bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonseptic tenosynovitis of the digital flexor tendon sheath caused by longitudinal tears in the digital flexor tendons: A retrospective study of 135 tenoscopic procedures
Authors: ARENSBURG L. , WILDERJANS H. , SIMON O. , DEWULF J. , BOUSSAUW B. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:Longitudinal tears (LTs) of the digital flexor tendons are an important cause of chronic tenosynovitis of the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS). The origin of those marginal tears is not yet fully understood. The long‐term outcome after medical and surgical treatment is guarded.Objectives:To determine the prevalence of LTs of the digital flexor tendons in a large population of horses undergoing diagnostic tenoscopy of the DFTS and to assess the outcome of surgical treatment and the factors influencing the outcome.Methods:Medical records of 130 horses with chronic tenosynovitis of the DFTS that had tenoscopic surgery between 1999 and 2009 were evaluated. One hundred and thirty‐five DFTSs were examined. LTs were diagnosed in 104 DFTSs in 101 horses and long‐term follow‐up was obtained.Results:Seventy‐eight percent of the horses with a nonseptic tenosynovitis of the DFTS had a LT. Preoperative ultrasonographic examination diagnosed tears in 76% of the cases. In showjumpers forelimbs were more frequently affected than hindlimbs (88 vs. 12%), with the right front having a higher incidence of injury than the left front (76 vs. 24%). Seventy‐nine percent of the tears involved the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and 87% were located on the lateral tendon border. Thirty‐seven horses (38%) returned to an equal or higher level of work. The use of a radiofrequency probe (coblation) was associated with a lower level of performance and decreased the cosmetic end result. Persistence of marked post operative distension of the DFTS carried a poor prognosis for return to previous level of work.Conclusions and potential relevance:A guarded prognosis for future soundness should be given to horses presented for treatment of LTs of the digital flexor tendons. The use of coblation wands had a negative effect on the final outcome.
Arthroscopic reattachment of osteochondritis dissecans cartilage flaps of the femoropatellar joint: Long‐term results
Authors: SPARKS H. D. , NIXON A. J. , FORTIER L. A. , MOHAMMED H. O. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:Long‐term efficacy of arthroscopic cartilage reattachment for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the equine femoropatellar joint is unknown.Objective:To evaluate radiographic outcome and long‐term performance of horses undergoing OCD reattachment.Hypothesis:Separated OCD cartilage flaps may be reincorporated into the joint surface by reattachment rather than flap removal.Methods:Polydioxanone pins were utilised arthroscopically to reattach OCD lesions in 40 of 44 joints from 27 horses. Cartilage was reattached when it had persisting perimeter continuity, the surface was not deeply fissured or irregular, and the cartilage was not protuberant or extensively mineralised. Bone marrow aspirate concentrate was grafted to additional areas denuded of cartilage or alongside reattached cartilage.Results:Breeds included Thoroughbred (n = 18), Quarter Horse (n = 4), Warmblood (n = 3), Standardbred (n = 1) and Arabian (n = 1). Mean age was 9.7 months. Radiographic lesion length was 1.5–6.3 cm. Reattachment alone was used in 32 of 44 affected joints, a combination of debridement and reattachment in 8 joints and debridement alone in 4 joints. One horse was destroyed due to tendon laceration. Of the remaining 26 horses, mean duration of follow‐up was 15.6 months (range 2 months–12 years). Radiographic resolution of OCD lesions treated with reattachment was significantly improved at 6 months. Twenty horses had long‐term performance data, of which 19 were sound and had reached intended athletic potential. One horse remained lame, and an additional 6 were sound but remained unbroken or were convalescing. Thus, an overall success rate based upon continued soundness in performing horses was 95% (19/20).Conclusion:Cartilage flap reattachment can salvage OCD cartilage by integration with the underlying bone.Potential relevance:Extensive OCD cartilage flaps may be salvaged by reattachment which can result in normal radiographic subchondral bone contour and long‐term athletic performance.
Exercise in Thoroughbred yearlings during sales preparation: A cohort study
Authors: BOLWELL C. F. , ROGERS C. W. , FRENCH N. P. , FIRTH E. C. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study: There is increasing evidence suggesting that early exercise in Thoroughbred racehorses may be beneficial to the development of the musculoskeletal system. At present, information on the exercise programmes and health problems of individual yearlings during a sales preparation is scant.Objectives: To describe the exercise and health problems of Thoroughbred yearlings during preparation for sales, and to identify variations in exercise between and within farms.Methods: A prospective cohort study was used to collect exercise and health information from 18 farms across New Zealand. Daily exercise records for individual horses were recorded during the studfarms' preparation for the annual national yearling sales in January 2009.Results: Data were collected from 319 yearlings, of which 283 (88.7%) were exercised (hand walking, mechanical walker and lungeing) during their preparations. Sales preparation lasted a median of 69 days (interquartile range 61–78) and differed significantly between farms (P<0.001). The median exercise time performed differed significantly by gender (P<0.001), farm (P<0.001) and month of the preparation (P<0.001), but not by type of sale (P = 0.14) or category of sales price (P = 0.12). Within certain farms, daily exercise differed between horses as did total exercise by gender and the number of days spent in the sales preparation. Lameness was the most common condition affecting yearlings and the overall incidence rate of lameness was 0.08 per 100 horse days (95% confidence interval 0.05–0.13). Incidence rates of lameness varied significantly between farms (P = 0.02), but not by age (P = 0.77), sales type (P = 0.58) or month of the preparation (P = 0.53).Conclusions and potential relevance: Yearling exercise programmes varied between and within farms. Since exercise is already being tailored for each individual horse, there may be an opportunity to allow for modifications to sales preparation with the future career in mind.
Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by ticlopidine and clopidogrel in rat caudal artery
Authors: Froldi Guglielmina , Bertin Riccardo , Dorigo Paola , Montopoli Monica , Caparrotta Laura 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Thienopyridines are prodrugs currently used as anti-aggregating agents. The aim of this study was to determine if these compounds might have vascular activity independent of hepatic bioactivation.

Methods
The direct activity of thienopyridines was studied in rat caudal arterial rings and aortic smooth muscle cells in culture.

Key findings
Both compounds (0.01 µm–100 µm) showed a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in arterial tissues precontracted with phenylephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and KCl. The relaxation induced by 100 µm ticlopidine and clopidogrel was greater than 80%. The relaxation by ticlopidine was compared with the activity of acetylcholine. These two agents showed similar potency, although ticlopidine was slightly more active. Pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME inhibited the relaxation by acetylcholine but not that by ticlopidine. To further study vasorelaxation by ticlopidine, other pharmacological inhibitors including propranolol, nifedipine and suramin were used. These compounds lacked inhibitory effects on the vasorelaxation by ticlopidine. In vascular smooth muscle cells, 1 µm ticlopidine induced a decrease in cell proliferation, while incubation with both ticlopidine and ADP or 2-methioADP led to an additive effect.

Conclusions
The data suggest that ticlopidine and clopidogrel cause relaxation of arterial tissues and influence vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation directly without hepatic biotransformation. Furthermore, the arterial relaxation induced in vitro by thienopyridines is endothelium independent, and β-adrenergic and P2 receptors are not involved.
Two-Sided Quadratic Model for Workpiece Fixturing Analysis
Authors: Luo Chen , Zhu LiMin , Ding Han 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This paper presents a novel model for workpiece positioning analysis. Existing fixturing models may underestimate the positioning error due to neglect of the curvature of one or both contacting bodies. By using surface-to-surface signed distance function, a two-sided quadratic model for fixture locating analysis is developed. A system of quadratic sensitivity equations, which relate locators’ source errors to the resulting workpiece localization error, are derived. The second-order geometric properties of both workpiece and locators are taken fully into account. The present model is more accurate than the existing linear model and one-sided quadratic model, which is verified through numerical examples. It has potential applications in fixture design, fault diagnosis, and tolerance analysis.
Production in Escherichia coli of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-
co
-3-Hydroxyvalerate) with Differing Monomer Compositions from Unrelated Carbon Sources
Authors: Chen Quan , Wang Qian , Wei Guoqing , Liang Quanfeng , Qi Qingsheng 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

The industrial production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-
co
-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) has been hindered by high cost and a complex control strategy caused by the addition of propionate. In this study, based on analysis of the PHBV biosynthesis process, we developed a PHBV biosynthetic pathway from a single unrelated carbon source via threonine biosynthesis in
Escherichia coli
. To accomplish this, we (i) overexpressed threonine deaminase, which is the key factor for providing propionyl-coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), from different host bacteria, (ii) removed the feedback inhibition of threonine by mutating and overexpressing the
thrABC
operon in
E. coli
, and (iii) knocked out the competitive pathways of catalytic conversion of propionyl-CoA to 3-hydroxyvaleryl-CoA. Finally, we constructed a series of strains and mutants which were able to produce the PHBV copolymer with differing monomer compositions in a modified M9 medium supplemented with 20 g/liter xylose. The largest 3-hydroxyvalerate fraction obtained in the copolymer was 17.5 mol%.
Nodulation of Thermopsis lupinoides by a Mesorhizobium huakuii Strain with a UniquenodAGene in Kamtchatka, Russia
Authors: Ampomah Osei Yaw , Huss-Danell Kerstin 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTVery little is known about rhizobia that form nodules onThermopsisspp. We report the isolation of aMesorhizobium huakuiistrain with a uniquenodAgene that form nodules onThermopsis lupinoidesin Kamtchatka, Russia. The isolate did not form nodules onThermopsis chinensisorThermopsis caroliniana, which suggests it may be host specific.
Microbial Community Profile of a Lead Service Line Removed from a Drinking Water Distribution System
Authors: White Colin , Tancos Matthew , Lytle Darren A. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA corroded lead service line was removed from a drinking water distribution system, and the microbial community was profiled using 16S rRNA gene techniques. This is the first report of the characterization of a biofilm on the surface of a corroded lead drinking water service line. The majority of phylotypes have been linked to heavy-metal-contaminated environments.
Chromosomal Rearrangements in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strains Isolated from Asymptomatic Human Carriers
Authors: Matthews T. David , Rabsch Wolfgang , Maloy Stanley 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Host-specific serovars of
Salmonella enterica
often have large-scale chromosomal rearrangements that occur by recombination between
rrn
operons. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain these rearrangements: (i) replichore imbalance from horizontal gene transfer drives the rearrangements to restore balance, or (ii) the rearrangements are a consequence of the host-specific lifestyle. Although recent evidence has refuted the replichore balance hypothesis, there has been no direct evidence for the lifestyle hypothesis. To test this hypothesis, we determined the
rrn
arrangement type for 20
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi strains obtained from human carriers at periodic intervals over multiple years. These strains were also phage typed and analyzed for rearrangements that occurred over long-term storage versus routine culturing. Strains isolated from the same carrier at different time points often exhibited different arrangement types. Furthermore, colonies isolated directly from the Dorset egg slants used to store the strains also had different arrangement types. In contrast, colonies that were repeatedly cultured always had the same arrangement type. Estimated replichore balance of isolated strains did not improve over time, and some of the rearrangements resulted in decreased replicore balance. Our results support the hypothesis that the restricted lifestyle of host-specific
Salmonella
is responsible for the frequent chromosomal rearrangements in these serovars.

IMPORTANCE
Although it was previously thought that bacterial chromosomes were stable, comparative genomics has demonstrated that bacterial chromosomes are dynamic, undergoing rearrangements that change the order and expression of genes. While most
Salmonella
strains have a conserved chromosomal arrangement type, rearrangements are very common in host-specific
Salmonella
strains. This study suggests that chromosome rearrangements in the host-specific
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi, the causal agent of typhoid fever, occur within the human host over time. The results also indicate that rearrangements can occur during long-term maintenance on laboratory medium. Although these genetic changes do not limit survival under slow-growth conditions, they may limit the survival of
Salmonella
Typhi in other environments, as predicted for the role of pseudogenes and genome reduction in niche-restricted bacteria.
High Frequency of PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 Mutations in Endometrial Cancer Elucidates a Novel Mechanism for Regulation of PTEN Protein Stability
Authors: Cheung Lydia W.T. , Hennessy Bryan T. , Li Jie , Yu Shuangxing , Myers Andrea P. , Djordjevic Bojana , Lu Yiling , Stemke-Hale Katherine , Dyer Mary D. , Zhang Fan , Ju Zhenlin , Cantley Lewis C. , Scherer Steven E. , Liang Han , Lu Karen H. , Broaddus Russell R. , Mills Gordon B. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
We demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway aberrations occur in &gt;80% of endometrioid endometrial cancers, with coordinate mutations of multiple PI3K pathway members being more common than predicted by chance. PIK3R1 (p85α) mutations occur at a higher rate in endometrial cancer than in any other tumor lineage, and PIK3R2 (p85β), not previously demonstrated to be a cancer gene, is also frequently mutated. The dominant activation event in the PI3K pathway appears to be PTEN protein loss. However, in tumors with retained PTEN protein, PI3K pathway mutations phenocopy PTEN loss, resulting in pathway activation. KRAS mutations are common in endometrioid tumors activating independent events from PI3K pathway aberrations. Multiple PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 mutations demonstrate gain of function, including disruption of a novel mechanism of pathway regulation wherein p85α dimers bind and stabilize PTEN. Taken together, the PI3K pathway represents a critical driver of endometrial cancer pathogenesis and a novel therapeutic target.
Significance: Our data indicate that the PI3K pathway is targeted in the vast majority of endometrioid endometrial cancers leading to PI3K pathway activation. Frequent oncogenic mutations in PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 provide evidence for their role in endometrial cancer pathophysiology with patient-specific mutations revealing a novel mechanism by which p85α regulates the PI3K pathway through stabilizing PTEN. Cancer Discovery; 1(2); 170–85. ©2011 AACR.
Read the Commentary on this article by Herrero-Gonzalez and Di Cristofano, p. 106
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 91
Dose-finding design for multi-drug combinations
Authors: Wages Nolan A , Conaway Mark R , O'Quigley John 
Published: June 2011

Background Most of the current designs used for Phase I dose finding trials in oncology will either involve only a single cytotoxic agent or will impose some implicit ordering among the doses. The goal of the studies is to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the highest dose that can be administered with an acceptable level of toxicity. A key working assumption of these methods is the monotonicity of the dose–toxicity curve. Purpose Here we consider situations in which the monotonicity assumption may fail. These studies are becoming increasingly common in practice, most notably, in phase I trials that involve combinations of agents. Our focus is on studies where there exist pairs of treatment combinations for which the ordering of the probabilities of a dose-limiting toxicity cannot be known a priori. Methods We describe a new dose-finding design which can be used for multiple-drug trials and can be applied to this kind of problem. Our methods proceed by laying out all possible orderings of toxicity probabilities that are consistent with the known orderings among treatment combinations and allowing the continual reassessment method (CRM) to provide efficient estimates of the MTD within these orders. The design can be seen to simplify to the CRM when the full ordering is known. Results We study the properties of the design via simulations that provide comparisons to the Bayesian approach to partial orders (POCRM) of Wages, Conaway, and O'Quigley. The POCRM was shown to perform well when compared to other suggested methods for partial orders. Therefore, we comapre our approach to it in order to assess the performance of the new design. Limitations A limitation concerns the number of possible orders. There are dose-finding studies with combinations of agents that can lead to a large number of possible orders. In this case, it may not be feasible to work with all possible orders. Conclusions The proposed design demonstrates the ability to effectively estimate MTD combinations in partially ordered dosefinding studies. Because it relaxes the monotonicity assumption, it can be considered a multivariate generalization of the CRM. Hence, it can serve as a link between single and multiple-agent dosefinding trials.
Early death rate in acute promyelocytic leukemia remains high despite all-trans retinoic acid
Authors: Park Jae H. , Qiao Baozhen , Panageas Katherine S. , Schymura Maria J. , Jurcic Joseph G. , Rosenblat Todd L. , Altman Jessica K. , Douer Dan , Rowe Jacob M. , Tallman Martin S. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The incidence of early death in a large population of unselected patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remains unknown because of the paucity of outcome data available for patients treated outside of clinical trials. We undertook an epidemiologic study to estimate the true rate of early death with data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. A total of 1400 patients with a diagnosis of APL between 1992 and 2007 were identified. The overall early death rate was 17.3%, and only a modest change in early death rate was observed over time. The early death rate was significantly higher in patients aged ≥ 55 years (24.2%; P < .0001). The 3-year survival improved from 54.6% to 70.1% over the study period but was significantly lower in patients aged ≥ 55 years (46.4%; P < .0001). This study shows that the early death rate remains high despite the wide availability of all-trans retinoic acid and appears significantly higher than commonly reported in multicenter clinical trials. These data highlight a need to educate health care providers across a wide range of medical fields, who may be the first to evaluate patients with APL, to have a major effect on early death and the cure rate of APL.
Human teneurin-1 is a direct target of the homeobox transcription factor EMX2 at a novel alternate promoter
Authors: Beckmann Jan , Vitobello Antonio , Ferralli Jacqueline , Brož Daniela Kenzelmann , Rijli Filippo M , Chiquet-Ehrismann Ruth 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Teneurin-1 is a member of a family of type II transmembrane proteins conserved from C.elegans to vertebrates. Teneurin expression in vertebrates is best studied in mouse and chicken, where the four members teneurin-1 to -4 are predominantly expressed in the developing nervous system in area specific patterns. Based on their distinct, complementary expression a possible function in the establishment of proper connectivity in the brain was postulated. However, the transcription factors contributing to these distinctive expression patterns are largely unknown. Emx2 is a homeobox transcription factor, known to be important for area specification in the developing cortex. A study of Emx2 knock-out mice suggested a role of Emx2 in regulating patterned teneurin expression.

Results
5'RACE of human teneurin-1 revealed new alternative untranslated exons that are conserved in mouse and chicken. Closer analysis of the conserved region around the newly identified transcription start revealed promoter activity that was induced by EMX2. Mutation of a predicted homeobox binding site decreased the promoter activity in different reporter assays in vitro and in vivo in electroporated chick embryos. We show direct in vivo binding of EMX2 to the newly identified promoter element and finally confirm that the endogenous alternate transcript is specifically upregulated by EMX2.

Conclusions
We found that human teneurin-1 is directly regulated by EMX2 at a newly identified and conserved promoter region upstream of the published transcription start site, establishing teneurin-1 as the first human EMX2 target gene. We identify and characterize the EMX2 dependent promoter element of human teneurin-1.
Anti-hLAMP2-antibodies and dual positivity for anti-GBM and MPO-ANCA in a patient with relapsing pulmonary-renal syndrome
Authors: Etter Christoph , Gaspert Ariana , Regenass Stephan , Wüthrich Rudolf P , Kistler Thomas , Kain Renate , Cohen Clemens D 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary-renal syndrome associated with anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies, also known as Goodpasture's syndrome, is a rare but acute and life-threatening condition. One third of patients presenting as anti-GBM antibody positive pulmonary-renal syndrome or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis are also tested positive for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). Whilst anti-GBM disease is considered a non-relapsing condition, the long-term course of double-positive patients is less predictable.

Case Presentation
We report a patient with such dual positivity, who presented with pulmonary hemorrhage, crescentic glomerulonephritis and membranous nephropathy. Plasmapheresis in combination with immunosuppresive therapy led to a rapid remission but the disease relapsed after two years. The serum of the patient was tested positive for antibodies to human lysosomal membrane protein 2 (hLAMP2), a novel autoantigen in patients with active small-vessel vasculitis (SVV). The anti-hLAMP2 antibody levels correlated positively with clinical disease activity in this patient.

Conclusion
We hypothesize that this antibody may indicate a clinical course similar to ANCA-associated vasculitis in double-positive patients. However, this needs to be confirmed on comprehensive patient cohorts.