bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Osteosarcopenia in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Xiao Tingying , Zou Shiyue , Luo Ting , Lai Jing , Ying Jixiang , Lin Min 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the prevalence of osteosarcopenia (OS) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explore the related risk factors for developing this condition.
Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled hospitalized T2DM patients aged 60 years and older. Patients underwent assessments of total hip bone mineral density (BMD), grip strength, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and body composition. Based on the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), grip strength, and SPPB were measured to diagnose sarcopenia. BMD and T values of the lumbar spine and hip were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Osteosarcopenia was defined when both sarcopenia and osteoporosis criteria were met. Statistical analysis included binary logistic regression to identify significant risk factors.
Results
A total of 254 hospitalized T2DM patients (80 males and 174 females) were included. They were divided into T2DM-OS (n = 58) and T2DM-NOS (n = 196) groups based on the presence of osteosarcopenia. The average ages were 72.724 ± 6.463 and 69.265 ± 6.035 years, respectively. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia in T2DM patients was 22.8%, with 20.7% (12 males) and 79.3% (46 females) in the T2DM-OS group. After adjusting for confounding factors, it was found that male gender (OR: 5.738, 95%CI: 1.602–20.551, P = 0.007), fasting plasma glucose (OR: 0.904, 95%CI: 0.821–0.995, P = 0.038), and ASMI (OR: 0.049, 95%CI: 0.013–0.184, P < 0.001) were major influencing factors for the development of osteosarcopenia in elderly T2DM patients.
Conclusions
The prevalence of T2DM-OS is relatively high, with male gender, low fasting plasma glucose, and low ASMI identified as risk factors.
Loneliness, Self-Esteem, and Maladaptive Daydreaming in University Students: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress
Authors: Constantine Leanne , Haque Shamsul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Maladaptive daydreaming is excessive daydreaming that causes distress, disrupts well-being, and thus impairs academic performance among university students. Because loneliness, low self-esteem, and stress are common risk factors for maladaptive daydreaming, we investigated whether loneliness and self-esteem predicted maladaptive daydreaming and if perceived stress mediated these relationships.
Methods
119 university students (71.40% female) completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale. The hypotheses were tested using mediated regression analyses.
Results
Higher loneliness and lower self-esteem significantly predicted maladaptive daydreaming. Perceived stress partially mediated the relationship between loneliness and maladaptive daydreaming, and fully mediated the relationship between self-esteem and maladaptive daydreaming.
Conclusion
University students were likely to engage in maladaptive daydreaming to compensate for unmet belongingness needs and cope with perceived stress. The mediating role of perceived stress implies that interventions that target stress may reduce maladaptive daydreaming, mitigating its consequences and improving the well-being of university students.
The application of hierarchical cluster analysis to lignins classification based on data of high resolution NMR and solid-state NMR spectra on 13C nuclei
Authors: Grishanovich Ilya , Sypalova Yuliya , Shestakov Semyon , Kozhevnikov Aleksandr 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Lignin is the second most abundant biological polymer on Earth with a complex chemical structure. A large amount of different technical lignins are produced as a waste product of the pulp and paper industry, and are not used rationally. The study of the structure of such lignins is relevant due to its potential applications. It is important to obtain comprehensive knowledge about the structure of lignin macromolecule and to classify lignins based on it. High resolution NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) experiments for dissolved samples are widely used to study this biopolymer. However, this approach does not allow studying insoluble technical lignins. Solid state NMR spectroscopy may become a solution of this problem. In this paper, we propose an approach to classify the degree of lignin alteration by clustering of solid state spectra with HCA (hierarchical cluster analysis) method. This approach is important because of the lack of direct correlations between the NMR spectra of lignins in the dissolved and solid states, that is based on experimental data.
Eect of organic manures and mulching materials on growth, yield and quality of Carrot
Authors: Kuma Amanuel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Carrot is a root vegetable crop. The management of agronomic practices is an important factor that strongly affects the growth, yield and quality of carrots. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different types of organic manure and mulching materials on the growth, yield and quality of carrots in Diguna Fango District, southern Ethiopia. The study consisted of four organic manures (control, 20 t PM ha − 1 , 20 t FYM ha− 1 and 20 t mixed manure (10 t PM + 10 t FYM) ha− 1) and three types of mulching (no mulching, sawdust mulching and grass mulching) laid in the RCBD, with four replications in a factorial arrangement. Analysis was performed using the SAS software package. Root diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, yield and total yield were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the interaction effect of organic manure and mulching materials. Among the different combinations, 20 t of mixed manure (10 t PM + 10 t FYM) with grass mulch ha− 1 surpassed all the other combinations in terms of maximum root length (22.45 cm), root diameter (6.60 cm), fresh weight (179.25 g), dry weight (26.16 g), marketable root yield (27.90 t ha− 1) and total root yield (33.92 t ha− 1) during the experimental year. Similarly, PM with grass mulching also produced better results pertaining to carrot growth and yield. Based on these results, the greatest net benefit (360,520 Birr ha− 1) with an MRR of 3803% was obtained from the treatment combination of 20 t FYM with grass mulching. Therefore, the use of 20 t FYM with grass mulching could be recommended for carrot production in the study area. Since this study is limited by the use of organic manure with mulching materials during one season and at one location, the results should be repeated across seasons and locations.
Resveratrol Improves Diabetic Retinopathy via Regulating MicroRNA-29b/Specificity Protein 1/Apoptosis Pathway by Enhancing Autophagy
Authors: Zeng kaihong , Wan Zheng-Wei , Sun Ping , Wang Yuan , Song Yi , Yu Xue-Mei , Deng Bo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Therapeutic targeting of retinal Müller cells (RMCs) has garnered tremendous attention for early prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The microRNA-29b (miR-29b)/specificity protein 1 (SP1) pathway is critical for RMCs survival in hyperglycemic environments, and miR-29b downregulation and SP1 upregulation contribute to RMCs apoptosis during early DR stages. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural plant polyphenol, can inhibit RMCs apoptosis by regulating miR-29b/SP1 expression, playing an important role in early DR protection. However, how RSV affects high-glucose-stimulated miR-29b downregulation and SP1 upregulation in early DR remains poorly understood. Here, we show that RSV increased autophagosome formation and LC3-I/LC3-II and Beclin-1 levels while decreasing P62 level, thereby promoting autophagy and inhibiting dysregulation of miR-29b/SP1 pathway expression and RMCs apoptosis in DR rat retinal tissues and high glucose-cultured RMCs. This is supported by findings that autophagy inducer rapamycin (RAPA) enhances the effect of RSV on inhibiting high-glucose-induced dysregulation of miR-29b/SP1 expression and apoptosis of RMCs in DR rat retinal tissues and high glucose-cultured RMCs. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) attenuates the effect of RSV on inhibiting high-glucose-induced dysregulation of miR-29b/SP1 expression and apoptosis of RMCs in DR rat retinal tissues and high glucose-cultured RMCs. In summary, these results suggest that RSV further inhibits the apoptosis of RMCs by activating autophagy and regulating the early miR-29b downregulation and SP1 upregulation induced by high glucose, thereby inhibiting the progression of DR. Our findings suggest that RSV has great potential in the early prevention and treatment of DR.
Activation of three targets by a TAL effector confers susceptibility to bacterial blight of cotton
Authors: Shan Libo , Mormile Brendan , Bauer Taran , Wang Li , Rivero Rachel , Carpenter Sara , Clement Catherine Danmaigona , Cox Kevin , Zhang Lin , Ma Xiyu , Wheeler Terry , Dever Jane , Bogdanove Adam , He Ping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Xanthomonas spp. employ transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) to promote pathogenicity by activating host susceptibility (S) genes. Cotton GhSWEET10 is an S gene targeted by a TALE in an early isolate of Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), but not by recent field Xcm isolates. To understand the pathogenicity shift in Xcm and its adaptation to cotton, we assembled the whole genome and the TALE repertoire of three recent Xcm Texas field isolates. A newly evolved TALE, Tal7b, activated different GhSWEET genes, GhSWEET14a and GhSWEET14b. Simultaneous activation of GhSWEET14a and GhSWEET14b resulted in pronounced water-soaked lesions. Transcriptome profiling coupled with TALE-binding element prediction identified a pectin lyase as an additional Tal7b target, quantitatively contributing to Xcm virulence alongside GhSWEET14a/b. CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing supported the function of GhSWEETs as S genes in cotton bacterial blight and the promise of disrupting the TALE-binding site in these genes to control the disease. Collectively, our findings elucidate the rapid evolution of TALEs in Xanthomonas field isolates and highlight the virulence mechanism wherein TALEs induce multiple S genes simultaneously to promote pathogenicity.
Novel Machine Learning Analysis Algorithm ofDNA Methylation Patterns Identifies CerebralPalsy with Concurrent Epilepsy
Authors: Hicks Jonathan , Robinson Karyn , Lee Stephanie , Marsh Adam , Akins Robert 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background Spastic cerebral palsy, the most common pediatric-onset disabling condition with an estimated prevalence of 0.2% in children, is a complex condition characterized by stiff movement, muscle contractures, and abnormal gait that can diminish quality of life. Spastic CP accounts for approximately 83% of all CP cases and frequently co-occurs with other complex conditions, like epilepsy. An estimated 42% of spastic CP cases have co-occurring epilepsy. Unfortunately, CP is often difficult to diagnose. Although most children with CP are born with it or acquire it immediately after birth, many are not identified until after 19 months of age with CP diagnosis often not confirmed until 5 years of age. New bioinformatic approaches to identify CP earlier are needed. Recent studies indicate that altered DNA methylation patterns associated with CP may have diagnostic value. The potential confounding effects of co-occurrent epilepsy on these patterns are not known. We evaluated machine learning classification of CP patients with or without co-occurring epilepsy.
Results Whole blood samples were collected from 30 study participants diagnosed with epilepsy (n=4), spastic CP (n=10), both (n=8), or neither (n=8). A novel Support-Vector-Machine learning algorithm was developed to identify methylation loci that have ability to classify CP from controls in the presence or absence of epilepsy. This algorithm was also employed to measure classification ability of identified methylation loci. After preprocessing of data, isolation of important methylation loci was performed in a binary comparison between CP and controls, as well as in a 4-way scheme, encapsulating epilepsy diagnoses. The classification ability was similarly assessed. CP Classification performance wasevaluated with and without inclusion of epilepsy as a feature. Median F1 scoreswere 0.67 in 4-class comparison, and 1.0 in the binary classification, outperforming Linear-Discriminant-Analysis (0.57 and 0.86, respectively).
Conclusion This novel algorithm was able to classify study participants with spastic CPand/or epilepsy from controls with significant performance. The algorithm shows promise for rapid identification in methylation data of diagnostic methylation loci. In this model, Support Vector Machines outperformed Linear Discriminant Analysis in classification. In the evaluation of epigenetics-based diagnostics for CP, epilepsy may not be a significant confounding factor.
Optimising dynamic treatment regimens using sequential multiple assignment randomised trials data with missing data
Authors: Xu Jessica , De Silva Anurika P , Lee Katherine J , Mahar Robert , Simpson Julie A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Dynamic treatment regimens are commonly used for patients with chronic or progressive medical conditions. Sequential multiple assignment randomised trials (SMARTs) are studies used to optimise dynamic treatment regimens by repeatedly randomising participants to treatments. Q-learning, a stage-wise regression-based method used to analyse SMARTs, uses backward induction to compare treatments administered as a sequence. Missing data is a common problem in randomised trials and can be complex in SMARTs given the sequential randomisation. Common methods for handling missing data such as complete case analysis (CCA) and multiple imputation (MI) have been widely explored in single-stage randomised trials, however, the only study that explored these methods in SMARTs did not consider Q-learning. We evaluated the performance of CCA and MI on the estimation of Q-learning parameters in a SMART. We simulated 1000 datasets of 500 participants, based on simulation of a SMART with two stages, under different missing data scenarios defined by missing directed acyclic graphs (m-DAGS), percentages of missing data (20%, 40%), stage 2 treatment effects, and strengths of association with missingness in stage 2 treatment, patient history and outcome. We also compared CCA and MI using retrospective data from a longitudinal smoking cessation SMART. When there was no treatment effect at either stage 1 or 2, we observed close to zero absolute bias and similar empirical standard errors for CCA and MI under all missing data scenarios. When all participants had a relatively large stage 2 treatment effect, we observed some minimal bias from both, with slightly greater bias for MI. Empirical standard errors were higher for MI compared to CCA under all scenarios except for when data were missing not dependent on any variables. When the stage 2 treatment effect varied between participants, we observed greater bias for MI, which increased with the percentage missingness, while the bias for CCA remained minimal. Resulting empirical standard errors were lower or similar for MI compared to CCA under all missing data scenarios. Results showed that for a two-stage SMART, MI failed to capture the differences between treatment effects when the stage 2 treatment effect varied between participants.
Role of type I hypersensitivity reaction in the development of overall and uncomplicated acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Montero Javier Arredondo , Jiménez María Rico , Riveros Blanca Paola Pérez , Atuan Rafael Fernández , Pakkasjärvi Niklas , Krishnan Nellai , Delgado-Miguel Carlos , kanusachit@gmail.com  
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
This systematic review aimed to analyze the potential etiopathogenic role of a type I hypersensitivity reaction in the development of overall acute appendicitis (AA), non-complicated acute appendicitis (NCAA), and complicated acute appendicitis (CAA).
Methods
This review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024516547). We included both prospective and retrospective original clinical studies that examined the role of immunoallergic processes in the development of acute appendicitis (AA). A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and OVID, using the following search terms and keywords: (allergy OR allergic OR immunoallergy OR immunoallergic OR immunomediated) AND (appendicitis OR appendectomy) AND (IgE OR “IgE-mediated” OR hypersensitivity OR “type I”). Two independent reviewers meticulously selected the articles and extracted relevant data. The methodological quality of the studies was rigorously assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa index. A synthesis of the results, a standardization of the metrics, and seven random-effect meta-analyses were performed.
Results
This review included nineteen studies. A random-effects meta-analysis including six articles (6370 patients with NCAA and 2000 patients with CAA) showed that patients with any documented history of IgE-mediated allergy had a lower risk of developing CAA (OR 0.52, 95%CI [0.38–0.72], p < 0.0001). The random-effect meta-analysis for serum Interleukin-9 (NCAA vs. CAA) included two articles (177 patients with NCAA and 101 patients with CAA) and resulted in a significant mean difference [95% CI] of -0.38 [-0.67,-0.08] pg/mL (p = 0.01). The random-effect meta-analysis for serum Interleukin-13 (NCAA vs. CAA) included two articles (177 patients with NCAA and 101 patients with CAA) and resulted in a significant mean difference [95% CI] of -11.32 [-13.90,-8.75] pg/mL (p = < 0.00001). The random-effect meta-analysis for total eosinophil count (NCAA vs. CAA) included three articles (455 NCAA and 303 CAA) and resulted in a significant mean difference [95% CI] of -0.06 [-0.09,-0.04] eosinophils x 109/L (p = < 0.00001).
Conclusions
The present study demonstrates an association between a type I hypersensitivity reaction and the development of NCAA. Additionally, our meta-analytic model shows significantly higher levels of eosinophils peripheral blood in patients with NCAA than in patients with CAA. These findings suggest a potential immunoallergic mediation in the development of NCAA. Future prospective studies must validate these findings since these patients may benefit from specific therapeutic targets.
Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42024516547).
Was fire use a cultural trait of the Gravettian? New micro-archaeological data from Fuente del Salín cave (Val de San Vicente, Cantabria)
Authors: Alzate-Casallas Guillermo , Sánchez-Carro Miguel Angel , Barbieri Alvise , González-Morales Manuel Ramón 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Micro-archaeological data from sites located in central and eastern Europe show that, in comparison with other Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, Gravettian foragers used fire more intensively and for a wider range of purposes. In these regions, this shift in pyrotechnology overlaps with the onset of periglacial conditions and comparable micro-archaeological datasets from milder regions, such as Cantabria, remain scarce. As result, it is difficult to conclude whether these fire behaviors were cultural traits of the Gravettian tradition, or whether they reflect adaptations to regional environments.
To further investigate these hypotheses, we studied the sequence preserved at the cave of Fuente del Salín, in Cantabria, where previous excavations unearthed potential fire residues of Gravettian age. Using micromorphology, µ-X-ray fluorescence, and Scanning Electron Microscopy we reconstructed multiple phases of human visits to the site. Our results show that, during the main Gravettian occupation, foragers made intensive use of fire, as indicated by abundant heated bones and seashells, charcoals, amorphous char, fat-derived char, and in situ remains of stacked open hearts as well as burnt grass beddings. The intensive burning, systematic reuse of combustion features, and multiple purposes of the fires at Fuente del Salín are comparable with Gravettian sites from central and eastern Europe, indicating that these fire-use traits were not related with periglacial environments but with lifeway aspects and traditions of Gravettian hunter-gatherers.
Exploration of the chemical constituents of Tricholomopsis aurea (Beeli) Desjardin using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Ndifor Ache Roland , Dominique Ngnintedo , Claude Mossebo Dominique , Dongmo Yanick Kevin Melogmo , Henoumont Céline , Stanislaus Njinga Ngaitad , Laurent Sophie , Pantaléon Ambassa , Jean Sonchieu , Bathelemy Ngameni , Ghislain Fotso Wabo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Tricholomopsis aurea(Beeli) Desjardin & B.A. Perry is a wild edible fungus that is scarce in Cameroon, but common in other parts of the world. The metabolites of this food matrix have not been extensively analyzed thus far. This work aimed to establish the metabolic profile of Tricholomopsis aurea by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and to isolate some of the major compounds using chromatographic separation techniques. Overall, 65 compounds were identified as belonging to 18 classes, including amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, aminoglycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, fatty acids, phenolics, nucleosides, steroids, fatty acid amides, acyl glycerides, sphingolipids, alkaloids, terpenes, carotenoids, saponins, aromatic amines, and peptides. Six of the isolated compounds were characterized as oleic acid, elaidic acid petroselinic acid, ergosterol, ergosterol 5α,8α-endoperoxide and adenosine using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Fatty acids, steroids, amino acids and peptides were the main components of the mushroom. T. aureahas been proven to be a valuable source of chemically diverse compounds and to contain indispensable nutrients, such as amino acids, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins, which are essential for promoting the health span.