bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography angiography: improving diagnostic yield and cost effectiveness in the initial evaluation of spontaneous nonsubarachnoid intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Bekelis Kimon , Desai Atman , Zhao Wenyan , Gibson Dan , Gologorsky Daniel , Eskey Clifford , Erkmen Kadir 
Published: August 2012

Object
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is increasingly used as a screening tool in the investigation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, CTA carries additional costs and risks, necessitating its judicious use. The authors hypothesized that subsets of patients with nontraumatic, nonsubarachnoid ICH are unlikely to benefit from CTA as part of the diagnostic workup and that particular patient risk factors may be used to increase the yield of CTA in the detection of vascular sources.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 1376 patients admitted to Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center with ICH over an 8-year period. Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, hemorrhagic conversion of ischemic infarcts, trauma, and known prior malignancy were excluded from the analysis, resulting in 257 patients for final analysis. Records were reviewed for medical risk factors, hemorrhage location, and correlation of CTA findings with final diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the combined effects of baseline variables of interest. Model selection was conducted using the stepwise method with p = 0.10 as the significance level for variable entry and p = 0.05 the significance level for variable retention.

Results
Computed tomography angiography studies detected vascular pathology in 34 patients (13.2%). Patient characteristics that were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of identifying a structural vascular lesion as the source of hemorrhage included patient age younger than 65 years (OR = 16.36, p = 0.0039), female sex (OR = 14.9, p = 0.0126), nonsmokers (OR = 103.8, p = 0.0008), patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (OR = 9.42, p = 0.0379), and patients without hypertension (OR = 515.78, p < 0.0001). Patients who were older than 65 years of age, with a history of hypertension, and hemorrhage located in the cerebellum or basal ganglia were never found to have an identified structural source of hemorrhage on CTA.

Conclusions
Patient characteristics and risk factors are important considerations when ordering diagnostic tests in the workup of nonsubarachnoid, nontraumatic spontaneous ICH. Although CTA is an accurate diagnostic examination, it can usually be omitted in the workup of patients with the described characteristics. The use of this algorithm has the potential to increase the yield, and thus the safety and cost effectiveness, of this diagnostic tool.
Comparison of mini-open anterior corpectomy and posterior total en bloc spondylectomy for solitary metastases of the thoracolumbar spine
Authors: Fang Taolin , Dong Jian , Zhou Xiaogang , McGuire Robert A. , Li Xilei 
Published: August 2012

Object
The object of this study was to compare the mini-open anterior corpectomy procedure with posterior total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) in treating patients with solitary metastases of the thoracolumbar spine.

Methods
From 2004 to 2010, 41 patients with solitary metastases of the thoracolumbar spine were treated in our hospital using either a mini-open anterior corpectomy or posterior TES. Intraoperative and diagnostic data, including perioperative complications, were collected using retrospective chart review. The surgical outcomes were assessed according to survival status, neurological function, local recurrence, and pain before and after surgery.

Results
Seventeen patients underwent posterior TES and 24 underwent mini-open anterior corpectomy. Mean blood loss (TES, 1721 ± 293 ml; mini-open corpectomy, 1058 ± 263 ml; p < 0.05), and mean operative time (TES, 403 ± 55 minutes; mini-open corpectomy, 175 ± 38 minutes; p < 0.05) were recorded and calculated. Neurological improvement by at least 1 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade was noted in 35 (97.2%) of the 36 cases with preoperative deficits. After the operation, 68.4% of nonambulatory patients became ambulatory again, including 84.6% after mini-open corpectomy and 33.3% after posterior TES (p > 0.05). The visual analog scale scores of the patients were significantly reduced after both procedures, with no difference between the procedures (p > 0.05). The local tumor recurrence rate of the TES group was significantly lower than that of the mini-open corpectomy group (p < 0.05), while the postoperative survival rates within 2 years after surgery were similar. The complication rate in the mini-open corpectomy group (29.2%) was higher than that in the TES group (11.8%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.185). There was no hardware failure and no loss of the sagittal Cobb angle in either group. Slight subsidence (< 3 mm) of the mesh cage was observed with a successful fusion in 3 (17.6%) of 17 patients in the TES group. No subsidence of polymethylmethacrylate block/autograft was recorded in the mini-open group.

Conclusions
Mini-open anterior corpectomy can be accomplished with less blood loss, fewer fixation instrumentations, and shorter surgical time than that required for TES, but patients who undergo a mini-open corpectomy might have a greater tendency to experience local recurrence. A mini-open anterior corpectomy has a relatively mild learning curve and involves fewer technical difficulties. With smaller incisions, mini-open anterior corpectomy is an option in treating solitary metastases of the thoracolumbar spine.
Family Complications in Autism Diagnosis
Authors: Mehta Amar 
Published: August 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Understand that engaging parents is an important part of treatment for autistic children.

2.
Know that there is no consensus on which therapy is the most effective, but the benefits of behavioral therapy for autism are well established.

3.
Recognize when to prescribe medications to help manage the more difficult symptoms of autism.

The patient is a 3-year, 9-month-old Hispanic girl brought in for psychiatric evaluation by her mother at the insistence of the child’s pediatrician. She has a 2-year, 6-month-old brother who had recently been diagnosed with multiple developmental delays, and the increased scrutiny on the children in the family had prompted the mother to obtain a regular pediatrician for both children. There had been little contact with the medical community before that time.
Depression in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ozinci Zeynep , Kahn Tara , Antar Laura N. 
Published: August 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Know how to accurately diagnose depression in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when presentation is impeded by overlap in symptoms between depression and ASD.

2.
Understand that signs and symptoms that can be seen in ASD during depression include many of the usual signs of depression, as well as an increase in self-injurious behavior, exacerbated compulsiveness, and increased stereotypic behavior.

3.
Know when to apply pharmacologic treatment for depression in autism and to monitor tolerance of and compliance with treatment.

The patient is a 15-year-old white male who was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at age 7 years. His mother says that although he met his early developmental milestones mostly on time, he did not start speaking until age 3 years and still did not use the words “I” and “me” appropriately. He did not join kindergarten classmates in play, preferring to play by himself with particular toys, specifically those with rolling parts such as trains and cars; his mother was not able to draw his attention to other toys.
Pathogenesis of Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Uihlein Lily Changchien , Liang Marilyn G. , Mulliken John B. 
Published: August 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Review the key features of the life cycle of infantile hemangiomas.

2.
Highlight cellular and molecular pathways involved in hemangioma-genesis.

3.
Discuss theories that may account for hemangioma-genesis.
Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Lauren Christine , Garzon Maria C. 
Published: August 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Recognize infantile hemangiomas that are associated with a higher risk for complications and associated anomalies.

2.
Appreciate the typical timing of growth and involution of infantile hemangiomas.

3.
Become familiar with recently reported treatments for infantile hemangiomas.
Transposition Surgery for Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Nathan Niraj R. , Donahue Sean P. 
Published: August 2012

Purpose:
To report outcomes of an extraocular muscle transposition procedure for surgical correction of internuclear ophthalmoplegia.

Methods:
Records of patients operated on between January 1999 and May 2011 were reviewed to identify patients treated with an extraocular muscle transposition procedure for internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Indications for this procedure included a known unilateral or bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with a large-angle exotropia, a moderate adduction limitation, and a large-angle exodeviation in primary position. All patients underwent orthoptic evaluation preoperatively and postoperatively. Examination included assessment of subjective complaints, visual acuity, deviation in diagnostic positions of gaze, and limitation of ocular motility.

Results:
Five patients were identified. The mean reduction in exodeviation at distance after surgery was 59 ± 25 prism diopters, giving a mean percent reduction in exodeviation of 99.6% ± 0.1%. Four of five patients achieved primary position orthotropia at distance; the remaining patient had 2 prism diopters of exodeviation. One patient who had a residual exodeviation after the initial transposition procedure did not have accompanying ipsilateral lateral rectus recession, but achieved orthotropia with a subsequent ipsilateral lateral rectus recession.

Conclusion:
Transposition surgery is an effective option for surgical treatment of patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia with exodeviation and diplopia when combined with ipsilateral lateral rectus recession.
Tear Osmolarity in Premature Infants
Authors: Ryan Andrea , Lanigan Bernadette , O’Keefe Michael 
Published: August 2012

Purpose:
To measure and report tear osmolarity in premature infants and to assess the change, if any, that occurs with increasing maturity.

Methods:
In a prospective study of consecutive infants born at less than 37 weeks gestational age undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity, serial measurements of tear osmolarity were obtained at preterm, term, and 3 months post-term. Mean ± standard deviation tear osmolarity and percentage of infants with tear osmolarity value greater than 308 and greater than 316 mOsm/L were calculated at each stage of maturity.

Results:

Twenty-five premature infants of mean post-conceptional age 33.5 weeks and mean birth weight 1,159 ± 259 g were tested. Mean tear osmolarity was 296 ± 19.1, 302.8 ± 18, and 301.1 ± 20.9 mOsm/L at pre-term, term, and post-term, respectively. There was no significant effect for time on tear osmolarity values (
P
= .59). Tear osmolarity was greater than 308 mOsm/L in 32% and greater than 316 mOsm/L in 16%.

Conclusion:
Mean tear osmolarity in premature infants is within the expected normal range for adults and shows no significant change at term or post-term. More than two-thirds of premature infants have tear osmolarity values below the suggested diagnostic cut-offs for dry eye disease in adults. Most preterm infants do not have a dry eye based on assessment of tear osmolarity.
Intraoperative Subconjunctival Bevacizumab as an Adjunctive Treatment in Primary Pterygium: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Shahin Maha M. , Elbendary Amal M. , Elwan Mohamed M. 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intraoperative subconjunctival bevacizumab as an adjunctive treatment after surgical excision of primary pterygium.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This was a randomized prospective clinical study. Group 1 (21 eyes) underwent pterygium excision with conjunctivo-limbal autograft. Group 2 (20 eyes) received subconjunctival 1.25 mg/0.05 mL of bevacizumab at the end of the surgery.

RESULTS:

There were no statistically significant differences regarding age, sex, laterality, or dimensions of the pterygia or grafts between the two groups (
P
> .05, 95% confidence interval). After 8 months of follow-up, two eyes in group 1 and four eyes in group 2 had recurrent pterygia. One patient in group 2 had lost graft. The difference in recurrence rate between the two groups did not reach statistical significance (
P
= 0.4, 95% confidence interval).

CONCLUSION:
Intraoperative subconjunctival bevacizumab following primary pterygium surgical excision is not helpful and possibly harmful. Larger studies are needed.
The Association Between Retinal Vessel Morphology and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in an Elderly Population
Authors: Grinton Michael E. , Laude Augustinus , MacGillivray Tom , Henderson Ross , Starr John M. , Deary Ian J. , Aspinall Peter , Dhillon Baljean 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between retinal vessel morphology (branching coefficient, bifurcation angle, and fractal analysis) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in an elderly population.PATIENTS AND METHODS:One hundred and one participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (population of people all born in 1936) were studied. RNFL thickness measurements (using optical coherence tomography [OCT]) and digital retinal photographs were collected. The retinal images were analyzed using custom-designed software called the Vascular Assessment and Measurement Platform for Images of the Retina.RESULTS:Greater deviation from the optimal arteriolar branching coefficient was associated with greater RNFL thickness (r= 0.249,P= .028). There was no significant association between RNFL thickness and the other retinal vessel morphology parameters.CONCLUSION:RNFL thickness increased significantly with suboptimality of arteriole branching coefficient. These findings cannot be explained by our current understanding of OCT. OCT-based biomarker metrics require further study to better define retinal neurovascular imaging and anatomy.
“Father” Africa on a Pedestal? Women’s Men in Mariama Bâ’s Une si longue lettre and Leila Abouzeid’s ‘Ām al-fīl
Authors: Bentahar Ziad 
Published: August 2012

Alors que les auteures de différentes régions d’Afrique revendiquent une place pour leur sexe dans les littératures africaines de la seconde moitié du xxe siècle, l’image de la femme africaine véhiculée par leurs contemporains masculins est biaisée et partiale. De même que les écrits des femmes africaines de cette génération ont complété cette image à travers un point de vue féminin, ils ont également offert de nouvelles perspectives sur les hommes à travers les personnages masculins qu’ils mettaient en fiction. Comment la représentation des hommes par des auteures africaines se mesure-t-elle à la représentation des femmes par leurs homologues masculins ? Pour offrir un début de réponse à cette question, nous comparons deux œuvres narrant la transition du colonialisme français vers l’indépendance nationale dans deux pays africains des deux côtés du Sahara : Une si longue lettre, de la sénégalaise Mariama Bâ, publié en français en 1980 ; et‘Am al-fīl, de la marocaine Leila Abouzeid, publié en arabe en 1983. Les deux auteures ne se sont pas contentées de corriger les images des femmes véhiculées par la littérature africaine, jusque-là dominée par des voix masculines, elles ont également remis en question le stéréotype du mâle patriarcal tout-puissant.
Using ES Cells Labeled with GFP for Analyzing Cell Behavior During Differentiation
Authors: Liu Zhonghua , Vong Queenie P. , Zheng Yixian 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMouse embryonic stem (ES) cell is a unique yet highly successful system to study stem cell maintenance and differentiation. In this protocol, we describe the generation of engineered mouse ES cells that stably express GFP alone or GFP fused with histone H2B, which allow the cells to be traced live or in fixed samples. This system can be used to study cell behavior changes as ES cells differentiate into different lineages. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 22:1D.8.1‐1D.8.9. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Undifferentiated Female Germline Cells from Adult Drosophila Ovaries
Authors: Lim Robyn Su May , Osato Motomi , Kai Toshie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis unit describes a method for isolating undifferentiated, stem cell–like germline cells from adult Drosophila ovaries. Here, we demonstrate that this population of cells can be effectively purified from hand‐dissected ovaries in considerably large quantities. Tumor ovaries with expanded populations of undifferentiated germline cells are first removed from fly abdomens and dissociated into a cell suspension with the aid of protease treatment. The target cells, which express Vasa‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein under the control of the germline‐specific vasa promoter, are specifically selected from the suspension via fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). These protocols can be adapted to isolate other cell types from fly ovaries, such as somatic follicle cells or escort cells, by driving GFP expression in the respective target cells. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 22:2E.3.1‐2E.3.14. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nanoscale Origins of Nonlinear Behavior in Ferroic Thin Films
Authors: Vasudevan Rama K. , Okatan M. Baris , Duan Chen , Ehara Yoshitaka , Funakubo Hiroshi , Kumar Amit , Jesse Stephen , Chen Long‐Qing , Kalinin Sergei V. , Nagarajan Valanoor 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe nonlinear response of a ferroic to an applied field has been studied through the phenomenological Rayleigh Law for over a hundred years. Yet, despite this, the fundamental physical mechanisms at the nanoscale that lead to macroscopic Rayleigh behavior have remained largely elusive, and experimental evidence at small length scales is limited. Here, it is shown using a combination of scanning probe techniques and phase field modeling, that nanoscale piezoelectric response in prototypical Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films appears to follow a distinctly non‐Rayleigh regime. Through statistical analysis, it is found that an averaging of local responses can lead directly to Rayleigh‐like behavior of the strain on a macroscale. Phase‐field modeling confirms the twist of the ferroelastic interface is key in enhancing piezoelectric response. The studies shed light on the nanoscale origins of nonlinear behavior in disordered ferroics.
A Strategy for the Construction of Controlled, Three‐Dimensional, Multilayered, Tissue‐Like Structures
Authors: Gong Peiyuan , Zheng Wenfu , Huang Zhuo , Zhang Wei , Xiao Dan , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDifferentiated cells make up tissues and organs, and communicate within a complex, three dimensional (3D) environment. The spatial arrangement of cellular interactions is difficult to recapitulate in vitro. Here, a simple and rapid method for stepwise formation of 2D multicellular structures through the biotin‐streptavidin (SA) interaction and further construction of controlled, 3D, multilayered, tissue‐like structures by using the stress‐induced rolling membrane (SIRM) technique is reported. The biotinylated cells connect with the SA‐coated adherent cells to form a bilayer. The bilayer of two types of cells on the SIRM is transformed into 3D tubes, in which two types of cells can directly interact and communicate with each other, mimicking the in vivo conditions of tubular structures such as blood vessel. This method has the potential to recapitulate functional tubular structures for tissue engineering.
Supported Faceted Gold Nanoparticles with Tunable Surface Plasmon Resonance for NIR‐SERS
Authors: Bianco Giuseppe V. , Giangregorio Maria M. , Losurdo Maria , Capezzuto Pio , Bruno Giovanni 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA novel dry plasma methodology for fabricating directly stabilized substrate‐supported gold nanoparticle (NP) ensembles for near infrared surface enhanced Raman scattering (NIR SERS) is presented. This maskless stepwise growth exploits Au‐sulfide seeds by plasma sulfidization of gold nuclei to produce highly faceted Au NPs with a multiple plasmon resonance that can be tuned from the visible to the near infrared, down to 1400 nm. The role of Au sulfidization in modifying the dynamics of Au NPs and of the corresponding plasmon resonance is discussed. The tunability of the plasmon resonance in a broad range is shown and the effectiveness as substrates for NIR SERS is demonstrated. The SERS response is investigated by using different laser sources operating both in the visible and in the NIR. SERS mapping of the SERS enhancement factor is carried out in order to evaluate their effectiveness, stability, and reproducibility as NIR SERS substrates, also in comparison with gold NPs fabricated by conventional sputtering and with the state‐of‐the‐art in the current literature.
Thymidylate synthase polymorphisms and risk of conotruncal heart defects
Authors: Zhu Huiping , Yang Wei , Shaw Nathan , Perloff Spencer , Carmichael Suzan L. , Finnell Richard H. , Shaw Gary M. , Lammer Edward J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this study, we investigated whether the two TYMS functional variants (28 bp VNTR and 1494del6) (275 cases and 653 controls) and six selected SNPs (265 case infants, 535 control infants; 169 case mothers and 276 control mothers) were associated with risks of conotruncal heart defects. Further, we evaluated interaction effects between these gene variants and maternal folate intake for risk of CTD. Cases with diagnosis of single gene disorders or chromosomal aneusomies were excluded. Controls were randomly selected from area hospitals in proportion to their contribution to the total population of live‐born infants. DNA samples were collected using buccal brushes or drawn from the repository of newborn screening blood specimens when available. Genetic variants were treated as categorical variables (homozygous referent, heterozygote, homozygous variant). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to estimate risks among all subjects, Hispanic and non‐Hispanic whites, respectively, using logistic regression. Gene–folate interactions were assessed for these variants by adding an interaction term to the logistic model. A dichotomized composite variable, “combined folate intake,” was created by combining maternal peri‐conceptional use of folic acid‐containing vitamin supplements with daily dietary intake of folate. In general, the results do not show strong gene‐only effects on risk of CTD. We did, however, observe a 3.6‐fold increase in CTD risk (95% CI: 1.1–11.9) among infants who were homozygotes for the 6 bp deletion in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) (1694del6) and whose mothers had low folate intake during the peri‐conceptional period. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.