bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectrum of 2‐idempotent 3‐quasigroups with conjugate invariant subgroups
Authors: Ji Lijun , Wei R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA ternary quasigroup (or 3‐quasigroup) is a pair (N, q) where N is an n‐set and q(x, y, z) is a ternary operation on N with unique solvability. A 3‐quasigroup is called 2‐idempotent if it satisfies the generalized idempotent law: q(x, x, y) = q(x, y, x) = q(y, x, x)=y. A conjugation of a 3‐quasigroup, considered as an OA(3, 4, n), \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$({{N}},{\mathcal{B}})$\end{document}, is a permutation of the coordinate positions applied to the 4‐tuples of \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\mathcal{B}}$\end{document}. The subgroup of conjugations under which \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$({{N}},{\mathcal{B}})$\end{document} is invariant is called the conjugate invariant subgroup of \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$({{N}},{\mathcal{B}})$\end{document}. In this article, we determined the existence of 2‐idempotent 3‐quasigroups of order n, n≡7 or 11 (mod 12) and n≥11, with conjugate invariant subgroup consisting of a single cycle of length three. This result completely determined the spectrum of 2‐idempotent 3‐quasigroups with conjugate invariant subgroups. As a corollary, we proved that an overlarge set of Mendelsohn triple system of order n exists if and only if n≡0, 1 (mod 3) and n≠6. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 292–304, 2010
Rural telepsychology services for children and adolescents
Authors: Nelson Eve‐Lynn , Bui Thao 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBecause of the overwhelming maldistribution of mental health specialists in metropolitan areas and the many underserved families living in rural settings, rural areas are natural homes for the use of telemedicine or videoconferencing technology for clinical services. The authors describe telepsychology services for rural clients, placing best psychology practices within the context of broader telemental health services. The goal is to approximate evidence‐based child psychotherapy from face‐to‐face practice using the videoconferencing technology. Telepsychology is illustrated with a case report of a rural Hispanic teen and her family presenting through the teen's primary care clinic. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–12, 2010.
Sorafenib combined vitamin K induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines through RAF/MEK/ERK and c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase pathways
Authors: Wei Gang , Wang Meifang , Carr Brian I. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractApoptosis has been shown to be induced by many agents, including the clinically useful Sorafenib and K vitamins (VKs). Since few agents have activity against pancreas cancer cell growth, we evaluated the role of naturally occurring K vitamins and Sorafenib both independently and together on the growth in culture of pancreas adenocarcinoma cell lines, including PL‐5, PANC‐1, and MIA PaCa‐2. We found that when a K vitamin was combined with Sorafenib, the dose of Sorafenib required for growth inhibition was substantially reduced. Furthermore, growth could be inhibited at doses of each VK plus Sorafenib in combination that were ineffective when used alone. This effect was seen using vitamins K1, K2, and K5. The combination of VK1 plus Sorafenib‐induced apoptosis, as determined by both FACS and TUNEL staining. Phospho‐ERK and Bcl‐2 levels were decreased, but not levels of other bcl‐2 family members. Cleavage of caspases 3 and 8, PARP and Bid were all induced by this combination. Vitamin K1 plus Sorafenib combination also resulted in elevated levels of activated c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and its substrates c‐Jun and FasL. JNK inhibition partly antagonized the induction of apoptosis. Thus, combination VK1 plus Sorafenib strongly induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in pancreas cancer cells, involving both inhibition of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway as well as activation of the JNK, c‐Jun and FasL apoptotic pathway. Since both agents are available for human use, the combination is attractive for evaluation against pancreas cancer growth in vivo. J. Cell. Physiol. 224:112–119, 2010 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipophilic cationic drugs increase the permeability of lysosomal membranes in a cell culture system
Authors: Kornhuber Johannes , Henkel Andreas W. , Groemer Teja W. , Städtler Sven , Welzel Oliver , Tripal Philipp , Rotter Andrea , Bleich Stefan , Trapp Stefan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLysosomes accumulate many drugs several fold higher compared to their extracellular concentration. This mechanism is believed to be responsible for many pharmacological effects. So far, uptake and release kinetics are largely unknown and interactions between concomitantly administered drugs often provoke mutual interference. In this study, we addressed these questions in a cell culture model. The molecular mechanism for lysosomal uptake kinetics was analyzed by live cell fluorescence microscopy in SY5Y cells using four drugs (amantadine, amitriptyline, cinnarizine, flavoxate) with different physicochemical properties. Drugs with higher lipophilicity accumulated more extensively within lysosomes, whereas a higher pKavalue was associated with a more rapid uptake. The drug‐induced displacement of LysoTracker was neither caused by elevation of intra‐lysosomal pH, nor by increased lysosomal volume. We extended our previously developed numerical single cell model by introducing a dynamic feedback mechanism. The empirical data were in good agreement with the results obtained from the numerical model. The experimental data and results from the numerical model lead to the conclusion that intra‐lysosomal accumulation of lipophilic xenobiotics enhances lysosomal membrane permeability. Manipulation of lysosomal membrane permeability might be useful to overcome, for example, multi‐drug resistance by altering subcellular drug distribution. J. Cell. Physiol. 224:152–164, 2010 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of hydrogen peroxide in microbial fuel cell
Authors: Fu Lei , You Shi‐Jie , Yang Feng‐lin , Gao Ming‐ming , Fang Xiao‐hong , Zhang Guo‐quan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important chemical product, and this study investigated its synthesis at the cathode of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) system using spectrographically pure graphite (SPG) rods as cathode electrode.RESULTS: Electrochemical methods showed that oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on SPG mainly followed the two‐electron pathway yielding H2O2, while, the optimal condition for H2O2 production was in 0.1 mol L−1 Na2SO4 electrolyte. When SPG was used as the cathodic electrode in the MFC system, H2O2 concentration reached 78.85 mg L−1 after 12 h operation with an external resistance of 20 Ω (H2O2 production rate was 6.57 mg L−1 h−1). Coulombic efficiency, current efficiency and COD conversion efficiency were 12.26%, 69.47% and 8.51%, respectively. Repeated experiments proved this system had a stable operating performance.CONCLUSIONS: H2O2 was synthesized at the cathode of an MFC, and this study provides a proof‐of‐concept demonstration to realize the process of synthesizing H2O2 with wastewater. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Degradation of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3, 5‐triazine (RDX) by anaerobic mesophilic granular sludge from a UASB reactor
Authors: An Chun‐jiang , He Yan‐ling , Huang Guo‐he , Yang Shu‐cheng 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study investigated the performance of anaerobic mesophilic granular sludge for the degradation of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX). Batch tests were conducted to investigate the effects of different supplements on the RDX degradation ability of anaerobic granular sludge, as well as the contributions of both physicochemical and biological processes involved in RDX removal from aqueous solution.RESULTS: Anaerobic granular sludge exhibited good performance in treating RDX as the sole substrate. Biodegradation was the main mechanism responsible for RDX removal. Ammonium had no significant promoting effect on the degradation process. The presence of glucose was found to enhance the degradation of RDX by anaerobic granular sludge, while the addition of sulfate and nitrate had adverse effects on the reductive transformation of RDX.CONCLUSIONS: Anaerobic granular sludge is capable of removing RDX from aqueous solution with high efficiency. This study showed good prospects for high‐rate anaerobic processes in the treatment of munition wastewater. The results can be used for the design and optimization of high rate anaerobic systems for the elimination of RDX. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of co‐contaminant phenol on performance of a laboratory‐scale RBC with algal‐bacterial biofilm treating petroleum hydrocarbon‐rich wastewater
Authors: Chavan Anal , Mukherji Suparna 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Hydrocarbon degradation by algal‐bacterial systems has advantages over degradation by conventional heterotrophic systems. However, oily wastewaters often contain co‐contaminants that may inhibit the degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), leading to system failure.RESULTS: This paper reports the effect of phenol on treatment of wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbons, i.e. diesel oil in a lab‐scale rotating biological contactor with biofilm consisting predominantly of Burkholderia cepacia and a freshwater algal culture. The effect of phenol loading from 0.11–0.69 g phenol m−2 d−1 on diesel degradation was studied with 21 h hydraulic retention time and TPH loading of 27.33 g TPH m−2 d−1. With increase in phenol loading, complete removal of phenol was observed. However, TPH removal decreased from 99% to 94% and significant decrease in TCOD removal was observed possibly due to biomass growth in suspension. Presence of algal culture in the biofilm made it feasible to operate the RBC at a high organic loading. The benefits included better immobilization of the bacterial culture, release of oxygen and generation of alkalinity. Lowering in pH due to accumulation of acidic intermediates formed during oil biodegradation was not observed in this study.CONCLUSION: This system can be recommended for treatment of industrial wastewaters containing TPH and phenols, with proper handling of biosolids. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of butyric acid stress on anaerobic sludge for hydrogen production from kitchen wastes
Authors: Zhao Mingxing , Yan Qun , Ruan Wenquan , Miao Hengfeng , Ren Hongyan , Xu Yan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Anaerobic digestion is an alternative technology to achieve the dual benefits of hydrogen production and waste stabilization from kitchen wastes. In this work, the butyric acid stress on anaerobic sludge was investigated in order to improve the tolerance of sludge against organic acids, and to enhance hydrogen accumulation.RESULTS: The tolerance of butyric acid in anaerobic sludge increased with the stress concentration, however, it decreased at concentrations greater than of 4.0 g L−1. The maximum hydrogen yield reached 63.72 mL g−1 VS at 4.0 g L−1 stress, representing an increase of 114% compared with the control group. The concentration of volatile solids (VS) of the sludge and SCOD increased steadily with time up to 20 h. At 4.0 g L−1 butyric acid stress, the maximum activity of β‐glucosidase, BAA‐hydrolysing protease and dehydrogenase enzyme were 14912.1 µmol PNP g−1 TS h−1, 134.14 µmol NH4‐N g−1 TS h−1 and 7316.42 µg TF g−1 TS h−1, which were 2.78, 1.90 and 2.01 times that of the control, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of butyric acid stress on anaerobic sludge to increase hydrogen production from kitchen wastes was demonstrated. Remarkably, 4.0 g L−1 butyric acid stress was found to be favorable for improving the tolerance of butyric acid in sludge as well as hydrogen yield in the experiment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
The kinematics of locomotion in caecilians: effects of substrate and body shape
Authors: Herrel Anthony , Measey G. John 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCaecilians are limbless amphibians that have radiated extensively in the tropics, and have evolved distinct cranial and postcranial specializations associated with a burrowing lifestyle. Some species are recognized as being surface active, whereas others are dedicated burrowers. Previous authors have demonstrated that some caecilians use a hydrostatic mechanism to generate burrowing forces which is dependent on the existence of skin–vertebral independence. It has been hypothesized that skin–vertebral independence may be lost in extremely elongated species, thus affecting their ability to burrow. Here, we use X‐ray video to study the kinematics of locomotion in five species of caecilian differing in their degree of body elongation. Animals were filmed moving in or across different substrates imposing different functional demands on the locomotor system. Our data demonstrate that all species have the ability to perform internal concertina locomotion, but indicate differences between species in the kinematics of locomotion with more elongate species showing a smaller degree of skin–vertebral independence. In all species, locomotion was dependent on the substrate and species switched from using lateral undulation on the surface substrates to the use of whole body or internal concertina in wide and narrow tunnels, respectively. When burrowing in soil, all species used a combination of whole‐body and internal concertina locomotion. Additional studies on the ability of different species to generate forces are needed to test whether the reduced skin–vertebral independence in elongate forms has resulted in a decreased ability to generate burrows. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:301–309, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Qualitative screening for volatile organic compounds in human blood using solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Gottzein Anne Kathrin , Musshoff Frank , Madea Burkhard 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA fast and simple screening procedure using solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC‐MS) in full‐scan mode for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is presented. The development of a fast and simple screening technique for the simultaneous determination of various volatiles is of great importance, because of their widespread use, frequent occurrence in forensic toxicological questions and the fact that there is often no hint on involved substances at the crime scene. To simulate a screening procedure, eight VOC with different chemical characteristics were chosen (isoflurane, halothane, hexane, chloroform, benzene, isooctane, toluene and xylene). To achieve maximum sensitivity, variables that influence the SPME process, such as type of fiber, extraction and desorption temperature and time, agitation and additives were optimized by preliminary studies and by means of a central composite design. The limits of detection and recoveries ranged from 2.9 µg/l (xylene) to 37.1 µg/l (isoflurane) and 7.9% (chloroform) to 61.5% (benzene), respectively. This procedure can be used to answer various forensic and toxicological questions. The short time taken for the whole analytical procedure may make its eventual adoption for routine analysis attractive. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal development, glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP) content, and rhizospheric phosphatase activitiy in citrus orchards under different types of soil management
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Ji‐Hong , Xia Ren‐Xue , Wu Qiang‐Sheng , Wang Ming‐Yuan , Dong Tao 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status with respect to colonization of different AM structures in the citrus roots, spore density and hyphal length density, GRSP content, and phosphatase activity in the citrus rhizosphere were investigated in the orchards at Zigui county of the Three Gorges Region, S China. Four soil managements, no‐tillage and natural grass (NN), no‐tillage and sod culture (NS), half‐tillage and film mulching (HT), and clean‐tillage (CT) were employed in those citrus orchards. Our survey showed heavy AM colonization (36%–89%), indicating a high AM dependency of citrus in our experimental orchards. The colonization of different AM structures, spore density, hyphal length density, GRSP content, and phosphatase activity varied greatly between the no‐tillage and tillage citrus orchards. The highest colonization of different AM structures except the ratio of root length with vesicles (RLV), spore density, hyphal length density, GRSP content, and phosphatase activity was observed in the no‐tillage orchards, and the lowest was found in the tillage orchards. A cluster analysis based on the similarity in AM status, GRSP content, and phosphatase activity showed similarities between the NS citrus orchards and the NN citrus orchards. The data presented here demonstrate that tillage reduced the total AM colonization (RLT), spore density, hyphal length density, GRSP content, and phosphatase activity, while those were recovered in the no‐tillage citrus orchards. So, we propose that no‐tillage and planting grass is an effective way for citrus production and improvement of soil quality in orchards of the study area.
Carbon stocks of soil and vegetation on Danubian floodplains
Authors: Cierjacks Arne , Kleinschmit Birgit , Babinsky Maren , Kleinschroth Fritz , Markert Arvid , Menzel Markus , Ziechmann Ulrike , Schiller Theresa , Graf Markus , Lang Friederike 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRiparian forests are assumed to play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. However, little data are available on C stocks of floodplains in comparison to other terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we quantified the C stocks of aboveground biomass and soils of riparian vegetation types at 76 sampling sites in the Donau‐Auen National Park in Austria. Based on our results and a remotely sensed vegetation map, we estimated total C stocks. Carbon stocks in soils (up to 354 t ha–1 within 1 m below surface) were huge compared to other terrestrial ecosystems. As expected, soils of different vegetation types showed different texture with a higher percentage of sandy soils at the softwood sites, while loamy soils prevailed at hardwood sites. Total C stocks of vegetation types were significantly different, but reflect differences in woody plant biomass rather than in soil C stocks. Mature hardwood and cottonwood forests proved to have significantly higher total C stocks (474 and 403 t ha–1, respectively) than young reforestations (217 t ha–1) and meadows (212 t ha–1). The C pools of softwood forests (356 t ha–1) ranged between those of hardwood/cottonwood forests and of reforestations/meadows. Our study proves the relevance of floodplains as possible C sinks, which should be increasingly taken into account for river management. Furthermore, we conclude that plant‐species distribution does not indicate the conditions of sedimentation and soil C sequestration over the time span of interest for the development of soil C stocks.
Phosphate buffer–extractable organic nitrogen as an index of soil‐N availability for sorghum and pearl millet
Authors: Mori Asako , Okada Kensuke 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe availability of soil nitrogen (N) is usually quantified by the amount of mineralized N as determined after several weeks of soil incubation. Various alternative methods using chemical solvents have been developed to extract the available organic N, which is easily mineralized. We compared one such solution, neutral phosphate buffer (NPB), with conventional incubation and 0.01 M–CaCl2 extraction, as measures of soil N available to two major cereal crops of the semiarid tropics, based on the total N uptake by plants in a pot experiment. Mineralized N had the highest correlation with N uptake by pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L., r = 0.979***) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, r = 0.978***). NPB‐extractable N was also highly correlated with N uptake (pearl millet, r = 0.876***; sorghum, r = 0.872***). Only one major peak was detected when NPB extracts were analyzed using size‐exclusion high‐performance liquid chromatography, regardless of soil properties. In addition, the organic N extracted with NPB was characterized by determining the content of peptidoglycan, the main component of bacterial cell walls. Although the characteristics of NPB‐extractable organic N are still unclear, it offers a promising quick assay of available N.
Degenerate and two‐color resonant four‐wave mixing of C2− in a molecular beam environment
Authors: Tulej Marek , Knopp Gregor , Gerber Thomas , Radi Peter P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate that degenerate and two‐color resonant four‐wave mixing spectroscopy is applicable for the sensitive and selective characterization of negative ions in a molecular beam environment. Results are shown for C$_{2}^{-}$, which is produced by discharging a mixture of acetylene and argon prior to supersonic expansion. Substantial signal‐to‐noise ratios of ≈ 150 show that the method is generally applicable for high‐resolution optical double‐resonance spectroscopy of negative ions. A detection sensitivity for C$_{2}^{-}$ of ≈ 107 ions/cm3 is estimated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the interpretation of the Raman spectra of Maya Blue: a review on the literature data
Authors: Doménech Antonio , Doménech‐Carbó María Teresa , Edwards Howell G. M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Raman spectroscopy of Maya Blue (MB), a nanostructured organic–inorganic hybrid material, has received considerable attention. A re‐evaluation of the Raman literature data for indigo dye, genuine MB samples and model specimens obtained by the binding of indigo to phyllosilicate clays, such as palygorskite and sepiolite, using chemometric analysis of normalised spectra is reported. Available data present features in support of the following ideas: (1) dehydroindigo accompanies indigo in MB; (2) different topological isomers, i.e. dye molecules attached to different coordinative sites of the palygorskite framework, are involved in MB; and (3) different procedures were probably used for preparing MB in ancient Mesoamerican civilisations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative optical effects in volumes embedded in layered media
Authors: Nichelatti E. , Marrocco M. , Montereali R. M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA cluster of point sources can generate optical radiation in a manner substantially different from what characterizes the emission of a single point source. Such differences are mainly caused by the cooperation of the sources and are even more remarkable under particular electromagnetic boundary conditions. Furthermore, the geometry of the problem cannot be ignored as it makes an important contribution to the contrast between single source and collective behaviour. This paper tries to explore the subject in view of its applications to coherent scattering that is typical of non‐linear Raman processes. To this end, the classical theories of electromagnetic radiation from a point source (treated as a randomly oriented Hertzian dipole) and of partial coherence are joined into a unified formalism to evaluate light emission from a volume seen as a collection of point sources embedded in a layered medium. In certain reasonable circumstances and beyond the undeniable complexity of the problem, the formalism leads to the relevant advantage of analytical results for the power radiated outside the medium. In other more general cases, fast Fourier transforms can be used in principle. The possibility and convenience of using the theory to model micro‐CARS imaging are illustrated and discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.