bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spirituality and caring in old age and the significance of religion – a hermeneutical study from Norway
Authors: Rykkje Linda L. R. , Eriksson Katie , Raholm Maj‐Britt 
Published: June 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 275–284

Spirituality and caring in old age and the significance of religion – a hermeneutical study from Norway
Spirituality is an important part of caring for the whole human being. However, there is lack of consensus about the concept parameter, and there is an ongoing discussion in nursing regarding the relation between religion and spirituality. Spirituality and religion is found to support health and well‐being in old age, and this article portrays how older Norwegians understand religion and religious support as part of spirituality and caring. The theoretical framework in this study is Eriksson’s caritative caring theory, and the research aim is to broaden the understanding of spirituality from a caring science perspective. The methodology is hermeneutical according to Gadamer. The study is based upon qualitative content analysis of 30 interviews with 17 participants above 74 years, six men and 11 women. The findings portray connectedness with a Higher power, including how Christianity has influenced upon the philosophy of life of the participants, wonders about the end of life/afterlife, and the meaning of religious symbols and rituals. The study also portrays how religious support may foster dignity, especially near the end of life, and experiences and opinions regarding support from nursing personnel. The study concludes that religiousness cannot be separated from spirituality, and that nurses should be able to provide spiritual care to a certain extent. Spiritual care including religious support according to patients’ desires may foster health and preserve human dignity.
Psychiatric disorders in an urban sample of preschool children
Authors: Gudmundsson Olafur O. , Magnusson Pall , Saemundsen Evald , Lauth Bertrand , Baldursson Gisli , Skarphedinsson Gudmundur , Fombonne Eric 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundTo increase limited epidemiological knowledge of early childhood psychopathology, a study of prevalence estimates and demographic correlates of psychiatric disorders was conducted in a sample of preschool children.MethodsIn a two‐stage study, parents of 339 children aged 4–6 years who came for a medical check‐up at three primary care centres in Reykjavik were invited to participate. First, the participants were screened with Brigance Screens and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for parents and teachers. Subsequently, the children were tested with a short version of Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence – Revised and their parents were interviewed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children Present and Lifetime Version. Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated and logistic regression was used to analyse the association between risk factors and psychiatric disorders.ResultsOf those invited to participate, 317 (93.5%) were included in the screening and of those, 131 received a full diagnostic assessment. The final study sample included 151 girls (47.6%) and 166 boys (52.4%) who represented 11.6% of the total birth cohort in Reykjavik. Weighted prevalence of DSM‐IV psychiatric disorders was 10.1% (95% CI 6.7–13.5%) and 57/317 or 18.0% (95% CI 13.8–22.2%), including elimination disorders. Anxiety disorders (5.7%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (3.8%) were the most common disorders in this preschool sample. Poor physical health of parents and higher education was associated with DSM‐IV psychiatric disorders of the children. SDQ Total Difficulties score was associated with male gender and poor physical health of parents.ConclusionsThis study indicates that psychiatric disorders in preschool children are common and may be correlated with parental health factors.
Effect of feedback on ventilator care bundle compliance: before and after study
Authors: Lawrence Petra , Fulbrook Paul 
Published: June 2012

Background: Care bundles cluster together several evidence‐based practices and, in the intensive care setting, the ventilator care bundle (VCB) has been applied widely.Aim: To determine the effect of monthly feedback on VCB compliance.Design: Before and after study: primary outcome measure VCB compliance.Methods: Data were collected for 1 year from two metropolitan general intensive care units (ICU) on one randomly allocated day per week. Baseline data from adult ventilated patients were collected during the first 6 months (phase 1). During the second 6 months (phase 2), monthly compliance data were provided to each ICU regarding both ICUs' performance.Results: Both ‘all or nothing’ compliance (when all four VCB elements were complied with) and overall compliance (the average compliance of the four elements) increased between the two phases. These increases were mostly small and statistically insignificant. Although both measures increased in ICU B, both fell in ICU A. ICU B's overall compliance increase was statistically significant (p = 0·005), but its ‘all or nothing’ compliance increase (19%), whilst arguably clinically significant, did not reach statistical significance. ICU B achieved increased compliance with all four VCB elements in phase 2, whereas ICU A achieved increases in two elements (deep vein thrombosis and gastric ulcer prophylaxis). Both ICUs achieved 100% compliance with gastric ulcer prophylaxis for all of phase 2. Head of bed elevation was the least complied with element in phase 1, and increased in ICU B only in phase 2.Conclusions: Although the compliance rates with individual elements are encouraging, the results regarding the effect of feedback on VCB compliance were variable. The finding of relatively poor compliance with head of bed elevation is consistent with previous research.Recommendations: Further research is needed to determine the effects of audit and feedback, and which strategies are most effective.
Dyadic Interaction: Greater than the Sum of its Parts?
Authors: Moore Ginger A. , Powers Christopher J. , Bass Anneliese J. , Cohn Jeffrey F. , Propper Cathi B. , Allen Nicholas B. , Lewinsohn Peter M. 
Published: June 2012

The study of dyadic interaction plays a major role in infancy research. To advance conceptually informed measurement of dyadic interaction and integration across studies, we examined factor structure of individual parents' and infants' measures and dyadic measures from face‐to‐face interactions in two samples of 6‐month‐old infants and their parents: mothers from a demographically heterogeneous sample (N = 164), and mothers and fathers (N = 156) from a Caucasian middle‐class sample. Results suggested that a) individual and dyadic measures, and parents' and infants' behaviors contribute independent information, b) measures of both valence and process are needed, c) there are context‐general and context‐specific qualities, and d) structure of dyadic interaction is more similar among mother–infant dyads from independent samples than between mother–infant and father–infant dyads within the same sample. Future research should use multiple measures incorporating valence, temporal processes, contextual influences, and behaviors of individual partners along with dyadic measures to adequately assess the quality of dyadic interaction.
Biomechanical Comparison of 4.0‐mm Short‐Threaded Cannulated Screws and 4.0‐mm Short‐Threaded Cancellous Screws in a Canine Humeral Condylar Fracture Model
Authors: Rochereau Philippe , Diop Amadou , Maurel Nathalie , Bernarde Antoine 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveTo compare biomechanical properties of a humeral condylar fracture model stabilized either with a 4.0‐mm short‐threaded cancellous screw (CCS) or with a 4.0‐mm short‐threaded cannulated screw (CNS).Study designIn vitrobiomechanical study.Sample PopulationBilateral cadaveric canine humeri (n = 20).MethodsFractures of the lateral portion of the humeral condyle were simulated by standardized osteotomies; 10 condyles were each stabilized withCCSand 10 withCNS. Axial compression load was applied to each specimen until failure and force‐displacement curves generated. Testing data for each construct were determined and compared using either a Student's paired t‐test (quantitative data) or a χ2test (qualitative data) with statistical significance set atP< .05.ResultsYield load (elastic limit), ultimate load at failure, and displacements at loads corresponding to walk and trot were determined from each curve. Mean ±SDultimate load at failure was significantly higher (P= .01) forCCSconstructs (1261 ± 261 N) than forCNSconstructs (1078 ± 231 N). Yield loads were not significantly different (P= .10) between construct types, and exceeded all expected loads supported by the humeral condyle at walk. The risk of having a yield load below the expected physiologic load at trot was not statistically higher with aCNSconstruct compared with aCCSconstruct (P= .26).ConclusionHumeral condylar fracture repaired either by a 4.0‐mm cannulated screw or a 4.0‐mm cancellous screw have comparable stability in this condylar fracture model.
Complications and Owner Assessment of Canine Total Hip Replacement: A Multicenter Internet Based Survey
Authors: Forster Kate E. , Wills Andrew , Torrington Andrew M. , Moores Andy P. , Thomson David , Arthurs Gareth , Brown Gordon , Denny Hamish R. , Scott Harry W. , MacQueen Ian , Dunne James , Onyett Jeremy , Walker John D. , Prior John , Owen Martin R. , Burton Neil , Whitelock Richard , Girling Sarah , Morrison Shane , Gilbert Simon , Langley‐Hobbs Sorrel J. , Gemmill Toby J. , Innes John F. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveTo assess the variables associated with the complications of total hip replacement (THR) and report owner‐assessed outcomes, through surgeon‐based registration of cases via an online database, informed owner consent, and prospective outcomes assessment using a client‐administered clinical metrology instrument.Study DesignProspective case seriesAnimalsDogs (n = 170)MethodsEntries into the British Veterinary Orthopaedic Association‐Canine Hip Registry (BVOA‐CHR) between January 2010 and August 2011 were reviewed. Variables evaluated included dog age, body weight, breed, and indication forTHRand prosthesis. Associations between each variable and the incidence of complications were assessed using logistic regression. Additionally, an on‐line, owner‐administered outcomes assessment questionnaire (modified from the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) questionnaire) was used to collect data from owners.ResultsOne hundred and seventy cases met the inclusion criteria. Surgical indications included hip dysplasia and coxofemoral osteoarthritis (n = 150), Legg‐Calves‐Perthes disease (7), coxofemoral luxation (6), fracture (4), slipped capital physis (2), and femoral head and neck ostectomy revision (1). Surgical implants were from 4 systems. The incidence of surgeon‐reported complication was 9.4%. No significant association was identified between weight, age, sex, breed, indication for THR, surgical technique and prosthesis, and the incidence of complications. In 82% of the cases, owners described their satisfaction with the outcome ofTHRas “very good” and a total of 20% complication rate was reported. There was a statistically significant improvement in owner‐assessed questionnaire score before and afterTHR(P< .001).ConclusionsTheBVOA‐CHRoffers a novel framework for the prospective studies onTHRand on a national/international scale. Initial complication rates from theBVOA‐CHRare similar to previous studies.
Nurse Staffing Levels Make a Difference on Patient Outcomes: A Multisite Study in Chinese Hospitals
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐wen , You Li‐ming , Zheng Jing , Liu Ke , Fang Jin‐bo , Hou Shu‐xiao , Lu Min‐min , Lv Ai‐li , Ma Wei‐guang , Wang Hong‐hong , Wu Zi‐jing , Zhang Li‐feng 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between nurse staffing and patient outcomes in hospitals in mainland China.Methods: The study was conducted in 181 hospitals across all of the eight economic zones in mainland China using a four‐stage sampling design. Two instruments, the China Nurse Survey and the patient satisfaction measurement from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems, were employed in data collection. In this article, 7,802 nurse surveys and 5,430 patient surveys from 600 medical and surgical units were analyzed.Results: The adjusted joint effects of nurse staffing on patient outcomes from logistic regression analyses showed that more nursing staff per patient had statistically significant positive effects on all necessary nursing care, nurses’ reports of quality of care, their confidence on patients’ self‐care ability on discharge from the hospital, patient adverse events, as well as patients’ report of satisfaction. When the nurse‐to‐patient ratio (total number of nurses on all shifts on the unit divided by total number of patients who stay on the unit) increased to the 0.5–<0.6 category, most patient outcomes were significantly improved, considering hospital and patient factors and nurse skill mix in the logistic regression models.Conclusions: The findings provide evidence on how inadequate nurse staffing might result in missed but needed nursing care and negative patient outcomes, while better staffing levels could be an effective strategy for improving patient outcomes.Clinical Relevance: We recommend that the nurse‐to‐patient ratio on medical and surgical units in Chinese hospitals be increased to at least 0.5–0.6 so as to secure patient safety and the quality of health services.Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2011; XX:X, XXX–XXX. ©2011 Sigma Theta Tau International.
Vitamin C in plasma and leucocytes in relation to periodontitis
Authors: Kuzmanova Denica , Jansen Ineke D. C. , Schoenmaker Ton , Nazmi Kamran , Teeuw Wijnand J. , Bizzarro Sergio , Loos Bruno G. , van der Velden Ubele 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimTo test the hypothesis that vitamin C concentrations in plasma, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocytes (PMNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are lower in periodontitis patients compared with healthy controls.MethodsTwenty‐one untreated periodontal patients and 21 healthy controls matched for age, gender, race and smoking habits were selected. Dietary vitamin C intake was assessed by a self‐administered dietary record. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analysed for vitamin C concentrations in plasma, PMNs and PBMCs by means of high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultsPlasma vitamin C was lower in periodontitis patients compared with controls (8.3 and 11.3 mg/l, respectively, p = 0.03). Only in the control group a positive correlation was present between vitamin C intake and plasma values. No differences could be assessed between patients and controls regarding vitamin C dietary intake and levels in PMNs and PBMCs. In the patient group, pocket depth appeared to be negatively associated with the vitamin C concentration in PMNs.ConclusionAlthough the relationship between low plasma vitamin C levels and periodontitis is clear, the disease cannot be explained by insufficient vitamin C storage capacity of leucocytes; the question remains through which mechanism low plasma vitamin C levels are related to periodontitis.
Experimental analysis of risk factors for ulcerative dermatitis in mice
Authors: Neuhaus Brit , Niessen Carien M. , Mesaros Andrea , Withers Dominic J. , Krieg Thomas , Partridge Linda 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUlcerative dermatitis (UD) is a severe inflammatory skin disorder with an unknown aetiology. Recently, insulin receptor substrate 1 KO mice were shown to be fully resistant to UD. In this study, we showed that high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding significantly increased incidence of UD in wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, as did lithium‐mediated inhibition of GSK3‐β, which is a key negative regulator of IRS1. In contrast to WT mice, resistance to UD was fully preserved in HFD‐fed Irs1‐KO mice. Our results identify IRS1 as a key determinant of UD pathogenesis and establish a direct link between diet composition, obesity‐induced inflammation and chronic ulceration.
Association of brook trout andOncorhynchusspp. with large wood jams in a Lake Superior tributary in a northern old‐growth watershed
Authors: Morris Arthur E. L. , Williams Lance R. , Goebel P. Charles , Braig Eugene C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWood in streams functions as fish habitat, but relationships between fish abundance (or size) and large wood in streams are not consistent. One possible reason for variable relationships between fish and wood in streams is that the association of fish with wood habitat may depend on ecological context such as large‐scale geomorphology. We studied the relationship between salmonid assemblages and large wood jams (LWJ) in four settings that differed geomorphically at the scale of the stream corridor along a tributary toLakeSuperior in old‐growth conifer–hardwood forest in northernMichigan. The focal fish species of this study were brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), which were wild in the stream. Relocation efforts for coaster brook trout (an adfluvial life history variant of brook trout) were ongoing in the study stream. We measured fish abundance and length in pairs of pools of similar size and substrate, but varying in the presence ofLWJ; this allowed us to evaluate associations of fish simply with the presence ofLWJrather than with other channel or flow‐shaping functions ofLWJ. The length ofOncorhynchusspp. and young introduced brook trout was not strongly correlated withLWJpresence; however, the presence ofLWJin pools was positively correlated with larger wild brook trout. We also found that the correspondence ofLWJwith the abundance of salmonids appears to be moderated by the presence of alternative habitat in this relatively natural, old‐growth forest stream.
Effect of nicotine on growth and metabolism of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Huang Ruijie , Li Mingyun , Gregory Richard L. 
Published: June 2012

Streptococcus mutans is a key contributor to dental caries. Smokers have a higher number of caries‐affected teeth than do nonsmokers, but the association among tobacco, nicotine, caries, and S. mutans growth has not been investigated in detail. Seven S. mutans strains – UA159, UA130, 10449, A32‐2, NG8, LM7, and OMZ175 – were used in the present study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), planktonic cell growth, biofilm formation, metabolism, and structure (determined using scanning electron microscopy) of the seven strains treated with different concentrations of nicotine (0–32 mg ml−1) were investigated. The MIC, MBC, and MBIC were 16 mg ml−1 (0.1 M), 32 mg ml−1 (0.2 M), and 16 mg ml−1 (0.1 M), respectively, for most of the S. mutans strains. Growth of planktonic S. mutans cells was significantly repressed by 2.0–8.0 mg ml−1 of nicotine. Biofilm formation and metabolic activity of S. mutans was increased in a nicotine‐dependent manner up to 16.0 mg ml−1 of nicotine. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that S. mutans treated with a high concentration of nicotine a had thicker biofilm and more spherical bacterial cells. In summary, nicotine enhances S. mutans biofilm formation and biofilm metabolic activity. These results suggest that smoking can increase the development of caries by fostering increased formation of S. mutans biofilm on tooth surfaces.
Pre‐operative assessment of basal cell carcinoma dimensions using high frequency ultrasonography and its correlation with histopathology
Authors: Nassiri‐Kashani Mansour , Sadr Bardia , Fanian Ferial , Kamyab Kambiz , Noormohammadpour Pedram , Shahshahani Mostafa Mirshams , Zartab Hamed , Naghizadeh Mohammad‐Mehdi , Sarraf‐Yazdy Maryam , Firooz Alireza 
Published: June 2012

IntroductionHigh frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) is a non‐invasive, low risk method which can provide real‐time visual information regarding different processes in cutaneous tissue. The goal of this study is to compare the accuracy of HFUS in determining depth and width of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) lesions compared with histopathology as a reference standard.MethodsThe depth and width of 56 primary BCCs in various locations were measured in vivo using the ultrasound system device Digital Taberna Promedica (Luneburg, FRG DUB 20 Ultrasound Scanner), with a 50‐MHz hand‐held transducer and compared with the depth and width reported in histopathologic examination of these lesions after complete excision. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated using a one‐way ANOVA table to compare measured dimensions for the same tumors with the two diagnostic methods.ResultsThe mean depth of tumor in HFUS (1353.68 ± 656.456 microns) was lower than the amount measured by the dermatopathologist (1560.71 ± 1044.323 microns). However, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The means of largest diameter of tumors in HFUS and pathology were 5996.77 ± 2271.783 and 3891.07 ± 1995.452 microns, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a low correlation in diameter (r = 0.27, P < 0.05) and a moderate correlation in depth (r = 0.45, P < 0.001) of BCCs between these two methods.Conclusion
HFUS may be a useful method to assess the dimensions of BCC prior to surgery.
Analysis of aging effects on chemical property of human hair by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Kyung Sook , Park Hun‐Kuk 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundIn the previous work, we investigated the aging effect on morphology and mechanical property of the hair by using atomic force microscopy.ObjectivesThe effects of aging on chemical properties of human hair were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy.MethodsHealthy hair samples with no diseases were collected from 60 Koreans (30 males and 30 females) and they were grouped by age: 1–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, and 51–60 years.ResultsThe characteristic parameters of FT‐IR absorbance bands including center frequency, half width, height, and area were analyzed using the Gaussian model. To quantitatively analyze the chemical composition of hair, the height and area of all bands in the spectra were normalized to the amide I centered at 1652–1659 and 1654–1658 cm−1, for male and female hairs, respectively. In all male and female hairs, the spectra of specific components of the hair keratin showed to have the same dependence on aging. The center positions of the bands arising from amide A, CH
3 mode, and amide I were altered by aging. The female hair contains more cystein than the male hair. Changes in the amount of amide II and amide A by aging were more significant in male hair than in female hair.ConclusionsThe changes in chemical components of the hair according to the ages were shown at the inflection point at 30 s.