bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new classification for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus
Authors: Shi Jie , Lai Eric C. H. , Li Nan , Guo Wei‐Xing , Xue Jie , Lau Wan‐Yee , Wu Meng‐Chao , Cheng Shu‐Qun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground/purposeWe aimed to correlate the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with macroscopic portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) who underwent partial hepatectomy with or without portal thrombectomy with our PVTT classification. Currently, different staging systems for HCC are widely used in clinical practice. However, they lack the refinement in giving prognosis and guiding surgical treatment once macroscopic PVTT is present.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out, in a single tertiary center, from January 2001 to December 2004 on 441 patients who underwent partial hepatectomy with or without portal thrombectomy for HCC with macroscopic PVTT. Overall survival was examined to determine whether it was correlated with our PVTT classification, and with the TNM staging, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) scoring system, and the Japan Integrated Staging (JIS) scoring system.ResultsWith our PVTT classification, the numbers (percentages) of patients with types I, II, III, and IV PVTT were 144 (32.7%), 189 (42.9%), 86 (19.5%), and 22 (5.0%), respectively. The corresponding 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year overall survival rates for types I to IV PVTT were 54.8, 33.9, and 26.7%; 36.4, 24.9, and 16.9%; 25.9, 12.9, and 3.7%; and 11.1, 0, and 0%, respectively (log‐rank of the survival curvesp < 0.0001). Using the TNM system, the majority of patients were classified as stage III (n = 379 or 85.9%). Similarly, the majority of patients (n = 388 or 88.0%) were classified as having CLIP scores of 2 (n = 143, or 32.4%), 3 (n = 171, or 38.8%), and 4 (n = 74, or 16.8%). The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year overall survivals for these 3 CLIP scores were very similar. Using the JIS score, the majority of patients (n = 372 or 84.4%) were classified with a JIS score of 2. The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year overall survivals of patients with a JIS score of 2 were worse than those of the patients with a JIS score of 1 (this was expected) as well as being worse than those with a JIS score of 3 (this was unexpected). Thus, the latter 3 systems of classification were not refined enough, and they were inadequate for stratifying HCC with macroscopic PVTT treated with partial hepatectomy with or without thrombectomy.ConclusionsIn patients with HCC with macroscopic PVTT treated by partial hepatectomy with or without thrombectomy, our PVTT classification better stratified and predicted prognosis than the TNM staging, CLIP scoring system, and JIS scoring system, which were unrefined and inadequate for this group of patients.
Experiences of Brands and National Identity
Authors: Bulmer Sandy , Buchanan-Oliver Margo 
Published: August 2010

Other disciplines know that brands affect national identity, but marketing has barely examined this relationship. We explore the conceptualisation of brands as symbolic and experiential resources from which consumers construct identity narratives. National identity is justified as a construct relevant to contemporary consumers and brands; more than shared culture, national identity encompasses feelings of belonging. We investigate consumer perspectives of how experiences of brands affect national identity. Life history narratives and friendship pair interviews were used to address how national identity is experienced in brands, and which and why brands impact national identity. Findings demonstrate the contribution of brands to consumer feelings of belonging, and of being part of a national community. Common brand consumption practices and shared appreciation for important stories embedded in brand communications assist in linking individuals with the same national identity. This research contributes to understanding brands, especially how consumers use and derive value from them. National identity is a particular social imaginary identity and is a creditable, relevant contemporary form of identity which is essential for maintaining self-respect, belonging and a sense of security. Despite the fact that there is little mention of nations or national identity in marketing literature, it is striking to note that advertising is regarded as playing a central role in conceptualising the nation. Given that brands are typically the sponsors of such advertisements and that brands are partially consumed and experienced via their advertisements we ask, what is the relationship between brands and national identity? The objectives of this qualitative study in New Zealand were to determine how national identity is experienced in brands and to identify which brands make people feel the way they do about their own national identity in the New Zealand context. We found that frequently advertised local and multinational brands were identified as brands that make people feel the way they do about their own national identity. Heritage brands, that do little advertising or whose marketing communications could not be recalled, also contributed strongly to national identity. The common factor amongst all these brands was the provision of stories that were relevant to the brand and that resonated with participants. From a practitioner perspective our study provides evidence of a link between brands and national identity and points to the importance of brand owners understanding how their brand stories affect consumer usage and purchase of brands, and impact on brand value.
I like those glasses on you, but not in the mirror: Fluency, preference, and virtual mirrors
Authors: Cho Hyejeung , Schwarz Norbert 
Published: August 2010

AbstractConsumers like the same accessories (eye glasses and earrings) more, and are more likely to recommend a purchase, when the accessories are displayed on a familiar other's regular image rather than mirror image. However, image format does not affect consumers' judgments when the other person is unfamiliar. These findings reflect differences in consumers' natural exposure history: we see others more often face‐to‐face than in the mirror, giving their regular image a fluency advantage; this advantage does not apply to unfamiliar others, whose image is disfluent in either presentation format. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
Palatability,in situandin vitronutritive value of dried sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)
Authors: KHALILVANDI-BEHROOZYAR H. , DEHGHAN-BANADAKY M. , REZAYAZDI K. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe current study was conducted to determine chemical composition, nutrient content and availability, metabolizable energy (ME) content and nutritive value of sainfoin hay for ruminants. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used forin situandin vivoexperiments, to determine rumen degradability and digestibility of sainfoin hay. Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients was determined with feeding of sainfoin hay as the sole diet to achieve 10% more than maintenance energy requirements. Six Zandi ewes were used in the palatability experiment. Means for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and condensed tannins (CTs) of sainfoin hay were: 940·4 g/kg and 93·43, 12·13, 47·87, 43·33 and 2·13 g/kg DM, respectively.In situeffective degradability of CP and DM were 0·38 and 0·54 g/g with a ruminal outflow rate of 0·05/h, respectively. OM apparent digestibility was in the range of 0·592–0·689, respectively, for Tilley & Terry and total faecal collection assays. ME content of sainfoin hay, according to different methods (gas production,in vitroandin vivodetermined digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD)) was in the range 6·87–10·11 MJ/kg DM. Metabolizable protein (MP) content was 483·4 g/kg CP. Sainfoin was more palatable than alfalfa for sheep. It was concluded that sainfoin has a potential use in ruminant rations, especially if environmental conditions are not suitable for alfalfa production.
Insight into helicase mechanism and function revealed through single-molecule approaches
Authors: Yodh Jaya G. , Schlierf Michael , Ha Taekjip 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHelicases are a class of nucleic acid (NA) motors that catalyze NTP-dependent unwinding of NA duplexes into single strands, a reaction essential to all areas of NA metabolism. In the last decade, single-molecule (sm) technology has proven to be highly useful in revealing mechanistic insight into helicase activity that is not always detectable via ensemble assays. A combination of methods based on fluorescence, optical and magnetic tweezers, and flow-induced DNA stretching has enabled the study of helicase conformational dynamics, force generation, step size, pausing, reversal and repetitive behaviors during translocation and unwinding by helicases working alone and as part of multiprotein complexes. The contributions of these sm investigations to our understanding of helicase mechanism and function will be discussed.
Nonlinear Schrödinger equations with strongly singular potentials
Authors: Bellazzini Jacopo , Bonanno Claudio 
Published: August 2010

We look for standing waves for nonlinear Schrödinger equationswith cylindrically symmetric potentials g vanishing at infinity and non-increasing, and a C1 nonlinear term satisfying weak assumptions. In particular, we show the existence of standing waves with non-vanishing angular momentum with prescribed L2 norm. The solutions are obtained via a minimization argument, and the proof is given for an abstract functional which presents a lack of compactness. As a specific case, we prove the existence of standing waves with non-vanishing angular momentum for the nonlinear hydrogen atom equation.
Executive dysfunction in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: A study of action planning
Authors: ROY ARNAUD , ROULIN JEAN-LUC , CHARBONNIER VALERIE , ALLAIN PHILIPPE , FASOTTI LUCIANO , BARBAROT SEBASTIEN , STALDER JEAN-FRANCOIS , TERRIEN ANNE , LE GALL DIDIER 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this study, we tested the hypothesis that action planning is impaired in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Thirty-six children with NF1 were pair-matched to 36 healthy controls (HC) on age (range, 7–12 years), sex, and parental education level, and both groups were administered three action-planning tasks. To examine the relation of task performance to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the NF1 group was divided into subsets of children who met or did not meet criteria for ADHD. Children with NF1 performed less well than HC on all planning tasks, and differences remained when controlling for IQ or a measure of visuospatial skill. Both the NF1 with ADHD subset and NF1 without ADHD subset performed more poorly than HC on two of the tasks, whereas only the NF1 with ADHD subset performed worse than HC on the third planning task. The results underscore the importance of evaluating executive function in children with NF1 and suggest that deficits in this domain may be only partially related to ADHD. Planning deficits in children with NF1 may be part of their cognitive phenotype. Identifying these deficits is relevant in determining factors contributing to learning problems and in developing appropriate interventions. (JINS, 2010,16, 1056–1063.)
Situationswahrnehmung und Deutung in der Interaktion zwischen Pflegenden und Patienten – Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie
Authors: Sieger Margot , Ertl-Schmuck Roswitha , Harking Martina 
Published: August 2010

In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die pflegerischen Interaktionen mit querschnittgelähmten Menschen untersucht – eine Klientel, die exemplarisch für das Streben nach Selbstbestimmung und Autonomie chronisch Kranker in allen Lebensbereichen steht. Im Zentrum des hier zur Diskussion stehenden Projekts, mit dem eine Lücke in der pflegerischen Interaktionsforschung gefüllt werden soll, steht die Interaktion zwischen Pflegenden und Patienten. Der Fokus liegt darauf, wie die zu pflegenden Menschen ihre momentane Situation erleben und deuten. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte in zwei Kliniken und basierte auf problemzentrierten Interviews mit Pflegenden und Patienten sowie teilnehmenden Beobachtungen während der Pflegesituation Mobilisation zu drei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten. Die Auswertung der 26 Fälle erfolgte als fallrekonstruierendes, hermeneutisches Verfahren. Das empirische Material aus den Beobachtungssituationen und Interviews mit den Patienten und Pflegenden wurde sequenziell darauf hin untersucht, welche Themen Patienten während des Pflegeverlaufs beschäftigen und wie diese von den Pflegenden im Interaktionsprozess wahrgenommen und gedeutet werden. In mehreren Schritten der Analyse wurden Kategorien aus dem Material hergeleitet, sinngemäße Kategorien vernetzt und zu Schlüsselkategorien erklärt. Darüber ließen sich Kernthemen ermitteln, die die Patienten während des Pflegeverlaufs beschäftigen. In einem weiteren Schritt erfolgte eine Perspektivverschränkung. Die in der Verschränkung der beiden Perspektiven induktiv herausgearbeiteten Kernthemen wurden abschließend in einer Fallbeschreibung dokumentiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine aktive kommunikative Teilhabe des Patienten am Pflegeprozess für den Patienten von zentraler Bedeutung ist.
Active Source Seismic Experiment Peers Under Soufrière Hills Volcano
Authors: Voight Barry , Sparks R. S. J. , Shalev E. , Malin P. , Kenedi C. , Minshull T. A. , Paulatto M. , Mattioli G. , Hidayat D. , Widiwijayanti C. , Hammond J. 
Published: August 2010

Characterizing internal structures of active volcanoes remains an enigmatic issue in geosciences. Yet studies of such structures can greatly improve hazard assessments, helping scientists to better monitor seismic signatures, geodetic deformation, and gas emissions, data that can be used to improve models and forecasts of future eruptions.Several passive seismic tomography experiments—which use travel times of seismic waves from natural earthquakes to image underground structures—have been conducted at active volcanoes (Hawaii's Kilauea, Washington's Mount St. Helens, Italy's Etna, and Japan's Unzen), but an inhomogeneous distribution of earthquakes compromises resolution. Further, if volcanic earthquakes are dominantly shallow at a given location, passive methods are limited to studying only shallow features. Thus, active source experiments—where seismic waves from the explosion of deliberately set charges are used to image below the surface—hold great potential to illuminate structures not readily seen through passive measures.
Improving Consistency in Laser Ablation Geochronology; Workshop on Data Handling in LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Th‐Pb Geochronology; San Francisco, California, 12–13 December 2009
Authors: Horstwood Matt , Gehrels George , Bowring James 
Published: August 2010

The use of uranium‐thorium‐lead (U‐Th‐Pb) laser ablation—inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) geochronology involves rapid analysis of U‐ and Th‐rich accessory minerals. It routinely achieves 1–2% precision for U‐Th‐Pb dates constituting detrital mineral age spectra and for dating igneous and metamorphic events. The speed and low setup and analysis cost of LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Th‐Pb geochronology has led to a proliferation of active laboratories. Tens of thousands of analyses are produced per month, but there is little agreement on how to transform these data into accurate U‐Th‐Pb dates. Recent interlaboratory blind comparisons of zircon samples indicate that resolvable biases exist among laboratories and the sources of bias are not fully understood. Common protocols of data reduction and reporting are essential for scientists to be able to compare and interpret these data accurately.Members of the international community met prior to the 2009 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco to address these issues. Funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), this collaboration between the Working Group on LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Th‐Pb Geochronology of the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG) and the EARTHTIME and EarthChem communities was attended by 34 scientists from nine countries and multiple geochronological specialties. Attendees sought to compare and contrast the wide array of data reduction software currently used, agree on a common data reduction strategy and reporting protocol, and discuss funding agency‐driven initiatives to create community databases for the wealth of data produced.
AGU Statement: Investigation of Scientists and Officials in L'Aquila, Italy, Is Unfounded
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: August 2010

Seven Italian scientists and government officials are under investigation on charges of manslaughter for failure to warn the city of L'Aquila, Italy, before an earthquake hit last year, killing hundreds. The six seismologists and one government official under investigation, who are employees of the National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) and the Civil Protection Department, took part in a meeting of the Major Risks Committee on 31 March 2009. At the meeting, the committee told L'Aquila city officials that “just because a small series of quakes has been observed [in L'Aquila] there is no reason to suggest that the sequence of low‐magnitude tremors are a precursor to a major event,” which was deemed “improbable, although not impossible.” However, on 6 April 2009, the city was struck by a Mw 6.3 earthquake that killed 308 people.The criminal charges against these scientists and officials are unfounded. Despite decades of scientific research in Italy and in the rest of the world, it is not yet possible to accurately and consistently predict the timing, location, and magnitude of earthquakes before they occur. It is thus incorrect to assume that the L'Aquila earthquake should have been predicted. The charges may also harm international efforts to understand natural disasters and mitigate associated risk, because risk of litigation will discourage scientists and officials from advising their government or even working in the field of seismology and seismic risk assessment.
Probing Subglacial Environments Under the Whillans Ice Stream
Authors: Priscu J. C. , Powell R. D. , Tulaczyk S. 
Published: August 2010

Water and wet sediments under ice sheets can play an important role in regulating the rate of ice stream flow in Antarctica, particularly over short time scales. Indeed, the discharge of subglacial lakes has been linked to an increase in ice velocity of Byrd Glacier by 10% for 14 months [Stearns et al., 2008], and studies in West Antarctica have shown that subglacial water can significantly influence overall ice stream dynamics [Fricker and Scambos, 2009], particularly at the seaward margin [Pollard and DeConto, 2009].The subglacial environment of Antarctica also is an unexplored component of the biosphere. Low temperatures, complete darkness, and direct isolation from the atmosphere for millions of years make this one of the most extreme environments on the planet [Priscu et al., 2008]. Additionally, microorganisms beneath the ice sheet may play an important role in mineral weathering of basement rock and sediments, making them likely contributors to geochemical inputs into the surrounding ocean.
Sonographic appearance of appendiceal mucocele
Authors: Degani S. , Shapiro I. , Leibovitz Z. , Ohel G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present a case of the diagnosis of an appendiceal mucocele in a 23‐year‐old woman. The unusual preoperative sonographic appearance of the lesion is described and its clinical significance and differential diagnosis are discussed. Copyright © 2002 ISUOG
Theory of decoherence of N-state quantum systems in the Born–Markov approximation
Authors: Joynt Robert , Nguyen Bich Ha , Nguyen Van Hieu 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
We present a systematic formalism for the computation of the density matrix of an N-state quantum system in the presence of classical noise or a coupling to the environment. In this formalism, the density matrix of the system is given as an expansion in the generators of the SU(N) group with real coefficients. This leads to a system of master equations. The parameters in these equations may be approximately expressed in terms of the components of the Redfield tensor, when the Born and Markov approximations are valid. The general form of the solution of the system of master equations is established. All relaxation and dephasing rates are then very simply expressed as eigenvalues of a certain matrix. This gives the formulation its simplicity and makes it uniquely suitable for numerical computation. The spectral representation of the components of the Redfield tensor is derived in the case when the environment is a harmonic oscillator bath in thermal equilibrium. Beyond the Born approximation, the decoherence of the system is determined by the Lindblad formula for the Liouvillian superoperator. The Lindblad formulae of some models of multi-state quantum systems are also presented.
Structural organization of nanomaterials and nanosystems: neutron scattering insight
Authors: Belushkin A V , Kozlenko D P 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
An overview of the studies of structural characteristics of nanomaterials and nanosystems, performed by neutron scattering methods, is presented. The considered examples include optically active oxide materials, biological systems and solutions for track membrane etching. It is shown that features of structural organization at the nanoscale, including cluster formation, aggregation and packing modification, play an important role in the formation of the physical properties of materials.
Improved performance of dye-sensitized solar cells by tuning the properties of ruthenium complexes containing conjugated bipyridine ligands
Authors: Nguyen Hong Minh , Nguyen Duc Nghia , Kim Nakjoong 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Three heteroleptic ruthenium complexes cis-[Ru(H
2
dcbpy)(L)(NCS)2], where H
2
dcbpy is 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine and L is 4-(4-(N,N-di-(p-anisyl)amino)styryl)-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Dye-1), 4-(4-(N,N-di-(p-hexyloxyphenyl)amino)styryl)-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Dye-2) or 4-(5-(N,N-di-(p-hexyloxyphenyl)-amino)-thiophene-2-yl-ethenyl)-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Dye-3) have been synthesized and characterized. The influence of differently conjugated bipyridine ligands on these complexes was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. These heteroleptic complexes show appreciably broad absorption ranges and quite high extinction coefficients. These new dyes were used as photosensitizers in nanocrystalline TiO
2 dye-sensitized solar cells. It was found that the difference in light-harvesting property between Dye-1, Dye-2 and Dye-3 is associated mainly with molar extinction coefficients and alignment of the HOMO–LUMO energy levels. The power conversion efficiencies of solar cells based on Dye-1 and Dye-2 are 4.21% and 4.41%, while Dye-3 delivered a lower efficiency of 2.88% under the same device fabrication and measurement conditions.