bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast data access and energy‐efficient protocol for wireless data broadcast
Authors: Shin Haw‐Yun , Yen Mao‐Hsu , Tseng Chih‐Cheng , Liu Hung‐Huan 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIn wireless mobile computing environments, broadcasting is an effective and scalable technique to disseminate information to a massive number of clients, wherein the energy usage and responsiveness are considered major concerns. Existing air indexing schemes for data broadcast have focused on energy efficiency (reducing tuning time) only. On the other hand, existing broadcast scheduling schemes have aimed at reducing access latency through nonflat data broadcast to improve responsiveness only. Not much work has addressed the energy efficiency and responsiveness issues concurrently. In this paper, we propose a fast data access scheme concurrently supporting energy saving protocol that constructs the broadcast channels according to the access frequency of each type of message in order to improve energy efficiency in mobile devices (MDs). The pinwheel scheduling algorithm (PSA) presented in this paper is used to organize all types of messages in the broadcast channel in the most symmetrical distribution in order to reduce both the tuning and access time. The performance of the proposed mechanism is analyzed, and the improvement over existing methods is demonstrated numerically. The results show that the proposed mechanism is capable of improving both the tuning and access time due to the presence of skewness in the access distribution among the disseminated messages. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Content creation in virtual worlds to support adolescent identity development
Authors: Beals Laura M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractVirtual worlds are online graphical environments that are becoming an increasingly large part of the online experience of young people. Virtual worlds have the potential to become one additional environment, like school, home, and the playground, where youth can learn, play, and grow. The physical world is becoming interconnected with virtual worlds, and it is important for researchers to understand how this will affect children's development. Virtual worlds technologies provide a unique opportunity to allow youth to explore many types of content creation, including customizable avatars, media galleries, and virtual representations of personal spaces. This ability for youth to create content can be an important means by which to support and encourage adolescent identity development.
Mobilizing Communities to Implement Evidence‐Based Practices in Youth Violence Prevention: The State of the Art
Authors: Backer Thomas E. , Guerra Nancy G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCommunity mobilization can increase the effective implementation of evidence‐based practices (EBPs) in youth violence prevention. These strategies bring together people and organizations in a community to try to solve or reduce a problem. They help communities address the challenges of identifying EBPs, disseminating them to local decision‐makers, and then implementing and sustaining them if they are successful. Science‐based systems for implementing EBPs such as PROSPER and Communities That Care can help to integrate this complex work in communities. Further insight about implementing EBPs in youth violence prevention is being developed through the CDC‐funded Academic Centers for Excellence in Youth Violence Prevention. Community mobilization approaches for seven of these programs are discussed, highlighting successful approaches and challenges encountered.
Selection of nest sites by wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus in a Mediterranean agro‐forest landscape
Authors: Rosalino Luís M. , Ferreira Dulce , Leitão Inês , Santos‐Reis Margarida 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOne of the most important structures for an individual's survival is a refuge, especially for species subject to significant predatory pressure or living in environments affected by severe climatic conditions. We studied how wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), inhabiting a Mediterranean environment, use nests and the factors that could be determining this use. Radio‐tracking of 16 mice allowed us to detect 24 diurnal nests, which were used with a high fidelity rate (1.75 nests/animal). Nest sites that had been identified using radio‐tracking were matched with 24 randomly selected non‐nest sites (located within an area defined by the sum of all individual home ranges), and all sites were characterized according to their macro‐ and micro‐habitat parameters. Using a generalized linear model, we tested three hypotheses: (1) a nest's use is influenced by its proximity to food patches; (2) the degree of sheltering provided by each site influences its use; and (3) nest use is constrained by a combination of food‐ and shelter‐related features. Females had higher nest fidelity than males, and the degree of sheltering provided by each site had a positive significant influence on its use. Nests offering higher protection (e.g., under thick vegetation), good drainage (e.g., sleep slopes), and lower human and predatory disturbance (far from orchards) were most often used. The proximity to food patches seemed to negatively influence nest use. Results indicate the need to preserve patches of natural dense vegetation near riparian habitats, which is in agreement with the focus of mammalian protection plans in Mediterranean agricultural landscapes. These patches are important areas for Apodemus sylvaticus, an acorn disperser species, which is preyed on by raptors and mammalian carnivores.
Les tumeurs testiculaires à cellules de Leydig: à propos de quatre cas et revue de la littérature
Authors: Tazi M. F. , Ahsaini M. , Khalouk A. , Fassi M. J. , Farih M. H. 
Published: January 2011

Résumé

Introduction
Les tumeurs testiculaires à cellules de Leydig (TTCL) sont rares, elles représentent entre 1 et 3 % de l’ensemble des tumeurs testiculaires, ce sont les plus fréquentes des tumeurs des cordons sexuels et du stroma. Ces tumeurs se développent le plus fréquemment (55 %) chez les sujets jeunes de 15 à 35 ans, mais elles peuvent se voir aussi chez les enfants lors de la première décennie (20 %) et chez les hommes après 50 ans (25 %). Le mode de révélation le plus fréquent chez l’adulte est la gynécomastie, par contre chez l’enfant, c’est la pseudopuberté précoce isosexuelle. Elles posent le problème de leur diagnostic biologique devant des formes non palpables et du choix de leur traitement chirurgical en raison de la difficulté diagnostique entre les formes bénignes et malignes.

Matériel et méthodes
Nous rapportons quatre présentations différentes de cette pathologie dont les paramètres étudiés seront l’âge, le mode de révélation, le profil hormonal, le type de traitement et le mode évolutif.

Résultats
L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 37 ans et demi. Le mode de révélation était deux fois sur quatre en rapport avec une grosse bourse unilatérale, une fois pour grosse bourse bilatérale, une fois en rapport avec une gynécomastie. Dans tous les cas, la testostérone était normale ou basse et l’estradiol normal ou élevé. Les quatre patients ont subi une orchidectomie associée à une énucléation controlatérale chez un seul des patients. L’évolution était favorable pour tous nos patients, avec un recul moyen de 15 mois.

Conclusion
Le but de cette revue est de présenter, sur la base de quatre observations cliniques différentes et de l’analyse de la littérature, les différents aspects cliniques, biologiques, radiologiques pathologiques et thérapeutiques des TTCL.
Direct nodal sampling by echoendoscopy in lung cancer: the clinician’s expectations
Authors: Schuhmann Maren , Eberhardt Ralf , Herth Felix J. F. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
Mediastinal lymph node staging for lung cancer remains one of the most important factors to determine patient outcome.

Methods
Noninvasive imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, PET and PET-CT provide some answers but no tissue diagnosis.

Results
The development of endo-oesophageal (EUS) and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) with fine-needle aspiration has provided the clinician with a tool to investigate the mediastinum and the adrenal gland with a safe, minimally invasive procedure that can be performed on an outpatient basis.

Conclusion
The aim of this article was to give radiologists an overview of the techniques of EUS and EBUS and their role in the staging of lung cancer patients.
Pflegestützpunkte und Nutzerorientierung – eine langfristige Organisationsentwicklungsaufgabe
Authors: Röber Michaela , Hämel Kerstin 
Published: January 2011

Einleitung
Mit dem Pflegeweiterentwicklungsgesetz (2008) wurde ein Rechtsanspruch auf Pflegeberatung geschaffen. In der Mehrzahl der Bundesländer soll die Beratung, die von den Pflegekassen vorzuhalten ist, in Pflegestützpunkten stattfinden. Dort sollen mit Beteiligung der Kommunen Unterstützungsangebote im Bereich Hilfe und Pflege wohnort- und nutzernah gebündelt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden Implementierungsprobleme sowie Handlungsfelder für eine nutzerorientierte Ausrichtung diskutiert.
Interne und externe Patientenorientierung in der medizinischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Körner Mirjam , Ehrhardt Heike , Steger Anne-Kathrin 
Published: January 2011

Einleitung
In der medizinischen Rehabilitation besteht die Notwendigkeit, aus dem bislang arztorientierten System ein patientenorientiertes System zu entwickeln. Es ist dabei nicht ausreichend die Bedürfnisse und Präferenzen der Patienten in den Behandler-Patient-Interaktionen (externe Patientenorientierung) zu berücksichtigen, sondern die gesamten Strukturen, Prozesse in der Klinik (interne Patientenorientierung) müssen konsequent an den Patientenanforderungen ausgerichtet werden.
Assessing incrementalism: Formative assumptions, contemporary realities
Authors: Pal Leslie A 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Lindblom's 1959 article on incrementalism is one of the most cited works in social science.1 This article examines and probes five of the theory's basic, underlying assumptions in light of current empirical and theoretical approaches. The five assumptions are: (1) the limited nature of rationality and the weak powers of human cognition, (2) the emphasis on practical reason and applied knowledge, (3) partisan mutual adjustment conceived as interactions and conflicts among singular, distinct, and disconnected entities, (4) policy decisions made incrementally can be remediated and reversed, and (5) the United States political system is taken as the model for incremental politics. In our assessment, incrementalism holds up quite well with more recent thinking on public policy process with respect to the first and second assumptions. The third assumption has been confronted by new work on networks. The fourth has been challenged by theories on path dependency. The fifth assumption betrayed a national focus and strong value consensus – globalization and “culture wars” have rendered it untenable. The article therefore gives only qualified support for the continued relevance of incrementalism as a theory of the policy process.
ZAI IMPROVES NUTRIENT AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN THE ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS
Authors: AMEDE TILAHUN , MENZA MESFIN , AWLACHEW SELESHI BEKELE 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYIn the East African highlands, crop yields tend to increase with proximity of the farm plots to homesteads. Farmers identified soil erosion as the most detrimental cause of low crop yield in the outfields followed by soil compaction due to livestock trampling. The main objective of this study was to determine whether zai pits (i.e. small water harvesting pits) developed for dryland regions of the Sahel could increase crop yield and water productivity of degraded outfields in high rainfall areas, where mean annual rainfall exceeds 1300 mm but soil water infiltration is reduced by slope, low soil organic matter and hardpans. The pits were enlarged to resist strong runoff flows. The research was conducted over three years from 2004 to 2006. Potatoes and beans were used as test crops. Overall, compared to control plots, the zai pits, in combination with nitrogen (N) inputs, increased potato yields from 500% to 2000% (p ≤ 0.001). The pits contributed more to increased crop yield than N inputs. Similarly, bean yields from the zai pits were up to 250% higher. Crop water productivity was 300–700% higher with zai pits than with control plots. The income of farmers who used zai pits was up to 20-fold higher than the labour costs required to prepare them. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this study reveals that the major constraint of the outfields is not nutrient deficiency per se rather low soil water holding capacity, which hinders crop growth and efficient utilization of available nutrients.
INSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF GOVERNANCE OF LOCAL COMMON POOL RESOURCES ON LIVESTOCK WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: DENEKE TILAYE TEKLEWOLD , MAPEDZA EVERISTO , AMEDE TILAHUN 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYImproving water productivity depends on how local communal water and grazing resources are governed. This involves institutional and organizational issues. In the mixed farming systems of the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, non-participatory water users’ associations, neglect of traditional water rights, corruption, village power relations, inequitable allocation of irrigated land and free-grazing practice impact the governance of local common pool resources (CPR). Indigenous governance structures for CPR such as thekireare participatory and effective in terms of rule enforcement. Externally initiated governance structures lack acceptance by farmers and sufficient support from local government. In order to improve water productivity in the mixed farming systems, institutional deficiencies need attention and existing indigenous governance structures require recognition and support.
The role of urban agriculture in building resilient cities in developing countries
Authors: DE ZEEUW H. , VAN VEENHUIZEN R. , DUBBELING M. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThe current paper briefly summarizes the available evidence regarding the potential of urban agriculture to respond to a number of key urban challenges and reviews the perspectives on urban agriculture applied by local and national authorities. The last section of the paper briefly presents the authors’ views on the development of urban agriculture as an integral part of sustainable city development.
New species of excavating sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) on coral reefs from the Mexican Pacific Ocean
Authors: Cruz-Barraza José Antonio , Carballo José Luis , Bautista-Guerrero Eric , Nava Héctor 
Published: January 2011

Three new species of coral reef boring sponges were found in remote coral reefs from Revillagigedo Island, an archipelago that is 386 km from the continent.Cliona medinaesp. nov. is a sponge with orange-yellow papillae characterized by short almost straight spirasters.Cliona tropicalissp. nov., is a yellow papillate sponge with a spicule complement similar to the species included in theCliona viridiscomplex. However, the new species differs from the rest of the species mainly in its external morphology and by differences in the size and shape of spicules.Thoosa purpureasp. nov. is characterized by its purple colour, and the spicular complement formed by tylostyles, two amphiaster categories, bi- tri- and tetra-radiate oxyasters and smooth or microspined centrotylote oxeas. In addition,Cliothosa tylostrongylatasp. nov. is also described from coral reefs from the southern Mexican Pacific Ocean. This is a light red species, with tylostyles and tylostrongyles as megascleres and ramose and nodulose amphiasters as microscleres. The four species were found exclusively excavating skeletons of live or dead corals of the genusPocillopora. This study increases the number of boring sponges known from the Mexican Pacific Ocean to 22 species and it is the first study on marine sponge fauna from the Revillagigedo archipelago.
Angiogenesis and parasitic helminth-associated neovascularization
Authors: DENNIS ROGER D. , SCHUBERT UWE , BAUER CHRISTIAN 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYSuccessful metazoan parasitism, among many other factors, requires a supply of nutrients and the removal of waste products. There is a prerequisite for a parasite-defined vasculature. The angiogenic mechanism(s) involved presumably depend on the characteristics of the tissue- and vascular system-dwelling, parasitic helminths. Simplistically, 2 possibilities or a combination of both have been considered in this review. The multifactorial induction of parasitic helminth-associated neovascularization could arise through, either a host-, a parasite- or a host-/parasite-dependent, angiogenic switch. Most studies appear to support the first and third hypotheses, but evidence exists for the intrahepatic cestodeEchinococcus multilocularis, the free-living nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansand the intravascular trematodeSchistosoma mansonifor the second inference. In contrast, the nematode anti-coagulant protein NAPc2 from adultAncylostoma caninumis also an anti-angiogenic factor.
Self-detection in robots: a method based on detecting temporal contingencies
Authors: Stoytchev Alexander 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the problem of self-detection by a robot. The paper describes a methodology for autonomous learning of the characteristic delay between motor commands (efferent signals) and observed movements of visual stimuli (afferent signals). The robot estimates its own efferent-afferent delay from self-observation data gathered while performing motor babbling, i.e., random rhythmic movements similar to the primary circular reactions described by Piaget. After the efferent-afferent delay is estimated, the robot imprints on that delay and can later use it to successfully classify visual stimuli as either “self” or “other.” Results from robot experiments performed in environments with increasing degrees of difficulty are reported.
Prosecuting the French: patterns of trials against French defendants in Valencia, 1566–1686
Authors: KNUTSEN GUNNAR W. , NAVARRO DANIEL MUÑOZ 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTA serial study of court records from two different jurisdictions in early modern Valencia shows that during the years 1566–1686 there was one single period with significantly higher numbers of trials against French defendants. This coincided with the period of the Spanish monarchy's greatest worries about outside influence in Spain. However, the increased number of trials is only traceable in one of the two courts under study, that of the Inquisition, which was under the control of the central government. The locally controlled court of criminal justice (Justicia) did not show any such increased activity against Frenchmen.
Participating is more important than winning: the impact of socio-economic change on commoners' participation in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Flanders
Authors: DE MOOR TINE 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article the participation profile of commoners of a Flemish case-study is reconstructed in order to identify their individual motivations for using the common, in some cases even becoming a manager of that common, in some cases only just claiming membership. Nominative linkages between membership lists, book-keeping accounts and regulatory documents of the common on the one hand and censuses and marriage acts on the other allow us to explain the behaviour of the commoners. It becomes clear why some decisions were taken – for example, to dissolve a well-functioning cattle-registration system – and how these affected the resource use of the common during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The analysis explains how internal shifts in power balances amongst groups of active users and those who did not have the means or willingness to participate could jeopardize the internal cohesion of the commoners as a group.
Political Science Careers at Comprehensive Universities: Building Balanced Careers at “Greedy” Institutions
Authors: Hendrickson Ryan C. , Mueller Melinda A. , Strand Jonathan R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA considerable amount of research exists about political science careers at community colleges and liberal arts institutions, as well as about training and hiring practices across different types of institutions. However, there is virtually no commentary available on political science careers at comprehensive institutions, where a significant proportion of those in the field will spend their professional careers. The primary goal of this article is to initiate a conversation about working at a comprehensive university, which has both similarities to and important differences with Ph.D.-granting universities and liberal arts institutions. In doing so, we seek to highlight and discuss unique subtleties and complexities in the areas of teaching, research, and service that may provide insight into careers at comprehensive institutions and assist those who may be seeking or have just gained academic positions at such institutions.
TBC proteins: GAPs for mammalian small GTPase Rab?
Authors: Fukuda Mitsunori 
Published: January 2011

The TBC (Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16) domain was originally identified as a conserved domain among the tre-2 oncogene product and the yeast cell cycle regulators Bub2 and Cdc16, and it is now widely recognized as a conserved protein motif that consists of approx. 200 amino acids in all eukaryotes. Since the TBC domain of yeast Gyps [GAP (GTPase-activating protein) for Ypt proteins] has been shown to function as a GAP domain for small GTPase Ypt/Rab, TBC domain-containing proteins (TBC proteins) in other species are also expected to function as a certain Rab-GAP. More than 40 different TBC proteins are present in humans and mice, and recent accumulating evidence has indicated that certain mammalian TBC proteins actually function as a specific Rab-GAP. Some mammalian TBC proteins {e.g. TBC1D1 [TBC (Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16) domain family, member 1] and TBC1D4/AS160 (Akt substrate of 160 kDa)} play an important role in homoeostasis in mammals, and defects in them are directly associated with mouse and human diseases (e.g. leanness in mice and insulin resistance in humans). The present study reviews the structure and function of mammalian TBC proteins, especially in relation to Rab small GTPases.