bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐ and 4‐Hydroxy‐6‐methylcyclohexenones by PdII‐Catalyzed Oxidation and Lipase‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis
Authors: Meister Anne C. , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA short route for the syntheses of methyl‐substituted hydroxycyclohexenones, which are building blocks for various natural products, is presented. Both oxygen atoms were introduced as acetates by a palladium(II)‐catalyzed 1,4‐addition to a 1,3‐diene. The distinction between the two acetoxy groups was achieved by regioselective monohydrolysis with lipase from Candida rugosa, which gave 1‐acetoxy‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylcyclohexene and its 6‐methyl regioisomer as a separable mixture. The target compounds 4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylcyclohex‐2‐enone and 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylcyclohex‐2‐enone could then be obtained as diastereomeric mixtures in good overall yields and with moderate enantiomeric excesses (31–67 %).
Plankton Succession in the Temporary Lake Koronia after Intermittent Dry‐Out
Authors: Michaloudi Evangelia , Moustaka‐Gouni Maria , Pantelidakis Kimon , Katsiapi Matina , Genitsaris Savvas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study examines the plankton succession in a polluted temporary lake after intermittent dry‐out. The initial stage after flooding was heterotrophic (zooplankton/phytoplankton carbon biomass ratio > 1). Phytoplankton species richness increased exponentially within a few months after inundation. The chlorophyte Koliella cf. longiseta was the pioneer colonist which was replaced by Oocystis sp. reaching 300 340 ind mL–1. The initial conditions favored rotifer and cladoceran colonists, not previously recorded, to successfully establish populations. The species that finally became dominant hatched from the lake's sedimentary egg bank with Daphnia magna being prominent. Nevertheless, the zooplankton community was unable to control the high biomass of chlorophytes (zooplankton/phytoplankton carbon biomass ratio < 0.4). Plankton succession in this temporary lake was mostly determined by the past phytoplankton – zooplankton species pool rather than by the established new colonists. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study on in vitro release and cell response to alendronate sodium‐loaded ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene loaded with alendronate sodium wear particles to treat the particles‐induced osteolysis
Authors: Qu Shuxin , Bai Yinlong , Liu Xiaomin , Fu Rong , Duan Ke , Weng Jie 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate in vitro release and cell response to wear particles of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene loaded with alendronate sodium (UHMWPE‐ALN), a potent bone resorption inhibitor. Wear particles of UHMWPE‐ALN with different ALN contents (0.5 wt % or 1.0 wt %) and size ranges (<45 μm or 45–75 μm) were cocultured with macrophages (RAW264.7) and osteoblasts (MC3T3‐E1), respectively. The in vitro ALN release was divided into three stages: an initial burst release, subsequent rapid release, and final slow release. The particle size and ALN content of UHMWPE‐ALN wear particles affected the in vitro release mainly during initial burst and rapid release. Compared with the control cells, UHMWPE‐ALN wear particles stimulated a significant elevation of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) release from macrophages but had no obvious effect on interleukin‐6 release. However, this stimulation of TNF‐α release could be reduced by ALN released from UHMWPE‐ALN wear particles. The wear particle size had stronger effect of on the macrophages compared with the ALN concentration. After coculture with UHMWPE‐ALN wear particles, osteoblast proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activities increased moderately with the increase in particle sizes and ALN concentrations. These results suggest that incorporation of ALN in UHMWPE‐ALN may be an effective approach to prevent or reduce particles‐induced osteolysis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
HIV‐1 protein induced modulation of primary human osteoblast differentiation and function via a Wnt/β‐catenin‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Butler Joseph S. , Dunning Eilis C. , Murray David W. , Doran Peter P. , O'Byrne John M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHIV infection is associated with metabolic bone disease resulting in bone demineralization and reduced bone mass. The molecular mechanisms driving this disease process have yet to be elucidated. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling plays a key role in bone development and remodeling. We attempted to determine the effects of the HIV‐1 protein, gp120, on Wnt/β‐catenin signaling at an intracellular and transcriptional level in primary human osteoblasts (HOBs). This work, inclusive of experimental controls, was part of a greater project assessing the effects of a variety of different agents on Wnt/β‐catenin signaling (BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010;11:210).We examined the phenotypic effects of silencing and overexpressing the Wnt antagonist, Dickkopf‐1 (Dkk1) in HOBs treated with gp120. HOBs exposed to gp120 displayed a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) activity and cell proliferation and increased cellular apoptosis over a 48 h time course. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated a significant reduction in intracytosolic and intranuclear β‐catenin in response to HIV‐1 protein exposure. These changes were associated with a reduction of TCF/LEF‐mediated transcription, the transcriptional outcome of canonical Wnt β‐catenin signaling. Silencing Dkk1 expression in HOBs exposed to gp120 resulted in increased ALP activity and cell proliferation, and decreased cellular apoptosis relative to scrambled control. Dkk1 overexpression exacerbated the inhibitory effect of gp120 on HOB function, with decreases in ALP activity and cell proliferation and increased cellular apoptosis relative to vector control. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling plays a key regulatory role in HIV‐associated bone loss, with Dkk1, aputative central mediator in this degenerative process. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 218–226, 2013
Long‐term outcomes following foscan®‐PDT of basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Betz Christian S. , Rauschning Winrich , Stranadko Evgueni Ph. , Riabov Mikhail V. , Volgin Valery N. , Albrecht Volker , Nifantiev Nikolay E. , Hopper Colin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIn a previous publication we showed that mTHPC‐PDT (Foscan®‐PDT) is an effective treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) in “difficult to treat” locations and presented optimized treatment parameters to reduce costs and side effects. Now we present long‐term results of the same study population.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFollowing PDT of a total of 460 BCCs in 117 subjects, the patients/lesions were followed‐up for a mean duration of 42 (range: 2–72) months. Two patients dropped out of follow‐up; 13 patients died of unrelated causes. Recurrences were treated either by repeated PDT or other established methods.ResultsThe sustained clearance rate was 93.7% and the overall treatment success rate was 90.7%. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed an estimated recurrence free fraction of patients at 5 years of 95.1%, 92.4%, 85.1%, and 74.0% for the four different photosensitizer dose groups (0.06–0.15, 0.05, 0.04, and 0.03 mg/kg). High‐risk lesions (recurrences, thickness >3 mm) recurred more often than low‐risk ones, and recurrences mostly (>50%) occurred during the first year of follow‐up.ConclusionLong‐term outcomes of high‐dose (0.06–0.15 mg/kg) and reduced‐dose (0.05 mg/kg) Foscan®‐PDT in “difficult to treat” BCCs compare favorably with other methods, even in high‐risk lesions (recurrent and/or thick lesions). A recommended combination of treatment parameters for low‐dose therapy seems to be: 0.05 mg/kg Foscan®, 24 hours drug–light interval (DLI), fluence ≥40 J/cm2. Prospective randomized studies are needed to look into low‐dose mTHPC‐PDT of BCCs in more detail and to directly compare it with other treatments. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 533–540, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upregulation of the long non‐coding rna hotair promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis and poor prognosis
Authors: Chen Fang‐Jun , Sun Ming , Li Su‐Qing , Wu Qing‐Quan , Ji Lv , Liu Zhi‐Li , Zhou Guo‐Zhi , Cao Gang , Jin Lei , Xie Hai‐Wei , Wang Chun‐Mei , Lv Jin , De Wei , Wu Ming , Cao Xiu‐Feng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRecent studies of the individual functionalities of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development and progression of cancer have suggested that HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is capable of reprogramming chromatin organization and promoting cancer cell metastasis. In order to ascertain the expression pattern of the lncRNA HOTAIR and assess its biological role in the development and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), HOTAIR expression in ESCC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues were collected from 78 patients and measured by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). HOTAIR correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis was also analyzed. Suppression of HOTAIR using siRNA treatment was performed in order to explore its role in tumor progression. Notably elevated HOTAIR expression levels were observed in cancerous tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues (96%, P < 0.01), showing a high correlation with cancer metastasis (P < 0.01), elevated TNM (2009) stage classification (P < 0.01), and lowered overall survival rates (P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed that HOTAIR expression (P = 0.003) is also an independent prognostic factor for comparison of TNM stage (P = 0.024) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.010). Furthermore, in vitro assays of the ESCC cell line KYSE30 demonstrated that knockdown of HOTAIR reduced cell invasiveness and migration while increasing the response of cells to apoptosis. Thus, HOTAIR is a novel molecule involved in both ESCC progression and prognosis. Full elucidation of HOTAIR functionality relevant to ESCC may open avenues for the use of lncRNAs in identification of novel drug targets and therapies for ESCC and other prevalent cancers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The convolution and multiplication of one‐dimensional associated homogeneous distributions
Authors: Franssens Ghislain R. 
Published: July 2012

The set of associated homogeneous distributions (AHDs) with support in R is an important subset of the tempered distributions because it contains the majority of the (one‐dimensional) distributions typically encountered in physics applications (including the δ distribution). In a previous work of the author, a convolution and multiplication product for AHDs on R was defined and fully investigated. The aim of this paper is to give an easy introduction to these new distributional products.The constructed algebras are internal to Schwartz’ theory of distributions and, when one restricts to AHDs, provide a simple alternative for any of the larger generalized function algebras, currently used in non‐linear models. Our approach belongs to the same class as certain methods of renormalization, used in quantum field theory, and are known in the distributional literature as multi‐valued methods. Products of AHDs on R, based on this definition, are generally multi‐valued only at critical degrees of homogeneity. Unlike other definitions proposed in this class, the multi‐valuedness of our products is canonical in the sense that it involves at most one arbitrary constant. A selection of results of (one‐dimensional) distributional convolution and multiplication products are given, with some of them justifying certain distributional products used in quantum field theory. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 64‐channel 3T array coil for accelerated brain MRI
Authors: Keil Boris , Blau James N. , Biber Stephan , Hoecht Philipp , Tountcheva Veneta , Setsompop Kawin , Triantafyllou Christina , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA 64‐channel brain array coil was developed and compared to a 32‐channel array constructed with the same coil former geometry to precisely isolate the benefit of the 2‐fold increase in array coil elements. The constructed coils were developed for a standard clinical 3T MRI scanner and used a contoured head‐shaped curved former around the occipital pole and tapered in at the neck to both improve sensitivity and patient comfort. Additionally, the design is a compact, split‐former design intended for robust daily use. Signal‐to‐noise ratio and noise amplification (G‐factor) for parallel imaging were quantitatively evaluated in human imaging and compared to a size and shape‐matched 32‐channel array coil. For unaccelerated imaging, the 64‐channel array provided similar signal‐to‐noise ratio in the brain center to the 32‐channel array and 1.3‐fold more signal‐to‐noise ratio in the brain cortex. Reduced noise amplification during highly parallel imaging of the 64‐channel array provided the ability to accelerate at approximately one unit higher at a given noise amplification compared to the sized‐matched 32‐channel array. For example, with a 4‐fold acceleration rate, the central brain and cortical signal‐to‐noise ratio of the 64‐channel array was 1.2‐ and 1.4‐fold higher, respectively, compared to the 32‐channel array. The characteristics of the coil are demonstrated in accelerated brain imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyperpolarized singlet NMR on a small animal imaging system
Authors: Laustsen Christoffer , Pileio Giuseppe , Tayler Michael C. D. , Brown Lynda J. , Brown Richard C. D. , Levitt Malcolm H. , Ardenkjaer‐Larsen Jan H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNuclear spin hyperpolarization makes a significant advance toward overcoming the sensitivity limitations of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, particularly in the case of low‐gamma nuclei. The sensitivity may be improved further by storing the hyperpolarization in slowly relaxing singlet populations of spin‐1/2 pairs. Here, we report hyperpolarized 13C spin order transferred into and retrieved from singlet spin order using a small animal magnetic resonance imaging scanner. For spins in sites with very similar chemical shifts, singlet spin order is sustained in high magnetic field without requiring strong radiofrequency irradiation. The demonstration of robust singlet‐to‐magnetization conversion, and vice versa, on a small animal scanner, is promising for future in vivo and clinical deployments. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity analysis applied to finite element method model for coupled multiphase system
Authors: Ngaradoumbe Nanhorngué R. , Pesavento F. , Schrefler B.A. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYToday multiphysics problems applied to various fields of engineering have become increasingly important. Among these, in the areas of civil, environmental and nuclear engineering, the problems related to the behaviour of porous media under extreme conditions in terms of temperature and/or pressure are particularly relevant. The mathematical models used to solve these problems have an increasing complexity leading to increase of computing times. This problem can be solved by using more effective numerical algorithms, or by trying to reduce the complexity of these models. This can be achieved by using a sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of model parameters on the solution. In this paper, the sensitivity analysis of a mathematical/numerical model for the analysis of concrete as multiphase porous medium exposed to high temperatures is presented. This may lead to a reduction of the number of the model parameters, indicating what parameters should be determined in an accurate way and what can be neglected or found directly from the literature. Moreover, the identification parameters influence may allow to proceeding to a simplification of the mathematical model (i.e. model reduction). The technique adopted in this paper to performing the sensitivity analysis is based on the automatic differentiation (AD), which allowed to develop an efficient tool for the computation of the sensitivity coefficients. The results of the application of AD technique have been compared with the results of the more standard finite difference method, showing the superiority of the AD in terms of numerical accuracy and execution times. From the results of the sensitivity analysis, it follows that a drastic simplification of the model for thermo‐chemo‐hygro‐mechanical behaviour of concrete at high temperature, is not possible. Therefore, it is necessary to use different model reduction techniques in order to obtain a simplified version of the model that can be used at industrial level. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced order mesh optimisation using proper orthogonal decomposition and a modified cuckoo search
Authors: Walton S. , Hassan O. , Morgan K. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYA new mesh optimisation scheme, reduced order mesh optimisation, is introduced. The technique uses proper orthogonal decomposition to reduce the number of dimensions in a mesh optimisation problem. This reduction in dimensionality allows the expression of the optimisation problem globally rather than the more traditional local mesh optimisation or smoothing algorithms. To perform the optimisation, the recently developed gradient‐free technique modified cuckoo search is applied. The effectiveness of the algorithm is shown by considering the problem of optimising meshes for use in co‐volume techniques. Co‐volume techniques require the existence of two mutually orthogonal meshes; this is achieved by utilising the Delaunay–Voronoi dual. A combination of considering the problem globally and the use of a gradient‐free technique results in a scheme that significantly outperforms previous methods in solving this particular problem. Although the examples presented in this paper are specific to optimising dual meshes, the technique is general and can be simply modified to any mesh optimisation problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) in unselected population at first and second trimester ultrasonography
Authors: Rembouskos G. , Passamonti U. , De Robertis V. , Tempesta A. , Campobasso G. , Volpe G. , Gentile M. , Volpe P. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of examining aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) at first and second trimester gestation, its prevalence and associations in an unselected population.MethodsRight subclavian artery (RSA) was prospectively evaluated in 6617 routine patients. When ARSA was detected, fetal echocardiography was offered and fetal karyotyping was discussed. If invasive testing was performed with normal karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization for 22q11.2 microdeletion and additionally, in case of nuchal translucency (NT) measurement above the 99th centile, oligo array‐based comparative genomic hybridization, were offered. In all aneuploidies, NT and first trimester additional ultrasonographic (US) markers assessment (nasal bone, tricuspid valve, ductus venosus) were recorded.ResultsRSA assessment was feasible in 85.3% and 98% of first and second trimester examinations, respectively (overall feasibility 94%). There were detected 89 ARSA (1.42% of the feasible cases), of which 66 in the first trimester. More than 20% were associated to other abnormalities: 10 aneuploidies; 2 microdeletions (15q11.2 and 22q11.2); in the euploid fetuses, 8 associated abnormalities were observed, 4 of which were cardiac defects. In the case of 22q11.2 microdeletion, ARSA was associated only with increased NT.ConclusionPrenatal routine US assessment of the RSA is feasible by highly experienced operators in first trimester screening. There is an important association of ARSA detected in unselected population with fetal abnormalities, including aneuploidies, cardiac defects and genetic anomalies. In trisomy 21 fetuses, ARSA can be the only first trimester US marker or, when associated to increased NT, it can represent the only ‘additional’ marker. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of polyvinyl chloride and aluminum trichloride on structure and property of polyaniline composite films by electron beam deposition
Authors: Liu Zhubo , Rogachev A.A. , Zhou Bing , Yarmolenko M.A. , Ragachev A.V. , Gorbachev D.L. , Jiang Xiaohong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) composite films were prepared on silicon and quartz glass substrates by electron beam deposition (EBD), using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), aluminum trichloride (AlCl3), and mixture of PVC and AlCl3 as dopants. Molecular structure, morphology, optical, and electrical properties of PANI composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, four‐probe method, and atomic force microscope. The results show that PANI film prepared by EBD has a similar molecular structure with initial powder. PVC is dehydrochlorinated under electron beam irradiation, but HCl fails to protonate the quinoid site of PANI during films deposition. AlCl3 doped in PANI films induces the decrease of surface resistance and the formation of a two‐layered morphological structure in composite film. In addition, AlCl3 enhances the decomposition of PVC and increases the surface resistance of (AlCl3, PVC)‐doped PANI composite film. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Human papillomavirus and Epstein Barr virus in prostate cancer: Koilocytes indicate potential oncogenic influences of human papillomavirus in prostate cancer
Authors: Whitaker Noel J. , Glenn Wendy K. , Sahrudin Arisha , Orde Matthew M. , Delprado Warick , Lawson James S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this study is to determine if high risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are both present in the same prostate cancer specimens.METHODSWe used a range of analytical techniques including in situ polymerase chain reaction (IS‐PCR) and standard liquid PCR followed by sequencing of the product to seek to identify HPV and EBV in normal, benign, and malignant prostate tissues.RESULTSBoth HPV type 18 and EBV gene sequences were identified in a high and approximately equal proportion of normal, benign, and prostate cancer specimens. These sequences were located in the nuclei of prostate epithelial cells. HPV associated koilocytes were identified in 24% of prostate cancer specimens.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of both HPV and EBV gene sequences in most of the same normal, benign, and malignant prostate specimens is particularly noteworthy because of recent experimental evidence demonstrating that EBV and HPV can collaborate to increase proliferation of cultured cervical cells.Because the presence of EBV and HPV in normal, benign, and malignant prostate tissues appears to be ubiquitous, it is possible that they are harmless. On the other hand HPV type 18 in particular, has high oncogenic potential and may be associated with some prostate cancers. The identification of HPV associated koilocytes in prostate cancer specimens is an indication of HPV infection and potential oncogenic influences of human papillomavirus in prostate cancer. Prostate 73: 236–241, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observations on the shortest independent loop set algorithm
Authors: Huang Jinjing , Howley Enda , Duggan Jim 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe shortest independent loop set (SILS) algorithm is a widely adopted loop selection method in eigenvalue elasticity analysis to identify dominant loops. However, we find that, in an individual‐based model, the SILS cannot identify the maximal independent feedback loops, which further causes the failure of the loop analysis method. This paper exemplifies this issue with an entire family of this model, and proposes research problems for further study. Copyright © 2012 System Dynamics Society.