bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characterization and optimization of injectable silicone resin particles in conjunction with dermal fibroblasts and growth factors: Anin vitrostudy
Authors: Crews Robert M. , Jennings Jessica A. , McCanless Jonathan , Cole Judith A. , Bumgardner Joel D. , Haggard Warren O. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMinimally invasive subdermal injection of liquid silicone has been used clinically to augment the soft tissue of the foot to mitigate high pressures that cause diabetic foot ulcers. However, implant migration has been a clinical issue. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of three specific concentrations of silicone resin particles (12 μm average diameter) in conjunction with either platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF‐BB) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on fibroblast cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, cell morphology, and migration throughin vitroassays and a monolayer scratch wound model. PDGF and bFGF enhanced the proliferation of fibroblasts 5.7‐fold and fivefold, respectively, while the addition of silicone particles had no significant effect on proliferation. Collagen production was increased approximately twofold with the addition of bFGF and the medium concentration of particles over bFGF without particles and the PDGF groups. The addition of silicone particles had no significant effect on collagen production compared with control groups without particles. Fibroblast migration was enhanced by the addition of both PDGF and bFGF compared to controls, although slower scratch wound closure rates were observed in the presence of particles compared to controls without particles. Cell morphology suggested that particles induced cellular aggregation encircling silicone particles postwounding as well as migration into the wound area. These results suggest that silicone particles in combination with a growth factor might enhance fibroblast aggregation and implant stability, and could promote connective tissue ingrowth and implant encapsulation in the soft tissue of the diabetic foot. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Effect of heat treatment after accelerated aging on phase transformation in 3Y‐TZP
Authors: Denry I. L. , Peacock J. J. , Holloway J. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOur purpose was to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the reversibility of the tetragonal to monoclinic transformation in 3Y‐TZP, and associated surface roughness. The goals were to determine the onset temperature of the reverse transformation, and characterize surface roughness after accelerated aging, and after aging followed by heat treatment. 3Y‐TZP disc‐shaped specimens were sintered at temperatures from 1300 to 1550°C. The reversibility of the transformation was investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) after accelerated aging, followed by heat treatment at temperatures from 350°C up to 850°C. The surface roughness (Rrms) was measured by atomic force microscopy after polishing, after accelerated aging for 1 or 10 h, and after aging followed by heat treatment. XRD showed that the fraction ofm‐phase increased linearly with grain size after aging for 10 h (1.0–29.8%). The transformation was reversed for all groups after heat treatment at 850°C/min., with only trace amounts ofm‐phase remaining for the group sintered at 1550°C. A significant increase in mean surface roughness was observed after accelerated aging (1.59–7.45 nm), compared to polished groups (0.83–1.0 nm). However, the mean surface roughness after accelerated aging for either 1 or 10 h, followed by heat treatment at 850°C/min. (1.18–2.1 nm), was not significantly different from that of the polished groups. This was attributed to the reverse transformation. XRD revealed that the monoclinic to tetragonal transformation, was complete after heat treatment at 500°C for 1 min, for specimens sintered at 1550°C and aged 10 h. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Sonographically measured perirenal fat thickness: An early predictor of atherosclerosis in HIV‐1‐infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy?
Authors: Grima Pierfrancesco , Guido Marcello , Zizza Antonella , Chiavaroli Roberto 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurpose.The aim of our study was to evaluate whether perirenal fat thickness (PRFT), a parameter of central obesity, is related to carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT), an index of atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1‐infected patients.Methods.We enrolled 70 consecutive HIV‐1‐infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy for more than 12 months, in a prospective cohort study. Sonographically measured PRFT and carotid IMT, as well as serum metabolic parameters, were evaluated. PRFT and IMT were measured using 3.75‐MHz convex and 7.5‐MHz linear probes, respectively.Results.The mean PRFT and IMT in HIV‐1‐infected patients with visceral obesity was significantly greater than those in patients without it (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Using the average IMT as the dependent variable in regression analysis, PRFT was an independent factor associated with carotid IMT (p < 0.05). A PRFT of 6.4 mm was the most discriminatory value for predicting an IMT ≥ 0.9 mm (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 83.9%). Subjects with visceral obesity had a progressively increasing carotid IMT on the 12‐month measurement (p < 0.05).Conclusion.Our data demonstrated that PRFT measurement could be used as an early predictor of IMT increase in HIV‐1‐infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2010
A novel three‐component one‐pot reaction involving β‐naphthol, aldehydes, and urea promoted by TMSCl/NaI
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Arundhathi K. , Sudhakar K. , Sastry B. S. , Yadav J. S. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
magnified image Amidoalkyl naphthol derivatives have been synthesized in good yields in a one‐pot condensation of β‐naphthol, aromatic aldehydes and urea in presence of TMSCl/NaI at room temperature. Ring closure of amidoalkyl naphthol derivatives occurred at 140°C to afford 1,2‐dihydro‐1‐arylnaphtho[1,2‐e] [1,3]oxazin‐3‐one derivatives. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis of some impurities and/or degradation products of zaleplon
Authors: Rádl Stanislav , Blahovcová Michaela , Plaček Lukáš , Pekárek Tomáš , Havlíček Jaroslav 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
magnified image Synthesis of several potential impurities and/or degradation products of zaleplon is identified. All the prepared compounds were unambiguously identified by NMR techniques. Spectral characteristics (IR, UV, MS) of these compounds are also given. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Attenuation of proliferation in oligodendrocyte precursor cells by activated microglia
Authors: Taylor Deanna L. , Pirianov Grisha , Holland Samantha , McGinnity Colm J. , Norman Adele L. , Reali Camilla , Diemel Lara T. , Gveric Djordje , Yeung Davy , Mehmet Huseyin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractActivated microglia can influence the survival of neural cells through the release of cytotoxic factors. Here, we investigated the interaction between Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐activated microglia and oligodendrocytes or their precursor cells (OPC). Primary rat or N9 microglial cells were activated by exposure to TLR4‐specifc lipopolysaccharide (LPS), resulting in mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation, increased CD68 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Microglial conditioned medium (MGCM) from LPS‐activated microglia attenuated primary OPC proliferation without inducing cell death. The microglial‐induced inhibition of OPC proliferation was reversed by stimulating group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in microglia with the agonist L‐AP4. In contrast to OPC, LPS‐activated MGCM enhanced the survival of mature oligodendrocytes. Further investigation suggested that TNF and IL‐6 released from TLR4‐activated microglia might contribute to the effect of MGCM on OPC proliferation, insofar as TNF depletion of LPS‐activated MGCM reduced the inhibition of OPC proliferation, and direct addition of TNF or IL‐6 attenuated or increased proliferation, respectively. OPC themselves were also found to express proteins involved in TLR4 signalling, including TLR4, MyD88, and MAL. Although LPS stimulation of OPC did not induce proinflammatory cytokine release or affect their survival, it did trigger JNK phosphorylation, suggesting that TLR4 signalling in these cells is active. These findings suggest that OPC survival may be influenced not only by factors released from endotoxin‐activated microglia but also through a direct response to endotoxins. This may have consequences for myelination under conditions in which microglial activation and cerebral infection are both implicated. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postinjury estrogen treatment of chronic spinal cord injury improves locomotor function in rats
Authors: Sribnick Eric A. , Samantaray Supriti , Das Arabinda , Smith Joshua , Matzelle D. Denise , Ray Swapan K. , Banik Naren L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) causes loss of neurological function and, depending on serverity, may cause paralysis. The only recommended pharmacotherapy for the treatment of SCI is high‐dose methylprednisolone, and its use is controversial. We have previously shown that estrogen treatment attenuated cell death, axonal and myelin damage, calpain and caspase activities, and inflammation in acute SCI. The aim of this study was to examine whether posttreatment of SCI with estrogen would improve locomotor function by protecting cells and axons and reducing inflammation during the chronic phase following injury. Moderately severe injury (40 g · cm force) was induced in male Sprague‐Dawley rats following laminectomy at T10. Three groups of animals were used: sham (laminectomy only), vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO)‐treated injury group, and estrogen‐treated injury group. Animals were treated with 4 mg/kg estrogen at 15 min and 24 hr postnjury, followed by 2 mg/kg estrogen daily for the next 5 days. After treatment, animals were sacrificed at the end of 6 weeks following injury, and 1‐cm segments of spinal cord (lesion, rostral to lesion, and caudal to lesion) were removed for biochemical analyses. Estrogen treatment reduced COX‐2 activity, blocked nuclear factor‐κB translocation, prevented glial reactivity, attenuated neuron death, inhibited activation and activity of calpain and caspase‐3, decreased axonal damage, reduced myelin loss in the lesion and penumbra, and improved locomotor function compared with vehicle‐treated animals. These findings suggest that estrogen may be useful as a promising therapeutic agent for prevention of damage and improvement of locomotor function in chronic SCI. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of benzoylurea insecticides in food by pressurized liquid extraction and LC‐MS
Authors: Brutti Monia , Blasco Cristina , Picó Yolanda 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA method based on pressurized liquid extraction and LC‐MS/MS has been developed for determining nine benzoylureas (BUs) in fruit, vegetable, cereals, and animal products. Samples (5 g) were homogenized with diatomaceous earth and extracted in a 22 mL cell with 22 mL of ethyl acetate at 80°C and 1500 psi. After solvent concentration and exchange to methanol, BUs were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS using an IT mass analyzer, which achieved several transitions of precursor ions that increase selectivity providing identification. LOQs were between 0.002 and 0.01 mg/kg, which are equal or lower than maximum residue limits established by the Codex Alimentarius. Excellent linearity was achieved over a range of concentrations from 0.01 to 1 mg/kg with correlation coefficients 0.995–0.999 (n=7). Validation of the total method was performed by analyzing in quintuplicate seven different commodities (milk, eggs, meat, rice, lettuce, avocado, and lemon) at three concentration levels (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg). The recoveries ranged from 58 to 97% and the RSDs from 5 to 19% depending on the compound and the commodity. The combination of pressurized liquid extraction with LC‐MS/MS provides a sensitive and selective method for the determination of BUs in food.
Small molecule adsorption on to polyester capillary‐channeled polymer fibers: Frontal analysis of naphthalene and naphthol (naphthalene and naphthol adsorption on capillary‐channeled polymer fibers)
Authors: Straut Christine M. , Kenneth Marcus R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFrontal analysis was carried out employing poly(ethylene‐terephthalate) capillary‐channeled polymer fibers as the stationary phase for the immobilization of low‐molecular‐weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (naphthol and naphthalene) from 2% methanol/water solutions. The effects of several experimental parameters on the frontal profile, the breakthrough volume, and the equilibrium parameters were determined for each solute. The amount adsorbed at exhaustion of naphthalene and naphthol was also compared. The kinetics and thermodynamics were maintained at relatively fast flow rates/linear velocities (∼6–18 mm/s). Comparisons of dynamic capacity revealed that naphthalene was more retained than naphthol, in most situations more than five times that of the naphthol adsorption. This increase in capacity is most likely due to the multilayering of naphthalene on the surface of the fibers through π–π interactions between the solute and the fiber surface and successive layering of solute molecules. The extent of layering is a function of the flow, with faster flow rates (and subsequent shear forces) reducing the extent of adsorbate–adsorbate interactions. Although the overall loading capacity of the capillary‐channeled polymer fibers is far below porous phases, there are a number of attractive attributes that support further development.
Modern materials for forming and cutting tools – overview
Authors: Berger C. , Scheerer H. , Ellermeier J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMaterials are an ever‐changing field of science with high innovation potential. The knowledge in this subject is fundamental for manufacturing industry. Future products play a decisive role in choosing materials. With new production and processing technologies the quality of materials was improved significantly. Modern heat treatments and high specialized coatings create properties, which lead for example to high speed machining with an excellent productivity. Under these conditions, it is necessary, to develop customized products. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art of modern materials for forming and cutting tools and depicts the investigation on tool steels, cemented carbides, ceramics and materials with very high hardness and describes some selected fields of innovation in these fields.Werkstoffe sind ein sich ständig verändernder wissenschaftlicher Themenbereich mit hohem Innovationspotenzial. Für die verarbeitende Industrie ist die Wissenserweiterung in diesem Themenbereich von fundamentaler Bedeutung. Die Werkstoffauswahl spielt dabei für zukünftige Produkte eine entscheidende Rolle. Mit neuen Produkten und Prozesstechniken wurde die Qualität von Werkstoffen wesentlich verbessert. Moderne Wärmebehandlungen und hoch spezialisierte Beschichtungen führen zu neuen Eigenschaften, die z.B. eine exzellente Produktivität durch Hochgeschwindigkeitsspanen ermöglichen. Unter diesen Bedingungen ist es notwendig anwendungsorientierte Produkte zu entwickeln. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert einen Überblick über den Stand der Technik bei modernen Werkstoffen für Umform‐ und Schneidwerkwerkzeuge und stellt die Entwicklungen im Bereich von Werkzeugstählen, Hartmetallen, Keramiken, und Werkstoffen mit sehr hoher Härte vor und beschreibt einige ausgewählte innovative Bereiche.
Measurement of electron beam quality for non vacuum electron beam equipment
Authors: Reisgen U. , Schleser M. , Abdurakhmanov A. , Masny H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn den letzten Jahrzehnten hat das Elektronenstrahlschweißen, das bereits im größeren Maßstab verwendet wird, seine Fähigkeit als qualitatives Werkzeug für die Verbindung verschiedener Materialen nachgewiesen. Das Non Vacuum Electron Beam Welding (NV‐EBW) hat zahlreiche Vorteile im Vergleich zum Elektronenstrahlschweißen im Vakuum, da man unter normalem Atmosphärendruck arbeiten kann. Im Hinblick auf die reproduzierbare Qualität, insbesondere im Bereich der Massen‐Fertigung, ist die Kontrolle der Strahlparameter sowie deren Einfluss auf das Schweißergebnis von großer Bedeutung. Durch eine genaue Kenntnis der Strahlkenngrößen wie des Strahldurchmessers und der Leistungsdichteverteilung kann eine Aussage über die sich ausbildende Schweißnaht sowie die Schweißbaddynamik getroffen werden. Messungen der Strahlkenngrößen im Prozess erlauben insbesondere die Untersuchung von Humping‐Effekten. In diesem Beitrag wird der Prozess der Elektronenstrahlvermessung unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen beschrieben. Es wird zudem die Abhängigkeit der Elektronenstrahlcharakteristika von den verschiedenen Prozessparametern dargestellt.In the last decade the electron beam welding has proved its capability as a qualitative instrument for joining of different materials. The Non Vacuum Electron Beam Welding (NV‐EBW) with its possibility to work under atmospheric pressure has numerous benefits compared to the electron beam welding in vacuum. The control of electron beam parameters and their influence on welding results is of great importance in regard to the reproducible quality especially in the field of mass production. Predictions may be done about the weld seam and its pool dynamics under the properly acquirement of beam properties such as beam diameter or beam power distribution. This allows especially the investigation of humping phenomena. In this paper the process of electron beam measurement under air pressure is described. Dependencies upon electron beam properties under different welding parameters are presented.
Patterns of social identity in relation to tooth ablation among prehistoric Jomon foragers from the Yoshigo site, Aichi prefecture, Japan
Authors: Temple D. H. , Kusaka S. , Sciulli P. W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study documents and interprets patterns of identity in relation to tooth ablation patterns at Yoshigo, a Late/Final Jomon period (3500–2500 yBP) site. Two patterns of tooth ablation are observed among the Yoshigo people: both (2) mandibular canines or four (4) mandibular incisors were extracted during life and formed a basis for identity differentiation. Three hypotheses are tested regarding these groups: (1) tooth ablation groups will be unrelated to postmarital residence; (2) tooth ablation groups will be associated with age‐based achievements; (3) tooth ablation groups will be associated with occupational specialisation. Biodistance, demographic and stable isotope analyses were performed on skeletal remains recovered from Yoshigo (3500–2300 BP) to test these hypotheses. Within‐group variation expressed by cranial and dental measurements was not significantly different between tooth ablation groups. This indicates that tooth ablation practices were not related to migration. Previous biodistance findings do, however, suggest that tooth ablation groups represent closely related individuals, possibly kin‐based networks. Demographic analysis of age‐at‐death and tooth ablation suggests that tooth ablation styles were achieved at different ages. Stable isotope analysis indicates that the tooth ablation groups consumed similar foods. Based on isotopic findings from other sites and archaeological evidence for food sharing among Jomon people, these results suggest that dietary variability between tooth ablation groups was homogenised by cooperative food sharing. The totality of these findings support the hypothesis that the identities associated with tooth ablation were unrelated to migratory patterns, and instead, possibly reflect kin‐based social units, where achievement or age acted as a determinant of membership. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and numerical investigation of injection molding with microrib patterns
Authors: Lee Jae Gu , Lee Bong‐Kee , Kang Tae Gon , Kwon Tai Hun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this study, experimental and numerical studies were carried out to investigate the transcriptability of microrib structures and flow characteristics in injection molding of such geometry. For this purpose, mold inserts with nine parallel microribs on top of a thick ground plate were designed and fabricated in such a way that the gate location could be varied to change flow directions: parallel or transverse to the microrib structures. By utilizing the fabricated mold insert, the transcriptability affected by gate location and flow direction was experimentally investigated. As for the numerical methods for injection molding filling simulation, we have developed an Interpolated Domain Decomposition Method (IDDM) enabling a coarse mesh for a ground plate and a finer mesh for microstructures. The effect of processing conditions on transcriptability has been extensively investigated. Under various processing conditions, an interesting flow phenomenon similar to “race‐tracking” was observed due to “flow‐hesitation” in the microribs. The same phenomenon was observed in flow analyses via IDDM, as well as a full 3D analysis. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of film and substrate dimensions on warpage of film insert molded parts
Authors: Kim Seong Yun , Lee Jung Tae , Kim Jin Young , Youn Jae Ryoun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThree‐dimensional flow and structural analyses were carried out for film insert injection molding to investigate warpage of film insert molded (FIM) parts with respect to variation of film and substrate thickness. Asymmetry of temperature distribution in the thickness direction was increased with increasing film thickness but decreased with increasing substrate thickness. Asymmetry of the in‐mold residual stress distribution in the FIM specimen was generated by the nonuniform temperature distribution, and it was increased with increasing film thickness but reduced with increasing substrate thickness. Warpage of the ejected FIM specimen was determined by relaxation of the asymmetric in‐mold residual stress distribution, and it was increased with increasing film thickness but reduced with increasing substrate thickness. Warpage of FIM specimens annealed at 80°C for 30 min showed complex behavior, and the behavior was understood by using factors such as degree of warpage of the ejected part, thermal shrinkage of the inserted film, and retardation of heat transfer. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Identifying kinetically stable proteins with capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Zhang Songjie , Xia Ke , Chung Wai Keen , Cramer Steven M. , Colón Wilfredo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUnlike most proteins, which are in equilibrium with partially and globally unfolded conformations, kinetically stable proteins (KSPs) are trapped in their native conformations and are often resistant to harsh environment. Based on a previous correlation between kinetic stability (KS) and a protein's resistance to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), we show here a simple method to identify KSPs by SDS‐capillary electrophoresis (CE). Control non‐KSPs were fully denatured by SDS and formed protein:SDS complexes that exhibited similar mobility in CE. In contrast, KSPs bound fewer SDS molecules, and showed a very different migration time and peak pattern in CE, thereby providing some insight about the structural heterogeneity of SDS:protein complexes and the relative KS of the various proteins.