bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Gene Expression during the Innate Immunity Response of Soybean
Authors: Valdés-López Oswaldo , Thibivilliers Sandra , Qiu Jing , Xu Wayne Wenzhong , Nguyen Tran H.N. , Libault Marc , Le Brandon H. , Goldberg Robert B. , Hill Curtis B. , Hartman Glen L. , Diers Brian , Stacey Gary 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (MTI) is an important component of the plant innate immunity response to invading pathogens. However, most of our knowledge of MTI comes from studies of model systems with relatively little work done with crop plants. In this work, we report on variation in both the microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered oxidative burst and gene expression across four soybean (Glycine max) genotypes. Variation in MTI correlated with the level of pathogen resistance for each genotype. A quantitative trait locus analysis on these traits identified four loci that appeared to regulate gene expression during MTI in soybean. Likewise, we observed that both MTI variation and pathogen resistance were quantitatively inherited. The approach utilized in this study may have utility for identifying key resistance loci useful for developing improved soybean cultivars.
Molecular Profiling of Stomatal Meristemoids Reveals New Component of Asymmetric Cell Division and Commonalities among Stem Cell Populations inArabidopsis
Authors: Pillitteri Lynn Jo , Peterson Kylee M. , Horst Robin J. , Torii Keiko U. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe balance between maintenance and differentiation of stem cells is a central question in developmental biology. Development of stomata in Arabidopsis thaliana begins with de novo asymmetric divisions producing meristemoids, proliferating precursor cells with stem cell–like properties. The transient and asynchronous nature of the meristemoid has made it difficult to study its molecular characteristics. Synthetic combination of stomatal differentiation mutants due to loss- or gain-of-function mutations in SPEECHLESS, MUTE, and SCREAM create seedlings with an epidermis overwhelmingly composed of pavement cells, meristemoids, or stomata, respectively. Through transcriptome analysis, we define and characterize the molecular signatures of meristemoids. The reporter localization studies of meristemoid-enriched proteins reveals pathways not previously associated with stomatal development. We identified a novel protein, POLAR, and demonstrate through time-lapse live imaging that it exhibits transient polar localization and segregates unevenly during meristemoid asymmetric divisions. The polar localization of POLAR requires BREAKING OF ASYMMETRY IN THE STOMATAL LINEAGE. Comparative bioinformatic analysis of the transcriptional profiles of a meristemoid with shoot and root apical meristems highlighted cytokinin signaling and the ERECTA family receptor-like kinases in the broad regulation of stem cell populations. Our work reveals molecular constituents of stomatal stem cells and illuminates a common theme among stem cell populations in plants.
Stray current corrosion in buried pipeline
Authors: Zhu Qingjun , Cao Alin , Zaifend Wang , Song Jiwen , Shengli Chen 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze and solve abnormal variation of pipe‐to‐soil potentials of an oil‐transfer pipeline.Design/methodology/approachPipe‐to‐soil potentials of an oil‐transfer pipeline varied abnormally at several locations. Visual detections find the pipeline is buried near an electric railway and there are several anodic ground beds nearby. Corrosion patterns of the pipeline and examination of the soil reveal no microbiological corrosion. The potential gradients indicate the pipeline might not be attacked by stray currents. However, whole day measurements of one pipeline pile show there are two kinds of stray currents influencing the pipeline: AC stray current and DC stray current.FindingsThe highest pipe‐to‐soil potential reaches 12.958 V when there are AC stray currents. In addition, the biggest and lowest DC pipe‐to‐soil potentials are 0.888 V and −5.90 V, respectively. Radiodetection pipeline current mapper measurement finds there is some bitumen coating breaking points on pipeline. These make the stray currents enter the pipeline and stray current corrosion happens easily. As a result, stray current corrosion happens.Originality/valueThe potential gradients cannot indicate stray current corrosion under all circumstance.
Corrosion behavior of organically modified silicates coatings
Authors: Sanjabi Sohrab 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop hybrid organic‐inorganic silica‐based nanocomposite films, by sol‐gel method, for corrosion protection of AA2024 alloy. Also, cerium nitrate corrosion inhibitor is introduced into the optimized coating in the next step of the investigations in order to study the improvement in the corrosion protection properties of the organically modified silicate (Ormosil) films.Design/methodology/approachThe sol‐gel films have been synthesized from 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethylorthosilicate precursors. In order to investigate the effective factors on the properties of Ormosils films, different coatings with different organic and hydrolysis water content were developed. Then, cerium nitrate corrosion inhibitor was added to the coatings. The structure of the hybrid sol‐gel films was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion protection properties of the films were studied by potentiodynamic scanning, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively.FindingsThe results indicate that the hybrid films provided exceptional barrier and corrosion protection in comparison with untreated aluminium alloy substrate. Moreover, improvement of the protection properties of the films containing cerium nitrate corrosion inhibitor occurred with immersion time. This would imply that cerium ions could reach the defects, and reduce the corrosion rate.Originality/valueThis paper provides the development of Ormosils coating, which exceptionally improves the corrosion protection of 2024 aluminium alloy.
Organic certification and the market: organic exports from and imports to China
Authors: Xie Biao , Tingyou Li , Yi Qian 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to chart the breadth and acceleration of organic markets domestic and international and discuss the obstacles and possible ways that confront enterprises who engage in organic exports from and imports to China.Design/methodology/approachThere is much extant research that investigates the organic certification and its market development in the developed world. However, little emphasis is given to China, the highest growing organic market. This research aims to narrow this gap in the literature by reviewing organic certification and the market in China.FindingsChina's organic products are mainly exported to developed countries, but the growing affluence of Chinese consumers and expanding foreign expatriate community in China is developing a domestic market for organic food. Organic products are increasingly being imported. Organic standards and certification system in China have been established and under the implementation, with all stages of the organic marketing chain regulated by law and guaranteed. The lack of an equivalent or compliant system forces Chinese organic exports to enter the international market through multi‐certification, and foreign organic imports to the China market possibly through certification by a CNAS‐ACB.Originality/valueThis paper provides a unique insight into a wide range of China organic certification systems and the mechanism for organic exports from and imports to China.
Cross‐case analysis of producer‐driven marketing channels in Australia
Authors: Broderick Sherryl , Wright Vic , Kristiansen Paul 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to investigate the feasibility of producer‐driven marketing of differentiated meat, in the context of Australian family farms. Producer‐driven marketing (PDM) is defined as marketing by farm families of their own produce by developing and managing their own supply chains beyond the farm‐gate. Family farms are defined as family operated farms. The framework used compared revenue, costs and uncertainty in various distribution channels.Design/methodology/approachSix individual case studies were conducted using semi‐structured interviews. The interview protocol included enterprise characteristics that contribute to the ongoing viability of the businesses.FindingsPDM was a feasible entry point for new brands and a profitable alternative to supplying generic product to the mainstream when costs were controlled. It is proposed that PDM was feasible in the context of Australian family farms where the distribution channel chosen reduces variability in the farm‐gate price, captures the marketing margin and minimises negotiation costs, particularly the labour costs to find a buyer.Research limitations/implicationsThe feasibility assessment excluded the cost of acquiring new skills which may be significant. The entrepreneurs interviewed already possessed significant marketing and business skills and experience to produce and market a brand through alternative distribution channels.Practical ImplicationsProducers can potentially increase farm profitability where household labour and skills are available to market produce beyond the farm‐gate. These implications are likely to be relevant in most developed countries, not just Australia.Originality/valueThe phenomenon of producer‐driven marketing is relatively novel in Australian agribusiness with no previous analysis of the profitability and long‐term viability of such an approach in the Australian context.
Automatic extraction of metadata from scientific publications for CRIS systems
Authors: Kovačević Aleksandar , Ivanović Dragan , Milosavljević Branko , Konjović Zora , Surla Dušan 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop a system for automatic extraction of metadata from scientific papers in PDF format for the information system for monitoring the scientific research activity of the University of Novi Sad (CRIS UNS).Design/methodology/approachThe system is based on machine learning and performs automatic extraction and classification of metadata in eight pre‐defined categories. The extraction task is realised as a classification process. For the purpose of classification each row of text is represented with a vector that comprises different features: formatting, position, characteristics related to the words, etc. Experiments were performed with standard classification models. Both a single classifier with all eight categories and eight individual classifiers were tested. Classifiers were evaluated using the five‐fold cross validation, on a manually annotated corpus comprising 100 scientific papers in PDF format, collected from various conferences, journals and authors' personal web pages.FindingsBased on the performances obtained on classification experiments, eight separate support vector machines (SVM) models (each of which recognises its corresponding category) were chosen. All eight models were established to have a good performance. The F‐measure was over 85 per cent for almost all of the classifiers and over 90 per cent for most of them.Research limitations/implicationsAutomatically extracted metadata cannot be directly entered into CRIS UNS but requires control of the curators.Practical implicationsThe proposed system for automatic metadata extraction using support vector machines model was integrated into the software system, CRIS UNS. Metadata extraction has been tested on the publications of researchers from the Department of Mathematics and Informatics of the Faculty of Sciences in Novi Sad. Analysis of extracted metadata from these publications showed that the performance of the system for the previously unseen data is in accordance with that obtained by the cross‐validation from eight separate SVM classifiers. This system will help in the process of synchronising metadata from CRIS UNS with other institutional repositories.Originality/valueThe paper documents a fully automated system for metadata extraction from scientific papers that was developed. The system is based on the SVM classifier and open source tools, and is capable of extracting eight types of metadata from scientific articles of any format that can be converted to PDF. Although developed as part of CRIS UNS, the proposed system can be integrated into other CRIS systems, as well as institutional repositories and library management systems.
Towards text copyright detection using metadata in web applications
Authors: Poulos Marios , Korfiatis Nikolaos , Bokos George 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to present the semantic content identifier (SCI), a permanent identifier, computed through a linear‐time onion‐peeling algorithm that enables the extraction of semantic features from a text, and the integration of this information within the permanent identifier.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ SCI to propose a mechanism for simultaneously checking the authenticity and degrees of similarity between different information objects, and present an empirical investigation of the method. A management scenario for the control of the authentication process and the detection of the degree of violation of documents is proposed.FindingsSuch a mechanism could be adopted as a component of libraries' strategy for the protection of the copyrights for documents published on the web.Practical implicationsThe use of the proposed numeric code can be utilised efficiently as a constituent part of the digital object identifier (DOI) system, making its computation more efficient and meaningful.Originality/valueThe identifier proposed in the paper can result in a more efficient index for identifying and retrieving objects in a digital library, as well as online repositories and commercial applications that can handle information retrieval requests more effectively.
Investigation of the measurement precision of oil analysis instruments, using fully formulated oils. Part 1: spectroscopic instruments
Authors: Berg Sven , Jungmar Ulf , Lundberg Jan , Vähäoja Pekka 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe aim of this study is to determine the variation of the different oil analysis instruments in terms of standard deviation and CV‐values, when measuring samples of fully formulated hydraulic and gear oils taken from working systems.Design/methodology/approachIn this investigation, two different spectrometric techniques, inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometers (ICP‐OES) and rotating disk electrode‐optical emission spectrometers (RDE‐OES), have been studied to determine the instruments' precision of measurement and ability to measure the absolute level of contamination. The study was based on a series of measurements using artificial contamination mixed with oil.FindingsThe ICP has better precision of measurement of the two instruments, but cannot predict the absolute values of contamination when oil samples are only treated by organic solvent dilution if the samples include large or dense particles. It is therefore not too good, with the sample pre‐treatment method used, at detecting wear processes that produce dense/large particles, such as pitting failure. For instance, microwave‐assisted acid digestion could be used for sample pre‐treating to obtain accurate results in that case. It should, however, be able to detect wear mechanisms that produce small particles such as abrasive wear in any case. The ICP has a repeatability value of r=3 percent and a reproducibility value of R=12 percent for contamination levels of between 50 and 400 ppm and r=0.6  and R=2 ppm, respectively, at values below 50 ppm. The RDE cannot predict the absolute value of contamination if this includes large or dense particles if proper sample pre‐treatment is not used. It is therefore not good at detecting wear mechanisms that produces dense/large particles (if the oil samples are not pre‐treated properly) such as pitting but should be able to detect abrasive wear and similar processes that produce small particles in any case. The RDE's precision of measurement is not as good as the ICP, with a reproducibility variation of R=r=25 percent for contamination levels between 20 and 500 ppm and R=r=6 ppm for contamination level below 20 ppm.Research limitations/implicationsOnly the effects from lubricating oils are studied.Practical implicationsThis study will significantly increase the industrial knowledge concerning measurement precision in particle contamination measurement systems.Originality/valueNo similar study is found.
Relational demography, communication and cognitive differences among top managers
Authors: Liang Xin , Picken Joseph 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to verify the predicted relationship between the demographic (i.e. tenure, functional background, etc.) difference and cognitive difference among top managers and examine how such a relationship is affected by the communication among top managers.Design/methodology/approachThe authors hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between demographic deviation and cognitive deviation of a focal manager on a TMT, and that such a relationship is mediated by the degree of communication that the focal manager has with other team members on the TMT. Using Structural Equation Modeling techniques, these hypotheses were tested based on a sample of 348 top managers that consist of 28 top management teams.FindingsIt was found that the hypothesized relationship between demographic deviation and cognitive deviation of a focal top manager was supported with respect to the tenure of a manager, but not the functional background of a manager. Moreover, it was found that communication frequency of a focal manager with other team members mediated the relationship between the tenure deviation and the cognitive deviation of the focal manager and that tenure deviation negatively influenced communication frequency, which in turn, negatively influenced the cognitive deviation of the manager.Practical implicationsThese findings imply that: when constructing a competitive top management, practitioners such as boards of directors of a firm should pay more attention to the tenure diversity of a top management team because tenure diversity influences the cognitive diversity of the team; and communication among members of a management team can reduce the cognitive differences among members. However, communication happens more frequently among managers with similar tenure than among managers with dissimilar tenure. To promote consensus, managers need to watch for the forming of group fault lines along tenure within their teams.Originality/valueAs far as is known, this is the first study that uses relational demography to examine the influence of tenure difference on cognitive difference among members of a top management team and to expose a mediating role played by communication frequency.
Leading to inspire others: charismatic influence or hard work?
Authors: Searle Glenn D. , Hanrahan Stephanie J. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to examine inspiring others as a psychological construct in leadership contexts by investigating lived and personal experiences of inspiring leaders.Design/methodology/approachA phenomenological design was used to investigate leaders' personal and lived experiences of leading to inspire others. In‐depth interviews were conducted with seven participants nominated by others as inspiring leaders based on the demonstration of five characteristics (vision, openness, transparency, passion, and being somewhat unconventional).FindingsParticipant responses coalesced into five key dimensions of leading to inspire others: connecting, leading, inspiree, action, and context; enabling a functional description of the phenomenon. Furthermore, results indicated that leaders could intentionally cultivate opportunities to inspire others through interaction and effort.Research limitations/implicationsGiven that the paper investigates leaders' experiences of the phenomenon, further investigation into the relational and reciprocal aspects of inspiring others is required. Research has primarily focused on participants in the inspiring relationship independently of each other (i.e. either the inspiree or the leader).Practical implicationsContrary to assertions in some transformational leadership studies that personal charisma is the primary component to inspiring others, these findings indicate that inspiring others requires an active process where leaders establish interpersonal connections and enable action.Originality/valueResearch on inspiration is at a formative stage. This paper represents an initial foray into the space where scholarly knowledge on leadership theory and inspiration intersect to provide greater insight into leading to inspire others.
Nanoscale fabrication: techniques, limitations and future prospects
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an overview of the strategies and techniques being used and developed for the fabrication of nanoscale devices.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses various nanofabrication technologies and strategies and highlights their merits and limitations. It concludes with a consideration of longer‐term possibilities.FindingsIt is shown that top‐down nanofabrication frequently uses lithographic and other techniques derived from the microtechnology industry but recent research appears to have identified a limit to its capabilities. Bottom‐up nanofabrication is less well‐developed but techniques such as molecular mechanosynthesis may offer unique capabilities in the longer‐term.Originality/valueThe paper provides a timely review of the rapidly developing field of nanofabrication technology.
Investigation and strategies for precision of miniaturized robots with micro gears
Authors: Burisch Arne , Raatz Annika 
Published: October 2011

PurposeEconomic, flexible and efficient micro production needs new miniaturized automation equipment (desktop factories). Micro assembly processes make demands on precision of miniaturized robots used in desktop factories and the driving concepts, as well as miniaturized machine elements. The purpose of this paper is to investigate miniaturized drives using micro harmonic drive gears, which are promising driving concepts.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis of the miniaturized precision robot Parvus (using micro harmonic drive gears) shows a good repeatability but also room for improvement concerning the path accuracy. Thereby the transmission error of the micro gears is identified as main disturbing influence concerning the robot's precision characteristics. Owing to the size reduction of the micro harmonic drive gear and the slightly different working principle compared to larger harmonic drive gears, the transmission error are more pronounced. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss approaches to compensate for this effect.FindingsA very promising approach is the use of a simplified model of the kinematic error within the robot control to compensate for this disturbing effect. Measurement data of the transmission error is mathematically transformed into the frequency domain and filtered to the most important frequency modes of the function. These modes are used to build up a simplified mathematic model of the gear transmission error. A final test using this model as compensation function demonstrates that it is possible to reduce the transmission error of the micro gears by more than 50 percent.Originality/valueThe paper presents the first investigation into compensation of the transmission error of micro harmonic drive gears.