bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Christian Philosophy
Authors: Burton Simon J. G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the leading Reformed philosopher Bartholomäus Keckermann, his complex relation to Ramism, and his development of an influential methodical Peripateticism and Ramist encyclopaedism. It begins by considering Keckermann’s education and his exposure to Zabarellan Aristotelianism and anti-Ramism at the University of Heidelberg. It also reveals the contours of his methodical Peripateticism and its relation to a Thomistic approach critical of both Ramism’s Realism and its watering down of Aristotelian, syllogistic logic. By contrast, it then shows how Keckermann’s later spearheading of further reform in his home city of Danzig led him to pioneer a new Ramist systematization of knowledge. It also shows his debt to a Franciscan Christian philosophy and understanding of the encyclopaedia as a means of restoring the image of God and returning to Eden. This issues in a Trinitarian and therapeutic theology, as well as a Neo-Platonic vision of the transformation of Church and society.
Philosophical Panacea
Authors: Burton Simon J. G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the celebrated Reformed encyclopaedist Johann Heinrich Alsted; his attempts to harmonize Ramist, Lullist, and Aristotelian methods into a new harmonic philosophy; and his Trinitarian and mathematical reconfiguring of the horizons of knowledge. It begins by considering Alsted’s intellectual formation between the Ramism of Herborn and the Lullism and hermeticism of the University of Marburg, evident especially in his early engagement with the works of Giordano Bruno. It then considers his Lullist quest for a universal key to all knowledge and his Cusan and mathematical approach to the harmonization of all philosophies. It examines the roots of this in the Franciscan and Neo-Platonic traditions and traces the emergence of Alsted’s Triune universal method and biblical encyclopaedism. It also considers his relation to the Fabrist encyclopaedist Bernardo de Lavinheta and his Scotist-Lullist metaphysics. It concludes by showing how all these movements issued in a Trinitarian and apocalyptic encyclopaedism.
Universal Harmony
Authors: Burton Simon J. G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers Johann Heinrich Bisterfeld, his Trinitarian method of immeation, and his universal reform of Church and society. It begins by tracing Bisterfeld’s intellectual formation in Herborn, England, and the Netherlands and his extensive collaboration with Alsted in Transylvania in promoting a Trinitarian, encyclopaedic, and apocalyptic reform of the Principality. It then considers in-depth his use of Ramist and Lullist methods to develop a transcendental metaphysics and mathematized, combinatorial logic. At the heart of this was the Fabrist account of immeation encompassing the Trinitarian convertibility of mind, language, and reality. From here the chapter shows how Bisterfeld drew on Franciscan and Neo-Platonic paradigms to develop a mystical and encyclopaedic ascent to God, a new scriptural methodology, and a Ramistic logic of faith. It concludes by demonstrating Bisterfeld’s Trinitarian vision of the universal harmony of Church and society and its debt to Cusa and the Herborn Ramist Johannes Althusius.
Trauma Beyond Borders
Authors: Sandhya Shaifali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2, “Trauma Beyond Borders: At Sea in the World,” locates the nature of trauma both in refugees’ premigratory lives and in their dangerous journeys out of conflict zones, and examines the importance of a society’s resettlement climate for how refugees acquire negative social representation and its consequences. On the one hand are irregular journeys for asylum-seekers, especially women and children, which can mean being forced into commercial sexual exploitation, indentured labor, child marriages, sexual enslavement, being trafficked for their organs, and slavery-like practices. On the other hand, host nations impose an identity (i.e., pariah, patient, victim, and supplicant) on the refugee as the Other. A nation’s response to refugee trauma and a resettlement framework can be shaped by facets such as its own historical trauma. Using Germany as a case study, the chapter draws our attention to the role of its turbulent history with Judeocide and sexual violence during World War II in shaping its modern identity and the consequent generational conflicts of young Germans in shaping its response to the trauma of its modern refugees. Through interviews with its state officials, members of relief organizations, and mental health professionals, the chapter discusses some emerging issues and challenges with newly arrived asylum-seekers, and key integration themes within the German national asylum frameworks that may serve as barriers in addressing refugees’ complex trauma.
What’s the Trouble with Mrs. Khaled?
Authors: Sandhya Shaifali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7, “What’s the Trouble with Mrs. Khaled? The Mental Health of Refugee Women and Their Communities,” investigates the role of gender in the development or maintenance of complex trauma among conflict-affected forcibly displaced women. Conflict can affect the nature, extent, and frequency of traumatic events female refugees endure and the psychological, medical, and social consequences of gender-based violence on refugee women’s experiences of suffering. The exploration of gender-specific experiences of war and knowledge of their unique social-environmental contexts—e.g., political affiliations, ethnicity, cultural roles, and patriarchal norms—underscoring women’s traumas can allow us an opportunity to investigate the nature of their persecutions, expressions of suffering, and paths to recovery. When wars break out, social power is redistributed, and women can be targeted within their communities and families for their transgressions, while tasked with being caregivers. Nonrecognition of gender-based experiences of trauma or its consequences can downplay understanding of female refugees’ persecution, impact the rejection of gender-related asylum claims, neglect gender-sensitive interpretations of the Convention in States’ law and policy instruments, and target them as illegal immigrants than those who deserve equitable international protection. To facilitate female asylum seekers’ integration, the chapter underscores an urgency to incorporate clinical interventions with strategic social initiatives during the various displacement phases to address female refugees’ trauma for their own and their community’s empowerment.
Mental Health and Integration
Authors: Sandhya Shaifali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 9, “Mental Health and Integration: Structuring Refuge for Resettled Refugees,” discusses the role of receiving nations in designing better opportunities for access across different domains of integration for their refugee communities. Refugees’ successful integration boosts their well-being and provides various benefits for their hosts; conversely, lack of integration of refugee communities can exert costs through unemployment, stalling in career progression, poor health including suicide, presence of cardiovascular diseases, and loneliness. This chapter proposes a comprehensive definition of integration, and it explores the role of some exigent factors such as refugee’s untreated mental illness, the history of settlement of the particular refugee group, host nations’ reactions to refugees, type of host country (transit or target), colonial pasts, political culture, humanitarian traditions relating to the treatment of refugees, and the political will of elites. Using different national resettlement frameworks, the chapter also explores how integration processes, or the economic, legal, social, cultural, educational, and political aspects of policies, affect refugees’ participation, self-sufficiency, and empowerment in host societies.
The importance of policy in the opioid crisis
Authors: Ukockis Gail 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter delineates the reasons why social workers should study policy, especially regarding the opioid crisis. The impact of stigma is discussed in the “Let them die” section. A brief glimpse into the history of opioid addiction leads to a discussion of harm reduction. The structure of the book includes a chapter on the causes of the opioid crisis, the political context, a holistic view of poverty, the impact of the opioid crisis on the child welfare system, the impact on women, special populations such as persons of color, the criminal justice system, current challenges such as co-use of methamphetamines, and political advocacy.
The political context of the opioid crisis
Authors: Ukockis Gail 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 describes the opioid crisis in the context of U.S. politics, including the recent developments of political violence. Readers will learn how the political spectrum (liberal, conservative, etc.) affects the decisions that will stimulate or stymie the efforts to fight the crisis. Liberals and other leftists are more likely to stress collective responsibility, including government interventions for opioid use disorder. Conservatives and other right-wing advocates are more likely to stress personal responsibility and less government intervention. The chapter ends with a discussion of thoughtful activism and whether being a “radical is such a bad thing” in the context of Saul Alinsky and Frederick Douglass.
The punishing effects of poverty
Authors: Ukockis Gail 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 first presents a holistic view of poverty beyond the financial aspects, including time poverty. Besides the impact of stigma, this chapter focuses on the punishing effects of poverty and their relation to the opioid crisis. Appalachia had become one of the focal points of the opioid crisis as the region’s poverty intersected with drug use. The power of hierarchy (i.e., race-based classism) argument is discussed alongside the power of capitalism section, which stresses the “white trash” concept. A policy analysis of the Poverty Bill of Rights follows, then a section about Medicaid. Any kind of Medicaid coverage can be problematic because of the stigma of poverty.
Special populations
Authors: Ukockis Gail 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Special populations are the focus in Chapter 7 because the opioid crisis affects them differently. Minority stress affects most of these groups as they cope with being marginalized instead of respected as equals. Although each of these populations have unique gifts, they also face unique problems such as racism, xenophobia, ageism, and transphobia. For them, the fight to avoid being erased by society is critical to their overcoming the opioid crisis. Despite the popular perception that mostly whites are using opioids, persons of color are also struggling with opioid use disorder, including Blacks/AA. A case study of Washington, DC, where most overdose victims are Black/AA, shows the dilemma faced by local officials. Hispanic/Latinx and Native Americans are also discussed, besides older adults, veterans, and active service members. Transgender/nonbinary persons are another special population.
The role of criminal justice in the opioid crisis
Authors: Ukockis Gail 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 exposes the problematic intersection of the criminal justice system with the opioid crisis, especially the impacts of mass incarceration. The War on Drugs, which prioritizes punishment over treatment, has had a decisive influence on the opioid crisis. Drug use and treatment in prisons/jails are also discussed, besides the social costs of mass incarceration. The impact of mass incarceration on justice-involved persons includes the barriers to successful re-entry into society. The section titled “Fixing a broken system” describes criminal justice reforms such as second look laws. Reform is not only possible but absolutely essential for a more just society.
Ongoing challenges
Authors: Ukockis Gail 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
COVID-19 is one of the ongoing challenges in Chapter 9, especially since social isolation and limited treatment access contributed to a shocking rise in overdose deaths. The disruption of most social service agencies was also a hardship for many clients during the pandemic The co-use of methamphetamine (meth) has emerged as another challenge. Speedballs and goofballs are two names for the co-use of opioids and meth when they are injected together. Also, fentanyl (synthetic heroin) is proving to be a deadly risk for all persons who use any street drugs because of widespread contamination of cocaine and other substances. A discussion about the stigma of SUD follows.
Introduction
Authors: Loew Peter Oliver 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The introduction presents an initial picture of the city of Gdańsk, Poland, along with its unique history and identity. Gdańsk has been a repeated focal point of international tension: the Second World War began there, as did the fall of European communism. The city has spent much of its recorded history as a prize coveted by surrounding powers, and twice it suffered near total destruction. It has been Pomeranian, Teutonic, Polish, Prussian, twice a “Free City,” and part of two totalitarian regimes in the twentieth century. Entire eras of its history have been rewritten to fit conflicting ideological narratives, and yet the city has also developed an identity all its own, one that has emerged from each historical episode and still endures.
Wheat-Blond and Rye-Brown
Authors: Loew Peter Oliver 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 covers the two centuries of Danzig’s golden age under the Polish crown. With the help of Poland, Danzig and the Prussian Confederation seceded from the Teutonic Order after winning the Thirteen Years’ War and became “Royal Prussia,” a group of German-speaking cities subject to Poland. Danzig’s new political status would lead to unheard-of opportunities for economic, artistic, and scientific development, even during the upheavals of the Protestant Reformation. Danzig carved out a unique position for itself among other Polish subjects and enjoyed unusual privilege and independence. Its wealth grew so greatly that it even successfully stood up to the king and defied his armies during a dispute. By 1650, Danzig had become the largest city between Amsterdam and Moscow.
Prussian Blue
Authors: Loew Peter Oliver 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 follows the newly Prussian city of Danzig through turbulence and prosperity. Danzig had been part of Prussia for only fourteen years when Napoleon besieged and took the city in 1807. For seven difficult years, Danzig had become a “free city” overseen by a French governor and exploited for Napoleon’s profit. After the city returned to Prussia, it underwent a rapid economic recovery, as well as a less rapid modernization and industrialization. As modern nationalisms developed in nineteenth-century Europe, Danzig increasingly clung to its culturally and politically German identity, and local anti-Polonism increased. In the face of this, the small Polish population began to assert itself with Polish clubs, newspapers, and festivals. The chapter also discusses the lives of Kashubian and Jewish populations in Danzig. The First World War broke out in 1914 and planted the seeds of future developments that would thrust a uniquely critical role on Danzig in twentieth-century Europe.
Variations in White and Red
Authors: Loew Peter Oliver 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 examines the newly Polish city of Gdańsk amid the immense social and political upheaval brought about by the end of the Second World War. Following the war’s end, hundreds of thousands of Danzig Germans were forced to leave their home and move west. In Gdańsk’s reconstruction over the city’s first few postwar decades as part of the Soviet Union, the Polish and local government resolved to erase, as far as possible, any traces of the city’s German past as they established a new municipal identity. German writer and Danzig native Günter Grass gained international fame with his novels that not only prominently featured his hometown but also rejected any oversimplified, nationalist categorizations of Gdańsk as a “German” or “Polish” city. Gdańsk developed much more industrially than it had as part of Prussia and Germany, and the city became renowned for its shipyards and ship construction. Thousands of workers would revolt in 1970, and the aftershocks would ultimately lead to the end of the USSR.
Kaleidoscope
Authors: Loew Peter Oliver 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 9 recounts the developments in Gdańsk that would ultimately contribute to the fall of European communism and the city’s unique liberal identity in an increasingly nationalist Poland in the new millenium. The discontent of the early 1970s continued in the face of repression and led to renewed revolts in 1980, now led by the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union “Solidarity” (Solidarność) under its leader, Lech Wałęsa. Solidarity gained such momentum that its eventual success would help topple the Soviet Union. In recent decades, the people of Gdańsk have gained a greater interest in the city’s multifaceted past, and they now eagerly seek out Gdańsk’s histories as told by a variety of voices. The city continues to discover and define its unique identity, and despite the 2019 assassination of its longtime mayor Paweł Adamowicz, Gdańsk remains a liberal stronghold in a Poland once again facing the danger of political extremism.
Zwingli’s Covenantal Turn of 1525
Authors: Hildebrand Pierrick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mid-1525 saw a paradigm shift in Zwingli’s theological thinking on the covenant. In a defense of his understanding of the Eucharist against the accusations of his Roman Catholic opponents in Zurich, Zwingli used for the first time an argument rooted in the fundamental continuity of the covenant. The pivotal bible text is God’s covenant with Abraham in Genesis 17, from which Zwingli looked back to the protoevangelion as the first mention of the covenant and forward to Christ as its fulfillment. The arc of the whole biblical narrative now proposed a single covenant (foedus) of grace. The notion of a prelapsarian covenant can be found in his later writings. Zwingli’s covenantal turn reflected his intensive exegesis of the Book of Genesis at the new Bible seminary in Zurich, while covenant theology coupled with the doctrine of election was of particular importance in the context of the Anabaptist controversy.
Calvin
Authors: Hildebrand Pierrick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Scholars have often given far greater weight to Calvin’s influence on the Reformed tradition than to Bullinger’s, but this chapter rebalances the scales in relation to their covenant theology. The comparative evaluation focuses on four aspects of great importance for the original development of Reformed covenant theology in Zurich: covenantal continuity; covenant and union with Christ; covenant and sacraments; prelapsarian covenant. The chapter demonstrates that Calvin neither departed from nor developed Bullinger’s insights, but instead integrated them into his theology. Differences in emphasis are apparent, but they are more quantitative than qualitative in nature. Thus, for example, Bullinger was more often explicit in his equation of the covenant with union with Christ; in terms of covenantal terminology, he drew on richer resources; and he generally used the covenant in a wider spectrum of genres and for different theological concerns.
Heidelberg
Authors: Hildebrand Pierrick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Heidelberg theologians Zacharias Ursinus (1534–1583) and Caspar Olevian (1536–1587) integrated into their covenant theology aspects that had roots in Zurich, such as the covenantal view of the prelapsarian state of man and above all the organic-mystical aspect of the covenant. On a historical level, the nature of the relationship between Bullinger and the Heidelberg theologians makes it very likely that the former influenced the latter not simply in more general terms (i.e., the covenant idea) but also on these specific issues. While Melanchthon’s and Calvin’s contributions to these early orthodox confessional formulations are not to be dismissed, Bullinger must be recognized as having played a more prominent role in this new stage in Reformed covenant theology than was previously assumed.
Introduction
Authors: Cyr Jennifer , Goodman Sara Wallace 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This is a book about doing good qualitative research. What does that mean? In this chapter, we provide an introduction to the volume. We begin by familiarizing the reader with extant publishing and research challenges, and we focus specifically on the disciplinary incentives that tend to promote the use of quantitative work. We then offer our own definition of good qualitative research. We suggest that it comprises five attributes: rigor, alignment, flexibility, ethics, and inclusion. Finally, we conclude by laying out the plan of the book. We provide suggestions on how a reader may wish to approach the multiple chapters that follow and include a series of potential uses for readers.
The Construction of Knowledge
Authors: Lee Jooyoun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter seeks to challenge the conception of objectivity underlying the idea of scientific knowledge, which has been incorporated into the social sciences and is modeled on the scientific criteria embraced by the natural sciences. By addressing the ontological and epistemological critiques of objective knowledge and the ideas of an impartial, value-free stance of the knower/researcher, the chapter highlights the idea that knowledge is socially constructed by accentuating the role of humans, the social and historical context, the multiplicity of human experience, and relations of power. The state of practice of “doing” the construction of knowledge analyzes the role of representation and discourses by providing concrete examples of conducting research. The chapter concludes by discussing potential problems that researchers might confront and providing some tips to help them overcome those issues.
Case Study and Selection
Authors: Goodman Sara Wallace 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents and critically examines best practices for case study research and case selection. In reviewing prominent case study criteria that prioritize objective, analytical needs of research design (“appropriateness”), the chapter argues that overlooked considerations of feasibility (including positionality, resources, and skills) and interest play equally important roles when selecting and studying cases. The chapter concludes by arguing for an iterative process of research design, one that equally weighs pragmatic considerations and academic concerns of best fit. This strategy hopes to make qualitative research more accessible and transparent and to diversify the types of cases we study and questions we ask.
The Potential of Mixed Methods for Qualitative Research
Authors: Gerzso Thalia , Riedl Rachel Beatty 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With an expanding set of mixed-method research designs, the chapter discusses the benefits and limitations of common methodological tools used in political science scholarship and outlines the potential and pitfalls of each multimethod combination and sequence. For qualitative researchers, incorporating a mixed-method approach can significantly expand the generalizability of the study and/or enhance the precision of causal estimates, compare causes with counterfactual nonevents, flush out the theoretical logic and set of underlying assumptions, and/or identify causal processes at different levels of analysis. The richness of possibility presents opportunities for scholars to explore and even iterate their research designs as new observable implications of the argument become clear from the existing methodological approach, opening new horizons for political science and knowledge accumulation.