bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing a nomogram model for close-range radiotherapy using radioactive 125I particles to treat radiation-induced pneumonia in advanced lung cancer
Authors: Ding Tingting , Hao Shanhu , Wang Zhiguo , Zhang Wenwen , Zhang Guoxu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The most common and potentially fatal side effect of postoperative close-range radiotherapy using radioactive 125I particles in the chest is radiation-induced pneumonia (RP). This study aims to develop a dynamic nomogram to accurately predict radiation-induced pneumonia in lung cancer patients following close-range radiotherapy with radioactive 125I particles.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 436 advanced lung cancer patients who underwent close-range radiotherapy using radioactive 125I particles at the Northern Theater General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from January 2016 to December 2023. Risk factors for radiation-induced pneumonia were identified through LASSO logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis, which were then used to construct a dynamic nomogram. The predictive performance of the nomogram was validated using ROC curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Lastly, the grading of radiation-induced pneumonia and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed.
Results: Preoperative N and M staging, maximum dose, and whether chemotherapy was administered were identified as important factors for accurately predicting radiation-induced pneumonia. A dynamic nomogram for radiation-induced pneumonia was developed using these risk factors. The area under the ROC curve was 0.878 (95% CI 0.814-0.942) for the training cohort and 0.828 (95% CI 0.787-0.870) for the validation cohort. The nomogram demonstrated good calibration. The maximum dose parameter in both the training and validation cohorts achieved the most ideal clinical benefits, showing promising clinical utility. Patients staged as T1 and T3 preoperatively were more likely to develop radiation-induced pneumonia compared to those staged as T2 (P<0.001). Patients staged as M1 preoperatively, those receiving a maximum dose above the mean, and those who had received chemotherapy had a higher probability of developing radiation-induced pneumonia (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The developed dynamic nomogram provides a precise and convenient tool for clinical application to predict the risk of radiation-induced pneumonia in lung cancer patients undergoing close-range radiotherapy with radioactive 125I particles.
Household transport ownership and HIV viral suppression in rural Uganda: a cross- sectional, population-based study
Authors: Ssuuna Joseph , Yeh Ping Teresa , Kigozi Godfrey , Nalugoda Fred , Nakigozi Gertrude , Kagaayi Joseph , Galiwango Ronald M. , Rosen Joseph G. , Reynolds Steven J. , Quinn Thomas C. , Wawer Maria J. , Gray Ronald H. , Grabowski M. Kate , Chang Larry W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Empirical data on transportation access and HIV treatment outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa are rare. We assessed the association between household transport ownership and HIV viral suppression in rural Uganda.
Methods
The study was conducted among people living with HIV aged 15–49 years using cross-sectional data from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS), collected from June 14, 2018, to November 6, 2020. Transport ownership was defined as household possession of a car, motorcycle, or bicycle. HIV viral suppression was defined as < 1000 HIV RNA copies/ml. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation identified unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of HIV viral suppression by transport ownership.
Results
The study included 3,060 persons aged 15–49 living with HIV. Overall HIV viral suppression was 86.5% and was higher among women compared to men (89.3% versus 81.6%; adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.18). A total of 874 participants (28.6%) resided in households that owned at least one means of transport. HIV viral suppression was 79.8% among men and 88.2% among women from households without any means of transport, compared to 85.4% among men and 92.4% among women from households with at least one means of transport. Adjusted prevalence ratios of HIV viral suppression were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.18) for males and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.10) for females from households owning at least one means of transport compared with those from households with none.
Conclusion
There was increased HIV viral suppression among people living with HIV from households with transport means compared to those from households without transport means, suggesting transport may facilitate access to, and continued engagement with, HIV treatment services.
Genetic diversity among acerola accessions collected in different states of Brazil using ISSR markers
Authors: Nascimento Tiago Lima do , Souza Simone Sales , Souza Flávio de França , de Melo Natoniel Franklin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Currently, commercial acerola orchards have been formed using only one or two genotypes, making these crops highly vulnerable to the occurrence of biotic/abiotic stresses. The characterization of available germplasm using molecular primers can identify alleles of interest, useful in the development of new cultivars. Given the above, the aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of a representative sample of acerola germplasm cultivated in Brazil using ISSR primers. Genomic DNA from 96 accessions conserved in Petrolina-PE was extracted and amplified using 15 ISSR primers. The amplifications were annotated for the presence and absence of bands, making it possible to estimate allelic similarity using the Jaccard index and obtaining a dendrogram (UPGMA method). Analysis of molecular variance was used to quantify genetic variability between and within groups. Genes, GenAlex and Cervus software were used. The accessions were grouped into 24 clusters, with ACO01 and MAR12 being the most divergent and Costa Rica and Flor Branca the most similar. The cluster analysis showed that there was greater variation between individuals collected in the same region, a result confirmed by AMOVA and the Shannon-Wiener Index. The ISSR primers were effective in terms of capturing the distribution of the genetic variation present in the studied accessions. Moreover, considering that they are a representative sample of the acerola germplasm in the country, it is understood that this information provides subsidies for decision-making in the management of genetic resources and in the conduction of acerola breeding programs.
Integrative Transcriptomic Profiling and WGCNA Reveals Key Genetic Determinants of Strabismus
Authors: Li Fang , Long Denghong , Guo Huiyu , Luo Furong , Deng Siyuan , Yin Li , He Hong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to explore critical biological processes and key genes in intermittent and constant exotropia to elucidate underlying mechanisms and highlight potential therapeutic targets. By analyzing medial rectus muscle samples from non-strabismic donors and patients with constant and intermittent exotropia through RNA sequencing, we employed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene modules associated with exotropia. Subsequent enrichment analysis and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks pinpointed significant genes and biological processes, particularly those involved in muscle contraction, visual signal processing, and glucose uptake, including rhodopsin, MYH1, MYH6, and GLUT4. These findings suggest that the dysregulation of these genes and processes may contribute significantly to the manifestation and progression of strabismus, indicating a complex etiology that involves both neurogenic and myogenic factors. This study provides insights into the molecular landscape of strabismus, underscoring the importance of these genetic and biological alterations in its pathogenesis and highlighting the need for targeted research to develop effective therapeutic interventions and improve management strategies.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Utilization and Inpatient Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Dementia: Socioeconomic Status Analysis of National Matched Cohorts
Authors: Suenghataiphorn Thanathip , Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Thongpiya Jerapas , Polpichai Natchaya , Kulthamrongsri Narathorn , Chaisidhivej Natapat 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is safe and beneficial in elderly patients. However, the association of dementia, which is a growing cause of mortality in the elderly, remains unexplored. We aim to understand the impact of dementia when EGD is utilized, in the elderly population group.
METHODS
We utilized the 2020 National Inpatient Sample to investigate records admitted with EGD utilization identified through ICD-10 CM codes. We divided records by the presence of dementia. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for predefined outcomes were determined using multivariable logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for comorbidities. The primary outcome assessed was inpatient mortality, while secondary outcomes included cost and length of stay, as well as other inpatient complications.
RESULTS
We identified 507,829 hospitalizations with ages more than 60. The mean age was 74.5 and males constituted 49.9%. In a survey multivariable logistic and linear regression model adjusting for patient and hospital factors, the presence of dementia is associated with lower inpatient mortality (aOR 0.79, 95%CI (0.68, 0.91), p = 0.002), lower hospitalization costs (beta coefficient -1,958, 95%CI (-2,653, -1,353), p <0.001), lower mechanical ventilation usage (aOR 0.87, 95%CI(0.78, 0.97), p < 0.001) but higher odds of mental status change (aOR 2.24, 95%CI (2.09, 2.40), p < 0.001) and longer length of stay (beta coefficient 0.52, 95%CI (0.30, 0.74), p <0.001),. Post-propensity matching revealed similar patterns.
CONCLUSION
The presence of dementia is associated with a lower risk of inpatient mortality, and other clinical outcomes, in hospitalization with EGD utilizations. Etiologies behind this relationship should be explored to understand this inverse relationship.
Nutritional assessment using subjective global assessment identifies energy malnutrition and predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Miwa Takao , Hanai Tatsunori , Nishimura Kayoko , Hirata Sachiyo , Unome Shinji , Nakahata Yuki , Imai Kenji , Suetsugu Atsushi , Takai Koji , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate whether the subjective global assessment (SGA) could effectively predict energy malnutrition , as assessed by indirect calorimetry, and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Energy malnutrition was defined by a nonprotein respiratory quotient (npRQ) <0.85 using an indirect calorimetry. The usefulness of the SGA in identifying energy malnutrition and predicting mortality was assessed by the logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. Out of the 230 patients analyzed, 43% were found to have energy malnutrition. The distribution of SGA classifications was 54% for SGA-A, 32% for SGA-B, and 14% for SGA-C. Multivariate analysis indicated that both SGA-B (odds ratio, 3.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64–8.52) and SGA-C (odds ratio, 22.00; 95% CI, 3.85–125.83), along with fatty free acids (FFA), were independently linked to energy malnutrition. Regarding mortality, 125 patients (54%) died over a median follow-up period of 2.8 years. After adjustment, SGA-B (hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.13–3.16) and SGA-C (hazard ratio, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.21–8.41) were predictors of mortality in cirrhosis patients, while energy malnutrition and FFA were not. The SGA is a valuable tool for identifying energy malnutrition and predicting mortality in patients with cirrhosis.
Increasing Survivors of Anthracycline-related Cardiomyopathy with Breast Cancer in Trastuzumab Era: Thirty-one-Year Trends in a Japanese Community
Authors: Watanabe Mitsuhiro , Fujiki Shinya , Okura Yuji , Toshikawa Chie , Ikarash Mayuko , Kanbayashi Chizuko , Koji Kaneko , Kikuchi Akira , Sakata Eiko , Tsuchida Keiichi , Ozaki Kazuyuki , Moro Kazuki , Kubota Naoki , Kashimura Takeshi , Moriyama Masato , Sato Nobuaki , Tanabe Naohito , Koyama Yu , Wakai Toshifumi , Saijo Yasuo , Inomata Takayuki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Trastuzumab has improved breast cancer (BC) prognosis and reduced anthracycline use. However, the characteristic changes of anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy (ARCM) in patients with BC remain unclear. We sought to update our knowledge of ARCM in the trastuzumab era.
METHODS
This was a retrospective observational cohort study. A total of 2,959 patients with BC treated with anthracyclines in three regional cancer centers in Niigata City between 1990 and 2020 were included. Seventy-five patients (2.5%) developed ARCM and were categorized into two groups: pre- 2007 (early phase) and post- 2007 (late phase), corresponding to before and during the trastuzumab era in Japan.
RESULTS
The incidence of ARCM peaked at 6% in the 1990s, decreased, and remained at 2% until the 2010s. Mean anthracycline use in the early and late phases was 525 mg/m2 and 307 mg/m2 (P<0.001), and the 5-year survival rates were 28% and 45% (P=0.058), respectively. Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) positivity with trastuzumab therapy in late phase was an independent predictor for mortality within 10 years (hazard ratio =0.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.10–0.56; P=0.001). At the end of the late phase, there were four times as many patients with ARCM as at the end of the early phase (twenty-six and six, respectively). Survivors of BC increased more rapidly in the late phase, though the rate of accumulation change was slight in the anthracycline-treated BC group and more pronounced in the ARCM group (P <0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
With increasing survivor with ARCM in the trastuzumab era, subtypes of HER2 positivity have gained significant importance in treating patients with ARCM in BC.
Comparison of choroidal thickness and lens thickness among subtypes of angle closure disease
Authors: Yeluguri Sailakshmi Suvarna , Thulasidas Mithun , Sasidharan Ajita , V Rajesh Prabu , M Prabhu Shanker 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal thickness and lens thickness among various subtypes of angle closure disease and compare it with healthy controls
Methods: This observational comparative study was conducted between June 2022 and February 2023 at our eye hospital, including eyes with subtypes of angle closure disease and healthy controls. Lens thickness was measured using an automated optical biometer, and choroidal thickness was measured using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in the subtypes of angle closure disease and healthy control subjects.
Results: One hundred and twenty-four eyes were enrolled, including 93 angle closure disease eyes and 31 healthy eyes. The mean choroidal thickness was significantly higher in angle closure subtypes than healthy controls (247.19 ± 40.97 µm, 318.81 ± 24.81 µm, 383.81 ± 53.06 µm, 173.65 ± 28.19 µm in primary angle closure suspect, primary angle closure, primary angle closure glaucoma, and healthy controls, respectively (P < 0.001)). The mean lens thickness was higher in angle closure disease compared to the control group (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Increased choroidal thickness might be another anatomic characteristic of primary angle closure eyes along with increased lens thickness. This finding may support the hypothesis that choroidal enlargement plays a part in the development of primary angle closure disease.
Trial registration number: CTRI/2022/08/044903
a approach of query audience’s attention in virtual speech
Authors: kang Hongbo , Yang Rui , Song Ruoyang , Yang Chunjie , Wang Wenqing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Eye contact between speakers and audiences can help speakers get better effectiveness. virtual speeches are a very popular way for multi-user to communicate remotely, but it has the disadvantage of being unable to make eye contact. This paper proposes the online audience’s attention evaluation based on gaze tracking. Instead of using less-obtainable and expensive eye-tracking equipment, this article only uses webcams to capture audience's head pose, fixation time and other features. We also proposed a set of indexes, which can be used to evaluate the audience's degree of attention, making up for the defect that the speaker cannot obtain the audience's concentration through eye contact during online speeches. We selected 96 students and divided them into three groups for a 20-minute curriculum simulation, and used the Spearman correlation coefficient to analyse the correlation between our evaluation indicators and concentration, the result showed that each evaluation index has a significant correlation with the degree of attention (p=0.01), and all the students in the focused group met the thresholds set by each of our evaluation indicators, while the students in the non-focused group failed to reach the standard, the accuracy rate is 100%. In addition, we used EEG signals to verify the accuracy of the system evaluation.During the simulation, eye movement data and EEG signals were measured synchronously for the second group of students. The EEG results of the second group of students were consistent with the results of systematic evaluation.All the experimental work on the ordinary equipment such as a notebook computer which integrated a cpu of 2.30GHZ and a 130W pixel camera without any additional equipment. Our research provides a low-cost method for attention monitoring with reference value across multiple domains. In the field of webpage design, it can enhance page structure and improve user experience based on the distribution of user attention. In the realm of driving safety, real-time monitoring of driver attention can prevent fatigue driving. In the medical field, monitoring the attention of doctors and patients contributes to improving surgical safety. In education, attention monitoring of students allows for adjustments in teaching methods, ultimately enhancing the quality of education. In the industrial sector, monitoring worker attention can reduce operational errors and improve overall work efficiency.
The Role of Attention in Social Decision-Making: An Eye-Tracking Study in a Repeated Dictator Game
Authors: Deldoost Seyed Mostafa Hosseini , Oloumi Elahe , Ghahfarokhi Mohammad Rabiei , KhosrowAbadi Reza , Vahabie Abdol-Hossein 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

For more than a century, predicting human decisions has been a key topic of interest in psychology, economics, and, recently, neurosciences. Attention is a fundamental cognitive process that is essential for effective decision-making, but how does attention affect decision-making? The present eye-tracking study (N=42) explores the association between social decision-making and process data, including response time and pupil dilation in a repeated dictator game. By measuring participants' visual attention during the task, we can gain insights into how attentional processes relate to individuals' choice behavior and resource allocation. We found that participants tend to allocate more attention to their self-option than other options, regardless of the context. Additionally, they exhibited an even greater level of attention to the self-option for chosen items compared to unchosen items. Furthermore, we examined the Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems (BIS/BAS) as a predictor of process data. Our analysis revealed significant correlations between BIS/BAS scores, pupil size, and response time.Taken together, these results suggest that the information obtained from response time and eye movement measures can offer a more comprehensive perspective on individuals' decision-making processes and preferences.
Multiomic Landscape of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Profiles and Predictors of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Responsiveness and Resistance
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Jun , Yu Wen , Song Xin-Yun , Cai Xu-Wei , Wang Guang-Zhong , Fu Xiaolong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
In neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT), only 1/3 of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) achieve pathologic complete response (pCR). Here, we aimed to depict the biological landscape of ESCC with different responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and identify biomarkers to facilitate clinical decision-making.
Method
Tumor specimens before NCRT were obtained for whole exosome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and DIA mass spectrometry. Genomic data were analyzed for significantly mutated genes, copy number alterations, MSI, TMB, and mutational signatures. Transcriptomic and proteomic data were used to examine differentially activated pathways. GSEA and ActivePathways were used for single omics and joint multiomics analyses, respectively. Treatment-resistance biomarkers were identified and confirmed in a separate cohort using IHC.
Result
FBXW7 mutation (Fisher exact test p =0.029) and 9p21.3 cytoband loss(q-value=0.001) are the significant genetic variations in the pCR group. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that the type I interferon signaling pathways and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways were enriched in non-pCR tumors. A biomarker panel of 12 proteins predictive of non-pCR tumors was identified, 10 of which were verified using mIHC in an independent cohort.
Conclusion
We described the multiomic biological characteristics of ESCC with distinct responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and proposed a panel of proteins as predictive biomarkers for non-pCR patients.