bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on silicone and poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Li Xinsong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the present work, sequential interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on silicone and poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) were developed with improved protein resistance. The structure and morphology of the IPNs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the IPNs exhibited heterogeneous morphology. The bulk properties such as water content, ion permeability, and mechanical strength of the IPNs were determined by gravimetric method, ionoflux measurement technique, and tensile tester, respectively. The surface characteristics of the IPNs were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements. XPS analysis suggested that PMPC was present on the surface as well as in the bulk material. The IPNs possessed more hydrophilic surface than pristine silicone revealed by contact angle measurements. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein to evaluate protein resistance by a bicinchoninic acid assay method. The result revealed that the protein adsorption on the IPNs was significantly reduced compared to pristine silicone. These results suggest that the IPNs based on silicone and PMPC may be developed as novel ophthalmic biomaterials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on tribological behaviors of short glass fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene reinforced polycarbonate composites via a d‐optimal mixture design
Authors: Yang Yung‐Kuang , Tzeng Chorng‐Jyh , Yang Rong‐Tai , Hsieh Ming‐Hua 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study analyzed variations of tribological behaviors that depend on the injection molding techniques during the blending of short glass fiber (SGF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reinforced polycarbonate (PC) composites. The proposed planning of blending experiments is to use a D‐optimal mixture design (DMD). The tribological behaviors of friction coefficient and wear mass loss were selected for discussion. Nine experimental runs, based on a DMD method, utilized to train the back‐propagation neural network (BPNN) and then the simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) approach is applied to search for an optimal mixture ratio setting. In addition, the result of BPNN integrating SAA was also compared with response surface methodology (RSM) approach. The results of confirmation experiment show that DMD, RSM, and BPNN integrating SAA method are effective tools for the optimization of reinforced process. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the abundant debris are peeled off from the matrix materials and predominant delamination mechanisms and plastic deformation are shown on the worn surface after tribological behavior tests. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of conductive network of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in polycarbonate melt
Authors: Yoon Howon , Okamoto Kenzo , Umishita Kazunori , Yamaguchi Masayuki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe effect of applied thermal history on the rheological properties in a molten state and the electric properties in a solid state is evaluated using mechanically blended samples composed of polycarbonate and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). It is found that MWNTs orient perpendicular to the applied compression direction owing to the squeeze flow at compression molding, which is prominent for the sample compressed at low temperature. The orientation of MWNTs reduces the interparticle contacts between MWNTs and thus decreases the electrical conductivity. Postprocessing annealing procedure at high temperature, however, leads to random orientation due to Brownian motion and then improves the electrical conductivity. The transition from an electrical insulator to a conductor by the redistribution process, which is called dynamic percolation, is well detected by the rheological measurements. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Weight reduction and improved glycaemic control following oestrogen replacement: individualising diabetes care in women
Authors: Dalvi S , Khanolkar M , Biswas M 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPost‐menopausal oestrogen deficiency symptoms may cause mood disturbances and affect compliance, yet clinicians are reluctant to prescribe oestrogen replacement in view of adverse risks.A 51‐year‐old woman was referred with poor glycaemic control. Compliance with diet and medications was poor. Intercurrent problems included depression, dyslipidaemia and severe vasomotor symptoms following hysterectomy one year prior.HbA1c was 12.4%; fasting total cholesterol 5.92mmol/L (NR 2.5–5). The patient was prescribed oestrogen replacement and no adjustments were made to diet or insulin. Over several months, mood and energy improved and weight fell from 110kg to 81kg, HbA1c dropped to 7.6%, cholesterol was 2.56mmol/L and insulin dosage halved.The impact of menopausal symptoms on health and wellbeing is often underestimated. In selected post‐menopausal women with type 2 diabetes, short‐term treatment with hormone replacement therapy may be useful if benefits obtained outweigh potential risks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Long‐term follow up of patients on U‐500 insulin: a case series
Authors: Nayyar V , Jarvis J , Lawrence I , Kong M‐F , Gregory R , Hiles S , Jackson S , McNally P , Davies MJ 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to describe the long‐term effect of U‐500 insulin use on biomedical outcomes in a cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus.We carried out a case record review of 81 patients from a multicultural population who had received U‐500 insulin. We recorded data before the introduction of U‐500 and at data collection (February 2007) including: demographic information, weight, insulin dose, HbA1c, lipid profile and blood pressure.The results showed that the mean duration of treatment was 30±22.6 months (range 1–98). The median insulin dose was 292 vs 320 units/day (range 122–600 vs 120–760 units/day). Mean HbA1c at baseline improved from 10.0±1.8% to 8.7±2.0% (p<0.0001). Patients using U‐500 insulin for a longer period (>36 months) showed a greater reduction in HbA1c (1.8±1.5% vs 0.99±1.8%, p<0.05). An improvement in HbA1c was seen in all ethnic groups. Mean total cholesterol reduced from 4.9±1.4mmol/L to 4.3±1.0mmol/L (p<0.0001) and triglycerides from 4.3±4.5mmol/L to 3.0±3.0mmol/L (p<0.001). Significant weight gain was seen.It was concluded that long‐term glycaemic control improved with the use of U‐500 Human Actrapid in all ethnic groups (p<0.05) at the expense of weight gain.U‐500 Human Actrapid is a valuable treatment option in patients with diabetes and severe insulin resistance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Recurrent diabetic muscle infarction in a female with diabetes secondary to congenital generalised lipodystrophy
Authors: Rathi MS , Mansfield MW 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCongenital generalised Berardinelli‐seip lipodystrophy is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterised by selective absence of adipose tissue. Affected individuals are predisposed to severe insulin resistance and its attendant complications, including diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridaemia, acute pancreatitis and hepatic steatosis. The management of diabetes in these people can be challenging due to severe insulin resistance.A 25‐year‐old female patient, with diabetes secondary to congenital generalised lipodystrophy, presented to the emergency department with a two‐week history of sudden onset, spontaneous left leg pain associated with swelling over the medial aspect of her left thigh. Her diabetes control prior to presentation was unsatisfactory with HbA1c >12%, despite receiving maximum doses of metformin, pioglitazone and 200 units of subcutaneous insulin daily.Based on the clinical presentation, background medical history, examination and MRI findings, a diagnosis of diabetic muscle infarction was made. The patient's symptoms resolved over the next four to six weeks with rest and analgesia. Eleven months later, she represented with diabetic muscle infarction affecting her left quadriceps and, after a further 19 months, she had a third admission to hospital with diabetic muscle infarction but this time affecting her right quadriceps.We describe a rare case of recurrent diabetic muscle infarction. This complication has been previously reported in patients with type 1 diabetes of prolonged duration; however, we are not aware of any report of diabetic muscle infarction occurring in patients with diabetes secondary to congenital generalised lipodystrophy. In the current report, we discuss the pathogenesis, clinical course and management of diabetic muscle infarction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
The nucleation effect of modified carbon black on crystallization of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Su Zhizhong , Li Qiuying , Liu Yongjun , Guo Weihong , Wu Chifei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe nonisothermal crystallization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), PLA/carbon black (CB), and PLA/modified carbon black (MCB) composites were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The rate of crystallization and the spherulitic morphologies of the PLA and PLA/MCB composites during isothermal crystallization were investigated using DSC and observed by means of polarizing optical microscopy (POM), respectively. The results show that either CB or MCB acts as an efficient nucleating agent for PLA. The nucleation activities of CB and MCB were quantitatively determined. It is shown that MCB has higher nucleating activity than CB in PLA. An isoconversional method correlates the temperature dependence of the effective activation energy and was used to evaluate the effective activation energy of PLA and PLA/MCB composites. It is confirmed that MCB advances the nuclei density and promotes the crystallization rate of the PLA matrix significantly. In addition, an interesting phenomenon of the periodic cracks of PLA spherulites observed by using POM is reported. The unbalanced surface stresses arising from growth features and thermal shrinkage may be the two main factors accounting for the formation of target pattern cracks. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1658–1666, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fabrication of surface‐relief gratings on an azobenzene‐containing epoxy‐based polymer film using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Fernández Raquel , Zalakain Iñaki , Ramos José Angel , Galante María J , Oyanguren Patricia A , Mondragon Iñaki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMany studies have been reported on the photo‐fabrication of surface‐relief gratings (SRGs) in azo‐polymer films using the interference of two laser beams of appropriate polarization. However, there are few reports in the literature concerning the electro‐fabrication of SRGs on such types of polymer films. The goal of the work reported was the electro‐patterning of an azobenzene‐containing epoxy thermoplastic film. An epoxy‐based polymer functionalized with an azo‐chromophore was synthesized and characterized using thermal analysis. The reversible optical storage properties and photo‐induced dichroism were studied. SRGs were fabricated on a film of the synthesized azobenzene‐containing polymer using contact mode current‐sensing atomic force microscopy which locally applied an electric field that aligned the azobenzene moieties. The anisotropic mass transport of the azo‐polymer film was observed after applying an electric field. Additionally, the effect of the relief formation in the polymeric film surface was investigated by means of atomic force microscopy and electrostatic force microscopy. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 36)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Emery Keith , Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Warta Wilhelm 
Published: June 2010

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January 2010 are reviewed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different radical initiation techniques of hydrosilylation reactions of multiple bonds in water: dioxygen initiation
Authors: Postigo Al , Nudelman Norma Sbarbati 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe relevance of radical initiation metodologies for the classical hydrosilylation reactions of organic compounds bearing CC multiple bonds is due to the need to come up with newer and more effcient methods to effect this reaction, on account of its applications on surface chemistry. In the past, when organic solvents were employed, thermal and photochemical methods for the chain initiation reaction have been documented (thermal and photochemical decomposition of azo compounds). We herein present the dioxygen‐initiation technique of the classical radical hydrosilylation reaction of CC triple bonds with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane ((Me3Si)3SiH) in water. This initiation technique is confronted with the photochemical radical initiation in the absence of a chemical radical precursor other than the silane and also confronted with the classical thermal initiation triggered by the decomposition of an azo compound, both performed in water. The radical‐based dioxygen initiation methodology studied in water is shown to afford the highest Z:E stereoselective ratios of hydrosilylated alkenes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and mechanism of the pyridinolyses of dimethyl and diethyl chloro(thiono)phosphates in acetonitrile
Authors: Dey Nilay Kumar , Ul Hoque Md. Ehtesham , Kim Chan Kyung , Lee Hai Whang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractKinetic studies for the reactions of dimethyl chlorophosphate (1), dimethyl chlorothionophosphate (2), diethyl chlorophosphate (3), and diethyl chlorothionophosphate (4) with substituted (X) pyridines have been carried out in acetonitrile. The pyridinolyses of the P = O systems (1 and 3) show linear free energy correlations for substituent X variations, while those of the P = S systems (2 and 4) show biphasic concave upward Hammett and Brönsted plots with a break region between 3‐phenyl and 3‐methoxy pyridines. A concerted mechanism with both frontside and backside nucleophilic attack is proposed for the reactions of 1 and 3, but the fraction of a frontside attacks is somewhat larger than that of a backside attack. A concerted mechanism with a dominant backside nucleophilic attack for weakly basic pyridines and a concerted mechanism with a dominant frontside nucleophilic attack for strongly basic pyridines are proposed for the reactions of 2 and 4. The pyridinolysis rate does not depend solely on one major factor. The concave upward free energy relationship can be diagnostic of a change in the direction of the nucleophilic attack. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H NMR study of through‐bond and through‐space effects in the hetero‐association of pyridine with alkane diols
Authors: Lomas John S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe 1H NMR titration method is used to investigate through‐space and through‐bond effects on the association of diols with pyridine in benzene. Alkan‐1,n‐diols (n goes from 2 to 10), DL and meso isomers of butan‐2,3‐, pentan‐2,4‐ and hexan‐2,5‐diols, two adamantane diols and a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane diol are compared with alkanols. The –CH2OH groups of the tri‐ and bicyclic compounds behave as if they were independent, with limiting OH proton shifts (at very low concentration) and both the first and the second association constants similar to those of a primary alcohol. In contrast, the alkane diols, with n = 2–4, display unusually high limiting shifts, ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 ppm (2.1 ppm for one methyl‐substituted diol). For these diols the first dissociation constant and the sum of the OH proton shifts in the 1:1 pyridine: diol complex are enhanced. This may be attributed to small cooperative effects, implying intramolecular hydrogen bonding, for n = 3 and 4, but for n = 2 a through‐bond effect accounts for most of the increase. Substituent interaction falls off sharply for n = 5 and is practically negligible for n = 10, for which the second association constant is close to the first. A sterically hindered BiEDOT diol, 2,2′‐bis{(3,4‐ethylenedioxythienyl)‐5‐[3‐(2,2,4,4‐tetramethylpentan‐3‐ol)]} behaves like the polycyclic compounds, with the two C(t‐Bu)2OH groups independent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma‐Induced Graft Polymerization of Acrylic Acid onto Poly(propylene) Monofilament: Characterization
Authors: Saxena Shalini , Ray Alok R. , Mindemart Jonas , Hilborn Jöns , Gupta Bhuvanesh 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPoly(propylene) (PP) filaments were functionalized by plasma‐grafting of acrylic acid and the characterization of the grafted filaments was carried out using various techniques. XPS analysis showed an increase in the oxygenated content which causes a decrease in the contact angle decreased from 88° for virgin PP to 28° for the filament with the maximum graft level. The storage of the samples leads to the loss in hydrophilicity. The grafts do not lead to any crystalline changes in the filament structure; significant changes however occur on the surface of the filaments as a function of the degree of grafting.magnified image
Short wave diathermy in the symptomatic management of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease pain: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lamina Sikiru , Hanif Shmaila , Gagarawa Yusuf Saidu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to both residue of acute and sub‐acute recurrence of a previous infection or/and as a result of late detection of and intervention for upper tract pelvic infection. Owing to the chronic nature of the disease, which may require large doses of analgesics and/or antibiotics both of which may have side effects on the body, there is a need for a non‐invasive therapeutic and symptomatic chronic pain management. The main purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of short wave diathermy (SWD) in the symptomatic management of chronic PID pain. Method. An independent group; double blind random assignment design was used in data collection. A total of 32 subjects diagnosed as chronic PID patients referred for physiotherapy were randomly assigned to three (SWD, control and analgesic) groups. The SWD group received antibiotics, placebo (sham analgesic) tablets and SWD using the crossfire technique for an average of 15 exposures lasting for 20 minutes on alternate days of the week. Other groups; Analgesic group received antibiotics, Analgesics and sham SWD; while the control group received antibiotics, sham SWD and placebo tablets. The study lasted for a period of 30 days. Result. Findings of the study revealed significant effect of SWD over analgesic and control in pain responses and resolution of inflammation at p < 0.05. Conclusion. It was concluded that SWD may be an effective and non invasive therapy in the management of chronic PID pain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical hardness and ideal tensile strength of bct‐C4
Authors: Xu Yuanhui , Gao Faming , Hao Xianfeng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBased on first‐principles calculations we investigated the structural and electronic properties for a new carbon phase with body‐centered tetragonal structure, bct‐C4. The single‐elastic constants calculations reveal that bct‐C4 is mechanically stable under ambient conditions, being consistent with a previous theoretical study. The predicted bulk and shear moduli are 396 GPa and 423 GPa, respectively. The calculated ideal tensile strengths are 80.3 GPa and 130.4 GPa along the 〈100〉 and 〈001〉 directions, respectively. The theoretical Vickers hardness of bct‐C4 was estimated as 88 GPa, which is comparable to that of diamond. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of increased interrogation zone, reader antenna polarization and application factors in the performance of UHF RFID tag detection on modified atmosphere packaged meat
Authors: Mc Carthy Ultan , Ayalew Gashaw , Butler Francis , McDonnell Kevin , Ward Shane 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe effect of conveyor speed, test sample size, antenna to sample distance, antenna polarization and ideal tag location in relation to the coupling capabilities of ultra‐high frequency radio frequency identification on optimal reader antenna placement were studied. The influence of each individual factor and its interaction was determined using the general linear model analysis of variance. In decreasing order of significance of the variables tested were sample type (F = 4174.40, p < 0.0005), smaller samples preferred for coupling; distance (F = 863.83, p < 0.0005), where distance between sample and antenna should be kept to a minimum; inlay design (F = 167.82, p < 0.0005), where AD‐612 preformed best due to its large antenna area; and reader antenna polarization (F = 149.64, p < 0.0005), where circular polarization preformed better yet comparative advantage decreased with distance. A reader antenna offset of 95 mm, while not significant, (F = 1.73, p = 0.188) tended to decrease coupling capabilities of the system despite increasing the zone of influence. Ideal tag location on sample was found to be on the right, back and front face with y‐orientation proving superior than either x or z. A 190‐mm centre–to‐centre reader antenna offset resulted in a decrease in the average tag detection rate from 62 to 49% highlighting the importance of optimal reader antenna placement which needs to be confirmed if a similar result is to be obtained when a large number of tags are interrogated simultaneously. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model for space–time cluster detection using spatial clusters with flexible temporal risk patterns
Authors: Gangnon Ronald E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMaps of estimated disease rates over multiple time periods are useful tools for gaining etiologic insights regarding potential exposures associated with specific locations and times. In this paper, we describe an extension of the Gangnon–Clayton model for spatial clustering to spatio‐temporal data. As in the purely spatial model, a large set of circular regions of varying radii centered at observed locations are considered as potential clusters, e.g. subregions with a different pattern of risk than the remainder of the study region. Within the spatio‐temporal model, no specific parametric form is imposed on the temporal pattern of risk within each cluster. In addition to the clusters, the proposed model incorporates spatial and spatio‐temporal heterogeneity effects and can readily accommodate regional covariates. Inference is performed in a Bayesian framework using MCMC. Although formal inferences about the number of clusters could be obtained using a reversible jump MCMC algorithm, we use local Bayes factors from models with a fixed, but overly large, number of clusters to draw inferences about both the number and the locations of the clusters. We illustrate the approach with two applications of the model to data on female breast cancer mortality in Japan and evaluate its operating characteristics in a simulation study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.