bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral Water Indices for Assessing Yield in Elite Bread Wheat Genotypes under Well‐Irrigated, Water‐Stressed, and High‐Temperature Conditions
Authors: Gutierrez Mario , Reynolds Matthew P. , Raun William R. , Stone Marvin L. , Klatt Arthur R. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present work was to determine the relationship between spectral reflectance indices (SRI) and yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in NW Mexico in three environments (irrigated, water‐stress, and high‐temperature). The SRI were classified into vegetative indices (three indices) and water indices (five indices). The SRI were determined at booting, heading, and grain‐filling in advanced lines of three trials of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre in Mexico (CIMMYT), Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trial (ESWYT), Semi‐Arid Wheat Yield Trial (SAWYT), and High Temperature Wheat Yield Trial (HTWYT). Two water indices (NWI‐1 and NWI‐3) always provided higher correlations with grain yield when heading and grain filling were combined in SAWYT, ESWYT, and HTWYT. Vegetative indices showed inconsistency in their relationship with grain yield. The water indices gave higher genetic correlations and correlated response with grain yield than the vegetative indices in the three trials in all the environments across years. The relationship between yield and canopy temperature determined at grain filling also showed stronger association with yield. The high‐temperature environment showed the strongest associations between SRI and grain yield. The water indices can be used for breeding purposes for selecting high‐yielding lines in well‐irrigated, water‐stressed, and hot environments, and canopy temperature could complement this selection.
Isoflavonoids — an overview of their biological activities and potential health benefits
Authors: Miadoková Eva 
Published: January 2010

Isoflavonoids — an overview of their biological activities and potential health benefitsThere are many biological activities attributed to isoflavonoids. The majority of them could be beneficial and some of them may be detrimental, depending on specific circumstances. Isoflavonoids play an important role in human nutrition as health promoting natural chemicals. They belong to plant secondary metabolites that mediate diverse biological functions through numerous pathways. They are structurally similar to estrogens, exerting both estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties in various tissues. The results of epidemiologic studies exploring the role of isoflavonoids in human health have been inconclusive. Some studies support the notion of a protective effect of their consumption in immunomodulation, cognition, risk reduction of certain cancers, cardiovascular and skin diseases, osteoporosis and obesity, as well as relief of menopausal symptoms. Other studies failed to demonstrate any effects.
Physical Therapy in the Emergency Department: Development of a Novel Practice Venue
Authors: Fleming-McDonnell Debra , Czuppon Sylvia , Deusinger Susan S. , Deusinger Robert H. 
Published: January 2010

Background and Purpose
The American Physical Therapy Association's Vision 2020 advocates that physical therapists be integral members of health care teams responsible for diagnosing and managing movement and functional disorders. This report details the design and early implementation of a physical therapist service in the emergency department (ED) of a large, urban hospital and presents recommendations for assessing the effectiveness of physical therapists in this setting.

Case Description
Emergency departments serve multiple purposes in the American health care system, including care of patients with non–life-threatening illnesses. Physical therapists have expertise in screening for problems that are not amenable to physical therapy and in addressing a wide range of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain problems. This expertise invites inclusion into the culture of ED practice. This administrative case report describes planning and early implementation of a physical therapist practice in an ED, shares preliminary outcomes, and provides suggestions for expansion and effectiveness testing of practice in this novel venue.

Outcomes
Referrals have increased and length of stay has decreased for patients receiving physical therapy. Preliminary surveys suggest high patient and practitioner satisfaction with physical therapy services. Outpatient physical therapy follow-up options were developed. Educating ED personnel to triage patients who show deficits in pain and functional mobility to physical therapy has challenged the usual culture of ED processes.

Discussion
Practice in the hospital ED enables physical therapists to fully use their knowledge, diagnostic skills, and ability to manage acute pain and musculoskeletal injury. Recommendations for future action are made to encourage more institutions across the country to incorporate physical therapy in EDs to enhance the process and outcome of nonemergent care.
Early Failures in Unicondylar Arthroplasty
Authors: Fehring Thomas K. , Odum Susan M. , Masonis John L. , Springer Bryan D. 
Published: January 2010

Unicondylar arthroplasty has reemerged as an option for isolated compartment knee arthritis. We have noticed an increase in the need for early revision of this construct at our revision center. This study sought to determine if the need for unicondylar revision has increased over time and what factors may have led to early failure.
Revision total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) performed between 1990 and 1999 (period 1) were compared to TKAs performed between 2000 and 2008 (period 2). The prevalence of unicondylar revision, time to failure, and reasons for failure were calculated. Between 1990 and 1999, 425 revision TKAs were performed, 7 of which were uni-revisions (1.6%). These had been in place an average of 169 months (range, 12.9–478.6 months). Between 2000 and 2008, 744 revision TKAs were performed, 43 of which were uni-revisions (5.8%). These had been in place an average of only 36 months (range, 4.2–159.5 months). The dominant reasons for failure in period 1 included poly wear and loosening. Reasons for failure in period 2 were variable but included a number of technical errors.
Early failure of unicondylar arthroplasty appears to be on the rise. Acknowledging that these patients came from an unknown pool, we are concerned that market pressure may have led to inappropriate patient selection and that surgical inexperience with this procedure may have led to the technical problems noted in period 2. Patients should be apprised of the possibility of early revision with this procedure.
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Following Treatment for Retinoblastoma
Authors: Saumya Pal Swakshyar , Gopal Lingam , Khetan Vikas , Nagpal Amit , Sharma Tarun 
Published: January 2010

Purpose:
To elucidate characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that developed in children who underwent treatment for retinoblastoma and to analyze the outcome following vitreoretinal surgery in such clinical settings.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case series of 9 eyes of 9 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery for tumor control and retinal reattachment.

Results:
At the time of diagnosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, retinoblastoma was regressed in 6 eyes (67%). The retinal detachment involved less than two quadrants in 7 eyes (78%) and was caused by an atrophic break in 7 eyes. Seven eyes underwent a non-drainage scleral buckling procedure. Three eyes underwent vitreous surgery; in 2 of these eyes, tumor excision along with retinectomy using melphalan infusion was performed and eventually silicone oil tamponade was used. Retinal reattachment was achieved in all eyes with eventual tumor control in 7 eyes. The median follow-up after retinal reattachment surgery was 24 months.

Conclusion:
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in treated eyes with retinoblastoma is usually caused by an atrophic retinal break. Retinal detachment can be repaired successfully in most eyes.
A cellular level approach to predicting resting energy expenditure: Evaluation of applicability in adolescents
Authors: Wang ZiMian , Heymsfield Steven B. , Ying Zhiliang , Pierson Richard N. , Gallagher Dympna , Gidwani Sonia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe previously derived a cellular level approach for a whole‐body resting energy expenditure (REE) prediction model by using organ and tissue mass measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with their individual cellularity and assumed stable‐specific resting metabolic rates. Although this approach predicts REE well in both young and elderly adults, there were no studies in adolescents that specifically evaluated REE in relation to organ–tissue mass. It is unclear whether the approach can be applied to rapidly growing adolescents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of the previous developed REE prediction model in adolescents, and to compare its applicability in young and elderly adults. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that measured REE can be predicted from a combination of individual organ and tissue mass and their related cellularity. This was a 2‐year longitudinal investigation. Twenty healthy male subjects with a mean age of 14.7 years had REE, organ and tissue mass, body cell mass, and fat‐free mass (FFM) measured by indirect calorimetry, whole‐body MRI, whole‐body 40K counting and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, respectively. The predicted REE (REEp; mean ± SD, 1,487 ± 238 kcal/day) was correlated with the measured REE (REEm, 1,606 ± 237 kcal/day, r = 0.76, P < 0.001). The mean difference (118 ± 165 kcal/day) between REEm and REEp was significant (P = 0.0047), accounting for 7.3% of REEm for the entire group. The present study, the first of its type in adolescents, does not support the applicability of the organ–tissue‐based REE prediction model during rapid adolescent growth. A modified general REE prediction model is thus suggested which may account for the higher REE/FFM ratio observed in adolescents. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of surface morphology of the kraft pulp fibers on the growth of the transcrystalline layer of polypropylene
Authors: Lee Byung G. , Lee Sangyeob , Via Brian K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the wood fiber surface on the crystallization behavior of thermoplastic polymers. Unbleached and bleached kraft pulp fibers were used for this study with 100% polypropylene (PP), 95% PP/5% maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP), and 100% MAPP at 150°C. Nuclei were induced at the ends of the fibers and on damaged surfaces while poor crystallization behavior was observed on the fiber surfaces using 100% PP. Enhanced MAPP induced transcrystallization on the wood fiber surfaces; the nucleation density also increased with the addition of MAPP. Oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratios of smooth surfaces, damaged surfaces, and the ends of wood fibers also indicated that the oxidation process of both wood fiber and thermoplastic polymer affected the crystallization process without MAPP addition. It was observed that the MAPP played a role in increasing numbers of nuclei on the linear fiber surface to induce transcrystallization. Dynamic mechanical properties increased 52% with 100% MAPP compared to the use of 100% PP. Therefore, the increased thickness of transcrystalline layer and nucleation density on the surface of wood fiber positively correlated with the dynamic mechanical properties of wood fiber‐plastic composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Novel thermo‐responsive semi‐interpenetrating network microspheres of gellan gum‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) for controlled release of atenolol
Authors: Mundargi Raghavendra C. , Shelke Namdev B. , Babu V. Ramesh , Patel Pradip , Rangaswamy Vidhya , Aminabhavi Tejraj M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThermoresponsive microspheres of gellan gum‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), i.e., GG‐P(NIPAAm) semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) have been prepared by ionic crosslinking and used to study the controlled release (CR) of atenolol (ATL), an antihypertensive drug. Interaction of the drug with polymers was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to confirm the polymorphism and molecular level dispersion of ATL. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated spherical nature and smooth surfaces of the microspheres with some debris attached on their surfaces. Mean particle size measured by laser light diffraction ranged between 34 and 76 μm. Equilibrium swelling performed at 25°C and 37°C in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer exhibited thermoresponsive nature of the polymers. In vitro drug release performed at 25°C and 37°C indicated temperature‐dependency of ATL release, which was extended up to 12 h. In vitro release profiles at both the temperatures confirmed thermoresponsive nature of the polymers giving pulsatile trends. The % cumulative release data have been fitted to an empirical equation to estimate transport parameters and to understand the nature of drug release. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation of new water‐soluble chitosan containing hyperbranched‐vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt and their antimicrobial activities and chelation with metals
Authors: Chanthateyanonth Ratana , Ruchirawat Somsak , Srisitthiratkul Chutima 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this work, an efficient and simple method to graft a vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt on a poorly water‐soluble chitosan is described. Commercially available low molecular weight chitosan is converted to water‐soluble chitosan containing hyperbranched‐vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt groups. The process comprises the following steps: Michael addition of methyl acrylate, amidation with ethylenediamine, and Michael addition of vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt. A variety of chitosans containing vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt, with improved water solubility, is synthesized by repeating these three steps. The new chitosan derivatives show better antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 and Achromobacter xylosoxidans ATCC 2706. In addition, they display better chelating behavior with heavy metals, like cadmium(II), copper(II), and nickel(II), than the starting chitosan. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effects of organo‐clay modifier on physical–mechanical properties of butyl‐based rubber nano‐composites
Authors: Samadi Ali , Razzaghi Kashani Mehdi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBladders are important rubber parts used for shaping and curing of tires. These parts are exposed to high temperature, high pressure, medium‐large extension, and oxidative aging during their service life. Curing bladders are usually made of butyl‐based rubber compounds vulcanized with phenolic resin vulcanization systems. To study the effect of Montmorillonite nano‐clay on properties of these rubber parts and their functionality during service, the most compatible and well dispersed organically modified Montmorillonite (OMMT) nano‐clay has to be selected. To study the effects of organic modifier on properties of these compounds, five types of commercial OMMT were mixed with the compounds using the melt intercalation method. Effect of modifiers on compatibility between clay and rubber, dispersion of clay in the polymer matrix, and thus mechanical properties of the nano‐composite were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), mechanical tension, and dynamic‐mechnical‐thermal analysis (DMTA). XRD results revealed an intercalated structure for all OMMTs, but with different degrees of rubber intercalation. The largest change in interlayer spacing of silicate layers due to intercalation of rubber was seen for an OMMT modified by dimethyl‐benzyl‐hydrogenated tallow, quaternary ammonium. AFM and SEM micrographs of the latter compound confirmed the intercalated structure with a good distribution of filler. Viscoelastic properties obtained from DMTA confirmed more compatibility between butyl‐based rubber compound and this OMMT. This modified clay was selected as the filler of choice for potential application in actual bladder compound. Uni‐axial tension tests could also differentiate among nano‐composites reinforced with differently modified clays. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Electrospun ultrathin nylon fibers for protective applications
Authors: Vitchuli Narendiran , Shi Quan , Nowak Joshua , McCord Marian , Bourham Mohamed , Zhang Xiangwu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractElectrospun nylon 6 fiber mats were deposited on woven 50/50 nylon/cotton fabric with the motive of making them into protective material against submicron‐level aerosol chemical and biological threats. Polymer solution concentration, electrospinning voltage, and deposition areal densities were varied to establish the relationships of processing‐structure‐filtration efficiency of electrospun fiber mats. A high barrier efficiency of greater than 99.5% was achieved on electrospun fiber mats without sacrificing air permeability and pressure drop. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Apolipoprotein E–deficient mice are resistant to the development of collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Asquith Darren L. , Miller Ashley M. , Hueber Axel J. , Liew Foo Y. , Sattar Naveed , McInnes Iain B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether elevated serum lipid levels resulting from feeding animals a high‐fat diet can affect the inflammatory process in C57BL/6 (B6) wild‐type (WT) and B6 ApoE−/− mouse models of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA).MethodsMale B6 WT or ApoE−/− mice were fed either a normal chow diet or a high‐fat diet. CIA was induced in mice at 12 weeks of age using type II chicken collagen, Freund's complete adjuvant, and, on occasion, a lipopolysaccharide boost. Expression levels of autoantibodies and cytokines were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex assay, respectively.ResultsWhereas B6 WT mice developed severe articular inflammation after collagen immunization, ApoE−/− mice developed no clinical or histologic evidence of disease regardless of whether they had been fed a high‐fat diet or a normal chow diet. The fact that arthritis was not present in ApoE−/− mice did not result from inadequate production of serum IgG2a collagen antibodies, since levels observed in ApoE−/− mice were similar to those observed in arthritic B6 WT control mice. Critically, development of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice was not affected by the CIA protocol.ConclusionOur findings suggest that ApoE−/− mice are resistant to the development of CIA. Intriguingly, induction of host autoimmunity in the absence of articular inflammation had no effect on atherosclerosis progression, suggesting that articular inflammatory load may be a critical risk factor in vascular pathology.
Enhanced Th1 and Th17 responses and arthritis severity in mice with a deficiency of myeloid cell–specific interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist
Authors: Lamacchia Céline , Palmer Gaby , Seemayer Christian A. , Talabot‐Ayer Dominique , Gabay Cem 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe balance between interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and its specific inhibitor, the IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra), plays a major role in the development of arthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of IL‐1Ra produced specifically by myeloid cells in the control of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) by using myeloid cell–specific IL‐1Ra–deficient mice (IL‐1RaΔM).MethodsIL‐1RaΔM mice were generated by using the loxP/Cre recombinase system. CIA was induced in IL‐1RaΔM mice and littermate control mice by a single immunization with bovine type II collagen (CII) in Freund's complete adjuvant. Arthritis severity was assessed by clinical and histologic scoring. Draining lymph node (DLN) cell responses were examined ex vivo, and ankle extracts were used in the quantification of cytokines and chemokines.ResultsClinical and histopathologic evaluations revealed an early disease onset and a severe form of CIA in IL‐1RaΔM mice. This was characterized by increased production of interferon‐γ (IFNγ) and IL‐17 by CII‐stimulated DLN cells. We also observed that the CII‐specific CD4+ T cell response shifted in vivo, from a dominant Th1 response early in the course of the arthritis to the presence of both Th1 and Th17 cytokines later in the disease course. Interestingly, IL‐1Ra levels were higher in the arthritic joints of IL‐1RaΔM mice as compared with the controls, indicating that nonmyeloid cells strongly contribute to the local production of IL‐1Ra. However, this enhanced IL‐1Ra production was not sufficient to limit joint inflammation and tissue damage.ConclusionOur results suggest that myeloid cell–derived IL‐1Ra plays a critical role in the control of the development and the severity of CIA by modulating Th1 and Th17 responses in lymphoid organs.
Activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase by adiponectin rescues salivary gland epithelial cells from spontaneous and interferon‐γ–induced apoptosis
Authors: Katsiougiannis Stergios , Tenta Roxane , Skopouli Fotini N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectivePrimary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates associated with destruction of salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) induced mainly by apoptosis. Adiponectin is an immunoregulatory hormone. We have previously shown that SGECs from patients with primary SS as well as from controls differentially express adiponectin. SGECs derived from patients with primary SS constitutively produce and secrete adiponectin in higher quantities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adiponectin on the proliferation and apoptosis of SGECs.MethodsCultured, non‐neoplastic SGECs were treated with recombinant human adiponectin, and the rate of cell proliferation was assessed. Spontaneous and interferon‐γ (IFNγ)–induced apoptosis was evaluated with a specific single‐stranded DNA enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C was used to test the involvement of AMPK in adiponectin effects. Western blotting was applied to detect the phosphorylation levels of AMPK after adiponectin treatment.ResultsAdiponectin treatment resulted in a dose‐dependent suppression of proliferation of SGECs from patients with primary SS and control donors. Adiponectin protected cells from spontaneous as well as from IFNγ‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the antiapoptotic effects of adiponectin were dependent upon AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172, since pretreatment of SGECs with Compound C abolished the adiponectin protective effect.ConclusionAdiponectin exerted antiproliferative effects on SGECs without inducing apoptosis and protected SGECs from spontaneous as well as from IFNγ‐induced apoptosis through an AMPK‐dependent pathway. Our observations suggest that adiponectin may protect SGECs in this specific inflammatory milieu, providing a potential pathway through which AMPK may regulate cell survival under energy stress conditions such as autoimmune inflammation.