bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of ZDDP—An Update
Authors: Spikes Hugh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper describes how research over the last 20 years has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of action of ZDDP, especially with respect to tribofilm formation. We now know that ZDDP tribofilm formation is promoted by applied shear stress and this explains many of the features of these films. We also now recognise that ZDDP tribofilms evolve during rubbing from relatively soft, long chain polyphosphate films to much more wear-resistant, short chain phosphates. Several disadvantages of ZDDPs as lubricant additives have emerged in recent years, in particular their tendency to increase friction in thin film rubbing conditions, their promotion of micropitting wear, and accelerated wear when present together with soot contaminants in engine oils. Research has revealed the origins of all these effects. Over the last 20 years there have been growing efforts to model ZDDP tribofilm formation, both at a macro- and molecular-scale, so far with limited success. Finally, this paper outlines some aspects of ZDDP behaviour that we still do not fully understand and where further research is needed.

Graphical Abstract
Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy in patients with diabetic kidney disease: a matched cohort study
Authors: Vestersager Sofus Valentin , Skov-Jeppesen Sune Moeller , Yderstraede Knud Bonnet , Bistrup Claus , Jensen Boye L. , Lund Lars 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT) is a potential novel treatment against diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The present study investigates the longer term effects of LI-ESWT on kidney function in patients with DKD.

Methods
This matched cohort study included 28 patients with DKD, who received six sessions of LI-ESWT. Patients were matched 1:5 with patients from the Funen Diabetes Database. Multivariable adjusted eGFR and ACR were analyzed using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression. The primary outcomes were ACR and eGFR measured at 3, 6, 12, and 18 month follow-up. Secondary analyses with patients stratified for sex, age, baseline eGFR, and baseline ACR were made for the multivariable adjusted values of eGFR and ACR.

Results
No significant difference in multivariable adjusted ACR or eGFR was found at 18 months. The intervention group showed a non-significant decrease in adjusted eGFR (1.83 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower, p = 0.15) and ACR (14%, p = 0,56). Stratified results revealed lower eGFR in patients > 60 years 3.64 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.03) and those with baseline ACR ≤ 300 mg/g (3.64 mL/min/1.73, p = 0.007).

Conclusion
LI-ESWT did not demonstrate overall statistically significant effects on eGFR and ACR at 3, 6, 12, or 18 months. However, secondary analyses suggest possible effects in certain subgroups. Clinical studies with larger samples are needed to clarify the efficacy of LI-ESWT in specific DKD patient subgroups.

Trial Registration The trial was prospectively registered July 31, 2015, at ClinicalTrials.gov with registration number NCT02515461.
Causal relationships between university students’ social media use and subjective well-being in Japan: Examination through two-wave panel survey
Authors: Ye Shaoyu , Ho Kevin K. W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examined the causal relationships between university students’ social media use (e.g., LINE, Twitter (X), Instagram) and their subjective well-being (SWB) in Japan, considering the effects of gender and academic standing. Between May 2021 and May 2022, a two-wave panel survey of university students enrolled in the Kanto region of Japan was conducted. The cross-lagged effects model analysis clarified the following results: (1) Overall, the amount of time spent using LINE decreased the participants’ SWB, which was significant among first-year students. (2) Female students’ amount of time spent using Instagram tended to improve their SWB. (3) SWB had a negative effect on posting frequency on Twitter overall and among male students. (4) Lower SWB led third-year students to use Twitter longer. Data were collected during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and further analyses were conducted to clarify whether this affected the results. SWB had marginally negative effects on anxiety toward COVID-19 among male Instagram users and female Twitter users. In contrast, anxiety toward COVID-19 had a marginally weak negative effect on SWB among third-year students who used Twitter. These findings suggest that the relationship with SWB may differ according to the type of social media used. These relationships are not limited to specific periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, improving the SWB of the younger generations could help prevent excessive Twitter usage. Future education on social media use should consider how social media types affect different causal relationships with SWB among young adults, including the effects of gender and academic standing.
Nun aber wirklich mehr Einfluss auf die Weltpolitik: BRICS+ im Zeitalter der Polykrise
Authors: Brosig Malte 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Der Ansatz der Polykrise wird häufig mit einem Verfall multilateraler Ordnung assoziiert und die BRICS+ als Herausforderer der liberalen Weltordnung gesehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund kann die BRICS+-Gruppe als Beschleuniger einer vielgliedrigen Weltordnung angesehen werden, die sowohl herausfordernde als auch ergänzende Elemente zur bestehenden Ordnung enthält. Der Beitrag beleuchtet den Einfluss der BRICS+-Gruppe auf die Weltordnung am Beispiel des Krieges gegen die Ukraine, der Teil der Polykrise ist.
Defining the form of the Earth with the help of pendulums in 1765–1815
Authors: Nyblom Jukka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The article treats the first 50 years’ history of the use of the seconds pendulum for defining the form of the earth. It starts at the late 18th century and continues to the early 19th century. Section 2 derives the relationship between gravity at a given latitude and the length of the simple pendulum at the same latitude. Then Sect. 3 deals with the relationship between the gravitational flattening and the geometrical flattening known as Clairaut’s formula. Sects. 4–6 report the historical data analyses made by Lambert, Laplace and Hällström. The Appendix explains the statistical methods applied to pendulum data and provides the list of data sources.
Cell-level deep learning as proxy model for reservoir simulation and production forecasting
Authors: Magalhães Rafael M. , Machado Thiago J. , Santos Moisés D. , Oliveira Gustavo P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Optimizing strategies in the Oil and Gas Industry, particularly within reservoir engineering and management, remains a significant challenge due to the prohibitive computational time costs and high resource demands of current simulation methods, even for medium-sized reservoirs. Notably, existing scientific approaches have not leveraged Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for fine-grained predictions at the grid-cell level. This thesis introduces a novel approach that integrates DNNs with a Design of Experiments framework to develop a proxy model for reservoir simulation software. The methodology includes a robust feature selection process, model design, and training strategy, supplemented by comprehensive statistical evaluations and graphical tools. The proposed proxy models are validated using four distinct industrial scenarios based on the SPE9 black oil benchmark, incorporating production and injection wells across diverse temporal samples. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in computational efficiency without compromising accuracy, achieving over 80% accuracy across all scenarios, and reaching up to 99.9% under specific conditions. These findings highlight the potential of DNN-based proxy models to transform reservoir management practices, offering a scalable and resource-efficient alternative to traditional numerical simulations.
Beyond the city limits: perceptions of pre-service teachers undertaking professional experience in regional, rural and remote schools
Authors: Harris Marnie , Rhodes David , Gray Christina , Vernon Lynette 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Australia’s regional, rural and remote (RRR) areas face persistent teacher shortages, presenting ongoing challenges for schools and education systems. Pre-service and newly graduated teachers represent a potential resource for addressing these shortages, yet many complete their initial teacher training without exposure to RRR schools. Framed by Bronfenbrenner and Morris’s Bioecological Theory of Human Development, this qualitative study explores the current perspectives of pre-service teachers (PSTs) who have undertaken professional experiences in RRR areas. Findings show PSTs’ experience success when they encounter positive multifaceted support, particularly from their mentor teacher and financial assistance. Furthermore, experiences are enhanced when PSTs utilise prior knowledge and preparation, exhibit personal attributes advantageous for undertaking such experience and explore the positive nuances of RRR living. Conversely, the study findings identify areas requiring improvement, including enhanced mentorship, increased financial support, time constraints, and strategies to overcome negative perceptions of RRR areas. Through qualitative analysis, this research amplifies the voices of PSTs, garnering a comprehensive understanding of their experiences in RRR areas. Based on these insights, the study offers recommendations to overcome existing barriers to PST engagement in RRR schools.
Should we stop talking about “democracy”? Conceptual abandonment and the perils of political discourse
Authors: Koch Steffen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In his recent book, The Concept of Democracy: An Essay on Conceptual Amelioration and Abandonment (OUP, 2023) Herman Cappelen argues that we should abandon the concept of democracy, and hence stop using the words “democracy” and “democratic.” In the course of developing his arguments for this surprising claim, Cappelen also offers a more general theory of what kind of reasons count in favor of abandoning a concept. In this paper, which is part of a book symposium on Cappelen’s book, I review and criticize both his theory of abandonment and his case for abandoning the concept of democracy. I argue that Cappelen’s abandonment theory is inconclusive and that his case for abandoning the concept of democracy is unconvincing.
Infrared radiation characteristics of an aero-engine binary plug nozzle with various slot cooling configurations
Authors: Song Y. , Yang Q. , Shi Y. , Xiang H. , Chen L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For binary plug nozzle, the plug cone is exposed to high-temperature mainstream flow, making it one of the nozzle’s high-temperature components. This paper uses the Realizable k-ε turbulence model and the reverse Monte Carlo method to numerically investigate the aerodynamic and infrared radiation characteristics of the plug nozzle. Various slot cooling configurations were adopted to study the nozzle’s infrared radiation in detail. Results indicate that compared to the baseline nozzle, the plug nozzle’s performance is slightly reduced due to the decrease in effective area of flow over the plug cone. Introducing slot cooling at the rear edge provides significant infrared suppression benefits at low detection angles and notably reduces infrared radiation discrepancy with baseline nozzle at high detection angles. The cooling air from slots causes the nozzle jet to exhibit a ‘thermal layered’ feature. With the same total coolant mass flow, the ‘leading edge + trailing edge’ cooling configuration can lower the area-averaged wall temperature of the plug cone by 5.5% – 12.3%. However, its infrared radiation intensity at each detection angle on the pitch detection plane is higher than that of the ‘trailing edge’ configuration. The significance of leading-edge cooling is focused more on thermal protection for the plug. Thus, it is essential to balance coolant mass flow distribution between infrared radiation suppression and thermal protection.
China’s Outward Investment in Europe during the “Go Out” Policy Years: Trends, Drivers, and Strategies in the Automotive Industry, 2000–2018
Authors: Jia-Zheng Yuan , Binda Veronica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines China’s outward investment in the European automotive industry since the late twentieth century. By mapping and analyzing the main investment operations, we argue that private companies played a key role in the internationalization of the Chinese automotive sector. Chinese state-owned enterprises took part, especially in the initial stages of international expansion. Our contribution also analyzes the pattern of internationalization followed by Chinese companies, arguing that it differed from the one followed by well-established automotive firms in advanced economies during previous decades. The findings reveal that achieving the most advanced technology was the key driver of outward investment decisions. However, Chinese investors’ strategy was not uniform; it was flexible and varied significantly depending on the European country and the size of the company targeted. Furthermore, Chinese government industrial policies greatly influenced the international strategies of both state-owned and private companies, particularly the “Go Out” policy.
Northern range extension of the fortune jack Seriola peruana (Actinopterygii: Carangidae), with comments on its distribution in the Gulf of California
Authors: Romo-Curiel A. E. , Rubio-Rodríguez U. , Ramírez-Mendoza Z. , González-Acosta A. F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The fortune jack (Seriola peruana), a pelagic fish typically found along the Tropical Eastern Pacific, has been recorded in the northernmost Gulf of California (GC) region. The first record in the Upper Gulf and habitat expansion of S. peruana is reported based on the meristic, morphometric, and biological data of three specimens caught by local artisanal fishermen in April 2024. The lack of commercial value likely explains the region's absence of records for this species. The increased presence of S. peruana distribution in the Upper GC could have significant ecological implications, which warrants further fish habitat use and climate change research.
The association between cannabis and depression: an updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Churchill Victoria , Chubb Caroline Sutton , Popova Lucy , Spears Claire A. , Pigott Terri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Cannabis is one of the most commonly used drugs globally, although its legal status varies across regions. Public support for its decriminalization has increased, but gaps in our understanding of the health consequences of cannabis use remain, particularly related to its impact on mental health. This article provides an updated systematic review and meta-analysis (previous being Lev-Ran et al., 2014) looking at the relationship between cannabis and depression.

Methods
Literature available before March 2023 was screened for longitudinal studies that included cannabis use and depression. Cross-sectional studies and those only looking at special populations were excluded. Studies must have also controlled for depression at baseline to allow for investigation of a temporal relationship. Extracted data included cannabis measures, depression outcomes, adjusted odds ratios, and study settings. Meta-analysis employed a random effects model with multilevel meta-regression for effect size moderators.

Results
The search yielded 1,599 titles from various databases, resulting in 22 studies for meta-analysis, including 14 from Lev-Ran et al. Eleven studies were US-based, with participants mostly under 18. Meta-analysis showed a higher risk of depression among cannabis users (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.13–1.46). Risk of bias assessment showed medium risk across studies with exposure measurement being a key bias area. The funnel plot and Egger’s Sandwich test did not suggest publication bias.

Conclusions
This study underscores the association between cannabis use and depression but also emphasizes the need for further research, especially in understanding usage patterns, heavy use definitions, and long-term effects on depression risk amidst changing cannabis trends.
The longitudinal relationship between psychological symptoms and social functioning in displaced refugees
Authors: Nickerson Angela , Kurt Gulsah , Liddell Belinda , Keegan David , Nandyatama Randy , Yuanita Atika , Argadianti Rachmah Rizka , Hoffman Joel , Kashyap Shraddha , Mastrogiovanni Natalie , Mai Vivian , Camilleri Anna , Susanty Dessy , Tricesaria Diah , Rostami Hasti , Im Jenny , Gurzeda Marta , Khakbaz Mitra , Funnell Sarah , Pestalozzi Zico , Specker Philippa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Refugee experiences of trauma and displacement can significantly disrupt established social networks. While social functioning has been routinely associated with mental health, to our knowledge, no study has tested the direction of influence between social and psychological functioning within displaced refugee communities. This study investigated the temporal association between psychological symptoms (PTSD, depression, anger) and multiple facets of social functioning (including community connectedness, perceived social responsibility, positive social support and negative social support).

Method
A culturally diverse sample of refugees (N = 1,235) displaced in Indonesia completed an online survey at four time-points, six months apart. Longitudinal structural equation modelling was used to investigate the temporal ordering between psychological symptoms and social functioning.

Results
Findings revealed that greater psychological symptoms were associated with a subsequent deterioration in social functioning (decreased positive social support and community connectedness and increased negative social support and perceived social responsibility). Greater perceived social responsibility was also associated with subsequent increases in psychological symptoms, while positive social support and community connectedness were bi-directionally associated over-time.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the potential utility of mental health interventions for displaced refugees as a means to improve social functioning and inclusion with host communities. Findings have important implications in guiding the development of interventions and allocation of resources to support refugee engagement and wellbeing in displacement contexts.
Friendship beyond death: Narratives from ancient China
Authors: Wang Frédéric 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Friendship occupies the last place in the five social relations in the Confucian tradition, yet it plays an important role in Confucian writings. In this article, I discuss the notion of friendship that lasts beyond death from ancient China. I examine how the friendship between Bo Ya and Zhong Ziqi finds its continuation in that of Fan Shi and Zhang Shao, insofar as one of the two friends dies in both cases. These friendly bonds are tinged with a tragic tone and have fueled the imagination of the Chinese who sublimate or amplify them in all kinds of literary genres – poetry, theater, and novel – dating back to the pre-imperial period and to the Han Dynasty. All the authors underscore the faithfulness of these characters, which they consider to be the characters’ virtue. They also emphasize the spiritual link that transcends life and death. Based on the translation of these well-known and celebrated narratives, I intend to show how the exemplary nature of friendship is enhanced or mythologized, and how intertextuality has shaped the Chinese vocabulary itself in this regard.
Longitudinal assessment of left ventricular function and remodelling following surgical replacement of aortic valve in young patients with aortic valve dysfunction: a pilot study
Authors: Bhatia Snigdha , Kadiu Gilda , Singh Gautam , Aggarwal Sanjeev 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Surgical prosthetic aortic valve replacement has been used for the management of aortic valve dysfunction. Studies in adults after aortic valve replacement report decreased left ventricular function in the early post-operative period. We hypothesised that young adults with aortic valve dysfunction who undergo aortic valve replacement may have incomplete recovery of left ventricular systolic function. This was a retrospective single-centre pilot study of patients with surgical aortic valve replacement at our institution over 20 years. Echocardiograms were analysed pre-operatively, at discharge, 1-year, and 5-year follow-up. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed using fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Speckle tracking measurements were performed for four-chamber longitudinal strain and peak systolic circumferential strain. Repeated-measure ANOVA (SPSS Inc.) was used for analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Our cohort included 15 subjects (age 19.1 ± 9.0 years, 73% male). Left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area significantly improved (63.5 ± 25.3 pre-operatively to 41.2 ± 13.1 at 5 years, p = 0.009). Left ventricular longitudinal and circumferential strain measures deteriorated in the early post-operative period compared to pre-aortic valve replacement (−18.2 ± 3.4 versus −11.8 ± 3.3, p = 0.00) and (−25.1 ± 5.4 versus −18.9 ± 5.4, p = 0.06). Longitudinal strain continued to be abnormal at the 1- and 5-year follow-up compared to baseline. Children and young adults undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic valve dysfunction had a decrease in left ventricular systolic function by strain imaging in the early post-operative period and abnormalities persisted on 5-year follow-up.
The Effect of Personality Traits and Flight Experience on Pilots’ Cognitive and Affective Responses to Simulated In-Flight Hazards
Authors: Chen Jiayu , Landman Annemarie , Stroosma Olaf , van Paassen M. M. , Mulder Max 
Published: February 2025

Abstract: We investigated the effect of personality traits and flight experience on pilot cognitive and affective responses across seven startling and surprising scenarios performed in motion-based simulators. A dataset of 89 airline pilots from four studies was used. The personality traits measured were trait anxiety, decision-related action orientation (AOD), and failure-related action orientation (AOF). Pilot self-reported responses in scenarios were standardized by obtaining z scores of startle, surprise, stress, and mental workload. Only trait anxiety was found to be significantly positively correlated with stress. No significant effects of AOD, AOF, or flight hours were found on pilots’ responses. The results indicate trait anxiety may affect pilots’ responses to stressful scenarios, even though pilots are selected based on low trait anxiety.