bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling methane in hydrothermal minerals on Earth and Mars
Authors: McMahon Sean , Parnell John , Blamey Nigel J. F. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe source of Martian atmospheric methane is unknown. On Earth, hydrothermal mineral deposits contain ancient methane together with a host of chemical and geological lines of evidence for the mechanism of gas production. Such deposits are therefore potentially attractive sampling sites on Mars. In order to evaluate this potential, hydrothermal calcite veins were sampled across the Caithness region of Scotland and analysed for methane by an incremental-crushing mass spectrometry technique that may be adaptable to Mars rovers. Methane was detected in all samples. Variations in the quantity of methane released were found to relate directly to the geological history of the localities. Calcite particle size was found to affect measurements in a systematic and informative way. Oxidative weathering had no discernable effect on methane recoverability. These results suggest that the technique is sensitive and informative enough to deserve consideration for missions to Mars.
Interannual variability of chlorophyll and the influence of low‐frequency climate modes in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre
Authors: Cianca A. , Godoy J. M. , Martin J. M. , Perez‐Marrero J. , Rueda M. J. , Llinás O. , Neuer S. 
Published: February 2012

The impact of low‐frequency climate modes on the large‐scale variability of chlorophyll‐a (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) concentration in the subtropics is little known. Here we examined the concurrent monthly chlorophyll‐a and hydrographical records obtained at two subtropical time series stations (Bermuda Atlantic Time series Study, BATS and European Station for Time series in the Ocean Canary Islands, ESTOC) from the beginning of the time series (1989 at BATS and 1994 at ESTOC) to 2003, in order to analyze its seasonal and interannual variability and investigate the potential correlation with large‐scale atmospheric oscillations. At BATS, Chl‐a variations are mainly caused by differences in the convective mixing and mesoscale phenomena. Variability in winter mixing is a significant factor at ESTOC as exemplified by years with anomalously deep mixed layer depths. An additional nutrient source causing Chl‐a variability at this station likely occurs due to nutrient advection driven by the baroclinic flow caused by the Trade Winds during summertime. We found that interannual variability in mean integrated total Chl‐a (TChl‐a) is significantly correlated with temperature and salinity anomalies at BATS. Chl‐a also covaried with changes in temperature although the correlation was not significant at ESTOC. We could not find any direct correlation between TChl‐a and NAO at BATS; the correlation improved between TChl‐a and NAO +1 year but was still insignificant. However, significant correlations were found for ESTOC between TChl‐a anomalies and ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) +3 years and NAO +1 year time lag.
Predicting Spanish–English Bilingual Children’s Language Abilities
Authors: Hammer Carol Scheffner , Komaroff Eugene , Rodriguez Barbara L. , Lopez Lisa M. , Scarpino Shelley E. , Goldstein Brian 
Published: February 2012

Purpose
In this study, the authors investigated factors that affect bilingual children’s vocabulary and story recall abilities in their 2 languages.

Method
Participants included 191 Latino families and their children, who averaged 59 months of age. Data on parental characteristics and children’s exposure to and usage of Spanish and English were collected. The authors assessed children’s Spanish and English vocabulary and story recall abilities using subtests of the Woodcock–Muñoz Language Survey—Revised (Woodcock, Muñoz-Sandoval, Ruef, & Alvarado, 2005).

Results

Sizeable percentages of variation in children’s English (
R
2
= .61) and Spanish (
R
2
= .55) vocabulary scores were explained by children’s exposure to, and usage of, each language and maternal characteristics. Similarly, variations in children’s story recall scores in English (
R
2
= .38) and Spanish (
R
2
= .19) were also explained by the factors considered in this investigation. However, the authors found that different sets of factors in each category affected children’s vocabulary and story recall abilities in each language.

Conclusions
Children’s exposure to and usage of their two languages as well as maternal characteristics play significant roles in bilingual individuals' language development. The results highlight the importance of gathering detailed sociolinguistic information about bilingual children when these children are involved in research and when they enter the educational system.
Accuracy of the Patch model used to estimate density and capture efficiency in depletion experiments for sessile invertebrates and fish
Authors: Hennen Daniel R. , Jacobson Larry D. , Tang Jiashen 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Hennen, D., Jacobson, L., and Tang, J. 2012. Accuracy of the Patch model used to estimate density and capture efficiency in depletion experiments for sessile invertebrates and fish. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 240–249. The Patch model is used to analyse depletion experiment data for sessile invertebrates and fish that do not randomize after sampling. Simulations indicate that density and capture efficiency estimates were useful under realistic conditions for Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) and many other sessile demersal species. Density estimates were generally biased low by position-data errors, whereas efficiency estimates were relatively unbiased. A new “hit” matrix method improved the accuracy of efficiency estimates, reduced the variability for efficiency and density estimates, and simplified assumptions about the movement of organisms after sampling. Depletion tows should be spaced to cover the entire study area and to intersect in areas where densities are not low. Model estimates can be made for individuals fully or partially selected by the sampling gear, and information about size selectivity is useful. Patch-model estimates can be used to calculate swept-area abundance or biomass, estimate catchability coefficients for survey or catch per unit effort data, form prior distributions used in stock assessment models, and estimate efficiency for other types of sampling gear.
Cormorant diet in relation to temporal changes in fish communities
Authors: Boström Maria K. , Östman Örjan , Bergenius Mikaela A. J. , Lunneryd Sven-Gunnar 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBoström, M. K., Östman, Ö., Bergenius, M. A. J., and Lunneryd, S-G. 2012. Cormorant diet in relation to temporal changes in fish communities. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 175–183. The stomach contents of 229 great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) shot between March and October 2009 along the Swedish east coast were analysed for differences in diet between gender, age, and breeding phase. Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pungitius pungitius) were the most common prey, followed by eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), herring (Clupea harengus membras), and cyprinids (Cyprinidae). Diet did not differ between age and gender, but changed over the breeding season. The different phases explained around 10% of the total variation in stomach content between cormorants, suggesting no major shift in diet over the breeding season. The diet of cormorants in 2009 was compared with the results of a study conducted in the same area in 1992. There were evident changes in the diet between 1992 and 2009, with less perch (Perca fluviatilis) and cyprinids and more eelpout and herring in 2009. This change in diet could partly be related to changes in the fish community. The seasonal changes in diet composition of whole stomachs were less notable than in many previous studies, but long-term changes in the fish communities may induce changes in cormorant diet. It is clearly important to use stomach contents in areas with many small fish species for a comprehensive assessment of cormorant diet.
Data-limited management reference points to avoid collapse of stocks dependent on learned migration behaviour
Authors: MacCall Alec D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMacCall, A. D. 2012. Data-limited management reference points to avoid collapse of stocks dependent on learned migration behaviour. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 267–270. Risk of stock collapse associated with the loss of a stock's migrational knowledge may be underestimated by conventional reference points. In this paper, I describe three different approaches: a data-poor precautionary approach is to ensure that individuals spawn at least twice; a data-intermediate approach is to calculate a repeat spawning potential ratio (rSPR), which is analogous to the conventional SPR; and for data-rich cases, age-structured population simulations are recommended.
Measuring dental fear using the CFSS‐DS. Do children and parents agree?
Authors: KRIKKEN JANNEKE B. , Van WIJK ARJEN J. , Ten CATE JACOB M. , VEERKAMP JAAP S. J. 
Published: February 2012

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23: 94–100
Background.  In most studies, the parental version of the CFSS‐DS is used; however, no information is available concerning the extent to which parents are able to report dental fear on behalf of their children.Aim.  This study aims to assess whether parents are accurate reporters of their child’s dental fear.Methods.  The CFSS‐DS was filled out by 326 children in a classroom setting and by 167 parents (mostly mothers) at home on behalf of their child. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used as a measure of agreement between both CFSS‐DS versions, and reasons for nonagreement were assessed.Results.  Mean CFSS‐DS for children was 21.15 (SD = 6.4) and for parents 23.26 (SD = 6.7). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.57. After selection of the 73.1% most accurate reporting parents, the ICC was 0.90. In general, parents estimate the dental fear of their children higher than their children do (P ≤ 0.001), whereas parents of high anxious children (HAC) estimate this fear lower, and parents of low anxious children (LAC) estimate this fear higher. Anxious parents (AP) estimate the dental fear of their children significantly higher than nonanxious parents (NAP) (P ≤ 0.001), but the children of AP do not estimate their own dental fear higher than children of NAP.Conclusions.  In general, parents tend to estimate the dental fear of their children slightly higher than their children.
The prevalence of rhinitis and its association with smoking and obesity in a nationwide survey of Japanese adults
Authors: Konno S. , Hizawa N. , Fukutomi Y. , Taniguchi M. , Kawagishi Y. , Okada C. , Tanimoto Y. , Takahashi K. , Akasawa A. , Akiyama K. , Nishimura M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundRhinitis is a common disease, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Several studies have provided evidence of a strong association between asthma and rhinitis. Although smoking and obesity have been extensively analyzed as risk factors of asthma, associations with rhinitis are less clear.ObjectiveThe aims of our study were (i) to evaluate the prevalence of rhinitis using the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire in Japanese adults and (ii) to evaluate the associations of smoking and body mass index (BMI) with rhinitis.MethodsFollowing our study conducted in 2006–2007 to determine the prevalence of asthma using the ECRHS questionnaire, our present analysis evaluates the prevalence of rhinitis and its association with smoking and BMI in Japanese adults 20–79 years of age (N = 22819). We classified the subjects (20–44 or 45–79 years) into four groups as having (i) neither rhinitis nor asthma; (ii) rhinitis without asthma; (iii) asthma without rhinitis; or (iv) rhinitis with asthma. We then evaluated associations with smoking and BMI in each group.ResultsThe overall age‐adjusted prevalence of rhinitis was 35.1% in men and 39.3% in women. A higher prevalence was observed in the younger population than in the older population. Active smoking and obesity were positively associated with asthma without rhinitis. In contrast, particularly in the 20‐ to 44‐year age‐group, active smoking and obesity were negatively associated with rhinitis without asthma.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that smoking and obesity may have different effects on the development of rhinitis and asthma.
Symptom profile and risk factors of anaphylaxis in Central Europe
Authors: Worm M. , Edenharter G. , Ruëff F. , Scherer K. , Pföhler C. , Mahler V. , Treudler R. , Lang R. , Nemat K. , Koehli A. , Niggemann B. , Hompes S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundAnaphylaxis is the most severe manifestation of an IgE‐dependent allergy. Standardized acquired clinical data from large cohorts of well‐defined cases are not available. The aim of this study was to analyse the symptom profile and risk factors of anaphylaxis in a large Central European cohort.MethodsWe acquired data from patients in Germany, Austria and Switzerland who experienced a severe allergic reaction defined by the onset of severe pulmonary and/or severe cardiovascular symptoms. The data were gained via an online questionnaire from 83 medical centres specialized in allergy. Data were collected from 2006 to 2010 and analysed by using a multinomial regression model.ResultsA total of 2012 paediatric and adult patients were included into the present analysis. The skin (84%) was the most frequently affected organ followed by the cardiovascular (72%) and the respiratory (68%) system. The regression model analysing the onset of cardiovascular versus respiratory symptoms revealed a strong impact of age (adjusted OR = 6.08; 95% CI, 3.35–11.01; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the elicitor food (adjusted OR = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.21–0.41, P < 0.001) and the presence of atopic diseases (adjusted OR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40–0.73, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the onset of respiratory symptoms.ConclusionData from individuals who experienced anaphylaxis can support the identification of risk factors. The present study indicates that age, the elicitor itself and the presence of atopic diseases have an impact on the symptom profile of anaphylaxis. Identifying further risk factors of anaphylaxis is of significant importance for clinical practice in the future.
Agreement between cardiac outputs by four‐dimensional echocardiography and thermodilution method is poor
Authors: BHAVSAR R. , JUHL‐OLSEN P. , SLOTH E. , JAKOBSEN C.‐J. 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the agreement of cardiac output (CO) measured by four‐dimensional echocardiography (4D echo) to simultaneously obtain CO from pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) using thermodilution technique.Materials and MethodsSixty‐three comparable readings from 27 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass were included. All echocardiographic measurements were obtained by one experienced echocardiographer. All echo images were analyzed independently and blinded from PAC‐obtained measurements. Analysis was primarily done by Bland and Altman plot. The collected data were further controlled for interobserver bias and image quality.ResultsDifferences in CO measurements increased with higher CO, hence values were logarithmically transformed. On the logaritmic scale, the 4D echo underestimated CO by 0.37 l/min compared with PAC, indicating that PAC measurements were 1.45 times higher than the 4D echo (95% confidence interval 1.32–1.52) and limits of agreement 0.97–2.14). The interobserver bias of 4D echo measurement analysis was 0.29 l/min (95% confidence interval 0.16–0.42) and limits of agreement −0.8–1.38). No difference was seen in image quality between comparisons with good agreement compared with comparisons with poor agreement.ConclusionThe agreement between COs by 4D echo and standard PAC thermodilution technique was poor. 4D echo underestimates CO as compared with PAC. This is most likely caused by the analysis software or low frame rate inherent to the technique.
Effects of 17β‐estradiol on the release of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 and MAPK activity in monocytes stimulated with peritoneal fluid from endometriosis patients
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hyung , Kim Seung‐Chul , Joo Jong‐Kil , Kim Hwi‐Gon , Na Young‐Jin , Kwak Jong‐Young , Lee Kyu‐Sup 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  Hormones and inflammation have been implicated in the pathological process of endometriosis; therefore, we investigated the combined effects of 17β‐estradiol (E2) and peritoneal fluid obtained from patients with endometriosis (ePF) or a control peritoneal fluid (cPF) obtained from patients without endometriosis on the release of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) by monocytes and the role of signaling pathways.Methods:  Monocytes were cultured with ePF and cPF in the presence of E2; the MCP‐1 levels in the supernatants were then measured by ELISA. In addition, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was measured by Western blotting of phosphorylated proteins.Results:  E2 down‐regulated MCP‐1 release by lipopolysaccharide‐ or cPF‐treated monocytes, but failed to suppress its release by ePF‐treated monocytes. The release of MCP‐1 by ePF‐ and cPF‐treated monocytes was efficiently abrogated by p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors; however, the MCP‐1 release by cPF‐treated monocytes, but not by ePF‐treated monocytes, was blocked by a MAPK kinase inhibitor. In addition, ePF and cPF induced the phosphorylation of extracellular stress regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 MAPK and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK). E2 decreased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, but not ERK1/2 in ePF‐treated monocytes; however, E2 decreased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK in cPF‐treated monocytes.Conclusions:  The ability of E2 to modulate MCP‐1 production is impaired in ePF‐treated monocytes, which may be related to regulation of MAPK activity. These findings suggest that the failure of E2 to suppress ePF‐treated production of MCP‐1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Successful management of pregnancy‐associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura by monitoring ADAMTS13 activity
Authors: Yamashita Eriko , Okada Hidetaka , Yorioka Hirokazu , Fujita Shinya , Nishi Kenichiro , Komiyama Yutaka , Kanzaki Hideharu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) during pregnancy is very rare and is caused by an absent or severely depleted ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin‐like and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13). A 37‐year‐old multigravida woman developed TTP with severe anemia and thrombocytopenia at 22 weeks' gestation. ADAMTS13 activity was markedly decreased to 3% and ADAMTS13 inhibitor was positive, leading to a definitive diagnosis of TTP. She was successfully treated by plasmapheresis six times, resulting in symptomatic relief. Close follow up with periodic ADAMTS13 measurement facilitated plasmapheresis at appropriate points at a minimum frequency during pregnancy. Because of intrauterine growth retardation from 28 weeks' gestation, an elective cesarean section was performed at 30 weeks' gestation. After delivery, the mother and child showed no appreciable problem. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful management for pregnancy‐associated TTP by monitoring ADAMTS13 activity during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Repeat endorectal advancement flap after flap breakdown and recurrence of fistula‐in‐ano – is it an option?
Authors: Stremitzer S. , Riss S. , Swoboda P. , Dauser B. , Dubsky P. , Bîrsan T. , Herbst F. , Stift A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim  Endorectal advancement flaps are an established treatment for high transsphincteric and suprasphincteric fistulae. The outcome of a repeat procedure in the case of flap breakdown and fistula recurrence remains unclear. The aim of the study was to analyse the outcome of repeat endorectal advancement flaps.Methods  We retrospectively analysed patients with a repeat endorectal advancement flap procedure after flap breakdown and recurrence of fistula‐in‐ano of cryptoglandular origin who had been treated in our unit between 1994 and 2010.Results  In all, 97 patients underwent an endorectal advancement flap procedure for fistula‐in‐ano and, of these, nine patients (five men, four women, 9.3%) subsequently underwent a repeat procedure due to flap breakdown. Median age was 40 years (range 25–60). Median follow‐up time was 85 months (range 26–136). Seven full‐thickness and two mucosal flap repeat procedures were performed because of eight transsphincteric and one suprasphincteric fistulae. The repeat procedure was successful in seven (78%) patients. In one of the two patients with repeat flap failure, a third flap procedure failed again. Disturbances of postoperative faecal incontinence were observed in five (55%) patients. Overall, the median postoperative Vaizey faecal incontinence score was 1 (range 0–4).Conclusion  Repeat endorectal advancement flap procedures are feasible and associated with a low recurrence rate and mild postoperative faecal incontinence. Therefore, a repeat procedure is a viable option in the case of a flap breakdown and fistula recurrence.
Retrorectal tumours: optimization of surgical approach and outcome
Authors: Macafee D. A. L. , Sagar P. M. , El‐Khoury T. , Hyland R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim  The aim was to identify the radiological features of retrorectal tumours that influence management and to highlight technical points that facilitate safe surgical excision.Method  A consecutive series of patients was identified from a prospective database. All cases were discussed within a multidisciplinary team. Medical records, radiology and pathology reports were also checked retrospectively.Results  Fifty‐six patients [37 women; median age 51 (20–88) years] underwent excision of retrorectal tumours between 2002 and 2010 under the care of one surgeon. Seventeen (37.5%) had a malignant tumour. The commonest symptom was pain or discomfort. Features identified after MRI that suggested malignancy included heterogenous signal intensity (15/17 malignant lesions vs 5/39 benign lesions), an irregular infiltrative margin (14/17 malignant lesions vs 4/39 benign lesions) and enhancement (14/17 malignant lesions vs 2/39 benign lesions) (all P < 0.05). An abdominal approach was used in 27 (48%) patients, a perineal/trans‐sacral approach in 20 (36%) and a composite abdomino‐sacral approach in nine (16%). The perineal approach was used if the tumours were below the middle of S3 without sacral, pelvic side‐wall or visceral involvement. The three most common types of tumour were schwannoma (n = 11), tail gut cyst (n = 13) and chordoma (n = 9). Over a median follow‐up period of 46 (6–90) months there were two local recurrences among the malignant tumours (both resected) and two deaths (both sarcomas).Conclusion  MR imaging, avoidance of routine preoperative biopsy and careful clinical evaluation result in a good outcome after surgical excision of retrorectal tumours.