bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectacular Productions: Community and Commodity in the Beijing Olympics
Authors: HUBBERT JENNIFER 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article examines how Chinese intellectuals experienced the 2008 Beijing Olympics, arguing that the games were a key site for the construction and analysis of two forms of spectacle—the commodity spectacle and the collective spectacle. Considering the case studies of Olympic architecture and traditional Chinese products (laozihao), it suggests that “culture,” debated and defined within the context of the Olympics, emerged as a mechanism through which the commodity spectacle was, albeit perhaps paradoxically, used to produce moments of national collectivity for intellectuals in contemporary China. This research also suggests that although this collective form represents a classic Marxist commodity fetish, labeling the resultant form of that community “inauthentic” because of its commodity nature, represents a theoretical fetishization of the theory of the spectacle itself.
Systemic inflammation following non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Cei Silvia , Tonetti Maurizio , Paolantonio Michele , Serio Rossella , Sammartino Gilberto , Gabriele Mario , D'Aiuto Francesco 
Published: June 2010

Graziani F, Cei S, Tonetti M, Paolantonio M, Serio R, Sammartino G, Gabriele M, D'Aiuto F. Systemic inflammation following non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 848–854. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01585.x. AbstractAim: To describe the kinetics of serum inflammatory markers after a course of treatment comprising surgical and non‐surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP).Material and Methods: Fourteen CP cases received full‐mouth non‐surgical treatment and, after 6 months, at least two surgical sessions. Blood samples were collected at various time‐points after treatment. Blood markers of systemic inflammation/coagulation including leucocyte counts, C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid‐A (SAA) and D‐dimers and renal function (cystatin C) were determined using high‐sensitivity assays.Results: Periodontal treatment resulted in substantial reductions of the number of pockets, gingival bleeding and plaque at 3 and 6 months after non‐surgical therapy (p<0.001). Surgical therapy led to an additional reduction of periodontal pockets (p<0.01). Marked increases in the serum levels of CRP and SAA were noted 24 h after non‐surgical therapy (p<0.01) and periodontal surgeries (p<0.05). D‐dimer levels increased drastically 24 h after non‐surgical therapy (p<0.05). The drastic increase of CRP after non‐surgical therapy was greater than both the surgical therapy sessions (p<0.05).Conclusions: Patients undergoing periodontal treatment experience perturbations of systemic inflammation of a greater magnitude after non‐surgical than surgical periodontal therapy.
First‐line treatment with bortezomib rapidly stimulates both osteoblast activity and bone matrix deposition in patients with multiple myeloma, and stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro
Authors: Lund Thomas , Søe Kent , Abildgaard Niels , Garnero Patrick , Pedersen Per T. , Ormstrup Tina , Delaissé Jean‐Marie , Plesner Torben 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of bortezomib on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as on bone matrix deposition for the first time in bisphosphonate‐naïve, previously untreated patients with myeloma.Methods:  Twenty newly diagnosed patients received four cycles of bortezomib treatment, initially as monotherapy and then combined with a glucocorticoid from cycle two to four. Bone remodeling markers were monitored closely during treatment. Furthermore, the effects of bortezomib and a glucocorticoid on immature and mature osteoblasts were also studied in vitro.Results:  Treatment with bortezomib caused a significant increase in bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase and pro‐collagen type I N‐terminal propeptide, a novel bone formation marker. The addition of a glucocorticoid resulted in a transient decrease in collagen deposition. In vitro bortezomib induced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Differentiation but not proliferation was inhibited by glucocorticoid treatment.Conclusions:  Bortezomib used as first‐line treatment significantly increased collagen deposition in patients with multiple myeloma and osteolytic lesions, but the addition of a glucocorticoid to the treatment transiently inhibited the positive effect of bortezomib, suggesting that bortezomib may result in better healing of osteolytic lesions when used without glucocorticoids in patients that have obtained remission with a previous therapy. The potential bone‐healing properties of single‐agent bortezomib are currently being explored in a clinical study in patients who have undergone high‐dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.
Infants sleeping outdoors in a northern winter climate: skin temperature and duration of sleep
Authors: Tourula Marjo , Isola Arja , Hassi Juhani , Bloigu Risto , Rintamäki Hannu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of the study is to describe the relationships among thermal environment, skin temperatures and infants’ daytime outdoor sleep duration in northern winter conditions.Methods:  This study is a cross‐over observational study. Skin temperatures of three‐month‐old infants were recorded from seven skin sites continuously throughout outdoor (n = 34) and indoor sleep (n = 33) in the families’ homes. The duration of the sleep was observed, and temperature and the air velocity of the environment were recorded.Results:  Skin temperatures increased towards the end of indoor sleeping, whereas they decreased during outdoor sleeping. The cooling rate of mean skin temperature (Tsk) increased in lower outdoor temperatures (rs = 0.628, p < 0.001) in spite of increased clothing. On some occasions, cold extremities were observed, suggesting slight deviations from thermoneutrality. Sleep time was 92 min longer in outdoors than in indoors. However, outdoor sleep duration was shortened when the cooling rate of Tsk increased (rs = 0.611, p < 0.001).Conclusion:  The longest sleep was recorded outdoors when the cooling rate of Tsk was minimal. Restriction of movements by clothing probably increases the length of sleep, and a cold environment makes swaddling possible without overheating. A decrease in ambient temperature increased the cooling rate, suggesting that the cold protection of the clothing compensated only partly for the increased heat loss.
The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. X. Prevalence and origin in the birth‐year period 1999–2002
Authors: Himmelmann K , Hagberg G , Uvebrant P 
Published: June 2010

Abstract Aim:  The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and origin of cerebral palsy (CP), which is the tenth report from the western Swedish study.Methods:  A population‐based study covering 85 737 live births in the area in 1999–2002. Birth characteristics and neuroimaging findings were recorded, prevalence of CP was calculated and aetiology was analysed.Results:  CP was found in 186 children. The crude prevalence was 2.18 per 1000 live births. The gestational age‐specific prevalence for <28 gestational weeks was 55.6 per 1000 live births, whereas it was 43.7 for 28–31 weeks, 6.1 for 32–36 weeks and 1.43 per 1000 for >36 weeks. There was a female majority among children born at term and a male predominance in children born preterm. Hemiplegia accounted for 38%, diplegia for 32%, tetraplegia for 7%, whereas 17% had dyskinetic CP and 5% ataxia. Neuroimaging showed white‐matter lesions in 31% and cortical/subcortical lesions in 29%. The aetiology was considered to be prenatal in 36%, peri/neonatal in 42%, whereas it remained unclassified in 21%.Conclusion:  The decrease in CP prevalence observed since the 1980s had ceased. An increase in children born at term and in dyskinetic CP was found. In children born before 28 weeks of gestation, the prevalence decreased significantly. White‐matter and cortical/subcortical lesions dominated on neuroimaging.
Serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis invasive infection: analysis of the possible vaccination strategies for a mass campaign
Authors: Chiappini Elena , Venturini Elisabetta , Bonsignori Francesca , Galli Luisa , De Martino Maurizio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccine is available since 1999. In the absence of randomized controlled trials that support a specific schedule, each country has adopted different vaccination programmes. Hereby, we analyse positive and negative aspects of the different vaccination strategies.Conclusion:  While waiting for the introduction of other antimeningococcal vaccines, covering also for the Group B meningococci, further studies on effectiveness of an optimal schedule to be adopted in European countries are needed.
HOMA‐IR and QUICKI: decide on a general standard instead of making further comparisons
Authors: Rössner Sophia M. , Neovius Martin , Mattsson Anna , Marcus Claude , Norgren Svante 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  To limit further comparisons between the two fasting indices Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), and to examine their robustness in assessing insulin sensitivity.Methods:  A total of 191 obese children and adolescents (age 13.9 ± 2.9 years, BMI SDS 6.1 ± 1.6), who had undergone a Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (FSIVGTT), were included. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to compare indices in detecting insulin resistance and Bland–Altman plots to investigate agreement between three consecutive fasting samples when compared to using single samples.Results:  ROC analysis showed that the diagnostic accuracy was identical for QUICKI and HOMA‐IR [area under the curve (AUC) boys 0.80, 95%CI 0.70–0.89; girls 0.80, 0.71–0.88], while insulin had a nonsignificantly lower AUC (boys 0.76, 0.66–0.87; girls 0.75, 0.66–0.84). Glucose did not perform better than chance as a diagnostic test (boys 0.47, 0.34–0.60; girls 0.57, 0.46–0.68). Indices varied with consecutive sampling, mainly attributable to fasting insulin variations (mean maximum difference in HOMA‐IR −0.8; −0.9 to −0.7).Conclusions:  Using both HOMA‐IR and QUICKI in further studies is superfluous as these indices function equally well as predictors of the FSIVGTT sensitivity index. Focus should be on establishing a general standard for research and clinical purposes.
Vitamin D Status of term exclusively breastfed infants and their mothers from India
Authors: Agarwal N , Faridi MMA , Aggarwal A , Singh O 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:  (i) To measure 25‐OH vitamin D levels in term infants at 10 weeks and 6 months and to correlate with maternal vitamin D levels at 10‐week postpartum (ii) To evaluate infants at 6 months for rickets.Patients and methods:  A total of 179 exclusively breastfed infant–mother pairs 96 appropriate‐for‐gestational age (Group 1) and 83 small‐ for‐ gestational age infants (Group 2) recruited at 10 weeks. At 6 months, 52 in group 1 and 45 in group 2 were evaluated. Venous blood sample were collected at 10 weeks and 6 months in infants and at 10 weeks in mothers for calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and 25‐OH vitamin D estimation.Results:  Mean 25‐OH vitamin D levels of infants (n = 97) were 11.55 ± 7.17 ng/mL at 10 weeks and 16.96 ± 13.33 ng/mL at 6 months (p < 0.001). Mean vitamin D levels of infants in group 1 and group 2 did not differ at recruitment and 6 months (p > 0.05)). Maternal vitamin D levels in group 1 and group 2 were 8.89 ± 5.97 and 9.87 ± 6.44 ng/mL, respectively (p = 0.44). Significant correlation was observed between 25‐OH vitamin D of infants and mothers (p < 0.05). At 10 weeks, 55.67% infants, 70% mothers and at 6 months, 44.33% infants had vitamin D < 11 ng/mL. At 6 months, 16.49% infants developed rickets.Conclusions:  Exclusively breastfed infants and their mothers are Vitamin D deficient, hence the need to improve vitamin D status.
Chandra monitoring of UGC 4203: the structure of the X-ray absorber
Authors: Risaliti G. , Elvis M. , Bianchi S. , Matt G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We present a Chandra monitoring campaign of the highly variable Seyfert galaxy UGC 4203 (the ‘Phoenix Galaxy’) which revealed variations in the X-ray absorbing column density on time-scales of 2 weeks. This is the third, clear case, after NGC 1365 and NGC 7582, of dramatic NH variability on short time-scales observed in a ‘changing look’ source, i.e. an active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed in the past in both a reflection-dominated and a Compton-thin state. The inferred limits on the distance of the X-ray absorber from the centre suggest that the X-ray ‘torus’ could be one and the same with the broad emission line region. This scenario, first proposed for an ‘ad hoc’ picture for NGC 1365, may be the common structure of the circumnuclear medium in AGN.
The effect of the w-term on the visibility correlation and power spectrum estimation
Authors: Dutta Prasun , Guha Sarkar Tapomoy , Khastgir S. Pratik 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The visibility–visibility correlation has been proposed as a technique for the estimation of the power spectrum, and used extensively for small field of view observations, where the effect of the w-term is usually ignored. We consider power spectrum estimation from large field of view observations, where the w-term can have a significant effect. Our investigation shows that a non-zero w manifests itself as a modification of the primary aperture function of the instrument. Using a Gaussian primary beam, we show that the modified aperture is an oscillating function with a Gaussian envelope. We show that the two-visibility correlation (visibility variance) reproduces the power spectrum beyond a certain baseline given by the width, Uw, of the modified aperture. Further, for a given interferometer, the maximum Uw remains independent of the frequencies of observation. This suggests that the incorporation of a large field of view in radio interferometric observations has a greater effect for larger observing wavelengths.
Biochemical Aspects of X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Kemp Stephan , Wanders Ronald 
Published: June 2010

AbstractX‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) is the most common peroxisomal disorder. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of very long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFA; >C22) in plasma and tissues. X‐ALD is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding ALDP, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding‐cassette (ABC) transporter located in the peroxisomal membrane. In this paper, we describe the current knowledge on the function of ALDP, its role in peroxisomal VLCFA beta‐oxidation and the consequences of a defect in ALDP on VLCFA metabolism. Furthermore, we pay special attention to the role of the VLCFA elongation system in VLCFA homeostasis, with elongation of very long‐chain fatty acids like‐1 (ELOVL1) as key player, and its relevance to X‐ALD.
Pathomechanisms Underlying X‐Adrenoleukodystrophy: A Three‐Hit Hypothesis
Authors: Singh Inderjit , Pujol Aurora 
Published: June 2010

AbstractX‐adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) is a complex disease where inactivation of ABCD1 gene results in clinically diverse phenotypes, the fatal disorder of cerebral ALD (cALD) or a milder disorder of adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN). Loss of ABCD1 function results in defective beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) resulting in excessive accumulation of VLCFA, the biochemical “hall mark” of X‐ALD. At present, the ABCD1‐mediated mechanisms that determine the different phenotype of X‐ALD are not well understood. The studies reviewed here suggest for a “three‐hit hypothesis” for neuropathology of cALD. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with these three phases of cALD disease should facilitate the development of effective pharmacological therapeutics for X‐ALD.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy in X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Cartier Nathalie , Aubourg Patrick 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only therapeutic approach that can arrest cerebral demyelination of X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) in boys and results in long‐term in a good quality of life, provided the procedure is performed at an early stage of disease. Similar benefits of allogeneic HSCT have been demonstrated in adults with cerebral ALD. However, it is not yet known whether allogeneic HSCT can prevent or rescue adrenomyeloneuropathy. Allogeneic HSCT remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality risks, particularly in adults, and not all ALD patients have donors despite the availability of cord blood. The absence of biological markers that can predict the evolutivity of cerebral disease is a major limitation to propose in due time allogeneic HSCT to ALD patients. Recently, HSC gene therapy using lentiviral vector was shown to have comparable efficacy than allogeneic HSCT in two boys with cerebral ALD who had no Human‐leukocyte‐antigen (HLA)‐matched donor. If these results are confirmed in an extended series of patients, HSC gene therapy may become the first therapeutic option for all ALD male patients who develop cerebral demyelination.
Benefits of self‐monitoring blood glucose in the management of new‐onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus: The St Carlos Study, a prospective randomized clinic‐based interventional study with parallel groups
Authors: DURÁN Alejandra , MARTÍN Patricia , RUNKLE Isabelle , PÉREZ Natalia , ABAD Rosario , FERNÁNDEZ Mercedes , DEL VALLE Laura , SANZ Maria Fuencisla , CALLE‐PASCUAL Alfonso Luis 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground:  Intensive treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the moment of diagnosis facilitates β‐cell recovery. Self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)‐based educational and pharmacological intervention may be better than conventional HbA1c algorithms in the treatment of newly diagnosed T2DM.Methods:  Newly diagnosed T2DM patients were randomized to either an SMBG‐based intervention or an HbA1c‐based control group (n = 99 and 62, respectively) and were followed for 1 year.Results:  Higher rates of diabetes regression (HbA1c < 6% on metformin alone) and remission (HbA1c between 6.0% and 6.4%) were achieved in the intervention compared with the control group (39% vs 5% (P < 0.001) and 37% vs 30% (P < 0.01), respectively). Furthermore, significantly greater reductions in median HbA1c (6.6% to 6.1%; P < 0.05) and body mass index (29.6–27.9 kg/m2; P < 0.001) were seen in the intervention over the 1 year of therapy. The percentage of patients achieving a lifestyle score >12 was significantly greater in the SMBG compared with the control group (38.4% vs 9.7% respectively; P < 0.001). An inverse correlation was observed between SMBG and HbA1c levels (P < 0.04).Conclusions:  The results indicate that SMBG‐based structured educational and pharmacological programs empower patients to achieve nutritional and physical activity goals, and encourage physicians and patients to use SMBG to optimize therapy. We believe that the concept of intensive treatment of T2DM patients should be modified; instead of referring to the type of treatment (insulin use), the term should reflect the intensity with which we work to reach glucose objectives.
coancestry: a program for simulating, estimating and analysing relatedness and inbreeding coefficients
Authors: WANG JINLIANG 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe software package coancestry implements seven relatedness estimators and three inbreeding estimators to estimate relatedness and inbreeding coefficients from multilocus genotype data. Two likelihood estimators that allow for inbred individuals and account for genotyping errors are for the first time included in this user‐friendly program for PCs running Windows operating system. A simulation module is built in the program to simulate multilocus genotype data of individuals with a predefined relationship, and to compare the estimators and the simulated relatedness values to facilitate the selection of the best estimator in a particular situation. Bootstrapping and permutations are used to obtain the 95% confidence intervals of each relatedness or inbreeding estimate, and to test the difference in averages between groups.
Which anatomical region determines a positive flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb in a nonlame horse?
Authors: KEARNEY C. M. , Van WEEREN P. R. , CORNELISSEN B. P. M. , Den BOON P. , BRAMA P. A. J. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study: The flexion test is used routinely as part of lameness and prepurchase examinations. However, little is known about the mechanisms that cause a positive response to a flexion test.Objective: To determine which anatomical regions play a role in a positive outcome of a flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb in a nonlame horse.Methods: Eight clinically sound Dutch Warmblood horses were subjected to a standardised flexion test (force 250 N, time 60 s) inducing a consistent lameness. To discriminate between different areas of the distal aspect of a forelimb, effects of various nerve blocks on the outcome of the flexion test were investigated. Low palmar digital, palmar at the abaxial aspects of the base of the proximal sesamoids, high palmar, ulnar and low 4‐point nerve blocks were performed. Flexion test induced lameness was scored before and after each nerve block in separate sessions.Results: The low palmar digital nerve blocks and nerve blocks of the palmar nerves at the abaxial aspect of the base of the proximal sesamoid bones had no significant effect on the flexion test induced lameness score. The ulnar, high palmar and, most dramatically, the low 4‐point nerve blocks all caused a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the flexion test induced lameness score.Conclusions: Anatomical structures (soft tissue nor synovial structures) located distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint appear to contribute only minimally to the outcome of a positive flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb in a clinically nonlame horse. The structures in the region of, and including, the metacarpophalangeal joint appear to contribute most to a positive flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb in a nonlame horse.Potential relevance: The flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb may be sensitive for investigating the metacarpophalangeal joint region in horses free from lameness, but may be less relevant for structures distal to this region.