bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When smokers move out and non-smokers move in: residential thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure
Authors: Matt Georg E , Quintana Penelope J E , Zakarian Joy M , Fortmann Addie L , Chatfield Dale A , Hoh Eunha , Uribe Anna M , Hovell Melbourne F 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundThis study examined whether thirdhand smoke (THS) persists in smokers' homes after they move out and non-smokers move in, and whether new non-smoking residents are exposed to THS in these homes.MethodsThe homes of 100 smokers and 50 non-smokers were visited before the residents moved out. Dust, surfaces, air and participants' fingers were measured for nicotine and children's urine samples were analysed for cotinine. The new residents who moved into these homes were recruited if they were non-smokers. Dust, surfaces, air and new residents' fingers were examined for nicotine in 25 former smoker and 16 former non-smoker homes. A urine sample was collected from the youngest resident.ResultsSmoker homes' dust, surface and air nicotine levels decreased after the change of occupancy (p<0.001); however dust and surfaces showed higher contamination levels in former smoker homes than former non-smoker homes (p<0.05). Non-smoking participants' finger nicotine was higher in former smoker homes compared to former non-smoker homes (p<0.05). Finger nicotine levels among non-smokers living in former smoker homes were significantly correlated with dust and surface nicotine and urine cotinine.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that THS accumulates in smokers' homes and persists when smokers move out even after homes remain vacant for 2 months and are cleaned and prepared for new residents. When non-smokers move into homes formerly occupied by smokers, they encounter indoor environments with THS polluted surfaces and dust. Results suggest that non-smokers living in former smoker homes are exposed to THS in dust and on surfaces.
Overexpression of Tumor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A May Portend an Increased Likelihood of Progression in a Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab and Erlotinib in Resistant Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chambers Setsuko K. , Clouser Mary C. , Baker Amanda F. , Roe Denise J. , Cui Haiyan , Brewer Molly A. , Hatch Kenneth D. , Gordon Michael S. , Janicek Mike F. , Isaacs Jeffrey D. , Gordon Alan N. , Nagle Raymond B. , Wright Heather M. , Cohen Janice L. , Alberts David S. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Purpose: This phase II trial evaluated bevacizumab plus erlotinib in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer; exploratory biomarker analyses, including that of tumor vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), were also done.
Experimental Design: Forty heavily pretreated patients received erlotinib (150 mg/d orally) and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg i.v.) every 2 weeks until disease progression. Primary end points were objective response rate and response duration; secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity, and correlations between angiogenic protein levels, toxicity, and efficacy.
Results: Grade 3 toxicities included skin rash (n = 6), diarrhea (n = 5), fatigue (n = 4), and hypertension (n = 3). Grade 4 toxicities were myocardial infarction (n = 1) and nasal septal perforation (n = 1). Only one grade 3 fistula and one grade 2 bowel perforation were observed. Nine (23.1%) of 39 evaluable patients had a response (median duration, 36.1+ weeks; one complete response), and 10 (25.6%) patients achieved stable disease, for a disease control rate of 49%. Median PFS was 4 months, and 6-month PFS was 30.8%. Biomarker analyses identified an association between tumor cell VEGF-A expression and progression (P = 0.03); for every 100-unit increase in the VEGF-A score, there was a 3.7-fold increase in the odds of progression (95% confidence interval, 1.1-16.6).
Conclusions: Bevacizumab plus erlotinib in heavily pretreated ovarian cancer patients was clinically active and well tolerated. Erlotinib did not seem to contribute to efficacy. Our study raises the intriguing possibility that high levels of tumor cell VEGF-A, capable of both autocrine and paracrine interactions, are associated with resistance to bevacizumab, emphasizing the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res; 16(21); 5320–8. ©2010 AACR.
Synthesis and Metal-like Luster of Novel Polyaniline Analogs Containing Azobenzene Unit
Authors: Kukino Minoru , Kuwabara Junpei , Matsuishi Kiyoto , Fukuda Takashi , Kanbara Takaki 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Pd-catalyzed polycondensations of aniline derivatives and 4,4′-dibromoazobenzene afford polyaniline analogs containing an azobenzene unit in good yields. The obtained polymers are red in solution and in thin-film states, whereas they exhibit green metal-like luster in thick-film states.
Lignin Gasification over Charcoal-supported Palladium and Nickel Bimetal Catalysts in Supercritical Water
Authors: Yamaguchi Aritomo , Hiyoshi Norihito , Sato Osamu , Osada Mitsumasa , Shirai Masayuki 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Charcoal-supported palladium and nickel binary salt catalysts showed higher lignin gasification activity than the linear combination activities of the individual monometal catalysts, indicating a bimetallic synergetic effect. XRD and EXAFS analyses revealed that Pd–Ni alloy structures were formed during the lignin gasification over the catalysts, which provided higher activities for the gasification than the individual monometal catalysts.
Prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility and risk of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Healy Bridget , Levin Erik , Perrin Kyle , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard 
Published: October 2010

Summary Objective To determine the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility. Design Case-control study in which cases were patients aged 18–65 years attending outpatient VTE clinics, and controls were patients aged 18–65 years admitted to CCU with a condition other than VTE. Interviewer-administered questionnaires obtained detailed information on VTE risk factors and clinical details. Setting VTE Clinics and Coronary Care Unit (CCU), Wellington and Kenepuru Hospitals, Wellington between February 2007 and February 2009. Main outcome measure The relative risk of VTE associated with prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility, defined as being seated at work and on the computer at home, at least 10 hours in a 24-hour period and at least 2 hours at a time without getting up, during the four weeks prior to the onset of symptoms that led to VTE diagnosis or CCU admission. Results There were 197 cases and 197 controls. Prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility was present in 33/197 (16.8%) and 19/197 (9.6%) cases and controls, respectively. In multivariate analyses, prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility was associated with an increased risk of VTE, odds ratio 2.8 (95% CI 1.2–6.1, P=0.013). The maximum and average number of hours seated in a 24-hour period were associated with an increased risk of VTE, with odds ratios of 1.1 (95% CI 1.0–1.2, P=0.008) and 1.1 (95% CI 1.0–1.2, P=0.014) per additional hour seated. Conclusion Prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility increases the risk of VTE. We suggest that there needs to be both a greater awareness of the role of prolonged work-related seated immobility in the pathogenesis of VTE, and the development of occupational strategies to decrease the risk.
Free vascularised fibular graft for reconstruction of defects of the lower limb after resection of tumour
Authors: Hariri A. , Mascard E. , Atlan F. , Germain M. A. , Heming N. , Dubousset J. F. , Wicart P. 
Published: November 2010

We describe a retrospective review of 38 cases of reconstruction following resection of the metaphysiodiaphysis of the lower limb for malignant bone tumours using free vascularised fibular grafts. The mean follow-up was for 7.6 years (0.4 to 18.4). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 27.2 (20 to 30). The score was significantly higher when the graft was carried out in a one-stage procedure after resection of the tumour rather than in two stages. Bony union was achieved in 89% of the cases. The overall mean time to union was 1.7 years (0.2 to 10.3). Free vascularised fibular transfer is a major operation with frequent, but preventable, complications which allows salvage of the limb with satisfactory functional results.
Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with an intravertebral cleft treated by percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty
Authors: Wang G. , Yang H. , Chen K. 
Published: November 2010

We investigated the safety and efficacy of treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with an intravertebral cleft by balloon kyphoplasty. Our study included 27 patients who were treated in this way. The mean follow-up was 38.2 months (24 to 54). The anterior and middle heights of the vertebral body and the kyphotic angle were measured on standing lateral radiographs before surgery, one day after surgery, and at final follow-up. Leakage of cement was determined by CT scans. A visual analogue scale and the Oswestry disability index were chosen to evaluate pain and functional activity. Statistically significant improvements were found between the pre- and post-operative assessments (p < 0.05) but not between the post-operative and final follow-up assessments (p > 0.05). Asymptomatic leakage of cement into the paravertebral vein occurred in one patient, as did leakage into the intervertebral disc in another patient. We suggest that balloon kyphoplasty is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with an intravertebral cleft.
Relationship between Mercury Concentration and Growth Rates for Walleyes, Northern Pike, and Lake Trout from Quebec Lakes
Authors: Lavigne Mélyssa , Lucotte Marc , Paquet Serge 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe relationship between mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish muscle and fish growth rates was assessed for 54 walleye Sander vitreus, 52 northern pike Esox lucius, and 35 lake trout Salvelinus namaycush populations throughout the Province of Quebec, Canada. We used the von Bertalanffy growth model to estimate the ages of fish specimens for a given length, and Hg concentrations in fish specimens at standardized length were determined via a quadratic regression model. Measured values of Hg concentrations in walleyes, northern pike, and lake trout were then correlated to the estimated age at standardized length for each population (375, 675, and 550 mm, respectively). A model‐II regression was performed to describe the existing relationships. Growth rates were positively related to Hg concentrations in walleyes and northern pike (when three outliers were excluded), whereas no correlation was observed for lake trout. Our findings demonstrate that slower‐growing walleyes and northern pike have higher Hg concentrations at standardized length. For these fish species, growth rate could be used as an integrated proxy to predict Hg concentration in fish muscle on a regional scale. Our findings support the contention that biodilution can be an important factor regulating mercury concentrations in fish. Thus, our findings suggest that proper control of fish growth rate through fishing pressure, lake ecology, and watershed management could be used by fisheries management authorities to minimize the toxic risk associated with Hg exposure from fish consumption.
Postrelease Performance of Acclimated and Directly Released Hatchery Summer Steelhead into Oregon Tributaries of the Snake River
Authors: Clarke Lance R. , Flesher Michael W. , Whitesel Timothy A. , Vonderohe Gary R. , Carmichael Richard W. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In a study using 14 paired-release groups over 10 release years, we compared the performance of hatchery summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that were acclimated as smolts (AC) for 16–57 d before release into ponds supplied with ambient stream water with that of fish trucked from the hatchery and directly released (DR) into Spring, Deer, and Little Sheep creeks in northeastern Oregon. After releasing the fish into streams, we monitored out-migration travel times and survival to Lower Granite Dam (LGD) on the Snake River using freeze brand marks or implanted passive integrated transponder tags in a subsample of each release group. Across all release groups, travel time was significantly slower for AC fish (34.7 d) than for DR fish (31.8 d), though there was no significant difference in survival probability to LGD. We used recoveries of coded wire tags to estimate smolt-to-adult survival (SAS) and a stray rate index (SRI) for the AC and DR strategies. Across all release groups, SAS was 33% higher and SRI 42% lower for AC steelhead. At each release site acclimation increased average SAS by at least 11% and decreased SRI by at least 16.5%. We found a significant, negative linear relationship between travel time to LGD and SAS; however, there was no significant relationship between survival to LGD and SAS, which implies that judgments about the success or failure of a novel rearing or release strategy should not be made based on out-migration survival. Acclimating juvenile steelhead produced significantly higher SAS and lower SRI in the hatchery program we evaluated; however, our results are not consistent with those of other steelhead acclimation studies.
Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam following intravenous and oral administration in green iguanas (Iguana iguana)
Authors: J. Divers Stephen , Papich Mark , McBride Michael , L. Stedman Nancy , Perpinan David , F. Koch Thomas , M. Hernandez Sonia , Heather Barron G. , Pethel Melinda , C. Budsberg Steven 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in healthy green iguanas following PO and IV administration and assess potential toxicity.
Animals—21 healthy green iguanas (Iguana iguana).
Procedures—To assess pharmacokinetics, 13 iguanas were administered a single dose (0.2 mg/kg) of meloxicam PO and, 14 days later, the same dose IV. To assess potential toxicity, 4 iguanas were given meloxicam at a dosage of 1 or 5 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours for 12 days, and results of histologic examination were compared with results for another 4 iguanas given a single dose of meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg).
Results—There were no significant differences between PO and IV administration with regard to terminal half-life (mean ± SD, 12.96 ± 8.05 hours and 9.93 ± 4.92 hours, respectively), mean area under the curve to the last measured concentration (5.08 ± 1.62 μg•h/mL and 5.83 ± 2.49 μg•h/mL), volume of distribution (745 ± 475 mL/kg and 487 ± 266 mL/kg), or clearance (40.17 ± 10.35 mL/kg/h and 37.17 ± 16.08 mL/kg/h). Maximum plasma concentration was significantly greater following IV (0.63 ± 0.17 μg/mL) versus PO (0.19 ± 0.07 μg/mL) administration. Time from administration to maximum plasma concentration and mean residence time were significantly longer following PO versus IV administration. Daily administration of high doses (1 or 5 mg/kg) for 12 days did not induce any histologic changes in gastric, hepatic, or renal tissues.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that administration of meloxicam at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg IV or PO in green iguanas would result in plasma concentrations > 0.1 μg/mL for approximately 24 hours. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1277–1283)
Stimulus-evoked electromyography testing of percutaneous pedicle screws for the detection of pedicle breaches: a clinical study of 409 screws in 93 patients
Authors: Wang Michael Y. , Pineiro Guillermo , Mummaneni Praveen V. 
Published: November 2010

Object
Percutaneous pedicle screws have recently become popularized for lumbar spinal fixation. However, successful anatomical hardware placement is highly dependent on intraoperative imaging. In traditional open surgery, stimulus-evoked electromyography (EMG) responses can be useful for detecting pedicle screw breaches. The use of insulated sleeves for percutaneous screws has allowed for EMG testing in minimally invasive surgery; however, no reports on the reliability of this testing modality have been published.

Methods
A total of 409 lumbar percutaneous pedicle screws were placed in 93 patients. Levels of instrumentation included L-1 (in 12 patients), L-2 (in 34), L-3 (in 44), L-4 (in 120), L-5 (in 142), and S-1 (in 57 patients). Intraoperative EMG stimulation thresholds were obtained using insulating sleeves over a metallic tap prior to final screw placement. Data were compared with postoperative fine-cut CT scans to assess pedicle screw placement. Data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively.

Results
There were 5 pedicle breaches (3 medial and 2 lateral; 3 Grade 1 and 2 Grade 2 breaches) visualized on postoperative CT scans (1.2%). Two of these breaches were symptomatic. In 2 instances, intraoperative thresholds were the sole basis for screw trajectory readjustment, which resulted in proper placement on postoperative imaging. Thirty-five screw trajectories were associated with a threshold of less than 12 mA. However, all breaches were associated with thresholds of greater than 12 mA. Using thresholds below 12 mA as the indicator of a screw breach, this resulted in a sensitivity of 0.0, specificity of 90.3, positive predictive value of 0.0, and negative predictive value of 0.98. Utilizing a threshold of any decreased stimulus (< 20 mA) would have detected 60% of breaches, with a mean threshold of 16.25 mA.

Conclusions
While these data are limited by the low number of radiographic breaches, it appears that tap stimulation with an insulating sleeve may not be reliable for detecting low-grade radiographically breached pedicles using typical stimulation thresholds (< 12 mA). Imaging-based modalities remain more reliable for assessing percutaneous pedicle screw trajectories until more robust and sensitive electrophysiological testing methods can be devised.
Neuroendoscopic treatment of arachnoid cysts of the quadrigeminal cistern: a series of 14 cases
Authors: Cinalli Giuseppe , Spennato Pietro , Columbano Laura , Ruggiero Claudio , Aliberti Ferdinando , Trischitta Vincenzo , Buonocore Maria Consiglio , Cianciulli Emilio 
Published: November 2010

Object
In this paper, the authors' goal was to evaluate the role of neuroendoscopy in the treatment of arachnoid cysts of the quadrigeminal cistern.

Methods
Between March 1995 and February 2008, 14 patients affected by arachnoid cysts of the quadrigeminal cistern were treated endoscopically. The cysts were classified according to their anatomical and radiological appearance. The most frequent form (Type I) extended infratentorially and supratentorially with a dumbbell shape. Type II cysts were confined to the infratentorial space and were associated with the most severe and acute form of hydrocephalus. Type III cysts presented a significant asymmetric expansion toward the temporal fossa. Ten patients underwent an endoscopic procedure as primary treatment and 4 as an alternative to shunt revision. In 6 cases, the first endoscopic procedure was ventriculocystostomy (VC) together with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). In the other 8 cases, the first endoscopic procedure was VC alone.

Results
In the 6 cases in which VC was performed with an ETV, the procedure was successful, and the patients did not require further surgery. Of the 8 cases in which the first endoscopic procedure performed was VC without ETV, 7 underwent reoperation. Four of these patients underwent endoscopic procedures (by reopening the obstructed VC and performing ETV or cystocisternostomy) 2, 4, 4, and 5 months later with final success in all cases. Three patients (all of whom were previously treated using ventriculo- or cystoperitoneal shunts) required shunt reimplantation (complete failure). Subdural collection developed in 1 case, which was managed by transient insertion of a subduroperitoneal shunt. Neurological and developmental outcomes were good except for 1 patient who did not show improvement in preoperative developmental delay. No transient or permanent morbidity or mortality was observed.

Conclusions
The analysis of this series suggests that arachnoid cysts of the quadrigeminal cistern and the associated hydrocephalus can be effectively treated by endoscopy; this approach allows the patient to be shunt independent in more than 78% of the cases. If endoscopy is used as first option, the success rate of endoscopic procedures observed in this series was 90%. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy should be associated with a VC to offer the highest success rate with a single procedure.
Surgical outcome for focal cortical dysplasia: an analysis of recent surgical series
Authors: Chern Joshua J. , Patel Akash J. , Jea Andrew , Curry Daniel J. , Comair Youssef G. 
Published: November 2010

Object
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is an important cause of intractable epilepsy and is at times treatable by resection. The now widespread use of MR imaging and recent advancement of functional imaging have increased the number of patients undergoing surgical treatment for FCD. The objective of this review is to critically examine and to provide a summary of surgical series on FCD published since 2000.

Methods
Studies concerning surgery for FCD were identified from MEDLINE and references of selected articles and book chapters. Data from these included studies were summarized and analyzed to identify factors correlated with seizure outcome.

Results
Sixteen studies were identified, and 469 patients met our selection criteria. Seizure-free outcome at 1-year postoperatively was achieved in 59.7% of the patients. Children and adults were equally likely to benefit from the surgery. Complete resection (OR 13.7, 95% CI 6.68–28.1; p < 0.0001) and temporal location (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.26–3.69; p = 0.0073) were two positive prognostic indicators of seizure-free outcome. Utilization of invasive monitoring did not affect the chance of seizure remission, but firm conclusions could not be drawn because patients were not randomized.

Conclusions
The advancement of modern imaging has transformed the process of surgical candidate selection for partial epilepsy due to FCD. Patients from recent surgical series were more homogeneous in their clinical presentations and might represent FCD as an independent pathological entity. This likely explained the improved surgical outcome for this group of patients. These reports also documented the increased utilization of functional imaging, but their efficacy needs to be verified with further studies.