bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Propos Du Varārhavarastotra De Mātcea
Authors: Jong J. W. de 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDans le dernier fascicule du Journal Asiatique M. Bernard Pauly publie un grand nombre de fragments sanskrits du Varārhavarastotra de Mātceta (“Matériaux pour une édition definitive du Vartārhavarastotra de Mātcea”, JA, 1964, pp. 197–271). F. W. Thomas est Ie premier à avoir étudié cet hymne qui, pendant de longs siècles, a joui d'une grande popu1arité dans l'Inde comme l'atteste le témoignage de Yi-tsing qui y séjournait de 673 à 685. Trois fragments du texte sanskrit furent publiés par R. Hoernle en 1916, et quelques autres par Sieg et Siegling en 1921 dans les Tocharische Sprachreste. Enfin, M. D. R. Shackleton Bailey a utilisé de nombreux fragments appartenant à la Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften dans un travail qui témoigne de sa grande compétence dans le domaine de la philologie bouddhique. Il a restitué, de manière admirable, de nombreuses stances défectueuses et a ajouté le texte tibétain des chapitres V–XII et une traduction anglaise basée sur le texte sanskrit et, où celui-cifait défaut, sur la traduction tibétaine.
The Genesis of a Linguistic Area*
Authors: Kuiper F. B. J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract1. A German scholar of a former generation once remarked that there can be no more important task for the Sanskrit philologist than to describe the changes that have taken p1ace, in the course of the ages, in the mentality of the inhabitants of India. What he referred to was the slow but steady cultural process of Indianization of those Aryan tribes who had once, in a prehistoric period, invaded India from Iran. The same thing might be said of the Indic languages. Here, too, there has been a slow process of Indianization, which brought Indo-Aryan, the language of the invaders, more and more into harmony with the languages of the indigenous families, in particular Dravidian and Munda.
Türkische Pferdewörter Bei Einem Sanskrit-Lexikographen?
Authors: Berger Hermann 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn der Festgabe für Herman Lommel (Paideuma, Bd. VII, Heft 4/6, Juli 1960, p. 274–76) hat Manfred Mayrhofer unter dem Titel “Mongolische Pferdewörter bei einem Sanskrit-Lexikographen?” aus Hemacandras Abhidhānacintāmai (12. Jh.) acht Wörter für Pferde mit bestimmten Farben zusammengestellt, die alle auf -āha enden und auffallende etymologische Entsprechungen im Mongolischen haben.
The development of ∂/interconsonantal laryngeal in Iranian
Authors: Ravnæs Erling 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe examination of the material has shown that the only indisputable counter-example against Meillet's theory is Av. (p)tar- and its derivatives -f∂δrī and tūirya-. All the other examples have been shown to be wrong, or at least to have other and in my opinion better explanations. Other theories beside Meillet's have been rejected, either because they are based upon such presuppositions as make them objectionable from a methodological point of view, or because they do not explain the actual facts as they stand. Even though no convincing explanation has been found to make ptar- fit in with Meillet's theory, I do not think that this word alone is justification enough for abandoning this otherwise well-founded theory and replace it with one which can perhaps account for this word, but is in other respects inferior to Meillet's.This article is an adaption of a part of my thesis for the degree of Magister Artium in Comparative Indo-European linguistics at the University of Oslo. I thank Professor F. O. Lindeman and Research fellow P. Skjærvø for their assistance in the preparation, and Professor F. B. J. Kuiper for valuable comments on some points in the article.
Etymological notes on some Mayāī words (Indo-Aryan studies II)
Authors: Patyal Hukam Chand 
Published: March 2012

AbstractI hope that these etymological notes will be useful for comparative linguists of Indo-Aryan. Further studies might reveal many more interesting facts. A comparative study of W. Pahāī dialects should be taken up by some competent Indo-Aryanist(s).
Studien zum śrautaritual I
Authors: Einoo Shingo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article tries to explain the following words in a new way: (1)phalīkarana ‘turning something into a fruit, (Fruchtmachung)’ designates a number of actions, i.e.,avahana, parāpavana, andvivecana, by which corns of cereals are separated from their husks and thus made eatable (tandula). (2)tantrahara used as an adjective in connection with an independent sacrifice means ‘possessing all actions (tantra) necessary for the paradigm of a basic ritual’. (3)prathamaja vatsa means the first-born calf of aparticular cow. (4)anuvasatkarana does not mean ‘the secondvasat call' but a short ritual formula likeagne vīhi orsomasyāgne vīhi, etc. (5)audumbara used as an adjective in connection with copper, in some passages of ritual literature means ‘of reddish colour like anaudumbara fruit’.
Ronald E. Emmerick and Margarita I. Vorob'ëva-Desjatovskaja, Corpus inscriptionum Iranicarum. 2: Inscriptions of the Seleucid and Parthian periods and of Eastern Iran and Central Asia. 5: Saka. Saka documents. text volume III: The St. Petersburg collections
Authors: Maggi  
Published: March 2012

AbstractNo Abstract
Indigenous Vulnerability and the Process Towards the Millennium Development Goals–Will a Human Rights-Based Approach Help?
Authors: Damman Siri 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIndigenous peoples tend not to benefit equally from development processes. This is partly due to lack of efforts by states and others to respect and protect their land and livelihoods, and to a failure to consider their equal rights and their special rights when policies related to development are designed and enacted. As the case of indigenous peoples and the Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG-1) shows, development indicators and strategies may not properly capture and address their special circumstances and concerns. Information should be sought on the specific situations of the most marginalized, and development policies should be sensitive to national multicultural realities. The newly adopted UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples does, in addition to other human right instruments, provide guidance on how development processes, and in particular the process towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), may better respond to indigenous peoples' needs and development aspirations.
Human Rights of Indigenous Minorities in Tanzania and the Courts of Law
Authors: Maina Peter Chris 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTanzania has several indigenous minorities. They include the Maasai, Barbaig, Hadzabe, Ndorobo and others. Some are still engaged in hunting and gathering, while others are pastoralists. The government is unhappy about their way of life and believes that it has a duty to “emancipate” these “backward” people by “civilising” them through bringing “modern development” to areas they live in. This is through the building of schools and hospitals, the provision of running water, etc. In the process of undertaking this mission, it has negatively affected the lives of these groups. It has destroyed their property, and displaced them from their traditional living areas. This has been done in total disregard to their ways of life, traditions, beliefs and above all the right to own property which is guaranteed by the Constitution. Some of the indigenous minorities whose rights have been violated by the government have decided to challenge the violation of their fundamental rights in the courts of law. This paper examines the handling of the cases related to the rights of indigenous minorities by the higher judiciary in Tanzania, particularly the High Court and the Court of Appeal. Experience indicates that, like the government, the judiciary has been sympathetic toward indigenous minorities.
Ritualdiskurs, Ritualkritik und Meditationspraxis: Das Beispiel von Vipassanā nach S. N. Goenka im "Westen"
Authors: Neubert Frank 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBy analysing primary sources, I show in this paper how the Vipassanā meditation movement publicly objects to being categorized as a religious movement that teaches a certain form of ritual. I argue that the application of the meta-language terms "ritual" or "religion" to the practices taught by this movement, even though it is doubtlessly possible, does not help us solve the problems in explaining this fact; nor does it help in analysing the movement and its history. I argue that it is more appropriate to understand the polemic differentiation by Vipassanā as a strategy in a "modern" public discourse on religion and ritual. It seems that the reason for applying this strategy lies in the wish to avoid being identified with negative connotations of the terms "ritual" and "religion," such as inefficacy, irrationality and exaggerated rigidity. Instead, the protagonists stress rationality, efficacy and adaptation to the necessities of modern Western society. On the other hand, the movement also draws a line between itself and a so-called modern "esotericism" in which "rituals" are regarded as highly positive in their effects on humans.
"Nontranslatable": Indigenous Concepts in Social Science Research on China
Authors: Gransow Bettina 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFew would doubt that literary translation, in addition to transferring language, also deals with the problem of transferring aspects of culture. This is far less obvious with respect to the translation of scientific literature, which is held to use a universally valid and objective set of terms. The humanities and social sciences, however, involve just as many cultural ties as do literary works. This raises the question of how one should deal with terms that do not exist within the conceptual range of the target audience, or with concepts whose claim to universality is questionable. This gives rise to the question of whether indigenous concepts are universal or culturally specific. Finally, one must determine whether the use of indigenous concepts does in fact rule out a cross-cultural comparison. These questions are dealt with in this essay in the context of debates on the indigenization of the Chinese social sciences.
Bordeaux Et La Cochinchine Sous La Restauration
Authors: Cordier Henri 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMode à adopter pour l'exploitation du commerce de la Cochinchine en conséquence des motifs qui se présentent pour un système à peu près exclusif. Quelle part la Cour de France prendra-t-elle dans tout ce qui peut contribuer à maintenir, à augmenter s'il se peut, les bonnes dispositions du souverain de ce pays? MM. Balguerie et Cie jouiront-ils sur les denrées et marchandises provenant du sauvetage, des mêmes faveurs qui leur étaient assurées sur les retours directs de la Cochinchine? Quels témoignages de satisfaction accordera-t-on à MM. CHAIGNEA U et VANNIER? Aux chefs des maisons qui ont armé les deux navires la Paix et le Henry, aux deux Capitaines et au subrécargue BOREL? Tels sont les objets soumis à la délibération du Conseil.
On kuppuru, kippēr and Etymological Sins that Cannot be Wiped Away
Authors: Feder Yitzhaq 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe discovery of Mesopotamian ritual texts employing the term kuppuru (“rub, wipe”) has been a major turning point in the semantic analysis of Hebrew kippēr. It is now commonplace to find the Hebrew term interpreted in light of the concrete sense of the Akkadian, yielding the notion of “wiping away” sin. The present article demonstrates why this prevailing view is untenable by means of 1) analysis of the lexical data, 2) identification of common misconstruals of this evidence, and 3) comparison of the kuppuru / kippēr relationship to the largely analogous case of Akkadian salāu (“sprinkle”) and Hebrew sāla (“forgive”).
Polite Language in the Lachish Letters
Authors: Bridge Edward J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA study of the Lachish letters (ostraca) that goes beyond treating conventional formulae as simply epistolary phenomena or scribal preference shows that such language, along with other forms of language expressed in the letters, reflects a culture of high politeness. However, this culture is not restrictive. The senders also feel free to express their opinion and even criticise the recipient at times, with a corresponding reduction in respectful language. Such adjustment of language use to topic and/or emotion explains the variation in both conventional and other forms of polite language. When compared to biblical narrative and prayer, the letters affirm the biblical portrayal of social relationships. That is, the biblical portrayal of generally high politeness to a social superior or deity yet freedom to express opinion and criticism, along with the reduction in politeness that naturally occurs, with it reflects social reality of the time.
The Phenomenon Qere We La’ Ketib in the Main Biblical Codices: New Data
Authors: Martín-Contreras Elvira 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
New relevant data have been obtained by a comparative study on the phenomenon qere we la’ ketib in the main biblical Tiberian codices (Cairo, Aleppo, Leningrad) and their masorot. They modify the general view on the number, the representation and the formula of this phenomenon and show that it is more complex than what has been described up to now.
The “Seven Eyes” of Zech 3:9 and the Meaning of the Dual Form
Authors: Thomson Christopher J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The so-called “dual” form, when it occurs with parts of the body naturally occurring in pairs such as hands and eyes, is not dual in meaning as commonly supposed, but rather plural. This explains why the phrase שִׁבְעָה עֵינָ֑יִם in Zech 3:9 means “seven eyes” and not, as occasionally suggested, “seven pairs of eyes.” This “dual-form plural” is only rarely used where terms for body parts are extended to other objects, making it unlikely that עֵינַ֫יִם means either “facets” or “springs.”
A World Turned on its Head in ancient Near Eastern Prophetic Literature: A Powerful Strategy to Depict Chaotic Scenarios
Authors: Kruger Paul Albertus 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This contribution argues that the notion of inversion often functions as a key literary principle in the repertoire of some ancient Near Eastern (Mesopotamian and Syro-Palestinian) “prophetic” scenarios of chaos: the world of chaos is portrayed as the direct reverse of the ideal world. Selected examples from Mesopotamia (e.g. the Marduk Prophecy) and Syro-Palestine (the Balaam inscription and various passages from the Hebrew Bible) are offered to illustrate this idea.
ACARTIA BIFILOSA (COPEPODA, CALANOIDA): ACANTHACARTIA OR ACARTIURA?
Authors: Castro-Longoria Ernestina , Williams John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAdult specimens of Acartia bifilosa have been examined under SEM and evidence of the presence of rostral filaments in this species is confirmed. The suggestion of Shim & Choi (1996) to change its taxonomic position from the subgenus Acanthacartia to the subgenus Acartiura is therefore rejected. This report clearly shows that A. bifilosa should remain in its current taxonomic position, although further taxonomic/genetic studies on this species are necessary. Des specimens adultes d' Acartia bifilosa ont ete examines sous MEB et la presence de filaments rostraux chez cette espece est confirmee. La suggestion de Shim & Choi (1996) de deplacer sa position taxonomique du sous-genre Acanthacartia au sous-genre Acartiura est de ce fait rejetee. Ces observations montrent clairement qu' A. bifilosa devrait conserver sa position taxonomique courante, bien que des etudes taxonomiques/genetiques complementaires sur cette espece soient necessaires.
Two new nematode genera (Rhabditida: Drilonematoidea) from earthworms
Authors: Ivanova Elena S. , Hope W. Duane 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Two new genera of Drilonematoidea from earthworms deposited in the collection
of the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum are described.
Acanthungella africana gen. n., sp. n. (Ungellidae) was found parasitic in
the coelomic cavity of Millsonia nigra Beddard, 1894 and Araguanema
venezuelae gen. n., sp. n. (Drilonematidae) was found in the coelomic cavity
of Rhinodrilus sp. Acanthungella africana gen. n., sp. n. is closely related
to Ungella Cobb, 1928, but distinguished from it and the rest of the
ungellid genera by having a series of numerous sublateral sensilla through
the length of the body. Araguanema venezuelae gen. n., sp. n. is similar to
two other monotypic drilonematid genera, namely Diceloides Timm, 1967 and
Mbanema Spiridonov, 1992, in having vesicular sensory organs. Araguanema
gen. n. can be distinguished from Diceloides by the number and position of
lateral fimbriate and vesicular sensory organs; the nerve ring located
around the isthmus of the pharynx vs at the pharyngo-intestinal junction; a
single ovum in the uterus vs more than 100 ova; presence vs absence of an
excretory duct; long fibres protruding from the anal aperture vs the absence
of such fibres; and by the absence vs presence of a spermatheca. Araguanema
gen. n. differs from Mbanema in having a cylindrical vs a clavate pharynx,
and by the presence of anterior and caudal fimbriate organs vs caudal
only.
Professional Capital Contested: A Bourdieusian Analysis of Conflicts between Professionals and Managers
Authors: Noordegraaf Mirko , Schinkel Willem 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlthough Bourdieu paid scant attention to (and in fact discredited) the notion of professionalism, his social theory is well-equipped to understand the evolution of professional work. Professionalism can be conceived as a set of symbolic resources that (re)produce an occupational order, favoring expertise and craftsmanship. In neo-liberal economies this order is contested and professional powers are distrusted; professional work is seen as closed-off and conservative. Managers have become important vehicles for rationalizing and innovating production, and improving “value for money.” In fact, managerial “fields” are created, and conflicts between managerial and professional fields are well documented. These conflicts are ironic, as new classes of managers seek classic strategies of professionalization as well as classic forms of professional capital for securing managerial positions. They form professional associations, for instance, and invest in schooling, credentials and work codes. This paper explores conflicts between professionals and managers as “contests over symbolic capital.” We argue that professional capital is appropriated by managers in order to distinguish “new” from “old” professional work in larger economized fields of power.
Rebellion to Reform in Bolivia. Part I: Domestic Class Structure, Latin-American Trends, and Capitalist Imperialism
Authors: Webber Jeffery 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article, which will appear in three parts over three issues of Historical Materialism, presents a broad analysis of the political economy and dynamics of social change during the first year (January 2006–January 2007) of the Evo Morales government in Bolivia. It situates this analysis in the wider historical context of left-indigenous insurrection between 2000 and 2005, the class structure of the country, the changing character of contemporary capitalist imperialism, and the resurgence of anti-neoliberalism and anti-imperialism elsewhere in Latin America. It considers, at a general level, the overarching dilemmas of revolution and reform. These considerations are then grounded in analyses of the 2000–5 revolutionary epoch, the 18 December 2005 elections, the social origins and trajectory of the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) as a party, the complexities of the relationship between indigenous liberation and socialist emancipation, the process of the Constituent Assembly, the political economy of natural gas and oil, the rise of an autonomist right-wing movement, US imperialism, and Bolivia's relations with Venezuela and Cuba. The central argument is that the economic policies of the new government exhibit important continuities with the inherited neoliberal model and that advancing the project of indigenous liberation and socialist emancipation will require renewed self-activity, self-organisation and strategic mobilisation of popular left-indigenous forces autonomous from the MAS government.
Value after Lehman
Authors: Mann Geoff 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article considers the status and meaning of the category of value in the wake of the financial crisis that began in 2007. I argue that value is best understood as a form of social wealth constituted by a spatially and temporally generalising social relation of equivalence and substitutability under, and specific to, capitalism ‐ and that a categorial focus shows that despite massive ‘devaluations’, the value-relation is not itself in crisis. On the contrary, it is running at near full capacity, erasing the difference between ‘financial’ and ‘real’ capitals, values, and assets. Consequently, attempts to understand the crisis that rely on material distinctions between ‘real’ and ‘fictitious’ values and capitals overstate the extent and depth of the crisis for capital, and underestimate the virtually uninterrupted consolidation of the rule of the value, i.e. the territorial and historical imperative of equivalence and substitutability.
Reclaiming Marx’s ‘Capital’: A Refutation of the Myth of Inconsistency, Andrew Kliman, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2007.
Authors: Jeannot Thomas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAndrew Kliman’s Reclaiming Marx’s ‘Capital’ sets out to refute the ‘myth’ that Marx’s original presentation of the theory of the value is internally inconsistent. A century ago, Bortkiewicz purported to demonstrate that Marx’s mistake was his failure to adopt simultaneous valuation. Thereafter, twentieth-century Marxian economics worked out a ‘corrected’ version of Marx’s original theory, culminating in Steedman’s 1977 Marx after Sraffa. Conclusions Marx himself deemed central were dropped, prominently including the law of the tendential fall in the rate of profit. But simultaneous valuation is absolutely incompatible with Marx’s first and fundamental premise, the determination of value by labour-time. On the other hand, if Marx’s major theoretical conclusions do consistently follow from his premises, including the transformation of values into prices of production, then the quantitative dimension of his value-theory is internally consistent after all and stands in no need of correction on this score. Advocating a temporal, single-system interpretation, Kliman shows how ‘two simple modifications’ eliminate ‘all of the alleged inconsistencies in the quantitative dimension of Marx’s value theory’: valuation is temporal, and values and prices are determined interdependently. Kliman’s refutation is sound, but his claim to know Marx’s intentions, in E.D. Hirsch’s sense, is questionable.
Late Bronze/Early Iron Age Fortresses of the Ararat and Shirak Plains, Armenia: Typological Gonsiderations
Authors: Smith Adam T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWalled fortresses set atop rock outcrops and hills are the dominant settlement type documented in archaeological investigations of late second/early first millennium B.C. southern Transcaucasia. These sites arose as centers of the emerging complex polities in the region, marking not only the expansion of social inequalities but the formalization of a governmental apparatus. However, there have been few systematic attempts to understand the morphology of Late Bronze/Early Iron Age fortresses and assess dimensions of formal variation. This article proposes a typology of these early southern Transcaucasian fortresses based upon qualitative dimensions of a corpus of fortress sites from the Ararat and Shirak plains of the Republic of Armenia. Variation in these qualitative dimensions is then assessed in reference to quantitative elements of settlement.