bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Subjective Illness Beliefs and Attitude Toward Recovery Within the Relationship of Insight and Depressive Symptoms Among People With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Cavelti Marialuisa , Beck Eva‐Marina , Kvrgic Sara , Kossowsky Joe , Vauth Roland 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveLow levels of insight are a risk factor for treatment nonadherence in schizophrenia, which can contribute to poor clinical outcome. On the other hand, high levels of insight have been associated with negative outcome, such as depression, hopelessness, and lowered quality of life. The present study investigates mechanisms underlying the association of insight and depressive symptoms and protective factors as potential therapeutic targets.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐two outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (35.2% women, mean age of 44.83 years) were studied using questionnaires and interviews to assess insight, depressive symptoms, recovery attitude, and illness appraisals with regard to course, functional impairments, and controllability. Psychotic and negative symptoms were assessed as control variables. The cross‐sectional data were analyzed using structural equation models and multiple linear regression analyses with latent variables.ResultsHigher levels of insight and psychotic symptoms were associated with more depressive symptoms. The association of negative symptoms with depressive symptoms was not significant. The relationship between insight and depressive symptoms was mediated by the participants’ perception of their illness as being chronic and disabling, as well as suppressed by their expectation of symptom control due to treatment. Finally, the association of insight and depressive symptoms was less pronounced in the patients with a positive recovery attitude than in those without this protective factor.ConclusionsTo achieve recovery, which includes symptom reduction, functional improvement, and subjective well‐being, it is necessary to prevent depressive symptoms as indicators of a demoralization process, which may arise as a consequence of growing insight. Possible treatment strategies focusing on changes of dysfunctional beliefs about the illness and the self and inducing a positive recovery attitude are discussed.
Targeting HMGB1 inhibits ovarian cancer growth and metastasis by lentivirus‐mediated RNA interference
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Jie , Zhao Yueran 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHigh‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear and extracellular protein, is implicated in the development and progression of some types of cancers. However, no information is available to date regarding the function of HMGB1 in ovarian cancer. In this study, we performed cDNA microarray analysis and identified HMGB1 as a gene dramatically elevated in the highly invasive subclone S1 compared with the low invasive subclone S21 derived from the same cell line SKOV3. Then lentivirus vector with HMGB1 shRNA was constructed and infected the highly invasive cell line S1, A1, and HO8910PM. Real‐time RT‐PCR, Western blot, and IHC results confirmed the down‐regulation of HMGB1 expression by its shRNA was about 80–90% at both the mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of HMGB1 significantly suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/G0 phase, which was accompanied by decreased expressions of cyclin D1 and PCNA. Furthermore, knockdown of HMGB1 induced ovarian cancer cell apoptosis, which was mediated by increased expression of Bax and decreased expression of Bcl‐2. Finally, knockdown of HMGB1 significantly inhibited ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis, which was regulated by decreased expressions of MMP2 and MMP9. Serum HMGB1 levels in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were significantly higher than that in patients with benign ovarian tumor and healthy controls. These results indicate that HMGB1 is a newly identified gene associated with ovarian cancer growth and metastasis. HMGB1 may serve as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer in the future. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3629–3638, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stannous chloride—an effective reducing agent for the removal of selenium(IV) from acidic solution
Authors: Geoffroy Nicolas , Demopoulos George P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Selenium removal from aqueous solutions can be a significant industrial problem, particularly in the metallurgical industry. In order to evaluate new reducing agents for this application, the reduction of selenious acid (H2SeO3) species with stannous ions (Sn2+) from weakly acidic sulfate solutions containing 300 mg L−1 of selenium at 23 °C was studied.RESULTS: At initial pH values < 1.3 and molar ratio ≥ 2, less than 0.5 µg L−1 of selenium(IV) remained in solution after reduction. The reductive precipitation reaction started as soon as the stannous ions were added to the selenium‐bearing solution and was completed in less than 5 min. The reaction products, characterized using X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, particle and surface area measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and chemical analysis, were composed of approximately equal amounts of tin selenide and tin dioxide. In addition to tin selenide a minor amount of selenium(IV) was found to be removed via adsorption on the tin dioxide formed in situ. Tests with a complex industrial solution also resulted in full and stable selenium precipitation.CONCLUSION: Stannous ions were found to be very effective in removing selenious ions from synthetic and industrial solutions, producing very stable precipitates. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Tetrachloroethylene and hexachloroethane degradation in Fe(III) and Fe(III)–citrate catalyzed Fenton systems
Authors: Jho EunHea , Singhal Naresh , Turner Susan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and hexachloroethane (HCA) degradation, individually and in mixture, is investigated by Fe(III) or Fe(III)‐citrate initiated Fenton reaction under a range of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations to illustrate the applicability and constraints of Fenton chemistry in degrading contaminants in polluted groundwater.RESULTS: In individual solutions Fe(III) rapidly degraded PCE for all H2O2 concentrations, but HCA at ≥ 0.2 mol L−1 H2O2; the apparent PCE degradation rate initially increased but then decreased with increasing H2O2, while the HCA degradation rate was either unaffected or increased. With Fe(III)‐citrate PCE degradation was lower and no HCA degradation occurred. PCE degradation was lower in PCE‐HCA mixture, but the trend with H2O2 concentration was similar to the individual chemical; for HCA the residual was smaller for higher H2O2 concentration, but the apparent degradation rate constant was unaffected.CONCLUSION: Fe(III) catalyzed reactions can potentially degrade chemicals through reductive as well as oxidative transformations. Degradation of chemicals in mixtures occurs at a slower rate due to competition for radical moieties. The Fe(III)‐citrate complex further slowed chemical transformation. This study expands on the use of different forms of iron to catalyze the Fenton reaction to degrade chemicals. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Performance of different immobilized‐cell systems to efficiently produce ethanol from whey: fluidized batch, packed‐bed and fluidized continuous bioreactors
Authors: Gabardo Sabrina , Rech Rosane , Ayub Marco Antônio Záchia 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The bioconversion of whey into ethanol by immobilizedKluyveromyces marxianusin packed‐bed and fluidized bioreactors is described. Both batch and continuous cultures were analyzed using three different strains ofK. marxianusand the effect of the operating mode, temperature, and dilution rates (D) were investigated.RESULTS:All immobilized strains ofK. marxianus(CBS 6556, CCT 4086, and CCT 2653) produced similar high yields of ethanol (0.44 ± 0.01 g EtOH g−1sugar). Significant variations of conversion efficiencies (66.1 to 83.3%) and ethanol productivities (0.78 to 0.96 g L−1h−1) were observed in the experiments with strainK. marxianusCBS 6556 at different temperatures. High yields of ethanol were obtained in fluidized and packed‐bed bioreactors continuous cultures at different D (0.1 to 0.3 h−1), with the highest productivity (3.5 g L−1h−1) observed for D = 0.3 h−1in the fluidized bioreactor (87% of the maximal theoretical conversion), whereas the highest ethanol concentration in the streaming effluent (28 g L−1) was obtained for D = 0.1 h−1. Electronic micrographs of the gel beads showed efficient cell immobilization.CONCLUSION:Batch and continuous cultivations of immobilizedK. marxianusin fluidized and packed‐bed bioreactors enable high yields and productivities of ethanol from whey. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic findings in a neonate with cobb syndrome
Authors: Jagła Mateusz , Szymońska Izabela , Kruczek Piotr 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCobb syndrome (cutaneomeningospinal angiomatosis) is a rare phacomatosis characterized by vascular abnormality of the spinal cord associated with a vascular naevus at the same metamere. We report the case of a newborn with Cobb syndrome, diagnosed by sonography of the spine and later confirmed by MRI. In neonates and young infants with dermatomal cutaneous vascular abnormalities, sonography of the spine should be used as the first imaging modality. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Sox11 modulates brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression in an exon promoter‐specific manner
Authors: Salerno Kathleen M. , Jing Xiaotang , Diges Charlotte M. , Cornuet Pamela K. , Glorioso Joseph C. , Albers Kathryn M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSox11 is a high‐mobility group (HMG)‐containing transcription factor that is significantly elevated in peripheral neurons in response to nerve injury. In vitro and in vivo studies support a central role for Sox11 in adult neuron growth and survival following injury. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a pleiotropic growth factor that has effects on neuronal survival, differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and regeneration. BDNF transcription is elevated in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following nerve injury in parallel with Sox11, allowing for the possible regulation by Sox11. To begin to assess the possible influence of Sox11, we used reverse transcriptase PCR assays to determine the relative expression of the nine (I–IXa) noncoding exons and one coding exon (exon IX) of the BDNF gene after sciatic nerve axotomy in the mouse. Exons with upstream promoter regions containing the Sox binding motif 5′‐AACAAAG‐3′ (I, IV, VII, and VIII) were increased at 1 or 3 days following axotomy. Exons 1 and IV showed the greatest increase, and only exon 1 remained elevated at 3 days. Luciferase assays showed that Sox11 could activate the most highly regulated exons, I and IV, and that this activation was reduced by mutation of putative Sox binding sites. Exon expression in injured DRG neurons had some overlap with Neuro2a cells that overexpress Sox11, showing elevation in exon IV and VII transcripts. These findings indicate cell type and contextual specificity of Sox11 in modulation of BDNF transcription. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glyphosate effects on photosynthesis, nutrient accumulation, and nodulation in glyphosate‐resistant soybean
Authors: Zobiole Luiz Henrique Saes , Kremer Robert John , de Oliveira Jr. Rubem Silvério , Constantin Jamil 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPrevious greenhouse studies have demonstrated that photosynthesis in some cultivars of first‐ (GR1) and second‐generation (GR2) glyphosate‐resistant soybean was reduced by glyphosate. The reduction in photosynthesis that resulted from glyphosate might affect nutrient uptake and lead to lower plant biomass production and ultimately reduced grain yield. Therefore, a field study was conducted to determine if glyphosate‐induced damage to soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Asgrow AG3539) plants observed under controlled greenhouse conditions might occur in the field environment. The present study evaluated photosynthetic rate, nutrient accumulation, nodulation, and biomass production of GR2 soybean receiving different rates of glyphosate (0, 800, 1200, 2400 g a.e. ha–1) applied at V2, V4, and V6 growth stages. In general, plant damage observed in the field study was similar to that in previous greenhouse studies. Increasing glyphosate rates and applications at later growth stages decreased nutrient accumulation, nodulation, leaf area, and shoot biomass production. Thus, to reduce potential undesirable effects of glyphosate on plant growth, application of the lowest glyphosate rate for weed‐control efficacy at early growth stages (V2 to V4) is suggested as an advantageous practice within current weed control in GR soybean for optimal crop productivity.
Effects of earthworms and plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil
Authors: Wu Fuyong , Wan Judy Hon Chi , Wu Shengchun , Wong Minghung 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBoth earthworms and plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are ubiquitous and important for promoting circulation of plant macronutrients. Two series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of earthworm casts and activities on the growth of PGPR, and the inoculation of earthworms and PGPR on the availability of N, P, and K in soils, respectively. During a short incubation period (0–34 h), the extracts of earthworm (Pheretima guillelmi)‐worked soil significantly (p< 0.05) increased the abundance of the three species of PGPR, including N‐fixing bacteria (NFB) (Azotobacter chroococcumHKN‐5), phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Bacillus megateriumHKP‐1), and K‐solubilizing bacteria (KSB) (B. mucilaginousHKK‐1), in Luria‐Bertani (LB) broth. There were synergistic effects of dual inoculation of earthworms and PGPR on increasing the concentrations of NH$ _4^+ $‐N, (NO$ _3^- $+ NO$ _2^- $)‐N, NaHCO3‐extractable P, and NH4OAc‐extractable K in the corresponding soils. Bioavailable N (the sum of NH$ _4^+ $‐N and [NO$ _3^- $+ NO$ _2^- $]‐N) in the dual inoculation was 4 to 24 times those inoculated with earthworms or NFB alone, respectively. The significantly higher concentrations of bioavailable N and P in the dual inoculation of earthworms and NFB or PSB may be due to the higher abundance of PGPR and/or higher activities of urease and acid phosphatase than those of single inoculation of NFB or PSB, respectively. Dual inoculation of earthworms and PGPR would be most effective in reducing the need for chemical fertilizers in agriculture.
Consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extract and its impact on systemic antioxidant potential in healthy subjects
Authors: Frank Thomas , Netzel Gabriele , Kammerer Dietmar R , Carle Reinhold , Kler Adolf , Kriesl Erwin , Bitsch Irmgard , Bitsch Roland , Netzel Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: To evaluate health benefits attributed to Hibiscus sabdariffa L. a randomized, open‐label, two‐way crossover study was undertaken to compare the impact of an aqueous H. sabdariffa L. extract (HSE) on the systemic antioxidant potential (AOP; assayed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) with a reference treatment (water) in eight healthy volunteers. The biokinetic variables were the areas under the curve (AUC) of plasma FRAP, ascorbic acid and urate that are above the pre‐dose concentration, and the amounts excreted into urine within 24 h (Ae0–24) of antioxidants as assayed by FRAP, ascorbic acid, uric acid, malondialdehyde (biomarker for oxidative stress), and hippuric acid (metabolite and potential biomarker for total polyphenol intake).RESULTS: HSE caused significantly higher plasma AUC of FRAP, an increase in Ae0–24 of FRAP, ascorbic acid and hippuric acid, whereas malondialdehyde excretion was reduced. Furthermore, the main hibiscus anthocyanins as well as one glucuronide conjugate could be quantified in the volunteers' urine (0.02% of the administered dose).CONCLUSION: The aqueous HSE investigated in this study enhanced the systemic AOP and reduced the oxidative stress in humans. Furthermore, the increased urinary hippuric acid excretion after HSE consumption indicates a high biotransformation of the ingested HSE polyphenols, most likely caused by the colonic microbiota. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of the clinicopathological characteristics of young and Elderly patients with gastric carcinoma: A meta analysis
Authors: Kong Xuan , Wang Ji‐Lin , Chen Hui‐Min , Fang Jing‐Yuan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTo evaluate the relationship between age and clinicopathological characteristics in gastric carcinoma patients, we performed the meta‐analysis based on nine retrospective clinical trials. Comparing elderly patients with young patients it showed lower male/female ratio, more diffuse GC, more Borrmann type IV, more poorly differentiated carcinoma, more peritoneal metastasis, less vascular invasion, fewer partial resections, and better 5‐year survival rate. These particular age‐related characteristics need to be further investigated. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:346–352. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molar Mass and Microstructure Analysis of PI‐b‐PMMA Copolymers by SEC‐NMR
Authors: Hehn Mathias , Hiller Wolf , Wagner Thomas , Thiel Jürgen , Pasch Harald 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe online coupling of size‐exclusion chromatography and NMR is used to characterize block copolymers consisting of polyisoprene (PI) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) regarding their distributions of molar mass (MMD) and chemical composition (CCD). Using the CCD, $\overline{M}_{\rm n}$ and $\overline{M}_{\rm w}$ are calculated on the basis of PI and PMMA homopolymer calibrations. The microstructure distribution of PMMA and the distribution of isomeric units of PI in dependence of molar mass is also demonstrated. Furthermore, a simulation analysis is presented for a bimodal eluting sample. It allows for full separation, quantification and molar mass determination of the coeluting co‐ and homopolymer fractions. The quantification of the fractions is verified by liquid chromatography at critical conditions.
Fabrication of Transparent, Tough, and Conductive Shape‐Memory Polyurethane Films by Incorporating a Small Amount of High‐Quality Graphene
Authors: Jung Yong Chae , Kim Jin Hee , Hayashi Takuya , Kim Yoong Ahm , Endo Morinobu , Terrones Mauricio , Dresselhaus Mildred S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe report a mechanically strong, electrically and thermally conductive, and optically transparent shape‐memory polyurethane composite which was fabricated by introducing a small amount (0.1 wt%) of high‐quality graphene as a filler. Geometrically large (≈4.6 μm2), but highly crystallized few‐layer graphenes, verified by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, were prepared by the sonication of expandable graphite in an organic solvent. Oxygen‐ containing functional groups at the edge plane of graphene were crucial for an effective stress transfer from the graphene to polyurethane. Homogeneously dispersed few‐layered graphene enabled polyurethane to have a high shape recovery force of 1.8 MPa cm−3. Graphene, which is intrinsically stretchable up to 10%, will enable high‐performance composites to be fabricated at relatively low cost and we thus envisage that such composites may replace carbon nanotubes for various applications in the near future.
Junk Food in Schools and Childhood Obesity
Authors: Datar Ashlesha , Nicosia Nancy 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDespite limited empirical evidence, there is growing concern that junk food availability in schools has contributed to the childhood obesity epidemic. In this paper, we estimate the effects of junk food availability on body mass index (BMI), obesity, and related outcomes among a national sample of fifth graders. Unlike previous studies, we address the endogeneity of the school food environment by controlling for children'sBMIat school entry and estimating instrumental variables regressions that leverage variation in the school's grade span. Our main finding is that junk food availability does not significantly increaseBMIor obesity among this fifth‐grade cohort despite the increased likelihood of in‐school junk food purchases. The results are robust to alternate measures of junk food availability including school administrator reports of sales during school hours, school administrator reports of competitive food outlets, and children's reports of junk food availability. Moreover, the absence of any effects on overall food consumption and physical activity further support the null findings forBMIand obesity.
Crystallization behavior and molecular orientation of high density polyethylene parts prepared by gas‐assisted injection molding
Authors: Sun Nan , Yang Bin , Wang Long , Feng Jian‐Ming , Yin Bo , Zhang Kai , Yang Ming‐Bo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe dependence of hierarchy in crystalline structures and molecular orientations of high density polyethylene parts with different molecular weights molded by gas‐assisted injection molding (GAIM) was intensively examined by scanning electron microscopy, two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray scattering as well as dynamic rheological measurements. The non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of the samples were also analyzed with a differential scanning calorimeter at various scanning rates. It was found that oriented lamellar structure, shish‐kebab and common spherulites were formed in different regions of the GAIM samples. The scanning electron microscope observations were consistent with the two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray scattering results and showed that the molecular chains near the mold wall had strong orientation behavior, revealing the distribution of the shear rate of the GAIM process. The differences in crystal morphologies can be attributed to molecular weight differences as well as their responses to the external fields during the GAIM process. The formation mechanism of the shish‐kebab structure under the flow field of GAIM was also explored. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Morphology, nanomechanical and thermodynamic surface characteristics of nylon 6/feather keratin blend films: an atomic force microscopy investigation
Authors: Akhlaghi Shahin , Sharif Alireza , Kalaee Mohammadreza , Nouri Ali , Manafi Mohammadreza 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe surface structure and nanomechanical properties of solution‐cast nylon 6 (NY6)/feather keratin (FK) blend films were investigated using a combination of tapping‐mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase imaging and nanoscale indentation. A tendency for a nanoscale phase separation between NY6 and FK in their various blends was judged based on the blend phase images. The surface topography and roughness analysis of the AFM height images revealed that FK‐rich blends had coarser surfaces than NY6‐rich ones, possibly due to the heterogeneous nature of the FK chemical structure. Amplitude–phase–distance measurements involving the assignment of the darker and brighter regions of the phase images to NY6‐rich and FK‐rich, respectively, or vice versa led to the recognition of a phase inversion in the blend containing 40 wt% FK. The occurrence of the phase inversion phenomenon was related to the significant difference between the molecular weights of the blend constituents. Analysis of nanoindentation data showed that blending FK and NY6 at various ratios resulted in mixtures with modified mechanical and adhesion features. On the one hand, the NY6 component was responsible for an enhanced elastic modulus and stiffness of the blends, and on the other hand, the FK component provided higher pull‐off force and work of adhesion for the samples. A new approach is also proposed to directly determine the surface energy (γ) values of samples from the nanoindentation data. The excellent consistency between the calculated γ values and the results obtained from contact angle measurements lends credence to the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry