bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crashworthiness capability comparison of a 3D Greek cross fractal structure additively manufactured with polyamide and thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Viccica Marco , Serra Gabriel Ferreira , de Sousa Ricardo Alves , Galati Manuela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDesigners are continuously searching for materials or meta-structures, also inspired by nature, that exhibit favourable strength-to-weight ratios, substantial heat transfer capabilities, and efficient energy absorption. One particular example includes fractal geometries, which usually consist of intricate three-dimensional geometrical structures and are challenging to produce through traditional manufacturing methods. In this regard, this study analyses the performance of a three-dimensional cross-based fractal structure (3D-CFS) designed for energy absorption and manufactured using polymeric materials. Mathematically, the geometry is obtained using a 3D Greek cross repeated in the 3D space according to the fractal principle. Owing to the intricate final structure, samples are fabricated using an Additive Manufacturing system based on powder bed fusion with a laser beam and infrared light. The study is carried out using two polymeric materials, polyamide and thermoplastic polyurethane, and the mechanical response of the structure is analysed under dynamic compression tests. The tested geometries consisted of samples with a single 3D-CFS cell, various volume fractions and a configuration with multiple cells that emulated a possible layout for linear helmet application. The findings indicate that the 3D-CFS is a promising geometry for eventual implementation into shock absorption applications, specifically in personal protective equipment (PPE) usage.
Development of a convolutional neural network based regional flood frequency analysis model for South-east Australia
Authors: Afrin Nilufa , Ahamed Farhad , Rahman Ataur 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlood is one of the worst natural disasters, which causes significant damage to economy and society. Flood risk assessment helps to reduce flood damage by managing flood risk in flood affected areas. For ungauged catchments, regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) is generally used for design flood estimation. This study develops a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based RFFA technique using data from 201 catchments in south-east Australia. The CNN based RFFA technique is compared with multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), and decision tree (DT) based RFFA models. Based on a split-sample validation using several statistical indices such as relative error, bias and root mean squared error, it is found that the CNN model performs best for annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) in the range of 1 in 5 to 1 in 100, with median relative error values in the range of 29–44%. The DT model shows the best performance for 1 in 2 AEP, with a median relative error of 24%. The CNN model outperforms the currently recommended RFFA technique in Australian Rainfall and Runoff (ARR) guideline. The findings of this study will assist to upgrade RFFA techniques in ARR guideline in near future.
Educationally Tracked Democratic Equalizers: How Citizenship Education Moderates the Effect of a Political Home Environment on Internal Political Efficacy Across Educational Tracks
Authors: Matthieu Joke , Junius Nino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCitizenship education aims to compensate for the lack of a stimulating political home environment. However, not all scholars are convinced that schools are great equalizers, as citizenship education might reinforce rather than reduce socioeconomic inequalities. This paper investigates whether citizenship education compensates, reproduces, or accelerates inequality in students’ internal political efficacy (IPE) and how this relationship differs across educational tracks. IPE is considered a key political attitude that predicts political participation and taps into self-confidence in a political setting. This political attitude is especially interesting considering the stigmatizing effects of educational tracks. We study the effect of citizenship education among senior high school students in Flanders. We examine three kinds of citizenship education: civic learning experiences, an open classroom climate, and active student participation at school. We conduct three-way interactions in multilevel models to study the moderating effect of these types of citizenship education at school on the relationship between a political home environment and IPE across educational tracks. We show compensating effects for the three citizenship education types. However, looking across educational tracks, there is a clearer compensation in the academic track compared to the technical and vocational tracks. Our findings indicate that citizenship education contributes to a democratic society where all citizens feel confident participating in the political arena. Still, technical and vocational tracked students not only receive less citizenship education, but the reduction of socioeconomic inequalities in feelings of IPE when receiving higher amounts is also less articulated than in the academic track.
Altitudinal variation of microplastic abundance in lakeshore sediments from Italian lakes
Authors: Parolini Marco , Perin Elena , De Felice Beatrice , Gazzotti Stefano , Palazzi Adriano , Conti Luca , Conterosito Eleonora , Rosio Emanuela , Bruno Francesco , Gianotti Valentina , Cavallo Roberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroplastic (MP) contamination represents an issue of global concern for both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, but only in recent years, the study of MPs has been focused on freshwaters. Several monitoring surveys have detected the presence of a wide array of MPs differing in size, shape, and polymer composition in rivers and lakes worldwide. Because of their role of sink for plastic particles, the abundance of MPs was investigated in waters, and deep and shoreline sediments from diverse lakes, confirming the ubiquity of this contamination. Although diverse factors, including those concerning anthropogenic activities and physical characteristics of lakes, have been supposed to affect MP abundances, very few studies have directly addressed these links. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore the levels of MP contamination in mountain and subalpine lakes from Northern Italy. Fourteen lakes dislocated at different altitudes and characterized by dissimilar anthropic pressures were visited. Lakeshore sediments were collected close to the drift line to assess MPs contamination. Our results showed the presence of MPs in lakeshore sediments from all the lakes, with a mean (± standard deviation) expressed as MPs/Kg dry sediment accounting to 14.42 ± 13.31 (range 1.57–61.53), while expressed as MPs/m2, it was 176.07 ± 172.83 (range 25.00–666.67). The MP abundance measured for Garda Lake was significantly higher compared to all the other ones (F1,13 = 7.344; P < 0.001). The pattern of contamination was dominated by fibers in all the lakes, but they were the main contributors in mountain lakes. These findings showed that the MP abundance varied according to the altitude of the lakes, with higher levels measured in subalpine lakes located at low altitudes and surrounded by populated areas.
Support for a Single Underlying Dimension of Self-Reported Health in a Sample of Adults with Low Back Pain in the United States
Authors: Hays Ron D. , Rodriguez Anthony , Qureshi Nabeel , Zeng Chengbo , Edelen Maria Orlando 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is increasing interest in measuring “whole person” health and deriving an overall summary score. Underlying physical and mental health dimensions have been found consistently in prior studies of self-reported health, but it is unclear whether a single underlying health factor is supported across health domains. We examine the dimensionality of nine domains from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®)-29 + 2 profile measure, the PROMIS social isolation scale, the Personal Wellbeing Index, and the EQ-5D-5L preference score in a sample of 1256 adults with back pain in the United States: mean age was 55 (range 18–94), 52% female, 74% non-Hispanic White, 61% were married or living with a spouse, and the highest level of education completed for 35% of the sample was a high school degree or general education diploma. The sample reported substantially more pain intensity, pain interference, and worse physical function than the U.S. general population. Product-moment correlations among the measures ranged from 0.25 to 0.83 (median correlation = 0.52). A bifactor model showed that a general health factor accounted for most of the covariation among measures, but physical function, pain interference, and pain intensity loaded slightly more on the physical health group factor than on the general health factor. The study provides some support for combining multiple aspects of self-reported health into an overall indicator of whole-person health.
Osteoporosis management in Australian aged care facilities: a mixed method study
Authors: Laird Catherine , Williams Kylie A. , Benson Helen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Summary
Osteoporosis is a common but sub-optimally managed disease amongst aged care residents. Pharmacists undertaking comprehensive medication reviews is one strategy to improve osteoporosis management. Analysis of pharmacist medication review recommendations has identified common clinical practice issues that can be addressed to optimise osteoporosis management for aged care residents.

Purpose
This study investigates the prevalence of osteoporosis medicine use amongst Australian aged care residents and explores drug-related problems (DRPs) identified during medication reviews and pharmacist recommendations to resolve them.

Methods
Resident demographics, medications, diagnoses, osteoporosis related DRPs, and recommendations to resolve them were extracted from medication review reports. A mixed methods approach was taken to analysis, involving descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis.

Results
Medication review reports relating to 980 residents were collected. Antiresorptive therapies were used by 21.7% of residents, of which 87.2% were prescribed denosumab. Osteoporosis related DRPs represented 14.0% of all DRPs identified by pharmacists. Vitamin D was involved in 55.4% of these DRPs, the remainder concerned antiresorptive therapies (23.4%), medications contributing to osteoporosis (16.3%), and calcium (4.9%). Frequent deviations in practice from aged care clinical guidelines and consensus recommendations concerning vitamin D and calcium were found. DRPs and accompanying recommendations relating to denosumab revealed inadequate monitoring and inadvertent therapy disruptions.

Conclusion
Pharmacist identified DRPs and recommendations revealed common aspects of clinical practice that can be addressed to improve osteoporosis management for aged care residents. A need to raise awareness of aged care-specific consensus recommendations concerning vitamin D and calcium is evident. Facility protocols and procedures must be developed and implemented to ensure safe and effective use of denosumab.
Spatial variability of dust concentration and deposition around an industrial port in South Africa emphasises the complexity of sources and transport
Authors: Vos Heleen C. , Kangueehi Kaukurauee I. , Toesie René , Eckardt Frank D. , Ravenscroft Grant , Fietz Susanne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe port and industrial zone of Saldanha Bay in South Africa accommodates activities related to the transport, processing, and production of commodities such as iron ore, manganese ore, and steel. The visible emission of dust from this area raised concerns for public health and to address this, the municipality has monitored the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration and dust deposition since 2015. Here, this monitoring data served to assess spatial and temporal changes and to evaluate the potential contribution of industrial and meteorological processes to these changes. We observed high temporal variability in both PM2.5 concentration and dust deposition, and high spatial variation in dust depositions. Dust originated from local sources such as industry and traffic, but industrial activities could not explain the observed spatial variability, and concentration and deposition fluxes did not significantly increase over the years despite the extension of industrial activities. Meteorological factors such as rain, wind speed, wind direction, as well as topography exerted an important influence, but could also only partially explain the observed variability in both dust concentration and deposition. Furthermore, the PM2.5 concentration and dust deposition are not significantly correlated, which highlights the challenges in appropriate dust monitoring. It follows that such monitoring efforts, though meeting national standards, require improvement to assess risks accurately. Our study illustrates that in areas with such high complexity of industrial activities, the high variability of dust load and deposition must be considered to evaluate implications for public and environmental health, adherence to guidelines, and mitigation strategies.
Evaluation of Possible Toxic Effects of Boric Acid in Palourde Clam (Ruditapes decussatus) Through Histological Changes and Oxidative Responses
Authors: Ertürk Gürkan Selin , Gürkan Mert , Sarıtunç Volkan , İbiş Ezgi Can , Güneş Berkay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The extensive utilization of boric acid, particularly in industrial and agricultural sectors, also engenders concerns regarding the toxicity of boron and its derivatives. Particularly, the behavior of boric acid at increasing concentrations in aquatic ecosystems remains poorly understood. In light of these concerns, this study aimed to investigate the toxicity of boric acid in bivalves, which occupy a critical position in the food chain. Specimens of Ruditapes decussatus, which had not been previously exposed to any pollutants and were cultivated under controlled conditions, were subjected to three different concentrations of boric acid (0.05 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, and 5 mg/L) in vitro for 96 h. Following the exposure period, the specimens were assessed for histological changes (the mantle, gill, and digestive gland) and specific oxidative parameters (the gill and digestive gland), including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase, and lipid peroxidation (LPO). The research findings indicated that boric acid primarily induced oxidative damage at the applied concentrations and increased antioxidant levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, although no significant histopathological abnormalities were observed in the examined histological sections, subtle changes were noted. This study evaluated the potential adverse effects of boric acid on bivalves, which are crucial components of the aquatic food chain, utilizing histological and specific physiological parameters following its introduction into aquatic environments. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will contribute to the development of new insights and perspectives regarding the extensive use of boric acid.
Unraveling the Endocannabinoid System: Exploring Its Therapeutic Potential in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Jana Ankit , Nath Arnab , Sen Palash , Kundu Swikriti , Alghamdi Badrah S. , Abujamel Turki S. , Saboor Muhammad , Woon-Khiong Chan , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Alam Mohammad Zubair , Ashraf Ghulam Md 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe salient features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompass persistent difficulties in social communication, as well as the presence of restricted and repetitive facets of behavior, hobbies, or pursuits, which are often accompanied with cognitive limitations. Over the past few decades, a sizable number of studies have been conducted to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of ASD. Preclinical rat models have proven to be extremely valuable in simulating and analyzing the roles of a wide range of established environmental and genetic factors. Recent research has also demonstrated the significant involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric diseases, including ASD. In fact, the ECS has the potential to regulate a multitude of metabolic and cellular pathways associated with autism, including the immune system. Moreover, the ECS has emerged as a promising target for intervention with high predictive validity. Particularly noteworthy are resent preclinical studies in rodents, which describe the onset of ASD-like symptoms after various genetic or pharmacological interventions targeting the ECS, providing encouraging evidence for further exploration in this area.
Lopezia guerrerensis (Onagraceae, sect. Lopezia), una nueva especie del estado de Guerrero, México
Authors: Jiménez Ramírez Jaime , Cruz Durán Ramiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLopezia guerrerensis is described as a new species for the flora of the state of Guerrero, Mexico. It is similar to the species of the Lopezia miniata complex, but is distinguished from them by its habit (subshrubs or shrubs to 3.5 m tall), whorled leaves (three per node) with brochidodromous venation and 12–14 (–17) secondary veins per side, flowers with larger lower petals and a longer fertile stamen, and inflorescences in corymbiform racemes, these axillary or grouped together in terminal panicles. For section Lopezia and the tribe Lopeziae, two new characters are added: whorled leaves (three per node) and whorled inflorescences.
Seasonal variation in the activity pattern of red squirrels and their mammalian predators
Authors: Kalb Nadine , Schlindwein Xenia , Gottschalk Thomas K. , Dvorak Jan , Randler Christoph 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCamera traps are a powerful tool to monitor the activity pattern of species over long time periods. Camera data can be used to analyze activity patterns of or temporal niche partitioning among species. Temporal niche partitioning plays an important role for species coexistence and is under constant evolutionary pressure from predator-prey relationships. Our study aimed to investigate temporal shifts in activity patterns of red squirrels and two mammalian predators, red fox and marten (Martes spec.). Previous studies yielded different activity patterns for these species depending on location, season, predator-prey interactions, and food- availability. We used camera traps to monitor the activity of squirrels, red fox and martens throughout a whole year in a mountainous forest in southwestern Germany. We also investigated a possible difference in activity among different color morphs as coloration in mammals is often associated with concealment, for squirrels, however, such an effect could not be demonstrated so far. We found a diurnal activity for squirrels in all seasons with a bimodal activity pattern during spring, trimodal in summer and unimodal in fall and winter. Activity patterns did not differ between black and red color morphs. The activity of the squirrels showed only low to moderate overlaps with fox and marten, but there was still slight variation among seasons. Activity overlaps were higher in spring and summer, which coincides with breeding season. Our results suggest that predators might adjust their activity during squirrel breeding season to increase the chance of preying on their offspring. Squirrels in turn could benefit by minimizing the activity overlap during wintertime when they are highly visible to predators as trees are leaf-free or even snow might enhance the contrast between them and their background. Lastly, our results indicate that temporal niche portioning among red squirrel, red fox and martens might be rather fine scaled.
Use of Simulation to Teach Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents How to Care for Transgender & Gender Diverse Patients
Authors: Neumann Olivia , Higgins Erin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other gender diverse (LGBTQ+) individuals face barriers in access to healthcare and face poorer healthcare outcomes than the cisgender population. Gynecologists provide routine health maintenance and primary care for LGBTQ + patients. Lack of physician knowledge of the unique healthcare considerations of LGBTQ+ patients heightens barriers to care. Healthcare simulation can serve to provide Ob/Gyn residents with practice implementing and strengthening their communication skills and cultural competence with LGBTQ+ patients. There are various simulation modalities, including standardized patients, virtual reality, and high-fidelity manikins, which can be implemented for LGBTQ+ simulation. This article will review implementation of simulation-based training, creating a safe learning environment, and strategies for debriefing and feedback.

Recent Findings
Various governing bodies of medical education list education on LGBTQ+ care within key learning objectives for medical students and obstetric and gynecologic (Ob/Gyn) residents. However, program directors and residents have identified LGBTQ+ healthcare as a gap in their education, often citing lack of curriculum as an educational barrier. Among Ob/Gyn residents who have participated in healthcare simulation on LGBTQ+ care, there has been a qualitative improvement in comfort with and knowledge of medical care (Ruud et al. in J Midwifery Womens Health 2021;66(6):778–86), (Kreines et al. in J Assist Reprod Genet 2022;39(12):2755–66).

Summary
Healthcare simulation should be implemented within medical training to improve the care and medical outcomes of LGBTQ+ patients. While some qualitative studies have shown resident self-reported improvement after healthcare simulation with LGBTQ+ patients, longitudinal studies need to be done to assess long-term impact. Additionally, educational grants for simulation equipment and curricula can improve access to healthcare simulation.
CO2 conversion to synthetic fuels using flow cell reactor over Cu and Ag based cathodes
Authors: Zignani Sabrina C. , Aricò Antonino S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a result of electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2), value-added chemicals like as synthetic fuels and chemical feedstocks can be produced. In the current state of the art, copper-based materials are most widely used being the most effective catalysts for this reaction. It is still necessary to improve the reaction rate and product selectivity of CuOx for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The main objective of this work was synthesized and evaluate the copper oxide electrocatalyst combined with silver (CuO 70% Ag 30%) for the conversion of carbon dioxide into synthetic fuels. The catalysts have been prepared by the oxalate method and assessed in a flow cell system. The results of electrochemical experiments were carried out at room temperature and at different potentials (-1.05 V–0.75 V vs. RHE in presence of 0.1 M KHCO3) and gas and liquid chromatographic analysis are summarized. The CuOx-based electrodes demonstrated the selective of ~ 25% at -0.55 V for formic acid (HCOOH) and over CuO -Ag and selective of ethylene at ~ 20% over CuOx at -1.05 V. Other products were formed as ethylene, ethanol, and propanol (C2H4, EtOH, PrOH) at more positive potentials. On the other hand, carbon monoxide, acetate, ethylene glycol, propinaldehyde, glycoaldehyde and glyoxal (CO, CH3COO, C2H6O2, C3H6O, C2H4O2, C2H2O2) have been formed and detected. Based on the results of these studies, it appears that the formation of synthetic fuels from CO2 at room temperature in alkaline environment can be very promising.