bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Homopolymer Modification to Single Glass Conical Nanopore Channels: Dual‐Stimuli‐Actuated Highly Efficient Ion Gating
Authors: Zhang Li‐Xiang , Cai Sheng‐Lin , Zheng Yu‐Bin , Cao Xiao‐Hong , Li Yao‐Qun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFor the first time, the integration of a smart homopolymer poly[2–(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA), which undergoes both pH‐ and temperature‐induced conformational transitions, is demonstrated in a single glass conical nanopore channel, to achieve a smart nanodevice that can be reversibly switched between the high conducting “on” state and low conducting “off” state with high gating efficiency due to the conformational changes of the homopolymer brush effected by varying the pH and temperature of the surrounding media.
Amine‐Linked N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: The Importance of an Pendant Free‐Amine Auxiliary in Assisting the Catalytic Reaction
Authors: Li Chia‐Yi , Kuo Yi‐Yin , Tsai Jie‐Hong , Yap Glenn P. A. , Ong Tiow‐Gan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe have successfully expanded the library of amino–NHCs with varying substituents on the amine group, leading to insight about the instability of NHCs arising from the intermolecular interaction of the dangling amine side‐arm. However, the pendant amine plays an important role with respect to the catalytic process, resuscitating the catalytic activity of unsaturated NHC’s through a synergistic effect invoked by the secondary amine. This proof of concept allows us to expand the spectrum of catalysis to CC, as well as CB bond formation.
Syntheses and Structures of Ruthenium(II) N,S‐Heterocyclic Carbene Diphosphine Complexes and their Catalytic Activity towards Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Ding Nini , Hor T. S. Andy 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPhosphine exchange of [RuIIBr(MeCOO)(PPh3)2(3‐RBzTh)] (3‐RBzTh=3‐benzylbenzothiazol‐2‐ylidene) with a series of diphosphines (bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm), 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene (dppv), 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf), 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb), and 1,3‐(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp)) gave mononuclear and neutral octahedral complexes [RuBr(MeCOO)(η2‐P2)(3‐RBzTh)] (P2=dppm (2), dppv (3), dppf (4), dppb (5), or dppp (6)), the coordination spheres of which contained four different ligands, namely, a chelating diphosphine, carboxylate, N,S‐heterocyclic carbene (NSHC), and a bromide. Two geometric isomers of 6 (6a and 6 b) have been isolated. The structures of these products, which have been elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, show two structural types, I and II, depending on the relative dispositions of the ligands. Type I structures contain a carbenic carbon atom trans to the oxygen atom, whereas two phosphorus atoms are trans to bromine and oxygen atoms. The type II system comprises a carbene carbon atom trans to one of the phosphorus atoms, whereas the other phosphorus is trans to the oxygen atom, with the bromine trans to the remaining oxygen atom. Complexes 2, 3, 4, and 6a belong to type I, whereas 5 and 6 b are of type II. The kinetic product 6 b eventually converts into 6a upon standing. These complexes are active towards catalytic reduction of para‐methyl acetophenone by 2‐propanol at 82 °C under 1 % catalyst load giving the corresponding alcohols. The dppm complex 2 shows the good yields (91–97 %) towards selected ketones.
The Role of Water for the Phase‐Selective Preparation of Hexagonal and Cubic Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Shim Jae Ha , Nam Ki Min , Seo Won Seok , Song Hyunjoon , Park Joon T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA selective preparation and the formation mechanism of hexagonal and cubic CoO nanoparticles from the reaction of [Co(acac)2] (acac=acetylacetonate) and amine have been investigated. CoO nanoparticles with a hexagonal pyramidal shape were yielded under decomposition conditions with amine. Importantly, the addition of water altered the final phase to cubic and comprehensively changed the reaction mechanism. The average sizes of the hexagonal and cubic CoO nanoparticles could be controlled either by changing the amine concentration or by using different reaction temperatures. Detailed formation mechanisms are proposed on the basis of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry data and color changes of the reaction mixture. The hexagonal CoO phase is obtained through two distinct pathways: solvolysis with CC bond cleavage and direct condensation by amine. On the other hand, the cubic CoO nanoparticles were synthesized by strong nucleophilic attack of hydroxide ions from water and subsequent CC bond breaking. The resulting caboxylate ligand can stabilize a cobalt hydroxide intermediate, leading to the generation of a thermodynamically stable CoO phase.
Phosphane‐Free Green Protocol for Selective Nitro Reduction with an Iron‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Sharma Upendra , Verma Praveen Kumar , Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Vishal , Bala Manju , Singh Bikram 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIron phthalocyanine with iron sulfate has been successfully applied for high chemo‐ and regioselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to give the corresponding amines in a green solvent system without using any toxic ligand. The catalytic systems were also compatible with a large range of other reducible functional groups, such as keto, acid, amide, ester, halogen, lactone, nitrile, N‐benzyl, O‐benzyl, hydroxy, and heterocycles. In the present study, dinitro compounds have been regioselectively reduced to the corresponding amines with high yield. In most of the cases the conversion and selectivity was greater than 99 % as determined by GC‐MS analysis.
Maximizing the data transmission rate of a cooperative relay system in an underwater acoustic channel
Authors: Babu A. V. , Joshy Susan 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we investigate the problem of maximizing the data transmission rate of a cooperative relay system in an underwater acoustic communication channel. With amplify‐and‐forward relaying and adaptive source transmission, we present optimal transmit signal power adaptation policies that maximize the data transmission rate, considering both frequency and time domains. The analysis takes into account a physical model of acoustic path loss and ambient noise power spectral density. Typical characteristics of underwater channel such as frequency‐dependent fading and time variations are also considered. Capacity bounds for channel state information (CSI) only at the receiver and CSI at both transmitter and receiver are presented. To maximize the data rate, we use the notion of an optimal bandwidth which corresponds to efficient allocation of signal power across the transmission bandwidth. Under the constraint of an average transmit power, the optimal transmit power adaptation policy is found to be ‘water‐pouring’ in frequency‐time domain, while the transmit power adaptation policy with a total power constraint is ‘water‐pouring’ in frequency domain. Results show that both frequency domain and frequency‐time domain power adaptation schemes provide much greater improvement in average data rate over that of the constant power case. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro production of gymnemic acid from cell suspension cultures of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br
Authors: Nagella Praveen , chung Ill‐Min , Murthy Hosakatte Niranjana 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGymnema sylvestre is an important medicinal plant that bears bioactive compound namely gymnemic acids. The present work deals with the optimization of a cell suspension culture system of Gymnema sylvestre for the production of biomass and gymnemic acid, which has anti‐diabetic properties. We investigated the effect of inoculum densities (2.5–20.0 g/L), the strength of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (0.25–2.0), carbon source (sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose), and the concentration of the sucrose (1–8% w/v) to determine their effects on biomass accumulation and production of gymnemic acid. Overall, 10 g/L of inoculum density, full‐strength MS medium supplemented with 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2.0 mg/L) and Kinetin (0.1 mg/L), and 3% w/v sucrose was found best for the accumulation of biomass and gymnemic acid content (9.95 mg/g dry weight). The results of the current study will be useful for bioprocess and biochemical engineers for large‐scale production of gymnemic acid in cell culture.
Relationship of resting EEG with anatomical MRI measures in individuals at high and low risk for depression
Authors: Bruder Gerard E. , Bansal Ravi , Tenke Craig E. , Liu Jun , Hao Xuejun , Warner Virginia , Peterson Bradley S. , Weissman Myrna M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStudies have found abnormalities of resting EEG measures of hemispheric activity in depressive disorders. Similar EEG findings and a prominent thinning of the cortical mantle have been reported for persons at risk for depression. The correspondence between EEG alpha power and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of cortical thickness was examined in a multigenerational study of individuals at risk for depression. Seventy‐five participants underwent resting EEG and approximately 5 years later underwent MRI scanning. High‐risk participants (n = 37) were biological descendants of probands having major depression and low‐risk participants (n = 38) were descendants of individuals without a history of depression. EEG alpha power was interpolated across the surface of a template brain and coregistered with measures of cortical thickness. Voxel‐wise correlations of cortical thickness and alpha power were computed while covarying for age and gender. The high‐risk group, when compared to the low‐risk group, showed greater alpha asymmetry in an eyes‐closed condition, with relatively less activity over right parietal cortex. Alpha power correlated inversely with cortical thickness, particularly over the right posterior region, indicating that EEG evidence of reduced cortical activity was associated with increased cortical thinning. This is the first report of widespread correlation of EEG alpha activity with MRI measures of cortical thickness. Although both EEG and MRI measures are associated with risk for depression, we did not detect evidence that cortical thickness mediated the alpha asymmetry findings. Thus, alpha asymmetry, alone or in combination with MRI, may be a marker of vulnerability for a familial form of depression. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatiotemporal brain mapping of spatial attention effects on pattern‐reversal ERPs
Authors: Di Russo Francesco , Stella Alessandra , Spitoni Grazia , Strappini Francesca , Sdoia Stefano , Galati Gaspare , Hillyard Steven A. , Spinelli Donatella , Pitzalis Sabrina 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRecordings of event‐related potentials (ERPs) were combined with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the timing and localization of stimulus selection processes during visual‐spatial attention to pattern‐reversing gratings. Pattern reversals were presented in random order to the left and right visual fields at a rapid rate, while subjects attended to the reversals in one field at a time. On separate runs, stimuli were presented in the upper and lower visual quadrants. The earliest ERP component (C1, peaking at around 80 ms), which inverted in polarity for upper versus lower field stimuli and was localized in or near visual area V1, was not modulated by attention. In the latency range 80–250 ms, multiple components were elicited that were increased in amplitude by attention and were colocalized with fMRI activations in specific visual cortical areas. The principal anatomical sources of these attention‐sensitive components were localized by fMRI‐seeded dipole modeling as follows: P1 (ca. 100 ms—source in motion‐sensitive area MT+), C2 (ca. 130 ms—same source as C1), N1a (ca. 145 ms—source in horizontal intraparietal sulcus), N1b (ca. 165 ms—source in fusiform gyrus, area V4/V8), N1c (ca. 180 ms—source in posterior intraparietal sulcus, area V3A), and P2 (ca. 220 ms—multiple sources, including parieto‐occipital sulcus, area V6). These results support the hypothesis that spatial attention acts to amplify both feed‐forward and feedback signals in multiple visual areas of both the dorsal and ventral streams of processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Encapsulation of Drug Molecules by Cucurbiturils: Effects on their Chemical Properties in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Macartney Donal H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe effects of the encapsulation of drugs and other molecules of biomedical interest by cucurbit[n]uril (n=5–8, 10) host molecules on the chemical properties of the drugs in aqueous solution are reviewed. The cucurbituril complexation of drug molecules has been shown to generally increase the guests’ pKa values through preferential inclusion of the protonated species, modulate other equilibria involving the guest, improve the solubility in aqueous solution, reduce the toxicity and other side effects, as well as enhance the stability and targeted delivery of the drug molecule. These benefits have led to an increasing interest in the applications of cucurbit[n]urils in novel drug formulations.
Synthesis of novel acyclonucleosides containing pyridazine
Authors: Park Jung‐Won , Kweon Deok‐Heon , Kang Young‐Jin , Lee Woo Song , Cho Su‐Dong , Yoon Yong‐Jin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper presents the synthesis of some novel acyclonucleosides involving pyrrolo[2,3‐c]pyridazine and 4‐hydroxybutyl side chain.
Money over man versus caring and compassion? Challenges for today's organizations and their leaders
Authors: Peus Claudia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis commentary discusses three important topics in organizational behavior that have been largely ignored previously: Organizational responses to terrorism, positive deviance in organizations, and the creation of caring and compassionate organizations. The article highlights the challenges these three topics pose for organizational leaders. Furthermore, it explores future directions of research that might facilitate a deeper understanding of these topics as well as organizational behavior in general. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromatographic characteristics of poly(1‐vinylimidazole)‐grafted silica in normal‐phase HPLC
Authors: Sun Min , Feng Juanjuan , Liu Shujuan , Wang Xusheng , Liu Xia , Jiang Shengxiang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA stationary phase based on poly(1‐vinylimidazole)‐grafted silica has been prepared by the surface radical chain‐transfer reaction. The stationary phase was characterized by infrared spectra, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Chromatographic characteristics of the stationary phase were investigated in normal‐phase HPLC. The results showed that both weak polar compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dialkyl phthalates) and polar compounds (anilines, phenols) could be successfully separated on this stationary phase, implying better separation performance than blank silica and conventional aminopropyl‐bonded silica under the same conditions. The excellent performance can be attributed to multiple interactions between surface modifier and the analytes that might include dipole, hydrogen bonding, H‐π, electrostatic and inductive interactions.
Biodegradable Glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked Casein Conduit Promotes Regeneration after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Adult Rats
Authors: Wang Walter , Lin Jia‐Horng , Tsai Chin‐Chuan , Chuang Hao‐Che , Ho Chien‐Yi , Yao Chun‐Hsu , Chen Yueh‐Sheng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this study, GCC protein was used for the first time to construct a biodegradable conduit for peripheral nerve repair. The GCC was highly stable with a sufficiently high level of mechanical properties and it was non‐toxic and non‐apoptotic which could maintain the survival and outgrowth of Schwann cells. Noninvasive bioluminescence imaging accompanied with histochemical assessment showed the GCC was highly biocompatible after subcutaneous implantation in transgenic mice. Electrophysiology, labeling of calcitonin gene‐related peptide in the lumbar spinal cord and histology analysis also showed a rapid morphological and functional recovery for disrupted rat sciatic nerves repaired with the GCC conduits. Therefore, we conclude that the GCC can offer great nerve regeneration characteristics and can be a promising material for the successful repair of peripheral nerve defects. magnified image
A Highly Efficient One‐Pot Method for the Synthesis of Carbon Black/Poly(4,4′‐Diphenylether‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles) Composites
Authors: Loos Marcio R. , Abetz Volker , Schulte Karl 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of polyoxadiazoles (PODs) based composites containing carbon black (CB) are prepared through a fast polycondensation reaction of hydrazine sulfate and dicarboxylic acid monomers using poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA) as reaction medium. In order to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of CB, a predispersion step is applied to the CB prior to the synthesis. The moderate acidic nature and high viscosity of the PPA medium promote the oxidation of the CB and suppress reaggregation after dispersion. The carboxylic groups generated on the surface of the CB effectively anchored the growing of POD chains, improving the interfacial interaction between the CB and the surrounding matrix. An increase of 22% in storage modulus at 100 °C is observed. The tensile strength increases up to 48% with the CB addition and the elongation at break increases up to 118% at a low concentration of CB (0.5 wt.‐%). The resultant CB/POD composites, which can be cast as dense films, are soluble in several polar aprotic solvents and their POD matrix have molecular weights in the range of 105 g · mol−1. The high‐performance, high‐temperature light‐weight materials obtained are thermally stable at temperatures as high as 450 °C. magnified image
Origin of Piezoelectricity in an Electrospun Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) Nanofiber Web‐Based Nanogenerator and Nano‐Pressure Sensor
Authors: Mandal Dipankar , Yoon Sun , Kim Kap Jin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA single stage electrospinning process can give rise to preferentially oriented induced dipoles in poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] nanofibers. The piezoelectricity of as‐electrospun P(VDF‐TrFE) nanofiber webs opens up new possibilities for their use as a flexible nanogenerators and nano‐pressure sensors. In this work, the origin of the piezoelectricity has been spotlighted by randomization of the induced dipoles at the Curie temperature and analyzed by polarized FT‐IR spectroscopic techniques as well as by detecting the piezoelectric signal from a nano‐pressure sensor. magnified image
Computational geomechanics: The heritage of Olek Zienkiewicz
Authors: Pastor M. , Chan A. H. C. , Mira P. , Manzanal D. , Fernández Merodo J. A. , Blanc T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGeotechnical engineering design is based on mathematical, constitutive and numerical models implemented in computer codes which are able to predict the behaviour of geostructures and foundations under a wide variety of loading conditions, sometimes demanding or extreme. Prediction is fundamental in areas such as seismic engineering, marine foundations or landslide hazard analysis. No computer code is better than the mathematical, constitutive and numerical models which it implements. This paper is devoted to (i) reviewing the decisive contributions of Professor Olek Zienkiewicz to the development of mathematical, constitutive and numerical models in geotechnical engineering and (ii) presenting some extensions based on his work which have been proposed by the authors. The extensions to be described here are the following: (i) a particularization of the u − prmw Zienkiewicz model to the case of fast catastrophic landslides (ii) an extension of the generalized plasticity model proposed by him and (iii) an SPH numerical model for the propagation of fast catastrophic landslides. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progress of Thin‐Film Silicon Photovoltaic Technologies in SANYO
Authors: Aya Y. , Shinohara W. , Matsumoto M. , Murata K. , Kunii T. , Nakagawa M. , Terakawa A. , Tanaka M. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTMethods to achieve a good balance among a high conversion efficiency, a large panel size and a high deposition rate of µc‐Si:H for mass production are shown here. For this purpose, an original technology called the Localized Plasma Confinement CVD (LPC‐CVD) method is investigated. Using know‐how from this method, an amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon (µc‐Si:H) solar panel, whose size is Gen. 5.5 (1100 mm × 1400 mm) and whose µc‐Si:H deposition rate is 2.4 nm/s, with a conversion efficiency of 11.1% (Voc = 161.7 V, Isc = 1.46 A, FF = 72.4%, Pmax = 171 W) is obtained. It is also experimentally confirmed that the value is equivalent to 10.0% of stabilized efficiency. Various reliability tests that conform to IEC standards have been performed for solar modules. It has been shown that the solar modules adapt to the major categories of IEC standards. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic evaluation of alternating CID and ETD fragmentation for phosphorylated peptides
Authors: Kim Min‐Sik , Zhong Jun , Kandasamy Kumaran , Delanghe Bernard , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCID has become a routine method for fragmentation of peptides in shotgun proteomics, whereas electron transfer dissociation (ETD) has been described as a preferred method for peptides carrying labile PTMs. Though both of these fragmentation techniques have their obvious advantages, they also have their own drawbacks. By combining data from CID and ETD fragmentation, some of these disadvantages can potentially be overcome because of the complementarity of fragment ions produced. To evaluate alternating CID and ETD fragmentation, we analyzed a complex mixture of phosphopeptides on an LTQ‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer. When the CID and ETD‐derived spectra were searched separately, we observed 2504, 491, 2584, and 3249 phosphopeptide‐spectrum matches from CID alone, ETD alone, decision tree‐based CID/ETD, and alternating CID and ETD, respectively. Combining CID and ETD spectra prior to database searching should, intuitively, be superior to either method alone. However, when spectra from the alternating CID and ETD method were merged prior to database searching, we observed a reduction in the number of phosphopeptide‐spectrum matches. The poorer identification rates observed after merging CID and ETD spectra are a reflection of a lack of optimized search algorithms for carrying out such searches and perhaps inherent weaknesses of this approach. Thus, although alternating CID and ETD experiments for phosphopeptide identification are desirable for increasing the confidence of identifications, merging spectra prior to database search has to be carefully evaluated further in the context of the various algorithms before adopting it as a routine strategy.