bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of CO2 laser for treatment of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, compared with combination of cryotherapy and intralesional meglumine antimoniate
Authors: Shamsi Meymandi S , Zandi S , Aghaie H , Heshmatkhah A 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in developing countries. Several types of treatments have been suggested, but none of them is completely effective and without side‐effects. CO2 laser has a specific thermolysis effect on infected tissues in CL.Objectives  To determine the efficacy and safety of CO2 laser vs. combined cryotherapy and intralesional meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) in dry‐type CL.Methods  This is a prospective, randomized open trial study (Kerman, Iran) from November 2007 to August 2009. A total of 96 patients were randomly assigned to receive one session of CO2 laser therapy and 95 patients on combined cryotherapy biweekly with intralesional meglumine antimoniate weekly until complete cure or up to 12 weeks, whichever is earlier. Clinical and laboratory cure, defined as complete re‐epithelialization of 100%, complete flattening of induration and negative smear of lesions compared with baseline at weeks 2, 6, 12 and 16, and also at the time of complete cure (week 2, 6, 12 or 16).Results  Of 191 participants, 80 patients with 95 lesions in group A and 80 patients with 95 lesions in group B completed the study. Complete cure was 93.7% (89/95 lesions) in group A and 78% (74/95 lesions) in group B. Complications were similar in the two groups and were limited to the ulcer sites.Conclusions  The CO2 laser was more effective in treating dry‐type cutaneous leishmaniasis than combined cryotherapy and intralesional glucantime and resulted in a shorter healing time (6 weeks vs. 12 weeks) with a single treatment session.
Biogeochemical Proxies of Anthropic Impact in Mediterranean Forest Soils
Authors: Tinoco P. , Piedra Buena A. , Zancada M. C. , Sanz J. , Almendros G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractQuantitative changes in soil organic matter (SOM) from undisturbed Mediterranean forests and neighbouring deforested sites were assessed by analysing soil lipids and humic acids (HAs), in total studying 80 variables. Changes in the composition of free lipids reflected vegetation types, whereas HAs analysed by visible and13C NMR spectroscopy, sodium perborate degradation and Curie‐point pyrolysis indicated the extent of structural alteration of lignin in soil. The molecular fractions released by degradation techniques applied to HAs showed that demethoxylation and oxidation were associated with the removal of forest vegetation, and the aromatic compounds consisted mainly of methoxyphenols and benzenecarboxylic acids. Decreased concentration of alkanes and increased amounts of alcohols were observed after removal of forests. The chain lengths of alkyl compounds also tended to decrease. In forest soil, there was a series of diterpene resin acids, whereas in pasture soil steroids from animal origin and a root‐derived triterpenoids with friedelan structure were found. In relation to the total quantity and quality of soil C, the overall chemical descriptors indicated that clearing and cultivation (semiarid cereal fields) lead to intense mineralization of SOM (mainly particulate, free organic matter) but the residual humic substances have enhanced maturity in terms of structural condensation and potential resilience. Conversely, the cleared forest soil under pasture had a comparatively higher potential for C sequestration, but the HA characteristics suggested selective preservation of plant biomacromolecules directly incorporated as underground biomass.
Quadriceps muscle performance in sitting and standing in young women with patellofemoral pain syndrome and young healthy women
Authors: Thomeé R. , Grimby G. , Svantesson U. , Österberg U. 
Published: July 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare muscular activation in sitting and standing in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and healthy controls. Eleven women with patellofemoral pain syndrome and nine healthy controls were evaluated regarding: (a) muscle performance in sitting compared to standing ‐ knee extensor torque was registered in sitting with a Kin Com dynamometer and in standing with a force plate, and quadriceps muscle activity was registered with EMG in both sitting and standing; and (b) ability to maximally voluntarily activate during sitting isometric knee extension.Maximally tolerated single‐twitch electrical stimulation was superimposed on 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of maximal voluntary activation. Additional torque from the single twitch was documented. Five patients and all nine controls were tested twice (tests a and b) with 2 days between tests, and high reproducibility could be demonstrated. A significantly higher torque during sitting compared with standing was found in both patients and controls, but with a significant correlation between sitting and standing torque values. No significant difference was found between patients and controls. Single‐twitch electrical stimulation superimposed on maximal voluntary activation resulted in increased torque in two of the nine controls compared to 10 of the 11 patients. The average increased torque in the patients were significantly higher than in the controls and estimated to 18%. It was concluded that sitting isometric measurements are representative of the ability to produce standing isometric knee torque. A moderate degree of inhibition was demonstrated during sitting strength measurements in the patients (not studied in standing).
Postural control — a comparison between patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency and healthy individuals
Authors: Lysholm M. , Ledin T. , Ödkvist L. M. , Good L. 
Published: July 2010

Postural control in the sagittal plane was evaluated in 22 patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency and the result was compared to that of a control group of 20 uninjured subjects. Measurement of the body sway was done on a fixed and sway‐referenced force plate in both single‐limb and two‐limb stance, with the eyes open and closed, respectively. Further, an analysis of the postural reactions to perturbations backwards and forwards, respectively, was made in single‐limb stance.The results demonstrated statistically significant deficits of the postural control in the patient group compared to the control group, but also within the patient group. There was a significantly higher body sway within the patient group when standing on a stable support surface on the injured limb than standing on the uninjured limb with the eyes open, but no difference with the eyes closed. When standing on a stable support surface, there was a significantly higher body sway in the patient group standing on the injured leg than in the control group, both with eyes open and closed. The patient group also showed a significantly impaired postural control compared to the control group when standing on the uninjured leg with the eyes closed. There was no difference between the groups in the two‐limb stance. When standing on the sway‐referenced support surface, the patient group had a significantly larger body sway than the control group when the eyes were open, but there was no significant difference between the groups with the eyes closed. The measurement of the postural corrective responses to perturbations backwards and forwards showed that the reaction time measured from the initiation of the force plate translation, and the amplitude of the body sway was significantly greater in the patient group than in the control group.We conclude that patients with a continuing chronic ACL insufficiency several years after injury have an impaired postural control in the anteroposterior direction in single‐limb stance on their injured leg. They also show a greater body sway and a prolonged reaction time when subjected to anteroposterior perturbations when standing on their injured leg.
A 10‐year comparison of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with hamstring tendon and patellar tendon autograft: a controlled, prospective trial
Authors: Pinczewski L. A. , Lyman J. , Salmon L. J. , Russell V. J. , Roe J. , Linklater J. 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: There are no controlled, prospective studies comparing the 10‐year outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using patellar tendon (PT) and four‐strand hamstring tendon (HT) autografts.HYPOTHESIS: Comparable results are possible with HT and PT autografts.STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.METHODS: One hundred and eighty ACL‐deficient knees that met inclusion criteria underwent ACL reconstruction (90 HT autograft, 90 PT autograft) by one surgeon and were treated with an accelerated rehabilitation program. All knees were observed in a prospective fashion with subjective, objective, and radiographic evaluation at 2‐, 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐year intervals.RESULTS: At 10 years, there were no differences in graft rupture rates (7/90 PT vs 12/90 HT, P=0.24). There were 20 contralateral ACL ruptures in the PT group, compared with nine in the HT group (P=0.02). In all patients, graft rupture was associated with instrumented laxity >2 mm at 2 years (P=0.001). Normal or near‐normal function of the knee was reported in 97% of patients in both groups. In the PT group, harvest‐site symptoms (P=0.001) and kneeling pain (P=0.01) were more common than in the HT group. More patients reported pain with strenuous activities in PT knees than in HT knees (P=0.05). Radiographic osteoarthritis was more common in PT knees than the HT‐reconstructed knees (P=0.04). The difference, however, was composed of patients with mild osteoarthritis. Other predictors of radiographic osteoarthritis were <90% single‐legged hop test at 1 year and the need for further knee surgery. An “ideal” outcome, defined as an overall International Knee Documentation Committee grade of A or B and a radiographic grade of A at 10 years after ACL reconstruction, was associated with <3 mm of instrumented laxity at 2 years, the absence of additional surgery in the knee, and HT grafts.CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to obtain excellent results with both HT and PT autografts. We recommend HT reconstructions to our patients because of decreased harvest‐site symptoms and radiographic osteoarthritis.
RESEARCH AND EXTENSION IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ‐ PURPOSES AND ASSUMPTIONS*
Authors: KRISTJANSON BALDUR H. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe basic assumptions in production research and extension (conflicting as they may be) have been set forth in this paper. An examination of these assumptions, in turn, suggests a need for more research and extension work.This in itself is not a novel suggestion. However, it seems clear that more resources are required for both research and extension to deal with the possibility that Canadian agriculture is faced with the prospects of chronic depression. Deficiencies in basic research data have been identified and the suggestion made that farm people need to be encouraged to give more study to the national implications of farm production potentials.Conflicting assumptions, deficiencies in basic data and an absence of a fully defined farm policy are not peculiar to Canada. These characteristics are found in most countries of the world. Nevertheless, these seem to be days of agonizing re‐appraisals the world over and it seems unlikely that we can escape such a chore in our own domain.
EFFECT OF ASSEMBLY COSTS ON OPTIMUM GRAIN ELEVATOR SIZE AND LOCATION
Authors: Araji Ahmed A. , Walsh Richard G. 
Published: July 2010

This paper considers simultaneously the effect of assembly costs and economies of scale on optimum size and location of grain elevators. When assembly factors (transportation costs and grain sales density) are included, optimum elevator size may be as little as 25 to 50 per cent of the size when in‐plant costs only are considered. These results are important to all parts of Canada's grain industry, but especially relevant in view of the importance currently associated with efficient grain assembly and in view of the significance of farmer cooperatives in Canadian grain assembly and storage.EFFETS DU COUT DE RASSEMBLEMENT RELATIF A LA GRANDEUR OPTIMUM ET LA SITUATION GEOGRAPHIQUE ďELEVATEUR. ‐ ľétude considère simultanément ľeffet du coût de rassemblement et des économies àľéchelle optimum et ľemplacement, des élévateurs. Quand le cout du transport et la concentration de ventes de graines est inclu, la grandeur optimum des élévateurs peut étre réduit de 25 à 50 p. 100 de la grandeur basé sur le coût ďusine seul Ces résultats ont une importance pour ľindustrie des graines dans tout le Canada mais plus spécialement à cause de ľimportance couramment attachéàľefficacité du rassemblement des graines et la position primordiale des coopératives rurales dans la tâche de rassemblement et de ľentreposage des graines.
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN THE CANADIAN LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY: AN INPUT‐OUTPUT APPROACH1
Authors: Yeh M.H. , Lin Leon 
Published: July 2010

This paper uses input‐output analysis to quantify the interdependence among the livestock industry and other related industries, and to develop within‐agriculture multipliers based on these inter‐relationships. The study uses the technique developed to analyze the rate of technological change within the beef industry, and to project domestic demands for beef and pork, and labor requirements in meat processing to 1975. Major conclusions are 1) that income linkages for agricultural production are large, although multipliers developed in this study tend to be less than those of other recent work, an expected condition reflecting their intra‐agriculture nature; 2) that little improvement occurred in the efficiency of the total livestock industry between 1951 and 1961; 3) that Canadian beef and pork requirements are forecast to increase by 5.2 and 4.5 per cent annually, respectively, to. 1975, and 4) that substantial increases are forecast in labor requirements in meat processing.CHANGEMENT TECHNOLOG1QUE DANS ľINDUSTRIE DU BETAIL AU CANADA ‐ UNE METHODE ďANALYSEDESINTRANTSETEXTRANTS ‐Cette étude utilise ľanalyse des intrants et extrants pour déterminer ľinterdépendance de ľindustrie du bétail et ďautres industries connexes, et pour établir des multiplicateurs au sein de ľagriculture fondés sur ces interpénétrations. ľétude se serf de la technique élaborée pour ľanalyse du taux de changement technologique dans ľindustrie bovine, et pour ľextrapolation de la demande intérieure pour le boeuf et le pore de boucherie, et.les besoins de main‐d'oeuvre dans la préparation de la viande jusqu'à 1975. Void les principales conclusions: 1) que les enchaînements de revenu dans la production agricole sont considérables, bien que les multiplicateurs établis dans la présente étude soient moindres que ceux ďautres récents travaux, une condition vraisemblable qui reflète leur nature intra‐agricole; 2) que ľefficacité de ľensemble de ľindustrie du bétail s'est très peu améliorée de 1951 a 1961; 3) qu'on prévoit que les besoins canadiens de boeuf et de pore de boucherie augmenteront de 5.2 et 4.5p. 100par année, respectivement, jusqu'à 1975; et 4) qu'on prévoit des augmentations considérables dans les besoins de main‐d'oeuvre dans le secteur de la préparation de la viande.
DISPARITIÉS RÉGIONALES ET SCOLARITÉ EN AGRICUTURE
Authors: Wampach Jean‐Pierre 
Published: July 2010

Une analyse graphique dégage, en 1961, pour ľagriculture québécoise et ontarienne, une relation entre la productivité moyenne en valeur de travail et le taux de scolarité de la population rurale agricole masculine, au niveau régional. La variable scolarité est introduite dans une fonction agrégée de production pour la province de Québec et son effet sur la production s'avère significatif. Les coefficients de régression de la variable scolarité et des autres, variables sont utilisés pour analyser les différences relatives de productivité du travail entre la région des environs de Montréal et la région de la Gaspésie‐Côte‐Nord. Comparativement à une analyse antérieure dont la scolaritéétait absente, celle‐ci explique 6% de la différence de productivité. Ľeffet du taux de scolarité ne modifie guère les effets des autres variables, excepté celui de la région, qui est diminué du montant expliqué par la scolarité. La faible contribution du taux de scolaritéàľexplication des différences régionales de productivité soulève la question ďun possible sous‐investissement dans le capital humain en agriculture.REGIONAL DISPARITIES AND EDUCATION IN AGRICULTURE –A graphic analysis, at the regional level, in 1961, reveals in Quebec and Ontario agriculture, a relationship between the average value productivity of labour and the level of education of the agricultural rural male labor force. The education variable is introduced in the aggregate production function for Quebec agriculture and found to have a significant effect on production. The regression coefficient of the education variable is used, together with the other regression coefficients, to analyse the relative gap of labour productivity between the Montreal (environs) region and the Gaspe‐Côte‐Nord region. In comparison with a previous analysis excluding education, it is found that differences in education explain 6% of the gap, without altering much the effects of the other variables, except the regional effect, which is reduced by 6%. The small contribution of education to the explanation of the regional disparities in agricultural labor productivity might reflect the under investment in human capital.
SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING FAMILY EXPENDITURES FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION*
Authors: Wright J. D. , Bondurant W. H. 
Published: July 2010

The work week is becoming shorter, family incomes are rising, and population is increasing. This provides more opportunity for outdoor recreation and probably increases the demand for such facilities and related services. This paper is directed to the user of outdoor recreation facilities and attempts to analyze some factors influencing user expenditures. A sample of families from Census tract areas with low to high median family incomes, a major part of a relatively large Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, was interviewed to obtain the empirical information treated in this paper. Factors expected to influence annual expenditures for outdoor recreation were annual family income, age of head of household, education, race, distance to outdoor recreation facilities and time spent participating in outdoor recreation outside an urban area. The principal findings indicate that most people travelled relatively short distances to outdoor recreation sites, and that family income, education, distance to recreation facility and time spent were significantly related to annual family expenditures. The authors believe that increased demand for outdoor recreation will significantly influence additional development of people‐oriented outdoor recreation facilities and services.LOCALISATION ET LOISIRS DE PLEIN AIR –La semaine de travail est en train de diminuer. les revenus des families s'élèvent et la population s'accroît. Tout cela procure des occasions supplémentaires pour les loisirs de plein air et probablement augmente la demande de biens de ce type, et de services divers. Cet article concerne ceux qui ont des loisirs de plein air et essaie d'analyser les facteurs influencant leur depenses. Un échantillon des families à partir des zones de recensement avec des revenus bas jusqu'aux revenus médians, la plus grande partie de la zone statistique métropolitaine type, a été interviewée dans le but d'obtenir I'information empirique décrite et analysée dans eel article. Les facteurs qui sont supposés influencer les dépenses annuelles directes de loisirs de plein air étaient le revenu familial annuel, l'âge du chef de famille, l'éducation, la race, la distance jusqu'aux lieux de loisirs et le temps passé en participant aux loisirs a l'intérieur de la zone urbaine échantillonnée. Les principales conclusions indiquent que la plupart des gens voyagent sur de courtes distances jusqu'aux installations de loisirs et que le revenu familial, l'éducation, la distance jusqu'aux lieux de loisir et le temps passé en loisirs sont relies d'une façon significative aux dépenses annuelles des families pour ce genre de loisirs. Les auteurs pensent qu'une demande croissante de loisirs de plein air contribuera, d'une façon significative au développement supplémentaire des services et installations des loisirs de plein air.
DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mehmet Ozay 
Published: July 2010

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of disguised unemployment in less developed countries, which tends to lend support for agricultural development policies as the most effective means of eliminating such unemployment. In addition, it is shown that urban unemployment may also be remedied through such policies. The overall conclusion of the theoretical analysis is that agricultural policies in the less developed countries manifesting disguised and urban unemployment should, as a first target, aim at maintaining farming activities throughout the calendar year at levels achieved during peak seasons.CHOMAGE DEGUISE ET DEVELOPPEMENT AGRICOLE – Ce mémoire présente une analyse théorique du chômage déguisé dans les pays sous‐développes. ľanalyse tend à favoriser une politique de développement agricole comme moyen ďéliminer un tel chômage. En outre, il est démontré que ľon peut améliorer le chômage urbain par une telle politique. La conclusion principale c'est que la politique des jeunes nations (affligées de chômage et déguisé et urbain,) doit se concentrer premiérement à soutenir pendant toute ľannée le niveau ďemploi des périodes de la plus grande production.
AGRICULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL LAND USE IN CANADA: POTENTIAL FOR CONFLICT OR BENEFIT?
Authors: Ironside R.G. 
Published: July 2010

The paper reviews the bases for potential conflict and benefit between agricultural and recreational land use. It discusses different types of conflict and benefit. Most of the research literature is American though some British studies exist. The vacation farm in particular is emphasised as a way to provide additional rural income while solving the demand for recreational space. The situation in Canada is reviewed. Little research is underway by Universities or Government. Ontario and Nova Scotia seem to be ahead of the other provinces in the variety and type of rural recreational enterprise existing and in the interest shown by Government and Farmers' Associations in their development. A number of constraints on recreational development by farmers are discussed. Studies of actual cases of vacation farms, shooting preserves, camping sites, etc. have to be made in Canada before Government or Farm Association programmes to promote rural recreational enterprises can be undertaken. Cet article examine le pour et le contre de la question de ľusage de terrains agricoles comme lieux de récréation. Les bases des conflits et des bénéfices y sont discuiées. La majeure partie de la recherche sur ce sujet est américaine quoi qu'il y ait quelques etudes anglaises. La ferme où on peul aller passer ses vacances est particulièrement soulignée car elle augmente le revenue rurale en méme temps quelle resoud le problème du besoin ďespace pour la récréation. La situation au Canada est décrile, Au moment, il y a peu de recherche qui se fail a ľUniversité et au niveau du government ou fédéral ou provincial. ľOntario et la Nouvelle Écosse semblent avoir de ľavance sur les autres provinces car on y trouve une plus grande variétéďentreprises visées à la récréation dans la campagne et plus ďintérét au sujet du développement de celles‐ci de la part des gouvernements provinciaux et des Sociétés Agronomes. Le problème que pose ľopposition du fermier au développement de la récréation rurale est discuté. Il nous faul avoir des études basées sur des exemples actuels au Canada (1) de fermes où on peul passés ses vacances, (2) de terrains à camping, (3) de chasses gardées, etc. avant que le gouvernemenl el les Sociétés Agronomes puissent mettre en oeuvre des programmes pour développer les enlreprises rurales de récréation.