bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal outcomes and four‐year follow‐up after spontaneous or iatrogenic preterm prelabor rupture of membranes before 24 weeks
Authors: CHAULEUR CÉLINE , ROCHIGNEUX STÉPHANIE , SEFFERT PIERRE , CHENE GAUTIER , BILLIEMAZ KAREN , COLLET FRÉDÉRIQUE 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective. To assess the neonatal outcome and four‐year follow‐up of pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) before 24 weeks. Design. Retrospective study. Setting. University Hospital of Saint Etienne, tertiary level center, France. Methods. Obstetric and neonatal records of 38 pregnancies and 44 fetuses born between 1999 and 2004 (six years) with PPROM between 14 and 23 + 6 weeks of gestation were studied. We analyzed spontaneous (group A) and iatrogenic PPROM (Group B) cases, including maternal, fetal, placental, and neonatal characteristics. Surviving infants were followed until the age of four. Results. Median gestational age at PPROM was 21 weeks [range 15–23 + 6]. Of the 38 women with PPROM, 22 (A) had spontaneous PPROM and 16 (B) underwent an invasive procedure during pregnancy. Expectant management was applied to 25 women: 12 (13 fetuses) from group A and 13 (16 fetuses) from group B. Median latency from PPROM to delivery was 35 days [range 1–163 days]. The two groups showed significant differences. The overall survival rate was 59% (17 fetuses) and three babies from group A died in the hospital. Survival rate of infants discharged from hospital was 48% (14/29). Of 14 surviving infants, 71% had a normal neurological and developmental outcome at four years. Only two infants from group A survived without obvious sequelae. Conclusion. Pregnancy after iatrogenic PPROM had a better prognosis than after spontaneous PPROM. Intensive management with corticosteroids and antibiotics appeared to be helpful. Neonatal survival in spontaneous PPROM before 24 weeks remained very poor and discussing pregnancy termination in these cases seems legitimate.
Amniotic fluid embolism: Still a diagnostic enigma for obstetrician and pathologist?
Authors: TURILLAZZI EMANUELA , GRECO PANTALEO , NERI MARGHERITA , POMARA CRISTOFORO , RIEZZO IRENE , FINESCHI VITTORIO 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEight fatal cases of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) are described to identify definable and preventable risk factors increasing the incidence of AFE. Maternal age, past medical history, previous pregnancies and outcome, prenatal care, gestational age, neonatal outcome, mode of delivery, time of the onset of clinical symptoms, and maternal autopsy findings were retrospectively analyzed. Risk factors and clinical manifestations present in the patients were investigated. Peripartum clinical information included tachycardia and shock as the most frequent symptoms (62.5%), while bradycardia and coma were present in 37.5% of the victims. The interval between onset of labor and symptoms ranged between 0.4 and 7.5 hours. All the women died within seven hours of the onset of the symptoms. AFE can neither be predicted nor prevented as cases occur sporadically with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations that are less consistent than that previously reported.
Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy of microcalcifications detected at screening mammography
Authors: Cho Nariya , Moon Woo Kyung , Cha Joo Hee , Kim Sun Mi , Jang Mijung , Chang Jung Min , Chung Se Yeong 
Published: May 2009

Background: Microcalcifications detected at screening mammography are frequently diagnosed by means of a stereotactic biopsy. Ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous breast biopsy has several advantages over stereotactic biopsy, e.g., it offers real-time needle visualization, improves patient comfort, the procedure time is generally considered to be shorter, and it usually does not require ionizing radiation or dedicated equipment. Purpose: To assess the frequency of calcification retrieval and factors affecting retrieval success for US-guided 11-G vacuum-assisted biopsies of microcalcifications. Material and Methods: Seventy-five consecutive women (age range: 25–68 years, mean age: 47 years) with 75 lesions of microcalcifications detected at screening mammography underwent US-guided 11-G vacuum-assisted biopsy. Calcification retrieval was defined as being successful when calcifications were detected in radiographs of specimens. Mammographic, ultrasonographic, and histologic findings were analyzed to identify factors that affected calcification retrieval. Results: Among 75 lesions that had US-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy, calcifications were retrieved in 53 (71%) lesions. Calcification retrieval was more frequent for lesions; associated with masses or dilated ducts at US (85% [41/48] vs. 44% [12/27], P<0.001), located in the anterior or middle part of the breast vs. posterior part of the breast (81% [47/58] vs. 35% [6/17], P=0.001), of maximal diameter more than 10 mm (82% [41/50] vs. 48% [12/25], P=0.002), with a segmental or regional distribution vs. clustered distribution (95% [18/19] vs. 63% [35/56], P=0.008), or lesions of category 4c or 5 vs. category 4a or 4b (100% [8/8] vs. 67% [45/67], P=0.054) at mammography. Conclusion: US-guided 11-G vacuum-assisted biopsy retrieved calcifications from 71% (53/75) of lesions. Successful calcification retrieval was found to be related to the visibility of associated masses or dilated ducts by US, and to lesion depth, size, and distribution, and level of suspicion at mammography.
Quantitative apparent diffusion coefficients in the characterization of brain tumors and associated peritumoral edema
Authors: Server A. , Kulle B. , Mæhlen J. , Josefsen R. , Schellhorn T. , Kumar T. , Langberg C.W. , Nakstad P.H. 
Published: May 2009

Background: Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has a number of limitations in the diagnosis of the most common intracranial brain tumors, including tumor specification and the detection of tumoral infiltration in regions of peritumoral edema. Purpose: To prospectively assess if diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) could be used to differentiate between different types of brain tumors and to distinguish between peritumoral infiltration in high-grade gliomas, lymphomas, and pure vasogenic edema in metastases and meningiomas. Material and Methods: MR imaging and DWI was performed on 93 patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors: 59 patients had histologically verified high-grade gliomas (37 glioblastomas multiforme, 22 anaplastic astrocytomas), 23 patients had metastatic brain tumors, five patients had primary cerebral lymphomas, and six patients had meningiomas. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of tumor (enhancing regions or the solid portion of tumor) and peritumoral edema, and ADC ratios (ADC of tumor or peritumoral edema to ADC of contralateral white matter, ADC of tumor to ADC of peritumoral edema) were compared with the histologic diagnosis. ADC values and ratios of high-grade gliomas, primary cerebral lymphomas, metastases, and meningiomas were compared by using ANOVA and multiple comparisons. Optimal thresholds of ADC values and ADC ratios for distinguishing high-grade gliomas from metastases were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Statistically significant differences were found for minimum and mean of ADC tumor and ADC tumor ratio values between metastases and high-grade gliomas when including only one factor at a time. Including a combination of in total four parameters (mean ADC tumor, and minimum, maximum and mean ADC tumor ratio) resulted in sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of 72.9, 82.6, 91.5, and 54.3% respectively. In the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve of the combined four parameters was the largest (0.84), indicating a good test. Conclusion: Our results suggest that ADC values and ADC ratios (minimum and mean of ADC tumor and ADC tumor ratio) may be helpful in the differentiation of metastases from high-grade gliomas. It cannot distinguish high-grade gliomas from lymphomas, and lymphomas from metastases. ADC values and ADC ratios in peritumoral edema cannot be used to differentiate edema with infiltration of tumor cells from vasogenic edema when measurements for high-grade gliomas, lymphomas, metastases, and meningiomas were compared.
Fishery management responses to climate change in the North Pacific
Authors: Stram Diana L. , Evans Diana C. K. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Stram, D. L., and Evans, D. C. K. 2009. Fishery management responses to climate change in the North Pacific. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1633–1639. In the North Pacific, warming trends, coupled with declining sea ice, raise concerns about the effects of climate change on fish populations and ecosystem dynamics. Scientists are only beginning to understand the potential feedback mechanisms that will affect everything from plankton populations to major commercial fish species distributions, yet fishery managers have a responsibility to prepare for and respond to changing fishing patterns and potential ecosystem effects. There are ways for fishery managers to be proactive, while waiting for better information to unfold. The North Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) and the National Marine Fisheries Service have jurisdiction over offshore fisheries in Alaska, USA. Recently, the Council has undertaken risk-averse management actions, in light of uncertainty about the effects of warming trends (and loss of sea ice) and resulting changes to fishing activities in the North Pacific. The Council has assessed whether opportunities for unregulated fishing could result from changes in fish distribution, has closed the Arctic Ocean to all commercial fishing pending further research, and has established extensive area closures where fishing with bottom-trawl gear is prohibited to protect vulnerable crab habitat and to control the northern expansion of the trawl fleet into newly ice-free waters. In cases where linkages between climate variables and fish distributions can be identified, the Council is developing adaptive management measures to respond to varying distributions of fish and shellfish. Finally, the Council has also tried to re-examine existing information to gain a better understanding of climate and ecosystem effects on fishery management. The pilot Fishery Ecosystem Plan for the Aleutian Islands maps interactions among climate factors and ecosystem components and suggests indicators for the Council to monitor.
Assessment of selection mapping near the myostatin gene (GDF‐8) in cattle
Authors: Wiener P. , Gutiérrez‐Gil B. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryDomestic species provide a unique opportunity to examine the effects of selection on the genome. The myostatin gene (GDF‐8) has been under strong selection in a number of cattle breeds because of its influence on muscle conformation and association with the ‘double‐muscling’ phenotype. This study examined genetic diversity near this gene in a set of breeds including some nearly fixed for the allele associated with double‐muscling (MH), some where the allele is segregating at intermediate frequency and some where the allele is absent. A set of microsatellites and SNPs were used to examine patterns of diversity at the centromeric end of bovine chromosome 2, the region where GDF‐8 is located, using various statistical methods. The putative position of a selected gene was moved across the genomic region to determine, by regression, a best position of reduced heterozygosity. Additional analyses examined extended homozygous regions and linkage disequilibrium patterns. While the SNP data was not found to be very informative for selection mapping in this dataset, analyses of the microsatellite data provided evidence of selection on GDF‐8 in several breeds. These results suggested that, of the breeds examined, the allele was most recently introduced into the South Devon. Limitations to the selection‐mapping approach were highlighted from the analysis of the SNP data and the situation where the MH allele was at intermediate frequency.
Seven novel KIT mutations in horses with white coat colour phenotypes
Authors: Haase B. , Brooks S. A. , Tozaki T. , Burger D. , Poncet P.‐A. , Rieder S. , Hasegawa T. , Penedo C. , Leeb T. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryWhite coat colour in horses is inherited as a monogenic autosomal dominant trait showing a variable expression of coat depigmentation. Mutations in the KIT gene have previously been shown to cause white coat colour phenotypes in pigs, mice and humans. We recently also demonstrated that four independent mutations in the equine KIT gene are responsible for the dominant white coat colour phenotype in various horse breeds. We have now analysed additional horse families segregating for white coat colour phenotypes and report seven new KIT mutations in independent Thoroughbred, Icelandic Horse, German Holstein, Quarter Horse and South German Draft Horse families. In four of the seven families, only one single white horse, presumably representing the founder for each of the four respective mutations, was available for genotyping. The newly reported mutations comprise two frameshift mutations (c.1126_1129delGAAC; c.2193delG), two missense mutations (c.856G>A; c.1789G>A) and three splice site mutations (c.338‐1G>C; c.2222‐1G>A; c.2684+1G>A). White phenotypes in horses show a remarkable allelic heterogeneity. In fact, a higher number of alleles are molecularly characterized at the equine KIT gene than for any other known gene in livestock species.
A missense mutation (p.Leu2153His) of thefactor VIIIgene causes cattle haemophilia A
Authors: Khalaj M. , Abbasi A. R. , Shimojo K. , Moritomo Y. , Yoneda K. , Kunieda T. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryTwo cases of hereditary bleeding disorder diagnosed as haemophilia A were recently observed in Japanese Brown cattle. We sequenced the entire coding region of thefactor VIIIgene of the affected animals to find a causative mutation. A nucleotide substitution of T to A resulting in an amino acid substitution of leucine to histidine (p.Leu2153His) was identified in a highly conserved residue in the C1 domain of factor VIII. Genotyping of 254 normal animals including the pedigree of the affected animals and randomly sampled animals of different breeds confirmed that the substitution is the causative mutation of cattle haemophilia A.
Maraviroc modelling strategy: use of early phase 1 data to support a semi‐mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model
Authors: Weatherley Barry , McFadyen Lynn 
Published: May 2009

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • The non‐compartmental pharmacokinetics of maraviroc have been published for a number of phase 1 studies (including mass balance) but there has been no previous attempt to integrate the results into a model that is of utility beyond phase 1. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This study provides a novel approach for pooling phase 1 non‐compartmental data (normalized AUC) and assessing the influence of key covariates for drugs with non‐linear/complex absorption patterns. We show a detailed example of how data may be integrated from a number of studies/sources in early drug development to construct semi‐mechanistic pharmacokinetic models (partitioning absorption and extraction components) for later phase applications (population pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics).AIMSTo model the basic pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of maraviroc to construct an integrated semi‐mechanistic PK model for use in later population PK analyses.METHODSThree analyses were performed utilizing intravenous, oral and radiolabel data. Firstly, a PK disposition model was developed from data from 20 healthy males who received 3, 10 or 30 mg of intravenous maraviroc. Secondly, a sigmoid Emaxvs dose model of dose‐normalized non‐compartmental AUC from oral dosing in 134 healthy young males and females across five phase 1 studies was constructed. This described absorption dose non‐linearities and tested for the influence of food, formulation and dose frequency on model parameters. The third analysis developed a mass balance model for both absorption and disposition of maraviroc with 300 mg solution and predicted the mass balance after administration of 100 mg tablet formulation.RESULTSA four‐compartment PK model best described the intravenous data and no influence of dose was found on clearance. Total clearance was 48 l h−1 (2.2% SE). The main covariate effect in the non‐compartmental analysis reproduced the dose‐dependency of food through a five‐fold increase in the ED50 of the sigmoid Emax model. The mass balance models calculated that 33.3% and 22.9% of 300 mg solution and 100 mg tablet doses, respectively, are systemically available, and first‐pass metabolism extracts 62% of an absorbed dose, estimating a hepatic blood flow of 101 l h−1.CONCLUSIONSThe analysis demonstrates a novel integration approach to build a maraviroc semi‐mechanistic population PK model for further use in volunteers and patients.
Fractured reservoirs with fracture corridors
Authors: Questiaux Jean‐Marie , Couples Gary D. , Ruby Nicolas 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTOutcrop studies reveal a common occurrence of tabular zones of significantly‐increased fracture intensity affecting otherwise well‐lithified rocks. These zones, called fracture corridors, can have a profound effect on multi‐phase fluid flow in the subsurface. Using standard geo‐modelling tools, it is possible to generate 3D realizations of reservoirs that contain distributions of such fracture corridors that are consistent with observations, including the vertical frequency in pseudo‐wells inserted into the model at random locations. These models can generate the inputs to flow simulation. The approach adopted here is to run the flow simulations in a single‐porosity representation where the flow effects of fractures are upscaled into equivalent cell‐based properties, preserving a clear spatial relationship between the input geology and the resulting cellular model. The simulated reservoir performance outcomes are very similar to those seen in real oilfields: extreme variability between wells, early water breakthrough, disappointing recoveries and patchy saturation distributions. Thus, a model based on fracture corridors can provide an explanation for the observed flow performance of a suitable field. However, the use of seismics to identify fracture corridors is not an easy task. New work is needed to predict the seismic responses of fracture corridor systems to be able to judge whether it is likely that we can robustly detect and characterize these flow‐significant features adequately.
MyD88 and interferon‐α/β are differentially required for dendritic cell maturation but dispensable for development of protective memory against Listeria
Authors: Tam Miguel A. , Wick Mary Jo 
Published: May 2009

SummarySignalling pathways mediated by MyD88 are important for sensing Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands and directing an immune response. However, the influence of MyD88‐derived cytokines and interferon (IFN)‐α/β, the latter being made by both MyD88‐dependent and ‐independent pathways, in phenotypic and functional dendritic cell (DC) maturation during infection is poorly understood. Here we investigate the contribution of MyD88‐dependent and ‐independent pathways to DC maturation, CD8 T‐cell activation and the generation of protective memory against Listeria monocytogenes. We show that neither MyD88 deficiency alone nor MyD88/IFN‐αβR double deficiency alters Listeria‐induced costimulatory molecule up‐regulation on DCs in vivo. In contrast, DCs from infected IFN‐αβR−/− mice had higher CD80 and CD86 expression than wild‐type DCs. We then examined the function of DCs matured in infected knockout mice. We found that DCs from Listeria‐infected MyD88−/− and MyD88−/− IFN‐αβR−/− mice induced little or no IFN‐γ by CD8 T cells, respectively. In contrast, DCs from infected IFN‐αβR−/− mice had a greater capacity to induce IFN‐γ compared with DCs from infected wild‐type mice. When the CD8 T‐cell memory response was analysed, infected MyD88−/− and MyD88−/− IFN‐αβR−/− mice were found to have fewer bacteria‐specific memory CD8 T cells than wild‐type mice. However, the fraction of bacteria‐specific CD8 T cells making IFN‐γ was similar in all mouse strains, and MyD88−/− and MyD88−/− IFN‐αβR−/− mice survived lethal challenge. Together the data suggest an inhibitory effect of IFN‐α/β on functional DC maturation during Listeria infection and reveal overlapping roles of MyD88‐induced cytokines and IFN‐α/β in DC maturation and protective anti‐Listeria immunity.
Cloning, expression and functional analysis of a general odorant‐binding protein 2 gene of the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Gong Z.‐J. , Zhou W.‐W. , Yu H.‐Z. , Mao C.‐G. , Zhang C.‐X. , Cheng J.A. , Zhu Z.‐R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA full‐length cDNA encoding a general odorant binding protein 2 (GOBP2) was cloned from the antennae of the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), by the combination of reverse transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR (RACE‐PCR). The cDNA contains a 489 bp open reading frame, which encodes a 162 amino acid protein, termed as Ch. suppressalis GOBP2 (CsupGOBP2). CsupGOBP2 is similar in the number of amino acids and protein sequence to GOBP2s in other species of Lepidoptera. RT‐PCR results showed that CsupGOBP2 mRNA was highly expressed in the adult antennae of both females and males, as was CsupGOBP2 protein as revealed by Western blot analysis. CsupGOBP2 expressed in Escherichia coli was purified by affinity chromatography, refolding and gel filtration from the inclusion body. Fluorescence emission spectra and competitive binding assays by using N‐phenyl‐1‐naphthylamine as first binding ligand and odorants as potential competitors revealed that the CsupGOBP2 protein has significant affinity to cis‐11‐hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald), the main component of Ch. suppressalis pheromone and to laurinaldehyd and benzaldehyde, two general plant volatile aldehydes.
The Campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus vankyrin protein P‐vank‐1 inhibits apoptosis in insect Sf9 cells
Authors: Fath‐Goodin A. , Kroemer J. A. , Webb B. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus (CsIV) vankyrin genes encode proteins containing truncated ankyrin repeat domains with sequence homology to the inhibitory domains of NF‐κB transcription factor inhibitors, IκBs. The CsIV vankyrin proteins are thought to be involved in the suppression of NF‐κB activity during immune response and/or developmental events in the parasitized host. Here we report that when P‐vank‐1 was expressed stably from Sf9 cells, prolonged survival of these cells was observed after baculovirus infection, UV irradiation, and treatment with the apoptosis‐inducing chemical camptothecin compared to untransformed Sf9 cells. Furthermore, P‐vank‐1 inhibited nuclear and internucleosomal degradation and caspase activity after induction of apoptosis in Sf9 cells stably expressing P‐vank‐1. This is the first report of a polydnavirus protein with anti‐apoptotic function.