bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tonotopic organization of the superior olivary nucleus in the chicken auditory brainstem
Authors: Tabor Kathryn M. , Coleman William L. , Rubel Edwin W , Burger R. Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTopographic maps are salient features of neuronal organization in sensory systems. Inhibitory components of neuronal circuitry are often embedded within this organization, making them difficult to isolate experimentally. The auditory system provides opportunities to study the topographic organization of inhibitory long‐range projection nuclei, such as the superior olivary nucleus (SON). We analyzed the topographic organization of response features of neurons in the SON of chickens. Quantitative methods were developed to assess and communicate this organization. These analyses led to three main conclusions: 1) sound frequency is linearly arranged from dorsal (low frequencies) to ventral (high frequencies) in SON; 2) this tonotopic organization is less precise than the organization of the excitatory nuclei in the chicken auditory brainstem; and 3) neurons with different response patterns to pure tone stimuli are interspersed throughout the SON and show similar tonotopic organizations. This work provides a predictive model to determine the optimal stimulus frequency for a neuron from its spatial location in the SON. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1493–1508, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abdominal vagal afferent pathways and their distributions of intraganglionic laminar endings in the rat duodenum
Authors: Wang Feng‐Bin , Young Yao Kuang , Kao Chih‐Kuan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe examined abdominal vagal afferents (n = 33) and the distributions of their intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs) in the duodenum. Rats (male, Sprague‐Dawley) received a partial subdiaphragmatic vagotomy that spared a single branch. Wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase (0.5–1.0 μl) was injected into the nodose ganglion ipsilateral to the vagotomized side. We observed that the hepatic branch does not project to the stomach, that the accessory celiac and celiac branches course along the celiac artery and innervate the intestines, and that the left nodose afferents innervate predominantly the duodenum. The hepatic branch innervates the duodenum via the “hepatoduodenal” subbranch and has the densest IGLE distribution in both the dorsoventral and the rostrocaudal extensions of the first 4‐cm segment. Both gastric branches have two subbranches that innervate the duodenum; the “lesser curvature” subbranches follow the lesser curvature artery and may join the “hepatoduodenal” subbranch, whereas the “pyloric” subbranches run through the antrum and pylorus to reach the proximal duodenum. Moreover, the subbranches of ventral and dorsal gastric branches innervate more in the ventral and dorsal parts of the duodenum, respectively, and have more IGLEs in the rostral region than in the caudal. A posteriori comparisons indicate that, in the first‐centimeter segment, the ventral gastric branch has significantly more IGLEs, whereas, in the third‐ and fourth‐centimeter segments, the hepatic branch has more IGLEs. The finding that three different vagal branches innervate the duodenum with different densities of afferent endings might indicate a viscerotopic receptive field that coordinates digestive functions in feeding. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1098–1113, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fit‐first to be tied
Authors: Brill Michael H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis poem summarizes the fit‐first method of camera evaluation described in Jim Worthey's “Applications of vectorial color.” The algorithm works with the locus of unit monochromats (LUM) in camera and CIE color‐matching spaces. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011;
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma—A comparison study
Authors: Marks Rebecca A. , Cramer Harvey M. , Wu Howard H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe cytopathologic diagnosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma can be problematic as there are several components of the differential diagnosis that share common cytomorphologic features. In this study, we report the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) findings of 16 basaloid squamous cell carcinoma cases and compare those cases to 16 cases of small cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the largest series of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma FNA cases ever reported. The following cytomorphologic features were compared for both tumors: cohesive tissue fragments, single cells, adenoid cystic‐like features (cribriform pseudoglandular lumina with hyaline materials), necrosis, nuclear size, nuclear molding, nucleoli, cytoplasm, and the presence of single keratinized cells. Adenoid cystic‐like features and the presence of single keratinized cells were specific for basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.05). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Papanicolaou smears, benign appearing endometrial cells bear no significance in predicting uterine endometrial adenocarcinomas
Authors: Moatamed Neda A. , Le Lam‐Thuy , Levin Mary R. , Govind Rekha , Apple Sophia K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReporting of benign appearing endometrial cells (BECs) in the Papanicolaou smears of women aging 40 years or older was mandated in the Bethesda System 2001 aiming at predicting the uterine pathology. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the BECs in patients in our Medical Center. A two‐arm study was designed in ≥40‐years‐old women with BECs and without BECs in their Pap smears from January 2002 to December 2004. Of 21,965 patients, 882 had BECs in their Pap smears and the rest did not. Among the patients with BECs, 186 (study group) and among those without BECs, 2,064 (control group) had histopathologic follow‐ups. There were 4 patients in the study and 47 in the control groups who had uterine adenocarcinoma. The Chi‐square P‐value for adenocarcinoma between the two groups was 0.91; indicating insignificant differences between the two groups. We conclude that presence of BECs in the Pap smears of ≥40‐years‐old women signal no significance as a harbinger of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:335–341. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of ten new designer drugs by GC‐MS, UPLC‐QTOF‐MS, and NMR as part of a police investigation of a Danish Internet company
Authors: Reitzel Lotte A. , Dalsgaard Petur W. , Müller Irene B. , Cornett Claus 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe ability of forensic laboratories to detect and identify unknown compounds is highly important since new, non‐controlled designer drugs are appearing on the market with increasing frequency. In this study, the combined use of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time of flight‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS) was used for screening of new unknowns. In one large seizure from a Danish Internet company, ten different drugs were identified. Several of the compounds were seized for the first time in Denmark. The GC‐MS and UPLC‐QTOF‐MS analyses were supplemented by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for the structural elucidation of p‐fluoroamphetamine, mephedrone (4‐methylmethcathinone), flephedrone (4‐fluoromethcathinone), PPP (α‐pyrrolidinopropiophenone), MDPV (3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone), Bk‐MBDB (2‐methylamino‐1‐(3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl)butan‐1‐one), pFBT (3‐(pfluorobenzoyl)‐tropane), and JWH‐073 (1‐butyl‐3‐(1‐naphthoyl)indol), whereas methylone (3,4‐methylenedioxymethcathinone) and N‐ethylcathinone matched electron impact‐mass spectrometry (EI‐MS) library spectra and therefore the screenings were considered sufficient.EI‐MS spectra and the proposed main fragmentation patterns are presented as well as QTOF‐MS exact masses and fragments and NMR chemical shifts. For the β‐ketophenylethylamines (mephedrone, flephedrone, PPP, MDPV, Bk‐MBDB, methylone, and N‐ethylcathinone) some general fragmentation patterns observed in the EI‐MS and QTOF‐MS spectra are further discussed and compared to other β‐ketophenylethylamines. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogel Membrane Improves Batch‐to‐Batch Reproducibility of an Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor
Authors: Trzebinski Jakub , Moniz Anna Radomska‐Botelho , Sharma Sanjiv , Burugapalli Krishna , Moussy Francis , Cass Anthony E. G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA permselective membrane is a critical component that defines the linear detection limits, the sensitivity, and thus the ultimate efficacy of an enzymatic biosensor. Although membranes like epoxy‐polyurethane (epoxy‐PU) and Nafion are widely used and provide the desired glucose detection limits of 2 to 30 mM, both the within batch and batch‐to‐batch variability of sensors that use these materials is a concern. The hypothesis for this study was that a crosslinked hydrogel would have a sufficiently uniform porosity and hydrophilicity to address the variability in sensor sensitivity. The hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking di‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate andN‐vinyl pyrrolidone with 2.5 mol% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate using water soluble initiators – ammonium persulfate and sodium metabisulfite under a nitrogen atmosphere. The hydrogel was applied to the sensor by dip coating during polymerisation. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the response characteristics of sensors coated with this membrane are highly consistent. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to spatially resolve glucose diffusion through the membrane by measuring the consequent H2O2release and compared with an epoxy‐PU membrane. Hydrogen peroxide measurements using SECM revealed that the epoxy‐PU membranes had uneven lateral diffusion profiles compared to the uniform profile of the hydrogel membranes. The uneven diffusion profiles of epoxy‐PU membranes are attributed to a fabrication method that results in uneven membrane properties, while the uniform diffusion profiles of the hydrogel membranes are primarily dictated by their uniform pore size.
Single‐walled Carbon Nanotube Strings for Biosensor Development
Authors: Ferrance Jerome P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStrings of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were prepared using an aqueous dispersion of gellan gum wrapped nanotubes and crosslinked using Ca2+ ions. Various formulations were evaluated to determine the parameters for successful string formation; these included 8–12 % nanotube by weight, 60–70 % gellan gum, and 20–30 % KCl. Strings showed electrical conductivity when dried between ITO electrodes. Conductivity variations were observed and potential sources of the variation identified. Proteins were attached to the carbon nanotube strings with peroxidase enzymatic activity detected following horseradish peroxidase attachment. This work provides a basis for development of electronic biosensors based on these carbon nanotube strings.
Reassemblable quasi‐chip free‐flow electrophoresis with simple heating dispersion for rapid micropreparation of trypsin in crude porcine pancreatin
Authors: Geng Jia‐Zhen , Shao Jing , Yang Jing‐Hua , Pang Bo , Cao Cheng‐Xi , Fan Liu‐Yin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn increasing number of small biosamples (e.g. proteins and enzymes) need micropreparation in lab. However, neither large‐scale free‐flow electrophoresis (LS‐FFE) nor chip FFE (C‐FFE) could fit the growing demands. Herein, a simple quasi‐chip FFE (QC‐FFE) was constructed. In contrast to C‐FFE, the features of QC‐FFE are as follows: (i) its separation chamber is reassemblable and rewashable avoiding discard of C‐FFE due to blockage of solute precipitation in chamber; (ii) its chamber size is 45 mm×30 mm×(80–500) μm (108–654 μL volume) having function of micropreparation; (iii) there are up to 16 outlets in QC‐FFE bestowing fine fraction for micropurification. The QC‐FFE was used for the micropurification of model enzyme of self‐digestible trypsin in crude pancreatin. Under the given conditions, the purification factor of enzyme was 11.7, the specific activity reached 6236 U/mg, the run time for 19 μL sample purification was 45 s and the throughput of trypsin was 3.34 mg/h, and the yield of pure trypsin was 55.2%. All of the results show the feasibility of enzyme micropreparation via QC‐FFE. The developed device and procedure have potential use to other micropurification of protein or peptide sample.
Passive sampling provides evidence for Newark Bay as a source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans to the New York/New Jersey, USA, atmosphere
Authors: Friedman Carey L. , Cantwell Mark G. , Lohmann Rainer 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Freely dissolved and gas phase polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were measured in the water column and atmosphere at five locations within Newark Bay (New Jersey, USA) from May 2008 to August 2009 with polyethylene (PE) passive samplers. Mono- to octa-CDDs and mono- to hepta-CDFs were detected in bottom and surface waters at ≤20 pg/L with no clear gradient between sampling locations, suggesting freely dissolved PCDD/Fs are well mixed in Newark Bay. The most concentrated, freely dissolved gas phase congener was 2,7/2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7/2,8-DiCDD), likely originating from photochemical conversion of triclosan in Newark Bay. Air–surface water gradients strongly favored net volatilization of PCDD/PCDFs from Newark Bay. Water-to-air fluxes of 2,7/2,8-DiCDD and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), the most concentrated and the most toxic PCDD/PCDFs, respectively, were approximately 60 ng/m2 per month and 14 to 51 pg/m2 per month. Significant decreases in freely dissolved 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations with increasing freshwater near the Passaic River and conservative behavior during the summer of 2009 suggested Passaic sediments as a likely source of 2,3,7,8-TCDD to Newark Bay. Mass balance calculations implied that almost 50% of freely dissolved 2,3,7,8-TCDD delivered to Newark Bay from the Hackensack and Passaic Rivers was lost to volatilization in the summer of 2009. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:253–261. © 2011 SETAC
Transplacental transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in arctic beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas)
Authors: Desforges Jean-Pierre W. , Ross Peter S. , Loseto Lisa L. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study found that arctic beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) transferred, on average, 11.4% (7.5 mg) and 11.1% (0.1 mg) of their polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) blubber burden to their near-term fetuses. A single physicochemical parameter, log KOW, largely explained this transplacental transfer for PCBs (r2 = 0.79, p &lt; 0.00001) and PBDEs (r2 = 0.37, p = 0.007), with congeners having a log KOW &lt; 6.5 preferentially transferred to the fetus. Blubber concentrations of 257 ng/g lipid weight (lw) PCBs and 3.8 ng/g (lw) PBDEs in beluga fetuses highlights the exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds during a critical developmental stage. The implications of detecting these levels of legacy PCBs and the flame retardant PBDEs in unborn arctic beluga are unclear. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:296–300. © 2011 SETAC
Clinical impairment in premanifest and early Huntington's disease is associated with regionally specific atrophy
Authors: Scahill Rachael I. , Hobbs Nicola Z. , Say Miranda J. , Bechtel Natalie , Henley Susie M.D. , Hyare Harpreet , Langbehn Douglas R. , Jones Rebecca , Leavitt Blair R. , Roos Raymund A.C. , Durr Alexandra , Johnson Hans , Lehéricy Stéphane , Craufurd David , Kennard Christopher , Hicks Stephen L. , Stout Julie C. , Reilmann Ralf , Tabrizi Sarah J. ,   the TRACK‐HD investigators
Published: November 2011

AbstractTRACK‐HD is a multicentre longitudinal observational study investigating the use of clinical assessments and 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging as potential biomarkers for future therapeutic trials in Huntington's disease (HD). The cross‐sectional data from this large well‐characterized dataset provide the opportunity to improve our knowledge of how the underlying neuropathology of HD may contribute to the clinical manifestations of the disease across the spectrum of premanifest (PreHD) and early HD. Two hundred and thirty nine gene‐positive subjects (120 PreHD and 119 early HD) from the TRACK‐HD study were included. Using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM), grey and white matter volumes were correlated with performance in four domains: quantitative motor (tongue force, metronome tapping, and gait); oculomotor [anti‐saccade error rate (ASE)]; cognition (negative emotion recognition, spot the change and the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test) and neuropsychiatric measures (apathy, affect and irritability). After adjusting for estimated disease severity, regionally specific associations between structural loss and task performance were found (familywise error corrected, P < 0.05); impairment in tongue force, metronome tapping and ASE were all associated with striatal loss. Additionally, tongue force deficits and ASE were associated with volume reduction in the occipital lobe. Impaired recognition of negative emotions was associated with volumetric reductions in the precuneus and cuneus. Our study reveals specific associations between atrophy and decline in a range of clinical modalities, demonstrating the utility of VBM correlation analysis for investigating these relationships in HD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The cerebral representation of temporomandibular joint occlusion and its alternation by occlusal splints
Authors: Lotze Martin , Lucas Christian , Domin Martin , Kordass Bernd 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOcclusal splints are a common and effective therapy for temporomandibular joint disorder. Latest hypotheses on the impact of occlusal splints suggest an altered cerebral control on the occlusion movements after using a splint. However, the impact of using a splint during chewing on its cerebral representation is quite unknown. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate brain activities during occlusal function in centric occlusion on natural teeth or on occlusal splints in fifteen healthy subjects. Comparisons between conditions revealed an increased activation for the bilateral occlusion without a splint in bilateral primary and secondary sensorimotor areas, the putamen, inferior parietal and prefrontal cortex (left dorsal and bilateral orbital) and anterior insular. In contrast, using a splint increased activation in the bilateral prefrontal lobe (bilateral BA 10), bilateral temporo‐parietal (BA 39), occipital and cerebellar hemispheres. An additionally applied individually based evaluation of representation sites in regions of interest demonstrated that the somatotopic representation for both conditions in the pre‐ and postcentral gyri did not significantly differ. Furthermore, this analysis confirmed the decreasing effect of the splint on bilateral primary and secondary motor and somatosensory cortical activation. In contrast to the decreasing effect on sensorimotor areas, an increased level of activity in the fronto‐parieto‐occipital and cerebellar network might be associated with the therapeutic effect of occlusal splints. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topographic, pedologic and climatic interactions influencing streamflow generation at multiple catchment scales
Authors: Ali Geneviève , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Soulsby Chris , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDominant flow pathways (DFPs) in mesoscale watersheds are poorly characterized and understood. Here, we make use of a conservative tracer (Gran alkalinity) and detailed information about climatic conditions and physical properties to examine how temporally and spatially variable factors interact to determine DFPs in 12 catchments draining areas from 3.4 to 1829.5 km² (Cairngorms, Scotland). After end‐member mixing was applied to discriminate between near surface and deep groundwater flow pathways, variation partitioning, canonical redundancy analyses and regression models were used to resolve: (i) What is the temporal variability of DFPs in each catchment?; (ii) How do DFPs change across spatial scales and what factors control the differences in hydrological responses?; and (iii) Can a conceptual model be developed to explain the spatiotemporal variability of DFPs as a function of climatic, topographic and soil characteristics? Overall, catchment characteristics were only useful to explain the temporal variability of DFPs but not their spatial variation across scale. The temporal variability of DFPs was influenced most by prevailing hydroclimatic conditions and secondarily soil drainability. The predictability of active DFPs was better in catchments with soils supporting fast runoff generation on the basis of factors such as the cumulative precipitation from the seven previous days, mean daily air temperature and the fractional area covered by Rankers. The best regression model R2 was 0.54, thus suggesting that the catchments’ internal complexity was not fully captured by the factors included in the analysis. Nevertheless, this study highlights the utility of combining tracer studies with digital landscape analysis and multivariate statistical techniques to gain insights into the temporal (climatic) and spatial (topographic and pedologic) controls on DFPs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatoblastoma in the Nordic countries
Authors: de Fine Licht S. , Schmidt L.S. , Rod N.H. , Schmiegelow K. , Lähteenmäki P.M. , Kogner P. , Träger C. , Stokland T. , Schüz J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLittle is known about the etiology of hepatoblastoma. Because of the young age at diagnosis, several studies have looked at various birth characteristics. The purpose of our study was to investigate the incidence of hepatoblastoma in the Nordic countries and the association between selected birth characteristics and hepatoblastoma. Data from national cancer registries and birth registries in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland 1985–2006 was used. Overall, 155 children with hepatoblastoma aged 0–14 years were included and individually matched to five controls drawn randomly from national population registries. The incidence rate of hepatoblastoma was 1.7 per million person‐years with a predominance of boys (1.5:1). Incidence rate was highest before the age of 1 year (8.3 per million person‐years). A higher risk of hepatoblastoma was found in children with birth weight <1,500 g [odds ratio (OR) = 9.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3–38.2], born preterm in week 22–32 (OR = 4.5; CI: 1.8–11.5) and Apgar scores <7 after 1 min (OR = 3.1; CI: 1.3–7.1) and 5 min (OR = 7.5; CI: 1.8–32.4). A doubling in risk was found in children who were large for gestational age (OR = 2.3; CI: 1.0–5.3). No associations were found with birth order, maternal age or maternal smoking. Our study indicates that intrauterine and/or neonatal factors are associated with increased risk of hepatoblastoma. These may include low birth weight and asphyxia leading to neonatal intensive care. Alternatively, the factors may be a consequence of hepatoblastoma developing in utero.