bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a Core Scientific Metadata Model in Large-Scale Facilities
Authors: Matthews Brian , Sufi Shoaib , Flannery Damian , Lerusse Laurent , Griffin Tom , Gleaves Michael , Kleese Kerstin 
Published: December 2011

In this paper, we present the Core Scientific Metadata Model (CSMD), a model for the representation of scientific study metadata developed within the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) to represent the data generated from scientific facilities. The model has been developed to allow management of and access to the data resources of the facilities in a uniform way, although we believe that the model has wider application, especially in areas of “structural science” such as chemistry, materials science and earth sciences. We give some motivations behind the development of the model, and an overview of its major structural elements, centred on the notion of a scientific study formed by a collection of specific investigations. We give some details of the model, with the description of each investigation associated with a particular experiment on a sample generating data, and the associated data holdings are then mapped to the investigation with the appropriate parameters. We then go on to discuss the instantiation of the metadata model within a production quality data management infrastructure, the Information CATalogue (ICAT), which has been developed within STFC for use in large-scale photon and neutron sources. Finally, we give an overview of the relationship between CSMD, and other initiatives, and give some directions for future developments. Â Â Â
Assisted Emulation for Legacy Executables
Authors: Woods Kam , Brown Geoffrey 
Published: December 2011

Emulation is frequently discussed as a failsafe preservation strategy for born-digital documents that depend on contemporaneous software for access (Rothenberg, 2000). Yet little has been written about the contextual knowledge required to successfully use such software. The approach we advocate is to preserve necessary contextual information through scripts designed to control the legacy environment, and created during the preservation workflow. We describe software designed to minimize dependence on this knowledge by offering automated configuration and execution of emulated environments. We demonstrate that even simple scripts can reduce impediments to casual use of the digital objects being preserved. We describe tools to automate the remote use of preserved objects on local emulation environments.Â This can help eliminate both a dependence on physical reference workstations at preservation institutions, and provide users accessing materials over the web with simplified, easy-to-use environments. Our implementation is applied to examples from an existing collection of over 4,000 virtual CD-ROM images containing thousands of custom binary executables.
Boundaries of weak peak points in noncommutative algebras of Lipschitz functions
Authors: Averill Kassandra , Johnston Ann , Northrup Ryan , Silversmith Robert , Luttman Aaron 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
It has been shown that any Banach algebra satisfying ‖f
2‖ = ‖f‖2 has a representation as an algebra of quaternion-valued continuous functions. Whereas some of the classical theory of algebras of continuous complex-valued functions extends immediately to algebras of quaternion-valued functions, similar work has not been done to analyze how the theory of algebras of complex-valued Lipschitz functions extends to algebras of quaternion-valued Lipschitz functions. Denote by Lip(X,
$\mathbb{F}$
) the algebra over R of F-valued Lipschitz functions on a compact metric space (X, d), where
$\mathbb{F}$
= ℝ, ℂ, or ℍ, the non-commutative division ring of quaternions. In this work, we analyze a class of subalgebras of Lip(X,
$\mathbb{F}$
) in which the closure of the weak peak points is the Shilov boundary, and we show that algebras of functions taking values in the quaternions are the most general objects to which the theory of weak peak points extends naturally. This is done by generalizing a classical result for uniform algebras, due to Bishop, which ensures the existence of the Shilov boundary. While the result of Bishop need not hold in general algebras of quaternion-valued Lipschitz functions, we give sufficient conditions on such an algebra for it to hold and to guarantee the existence of the Shilov boundary.
Current-induced dynamics in carbon atomic contacts
Authors: Lü Jing-Tao , Gunst Tue , Hedegård Per , Brandbyge Mads 
Published: December 2011

Background: The effect of electric current on the motion of atoms still poses many questions, and several mechanisms are at play. Recently there has been focus on the importance of the current-induced nonconservative forces (NC) and Berry-phase derived forces (BP) with respect to the stability of molecular-scale contacts. Systems based on molecules bridging electrically gated graphene electrodes may offer an interesting test-bed for these effects.Results: We employ a semi-classical Langevin approach in combination with DFT calculations to study the current-induced vibrational dynamics of an atomic carbon chain connecting electrically gated graphene electrodes. This illustrates how the device stability can be predicted solely from the modes obtained from the Langevin equation, including the current-induced forces. We point out that the gate offers control of the current, independent of the bias voltage, which can be used to explore current-induced vibrational instabilities due the NC/BP forces. Furthermore, using tight-binding and the Brenner potential we illustrate how Langevin-type molecular-dynamics calculations including the Joule heating effect for the carbon-chain systems can be performed. Molecular dynamics including current-induced forces enables an energy redistribution mechanism among the modes, mediated by anharmonic interactions, which is found to be vital in the description of the electrical heating.Conclusion: We have developed a semiclassical Langevin equation approach that can be used to explore current-induced dynamics and instabilities. We find instabilities at experimentally relevant bias and gate voltages for the carbon-chain system.
Mechanical characterization of carbon nanomembranes from self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Zhang Xianghui , Beyer André , Gölzhäuser Armin 
Published: December 2011

This paper reports on the mechanical characterization of carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) with a thickness of 1 nm that are fabricated by electron-induced crosslinking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). A novel type of in situ bulge test employing an atomic force microscope (AFM) is utilized to investigate their mechanical properties. A series of biphenyl-based molecules with different types of terminal and/or anchor groups were used to prepare the CNMs, such as 4'-[(3-trimethoxysilyl)propoxy]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (CBPS), 1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol (BPT) and 4-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol (NBPT). The elastic properties, viscoelastic behaviors and ultimate tensile strength of these biphenyl-based CNMs are investigated and discussed.
Les juristes médiévaux italiens et la comptabilité commerciale avant sa formalisation en partie double de 1494
Authors: Minaud Gérard 
Published: December 2011

Résumé La comptabilité du Moyen Âge est surtout connue à travers des collections de livres de comptes datant de cette époque, qui, pour la plupart, ont fait l’objet de nombreux commentaires depuis près d’un siècle. À côté de ce corpus documentaire, la riche littérature médiévale d’expression latine contient aussi de très abondantes analyses sur la tenue de ces registres. Les juristes d’alors n’ont pas rédigé de manuel spécifique sur l’art de tenir les livres de comptes ou sur un droit qui leur aurait été particulier. En revanche, leurs innombrables recommandations sont éparses et contenues dans des manuscrits très variés et parfois devenus rares. Toutefois, ces sources sont suffisamment significatives pour essayer de les limiter à celles antérieures à 1494, c’est-à-dire à la célèbre formalisation de la comptabilité en partie double établie par Luca Pacioli. À partir de cette documentation que les historiens de la comptabilité ont encore peu exploitée, on peut essayer d’identifier une éventuelle influence de la technique en partie double. Face une performante tenue des livres de comptes, un embarras certain s’est dégagé parmi les juristes médiévaux, étrangers au monde des chiffres et à celui du commerce. La tenue des livres de comptes a impressionné ces intellectuels au point de les inciter à justifier son origine, à établir ses règles, à définir sa valeur juridique et à instituer une procédure contentieuse concernant ces registres. Le seul modèle de référence des juristes médiévaux étant celui de l’antiquité romaine, le droit romain leur sert de base pour réfléchir sur la technique comptable qu’ils observaient. Ils utilisent à la fois leurs propres observations de la pratique et le droit romain afin de légitimer les usages des marchands contemporains pour mesurer, enregistrer et mémoriser leurs flux d’échanges.
Investigation of Bladder Deformability within the Development Process of the Artificial Urinary Diversion System – A Pilot Study
Authors: Kirchleitner Daniel , Roth Matthias , Wassermann Helmut , Jocham Dieter 
Published: December 2011

Purpose The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate changes in the dimensions of human bladders in different body positions to determine the required deformability of an Artificial Urinary Diversion System (AUDS). This entirely artificial organ is comparable in size to the maximum capacity of natural bladders and is a replacement for diseased bladders, such those damaged by cancer. Methods The full bladders (determined by the individual's perception) of 5 healthy adult volunteers were imaged using a fully opened magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device in different body positions: standing, maximum flexion, and seated. Dimensional changes were measured in four directions (ventral, dorsal, cranial and caudal) using a custom graphical method based on midsagittal images; the standing position was used as the reference position. Results The maximum flexed position was compared to the reference position, and the largest change was found in the cranial extension of the bladders: 6±4.2 mm (mean±SD). The seated and reference positions were compared; the maximum change was in the cranial extension and was measured to be 18±2.8 mm. Conclusions The results indicate the requirement for a highly deformable artificial bladder in specific directions, such as the cranial and dorsal directions, which influences the positions of the technical components within the artificial organ. In a future development stage, artificial bladders will be designed using a computer-aided design system based on the results from this study and possibly a subsequent similar study.
Tissue Engineering of Bladder Using Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene-Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Chen Bai-Song , Xie Hua , Zhang Sheng-Li , Geng Hong-Quan , Zhou Jun-Mei , Pan Jun , Chen Fang 
Published: December 2011

Purpose This study assessed the use of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene-modified endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) seeded onto bladder acellular matrix grafts (BAMGs), to enhance the blood supply in tissue-engineered bladders in a porcine model. Methods Autologous porcine peripheral EPCs were isolated, cultured, expanded, characterized, and modified with the VEGF gene using an adenovirus vector. The expression of VEGF was examined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). VEGF gene modified EPCs were seeded onto BAMG and cultured for 3 days before implantation into pigs for bladder tissue engineering. A partial bladder cystectomy was performed in 12 pigs. The experimental group (6 pigs) received VEGF gene-modified EPC-seeded BAMG. The control group (6 pigs) received BAMG without seeded EPCs. The resulting tissue-engineered bladders were subject to a general and histological analysis. Microvessel density (MVD) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results The ex vivo transfection efficiency of EPCs was greater than 60%-70% when concentrated adenovirus was used. The genetically modified cells expressed both VEGF and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Masson's trichrome staining of cross sections of the cultured cells seeded to BAMG showed cell attachment and proliferation on the surface of the BAMG. Histological examination revealed bladder regeneration in a time-dependent fashion. Significant increases in MVD were observed in the experimental group, in comparison with the control group. Conclusions VEGF-modified EPCs significantly enhanced neovascularization, compared with BAMG alone. These results indicate that EPCs, combined with VEGF gene therapy, may be a suitable approach for increasing blood supply in the tissue engineering of bladders. Thus, a useful strategy to achieve a tissue-engineered bladder is indicated.
The onset of the West African monsoon simulated in a high‐resolution atmospheric general circulation model with reanalyzed soil moisture fields
Authors: Yamada T. J. , Kanae S. , Oki T. , Hirabayashi Y. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe simulation of the onset of the West African monsoon (WAM), associated with the northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) occurring in May, June, and July, is a challenging task for atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs), because of complex water and energy balance through the land‐atmosphere interaction as well as atmospheric processes. We provide evidence that a combination of state‐of‐the‐art global fields of reanalyzed soil moisture anomalies and a sufficiently high‐resolution (∼50 km) AGCM produces a successful simulation of the northward shift of the ITCZ and the following onset of the WAM in July. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
E‐Word‐of‐Mouth on health social networking sites: An opportunity for tailored health communication
Authors: Liang Bo , Scammon Debra L. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBecause of the limitation of time and resources, health professionals are often not able to provide support for consumers via personal communication. Consumers are increasingly active in managing their own health. E‐word‐of‐mouth (eWOM), or consumer‐generated content, on health social networking sites (SNSs) provides a new opportunity for health communication tailored to consumers' personal needs. Using netnography, a well structured internet‐based ethonography, we analyze discussion threads posted to an obesity support group on a popular health SNS based in the US. We classify e‐group members as support seekers and providers. Our results identify two major features of eWOM on health SNSs that facilitate tailored health communication. First, eWOM on health SNSs provides the types of support (informational and emotional) that help support seekers actively cope with heath‐related problems and strains. Second, eWOM on health SNSs contains massages rich with personal experiences of support providers that offer solutions for problems that support seekers face in everyday situations. As support seekers participate in SNSs, their opportunity for learning means that they can become ‘information elite’, evolving from support seekers to support providers. We discuss important implications for policymakers and marketers for learning from and participating in eWOM on health SNSs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mining messages: Exploring consumer response to consumer‐ vs. firm‐generated ads
Authors: Pehlivan Ekin , Sarican Funda , Berthon Pierre 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTSocial media provide consumers with a platform for interactivity, and interactivity leads to consumer empowerment by providing the consumer with a platform to make their voice heard. This paper contributes to the marketing literature exploring the voice of the consumer in consumer‐generated advertisements (CGAs). The objective of this research is to find ways to measure consumer response to CGAs. We measure whether they differ from firm‐generated ads in the responses they elicit and also observe whether they generate different responses by ad type, or if some categories have similar responses. We review CGAs for Apple's MacBook Air lightweight laptop and run a text mining application to understand the common themes and conduct text analysis on the responses to both CGAs and firm‐generated ads to answer the question “Is the source of the advertisement important?” Text analytics also enable us to measure consumers' attitude toward products, companies, and ads. We then work toward understanding why and under what circumstances CGAs are effective and how companies may handle or foster different types of CGAs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To achieve or not to achieve? Comparative mindsets elicit assimilation and contrast in goal priming
Authors: Crusius Jan , Mussweiler Thomas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGoal priming typically leads to goal‐consistent behavior. This uniform pattern is surprising given other types of priming effects, which have been found to be more variable. On the basis of previous research on judgment priming effects, we predicted that a comparative mindset to focus on similarities versus differences also affects the direction of goal priming. Two studies show that assimilation to a primed goal results if participants focus on similarities, whereas a focus on differences leads to contrast. In Study 1, participants induced to focus on similarities behaved more neatly after being primed with neatness rather than the goal to be carefree. For participants induced to focus on differences, the opposite pattern emerged. In Study 2, a similarity focus led to assimilation to an achievement prime, whereas a difference focus resulted in contrast. These findings highlight the importance of comparative processes in goal striving and demonstrate that assimilative goal‐priming effects are less invariable than existing research suggests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nonlocal convective flux limiter for upwind‐biased finite volume simulations
Authors: Poe Nicole M.W. , Keith Walters D. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYFinite volume methods on structured and unstructured meshes commonly use second‐order, upwind‐biased linear reconstruction schemes to approximate the convective terms. Limiters are employed to reduce the inherent variable overshoot and undershoot of these schemes in discontinuous regions; however, they also can significantly increase the numerical dissipation of a solution in smooth regions. This paper presents a novel nonlocal, nonmonotonic (NLNM) limiter developed by enforcing cell minima and maxima on dependent variable values projected to cell faces. The minimum and maximum values for a cell are determined primarily through recursive reference to the minimum and maximum values of its upwind neighbors. The new limiter has been implemented into an existing flow solver. Various test cases are presented, which highlight the ability of the NLNM limiter to eliminate nonphysical oscillations while maintaining negligible levels of limiter‐induced dissipation into the solution. Results from the new limiter are compared with those from other limited and unlimited second‐order upwind and first‐order upwind schemes. For the cases examined in the study, the NLNM limiter was found to improve accuracy without significantly decreasing overall simulation efficiency and robustness.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction in the Random Effects Model with MA (q) Remainder Disturbances
Authors: Baltagi Badi H. , Liu Long 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the problem of forecasting in a panel data model with random individual effects and MA (q) remainder disturbances. It utilizes a recursive transformation for the MA (q) process derived by Baltagi and Li (Econometric Theory 1994; 10: 396–408) which yields a simple generalized least‐squares estimator for this model. This recursive transformation is used in conjunction with Goldberger's result (Journal of the American Statistical Association 1962; 57: 369–375) to derive an analytic expression for the best linear unbiased predictor, for the ith cross‐sectional unit, s periods ahead. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pattern of cognitive impairment in older veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder evaluated at a memory disorders clinic
Authors: Scott Mackin R. , Lesselyong Julia A. , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: December 2011

Background: We determined the pattern of clinically significant cognitive impairment (CI) among older veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) evaluated in a memory disorders clinic.Methods: Data were collected from 19 ethnically diverse veterans. Cognitive functioning in six domains (verbal learning, memory, attention, language, executive functioning, and information processing speed) was assessed.Results: The majority of veterans (57%) demonstrated CI on a measure of single trial list learning, 44% exhibited CI on short delay memory for lists, and 31% exhibited CI in long delay memory for lists. CI on measures of memory for stories (14%) and executive functioning (6%) were less common, and none of the participants demonstrated CI on measures of attention, language, or information processing speed.Conclusions: CI on measures of single trial list learning and memory for lists are common in older patients with PTSD evaluated in a memory disorders clinic and are likely to contribute to functional deficits. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of emergency commitment for nursing home residents: the role of resident and facility characteristics
Authors: Becker Marion A. , Boaz Timothy L. , DeMuth Anne , Andel Ross 
Published: December 2011

ObjectivesThe ability of nursing homes to manage the mental health needs of their residents is crucial to providing high quality care. An important element is preventing exacerbations of psychiatric conditions that trigger discharge from the nursing home (NH) because of an emergency commitment (EC) for an involuntary psychiatric examination. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between resident and facility characteristics and the risk of EC for involuntary psychiatric examination among Medicaid‐enrolled NH residents in Florida.DesignThis retrospective cohort study employed 2.5 years (31 December 2002 through 30 June 2005) of Medicaid enrollment and fee‐for‐service, pharmacy, and involuntary commitment data to examine resident characteristics. NH characteristics were obtained from the Online Survey Certification and Reporting database.SettingMedicaid‐certified NHs in Florida (N = 584).ParticipantsMedicaid‐enrolled NH residents (N = 32,604).ResultsYounger age, male gender, having dementia, having a serious mental illness (SMI), and residing in a for‐profit facility were all independently associated with the greater risk of EC. Although most residents with EC were prescribed psychotropic medication, less than half received non‐pharmacological behavioral health outpatient services before or after their involuntary psychiatric examination.ConclusionOur findings highlight the salience of resident and facility characteristics to prevalence rates of EC for involuntary psychiatric examinations among NH residents and underscore a need for increased education, communication, and future research on the predictive factors as well as the consequences of these adverse events. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.