bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of in vivo eccentricity and symmetry indices between metallic stents and bioresorbable vascular scaffolds: Insights from the ABSORB and SPIRIT trials
Authors: Brugaletta Salvatore , Gomez‐Lara Josep , Diletti Roberto , Farooq Vasim , Jan van Geuns Robert , de Bruyne Bernard , Dudek Dariusz , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , Ormiston John A. , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective: To compare the geometrical parameters of a bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) with a standard metallic stent. Background: The introduction of polymeric bioresorbable materials in the design of novel coronary scaffolds may affect some geometrical parameters, such as eccentricity and symmetry indices, previously introduced as IVUS criteria for optimal metallic stent deployment. Methods: From ABSORB Cohort A, ABSORB Cohort B, SPIRIT I, and SPIRIT II, all patients implanted with BVS 1.0, BVS 1.1, or XIENCE V, respectively and intravascular ultrasound analyses post‐implantation were selected. The eccentricity index was calculated frame by frame and expressed as an average per device (minimum diameter/maximum diameter). The symmetry index of the device was reported as ([maximum diameter − minimum diameter]/maximum diameter).Six months major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were analyzed. Results: A total of 242 patients were selected (BVS 1.0: n = 28, BVS 1.1: n = 94, XIENCE V: n = 120). The BVS exhibited a significantly lower eccentricity index (BVS 1.0: 0.83 ± 0.09; BVS 1.1: 0.85 ± 0.08; XIENCE V: 0.90 ± 0.06; P < 0.01) and a significantly higher symmetry index (BVS 1.0: 0.30 ± 0.07; BVS 1.1: 0.31 ± 0.06, XIENCE V 0.26 ± 0.07; P < 0.01) as compared to the XIENCE V. An inverse correlation was found between the symmetry and eccentricity indices for both (BVS r = −0.69, P < 0.01; XIENCE V r = −0.61, P < 0.01). No differences in MACE were detected between the groups according to their geometrical parameters. Conclusions: The introduction of a new polymeric material in the design of BVS resulted in a lower eccentricity index and a higher symmetry index as compared to metallic stents, without detectable impact in MACE, at 6 months. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimally invasive transradial intervention using sheathless standard guiding catheters
Authors: From Aaron M. , Bell Malcolm R. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Gulati Rajiv 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives: We evaluated a sheathless transradial technique for interventions using standard five and six French nonhydrophilic guiding catheters.Background: Miniaturization of transradial interventions may serve to improve patient comfort and reduce the risk of access‐site complications. Guiding catheters carry an outer diameter approximately 2 Fr sizes smaller than their corresponding introducer sheaths.Methods: We identified consecutive patients who underwent transradial intervention between August 2010 and December 2010 using 5 or 6 Fr guides with a sheathless technique.Results: A total of 11 patients were identified (mean age 70.7 ± 10.9 years; 73% male). Single coronary intervention was performed in 10 patients and renal artery intervention in one. Right radial access and 6 Fr guide catheters were used in the majority (each 73%). Five techniques were used to create an inner dilator as the taper. Four of these inner tapers (standard diagnostic catheters, hydrophilic diagnostic catheters, long sheath dilators and guide extensions) enabled successful sheathless guide insertion in all 10 patients attempted. One technique (a partially inflated angioplasty balloon protruding from the guide) attempted in one patient was unsuccessful. All interventional procedures were successful, there were no radial artery access‐site complications and in no case was cross‐over to femoral artery access‐site required.Conclusion: Sheathless transradial intervention using standard 5 and 6 Fr guiding catheters is a safe and effective method for treatment of coronary and peripheral vascular lesions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrocardiographic changes and arrhythmias following percutaneous atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale device closure
Authors: Johnson Jonathan N. , Marquardt Michelle L. , Ackerman Michael J. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Reeder Guy S. , Cabalka Allison K. , Cetta Frank , Hagler Donald J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives: To compare pre‐ and post‐procedure electrocardiograms (ECGs) in a large cohort of patients after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO). Background: Percutaneous device closure of ASD or PFO is commonplace. Conduction and rhythm anomalies associated with percutaneous device placement have been reported. Methods: We reviewed records for all patients who underwent percutaneous device closure of ASD or PFO at our institution from 1999 to 2008. Pre‐procedure ECG and Holter studies were compared to available short term (<2 months after placement) and intermediate follow‐up (>2 months) ECG or Holter. Results: Pre‐ and post‐procedural ECGs were available in 610 patients (305 females, average age 50 ± 18.1 years, range 1–91 years, 384 PFO, 184 ASD, 42 with multiple defects, mean device size 16 mm, range 5–38 mm). We report an incidence of 5.2% (32/610) of arrhythmias in the 4 months following device placement, including 29 patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs, 22 fibrillation, 7 flutter), 1 with junctional tachycardia, and 2 with heart block. Among other findings, the average P‐wave duration was increased on intermediate follow‐up as compared to early follow‐up (P < 0.001). Development of new‐onset 1st degree AV Block after the procedure was associated with an increased risk of ATs post‐procedure (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: We report a low risk of clinically significant post‐procedure arrhythmias after device placement. Clinically significant heart block occurred in only two patients (0.3%). Changes in several markers of atrial conduction were found, suggesting an effect of device closure on intra‐atrial conduction. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drug‐Delivery Strategies by Using Template‐Synthesized Nanotubes
Authors: Perry Jillian L. , Martin Charles R. , Stewart Jon D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEncapsulating drugs within hollow nanotubes offers several advantages, including protection from degradation, the possibility of targeting desired locations, and drug release only under specific conditions. Template synthesis utilizes porous membranes prepared from alumina, polycarbonate, or other materials that can be dissolved under specific conditions. The method allows for great control over the lengths and diameters of nanotubes; moreover, tubes can be constructed from a wide variety of tube materials including proteins, DNA, silica, carbon, and chitosan. A number of capping strategies have been developed to seal payloads within nanotubes. Combining these advances with the ability to target and internalize nanotubes into living cells will allow these assemblies to move into the next phase of development, in vivo experiments.
From Nanoplates to Microtubes and Microrods: A Surfactant‐Free Rolling Mechanism for Facile Fabrication and Morphology Evolution of Ag2S Films
Authors: Li Da‐Peng , Zheng Zhi , Lei Yan , Yang Feng‐Ling , Ge Su‐Xiang , Zhang Yi‐Dong , Huang Bao‐Jun , Gao Yuan‐Hao , Wong Ka‐Wai , Lau Woon‐Ming 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBy a simple and facile wet‐chemistry technique without any surfactant, various shapes of Ag2S crystals—including leaflike pentagonal nanoplates, crinkly nanoscrolls, hexagonal prismlike microtubes, and microrods—were fabricated in situ on a large‐area silver‐foil surface separately. Detailed experiments revealed that the Ag2S nanoplates were formed just by immersing the silver foil in a sulfur/ethanol solution at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and they subsequently rolled into nanoscrolls and further grew into microtubes and microrods under solvothermal conditions. Inspired by the natural curling of a piece of foliage, we proposed a surfactant‐free rolling mechanism to interpret the observed morphological evolution from lamellar to tubular structures. Based on these simple, practical, and green chemical synthetic routes, we can easily synthesize lamellar, scrolled, tubular, and clubbed Ag2S crystals by simply adjusting the reaction temperature, pressure, and time. It is very interesting to note that the current rolling process is quite different from the previous reported rolling mechanism that highly depends on the surfactants; we revealed that the lamellar Ag2S could be rolled into tubular structures without using any surfactant or other chemical additives, just like the natural rolling process of a piece of foliage. Therefore, this morphology‐controlled synthetic route of Ag2S crystals may provide new insight into the synthesis of metal sulfide semiconducting micro‐/nanocrystals with desired morphologies for further industrial applications. The optical properties of the pentagonal Ag2S nanoplates/film were also investigated by UV/Vis and photoluminescence (PL) techniques, which showed large blue‐shift of the corresponding UV/Vis and PL spectra.
Processes for the Elimination and Recovery of Phosphorus from Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Sabelfeld Marina , Geißen Sven‐Uwe 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDie Einhaltung sehr niedriger Phosphorablaufwerten und eine Phosphorrückgewinnung aus dem Abwasser sind zukünftige Herausforderungen für die kommunale Abwasserreinigung. Beim Vorliegen von günstigen abwasserseitigen Rahmenbedingungen und einem optimalen Prozessbetrieb können die konventionellen P‐Eliminierungsverfahren Ablaufwerte von ca. 0,5 mg L–1 Pges sicher und wirtschaftlich einhalten. Niedrigere Ablaufwerte sind durch Optimierung vorhandener oder Implementierung weiterer Eliminationstechniken erreichbar. Die Möglichkeiten zur Phosphorrückgewinnung werden anhand von zahlreichen Verfahren aufgezeigt. Dabei werden die Wahl und der Rückgewinnungsgrad des Verfahrens wesentlich von der vorliegenden P‐Eliminationstechnik mitbestimmt. Andererseits können die Maßnahmen zur P‐Rückgewinnung den Kläranlagenbetrieb beeinflussen.
Safety‐critical Java with cyclic executives on chip‐multiprocessors
Authors: Ravn Anders P. , Schoeberl Martin 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYChip‐multiprocessors offer increased processing power at a low cost. However, in order to use them for real‐time systems, tasks have to be scheduled efficiently and predictably. It is well known that finding optimal schedules is a computationally hard problem. In this paper we present a solution that uses model checking to find a static schedule, if one exists at all, which gives an implementation of a table driven multiprocessor scheduler. Mutual exclusion to access shared resources is guaranteed by including access constraints in the schedule generation. To evaluate the proposed cyclic executive for multiprocessors, we have implemented it in the context of safety‐critical Java on a Java processor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis on Hierarchically Structured Cobalt Nanoparticle/Carbon Nanofiber/Carbon Felt Composites
Authors: Zarubova Sarka , Rane Shreyas , Yang Jia , Yu Yingda , Zhu Ye , Chen De , Holmen Anders 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe hierarchically structured carbon nanofibers (CNFs)/carbon felt composites, in which CNFs were directly grown on the surface of microfibers in carbon felt, forming a CNF layer on a micrometer range that completely covers the microfiber surfaces, were tested as a novel support material for cobalt nanoparticles in the highly exothermic Fischer–Tropsch (F‐T) synthesis. A compact, fixed‐bed reactor, made of disks of such composite materials, offered the advantages of improved heat and mass transfer, relatively low pressure drop, and safe handling of immobilized CNFs. An efficient 3‐D thermal conductive network in the composite provided a relatively uniform temperature profile, whereas the open structure of the CNF layer afforded an almost 100 % effectiveness of Co nanoparticles in the F‐T synthesis in the fixed bed. The greatly improved mass and heat transport makes the compact reactor attractive for applications in the conversion of biomass, coal, and natural gas to liquids.
Reduced‐rank space–time adaptive interference suppression for navigation systems based on QR decomposition and approximations of basis functions
Authors: Xiao Hui , de Lamare Rodrigo C. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel reduced‐rank space–time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithm for interference suppression in global positioning system (GPS) receivers with low computational complexity for protection against the multipath and jamming interferences. The proposed STAP algorithm is based on the least‐squares (LS) criterion to jointly optimize a projection matrix, which is used for dimensionality reduction, and the reduced‐rank filter. The main novelties are the design of the projection matrix based on approximations of basis functions, the pattern matching between the projection matrix and the received data, and the derivation of a QR decomposition‐based reduced‐rank recursive LS algorithm for practical implementations. The proposed scheme works on an instantaneous basis, i.e. at each time instant, the most suitable pattern and the rank of the projection matrix are selected to reduce the dimensionality of the received data aiming at minimizing the squared error, while using an improved search algorithm to save the effort in finding the best projection matrix. Simulation results in a GPS system show that compared to existing reduced‐rank and full‐rank algorithms, the proposed algorithm has a much lower computational complexity, and remarkably better performance for interference suppression. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Throughput and delay limits of chirp spread spectrum‐based IEEE 802.15.4a
Authors: Ullah Niamat , Sanaullah Chowdhury M. , Khan Pervez , Ullah Sana , Kwak Kyung Sup 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYThe IEEE 802.15.4 standard is designed to provide a low‐power, low data rate protocol offering a high reliability. As an amendment to this standard, IEEE 802.15.4a introduces new options for physical layer to enable precision ranging. In this work, we analyzed the theoretical throughput and delay bounds of the unslotted version of chirp spread spectrum PHY‐based 802.15.4a. The formulae for transmission between one sender and one receiver for an ideal channel with no transmission errors are given. The throughput and delay bounds are derived for different frequency bands and data rates. Additionally, to measure spectral utilization, we measured the bandwidth efficiency for both the standards. We also compared our results with IEEE 802.15.4. The comparative analysis concludes that the performance of 802.15.4a exceeds 802.15.4 in terms of throughput and delay. The analytical results of throughput are verified by computer simulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring calcitonin in washout of the needle in patients undergoing fine needle aspiration with suspicious medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Trimboli P. , Rossi F. , Baldelli R. , Laurenti O. , Nigri G. , Ventura C. , Appetecchia M. , Attanasio D. , Romanelli F. , Guidobaldi L. , Guarino M. , Crescenzi A. , Valabrega S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCalcitonin measurement in washout of the needle after aspiration (WO‐Ct) has been rarely evaluated. Here we analyzed the role of WO‐Ct in a series of subjects who underwent fine needle aspiration (FNA) with suspicious medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Twenty‐one patients referred following elevated serum calcitonin (S‐Ct) or suspicious MTC by cytology. All patients underwent re‐evaluation of S‐Ct, FNA, and measurement of WO‐Ct. S‐Ct and WO‐Ct were assessed by chemiluminescence assay (IMMULITE 2000, Diagnostic Products Corporation, USA). S‐Ct showed elevated value in six subjects (mean 368.8 ± 373.9 pg/ml), of which three cases were cytologically classified as Class 5. WO‐Ct obtained in this group (304.0 ± 309.3 pg/ml) was no different from S‐Ct. After surgery MTC was confirmed in all patients. In the other 15 patients MTC was excluded by cytology or histology. Two subjects had moderately skewed S‐Ct with nonmedullary histology. In the remaining 13 patients S‐Ct resulted normal (6.2 ± 5.6 pg/ml) and WO‐Ct low (2.9 ± 2.2 pg/ml). Significant (two‐tailed P < 0.05, r2 = 0.27, 95% confidence interval = 0.017–0.81) correlation was found between S‐Ct and WO‐Ct in nonmedullary patients but not in MTC patients. This study showed that WO‐Ct can play a role in diagnosing primary and metastatic MTC. The procedure is easy, cost effective, and should be used in patients undergoing FNA with elevated S‐Ct. Further studies and guidelines for the method are needed to use this technique in clinical routine. Until this any institute should use itself cut‐off. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of GIST: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Maheshwari Veena , Alam Kiran , Varshney Manoranjan , Jain Anshu , Asif Siddiqui Farhan , Bhargava Shruti 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. The authors take this opportunity to report two cases of GISTs of large bowel diagnosed on cytology and confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic significance of immunocytochemistry on fine needle aspiration biopsies processed by thin‐layer cytology
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Zhao Linlin , Guo Huiqin , Pan Qinjing , Sun Yuntian 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo evaluate the significance of immunocytochemistry (ICC) performed on Thin‐Layer Cytology (TLC) preparations. During the period August 2004 to May 2010, 5,736 consecutive fine needle aspiration biopsies were processed by both conventional smears and TLC preparations, and 180 cases required further immunocytochemical staining to resolve diagnostic questions. TLC preparations were processed with the Thin‐Layer Cytology 2000TM Method (Cytyc Corp, Marlborough, MA). Conventional smears and TLC preparations were stained with HE. ICC staining was carried out on TLC slides. All 180 cases were processed successfully for ICC. In 161 cases (89.5%), ICC staining resulted in a definitive diagnosis, while in 19 cases (10.5%) the diagnosis was still inconclusive. About 148 (82.2%) of the cases also had tissue available for histological examination. Accepting the histologic findings as the true diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of the ICC diagnoses were 98.6 and 97.3%, respectively. ICC can be successfully applied on TLC preparations, and its results can be very useful for making diagnoses on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Building the blocks of executive functioning: Differentiating early developing processes contributing to executive functioning skills
Authors: Mandell Dorothy J. , Ward Sarah E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe neural processes that underlie executive function begin to develop in infancy. However, it is unclear how the behavior manifested by these processes are related or if they can be differentiated early in development. This study seeks to examine early emerging executive functioning skills in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) by using an error analysis approach where traditional measures of the tasks, as well as identification of major error patterns are related. Results show that during the infancy and early juvenile period, two processes that help support set‐maintenance could be differentiated: modulation of responses to novelty and persistence despite negative feedback. The results suggest that these two aspects of set‐maintenance were largely independent. Modulation of responses to novelty was most prominent in the infancy and early juvenile period. The ability to persist with a response set despite negative feedback emerged in the early juvenile period and was related to task performance until the end of the study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:796–805, 2011.
Lipids of oleaginous yeasts. Part I: Biochemistry of single cell oil production
Authors: Papanikolaou Seraphim , Aggelis George 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the first part of this review, the biochemistry of lipid accumulation in the oleaginous microorganisms is depicted. Lipid biosynthesis form sugars and related substrates is a secondary anabolic activity, conducted after essential nutrient (usually nitrogen) depletion in the medium. Due to this exhaustion, the carbon flow is directed towards the accumulation of intracellular citric acid that is used as acetyl‐CoA donor in the cytoplasm. Acetyl‐CoA generates cellular fatty acids and subsequently triacylglycerols. Lipid accumulation from hydrophobic substrates is a growth associated process, being independent from nitrogen exhaustion in the medium. Medium fatty acids are incorporated with various incorporation rates and are either dissimilated for growth needs or become “substrate” for intracellular biotransformations. “New” fatty acid profiles (in both extra‐ and intracellular lipids) that did not previously exist in the medium are likely to be produced. Oleaginous microorganisms consume their own storage lipids when their metabolic abilities cannot be saturated by the extracellular carbon source. Reserve lipid breakdown is independent from the type of the carbon source used for lipid accumulation. In most cases it is accompanied by lipid‐free biomass production. Lipid mobilization is a specific process, as preferential degradation of the neutral lipid fractions is observed.
Investigating the effects of conductivity on zone overlap with EMMA: Computer simulation and experiment
Authors: Stahl John W. , Catherman Adam D. , Sampath Ranasinghe K. , Seneviratne C. Aravinda , Strein Timothy G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate, using both experiment and simulation, how sample zone conductivity can affect plug–plug mixing in small molecule applications of electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA). The effectiveness of in‐line mixing, which is driven by potential, can vary widely with experimental conditions. Using two small molecule systems, the effects of local conductivity differences between analyte plugs, reagent plugs and the BGE on EMMA analyses are examined. Simul 5.0, a dynamic simulation program for CE systems, is used to understand the ionic boundaries and profiles that give rise to the experimentally obtained data for EMMA analyses for (i) creatinine determination via the Jaffe reaction, a reaction involving a neutral and an anion, and (ii) the redox reaction between gallate and 2,6‐dichloroindophenol, two anions. Low sample conductivity, which is widely used in CE analyses, can be detrimental for in‐line reactions involving a neutral reactant, as rapid migration of the ionic component across a low conductivity neutral zone results in poor reagent plug overlap and low reaction efficiency. Conversely, with two similarly charged reagents, a low conductivity sample plug is advantageous, as it allows field‐amplified stacking of the reagents into a tight reaction zone. In addition, the complexity of simultaneously overlapping three reagent zones is considered, and experimental results validate the predictions made by the simulation. The simulations, however, do not appear to predict all of the observed experimental behavior. Overall, by combining experiment with simulation, an enhanced appreciation for the local field effects in EMMA is realized, and general guidelines for an advantageous sample matrix can be established for categories of EMMA analyses.