bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accomplishing Structural Change: Identifying Intermediate Indicators of Success
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Reed Sarah J. , Francisco Vincent 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCoalitions are routinely employed across the United States as a method of mobilizing communities to improve local conditions that impact on citizens’ well‐being. Success in achieving specific objectives for environmental or structural community change may not quickly translate into improved population outcomes in the community, posing a dilemma for coalitions that pursue changes that focus on altering community conditions. Considerable effort by communities to plan for and pursue structural change objectives, without evidence of logical and appropriate intermediate markers of success could lead to wasted effort. Yet, the current literature provides little guidance on how coalitions might select intermediate indicators of achievement to judge their progress and the utility of their effort. The current paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of various indicators of intermediate success in creating structural changes among a sample of 13 coalitions organized to prevent exposure to HIV among high‐risk adolescents in their local communities.
An Age-Hardening Model for Al-Mg-Si Alloys Considering Needle-Shaped Precipitates
Authors: Bahrami A. , Miroux A. , Sietsma J. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In the present study, an age-hardening model for Al-Mg-Si alloys was developed considering cylindrical morphology with constant aspect ratio for precipitates. It is assumed that the precipitate distribution during underaging is controlled by simultaneous nucleation and growth, and after peak age, the process becomes coarsening controlled. The transition from the nucleation/growth regime to the coarsening regime takes place when the equilibrium fraction of the precipitating phase is reached. The microstructural model is combined with a precipitation-strengthening model to predict the evolution of yield strength of Al-Mg-Si alloys during aging. The predictions of the model on the evolution of yield strength and length, radius, and volume fraction of precipitates are presented and compared with experimental data.
A technical note on improved instrumentation for Blount staple insertion
Authors: Burghardt Rolf D. , Kanellopoulos Anastasios D. , Herzenberg John E. 
Published: August 2012

Purpose Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis has gained increasing popularity after the introduction of the eight-Plate Guided Growth System. Since its introduction, the eight-Plate has largely supplanted the traditional Blount staple. The eight-Plate offers better purchase in the bone and a more precise insertion technique. However, the Blount staple is less expensive than the various guided growth plates. Further, some surgeons feel that the Blount staple may work faster, making it more appropriate for children who are approaching skeletal maturity. Unfortunately, the original instrumentation and technique for inserting the Blount staple is over 50 years old and has not been updated. Methods The purpose of this study was to develop new instrumentation to make Blount staple insertion as accurate and minimally invasive as eight-Plate insertion. We developed wire/drill guides to accommodate all three sizes of the Blount staple. Two wires are inserted through the wire guide under image intensifier control. After confirming the accurate position of the guidewires, a 3.2-mm cannulated step drill is used to drill over the wires to a depth of 5 mm. This creates two pilot holes for the two tines of the Blount staple. The final insertion is guided under an anteroposterior image intensifier view. We also developed a small staple holder that permits insertion through a small incision. Results We developed a working prototype of the new instrumentation and used it in three clinical cases. Conclusions With the new staple inserter and instrumentation, Blount staples can now be inserted through a smaller incision with similar accuracy as eight-Plate insertion.
Colon cancer cell chemosensitisation by fish oil emulsion involves apoptotic mitochondria pathway
Authors: Granci Virginie , Cai Fang , Lecumberri Elena , Clerc Aurélie , Dupertuis Yves M. , Pichard Claude 
Published: August 2012

Adjuvant use of safe compounds with anti-tumour properties has been proposed to improve cancer chemotherapy outcome. We aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil emulsion (FOE) rich in n-3 PUFA with the standard chemotherapeutic agents 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OX) or irinotecan (IRI) on two human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells with different genetic backgrounds. The HT-29 (Bax+/+) and LS174T (Bax− / −) cells were co-treated for 24–72 h with 1 μm-5-FU, 1 μm-OX or 10 μm-IRI and/or FOE dilution corresponding to 24 μm-EPA and 20·5 μm-DHA. Soyabean oil emulsion (SOE) was used as isoenergetic and isolipid control. Cell viability, apoptosis and nuclear morphological changes were evaluated by cytotoxic colorimetric assay, flow cytometry analysis with annexin V and 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, respectively. A cationic fluorescent probe was used to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein expression involved in mitochondrial apoptosis was determined by Western blot. In contrast to SOE, co-treatment with FOE enhanced significantly the pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of 5-FU, OX or IRI in HT-29 but not in LS174T cells (two-way ANOVA, P <0·01). These results were confirmed by the formation of apoptotic bodies in HT-29 cells. A significant increase in mitochondrial membrane depolarisation was observed after the combination of 5-FU or IRI with FOE in HT-29 but not in LS174T cells (P <0·05). Co-administration of FOE with the standard agents, 5-FU, OX and IRI, could be a good alternative to increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic protocols through a Bax-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
The 1857 Panic and the Fabrication of an Indian ‘Menace’ in Singapore
Authors: RAI RAJESH 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper examines how local and transnational developments converged in 1857 to transform European attitudes towards Indian inhabitants in Singapore. Recognized in preceding years as useful to the security and the development of the colony, by late 1857, Indians in Singapore had come to be viewed by Europeans as a ‘menace’. That change in disposition was largely the product of factors extraneous to the actions of the local Indian inhabitants themselves. Besieged by news of multiple challenges to the British Empire, European nerves were rattled by perceived threats emanating from sections of the Asian populace in Singapore. In early 1857, a dispute between Tamil-Muslims and Europeans brought to the fore the latter's anxieties and prejudices. That episode was followed, in May, by news of the massive rebellion of native troops in India. The emerging distrust for Indians was exacerbated by public rumours and fanned by editorials and reports published in the local press. Perceptions of immediate danger from the colony of transported convicts, and the fear of an Indian conspiracy duringMuharram, sparked a panic that would have ramifications on the position of Indians in Singapore and leave an imprint on the long term political development of the Straits Settlements.1
ELLIOTT CARTER'S STRUCTURAL POLYRHYTHMS IN THE 1970S: ‘A MIRROR ON WHICH TO DWELL’
Authors: Coulembier Klaas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLarge-scale polyrhythms appear in almost every composition Elliott Carter wrote during the 1980s. The roots of this technique can be found in earlier compositions where Carter deliberately combined different simultaneous speeds not only at the musical surface, but also at a deeper, structural level. In A Mirror on which to dwell (1975), he already uses this compositional tool as a form-generating feature. Through the analysis of three songs from this cycle (Anaphora, Insomnia and O Breath), it is shown how the appearance of structural polyrhythms at the musical surface is meticulously organized through pitch organization, instrumentation and the relation with text. The double function of the polyrhythm – as a surface phenomenon and a background structure – is essential for the understanding of this composition. It also shows the difference with Carter's later use of the same technique in the 1980s, where large-scale or structural polyrhythms are more of a constructional nature and remain invisible in the musical score.
Predictors of growth or attrition of the first language in Latino children with specific language impairment
Authors: SIMON-CEREIJIDO GABRIELA , GUTIÉRREZ-CLELLEN VERA F. , SWEET MONICA 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigated the factors that may help understand the differential rates of language development in the home language (i.e., Spanish) of Latino preschoolers with specific language impairment. Children were randomly assigned to either bilingual or English-only small group interventions and followed from preschool to kindergarten. Predictors of Spanish growth included the language of intervention, the child's level of language development or severity, the child's socioemotional skills, and the child's level of English use. Spanish performance outcomes were assessed over time using a series of longitudinal models with baseline and posttreatment measures nested within child. Children demonstrated growth on Spanish outcomes over time. The language of instruction and the child's level of vocabulary and socioemotional development at baseline were significant predictors of differences in rates of growth in the home language. Clinicians may need to take into consideration these factors when making clinical recommendations.
Increasing wireless reliability for autonomous mobile robots
Authors: López Joaquín , Sanz Rafael , Cacho Miguel D. , Diéguez Amador R. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThere is an increasing popularity of mobile robot applications over the Internet. Robots need some kind of wireless communication to receive commands and transmit information to users. This paper describes the problems encountered to keep the mobile robots connected and the solutions adopted. The first problem was related to delays and the very low throughput that occur when the robot roams to a new access point. Most commercial systems currently installed implement proprietary solutions with different behaviors. Here, a simple and device-independent solution for mobile robot applications is proposed. The second problem is the lack of wireless coverage in some areas of buildings. The solutions adopted for these problems are based on coverage maps.
BASRAH: an automatic system to identify the meter of Arabic poetry
Authors: ALABBAS MAYTHAM , KHALAF ZAINAB A. , KHASHAN KHASHAN M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractArabic prosody is the science that studies the music of Arabic poetry, which is mainly meter and rhyme. The identification of meters for Arabic verses or poems is a complicated task. This task requires a certain level of expertise to identify the meter to which a verse belongs. In this paper, we present BASRAH1, a system that automatically identifies the meter of Arabic poetry by using the numerical prosody method. The numerical prosody method depends on verse coding, which is derived from the general concept of Al-Khalil's feet by using two primary units (cord = 2) and (peg = 3). On testing both old and modern Arabic verses and poems, BASRAH has proved to be an efficient tool to help inexperienced users to determine the meter of Arabic verses and poems.
Patients’ evaluation of hospital foodservice quality in Italy: what do patients really value?
Authors: Messina Gabriele , Fenucci Roberto , Vencia Francesco , Niccolini Fabrizio , Quercioli Cecilia , Nante Nicola 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectivePatients often do not eat/drink enough during hospitalization. To enable patients to meet their energy and nutritional requirements, food and catering service quality and staff support are therefore important. We assessed patients’ satisfaction with hospital food and investigated aspects influencing it.DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional study collecting patients’ preferences using a slightly modified version of the Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (ACHFPSQ). Factor analysis was carried out to reduce the number of food-quality and staff-issue variables. Univariate and multivariate ordinal categorical regression models were used to assess the association between food quality, staff issues, patients’ characteristics, hospital recovery aspects and overall foodservice satisfaction (OS).SettingA university hospital in Florence, Italy, in the period November–December 2009.SubjectsHospital patients aged 18+ years (n927).ResultsOf the 1288 questionnaires distributed, 927 were returned completely or partially filled in by patients and 603 were considered eligible for analysis. Four factors (explained variance 64·3 %, Cronbach's alphaαC= 0.856), i.e. food quality (FQ;αC= 0·74), meal service quality (MSQ;αC= 0·73), hunger and quantity (HQ;αC= 0·74) and staff/service issues (SI;αC= 0·65), were extracted from seventeen items. Items investigating staff/service issues were the most positively rated while certain items investigating food quality were the least positively rated. After ordinal multiple regression analysis, OS was only significantly associated with the four factors: FQ, MSQ, HQ and SI (OR = 17·2, 6·16, 3·09 and 1·75, respectively,P< 0·001), and gender (OR = 1·53,P= 0·024).ConclusionsThe most positively scored aspects of foodservice concerned staff/service, whereas food quality was considered less positive. The aspects that most influenced patients’ satisfaction were those related to food quality.
Is there an association between the home food environment, the local food shopping environment and children's fruit and vegetable intake? Results from the Dutch INPACT study
Authors: van Ansem Wilke JC , Schrijvers Carola TM , Rodenburg Gerda , van de Mheen Dike 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine: (i) the association between home availability of fruit and vegetables and children's fruit and vegetable intake; (ii) the association between parental perception of the local food shopping environment and the home availability of fruit and vegetables; and (iii) whether the home availability of fruit and vegetables mediates the association between parental perception of the local food environment and children's fruit and vegetable consumption.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA total of ninety-one primary schools in the Netherlands.SubjectsIn total 1501 primary caregivers completed a questionnaire to measure children's fruit and vegetable consumption, home availability of fruit and vegetables, parental perceptions of the local food shopping environment (price, quality and availability), the child's socio-economic status, the child's ethnicity and maternal height and weight.ResultsThe home availability of fruit and vegetables was positively associated with children's fruit and vegetable intake (P < 0·01 and P < 0·001, respectively). Negative parental perceptions of the local food shopping environment were associated with less fruit available at home (P < 0·05, P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 for price, quality and availability of fruit, respectively). No significant associations were found between parental perception of the local food shopping environment and children's fruit and vegetable consumption. We found no evidence that home availability of fruit and vegetables mediates the association between parental perception of the local food environment and children's fruit and vegetable intake.ConclusionsInterventions focusing on improving the home availability of fruit and vegetables may help to increase children's fruit and vegetable consumption. However, more data are required on factors influencing the home availability of fruit and vegetables.
Projected decline in spring snow depth on Arctic sea ice caused by progressively later autumn open ocean freeze‐up this century
Authors: Hezel P. J. , Zhang X. , Bitz C. M. , Kelly B. P. , Massonnet F. 
Published: August 2012

We present the first analysis of snow depth on Arctic sea ice in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) because of its importance for sea ice thermodynamics and ringed seal (Phoca hispida) habitat. Snow depths in April on Arctic sea ice decrease over the 21st century in RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios. The chief cause is loss of sea ice area in autumn and, to a lesser extent, winter. By the end of the 21st century in the RCP8.5 scenario, snowfall accumulation is delayed by about three months compared to the late 20th century in the multi‐model mean. Mean April snow depth north of 70°N declines from about 28 cm to 16 cm. Precipitation increases as expected in a warmer climate, but much of this increase in the Arctic occurs as rainfall. The seasonality of snowfall rate grows, with increasing rates in winter and decreasing rates in summer and autumn, but the cumulative snowfall from September to April does not change. Ringed seals depend on spring snow cover on Arctic sea ice to create subnivean birth lairs. The area with snow depths above 20 cm — a threshold needed for ringed seals to build snow caves — declines by 70%.
Coupling of ryanodine receptor 2 and voltage-dependent anion channel 2 is essential for Ca2+ transfer from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria in the heart
Authors: Min Choon Kee , Yeom Dong Rim , Lee Kyung-Eun , Kwon Hye-Kyeong , Kang Moonkyung , Kim Yeon-Soo , Park Zee Yong , Jeon Hyesung , Kim Do Han 
Published: August 2012

The structural proximity and functional coupling between the SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum) and mitochondria have been suggested to occur in the heart. However, the molecular architecture involved in the SR–mitochondrial coupling remains unclear. In the present study, we performed various genetic and Ca2+-probing studies to resolve the proteins involved in the coupling process. By using the bacterial 2-hybrid, glutathione transferase pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry assays, we found that RyR2 (ryanodine receptor type 2), which is physically associated with VDAC2 (voltage-dependent anion channel 2), was co-localized in SR–mitochondrial junctions. Furthermore, a fractionation study revealed that VDAC2 was co-localized with RyR2 only in the subsarcolemmal region. VDAC2 knockdown by targeted short hairpin RNA led to an increased diastolic [Ca2+] (calcium concentration) and abolishment of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Collectively, the present study suggests that the coupling of VDAC2 with RyR2 is essential for Ca2+ transfer from the SR to mitochondria in the heart.
RETRACTED: Ethanol Enhances Tumor Angiogenesis In Vitro Induced by Low-Dose Arsenic in Colon Cancer Cells Through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha Pathway
Authors: Wang Lei , Son Young-Ok , Ding Songze , Wang Xin , Hitron John Andrew , Budhraja Amit , Lee Jeong-Chae , Lin Qinchen , Poyil Pratheeshkumar , Zhang Zhuo , Luo Jia , Shi Xianglin 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Health effects due to environmental exposure to arsenic are a major global health concern. Arsenic has been known to induce carcinogenesis and enhance tumor development via complex and unclear mechanism. Ethanol is also a well-established risk factor for many malignancies. However, little is known about the effects of coexposure to arsenic and ethanol in tumor development. In this study, we investigate the signaling and angiogenic effect of coexposure of arsenic and ethanol on different colon cancer cell lines. Results show that ethanol markedly enhanced arsenic-induced tumor angiogenesis in vitro. These responses are related to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, NADPH oxidase activation, and upregulation of PI3K/Akt and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling. We have also found that ethanol increases the arsenic-induced expression and secretion of angiogenic signaling molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor, which further confirmed the above observation. Antioxidant enzymes inhibited arsenic/ethanol-induced tumor angiogenesis, demonstrating that the responsive signaling pathways of coexposure to arsenic and ethanol are related to ROS generation. We conclude that ethanol is able to enhance arsenic-induced tumor angiogenesis in colorectal cancer cells via the HIF-1α pathway. These results indicate that alcohol consumption should be taken into consideration in the investigation of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis in arsenic-exposed populations.
Correction for Clifford Hiley Mortimer. 27 February 1911 — 11 May 2010
Authors: Brooks A. S. , Lund J. W. G. , Talling J. F. 
Published: August 2012

Biogr. Mems Fell. R. Soc.
57
, 291–314 (2011; Published online 15 June 2011) (
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2011.0006
)

We regret the following errors in the memoir:
Mortimer’s unpublished notes (2006), cited on page 298, correctly state that the proper title for ‘Admiralty Mine Department’ was ‘Admiralty Mine Design Department’, or MDD.
Of the scientists named in the top paragraph of page 299, only Deacon, Longuet-Higgins and Mortimer were in fact members of ‘Group W’ of the Admiralty Research Laboratory at Teddington; Crick and Penman remained for a time in the MDD at Havant, and Laughton joined the National Institute of Oceanography much later, in 1955.
The last three words of the Laughton et al. (2010) reference on page 312 should be ‘Cambridge: Lutterworth Press’.
Effect of 3‐Alkylpyridine Marine Alkaloid Analogues in Leishmania Species Related to American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Machado Patrícia A. , Hilário Flaviane F. , Carvalho Lidiane O. , Silveira Mariana L. T. , Alves Rosemeire B. , Freitas Rossimiriam P. , Coimbra Elaine S. 
Published: August 2012

A series of oxygenated analogues of marine 3‐alkylpyridine alkaloids were synthesized, and their leishmanicidal activity was assayed. All compounds were prepared from 3‐pyridinepropanol in few steps and in good yields. The key step for the synthesis of these compounds was a classic Williamson etherification under phase‐transfer conditions. Besides toxicity in peritoneal macrophages, the compounds exhibited a significant leishmanicidal activity. Of twelve compounds tested, five showed a strong leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and L. braziliensis with IC50 below 10 μm. Compounds 11, 14, 15, and 16 showed a strong leishmanicidal activity on intracellular amastigotes (IC50 values of 2.78; 0.27; 1.03, and 1.33 μm, respectively), which is unlikely to be owing to the activation of nitric oxide production by macrophages.