bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Callous‐unemotional traits and pre‐ejection period in response to reward
Authors: Chen Frances R. , Nowak Montana K. , French Katherine M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCallous‐unemotional (CU) traits have important utility in distinguishing individuals exhibiting more severe and persistent antisocial behavior, and our understanding of reward processing and CU traits contributes to behavioral modification. However, research on CU traits often investigated reward alongside punishment and examined solely on average reward reactivity, neglecting the reward response pattern over time such as habituation. This study assessed individuals' pre‐ejection period (PEP), a sympathetic nervous system cardiac‐linked biomarker with specificity to reward, during a simple reward task to investigate the association between CU traits and both average reward reactivity and reward response pattern over time (captured as responding trajectory). A heterogeneous sample of 126 adult males was recruited from a major metropolitan area in the US. Participants reported their CU traits using the Inventory of Callous‐Unemotional Traits and completed a simple reward task while impedance cardiography and electrocardiogram were recorded to derive PEP. The results revealed no significant association between average PEP reward reactivity and CU traits. However, CU traits predicted both linear and quadratic slopes of the PEP reactivity trajectory: individuals with higher CU traits had slower habituation initially, followed by a rapid habituation in later blocks. Findings highlight the importance of modeling the trajectory of PEP reward response when studying CU traits. We discussed the implications of individuals with high CU traits having the responding pattern of slower initial habituation followed by rapid habituation to reward and the possible mechanisms.
First‐in‐human use of a new robotic electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopic platform with integrated Tool‐in‐Lesion Tomosynthesis (TiLT) technology for peripheral pulmonary lesions: The FRONTIER study
Authors: Saghaie Tajalli , Williamson Jonathan P. , Phillips Martin , Kafili Dona , Sundar Sarika , Hogarth D. Kyle , Ing Alvin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAs the presentation of pulmonary nodules increases, the importance of a safe and accurate method of sampling peripheral pulmonary nodules is highlighted. First‐generation robotic bronchoscopy has successfully assisted navigation and improved peripheral reach during bronchoscopy. Integrating tool‐in‐lesion tomosynthesis (TiLT) may further improve yield.MethodsWe performed a first‐in‐human clinical trial of a new robotic electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy system with integrated digital tomosynthesis technology (Galaxy System, Noah Medical). Patients with moderate‐risk peripheral pulmonary nodules were enrolled in the study. Robotic bronchoscopy was performed using electromagnetic navigation with TiLT‐assisted lesion guidance. Non‐specific results were followed up until either a clear diagnosis was achieved or repeat radiology at 6 months demonstrated stability.ResultsEighteen patients (19 nodules) were enrolled. The average lesion size was 20 mm, and the average distance from the pleura was 11.6 mm. The target was successfully reached in 100% of nodules, and the biopsy tool was visualized inside the target lesion in all cases. A confirmed specific diagnosis was achieved in 17 nodules, 13 of which were malignant. In one patient, radiological monitoring confirmed a true non‐malignant result. This translates to a yield of 89.5% (strict) to 94.7% (intermediate). Complications included one pneumothorax requiring observation only and another requiring an overnight chest drain. There was one case of severe pneumonia following the procedure.ConclusionIn this first‐in‐human study, second‐generation robotic bronchoscopy using electromagnetic navigation combined with integrated digital tomosynthesis was feasible with an acceptable safety profile and demonstrated a high diagnostic yield for small peripheral lung nodules.image
A literature review: Mathematics vocabulary intervention for students with mathematics difficulty
Authors: Lariviere Danielle O. , Arsenault Tessa L. , Payne S. Blair 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper details a literature review of mathematics vocabulary intervention studies for students with mathematics difficulty. The primary aim was to identify instructional practices that support mathematics vocabulary development. We conducted a database search to identify mathematics intervention studies either focused exclusively on vocabulary or with an embedded vocabulary component. Ultimately, 13 studies with participants from kindergarten to Grade 8 were included in the review. The majority of included studies had dual foci on vocabulary and other mathematics content, including whole number computation, word problem solving, fractions, algebra, or geometry. All studies that measured mathematics vocabulary performance indicated positive student outcomes. In addition, multiple studies indicated positive effects on measures of other mathematics content beyond mathematics vocabulary knowledge. We noted six instructional practices across studies that bolstered the mathematics vocabulary performance of students with mathematics difficulty. From most to least common, these practices included formal vocabulary use, explicit instruction, use of representations, repeated exposures, pre‐teaching, and graphic organizers. Implications are addressed for both researchers and practitioners.
Transfusion support and pre‐transfusion testing in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Authors: Binsfeld Marilène , Devey Anaïs , Gothot André 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAutoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is characterized by an increased destruction of red blood cells due to immune dysfunction and auto‐antibody production. Clinical manifestations are mainly related to anaemia, which can become life‐threatening in case of acute haemolysis. Aiming at counterbalancing severe anaemia, supportive treatments for these patients frequently include transfusions. Unfortunately, free serum auto‐antibodies greatly interfere in pre‐transfusion testing, and the identification of compatible red blood cell units for AIHA patients can be challenging or even impossible. Problems faced in pre‐transfusion testing often lead to delay or abandonment of transfusions for AIHA patients. In this review, we discuss publications concerning global transfusion management in AIHA, with a focus on pre‐transfusion testing, and practical clues to manage the selection of transfusion units for these patients. Depending on the degree of transfusion emergency, we propose an algorithm for the selection and laboratory testing of units to be transfused to AIHA patients.
From Material Selection to Structural Topology Optimization: Sustainable Product Design Based on Carbon Footprint Allocation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zheng Yu , Feng Jiale 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Climate change and the continuous increase of greenhouse gas concentration have a great impact on the human economy and society. Dozens of countries and regions have proposed the climate goal of “zero carbon” or “carbon neutrality.” Therefore, how to make products low carbon has become a trend in product design. This study proposes a low-carbon optimization method based on carbon footprint allocation for products, which can be used to solve the problem of overall product low-carbon optimization and selection of key parts. The first contribution is to build a product carbon footprint analysis model and propose an element-based carbon footprint allocation method. The second contribution is to propose a low-carbon material selection method based on comprehensive carbon emissions, economic cost, and material density and to propose a structural topology optimization method on force condition and carbon emission reduction timeliness. The third contribution is to use force analysis and manufacturing process simulation to ensure the feasibility of the optimization scheme. Finally, a product life cycle carbon emission reduction scheme for high-carbon parts is formed, which takes into account the emission reduction time constraint, comprehensive carbon emissions, economy, mechanical properties, and manufacturability. For illustration, taking a dishwasher product as an example, the results show that the proposed method can effectively identify parts with high-carbon footprint and reduce the carbon footprint.
Design and Analysis of a New Deployable Articulated Mast Mechanism With Two-Dimensional Deploying-Folding Motion
Authors: Cheng Peng , Cao Wen-ao , Wang Tianlong , Chen Guodong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A traditional deployable articulated mast mechanism can only provide one-dimensional (1D) deploying-folding motion. This paper aims to investigate the design and analysis of a novel deployable articulated mast mechanism with two-dimensional (2D) deploying-folding motion. First, the topological motion of deployable mast mechanisms that can provide 2D deploying-folding motion is analyzed, and a potential rectangular prism linkage unit is presented to construct single degree-of-freedom (DOF) deployable mast mechanisms with 2D deploying-folding motion. Second, the kinematics of the new deployable mast mechanism is established based on its structural symmetry and modular features. Third, the deploying dynamics of the new mechanism are built based on the Lagrange equation. Fourth, the deployed/folded ratio, interference, and singularity of the new mechanism are analyzed. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis, and a physical prototype is developed to show the fabrication feasibility of the new deployable mechanism. Compared with the traditional counterparts with 1D deploying-folding motion, the new deployable mast mechanism has a larger deployed/folded ratio, which has a good application prospect in space missions to support solar arrays, magnetometers, cameras, and antennas.
Improving the Step Response of Flexible Systems in the Presence of Real Nonminimum Phase Zeros
Authors: Rath Siddharth , Radgolchin Moeen , Awtar Shorya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is well known that real nonminimum phase (RNMP) zeros impose a tradeoff between the settling time and undershoot in the step response of flexible systems. Existing methods to alleviate this tradeoff predominantly rely on various advanced control strategies without delving into a broader mechatronic approach that combines physical system and control system design. To address this gap, this article proposes a proportional viscous damping-based physical system design in combination with feedback control and prefilter design. First, the effect of proportional viscous damping on RNMP zeros of flexible systems is established to propose a damping strategy that pushes all the RNMP zeros further away from the imaginary axis. Then, a step-by-step mechatronic system design process is presented to apply this damping strategy along with a full-state feedback control strategy and prefilter to a multi-degree-of-freedom (DoF) flexible system. The application of this design process yields simultaneous improvement in the settling time and undershoot in the step response of this flexible system.
Sirtulin–Ypk1 regulation axis governs the TOR signaling pathway and fungal pathogenicity in
Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Chai Zhenghua , Li Yanjian , Zhang Jing , Ding Chen , Tong Xiujuan , Zhang Zhijie 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcus neoformans
is a life-threatening fungal pathogen that is a causative agent for pulmonary infection and meningoencephalitis in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals. Recent studies have elucidated the important function of the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in the modulation of
C. neoformans
virulence factor production and pathogenicity in animal infection models. Herein, we discovered that Ypk1, a critical component of the TOR signaling pathway, acts as a critical modulator in fungal pathogenicity through post-translational modifications (PTMs). Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Ypk1 is subject to protein acetylation at lysines 315 and 502, and both sites are located within kinase functional domains. Inhibition of the
C. neoformans
TOR pathway by rapamycin activates the deacetylation process for Ypk1. The
YPK1Q
strain, a hyper-acetylation of Ypk1, exhibited increased sensitivity to rapamycin, decreased capsule formation ability, reduced starvation tolerance, and diminished fungal pathogenicity, indicating that deacetylation of Ypk1 is crucial for responding to stress. Deacetylase inhibition assays have shown that sirtuin family proteins are critical to the Ypk1 deacetylation mechanism. After screening deacetylase mutants, we found that Dac1 and Dac7 directly interact with Ypk1 to facilitate the deacetylation modification process via a protein–protein interaction. These findings provide new insights into the molecular basis for regulating the TORC–Ypk1 axis and demonstrate an important function of protein acetylation in modulating fungal pathogenicity.

IMPORTANCE

Cryptococcus neoformans
is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen in humans. While there are currently few effective antifungal treatments, the absence of novel molecular targets in fungal pathogenicity hinders the development of new drugs. There is increasing evidence that protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) can modulate the pathogenicity of fungi. In this study, we discovered that the pathogenicity of
C. neoformans
was significantly impacted by the dynamic acetylation changes of Ypk1, the immediate downstream target of the TOR complex. We discovered that Ypk1 is acetylated at lysines 315 and 502, both of which are within kinase functional domains. Deacetylation of Ypk1 is necessary for formation of the capsule structure, the response to the TOR pathway inhibitor rapamycin, nutrient utilization, and host infection. We also demonstrate that the sirtuin protein family is involved in the Ypk1 deacetylation mechanism. We anticipate that the sirtuin–Ypk1 regulation axis could be used as a potential target for the development of antifungal medications.
PDCD4 as a marker of mTOR pathway activation and therapeutic target in mycobacterial infections
Authors: Paroha Ruchi , Wang Jia , Lee Sunhee 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) is instrumental in regulating a range of cellular processes such as translation, apoptosis, signal transduction, and inflammatory responses. There is a notable inverse correlation between PDCD4 and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is integral to cellular growth control. Activation of mTOR is associated with the degradation of PDCD4. Although the role of PDCD4 is well established in oncogenesis and immune response regulation, its function in mycobacterial infections and its interplay with the mTOR pathway necessitate further elucidation. This study investigates the modulation of PDCD4 expression in the context of mycobacterial infections, revealing a consistent pattern of downregulation across diverse mycobacterial species. This observation underscores the potential utility of PDCD4 as a biomarker for assessing mTOR pathway activation during such infections. Building on this finding, we employed a novel approach using PDCD4-based mTOR (Tor)-signal-indicator (TOSI) reporter cells for the high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs, focusing on mTOR inhibitors. This methodology facilitated the identification of several agents, inclusive of known mTOR inhibitors, which upregulated PDCD4 expression and concurrently exhibited efficacy in impeding mycobacterial proliferation within macrophages. These results not only reinforce the significance of PDCD4 as a pivotal marker in the understanding of infectious diseases, particularly mycobacterial infections, but also illuminate its potential in the identification of mTOR inhibitors, thereby contributing to the advancement of therapeutic strategies.

IMPORTANCE
This study emphasizes the critical role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in macrophage responses to mycobacterial infections, elucidating how mycobacteria activate mTOR, resulting in PDCD4 degradation. The utilization of the (Tor)-signal-indicator (TOSI) vector for real-time monitoring of mTOR activity represents a significant advancement in understanding mTOR regulation during mycobacterial infection. These findings deepen our comprehension of mycobacteria's innate immune mechanisms and introduce PDCD4 as a novel marker for mTOR activity in infectious diseases. Importantly, this research laid the groundwork for high-throughput screening of mTOR inhibitors using FDA-approved drugs, offering the potential for repurposing treatments against mycobacterial infections. The identification of drugs that inhibit mTOR activation opens new avenues for host-directed therapies, marking a significant step forward in combating tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases.
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of
Enterococcus faecalis
isolates from periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Haeberle Amanda L. , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E. , Zar Sarah , Johnson Stephen , Patel Robin , Willett Julia L. E. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Over 2.5 million prosthetic joint implantation surgeries occur annually in the United States. Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), though occurring in only 1–2% of patients receiving replacement joints, are challenging to diagnose and treat and are associated with significant morbidity. The Gram-positive bacterium
Enterococcus faecalis
, which can be highly antibiotic-resistant and is a robust biofilm producer on indwelling medical devices, accounts for 2–11% of PJIs.
E. faecalis
PJIs are understudied compared to those caused by other pathogens, such as
Staphylococcus aureus
. This motivates the need to generate a comprehensive understanding of
E. faecalis
PJIs to guide future treatments for these infections. To address this, we describe a panel of
E. faecalis
strains isolated from the surface of prosthetic joints in a cohort of individuals treated at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. Here, we present the first complete genome assemblage of
E. faecalis
PJI isolates. Comparative genomics shows differences in genome size, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmids, and prophages, underscoring the genetic diversity of these strains. These isolates have strain-specific differences in
in vitro
biofilm biomass, biofilm burden, and biofilm morphology. We measured robust changes in biofilm architecture and aggregation for all isolates when grown in simulated synovial fluid (SSF). Finally, we evaluated the antibiotic efficacy of these isolates and found strain-specific changes across all strains when grown in SSF. Results of this study highlight the existence of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity among
E. faecalis
PJI isolates which will provide valuable insight and resources for future
E. faecalis
PJI research.

IMPORTANCE

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) affect ~1–2% of those who undergo joint replacement surgery.
Enterococcus faecalis
is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that causes ~10% of PJIs in the United States each year, but our understanding of how and why
E. faecalis
causes PJIs is limited.
E. faecalis
infections are typically biofilm-associated and can be difficult to clear with antibiotic therapy. Here, we provide complete genomes for four
E. faecalis
PJI isolates from the Mayo Clinic. These isolates have strain-specific differences in biofilm formation, aggregation, and antibiotic susceptibility in simulated synovial fluid. These results provide important insight into the genomic and phenotypic features of
E. faecalis
isolates from PJI.
PM-profiler: a high-resolution and fast tool for taxonomy annotation of amplicon-based microbiome
Authors: Shi Haobo , Hou Guosen , Jiang Sikai , Su Xiaoquan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Amplicon sequencing stands as a cornerstone in microbiome profiling, yet concerns persist regarding its resolution and accuracy. The enhancement of reference databases and annotations marks a new era for 16S rRNA-based profiling. Capitalizing on this potential, we introduce PM-profiler, a novel tool for profiling amplicon short reads. PM-profiler is implemented by C++-based advanced algorithms, such as pre-allocated hash for reference construction, hybrid and dynamic short-read matching, big-data-guided dual-mode hierarchical taxonomy annotation strategy, and full-procedure parallel computing. This tool delivers species-level resolution and ultrafast speed for large-scale microbiomes, surpassing alignment-based approaches and the Naïve-Bayesian model. Furthermore, recognizing the global uneven distribution of microbes, we delineate optimal annotation strategies for each sampling habitat based on microbial patterns over 270,000 microbiomes. Integrated with the established workflow of Parallel-Meta Suite and the latest curated reference databases, this endeavor offers a swift and dependable solution for high-precision microbiome surveys.

IMPORTANCE
Our study introduces PM-profiler, a new tool that deciphers the complexity of microbial communities. With advanced algorithms, flexible annotation strategies, and well-organized big-data, PM-profiler provides a faster and more accurate way to study on microbiomes, paving the way for discoveries that could improve our understanding of microbiomes and their impact on the world.
Fifteen-minute consultation: a guide to paediatric major haemorrhage
Authors: Karageorgos Spyridon , Ren Dennis , Ranaweera Melanie , Casey Sean , Solan Tom , Hibberd Owen , Hall Dani 
Published: June 2024

Major trauma is a principal cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Severe haemorrhage is the second-leading cause of death in paediatric trauma, preceded by traumatic brain injury. Major haemorrhage protocols (MHPs), also known as ‘code red’ and ‘massive transfusion protocols’, are used to make large volumes of blood products rapidly available. Most recommendations for paediatric MHPs are extrapolated from adult data because of a lack of large, high-quality, prospective paediatric studies. However, applying adult data in a paediatric context requires caution due to differences in injury mechanisms and physiological responses between adults and children. Since major haemorrhage is a high-acuity low-occurrence event, MHP requires effective training, collaboration and communication among a large multidisciplinary team.In this 15-minute consultation, we provide an evidence-based synthesis of the management principles of paediatric major haemorrhage.