bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positioning of necrotic lobular intraepithelial neoplasias (LIN, grade 3) within the sequence of breast carcinoma progression
Authors: Boldt Vivien , Stacher Elvira , Halbwedl Iris , Popper Helmut , Hultschig Claus , Moinfar Farid , Ullmann Reinhard , Tavassoli Fattaneh A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLobular intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 3 (LIN3) is a recently recognized variant of intraepithelial lobular neoplasia (LIN) of the breast composed of either uniform, generally small cells with massive lobular distension, pleomorphic cells, signet‐ring cells, or any cell type with necrosis. In contrast to classic forms of LIN, there is no consensus on therapeutic strategies for LIN3. In part this is due to the paucity of molecular data that could assist in defining the relationship of LIN3 to classic LIN and carcinomas. In this study we have employed array comparative genomic hybridization to determine the patterns of chromosomal aberrations in nine LIN3 lesions. By comparison to array CGH data of 13 classic LIN lesions, we demonstrate that classic LIN and LIN3 share several recurrent changes, in particular gains of 1q and losses of 16q. Both aberrations are known to appear early in tumorigenesis and to be associated with good prognosis. However, apart from this overlap, there were a number of karyotypic features that were observed exclusively in LIN3. Clearly, this lesion was characterized by a significantly higher number of DNA copy number changes (9 vs. 31 on average), a considerable complexity of chromosomal rearrangements with more than 16 breakpoints in one chromosome and overlapping high copy amplifications encompassing a number of known oncogenes. Our data suggest that, at the genetic level, LIN3 represents a highly advanced lesion with considerable resemblance to carcinomas and, therefore, might represent the transition state from an intraepithelial neoplasm to breast carcinoma. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterogeneity in progenitor cell subtypes in the ventricular zone of the zebrafish adult telencephalon
Authors: März Martin , Chapouton Prisca , Diotel Nicolas , Vaillant Colette , Hesl Birgit , Takamiya Masanari , Lam Chen Sok , Kah Olivier , Bally‐Cuif Laure , Strähle Uwe 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe zebrafish has become a new model for adult neurogenesis, owing to its abundant neurogenic areas in most brain subdivisions. Radial glia‐like cells, actively proliferating cells, and label‐retaining progenitors have been described in these areas. In the telencephalon, this complexity is enhanced by an organization of the ventricular zone (VZ) in fast and slow‐dividing domains, suggesting the existence of heterogeneous progenitor types. In this work, we studied the expression of various transgenic or immunocytochemical markers for glial cells (gfap:gfp, cyp19a1b:gfp, BLBP, and S100β), progenitors (nestin:gfp and Sox2), and neuroblasts (PSA‐NCAM) in cycling progenitors of the adult zebrafish telencephalon (identified by expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), MCM5, or bromodeoxyuridine incorporation). We demonstrate the existence of distinct populations of dividing cells at the adult telencephalic VZ. Progenitors of the overall slow‐cycling domains express high levels of Sox2 and nestin:gfp as well as all glial markers tested. In contrast, domains with an overall fast division rate are characterized by low or missing expression of glial markers. PCNA‐positive cells in fast domains further display a morphology distinct from radial glia and co‐express PSA‐NCAM, suggesting that they are early neuronal precursors. In addition, the VZ contains cycling progenitors that express neither glial markers nor nestin:gfp, but are positive for Sox2 and PSA‐NCAM, identifying them as committed neuroblasts. On the basis of the marker gene expression and distinct cell morphologies, we propose a classification for the dividing cell states at the zebrafish adult telencephalic VZ. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role and therapeutic potential of monocytic cells in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Malm Tarja , Koistinaho Milla , Muona Anu , Magga Johanna , Koistinaho Jari 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a dementing neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. The abnormal parenchymal accumulation of β‐amyloid (Aβ) is associated with inflammatory reactions involving microglia and astrocytes. Increased levels of Aβ and Aβ deposition in the brain are thought to cause neuronal dysfunction and underlie dementia. Microglia, the brain resident cells of monocytic origin, have a potential ability to phagocytose Aβ but they also react to Aβ by increased production of proinflammatory toxic agents. Microglia originate from hemangioblastic mesoderm during early embryonic stages and from bone marrow (BM)‐derived monocytic cells that home the brain throughout the neonatal stage of development. Recent studies indicate that BM or blood‐derived monocytes are recruited to the diseased AD brain, associate with the Aβ depositions, and are more efficient phagocytes of Aβ compared with resident microglia. The clearance of Aβ deposition by these cells has been recently under intensive investigation and can occur through several different mechanisms. Importantly, peripheral monocytic cells of patients with AD appear to be deficient in clearing Aβ. This review will summarize the findings on the role of blood‐derived cells in AD and discuss their therapeutic potential for treating patients suffering from this devastating disease. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abnormal protein bands in patients with multiple myeloma after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: does it have a prognostic significance?
Authors: Sucak G , Suyanı E , Özkurt ZN , Yeğin ZA , Akı Z , Yagcı M 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAbnormal protein bands (APB) unrelated to the original monoclonal protein occasionally appear in serum immunofixation samples from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). To investigate the significance of APB, medical records and serum immunofixation patterns of 53 MM patients, who had undergone HCT (49 autologous and 4 allogeneic) at the stem cell transplantation unit of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, were reviewed. Patients were staged according to Durie–Salmon and International staging systems (ISS) and disease response was determined according to European Bone Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) criteria. Fourteen (26.4%) of the 53 patients developed APBs after HCT. The median time for the appearance and duration of APB was 3 (range 1–24) and 5.5 (range 1.5–14) months, respectively. Probability of overall survival (OS) at the end of the follow‐up was 77 and 61.4% in patients with and without APB, respectively (p = 0.334). The median duration of follow‐up (767 days (range, 220–2905) vs. 726 days (range, 120–1780) p = 0.545) was not different in patients with and without APB. Probability of progression free survival (PFS) at the end of follow‐up was 28.8% in patients with and 27.7% in patients without APB (p = 0.835). PFS (910 days (range 180–2905) vs. 730 days (range 90–1765) p = 0.835) was longer in patients with APB, though without statistical significance. Thus, the occurrence of APB post‐transplantation is not associated with any adverse long‐term consequences and does not require treatment modification. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of Macroinvertebrate Communities in Relation to Environmental Variables in a Subtropical Asian River System
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Xiong Jing , Qiu Jian‐Wen , Wu Jin‐Ming , Wang Jian‐Wei , Xie Zhi‐Cai 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSubtropical Asian rivers support a highly diverse array of benthic macroinvertebrates. Yet, their biodiversity and functionality has been poorly investigated. We choose the Chishui River system, one of the largest un‐dammed, first level branches upstream of the Yangtze River, China, to: 1) determine the spatial pattern of macroinvertebrate diversity and community structure, and 2) examine the influence of variables at local habitat and basin scales on the distribution of macroinvertebrate communities. Samples were collected from 43 sites in spring of 2007. After Canonical Correspondence Analysis, two basin and five habitat variables were found to be significant predictors of the macroinvertebrate community structure. Variance partitioning analysis showed that habitat physical variables had a greater influence than other environmental variables in macroinvertebrate community, which suggested that preserving habitat, especially upstream, should be strongly considered in biological conservation. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative Study of the Nymphal Biology of Two Coexisting Species of Mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in a Mediterranean Stream in Southern Europe
Authors: López‐Rodríguez Manuel Jesús , Figueroa José Manuel Tierno de , Alba‐Tercedor Javier 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe study the life history, nymphal feeding and secondary production of two leptophlebiid mayfly species (Habrophlebia eldae and Paraleptophlebia submarginata). They cohabit in a Mediterranean stream and present a very high niche overlap in terms of trophic resources. The life cycle was estimated using size‐frequency analysis of samples taken throughout a year. Both species have a similar but displaced period of the nymphal development. Secondary production was calculated by means of the size‐frequency method. Annual secondary production of P. submarginata is much higher than that of H. eldae (1.95 g DW m–2 year–1 vs. 0.17 g DW m–2 year–1), and presents a quite similar annual P/B ratio, but slightly higher in P. submarginata (6.97 in P. submarginata and 9.21 in H. eldae). The study of the gut contents revealed that they are mainly detritivores but, when larger they feed also on CPOM from leaves fallen in the stream. They present an almost total niche overlap in terms of food acquisition. However the previously mentioned shift in trophic resources utilization with size makes it possible that, because no similar size classes of each species are present at the same time, niche segregation exists between the two species. Though further studies are needed to confirm it, this could be the consequence of previous episodes of competition between them. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Natural UVR Does Not Affect Decomposition by Aquatic Hyphomycetes
Authors: Díaz Villanueva Verónica , Albariño Ricardo , Graça Manuel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe performed field and laboratory experiments to evaluate the effect of solar radiation (UVR and PAR) on leaf litter decomposition, fungal biomass and sporulation rates, in the Andean Patagonia, where high UVR levels are common. Leaves of Alnus glutinosa exposed to three treatments, normal radiation (PAR + UVR), protected from UVR and protected from total radiation (SHADE) by plastic films lost 31–37% of their mass. Leaves of Nothofagus pumilio lost 61–64% of their mass under the same conditions. For both leaf species, differences in mass losses among treatments were not statistically significant. Sporulation rates were significantly lower in the SHADE treatment. Fungal biomass accounted for 6.2 to 7.1% of leaf mass, without significant differences among treatments.In the laboratory, leaf discs of A. glutinosa colonized by single species of aquatic hyphomycetes (Articulospora tetracladia, Flagellospora curta or Lunulospora curvula) and exposed to or protected from UVR did not differ in mass loss and sporulation rates. Pure cultures of two fungal species grew at the same rates when exposed to light (PAR and PAR + UVR) or to the SHADE. In summary, we found no evidences that current high levels of UV radiation affect litter decomposition mediated by aquatic hyphomycetes. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Eutrophication on Flagellates Associated with Eichhornia crassipes: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Pereira Danielle Goeldner , da Silva Bianca Segovia Trevizan , Camargo Janielly Carvalho , Velho Luiz Felipe Machado , Pauleto Gustavo Mayer , Lansac‐Tôha Fábio Amodêo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe effects of nutrient enrichment on density, biomass and on the relative contribution of pigmented and heterotrophic flagellates to the total abundance of all flagellates associated with Eichhornia crassipes were evaluated through mesocosm experiments over 33 days. Two triplicate treatments (nitrogen and phosphorus addition and a control treatment) were colonized, producing six mesocosm systems. The only variable that showed significance was flagellate density. Density increased significantly with increased nutrient concentrations in both flagellate groups, suggesting the importance of bottom‐up control mechanisms. However, the time lag and the low magnitude response to density, as well as the lack of significant variation in biomass with respect to fertilization, suggested that a complex relationship is responsible for influencing the structure of flagellate communities associated with vegetation during nutrient enrichment in these food webs. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vertical Micro‐Zonation of Testate Amoebae and Ciliates in Peatland Waters in Relation to Potential Food Resources and Grazing Pressure
Authors: Mieczan Tomasz 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the community structure and vertical micro‐distribution of testate amoebae and ciliates in a raised bog in eastern Poland, as well as to assess the influence of potential food resources (Chl‐a, bacteria, heterotrophic flagellates) and predators (rotifers and copepods) on protozoa communities. Samples were taken from surface, bottom and interstitial waters. At each type of micro‐habitat and each sampling date water was sampled using a plexiglass corer or mini‐piezometers. Additionally, in order to evaluate grazing pressure, field enclosures were used in which metazoan abundance and composition was manipulated by size‐fractionation. Over experiments, metazoan populations shifted from dominance of rotifers to copepods. In the first experiment, with rotifers dominating, metazoa had only a modest predatory impact on the protozoa. In contrast, the second experiment, with copepods prevailing, demonstrated a clear top‐down control of the protozoa communities by metazoan. The density and biomass of protozoa significantly differed between the studied stations, with the lowest numbers in the interstitial water and the highest in the surface water. Surface sampling were dominated by mixotrophic taxa, whereas the deepest sampling level was characterized by increase in the proportion of bacterivore species. These differences between micro‐habitats may be due to differences in environmental conditions (food resources and grazing pressure). Ordination analysis revealed that bacteria can strongly regulate the abundance and taxonomic composition of protozoa in the bottom and interstitial waters. Metazoan predators could be the main regulators of protozoa communities in surface water. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin and cancer
Authors: Drutskaya Marina S. , Efimov Grigory A. , Kruglov Andrey A. , Kuprash Dmitry V. , Nedospasov Sergei A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInitially TNF has been discovered as an anti‐tumor factor, but it is now considered as one of the universal effectors of innate signaling implicating its key role in host defense and inflammation. Other physiological functions of TNF are primarily linked to organization of lymphoid tissues. TNF can exert deleterious effects on the organism when its local or systemic concentrations exceed certain levels. This is the main reason for the failure of TNF therapy in oncology. Moreover, in certain experimental models TNF to TNFRp55 signaling axis was found to play a pro‐tumorigenic role. On the other hand, anti‐TNF therapy proved to be beneficial in rheumatic and other autoimmune diseases. Taking into consideration the pivotal function of TNF in the immune system, it is obvious that such therapy cannot be entirely free of adverse effects including suppression of host defense and, possibly, predisposition to lymphomas. Lymphotoxins alpha and beta are the two related cytokines that exist in distinct trimeric forms which can signal through TNFR I and TNFR II, as well LTbetaR receptors, depending on the composition of the trimer. These signals have important functions in the development and homeostasis of the immune system. Importantly, there is a recently uncovered link between the LTalpha/LTbeta to LTbetaR signaling axis and cancer. Here we review the current status of the field with the focus on one particular issue: are TNF and lymphotoxins intrinsically anti‐cancer or pro‐tumorigenic. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(4): 283–289, 2010
The developmental reduction of the marsupial coracoid: A case study in Monodelphis domestica
Authors: Hubler Merla , Niswander Lee A. , Peters James , Sears Karen E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDuring their embryogenesis, marsupials develop a unique structure, the shoulder arch, which provides the structural and muscle‐attachment support necessary for the newborn's crawl to the teat. One of the most pronounced and important aspects of the shoulder arch is an enlarged coracoid. After marsupial newborns reach the teat, the shoulder arch is remodeled and the coracoid is reduced to a small process on the scapula. Although an understanding of marsupial coracoid reduction has the potential to provide insights into both, marsupial evolution and the origin of mammals, little is known about the morphological and cellular processes controlling this process. To remedy this situation, this study examined the morphological and cellular mechanisms behind coracoid reduction in the gray short‐tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica. A quantitative, morphometric study of shoulder girdle development revealed that the coracoid is reduced in size relative to other aspects of the shoulder girdle by growing at a slower rate. Using a series of molecular assays for cell death, no evidence was found for programmed cell death playing a role in the reduction of coracoid size in marsupials (in contrast to hypotheses of previous researchers). Although it is likely the case that coracoid growth is reduced through a relatively lower rate of cellular proliferation, differences in proliferative rates in the coracoid and scapula were not great enough to be quantified using standard molecular assays. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secreted amyloid precursor protein and holo‐APP bind amyloid β through distinct domains eliciting different toxic responses on hippocampal neurons
Authors: Kedikian Gabriela , Heredia Florencia , Salvador Victoria Rozes , Raimunda Daniel , Isoardi Nora , Heredia Lorena , Lorenzo Alfredo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAmyloid β (Aβ) is a metabolic product of Aβ precursor protein (APP). Deposition of Aβ in the brain and neuronal degeneration are characteristic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ induces neuronal degeneration, but the mechanism of neurotoxicity remains elusive. Increasing evidence implicates APP as a receptor‐like protein for Aβ fibrils (fAβ). In this study, we present further experimental support for the direct interaction of APP with fAβ and for its involvement in Aβ neurotoxicity. Using recombinant purified holo‐APP (h‐APP), we have shown that it directly binds fAβ. Employing deletion mutant forms of APP, we show that two different sequences are involved in the binding of APP to fAβ. One sequence in the n‐terminus of APP is required for binding of fAβ to secreted APP (s‐APP) but not to h‐APP. In addition, the extracellular juxtamembrane Aβ‐sequence mediates binding of fAβ to h‐APP but not to s‐APP. Deletion of the extracellular juxtamembrane Aβ sequence abolishes abnormal h‐APP accumulation and toxicity induced by fAβ deposition, whereas deletions in the n‐terminus of APP do not affect Aβ toxicity. These experiments show that interaction of toxic Aβ species with its membrane‐anchored parental protein promotes toxicity in hippocampal neurons, adding further support to an Aβ‐receptor‐like function of APP directly implicated in neuronal degeneration in AD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and its downstream genes reduces acute hyperglycemia‐enhanced hemorrhagic transformation in a rat model of cerebral ischemia
Authors: Chen Chunhua , Ostrowski Robert P. , Zhou Changman , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe evaluated a role of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and its downstream genes in acute hyperglycemia‐induced hemorrhagic transformation in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats weighing 280–300 g (n = 105) were divided into sham, 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), MCAO plus HIF‐1α inhibitors, 2‐methoxyestradiol (2ME2) or 3‐(5′‐hydroxymethyl‐2′‐furyl)‐1‐benzylindazole (YC‐1), groups. Rats received an injection of 50% dextrose (6 ml/kg intraperitoneally) at 15 min before MCAO. HIF‐1α inhibitors were administered at the onset of reperfusion. The animals were examined for neurological deficits and sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, and 72 hr following MCAO. The cerebral tissues were collected for histology, zymography, and Western blot analysis. The expression of HIF‐1α was increased in ischemic brain tissues after MCAO and reduced by HIF‐1α inhibitors. In addition, 2ME2 reduced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the elevation of active matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and −9 (MMP‐2/MMP‐9) in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Both 2ME2 and YC‐1 reduced infarct volume and ameliorated neurological deficits. However, only 2ME2 attenuated hemorrhagic transformation in the ischemic territory. In conclusion, the inhibition of HIF‐1α and its downstream genes attenuates hemorrhagic conversion of cerebral infarction and ameliorates neurological deficits after focal cerebral ischemia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Normal thermoregulatory responses to 3‐iodothyronamine, trace amines and amphetamine‐like psychostimulants in trace amine associated receptor 1 knockout mice
Authors: Panas Helen N. , Lynch Laurie J. , Vallender Eric J. , Xie Zhihua , Chen Guo‐lin , Lynn Spencer K. , Scanlan Thomas S. , Miller Gregory M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract3‐Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is a metabolite of thyroid hormone. It is an agonist at trace amine‐associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), a recently identified receptor involved in monoaminergic regulation and a potential novel therapeutic target. Here, T1AM was studied using rhesus monkey TAAR1 and/or human dopamine transporter (DAT) co‐transfected cells, and wild‐type (WT) and TAAR1 knock‐out (KO) mice. The IC50 of T1AM competition for binding of the DAT‐specific radio‐ligand [3H]CFT was highly similar in DAT cells, WT striatal synaptosomes and KO striatal synaptosomes (0.72–0.81 μM). T1AM inhibition of 10 nM [3H]dopamine uptake (IC50: WT, 1.4 ± 0.5 μM; KO, 1.2 ± 0.4 μM) or 50 nM [3H]serotonin uptake (IC50: WT, 4.5 ± 0.6 μM; KO, 4.7 ± 1.1 μM) in WT and KO synaptosomes was also highly similar. Unlike other TAAR1 agonists that are DAT substrates, TAAR1 signaling in response to T1AM was not enhanced in the presence of DAT as determined by CRE‐luciferase assay. In vivo, T1AM induced robust hypothermia in WT and KO mice equivalently and dose dependently (maximum change degrees Celsius: 50 mg/kg at 60 min: WT −6.0 ± 0.4, KO −5.6 ± 1.0; and 25 mg/kg at 30 min: WT −2.7 ± 0.4, KO −3.0 ± 0.2). Other TAAR1 agonists including beta–phenylethylamine (β‐PEA), MDMA (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and methamphetamine also induced significant, time‐dependent thermoregulatory responses that were alike in WT and KO mice. Therefore, TAAR1 co‐expression does not alter T1AM binding to DAT in vitro nor T1AM inhibition of [3H]monoamine uptake ex vivo, and TAAR1 agonist‐induced thermoregulatory responses are TAAR1‐independent. Accordingly, TAAR1‐directed compounds will likely not affect thermoregulation nor are they likely to be cryogens. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.