bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of latent fingermarks by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging of endogenous lipids
Authors: Wolstenholme Rosalind , Bradshaw Robert , Clench Malcolm R. , Francese Simona 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIdentification of suspects via fingermark analysis is one of the mainstays of forensic science. The success in matching fingermarks, using conventional fingermark scanning and database searching, strongly relies on the enhancement method adopted for fingermark recovery; this in turn depends on the components present in the fingermarks, which will change over time. This work aims to develop a robust methodology for improved analytical detection of the fingermark components. For the first time, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) has been used to image endogenous lipids from fresh and aged, groomed and ungroomed fingermarks. The methodology was initially developed using oleic acid which was detected along with its degradation products over a 7‐day period, at three different temperatures in a time‐course experiment. The optimised methodology was then transferred to the imaging analysis of real fingermark samples. Fingermark patterns were reconstructed by retrieving the m/z values of oleic acid and its degradation products. This allowed the three aged fingermarks to be distinguished. In order to prove that MALDI‐MSI can be used in a non‐destructive way, a simple washing protocol was adopted which returned a fingermark that could be further investigated with classical forensic approaches. The work reported here proves the potential and the feasibility of MALDI‐MSI for the forensic analysis of fingermarks, thus making it competitive with other MSI techniques such as desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI)‐MS. The feasibility of using MALDI‐MSI in fingermark ageing studies is also demonstrated along with the potential to be integrated into routine fingermark forensic analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychophysiological characteristics of women suffering from stress‐related fatigue
Authors: Olsson Erik M. G. , Roth Walton T. , Melin Lennart 
Published: August 2009

AbstractStress‐related fatigue has been attributed to excessive sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activation, but findings have been equivocal as to whether the HPA axis or the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are affected in this condition and how. Whether task performance deficits are associated with this condition is also uncertain. The present study investigated possible differences between women with stress‐related fatigue and healthy women in heart rate variability (HRV) and other autonomic and respiratory measures, task performance and in salivary cortisol response to awakening. Thirty‐six women with stress‐related fatigue were compared with 19 female healthy controls matched in age. Four indices of HRV and other autonomic and respiratory measures were recorded during baseline, task performance and relaxation phases of a laboratory session. Saliva cortisol was measured four times during the hour after awakening. The fatigued group showed less HRV in three measures, higher temperature, lower O2 saturation at the surface of the finger, lower end‐tidal pCO2, and greater cortisol response. This group responded faster on the task but with more errors. Women with stress‐related fatigue show signs of hyperarousal on ANS, respiratory and HPA axis measures. The lower HRV may indicate greater cardiovascular risk. Results for task performance confirm subjectively reported deficits. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moderating effects of DRD2 on depression
Authors: Vaske Jamie , Beaver Kevin M. , Wright John Paul , Boisvert Danielle , Makarios Matthew 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe current study examined whether a dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) TaqIA polymorphism and a serotonin transporter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) moderate the effects of stressful life events on depression, and whether these interaction effects vary by type of stressor. In addition, individuals' responses to stressful life circumstances might vary by genotype, gender, and/or race. A sample of 2,023 participants from waves II and III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) submitted buccal cells for genotyping and completed self‐report surveys that inquired about their victimization and depressive symptoms. Results showed that the DRD2 TaqI polymorphism interacts with specific types of stressful life circumstances, and these results vary across gender and race subgroups. More specifically, the DRD2 polymorphism interacts with witnessed violence to predict higher levels of depressive symptoms among African American females. The DRD2 polymorphism does not moderate the effects of stressful life circumstances on depressive symptoms for White females, White males, or African American males. 5HTTLPR does not moderate the effects of stressful life circumstances on depression in the current study for any of the gender–race subgroups. These findings suggested that the interactive effects of the DRD2 TaqI polymorphism and stressful life circumstances on depressive symptoms might vary by type of stressor, and by ethnicity and gender. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal changes of the at‐sea distribution and food provisioning in rhinoceros auklets
Authors: Deguchi Tomohiro , Wada Akihiko , Watanuki Yutaka , Osa Yuichi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCentral‐place foraging seabirds increase food‐loads and decrease meal frequency when they forage in areas that are distant from the breeding colony. In 2001–2002, we studied the seasonal changes in at‐sea distribution, food‐load mass, meal frequency, and fledging mass in rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata), which forage in coastal waters during the day and feed their chicks at night. In both years, greater numbers of auklets were observed flying in northern waters that are more distant from the colony in June (65 km) and July (65–66 km) than in May (38–47 km). In July of both years, many auklets flew northward across the transect set 65–120 km north of the colony at sunrise; the birds returned south again at sunset, indicating that they foraged in waters outside the study area. This seasonal northward movement of the foraging area may reflect the migration of their main prey item, the Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), which move with the Tsushima Warm Current flowing from the southern Sea of Japan. Food‐load mass did not increase seasonally. In both years, the estimated daily meal frequency was lower in July than in May or June, partly because of the increased foraging distance in July. Late‐hatched chicks also displayed lighter fledging masses than early chicks in both years. We suggest that late breeders are required to forage at great distances for longer periods, which may result in decreased meal frequency and lighter fledging mass of their chicks.
Repeated ethanol exposure during adolescence alters the developmental trajectory of dopaminergic output from the nucleus accumbens septi
Authors: Philpot Rex M. , Wecker Lynn , Kirstein Cheryl L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIndividuals who begin using alcohol prior to 14 years of age are 4 times more likely to progress to addiction than those who do not initiate use until 21 years of age. The nucleus accumbens septi undergoes dramatic developmental transitions during the adolescent period, and dopaminergic activity within this region has been identified as a central neurochemical mediator of drug reward, addiction and dependence. Thus, alcohol‐induced neurochemical alterations in dopaminergic activity within this brain region likely mediate the heightened vulnerability to addiction observed in adolescent alcohol users. To investigate this idea, Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to intraperitoneal injections of either saline or ethanol (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg) twice daily over four days beginning on postnatal day 21, 31, 41 or 56. Cannulas were implanted toward the nucleus accumbens septi, subsequent in vivo microdialysis was used to collect samples, and both basal and ethanol‐stimulated dopamine overflow was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. A developmental transition in basal levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens septi was apparent with peak levels at postnatal day 45. An ethanol challenge produced unique responses across ages, with greater peak effects relative to baseline in younger animals (postnatal day 25 and 35). Following repeated exposure to ethanol, a significant increase in basal dopamine was apparent for all ages, and when these animals were challenged with ethanol, peak effects relative to baseline were decreased in younger animals, but unchanged in older animals (postnatal day 45 and 60). Results indicate that there is a key developmental transition in the ability of rats to adapt to the effects of repeated ethanol exposure, which occurs between postnatal day 35 and 45. This alteration may explain the increased addiction vulnerability observed in individuals who initiate alcohol use during early adolescence.
Weight Loss in the Elderly Cat: Appetite is Fine, and Everything Looks Normal …
Authors: Caney Sarah 
Published: August 2009

Practical relevance Improvements in general health care and nutrition have meant that more cats are living to an advanced age. Weight loss is one of the most common presenting signs in the older cat. Many causes of weight loss in older cats are at least amenable to supportive care and some are curable. Clinical challenges Weight loss is a non-specific change and, while often a sensitive indicator of ill health, does not readily point to the diagnosis. Careful history taking and physical examination may indicate a specific cause but, as discussed in this article, further tests are generally required to confirm the diagnosis. In those cats where common causes of weight loss have been eliminated by initial tests, it is often harder to reach a diagnosis. A logical approach to case-solving is required, making use of imaging and advanced laboratory tests. Occult gastrointestinal disease should be suspected and investigated in cats where another cause of weight loss cannot be found. Patient group While the average lifespan of a pet cat is probably around 13–14 years, many will live longer than this if well cared for, and some considerably longer. Recently, the life stages have been redefined to help predict the changes that might be occurring in terms of a cat's physical and mental health. Cats are considered ‘senior’ at 11–14 years old and ‘geriatric’ at 15 years and above. Audience Geriatric medicine is forming an increasing part of the case load of first opinion and many referral veterinarians. Weight loss is common in older cats and is often the result of several, sometimes interacting, conditions.
Intensive, Extensive, Expensive: Management of Distal Limb Shearing Injuries in Cats
Authors: Corr Sandra 
Published: August 2009

Practical relevance Cats often present with distal limb shearing injuries as a result of road traffic accidents (RTAs). Many apparently unsalvageable limbs can be saved through intensive and appropriate early treatment if the basic principles of good wound management are followed. Clinical challenges When a limb is crushed under the wheel of a car, the skin, soft tissues and bone can be injured in a variety of ways, and the wounds are invariably heavily contaminated. Management of such cases is intensive, extensive and expensive. As well as the client's financial constraints, the ethics of prolonged treatment versus the alternative of amputation should be carefully considered. This article reviews the priorities for managing these cases, and presents a logical approach for achieving optimal outcomes. Patient group Any cat allowed access to the outdoors is potentially at risk of sustaining RTA injuries, young cats particularly so. Evidence base Many textbooks and original articles have been published on aspects of managing soft tissue injuries and skin grafting. To the author's knowledge, only two peer-reviewed papers have dealt specifically with shearing injuries, both presenting a retrospective analysis of cases in dogs. The prognosis is rarely determined by the extent of superficial skin loss, but rather by the underlying soft tissue and bone damage.
Hyperaldosteronism and Hyperprogesteronism in a Cat
Authors: Briscoe Katherine , Barrs Vanessa R , Foster Darren F , Beatty Julia A 
Published: August 2009

Clinical findings and investigations A 14-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred for investigation of progressive hair loss, muscle wasting and hind limb weakness. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed 8 months earlier and was well controlled. Abnormalities on serum biochemistry included persistent mild azotaemia, hypochloridaemia, hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis and elevated creatine kinase. Physical examination revealed a pot-bellied appearance, with muscle wasting, marked thinning and fragility of the skin, bilaterally symmetrical alopecia, a gallop rhythm and systolic hypertension (173 mmHg). A large, lobulated left adrenal mass was identified using abdominal ultrasound. Confirmation of diagnosis Primary hyperaldosteronism was diagnosed based on an elevated plasma aldosterone concentration and normal plasma renin activity. Hyperprogesteronism was confirmed by adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulation test. Practical relevance This is only the second reported case of hyperaldosteronism and hyperprogesteronism in the cat. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of concurrent hyperaldosteronism and hyperprogesteronism in cats with adrenal tumours showing clinical signs referable to both conditions. The putative mechanism is either increased secretion of aldosterone and progesterone from neoplastic cells of the zona glomerulosa and fasciculata/reticularis, respectively, or increased production of progesterone, as an intermediate in the synthesis of aldosterone, from neoplastic cells of the zona glomerulosa alone.
American Association of Feline Practitioners: Senior Care Guidelines
Authors: Pittari Jeanne , RodaN Ilona , Beekman Gerard , Gunn-Moore Daniélle , Polzin David , Taboada Joseph , Tuzio Helen , Zoran Debra 
Published: August 2009

Background Cats are the most popular pet in the United States and much of Northern Europe. Although 78% of owners consider their cats to be family members, many cats, particularly seniors, do not receive appropriate preventive care. 1 – 3 One of the main obstacles to owner compliance is the lack of a clear recommendation by the veterinary team. 4 Guidelines can help veterinarians to minimize this obstacle, strengthen the human-pet-veterinary bond, and improve the quality of life of cats. Goals The goals of this article are to assist veterinarians to: Deliver consistent high-quality care to senior cats. Promote longevity and improve the quality of life of senior cats by: recognizing and controlling health risk factors; facilitating and promoting early detection of disease; improving or maintaining residual organ function; and delaying the progression of common conditions. Define aspects of screening, diagnosis, treatment and anesthesia of senior cats.
Failures in Stapedotomy for Otosclerosis
Authors: Babighian Gregorio G. , Albu Silviu 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVETo review the results of 78 revision stapedotomies, determining the causes of failure and the predictors of surgical success.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSeventy‐eight operations were performed in a tertiary referral center on 72 patients between 1995 and 2005. Indication for surgery was recurrent or persistent conductive hearing loss.RESULTSThe most common causes of failure were prosthesis displacement, incus necrosis, and oval window fibrosis. Postoperative air‐bone gap was closed to within 10 dB in 54 percent of cases, and mean postoperative air‐bone gap was 13.6 dB. Over‐closure occurred in five percent of cases, sensorineural hearing loss in six percent of cases, and we had one postoperative dead ear. Success rates were higher in cases presenting prosthesis or ossicular malfunction than in cases with oval window problems. Hearing results did not differ if the prosthesis was crimped to either the malleus or the remnant of the long incudal process. Outcomes were similar for local or general anesthesia, and the nitinol piston did not significantly improve the hearing results.CONCLUSIONRevision stapedotomy is less successful than primary procedure. Lessening the surgical trauma provides the most favorable results.
Differential Proteomic Analysis of Nasal Polyps, Chronic Sinusitis, and Normal Nasal Mucosa Tissues
Authors: Min‐man Wu , Hong Sun , Zhi‐qiang Xiao , Xue‐ping Feng , Chang‐qi Li , Dan Liu 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVETo compare protein expression in nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis, and normal nasal mucosa tissues using proteomic technology.DESIGNCross‐sectional survey.SUBJECTS AND METHODSProteins extracted from the three kinds of tissues (seven samples per group) were separated by immobilized pH4–7 gradient two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). PDQuest software was used to analyze 2‐DE images, and the differentially expressed protein spots were identified with the use of both MALDI‐TOF‐MS and ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS. Of the differentially expressed proteins, Cu/ZnSOD and PLUNC were validated with the use of immunohistochemical tests.RESULTSHigh‐resolution, reproducible 2‐DE patterns were obtained, and 30 differentially expressed protein spots were found. The intensity of Cu/ZnSOD and PLUNC differed significantly on immunohistochemical validation.CONCLUSIONThese differentially expressed proteins are involved in airway inflammatory reaction, immune response, oxidative stress, and metabolic reaction after exposure to irritants. In the future, several of these proteins may prove useful for exploring the pathogenesis of nasal polyps and chronic sinusitis or as objective biomarkers for quantitatively monitoring disease progression or response to therapy.
Regional Variations in Chronic Rhinosinusitis, 2003–2006
Authors: Smith Wendy M. , Davidson Terence M. , Murphy Claire 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVES1. Characterize patient visits for chronic rhinosinusitis on the basis of age, gender, race, diagnostic services, and medication use. 2. Evaluate regional differences in patient visits for chronic rhinosinusitis.STUDY DESIGNAnalysis of cross‐sectional survey data from two national databases of ambulatory medical encounters.SETTINGNot applicable.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFour years (2003–2006) of data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were analyzed. Visits involving chronic rhinosinusitis were identified by using reported diagnostic codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. They were weighted to provide national estimates of care. Data were analyzed with the Pearson χ2 test using the SPSS 16.2 Complex Samples Module, taking into account the complex survey design and multiple time periods.RESULTSA total of 4617 patient visits for chronic rhinosinusitis were identified, accounting for 1.95 percent of all visits. With the application of weights to this sample, these visits represent 91.2 million national visits. A significantly higher proportion of visits in the South involved African Americans (Pearson χ2 = 69.5, F = 6.7, df = 2.8, 2118, P < 0.01). Significantly fewer diagnostic services were provided or ordered in the Northeast (Pearson χ2 = 64.8, F = 4.0, df = 4.3, 3247, P < 0.01). Providers in the Northeast were also significantly less likely to order or renew more than three medications at the visit (Pearson χ2 = 54.0, F = 3.1, df = 2.6, 1930, P < 0.05). No regional differences were seen for age, gender, or setting type.CONCLUSIONSignificant regional variations exist for chronic rhinosinusitis in patient demographics, diagnosis, and management. Continuing research is needed to refine physician awareness, evaluation, and treatment of this disorder.
Sclerotherapy of Branchial Cleft Cysts Using OK‐432
Authors: Kim Myung‐Gu , Lee No‐Hee , Ban Jae‐Ho , Lee Kyung‐Chul , Jin Sung‐Min , Lee Sang‐Hyuk 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVESOK‐432 has been widely used to treat lymphangioma and ranula; however, there are few studies for its use in treatment of branchial cleft cyst (BCC). We conducted this study to evaluate the effectiveness of sclerotherapy using OK‐432 in treatment of BCC.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGCase series with planned data collection.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFrom 2004 to 2007, we treated 23 patients with BCC using OK‐432 sclerotherapy. Of these 23 patients, 18 had unilocular cysts and five had multilocular cysts. The sizes of the BCCs were measured and compared before and after treatment.RESULTSOf the 23 cases, 14 (60.8%) showed complete regression; all of these were unilocular cysts. Of the remaining individuals with unilocular cysts, only one patient failed to show any response. This individual subsequently underwent surgical excision. A total of five patients with multilocular cysts showed no or partial response and subsequently underwent surgical excision. Minor adverse effects including fever and local pain were reported by 13 (56.5%) patients.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that sclerotherapy using OK‐432 is an effective and safe treatment modality for BCC, especially for unilocular cysts. Sclerosing of unilocular BCC with OK‐432 should therefore be considered before surgical excision.
The Medial wall of the Jugular Foramen
Authors: Keles Bahar , Semaan Maroun T. , Fayad Jose N. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVETo better understand the variable and complex anatomy of the jugular foramen (JF) and the relationship between the neurovascular structures in the medial wall of the jugular bulb (JB).STUDY DESIGNA temporal bone anatomic study.SETTINGA temporal bone laboratory within a hearing research facility.SUBJECTS AND METHODSTwenty‐two temporal bones were dissected under the operating microscope. The JF anatomy was exposed by using the modified infratemporal fossa approach (no rerouting of the facial nerve). Pictures were taken at various intervals during the dissection. Distances between important structures were measured with two‐point calipers and transferred to a millimetric scale.RESULTSThe right JF was found to be larger than the left side in 72.7 percent of the dissected temporal bones. A fibrous septum separated the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) from the vagus (CN X) and accessory (CN XI) nerves in 19 specimens (86.4%), and a complete bony septum was present in three specimens (13.6%). The CNs IX, X, and XI traveled anteromedially to the JB within the JF. The inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) drained into the medial wall of the JB at various locations by two or more channels. In most of the specimens (86.4%), the IPS separated CNs IX and X.CONCLUSIONThe lower cranial nerves have an intimate relationship to the medial wall of the JB. Within the JF, the neurovascular structures vary in size, shape, and location. To minimize surgical morbidity, the surgeon should be familiar with the complex anatomy of the JB and its variations.