bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mythe de l’ancien et perception du moderne chez Machiavel
Authors: Cutinelli Rendina Emanuele 
Published: June 2011

L’auteur de cet article propose une relecture inédite d’une vieille question machiavélienne, le rapport entre le modèle antique romain et les temps modernes corrompus, qu’il revisite à la lumière d’un troisième terme : le jugement de Machiavel sur la religion chrétienne. Emanuele Cutinelli Rendina développe ici l’hypothèse d’une césure dans la pensée de Machiavel, représentée par le début du deuxième livre des Discours sur la première Décade de Tite-Live. À partir des premiers chapitre du livre II, le modèle romain ne semble plus être actualisable : inconciliable avec un présent trop corrompu, l’idéal va devenir un mythe.
Le De regia sapientia de Botero et De la naissance, durée et chute des Estats de Lucinge
Authors: Baldini A. Enzo 
Published: June 2011

Dans le cadre d’une recherche plus vaste sur les origines françaises du débat italien sur la raison d’État à la fin du XVIe siècle, Enzo Baldini étudie les liens étroits des deux livres de Giovanni Botero et de René de Lucinge. L’auteur montre comment le dialogue que les deux hommes entretinrent durant les années 1580 fut décisif non seulement pour le traité que Lucinge consacra à la Naissance, durée et chute des Estats, mais aussi pour la réflexion de Botero sur la « raison par laquelle on gouverne un État ».
Regulation of Chemerin Chemoattractant and Antibacterial Activity by Human Cysteine Cathepsins
Authors: Kulig Paulina , Kantyka Tomasz , Zabel Brian A. , Banaś Magdalena , Chyra Agnieszka , Stefańska Anna , Tu Hua , Allen Samantha J. , Handel Tracy M. , Kozik Andrzej , Potempa Jan , Butcher Eugene C. , Cichy Joanna 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Chemerin, a ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor chemokine-like receptor 1, requires C-terminal proteolytic processing to unleash its chemoattractant activity. Proteolytically processed chemerin selectively attracts specific subsets of immunoregulatory APCs, including chemokine-like receptor 1-positive immature plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Chemerin is predicted to belong to the structural cathelicidin/cystatin family of proteins composed of antibacterial polypeptide cathelicidins and inhibitors of cysteine proteinases (cystatins). We therefore hypothesized that chemerin may interact directly with cysteine proteases, and that it might also function as an antibacterial agent. In this article, we show that chemerin does not inhibit human cysteine proteases, but rather is a new substrate for cathepsin (cat) K and L. cat K- and L-cleaved chemerin triggered robust migration of human blood-derived pDC ex vivo. Furthermore, cat K- and L-truncated chemerin also displayed antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae. Cathepsins may therefore contribute to host defense by activating chemerin to directly inhibit bacterial growth and to recruit pDC to sites of infection.
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Nav1.7 Maintains the Membrane Potential and Regulates the Activation and Chemokine-Induced Migration of a Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cell Subset
Authors: Kis-Toth Katalin , Hajdu Peter , Bacskai Ildiko , Szilagyi Orsolya , Papp Ferenc , Szanto Attila , Posta Edit , Gogolak Peter , Panyi Gyorgy , Rajnavolgyi Eva 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Expression of CD1a protein defines a human dendritic cell (DC) subset with unique functional activities. We aimed to study the expression of the Nav1.7 sodium channel and the functional consequences of its activity in CD1a− and CD1a+ DC. Single-cell electrophysiology (patch-clamp) and quantitative PCR experiments performed on sorted CD1a− and CD1a+ immature DC (IDC) showed that the frequency of cells expressing Na+ current, current density, and the relative expression of the SCN9A gene encoding Nav1.7 were significantly higher in CD1a+ cells than in their CD1a− counterparts. The activity of Nav1.7 results in a depolarized resting membrane potential (−8.7 ± 1.5 mV) in CD1a+ IDC as compared with CD1a− cells lacking Nav1.7 (−47 ± 6.2 mV). Stimulation of DC by inflammatory signals or by increased intracellular Ca2+ levels resulted in reduced Nav1.7 expression. Silencing of the SCN9A gene shifted the membrane potential to a hyperpolarizing direction in CD1a+ IDC, resulting in decreased cell migration, whereas pharmacological inhibition of Nav1.7 by tetrodotoxin sensitized the cells for activation signals. Fine-tuning of IDC functions by a voltage-gated sodium channel emerges as a new regulatory mechanism modulating the migration and cytokine responses of these DC subsets.
Cutting Edge: Dendritic Cell-Restricted Antigen Presentation Initiates the Follicular Helper T Cell Program but Cannot Complete Ultimate Effector Differentiation
Authors: Goenka Radhika , Barnett Lisa G. , Silver Jonathan S. , O’Neill Patrick J. , Hunter Christopher A. , Cancro Michael P. , Laufer Terri M. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Follicular helper T (TFH) cells are critical for germinal center (GC) formation. The processes that drive their generation and effector potential remain unclear. In this study, we define requirements for MHC class II APCs in murine TFH cell formation by either transiently ablating or restricting Ag presentation to dendritic cells (DCs). We find that cognate interactions with DCs are necessary and sufficient to prime CD4+ T cells toward a CXCR5+ICOS+Bcl6+ TFH cell intermediate. However, in the absence of additional APCs, these TFH cells fail to produce IL-21. Furthermore, in vitro priming of naive T cells by B cells engenders optimal production of IL-21, which induces a GC B cell transcriptional profile. These results support a multistep model for effector TFH cell priming and GC initiation, in which DCs are necessary and sufficient to induce a TFH cell intermediate that requires additional interactions with distinct APCs for full effector function.
Effect of Molybdenum on the Pitting Resistance of Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5Mox Alloys in Chloride Solutions
Authors: Chou Y.L. , Yeh J.W. , Shih H.C. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The effect of Mo from 25°C to 80°C on the pitting corrosion of the Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5Mox alloys in chloride solutions was investigated. The values of critical pitting temperature (CPT) for the Mo-free alloy in 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 M sodium chloride (NaCl) are 80, 50, 30, and below 25°C, respectively. The values of CPT increase with the increase of Mo content, indicating that the pitting susceptibility to alloys decreases by increasing the content of Mo.
Ultrasound biomicroscopy findings in fireworks-related blunt eye injuries
Authors: Mohammadi Seyed-Farzad , Zandian Mehdi , Fakhraie Ghasem , Majdi Mercede , Tabatabai Seyed-Ali , Rahnama Azadeh , Lashay Alireza 
Published: June 2011

Purpose To present ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) findings and their clinical correlations in people with optically hazy media after injury at the Persian Wednesday Eve fireworks festival. Methods Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed on a series of 32 eyes with severe closed-globe injuries by P40 ultrasound biomicroscope. Results The median age of the participants was 19 years, and 81.3% were male. All but one had gross hyphema. Seventy-five percent had an extension of the injury (at least) to Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology zone II. Ultrasound biomicroscopy detected 3 more iridodialyses and 10 more cyclodialyses in addition to the respective 5 and 3 that were diagnosed clinically. Ten cases of angle recession were observed, and 5 were suggestive of subluxation of the crystalline lens. Two cases were suspected for anterior segment intraocular foreign body on clinical examination, but UBM and computed tomography scanning together ruled out such a diagnosis. Conclusions Our study showed the value of UBM in the assessment of severely contused eyes and hyphema. It made possible evaluation for dialyses and recessions at presentation. Ultrasound biomicroscopy illustrated diverse subclinical disruptions in clinically invisible anterior segment structures.
Intrinsically Ductile Failure in a Nanocrystalline Beta Titanium Alloy
Authors: Xu Wei , Figueiredo Roberto B. , Wu Xiaolin , Pauly Simon , Stoica Mihai , Eckert Jürgen , Langdon Terence G. , Xia Kenong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA nanocrystalline bcc Ti67.4Nb24.6Zr5Sn3 alloy is shown to fracture in an intrinsically ductile manner with exceptionally large dimples (up to 10 µm) which are two orders of magnitude greater than the grain size (≈ 40 nm). This large plasticity length scale is attributed to a combination of low shear modulus (≈ 27 GPa), high Poisson's ratio (≈ 0.4) and ultrahigh strength (UTS ≈ 1.1 GPa), close to the ideal shear stress, which facilitates ideal shear deformation to promote transgranular shear.
A Three‐Layered Osteochondral Plug: Structural, Mechanical, and in vitro Biocompatibility Analysis
Authors: Aydin Halil Murat 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study aims to produce an osteochondral plug with three distinct layers resembling the naturally occurring cartilage, tidemark, and subchondral zones, for the regeneration of defects of articular cartilage. The bone layer is constructed from a PLLA/PCL polymeric blend using a dual‐porogen approach. The pore surfaces are coated with type‐I collagen and hydroxyapatite. The upper layer, made of PGA nonwoven felt, is combined with the lower using a polymeric blend with a pigment for better visualization during implantation. Vertical channels are formed from the bottom layer to the upper border of the tidemark to facilitate the delivery of stem cells and blood from the bone marrow when implanted. The Young's modulus of the osteochondral plugs is 94.5 ± 9.42 kPa. Cell‐culture studies confirm the biocompatibility.
Iron Oxide Nanotubes for Magnetically Guided Delivery and pH‐Activated Release of Insoluble Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Yue Zhan‐Guo , Wei Wei , You Zuo‐Xiang , Yang Qin‐Zheng , Yue Hua , Su Zhi‐Guo , Ma Guang‐Hui 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLow solubility in water is an intrinsic property of many drugs, which hinders the clinical use of those active ingredients. To break this bottleneck, we attempt to develop an iron oxide nanoparticle‐based multifunctional system. Firstly, we perform PEG coating and compare the feasibility of spherical and rod‐like iron oxide nanoparticles in a view of carcinoma cellular uptake; rod‐like nanoparticles attracted our interest since they could be quickly and massively internalized. For paclitaxel (PTX) loading, we next transform the nanorods into a tube structure by a hydrothermal method. The results show that drug crystals can be successfully loaded in the inner voids of these nanotubes (PMNTs) by controlling the crystallization process of PTX. The acquired nanocomplexes not only escape phagocytosis of macrophage cells by a PEG stealth effect, but also exhibit an increased cellular uptake with magnetic field exposure. In addition, this iron oxide‐based drug carrier possesses a low pH‐activated release profile, which would accelerate drug release in the carcinoma cells and minimize non‐specific drug release. Owing to these advantages, PMNTs promote the anticancer efficacy of PTX and clearly exhibit promising potential for using as high‐efficiency insoluble drug delivery system in clinical applications.
Evolution of Light Absorption and Emission Characteristics of Organic Perylene Nanoparticles through Hydrothermal Process: Application to Solar Cells
Authors: Cho Eun Hei , Kim Mi Suk , Park Dong Hyuk , Jung Hyunjung , Bang Joona , Kim Jeongyong , Joo Jinsoo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe evolution of the structural and optical characteristics of polymorphic organic perylene nanoparticles (NPs) is demonstrated by controlling the π–π interactions using a hydrothermal process. The light‐emission colors of the perylene NPs vary gradually from yellow to green to light blue with increasing hydrothermal temperature from 110 to 160 °C. An enhanced crystallinity of the NPs from 110 °C to a critical temperature Tc of 140 °C and a transition to the amorphous phase above Tc are observed. The evolution of the photo‐luminescence (PL) and optical‐absorption characteristics in terms of variations in the crystallinity and physical dimensions (size and shape) of the perylene NPs resulting from the hydrothermal process are analyzed. These results are confirmed by nanoscale PL measurements for single NPs using laser confocal microscopy. The photovoltaic characteristics of organic solar cells (OSCs) are improved through the use of the perylene NPs. It is found that the performance of the OSCs is strongly correlated with the optical‐absorption properties of the perylene NPs.
Enantioselective Vanadium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of 1,3‐Dithianes from Aldehydes and Ketones using β‐Amino Alcohol Derived Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Wu Yinuo , Mao Fei , Meng Fanchao , Li Xingshu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe asymmetric vanadium‐catalyzed oxidation of 1,3‐dithianes from aldehydes and ketones by β‐amino alcohol‐derived Schiff base ligands with two stereogenic centers was investigated. Using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant and the Schiff base 3b as a chiral ligand, a variety of 1,3‐dithianes derived from aldehydes were easily converted into the corresponding mono‐sulfoxides in good yields (81–88%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Additionally, 99% ee was obtained for the enantioselective vanadium‐catalyzed oxidation of the 1,3‐dithianes derived from ketones. We found a slight kinetic resolution when using a higher ratio of hydrogen peroxide during the oxidation of the aldehyde‐derived 1,3‐dithianes but not in the ketone‐derived 1,3‐dithianes.
Organocatalytic Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Formyl‐α‐hydroxyphosphonates
Authors: Perera Sandun , Naganaboina Vijaya Kumar , Wang Long , Zhang Bin , Guo Qunsheng , Rout Laxmidhar , Zhao Cong‐Gui 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe cross‐aldol reaction between enolizable aldehydes and α‐ketophosphonates was achieved for the first time by using 9‐amino‐9‐deoxy‐epi‐quinine as the catalyst. β‐Formyl‐α‐hydroxyphosphonates were obtained in high to excellent enantioselectivities. The reaction works especially well with acetaldehyde, which is a tough substrate for organocatalyzed cross‐aldol reactions. The products were demonstrated to have anticancer activities.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Highly Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Eight‐ to Ten‐Membered Lactones from Allenyl 3‐Oxoalkanoates and Organic Halides
Authors: Wan Baoqiang , Jia Guochen , Ma Shengming 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA highly chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective synthesis of eight‐ to ten‐membered lactones via the coupling cyclization of readily available allenyl 3‐oxoalkanoates and organic halides through an anti‐π‐allylic palladium intermediate is reported. The yields ranged from moderate to good.
A Mild Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling Reaction of Quinoline Carboxylates with Boronic Acids
Authors: Li Wenjie , Gao Joe J. , Zhang Yongda , Tang Wenjun , Lee Heewon , Fandrick Keith R. , Lu Bruce , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling between aryl carboxylates and boronic acids has been achieved for the first time by taking advantage of the enhanced reactivity of quinoline 4‐carboxylates. Also for the first time a Suzuki coupling reaction via a self‐activation of boronic acids without addition of base is described. The reactions proceed under mild conditions (25–65 °C) to give excellent yields, and a wide range of functionalities is tolerated.
Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Di‐α‐arylation of Acetic Acid Esters
Authors: Song Bingrui , Himmler Thomas , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA bimetallic palladium/copper catalyst system was found to effectively promote the diarylation of alkyl acetates with aryl halides under unprecedentedly mild conditions. The phenanthroline‐copper‐phosphine catalyst stabilizes the enolate intermediate to the extent that the deprotonation of esters can be achieved even with the mild base potassium phosphate. The palladium tri‐tert‐butylphosphine co‐catalyst mediates the coupling of the resulting copper enolate with a wide variety of aryl halides with selective formation of the corresponding diarylacetic acid esters.
Facile Construction of Oxa‐Aza Spirobicycles via a Tandem Carbon‐Hydrogen Bond Oxidation
Authors: Sun Yi , Gan Jianhong , Fan Renhua 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn efficient method to construct oxa‐aza spirobicycles via an iodine(III)‐mediated tandem carbon‐hydrogen bond oxidation with the combination of iodobenzene diacetate and tetrabutylammonium iodide is reported.
On packed column hydraulics
Authors: Hanley Brian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPacked columns are normally operated countercurrently in the vapor‐continuous regime. At specific combinations of liquid and vapor loads these columns flood. This article proposes that flooding is a form of second order (or “continuous”) phase transition from vapor‐continuous to liquid‐continuous operation. Thus, flooding is unambiguously defined to be the set of those vapor/liquid flow combinations, {CL, CSf}, that cause a liquid cluster to form that spans the diameter of column. These statements imply that a law of corresponding hydraulic states exists for packed columns. By this, we mean that sets of {CL, CS, (Δp/Z)2ϕ} data taken with a specific packing and a specific vapor/liquid system exhibit a significant collapse when they are renormalized to {fL, (Δp/ρLgZ)2ϕ} (where fLis the fractional approach to flood at constant liquid load). The renormalized dataset then applies to any vapor/liquid system using that particular packing. Renormalization thus forms the basis of a method for predicting column pressure drops and flood points for any column using the particular packing being studied. We demonstrate how the renormalization procedure is carried out by analyzing readily available air/water data for a number of different packings. We then show that a version of the Wallis equation can be used to correlate packed column flooding data successfully. Further, we demonstrate that the variation of the Wallis parameters with the equivalent diameters of packings in a geometrically similar family leads to a complete characterization of the effects of the physical properties of liquid on the flooding locus for these packings through the Bond number. This last result is a direct result of generalized homogeneity considerations. Finally, we show that there exists an even more general formulation of the law of corresponding hydraulic states that applies to all packings regardless of type, size, or material of construction. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 1671–1682, 2012
Crystal shape modification through cycles of dissolution and growth: Attainable regions and experimental validation
Authors: Lovette Michael A. , Muratore Matteo , Doherty Michael F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe impact of particle shape on end‐use efficacy and downstream processing efficiency has driven industrial and academic efforts to control/manipulate the shapes obtained by crystallization. Strategies for controlling crystal shape have focused primarily on chemical routes; with shapes optimized through either solvent selection or the use of growth inhibiting additives. However, the chemical design space for crystallization may be limited, and/or the additional separation and purification steps required to remove additives or engineered solvents may be uneconomical. The application of cycles of dissolution and growth as a means for attaining desired crystal shapes is examined. A dynamic model for determining the shapes that can be attained by cycling is developed, and the results of proof of concept experiments performed using adipic acid and paracetamol are presented. The predictions obtained using the dynamic model were shown to be in good agreement with the results from the paracetamol experiments. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Sherwood number in flow through parallel porous plates (Microchannel) due to pressure and electroosmotic flow
Authors: Vennela Nallapusa , Mondal Sourav , De Sirshendu , Bhattacharjee Subir 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn expression for Sherwood number is developed from first principles for combined pressure‐driven and electroosmotic flow in a porous rectangular microchannel. This quantifies the mass transfer of an electrically neutral solute in the microchannel and is useful for designing microfluidic devices and porous media flows. The convective‐diffusive species balance equation, coupled with the velocity field, is solved within the mass transfer boundary layer utilizing similarity method. From the simulations, it is observed that the Sherwood number increases as the electric double layer near the channel wall becomes more compact (as manifested through a decrease in the Debye length), and it reaches a constant value around the scaled Debye length of 40. The Sherwood number becomes constant at higher Debye lengths as electrokinetic effects become negligible. A detailed analysis of dependence of Reynolds number, dimensionless permeation velocity, ratio of driving force and scaled Debye length on Sherwood number is presented. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 1693–1703, 2012
A case study of product engineering: Performance of microencapsulated perfumes on textile applications
Authors: Teixeira Miguel A. , Rodríguez Oscar , Rodrigues Sofia , Martins Isabel , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe evaluation of the performance of new products to be released on the market is essential to measure its acceptability by consumers. In this work, the performance of an added‐value product, microencapsulated perfumes applied on textiles for man suits, was predicted and evaluated. The odor intensity and character of the perfume ingredients was measured by headspace gas chromatography after dry cleaning and abrasion tests on textiles impregnated with microcapsules. The evaporation and diffusion of the fragrances in the encapsulated perfume was assessed. For this type of application, limonene has shown a better performance in the perfume mixture, being the dominant note over time and distance. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 1939–1950, 2012
Bridging the gap between Graetz's and lévêque's analyses for mass/heat transfer in a channel with uniform concentration or flux at the wall
Authors: Lopes João P. , Cardoso Silvana S.S. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA new approximate solution which bridges the gap between the classical theories of Graetz and Lévêque for heat/mass transfer in channel flow is presented. The results include expressions, uniformly valid in the axial direction, for the mixing‐cup concentration (or temperature) profile 〈c〉 when transport towards the wall is slow (Dirichlet limit), and for the Sherwood number Sh when the wall flux can be considered uniform (Neumann limit). The technique employed provides insight into the mathematical structure of both quantities 〈c〉 (or conversion XR) and Sh identifying explicitly the contributions from fully developed and developing behaviors, while maintaining accuracy in the transition region. Criteria to bound the different convection‐diffusion regimes are suggested, which critically systematize previous results. These results are important for model selection in the design and simulation, among others, of heat exchangers and wall‐coated microreactors where fast heterogeneous reactions occur. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 1880–1892, 2012