bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign Object Damage in Ytterbium Disilicate Based Environmental Barrier Coatings Modified for Oxidation Resistance
Authors: Hoffman Leland C. , Presby Michael J. , Harder Bryan J. , Stokes Jamesa L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) have been developed as an enabling technology for silicon carbide based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in gas turbine engines. Two of the key failure mechanisms identified in EBC systems are foreign object damage (FOD) and the oxidative growth of a SiO2 thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer that can lead to premature coating spallation. Previously the effects of FOD on NASA’s ytterbium disilicate based EBC were studied and recently it was shown that the addition of oxide modifiers resulted in improved oxidation resistance in the EBC. This work will compare FOD of the baseline ytterbium disilicate EBC to the that of the modified EBC. FOD was performed at room temperature using a 1.59 mm hardened steel ball with projectile velocities of 50–300 m/s. Additionally, the effects of oxidation via cyclic steam exposure prior to impact were investigated.
Advancing Environmental Sustainability Through Development of Wood Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Siddique Ridwan , Billings Christopher , Sherwood Benjamin , Hall Joshua , Liu Yingtao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Integrating natural fibers into environmentally friendly polymers enhances mechanical properties, opening avenues for sustainable composites and advanced additive manufacturing (AM). This study incorporates wood fibers, a versatile cellulose resource, into a bio-based polylactic acid (PLA) polymer for 3D printing. This helps in the development of sustainable and recyclable green composites using fused deposition modeling (FDM). The printed composites undergo comprehensive characterization, assessing critical properties like density, porosity, microstructures, tensile modulus, and ultimate strength. Non-contact digital image correlation (DIC) technology analyzes local stress and strain concentration during mechanical testing. The validated FDM-based AM process is applied to print honeycombs, woven bowls, and frame bins, showcasing manufacturing capability. The mechanical performance and failure mechanism of 3D-printed honeycombs are evaluated under compressive loads using DIC. The research findings inform the design and optimization of AM-processed composite structures for a diverse array of engineering applications.
A 20-Year Systematic Review of Before- and After-School Physical Activity Research (2000–2020)
Authors: Marttinen Risto , Rodrigues Alba , Nuñez-Enriquez Oscar , Centeio Erin , Banville Dominique 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This systematic review aimed at identifying, categorizing, and analyzing peer-reviewed literature on organized before- and after-school (B&ASP) physical activity programs from 2000 to 2020. Methods: We analyzed 291 articles that fit the inclusion criteria from five databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines were followed. Results: Research on B&ASPs has increased and been published in 157 journals across 26 countries. Most studies were quantitative. Most studies used a theoretical or conceptual framework and reported reliability, validity, and trustworthiness. Varied additional foci of impact were reported through different physical activities. However, physical activity was usually not measured. Interventions were 1–520 weeks long and conducted in different study contexts. Many studies targeted marginalized groups but did not utilize critical theory. Conclusion: Further studies should aim to better understand the nuances of B&ASPs, and critical theories could be useful. The lack of journals for B&ASP research limits scholars’ ability to move the field forward.
Motor vehicle collision (MVC) emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations in Ontario during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sammy Adrian , Medeiros Alexia , Batomen Brice , Rothman Linda , Harris M Anne , Harrington Daniel W , Macarthur Colin , Richmond Sarah A 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic policy response dramatically changed local transportation patterns. This project investigated the impact of COVID-19 policies on motor vehicle collision (MVC)-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations in Ontario.MethodsData were collected on MVC-related ED visits and hospitalisations in Ontario between March 2016 and December 2022. Using an interrupted time series design, negative binomial regression models were fitted to the pre-pandemic data, including monthly indicator variables for seasonality and accounting for autocorrelation. Extrapolations simulated expected outcome trajectories during the pandemic, which were compared with actual observed outcome counts using the overall per cent change and mean monthly difference. Data were modelled separately for vehicle occupants, pedestrians and cyclists (MVC and non-MVC injuries).ResultsThere was a 31.5% decrease in observed ED visits (95% CI –35.4 to –27.3) and a 6.0% decrease in hospitalisations (95% CI −13.2 to 1.6) among vehicle occupants, relative to expected counts during the pandemic. Results were similar for pedestrians. Among cyclist MVCs, there was an increase in ED visits (12.8%, 95% CI −8.2 to 39.4) and hospitalisations (46.0%, 95% CI 11.6 to 93.6). Among non-MVC cyclists, there was also an increase in ED visits (47.0%, 95% CI 12.5 to 86.8) and hospitalisations (50.1%, 95% CI 8.2 to 101.2).ConclusionsWe observed fewer vehicle occupant and pedestrian collision injuries than expected during the pandemic. By contrast, we observed more cycling injuries than expected, especially in cycling injuries not involving motor vehicles. These observations may be attributable to changes in transportation patterns during the pandemic and increased uptake of recreational cycling.
Stress-Induced Autonomic Dysfunction is Associated With Mental Stress–Induced Myocardial Ischemia in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Osei Jeffery , Vaccarino Viola , Wang Maggie , Shah Anish S. , Lampert Rachel , Li Louis Y. , Ko Yi-An , Pearce Brad D. , Kutner Michael , Garcia Ernest V. , Piccinelli Marina , Raggi Paolo , Bremner J. Douglas , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Sun Yan V. , Ahmed Hashir , Haddad George , Daaboul Obada , Roberts Tatum , Stefanos Lewam , Correia Luis , Shah Amit J. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Mental stress–induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with coronary artery disease, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unknown. We examined the relationship between stress-induced autonomic dysfunction, measured by low heart rate variability (HRV) in response to stress, and MSIMI in patients with stable coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that stress-induced autonomic dysfunction is associated with higher odds of MSIMI.

METHODS:
In 735 participants with stable coronary artery disease, we measured high- and low-frequency HRV in 5-minute intervals before and during a standardized laboratory-based speech stressor using Holter monitoring. HRV at rest and stress were categorized into low HRV (first quartile) versus high HRV (second to fourth quartiles); the low category was used as an indicator of autonomic dysfunction. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association of autonomic dysfunction with MSIMI.

RESULTS:
The mean age was 58 (SD, ±10) years, 35% were women, 44% were Black participants, and 16% developed MSIMI. Compared with high HRV during stress, low HRV during stress (both high and low frequencies) was associated with higher odds of MSIMI after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors (odds ratio for high-frequency HRV, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.3–3.3]; odds ratio for low-frequency HRV, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.3–3.3]). Low-frequency HRV at rest was also associated with MSIMI but with slightly reduced effect estimates.

CONCLUSIONS:
In individuals with coronary artery disease, mental stress-induced autonomic dysfunction may be a mechanism implicated in the causal pathway of MSIMI.
On the Significance of Ageostrophic Meridional Eddy-Induced Heat Flux in the Surface Ocean of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Chen Ruiyi , Luo Yiyong , Zhang Zhiwei , Liu Fukai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Eddy-induced heat flux (EHF) convergence plays an important role in balancing the cooling of mean flows in the heat budget of the Southern Ocean. This study investigates the EHF in the Southern Ocean and the surface ocean heat budget over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) estimated through a high-resolution ocean assimilation product. In contrast to previous studies in which the estimation of the EHF in the Southern Ocean was based on the assumption that mesoscale eddies are quasigeostrophic turbulence, we find that more than one-third of the total meridional EHF in the surface layer is attributed to ageostrophic currents of eddies and that the ageostrophic component of the EHF convergence is as important as its geostrophic component for the surface ocean heat budget over the ACC. In particular, the ageostrophic meridional EHF convergence accounts for 22% of the warming needed to balance the cooling from the mean flows during winter, equivalent to warming the surface ocean of the ACC by 0.14°C. The ageostrophic meridional EHF is likely caused by the stirring effect of ageostrophic secondary circulations in mesoscale eddies, which are induced by the turbulent thermal wind balance to restore the vertical shear of the upper layer in mesoscale eddies destructed by intense winter winds.
Association Between Serum Albumin and the Length of Hospital Stay Among Patients With Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Pokhrel Bhattarai Sunita , Dzikowicz Dillon J. , Carey Mary G. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Albumin plays a vital role in improving osmotic pressure and hemodynamics. A lower serum albumin level may cause pulmonary congestion and edema and contribute to myocardial dysfunction, diuresis resistance, and fluid retention in acute heart failure. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that AHF patients with normal serum albumin have shorter hospital stays. Methods: Using Electronic Medical Records, patients admitted from May 2020 through May 2021 aged >18, ICD-10, and positive Framingham Heart Failure Diagnostic Criteria were included. We excluded patients without albumin records and eGFRs less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Prolonged hospitalization was defined as >8 days of hospitalization. Results: During index emergency department visits, patients were symptomatic (New York Heart Association), aged median of 70 years (Interquartile range (IQR) 18), 59% ( n = 103) were male, predominantly White (73%, n = 128), and had a high Charleston Comorbidity index score [5, IQR (4–7)]. Nearly one-fourth (23%, n = 41) of the patients had <3.5 g/dL albumin levels. The median length of hospital stay was eight days (IQR of 11). Comparing differences between lengths of hospital stays (<8 vs. >8 days), there was different serum albumin (3.9 + 0.48 vs. 3.6 + 0.53, p < .001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (45% (range 26–63) versus 30% (range 24–48), p = .004). An increased serum albumin decreased prolonged hospitalization (odds ratio (OR), 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14–0.55, p = <0.001). Patients in the lower albumin group had higher NT-proBNP (median: 8521 (range 2025–9134) versus 5147 (range 2966–14,795) pg/ml, p = .007) and delay in administering intravenous diuretics (391 (167–964) minutes versus 271 (range 157–533) minutes, p = .02). Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is strongly associated with prolonged hospitalization. Timely and effective diuretic therapy may reduce hospital stay durations, particularly with albumin supplementation.
Population pharmacokinetics and dose optimization of magnesium sulfate in Chinese preeclampsia population
Authors: Deng Jing , Peng Lan , Wang Yuwei , Li Jingjing , Tang Lian , Yu Yanxia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
To establish the population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)in women with preeclampsia (PE), and to determine the key covariates having an effect in magnesium pharmacokinetics in Chinese PE.

Methods
Pregnant women with PE prescribed MgSO4 were enrolled in this prospective study from April 2021 to April 2023. On the initial day of administration, the patients were administered a loading dose of 5 g in conjunction with 10 g of magnesium sulfate as a maintenance dose. On the second day, only the maintenance dose was administration, and maternal blood samples were taken at 0, 4, 5, and 12 h after the second day’s 10 g maintenance dose. The software Phoenix was used to estimate PPK parameters of MgSO4, such as clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V), and to model PPK models with patient demographic, clinical, and laboratory covariates.

Results
A total of 199 blood samples were collected from 51 women with PE and PPK profiles were analyzed. The PPK of MgSO4 is consistent with to a one-compartment model. The base model adequately described the maternal serum magnesium concentrations after magnesium administration. The population parameter estimates were as follows: CL was 2.98 L/h, V was 25.07 L. The model predictions changed significantly with covariates (BMI, creatinine clearance, and furosemide). Furosemide statistically influences V. The creatinine clearance, BMI and furosemide jointly affects CL. Monte Carlo simulation results showed that a loading dose combined with a maintenance dose would need to be administered daily to achieve the therapeutic blood magnesium concentrations. For the non-furosemide group, the optimal dosing regimen was a 5 g loading dose combined with a 10 g maintenance dose of MgSO4. For the furosemide group, the optimal dosing regimen was a 2.5 g loading dose combined with a 10 g maintenance dose of MgSO4.

Conclusions
The magnesium PPK model was successfully developed and evaluated in Chinese preeclampsia population, and the dose optimization of MgSO4 was completed through Monte Carlo simulation.
Double entrapment neuropathy of the ulnar nerve at the elbow and the wrist : double crush syndrome?
Authors: Kim Dong Hee , Shin Sung Jin , Park Jun Yong , Lee Sang Hyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDouble crush syndrome refers to a nerve in the proximal region being compressed, affecting its proximal segment. Instances of this syndrome involving ulnar and cubital canals during ulnar neuropathy are rare. Diagnosis solely through clinical examination is challenging. Although electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) can confirm neuropathy, they do not incorporate inching tests at the wrist, hindering diagnosis confirmation. We recently encountered eight cases of suspected double compression of ulnar nerve, reporting these cases along with a literature review.MethodsThe study included 5 males and 2 females, averaging 45.6 years old. Among them, 4 had trauma history, and preoperative McGowan stages varied. Ulnar neuropathy was confirmed in 7 cases at both cubital and ulnar canal locations. Surgery was performed for 4 cases, while conservative treatment continued for 3 cases.ResultsIn 4 cases with wrist involvement, 2 showed ulnar nerve compression by a fibrous band, and 1 had nodular hyperplasia. Another case displayed ulnar nerve swelling with muscle covering. Among the 4 surgery cases, 2 improved from preoperative McGowan stage IIB to postoperative stage 0, with significant improvement in subjective satisfaction. The remaining 2 cases improved from stage IIB to IIA, respectively, with moderate improvement in subjective satisfaction. In the 3 cases receiving conservative treatment, satisfaction was significant in 1 case and moderate in 2 cases. Overall, there was improvement in hand function across all 7 cases.ConclusionTypical outpatient examinations make it difficult to clearly differentiate the two sites, and EMG tests may not confirm diagnosis. Therefore, if a surgeon lacks suspicion of this condition, diagnosis becomes even more challenging. In cases with less than expected postoperative improvement in clinical symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome, consideration of double crush syndrome is warranted. Additional tests and detailed EMG tests, including inching tests at the wrist, may be necessary. We aim to raise awareness double crush syndrome with ulnar nerve, reporting a total of 7 cases to support this concept.
Transforming microbial pigment into therapeutic revelation: extraction and characterization of pyocyanin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its therapeutic potential as an antibacterial and anticancer agent
Authors: Marey Moustafa A. , Abozahra Rania , El-Nikhely Nefertiti A. , Kamal Miranda F. , Abdelhamid Sarah M. , El-Kholy Mohammed A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The objectives of the current study were to extract pyocyanin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates, characterize its chemical nature, and assess its biological activity against different bacteria and cancer cells. Due to its diverse bioactive properties, pyocyanin, being one of the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa, holds a promising, safe, and available therapeutic potential.

Methods
30 clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from different sources of infections and identified by routine methods, the VITEK 2 compact system, and 16 S rRNA. The phenazine-modifying genes (phzM, phzS) were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Pyocyanin chemical characterization included UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The biological activity of pyocyanin was explored by determining the MIC values against different clinical bacterial strains and assessing its anticancer activity against A549, MDA-MB-231, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines using cytotoxicity, wound healing and colony forming assays.

Results
All identified isolates harboured at least one of the phzM or phzS genes. The co-presence of both genes was demonstrated in 13 isolates. The UV-VIS absorbance peaks were maxima at 215, 265, 385, and 520 nm. FTIR could identify the characteristic pyocyanin functional groups, whereas both GC-MS and LC-MS elucidated the chemical formula C11H18N2O2, with a molecular weight 210. The quadri-technical analytical approaches confirmed the chemical nature of the extracted pyocyanin. The extract showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with the greatest activity against Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus species (MICs 31.25–125 µg/mL), followed by E. coli isolates (MICs 250–1000 µg/mL). Regarding the anticancer activity, the pyocyanin extract showed IC50 values against A549, MDA-MB-231, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines of 130, 105, and 187.9 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, pyocyanin has markedly suppressed colony formation and migratory abilities in these cells.

Conclusions
The extracted pyocyanin has demonstrated to be a potentially effective candidate against various bacterial infections and cancers. Hence, the current findings could contribute to producing this natural compound easily through an affordable method. Nonetheless, future studies are required to investigate pyocyanin’s effects in vivo and analyse the results of combining it with other traditional antibiotics or anticancer drugs.
Decoding temporal heterogeneity in NSCLC through machine learning and prognostic model construction
Authors: Cheng Junpeng , Xiao Meizhu , Meng Qingkang , Zhang Min , Zhang Denan , Liu Lei , Jin Qing , Fu Zhijin , Li Yanjiao , Chen Xiujie , Xie Hongbo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent and heterogeneous disease with significant genomic variations between the early and advanced stages. The identification of key genes and pathways driving NSCLC tumor progression is critical for improving the diagnosis and treatment outcomes of this disease.

Methods
In this study, we conducted single-cell transcriptome analysis on 93,406 cells from 22 NSCLC patients to characterize malignant NSCLC cancer cells. Utilizing cNMF, we classified these cells into distinct modules, thus identifying the diverse molecular profiles within NSCLC. Through pseudotime analysis, we delineated temporal gene expression changes during NSCLC evolution, thus demonstrating genes associated with disease progression. Using the XGBoost model, we assessed the significance of these genes in the pseudotime trajectory. Our findings were validated by using transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), supplemented via LASSO regression to refine the selection of characteristic genes. Subsequently, we established a risk score model based on these genes, thus providing a potential tool for cancer risk assessment and personalized treatment strategies.

Results
We used cNMF to classify malignant NSCLC cells into three functional modules, including the metabolic reprogramming module, cell cycle module, and cell stemness module, which can be used for the functional classification of malignant tumor cells in NSCLC. These findings also indicate that metabolism, the cell cycle, and tumor stemness play important driving roles in the malignant evolution of NSCLC. We integrated cNMF and XGBoost to select marker genes that are indicative of both early and advanced NSCLC stages. The expression of genes such as CHCHD2, GAPDH, and CD24 was strongly correlated with the malignant evolution of NSCLC at the single-cell data level. These genes have been validated via histological data. The risk score model that we established (represented by eight genes) was ultimately validated with GEO data.

Conclusion
In summary, our study contributes to the identification of temporal heterogeneous biomarkers in NSCLC, thus offering insights into disease progression mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. The developed workflow demonstrates promise for future applications in clinical practice.
An innovative visual approach to the simultaneous study of two dimensions of progress in longevity: an application to French and German regions
Authors: Bonnet Florian , Klüsener Sebastian , Meslé France , Mühlichen Michael , Grigoriev Pavel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Both enhancing life expectancy and decreasing inequalities in lifespan between social groups are significant goals for public policy. To date, however, methodological tools to study progress in both dimensions simultaneously have been lacking. There is also a consensus that absolute and relative inequalities in lifespan must be studied together.

Methods
We introduce a novel graphical representation that combines national mortality rates with both absolute and relative measures of social inequality in mortality. To illustrate our approach, we analyze French and German data stratified by place of residence.

Results
For all-age mortality, in France we find a steady pace of decline in both mortality and in regional inequalities in mortality over recent decades. In Germany, substantial progress was made in the 1990s, mostly driven by convergence between eastern and western Germany, followed by a period of slower progress. Age-specific analyses for Germany reveal a worrying divergence in regional trends at ages 35–74 in recent years, which is particularly pronounced among women.

Conclusion
Our novel visual approach offers a way to simultaneously examine two dimensions of progress in longevity, and facilitates meaningful comparisons between populations, even when their current mortality rates differ. The applied methods can be easily reproduced in any country for which long-term mortality series stratified by region, or any relevant socioeconomic characteristic, are available. It is useful for both scientific analysis and policy advice.