bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stage migration and increasing proportion of favorable‐prognosis metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Patil Sujata , Ishill Nicole , Deluca John , Motzer Robert J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center risk model classifies patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by 5 pretreatment features as favorable, intermediate, and poor risk. The number of Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center patients in each risk group was examined by year of treatment to analyze stage migration.METHODS:The distribution of risk groups was examined retrospectively in 789 Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center patients with metastatic RCC treated in a first‐line therapy clinical trial from 1975 to 2007. Date of treatment onset was divided into 6 cohorts between 1975 and 2007 (1975‐1980, 1981‐1985, 1986‐1990, 1991‐1995, 1996‐2001, and 2001‐2007).RESULTS:The median age of the first‐line metastatic RCC clinical trial patients was 59 years (range, 20‐82 years). Most patients received cytokine therapy (55%), 37% received chemotherapy/other, and 8% received vascular endothelial growth factor‐targeted therapies. Overall survival increased with each consecutive cohort year group (P < .001). Median survival was 0.43 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27‐0.68) in the 1973‐1980 cohort and 1.5 years in the 2001‐2007 cohort (95% CI, 1.15‐2.11). Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center risk‐group distribution shifted between 1975 and 2007 (P < .0001). The poor‐risk group proportion became smaller (from 44% in 1975‐1980 to 13% in 2001‐2007), whereas the favorable‐risk group increased (from 0% in 1975‐1980 to 49% in 2001‐2007). The intermediate‐risk group remained stable at 50%. After adjusting for type of therapy, the shifts continue to be significant (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS:The risk‐group distribution for metastatic RCC patients in clinical trials shifted from 1975 to 2007. These shifts have direct implications for data analysis, interpretation of metastatic RCC trends, and drug development. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Prediction of dye concentrations in a three‐component dye mixture solution by a PCA‐derivative spectrophotometry technique
Authors: Shams‐Nateri Ali 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDerivative spectrophotometry is one of the most important techniques that can be used to determine the dye concentration. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) is a linear method to condense the dimensionality of large numbers of absorbance spectra. In this work, PCA and derivative spectrophotometry techniques are used to improve the accuracy of Beer's law prediction of the concentrations in three‐component dye mixtures. The performance of the new method is compared with the normal Beer's law by calculation absolute error, relative error, and ternary relative error of prediction. As obtained results indicate, the prediction accuracy of dye concentration prediction in PCA‐derivative spectrophotometry method is higher than normal Beer's law method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Col Res Appl, 2010.
Ultra‐large color difference and small subtense
Authors: Carter Robert , Huertas Rafael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractColor difference calculations are usually applied to match or tolerance of small differences between large (>2°) visual fields. In contrast, we examine here the application of ultra‐large color differences to enhance conspicuousness and discriminability of small (1° subtense or smaller) visual targets, e.g., in visual information displays. We show that CIEDE2000, and color difference metrics based on the OSA Uniform Color Space and CIECAM02 are superior to CIELAB and CIELUV. Considering gray scale only, we show that Whittle's JND metric of achromatic contrast is as good as L* for this purpose, while also modeling contrast polarity and “crispening.” Furthermore, using this JND metric, we replicate Highnote's finding that elongation of small targets affects their apparent contrast. We discuss the perceived fading of color differences when targets become smaller, and suggest practical methods to mitigate the adverse effect on color conspicuousness and discriminability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Col Res Appl, 2010.
An algorithm for generating color scales for both categorical and ordinal coding
Authors: Breslow Leonard A. , Trafton J. Gregory , McCurry J. Malcolm , Ratwani Raj M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrevious research has shown multihue scales to be well‐suited to code categorical features and shown lightness scales to be well‐suited to code ordinal quantities. We introduce an algorithm, Motley, that produces color scales varying in both hue and lightness, intended to be effective for both categorical and ordinal coding, allowing users to determine both absolute and relative quantities efficiently and accurately. The algorithm first determines the lightnesses of scale colors to maximize perceived lightness differences and establish the lightness ordering, generating separate search spaces for each scale position. It then selects hues by heuristic search to maximize the discriminability of the scale. It produces scales that are ordered with respect to lightness but unordered with respect to hue and thus more discriminable than typical multihue lightness scales. In an experimental evaluation on human subjects, Motley's scales enabled accurate judgments of relative quantity, with response times superior to unordered multihue scales and comparable to ordered lightness scales, and enabled accuracy and speed of judgments of absolute quantity superior to lightness scales and comparable to multihue scales. Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Col Res Appl, 2010.
Optimized InfiniBandTMfat‐tree routing for shift all‐to‐all communication patterns
Authors: Zahavi Eitan , Johnson Gregory , Kerbyson Darren J. , Lang Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractClustered systems have become a dominant architecture of scalable high‐performance super computers. In these large‐scale computers, the network performance and scalability is as critical as the compute‐nodes speed. InfiniBandTMhas become a commodity networking solution supporting the stringent latency, bandwidth and scalability requirements of these clusters. The network performance is also affected by its topology, packet routing and the communication patterns the distributed application exercises. Fat‐trees are the topology structures used for constructing most large clusters as they are scalable, maintain cross‐bisectional‐bandwidth (CBB), and are practical to build using fixed‐arity switches. In this paper, we propose a fat‐tree routing algorithm that provides a congestion‐free, all‐to‐all shift pattern leveraging on the InfiniBandTMstatic routing capability. The algorithm supports partially populated fat‐trees built with switches of arbitrary number of ports and CBB ratios. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, detailed switch and host simulation models were developed and multiple fabric topologies were run. The results of these simulations as well as measurements on real clusters show an improvement in all‐to‐all delay by avoiding congestion on the fabric. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pattern informatics approach to earthquake forecasting in 3D
Authors: Toya Y. , Tiampo K. F. , Rundle J. B. , Chen Chien‐chih , Li Hsien‐Chi , Klein W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNatural seismicity is correlated across multiple spatial and temporal scales, but correlations in seismicity prior to a large earthquake are locally subtle (e.g. seismic quiescence) and often prominent in broad scale (e.g. seismic activation), resulting in local and regional seismicity patterns, e.g. a Mogi's donut. Recognizing that patterns in seismicity rate are reflecting the regional dynamics of the directly unobservable crustal stresses, the Pattern Informatics (PI) approach was introduced by Tiampoet al. and Rundleet al. in 2002. In this study, we expand the PI approach to forecasting earthquakes into the third or vertical dimension, and illustrate its further improvement in the forecasting performance through case studies of both natural and synthetic data. The PI characterizes rapidly evolving spatio‐temporal seismicity patterns as angular drifts of a unit state vector in a high‐dimensional correlation space, and systematically identifies anomalous shifts in seismic activity with respect to the regional background. 3D PI analysis is particularly advantageous over 2D analysis in resolving vertically overlapped seismicity anomalies in a highly complex tectonic environment. Case studies will help to illustrate some important properties of the PI forecasting tool. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reputation, framing strategies and user's choice of content on the Web: an empirical study
Authors: Constantiou Ioanna , Hoebel Natascha , Zicari Roberto V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCurrent trends on the Internet indicate an increasing supply of content from anonymous users (e.g. blogs), which may become popular among website visitors. Motivated by these Internet trends, the present study explores the tradeoffs between the source's reputation and the way content is displayed or offered on the web page as well as the effects of both on the Internet user's choice of information services. The study builds upon behavioral economics and focuses on the interaction between background and local context effects on the individual's choice. In particular, the study investigates the tradeoffs between the source's reputation, representing the background context and the provision of enriched content (e.g. source bundled with a picture or a video) representing local context. The research involved a set of experiments based on hypothetical choice or matching tasks. The main findings indicate that there are significant interaction effects between reputation and enriched content, in the form of content related pictures, video and users' recommendations, which affect the user's choice of information services. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical studies of quasi‐static tectonic loading and dynamic rupture of bi‐material interfaces
Authors: Langer S. , Olsen‐Kettle L. M. , Weatherley D. K. , Gross L. , Mühlhaus H.‐B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDynamic simulations of homogeneous and bi‐material fault rupture are modeled using different loading approaches. We demonstrate that a numerical method of quasi‐static loading is capable of immediately loading bi‐material interfaces to rupture without the iteration over multiple time steps. We show that our method is a computationally inexpensive approach to tectonic loading and is capable of loading a fault to failure. We observe earthquake rupture speed, slip distances and slip rates for homogeneous and bi‐material faults for various applied stresses, friction properties and material contrasts across the bi‐material interface. We comment on causes for unilateral rupture growth. The results are consistent with experimental results and highlight the importance of material heterogeneity in determining the rupture characteristics of earthquake faults. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In search of simplicity: a self‐organizing group communication overlay
Authors: Ripeanu Matei , Iamnitchi Adriana , Foster Ian , Rogers Anne 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGroup communication primitives have broad utility as building blocks for distributed applications. The challenge is to create and maintain the distributed structures that support these primitives while accounting for volatile end‐nodes and variable network characteristics. Most solutions proposed to date rely on complex algorithms or on global information, thus limiting the scale of deployments and acceptance outside the academic realm. This article introduces a low‐complexity, self‐organizing solution for building and maintaining data dissemination trees, which we refer to as Unstructured Multi‐source Overlay (UMO). UMO uses traditional distributed systems techniques: layering, soft‐state, and passive data collection to adapt to the dynamics of the physical network and maintain data dissemination trees. The result is a simple, adaptive system with lower overheads than more complex alternatives. We implemented UMO and evaluated it on a 100‐node PlanetLab testbed and on up to 1024‐node emulated ModelNet networks. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate UMOs low overhead, efficient network usage compared with alternative solutions, and the ability to quickly adapt to network changes and to recover from failures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep quality, cortisol levels, and behavioral regulation in toddlers
Authors: Scher Anat , Hall Wendy A. , Zaidman‐Zait Anat , Weinberg Joanne 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study examines the association between nighttime sleep characteristics and cortisol levels and how these variables relate to aspects of children's temperament and behavior. Twenty‐seven healthy children, aged 12–36 months, attending group childcare settings, participated in the study. Each child's sleep was measured at home with actigraphy over three nights. Saliva samples were collected by the mothers at bedtime and within 30 min of awakening. In addition, both the mother and the daycare teacher rated the child's behavioral difficulties and negative emotionality. It was found that children with more fragmented sleep displayed higher awakening cortisol levels compared to children with more efficient sleep. Moreover, elevated awakening cortisol levels were correlated with teachers' ratings of internalizing behavior and negative emotionality. These preliminary findings suggest that awakening cortisol may serve as a useful index of adrenocortical reactivity in young children, signaling a disturbance in physiological regulation, and underscore the need for more research pertaining to the dynamic associations between sleep and HPA‐axis across the 24‐hr period. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 44–53, 2010
Synthesis and Solid State Structures of the Hydrogen‐Bonded Hexamolybdoplatinate(IV) Tetramer [(PtMo6O24)4H23]9– and the Hexamolybdoplatinate(IV) Trimers [(PtMo6O24)3H16]8– and [(PtMo6O24)3H14]10–
Authors: Day Victor W. , Goloboy James C. , Klemperer Walter G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe [(PtMo6O24)3H16]8–, [(PtMo6O24)3H14]10–, and [(PtMo6O24)4H23]9– anions have been crystallized as tetra‐n‐butylammonium and tetra‐n‐butylammonium/triethylammonium salts and structurally characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. Together with the [(PtMo6O24)2H7]9– and [(PtMo6O24)2H9]7– anions described by Lee and Sasaki in 1994, these anions form a homologous series of hydrogen‐bonded aggregates where stacks of protonated [α‐PtMo6O24]8– anions are stabilized by hydrogen‐bonding interactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Composite Cover Picture with Contributions from Five Authors (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 34/2009)
Authors: Bonchio Marcella , Kholdeeva Oxana A. , Poblet Josep M. , Pope Michael T. , Yamase Toshihiro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe cover picture depicts not only the internationality of the polyoxometalate community, well‐reflected at the International Polyoxometalate Symposium (Jacobs University, Bremen July 28–August 1, 2009) on which this cluster issue is based, but also the huge scope of these compounds. The diversity of aspects in this issue is highlighted on the cover by a selection of graphics placed over the country of origin of the authors. Structural features (M. T. Pope et al.), mechanisms of formation (J. Poblet et al.), homogeneous oxidation catalysis (O. Kholdeeva et al.), design of enantioselective catalysts (M. Bonchio et al.) and photochemistry based analytical techniques (T. Yamase et al.) are some of the topics you will find. Mr Rami Al‐Oweini (Jacobs University) is thanked for his creative design.
A Cascade Approach to Captodative Trifluoromethylated Enamines or Vinylogous Guanidinium Salts: Aromatic Substituents as Switches of Reaction Direction
Authors: Rulev Alexander Yu. , Muzalevskiy Vasiliy M. , Kondrashov Evgeniy V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Shastin Aleksey V. , Balenkova Elizabeth S. , Haufe Günter , Nenajdenko Valentine G. 
Published: November 2009

Abstractβ‐Halo‐β‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes readily react with a variety of nitrogen nucleophiles bearing primary amino groups to afford either the captodative trifluoromethylated enamines or vinylogous guanidinium salts in a selective fashion depending on the electronic natures of the aromatic substituents.
Cyclooligomerization of Mono‐ and Diazulenylethynes Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Elwahy Ahmed H. M. , Hafner Klaus 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCyclooligomerization of 1‐ethynylazulenes 1a,b, 6 and 7 as well as 1,2‐bis(azulen‐1‐yl)ethynes 10a,b and 11 with CpCo(CO)2 to the corresponding 1,2,4‐tris(azulen‐1‐yl)benzenes 14a,b, 18 and 19 as well as [bis‐ and tetrakis(azulen‐1‐yl)cyclobutadiene]cobalt complexes 17a,b, 30a,b and 31 is described.
Green Synthesis of Vicinal Dithioethers and Alkenyl Thioethers from the Reaction of Alkynes and Thiols in Water
Authors: Jin Zhuang , Xu Bo , Hammond Gerald B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe reaction of a wide range of alkynes with thiols to give vicinal dithioethers in water, under mild conditions, is reported. In addition, non‐terminal propargyl alcohols react with aryl thiols in water to produce a highly regio‐ andstereoselective monohydrothiolation product, (E)‐alkenyl thioether. Reaction mechanism and computational studies on the selectivity of the product are presented.
Rapid magnetic microfluidic mixer utilizing AC electromagnetic field
Authors: Wen Chih‐Yung , Yeh Cheng‐Peng , Tsai Chien‐Hsiung , Fu Lung‐Ming 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a novel simple micromixer based on stable water suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles (i.e.ferrofluids). The micromixer chip is built using standard microfabrication and simple soft lithography, and the design can be incorporated as a subsystem into any chemical microreactor or a miniaturized biological sensor. An electromagnet driven by an AC power source is used to induce transient interactive flows between a ferrofluid and Rhodamine B. The alternative magnetic field causes the ferrofluid to expand significantly and uniformly toward Rhodamine B, associated with a great number of extremely fine fingering structures on the interface in the upstream and downstream regions of the microchannel. These pronounced fingering patterns, which have not been observed by other active mixing methods utilizing only magnetic force, increase the mixing interfacial length dramatically. Along with the dominant diffusion effects occurring around the circumferential regions of the fine finger structures, the mixing efficiency increases significantly. The miscible fingering instabilities are observed and applied in the microfluidics for the first time. This work is carried with a view to developing functionalized ferrofluids that can be used as sensitive pathogen detectors and the present experimental results demonstrate that the proposed micromixer has excellent mixing capabilities. The mixing efficiency can be as high as 95% within 2.0 s and a distance of 3.0 mm from the inlet of the mixing channel, when the applied peak magnetic field is higher than 29.2 Oe and frequency ranges from 45 to 300 Hz.
Continued alcohol use in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Potash Andrea E. , Karnell Lucy Hynds , Christensen Alan J. , Vander Weg Mark W. , Funk Gerry F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of posttreatment alcohol consumption on health‐related quality of life (QOL) and factors predicting overall QOL and continued alcohol consumption were examined in patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsSelf‐reported alcohol use and abuse 1 year after diagnosis was analyzed.ResultsAlthough current drinkers (44.5% of 283 patients) had better overall QOL and fewer depressive symptoms, current social drinkers had the best scores, whereas current problem drinkers had the worst. Female sex, fewer depressive symptoms, less pain, and better eating function predicted better QOL. Oral function was the only predictor of 12‐month alcohol use.ConclusionDepression, pain, and eating function predicted overall QOL. Alcohol consumption was not associated with QOL, but was associated with better oral function, which in turn predicted better QOL. Alcohol consumption itself does not improve QOL in this population, and these patients should be counseled regarding detrimental effects of continued drinking after treatment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Sustained dorsal hippocampal activity is not obligatory for either the maintenance or retrieval of long‐term spatial memory
Authors: Broadbent Nicola J. , Squire Larry R. , Clark Robert E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMemories are initially stored in a labile state and are subject to modification by a variety of treatments, including disruption of hippocampal function. We infused a sodium channel blocker (or CNQX) to inactivate the rat dorsal hippocampus reversibly for 1 week following training on a task of spatial memory (the water maze). Previous work with conventional lesions has established that the dorsal hippocampus is essential for both the acquisition and expression of memory in this task. The question in the present study was whether chronic disruption of neuronal activity in the dorsal hippocampus after training would abolish memory or whether memory would survive extended disruption of hippocampal activity. As expected from earlier work, we found that performance was impaired during the infusion period. The critical test occurred 1 week after the lesion was reversed. We found that retention of the water maze recovered to control levels. Accordingly, sustained hippocampal activity following training is not obligatory for either the maintenance of long‐term spatial memory or its subsequent retrieval. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A data assimilation approach to discharge estimation from space
Authors: Neal Jeffrey , Schumann Guy , Bates Paul , Buytaert Wouter , Matgen Patrick , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRiver discharge is currently monitored by a diminishing network of gauges, which provide a spatially incomplete picture of global discharges. This study assimilated water level information derived from a fused satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image and digital terrain model (DTM) with simulations from a coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic model to estimate discharge in an un‐gauged basin scenario. Assimilating water level measurements led to a 79% reduction in ensemble discharge uncertainty over the coupled hydrological hydrodynamic model alone. Measurement bias was evident, but the method still provided a means of improving estimates of discharge for high flows. The study demonstrates the potential of currently available synthetic aperture radar imagery to reduce discharge uncertainty in un‐gauged basins when combined with model simulations in a data assimilation framework, where sufficient topographic data are available. The work is timely because in the near future the launch of satellite radar missions will lead to a significant increase in the volume of data available for space‐borne discharge estimation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.