bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teleworking and the Challenges of Digitalization: The Role of Human Resource Managers
Authors: Pompa Leonardo , De Pretis Francesco , Cambrea Domenico Rocco , Garzia Carmine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTeleworking, which in most cases means “working from home,” has led many researchers to claim that workplace flexibility is bound to become the “new normal.” Whereas such scholars have adequately stressed the benefits of the digitalization of work processes, its more controversial aspects have often been downplayed. Building on a thorough examination of recent literature, this study analyzes the relationship between digitalization and ethics from a theoretical perspective. After analyzing the potential conflicts between teleworking and corporate social responsibility, a new theoretical model will be introduced to assist human resource managers in the implementation of genuinely sustainable practices. In this regard, this work aims to propose a decision tree as a tool for HR managers and test it with a hypothetical case study, thus including the required indicators and assessing the potential developments of this decision‐making strategy through an explanation of its implications. The conclusion is that the ethical viability of teleworking is not necessarily a beneficial solution per se, but rather a trade‐off between different sustainable practices.
Socio‐economic status and the effect of guideline‐directed medical therapy in the STRONG‐HF study
Authors: Damasceno Albertino , Saidu Hadiza , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth , Edwards Christopher , Celutkiene Jelena , Adamo Marianna , Arrigo Mattia , Barros Marianela , Biegus Jan , Čerlinskaitė‐Bajorė Kamilė , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Deniau Benjamin , Diaz Rafael , Filippatos Gerasimos , Gayat Etienne , Kimmoun Antoine , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Metra Marco , Novosadova Maria , Pagnesi Matteo , Pang Peter S. , Ponikowski Piotr , Ter Maaten Jozine M. , Tomasoni Daniela , Voors Adriaan A. , Takagi Koji , Mebazaa Alexandre , Sliwa Karen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsAcute heart failure (AHF) impacts millions globally, with outcomes varying based on socio‐economic status (SES).MethodsSES measured by annual household income, years of education and medical insurance coverage. Each patient's income and education level relative to the median or mean, respectively, in the country was calculated, and categorized into tertiles (0, 1 or 2 from lowest to highest). SES scores (0–5) were computed as the sum of these levels plus insurance coverage (0 = no or 1 = yes). Patients' baseline characteristics, outcomes (HF readmission, death and their composite) and the effect of high‐intensity care (HIC) vs. usual care (UC) were examined by SES scores 0–2, 3 and 4–5.ResultsLower SES patients, who were younger, predominantly female, Black and non‐European, had fewer comorbidities such as atrial fibrillation, diabetes and ischaemic heart disease and exhibited milder HF, indicated by a lower NYHA class, lower creatinine and higher cholesterol before discharge. Despite having milder HF and less comorbidities, after adjusting for baseline characteristics, patients with higher SES had numerically better outcomes, though differences were not statistically significant. 180‐day hazard ratios (HRs) for HF readmission or death were 0.75 (95% CI 0.48–1.16) for SES scores of 3 and 0.85 (95% CI 0.58–1.23) for scores of 4–5, compared to 0–2. Higher SES patients had numerically better treatment effect from HIC, with HRs of 0.69 for SES 0–2, 0.72 for SES 3 and 0.50 for SES 4–5.ConclusionsIn this post hoc analysis of the STRONG‐HF study, lower SES was associated with milder acute HF but similar 180‐day outcomes. Higher SES patients benefitted more from HIC.
Optimal Dispatch of Power System Considering Low Carbon Demand Response of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Wei Zhenyu , Zhao Yi , Sun Wenyao , Qian Xiaoyi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis research suggests a double‐layer optimization operation approach that considers electric vehicle participation when low‐carbon scheduling is used within the power system; there is a need to provide assistance in the transition to low‐carbon energy sources. The Monte Carlo technique is used to simulate data for electric vehicle load predictions. The top model uses the grid operators as its central organization. It sets the lowest generation and carbon trading costs as its objective, engages directly in the carbon trading market, determines the ideal model for unit output distribution, and determines each unit's actual production. In the lower model, the operators of the electric vehicle cluster sense changes in the upper carbon emission factor signal, modify their charging behavior through demand response, calculate the single‐day reduction of carbon emissions, and the attainment of the benefits associated with the mitigation of carbon exhausts. A carbon emissions model is used to assign the responsibility for carbon exhausts from the user side of the generator unit to the carbon discharge aspect mechanism. Four distinct scenarios are built up, illustrating the enhanced IEEE 14 node system, to examine and confirm the efficacy of the suggested optimum scheduling model.
Seagull optimization based deep belief network model for biofuel production
Authors: Paramesh Kumar N. , Vijayabaskar S. , Murali L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBiofuels have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels due to their potential to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on non‐renewable resources. Fluctuating energy costs and policy interventions have substantially increased global interest in biofuel production, imperative for population growth and accelerated economic development. High computation complexity, low accuracy, and other factors limited earlier works in biological production, which were overcome by predictive modeling, a promising approach to enhance efficiency and sustainability through precise forecasting and process optimization. This article introduces an innovative biofuel production prediction model named the Seagull optimization based deep belief network model for biofuel production (SGO‐DBN), comprising four major stages: data pre‐processing, reconstruction, prediction, and SGO optimization. The proposed model initially performs data pre‐processing using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique. A DBN model is used to predict biofuel production, which is further optimized by a seagull optimization algorithm‐based hyperparameter optimizer. The biofuel production rate consistently increased over six years with minimal divergence between the predicted and actual outcome. A comparative analysis showed the computation time of the proposed SGO‐DBN model was lower than that of existing techniques, while the rate of production analysis emphasized the model's robust predictive performance. Results of numerous simulations conducted to evaluate the model's performance based on various metrics showed that the SGO‐DBN model surpassed the performance of recent state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Improving the Productivity and Income of Smallholder Sorghum Farmers: The Role of Improved Crop Varieties in Nigeria
Authors: Kamara Amadu Y. , Adesiyan Adewumi T. , Oyinbo Oyakhilomen , Ajeigbe Hakeem A. , Ignatius Angarawai I. , Oluwole Temitope S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAmong others, biotic and abiotic constraints associated with climate variability contribute to the low productivity of sorghum in Nigeria and other Sub‐Saharan African countries. In this regard, improved sorghum varieties (ISVs) have been developed to address the constraints and boost the productivity of smallholder sorghum farmers. However, there is a scarcity of empirical studies on the adoption and impacts of ISVs. Using plot‐level data from 3308 plots, we examine the drivers and impacts of the adoption of ISVs on the productivity and net income of sorghum farmers in Nigeria. To do so, we estimate an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model, which accounts for potential selection bias from observed and unobserved heterogeneity, and we perform some robustness checks. Our results show that the adoption rate of ISVs is about 25% in the study area. Among other factors, access to varietal information and distance to the seed market strongly explain the adoption of ISVs. The adoption of ISVs led to an increase in sorghum yield and net income by 13% and 17% respectively. Our results suggest that most smallholder sorghum farmers will not benefit from the productivity and income gains, given the relatively low adoption of ISVs. Overall, our findings imply that policymakers and development partners should increase investments in promoting the widespread adoption of ISVs through interventions, such as improved extension services and accessibility of seeds to deliver productivity gains to smallholder sorghum farmers.
Production, utilization, and quality of irrigated grasses and legumes in the Mountain West USA under mob stocking or mowing at the same defoliation frequency and intensity
Authors: MacAdam Jennifer W. , Maughan Brody , Dai Xin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundFeed is the most costly input for US ruminant livestock production systems, and increasing the utilization efficiency of irrigated forage systems can improve system profitability. This study assessed the production, utilization, and quality of 22 intensively managed perennial grasses and legumes.MethodsForages were cultivated as monocultures under irrigation and subjected to mob stocking or similarly frequent and intense mowing for 2 years at 6‐week intervals between May and September. Twenty‐two grasses and legumes were randomly assigned to adjacent 1.5‐m‐wide × 9‐m‐long split subplots within each whole plot of eight replications, and the eight replications were grouped into four pairs, with the two replications per pair randomly assigned to defoliation either by grazing or mowing.ResultsSeven mostly warm‐season grasses did not persist following the first defoliation, and accumulation for three legume species could be evaluated only twice in Year 1. For the 12 remaining forage species defoliated four times in both years, defoliation management did not affect dry matter accumulation or removal, but utilization was 10% greater under grazing than mowing (p = 0.0031).ConclusionsUnder 6‐week‐long rest periods, numerous irrigated cool‐season grasses and temperate legumes were tolerant of repeated mob grazing.
Extended Technical and Clinical Validation of Deep Learning‐Based Brainstem Segmentation for Application in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Gesierich Benno , Sander Laura , Pirpamer Lukas , Meier Dominik S. , Ruberte Esther , Amann Michael , Sinnecker Tim , Huck Antal , de Leeuw Frank‐Erik , Maillard Pauline , Moy Sue , Helmer Karl G. ,   MarkVCID Consortium, Levin Johannes , Höglinger Günter U. ,   PROMESA Study Group, Kühne Michael , Bonati Leo H. , Kuhle Jens , Cattin Philippe , Granziera Cristina , Schlaeger Regina , Duering Marco 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDisorders of the central nervous system, including neurodegenerative diseases, frequently affect the brainstem and can present with focal atrophy. This study aimed to (1) optimize deep learning‐based brainstem segmentation for a wide range of pathologies and T1‐weighted image acquisition parameters, (2) conduct a systematic technical and clinical validation, (3) improve segmentation quality in the presence of brainstem lesions, and (4) make an optimized brainstem segmentation tool available for public use. An intentionally heterogeneous ground truth dataset (n = 257) was employed in the training of deep learning models based on multi‐dimensional gated recurrent units (MD‐GRU) or the nnU‐Net method. Segmentation performance was evaluated against ground truth labels. FreeSurfer was used for benchmarking in subsequent validation. Technical validation, including scan‐rescan repeatability (n = 46) and inter‐scanner reproducibility (n = 20, 3 different scanners) in unseen data, was conducted in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Clinical validation in unseen data was performed in 1‐year follow‐up data of 16 patients with multiple system atrophy, evaluating the annual percentage volume change. Two lesion filling algorithms were investigated to improve segmentation performance in 23 patients with multiple sclerosis. The MD‐GRU and nnU‐Net models demonstrated very good segmentation performance (median Dice coefficients ≥ 0.95 each) and outperformed a previously published model trained on a narrower dataset. Scan–rescan repeatability and inter‐scanner reproducibility yielded similar Bland–Altman derived limits of agreement for longitudinal FreeSurfer (total brainstem volume repeatability/reproducibility 0.68/1.85), MD‐GRU (0.72/1.46), and nnU‐Net (0.48/1.52). All methods showed comparable performance in the detection of atrophy in the total brainstem (atrophy detected in 100% of patients) and its substructures. In patients with multiple sclerosis, lesion filling further improved the accuracy of brainstem segmentation. We enhanced and systematically validated two fully automated deep learning brainstem segmentation methods and released them publicly. This enables a broader evaluation of brainstem volume as a candidate biomarker for neurodegeneration.
Factors Increasing the Likelihood of Postoperative Hematomas Following Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Ajit‐Roger Emily , Hier Jessica , Mascarella Marco , Semsar‐Kazerooni Koorosh , Wurzba Sabrina Daniela Silva , Forest Véronique‐Isabelle , Hier Michael P. , Mlynarek Alex , Mancini Carmelina , Payne Richard J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeck hematoma following thyroid surgery is a potentially life‐threatening complication.MethodsThis retrospective case–control study reviewed neck hematoma reoperations following thyroid surgery (2009–2024), using 3:1 matching. Univariable analysis identified hematoma and delayed onset (≥ 6 h) risk factors, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAmong 5502 surgeries, the hematoma incidence was 0.55% (n = 30). The mean age was 54 and the female‐to‐male ratio was 7:3. Key risk factors included pre‐induction blood pressure > 160 mmHg (OR = 3.04 [95% CI = 1.25–7.39], p = 0.014) and limited blood pressure change postmedication (OR = 6.25 [95% CI = 1.03–38.08], p = 0.047). The hematoma group had higher rates of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, Graves' disease, and prior thyroid surgery, and, in delayed hematoma cases, larger nodules, total thyroidectomy, and central neck dissection, though not statistically significant.ConclusionPatients with poorly controlled blood pressure may not be candidates for outpatient thyroidectomy.
High Resolution Simulation of Nitrate and Ammonium From Point and Diffuse Sources in a Small Headwater Catchment
Authors: Spill Caroline , Gassmann Matthias 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCatchment water quality models are common tools for assessing hydrochemical processes in catchments. They improve the process understanding and help to identify pollutant sources. However, the spatial and temporal resolution of many models is too coarse to represent processes occurring within minutes or hours, making them unsuitable for use in fast‐responding catchments. Examples of such cases are headwater catchments or catchments influenced by urban agglomerations. ZIN‐AgriTra is a physically based model that allows simulations with fine temporal (< 1 h) and spatial (< 100 m) resolution. As it also allows the implementation of point sources, it is suitable for the simulation of headwater catchments with mixed land use. In this study, we test for the first time the ability of ZIN‐AgriTra to represent nitrogen transport and transformation processes in a point source influenced headwater catchment. High resolution time series of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent quantities were available as input to the model. For combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharges, only discharge times were measured. However, this knowledge was still valuable during the calibration process and improved the understanding of CSO contributions during events. Our model setup and modelling strategy allowed us to simulate nitrate and ammonium export from the catchment sufficiently. Overall, point sources have a significant impact of the sensitivity of model parameters by influencing the mixing ratio between point sources and stream discharge. As point sources were found to have a large impact on water quality and quantity, not considering them would inevitably lead to incorrect parameterisation of model parameters. Models should become more inclusive in order to be able to represent processes in mixed land use catchments, especially in places, where data availability is limited.
Association of Cumulative Exposure to Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All‐Cause Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Qian , Cui Haozhe , Si Fei , Wu Yuntao , Yu Jing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that metabolic score for visceral fat (METS‐VF), a novel surrogate indicator assessing visceral fat, was associated with the risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, predicting the risks based on a single METS‐VF measurement can increase limitations of the study. Few studies have investigated the association between cumulative exposure to METS‐VF and risk of CVD and all‐cause mortality. We aimed to examine the association of cumulative METS‐VF with risk for CVD and all‐cause mortality.MethodsAll participants in the study were from the Kailuan Study, which is a large, prospective cohort study, and began in 2006 years. Cumulative METS‐VF was calculated by data from 2006 survey to 2010 survey and defined as the mean METS‐VF for each pair of consecutive surveys multiplied by the time intervals between these two consecutive surveys. The optimal cut‐off value for time‐averaged cumulative METS‐VF associated with CVD was determined using a survival‐time method to calculate maximally selected rank statistics and was used to assess exposure of high METS‐VF. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the risk of CVD and all‐cause mortality during 2010–2022 years (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]).ResultsWe included 41 756 participants (mean age, [52.72 ± 11.64] years, 78.53% males and 21.47% females). All participants were divided into four groups: Q1 (reference group), Q2, Q3 and Q4 according to the quartiles of cumulative METS‐VF, and exposure duration of high METS‐VF was quantified as 0, 2, 4, and 6 years. During the median follow‐up of 12.01 years, 4008 (9.60%) CVD events and 3944 all‐cause mortality events occurred. After adjusting for potential covariates, compared to participants in Q1 group, the HRs of incident CVD and all‐cause mortality were 1.55 (95% CI, 1.38–1.74) and 1.59 (95% CI, 1.40–1.81) for those in Q2 group, 2.13 (95% CI, 1.91–2.38) and 2.67 (95% CI 2.37–3.01) for those in Q3 group, 2.78 (95% CI, 2.49–3.17) and 4.90 (95% CI 4.36–5.50) for those in Q4 group. The HRs for CVD and all‐cause mortality were increased with exposure duration of high METS‐VF increasing. The result of ROC curve analysis showed that cumulative METS‐VF had the highest predictive for CVD among 4 indexes including cumulative METS‐VF, cumulative waist circumference, cumulative body mass index and cumulative WHtR.ConclusionsThe high cumulative METS‐VF was associated with an increased risk of CVD and mortality, and this association was stronger as exposure to high METS‐VF was prolonged, emphasizing the importance of striving to control the METS‐VF.
Neuroimaging Findings in Nondemented Frail Individuals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Harandi Hamid , Mohammadi Soheil , Jahanshahi Ali , Dolatshahi Mahsa , Alikarami Sogol , Zafari Rasa , Raji Cyrus A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundFrailty is a chronic condition characterised by the progressive decline of multiple physiological functions. There is a critical need to investigate neuroimaging findings in nondemented frail individuals to better understand the underlying mechanisms and implications of frailty on brain health. This paper is aimed at reviewing neuroimaging studies assessing brain changes in nondemented frail individuals to understand the neuropsychological basis of frailty.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on studies focusing on neuroimaging modalities in frailty, including MRI, fMRI, DTI and PET. The review was based on PRISMA instructions and a two‐step screening process. The studies evaluating neuroimaging findings of nondemented frail individuals, regardless of publication time or participant age, were included. Data were extracted from the included studies, and the quality of the studies as well as risk of bias was assessed.ResultsOut of 1604 studies screened, 22 eligible studies were included. Out of these, 10 studies had good quality, while others had fair quality according to the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS). Of these studies, 18 used Fried criteria or a modified version of it to diagnose frailty, while the Edmonton frailty score (EFS), Rockwood and Mitnitski frailty index and frailty index (FI) were implemented by the remaining studies. The MRI findings indicated significant differences in brain structure between nondemented frail and robust individuals, including an increased number and size of white matter hyperintensities, reduced grey matter volume, higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and increased number of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in frail participants compared to the robust ones. The studies showed no significant difference between at‐risk and robust groups regarding total intracranial volume (TIV). The number of CMBs was associated with prefrailty status and its severity. fMRI studies showed decreased intranetwork mean functional connectivity (FC) in nondemented frail individuals. DTI studies showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA), higher axial diffusivity (AD) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) in the nondemented frail group. The PET scan study showed that mean cortical beta‐amyloid level was not associated with FI, but the accumulation of beta‐amyloid in the anterior and posterior putamen and precuneus region significantly correlated with frailty and its severity.ConclusionThe study reveals significant differences in brain structures between nondemented frail and robust individuals, including increased white matter hyperintensities and reduced grey matter volume. These differences suggest that vascular changes and brain atrophy in nondemented frail individuals may contribute to cognitive impairment and dementia in the future.
Network Analysis of Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety and Autism: Discrete but Connected
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F. , Vessey Kirstan A. , Evans Ian D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is comorbid with several major psychiatric disorders, primarily anxiety. Although a previous report of a network analysis of five anxiety subtypes and some ASD diagnostic criteria suggested that anxiety was not part of the ASD symptomatology, several methodological limitations challenge the conclusions reported there. To address those limitations and extend understanding of the association between ASD and anxiety, data on ASD symptomatology and the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were collected from 150 autistic boys and their parents and were analysed via network analysis. Results indicated that, although the separation of GAD and ASD symptoms was generally confirmed, several connections were found between the two sets of symptoms, arguing for a more nuanced model of the association between these two disorders. These findings hold implications for the delivery of ‘precision‐medicine’ treatment models for the treatment of anxiety in ASD.