bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating single‐cell and spatial analysis reveals MUC1‐mediated cellular crosstalk in mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Haiyang , Shen Yiwen , Zheng Guangyong , Zhang Beibei , Wang Anqi , Zhang Jing , Hu Hao , Lin Jiayi , Liu Sanhong , Luan Xin , Zhang Weidong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA) is a distinct subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) with the most aggressive pattern, but effective treatment of MCA remains a challenge due to its vague pathological characteristics. An in‐depth understanding of transcriptional dynamics at the cellular level is critical for developing specialised MCA treatment strategies.MethodsWe integrated single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics data to systematically profile the MCA tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly the interactome of stromal and immune cells. In addition, a three‐dimensional bioprinting technique, canonical ex vivo co‐culture system, and immunofluorescence staining were further applied to validate the cellular communication networks within the TME.ResultsThis study identified the crucial intercellular interactions that engaged in MCA pathogenesis. We found the increased infiltration of FGF7+/THBS1+ myofibroblasts in MCA tissues with decreased expression of genes associated with leukocyte‐mediated immunity and T cell activation, suggesting a crucial role of these cells in regulating the immunosuppressive TME. In addition, MS4A4A+ macrophages that exhibit M2‐phenotype were enriched in the tumoral niche and high expression of MS4A4A+ was associated with poor prognosis in the cohort data. The ligand‐receptor‐based intercellular communication analysis revealed the tight interaction of MUC1+ malignant cells and ZEB1+ endothelial cells, providing mechanistic information for MCA angiogenesis and molecular targets for subsequent translational applications.ConclusionsOur study provides novel insights into communications among tumour cells with stromal and immune cells that are significantly enriched in the TME during MCA progression, presenting potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for MCA.Key points
Tumour microenvironment profiling of MCA is developed.
MUC1+ tumour cells interplay with FGF7+/THBS1+ myofibroblasts to promote MCA development.
MS4A4A+ macrophages exhibit M2 phenotype in MCA.
ZEB1+ endotheliocytes engage in EndMT process in MCA.
Study of the influence of magnetic shear on the linear MHD instabilities in the pedestal of elongated divertor configurations using CLT code
Authors: Xu Yuchen , Mao Shifeng , Chen Wenjin , Ma Zhiwei , Ye Minyou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEdge localized modes resulted from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities in the pedestal region are a significant concern for future tokamaks. In this work, Ci‐Liu‐Ti (CLT), an MHD code in the three‐dimensional toroidal geometry, is applied for the linear simulation of the ideal pedestal MHD instabilities. The simulations are performed for the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak‐like elongated divertor configuration with large triangularity, which is generated by the high‐accuracy free‐boundary equilibrium solver (CLT‐EQuilibrium, i.e., CLT‐EQ) developed recently. The present work focuses on the influence of the magnetic shear, which is scanned by adjusting the pedestal current with a fixed pedestal pressure profile. As the pedestal current increases, both the local (Slocal) and global (Sglobal) magnetic shear decrease. The ballooning mode is destabilized along with the decrease of Slocal, and stabilized when Slocal is negative for the whole region of bad curvature, which implies the access of the second stable region. Further increase of the pedestal current leads to the destabilization of the kink mode, which is stabilized again until Sglobal is negative at the location of significant gradient of current density. The simulated results are consistent with the findings in Radovanovic et al. Nucl. Fusion 62 (2022) 086004 and C. K. Sun et al. Phys. Plasmas 25 (2018) 082106, which indicates the availability of CLT in the linear simulation of the ideal pedestal instabilities.
Incidence and prevalence of eating disorders among U.S. military service members, 2016–2021
Authors: Bauman Viviana , Thompson Katherine A. , Sunderland Kevin W. , Thornton Jennifer A. , Schvey Natasha A. , Sekyere Nana Amma , Funk Wendy , Pav Veronika , Brydum Rick , Klein David A. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Lavender Jason M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveDespite unique experiences that may increase eating disorder risk, U.S. military service members are an understudied population. The current study examined incidence and prevalence of eating disorder diagnoses in U.S. military personnel.MethodThis retrospective cohort study utilized Military Health System Data Repository (MDR) data on eating disorder diagnoses (2016–2021). Active duty, Reserve, and National Guard U.S. military service members who received care via TRICARE Prime insurance were identified by ICD‐10 eating disorder diagnostic codes.ResultsDuring the 6‐year surveillance period, 5189 Service members received incident eating disorders diagnoses, with a crude overall incidence rate of 6.2 cases per 10,000 person‐years. The most common diagnosis was other/unspecified specified eating disorders, followed by binge‐eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa. There was an 18.5% overall rise in total incident cases across the surveillance period, but this trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). Point prevalence significantly increased across the 6‐year timeframe for total eating disorders (p < 0.001). Period prevalence for 6‐year surveillance period was 0.244% for total eating disorders, 0.149% for other/unspecified eating disorder, 0.043% for bulimia nervosa, 0.038% for binge‐eating disorder, and 0.013% for anorexia nervosa.DiscussionOverall crude incidence estimates for total eating disorders were higher than reported in prior research that included only active duty Service members and required an eating disorder diagnosis code in the first or second diagnostic position of the medical record. Comprehensive and confidential studies are needed to more thoroughly characterize the nature and scope of eating disorder symptomatology within U.S. military personnel.Public SignificanceU.S. military service members are a vulnerable population with regard to eating disorder symptoms. Previously reported incidence and prevalence estimates using data from the Military Health System may have been underestimated due to overly stringent case definitions. Given personal and occupational barriers (e.g., career consequences), confidential studies of military personnel may provide more complete data on the scope of eating disorders to inform screening and clinical practice guidelines for military populations.
Adaptive generalization in pollination systems: Hawkmoths increase fitness to long‐tubed flowers, but secondary pollinators remain important
Authors: Wenzell Katherine E. , Zhang Johnathan Y. , Skogen Krissa A. , Fant Jeremie B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSelection on floral traits by animal pollinators is important in the evolution of flowering plants, yet whether floral divergence requires specialized pollination remains uncertain. Longer floral tubes, a trait associated with long‐tongued pollinators, can also exclude other pollinators from accessing rewards, a potential mechanism for specialization. Across most of its range, Castilleja sessiliflora displays much longer corollas than most Castilleja species, though tube length varies geographically and correlates partially with hawkmoth visitation. To assess whether long corolla tubes reflect adaptation to hawkmoth pollinators, we performed a day/night pollinator exclusion experiment in nine natural populations that varied in corolla length across the range of C. sessiliflora and short‐tubed members of the parapatric C. purpurea complex. We compared the fitness contributions of nocturnal and diurnal visitors, revealing that long‐tubed populations visited predominantly by hawkmoths experienced greater fruit set at night, in contrast with short‐tubed populations or those visited mainly by diurnal pollinators. Next, leveraging a range‐wide multiyear dataset of pollinator visitation to these species, we identify that hawkmoth visitation is associated with increased fitness in long‐tubed populations overall, and that long tubes are associated with less diverse visitor assemblages. Thus, long corollas represent an adaptation to hawkmoth pollination at the exclusion of diverse pollinators. Nonetheless, while hawkmoths were scarce in the northern range, secondary diurnal pollinators contributed to fruit set across the range, providing reproductive assurance despite possible trait mismatch. This study illustrates adaptive generalization in pollination systems and that floral divergence may proceed along a continuum of generalized and specialized pollinator interactions.
Observation of interspecific feeding by White‐browed Shrike‐Babbler (Pteruthius aeralatus) of brood‐parasitic nestlings of Chestnut‐winged Cuckoo (Clamator coromandus) in a Nest of Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush (Pterorhinus pectoralis)
Authors: Lu Wen , Li Jinfa , Lei Yuan , Duan Jingnan , Luo Kang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe occurrence of interspecific feeding events, involving non‐obligate nest parasite species, is rare but has been documented in numerous avian species worldwide, particularly in Europe and North America. Our report presents an observation from southwest China, where we observed a Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush (Pterorhinus pectoralis) nest containing three laughingthrush nestlings and two nestlings of Chestnut‐winged Cuckoos (Clamator coromandus). They were being fed by the adult laughingthrush and a male White‐browed Shrike‐Babbler (Pteruthius aeralatus). However, after the cuckoo nestling fledged, we did not observe the Shrike‐Babbler feeding the laughingthrush nestlings remaining in the nest. Through a systematic examination of potential driving factors, we infer that the begging calls of the cuckoo nestlings likely played a crucial role in the misfeeding events observed in our study. However, it is essential to consider the potential influence of the male shrike‐babbler's status, including mateless, brood loss or female incubation. We highlight the further observations using digital recordings (for both images and sounds) to document detailed information on interspecific feeding events.
Assessing the gut microbiome and the influence of host genetics on a critically endangered primate, the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)
Authors: Guimaraes Sales Naiara , da Cruz Kaizer Mariane , Browett Samuel S. , Gabriel Sofia I. , McDevitt Allan D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) is one of the world's most critically endangered primates, with only ~1000 mature individuals remaining in the wild. Habitat loss and hunting have led to its sharp decline, making conservation efforts crucial. Analyses of gut microbiomes in wild populations can provide valuable information on host health and vulnerability, and ultimately, contribute to baseline knowledge toward improving conservation programs and reintroduction efforts. In this study, we analyzed the microbiome (16S rRNA metabarcoding) of fecal samples belonging to 53 uniquely genotyped individuals from three social groups from the Caparaó National Park, aiming to provide the first assessment of the microbiome diversity and composition for this species. Our results showed the muriqui gut microbiome was predominantly composed of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, with the dominant classes represented by Bacteroidia and Clostridia. High similarity in bacterial diversity and composition was found for individuals from distinct groups, suggesting a negligible geographical effect at the fine spatial scale analyzed. No significant effect of host genotype heterozygosity levels on microbiota diversity was recovered, but a significant influence of genetic distance on microbiota community structure and composition was demonstrated. Our findings stress the importance of considering associations between host genetics and the microbiome and suggest that the analyzed populations host a similar microbiome composition. This detailed microbiome assessment can aid conservation actions, including future anthropogenic impact assessments and animal reintroductions.
Detecting the invisible through DNA metabarcoding: The role of gelatinous taxa in the diet of two demersal Antarctic key stone fish species (Notothenioidei)
Authors: Ruiz Micaela B. , Moreira Eugenia , Novillo Manuel , Neuhaus Stefan , Leese Florian , Havermans Charlotte 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGelatinous zooplankton (GZP), i.e., ctenophores, cnidarian medusae, chaetognaths, appendicularians and salps, are considered climate change winners. This becomes particularly obvious in the Southern Ocean, which has undergone a significant shift from a krill‐based to a salp‐based ecosystem over the last decades. A better knowledge on the role of gelatinous invertebrates as prey is needed to predict the impact of such a gelatinous shift. Until recently, GZP was considered as a “trophic dead end”. However, their true importance in diets has remained unresolved due to the rapid digestion of their watery and soft tissues in predators' stomachs. In this study, we want to validate the paradigm shift from GZP being considered as “survival food” to be considered a “regular” prey item for two demersal fish species (Notothenia rossii and N. coriiceps) of Potter Cove, South Shetland Islands, using a multimarker (COI and 18S) metabarcoding approach. We found that GZP taxa commonly occurred in the diets of both species, represented by pelagic tunicates (appendicularians, salps), cnidarians, chaetognaths and ctenophores. Salps were the most abundant prey group, preyed upon by each individual of both species, reaching 98.7% relative read abundance for 18S. We recovered a wide range of different taxa in their diets, from primary producers to highly abundant invertebrates, thus the two nototheniid species can be regarded as “natural samplers” of the ecosystem in study. Finally, we want to point out the importance of multimarker metabarcoding approaches for broad ecological assessments, given the differential amplification and sequencing success of different markers for specific groups and the unequal taxonomic coverage of the reference databases. The output of each marker was highly complementary, since an important prey item such as salps, was only detected with 18S, while other taxa (e.g., Arthropoda) were represented with a higher taxonomic resolution with COI.
How to tackle therapeutic inertia in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. A scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC
Authors: Savarese Gianluigi , Lindberg Felix , Cannata Antonio , Chioncel Ovidiu , Stolfo Davide , Musella Francesca , Tomasoni Daniela , Abdelhamid Magdy , Banerjee Debasish , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Berthelot Emmanuelle , Braunschweig Frieder , Coats Andrew J.S. , Girerd Nicolas , Jankowska Ewa A. , Hill Loreena , Lainscak Mitja , Lopatin Yury , Lund Lars H. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Moura Brenda , Rakisheva Amina , Ray Robin , Seferovic Petar M. , Skouri Hadi , Vitale Cristiana , Volterrani Maurizio , Metra Marco , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGuideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) reduces morbidity and mortality, but its implementation is often poor in daily clinical practice. Barriers to implementation include clinical and organizational factors that might contribute to clinical inertia, i.e. avoidance/delay of recommended treatment initiation/optimization. The spectrum of strategies that might be applied to foster GDMT implementation is wide, and involves the organizational set‐up of heart failure care pathways, tailored drug initiation/optimization strategies increasing the chance of successful implementation, digital tools/telehealth interventions, educational activities and strategies targeting patient/physician awareness, and use of quality registries. This scientific statement by the Heart Failure Association of the ESC provides an overview of the current state of GDMT implementation in HFrEF, clinical and organizational barriers to implementation, and aims at suggesting a comprehensive framework on how to overcome clinical inertia and ultimately improve implementation of GDMT in HFrEF based on up‐to‐date evidence.
Restoration of CD3+CD56+ NKT‐like cell function by TIGIT blockade in inactive carrier and immune tolerant patients of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Yu Xiaojing , Zheng Yuanling , Huang Ruoyu , Dai Xiaoran , Kang Guijie , Wang Xuefu , Yan Guoxiu , Ding Biran , Zheng Meijuan , Xu Yuanhong , Zong Lu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection, which can be divided into immune‐tolerant (IT), immune‐active (IA), inactive carrier (IC) phases, and HBeAg‐negative hepatitis (ENEG), can induce liver cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CD3+CD56+ NKT‐like cells play an important role in antiviral immune response. However, the mechanism of NKT‐like cells to mediate immune tolerance remains largely elusive. In this study, we observed circulating NKT‐like cells from IC and IT CHB patients were phenotypically and functionally impaired, manifested by increased expression of inhibitory receptor TIGIT and decreased capacity of secreting antiviral cytokines. Besides, TIGIT+ NKT‐like cells of IC and IT CHB patients expressed lower levels of cytotoxic cytokines than the TIGIT− subset. Furthermore, increased expression of CD155, the ligand of TIGIT, on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) was detected in IC and IT CHB patients. Importantly, the co‐culture of NKT‐like cells and pDCs showed that NKT‐like cells restored their antiviral ability after TIGIT blockade upon HBV peptide stimulation in IC and IT CHB patients. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the TIGIT pathway may mediate immune tolerance in IT CHB patients and lead to functional impairment in IC patients, indicating that TIGIT may be a potential therapeutic checkpoint for immunotherapy of CHB patients.
Genetic modules for α‐factor pheromone controlled growth regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Gutbier Uta , Korp Juliane , Scheufler Lennart , Ostermann Kai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae is a commonly used microorganism in the biotechnological industry. For the industrial heterologous production of compounds, it is of great advantage to work with growth‐controllable yeast strains. In our work, we utilized the natural pheromone system of S. cerevisiae and generated a set of different strains possessing an α‐pheromone controllable growth behavior. Naturally, the α‐factor pheromone is involved in communication between haploid S. cerevisiae cells. Perception of the pheromone initiates several cellular changes, enabling the cells to prepare for an upcoming mating event. We exploited this natural pheromone response system and developed two different plasmid‐based modules, in which the target genes, MET15 and FAR1, are under control of the α‐factor sensitive FIG1 promoter for a controlled expression in S. cerevisiae. Whereas expression of MET15 led to a growth induction, FAR1 expression inhibited growth. The utilization of low copy number or high copy number plasmids for target gene expression and different concentrations of α‐factor allow a finely adjustable control of yeast growth rate.
Preventive maintenance decision model of electric vehicle charging pile based on mutation operator and life cycle optimization
Authors: Cai Jian , Ding Xiaoyin , Jiang Zhibo , Chen Jingyun , Cen Zhijia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a preventive maintenance decision model for electric vehicle charging stations based on mutation operators and lifecycle optimization to address the impact of potential faults on maintenance effectiveness. By introducing the particle swarm optimization algorithm with mutation operator, a comprehensive analysis of opportunity service age factor and safety failure probability factor was conducted to establish an indicator system for the operation status of charging piles, and a potential fault identification model was constructed. By optimizing the life cycle, the balance problem between optimal maintenance life and optimal opportunity maintenance life has been solved, thus completing preventive maintenance decisions. The experimental results show that the accuracy of this method in preventive maintenance decision‐making for electric vehicle charging piles can reach 98%, with an average preventive maintenance decision‐making time of 1.6 s for load piles. At the same time, the risk probability value and load loss value are effectively controlled. This study has good application prospects in improving the preventive maintenance effect of electric vehicle charging piles.
Repopulated microglia after pharmacological depletion decrease dendritic spine density in adult mouse brain
Authors: Wickel Jonathan , Chung Ha‐Yeun , Ceanga Mihai , von Stackelberg Nikolai , Hahn Nina , Candemir Özge , Baade‐Büttner Carolin , Mein Nils , Tomasini Paula , Woldeyesus Dan M. , Andreas Nico , Baumgarten Peter , Koch Philipp , Groth Marco , Wang Zhao‐Qi , Geis Christian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroglia are innate immune cells in the brain and show exceptional heterogeneity. They are key players in brain physiological development regulating synaptic plasticity and shaping neuronal networks. In pathological disease states, microglia‐induced synaptic pruning mediates synaptic loss and targeting microglia was proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the effect of microglia depletion and subsequent repopulation on dendritic spine density and neuronal function in the adult brain is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether pharmacological microglia depletion affects dendritic spine density after long‐term permanent microglia depletion and after short‐term microglia depletion with subsequent repopulation. Long‐term microglia depletion using colony‐stimulating‐factor‐1 receptor (CSF1‐R) inhibitor PLX5622 resulted in increased overall spine density, especially of mushroom spines, and increased excitatory postsynaptic current amplitudes. Short‐term PLX5622 treatment with subsequent repopulation of microglia had an opposite effect resulting in activated microglia with increased synaptic phagocytosis and consequently decreased spine density and reduced excitatory neurotransmission, while Barnes maze and elevated plus maze testing was unaffected. Moreover, RNA sequencing data of isolated repopulated microglia showed an activated and proinflammatory phenotype. Long‐term microglia depletion might be a promising therapeutic strategy in neurological diseases with pathological microglial activation, synaptic pruning, and synapse loss. However, repopulation after depletion induces activated microglia and results in a decrease of dendritic spines possibly limiting the therapeutic application of microglia depletion. Instead, persistent modulation of pathological microglia activity might be beneficial in controlling synaptic damage.