bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of grain orientation distribution on the mechanical properties of Al-7.02Mg-1.78Zn alloys
Authors: Chen Xin , Zheng Xiaoyu , He Meiling , Liu Yuling , Mao Hong , Li Xiwu , Yan Hongwei , Kong Yi , Li Liya , Du Yong 
Published: June 2024

PurposeDuring the forming process, aluminum alloy sheets develop various types of textures and are subjected to cyclic loading as structural components, resulting in fatigue damage. This study aims to develop polycrystalline models with different orientation distributions and incorporate suitable fatigue indicator parameters to investigate the effect of orientation distribution on the mechanical properties of Al-7.02Mg-1.78Zn alloys under cyclic loading.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a two-dimensional polycrystalline model with 150 equiaxed grains was constructed based on optical microscope images. Subsequently, six different orientation distributions were assigned to this model. The fatigue indicator parameter of strain energy dissipation is utilized to analyze the stress response and fatigue crack driving force in polycrystalline models with different orientation distributions subjected to cyclic loading.FindingsThe study found that orientation distribution significantly influences fatigue crack initiation. Orientation distributions with a larger average Schmid factor exhibit reduced stress response and lower fatigue indicator parameters. Locations with a larger average Schmid factor experience greater plastic deformation and present a higher risk for fatigue crack initiation. RVE with a single orientation undergoes more rotation to reach cyclic steady state under cyclic loading due to the ease of deformation transfer.Originality/valueCurrently, there are no reports in the literature on the calculation of fatigue crack initiation for Al-Mg-Zn alloys using the crystal plasticity finite element method. This study presents a novel strategy for simulating the response of Al-7.02Mg-1.78Zn materials with different orientation distributions under symmetric strain cyclic loading, providing valuable references for future research.
Optimising international trade: the examination of Incoterms selection by exporters and importers
Authors: Sheikh Wahidul , Miah S. M. Abu Nahiyan , Hasan Md. Tanvir , Zitu Khadija Khatun , Hosain Jakir 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
This study aims to gain a deep understanding of the process of international commercial terms (Incoterms) selection by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh and identify the key factors that influence their choices. The study also intends to explore the discrepancy between the literature and the actual industry practice so that policymakers and traders can make more informed decisions in this respect.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts a mixed methodology. Initially, 20 factors under five principle components were identified by reviewing the literature. The semi-structured one-to-one interview method has been used to gather expert opinions on the factors and to identify the discrepancy between literature and actual industry practices. Finally, eight factors have been identified and surveyed using the best-worst method (BWM) to determine their relative significance or weights in Incoterm selection.

Findings
The study has found that government policies, the influence of banks and currency fluctuations are the top three influential factors in selecting Incoterms by SMEs in Bangladesh. As a result, the most commonly used Incoterms are free on board (FOB) for the exporters and cost and freight (CFR) for the importers. However, discrepancies have been identified between the selected and the actual application of the Incoterms.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to identify and analyse the factors that influence the selection of Incoterms by the SMEs in the context of a developing nation. The study has identified the factors from both importers’ and exporters’ perspectives that have not been done by any previous studies. Moreover, this study explores the discrepancies between the agreed Incoterm and the actual industry practices which is a unique contribution to the literature.
Numerical simulation of antibacterial and antiviral mechanisms using silver nanoparticles with the dynamics of Casson–Walters-B and variable thermophysical properties
Authors: Falodun Bidemi Olumide , Tijani Musa Oladipupo , Adenekan Ibrahim Oyeyemi , Abraham Olabode Amos , Ogunsanya Tolulope Idiat 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to consider the dynamics of Casson–Walters-B alongside gyrotactic microorganisms through the investigation of antibacterial and antiviral mechanisms using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The Casson fluid and Walters-B flow from the penetrable plate to the boundary layer (BL) in this analysis. The antiviral and antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs were separately examined in this study.

Design/methodology/approach
The physical phenomenon of this problem was analyzed with partial differential equations (PDEs). These PDEs were changed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to further explain the significance of pertinent control parameters. The set of equations is solved numerically by implementing the spectral relaxation method (SRM). SRM is a numerical technique that uses the basic techniques of Gauss-Seidel. The SRM first decouples and linearizes the coupled nonlinear set of ODEs.

Findings
In this finding, it is found that the thermal radiation parameter produces higher temperatures within the BL to cause blockage in viral replications. It is found in this study that the magnetic parameter assisted in disinfection by lowering the antiviral and antibacterial mechanisms within the momentum BL. This is evident from the reduction in the velocity and momentum BL as the Casson and Walters-B parameters increase.

Originality/value
This paper is unique because it examined the antiviral and antibacterial mechanisms by using AgNPs. Prior to the authors’ understanding, no study of this type was conducted in the past. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other study in the past has examined the mechanisms of antiviral and antibacterial separately within the BL. Also, the simultaneous flow of Casson (honey) and Walters-B fluids were considered flowing through the vertical porous plate to the BL.
Repairing the United Kingdom's Asylum System
Authors: Yeo Colin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe United Kingdom's asylum system for assessing and managing the processing of claims for international protection is widely perceived as fundamentally broken. For some its dysfunction lies in the numbers claiming asylum and the absence of control over their entry. For others the problems center on the danger that asylum seekers endure to reach the United Kingdom and the protracted and dehumanising nature of the process they endure. All can agree that the system is costing far too much at present due to the need to accommodate the very considerable number of asylum seekers awaiting a decision. The linked issues of delay and cost have now been substantially addressed. But there are new problems looming. These all revolve around dealing with the pathway to either integration or departure. Delays in the appeal system, lack of focus on voluntary and involuntary departures, misuse of detention spaces and improving the integration of refugees all need urgent attention.
Renewable energy transition and green productivity growth in sub‐Saharan African countries: A convergence analysis
Authors: Diallo Souleymane 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate change is one of the main issues facing countries in sub‐Saharan Africa. Improving green productivity is essential for transitioning to low‐carbon economies and mitigating climate change in this region. The existing literature does not emphasise the role of the energy transition in green productivity growth. Yet this analysis is important given the essential role of energy in the production process and the high endowment of renewable energy sources in the area. Thus, this paper contributes to the literature by examining the effect of the renewable energy transition on green productivity growth through a convergence analysis for 35 sub‐Saharan African countries from 2000 to 2020. The results of the logt test reveal the existence of three main convergence clubs in terms of green productivity. The first club with low productivity is made up of 23 countries, the second club with average productivity contains 8 countries, and the third club with high productivity comprises 3 countries, while 1 country is divergent. The renewable energy transition is a determining factor in the formation of these convergence clubs. Indeed, the results of the ordered logit regression show that an increase in the level of the renewable energy transition has a positive impact on the probability of countries joining convergence clubs with higher green productivity. Further analysis with the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) reveals that the critical threshold for renewable energy share in the energy mix that allows countries to converge globally toward the green productivity frontier in the long term is 32.63%. Regarding policy implications, the results highlight the need to encourage the renewable energy transition to increase green productivity in sub‐Saharan African countries. This could involve strengthening policies to promote investment in the sector (creation of green funds and/or tax incentives) and subsidies for renewable energy consumption.
Genome‐wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of the tetraspanin gene family in lepidopteran insects and expression profiling analysis in Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Zhang Yinuo , Guan Fang , He Ya‐Zhou , Wu Yidong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe tetraspanin gene family encodes cell‐surface proteins that span the membrane 4 times and play critical roles in a wide range of biological processes across numerous organisms. Recent findings highlight the involvement of a tetraspanin of the lepidopteran pest Helicoverpa armigera in resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry insecticidal proteins, which are extensively used in transgenic crops. Thus, a better understanding of lepidopteran tetraspanins is urgently needed. In the current study, genome scanning in 10 lepidopteran species identified a total of 283 sequences encoding potential tetraspanins. Based on conserved cysteine patterns in the large extracellular loop and their phylogenetic relationships, these tetraspanins were classified into 8 subfamilies (TspA to TspH). Six ancestral introns were identified within lepidopteran tetraspanin genes. Tetraspanins in TspA, TspB, TspC, and TspD subfamilies exhibit highly similar gene organization, while tetraspanins in the remaining 4 subfamilies exhibited variation in intron loss and/or gain during evolution. Analysis of chromosomal distribution revealed a lepidopteran‐specific cluster of 10 to 11 tetraspanins, likely formed by tandem duplication events. Selective pressure analysis indicated negative selection across all orthologous groups, with ω values ranging between 0.004 and 0.362. However, positive selection was identified at 18 sites within TspB5, TspC5, TspE3, and TspF10. Furthermore, spatiotemporal expression analysis of H. armigera tetraspanins demonstrated variable expression levels across different developmental stages and tissues, suggesting diverse functions of tetraspanin members in this globally important insect pest. Our findings establish a solid foundation for subsequent functional investigations of tetraspanins in lepidopteran species.
Environmental exposures, the oral–lung axis and respiratory health: The airway microbiome goes on stage for the personalized management of human lung function
Authors: Garmendia Junkal , Cebollero‐Rivas Pilar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe human respiratory system is constantly exposed to environmental stimuli, sometimes including toxicants, which can trigger dysregulated lung immune responses that lead to respiratory symptoms, impaired lung function and airway diseases. Evidence supports that the microbiome in the lungs has an indispensable role in respiratory health and disease, acting as a local gatekeeper that mediates the interaction between the environmental cues and respiratory health. Moreover, the microbiome in the lungs is intimately intertwined with the oral microbiome through the oral–lung axis. Here, we discuss the intricate three‐way relationship between (i) cigarette smoking, which has strong effects on the microbial community structure of the lung; (ii) microbiome dysbiosis and disease in the oral cavity; and (iii) microbiome dysbiosis in the lung and its causal role in patients suffering chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We highlight exciting outcomes arising from recently established interactions in the airway between environmental exposures, microbiome, metabolites–functional attributes and the host, as well as how these associations have the potential to predict the respiratory health status of the host through an airway microbiome health index. For completion, we argue that incorporating (synthetic) microbial community ecology in our contemporary understanding of lung disease presents challenges and also rises novel opportunities to exploit the oral–lung axis and its microbiome towards innovative airway disease diagnostics, prognostics, patient stratification and microbiota‐targeted clinical interventions in the context of current therapies.
Diversity of mycoparasitic Pythium sensu stricto and Globisporangium species in West Azarbaijan province of Iran
Authors: Rezaei Sevda , Abrinbana Masoud , Ghosta Youbert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPythium sensu stricto (s.s.) and Globisporangium species are important components of the soil microbial community and exhibit diverse lifestyles, including mycoparasitism. However, a comprehensive understanding of the species diversity of these mycoparasites in the West Azarbaijan province of Iran is lacking. In this study, a total of 114 mycoparasitic Pythium s.s. and Globisporangium isolates were obtained from agricultural soils collected from six regions in the province. Through DNA barcoding, all Globisporangium isolates were identified as G. nunn, while the barcode markers were insufficient to accurately resolve species boundaries in Pythium s.s. By combining morphological and multilocus sequence data, five species within the genus Pythium s.s. were identified: P. salmasense sp. nov., a potentially new species, and three known species, P. acanthicum, P. ornamentatum, and P. periplocum. Pythium ornamentatum was the most common species and found in all regions studied, followed by G. nunn and P. acanthicum, which were both isolated from four regions. While the isolates of G. nunn showed no mycoparasitic activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, all Pythium s.s. species were capable of infecting the hyphae of this pathogen. The existence of mycoparasitic species is promising for biological control of soil‐borne fungal pathogens in the province. The widespread occurrence of P. ornamentatum, G. nunn, and P. acanthicum may suggest their adaptation to local soil and environmental conditions, indicating their potentially superior effectiveness in controlling plant diseases across different regions if used as biocontrol agents.
An incentive‐based text‐messaging intervention to reduce maternal alcohol use during pregnancy and lactation in South Africa (MaRISA study): Findings from a single‐arm pilot study
Authors: Washio Yukiko , Erasmus‐Claassen Lesley‐Ann , Taylor Shantae N. , Zhang Zugui , Browne Felicia A. , Myers Bronwyn , Wechsberg Wendee M. , Parry Charles D. H. , Petersen Williams Petal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSouth Africa has the highest rate of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) globally. As with alcohol use during pregnancy, alcohol consumption while breastfeeding adversely impacts infant development. We pilot tested an incentive‐based text‐messaging intervention to reduce alcohol use during pregnancy and lactation in South Africa.MethodsA single‐arm pilot trial was conducted over 3 months in healthcare facilities in Cape Town, South Africa. Pregnant and breastfeeding participants tested positive for recent alcohol use by urinalysis. The three‐month intervention had two components, contingency management of alcohol abstinence confirmed by urinalysis twice weekly and weekly health‐related text messaging from an evidence‐based brief intervention. We collected twice weekly urine samples for measurement of ethyl glucuronide (EtG), an alcohol biomarker, and measures of self‐reported alcohol and drug use, violence exposure, and mental health at six weeks and three months post‐enrollment.ResultsSixty participants were enrolled, of whom 31 were pregnant and 29 lactating. The number of days with four or more drinks in the past month decreased from 9 days at baseline, on average, to 1–3 days (p‐value range: 0.144–0.010) at follow‐up timepoints. There were statistically significant increases in the proportions of participants with alcohol‐negative urine tests (p < 0.001). The percentages of participants breastfeeding while using alcohol decreased from baseline to the end of 3 months in the overall sample and among those enrolled postpartum, though these were not significant (p‐value range: 0.255–0.147). Maternal depression scores also decreased among participants enrolled postpartum (p = 0.054). Emotional abuse by the main partner, but neither physical nor sexual abuse, significantly decreased at both follow‐ups in the overall sample (p = 0.032) and among participants enrolled while pregnant (p = 0.015).ConclusionsThis study is among the first to pilot test an incentive‐based text‐messaging intervention for maternal alcohol use and other outcomes such as depression and violence exposure. Further testing is warranted in a well‐powered, randomized controlled trial.
Gross morphology and morphometry of native and decellularized heart valves of caprine: A comparative study
Authors: Sarma S. A. V. Manikanta , Pathak Devendra , Singh Opinder , Uppal Varinder , Mohindroo Jitender , Choudhary Ratan Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe gross morphological examination of native caprine heart valves revealed distinctive structural characteristics of the caprine's cardiac anatomy. Four primary orifices were identified, each protected by thin, valve‐like structures. Atrioventricular orifices featured tricuspid and bicuspid valves, while the aorta and pulmonary arteries were guarded by semilunar valves. Within the atrioventricular apparatus, distinct features were observed including the tricuspid valve's three leaflets and the bicuspid valve's anterior and posterior leaflets. Ultrasonography provided insights into valve thickness and chordae tendineae lengths. Morphometric studies compared leaflets/cusps within individual native valves, showcasing significant variations in dimensions. Comparative analysis between native and decellularized valves highlighted the effects of decellularization on leaflet thickness and chordae tendineae lengths. Decellularized valves exhibited reduced dimensions compared to native valves, indicating successful removal of cellular components. While some dimensions remained unchanged post‐decellularization, significant reductions were observed in leaflet thicknesses and chordae tendineae lengths. Notably, semilunar valve cusps displayed varying responses to decellularization, with significant reductions in cusp lengths observed in the aortic valve, while the pulmonary valve exhibited more subtle changes. These findings underscore the importance of understanding structural alterations in heart valves post‐decellularization, providing valuable insights for tissue engineering applications and regenerative medicine.
Antiglobalization sentiment: Exposure and immobility
Authors: Bisbee James , Rosendorff B. Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndividuals with heightened labor market insecurity express more protectionist, xenophobic, and isolationist sentiment. We construct a novel measure of labor market insecurity that combines an individual's industry‐based exposure to import competition with an occupation‐based measure of job immobility. Immobility captures the similarity of an individual's job to others in the economy, weighted by their prevalence. The holder of a job that is dissimilar to others in the industry or in the state experiences more anxiety regarding their labor market prospects in the face of a globalization shock, and is more likely to express antiglobalization sentiment.
Letter: Shifting focus—FromChatGPTto specialised medicalLLMs: Authors' reply
Authors: Giuffrè Mauro , Kresevic Simone , You Kisung , Dupont Johannes , Huebner Jack , Grimshaw Alyssa Ann , Shung Dennis Legen 
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Giuffrè et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18058andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18121.
Body morphometry may predict parastomal hernia following radical cystectomy with ileal conduit
Authors: Lone Zaeem , Shin David , Nowacki Amy , Campbell Rebecca A. , Haile Eiftu , Wood Andrew , Harris Kyle , Ellis Ryan , Eltemamy Mohammed , Haywood Samuel C. , Kaouk Jihad , Campbell Steven C. , Weight Christopher J. , Haber Georges‐Pascal , Miller Benjamin , Petro Clayton , Beffa Lucas , Prabhu Ajita , Rosen Michael , Remer Erick M. , Almassi Nima 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate whether preoperative body morphometry analysis can identify patients at risk of parastomal hernia (PH), which is a common complication after radical cystectomy (RC).Patients and MethodsAll patients who underwent RC between 2010 and 2020 with available cross‐sectional imaging preoperatively and at 1 and 2 years postoperatively were included. Skeletal muscle mass and total fat mass (FM) were determined from preoperative axial computed tomography images obtained at the level of the L3 vertebral body using Aquarius Intuition software. Sarcopenia and obesity were assigned based on consensus definitions of skeletal muscle index (SMI) and FM index (FMI). PH were graded using both the Moreno‐Matias and European Hernia Society criteria. Binary logistic regression and recursive partitioning were used to identify patients at risk of PH. The Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank and Cox proportional hazards models included clinical and image‐based parameters to identify predictors of PH‐free survival.ResultsA total of 367 patients were included in the final analysis, with 159 (43%) developing a PH. When utilising binary logistic regression, high FMI (odds ratio [OR] 1.63, P < 0.001) and low SMI (OR 0.96, P = 0.039) were primary drivers of risk of PH. A simplified model that only relied upon FMI, SMI, and preoperative albumin improved the classification of patients at risk of PH. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients who were obese or obese and sarcopenic had significantly worse PH‐free survival (P < 0.001).ConclusionBody morphometry analysis identified FMI and SMI to be the most consistent predictors of PH after RC.
5G implementation and multi‐level governance: The case of Quebec municipalities
Authors: Diaz Jérémy , Breux Sandra , Mascaro Nathan , Cloutier Marie‐Soleil 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMunicipalities are often considered to be places of innovation. However, certain issues, such as 5G, suggest that the municipal level of government is hampered by challenges. In this article, we present the results of a survey of 220 respondents from 54 different municipalities of various sizes, alongside a media press review. We show that 5G is indicative of the challenges pertaining to multi‐level governance, the presence of a significant information deficit as well as the clout of the private sector in public planning. These findings call on us to examine municipal governance and the relevance of creating intermunicipal cooperation.