bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of CO2 laser in the treatment of gingival fibromatosis: a case report
Authors: MASON C. , HOPPER C. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. A case is described of gingival fibromatosis in a 10‐year‐old boy, in which gingival tissue was removed using a CO2 laser. The advantages of this method over conventional surgery were minimal bleeding and pain, allowing treatment of all quadrants in one visit. The disadvantages were the potential risks to the teeth and to the endotracheal tube. In this case laser treatment achieved a good result with minimal post‐operative discomfort, which is an important consideration for children.Résumé.Description d'une fibromatose gingivale développée chez un garçon de dix ans et supprimée à l'aide d'un laser CO2. Les avantages de cette méthode sur la chirurgie conventionnelle sont un saignement et des douleurs minimes permettant le traitement des quatre quadrants en une seule fois. Les inconvénients sont les risques potentiels encourus par les dents et le tube endo‐trachéal. Dans le cas décrit, le traitement par laser a donné de bons résultats avec des douleurs post‐opératoires minimes, ce qui est très important chez un enfant.Zusammenfassung.Bei einem 10 Jahre alten Knabe wird eine gingivale Fibromatosis beschrieben. Mit einem CO2 Laser wurde die fibromatose Gingiva abgetragen. Die Vorteile dieser Methode gegenüber der üblichen chirurgischen Methode, ist das minimale bluten und fast kein Schmerz. Dies ermöglichte die Behandlung aller Quadrante in einer Sitzung. Der eventuelle Nachteil der Lasermethode ist das erhöte Risiko für die Zähne und der Trachea. In diesem Fall konnte ein gutes Resultat erziehlt weden ohne post‐operative Nachteile. Dies ist grosser Vorteil bei der Kinderbehandlung.Resumen.Se describe un caso fibromatosis gingival en un niño de 10 años de edad en el ecual la encía fue removida utilizando laser CO2. Las ventajas de este método sobre la cirugia convencional fueron menor sangrado, y dolor permitiendo el tratamiento de todos los cuadrantes en la misma visita. Las desventajas fueron el potencial riesgo a los dientes y al tubo endotraqueal. En este caso, el tratamiento con laser produjo un buen resultado con mínimas complicaciones postoperatorias el cual es una importante consideración en niños.
Caries experience of children aged 6–9 years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: ALAMOUDI N. , SALAKO N. O. , MASSOUD I. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. This study was conducted to examine the caries experience of children aged 6–9 years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Overall, 1522 children were examined from six primary schools located in different areas of the city. Results showed that the mean dmft and DFT were 4.23 and 1.85, respectively. The mean dmft and DFT values excluding caries‐free children, however, were 5.71 and 2.95, respectively. Only 26.1% of the children were caries free. There was a high proportion of untreated dental caries and most of the carious teeth were treated by extraction. The need for effective preventive measures was stressed.Résume.Expérience carieuse chez des enfants âgés de 6–9 ans à Jeddah, Arabie SaouditeCette étude porte sur l'expérience carieuse chez d'enfants âgés de 6–9 ans de Jeddah, Arable Saoudite. Mille cinq cent vingt deux enfants de six écoles primaries de différentes quartiers de la ville ont été examinés. Les résultats ont montré que le caod moyen et le COD étaient respectivement de 4.23 et 1.85. Les valeurs du carod moyen et du COD ne tenaient pas compte des enfants sans caries qui étaient de 5.71 et de 2.95 respectivement. Seulement 26.1 des enfants étaient sans caries. Une proportion importante de caries dentaires n'étaient pas traitées et la plupart des dents cariées étaient traitées par extractions. Le besoin de mesures de prévention efficaces est souligné.Zusammenfassung.Karies‐Erfahrung bei Kinder im Alter von 6–9 Jahre, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabien1522 aus 6 Primar‐Schulen, in verschiedenen Teilen der Stadt, wurden untersucht. Die Befunde zeigten dass der durchschnittliche dmft 4,23 war und der DFT 1.85. Aber die durchschnittliche dmft und DFT Werte bei welchen kariesfreie Kinder ausgeschlossen waren: 5,71 und 295. Nur 26.1% Kinder waren kariesfrei. Man fand einen hohen Prozentsatz unbehandelter kariöser Läsionen, und die meisten kariösen Zähne wurden extrahiert. Die Notwendigkeit von effektiven prophylaktische Massnahmen wurde betont.Resumen.Prevalencia de caries en niños de 6–9 años en Jeddah, Arabia SauditaEl objecto de este estudio fue examinar la prevalencia de caries en niños de edades compren‐didad entre 6 y 9 años, en Jeddah, Arabia Saudita. Se examinaron 1522 niños de seis escuelas primarias situadas en diferentes áreas geográficas de la ciudad. Los resultados muestran quo los principales valores dmft y DFT fueron 4.23 y 1.85, respectivamente. Los principales valores dmft y DFT excluyendo a los niños libres de caries fueron, sin embargo, 5.71 y 2.95 respectivamente. Solo el 26.1% de los niños estaban exentos de caries. Se encontró una gran proporcóon de caries dentales sin tratar y la mayoría de los dientes cariados fueron extraidos. La necesidad de efectivas medidas preventivas fue primordia.
MINI‐REVIEW: Habitat analogues for reconciliation ecology in urban and industrial environments
Authors: Lundholm Jeremy T. , Richardson Paul J. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. Current views of anthropogenic environments emphasize the extreme novelty of urban and industrial ecosystems. Proponents of reconciliation ecology argue that we need to use such habitats to conserve biodiversity, given the inadequacy of natural reserve systems.2. Some of the harshest anthropogenic ecosystems may be able to support indigenous biodiversity due to their structural or functional resemblance to natural ecosystems, habitats, or microsites that may be present in the region but not part of the historic ecosystem on a particular site. Here we review recent work that evaluates similarities between urban and industrial ecosystems and natural analogues, and explore the potential for these in reconciliation ecology.3. We find that artificial habitats represent a gradient of ecological novelty which may be independent of the degree of human influence. While hard‐surfaced habitats such as walls and quarries are the most investigated artificial analogues (of natural rock pavements and cliffs), there are many other examples spanning a range of habitats in both terrestrial and marine settings. Analogous ecosystems may be present in the region but limits to dispersal can prevent appropriate species from reaching urban or industrial sites, and small differences in abiotic conditions can sometimes prevent colonization by native biota in otherwise similar artificial habitats. We suggest that a search for habitat analogues represents an important principle to guide reconciliation ecology in urban and industrial lands. In constrast, analogous ecosystems may also support pest species that exploit the similarities between anthropogenic habitats and their ancestral habitats.4. Synthesis and applications.Identifying analogous habitats and ecosystems could enhance biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in anthropogenic environments. Abiotic and biotic differences between artificial analogues and natural systems can be frequently overcome by ecological engineering to make the environment more suitable for native biodiversity, and/or assisted dispersal to allow suitable native organisms to reach appropriate sites within artificial ecosystems. Altering some habitats to become less analogous may help reduce impacts of pest species in urban and industrial areas.
Surgical specialization and training – its relation to clinical outcome for colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Anwar Suhail , Fraser Sheila , Hill Jim 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Surgical sub‐specialization has been considered to be a major factor in improving cancer surgery‐related outcomes in terms of 5‐year survival and disease‐free intervals. In this article we have looked at the evidence supporting the improvement in colorectal cancer outcomes with ‘colorectal specialists’ performing colon and rectal surgery.Methods  A literature review was carried out using search engines such as Pubmed, Ovid and Cochrane Databases. Only studies looking at colorectal cancer outcome related to surgery were included in our review.Results  Specialist surgeons performing a high volume of colorectal cancer surgery demonstrated better 5‐year survival rates in patients, with less local recurrence. This was most evident in surgery for rectal cancer, where an association with increased sphincter saving surgery was also seen. Total mesorectal excision is now the accepted treatment for rectal cancer and has markedly improved survival rates and decreased local recurrence.Conclusion  The outcomes in colorectal surgery continue to steadily improve. The training of specialized colorectal surgeons is a major contributing factor towards this improvement.
An integrative approach to species discovery in odonates: from character‐based DNA barcoding to ecology
Authors: DAMM SANDRA , SCHIERWATER BERND , HADRYS HEIKE 
Published: August 2010

AbstractModern taxonomy requires an analytical approach incorporating all lines of evidence into decision‐making. Such an approach can enhance both species identification and species discovery. The character‐based DNA barcode method provides a molecular data set that can be incorporated into classical taxonomic data such that the discovery of new species can be made in an analytical framework that includes multiple sources of data. We here illustrate such a corroborative framework in a dragonfly model system that permits the discovery of two new, but visually cryptic species. In the African dragonfly genus Trithemis three distinct genetic clusters can be detected which could not be identified by using classical taxonomic characters. In order to test the hypothesis of two new species, DNA‐barcodes from different sequence markers (ND1 and COI) were combined with morphological, ecological and biogeographic data sets. Phylogenetic analyses and incorporation of all data sets into a scheme called taxonomic circle highly supports the hypothesis of two new species. Our case study suggests an analytical approach to modern taxonomy that integrates data sets from different disciplines, thereby increasing the ease and reliability of both species discovery and species assignment.
Homocysteine impaired endothelial function through compromised vascular endothelial growth factor/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase signalling
Authors: Yan Ting‐Ting , Li Qian , Zhang Xuan‐Hong , Wu Wei‐Kang , Sun Juan , Li Lin , Zhang Quan , Tan Hong‐Mei 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and has been recognized as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on endothelial function in vivo and in vitro, and the underlying signalling pathways.2. The HHcy animal model was established by intragastric administration with l‐methionine in rats. Plasma Hcy and nitric oxide (NO) concentration were measured by fluorescence immunoassay or nitrate reductase method, respectively. Vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were carried out on aortic rings. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with indicated concentrations of Hcy in the in vitro experiments. Intracellular NO level and NO concentration in culture medium were assayed. The alterations of possible signalling proteins were detected by western blot analysis.3. l‐methionine administration induced a significant increase in plasma Hcy and decrease in plasma NO. Endothelium‐dependent relaxation of aortic rings in response to acetylcholine was impaired in l‐methionine‐administrated rats. The in vitro study showed that Hcy reduced both intracellular and culture medium NO levels. Furthermore, Hcy decreased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at serine‐1177 and phosphorylation of Akt at serine‐473. Hcy‐induced dephosphorylation of eNOS at Ser‐1177 was partially reversed by insulin (Akt activator) and GF109203X (PKC inhibitor). Furthermore, Hcy reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in a dose‐dependent manner.4. In conclusion, Hcy impaired endothelial function through compromised VEGF/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase signalling. These findings will be beneficial for further understanding the role of Hcy in cardiovascular disease.
Systemic therapies for mucopolysaccharidosis: ocular changes following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or enzyme replacement therapy – a review
Authors: Summers C Gail , Fahnehjelm Kristina T , Pitz Susanne , Guffon Nathalie , Koseoglu Selim T , Harmatz Paul , Scarpa Maurizio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe management of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is focused on the multi‐organ, sometimes life‐threatening, clinical manifestations that occur over time. In the past, the limited, symptom‐based treatment options led physicians to adopt a palliative approach towards individual disease‐associated complications. The availability of systemic treatments such as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has created a better prognosis for MPS patients, particularly when initiated early in life. As part of an integrated management approach, these therapies could be valuable in managing the ocular features that are present in many children with MPS. HSCT has been shown to stabilize or improve corneal clouding and optic nerve oedema for the majority of patients. Retinal degeneration, in contrast, seems not to be permanently arrested. ERT was more recently introduced and has therefore been less well examined than HSCT; with respect to ocular problems in MPS, the majority of reports indicate stabilization of corneal clouding or visual acuity. However, controversy remains about its effect on other ocular pathologies. Despite the lack of consistent ophthalmic improvement for all patients, both treatment modalities deserve consideration, because even reducing MPS‐related eye disease progression is worthwhile.
Global patterns in the biogeography of bacterial taxa
Authors: Nemergut Diana R. , Costello Elizabeth K. , Hamady Micah , Lozupone Catherine , Jiang Lin , Schmidt Steven K. , Fierer Noah , Townsend Alan R. , Cleveland Cory C. , Stanish Lee , Knight Rob 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBacteria control major nutrient cycles and directly influence plant, animal and human health. However, we know relatively little about the forces shaping their large‐scale ecological ranges. Here, we reveal patterns in the distribution of individual bacterial taxa at multiple levels of phylogenetic resolution within and between Earth's major habitat types. Our analyses suggest that while macro‐scale habitats structure bacterial distribution to some degree, abundant bacteria (i.e. detectable using 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods) are confined to single assemblages. Additionally, we show that the most cosmopolitan taxa are also the most abundant in individual assemblages. These results add to the growing body of data that support that the diversity of the overall bacterial metagenome is tremendous. The mechanisms governing microbial distribution remain poorly understood, but our analyses provide a framework with which to test the importance of macro‐ecological environmental gradients, relative abundance, neutral processes and the ecological strategies of individual taxa in structuring microbial communities.
Choosing the correct side for Karydakis flap
Authors: Kulacoglu H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective  Choosing the correct side for Karydakis flap in treatment of pilonidal disease in certain cases.Method  When the cyst or diseased tissues appear deep into the opposite side it may create some annoying problems, like too thin skin edge, dead space and wound failure. Herein, a simple modification of skin incision marking to over‐come this potential problem is described.Conclusion  This simple technical offer could be useful when dealing with sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease in daily surgical practice.
Stratum corneum keratin structure, function and formation – a comprehensive review
Authors: Norlén L. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisA comprehensive review on stratum corneum keratin organization, largely based on the recently published cubic rod‐packing and membrane templating model [J. Invest. Dermatol., 123, 2004, 715], is presented. Keratin is the major non‐aqueous component (wt/wt) of stratum corneum. As 90–100% of the stratum corneum water is thought to be located intracellularly one may presume that keratin also is a major factor (together with filaggrin‐derived free amino acids) determining stratum corneum hydration level and water holding capacity. This water holding capacity depends in turn on the structural organization of the corneocyte keratin intermediate filament network. The cubic rod‐packing model for the structure and function of the stratum corneum cell matrix postulates that corneocyte keratin filaments are arranged according to a cubic‐like rod‐packing symmetry. It is in accordance with the cryo‐electron density pattern of the native corneocyte keratin matrix and could account for the swelling behaviour and the mechanical properties of mammalian stratum corneum. The membrane templating model for keratin dynamics and for the formation of the stratum corneum cell matrix postulates the presence in viable epidermal cellular space of a highly dynamic small lattice parameter (<30 nm) membrane structure with cubic‐like symmetry, to which keratin is associated. It further proposes that membrane templating, rather than spontaneous self‐assembly, is responsible for keratin intermediate filament formation and dynamics. It is in accordance with the cryo‐electron density patterns of the native keratinocyte cytoplasmic space and could account for the characteristic features of the keratin network formation process, the dynamic properties of keratin intermediate filaments, the close lipid association of keratin, the insolubility in non‐denaturating buffers and pronounced polymorphism of keratin assembled in vitro, and the measured reduction in cell‐volume and hydration level between stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.
Discount factors and the performance of alternative fisheries governance systems
Authors: Sumaila Ussif Rashid , Domínguez‐Torreiro Marcos 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe investigate the performance of different governance arrangements (command‐and‐control, self‐governance and co‐management) in terms of sustainability and conservation when the discount factor of the regulator is different from the discount factor of fishers. For exogenous discount factors, self‐governance management regimes do better than command‐and‐control in terms of the long‐term sustainability of the fish resources, if the fisher’s discount factor is higher than that of the regulator, and vice versa if the discount factor of the regulator is higher. Under the assumption of endogenous discount factors, the decision whether to promote a command‐and‐control management system or a self‐governance or co‐management structure will depend on: (i) the magnitude of the intertemporal preferences of both the fishers and the regulator; and (ii) the relative weight or political influence of the fishers on the regulators’ decision‐making process. Hence, this contribution highlights the possibility that command‐and‐control can be less sustainable than self‐governance and vice versa. It is therefore important to explicitly take account of intertemporal preferences in the decision‐making process if a governance system for a given fishery is to succeed. For many fisheries, it is difficult to know the ‘true’ discount factors of both fishers and governments, hence, the practical message from this paper is that to guide against over exploitation of fishery resources, it is prudent to put in place co‐management arrangements, since both discount factors, whatever they may be, will be weighted into the decision‐making process.
The effect of musical experience on emotional self‐reports and psychophysiological responses to dissonance
Authors: Dellacherie Delphine , Roy Mathieu , Hugueville Laurent , Peretz Isabelle , Samson Séverine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo study the influence of musical education on emotional reactions to dissonance, we examined self‐reports and physiological responses to dissonant and consonant musical excerpts in listeners with low (LE: n=15) and high (HE: n=13) musical experience. The results show that dissonance induces more unpleasant feelings and stronger physiological responses in HE than in LE participants, suggesting that musical education reinforces aversion to dissonance. Skin conductance (SCR) and electromyographic (EMG) signals were analyzed according to a defense cascade model, which takes into account two successive time windows corresponding to orienting and defense responses. These analyses suggest that musical experience can influence the defense response to dissonance and demonstrate a powerful role of musical experience not only in autonomic but also in expressive responses to music.
Effect of Modification of Membrane Phospholipid Composition on Phospholipid Methylation in Aggregating Cell Culture
Authors: Dainous Francine , Kanfer Julian N. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:The effect of the presence of nitrogenous bases in the growth medium of fetal rat brain aggregating cell cultures was investigated. The presence of either N‐dimethylethanolamine (MME) or N,N‐dimethylethanolamine (DME) in the growth medium resulted in significant increase of the corresponding phospholipid, phosphatidyl‐N‐monomethylethanolamine (PMME) or phosphatidyl‐N,N‐dimethylethanolamine (PDME). They represented 28% and 32% of the total phospholipids, respectively. The presence of the new phospholipids was accompanied by a significant decrease of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Cells grown in the presence of ethanolamine or choline had only barely detectable amounts of PMME and PDME. Intact cells previously grown with the bases were incubated with [methyl‐3H]methionine. Incubation of cells previously grown in presence of the bases MME and DME resulted in a marked increase of radioactivity in the corresponding phospholipids possessing one additional methyl group, PDME and PC respectively. The incorporation of S‐adenosyl[methyl−3H]methionine (AdoMet) was examined in cell homogenates incubated in presence or absence of either PMME or PDME acceptors. The addition of these exogenous phospholipids caused a three or fourfold stimulation of radioactivity incorporated into the total phospholipids of cells grown in the absence of nitrogen bases. The cells grown in presence of either MME or DME in the culture medium did not show an increased incorporation of methyl groups from AdoMet into the total phospholipids after addition of exogenous acceptors. This work suggests that MME and DME incorporated into the corresponding phospholipids function as effective substrates for phospholipid‐N‐methylation.