bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Residual Renal Function is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Han Seung Hyeok , Lee Sang Choel , Kang Ea Wha , Park Jung Kyung , Yoon Hyang Sook , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Choi Kyu Hun , Han Dae-Suk , Kang Shin-Wook 
Published: September 2010

♦Background Endothelial dysfunction, which contributes to atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, commonly accompanies end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, little is known about the role of residual renal function (RRF) in endothelial protection in ESRD patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between endothelial function and RRF in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). ♦Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 72 prevalent PD patients. Demographic and clinical data were recorded and residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Kt/V urea, and serum concentrations of inflammatory markers were measured. Endothelial function was assessed by brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilation [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)] to reactive hyperemia following 5 minutes of forearm ischemia. ♦Results In patients with FMD% above the median value (FMD > 2.41%), residual GFR was significantly higher compared to that in patients with FMD% below the median [1.50 (0 - 9.64) vs 0.48 (0 - 3.89) mL/min/1.73 m 2, P = 0.026]. Correlation analyses revealed that residual GFR (p = 0.381, P = 0.001) and total Kt/V urea (γ= 0.408, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with FMD%, whereas PD duration (γ = -0.351, P = 0.003), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = -0.345, P = 0.003), pulse pressure (γ = -0.341, P = 0.003), and age (γ = -0.403, P < 0.001) were inversely correlated with FMD%. In contrast, there was no correlation between peritoneal Kt/V urea and FMD%. In multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for these factors, residual GFR was found to be an independent determinant of FMD% (β = 0.317, P = 0.017). ♦ Conclusion This study shows that RRF is independently associated with endothelial dysfunction in ESRD patients on PD, suggesting that RRF may contribute to endothelial protection in these patients.
Telerehabilitation in Scotland: Current Initiatives and Recommendations for Future Development
Authors: Hill Anne 
Published: September 2010

Rehabilitation services are set to become central to modern health care systems as they strive to support an increasingly ageing population to live as independently as possible, while maintaining quality services. Alternative service delivery options such as telerehabilitation may assist in meeting the growing demand for services and many countries are exploring the potential use of telerehabilitation within their health care systems. The Scottish Centre for Telehealth commissioned an independent scoping study and subsequent report into the potential development and realisation of telerehabilitation services across Scotland. The scope of the report was restricted to adult rehabilitation services and aimed to identify opportunities for the use of telerehabilitation and to recommend clear and achievable steps towards implementation of telerehabilitation. This article outlines some of the telerehabilitation initiatives currently underway in Scotland and discusses some of the key recommendations made in the report to the Scottish Centre for Telehealth for the future advancement and application of telerehabilitation across Scotland.
Processing Porous Bulk Metallic Glass Using Prealloyed Powders
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhu Yitian , Li Fei , Yan Wei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractZr50Cu40Al10 metallic‐glass powders are prepared via the gas‐atomization method. The powders are spherical in shape, and contain different crystalline phases depending on the particle size. Through mechanical milling, the shape and the structure of the as‐atomized metallic‐glass powders can be modified, and very‐fine and fully amorphous powders are obtained after milling for 120 h. The as‐milled powders show excellent compressibility and densification behavior. By the addition of the Cu powders and using the as‐milled metallic‐glass powders, a porous metallic‐glass compact is fabricated, which has a porosity of about 48% and a pronounced ductility.
Bioreactors in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Dermenoudis Stergios , Missirlis Yannis F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTissue engineering is a promising interdisciplinary scientific field of regenerative medicine. Aiming at the structural and functional restoration of damaged tissues and organs, it possesses a role of significant socioeconomical impact. In the course towards the ultimate goal of artificially constructed natural organs, our knowledge of the elementary constitutive components of living organisms and the intrinsic mechanisms that drive their interactions is greatly enhanced. Bioreactors are valuable tools providing the technological means to investigate fundamental issues for basic research and to improve tissue‐engineering products for clinical applications. They are devices enabling the in vitro simulation of the in vivo biological, physical and mechanical environment of growing tissues. In this review paper, we discuss the general demands defining the design considerations for modern bioreactor systems. These criteria originate from physiological characteristics of the cells and biochemical and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this context, we present an overview of the various bioreactor systems dedicated to the study of specific functional tissues developed by numerous research groups.
A Microbial‐Mineralization‐Inspired Approach for Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Nanostructures with Controlled Oxidation States and Morphologies
Authors: Oba Manabu , Oaki Yuya , Imai Hiroaki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractManganese oxide nanostructures are synthesized by a route inspired by microbial mineralization in nature. The combination of organic molecules, which include antioxidizing and chelating agents, facilitates the parallel control of oxidation states and morphologies in an aqueous solution at room temperature. Divalent manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)2) is selectively obtained as a stable dried powder by using a combination of ascorbic acid as an antioxidizing agent and other organic molecules with the ability to chelate to manganese ions. The topotactic oxidation of the resultant Mn(OH)2leads to the selective formation of trivalent manganese oxyhydroxide (β‐MnOOH) and trivalent/tetravalent sodium manganese oxide (birnessite, Na0.55Mn2O4·1.5H2O). For microbial mineralization in nature, similar synthetic routes via intermediates have been proposed in earlier works. Therefore, these synthetic routes, which include in the present study the parallel control over oxidation states and morphologies of manganese oxides, can be regarded as new biomimetic routes for synthesis of transition metal oxide nanostructures. As a potential application, it is demonstrated that the resultant β‐MnOOH nanostructures perform as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries.
Metal‐Catalyzed Etching of Vertically Aligned Polysilicon and Amorphous Silicon Nanowire Arrays by Etching Direction Confinement
Authors: Chang Shih‐wei , Chuang Vivian P. , Boles Steven T. , Thompson Carl V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA systematic study of metal‐catalyzed etching of (100), (110), and (111) silicon substrates using gold catalysts with three varying geometrical characteristics: isolated nanoparticles, metal meshes with small hole spacings, and metal meshes with large hole spacings is carried out. It is shown that for both isolated metal catalyst nanoparticles and meshes with small hole spacings, etching proceeds in the crystallographically preferred <100> direction. However, the etching is confined to the single direction normal to the substrate surface when a catalyst meshes with large hole spacings is used. We have also demonstrated that the metal catalyzed etching method when used with metal mesh with large hole spacings can be extended to create arrays of polycrystalline and amorphous vertically aligned silicon nanowire by confining the etching to proceed in the normal direction to the substrate surface. The ability to pattern wires from polycrystalline and amorphous silicon thin films opens the possibility of making silicon nanowire array‐based devices on a much wider range of substrates.
An Unprecedented Silver Salt Effect Switches the Facial Selectivity in the Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction
Authors: Liang Yufan , Wang Lin , Zhu Rong , Deng Lujiang , Yang Yunfang , Quan Junmin , Chen Jiahua , Yang Zhen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSilver hexafluroantimonate was identified as a highly efficient agent to reverse the facial selectivity of the titanium chloride‐mediated vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction (VMAR), and this unprecedented reaction provides a concise, diastereoselective synthesis of δ‐hydroxy‐α,γ‐dimethyl‐α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl units from readily available chiral vinylketene silyl N,O‐acetal 6 and ethyl glyoxylate 8.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of 2‐tert‐Butyl‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐benzodioxole‐4‐carboxylic (TBMB) Acid
Authors: Higashi Toshinori , Abe Chika , Ninomiya Keiko , Machida Takuya , Chishima Nobuyuki , Taketomi Shohei , Furuta Miyu , Komaki Yoko , Senba Yoshihiko , Tokuda Taeko , Shoji Mitsuru , Sugai Takeshi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBoth enantiomers of 2‐tert‐butyl‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐benzodioxole‐4‐carboxylic (TBMB) acid, which has a unique quaternary chiral center located on the acetal carbon, were prepared from a racemic ketone in which the carboxy group was replaced by a trifluoroacetyl group. First, reduction with fungi, Geotrichum candidum provided (2S,1′S)‐ and (2R,1′S)‐ 1′‐(2‐tert‐butyl‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐4‐yl)‐2′,2′,2′‐trifluoroethanol in a highly enantiofacially selective manner. After acetylation, the resulting diastereomeric mixture was submitted to Candida antarctica lipase B‐catalyzed transesterification. The reaction proceeded in a stereoselective manner under the influence of the chiral center at the acetal carbon, even though it was six atoms removed from the ester carbonyl carbon. Although the two substrates had the same absolute configuration at the secondary alcohol, the reaction rate of one stereoisomer was 72 times greater than that of the other isomer. The reason for this differential reactivity was attributed mainly to a large difference in Vmax(app) between the stereoisomers. The products, acetate and alcohol, were easily separated by chromatography, and each was then derivatized to (R)‐ and (S)‐TBMB acid, with >99.2% ee, respectively.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrohydroxyalkylation of Butadiene: Carbonyl Crotylation
Authors: Zbieg Jason R. , Fukuzumi Takeo , Krische Michael J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractExposure of alcohols 1a–1i to butadiene in the presence of a cyclometallated iridium catalyst derived from allyl acetate, 4‐methoxy‐3‐nitrobenzoic acid and 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenyl (BIPHEP) results in hydrogen transfer to generate aldehyde‐allyliridium pairs, which engage in CC coupling to form products of carbonyl crotylation. Under related conditions using 1,4‐butanediol as hydrogen donor, butadiene reductively couples to aldehydes 2e–2g and 2i to furnish carbonyl crotylation products 3e–3g and 3i. Thus, butadiene‐mediated carbonyl crotylation occurs with equal facility from the alcohol or aldehyde oxidation level with complete levels of branched regioselectivity.
Relationships between serial childhood adiposity measures and adult blood pressure: The Fels longitudinal study
Authors: Sabo Roy T. , Lu Zheng , Daniels Stephen , Sun Shumei S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: Several studies have shown that causes of adult hypertension arise in childhood, and obesity may be a potential cause or at least a mitigating factor in this development. Body mass index is a well studied obesity metric, yet other potential adiposity measures such as percent body fat and waist circumference have been somewhat less considered. The purpose of this study is to determine associations between these alternative serial childhood adiposity measures and adulthood blood pressure.Methods: Measurements from participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study were used to summarize childhood adiposity, represented by childhood measurements of percent body fat and height‐adjusted waist circumference. These subjects also provided systolic and diastolic blood pressure as adults. Childhood adiposity levels were categorized as high or low as compared to the respective upper quartile, and associations with adult blood pressure were measured using Poisson regression to estimate the number of expected occurrences of elevated adiposity during childhood. Adult lifestyle covariates and adiposity were accounted for using multiple linear regression.Results: Summary indices of the childhood adiposity measures were significantly associated with both adult blood pressure metrics in men and women, though some of these associations were altered or reduced in the presence of adult lifestyle characteristics and adult adiposity measures.Conclusions: Childhood measures of percent body fat and height‐adjusted waist circumference have an effect on adult blood pressure, though the effect can be mitigated by adult lifestyles. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emotions, stress, and maternal motivation in primates
Authors: Maestripieri Dario 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecent research conducted with nonhuman primates confirms that adaptive emotional processes, such as maternal attraction arousability and maternal anxiety arousability, enhance and sustain female motivation to interact with infants, invest in them, and protect them during the postpartum period. Changes in these emotional processes, and concomitant changes in maternal motivation, facilitate the reduction and eventual termination of maternal investment associated with infant weaning. Although laboratory studies of rodents and socially deprived rhesus monkeys have suggested that nulliparous females are neophobic and find infant stimuli aversive, recent primate research indicates that neophobia or aversion to infant stimuli do not occur in females with normal developmental experience. Furthermore, although some rodent and human studies have shown that lactation is accompanied by physiological hyporesponsiveness to stress, other studies of rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans indicate that mothers are highly vulnerable to stress and that stress‐induced dysregulation of emotions can interfere with maternal motivation and parenting behavior. It is possible that some aspects of the emotional and experiential regulation of maternal motivation and parental behavior are different in different mammalian species. However, variation in the environments in which subjects are tested and in their developmental experience may also be responsible for the some discrepancies between the results of different studies. Am. J. Primatol. 73:516–529, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction by magnetic resonance imaging within 6 hours of symptom onset: A prospective multicenter observational study
Authors: Thomalla Götz , Hartmann Frank , Juettler Eric , Singer Oliver C. , Lehnhardt Fritz‐Georg , Köhrmann Martin , Kersten Jan F. , Krützelmann Anna , Humpich Marek C. , Sobesky Jan , Gerloff Christian , Villringer Arno , Fiehler Jens , Neumann‐Haefelin Tobias , Schellinger Peter D. , Röther Joachim ,   for the Clinical Trial Net of the German Competence Network Stroke
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveEarly identification of patients at risk of space‐occupying “malignant” middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction (MMI) is needed to enable timely decision for potentially life‐saving treatment such as decompressive hemicraniectomy. We tested the hypothesis that acute stroke magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predicts MMI within 6 hours of stroke onset.MethodsIn a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study patients with acute ischemic stroke and MCA main stem occlusion were studied by MRI including diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion imaging (PI), and MR‐angiography within 6 hours of symptom onset. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify clinical and imaging predictors of MMI.ResultsOf 140 patients included, 27 (19.3%) developed MMI. The following parameters were identified as independent predictors of MMI: larger acute DWI lesion volume (per 1 ml odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.06; p < 0.001), combined MCA + internal carotid artery occlusion (5.38, 1.55–18.68; p = 0.008), and severity of neurological deficit on admission assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (per 1 point 1.16, 1.00–1.35; p = 0.053). The prespecified threshold of a DWI lesion volume >82 ml predicted MMI with high specificity (0.98, 95% CI 0.94–1.00), negative predictive value (0.90, 0.83–0.94), and positive predictive value (0.88, 0.62–0.98), but sensitivity was low (0.52, 0.32–0.71).InterpretationStroke MRI on admission predicts malignant course in severe MCA stroke with high positive and negative predictive value and may help in guiding treatment decisions, such as decompressive surgery. In a subset of patients with small initial DWI lesion volumes, repeated diagnostic tests are required. ANN NEUROL 2010
Reactivity of alkoxysilyl compounds: chemical surface modification of nano‐porous alumina membrane using alkoxysilylazobenzenes
Authors: Kakiage Kenji , Yamamura Masaki , Ido Erika , Kyomen Toru , Unno Masafumi , Hanaya Minoru 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn order to clarify the chemical adsorption properties of alkoxysilyl compounds to metal‐oxide surface quantitatively and to obtain the information on the reaction conditions for the efficient surface modification, the chemical surface modifications of nano‐porous alumina membranes (NPAMs) by typical alkoxysilyl compounds of 4‐(triethoxysilyl)azobenzene, 4‐(diethoxyphenylsilyl)azobenzene, 4‐(ethoxydiphenylsilyl)azobenzene and 4‐(methoxydimethylsilyl)azobenzene were examined. The chemical surface modifications were performed by immersing NPAMs into the solutions of the alkoxysilylazobenzenes. Especially for 4‐(triethoxysilyl)azobenzene, the modification was investigated precisely by changing the solvent, temperature, concentration and water content of the solutions to reveal the effects of the reaction conditions on the adsorption property of alkoxysilyl compounds to metal oxides. The NPAMs having chemically modified surface were prepared successfully by the immersing method, and the alkoxysilylazobenzenes were confirmed to be bound on the NPAM surface through SiOAl bonds, which were indicated to be formed mainly by the direct condensation reaction between the alkoxysilyl groups of the azobenzenes and the hydroxy groups on the NPAM surface. The amounts of the azobenzenes adsorbed on the NPAM surface were estimated quantitatively by a visible absorption spectroscopy, and the results showed that the solutions with non‐polar solvents, higher temperatures and higher concentrations are suitable for the efficient surface modification. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wood–polymer composites prepared by the in situ polymerization of monomers within wood
Authors: Li Yong‐Feng , Liu Yi‐Xing , Wang Xiang‐Ming , Wu Qing‐Lin , Yu Hai‐Peng , Li Jian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWood–polymer composites (WPCs) were prepared from poplar wood (P.
ussuriensis Komarov) in a two‐step procedure. Maleic anhydride (MAN) was first dissolved in acetone and impregnated into wood; this was followed by a heat process; and then, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and styrene (St) were further impregnated into the MAN‐treated wood, followed by a second thermal treatment. Finally, the novel WPC was fabricated. The reactions occurring in the WPC, the aggregation of the resulting polymers, and their interaction with the wood substrate were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The performance of WPC was also evaluated in terms of the mechanical properties and durability, which were then correlated with the structural analysis of the WPC. The test results show that MAN and GMA/St chemically reacted with the wood cell walls in sequence, and the quantity of hydroxyl groups in the wood cell walls was evidently reduced. Meanwhile, St copolymerized with GMA or MAN, and the resulting polymers mainly filled in the wood cell lumen in an amorphous form, tightly contacting the wood cell walls without noticeable gaps. As a result, the mechanical properties, decay resistance, and dimensional stability of the WPC were remarkably improved over those of the untreated wood, and its glass‐transition temperature also increased. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preclinical comparison of intravenous melphalan pharmacokinetics administered in formulations containing either (SBE)7 m‐β‐cyclodextrin or a co‐solvent system
Authors: Koltun Maria , Morizzi Julia , Katneni Kasiram , Charman Susan A. , Shackleford David M. , McIntosh Michelle P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of sulfobutyl ether β‐cyclodextrin ((SBE)7 m‐β‐CD; Captisol®) on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of melphalan in rats. Melphalan is a chemically unstable antineoplastic drug which in the current commercial formulation (Alkeran® for Injection) has some limitations with regard to solubility, stability and biocompatibility. Melphalan formulations containing (SBE)7 m‐β‐CD have previously been evaluated in vitro and shown to significantly reduce the rate of degradation and to simplify the reconstitution procedure for lyophilised melphalan. In this study, melphalan was administered intravenously in rats in formulations that either contain (SBE)7 m‐β‐CD or a co‐solvent system (i.e. the commercial formulation). Pharmacokinetic parameters, including half‐life, volume of distribution, clearance and extent of renal elimination of melphalan were essentially unchanged between the two formulations. These findings indicate that the pharmacokinetics of melphalan are not altered in the presence of (SBE)7 m‐β‐CD consistent with a rapid shift in the equilibrium to the fully dissociated drug from the fraction associated with the cyclodextrin host molecule upon intravenous administration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cryptorchidism and hypospadias as a sign of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS): Environmental connection
Authors: Toppari Jorma , Virtanen Helena E. , Main Katharina M. , Skakkebaek Niels E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCryptorchidism and hypospadias are common genital birth defects that affect 2–9% and 0.2–1% of male newborns, respectively. The incidence of both defects shows large geographic variation, and in several countries increasing trends have been reported. The conditions share many risk factors, and they are also interlinked to the risk of testis cancer and poor semen quality. Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome (TDS) may underlie many cases of all these male reproductive health problems. Genetic defects in androgen production or action can cause both cryptorchidism and hypospadias, but these are not common. A monogenic reason for cryptorchidism or hypospadias has been identified only in a small proportion of all cases. Environmental effects appear to play a major role in TDS. Exposure to several persistent chemicals has been found to be associated with the risk of cryptorchidism, and exposure to anti‐androgenic phthalates has been shown to be associated with hormonal changes predisposing to male reproductive problems. Despite progress in identification of endocrine‐disrupting substances, we are still far from knowing all the risk factors for these birth defects, and advice for prevention must be based on precautionary principles. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.