bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of gold nanostructures at the surface of platinum electrode by electrodeposition for ECL detection for CE
Authors: Cao Guangming , Liu Qian , Huang Yan , Li Wang , Yao Shouzhuo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we report a sensitive method for ECL detection for CE based on generation of gold nanostructures at the surface of Pt electrode by electrodeposition. Difenidol hydrochloride was used as a model analyte. With the increase of electrodeposition amount, the morphology of gold nanostructures changed from discrete nanoflowers to dense nanoparticle array. Interestingly, the variation of deposition amount also greatly affected the ECL intensity of difenidol. The ECL intensity increased remarkably with deposition amount and reached the maximum value at the deposition amount of 7.0×10−8C; further increasing the deposition amount, however, caused the ECL intensity to decrease. Other conditions, including applied potential, injection time and voltage, buffer pH, were also optimized in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the linear response range of difenidol is from 1.0×10−8 to 5.0×10−5 M, and the detection limit was 4.0×10−9 M (S/N=3). The RSDs of ECL intensity and migration time were 2.0 and 1.6%, respectively (n=5, at 7.5 μM difenidol). Compared with using bare electrode, the detection sensitivity was significantly improved by ca. two orders of magnitude. Notably, the nanogold was prepared at the surface of electrode and no nanogold was added to the electrophoretic buffer or detection cell, thus causing no interference to the separation. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of difenidol in tablets and urine samples. With high sensitivity and good reproducibility, this method provides a promising platform for the determination of pharmaceuticals that have a tertiary amine group such as difenidol.
Novel tuneable optical elements based on nanoparticle suspensions in microfluidics
Authors: Kayani Aminuddin A. , Zhang Chen , Khoshmanesh Khashayar , Campbell Jos L. , Mitchell Arnan , Kalantar‐zadeh Kourosh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis work demonstrates the application of dielectrophoretic (DEP) control of silica nanoparticles to form tuneable optical elements within a microfluidic system. The implementation consisted of a microfluidic channel with an array of curved microelectrodes along its base. Various DEP conditions were investigated at alternating current voltage amplitudes, flow rates and frequencies from 5 to 15 V, 2 to 10 μL/min and 0 to 20 MHz, respectively. The fluid channel was filled with deionized water suspending silica particles with diameters of 230 and 450 nm. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate DEP concentration and deflection of the particles and the impact of these particles distributions on the optical transmission through the fluid channel. Both confinement and scattering of the light were observed depending on the particle dimensions and the parameters of the DEP excitation. The results of this investigation illustrate the feasibility of DEP control in an optofluidic system and represent a significant step toward the dynamic formation of electrically controlled liquid optical waveguides.
Predicting torsion‐induced lateral displacements for pushover analysis: Influence of torsional system characteristics
Authors: De Stefano Mario , Pintucchi Barbara 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe increasing popularity of simplified nonlinear methods in seismic design has recently led to many proposals for procedures aimed at extending pushover analysis to plan asymmetric structures. In terms of practical applications, one particularly promising approach is based on combining pushover analysis of a 3D structural model with the results of linear (modal) dynamic analysis. The effectiveness of such procedure, however, is contingent on one fundamental requirement: the elastic prediction of the envelope of lateral displacements must be conservative with respect to the actual inelastic one.This paper aims at verifying the above assumption through an extensive parametric analysis conducted with simplified single‐storey models. The main structural parameters influencing torsional response in the elastic and inelastic range of behaviour are varied, while devoting special attention to the system stiffness eccentricity and radius. The analysis clarifies the main features of inelastic torsional response of different types of building structures; in this manner, it is found that the above‐mentioned method is generally suitable for structures characterized by moderate to large torsional stiffness, whereas it cannot be recommended for extremely torsionally stiff structures, as their inelastic torsional response almost always exceeds the elastic one. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic steel jacketing of rectangular RC bridge columns for the mitigation of lap‐splice failures
Authors: Lin Min‐Lang , Chen Pei‐Ching , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Yu Yi‐Jer , Liu Jun‐Gu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper investigated the use of external steel jacketing for seismic retrofit of non‐ductile reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns to prevent lap‐splice failure. Three 1/2.5‐scale specimens were tested under cyclic loads. The effectiveness of two types of steel jackets for improving the ductility and strength of specimens using inadequate transverse reinforcing and lap‐splice details were examined. An octagonal steel jacketing scheme for the seismic retrofitting of rectangular RC bridge columns was proposed. In addition, the methods for seismic retrofitting rectangular columns using elliptical steel jacketing were also critically tested. The test results indicated that the octagonal steel jackets can effectively provide confinement thereby mitigating failures as a result of inadequate transverse reinforcing and inadequate lap‐splices. Tests also confirmed that the ductility performance and the energy dissipation capacity of the specimens can be significantly improved by the octagonal steel jacket. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional relative survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Permanent excess mortality risk for long‐term survivors
Authors: van der Schroeff Marc P. , van de Schans Saskia A. M. , Piccirillo Jay F. , Langeveld Ton P. M. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Janssen‐Heijnen Maryska L. G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground.Dynamic predictions on head and neck cancer survival could offer, besides improved patient counseling, insight into long‐term effects of tumor‐ and patient‐based characteristics on survival. Theoretically, there could be a certain time period after diagnosis after which the patient returns to a population risk on survival.Methods.In all, 7255 patients with a primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) aged 25 to 90 years, diagnosed between January 1980 and January 2004 in The Netherlands, were included. Conditional 5‐year relative survival for every additional year survived was computed.Results.The overall conditional relative prognosis reached a plateau after approximately 4 years; a permanent 20% to 25% excess mortality for long‐term HNSCC survivors remained.Conclusions.Conditional 5‐year relative survival for patients with HNSCC remains poorer compared to age‐ and sex‐matched counterparts in the general population, even when alive at 15 years after diagnosis. We assume that this is caused by an excess comorbidity in these patients, mainly due to smoking and alcohol abuse. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Prognostic significance of differentially expressed miRNAs in esophageal cancer
Authors: Hu Yuxin , Correa Arlene M. , Hoque Ashraful , Guan Baoxiang , Ye Fei , Huang Jie , Swisher Stephen G. , Wu Tsung Teh , Ajani Jaffer A. , Xu Xiao‐Chun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAltered microRNA (miRNA) expression has been found to promote carcinogenesis, but little is known about the role of miRNAs in esophageal cancer. In this study, we selected 10 miRNAs and analyzed their expression in 10 esophageal cancer cell lines and 158 tissue specimens using Northern blotting and in situ hybridization, respectively. We found that Let‐7g, miR‐21 and miR‐195p were expressed in all 10 cell lines, miR‐9 and miR‐20a were not expressed in any of the cell lines, and miR‐16‐2, miR‐30e, miR‐34a, miR‐126 and miR‐200a were expressed in some of the cell lines but not others. In addition, transient transfection of miR‐34a inhibited c‐Met and cyclin D1 expression and esophageal cancer cell proliferation, whereas miR‐16‐2 suppressed RAR‐β2 expression and increased tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, we found that miR‐126 expression was associated with tumor cell dedifferentiation and lymph node metastasis, miR‐16‐2 was associated with lymph node metastasis, and miR‐195p was associated with higher pathologic disease stages in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that miR‐16‐2 expression and miR‐30e expression were associated with shorter overall and disease‐free survival in all esophageal cancer patients. In addition, miR‐16‐2, miR‐30e and miR‐200a expression were associated with shorter overall and disease‐free survival in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma; however, miR‐16‐2, miR‐30e and miR‐200a expression were not associated with overall or disease‐free survival in squamous cell carcinoma patients. Our data indicate that further evaluation of miR‐30e and miR‐16‐2 as prognostic biomarkers is warranted in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. In addition, the role of miR‐34a in esophageal cancer also warrants further study.
Loss of MKK4 expression in ovarian cancer: A potential role for the epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Yeasmin Shamima , Nakayama Kentaro , Rahman Mohammed Tanjimur , Rahman Munmun , Ishikawa Masako , Katagiri Atsuko , Iida Kouji , Nakayama Naomi , Miyazaki Kohji 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the current study, we investigated the mechanism relating downregulation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) expression to development of ovarian cancer. Over‐expression of the MKK4 gene in TOV‐21 G cells, a line with homozygous deletion of MKK4, resulted in morphologic changes in which cells growing in a scattered, fibroblast‐like pattern formed tightly packed colonies. Based on a wound healing assay and a Matrigel invasion assay, we determined that both motility and invasiveness of MKK4‐transfected TOV‐21G cells were significantly reduced compared to control vector‐transfected cells. To confirm that MKK4 expression related to tumor invasion resulted from an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like morphological change, we used 2 independent but complementary approaches. MKK4 gene knockdown in MDAH 2774 cells over‐expressing MKK4 increased invasion activity. Additionally, engineered expression of MKK4 in SKOV3 cells, a line with low endogenous MKK4 expression, produced a phenotype similar to that of TOVG‐21G. Interestingly, we found that MKK4 upregulation caused downregulation of phosphorylated NF‐κB and Twist, as well as upregulation of E‐cadherin, in TOVG‐21G and SKOV3 cells. Reciprocal results were obtained in MDAH 2774 cells with MKK4 knockdown. Our results suggest that MKK4 downregulation causes increased phosphorylation NF‐κB. This promotes Twist over‐expression, resulting in E‐cadherin downregulation that induces EMT in ovarian cancer.
Adiposity, adult weight gain and mammographic breast density in US Chinese women
Authors: Tseng Marilyn , Byrne Celia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe association of adiposity with dense tissue area in the breast is unclear, but suggests a mechanism by which adiposity might increase breast cancer risk. We examined associations of body mass index (BMI), usual BMI from age 20 to 29, waist circumference and adult weight gain with breast density in a sample of premenopausal United States Chinese immigrant women. Analyses included 415 participants in a longitudinal breast density study in Philadelphia. In addition to detailed questionnaire information, data collection included measures of anthropometry, and assessment of mammographic breast density using a computer‐assisted method. We used multivariate linear regression to quantify cross‐sectional associations with dense and nondense tissue area and percent breast density assessed at baseline. In adjusted models, BMI and waist circumference were significantly positively associated with nondense tissue area and inversely associated with percent density. BMI was also significantly positively associated with dense tissue area. Adult weight gain was associated with dense tissue area after adjusting for weight from age 20 to 29. In stratified analyses, BMI and adult weight gain were significantly associated with dense tissue area among women with BMI < 23 kg/m2, and BMI was associated with nondense tissue area among women with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2. In this sample, adiposity and weight gain were associated with dense breast tissue area, although associations differed by level of adiposity. Given the potential implications of these findings for breast cancer prevention in premenopausal women, comparable studies in other population groups and with longitudinal data are needed. Reasons for the noted differences in associations by level of adiposity also warrant further investigation.
Methods for stabilizing and activating enzymes in ionic liquids—a review
Authors: Zhao Hua 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have evolved as a new type of non‐aqueous solvents for biocatalysis, mainly due to their unique and tunable physical properties. A number of recent review papers have described a variety of enzymatic reactions conducted in IL solutions; on the other hand, it is important to systematically analyze methods that have been developed for stabilizing and activating enzymes in ILs. This review discusses the biocatalysis in ILs from two unique aspects (1) factors that impact the enzyme's activity and stability, (2) methods that have been adopted or developed to activate and/or stabilize enzymes in ionic media. Factors that may influence the catalytic performance of enzymes include IL polarity, hydrogen‐bond basicity/anion nucleophilicity, IL network, ion kosmotropicity, viscosity, hydrophobicity, the enzyme dissolution, and surfactant effect. To improve the enzyme's activity and stability in ILs, major methods being explored include the enzyme immobilization (on solid support, sol–gel, or CLEA), physical or covalent attachment to PEG, rinsing withn‐propanol methods (PREP and EPRP), water‐in‐IL microemulsions, IL coating, and the design of enzyme‐compatible ionic solvents. It is exciting to notice that new ILs are being synthesized to be more compatible with enzymes. To utilize the full potential of ILs, it is necessary to further improve these methods for better enzyme compatibility. This is what has been accomplished in the field of biocatalysis in conventional organic solvents. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
GABA and glutamate immunoreactivity in tentacles of the sea anemone Phymactis papillosa (LESSON 1830)
Authors: Delgado Luz M. , Couve Eduardo , Schmachtenberg Oliver 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSea anemones have a structurally simple nervous system that controls behaviors like feeding, locomotion, aggression, and defense. Specific chemical and tactile stimuli are transduced by ectodermal sensory cells and transmitted via a neural network to cnidocytes and epithelio‐muscular cells, but the nature of the neurotransmitters operating in these processes is still under discussion. Previous studies demonstrated an important role of peptidergic transmission in cnidarians, but during the last decade the contribution of conventional neurotransmitters became increasingly evident. Here, we used immunohistochemistry on light and electron microscopical preparations to investigate the localization of glutamate and GABA in tentacle cross‐sections of the sea anemone Phymactis papillosa. Our results demonstrate strong glutamate immunoreactivity in the nerve plexus, while GABA labeling was most prominent in the underlying epithelio‐muscular layer. Immunoreactivity for both molecules was also found in glandular epithelial cells, and putative sensory cells were GABA positive. Under electron microscopy, both glutamate and GABA immunogold labeling was found in putative neural processes within the neural plexus. These data support a function of glutamate and GABA as signaling molecules in the nervous system of sea anemones. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heparanase in primary human osteoblasts
Authors: Smith Paul N. , Freeman Craig , Yu Di , Chen Mingming , Gatenby Paul A. , Parish Christopher R. , Li Rachel W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHeparanase (HPSE) is known to be involved in fracture repair in mice, but its presence and function in human bone formation remains unclear. Our aim was to determine the expression of HPSE in human bone forming osteoblasts and to better understand its role in osteogenesis. HPSE protein expression and enzymatic activity were demonstrated in osteoblasts isolated from trabecular bone specimens of patients with osteoporosis (OP) and from healthy subjects, although the levels differed markedly. Thus, low levels of HPSE expression were observed in osteoporotic osteoblasts, including in the nucleus compared to those from healthy subjects. Notably, HPSE gene expression was associated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the bone turnover marker. Gene profile studies demonstrated that osteogenic genes were downregulated in osteoporotic osteoblasts. We further exposed osteoblasts to exogenous HPSE and found that the level of histone H3 phosphorylation was increased. We provide evidence, for the first time, demonstrating that HPSE expresses and functions in human osteoblasts. Our data suggest that previously undescribed function of HPSE‐mediated osteoblastogenesis through regulation of osteogenic gene expression and histone H3 modification. HPSE upregulation may be a novel therapeutic approach in the prevention and treatment of OP. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1315–1322, 2010
Reconstruction of a Lateglacial (Younger Dryas) mountain ice field in Sutherland, northwestern Scotland, and its palaeoclimatic implications
Authors: Lukas Sven , Bradwell Tom 
Published: March 2010

AbstractQuaternary geomorphological and geological mapping of a large area (∼1800 km2) in the northwestern Scottish Highlands has led to the reconstruction of a coherent mountain ice field approximately 45 km long and 30 km wide at its maximum extent. This West Sutherland ice field covered an area of ∼350 km2 and had a mean equilibrium‐line altitude of 334 m, assuming that the outlet glaciers all reached their maxima simultaneously. Numerical dating strongly suggests a Younger Dryas (12.9–11.7 ka) age of the mapped limits of this mountain ice field. This study also shows that the area of northwestern Scotland covered by Younger Dryas glaciers was five times larger than previously thought. Palaeo‐temperature estimates, obtained from chironomid and beetle assemblages elsewhere, have been used to reconstruct palaeo‐precipitation during the Younger Dryas for west Sutherland. Using a previously published global empirical dataset, annual precipitation of 2344 ± 248 mm a−1 at sea level is inferred from our new palaeo‐glacier reconstruction, suggesting slightly wetter conditions compared to the present day. These figures are in good agreement with those reconstructed for other parts of the Scottish Highlands and Islands, and this may indicate a marked W–E palaeo‐precipitation gradient during the Younger Dryas. This paper goes on to discuss the wider validity of palaeo‐climatic reconstructions from inferred palaeo‐glacier geometries and presents a number of possible Scottish Lateglacial climate scenarios which warrant further testing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of phosphate treatments on microbiological, physicochemical changes of spent hen muscle marinated with Tom Yum paste during chilled storage
Authors: Wongwiwat Pirinya , Wattanachant Saowakon , Siripongvutikorn Sunisa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: This research aimed to study the effect of phosphate on quality of ready‐to‐cook spent hen muscle marinated with Tom Yum paste, a famous Thai food made from chilli, lime leaves and garcinia (pH 2.5–2.9). The effects of phosphate treatments (phosphate types, soaking time, and phosphate concentration) on physical characteristics of spent hen muscle in high acid condition were investigated. Quality changes of muscles pretreated with or without phosphate and marinated with Tom Yum paste were determined during storage at 4 °C for 30 days.RESULTS: The acidified muscle pretreated with 40 g L−1 sodium tripolyphosphate for 10 h had the highest marinade absorption, and the lowest cooking loss and shear force among all treatment samples. Microstructures of acidified muscle pretreated with and without sodium tripolyphosphate showed significant swelling with larger fibre diameter. Phosphate pretreatment had no influence on cooking loss, shear force and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values of Tom Yum marinated muscle during storage. Tom Yum marination with phosphate pretreatment caused a higher increase in psychrophilic bacteria compared to that of marinating without phosphate.CONCLUSION: Phosphate pretreatment could not improve the physical quality of Tom‐Yum marinated spent hen muscle and affected the antimicrobial property of Tom‐Yum marinade, resulting in a reduction of shelf‐life of the marinated muscle from 30 days to 20 days. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of different buffers for detection and separation in determination of physio‐active components in oolong tea infusion by CZE with amperometric detection
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Li Zicheng , Zhu Jinkun , Wang Qingjiang , He Pingang , Fang Yuzhi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWith a view of simultaneous determination of physio‐active ingredients in oolong tea infusion: sugars, amino acids, epigallocatechin gallate and ascorbic acid, a novel CZE with amperometric detection method was studied. Operated in a wall‐jet configuration, 100 mmol/L NaOH was used in detecting cell to lead the electrocatalysis oxidation behaviors of the analytes on a 300 μm diameter copper‐disc electrode (working electrode), while in separating capillary, a mild alkaline running buffer consisting in a mixture of 30 mmol/L borate and 40 mmol/L phosphates charged and carried analytes to detecting end. The methodology research was performed for system stability and suitability. Under the optimal CE conditions, analytes could be separated within moderate time period. Good linearity between peak area and concentration existed over three orders of magnitude; lower RSD and LOD were achieved. The oolong tea infusion was assayed and result was satisfactory.
A discussion on the process of defining 2‐D separation selectivity
Authors: Stevenson Paul G. , Mnatsakanyan Mariam , Francis Andrew R. , Shalliker R. Andrew 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this manuscript, we investigate the importance that must be placed on the selection of standard compounds when undertaking studies to optimize the performance of 2‐D‐HPLC separations. A geometric approach to factor analysis and a measure of peak density across the separation space were applied to assess localized measures of component distributions within the 2‐D separation plane. The results of this analysis of data showed that the measure of separation quality varied markedly, depending on the elution zone for which the test was undertaken. The study concluded that if standards cannot be obtained that adequately describe the entire sample matrix, the sample itself should be used, and also, the separation should be optimized for regions of interest, not necessarily the separation as a whole.