bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontiers in bronchoscopic imaging
Authors: OHTANI KEISHI , LEE ANTHONY M.D. , LAM STEPHEN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBronchoscopy is a minimally invasive method for diagnosis of diseases of the airways and the lung parenchyma. Standard bronchoscopy uses the reflectance/scattering properties of white light from tissue to examine the macroscopic appearance of airways. It does not exploit the full spectrum of the optical properties of bronchial tissues. Advances in optical imaging such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal endomicroscopy, autofluorescence imaging and laser Raman spectroscopy are at the forefront to allow in vivo high‐resolution probing of the microscopic structure, biochemical compositions and even molecular alterations in disease states. OCT can visualize cellular and extracellular structures at and below the tissue surface with near histological resolution, as well as to provide three‐dimensional imaging of the airways. Cellular and subcellular imaging can be achieved using confocal endomicroscopy or endocytoscopy. Contrast associated with light absorption by haemoglobin can be used to highlight changes in microvascular structures in the subepithelium using narrow‐band imaging. Blood vessels in the peribronchial space can be displayed using Doppler OCT. Biochemical compositions can be analysed with laser Raman spectroscopy, autofluorescence or multispectral imaging. Clinically, autofluorescence and narrow‐band imaging have been found to be useful for localization of preneoplastic and neoplastic bronchial lesions. OCT can differentiate carcinoma in situ versus microinvasive cancer. Endoscopic optical imaging is a promising technology that can expand the horizon for studying the pathogenesis and progression of airway diseases such as COPD and asthma, as well as to evaluate the effect of novel therapy.
A systematic review of light‐based home‐use devices for hair removal and considerations on human safety
Authors: Thaysen‐Petersen D. , Bjerring P. , Dierickx C. , Nash J.F. , Town G. , Haedersdal M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground  Hair removal with professional light‐based devices is established as an effective, mainstream treatment. The field of optical home‐based hair removal is evolving and movement from control by physicians into hands of consumers warrants understanding efficacy and human safety.Objectives  To systematically review and evaluate the efficacy and human safety of currently available home‐based optical hair removal devices.Methods  A comprehensive Pub Med literature search was conducted which systematically identified publications of relevance. Prospective clinical trials were included whether controlled, uncontrolled or randomized and with a sample size of at least 10 individuals.Results  We identified a total of seven studies: one controlled (CT) and six uncontrolled trials (UCTs). No randomized controlled trials (RCT) were recognized. The best evidence was found for IPL (intense pulsed light) (three devices, one CT, five UCTs) and limited evidence for laser devices (one diode laser, one UCT). Most studies evaluated short‐term hair reduction up to 3 and 6 months following light exposure at different body sites. Hair reduction percentages ranged from 6% to 72% after repetitive treatments. The most frequently reported side‐effect was erythema, but oedema, blistering, crusting and pigment changes were also reported. Theoretical concerns about ocular damage and paradoxical hair growth have not been reported in any of the studies reviewed.Conclusions  Available evidence from prospective, uncontrolled clinical trials indicates short‐term hair removal efficacy of currently available home‐use light‐based hair removal devices. Additional controlled trials will be helpful to substantiate the efficacy and to better predict the incidence of adverse events associated with optical home‐use hair removal.
Postnatal ontogeny of the locomotor skeleton of a cursorial bird: greater rhea
Authors: Picasso M. B. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe greater rhea (Rhea americana) is the largest flightless bird of South America and has a cursorial locomotion style. The objective of this study was to explore how the leg configuration of this species changes from juveniles to adult, and the possible implications of these changes for the locomotor style of this bird. In this regard, it is interesting to study the presence of allometries during growth (ontogenetic allometry), because it may provide information about morpho‐functional aspects. Growth of femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus were studied in individuals of different ages, ranging from 1 month to adulthood. Allometric analysis was performed on a total of 21 measurements of limb bones to evaluate ontogenetic changes. Ten measurements were allometric, correlating positively and negatively with body mass. Some of them, like the positive allometry of the tarsometatarsus length, the negative allometry of the distal region of the tibiotarsus and the proximal segment of the tarsometatarsus, seem to be associated with cursoriality. On the other hand, the positive allometric growth of the distal segment of the femur may be related to the large body size of these birds.
Characterization of cellular senescence mechanisms in human corneal endothelial cells
Authors: Sheerin Angela N. , Smith S. Kaye , Jennert‐Burston Katrin , Brook Amy J. , Allen Marcus C. , Ibrahim Badr , Jones Dawn , Wallis Corrin , Engelmann Katrin , Rhys‐Williams William , Faragher Richard G. A. , Kipling David 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe human cornea is a tri‐laminar structure composed of several cell types with substantial mitotic potential. Age‐related changes in the cornea are associated with declining visual acuity and the onset of overt age‐related corneal diseases. Corneal transplantation is commonly used to restore vision in patients with damaged or diseased corneas. However, the supply of donor tissue is limited, and thus there is considerable interest in the development of tissue‐engineered alternatives. A major obstacle to these approaches is the short replicative lifespan of primary human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC). Accordingly, a comprehensive investigation of the signalling pathways and mechanisms underpinning proliferative lifespan and senescence in HCEC was undertaken. The effects of exogenous human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression, p53 knockdown, disruption of the pRb pathway by over‐expression of CDK4 and reduced oxygen concentration on the lifespan of primary HCEC were evaluated. We provide proof‐of‐principle that forced expression of telomerase, when combined with either p53 knockdown or CDK4 over‐expression, is sufficient to produce immortalized HCEC lines. The resultant cell lines express an HCEC‐specific transcriptional fingerprint, and retain expression of the corneal endothelial temperature‐sensitive potassium channel, suggesting that significant dedifferentiation does not occur as a result of these modes of immortalization. Exploiting these insights into proliferative lifespan barriers in HCEC will underpin the development of novel strategies for cell‐based therapies in the human cornea.
Effect of exercise intensity on oxygen consumption kinetics in non‐exercising muscle during exercise
Authors: Nagasawa Takeshi 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThis study examined the effect of exercise intensity on the kinetics of muscle oxygen consumption in non‐exercising forearm flexor muscles () during exercise. Seven healthy male subjects performed cycling exercise for 60 min at 30% of maximal oxygen consumption (%) and 30 min at 50% on separate days. The values at rest and during exercise were measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy. The at 30% significantly increased to 1·2 ± 0·1‐fold over resting value at 20 min after the beginning of exercise (P<0·05) and remained constant within 1·2‐ to 1·3‐fold over resting value until 60 min during exercise. The at 50% significantly increased to 1·2 ± 0·1‐fold over resting value at 15 min after the beginning of exercise (P<0·05). Subsequently, the at 50% increased with time to 1·3 ± 0·1‐fold over resting value at 20 min after the beginning of exercise and to 1·5 ± 0·2‐fold over resting value at 30 min. The 15–30 min of exercise at 50% was significantly higher than that at 30% (P<0·05). These data suggest that the increase in has a time lag from the beginning of exercise, and the kinetics of during exercise differs with exercise intensity. Therefore, we conclude that the kinetics of during exercise is dependent on exercise intensity.
Telescopic Retainers: An Old or New Solution? A Second Chance to Have Normal Dental Function
Authors: Breitman Joseph B. , Nakamura Scott , Freedman Arnold L. , Yalisove Irving L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article is an overview of the biomechanics and advantages of telescopic retainers. Telescopic retainers offer more possibilities than any other treatment modality available in modern dentistry. Telescopic implant fixtures make the already versatile technique even more flexible. Telescopes should not be forgotten as a treatment modality, but should be embraced as a great option.
South Australian Scleroderma Register: autoantibodies as predictive biomarkers of phenotype and outcome
Authors: GRAF Scott W. , HAKENDORF Paul , LESTER Sue , PATTERSON Karen , WALKER Jenny G. , SMITH Malcolm. D. , AHERN Michael J. , ROBERTS‐THOMSON Peter J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Aim:  To investigate the relationship between scleroderma‐specific autoantibodies and clinical phenotype and survival in South Australian patients with scleroderma.
Method:  Two cohorts of patients were studied from the South Australian Scleroderma Register (SASR). In the first, the sera of 129 consecutive patients were analyzed for anticentromere (ACA), anti‐Scl70, anti‐RNA polymerase III, anti‐U1RNP, anti‐Th/To, anti‐Pm/Scl, anti‐Ku and anti‐fibrillarin antibodies using the Euroline immunoblot assay. Statistical analysis was performed to look for a significant association between specific antibodies and various clinical features. In the second cohort survival from first symptom onset was analyzed in 285 patients in whom the autoantibody profile was available, including ACA, Anti‐Scl70, anti‐U1RNP and anti‐RNA polymerase III measured using multiple methods. Survival analysis compared mortality between different groups of patients with specific antibodies.
Results:  ACA, Th/To and Ku antibodies were associated with limited scleroderma, Scl70 and RNA Pol III antibodies were associated with diffuse scleroderma and antibodies to U1RNP were associated with overlap syndrome. Significant associations between Scl70 and interstitial lung disease (P = 0.004), RNA Pol III and renal crisis (P = 0.002), U1RNP and pulmonary hypertension (P = 0.006) and Th/To and pulmonary hypertension (P = 0.034) were seen. Trends were observed with an increased frequency of lung disease with Pm/Scl and Th/To and an increased frequency of myositis with Ku. The presence of Scl70, RNA Pol III and U1RNP was associated with significantly reduced survival as compared with patients with ACA.
Conclusions:  Scleroderma‐specific autoantibodies are associated with clinical phenotype and survival.
Insulin‐secretion capacity in normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes in obese and non‐obese Japanese patients
Authors: Iwahashi Hiromi , Okauchi Yukiyoshi , Ryo Miwa , Noguchi Midori , Morita Sachiko , Kishida Ken , Okita Kohei , Ohira Tetsuya , Funahashi Tohru , Nakamura Tadashi , Imagawa Akihisa , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAims/Introduction:  Pronounced reduction of insulin secretion in response to a rise in glucose level has been reported in Japanese patients compared with Caucasian patients, but the mean body mass index (BMI) is also lower in Japanese patients. As BMI is a determinant of insulin secretion, we examined insulin‐secretion capacity in obese and non‐obese Japanese patients.Materials and Methods:  Using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), we estimated the insulin‐secreting capacity in obese (BMI ≥ 25) and non‐obese (BMI < 25) Japanese patients, including 1848 patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 321 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 69 diabetes (DM) patients.Results:  The insulinogenic index (I.I.), calculated by dividing the increment in serum insulin by the increment in plasma glucose from 0 to 30 min during OGTT, decreased from NGT to IGT and to DM in patients with and without obesity. In patients with NGT, IGT and DM, the I.I. values of obese patients were higher than those of the non‐obese patients. The peak of insulin concentration in OGTT appeared at 60 min in NGT and at 120 min in IGT in both obese and non‐obese patients, but in DM it was observed at 120 min in obese patients and at 60 min in non‐obese patients.Conclusions:  These results show that early‐phase insulin secretion in obese Japanese patients is higher than in non‐obese patients in all stages of glucose tolerance, and delayed insulin‐secretion capacity is also conserved in obese Japanese patients, even in IGT and DM, which is similar to Caucasian patients. (J Diabetes Invest, doi:10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00180.x, 2011)
Retrospective study of neurological signs and management of seven English horses with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy
Authors: Palus V. , Bladon B. , Brazil T. , Cherubini G. B. , Powell S. E. , Greet T. R. C. , Marr C. M. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThis retrospective study summarises the case details, presenting signs, management and outcome in cases of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) and describes the findings of diagnostic imaging modalities. The condition appears to be relatively rare in Europe and the objective of this study is to make clinicians aware that THO can have a range of various neurological and clinical presentations. The records of 2 referral equine practices in England were reviewed and 7 horses with THO diagnosed on guttural pouch endoscopy indentified. The clinical and neurological signs, diagnostic procedures, treatment and outcomes were reviewed. Although small, this group is the largest case series of THO from Europe. One horse was a yearling, whereas THO is generally considered usually to affect middle aged and older horses. Computed tomography was used to confirm the diagnosis and demonstrated stylohyoid bone fractures in 2 cases while there was mild increased radionuclide uptake in one of 2 cases undergoing nuclear scintigraphy. Treatment is still controversial, although ceratohyoidectomy led to complete resolution of signs in 2 of 5 cases thus treated and improvement in the other 3. One horse with mild signs treated with antimicrobials and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs made a full recovery while another, presented with head shaking and managed with a phased exercise programme, improved but did not resolve completely.
Biosynthesis of the Metalloclusters of Molybdenum Nitrogenase
Authors: Hu Yilin , Ribbe Markus W. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARY
Nitrogenase catalyzes a key step in the global nitrogen cycle, the nucleotide-dependent reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to bioavailable ammonia. There is a substantial amount of interest in elucidating the biosynthetic mechanisms of the FeMoco and the P-cluster of nitrogenase, because these clusters are not only biologically important but also chemically unprecedented. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in this research area, with an emphasis on our work that aims at providing structural and spectroscopic insights into the assembly of these complex metalloclusters.
Responses of seed germination and protocorm formation to light intensity and temperature in epiphytic and terrestrial Liparis (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Tsutsumi Chie , Miyoshi Kazumitsu , Yukawa Tomohisa , Kato Masahiro 
Published: December 2011

Epiphytes begin their life history with seed germination on trees and live on the trees throughout the lives. In contrast, the seeds of terrestrial plants germinate on the ground. To clarify differences in early life history between epiphytes and terrestrial species, we compared the responses of in vitro asymbiotic seed germination and protocorm formation to various light intensities and temperatures between the epiphyte Liparis fujisanensis and two closely related terrestrial species, Liparis koreojaponica and Liparis kumokiri (Orchidaceae). Epiphytic germination was higher at low temperature and under high light intensity than that of the terrestrial species. Protocorms were formed only in the dark in the three species. Field measurements of temperature and photosynthetically active radiation in six natural habitats of the species from 2005 to 2006 showed that the habitats of the epiphyte were exposed to higher light intensities than those of the terrestrial species. The high germination capability of epiphyte seeds in wider ranges of light intensity and temperature may be beneficial to its seedling growth in the early growing season in exposed aboveground habitats.
Iniparib Nonselectively Modifies Cysteine-Containing Proteins in Tumor Cells and Is Not a Bona Fide PARP Inhibitor
Authors: Liu Xuesong , Shi Yan , Maag David X. , Palma Joann P. , Patterson Melanie J. , Ellis Paul A. , Surber Bruce W. , Ready Damien B. , Soni Niru B. , Ladror Uri S. , Xu Allison J. , Iyer Ramesh , Harlan John E. , Solomon Larry R. , Donawho Cherrie K. , Penning Thomas D. , Johnson Eric F. , Shoemaker Alexander R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Purpose: PARP inhibitors are being developed as therapeutic agents for cancer. More than six compounds have entered clinical trials. The majority of these compounds are β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-competitive inhibitors. One exception is iniparib, which has been proposed to be a noncompetitive PARP inhibitor. In this study, we compare the biologic activities of two different structural classes of NAD+-competitive compounds with iniparib and its C-nitroso metabolite.
Experimental Design: Two chemical series of NAD+-competitive PARP inhibitors, iniparib and its C-nitroso metabolite, were analyzed in enzymatic and cellular assays. Viability assays were carried out in MDA-MB-436 (BRCA1-deficient) and DLD1−/− (BRCA2-deficient) cells together with BRCA-proficient MDA-MB-231 and DLD1+/+ cells. Capan-1 and B16F10 xenograft models were used to compare iniparib and veliparib in vivo. Mass spectrometry and the 3H-labeling method were used to monitor the covalent modification of proteins.
Results: All NAD+-competitive inhibitors show robust activity in a PARP cellular assay, strongly potentiate the activity of temozolomide, and elicit robust cell killing in BRCA-deficient tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell killing was associated with an induction of DNA damage. In contrast, neither iniparib nor its C-nitroso metabolite inhibited PARP enzymatic or cellular activity, potentiated temozolomide, or showed activity in a BRCA-deficient setting. We find that the nitroso metabolite of iniparib forms adducts with many cysteine-containing proteins. Furthermore, both iniparib and its nitroso metabolite form protein adducts nonspecifically in tumor cells.
Conclusions: Iniparib nonselectively modifies cysteine-containing proteins in tumor cells, and the primary mechanism of action for iniparib is likely not via inhibition of PARP activity. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 510–23. ©2011 AACR.
The first methodical collection of French royal statutes: the Tractatus ordinationum regiarum by Étienne Aufréri (end of the 15th century – beginning of the 16th century)
Authors: Arabeyre Patrick 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLittle is known about the history of the first collections of French royal statutory law which appeared towards the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century. Étienne Aufréri's Tractatus ordinationum regiarum, one of the first collections to appear in print (1513–1514) and the first methodical collection of the kind, sheds some light on those early developments. The history of the collection (viz. its authorship, date and successive versions), its structure and its character (as a distinctive type of legal work, with its specific subject-matter and drafting technique) show that it was a learned undertaking at a time when the Toulouse Parlement (i.e. the supreme regional court of justice) was establishing its own particular tradition of records and when the royal procedural system was asserting its predominance.
A LASSO-based approach to analyzing rare variants in genetic association studies
Authors: Brennan Jennifer S , He Yunxiao , Calixte Rose , Nyirabahizi Epiphanie , Jiang Yuan , Zhang Heping 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Genetic markers with rare variants are spread out in the genome, making it necessary and difficult to consider them in genetic association studies. Consequently, wisely combining rare variants into “composite” markers may facilitate meaningful analyses. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of analyzing rare variant data by incorporating the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator technique. We applied this method to the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 data, and our results suggest that this new approach is promising. In addition, we took advantage of having 200 phenotype replications and assessed the performance of our approach by means of repeated classification tree analyses. Our method and analyses were performed without knowledge of the underlying simulating model. Our method identified 38 markers (in 65 genes) that are significantly associated with the phenotype Affected and correctly identified two causal genes, SIRT1 and PDGFD.
Effect of population stratification analysis on false-positive rates for common and rare variants
Authors: He Hua , Zhang Xue , Ding Lili , Baye Tesfaye M , Kurowski Brad G , Martin Lisa J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Principal components analysis (PCA) has been successfully used to correct for population stratification in genome-wide association studies of common variants. However, rare variants also have a role in common disease etiology. Whether PCA successfully controls population stratification for rare variants has not been addressed. Thus we evaluate the effect of population stratification analysis on false-positive rates for common and rare variants at the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and gene level. We use the simulation data from Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 and compare false-positive rates with and without PCA at the SNP and gene level. We found that SNPs’ minor allele frequency (MAF) influenced the ability of PCA to effectively control false discovery. Specifically, PCA reduced false-positive rates more effectively in common SNPs (MAF > 0.05) than in rare SNPs (MAF < 0.01). Furthermore, at the gene level, although false-positive rates were reduced, power to detect true associations was also reduced using PCA. Taken together, these results suggest that sequence-level data should be interpreted with caution, because extremely rare SNPs may exhibit sporadic association that is not controlled using PCA.