bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PPAR‐β facilitating maturation of hepatic‐like tissue derived from mouse embryonic stem cells accompanied by mitochondriogenesis and membrane potential retention
Authors: Zhu Dan‐yan , Wu Jia‐ying , Li Huan , Yan Jie‐ping , Guo Mei‐yuan , Wo Yan‐bo , Lou Yi‐jia 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRelatively little is known about mitochondria metabolism in differentiating embryonic stem (ES) cells. Present research focused on several elements of cellular energy metabolism in hepatic‐like tissue derived from mouse ES cells. We demonstrated that mitochondrial location patterns and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) existed in subsequent differentiation of the tissue. Mitochondriogenesis appeared at the early stage and kept a normal ΔΨm in differentiated mature hepatocytes. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α) expression was transitorily increased at the beginning, and kept a relatively low level later, which accompanied by expression of PPAR‐γ coactivator (PGC)‐1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. PPAR‐β expression showed robust up‐regulation in the late differentiation course. Enhanced co‐expressions of PPAR‐β and albumin with catalysis of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) were observed at mature stage. While PPAR‐γ expression changed little before and after differentiation. Mitochondriogenesis could be accelerated by PPAR‐α specific agonist WY14643 and abolished by its antagonist GW6471 at the early stage. Neither of them affected mitochondrial ΔΨm and albumin generation in the differentiated hepatocytes. Furthermore, maturation of hepatic‐like tissue and mitochondriogenesis in hepatocyte could be efficiently stimulated by PPAR‐β specific agonist L165041 and abolished by PPAR‐β specific antagonist GSK0660, but not affected by PPAR‐γ specific agonist GW1929. In conclusion, the derived hepatic tissue morphologically possessed cellular energy metabolism features. PPAR‐α seemed only necessary for early mitochondriogenesis, while less important for ΔΨm retention in the mature tissue derived. The stimulation of PPAR‐β but not ‐γ enhanced hepatogenesis, hepatocytes maturation, and mitochondriogenesis. PPAR‐β took an important role in cellular energy metabolism of hepatogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 498–508, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mindfulness intervention for child abuse survivors
Authors: Kimbrough Elizabeth , Magyari Trish , Langenberg Patricia , Chesney Margaret , Berman Brian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwenty‐seven adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse participated in a pilot study comprising an 8‐week mindfulness meditation‐based stress reduction (MBSR) program and daily home practice of mindfulness skills. Three refresher classes were provided through final follow‐up at 24 weeks. Assessments of depressive symptoms, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and mindfulness, were conducted at baseline, 4, 8, and 24 weeks. At 8 weeks, depressive symptoms were reduced by 65%. Statistically significant improvements were observed in all outcomes post‐MBSR, with effect sizes above 1.0. Improvements were largely sustained until 24 weeks. Of three PTSD symptom criteria, symptoms of avoidance/numbing were most greatly reduced. Compliance to class attendance and home practice was high, with the intervention proving safe and acceptable to participants. These results warrant further investigation of the MBSR approach in a randomized, controlled trial in this patient population. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66: 1–18, 2010.
Decomposition of gas‐phase aromatic hydrocarbons by applying an annular‐type reactor coated with sulfur‐doped photocatalyst under visible‐light irradiation
Authors: Jo Wan‐Kuen , Kim Jong‐Tae 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Unlike many water pollution applications, visible‐light‐driven photocatalysis of gas‐phase pollutants has been reported only rarely. The present study was performed to investigate the feasibility of applying S‐doped visible‐light‐induced TiO2 to treat gas‐phase aromatic hydrocarbons, using a continuous air‐flow annular‐type reactor.RESULTS: The prepared S‐enhanced TiO2 powders, along with a commercially available TiO2 powder (Degussa P‐25), were characterized using diffuse reflectance UV‐VIS‐NIR spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetry (TG) analyses. A photocatalytic activity test exhibited an increasing trend in degradation reaction rates with increase in flow rate but a decreasing trend in terms of degradation efficiencies. Several experimental conditions induced reasonably high decomposition efficiencies with respect to toluene, ethyl benzene and o,m,p‐xylenes (close to or above 90%), although benzene exhibited a somewhat lower decomposition efficiency.CONCLUSIONS: The S‐doped TiO2 and undoped P25 TiO2 powders exhibited different catalyst characteristics. The results demonstrate that an annular‐type reactor coated with visible‐light‐activated S‐doped TiO2 can serve as an effective tool to treat gas‐phase aromatic hydrocarbon streams. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Achromatic number of fragmentable graphs
Authors: Edwards Keith 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA complete coloring of a simple graph G is a proper vertex coloring such that each pair of colors appears together on at least one edge. The achromatic number ψ(G) is the greatest number of colors in such a coloring. We say a class of graphs is fragmentable if for any positive ε, there is a constant C such that any graph in the class can be broken into pieces of size at most C by removing a proportion at most ε of the vertices. Examples include planar graphs and grids of fixed dimension. Determining the achromatic number of a graph is NP‐complete in general, even for trees, and the achromatic number is known precisely for only very restricted classes of graphs. We extend these classes very considerably, by giving, for graphs in any class which is fragmentable, triangle‐free, and of bounded degree, a necessary and sufficient condition for a sufficiently large graph to have a complete coloring with a given number of colors. For the same classes, this gives a tight lower bound for the achromatic number of sufficiently large graphs, and shows that the achromatic number can be determined in polynomial time. As examples, we give exact values of the achromatic number for several graph families. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65:94–114, 2010
Radiosynthesis of N‐[4‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)piperidin‐1‐yl]‐N′‐(2‐[11C]oxo‐1,3‐dihydrobenzimidazol‐5‐yl)oxamide, a NR2B‐selective NMDA receptor antagonist
Authors: Labas Romain , Sobrio Franck , Bramoullé Yann , Hérard Anne‐Sophie , Guillermier Martine , Hantraye Philippe , Dollé Frédéric , Barré Louisa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn order to perform in vivo imaging of the NR2B NMDA receptor system by positron emission tomography, a NR2B selective NMDA receptor antagonist has been labelled with carbon‐11 (half‐life: 20 min). N‐[4‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)piperidin‐1‐yl]‐N′‐(2‐oxo‐1,3‐dihydrobenzimidazol‐5‐yl)oxamide has been described demonstrating high affinity and selectivity for the NR2B receptors (IC50 of 5 nM in [3H]Ro‐25,6981 binding assay). The labelling precursor and the reference compound were synthesized by coupling the 4‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)piperidine with the corresponding oxalamic acid. The reaction of [11C]phosgene with phenylenediamine precursor led the formation of the [11C]benzimidazolone ring present on the ligand. The labelling occurred in THF or acetonitrile and the decay corrected radiochemical yield was 30–40% from the produced [11C]methane. HPLC purification and formulation led to 2.6–3.7 GBq (70–100 mCi) of radioligand within 30–35 min. The specific radioactivity was 72–127 GBq/µmol (2–3.4 Ci/µmol) at the end of synthesis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroprotective effects of PDGF against oxidative stress and the signaling pathway involved
Authors: Zheng Lianshun , Ishii Yoko , Tokunaga Ayano , Hamashima Takeru , Shen Jie , Zhao Qing‐Li , Ishizawa Shin , Fujimori Toshihiko , Nabeshima Yo‐ichi , Mori Hisashi , Kondo Takashi , Sasahara Masakiyo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe neuroprotective effects of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and the major signaling pathways involved in these were examined using primary cultured mouse cortical neurons subjected to H2O2‐induced oxidative stress. The specific function of the PDGF β‐receptor (PDGFR‐β) was examined by the selective deletion of the corresponding gene using the Cre‐loxP system in vitro. In wild‐type neurons, PDGF‐BB enhanced the survival of these neurons and suppressed H2O2‐induced caspase‐3 activation. The prosurvival effect of PDGF‐AA was less than that of PDGF‐BB. PDGF‐BB highly activated Akt, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), c‐jun amino‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. PDGF‐AA activated these molecules at lesser extent than PDGF‐BB. In particular, PDGF‐AA induced activation of Akt was at very low level. The neuroprotective effects of PDGF‐BB were antagonized by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K), mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), JNK and p38. The PDGFR‐β‐depleted neurons showed increased vulnerability to oxidative stress, and less responsiveness to PDGF‐BB‐induced cytoprotection and signal activation, in which Akt activation was most strongly suppressed. After all, these results demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of PDGF and the signaling pathways involved against oxidative stress. The effects of PDGF‐BB were more potent than those of PDGF‐AA. This might be due to the activation and additive effects of two PDGFRs after PDGF‐BB stimulation. Furthermore, the PI3‐K/Akt pathway that was deduced to be preferentially activated by PDGFR‐β may explain the potent effects of PDGF‐BB. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb in adult mice after injury induced by acute treatment with trimethyltin
Authors: Yoneyama Masanori , Kawada Koichi , Ogita Kiyokazu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn adults, the subventricular zone is known to contain undifferentiated neural progenitor cells that proliferate and generate the olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons throughout life. We earlier showed that trimethyltin (TMT) causes neuronal damage in the granular cell layer of the OB in adult mice. In the current study, we examined neurogenesis in the OB in adult mice after injury induced by acute treatment with TMT. On day 2 post‐TMT treatment, enhanced incorporation of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) was seen in the granular cell layer of the OB. Many of the BrdU‐labeled cells were undifferentiated cells on day 2 post‐treatment. On day 30 post‐TMT treatment, BrdU‐labeled neuronal cells were dramatically increased in number in the granular cell layer of the OB. However, TMT treatment was ineffective in affecting the migration of BrdU‐labeled cells from the subventricular zone to the OB. The results of a neurosphere assay revealed that the number of neurospheres derived from the OB was significantly increased on day 2 post‐TMT treatment. The neurosphere‐forming neural progenitor cells derived from the OB of TMT‐treated animals were capable of differentiating into neuronal cells as well as into astrocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that the OB has the ability to undergo enhanced neurogenesis following TMT‐induced neuronal injury in adult mice. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sulforaphane protects immature hippocampal neurons against death caused by exposure to hemin or to oxygen and glucose deprivation
Authors: Soane Lucian , Li Dai Wei , Fiskum Gary , Bambrick Linda L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOxidative stress is a mediator of cell death following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and heme toxicity, which can be an important pathogenic factor in acute brain injury. Induced expression of phase II detoxification enzymes through activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE)/Nrf2 pathway has emerged as a promising approach for neuroprotection. Little is known, however, about the neuroprotective potential of this strategy against injury in immature brain cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that sulforaphane (SFP), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate that is also a known activator of the ARE/Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, can protect immature neurons from oxidative stress‐induced death. The hypothesis was tested with primary mouse hippocampal neurons exposed to either O2 and glucose deprivation (OGD) or hemin. Treatment of immature neurons with SFP immediately after the OGD during reoxygenation was effective in protecting immature neurons from delayed cell death. Exposure of immature hippocampal neurons to hemin induced significant cell death, and both pre‐ and cotreatment with SFP were remarkably effective in blocking cytotoxicity. RT‐PCR analysis indicated that several Nrf2‐dependent cytoprotective genes, including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), and glutamate‐cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), which is involved in glutathione biosynthesis, were up‐regulated following SFP treatment both in control neurons and following exposure to OGD and hemin. These results indicate that SFP activates the ARE/Nrf2 pathway of antioxidant defense and protects immature neurons from death caused by stress paradigms relevant to those associated with ischemic and traumatic injury to the immature brain. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marker compounds for the determination of retention factors in EKC
Authors: Wiedmer Susanne K. , Lokajová Jana , Riekkola Marja‐Liisa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEKC and its sub‐techniques, such as MEKC and microemulsion EKC, have attracted wide interest in recent years. Investigations on this topic have covered several analytical applications, but attention has also been paid more and more to basic studies. This review provides an overview of the different approaches to calculating retention factors, which express the ratio of the amount of sample component in the pseudostationary and mobile phases. Special attention is given to the selection of markers for the determination of the electrophoretic mobility or migration time of a marker describing the behavior of the pseudostationary phase in EKC. Introduction of a hydrophobic marker is by far the most common approach, but the use of a homologous series of compounds is also quite popular. In addition, other possible approaches found in the literature will be described.
Combined antegrade and retrograde esophageal dilation for head and neck cancer‐related complete esophageal stenosis
Authors: Goguen Laura A. , Norris Charles M. , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Sullivan Christopher A. , Posner Marshall R. , Haddad Robert I. , Tishler Roy B. , Burke Elaine , Annino Donald J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Assess the safety and efficacy of combined antegrade and retrograde esophageal dilation (CARD) for complete esophageal stenosis following head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. Review HNC dysphagia management.Study Design:Retrospective review of all patients undergoing CARD following HNC treatment between May 2001 and September 2008.Methods:Forty‐five patients were identified for review. Parameters assessed included: ability to obtain intraoperative esophageal patency, complications, number of dilations required, diet, and gastric tube (GT) status. Factors associated with dilation failure were analyzed.Results:Intraoperative esophageal patency was obtained in 91% of patients. Median number of all dilations per patient was three. Median number of CARDs per patient was one. Resumption of oral intake occurred in 36/45 (80%). Diet results included: regular or soft diet 32/45 (71%), GT removal 27/45 (60%), and GT dependence with nothing by mouth 9/45 (20%). Laryngeal and pharyngeal stenosis, radionecrosis, tracheotomy dependence, and elongated stenosis were associated with dilation failure. Complications occurred in 18/63 (29%) CARD procedures: eight pneumomediastinum, seven GT site problems, two esophageal perforations, and one pharyngeal infection. All complications resolved spontaneously or with minimal interventions.Conclusions:CARD was safe and effective. Intraoperative patency was achieved in 91% of patients. Eighty percent resumed oral intake. The majority of patients had their GTs removed and resumed a soft or regular diet. Dilation failure was associated with laryngeal, pharyngeal, and excessively long esophageal stenosis, often resulting from radionecrosis. Complications were minor. CARD should be considered before relegating patients with complete esophageal stenosis to chronic GT dependence or subjecting them to laryngopharyngo esophagectomy. Laryngoscope, 2010
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia/avastin
Authors: Davidson Terence M. , Olitsky Scott E. , Wei Julie L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis is the first scientific report of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) epistaxis treatment by intranasal spraying of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor bevacizumab (Avastin). Epistaxis in patients with HHT is a morbid, mortal condition that is difficult and unpleasant to manage. Nasal telangiectasia growth is modulated by VEGF, which is elevated in HHT patients. Bevacizumab is a VEGF inhibitor that diminishes epistaxis when administered intravenously or injected locally, or as reported here when sprayed topically onto the nasal mucosa. Laryngoscope, 2010
Preparation and Unique pH‐Responsive Properties of Novel Biodegradable Nanocapsules Composed of Poly(γ‐glutamic acid) and Chitosan as Weak Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Imoto Takayuki , Kida Toshiyuki , Matsusaki Michiya , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNovel biodegradable hollow nanocapsules composed of two kinds of weak polyelecrolytes, CT and γ‐PGA, were successfully prepared by the deposition of their LbL‐assembled films onto silica particles and the subsequent removal of the silica. These CT‐γ‐PGA hollow nanocapsules showed unique size increases at pH = 1.0, due to the swelling of capsule membranes induced by electrostatic repulsions between ammonium groups of CT components. On the other hand, no significant changes in the capsule size were observed at pH = 4.0, 7.0, and 10. By using the CT‐γ‐PGA nanocapsules, the release of encapsulated substances in response to acidic pH values was accomplished.magnified image
Copolymer of Fluorene and Triphenylamine Moieties: Direct and Post‐Functionalization Strategy, Structural Characterization, and Chemosensoring Behavior
Authors: Yang Rong , Wu Weibing , Wang Wenyu , Li Zhen , Qin Jingui 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo prepare a copolymer of fluorene and triphenylamine bearing imidazole groups in the side chain, two synthetic approaches have been designed: the direct copolymerization of the corresponding monomers, and the post‐functionalization of a precursor polymer. Unexpectedly, the direct copolymeriztion strategy was better. The chemosensing behavior of P2 was carefully studied, the fluorescence of which could be quenched by Cu2+ ions at concentrations as low as 8 × 10−6 mol · L−1 in dilute solutions. By utilizing the much higher stability constant of the complex of CN− and Cu2+, the quenched fluorescence of the solution of P2 by Cu2+ ions could be recovered upon the addition of a trace amount of CN− anions, with a detection limit as low as 1.8 × 10−5 mol · L−1 (0.47 ppm), making P2 a new sensitive cyanide probe.magnified image
Lamellar Nanoconfinements Effects in Discotic Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers
Authors: Stillings Christopher , Pettau Robin , Wendorff Joachim H. , Schmidt Hans‐Werner , Kreger Klaus 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe have evaluated the effect of slit‐like nanoconfinements imposed on columnar discotic phases within a discotic block copolymer displaying a lamellar microphase. Findings are that the columns are oriented uniformly along the lamellar normal within the plane of thin films, that a rectangular rather than a hexagonal columnar phase is formed within the discotic regions, that the thermodynamic stability of the columnar phase is strongly reduced relative to the low molar mass model compounds and finally, that the isotropic phase can be unusually strongly supercooled with respect to the columnar phase formation. Slit‐like nanoconfinements allow thus to induce novel types of the intrinsic order and columnar orientations.magnified image
Synthesis of Co3O4/Poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) Core/Shell Composite With Enhanced Optical Property
Authors: Maity Arjun , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCo3O4/poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PNVC) composite with enhanced optical property was synthesized via a simple in situ bulk polymerization of NVC monomers in the presence of Co3O4 nanoparticles at an elevated temperature. High‐resolution electron microscopic observations showed that the Co3O4 nanoparticles were coated with uniform nanolayer shells of PNVC. Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of strong interactions between the PNVC polymer chains with the Co3O4 surface in the Co3O4/PNVC composite. Raman spectroscopic results supported conclusions based on electron microscopy and FT‐IR spectra. The uniform nanolayer coating of PNVC decreases the inherent bulk conductivity of Co3O4, however, significantly increases the fluorescence property of Co3O4 nanoparticles.magnified image
Public commitment as a motivator for weight loss
Authors: Nyer Prashanth U. , Dellande Stephanie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMany long‐term services, e.g., weight‐loss programs, require that customers comply with instructions, provide the inputs, and thus co‐create a major portion of the service. This article investigates the role of public commitment in influencing motivation and behavior in a weight‐loss setting. The role of susceptibility to normative influence (SNI) is also examined. The publicness with which a commitment to weight loss is made has a significant and favorable impact on long‐term weight‐loss compliance behavior. Short‐ and long‐term public commitment resulted in higher levels of weight‐loss motivation and higher levels of weight loss. Weight‐loss motivation partly mediates the effect of public commitment on weight loss, while SNI moderates the effect of public commitment on weight loss. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Moderators of the negativity effect: Commitment, identification, and consumer sensitivity to corporate social performance
Authors: Liu Tsung‐Chi , Wang Chung‐Yu , Wu Li‐Wei 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNumerous studies have identified constructs such as commitment and brand familiarity as moderators of negativity effects. However, boundary conditions for this moderation have yet to be identified within a retailing context. This study tries to rectify this gap in the literature. This study finds that three factors (commitment, consumer–company identification, and consumer sensitivity to corporate social performance) moderate attitude change toward a retailer following exposure to moderately negative (vs. positive) publicity. However, given extremely negative information, the buffering effects of the moderating factors disappear, and attitude changes are significant for all consumers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.