p‑PGFPh:AA 6.77:93.23 mol % and p-PGFPh:AA 86.67:13.33 mol %. These compounds were then subjected to a thermolysis process, which resulted in the emission of gases and a decrease in sample weight. The degradation process can be divided into three stages: 1) Depolymerization of the main chain; 2) Depolymerization of the side chain; 3) Final decomposition. These processes occur sequentially at different temperature ranges. According to TG- and DTG studies, complete decomposition of p-PGFPh:AA copolymers occurred at Tterm = 340–350 °C. In this temperature range, a slight loss of sample mass (less than 10 wt %) was observed along with a slight gas evolution. The main gaseous products from the transformation of the studied samples were CO and CO2. This was supported by IR-CO (2000–2200 cm−1) and CO2 (2310–2370 cm−1) as well as mass spectrometric observations. The final products resulting from the thermolysis of p-PGFPh:AA copolymers were examined under an electron microscope. The results showed a similar morphological pattern of mesostructures with sizes ranging from 0.3–1.5 μm, which were observed depending on the porous structure of the initial polymer material. Based on the experimental data, it can be concluded that the p-PGFPh:AA copolymers (in proportions of 6.77:93.23 mol % and 86.67:13.33 mol %) have a relatively high degree of resistance to heating and do not undergo any changes in chemical composition, particle size and shape. In conclusion, the results clearly indicate that the selection of conditions for pyrolysis plays a crucial role in increasing the thermal stability of polymeric materials. This method allows for purposeful changes in the structure and properties of polymers.
Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction using box-Behnken design, method validation, and analysis of phytochemicals from drying treatments in the application of Etlingera elatior inflorescence
Authors: Firdhauzi Amila , Takahashi Yupanqui Chutha , Setyaningsih Widiastuti , Vatcharee  
Published: May 2024

Background: Etlingera elatior inflorescence, a potential source for herbal tea, undergoes a drying process that could enhance the active ingredients and health benefits. This study introduces the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to improve conventional extraction and increase the yield of phytochemicals, thereby presenting a novel approach to functional foods and nutrition.
Objective: This study aims to optimize the UAE method using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD), a statistical experimental design widely used in the field of functional foods and nutrition. The determination of phytochemicals was validated using the optimized UAE. Chlorogenic acid from the extract was analyzed using HPLC-DAD and compared with that from Indonesia. According to the development of herbal tea, the phytochemical contents and inhibition of DPPH scavenging antioxidant activity were examined for the three drying treatments compared to freeze-drying.
Methods: Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize the condition of UAE with three variables: solvent concentrations (70%, 85%, 100%), solid-to-solvent ratios (1:20, 1:15, 1:10), and temperatures (30°C, 50°C, 70°C). The TPCs and TFCs of the ethanol extract were analyzed as observed responses. Repeatability precision (%CV) and recovery were validated for the optimized UAE. HPLC-DAD analyzed the chlorogenic acid of the extract and compared it to the Thai E. elatior extract and Indonesia. In applying E. elatior tea, phytochemical contents, and DPPH∙, scavenging antioxidant activity was examined for three drying treatments and compared to the freeze-drying treatment.
Results: The suggested condition of optimized UAE extraction was 70% ethanol, 50°C, and a 1:20 solid-to-solvent ratio. %Repeatability precision of TPCs and TFCs for the extract was significantly <5%, and %recovery >90%. Freeze-drying and cabinet-drying treatments had significantly higher TPCs than others. Especially in freeze-drying treatment, the TFCs of the extract from Indonesia were significantly greater than those in Thailand (p<0.05). For DPPH∙ antioxidant activity, all treatments except freeze-drying of the extracts from Indonesia had higher inhibition of DPPH∙ antioxidant activity than those from Thailand.
Conclusion: The optimized UAE extraction method was validated with high precision and accuracy. All drying treatments influenced the phytochemical contents and Inhibition of DPPH antioxidant activity in the inflorescences of both Thailand and Indonesia.
Keywords: Box-Behnken Design, drying treatment, tea, method validation, phenolic.
Exploring GRU-based approaches with attention mechanisms for accurate phishing URL detection
Authors: K S Jishnu , B Arthi 
Published: May 2024

In the dynamic realm of digital advancements, the persistent menace of phishing attacks continues to jeopardize the security landscape for both individuals and organizations. As cyber attacks continue to proliferate, URL-based phishing attacks are growing rapidly. This paper presents an exploratory study aimed at enhancing cybersecurity measures through the detection of phishing URLs. Our approach involves exploring the integration of Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) with various attention mechanisms to bolster accuracy in discerning between legitimate and phishing URLs. Notably, our study reveals that the implementation of the Bahdanau attention mechanism with GRU yields remarkable results, achieving an accuracy of 98.14%. We conducted experiments on a comprehensive dataset comprising 95,913 URLs. Our primary objectives include fortifying cybersecurity defenses against phishing threats, innovating through the integration of diverse attention mechanisms with GRU, and substantiating the efficacy of our model through rigorous evaluation metrics. As the realm of cybersecurity confronts escalating challenges, our research not only offers valuable insights but also charts a promising trajectory for future advancements in cybersecurity strategies.
Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on the Neuropsychological Profile in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Reyes Bueno José A. , Sánchez-Guijo Guillermo , Ráez Pablo Doblas , García-Arnés Juan A. , Garzón-Maldonado Francisco J. , Castro Vicente Serrano , de la Cruz-Cosme Carlos , Alba-Linero Carmen , Gutiérrez-Bedmar Mario , García-Casares Natalia 
Published: May 2024

Background: Diabetes is one of the main risk factors for developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease. Most studies have demonstrated a worse performance in executive function, verbal fluency, and information processing speed in patients with diabetes. Objective: To assess the cognitive functioning of persons with type 2 diabetes and amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI-T2DM) compared to persons with aMCI without diabetes and persons without diabetes or aMCI as controls, to understand the role of diabetes in the neuropsychological profile. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving a sample of 83 patients, ranging in age from 61 to 85 years and divided into three groups: aMCI-T2DM (27 patients), aMCI (29 patients), Controls (27 individuals). All the participants undertook an exhaustive neuropsychological assessment (auditory-verbal and visual memory, attention, information processing speed, language, executive function, and depression). Results: Both groups of aMCI patients performed significantly worse than the controls in all the neuropsychological tests. A significant linear tendency ( p trend < 0.05) was found between groups, with the aMCI-T2DM group presenting worse results in global cognition assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; Auditory Verbal Learning Test; Trail Making Test A and B, Verbal Fluency Test, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Conclusions: aMCI patients with or without diabetes showed worse cognitive function compared to persons without diabetes or aMCI. Additionally, aMCI patients without T2DM presented a different cognitive profile than aMCI patients with T2DM, which tended towards presenting worse cognitive functions such as global cognition, memory, attention, executive function, and language.
Plasma Neurofilament Light Relates to Divergent Default and Salience Network Connectivity in Alzheimer’s Disease and Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Chong Joanna Su Xian , Tan Yi Jayne , Koh Amelia Jialing , Ting Simon Kang Seng , Kandiah Nagaendran , Ng Adeline Su Lyn , Zhou Juan Helen 
Published: May 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) show differential vulnerability to large-scale brain functional networks. Plasma neurofilament light (NfL), a promising biomarker of neurodegeneration, has been linked in AD patients to glucose metabolism changes in AD-related regions. However, it is unknown whether plasma NfL would be similarly associated with disease-specific functional connectivity changes in AD and bvFTD. Objective: Our study examined the associations between plasma NfL and functional connectivity of the default mode and salience networks in patients with AD and bvFTD. Methods: Plasma NfL and neuroimaging data from patients with bvFTD ( n = 16) and AD or mild cognitive impairment ( n = 38; AD + MCI) were analyzed. Seed-based functional connectivity maps of key regions within the default mode and salience networks were obtained and associated with plasma NfL in these patients. RESULTS: We demonstrated divergent associations between NfL and functional connectivity in AD + MCI and bvFTD patients. Specifically, AD + MCI patients showed lower default mode network functional connectivity with higher plasma NfL, while bvFTD patients showed lower salience network functional connectivity with higher plasma NfL. Further, lower NfL-related default mode network connectivity in AD + MCI patients was associated with lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and higher Clinical Dementia Rating sum-of-boxes scores, although NfL-related salience network connectivity in bvFTD patients was not associated with Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that plasma NfL is differentially associated with brain functional connectivity changes in AD and bvFTD.
Search in the Periphery for Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers of Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Costantini Erica , Carrarini Claudia , Calisi Dario , De Rosa Matteo , Simone Marianna , Di Crosta Adolfo , Palumbo Rocco , Cipollone Alessia , Aielli Lisa , De Laurentis Maria , Colarusso Lucilla , Pilotto Andrea , Padovani Alessandro , Konstantinidou Fani , Gatta Valentina , Stuppia Liborio , Cipollone Francesco , Di Nicola Marta , Reale Marcella , Bonanni Laura 
Published: May 2024

Background: Neuroinflammation, with altered peripheral proinflammatory cytokine production, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while the role of inflammation in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is less known and the results of different studies are often in disagreement. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the levels of TNFα and IL-6 in serum and supernatants, and the related DNA methylation in patients affected by DLB and AD compared to healthy controls (HCs), to clarify the role of epigenetic mechanisms of DNA promoter methylation on of pro-inflammatory cytokines overproduction. Methods: Twenty-one patients with DLB and fourteen with AD were frequency-matched for age and sex with eleven HCs. Clinical evaluation, TNFα and IL-6 gene methylation status, cytokine gene expression levels and production in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants were performed. Results: In AD and DLB patients, higher serum levels of IL-6 and TNFα were detected than in HCs. Differences in LPS-stimulated versus spontaneous PBMCs were observed between DLB, AD, and HC in the levels of TNFα ( p = 0.027) and IL-6 ( p < 0.001). Higher levels were also revealed for sIL-6R in DLB ( p < 0.001) and AD ( p < 0.001) in comparison with HC.DNA hypomethylation in IL-6 and TNFα CpG promoter sites was detected for DLB and AD patients compared to the corresponding site in HCs. Conclusions: Our preliminary study documented increased levels of IL-6 and TNFα in DLB and AD patients to HCs. This overproduction can be due to epigenetic mechanisms regarding the hypomethylation of DNA promoters.
Alterations in Synaptic Connectivity and Synaptic Transmission in Alzheimer’s Disease with High Physical Activity
Authors: Wu Can , Ruan Tingting , Yuan Yalan , Xu Chunshuang , Du Lijuan , Wang Fang , Xu Shujun 
Published: May 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration disease. Physical activity is one of the most promising modifiable lifestyles that can be effective in slowing down the progression of AD at an early stage. Objective: Explore the molecular processes impaired in AD that were conversely preserved and enhanced by physical activity. Methods: Integrated transcriptomic analyses were performed in datasets that contain AD patients and elders with different degrees of physical activity. The changes of the hub genes were validated through analyzing another two datasets. The expression of the hub genes was further detected in the hippocampus and cortexes of APP/PS1 transgenic mice with or without physical activity by Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: Cross-comparison highlighted 195 DEGs displaying opposed regulation patterns between AD and high physical activity (HPA). The common DEGs were predominantly involved in synaptic vesicle recycling and synaptic transmission, largely downregulated in AD patients but upregulated in the elders with HPA. Two key modules and four hub genes that were related to synaptic vesicle turnover were obtained from the PPI network. The expression of these hub genes ( SYT1, SYT4, SH3GL2, and AP2M1) was significantly decreased in AD transgenic mice and was reversed by HPA training. Conclusions: HPA may reverse AD pathology by upregulating a range of synaptic vesicle transport related proteins which might improve the efficiency of synaptic vesicle turnover and facilitate inter-neuronal information transfer. The study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlining the protective effects of HPA on AD.
Relationship Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker Values Measured via Lumipulse Assays and Conventional ELISA: Single-Center Experience and Systematic Review
Authors: Kurihara Masanori , Kondo Soichiro , Ohse Kensuke , Nojima Hisashi , Kikkawa-Saito Emiko , Iwata Atsushi 
Published: May 2024

Background: Although Lumipulse assays and conventional ELISA are strongly correlated, the precise relationship between their measured values remains undetermined. Objective: To determine the relationship between Lumipulse and ELISA measurement values. Methods: Patients who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarker measurements and consented to biobanking between December 2021 and June 2023 were included. The relationship between values measured via Lumipulse assays and conventional ELISA were evaluated by Passing-Bablok analyses for amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phospho-tau 181 (p-tau 181). Studies using both assays were systematically searched for in PubMed and summarized after quality assessment. Results: Regression line slopes and intercepts were 1.41 (1.23 to 1.60) and –77.8 (–198.4 to 44.5) for Aβ42, 0.94 (0.88 to 1.01) and 98.2 (76.9 to 114.4) for t-tau, and 1.60 (1.43 to 1.75) and –21.1 (–26.9 to –15.6) for p-tau181. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were 0.90, 0.95, and 0.95 for Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau181, respectively. We identified 13 other studies that included 2,117 patients in total. Aβ42 slope varied among studies, suggesting inter-lab difference of ELISA. The slope and intercept of t-tau were approximately 1 and 0, respectively, suggesting small proportional and systematic differences. Conversely, the p-tau181 slope was significantly higher than 1, distributed between 1.5–2 in most studies, with intercepts significantly lower than 0, suggesting proportional and systematic differences. Conclusions: We characterized different relationship between measurement values for each biomarker, which may be useful for understanding the differences in CSF biomarker measurement values on different platforms and for future global harmonization.
Urolithin A Inhibits Anterior Basolateral Amygdala to Ventral Hippocampal CA1 Circuit to Ameliorate Amyloid-β-Impaired Social Ability
Authors: Xiong Rui , Li Binrui , Yu Haitao , Fan Tianceng , Yu Huiling , Yang Ying , Wang Jian-Zhi , Pi Guilin , Yang Xifei 
Published: May 2024

Background: Anxiety and social withdrawal are highly prevalent among patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying these symptoms remain elusive, and there is a need for effective prevention strategies. Objective: This study aims to elucidate the neural circuitry mechanisms underlying social anxiety in AD. Methods: We utilized 5xFAD mice and conducted a series of experiments including optogenetic manipulation, Tandem Mass Tag-labeled proteome analysis, behavioral assessments, and immunofluorescence staining. Results: In 5xFAD mice, we observed significant amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the anterior part of basolateral amygdala (aBLA). Behaviorally, 6-month-old 5xFAD mice displayed excessive social avoidance during social interaction. Concurrently, the pathway from aBLA to ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) was significantly activated and exhibited a disorganized firing patterns during social interaction. By optogenetically inhibiting the aBLA-vCA1 pathway, we effectively improved the social ability of 5xFAD mice. In the presence of Aβ accumulation, we identified distinct changes in the protein network within the aBLA. Following one month of administration of Urolithin A (UA), we observed significant restoration of the abnormal protein network within the aBLA. UA treatment also attenuated the disorganized firings of the aBLA-vCA1 pathway, leading to an improvement in social ability. Conclusions: The aBLA-vCA1 circuit is a vulnerable pathway in response to Aβ accumulation during the progression of AD and plays a crucial role in Aβ-induced social anxiety. Targeting the aBLA-vCA1 circuit and UA administration are both effective strategies for improving the Aβ-impaired social ability.
Design of Lightweight Chaos based Cryptographic Primitives: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Tiwari Devisha Arunadevi , Mondal Bhaskar 
Published: May 2024

CONTEXT: Due to enormous efforts in the development of phenomenal chaos and its desirable properties, various researchers have expressed an interest in developing secure and reliable cryptography primitives by incorporating its benedictory properties. But incorrect implementations of chaos and dependence on dubious finite precision technologies could lead to contradicting results.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this research is to delineate the degree of chaoticity and its attribute utilization in the construction of cryptography primitives as a research arena for their security and dependability.

METHOD: This work uses a comparative analysis to present the method of design of chaos-based cryptographic primitives. The study makes use of a panoramic collection of distinguished publications that have appeared in distinguished conferences and journals over the past three decades. An in-depth comparative analysis on lightweight implementations of chaos based cryptographic primitives is presented using standard metrics.

RESULTS: Research leveraging chaotic nonlinear systems to design cryptography primitives is classified into several domains. Chaos implementations in both analog and digital mode that were integrated in the design of cryptography primitives research are presented. Reports the evaluation metrics used to verify the algorithms. Results of several chaos-fixated implementations that have been compared across differing experiments are reported.

CONCLUSION: The research is useful in determining the progress of chaos-based implementations in several scientific disciplines pertaining to the design of cryptographic primitives.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRICE TO BOOK VALUE DAN IMPLIKASINYA PADA RETURN SAHAM
Authors: Roy Roy roy 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan : 1) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh langsung Dividen Payout Ratio, Return On Equity, Growth dan Degree Financial Leverage terhadap Price to Book Value (PBV); 2) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh langsung Dividen Payout Ratio, Return On Equity, Growth dan Degree Financial Leverage terhadap return saham; 3) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh langsung Dividen Payout Ratio, Return On Equity, Growth dan Degree Financial Leverage terhadap return saham melalui Price to Book Value (PBV); 4) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh langsung Price to Book Value (PBV)terhadap return saham.Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah perusahaan-perusahaan yang manufaktur industri barang konsumsi makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, periode 2010-2014. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 15 perusahaan, metode penarikan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling (judgement sampling). Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur dan Uji sobel.