bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Preterm Infants: Birth Outcomes and Health Care Utilization in the First Year
Authors: Bird T. Mac , Bronstein Janet M. , Hall Richard W. , Lowery Curtis L. , Nugent Richard , Mays Glen P. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To distinguish the effects of late preterm birth from the complications associated with the causes of delivery timing, this study used propensity score–matching methods on a statewide database that contains information on both mothers and infants.

METHODS:
Data for this study came from Arkansas Medicaid claims data linked to state birth certificate data for the years 2001 through 2005. We excluded all multiple births, infants with birth defects, and infants at &lt;33 weeks of gestation. Late preterm infants (LPIs) (34 to 36 weeks of gestation) were matched with term infants (37–42 weeks of gestation) according to propensity scores, on the basis of infant, maternal, and clinical characteristics.

RESULTS:
A total of 5188 LPIs were matched successfully with 15303 term infants. LPIs had increased odds of poor outcomes during their birth hospitalization, including a need for mechanical ventilation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.31 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.68]), respiratory distress syndrome (aOR: 2.84 [95% CI: 2.33–3.45]), and hypoglycemia (aOR: 1.60 [95% CI: 1.26–2.03]). Outpatient and inpatient Medicaid expenditures in the first year were both modestly higher (outpatient, adjusted marginal effect: $108 [95% CI: $58–$158]; inpatient, $597 [95% CI: $528–$666]) for LPIs.

CONCLUSIONS:
LPIs are at increased risk of poor health-related outcomes during their birth hospitalization and of increased health care utilization during their first year.
Winter climate change: a critical factor for temperate vegetation performance
Authors: Kreyling Juergen 
Published: July 2010

Winter ecological processes are important drivers of vegetation and ecosystem functioning in temperate ecosystems. There, winter conditions are subject to rapid climate change. The potential loss of a longer‐lasting snow cover with implications to other plant‐related climate parameters and overwintering strategies make the temperate zone particularly vulnerable to winter climate change.A formalized literature search in the ISI Web of Science shows that plant related research on the effects of winter climate change is generally underrepresented. Temperate regions in particular are rarely studied in this respect, although the few existing studies imply strong effects of winter climate change on species ranges, species compositions, phenology, or frost injury. The generally positive effect of warming on plant survival and production may be counteracted by effects such as an increased frost injury of roots and shoots, an increased insect pest risk, or a disrupted synchrony between plants and pollinators.Based on the literature study, gaps in current knowledge are discussed. Understanding the relative effects of interacting climate parameters, as well as a stronger consideration of short‐term events and variability of climatic conditions is urgent. With respect to plant response, it would be particularly worthwhile to account for hidden players such as pathogens, pollinators, herbivores, or fungal partners in mycorrhization.
Metals removal during estuarine mixing of Arvand River water with the Persian Gulf water
Authors: Karbassi Abdolreza , Nabi Bidhendi Gholam , Saeedi Mohsen , Rastegari Azadeh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the present study, the removal of dissolved and colloidal Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn in Arvand River water during estuarine mixing with the Persian Gulf water is investigated. The flocculation process was investigated for a series of mixtures with salinities ranging from 0.48 to 30.3^. The flocculation rates were indicative of the non-conservative behavior of studied metals during estuarine mixing. Rapid flocculation in the low salinity regimes was observed. The order of the final flocculation rate of metals in the river water was as follows: Co (91.2%)> Cd (86.9%)> Zn (83%)> Cu (75.2%)> Ni (74.3%). Salinity, pH, EC and dissolved oxygen do not govern the flocculation of metals during estuarine mixing. The results of the present investigation show that estuarine processes can be considered as an effective mechanism in self purification of colloidal metals that are anthropogenically introduced into the fresh water ecosystem.
Charles Darwin'sBeagleCollections in the Oxford University Museum
Authors: CHANCELLOR GORDON , DiMAURO ANGELO , INGLE RAY , KING GILLIAN 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYOne hundred and ten numbered lots of zoological specimens and several specimens of rocks collected by Charles Darwin during the second voyage of H.M.S. Beagle (1831–1836) are contained in the collections of the Oxford University Museum. The circumstances which led to their acquisition are outlined. Most of this material comprises “higher” crustaceans but a few other invertebrate groups are also represented. A systematic identification has been made of these specimens and their condition is briefly described.
Antoni Gaymans (ca 1630–1680) and his herbaria
Authors: HENIGER J. , SOSEF M. S. M. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY The Leiden pharmacist Antoni Gaymans made two herbaria. One dates from 1661 and includes many polynomials added by the English botanist William Sherard. A written statement from Thomas Molyneux states that the specimens were collected in the Leiden Hortus Botanicus. The second herbarium consists of three volumes and dates from 1669–1674 (-1676). The Leiden botanist Paul Hermann added many names. A comparison of its contents with an early catalogue of the Leiden Hortus and the presence of certain species leads to the conclusion that these specimens, too, probably originated in this garden. Many Mediterranean species and North American introductions are present in the herbaria. Five early introductions from the Cape of Good Hope are also present.
The invention and first use of stratigraphic cross-sections by John Strachey, F.R.S., (1671–1743)
Authors: FULLER J.G.C.M. 
Published: July 2010

Stratigraphic cross-sections, or horizontally extended representations of strata in profile, were introduced into scientific literature in the year 1719 by John Strachey, of Sutton Court, near Stowey Somersetshire, England. Before that time, English-language stratigraphical geology had been practised chiefly by drillers searching for coal, whose published records of vertical sequences of strata and of lateral correlations among subsurface borehole sections, go back to 1639.Strachey's sections were new in several ways: they were drawings rather than lists of strata, they represented true dips, and most importantly they demonstrated stratigraphic correlation in the subsurface and across landscape gaps, where for structural or topographic reasons the intervening strata were obscured or missing.To achieve such delineations in the form of drawings or “draughts”, Strachey assumed as selfevident that the strata were regular in their order of superposition and that they had lateral continuity through concealed areas. His published observations and measurements were widely copied, and William Smith, generally regarded as one of the fathers of geology, seems to have found significant inspiration among Strachey's writings.
Development of a System that Generates Structured Reports for Chest X-ray Radiography
Authors: Matsumura Y. , Mihara N. , Kawakami Y. , Sasai K. , Takeda H. , Nakamura H. , Hasegawa Y. 
Published: July 2010

Summary
Objectives: Radiology reports are typically made in narrative form; this is a barrier to the implementation of advanced applications for data analysis or a decision support. We developed a system that generates structured reports for chest x-ray radiography.
Methods: Based on analyzing existing reports, we determined the fundamental sentence structure of findings as compositions of procedure, region, finding, and diagnosis. We categorized the observation objects into lung, mediastinum, bone, soft tissue, and pleura and chest wall. The terms of region, finding, and diagnosis were associated with each other. We expressed the terms and the relations between the terms using a resource description framework (RDF) and developed a reporting system based on it. The system shows a list of terms in each category, and modifiers can be entered using templates that are linked to each term. This system guides users to select terms by highlighting associated terms. Fifty chest x-rays with abnormal findings were interpreted by five radiologists and reports were made either by the system or by the free-text method.
Results: The system decreased the time needed to make a report by 12.5% compared with the free-text method, and the sentences generated by the system were well concordant with those made by free-text method (F-measure = 90%). The results of the questionnaire showed that our system is applicable to radiology reports of chest x-rays in daily clinical practice.
Conclusions: The method of generating structured reports for chest x-rays was feasible, because it generated almost concordant reports in shorter time compared with the free-text method.
Moduli Spaces of Reflexive Sheaves of Rank 2
Authors: Kleppe Jan O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLet ℱ be a coherent rank 2 sheaf on a scheme Y ⊂ ℙn of dimension at least two and let X ⊂ Y be the zero set of a section σ ∈ H0(ℱ). In this paper, we study the relationship between the functor that deforms the pair (ℱ, σ) and the two functors that deform F on Y, and X in Y, respectively. By imposing some conditions on two forgetful maps between the functors, we prove that the scheme structure of e.g., the moduli scheme MY(P) of stable sheaves on a threefold Y at (ℱ), and the scheme structure at (X) of the Hilbert scheme of curves on Y become closely related. Using this relationship, we get criteria for the dimension and smoothness of MY(P) at (ℱ), without assuming Ext2(ℱ,ℱ) = 0. For reflexive sheaves on Y = ℙ3 whose deficiencymodule M = H*1 (ℱ) satisfies 0Ext2(M,M) = 0 (e.g., of diameter at most 2), we get necessary and sufficient conditions of unobstructedness that coincide in the diameter one case. The conditions are further equivalent to the vanishing of certain graded Betti numbers of the free graded minimal resolution of H*0 (ℱ). Moreover, we show that every irreducible component of Mℙ3 (P) containing a reflexive sheaf of diameter one is reduced (generically smooth) and we compute its dimension. We also determine a good lower bound for the dimension of any component of Mℙ3 (P) that contains a reflexive stable sheaf with “small” deficiency module M.
Sex differences in relational and overt aggression in the late elementary school years
Authors: Kistner Janet , Counts‐Allan Carla , Dunkel Stephanie , Drew Catherine Hardee , David‐Ferdon Corinne , Lopez Cristina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSex differences in relational and overt aggression among 3rd (n=176), 4th (n=179), and 5th graders (n=145) from three public schools (n=500; 278 girls) were examined. Nominations of relational aggression increased over time among 4th and 5th grade girls, but not among boys or 3rd grade girls. Among 3rd graders, boys received more nominations for relational aggression than girls. By the end of the 5th grade, girls received more relational aggression nominations than boys. There was also a significant rise in nominations of overt aggression among 5th grade girls, but not among 5th grade boys or younger boys and girls. As expected, boys were more likely than girls to be nominated for overt aggression at all grade levels. The findings are helpful for explaining inconsistencies of earlier research pertaining to sex differences in relational aggression and for advancing our understanding of the causes of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 36:282–291, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effects of Moisture in Low‐Voltage Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Gated with a Hydrous Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Kaihovirta Nikolai , Aarnio Harri , Wikman Carl‐Johan , Wilén Carl‐Eric , Österbacka Ronald 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe concept of using ion conducting membranes (50–150 μm thick) for gating low‐voltage (1 V) organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) is attractive due to its low‐cost and large‐area manufacturing capabilities. Furthermore, the membranes can be tailor‐made to be ion conducting in any desired way or pattern. For the electrolyte gated OFETs in general, the key to low‐voltage operation is the electrolyte “insulator” (the membrane) that provides a high effective capacitance due to ionic polarization within the insulator. Hydrous ion conducting membranes are easy to process and readily available. However, the role of the water in combination with the polymeric semiconductor has not yet been fully clarified. In this work electrical and optical techniques are utilized to carefully monitor the electrolyte/semiconductor interface in an ion conducting membrane based OFET. The main findings are that 1) moisture plays a major part in the transistor operation and careful control of both the ambient atmosphere and the potential differences between the electrodes are required for stable and consistent device behavior, 2) the obtained maximum effective capacitance (5 μF cm−2) of the membrane suggests that the electric double layer is distributed over a broad region within the polyelectrolyte, and 3) electromodulation spectroscopy combined with current–voltage characteristics provide a method to determine the threshold gate voltage from an electrostatic field‐effect doping to a region of (irreversible) electrochemical perturbation of the polymeric semiconductor.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl Amination Reactions of 6‐Bromo‐ and 6‐Chloropurine Nucleosides
Authors: Thomson Paul F. , Lagisetty Pallavi , Balzarini Jan , De Clercq Erik , Lakshman Mahesh K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed CN bond forming reactions of 6‐bromo‐ as well as 6‐chloropurine ribonucleosides and the 2′‐deoxy analogues with arylamines are described. Efficient conversions were observed with palladium(II) acetate/Xantphos/cesium carbonate, in toluene at 100 °C. Reactions of the bromonucleoside derivatives could be conducted at a lowered catalytic loading [5 mol% Pd(OAc)2/7.5 mol% Xantphos], whereas good product yields were obtained with a higher catalyst load [10 mol% Pd(OAc)2/15 mol% Xantphos] when the chloro analogue was employed. Among the examples evaluated, silyl protection for the hydroxy groups appears better as compared to acetyl. The methodology has been evaluated via reactions with a variety of arylamines and by synthesis of biologically relevant deoxyadenosine and adenosine dimers. This is the first detailed analysis of aryl amination reactions of 6‐chloropurine nucleosides, and comparison of the two halogenated nucleoside substrates.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized 4H‐Chromenes and Dihydrocoumarins Based on Copper(II) Bromide‐Catalyzed CC Coupling of Benzylic Alcohols with Ketene Dithioacetals
Authors: Liang Deqiang , Wang Mang , Bekturhun Bahargul , Xiong Binbin , Liu Qun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of polyfunctionalized 4H‐chromenes 3 and dihydrocoumarins 4 has been developed from the same substrates. Catalyzed by copper(II) bromide (0.3 equiv.), the reactions of the easily available ketene dithioacetals 1 with 2‐(hydroxymethyl)phenols 2 lead to 4H‐chromenes 3 in high to excellent yields in dichloromethane solvent, whereas, 3,4‐trans‐disubstituted dihydrocoumarins 4 are obtained in high yields with high diastereoselectivities by prolonging the reaction time or changing the solvent from dichloromethane to acetonitrile.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Intermolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Alkynes Catalysed by Cationic Gold(I) Complexes
Authors: Corma Avelino , Ruiz Violeta R. , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio , Sabater María J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVinyl ethers and ketals are obtained from the reaction of phenylacetylene derivatives and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) with alcohols in good yields and levels of stereoselectivity by using cationic gold(I)‐phosphine complexes as catalysts. By choosing the appropriate phosphine, the selective formation of the Z or the E isomer of the vinyl ether can be tuned, and the undesired formation of the ketal can be controlled. The isomerisation of fumarates (Z‐isomer) to maleates (E‐isomer) is a gold‐catalysed process that can be conducted in one‐pot. When using polyols, 5‐membered cyclic ketals are easily isolated by extraction with hexane and the gold complex can be reused.
Palladium on Carbon‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzil Derivatives from 1,2‐Diarylalkynes with DMSO and Molecular Oxygen as Dual Oxidants
Authors: Mori Shigeki , Takubo Masato , Yanase Takayoshi , Maegawa Tomohiro , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA palladium on carbon (Pd/C)‐catalyzed synthetic method for the preparation of benzil derivatives from 1,2‐diarylalkynes has been established using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and molecular oxygen as dual oxidants. Regardless of the electrical nature of the functional groups on the aromatic rings, 1,2‐diarylalkynes were oxidized to the corresponding benzil derivatives in high to excellent yields. Furthermore, the oxidation could efficiently be catalyzed by both the dry and wet types of Pd/C under atmospheric conditions.
Applicability domains and accuracy of prediction of soft sensor models
Authors: Kaneko Hiromasa , Arakawa Masamoto , Funatsu Kimito 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoft sensors are used to estimate process variables that are difficult to measure online. However, the predictive accuracy gradually decreases with changes in the state of chemical plants. Regression models can be updated, but if the model is updated with abnormal data, the predictive ability deteriorates. In practice, when the prediction error of an objective variable exceeds a threshold, an abnormal situation is detected. However, no effective method exists to decide this threshold. We have proposed a method to estimate the relationships between applicability domains and the accuracy of prediction of soft sensor models quantitatively. The larger the distances to models (DMs), the lower the estimated accuracy of prediction. Hence, the model between DMs and accuracy can separate variations in process variables and y‐analyzer fault. This method was applied to real industrial data. The fault detection ability of the proposed method was better than that of the traditional one. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Conductance of inhomogeneous systems: Real‐time dynamics
Authors: Branschädel A. , Schneider G. , Schmitteckert P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNumerical time evolution of transport states using time dependent Density Matrix Renormalization Group (td‐DMRG) methods has turned out to be a powerful tool to calculate the linear and finite bias conductance of interacting impurity systems coupled to non‐interacting one‐dimensional leads. Several models, including the Interacting Resonant Level Model (IRLM), the Single Impurity Anderson Model (SIAM), as well as models with different multi site structures, have been subject of investigations in this context. In this work we give an overview of the different numerical approaches that have been successfully applied to the problem and go into considerable detail when we comment on the techniques that have been used to obtain the full I–V‐characteristics for the IRLM. Using a model of spinless fermions consisting of an extended interacting nanostructure attached to non‐interacting leads, we explain the method we use to obtain the current–voltage characteristics and discuss the finite size effects that have to be taken into account. We report results for the linear and finite bias conductance through a seven site structure with weak and strong nearest‐neighbor interactions. Comparison with exact diagonalisation results in the non‐interacting limit serve as a verification of the accuracy of our approach. Finally we discuss the possibility of effectively enlarging the finite system by applying damped boundaries and give an estimate of the effective system size and accuracy that can be expected in this case.
Pd nanoparticles dispersed on solid supports: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity on selective hydrogenation of olefins in aqueous media
Authors: Lim Minkyung , De Castro Kathlia A. , Oh Seungchan , Lee Kangsuk , Chang Young‐Wook , Kim Hokun , Rhee Hakjune 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo types of Pd nanoparticle catalysts were prepared having 2–4 nm particle size using silica gel and porous polymer beads as solid supports. 2‐Pyridinecarboxaldehyde ligand was anchored on commercially available 3‐aminopropyl‐functionalized silica gel followed by Pd metal dispersion. Bead‐shaped cross‐linked poly(4‐vinylpyridine‐co‐styrene) gel was prepared by an emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine, styrene and divinylbenzene in the presence of ammonium persulfate and subsequently dispersing the Pd metal on the synthesized polymer. These catalysts were characterized by SEM, TEM and ICP techiniques with respect to appearance, size and possible leaching out, respectively. Furthermore, the reactivity of these catalysts was tested on hydrogenation of various α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds using aqueous solvent under a hydrogen balloon (1 atm). The results showed that the Pd dispersed on silica was a more efficient catalyst than Pd dispersed on polymer and the former could be recycled more than 10 times without considerable loss in activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on morphology control and how to affect mechanical properties of polyimide/silica hybrid films
Authors: Jiaqiang Qin , Zhen Li , Yi Gu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of polyimide (PI)/silica hybrid films were prepared by sol–gel method, using hydrolyzed tetraethoxysilane and poly amic acid‐imides (PAA‐Is), which were different imidization degree controlled by chemical imidization method. The imidization degree was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra and their corresponding morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that there are two kinds of silica particles and their formative morphology obeys the double phase separation mechanism. According to the increase of PAA‐I imidization degree, amount of nano silica particles decreased and the diameter of macro silica particles increased in the hybrid films. Tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermal mechanical analysis results show that, according to the amount of nano silica particles increasing, the hybrids have the higher the mechanical properties, glass transition temperature (Tg), and thermal expansion coefficient. Through controlling PI/silica hybrid films microstructure, its mechanical properties can be controlled. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010