bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of copper corrosion by modifying cysteine self‐assembled film with alkylamine/alkylacid compounds
Authors: Zhang D.‐Q. , Gao L.‐X. , Cai Q.‐R. , Lee K. Y. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractComplex self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) were prepared by modifying the adsorption of cysteine with dodecylacid (DAC) and with dodecylamine (DAM) on copper surfaces. Their protective effects against copper corrosion were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.5 M HCl aqueous solution. Results show that SAMs suppress cathodic current densities and shift the corrosion potential toward more negative values. Two types of complex SAMs enhance the anticorrosion effect of cysteine SAMs. PM3 semi‐empirical quantum calculations were used to obtain the quantum chemical parameters. The complex SAMs formed from cysteine and DAM have the higher EHOMO level and the better protection effect.
Study on the effect of corrosion on the tensile behavior of an AZ91 alloy
Authors: Wang Q. , Liu Y. H. , Zhang L. N. , Song Y. L. , Zhang D. W. , Li C. F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe effect of corrosion on the tensile behavior of an as‐cast AZ91 alloy was investigated via systematical experiments. The corrosion residual strength of the AZ91 magnesium alloy is approximately negative linear dependent on the extreme depth of corrosion pit, which was quantitatively obtained by the corrosion morphology analysis and the statistic analysis. Experimental results reveal that the corrosion residual strength of the AZ91 magnesium alloy dropped quickly in the first 40 h due to the initiation and development of the corrosion pit and subsequently decreased slowly as a result of the development of the corrosion pit encountered the β phase. The β phase at the grain boundary of the primary α phase acts as an effective barrier to prevent the development of the corrosion pit into the alloy matrix and thus remarkably prevents the drop of the corrosion residual strength. In general, the variation of the corrosion residual strength exhibits an exponential decay regulation within the testing time. Consequently, the empirical prediction of the corrosion residual strength was given with regard to the variation of the corrosion residual strength varied with the immersion time.
Evaluation of the uniform current density assumption in cathodic protection systems with close anode‐to‐cathode arrangement
Authors: Martinez S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCathodic protection modelling often involves making assumptions about geometric features and material characteristics that directly impact accuracy of solutions. In the present paper, predictive power of the model using approximate uniform current boundary condition on the cathode is validated against the model using nonlinear cathode polarization curves representative of low‐carbon steel structure of common geometry, buried in soil or immersed in seawater. In order to explore the worst case scenario, the present example deals with a large diameter pipeline (Ø 1.2 m) and a wire anode (Ø 0.05 m), separated by a distance d, both embedded in an infinite space of conductivity κ. The calculation is performed for the two sets of parameters – κ and limiting current density of oxygen reduction, il. For simulation of CP systems in seawater κ = 4.79 S/m and il = −86 µA/cm2 and for CP system in soil, κ = 10−3 S/m and il = −1.1 µA/cm2. The other physical parameters were identical for both systems (Tafel slopes ba = 60 mV/dec, bc = 120 mV/dec and equilibrium potentials $\phi _{\rm e}^{\rm a} = - 700\,{\rm mV}$, $\phi _{\rm c}^{\rm a} = - 800\,{\rm mV}$). The results were visualized to best exemplify the general trends in potential and current distributions that appear upon switch between uniform and nonlinear cathodic boundary conditions.
Response Characteristics of Thermoresponsive Polymers Using Nanomechanical Cantilever Sensors
Authors: Bradley Calvin , Jalili Nader , Nett Sebastian K. , Chu Liqiang , Förch Renate , Gutmann Jochen S. , Berger Rüdiger 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe investigated coatings of thermally responsive thin polymer films prepared on nanomechanical cantilever sensor (NCS): (i) a PNIPAM brush, and (ii) an interlinked ppDEA polymer. Upon heating from 22 to 50 °C in water, a minimum in the differential deflection between 31.9 ± 1.7 °C (PNIPAM) and 47.7 ± 1.9 °C (ppDEA) was measured. The minimum in differential deflection can be associated with the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the films. Below the LCST the NCS deflection corresponds to a bending toward the thermally responsive polymer film side, associated to dehydration. At higher temperature, the deflection was reversed, i.e., away from the polymer coating. This response is mainly attributed to a bimaterial effect between the collapsed polymer and the NCS material. The LCST of the PNIPAM brush layer and the ppDEA film were close to that reported for the bulk polymers.magnified image
Hop bitter acids efficiently block inflammation independent of GRα, PPARα, or PPARγ
Authors: Van Cleemput Marjan , Heyerick Arne , Libert Claude , Swerts Katrien , Philippé Jan , De Keukeleire Denis , Haegeman Guy , De Bosscher Karolien 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHop (Humulus lupulusL.) is an essential ingredient of beer, where it provides the typical bitter taste, but is also applied in traditional folk medicine for sedative and antibacterial purposes. In this study, we demonstrate and compare the anti‐inflammatory effect of various classes of hop bitter acids (HBA), including α‐acids (AA), β‐acids (BA), and iso‐α‐acids (IAA), in fibroblasts, which are important players in the inflammatory response. All three studied classes of HBA blocked the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)‐induced production of the cytokine IL6, and inhibited the transactivation of the pro‐inflammatory transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), and cAMP‐response element‐binding protein (CREB). In this respect, the six‐membered ring compounds AA and BA showed equal potency, whereas the five‐membered ring compounds, IAA, were effective only when used at higher concentrations. Furthermore, with regard to the mechanism of NF‐κB suppression, we excluded a possible role for glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα), peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptor alpha/gamma (PPARα or PPARγ), nuclear receptors (NRs) that are also known to inhibit inflammation by directly interfering with the activity of pro‐inflammatory transcription factors. Interestingly, combining hop acids and selective agonists for GRα, PPARα, or PPARγ resulted in additive inhibition of NF‐κB activity after TNF treatment, which may open up new avenues for combinatorial anti‐inflammatory strategies with fewer side effects. Finally, systemic administration of HBA efficiently inhibited acute local inflammationin vivo.
The usefulness of 2D DOSY and 3D DOSY‐COSY 1H NMR for mixture analysis: application to genuine and fake formulations of sildenafil (Viagra)
Authors: Trefi Saleh , Gilard Véronique , Balayssac Stéphane , Malet‐Martino Myriam , Martino Robert 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo‐dimensional diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) 1H NMR is proposed to analyze drugs that are complex mixtures in order to discriminate genuine from fake formulations. The method was applied to the analysis of 17 formulations of sildenafil, one being genuine Viagra and the others illegally manufactured formulations of this drug coming from India, Syria and China. It enabled (i) distinguishing imitations or counterfeit from the authentic formulation, (ii) detecting the presence of sildenafil or adulterants, (iii) gaining information on the formulation process by detection of various excipients, thus giving a precise and global ‘signature’ of the manufacturer. Even though some samples are slightly overdosed, the quality of products manufactured in India and Syria was better than that of Chinese formulations which were adulterated with vardenafil and homosildenafil. This study also presents a three‐dimensional DOSY‐COSY 1H NMR experiment that provides both virtual separation and structural information. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the complex formation of 1,6‐anhydro‐β‐maltotriose with potassium using 1H and 39K NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Kato Takayuki , Tsubono Koji , Kamo Osamu , Kato Toshiyo , Furihata Kazuo , Fujimoto Takashi , Machinami Tomoya , Tashiro Mitsuru 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe 1H and 39K longitudinal relaxation times (T1) and 1H diffusion coefficients were measured to investigate the complex formation of 1,6‐anhydro‐β‐maltotriose and potassium ions. Although the 1H‐T1 values of H3′, H5′, H1″ and H4″ decreased in the presence of potassium ions, 1H chemical shifts and 1H diffusion coefficients did not show significant changes. The long‐range coupling constants of 3JC−H around the glycosyl bonds did not show significant changes either. In the measurements of 39K spectra, the 39K signal obviously broadened and the 39K‐T1 values decreased in the presence of 1,6‐anhydro‐β‐maltotriose, indicating the complex formation of 1,6‐anhydro‐β‐maltotriose and potassium ions. These results indicate that the conformation and molecular volume were unaffected in the complex formation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metallocene‐Catalyzed Gas‐Phase Ethylene Copolymerization: Kinetics and Polymer Properties
Authors: Bergstra Michiel F. , Weickert Günter , Meier Gerben B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe influence of 1‐hexene is examined on the kinetics of ethylene copolymerization with a metallocene catalyst in gas phase. A model is derived, which is able to describe a large reaction rate increase due to a small amount of incorporated comonomer. This complexation model describes the measured reaction rates for ethylene and 1‐hexene, and the co‐monomer incorporation. Polymer properties were analyzed, such as comonomer weight fraction. The density, melting point, and molecular weight of the produced polymer decreased with increase in 1‐hexene gas concentration. The in situ 1‐hexene sorption is estimated and follows Henry's law, but seems much higher than reported in the literature.magnified image
Miniemulsion Copolymerization of Ethylene and Vinyl Acetate
Authors: Guo Juchen , Choi Kyu Yong , Schork F. Joseph 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe copolymerizations of a gaseous monomer (ethylene) and a liquid monomer (vinyl acetate) via emulsion and miniemulsion polymerizations are reported. Reactions in which the vinyl acetate was introduced in both batch and semibatch modes are carried out. (Ethylene introduction is always in a semibatch model since the polymerization is carried out under a constant pressure of ethylene in the reactor headspace.) The results are compared, drawing the conclusion that miniemulsion copolymerization has an advantage over conventional emulsion polymerization for monomers with very low water solubility (including gaseous monomers) due to their nucleation in monomer droplets without transport through the aqueous phase.magnified image
Application of Exp‐function method to EW‐Burgers equation
Authors: Biazar J. , Ayati Z. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this article, Exp‐function method is used to obtain an exact solution of the equal‐width wave‐Burgers equation (EW‐Burgers). The method is straightforward and concise, and its applications are promising. It is shown that Exp‐function method, with the help of symbolic computation, provides a very effective and powerful mathematical tool for solving EW‐Burgers equation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
New (PP/EPR)/nano‐CaCO3 based formulations in the perspective of polymer recycling. Effect of nanoparticles properties and compatibilizers
Authors: Mnif Nizar , Massardier Valérie , Kallel Tasnim , Elleuch Boubaker 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPhase structure of composite polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–propylene–rubber (EPR)/coated nano‐CaCO3 composites, used in the manufacture of bumpers, with and without compatibilizers has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) mechanical tests, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Blends of various compositions were prepared using a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The experimental results indicated that the dispersion of nanoparticles in (PP/EPR) depends on their surface (stearic acid and fatty acid coatings). In both cases, the final morphology is the core–shell structure in which EPR acts as the shell part encapsulating coated nano‐CaCO3. In this case, EPR‐g‐MAH copolymer does not improve the interface between (PP/EPR) and nanoparticles but PEP propylene ethylene copolymer should be preferentially localized at the interface of PP and (EPR/nano‐CaCO3) phases generating an improved adherence, which will ensure a better cohesion of the whole material. According to the nature of the compatibilizers and surface treatment, it is believed that the synergistic effect of both the EPR elastomer and CaCO3 nanoparticles should account for the balanced performance of the ternary composites. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a novel 12p13.3 amplicon in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Or Yvonne Y‐Y , Chung Grace T‐Y , To Ka‐Fai , Chow Chit , Choy Kwong‐Wai , Tong Carol Y‐K , Leung Alice W‐C , Hui Angela B‐Y , Tsao Sai‐Wah , Ng Ho‐Keung , Yip Timothy T‐C , Busson Pierre , Lo Kwok‐Wai 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct type of head and neck cancer commonly occurring in southern China. To decipher the molecular basis of this cancer, we performed high‐resolution array CGH analysis on eight tumour lines and 10 primary tumours to identify the genes involved in NPC tumorigenesis. In this study, multiple regions of gain were consistently found at 1q21‐q24, 7q11‐12, 7q21‐22., 11q13, 12p13, 12q13, 19p13 and 19q13. Importantly, a 2.1 Mb region at 12p13.31 was highly amplified in a NPC xenograft, xeno‐2117. By FISH mapping, we have further delineated the amplicon to a 1.24 region flanked by RP11‐319E16 and RP11‐433J6. Copy number gains of this amplicon were confirmed in 21/41 (51%) primary tumours, while three cases (7.3%) showed high copy number amplification. Among the 13 genes within this amplicon, three candidate genes, lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR), tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily memeber 1A (TNFRSF1R) and FLJ10665, were specifically over‐expressed in the NPC xenograft with 12p13.3 amplification. However, only LTβR was frequently over‐expressed in primary tumours. LTβR is a member of the TNF family of receptors, which can modulate NF‐κB signalling pathways. Over‐expression of LTβR in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells resulted in an increase of NF‐κB activity and cell proliferation. In vivo study showed that suppression of LTβR by siRNA led to growth inhibition in the NPC tumour with 12p13.3 amplification. These findings implied that LTβR is a potential NPC‐associated oncogene within the 12p13.3 amplicon and that its alteration is important in NPC tumorigenesis. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of loading‐unloading cycles on impact‐damaged jute/glass hybrid laminates
Authors: De Rosa Igor Maria , Santulli Carlo , Sarasini Fabrizio , Valente Marco 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe production of glass/plant fiber hybrid laminates is a possibility for obtaining semistructural materials with sufficient impact properties, and a better life cycle analysis (LCA) profile than fiberglass. The simplest and possibly the most effective configuration for the production of these hybrids would involve the use of a plant fiber reinforced laminate as the core between two glass fiber reinforced laminates. A main limitation to the use of composites including plant fibers is that their properties may be significantly affected by the presence of damage, so that even the application of a low stress level can result in laminate failure. In particular, it is suggested that when loading is repeatedly applied and removed, residual properties may vary in an unpredictable way. In this work, E‐glass/jute hybrid reinforced laminates, impacted in a range of energies (10, 12.5, and 15 J), have been subjected to post‐impact cyclic flexural tests with a step loading procedure. This would allow evaluating the effect of damage dissipation offered by the plant fiber reinforced core. The tests have also been monitored by acoustic emission (AE), which has confirmed the existence of severe limitations to the use of this hybrid material when impacted at energies close to penetration. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Crystalline transition behavior of sisal in cycle process
Authors: Yi Changhai , Tian Lei , Tang Fen , Wang Luoxin , Zou Hantao , Xu Weilin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study, the effects of cycle process on crystalline transition behavior of sisal fiber were investigated in various conditions (in air, in composites and in argon) by XRD analysis. The results indicated that the sisal cellulose falls into cellulose I, and the polymorphic transformation didn't occur for sisal cellulose after cycle process. With increasing of thermal cycle times, the crystalline size of sisal became smaller gradually, but the change was not obvious when sisal fiber was treated thermally in air and in argon before five times. The change trend of crystalline index of sisal after cycle process in air and in argon was similar. However, it is different in composites. From once to 10 times cycle process, the crystalline index of sisal fiber was degressive. When the cycle times was close to 15, crystalline index increased gradually. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
On the prediction of long‐term creep‐failure of GRP pipes in aqueous environment
Authors: Guedes Rui Miranda , Sá Alcides , Faria Hugo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the long‐term failure of GRP (Glass fiber‐reinforced Polymer) pipes under the influence of moisture absorption. These pipes are used in water transportation, which has an important effect on the mechanical properties of the polymeric matrix. The GRP pipes are usually tested under ring deflection or internal pressure conditions. This study presents and analyzes experimental creep‐rupture data obtained from standard test methods under ring deflection conditions. This loading configuration simulates in laboratory the conditions verified in a subsoil installation. The creep testing was carried out under constant dead weight on unconditioned and preconditioned samples in a submerged condition. The diametrical deflection of samples was measured periodically, and the time to failure of each sample was recorded. The main purpose of this work was to determine the short and long‐term rupture energies of GRP pipes and assess the influence of moisture preconditioning on those values. The observed failure mode was always the same. It was concluded that the energy at failure decreases with time. The influence of the preconditioning on the creep‐rupture of GRP pipes was considered negligible. Different time‐dependent failure models were described and used for long‐term extrapolation of the experimental data. The maximum strain at failure decreased about 12% from 0.1 to 1,000 hr of creep testing. Furthermore, data extrapolation to 50 years predicts a reduction of strength of about 60%, founded on the most conservative time‐dependent failure criterion. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Primary care, secondary care or both: is there a consensus on long term management of diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Flanagan DE , Craig A , English PJ 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that specific referral guidelines are unhelpful because of wide variations in individual clinical practice.A series of representative diabetes case studies were given to a group of primary care, general practice (GP) clinicians for comment. The same cases were given to a group of secondary care clinicians. The suggested management strategies were compared.Overall the results show very little agreement among either primary care or secondary care clinicians for a series of commonly presenting clinical cases. Approximately a third of GP responses for each group of cases suggested primary care management with a third each split between secondary or shared care. Long term follow up of the cases was also disputed but a greater proportion felt that continuing specialist input would not be required. Patient choice was not considered an important factor in deciding the most appropriate place for care.Although specific management strategies would be helpful for service planners, in reality clinicians differ greatly in what they feel should be managed in primary or secondary care. This variability needs to be considered in future planning for long term conditions such as diabetes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glibenclamide controls ketosis‐prone diabetes in a 38‐year‐old woman with Kir6.2 mutation
Authors: Jose B , Griffiths U , Barrett PhD T , Hattersley AT , Milles JJ 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMonogenic forms of diabetes, where there is a single gene defect causing diabetes, are rare, accounting for about 1‐2% of all cases of diabetes in young people. Neonatal diabetes is one form of monogenic diabetes. It usually presents within six months of birth and can be permanent or transient. Several mutations in the KCNJ11 gene lead to permanent neonatal diabetes by interfering with insulin release from islet cells. These patients can be treated with sulphonylureas as they facilitate insulin secretion by acting on the mutated pancreatic potassium channel.We report the case of a patient with KCNJ11 S3C mutation, who is the oldest patient with neonatal diabetes to have successfully transferred from insulin to sulphonylureas. She was diagnosed with diabetes at the age of four and was treated as having type 1 diabetes mellitus. Her glycaemic control was always sub‐optimal; she had had several admissions with diabetic ketoacidosis. Her daughter who developed diabetes at six weeks was found to have neonatal diabetes, which led to her genetic testing. Our patient was also diagnosed with the same KCNJ11 mutation as her daughter. At 38 years of age, after outpatient assessment, she was started on glibenclamide and in three weeks came off insulin completely, achieving good glycaemic control with glibenclamide. Her HbA1c improved from 10% pre‐transfer to 5.9% in four months. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.