bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of vertebral deformities associated with pentalogy of Cantrell: The role of three‐dimensional sonography?
Authors: Gün İsmet , Kurdoğlu Mertihan , Müngen Ercüment , Muhcu Murat , Babacan Ali , Atay Vedat 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPentalogy of Cantrell was diagnosed in a fetus at 14 weeks of gestation, on routine two‐dimensional sonographic examination with Doppler imaging, which revealed a midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect including herniated liver, an ectopia cordis without intracardiac anomalies, and a large omphalocele containing intestines. Although left unilateral club foot deformity was also detected as an associated anomaly in the same examination, severe lumbar lordoscoliosis was only detected by using three‐dimensional sonography because of the spatial configuration of the deformity. After termination of the pregnancy, postnatal inspection of the fetus confirmed the diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell associated with skeletal deformities and revealed low implant ears as an additional finding. Although two‐dimensional sonography with Doppler imaging is sufficient to diagnose pentalogy of Cantrell, it may fail to show the complex vertebral deformities and three‐dimensional sonography may assist in visualizing the defect accurately. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 38:446–449, 2010
Restoration of central nervous system α‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase activity and therapeutic benefits in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB mice by a single intracisternal recombinant adeno‐associated viral type 2 vector delivery
Authors: Fu Haiyan , DiRosario Julianne , Kang Lu , Muenzer Joseph , McCarty Douglas M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundFinding efficient central nervous system (CNS) delivery approaches has been the major challenge facing therapeutic development for treating diseases with global neurological manifestation, such as mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB, a lysosomal storage disease, caused by autosomal recessive defect of α‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase (NaGlu). Previously, we developed an approach, intracisternal (i.c.) injection, to deliver recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vector to the CNS of mice, leading to a widespread periventricular distribution of transduction.MethodsIn the present study, we delivered rAAV2 vector expressing human NaGlu into the CNS of MPS IIIB mice by an i.c. injection approach, to test its therapeutic efficacy and feasibility for treating the neurological manifestation of the disease.ResultsWe demonstrated significant functional neurological benefits of a single i.c. vector infusion in adult MPS IIIB mice. The treatment slowed the disease progression by mediating widespread recombinant NaGlu expression in the CNS, resulting in the reduction of brain lysosomal storage pathology, significantly improved cognitive function and prolonged survival. However, persisting motor function deficits suggested that pathology in areas outside the CNS contributes to the MPS IIIB behavioral phenotype. The therapeutic benefit of i.c. rAAV2 delivery was dose‐dependent and could be attribute solely to the CNS transduction because the procedure did not lead to detectable transduction in somatic tissues.ConclusionsA single IC rAAV2 gene delivery is functionally beneficial for treating the CNS disease of MPS IIIB in mice. It is immediately clinically translatable, with the potential of improving the quality of life for patients with MPS IIIB. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intra‐articular electrotransfer of mouse soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Denys Anne , Thiolat Allan , Descamps Delphyne , Lemeiter Delphine , Benihoud Karim , Bessis Nakacha , Boissier Marie‐Christophe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and destruction of the joints. In the collagen‐induced arthritis mouse model of RA, we developed a nonviral gene therapy method designed to block in situ the main cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐αMethodsElectrotransfer was used to deliver a plasmid encoding extracellular domain of mouse soluble TNF‐α receptor type I fused to the Fc fragment of mouse immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 (pTNFR‐Is) corresponding to a dimeric TNF‐α soluble receptor fusion protein (mTNFR‐Is/Ig).ResultsDelivery of the plasmid into the knees at symptom onset improved the histological inflammation and destruction not only at the knees, but also at the ankles, indicating a local and a regional therapeutic effect. The plasmid was detected in synovial membrane and meniscus specimens from the injected joints. In the synovial membrane, 15 days post‐injection, interleukin (IL)‐17 and TNF‐α mRNAs expression were increased, whereas IL‐10 mRNA was unchanged. However, the empty plasmid exerted a pro‐inflammatory effect 30 days post‐injection.ConclusionsThese data indicate that local nonviral gene therapy against TNF‐α is effective, although further work is needed to decrease plasmid induced inflammation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[carbonyl‐11C]Benzyl acetate: Automated radiosynthesis via Pd‐mediated [11C]carbon monoxide chemistry and PET measurement of brain uptake in monkey
Authors: Lu Shuiyu , Hong Jinsoo , Itoh Tetsuji , Fujita Masahiro , Inoue Osamu , Innis Robert B. , Pike Victor W. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract[carbonyl‐11C]Benzyl acetate ([11C]1) has been proposed as a potential agent for imaging glial metabolism of acetate to glutamate and glutamine with positron emission tomography. [11C]1 was synthesized from [11C]carbon monoxide, iodomethane and benzyl alcohol via palladium‐mediated chemistry. The radiosynthesis was automated with a modified Synthia platform controlled with in‐house developed Labview software. Under production conditions, [11C]1 was obtained in 10% (n=6) decay‐corrected radiochemical yield from [11C]carbon monoxide in >96% radiochemical purity and with an average specific radioactivity of 2415 mCi/µmol. The total radiosynthesis time was about 45 min. Peak uptake of radioactivity in monkey brain (SUV=3.1) was relatively high and may be amenable to measuring uptake and metabolism of acetate in glial cells of the brain. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative ultrastructure of Langerhans‐like cells in spleens of ray‐finned fishes (Actinopterygii)
Authors: Lovy Jan , Wright Glenda M. , Speare David J. , Tyml Tomas , Dykova Iva 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe studied the morphology and occurrence of splenic Langerhans‐like (LL) cells in species representing 11 orders of ray‐finned fishes, Actinopterygii. LL cells were frequent in spleen tissue of species among Cypriniformes, Esociformes, Salmoniformes, and Pleuronectiformes. These cells contained granules which resembled Birbeck granules known to occur in mammalian Langerhans cells. The ultrastructure of LL cells in Northern pike, Esox lucius, and in Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus were similar to those reported in salmonids. LL cells found in cyprinids shared some characteristics with the LL cells in other Actinopterygii species, although unique structures distinguished them from the latter. They contained dense bodies within the Birbeck‐like (BL) granules, a characteristic that was never observed in species outside the Cypriniformes. Two types of BL granules were characterized in cyprinid LL cells. The ultrastructure of BL granules across the species is discussed. LL cells in all Actinopterygii species demonstrated close contacts with nearby cells, characterized by adherens‐like junctions. Additionally, multivesicular bodies were present within the cytoplasm and large aggregates of exosomes were observed closely associated with the plasma membrane suggesting their release from the cells. These structures are discussed in relation to mammalian dendritic cells. Macrophages found in European perch, Perca fluviatilis, blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus, and Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus contained lysosomes and residual bodies with structures resembling Birbeck granules. These granules and cells were clearly distinct from LL cells. J. Morphol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enamel microarchitecture of a tribosphenic molar
Authors: Špoutil František , Vlček Vojtěch , Horáček Ivan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe tribosphenic molar is a dental apomorphy of mammals and the molar type from which all derived types originated. Its enamel coat is expected to be ancestral: a thin, evenly distributed layer of radial prismatic enamel. In the bat Myotis myotis, we reinvestigated the 3D architecture of the dental enamel using serial sectioning combined with scanning electron microscopy analyses, biometrics of enamel prisms and crystallites, and X‐ray diffraction. We found distinct heterotopies in enamel thickness (thick enamel on the convex sides of the crests, thin on the concave ones), angularity of enamel prisms, and in distribution of particular enamel types (prismatic, interprismatic, aprismatic) and demonstrated structural relations of these heterotopies to the cusp and crest organization of the tribosphenic molar. X‐ray diffraction demonstrated that the crystallites composing the enamel are actually the aggregates of much smaller primary crystallites. The differences among particular enamel types in degree of crystallite aggregation and the variation in structural microstrain of the primary crystallites (depending upon the duration and the mechanical context of mineralization) represent factors not fully understood as yet that may contribute to the complexity of enamel microarchitecture in a significant way. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The pattern of sporulation in Anabaena circinalis and comments on the role of heterocysts in sporulation in blue‐green algae
Authors: Tyagi V. V. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCells between two intercalary heterocysts differentiate at random into spores in A. circinalis. One or more cells, which fail to transform into spores, are present between the two adjacent spores, and these cells disorganize later. A critical C:N ratio regulates sporulation and heterocyst formation. During sporulation the reductive ability of the heterocyst gradually diminishes.It is concluded on the basis of this and other evidence that sporulation is regulated by interactions between heterocysts and vegetative cells which are manifested in diverse patterns in different species of blue‐green algae.
Evidence for repair of ultraviolet‐induced damage in Cystobacter species (Myxobacterales)
Authors: Grimm K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCystobacter species strain CK 1 does not grow with more than 0.2 μg/ml acriflavine. Spontaneous two‐step mutants growing with 2 μg acriflavine per ml have been selected. One mutant (strain CK 3) was used to investigate the effect of repair inhibitors. Both strains exhibit pronounced shoulders in their UV dose curves of inactivation. Acriflavine (AF), coumarin (CU), and caffeine (CA) when incorporated in the post‐irradiation plating medium decreased survival of irradiated cells. Post‐treatment with 2 μg acriflavine/ml abolished the shoulder of the curve. Caffeine (1600 μg/ml) and coumarin (350 μg/ml) reduced it only to about 40%. It is concluded that probably two repair mechanisms are present.Pre‐treatment of the cells with 2 μg acriflavine/ml for two hours before UV‐irradiation resulted in a constant dose enhancement factor of 1.9. The protective effect is increased with the time of treatment with acriflavine. This may indicate that pyrimidine dimers are responsible for UV‐inactivation.
Effect of rifampicin (3‐(4‐methylpiperazinyl‐iminomethyl)rifamycin) on heterocyst differentiation in the blue‐green algae Anabaena and Calothrix
Authors: Tyagi V. V. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChains of multiple heterocysts form in Anabaena und Calothrix filaments on treatment with rifampicin. The multiple heterocysts form irrespective of whether the rifampicin treatment is given in combined nitrogen‐free or supplemented medium. This suggests the possibility of involvement of a species of RNA or of protein as intracellular heterocyst inhibitor and indicates that some latent pattern‐determining mechanism may operate in the combined nitrogen medium.
A critical analysis of kinetic data of 3‐hexulosephosphate synthases MICHAELIS‐MENTEN or complex characteristics
Authors: Müller R. , Babel W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInvestigations of the 3‐hexulosephosphate synthase (HPS) from different methylotrophic bacteria have revealed apparent discrepancies in kinetic behaviour. In all methanol‐utilizing species investigated by us the kinetic characteristics showed intermediary plateau regions. Therefore, this behaviour is assumed to be a general feature of the HPS from all non‐methane‐utilizing methylotrophic bacteria. However, this assumption is in contrast to the results of other authors. Both for Methylomonas M15 (SAHM et al. 1976) and Methylomonas aminofaciens 77 a (KATO et al. 1977, 1978) MICHAELIS‐MENTEN kinetics of the HPS were stated.To check the validity of our assumption we have analyzed the kinetic data given by others. Indications of the existence of intermediary plateau regions could be found with the enzyme from Arthrobacter globiformis (BYKOVSKAYA and VORONKOV 1977) and Methylomonas aminofaciens 77 a (KATO et al. 1978). Furthermore, biphasic ARRHENIUS plots indicate a multiple character of the HPS from these species as could already be demonstrated with the enzyme from Bacterium MB 58 and Pseudomonas oleovorans. In addition, causes which may obscure the detection of intermediary plateau regions are demonstrated.
Wachstumskinetik der Kolonien und Hemmhöfe von Leistungsvarianten des Turimycinbildners Streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599
Authors: Müller G. , Fiedler G. , Noack D. , Schicht G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn Kolonien des Wildtyps und an 4 Leistungsvarianten des Stammes Streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599 sind wachstums‐ und hemmhofkinetische Untersuchungen auf festem Medium bei zwei Inkubationstemperaturen durchgeführt und charakteristische Parameter der Variantenpopulationen zur antibiotischen Leistungsfähigkeit der Varianten in Beziehung gesetzt worden. Aus Messungen des Koloniedurchmessers in der linearen Wachstumsphase (ab 3. Tag) wurden für jede Variante und jede Kultivierungstemperatur 2 Parameter ermittelt (Regressionskoeffizient und Zeitpunkt, zu dem der Koloniedurchmesser im statistischen Mittel 1 mm ist). Diese Parameter lassen zwar Korrelationen zur antibiotischen Aktivität in Submerskultur erkennen, gestatten jedoch keine eindeutige Zuordnung zur Leistungsfähigkeit. Zusammen mit 2 entsprechenden Parameter der Hemmhofkinetik in der linearen Phase (3. – 7. Tag) ist jedoch eine solche Zuordnung zur Leistungsfähigkeit möglich. Das Steigungsmaß der Hemmhofkinetik in der linearen Phase nimmt bei 28 °C Inkubationstemperatur streng mit der Leistungsfähigkeit der Varianten zu. Außerdem ist aus dem Vergleich der Parameterwerte der 5 geprüften Varianten ein deutlicher Unterschied der beiden leistungsfähigsten Varianten zu den übrigen zu erkennen. Es wird angenommen, daß dieser Unterschied durch eine Mutation in einem Strukturgen bedingt ist.
Effects of ethanol on the temperature profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: van Uden N. , Da Cruz Duarte H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEthanol at concentrations above 3% (w/v) decreased the maximum temperature for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch culture. At 9% (w/v), the highest concentration tested, the maximum temperature suffered a decrease of about 10 degrees centigrade. At effective concentrations ethanol shifted the ARRHENIUS plots of growth and death in the superoptimal temperature range to lower temperatures while an associative temperature profile was maintained. Thus at a concentration of 6% (w/v), ethanol depressed the optimum temperature for growth from 37 °C to 25 °C, the final maximum temperature for growth from 40 °C to 33 °C and the initial maximum temperature for growth from 44 °C to 36 °C. The results indicate that during alcoholic batch fermentation these three cardinal temperatures are variables, the values of which decrease with increasing ethanol concentration. When the ethanol concentration becomes high enough to depress them successively below the process temperature, the yeast population becomes increasingly subject to ethanol‐enhanced thermal death. Implications of the findings for the production of fermentation ethanol in batch and continuous processes are discussed.
Hybridization of yeasts by protoplast fusion: Early events after fusion in Pichia guilliermondii
Authors: Klinner U. , Böttcher F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe efficiency of protoplast fusions in haploid strains of P. guilliermondii was dependent on the strain used. In the primary fusion colonies, a large proportion of non‐dividing cells was sometimes observed. While in two strains stable hybrids occurred immediately after fusion, one strain showed a longer‐lasting heterokaryotic state.
Substructural study of sporogenesis in Streptomyces griseus
Authors: Strunk C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA Streptomyces griseus strain deficient in the formation of aerial mycelium and arthrospore development (Amy−) was studied by electron microscopy and compared with the sporulating parental strain (Amy+). The investigations were performed with colonies grown on solid medium. The substructural characteristics of the essential events of sporogenesis could clearly been demonstrated in the aerial mycelium of the Amy+ colonies. The mycelium of the surface region of the Amy− colonies showed altered features. The most pronounced alteration was the absence of the surface sheath, normally present on the aerial hyphae of the parental strain. The cross wall type II, characteristic of sporogeneous hyphae, was not discernible in the Amy− hyphae. Some substructural features resembling the essential events of normal sporogenesis were evident in the Amy− strain, albeit diminished and interfered with by abnormalities. The resulting propagative cells were of different size and feature.
Sea‐surface temperature and southern oscillation signal in the upper stratosphere‐lower mesosphere
Authors: Varotsos C. A. , Deligiorgi D. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUsing rocketsonde‐derived data for 17 years (1969–1985) the relationship between the Southern Oscillation (SO), sea surface temperature (SST) and temperature at the northern upper stratosphere‐middle mesosphere is investigated.In the upper stratosphere‐middle mesosphere region a strong correlation is found between the SO signal and temperature. In the same atmospheric region and in the northern subtropics a correlation is also found between SST and temperature. The latter correlation depends on latitude and season. Lag correlation coefficients as high as 0.8‐0.9 were found for all seasons.In most cases the correlation between SO and temperature is opposite in sign to that existing between SST and temperature.
Analyses of local climatological factors controlling risk of road slipperiness during warm‐air advections
Authors: Gustavsson Torbjörn 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTemperature recordings from the Swedish Road Weather Information System (VVIS) were analysed with respect to variations in the risk of road slipperiness during synoptic situations resulting in a rapid warming. Climatological data from 24 VVIS stations in the county of Södermanland, Sweden, were used in this study.During warm‐air advections, variations in the warming of the air and the road surface can lead to the development of slipperiness through sublimation. Important factors contributing to a varying spatial pattern in the risk of slipperiness are found to be: type of weather preceding a warm‐front movement, local topography, and thermal properties of the road‐bed material. The weather situation preceding a warm‐front and the local topography influence the variation in warming rate between the stations. A rapid warming and an early risk of road slipperiness were found at open valley locations. At stations surrounded by dense vegetation, the warming of the air and road surface were more prolonged and the risk of slipperiness occurred several hours later than at open sites. The road construction materials were found to influence the warming rate of the road surface, which has an effect on the variation in the risk of slipperiness during situations preceded by cloudy, windy weather.
Precipitation in Britain: An analysis of area‐average data updated to 1989
Authors: Gregory J. M. , Jones P. D. , Wigley T. M. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe present work is a geographical extension and update of our previous analysis of spatial and temporal variations in precipitation over England and Wales. In this study the UK is divided into nine regions of coherent precipitation variability on the basis of our earlier principal components analysis. Daily and monthly time‐series are assembled for seven sites within each region, and area‐average series and statistics are computed. We investigate correlations among the sites within each region, among regions on daily to annual time‐scales. Monthly time‐series spanning the period 1931–1989 for England and Wales, for Scotland and for Northern Ireland are calculated by further combining the nine regions. No long‐term trends are apparent.
Droughts, floods, and sea‐surface temperature anomalies: A modelling approach
Authors: Gordon H. B. , Hunt B. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs the first phase of a research programme to develop a deterministic drought prediction scheme a general circulation model has been used to simulate rainfall perturbations forced by sea‐surface temperature anomalies in the Pacific Ocean. A wavenumber 21 model with four vertical levels run in a fixed January mode, but with diurnal variability, was used. Three different sea‐surface temperature anomaly patterns were explored, representative of both El Niño and anti‐El‐Niño events. Compared with a control run, global perturbations in rainfall and soil moisture were produced, but for simplicity, analysis was restricted primarily to the overall Pacific region where the model response was highest. For El Niño type temperature anomalies large‐scale droughts were produced in eastern Australia and Venezuela, while enhanced rainfall conditions prevailed in the central Pacific and Peru. An analysis is presented that clarifies some of the mechanisms involved in creating these rainfall perturbations. Diurnal variations of conditions at individual model grid points highlight the differences occurring for control and drought situations, and illustrate the ability of the model to provide a range of climatic outputs that assist in the assessment of the impact of a drought. Time‐series plots of condensational heating in the model troposphere show that there is not a simple relationship between imposed SST anomalies and the consequent release of latent heat in the atmosphere.