bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial species exist and are maintained by ecological cohesiveness coupled to high homologous recombination
Authors: Conrad Roth E. , Brink Catherine E. , Viver Tomeu , Rodriguez-R Luis M. , Aldeguer-Riquelme Borja , Hatt Janet K. , Venter Stephanus N. , Amann Rudolf , Rossello-Mora Ramon , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTRecent analyses of metagenomes and genomes have revealed that microbial communities are predominantly composed of persistent, sequence-discrete species and intraspecies units (genomovars). To advance the species concept the underlying genetic or ecological mechanisms that maintain these discrete units need to be elucidated. By analyzing closely related isolate genomes from the same or related samples we show that high ecological cohesiveness coupled to frequent-enough and unbiased (i.e., not selection driven) horizontal gene flow, mediated by homologous recombination, often underlie these diversity patterns. Ecological cohesiveness was inferred based on higher similarity in abundance patterns of genomes of the same vs. different units, while recombination frequency was shown to have two times or more impact on sequence evolution than point mutation. Therefore, our results represent a departure compared to previous models of microbial speciation that invoke either ecology or selection-driven recombination, but not their synergistic effect, as the mechanism of unit cohesion. These results were observed in bothSalinibacter ruber, an environmental halophilic organism, andEscherichia coli, the model gut-associated organism and an opportunistic pathogen, indicating that they may be more broadly applicable to the microbial world. Therefore, our results have strong implications for how to identify and regulate microbial species and genomovars of clinical or environmental importance and answer an important question for microbiology: what a species is.SIGNIFICANCEA highly pressing issue to resolve toward advancing the species concept for microbes (i.e., “what a species is”) is to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for creating and maintaining species- and intraspecies-level gaps in diversity, or simply “clusters”. In this study, we provide a novel methodology and the appropriate data to elucidate these mechanisms, and thus provide a mechanistic explanation of how the evolution of species- and strain-level clusters takes place. Specifically, our results show that several bacteria may be evolving and speciating much more sexually than previously thought, even under conditions of no strong positive selection for DNA exchange (i.e., neutral conditions). These results have major implications for better understanding and modeling microbial diversity on the planet.
Seesaw protein: Design of a protein that adopts interconvertible alternative functional conformations
Authors: Ikeda Toma , Nojima Tatsuya , Yamamoto Souma , Yamada Ryusei , Konno Hiroki , Taguchi Hideki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClassical Anfinsenʼs dogma states that a protein folds into a single unique conformation with minimal Gibbs energy under physiological conditions. However, recent advances have revealed that single amino acid sequences can fold into two or more conformations. Here, we propose a novel approach to design a protein that adopts interconvertible alternative functional conformations, termed “seesaw” protein (SSP). An SSP was engineered by fusing GFP lacking the C-terminal β-strand and DHFR lacking the N-terminal β-strand with an overlapping linker, which can be competitively incorporated into either the GFP or the DHFR moiety. In vivo and biochemical analysis, including AFM imaging, demonstrated that the SSP adopts two alternative conformations, which can be biased by point mutations and ligand binding. In addition, the balance of the seesaw can be reversibly changed depending on buffer conditions. In summary, our design strategy for SSP provides a new direction for creating artificial proteins with on-off behaviors.
Helical Coiled Nucleosome Chromosome Architectures during Cell Cycle Progression
Authors: McDonald Angus , Murre Cornelis , Sedat John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent studies showed an interphase chromosome architecture, --- a specific coiled nucleosome structure, --- derived from cryo-preserved EM tomograms, and dispersed throughout the nucleus. The images were computationally processed to fill in the missing wedges of data caused by incomplete tomographic tilts. The resulting structures increased z-resolution enabling an extension of the proposed architecture to that of mitotic chromosomes.Here we provide additional insights and details into the coiled nucleosome chromosome architectures. We build on the defined chromosomes time-dependent structures in an effort to probe their dynamics. Variants of the coiled chromosome structures, possibly further defining specific regions, are discussed. We propose, based on generalized specific uncoiling of mitotic chromosomes in telophase, large-scale re-organization of interphase chromosomes. Chromosome territories, organized as micron-sized small patches, are constructed, satisfying complex volume considerations. Finally, we unveiled the structures of replicated coiled chromosomes, still attached to centromeres, as part of chromosome architecture.Significance StatementThis study places all 46 sequenced human chromosomes, --- correctly filled with nucleosomes and in micron sized chromosome territories — into 10micron (average sized) nuclei. The chromosome architecture used a helical nucleosome coiled structure discerned from cryo-EM tomography, as was recently published (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119101119). This chromosome architecture was further modeled to dynamic structures, structure variations and chromosome replication centromere complications. Finally, this chromosome architecture was modified to allow seamless transition through the cell cycle.
Length-sensitive partitioning ofCaenorhabditis elegansmeiotic chromosomes senses proximity and number of crossover sites
Authors: Rodriguez-Reza Carlos Mario , Sato-Carlton Aya , Carlton Peter Mark 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSensing and control of size is critical for cellular function and survival. A striking example of size sensing occurs during meiosis in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans.C. eleganschromosomes compare the lengths of the two chromosome “arms” demarcated by the position of their single off-center crossover, and differentially modify these arms to ensure that sister chromatid cohesion is lost specifically on the shorter arm in the first meiotic division, while the longer arm maintains cohesion until the second division. While many of the downstream steps leading to cohesion loss have been characterized, the length sensing process itself remains poorly understood. Here, we have used cytological visualization of the short arm, combined with quantitative microscopy, live imaging, and simulations, to investigate the principles underlying length-sensitive chromosome partitioning. By quantitatively analyzing short arm designation patterns on fusion chromosomes carrying multiple crossovers, we develop a model in which a short arm-determining factor originates at crossover designation sites, diffuses within the phase-separated synaptonemal complex, and accumulates within crossover-bounded chromosome segments. We demonstrate experimental support for a critical assumption of this model, that crossovers act as boundaries to diffusion within the synaptonemal complex. Further, we develop a discrete simulation based on our results that recapitulates a wide variety of observed partitioning outcomes in both wild type and previously reported mutants. Our results suggest that the concentration of a diffusible factor is used as a proxy for chromosome length, enabling the correct designation of short and long arms and proper segregation of chromosomes.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of energy utilisation behaviours: a study of residential building occupants
Authors: Tilde Aisha Ibrahim , Fernando Nirodha Gayani 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis study aims to assess residential energy consumption knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Abuja Municipality, providing insights for effective conservation strategies, reducing costs and mitigating environmental impact.Design/methodology/approachData for this study was collected through a cross-sectional survey conducted among a representative sample of the Nigerian population between February and April 2021. A total of 462 questionnaire responses were collected and subsequently analysed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics, including frequency count, percentages, mean, and standard deviation, were calculated. Additionally, inferential statistics were performed using Chi-Square analysis, with significant level set at p = 0.05 to draw meaningful conclusions from the data.FindingsThe study results indicate that out of the total respondents, 244 individuals (67.4%) demonstrated a profound knowledge of and good practice in energy utilisation. In comparison, 118 individuals (32.6%) exhibited poor knowledge and practice in energy saving. Moreover, the findings reveal a significant association between the sociodemographic factors of the respondents, building type, and their overall practice in energy utilisation. Statistical analysis shows significant? 2 values for each case: 8.563 (p = 0.003), 66.736 (p = 0.000), 60.866 (p = 0.000), 23.487 (p = 0.000), 37.877 (p = 0.000), and 92.334 (p = 0.000), respectively, where p < 0.05. These results highlight the importance of considering sociodemographic profiles and building characteristics when assessing general energy utilisation practices.Originality/valueThe research offers valuable insights into Nigerian energy usage behaviours and attitudes towards energy saving in residential buildings, contributing significantly to the knowledge base.
Construction framework process: a qualitative investigation of behaviour change drivers and project outcomes
Authors: Lam Terence Y.M. , Gale Keith S. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Construction framework agreements are identified by the UK Government’s Construction Strategy 2025 as an integrated procurement path to improve construction industry efficiency. However, criticisms from the industry have arisen from the lack of transparency and incorrect application of such frameworks. This paper aims to examine the client and supplier relationships within a framework agreement to discover what behaviour change drivers should be applied in the framework process to achieve the desired project outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
A triangulation approach was adopted. An initial literature review on organisational behaviour and job performance theories was conducted followed by a qualitative expert review survey of client construction managers to confirm the project outcomes desired by public-sector clients and the associated behaviour change drivers. This was followed by a qualitative multiple-case study investigation of eight typical framework projects to form a commonality of views to explain the impact of behaviour change drivers on project outcomes.

Findings
Results from both qualitative studies demonstrated that improvements in project outcomes of time, cost, quality, sustainability and closer relationships can be driven by two sets of behaviour drivers: client organisational behaviour change drivers (setting up incentive and risk-sharing procurement approach, effective communication through development of stronger relationships and performance monitoring using contract key performance indicators) and supplier contextual behaviour change drivers (motivating conscientious behaviour and attitude towards self-improvement and innovations, supporting shared culture of providing services aligning with the client needs, promoting learning and development amongst all suppliers and most importantly providing trust and collaboration to the client).

Research limitations/implications
The investigation was based on an expert review with eight multiple-case studies conducted within the geographical area of England. Further research should be conducted nationwide so that the findings can become more robust and benefit the entire public sector.

Practical implications
It is suggested that framework managers should apply the supplier contextual performance drivers as selection criteria in the procurement process, whilst the client organisational performance drivers should be applied in the whole procurement and construction monitoring process to drive project outcomes aligned with the government construction policy objectives.

Originality/value
This research demonstrates that the project behaviour of clients and suppliers can be shifted within the construction framework environment to yield the desired project outcomes. This can be achieved by applying the client organisational behaviour drivers and the supplier contextual behaviour change drivers in tandem to optimise the framework process.
An effect of retting process and extraction methods on physical and mechanical properties of areca nut fibers
Authors: Sunny Georgy , Palani Rajan T. 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe purpose of the project is to explore the biosoftening of raw areca nut fibers using two different biological retting methods and assess their impact on fiber properties for improved spinning. The study aims to contribute to the fashion industry’s shift toward sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe project involves collecting raw brown areca shells, subjecting them to two retting methods (stagnant water retting and changing water daily retting) and then extracting and drying the fibers. Various physical and chemical properties of the fibers are measured to evaluate their suitability for spinning.FindingsThe stagnant water retting method, especially the fibers obtained on the second day, showed improved properties in terms of fiber strength, elongation, fineness and cellulose content, making them suitable for spinning applications. The method also resulted in better moisture regain.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused on two retting methods and a limited timeframe. Further research could explore additional techniques and durations. The labor-intensive nature of the daily changing water retting method may have implications for scalability.Practical implicationsThe project demonstrates a cost-effective and sustainable method for converting agricultural waste (areca nut husks) into valuable fibers suitable for various end users.Social implicationsThe research supports the fashion industry’s sustainability efforts by promoting the use of eco-friendly natural fibers, potentially benefiting rural farming communities.Originality/valueThe project highlights the innovative use of areca nut fibers and their potential to contribute to sustainable fashion. The stagnant water retting method is presented as a reliable and effective approach for improving fiber properties. Additionally, all fiber testing was exclusively conducted at the South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), with sponsorship from the industry and support from the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India.
Built environment stakeholders and climate change adaptation: the case of Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando Nishara , Jayathilake Pasindu , De Silva Malith , Gunathilake Wathsala , Devapura Nilushi , Wise Belinda 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study aims to identify key built environment stakeholders in Sri Lanka and to understand their roles and responsibilities in tackling climate change. It also seeks to identify key challenges experienced by stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
Secondary data was systematically reviewed to identify key-built environment stakeholders in Sri Lanka. Thereafter, primary data was collected from a purposively selected sample of 40 built environment experts using a semi-structured interview schedule. The collected data was analyzed using the thematic analysis method.

Findings
The study identified built environment stakeholders in five sectors, namely, the state sector, the private sector, non-governmental organizations, academia and the general public. It was revealed that the state sector is responsible for policy formation and implementation, while the private sector acts as a financial facilitator. Academia generates and disseminates knowledge on climate change and community-based organizations provide inputs. Key skills and knowledge gaps of stakeholders include a lack of comprehension of the climate change theory and its concepts, lack of awareness on policies and legislation, lack of communication skills, language skills, digital proficiency and lack of integrated working skills. Unified action and equitable representation of all stakeholders is necessary to tackle climate change.

Originality/value
The original contribution of the paper is its emphasis on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the built environment in relation to climate change adaptations alongside its identification of key knowledge gaps among stakeholders.
Unlocking immersive education: the emergence of the meta-governance framework
Authors: Jabbouri Rachid , Issa Helmi , Dakroub Roy , Ankit Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

PurposeWith the rapid diffusion of the metaverse into all aspects of businesses and the education industry, scholars have predominantly focused on examining its projected benefits and harms, yet have overlooked to empirically explore its unpredictable nature, which offers an exciting realm of unexplored challenges and opportunities.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts a qualitative research design in the form of 24 interviews from a single EdTech to investigate the possibility of unexpected developments resulting from the integration of the metaverse into its solutions.FindingsThree noteworthy observations have emerged from the analysis: technological obsolescence, resource allocation imbalance, and monoculturalism.Originality/valueThis research pioneers an empirical exploration of the latent outcomes stemming from metaverse adoption within EdTechs, while also introducing a novel theoretical framework termed “meta-governance,” which extends the Edu-Metaverse ecosystem.
A principal component analysis of sustainable building construction features for project delivery in South Africa
Authors: Emere Chijioke Emmanuel , Aigbavboa Clinton Ohis , Thwala Wellington Didibhuku , Akinradewo Opeoluwa Israel 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Successful project delivery for sustainable building construction (SBC) has been linked to certain features. Previous studies have emphasised the need to improve SBC practice in South Africa. The purpose of this study is to explore the SBC features for project delivery in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
A structured questionnaire elicited the primary data from 281 built environment professionals, mainly in South Africa’s Gauteng province. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. This study used the principal component analysis technique to ascertain the principal SBC features.

Findings
Three components of SBC features, namely, sustainable resource use and compliance, sustainable waste minimisation and recycling and sustainable designs and materials, were developed from the principal component analysis. The factor loadings of the constituent variables ranged from 0.570 to 0.836. The reliability of each component was evaluated, and the results were 0.966, 0.931 and 0.913.

Practical implications
The revelations from this study will aid the decision-making of the relevant stakeholders towards establishing improvement initiatives and mitigating the reluctance to shift from conventional building methods and poor knowledge sharing of SBC benefits.

Originality/value
This is one of the most recent South African studies that sheds light on the components of a successful SBC deployment. The findings of this study added to knowledge by confirming three fundamental features of SBC. This study recommends adequately considering the principal features for successful SBC project delivery in South Africa.
Rethinking organizational culture in intersectoral coordination: the perspective of boundary work
Authors: Fehsenfeld Michael , Maindal Helle Terkildsen , Burau Viola 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to rethink the concept of organizational culture as something that emerges bottom-up by using the sociological concepts of boundary object and boundary work as an analytical lens and to show how this approach can help understand and facilitate intersectoral coordination.Design/methodology/approachWe used observations and qualitative interviews to develop “deep” knowledge about processes of intersectoral coordination. The study draws on a conceptual framework of “boundary work” and “boundary objects” to show how a bottom-up perspective on organizational culture can produce better understanding of and pave the way for intersectoral coordination. We use a case of health professionals engaged in two Danish intersectoral programs developing and providing health promotion services for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).FindingsThe study showed how boundary work revolves around negotiations on how to define, understand and act on the diagnosis of GDM. This diagnosis has the characteristics of a “boundary object”, being more loosely structured in general terms, but strongly structured in local settings. Boundary objects help connect different professionals and facilitate coordination. The analysis showed how the introduction of time and the concept of “lifelong health promotion” helped to transgress existing organizational and professional boundaries.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings contribute to the literature on organizational culture and intersectoral coordination. We highlight the benefits of a practice-oriented, bottom-up perspective for a better understanding of how shared meaning is produced in cross professional coordination and collaboration. While the theoretical implications will be general applicable when studying organizational culture, the implications for practice are sensitive to context and the processes we have described as the outcomes of boundary work are generated from cases that were most likely to provide deep insight into our research topic.Practical implicationsFor practice this can build bridges between organizational and professional boundaries.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to the literature on organizational culture and intersectoral coordination. We highlight the benefits of a practice-oriented, bottom-up perspective for a better understanding of how shared meaning is produced in cross professional coordination. This may build bridges between organizational and professional boundaries in practice settings.