bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of p300 in constitutive and HIV‐1 Tat‐activated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes
Authors: Zou Wei , Wang Zhenyuan , Liu Ying , Fan Yan , Zhou Betty Y. , Yang X. Frank , He Johnny J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHIV‐1 Tat protein is an important pathogenic factor in HIV‐1‐associated neurological diseases. One hallmark of HIV‐1 infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is astrocytosis, which is characterized by elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in astrocytes. We have shown that Tat activates GFAP expression in astrocytes [Zhou et al., (2004) Mol Cell Neurosci 27:296–305] and that GFAP is an important regulator of Tat neurotoxicity [Zou et al., (2007) Am J Pathol 171:1293–1935]. However, the underlying mechanisms for Tat‐mediated GFAP up‐regulation are not understood. In this study, we reported concurrent up‐regulation of adenovirus E1a‐associated 300 kDa protein p300 and GFAP in Tat‐expressing human astroytoma cells and primary astrocytes. We showed that p300 was indeed induced by Tat expression and HIV‐1 infection and that the induction occurred at the transcriptional level through the cis‐acting elements of early growth response 1 (egr‐1) within its promoter. Using siRNA, we further showed that p300 regulated both constitutive and Tat‐mediated GFAP expression. Moreover, we showed that ectopic expression of p300 potentiated Tat transactivation activity and increased proliferation of HIV‐1‐infected astrocytes, but had little effect on HIV‐1 replication in these cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that Tat is a positive regulator of p300 expression, which in turn regulates GFAP expression, and suggest that the Tat‐Egr‐1‐p300‐GFAP axis likely contributes to Tat neurotoxicity and predisposes astrocytes to be an HIV‐1 sanctuary in the CNS. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of PPAR‐γ and PTEN cascade participates in lovastatin‐mediated accelerated differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
Authors: Paintlia Ajaib S. , Paintlia Manjeet K. , Singh Avtar K. , Orak John K. , Singh Inderjit 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPreviously, we and others documented that statins including‐lovastatin (LOV) promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and remyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an multiple sclerosis (MS) model. Conversely, some recent studies demonstrated that statins negatively influence oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation in vitro and remyelination in a cuprizone‐CNS demyelinating model. Therefore, herein, we first investigated the cause of impaired differentiation of OLs by statins in vitro settings. Our observations indicated that the depletion of cholesterol was detrimental to LOV treated OPCs under cholesterol/serum‐deprived culture conditions similar to that were used in conflicting studies. However, the depletion of geranylgeranyl‐pp under normal cholesterol homeostasis conditions enhanced the phenotypic commitment and differentiation of LOV‐treated OPCs ascribed to inhibition of RhoA‐Rho kinase. Interestingly, this effect of LOV was associated with increased activation and expression of both PPAR‐γ and PTEN in OPCs as confirmed by various pharmacological and molecular based approaches. Furthermore, PTEN was involved in an inhibition of OPCs proliferation via PI3K‐Akt inhibition and induction of cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, but without affecting their cell survival. These effects of LOV on OPCs in vitro were absent in the CNS of normal rats chronically treated with LOV concentrations used in EAE indicating that PPAR‐γ induction in normal brain may be tightly regulated‐providing evidences that statins are therapeutically safe for humans. Collectively, these data provide initial evidence that statin‐mediated activation of the PPAR‐γ‐PTEN cascade participates in OL differentiation, thus suggesting new therapeutic‐interventions for MS or related CNS‐demyelinating diseases. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of epigenetics in the acquisition and maintenance of effector function in virus‐specific CD8 T cells
Authors: Olson Matthew R. , Russ Brendan E. , Doherty Peter C. , Turner Stephen J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCD8+ T cells are critical for protecting the body from infectious disease. To achieve this protection, CD8+ T cells must undergo a highly involved process of differentiation that involves the activation of naïve/quiescent cells followed by robust rounds of cell division and the acquisition of effector functions that mediate viral clearance. After the pathogen is eliminated, a small number of these cells survive into long‐lived memory and maintain the capacity to respond rapidly and reacquire effector function after secondary exposure to their cognate antigen. This review focuses on how CD8+ T cells acquire and regulate effector functions and how the capacity to produce effector molecules is maintained into memory. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life 62(7): 519–526, 2010
Post‐hospitalization transitions: Examining the effects of timing of primary care provider follow‐up
Authors: Misky Gregory J. , Wald Heidi L. , Coleman Eric A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The transition between the inpatient and outpatient setting is a high‐risk period for patients. The presence and role of the primary care provider (PCP) is critical during this transition. This study evaluated characteristics and outcomes of discharged patients lacking timely PCP follow‐up, defined as within 4 weeks of discharge.METHODS:This prospective cohort enrolled 65 patients admitted to University of Colorado Hospital, an urban 425‐bed tertiary care center. We collected patient demographics, diagnosis, payer source and PCP information. Post‐discharge phone calls determined PCP follow‐up and readmission status. Thirty‐day readmission rate and hospital length of stay (LOS) were compared in patients with and without timely PCP follow‐up.RESULTS:The rate of timely PCP follow‐up was 49%. For a patient's same medical condition, the 30‐day readmission rate was 12%. Patients lacking timely PCP follow‐up were 10 times more likely to be readmitted (odds ratio [OR] = 9.9, P = 0.04): 21% in patients lacking timely PCP follow‐up vs. 3% in patients with timely PCP follow‐up, P = 0.03. Lack of insurance was associated with lower rates of timely PCP follow‐up: 29% vs. 56% (P = 0.06), but did not independently increase readmission rate or LOS (OR = 1.0, P = 0.96). Index hospital LOS was longer in patients lacking timely PCP follow‐up: 4.4 days vs. 6.3 days, P = 0.11.CONCLUSIONS:Many patients discharged from this large urban academic hospital lacked timely outpatient PCP follow‐up resulting in higher rates of readmission and a non‐significant trend toward longer hospital LOS. Effective transitioning of care for vulnerable patients may require timely PCP follow‐up. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Necrotizing fasciitis associated with acupuncture: A case report
Authors: Macuha Faustino , Ahn Andrew , Graham Robert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInfectious complications from acupuncture are extermely rare; we present a case of severe necrotizing Fasciitis (type 1) in an elderly nondiabetic male. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
FT‐Raman spectroscopic spectra on 3‐phenylpropylamine inclusion compounds
Authors: Ünal Arslan , Şentürk Şükrü , Şenyel Mustafa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSome new Hofmann‐3‐phenylpropylamine‐type clathrates with chemical formulae of M(3‐phenylpropylamine)2 Ni(CN)4. 2G (MNi or Co, G = 1,2‐dichlorobenzene or 1,3‐dichlorobenzene) have been prepared and their Fourier transform infrared(FT‐IR; 4000–400 cm−1), far‐infrared (600–100 cm−1) and FT‐Raman (4000–60 cm−1) spectra are reported. The ligand molecule, guest molecules, polymeric sheet and metal‐ligand bands of the clathrates are assigned in detail. The compounds are also characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. From the results, the monodentate 3‐phenylpropylamine ligand molecule bonds to the metal atom of |M‐Ni(CN)4 | ∞ polymeric layers in the trans‐gauche‐gauche (TGG) form, and 1,2‐dichlorobenzene or 1,3‐dichlorobenzene molecules are guested by this structure revealing the inclusion ability of the host complexes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pure component Raman spectral reconstruction from glazed and unglazed Yuan, Ming, and Qing shards: a combined Raman microscopy and BTEM study
Authors: Widjaja Effendi , Lim Geok Hong , Lim Qinyi , Mashadi Ahmad Bin , Garland Marc 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRaman mapping measurements were performed on the glazed and unglazed surfaces of shards excavated from Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty strata. A number of areas on each surface were chosen. Circa 21 × 21 pixels were measured for each area using both 514 and 785‐nm laser as the Raman excitation. Data were collected from 100–3600 cm−1. Many sets of spectra exhibited very intense fluorescence. In spite of the intense fluorescence, the resulting sets of spectra were collated and analyzed together using the band‐target entropy minimization (BTEM) algorithm. Pure component spectral estimates of many of the major components were achieved, without the use of any a priori information such as spectral libraries. These include α‐silica quartz, carbon, anatase, cobalt oxides, hematite, glassy silicate, and lanthanide complexes. In addition, two further unidentified pure component spectra A and B were recovered as well as an interference pattern due to the microscopic texture of the shards (associated with small particle/thin layer domains). The carbon was primarily present in elemental form, i.e. mixture of amorphous and graphitic (unordered and ordered domains); however there is an evidence of some partial oxidation, i.e. formation of carboxylates. The interference patterns and the lanthanide complexes were only observed when using the longer wavelength red laser. The cobalt oxides and the anatase were only observed when using the green laser. In summary, the combination of Raman microscopy and BTEM has allowed the enumeration of many of the underlying spectral patterns present and hence unambiguous identification of the major individual components present in the archaeological samples. This approach would appear applicable to other classes of archaeological materials as well. Limitations and extensions of the present approach are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The increase in immunosuppression and its role in the development of malignant lesions
Authors: Cole Warren H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe first evidence that a major operation results in immunosuppression appeared in 1957. A few years later, numerous articles appeared in the medical literature showing that the same effect took place in the human being. When kidney transplantation was begun, it was soon learned that immunosuppression was necessary to obtain good results. Soon after suppression was adopted it was noted that malignancies were being encountered. The same was true with cardiac transplantation. Within the many types of immunodeficiency's, malignant lesions are significantly encountered in only one‐AIDS.
Surgical oncology—theory and practice
Authors: Raven Ronald W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn viewing the broad imagery of oncology, it is seen as a multidisciplinary subject, and attention is focused initially on oncology philosophy, indicating major problems for solution. The position of surgical oncology is clearly delineated in clinical oncology as a major discipline with well‐defined theory and practice, which is the main subject here. The foundations of the theory are the essential sciences for surgeons—surgical anatomy, physiology, and pathology, with surgical oncology now emerging as a multidisciplinary science. The basic sciences of surgical oncology, currently making valuable additions to oncology knowledge, are defined, and their relevance to the build‐up of the theory is described. There must be a constant feedback of theory and practice. Major surgical operations are central in the practice component; the latter can be epitomized as rehabilitation and continuing care. Rehabilitation begins with diagnosis. The performance of oncological operations requires sound surgical judgment and superb technical ability. The surgical oncologist has an important role in rehabilitation and continuing care programmes. Education and training courses in the theory and practice of surgical oncology are developing for graduates who desire a career in this discipline.
Inflammatory breast carcinoma: A distinct entity?
Authors: Kokal William A. , Hill L. Robert , Porudominsky David , Beatty J. David , Kemeny M. Margaret , Riihimaki Daniel U. , Terz Ose J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSixty‐four patients with the diagnosis of either inflammatory or locally advanced breast cancer were analyzed with respect to age, menopausal status, estrogen receptor protein (ERP) measurements, characteristics on clinical presentation, disease‐free interval (DFI), and overall survival. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the patients' clinical presentation, DFI, or overall survival time. Patients with inflammatory carcinoma were significantly younger as well as more likely to be pre‐ or perimenopausal than patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Of those patients who had ERP measurements performed, patients with inflammatory breast cancer had a significantly decreased incidence of ERP(+) tumors in comparison to patients with locally advanced breast cancer. These results suggest that inflammatory carcinoma of the breast behaves as an ERP(−) subtype of locally advanced breast carcinoma rather than a truly distinct entity.
Cole's precancerous hyperplasia of the breast
Authors: Humphrey P. , Humphrey L. , Humphrey L. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDue to his recognition as the discoverer of the first test for visualization of the gallbladder, his prolific research on dissemination of cancer and his stimulation and interest in stress and immunity, one of Warren Cole's most significant reports has not been accorded due recognition. In 1944, Cole presented data at the Southern Surgical Association Meeting which clearly identified the premalignant histologic change in the breast. In the published report, Cole and Rossiter [Ann Surg 119:573–590, 1944] presented a classification of benign breast histology: 1) adenofibrosis, 2) parenchymatous hyperplasia, 3) precancerous hyperplasia, and 4) cystic disease. Following the work of Warren in 1940 [Surg Gynecol Obstet 71:257–273], who stated that the chronic cystic mastitis had an incidence of breast cancer over 3 times the expected rate, this report of Cole and Rossiter focused on the worrisome lesion atypical epithelial hyperplasia.Since then, Haagensen [“Diseases of the Breast,” Philadelphia: Saunders] has stressed that gross cystic disease is the lesion most associated with increased risk of cancer. In an attempt to resolve these seeming contraindications, we reviewed the charts of patients referred to a private breast clinic. With the advent of mammography, sonography, and thermography, the incidence and management of benign breast diseases has changed over the years. This study focuses on the current management of breast masses and reinforces the significance of Cole's classification.
Intravenous hyperalimentation as nutritional support for the cancer patient—an update
Authors: Rumley Thomas O. , Copeland Edward M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDebilitating cancer cachexia is multifactorial, but many of the etiologies and most of the resulting effects are similar to those seen in malnourished patients without cancer. From the work in human beings and experimental animals, nutritional support of the tumor‐bearing host can replenish lean body mass, visceral protein components, and immunocompetence. This induction of anabolism, however, depends on time, content, the method of administration of hyperalimentation solutions; the initial and continuing catabolic response of the patient, as well as the degree of initial malnutrition; the energy expenditure of the patient required during oncologic therapy; and the expertise of the physician administering nutritional support. Increased tumor stimulation resulting from intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) has never been observed in humans; the stimulatory effects of IVH on animal tumor systems have been identified only in previously depleted animals, and then growth rates have not been out of proportion to that of the host or to that of otherwise healthy animals. Animal data suggest that tumor growth characteristics can be affected by nutritional state and the exact substrates administered, ie, amino acids, carbohydrates, or fat. Further evidence suggests that the apparent enhanced tumor growth can be used to increase responsiveness to cell cycle‐specific chemotherapeutic agents during nutritional repletion. Current evidence supports the use of intravenous hyperalimentation in malnourished cancer patients who have effective oncologic therapeutic options; such patients should not be denied these options simply on the basis of severe nutritional cachexia.
Serum CA 12‐5 concentrations and CA 12‐5/CEA ratios in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Buamah Paul K. , Rake Mark O. , Drake Shirley R. , Skillen Andrew W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn attempts to increase the specificity of the CA 12‐5 test the ratio of CA 12‐5 and CEA concentrations has been determined in 155 cancer patients, all of whom had an increased serum CA 12‐5. The patients included 47 with epithelial ovarian cancer, 38 with colorectal cancer, 24 with cervical cancer, 20 with lung cancer, 17 with gastric cancer, and 9 with pancreatic cancer. The CA 12‐5/CEA ratio in serum of patients with ovarian cancer ranged from 30 to 920 (mean 251), whereas in other types of cancer the highest ratio was 240 and the mean was 13. All 47 patients with ovarian cancer, but only 7 of the 108 patients with other types of cancer, showed a CA 12‐5/CEA ratio greater than 25. About 10% of the patients with gastric or colorectal cancer but none of those with other types of cancer showed an increased ratio. As the predictive value of a CA 12‐/CEA ratio of less than 25 excluding ovarian cancer is 100%, we recommend measuring the CEA concentration in all those with increased CA 12‐5 and calculation of the CA 12‐5/CEA ratio.
Effects of intra‐arterial chemotherapy with a new lipophilic anticancer agent, estradiol‐chlorambucil (KM2210), dissolved in lipiodol on experimental liver tumor in rats
Authors: Egawa Hiroto , Maki Atsuhiko , Mori Keiichiro , Yamamoto Yuzo , Mitsuhashi Satoshi , Bannai Kenji , Asano Kiro , Ozawa Kazue 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAnticancer effects and biodistribution of a new lipophilic anticancer agent, estradiol‐chlorambucil (KM2210), dissolved in lipiodol (LPD) were investigated as an intra‐arterial chemotherapy (IAC) on Walker 256 carcinosarcoma grown in the liver of 136 Wistar rats. All rats treated with KM2210 (10 mg)‐LPD survived for 90 days after administration, whereas none of the rats with LPD alone were alive for more than 19 days. Histological examination revealed that there was no viable tumor cell in the encapsulated necrotic tumor at 21 days after administration. There was no significant liver dysfunction or leukopenia due to KM2210. The biodistribution study using [l4C,3H]KM2210‐LPD solution showed that KM2210 accumulated selectively in tumor and that the tumor‐to‐normal‐liver and tumor‐to‐blood ratios were 10 and 1,000, respectively, at 21 days after administration. These results suggest that KM2210 has potential clinical application in the treatment of human liver cancer.
Synchronous, bilateral mastectomy
Authors: Staren Edgar D. , Robinson David A. , Witt Thomas R. , Economou Steven G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSixty‐four patients (mean age, 51 years) had mastectomies which were synchronous and bilateral. Sixty‐one premastectomy biopsies (bilateral, 34 and unilateral, 27) demonstrated the following: invasive carcinoma, 17; noninvasive carcinoma, 24; combination of above, 10; and benign disease, 10. Twenty‐two patients had bilateral mastectomy because of bilateral positive biopsy. Twenty‐nine patients with unilateral carcinoma on biopsy had bilateral mastectomy. Thirteen patients had bilateral mastectomy despite benign disease only on biopsy (10) or no biopsy (3). Ten unexpected carcinomas (34%) were found in the contralateral breast in the 29 patients with carcinoma diagnosed on unilateral biopsy. The biopsy pathology of these 10 spicemens was invasive ductal carcinoma in 1 and multifocal, noninvasive carcinoma(ductal, 3 and lobular, 6) in 9.An unexpected carcinoma may be found in the contralateral breast in a significant number of patients who are selected for bilateral mastectomy, particularly if the selection is on the basis of a noninvasive, lobular histology. Bilateral mastectomy may be appropriate for such patients, particularly when complicated by a strong family history and breasts which are difficult to assess by physical or mammographic examination.
Flow cytometric analysis of the dna content in primary and metastatic lesions of colorectal cancer
Authors: Tomoda Hirotsugu , Inoue Tetsuya 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe investigated and compared the DNA content between primary and metastatic lesions from 30 colorectal cancer cases. The findings were only diploid in 2 cases (6.7%) and only aneuploid in 18 cases (60.0%). On the whole, the DNA ploidy agreed in 20 cases (66.7%) between both lesions. In the 18 cases with only aneuploid tumors in both lesions, the DNA index tended to be larger in the metastatic lesions than in the primary lesions. In contrast, a variation in the DNA ploidy was observed in 10 cases (33.3%). These findings show that DNA ploidy tends to remain stable during metastasis in many cases of colorectal cancer, although the DNA index did tend to be larger in metastatic lesions than in primary lesions. The existence of intertumoral heterogeneity in the DNA ploidy also shows that specimens should be investigated from both lesions in order to obtain more accurate information on the tumor and its biological behavior.
Pulmonary metastasectomy for soft tissue sarcomas: Is it justified?
Authors: Frost Daniel B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe role of pulmonary metastasectomy for metastatic soft tissue sarcomas is examined by reviewing the recent (1978‐1994) English language literature. There are no prospective studies that contain an appropriate control group, and only one retrospective study contains a matched control group. In those few studies that provide greater than 5‐year survival data, the survival curve still has a steep slope and few patients are alive at 7 years. In most studies only one or two patients are at risk at 5 years or more. Projected survival is therefore statistically questionable. It is currently impossible to know what is the impact of the surgical procedure over and above the natural history (biology) of the tumor. A randomized, prospective study, as suggested a decade ago, is still needed. While there may be some merit to pulmonary metastasectomy in highly selected patients, aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy does not seem justified by the available data.