bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Whole-Chromosome Analysis of Meiotic Recombination inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Miller Danny E , Takeo Satomi , Nandanan Kavyasree , Paulson Ariel , Gogol Madelaine M , Noll Aaron C , Perera Anoja G , Walton Kendra N , Gilliland William D , Li Hua , Staehling Karen K , Blumenstiel Justin P , Hawley R Scott 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAlthough traditional genetic assays have characterized the pattern of crossing over across the genome in Drosophila melanogaster, these assays could not precisely define the location of crossovers. Even less is known about the frequency and distribution of noncrossover gene conversion events. To assess the specific number and positions of both meiotic gene conversion and crossover events, we sequenced the genomes of male progeny from females heterozygous for 93,538 X chromosomal single-nucleotide and InDel polymorphisms. From the analysis of the 30 F1 hemizygous X chromosomes, we detected 15 crossover and 5 noncrossover gene conversion events. Taking into account the nonuniform distribution of polymorphism along the chromosome arm, we estimate that most oocytes experience 1 crossover event and 1.6 gene conversion events per X chromosome pair per meiosis. An extrapolation to the entire genome would predict approximately 5 crossover events and 8.6 conversion events per meiosis. Mean gene conversion tract lengths were estimated to be 476 base pairs, yielding a per nucleotide conversion rate of 0.86 × 10−5 per meiosis. Both of these values are consistent with estimates of conversion frequency and tract length obtained from studies of rosy, the only gene for which gene conversion has been studied extensively in Drosophila. Motif-enrichment analysis revealed a GTGGAAA motif that was enriched near crossovers but not near gene conversions. The low-complexity and frequent occurrence of this motif may in part explain why, in contrast to mammalian systems, no meiotic crossover hotspots have been found in Drosophila.
EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENTS ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF Al/SiCp COMPOSITES PREPARED BY NON-ASSISTED INFILTRATION
Authors: Martínez-López R. , Pech-Canul M. I. , Chaudhury Z. , González L. A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAl/SiCp composites fabricated by the non-assisted infiltration route are attractive materials for various engineering applications. However, the presence of thermal stresses can impair their mechanical properties if they are utilized directly after processing. Therefore, heat treatments are potential solutions to this problem. In this work, the effect of T6-heat-treatment on the microstructure and hardness of Al/50% SiCp composites prepared by the non-assisted infiltration route is investigated. Previous to preform preparation, the SiC powders are coated with colloidal SiO2. Infiltration tests are conducted using two experimental Al-Si-Mg alloys. The composites are sectioned in specimen sizes of 1 cm2 and prepared using standard metallographic procedures. Then they are heat treated performing a solution treatment at 350°C for 3 h and artificial aging at 170°C for 1, 3 and 5 hours. In addition, the specimens are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). They are also characterized in hardness tests, comparing the behavior for the alloy with and without the various treatments. The results show that heat treatments do not affect the matrix/reinforcement interfacial condition and that the undesirable Al4C3 phase is not developed as consequence of thermal treatments. Hardness tests show that for alloy 1 the maximum hardness value is for the solution-heat-treated samples at 350°C and 5 h aging (28.26±4.02 HC); for alloy 2 the maximum hardness is achieved with solution heat treatment at 350°C and 3 h aging (25.86±4.05 HC). For composites processed with alloy1, the maximum hardness is obtained for the solution treated sample at 350 ° C for 3 h (91.8±2.17 HC), whereas for composites processed with alloy 2 the peak hardness is obtained in solution treated samples and aged at 170°C for 1 h (95.2±0.94 HC).
New hybrid inorganic-organic proton conducting membranes based on Nafion and a [(ZrO2)·(Ta2O5)0.119] oxide core-shell nanofiller
Authors: Di Noto Vito , Piga Matteo , Negro Enrico , Giffin Guinevere A. , Lavina Sandra 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTHybrid inorganic-organic proton-conducting membranes are prepared by a standard solvent casting procedure. Nafion® is used as the host polymer and [(ZrO2)·(Ta2O5)0.119] “core-shell” nanoparticles (d ~ 10-50 nm) are incorporated as the nanofiller. This filler is characterized by a “core” of ZrO2 nanoparticles covered by a Ta2O5 “shell”. The mechanical properties of the resulting hybrid membranes determined by dynamic mechanical analysis are better than those of pristine Nafion. The elastic modulus of the hybrid membranes with a filler content greater than 5 wt% is at least 1 MPa up to 200°C, while pristine Nafion undergoes an irreversible elongation at 160°C. The hybrid membranes are characterized by promising conductivities above 115°C (7.5×10-2 S·cm-1 for 9 wt% nanofiller vs. 3.3×10-2 S·cm-1 for pristine Nafion), as determined by broadband electric spectroscopy. The single fuel cell performance at low levels of hydration of the best-performing hybrid membrane (9 wt% nanofiller) is better than that of pristine recast Nafion. The maximum power densities yielded by the MEAs fabricated with pristine Nafion and the hybrid membrane are 0.026 and 0.108 W·cm-2, respectively, at 85°C, aH2O = 0.13, a reagent back pressure = 1 bar and using pure oxygen as the oxidant.
Synthesis, structure and properties of LnBa(Co,Me)2O5+δ (Ln = Nd, Sm, Ho and Y; Me = Fe, Ni, Cu) as potential cathodes for SOFCs
Authors: Cherepanov Vladimir A. , Gavrilova Ludmila Ya. , Aksenova Tatyana V. , Urusova Anastasiya S. , Volkova Nadezhda E. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTLayered LnBa(Co,Me)2O5+δ (Ln = Nd, Sm, Ho and Y; Me = Fe, Ni, Cu) with double perovskite structure were synthesized by the solid-state reaction and glycerin-nitrate technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, iodometric titration and dilatometry. Homogeneity ranges for the solid solutions were determined. The oxygen content in LnBa(Co,Me)2O5+δ decreases with decreasing rare-earth cation size. Partial substitution of cobalt by iron increases oxygen content while introduction of copper decrease it. The average thermal expansion coefficients were calculated. Chemical compatibility of studied perovskites with Ce0.8Sm0.2O2 and Zr0.85Y0.15O2 solid electrolytes has been studied.
Recent Progress in Diamond Raman Lasers
Authors: Mildren Richard P. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn its relatively short history as a Raman laser material, CVD diamond has already demonstrated to be a forerunner in performance. Yet the more outstanding properties of the material such as its high thermal conductivity and wide transmission range remain largely unexploited. This paper summarizes the recent studies aimed to extend diamond laser capability beyond that readily achievable using other materials, focusing on in particular diamond Raman lasers in the ultraviolet, infrared and at high average powers.
High mobile electron gas at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface
Authors: Su Shanshan , You Jeong Ho 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTWe calculated the mobility of two-dimensional electron gas along an n-type interface in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure using the linearized Boltzmann equation. By solving the Schrödinger equation with the Poisson equation self-consistently, it was found that the interface remained non-conducting up to four unit cells of LaAlO3 film. For five or higher unit cells, the interface became conducting due to the significant overlap between the SrTiO3 conduction band and the LaAlO3 valence band. The electron gas was localized within 7 nm from the interface and multi-subbands were occupied. The calculated mobility matches reasonably well with available experimental data. It was found that the mobility is limited by the remote ionic charged layers in LaAlO3 at low temperature. At high temperature, the polar optical phonon was found to be the dominant scattering center.
Insight into Distribution and Switching of ReRAM Filaments Based on Variation Analysis of Memory Characteristics
Authors: Kinoshita Kentaro , Tanaka Hayato , Yoshihara Masataka , Kishida Satoru 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTA hypothesis that probability giving Δ(1/Vset) [= 1/Vset(n) - 1/Vset(n+1)] > 0, P[Δ(1/Vset) > 0], increases with increasing the number of filaments contained in one memory cell, Nfila, and decreases with increasing switching cycle, n, was made to validate a multi-filament model (MFM) as a mechanism causing the cycle to cycle dispersion of Vset in ReRAM. Here, Δ(1/Vset) is the difference between the inverse of set voltages after n-th and (n+1)-th reset processes. This in turn means that Vset will decrease with increasing Nfila and will increase with increasing n. In addition, another hypothesis that probability giving Δ(1/R) [= 1/Rn - 1/Rn+1] > 0, P[Δ(1/R) > 0], agrees with P[Δ(1/Vset) > 0] was made by incorporating the assumption that vset depends on d with the MFM. Here, Rn, vset, and d represent resistance in high resistance state after the n-th reset process, the set voltage of each filament, and the thickness of a gap between the electrode and the edge of the filament. The validity of these two hypotheses were confirmed by measuring the dependence of P[Δ(1/Vset) > 0], P[Δ(1/R) > 0], and the mean value of Vset, <Vset>, on both the length of the perimeter, L, and n of Pt/NiO/Pt structures to which filaments were introduced by etching the NiO layer.
Evaluation of the effects of phenylalanine and carboxylate on the rheological behaviors of small molecule hydrogelators containing naphthalene
Authors: Shi Junfeng , Pan Yue , Gao Yuan , Xu Bing 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBy systematically altering the number and position of phenylalanine and carboxylate groups on a series of hydrogelators containing a naphthalene motif, we evaluated the correlation of molecular structures, self-assembly, and the rheological properties of the hydrogels. The storage moduli of the hydrogels decrease with the increase of the number of phenylalanine or with the insertion of a cysteine residue, and the effect of the carboxylic group on the rheological properties depends on the backbone of the hydrogelators. Transmission electron microscopy shows that these hydrogelators self-assemble in water to form nanofibers and result in threedimensional networks. Circular dichroism experiment indicates the hydrogelators self-assemble to form β-sheet-like structure within the nanofibers. This work suggests that control of the synergy of hydrogen bonding and aromatic-aromatic interactions may offer a feasible way to modulate the rheological properties of molecular hydrogels consisting of small molecules.
Social Justice in Pandemic Preparedness
Authors: DeBruin Debra , Liaschenko Joan , Marshall Mary Faith 
Published: February 2012

Pandemic influenza planning in the United States violates the demands of social justice in 2 fundamental respects: it embraces the neutrality of procedural justice at the expense of more substantive concern with health disparities, thus perpetuating a predictable and preventable social injustice, and it fails to move beyond lament to practical planning for alleviating barriers to accessing care. A pragmatic social justice approach, addressing both health disparities and access barriers, should inform pandemic preparedness. Achieving social justice goals in pandemic response is challenging, but strategies are available to overcome the obstacles. The public engagement process of one state's pandemic ethics project influenced the development of these strategies.
Pubertal Timing and Growth Influences Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adult Males and Females
Authors: Widén Elisabeth , Silventoinen Karri , Sovio Ulla , Ripatti Samuli , Cousminer Diana L. , Hartikainen Anna-Liisa , Laitinen Jaana , Pouta Anneli , Kaprio Jaakko , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Peltonen Leena , Palotie Aarno 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
Early pubertal onset in females is associated with increased risk for adult obesity and cardiovascular disease, but whether this relationship is independent of preceding childhood growth events is unclear. Furthermore, the association between male puberty and adult disease remains unknown. To clarify the link between puberty and adult health, we evaluated the relationship between pubertal timing and risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in both males and females from a large, prospective, and randomly ascertained birth cohort from Northern Finland.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Pubertal timing was estimated based on pubertal height growth in 5,058 subjects (2,417 males and 2,641 females), and the relationship between puberty and body weight, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and blood pressure at age 31 years was evaluated with linear regression modeling.

RESULTS
Earlier pubertal timing associated with higher adult BMI, fasting insulin, diastolic blood pressure, and decreased HDL cholesterol in both sexes (P &lt; 0.002) and with higher total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in males. The association with BMI and diastolic blood pressure remained statistically significant in both sexes, as did the association with insulin levels and HDL cholesterol concentrations in males after adjusting for covariates reflecting both fetal and childhood growth including childhood BMI.

CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrate independent association between earlier pubertal timing and adult metabolic syndrome-related derangements both in males and females. The connection emphasizes that the mechanisms advancing puberty may also contribute to adult metabolic disorders.
Investigating sediments and rock structures beneath a river using underwater ERT
Authors: Epting Jannis , Wüest Andreas , Huggenberger Peter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article presents hydrogeophysical investigations performed in a well-developed, long-term hydrogeological gypsum karst research site where subsurface evaporite dissolution has led to the subsidence of a river dam and an adjacent highway; both constructed on gypsum-containing rock, southeast of Basel, Switzerland. An observation system was set up to improve the protection of surface and subsurface water resources during remedial construction measures of the highway and in order to understand the processes, as well as the temporal evolution, of rock water interaction (flow and dissolution).However, no detailed hydrogeological information beneath the river could be derived from the previous investigations. To supplement the basic knowledge on this area, underwater Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) measurements were conducted in the river bed upstream of the dam. The ERT-data are interpreted together with drill-core information and a conceptual 3D-Model of the area behind the dam and beneath the river. Results help to delineate weathered zones, associated faults and the thickness of sediment deposits behind the dam, as well as to locate voids within the local karst system. The combination of the ERT and modeling allows the optimization of future site-specific remedial construction measures.
Properties of solid dispersions of selected magnesium salts and the absorption process of Mg2+ ions in vitro
Authors: Marcoin Waclawa , Duda Henryk , Chrobak Dariusz 
Published: February 2012

Properties of solid dispersions of selected magnesium salts and the absorption process of Mg2+ ions in vitro
The paper presents an application of phosphatidylcholine 45% (PC 45) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in formulations of magnesium salts such as Mg(VitB6) and Mg(VitB6Arg) prepared by solid dispersion (SD) techniques. The evaluation of influence of the selected carriers on some physicochemical properties of solid dispersions and on the absorption process of Mg +2 ions in vitro were made. An infrared (IR) spectra study suggested creation of a hydrogen bond between the carriers and the examined magnesium salts. The results of the following thermal analysis: differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that application of PVP into SD lower the temperature of the decomposition process. However, in the case of PC 45 into SD the characteristic thermal effects of higher temperatures were observed. Moreover, values of the enthalpy SD of decomposition process were decreased. The results of these studies on absorption process of Mg2+ ions in vitro showed the positive influence of the applied carriers on the partition coefficient values (log P) in the examined formulation.
Plethyzmography in assessment of hemodynamic results of pacemaker functions programming
Authors: Wojciechowski Dariusz , Sionek Piotr , Peczalski Kazimierz , Janusek Dariusz 
Published: February 2012

Plethyzmography in assessment of hemodynamic results of pacemaker functions programming
The paper presents potential role of plethyzmography in optimization of heart hemodynamic function during pacemaker programming.
The assessment of optimal stroke volume in patients, with implanted dual chamber pacemaker (DDD), by plethyzmography was a goal of the study. The data were collected during pacing rhythm. 20 patients (8 female and 12 male, average 77.4+/-4.6 years) with dual chamber pacemaker (DDD) and with pacing rhythm during routine pacemaker control and study tests were incorporated in the study group. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed during modification of atrio-ventricular delay (AVD) for pacing rhythm of 70 bpm and 90 bpm. The time of atrioventricular was programmed with 20 ms steps within range 100-200 ms and data were recorded with two minutes delay between two consecutive measurements. Stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) were calculated from plethyzmographic signal by using Beatscope software (TNO Holand). Highest SV calculated for given pacing rhythm was named optimal stroke volume (OSV) and consequently highest cardiac output was named maximal cardiac output (MCO). The time of atrio-ventricular delay for OSV was named optimal atrioventricular delay (OAVD).
The results have showed: mean values of OAVD for 70 bpm - 152+/-33 ms and for 90 bpm -149+/-35 ms, shortening of the mean OAVD time caused by increase of pacing rate from 70 bpm to 90 bpm what resulted in statistically significant decrease of OSV with not statistically significant increase of MCO. The analysis of consecutive patients revealed three types of response to increase of pacing rhythm: 1. typical-shortening of OAVD, 2. neutral-no change of OAVD and 3.atypical-lengthening of OAVD.
Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and Variety
Authors: Kotlarz Anna , Sujak Agnieszka , Strobel Wacław , Grzesiak Wilhelm 
Published: February 2012

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and Variety
We tested nutritional usability of pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) at full maturity. Four white-flowering and 5 colour-flowering new Polish cultivars were compared. We determined proximate composition of ground seeds collected over 4 years period as well as amino acids, minerals (Ca, P, Na, K), tannins and fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL). The seeds contained between 224 and 260 g·kg-1 of crude protein which was rich in Lys (6.8±0.8 g) but poor in Met+Cys (2.0±0.2 g·16 g-1 N). The amount of tannins (as tannic acid equivalent) in white-flowering cvs was 4.3±0.9 g and in colour-flowering - 7.4±2.2 g. The calculated protein nutritional values were compared against amino acid standards of human and animal nutrition and the whole egg protein. Effects of the cropping year and variety variance in respect of chemical composition of seeds were examined. Crude protein, crude oil, N-free extractives, tannins, K, amino acid content: Leu, Phe+Tyr and Ala content were influenced significantly by the cultivar, while the cropping year had a significant influence on dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, crude fibre, crude oil, N-free extractives ADF and ADL fiber fractions, content of P, Na and K, most of the amino acid levels and on nutritional values of the protein measured by means of CS and EAAI indices.
The Content of Biologically Active Compounds in Some Fruits from Natural State
Authors: Hallmann Ewelina , Orpel Emilia , Rembiałkowska Ewa 
Published: February 2012

The Content of Biologically Active Compounds in Some Fruits from Natural State
The ornamental plants with edible fruits can play several important functions, ensuring food for the wild animals and embellishing city parks, also these fruits contain high level of bioactive compounds and therefore provide valuable endorsement to the everyday diet. The previous studies of chemical composition of such fruits were fragmentary and superficial. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyse the content of major bioactive substances in these fruits.
The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Division of Organic Food in 2010. The fruits of rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.), flowering quince (Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach), wild rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) and berry apple (Malus baccata) were selected for the study. The content of dry matter (by gravimetric method), vitamin C (by colorimetric method), carotenoids and polyphenols (by HPLC) have been determined. The results collected indicate that the fruits of wild rose were characterized by the highest diversity of biologically active compounds among the species examined. At the same time, in these fruits the highest content of vitamin C, lycopene, gallic acid, D-quercetin glucoside, and myricetin has been found compared to the fruits of the other species tested. The highest content of beta-carotene was typical for rowanberry fruits and they contained chlorogenic and caffeic acids as well as quercetin and luteolin which were not detected in the fruits of the other species. Flowering quince and berry apple fruits contained significantly more lutein in comparison with other unusual fruit species examined.
Activation of Defense Responses in Cucumber and Tomato Plants by Selected Polish Trichoderma Strains
Authors: Nawrocka Justyna , Snochowska Magdalena , Gajewska Ewa , Pietrowska Edyta , Szczech Magdalena , Małolepsza Urszula 
Published: February 2012

Activation of Defense Responses in Cucumber and Tomato Plants by Selected Polish Trichoderma Strains
The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of selected Trichoderma strains added to the growing medium on defense reactions in tomato and cucumber plants and, consequently, to increase their resistance to pathogenic infection by Rhizoctonia solani. Changes in concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total phenolics (TP), ortodihydroxyphenolics (oDP) and of lipid peroxidation and the activities of enzymes: phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), guaiacol (POG) and ascorbate (APX) peroxidases in the leaves of tomato and cucumber plants were studied as hallmarks of defense reactions. Basing on the results, a few strains of Trichoderma, causing significant changes in the parameters characteristic of plant defense mechanisms mobilization, were chosen. These results may demonstrate the participation of these fungi in the activation of systemic induced resistance (ISR) pathways. At the moment Polish Trichoderma strains seem to be a promising source of natural resistance inducers of crop plants, which in the future could could be an alternative to commonly used chemical pesticides.