bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Online Banking Fraud Detection Model by Unsupervised Learning Fusion
Authors: Abbassi Hanae , El Mendili Saida , Gahi Youssef 
Published: April 2024

Digital trades and payments are becoming increasingly popular, as they typically entail monetary transactions. This not only makes electronic transactions more convenient for the end customer, but it also raises the likelihood of fraud. An adequate fraud detection system with a cutting-edge model is critical to minimizing fraud costs. Identifying fraud at the ideal time entails establishing and setting up ubiquitous systems to consume and analyze massive amounts of streaming data. Recent advances in data analytics methods and introducing open-source technology for big data storage and processing opened new options for detecting fraud. This study aims to tackle this critical issue by providing a newly real-time e-transaction fraud detection schema that consolidates the advantages of both unsupervised learners, including autoencoder and extended isolation forests, with cutting-edge big data gadgets such as Spark streaming and sparkling water. It addresses the shortage of non-fraudulent instances and handles the excessive dimension of the set of features. On two real-world transactional datasets, we assess our suggested technique. Compared with other current fraud identification systems, our methodology delivers an elevated accuracy yield of 99%. Furthermore, it outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in reliably identifying fraudulent samples. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-01-014 Full Text: PDF
Temas de Direito Contemporâneo - Volume 7
Authors: Moraes Alan Jeffeson Lima de , Silva Amanda dos Santos da , Neri Natália de Andrade Fernandes , Silveira Suelma Dias 
Published: April 2024

Este livro reúne as pesquisas feitas pelos acadêmicos do Curso de Direito da Faculdade Anhanguera de São Luís/MA. Trata-se do primeiro passo rumo a uma longa trajetória de incentivo à produção científica dos alunos do curso, oportunizando a publicação dos Trabalhos de Conclusão do Curso em uma edição rica de temas variados na área do Direito.
Submission to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights During its Promotional visit to Canada
Authors: Campbell-Duruflé Christopher 
Published: April 2024

<p>Canada’s system to incorporate international law into its domestic law has been the object of a long line of criticism. Your visit and the IACHR’s ongoing engagement with Canada provide a momentous opportunity to call for 1) stronger engagement with and 2) more effective implementation of the human rights instruments of the Inter-American system. I discuss both issues in turn and provide some final thoughts by way of conclusion.</p>
<p><em><strong>December 14th, 2023 </strong></em></p>
The New Media, an Ironic Reality as a Review of Social Consciousness in Nigerian Movies: A Case Study of Femi Adebayo’s Jagunjagun
Authors: Afolabi Amos Adelekan  , Taiwo Adekemi Agnes  
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the new media as a set to make viral or bring to the knowledge of what is happening in our society within a short period of time. This paper uncovers the hidden biases and brings out the ironic reality or awakens the social consciousness of the people through the movie Jagunjagun produced by Femi Adebayo. In achieving this, the paper adopted social contructionism theory to critically analyse the movie. However, the qualitative research method through a content analysis of Femi Adebayo’s movie Jagunjagun is used with the objectives of analyzing the effectiveness of the new media to uncover the hidden biases in the movie and at the same time, awakens the social consciousness of the people living in the same society. Consequently, it is discovered that the movie (Jagunjagun) is full of ironic reality of the Nigerian social political milieu.
Revealing molecular and cellular heterogeneity in hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis through single-cell RNA and TCR/BCR sequencing
Authors: Tie Cheng-Wei , Zhu Ji-Qing , Yu Zhan , Dou Li-Zhou , Wang Mei-Ling , Wang Gui-Qi , Ni Xiao-Guang 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionHypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is one of the malignant tumors with the worst prognosis in head and neck cancers. The transformation from normal tissue through low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to cancerous tissue in HSCC is typically viewed as a progressive pathological sequence typical of tumorigenesis. Nonetheless, the alterations in diverse cell clusters within the tissue microenvironment (TME) throughout tumorigenesis and their impact on the development of HSCC are yet to be fully understood.MethodsWe employed single-cell RNA sequencing and TCR/BCR sequencing to sequence 60,854 cells from nine tissue samples representing different stages during the progression of HSCC. This allowed us to construct dynamic transcriptomic maps of cells in diverse TME across various disease stages, and experimentally validated the key molecules within it.ResultsWe delineated the heterogeneity among tumor cells, immune cells (including T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells), and stromal cells (such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells) during the tumorigenesis of HSCC. We uncovered the alterations in function and state of distinct cell clusters at different stages of tumor development and identified specific clusters closely associated with the tumorigenesis of HSCC. Consequently, we discovered molecules like MAGEA3 and MMP3, pivotal for the diagnosis and treatment of HSCC.DiscussionOur research sheds light on the dynamic alterations within the TME during the tumorigenesis of HSCC, which will help to understand its mechanism of canceration, identify early diagnostic markers, and discover new therapeutic targets.
The two-directional prospective association between inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on longitudinal studies
Authors: Zong Jiahao , Yang Yue , Wang Hui , Zhang Huipeng , Yang Xiaorong , Yang Xiaoyun 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivePrevious studies reported possible connections between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and several neurodegenerative disorders. However, the comprehensive relationships between IBD and various neurodegenerative disorders were not summarized. We executed a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to provide an estimate of the strength of the two-directional prospective association between IBD and neurodegenerative disorders.MethodsWe accomplished a thorough bibliographic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases until June 2023 to locate relevant longitudinal studies. The extracted data were then analyzed via meta-analysis using either a fixed or random effects model.ResultsThe final analysis encompassed 27 studies. Individuals with IBD faced an increased risk of developing four neurodegenerative disorders than the general public, namely, Alzheimer’s disease (hazard ratio[HR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.77, P=0.031), dementia (HR =1.24, 95% CI: 1.13–1.36, P&lt;0.001), multiple sclerosis (HR =2.07, 95% CI:1.42–3.02, P&lt;0.001) and Parkinson’s disease (HR =1.23, 95% CI:1.10–1.38, P&lt;0.001). Two articles reported an increased incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or multiple system atrophy in IBD patients. Three studies investigated the prospective association between multiple sclerosis and IBD, revealing an elevated risk of the latter in patients with the former. (HR=1.87, 95% CI:1.66–2.10, P&lt;0.001).InterpretationThese findings verified the two-directional relationship between the brain-gut axis, specifically demonstrating a heightened risk of various neurodegenerative diseases among IBD patients. It may be profitable to prepare screening strategies for IBD patients to find neurodegenerative diseases during the long-term course of treatment for IBD with a view to potential earlier diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, reducing public health and social burden.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42023437553).
Autonomous thermal tracking reveals spatiotemporal patterns of seabird activity relevant to interactions with floating offshore wind facilities
Authors: Schneider Stephanie R. , Kramer Sharon H. , Bernstein Sophie B. , Terrill Scott B. , Ainley David G. , Matzner Shari 
Published: April 2024

Planning is underway for placement of infrastructure needed to begin offshore wind (OSW) energy generation along the West Coast of the United States and elsewhere in the Pacific Ocean. In contrast to the primarily nearshore windfarms currently in the North Atlantic, the seabird communities inhabiting Pacific Wind Energy Areas (WEAs) include significant populations of species that fly by dynamic soaring, a behavior dependent on wind and in which flight height increases steeply with wind speed. Therefore, a more precise and detailed assessment of their 3D airspace use is needed to better understand the potential collision risks that OSW turbines may present to these seabirds. Toward this end, a novel technology called the ThermalTracker-3D (TT3D), which uses thermal imaging and stereo vision, was developed to render high-resolution (on average within ±5 m) flight tracks and related behavior of seabirds. The technology was developed and deployed on a wind-profiling LiDAR buoy in the Humboldt WEA, located 34 to 57 km off California’s coast. During the at-sea deployment between 24 May and 13 August 2021, the TT3D successfully tracked birds moving between 10 and 500 m from the device, around the clock, and in all weather conditions; a total of 1407 detections and their corresponding 3D flight trajectories were recorded. Mean altitudes of detections ranged 6-295 m above sea level (asl). Considering the degree of overlap with anticipated rotor swept zones (RSZ), which extend 25-260 m asl, 79% of detected birds (per m3 of airspace) moved below the RSZ, 21% moved at heights overlapping the RSZ, and another 0.04% occurred at heights exceeding the RSZ. The high-resolution tracks provided valuable insight into seabird space use, especially at heights that make them vulnerable to collision during various environmental conditions (e.g., darkness, strong winds). Observations made by the TT3D will be useful in filling critical knowledge gaps related to estimating collision and avoidance between seabirds and OSW facilities in the Pacific and elsewhere. Future research will focus on enhancing the TT3D’s identification capabilities to the lowest taxon through validation studies and artificial intelligence, further contributing to seabird conservation efforts associated with OSW.
Reinforcement feedback impairs locomotor adaptation and retention
Authors: Hill Christopher M. , Sebastião Emerson , Barzi Leo , Wilson Matt , Wood Tyler 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionLocomotor adaptation is a motor learning process used to alter spatiotemporal elements of walking that are driven by prediction errors, a discrepancy between the expected and actual outcomes of our actions. Sensory and reward prediction errors are two different types of prediction errors that can facilitate locomotor adaptation. Reward and punishment feedback generate reward prediction errors but have demonstrated mixed effects on upper extremity motor learning, with punishment enhancing adaptation, and reward supporting motor memory. However, an in-depth behavioral analysis of these distinct forms of feedback is sparse in locomotor tasks.MethodsFor this study, three groups of healthy young adults were divided into distinct feedback groups [Supervised, Reward, Punishment] and performed a novel locomotor adaptation task where each participant adapted their knee flexion to 30 degrees greater than baseline, guided by visual supervised or reinforcement feedback (Adaptation). Participants were then asked to recall the new walking pattern without feedback (Retention) and after a washout period with feedback restored (Savings).ResultsWe found that all groups learned the adaptation task with external feedback. However, contrary to our initial hypothesis, enhancing sensory feedback with a visual representation of the knee angle (Supervised) accelerated the rate of learning and short-term retention in comparison to monetary reinforcement feedback. Reward and Punishment displayed similar rates of adaptation, short-term retention, and savings, suggesting both types of reinforcement feedback work similarly in locomotor adaptation. Moreover, all feedback enhanced the aftereffect of locomotor task indicating changes to implicit learning.DiscussionThese results demonstrate the multi-faceted nature of reinforcement feedback on locomotor adaptation and demonstrate the possible different neural substrates that underly reward and sensory prediction errors during different motor tasks.
Classification and transfer learning of sleep spindles based on convolutional neural networks
Authors: Liang Jun , Belkacem Abdelkader Nasreddine , Song Yanxin , Wang Jiaxin , Ai Zhiguo , Wang Xuanqi , Guo Jun , Fan Lingfeng , Wang Changming , Ji Bowen , Wang Zengguang 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundSleep plays a critical role in human physiological and psychological health, and electroencephalography (EEG), an effective sleep-monitoring method, is of great importance in revealing sleep characteristics and aiding the diagnosis of sleep disorders. Sleep spindles, which are a typical phenomenon in EEG, hold importance in sleep science.MethodsThis paper proposes a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify sleep spindles. Transfer learning is employed to apply the model trained on the sleep spindles of healthy subjects to those of subjects with insomnia for classification. To analyze the effect of transfer learning, we discuss the classification results of both partially and fully transferred convolutional layers.ResultsThe classification accuracy for the healthy and insomnia subjects’ spindles were 93.68% and 92.77%, respectively. During transfer learning, when transferring all convolutional layers, the classification accuracy for the insomnia subjects’ spindles was 91.41% and transferring only the first four convolutional layers achieved a classification result of 92.80%. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CNN model can effectively classify sleep spindles. Furthermore, the features learned from the data of the normal subjects can be effectively applied to the data for subjects with insomnia, yielding desirable outcomes.DiscussionThese outcomes underscore the efficacy of both the collected dataset and the proposed CNN model. The proposed model exhibits potential as a rapid and effective means to diagnose and treat sleep disorders, thereby improving the speed and quality of patient care.
Association between blood chromium and hepatic steatosis assessed by liver ultrasound transient elastography: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020
Authors: Xiang Yingying , Zhou Ruonan , Wang Ziwei , Xue Yingying , Cao Yue , Shen Lixuan , Zhu Ziwei , Xu Pingyuan , Zhou Guowei , Shang Wenbin 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundHepatic steatosis is a significant pathological feature of fatty liver disease (FLD) which is widely spread with no effective treatment available. Previous studies suggest that chromium (Cr) intake reduces lipid deposition in the liver in animals. However, the connection between blood Cr and hepatic steatosis among humans remains inconclusive.MethodsUsing the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020, we performed a cross-sectional analysis, including 4,926 participants. The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measured by the vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) was used to evaluate the degree of liver steatosis. Weighted univariate regression, multivariate linear regression, smooth fitting curves and subgroup analysis were used. In addition, we carried out trend tests, multiple interpolations, and interaction analyses to conduct sensitivity analyses.ResultsAfter adjusting with various covariables, multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between blood Cr and CAP [β (95% CI) = −5.62 (−11.02, −0.21)]. The negative correlation between blood Cr and CAP was more significant in the males, 50–59 years, overweight, hypercholesterolemia, HDL-C ≥ 65 mg/dL, HbA1c (5.70–6.10 %), HOMA-IR (0.12–2.76), total bilirubin (0.30–0.40 mg/dL), ever alcohol consumption subjects. Of note, the relationships between blood Cr and CAP followed a U-shaped curve in the smokers and non-smokers, with blood Cr thresholds of 0.48, 0.69 μg/L, respectively.ConclusionsThere is an independently negative correlation between blood Cr and hepatic steatosis in American. Our study provides clinical researchers with a new insight into the prospective prevention of hepatic steatosis.
Metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization reveals causal effects of betaine and N-acetylornithine on impairment of renal function
Authors: Liu Yuqing , Ling Lilu , Shen Yue , Bi Xiao 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common public health problem, which is characterized as impairment of renal function. The associations between blood metabolites and renal function remained unclear. This study aimed to assess the causal effect of various circulation metabolites on renal function based on metabolomics.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate the causality of genetically determined metabolites on renal function. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 486 metabolites was used as the exposure, while summary-level data for creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or CKD occurrence were set the outcomes. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used for primary causality analysis and other methods including weight median, MR-egger, and MR-PRESSO were applied as complementary analysis. Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test and leave-one-out analysis were used for sensitivity analysis. For the identified metabolites, reverse MR analysis, linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis were performed for further evaluation. The causality of the identified metabolites on renal function was further validated using GWAS data for cystatin-C-based eGFR. All statistical analyses were performed in R software.ResultsIn this MR analysis, a total of 44 suggestive associations corresponding to 34 known metabolites were observed. After complementary analysis and sensitivity analysis, robust causative associations between two metabolites (betaine and N-acetylornithine) and renal function were identified. Reverse MR analysis showed no causal effects of renal function on betaine and N-acetylornithine. MVMR analysis revealed that genetically predicted betaine and N-acetylornithine could directly influence independently of each other. The causal effects of betaine and N-acetylornithine were also found on cystatin-C-based eGFR.ConclusionOur study provided evidence to support the causal effects of betaine and N-acetylornithine on renal function. These findings required further investigations to conduct mechanism exploration and drug target selection of these identified metabolites.
The expression and role of the Lem-D proteins Ankle2, Emerin, Lemd2, and TMPO in triple-negative breast cancer cell growth
Authors: Rose Maddison , Burgess Joshua T. , Cheong Chee Man , Adams Mark N. , Shahrouzi Parastoo , O’Byrne Kenneth J. , Richard Derek J. , Bolderson Emma 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a sub-classification of breast carcinomas, which leads to poor survival outcomes for patients. TNBCs do not possess the hormone receptors that are frequently targeted as a therapeutic in other cancer subtypes and, therefore, chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for TNBC. Nuclear envelope proteins are frequently dysregulated in cancer cells, supporting their potential as novel cancer therapy targets. The Lem-domain (Lem-D) (LAP2, Emerin, MAN1 domain, and Lem-D) proteins are a family of inner nuclear membrane proteins, which share a ~45-residue Lem-D. The Lem-D proteins, including Ankle2, Lemd2, TMPO, and Emerin, have been shown to be associated with many of the hallmarks of cancer. This study aimed to define the association between the Lem-D proteins and TNBC and determine whether these proteins could be promising therapeutic targets.MethodsGENT2, TCGA, and KM plotter were utilized to investigate the expression and prognostic implications of several Lem-D proteins: Ankle2, TMPO, Emerin, and Lemd2 in publicly available breast cancer patient data. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescent analysis of immortalized non-cancerous breast cells and a panel of TNBC cells were utilized to establish whether protein expression of the Lem-D proteins was significantly altered in TNBC. SiRNA was used to decrease individual Lem-D protein expression, and functional assays, including proliferation assays and apoptosis assays, were conducted.ResultsThe Lem-D proteins were generally overexpressed in TNBC patient samples at the mRNA level and showed variable expression at the protein level in TNBC cell lysates. Similarly, protein levels were generally negatively correlated with patient survival outcomes. siRNA-mediated depletion of the individual Lem-D proteins in TNBC cells induced aberrant nuclear morphology, decreased proliferation, and induced cell death. However, minimal effects on nuclear morphology or cell viability were observed following Lem-D depletion in non-cancerous MCF10A cells.ConclusionThere is evidence to suggest that Ankle2, TMPO, Emerin, and Lemd2 expressions are correlated with breast cancer patient outcomes, but larger patient sample numbers are required to confirm this. siRNA-mediated depletion of these proteins was shown to specifically impair TNBC cell growth, suggesting that the Lem-D proteins may be a specific anti-cancer target.