bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric disorders among children living in orphanages - experience from Kashmir
Authors: Rather Y. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn the conflict torn developing countries, where adoption and foster care are little practised, orphanages remain one of the few means of survival of inumerable orphans. Critical research, however, has potrayed orphanages as a breeding ground for psychopathology.ObjectivesThis study was taken up to examine this opinion.MethodsAn orphanage for girls in Srinagar was surveyed by Psychiatrists, and using DSM IV guidelines screened children were evaluated for psychopathology.ResultsChildren were in the age group of 5–12 yrs. PTSD was the commonest psychiatric disorders (40.62%), easily attributable to the prevailing mass trauma state of almost two decades. Next commonest diagnoses were MDD (25%) and conversion disorder (12.5%).ConclusionsA high psychopathology in orphanages could be an important guide for policy makers to plan for better rehabilitation and social reintegration of orphans.
Changes of 5-HT1A receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the rat model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Luo F.F. , Han F. , Shi X.Y. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized mainly by symptoms of reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal as a consequence of catastrophic and traumatic events that are distinguished from ordinary stressful life events. Single-prolonged stress (SPS) is an established animal model for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The dorsal raphe nucleus (DR)-serotonin (5-HT) system is dramatically affected by swim stress and has been implicated in affective disorders. The 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) is critically involved in regulating mood and anxiety levels.ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated changes in the expression of 5-HT1AR in DR of rats after SPS which may reveal part of the pathogenesis of PTSD.MethodsRats were randomly divided into 24h, 4d and 7d groups after SPS and a normal control group, 5-HT1AR expression in DR was examined using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe expression of 5-HT1AR in DR after SPS exposure was increased when compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings suggest increase of 5-HT1AR in DR of SPS rats, which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PTSD rats.
Single-prolonged stress induced mitochondrial - dependent apoptosis in hippocampus in the rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Li M.X. , Han F. , Liu J.D. , Shi X.Y. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to reveal the possible mechanisms involved in apoptosis induced by single prolonged stress (SPS) in hippocampus of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rats.MethodsSPS is one of the animal models proposed for PTSD. Wistar rats were killed at 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28days after exposure to SPS. Expression of caspase-9, caspase-3, cytochrome c, Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blotting and electron microscopy. Apoptotic cells were assessed by TUNEL method.ResultsOur results showed apoptotic cells were significantly increased in hippocampus of SPS rats, accompanied by release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, increase of caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression and decrease of the Bcl-2 / Bax ratio.ConclusionThe results indicate that SPS induced apoptosis in hippocampus of PTSD rats, and the mitochondrial pathway was involved in the process of SPS induced apoptosis. *National Natural Science Foundation of China
Apoptosis in medial prefrontal cortex of PTSD rats
Authors: Zhang H.J. , Li M. , Han F. , Shi X.Y. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionA critical region of PTSD is the medial prefrontal cortex, which may be impaired in this disorder. Neuroimaging studies have reported reduced cortical volumes and neuronal integrity, as well as decreased function in medial prefrontal structures in this disorder.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to find whether mPFC neurons have cell apoptosis, which may lead to the dysfunction of mPFC of PTSD.MethodsThe group to test apotosis was divided into SPS after1d, 4d, 7d, 14d and control group. Expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blotting and RT-PCR.ResultsCaspase-3 was located in cytoplasm. Evaluation of Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry showed a significant increased in the SPS-1d, SPS-4d and SPS-7d compared with the normal control group, then gradually decreased in SPS-14d. Caspase-9-positive cells were expressed in the control group and the SPS groups, The positive expression was green fluorescence, which in cell body, membrane, and processes. The mRNA levels of Caspase-9 in the SPS rats were significant increased on days 1d and 4d then gradually decreased. The Caspase-3 mRNA levels peaked at SPS-7d, then decreased on SPS-14d.ConclusionsThe mPFC neuronal apoptosis through mintochodrial pathway would play an important role in the dysfunction of mPFC in post traumatic stress disorder patients.
Changes of glucocorticoid receptors in nucleus raphes magnus neurons of PTSD-like rats
Authors: Liu H. , Han F. , Shi Y. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo observe the changes of glucocorticoid receptors(GR) in the nucleus raphes magnus (NRM)neurons of PTSD-like rats.Methods25 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into PTSD model 1d, 4d, 7d, 14d groups and a normal group with 5 rats in each group. Rats in model groups were treated with SPS procedure to reproduce PTSD model.The changes of expression of GR in NRM of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry and PCR in each group, and image analysis and statistical analysis were performed in each group.ResultsGR was distributed in the nucleus of neurons. The expression of GR was sharply decreased on 1d, but gradually increased on 4d and 7d, then decreased on 14d. All of 4d, 7d, 14d are higher than the normal (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe lasting dysfunction of GR in the nucleus raphes magnus (NRM) may play an important role in post-traumatic stress disorder rats.
Personality traits and PTSD after experiencing civilian war-related trauma among women in Croatia
Authors: Stevanovic A. , Franciskovic T. , Colic M. , Vidakovic I. , Knezevic G. , Vermetten E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAlthough many studies report that neuroticism and introversion predispose people to PTSD after exposure to traumatic event, the relationship between personality traits and PTSD is still vague. Also, little attention has been given to posttraumatic responses of civilians and especially women after war circumstances.ObjectivesTo explore the relationships between basic personality traits and PTSD among female civilians who have experienced war- related trauma.AimsTo investigate whether women with current PTSD, PTSD in remission, and those who did not develop PTSD differ in neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness.MethodsThe research is a part of a larger study „Psychobiology of PTSD”. CAPS and NEO PI-R were administrated to 395 female participants: 61 participants have current PTSD, 124 PTSD in remission and 108 never developed PTSD after experiencing at least one civilian war related traumatic event. The control group consisted of 101 women with no war related trauma.ResultsFour groups significantly differ on four out of five major domains of personality (one way ANOVA). Women with current PTSD and PTSD in remission have significantly higher scores on neuroticism (F = 25,170, p = ,000). Non PTSD group and controls show significantly higher scores on extroversion (F = 29,980, p = ,000) and on openness to experience (F = 18,421, p = ,000). Participants with current PTSD score have significantly lower scores on conscientiousness in comparison to the other three groups (5,672, p = ,001).ConclusionAccording to our results, personality traits are in significant relationship with PTSD development in female civilians with war related traumatization.
Dynamics aspects in ex-combatants experienced PTSD
Authors: Tadevosyan M. , Babakhanya-Gambaryan A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionGrowing stress and extreme situations create serious psychological problems, for solving which a person must get adopted to new situations different from stress- formed conditions, “suppressing” herewith spontaneous aggression and anxiety that quite often leads to both forming anti- and asocial behavior and the development of somatoform disorders.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine the development of several PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder) symptoms actual in PTSD dynamics.AimTo determine how growing of actual parameters impacts on development of PTSD.MethodsIn this study material of observation, testing and diagnoses of 30 male Karabagh war volunteers at the age of 35–61 (48 ± 8) were used. The psychiatric disorders (among the examined patients) corresponded to ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for PTSD. The observation period included 15–18 years. The clinical self- report scale SCL-90-R was used to assess several psychological features.ResultsAll the actual SCL-90 properties exceed the pathological level (≥2). In particular, somatisation level was 2, 2 ± 0, 5 in 2009 vs. 1, 97 ± 0,10 in 1996. It is caused, on the one hand, by the presence of unconscious suppressed anxiety, on the other hand, by the evident deterioration of the patients’ somatoneurological status. Besides, growing aggression is revealed (SCL- hostility) (2,4 ± 0,8 in 2009 vs. 2, 24 ± 0,16 in 1996), that indicates gradual forming of organic cerebral changes.ConclusionThe comparison of 1996–2009 features enables to hypothesize, that development of actual parameters is essential in PTSD dynamics at the stage of distant results.
Language acquisition in relation to complex PTSD
Authors: Vuijk V. , Kleijn W.C. , Smid G.E. , Smith A.J.M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionEuropean countries face immigration problems with refugees. Many refugees suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Numerous studies have shown that PTSD is associated with cognitive problems that interfere with language acquisition.ObjectivesIn this study we have explored demographic and psychological variables that influence language acquisition. Expected is that low levels of language acquisition are associated with severeness of PTSD.AimsFrom clinical experience, we have noticed that Dutch fluency is an important factor in social adjustment and mental health. Furthermore it is expected that PTSD symptoms delay language acquisition.MethodsParticipants are 150 refuges with PTSD. The severeness of PTSD was assessed with a structured interview and self-rating questionnaires; HTQ, HSCL-25 and PILL scale. The ability to speak Dutch language was measured by the choice of refugees to have an interpreter or not. Demographic data for age, sex, education and years since resettlement are included. We searched for linear relations between PTSD and other variables.ResultsResults confirm our clinical observation of a relation between higher numbers of traumatic experiences related to complex PTSD and the choice to have a interpreter. There are correlations between complex PTSD, number of traumatic events, years since resettlement, age and language acquisition although multiple regressive analysis indicates this result is not significant because of the small variation in this group of refugees with severe PTSD.ConclusionThis study stresses the necessity to include additional objective instruments to measure language acquisition of refugees.
Exploring mood variability in pregnancy and postpartum women
Authors: Bowen A. , Bowen R. , Muhajarine N. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionEmotional and moody behaviour is often normalized in childbearing women. However, increased mood variability is associated with psychiatric problems (anxiety, depression, personality disorder), which are potentially deleterious to the health of the developing fetus and mother.PurposeTo increase understanding about mood variability in childbearing women.MethodDepression was measured using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Mood variability was calculated from twice-daily diary ratings of “depressed”, “fear”, and “irritable” mood for one week each in early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and postpartum.FindingsWe recruited 47 women. Depression, as measured by the EPDS, and fear mood variability decreased from early pregnancy to postpartum. Depressed and irritable mood variability also declined during pregnancy, but increased in post-partum. Increases in mood variability (depressed, irritable) from late pregnancy to postpartum predicted higher postpartum EPDS. Mood diaries were available from 30 non-parturient women for comparison. Pregnant and postpartum women had higher irritable but not depressed or fear mood variability.ConclusionMood, particularly anxiety, is variable over the course of pregnancy into early postpartum. This may be related to diminishing concerns about the pregnancy and baby's health after birth, sleep disruptions, or hormonal changes. Depressed mood variability is correlated with, but is distinct from depression as measured by the EPDS. We present results counter to the notion that all mood is amplified in childbearing women.
“My pregnancy was a flash of lightning!” the impact of the birth of premature babies on adolescent mothers
Authors: Chvatal V.L.S. , Vargas C.R.R. , Rivoredo C.R.S.F.d. , Turato E.R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe pregnancy and the motherhood of adolescents are complex phenomena that happen on the trajectory of life of the young persons under physical, psychological and social aspects.AimTo deepen knowledge of the emotional experiences of socially disadvantaged adolescent primiparous with premature babies.MethodQualitative-clinical. Criteria of inclusion: age group, to be primiparous with premature baby and acceptance in participating of the inquiry. The intentional sample was made up of five adolescents aged between 16 and 19. The study was carried between junho/2008 to outubro/2009. Semi-directed interviews based on the trigger question “Tell me about your pregnancy and your baby's birth”. The data were submitted for thematic analysis and from this the following categories emerged: 1. Late discovery of pregnancy: “Mine was a lightning pregnancy”; 2. The symbolization of the child: “It was a present for me…” discussed within a theoretical framework of reference, with special emphasis on the psychodynamic approach.ResultsOn the psychological level, the adolescents presented feelings of omnipotence, unfamiliarity, shock, surprise, anger, fear, anguish and happiness at the birth of their child. They appeared to use immature, narcissistic and neurotic defense mechanisms such as denial, dissociation, acting out and idealization as well as revealing the desire to be good mothers and to engage in maternity.ConclusionThese finds can subsidize the team of health responsible for the service in the UTIN, developing attitudes more effective of support and giving emotional presence aiming to reduce the fear and anguishes resulting from the situation.
Fluphenazine in the pregnancy
Authors: Dadić-Hero E. , Ružić K. , Grahovac T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMental illness and pregnancy have always represented a great challenge to psychiatrists. There are certain risks when dealing with severe, long-term and chronic mental illness requiring continuous medication such as schizophrenia, which is always treated by antipsychotics.ObjectivesA 40-year-old pregnant woman, primipara has been suffering from schizophrenia for 24 and has been married for the last 15 years. Although the pregnancy was unplanned, the patient decided to give birth and was fully supported by her husband. From the very beginning of the illness the patient has been treated by an antipsychotic- flufenazine decanoate, every four weeks. During her life-long illness the patient was hospitalised three times and since the last hospitalization (17 years ago), the patient has continued the treatment on an outpatient basis.The pregnancy itself represented a risk for further psychic decompensation, while the risk of antipsychotic effect on the fetus was also present. A specific life situation of the patient required the introduction of different treatment types in order to assure an intensive monitoring and observation of the patient’s mental state. Besides depot medication, high-risk pregnancy required the introduction of additional supportive therapy (once a week).ConclusionDue to a high-risk pregnancy a regular collaborative approach and care of the psychiatrist, gynaecologist and GP were the prerequisites for successful treatment. During pregnancy the remission of schizophrenia was maintained, while during delivery and the postpartum period no relapse occurred. The patient had a full-term pregnancy and a natural childbirth. After delivery ablactation was suggested.
Anxiety corresponds with emotional responses to IAPS pictures during pregnancy
Authors: Deak A. , Szentivanyi-Mako H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMaternal anxiety during pregnancy can have many effects on the outcome of the pregnancy such as gestational length, birthweight, prenatal attachment, prepartum and intrapartum complications.ObjectivesThree categories of pictures were presented to 149 pregnant women:1.baby pictures as cues of prenatal attachment;2.couples in erotic and family situations as cues of relationship to the partner;3.other pictures related to pregnancy (such as the physical changes of the body, experiencing social support) as cues of potential fears and coping with stressful situations.AimsThe aim of our study is to describe the relation between pregnant women's ratings to affective stimuli and their level of anxiety.MethodsAffective ratings have been assessed on three dimensions: valence (ranging from pleasant to unpleasant), arousal (ranging from calm to excited), and dominance/control (ranging from being overwhelmed by emotions to controling an affective state). Anxiety has been measured with HADS.ResultsWomen with high level of anxiety have rated the pregnancy related pictures less pleasant, less arousing but more overwhelming (lower level of control over an emotional state). Women with low level of anxiety have rated the pictures more pleasant, less arousing and less overwhelming (higher level of perceived control an emotional state).ConclusionsHigh level of anxiety has correlated with special pattern of emotional reactions to pregnancy related pictures from the IAPS.
Perfectionism and other risk factors in postpartum depression: a case-control study
Authors: Gelabert E. , Subirà S. , Garcia-Esteve L. , Navarro P. , Plaza A. , Cuyàs E. , Martín-Santos R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAlthough perfectionism has generally been associated with depressive illness in general, there are no studies on its role in major depression in the postnatal period. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between perfectionism and major postpartum depression.MethodsIn this case-control study, we compared the differences in perfectionism dimensions between 122 women with major postpartum depression (SCID-I; DSM-IV) and 115 healthy postpartum women. The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) was used to assess perfectionism. Other variables were also considered: Socio-demographic and obstetric data, psychiatric history, other personality traits, social support, life events and genotype combinations according to serotonin transporter expression (5-HTTLPR and Stin2 VNTR polymorphisms).ResultsMultivariate models confirmed perfectionism as an independent factor associated with major postpartum depression. The FMPS dimension concern over mistakes was associated with a 4-fold increase in risk for major postpartum depression (OR = 4.14; 95%CI: 1.24–13.81). Neuroticism, personal psychiatric history and 5-HTT low-expressing genotypes at one of the loci were also identified as independent factors.ConclusionsPerfectionism, and particularly the concern over mistakes perfectionism dimension, is associated with major postpartum depression. These results highlight the importance of assessing personality traits together with other risk factors to identify women at risk of depression after childbirth.
When dreams become nightmares: Post traumatic stress disorder symptoms in mothers of NICU babies
Authors: Greenberg Y. , Naor N. , Sirota P. , Sirota L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionHaving a critically ill baby in the NICU is very difficult to cope with, and mothers may feel a whole host of emotions as they cope with the loss of the last part of pregnancy, the dream of a healthy birth, the loss of the first weeks or months of their baby's life. This distress may resemble posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).ObjectiveTo examine mothers’ responses to having a baby (preterm or full term) in neonatal intensive -care unit and to determine if they fulfill the criteria for PTSD or depression.MethodsForty nine mothers of pre term babies and ten mothers of full term babies who had been hospitalized in NICU of Schneider Children's Hospital, Israel, were interviewed at the follow up clinic between 4–17 months after birth. The evaluation was carried out by one senior psychiatrist and was based on diagnostic criteria for PTSD and depression according to DSM-4. Severity of PTSD was measured by PSS-sr and the severity of depression by HAMD-Distress factors in NICU setting were evaluated by Parental Stressor Scale (M&F&C Scale).Results1.50% of mothers of preterm babies and 40% of mothers of full term babies fulfill the criteria for PTSD (N.S.).2.25% (15/59) of the whole sample had moderate to severe PTSD.3.A strong correlation between PTSD and severity of stress during hospitalization in NICU was found.ConclusionThe development of later ptsd and depression can be predicted by maternal responses to hospitalization of her baby in nicu.
Postpartal psychosis: Serbian experience
Authors: Jasovic-Gasic M. , Damjanovic A. , Ivkovic M. , Dunjic-Kostic B. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionChildbirth and the postpartal period present a form of specific maturational crisis and an extremely vulnerable period for every woman, especially for those who have potential for some psychological disturbances.AimWe explored sociodemographic and clinical manifestations of women in the postpartal period who were hospitalized at the Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Serbia.MethodThis retrospective study included 60 patients with psychiatric disorders developed within six months after childbirth. Inclusion criteria were: negative psychiatric hystory, negative history of puerperal episode, and postpartal disorder as a first manifestation of psychiatric disturbances. Patients were diagnosed according to RDC criteria (research diagnostic criteria).ResultsPatients with psychotic features were predominant, average age 23.6; married; mothers of male offspring and with positive family history of psychiatric disorders in 30%. Subacute development of clinical manifestations was noticed, 3.5 weeks after childbirth on average. No psychopathology was observed before third postpartal day. Obstetric manifestations did not influence psychopathology.ConclusionChildbirth is a significant risk factor for the expression of mental dysfunction in the puerperal period. The most vulnerable group is women with clinical expression of dysfunction, specific sociodemographic characteristics, and positive family history of psychiatric disorders.
Neurocognitive outcome in a 6-year-old girl with a history of perinatal stroke
Authors: Matos-Pires A. , Cardoso-Pereira N. 
Published: May 2011

Perinatal Stroke involves an often poorly understood neurocognitive events affecting the fetus and the new born with a potential for serious intellectual outcome.Our aim is to present a case study on the issue of neurocognitive defects on domains such as intellectual performance, attention and vigilance, executive functioning, visual perception, speed of processing, verbal learning and memory, and working memory on a 6 year old girl with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke.