bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug Free Workplace-A New Approach to HSE
Authors: Khan Danish 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Petroleum is essential component of our life but in spite of its great importance its recovery, transportation, processing and uses are all hazards to human health. Due to this reason and because of the very size and importance of petroleum industry, it is subjected to too much criticism. Therefore Health safety and environment has become an integral part of management policy of all the petroleum companies in order to implement corporate values and also to achieve business excellence.
In this regard the main philosophy and outlook pursued by the oil industry is aimed to not only minimize the harmful impacts of the industry on the human life and environment but also to maximize its beneficial aspects through the provision of comprehensive safety for its employees, facilities and equipments by the elimination of accidents and injuries through the removal of unsafe conditions and promotion of health and safety of individuals at all levels;and also the protection of environment as the greatest heritage of mankind.
In this paper a very important issue of health safety and environment is discussed which is given less importance but can cause serious accidents and fatalities. In this paper the management of a drug free work place is discussed along with its importance in creating healthy and safe working environment. It will also discuss that what type of steps are to be taken by the organization and the employees to help them remove the hazard which can be a source of great danger for them and environment.
In the end of the paper recommendations are given for having a drug free work place for contributing towards a sustainable development by having a clean and safe environment with a precautionary attitude by exercising responsible care.
Health Safety & Environment - Obligation, Responsibility and Care
Authors: Kikbayev Maxat T. , Hinton J. Jack , Brooke-Lander Melanie C. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
When it comes to health and safety in the workplace, oftentimes organizations make a substantial effort to only meet their legal obligations by producing the required paperwork to demonstrate they are in compliance. This "ticking the box" approach not only causes a potential misrepresentation of compliance, but generally fails to meet the right "duty of care" for the health and safety of employees. Regulations and the activities of regulators is good as it generates a minimum level of focus on health and safety, but reliance solely on norms or compliance with norms may give organizations a false sense of security that they are adequately caring for their employees, when they in fact, may not be. And, limiting health and safety to this kind of approach leaves no room for an organization to take the time to realize what a truly "HSE-Driven" organization should be doing to implement the right Duty of Care.
This is about right motivation. Managers should not be closing gaps only in fear of legalities. Both a corporate and personal moral responsibility, as well as genuine care for employees, takes its roots from the belief that each and every employee is doing things safely, on an unconditional basis. By doing right (safe) things at the right time an organization can efficiently get to the point where it is simultaneously in good standing with the law and genuinely protects the health and safety of each employee and the community.
The paper provides examples as to how Baker Hughes naturally lives according to globally accepted health and safety standards and practices, to not only meet its compliance requirement, but to simultaneously maintain its status of a fair and conscientious employer that can demonstrate its responsibility and care to its employees, customers, and the society.
Air Injection at Mordovo-Karmalskoye Field: Simulation and IOR Evaluation
Authors: Druganova E. V. , Surguchev L. M. , Ibatullin R. R. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
During last decades the air injection or the in situ combustion has found a wide application as a heavy oil IOR process in the world. The idea of the in-situ coal gasification process was initially suggested by Academician D.I. Mendeleev in 1888. In the 1930s Soviet scientists A.B. Sheinman and K.K. Dubrovai performed first attempts to initiate in-situ oxidation of oil in one of the Krasnodar region heavy oil fields. In the USSR successful heavy oil in-situ combustion (ISC) applications have been implemented at the Pavlova Gora field in Krasnodar and at Shodnitza field in Ukraine in the sixties. A review of the ISC heavy oil field application experience in the USSR will be given in this paper.
The Republic of Tatarstan has the largest in the Russian Federation resources of natural bitumen, ranging from 4 to 7 billion tons. Today the air injection process is conducted by the operator "Tatneft" on two field projects at Ashalchinskoye and Mordovo-Karmalskoye (MK) fields. Natural bitumen has been produced at MK field since 1978.
In this paper we will present results of our simulation study of the MK's ISC project. The simulation model of the pilot area including combustion and pyrolysis reactions, oxidation parameters was calibrated using available experimental data to match the production history of the field. The advanced dynamic gridding numerical solutions were used for modeling and history matching of the ISC process. Dynamic gridding allows achieving the accurate modeling and material balance calculations of the complex physical and chemical processes taking place at the combustion and displacement fronts in the reservoir under air injection. It allows the saving computer time required for the process modeling. Automatic history matching routines were used to properly calibrate matching parameters and to adjust the reservoir and the reaction characteristics of the simulation model.
The established simulation model can be used as a tool for the ISC process monitoring at the field. The model allows also to interpret and to evaluate the pilot results, to optimize its application and to predict the IOR potential.
First Successful Selective Tight Gas Reservoir Completion and Fracture Stimulation in Sarah Formation, Rub Al-Khali Empty Quarter of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bukhamseen Raid , Khakimov Ayrat , Sierra Leopoldo , Young Dustin , Machala Mark 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Lukoil Saudi Arabia started a tight gas exploration campaign in the Rub Al-Khali Empty Quarter in 2006 and nine wildcat exploration wells have been drilled and evaluated. These prospective tight gas discoveries in the Empty Quarter have occurred in High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) horizons at depths between 12,000 and 20,000 feet, where the stress and temperature are extremely high in addition to micro-Darcy levels of reservoir permeability. This has made the exploration activity more challenging.
To overcome the extreme challenges and to help assure the success of the exploration activity, a new drilling, completion, and fracturing strategy was implemented in one of the most recent wells. The synergy of the new strategy steps resulted in the first successful discovery in the Sarah formation.
This paper presents the open hole compartmentalized completion steps, as well as the selective fracture stimulation strategy and challenges that have lead to the first successful tight gas discovery in the Sarah formation.
Petrophysical Modeling of the Granular and Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Kozhevnikov D. , Kovalenko K. , Arsibekov A. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
One of petrophysics basic challenges is to proceed from empirical dependences studying to construction and studying of reservoir theoretical petrophysical models for their subsequent association with well log analysis and petrophysical models of well logs. However petrophysical analysis results are often used for empirical regression calculations and very rarely as a starting point for analytical description of reservoirs.
The described approach tends to move petrophysical interpretation from the empirical level to the level where petrophysical models describe common effects on the regular basis. First of all such models could be introduced for granular reservoirs. Petrophysical models that are analytically describing basic properties of a granular reservoir reduce the number of influencing parameters to only four synthetic characteristic parameters, namely: water- and oil-holding capacity of the framework, waterholding capacity of the cement and porosity of the framework. However, there is no information loss, and completeness of all specific reservoir properties variety description is kept as well. All used parameters could be directly measured or established in analysis of the total porosity - residual saturation dependence.
Established granular model could be considered as a background model. If fractures presented in core sample then petrophysical dependences behavior will be different from granular ones. It is possible to show theoretically that such difference could be used for the quantitative analysis of the fractured porosity. Several core collections from the Eastern Siberian reservoirs were analyzed and such possibility was proved.
The developed approach shows that deficit of the information in studying of complex reservoirs can be compensated by strictly proved petrophysical models instead of building empirical multidimensional petrophysical dependencies.
Integrated Approach to Hydraulic Fracturing of Achimov Formation in Western Siberia
Authors: Marino S. , Volokitin Y. , Khabarov A. , Mauth K. D. , Ishmeev T. , Mullen K. T. , Butula K. K. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Since its introduction in the petroleum industry, hydraulic fracturing has been one of the primary engineering tools for reservoir stimulation and well productivity enhancement. Creating a conductive channel in a reservoir to increase hydrocarbon recovery is a complex operation involving a variety of aspects including geology, petrophysics, production engineering, geomechanics, and fluid mechanics. Designing a treatment to achieve the desired fracture dimensions and orientation is intimately connected with rock mechanics.
A mechanical earth model was built in support of a hydraulic fracturing treatment performed on the Achimov formation in the West Salym oil field, Western Siberia, operated by Salym Petroleum Development. This deep and laminated formation is suspected to lie above water-bearing layers, which makes its stimulation technically challenging.
The study involved various petrotechnical skills. First, the modeling of the rock mechanical properties required standard wellbore measurements and acoustic logging. The calibration of the minimum horizontal stress profile was achieved by post-closure analysis of the minifracture performed before the main fracturing treatment, and by interpretation of temperature logs. Then, the fracture growth was simulated using hydraulic fracturing software. Analysis of the main treatment was augmented with bottomhole pressure (BHP) recorded by a memory gauge installed in the wellbore. The simulated BHP could thus be compared with and matched to the measured BHP in order to calibrate the fracture model. Finally, fracture mapping by the differential cased hole sonic anisotropy technique allowed for verification of the obtained geometry and the suspected orientation. This unique combination of measurements and analyses enabled a thorough evaluation of fracture parameters that can be extended to neighboring wells.
Geomechanics modeling has proven to be an invaluable tool in the struggle to understand and predict fracture growth, as well as to optimize fracturing treatments. The accuracy of the preliminary fracture design helped to define the best solution very early. By employing the described approach, remarkable knowledge was gained on the local state of stress, which will have a positive impact on reservoir management and field development planning.
Development of a New Logging While Drilling Resistivity Tool for Slimhole Applications in Russia
Authors: Lee Jonathan , Macune Don 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
With the increase in slimhole wellbores ranging from 93.2 mm to 123.8 mm being drilled, specifically within Russia, comes the need for logging while drilling (LWD) technology to provide real-time formation evaluation data to better analyze the reservoir and enable improved well placement. The authors describe the development of a 79.4 mm propagation wave resistivity system designed to facilitate the low cost drilling of small, shallow boreholes using coiled tubing drilling (CTD) technology, from which an 88.9 mm system was developed to address the Russian slimhole market. The technology described is available to all service companies, including those without the internal product development capabilities who previously relied on third party equipment to provide services.
The paper details the design and development of the LWD system which provides borehole compensated resistivity measurements from three sensor spacings. A description of the environmental testing performed on the tools to verify the design, along with the results of field tests in the United States are provided.
Logs acquired during the field test show how borehole compensated resistivity measurements can be calculated and presented without the need for the transmitter antennae to be positioned symmetrically either side of the receiver antennae. This unique antenna spacing design reduces the length of the collar when compared to other resistivity offerings in the industry, potentially enabling measurements to be positioned closer to the bit.
The introduction of the LWD technology for slimhole applications, including horizontal drilling and sidetracking, which contribute a significant proportion of wells drilled within Russia, significantly increases the ability to provide formation evaluation data in real time, enabling optimal well placement within the production zone. In addition, the ability to store resistivity data in memory can potentially reduce the dependency on wireline logging after the well has been drilled.
Justification of Applying Multilateral Wells in Samotlor Field
Authors: Sunagatullin A. F. , Arzhilovskiy A. V. , Manapov T. F. , Mikheev Y. V. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
In this paper the authors are providing a feasibility study of drilling multilateral wells (MLT) in Samotlor field. The main objective of MLT in Samotlor is to increase reservoir sweep and improve drilling economic effectiveness. To select priority targets a ranking was made through expert evaluation. The feasibility study was conducted for development targets based on sector dynamic models. Minimal required levels of MLT design complexity were chosen for MLT economic evaluation.
Work results allow taking a decision on the expediency of implementing MLT technology in the pilot block of Samotlor field, and also a range of additional efficiency of MLT wells versus horizontals wells (HW), depending on reservoir parameters.
The article provides a comparative analysis of HW and MLT performance efficiency. The paper includes conclusions on MLT technology efficiency, as well as MLT applicability limits for the Samotlor targets depending on reservoir parameters.
The criteria and approach used when appraising MLT can be applied to other fields.
Express Method of Oil Recovery Ratio Estimation on the Basis of Oil Reservoir Statistical Characteristics
Authors: Roschektayev A. P. , Yakasov A. V. , Krasnov V. A. , Toropov K. V. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
In present work we propose a rapid method of estimation the oil recovery factor in the condition of waterflooding, depending on the well spacing. This method takes into account the statistical information on lateral and vertical heterogeneity of the reservoir according to the exploratory well and reservoir analogs data, well placement scheme, methods of well completion (vertical, horizontal bore hole, hydraulic fracture), presence of complicating factors (gas cap, aquifer).
An optimal well spacing determination is a crucial problem of the field development design. Under a small amount of well data the using of the approach based on geological and hydrodynamic modeling may be ineffective because of the model's accuracy increase due to utilizing physically meaningful models can be fully decreased by the uncertainty of the interwell area structure.
The method proposed is based on the approximate correlations built by generalizing of the numerical experiments with the hydrodynamic reservoir model results. The heterogeneity of a pay zone distribution and properties is taken into account through the geostatistical simulation. Presented method has been tested on several oil fields.
Model of Present Development in Oil & Gas R & D Block
Authors: Ismagilov A. F. , Belkina E. Yu. , Volovetskaya D. V. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The presented paper provides the analysis of international and Russian experience in organizing the Research and Design (R & D) support in oil and gas production processes, the systematized approach to management and development of Corporate oil and gas R & D institutions (referred to as R & D Co.), original methods and tools of management and development, matrix of decision making while choosing the model of R & D Co. development in oil and gas industry.
The objective to build a Comprehensive model of R & D Co. development is based upon a set of issues: Definition of industrial stage, at which the decisions of R & D Co. are finally necessary to increase the production efficiency and to decrease the risks;Definition of R & D Co. rate of influence upon the industrial parameters of oil and gas companies;Definition of approaches to organize scientific and design support in oil and gas companies (dependent and independent R & D Co.);Choice of principles in organizing corporate R & D Co. (regionally distributed, centralized, mixed);Choice of organizational set-up of R & D Co., depending on a stage of its development;Definition of pricing procedures for the services of R & D Co.;Definition of stimulation procedures for the personnel of R & D Co.;Choice of the most effective tools to manage the operation of R & D Co.
The solution of the given problem is concentrated around the development and description of separate models, each of which corresponds to an independent topic from the total number of common issues related to development of R & D Co. in oil and gas industry: Industrial model;Organizational model;Economic model;Personnel model;Resource model;Model of management.
While choosing a model of development for R & D Co. it is necessary to take the following features into account: strategy and stage of development, natural features of regional activity, technological features (presence of various competences), and complexity of performed projects R & D projects.
The given paper provides the recommendations in decision making in choosing a development model for R & D Co. in oil and gas industry depending on various factors. The practical application of results is considered at the basis of OC «ROSNEFT» operation.
Instruction Films are an Effective Component of Personnel Training System
Authors: Rogal Ilya A. 
Published: February 2011

Presently, TNK-BP subsidiaries receive a great number of HSE documents (information letters, incident notifications, safety alerts, incident investigation reports, and lessons learned reports).
There are different methods used to bring information to notice of the Subsidiary's employees and contractors: Communication (issue and distribution of information letters; placing of Lessons Learned reports and presentations on servers and information stands; and safety meetings).Training: safety briefings; certification (check of personnel knowledge; seminars).Safety promotion (issue and distribution of safety alerts, brochures, multimedia presentations and instruction films).
Employees, however, have difficulties to perceive that much information in spite of ongoing safety assurance efforts.
Material and Completion Equipment Selection for HPHT Sour Gas Field Development in Indonesia : Case Study
Authors: Purwagautama Gustioro , Andika Rizky , McCalvin David , Pleshkov Dmitry 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The Lematang Block in South Central Sumatra have an estimated total reserve of 330 BCF, the expected production life of 10 years is of substantial importance to MEDCO the fields operator. Wells in this field contain 32% CO2, 100-ppm H2S, BHP of 10,500-psi and BHT 408 degF and are therefore categorized as HPHT gas wells. The initial two wells were completed by the previous operator using 22Cr tubular material and 13 Chrome based material accessories. However, operational difficulties from material deterioration were identified. Optimization of the completions durability with the consideration of the economics of the completions was of paramount concern when selecting the materials and the completion tool designs.
Barge Assisted Coiled Tubing in Malay Basin of South China Sea - Pilot Project Success Story
Authors: Razak M Hairi , Noordin F. M. , Yusoff Afendy , Wibisono R. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. (PCSB) operates a handful of small platforms at offshore Peninsular Malaysia, in the Malay Basin area, located in the South China Sea. Most of these platforms were designed with limited crane capacity of maximum 5 MT load and small deck space area that only suffice to accommodate slickline operations. After many years of production, the fields have started experiencing sand production, high water cut and a large skin factor. Thus, well interventions and treatments such as matrix stimulation, water shut off or sand clean out are required to sustain and enhance the production rate.
Coil tubing (CT) well intervention is the most effective method to achieve these objectives. However, with limited platform facilities, it is a tremendous challenge to have big CT equipments catered on board. The solution to this is to have a minimal number of equipments on the main deck whilst the crane lifting will need to be done from the barge. CT operation with barge assistance was evaluated and finally opted for to execute the jobs at PCSB's small fields. Throughout the operation, only the coil tubing injector head, jacking frame and CT control cabin were erected on the platform whilst the remaining equipments were stationed on the barge.
As this was the first CT barge assisted operation in the Malay Basin of South China Sea, two platforms were selected for the pilot campaign. The jobs objectives include water shut-off, wax and sand clean out that has a potential enhancement of 1000 bbl of crude. This paper describes the operational success stories, campaign preparation, proposed work programs, barge selection, jobs execution and project lessons learned.