bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The grammar of a hunger strike: nonviolence and biopolitics in Manipur, India
Authors: Saha Roy Sayantan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhat are the potentialities and limits of nonviolence as a method of resistance against modern biopolitics? This article offers an ethnographic account of Irom Sharmila's sixteen‐year‐long hunger strike against the continued state of emergency in the Indian state of Manipur. It interrogates how she envisioned the protest, the objectives that she set, and how her protest came to an end. This article demonstrates that her protest was not about a will to death, as it has often been described, but instead was based on a radical distribution of responsibility among the people suffering under the regime of violence. Her nonviolent protest as a Gandhian practice was directed particularly at the entailments of violence. In challenging the state but refusing to emulate it, she became an exemplar. She became the one who could not be killed even by the state with exceptional powers. Finally, by contrasting her protest with Manipuri nationalism, this article shows how the ethics of nonviolence offers a unique vision for peace and liberation.
The effect of an extended‐hours ED clinical pharmacy service on admission medication prescribing errors
Authors: Maleki Sam , Gu Galahad , Buntine Paul , Zamani Mazdak , Zhu Violet , Chan Kayin , Martin Catherine , Goulopoulos Anne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of a 7‐day extended‐hours clinical pharmacy service in the ED on medication prescribing errors upon hospital admission and time to medication reconciliation.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, high‐needs patients reviewed by ED pharmacists were compared against those not reviewed, to determine if the service was associated with reduction in admission medication errors. The primary outcome was the rate of medication errors. Errors were independently rated by two senior clinicians using a risk‐probability matrix. Secondary outcomes included service's impact on time to best possible medication history (BPMH) and medication reconciliation.ResultsThere were 242 patients who met the inclusion criteria: 105 intervention vs 137 control. In the intervention arm, 74 patients had at least 1 medication error compared with 113 in the control arm (total errors 206 vs 407). The error rate per 10 medications (interquartile range) was 1.4 (0, 2.9) in the intervention arm compared with 2.7 (1.2, 4.3) in the control arm (risk ratio 0.66 [95% confidence interval: 0.56–0.78]; P < 0.001). There were 33 moderate‐risk and no high‐risk errors (intervention), compared with 84 moderate‐risk and 3 high‐risk errors (control). Percent agreement was 98.98% (weighted kappa: 0.62). Time to BPMH and medication reconciliation were reduced from 40.5 and 45.0 h to 7.8 and 40.0 h, respectively.ConclusionsThe 7‐day extended‐hours ED clinical pharmacy service was associated with a reduction in medication prescribing errors in high‐needs patients and improved time to BPMH and medication reconciliation.
Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from kimchi regulates inflammation by increasing interleukin‐10 secretion by antigen‐presenting cells, leading to diminishing of STAT5 phosphorylation in Th2 cells
Authors: Hyung Kyeong Eun , Yoo Hyui Kyeong , Ham Ju Eon , Choi Jee Yeon , Lee Sanggyu , Park So‐Young , Hwang Kwang Woo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe relationship between allergic inflammation and gut microbiota has been elucidated, and the effect of probiotics on immune disorders has been studied as well. Identifying the role of probiotics in individual diseases and immune responses and selecting and applying specific microorganisms based on these findings can be an effective strategy for using probiotics. Herein, lactobacilli isolated from kimchi were investigated in depth, focusing on their immune regulatory effects and the mechanisms involved. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) effectively diminished the increased secretion of T helper 2 cytokines, such as IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, from ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized mouse splenocytes. The gene expression of GATA3, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, and IL‐13 was confirmed to be regulated by LAB. LAB also suppressed IL‐2 production and STAT5 phosphorylation. An IL‐10‐neutralizing antibody attenuated these effects, indicating that LAB‐induced upregulation of IL‐10 in antigen‐presenting cells was responsible at least partially for the increased IL‐2 production and STAT5 phosphorylation in CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, the current study identified one immunomodulatory mechanism that allows LAB to regulate allergic immune reactions and the potential of LAB from kimchi to modulate various immune reactions.
Audio podcast and procedural video use in anaesthesiology and intensive care: A nationwide survey of Swedish anaesthetists
Authors: Bjurström Martin F. , Borgquist Ola , Kander Thomas , Lundén Robin , Fagerlund Malin J. , Lipcsey Miklós , Sturesson Louise W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDigital modalities which enable asynchronous learning, such as audio podcasts and videos demonstrating procedures, may benefit acquisition and retention of knowledge and clinical skills. The main objective of this nationwide cross‐sectional survey study was to evaluate key aspects and factors related to usage of audio podcasts and procedural videos in anaesthesiology and intensive care.MethodsA 20‐item multiple‐choice‐question online survey was created through a consensus process including pilot testing among residents and consultants. Data were collected over a 3‐month period, September–November 2023.ResultsThe survey was completed by 466 anaesthetists. More than a third reported using procedural videos ≥1 time per week, whereas fewer than one in four participants used audio podcasts at least once per week. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that working at a university hospital, male sex, and younger age were independently associated with podcast use ≥1 time per week, with the highest odds ratio (OR) for younger age (<40 years vs. ≥40 years old; OR 5.86 (95% confidence interval 3.55–9.67), p < .001). Younger age was also significantly associated with higher frequency of video use (OR 1.71 (1.13–2.58), p = .011), while working predominantly in intensive care was associated with a lower frequency of video use. Podcasts were often used during commuting (42.3%), household work (30.7%), and exercise (24.9%), indicating a role in multi‐tasking. Approximately half of respondents expressed that audio podcast‐based learning has a moderate to very large positive impact on acquisition of theoretical knowledge, as well as practical skills. A vast majority, 85.2%, reported that procedural videos have a moderate to very large impact on development of clinical skills.ConclusionAudio podcasts and procedural videos are appreciated tools with potential to supplement more traditional didactic techniques in anaesthesiology and intensive care. Procedural video use is common, with perceived large effects on development of clinical skills. Further data are needed to fully understand learning outcomes, quality of peer‐review processes, and potential sex‐differences.
Decentralized credit scoring: Black box 3.0
Authors: Packin Nizan Geslevich , Lev‐Aretz Yafit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMuch like traditional credit scoring, decentralized credit scoring calculates a borrower's creditworthiness, but the fully automated process is executed on the blockchain by Decentralized Finance (DeFi) platforms. Originally, DeFi emerged as an alternative to the centralized traditional finance (TradFi) system; however, decentralized credit scoring combines DeFi data and traditional data that include a wide range of information sources, from traditional credit reports to social media information. Despite their fairness‐oriented narrative, an examination of the business models of the protocols and entities operating in this space reveals that these hybrid scores are subject to the same algorithmic distortions that have been observed in traditional and alternative credit scoring models. Moreover, decentralized credit scores present their own distinctive set of fairness issues. Particularly, both upgrade to smart contracts and their reliance on external algorithms, known as oracles, which feed outside data, introduce heightened potential for error and bias in the credit scoring process. These “black box 3.0” issues can result in opaque automation of biased processes and perpetuate social injustices, requiring regulatory intervention to strengthen the linkage points between DeFi and TradFi and better protect consumers from the black box 3.0 consequences of decentralized credit scores.
Provider–patient relationships and trauma among pregnant patients with opioid‐use disorder
Authors: Doernberg Molly , Gilstad‐Hayden Kathryn , Yonkers Kimberly A. , Forray Ariadna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe provider–patient relationship is integral to medical practice and health outcomes, particularly among vulnerable patient populations. This study compared the provider–patient relationship among pregnant patients with opioid‐use disorder (OUD), who did or did not have a history of moderate to severe trauma.MethodsThis was an exploratory data analysis of 119 patients enrolled in the Support Models for Addiction Related Treatment trial. Probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was determined by a score ≥ 31 on the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. The provider–patient relationship was assessed at 26 ± 4 weeks of pregnancy using the Kim Alliance Scale (KAS). Multivariable regression was used to examine the association of KAS with probable PTSD among pregnant people with OUD.ResultsThe mean KAS score for pregnant participants without probable PTSD (N = 88) was 61.4 (SD ± 2.8) and for pregnant participants with probable PTSD (N = 31) was 59.6 (SD ± 3.7). Results demonstrated significant differences in KAS scores between those with and without probable PTSD after adjusting for demographic variables. Adjusted mean total KAS scores and scores on Empowerment and Communication subscales were significantly lower among those with probable PTSD compared to those without (p = .04 and 0.02, respectively) but did not differ significantly on Collaboration and Integration subscales.Conclusions and scientific significanceAnalyses show an association between probable PTSD and provider–patient relationship among pregnant patients with OUD, with those with probable PTSD having a worse alliance with obstetric providers. This novel finding helps characterize the provider–patient relationship among a uniquely vulnerable population and can inform efforts to integrate trauma‐informed practices into prenatal care.
Infrastructure of Vulnerability, or, How the Fraser Valley Flooded Twice
Authors: Gandolfo‐Lucia Nicholas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn November and December of 2021, the Fraser Valley in southwest British Columbia suffered extreme flooding due to an atmospheric river. Although the event was attributed to climate change, I suggest that the recent floods must be understood through the historical geography of flood control infrastructure in the valley, particularly dikes. In this article, I trace the development of these infrastructures from the beginning of colonisation to the completion of the first state‐managed diking system in the early 20th century. I argue that at the same time as dikes secured land for settler farmers, they exposed Indigenous peoples to new hazards—ironically including floods—and multiplied the damage of future flood events. Building on geographic literature demonstrating the participation of dike infrastructure in racialised capital accumulation and settler colonialism, I highlight the way that dikes have abetted these projects through the uneven spatial production of vulnerability.
Efficacy and safety of combined UV‐light corneal crosslinking and fine‐needle diathermy to regress pathological murine corneal (lymph)angiogenesis in vivo
Authors: Hou Yanhong , Zhang Wei , Le Viet Nhat Hung , Deng Shuya , Hadrian Karina , Mestanoglu Mert , Musial Gwen , Bock Felix , Cursiefen Claus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare safety and efficacy of isolated and combined UV‐light corneal crosslinking (CXL) and fine‐needle diathermy (FND) to regress pathological corneal vessels in vivo.MethodsMice with inflamed and pathologically vascularized corneas received CXL or FND as monotherapy or a combination of both treatments. Corneal pathological blood and lymphatic vessels, immune cells and the morphology of anterior segment structures were evaluated.ResultsAll three approaches were able to regress blood and lymphatic vessels in mice. A comparative analysis of the three methods revealed that the FND monotherapy and the CXL + FND combination were significantly more effective than the CXL monotherapy, one and 2 weeks after therapy and especially in regressing lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, the combination therapy induced significantly less immune cell recruitment compared to the monotherapies. All three methods were safe to use in regards of corneal integrity.ConclusionsA combination of FND and CXL led to regression of pathological corneal lymphatic and blood vessels and reduced the infiltration of immune cells into inflamed murine corneas. This approach offers a new effective, safe and clinically usable strategy to treat eyes with mature pathological blood vessels and even more so for lymphatic vessels, for example prior to high‐risk corneal transplantation.
Preclinical testing of CT1113, a novel USP28 inhibitor, for the treatment of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Xu Jieyu , Peng Jin , Sun Shu , Wang Donghai , Yuan Wei , Yang Xueying , Shi Ting , Wang Rong , Liu Hudan , Zhang Pumin , Zhu Hong‐Hu 
Published: April 2024

SummaryT‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy with poor prognosis in adult patients. Aberrant activation of the NOTCH1 signalling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of over 60% of T‐ALL cases. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 28 (USP28) is a deubiquitinase known to regulate the stability of NOTCH1. Here, we report that genetic depletion of USP28 or using CT1113, a potent small molecule targeting USP28, can strongly destabilize NOTCH1 and inhibit the growth of T‐ALL cells. Moreover, we show that USP28 also regulates the stability of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), which has been reported to mediate increased lipogenesis in tumour cells. As the most critical transcription factor involved in regulating lipogenesis, SREBP1 plays an important role in the metabolism of T‐ALL. Therefore, USP28 may be a potential therapeutic target, and CT1113 may be a promising novel drug for T‐ALL with or without mutant NOTCH1.
‘So the child feels loved’: Mothers with learning disabilities' experiences of attachment and emotional relationships with their children
Authors: Hevesi Rowan , Theodore Kate 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMothers with learning disabilities are at higher risk of child removal and mental health difficulties and may face more barriers to developing attachment relationships with their children. Mothers with learning disabilities' voices are still underrepresented in research, with less known about those who are actively parenting their children. This study aimed to explore mothers' perceptions of developing emotional relationships with their children.MethodsMothers with learning disabilities who were actively parenting were recruited via advocacy groups across the United Kingdom. Semi‐structured interviews with 10 mothers who self‐identified as having learning disabilities were analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsThree key themes were generated: (1) Understanding and Facilitating Attachment Relationships, (2) Barriers to the Attachment Relationship and (3) Bidirectional Nature of Relationships: Child Needs Mother, Mother Needs Child. Overarching experiences of powerlessness, autonomy and resilience were prominent across mothers' experiences.ConclusionsMothers acknowledged the importance of close emotional relationships with their children. Subthemes highlighted that mothers recognised the importance of behaviours that mirrored attachment theory, including reciprocity and proximity seeking. Mother–child relationships faced varying challenges including separation and conflict between the mother's and the child's needs. Findings indicate the need to support mothers through a trauma‐informed attachment perspective, especially in the context of maternal mental health needs and where children may also have additional needs.
Sedimentary Record of the middle Cretaceous uplift across the Gangdese magmatic arc system in Southern Tibet
Authors: Hao Mingang , Malkowski Matthew A. , Zhu Dicheng , Dai Jingen , Wang Chengshan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSedimentary basins adjacent to subduction‐related continental arcs provide important archives for deciphering the intricate history of convergent plate margins. The east‐west trending Gangdese magmatic arc was one of the most predominant topographic features located at the southern margin of Tibet before the arrival of the Indian plate. However, the detailed Cretaceous growth and evolution across the arc system remains ambiguous. Stratigraphy of the adjacent Xigaze forearc basin provides a well‐preserved and well‐exposed record of the tectonic and magmatic evolution of the arc throughout the Cretaceous period. We report new stratigraphic, sedimentological, geochronological, and provenance analyses of the Quarry Ridge sandstone in the Xigaze forearc basin along with compiled zircon U‐Pb ages (n = 9674) and Lu‐Hf isotopic signatures (n = 3389) from the Gangdese arc, the Xigaze forearc basin, and the Linzhou retroarc foreland basin to reconstruct the Early to middle Cretaceous magmatism and uplift of the Gangdese arc and concurrent sedimentary responses within both basins. Exhumation of the arc initiates at around 113 Ma suggested by arc detritus first arriving in both basins. Another episode of inferred uplift occurs at around 108 Ma, which resulted in coarse‐grained sedimentation in adjacent basins, preventing Central Lhasa detritus from reaching the Xigaze forearc basin further south and a facies and provenance change within the Linzhou basin. Finally, a third episode at around 101 Ma is reflected by deposition of the progradational Quarry Ridge clastic succession and marks the initiation of a substantial coarse‐grained depositional stage in the Xigaze forearc basin. Our study emphasizes the connection between coarse‐grained deposition in the forearc basin and arc magmatism and uplift. This study also provides an orogen‐scale assessment of the history of arc magmatism, uplift, and sedimentation across the Gangdese magmatic arc system, which supports interpretations that Tibet was already characterized by complex and substantial topographic relief during the Cretaceous before the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates.
MEN1 deficiency stabilizes PD‐L1 and promotes tumor immune evasion of lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Cuncun , Sun Ningning , Fei Qingze , Peng Linlin , Wei Chengyu , Liu Xiangyu , Miao Sainan , Chai Mengqi , Wang Fang , Wang Di , Hong Jingfang , Huang Shenghai , Zhang Shihao , Qiu Huan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 gene (MEN1), which is known to be a tumor suppressor gene in lung tissues, encodes a 610 amino acid protein menin. Previous research has proven that MEN1 deficiency promotes the malignant progression of lung cancer. However, the biological role of this gene in the immune microenvironment of lung cancer remains unclear. In this study, we found that programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is upregulated in lung‐specific KrasG12D mutation‐induced lung adenocarcinoma in mice, after Men1 deficiency. Simultaneously, CD8+ and CD3+ T cells are depleted, and their cytotoxic effects are suppressed. In vitro, PD‐L1 is inhibited by the overexpression of menin. Mechanistically, we found that MEN1 inactivation promotes the deubiquitinating activity of COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5) and subsequently increases the level of PD‐L1.
Recombinant hirudin suppresses angiogenesis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma through regulation of the PAR‐1‐VEGF
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Li Zihui , Zhang Haixi , Qin Tao , Zhao Juan , Pei Qiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHirudin is one of the specific inhibitors of thrombin, which has been confirmed to have strong bioactivities, including inhibiting tumors. However, the function and mechanism of hirudin and protease‐activated receptor 1 (PAR‐1) in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have not been clear. Detecting the expression PAR‐1 in DLBCL tissues and cells by RT‐qPCR and IHC. Transfected sh‐NC, sh‐PAR‐1, or pcDNA3.1‐PAR‐1 in DLBCL cells or processed DLBCL cells through added thrombin, Vorapaxar, Recombinant hirudin (RH), or Na2S2O4 and co‐culture with EA.hy926. And built DLBCL mice observed tumor growth. Detecting the expression of related genes by RT‐qPCR, Western blot, IHC, and immunofluorescence, measured the cellular hypoxia with Hypoxyprobe‐1 Kit, and estimated the cell inflammatory factors, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis by ELISA, CCK‐8, flow cytometry, wound‐healing and Transwell. Co‐immunoprecipitation and pull‐down measurement were used to verify the relationship. PAR‐1 was highly expressed in DLBCL tissues and cells, especially in SUDHL2. Na2S2O4 induced SUDHL2 hypoxia, and PAR‐1 did not influence thrombin‐activated hypoxia. PAR‐1 could promote SUDHL2 proliferation, migration, and invasion, and it was unrelated to cellular hypoxia. PAR‐1 promoted proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of EA.hy926 or SUDHL2 through up‐regulation vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RH inhibited tumor growth, cell proliferation, and migration, promoted apoptosis of DLBCL, and inhibited angiogenesis by down‐regulating PAR‐1‐VEGF. RH inhibits proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of DLBCL cells by down‐regulating PAR‐1‐VEGF.
Neural Garment Dynamics via Manifold‐Aware Transformers
Authors: Li Peizhuo , Wang Tuanfeng Y. , Kesdogan Timur Levent , Ceylan Duygu , Sorkine‐Hornung Olga 
Published: April 2024

AbstractData driven and learning based solutions for modeling dynamic garments have significantly advanced, especially in the context of digital humans. However, existing approaches often focus on modeling garments with respect to a fixed parametric human body model and are limited to garment geometries that were seen during training. In this work, we take a different approach and model the dynamics of a garment by exploiting its local interactions with the underlying human body. Specifically, as the body moves, we detect local garment‐body collisions, which drive the deformation of the garment. At the core of our approach is a mesh‐agnostic garment representation and a manifold‐aware transformer network design, which together enable our method to generalize to unseen garment and body geometries. We evaluate our approach on a wide variety of garment types and motion sequences and provide competitive qualitative and quantitative results with respect to the state of the art.