bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated CO2 enhances decomposition and modifies litter‐associated fungal assemblages in a natural Eucalyptus woodland
Authors: Nielsen Uffe N. , Bristol Dylan , Blyton Michaela , Delroy Brendan , Powell Jeff R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Litter decomposition is a key process governing carbon and nutrient cycles in forest ecosystems that is expected to be impacted by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations.

We conducted two complementary field studies to assess the effects of elevated CO2 on Eucalyptus tereticornis litter decomposition processes. First, we used bags of two different mesh sizes to assess the effect of macrofauna and elevated CO2 over 24 months on mass loss of litter grown under ambient CO2. We then assessed the effect of elevated CO2 during the decomposition of litter grown under each combination of (i) ambient CO2 or elevated CO2 and (ii) during a psyllid outbreak that triggered significant canopy loss or later in canopy developing when psyllid densities were low.

Both macrofauna and elevated CO2 enhanced mass loss at late decay stages in the first study, with no interactive effect. Again, mass loss was greater at elevated CO2 at late decay stages in the second study, particularly for non‐psyllid‐impacted litter grown at elevated CO2. In both studies, CO2 concentration during decomposition influenced fungal assemblages and these effects were observed before any effects on decomposition were observed, with some fungi linked to saprotrophic guilds being found with higher frequency under elevated CO2. CO2 concentrations under which leaves developed and whether leaves were psyllid‐impacted was also important in shaping fungal assemblages.

Synthesis. The positive effect on mass loss at late decay stages is contrary to previous findings where elevated CO2 generally reduced decomposition rates. Our results show that elevated CO2 effects on decay rates are context‐specific. Further research is required to establish the mechanisms through which this occurs to better model elevated CO2 effects on global carbon dynamics.

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Whole‐exome sequencing‐based mutational profiling of hepatocellular adenoma malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bu Yichao , Huang Run , Gao Jun , Qu Weifeng , Fu Xiutao , Liu Weiren , Ding Zhenbin , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Wang Xin , Chen Diyu , Tang Zheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHepatocellular adenoma (HCA) represents a rare benign hepatic neoplasm with potential for malignant transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the genomic landscape of this process to identify therapeutic strategies for blocking malignant transformation. Using micro‐detection techniques, we obtained specimens of adenoma, cancerous neoplasm and adjacent normal liver from three patients undergoing hepatic resection surgery. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed, and genomic interactions between HCA and HCC components within the same tumour were evaluated using somatic variant calling, copy number variation (CNV) analysis, clonality evaluation and mutational signature analysis. Our results revealed genomic heterogeneity among patient cases, yet within each sample, HCA and HCC tissues exhibited a similar mutational landscape, suggesting a high degree of homology. Using nonnegative matrix factorization and phylogenetic trees, we identified shared and distinct mutational characteristics and uncovering necessary pathways associated with HCA–HCC malignant transformation. Remarkably, we found that HCA and HCC shared a common monoclonal origin while displaying significant genetic diversity within HCA–HCC tumours, indicating fundamental genetic connections or evolutionary pathways between the two. Moreover, elevated immune therapy‐related markers in these patients suggested heightened sensitivity to immune therapy, providing novel avenues for the treatment of hepatic malignancies. This study sheds light on the genetic mechanisms underlying HCA–HCC progression, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention and highlighting the promise of immune‐based therapies in managing hepatic malignancies.
The community of root fungi is associated with the growth rate of Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Authors: Hamberg Leena , Vanhatalo Jarno , Velmala Sannakajsa , Taylor Andy F. S. , MacKay John , Caron Sébastien , Asiegbu Fred O. , Sievänen Risto , Raumonen Pasi , Hytönen Tuija , Pennanen Taina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOur study delved into the relationship between root‐associated fungi, gene expression and plant morphology in Norway spruce cuttings derived from both slow‐and fast‐growing trees. We found no clear link between the gene expression patterns of adventitious roots and the growth phenotype, suggesting no fundamental differences in the receptiveness to fungal symbionts between the phenotypes. Interestingly, saplings from slow‐growing parental trees exhibited a higher richness of ectomycorrhizal species and larger roots. Some ectomycorrhizal species, typically found on mature spruces, were more prevalent on saplings from slow‐growing spruces. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungus, Hyaloscypha hepaticola, showed a stronger association with saplings from fast‐growing spruces. Moreover, saplings from slow‐growing spruces had a greater number of Ascomycete taxa and free‐living saprotrophic fungi. Aboveground sapling stems displayed some phenotypic variation; saplings from fast‐growing phenotypes had longer branches but fewer whorls in their stems compared to those from the slow‐growing group. In conclusion, the observed root‐associated fungi and phenotypic characteristics in young Norway spruces may play a role in their long‐term growth rate. This suggests that the early interactions between spruces and fungi could potentially influence their growth trajectory.
Antenatal pyelonephritis hospitalisation trends, risk factors and associated adverse outcomes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gandhi Christy , Wen Timothy , Liu Lilly Y. , Booker Whitney A. , D'Alton Mary E. , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse trends, risk factors and adverse outcomes associated with antenatal pyelonephritis hospitalisations.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingA national sample of US delivery hospitalisations with associated antenatal hospitalisations.PopulationUS delivery hospitalisations in the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2020.MethodsAntenatal hospitalisations with a pyelonephritis diagnosis within the 9 months before delivery hospitalisation were analysed. Clinical, demographic and hospital risk factors associated with antenatal pyelonephritis hospitalisations were analysed with unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios as measures of effect. Temporal trends in antenatal pyelonephritis hospitalisations were analysed with Joinpoint regression to determine the relative measure of average annual percent change (AAPC). Risk for severe maternal morbidity and sepsis during antenatal pyelonephritis hospitalisations was similarly analysed with Joinpoint regression.ResultsOf an estimated 10.2 million delivery hospitalisations, 49 140 (0.48%) had an associated antenatal pyelonephritis hospitalisation. The proportion of deliveries with a preceding antenatal pyelonephritis hospitalisation decreased by 29% from 0.56% in 2010 to 0.40% in 2020 (AAPC −2.9%, 95% CI −4.0% to −1.9%). Antenatal pyelonephritis decreased, but risk for sepsis diagnoses increased during these hospitalisations from 3.7% in 2010 to 18.0% in 2020 (AAPC 17.2%, 95% CI 14.2%–21.1%). Similarly, risk for severe morbidity increased from 2.6% in 2010 to 4.4% in 2020 (AAPC 5.5%, 95% CI 0.8%–10.7%).ConclusionAntenatal pyelonephritis admissions appear to be decreasing in the USA. However, these hospitalisations are associated with a rising risk for sepsis and severe maternal morbidity.
Parents' mental state language and child gender: A scoping review of developmental evidence
Authors: Farrell Callyn , Sanderson Ellen , Mulvihill Aisling , Thai Michael , Slaughter Virginia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMental state language (MSL) is an important mechanism through which children learn about their social world and place within it. Previous research has suggested that parents may use MSL differently towards children based on their child's gender. However, findings are inconsistent. This scoping review explores the consistency of reported differences in parents' MSL use as a function of children's gender while exploring the methodological variables that may provide insights into these differences. Based on a review of the 27 studies included, 12 found a significant relationship between child gender and parents' MSL, while the remaining did not. The included studies used a range of methodological approaches to elicit MSL. This scoping review allows researchers and practitioners to reflect upon assumptions regarding the associations between child gender and parents' MSL. Further, we call for the use of diverse and informed approaches when studying these associations from a developmental perspective in the future.
COVID‐19 school closures and Chinese children's school readiness: Results from the natural experimental data
Authors: Tan Tony Xing , Wang Joy Huanhuan , Zhou Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsTo determine the associations between COVID‐19 school closures and school readiness skills for Chinese kindergarteners.DesignWe utilized the natural experimental condition created by local COVID‐19 outbreaks in 2022 (Study 1) to compare school readiness skills of children whose kindergartens were closed for 5 months (Group 1) with children whose kindergartens stayed open (Group 2). We further compared the school readiness skills of one pre‐COVID‐19 cohort (Cohort 2019) with one COVID‐19 cohort (Cohort 2021) from a fifth kindergarten (Study 2).SamplesFor Study 1, Group 1 included 445 children and Group 2 included 584 children aged 4–6 years. For Study 2, Cohort 2019 included 156 children and Cohort 2021 included 228 children aged 3–6 years.MeasuresFor both studies, survey data on four school readiness skills were collected from parents. Additionally, Study 1 collected parental locus of control data from parents.ResultsControlling for covariates, Study 1 revealed that Group 1 and Group 2 did not differ in terms of language and emergent literacy or approaches to learning. However, Group 1 scored lower than Group 2 on health and well‐being and arts and imagination. Study 2 revealed that Cohort 2021 scored higher than Cohort 2019 on language and emergent literacy but lower on the other three skills.ConclusionsThe associations of COVID‐19 school closures with Chinese children's school readiness skills were not uniform, with a positive relation with language and emergent literacy and negative associations with health and well‐being, approaches to learning, as well as arts and imagination.
Response rates to second‐line treatment with daratumumab bortezomib dexamethasone (DVD) in relapsed/refractory light chain amyloidosis (AL) after initial Bortezomib‐based regime
Authors: Bomsztyk Joshua , Ravichandran Sriram , Khwaja Jahanzaib , Cohen Oliver , Rauf Muhammad U. , Foard Darren , Martinez‐Naharro Ana , Venneri Lucia , Whelan Carol , Fontana Marianna , Hawkins Philip N. , Gillmore Julian , Lachmann Helen , Mahmood Shameem , Wechalekar Ashutosh D 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBortezomib is regularly used as frontline therapy for systemic AL amyloidosis. We assess the efficacy of second‐line daratumumab‐bortezomib‐dexamethasone (DVD) in AL amyloidosis in bortezomib‐exposed patients. A total of 116 patients treated with second‐line DVD were identified from a prospective observational study of newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis (ALchemy). DVD was initiated in both the relapsed setting or where there was an inadequate response defined as very good partial response (VGPR) or VGPR with organ progression/lack of organ improvement. A complete response (CR)/VGPR to second‐line DVD was achieved in 81 (69.8%) patients. A CR/VGPR was achieved in 67 (79.7%) in those who achieved a VGPR/CR to first line versus 14/32 (43.8%) in those who did not. Where DVD was initiated due to an inadequate response to first line (vs. at relapse), the median event‐free survival (EFS) was 18 vs. 34 months (p = 0.002). If a CR/VGPR was achieved to DVD, the 2‐year EFS was still lower in those with prior inadequate response 54% vs. 66% (p = 0.062). DVD is an efficacious second‐line treatment in systemic AL amyloidosis in a bortezomib‐exposed population. However, the response to DVD is poorer in those with an inadequate response to first‐line bortezomib.
Silibinin, a commonly used therapeutic agent for non‐alcohol fatty liver disease, functions through upregulating intestinal expression of fibroblast growth factor 15/19
Authors: Bai Yujie , Zhang Jing , Li Jialin , Liao Minghui , Zhang Yajing , Xia Yufeng , Wei Zhifeng , Dai Yue 
Published: June 2024

Background and PurposeSilibinin is used to treat non‐alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) despite having rapid liver metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the role of the intestine in silibinin mechanism of action.Experimental ApproachNAFLD mice model was established by feeding them with a high‐fat diet (HFD). Liver pathological were examined using H&E and oil red O staining. Tissue distribution of silibinin was detected by LC–MS/MS. SiRNA was employed for gene silencing and plasmid was used for gene overexpression. ChIP‐qPCR assay was performed to detect the levels of histone acetylation. Recombinant adeno‐associated virus 9‐short hairpin‐fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐15 and ‐farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4) were used to knockdown expression of FGF‐15 and FXR.Key ResultsOral silibinin significantly reversed NAFLD in mice, although liver concentration was insufficient for reduction of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Among endogenous factors capable of reversing NAFLD, the expression of Fgf‐15 was selectively up‐regulated by silibinin in ileum and colon of mice. When intestinal expression of Fgf‐15 was knocked down, protection of silibinin against lipid accumulation and injury of livers nearly disappeared. Silibinin could reduce activity of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), enhance histone acetylation in the promoter region of FXR and consequently increase intestinal expression of FGF‐15/19.Conclusion and ImplicationsOral silibinin selectively promotes expression of FGF‐15/19 in ileum by enhancing transcription of FXR via reduction of HDAC2 activity, and FGF‐15/19 enters into circulation to exert anti‐NAFLD action. As the site of action is the intestine this would explain the discrepancy between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of silibinin.
Highlighting the importance of biodiversity conservation through the Holy Qur'an
Authors: Blankinship Lisa A. , Gillaspie Sarah , Aboul‐Enein Basil H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReligious environmentalism relies upon religious texts and leadership to promote effective and long‐lasting change for environmental problems, such as responsible use and conservation of natural resources and biodiversity. World religions note the importance of biodiversity and humanity's responsibility in stewarding biodiversity as a member of ecological communities. We reviewed Quranic verses that relate to biodiversity and align with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Holy Quran was reviewed in electronic and hard copy formats, and verses related to biodiversity were translated to English and tabulated by Qur'anic chapter, verse, and narrative citation. Twenty‐one Qur'anic verses were identified that addressed biodiversity. Scriptures were divided into 5 groups that addressed provision of resources, governance or stewardship of resources, nature as a teacher, and human life in nature's communities or described creation of biodiversity. Qur'anic verses were aligned with 4 SDGs (goals 12–15), which address sustainable consumption of natural resources, global climate change, life in marine environments, and life in terrestrial environments, including freshwater ecosystems. This alignment demonstrates the interconnectedness of life, that conservation of biodiversity is referenced in the Quran, and how positive management of natural recourses can be beneficial to Muslim communities on local, national, and global scales. Positive movement toward ecofriendly practices, sound environmental resource use and management, biodiversity conservation, and governmental policies on conservation can be promoted through scriptures from the Holy Qur'an.
Patterns and correlates of potential range shifts of bat species in China in the context of climate change
Authors: Ke Can , Gong Li‐xin , Geng Yang , Wang Zhi‐qiang , Zhang Wen‐jun , Feng Jiang , Jiang Ting‐lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate change may diminish biodiversity; thus, it is urgent to predict how species’ ranges may shift in the future by integrating multiple factors involving more taxa. Bats are particularly sensitive to climate change due to their high surface‐to‐volume ratio. However, few studies have considered geographic variables associated with roost availability and even fewer have linked the distributions of bats to their thermoregulation and energy regulation traits. We used species distribution models to predict the potential distributions of 12 bat species in China under current and future greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5) and examined factors that could affect species’ range shifts, including climatic, geographic, habitat, and human activity variables and wing surface‐to‐mass ratio (S‐MR). The results suggest that Ia io, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, and Rhinolophus rex should be given the highest priority for conservation in future climate conservation strategies. Most species were predicted to move northward, except for I. io and R. rex, which moved southward. Temperature seasonality, distance to forest, and distance to karst or cave were the main environmental factors affecting the potential distributions of bats. We found significant relationships between S‐MR and geographic distribution, current potential distribution, and future potential distribution in the 2050s. Our work highlights the importance of analyzing range shifts of species with multifactorial approaches, especially for species traits related to thermoregulation and energy regulation, to provide targeted conservation strategies.
Epidemiological case‐control study on contact sensitisation in female foot care specialists with occupational contact dermatitis: Patch test data of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2008 to 2022
Authors: Brans Richard , Schröder‐Kraft Claudia , Gina Michal , Heratizadeh Annice , Weisshaar Elke , Bauer Andrea , Strom Kerstin , Skudlik Christoph , Schubert Steffen ,   for the IVDK
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMainly women work as foot care specialists (FCS). They are at risk to develop occupational dermatitis (OD).ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to describe the contact sensitisation pattern of female FCS with OD.MethodsIn a retrospective study, patch test and clinical data collected by the Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) from 2008 to 2022 were analysed. Data of 116 female FCS with OD were compared with data of 13 930 female patients with OD working in other professions and 78 612 female patients without OD.ResultsHand dermatitis (93.1%) was significantly more common and face dermatitis (0.9%) significantly less common in female FCS with OD compared to other female patients with or without OD. Frequent suspected allergen sources were disinfectants, gloves, leave‐on and nail cosmetics. Occlusion and wetness were important co‐factors. The most common diagnoses were irritant contact dermatitis (26.7%) and allergic contact dermatitis (21.6%). No sensitisation to any of the baseline series allergens was significantly more frequent in female FCS with OD than in the two control groups. However, sensitisations to allergens which FCS are abundantly exposed to, including fragrances, preservatives, rubber ingredients and disinfectants, were most common.ConclusionsFCS should be aware of the OD risk and prevention should be promoted.
Climate change is predicted to impact the global distribution and richness of pines (genus Pinus) by 2070
Authors: Salazar‐Tortosa Diego F. , Saladin Bianca , Castro Jorge , Rubio de Casas Rafael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimClimate change is altering habitat suitability for many organisms and modifying species ranges at a global scale. Here we explored the impact of climate change on 112 pine species (Pinus), fundamental elements of Northern terrestrial ecosystems.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe applied a novel methodology for species distribution modelling that considers uncertainty in climatic projections and taxon sampling, and incorporates elements of species' recent evolutionary history. We based our niche calculations on climate and soil data and computed projections across multiple algorithms and IPCC scenarios, which were ensembled into one single suitability map. We then used phylogenetic methods to account for recent evolution in climatic requirements by estimating the evolution of climatic niche. Edaphoclimatic and evolutionary analyses were then combined to calibrate the projections in areas showing high uncertainty. We validated our models using naturalized occurrences of invasive pine species.ResultsOur models predicted that by 2070, most pine species (58%) might face important reductions of habitat suitability, potentially leading to range losses and a decrease in species richness, particularly in some regions such as the Mediterranean Basin and South North America, albeit migration might mitigate these shifts in some cases. In contrast, our projections showed increased habitat suitability for approx. 20% of species, which may undergo range expansions under climate change. Moreover, the consideration of recent evolutionary trends modified projected scenarios, decreasing range loss and increasing range expansion for some species. The independent validation endorsed our models for many species and the influence of recent evolution in some cases.ConclusionsWe predict that climate change will impose drastic changes in pine distribution and diversity across biogeographical regions, but the magnitude and direction of change will vary significantly across regions and taxa. Species‐level responses are likely to be influenced by regional conditions and the recent evolutionary history of each taxon.
Mental models for inclusive, socially‐just disaster planning: a multi‐community study in Saint Martin after Hurricane Irma
Authors: Frapaise Laurent , Furman Kelsi , Scyphers Steven B. , Kuhl Laura 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLocal perspectives provide different insights into disaster planning and response as compared to those of experts. Eliciting them, however, can be challenging, particularly for marginalised groups whose viewpoints have historically been excluded from planning processes. Fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) provides a semi‐quantitative approach to representing the collective understanding or ‘mental models’ of diverse individuals and communities. This study involved 23 FCM interviews across three neighbourhoods of Saint Martin to comprehend: (i) how individuals' mental models of Hurricane Irma (2017) differ based on their context; (ii) how aligned mental models are with policy and planning documents; and (iii) the implications for the inclusiveness and representativeness of disaster response policies. It found that the residents of different neighbourhoods provided unique insights into the factors driving the social‐ecological system, and that official policies aligned closely with priorities. The paper argues that the inclusion of the perspectives of different groups in disaster recovery is essential for an equitable process.