bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Entropy Minimization in Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Significant Quadratic Radiation and Lorentz Forces: A Non-Fourier Heat Flux Analysis
Authors: Prakash Gowd Poojari , Kathyayani Gandrakota 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The real-world applications of fluid flow across an exponentially extended sheet are manifold, encompassing crystal formation, paper manufacture, and the cooling of metallic sheets. The primary aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive theoretical analysis on the behaviour of a hybrid nanofluid flow through an exponentially extended sheet under the influence of quadratic thermal radiation, non-Fourier heat flux and magnetic field. The initially presented equations have been simplified to a set of ODEs, and the bvp4c solver has expertly found solutions to these. Validated the results (of engineering parameters including friction coefficient) obtained using the bar graphs by using Multiple linear regression. It has been noted that a greater magnitude of magnetic field is associated with a temperature enrichment. It is found that higher values of Brinkman number lead to a greater rate of entropy generation. It has been shown that the thermal relaxation parameter (Γ) and magnetic field parameters (M) exert distinct influences on the rate of heat transmission. It is detected that the Nusselt number enhances by 0.700996 (when 0 ≤ Γ ≤ 0.6) and the same declines by 0.14086 (when 0 ≤ M ≤ 3.5). Within the range of 0 ≤ M ≤ 3.5, it is seen that the friction factor exhibits a decline with a notable rate of 1.41843.
Three-dimensional profilometry for tool wear area using modulation-based structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Hu Chang’an , Wang Xi , Xie Zhongye , Lv Fei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A new approach named modulation-based structured-illumination microscopy (MSIM) is presented in this paper to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) topography of the tooltip, which can be used to evaluate the degree of wear. In MSIM, the modulation estimation of the reflected patterns characterizes the surface profile. This technique can reconstruct the 3D profile precisely and something that conventional computer vision and imaging analysis cannot achieve. Importantly, an ordinary objective lens is used in the measurement system to take the image of the sample. So, the measurement system is simple and cheap. The theoretical analysis and experiments conducted on the tooltip are presented. The measurement repeatability can reach 500 nm. This method holds promise for applications in tool wear monitoring, wear mechanism analysis, and micromachining.
Study on insulator defect detection based on improved YOLOv8
Authors: Liu Dengchao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Given the problems of poor detection effect in aerial insulator images resulting in poor detection effect, a multi-defect detection algorithm for aerial insulators based on improved YOLOv8 is proposed. The algorithm first changed the FPN structure to BiFPN by introducing the upsampling and downsampling connections in the upstream and downstream of the feature pyramid, to enhance the interaction and information flow between characteristics at different scales. Secondly, the SPPF is improved by using the LSKA attention mechanism to enhance the ability to extract multi-scale features. Finally, for the detection of tiny fine particles, this paper reheavys the decoupling head and the lightweight decoupling head, extracts the key information above the space and channels, and implements a lower inference latency while maintaining accuracy. The algorithm detects the normal glass insulator, glass sheet dirt, glass sheet defect, polymer sheet dirt, polymer sheet defect, and polymer insulator in the aerial image, and simultaneously detects the flashover of the insulator. The experimental results show that the network used in the insulator defect data set detection accuracy (mAP) reached 87.8%, which increased by 2.6% compared to the benchmark model, and the calculation amount (GFLOPs) decreased by 24%. At the same time, after lightweight model parameters are reduced by 32%, based on the accuracy of the subsequent deployment of lightweight requirements, we can better detect insulators of different scales and different conditions.
Environmentally friendly gas-filled cabinet trace SF6 gas detection technology based on GA-BP model
Authors: Lin Jianqin , Feng Liang , Ma Zhenyu , Zheng Zhiyao , Liang Jiaming , Li Jialing , Yang Hanpeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In order to build a green and low-carbon power grid, the State Grid takes the SF6 gas content in the low-pressure gas filling cabinet in the small gas chamber as an important detection index. The existing SF6 gas on-site detection technology consumes a lot of gas, and the gas density of the gas chamber decreases significantly after repeated detection in the low-pressure gas filling cabinet, which affects the insulation performance. In order to solve the above problems, a quantitative gas extraction detection technology for tracing SF6 gas in environmentally friendly inflatable cabinets based on a neural network model was proposed. Through theoretical analysis and PCCs calculation, it is verified that the output electrical signal of the pyroelectric probe at different times in the quantitative gas extraction mode has a linear relationship with the SF6 gas concentration. The experimental results show that the two neural network models can accurately output SF6 gas concentration in the quantitative gas intake mode, the main performance indicators of the GA-BP neural network model are good, and the maximum relative error is -2.7%, which is significantly better than the BP neural network model.
Multi-scale reciprocal consistency learning for semi-supervised left atrial segmentation
Authors: Yuan Enze , Zhao Bin , Ding Shuxue 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Accurate and enough labels are crucial to constructing an excellent deep-learning framework in processing medical scans. However, the expensive cost of medical labels greatly impedes this process. In this case, semi-supervised learning has shown great potential due to its efficient use of unlabeled data. Therefore, we present a novel multi-scale reciprocal consistency network (RC-NET) to utilize the unlabeled data more efficiently for more accurate 3D left atrial segmentation. Our model consists of a common encoder and two independent decoders with inconsistent up-sampling. The decoders generate feature maps of hidden layers at different resolutions during the up-sampling process. Lower-resolution features typically contain local and detailed information, while higher-resolution features involve global or abstract information. Subsequently, we applied consistency learning to these feature maps. By combining local and global semantic information, the model can obtain a comprehensive understanding of the segmentation targets. The experimental data indicate the MRC-Net outperforms many semi-supervised learning methods. It achieves more accurate segmentation results by efficiently utilizing unlabeled data. This provides a completely new approach to improving semi-supervised learning.
Hand-eye calibration of line structured-light sensor based on double-sphere constraints
Authors: Ruan Yisheng , Deng Zhengping , Hao Fei , Chen Ruwen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the complex problem of solving the positional relationship between the line laser sensor at the end of the robot wrist and the coordinate system of the end flange, a line laser hand-eye calibration method based on a double ball fixed target is proposed. Firstly, a double standard ball with known radius and center distance is used as a reference tool, and the point cloud data of a single contour line is collected several times, and the coordinates of the two ball centers under the camera coordinate system can be obtained according to the center coordinates of the circle obtained from the fitted circle combined with the Pythagoras theorem. Then, according to the principle that the two spherical centers are fixed under the robot base coordinate system, the rigid transformation matrix between the line laser sensor and the robot is successively solved. When solving the rotation matrix, the constraint of the distance between the spherical centers of the two balls is introduced to obtain a solution with better accuracy. Experimental results show that the method has better overall performance compared with the traditional single-ball hand-eye calibration method.
A face recognition and temperature compensation system based on Raspberry Pi
Authors: Shi Jing , Xu Zhenhao , Chen Yi , Wang Bo , Wang Qisong , Liu Dan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the post-epidemic era, for quickly and accurately screening people with abnormal body temperature in small crowds and providing efficient methods for epidemic control, a multi-functional identification thermometer was designed and produced. The device uses the Raspberry PI GIS camera to accurately locate the face and identify the identity information of the measured person. The device uses the AMG8833 infrared array thermal sensor for infrared temperature measurement and the HC-SR04 ultrasonic ranging module for temperature compensation. Through multiple temperature compensation experiments, the measurement error is maintained between ±0.2°C. Based on the mathematical model of temperature compensation, the device can match the identity of people with abnormal body temperature through the database. The research results show that the device is of great significance for improving the efficiency of epidemic prevention and management cost control.
Fabrication and characterization of diamond nitrogen-vacancy center through argon ions etching
Authors: Zang Xiaokui , Cao Zhiqiang , Liu Jing , Tong Guanghua , Wang Han 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The diamond nitrogen-vacancy center with a negative charge (NV−) exhibits exceptional optical properties and enables highly sensitive detection of multiple physical quantities. The development of a simple and efficient method for fabricating NV− centers in diamonds holds significant importance in promoting their widespread application. The fabrication method of NV− centers is explored in this work, utilizing high-energy photons emitted by argon ions to induce vacancies in type Ia diamond substrates. The processed samples are optical characterized, and the characteristic peak and zero phonon line corresponding to the NV− center can be observed in Raman and photoluminescence spectra respectively. The concentration of NV− centers in samples could reach up to 153.9 ppb, estimated by integrating the fluorescence intensity of the photoemission spectrum. The samples exhibit the spin characterization of NV− centers, which achieve a maximum contrast of 1.5% in the optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra.
An adaptive label assignment scheme for slender object detection
Authors: Yin Zongyu , Yu Yiheng , Hou Bowen , Shang Penghui , Hong Yifan , Yu Yutian , Liu Ke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Slender objects have a large aspect ratio and are generally oriented, resulting in poor performance of current general detectors on slender object detection tasks. Therefore, an adaptive label assignment scheme for slender object detection is proposed in this paper. Specifically, the central axis prior to positive training samples is proposed to make the final position distribution of positive training samples more reasonable. Secondly, it is proposed that the number of positive training samples of slender objects could be further increased to solve the problem of positive training sample imbalance between slender objects and regular objects. Experimental results on the MS COCO dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bio-capped multifunctional CuO nanoparticles via Knautia arvensis for dye removal, antibacterial and antifungal efficiency, and molecular docking
Authors: Sazak Cansu , Attar Azade , Ari Yuka Selcen , Altikatoglu Yapaoz Melda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) synthesized using Knautia arvensis flower extract in an environmentally friendly and one-step procedure were characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, SEM and DLS. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of CuONPs were determined using E. coli, S. aureus and A. niger. In silico antibacterial and antifungal evaluation of CuONPs were performed by molecular docking analysis using chitin deacetylase of A. niger, topoisomerase IV of E. coli and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase of S. aureus. The best binding energy was determined using these microbial targets in molecular docking analyses and the antimicrobial mechanisms between the microorganism and the CuONP were elucidated. The degradation potential of Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR) and Napthol blue black (NBB) dyes in the presence of CuONPs were investigated. The peak obtained at 289 nm as a result of UV–vis analysis revealed the presence of CuONPs. The spherical morphology of CuONPs and the particle size varying between 88–289 nm were visualized by SEM. DLS analysis pointed out the mean diameter of CuONPs was 189 nm along with the PDI value of 0.324. The 600 and 595 cm−1 vibrations attained in the FT-IR spectroscopy showed the presence of CuONPs. In addition, the presence of phenolic compounds found in the plant extract responsible for bio-capping of copper ions into CuONPs were enlightened by the FT-IR analysis. Dye degradation activity of CuONPs was found as 69% and 71% using NBB and RBBR at 50 °C in 90 min, respectively. Antifungal and antibacterial interactions of CuONPs with chitin deacetylase of A. niger, topoisomerase IV of E. coli and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase of S. aureus were analyzed in order to reveal the antimicrobial mechanisms of CuONPs and it was found that CuONPs demonstrate significant interactions with those proteins with binding energies −7.25, −7.14 and −7.89 kcal mol−1, respectively.
Alternative cliques of coexisting species in complex ecosystems
Authors: Aguadé-Gorgorió Guim , Kéfi Sonia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The possibility that some ecosystems can exist in alternative stable states has profound implications for ecosystem conservation and restoration. Current ecological theory on multistability mostly relies on few-species dynamical models, in which alternative states are intrinsically related to specific non-linear dynamics. Recent theoretical advances, however, have shown that multiple stable ‘cliques’—small subsets of coexisting species—can be present in species-rich models even under linear interactions. Yet, the mechanisms governing the appearence and characteristics of these cliques remain largely unexplored. In the present work, we investigate cliques in the generalized Lotka–Volterra model with mathematical and computational techniques. Our findings reveal that simple probabilistic and dynamical constraints can explain the appearence, properties and stability of cliques. Our work contributes to the understanding of alternative stable states in complex ecological communities.
Social and economic impact analysis of solar mini-grids in rural Africa: a cohort study from Kenya and Nigeria
Authors: Carabajal A T , Orsot A , Moudio M P E , Haggai T , Okonkwo C J , Jarrard III G T , Selby N S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of the social and economic effects of solar mini-grids in rural African settings, specifically in Kenya and Nigeria. A group of 2658 household heads and business owners connected to mini-grids over the last five years were interviewed both before and one year after their connection. These interviews focused on changes in gender equality, productivity, health, safety, and economic activity. The results show notable improvements in all areas. Economic activities and productivity increased significantly among the connected households and businesses. The median income of rural Kenyan community members quadrupled. Gender equality also improved, with women gaining more opportunities in decision making and business. Health and safety enhancements were linked to reduced use of hazardous energy sources like kerosene lamps. The introduction of solar mini-grids not only transformed the energy landscape but also led to broad socioeconomic benefits in these rural areas. The research highlights the substantial impact of decentralized renewable energy on the social and economic development of rural African communities. Its findings are crucial for policymakers, development agencies, and stakeholders focused on promoting sustainable energy and development in Africa.
Freedom of Expression and the Constitutional Canon
Authors: Stone Adrienne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter nominates three cases as canonical texts on freedom of expression: Lüth (Bundesverfassungsgericht); New York Times v. Sullivan (United States Supreme Court); and R v. Keegstra (Supreme Court of Canada). The selection of this ‘canon’ is advanced in a pedagogical spirit. The cases served to identify important lines of thought about the protection of freedom of expression. As well as core constitutional ideals and foundational values of constitutionalism, these cases illustrate the ‘background commitments’ of the constitutional order in which they sit. The objective order of values established in Lüth identifies the transformative nature of German constitutionalism, whereas New York Times with its strongly negative and vertical orientation is emblematic of the strongly liberal nature of US constitutionalism. Keegstra complexifies the picture, while still placing Canada firmly within the realm of liberal constitutionalism—albeit a form of liberal constitutionalism that is more attentive to the significance of communal life and more permissive of governmental intervention.
The Canon of Nature Rights
Authors: Huneeus Alexandra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rights of nature have quickly have become part of the transnational lexicon of rights. Though a recent and still liminal trend, they have begun to inform approaches to environmental protection as well as to relations with indigenous peoples, and in particular to the connection between the two. This chapter explores foundational texts in the rights of nature corpus juris, and argues that they point to three distinct strands of argumentation for the importance and meaning of rights of nature. Those who advocate for rights of nature tend to draw on all three strands of justificatory argument at once without distinguishing between them. Ultimately, however, whether rights of nature will be viewed as participating in the liberal democratic canon or challenging it may turn on which strand predominates.
Canonizing the Corporation
Authors: Riegner Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
If the ‘canon’ of constitutional democracy comprises those texts which comparatists consider ‘foundational’ for their discipline, then the role of the corporation has been overshadowed by other protagonists that populate the constitutional canon, such as individuals, states, and peoples. Yet, while some canonical texts are silent on corporations, others explicitly address their formation, rights, or responsibilities, and corporate litigants have shaped constitutional practice at critical junctions of constitutional development. Hence, this chapter argues that uncovering the role of the corporation as a constitutional protagonist enables us to pluralize the canon of comparative constitutionalism, and to theorize its implicit assumptions about constitutional agency, economic organization, and political economy. To illustrate this argument, the chapter analyses three constitutional cases that exemplify three distinct constitutional types, or canons: the US Supreme Court’s 2010 decision in Citizens United as part of the liberal (anti-)canon; the German Federal Constitutional Court’s judgment in the 1979 co-determination case as an element of a social-democratic constitutional canon; and the 2018 decision by the Constitutional Court of Ecuador in the case against Chevron as an instance of transformative constitutionalism.
Emergence and Development of Generativity in Early Adulthood
Authors: Lawford Heather L , Shulman Shmuel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While generativity has long been established as a central milestone in midlife, research over the last twenty years has investigated how generativity manifests earlier in the life course, including young adulthood and adolescence. This chapter outlines the current state of research on early generativity using a framework of positive youth development. It examines the role of generativity in the contexts of community, family, careers, and identity. It presents two narrative studies investigating generative themes in personal stories told by young adults, with the two studies arriving at somewhat different conclusions. The first examines narratives of 29-year-olds with a focus on career and romantic development, and found themes of generativity were present in family contexts but not beyond. The second study discusses the potentially unique pressure to be generative found in youth who have already made a significant impact on their community. Finally, the chapter offers suggestions for both future research and practical applications of early generativity.
Friendships, Peer Relations, and Generativity
Authors: Ramey Heather L , Lawford Heather L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses research on friendships and peer relationships in the development of generativity, particularly in late adolescence and early adulthood. Friendships are highly salient at these ages and research suggests that caring for others in the context of a close friendship, combined with concrete caretaking actions, the belief that care has the potential to matter, and opportunities to contribute to others, might be key mechanisms linking friendships to greater generativity. It also discuss how conversations with friends might play a role. Beyond friendships, peer groups foster prosocial behaviors and may similarly reinforce or limit generative development. Future research is needed, but current findings and theory point to the importance of friendships in which youth provide and receive care and see the potential and reason for care beyond the friendship, and toward the larger world. In addition, exposure to opportunities where young people might be exposed to a diversity of peers, and can collaboratively engage in generative practice, might be critical.
Romantic Relationships, Intimacy, and Generativity
Authors: Mackinnon Sean P , Hill Taylor G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a scoping review of the evidence on how generativity is expressed within romantic relationships and how expressing generativity may enhance or transform romantic relationships. Both quantitative and qualitative research were reviewed. Of the twenty-three papers reviewed, four thematic groups emerged: (1) marital status and generativity; (2) romantic relationship quality and generativity; (3) generative partnerships, where generativity is conceptualized as a mutual, dyadic activity; and (4) queer generativity, where the emphasis is on how generativity is expressed in LGBTQ+ populations. Considerable research remains to be done on the topic of generativity and romantic relationships, and an increased focus on quantitative research using romantic dyads is a particularly fertile ground for future studies.