bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of glioma growth by microbubble activation in a subcutaneous model using low duty cycle ultrasound without significant heating
Authors: Burke Caitlin W. , Klibanov Alexander L. , Sheehan Jason P. , Price Richard J. 
Published: January 2011

Object
In this study, the authors sought determine whether microbubble (MB) destruction with pulsed low duty cycle ultrasound can be used to reduce brain tumor perfusion and growth through nonthermal microvascular ablation.

Methods
Studies using C57BLJ6/Rag-1 mice inoculated subcutaneously with C6 glioma cells were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. Microbubbles were injected intravenously, and 1 MHz ultrasound was applied with varying duty cycles to the tumor every 5 seconds for 60 minutes. During treatment, tumor heating was quantified. Following treatment, tumor growth, hemodynamics, necrosis, and apoptosis were measured.

Results
Tumor blood flow was significantly reduced immediately after treatment, with posttreatment flow ranging from 36% (0.00002 duty cycle) to 4% (0.01 duty cycle) of pretreatment flow. Seven days after treatment, tumor necrosis and apoptosis were significantly increased in all treatment groups, while treatment with ultrasound duty cycles of 0.005 and 0.01 inhibited tumor growth by 63% and 75%, respectively, compared with untreated tumors. While a modest duty cycle–dependent increase in intratumor temperature was observed, it is unlikely that thermal tissue ablation occurred.

Conclusions
In a subcutaneous C6 glioma model, MB destruction with low–duty cycle 1-MHz ultrasound can be used to markedly inhibit growth, without substantial tumor tissue heating. These results may have a bearing on the development of transcranial high-intensity focused ultrasound treatments for brain tumors that are not amenable to thermal ablation.
Dopamine agonist–resistant prolactinomas
Authors: Oh Michael C. , Aghi Manish K. 
Published: January 2011

The authors' object in this paper was to review the definition, epidemiology, biology, resistance mechanisms, and treatment options for dopamine agonist–resistant prolactinomas (DARPs).
Prolactinomas are relatively unique among primary brain tumors in that medical treatment alone using dopamine agonists carries a high probability of disease control or even radiographic and endocrine remission, and thus has replaced surgery as the first line of therapy. Unfortunately, slightly less than 10% of patients with prolactinomas do not experience normalization of their prolactin levels in response to dopamine agonists, and harbor tumors that are resistant to dopamine agonist therapy. A literature review underscores that in male patients these DARPs are more likely to be invasive macroadenomas than dopamine agonist–responsive prolactinomas and that they are also more angiogenic, more proliferative, and more likely to exhibit cellular atypia. Estrogen receptor antagonists and temozolomide are the most commonly applied medical therapies in cases in which resection and radiosurgery have not induced remission of the hyperprolactinemia.
Dopamine agonist–resistant prolactinomas exhibit aggressive behavior and tend to be large, invasive, hyperangiogenic tumors with high mitotic indices, which makes their management via surgery, radiosurgery, or alternative medical therapies challenging, thus underscoring the need for novel medical therapies or treatment regimens that target these lesions.
Discrimination between low-grade oligodendrogliomas and diffuse astrocytoma with the aid of 11C-methionine positron emission tomography
Authors: Shinozaki Natsuki , Uchino Yoshio , Yoshikawa Kyosan , Matsutani Tomoo , Hasegawa Azusa , Saeki Naokatsu , Iwadate Yasuo 
Published: January 2011

Object
The diagnostic usefulness of 11C-methionine PET scans in gliomas is still controversial. The authors investigated the clinical significance of 11C-methionine PET findings in preoperative diagnosis of histological type and grade.

Methods
The tissue uptake of 11C-methionine was assessed using PET in 70 patients with histologically confirmed intracerebral gliomas. The ratio of maximum standard uptake values in tumor areas to the mean standard uptake values in the contralateral normal brain tissue (tumor/normal tissue [T/N] ratio) was calculated and correlated with tumor type, histological grade, contrast enhancement on MR imaging, Ki 67 labeling index, and 1p/19q status.

Results
The T/N ratio was significantly increased as tumor grade advanced in astrocytic tumors (WHO Grade II vs Grade III, p = 0.0011; Grade III vs Grade IV, p = 0.0007). Among Grade II gliomas, the mean T/N ratio was significantly higher in oligodendroglial tumors than in diffuse astrocytomas (DAs) (p < 0.0001). All T/N ratios for oligodendroglial tumors were ≥ 1.46, and those for DA were consistently < 1.46, with the exception of 2 cases of gemistocytic astrocytoma. The Ki 67 labeling index significantly correlated with T/N ratio in astrocytic tumors, but not in oligodendrogliomas. Oligodendroglial tumors without 1p/19q deletion had a significantly higher T/N ratio than those with the codeletion. In combination with Gd-enhanced MR imaging, 67% of nonenhanced tumors with a T/N ratio of ≥ 1.46 were proved to be Grade II oligodendrogliomas.

Conclusions
These results clearly show that 11C-methionine PET T/N ratios in Grade II oligodendrogliomas were higher than those in DAs independently of their proliferative activity. This information contributes to preoperative differential diagnoses of histological type, especially in suspected low-grade gliomas.
Neurosurgical treatment of craniopharyngioma in adults and children: early and long-term results in a large case series
Authors: Mortini Pietro , Losa Marco , Pozzobon Gabriella , Barzaghi Raffaella , Riva Marco , Acerno Stefania , Angius Diana , Weber Giovanna , Chiumello Giuseppe , Giovanelli Massimo 
Published: January 2011

Object
Craniopharyngioma accounts for 2%–5% of all primary intracranial neoplasms. The optimal management of craniopharyngioma remains controversial. The authors evaluated the early results of surgery and the longterm risk of tumor recurrence in a large series of patients undergoing resection of craniopharyngiomas.

Methods
Between 1990 and 2008, 112 consecutive patients (57 male and 55 female patients with a mean [± SEM] age of 33.3 ± 1.8 years) underwent resection of craniopharyngiomas at the authors' hospital. Recurrence or growth of residual tumor tissue during follow-up was assessed using MR imaging.

Results
There were 3 perioperative deaths (2.7%). Severe adverse events were more frequent in patients who underwent operations via the transcranial route (37%) than the transsphenoidal approach (5.6%; p < 0.001). Magnetic resonance imaging showed radical resection of the tumor in 78 (71.6%) of the remaining 109 patients. Previous surgery and maximum tumor diameter were associated with persistence of disease after surgery. Craniopharyngioma recurred in 26 (24.5%) of 106 patients. Presence of residual tumor on the first postoperative MR imaging, male sex, and no postoperative radiation therapy were associated with a risk of tumor recurrence. Quality-of-life data were assessed in the 91 patients who attended the authors' institution for follow-up visits. Among them, 8.8% patients were partially or completely dependent on others for daily living activities before surgery. This percentage increased to 14.3% at the last follow-up visit. The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 94.4% (95% CI 90.0%–98.8%) and 90.3% (95% CI 83.4%–97.3%), respectively.

Conclusions
Complete surgical removal of craniopharyngioma can be achieved with reasonable safety in more than 70% of patients. Recurrence of craniopharyngioma may occur even after apparent radical excision. Prompt management of residual or recurring disease by radiotherapy, repeat surgery, or a combination of both is usually successful in controlling further tumor growth.
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and oligodendroglioma: collision of 2 morphologically and genetically distinct anaplastic components
Authors: Hattab Eyas M. , Martin Sarah E. , Shapiro Scott A. , Cheng Liang 
Published: January 2011

With the exception of oligoastrocytoma, mixed gliomas are rarely encountered, and the astrocytic component of mixed oligoastrocytoma is almost always fibrillary and diffusely infiltrative. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) has occasionally been described in conjunction with ganglioglioma, as well as in 1 case of oligodendroglioma. In this latter case, described by Perry et al., 1p/19q codeletions were not detected.
The authors report on a 25-year-old woman with a combined PXA/oligodendroglioma in which concurrent 1p/19q codeletions were detected in the oligodendroglial component only. The patient presented with a 1-month history of headaches. Neuroimaging revealed a heterogeneous left temporal mass with focal enhancement, cystic changes, hemorrhage, and left-to-right midline shift. The patient underwent a craniotomy and gross-total resection. Pathological examination revealed a glial tumor composed of 2 apparently distinct components. The largest component exhibited a prominent fascicular, reticulin-rich, spindle cell arrangement admixed with areas of highly pleomorphic cells, with bizarre cytological features reminiscent of PXA. A smaller component was composed of cellular sheets and lobules of oligodendroglial cells. Both components were characterized by anaplastic features. Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization for 1p/19q codeletions was performed. Only the oligodendroglial component showed the combined 1p/19q deletions.
This case represents the first instance in which PXA has been reported in conjunction with an oligodendroglioma exhibiting the “molecular signature” characteristic of oligodendroglial neoplasms. The different genetic alterations seen in the 2 components of this neoplasm argue in favor of a “collision tumor” rather than a mixed glioma of the same genotype.
Ignacio Zuloaga et la France
Authors: Milhou M 
Published: January 2011

Après les très importants travaux d'Enrique Lafuente Ferrari sur Ignacio Zuloaga, sa vie et son art, il restait un seul coin d'ombre à éclairer : les relations du peintre espagnol avec la France et ce depuis l'époque de ses vingt ans où il vint à Paris en quête de Maîtres.
L'éminent biographe de Zuloaga avait, par avance, autorisé la critique de son œuvre par cette belle phrase qui dit sa grande probité intellectuelle : « Ce n'est point la pire manière de collaborer avec le futur que de laisser le chemin ouvert à d'autres pour d'éventuelles détections de nos omissions, corrections de nos erreurs et critiques de nos défauts ».
La thèse « Ignacio Zuloaga et la France » met en lumière grâce à de très nombreux inédits conservés dans des familles françaises ce que les critiques espagnols ont jusqu'ici ignoré, en particulier le rôle de Maxime Dethomas et l'importance de l'amitié entre Emile Bernard et Ignacio Zuloaga.
Le travail suit le jeune Espagnol dans ses différentes fréquentations des milieux artistiques, littéraires et mondains en s'appuyant toujours sur la justification de correspondances et documents d'époque. Ainsi sont étudiées successivement : les relations avec le Pays, le Sud-Ouest; la formation à Paris ; la période cruciale 1895-1898 avec les conséquences de son amitié avec Emile Bernard ; enfin les années de succès à Paris.
Ce nouveau travail précise, informe et remet en question l'image un peu trop figée d'un Zuloaga exclusivement peintre national de la «génération de 98».
Mesías y redentores : constante estructural y motivo temático en Fortunata y Jacinta
Authors: Urbina E 
Published: January 2011

Dans Fortunata y Jacinta, Galdós essaye de résoudre les conflits qui existent entre la nature, la société et l'individu par l'affirmation de la spiritualité comme une source de, salut personnel qui proviendrait de deux concepts parallèles : le dévouement et le renoncement.
La recherche persistante et illusoire de cette rédemption constitue un leitmotiv qui la structure et qui donne un sens à l'agonie collective des personnages. La valeur ironique du développement psychologique, moral et social de Fortunata est ainsi mis en relief et contraste avec l'intériorisation supérieure, quoique inachevée, de Maximiliano Rubín. Cette dernière tendance trouvera son apogée dans le spiritualisme de plus en plus empreint de compassion et de désintéressement qui est inhérent aux protagonistes de Nazarin, Halma et Misericordia.
« Al pasar del arroyo », de Lope de Vega, ou la philosophie aux champs moquée
Authors: Maurel Serge 
Published: January 2011

Écrite pour célébrer l'entrée à Madrid de la princesse française Isabelle, l'épousée de Philippe d'Autriche (décembre 1615), Al pasar del arroyo, « comedia villanesca », contemporaine de El villano en su rincón (cf. M. Bataillon), est en étroite relation avec les œuvres maîtresses du théâtre d'ambiance rustique où s'affirme la revendication paysanne.
La présente étude s'efforce d'éclairer les interactions ainsi établies entre paysans pour rire et paysans tout de bon ; de préciser comment Lope, poète courtisan, peut, dans le même temps, célébrer la philosophie du vilain et la moquer, faisant du « filósofo villano » un « filósofo cansado ».
Les masques et la plume.
Authors: Dubois Claude-Gilbert 
Published: January 2011

Le contenu de cette contribution au recueil consacré aux « masques » porte sur le travail d’écriture autobiographique. Outre la censure interne provenant de son propre inconscient, l’auteur de mémoires autobiographiques doit prendre en compte, pour sa propre sécurité, le « principe de précaution ». L’écrivain autobiographe ne peut donc que « s’avancer masqué ». Le rôle du lecteur critique est alors d’éveiller le soupçon sur les parties cachées du récit. Mais cette révélation, qui se prétend déchirement du voile ou arrachement du masque d’autrui, est également un démasquage des fantasmes et des obsessions du lecteur. Les masques et la plume, dans leur exercice acrobatique de masquage et marquage, de démarquage et de démasquage échangent perpétuellement leurs rôles dans une désopilante comédie policière qui pourrait s’appeler « Les Fausses confidences » ou « La Comédie des erreurs ».
La peau, théâtre de tous les masques
Authors: Aumage Monique 
Published: January 2011

La peau est un masque à plusieurs facettes qui trahit ce que l’on ne voudrait pas montrer et par ses composantes psychosomatiques exprime un malaise intérieur que l’on ignore. La santé de la peau est en relation avec le narcissisme primaire et la pulsion scopique, la dialectique : voir/être vu. La complexité de tous ces éléments est relatée dans la cure d’une patiente atteinte d’une pelade. Chez cette patiente psychosomatique à faible capacité métaphorique, l’introduction de l’image par le rêve éveillé et l’élaboration de certains scénarios ont permis une nouvelle élaboration psychique et une approche de la problématique sous-jacente.
Clavicular Fracture in a Collegiate Football Player: A Case Report of Rapid Return to Play
Authors: Rabe Sarah B. , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:To present the case of surgical treatment and rehabilitation of a midshaft clavicular fracture in a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football athlete.Background:While attempting to catch a pass during practice, the athlete jumped up and then landed on the tip of his shoulder. On-the-field evaluation was inconclusive, with a sideline evaluation diagnosis of clavicular fracture. Postinjury radiographs revealed a midshaft clavicular fracture.Differential Diagnosis:Spiral oblique midshaft clavicular fracture.Treatment:The sports medicine staff discussed surgical and nonsurgical options. A surgical procedure of internal fixation with an 8-hole plate was performed.Uniqueness:Surgical treatment for clavicular fractures is becoming increasingly common. This is the first report of an advanced rehabilitation protocol for surgical repair. We suggest that new rehabilitation protocols for clavicular repairs be investigated now that surgical treatment is being pursued more frequently.Conclusions:More aggressive treatment procedures and rehabilitation protocols for clavicular fractures have evolved in recent years. With these medical advancements, athletes are able to return to play much more quickly without compromising their health and safety.
Muscle Coactivation Before and After the Impact Phase of Running Following Isokinetic Fatigue
Authors: Kellis Eleftherios , Zafeiridis Andreas , Amiridis Ioannis G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Context:
The effects of fatigue on impact loading during running are unclear, with some authors reporting increased impact forces and others reporting decreased forces.

Objective:
To examine the effects of isokinetic fatigue on muscle cocontraction ratios about the knee and ankle during running.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Neuromechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Female middle-distance runners (age  =  21.3 ± 1.93 years) with at least 5 years of training experience.

Intervention(s):
Participants ran on the treadmill at 3.61 m/s before and immediately after the fatigue protocol, which consisted of consecutive, concentric knee extension-flexion at 120°/s until they could no longer produce 30% of the maximum knee-extension moment achieved in the familiarization session for 3 consecutive repetitions.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of the vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), gastrocnemius (GAS), and tibialis anterior (TA) was recorded using surface electrodes. Agonist∶antagonist EMG ratios for the knee (VM∶BF) and ankle (GAS∶TA) were calculated for the preactivation (PR), initial loading response (LR1), and late loading response (LR2) phases of running. Hip-, knee-, and ankle-joint angular displacements at initial foot contact were obtained from 3-dimensional kinematic tracings.

Results:
Fatigue did not alter the VM∶BF EMG ratio during the PR phase (P &gt; .05), but it increased the ratio during the LR1 phase (P &lt; .05). The GAS∶TA EMG ratio increased during the LR1 phase after fatigue (P &lt; .05) but remained unchanged during the PR and LR2 phrases (P &gt; .05).

Conclusions:
The increased agonist EMG activation, coupled with reduced antagonist EMG activation after impact, indicates that the acute decrease in muscle strength capacity of the knee extensors and flexors results in altered muscle-activation patterns about the knee and ankle before and after foot impact.
Hip-Abductor Fatigue and Single-Leg Landing Mechanics in Women Athletes
Authors: Patrek Mary F. , Kernozek Thomas W. , Willson John D. , Wright Glenn A. , Doberstein Scott T. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Context:
Reduced hip-abductor strength and muscle activation may be associated with altered lower extremity mechanics, which are thought to increase the risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury. However, experimental evidence supporting this relationship is limited.

Objective:
To examine the changes in single-leg landing mechanics and gluteus medius recruitment that occur after a hip-abductor fatigue protocol.

Design:
Descriptive laboratory study.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twenty physically active women (age  =  21.0 ± 1.3 years).

Intervention(s):
Participants were tested before (prefatigue) and after (postfatigue) a hip-abductor fatigue protocol consisting of repetitive side-lying hip abduction.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Outcome measures included sagittal-plane and frontal-plane hip and knee kinematics at initial contact and at 60 milliseconds after initial contact during 5 single-leg landings from a height of 40 cm. Peak hip and knee sagittal-plane and frontal-plane joint moments during this time interval were also analyzed. Measures of gluteus medius activation, including latency, peak amplitude, and integrated signal, were recorded.

Results:
A small (&lt;1°) increase in hip-abduction angle at initial contact and a small (&lt;1°) decrease in knee-abduction (valgus) angle at 60 milliseconds after contact were observed in the postfatigue landing condition. No other kinematic changes were noted for the knee or hip at initial contact or at 60 milliseconds after initial contact. Peak external knee-adduction moment decreased 27% and peak hip adduction moment decreased 24% during the postfatigue landing condition. Gluteus medius activation was delayed after the protocol, but no difference in peak or integrated signal was seen during the landing trials.

Conclusions:
Changes observed during single-leg landings after hip-abductor fatigue were not generally considered unfavorable to the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament. Further work may be justified to study the role of hip-abductor activation in protecting the knee during landing.
Whole-Body Vibration and the Prevention and Treatment of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
Authors: Aminian-Far Atefeh , Hadian Mohammad-Reza , Olyaei Gholamreza , Talebian Saeed , Bakhtiary Amir Hoshang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractContext:Numerous recovery strategies have been used in an attempt to minimize the symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been suggested as a viable warm-up for athletes. However, scientific evidence to support the protective effects of WBV training (WBVT) on muscle damage is lacking.Objective:To investigate the acute effect of WBVT applied before eccentric exercise in the prevention of DOMS.Design:Randomized controlled trial.Setting:University laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:A total of 32 healthy, untrained volunteers were randomly assigned to either the WBVT (n  =  15) or control (n  =  17) group.Intervention(s):Volunteers performed 6 sets of 10 maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric contractions of the dominant-limb knee extensors on a dynamometer. In the WBVT group, the training was applied using a vibratory platform (35 Hz, 5 mm peak to peak) with 100° of knee flexion for 60 seconds before eccentric exercise. No vibration was applied in the control group.Main Outcome Measure(s):Muscle soreness, thigh circumference, and pressure pain threshold were recorded at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 days postexercise. Maximal voluntary isometric and isokinetic knee extensor strength were assessed at baseline, immediately after exercise, and at 1, 2, 7, and 14 days postexercise. Serum creatine kinase was measured at baseline and at 1, 2, and 7 days postexercise.Results:The WBVT group showed a reduction in DOMS symptoms in the form of less maximal isometric and isokinetic voluntary strength loss, lower creatine kinase levels, and less pressure pain threshold and muscle soreness (P &lt; .05) compared with the control group. However, no effect on thigh circumference was evident (P &lt; .05).Conclusions:Administered before eccentric exercise, WBVT may reduce DOMS via muscle function improvement. Further investigation should be undertaken to ascertain the effectiveness of WBVT in attenuating DOMS in athletes.