bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the use of intraoperative frozen section of bone marrow from the cut end of the mandible help assess the adequacy of bone margins following mandibulectomy for oral cancer?
Authors: Polusany Kaushik , Karun Harsh , Rane Swapnil , Thiagarajan Shivakumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe adequacy of the cut end of the mandible following a segmental mandibulectomy done for oral cancer intraoperatively is at times assessed using a frozen section (FS) of the bone marrow (BM) at the cut ends. The study aimed to assess its utility to guide the intraoperative decision on the adequacy of bony margins.Materials and MethodsAll patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) who underwent segmental mandibulectomy from January 2012 to December 2021 at our institute and for whom intraoperative FS of BM was utilized were included. We analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV) of this in predicting positive bone margins.ResultsA total of 457 patients were included in the study. The majority of the cases were per premium cases (n = 372, 81.4%). The median age of the cohort was 52 years (range: 22–80 years). Most patients had T4 disease (n = 406, 88.8%). On FS, BM was positive in only 18 patients (3.9%) for whom the bone margin was revised. BM biopsy report in the final histopathology was positive in 12 patients (2.2%). The sensitivity, specificity PPV, and NPV were 52.3%, 98.65%, 64.7%, and 97.7% respectively. No factors predicting BM positivity on FS could be identified in this cohort.ConclusionsThe BM FS was positive in only a small percentage of patients, and it helped in reducing the bone margin positivity rate from 3.9% to 2.2% only. Hence the intraoperative BM FS seems to have limited utility as seen from our study.
Imaging the dense breast
Authors: Upadhyay Neil , Wolska Joanna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe sensitivity of mammography reduces as breast density increases, which impacts breast screening and locoregional staging in breast cancer. Supplementary imaging with other modalities can offer improved cancer detection, but this often comes at the cost of more false positives. Magnetic resonance imaging and contrast‐enhanced mammography, which assess tumour enhancement following contrast administration, are more sensitive than digital breast tomosynthesis and ultrasound, which predominantly rely on the assessment of tumour morphology.
‘Real world’ clinical implementation of blood flow restriction therapy does not increase quadriceps strength after quadriceps tendon autograft ACL reconstruction
Authors: Herman Zachary J. , Greiner Justin J. , Kaarre Janina , Drain Nicholas P. , Hughes Jonathan D. , Lesniak Bryson P. , Irrgang James J. , Musahl Volker 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo retrospectively compare strength outcomes of individuals undergoing postoperative rehabilitation following quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with and without blood flow restriction therapy.MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing ACLR with QT autograft with a minimum of two quantitative postoperative isometric strength assessments via an electromechanical dynamometer (Biodex) was included. Demographics, surgical variables and strength measurement outcomes were compared between patients undergoing blood flow restriction therapy as part of postoperative rehabilitation versus those who did not.ResultsEighty‐one (81) patients met the inclusion criteria. No differences were found in demographic and surgical characteristics between those who received blood flow restriction compared with those who did not. While both groups had improvements in quadriceps peak torque and limb symmetry index (LSI; defined as peak torque of the operative limb divided by the peak torque of the nonoperative limb) over the study period, the blood flow restriction group had significantly lower mean peak torque of the operative limb at first Biodex strength measurement (95.6 vs. 111.2 Nm; p = 0.03). Additionally, the blood flow restriction group had a significantly lower mean LSI than those with no blood flow restriction at the second Biodex measurement timepoint (81% vs. 90%; p = 0.02). No other significant differences were found between the strength outcomes measured.ConclusionsResults of this study show that the ‘real world’ clinical implementation of blood flow restriction therapy to the postoperative rehabilitation protocol following QT autograft ACLR did not result in an increase in absolute or longitudinal changes in quadriceps strength measurements. A better understanding and standardisation of the use of blood flow restriction therapy in the rehabilitation setting is necessary to delineate the true effects of this modality on strength recovery after QT autograft ACLR.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Biodiversity prospecting for phytoremediation programs intended for utilizing polluted lands and obtaining bioeconomy
Authors: Pandey Vimal Chandra , Malik Garima , Roy Madhumita , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Upadhyay Sudhir K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLand degradation and soil contamination have become global problem due to irresponsible anthropogenic activities and the overutilization of natural resources by humans. Land degradation and contamination due to toxic heavy metals have adversely impacted not only crop productivity but also the overall environmental health of our planet. Mitigation and management of polluted land are urgently required to achieve the goal of sustainable development because of the continuous human population explosion. In recent years, the biodiversity under phytoremediation is gaining scientists' attention for utilizing polluted lands and obtaining a bio‐based economy aimed at economically valuable and nonedible native plants. In the present review, we have focused on the biodiversity prospecting and phytoremediation potentials of economically important native plants, which may open up new horizons for sustainable development and redevelopment of polluted land sites.
Amino acid carbon isotope profiles provide insight into lability and origins of particulate organic matter
Authors: Kang Peihong , Ma Lingyu , Zhang Han , Dai Xi , Liu Jie , Chen Weifang , Tang Tiantian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIdentifying the phytoplankton origin of particulate organic matter (POM) in the deep ocean is challenging due to the changing phytoplankton composition and varied extent of decomposition by heterotrophic bacteria and zooplankton. Here, we report vertical distributions of amino acid stable carbon isotope values (δ13C) measured in particles in the South China Sea. Carbon‐weighted amino acid δ13C values generally parallel bulk POM δ13C profiles with a positive offset from 2.4‰ in the surface water to 6.0‰ in deep. Accordingly, a lability model is introduced to describe the relative distribution and isotopic linkage of labile and refractory particulate organic carbon. Temporal changes of amino acid δ13C were observed during the microbial decomposition of two phytoplankton strains, the prokaryote cyanobacterium Synechococcus and the eukaryote diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. Principal component analysis of individual amino acid δ13C values from the decomposing cells separate samples into two components, reflecting the influence of microbial decomposition and taxonomic differences, respectively. These two components were further applied to particles. A major contribution from decomposing phytoplankton to particles below the euphotic zone was observed, with more prokaryote organic matter in the basin and a larger contribution from eukaryotes at stations near the productive northern shelf. Our findings show the applicability of amino acid δ13C values in tracing the lability and phytoplankton origins of POM in samples with varied extents of decomposition in marine environments.
Criticality of general two‐term even‐order linear difference equation via a chain of recessive solutions
Authors: Jekl Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the author investigates particular disconjugate even‐order linear difference equations with two terms and classify them based on the properties of their recessive solutions at plus and minus infinity. The main theorem described states that the studied equation is ‐critical whenever a specific second‐order linear difference equation is ‐critical. In the proof, the author derived closed‐form solutions for the studied equation wherein the solutions of the said second‐order equation appear. Furthermore, the solutions were organized, in order to determine recessive solutions, into a linear chain by sequence ordering that compares the solutions at .
Differential Synaptic Loss in β‐Amyloid Positive Versus β‐Amyloid Negative Corticobasal Syndrome
Authors: Holland Negin , Savulich George , Jones P. Simon , Whiteside David J. , Street Duncan , Swann Peter , Naessens Michelle , Malpetti Maura , Hong Young T. , Fryer Tim D. , Rittman Timothy , Mulroy Eoin , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , Bhatia Kailash P. , O'Brien John T. , Rowe James B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a complex asymmetric movement disorder, with cognitive impairment. Although commonly associated with the primary 4‐repeat‐tauopathy of corticobasal degeneration, clinicopathological correlation is poor, and a significant proportion is due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptic loss is a pathological feature of many clinical and preclinical tauopathies. We therefore measured the degree of synaptic loss in patients with CBS and tested whether synaptic loss differed according to β‐amyloid status.MethodsTwenty‐five people with CBS, and 32 age‐/sex‐/education‐matched healthy controls participated. Regional synaptic density was estimated by [11C]UCB‐J non‐displaceable binding potential (BPND), AD‐tau pathology by [18F]AV‐1451 BPND, and gray matter volume by T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Participants with CBS had β‐amyloid imaging with 11C‐labeled Pittsburgh Compound‐B ([11C]PiB) positron emission tomography. Symptom severity was assessed with the progressive supranuclear palsy‐rating‐scale, the cortical basal ganglia functional scale, and the revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. Regional differences in BPND and gray matter volume between groups were assessed by ANOVA.ResultsCompared to controls, patients with CBS had higher [18F]AV‐1451 uptake, gray matter volume loss, and reduced synaptic density. Synaptic loss was more severe and widespread in the β‐amyloid negative group. Asymmetry of synaptic loss was in line with the clinically most affected side.DiscussionDistinct patterns of [11C]UCB‐J and [18F]AV‐1451 binding and gray matter volume loss, indicate differences in the pathogenic mechanisms of CBS according to whether it is associated with the presence of Alzheimer's disease or not. This highlights the potential for different therapeutic strategies in CBSs. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Polyphenols and Lactation: Molecular Evidence to Support the Use of Botanical Galactagogues
Authors: Kelleher Shannon L. , Burkinshaw Serena , Kuyooro Seun Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBotanicals and herbal supplements contain a diverse array of polyphenols that may affect mammary gland function and promote galactagogue activity. This scoping review is conducted to identify scientific literature elucidating how polyphenols affect mammary gland biology and cellular mechanisms critical for lactation. A literature search of PubMed and Medline reviews relevant studies in dairy animals, rodent models, and cultured mammary epithelial cells that are published from January 2010 until July 2023, to ascertain effects of polyphenols on mechanisms regulating milk production and composition. The PRISMA‐ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses for Scoping Review) strategy is applied and 80 studies on polyphenols and their implications on milk production and composition are included in this review. Limited information delineating effects of polyphenols on the molecular pathways that affect lactation are found, although available information suggests modulation of Stat5 signaling/differentiation, Stat3 signaling/remodeling, mTOR and insulin signaling/energy production, and nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκβ) signaling/oxidative stress and inflammation may play roles. A profound lack of mechanistic information underscores the critical need for further research to understand the impact of botanical supplements and polyphenols on milk production and composition in humans to establish maternal nutritional guidelines to support lactation and breastfeeding goals.
The Effect of Broccoli Glucoraphanin Supplementation on Ameliorating High‐Fat‐Diet‐Induced Obesity through the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Interface
Authors: Bankole Taiwo , Ma Tianzhou , Arora Itika , Lei Zhentian , Raju Murugesan , Li Zhenhai , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2024

ScopeObesity and its metabolic comorbidities pose a major global challenge for public health. Glucoraphanin (GRN) is a natural bioactive compound enriched in broccoli that is known to have potential health benefits against various human chronic diseases.Methods and resultsThis study investigats the effects of broccoli GRN supplementation on body weight, metabolic parameters, gut microbiome and metabolome associated with obesity. The study is conducted on an obese‐related C57BL/6J mouse model through the treatment of normal control diet, high‐fat diet (HFD)and GRN‐supplemented HFD (HFD‐GRN) to determine the metabolic protection of GRN. The results shows that GRN treatment alleviates obesity‐related traits leading to improved glucose metabolism in HFD‐fed animals. Mechanically, the study noticed that GRN significantly shifts the gut microbial diversity and composition to an eubiosis status. GRN supplement also significantly alters plasma metabolite profiles. Further integrated analysis reveal a complex interaction between the gut microbes and host metabolism that may contribute to GRN‐induced beneficial effects against HFD.ConclusionThese results indicate that beneficial effects of broccoli GRN on reversing HFD‐induced adverse metabolic parameters may be attributed to its impacts on reprogramming microbial community and metabolites. Identification of the mechanistic functions of GRN further warrants it as a dietary candidate for obesity prevention.
Upper motor neuron signs in primary lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Santos Silva Cláudia , Correia Rodrigues Catarina , Fortuna Baptista Maria , Oliveira Santos Miguel , Gromicho Marta , Carvalho Vanessa , Correia Guedes Leonor , de Carvalho Mamede 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe frequency and distribution of upper motor neuron (UMN) signs in primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) are unknown. We aimed to study the spectrum of UMN signs in PLS and compare it with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the frequency of different UMN signs, including hyperreflexia (limbs and jaw), limb and tongue spasticity, Babinski, and Hoffman signs, in PLS patients at first observation and compared this respect to onset region and symptom duration. We also compared PLS versus HSP patients.ResultsWe included 34 PLS and 20 HSP patients, with a median symptom duration at first visit of 3.0 (interquartile range, IQR = 4.0) and 19.0 (IQR = 22.0) years, respectively. In PLS patients, hyperreflexia of upper (UL) (88.2%) and lower (LL) (91.2%) limbs, and LL spasticity (79.4%) were the most common findings. Spasticity of LL was significantly (p = .012) more frequent in LL‐spinal onset subgroup, tongue spasticity in bulbar‐onset subgroup (p = .021), and Hoffman sign in UL‐spinal onset subgroup (p = .024). The PLS subgroup with shorter disease duration had a higher frequency of abnormal jaw jerk reflex (p = .037). Compared with HSP, PLS patients had a higher frequency of UL hyperreflexia (88.2% vs. 42.1%, p < .001) and UL spasticity (44.1% vs. 0.0%, p < .001). Asymmetric distribution of UMN signs was present in PLS and not in HSP.DiscussionIn PLS, UL UMN signs are nearly always present and UMN sign distribution appears to be associated with onset region. At first observation, bulbar involvement, asymmetrical distribution of UMN signs and UL spasticity may indicate PLS versus HSP.
Buntes Schreiben mit Strom
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElektrolyseexperimente auf Filterpapier sind nicht nur schön anzusehen. Sie ermöglichen zudem, mit zwei Elektroden, Filterpapier, einer Elektrolytlösung und einer Spannungsquelle chemische Fachgebiete zu vernetzen.
Zeitaufgelöste Spektroskopie molekularer Photochemie/Trendbericht Physikalische Chemie 2024 (1/3)
Authors: Keefer Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZeitversetzte Laserpulse auf Moleküle verraten, wie photochemische Prozesse ablaufen – dabei sind konische Durchschneidungen entscheidend. Die kolloidale Nanochemie hat neue Materialklassen erschlossen, wie Nickelboride und frühe Übergangsmetalloxid‐Katalysatoren, sowie Synthesen zu photolumineszenten III–V‐Halbleitern verbessert. Mit maschinellem Lernen lassen sich am Rechner Proteine nicht mehr nur falten, sondern solche entwerfen, die nicht mit natürlichen Proteinen verwandt sind.
Stress and academic engagement among Saudi undergraduate nursing students: The mediating role of emotion regulation and emotional intelligence
Authors: Alkharj Sarah , Alsalamah Yasir S. , Allari Rabia , Alharbi Maryam Saad , Alslamah Thamer , Babkair Lisa , Labani Safiah , Fawaz Mirna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the mediating role of emotion regulation and emotional intelligence in the relationship between stress and academic engagement among Saudi undergraduate nursing students.DesignThis study employed a quantitative cross‐sectional research design.MethodsThe study recruited 367 Saudi undergraduate nursing students at a major Saudi university. Structural equation modelling was used to explore the mediational model.ResultsThe results of the ANOVA and Welch F‐test demonstrated that the emotional intelligence, emotional regulation and academic engagement scores were statistically significantly different according to stress levels (p‐values <0.01). Perceived stress has a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with academic engagement and emotional intelligence and a strong negative correlation with emotional regulation. The results also showed that academic engagement had a statistically significant moderate positive association with emotional intelligence and emotional regulation. Results indicate that stress and academic engagement are negatively correlated among Saudi undergraduate nursing students. It focuses on the balancing functions of emotional regulation and emotional intelligence, highlighting their ability to lower stress levels and improve academic engagement.No Patient or Public Contribution.
Unlocking the Fluorine‐Free Buoy Effect: Surface‐Enriched Ruthenium Polypyridine Complexes in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Sanchez Merlinsky Luciano , Hemmeter Daniel , Baraldo Luis M. , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Williams Federico J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractControlling the local concentration of metal complexes at the surface of ionic liquids (ILs) is a highly sought‐after objective due to its pivotal implications in supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysis. Equally important is to avoid per‐ and polyfluorinated substances due to environmental concerns. Herein, we investigate the surface enrichment of Ru polypyridyl complexes with fluorine‐free alkylic side groups of varying lengths and shapes, using the hydrophilic IL [C2C1Im][OAc] as solvent. Additional charged carboxylate groups are included into the polypyridyl ligands to increase the solubility of the complex in the IL. When the ligand system is functionalized with long and hydrophobic alkyl side chains, the complex predominantly localizes at the IL/vacuum interface, as deduced from angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Conversely, in the presence of short or more bulky substituents, no surface enrichment is observed. This buoy‐like behaviour with fluorine‐free side groups is explored for 0.05 %mol to 1 %mol solutions. Intriguingly, surface saturation occurs at approximately 0.5 %mol, which is beneficial to the efficient operation of catalytic systems featuring high surface areas, such as SILP catalysts.
Food insecurity and quality of life in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Darlington Wendy S. , Syed Sharjeel , Wroblewski Kristen , Lapping‐Carr Gabrielle , Lindau Stacy Tessler , Peddinti Radhika 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLittle is known about the relationship between quality of life (QOL) and food insecurity (FI) among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized FI is associated with lower QOL in children and young adults with SCD. Overall (N = 99), 22% screened positive for FI. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) enrollment was 50 and 71% among people from food secure and FI households, respectively. A higher FI score was correlated with lower overall QOL (r = −0.22, p = .03), specifically lower QOL in worry and communication domains. Interventions for FI beyond SNAP may be important for QOL among people living with SCD.
Machine learning‐enhanced noninvasive prenatal testing of monogenic disorders
Authors: Liscovitch‐Brauer Noa , Mesika Ravit , Rabinowitz Tom , Volkov Hadas , Grad Meitar , Matar Reut Tomashov , Basel‐Salmon Lina , Tadmor Oren , Beker Amir , Shomron Noam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveSingle‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) are of great significance in prenatal diagnosis as they are the leading cause of inherited single‐gene disorders (SGDs). Identifying SNVs in a non‐invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) scenario is particularly challenging for maternally inherited SNVs. We present an improved method to predict inherited SNVs from maternal or paternal origin in a genome‐wide manner.MethodsWe performed SNV‐NIPS based on the combination of fragments of cell free DNA (cfDNA) features, Bayesian inference and a machine‐learning (ML) prediction refinement step using random forest (RF) classifiers trained on millions of non‐pathogenic variants. We next evaluate the real‐world performance of our refined method in a clinical setting by testing our models on 16 families with singleton pregnancies and varying fetal fraction (FF) levels, and validate the results over millions of inherited variants in each fetus.ResultsThe average area under the ROC curve (AUC) values are 0.996 over all families for paternally inherited variants, 0.81 for the challenging maternally inherited variants, 0.86 for homozygous biallelic variants and 0.95 for compound heterozygous variants. Discriminative AUCs were achieved even in families with a low FF. We further investigate the performance of our method in correctly predicting SNVs in coding regions of clinically relevant genes and demonstrate significantly improved AUCs in these regions. Finally, we focus on the pathogenic variants in our cohort and show that our method correctly predicts if the fetus is unaffected or affected in all (10/10, 100%) of the families containing a pathogenic SNV.ConclusionsOverall, we demonstrate our ability to perform genome‐wide NIPS for maternal and homozygous biallelic variants and showcase the utility of our method in a clinical setting.