bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive Fungal Infections in Lung Transplant Recipients Not Receiving Routine Systemic Antifungal Prophylaxis: 12‐Year Experience at a University Lung Transplant Center
Authors: Pinney Marlena F. , Rosenberg Amy F. , Hampp Christian , Schain Denise , Akindipe Olufemi , Baz Maher 
Published: May 2011

Study Objective. To determine the rate of invasive fungal infection among the lung transplant population at a center that does not provide routine systemic antifungal prophylaxis, and to compare that rate with rates currently reported in the literature.Design. Retrospective medical record review.Setting. University‐affiliated lung transplant center.Patients. Two hundred forty‐two adults without cystic fibrosis who underwent lung transplantation between March 1, 1994, and June 30, 2006.Measurements and Main Results. Patients were followed by the adult lung transplant service. Twenty‐three cases of invasive fungal infections were identified in 22 patients, resulting in a 9.1% overall invasive fungal infection rate in our study population. Aspergillus infections were the most common type of fungal infection identified, occurring in 11 (47.8%) of the 23 cases, with an overall rate of 4.5% (11/242 patients). Invasive fungal infections in lung transplant recipients have been reported in the literature at a rate 15–35%, with rates of Aspergillus infections reported as 3–15%.Conclusion. Despite the absence of routine systemic antifungal prophylaxis, the overall invasive fungal infection rate and the Aspergillus infection rate in these lung transplant recipients do not appear to be higher than the rates reported in the literature.
IL-13Rα1 Expression on β-Cell–Specific T Cells in NOD Mice
Authors: Rasche Sarah S. , Phillips Michele , McInerney Marcia F. , Sercarz Eli E. , Quinn Anthony 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
Immunotherapy using peptides from the β-cell antigen GAD65 can preserve glucose homeostasis in diabetes-prone NOD mice; however, the precise mechanisms that arrest islet-reactive T cells remain unresolved. Our previous work revealed that a dominant GAD65 epitope contained two overlapping I-Ag7–restricted determinants, 524-538 and 530-543, with the former associated with amelioration of hyperglycemia. Here, we sought to discover whether p524-538–specific T cells could directly regulate islet-reactive T cells.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Prediabetic NOD mice were used to determine the relationship between peptide p524-538–induced interleukin (IL)-13 and regulation of islet autoimmunity. Pancreatic lymph node (PLN) cells from mice at distinct stages of islet inflammation, peri-insulitis versus invasive insulitis, were harvested to establish the expression pattern of IL-13 receptor α1 (IL-13Rα1) on islet-associated T cells.

RESULTS
Peptide p524-538 preferentially induced IL-13–producing T cells that antagonized the release of γ-interferon by spontaneously arising GAD65 autoimmunity, and recombinant human IL-13 inhibited proliferation of islet-reactive clonotypic T cells. A subset of CD4+ T cells in NOD and NOD.BDC2.5 T cell receptor transgenic mice expressed functional IL-13Rα1, which induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 in the presence of cognate cytokine. Notably, the number of IL-13Rα1+ T cells was heightened in the PLN of young NOD mice when compared with older female counterparts with advanced insulitis. Immunization with p524-538 preserved IL-13Rα1 expression on PLN T cells.

CONCLUSIONS
IL-13 may be important for regulating autoimmunity in the early stages of insulitis, and the loss of IL-13Rα1 on islet-reactive T cells may be a biomarker for fading regional immune regulation and progression to overt diabetes.
Heterogeneity of Altered Cytokine Levels Across the Clinical Spectrum of Diabetes in China
Authors: Xiang Yufei , Zhou Pengcheng , Li Xiaojue , Huang Gan , Liu Zhenqi , Xu Aimin , Leslie R. David , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between selected cytokines and diabetes in Chinese subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Adult patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (n = 53), latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) (n = 250), and type 2 diabetes (n = 285) from multiple centers were compared with normal subjects (n = 196). We centrally tested serum GAD antibodies (GADAs), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adiponectin.

RESULTS
After adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, all diabetes types had increased IL-6 and LCN2 (P &lt; 0.01), and all four cytokines were increased in LADA (P &lt; 0.01). In type 1 diabetes, adiponectin but not hs-CRP was increased (P &lt; 0.01), whereas in type 2 diabetes, hs-CRP but not adiponectin was increased (P &lt; 0.01). Adiponectin was correlated positively with GADA titer and negatively with hs-CRP (P &lt; 0.01 for both).

CONCLUSIONS
In China, inflammatory markers are increased in all three major types of diabetes, but probably for different reasons, even in autoimmune diabetes.
Symmetry preserving regularization with a cutoff
Authors: Cynolter Gabor , Lendvai Endre 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
A Lorentz and gauge symmetry preserving regularization method is proposed in 4 dimensions based on a momentum cutoff. We use the conditions of gauge invariance or equivalently the freedom to shift the loop momentum to define the evaluation of the terms carrying even number of Lorentz indices, e.g. proportional to k
µ
k
ν. The remaining scalar integrals are calculated with a four dimensional momentum cutoff. The finite terms (independent of the cutoff) are free of ambiguities coming from subtractions in non-trivial cases. Finite parts of the result are equal to that of dimensional regularization.
Surface changes on a landslide affected high bluff in Dunaszekcső (Hungary)
Authors: Bugya Titusz , Fábián Szabolcs , Görcs Noémi , Kovács István , Radvánszky Bertalan 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This article presents results from the survey conducted on Dunaszekcső loess bluff after the last major rotational sliding event in 2008. The study area is a region of 25×30 m located on loess bluff close to the recent scarp. The relative elevation change of the surface was surveyed in 2.5×5 m grid network in relation to a marked base point. The survey was conducted using simple equipment such as analogue theodolite and leveller with regular time interval during a year and control measurements were taken after six months.
It was assumed that measurements to the nearest cm are sufficient to recognize vertical displacements of the surface. The study focused on identifying the pattern of general vertical movements for the study area by the relative movements of individual points. Our results show significant cm scale vertical displacements. Most of the grid points have a slow decreasing tendency, but close to the scarp a more significant displacement was found. The main character of the spatial pattern is subsidence, which is more definitive on southern part of the study area than the northern part. Our observations correlate with the broader geomorphological characteristics of loess bluffs along the Danube.
Miocene vegetation pattern and climate change in the northwestern Central Paratethys domain (Czech and Slovak Republic)
Authors: Kováčová Marianna , Doláková Nela , Kováč Michal 
Published: May 2011

Miocene vegetation pattern and climate change in the northwestern Central Paratethys domain (Czech and Slovak Republic)The case study area covers the slopes of the tectonically quiet European platform and foreland of the tectonically active Carpathian mountain chain (Carpathian Foredeep and Vienna Basin). Therefore the research on pollen spectra mirrors not only the evolution of landscape in two areas with different geodynamics, but also climatic changes in the Central Paratethys domain during the studied time interval. According to the pollen data, the Early to Middle Miocene vegetation reflects subtropical climate with very mild (negligible) cooling events during this period. This is indicated by common occurrence of thermophilous taxa in the whole sedimentary record. The Middle Miocene landscape evolution, conditioned by uplift of the Carpathian mountain chain and subsidence of adjacent lowlands, led to commencement of the altitudinal zonation. The terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems confirm a subtropical climate (Miocene Climatic Optimum, Mi3 event) with some possible long term changes in humidity. The Late Miocene paleogeographical changes, but also general climatic oscillations in the northwestern Central Paratethys realm, resulted in decrease of the number of thermophilous taxa during this time (change in latitudinal position of the vegetation cover). Variously high mountain relief of the uplifted mountain chains (altitudinal zonality) created ideal conditions for mixed mesophytic forests (to open woodland — open grassland type), still with presence of evergreen taxa. A subtropical climate with gradual transition to warm temperate climatic conditions is supposed on the basis of the reconstructed vegetation cover.
Effect of concentration on the accuracy of convective imaging distribution of a gadolinium-based surrogate tracer
Authors: Asthagiri Ashok R. , Walbridge Stuart , Heiss John D. , Lonser Russell R. 
Published: May 2011

Object
Accurate real-time imaging of coinfused surrogate tracers can be used to determine the convective distribution of therapeutic agents. To assess the effect that a concentration of a Gd-based surrogate tracer has on the accuracy of determining the convective distribution, the authors infused different concentrations of Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) in primates during MR imaging.

Methods
Five nonhuman primates underwent convective infusion (1 or 5 mM, 21–65 μl) of Gd-DTPA alone, Gd-DTPA and 14C-sucrose, or Gd-DTPA and 14C-dextran into the bilateral striata. Animals underwent real-time MR imaging during infusion (5 animals) and autoradiographic analysis (2 animals).

Results
Gadolinium-DTPA could be seen filling the striata at either concentration (1 or 5 mM) on real-time MR imaging. While the volume of distribution (Vd) increased linearly with the volume of infusion (Vi) for both concentrations of tracer (1 mM: R2 = 0.83; 5 mM: R2 = 0.96), the Vd/Vi ratio was significantly (p < 0.0001) less for the 1-mM (2.3 ± 1.0) as compared with the 5-mM (7.4 ± 1.9) concentration. Autoradiographic and MR volumetric analysis revealed that the 5-mM concentration most accurately estimated the Vd for both small (sucrose [359 D], 12% difference between imaging and autoradiographic distribution) and large (dextran [70 kD], 0.2% difference) molecules compared with the 1-mM concentration (sucrose, 65% difference; dextran, 68% difference).

Conclusions
The concentration of infused Gd-DTPA plays a critical role in accurately assessing the distribution of molecules delivered by CED. A 5-mM concentration of Gd-DTPA most accurately estimated the Vd over a wide range of molecular sizes.
Comparative effectiveness of using computed tomography alone to exclude cervical spine injuries in obtunded or intubated patients: meta-analysis of 14,327 patients with blunt trauma
Authors: Panczykowski David M. , Tomycz Nestor D. , Okonkwo David O. 
Published: May 2011

Object
The current standard of practice for clearance of the cervical spine in obtunded patients suffering blunt trauma is to use CT and an adjuvant imaging modality (such as MR imaging). The objective of this study was to determine the comparative effectiveness of multislice helical CT alone to diagnose acute unstable cervical spine injury following blunt trauma.

Methods
The authors performed a meta-analysis of studies comparing modern CT with adjunctive imaging modalities and required that studies present acute traumatic findings as well as treatment for unstable injuries. Study quality, population characteristics, diagnostic protocols, and outcome data were extracted. Positive disease status included all injuries necessitating surgical or orthotic stabilization identified on imaging and/or clinical follow-up.

Results
Seventeen studies encompassing 14,327 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity for modern CT were both > 99.9% (95% CI 0.99–1.00 and 0.99–1.00, respectively). The negative likelihood ratio of an unstable cervical injury after a CT scan negative for acute injury was < 0.001 (95% CI 0.00–0.01), while the negative predictive value of a normal CT scan was 100% (95% CI 0.96–1.00). Global severity of injury, CT slice thickness, and study quality did not significantly affect accuracy estimates.

Conclusions
Modern CT alone is sufficient to detect unstable cervical spine injuries in trauma patients. Adjuvant imaging is unnecessary when the CT scan is negative for acute injury. Results of this meta-analysis strongly show that the cervical collar may be removed from obtunded or intubated trauma patients if a modern CT scan is negative for acute injury.
Lorsque l'enfant ne paraît pas
Authors: Goussault Bénédicte , Jacob Bénédicte 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le projet d’enfant est un projet de couple qui souhaite un prolongement de lui-même et s’inscrit dans une forme de reconnaissance sociale… Cet article s’interroge sur l’expérience et les stratégies identitaires de couples stériles : les répercussions sur le couple et son devenir, les transformations qui s’ensuivent, les nouveaux équilibres, la reconstruction d’une identité de couple et d’une autre fécondité . Les trajectoires longues depuis la découverte de la stérilité jusqu’à son acceptation apparaissent comme des processus conduisant ces couples à de nouveaux équilibres, dans lesquels la quête personnelle rivalise avec et/ou s’appuie sur le couple.
Perfection, harmonie et choix divin chez Leibniz : en quel sens le monde est-il le meilleur ?
Authors: Rateau Paul 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Qu’est-ce qui fait, selon Leibniz, que notre monde peut être dit le meilleur possible ? Plusieurs interprétations, qu’il n’est pas toujours possible de concilier, ont été proposées. Il serait le meilleur, parce qu’en lui les créatures raisonnables obtiendraient le plus de félicité, parce qu’il réaliserait la plus grande quantité d’être et de réalité au total, ou encore parce qu’il serait celui qui associe les lois les plus simples avec les phénomènes les plus riches et les plus variés. L’objet de cet article est de montrer que le meilleur est à comprendre au sens de la méthode de Formis optimis, c’est-à-dire comme ce qui renvoie, dans un genre donné, à la forme la plus déterminée. Celle-ci est à la fois unique et la plus rationnelle. Ainsi, la perfection du monde ne vient pas de ce qu’il concentrerait la plus grande quantité d’essence et de bien (perfection quantitative), mais de ce qu’il constitue l’ordre le plus intelligible, où chaque chose, sans être forcément la plus parfaite en elle-même, contribue pourtant à l’harmonie universelle, cette unité d’une multiplicité qui remplit au mieux les fins divines (perfection qualitative ).
Leibniz et la perception du futur
Authors: Parmentier Marc 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Dans le cadre de sa théorie des petites perceptions, Leibniz évoque des exemples de perceptions confuses du futur. Par ailleurs, sa théorie métaphysique de la substance individuelle incluant tous ses prédicats implique l’existence dans le sujet de « traces du futur », symétriques des traces du passé. L’objectif de l’article est d’étudier le rapport complexe entre anticipations de l’avenir et traces du futur, et, plus généralement, entre les déterminations psychologiques et métaphysiques des petites perceptions.
Airway Inflammation and IgE Production Induced by Dust Mite Allergen-Specific Memory/Effector Th2 Cell Line Can Be Effectively Attenuated by IL-35
Authors: Huang Chiung-Hui , Loo Evelyn Xiu-Ling , Kuo I-Chun , Soh Gim Hooi , Goh Denise Li-Meng , Lee Bee Wah , Chua Kaw Yan 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
CD4+ memory/effector T cells play a central role in orchestrating the rapid and robust immune responses upon re-encounter with specific Ags. However, the immunologic mechanism(s) underlying these responses are still not fully understood. To investigate this, we generated an allergen (major house dust mite allergen, Blo t 5)-specific murine Th2 cell line that secreted IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, but not IL-9 or TNF-α, upon activation by the cognate Ag. These cells also exhibited CD44highCD62L− and CD127+ (IL-7Rα+) phenotypes, which are characteristics of memory/effector T cells. Experiments involving adoptive transfer of this Th2 cell line in mice, followed by three intranasal challenges with Blo t 5, induced a dexamethasone-sensitive eosinophilic airway inflammation. This was accompanied by elevation of Th2 cytokines and CC- and CXC-motif chemokines, as well as recruitment of lymphocytes and polymorphic mononuclear cells into the lungs. Moreover, Blo t 5-specific IgE was detected 4 d after the last intranasal challenge, whereas elevation of Blo t 5-specific IgG1 was found at week two. Finally, pulmonary delivery of the pVAX–IL-35 DNA construct effectively downregulated Blo t 5-specific allergic airway inflammation, and i.m. injection of pVAX–IL-35 led to long-lasting suppression of circulating Blo t 5-specific and total IgE. This model provides a robust research tool to elucidate the immunopathogenic role of memory/effector Th2 cells in allergic airway inflammation. Our results suggested that IL-35 could be a potential therapeutic target for allergic asthma through its attenuating effects on allergen-specific CD4+ memory/effector Th2 cell-mediated airway inflammation.
EFFECT OF CURE EFFICIENCY ON PROPERTIES OF GUM AND BLACK FILLED NATURAL RUBBER VULCANIZATES
Authors: Hamed Gary R. , Boonkerd Kanoktip 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Effects of the sulfur cure efficiency on the reversion behavior and the normal and edge-cut tensile strength of gum and black filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates were studied. N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (DCBS) was used as an accelerator. A series of five vulcanizates with high to low cure efficiencies was prepared by increasing the sulfur (S) to DCBS ratios within the range of 0.26–6.66. All vulcanizates were formulated to have the same crosslink density. The degree of reversion (%) calculated from cure curves of gum and black filled NR at 20 min above the cure time (tc100) passed through maximum with decreasing cure efficiencies. For both gum and black filled NR, the highest degree of reversion (%) was observed at the S/DCBS ratio of 1.17. The normal tensile strengths of gum and black filled NR were directly proportional to the cure efficiency. For gum NR vulcanizates, the edge-cut tensile strength was markedly influenced by cure efficiency. Similar to the normal tensile strength, the gum NR vulcanizates cured with the lowest cure efficiency showed the lowest edge-cut tensile strength. Effect of the cure efficiency on the edge-cut tensile strength was less in the case of black filled NR vulcanizates. However, the black filled NR vulcanizates cured with the lowest cure efficiency also showed the lowest edge-cut tensile strength. The cut tip characteristics of the fracture specimens were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The gum specimens showed only the simple lateral cracking pattern, while all black filled specimens showed the longitudinal cracking pattern. Four different cracking patterns of the black filled specimens were identified. The distribution of cracking patterns depended strongly on the size of precut and the cure efficiency.
Nonorganic Visual Loss and Associated Psychopathology in Children
Authors: Muñoz-Hernández Ana M. , Santos-Bueso Enrique , Sáenz-Francés Federico , Méndez-Hernández Carmen D. , García-Feijoó Julián , Gegúndez-Fernández José A. , García-Sánchez Julián 
Published: May 2011

Purpose To report the frequency of nonorganic visual loss (NOVL) and associated psychopathology in children. Methods A total of 973 children were examined in our ophthalmology practice between 2006 and 2009. Basic ophthalmologic exploration (visual acuity, stereopsis, cycloplegic refraction, ocular motility, pupil dynamics, biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy) and specific tests for NOVL diagnosis were performed (confusion with lenses test, mirrors test, Roth test, Bravais test). We also investigated the psychosocial situation and associated psychiatric problems. Results Thirty children were diagnosed with NOVL. The mean age of the children was 8.93 years (±2.61); 70% were girls. September was the commonest month of presentation (26.7%) and unilateral (3.3%) or bilateral (80%) visual loss was the most frequent symptom (83.3% in total). In 20% of cases we detected psychosocial anomaly and 40% were seeking to wear glasses. Conclusions Malingering in children is very frequent. We can make the diagnosis with simple tests. It is not necessary to perform imaging and electrophysiologic testing, thus avoiding unnecessary examinations as well as absenteeism from work for parents and health care costs.
Wear Performance of Dental Materials: A Comparison of Substructure Ceramics, Veneering Ceramics, and Non‐Precious Alloys
Authors: Preis Verena , Hahnel Sebastian , Kolbeck Carola , Behrend Detlef , Warkentin Mareike , Handel Gerhard , Rosentritt Martin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aim of this in vitro study was to compare the two‐body wear resistance of different dental ceramics and non‐precious alloys. Two‐body wear tests were performed in a chewing simulator with steatite antagonists. A pin‐on‐block design with a vertical load of 50 N for 1.2 × 105 cycles (f = 1.6 Hz; lateral movement: 1 mm, mouth opening: 2 mm) was used for the wear test. Surface roughness Ra (SP6, Perthen‐Feinprüf, G) and wear depth were determined using a 3D‐Profilometer (Laserscan 3D, Willytec, G). Scanning electron microscopy (Quanta FEG 400, FEI, NL) was applied for evaluating wear performance of both, materials and antagonists. Statistics: one‐way ANOVA (α = 0.05). The in vitro wear test showed that the wear performance of dental materials is strongly influenced by the type of material (ceramic, zirconia, or alloy). Zirconia and alloy provided low wear in contrast to glass‐ceramic systems. In contradiction to common expectations, hard zirconia and alloy systems showed even lower antagonistic wear than glass‐ceramics.
Tailoring of LaxSr1‐xCoyFe1‐yO3‐δ Nanostructure by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Plonczak Pawel , Bieberle‐Hütter Anja , Søgaard Martin , Ryll Thomas , Martynczuk Julia , Hendriksen Peter Vang , Gauckler Ludwig J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) was used to prepare thin films with the nominal composition La0.58Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3‐δ (LSCF). The thin film microstructure was investigated as a function of PLD deposition parameters such as: substrate temperature, ambient gas pressure, target‐to‐substrate distance, laser fluence and frequency. It was found that the ambient gas pressure and the substrate temperature are the key PLD process parameters determining the thin film micro‐ and nanostructure. A map of the LSCF film nanostructures is presented as a function of substrate temperature (25–700 °C) and oxygen background pressure (0.013–0.4 mbar), with film structures ranging from fully dense to highly porous. Fully crystalline, dense, and crack‐free LSCF films with a thickness of 300 nm were obtained at an oxygen pressure lower than 0.13 mbar at a temperature of 600 °C. The obtained knowledge on the structure allows for tailoring of perovskite thin film nanostructure, e.g., for solid oxide fuel cell cathodes. A simple geometrical model is proposed, allowing estimation of the catalytic active surface area of the prepared thin films. It is shown that voids at columnar grain boundaries can result in an increase of the surface area by approximately 25 times, when compared to dense flat films.