bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locus‐wide identification of Egr2/Krox20 regulatory targets in myelin genes
Authors: Jang Sung‐Wook , Srinivasan Rajini , Jones Erin A , Sun Guannan , Keles Sunduz , Krueger Courtney , Chang Li‐Wei , Nagarajan Rakesh , Svaren John 
Published: October 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 1409–1420.AbstractMyelination of peripheral nerves by Schwann cells depends upon a gene regulatory network controlled by early growth response Egr2/Krox20, which is specifically required for Schwann cells to initiate and maintain myelination. To elucidate the mechanism by which Egr2 regulates gene expression during myelination, we have performed chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis on myelinating rat sciatic nerve in vivo. The resulting samples were applied to a tiled microarray consisting of a broad spectrum of genes that are activated or repressed in Egr2‐deficient mice. The results show extensive binding within myelin‐associated genes, as well as some genes that become repressed in myelinating Schwann cells. Many of the Egr2 peaks coincide with regions of open chromatin, which is a marker of enhancer regions. In addition, further analysis showed that there is substantial colocalization of Egr2 binding with Sox10, a transcription factor required for Schwann cell specification and other stages of Schwann cell development. Finally, we have found that Egr2 binds to promoters of several lipid biosynthetic genes, which is consistent with their dramatic up‐regulation during the formation of lipid‐rich myelin. Overall, this analysis provides a locus‐wide profile of Egr2 binding patterns in major myelin‐associated genes using myelinating peripheral nerve.
Neuronal hyperexcitability and seizures are associated with changes in glial–neuronal interactions in the hippocampus of a mouse model of epilepsy with mental retardation
Authors: Melø Torun , Bigini Paolo , Sonnewald Ursula , Balosso Silvia , Cagnotto Alfredo , Barbera Sara , Uboldi Sarah , Vezzani Annamaria , Mennini Tiziana 
Published: October 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 1445–1454.AbstractHippocampal excitability and the metabolic glial–neuronal interactions were investigated in 22‐week‐old mice with motor neuron degeneration (mnd), a model of progressive epilepsy with mental retardation. Mnd mice developed spontaneous spikes in the hippocampus and were more susceptible to kainate‐induced seizures compared with control mice. Neuronal hyperexcitability in their hippocampus was confirmed by the selective increase of c‐Fos positive nuclei. Glial activation and pro‐inflammatory cytokines over‐expression were observed in the hippocampus of mnd mice, even in the absence of marked hippocampal neurodegeneration, as suggested by unchanged amounts of neuroactive amino acids and N‐acetyl aspartate. Concentration of other amino acids, including GABA and glutamate, was not changed as well. However, ex vivo13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy, after simultaneous injection of [1‐13C]glucose and [1,2‐13C]acetate, followed by decapitation, showed decreased [1,2‐13C]GABA formation from hippocampal astrocytic precursors and a marked reduction in [4,5‐13C]glutamate derived from glutamine. We suggest that astrocyte dysfunction plays a primary role in the pathology and that mnd mice are of value to investigate early pathogenetic mechanism of progressive epilepsy with mental retardation.
Mass‐spectrometry based oxidative lipidomics and lipid imaging: applications in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Sparvero Louis J. , Amoscato Andrew A. , Kochanek Patrick M. , Pitt Bruce R. , Kagan Valerian E. , Bayır Hülya 
Published: October 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 1322–1336.AbstractLipids, particularly phospholipids, are fundamental to CNS tissue architecture and function. Endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid chains of phospholipids possess cis‐double bonds each separated by one methylene group. These phospholipids are very susceptible to free‐radical attack and oxidative modifications. A combination of analytical methods including different versions of chromatography and mass spectrometry allows detailed information to be obtained on the content and distribution of lipids and their oxidation products thus constituting the newly emerging field of oxidative lipidomics. It is becoming evident that specific oxidative modifications of lipids are critical to a number of cellular functions, disease states and responses to oxidative stresses. Oxidative lipidomics is beginning to provide new mechanistic insights into traumatic brain injury which may have significant translational potential for development of therapies in acute CNS insults. In particular, selective oxidation of a mitochondria‐specific phospholipid, cardiolipin, has been associated with the initiation and progression of apoptosis in injured neurons thus indicating new drug discovery targets. Furthermore, imaging mass‐spectrometry represents an exciting new opportunity for correlating maps of lipid profiles and their oxidation products with structure and neuropathology. This review is focused on these most recent advancements in the field of lipidomics and oxidative lipidomics based on the applications of mass spectrometry and imaging mass spectrometry as they relate to studies of phospholipids in traumatic brain injury.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are endogenous regulators of vasoactive neuropeptide release from trigeminal ganglion neurons
Authors: Iliff Jeffrey J. , Fairbanks Stacy L. , Balkowiec Agnieszka , Alkayed Nabil J. 
Published: October 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 1530–1542.AbstractEpoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are bioactive eicosanoids produced from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. We previously described the expression of cytochrome P450‐2J epoxygenase in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons and that EETs signaling is involved in cerebrovascular dilation resulting from perivascular nerve stimulation. In this study, we evaluate the presence of the EETs signaling pathway in trigeminal ganglion neurons and their role in modulating the release of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) by trigeminal ganglion neurons. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry identified the presence of each of the four EETs regio‐isomers within primary trigeminal ganglion neurons. Stimulation for 1 h with the transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 channel agonist capsaicin (100 nmol/L) or depolarizing K+ (60 mmol/L) increased CGRP release as measured by ELISA. Stimulation‐evoked CGRP release was attenuated by 30 min pre‐treatment with the EETs antagonist 14,15‐epoxyeicosa‐5(Z)‐enoic acid (14,15‐EEZE, 10 μmol/L). K+ stimulation elevated CGRP release 2.9 ± 0.3‐fold above control levels, whereas in the presence of 14,15‐EEZE K+‐evoked CGRP release was significantly reduced to 1.1 ± 0.2‐fold above control release (p < 0.01 anova, n = 6). 14,15‐EEZE likewise attenuated capsaicin‐evoked CGRP release from trigeminal ganglion neurons (p < 0.05 anova, n = 6). Similarly, pre‐treatment with the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase inhibitor attenuated stimulation‐evoked CGRP release. These data demonstrate that EETs are endogenous constituents of rat trigeminal ganglion neurons and suggest that they may act as intracellular regulators of neuropeptide release, which may have important clinical implications for treatment of migraine, stroke and vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Why a Child Needs a Critical Eye, and Why the Art Classroom is Central in Developing it
Authors: Knight Linda 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt is a common acceptance that contemporary schoolchildren live in a world that is intensely visual and commercially motivated, where what is imagined and what is experienced intermingle. Because of this, contemporary education should encourage a child to make reference to, and connection with their ‘out‐of‐school’ life.The core critical underpinnings of curriculum‐based arts appreciation and theory hinge on educators and students taking a historical look at the ways artists have engaged with, and made comment upon, their contemporary societies. My article uses this premise to argue for the need to persist with pushing for critique of/through the visual, that it be delivered as an active process via the arts classroom rather than as visual literacy, here regarded as a more passive process for interpreting and understanding visual material.The article asserts that visual arts lessons are best placed to provide fully students with such critique because they help students to develop a ‘critical eye’, an interpretive lens often used by artists to view, analyse and independently navigate and respond to contemporary society.
Motherhood, Sexuality, and Pregnant Embodiment: Twenty-Five Years of Gestation
Authors: Oliver Kelly 
Published: October 2010

My essay is framed byHypatia's first special issue on Motherhood and Sexuality at one end, and by the most recent special issue (as of this writing) on the work of Iris Young, whose work on pregnant embodiment has become canonical, at the other. The questions driving this essay are: When we look back over the last twenty-five years, what has changed in our conceptions of pregnancy and maternity, both in feminist theory and in popular culture? What aspects of feminist debates from the 1970s and 1980s are still relevant today? And, how might what appear to be radical shifts in popular perceptions of pregnancy actually continue traditional values that objectify and “abjectify” the maternal body?Here, I will focus on three central elements of the revaluation of pregnancy and maternity as they show up in feminist philosophy and in popular culture: 1. The relationship between pregnancy and sexuality, both in terms of pregnant sexuality and in terms of the pregnant body as sexual object; 2. The “choice” to become a mother as a “feminist choice”; 3. The temporality of pregnancy and birth as marking something like “women's time.”
Scenario Analysis
Authors: Erdmann Lorenz , Hilty Lorenz M. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryDuring the past decade, several macroeconomic studies on the potentials of information and communication technology (ICT) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been published. The mitigation potentials identified in them vary to a high degree, mainly because they are not consistently defined and diverse methodologies are applied. The characteristics of ICT—exceptional dynamics of innovation and diffusion, social embedment and cross‐sector application, diverse and complex impact patterns—are a challenge for macroeconomic studies that quantify ICT impacts on GHG emissions.This article first reviews principal macroeconomic studies on ICT and GHG emissions. In the second part, we reconsider our own study on this topic and present an in‐depth scenario analysis of the future impacts of ICT applications on GHG emissions. We conclude that forthcoming macroeconomic studies could strengthen the state of the art in environmental ICT impact modeling (1) by accounting for the dynamics of new ICT applications and their first‐, second‐, and third‐order effects on a global scale, (2) by reflecting the error margins resulting from data uncertainty in the final results, and (3) by using scenario techniques to explore future uncertainty and its impacts on the results.
Exchange‐Traded Fund Introductions and Closed‐End Fund Discounts and Volume
Authors: Barnhart Scott W. , Rosenstein Stuart 
Published: October 2010

AbstractExchange‐traded funds (ETFs), like closed‐end funds (CEFs), are managed portfolios traded like individual stocks. We hypothesize that the introduction of an ETF in an asset class similar to an existing CEF results in a substitution effect that reduces the value of the CEF's shares relative to that of its underlying assets. Our event studies show that upon the introduction of a similar ETF, CEF discounts widen significantly and relative volume declines significantly. Single‐equation and systems estimation models show that the widening in discounts and reduction in volume are related to returns‐based measures of the substitutability of ETFs for CEFs.
Oil and the Stock Market: An Industry Level Analysis
Authors: Gogineni Sridhar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractI investigate the impact of daily oil price changes on the stock returns of a wide array of industries. I find that in addition to the stock returns of industries that depend heavily on oil, stock returns of some industries that use little oil also are sensitive to oil prices perhaps because their main customers are impacted by oil price changes. In addition, I present robust estimates of industries’ cost‐side and demand‐side dependence on oil. These measures can serve as reliable benchmarks when classifying industries into oil‐intensive and non–oil‐intensive groups, a distinction widely used in studies and media without any quantitative justification so far. Further, I find that the sensitivity of industries’ returns to oil price changes depends on both the cost‐side and demand‐side dependence on oil and that the relative effects of these factors vary across industries.
Using Four‐Moment Tail Risk to Examine Financial and Commodity Instrument Diversification
Authors: You Leyuan , Daigler Robert T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe consider the effect of higher moments on diversification, since most assets possess a potential for tail losses. In particular, we examine higher‐moment Value‐at‐Risk measures for individual instruments and diversified portfolios. We find that a naïve futures portfolio is consistently superior to common stock indexes. As few as ten randomly chosen instruments diversify away 85% of the unsystematic four‐moment tail risk. We also compare the two‐ and four‐moment tail risks for different size portfolios. Finally, the tail risk for naïve portfolios varies much less over time than other portfolios.
Baseline Heart Rate Variability Predicts Clinical Events in Heart Failure Patients Implanted with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Validation by Means of Related Complexity Index
Authors: Molon Giulio , Solimene Francesco , Melissano Donato , Curnis Antonio , Belotti Giuseppina , Marrazzo Natale , Marczyk Jacek , Accardi Francesco , Raciti Giovanni , Zecchi Paolo 
Published: October 2010

Background: Studies on the physiology of the cardiovascular system suggest that generation of the heart rate (HR) signal is governed by nonlinear dynamics. Linear and nonlinear indices of HR variability (HRV) have been shown to predict outcome in heart failure (HF). Aim of the present study is to assess if a HR‐related complexity predicts adverse clinical and cardiovascular events at 1 year in patients implanted with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Methods: In sixty patients implanted with CRT (Renewal), 24‐hour HR data were retrieved at patient discharge and 1‐year follow‐up. A set of linear indices of HRV were considered: mean HR, standard deviation of normal beat to normal beat (SDANN), and HR footprint. Two novel nonlinear indices were calculated by means of a specific algorithm (OntoSpace): HR‐complexity (HR‐Co) and HR‐entropy (HR‐En). Predictors of adverse clinical outcome (functional class deterioration or major hospitalizations for cardiovascular causes or all‐cause mortality) and of HRV recovery were sought by means of multivariate analysis. Results: HR‐Co and HR‐En were found to be highly correlated with the other traditional indices of HRV. Lower baseline values of complexity were associated with adverse clinical outcomes (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.95; P < 0.02). Conclusion: Complexity and entropy indices, calculated from 24‐hour normal beat to normal beat (RR) intervals well represent patient's autonomic function. In this limited set of data, HF patients with lower baseline complexity‐related indices, representing a more compromised autonomic function, present worse clinical outcome at 1‐year follow‐up. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(4):301–307
Is “Hyper Response” to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy a Recovery, a Remission, or a Control?
Authors: Castellant Philippe , Orhan Erwann , Bertault‐Valls Valerie , Fatemi Marjaneh , Etienne Yves , Blanc Jean‐Jacques 
Published: October 2010

Background and Objectives: Some patients treated by cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) recover “normal” left ventricular (LV) function and functional status. However, whether this “normalization” persists or reverts over time remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of LV function in patients hyper responder to CRT. Methods: Eleven consecutive patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, sinus rhythm, left bundle branch block (LBBB), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV, and optimal pharmacological treatment were hyper responder as they fulfilled concurrently the two following criteria: functional recovery (NYHA class I or II) and normalization of LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Results: After a mean follow‐up of 65 ± 30 months between CRT implantation and last evaluation LVEF improved from 26 ± 9 to 59 ± 6% (P < 0.0001). One patient died from pulmonary embolism 31 months after implantation. Three patients exhibited LVEF ≤ 50% at their last follow‐up visit (two at 40% and one at 45%). In eight patients, brief cessation of pacing was feasible (three were pacemaker‐dependent). Mean QRS duration decreased from 181 ± 23 ms to 143 ± 22 ms (P = 0.006). In one patient, pacing was interrupted for 2 years and LVEF decreased markedly (from 65% to 31%) but returned to normal after a few months when pacing was resumed. Conclusion: In hyper responder patients, “normalization” of LV function after CRT persists as long as pacing is maintained with an excellent survival. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(4):321‐327
P‐Wave Indices: Derivation of Reference Values from the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Magnani Jared W. , Johnson Victor M. , Sullivan Lisa M. , Lubitz Steven A. , Schnabel Renate B. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Benjamin Emelia J. 
Published: October 2010

Background: P‐wave indices, an electrocardiographic phenotype reflecting atrial electrophysiology and morphology, may be altered in multiple disease states or by cardiovascular risk factors. Reference values for P‐wave indices, providing cut points for their classification and interpretation, have not yet been established and are essential toward facilitating clinical application and comparison between studies. Methods: We randomly selected 20 men and 20 women from 10‐year age intervals between <25 years to 76–85 years from the Framingham Heart Study Original and Offspring Cohorts, excluding subjects with prevalent cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes or obesity. The total included 295 subjects; eligibility in women >75 years was limited by exclusion criteria. We used a digital measurement technique with demonstrated intrarater reproducibility to determine P‐wave indices. P‐wave indices examined included the maximum, mean, lead II and PR durations, dispersion, and the standard deviation of duration. Results: All P‐wave indices were significantly (P < 0.0001) correlated with advancing age. Means of all P‐wave indices were lower in women as compared to men. PR‐interval duration was strongly correlated with maximum, mean, and lead II mean P‐wave durations. In multivariable models adjusting for significant anthropometric and clinical associations risk factors, significant differences persisted by age and sex in P‐wave indices. Conclusions. In our healthy sample without cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, or obesity, men and older subjects had longer mean P‐wave indices. Our description of P‐wave indices establishes reference values for future comparative studies and facilitates the classification of P‐wave indices. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(4):344‐352
Phonological Abstraction in Processing Lexical‐Tone Variation: Evidence From a Learning Paradigm
Authors: Mitterer Holger , Chen Yiya , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThere is a growing consensus that the mental lexicon contains both abstract and word‐specific acoustic information. To investigate their relative importance for word recognition, we tested to what extent perceptual learning is word specific or generalizable to other words. In an exposure phase, participants were divided into two groups; each group was semantically biased to interpret an ambiguous Mandarin tone contour as either tone1 or tone2. In a subsequent test phase, the perception of ambiguous contours was dependent on the exposure phase: Participants who heard ambiguous contours as tone1 during exposure were more likely to perceive ambiguous contours as tone1 than participants who heard ambiguous contours as tone2 during exposure. This learning effect was only slightly larger for previously encountered than for not previously encountered words. The results speak for an architecture with prelexical analysis of phonological categories to achieve both lexical access and episodic storage of exemplars.
Iconic Gestures Prime Words
Authors: Yap De‐Fu , So Wing‐Chee , Melvin Yap Ju‐Min , Tan Ying‐Quan , Teoh Ruo‐Li Serene 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUsing a cross‐modal semantic priming paradigm, both experiments of the present study investigated the link between the mental representations of iconic gestures and words. Two groups of the participants performed a primed lexical decision task where they had to discriminate between visually presented words and nonwords (e.g., flirp). Word targets (e.g., bird) were preceded by video clips depicting either semantically related (e.g., pair of hands flapping) or semantically unrelated (e.g., drawing a square with both hands) gestures. The duration of gestures was on average 3,500 ms in Experiment 1 but only 1,000 ms in Experiment 2. Significant priming effects were observed in both experiments, with faster response latencies for related gesture–word pairs than unrelated pairs. These results are consistent with the idea of interactions between the gestural and lexical representational systems, such that mere exposure to iconic gestures facilitates the recognition of semantically related words.
Simulation Center Accreditation and Programmatic Benchmarks: A Review for Emergency Medicine
Authors: Fernandez Rosemarie , Wang Ernest , Vozenilek John A. , Hayden Emily , McLaughlin Steve , Godwin Steven A. , Griswold‐Theodorson Sharon , Davenport Moira , Gordon James A. ,   for the Simulation Accreditation and Consultation Work Group on behalf of the SAEM Technology in Medical Education Committee
Published: October 2010

AbstractSimulation‐based education has grown significantly over the past 10 years. As a result, more professional organizations are developing or implementing accreditation processes to help define minimum standards and best practices in simulation‐based training. However, the benefits and potential pitfalls of sponsoring and implementing such programs have yet to be fully evaluated across specialties. The board of directors of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) requested an evaluation of the potential to create an emergency medicine (EM)‐based Simulation Consultation and Accreditation Service. In response to this request, the Simulation Accreditation and Consultation Work Group, a subgroup of the Committee on Technology in Medical Education (now Simulation Academy), was created. The work group was charged with: 1) reviewing current benchmarks and standards set by existing simulation accreditation programs; 2) analyzing current EM simulation program structures, including leadership, administrative, and financial components; and 3) proposing a potential model for EM‐based simulation accreditation. This article outlines currently existing and proposed accreditation models and identifies components that support best practices. It then goes on to describe three general programmatic models to better understand how simulation training can be operationalized in EM. Finally, the work group uses this collective information to propose how an accreditation process, in concert with the SAEM Simulation Consultation Service, can enhance and advance EM simulation training.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1093–1103 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine