bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective BOLD responses to individual finger movement measured with fMRI at 3T
Authors: Olman Cheryl A. , Pickett Kristen A. , Schallmo Michael‐Paul , Kimberley Teresa J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAlthough the gross somatotopic organization of the posterior bank of the precentral gyrus is well established, a fine scale organization of the representations of the digits of the hand has not been fully characterized. Previous neuroimaging studies have failed to find clear evidence for a specificity of digit representations in motor cortex, but rather report a distributed network of control. Reported here are the results of two experiments; in Experiment 1 a sequential finger tapping task produced strong blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the contralateral precentral gyrus, but there was a lack of specificity for distinguishing individual representations. A randomly ordered task did accomplish this goal. In the second experiment, a randomly ordered finger‐tapping task was used and the findings demonstrated BOLD responses in clusters of voxels specific to movement of a single digit. The region of interest defined for each digit comprised several noncontiguous clusters. A “selectivity index” was developed to quantify the magnitude of the BOLD response to the movement of a specific digit, relative to BOLD response associated with movement of other digits. Strong evidence of BOLD selectivity (albeit not exclusivity) was found in the hemisphere contralateral to the cued digit; however, there was no evidence for an orderly spatial topography. These findings demonstrate that a selectivity of activation is quantifiable, supports a theory of noncontiguous distribution of control, and provides a method for comparing between healthy and impaired populations and investigating changes following training or intervention. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Engagement of amygdala in third‐person view of face‐to‐face interaction
Authors: Kujala Miiamaaria V. , Carlson Synnöve , Hari Riitta 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHumans often watch interactions between other people without taking part in the interaction themselves. Strikingly little is, however, known about how gestures and expressions of two interacting humans are processed in the observer's brain, since the study of social cues has mostly focused on the perception of solitary humans. To investigate the neural underpinnings of the third‐person view of social interaction, we studied brain activations of subjects who observed two humans either facing toward or away from each other. Activations within the amygdala, posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) were sensitive to the interactional position of the observed people and distinguished humans facing toward from humans facing away. The amygdala was most sensitive to face‐to‐face interaction and did not differentiate the humans facing away from the pixelated control figures, whereas the pSTS dissociated both human stimuli from the pixel figures. The results of the amygdala reactivity suggest that, in addition to regulating interpersonal distance towards oneself, the amygdala is involved in the assessment of the proximity between two other persons. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurodegeneration in friedreich's ataxia is associated with a mixed activation pattern of the brain. A fMRI study
Authors: Ginestroni Andrea , Diciotti Stefano , Cecchi Paolo , Pesaresi Ilaria , Tessa Carlo , Giannelli Marco , Nave Riccardo Della , Salvatore Elena , Salvi Fabrizio , Dotti Maria Teresa , Piacentini Silvia , Soricelli Andrea , Cosottini Mirco , De Stefano Nicola , Mascalchi Mario 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFriedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is associated with a distributed pattern of neurodegeneration in the spinal cord and the brain secondary to selective neuronal loss. We used functional MR Imaging (fMRI) to explore brain activation in FRDA patients during two motor‐sensory tasks of different complexity, i.e. continuous hand tapping and writing of “8” figure, with the right dominant hand and without visual feedback. Seventeen FRDA patients and two groups of age‐matched healthy controls were recruited. Task execution was monitored and recorded using MR‐compatible devices. Hand tapping was correctly performed by 11 (65%) patients and writing of the “8” by 7 (41%) patients. After correction for behavioral variables, FRDA patients showed in both tasks areas of significantly lower activation in the left primary sensory‐motor cortex and right cerebellum. Also left thalamus and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed hypo‐activation during hand tapping. During writing of the “8” task FRDA patients showed areas of higher activation in the right parietal and precentral cortex, globus pallidus, and putamen. Activation of right parietal cortex, anterior cingulum, globus pallidus, and putamen during writing of the “8” increased with severity of the neurological deficit. In conclusion fMRI demonstrates in FRDA a mixed pattern constituted by areas of decreased activation and areas of increased activation. The decreased activation in the primary motor cortex and cerebellum presumably reflects a regional neuronal damage, the decreased activation of the left thalamus and primary sensory cortex could be secondary to deafferentation phenomena, and the increased activation of right parietal cortex and striatum might have a possible compensatory significance. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Disruption of limbic white matter pathways in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A DTI/FDG‐PET Study
Authors: Bozoki Andrea C. , Korolev Igor O. , Davis Nathan C. , Hoisington Lori A. , Berger Kevin L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affect the limbic system, causing medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) hypometabolism. Additionally, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have demonstrated that MCI and AD involve alterations in cerebral white matter (WM) integrity. Objectives: To test if (1) patients with MCI and AD exhibit decreases in the integrity of limbic WM pathways; (2) disconnection between PCC and MTL, manifested as disruption of the cingulum bundle, contributes to PCC hypometabolism during incipient AD. Methods: We measured fractional anisotropy (FA) and volume of the fornix and cingulum using DTI in 23 individuals with MCI, 21 with mild‐to‐moderate AD, and 16 normal control (NC) subjects. We also measured PCC metabolism using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in AD and MCI patients. Results: Fornix FA and volume were reduced in MCI and AD to a similar extent. Descending cingulum FA was reduced in AD while volume was reduced in MCI and even more so in AD. Both FA and volume of the fornix and descending cingulum reliably discriminated between NC and AD. Fornix FA and descending cingulum volume also reliably discriminated between NC and MCI. Only descending cingulum volume reliably discriminated between MCI and AD. In the combined MCI‐AD cohort, PCC metabolism directly correlated with both FA and volume of the descending cingulum. Conclusions: Disruption of limbic WM pathways is evident during both MCI and AD. Disconnection of the PCC from MTL at the cingulum bundle contributes to PCC hypometabolism during incipient AD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
One‐Pot, Four‐Component Synthesis of Fully Substituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives from (Isocyanoimino)triphenylphosphorane, a Primary Amine, an Aromatic Carboxylic Acid, and Chloroacetone
Authors: Ramazani Ali , Zeinali Nasrabadi Fatemeh , Ahmadi Yavar 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe 1 : 1 imine intermediate 7 generated by the addition of a primary amine 2 to chloroacetone (1) is trapped by (isocyanoimino)triphenylphosphorane (4) in the presence of an aromatic carboxylic acid 3 and leads to the formation of the corresponding iminophosphorane intermediate 9 (Scheme 2). The 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives 5 are then formed via an intramolecular aza‐Wittig reaction of the iminophosphorane intermediate 9. The reactions were completed under neutral conditions at room temperature. The fully substituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives 5 were produced in high yields (Table).
Indium(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed Conversion of {[(Benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}‐Substituted Sulfones with 2‐[(Trimethylsilyl)oxy]furan: A Facile Access to γ‐Butenolactone Derivatives Containing a Protected Amino Group
Authors: Das Biswanath , Sudhakar Chithaluri , Reddy Parigi Raghavendar , Kashanna Jajula 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTreatment of {[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}‐substituted sulfones 1 with 2‐[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]furan (2) in the presence of InCl3 as a catalyst at room temperature produced the γ‐butenolactone derivatives 3 and 4 containing a protected amino group (Scheme 1). The products were formed in high yields (81–92%) within 3–10 h favoring the anti‐isomer 3.
Three New Sesquiterpene Pyridine Alkaloids from Euonymus fortunei
Authors: Da Yang Ying , Yang Guang Zhong , Liao Mao Chuan , Mei Zhi Nan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThree new macrocyclic β‐dihydroagarofuran‐type sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids, fortuneines A (1), B (2), and C (3), together with the four known alkaloids wilfornine E (4), aquifoliunine E‐I (5), euoverrine B (6), and euojaponine I (7), were isolated from the aerial parts of Euonymus fortunei. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including HR‐ESI‐MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, DEPT, 1H,1H‐COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY. This is the first isolation of the above sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids from this plant, except for compound 6.
Palladium Nanoparticles on Graphite Oxide as Catalyst for SuzukiMiyaura, MizorokiHeck, and Sonogashira Reactions
Authors: Rumi Luigi , Scheuermann Gil M. , Mülhaupt Rolf , Bannwarth Willi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPd2+‐Exchanged graphite oxide (GO) serves as a precatalyst for the formation of Pd‐nanoparticles which are then deposited on the highly functionalized carbonaceous support. This versatile, air‐stable, and ligand‐free system was applied successfully to SuzukiMiyaura couplings of some aryl chlorides and to the MizorokiHeck as well as the Sonogashira reaction showing relatively high activities and good selectivities. Like with other ligand‐free supported systems, the reaction proceeded dominantly by a homogeneous mechanism, but attack of an aryl iodide to Pd‐nanoparticles can be excluded as substantial contribution to the entire catalytic process. Beside its straightforward preparation and its stability in air, the system combines the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.
People's policies for the health of the poor globally
Authors: Govender Veloshnee , Mooney Gavin 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we argue that the dominant role played by governments of the developed countries in global health policies is a critical but often an ignored factor in contributing to the lack of progress in global health. The solution to this challenge lies in efforts to ‘democratise’ global decision making and to argue for a greater say of the poor globally in policies affecting them. Although there are potentially many ways to achieve this, the paper proposes ‘communitarian claims’ as one way to have the voice of people globally involved and to make decisions about how best to allocate resources globally. It is argued that such claims can be advanced at a practical level through ‘citizens’ juries' as evident from the experience in Australia. That experience and with increasing evidence from elsewhere, there is a strong indication from communities of desires for a very different set of values to underpin healthcare than the Australian and other governments, in partnership with global institutions, deliver. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trophic magnification factors: Considerations of ecology, ecosystems, and study design
Authors: Borgå Katrine , Kidd Karen A , Muir Derek CG , Berglund Olof , Conder Jason M , Gobas Frank APC , Kucklick John , Malm Olaf , Powell David E 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Recent reviews by researchers from academia, industry, and government have revealed that the criteria used by the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants under the United Nations Environment Programme are not always able to identify the actual bioaccumulative capacity of some substances, by use of chemical properties such as the octanol–water partitioning coefficient. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were suggested as a more reliable tool for bioaccumulation assessment of chemicals that have been in commerce long enough to be quantitatively measured in environmental samples. TMFs are increasingly used to quantify biomagnification and represent the average diet-to-consumer transfer of a chemical through food webs. They differ from biomagnification factors, which apply to individual species and can be highly variable between predator–prey combinations. The TMF is calculated from the slope of a regression between the chemical concentration and trophic level of organisms in the food web. The trophic level can be determined from stable N isotope ratios (δ15N). In this article, we give the background for the development of TMFs, identify and discuss impacts of ecosystem and ecological variables on their values, and discuss challenges and uncertainties associated with contaminant measurements and the use of δ15N for trophic level estimations. Recommendations are provided for experimental design, data treatment, and statistical analyses, including advice for users on reporting and interpreting TMF data. Interspecies intrinsic ecological and organismal properties such as thermoregulation, reproductive status, migration, and age, particularly among species at higher trophic levels with high contaminant concentrations, can influence the TMF (i.e., regression slope). Following recommendations herein for study design, empirical TMFs are likely to be useful for understanding the food web biomagnification potential of chemicals, where the target is to definitively identify if chemicals biomagnify (i.e., TMF &gt; or &lt; 1). TMFs may be less useful in species- and site-specific risk assessments, where the goal is to predict absolute contaminant concentrations in organisms in relation to threshold levels. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012;8:64–84. © 2011 SETAC
Versican V1 isoform regulates cell‐associated matrix formation and cell behavior differentially from aggrecan in Swarm rat chondrosarcoma cells
Authors: Wasa Junji , Nishida Yoshihiro , Shinomura Tamayuki , Isogai Zenzo , Futamura Naohisa , Urakawa Hiroshi , Arai Eisuke , Kozawa Eiji , Tsukushi Satoshi , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractVersican, a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that binds hyaluronan and is composed of large extracellular matrix aggregates, has been shown to correlate with tumor progression. No studies have examined the roles of versican in chondrosarcoma nor compared them to those of aggrecan. In clinical specimens of human chondromatous tumors, versican expression was significantly increased in malignant tumors, moreover, as the tumor grade increased. To clarify the roles of versican in chondrosarcoma, versican splicing variant 1, variant 3 or only GFP was stably transfected to Swarm rat chondrosarcoma cells with Trap‐In System. Forced expression of versican V1 isoform in Swarm rat chondrosarcoma cells induced a marked increase of cell‐associated matrix compared to V3‐, GFP‐ transfected or RCS cells. Versican was immunolocalized in a fashion similar to that of hyaluronan and more diffusively than aggrecan. Anchor‐dependent and ‐independent growth was not affected by versican isoform expression, whereas cell motility and migration were significantly enhanced by V1 isoform transfection. Tumors formed in vivo with V1‐transfected cells exhibited more myxomatous area and included more spindle shaped cells. These results support the concept that versican has the capacity to form more extensive cell‐associated matrix than aggrecan, and the prominent matrix formation alters the cell behavior of chondrosarcoma more aggressively. These observations suggest that versican expression may serve as a marker of tumor grade determination in chondrosarcoma and possibly help to decide on therapeutic targets in higher grades of chondrosarcoma.
Occupation and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer: The ARCAGE study
Authors: Richiardi Lorenzo , Corbin Marine , Marron Manuela , Ahrens Wolfgang , Pohlabeln Hermann , Lagiou Pagona , Minaki Ploumitsa , Agudo Antonio , Castellsague Xavier , Slamova Alena , Schejbalova Miriam , Kjaerheim Kristina , Barzan Luigi , Talamini Renato , Macfarlane Gary J. , Macfarlane Tatiana V. , Canova Cristina , Simonato Lorenzo , Conway David I. , McKinney Patricia A. , Sneddon Linda , Thomson Peter , Znaor Ariana , Healy Claire M. , McCartan Bernard E. , Benhamou Simone , Bouchardy Christine , Hashibe Mia , Brennan Paul , Merletti Franco 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe investigated the association between occupational history and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer risk in the ARCAGE European case–control study. The study included 1,851 patients with incident cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx or esophagus and 1,949 controls. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ever employment in 283 occupations and 172 industries, adjusting for smoking and alcohol. Men (1,457 cases) and women (394 cases) were analyzed separately and we incorporated a semi‐Bayes adjustment approach for multiple comparisons. Among men, we found increased risks for occupational categories previously reported to be associated with at least one type of UADT cancer, including painters (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.01–3.00), bricklayers (1.58, 1.05–2.37), workers employed in the erection of roofs and frames (2.62, 1.08–6.36), reinforced concreters (3.46, 1.11–10.8), dockers (2.91, 1.05–8.05) and workers employed in the construction of roads (3.03, 1.23–7.46), general construction of buildings (1.44, 1.12–1.85) and cargo handling (2.60, 1.17–5.75). With the exception of the first three categories, risks both increased when restricting to long duration of employment and remained elevated after semi‐Bayes adjustment. Increased risks were also found for loggers (3.56, 1.20–10.5) and cattle and dairy farming (3.60, 1.15–11.2). Among women, there was no clear evidence of increased risks of UADT cancer in association with occupations or industrial activities. This study provides evidence of an association between some occupational categories and UADT cancer risk among men. The most consistent findings, also supported by previous studies, were obtained for specific workers employed in the construction industry.
Histone deacetylase inhibition as an anticancer telomerase‐targeting strategy
Authors: Rahman Ruman , Grundy Richard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression contributes to tumor initiation and progression. Studies from a plethora of hematologic and solid tumors support the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as potent anticancer agents. The mechanism(s) of HDACi‐induced cancer growth inhibition and cell death are complex and incompletely elucidated. Here, we discuss erroneous epigenetic regulation of hTERT transcription in cancer cells and propose that alleviation of an improper acetylation–deacetylation balance at the hTERT promoter, is one mode by which HDACi induces anticancer effects. We conclude with some pertinent questions and future perspectives arising from the recent impetus in HDACi preclinical and early clinical studies, with particular attention to the cancer stem cell therapeutic paradigm and its relevance to tumor resistance.
Risks and outcomes associated with disorganized/controlling patterns of attachment at age three years in the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development
Authors: O'connor Erin , Bureau Jean‐Francois , Mccartney Kathleen , Lyons‐Ruth Karlen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDisorganized/controlling attachment in preschool has been found to be associated with maternal and child maladjustment, making it of keen interest in the study of psychopathology. Additional work is needed, however, to better understand disorganized/controlling attachment occurring as early as age 3 years. The primary aims of this study were to evaluate risk factors and outcomes associated with disorganized/controlling behavior at age 3 years and to evaluate the risk factors and outcomes differentiating the four subtypes of disorganized/controlling attachment. Analyses were conducted with the first two phases of the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a prospective study of 1,364 children from birth. At 36 months of age, across the attachment‐relevant domains of maternal well‐being, mother–child interactions, and child social adaptation, the disorganized/controlling group evidenced the most maladaptive patterns in comparison to both secure and insecure‐organized groups. At 54 months of age, the disorganized/controlling group displayed the highest levels of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, as rated by mothers and teachers, and the lowest quality relationships with teachers. Significant differences found among the disorganized/controlling subtypes indicated that the behaviorally disorganized and controlling‐punitive subtypes had more maladaptive patterns across variables than did the controlling‐caregiving and controlling‐mixed subtypes.
An unmet medical need: Advances in endoscopic imaging of colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Stallmach Andreas , Schmidt Carsten , Watson Alastair , Kiesslich Ralf 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGastrointestinal cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. Detection of early neoplastic lesions in gastrointestinal tract is essential for cure, because prognosis and survival are related to the size and stage of malignant lesions. Endoscopic screening and treatment of polyps could prevent approximately 80% of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, white‐light endoscopy is an imperfect technology since miss rates of up to 25% have been reported and polyps without malignant potential were treated without benefit but with additional costs and risks to the patient. There are several known “human” predictors of an inadequate colonoscopy. These include patient characteristics such as poor bowel preparation, female gender, or inpatient status. Skills of the endoscopists are also an important issue. Therefore, a variety of advanced technologies has been attempted to overcome these issues. These new endoscopic imaging techniques allow a more precise classification of mucosal alterations with selection of patients for invasive therapy or surveillance. Further, molecular and functional imaging techniques could identify novel targets for therapies and new prospects to access response to therapies. However, at the “end of the day” a better endoscopic approach for CRC screening and surveillance depends on a good bowel preparation, a trained endoscopist spending sufficient time on a detailed examination together with an advanced endoscope. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)