bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Narratives to Identify Characteristics Leading to a Productive Life Following Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Fraas Michael R. , Calvert Margaret 
Published: November 2009

Purpose
To determine the factors leading to successful recovery and productive lifestyles after acquired brain injury (ABI).

Method
Qualitative investigation examined semistructured interviews of 31 survivors of ABI. Thematic analysis followed a phenomenological approach and revealed 4 major themes and 28 subthemes in the interviews. Four participants stood out as exemplars of the themes embodied by all the participants in this investigation. Quotes from each are used to highlight the prevailing themes.

Results
The following 4 major themes emerged from the interviews: development of social support networks, grief and coping strategies, acceptance of the injury and redefinition of self, and empowerment.

Conclusions
The issues raised in these interviews may serve to inspire other survivors and provide them with hope and motivation as they progress through the recovery process. Suggestions on how clinicians can help to facilitate this process are discussed.
Does Race/Ethnicity Really Matter in Adult Neurogenics?
Authors: Ellis Charles 
Published: November 2009

Purpose

Recent evidence suggests that race/ethnicity is a variable that is critical to outcomes in neurological disorders. The purpose of this article was to examine the proportion of studies published in the
American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
(
AJSLP
) and the
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
(
JSLHR
) that were designed to examine neurologically based disorders of communication in adults and that reported the race/ethnicity of the participants.

Method

A review of articles in
AJSLP
and
JSLHR
from 1997 through 2007 was completed to determine what proportion of articles in the area of adult neurogenic communication disorders reported the race/ethnicity of the participants.

Results
Between 1997 and 2007, less than 15% of the 116 articles published in the 2 journals reported the race/ethnicity of the participants. The review of studies indicates that the reporting of the race/ethnicity of participants in studies of adult neurogenic communication disorders remains inconsistent.

Conclusions
Because few studies report race/ethnicity or consider how race/ethnicity has the potential to confound the results and conclusions drawn, the generalization of the reported findings may be limited. Reporting race/ethnicity is likely critical to the external validity of studies in adult neurogenic communication disorders and when available can enhance the relevance of the findings reported.
Validation of an Inventory of Best Practices in the Provision of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Services to Students With Severe Disabilities in General Education Classrooms
Authors: Calculator Stephen N. , Black Tibbany 
Published: November 2009

Purpose
To compile and then validate a set of evidence-based best practices related to augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and its role in fostering the inclusion of students with severe disabilities in general education classrooms and other inclusive settings.

Method
A comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to AAC and inclusive education for students with severe disabilities in inclusive classrooms resulted in an inventory of possible best practices. Reliability testing was conducted to verify levels of evidence assigned to each source and corresponding practice. Practices were reviewed and validated by a panel of 8 experts. Statistical analysis revealed a high level of internal consistency across items composing the inventory.

Results
An inventory of 91 practices, each assigned to 1 of 8 predetermined categories, was uncovered. Themes arising in experts' comments related to items in the inventory are discussed.

Conclusions
Possible uses of the inventory are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
The Effects of Fast ForWord Language on the Phonemic Awareness and Reading Skills of School-Age Children With Language Impairments and Poor Reading Skills
Authors: Loeb Diane Frome , Gillam Ronald B. , Hoffman LaVae , Brandel Jayne , Marquis Janet 
Published: November 2009

Purpose
To examine the efficacy of Fast ForWord Language (FFW-L) and 2 other interventions for improving the phonemic awareness and reading skills of children with specific language impairment with concurrent poor reading skills.

Method
A total of 103 children (age 6;0 to 8;11 [years;months]) with language impairment and poor reading skills participated. The children received either FFW-L computerized intervention, a computer-assisted language intervention (CALI), an individualized language intervention (ILI), or an attention control (AC) computer program.

Results
The children in the FFW-L, CALI, and ILI conditions made significantly greater gains in blending sounds in words compared with the AC group at immediate posttest. Long-term gains 6 months after treatment were not significant but yielded a medium effect size for blending sounds in words. None of the interventions led to significant changes in reading skills.

Conclusion
The improvement in phonemic awareness, but not reading, in the FFW-L, CALI, and ILI interventions limits their use with children who have language impairment and poor reading skills. Similar results across treatment conditions suggest that acoustically modified speech was not a necessary component for improving phonemic awareness.
Transcribing the Speech of Children With Cochlear Implants: Clinical Application of Narrow Phonetic Transcriptions
Authors: Teoh Amy P. , Chin Steven B. 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe phonological systems of children with cochlear implants may include segment inventories that contain both target and nontarget speech sounds. These children may not consistently follow phonological rules of the target language. These issues present a challenge for the clinical speech-language pathologist who uses phonetic transcriptions to evaluate speech production skills and to develop a plan of care. The purposes of this tutorial are to (a) identify issues associated with phonetic transcriptions of the speech of children with cochlear implants and (b) discuss implications for assessment.MethodNarrow transcription data from an ongoing, longitudinal research study were catalogued and reviewed. Study participants had at least 5 years of cochlear implant experience and used spoken American English as a primary means of communication. In this tutorial, selected phonetic symbols and phonetic phenomena are reviewed.ConclusionsA set of principles for phonetic transcriptions is proposed. Narrow phonetic transcriptions that include all segment possibilities in the International Phonetic Alphabet and extensions for disordered speech are needed to capture the subtleties of the speech of children with cochlear implants. Narrow transcriptions also may play a key role in planning treatment.
Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Swallowing and Neural Activation
Authors: Clark Heather , Lazarus Cathy , Arvedson Joan , Schooling Tracy , Frymark Tobi 
Published: November 2009

Purpose
To systematically review the literature examining the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on swallowing and neural activation. The review was conducted as part of a series examining the effects of oral motor exercises (OMEs) on speech, swallowing, and neural activation.

Method
A systematic search was conducted to identify relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 1960 to 2007. All studies meeting the exclusion/inclusion criteria were appraised for quality and categorized as efficacy or exploratory research based on predetermined criteria.

Results
Out of 899 citations initially identified for the broad review of OMEs, 14 articles relating to NMES qualified for inclusion. Most of the studies (10/14) were considered exploratory research, and many had significant methodological limitations.

Conclusions
This systematic review reveals that surface NMES to the neck has been most extensively studied with promising findings, yet high-quality controlled trials are needed to provide evidence of efficacy. Surface NMES to the palate, faucial pillars, and pharynx has been explored in Phase I research, but no evidence of efficacy is currently available. Intramuscular NMES has been investigated in a single Phase I exploratory study. Additional research is needed to document the effects of such protocols on swallowing performance.
Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Nonspeech Oral Motor Exercises on Speech
Authors: McCauley Rebecca J. , Strand Edythe , Lof Gregory L. , Schooling Tracy , Frymark Tobi 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review was to examine the current evidence for the use of oral motor exercises (OMEs) on speech (i.e., speech physiology, speech production, and functional speech outcomes) as a means of supporting further research and clinicians' use of evidence-based practice.MethodThe peer-reviewed literature from 1960 to 2007 was searched for articles examining the use of OMEs to affect speech physiology, production, or functional outcomes (i.e., intelligibility). Articles that met selection criteria were appraised by 2 reviewers and vetted by a 3rd for methodological quality, then characterized as efficacy or exploratory studies.ResultsFifteen studies met inclusion criteria; of these, 8 included data relevant to the effects of OMEs on speech physiology, 8 on speech production, and 8 on functional speech outcomes. Considerable variation was noted in the participants, interventions, and treatment schedules. The critical appraisals identified significant weaknesses in almost all studies.ConclusionsInsufficient evidence to support or refute the use of OMEs to produce effects on speech was found in the research literature. Discussion is largely confined to a consideration of the need for more well-designed studies using well-described participant groups and alternative bases for evidence-based practice.
Marine reserves and the evolutionary effects of fishing on size at maturation
Authors: Miethe Tanja , Dytham Calvin , Dieckmann Ulf , Pitchford Jonathan W. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Miethe, T., Dytham, C., Dieckmann, U., and Pitchford, J. W. 2010. Marine reserves and the evolutionary effects of fishing on size at maturation. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 412–425. Size-selective fishing may induce rapid evolutionary changes in life-history traits such as size at maturation. A major concern is that these changes will reduce population biomass and detrimentally affect yield and recruitment. Although marine reserves have been proposed as a tool for fisheries management, their evolutionary implications have as yet attracted little scrutiny. A simple model is used to investigate whether marine reserves can be expected to mitigate the evolutionary impacts of fishing on maturation size. The adaptive dynamics of size at maturation are analysed based on a stage-structured population model including size-selective fishing and marine reserves with different retention rates. As has been shown before, imposing greater fishing mortality on the largest individuals promotes an evolutionary change towards smaller maturation size. In the model, protecting part of a fish stock using a marine reserve can prevent such fisheries-induced evolution, and this protection critically depends on the type and extent of movement between the reserve and the fished area. Specifically, although the frequent movement of large adults increases catches of large adult fish outside a marine reserve, it also reduces the reserve's effectiveness in preventing fisheries-induced evolution. In contrast, when there is exchange between protected and fished areas through juvenile export alone, a marine reserve can effectively prevent evolution towards smaller maturation size, but does so at the expense of reducing the yield of large adult fish. Differences in the movement behaviour of successive life stages need to be considered for marine reserves, to help make fisheries more sustainable evolutionarily.
Effects of Impact Dehuller Rotor Speed on Dehulling Characteristics of Diverse Oat Genotypes Grown in Different Environments
Authors: Doehlert D. C. , Wiesenborn D. P. , McMullen M. S. , Ohm J.‐B. , Riveland N. R. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTCommercial processing of oats for human consumption generally requires impact dehulling to isolate groats from the hull. Impact dehulling involves feeding oat grain into the center of a spinning rotor that expels the grain against the walls of the dehuller. The force of the impact breaks the hull from the groat. We have tested the effect of rotor speed on dehulling efficiency, groat breakage, and unbroken groat yield on 18 oat genotypes from replicated plots in six different environments. Dehulling efficiency and groat breakage increased with rotor speed with all genotypes and environments, but there were significant genotypic and environmental effects as well. In general, genotypes with higher test weight and kernel density dehulled more efficiently at slower rotor speeds. Oat genotypes with higher oil and protein concentrations in their groats tended to break less during dehulling. Oats from hotter, drier environments suffered greater groat breakage. Maximal unbroken groat yield represented a balance between dehulling efficiency and groat breakage, but groat proportion and dehulling efficiency appeared to be the most important factors contributing to groat yield.
A theoretical model of the explosive fragmentation of vesicular magma
Authors: Fowler A. C. , Scheu Bettina , Lee W. T. , McGuinness M. J. 
Published: November 2009

Recent experimental work has shown that, when a vertical column of rock under large pressure is suddenly depressurized, the column can ‘explode’ in a structured and repeatable way. The observations show that a sequence of horizontal fractures forms from the top down, and the resulting blocks are lifted off and ejected. The blocks can suffer secondary internal fractures. This experiment provides a framework for understanding the way in which catastrophic explosion can occur, and is motivated by the corresponding phenomenon of magmatic explosion during Vulcanian eruptions. We build a theoretical model to describe these results, and show that it is capable of describing both the primary sequence of fracturing and the secondary intrablock fracturing. The model allows us to suggest a practical criterion for when such explosions occur: firstly, the initial confining pressure must exceed the yield stress of the rock, and, secondly, the diffusion of the gas by porous flow must be sufficiently slow that a large excess pore pressure is built up. This will be the case if the rock permeability is small enough.
Exploration of beneficial and deleterious effects of inflammation in stroke: dynamics of inflammation cells
Authors: Lelekov-Boissard Taïssia , Chapuisat Guillemette , Boissel Jean-Pierre , Grenier Emmanuel , Dronne Marie-Aimée 
Published: November 2009

The inflammatory process during stroke consists of activation of resident brain microglia and recruitment of leucocytes, namely neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. During inflammation, microglial cells, neutrophils and macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and phagocytize dead cells. The recruitment of blood cells (neutrophils and macrophages) is mediated by the leucocyte–endothelium interactions and more specifically by cell adhesion molecules.
A mathematical model is proposed to represent the dynamics of various brain cells and of immune cells (neutrophils and macrophages). This model is based on a set of six ordinary differential equations and explores the beneficial and deleterious effects of inflammation, respectively phagocytosis by immune cells and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide (NO).

The results of our simulations are qualitatively consistent with those observed in experiments
in vivo
and would suggest that the increase of phagocytosis could contribute to the increase of the percentage of living cells. The inhibition of the production of cytokines and NO and the blocking of neutrophil and macrophage infiltration into the brain parenchyma led also to the improvement of brain cell survival.

This approach may help to explore the respective contributions of the beneficial and deleterious roles of the inflammatory process in stroke, and to study various therapeutic strategies in order to reduce stroke damage.
Monitoring of haemostasis in liver transplantation: comparison of laboratory based and point of care tests
Authors: Herbstreit F. , Winter E. M. , Peters J. , Hartmann M. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryDuring orthotopic liver transplanatation haemostasis is often disturbed and coagulation monitoring is mandatory. We compared the results obtained by whole blood prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time assays (Hemochron®) and thrombelastometry (ROTEM® 05) with laboratory coagulation assays (prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time, fibrinogen, and platelet count) in samples obtained during orthotopic liver transplantations. Determination of prothrombin time and activated partial prothrombin time using the Hemochron device showed good correlation with laboratory coagulation assays (r = 0.912, p < 0.001, and r = 0.794, p < 0.001). Maximum clot firmness as determined by thrombelastometry correlated well with platelet count (r = 0.779, p < 0.001) and, to a lesser degree, with fibrinogen concentration (r = 0.590, p < 0.001). During orthotopic liver transplantation, prothrombin time and activated partial prothrombin time can be reliably determined by the Hemochron device, while thrombelastometry allows assessment of platelet count and fibrinogen concentration.
Fusion of PDGFRB to two distinct loci at 3p21 and a third at 12q13 in imatinib‐responsive myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Hidalgo‐Curtis Claire , Apperley Jane F. , Stark Anthony , Jeng Michael , Gotlib Jason , Chase Andrew , Cross Nicholas C. P. , Grand Francis H. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryWe identified four patients who presented with BCR‐ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms and cytogenetically visible abnormalities of chromosome band 5q31‐35. Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β gene (PDGFRB) was disrupted in all four cases and 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends identified in‐frame mRNA fusions between PDGFRB and WDR48 (3p21), GOLGA4 (3p21) and BIN2 (12q13). Strikingly, all three genes encode proteins involving intracellular trafficking. Imatinib, a known inhibitor of PDGFRβ, selectively blocked the growth of t(3;5) myeloid colonies and produced clinically significant responses in all patients. We conclude that PDGFRB fuses to diverse partner genes in atypical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Although very rare, identification of these fusions is critical for proper management of affected individuals.
Component‐resolved diagnosis from latex allergy by microarray
Authors: Ebo D. G. , Hagendorens M. M. , De Knop K. J. , Verweij M. M. , Bridts C. H. , De Clerck L. S. , Stevens W. J. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryBackground
A positive specific IgE (sIgE) result for latex does not always mirror the clinical situation and is frequently found in individuals without overt latex allergy.Objective
We sought to investigate the potential of component‐resolved diagnosis (CRD) of latex allergy by microarray and to assess whether the technique allows discriminating genuine allergy from asymptomatic sensitization.Methods
Twenty‐six healthy controls without a history of latex allergy with a negative latex sIgE and skin test, 22 latex‐allergic patients with a compelling history of latex allergy with a positive latex sIgE and prick test and 20 latex‐sensitized individuals with a frequent asymptomatic exposure to natural rubber latex‐containing devices with a negative latex skin test but a positive sIgE were also included. CRD was performed with the ImmunoCAP ISAC microarray and traditional singleplexed ImmunoCAP.Results
In all patients, the diagnosis of latex allergy could be established by the combination of recombinant latex components present on the microarray (Hev b 1, Hev b 3, Hev b 5 and Hev b 6.02). Over three‐quarters of our patients were sensitized for Hev b 5 and/or Hev b 6.02. Some patients also displayed reactivity for Hev b 1 and/or Hev b 3. In contrast, none of the individuals sensitized to natural rubber latex or control individuals demonstrated IgE reactivity for rHev b 1, rHev b 3, rHev b 5 or rHev b 6.02. Three‐quarters of the patients sensitized to latex displayed a positive microarray result for recombinant latex profilin (rHev b 8). In contrast to the results obtained by traditional ImmunoCAP for bromelain, almost no sensitization for cross‐reactive carbohydrates was demonstrated by bromelain spotted on the microarray. CRD by traditional singleplexed ImmunoCAP showed highly comparable results.Conclusion
CRD by microarray is a reliable tool for diagnosing latex allergy. In addition, the technique allows discrimination between genuine allergy and sensitization. CRD by microarray can improve the diagnosis of IgE‐mediated latex allergy by discriminating between genuine allergy and sensitization. CRD by microarray is a reliable tool to diagnose latex allergy. In addition, the technique allows discrimination between a genuine allergy and simple sensitization. Cite this as: D. G. Ebo, M. M. Hagendorens, K. J. De Knop, M. M. Verweij, C. H. Bridts, L. S. De Clerck and W. J. Stevens, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 348– 358.
Evaluation of the radiopacity of calcium silicate cements containing different radiopacifiers
Authors: Camilleri J. , Gandolfi M. G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  To identify the suitable ratio of alternative radiopacifiers to impart the necessary radiopacity to calcium silicate cements (CSC) and assess the purity of the radiopacifying agents.Methodology  Alternative radiopacifying materials for incorporation into CSC included barium sulphate, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, gold powder and silver/tin alloy. The chemical composition of the alternative radipacifying materials and bismuth oxide, which is used in mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), was determined using energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. In addition, using an aluminium step‐wedge and densitometer, the radiopacity of each material was evaluated as recommended by international standards. The optical density was compared with the relevant thickness of aluminium (Al). A commercial MTA and CSC were used as controls. Statistical analysis comparing the radiodensity of the different cements to MTA was performed using anova with P = 0.05 and post hoc Tukey test.Results  All percentage replacements of bismuth oxide, gold and silver–tin alloy powder, and the 25% and 30% replacements with barium sulphate and zinc oxide had radiopacities greater than 3 mm thickness of aluminium (Al) recommended by ISO 6876 (2002). The 25% replacement of cement with gold powder and 20% replacement of cement with silver/tin alloy powder exhibited radiopacity values of 8.04 mm Al and 7.52 mm Al, respectively, similar to MTA (P > 0.05). The cement replaced with 20% bismuth oxide showed a radiopacity of 6.83 mm Al, lower than MTA (P = 0.003).Conclusions  Silver/tin alloy and gold powder imparted the necessary radiopacity to a calcium silicate‐based cement. Barium sulphate was also a suitable radiopacifier together with a lower concentration of silver/tin alloy and gold powder that achieved the radiodensity recommended by ISO 6876. Further research is required to investigate the broader properties of the calcium silicate‐based cement with the different radiopacifiers.