bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Studies toward the CD Spiroketal of Spongistatins
Authors: Favre Sylvain , Gerber‐Lemaire Sandrine , Vogel Pierre 
Published: February 2010

AbstractStarting from the readily availablemeso‐1,1′‐methylenebis(8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐6‐en‐3‐one) (1),meso‐1,1′‐methylenebis[(4R,4′S,6R,6′S)‐4,6‐dioxycyclohept‐1‐en‐1‐yl]tetrasilyl ethers7and8were obtained and transformed into all‐syn1,3,5,11,13,15‐hexahydroxypentadeca‐7,9‐dione derivatives9and10. The conversion of these intermediates into spiroketals was not successful. An alternative strategy based on thesequential and stereoselective functionalization of1afforded a 1‐(2,4,6,8‐tetrahydroxyoctyl)cyclohept‐1‐ene‐4,6‐diol derivative [(+)‐15, 94 %ee]. Ozonolysis of the cycloheptene moiety of (+)‐19provided the equatorial/axial spiroketal (+)‐21. Pivaloylation of its primary alcohol moiety and Meerwein methylation of the remaining secondary alcohol unit furnished (–)‐24, a potential precursor of the ketal isomer of the CD fragment found in spongistatins 1 and 2.
Effect of Lower‐Rim Alkylation of p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene on the Thermodynamics of Host–Guest Complexation
Authors: Cui Jie , Uzunova Vanya D. , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Wang Kui , Nau Werner M. , Liu Yu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe complex stability constants (KS) and thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° and TΔS°) for the 1:1 complexation of two water‐soluble calixarenes, p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4A) and 5,11,17,23‐tetrasulfonato‐25,26,27,28‐tetrakis(n‐butyl)calix[4]arene (SC4A‐Bu), with organic ammonium cations and neutral spherical organic molecules, have been determined by means of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in aqueous solutions at 298.15 K. The obtained results indicate that, upon complexation with these guests by SC4A‐Bu, the enthalpy changes become less favorable, whereas the entropy changes become more favorable relative to SC4A complexation. These differences can be attributed to differential degrees of desolvation and removal of high‐energy water as well as the change in conformation or conformational degrees of freedom upon complexation. The calorimetric investigations, accompanied by 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography provide a thermodynamic explanation for the different complexation behavior of SC4A and SC4A‐Bu towards charged and neutral organic guests. Binding ability and molecular selectivity are discussed from the viewpoint of the conformational geometry and electronic properties of hosts and guests.
Emotional support, negative interaction and DSM IV lifetime disorders among older African Americans: findings from the national survey of American life (NSAL)
Authors: Lincoln Karen D. , Taylor Robert Joseph , Bullard Kai McKeever , Chatters Linda M. , Woodward Amanda Toler , Himle Joseph A. , Jackson James S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectivesBoth emotional support and negative interaction with family members have been linked to mental health. However, few studies have examined the associations between emotional support and negative interaction and psychiatric disorders in late life. This study investigated the relationship between emotional support and negative interaction on lifetime prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders among older African Americans.DesignThe analyses utilized the National Survey of American Life.MethodsLogistic regression and negative binomial regression analyses were used to examine the effect of emotional support and negative interaction with family members on the prevalence of lifetime DSM‐IV mood and anxiety disorders.ParticipantsData from 786 African Americans aged 55 years and older were used.MeasurementThe DSM‐IV World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH‐CIDI) was used to assess mental disorders. Three dependent variables were investigated: the prevalence of lifetime mood disorders, the prevalence of lifetime anxiety.ResultsMultivariate analysis found that emotional support was not associated with any of the three dependent variables. Negative interaction was significantly and positively associated with the odds of having a lifetime mood disorder, a lifetime anxiety disorder and the number of lifetime mood and anxiety disorders.ConclusionsThis is the first study to investigate the relationships among emotional support, negative interaction with family members and psychiatric disorders among older African Americans. Negative interaction was a risk factor for mood and anxiety disorders among older African Americans, whereas emotional support was not significant. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arsenic adsorption on Ti‐pillared montmorillonite
Authors: Na Ping , Jia Xiumin , Yuan Bin , Li Yuan , Na Jiyu , Chen Yuchen , Wang Linshuang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Arsenic pollution in drinking water has been found in most countries. Arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) are two major forms of inorganic arsenic species, and the latter is the more toxic. The removal of arsenic ions from water has attracted increased attention, and therefore further understanding and development of techniques for removal of arsenic ions are required.RESULTS: Adsorption of arsenate and arsenite from aqueous solutions using Ti‐pillared montmorillonite (Ti‐MMT) was investigated as a function of contact time, pH, temperature, coexisting ions, and ionic strength. The adsorption of both arsenate and arsenite were temperature and pH dependent, indicating different adsorption mechanisms. The effect of coexisting ions on the adsorption was also studied and, among the ions investigated, only phosphate had a noticeable influence on the adsorption of arsenate, while the effect of other ions was negligible. A pseudo‐second‐order chemical reaction model was obtained for both arsenate and arsenite; adsorption isotherms of arsenate and arsenite fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models well. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the nature of surface elements before and after adsorption.CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates that Ti‐pillared montmorillonite is an efficient material for the removal of arsenate and arsenite from aqueous solutions. Experimental parameters such as contact time, solution pH, temperature, initial concentration, coexisting ions, and ionic strength have been optimized. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of ion pair association upon the 1H NMR spectra of cationic complexes akin to Grubbs catalysts
Authors: Schiemenz Günter Paulus 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA reconsideration of the 1H NMR spectra of cationic transition metal complexes exhibiting the features of cyclophanes on the basis of Mislow's classification of topic groups arrives at the conclusion that the spectral changes triggered by chiral counterions reflect an intracationic diastereotopication of enantiotopic protons rather than the existence of pairs of long‐lived diastereomeric ion pairs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inaktive Kinasekonformationen stabilisieren
Authors: Rauh Daniel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractKinaseinhibitoren bekämpfen gezielt Krebs, der durch fehlregulierte Proteinkinasen entsteht. Außerdem dienen sie der chemischen Biologie als leistungsfähige Sondenmoleküle, um Proteinfunktionen auf zellulärer Ebene zu erforschen.
Zwischen molekularem Werkzeug und medizinischer Anwendung
Authors: Brodmann Tobias , Díaz Gómez Nina , Kalesse Markus 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMyxobakterien produzieren eine Reihe potenziell nützlicher Naturstoffe für die medizinische Chemie, etwa die Chivosazole als Inhibitoren der Aktin‐Polymerisation oder Argyrine als Inhibitoren des Proteasoms.
Mehr Verfahrenseffizienz in der pharmazeutischen Industrie
Authors: Jablonsky Catherine , Schofield Russell 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDie Software Aspenone koordiniert in Forschung und Entwicklung getrennte Gruppen, die am selben Projekt arbeiten. Sie bindet die Prozessentwicklung in die Unternehmensabläufe ein und unterstützt Verfahren wie automatische Chargenfreigaben oder Prozessanalysen.
Emissionen aus Polymeren messen
Authors: Reingruber Eva , Reussner Jens , Sauer Christian , Standler Alexander , Buchberger Wolfgang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOb sich ein Kunststoff für eine Anwendung, etwa im Innenraum eines Autos, eignet, hängt auch davon ab, welche Substanzen er ausgast. Diese Emissionen lassen sich gaschromatographisch analysieren. Dafür eignen sich die statische Headspace‐ und die Thermodesorptions‐Gaschromatographie.
Evaluation of lufenuron as a chemosterilant against fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Moya Pilar , Flores Salvador , Ayala Ildefonso , Sanchis Juan , Montoya Pablo , Primo Jaime 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chemosterilisation with lufenuron bait stations is a recently developed technique that is being implemented for Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann control. The aim of this work was to evaluate the chemosterilising effect of lufenuron against four economically important Latin American fruit flies species: Anastrepha ludens (Loew.), A. obliqua Macquart, A. serpentina Wiedemann and A. striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) in order to design a similar strategy for their control.RESULTS: Sexually mature adults were treated by ingestion with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 30.0 mg g−1 of lufenuron in the diet. In addition, conspecific crosses with only one of the sexes being treated (30.0 mg g−1) were performed in order to appraise the contribution of each sex to the sterilising effect. In all cases, fecundity was not affected by the treatments, as opposed to fertility where all Anastrepha species studied were significantly affected, although to different extents. The conspecific crosses showed that treated males of A. ludens, A. obliqua and A. serpentina were not able to transmit the sterility to their respective untreated females. Only in the case of A. striata did crossing treated males with untreated females significantly reduced egg hatch.CONCLUSION: Although further investigations are required, the present results demonstrate that the use of lufenuron for controlling A. striata could be potentially viable. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Superconductor–insulator transition in two dimensions for neutral disorder
Authors: Gold A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe describe the superconductor–insulator transition in thin films via the model of a disorder Bose‐condensate (dirty boson model). Coulomb interaction due to charged carriers and a random potential described by a strength and a range (Gaussian disorder) are taken into account. Analytical and numerical results are presented for the transition point of the quantum‐phase transition in terms a microscopic model for the disorder. We compare with experimental results. Some comments are made concerning a two‐fluid model. The corresponding phase‐transition diagram is discussed.
Band structures of CeRu2(Si1−xGex)2 studied by resonant soft X‐ray ARPES
Authors: Okane Tetsuo , Ohkochi Takuo , Takeda Yukiharu , Fujimori Shin‐ichi , Yasui Akira , Saitoh Yuji , Yamagami Hiroshi , Fujimori Atsushi , Matsumoto Yuji , Sugi Motoki , Kimura Noriaki , Komatsubara Takemi , Aoki Haruyoshi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAngle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements were made in the Ce $3d \to 4f$ resonance energy region for the paramagnetic state of CeRu2Si2, CeRu2(Si0.82Ge0.18)2, and LaRu2Si2 to investigate a variation of band structures around the quantum critical point (QCP). The observed band structures are very similar between CeRu2Si2 and CeRu2(Si0.82Ge0.18)2. The results indicate that the Ce 4f electrons in the paramagnetic state have an itinerant character and participate in the formation of energy bands both in CeRu2Si2 and CeRu2(Si0.82Ge0.18)2, and the change of the band structures in the paramagnetic states should be continuous around the QCP of the CeRu2(Si1−xGex)2 system.
Factors that influence the accuracy of adolescent proxy reporting of parental characteristics: A research note
Authors: Ridolfo Heather , Maitland Aaron 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTSocioeconomic status (SES) is considered to be an important marker of physical, mental, and social outcomes. However, methods used to gather socioeconomic information vary widely in terms of both the indicators of SES used (e.g., education, occupation, income, etc.) and data collection strategies. In particular, studies of adolescents often rely on children's proxy reports of measures of parents' SES. There is disagreement in the literature regarding children's ability to reliably serve as proxy respondents for their parents. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative sample of adolescents and their parents, we assess the accuracy of children's proxy reports of mothers' education and receipt of public assistance. Results show that accuracy of children's proxy reports varies by children's age, gender, and race; however, social class largely accounts for race differences found.
Controllability of a string submitted to unilateral constraint
Authors: Ammar-Khodja Farid , Micu Sorin , Münch Arnaud 
Published: February 2010

This article studies the controllability property of a homogeneous linear string of length one, submitted to a time dependent obstacle (described by the function

\{\psi (t)\}_{0⩽t⩽T}

) located below the extremity

x = 1

. The Dirichlet control acts on the other extremity

x = 0

. The string is modelled by the wave equation

y''−y_{xx} = 0

in

(t,x) \in (0,T) \times (0,1)

, while the obstacle is represented by the Signorini's conditions

y(t,1)⩾\psi (t)

,

y_{x}(t,1)⩾0

,

y_{x}(t,1)(y(t,1)−\psi (t)) = 0

in

(0,T)

. The characteristic method and a fixed point argument allow to reduce the problem to the analysis of the solutions at

x = 1

. We prove that, for any

T > 2

and initial data

(y^{0},y^{1}) \in H^{1}(0,1) \times L^{2}(0,1)

with

\psi (0)⩽y^{0}(1)

, the system is null controllable with controls in

H^{1}(0,T)

. Two distinct approaches are used. We first introduce a penalized system in

y_{\epsilon }

, transforming the Signorini's condition into the simpler one

y_{\epsilon ,x}(t,1) = \epsilon ^{−1}[y_{\epsilon }(t,1)−\psi (t)]^{−}

,

ϵ

being a small positive parameter. We construct explicitly a family of controls of the penalized problem, uniformly bounded with respect to

ϵ

in

H^{1}(0,T)

. This enables us to pass to the limit and to obtain a control for the initial equation. A more direct approach, based on differential inequalities theory, leads to a similar positive conclusion. Numerical experiments complete the study.

Résumé

Cet article étudie les propriétés de contrôlabilité d'une corde homogène de longeur un, soumise à un obstacle dépendant du temps (décrit par la fonction

\{\psi (t)\}_{0⩽t⩽T}

) à l'extrémité

x = 1

. Le contrôle Dirichlet agit à l'extrémité

x = 0

. La corde est modélisée par l'équation des ondes

y''−y_{xx} = 0

dans

(t,x) \in (0,T) \times (0,1)

, tandis que l'obstacle est représenté par les conditions de Signorini

y(t,1)⩾\psi (t)

,

y_{x}(t,1)⩾0

,

y_{x}(t,1)(y(t,1)−\psi (t)) = 0

sur

(0,T)

. La méthode des caractéristiques et un argument de point fixe permettent de réduire le problème à l'analyse des solutions en

x = 1

. Nous prouvons que, pour tout

T > 2

et donnée initiale

(y^{0},y^{1}) \in H^{1}(0,1) \times L^{2}(0,1)

avec

\psi (0)⩽y^{0}(1)

, le système est contrôlable à zéro avec des contrôles dans

H^{1}(0,T)

. Deux approches sont utilisées. On introduit tout d'abord un système pénalisé en

y_{\epsilon }

, transformant les conditions de Signorini en l'égalité

y_{\epsilon ,x}(t,1) = \epsilon ^{−1}[y_{\epsilon }(t,1)−\psi (t)]^{−}

,

ϵ

étant un paramètre positif. On construit explicitement une famille de contrôle du problème pénalisé uniformément bornée par rapport à

ϵ

dans

H^{1}(0,T)

. Cela nous permet de passer à la limite et d'obtenir un contrôle pour le système initial. Une approche plus directe, relevant de la théorie des inéquations différentielles, conduit à un résultat positif similaire. Quelques applications numériques complètent l'étude.
Applying predator-prey theory to modelling immune-mediated, within-host interspecific parasite interactions
Authors: FENTON ANDY , PERKINS SARAH E. 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYPredator-prey models are often applied to the interactions between host immunity and parasite growth. A key component of these models is the immune system's functional response, the relationship between immune activity and parasite load. Typically, models assume a simple, linear functional response. However, based on the mechanistic interactions between parasites and immunity we argue that alternative forms are more likely, resulting in very different predictions, ranging from parasite exclusion to chronic infection. By extending this framework to consider multiple infections we show that combinations of parasites eliciting different functional responses greatly affect community stability. Indeed, some parasites may stabilize other species that would be unstable if infecting alone. Therefore hosts' immune systems may have adapted to tolerate certain parasites, rather than clear them and risk erratic parasite dynamics. We urge for more detailed empirical information relating immune activity to parasite load to enable better predictions of the dynamic consequences of immune-mediated interspecific interactions within parasite communities.
Organometallics in Environment and Toxicology
Authors: Thayer John S , Jenkins Richard O , Harrington Chris F , Ragsdale Stephen W , Dey Mishtu , Gajda Tamas , Abadin Henry G , Pohl Hana R , Reimer Kenneth J , Dopp Elke , Kligerman Andrew D , Diaz-Bone Roland A , Filella Montserrat , Wallschlager Dirk , Feldmann Jorg , Hintelmann Holger , Hirner Alfred V , Rettenmeier Albert V , Kraeutler Bernhard , Matthews Rowena G , Thauer Rudolf K , Lindahl Paul A , Camps Juan C Fontecilla , Peters John W , Brunold Thomas , Rivera Mario , Karlin Kenneth D , Sosa-Torres Martha E , Hille Russ 
Published: February 2010

This title is not available to purchase from Royal Society of Chemistry. Please visit www.bioinorganic-chemistry.org/mils for title information.

This volume, closely related to MILS-6, deals mainly with metal(loid)-alkyl derivatives but also with the rarer aryl compounds. Most of these (commonly toxic) compounds are formed in the environment by microorganisms, but some anthropogenic input occurs as well. MILS-7, providing a most up-to-date view, is of special relevance for researchers in analytical and bioinorganic chemistry, enzymology, environmental chemistry, physiology, toxicology, and related medical fields.
Estimating Attributable Mortality Due to Nosocomial Infections Acquired in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Januel Jean-Marie , Harbarth Stephan , Allard Robert , Voirin Nicolas , Lepape Alain , Allaouchiche Bernard , Guerin Claude , Lehot Jean-Jacques , Robert Marc-Olivier , Fournier Gérard , Jacques Didier , Chassard Dominique , Gueugniaud Pierre-Yves , Artru François , Petit Paul , Robert Dominique , Mohammedi Ismaël , Girard Raphaëlle , Cêtre Jean-Charles , Nicolle Marie-Christine , Grando Jacqueline , Fabry Jacques , Vanhems Philippe 
Published: February 2010

Background.The strength of the association between intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired nosocomial infections (NIs) and mortality might differ according to the methodological approach taken.Objective.TO assess the association between ICU-acquired NIs and mortality using the concept of population-attributable fraction (PAF) for patient deaths caused by ICU-acquired NIs in a large cohort of critically ill patients.Setting.Eleven ICUs of a French university hospital.Design.We analyzed surveillance data on ICU-acquired NIs collected prospectively during the period from 1995 through 2003. The primary outcome was mortality from ICU-acquired NI stratified by site of infection. A matched-pair, case-control study was performed. Each patient who died before ICU discharge was defined as a case patient, and each patient who survived to ICU discharge was denned as a control patient. The PAF was calculated after adjustment for confounders by use of conditional logistic regression analysis.Results.Among 8,068 ICU patients, a total of 1,725 deceased patients were successfully matched with 1,725 control Patients. The adjusted PAF due to ICU-acquired NI for patients who died before ICU discharge was 14.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.4%—14.8%). Stratified by the type of infection, the PAF was 6.1% (95% CI, 5.7%–6.5%) for pulmonary infection, 3.2% (95% CI, 2.8%–3.5%) for central venous catheter infection, 1.7% (95% CI, 0.9%–2.5%) for bloodstream infection, and 0.0% (95% CI, –0.4% to 0.4%) for urinary tract infection.Conclusions.ICU-acquired NI had an important effect on mortality. However, the statistical association between ICU-acquired NI and mortality tended to be less pronounced in findings based on the PAF than in study findings based on estimates of relative risk. Therefore, the choice of methods does matter when the burden of NI needs to be assessed.
Decreased likelihood of response to cardiac resynchronization in patients with severe heart failure
Authors: Vidal Bàrbara , Delgado Victoria , Mont Lluís , Poyatos Sílvia , Silva Etelvino , Ángeles Castel María , Tolosana José M. , Berruezo Antonio , Brugada Josep , Sitges Marta 
Published: February 2010

AimsWe hypothesized that a very advanced stage of dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with lower response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods and resultsA consecutive cohort of 147 patients was studied before device implantation and at 12 months follow‐up. All patients were in NYHA functional class III–IV and had left‐ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (LV ejection fraction 24 ± 7%) and a wide QRS (171 ± 29 ms). A patient who was alive without heart transplantation and had improved by at least 10% in the 6 min walking test at 12 months follow‐up was considered a clinical responder. Fifty‐four patients (36%) did not respond to CRT (15 cardiac deaths, 4 heart transplantations). Quality of life indicators (>41 points), LV end‐diastolic volumes (>200 mL) and mitral regurgitant orifice area (>16 mm2) at baseline were independent predictors of response to CRT. Patients were assigned 1 point for each predictive parameter. Patients with higher scores showed a significantly higher likelihood of non‐response to CRT (χ2 = 12 891, P = 0.005).ConclusionThe results show that non‐responder patients have a more advanced stage of the disease, which suggests that CRT should be indicated earlier in the disease process.