bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cucurbit[8]uril as Building Block for Facile Fabrication of Well‐Defined Organic Crystalline Nano‐objects with Multiple Morphologies and Compositions
Authors: An Qi , Dong Cheng , Zhu Wei , Tao Cheng‐an , Yang Haowei , Wang Yingxia , Li Guangtao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) have great potential in material and medical applications due to their advantageous molecular recognition properties. Despite organic microcrystals being highly desirable in materials science and the medical industry, CB[n]‐based micro‐ and nanocrystals have not been reported. A facile and efficient approach for producing CB[8]‐based organic crystals with well‐defined micro‐ and nanostructures is described, based on the unique host–guest chemistry of CB[8] macrocycle with small guest molecules. The described strategy allows fabrication of micro‐ and nanocrystals with multiple morphologies and compositions by simply adjusting the preparation conditions and the type of guest molecules. The mechanisms for the formation of the micro/nanocrystals are studied, and morphology‐dependent optical and thermal properties typical of organic micro/nanocrystals are described. Additionally, attractive potentials of the prepared microcrystals are shown upon storing small molecules, and in optical applications. The molecular recognition abilities of CB[8] are highlighted in both its preparation process and potential application.
Validating quality attribute requirements via execution‐based model checking
Authors: Drusinsky Doron , Shing Man‐Tak 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the correct specification and validation of quality attribute requirements (QARs) that crosscut through a diverse set of complex system functions. These requirements act as modifiers of system level functional requirements and thus have substantial influence on the eventual architectural selection. Because system designers traditionally address these requirements one quality attribute at a time, the process frequently results in QARs that contain subtle conflicting behaviors. This paper presents an approach to QAR‐induced behavior validation and conflict detection via execution‐based model checking early in the software development process. It explores the concept of conflicts between requirements with temporal and sequencing behaviors and presents an automated approach for discovering such conflicts. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Ladle Furnace Steel Temperature Prediction Model Based on Partial Linear Regularization Networks with Sparse Representation
Authors: Lv Wu , Mao Zhizhong , Yuan Ping 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPartial linear regularization networks (PLRN) combined with sparse representation technique is developed to establish the steel temperature prediction model for LF. Parametric linear part is introduced into the classical regularization networks in order to fit the partial linear structured temperature model, which is obtained by analyzing the mechanism of LF thermal system in detail. Improvement in prediction accuracy is achieved due to the well learning performance of regularization networks and the modification according to the special structure. Furthermore, sparse representation technique is adopted on original PLRN for the sake of reducing computational cost and further improving the generalization performance. Learning scheme of recursive version is designed to train the sparsely represented PLRN, in which support vectors is selected one‐by‐one and recursive algorithm is adopted for computational efficiency. The proposed method is examined by practical data. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method can both improve the prediction accuracy and lead to sparse solution, so that it reduce the storage need and the prediction time for practical application.
Nematode model systems in evolution and development
Authors: Sommer Ralf J. , Bumbarger Daniel J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe free‐living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the most important model organisms in all areas of modern biology. Using the knowledge about C. elegans as a baseline, nematodes are now intensively studied in evolution and development. Evolutionary developmental biology or for short, ‘evo‐devo’ has been developed as a new research discipline during the last two decades to investigate how changes in developmental processes and mechanisms result in the modification of morphological structures and phenotypic novelty. In this article, we review the concepts that make nematode evo‐devo a successful approach to evolutionary biology. We introduce selected model systems for nematode evo‐devo and provide a detailed discussion of four selected case studies. The most striking finding of nematode evo‐devo is the magnitude of developmental variation in the context of a conserved body plan. Detailed investigation of early embryogenesis, gonad formation, vulva development, and sex determination revealed that molecular mechanisms evolve rapidly, often in the context of a conserved body plan. These studies highlight the importance of developmental systems drift and neutrality in evolution. WIREs Dev Biol 2012, 1:389–400. doi: 10.1002/wdev.33This article is categorized under:

Comparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems
Comparative Development and Evolution > Regulation of Organ Diversity
Comparative Development and Evolution > Evolutionary Novelties
Perceptions of Family Environment and Wraparound Processes: Associations with Age and Implications for Serving Transitioning Youth in Systems of Care
Authors: Haber Mason G. , Cook James R. , Kilmer Ryan P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAddressing the unique needs of youth transitioning to adulthood has long been viewed as a priority in implementation of systems of care (SOCs) and wraparound. Developmental research and “practice‐based evidence” suggest that there are differences between transitioning youth and their younger peers in family environment and wraparound team processes. Although these differences are thought to have significant implications for wraparound practice, few studies have examined them empirically. The present research involves two studies examining differences across several age cohorts (i.e., 10–12, 13, 14, 15, 16–17 year‐olds) ranging from early adolescent to transitioning youth in: (1) caregiver perceptions of role‐related strain and family environment quality, and (2) facilitator, caregiver, and youth perceptions of wraparound processes. In Study #1, older age was associated with higher levels of caregiver strain. In Study #2, age was associated with differences between youth and other team members’ perceptions of wraparound processes, such that older youth perceived teams as less cohesive than others on their teams. These findings suggest that transitioning youth and their families merit special consideration in wraparound implementation and underscore the importance of considering the perceptions of transitioning youth in system change and practice improvement efforts (192 words).
Detecting Treatment Effects with Small Samples: The Power of Some Tests Under the Randomization Model
Authors: Keller Bryan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRandomization tests are often recommended when parametric assumptions may be violated because they require no distributional or random sampling assumptions in order to be valid. In addition to being exact, a randomization test may also be more powerful than its parametric counterpart. This was demonstrated in a simulation study which examined the conditional power of three nondirectional tests: the randomization t test, the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney (WMW) test, and the parametric t test. When the treatment effect was skewed, with degree of skewness correlated with the size of the effect, the randomization t test was systematically more powerful than the parametric t test. The relative power of the WMW test under the skewed treatment effect condition depended on the sample size ratio.
A Heterogeneous Bayesian Regression Model for Cross-sectional Data Involving a Single Observation per Response Unit
Authors: Fong Duncan K. H. , Ebbes Peter , DeSarbo Wayne S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMultiple regression is frequently used across the various social sciences to analyze cross-sectional data. However, it can often times be challenging to justify the assumption of common regression coefficients across all respondents. This manuscript presents a heterogeneous Bayesian regression model that enables the estimation of individual-level-regression coefficients in cross-sectional data involving a single observation per response unit. A Gibbs sampling algorithm is developed to implement the proposed Bayesian methodology. A Monte Carlo simulation study is constructed to assess the performance of the proposed methodology across a number of experimental factors. We then apply the proposed method to analyze data collected from a consumer psychology study that examines the differential importance of price and quality in determining perceived value evaluations.
Effect of Temperature, Salts and Ureas on the Association Behavior of an Amphiphilic Phenothiazine Drug Promethazine Hydrochloride
Authors: Kabir‐ud‐Din  , Rub Malik Abdul , Naqvi Andleeb Z. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAssociation behavior of an amphiphilic phenothiazine drug promethazine hydrochloride in the presence of inorganic salts (LiCl, NaF, NaCl, NaBr, and KCl) and ureas (urea and thiourea) has been studied conductometrically at different additive concentrations (0–100 mmol kg−1) and temperatures (293.15–308.15 K). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values showed an inverted U‐shaped behavior with temperature; the maximum being at 298.15 K with or without additives. The inorganic salts decreased the CMC which is explained on the basis of nature and ion size. Ureas decreased the CMC at low concentration (0.2 mmol kg−1 urea and 0.1 mmol kg−1 thiourea) but, at higher concentrations, an increase in CMC was observed with both the additives. Relevant thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated and discussed on the basis of the nature of particular types of the additives. The thermodynamic parameters suggest dehydration of the hydrophobic part of the drug at higher temperatures.
Resilient dependable cyber-physical systems: a middleware perspective
Authors: Denker Grit , Dutt Nikil , Mehrotra Sharad , Stehr Mark-Oliver , Talcott Carolyn , Venkatasubramanian Nalini 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we address the role of middleware in enabling robust and resilient cyber-physical systems (CPSs) of the future. In particular, we will focus on how adaptation services can be used to improve dependability in instrumented cyber-physical systems based on the principles of “computational reflection.” CPS environments incorporate a variety of sensing and actuation devices in a distributed architecture; such a deployment is used to create a digital representation of the evolving physical world and its processes for use by a broad range of applications. CPS applications, in particular, mission critical tasks, must execute dependably despite disruptions caused by failures and limitations in sensing, communications, and computation. This paper discusses a range of applications, their reliability needs, and potential dependability holes that can cause performance degradation and application failures. In particular, we distinguish between the notion of infrastructure and information dependability and illustrate the need to formally model and reason about a range of CPS applications and their dependability needs. Formal methods based tools can help us design meaningful cross-layer adaptation techniques at different system layers of the CPS environment and thereby achieve end-to-end dependability at both the infrastructure and information levels.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation hot spots in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and oral cancer
Authors: Tang Jen‐Yang , Chang Chun‐Chi , Lin Pei‐Chin , Chang Jan‐Gowth 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIsocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) encodes a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate+‐dependent enzyme for oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate and has an essential role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Mutations of IDH1 and IDH2 have been identified in patients with glioma, leukemia, and other cancers. However, the incidence of IDH mutations in acute myeloid leukemia in Taiwan is much lower than that reported in Western countries. The reason for the difference is unknown and its clinical implications remain unclear. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogenous hematopoietic malignancy. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) results from chronic carcinogen exposures and is highly prevalent in trucking workers, especially in southern Taiwan. Subtypes of both diseases require specific treatments, and molecular markers for developing tailored treatments are limited. High‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis is now a widely used methodology for rapid, accurate, and low‐cost mutation scanning. In this study, 90 adults with OSC and 31 children with ALL were scanned by HRM analysis for IDH1 and IDH2 mutation hot spots. In ALL, the allele frequency was 3.23% in both IDH1 and IDH2. In OSCC, the allele frequency was 2.22% in IDH2. A synonymous mutation over pG313 (c.939A > G) of IDH2 was found in both pediatric ALL and adult OSCC. Therefore, we concluded that mutations of IDH are uncommon in ALL and OSCC and are apparently not a major consideration when selecting treatment modalities.
Population genetic structure and secondary endosymbionts of QBemisia tabaci(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Greece
Authors: Tsagkarakou A. , Mouton L. , Kristoffersen J.B. , Dokianakis E. , Grispou M. , Bourtzis K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe investigated the molecular diversity of the major agricultural pestBemisia tabaciand of its associated secondary endosymbionts in Greece. Analyzing mitochondrial DNA, we found that the Q1 (=Q west) is predominant. We used eight microsatellite polymorphic markers to study the genetic structure of 37 populations from mainland and insular Greece, collected on different host species from outdoor and protected crops as well as from non-cultivated plants. In some cases, gene flow was found to be low even between populations separated by just a few kilometres. Bayesian analysis identified two main genetic groups, the first encompassing populations from south Crete and the second composed of populations from north Crete, two other Aegean islands and mainland Greece. Genetic differentiation was not correlated with different host plant species or habitat, or greenhouse versus open environment populations. Gene flow significantly decreased with geographic distance, but no isolation by distance existed when only the samples from mainland Greece or only the samples from Crete were considered. The secondary symbiontsWolbachiaandHamiltonellawere present at high frequencies whileArsenophonus, CardiniumandRickettsiawere absent from Greek populations. Multilocus sequence typing ofWolbachiaidentified twoWolbachiastrains. These two strains were found together in most of the populations studied but never in the same host individual. Their role on the observed population structure is discussed.
Quick detection of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in chestnut dormant buds by nested PCR
Authors: Sartor C. , Marinoni D. Torello , Quacchia A. , Botta R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) develops in chestnut buds that remain asymptomatic from oviposition (June–July) until budburst; it is, thus, easily spread by plant material used in propagation. Therefore, it is particularly interesting to identify infested plant batches before their movement. Unfortunately, a non-destructive method for checking buds has not yet been developed, and the only technique available is the screening of a bud sample. The visual investigation is long and requires highly skilled and trained staff. The purpose of this work was to set up an effective and fast method able to identify the presence of first instar larvae of D. kuriphilus in a large number of chestnut buds by PCR. Four primer pairs were designed on nuclear and mitochondrial sequences of a set of seven gall wasp taxa and tested on five different cynipid's DNA. Nested diagnostic PCR was carried out on DNA extracted from samples of 2 g buds simulating four levels of infestation (larvae were added to uninfested buds); 320 bp amplicon of 28S sequence was chosen as a marker to detect one larva out of 2 g buds. The method showed a potential efficiency of 5000 to 15,000 buds per week, depending on bud size.
EXPERIMENTS IN DEVOTION ONLINE: THE YOUTUBEKHUṬBA
Authors: Hirschkind Charles 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper explores what I call “online experiments in ethical affect” through an analysis of one popular Islamic genre: the short video segments of Friday sermons (khuṭub, s.khuṭba) placed on the video-sharing website YouTube. In my discussion of this media form, I give particular attention to the kind of devotional discourse and ethical socius that is enacted online around these taped performances: notably, the practices of appending written comments to specific videos, offering responses to comments left by others or criticisms directed at either the preacher or other commentators, and the act of creating links betweenkhuṭbapages and other web-based content. In examining these practices, I want to look at the way some of the norms of ethical and devotional comportment associated with thekhuṭbain the mosque carry over to the Internet context ofkhuṭbalistening/viewing while also engendering novel forms of pious interaction, argument, and listening.
DIS/EMBODYING AUTHORITY: FEMALE RADIO “PREACHERS” AND THE AMBIVALENCES OF MASS-MEDIATED SPEECH IN MALI
Authors: Schulz Dorothea 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article explores how the introduction of sound reproduction technologies inflects what were previously considered authoritative, standardized, and gender-specific forms of religious leadership and how these changes affect in turn the (gendered) subjects of media practice. Examining the recent, controversial public presence of female radio preachers in Mali, the article elucidates the often ambivalent reactions to their radio-mediated dissociation of voice and physical presence, ambivalences that are expressed in the form of gender-specific evaluations of the acceptability of preaching on radio. The article thus argues that analyses of the controversial position of Muslim women in religious debates might benefit from a close scrutiny of the media technologies that enable these women's public mediation and also from paying sustained attention to cultural constructions of the voice as a medium of transmitting religious knowledge.
THE CONSUMER JIHAD: BOYCOTT FATWAS AND NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Authors: Halevi Leor 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article deals with the origins, development, and popularity of boycott fatwas. Born of the marriage of Islamic politics and Islamic economics in an age of digital communications, these fatwas targeted American, Israeli, and Danish commodities between 2000 and 2006. Muftis representing both mainstream and, surprisingly, radical tendencies argued that jihad can be accomplished through nonviolent consumer boycotts. Their argument marks a significant development in the history of jihad doctrine because boycotts, construed as jihadi acts, do not belong to the commonplace categories of jihad as a “military” or a “spiritual” struggle. The article also demonstrates that boycott fatwas emerged, to a large degree, from below. New media, in particular interconnected computer networks, made it easier for laypersons to drive the juridical discourse. They did so before September 11 as well as, more insistently, afterward. Their consumer jihad had some economic impact on targeted multinationals, and it provoked corporate reactions.
The Tongues of Seismology in Nineteenth-Century Switzerland
Authors: Coen Deborah R. 
Published: January 2012

ArgumentBetween 1878 and 1880, Switzerland, Italy, and Japan initiated the world's first national earthquake commissions, but only the Swiss made ordinary citizens a vital part of this undertaking. This paper examines the texture of communication between Swiss scientists and lay observers and traces the development of a language for seismology that was simultaneously scientific and vernacular. This is the story of an aborted dialogue between scientists and citizens about living with environmental risk, an alternative abandoned on the way to the increasingly technical science of the twentieth century.
The effects of basic fibroblast growth factor in an animal model of acute mechanically induced right ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Vida Vladimiro L. , Dedja Arben , Faggin Elisabetta , Speggiorin Simone , Padalino Massimo A. , Boccuzzo Giovanna , Pauletto Paolo , Angelini Annalisa , Milanesi Ornella , Thiene Gaetano , Stellin Giovanni 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a continuous infusion of basic fibroblast growth factor on the adaptive potential of the right ventricular myocardium after 30 days of mechanically induced overload in rats.Materials and methodsWe banded the pulmonary trunk, so as to increase the systolic workload of the right ventricle, in six Lewis/HanHsd rats at the age of 11 weeks, using six adult rats as controls. The six adult rats were also banded and received an additional continuous infusion of basic fibroblastic growth factor, using six rats with a continuous infusion of basic fibroblastic growth factor only as controls. We analysed the functional adaptation and structural changes of the right ventricular myocardium, blood vessels, and interstitial tissue 30 days after the increased afterload.ResultsThe pulmonary artery banding induced an increase in the right ventricular free wall thickness of banded rats when compared with controls, which was mainly justified by an increase in cardiomyocyte area and in the percentage of extracellular fibrosis. The infusion of basic fibroblastic growth factor promotes a more extensive capillary network in banded rats (p < 0.001), which modulates the compensatory response of the right ventricle, promoting the hypertrophy of contractile elements and limiting the areas in which fibrosis develops (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe subcutaneous infusion with osmotic pumps was a valid and reproducible method of delivering basic fibroblast growth factor to heart tissue. This infusion contributed to better preserve the right ventricular capillary network, hampering the development of interstitial fibrosis.
Mothers’ experience of fathers’ support for breast-feeding
Authors: Nickerson Lauren E , Sykes Abby C , Fung Teresa T 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine mothers’ experience of support received from fathers for breast-feeding.DesignWe conducted in-depth in-person interviews with women with recent breast-feeding experience. Interview transcripts were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Interviews were designed to explore the mothers’ perception of role of fathers in breast-feeding, education on breast-feeding that fathers received and their perception of the fathers’ view on breast-feeding.SettingUrban and suburban community.SubjectsNineteen women from a metropolitan area in the north-eastern USA.ResultsTen themes emerged, these involved practical and emotional support provided by fathers, especially during times of unexpected breast-feeding challenges. In addition, mothers perceived fathers may benefit from more peer and professional support, lactation consultant service and breast-feeding education.ConclusionsMothers appreciated the support from fathers for breast-feeding continuation, including encouragement and understanding. These results may be useful for health-care practitioners to promote breast-feeding continuation by supporting fathers in their role in the breast-feeding process.