bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHOSPHORUS AND BRACT EDGE BURN OF POINSETTIAS
Authors: Eddy Robert , Whipker Brian , Hammer P. Allen 
Published: April 2024

Increasing rates of triple superphosphate added to the root media have a positive correlation with bract edge burn on poinsettias (Whipker, Hammer,1992). We have studied the effects of application of increasing rates of phosphorus supplied from multiple sources. Analysis of P content and other elements were conducted on root media and foliar samples to determine source of toxicity.Euphorbia pulcherrrima Willd. cultivars Dark Red Hegg and Red Sails were potted on September 8, 1992 in a root medium of peat, perlite and soil (40:40:20, v/v) mixture amended with N, K, Ca and micronutrients. Prior to potting, the root media were also ammended with either .30, 2.37 or 4.75 kg P/m3 of superphosphate (0-18-0) or triple superphosphate (0-46-0). Two additional treatments of 75 mg P/liter and 150 mg P/liter supplied via 75% technical grade phosphoric acid in the irrigation system were also studied. Foliar samples were analyzed for N, P, K, Mg, Ca and flouride every two weeks after the start of short days. Root media samples were also collected and analyzed for pH, SS, NO3, NH4, P, K, Mg and Ca. Plant height, leaf dry weight and stem dry weight were measured on each sampling date as well as bract diameter and bract edge burn count at anthesis.Media P levels increased as phosphorus rate increased for all P sources. By the second sampling date, severe toxicity symptoms developed on foliage of the 4.75 kg P/m3 rate of superphosphate. This toxicity corresponded to high media P levels. Bract burn count at anthesis increased significantly at rates of 2.37 and 4.75 kg P/m3 of both superphosphate and triple superphosphate. The highest incidence of bract burn (21.875 bracts burned/plant) occured with application of 2.37 kg P/m3 of triple superphosphate.
Mechanical height control for tomato plug transplants: effects on yield
Authors: Björkman Thomas 
Published: April 2024

Mechanical conditioning is an efffective method for limiting excessive stem elongation in tightly grown plants. It is particularly effective in tomatoes. Any treatment that reduces growth of transplants has the potential to also reduce subsequent growth, and thereby reduce yield. Giving plants 0, 10, 20 or 40 strokes daily showed a maximal height reduction with 20 strokes, but further reduction in leaf area with 40 strokes. The potential redution in growth rate was about 25%. Harsher treatment to provide greater growth control appears unproductive. For studying the effects of stroking on yield, 288-size transplants were grown as they would in commercial production, and 3 flats of each transplanted in grower-cooperators' fields in 1991 and 1992. There was no significant yield reduction in either year. In 1991, the stroked plants had more severe blossom end rot than the controls, resulting in about 1 kg/m more culls. The weather in each year caused low yields and high sample variation. When the plants experience less stress duiring the growing season, the transplant treatments would be expected to have a larger effectControl Stroked1991 10.7 ± 1.31 9.4 ± 1.6 NS1992 4.3 ± 0.6 4.2 ± 0.4 NS1Yield (kg/m) ± s.d.
ROOT RESTRICTION AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE IN A PEACH ROOTSTOCK
Authors: Vizzotto Giannina , Lain Orietta , Costa Guglielmo 
Published: April 2024

Experiments on root restriction effect were carried out on micropropagated peach rootstock (GF677) plants grown in pots with different volume (1350 and 270 ml).Root restriction reduced plant growth expressed as shoot length, FW and DW accumulation and leaf area. Application of a triazole (BAS 111, GA biosynthesis inhibitor) or TIBA (inhibitor of auxin polar transport) also reduced plant growth as compared to root restriction.Pn measured on expanded leaves developed during the time-course experiment showed to be affected by root restriction. In fact the assimilation rate exhibited by plants grown in 270 ml volume pots remained at lower level at least at the lower light intensities. TIBA treatment dramatically reduced the assimilation rate at all the light intensities tested, while BAS111 did not induced evident differences as compared to the control plants. The stomata density per leaf doubled in the plants grown in 1350 ml pots as compared to that of plants in the 270 ml pots.
MICROCLIMATE MODIFICATION CAN IMPROVE THE GARDEN PERFORMANCE OF BEDDING PLANTS
Authors: Lohr Virginia I. , Pearson-Mims Caroline H. 
Published: April 2024

The use of small, open, landscape fencing to improve bedding plant growth under reduced irrigation was examined. Field-grown bedding plants were irrigated to saturation once every two weeks. Wooden fences, 0.5 m tall with 29% porosity, were installed in the planting beds. Plants adjacent to the fences were compared with plants growing without fencing.The addition of the fences appeared to create a microclimate that favored plant growth. Wind speed adjacent to the fences was reduced up to 50%, depending on the velocity and direction, from speed in open areas. Stomatal conductance and transpiration were higher for plants growing next to the fences compared with those away from the fences. Plants adjacent to the fences were up to 10% larger than plants grown in the open.
USING DIGITIZED IMAGES IN HORTICULTURE
Authors: McConnell James , Cruz Frank J. , Marutani Mari 
Published: April 2024

The uses of images digitized from slides and video, in Horticulture, were explored. With the improving quality of video capture boards for computers and the availability of photo CDs, it is becoming increasingly feasible to use these images in research, extension, and education. Video capture and digitized slide images were used for producing colored handouts, computer databases, computer aided instruction and image analyses. Demonstrations can be recorded and digitized for use in handouts and videos.Currently, thermal wax color printers produce acceptable quality images for handouts and information sheets. The cost per print is much less than dye sublimation printouts. The advantage to having a color printer is the ability to print sheets as needed allowing many information sheets to be produced without the need to store large numbers of documents.Image analysis can be enhanced by using filters. Command sequences can be recorded to automate the measuring of various morphological characteristics from the digitized images. Many measurements can be made non-destructively allowing for in field measurements. Image subtraction can be used to remove field backgrounds from the images. Plants moving in the wind can be recorded at a faster shutter speed to freeze the motion.
DEVELOPING A SIMPLE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE FOR USE WITH THE ROSESIM COMPUTER GROWTH MODEL
Authors: Hopper Douglas A. , Meinke Troy T. , Story Virginia S. 
Published: April 2024

ROSESIM is a computer simulation model based on `Royalty' rose (Rosa hybrida L.) growth response to 15 unique treatment combinations of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), day temperature (DT), and night temperature (NT) under constant growth chamber conditions. ROSESIM may use average PPF and temperature values over the whole development time, or daily integrated values from actual greenhouse conditions may be read from a file in ASCII format. Using SAS, predictions from ROSESIM have been plotted with the actual recorded plant growth data to illustrate the accuracy of the model.ROSESIM reads data from an ASCII file containing at least 3 columns of data (PPF, DT, and NT), and also outputs to an ASCII file that is accessible to many graphics packages. A graphical routine developed in C++ to run inside the Microsoft® Windows 3.0 or 3.1™ programming environment allows numerous options for plotting results. The Windows environment permits several plots to be presented simultaneously on the computer screen for ease of visual comparison and decision making.
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF ROSE (ROSA SPP) USING THE BIOLISTIC PROCESS
Authors: Strefeler Mark. S. 
Published: April 2024

Genetic transformation of cut roses may greatly facilitate cultivar improvement programs by shortening the time required to introduce new genes into elite germplasm. The biolistic process offers a very promising method for the genetic transformation of roses.Several factors that have a significant affect on transformation efficiency were examined in an effort to optimize the biolistic process for gene transfer in roses. The factors examined were type of tissue (leaf segments, petioles, callus, etc.), bombardment distance, the number of bombardments, DNA construct and microcarrier velocity.Two constructs of the reporter gene, β-GUS, were examined to determine which construct provided the highest level of expression. Only the construct designated pBI 426 provided β-GUS positive cells in leaf and callus tissue. This construct was used in all subsequent experiments.Experiments to find the optimum number of bombardments and rupture disk pressure were carried out using leaf and callus tissue and 1.6 μm gold particles. The optimum number of bombardments per sample was three for leaf tissue. The optimum rupture disk pressure was 900 p.s.i. for leaf and callus tissue.Meristems of axillary buds are being bombarded in situ on stem-bud explains. These should yield transgenic rose plantlets in 3 to 4 weeks.
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ROLE OF EPICUTICULAR WAX IN RESISTANCE OF GRAPE BERRIES TO BOTRYTIS CINEREA
Authors: Hellman Edward W. 
Published: April 2024

Prior to inoculation with a spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea, detached mature grape berries were given treatments to disrupt the epicuticular wax; gently rubbing with a rounded spatula, rubbing with a tissue, dipping in chloroform for 10 sec., or wounding with a scalpel. Other berries were inoculated at undisturbed areas on the side of the berry and at the base of the pedicle, or at the base of a pedicle with a natural wound. Berries were incubated at 23°C with 99% relative humidity for 72 hours, then evaluated for infection.Berries of Vitis vinifera cultivars `Thompson Seedless' and `Perlette' had infection rates of 18.5% and 3%, respectively, when the wax was undisturbed. Infection rates of berries with disrupted wax or natural wounds were much higher for both cultivars, ranging from 20% to 100%. No infections occured on either treated or untreated berries of cultivars derived from V. aestivalis, `Cynthiana'; V. labruscana, `Concord'; or those of hybrid origin, `Mars' and `Vignoles'. Wounding berries of `Concord' and `Cynthiana' resulted in 60% infection rates.
Modeling and prediction of high-precision global evapotranspiration: based on a different model of physical relationships
Authors: Sun Yongxi , He Chao , Dong Yuru , Chen Yanfei 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The interchange of water vapor between the land and the atmosphere is influenced by actual evapotranspiration (AET). A nonlinear model (AET-SWC-PET-GPP, ASPG) was developed in this study to combine potential evapotranspiration (PET), soil water content (SWC), and gross primary productivity (GPP) in order to quantitatively estimate AET. The Fluxnet Network 2015 global flux station dataset was used to compare the AET models (AET-SWC, AS; AET-SWC-PET, ASP and AET-SWC-PET2, ASP2) with various combinations of influencing factors. The results show that the simulation accuracy of the ASPG model is higher than that of AS, ASP, and ASP2, with improvements in a coefficient of determination (R2) of 45.3, 8.1, and 5.7%, respectively.The ASPG performed well for various vegetation types, geographical regions, and time scales. It was also discovered that the fitting coefficients vary depending on the type of vegetation, each with its own range of values. The ASPG model put forth in this study can be used to more effectively estimate AET quantitatively on a global scale and can serve as a theoretical foundation for the accurate calculation of global evapotranspiration and the wise use of water resources.
Trend and change-point analyses of meteorological variables using Mann–Kendall family tests and innovative trend assessment techniques in New Bhupania command (India)
Authors: Gaddikeri Venkatesh , Sarangi A. , Singh D. K. , Jatav Malkhan Singh , Rajput Jitendra , Kushwaha N. L. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Climate change (CC) significantly influences agricultural water productivity, it is advisable to consider the adapting irrigation regimes to observed changes in precipitation patterns. This study aim is to assess trends and change point analysis of weather variables, namely temperature (T), precipitation (R), and reference evapotranspiration (ETo), utilizing 31 years of long-term data for a semi-arid climate. The analysis was carried out using Mann-Kendall (MK), Modified Mann-Kendall (MMK), Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA), and Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA) methods. Homogeneity tests, including Pettitt's test, Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT), Buishand range test, and Von Neumann Ratio Test (VNRT), were employed to detect change points (CPs) in the time series data. The results indicated that, for maximum temperature (Tmax), MK and MMK revealed a positive trend for September and July, respectively, while minimum temperatures (Tmin) indicated Increasing trends in August and September. Precipitation exhibited an increasing trend during the Zaid season (April-May). ETo exhibited a negative trend in January. ITA and IPTA displayed a greater potential to detect the trends across months and seasons. Change point analysis revealed that for Tmax, the CP occurred in 1998 for April month time series data. Likewise, for Tmin, change points for April and August time series found in 1997. This study underscores shifting climatic parameters, emphasizing the importance of accounting for these changes in agricultural and water management strategies to ensure sustainability and resilience.
Estimation of water inflows to reservoirs of irrigation dams in the Guinea Savannah ecological zone of Ghana
Authors: Adongo Thomas Apusiga , Abagale Felix K. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out in the northern Ghana to estimate water inflows to nine reservoirs of irrigation dams for a period of 20 years (1999–2018) using the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number model. The key input parameters of the model were hydrologic soil group, rainfall amount, landuse/landcover, weighted curve number, antecedent moisture condition, and potential maximum soil moisture retention. The annual rainfall within the reservoir catchments was found to vary between 617.20 and 1,382.30 mm. The estimated annual runoff depths ranged from 54.10 to 125.55 mm. A high degree of positive correlation was found between rainfall and runoff depths with a coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 79.80 to 90.70%. Hydrologic soil groups accounted for about 67.2 and 62.5% of the variation in runoff depth and percentage runoff, respectively. The estimated annual water inflows to the reservoirs ranged from 145,206 ± 125,814 m3/y at Gambibgo to 47,074,634 ± 4,395,860 m3/y at Tono. The variation in the annual water inflows and annual storage capacity recharge among the various reservoirs was noted to be influenced by reservoir size, catchment size, rainfall, and soil characteristics in the reservoir catchments.
Impacts of flow regime characterization on selected water quality parameters in Mthatha River catchment
Authors: Amoo Oseni Taiwo , Makupula Nombuyiselo , Akinola Ikudayisi , Nakin Motebang Dominic Vincent 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The effects of altered streamflow types on selected water quality parameters provide useful knowledge and information for prompt water pollution management. This study assesses the impacts of inter- and intra-year seasonal variability in streamflow types on selected water quality parameters. The study uses percentiles, multivariance correlation, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis (AHC) in XLSTAT statistics software to achieve the study aim. Historical dataset for streamflow, rainfall, and selected water quality parameters between 2012 and 2020 for the Mthatha River catchment (MRC), Eastern Cape, South Africa were used to characterize the different seasonal variability impacts with the selected water quality parameters at both the upper and lower reach of the river. The result of the inter and intra-year seasonal variability analyses show that the catchment's flow magnitude varies between 2.0 and 2.7 m3/s in summer while the results of the nonlinear polynomial relationship between the grouped streamflow regime show a coefficient of correlation (R2) values of 0.4264 and 0.5643, suggesting that a mild alteration occurs in the catchment. Decision-makers would find the study useful in controlling the pollutant effluent discharge into the river at different times and maintaining standard effluent requirements as mitigation strategies for sustaining the river ecosystem.
Antidiabetic Advancements In Silico: Pioneering Novel Heterocyclic
Derivatives through Computational Design
Authors: Mehra Anuradha , Mehra Aryan 
Published: April 2024

Background::
Deficiency of insulin signaling in type 2 diabetes results from insulin
resistance or defective insulin secretion and induced hyperglycemia. By reducing glycated hemoglobin,
SGLT2 inhibitors improve hyperuricemia, blood lipids, and weight loss without increasing
the risk of hypoglycemia. By targeting this pathway, SGLT2 inhibitors can become a
prominent target in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Objective::
This study aimed to carry out the molecular docking and ADMET prediction of novel
imidazo(2,1-b)-1,3,4 thiadiazole derivatives as SGLT2 inhibitors.

Methods::
The chemical structures of 108 molecules were drawn by using ChemDraw Professional
15.0. Further, their energy minimization was also carried out by using Chem Bio Draw
three-dimensional (3D) Ultra 12.0. Molecular docking was also carried out using a Molegro Virtual
Docker to identify the best-fitting molecules and to identify the potential leads on the basis
of dock score. The predicted parameters of drug-likeness according to Lipinski’s rule of five,
such as molecular weight, log P, hydrogen bond acceptor, hydrogen bond donors, and number of
rotatable bonds of the selected compounds, were predicted using pKCSM software.

Results::
About 108 molecules were designed by employing different substitutions on imidazothiadiazole
nucleus as SGLT2 inhibitors. Out of these, 10 compounds were found to have better
interactions with the active site of SGLT2 protein and the highest dock scores compared to
canagliflozin. Compounds 39a and 39b demonstrated good interactions and the highest docking
scores of -155.428 and -142.786, respectively. The in silico physicochemical properties of the
best compounds were also determined. Additionally, these compounds suggested a good pharmacokinetic
profile as per Lipinski's rule of five (orally active drugs).

Conclusion::
Novel imidazo (2,1-b)-1,3,4 thiadiazole derivatives were strategically designed,
and their binding affinity was meticulously evaluated against the SGLT2 protein. This endeavor
yielded pioneering lead compounds characterized by ultimate binding affinity, coupled with optimal
ADMET properties in adherence to Lipinski's rule of five and favourable noncarcinogenic
profile.
Nanotechnology: Current Developments, Applications and Patents for Non-invasive Topical Cosmetics and Dermatological Therapeutic Delivery
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Mahor Alpana , Chaudhary Varsha , Sharma Shalini 
Published: April 2024

:
Nanotechnology exhibits the advancement in the field of invention, by improving the potency of the formulation through the delivery of inventive solutions. To resolve several limita-tions related to conventional formulations, nanotechnology applications are increasing in the cosmetics and dermatological area. Cosmetic and dermatological preparations are considered a thriving branch of the body care arena and their usage has increased dramatically through the past years. Scientists are designing innovative delivery mechanisms and emerging innovations that are presently being utilized in the development of cosmetics. Inventive nanocarriers such as nio-somes, liposomes, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanospheres, and nanostructured (lipid) carriers have substituted the use of traditional drug delivery. These innova-tive nanocarriers have the convenience of better skin permeation, sustained and controlled drug delivery, precise location, higher stability, and greater incorporated capability. Since the usage of cosmetics has increased, the usual delivery system has been substituted by modern delivery ap-proaches. The introduction of newer advancements and novel drug delivery systems make cos-metics and cosmeceuticals more popular with increased market share. This review article on nan-otechnology employed in cosmetics and dermatology emphasizes the numerous innovative nanocarriers designed for cosmetic and dermatologic drug delivery, their negative and positive aspects, and their toxicity.
Crisaborole-Enthused Glycerosomal Gel for an Augmented Skin Permeation
Authors: Singh Ragini , singh Anshu , Srivastava Dipti , Fatima Zeeshan , Prasad Rammani 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Crisaborole (CB), a boron-based compound, is the first topical PDE4 inhibitor
to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (2016) for the treatment of Atopic
Dermatitis. It is marketed as a 2% ointment (Eucrisa, Pfizer). However, CB is insoluble in water;
therfore, CB glycersomes were formulated to enhance its permeation flux across the skin.

Objective:
We developed a glycerosomal gel of CB and compared its in vitro release and permeation
flux with the 2% conventional ointment

Methods:
Glycerosomes were prepared using thin film hydration method employing CB, soya
phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol. The formed film was further hydrated employing a mixture of
phosphate buffer pH 7.4 /glycerin solution containing varying percentages (20,30, 40, and 50 %) of
glycerol. The glycerosomes obtained were characterized by their size, polydispersity index (PDI),
and Zeta potential. The entrapment efficiency of the optimized formulation (F 1) was determined.
The in vitro release of F1 was compared with its 2% conventional ointment. F1 was further incorporated
into carbopol 934 P gel. The gel was characterized by pH, viscosity, spreadability, and drug
content. The permeability flux of the glycerosomal gel was compared with its 2% conventional
ointment.

Results:
The optimized CB glycerosomes had a vesicle size of 137.5 ± 50.58 nm, PDI 0.342, and
zeta potential -65.4 ± 6.75 mV. CB glycerosomal gel demonstrated a 2.13-fold enhancement in the
permeation flux.

Conclusion:
It can thereby be concluded that glycerosomes can be an effective delivery system to
enhance the penetration of CB across the skin.