bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Modified EPI sequence for high‐resolution imaging at ultra‐short echo time
Authors: Hetzer Stefan , Mildner Toralf , Möller Harald E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA robust modification of echo‐planar imaging dubbed double‐shot echo‐planar imaging with center‐out trajectories and intrinsic navigation (DEPICTING) is proposed, which permits imaging at ultra‐short echo time. The k‐space data is sampled by two center‐out trajectories with a minimal delay achieving a temporal efficiency similar to conventional single‐shot echo‐planar imaging. Intersegment phase and intensity imperfections are corrected by exploiting the intrinsic navigator information from both central lines, which are subsequently averaged for image reconstruction. Phase errors induced by inhomogeneities of the main magnetic field are corrected in k‐space, recovering the superior point‐spread function achieved with center‐out trajectories. The minimal echo time (<2 msec) is nearly independent of the acquisition matrix permitting applications, which simultaneously require high spatial and temporal resolution. Examples of demonstrated applications include anatomical imaging, BOLD‐based functional brain mapping, and quantitative perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Artificial perineurium to enhance nerve recovery from damage after neurolysis
Authors: Okui Nobuyuki , Yamamoto Michiro , Fukuhira Yukako , Kaneko Hiroaki , Hirata Hitoshi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe have developed a novel biodegradable poly‐lactide (PLA) film (honeycomb film) with a micropatterned porous structure on one side. We hypothesized that this film could be used as a substitute for perineurium. We used two types of thin PLA film: honeycomb film and cast film with smooth surfaces on both sides. In a rat extensive internal neurolysis model, the nerve was wrapped with honeycomb film (group H) or cast film (group CA), or left unwrapped (group C). Histological and functional analyses were performed. The honeycomb film closely attached to the nerve surface but did not adhere to surrounding tissues. In contrast, nerves in group C displayed severe adhesion to the neural bed. Mean percent wet muscle weight and motor nerve conduction velocity were significantly higher in group H than in group C. The honeycomb film prevents nerve adhesion and enhances functional recovery after extensive neurolysis. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Gender influences cardiac function in the mdx model of duchenne cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bostick Brian , Yue Yongping , Duan Dongsheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAged mdx mice represent an important model for studying Duchenne cardiomyopathy. Herein we compared the cardiac phenotypes of 22‐month‐old male and female mdx mice. Surprisingly, only females displayed the characteristic cardiac dilation on pressure–volume loop analysis. Female mdx mice also exhibited lower contractility, larger Q waves, and higher ratios of heart weight to body weight. Our results reveal significant gender disparity in mdx cardiac function. Gender should be considered when using the mdx model for the study of Duchenne cardiomyopathy. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Reversible conduction failure in pharyngeal‐cervical‐brachial variant of guillain‐barré syndrome
Authors: Capasso Margherita , Notturno Francesca , Manzoli Claudia , Yuki Nobuhiro , Uncini Antonino 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn two patients with the pharyngeal–cervical–brachial variant (PCB) of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), low amplitude distal compound muscle action potentials and partial motor conduction blocks normalized without development of excessive temporal dispersion within 4 weeks. Sensory nerve action potentials significantly improved in amplitude or, when absent, rapidly became recordable at follow‐up. Besides axonal degeneration, PCB is characterized by reversible conduction failure in both motor and sensory fibers and is in the continuous spectrum of axonal GBS subtypes. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Statin‐associated myopathy and its exacerbation with exercise
Authors: Meador Benjamin M. , Huey Kimberly A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are a common and effective treatment for hypercholesterolemia, with a low overall rate of side‐effects. The most common complication is some degree of skeletal muscle myopathy, ranging from painless serum creatine kinase elevations to rhabdomyolysis. Unfortunately, the likelihood and/or severity of complications increases with the combination of statin treatment and physical activity. The specific pathways that mediate statin‐associated myopathy are unclear, and research directly addressing the exacerbation with exercise is limited. Potential mechanisms include the induction of skeletal muscle fiber apoptosis, alterations in ubiquitin–proteasome pathway activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and terpenoid depletion. In this review we provide an overview of research that specifically addresses the combination of statin‐associated myopathy and physical activity and highlight some deficiencies in the available literature, as well as future directions for this important subset of statin‐associated myopathy. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Efficient algorithms for multiscale modeling in porous media
Authors: Wheeler Mary F. , Wildey Tim , Xue Guangri 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe describe multiscale mortar mixed finite element discretizations for second‐order elliptic and nonlinear parabolic equations modeling Darcy flow in porous media. The continuity of flux is imposed via a mortar finite element space on a coarse grid scale, while the equations in the coarse elements (or subdomains) are discretized on a fine grid scale. We discuss the construction of multiscale mortar basis and extend this concept to nonlinear interface operators. We present a multiscale preconditioning strategy to minimize the computational cost associated with construction of the multiscale mortar basis. We also discuss the use of appropriate quadrature rules and approximation spaces to reduce the saddle point system to a cell‐centered pressure scheme. In particular, we focus on multiscale mortar multipoint flux approximation method for general hexahedral grids and full tensor permeabilities. Numerical results are presented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of these approaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled segmentation and denoising/deblurring models for hyperspectral material identification
Authors: Li Fang , Ng Michael K. , Plemmons Robert J. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYA crucial aspect of spectral image analysis is the identification of the materials present in the object or scene being imaged and to quantify their abundance in the mixture. An increasingly useful approach to extracting such underlying structure is to employ image classification and object identification techniques to compressively represent the original data cubes by a set of spatially orthogonal bases and a set of spectral signatures. Owing to the increasing quantity of data usually encountered in hyperspectral data sets, effective data compressive representation is an important consideration, and noise and blur can present data analysis problems. In this paper, we develop image segmentation methods for hyperspectral space object material identification. We also couple the segmentation with a hyperspectral image data denoising/deblurring model and propose this method as an alternative to a tensor factorization methods proposed recently for space object material identification. The model provides the segmentation result and the restored image simultaneously. Numerical results show the effectiveness of our proposed combined model in hyperspectral material identification. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taphonomy and interpretation: An analytical framework for social zooarchaeology
Authors: Orton D. C. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTTaphonomy is central to many attempts to address social questions from archaeological animal remains, especially where those questions relate to practices of consumption and deposition. Without a clear analytical framework for this purpose, however, results can verge on the anecdotal. Following a review of the structure of taphonomy, this paper presents just such a framework designed to isolate archaeologically relevant patterns of behaviour through a comprehensive, quantitative analysis of numerous taphonomic variables. The typical formation processes shaping zooarchaeological assemblages are grouped into five broad stages and considered in reverse chronological order, allowing the analyst to work backwards towards the ‘death assemblage’ while identifying evidence of cultural practices. Particular attention is paid to differences between taxa, context types, phases, etc., that cannot be explained in mechanistic terms. This process is illustrated with selected data from a wider study of the Vinča (late Neolithic) site of Gomolava, Serbia, tracing the identification of one particular set of depositional practices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A qualitative study of workers with chronic pain in Brazil and its social consequences
Authors: Silva Fabiana Caetano Martins , Sampaio Rosana Ferreira , Mancini Marisa Cotta , Luz Madel Terezinha , Alcântara Marcus Alessandro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChronic pain contributes towards less diversified participation centred on household activities, fewer social relationships and smaller number of recreational activities. The aim of the study was to further investigate the effects of chronic pain on participation, focusing on how workers deal with the experienced restrictions. Ten workers with chronic pain participated in the survey, which was conducted with qualitative interviews. Analyses of thematic units revealed that chronic pain has consequences for participation, leading to work restrictions and loss of social roles. Social relationships tend to be limited to family, and workers become isolated from other social groups. The rebuilding of participants' lives was a counterpoint to the identified social rupture. The narratives revealed strategies for dealing with pain, attempts at reorganizing their daily activities and formulating new plans. Understanding what resources individuals use to cope with their difficulties allow occupational therapists to plan client‐centred treatment goals. A limitation of the study was to involve employees of very similar socio‐economic classes. Studies directed to understanding the relationship between social support and the reconstruction of participation must be conducted to further advance knowledge on possible mechanisms underlying social participation among workers with chronic pain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of tissue‐ and stimulus‐specific cell fate decisions byp53 in vivo
Authors: Jackson James G , Post Sean M , Lozano Guillermina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe tumour suppressorp53pathway is often inactivated by multiple mechanisms in the genesis of human cancers. Aberrant cellular proliferation, DNA damage, hypoxia, and ribosomal stress cause activation of thep53tumour suppressor with multiple possible consequences to the cell: cell death, cell cycle arrest, or senescence. These mechanisms ultimately ensure that the cell does not replicate, and are thus potent tumour suppressor mechanisms. An important question that has eluded the field is howp53makes these cell fate decisions. This review summarizes the current status of knowledge regardingp53‐mediated stress and tissue‐dependent cell fate decisions in mouse models and human tumours. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of mutant p53 in human cancer
Authors: Goh Amanda M , Coffill Cynthia R , Lane David P 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMutations in the TP53 (p53) gene are present in a large fraction of human tumours, which frequently express mutant p53 proteins at high but heterogeneous levels. The clinical significance of this protein accumulation remains clouded. Mouse models bearing knock‐in mutations of p53 have established that the mutant p53 proteins can drive tumour formation, invasion and metastasis through dominant negative inhibition of wild‐type p53 as well as through gain of function or ‘neomorphic’ activities that can inhibit or activate the function of other proteins. These models have also shown that mutation alone does not confer stability, so the variable staining of mutant proteins seen in human cancers reflects tumour‐specific activation of p53‐stabilizing pathways. Blocking the accumulation and activity of mutant p53 proteins may thus provide novel cancer therapeutic and diagnostic targets, but their induction by chemotherapy may paradoxically limit the effectiveness of these treatments. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dynamic roles of TGF‐β in cancer
Authors: Meulmeester Erik , ten Dijke Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signalling pathway plays a critical and dual role in the progression of human cancer. During the early phase of tumour progression, TGF‐β acts as a tumour suppressor, exemplified by deletions or mutations in the core components of the TGF‐β signalling pathway. On the contrary, TGF‐β also promotes processes that support tumour progression such as tumour cell invasion, dissemination, and immune evasion. Consequently, the functional outcome of the TGF‐β response is strongly context‐dependent including cell, tissue, and cancer type. In this review, we describe the molecular signalling pathways employed by TGF‐β in cancer and how these, when perturbed, may lead to the development of cancer. Concomitantly with our increased appreciation of the molecular mechanisms that govern TGF‐β signalling, the potential to therapeutically target specific oncogenic sub‐arms of the TGF‐β pathway increases. Indeed, clinical trials with systemic TGF‐β signalling inhibitors for treatment of cancer patients have been initiated. However, considering the important role of TGF‐β in cardiovascular and many other tissues, careful screening of patients is warranted to minimize unwanted on‐target side effects. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Betel‐derived alkaloid up‐regulates keratinocyte alphavbeta6 integrin expression and promotes oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Moutasim Karwan A , Jenei Veronika , Sapienza Karen , Marsh Daniel , Weinreb Paul H , Violette Shelia M , Lewis Mark P , Marshall John F , Fortune Farida , Tilakaratne Waninayaka M , Hart Ian R , Thomas Gareth J 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a premalignant, fibrosing disorder of the mouth, pharynx, and oesophagus, with a malignant transformation rate of 7–13%. OSF is strongly associated with areca (betel) nut chewing and worldwide, over 5 million people are affected. As αvβ6 integrin is capable of promoting both tissue fibrosis and carcinoma invasion, we examined its expression in fibroepithelial hyperplasia and OSF. αvβ6 was markedly up‐regulated in OSF, with high expression detected in 22 of 41 cases (p < 0.001). We investigated the functional role of αvβ6 using oral keratinocyte‐derived cells genetically modified to express high αvβ6 (VB6), and also NTERT‐immortalized oral keratinocytes, which express low αvβ6 (OKF6/TERT‐1). VB6 cells showed significant αvβ6‐dependent activation of TGF‐β1, which induced transdifferentiation of oral fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and resulted in up‐regulation of genes associated with tissue fibrosis. These experimental in vitro findings were confirmed using human clinical samples, where we showed that the stroma of OSF contained myofibroblasts and that TGF‐β1‐dependent Smad signalling was detectable both in keratinocytes and in myofibroblasts. We also found that arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nuts, up‐regulated keratinocyte αvβ6 expression. This was modulated through the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and was suppressed by the M4 antagonist, tropicamide. Arecoline‐dependent αvβ6 up‐regulation promoted keratinocyte migration and induced invasion, raising the possibility that this mechanism may support malignant transformation. Over 80% of OSF‐related oral cancers examined had moderate/high αvβ6 expression. These data suggest that the pathogenesis of OSF may be epithelial‐driven and involve arecoline‐dependent up‐regulation of αvβ6 integrin. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New insights in sarcoma oncogenesis: a comprehensive analysis of a large series of 160 soft tissue sarcomas with complex genomics
Authors: Gibault Laure , Pérot Gaëlle , Chibon Frédéric , Bonnin Sarah , Lagarde Pauline , Terrier Philippe , Coindre Jean‐Michel , Aurias Alain 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAdult soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare tumours of mesenchymal lineage. Based on cytogenetic and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) data, they can be divided into ‘STS with simple genomics’, displaying a characteristic genetic alteration, and ‘STS with complex genomics’ (SCG), where multiple genomic alterations occur. This latter group is mostly composed of leiomyosarcomas (LMS) and pleiomorphic undifferentiated tumours previously labelled as ‘malignant fibrous histiocytomas’ (MFH), corresponding in fact to myxofibrosarcomas (MFS), pleiomorphic liposarcomas/rhabdomyosarcomas (P‐LPS, P‐RMS), and undifferentiated pleiomorphic sarcomas (UPS). Their pathobiology is still not well understood, leading to challenges in diagnosis and therapeutic management. We report here a comprehensive study encompassing array‐CGH and transcriptome analysis data of a large series of 160 SCG. Non‐supervised clustering of transcriptome data led to the identification of five groups of tumours, one of them (group A) corresponding to well‐differentiated LMS and the other four (B–E) to ‘MFH’ and poorly differentiated LMS. Welch analysis of transcriptome data in these groups allowed us to retrieve several genes of potential interest. Among them, RB1 alteration is a constant thread in SCG, often associated with RBL2 loss. PTEN tumour suppressor deletion would also stand out as a major recurrent event, especially in groups A, C, and D. The WNT canonical pathway could be potentially involved, as demonstrated by up‐regulation of one of its inhibitors, DKK1, in groups D and E, whereas DKK1 is significantly down‐regulated in groups A, B, and C. These data suggest a very complex interplay between pathways downstream of PTEN and the WNT canonical pathway, providing new hints about SCG pathobiology and their potential therapeutic targets. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notch signalling in T‐cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma and other haematological malignancies
Authors: Aster Jon C , Blacklow Stephen C , Pear Warren S 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNotch receptors participate in a highly conserved signalling pathway that regulates normal development and tissue homeostasis in a context‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Deregulated Notch signalling has been implicated in many diseases, but the clearest example of a pathogenic role is found in T‐cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (T‐LL), in which the majority of human and murine tumours have acquired mutations that lead to aberrant increases in Notch1 signalling. Remarkably, it appears that the selective pressure for Notch mutations is virtually unique among cancers to T‐LL, presumably reflecting a special context‐dependent role for Notch in normal T‐cell progenitors. Nevertheless, there are some recent reports suggesting that Notch signalling has subtle, yet important roles in other forms of haematological malignancy as well. Here, we review the role of Notch signalling in various blood cancers, focusing on T‐LL with an eye towards targeted therapeutics. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical cancer genomics: how soon is now?
Authors: Taylor Barry S. , Ladanyi Marc 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGermline and somatic alterations in DNA mediate the genesis and progression of human cancers. Not only do these events represent the molecular underpinnings of disease but many are of immense clinical importance as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. In fact, rapidly evolving sequencing technologies have empowered enormous growth in the breadth and depth of cancer genome characterization. Whether these will impact routine clinical practice and the treatment of disease is no longer debatable, but how precisely this will happen is a source of ongoing speculation and development. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of proton pump inhibitors increased the risk of hip fracture: a population‐based case–control study
Authors: Chiu Hui‐Fen , Huang Ya‐Wen , Chang Chih‐Ching , Yang Chun‐Yuh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether the use of proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based case–control study in Taiwan. Data were retrospectively collected from the Taiwan National health Insurance Research Database. Cases included all patients with a newly diagnosed of hip fracture in 2005 and 2006 (n = 1241). The controls were pair matched to cases by age, sex, and index date. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using multiple logistic regression.ResultsHaving been prescribed more than 28 defined daily dose (DDDs) of PPIs was associated with an increased risk for hip fracture in multivariate analyses (adjustments for matching variables and medication use) (at 29–70 DDDs, OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.11–2.51 and at >70 DDDs, OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.77–3.55). There was a significant trend toward increasing hip fracture risk with increasing cumulative DDDs of PPIs (p for trend <0.0001).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that PPIs use is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in a dose–response manner. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.