bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyloric stenosis: A retrospective study of an Australian population
Authors: Gotley Lisa M , Blanch A , Kimble R , Frawley K , Acworth Jason P 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIncreased awareness of idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) and readily available ultrasonographic diagnosis might mean that ‘classic’ presentations are becoming less common. We sought to describe the epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes of children with IHPS in the modern era. A retrospective case review of all cases of IHPS presenting to a single tertiary paediatric hospital over an 11 year period was conducted. Inclusion criteria were met by 329 children with confirmed IHPS. Eighty‐four per cent of patients were male and 19% were born premature. Premature infants tended to present later, reflecting postmenstrual age. The median age at presentation was 5 weeks (range 0–31) with median symptom duration of 7 days (range 1–95). At least one classic symptom or sign was present in 87% of infants but only 14% had the classic triad (projectile vomiting, palpable olive and visible peristalsis). Elevated bicarbonate was present in 61% of blood samples, whereas hypochloraemia was found in only 29%. Ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis in 89%. Surgical techniques were similar in outcome, except that incomplete pyloromyotomy was more common with the laparoscopic compared with periumbilical approach (6% vs 1%, P= 0.023). IHPS occurs more frequently in male and ex‐premature infants. It commonly presents without the full spectrum of ‘classic’ symptoms and signs. Given the availability of ultrasound diagnosis, IHPS should be considered in all babies with any one of the classic findings.
Reduced Labial Temperature in Response to Sexual Films with Distractors among Women with Lower Sexual Desire
Authors: Prause Nicole , Heiman Julia 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual desire variation traditionally has been treated as due to variance in affective response to sexual stimulation, but differences in attention to the stimuli may better account for differences in sexual desire.

Aim
Determine whether sexual desire varies due to attention biases towards sexual stimuli.

Main outcome measures
Sexual arousal was quantified by physiological (labia minus temperature) and experienced (continuously adjusting a potentiometer) indicators.

Methods
Twenty-two women who varied in their level of sexual desire attended one laboratory session during which they viewed a neutral nature film, a sexual film, and a sexual film with distractors while their labial temperature and self-reported sexual arousal were recorded.

Results
Participants reported and displayed lower sexual arousal during the sexual stimulus with distractors as compared to the sexual film without distractors. While all women reported lower sexual arousal to the sexual film with distractors, women with relatively lower sexual desire also reported lower sexual arousal to the sexual film with no distractors than women with higher sexual desire. Physiologically, women with lower sexual desire exhibited lower labial temperature.

Conclusions
Since the predicted lower self-reported and physiological sexual arousal to the sexual stimulus with distractors for the women with lower sexual desire did not emerge, this study does not support that sexual desire levels vary due to differential attention to sexual stimuli.
Effects of 12-Month Tadalafil Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction on Couple Relationships: Results from the DETECT Study
Authors: Verheyden Benny , Roumeguère Thierry , Bitton Alain , Belger Mark , Schmitt Henry 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is distressing and can affect a couple’s relationship.

Aim
To investigate partner awareness of ED, relationship problems, and the effects of tadalafil treatment over 12 months.

Methods
The Determinants of Continued Use of Tadalafil study is a prospective 12-month European observational study in patients with ED initiating or changing treatment to on-demand tadalafil. A total of 1,900 patients were enrolled in eight countries. Assessments were made on predefined treatment outcomes in a routine clinical setting.

Main Outcome Measures
At baseline, 1, 6, and 12 months, patients were asked about relationship problems (unspecified), partner awareness and support of consultation, and partner sexual problems. Data were analyzed for patients continuing tadalafil at 12 months.

Results
At baseline, 96% of patients had a partner, 80% of partners supported an ED consult, and 73% were aware of the consultation. Relationship problems were reported by 17% of patients at baseline. At 12 months, 84% of patients were still taking tadalafil. Of these, 19% reported relationship problems at baseline. After 12 months of treatment with tadalafil, 4% of patients still reported perceived problems. Factors associated with no relationship problems at 12 months were: at baseline, no previous ED treatment, partner in poor health; and at 12 months a lower ED severity. If the partner was felt to have a sexual problem at 12 months, relationship improvement was less likely. Further, 3% of patients developed relationship problems during treatment. Factors associated with developing a relationship problem were: a history of pelvic surgery at baseline, a different partner at 12 months than at baseline, and a partner with a sexual problem at 12 months.

Conclusions
Improvement of ED with tadalafil was associated with reduced relationship problems, suggesting that problems were associated with ED and resolved with treatment.
Just between Friends: Bilateral Cooperation and Bounded Sovereignty in the “Global War on Terror”
Authors: BISWAS BIDISHA 
Published: October 2009

The “Global War on Terror,” led by the United States, emphasizes the role of international alliances in tackling terrorist threats. By their very nature, international counterterrorism efforts challenge state sovereignty by requiring changes to both foreign and domestic policies. This, in turn, creates complex sovereignty issues and raises some interesting questions for closer examination. How has cooperation in counterterrorism altered the perceptions and behavior of allies of the United States? Has the post‐9/11 security environment constrained the sovereignty of other nations? This article explores these questions in the context of Canada's cooperation with the United States. The study argues that Canada's sovereignty has been bounded, but not determined, by U.S. demands. Examining the relationship between the United States and Canada can help us understand both the limitations and the continuing relevance of the traditional concepts of power, sovereignty, and interdependence in international relations.La “Guerra Global contra el Terrorismo,” encabezada por los Estados Unidos, enfatiza el rol de las alianzas internacionales para afrontar las amenazas terroristas. Por su propia naturaleza, las acciones contra el terrorismo ponen a prueba la soberanía de los estados al requerir cambios tanto en su política exterior como en la interna. Esto, a su vez, genera complejos problemas de soberanía y crea algunas preguntas interesantes para ser examinadas. ¿Cómo ha alterado la cooperación contra el terrorismo la percepción y el comportamiento de los aliadosde Estados Unidos? ¿Ha restringido la soberanía de otras naciones el ambiente de seguridad posterior a 11/9? Este artículo explora estas cuestiones en el contexto de la cooperación Canadiense con los Estados Unidos. El estudio argumenta que la soberanía Canadiense ha sido limitada, pero no determinada, por las demandas estadounidenses. Examinar la relación entre los Estados Unidos y Canadá puede ayudarnos a comprender tanto las limitaciones y la continua relevancia de las concepciones tradicionales de poder, soberanía, e interdependencia en las relaciones internacionales.
Public Accounts Committees, New Public Management, and Institutionalism: A Case Study
Authors: JONES KATE , JACOBS KERRY 
Published: October 2009

The rise of New Public Management is often seen as undermining traditional systems of parliamentary financial oversight. One of the most prevalent of such systems is the public accounts committee, found in most Westminster parliamentary systems. We examine the experience of such a committee, the Public Accounts and Estimates Committee in the State of Victoria, Australia, at a time when a reforming state government implemented wide‐ranging reforms based on the principles of new public management. We argue that the strength of the committee can be understood by using a historical institutionalism perspective.El ascenso de lo que ha venido a llamarse la Nueva Gerencia Pública es a menudo visto como algo que subvierte el control financiero en sistemas parlamentarios tradicionales. Uno de los más frecuentes en dichos sistemas es el Comité de Cuentas Públicas, encontrado en la mayoría de los sistemas parlamentarios Westminster. Estudiamos la experiencia de tal tipo de comité, el Comité de Cuentas Públicas y Presupuesto del estado de Victoria, Australia, a tiempo que un gobierno reformista en turno implementó diversas medidas basadas en los principios de la nueva gerencia pública. Argumentamos que la fuerza de tal tipo de comités puede ser comprendida desde una perspectiva histórica institucionalista.
Flavor Characterization of Sugar‐Added Pennywort (Centella asiatica L.) Juices Treated with Ultra‐High Pressure and Thermal Processes
Authors: Apichartsrangkoon Arunee , Wongfhun Pronprapa , Gordon Michael H. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT:  The flavor characteristics of pennywort juices with added sugar treated by ultra‐high pressure, pasteurization, and sterilization were investigated using solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. It was found that sesquiterpene hydrocarbons comprised the major class of volatile components present and the juices had a characteristic aroma due to the presence of volatiles including β‐caryophyllene and humulene and α‐copaene. In comparison with heated juices, HPP‐treated samples could retain more volatile compounds such as linalool and geraniol similar to those present in fresh juice, whereas some volatiles such as α‐terpinene and ketone class were apparently formed by thermal treatment. All processing operations produced juice that was not significantly different in the concentration of total volatiles.Practical Application: Pennywort juice is considered a nutraceutical drink for health benefits. Therefore, to preserve all aroma and active components in this juice, a nonthermal process such as ultra‐high pressure should be a more appropriate technique for retention of its nutritive values than pasteurization and sterilization.
In vitro production of transfusable red blood cells
Authors: Nakamura Y. 
Published: October 2009

Background  The supply of transfusable red blood cells (RBCs) is not sufficient in many countries. If transfusable RBCs could be produced abundantly from certain resources it would be very useful. We have developed a method to produce enucleated RBCs efficiently from haematopoietic stem cells present in umbilical cord blood (Nat Biotechnol 2006; 24:1255). More recently, it was reported that enucleated RBCs could be abundantly produced from human embryonic stem (ES) cells (Blood 2008; 112:4475). The common obstacle for application of these methods is that these methods require very high cost to produce sufficient number of RBCs that are applicable in the clinic.Aims  If erythroid cell lines (immortalized cell lines) able to produce transfusable RBCs in vitro were established, they would be valuable resources. However, such cell lines have not been established. To evaluate the feasibility of establishing useful erythroid cell lines, we attempted to establish such cell lines from mouse ES cells.Methods  We developed a robust method to obtain differentiated cell lines following the induction of haematopoietic differentiation of mouse ES cells. Briefly, we have used feeder cells and several kinds of humoral factor so as to induce haematopoietic differentiation of mouse ES cells efficiently.Results  We established five independent haematopoietic cell lines using the method. Three of these lines exhibited characteristics of erythroid cells. Although their precise characteristics varied, each of these lines could differentiate in vitro into more mature erythroid cells, including enucleated RBCs. Following transplantation of these erythroid cells into mice suffering from acute anaemia, the cells proliferated transiently, subsequently differentiated into functional RBCs, and significantly ameliorated the acute anaemia. In addition, we did not observe formation of any tumours following transplantation of these cells (PLoS ONE 2008; 3:e1544).Conclusions  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show the feasibility of establishing erythroid cell lines ablility to produce mature RBCs. Considering the number of human ES cell lines that have been established so far and the number of induced pluripotent stem cell lines that will be established in future, the intensive testing of a number of these lines for erythroid potential may allow the establishment of human erythroid cell lines similar to the mouse erythroid cell lines.
Epidemiology of dengue and chikungunya viruses and their potential impact on the blood supply
Authors: Ng L. C. , Lam S. , Teo D. 
Published: October 2009

Dengue and chikungunya, transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes, have caught worldwide attention because of increase in the frequency of major epidemics in recent years. Though transmitted by the same vectors, they are caused by different viruses (DENV and CHIKV) that belong to the genus Flavivirus and Alphavirus, respectively.There has been a worldwide resurgence of dengue in the last few decades. Today, it is estimated that it affects at least 50–100 million people every year. With more than 100 countries, between the 10°C isothermal lines, being endemic, 2·5 billion people are at risk of infection. Facilitated by rapid urbanization and increased travel, the disease continues to make its geographical spread, and the number of cases continues to rise across the world.Chikungunya outbreaks have been reported in Asia and Africa. Major epidemics appear and disappear cyclically, usually with an inter‐epidemic period of 7–20 years. However, its recent unprecedented explosive outbreaks since 2005, revealed an altered epidemiology. Millions of cases have been reported as the disease sweeps across the islands in the Indian Ocean, followed by countries in South Asia and South East Asia. An outbreak in Italy in 2007 demonstrated the threat of the tropical disease to temperate countries. These two Aedes‐borne diseases have also impacted travellers significantly, with numerous reports of imported cases in countries with no transmission.In both diseases, viruses have been detected prior to the onset of symptoms, and asymptomatic cases have also been reported. As a result, under‐ and delayed diagnoses have led to dengue transmission through organ transplant and blood transfusion. The potential impact of the epidemiology of the two diseases on the safety of blood and organ donation will be discussed.
Dental team management for a patient with Klippel–Feil syndrome: Case report
Authors: De Deus Moura de Lima Marina , Ortega Karem Lopez , Araújo Luis Carlos Arias , Soares Marcelo Melo , De Magalhães Marina Helena Cury Gallottini 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTKlippel–Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by a short neck, a low posterior hairline, and limited head movement. Occasionally, patients with KFS may also show signs of deafness, intellectual disability, cardiac malformation, palpebral ptosis, facial nerve paralysis, cleft palate, and scoliosis. Although some researchers have documented this syndrome, scant attention has been paid to craniomaxillofacial manifestations and dental treatment of patients with KFS. The objective of this case report was to describe the planning and execution of dental treatment for a 10‐year‐old male patient with KFS.
Soccer Science and the Bayes Community: Exploring the Cognitive Implications of Modern Scientific Communication
Authors: Shrager Jeff , Billman Dorrit , Convertino Gregorio , Massar J. P. , Pirolli Peter 
Published: October 2009

AbstractScience is a form of distributed analysis involving both individual work that produces new knowledge and collaborative work to exchange information with the larger community. There are many particular ways in which individual and community can interact in science, and it is difficult to assess how efficient these are, and what the best way might be to support them. This paper reports on a series of experiments in this area and a prototype implementation using a research platform called CACHE. CACHE both supports experimentation with different structures of interaction between individual and community cognition and serves as a prototype for computational support for those structures. We particularly focus on CACHE‐BC, the Bayes community version of CACHE, within which the community can break up analytical tasks into “mind‐sized” units and use provenance tracking to keep track of the relationship between these units.
Prevalence and significance of extracellular myelin‐like material in canine cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Zabolotzky Shanon M. , Vernau Karen M. , Kass Philip H. , Vernau William 
Published: October 2009

Background: Myelin‐like material in canine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens has been attributed to demyelinating or myelomalacic conditions. In our experience, myelin‐like material is observed frequently, especially in lumbar samples, and in a variety of disease conditions.Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine if there are associations between the presence of myelin‐like material and CSF collection site, body weight, underlying disease, and patient outcome.Methods: Wright–Giemsa‐stained cytocentrifuged specimens of CSF from the cerebellomedullary cistern (n=51) and lumbar cistern (n=47) of 98 dogs with neurologic disease were evaluated retrospectively for the presence and amount of extracellular myelin‐like material. Results were compared based on collection site, body weight, type of neurologic disease, and outcome.Results: Myelin‐like material was observed in 20/98 (20%) samples and was more frequently observed in lumbar (17/47, 36%) than cerebellomedullary samples (3/51, 6%) (P=.0028). Samples from dogs <10 kg were more likely to contain myelin (14/36, 39%) compared with dogs ≥10 kg (5/60, 8%) (P=.0052). Larger amounts of myelin‐like material were observed in CSF from dogs with intervertebral disk disease compared with other diseases (P=.045). No association was found between myelin‐like material and outcome.Conclusion: The association of extracellular myelin‐like material in canine CSF samples with sampling site and body weight suggests it is more often an artifact of collection technique and anatomy rather than the result of neurologic disease. Myelin‐like material in CSF is not associated with a poorer prognosis.
Experimental Determination of the Permeability in the Lacunar-Canalicular Porosity of Bone
Authors: Gailani Gaffar , Benalla Mohammed , Mahamud Rashal , Cowin Stephen C. , Cardoso Luis 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Permeability of the mineralized bone tissue is a critical element in understanding fluid flow occurring in the lacunar-canalicular porosity (PLC) compartment of bone and its role in bone nutrition and mechanotransduction. However, the estimation of bone permeability at the tissue level is affected by the influence of the vascular porosity in macroscopic samples containing several osteons. In this communication, both analytical and experimental approaches are proposed to estimate the lacunar-canalicular permeability in a single osteon. Data from an experimental stress-relaxation test in a single osteon are used to derive the PLC permeability by curve fitting to theoretical results from a compressible transverse isotropic poroelastic model of a porous annular disk under a ramp loading history (2007, “Compressible and Incompressible Constituents in Anisotropic Poroelasticity: The Problem of Unconfined Compression of a Disk,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 55, pp. 161–193; 2008, “The Unconfined Compression of a Poroelastic Annular Cylindrical Disk,” Mech. Mater., 40(6), pp. 507–523). The PLC tissue intrinsic permeability in the radial direction of the osteon was found to be dependent on the strain rate used and within the range of O(10−24)–O(10−25). The reported values of PLC permeability are in reasonable agreement with previously reported values derived using finite element analysis (FEA) and nanoindentation approaches.
A Structural Multi-Mechanism Damage Model for Cerebral Arterial Tissue
Authors: Li Dalong , Robertson Anne M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEarly stage cerebral aneurysms are characterized by the disruption of the internal elastic lamina. The cause of this breakdown is still not understood, but it has been conjectured to be due to fatigue failure and/or by a breakdown in homeostatic mechanisms in the wall arising from some aspect of the local hemodynamics and wall tension. We propose to model this disruption using a structural damage model. It is built on a previously introduced nonlinear, inelastic multi-mechanism model for cerebral arteries (2005, “An Inelastic Multi-Mechanism Constitutive Equation for Cerebral Arterial Tissue,” Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol., 4(4), pp. 235–248), as well as a recent generalization to include the wall anisotropy (2009, “A Structural Multi-Mechanism Constitutive Equation for Cerebral Arterial Tissue,” Int. J. Solids Struct., 46(14–15), pp. 2920–2928). The current model includes subfailure damage of the elastin, represented by changes in the tissue mechanical properties and unloaded reference length. A structural model is used to characterize the gradual degradation, failure of elastin, and recruitment of anisotropic collagen fibers. The collagen fibers are arranged in two helically oriented families with dispersion in their orientation. Available inelastic experimental data for cerebral arteries are used to evaluate the constitutive model. It is then implemented in a commercial finite element analysis package and validated using analytical solutions with representative values for cerebral arterial tissue.