bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt tolerance of Rhizobium species in broth cultures
Authors: Wahab A. M. Abdel , Zahran H. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSalt tolerance of five rhizobia strains was examined in broth cultures. Five levels of NaCl concentration were used and the optical density was taken as a measure for the vigour of bacterial growth.Rhizobium leguminosarum and R. meliloti were tolerant to high levels of salinity and growth curves in saline broth showed a similar pattern to the control level.Rhizobium japonicum, cowpea Rhizobium, and R. trifolii were intolerant to salt and showed a strong growth retardation with increasing salt concentration. Growth was inhibited at high levels of salinity. It is suggested that rhizobia sensitivity to salts may be partly responsible to the inhibition of nitrogen fixation by legumes growing under salt stress.
Regulation der Citrat‐Synthase bei methylotropher und chemoorganoheterotropher Ernährung von Bakterien
Authors: Babel W. , Müller‐Kraft Gabriele 
Published: July 2010

Abstract“Hexulosephosphatweg‐Bakterien” nehmen bei methylotropher Ernährung den Citrat‐Zyklus als bioenergetische Bahn nicht in Anspruch, beim aeroben Wachstum auf Substraten mit C‐C‐Bindungen (Acetat, Glucose) ist dagegen der Citrat‐Zyklus geschlossen. Entsprechend der unterschiedlichen Funktion des Citrat‐Zyklus wird die bei Pseudomonas oleovorans beim Wachstum auf Methanol vorhandene „methylotrophe”︁ Citrat‐Synthase, wie die von chemolithoautotrophen Mikroorganismen mit offenem Citrat‐Zyklus, von NADH (und/oder ATP) nicht kontrolliert. Da mit erweist sich dieses Bakterium inbezug auf die Korrelation zwischen Gram‐Verhalten und regulatorischen Eigenschaften der Citrat‐Synthase als taxonomische Ausnahme. Dagegen wird von P. oleovorans beim Wachstum auf Acetat eine gegenüber Energiemetaboliten empfindliche Citrat‐Synthase gebildet, die alle Eigenschaften zeigt, wie sie für Citrat‐Synthasen von strikt aeroben gram‐negativen Bakterien charakteristisch sind.Fakultativ methylotrophe „Serinweg‐Bakterien”︁ scheinen dagegen auch beim Wachstum auf reduzierten C1‐Verbindungen nur eine –„chemoorganoheterotrophe”︁– Citrat‐Synthase zu besitzen, die durch NADH hemmbar ist. Ihre anabole Funktion bei der methylotrophen Ernährung wird wahrscheinlich über die Effektorkonzentration geregelt.
Vorkommen und Verbreitung Fruchtkörper‐bildender Myxobakterien im Siebengebirge Vergleichende Untersuchungen unter Berücksichtigung charakteristischer Biotope
Authors: Dawid W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the region of the “Siebengebirge” near Bonn, six characteristic biotopes were studied with respect to the occurrence of fruiting body forming myxobacteria. 23 different species, belonging to the 8 known genera, were found. The number of species in the respective biotopes varied between 6 and 17, the average numbers of species per sampling area were between 2.1 and 10.0.15 species were found on dung pellets of wild living herbivorous mammals. Deciduous forest soils contained 13 species in spring, 17 species in autumn. Rock covering contained 14, creek slopes 16, bark of living trees 9, and rotting wood 16 fruiting myxobacterial species. Myxococcus fulvus, Myxococcus coralloides and Archangium gephyra occurred in all biotops studied. The rare species were Melittangium boletus, Polyangium vitellinum, Stigmatella aurantiaca, and Chondromyces apiculatus. The composition of the myxobacterial flora depends on ecological factors (kind of dung pellets, rock, bark, and pH). The ecological influences upon the distribution are discussed.
Steroidtransformation mit immobilisierten Mikroorganismen. I. Transformation von Cholesterin zu Cholestenon in organischen Lösungsmitteln
Authors: Atrat P. , Hüller E. , Hörhold C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe transformation of cholesterol to cholest‐4‐ene‐3‐one has been investigated in the presence of toluene and carbontetrachloride using cells of Nocardia erythropolis (IMET 7185) immobilized by different methods. The adsorption on DEAE‐cellulose has been observed to be the most effective method. The stability of immobilized cells relating to cholesteroloxydase activity, transformation capacity, and the influence of water have been investigated.
Neue Selektionsmethode zur Gewinnung von Leistungsmutanten des Lambdamycin‐Bildners Streptomyces glaucoachromogenes mit Hilfe des thermophilen Phagen‐Wirtssystems Tal/Thermoactinomyces vulgaris
Authors: Fleck W. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn order to obtain high‐producing mutants of the lambdamyein producer Streptomyces glaucoachromogenes IMET 31 118, a new selection technique using the thermophilic phage‐host system Tal/Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, was developed. Lambdamyein is a yellow‐green pigment antibiotic of the chromoglycoside type with antimicrobial, antiviral, cancerostatic, and ergotropic activity in vitro and in vivo. The physicochemical properties of lambdamycin resemble those of chartreusin. By means of the selection technique developed the determination of the concentration‐dependent influence of lambdamycin on bacterial growth inhibition and Tal‐phage development in the agar diffusion sphere of mutagen‐treated colonies is possible without time and material‐consuming pre‐tests. A positive correlation exists between the biosynthetic capacity of mutants on solid media and in fermentation liquors. Using this new selection technique, the titres of lambdamycin in fermentation liquors of mutants could be increased by 10 to 20 fold in comparison to the wild type strain.
Antimitotische Aktivität von Methylbenzimidazol‐2‐ylcarbamat (MBC). I. Licht‐, elektronenmikroskopische und physiologische Untersuchungen an keimenden Konidien von Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Künkel W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the presence of methylbenzimidazol‐2‐yl carbamate (MBC) swelling of conidia of Aspergillus nidulans was not influenced. The total DNA content per nucleus doubled only once, indicating that the first cell cycle was arrested in the G2‐period. Later RNA as well as protein synthesis were inhibited. Nuclear migration into the germ tube and tip growth were delayed.MBC‐treatment induced nuclear enlargement and inhibited the first nuclear division in the germinating conidia. A characteristic nuclear invagination developed within which in most cases the enlarged “single NAO” and more less the formed “double NAO” are localized.On the basis of ultrathin sections a model is suggested in which the typical position of “double NAO” in nuclear invagination is demonstrated. The possible relationship between nuclear invagination and NAO‐formation, as well as its eventual importance are discussed.
Host components required for the replication of the resistance plasmid R124 and a copy mutant derivative
Authors: Pritchard J. J. , Rowbury R. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe replication of R124, and a copy mutant derivative of it, was measured with respect to dependence on the host DnaA, DnaB, DnaC, DnaE, DnaG, and Po1A gene products. Both plasmids replicated under conditions where the DnaA gene product was inactivated or where the polymerising activity of the PolA gene product was reduced. In contrast, neither plasmid replicated to any appreciable extent, if the DnaB, DnaC, DnaE or DnaG gene products were inactivated. R124 integratively suppressed the lesion of the dnaA mutant but the copy mutant derivative had only a very weak suppressing effect. Neither plasmid suppressed the lesions of any of the other dna mutants.
Nalidixic acid inhibition of post‐ultraviolet recovery by nalidixic acid sensitive and resistant strains of Candida albicans
Authors: Sarachek A. , Lee Shwu‐Ching 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNalidixic acid (Nal) can kill Candida albicans directly or suppress the organism's recovery from ultraviolet irradiation. Mutants selected for resistance to inactivation by Nal alone have generally enhanced DNA repair proficiencies evidenced by their coincident increased resistances to ultraviolet radiation, ethylmethane sulfonate, and nitrous acid. The effects of Nal, erythromycin, and inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation on survivals of mutant and wild type strains following ultraviolet exposure indicate that different mechanisms underly the direct lethality of Na1 and its ability to inhibit post‐irradiation recovery.
Anabolic‐catabolic glucose utilization and product formation of Streptomyces griseus
Authors: Bormann E. J. , Christner A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIf in stationary growth phases appearing in the submerged cultivation of Streptomyces griseus several times the consumption rates of glucose and oxygen and the rates of streptomycin formation are put in relation, the following results are obtained: The yield coefficient Y of glucose was below 0.1. Since from the stoichiometric equation of turnover for the biosynthesis of the streptomycin follows that the substrate and the product are in the same weight relation, it was possible to check whether the quantity of glucose that does not appear in the streptomycin is used for the energy supplying synthesis or concervation reactions. As a characteristic value was built up the quotient qo3/qgluc that in total substrate oxidations takes the numerical value 6. This quotient varied between 2.0 and 6.0 so that anabolic side reactions during the production of secondary substances were concluded from. As possibilities are discussed syntheses of analytically disregarded primary metabolites or preliminary steps of the biosynthesis of streptomycin. Due to the decrease of the enthalpy production by anabolic reaction steps in stationary growth phases follows a physiological‐energetical importance of microbial product syntheses with likely evolutive action.
Candida ethanolica n. sp.
Authors: Rybářová Johanna , Štros F. , Kocková‐Kratochvílová Anna 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new yeast, Candida ethanolica, isolated from industrial fodder yeast cultivated on synthetic ethanol as the only source of carbon, originally designated III‐5 and III‐6, is described. This species differs from all recently accepted Candida species in not assimilating nitrate, not producing urease and not fermenting sugars.
Influence of soil on wood‐degradation and fruit body formation by parasites and saprophytes among wood‐destroying basidiomycetous fungi
Authors: Gramss G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFormation of soil mycelium enables the fungal mycelium to amend the nutrient‐deficient wood substrate actively by enclosing macronutrients from soil. Supposition to formation of a soil mycelium proved the resistance of the fungus to competitive substrate microorganisms. This resistance is absent in pathogenic, but wide‐spread in saprophytic wood‐decay fungi. Consequently, production of soil mycelium was restricted to saprophytic fungi. Saprophytes of the white‐rot type are superior to brown‐cubical rot type fungi in forming soil mycelium and utilizing soil nutrients. However, rich soils stimulate a more limited degree of wood degradation and yield increase of basidiocarps in parasitic fungi, too, that fail to produce a soil mycelium. It is concluded that uptake of soil nutrients turns out in two different ways, via an actively absorbing soil mycelium and via passive nutrient diffusion from soil into the substrate wood.
Struktur der Zellwandpolysaccharide in der Futtereiweiß‐Hefe Candida spec. H. I. Struktur des alkalistabilen Mannan‐Proteins
Authors: Grimmecke H. D. , Keuter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe isolated manno‐protein contains about 80% mannose and 10% glucose. Methylation analysis established the highly branched nature of this polysaccharide and the presence of 1,2‐, 1,3‐ and 1,6‐linkages, as well as the linkages of the branchpoints. The research of the acetolysis fragments revealed that the molecule is composed of mannose and mannooligosaccharides with DP2 to DP12. These oligosaccharides are terminated in the nonreducing end by α(1,2)‐ and α(1,3)‐linked mannose residues. The pentasaccharide is terminated only by an α(1,3)‐mannose. Glucose was only found in the monosaccharide fraction corresponding to the nonsubstituted backbone and in the α(1,3)‐disaccharide fraction (reducing and nonreducing end) of the acetolysis. A heptasaccharide fraction corresponding to the N‐glycosidical linkage region between polysaccharide and protein parts of the glycoprotein had been isolated. 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and chemical characterization made it probable that the unit with the first side chain, mannopentaose, is linked by di‐N,N′‐acetylchitobiose or by 4‐0‐β‐D‐glucosyl‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine to the asparagine residue of the protein.
Struktur der Zellwandpolysaccharide in der Futtereiweiß‐Hefe Candida spec. H. II. Charakterisierung der Bindung des Phosphats am Mannan‐Protein‐Phosphat‐Komplex und Identifizierung der als Phosphodiester gebundenen Mono‐ und Oligosaccharide
Authors: Grimmecke H. D. , Reuter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe proteophosphomannan (PPM) obtained by extraction with citrate buffer, purification by the cetavlon method and gelfiltration contains a high proportion of diesterfied phosphate groups between the C‐6 of a side chain mannose and another glycosidically bound carbohydrate. Mild acid hydrolysis cleaved the phosphate diester linkages to yield mono‐ and oligosaccharide fractions. Chemical analysis and 1H‐NMR studies demonstrated the heterogeneity of the oligosaccharide fractions containing α(1,2)‐, α(1,3)‐ and α(1,6)‐linked manno‐oligosaccharides. All repeated PPM preparations contained mono‐, tri‐ and heptasaccharides as the phosphate bound main compounds. Galactose, arabinose, fucose, and rhamnose of the monosaccharide fraction and tetra‐, penta‐ and hexasaccharides were not found in all preparations.
Characterization of a radiation‐resistant Acinetobacter
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Kairiyama E. , Shimadzu M. , Iizuka H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor characterizing the radiation‐resistant Acinetobacter strain FO‐1 reported in the previous paper (1980), we investigated the structure of cell wall, the cellular fatty acid composition, and the detailed taxonomic characteristics. The results denoted that the cell division occurred by simple constriction with the formation of a slight septum and the intermediate dense layer between the outer membrane and the plasma membrane was seen, the main components of the cellular fatty acids were oleic acid, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid, and that the strain was tolerant to salt and could not produce acids from cellobiose, melibiose, lactose, and ribose.
Strukturuntersuchungen an einem Mannan aus Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Erler W. , Feist H. , Flossmann K.‐D. , Jacob B. , Schlegel J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAus verschiedenen Stämmen von P. multocida wurde ein Mannan isoliert, dessen Struktur aufgeklärt wurde. Es ist ein verzweigtes Polysaccharid mit einer Grundkette von 1 6‐α‐glykosidisch gebundener Mannose. An diese Grundkette sind kurze Seitenketten gebunden, in denen Mannose 1 3‐ bzw. 1 29‐glykosidisch verknüpft ist. Die Molekulargewichte liegen zwischen 53000 bis 78000 Dalton. Mit dieser Struktur gleichen die Mannane sehr den Mannanen aus Hefen. Die mögliche biologische Bedeutung wird diskutiert.
Cultural and nutritional studies of zoopathogenic fungi associated with livestock feeds in Nigeria
Authors: Ogundero V. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMycelial growth and nutritional physiology of zoopathogenic Aspergillus fumigatus Fres., Thermoascus aurantiacus Miehe, and Thermomyces lanuginosus Tsik., obtained from livestock feeds and poultry droppings in Nigeria were studied. An optimal pH‐temperature range of 5.5–6.5 and 37°–45°C was recorded for the growth of these fungi. Various sources of carbon supplied in the growth medium, except sorbose and rhamnose, were utilized for growth. Only Aspergillus fumigatus caused considerable weight losses of the filter papers supplied and hydrolyzed the carboxy‐methyl cellulose (CMC) in the medium. The culture filtrates of this fungus contained CM‐cellulases which also hydrolyzed CMC to reducing sugar at 45°C. D‐glucose and L‐asparagine concentrations in the range of 15–20 g/liter and 2.5–5 g/liter, respectively, were best for growth of the test fungi. Various forms of organic and inorganic nitrogen provided were also utilized. The inorganic sources of nitrogen could readily substitute the organic forms at the optimal growth conditions.
Effect of rifampicin on the heterocyst pattern in Anabaena ARM 314
Authors: Grover I. S. , Puri S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlteration in the pattern of heterocysts is observed when suspending ammonia‐grown filaments of Anabaena ARM 314 in a medium devoid of combined nitrogen source but supplemented with rifampicin. Paired as well as strings of 3–9 heterocysts were noticed. The electrophoretic protein pattern of non‐heterocystous, heterocystous and multiple heterocystous filaments revealed that multiple heterocystous filaments are characterized by the presence of two additional protein transients. It is speculated that rifampicin may lead to an alteration in the enzyme system involved in the synthesis of inhibitory substances or, alternatively, to the formation or activation of enzyme systems involved in the sequestering of inhibitory substances.
Effect of growth‐promoting chemicals on growth, nitrogen fixation and heterocyst frequency of a blue‐green alga
Authors: Kapoor K. , Sharma V. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIAAAbbreviations used: IAA, indole‐3‐acetic acid; NAA, α‐naphthalene acetic acid; GA, Gibberellic acid; IPA, 3‐indole propionic acid; IBA, 3‐indole butyric acid; PAA, phenyl acetic acid
was found to stimulate growth, nitrogen fixation and pigment synthesis in Anabaena doliolum in all concentrations tested. Heterocyst frequency was stimulated up to a concentration of 50 ppm IAA. NAA stimulated growth and nitrogen fixation up to 10 ppm. GA promoted growth, pigment synthesis, heterocyst frequency and nitrogen fixation only up to a concentration of 2 ppm. Kinetin promoted growth up to 100 ppm and synthesis of pigments, while nitrogen fixation was stimulated up to 5 ppm.
The induction of cytochrome P‐450 in Lodderomyces elongisporus
Authors: Mauersberger S. , Schunck W.‐H. , Müller H.‐H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the alkane‐utilizing yeast strain Lodderomyces elongisporus cytochrome P‐450 is induced by aliphatic hydrocarbons and to a lesser degree also by some of their derivatives. Cycloheximide and glucose inhibit the induction process, the former by inhibition of cytoplasmic translation, the latter presumably by catabolite repression. Among the nearly 40 checked compounds tetradecane and 1‐tetradecene are the most effective inducers. The branching of the alkyl chain as well as the terminal introduction of electrophilic atoms decrease the induction effect.
Aggregation und Trennbarkeit der Enzyme des Shikimat‐Pathway bei Hefen
Authors: Bode R. , Birnbaum D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGel filtration was employed to estimate the molecular weights and to determine possible physical aggregation of enzymes [5‐dehydroquinate synthase (DHQ synthase), 5‐dehydroquinase (DHQase, EC 4.2.1.10), shikimate: NADP oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.25), shikimate kinase (EC 2.7.1.71), 3‐enolpyruvylshikimate 5‐phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase)] in the shikimate pathway in eleven species of yeasts. The five enzymes were not aggregated in extracts of Hansenula henricii, H. fabianii, H. anomala, Candida utilis, Pichia guilliermondii, and Lodderomyces elongisporus. Two enzymes (DHQase and shikimate:NADP oxidoreductase) were not separable by this method and by ion exchange chromatography, and we conclude that they exist as an aggregate in these yeasts. Evidence is presented for an enzyme aggregate containing five activities, with a molecular weight of approximately 280,000 in Rhodosporidium spaerocarpum, Rh. toruloides, Rhodotorula rubra, Saccharomycopsis lipolytica, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Similarities between the enzymes in the shikimate pathway of plants, bacteria, and other fungi and those of investigated yeasts are discussed.
Interaction of bacteriophage O2 with strains of the genus Oerskovia
Authors: Klein I. , Kittler L. , Kretschmer S. , Süss F. , Taubeneck U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBacteriophage O2 multiplies normally on Oerskovia turbata IMET 47153. It has a burst size of about 100 p.f.u. per infected cell and a latent period of 100 min at 30°C. On Oerskoria xanthineolytica IMET 47383 clear spots were formed after addition of high phage concentrations onto agar top layers. By phase contrast observation, and measurement of the optical density of infected cultures, it was found that the clearing effect on strain IMET 47383 was due to lysis‐from‐without. Phage O2 adsorbs and injects its DNA into cells of strain IMET 47383 but phage multiplication does not occur, and the phage DNA becomes degraded. Inhibition of phage DNA injection by the combined action of xanthotoxin–u.v. irradiation abolishes the clearing activity of phage lysates. Therefore, both adsorption and DNA injection seem to be prerequisites for the release of a lytic activity out of the phage particle, which is responsible for the clearing effect on strain IMET 47383.
Studies on microbial transformations XVIII. Microbiological transformation of l‐α‐santonin
Authors: Iida M. , Hatori Y. , Yamakawa K. , Iizuka H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe microbial transformation of a sesquiterpene lactone, l‐α‐santonin was carried out by Streptomyces roseochromogenes NRRL‐B‐1233. The product obtained from l‐α‐sanatonin was purified using silica gel column chromatography with 1% acetone‐benzene as the eluant. The molecular weight of the product was 248, estimated by mass spectroanalysis. The product was assignad the chemical structure of 1,2‐dihydro‐l‐α‐santonin on the bases of 1H and 13C‐NMR and mass spectro‐analyses. Similar products were also obtained from other actinomycetes. The conversion of l‐α‐santonin to 1,2‐dihydro‐l‐α‐santonin was 28% for Streptomyces roseochromogenes NRRL‐B‐1233, 14% for S. roseochromogenes ATCC 13400, 30.9% for S. aureofaciens KCC‐S‐0008, and 43.0% for S. aureofaciens KCC‐S‐0624, respectively.
Root exudates in relation to growth and nitrogenase activity of Rhizobium japonicum
Authors: Odunfa S. A. , Werner D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRoot exudates of cowpea and soybean were collected in aerated water cultures. The ability of these exudates to support nitrogenase activity of R.japonicum was studied on defined media. When a complete nitrogenase‐inducing medium was supplemented with concentrated root exudate, there was an increased nitrogenase activity. When the cowpea root exudate was substituted for glutamine or sodium succinate in the medium, nitrogenase activity was not detected. Growth was good when the root exudate was substituted for sodium succinate but was poor when the exudate replaced glutamine. There was nitrogenase activity in R. japonicum when the cowpea root exudate was substituted for arabinose in the 20E medium. Gas chromatographic analyses of cowpea root exudates revealed that ribose, arabinose, glucose, and sucrose were the main constituents. The significance of this finding in the asymbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium spp. is discussed.
Verbreitung transferabler Trimethoprimresistenz‐ und Gentamicinresistenzplasmide in Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Tschäpe H. , Bratoeva Momka , Heier H. , Tietze E. , Ziesché K. , Rische H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFollowing the employment of trimethoprim/sulfonamid and gentamicin in the general clinical praxis transferable plasmids with respective resistance functions were identified at first in enteric bacteria from sewage before they could be detected in patient strains. Whereas the trimethoprim resistance plasmids represent different incompatibility groups (C, FII, I5, K, M, N, S, U) the gentamicin resistance plasmids are very similar IncM members of 62 MD in size. Therefore a clonal distribution of a particular gentamicin resistance plasmid has to be taken into consideration.