bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valentim Fernandes' Five Maps and the Early History and Geography of São Tomé
Authors: Massing Andreas 
Published: November 2010

Maps may be important historical documents, reflecting the situation of a given place at a given time, and comparing several maps from different periods of the same area can inform us of changes in social and human geography. For some distant parts of the world they may be the only sources for a past that provides us with few if any sources. Thus Valentim Fernandes' five maps of São Tomé are a unique source for the slow and gradual growth of the first settlements. The maps are complemented by Fernandes' 1506 description of the island.Valentim Fernandes, a German printer who worked in Lisbon from 1495 to 1513, compiled several works on Africa and published them in 1506. Apparently he sent a copy to his friend Conrad Peutinger in Augsburg, whose book collection came into possession of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, where they survive in the Codex Hispanicus 27 (now available online. The compilation contains several texts and a map collection with description of the Atlantic islands. While Fernandes' description of Africa, as the sole copy of Diogo Gomes' account, has received wide attention as an important source for early African history, the five maps of São Tomé inserted at various places in the Codex have hardly received any attention at all.
Osteosclerosis in two brothers with autosomal dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b: bone histomorphometric analysis
Authors: Sbrocchi Anne Marie , Rauch Frank , Lawson Margaret L , Hadjiyannakis Stasia , Lawrence Sarah , Bastepe Murat , Jüppner Harald , Ward Leanne Marie 
Published: November 2010

ObjectivePseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia resulting from selective renal resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH). One autosomal dominant form of PHP type 1b (PHP-Ib) is most frequently caused by a maternally inherited 3-kb deletion within STX16, the gene encoding syntaxin 16. To date, increased bone mineral density (BMD) has been described only in PHP type 1a, and there is a lack of detailed information on bone histomorphometry in PHP-Ib. The objective of this report was to present trans-iliac static and dynamic histomorphometry in two brothers with the 3-kb deletion in the STX16 region and elevated BMD.DesignObservational study of two brothers (age 18.0 and 22.7 years) with the 3-kb STX16 deletion and increased BMD.ResultsThe brothers had elevated PTH (146 pg/ml (15.6 pmol/l) and 102 pg/ml (10.9 pmol/l); normal: 10–64 pg/ml (1.1–6.8 pmol/l)) and striking osteosclerosis (lumbar spine areal BMD Z-scores: +5.4 and +4.9). Bone histomorphometry showed marked elevations in cortical width for both brothers (241 and 209% of the mean result expected for age), with elevations in the bone formation rate on the endocortical (119 and 260% of the healthy mean) and trabecular (220 and 190% of mean) surfaces.ConclusionOur findings suggest that PTH in this PHP-Ib genotype can increase cortical thickness due to its anabolic effect on endocortical bone, and underscore the heterogeneity in the skeletal phenotype among patients with PHP-Ib.
Development of an Evidence‐based Guideline for Supervisor Training in Promoting Mental Health: Literature Review
Authors: Tsutsumi Akizumi 
Published: November 2010

Development of an Evidence‐based Guideline for Supervisor Training in Promoting Mental Health: Literature Review: Akizumi Tsutsumi, Occupational Health Training Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health—ObjectiveTo review published studies to assess the effects of supervisor training on the mental health of subordinate workers, and thereby develop an evidence‐based guideline for supervisor training in promoting workers' mental health.MethodSeven studies that assessed the effect of supervisor training, whose outcomes included psychological stress responses of (subordinate) employees, were retrieved for assessment from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, the Web of Science, and Ichushi‐Web. An additional ive studies were also reviewed for discussion on the content and types of training.ResultsProviding supervisors with necessary skills and information on mental health, including relevant occupational stressors, has a favorable effect on workers' mental health, at least in the short term. The subject populations had a background of requiring mental health measures. The effect of the training varied depending on the participation rate of supervisors, suggesting that the overall effect on an organization may be limited without a certain extent of participation by supervisors. There is no evidence of a long‐term (over 1 yr) effect of supervisor training, and the effect of education on the supervisors' knowledge and behavior tends to be lost after 6 mo.ConclusionThe current evidence indicates that the following items should be taken into consideration for the development of a guideline for supervisor training: identification of high‐priority populations requiring education, development of a strategy to improve the participation rate in education, inclusion of occupational stressors as well as basic information in workplace mental health teaching materials, and regular repetition of the program.
Optimal dyeing systems for resistance to the physical strength loss of the PLA/cotton blended fabric
Authors: Huang Haofei , Ma Wei , Zhang Shufen , Lu Rongwen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study, optimization of disperse/reactive dyeing systems for resistance to the physical strength loss of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/cotton blended fabric was investigated. The blended fabric underwent a two‐bath, two‐stage dyeing process in which the PLA component of the blended fabric was dyed using two disperse dyes, followed by the cotton component being dyed with six reactive dyes containing different reactive groups—dichlorotriazine, monochlorotriazine, sulphatoethylsulphone, monofluorotriazine, monochlorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone, and monofluorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone groups. The optimal dyeing systems were established according to the fixation rate of the dyes, tear/tensile strength loss, and SEM micrographs of the fabric. To avoid the strength loss during the disperse/reactive dyeing process, the recommended disperse dyeing conditions were 110°C, pH 5 for 20 min, whereas the reactive dyeing conditions should be temperature ≤60°C and alkali concentration ≤3 g/L. In this regard, reactive dyes containing monofluorotriazine and monofluorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone groups were especially suitable for the reactive dyeing systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Niacin and its metabolites: role of LC‐MS/MS bioanalytical methods and update on clinical pharmacology. An overview
Authors: Mullangi Ramesh , Srinivas Nuggehally R 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNiacin (nicotinic acid), although an old drug, has seen a sudden surge in popularity for treatment of lipid disorders and other associated clinical conditions for the prevention of cardiovascular risk. Also, there has been considerable interest in clarifying the role of metabolic pathways of niacin in explaining the tolerability/adverse affect profile of the agent. Hence, it has become very important to quantify/monitor the levels of niacin and its metabolites in various clinical studies. This review describes the recent trends in the bioanalysis of niacin and its metabolites, where HPLC and LC‐MS/MS assays have been successfully employed to measure the drug levels in various biological matrices arising from preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, this review encompass various considerations such as internal standard selection, extraction schemes, matrix effect, selectivity evaluation and optimization of mass spectral conditions to enable the development of sound bioanalytical methods for niacin alone or niacin along with its metabolites. Recent updates pertaining to the clinical pharmacology of niacin and ongoing debate for the clarification of adverse effects are also provided. Overall LC‐MS/MS methods have proven to be choice of bioanalytical method for the quantification of niacin alone or with its metabolites in both preclinical and clinical studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Derivatization reagents in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Santa Tomofumi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLiquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) is one of the most prominent analytical techniques owing to its inherent selectivity and sensitivity. In LC/ESI‐MS/MS, chemical derivatization is often used to enhance the detection sensitivity. Derivatization improves the chromatographic separation, and enhances the mass spectrometric ionization efficiency and MS/MS detectability. In this review, an overview of the derivatization reagents which have been applied to LC/ESI‐MS/MS is presented, focusing on the applications to low molecular weight compounds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Dimensional Modeling and Simulation of Bubble Column Reactors
Authors: Jung S. , Becker M. , Agar D. W. , Franke R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractReactor models that feature a practical way to design bubble columns on the semi‐industrial or even industrial scale have been published only rarely in the usual scientific literature. Creating a one‐dimensional model in the equation‐oriented simulation software ASPEN Custom Modeler™ (ACM), one can reach a compromise between model precision and modeling – i.e. computational power – based on correlations selected specifically for the application in question. The model quantitatively describes, with sufficient accuracy, the processes in a bubble column reactor. The paper discusses investigations for designing a pilot plant reactor for hydrogenating 2‐ethylhexanal as an example of its application. Geometry and operating conditions were optimized, and the results are shown in the form of spatially resolved reaction and temperature profiles.
Numerical Simulation of Dispersed Gas/Liquid Flows in Bubble Columns at High Phase Fractions using OpenFOAM®. Part 2 – Numerical Simulation and Results
Authors: Marschall H. , Mornhinweg R. , Kossmann A. , Oberhauser S. , Langbein K. , Hinrichsen O. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBei der Auslegung industrieller Gas/Flüssig‐Reaktoren wie Blasensäulen benötigt man möglichst genaue Informationen über Strömungsstruktur und ‐verhalten des vorliegenden Zwei‐ oder Mehrphasensystems im Reaktorinneren. Die Ergebnisse der mit einer Auswahl von Modellen durchgeführten Simulation disperser Gas/Flüssigströmungen in Blasensäulen werden präsentiert und mit Literaturdaten verglichen. Die Simulationen wurden dabei mit der CFD‐Software OpenFOAM® durchgeführt. Das Hauptaugenmerk bei der numerischen Berechnung galt der Abbildung charakteristischer Betriebs‐ und Auslegungsparameter von Blasensäulen.
Implementation of TA Luft 2002 in Existing Plants: A Bioscrubber for Combined Waste Air and Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Dobslaw D. , Woiski C. , Engesser K.‐H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie seit November 2007 für Altanlagen gültige TA Luft 2002 sieht eine signifikante Verschärfung der Abluftgrenzwerte vor, die aufgrund der vermeintlichen Nicht‐Realisierbarkeit zu einer Substitution biologischer Verfahren führte. Am Beispiel eines bislang nicht konformen Biowäschersystems zur kombinierten biologischen Behandlung von Abwasser und ‐luft in einem Sonderabfallbehandlungsbetrieb wurde die TA Luft umgesetzt. Der Modernisierungsfortschritt des biologischen Verfahrens wurde analytisch vor Ort begleitet und das schadstoffspezifische Abbaupotenzial der Anlage im Labor verifiziert.
Kinetics of nickel biosorption by acid‐washed barley straw
Authors: Thevannan Ayyasamy , Hill Gordon , Niu Catherine Hui 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis work reported the rate of nickel biosorption using acid‐washed barley straw (AWBS) at different initial nickel concentration, AWBS particle size, solution pH, and temperature. The biosorption process was rapid and the equilibrium was reached in about 100 min with initial nickel concentrations from 250 to 1000 mg/L. AWBS with particle size of <0.425 mm exhibited a greater adsorption rate and reached equilibrium faster than particle sizes of 0.425–1.18 mm. An increase in pH from 3.0 ± 0.1 to 7.0 ± 0.1 increased the rate of adsorption and resulted in a higher equilibrium nickel uptake. Nickel adsorption was more favourable at 23 ± 1°C compared to 5 ± 1°C and 40 ± 1°C. The external mass transfer model was able to fit the dynamic nickel biosorption data and provided acceptable overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients.
Parametric study for counter‐current vapour–liquid free‐surface flow in a narrow channel
Authors: Haelssig Jan B. , Etemad Seyed Gh. , Tremblay André Y. , Thibault Jules 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this investigation, the effects of some important parameters on the flow patterns in a narrow vertical channel for counter‐current vapour–liquid flow of an ethanol–water system were studied. The parameters included the liquid Reynolds number, ethanol concentration, contact angle, and pressure drop. The vapour phase velocity profile was significantly influenced by the pressure drop through the channel. The ethanol concentration and liquid Reynolds number were found to have a significant impact on the liquid holdup (average film thickness) as well as the velocity profiles in the liquid and vapour phases. In the ranges studied, the contact angle and pressure drop were found to have a negligible effect on the liquid holdup.
Retraction of the edge of an initially discotic liquid sheet
Authors: Homma Shunji , Oka Hiroki , Koga Jiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe retraction of the edge of an initially discotic liquid sheet and the formation of a rim at the edge, the process, which is a precursor of atomisation of liquid, is simulated by a Front‐Tracking/Finite Difference method. The shape of the rim depends on the Ohnesorge number, which represents the viscosity of the sheet. The edge retraction speed approaches asymptotically the viscous velocity scale as the Ohnesorge number increases. As the Ohnesorge number decreases, on the other hand, the retraction speed approaches asymptotically the inertial velocity scale, which is known as Taylor–Culick velocity. This asymptotic behaviour is identical with the case of a two‐dimensional planer liquid sheet.
5‐HTTLPR moderates the relation between changes in depressive and bulimic symptoms in adolescent girls: A longitudinal study
Authors: Mata Jutta , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveDepression and bulimia both are associated with low serotonin levels. We examined whether the serotonin transporter gene (5‐HTTLPR) moderates the relation between depressive and bulimic symptoms over time.MethodFifty adolescent girls with no current or past Axis I disorder were genotyped for the 5‐HTTLPR gene. Twice, 6 months apart, participants completed self‐report measures of depressive symptoms and bulimic symptoms.ResultsThe association between change in depressive symptoms and change in bulimic symptoms over time was significantly stronger in girls who are homozygous for the short 5‐HTTLPR allele than for girls with at least one long allele.DiscussionThis finding is consistent with previous studies documenting a relation between depressive and bulimic symptoms in adolescents. Few studies, however, considered the possible role of serotonin linking both disorders. Gaining a better understanding of developmental effects of low serotonin could help to identify high‐risk individuals and provide effective prevention and intervention. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2011
Does the broad categories for the diagnosis of eating disorders (BCD‐ED) scheme reduce the frequency of eating disorder not otherwise specified?
Authors: Sysko Robyn , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:This study evaluated whether the Broad Categories for the Diagnosis of Eating Disorders (BCD‐ED) proposal (Walsh and Sysko, Int J Eat Disord, 42, 754–764, 2009) reduces the number of individuals who receive a DSM‐IV eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) diagnosis.Method:Individuals calling a tertiary care facility completed a brief telephone interview and were classified into a DSM‐IV eating disorder category (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, EDNOS). Subsequently, the proposed DSM‐5 criteria for eating disorders and the BCD‐ED scheme were also applied.Results:A total of 247 individuals with telephone interview data met criteria for an eating disorder, including 97 (39.3%) with an EDNOS. Of patients with an EDNOS diagnosis, 97.6% were reclassified using the BCD‐ED scheme.Discussion:The BCD‐ED scheme has the potential to virtually eliminate the use of DSM‐IV EDNOS; however, additional data are needed to document its validity and clinical utility. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010)
Season of birth and disordered eating in a population‐based sample of young U.S. females
Authors: Javaras Kristin N. , Austin S. Bryn , Field Alison E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:We used data from a population‐based study of 9,039 adolescent and young adult females, followed prospectively since 1996 as part of the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), to examine the relationship between season of birth and disordered eating in the U.S..Method:We tested whether the distribution of birth season and month differed for participants who had ever reported both underweight and dieting/weight concern symptoms (n = 134) or both frequent bingeing and purging symptoms (n = 77) compared with other GUTS participants.Results:The two disordered‐eating groups had relative birth peaks in the fall and relative birth troughs in the summer compared with other GUTS participants, but only the fall peak was consistently statistically significant.Discussion:It appears that U.S. females born in the fall are more likely to develop disordered eating and that age relative to the rest of their school‐year cohort may account for some of this phenomenon. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010)
[FeIII(bztpen)(OCH3)](PF6)2: Stable Methoxide–Iron(III) Complex Exhibiting Spin Crossover Behavior in the Solid State
Authors: Ortega‐Villar Norma A. , Muñoz M. Carmen , Real José A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractComplex [FeIII(bztpen)(OCH3)](PF6)2 (1) crystallizes as the major yellow‐brown product from spontaneous oxidation of its corresponding iron(II) counterpart in methanol solution. Magnetic measurements and EPR spectra demonstrate that 1 undergoes a poorly cooperative 6A1↔2T2 spin conversion in the temperature range 300–50 K, with characteristic thermodynamic parameters ΔH = 6.15 kJ mol–1, ΔS = 39.88 J K–1 mol–1, and T1/2 = 154 K. The crystal structure of 1 has been investigated at 100 and 293 K.
Syntheses of Macrocyclic Bis(bibenzyl) Compounds Derived from Perrottetin E
Authors: Speicher Andreas , Groh Matthias , Hennrich Markus , Huynh Anh‐Minh 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMacrocyclic bis(bibenzyl) compounds are natural products from liverworts and are of growing interest due to recent reports on new isolated compounds and on their remarkable biological activities. We report here on a flexible and general approach to the total set of nine bis(bibenzyl) compounds of the riccardin and plagiochin type derived from perrottetin E. The structures were confirmed through their spectroscopic data, which were compared carefully with those for the isolated products to exclude any errors in arene connection and substitution pattern.
Association statistics under the PPL framework
Authors: Huang Yungui , Vieland Veronica J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we extend the PPL framework to the analysis of case‐control (CC) data and introduce three new linkage disequilibrium (LD) statistics. These statistics measure the evidence for or against LD, rather than testing the null hypothesis of no LD, and they therefore avoid the need for multiple testing corrections. They are suitable not only for CC designs but also can be used in application to family data, ranging from trios to complex pedigrees, all under the same statistical framework, allowing for the seamless analysis of disparate data structures. They also provide other core advantages of the PPL framework, including the use of sequential updating to accumulate LD evidence across potentially heterogeneous sets or subsets of data; parameterization in terms of a very general trait likelihood, which simultaneously considers dominant, recessive, and additive models; and a straightforward mechanism for modeling two‐locus epistasis. Finally, by implementing the new statistics within the PPL framework, we have a ready mechanism for incorporating linkage information, obtained from distinct data, into LD analyses in the form of a prior distribution. Here we examine the performance of the proposed LD statistics using simulated data, as well as assessing the effects of key modeling violations on this performance. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:835‐845, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solid–liquid two‐phase alkylation of tetraethyl methylenebisphosphonate under microwave irradiation
Authors: Greiner István , Grün Alajos , Ludányi Krisztina , Keglevich György 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOptimum conditions for the solid–liquid phase alkylation of tetraethyl methylenebisphosphonate are dependent on the nature of the alkyl halide. The benzylation with benzyl bromide takes place efficiently in boiling acetonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate and a phase transfer catalyst. The ethylation with ethyl iodide was best accomplished under solventless microwave conditions in the presence of cesium carbonate and in the absence of an onium salt. The analogous propylation and butylation were complicated by the formation of mixed esters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:11–, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20648
An analysis method for the influence of tunneling on adjacent loaded pile groups with rigid elevated caps
Authors: Zhang Rong‐Jun , Zheng Jun‐Jie , Zhang Li‐Min , Pu He‐Fu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTunnel excavation could influence the working performance of adjacent pile foundations. How to accurately predict the tunneling‐induced pile responses is becoming an important issue in urban areas. Previous methods tend to neglect the influence of working loads on the tunneling‐induced pile responses. In this paper, a two‐stage analysis method is proposed to study the behavior of pile groups with rigid elevated caps subjected to tunneling‐induced ground movements, in which the pile–pile interaction, coupling of longitudinal and lateral deformation, and influence of working loads are considered. This method is validated by comparing the results with those from a general pile analysis program, GEPAN, centrifuge test data and field measured data. Thereafter, a series of parametric studies is carried out. The results show that the influence of working load on tunneling‐induced pile responses is significant. Three different features of the pile responses will take place for different depth ratios. With the increase in soil stiffness, the tunneling‐induced axial force increases linearly, whereas the bending moment increases nonlinearly. For soils with high stiffness, the maximum bending moment increases linearly with the ground loss ratio within the range of 0–5%; but for soils with low stiffness, this tendency becomes obviously nonlinear. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.