bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of volumetric measurement of teeth in vivo based on cone beam computer tomography
Authors: Wang Y , He S , Yu L , Li J , Chen S 
Published: October 2011

To cite this article:
Wang Y, He S, Yu L, Li J, Chen S:  Accuracy of volumetric measurement of teeth in vivo based on cone beam computer tomography  Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:206–212Structured AbstractAuthors –  Wang Y, He S, Yu L, Li J, Chen SObjectives –  to evaluate the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for volumetric measurement of teeth, using micro‐computed tomography (Micro‐CT) as the reference standard.Setting and Sample Population –  The Department of Orthodontics at Sichuan University. The sample consisted of 27 maxillary and mandibular premolars of 15 patients, planned to be extracted for orthodontic treatment.Material and Methods –  The 27 teeth were subjected to standardized CBCT scanning before extraction and Micro‐CT scanning after extraction. From CBCT data, teeth were tissue segmented and then three‐dimensionally (3D) reconstructed, while from Micro‐CT data, teeth were 3D reconstructed directly. Tooth volumes were then calculated. The intra‐observer repeatability and reproducibility of two observers and the overall between‐instrument agreement of the measurements were evaluated using intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), respectively.Results –  The intra‐observer repeatability was high for both observers. ICCs were 0.999 and 0.998, respectively. The reproducibility of the two observers was also high (ICC, 0.740). The overall between‐instrument agreement of the measurements was good, and CCC was 0.993 and its lower 95% confidence interval was 0.989.Conclusions –  The accuracy of the CBCT method for volumetric measurement of teeth in vivo is comparable to the Micro‐CT method in vitro. The CBCT method has the potential possibility to be applied in studies on root resorption associated with orthodontic force. Further study is needed to prove the sensitivity of the method.
The effect of an anterior biteplate on dental and skeletal Class II correction using headgears: a cephalometric study
Authors: Thurman MM , King GJ , Ramsay DS , Wheeler TT , Phillips C 
Published: October 2011

To cite this article:
Thurman MM, King GJ, Ramsay DS, Wheeler TT, Phillips C:  The effect of an anterior biteplate on dental and skeletal Class II correction using headgears: a cephalometric study  Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:213–221Structured AbstractAuthors –  Thurman MM, King GJ, Ramsay DS, Wheeler TT, Phillips, CObjective –  To test the hypothesis that there are significant differences in skeletal and/or dental changes between Class II subjects treated with headgear (HG) compared with those treated with HG plus maxillary acrylic biteplate (BP) discluding teeth.Setting and Sample Population –  Secondary analysis performed in Department of Orthodontics at the University of Washington. Fifty pre‐adolescent Class II subjects were treated with HG as part of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) at the University of North Carolina/Chapel Hill, and 81 similar subjects were treated with HG plus a flatplane maxillary anterior BP for occlusal separation and anterior labial bow at the University of Florida as part of a separate RCT.Material and Methods –  This retrospective cohort study examined anteroposterior (AP) and vertical cephalometric changes in two cohorts of Class II subjects. Pre‐ and post‐treatment cephalometric radiographs for each group were obtained from the two centers and measured for dental and skeletal changes. These data were adjusted for differences in magnification and compared using ancova, controlling for important cohort and protocol differences between the two centers.Results –  Overbite and maxillary incisor inclinations were reduced significantly more in the HG/BP group. All other vertical and AP changes were not statistically significantly different between the groups.Conclusion –  The maxillary anterior BP with labial bow is an effective appliance for reducing overbite and retracting incisors but provides no additional AP dental or skeletal benefit over HG treatment.
Tooth size and dental arch dimensions: a stereophotogrammetric study in Southeast Asian Malays
Authors: Al‐Khatib AR , Rajion ZA , Masudi SM , Hassan R , Anderson PJ , Townsend GC 
Published: October 2011

To cite this article:
Al‐Khatib AR, Rajion ZA, Masudi SM, Hassan R, Anderson PJ, Townsend GC: Tooth size and dental arch dimensions: a stereophotogrammetric study in Southeast Asian Malays Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:243–253Structured AbstractAuthors –  Al‐Khatib AR, Rajion ZA, Masudi SM, Hassan R, Anderson PJ, Townsend GCObjective –  To investigate tooth size and dental arch dimensions in Malays using a stereophotogrammetric system.Setting and Sample Population –  The sample consisted of 252 subjects with ages ranged from 13 to 30 years.Materials and Methods –  Images of dental casts were captured by stereophotogrammetry and selected variables were measured using a three‐dimensional (3D) imaging system. Sex differences and changes associated with age were assessed, and interrelationships between different variables were explored within the study group.Results –  Men had significantly larger mesio‐distal crown widths and dental arch dimensions than women (p < 0.05). None of the dental arch dimensions or mesio‐distal crown widths showed a significant change because of age except the widths of the upper canine, lower first molar and central incisor. Significant correlations of tooth size with dental arch dimensions were found, particularly with arch lengths and perimeters. A principal component analysis showed interrelationships between the majority of tooth size variables with inter‐canine width, arch length and perimeter distances.Conclusion –  This study has established new reference data for tooth size and arch dimensions in Malays and demonstrated patterns of variation that are relevant to anthropologists interested in making comparisons within and between different populations and also to clinicians developing treatment plans for their patients. The study confirmed the accuracy of the 3D photogrammetric method for measuring dental casts.
Development of a New Implant Primary Stability Parameter: Insertion Torque Revisited
Authors: Degidi Marco , Daprile Giuseppe , Piattelli Adriano , Iezzi Giovanna 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aims of the study are to introduce a new parameter to measure primary stability and to evaluate the possible correlations between this parameter and bone density, initial bone‐to‐implant contact (IBIC), Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA), and peak insertion torque (IT).Material and Methods: The study was performed on three different types of fresh humid bovine bone: type I, type II, and type III. A total of 90 XiVE implants (30 per bone type) were used; implant insertion was performed with a calibrated maximum torque of 70 Ncm at predetermined 30 rpm. The IT data were recorded and exported as a curve; using a trapezoidal integration technique, the area underlying the curve was calculated: this area represents the variable torque work (VTW). Furthermore, peak IT and RFA were recorded; finally IBIC was calculated from histological specimens.Results: Spearman correlation analysis of the entire sample reveals that VTW presents a significant (p < .01) positive correlation with bone density; a significant (p < .05) positive correlation with IBIC, and a significant (p < .01) positive correlation with all the other primary stability parameters. Spearman correlation analysis of the three different groups show that VTW presents a significant positive correlation with IT in all three types of bone; on the other hand, VTW shows a negative not significant correlation with RFA in bone I, a positive significant correlation in bone II, and a positive not significant correlation in bone III. Furthermore, VTW shows a negative significant correlation with IBIC in bone I and a positive significant correlation in bone II and III.Conclusions: Within the limitations of an in vitro study, the VTW seems to be a promising parameter to measure implant primary stability.
A Comparative Volumetric Study of Symphysis Donor Defects, Unfilled or Filled with Bone Substitute
Authors: Schwartz‐Arad Devorah , Toti Paolo , Levin Liran , Laviv Amir , Guidetti Franco , Sbordone Ludovico 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives: Background Intraoral autogenous bone grafts are a convenient source of bone in reconstruction of the residual ridge before dental implant placement.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate bone volume of symphysis donor defects filled with bone substitute compared with unfilled symphysis donor defects.Patients, Materials and Methods: The study included 26 patients who underwent either alveolar ridge reconstruction or maxillary sinus elevation. Two groups were studied: symphyseal donor defects filled with bone substitute and unfilled symphyseal donor defects. Pre‐ and postoperative volumetric variables were determined using computed tomography scans and the software program SimPlant® (Materialise Dental Italia, Roma, Italy).Results: At 6 months postsurgery, the filled donor defects exhibited a significant increase in bone volume compared with unfilled donor defects (97.7% and 73.4%, respectively). At 18 months postsurgery, volume of unfilled donor defects was reevaluated with no significant increase in bone volume.Conclusions: Six months following block harvesting procedure, filled donor defects maintained bone volume, while unfilled donor sites generated defects that cannot achieve full regeneration; even not 18 months postblock harvesting.
“All‐on‐4” Immediate‐Function Concept for Completely Edentulous Maxillae: A Clinical Report on the Medium (3 Years) and Long‐Term (5 Years) Outcomes
Authors: Maló Paulo , de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Lopes Armando , Francischone Carlos , Rigolizzo Mauricio 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Immediate implant function has become an accepted treatment modality for fixed restorations in totally edentulous mandibles, whereas experience from immediate function in the edentulous maxilla is limited.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report on the medium‐ and long‐term outcomes of a protocol for immediate function of four implants (All‐on‐4™, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) supporting a fixed prosthesis in the completely edentulous maxilla.Materials and Methods: This retrospective clinical study included 242 patients with 968 immediately loaded implants (Brånemark System® TiUnite™, Nobelspeedy™, Nobel Biocare AB) supporting fixed complete‐arch maxillary all‐acrylic prostheses. A specially designed surgical guide was used to facilitate implant positioning and tilting of the posterior implants to achieve good bone anchorage and large interimplant distance for good prosthetic support. Follow‐up examinations were performed at 6 months, 1 year, and thereafter every 6 months. Radiographic assessment of the marginal bone level was performed after 3 and 5 years in function. Survival was estimated at patient level and implant level using the Kaplan–Meier product limit estimation with 95% confidence intervals.Results: Nineteen immediately loaded implants were lost in seventeen patients, giving a 5‐year survival rate estimation of 93% and 98% at patient and implant level, respectively. The survival rate of the prosthesis was 100%. The marginal bone level was, on average, 1.52 mm (standard deviation [SD] 0.3 mm) and 1.95 mm (SD 0.4 mm) from the implant/abutment junction after 3 and 5 years, respectively.Conclusion: The high survival rates at patient and implant level indicates that the immediate‐function concept for completely edentulous maxillae using the present protocol is viable in the medium‐ and long‐term outcomes.
Effects of feeding dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on meat quality at the late stage of the fattening period of Holstein steers
Authors: NADE Toshihiro , UCHIDA Kyouhei , OMORI Kouhei , MATSUBAYASHI Kenta , KIMURA Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTFeeding dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) during the late stage of the fattening period of Holstein steers was studied in regard to the influence on meat quality. Sixteen Holstein steers approximately 18 months old were used in this study. Eight animals were fed commercial concentrated feed for the entire fattening period. The other eight animals were fed 15% DDGS in the concentrated feed for 3 months before slaughtering. The moisture, ether extract and crude protein from both groups was approximately the same. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBA) value of storage for 7 days at 5°C from the animals fed DDGS showed a tendency to be lower (P = 0.059). The change in the TBA value during storage was also lower for the animals not fed DDGS (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the subcutaneous fat color between the two groups. The a*(measure of redness) and b*(measure of yellowness) of the M. longissimus from the animals fed DDGS showed a tendency to be lower (P = 0.051, 0.070). The fatty acid composition of the M. longissimus, subcutaneous and perirenal fat were not widely influenced by the feeding of DDGS. It is suggested that feeding 15% DDGS during the late stage of the fattening period for Holstein steers reduced the oxidation of the beef.
Effects of moisture content in quail litter on the physical characteristics after pelleting using a Siriwan Model machine
Authors: SUPPADIT Tawadchai , PONGPIACHAN Siwatt , PANOMSRI Siriwan 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTQuail litter (QL), a combination of accumulated quail manures, feathers, spilled feed and bedding materials, is a potential plant fertilizer, ruminant feed ingredient and other value‐added applications. In general, utilization of this litter has been limited to within a few kilometers of quail farms, because it has low density. Pelleting is one possible way to enhance storage, transportation and off‐site utilization. The purposes of this study were to show the procedures of pelleting and determine the effects of moisture content in fresh QL on the values of physical characteristics. Results obtained showed that bulk and particle densities of QL pellets decreased and increased, respectively, with an increase in moisture content. Porosity, durability, rupture force and decomposition were also affected by moisture content. Pelleting increased the bulk density of QL. Thus, this method more economically transported the litter from the quail farm to distant areas.
Expression analysis of an α‐1, 3‐galactosyltransferase, an enzyme that creates xenotransplantation‐related α–Gal epitope, in pig preimplantation embryos
Authors: CHI Haiying , SATO Masahiro , YOSHIDA Mitsutoshi , MIYOSHI Kazuchika 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTα‐1,3‐Galactosyltransferase (α‐GalT), an enzyme creating Galα1‐3Gal (α‐Gal) epitope on the cell surface in some mammalian species such as pigs, is known to be a key factor that causes hyperacute rejection upon transplantation from pigs to humans. To establish the RNA interference‐based suppression of endogenous α‐GalT messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis in porcine preimplantation embryos, we determined the suitable embryonic stage at which stage such approach is possible by using the semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) and the cytochemical method using a fluorescence‐labeled Bandeiraea simplicifolia Isolectin B4 (BS‐I‐B4). Staining with BS‐I‐B4 demonstrated that α‐Gal epitope expression was first recognized at the 8‐cell stage, and increased up to the hatched blastocyst stage. Single embryo‐based qRT‐PCR also confirmed this pattern. These results indicate that creation of α‐Gal epitope is proceeded by de novo synthesis of α‐GalT mRNA in porcine preimplantation embryos with peaking at the blastocyst stage.
Individual and contextual factors associated with childhood stunting in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Adekanmbi Victor T. , Kayode Gbenga A. , Uthman Olalekan A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStunting, a form of undernutrition, is the best measure of child health inequalities as it captures multiple dimensions of children's health, development and the environment where they live. The aim of this study was to quantify the predictors of childhood stunting in Nigeria. This study used data obtained from the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). A total of 28 647 children aged 0–59 months included in NDHS in 2008 were analysed in this study. We applied multilevel multivariate logistic regression analysis in which individual‐level factors were at the first level and community‐level factors at the second level. The percentage change in variance of the full model accounted for about 46% in odds of stunting across the communities. The present study found that the following predictors increased the odds of childhood stunting: male gender, age above 11 months, multiple birth, low birthweight, low maternal education, low maternal body mass index, poor maternal health‐seeking behaviour, poor household wealth and short birth interval. The community‐level predictors found to have significant association with childhood stunting were: child residing in community with high illiteracy rate and North West and North East regions of the country. In conclusion, this study revealed that both individual‐ and community‐level factors are significant determinants of childhood stunting in Nigeria.
Poor Antioxidant Status Exacerbates Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Jensen Peter Ø. , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Bjarnsholt Thomas , Hougen Hans P. , Høiby Niels , Ciofu Oana 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  Considerable evidence supports the presence of oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis (CF). The disease has long been associated with both increased production of reactive oxygen species and impaired antioxidant status, in particular during the chronic pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in CF. Guinea pigs are unable to synthesize ascorbate (ASC) or vitamin C, a major antioxidant of the lung, and thus like human beings rely on its presence in the diet. On this basis, guinea pigs receiving ASC‐deficient diet have been used as a model of oxidative stress. The aim of our study was to investigate the consequences of a 7‐day biofilm‐grown P. aeruginosa lung infection in 3‐month‐old guinea pigs receiving either ASC‐sufficient or ASC‐deficient diet for at least 2 months. The animals receiving ASC‐deficient diet showed significantly higher mortality during infection and increased respiratory burst of peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) compared with the animals receiving ASC sufficient diet. The inflammatory response at the site of lung infection consisted of PMNs and mononuclear leucocytes (MN), and higher PMN/MN ratios were present in animals on ASC‐deficient diet compared with animals on ASC sufficient diet. Measurements of the ASC levels in the lung were significantly decreased in infected compared with non‐infected animals. Interestingly, the infection by itself decreased the antioxidant capacity of the plasma (measured as plasma oxidizability) more than the ASC‐deficient diet, suggesting a high consumption of the antioxidants during infection. Our data show that poor antioxidant status exacerbates the outcome of biofilm‐related infections.
The Value of Brand and Convenience Attributes in Highly Processed Food Products
Authors: Ahmad Waseem , Anders Sven 
Published: October 2011

Researchers have long sought to better understand consumer preferences for various packaged foods and their attributes. Beyond price and taste, brand names, convenience, and increasingly diet‐health‐related cues are regarded as key attributes in attracting consumer demand. This paper applies a hedonic pricing model to a large panel of consumer packaged food products to estimate monetary value of brand, convenience, and other quality attributes in processed meat and seafood products using 2000–06 Nielsen aggregate weekly scanner data. We find evidence of consumer preferences for perceived “natural” and health attributes over products with higher degrees of processing. The results further indicate that the process of adding value to food products is intricate and dependent on multiple other indicators of product quality, not least health. As such, frozen natural chicken and seafood products may be considered by certain consumers as substitutes for fresh meat and seafood. This finding may carry further implications for the pricing and marketing of lower‐value products.Les chercheurs tentent depuis longtemps de mieux comprendre les préférences des consommateurs pour divers aliments emballés et leurs attributs. Outre le prix et le goût, la marque, l’aspect pratique et les logos santé sont considérés comme d’importants attributs pour accroître la demande des consommateurs. Dans le présent article, à l’aide de données scanographiques agrégées hebdomadaires obtenues auprès de Nielsen pour la période de 2000 à 2006, nous avons appliqué un modèle hédonistique des prix à un large éventail de produits alimentaires de consommation courante pour estimer la valeur monétaire de la marque, de l’aspect pratique et d’autres attributs de qualité dans le cas de produits de viande et de la mer transformés. Les résultats indiquent que les consommateurs ont une préférence pour les produits dits « naturels » et « santé» par rapport aux produits hautement transformés. Les résultats indiquent également que le processus d’ajout de valeur aux produits alimentaires est complexe et tributaire de nombreux autres indicateurs de qualité, y compris la santé. Certains consommateurs considèrent même les produits de la mer et le poulet naturel surgelés comme des substituts de viande et de produits de la mer frais. Cette observation peut avoir des incidences sur l’établissement des prix et la commercialisation de produits de faible valeur.
Individual Differences in Third‐Party Interventions: How Justice Sensitivity Shapes Altruistic Punishment
Authors: Lotz Sebastian , Baumert Anna , Schlösser Thomas , Gresser Franz , Fetchenhauer Detlef 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAltruistic punishment refers to the phenomenon that humans invest their own resources to redress norm violations without self‐interest involved. We address the question of who will intervene in situations that allow for altruistic punishment. We suggest that individual differences in a genuine concern for justice, as reflected by the personality trait of justice sensitivity, determine the experience of moral emotions in the face of injustice, which in turn trigger altruistic punishment. Results of two studies support the proposed mediation effect for other‐regarding justice sensitivity, even though an opportunity for compensation of the victim (Study 2) was offered as an alternative to punishment (Study 1). Furthermore, the mediation effect was observed when moral outrage was measured by means of quantified open statements (Study 1) and self‐report scales using discrete emotions (Study 2). The findings help to explain the psychological mechanisms underlying engagement in costly social sanctioning of norm violations.