bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect on young calves of a one‐hour feeding stop during a 19‐hour road journey
Authors: Knowles T. G. , Brown S. N. , Edwards J. E. , Phillips A. J. , Warriss P. D. 
Published: October 2010

This study examined the effects of transporting calves less than four weeks of age on a journey at the limit of the maximum time laid down by recent EU legislation. In both summer and winter, 45 calves were transported by road for 19 hours. The journey included a one‐hour break on the lorry in which the calves were given either a glucose/electrolyte solution, water, or nothing at all. Control groups of 15 calves remained on farm and were fed normally. The effects of the journey were greater during winter when liveweight loss was greater and more prolonged, and the calves suffered a depression in body temperature. Mid‐journey feeding was of minimal benefit. Feeding electrolytes reduced the extent of dehydration as measured by changes in plasma total protein and albumin concentrations, but there was some indication that giving water alone was detrimental. Most of the variables which changed during the journey had recovered in line with the values in the control animals within 24 hours of the end of the journey, but the calves' liveweight and plasma creatine kinase activity took up to seven days to stabilise. The study highlighted the problem that young calves have in maintaining body temperature during transport, especially during colder weather.
Comparison of the effects of oral or subcutaneous carprofen or ketoprofen in rats undergoing laparotomy
Authors: Flecknell P. A. , Orr H. E. , Roughan J. V. , Stewart R. 
Published: October 2010

Rats undergoing laparotomy received either carprofen (5 mg/kg) or ketoprofen (5 mg/kg) administered orally in flavoured gelatin, or by subcutaneous injection. A control group that received no analgesic showed a significant (3 per cent) fall in bodyweight (P=0.009) after laparotomy. This decrease was greater than that seen in the groups receiving carprofen (P=006) or ketoprofen (Pd=0012) administered subcutaneously, which continued to gain weight following surgery. All animals showed a significant fall in food consumption but this decrease was greater in the jelly alone group (47 per cent) than in the group receiving carprofen (17 per cent) (P=0.015) administered subcutaneously. A significant fall in water consumption occurred in the control group (40 per cent) and in animals that received oral carprofen (13 per cent) or ketoprofen (22 per cent). No significant decrease was seen in groups receiving either carprofen or ketoprofen administered subcutaneously (P>0.1). This study shows that a relatively simple surgical procedure results in a major reduction in food and water consumption in rats. This reduction can be minimised by the administration of ketoprofen or carprofen (5 mg/kg subcutaneously), but higher dose rates are required if these drugs are to be administered by the oral route.
Biological and migrational characteristics of transponders implanted into beagle dogs
Authors: Jansen J. A. , Van Der Waerden J. P. C. M. , Gwalter R. H. , Van Rooy S. A. B. 
Published: October 2010

Ninety transponders (microchips), 45 made of bioglass, 30 made of acid‐etched bioglass, and 15 made of bioglass and provided with a polypropylene cap, were inserted into 15 dogs in six different locations: on the left and right side of the head, and on the left and right shoulders, both cranial and caudal to the dorsum. The transponders were left in place for 16 weeks, during which their position was determined by means of an electronic reader and radiographs, and they were then retrieved and examined histologically. A clinical evaluation revealed that about half of the transponders inserted in all the shoulder locations had migrated to some extent, whereas the transponders in the head location had hardly moved. There were no differences in the extent of migration between the different types of transponders. Histological analysis showed that almost all the transponders were surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule with no sign of any gross inflammatory reaction.
Monitoring follicular development in cattle by real‐time ultrasonography: a review
Authors: Garcia A. , Van Der Weijden G. C. , Colenbrander B. , Bevers M. M. 
Published: October 2010

The application of real‐time ultrasonography to monitoring ovarian function in mammals has advanced the understanding of follicular dynamics and its regulation. Follicular development is a wave‐like sequence of organised events. The waves consist of the synchronous growth of small (4 to 5 mm) antral follicles, followed by the selection and growth of one dominant follicle which achieves the largest diameter and suppresses the growth of the subordinate follicles. In the absence of luteal regression, the dominant follicle eventually regresses (becomes atretic) and a new follicular wave begins. The dominant follicle regulates the growth of the subordinate follicles, because the appearance of the next wave is accelerated if the dominant follicle is ablated, and delayed if the lifespan of the dominant follicle is prolonged. During bovine oestrous cycles, two or three successive waves emerge, on average, on the day of ovulation (day 0) and day 10 for two‐wave cycles, and on days 0, 9 and 16 for three‐wave cycles. During the oestrous cycle there are thus two or three successive dominant follicles, and the last of these ovulates. Ovarian folliculogenesis is a complex process involving interactions between pituitary gonadotrophins, ovarian steroids and non‐steroidal factors. Subtle changes in the hormonal milieu regulate folliculogenesis and the emergence of a follicular wave is preceded by a small increase in the concentration of plasma follicle‐stimulating hormone. The mechanisms that promote the selection of a dominant follicle have not been elucidated, but considerable progress has been made in understanding follicular development and its regulation. Most treatments designed to control the development of follicular waves have been based on the physical or hormonal removal of the suppressive effect of the dominant follicle, and the consequent controlled induction of the emergence of a new follicular wave. The studies reviewed here describe current methods for regulating the bovine ovarian cycle, interesting models for future studies, and information that may be used for improving reproductive efficiency.
Behavioural and physiological responses of pigs to being transported for up to 24 hours followed by six hours recovery in lairage
Authors: Brown S. N. , Knowles T. G. , Edwards J. E. , Warriss P. D. 
Published: October 2010

Ninety‐six pure‐bred Large White pigs weighing 80 to 100 kg were either not transported or transported for eight. 16 or 24 hours, and then either slaughtered immediately on arrival at the abattoir or kept in lairage for six hours before being slaughtered. The pigs travelling for eight. 16 or 24 hours lost 2.2, 2.0 and 4.3 per cent of liveweight, respectively, and the pigs travelling for 24 hours lost 2.6 per cent of hot carcase weight Both liveweight and hot carcase weight recovered during the lairage period although there was a net liveweight loss in comparison with the control animals. Only transport for 24 hours led to losses in carcase weight The concentration of non‐esterified fatty acids increased with the time spent travelling. The concentrations of cortisol, creatine phosphokinase and lactate were all low in comparison with the levels found in commercially slaughtered animals. Plasma albumin and protein concentrations indicated that the animals were becoming dehydrated during the longer joumeys. The animals lay down for most of the journey and appeared to be asleep. During the period in lairage, the animals transported for eight hours had two distinct periods of feeding and drinking but spent most of the time lying down, but those transported for 16 and 24 hours showed far more eating and drinking acdivi. All the groups appeared tired, but the urge to eat of the groups transported for 16 hours, and especially 24 hours appeared to be more important There were behavioural and the physiological differences between the transported groups and the controls. Six hours in lairage with access to food and water allowed most of the physiological parameters to return to pretransport levels.
Equine influenza in the United Kingdom in 1998
Authors: Newton J. R , Verheyen K. , Wood J. L. N. , Yates P. J. , Mumford J. A. 
Published: October 2010

In 1998, equine influenza was diagnosed by serology and nucleoprotein enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay as the cause of acute respiratory disease in vaccinated and unvaccinated horses in the UK The signs were generally milder in vaccinated horses and completely susceptible animals showed the most severe signs, including pyrexia, inappetence, coughing, mucopurulent nasal discharge and secondary bacterial pneumonia. In a detailed investigation of an outbreak among 52 vaccinated thoroughbreds in a flat racing yard, more than 60 per cent of the horses seroconverted on the evidence of paired serum samples tested by single radial haemolysis (SRH). Preliminary sequencing and characterisation of an isolate from this outbreak indicated that it was an ‘American‐like’ strain. In addition, in this outbreak there was a larger proportion of horses with preinfection SRH titres greater than 140 mm2 that subsequently seroconverted than in other recent outbreaks from which ‘European‐like’ strains have been isolated. This result suggested that the cross‐protectivity between circulating ‘American‐like’ strains and the ‘European‐like’ strains of A/equine‐2 viruses present in current vaccines may be decreasing.
Studies on the efficacy of intranasal vaccination for the prevention of experimentally induced parainfluenza type 3 virus pneumonia in calves
Authors: Bryson G. , Adair B. M. , McNulty M. S. , McAliskey M. , Bradford H. E. L. , Allan G. M. , Evans R. T. , Forster F. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy of intranasal vaccination in preventing or limiting disease of the lower respiratory tract induced by parainfluenza 3 (P13) virus was evaluated under experimental conditions, using a commercially available live vaccine containing a temperature‐sensitive strain of P13 virus. In a preliminary study four colostrum‐deprived calves were vaccinated intranasally at one week and again at two months of age, and two similar calves were given an intranasal placebo. After the second vaccination serum antibodies to P13 virus were detected in all four vaccinated calves, but not in the control animals. Seventeen days after the second vaccination all six calves were challenged with virulent P13 virus, and they were killed six days later. The clinical scores and the extent of pulmonary consolidation were reduced in the vaccinated animals; P13 virus was detected in the upper and lower respiratory tract of the control calves but in none of the vaccinated calves. In a larger scale study with 14 colostrum‐fed calves, seven were vaccinated at one week and again at five weeks of age, and seven were given an intranasal placebo. Two weeks after the second vaccination all 14 calves were challenged with virulent P13 virus. The clinical scores and lung consolidation were significantly reduced in the vaccinated calves in comparison with the controls. Six days after infection, 10 of the 14 calves were killed; P13 virus was detectable in the nasal secretions of all seven control calves but in only one of the vaccinated animals, and P13 viral antigen was detected in the lungs of the control calves but not in those of the vaccinated animals. One of the vaccinated calves had developed a severe clinical response after the challenge, but it had only minor lung consolidation when killed.
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy in six weimaraner puppies associated with systemic signs
Authors: Abeles V. , Harrus S. , Angles J. M. , Shalev G. , Aizenberg I. , Peres Y. , Aroch I. 
Published: October 2010

Six weimaraner puppies, five of which were genetically related, showed systemic signs associated with hypertrophic osteodystrophy, including fever and involvement of the gastrointestinal, respiratory or nervous systems, in addition to the metaphyseal lesions. In five of the dogs the clinical signs developed less than 10 days after they had been vaccinated with a modified live virus vaccine. Radiographic findings suggested that both the hindlimbs and forelimbs were equally involved in the disease process. Abnormal haematological findings included leucocytosis with neutrophilia and monocytosis, and there was a consistent increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Serum protein electrophoretic studies of three of the dogs revealed hypogammaglobulinaemia and abetaglobulinaemia in two of them. Conservative treatment with rest and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs had little effect, and treatment with corticosteroids appeared to give the best results.
Clinical anti‐inflammatory efficacy of arofylline, a new selective phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitor, in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ferrer L. , Alberola J. , Queralt M. , Brazis P. , Rabanal R. , Llenas J. , Puigdemont A. 
Published: October 2010

Forty atopic dogs were studied for 28 days after the oral administration of four randomised treatments: (A) arofylline (1 mg/kg) twice daily for four weeks; (B) prednisone (0.5 mg/kg) twice daily for the first week, once a day during the second week and every 48 hours for the remaining two weeks; (C) prednisone following the same protocol but at a dose of 0‐25 mg/kg; or (D) arofylline (1 mg/kg) twice daily for four weeks plus prednisone (0.25 mg/kg) following the same protocol as in (B) and (C). The degree of pruritus and skin lesions and the side effects were evaluated and graded from 0 to 3 before and weekly during the treatments. In all cases there was a progressive clinical improvement in the clinical signs, with no statistical differences among the four treatments. However, many of the dogs treated with arofylline vomited and had adverse gastrointestinal signs.
Diagnosis of bovine brucellosis by skin test: conditions for the test and evaluation of its performance
Authors: Saegerman C. , Vo T‐K. O. , De Waele L. , Gilson D. , Bastin A. , Dubray G. , Flanagan P. , Limet J. N. , Letesson J‐J. , Godfroid J. 
Published: October 2010

Brucellergene OCB (Rhône‐Mérieux) was used as an allergen to define the intrinsic parameters of a skin test and to compare its properties with serology for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. The skin test was also evaluated for its capacity to solve problems associated with false positive reactions in serological tests. The optimal reading delay for the skin test was 72 hours. The brucellosis allergic reaction was two to three times less intense than the tuberculosis allergic reaction. An increase of 1.1 mm or more in the skin thickness was therefore considered to be an adequate cut‐off. The specificity calculated for 1192 brucellosis‐free animals (including animals from brucellosis‐free herds in which false positive serological reactions had been reported) was 99.83 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 99.40 to 99.98 per cent). The sensitivity determined from 27 experimentally infected heifers ranged from 93 per cent (95 per cent ci 76 to 100 per cent) to 78 per cent (95 per cent cl 58 to 91 per cent) when measured respectively one and six months after the infection. Allergic reactions could be detected in vaccinated animals up to four‐and‐a‐half years after the vaccination. On the other hand, no sensitisation was recorded in naïve animals after up to eight monthly injections of the allergen. The skin test gave valuable information, in combination with the serological tests, in both acute and chronic brucellosis. The skin test discriminated brucellosis clearly from false positive serological reactions due to infections with Yersinia enterocolitica O9.
Experimental infection of slaughter pigs with classical swine fever virus: transmission of the virus, course of the disease and antibody response
Authors: Laevens H. , Koenen F. , Deluyker H. , de Kruif A. 
Published: October 2010

The spread of classical swine fever virus was investigated in an isolation unit containing four pens, each containing six slaughter pigs. One pig in the middle pen of three adjacent pens was inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with the virus. The fourth pen was located in a separate compartment. containing six slaughter pigs. One pig in the middle pen of three adjacent pens was inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with the virus. The fourth pen was located in a separate compartment. The pens were visited in a strict order to study, first, the effect of indirect contact via contaminated clothing and footwear on the spread of the virus to adjacent pens and, secondly, the airborne transmission of the virus between compartments. The pigs were examined and blood samples were taken every other day for 62 days for virological and serological analyses. The virus was highly contagious for the five pigs that were in direct contad with the inoculated pig, but spread to the other pens only after all the pigs in the originally infeded pen had become viraemic. The spread of the virus was promoted by contaminated clothing and footwear, but airbome transmission contributed considerably to the spread of the virus within the pighouse. The first clinical signs observed after the virus was introduced into a pen were decreased feed intake, increased mean rectal temperature and apathy. Neither the clinical course of the infection, nor the pattem of seroconversion observed over time, was affected by the differences in the intensity of contact with the virus between the pigs in the different pens.
Treatment of sepsis in the small tarsal joints of 11 horses with gentamicin‐impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads
Authors: Booth T. M. , Clegg P. D. , Butson R. J. , Schramme M. C. , Smith R. K. 
Published: October 2010

Gentamicin‐impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads were used to treat infective arthritis in the small tarsal joints of 11 severely lame horses. Under general anaesthesia, between five and 10 beads were placed into a 7 to 8 mm tract drilled across the affected joint and, in all except one horse, they were left in place for 14 days. Two of the horses were euthanased for reasons other than persistent tarsal joint sepsis, but the other nine survived and seven of them returned to their previous level of athletic performance.
Postmortem findings in captive cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) in Gabon
Authors: Jori F. , Cooper J. E. , Casal J. 
Published: October 2010

The causes of morbidity and mortality in a population of cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) on an experimental farm in Gabon were monitored for 21 months; 94 of 546 animals (17.2 per cent) died and were examined postmortem, and complementary laboratory examinations were carried out on 23 of the cases together with samples from 13 other animals kept elsewhere in similar conditions. Twenty‐six (28 per cent) of the deaths occurred in preweaned kits, 40 (42 per cent) in subadults and 28 (30 per cent) in adults. The average monthly mortality was 2.5 per cent. Trauma was responsible for 29 of the deaths, 12 were due to septicaemia, 10 to primary respiratory lesions, five to digestive disorders, four to urinary lesions, three to reproductive problems and three to other causes; no diagnosis could be reached in 28 cases.
Detection of Mycoplasma synoviae in clinically normal pheasants
Authors: Bradbury J. M. , Yavari C. A. , Dare C. M. 
Published: October 2010

Mycoplasma synoviae was isolated from the tracheas of seven clinically normal pheasants found in the vicinity of a chicken farm infected with M synoviae, but not from 120 pheasants and partridges with respiratory disease. When specimens were examined by the polymerase chain reaction only two additional pheasants infected with M synoviae were identified, one healthy and one diseased.
Efficacy of halofuginone lactate in the prevention of cryptosporidiosis in suckling calves
Authors: Lefay D. , Naciri M. , Poirier P. , Chermette R. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy of halofuginone lactate in the prevention of cryptosporidiosis in suckling calves was evaluated in a multicentre, control versus placebo, randomised, double.blind clinical trial. Seventy‐eight six‐ to 48‐ hour‐old calves were treated daily with 120 μg/kg bodyweight of halofuginone lactate administered orally for seven consecutive days, while 80 calves received a placebo. Faecal samples were collected on the first day of dosing and four, seven, 14 and 21 days later, andCryptosporidium parvumoocysts were counted and faecal indices for diarrhoea were determined after a clinical examination. An analysis of variance for repeated measurements showed a highly significant difference in favour of halofuginone lactate for both the oocyst counts (P=0.0002) and the faecal diarrhoea indices (P=0.0001) throughout the trial. The difference was greatest after seven days, when the mean oocyst count of the placebo group was 2.5 times and its mean faecal index was twice the mean of the halofuginone lactate group. One day after the end of the treatment the calves which received halofuginone lactate excreted 44 per cent fewerC parvumoocysts and 44 per cent fewer of them had diarrhoea. The reduction was even greater (65 per cent) when liquid diarrhoea was assessed, with 32.5 per cent of the calves in the placebo group having liquid diarrhoea compared with 11.5 per cent in the halofuginone lactate group. The treatment was well tolerated and easily administered.
Effects of vehicle movements during transport on the stress responses and meat quality of sheep
Authors: Ruiz‐de‐la‐Torre J. L. , Velarde A. , Manteca X. , Diestre A. , Gispert M. , Hall S. J. G. , Broom D. M. 
Published: October 2010

Two groups of 26 lambs were transported for 15 hours either on smooth highways or on rougher secondary roads. Nine of the animals in each group were monitored for heart rate and the plasma levels of cortisol, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, before the journey began, after four, eight and 12 hours and at slaughter. The pH of the meat was measured 45 minutes and 24 hours postmortem and its colour was assessed 24 hours postmortem. The lambs transported on smooth roads had a lower heart rate and lower plasma cortisol concentrations after eight and 12 hours than the lambs transported on rougher roads. Twenty‐four hours after slaughter the pH of the meat of the lambs transported on smooth roads was lower than that of the lambs transported on rougher roads.
Postmortem biochemical markers of experimentally induced hypomagnesaemic tetany in cattle
Authors: McCoy M. A. , Hutchinson T. , Davison G. , Kennedy D. G. , Fitzpatrick D. A. , Rice D. A 
Published: October 2010

Severe hypomagnesaemia and tetany were induced in 10 lactating cows by feeding them semi‐synthetic low magnesium diets and the animals were used to study the stability of postmortem markers of hypomagnesaemic tetany. There were significant relationships between the concentrations of magnesium in either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or plasma and either aqueous or vitreous humour. The onset of hypomagnesamic tetany was also associated with low magnesium concentrations in plasma, CSF and aqueous and vitreous humour. Magnesium concentrations less than 0.25 mmol/litre in fresh aqueous humour may be indicative of severe hypomagnesaemia and possible tetany in lactating cows, but the concentration of magnesium in aqueous humour was unstable postmortem. The concentration of magnesium in vitreous humour was relatively stable and a concentration of less than 0.55 mmol/litre could be used as a diagnostic marker of tetany in cattle for up to at least 48 hours postmortem, at ambient temperatures typical of Northem Ireland.