bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using QuikSCAT in the added value assessment of dynamically downscaled wind speed
Authors: Winterfeldt Jörg , Geyer Beate , Weisse Ralf 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHindcasts with reanalysis‐driven regional climate models (RCMs) are a common tool to assess weather statistics (i.e. climate) and recent changes and trends. A remote sensing‐based method to investigate the added value of surface marine RCM wind speed is introduced. The capability of the dynamical downscaling approach (with spectral nudging applied) to add value to the reanalysis wind speed forcing is assessed by the comparison with QuikSCAT Level 2B 12.5 km (L2B12) swath data in European waters for 2000–2007. Co‐location criteria are within 0.1° and 0.06° in longitudinal and latitudinal distance from RCM grid points and within 10 min. In the wind speed range, QuikSCAT L2B12 is reliably reproducing (3–20 m s−1), dynamically downscaled wind speed does not show an added value in ‘open ocean’ areas. However, in coastal areas with complex topography, the regional models show an added value, especially around Iceland and the Iberian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean, Baltic and Irish Seas, validating the findings of previous in situ data‐based studies on the added value. Strong interseasonal differences exist, in winter enhanced cyclonic and meso‐cyclonic activity increases the potential of dynamical downscaling. In winter time, the added value is more pronounced around Iceland and Greenland, south of Iceland and within the Gulf of Lyon/Mistral region. Summarizing the presented method can be easily applied for other ocean areas, making QuikSCAT a valuable tool to identify marine regions where dynamical downscaling adds value to surface marine wind speed. A detailed comparison of 10 m winds from the National Centres of Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the newer NCEP/DOE‐II reanalyses is presented in the annex, motivating the use of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis in the added value assessment. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Comparison of satellite‐derived TOA shortwave clear‐sky fluxes to estimates from GCM simulations constrained by satellite observations of land surface characteristics
Authors: Anantharaj Valentine G. , Nair Udaysankar S. , Lawrence Peter , Chase Thomas N. , Christopher Sundar , Jones Thomas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractClear‐sky, upwelling shortwave flux at the top of the atmosphere $\left(S_{\rm {TOA}}^{\uparrow}\right)$, simulated using the atmospheric and land model components of the Community Climate System Model 3 (CCSM3), is compared to corresponding observational estimates from the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensor. Improvements resulting from the use of land surface albedo derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to constrain the simulations are also examined. Compared to CERES observations, CCSM3 overestimates global, annual averaged $S_{\rm {TOA}}^{\uparrow}$ over both land and oceans. However, regionally, CCSM3 overestimates $S_{\rm {TOA}}^{\uparrow}$ over some land and ocean areas while underestimating it over other sites. CCSM3 underestimates $S_{\rm {TOA}}^{\uparrow}$ over the Saharan and Arabian Deserts and substantial differences exist between CERES observations and CCSM3 over agricultural areas. Over selected sites, after using ground‐based observations to remove systematic biases that exist in CCSM computation of $S_{\rm {TOA}}^{\uparrow}$, it is found that use of MODIS albedo improves the simulation of $S_{\rm {TOA}}^{\uparrow}$. Inability of coarse resolution CCSM3 simulation to resolve spatial heterogeneity of snowfall over high altitude sites such as the Tibetan Plateau causes overestimation of $S_{\rm {TOA}}^{\uparrow}$ in these areas. Discrepancies also exist in the simulation of $S_{\rm {TOA}}^{\uparrow}$ over ocean areas as CCSM3 does not account for the effect of wind speed on ocean surface albedo. This study shows that the radiative energy budget at the TOA is improved through the use of MODIS albedo in Global Climate Models. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Climatology of tropospheric ozone and water vapour over Chennai: a study based on MOZAIC measurements over India
Authors: Sahu L. K. , Lal S. , Thouret Valérie , Smit Herman G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractClimatology of tropospheric ozone (O3) and water vapour (H2O) over a metro city of Chennai in southern India has been presented based on the Measurements of OZone and water vapour by Airbus In‐service AirCraft (MOZAIC) data during 1996–2001. The seasonal trends in mixing ratio of O3 are discussed in view of annual changes in the transport pattern, rainfall, and its relationship with ambient H2O. The vertical distributions of both O3 and H2O show large seasonal variations. The observed high mixing ratios of O3 in winter and spring months can be attributed to long‐range transport of pollutants by the northwesterly winds associated with winter monsoon circulation. The lowest mixing ratio of 15 ppbv of O3 from July to September coincides with the summer monsoon circulation over Indian subcontinent. The surface level mixing ratio of O3 was observed to be below 30 ppbv throughout the year. On the other hand, monthly rainfall and vertical distributions of H2O show just opposite seasonal variations to that of O3 mixing ratio. Chennai is a coastal city; therefore, the seasonal change in surface wind flow causes large variability in H2O concentrations of 6–30 g/kg in the lower troposphere. More or less similar annual patterns of mixing ratios of O3 and H2O are repeated during different years of 1996–1998, except for some small‐scale differences. High level of O3 mixing ratio, particularly during the early winter months of year 1997, seems unusual as we do not see such trends for other year of measurements over Chennai. The case studies of profiles of O3, relative humidity (RH), and temperature in view of long‐range transport over Chennai during the different seasons have been also discussed. Significant enhancements in tropospheric O3 were observed over Chennai due to transport of air from forest fire regions of Indonesia during October 1997. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Interannual variations of early summer monsoon rainfall over South China under different PDO backgrounds
Authors: Mao Jiangyu , Chan Johnny C. L. , Wu Guoxiong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe interannual variations of the early summer South China monsoon rainfall (SCMR) in relation to different Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) backgrounds are examined using station rainfall data and the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40‐year reanalysis (ERA‐40) data. The objective of this study is to investigate the atmospheric circulation patterns responsible for such variations, thereby understanding the interdecadal modulation and the cause for the extreme wet and dry SCMR.The interannual SCMR variance shows an interdecadal change before and after the late 1970s, with significant differences in sea‐surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation anomalies between the negative (1958–1976) and positive (1980–1998) PDO epochs. The dominant atmospheric teleconnection patterns associated with extreme wet and dry SCMR are remarkably different in these two epochs. During 1958–1976, an anomalous wet (dry) SCMR is characterized by a significantly anomalous anticyclone (cyclone) over the South China Sea (SCS) and western Pacific in the lower troposphere in the form of a meridional wave‐like coupling along the coast of western North Pacific in the early summer, and preceded by a monopole circulation anomaly over the Ural Mountain in the preceding winter. During 1980–1998, however, an anomalous wet (dry) SCMR features a relatively weak anomalous anticyclone (cyclone) over the SCS in the low level without a significantly meridional juxtaposition of anomalous circulations in the early summer, and it follows a remarkable coherent long wave train pattern in middle‐high latitudes in the preceding winter. Such interdecadal differences in anomalous circulation structures suggest that the relative roles of internal atmospheric variability and external forcing may be different from different epochs. But for both epochs, the circulation anomaly over the Ural Mountain shows a highly negative correlation with anomalous SCMR, suggesting that the winter circulation anomaly around the Ural Mountain is of great significance for improving the seasonal prediction of SCMR. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Thermal decomposition of cyclic organic peroxides in pure solvents and binary solvent mixtures
Authors: Iglesias Mariángeles , Barreto Gastón P. , Eyler Gladys N. , Cañizo Adriana I. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe thermal decomposition reaction of acetone cyclic triperoxide, acetone cyclic diperoxide, 4‐heptanone cyclic diperoxide, and pinacolone cyclic diperoxide ca. 0.02 M was studied in pure solvents (acetone and 1‐propanol) and in binary mixtures of acetone/1‐propanol at 150°C. The kinetics of each system was explored by gas chromatography (GC) at different solvent compositions. The reactions showed a behavior accordingly with a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic law up to at least 90% peroxide decomposition. The main organic products derived from these thermolysis reactions were detected by GC analysis. Among them, the corresponding ketones, methane, ethane, and propane were the main identified products. The rates of decomposition of pinacolone diperoxide in the pure solvents were practically independent of the solvent characteristics, so it was of no interest to analyze its kinetic behavior in binary solvent mixtures. In acetone/1‐propanol mixtures, the solvation effect on the cyclic peroxides derived from 4‐heptanone and acetone molecules was slightly dominated by specific interactions between 1‐propanol and a diradical‐activated complex initially formed. This species was preferentially solvated by 1‐propanol instead of acetone. Specific interactions between the O atoms from the peroxidic bond and the H from the OH in 1‐propanol can be taken into account. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 347–353, 2010
Mechanisms by which the antitumor compound di‐n‐butyl‐di‐(4‐chlorobenzohydroxamato)tin(IV) induces apoptosis and the mitochondrial‐mediated signaling pathway in human cancer SGC‐7901 cells
Authors: Li Yunlan , Liu Jinjie , Li Qingshan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe mechanisms by which the strong antitumor diorganotin(IV) compound di‐n‐butyl‐di‐(4‐chlorobenzohydroxamato)tin(IV) (DBDCT) induces apoptosis of SGC‐7901 cells were first investigated. Inhibition of proliferation of four cancer cell lines compared with normal human hepatic L‐O2 cells, cancer cell apoptosis, and expression of related mRNA and protein were detected using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), flow cytometry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), Western blot, and DNA ladder assays, and electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. DBDCT decreased cancer cell proliferation rates in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and changed the cycle distribution of SGC‐7901 cells; the proportion of cells in G0–G1 phase was increased, whereas the numbers in S and G2–M phases were decreased. Blockade of the cell cycle was perhaps associated with increased levels of p21, p27, p53 and the decreased level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Apoptosis was characterized by DNA fragmentation, chromosomal condensation, apoptotic bodies, sub‐G1 peaks, and an increased apoptotic rate, as shown using the annexin V‐FITC method. Pretreatment of cells with N‐acetylcysteine and caspase‐9 inhibitor could reduce growth inhibition and DBDCT‐induced apoptosis. The results showed that DBDCT‐mediated cell‐cycle arrest might occur through the induction of p21 in a p53‐dependent manner and that DBDCT induction of the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway is perhaps mediated by increasing Bax/Bcl‐2 ratios, which result in the loss of ΔΨm, release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, activation of caspase‐3 and ‐9, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mol. Carcinog. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Properties of a mean residual life function arising from renewal theory
Authors: Unnikrishnan Nair N. , Sankaran P.G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe present article discusses the properties of the mean residual life function in a renewal process. We examine the relationship this function has with the failure rate function and the conventional mean, variance and coefficient of variation of residual life. We also discuss some monotonicity properties of the mean residual life function. A partial order based on the renewal mean residual function is introduced along with its interrelationship with some existing stochastic orders. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Isotopic evidence for Middle Horizon to 16th century camelid herding in the Osmore Valley, Peru
Authors: Thornton E. K. , Defrance S. D. , Krigbaum J. , Williams P. R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractArchaeological and zooarchaeological data indicate that camelid pastoralism was a subsistence and economic mainstay of Middle Horizon and more recent cultures in the Osmore region of southern Peru. However, it is not known whether camelids were primarily herded in highland puna pastures or near lower elevation sites in the middle valley or along the coast. This research examines the elevation of archaeological camelid herding in the Osmore Valley using stable isotope analysis. Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios were measured on 28 archaeological camelid bone samples from the Middle Horizon sites of Cerro Baúl and Cerro Mejía, the Late Intermediate site of Yaral and the late pre‐Hispanic to Colonial period site of Torata Alta. Twenty‐three archaeological camelids have δ13C and δ15N values similar to five modern camelids maintained in highland puna pastures. In contrast, three camelids from the high status Wari site of Cerro Baúl, and two from Yaral have unexpectedly high δ13C and/or δ15N values outside the expected range for camelids pastured in highland puna habitats. The results may be explained by differences in foddering practices, altitudinal herding range or climatic conditions. Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) were also assessed to infer pasture elevation using the camelid remains from Cerro Baúl (n = 11). One individual in this sub‐sample exhibits a non‐local 87Sr/86Sr value indicative of an origin in the highland puna region east or south of Lake Titicaca. It was not possible to further distinguish between camelids herded in lower to middle elevation habitats outside the Lake Titicaca basin using 87Sr/86Sr values. This study suggests that multiple isotope proxies may be used to identify animals primarily pastured in lowland coastal versus highland puna (> 4000 masl (meters above sea level)) habitats, but are less useful at distinguishing between animals pastured in lower to middle elevation settings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunoproteomic analyses of outer membrane proteins ofMannheimia haemolyticaand identification of potential vaccine candidates
Authors: Ayalew Sahlu , Confer Anthony W. , Hartson Steven D. , Shrestha Binu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractImmunoproteomic analyses were used to characterize the outer membrane proteome ofMannheimia haemolytica, formerlyPasteurella haemolytica, serotype 1, and determine potential vaccine candidate proteins. 2‐DE ofM. haemolyticaouter membranes was followed by immunoblot analyses using naïve and convalescent bovine sera. Proteins were identified using MALDI‐TOF and LC‐MS/MS. Spectral data was used to mineM. haemolyticaprotein database and 132 immunoreactive proteins were identified. Bioinformatic analysis using PSORTb, SubLoc, LipoP, BOMP, MCMBB, and TMB‐Hunt/BBTM to predict subcellular localization of immunoreactive proteins and β‐barrels narrowed the list down to 55 candidates. Functional characterization of 55 proteins predicted 16 (29%) are involved in cell structure, 13 (23.6%) in transport/virulence, ten (18.2%) as unknown, six (10.9%) in general metabolism, four (7.27%) in cell process, two (3.64%) in translation, and one (1.8%) each in DNA replication, regulation, transcription, and virulence. Prediction of β‐barrel formation was between 11 and 31 immunoreactive proteins depending on the bioinformatic tool employed. Some of these proteins have potentials to be developed into stand‐alone vaccines or components of vaccines. Of those proteins, several have already been characterized. Finally, although characteristics of many ofM. haemolyticaimmunoreactive proteins identified in this study were obtained from published data and predictions using bioinformatics tools, five proteins previously listed in the publishedM. haemolyticasequence as unidentified were found to have correlates with functional proteins in other bacterial species.
Analysis of oligomeric protein complexes in the chloroplast sub‐proteome of nucleic acid‐binding proteins from mustard reveals potential redox regulators of plastid gene expression
Authors: Schröter Yvonne , Steiner Sebastian , Matthäi Kevin , Pfannschmidt Thomas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPhotosynthetic light quality acclimation in plants involves redox‐controlled changes in plastid gene expression. To study proteins potentially involved in this regulation, we isolated low‐abundant chloroplast nucleic acid‐binding proteins from the crucifere mustard (Sinapis alba) and investigated if photosynthetic redox signals affect their composition and/or oligomeric structure. We purified chloroplasts from plants subjected to light quality shifts and applied organelle lysates to heparin‐Sepharose chromatography followed by 2‐D blue native PAGE. We studied accumulation and structure of oligomeric protein complexes and applied MS/MS to identify them. We found ten oligomeric protein complexes of higher order and eleven smaller protein complexes or spots including plastid‐encoded RNA polymerase (PEP), plastid transcriptionally active chromosome proteins, RNA‐binding proteins, ribosomal subunits and chaperones. A translation elongation factor was found to be the only protein displaying major differences in its amounts in response to the growth lights. Furthermore, we found a novel thioredoxin as a subunit of the PEP, a 2‐Cys‐peroxiredoxin complex and a (soluble) ferredoxin:NADP‐oxido‐reductase, which represent potential redox regulator of plastid gene expression. A T‐DNA knock‐out line of the thioredoxin from Arabidopsis exhibits a yellowish‐pale phenotype, demonstrating that this novel PEP subunit is essential for proper plastid development.
Equalizer technology – Equal rights for disparate beads
Authors: Keidel Eva‐Maria , Ribitsch Doris , Lottspeich Friedrich 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOne major limitation in proteomics is the detection and analysis of low‐abundant proteins, i.e. in plasma. Several years ago, a technique to selectively enrich the relative concentration of low‐abundant proteins was introduced by Boschetti and co‐workers. It is based on a specific and saturable interaction of proteins to a high diversity of binding sites, realized by a hexapeptide library coupled to beads. This technology was commercialized as Equalizer beads or ProteoMiner. However, during application of ProteoMiner beads to plasma samples unexpected results questioned the proposed mode of action. Therefore, ProteoMiner beads were compared with chromatographic beads exhibiting completely different surface chemistry. Sepabeads FP‐OD400 octadecyl, FP‐DA400 diethylamine, FP‐BU400 butyl, FP‐HG400 hydroxyl and EXE056 epoxy were used. The results show that ProteoMiner or the different Sepabeads behave surprisingly similarly in the separation of complex protein mixtures. ProteoMiner beads interact with protein mixtures according to a general hydrophobic binding mechanism, where diversity in surface ligands plays only a negligible role.
Integrating titania enrichment, iTRAQ labeling, and Orbitrap CID‐HCD for global identification and quantitative analysis of phosphopeptides
Authors: Wu Jiang , Warren Peter , Shakey Quazi , Sousa Eric , Hill Andrew , Ryan Terence E. , He Tao 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecent advances in MS instrumentation and progresses in phosphopeptide enrichment, in conjunction with more powerful data analysis tools, have facilitated unbiased characterization of thousands of site‐specific phosphorylation events. Combined with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture metabolic labeling, these techniques have made it possible to quantitatively evaluate phosphorylation changes in various physiological states in stable cell lines. However, quantitative phosphoproteomics in primary cells and tissues remains a major technical challenge due to the lack of adequate techniques for accurate quantification. Here, we describe an integrated strategy allowing for large scale quantitative profiling of phosphopeptides in complex biological mixtures. In this technique, the mixture of proteolytic peptides was subjected to phosphopeptide enrichment using a titania affinity column, and the purified phosphopeptides were subsequently labeled with iTRAQ reagents. After further fractionation by strong‐cation exchange, the peptides were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer, which collects CID and high‐energy collisional dissociation (HCD) spectra sequentially for peptide identification and quantitation. We demonstrate that direct phosphopeptide enrichment of protein digests by titania affinity chromatography substantially improves the efficiency and reproducibility of phosphopeptide proteomic analysis and is compatible with downstream iTRAQ labeling. Conditions were optimized for HCD normalized collision energy to balance the overall peptide identification and quantitation using the relative abundances of iTRAQ reporter ions. Using this approach, we were able to identify 3557 distinct phosphopeptides from HeLa cell lysates, of which 2709 were also quantified from HCD scans.
SILAC analysis of oxidative stress‐mediated proteins in human pneumocytes: New role for treacle
Authors: Duan Xunbao , Kelsen Steve G. , Clarkson Allen B. , Ji Rong , Merali Salim 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo better understand lung oxidant stress responses, we examined A549 lung cells exposed to H2O2 using “stable isotope labeling by amino acids.” We identified 466 cytosolic and 387 nuclear proteins; H2O2 exposure produced ≥twofold differences in 31, all were downregulations. None were previously reported as oxidant stress response proteins, although they share common functions. One of the responders, treacle, was linked to p53, an important oxidative stress response. The Treacher Collins–Franceschetti syndrome can result from treacle mutation and insufficiency was suggested to cause increased p53 leading to the syndrome. However, results here indicate p53 and treacle responses to H2O2 are independent: treacle remains suppressed after p53 recovery; the threshold for treacle reduction is well above that for p53 induction; and treacle suppression by short interfering RNA does not modify the p53 response. Evidence of treacle antioxidant activity include reduction being driven by proteasome degradation independently of mRNA, typical for oxidant‐absorbing proteins, and increased sensitivity to H2O2 consequent to short interfering RNA suppression. Data here show a link between oxidative stress and treacle reduction, demonstrate that treacle does not control p53, provide evidence of a treacle oxidant defense role, support the hypothesis that oxidant stress plays a role in the Treacher Collins–Franceschetti syndrome, and raise the possibility that treacle plays an anti‐oxidant role in lungs.