bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction With and Adherence to Off-Label Corticosteroids in Adolescents and Adults With Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Gold Benjamin D. , Goodwin Bridgett , Davis Kimberly , Sweeney Carolyn , Ziemiecki Ryan , Jiang Jeanne , Fan Tao , Boules Mena , Chen Szu-Ta , Katzka David A. 
Published: May 2024

Goals:
We assessed satisfaction with and adherence to off-label corticosteroids in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in the United States.

Background:
EoE is a chronic inflammatory disease for which there are currently no US Food and Drug Administration-approved swallowed topical corticosteroids.

Study:
This noninterventional, cross-sectional, web-based survey included caregivers of adolescents (aged 11 to 17 y) and adults (aged 18 years or older) with a self-reported [or caregiver-reported (adolescents)] physician diagnosis of EoE who were receiving corticosteroids. Participants were recruited through 2 nonprofit, patient advocacy groups. The 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) was used to assess satisfaction across effectiveness, convenience, and global satisfaction domains (scale: 1 to 100 per domain); higher scores indicated greater satisfaction. The 4-item Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale (MGL-4) was used to assess adherence; an MGL-4 score of <3 indicated adherence. Participants also reported reasons for nonadherence.

Results:
Overall, 201 participants (caregivers of adolescents, n=98; adults, n=103) were included in this study. Mean TSQM-9 scores indicated low satisfaction with off-label corticosteroids across all 3 satisfaction domains in adolescents (≤61.1) and adults (≤55.7). Slightly fewer adolescents (37.1%) than adults (40.8%) were considered adherent. Forgetfulness was the most frequently reported reason for nonadherence; some patients chose not to take their medications, owing to poor palatability (adolescents), difficulty taking medications at specific times (adults), or feeling depressed/overwhelmed (adolescents and adults).

Conclusions:
Satisfaction with and adherence to off-label corticosteroids were low in this web-based survey of adolescents and adults with EoE in the United States.
Impact of sleep and mental health in adolescence: an overview
Authors: Woodfield Michelle , Butler Nanci Ginty , Tsappis Michael 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Sleep deprivation is known to affect multiple aspects of mental health, physical health, and daily functioning. With increasing reports of sleep disturbances and increasing mental health needs in adolescents, it is imperative that healthcare providers have a strong understanding of the relationship between sleep and mental health, the impact of poor sleep on the school experience, and an understanding of behavioral interventions targeting sleep practices.

Recent findings
Recent studies have shown that the relationship between sleep and mental health is complex and multifaceted. While mental health diagnoses and symptoms can negatively influence sleep quality and quantity, so too does poor sleep increase the risk of mental health diagnoses, symptom severity, and suicide risk. Sleep likewise affects the school experience, both positively and negatively. Targeted interventions and prevention programs may be effective in treatment of sleep disturbances for adolescents.

Summary
Clinicians must be aware of the above associations and their clinical implications. Patients with either mental health or sleep concerns should be screened for potential co-morbid conditions. Improving sleep hygiene practices can improve the sleep experience in adolescents, however, there remains a gap in understanding the best method to improve sleep hygiene practices in this population.
Linear growth in children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Savage Martin O. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a relatively common disorder and one of the most challenging conditions seen by pediatric endocrinologists. Poor linear growth in CAH has been recognized for many years. There are new insights to explain this abnormality and shed light on strategies to promote normal growth.

Recent findings
Published data suggest that the dose of hydrocortisone during two critical periods of rapid growth, namely infancy and at puberty, has a fundamental effect on growth velocity, and by definition adult height. To prevent over-treatment, hydrocortisone dosage should remain within the range of 10–15 mg/m2 body surface area per day. Precursor steroids such as 17-hydroxy progesterone (17OHP) should not be suppressed to undetectable levels. In fact, 17OHP should always be measurable, as complete suppression suggests over-treatment.

Summary
CAH is a challenging disorder. High-quality compliance within the consultation setting, with the patient seeing the same specialist at every visit, will be rewarded by improved long-term growth potential. Quality auxological monitoring can avoid phases of growth suppression. New therapy with CRH receptor antagonists may lead to a more nuanced approach by allowing fine tuning of hydrocortisone replacement without the need to suppress ACTH secretion.
The Relationship Between Digital Game Addiction and Levels of Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents Receiving Cancer Treatment
Authors: Sarvan Sureyya , Bekar Pinar , Erkul Munevver , Efe Emine 
Published: May 2024

Background
Adolescents diagnosed with cancer are vulnerable to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress.

Objective
To examine the relationship between digital game addiction and levels of anxiety and depression in adolescents receiving cancer treatment.

Methods
This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with 120 adolescents aged 12-17 years who were receiving cancer treatment. Data were collected using the Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS-7) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were analyzed using independent-samples t test, 1-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and simple linear regression.

Results
The mean age of the adolescents participating in the study was 15.21 ± 1.64 years. The mean DGAS-7 score was 15.19 ± 5.58, whereas the mean HADS Anxiety subscale score was 8.54 ± 4.33, and the mean HADS Depression subscale score was 7.72 ± 3.96. A positive, statistically significant relationship was found between the DGAS-7 mean score and the HADS Anxiety and Depression subscale mean scores (P < .001).

Conclusions
As the addiction levels increased in adolescents diagnosed with cancer, their anxiety and depression levels also increased.

Implications for Practice
Health professionals should be mindful that in adolescents diagnosed and treated for cancer, digital game addiction and levels of anxiety and depression may mutually reinforce each other.
Identification of causative fungus from sterile abscess using metagenomics followed by in situ hybridization
Authors: Oki Hiroya , Niwa Ryotaro , Pranee Somboonthum , Motooka Daisuke , Onda Yoshiyuki , Nakata Jun , Nakajima Hiroko , Oka Yoshihiro , Sugiyama Haruo , Yoshii Yuka , Anzai Naoyuki , Nakamura Shota , Iida Tetsuya 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Invasive fungal infections require early diagnosis for treatment. Microscopic observation of biopsy and blood culture are the gold standard for identification of the causative fungus, but it is difficult to identify the causative pathogen by a sterile abscess biopsy.
Case Presentation: We present a case report of breakthrough invasive trichosporonosis in a 65-year-old Japanese male with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving antifungal prophylaxis. Blood cultures showed no fungal growth, and a liver biopsy and a removed spleen with abscess showed fragmented fungi, but no fungal identification was possible. This report demonstrates that retrospective analyses were able to identify the causative fungus.
Conclusion: We narrowed down the candidate fungi by deep sequencing of the ITS1 region of fungal genome and confirmed that the fungus observed in the specimen was T. asahii by in situ hybridization using a DNA probe targeting 26S rRNA.
Evaluation of Susceptibility Status of Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates to Generations of Cephalosporins Sold in Kano
Authors: Ibrahim Safiyya Atiku , Muhammad Bashir , Rabiu Ismail , Muhammed Abdulazeez 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The circulation of substandard antibiotics is believed to aggravate the evil effect of Antibiotic resistance (AR) globally. AR knows no boundaries and pose a serious threat to existing antibiotics Gap statement: Sabon Gari market is chosen due to reports of substandard antibiotics. It's a major distribution centre for pharmaceuticals, yet research on its impact and extent of substandard drugs is lacking. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility status of some clinical Bacterial isolates (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella sp.) to generations of Cephalosporins purchased from drug distributors in Sabon Gari Market Kano. Methodology: Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the test isolates was determined by disc diffusion method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis was used to confirm the functional group of the active ingredients of all the antibiotics tested. Molecular identification of resistant gene (CTX-M1) were carried out using PCR. Results: Market survey reveals that Cephalexin 61% (first generation), Cefuroxime 72% (Second generation) and Cefexime 68%, Cefpodoxime 79%, Ceftriazone 63%, Ceftazidime 70% and Cefotaxime 45% (third generation) and Cefepime 84% (fourth generation) were the most commonly sold Cephalosporins, with different brands and company names. In all the antibiotics tested, similar activity was observed in the branded antibiotics as compared with the standard antibiotics, with no significant difference observed. Exactly 20% of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were resistant while 80% of S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella sp. were susceptible. CTX-M1 resistant gene was identified E. coli and K. pneumoniae which further confirms their resistance to Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone antibiotics. Conclusion: Branded cephalosporins sold in Kano were effective as standard antibiotics with good bioavailability and compliance with the standards formulation of medicine, thus fit for human intake.
Duration of Morning Hyperinsulinemia Determines Hepatic Glucose Uptake and Glycogen Storage Later in the Day
Authors: Waterman Hannah L. , Moore Mary Courtney , Smith Marta S. , Farmer Ben , Scott Melanie , Edgerton Dale S. , Cherrington Alan D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe second meal phenomenon refers to the improvement in glucose tolerance seen following a second identical meal. We previously showed that 4 hours of morning hyperinsulinemia, but not hyperglycemia, enhanced hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) and glycogen storage during an afternoon hyperinsulinemic-hyperglycemic (HIHG) clamp. Our current aim was to determine if the duration or pattern of morning hyperinsulinemia is important for the afternoon response to a HIHG clamp. To determine this, we administered the same total amount of insulin either over 2h in the first (Ins2h-A) or second (Ins2h-B) half of the morning, or over the entire 4h (Ins4h) of the morning. In the 4h afternoon period, all three groups had 4x-basal insulin, 2x-basal glycemia, and portal glucose infusion to expose the liver to the primary postprandial regulators of hepatic glucose metabolism. During the afternoon clamp, there was a marked increase in HGU and hepatic glycogen synthesis in the Ins4h group compared to the Ins2h-A and Ins2h-B groups, despite matched hepatic glucose loads and total insulin infusion rates. Thus, the longer duration (Ins4h) of lower hyperinsulinemia in the morning seems to be the key to much greater liver glucose uptake during the afternoon clamp.New and noteworthyMorning insulin exposure primes the liver for increased hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen storage during a subsequent hyperinsulinemic-hyperglycemic clamp. This study addressed whether the pattern and/or duration of insulin delivery in the morning influences insulin’s ensuing priming effect. We found that despite receiving equal total doses of insulin in the morning, a prolonged, lower rate of morning insulin delivery improved afternoon liver glucose metabolism more effectively than a shorter, higher rate of delivery.
Red harvester ant nests impact soil compaction but not temperature in peri-urban habitats of the Lower Rio Grande Valley
Authors: Hernandez Geovanni , Penn Hannah J. , Cano Richard , Elliott-Vidaurri Lilly V. , Choudhury Robin A. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTAnts are vital ecosystem engineers that can influence soil properties, subsequent soil processes, and associated biota via underground nest construction. Harvester ants consume seeds and are often found in arid areas, frequently altering soil chemistry and bulk density of the soils in and around their nest sites. Many species of harvester ants also intentionally remove vegetation around nest openings, creating cones or discs of bare soil that may further alter soil temperatures. However, much of the work investigating the impacts of harvester ants on soil properties has occurred in shrubland and grassland settings rather than suburban environments. We aimed to determine ifPogonomyrmex barbatus(Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nests in a suburban habitat in the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas similarly altered soil properties. First, we measured active nest disc size to determine changes and colony persistence. Then we assessed soil compaction and surface temperature along a gradient centered on the disc. We found that disc size did not increase throughout the two-year observation period and that nests with smaller discs were less likely to persist between years. While we did not observe any changes in surface temperature across the gradient, we found a significant increase in soil compaction with greater distance from the center of the disc. These data indicate that increased nest size increases the extent of soil impacted. The impacts of nests reducing soil compaction, particularly within a suburban landscape with precipitation run-off issues and a highly disturbed plant community should be addressed in future studies.
Oligosaccharyltransferase is involved in targeting to ER-associated degradation
Authors: Shenkman Marina , Ogen-Shtern Navit , Patel Chaitanya , Groisman Bella , Pasmanik-Chor Metsada , Schermann Sonya M. , Körner Roman , Lederkremer Gerardo Z. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMost membrane and secretory proteins undergo N-glycosylation, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), a membrane-bound complex in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Proteins failing quality control are degraded via ER-associated degradation (ERAD), involving retrotranslocation to cytosolic proteasomes. Using SILAC proteomics, we identified OST subunits as key interactors with a misfolded ER protein bait, suggesting unexpected involvement in ERAD. Previous reports implied additional roles for OST subunits beyond N-glycosylation, such as quality control by ribophorin I. We tested OST engagement in glycoprotein and non-glycosylated protein ERAD; overexpression or partial knockdown of OST subunits interfered with ERAD in conditions that did not affect glycosylation. Effects were studied on misfolded membrane proteins, BACE476 and asialoglycoprotein receptor H2a, and the luminal α1-antitrypsin NHK variant. OST appears to participate in late ERAD stages, interacting with the E3 ligase HRD1 and facilitating retrotranslocation. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest membrane thinning by OST transmembrane domains, possibly assisting retrotranslocation via membrane distortion.
Variant effect predictor correlation with functional assays is reflective of clinical classification performance
Authors: Livesey Benjamin J. , Marsh Joseph A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the relationship between protein sequence and function is crucial for accurate genetic variant classification. Variant effect predictors (VEPs) play a vital role in deciphering this complex relationship, yet evaluating their performance remains challenging for several reasons including data circularity, where the same or related data is used for training and assessment. High-throughput experimental strategies like deep mutational scanning (DMS) offer a promising solution.ResultsIn this study, we extend upon our previous benchmarking approach, assessing the performance of 97 different VEPs using DMS experiments from 36 different human proteins. In addition, a new pairwise, VEP-centric ranking method reduces the impact of missing predictions on the overall ranking. We observe a remarkably high correspondence between VEP performance in DMS-based benchmarks and clinical variant classification, especially for predictors that have not been directly trained on human clinical variants.ConclusionsOur results suggest that comparing VEP performance against diverse functional assays represents a reliable strategy for assessing their relative performance in clinical variant classification. However, major challenges in clinical interpretation of VEP scores persist, highlighting the need for further research to fully leverage computational predictors for genetic diagnosis. We also address practical considerations for end users in terms of choice of methodology.
Machine Learning Approaches for Skin Neoplasm Diagnosis
Authors: Asaduzzaman Abu , Thompson Christian C. , Uddin Md J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractApproaches for skin neoplasm diagnosis include physical exam, skin biopsy, lab tests of biopsy samples, and image analyses. These approaches often involve error-prone and time-consuming processes. Recent studies show that machine learning has promises to effectively classify skin images into different classes such as melanoma and melanocytic nevi. In this work, we investigate machine learning approaches to enhance the performance of computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) systems to diagnose skin diseases. In the proposed CADx system, generative adversarial network (GAN) is used to identify (and remove) fake images. Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is applied to normalize the original dataset for preventing model overfitting. Synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) is employed to rectify class imbalances in the original dataset. To accurately classify skin images, the following four machine learning models are utilized: linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), convolutional neural network (CNN), and an ensemble CNN-SVM. Experimental results using the HAM10000 dataset demonstrate the ability of the machine learning models to improve CADx performance in treating skin neoplasm. Initially, the LDA, SVM, CNN, and ensemble CNN-SVM show 49%, 72%, 77%, and 79% accuracy, respectively. After applying GAN, EDA, and SMOTE, the LDA, SVM, CNN, and ensemble CNN-SVM show 76%, 83%, 87%, and 94% accuracy, respectively. We plan to explore other machine learning models and datasets in our next endeavor.
Antennal sensilla diversity in diurnal and nocturnal fireflies (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)
Authors: Pacheco Yelena M. , Mann Ethan , Da Silveira Luiz F. L. , Bybee Seth M. , Branham Marc A. , McHugh Joseph V. , Stanger-Hall Kathrin F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInsects use their antennae to collect environmental information. While the structural diversity of insect antennae is immediately obvious, the diversity of the minute antennal sensilla that interact with the environmental stimuli and translate them into sensory input, is largely unknown for many insect groups. This includes the beetle family Lampyridae, which includes nocturnal species that use bioluminescent signals during mate search, and diurnal species that rely exclusively on pheromones to identify and locate a potential mate. Diurnal species tend to have relatively larger antennae, and diurnal males have larger antennae than their females. It is generally assumed that antennal size reflects sensilla numbers, but this remains to be tested. Here we use Scanning Electron Microscopy to document the sensilla diversity of both males and females of three diurnal and four nocturnal firefly species, as well as total sensilla numbers, densities and their distribution along the antenna. We identified 14 sensilla morphotypes across the seven species, including 12 morphotypes that are new for Lampyridae. Mechanosensilla (3 morphotypes) were the most abundant and conserved sensilla across firefly species, and the distribution of chemosensilla (9 morphotypes) was unexpectedly variable across species. We hypothesized that the differences in mating signals between diurnal and nocturnal fireflies would be reflected in their chemosensilla counts or densities. As predicted, diurnal and nocturnal fireflies did not differ in their mechanoreceptor counts or densities, nor did males and females. In contrast, firefly males had significantly more chemoreceptors (and higher densities) than females and the interaction term (activity by sex) was also significant: diurnal males had significantly more chemoreceptors than nocturnal males, highlighting the importance of pheromones for diurnal species. Based on a series of predictions, we also identified a pheromone sensilla candidate for each species that will facilitate functional testing in future studies.
Antidepressant prescribing inequalities in people with comorbid depression and type 2 diabetes: a UK primary care electronic health record study
Authors: Ng Y , Hayes J , Jeffery A 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo compare the likelihood of being prescribed an antidepressant in depressed individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe performed a matched cohort study using primary care record data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We used multivariable logistic regression to compare antidepressant prescribing during the first five years of starting oral antidiabetic medication to a comparison group without type 2 diabetes, matched based on GP practice, age and sex. We performed subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age and ethnicity.ResultsPeople with type 2 diabetes and depression were 75% less likely to be prescribed an antidepressant compared to people with depression alone (odds ratio (OR) 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.26). This difference was greater in males (OR 0.23, 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.24), people older than 56 years (OR 0.23, 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.24), or from a minoritised ethnic background (Asian OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.12-0.14; Black OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.09-0.14).ConclusionsThere may be inequalities in access to antidepressant treatment for people with type 2 diabetes, particularly those who are male, older or from minoritised ethnic backgrounds.
Neural Network Correlates of Apathy, Disinhibition, and Executive Dysfunction in Active-Duty United States Special Operations Forces
Authors: Gilmore Natalie , McKinney Isabella R. , Tseng Chieh-En J. , Greve Douglas N. , Maffei Chiara , Healy Brian C. , Zürcher Nicole R. , Hooker Jacob M. , Tromly Samantha L. , Perl Daniel P. , Dams-O’Connor Kristen , Mac Donald Christine L. , Edlow Brian L. , Bodien Yelena G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnited States Special Operations Forces (SOF) experience neurobehavioral symptoms that can adversely affect training and combat operations. Understanding the neurobiological basis for these symptoms may guide prevention and treatment. In 29 male active-duty SOF with mean (SD) 17(4) years of service, we tested whether self-reported symptoms of apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction measured by the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale, were related to functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography biomarkers (translocator protein and tau) of the limbic, salience, and executive control networks. Higher disinhibition was associated with lower functional connectivity and higher tau signal within the salience network.