bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The condensation of diphenylphosphinic azide with substituted acetonitriles ‐ Formation of phosphorylated tetrazolines
Authors: Berlin K. D. , Ranganathan R. , Haberlein H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe condensation between diphenylphosphinic azide and several substituted phenylacetonitriles was investigated. Rather than a substituted aminotriazole, a phosphorylated tetrazoline (IX) was isolated from several reactions. In addition, a phosphorylated nitrile (X) and a phosphorylated eniminonitrile (XI) were found.N‐Acylation of IX, followed by warming, lead to a phosphorylated oxadiazoline (XX). Structural assignments are based on UV, IR, and NMR spectral data and chemical degradative evidence. A brief analysis of the results is presented.
Azulene‐1‐azo‐2′‐thiazoles. Synthesis and properties
Authors: Razus Alexandru C. , Birzan Liviu , Nae Stefania , Surugiu Mirela Nina , Cimpeanu Valentin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSeveral derivatives belonging to a new compound class, namely azulene‐1‐azo‐2′‐thiazoles, were prepared by the diazotization of 2‐aminothiazoles in the presence of HNO3/H3PO4 followed by the coupling of diazonium salts with azulenes in buffered medium. The reactions proved to be general for this class, the yields are, however, considerably influenced by the substituents at thiazole moiety. For the first time a N‐oxide provided from an amino substituted five‐member nitrogenous heterocycle was diazotized and coupled. The structure of the obtained compounds was assigned and their physico‐chemical properties were discussed. The new azulene azo derivatives exhibit a strong bathochromic shift in UV‐Vis due to the intense push‐pull effect of aromatic system and to the intrinsic properties of thiazole moiety.
Dihydrobenzoxazines and tetrahydroquinoxalines by a tandem reduction‐reductive amination reaction
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Herron Derrick M. , Hale Lu Y. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA tandem reduction‐reductive amination reaction has been applied to the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazines and 1‐acetyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoxalines. The nitroketones required for the benzoxazine ring closures were prepared by (A) alkylation of the anion derived from 2‐nitrophenol with an allylic halide or (B) nucleophilic aromatic substitution of an allylic alkoxide on 2‐fluoro‐1‐nitrobenzene followed by ozonolysis. Precursors for the quinoxalines were prepared by alkylation of the anion of 2‐nitroacetanilide with an allylic halide followed by ozonolysis. Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitroketones using 5% palladium‐on‐carbon in methanol then gave the target heterocycles by a reduction‐reductive amination sequence. The N‐methyl derivatives for both ring systems were easily prepared by adding 5‐10 equivalents of aqueous formaldehyde prior to the reduction. The dihydrobenzoxazines were isolated in high yield following purification by chromatographic methods; tetrahydroquinoxalines were isolated in a similar manner and possessed differentiated functionality on the two nitrogens.
Structural modification of soy protein by the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhang Caimeng , Hua Yufei 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Protein oxidation results in covalent modification of structure and deterioration of functional properties of target protein. Oxidation extent of soy protein was affected by the content and type of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in defatted soybean flours during storage and processing. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was selected as a secondary byproduct of LPO to investigate the effects of oxidative modification of LPO‐derived reactive aldehyde on soy protein structure.RESULTS: MDA reacted with ε‐amino and sulfhydryl groups of soy protein, and resulted in an increase in protein carbonyl groups but a decrease in sulfhydryl/disulfide, free amines and lysine. The decrease in solubility, surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence indirectly indicated that MDA induced soy protein aggregation, and results of high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography directly showed that gradual aggregation of soy protein was induced by increasing concentration of MDA. Results of electrophoresis indicated that MDA caused soy protein aggregation, and non‐disulfide covalent bonds were involved in aggregate formation.CONCLUSION: The results showed that sensitivity of soy protein was related to MDA concentration. Soy protein gradually aggregated with increase of MDA concentration; β‐conglycinin was more sensitive to MDA modification than glycinin. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Light scattering from anisotropic particles: propagation, localization, and nonlinearity
Authors: Qiu C.W. , Gao L. , Joannopoulos J.D. , Soljačić M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPlasmon resonances and extraordinary light scatterings of a nanoparticle with radial anisotropy are studied and summarized. The coupling between localized surface plasmons and far‐field quantities is discussed. It is found that the presence of radial anisotropy redistributes the localization of plasmons and also results in certain novel phenomena in the far zone, which provide the possibility of scattering control such as electromagnetic transparency, enhanced scattering cross section, etc. The nonlinear optical response is explored in order to yield deeper physical insight into the interaction between plasmons and incident light.
The ion funnel: Theory, implementations, and applications
Authors: Kelly Ryan T. , Tolmachev Aleksey V. , Page Jason S. , Tang Keqi , Smith Richard D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe electrodynamic ion funnel has enabled the manipulation and focusing of ions in a pressure regime (0.1–30 Torr) that has challenged traditional approaches, and provided the basis for much greater mass spectrometer ion transmission efficiencies. The initial ion funnel implementations aimed to efficiently capture ions in the expanding gas jet of an electrospray ionization interface and radially focus them for efficient transfer through a conductance limiting orifice. We review the improvements in fundamental understanding of ion motion in ion funnels, the evolution in its implementations that have brought the ion funnel to its current state of refinement, as well as applications of the ion funnel for purposes such as ion trapping, ion cooling, low pressure electrospray, and ion mobility spectrometry. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:294–312, 2010
Responding to Trust: Surgeons’ Perspective on Informed Consent
Authors: McKneally Martin F. , Martin Douglas K. , Ignagni Esther , D’Cruz Jason 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundEvery day thousands of surgeons and patients negotiate their way through the complex process of decision‐making about operative treatments. We conducted a series of qualitative studies, asking patients and surgeons to describe their experience and beliefs about informed decision‐making and consent. This study focuses on surgeons’ views.MethodsOpen‐ended interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with thoracic surgeons who treated esophageal cancer patients by esophagectomy, and general surgeons who routinely performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Their views were analyzed using a qualitative approach, grounded in the perspectives of the participants.ResultsFive dominant themes emerged from the analysis: (1) making informed decisions; (2) communicating information and confidence; (3) managing expectations and fears; (4) consent as a decision to trust; (5) commitment inspired by trust. These themes are illustrated by verbatim quotes from the surgeon interviews.ConclusionsSurgeons carefully assess the risks and benefits of treatment before consenting to perform operative interventions. They are influenced by objective findings and by affective factors such as courage and the determination to survive expressed by their patients. They manage risks, doubts, and fears—both their patients’ and their own—relying on trust and commitment on both sides to ensure the success of the surgical mission. The trust of their patients has a strong influence on the surgeons’ decisions and actions.
Prognostic Factors for Survival in Patients with Hepatic Recurrence After Curative Resection of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hwang Si‐Eun , Yang Doo‐Hyun , Kim Chan‐Young 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study was done to evaluate the prognostic factors that may affect the survival of patients with recurrent hepatic metastasis after curative resection of gastric cancer.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 73 patients with recurrent hepatic metastasis after surgical treatment of gastric cancer from January 1995 to December 2005. Prognostic factors were classified into three groups: primary tumor factors, recurrent hepatic factors, and treatment factors. The prognostic values of these factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses by the log‐rank test in the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox’s proportional hazard model.ResultsThe overall median survival rate of the 73 study patients was 20.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.4–24.6 months]. The median survival rate after diagnosis of recurrent hepatic metastasis was 5 months (95% CI 3.5–6.5 months). Univariate analysis showed that the favorable prognostic factors were stage I and II among the primary tumor factors, no extrahepatic metastasis and unilobar distribution among the recurrent hepatic factors, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) ± chemotherapy among the treatment factors when operative treatment had been excluded. The independent favorable prognostic factors revealed by the multivariate analysis were no extrahepatic metastasis and RFA ± chemotherapy. The median survival rate of patients who had two favorable prognostic factors was 27 months (95% CI 0–66.38 months).ConclusionsImprovement in the survival rate can be expected with RFA ± chemotherapy for patients with recurrent gastric cancer in the liver without extrahepatic metastasis.
Modeling responses of coupled social–ecological systems of the Gulf of California to anthropogenic and natural perturbations
Authors: Leslie Heather M. , Schlüter Maja , Cudney‐Bueno Richard , Levin Simon A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractKey elements of the rapidly expanding field of ecosystem‐based management include: (a) understanding connections among social and ecological systems and (b) developing analytical approaches to inform the necessary trade‐offs among ecosystem services and human activities in coastal and marine areas. To address these needs, we investigate the impacts of multiple economic sectors on the marine ecosystem and dependent human community in the Gulf of California with an ecological‐economic model. We focus on the spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus), an economically important species targeted concurrently by the nearshore artisanal fleet, the sportfishing fleet, and by the industrial shrimp fleet as bycatch. Economic returns to the local community are driven by the artisanal fishery catch and the number of tourists who engage in the sportsfishery, and these variables are in turn impacted by fish abundance. We find that the coexistence of the two sectors (and production of both seafood and tourism services) creates stability in key elements of the coupled systems. When the coupled systems are perturbed by changes in exploitation and climate variability, the artisanal fishery responds more rapidly and to a greater degree than the sportsfishery to shifts in the fish population. Our results suggest that vital components of coupled systems may well respond differently to climate variability or other perturbations, and that management strategies should be developed with this in mind. Models like ours can facilitate the development and testing of hypotheses about the form and strength of interactions between ecosystems, services, and the human communities that rely on them.
Synthesis of Novel Double-Layer Nanostructures of SiC–WO
x
by a Two Step Thermal Evaporation Process
Authors: Kim Hyeyoung , Senthil Karuppanan , Yong Kijung 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A novel double-layer nanostructure of silicon carbide and tungsten oxide is synthesized by a two-step thermal evaporation process using NiO as the catalyst. First, SiC nanowires are grown on Si substrate and then high density W18O49nanorods are grown on these SiC nanowires to form a double-layer nanostructure. XRD and TEM analysis revealed that the synthesized nanostructures are well crystalline. The growth of W18O49nanorods on SiC nanowires is explained on the basis of vapor–solid (VS) mechanism. The reasonably better turn-on field (5.4 V/μm) measured from the field emission measurements suggest that the synthesized nanostructures could be used as potential field emitters.
Lipopolysaccharides can protect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis and enhance proliferation of MSCs via Toll‐like receptor(TLR)‐4 and PI3K/Akt
Authors: Wang Zhao‐jun , Zhang Fu‐min , Wang Lian‐sheng , Yao Yong‐wei , Zhao Qiang , Gao Xiang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractApoptosis of implanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) limits the efficiency of MSC therapy. Recent studies showed the ligands of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) could control the function of these cells. We have investigated the effect of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a ligand of TLR4, on the survival of MSCs and explored the roles of TLR4 and PI3K/Akt. H2O2/serum deprivation(H2O2/SD) induced apoptosis of MSCs but LPS‐preconditioning (1.0 μg/ml) protected MSCs from H2O2/SD‐induced apoptosis and promoted their proliferation. Western blotting showed that 1.0 μg/ml LPS enhanced phosphorylation of both Akt at Ser 473 and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) p65 at Ser 536. However, the protective effects of LPS on survival were not observed in TLR4lps‐del MSCs. The results suggest appropriate treatments with LPS can protect MSCs from oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis and improve the survival of MSCs via the TLR4 and PI3K/Akt pathway.
Role of MAP kinases in nitric oxide induced muscle‐derived adult stem cell apoptosis
Authors: Bironaite D. , Baltriukiene D. , Uralova N. , Stulpinas A. , Bukelskiene V. , Imbrasaite A. , Kalvelyte A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractApoptosis in heart failure has been intensively investigated in vitro and in vivo. Stem cells have therapeutic value in the direct treatment of diseases, including cardiovascular disease. The main drawback of stem cell therapy is their poor survival in the diseased tissues. Since intracellular mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) actively participate in the regulation of cell survival and of proapoptotic signals, the ability to manipulate the mechanisms of MAPKs activation in myogenic stem cells might increase the survival of transplanted stem cells. Our results clearly demonstrate sustained activation of all three MAPKs, ERK, JNK and p38 in myogenic stem cells after exposure to the NO inducer, NOC‐18. Inhibition of MAPKs phosphorylation by specific inhibitors revealed the anti‐apoptotic role of MAPKs in myogenic stem cells.
Upstream reactive oxidative species (ROS) signals in exogenous oxidative stress‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Lu Min , Gong Xingguo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractExogenous oxidative stress induces cell death, but the upstream molecular mechanisms involved of the process remain relatively unknown. We determined the instant dynamic reactions of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O2•−), and nitric oxide (NO)) in cells exposed to exogenous oxidative stress by using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Stimulation with extracellular H2O2 significantly increased the production of intracellular H2O2, O2•−, and NO (P < 0.01) through certain mechanisms. Increased levels of intracellular ROS resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, involving the impairment of mitochondrial activity and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondrial dysfunction significantly inhibited the proliferation of human hepatoblastoma G2 (HepG2) cells and resulted in mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) release. The results indicate that upstream ROS signals play a potential role in exogenous oxidative stress‐induced cell death through mitochondrial dysfunction and cyt c release.
Effects of anger and anger regulation styles on pain in daily life of women with fibromyalgia: A diary study
Authors: Van Middendorp Henriët , Lumley Mark A. , Moerbeek Mirjam , Jacobs Johannes W.G. , Bijlsma Johannes W.J. , Geenen Rinie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground: Fibromyalgia is characterized by an amplified pain response to various physical stimuli. Through biological and behavioural mechanisms, patients with fibromyalgia may also show an increase of pain in response to emotions. Anger, and how it is regulated, may be particularly important in chronic pain.Aim: To examine, among patients with fibromyalgia, whether anger during everyday life amplifies pain and whether general and situational anger inhibition and anger expression modulate the anger–pain link.Methods: For 28 consecutive days, 333 women with fibromyalgia (mean age 47 ± 12 years) reported their transient anger and state anger inhibition (anger‐in) and expression (anger‐out) responses regarding a significant emotional event during the day as well as end‐of‐day pain. Trait anger inhibition and expression were assessed by questionnaire. Multilevel regression analyses were performed.Results: State anger predicted higher end‐of‐day pain (p < .001) in half of the patients, but lower pain in one‐quarter of patients. State anger inhibition was unrelated to pain. Trait anger inhibition was related to more pain (p = .02). The lowest pain level was observed among patients with high trait anger expression who actually expressed their anger in an anger‐arousing situation (p = .02).Conclusions: Our study suggests that anger and a general tendency to inhibit anger predicts heightened pain in the everyday life of female patients with fibromyalgia. Psychological intervention could focus on healthy anger expression to try to mitigate the symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Fetal heart rate after vibroacoustic stimulation
Authors: Hoh Jeong Kyu , Park Young‐Sun , Cha Kyung‐Joon , Park Moon‐Il 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo define reference ranges for fetal heart rate (FHR) parameters after vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS) according to gestational age by determining the relationship between FHR and gestational age using a computerized analysis system.MethodsData were analyzed from 3453 women using 10‐minute observational recordings during nonstress testing (NST) and VAS testing. FHR parameters were analyzed according to gestational age.ResultsAll FHR parameters were related to gestational age except for mean baseline FHR, which did not vary significantly with gestational age. All other parameters followed trends similar to the NST results, except for decelerations.ConclusionFHR parameters after VAS differed significantly according to gestational age. The results suggest that the gestational age of the fetus should be considered when interpreting FHR patterns after VAS.
Expectant management of pregnancy‐related high‐velocity uterine arteriovenous shunt diagnosed after abortion
Authors: Degani Shimon , Leibovitz Zvi , Shapiro Israel , Ohel Gonen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess sonographic and clinical outcome in women with pregnancy‐related uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) diagnosed after abortion.MethodTwelve patients diagnosed as having AVMs after abortion were followed‐up until resolution of the lesions.ResultsThe 9 asymptomatic patients were managed expectantly for 4 to 10 weeks without further complications. None of the 12 required aggressive interventions such as transcatheter arterial embolization, and 6 had uncomplicated pregnancies after resolution of the lesions.ConclusionExpectant management is an option in many women with pregnancy‐related uterine AVMs.
ISO 9000/1994, ISO 9001/2000 and TQM: The performance debate revisited
Authors: Martínez‐Costa Micaela , Choi Thomas Y. , Martínez Jose A. , Martínez‐Lorente Angel R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe debate about the impact of ISO 9000/1994 on performance has been waging since its inception. While there is a general agreement regarding the positive impact of TQM on performance, there has been less agreement among the academics about the impact of ISO 9000/1994. Perhaps in response to such debate, the new ISO 9001/2000 has appeared purporting to be more in line with the TQM philosophy. As of now, how this 2000 version actually affects performance is yet to be explored. In this study, we compare the implementation of ISO 9000/1994 and ISO 9001/2000 as representing two different efforts to implement quality management practices. We evaluate its impact on company performance with a sample of 713 Spanish industrial companies. We also examine if the 2000 version of ISO is taking us closer to the implementation of TQM. Further, we depart from the past studies methodologically by considering performance as a formative construct rather than a reflective construct. Based on the mean and covariance structural (MACS) analyses, we conclude that ISO 9001/2000 certified companies do not perform noticeably better than ISO 9000/1994 or non‐certified companies. However, we find that ISO 9001/2000 certified companies apply TQM at a higher level than ISO 9000/1994 certified companies, but whether they actually perform better is less clear.
Symptom‐specific outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Chester Alexander C. , Antisdel Jastin L. , Sindwani Raj 
Published: April 2009

BackgroundAlthough multiple studies have demonstrated that symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) improve after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), a systematic large‐scale evaluation of specific symptom response has not been performed.ObjectiveTo analyze the relative effectiveness of surgery in the improvement of individual CRS symptoms.Study DesignA literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane databases, and other Web‐based sources from January 1, 1980 through June 1, 2008 was performed. Studies of 20 or more adult patients with CRS that used symptom severity scores to analyze at least 3 major CRS criteria (facial pressure, nasal obstruction, postnasal discharge, and hyposmia) or 2 major CRS criteria plus headache were included.Subjects and MethodsInclusion criteria were met by 21 of 289 ESS studies reviewed. Meta‐analysis was conducted for each symptom separately with the standardized difference between the preoperative and postoperative severity scores as the effect size (ES).ResultsA total of 2070 patients with CRS were studied a mean of 13.9 months after ESS. All symptoms demonstrated improvement compared with their respective preoperative severity scores by an overall ES of 1.19 (95% confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.41; I 2 = 81.7%) using the random‐effects model. Nasal obstruction (ES, 1.73) improved the most, with facial pain (ES, 1.13) and postnasal discharge (ES, 1.19) demonstrating moderate improvements. Hyposmia (ES, 0.97) and headache (ES, 0.98) improved the least.ConclusionThe relative improvements in major CRS symptoms and headache after surgery are similar, with the exception of nasal obstruction, which improves most.
Influenza-Impfung und medizinisches Personal – Diskrepanz zwischen offiziellen Empfehlungen und Impfraten
Authors: Wicker Sabine , Rose Markus A. 
Published: April 2009

Einleitung
Medizinisches Personal hat einerseits ein erhöhtes Risiko, an Influenza zu erkranken und kann andererseits die Erkrankung auf Patienten übertragen. Der effektivste Weg nosokomiale Influenza-Ausbrüche zu vermeiden, ist die jährliche Influenza-Schutzimpfung des medizinischen Personals. Dessen ungeachtet ist die Akzeptanz der Influenza-Impfung beim medizinischen Personal, sowohl im nationalen als auch im internationalen Umfeld gering und es werden nur niedrige Durchimpfungsraten erzielt.