bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating wavepacket propagation with machine learning
Authors: Singh Kanishka , Lee Ka Hei , Peláez Daniel , Bande Annika 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, we discuss the use of a recently introduced machine learning (ML) technique known as Fourier neural operators (FNO) as an efficient alternative to the traditional solution of the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). FNOs are ML models which are employed in the approximated solution of partial differential equations. For a wavepacket propagating in an anharmonic potential and for a tunneling system, we show that the FNO approach can accurately and faithfully model wavepacket propagation via the density. Additionally, we demonstrate that FNOs can be a suitable replacement for traditional TDSE solvers in cases where the results of the quantum dynamical simulation are required repeatedly such as in the case of parameter optimization problems (e.g., control). The speed‐up from the FNO method allows for its combination with the Markov‐chain Monte Carlo approach in applications that involve solving inverse problems such as optimal and coherent laser control of the outcome of dynamical processes.
From Voxels to Physiology: A Review of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Berry David B. , Gordon Joseph A. , Adair Vincent , Frank Lawrence R. , Ward Samuel R. 
Published: June 2024

Skeletal muscle has a classic structure function relationship; both skeletal muscle microstructure and architecture are directly related to force generating capacity. Biopsy, the gold standard for evaluating muscle microstructure, is highly invasive, destructive to muscle, and provides only a small amount of information about the entire volume of a muscle. Similarly, muscle fiber lengths and pennation angles, key features of muscle architecture predictive of muscle function, are traditionally studied via cadaveric dissection. Noninvasive techniques such as diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) offer quantitative approaches to study skeletal muscle microstructure and architecture. Despite its prevalence in applications for musculoskeletal research, clinical adoption is hindered by a lack of understanding regarding its sensitivity to clinically important biomarkers such as muscle fiber cross‐sectional area. This review aims to elucidate how dMRI has been utilized to study skeletal muscle, covering fundamentals of muscle physiology, dMRI acquisition techniques, dMRI modeling, and applications where dMRI has been leveraged to noninvasively study skeletal muscle changes in response to disease, aging, injury, and human performance.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 2
Streptococcus suis Deploys Multiple ATP‐Dependent Proteases for Heat Stress Adaptation
Authors: Liu Jianan , Wang Jianzhong , Zhang Zhen , Bai Qiankun , Pan Xinming , Chen Rong , Yao Huochun , Yu Yong , Ma Jiale 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTStreptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing cytokine storms of Streptococcal toxic shock‐like syndrome amongst humans after a wound infection into the bloodstream. To overcome the challenges of fever and leukocyte recruitment, invasive S. suis must deploy multiple stress responses forming a network and utilize proteases to degrade short‐lived regulatory and misfolded proteins induced by adverse stresses, thereby adapting and evading host immune responses. In this study, we found that S. suis encodes multiple ATP‐dependent proteases, including single‐chain FtsH and double‐subunit Clp protease complexes ClpAP, ClpBP, ClpCP, and ClpXP, which were activated as the fever of infected mice in vivo. The expression of genes ftsH, clpA/B/C, and clpP, but not clpX, were significantly upregulated in S. suis in response to heat stress, while were not changed notably under the treatments with several other stresses, including oxidative, acidic, and cold stimulation. FtsH and ClpP were required for S. suis survival within host blood under heat stress in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of ftsH or clpP attenuated the tolerance of S. suis to heat, oxidative and acidic stresses, and significantly impaired the bacterial survival within macrophages. Further analysis identified that repressor CtsR directly binds and controls the clpA/B/C and clpP operons and is relieved by heat stress. In summary, the deployments of multiple ATP‐dependent proteases form a flexible heat stress response network that appears to allow S. suis to fine‐tune the degradation or refolding of the misfolded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis and optimal survival during infection.
Small Interfering RNA Mediated Messenger RNA Knockdown in the Amphibian Pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Authors: Webb Rebecca J. , Roberts Alexandra A. , Rush Catherine , Skerratt Lee F. , Tizard Mark L. , Berger Lee 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTRNA interference (RNAi) has not been tested in the pandemic amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, but developing this technology could be useful to elucidate virulence mechanisms, identify therapeutic targets, and may present a novel antifungal treatment option for chytridiomycosis. To manipulate and decipher gene function, rationally designed small interfering RNA (siRNA) can initiate the destruction of homologous messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in the “knockdown” of target gene expression. Here, we investigate whether siRNA can be used to manipulate gene expression in B. dendrobatidis via RNAi using differing siRNA strategies to target genes involved in glutathione and ornithine synthesis. To determine the extent and duration of mRNA knockdown, target mRNA levels were monitored for 24–48 h after delivery of siRNA targeting glutamate–cysteine ligase, with a maximum of ~56% reduction in target transcripts occurring at 36 h. A second siRNA design targeting glutamate‐cysteine ligase also resulted in ~53% knockdown at this time point. siRNA directed toward a different gene target, ornithine decarboxylase, achieved 17% reduction in target transcripts. Although no phenotypic effects were observed, these results suggest that RNAi is possible in B. dendrobatidis, and that gene expression can be manipulated in this pathogen. We outline ideas for further optimization steps to increase knockdown efficiency to better harness RNAi techniques for control of B. dendrobatidis.
Correlation between short‐chain fatty acids and peri‐implant disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Yue , Yang Hu , Wang Pingping , Shi Yilin , Shi Ruiwen , Zhang Shengben , Zhao Yajun , Lan Jing , Ge Shaohua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the correlation between short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) and peri‐implant diseases.MethodsPISF samples were obtained from implants that have been placed for at least 5 years, and peri‐implant clinical parameters were examined. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography were used to detect SCFAs in PISF. The correlation between SCFAs and clinical parameters was analyzed by Spearman's correlation. SCFAs related to peri‐implant disease were identified by logistic regression and ranked by random forest analysis.ResultsEighty‐six implants were divided into a peri‐implant health group (PIH‐group, 35 implants), peri‐implant mucositis group (PIM‐group, 25 implants), and peri‐implantitis group (PI‐group, 26 implants) according to clinical and radiographic examination results. The PIM‐group had significantly lower formic acid detection rate than the other two groups (p < 0.001). The PIM‐group had significantly higher levels of acetic, propionic, and isovaleric acids than the PIH‐group (p < 0.05). The PI‐group had significantly higher levels of propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric, and isovaleric acids than the PIH‐group (p < 0.05). The PI‐group had significantly higher levels of butyric, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids than the PIM‐group (p < 0.05). SCFAs (apart from hexanoic and succinic acids) were significantly and positively correlated with clinical parameters (p < 0.05). SCFAs related to peri‐implant disease were ranked as follows: butyric, isovaleric, isobutyric, propionic, acetic, formic, and lactic acids.ConclusionsElevated specific SCFAs are correlated with peri‐implant disease. Recognition of this correlation may help in early identification of peri‐implant disease and guide further clinical interventions.
Overexpression of the receptor for resolvin E1 (ERV1) prevents early alveolar bone loss in leptin receptor deficiency‐induced diabetes
Authors: Suárez Lina J. , Hasturk Hatice , Tubero Euzebio Alves Vanessa , Díaz‐Baez David , Van Dyke Thomas , Kantarci Alpdogan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to test the hypothesis that the leptin receptor (LepR) regulates changes in periodontal tissues and that the overexpression of the receptor for resolvin E1 (ERV1) prevents age‐ and diabetes‐associated alveolar bone loss.MethodsLepR‐deficient transgenic (TG) mice were cross‐bred with those overexpressing ERV1 (TG) to generate double‐TG mice. In total, 95 mice were divided into four experimental groups: wild type (WT), TG, LepR deficient (db/db), and double transgenic (db/db TG). The groups were followed from 4 weeks up to 16 weeks of age. The natural progression of periodontal disease without any additional method of periodontitis induction was assessed by macroscopic and histomorphometric analyses. Osteoclastic activity was measured by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.ResultsAt 4 weeks, ERV1 overexpression prevented weight gain. From Week 8 onward, there was a significant increase in the weight of db/db mice with or without ERV1 overexpression compared to the WT mice, accompanied by an increase in glucose levels. By 8 weeks of age, the percentage of bone loss in the LepR deficiency groups was significantly greater compared to WT mice. ERV1 overexpression in the db/db TG mice prevented early alveolar bone loss; however, it did not impact the development of diabetic bone loss in aging mice after the onset of weight gain and diabetes.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the overexpression of ERV1 prevents LepR‐associated alveolar bone loss during the early phases of periodontal disease by delaying weight gain, diabetes onset, and associated inflammation; however, LepR deficiency increases susceptibility to naturally occurring inflammatory alveolar bone loss as the animal ages, associated with excess weight gain, onset of diabetes, and excess inflammation.
Hot water mobilizes the metabolism of energy, soluble sugar, cell wall, and phenolics to cope with chilling injury in postharvest snap beans
Authors: Lv Na , Zhang Haoyan , Zhou Hongtao , Wang Caiping , Guo Changjie , Wang Liyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSnap beans (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) are very sensitive to low temperature during postharvest storage. Pitting, rusting, and water‐soaked patches are typical chilling injury (CI) symptoms of snap beans. The appearance of these symptoms reduces the storage quality of snap beans. The energy, soluble carbohydrates, cell wall, and phenolic metabolisms of refrigerated snap beans and their relationship to CI treated with 35 °C hot water (HW) were investigated.RESULTSHW treatment reduced CI index and electrolyte leakage and increased the contents of soluble solids, titratable acidity, and chlorophyll. HW treatment maintained higher activities of proton ATPase, calcium ATPase, and cytochrome c oxidase, which resulted in the accumulation of more adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and energy charge. The accumulation of soluble sugar induced by HW treatment was correlated with the stimulation of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase. The prevention effect of HW treatment on the degradation of cell wall components was related to the inhibition of pectin methylesterase and cellulase. HW‐induced phenol accumulation is associated with an increase in shikimate dehydrogenase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamate‐4‐hydroxylase, and 4‐coumarine‐coenzyme A ligase, as well as a decrease in polyphenol oxidase.CONCLUSIONThe alleviating effect of HW on CI is due to its regulation of energy, soluble sugar, cell wall, and phenolic metabolism. Therefore, HW treatment may be an effective means to reduce CI of snap beans. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Textbook outcome for evaluating the surgical quality of gastrectomy
Authors: Ramos Marcus F. K. P. , Gusmão Júlia Siman , Pereira Marina A. , Ribeiro‐Junior Ulysses 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe textbook outcome (TO) is an indicator to evaluate surgical quality based on clinical, pathological, and surgical outcomes.ObjectiveTo analyze the frequency, factors associated with achievement, and the prognostic impact of TO in gastric cancer treatment.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients with gastric cancer operated with curative intent from 2009 to 2022 in a reference Cancer Center.ResultsDuring the period, 681 patients were included and 444 (65.2%) achieved TO. Major surgical complications were the most common not‐achieved outcome (16.4%) and intraoperative complications were the most achieved (96.2%). Most of the patients have failed in only 1 outcome (n = 105, 44.3%). Failure to achieve TO was associated with Charlson‐Deyo comorbidity index ≥1 (46.4% vs 34.7%, p = 0.003), American Society of Anesthesiologists classification III/IV (40.1% vs 24.1%, p < 0.001), higher mean neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (2.7 vs 3.3, p = 0.024), D1 lymphadenectomy (26.2% vs 15.8%, p = 0.001), and elective postoperative Intensive Care Unit admission (46.4% vs 38.5%, p = 0.046). Disease‐free and overall survival (both p < 0.001) were higher in the TO group even after the exclusion of cases with surgical mortality (p = 0.013 and p = 0.024, respectively).ConclusionsTO was achieved in most of the cases and its failure was associated with poor clinical performance and it impacts both early surgical results as well as long‐term survival.
Preoperative subjective assessment of disease‐specific quality of life significantly influenced the likelihood of achieving the minimal clinically important difference after surgical stabilization for recurrent lateral patellar instability
Authors: Dan Milinkovic Danko , Schmidt Sebastian , Fluegel Julian , Gebhardt Sebastian , Zimmermann Felix , Balcarek Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate which factors exert a predictive value for not reaching the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in patients who underwent a tailored operative treatment for recurrent lateral patellar dislocation (RLPD).MethodsA total of 237 patients (male/female 71/166; 22.4 ± 6.8 years) were included. The Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument 2.0 (BPII 2.0) and subjective rating of knee function and pain (numeric analogue scale [NAS]; 0–10) were used to evaluate patients' outcomes from pre‐ to postoperatively. Gender, age at the time of surgery, body mass index (BMI), nicotine abuse, psychiatric diseases, cartilage status and pathoanatomic risk factors were evaluated as potential predictors for achieving the MCID using univariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe MCID for the BPII 2.0 was calculated at 9.5 points. Although the BPII 2.0 and NAS for knee function and pain improved significantly in the total cohort from pre‐ to postoperatively (all p < 0.001), 29 patients did not reach the MCID at the final follow‐up. The analysis yielded that only the preoperative NAS for function and BPII 2.0 score values were significant predictors for reaching the MCID postoperatively. The optimal threshold was calculated at 7 (NAS function) and 65.2 points (BPII 2.0). Age at the time of surgery should be considered for patients with a preoperative BPII 2.0 score >62.5.ConclusionThe probability of reaching BPII 2.0 MCID postoperatively depends only on the preoperative BPII 2.0 value and subjective rating of knee function, as well as age at the time of surgery for patients undergoing surgical treatment of RLPD. Here, presented results can assist clinicians in advising and presenting patients with potential outcomes following treatment for this often complex and multifactorial pathology.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
The modified Nice knot has improved mechanical performance compared to the cinch stitch for meniscal root repair
Authors: Oliveira João Pedro , Simões José António , Noronha José Carlos , Ramos António 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeAccording to previous biomechanical studies, the success of meniscus root repair depends on the suture–meniscus interface and optimisation of this procedure seems to be critical. A progressive, reliable and adjustable knot has numerous advantages in meniscal repair since the surgeon can adapt and meticulously tune the final strength of the fixation. We hypothesised that a single passage of one tape at two different points of the posterior meniscal root with a modified Nice knot configuration may allow similar or superior fixation for root repair compared to the cinch stitch suture technique.MethodsPosterior root repair of medial and lateral meniscus was performed on 26 porcine knees. In group (A), two simple cinch stitches were applied, and in group (B), a modified Nice knot was used in a crossmatch configuration. For both groups, two passages through the meniscus with a 2‐mm braided tape were used, and a single transosseous tibial tunnel technique was performed and tested in pull‐out conditions.ResultsThe modified Nice knot showed an improved biomechanical performance considering the maximum failure load for both the medial (600.7 ± 77.5 N) and lateral (686.1 ± 83.5 N) (p = 0.006) posterior root fixation when compared to a double cinch stitch (558.0 ± 123.9 N) and (629.0 ± 110.2 N) (p = 0.178) for medial and lateral fixation, respectively. The maximum stiffness was also higher for the modified Nice knot configuration for both medial (17.1 ± 1.5 vs. 13.3 ± 1.6 N/mm) and lateral meniscus (20.0 ± 2.6 vs. 13.8 ± 2.3 N/mm), being this difference statistically significative (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe modified Nice knot allowed better adaptation in the pull‐out tests and presented higher fixation strength, stiffness and reproducibility, with lower standard deviation, being at the same time economically advantageous, since only one tape is needed.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Minimal effect of scanning parameters on ultrasound shear wave elastography variability in tendons
Authors: Zellers Jennifer A. , Li Ran , Vaidya Rachana , Lohse Keith , North Andrew , Cui Stephane , Houston Bryson , Chen Menghan , Zheng Jie , Baxter Josh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeUltrasound shear wave elastography has potential use in assessing tendon tissue; however, reducing measurement variability remains challenging. The primary purpose of this study was to identify the amount of variability accounted for by ultrasound parameter (frequency, harmonics and CrossXBeam) settings on shear wave speed at two testing sites.MethodsShear wave elastography images of the Achilles tendon were obtained from individuals with healthy tendons (n = 28) at two testing sites with standardised image acquisition/postprocessing protocols. Images were acquired at a range of frequencies (7–15 MHz) with CrossXBeam (a filtering technique) and harmonics settings toggled on and off. Variance decomposition analysis was performed to identify the amount of variability in shear wave speed accounted for by scan acquisition settings and testing sites.ResultsShear wave speed variance was primarily attributed to participants (56.87% of variance; residual error: 35%). All scanning parameters, testing site and interaction terms each accounted for less than 2.5% of the variance. A statistically significant, negative relationship was observed between shear wave speed and image quality (p = 0.001) suggesting poor image quality yields higher shear wave speed estimates.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that natural variation in Achilles tendon mechanics between individuals without tendon pathology accounts for most of the shear wave speed variability. Optimising image quality, which may be observed in higher frequencies, should be considered to improve shear wave speed estimation. Clinically, this study highlights the need to take multiple images, maintain consistent ultrasound settings when tracking patient progress over time and use caution when comparing raw values from tendon scans performed in different clinics with shear wave elastography.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Modified defect relation for Gauss maps of minimal surfaces with hypersurfaces of projective varieties in the subgeneral position
Authors: Quang Si Duc 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we establish some modified defect relations for the Gauss map of a complete minimal surface into a ‐dimension projective subvariety with hypersurfaces of in ‐subgeneral position with respect to . In particular, we give the upper bound for the number if the image intersects each hypersurface a finite number of times and is nondegenerate over , where , that is, the image of is not contained in any hypersurface of degree with . Our results extend and generalize the previous results for the case of the Gauss map and hyperplanes in a projective space. The results and the method of this paper have been applied by some authors to study the unicity problem of the Gauss maps sharing families of hypersurfaces.
Targeting CD300ld to normalize the tumor microenvironment: an emerging insight in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Lin‐Zhu , He Xu , Zhu Hai‐Dong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn a recent Nature elegant study, Wang et al. identified CD300ld, a novel functionally highly conserved tumor immunosuppressive receptor, highly expressed specifically on polymorphonuclear myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (PMN‐MDSCs), as well as a key receptor in the regulation of recruitment and immunosuppressive function of PMN‐MDSCs. Targeting CD300ld could remodel the tumor immune microenvironment, resulting in a broad‐spectrum anti‐tumor effect.
Magnetic resonance imaging‐based radiomics analysis for prediction of treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and clinical outcome in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: A large multicentric and validated study
Authors: Hu TingDan , Gong Jing , Sun YiQun , Li MengLei , Cai ChongPeng , Li XinXiang , Cui YanFen , Zhang XiaoYan , Tong Tong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOur study investigated whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based radiomics features could predict good response (GR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and clinical outcome in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Radiomics features were extracted from the T2 weighted (T2W) and Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images of 1070 LARC patients retrospectively and prospectively recruited from three hospitals. To create radiomic models for GR prediction, three classifications were utilized. The radiomic model with the best performance was integrated with important clinical MRI features to create the combined model. Finally, two clinical MRI features and ten radiomic features were chosen for GR prediction. The combined model, constructed with the tumor size, MR‐detected extramural venous invasion, and radiomic signature generated by Support Vector Machine (SVM), showed promising discrimination of GR, with area under the curves of 0.799 (95% CI, 0.760–0.838), 0.797 (95% CI, 0.733–0.860), 0.754 (95% CI, 0.678–0.829), and 0.727 (95% CI, 0.641–0.813) in the training and three validation datasets, respectively. Decision curve analysis verified the clinical usefulness. Furthermore, according to Kaplan–Meier curves, patients with a high likelihood of GR as determined by the combined model had better disease‐free survival than those with a low probability. This radiomics model was developed based on large‐sample size, multicenter datasets, and prospective validation with high radiomics quality score, and also had clinical utility.