bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isogeometric contact analysis using mortar method
Authors: Kim Ji‐Yeon , Youn Sung‐Kie 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYIn the present work, an isogeometric contact analysis scheme using mortar method is proposed. Because the isogeometric analysis is employed for contact analysis, the geometric exactness of the contact region is maintained without any loss of geometric data because of geometry approximation. Thus, the proposed method can overcome underlying shortcomings that result from the geometric approximation of contact surfaces in the conventional finite element (FE)‐based contact analysis. For an isogeometric contact analysis, the schemes for treating the contact conditions and detecting the real contact surfaces are essentially required. In the proposed method, the mortar method is adopted as a nonconforming contact treatment scheme because it is expected to be in good harmony with the useful characteristics of nonuniform rational B‐spline A new matching algorithm is proposed to combine the mortar method with the isogeometric analysis to guarantee consistent contact surface information with the nonuniform rational B‐spline curve. The present scheme is verified by patch test and the well‐known problems which have theoretical solutions such as interference fit and the Hertzian contact problem. It is shown that the problems with curved contact surfaces which are difficult to treat by conventional approaches can be easily dealt with. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reduced order model for liquid sloshing in tanks with flexible baffles using boundary element method
Authors: Noorian M. A. , Firouz‐Abadi R D. , Haddadpour H. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYIn order to study the interaction of sloshing and structural vibrations of baffled tanks, a reduced order model based on modal analysis of structure model and boundary element method for fluids motion is developed. For this purpose, the governing equations of elastic structure and incompressible flow are used to derive simple models to simulate both fields. Using the modal analysis technique, the structural motions are applied to the fluid model and on the other hand by using boundary element method, the fluid loads are applied to the structural model. Based on this formulation, a code is developed which is applicable to an arbitrary elastic tank with arbitrary arrangement of baffles. The obtained results are validated with literature data and then the effects of baffle flexibility on the sloshing frequencies and structural vibration frequencies are investigated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling steel fiber reinforced concrete: numerical immersed boundary approach and a phenomenological mesomodel for concrete‐fiber interaction
Authors: Pros A. , Diez P. , Molins C. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYSteel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) allows overcoming brittleness and weakness under tension, the main drawbacks of plain concrete. The influence of the fibers on the behavior of SFRC depends on their shape, length, slenderness, and also on their orientation and distribution into the plain concrete. The goal of this paper is to develop an ad hoc numerical strategy to account for the contribution of the fibers in the simulation of the mechanical response of SFRC. In the model presented, the individual fibers immersed in the concrete bulk are accounted for in their actual location and orientation. The selected approach is based on the ideas introduced in the immersed boundary (IB) methods. These methods were developed to account for 1D (or 2D) solids immersed in 2D (or 3D) fluids. Here, the concrete bulk is playing the role of the fluid and the cloud of steel fibers is acting as the immerse boundary (that is, a 1D structure in a 2D or 3D continuous). Thus, the philosophy of the IB methodology is used to couple the behavior of the two systems, the concrete bulk and fiber cloud, precluding the need of matching finite element meshes. Note that, considering the different size scales and the intricate geometry of the fiber cloud, the conformal matching of the meshes would be a restriction resulting in a practically unaffordable mesh.In the proposed approach, the meshes of the concrete bulk and fiber cloud are independent, and the models are coupled imposing displacement compatibility and equilibrium of the two systems. In the applications presented here, the concrete bulk is modeled using a standard nonlinear damage model. The constitutive model for the fibers is designed to account for the complex interaction between fibers and concrete. The fiber models are based on the previous investigations describing the concrete‐fiber interaction and its dependence on the factors identified to be relevant: shape of the fiber (straight or hooked) and angle between the fiber and crack plane. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physionomics and metabolomics—two key approaches in herbicidal mode of action discovery
Authors: Grossmann Klaus , Christiansen Nicole , Looser Ralf , Tresch Stefan , Hutzler Johannes , Pollmann Stephan , Ehrhardt Thomas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: For novel herbicides identified in greenhouse screens, efficient research is important to discover and chemically optimise new leads with new modes of action (MoAs).RESULTS: The metabolic and physiological response pattern to a herbicide can be viewed as the result of changes elicited in the molecular and biochemical process chain. These response patterns are diagnostic of a herbicide's MoA. At the starting point of MoA characterisation, an array of bioassays is used for comprehensive physiological profiling of herbicide effects. This physionomics approach enables discrimination between known, novel or multiple MoAs of a compound and provides a first clue to a new MoA. Metabolic profiling is performed with the use of treated Lemna paucicostata plants. After plant extraction and chromatography and mass spectrometry, changes in levels of approximately 200 identified and 300 unknown analytes are quantified. Check for known MoA assignment is performed by multivariate statistical data analyses. Distinct metabolite changes, which can direct to an affected enzymatic step, are visualised in a biochemical pathway view. Subsequent target identification includes metabolite feeding and molecular, biochemical and microscopic methods.CONCLUSION: The value of this cascade strategy is exemplified by new herbicides with MoAs in plastoquinone, auxin or very‐long‐chain fatty acid synthesis. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Asymptotic regulation for distributed parameter systems via zero dynamics inverse design
Authors: Byrnes C.I. , Gilliam D.S. , Hu C. , Shubov V.I. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we introduce a new approach, zero dynamics inverse (ZDI) design, for designing a feedback compensation scheme achieving asymptotic regulation for a linear or nonlinear distributed parameter system in the case when the value w(t) at time t of the signal w to be tracked or rejected is a measured variable. Following the nonequilibrium formulation of output regulation, we formulate the problem of asymptotic regulation by requiring zero steady‐state error together with ultimate boundedness of the state of the system and the controller(s), with a bound determined by bounds on the norms of the initial data and w. Because a controller solving this problem depends only on a bound on the norm of w not on the particular choice of w, this formulation is in sharp contrast to both exact tracking, asymptotic tracking or dynamic inversion of a completely known trajectory and to output regulation with a known exosystem. The ZDI design consists of the interconnection, via a memoryless filter, of a stabilizing feedback compensator and a cascade controller, designed in a simple, universal way from the zero dynamics of the closed‐loop feedback system. This design philosophy is illustrated with a problem of asymptotic regulation for a boundary controlled viscous Burgers' equation, for which we prove that the ZDI is input‐to‐state stable. In infinite dimensions, however, input‐to‐state stable compactness arguments are supplanted by smoothing arguments to accommodate crucial technical details, including the global existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solutions to the interconnected systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weak quasi‐randomness for uniform hypergraphs
Authors: Conlon David , Hàn Hiêp , Person Yury , Schacht Mathias 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe study quasi‐random properties of k‐uniform hypergraphs. Our central notion is uniform edge distribution with respect to large vertex sets. We will find several equivalent characterisations of this property and our work can be viewed as an extension of the well known Chung‐Graham‐Wilson theorem for quasi‐random graphs.Moreover, let Kk be the complete graph on k vertices and M(k) the line graph of the graph of the k‐dimensional hypercube. We will show that the pair of graphs (Kk,M(k)) has the property that if the number of copies of both Kk and M(k) in another graph G are as expected in the random graph of density d, then G is quasi‐random (in the sense of the Chung‐Graham‐Wilson theorem) with density close to d. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011
Probing Diffusion of Single Nanoparticles at Water–Oil Interfaces
Authors: Wang Dapeng , Yordanov Stoyan , Paroor Harsha Mohan , Mukhopadhyay Ashis , Li Christopher Y. , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Koynov Kaloian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe diffusion of nanoparticles at a water–alkane interface is studied using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic quantum dots of 5, 8, and 11 nm radius are used. A slow‐down of nanoparticle diffusion at the liquid–liquid interface is observed. The effect is most evident when the viscosities of both liquid phases are similar, here, at the water–decane interface. In this case, the interfacial diffusion coefficients of the hydrophilic particles are 1.5 times and those of the hydrophobic particles 2 times lower than the corresponding bulk values.
Left hepatectomy or left trisectionectomy with resection of the caudate lobe and extrahepatic bile duct for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (with video)
Authors: Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurposeAlthough left‐sided hepatectomy, such as a left hepatectomy or left trisectionectomy with resection of the caudate lobe and extrahepatic bile duct, is used to treat hilar cholangiocarcinoma predominantly involving the left side of the hepatic hilum, it is associated with several difficult technical points. The important points during left‐sided hepatectomy are described here.TechniquesThere are anatomical variations of the sectional artery and bile duct. It is essential to understand the individual intrahepatic and hilar anatomy preoperatively. Surgical procedures consist of lymph node clearance, dissection of the distal bile duct, skeletonization resection of the hepatoduodenal ligament, mobilization of the liver and liver resection, dissection of the intrahepatic bile ducts, and biliary reconstruction. During lymph node dissection and skeletonization resection of the hepatoduodenal ligament, the nerve plexus around the hepatic artery is dissected, and its adventitia is exposed with great care to avoid injuring the hepatic artery. Mobilization of the caudate lobe is performed only from the left side. There is no clear landmark between the caudate lobe and the right posterior section during liver resection. In the final step of liver resection, it progresses toward the right edge of the inferior vena cava. When dividing intrahepatic bile ducts, extreme care should be used to avoid injury to the corresponding hepatic arteries, especially the anomalous supraportal posterior sectional artery.ConclusionsLeft‐sided hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma should be considered a more complicated and technically demanding procedure than right‐sided hepatectomy. Surgeons need to pay close attention to anatomical variations in order to perform a left‐sided hepatectomy safely and successfully.
Optical mapping and sequencing of the Escherichia coli KO11 genome reveal extensive chromosomal rearrangements, and multiple tandem copies of the Zymomonas mobilis pdc and adhB genes
Authors: Turner Peter C , Yomano Lorraine P , Jarboe Laura R , York Sean W , Baggett Christy L , Moritz Brélan E , Zentz Emily B , Shanmugam K T , Ingram Lonnie O 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Escherichia coli KO11 (ATCC 55124) was engineered in 1990 to produce ethanol by chromosomal insertion of the Zymomonas mobilis pdc and adhB genes into E. coli W (ATCC 9637). KO11FL, our current laboratory version of KO11, and its parent E. coli W were sequenced, and contigs assembled into genomic sequences using optical NcoI restriction maps as templates. E. coli W contained plasmids pRK1 (102.5 kb) and pRK2 (5.4 kb), but KO11FL only contained pRK2. KO11FL optical maps made with AflII and with BamHI showed a tandem repeat region, consisting of at least 20 copies of a 10-kb unit. The repeat region was located at the insertion site for the pdc, adhB, and chloramphenicol-resistance genes. Sequence coverage of these genes was about 25-fold higher than average, consistent with amplification of the foreign genes that were inserted as circularized DNA. Selection for higher levels of chloramphenicol resistance originally produced strains with higher pdc and adhB expression, and hence improved fermentation performance, by increasing the gene copy number. Sequence data for an earlier version of KO11, ATCC 55124, indicated that multiple copies of pdc adhB were present. Comparison of the W and KO11FL genomes showed large inversions and deletions in KO11FL, mostly enabled by IS10, which is absent from W but present at 30 sites in KO11FL. The early KO11 strain ATCC 55124 had no rearrangements, contained only one IS10, and lacked most accumulated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in KO11FL. Despite rearrangements and SNPs in KO11FL, fermentation performance was equal to that of ATCC 55124.
Effect of modified glucose catabolism on xanthan production in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Jang Se-Gul , Lee Byoung-Moo , Cho Jae-Yong 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this study, the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (XOO2314) was inactivated in order to modulate the intracellular glucose 6-phosphate, and its effects on xanthan production in a wild-type strain of Xanthomonas oryzae were evaluated. The intracellular glucose 6-phosphate was increased from 17.6 to 99.4 μmol g−1 (dry cell weight) in the gene-disrupted mutant strain. The concomitant increase in the glucose 6-phosphate was accompanied by an increase in xanthan production of up to 2.23 g l−1 (culture medium). However, in defined medium supplemented with 0.4% glucose, the growth rate of the mutant strain was reduced to 52.9% of the wild-type level. Subsequently, when a family B ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase from Escherichia coli was overexpressed in the mutant strain, the growth rate was increased to 142.9%, whereas the yields of xanthan per mole of glucose remained approximately the same.
Calcium Chelating Sugar‐Based Surfactants for Hard‐Water Detergency
Authors: Ferlin Nadège , Grassi Diego , Ojeda Carlos , Castro Mariano J. L. , Fernández‐Cirelli Alicia , Kovensky José , Grand Eric 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHard water can decrease the detergency efficiency of surfactants due to a significant concentration of divalent cations as Ca2+ or Mg2+. The formulation of a cleaning detergent must be modified and it is usual to add more surfactants or a huge quantity of sequestrating agents. This supplementary addition can have deleterious effects on the environment and increases the price of the formulation. A surfactant, presenting both detergency capacities in the presence of Ca2+ and Ca2+ chelating properties, would be of great interest. In this paper, we report on Ca2+ extraction with sugar‐based chelating surfactants using an experimental device, namely a flotation column, as both chelating properties and foaming properties in the presence of Ca2+ are important in the flotation process as well as in detergency. Among all the sugar‐based surfactants tested, a few of them were able to extract calcium and thus demonstrated the expected characteristics.
Rente mit 67 - Notwendige Rahmenbedingungen
Authors: Haaf Hans-Günter , Sewöster Daniela 
Published: November 2011

Einleitung
Rehabilitationsleistungen tragen zum Erhalt der Erwerbsfähigkeit und damit zu einer längeren Lebensarbeitszeit von Beschäftigten bei. Der demografische Wandel und die Einführung der Rente mit 67 werden zu einem wachsenden Reha-Bedarf führen und auch die Anforderungen an die Rehabilitation verändern. Die Deutsche Rentenversicherung richtet ihre Reha-Leistungen zurzeit stärker auf berufliche Erfordernisse aus. Aufbauend auf den vorhandenen Reha-Strukturen strebt die Rentenversicherung zudem die Entwicklung betriebsnaher präventiver Angebote an.
The chronostratigraphic space of the lithosphere and the Vendian as a geohistorical subdivision of the Neoproterozoic
Authors: Sokolov B.S. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Chronostratigraphic space is defined as information about the geologic history and paleobiosphere that elucidates the Earth’s evolution as the interaction of different layers of the geosphere. Stratigraphic subdivisions act as information-carrying medium. Elementary units in the Phanerozoic chronostratigraphic space are biostratigraphic zones, whereas in the Proterozoic space, sequenthemes. The Vendian sequentheme has a unique paleontological characteristic, which continuously expands and is refined. Its lower boundary determines the top of cryogenic suberatheme and is marked by deposition of the last diamictite (Varangerian, Marinoan) and the largest postglacial transgression. In the chronostratigraphic space, the Vendian is surely Neoproterozoic, but constitutes a single acrochrone of the biosphere evolution with the Phanerozoic. The Vendian stage divides and connects two different-sized intervals in the evolution of Geomerida: a long interval of time (from the origin of life to the beginning of the Vendian) marked by a predominance of prokaryotic ecosystems and a relatively short interval with the incredible biodiversity of modern-type ecosystems dominated by eukaryotes.
The physicochemical conditions of hydrothermal ore-forming systems of “black smokers” associated with mantle ultrabasites in the Central Atlantic region
Authors: Bortnikov N.S. , Simonov V.A. , Amplieva E.E. , Stavrova O.O. , Fouquet Y. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Study of fluid inclusions in minerals from sulfide ores sampled in the Ashadze and Logatchev hydrothermal fields during the Serpentine cruise of the R/V Pourquoi Pas? in 2007 gave an insight into the physicochemical conditions of ore-forming systems of “black smokers” associated with mantle ultrabasites in the Central Atlantic region. It was established that the studied hydrothermal systems differ in mineral formation temperatures, fluid salinity, and hydrothermal processes running within basaltic complexes in both low-spreading (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and high-spreading (East Pacific Rise) mid-ocean ridges. It was shown for the Ashadze and Logatchev hydrothermal fields that the temperatures and salinity of inclusion solutions in the minerals vary over a wider range of values than those of fluids flowing out from the ridge vents onto the ocean floor. Study of fluid inclusions showed that the Ashadze and Logatchev sulfide structures resulted from the action of both high-temperature (up to 355 °C) and low-temperature (no lower than 170 °C) solutions. The salinity of fluid in the inclusions (mainly 8 wt.%) is more than twice as high as the salinity of seawater. The data obtained substantiate the phase separation of fluid in the deepest-water submarine hydrothermal Ashadze system and give an idea of the chemical composition and temperature of fluids forming sulfide deposits in the Ashadze and Logatchev hydrothermal fields in the Central Atlantic region.
Migration of immiscible hydrocarbons recorded in calcite-hosted fluid inclusions, Ordos Basin: a case study from Northern China
Authors: Rongxi Li , Guzmics T. , Xiaojie Liu , Guangcheng Xie 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this study one- (hydrocarbon liquid), two- (hydrocarbon liquid and vapor) and three- (hydrocarbon liquid and vapor, and aqueous liquid) phase fluid inclusions have been investigated in calcites occurring in veinlets in fine grained sandstones of Chang 7 source rock and Chang 8 reservoir rock. These rocks are parts of the Upper Triassic Yangchang Formation in Ordos Basin, Northern China. The hydrocarbon inclusions studied show high variance in vapor-liquid volume ratio at ambient temperature, suggesting a heterogeneous entrapment of vapor and liquid phases those existed before or during formation of the calcite. This is supported by homogenizations happened into both liquid and vapor phase. Homogenization temperatures are ranging between 70 and 120 °C. We consider that this wide range are rather resulted in heterogeneous entrapment of immiscible liquid and vapor phases than high temperature (e.g., 120 °C) formation of the hydrocarbon inclusions. Therefore, the lower range of homogenization temperatures (around 80 °C) seem to be probable for formation of the hydrocarbon inclusions studied. Fluorescent microscopic results on the hydrocarbon inclusions show bright yellow color for the oil. Fluorescence spectra indexes indicate that oil in the inclusions is quite mature, similarly to the oil extract from Chang 7 source rock. The differences in fluorescent spectra among the hydrocarbon inclusions suggest their chemical modification during evolution, which might be determined by continuous separation of vapor phase (gas condensate) from the system. On the basis of organic geochemistry of the studied samples (e.g., akin distribution of normal-alkanes and similar isoprenoid ratios), it can be concluded that the oil in the inclusions and the crude oil from the reservoir rock Chang 8 are actually derived from the Chang 7 source rock. During tectonic evolution, the hydrocarbon might suffer phase separation (boiling) forming two phases (a liquid and a vapor phase) due to intensive uplifting of Ordos Basin after the Late Cretaceous. The boiling in the accumulated hydrocarbon could result in overpressure in the source rock. This phenomenon might favor formation of fractures and migration of hydrocarbons from their source toward into sandstone reservoirs. Our study demonstrates the significance of detailed analytical investigation of hydrocarbon inclusions in correlation with their potential source rock.
Toward an evolutionary basis for resilience to drug addiction
Authors: Ahmed Serge H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAccording to Müller & Schumann (M&S), people would have evolved adaptations for learning to use psychoactive plants and drugs as instruments that reveal particularly advantageous in modern urban environments. Here I “instrumentalize” this framework to propose an evolutionary basis for the existence of a biological resilience to drug addiction in people.
But is it evolution…?
Authors: Sullivan Roger J. , Hagen Edward H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe applaud Müller & Schumann (M&S) for bringing needed attention to the problem of motivation for common non-addictive drug use, as opposed to the usual focus on exotic drugs and addiction. Unfortunately, their target article has many underdeveloped and sometimes contradictory ideas. Here, we will focus on three key issues.