bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the parotid gland: Report of one case diagnosed by fine‐needle cytology with in situ malignant transformation
Authors: Fulciniti Franco , Losito Nunzia Simona , Ionna Franco , Longo Francesco , Aversa Corrado , Botti Gerardo , Foschini Maria Pia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is a rare pathological condition affecting the salivary glands, first described by Smith etal. in 1996. Even though this lesion is being increasingly diagnosed, less than 50 cases have been published in the world literature to date. In line with numerous other pathological analogies between breast and salivary gland lesions, SPA shares with fibrocystic disease of the breast many histopathological features, i.e., fibrosis, oncocytic (apocrine) changes, hyperplasia of ductal and acinar epithelium, cystic dilation of ducts, and, often, atypical epithelial changes. Most of the described cases have followed a benign clinical course, despite the frequent possibility of atypical hyperplasia in more than 50% of the cases and of the more than occasional in situ malignant transformation. In this article, we introduce a new case occurring in the parotid gland of a 57‐year‐old male showing atypical epithelial hyperplasia and low‐grade in situ mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Fine‐needle cytology (FNC) was performed on the lesion and, when a diagnosis of SPA was prospected, the variegated cytological features of the obtained sample posed several differential diagnostic problems. The spectrum of pathological lesions entering differential diagnosis comprised sebaceous adenoma, Warthin's tumors with presence of sebaceous remnants, and low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Histopathological examination disclosed SCA with intraductal neoplastic transformation resembling noninvasive low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The cytological diagnosis of SPA should be entertained whenever a polymorphous picture is found on FNC samples comprising oncocytic/apocrine changes, sebaceous cells, cystic background, and epithelial hyperplasia with low‐grade cytological atypias. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of “Signet‐ring cells” seen in exfoliative and aspiration cytopathology
Authors: Wu Julie M. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract“Signet ring cell” (SRC) is a phenotypic designation for a cell with a large clear cytoplasmic vacuole displacing the nucleus to the periphery. Our study focuses on the cytopathologic significance of SRCs in the context of diagnostic range, ancillary studies, and clinical prognosis.A retrospective review revealed 83 cases of SRCs diagnosed in a 16‐year period (1989–2004). Clinical data and ancillary studies were reviewed.The most common specimen types consisted of abdominal and pleural SCFs (45, 54%). Of the 83 cases, 13 (16%) were benign, 65 (78%) malignant, and 5 (6%) indeterminate. Benign lesions mostly comprised of reactive mesothelial cells (9 cases, 69%). Of the malignant lesions, 47 (72%) were metastases, 14 (22%) were primary cancers and 4 (6%) were local cancer recurrences. Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent malignant diagnosis (53, 82%). All FNAs with SRCs had a malignant diagnosis. Cytopathologic diagnoses impacted clinical prognosis and survival times.The most common site for occurrence of SRCs is abdominal fluid and their presence usually indicates malignancy (78%). Most cancers with SRCs are metastatic in origin (72%) with a significant proportion from unknown primaries (51%). Cytologic diagnoses of SRCs for cancer have 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Papanicolaou tests associated with cervical mucosal endometriosis: An analysis of cellular features and comparison to endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ
Authors: Biscotti Charles V. , Ray Nancy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEndometrium directly sampled from endocervical mucosal endometriosis can mimic endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) in Papanicolaou (Pap) tests. We analyzed a series of Pap tests to investigate the cellular features of mucosal endometriosis and to assess the utility of stroma and apoptotic bodies in the differential diagnosis with AIS. Pap test samples from patients known to have endocervical mucosal endometriosis were compared with samples containing AIS. Pap tests from patients with mucosal endometriosis had lesional cells in 13 (62%) cases which includes glandular and stromal cells (10 cases), stroma only (two cases), and glandular cells only (one case). Three (23%) cases had gland‐stromal aggregates. Three (23%) cases had mitotic figures and two (15%) had apoptotic bodies. By comparison, only one (8%) AIS case had endometrial‐type stroma. Seven (58%) AIS cases had apoptotic bodies and three (25%) had mitotic figures. We conclude that Pap tests from patients with mucosal endometriosis usually (62%) have lesional cells. These lesional cells almost always include stroma, which is useful in the differential diagnosis with AIS. We identified stroma significantly more often in endometriosis cases (92%) than in AIS cases (8%). Pathologists should look for endometrial stroma when considering an interpretation of directly sampled endometrium. In the absence of stroma, AIS should be considered. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:551–554. 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of prenatal and postnatal methamphetamine exposure on nociception in adult female rats
Authors: Hrubá Lenka , Vaculín Šimon , Šlamberová Romana 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine effects of methamphetamine (MA) exposure and cross‐fostering on thermal nociceptive thresholds in different estrous phases in adult female rats. Rat mothers were exposed daily to injection of MA (5 mg/kg) or saline for 9 weeks: prior to impregnation, throughout gestation and lactation periods. Dams without any injections were used as an absolute control. On postnatal day 1, pups were cross‐fostered so that each mother raised four pups of her own and eight pups from the mothers with the other two treatments. Offspring females were tested in adulthood (85–90 days) for thermal nociception as latency [s] of withdrawal reaction of forelimbs, hind limbs, and tail. Our results showed that prenatal MA exposure did not affect the nociception in adulthood, while postnatal MA exposure (i.e., MA administration to lactating mothers) had pro‐nociceptive effects. The effect of postnatal MA exposure was apparent in both, fore‐ and hind limbs, while the latency to tail withdrawal reaction was the same among the groups. In addition, the pro‐nociceptive effect of postnatal MA exposure did not depend on estrous cycle. This study indicates that postnatal but not prenatal exposure to MA affects nociception in adult female rats. However, it is still not clear whether the pro‐nociceptive effect of postnatal MA exposure is linked to direct action of MA on neuronal organization, or to indirect action of MA mediated by impaired maternal care. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 71–77, 2010
How firms should hedge: An extension
Authors: Korn Olaf 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis note studies a firm's optimal hedging strategy with tailor‐made exotic derivatives under both price risk and quantity risk. It extends the analysis of Brown G. W. and Toft K.‐B. (2002) by relaxing the assumption of a bivariate normal distribution. The optimal payoff function of a derivative contract is characterized in terms of the expectation and variance of the quantity, conditional on the price. This main result is illustrated by different examples, stressing the importance of the dependence structure between price risk and quantity risk for the choice of appropriate hedging instruments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:834–845, 2010
Young children's moral judgments of commission and omission related to the understanding of Knowledge or Ignorance
Authors: Hayashi Hajimu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study examined developmental change in young children's moral judgments of commission and omission related to mental states, especially knowledge or ignorance. 4–5 and 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds (n=67) made moral judgments about the tasks related to the understanding of knowledge or ignorance. The tasks were also composed of two types of acts: commission or omission. The results showed that the both age groups understood knowledge and ignorance, but that the older group made moral judgments based on this understanding more similar to adults compared to the younger group. There was not an age difference concerning whether the acts were of commission or omission. These findings indicate that there is no difference for young children in the difficulty in moral judgments of acts of commission and omission related to mental states, whereas there is a developmental difference in using the understanding of knowledge or ignorance for making moral judgments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taiwan cobra phospholipase A2‐elicited JNK activation is responsible for autocrine fas‐mediated cell death and modulating Bcl‐2 and Bax protein expression in human leukemia K562 cells
Authors: Chen Ku‐Chung , Liu Wen‐Hsin , Chang Long‐Sen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPhospholipase A2 (PLA2) from Naja naja atra venom induced apoptotic death of human leukemia K562 cells. Degradation of procaspases, production of tBid, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, Bcl‐2 degradation, mitochondrial translocation of Bax, and cytochrome c release were observed in PLA2‐treated cells. Moreover, PLA2 treatment increased Fas and FasL protein expression. Upon exposure to PLA2, activation of p38 MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase) and JNK (c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase) was found in K562 cells. SB202190 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) pretreatment enhanced cytotoxic effect of PLA2 and led to prolonged JNK activation, but failed to affect PLA2‐induced upregulation of Fas and FasL protein expression. Sustained JNK activation aggravated caspase8/mitochondria‐dependent death pathway, downregulated Bcl‐2 expression and increased mitochondrial translocation of Bax. SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) abolished the cytotoxic effect of PLA2 and PLA2‐induced autocrine Fas death pathway. Transfection ASK1 siRNA and overexpression of dominant negative p38α MAPK proved that ASK1 pathway was responsible for PLA2‐induced p38 MAPK and JNK activation and p38α MAPK activation suppressed dynamically persistent JNK activation. Downregulation of FADD abolished PLA2‐induced procaspase‐8 degradation and rescued viability of PLA2‐treated cells. Taken together, our results indicate that JNK‐mediated autocrine Fas/FasL apoptotic mechanism and modulation of Bcl‐2 family proteins are involved in PLA2‐induced death of K562 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 245–254, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ hybridization and immunofluorescence on resin‐embedded tissue to identify the components of Nissl substance
Authors: Singhrao Sim K. , Nair‐Roberts Radha G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt is not clear whether the Nissl substance is present at the axon hillock. To clarify this gap in knowledge, we conducted in situ hybridization (ISH) on mouse brain tissue using 30‐μm cryostat and 1–3‐μm acrylic resin sections. Cryostat and rehydrated resin sections were exposed to digoxygenin‐labeled glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 sense and antisense riboprobes. Consecutive sections from tissue embedded in resin were subjected to the ribosomal protein L26 primary antibody to determine the distribution of the ribo/polysomes. ISH results from the antisense riboprobe in both cryostat and resin‐embedded tissue sections demonstrated an abundance of message in the neurons from the substantia nigra pars reticulate. In addition, the resin sections demonstrated hybridization signal in the axon hillock of some neurons. Immunofluorescence labeling of consecutive sections using an antibody to the most abundant ribosomal protein L26 confirmed their distribution in the cell body and the axon hillock of similar neurons. Compared with the 30‐μm cryostat sections, the most striking feature of ISH in the thinner resin (2–3 μm) sections was that there was a phenomenal improvement in the overall clarity and spatial resolution. Reexamination of the axon hillock when continuous with the cell body in cryostat sections revealed that the same message was also present, except it was overlooked initially because of overlapping cell populations in thick tissue slices. As ribosomes are a component of Nissl substance, we propose that the axon hillock, like other parts of the neuron, does contain Nissl substance. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of Hurricane Rita and subsequent drought on alligators in southwest Louisiana
Authors: Lance Valentine A. , Elsey Ruth M. , Butterstein George , Trosclair Phillip L. , Merchant Mark 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHurricane Rita struck the coast of southwest Louisiana in September 2005. The storm generated an enormous tidal surge of approximately four meters in height that inundated many thousands of acres of the coastal marsh with full strength seawater. The initial surge resulted in the deaths of a number of alligators and severely stressed those who survived. In addition, a prolonged drought (the lowest rainfall in 111 years of recorded weather data) following the hurricane resulted in highly saline conditions that persisted in the marsh for several months. We had the opportunity to collect 11 blood samples from alligators located on Holly Beach less than a month after the hurricane, but were unable to collect samples from alligators on Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge until February 2006. Conditions at Rockefeller Refuge did not permit systematic sampling, but a total of 201 samples were collected on the refuge up through August 2006. The blood samples were analyzed for sodium, potassium, chloride, osmolality, and corticosterone. Blood samples from alligators sampled on Holly Beach in October 2005, showed a marked elevation in plasma osmolality, sodium, chloride, potassium, corticosterone, and an elevated heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. Blood samples from alligators on Rockefeller Refuge showed increasing levels of corticosterone as the drought persisted and elevated osmolality and electrolytes. After substantial rainfall in July and August, these indices of osmotic stress returned to within normal limits. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:106–113, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Less aid proliferation and more donor coordination? The wide gap between words and deeds
Authors: Aldasoro Iñaki , Nunnenkamp Peter , Thiele Rainer 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe present a two‐step approach of assessing whether major donors of foreign aid have met recent demands for less proliferated and better coordinated aid efforts. First, we calculate Theil indices revealing the concentration of each donor's aid on recipient countries and specific aid sectors. Second, we map overlaps of aid from different donors and over time to analyze the degree of coordination. Our results point to a wide and persistent gap between the rhetoric of political declarations and the donors' actual aid allocation during the period 1995–2006. Few donors have specialized on a limited set of recipients and aid sectors, and coordination has remained elusive. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The chemokine SDF‐1/CXCL12 contributes to the ‘homing’ of umbilical cord blood cells to a hypoxic‐ischemic lesion in the rat brain
Authors: Rosenkranz Katja , Kumbruch Sandra , Lebermann Katrin , Marschner Katrin , Jensen Arne , Dermietzel Rolf , Meier Carola 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that transplanted human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)‐derived mononuclear cells exert therapeutic effects in various animal models of CNS impairments, including those of perinatal hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury. However, the mechanisms of how transplanted cells exert their beneficial effects on the damaged tissue are still unclear. As detection of hUCB cells at the lesion site coincides with the therapeutic effects observed in our model, we investigated the role of the chemokine stromal derived factor (SDF)‐1 (CXCL12) as a possible candidate for chemotaxis‐mediated ‘homing’ of transplanted hUCB cells to a hypoxic‐ischemic lesion in the perinatal rat brain. Following the hypoxic‐ischemic insult expression of SDF‐1 significantly increased in lesioned brain hemispheres and was mainly associated with astrocytes. Transplanted hUCB cells expressing the SDF‐1 receptor CXCR4 migrated to the lesion site within one day. Inhibition of SDF‐1 by application of neutralizing antibodies in vivo resulted in a significantly reduced number of hUCB cells at the lesioned area. The increase in glial SDF‐1 expression shortly after induction of the lesion and hUCB cells expressing the corresponding receptor makes SDF‐1 a potential chemotactic factor for hUCB cell migration. The reduction of hUCB cells present at the lesion site upon functional inhibition of SDF‐1 strengthens the view that the SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis is of major importance for cell ‘homing’. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of c‐Jun in the nuclei of neurons of the CA‐1 in thrombin preconditioning occurs via PAR‐1
Authors: Price Melanie , Badaut Jérôme , Thevenet Jonathan , Hirt Lorenz 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecently it has been shown that the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) plays a role in thrombin preconditioning (TPC) in vivo and in vitro. To investigate further the pathways involved in TPC, we performed an immunohistochemical study in hippocampal slice cultures. Here we show that the major target of JNK, the AP‐1 transcription factor c‐Jun, is activated by phosphorylation in the nuclei of neurons of the CA1 region by using phospho‐specific antibodies against the two JNK phosphorylation sites. The activation is early and transient, peaking at 90 min and not present by 3 hr after low‐dose thrombin administration. Treatment of cultures with a synthetic thrombin receptor agonist results in the same c‐Jun activation profile and protection against subsequent OGD, both of which are prevented by specific JNK inhibitors, showing that thrombin signals through PAR‐1 to JNK. By using an antibody against the Ser 73 phosphorylation site of c‐Jun, we identify possible additional TPC substrates. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A mesh adaptation framework for dealing with large deforming meshes
Authors: Compère Gaëtan , Remacle Jean‐François , Jansson Johan , Hoffman Johan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we identify and propose solutions for several issues encountered when designing a mesh adaptation package, such as mesh‐to‐mesh projections and mesh database design, and we describe an algorithm to integrate a mesh adaptation procedure in a physics solver. The open‐source MAdLib package is presented as an example of such a mesh adaptation library. A new technique combining global node repositioning and mesh optimization in order to perform arbitrarily large deformations is also proposed. We then present several test cases to evaluate the performances of the proposed techniques and to show their applicability to fluid–structure interaction problems with arbitrarily large deformations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous enhancement of electrical conductivity and impact strength via formation of carbon black‐filler network in PP/EPDM Blends
Authors: Yang Hong , Li Bo , Zhang Qin , Du Rongni , Fu Qiang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe electrical conductivity and impact strength of polypropylene(PP)/EPDM/carbon black ternary composites were investigated in this paper. Two processing methods were employed to prepare these ternary composites. One was called one‐step processing method, in which the elastomer and the filler directly melt blended with PP matrix. Another one was called two‐step processing method, in which the elastomer and the filler were mixed first, and then melt blended with pure PP. To get an optimal phase morphology that favors the electrical conductivity and impact strength, controlling the distribution of CB in PP/EPDM blend was a crucial factor. Thus the interfacial tension and the work of adhesion were first calculated based on the measurement of contact angle, and the results showed that CB tended to be accumulated around EPDM phases to form filler‐network structure. Expectably, the filler‐network structure was observed in PP/EPDM/CB(80/20/3) composite prepared by two‐step processing method. The formation of this filler‐network structure decreased the percolation threshold of CB particles in polymer matrix, and the electrical conductivity as well as Izod impact strength of the composite increased dramatically. This work provided a new way to prepare polymer composites with both improved conductivity and impact strength. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust static output feedback design for polynomial nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhao Dan , Wang Jian‐Liang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA computational scheme of solving the nonlinear static output feedback design problems for a class of polynomial nonlinear systems is investigated in this paper. Sufficient conditions to achieve the closed‐loop stability with or withoutH∞performance are presented as state‐dependent matrix inequalities, which provides an effective way for the application of the new sum of squares programming technique to obtain computationally tractable solutions. By introducing additional matrix variables, we succeed in eliminating the coupling between system matrices and the Lyapunov matrix. The proposed methodology is also extended to the synthesis for the parameter‐dependent polynomial systems. Robust polynomial output feedback controller is designed in an efficient computational manner. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Downstream channel changes after a small dam removal: Using aerial photos and measurement error for context; Calapooia River, Oregon
Authors: Walter Cara , Tullos Desiree D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDam removal is often implemented without adequate baseline monitoring to distinguish background variability from channel changes due to the removal. This study evaluated aerial photos as substitutes for multiple‐year pre‐removal field data to assess downstream channel changes associated with a small dam removal. The Brownsville Dam, a 2.1 m tall concrete dam on the Calapooia River, Oregon, was removed in 2007. We mapped bars and the low flow channel downstream from the dam and in an upstream control reach using aerial photos (1994–2008) and in the field prior to (2007) and following (2008) removal. The locations and magnitudes of changes in bar area and wetted width, relative to errors, indicate that downstream channel changes were a result of the removal. The maximum changes (−3520 ± 1460 m2 for bar area, 32 ± 8 m for wetted width) observed prior to dam removal with aerial photos were far downstream. In contrast, the maximum changes after removal were immediately below the dam (200 ± 90 m2 for bar area, −11 ± 3 m for wetted width), and small in the upstream control (−150 ± 130 m2 for bar area, 9 ± 4 m for wetted width). The dominant errors were photo specific: exposure error for spring to summer comparisons, position error for photos not processed for this study and identification error for small scale photos not scanned from film. We found aerial photos to be an acceptable but coarse substitute for multi‐year pre‐removal field data, and suggest best practices to minimize errors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.