bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common lessons learned from an analysis of multiple case histories
Authors: Yang Xiaole , Dinh Linh T.T. , Castellanos Diana , Amado Carmen H. Osorio , Ng Dedy , Mannan M. Sam 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn recent years there has been increased emphasis on process safety as a result of major chemical incidents involving gas releases, major explosions, and environmental incidents. Spending some time to fix our eyes on the historical catastrophes of industrial processes is necessary for process safety improvement. While each case history presents an important foundation for understanding, identifying, and eliminating root causes, to prevent recurrence of these incidents there is a need to identify the common lessons learned. Root causes are usually deficiencies in safety management systems, but can be any factor that would have prevented the incident if that factor had not occurred. In this article, multiple case histories were analyzed to understand the common similarities between process incidents. The objective of this article is to focus on learning some common lessons from the historical incidents in order to prevent recurrences of similar incidents. Ten important lessons were identified and are described in this article. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2011
Use of a nonlinear pseudo‐relative humidity variable in a multivariate formulation of moisture analysis
Authors: Gustafsson N. , Thorsteinsson S. , Stengel M. , Hólm E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present a reformulation of the humidity part of the HIRLAM (HIgh‐Resolution Limited‐Area Model) variational data assimilation. The purpose is to rectify some of the shortcomings of the present formulation which uses specific humidity, q, as an assimilation control variable with homogeneous and static covariances. One problem is that specific humidity forecast errors tend to have a non‐Gaussian probability distribution, in particular near saturation and near zero humidity. In addition, the variance of the distribution tends to change in space and time due to the dependency of the water vapour saturation pressure on temperature. A modified pseudo‐relative humidity variable has been adapted to the statistical balance background constraint, including the associated moisture balance formulation. Background‐error statistics for the new moisture control variable and the moisture‐related balances were derived, taking differences between forecasts valid at the same time as a proxy for background forecast errors. The background‐error statistics were compared with the corresponding statistics for specific humidity as the moisture assimilation control variable. In connection with the nonlinearity of the change of the variable, it was noted that specified background‐error standard deviations were chosen to be substantially reduced for nearly dry and saturated states, which can raise difficulties. The impact of the new moisture assimilation control variable is illustrated with simulated observation experiments as well as data assimilation experiments using real observations, for one summer month and one winter month in a 4D‐Var assimilation cycle using two outer loop iterations in the 4D‐Var minimization. The impact of the new formulation on forecast verification scores is small and essentially neutral, while using the second outer loop in the old formulation has a small positive impact. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
A molecular dynamics study of sodium dodecyl sulfate‐methane system in water using the improved lennard jones formulation
Authors: Costantini Alessandro , Albertí Margarita , Fernando Pirani  , Laganà Antonio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe behavior of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐methane system in water has been investigated using molecular dynamics calculations performed on a local cluster as well as on the EGI‐grid distributed platform. To this end, the model adapted molecular polarizability centers for force‐fields has been adopted to provide in a reliable and suitable analytical form the various intermolecular potentials involved. Structural properties of the system have been then investigated by varying the number of water molecules solvating the SDS and the CH4 molecules. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 112:1810–1817, 2012
Spectral representation of Hartree‐Fock exchange operator
Authors: Mysovsky Andrey S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe report a new mathematical result: it is possible to construct a spectral representation of the two particles Coulomb potential in the form of |r − r′|−1 = ∑λλg(r) gλ(r′). We call this formula λ‐decomposition. Two special nontrivial cases of λ‐decomposition are reported together with the numerical analysis of the convergence for one of them. It is shown how λ‐decomposition allows to construct a new fast algorithm for Hartree‐Fock exchange operator calculation, in which the calculation of electron repulsion integrals (ERIs) is completely avoided. The connection between the new method and the resolution of identity and Cholesky decomposition based approaches has been established. Finally, the accuracy of ERIs evaluation within the new approach has been studied numerically. The results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve the accuracy of 10−10 for the ERIs in wide range of their orbital exponents with relatively small number of terms in λ‐decomposition. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Flexible estimation of covariance function by penalized spline with application to longitudinal family data
Authors: Wang Yuanjia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLongitudinal data are routinely collected in biomedical research studies. A natural model describing longitudinal data decomposes an individual's outcome as the sum of a population mean function and random subject‐specific deviations. When parametric assumptions are too restrictive, methods modeling the population mean function and the random subject‐specific functions nonparametrically are in demand. In some applications, it is desirable to estimate a covariance function of random subject‐specific deviations. In this work, flexible yet computationally efficient methods are developed for a general class of semiparametric mixed effects models, where the functional forms of the population mean and the subject‐specific curves are unspecified. We estimate nonparametric components of the model by penalized spline (P‐spline,Biometrics2001;57:253–259), and reparameterize the random curve covariance function by a modified Cholesky decomposition (Biometrics2002;58:121–128) which allows for unconstrained estimation of a positive‐semidefinite matrix. To provide smooth estimates, we penalize roughness of fitted curves and derive closed‐form solutions in the maximization step of an EM algorithm. In addition, we present models and methods for longitudinal family data where subjects in a family are correlated and we decompose the covariance function into a subject‐level source and observation‐level source. We apply these methods to the multi‐level Framingham Heart Study data to estimate age‐specific heritability of systolic blood pressure nonparametrically. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the geographical distribution of co‐infection risk from single‐disease surveys
Authors: Schur Nadine , Gosoniu L. , Raso G. , Utzinger J. , Vounatsou P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground: The need to deliver interventions targeting multiple diseases in a cost‐effective manner calls for integrated disease control efforts. Consequently, maps are required that show where the risk of co‐infection is particularly high. Co‐infection risk is preferably estimated via Bayesian geostatistical multinomial modelling, using data from surveys screening for multiple infections simultaneously. However, only few surveys have collected this type of data.Methods: Bayesian geostatistical shared component models (allowing for covariates, disease‐specific and shared spatial and non‐spatial random effects) are proposed to model the geographical distribution and burden of co‐infection risk from single‐disease surveys. The ability of the models to capture co‐infection risk is assessed on simulated data sets based on multinomial distributions assuming light‐ and heavy‐dependent diseases, and a real data set of Schistosoma mansoni–hookworm co‐infection in the region of Man, Côte d'Ivoire. The data were restructured as if obtained from single‐disease surveys. The estimated results of co‐infection risk, together with independent and multinomial model results, were compared via different validation techniques.Results: The results showed that shared component models result in more accurate estimates of co‐infection risk than models assuming independence in settings of heavy‐dependent diseases. The shared spatial random effects are similar to the spatial co‐infection random effects of the multinomial model for heavy‐dependent data.Conclusions: In the absence of true co‐infection data geostatistical shared component models are able to estimate the spatial patterns and burden of co‐infection risk from single‐disease survey data, especially in settings of heavy‐dependent diseases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role‐play virtual worlds for teaching object‐oriented design: the ViRPlay development experience
Authors: Jimenez‐Diaz Guillermo , Gonzalez‐Calero Pedro A. , Gomez‐Albarran Mercedes 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe use of game technology for building virtual learning environments is intended to improve the motivation and engagement of the student, borrowing such properties from their entertaining counterparts. Nevertheless, wrapping pedagogical contents in a virtual environment is no simple achievement, and requires a rigorous process of designing and validating the metaphors and mechanics included in the virtual learning system. In this paper we describe such design process exemplified in the construction of consecutive versions of ViRPlay, a 3D role play virtual environment for teaching object‐oriented design. We show how main mechanics were transferred from experiments in the real world and how such mechanics were evolved based on empirical evaluations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase and Microstructural Analysis of Hot Rolled FeNi42 Sheet, its Response in Magnetic and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Jiraskova Y. , Bursik J. , Tucek J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInclusions unavoidably existing in steels and consequently also in final products obtained by e.g. rolling markedly affects the physical properties. This paper is devoted to investigation of FeNi42 steel hot rolled into a sheet form. The structural and phase analysis is done by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy completed by magnetic and hardness measurements. The results yield an inhomogeneous nickel distribution in the sheet resulting in a formation of the intermetallic Ni3Fe phase. A depletion of sheet surface by nickel leads to an intensive surface oxidation; its thickness increases in the direction of sheet edges. The non‐metallic oxide inclusions are concentrated predominantly at grain boundaries, which contribute to an easier cracking. The formation of Ni3Fe affects a small increase in saturation magnetization. The oxides and consequently cracks formation cause magnetic hardening as can be seen on an increase of the structurally sensitive remnant magnetization. The hard oxide inclusions evoke also the hardening of material, rise brittleness and crack liability.
The metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist 2‐methyl‐6‐(phenylethynyl) pyridine decreases striatal VGlut2 expression in association with an attenuation of L‐dopa‐induced dyskinesias
Authors: Marin C. , Bonastre M. , Aguilar E. , Jiménez A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe striatal glutamatergic hyperactivity is considered critical in the development of levodopa‐induced dyskinesias (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Pharmacological antagonism of the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), in particular, the subtype mGluR5, can inhibit the expression of dyskinesia in both rodent and nonhuman primate models of PD. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the mGluR5 antagonism effects are not completely known. The vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluts) are localized in the synaptic vesicles of the striatal glutamatergic axonal terminals. The effects of mGluR5 antagonism modulating VGlut1 and VGlut2, as selective markers for the corticostriatal and thalamostriatal pathways, respectively, are still unknown. We investigated the effects of the mGluR5 antagonist, 2‐methyl‐6‐(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP) on the striatal expression of VGlut1 and VGlut2 in levodopa‐treated hemiparkinsonian rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats received a unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) administration in the nigrostriatal pathway. Rats were treated with: (a) levodopa (12 mg/kg/day with benserazide 15 mg/kg, ip) + vehicle; (b) MPEP (1.5 mg/kg/day, ip) + vehicle; (c) levodopa + MPEP, or (d) saline for 10 days. Levodopa treatment induced dyskinesias and did not modify the striatal expression of either VGlut1 or VGlut2. The administration of MPEP significantly attenuated LID and decreased the levels of VGlut2, but not the VGlut1, in the striatum ipsilateral to the lesion (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the effects of MPEP on LID might be mediated by a modulating effect on VGlut 2 expression. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive collapse‐resisting capacity of modular mega‐frame buildings
Authors: Kim Jinkoo , Jung Minkang 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYIn this study, the progressive collapse‐resisting capacity of modular mega‐frame structures consisting of a few identical subsystems was investigated based on column‐loss scenario. Four types of mega‐frame structures were designed as basic analysis model structures. According to pushdown analysis results, the mega‐frame structure with four corner columns did not satisfy the design guidelines for progressive collapse regardless of the number of subsystems when one of the first‐story mega‐columns was removed. To enhance the resistance against progressive collapse, we redesigned the basic model structure with four mega‐columns by adding additional floor trusses in the transfer floors, adding moment‐resisting frames at the perimeter and adding vertical mega‐bracing. The pushdown analysis results showed that the schemes with additional mega‐braces were most effective in increasing the progressive collapse‐resisting capacity of mega‐frame buildings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ESD robustness improvement for integrated DMOS transistors —the different gate‐voltage dependence of It2 between VDMOS and LDMOS transistors
Authors: Hatasako Kenichi , Yamamoto Fumitoshi , Uenishi Akio , Kuroi Takashi , Maegawa Shigeto , Fujiwara Yasufumi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper presents the device‐level electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness improvement for integrated vertical double‐diffused MOS (VDMOS) and lateral double‐diffused MOS (LDMOS) transistors by changing device structure. The ESD robustness of VDMOS transistor was improved by preventing current concentration and that of LDMOS transistor was improved by relaxing the electric field under the LOCOS oxide. We found the different gate‐voltage dependence of the second breakdown current (It2) between VDMOS and LDMOS transistors. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Predictive risk factors for clinically relevant pancreatic fistula analyzed in 1,239 patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy: multicenter data collection as a project study of pancreatic surgery by the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: Kawai Manabu , Kondo Satoshi , Yamaue Hiroki , Wada Keita , Sano Keiji , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Unno Michiaki , Satoi Sohei , Kwon A‐Hon , Hatori Takashi , Yamamoto Masakazu , Matsumoto Joe , Murakami Yoshiaki , Doi Ryuichiro , Ito Masahiro , Miyakawa Shuichi , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Natsugoe Shoji , Nakagawara Hisatoshi , Ohta Tetsuo , Takada Tadahiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground/purposeIt is important to predict the development of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (grade B/C) in the early period after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This study has been carried out as a project study of the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery (JSHPBS) to evaluate the predictive factors associated with clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (grade B/C).MethodThe data of 1,239 patients from 11 medical institutions who had undergone PD between July 2005 and June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed to review patient characteristics and perioperative and postoperative parameters.ResultsA drain amylase level >4,000 IU/L on postoperative day (POD) 1 was proposed as the cut‐off level to predict clinical relevant pancreatic fistula by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of this cut‐off level were 62.2, 89.0, and 84.8%, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male [odds ratio (OR) 1.7,p = 0.039], intraoperative bleeding >1,000 ml (OR 2.5,p = 0.001), soft pancreas (OR 2.7,p = 0.001), and drain amylase level on POD 1 >4,000 IU/L (OR 8.6,p < 0.001) were the significant predictive factors for clinical pancreatic fistula.ConclusionThe four predictive risk factors identified here can provide useful information useful for tailoring postoperative management of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (grade B/C).
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic pancreatic surgery
Authors: Horiguchi Akihiko , Uyama Ichiro , Ito Masahiro , Ishihara Shin , Asano Yukio , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Ishida Yoshinori , Miyakawa Shuichi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn the field of gastroenterological surgery, laparoscopic surgery has advanced remarkably, and now accounts for most gastrointestinal operations. This paper outlines the current status of and future perspectives on robot‐assisted laparoscopic pancreatectomy.MethodsA review of the literature and authors’ experience was undertaken.ResultsThe da Vinci Surgical System is a robot for assisting laparoscopy and is safer than conventional endoscopes, thanks to the 3‐dimensional hi‐vision images it yields, high articular function with the ability to perform 7 types of gripping, scaling function enabling 2:1, 3:1, and 5:1 adjustment of surgeon hand motion and forceps motions, a filtering function removing shaking of the surgeon's hand, and visual magnification. By virtue of these functions, this system is expected to be particularly useful for patients requiring delicate operative manipulation.ConclusionsIssues of importance remaining in robot‐assisted laparoscopic pancreatectomy include its time of operation, which is longer than that of open surgery, and the extra time needed for application of the da Vinci compared with ordinary laparoscopic surgery. These issues may be resolved through accumulation of experience and modifications of the procedure. Robot‐assisted laparoscopic pancreatectomy appears likely to become a standard procedure in the near future.
Intergenerational Profiles of Socioeconomic (Dis)advantage and Obesity During the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Scharoun-Lee Melissa , Gordon-Larsen Penny , Adair Linda S. , Popkin Barry M. , Kaufman Jay S. , Suchindran Chirayath M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Investigations of socioeconomic status (SES) and health during the transition to adulthood in the United States are complicated by the later and more varied transitions in residence, employment, schooling, and social roles compared with previous generations. Parental SES is an important influence during adolescence but cannot sufficiently capture the SES of the independent young adult. Typical, single SES indicators based on income or education likely misclassify the SES of young adults who have not yet completed their education or other training, or who have entered the labor force early with ultimately lower status attainment. We use a latent class analysis (LCA) framework to characterize five intergenerational SES groups, combining multidimensional SES information from two time points—that is, adolescent (parental) and young adult (self) SES data. Associations of these groups with obesity, a high-risk health outcome in young adults, revealed nuanced relationships not seen using traditional intergenerational SES measures. In males, for example, a middle-class upbringing in adolescence and continued material advantage into adulthood was associated with nearly as high obesity as a working poor upbringing and early, detrimental transitions. This intergenerational typology of early SES exposure facilitates understanding of SES and health during young adulthood.
Cross-National Sources of Health Inequality: Education and Tobacco Use in the World Health Survey
Authors: Pampel Fred C. , Denney Justin T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe spread of tobacco use from the West to other parts of the world, especially among disadvantaged socioeconomic groups, raises concerns not only about the indisputable harm to global health but also about worsening health inequality. Arguments relating to economic cost and diffusion posit that rising educational disparities in tobacco use—and associated disparities in health and premature mortality—are associated with higher national income and more advanced stages of cigarette diffusion, particularly among younger persons and males. To test these arguments, we use World Health Survey data for 99,661 men and 123,953 women from 50 low-income to upper-middle–income nations. Multilevel logistic regression models show that increases in national income and cigarette diffusion widen educational disparities in smoking among young persons and men but have weaker influences among older persons and women. The results suggest that the social and economic patterns of cigarette adoption across low- and middle-income nations foretell continuing, and perhaps widening, disparities in mortality.
Beneficial effects of dietary fibre supplementation of a high-fat diet on fetal development in rats
Authors: Lin Yan , Han Xing-fa , Fang Zheng-feng , Che Lian-qiang , Nelson Jerry , Yan Tan-hai , Wu De 
Published: April 2011

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of the addition of fibre and the antioxidantN-acetylcysteine (NAC) to fat-rich diets on fetal intrauterine development in rats. A total of eighty virgin female Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a control diet, a high-fat diet (HF), a high-fat and high-fibre diet (HFF) or a high-fat NAC diet until day 19·5 of gestation. Maternal HFF consumption resulted in a significantly higher mean fetal number and placental weight than in the other groups (P < 0·05). The HFF diet significantly abrogated HF-induced decreases in maternal serum and placental superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities (P < 0·05); partially abrogated HF-induced increases in maternal serum and placental malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl concentrations (maternal serum MDA and placental protein carbonyl,P < 0·05); resulted in significantly higher fetal liver total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu- and Zn-containing SOD and Mn-containing SOD (Mn-SOD) activities than in the HF group (P < 0·05). Furthermore, mRNA expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, thioredoxin 2 and Mn-SOD in fetal liver and Mn-SOD in fetal heart and placental GLUT3 in the HFF group were higher than those in the other groups (P < 0·05). The inclusion of dietary fibre in the HF diet was more effective than NAC supplementation in maintaining maternal serum and placental superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities close to those of the control. These results suggest that maternal fibre intake during pregnancy is beneficial for fetal intrauterine development possibly through the improvement of maternal, placental and fetal antioxidant capacities and placental nutrient transfer capacity.