bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Median Nerve Cross‐Sectional Area and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Specific Populations
Authors: Savage Nathan J. , McKell John S. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesEvaluate diagnostic accuracy of median nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) to determine severity versus presence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) across existing electrodiagnostic‐based (EDX) classification systems in patients with type 2 diabetes or bifid anatomy.MethodsRetrospective analysis of cross‐sectional patient data. Receiver operating characteristic analysis used to determine median nerve CSA cutoff values and associated diagnostic likelihood ratios for all consolidated and binary EDX‐based classifications of CTS in patients with type 2 diabetes or bifid anatomy. Determine shifts in diagnostic probability based on established cutoff values and associated likelihood ratios. Distal CSA measured at or near carpal tunnel inlet, proximal CSA at level of pronator quadratus muscle, and delta CSA by subtracting proximal from distal.ResultsBinary categorizations of CTS were statistically superior to consolidated categorizations of CTS severity in patients with type 2 diabetes or bifid anatomy. Binary categorizations established reasonably consistent median nerve CSA cutoff values across all EDX‐based classifications examined resulting in the following for distal CSA or delta CSA: ≤10 or ≤4 mm2 to rule out and ≥11 or ≥5 mm2 to rule in CTS, respectively. These cutoff values resulted in small shifts in diagnostic probability in patients with type 2 diabetes and small to conclusive shifts in diagnostic probability in patients with bifid anatomy.ConclusionsBinary categorizations to rule out or rule in CTS based on the proposed cutoff values provide the most meaningful information about shifts in diagnostic probability across all EDX‐based classifications examined. The use of median nerve CSA to categorize severity of CTS is not recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes or bifid anatomy.
Direct contact and very rapid valgus distortion characterise the injury mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in judo
Authors: Akoto Ralph , Mehl Julian , Diermeyer Theresa , Achtnich Andrea , Petersen Wolf , Lambert Christophe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo analyse anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture (ACLR) injury mechanisms in competitive judo using systematic video analysis, focusing on contact situations and biomechanics.MethodsSeventeen videos of judo competitions wherein athletes developed ACLRs were included and retrospectively evaluated by five analysts. In all videos, the moment of initial contact and the index frame were defined. The judo techniques leading to the injury; the occurrence of direct contact, indirect contact or noncontact mechanisms; the time interval between the initial contact and index frame; the positions of the hip, knee and foot in relation to the initial contact and index frame; and the balance status during the initial contact and index frame were recorded.ResultsEleven (65%) of ACLRs in judo involved direct contact. The mean time interval between initial contact and index frame was 15 ± 22 ms. Thirteen (77%) athletes were not balanced at initial contact. In the index frame, the hip was abducted in all cases and in combination with internal rotation in 12 (71%) cases. From initial contact to index frame, hip flexion increased in all cases; at index frame, the knee joint was internally rotated relative to the trunk in 12 (71%) cases, and the knee flexion angles increased from the initial contact. In the index frame, the foot was externally rotated relative to the knee in 12 (71%) cases, and severe valgus development of the knee with valgus collapse was observed in 14 (82%) cases.ConclusionsA direct attack on the knee was the most common injury mechanism observed. Valgus distortion appears to be the most important component of the mechanism of injury. With this knowledge, ‘modified defence reactions’ for specific judo techniques can be developed to reduce the injury risk.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Pushing Patterning Limits of Drop‐On‐Demand Inkjet Printing with Cspbbr3/PDMS Nanoparticles
Authors: Cai Junhu , Lai Wenzong , Chen Yu , Zhang Xiang , Zheng Yaqian , Zhang Wenyan , Chen Xiaogang , Ye Yun , Xu Sheng , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang , Chen Enguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPatterning is crucial for advancing perovskite materials into color conversion micro‐display applications, but achieving inkjet‐printed patterns with high performance and precision remains challenging. Here, novel CsPbBr3/PDMS nanoparticles as a promising candidate is proposed for achieving precise and perfect inkjet printing patterns. The as‐prepared nanoparticles ensure exceeding brightness, exceptional stability, uniform fluorescence emission, and high resolution reaching the highest performance of drop‐on‐demand inkjet printing. Specifically, the performance and stability of CsPbBr3/PDMS nanoparticles are enhanced through a two‐step optimization involving dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) ligand modification and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in situ coating, resulting in the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 92% among CsPbBr3/polymer core‐shell composites so far. The branched structure of DBSA and the PDMS shell provide steric hindrance and effectively prevent agglomeration during storage or patterning. The viscous PDMS coating inhibits the coffee ring effect, not only leading to excellent near‐unity uniform emission but also promoting the formation of smaller and more elaborate droplets, increasing the printing resolution by up to surprisingly 300%. Importantly, the impeccably displayed, high‐resolution patterns formed by versatile CsPbBr3/PDMS nanoparticles have demonstrated significant potential for high pixel density Micro‐LED displays, enabling efficient and stable color conversion.
Norisoboldine, a Natural Alkaloid from Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm, Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation via S6K1 Signaling Pathway and Prevents Bone Loss in OVX Mice
Authors: Li Shiming , Yan Wenliang , Sun Kainong , Miao Jingyuan , Liu Zichao , Xu Jiayang , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Bo , Zhang Qian 
Published: May 2024

ScopeNorisoboldine (NOR) is a major isoquinoline alkaloid component in the traditional Chinese herbal plant Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm, with previously reported anti‐osteoclast differentiation and antiarthritis properties. However, the roles of NOR on osteoblasts, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and osteoporosis in vivo have never been well established.Methods and resultsThis study investigates the ability of NOR to improve bone formation in vitro and in vivo. Osteoblasts and BMSCs are used to study the effect of NOR on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. It finds that NOR promotes osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and BMSCs, while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by reducing the relative expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (Ppar‐γ) and adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing (Adipoq). Mechanistic studies show that NOR increases osteoblast differentiation through the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase; polypeptide 1 (S6K1) pathway, and treatment with an mTOR inhibitor rapamycin blocked the NOR‐induced increase in mineral accumulation. Finally, the study evaluates the therapeutic potential of NOR in a mouse model of ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced bone loss. NOR prevents bone loss in both trabecular and cortical bone by increasing osteoblast number and phospho‐S6K1 (p‐S6K1) expression in osteoblasts.ConclusionNOR effects in enhancing osteoblast‐induced bone formation via S6K1 pathway, suggesting the potential of NOR in osteoporosis treatment by increasing bone formation.
Tungsten Nanoparticles Generated in an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
Authors: Müller Martin , Dworschak Maren , Benedikt Jan , Kienle Lorenz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe atmospheric pressure plasma source HelixJet has been used to generate tungsten nanocrystals with narrow size distributions, well defined size control and with a considerably good particle yield. Tungsten particles are produced as the result of an evaporation process of a tungsten wire inserted on the middle axis of the jet after the wire is heated by interaction with the plasma. Temperature measurements using a thermocouple and by optical emission spectroscopy showed that, while the overall temperature of the wire is very high, it is not in the range of the melting temperature of tungsten; however, it can reach values needed for sublimation. Additionally, the wire is heated selectively while the temperature of the jet components reaches only a few hundred degrees Celsius. The particles cluster into agglomerates and their formation has been analyzed in relation to the reliability of a commercial scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer. The dependence of the particle morphology and crystal structure on the plasma parameters such as power and gas flow was studied via transmission electron microscopy and the average size of the tungsten nanocrystals could be tuned between 12 and 25 nm.
Impact of PSA nadir, PSA response and time to PSA nadir on overall survival in real‐world setting of metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer patients
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Hoeh Benedikt , Hurst Fabienne , Koll Florestan , Cano Garcia Cristina , Humke Clara , Steuber Thomas , Tilki Derya , Traumann Miriam , Banek Severine , Chun Felix K. H. , Mandel Philipp 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the impact of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) nadir, PSA response and time to PSA nadir (TTN) in metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients on overall survival (OS) in the era of combination therapies.MethodsDifferent PSA nadir cut‐offs (including ultra‐low PSA) were tested for OS analyses. Additionally, PSA response ≥99% was evaluated, as well as TTN categorized as <3 versus 3–6 versus 6–12 versus >12 months. Multivariable Cox regression models predicted the value of PSA nadir cut‐offs, PSA response and TTN on OS. Sensitivity analyses were performed in de novo and high volume mHSPC patients.ResultsOf 238 eligible patients, PSA cut‐offs of <0.2 versus 0.2–4.0 versus >4.0 ng/mL differed significantly regarding median OS (96 vs. 56 vs. 44 months, p < 0.01), as well as in subgroup analyses of de novo mHSPC patients and multivariable Cox regression models. A more stringent PSA cut‐off of <0.02 versus 0.02–0.2 versus >0.2 ng/mL also yielded significant median OS differences (not reached vs. 96 vs. 50 months, p < 0.01), even after additional multivariable adjustment. A PSA response ≥99% was also significantly associated with better OS than counterparty with <99% response, even after multivariable adjustment (both p < 0.02). When TTN groups were compared, patients with longer TTN harbored more extended OS than those with short TTN (<3 vs. 3–6 vs. 6–12 vs. >12 months: 34 vs. 50 vs. 67 vs. 96 months, p < 0.01). Virtually similar results were observed in sensitivity analyses for high volume mHSPC patients.ConclusionsIn times of combination therapies for mHSPC, a PSA nadir of respectively, <0.2 and <0.02 ng/mL are associated with best OS rates. Moreover, a relative PSA response ≥99% and a longer TTN are clinical important proxies for favorable OS estimates.
Self‐Powered Traffic Lights Through Wind Energy Harvesting Based on High‐Performance Fur‐Brush Dish Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Jiang Yang , Ming Yutong , Zhao Mohan , Guo Xin , Han Jiajia , Liu Shijie , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTraffic lights play vital roles in urban traffic management systems, providing clear directional guidance for vehicles and pedestrians while ensuring traffic safety. However, the vast quantity of traffic lights widely distributed in the transportation system aggravates energy consumption. Here, a self‐powered traffic light system is proposed through wind energy harvesting based on a high‐performance fur‐brush dish triboelectric nanogenerator (FD‐TENG). The FD‐TENG harvests wind energy to power the traffic light system continuously without needing an external power supply. Natural rabbit furs are applied to dish structures, due to their outstanding characteristics of shallow wear, high performance, and resistance to humidity. Also, the grid pattern of the dish structure significantly impacts the TENG outputs. Additionally, the internal electric field and the influences of mechanical and structural parameters on the outputs are analyzed by finite element simulations. After optimization, the FD‐TENG can achieve a peak power density of 3.275 W m−3. The portable and miniature features of FD‐TENG make it suitable for other natural environment systems such as forests, oceans, and mountains, besides the traffic light systems. This study presents a viable strategy for self‐powered traffic lights, establishing a basis for efficient environmental energy harvesting toward big data and Internet of Things applications.
LLM-Based Agents for Automating the Enhancement of User Story Quality: An Early Report
Authors: Zhang Zheying , Rayhan Maruf , Herda Tomas , Goisauf Manuel , Abrahamsson Pekka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn agile software development, maintaining high-quality user stories is crucial, but also challenging. This study explores the application of large language models (LLMs) to improve the quality of user stories within the agile teams of Austrian Post Group IT. We developed an Autonomous LLM-based Agent System (ALAS) and evaluated its impact on user story quality with 11 participants from six agile teams. Our findings reveal the potential of LLMs in improving user story quality, provide a practical example, and lay the foundation for future research into the broad application of LLMs in a variety of industry settings.
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle proteins as new biomarkers and targets in precision oncology
Authors: Liao Haiyan , Zhang Cheng , Wang Fen , Jin Feng , Zhao Qiqi , Wang Xinying , Wang Shubin , Gao Jing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers of signaling molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and have become a focus of increasing interest due to their numerous physiological and pathological functions. For a long time, most studies on EV components focused on noncoding RNAs; however, in recent years, extracellular vesicle proteins (EVPs) have been found to play important roles in diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance and thus have been considered favorable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various tumors. In this review, we describe the general protocols of research on EVPs and summarize their multifaceted roles in precision medicine applications, including cancer diagnosis, dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, drug resistance research, tumor microenvironment interaction research, and anticancer drug delivery.
Forty years of advances in optical biosensors—are “autonomous” biosensors in our future?
Authors: Ligler Frances S. , Ligler George T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOptical biosensors have employed at least three distinct system architectures over the last 40 years, moving from “sample in-answer out” systems to completely embedding the optical biosensor into the sample to embedding the recognition module in the sample and optically interrogating the recognition module from outside of the sample. This trends article provides an overview of the evolution of these three system architectures and discusses how each architecture has been applied to solve the measurement challenges of a wide variety of applications. A fourth biosensor system architecture, that of an “autonomous” biosensor which “takes the user out of the loop” while both detecting target analytes and responding to that measurement, is currently under development for applications initially including environmental cleanup and “smart therapeutics.” As is the case in many other areas of technology, it will be profoundly interesting to observe the further development and application of elegant, simpler (optical) biosensor systems to address tomorrow’s measurement needs.
Graphical abstract
Attention facilitates initiation of perceptual decision making: a combined psychophysical and electroencephalography study
Authors: Ueno Tomohiro , Kumano Hironori , Uka Takanori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHumans can selectively process information and make decisions by directing their attention to desired locations in their daily lives. Numerous studies have shown that attention increases the rate of correct responses and shortens reaction time, and it has been hypothesized that this phenomenon is caused by an increase in sensitivity of the sensory signals to which attention is directed. The present study employed psychophysical methods and electroencephalography (EEG) to test the hypothesis that attention accelerates the onset of information accumulation. Participants were asked to discriminate the motion direction of one of two random dot kinematograms presented on the left and right sides of the visual field, one of which was cued by an arrow in 80% of the trials. The drift–diffusion model was applied to the percentage of correct responses and reaction times in the attended and unattended fields of view. Attention primarily increased sensory sensitivity and shortened the time unrelated to decision making. Next, we measured centroparietal positivity (CPP), an EEG measure associated with decision making, and found that CPP latency was shorter in attended trials than in unattended trials. These results suggest that attention not only increases sensory sensitivity but also accelerates the initiation of decision making.
Completing the picture: using vertebrae as well as otoliths in diet analysis reveals new preferred prey of great skuas
Authors: Quer Susanna , Pierce Graham John , Waggershauser Cristian N. , Gilbert Lucy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKnowledge of the diet of marine predators such as seabirds is fundamental to understanding the ecological cascades they may influence and the impact that environmental changes may have on them. Diet analysis of seabirds frequently relies on the identification of fish otoliths in pellets. However, it is recognised that the true dietary importance of fish with small and fragile otoliths is likely underestimated, requiring an additional method. In this study, we compared the identification of otoliths with that of vertebrae in pellets to gain a more complete picture of seabird diet. We identified fish otoliths and vertebrae from 2584 great skua Stercorarius skua pellets collected between 2014 and 2017 from five colonies in Scotland. Diet varied markedly between colonies, comprising mostly fish in Shetland and mostly birds in St Kilda. 10% of pellets contained otoliths compared to 70% with fish vertebrae. Atlantic herring Clupea harengus and Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus were the most common fish species at all colonies when using vertebrae in contrast to being virtually absent when using otoliths. Conversely, the occurrence of Norway pout Trisopterus esmarkii and pollock Pollachius pollachius otoliths was six and eight times, respectively, higher than for vertebrae. Therefore, combining data from both otoliths and vertebrae provides a more complete profile of the fish component of seabird diet. This is fundamental to improving our understanding of the impacts of marine management policies on seabirds, as well as how changes in the population size of such seabird species might affect their prey species.
Enhancing precision in quantification and spatial distribution of logging residues in plantation stands
Authors: Udali Alberto , Talbot Bruce , Ackerman Simon , Crous Jacob , Grigolato Stefano 
Published: May 2024

AbstractForests, essential components of ecosystems, are managed for sustainable timber production in forest plantations to meet the growing demand for wood products. The intricate balance between sustainable forest management and logging residue management practices is crucial for ecological integrity and economic viability. Logging residues, byproducts of timber harvesting, significantly influence carbon and nutrient cycling, soil structure, and overall ecosystem health. Recent technological advancements, particularly the use of drones integrated with artificial intelligence, enable the processing of large datasets, providing meaningful insights into logging residues and forest dynamics. This study aims to evaluate the quantification and distribution of logging residues in forest plantations, utilizing machine learning classification models fed with drone-based images. The classification was performed using a Random Forest model fed with spectral and terrain variables, whereas the volume estimations were derived from field measurements and from the drone classification. Overall the classification achieved solid results (Overall Accuracy of 0.89), and the volume estimation resulting in solid comparison with field estimation (ratio 0.72–1.98), but poor correlation (R2 of 0.26 and 0.36). We concluded that the proposed methodology is suitable for classifying and assessing residues distribution over recently harvested areas, but further improvement of the volume estimation methodology is necessary to ensure comprehensive and precise assessment of residue distribution over recently harvested areas.
Socio-demographic Predictors of Hospitalization Duration Among Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Yaniv-Rosenfeld Amit , Savchenko Elizaveta , Netzer Maya , Elalouf Amir , Nitzan Uri 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex psychopathology associated with high service utilization rates. In turn, the hospitalization of BPD patients is a controversial challenge for mental health professionals. Prior literature has identified certain socio-demographic factors as linked to an increased risk of BPD. In this study, we examined the possible connection between these socio-demographic factors and hospitalization duration. We analyzed 1077 hospitalization records of 200 BPD-diagnosed patients. Patients’ gender, age, education level, employment and marital statuses, and living arrangement were statistically significantly linked with hospitalization duration. Specifically, female gender, age twenty or below, no high-school diploma (or, to a lesser extent, a diploma with no academic education), unemployment status and/or patients who live with parents are strongly associated with longer hospitalizations compared to male gender, older patients, more educated, married/divorced status and/or those who do not live with their parents. Additionally, the results point to a weak, albeit statistically significant, temporal pattern with more advanced hospitalizations generally aligning with the duration of their preceding ones, while being slightly shorter. In order to prevent potentially unnecessary prolonged and regressive hospitalizations, an estimation of the expected hospitalization duration should be explicitly considered when setting hospitalization goals and plans.