bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A species assemblage approach to comparative phylogeography of birds in southern Australia
Authors: Dolman Gaynor , Joseph Leo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe present a novel approach to investigating the divergence history of biomes and their component species using single‐locus data prior to investing in multilocus data. We use coalescent‐based hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation (HABC) methods (MsBayes) to estimate the number and timing of discrete divergences across a putative barrier and to assign species to their appropriate period of co‐divergence. We then apply a coalescent‐based full Bayesian model of divergence (IMa) to suites of species shown to have simultaneously diverged. The full Bayesian model results in reduced credibility intervals around divergence times and allows other parameters associated with divergence to be summarized across species assemblages. We apply this approach to 10 bird species that are wholly or patchily discontinuous in semi‐arid habitats between Australia's southwest (SW) and southeast (SE) mesic zones. There was substantial support for up to three discrete periods of divergence. HABC indicates that two species wholly restricted to more mesic habitats diverged earliest, between 594,382 and 3,417,699 years ago, three species from semi‐arid habitats diverged between 0 and 1,508,049 years ago, and four diverged more recently, between 0 and 396,843 years ago. Eight species were assigned to three periods of co‐divergence with confidence. For full Bayesian analyses, we accounted for uncertainty in the two remaining species by analyzing all possible suites of species. Estimates of divergence times from full Bayesian divergence models ranged between 429,105 and 2,006,355; 67,172 and 663,837; and 24,607 and 171,085 for the earliest, middle, and most recent periods of co‐divergence, respectively. This single‐locus approach uses the power of multitaxa coalescent analyses as an efficient means of generating a foundation for further, targeted research using multilocus and genomic tools applied to an understudied biome.
Metal–Ligand Electron Transfer in 4d and 5d Group 9 Transition Metal Complexes with Pyridine, Diimine Ligands
Authors: Sieh Daniel , Schlimm Mandy , Andernach Lars , Angersbach Friedrich , Nückel Stefan , Schöffel Julia , Šušnjar Nevena , Burger Peter 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOur recent results of the chemistry of group 9 Rh and Ir metal complexes bearing the ubiquitous pyridine, diimine (PDI) terdentate nitrogen donor are reviewed. Examples reflecting the special nature of the PDI ligand include a facile C–H activation process and the stabilization of a very rare late transition metal iridium nitrido compound, (PDI)Ir≡N, and its direct hydrogenation to the corresponding amido complex according to (PDI)Ir≡N + H2 → (PDI)Ir–NH2. The amount of electron transfer to the PDI ligands in (PDI)Rh,Ir–R,X complexes encompassing a variety of R,X ligands with weak/strong σ‐ and π‐donors/acceptors was analyzed in terms of the innocence of the PDI ligand. With this regard, a combination of DFT methods, X‐ray‐crystallographic data, and, in particular, 13C NMR spectroscopy was employed for a series of square‐planar Rh and Ir complexes including a large number of new representatives. Their syntheses, spectroscopic characterization, and X‐ray crystal structures are reported.
Selective Saccharide Recognition Using Modular Diboronic Acid Fluorescent Sensors
Authors: Xing Zhitao , Wang Hui‐Chen , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian , James Tony D. , Zhao Jianzhang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractModular diboronic acid receptors R‐1 and S‐1 were synthesized and found to be selective fluorescent chemosensors for saccharides. The fluorescence intensity of R‐1 and S‐1 increased on addition of saccharides due to the formation of intramolecular 1:1 cyclic complexes. In general, R‐1 has higher binding constants and produces a higher fluorescent response with saccharides than S‐1.
Structural changes in metallothionein isoforms revealed by capillary electrophoresis and Brdicka reaction
Authors: Ryvolova Marketa , Hynek David , Skutkova Helena , Adam Vojtech , Provaznik Ivo , Kizek Rene 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMetallothionein (MT) as a potential cancer marker is at the center of interest and its properties, functions and behavior under various conditions is intensively studied. In the present study, two major mammalian MT isoforms (MT‐1 and MT‐2) were separated using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with UV detector in order to describe their basic behavior. Under the optimized conditions, the separation of both isoforms was enabled as well as estimation of detection limits as subunits and units of ng per μL for MT‐2 and MT‐1, respectively. Further, the effects of thermal treatment and the presence of denaturing agent such as urea on MT‐1 and MT‐2 isoforms were studied by CE‐UV. Thermal treatment caused an increase in the signals of both isoforms. A new parameter called precipitation rate has been defined based on this finding. This parameter can be expressed as a slope of the linear regression of the time dependency curve recalculated on the MT concentration. The thermal precipitation rate for MT‐1 and MT‐2 was determined as 1.1 and 0.9 ng of MT/min, respectively. The chemical precipitation rate calculated from the linear regression for both isoforms provided the same value of 0.25 ng of MT/min. The results were confirmed by manual spectrometric measurements and by differential pulse voltammetry Brdicka reaction. Based on these results, a model of MT behavior under the conditions studied was suggested.
Effect of heavy oil exposure on antibacterial activity and expression of immune-related genes in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
Authors: Song Jun-Young , Nakayama Kei , Kokushi Emiko , Ito Kazuki , Uno Seiichi , Koyama Jiro , Rahman M. Habibur , Murakami Yasunori , Kitamura Shin-Ichi 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Heavy oil (HO) pollution is one of the most important environmental issues globally. However, little is known about the immunotoxicity of HO in fish. We therefore investigated the effects of HO exposure on immunocompetence and expression of immune-related genes in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. To test immunocompetency, serum collected from the fish was mixed with Edwardsiella tarda, plated, and the resultant numbers of bacterial colonies were counted. Plates with serum from HO-exposed fish (5 d postexposure [dpe]) had significantly higher numbers of colonies than those of the untreated control group, suggesting that HO exposure suppresses immunocompetency. Downregulation of the immunoglobulin light chain (IgM) gene in HO-exposed fish at 5 dpe was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that IgM-mediated immunity is suppressed by HO exposure. We measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in the liver of the fish. Low molecular weight PAHs were found to be taken up at high concentrations in fish liver; therefore, they are likely the cause of immune suppression in the fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:828–835. © 2012 SETAC
Flood changes during the past 50 years in Wujiang River, South China
Authors: Wang Li‐Na , Shao Quan‐Xi , Chen Xiao‐Hong , Li Yan , Wang Da‐Gang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractChanging trends of peak flood and flood duration in the Wujiang River Basin are detected with the help of the Mann–Kendall test and the Pettitt analysis during the past 50 years. Results indicate that the peak flood and the flood duration at Lishi Station have different changing features. The peak flood showed only marginally increasing trend, whereas the flood duration exhibited decreasing trend at the significance level of 90%. The result shows a weak positive correlation between the peak flood and the flood duration. The changes of flood duration are influenced by the total rainfall duration, which is in downward trend at significance level 90%. In addition, the changing trends of peak flood are similar to the total rainfall amount. In the change‐point analysis, it was found that the change points for the peak flood and flood duration series were in the years 1993 and 1966, respectively. Human activities such as the construction of reservoirs were the main driving forces causing the change of flood duration. The periodicity of the peak flood during the period 1955–2007 at Lishi Station is detected by using the wavelet analysis. The result indicates that the peak flood at Lishi Station displayed alternation between big floods and small floods on the 25‐ to 26‐year period. At the same timescale, the peak flood of Wujiang River showed an evidence of change between big floods and small floods. It was essential to be prepared and aware of the consequences of climate changes and human influences affecting the water resources in the Wujiang River Basin. This result is expected to draw more attention from the local governments in its decision making and water resource management. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cycle structure of autotopisms of quasigroups and latin squares
Authors: Stones Douglas S. , Vojtěchovský Petr , Wanless Ian M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn autotopism of a Latin square is a triple (α, β, γ) of permutations such that the Latin square is mapped to itself by permuting its rows by α, columns by β, and symbols by γ. Let Atp(n) be the set of all autotopisms of Latin squares of ordern. Whether a triple (α, β, γ) of permutations belongs to Atp(n) depends only on the cycle structures of α, β, and γ. We establish a number of necessary conditions for (α, β, γ) to be in Atp(n), and use them to determine Atp(n) forn⩽17. For generaln, we determine if (α, α, α)∈Atp(n) (that is, if αis an automorphism of some quasigroup of ordern), provided that either αhas at most three cycles other than fixed points or that the non‐fixed points of α are in cycles of the same length. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs
Aerobic biodegradation and inhibition kinetics of poly‐aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a petrochemical industry wastewater in the presence of biosurfactants
Authors: Sponza Delia Teresa , Gok Oguzhan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKROUND: In Izmir, Turkey, wastewaters from the petrochemical industry are treated using conventional activated sludge systems. A significant proportion of poly‐aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with high‐molecular weights remains in this treatment system and inhibits the biological activity. Biosurfactants increase PAHs degradation by enhancing the solubility of the petroleum components. The aerobic inhibition kinetics of PAHs has not previously been investigated in the presence of biosurfactants for a real petrochemical industry wastewater.RESULTS: Among the kinetic models used (Monod‐type, zero, first‐order and second‐order) it was found that the Monod kinetic was effective for describing the biodegradation of PAHs in petrochemcal industry wastewater in the presence of three biosurfactants, namely Rhamnolipid (RD), Surfactine (SR) and Emulsan (EM) in an aerobic activated sludge reactor (AASR). The maximum PAH removal rate (Rmax) and specific growth rate of PAH degrading bacteria (µmax) increased, while the half saturation concentration of PAH (Ks) decreased at 15 mg L−1 RD concentration compared with the control without biosurfactant at a sludge retention time (SRT) of 25 days.CONCLUSION: PAH oxidation is typified by competitive inhibition at RD concentrations > 15 mg L−1 resulting in increases in Ks values with PAH accumulation. Low inhibition constant (KID) values reflect difficulties in the metabolizability of PAHs. Metabolite production decreased at RD = 25 mg L−1 in the PAHs indeno (1,2,3‐cd) pyrene (IcdP), flourene (FLN), phenanthrene (PHE) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Process synthesis and economics of combined biomethanol and CHP energy production derived from biomass wastes
Authors: Kempegowda Rajesh S. , Pannir Selvam P.V. , Skreiberg Øyvind , Tran Khanh‐Quang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: This paper reports on process synthesis and economics of combined methanol and CHP (combined heat and power) energy production from crude biooil, waste glycerol produced in biodiesel factories and biomass wastes using integrated reactor design for hydrogen rich syngas. This new process consists of three process steps: (a) pyrolysis of organic waste material to produce biooil, char and pyrogas; (b) steam assisted hydrogasification of the crude glycerol wastes, biooil mixed with pyrogas for hydrogen rich gas; and (c) a low temperature methanol synthesis process. The H2‐rich gas remaining after methanol synthesis is recycled back to the pyrolysis reactor, the catalytic hydro‐gasification process and the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG).RESULTS: The breakeven price of the Hbiomethanol process yields positive net financial NPV and IRR above 600 USD per tonne. The total capital cost for a small‐scale methanol plant of capacity 2 tonne h−1 combined with a cogeneration plant of capacity 2 MWe power is estimated to be 170.5 million USD.CONCLUSION: Recycling gas allows the methanol synthesis reactor to perform at a relatively lower pressure than conventionally while the plant still maintains a high methanol yield. The integrated hydrogasification reactor and energy recovery design process minimizes heat loss and increases the process thermal efficiency. The Hbiomethanol process can convert any condensed carbonaceous material and liquid wastes, to produce methanol and CHP. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of MBEC™‐HTP biofilm model for studies of implant associated infections
Authors: Coraça‐Hubér Debora C. , Fille Manfred , Hausdorfer Johann , Pfaller Kristian , Nogler Michael 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe bacteria in implant‐related infections can evade host defenses by forming biofilms. The more we understand biofilm behavior, the better we can fight against then clinically. In vitro models for biofilms allow tests simulating in vivo conditions. In this study we evaluated the Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration‐High Throughput Plates (MBEC™‐HTP) as biofilm in vitro model for studies of implant associated infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms were grown on MBEC™‐HTP. To ensure the biofilm formation, antibiotic susceptibility tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out. Susceptibility tests were carried out using gentamicin, vancomycin, rifampicin, fosfomycin, clindamycin, and linezolid. Colony forming units counting were carried out. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) were estimated. The CFU counting showed potency of rifampicin and daptomycin against S. epidermidis biofilms and rifampicin against S. aureus biofilms. SEM images showed proteic material in contact with cells. The differences between BIC and MIC demonstrated the biofilm formation as well as the SEM images. Rifampicin and daptomycin are good choices against biofilm related infections. Moreover, after suggested modifications, the model used in this study is eligible to further studies of implant associated infections. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1176–1180, 2012
Optimisation of microwave‐assisted extraction for functional properties of Vitis coignetiae extract by response surface methodology
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Ku , Do Jeong‐Ryong , Lim Tae‐Soo , Akram Kashif , Yoon Sung‐Ran , Kwon Joong‐Ho 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Consumer preference for selection of natural substances, with their safe and beneficial effects on the human body as well as various physiological efficacies, is increasing. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to monitor the extraction characteristics of Vitis coignetiae (wild grape) and thereby optimise the functional properties of the resulting extract.RESULTS: A maximum total polyphenol content (TPC) of 415.74 mg per 100 g was obtained at a microwave power (MWP) of 102.36 W, an ethanol concentration (ETC) of 42.62% (by volume) and an extraction time (EXT) of 12.35 min. Electron‐donating ability (EDA) reached a maximum of 69.20% at 125.65 W MWP, 41.81% ETC and 13.65 min EXT. The maximum nitrite‐scavenging ability (NSA) obtained was 87.50% at 119.13 W MWP, 37.41% ETC and 13.20 min EXT. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed a maximum pseudo‐activity (SDA) of 56.74% at 69.54 W MWP, 94.88% ETC and 10.32 min EXT. The effect of ETC was most prominent among the studied factors.CONCLUSION: Based on the superimposition of four‐dimensional response surfaces with respect to TPC, EDA, NSA and SDA, the optimum ranges of extraction conditions were 70–150 W MWP, 30–50% ETC and 8–18 min EXT. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Regeneration of mastoid air cells using polycaprolactone/β‐tricalcium phosphate biocomposites: An experimental study
Authors: Jang Chul Ho , Cho Yong Beom , Kim Jun Sung , Lee Hyeong Jin , Kim Geun Hyung 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The study aimed to regenerate pneumatic air cells in guinea pig bulla using three‐dimenisonal (3D) biocomposite scaffolds consisting of polycaprolactone/β‐tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β‐TCP).Study Design:Prospective controlled study in experimental animals.Methods:PCL/β‐TCP composites were implanted into the bulla with mucosa preservation in group A (n = 10). PCL/β‐TCP composites coated with collagen were implanted in group B (n = 10). After 12 weeks, the bullae were extracted and evaluated by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and were processed for histological analyses.Results:In group A, micro‐CT showed a well‐maintained honeycomb appearance of micropores without obstruction. Regeneration of the mucosa was noted inside the pores of the 3D scaffold. However, partial obstruction of the micropores with new bone formation was evident in group B.Conclusions:Group A showed more satisfactory mucosal regeneration into the micropores. Our results indicate that the 3D scaffold may be amenable for use during mastoidectomy. Further studies for gas exchange in the regenerated mucosa are necessary.
Volumetric changes of the anterolateral thigh free flap following adjuvant radiotherapy in total parotidectomy reconstruction
Authors: Higgins Kevin M. , Erovic Boban M. , Ravi Ananth , Yeung Robert , Lee Justin W. , Yao Christopher , Enepekides Danny J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate volume change in anterolateral thigh free flaps pre‐ and postradiotherapy and to compare computed tomography (CT) volumetric analysis with intraoperative water displacement calculation.Study Design:Matched pair cohort study.Methods:Thirteen patients with advanced carcinoma of the parotid gland underwent anterolateral thigh free flap reconstruction following total parotidectomy resections and neck dissection. Before the initiation of external beam radiation, routine CT planning scans were done on all patients. A minimum of 6 months after surgery, a CT scan of the head and neck was carried out, and a detailed volumetric assessment was performed.Results:The mean preradiotherapy flap volume was 94.3 mL, and the postradiotherapy volume was 84.8 mL. The mean volume reduction in all 13 patients was 8.12%.Conclusions:In this prospective study we observed an 8% volume loss in anterolateral thigh free flaps 6 months postradiotherapy. This loss of volume should be taken into account when reconstructing large defects of the face and lateral skull base. Intraoperative water displacement measurement is a useful adjunctive tool for shaping free tissue transfers that are to be used for volume replacement and soft‐tissue fill‐in. Laryngoscope, 2012
Direct health care costs of laryngeal diseases and disorders
Authors: Cohen Seth M. , Kim Jaewhan , Roy Nelson , Asche Carl , Courey Mark 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To estimate the annual direct costs associated with the diagnosis and management of laryngeal disorders.Study Design:Retrospective analysis of data from a large, nationally representative, administrative US claims database.Methods:Patients with a laryngeal disorder based on International Classification of Diseases,Ninth Revision‐Clinical Modification codes from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008 and who were continuously enrolled for 12 months were included. Data regarding age, gender, geographic location, and type of physician providing the diagnosis were collected. Medical encounter, medication, and procedure costs were determined. Total and mean costs per person for 12 months were determined.Results:Of almost 55 million individuals in the database, 309,300 patients with 12 months follow‐up, mean age of 47.3 years (standard deviation: 21.3), and 63.5% female were identified. Acute and chronic laryngitis, nonspecific causes of dysphonia, and benign vocal fold lesions were the most common etiologies. The total annual direct costs ranged between $178,524,552 to $294,827,671, with mean costs per person between $577.18 and $953.21. Pharmacy claims accounted for 20.1% to 33.3%, procedure claims 50.4% to 69.9%, and medical encounter claims 16.3% to 8.6% of overall direct costs. Antireflux medication accounted for roughly 10% and antibiotics 6% of annual direct costs.Conclusions:This study establishes the economic impact of the assessment and management of patients with laryngeal disorders and permits cost comparisons with other diseases. Laryngoscope, 2012
Tumor necrosis factor‐α receptor expression correlates with mucosal changes and biofilm presence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
Authors: Karosi Tamás , Csomor Péter , Sziklai István 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Biofilms might play a potential role in the pathogenesis and high recurrence rate of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Biofilm persistence has been thought to correlate with epithelial damage, subepithelial inflammatory cell infiltration, and tumor necrosis factor‐α receptor (TNFR) expression in CRSwNP.Study Design:Case‐control experimental study.Methods:A total of 36 patients with CRSwNP undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were analyzed. The negative control group consisted of eight patients undergoing septoplasty for nasal obstruction without CRSwNP. The nasal polyps and inferior turbinate mucosa samples applied as negative controls were processed by hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) and Gram staining and TNFR‐I and TNFR‐II–specific immunofluorescent assay.Results:Biofilm was detected in 29 of 36 patients with CRSwNP and in none of the eight negative controls. Staining by HE showed strong correlation with the results of Gram staining protocol. In the biofilm‐positive cases, TNFR‐I and TNFR‐II displayed homogeneous pattern of significantly increased epithelial expression compared to the biofilm‐negative nasal polyps. In cases of biofilm absence, the expression pattern of TNF‐α receptors was characterized by increased TNFR‐II–specific immunoreaction. It was found that biofilm detectability corresponded to the integrity of nasal epithelium and to the dominant inflammatory cell type of the subepithelial layer.Conclusions:Persisting biofilms might increase the epithelial sensitivity against TNF‐α that result in epithelium destruction. Coexistence of biofilms and increased TNFR expression might explain the inflammatory mucosal changes, functional disorders, and therapy resistance featuring CRSwNP. Laryngoscope,, 2012