Abstract 2934: Targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase with PCI-32765 blocks growth and survival of multiple myeloma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia via potent inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, cytokines/chemokine secretion, and myeloma stem-like cells in the bone marrow microenvironment
Authors: Tai Yu-Tzu , Chang Betty , Kong Sun-Young , Fulciniti Mariateresa , Yang Guang , Calle Yolanda , Hu Yiguo , Lin Jianhong , Zhao Jian-Jun , Cagnetta Antonia , Cea Michele , Sellitto Michael , Chen Michelle , Carrasco Daniel R. , Elias Laurence , Buggy Joseph , Treon Steven P. , Hunter Zachary , Matsui William , Richardson Paul , Munshi Nikhil C. , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Specific expression of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) in osteoclasts (OC), but not osteoblasts (OB), suggests its role in osteoclastogenesis. Since Btk has not been characterized in multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM), we investigate effects of PCI-32765, an oral, potent, and selective Btk inhibitor with promising clinical activity in B-cell malignancies, on OC differentiation and function within MM bone marrow (BM) milieu, as well as on MM and WM cancer cells. In CD14+ OC precursor cells, PCI-32765 abrogated RANKL/M-CSF-induced Btk activation and downstream PLCγ2, resulting in decreased number of multinucleated OC (&gt;3 nuclei) by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and inhibition of TRAP5b (ED50 = 17 nM), a specific mature OC marker. It induced defective bone resorption activity, as evidenced by diminished pit formation on dentine slices. Lack of effect of Dexamethasone on osteoclastic activity was overcome by combination of Dexamethasone with PCI-32765. PCI-32765 potently downregulates cytokine and chemokine secretion from OC cultures, i.e., MIP1α, MIP1α, IL-8, TGFβ1, RANTES, APRIL, SDF-1, and activin A (ED50 = 0.1-0.48 nM). It significantly decreased IL-6, SDF-1, MIP1α, MIP1α, and M-CSF in 2-week cultures of CD138-negative cells from active MM patients, associated with decreased TRAP staining. In MM and WM cells, immunoblotting analysis showed Btk expression in higher percentage of CD138+ myeloma cells from patients (4 out of 5 samples) than MM cell lines (5 out of 9 cell lines), whereas microarray analysis demonstrated increased expression of Btk and its downstream signaling components in WM cells than in CD19+ normal BM cells (p&lt;0.001). Importantly, PCI-32765 blocked SDF-1-induced adhesion and migration of MM cell lines and patient MM cells via blockade of Btk signaling cascade. Quantigene analysis further showed PCI-32765-inhibited MIP1α mRNA in MM cells and many NF-κB-targeted transcripts in OC-lineages. PCI-32765 mitigated MM cell growth and survival triggered by IL-6 and coculture with BM stromal cells (BMSCs) or OCs. It blocked WM cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, myeloma stem-like cells from MM patients expressed Btk and PCI-32765 (10-100 nM) specifically blocked their abilities to form colonies in methylcellulose (n=5). In contrast, no toxicity was observed in Btk-negative BMSCs and OB. Oral administration of PCI-32765 (12 mg/kg) in mice significantly suppressed MM cell growth (p&lt; 0.03) and MM cell-induced osteolysis on implanted human bone chips in a humanized myeloma (SCID-hu) model. Together, these results strongly support clinical trials of targeting Btk by PCI-32765 in the BM microenvironment to improve patient outcome in MM and WM.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2934. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2934