bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of amino acids as sole nitrogen sources by thermophilic fungi
Authors: Oso B. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe organic nitrogen requirements of six thermophilic fungi were examined in liquid shake cultures at 45 °C. The fungi used were Mucor pusillus LINDT, Humicola lanuginosa (GRIFFON and MAUBLANC) BUNCE, Thermoascus aurantiacus MIEHE sensu APINIS, Thermoascus crustaceus (APINIS and CHESTERS) STOLK, Chaetomium thermophile var. coprophile COONEY and EMERSON, and Chaetomium thermophile var. dissitum COONEY and EMERSON. The organic nitrogen sources tested were casein hydrolysate (vitamin‐free), L‐proline, L‐glutamic acid, DL‐serine, L‐alanine, DL‐valine, L‐threonine, L‐arginine, DL‐aspartic acid, L‐asparagine, DL‐glutamine, glycine, L‐leucine, DL‐isoleucine, L‐lysine, DL‐methionine, DL‐phenylalanine, and L‐histidine. Growth was determined by the mycelial dry weight method. All the organisms grew well on casein hydrolysate. M. pusillus grew well on all the single amino acids, while H. lanuginosa grew well on all, but six of them. T. aurantiacus and T. crustaceus gave a fair yield of mycelium on about 50% of the single amino acids tested, while the other 50% served as poor sources of nitrogen. All the single amino acids were poorly utilized by C. thermophile var. coprophile and C. thermophile var. dissitum.
Methodische Untersuchungen über die Sporen‐ und Stäbchen‐Antigene vonClostridium butyricum(Stamm‐Nr. 1672A, MCCLUNG) unter Berücksichtigung der Gewinnung von stäbchenfreien Sporen — ein Beitrag für den biologischen Krebs‐Frühtest
Authors: Urban Sigrid , Ziebarth D. , Wildner G. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe investigations reported are concerned with the spore forming process ofClostridium butyricumby means of selective media, the production of spores, the germination potentialin vitroandin vivo, the serological determination of antisera against spores and rods ofCl. butyricumas a basis for a biologically early detection of cancer.Besides the data reported in the literature our own experiments were aimed at obtaining a medium for optimal production of spores including the prescription of the equipment.By using agglutination and precipitation tests (OUCHTERLONY‐test) rabbit antibodies against spores or rods, respectively, could be demonstrated.Preliminary methods of histological as well as fluorescence‐serological characterizations are discussed with regard to locating the antigens in the tumorous tissue.
Precursorbildung und Biosynthese des Makrolidantibioticums A 6599 (Turimycin) durch Streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599
Authors: Gräfe U. , Bocker H. , Thrum H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe possible role of some metabolic systems producing acetyl‐CoA, malonyl‐CoA, and methylmalonyl‐CoA as initial precursors in the biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic A 6599 by Streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599 was studied.The activities of pyruvate decarboxylase exceeded in two higher producing strains about twofold those found in the mycelium of a lower producing one suggesting that in this organism an enhanced production of acetyl‐CoA should be one of the prerequisites necessary for an improved antibiotic biosynthesis. No clear interrelationship was established, however, between the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite A 6599 on the one hand and the acetate and propionate kinase content on the other hand.In S. hygroscopicus JA 6599 the carboxylation of acetyl‐CoA or propionyl‐CoA seems to be the major pathway giving malonyl‐CoA or methylmalonyl‐CoA, respectively. Thus, the activities of acetyl‐CoA and propionyl‐CoA carboxylases corresponded with both the levels of antibiotic production in several strains and with variations observed in the specific antibiotic production rate during the cultivation. Some other pathways synthesizing these precursors, e.g. via oxaloacetate, are assumed to be negligible since even in the mycelium of the lower producing strain increased activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase were present.
Different types of thermoconditional clear plaque‐mutants and prophage induction by heat or cold of Serratia phage χ
Authors: Schimff W. , Steiger H. , Hoerschelmann D. V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhage χ of Serratia marcescens was treated with different mutagens to induce thermoconditional clear plaque‐mutants. 176 mutants obtained were analysed by crosses and found to be located in clear plaque‐region III. Two types resembling the mutants t2 and t1 of phage λ were identified. Lysogens for the mutant l 26 can be induced by heat and even by cold whereas they are scarcely inducible by uv. Nevertheless, a l 26 prophage like a uv inducible ct 163 prophage can be sensitized to thermoinduction by short preirradiation if the cells are incubated for 30 to 45 min between uv exposure and heating. With ct 163 this time corresponds to the minimum extension of latent period after uv induction compared with infection at low moi.A mutant of clear plaque‐region II, cl54, shows an inverted thermoconditional behaviour forming clear plaques at 30 °C and turbid plaques due to lysogenization at 37 °C.
Pseudomonas glathei sp. nov., a new nitrogen‐scavenging rod isolated from acid lateritic relicts in Germany
Authors: Zolg W. , Ottow J. C. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEin neues, acidotolerantes, gram‐negatives Stäbchen, charakterisiert durch eine polare, bis zu 12 μm lange Geißel, wurde aus lateritischen Relikten unweit von Gießen isoliert. Die physiologischen Eigenschaften, die Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber Antibiotica sowie das GC% (DNS) bestätigen den Organismus als eine neue Art der Gattung Pseudomonas. Die Isolate bilden eine homogene Gruppe von prototrophen, Oxidase und Katalase bildenden Stäbchen mit obligataerobem Stoffwechsel und ENTNER‐DOUDOROFF‐Abbauweg. Stickstoffbindung wird durch starkes Wachstum auf “N‐freiem” Glucose‐Agar simuliert; Acetylen wird jedoch nicht signifikant reduziert. Die meisten organischen Säuren (darunter Oxalat), sämtliche geprüfte Aldosen, Hexosen, Desoxyzucker, Zuckeralkohole sowie Gluconat, 2‐ und 5‐Ketogluconat werden als einzige C‐Quelle verwertet. Alkohole, ausgenommen 2,3‐Butandiol, werden nicht angegriffen. Di‐, Tri‐ und Polysaccharide, mit Ausnahme von Lactose, Melezitose und Melibiose, werden nicht verwertet. Der neue Organismus unterscheidet sich in mehreren Merkmalen von den Denitrifikanten der P. stutzeri‐mendocina Gruppe. Der Name Pseudomonas glathei sp. nov. wird vorgeschlagen.
Wirkungsmechanismus von Terrazol
Authors: Lyr H. , Laussmann B. , Casperson G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHigher concentrations of terrazol inhibit the growth of a large number of fungi, but oomycetes are most sensitive. At medium concentrations (ED50 = 10 ppm) in Mucor mucedo several alterations of ultrastructure are recognizable even after short incubation periods. Significant observations are vacuolization of the mitochondrial cristae, invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane, and thickening of the cell wall. Later on, numerous vacuoles in the cytoplasm are visible. Primary effects on the cell membrane (destructive effect), on O2‐consumption, on fermentation, or on nucleic acid synthesis could not be demonstrated. Lipid synthesis under the influence of terrazol showed characteristic changes. The synthesis of triglycerides and sterolesters was inhibited while the synthesis of free fatty acids and phospholipids was stimulated. Addition of lipids, vitamines, amino acids, or nucleic acids did not counteract the effect of terrazol. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the primary mechanism of action.
Characterization of a stable spheroplast type L‐form of Proteus mirabilis D 52 as cell envelope mutant. I. Isolation, growth characteristics, biochemical activities, and sensitivity to bacteriophages
Authors: Gumpert J. , Taubeneck U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA stable spheroplast type L‐form could be isolated by transferring 627 single colonies and 195 agar blocks with several colonies of unstable L‐forms of Proteus mirabilis D 52 on agar media without supplements of penicillin. The L‐form grows well on complex and synthetic agar media, however, it failed to grow in any of the liquid media which have been proved. With one exception (formation of acid from maltose) the L‐form shows the same biochemical activities like the parent rod‐shaped bacterium. However, the insensitivity for various phages and the failure of DAP in the envelopes demonstrate that there are profound alterations in the biosynthesis and structure of the murein and of the outer wall layers. The results of these investigations and an ultrastructural analysis (GUMPERT and TAUBENECK 1975) show that the stable spheroplast type L‐form LD 52B of Proteus mirabilis must be considered as a true cell envelope mutant.
Mode of growth and division of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Shannon K. P. , Rowbury R. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA temperature‐sensitive strain (HD 20) of Salmonella typhimurium is described. At restrictive temperature this strain shows an envelope alteration and a defect in division associated with an increase in cell diameter. On a shift to 42 °C there is residual division for ca. 30 min and then no further increase in cell number. In minimal medium (MM) at 42 °C cell diameter remains unchanged for about one mass doubling and then increases. From measurements of cell elongation, it is concluded that such increases in diameter occur because cell volume increases exponentially at 42 °C but increases in the rate of elongation occur for only a short period and then elongation rate becomes constant. This conclusion is supported by the observation that HD 20 cells show no increase in diameter at 42 °C when cultured in media supplemented with sucrose and Mg++; normal increases in elongation rate occur in such media. A model which fits the experimental data has been constructed. This model has two main features namely (1) the elongation of individual cells is linear with the rate of elongation doubling close to division and (2) such doublings in elongation rate are linked to division such that division cannot occur if elongation rate has not doubled shortly before. In the mutant it is proposed that only a few doublings in elongation rate occur at 42 °C and these are responsible for the residual division. The model fits the data for cultures shifted to 42 °C in MM or in yeast extract casamino acids MM (YE Cas MM) and for cultures shifted to 42 °C and shifted up from MM to YE Cas MM. The observations on these medium shifted cultures suggest that the activity of growth zones responsible for elongation is medium dependent.
Proteinkristalle und Tubuli‐Bündel in Hefezellen. II. Isolierung, biochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Charakterisierung
Authors: Künkel W. , Müller H. , May R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA purified fraction of crystals stabilized with Cd2+ is prepared from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis protoplasts by means of differential centrifugation. As proved by negative staining the crystals are hexagonal with well preserved surface which in its turn also reveals a hexagonal fine structure.Crystals are digestible by pronase (1 mg/ml) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The molecular weight of protein subunits is 38000 ± 300 D. Amino acid composition of the crude crystal protein is similar to that of microtubular protein (MTP) from brain and sperm, except that lysin content is much higher. The crystal protein exhibits more differences, however, after purification by preparative gel electrophoresis. The level of glycine, alanine, and valine is increased, whereas that of glutamic acid is decreased.
Leukaemomycin, an antibiotic with antitumor activity. II. Isolation and identification
Authors: Strauss D. , Fleck W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA Streptomyces strain belonging to Streptomyces griseus (KRAINSKY) WAKSMAN et Henrici 1948 sensu HÜTTER (1967) was found to produce the red‐pigment antibiotic leukaemomycin. The antitumor active antibiotic was isolated from the culture broth and purified by ion‐exchange processes. The crude base of leukaemomycin mainly consists of 4 components with biological activity. The base‐complex was separated by counter‐current distribution into the biological active leukaemomycins B1, B2, C, and D. The single components of leukaemomycin were compared with the anthracycline antibiotics daunomycin, dihydrodaunomycin, and adriamycin. The analytical procedures allowed to state the identity of leukaemomycin B1 with rubomycin B, leukaemomycin C with daunomycin, leukaemomycin D with dihydrodaunomycin and allowed to suggest the identity of leukaemomycin B2 with daunosaminyldaunomycin. Formulas and physicochemical data are given. Bio‐assay methods are described to determine leukaemomycin B‐complex beside leukaemomycin C.
Virusartige Partikeln in Hefeprotoplasten. I. Elektronenmikroskopischer Nachweis
Authors: Weber H. , Lindner R. , Franzl E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn ultrathin sections and negatively stained isolates from protoplasts of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae showing abnormal morphology and degeneration phenomena the presence of virus‐like particles within the cells could be demonstrated. The isometric particles have diameters of about 50 nm, the electron dense centre is surrounded by distinct envelope. Protoplasts containing up to 30000 particles could be found. It could be demonstrated that there exists a correlation between the amount of particles and the degree of degeneration of the cellular substructure. Protoplasts with high titres of virus‐like particles obviously undergo lysis. Plaque formation on agar plates could not be seen. It is concluded that the phenomena observed can be compared with cytopathological effects caused by viruses in other cell systems.
Ökologie von Thiobacillus neapolitanus und seine mögliche Mitwirkung im Leaching‐Prozeß
Authors: Goroll D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNeue Selektivmedien für Thiobacillus neapolitanus und T. thioparus sowie Verfahren zur Sulfid‐und rH‐Wert‐Bestimmung werden beschrieben.Ein Verbreitungsmuster des autotrophen T. neapolitanus wird erstellt und seine mögliche Mitwirkung im Leaching‐Prozeß diskutiert.
Characterization of a stable spheroplast type L‐form of Proteus mirabilis D 52 as cell envelope mutant II. Electronmicroscopic investigations
Authors: Gumpert J. , Taubeneck U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe ultrastructural analysis of a stable spheroplast type L‐form of Proteus mirabilis D 52 revealed characteristic alterations in the organization of the cell envelope including defective changes in the cell envelope structure as for instance the loss of a coherent murein layer, the loss of some components in the outer cell wall layer, the formation of small membraneous vesicles at the tips of loose extensions of the cell wall, a decrease in associations and bindings between wall and membrane, an extension of the periplasmic space, an increase in membrane defects, as well as a disturbed cell division causing unusual modes of multiplication and the formation of various intracellular structures like membrane complexes, characteristic sheet‐like membraneous bodies, typical inclusion bodies, and defective phage structures, which all could not be observed in normal rod‐shaped cells.The results of these investigations and of those given in a previous paper (GUMPERT and TAUBENECK 1975) show, that the stable spheroplast type L‐form LD 52 B must be considered as a true cell envelope mutant in which the biosynthesis and structure of the cell envelope is altered genetically by one or several mutations whereas the main biochemical activities are the same like those of the parent bacterium. The profound alterations in the cell envelope system, however, lead to some changes in the whole cell organization, which apparently in turn cause disorders even in metabolic and biosynthetic processes not directly involved in the biosynthesis of the cell envelope.
Proteinkristalle und Tubuli‐Bündel in Hefezellen V. Anreicherung der Kristall‐ und Tubuliproteine bei O2‐Limitation und Anaerobiose
Authors: May R. , Jacob H.‐E. , Müller H. , Meyer H. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis contain proteins assembling to crystals and bundles of tubules (tb) in the cyto‐ and karyoplasm by osmotic shock with hypertonic solutions. The cellular concentration of these proteins is regulated by oxygen pressure during growth. In cells grown at optimal aeration the protein level is low and crystals and tb cannot be induced. After a short period of O2‐limitation or anerobic growth conditions the protein concentration increases and induction of crystals and tb is possible.
Inhibition of acetate and propionate formation upon aeration of resting cells of the anaerobic Propionibacterium shermanii: Evidence on the PASTEUR reaction
Authors: Schwartz A. C. , Mertens Barbara , Voss K. W. , Hahn H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhen resting cell suspensions of the anaerobic P. shermanii were brought to an oxygen concentration of 0.64 μmoles/ml, acid formation was completely inhibited. The cells started to respire on the propionic acid previously accumulated during anaerobiosis. Glucose consumption was concomitantly decreased to about 60 percent of the rate obtained during anaerobiosis. As the viability of the cells was not affected by the transition to aerobic conditions, the changes observed upon aeration were ascribed to the regulatory properties of the Pasteur reaction. Damage inflicted by oxygen was encountered in the rapid inactivation of propionate respiration. This damage outlived the time of oxygenation, and was manifested during the subsequent anaerobiosis in the decreased activity to form propionate. This indicates that oxygen may inactivate one (or more) enzyme(s) involved in the metabolism of propionate. The viability of cells in buffer, and glucose‐containing buffer, was found to be only insignificantly decreased by oxygen in the range from 0 to 500 μmoles of oxygen per g of wet cells.
Manganoxydierende Bakterien II. Erste Untersuchungen an Reinkulturen der Pseudomonas manganoxidans‐Gruppe
Authors: Schweisfurth R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractManganoxydierende Bakterien der Pseudomonas manganoxidans‐Gruppe wurden weiter untersucht. Die Bedingungen der Manganoxydation in Abhängigkeit von pH, Eh, Licht. O2‐Konzentration, von Mn(II)‐Verbindungen und ‐Konzentrationen, von P‐Verbindungen und organischen C + N‐Quellen wurden ermittelt.
Endprodukte der Glucose‐Fermentation von Pasteurella multocida und P. haemolytica
Authors: Flossmann K.‐D. , Feist H. , Erler W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Hauptprodukte der Glucose‐Fermentation von Pasteurella multocida‐ und P. haemolytica‐Stämmen sind Ameisensäure, Essigsäure und Äthanol, die über Brenztraubensäure gebildet werden. Damit ähnelt der Fermentationstyp dieser Spezies der „Gemischte ‐Säuren‐Fermentation”︁ anderer fakultativer Bakterien.
Proteinkristalle und Tubuli‐Bündel in Hefezellen IV. Biochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur Induktion von Kristallen aus Alkoholdehydrogenase (ADH)
Authors: Künkel W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis H 60 synthesize alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in media containing 2% lactat, 1% ethanol or 0.1% glucose. Crystals may be induced in protoplasts of these cells. Increase of glucose concentration in the medium results in diminished ADH synthesis and decreased tendency for crystal formation. Repression of ADH synthesis by glucose results in the formation of a protein (MG 110000 D), the significance of which is discussed.Early stages of crystal formation inside the cell are demonstrated electronmicroscopically. At first dense material accumulates between opposite membranes of neighbouring mitochondria. Within mitochondria frequently membrane bundles occur in close vicinity to crystals. These ADH‐crystals arise from this material.
Salt stimulated respiration of Chlorella fusca
Authors: Löppert H. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractATP contents have been measured before and after addition of KCl (5 mm final concentration) to suspensions of Chlorella in distilled water under different conditions of energy supply. The levels decreased immediately after salt addition and returned to the original values under conditions both of oxidative phosphorylation and of cyclic photophosphorylation, but not under conditions of fermentation. It appears that this decrease in the ATP level is the cause for salt stimulated respiration (S.S.R.)Furthermore, it is shown that cycloheximide and EDTA, which interact with Rb+ uptake (active and ATP‐driven) at low salt concentration, also reduce S.S.R. From this parallelism it is concluded that the ATPase involved in Rb+ uptake at low salt concentration is also responsible for S.S.R at high salt concentration. As S.S.R. provides far more energy than is required for the small influx of ions it is suggested that the ATPase is decoupled by the salt from ion transport.
Wechselwirkungen zwischen Aminoacyl‐tRNS Synthetasen (AAS) und Zellteilung bei einer temperatursensitiven filamentösen Mutante von Bacillus subtilis SB 19. I. Charakterisierung der AAS
Authors: Süss J. , Mach Hiltraut , Mach F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie normale Zellteilung der Mutante ts 33‐6 von Bacillus subtilis SB 19 bei 30 °C und das filamentöse Wachstum bei 46 °C werden von charakteristischen Aktivitätsunterschieden der Aminoacyl‐tRNS Synthetasen (AAS) begleitet. Diese in früheren Arbeiten vorgestellten allgemeinen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen dem Teilungsverhalten und der Aktivität der AAS werden näher charakterisiert.Bei Nachweis von 20 spezifischen AAS konnten in den AAS‐Mustern des Wildstammes SB 19 und der Mutante ts 33‐6 keine gravierenden Unterschiede festgestellt werden. Die AAS der Mutante ts 33‐6 sind bei höheren Temperaturen instabiler als die des Wildstammes SB 19. Die maximale AAS‐Aktivität einer Kultur der Mutante ts 33‐6 unter permissiven Bedingungen wird im ersten Drittel der exponentiellen Phase des Wachstums erreicht.Die Substrate der ATP‐32(PP)i‐Austauschreaktion schützen die AAS der Mutante ts 33‐6 (30 °C) vor der thermischen Inaktivierung. Bei Gelfiltration an Sephadex G‐200 unterscheiden sich die Elutionsmuster der AAS vom Wildstamm SB 19 und der Mutante ts 33‐6, besonders der Cysteinyl‐tRNS Synthetase, wesentlich. Das Molekulargewicht der Cysteinyl‐tRNS Synthetase der Mutante ts 33‐6 (45000 Dalton) läßt das Vorliegen von Enzymuntereinheiten vermuten.Eine zusätzlich erreichte Stimulation der Austauschreaktion durch Präinkubation von Enzymrohextrakten der Mutante ts 33‐6 wird charakterisiert und läßt weitere Rückschlüsse auf die Untereinheitenstruktur der AAS zu. Diese Stimulation der Austauschreaktion durch Präinkubation kann in gereinigten Enzymextrakten der Mutante ts 33‐6 nur noch geringfügig nachgewiesen werden.
Antibiotic NRC‐501, a new antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces spec.
Authors: Abou‐Zeid A. A. , El‐Hamid M. M. Abd , Shehata Y. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new antibiotic NRC‐501 was ioslated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces spec. NRC‐501. Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the antibiotic were studied.
Properties of proteolytic enzymes isolated from a thermophilic strain of Micromonospora vulgaris 42
Authors: Nesterova N. G. , Khokhlova Yu. M. , Loginova L. G. , Tsaplina I. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo proteolytic enzymes, protease A and protease B, were isolated in homogeneous state from the cultural broth of the thermophilic actinomycete Micromonospora vulgaris 42. Their physicochemical properties were studied, i. e., molecular weight (50 000 for protease A and 30 000 for protease B), amino acid composition, N‐terminal amino acids (phenylalanine for protease A and alanine for protease B). The specificity of the action of these enzymes was assayed by splitting the B chain of oxidized insulin. Both enzymes are neutral proteases of the thermolysine type.