bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Frank and unconscious humor and narrative structure in Anne Brontë's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall”
Authors: Birden Lorene M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study presents two aspects of the novel in question, its humor and its structure. It shows that both have been misunderstood and misinterpreted, and begins by reminding us that the author herself was long misunderstood because of early critical misreadings and presuppositions. It then continues to demonstrate that the two aspects studied are in fact interrelated; the so-called flawed structure, actually a framing structure, is in fact a firm form that is carefully underpinned by the instances of humor. It proceeds by presenting and dispelling the basic myths about the author and the novel, then presents the structure and the reasons for misconceptions of it before proceeding to map the humor using Attardo's system of humor rhythm mapping. Chlopicki's character frames also contribute to a demonstration of parallel characterization which contradicts another, minor myth, that of the unsuitability of the hero for the heroine. The study as a whole attacks the ideas of humorlessness in Brontë fiction, the inferiority of Anne's work and the feebleness of the structure of The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.
Carnivalesque politics: A Bakhtinian case study of contemporary Arab political humor
Authors: Badarneh Muhammad A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper is a case study of contemporary Arab political jokes in the light of Bakhtinian theory of carnival and the carnivalesque. According to this analysis, these political jokes represent a variety of texts whose topics revert around “glorifying”, mocking, parodying, scatologizing, and ultimately betraying the ruler. These types of political jokes reflect a textual representation of the life cycle of the oppressive ruler, which begins with comic “crowning” and glorification and ends in “decrowning” and comic death. Within this cycle, political jokes represent a kind of hidden dialogue between the oppressed and their marginalized discourse, and the regime and its dominant autocratic discourse. These jokes are disturbing to the regime, leading perhaps to punishment, but they do not necessarily either undermine or actually support the regime. Like carnival, the telling of these jokes in a repressive context merely builds a second world outside the oppressive world of the regime and offers an alternative framework to the regime's policies.
Bainite Formation at Low Temperatures in High C-Si Steel and its Mechanical Behavior
Authors: Junior J. A. C. , Pinheiro I. P. , Rodrigues T. F. M. , Viana V. D. C. , Santos D. B. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
A significant amount of stabilized austenite can be obtained in high carbon steel containing high amounts of manganese and silicon (1.5–2%). At relatively low temperatures the bainite plates formed are extremely thin; as a result the material becomes very strong. In this study, the influence of austempering on the mechanical behavior of a spring steel 0.56C-1.43Si-0.58Mn-0.47Cr (wt.%), with TRIP effect, was investigated. The thermal cycle consisted of heating two groups of hot-rolled steel at the austenite field of 900°C for 300 s, and transferring it to a metallic bath maintained at 220 or 270°C, respectively, for different isothermal treatment times. The samples were then tested in tension, and their microstructures were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. According to the results, the samples treated at 220°C showed higher elongation, yield point, and tensile strength than those maintained at 270°C. The high level of strength and ductility is due to a mixture of martensite and very fine bainite formation.
Gold Catalysis: Particle Size or Promoting Oxide Morphology?
Authors: Guczi László , Beck Andrea , Benkó Tímea , Pászti Zoltán 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTBased on results taken from our own experience and the general literature, in the present contribution issues related to the importance of the particle size and morphology in gold catalysis are considered. Although in reactions of small molecules like carbon monoxide nanosized or otherwise nanostructured gold surfaces are the most active catalysts, especially if forming interface with certain oxides, it turns out that in some cases - independently of the interface - the key issue is the available size of extended gold surface dictating the reaction rate. This dilemma is explored in the paper.
Making Stuff at Princeton University
Authors: Steinberg Daniel J. , Greco Shannon 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe Princeton Center for Complex Materials (PCCM) joined the PBS NOVA/MRS Making Stuff coalition and created a program to inspire middle school students and their teachers about materials science during exciting large programs at Princeton University and multiple pre and post events. As a National Science Foundation funded Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, it is part of PCCM’s mission to inspire and educate school children, teachers and the public about STEM and materials science. Research shows that it is critical to excite students at a young age and maintain that excitement, and without that these, students are two to three times less likely to have any interest in science and engineering and pursue science careers as adults. The Making Stuff TV series offered a great teachable moment in materials science for students and teachers alike. The four episodes, Stronger, Smaller, Smarter and Cleaner aired in January and February, 2011. Our complementary education program helped promote the viewership of the Making Stuff series in the region, and the NOVA episodes helped us by priming the teachers and students to learn more about materials science research conducted at Princeton University. The Making Stuff coalition events we conducted were designed to have the maximum positive impact on students’ attitudes towards science and scientists, in general, and materials scientists and engineers, specifically. Each and every student had an opportunity to interact with dozens of scientists and engineers, in the lab, at table demonstrations and lecture presentations. As an ongoing MRSEC education and outreach program we have developed many successful educational partnerships to increase our impact. Plus, through years of successful education programs and the participation of our materials scientists and engineers, we have cultivated great trust in the schools and local community. The schools eagerly joined as partners in the program to bring their students to the event. Teachers from those partner schools actively participated in associated professional development programs conducted by education staff and PCCM professors before and after the big event. Included were presentations by MRSEC members and the partners from Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Princeton University’s chemistry department, DOE funded centers PP-SOC and PPPL, Liberty Science Center, Franklin Institute, our PBS partner NJN and our many school district partners.
Evaluating the Impact of Interaction between Middle School Students and Materials Science and Engineering Researchers
Authors: Greco Shannon L. , Steinberg Daniel J. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWe, as education outreach providers at a research center, believe research scientists and engineers have much to contribute to science education. Our job is to design programs that allow our faculty and students to share their expertise and their stories to positively impact student learning and attitudes towards STEM fields. Is it possible to show that middle school students’ interaction with scientists and engineers makes a positive difference in only one day? The National Science Foundation funded Princeton Center for Complex Materials (PCCM), in partnership with MRS and NOVA, held a large-scale, one-day event for middle school students on January 27, 2011. This study measures the impact of that engagement on the students’ attitudes, contributing to their general attitude towards science and scientists that will ultimately determine their career choices later in life. Among other methods, focus group interviews and pre- and post-event attitude surveys were conducted and analyzed to evaluate the impact of the program.
Ultrasound enhances the healing of orthodontically induced root resorption in rats
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Xu Juan , E Lingling , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Objective:
To examine the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on orthodontically induced root resorption in rats.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-four male Wistar rats were divided randomly and equally into four groups (n  =  16 rats each). The rats were untreated (negative control) or treated with orthodontic tooth movement without (positive control) or with LIPUS at 100 or 150 MW/cm2 (LIPUS-treated groups). An initial force of 100 g was applied to the areas between the upper right central incisors and the first molars of the rats for 10 days. Eight rats were randomly chosen from each group, and the root resorption index (RRI) was determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Upper first molar-centered mesial-distal tissue slices were generated from the upper first molars and peridentium of the remaining eight rats from each group. Specimen slices were analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) immunohistochemistry, and optical microscopy. Analyses of cell number, densitometry, and one-way analysis of variance were performed.

Results:
The LIPUS-treated groups displayed decreased RRI values, decreased osteoclast numbers and activity levels, and increased OPG/RANKL expression ratios. High-power SEM revealed reparative cementum in the LIPUS-treated samples.

Conclusion:
LIPUS regulates osteoclast differentiation via the OPG/RANKL ratio, evoking a reparative effect on orthodontically induced root resorption in rats.
Altered mandibular growth under functional posterior displacement in rats
Authors: Farias-Neto Arcelino , Martins Ana Paula Varela Brown , Figueroba Sidney Raimundo , Groppo Francisco Carlos , de Almeida Solange Maria , Rizzatti-Barbosa Célia Marisa 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Objective:
To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in mandibular growth between growing rats with posterior functional mandibular displacement and growing rats without functional mandibular displacement.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty female Wistar rats (5 weeks old) were randomized into two groups: (1) control and (2) mandible posterior displacement in the occluded condition induced by an occlusal guiding appliance. After 8 weeks all animals were sacrificed, cone beam computed tomography scan images of the heads were taken using the classic I-CAT, and acrylic rapid-prototyped templates of the mandibles were constructed. Mandibular length, ramus height, and intercondylar distance were measured. Mandibular length and ramus height were submitted to the two-way analysis of variance, while intercondylar distance was analyzed by nonpaired Student's t-test.

Results:
Mandibular length was bigger (P &lt; .0001) in the control than in the experimental group, but no significant difference was found between the left and right sides (P  =  .9380). No significant differences were observed for ramus height and intercondylar distance.

Conclusions:
The results of this study demonstrated that functional posterior displacement of the mandible in growing rats resulted in shorter mandibular length.
Do enamel microabrasion and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate affect shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to a demineralized enamel surface?
Authors: Baysal Asli , Uysal Tancan 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate and compare the effects of enamel microabrasion, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and their combination on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to demineralized enamel surface.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred human first premolar teeth were randomly allocated to one of five groups. Group I was considered as the control of other groups. For the remaining groups, demineralization was performed via solutions. In group II, brackets were directly bonded to the demineralized enamel surface. CPP-ACP was applied in group III, microabrasion was performed in group IV, and both microabrasion and CPP-ACP application were performed in group V. The specimens were tested for SBS. Bond failures were scored according to the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Analysis of variance and Tukey tests were used to compare the SBS of the groups. ARI scores of the groups were evaluated with a G-test. The statistical significance was set at P &lt;. 05 level.

Results:
Statistically significant difference was found among the five investigated groups (F  =  111.870; P &lt; .001). The SBS of groups II and IV were significantly lower than the other groups. No statistically significant difference was found among groups I (control; mean 24.1 ± 4.1 MPa), III (mean 22.0 ± 3.6 MPa), and V (mean 24.3 ± 1.9 MPa). Microabrasion and combination with CPP-ACP showed higher SBS compared to the control group. The differences between ARI scores of the groups were statistically significant (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion:
CPP-ACP pretreatment, microabrasion of the enamel, and the combination of these two methods improve the bonding to demineralized enamel.
A Low-Oxygenated Subpopulation of Pancreatic Islets Constitutes a Functional Reserve of Endocrine Cells
Authors: Olsson Richard , Carlsson Per-Ola 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
The blood perfusion of pancreatic islets is highly variable and tightly regulated by the blood glucose concentration. Thus, oxygen levels are considered crucial for islet metabolism and function. Although islet oxygenation has been extensively studied in vitro, little is known about it in vivo. The current study aimed to investigate the oxygenation of the endocrine pancreas in vivo.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The reductive metabolism of 2-nitroimidazoles, such as pimonidazole, has previously been extensively used in studies of oxygen metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. At tissue oxygen levels &lt;10 mmHg, pimonidazole accumulates intracellularly and may thereafter be detected by means of immunohistochemistry. Islet oxygenation was investigated in normal, 60% partially pancreatectomized, as well as whole-pancreas–transplanted rats. Moreover, leucine-dependent protein biosynthesis was performed using autoradiography to correlate islet oxygenation with metabolic activity.

RESULTS
In vivo, 20–25% of all islets in normal rats showed low oxygenation (pO2 &lt;10 mmHg). Changes in the islet mass, by means of whole-pancreas transplantation, doubled the fraction of low-oxygenated islets in the endogenous pancreas of transplanted animals, whereas this fraction almost completely disappeared after a 60% partial pancreatectomy. Moreover, oxygenation was related to metabolism, since well-oxygenated islets in vivo had 50% higher leucine-dependent protein biosynthesis, which includes (pro)insulin biosynthesis.

CONCLUSIONS
The current study suggests a novel subpopulation of dormant low-oxygenated islets, which seems to constitute a functional reserve of endocrine cells. This study establishes a novel perspective on the use of the endocrine pancreas in glucose homeostasis.
Prior Learning Assessments in a Professional Workplace for Practising Pharmacists and Technicians
Authors: Raymond Colette B. , Woloschuk Donna MM. 
Published: July 2011

Background: A prior learning assessment (PLA) is a summative statement of an individual's learning acquired through education and experience. We developed PLA surveys for 3 groups of pharmacy staff: experienced pharmacists with supervisory or clinical roles; pharmacists entering a pharmacy practice residency program; and experienced pharmacy technicians. Methods: Each PLA survey was developed based on a literature review and desirable learning outcomes for a regional pharmacy program. PLAs consisted of numerous potential learning needs, including possible job roles, competencies, essential skills and areas of practice expertise in 11 domains. Pharmacy staff scored past exposure, perceived ability (prior experience) and interest for each potential learning need. Learning needs were calculated as interest score minus ability score. Results: 23 of 38 (61%) experienced pharmacists, all 24 (100%) pharmacy residents and all 17 (100%) pharmacy technicians invited to complete the PLA responded. For each of the 11 domains, Cronbachs alpha scores were greater than 0.69. For experienced pharmacists, the highest learning needs occurred in technical domains (drug distribution and computer/informatics), with low needs in practice management and patient care. For pharmacy residents, the highest learning needs occurred in patient care domains. Pharmacy technician learning needs were greatest in human resources and drug distribution. Conclusion: We developed PLA surveys for experienced pharmacists, pharmacy residents and pharmacy technicians that demonstrate internal consistency reliability. Regulatory bodies, education providers, employers, managers and individual pharmacy personnel can use PLA to identify learning needs either prior to a practice change or as part of continuing professional development planning.
Quelque chose de nouveau sous le soleil ?
Authors: Ladame François 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Je ne partage pas l’idée de changements en profondeur de l’adolescence – qui reste une crise narcissique – et pas davantage de la psychanalyse et de la psychothérapie des adolescents. Par contre, le champ socioculturel s’est modifié et, peut-être, les thérapeutes en font-ils les premiers les frais.
Ce que la rencontre avec l'adolescent apprend au psychanalyste
Authors: Richard François 
Published: July 2011

Résumé La psychanalyse de l’adolescent existe-t-elle ? Deux points de vue sont réfutés, celui qui considère l’adolescence comme le moment du refoulement après-coup et celui qui s’effraie d’un risque de flambée pulsionnelle en situation clinique duelle. L’histoire des élaborations théoriques sur l’adolescence introduit à une conception de la rencontre entre le psychanalyste et l’adolescent susceptible d’éclairer la pratique psychanalytique avec l’adulte. La méthode freudienne d’interprétation du conflit pulsionnel et du transfert est applicable avec l’adolescent, ce que démontre le traitement d’une jeune adolescente présentant des troubles anorectiques et addictifs. Les fonctionnements limites y correspondent à des défenses projectives contraphobiques, le refoulement étant recouvert par le clivage. Des hypothèses sont avancées sur les pathologies actuelles de l’adolescent et du jeune adulte (recours paradoxal à des formes d’excitation à visée désexualisante, externalisation de l’intériorité psychique) dans un contexte de « malaise dans la culture ».
« Se venger pour survivre »
Authors: Bonnet Gérard 
Published: July 2011

Résumé La vengeance représente l’une des formes de la violence humaine les plus redoutées et offre aussi un terrain privilégié pour étudier cette violence pour elle-même. Pour la psychanalyse, la perversion est l’organisation psychique qui illustre le plus clairement comment naît ce désir de vengeance dans la psyché humaine. Sa visée est toutefois paradoxale, ce que j’ai voulu mettre au premier plan d’un de mes derniers livres en le titrant : La perversion, se venger pour survivre (Bonnet, 2008). Car, si le pervers investit à ce point la vengeance, c’est paradoxalement pour survivre et pour faire contrepoids à une autre violence, mortifère, autrement redoutable, qui le menace de l’intérieur sans relâche. Le pervers fait contrepoids à cette violence de mort en investissant toutes les facettes de la vengeance et il est important de les identifier pour en désamorcer les dangers immédiats. On s’aperçoit alors qu’il investit cette violence de survie de deux façons : soit en s’en prenant à d’autres qu’il transforme en objets, dans les perversions les plus graves, quand le sujet est entièrement sous la gouverne de la dialectique de vengeance ; soit en investissant à son corps défendant telle ou telle facette de la vengeance de telle façon qu’elle reste contenue dans ses conséquences pour l’autre : cela va du donjuanisme au masochisme et au fétichisme, en passant par toutes les modalités du narcissisme ou du voyeurisme qui prolifèrent aujourd’hui.
De l'adolescence dite « délinquante » : un autre paradigme du lien ?
Authors: Winter Anne , Villerbu Loïck M. 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Régulièrement, la littérature intéressée par la délinquance au temps de l’adolescence convoque la défaillance de l’instance paternelle comme explicative des transgressions du lien social. Ce sont là les héritages d’une tradition théorique qui a témoigné à maintes reprises des effets de la triangulation œdipienne, paradigmatique des relations affectives et sociales. Or, un pan de la clinique montre aujourd’hui tout le poids d’une dynamique de l’échange soumise à une injonction paritaire, que l’on ne saurait négliger. Sous-tendue par le narcissisme, elle prend le pas sur la généalogie et confère aux distances et proximités en jeu dans la génération, un rôle certain ; celui de garantir au sujet réciprocité et intégrité, en fondant autrement les valeurs qui sont les siennes.
Ségolène Payan : Le rite migratoire, un empêchement du processus de subjectivation ?
Authors: Payan Ségolène 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Dans les sociétés traditionnelles d’Afrique de l’Ouest, chaque année de nombreux adolescents sont, rituellement, désignés par leurs pairs pour être candidats à l’immigration. L’accomplissement de la « mission » qui leur est assignée ne pourra aboutir qu’au prix d’une appropriation subjective de leur destin.
Paranoïa et psychothérapie institutionnelle
Authors: Wenger Stephan 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Andreas est un adolescent en rupture scolaire. Soudé à sa mère avec laquelle il forme une bulle aux traits paranoïaques, il ne vit que très peu de relations basées sur l’altérité. Son séjour en Centre Thérapeutique de Jour, quasi unique perspective psychothérapique à notre sens, va permettre de recréer une pensée à son sujet et de développer ses capacités de penser sur ses pensées et celles des autres. L’institution offre ainsi une opportunité de trianguler le fonctionnement psychique d’Andreas, comme elle peut le faire pour de nombreux patients pour lesquels le tiers en tant que fonction psychique est absent ou présente une fragilité délétère et qui sont inscrits dans de perpétuels mouvements de « quitter - être envahi » par rapport à l’objet.
« L'Œil du Prince » ou l'Adieu aux armes de la Courtoisie dans La Princesse de Clèves
Authors: Langle Catherine 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Sous le modèle augustinien qui structure La Princesse de Clèves , on discerne l’héritage symbolique de la courtoisie. Réduit à la fonction de parade dans l’univers panoptique de la cour, celui-ci demeure vivant dans l’ Éros de la princesse, orienté par la dimension de l’impossible. Le modèle courtois, qui peut être interprété ici dans la perspective du débat contemporain sur le Pur Amour, façonne la poétique du genre « roman » selon une « optique » du décalage mettant en abyme le romanesque comme l’impossible par quoi le « roman » produit sa dynamique propre.
Entre psychiatrie et philosophie : la folie dans « Adieu » de Balzac
Authors: Jullien Dominique 
Published: July 2011

Résumé À partir d’« Adieu » de Balzac, histoire d’un traumatisme de guerre et d’une expérience thérapeutique radicale, on analyse la manière dont le texte hésite entre le discours clinique (place du savoir médical, en particulier les fondateurs de la psychiatrie moderne, Pinel et Esquirol), l’intuition scientifique (à certains égards déjà proche de Freud), et le symbolisme ambigu qui justifie l’inclusion de la nouvelle dans les Études philosophiques dont elle partage le caractère énigmatique.