bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of lumboperitoneal shunts with the Strata NSC valve: a single-center experience
Authors: Toma Ahmed K. , Dherijha Muhammad , Kitchen Neil D. , Watkins Laurence D. 
Published: July 2010

Object
The lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt with the adjustable PS Medical Strata NSC LP valve and small lumen peritoneal catheter was introduced in the authors' unit in 2007. The object of this study was to audit the unit's experience with this new shunt system.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of the clinical records of patients who underwent Strata NSC LP shunt insertion. Demographic and clinical data as well as information about complications and revisions were reported.

Results
Between August 2007 and November 2009, 20 patients underwent placement of an LP shunt with an adjustable Strata NSC valve and small lumen peritoneal catheter at the authors' institution. Their mean age was 40.3 years and the mean duration of follow-up was 12 months. Preoperatively, 18 patients had headache and 15 patients had visual signs and symptoms. Fourteen of the 18 patients with preoperative headache did not complain of headache postoperatively, and 4 had headache that was found not to be related to shunt function. Two of the patients with preoperative visual complaints had ongoing visual problems postoperatively. None of the patients had infection or subdural hematoma. The only overdrainage symptoms occurred in association with spontaneous readjustment of the valve and resolved when the valve was reset.
Thirteen patients (65%) did not require shunt revision. Seven patients (35%) required 13 shunt exploration or revision procedures, mainly due to distal obstruction. Placement of an LP shunt failed to completely resolve the raised intracranial pressure problem in 2 patients.

Conclusions
The use of the Strata NSC valve and small lumen peritoneal catheter is effective in treating pseudotumor cerebri and is beneficial in terms of markedly reducing overdrainage complications compared with other reported series of cases in which an LP shunt has been placed. However, the use of the Strata NSC valve and small lumen peritoneal catheter did not have a marked impact on other causes of shunt failure, particularly distal obstruction.
Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in perimesencephalic and nonperimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown origin
Authors: Maslehaty Homajoun , Petridis Athanassios K. , Barth Harald , Mehdorn Hubertus Maximilian 
Published: July 2010

Object
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MR imaging in perimesencephalic (PM) and nonperimesencephalic (non-PM) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) of unknown origin.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with SAH (1226 patients) in their department between January 1991 and December 2008. Included in the study were cases of spontaneous SAH diagnosed using CT scans obtained within 24 hours of the initial symptoms and initially negative digital subtraction (DS) angiograms. Patients with traumatic SAH and an unknown history were excluded from the study. Patients with initially negative DS angiograms were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, a typically PM bleeding pattern (PM SAH); and Group 2, a non-PM bleeding pattern (non-PM SAH) such as hemorrhage in the sylvian or interhemispheric fissure. Cranial MR imaging including the craniocervical region was performed within 72 hours after SAH was diagnosed in all patients in Groups 1 and 2.

Results
One thousand sixty-eight patients underwent DS angiography, and among them were 179 (16.7%) with negative angiograms—47 patients (26.3%) from Group 1 and 132 patients (73.7%) from Group 2. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no bleeding sources in any case (100% negative). Thirty-four patients in Group 1 and 120 patients in Group 2 underwent a second DS angiography study. Digital subtraction angiography revealed an aneurysm as the bleeding source in 1 case in Group 1 and in 13 cases in Group 2.

Conclusions
Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and craniocervical region did not produce additional benefit for the detection of a bleeding source and the therapy administered for PM SAH and non-PM SAH (100% negative). The costs of this examination exceeded the clinical value. Despite the results of this study, MR imaging should be discussed on a case-by-case basis because rare bleeding sources are periodically diagnosed in cases of non-PM SAH. A second-look DS angiogram is necessary because aneurysmal hemorrhage occasionally produces PM SAH as well as non-PM SAH. Further prospective studies are needed to verify the authors' results in the future.
The Influence of Bicarbonate/Lactate-Buffered PD Fluids on Nε-(Carboxyethyl)Lysine and Nε-(Carboxymethyl)Lysine in Peritoneal Effluent
Authors: Cnossen Trijntje T. , Gladziwa Ulrich , Van De Kerkhof Jos J. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Scheijen Jean , Van Amersfoort Jolanda , Moret Karin , Beerenhout Charles H. , Kooman Jeroen P. 
Published: July 2010

Objective Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of peritoneal membrane dysfunction. As glycoxidation may play an important role in AGE formation, peritoneal dialysis fluids with low levels of glucose degradation products (GDPs) might result in a reduction in AGE concentration in the peritoneal effluent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of conventional glucose-containing dialysis solutions and low GDP level fluids on the concentration of the AGEs Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) in peritoneal effluent. Design Prospective randomized control study. Methods 23 patients were treated with either conventional glucose-containing fluid ( n = 11, group A) or low level GDP fluid ( n = 12, group B) during a period of 12 weeks. Before and after this period, CML and CEL were measured in peritoneal effluent. Results In groups A and B there were changes in CML concentrations [respectively 13.7 ± 17.0 and -16.0 ± 46.0 nmol/L (NS)] and CEL concentrations (respectively 20.3 ± 26.6 and -8.8 ± 18.9 nmol/L, p = 0.015). Residual renal function (RRF) in groups A and B was, respectively, 6.8 and 6.1 mL/min (NS). CML, but not CEL, in the peritoneal effluent was inversely related to RRF ( r = -0.67, p < 0.05). Conclusion CEL, but not CML, in the peritoneal effluent appears to be influenced by the prescription of low GDP level fluid, probably due to the highly reduced concentration of methylglyoxal, which is needed for formation of CEL. CML is primarily influenced by RRF.
Academic Integrity in an Online Registered Nurse to Baccalaureate in Nursing Program
Authors: Hart Leigh , Morgan Lesley 
Published: July 2010

Background:
The number of nursing programs offering online courses continues to expand. This is a relatively new method of instruction that has not been extensively evaluated. Academic integrity in the online classroom is one area of concern. This study compared academic integrity in both an online and a traditional classroom registered nurse to baccalaureate in nursing (RN-BSN) program.

Methods:
A comparative descriptive design was used to evaluate academic integrity in the two RN-BSN cohorts.

Results:
The traditional classroom RN-BSN students reported higher levels of cheating compared with the online students. Self-reported cheating behaviors were higher among younger students in the traditional classroom.

Conclusion:
This study did not support contemporary concerns that cheating is more prevalent in online courses.
Measurement of Intraocular Pressure with Pressure Phosphene Tonometry in Children
Authors: Fan Dorothy S. P. , Chiu Thomas Y. H. , Congdon Nathan , Chan Jeffrey C. W. , Cheung Eva Y. Y. , Lam Dennis S. C. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To study the accuracy and acceptability of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by the pressure phosphene tonometer, non-contact tonometer, and Goldmann tonometer in children.

Methods:
Fifty children (5 to 14 years old) participated in this prospective comparative study. IOP was measured with the pressure phosphene tonometer, non-contact tonometer, and Goldmann tonometer by three different examiners who were masked to the results. The children were also asked to grade the degree of discomfort from 0 to 5 (0 = no discomfort; 5 = most discomfort).

Results:

The mean IOPs measured by the Goldmann tonometer, pressure phosphene tonometer, and non-contact tonometer were 15.9 mm Hg (standard deviation [SD]: = 5.5 mm Hg; range: 10 to 36 mm Hg), 16.0 mm Hg (SD: 2.9 mm Hg; range: 12 to 25 mm Hg), and 15.7 mm Hg (SD = 5.1 mm Hg; range: 8 to 32 mm Hg), respectively (
P
= .722). The mean difference between pressure phosphene tonometer and Goldmann tonometer readings was 2.9 mm Hg and that between non-contact tonometer and Goldmann tonometer readings was 2.1 mm Hg. The 95% confidence interval of the mean difference between pressure phosphene tonometer and Goldmann tonometer readings was −1.07 and 1.19, and that between non-contact tonometer and Goldmann tonometer readings was −1.07 and 0.53. The mean discomfort ratings for the pressure phosphene tonometer, non-contact tonometer, and Goldmann tonometer were 0.6, 2.0, and 2.3, respectively (
P
< .001).

Conclusion:
Although the pressure phosphene tonometer was less accurate than the non-contact tonometer compared with Goldmann tonometer, it gave a reasonably close estimate and had a high specificity of raised IOP. In addition, measurement by the pressure phosphene tonometer is most acceptable to children. The pressure phosphene tonometer can be considered as an alternative method of IOP measurement in children.
Glaucoma Following Infantile Cataract Surgery
Authors: Saltzmann Robert M. , Weakley David R. , Aggarwal Nalini K. , Whitson Jess T. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To examine incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of glaucoma following infantile cataract extraction.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent cataract extraction between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 2006, at the Children’s Medical Center in Dallas.

Results:

Sixty-four eyes met inclusion criteria, of which 11 eyes (17.2%) developed glaucoma during a mean follow-up of 65.1 ± 4.3 months. Age younger than 3 months at cataract diagnosis (odds ratio 4.89,
P
= .05) or cataract extraction (odds ratio 4.4,
P
= .047) and the presence of anterior chamber anomalies (odds ratio 8.0,
P
= .01) were the only risk factors found to have statistical significance for the development of glaucoma. Eight of 11 eyes with glaucoma (72.2%) required at least one surgical intervention. Three of 10 eyes (30%) had a final best-corrected visual acuity below 20/400 and another 4 eyes (40%) demonstrated some degree of amblyopia.

Conclusion:
Despite modern microsurgical techniques, infantile cataract surgery continues to pose a risk of secondary glaucoma. This was particularly true when cataract was diagnosed and/or extracted in patients younger than 3 months of age. Most eyes that developed glaucoma required surgical management and visual outcomes continue to be poor in this group.
Microstructural Characteristics of an AZ91 Matrix‐Glassy Carbon Particle Composite
Authors: Olszówka‐Myalska Anita , Myalski Jerzy , Botor‐Probierz Agnieszka 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a microstructural investigation of a new type of ultralight glassy carbon particles (Cp)‐AZ91 magnesium alloy matrix composite manufactured by the powder metallurgy method. Glassy Cp with unmodified surfaces and surfaces modified with SiO2 amorphous nanocoating were used in the experiment. The composite microstructure, with an emphasis given on the interface, was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), TEM, and HRTEM microscopy. Uniform distribution of the particles in the matrix and their good bonding with the metal matrix were observed. A continuous very thin MgO oxide layer containing needle‐like Al2MgO4 phase was detected at the glassy carbon–AZ91 interface. An increase of aluminum concentration at the interface as a result of Mg and Al diffusion into the SiO2 nanolayer was observed in the case of particles modified with SiO2. Crystalline phases containing carbon were not detected at the interface.
High Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Silver Monodispersed Nanoparticles Embedded in a Glassy Matrix
Authors: Esteban‐Tejeda Leticia , Malpartida Francisco , Pecharromán Carlos , Moya Jose Serafin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSilver doped glass powders have been obtained starting from vitellinate/nAg and montmorillonite/nAg. These powders have shown a high biocide activity against the three different types of microorganisms studied: Escherichia coli (gram‐negative bacteria), Micrococcus luteus (gram‐positive‐bacteria), and Issatchenkia orientalis (yeast). It was found that these glasses keep constant the silver concentration even below the cytotoxic limit. Therefore we interpret that silver doped glasses play the role of dosing devices.
Quantitative Chemical Mapping of Relevant Trace Elements at Biomaterials/Biological Media Interfaces by Ion Beam Methods
Authors: Jallot Edouard , Raissle Olivier , Soulie Jeremy , Lao Jonathan , Guibert Geoffroy , Nedelec Jean‐Marie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe definition of biomaterial as proposed by the European Society for Biomaterials in 1986 puts forward the overall importance of the notion of contact between the biomaterial and biological medium (cell, tissue, fluid,…). The underlying concept of biocompatibility makes the interface between biomaterial and biological medium a privileged zone of interest. In this paper, we would like to give an exhaustive view of how ion beams techniques can contribute to a better understanding of such interface taking several examples dealing with bone tissue substitution. After a short presentation of ion beams techniques the paper will focus on PIXE/RBS spectroscopies and will give the basics of these coupled technique. Three examples will then be presented to illustrate the interest of these techniques to study biomaterials/biological interactions. The first example deals with metallic alloys based joint prostheses. The ionic release from the prosthesis and the wear behavior of total knee prostheses will be presented. In the last two examples, bioactive materials will be studied. The common characteristic of bioactive ceramics is the kinetic modification of their surface upon interaction which is ideally monitored by PIXE chemical mapping. The second example will review the benefit of using PIXE/RBS technique to study the effect of doping of bioactive glasses on the very first steps involved in the bioactivity mechanisms like dissolution, ionic release, and biomineralization onto the surface of the glasses. Finally, protein delivery systems based upon mesoporous hydroxyapatites will be studied. Chemical mapping allowing the quantitative determination of protein distribution inside the HAp grains will be presented for the first time.
Co‐Cultures of Primary Cells on Self‐Supporting Nanoporous Alumina Membranes
Authors: Hoess Andreas , Thormann Annika , Friedmann Andrea , Aurich Hendryk , Heilmann Andreas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDue to their unique properties, self‐supporting nanoporous aluminum oxide (alumina) membranes are useful substrates for the indirect co‐cultivation of cells. The membrane can act as a physical barrier between different cell types, whereas the cell‐to‐cell communication is guaranteed by the diffusion of soluble molecules or factors through the pores. With the help of such membranes the mRNA expression of hepatic genes can be induced in human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) during an indirect co‐cultivation with primary mouse hepatocytes under different culture conditions. This proof of concept shows that such a cultivation approach is beneficial for different issues in the field tissue engineering or cell therapy.
Inkjet‐Printed Single‐Droplet Organic Transistors Based on Semiconductor Nanowires Embedded in Insulating Polymers
Authors: Lim Jung Ah , Kim Joo‐Hyun , Qiu Longzhen , Lee Wi Hyoung , Lee Hwa Sung , Kwak Donghoon , Cho Kilwon 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFabrication of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) using a high‐throughput printing process has garnered tremendous interest for realizing low‐cost and large‐area flexible electronic devices. Printing of organic semiconductors for active layer of transistor is one of the most critical steps for achieving this goal. The charge carrier transport behavior in this layer, dictated by the crystalline microstructure and molecular orientations of the organic semiconductor, determines the transistor performance. Here, it is demonstrated that an inkjet‐printed single‐droplet of a semiconducting/insulating polymer blend holds substantial promise as a means for implementing direct‐write fabrication of organic transistors. Control of the solubility of the semiconducting component in a blend solution can yield an inkjet‐printed single‐droplet blend film characterized by a semiconductor nanowire network embedded in an insulating polymer matrix. The inkjet‐printed blend films having this unique structure provide effective pathways for charge carrier transport through semiconductor nanowires, as well as significantly improve the on‐off current ratio and the environmental stability of the printed transistors.
Speed of sound in an optical lattice
Authors: Koinov Z. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA system of equal mixture of 6Li atomic Fermi gas of two hyperfine states loaded into a cubic three‐dimensional optical lattice is studied assuming a negative scattering length (BCS side of the Feshbach resonance). When the interaction is attractive, fermionic atoms can pair and form a superfluid. The dispersion of the phonon‐like mode and the speed of sound in the long‐wavelength limit are obtained by solving the Bethe‐Salpeter equations for the collective modes of the attractive Hubbard Hamiltonian.
Sortase transpeptidases: Insights into mechanism, substrate specificity, and inhibition
Authors: Clancy Kathleen W. , Melvin Jeffrey A. , McCafferty Dewey G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGram‐positive bacteria pose a serious healthcare threat. The growing antibiotic resistance epidemic creates a dire need for new antibiotic targets. The sortase family of enzymes is a promising target for antimicrobial therapy. This review covers the current knowledge of the mechanism, substrate specificity, and inhibitory studies of the Gram‐positive bacter a enzyme sortase. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 385–396, 2010.
Ultra scale‐down stress analysis of the bioprocessing of whole human cells as a basis for cancer vaccines
Authors: Acosta‐Martinez J.P. , Papantoniou I. , Lawrence K. , Ward S. , Hoare M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study examines the use of a capillary shear device for the rapid characterization of human cell lines in terms of their resistance to hydrodynamic stress. An ultra scale‐down (USD) approach is presented to allow the use of small quantities of cells available at the early discovery stage and to expose them to a wide range of hydrodynamic stresses. In this way an indication is gained of the relative properties of different cell lines and the challenge which may be faced during full‐scale processing. A design of experiments approach allowed the interaction between a number of key processing factors such as capillary length, flow rate, and number of passes to be studied in a limited number of experiments. Out of this an USD test based on flow rate in a device of fixed geometry was proposed. Based on observations made elsewhere (Ma et al., 2002, Biotechnol Bioeng 80(4): 428–437) a detailed analysis of possible geometries was performed using a combination of USD experiments and computational fluid dynamics analysis of the capillary entry region. This allowed the properties of the cells to be characterized in terms of a critical stress below which there is no significant loss of cell integrity. The results suggested that the OnyCap23 and P4E6 cell lines, used as components of a whole cell prostate cancer vaccine, are resistant to damage below critical elongational shear stress values of 235 and 275 N/m2, respectively. Above these stress values the loss of intact cells is predicted to be significant; such loss being due to a combination of whole cells becoming permeable to trypan blue and complete breakage of cells into debris at extreme stresses. The sensitivity of cell surface markers CD9, CD44, CD59, CD81, CD147, and MHC‐1 to exposure to shear stress was considerably less than for cell membrane integrity. The surface marker levels for recovered whole cells (i.e., both with and without intact cell membranes) were either independent of shear stress or showed a slight decrease with increased shear stress, for example, as for CD9. The results were used to predict successfully a capillary design where no damage would occur at a specified high flow rate; for example, as required for cell dispensing or vialling operations. Equally, the extent of loss of cell integrity was also successfully predicted in a capillary flow system designed to yield high levels of break up as may be required in intracellular analysis without the use of chemical lysing reagents or relying on autolytic damage. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 953–963. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational Comparison of the Reactions of Substituted Amines with CO2
Authors: Mindrup Elaine M. , Schneider William F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSubstituted amines are a popular choice as molecules to selectively react with and separate CO2 from gas mixtures. Such separations are of particular interest, for example, for CO2 separations for carbon capture and sequestration. It is desirable to tune amine–CO2 reaction energies to suit a particular separation. Herein, we use DFT‐B3LYP simulations to characterize the products and energetics of reactions of CO2 with a range of substituted amines, considering both 1:1 and 2:1 amine/CO2 reaction stoichiometries. The results show that by adjusting both the nature and the placement of functional groups, it is possible to tune reaction energies over a substantial range. Decomposition of the 2:1 reaction into separate carbamate and ammonium formation steps shows that the Brønsted basicity and Lewis basicity towards CO2 are largely uncorrelated and provide an independent means of tuning the overall reaction energies.
Targeting of LcrV virulence protein from Yersinia pestis to dendritic cells protects mice against pneumonic plague
Authors: Do Yoonkyung , Koh Hyein , Park Chae Gyu , Dudziak Diana , Seo Patrick , Mehandru S. , Choi Jae‐Hoon , Cheong Cheolho , Park Steven , Perlin David S. , Powell Bradford S. , Steinman Ralph M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo help design needed new vaccines for pneumonic plague, we targeted the Yersinia pestis LcrV protein directly to CD8α+ DEC‐205+ or CD8α− DCIR2+ DC along with a clinically feasible adjuvant, poly IC. By studying Y. pestis in mice, we could evaluate the capacity of this targeting approach to protect against a human pathogen. The DEC‐targeted LcrV induced polarized Th1 immunity, whereas DCIR2‐targeted LcrV induced fewer CD4+ T cells secreting IFN‐γ, but higher IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10, and IL‐13 production. DCIR‐2 targeting elicited higher anti‐LcrV Ab titers than DEC targeting, which were comparable to a protein vaccine given in alhydrogel adjuvant, but the latter did not induce detectable T‐cell immunity. When DEC‐ and DCIR2‐targeted and F1‐V+ alhydrogel‐vaccinated mice were challenged 6 wk after vaccination with the virulent CO92 Y. pestis, the protection level and Ab titers induced by DCIR2 targeting were similar to those induced by F1‐V protein with alhydrogel vaccination. Therefore, LcrV targeting to DC elicits combined humoral and cellular immunity, and for the first time with this approach, also induces protection in a mouse model for a human pathogen.