bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geopolymer as well cement and the variation of its mechanical behavior with curing temperature
Authors: Nasvi Mohamed M.C. , Gamage Ranjith P. , Jay Sanjayan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAnthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are a major problem for all nations, and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration is one of the best practical solutions to reduce greenhouse gases. A large amount of CO2 is injected through sequestration wells into injection reservoirs. The injection wells play an important role; well integrity is an important part of any CO2 sequestration projects and well cement is the key to maintaining well integrity. To date, Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)‐based well cement has been used and there are many problems associated with this, including cement degradation, durability issues, and sustenance in acid‐rich environments. Therefore, this paper aims to study geopolymer as a well cement and the variation of its mechanical properties with different curing temperatures. Temperatures from ambient level (23 °C) up to 80 °C were considered, as well cement undergoes a range of temperatures from the ground surface to deep underground with a geothermal gradient of 30 °C/km. Stress‐strain variations and crack propagation stress thresholds were studied using stress‐strain and acoustic emission (AE) methods, and failure strain and orientation were studied using ARAMIS photogrammetry software for samples cured at different curing temperatures. The results show that the optimal curing temperature for higher strength is 60 °C; Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio generally increase with curing temperature. In general, crack closure, crack initiation, and crack damage thresholds increase with curing temperature. ARAMIS image capture showed that failure modes of low‐temperature cured samples are diagonal, whereas elevated‐temperature cured samples start to fail at the top and bottom compression plates. In addition, low‐temperature cured samples exhibit higher strain (6–8%) at failure, while elevated‐temperature cured samples exhibit low strain (0.8–3.5%) at failure. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The crystal structure of (1E,2E)‐2,2′‐dipyridylglyoxime
Authors: Sabaté Carles Miró , Delalu Henri 
Published: October 2011

Abstract(1E,2E)‐2,2′‐dipyridylglyoxime (1) was synthesized by a literature method involving the reaction of 2,2′‐pyridyl with an excess of hydroxylammonium chloride and sodium hydroxide in distilled water. 1 was characterized by elemental analysis, melting point, mass spectrometry, and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy. In addition, the crystal structure of 1 was determined by low temperature X‐ray analysis. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with four formula units in the unit cell and the following unit cell parameters: a = 6.269(1) Å, b = 10.258(1) Å, c = 9.132(1) Å, β = 107.59(1)°, and V = 559.7(1) Å3. Strong OċN hydrogen bonds link the molecules of 1, forming three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded networks; whereas the unclassical CċO hydrogen bonds result in the formation of C1,1(9) and C2,2(18) infinite chains and dimmer pairs with the graph‐set descriptor R2,2(16). Lastly, the structure of 1 was fully optimized using DFT calculations (B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p)) and the NBO and Mulliken charges were calculated at the same level of theory. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:59–65, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20752
Evaluation of a biodegradable novel periosteal distractor
Authors: Zakaria Osama , Kon Kazuhiro , Kasugai Shohei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe developed a new device composed of a thin biodegradable mesh (poly‐L‐lactide/hydroxyapatite composite) for distracting periosteum. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of using this device as a periosteal distractor.Materials and Methods:Eight Japanese male rabbits were divided into two groups according to time of sacrifice. The calvarial periosteum was elevated and one side of a biodegradable mesh was fixed to the bone surface with two titanium screws. Seven days after the surgery, an elevating screw was inserted into the other side of the mesh. Then, the calvarial periosteum was elevated at maximum 0.5 mm every 12 h for 5 days. The device was designed to distract the periosteum at different rates along its entire surface. At 4 and 6 weeks of the consolidation, the animals were sacrificed and newly formed bone was histologically and radiographically evaluated.Results:The new device simplified periosteal distraction and reduced its invasiveness. Moreover, it successfully induced new bone formation from two sources; the periosteum and the underlying basal bone. Histomorphometric analysis of the distracted space showed that there is a relation between the rate of distraction and the amount of newly formed bone. We suggest that the optimal speed range for periosteal distraction in rabbit calvarial model could be less than 0.33 mm/day.Conclusions:The new device is slim, biodegradable and the procedure is simple. Thus, periosteal distraction with this device is potential for vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation in oral cavity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Creating a web‐based incident analysis and communication system
Authors: Marsal Scott , Heffner John E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hospitals perform root cause analyses (RCA) and implement action plans for sentinel events (SE) to prevent similar adverse events. Dissemination of RCA action plans between hospitals has been limited by an absence of universal definitions of terms and classification frameworks, which have been recently proposed by the World Health Organization's International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS). Tools do not exist, however, to assist hospitals in performing SE reviews aligned with the ICPS framework.METHODS:We developed an intranet‐based decision support tool that aligns SE reviews with the ICPS framework, and captures SEs and action plans into a searchable database for aggregate reporting. Its structural elements include: 1) encrypted database on a secure server; 2) decision support resources that align SE analyses with the ICPS classification; 3) drop‐down lists and help tools to standardize input; 4) standardized individual and aggregate SE reports that vary depending on recipients; 5) real‐time access to Web‐based RCA resources; 6) fishbone diagramming; and 7) query functions for database searches.RESULTS:Entry of 15 SE reports into the database framework identified gaps in our previous reviews. Safety personnel and health system leadership have expressed positive assessments of the database and approved funding for evaluation of system‐wide implementation.DISCUSSION:Expansion of our database to all safety incidents beyond SEs provides a resource for communicating safety opportunities between hospitals. We demonstrate how the ICPS classifications can be migrated into a decision support tool that has potential for standardizing root cause analyses, disseminating action plans, and improving patient safety. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012;. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labeled pregabalin
Authors: Shen Zucheng , Wu Wenchao , Wang Wei , Chen Liqin 
Published: October 2011

This paper describes the synthesis of deuterium‐labeled pregabalin. The stable isotopic‐labeled compound was obtained in nine steps starting from the commercially available 4‐[2H11]methylvaleric acid as the stable‐labeled reagent. It is used as an internal standard for analysis and metabolic studies.Pregabalin labeled with 2H was obtained in nine steps using the commercially available 4‐[2H11]methylvaleric acid as the stable‐labeled reagent. The synthesis prevents deuterium from scrambling and offers the labeled compound with over 99% isotopic enrichment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of chorea
Authors: Edwards Thomas C. , Zrinzo Ludvic , Limousin Patricia , Foltynie Tom 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDeep brain stimulation has been used as a means of reducing dyskinesias in various conditions, including Parkinson's disease and dystonia for many years. Recently, owing to the clinical similarities between L‐dopa induced dyskinesia and chorea, deep brain stimulation has now been implemented as a novel treatment method in both Huntington's disease and neuroacanthocytosis, and a paucity of case studies exist reporting its efficacy. This review will summarize the case studies of deep brain stimulation in both Huntington's disease and neuroacanthocytosis, and discuss the possible implications and limitations associated with these reports. As both these disorders are often refractory to medication and difficult to treat, deep brain stimulation may be a useful treatment option in the future. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Doorway‐provoked freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cowie Dorothy , Limousin Patricia , Peters Amy , Hariz Marwan , Day Brian L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFreezing of gait in Parkinson's disease can be difficult to study in the laboratory. Here we investigate the use of a variable‐width doorway to provoke freeze behavior together with new objective methods to measure it. With this approach we compare the effects of anti‐parkinsonian treatments (medications and deep‐brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus) on freezing and other gait impairments. Ten “freezers” and 10 control participants were studied. Whole‐body kinematics were measured while participants walked at preferred speed in each of 4 doorway conditions (no door present, door width at 100%, 125%, and 150% of shoulder width) and in 4 treatment states (offmeds/offstim, offmeds/onstim, onmeds/offstim, onmeds/onstim). With no doorway, the Parkinson's group showed characteristic gait disturbances including slow speed, short steps, and variable step timing. Treatments improved these disturbances. The Parkinson's group slowed further at doorways by an amount inversely proportional to door width, suggesting a visuomotor dysfunction. This was not improved by either treatment alone. Finally, freeze‐like events were successfully provoked near the doorway and their prevalence significantly increased in narrower doorways. These were defined clinically and by 2 objective criteria that correlated well with clinical ratings. The risk of freeze‐like events was reduced by medication but not by deep‐brain stimulation. Freeze behavior can be provoked in a replicable experimental setting using the variable‐width doorway paradigm, and measured objectively using 2 definitions introduced here. The differential effects of medication and deep‐brain stimulation on the gait disturbances highlight the complexity of Parkinsonian gait disorders and their management. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
A Continuous‐Flow Polymerization Microprocess with Online GPC and Inline Polymer Recovery by Micromixer‐Assisted Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Bally Florence , Serra Christophe A. , Brochon Cyril , Anton Nicolas , Vandamme Thierry , Hadziioannou Georges 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA microplant, starting from monomers to produce polymer particles, is described and integrates polymerization reaction, polymer analysis and nanoparticle formation in a single continuous‐flow microprocess. Original contribution is brought by online polymer analysis and inline polymer nanoprecipitation. Multi‐detection GPC of samples taken at the outlet of the microreactor actually enables the characterization of linear and branched polymers by combining a concentration‐ and a mass‐sensitive detection technique. When the steady state of the microreactor is reached, micromixer‐assisted nanoprecipitation of the polymer solution follows, leading to a colloidal suspension of nanoparticles with a narrow particle size distribution. Particle sizes, around 100 nm, can be tuned by process parameters.magnified image
‘It's More Scary Not to Know’: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Information Needs of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus at the Time of Diagnosis
Authors: Waldron Nicola , Brown Sue , Hewlett Sarah , Elliott Barbara , McHugh Neil , McCabe Candy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the information needs of patients newly diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), to inform the design of a future education package.MethodsFocus groups were conducted in seven rheumatology centres in the UK with 43 purposively selected participants. Data were subjected to thematic inductive analysis.ResultsThe first major theme, ‘Impact of early information’, describes how for many individuals information was scant and, as most had little prior knowledge of lupus, the information was difficult to absorb, leaving them with feelings of fear and confusion. ‘Information received versus information sought’ (theme 2) describes how few participants felt they had received clear, consistent information. For most, information was felt to be insufficient, forcing them to seek it elsewhere, which, if unsuitable, resulted in further distress. ‘Early education needs’ (theme 3) reflects that patients would rather be informed of potential problems than remain naïve. Patients felt that receiving a comprehensive information pack as an adjunct to verbal information from their clinician would be helpful, along with rapid access to knowledgeable professionals when they were ready to ask questions about their lupus.ConclusionsParticipants stated information and support currently provided at diagnosis is inadequate for their needs. They would like detailed information, provided through a variety of formats. Crucially this should be supported by professionals and available at whatever point in the patient's journey they want to access such discussions .The challenge is for health professionals to meet these needs in the most beneficial and cost effective way. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Meyer‐Neldel rule in layered silicone‐silver nanocomposites
Authors: Yildiz A. , Iacomi F. , Cazacu M. , Amironesei A. , Rusu G.I. , Simon S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractX‐Ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, applied on some silicone‐silver nanocomposites, revealed the influence of the solvent used in preparation on the morphology of the resulted materials. It has been emphasized that dimethylformamide solvent favors the formation of silver nanoparticles and their migration at the surface, while water solvent favors the formation of a homogeneous composite with small silver nanoparticles. The places occupied by Ag nanoparticles (some prevent their oxidation and others that favor the oxidation process) are dependent on the mixture used in sol‐gel technique and have influence on the nanocomposite electrical conductivity. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity is investigated. A linear relationship between the pre‐exponential factor (σ0) and activation energy (Ea) was observed, in the high temperature range (T > 315 K), for all the samples, indicating that the conductivity data obey Meyer‐Neldel rule. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Removal of hazardous by radiation‐synthesized copolymer hydrogels based on 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid and 2‐dimethyaminoethyl methacrylate monomers
Authors: El‐Din Horia M. M. Nizam , Bary Elsayed M. Abdel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSuperabsorbent copolymer hydrogels were prepared by gamma irradiation of aqueous solutions of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and 2‐dimethyaminoethyl methacrylate (DEMA) monomers mixtures. The thermal stability of hydrogels was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The ability to adsorb Cu2+ ions and dyes by the prepared hydrogels from aqueous solutions was investigated. The swelling study, in water, showed that the hydrogels based on pure AMPS monomer and AMPS/DEMA copolymers reached the equilibrium state after 6 h. However, the hydrogel based on pure AMPS monomer showed higher swelling than the copolymer hydrogels based on AMPS/DEMA. It was found that the copolymer hydrogels based on different compositions showed affinity to absorb Cu2+ metal ions as well as basic and acid dyes; however, this affinity was found to decrease with increasing the ratio of DEMA in the initial feeding solutions. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Controllable synthesis and characterization of alumina/MWNT nanocomposites
Authors: Németh Zoltán , Markó Kata , Erdőhelyi András , Forró László , Hernadi Klara 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe aim of this work is to develop a controllable synthesis pathway which produces a stable alumina layer on the surface of carbon nanotubes by impregnation method. Precursor compounds such as aluminium isopropoxide and aluminium‐acetyl‐acetonate were used to cover the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) under different solvent conditions. As‐prepared alumina coverages were characterized by TEM, SEM, SEM‐EDX, TG and X‐ray diffraction techniques. Results revealed that homogeneous coverage can be achieved in a controllable way.
Size‐induced structural transition in ZnO prismatic nanoparticles
Authors: Tuoc Vu Ngoc , Huan Tran Doan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report a first‐principles study on several series of zinc oxide prismatic nanoparticles (NPs) with triangular and hexagonal cross‐section geometries and various diameters up to 2.4 nm. Structural and electronic properties of the NPs are calculated using density functional theory, focusing on the effects induced by the surfaces reconstruction and the quantum sizes of the structures. We have observed a transition from the rocksalt structure for short NPs to the wurtzite structure for long NPs. These two structures are found to correspond to two mechanisms of surface stabilization, which are also observed in short and long NPs. For short NPs, the surfaces are stabilized by merging two polar facets of each layer into one while for long NPs, an “effective charge transfer” between two outer base surfaces is the key mechanism for surface stabilization. Effects of sizes and surfaces on electronic properties of the structures, e.g., the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap, are examined to support the discussion of the structural transition and the polar surface stability.
Influence of Pd‐Au/MWCNTs surface treatment on catalytic activity in the formic acid electrooxidation
Authors: Malolepszy Artur , Mazurkiewicz Marta , Mikolajczuk Anna , Stobinski Leszek , Borodzinski Andrzej , Mierzwa Boguslaw , Lesiak Beata , Zemek Josef , Jiricek Petr 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInfluence of different treatments of Pd‐Au/MWCNTs prepared by a modified polyol microwave‐assisted method on the morphology and the catalytic activity in the formic acid electrooxidation was investigated. The following standard treatments were applied to purify the metal particles surface from the carbonaceous deposits formed from ethyl glycol adsorbed on the catalyst after the preparation: 1. annealing in air at 300 °C, 2. annealing in air at 300 °C and then reduction in 5%H2/Ar at 200 °C, 3. reduction in 5%H2/Ar at 200 °C. Surprisingly, the most catalytically active sample was that without additional purification treatments. The TEM, XRD and electron spectroscopy methods were applied to characterise the catalysts. Two Pdx Au1–x phases are present in all catalysts. The treatment number 1 and 2 caused: 1. partial removing of the carbonaceous deposits from the metal surface, 2. increases metal particle sizes, 3. decreases of Pd rich phase content, 4. increases ratio of Au to Pd in the catalyst surface layer. Treatment number 4 did not change significantly the sample morphology but decreased its catalytic activity in formic acid fuel cell. It can be due oligomerization of carbon deposits during thermal treatment in reducing (H2) atmosphere (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ferrimagnetic ZnFe2O4 thin films on SrTiO3 single crystals with highly tunable electrical conductivity
Authors: Lorenz Michael , Brandt Matthias , Mexner Katja , Brachwitz Kerstin , Ziese Michael , Esquinazi Pablo , Hochmuth Holger , Grundmann Marius 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe electrical conductivity of zinc ferrite (ZFO) thin films can be tuned over 7 orders of magnitude. The conductivity is thermally induced with two activation energies around 40–55 meV and 70–130 meV. Doping of the ZFO films with 1 at% Si or Ge further increases the conductivity. The magnetic hysteresis shows coercive fields of about 0.01 T and high saturation magnetization up to 300 emu/cm3 at 300 K. The electronic Hall mobility and carrier concentration at high magnetic fields are about 0.07 cm2/V s and 1.2 × 1020 cm–3 at room temperature, respectively, which indicates a hopping dominated conductivity. The out‐of‐plane orientation of the ZFO films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition is (001) on SrTiO3(001) and (111) on SrTiO3(111).magnified imageThe resistivity of ZnFe2O4 thin films on SrTiO3 is tunable over 7 orders of magnitude by the PLD growth parameters and doping with group IV elements.(© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hybrid Au–CdSe and Ag–CdSe Nanoflowers and Core–Shell Nanocrystals via One‐Pot Heterogeneous Nucleation and Growth
Authors: AbouZeid Khaled M. , Mohamed Mona B. , El‐Shall M. Samy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA general approach, based on heterogeneous nucleation and growth of CdSe nanostructures on Au or Ag nanocrystals, for the synthesis of Au–CdSe and Ag–CdSe hybrid nanostructures is developed. The new approach provides a versatile one‐pot route for the synthesis of hybrid nanoflowers consisting of a gold or silver core and multipod CdSe rods or an intact CdSe shell with controlled thickness, depending on the nucleation and growth parameters. At lower growth temperatures such as 150 °C, the CdSe clusters are adsorbed on the surface of the metal cores in their surface defects, then multiple arms and branches form, resulting in nanoflower‐shaped hybrid structures. Increasing the size of the metal core through the choice of the reducing and capping agents results in an improvement of the interface between the metal and CdSe domains, producing core–shell structures. The growth temperature appears to be the most important factor determining the nature of the interface between the metal and CdSe domains. At relatively high temperatures such as 300 °C, the formation of large, faceted Au cores creates preferential growth sites for the CdSe nanocrystalline shell, thus resulting in well‐defined Au–CdSe core–shell structures with large interfaces between the Au and CdSe domains. The present approach is expected to foster systematic studies of the electronic structures and optical properties of the metal–semiconductor hybrid materials for potential applications in photovoltaic and nanoelectronic devices.