bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rediscovering enterprise: developing appropriate university entrepreneurship education
Authors: Bridge Simon , Hegarty Cecilia , Porter Sharon 
Published: November 2010

PurposeEntrepreneurship can refer to business start‐up, but now sometimes has wider connotations. This paper aims to explore what entrepreneurship means for the promoters of entrepreneurship education and what might be appropriate for the students who consume it.Design/methodology/approachThe paper assesses the work of NICENT (The Northern Ireland Centre for Entrepreneurship) in the University of Ulster in its approach to addressing the requirements of both its funders and its consumers.FindingsFunders often want to pursue entrepreneurship as part of a business creation agenda but even the word “entrepreneurship” can be off‐putting to students. NICENT, therefore, asked not “How to teach entrepreneurship?” but “What do students need?” As a result NICENT broadened its approach from “enterprise for new venture creation” to “enterprise for life”. This, NICENT believed, was more appropriate to the needs of the majority of students and was a foundation on which “enterprise for new venture creation” could later be built.Practical implicationsNICENT funders had an economic development focus, and wanted to see new high‐growth businesses. However, to spread entrepreneurship education throughout the university, NICENT had to “sell” its services to university staff and, in turn, to their students: who want respectively to deliver and receive an enhancement to future life and work effectiveness.Originality/valueThis paper explores the different requirements of the various stakeholders involved in entrepreneurship education and considers the need to reconcile them.
Visual product aesthetics
Authors: Mowen John C. , Fang Xiang , Scott Kristin 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the nomological net of the construct of the centrality of visual product aesthetics (CVPA).Design/methodology/approachA hierarchical model of personality is employed to investigate the nomological net of CVPA. The hierarchical model incorporates both trait antecedents (e.g. the traits of need for material resources, the need for uniqueness, and openness to experience) as well as value antecedents (the values of science importance, liberalism, and conservatism). In addition, the model includes three expected consequences of CVPA not previously investigated in the literature. Data were collected from a survey of 542 adult consumers who were broadly representative of the population of the USA.FindingsThe findings identified six significant antecedents of CVPA: need for uniqueness, conservative values, liberal values, science values, openness to experience, and material needs. In addition, CVPA was positively related to individuals' interest in representational art, abstract art, and environmental concern.Originality/valueThe paper advances theory by proposing how traits and values work together to influence behavior. It advances understanding of CVPA by showing that a concern for visual aesthetics influences attitudes that extend beyond product aesthetics to a concern for the environment. Finally, methodological issues in identifying a construct's nomological net, as well as the study's managerial contributions, are discussed.
The modern economic theory of bureaucracy as a precursor to new public management
Authors: Mixon Franklin G. , Treviño Len J. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest that the modern economic theory of bureaucracy developed by economists Breton and Wintrobe is a heretofore unrecognized precursor to the new public management (NPM) construct.Design/methodology/approachAfter presenting a comparison of the modern economic theory of bureaucracy to the basic principles of NPM, this paper offers a treatment of Breton and Wintrobe's modern economic theory of bureaucracy that uses the compelling episodic example of the 1944 attempt by the Nazi SS to deceive, through the now infamous Theresienstadt “Embellishment,” the International Red Cross and world communities about the existence of the Nazi Holocaust bureaucracy.FindingsThe comparison of the conceptual elements of the two models and the integration of the historical episodic example support the view that the modern economic theory of bureaucracy is a precursor to NPM.Originality/valueThis is the first study to date to present the modern economic theory of bureaucracy as a precursor to the principles of NPM. As such, future research in either area that recognizes the connection made in the present study is potentially enhanced.
The integration of course support materials into the information literacy research process
Authors: Kieltyka Marcus , Mayer Christopher 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how course informational needs are being satisfied by materials outside of traditional library resources.Design/methodology/approachThe design is based on the results of a survey of instructional faculty at Central Washington University during fall quarter 2008.FindingsThe findings show that course support materials available through publishers meet in many cases the immediate informational needs of students. Additionally, these materials are directly tied to specific course/research needs and activities. The paper also demonstrates that these materials permit students to bypass the initial and fundamental steps of the information literacy process.Practical implicationsThe implications may be that libraries will continue to see stagnant funding as the informational needs of students are being met through other means. The lack of complaints regarding adequate material budgets will remain strong within the library but largely silent at the campus level. Another implication is that the cost of access is now being borne by the immediate user, the student, and that the library is repurchasing similar materials for the university as a whole.Originality/valueThe paper provides useful information on whether course informational needs are being satisfied by materials outside of traditional library resources.
Open innovation models adopted in practice: an extensive study in Italy
Authors: Lazzarotti Valentina , Manzini Raffaella , Pellegrini Luisa 
Published: November 2010

PurposeMany companies claim they are adopting an open approach to innovation, but each of them with its own way. This paper aims to explore the different models for opening up the innovation process adopted in practice.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilises an extended survey among Italian manufacturing companies, cluster analysis and ANOVA.FindingsThe study distinguishes four different open innovation models with respect to two variables, representing the degree of openness: the number and type of partners with whom the company collaborates (partner variety), and the number and type of phases of the innovation process open to external collaborations (innovation phase variety). They are: open and closed innovators, integrated and specialized collaborators. The paper describes each cluster in terms of firm‐specific variables that characterize Open Innovation choices; at last, it tries to draw some tentative explanation of the influence of openness on the innovative performance of companies.Research limitations/implicationsThe number of respondents is still limited (about 100). Moreover, it studied only the relationship between some firm‐specific factors and the degree of openness (in terms of partner and phase variety): a wider investigation is recommended to include more variables to define the openness degree and more contextual factors.Practical implicationsThe paper provides managerial implications because it suggests that open innovation is not an “on/off” choice, but it can be interpreted and adopted with different degrees, consistently with the company's specific context.Originality/valueThe paper introduces a new perspective that integrates the number/typology of both partners and phases, in order to understand if such perspective can confirm the existence of different open innovation models.
Towards a complementary intangibles reporting approach
Authors: Tomás Lopes Ilídio 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe aggregation and exploitation of knowledge edges has settled the appearance of multiple approaches that put intangibles as the most important key driver towards the strategic and financial level achievements. This paper's aim is to identify the intangibles recognized by the Portuguese Airlines companies, their impact on the companies' strategies and their inclusion in the internal management reporting standards.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on the Portuguese civil aviation sector, specifically focused on air transportation activity. The research involved all 21 Portuguese Airlines companies and the National regulator. Structured inquiries were conducted in the companies' financial departments and in the National Activity Regulator. Non‐parametric tests were performed in order to identify possible clusters and dependence linkages between companies' features and intangible policies and procedures.FindingsFindings evidenced the need of a complementary intangible resources scorecard report. Significant dependence does not exist between the inquiries' results and the airlines company's features. Results have shown that the intangibles objectives and recognition detractors have a transversal and structural nature, and are not focused on a discrete company type or cluster.Originality/valueThis methodology clarifies the stage of knowledge management implementation and intangible assets measurement and recognition of the companies' reporting systems. Several intangibles were identified, some of them supporting strong and sustainable competitive advantages. This research also constitutes a deep sector diagnosis, the first step for an organizational culture change with respect to intangibles reporting requirements.
Innovating entrepreneurial pedagogy: examples from France and Germany
Authors: Klapper Rita , Tegtmeier Silke 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper – one of only a few examples – aims to conduct a cross‐national research into innovative teaching approaches in entrepreneurship in France and Germany.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on two cross‐cultural cases and reflects on the experiences of two innovative teaching approaches in two European settings. The underlying aim of this investigation is to identify commonalities and differences between the approaches, establish learning between the different Higher Education institutions as well as to investigate the transferability of such approaches to other cultural environments.FindingsThis research has highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary learning in entrepreneurship research. Whereas, in the German case, management and other disciplines work together to create the example of the “practice firm”, in the French case entrepreneurship theories, network theories and cognitive science are brought together to create a new approach to learning about entrepreneurship. Both approaches highlight the importance of the personal development of the course participants by empowering the student to be proactive.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper builds on the early experiences with both the concept of the “practice firm” and the application of repertory grids in entrepreneurial pedagogy, which justifies the highly exploratory character of this research. More research is necessary to establish students' opinion about such innovative approaches, also on a cross‐national level.Practical implicationsThe paper provides examples of effective practices for encouraging entrepreneurial thinking in the classroom. More such comparative work is necessary on a European, but also on a wider international, scale to encourage learning, in particular for those involved in teaching entrepreneurship, but also for policy makers who are looking for new ways to stimulate entrepreneurial thinking.Originality/valueThe paper is innovative as it compares and contrasts two innovative approaches to teaching entrepreneurship in two European countries and hence fills a gap in the literature.
The practical application of an entrepreneurial performance training model in South Africa
Authors: van Vuuren Jurie , Botha Melodi 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper sets out to apply practically the constructs of the entrepreneurial performance training model to three different training interventions, known as the business start‐up, basic entrepreneurship, and advanced entrepreneurship programmes. Furthermore, the paper aims to measure the business performance indicators and skills transfer that took place after the training interventions.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative research was conducted, using three validated research questionnaires. The research design consists of a pre‐test, post‐test and post‐post test (ten weeks after the training interventions took place). Factor analysis was done, descriptive statistics arising from opinions and expressions are presented and statistical tests such as the Chi‐square test and ANOVA provide inferential statistics.FindingsThe business performance indicators improved for all three training groups after they attended the training interventions. Furthermore, it was proved that skills transfer took place after the respondents attended the training interventions.Research limitations/implicationsThe training groups can be measured again after 18 months of three years to really determine the impact of the training interventions. The results of the three training programmes can be compared to see whether the basic entrepreneurship groups gained more skills and their business performance indicators increased more than the business start‐up or advanced entrepreneurship programmes.Practical implicationsThe outcomes and implications of this research paper emphasise that it is imperative to design training programmes based on training models that have been tested. This paper highlights some aspects of how constructs used within the training models can be tested.Originality/valueThe entrepreneurial performance‐training model was practically applied and provides a set of expectations for other entrepreneurship models as well as presenting a benchmark against which programme performance can be measured. A unique teaching methodology is portrayed that contributes to the overall effectiveness of the training model.
RFID implementation with virtual infrastructures
Authors: Lorchirachoonkul William , Mo John P.T. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a virtualisation model of RFID enabled infrastructure incorporating non‐standard radio frequency identification (RFID) components. The model is implemented as a software service that draws upon other sources of internet services.Design/methodology/approachIn a global supply chain environment, circumstances at different locations may not allow RFID system to be used. Some supply chain members do not have compatible network infrastructure in place. These include RFID frameworks such as China's National Product Codes and Japan's ubiquitous identification which are utilised around the world. There is also a reachability problem for consignments going offsite. The paper introduces a service abstraction layer (SAL) in the RFID architecture to remove dependency on specific RFID framework. From this principle, the paper introduces a new virtual infrastructure that interfaces with emerging identification technologies.FindingsThe model bridges the gaps that exist between various RFID standards, as well as utilising various technologies to emulate data capture devices so that the information chain remains intact across the global network. The resulting system significantly reduces the costs of commissioning and operating costs of existing RFID infrastructures.Research limitations/implicationsThe new system has been tested in real industry environment with defined scope and coverage. The implication due to full roll out of the technologies in global supply chains still requires further investigation.Practical implicationsUsability of the virtualised RFID infrastructures depends on the cooperation among partners in the supply chain rather than the technology level. New business rules are required when special stakeholders such as customs are included in this virtualised infrastructure.Originality/valueThe concept of virtualisation has been used in operating systems, but its application to supply chain has not been explored before. Introduction of the SAL allows interoperability of systems handling goods tracking events through the supply chain.
Incorporating business process management into RFID‐enabled application systems
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Liu Chengfei , Lin Tao 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe emergence of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology promises enormous opportunities to shift business process automation up to the wire level. The purpose of this paper is to explore the methodology of incorporating business logics into RFID edge systems, and thereby facilitate the business process automation in the RFID‐applied environment.Design/methodology/approachFollowing the object‐oriented modelling perspective, concepts of classes, instances are deployed to characterise the runtime context of RFID business scenarios; event patterns are used to aggregate RFID tag read events into business meaningful events; and business rules are established to automate business transactions according to the elicited events.FindingsThe paper has emphasised the synergy between business process automation and automatic data acquisition, and has identified the inter‐relations between RFID tag read events, application‐level events, business rules, and business operations. The reported research has demonstrated a feasible scheme of incorporating business process control and automation into RFID‐enabled applications.Originality/valueThe paper analyses the characteristics of RFID data and event handling in relation to business rule modelling and process automation. The features of event‐relied awareness, context containment and overlapping, etc. are all captured and described by the proposed object‐oriented business model. The given data‐driven RFID middleware architecture can serve as one reference architecture for system design and development. Hence, the paper plays an important role in connecting automatic data acquisition and existing business processes, and thereby bridges the physical world and the digital world.
The nature and extent of voluntary intellectual capital disclosures by Australian and UK biotechnology companies
Authors: White Gregory , Lee Alina , Yuningsih Yuni , Nielsen Christian , Nikolaj Bukh Per 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this research project is to compare the nature and extent of voluntary intellectual capital disclosures (ICD) by UK and Australian biotechnology companies. The motivating research question was whether the nature and extent of voluntary ICD by preparers of financial report data in these countries reflected the relative maturity of the UK, compared to Australian industry.Design/methodology/approachICD was measured in annual reports and financial statements published on the company websites. A Danish disclosure index was used to evaluate voluntary disclosures by 156 companies about customers, employees, IT, strategy, R&D and processes (78‐items scored for each company).FindingsA significant leverage effect was demonstrated in relation to the “nature” of ICD by UK and Australian biotechnology companies. Interestingly, mean customer ICD were higher in annual reports from high‐leveraged compared to low‐leveraged Australian firms. In contrast, UK firms showed higher mean R&D ICD for low‐leveraged firms than high‐leveraged firms. With regards to the “extent” of ICD measured, the study demonstrated a significant country effect.Research limitations/implicationsPotential limitations or bias may exist from the use of the disclosure index: binary scoring of disclosure versus non‐disclosure reduces the richness of data otherwise obtainable by limited case study or interviews; and data collection is limiting – narrative with managers actually preparing ICD is not possible.Practical implicationsAustralian company financial accountants and managers preparing and/or including ICD information could be in danger of underestimating the importance of information asymmetry existing with lenders.Originality/valueThis finding contrasts the legitimate R&D focused ICD of low‐leveraged UK firms; namely to attract stakeholder attention to their expanding intellectual property base, with the findings from Australian firms' with a relatively predictable and naïve customer focus.
Intellectual capital reporting in sustainability reports
Authors: Oliveira Lídia , Lima Rodrigues Lúcia , Craig Russell 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse voluntary disclosures of intellectual capital (IC) items in the sustainability reports of Portuguese companies. The paper aims to highlight the level, pattern and determinants of IC disclosures in those sustainability reports; and the potential for sustainability reports to be a medium for IC disclosures.Design/methodology/approachAn index of voluntary disclosure of intangibles is constructed and deployed to analyse IC disclosures in the sustainability reports for 2006 of Portuguese firms, published on the web site of the Portugal's Business Council for Sustainability Development. Four hypotheses are tested about associations between that disclosure index and firm‐specific variables.FindingsDisclosure of information about IC is more likely in sustainability reports of firms that have a higher level of application of the Global Reporting Initiative framework, and are listed companies.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is cross‐sectional. Subjective judgment is involved in constructing the disclosure index.Practical implicationsThe observed level and pattern of disclosure of IC information suggests that the preparation of a sustainability report is an opportune starting point for the development of IC reporting.Originality/valueThe study highlights the determinants of IC disclosures in sustainability reports; the high incidence of such disclosures; and points to the enhancement of legitimacy and reputation as potential incentives for firms to engage in such practice.