bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronicling menstrual cycle patterns across the reproductive lifespan with real-world data
Authors: Cunningham Adam C. , Pal Lubna , Wickham Aidan P. , Prentice Carley , Goddard Frederick G. B. , Klepchukova Anna , Zhaunova Liudmila 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe intricate hormonal and physiological changes of the menstrual cycle can influence health on a daily basis. Although prior studies have helped improve our understanding of the menstrual cycle, they often lack diversity in the populations included, sample size, and the span of reproductive and life stages. This paper aims to describe the dynamic differences in menstrual cycle characteristics and associated symptoms by age in a large global cohort of period-tracking application users. This work aims to contribute to our knowledge and understanding of female physiology at varying stages of reproductive aging. This cohort study included self-reported menstrual cycle and symptom information in a sample of Flo application users aged 18–55. Cycle and period length and their variability, and frequency of menstrual cycle symptom logs are described by the age of the user. Based on data logged by over 19 million global users of the Flo app, the length of the menstrual cycle and period show clear age-associated patterns. With higher age, cycles tend to get shorter (Cycle length:$${\overline{\text{D}}}$$D¯ = 1.85 days, Cohen’s D = 0.59) and more variable (Cycle length SD:$${\overline{\text{D}}}$$D¯ = 0.42 days, Cohen’s D = 0.09), until close to the chronological age (40–44) suggesting menopausal transition, when both cycles and periods become longer (Cycle length:$${\overline{\text{D}}}$$D¯ = 0.86 days, t = 48.85, Cohen’s D = 0.26; Period length:$${\overline{\text{D}}}$$D¯ = 0.08, t = 15.6, Cohen’s D = 0.07) and more variable (Cycle length SD:$${\overline{\text{D}}}$$D¯ = 2.80 days, t = 111.43, d = 0.51; Period length SD:$${\overline{\text{D}}}$$D¯ = 0.23 days, t = 67.81, Cohen’s D = 0.31). The proportion of individuals with irregular cycles was highest in participants aged 51–55 (44.7%), and lowest in the 36–40 age group (28.3%). The spectrum of common menstrual cycle-related symptoms also varies with age. The frequency of logging of cramps and acne is lower in older participants, while logs of headache, backache, stress, and insomnia are higher in older users. Other symptoms show different patterns, such as breast tenderness and fatigue peaking between the ages of 20–40, or mood swings being most frequently logged in the youngest and oldest users. The menstrual cycle and related symptoms are not static throughout the lifespan. Understanding these age-related differences in cycle characteristics and symptoms is essential in understanding how best to care for and improve the daily experience for menstruators across the reproductive life span.
Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with microtia
Authors: Yang Yang , Tian Xiaoying , Sun Pengfei , Zhao Xiaoli , Hu Jintian , Pan Bo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with microtia, and to explore cardiac maldevelopment associated with microtia. This retrospective study analyzed a large cohort of microtia patients admitted to Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, from September 2017 to August 2022. The routine electrocardiographic reports of these patients were reviewed to assess the incidence and characteristics of abnormalities. The study included a total of 10,151 patients (5598 in the microtia group and 4553 in the control group) who were admitted to the Plastic Surgery Hospital of Peking Union Medical College. The microtia group had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal electrocardiographies compared to the control group (18.3% vs. 13.6%, P < 0.01), even when excluding sinus irregularity (6.1% vs. 4.4%, P < 0.01). Among the 1025 cases of abnormal electrocardiographies in the microtia group, 686 cases were reported with simple sinus irregularity. After excluding sinus irregularity as abnormal, the most prevalent abnormalities was right bundle branch block (37.5%), followed by sinus bradycardia (17.4%), ST-T wave abnormalities (13.3%), atrial rhythm (9.1%), sinus tachycardia (8.3%), and ventricular high voltage (4.7%). Less common ECG abnormalities included atrial tachycardia (2.1%), ventricular premature contraction (2.4%), and ectopic atrial rhythm (1.8%). atrioventricular block and junctional rhythm were present in 1.2% and 0.9% of the cases, respectively. Wolff Parkinson White syndrome and dextrocardia had a lower prevalence, at 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively. The occurrence of electrocardiographic abnormalities in microtia patients was found to be higher compared to the control group. These findings highlight the potential congenital defect in cardiac electrophysiology beyond the presence of congenital heart defect that coincide with microtia.
An identity-based learning community intervention enhances the lived experience and success of first-generation college students in the biological sciences
Authors: Wu Deborah J. , Gibson Tracie M. , Ziegenbein Linda M. , Phillis Randall W. , Zehnder Caralyn B. , Connor Elizabeth A. , Dasgupta Nilanjana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWorking-class first-generation (FG) college students are underrepresented in higher education and STEM. Using a longitudinal quasi-experiment, we tested the impacts of a living learning community (LLC) in the biological sciences on FG students in their first year of college (Semester 1: N = 243; Semester 2: N = 199), across three cohorts (2018–2019, 2019–2020 and 2020–2021). Participation in the LLC enhanced FG students’ belonging, confidence, motivation, grades, knowledge of the social relevance of biology, and reduced STEM anxiety compared to a control group of FG students not in an LLC. LLC participation also increased retention in biological science majors one-year post-intervention compared to the control FG group. Moreover, LLC participation closed the academic gap between FG students in the LLC and honors students from college-educated families in a separate honors LLC. Benefits of the LLC intervention remained stable despite the COVID-19 pandemic, when living together became impossible, producing positive effects across cohorts from pre-pandemic to in-pandemic. Our results suggest that affinity-based learning communities—with or without shared housing—in the transition to college enhance academic thriving, persistence, and reduce social class driven achievement gaps in STEM.
COPII cage assembly factor Sec13 integrates information flow regulating endomembrane function in response to human variation
Authors: Anglès Frédéric , Gupta Vijay , Wang Chao , Balch William E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHow information flow is coordinated for managing transit of 1/3 of the genome through endomembrane pathways by the coat complex II (COPII) system in response to human variation remains an enigma. By examining the interactome of the COPII cage-assembly component Sec13, we show that it is simultaneously associated with multiple protein complexes that facilitate different features of a continuous program of chromatin organization, transcription, translation, trafficking, and degradation steps that are differentially sensitive to Sec13 levels. For the trafficking step, and unlike other COPII components, reduction of Sec13 expression decreased the ubiquitination and degradation of wild-type (WT) and F508del variant cargo protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) leading to a striking increase in fold stability suggesting that the events differentiating export from degradation are critically dependent on COPII cage assembly at the ER Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) associated recycling and degradation step linked to COPI exchange. Given Sec13’s multiple roles in protein complex assemblies that change in response to its expression, we suggest that Sec13 serves as an unanticipated master regulator coordinating information flow from the genome to the proteome to facilitate spatial covariant features initiating and maintaining design and function of membrane architecture in response to human variation.
An effective method for small objects detection based on MDFFAM and LKSPP
Authors: Xu Zhoutian , Xu Yadong , Wang Manyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObject detection is one of the research hotspots in computer vision. However, most existing object detectors struggle with the identification of small targets. Therefore, the paper proposes two modules: the MDFFAM (Multi-Directional Feature Fusion Attention Mechanism) and the LKSPP (Large Kernel Spatial Pyramid Pooling), to enhance the detector's effectiveness in identifying subtle faults on the surface of mechanical equipment. LKSPP aims to expand the receptive field to capture high-level semantic features through large kernels. Meanwhile, the MDFFAM allows the network to efficiently utilize spatial location information and adaptively recognize detection priorities. In the detection task, MDFFAM effectively captures feature information in three spatial directions: width, height, and channel, with the location information fully utilized to establish stable long-range dependencies. Moreover, LKSPP boasts a larger receptive field and imposes less computational burden compared to the SPPCSPC by YOLOv7. Finally, experiments demonstrate that the proposed module effectively improves the detection accuracy for small targets, surpassing the state-of-the-art object detector, YOLOv7. Remarkably, MDFFAM incurs almost negligible computational overhead.
Conditional deletion of neurexin-2 impaired behavioral flexibility to alterations in action–outcome contingency
Authors: Khoja Sheraz , Chen Lulu Y. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeurexins (Nrxns) are critical for synapse organization and their mutations have been documented in autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. We recently reported that conditional deletion of Nrxn2, under the control of Emx1Cre promoter, predominately expressed in the neocortex and hippocampus (Emx1-Nrxn2 cKO mice) induced stereotyped patterns of behavior in mice, suggesting behavioral inflexibility. In this study, we investigated the effects of Nrxn2 deletion through two different conditional approaches targeting presynaptic cortical neurons projecting to dorsomedial striatum on the flexibility between goal-directed and habitual actions in response to devaluation of action–outcome (A–O) contingencies in an instrumental learning paradigm or upon reversal of A–O contingencies in a water T-maze paradigm. Nrxn2 deletion through both the conditional approaches induced an inability of mice to discriminate between goal-directed and habitual action strategies in their response to devaluation of A–O contingency. Emx1-Nrxn2 cKO mice exhibited reversal learning deficits, indicating their inability to adopt new action strategies. Overall, our studies showed that Nrxn2 deletion through two distinct conditional deletion approaches impaired flexibility in response to alterations in A–O contingencies. These investigations can lay the foundation for identification of novel genetic factors underlying behavioral inflexibility.
Ideal cardiovascular health index and high-normal blood pressure in elderly people: evidence based on real-world data
Authors: Ren Yongcheng , Cheng Lulu , Song Yaoyu , Yang Yuting , Xiang Lin , Wei Chaohua , Zhao Tiantian , Yu Shengnan , Zhang Juan , Wang Tiezhen , Yang Lei , Zhang Xiaofang , Yan Wei , Wang Pengfei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLimited information is available on the cardiovascular health (CVH) index and risk of high-normal blood pressure (HNBP) in elderly people. Randomized cluster sampling, multivariate logistic regression, and mediating effects analysis were used in this study analyze the relationship between CVH index and HNBP in the elderly. 1089 non-hypertensive residents aged 65 years or older completed the study. The positive rate of HNBP was 75.85% (male vs. female: 76.13% vs. 75.64%, P = 0.852); The ideal rate of CVH (ideal CVH index ≥ 5 items) was 14.51% (male vs. female: 15.91% vs. 13.46%, P = 0.256). Compared with people with 0–2 ideal CVH index, the risk of HNBP in people with 4 ideal indexes and ≥ 5 ideal indexes decreased by 50% and 63%, respectively, and their OR (95% CI) were 0.50 (0.31, 0.81) and 0.37 (0.21, 0.66), respectively. The results of the trend test showed that the risk of HNBP decreased by 32% for every increase in the ideal CVH index (trend P < 0.001) and TyG index does not play a mediating role in this relationship. That is, increasing the number of ideal CVH index may effectively reduce the risk of HNBP in elderly by one-third.
The effects of music combined to paired associative stimulation on motor-evoked potentials and alertness in spinal cord injury patients and healthy subjects
Authors: Holopainen Kirsi , Sihvonen Aleksi J. , Kauramäki Jaakko , Särkämö Teppo , Shulga Anastasia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPaired associative stimulation (PAS) consisting of high-intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and high-frequency peripheral nerve stimulation (known as high-PAS) induces plastic changes and improves motor performance in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Listening to music during PAS may potentially improve mood and arousal and facilitate PAS-induced neuroplasticity via auditory-motor coupling, but the effects have not been explored. This pilot study aimed to determine if the effect of high-PAS on motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and subjective alertness can be augmented with music. Ten healthy subjects and nine SCI patients received three high-PAS sessions in randomized order (PAS only, PAS with music synchronized to TMS, PAS with self-selected music). MEPs were measured before (PRE), after (POST), 30 min (POST30), and 60 min (POST60) after stimulation. Alertness was evaluated with a questionnaire. In healthy subjects, MEPs increased at POST in all sessions and remained higher at POST60 in PAS with synchronized music compared with the other sessions. There was no difference in alertness. In SCI patients, MEPs increased at POST and POST30 in PAS only but not in other sessions, whereas alertness was higher in PAS with self-selected music. More research is needed to determine the potential clinical effects of using music during high-PAS.
Dab2 (Disabled-2), an adaptor protein, regulates self-renewal of hair follicle stem cells
Authors: Roy Sayoni , Mehta Darshan , Paradkar Akshay , Chovatiya Gopal , Waghmare Sanjeev K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDisabled 2 (Dab2), an adaptor protein, is up regulated in the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs); however, its role in any tissue stem cells has not been studied. In the present study, we have reported that Dab2 conditional knockout (Dab2-cKO) mice exhibited a delay in the HF cycle due to perturbed activation of HFSCs. Further, Dab2-cKO mice showed a reduction in the number of HFSCs and reduced colony forming ability of HFSCs. Dab2-cKO mice showed extended quiescence of HFSCs concomitant with an increased expression of Nfatc1. Dab2-cKO mice showed a decreased expression of anti-aging genes such as Col17a1, decorin, Sirt2 and Sirt7. Dab2-cKO mice did not show full hair coat recovery in aged mice thereby suggesting an accelerated aging process. Overall, we unveil for the first time, the role of Dab2 that regulate activation and self-renewal of HFSCs.
Dynamic changes in somatosensory and cerebellar activity mediate temporal recalibration of self-touch
Authors: Kilteni Konstantina , Ehrsson H. Henrik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn organism’s ability to accurately anticipate the sensations caused by its own actions is crucial for a wide range of behavioral, perceptual, and cognitive functions. Notably, the sensorimotor expectations produced when touching one’s own body attenuate such sensations, making them feel weaker and less ticklish and rendering them easily distinguishable from potentially harmful touches of external origin. How the brain learns and keeps these action-related sensory expectations updated is unclear. Here we employ psychophysics and functional magnetic resonance imaging to pinpoint the behavioral and neural substrates of dynamic recalibration of expected temporal delays in self-touch. Our psychophysical results reveal that self-touches are less attenuated after systematic exposure to delayed self-generated touches, while responses in the contralateral somatosensory cortex that normally distinguish between delayed and nondelayed self-generated touches become indistinguishable. During the exposure, the ipsilateral anterior cerebellum shows increased activity, supporting its proposed role in recalibrating sensorimotor predictions. Moreover, responses in the cingulate areas gradually increase, suggesting that as delay adaptation progresses, the nondelayed self-touches trigger activity related to cognitive conflict. Together, our results show that sensorimotor predictions in the simplest act of touching one’s own body are upheld by a sophisticated and flexible neural mechanism that maintains them accurate in time.
Independent transcriptional patterns reveal biological processes associated with disease-free survival in early colorectal cancer
Authors: Knapen Daan G. , Hone Lopez Sara , de Groot Derk Jan A. , de Haan Jacco-Juri , de Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Dienstmann Rodrigo , de Jong Steven , Bhattacharya Arkajyoti , Fehrmann Rudolf S. N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Bulk transcriptional profiles of early colorectal cancer (CRC) can fail to detect biological processes associated with disease-free survival (DFS) if the transcriptional patterns are subtle and/or obscured by other processes’ patterns. Consensus-independent component analysis (c-ICA) can dissect such transcriptomes into statistically independent transcriptional components (TCs), capturing both pronounced and subtle biological processes.

Methods
In this study we (1) integrated transcriptomes (n = 4228) from multiple early CRC studies, (2) performed c-ICA to define the TC landscape within this integrated data set, 3) determined the biological processes captured by these TCs, (4) performed Cox regression to identify DFS-associated TCs, (5) performed random survival forest (RSF) analyses with activity of DFS-associated TCs as classifiers to identify subgroups of patients, and 6) performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the robustness of our results

Results
We identify 191 TCs, 43 of which are associated with DFS, revealing transcriptional diversity among DFS-associated biological processes. A prominent example is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), for which we identify an association with nine independent DFS-associated TCs, each with coordinated upregulation or downregulation of various sets of genes.

Conclusions
This finding indicates that early CRC may have nine distinct routes to achieve EMT, each requiring a specific peri-operative treatment strategy. Finally, we stratify patients into DFS patient subgroups with distinct transcriptional patterns associated with stage 2 and stage 3 CRC.
A novel neuroprotective peptide YVYAETY identified and screened fromFlammulina velutipesprotein hydrolysates attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice
Authors: Dong Yutong , Hu Qiuhui , Zhao Liyan , Ma Gaoxing , Ma Ning , Zhang Junmiao , Ji Yang , Liu Li 
Published: May 2024

YVYAETY screened fromFlammulina velutipes protein hydrolysates can be recogonized as a novel neuroprotective agent.
Constraining z ≲ 2 ultraviolet emission with the upcoming ULTRASAT satellite
Authors: Libanore Sarah , Kovetz Ely D. 
Published: May 2024

Context. The extragalactic background light (EBL) carries a huge astrophysical and cosmological content. Its frequency spectrum and redshift evolution are determined by the integrated emission of unresolved sources, with these being galaxies, active galactic nuclei, or more exotic components. The near-UV region of the EBL spectrum is currently not well constrained, yet a significant improvement can be expected thanks to the soon-to-be launched Ultraviolet Transient Astronomy Satellite (ULTRASAT). Intended to study transient events in the 2300–2900 Å observed band, this detector will provide wide field maps tracing the UV intensity fluctuations at the largest scales.
Aims. In this paper, we suggest how to exploit the ULTRASAT full-sky map as well as its low-cadence survey in order to reconstruct the redshift evolution of the UV-EBL volume emissivity. We build upon the work of Chiang et al. (2019, ApJ, 870, 120), who used the clustering-based redshift (CBR) technique to study diffuse light maps from GALEX. Their results showed the capability of the cross correlation between GALEX and SDSS spectroscopic catalogs in constraining UV emissivity, highlighting how CBR is sensitive only to extragalactic emissions, avoiding foregrounds and Galactic contributions.
Methods. In our analysis, we introduce a framework to forecast the CBR constraining power when applied to ULTRASAT and GALEX in cross correlation with the five-year DESI spectroscopic survey.
Results. We show that these will yield a strong improvement in the measurement of the UV-EBL volume emissivity. For λ = 1500 Å non-ionizing continuum below z ∼ 2, we forecast a 1σ uncertainty ≲26% (9%) with conservative (optimistic) bias priors using the ULTRASAT full-sky map. Similar constraints can be obtained from its low-cadence survey, which will provide a smaller but deeper map. Finally, we discuss how these results will foster our understanding of UV-EBL models.
Übersicht über Einsatzmöglichkeiten von In-house-Tests zum Nachweis
von systemischen Infektionskrankheiten beim Hund
Authors: Walter-Weingärtner Julia , Bergmann Michèle , Hartmann Katrin 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungZum Nachweis von Infektionskrankheiten existieren neben den in kommerziellen
Laboratorien durchführbaren Verfahren auch sogenannte Point-of-care- (POC-) oder
In-house-Tests. Diese basieren auf einem Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
(ELISA) oder anderen immunchromatografischen Testprinzipien und liefern binnen
weniger Minuten direkt vor Ort ein Testergebnis. Dieser Artikel gibt einen
Überblick über die Qualität der zahlreichen POC-Tests verschiedener Hersteller
zum Nachweis von Parvovirus-Antigen im Kot, Antigen von Dirofilaria (D.)
immitis im Blut sowie zum Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen Borrelia
(B.) burgdorferi, Anaplasma (A.) spp., Ehrlichia
(E.) spp., Leptospira (L.) spp. und Leishmania (L.)
infantum im Blut (einzeln oder in Kombinationen). Entscheidend für den
Nutzen der Tests sind ihre Sensitivität und Spezifität. Auch muss das
Vorhandensein von Antikörpern oder der Nachweis von Antigen mit dem Auftreten
einer klinischen Erkrankung einhergehen. POC-Tests zum Nachweis von
Parvovirus-Antigen im Kot besitzen zwar eine sehr hohe Spezifität, die
Sensitivität aller evaluierten Tests ist jedoch sehr niedrig. Die POC-Tests zum
Nachweis von D. immitis besitzen eine sehr hohe Sensitivität und
Spezifität. Da sie Antigen aus dem Uterus adulter, weiblicher Tiere nachweisen,
ist der Test jedoch negativ, wenn keine oder zu wenig adulte, weibliche
Dirofilarien vorhanden sind. Der POC-Test zum Nachweis von
B.-burgdorferi-Antikörpern zeigt nur den Erregerkontakt an und
nicht die klinische Erkrankung, da das Auftreten von Antikörpern nur in
seltensten Fällen mit einer Erkrankung einhergeht. Ebenso ist der POC-Test zum
Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen A. phagocytophilum zur Diagnose einer
klinischen Anaplasmose ungeeignet, da auch diese Infektion nur selten zur
Erkrankung führt und wenn, dann Symptome in der Regel vor Ausbildung der
Antikörper auftreten. Zum Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen E. canis zeigen
die POC-Tests eine sehr hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität. POC-Tests zum Nachweis
von Antikörpern gegen L. infantum und Leptospira-Spezies (spp.)
besitzen ebenfalls eine sehr hohe Spezifität und eine hohe Sensitivität. Jedoch
kann es bei Letzteren zu positiven Ergebnissen nach einer Impfung kommen, da die
Tests nicht zwischen Feld- und Impfantikörpern unterscheiden können.