bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of effect of chronic pre‐treatment with the FAAH inhibitor URB597 on inflammatory pain behaviour: evidence for plastic changes in the endocannabinoid system
Authors: Okine Bright N , Norris Leonie M , Woodhams Stephen , Burston James , Patel Annie , Alexander Stephen PH , Barrett David A , Kendall David A , Bennett Andrew J , Chapman Victoria 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Elevating levels of endocannabinoids with inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a major focus of pain research, purported to be a safer approach devoid of cannabinoid receptor‐mediated side effects. Here, we have determined the effects of sustained pharmacological inhibition of FAAH on inflammatory pain behaviour and if pharmacological inhibition of FAAH was as effective as genetic deletion of FAAH on pain behaviour.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of pre‐treatment with a single dose, versus 4 day repeated dosing with the selective FAAH inhibitor, URB597 (i.p. 0.3 mg·kg−1), on carrageenan‐induced inflammatory pain behaviour and spinal pro‐inflammatory gene induction were determined in rats. Effects of pain induction and of the drug treatments on levels of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA) and oleolyl ethanolamide (OEA) in the spinal cord were determined.KEY RESULTS Single, but not repeated, URB597 treatment significantly attenuated the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia (P < 0.001, vs. vehicle‐treated animals). Neither mode of URB597 treatment altered levels of AEA, PEA and OEA in the hind paw, or carrageenan‐induced paw oedema. Single URB597 treatment produced larger increases in AEA, PEA and OEA in the spinal cord, compared with those after repeated administration. Single and repeated URB597 treatment decreased levels of immunoreactive N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE‐PLD) in the spinal cord and attenuated carrageenan‐induced spinal pro‐inflammatory gene induction.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Changes in the endocannabinoid system may contribute to the loss of analgesic effects following repeated administration of low dose URB597 in this model of inflammatory pain.
In vitro effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, masitinib mesylate, on canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Lyles S. E. , Milner R. J. , Kow K. , Salute M. E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study evaluated the in vitro activity of masitinib mesylate against canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cell lines after treatment with increasing concentrations of masitinib mesylate (0.01–100 µM) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Results indicated that masitinib mesylate caused a dose‐ and time‐dependent decrease in HSA cell proliferation. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 72 h for three HSA cell lines (DEN, Fitz and SB) was found to be 8.56, 9.41 and 10.65 µM, respectively. Further investigation demonstrated that masitinib mesylate induced apoptosis in all HSA cell lines, including activation of caspase‐3/7. Measurement of VEGF levels in cell supernatant found a statistically significant increased VEGF in close proximity to the IC50 of each cell line followed by a decline back towards baseline. These findings indicate that masitinib mesylate causes dose‐dependent HSA cell death in vitro and supports future clinical trials of masitinib for canine HSA.
Photoreception in decapitated larvae of silkworm Bombyx mori
Authors: NOBATA Hiroyuki , OISHI Katsutaka , TAKEDA Makio , SAKAMOTO Katsuhiko 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTo investigate the photoreception that controls daily oscillations at the periphery in insects, we decapitated larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) by ligature, and observed rhythms in their peripheral tissues under several light conditions. We measured the mRNA expression of period (per) and timeless (tim), which are homologues of Drosophila clock genes that function in the core oscillator of the circadian clock system. The expression of both per and tim significantly changed in the midgut, Malpighian tubules and silk glands of decapitated larvae exposed to photophase and scotophase that were reversed from the original daily light–dark cycle under which the larvae were housed. Under constant darkness, the daily expression of tim mRNA persisted for at least one cycle in the midgut and silk gland. In addition, an appropriate light stimulus under constant darkness induced a significant phase shift in the endogenous timing system (probably a circadian clock) that determined peak levels of tim mRNA expression in the midgut and silk glands of decapitated larvae. Since light regulated the gene expression rhythm in peripheral tissues of decapitated silkworm larvae, neither the brain nor eyes were essential for photoreception to control daily oscillations in these tissues. Thus, peripheral tissues in insects might directly use light even at the larval stage.
Transarticular Facet Screw Stabilization and Dorsal Laminectomy in 26 Dogs with Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis with Instability
Authors: Hankin Elyshia J. , Jerram Richard M. , Walker Alexander M. , King Michael D. , Warman Christopher G. A. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveTo describe outcome after transarticular facet screw stabilization and dorsal laminectomy for treatment of dynamic degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLS) in 26 dogs.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 26) with dynamic DLS.MethodsMedical records (2004–2009) of dogs treated with transarticular facet screw stabilization and dorsal laminectomy were reviewed. Dogs (n = 26) were available for immediate postoperative follow‐up, 21 dogs at 6 weeks, and 15 at greater than 6 months. Dogs were evaluated by radiographic assessment and owner questionnaire. Lumbosacral (LS) intervertebral disc (IVD) spaces were measured on pre and postoperative 6‐week and 6‐month radiographs.ResultsIn 23 dogs, improvement in clinical signs occurred within 7 days of surgery. Overall postsurgical complication rate directly related to the surgical procedure was 15.4%. LS IVD space measurements taken immediately postoperatively, at 6 weeks, and ≥ 6 months were all significantly increased compared with preoperative measurements. All working dogs (4) returned to full work within 14 months. Most owners (85%) reported their dog was ambulating normally at 6 months with no perceptible lameness during normal activity. All owners perceived their dog's ability to walk, run, and jump after surgery to be improved.ConclusionsTransarticular facet screw stabilization and dorsal laminectomy maintains distraction of the LS IVD space for medium‐to‐large breed dogs with dynamic DLS with a high degree of owner satisfaction, and is comparable to other reported surgical techniques for DLS.
Influence of Bi2O3 Doping on Microstructure and Electrical Properties of ZnO–V2O5–MnO2–Nb2O5 Varistor Ceramics
Authors: Nahm Choon‐W. 
Published: May 2012

This article is a report on the effect of Bi2O3 addition on microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO–V2O5–MnO2–Nb2O5 varistor ceramics. The average grain size increased from 5.6 to 7.2 μm as the Bi2O3 amount increased. Increasing the amount of Bi2O3 decreased the breakdown field from 4874 to 2205 V/cm. The ceramics doped with 0.025 mol% Bi2O3 exhibited a surprisingly high nonlinear coefficient (α = 60) and very low leakage current density (JL = 20 μA/cm2). In addition, when the Bi2O3 amount increased, the donor concentration increased in the range of 2.38 × 1017−8.17 × 1017 cm−3 and the barrier height exhibited the highest value (1.12 eV) at 0.025 mol% Bi2O3.
Highly Transparent AlON Pressurelessly Sintered from Powder Synthesized by a Novel Carbothermal Nitridation Method
Authors: Jin Xihai , Gao Lian , Sun Jing , Liu Yangqiao , Gui Linhua 
Published: May 2012

Transparent AlON was pressurelessly sintered from powders synthesized by a two‐step carbothermal nitridation method, using core‐shell structured Al2O3/C mixture derived from the pyrolysis of an Al2O3/ureaformaldehyde‐resin nanocomposite precursor as the starting material. It was found that the amorphous carbon layer on the Al2O3 particle surface could strongly retard the coalescence and growth of Al2O3 particles during the carbothermal nitridation process. As a result, the formation temperature and particle size of the AlON powder were significantly reduced. The AlON powder synthesized showed a bimodal particle size distribution at 0.2 and 0.7 μm and was well dispersed; its maximum particle size was below 0.9 μm. Under the aid of proper sintering additive, transparent AlON ceramics with an average in‐line transmittance above 80% at visible to infrared range were obtained through pressureless sintering.
Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Involving the Anterior Condylar Canal
Authors: Cyril Chivot , Ofélia Marabotto , Hervé Deramond 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTDural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) of the anterior condylar canal is a rare subgroup of posterior fossa DAVF. Successful treatment of this DAVF requires an accurate image diagnosis and the knowledge of the anatomy of the anterior condylar confluent. We present the imaging features of angiography and MR angiography of a 54‐year‐old man, who presented progressive right synchronous tinnitus due to a DAVF of the anterior condylar confluent, successfully treated by transvenous embolization.
In vivo Detection of Cortical Microinfarcts on Ultrahigh‐Field MRI
Authors: Ii Yuichiro , Maeda Masayuki , Kida Hirotaka , Matsuo Ko , Shindo Akihiro , Taniguchi Akira , Tomimoto Hidekazu 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSECortical microinfarcts (CMIs) are detected as small foci restricted to the cerebral cortex in autopsy brains. CMIs are thought to be caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in the elderly and may be a risk for dementia. We aimed to visualize CMIs, which remain invisible on conventional MRI, using double inversion recovery (DIR) and 3‐dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery (3D‐FLAIR) on 3‐Tesla MRI.METHODSWe prospectively performed DIR and 3D‐FLAIR images in 70 subjects with Alzheimer disease (AD; n = 47), mild cognitive impairment (n = 14), AD with cerebrovascular disease (CVD; n = 3), vascular dementia (VaD; n = 2), CAA‐associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH; n = 2) and one each of normal pressure hydrocephalus and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) was performed to detect cerebral microbleeds (CMBs).RESULTSNine subjects (five of AD and one each of AD with CVD, ICH, VaD, and DLB) had small intracortical high signal lesions on both DIR and 3D‐FLAIR images. All the nine subjects accompanied multiple lobar CMBs. These intracortical lesions were located in close proximity to CMBs, and were suggested to be CMIs.CONCLUSIONSDIR and 3D‐FLAIR images may open a way to visualize CMIs.
Cerebral Microbleeds After Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children
Authors: Liebeskind David S. , Sanossian Nerses , Sapo Monica L. , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTCerebral microbleeds (CMB) on gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are rarely seen in children, yet have been described following vascular procedures in adults. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been associated with vascular injury and neurological events in children, but there have been no reports to date of GRE MRI findings in children treated with ECMO. We reviewed MRI scans for all vascular neurology consultations in children treated with ECMO at an academic medical center over a 5‐year period. In 6 of 12 cases, GRE was acquired as others were unstable or had contraindications to MRI. All 6 of 6 (100%) GRE cases (mean age 2.1 years, 7 female, 5 male) demonstrated CMB. CMB were multiple (>3 lesions), situated in cortical or lobar regions, with a striking predominance (5/6 cases) for the right carotid distribution. Other than CMB, no cases demonstrated intracranial hemorrhage. CMB may be noted on GRE MRI after ECMO and may reflect vascular damage from gaseous emboli.
Er:YAG laser in the treatment of periodontal sites with recurring chronic inflammation: a 12‐month randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Krohn‐Dale Ivar , Bøe Olav E. , Enersen Morten , Leknes Knut N. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimThe objective of this randomized, controlled clinical trial was to compare the clinical and microbiological effects of pocket debridement using erbium‐doped: yttrium, aluminium and garnet (Er:YAG) laser with conventional debridement in maintenance patients.Material & MethodsFifteen patients, all smokers, having at least four teeth with residual probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm were recruited. Two pockets in two jaw quadrants were randomly assigned to subgingival debridement using an Er:YAG laser (test) or ultrasonic scaler/curette (control) at 3‐month intervals. Relative attachment level (RAL), PD, bleeding on probing and dental plaque were recorded at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Microbiological subgingival samples were taken at the same time points and analysed using a checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization technique.ResultsA significant decrease in PD took place in both treatments from baseline to 12 months (p < 0.01). In the control, the mean initial PD decreased from 5.4 to 4.0 mm at 12 months. For the test, a similar decrease occurred. No significant between‐treatment differences were shown at any time point. The mean RAL showed no overall significant inter‐ or intra‐treatment differences (p > 0.05). No significant between‐treatment differences were observed in subgingival microbiological composition or total pathogens.ConclusionThe results failed to support that an Er:YAG laser may be superior to conventional debridement in the treatment of smokers with recurring chronic inflammation. This appears to be the first time that repeated Er‐YAG laser instrumentation has been compared with mechanical instrumentation of periodontal sites with recurring chronic inflammation over a clinically relevant time period.
Salivary proteome modifications associated with periodontitis in obese patients
Authors: Rangé Hélène , Léger Thibaut , Huchon Clarisse , Ciangura Cécile , Diallo Devy , Poitou Christine , Meilhac Olivier , Bouchard Philippe , Chaussain Catherine 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimTo identify changes in the salivary protein/peptide profiles by differential proteomics in obese patients with or without periodontitis.Material and MethodsPeriodontal examinations and whole saliva samples were obtained from 38 obese patients (mean age: 45.1 ± 7.3 years, mean BMI: 49.3 ± 9 kg/m2) including 13 periodontitis and 25 non‐periodontitis subjects, and 19 healthy controls (mean age: 44.2 ± 6.4 years, mean BMI: 21.5 ± 2.1 kg/m2). Surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (SELDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was used to compare the whole saliva polypeptide profiles.ResultsThe SELDI‐TOF‐MS analysis detected eight putative markers. Six of them were increased and identified in obese subjects versus controls (albumin, α and β haemoglobin chains, α‐defensins 1, 2 and 3). Alpha‐defensins were less abundant in saliva of periodontitis obese patients (36.47 ± 19.84 μA) versus non‐periodontitis obese patients (43.44 ± 30.34 μA), whereas α‐defensins were more abundant in obese patients (40.99 ± 26.66 μA) versus controls (27.1 ± 23.98 μA).ConclusionsPeriodontal status modifies the salivary proteome in obese patients. Alpha‐defensins may play a role in gingival inflammation, and be involved in the higher susceptibility of obese patients to periodontal diseases.
Probiotic effects of orally administered Lactobacillus reuteri‐containing tablets on the subgingival and salivary microbiota in patients with gingivitis. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Iniesta Margarita , Herrera David , Montero Eduardo , Zurbriggen Milena , Matos Ana R. , Marín María J. , Sánchez‐Beltrán Mari C. , Llama‐Palacio Arancha , Sanz Mariano 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of an orally administered probiotic on the oral microbiota.MethodsA placebo‐controlled, parallel study was conducted in 40 gingivitis subjects during 8 weeks. Treatment consisted on the administration of a daily tablet, either containing Lactobacillus reuteri or placebo. Unstimulated saliva and subgingival samples were collected and analysed by culture and PCR. Clinical and microbiological outcome variables were compared between and within groups.ResultsThere were no significant changes between and within the groups in the clinical variables. In saliva, total anaerobic counts after 4 weeks (p = 0.021) and counts of Prevotella intermedia after 8 weeks (p = 0.030), showed reductions in the test group. In subgingival samples, significant reductions in the changes baseline to 4 weeks were observed for P. gingivalis counts (p = 0.008). With PCR, L. reuteri ATCC‐PTA‐5289 was more frequently detected than L. reuteri DSM‐17938.ConclusionsThe effect of L. reuteri administered in tablets resulted in a reduction in the number of selected periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota, without an associated clinical impact.
Treatment planning in dentistry using an electronic health record: implications for undergraduate education
Authors: Tokede O. , Walji M. , Ramoni R. , White J. M. , Schoonheim‐Klein M. , Kimmes N. S. , Vaderhobli R. , Stark P. C. , Patel V. L. , Kalenderian E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTreatment planning, an essential component of clinical practice, has received little attention in the dental literature and there appears to be no consistent format being followed in the teaching and development of treatment plans within dental school curricula. No investigation, to our knowledge, has been carried out to explore the subject of treatment planning since the advent of electronic health record (EHR) use in dentistry. It is therefore important to examine the topic of treatment planning in the context of EHRs.MethodsThis paper reports on how 25 predoctoral dental students from two U.S. schools performed when asked to complete diagnosis and treatment planning exercises for two clinical scenarios in an EHR. Three calibrated clinical teaching faculty scored diagnosis entry, diagnosis‐treatment (procedure) pairing, and sequencing of treatment according to criteria taught in their curriculum. Scores were then converted to percent correct and reported as means (with standard deviations).ResultsOverall, the participants earned 48.2% of the possible points. Participants at School 2 earned a mean of 54.3% compared with participants at School 1, who earned 41.9%. Students fared better selecting the appropriate treatment (59.8%) compared with choosing the correct diagnoses (41.9%) but performed least favorably when organizing the sequence of their treatment plans (41.7%).ConclusionOur results highlight the need to improve the current process by which treatment planning is taught and also to consider the impact of technology on the fundamental skills of diagnosis and treatment planning within the modern educational setting.
Identification and validation of reference genes for expression studies in human keratinocyte cell lines treated with and without interferon‐γ – a method for qRT‐PCR reference gene determination
Authors: Riemer Angelika B. , Keskin Derin B. , Reinherz Ellis L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBased on the exquisite sensitivity, reproducibility and wide dynamic range of quantitative reverse‐transcription real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), it is currently the gold standard for gene expression studies. Target gene expression is calculated relative to a stably expressed reference gene. An ideal reference should be uniformly expressed during all experimental conditions within the given experimental system. However, no commonly applicable ‘best’ reference gene has been identified. Thus, endogenous controls must be determined for every experimental system. As no appropriate reference genes have been reported for immunological studies in keratinocytes, we aimed at identifying and validating a set of endogenous controls for these settings. An extensive validation of sixteen possible endogenous controls in a panel of 8 normal and transformed keratinocyte cell lines in experimental conditions with and without interferon‐γ was performed. RNA and cDNA quality was stringently controlled. Candidate reference genes were assessed by TaqMan® qRT‐PCR. Two different statistical algorithms were used to determine the most stably and reproducibly expressed housekeeping genes. mRNA abundance was compared and reference genes with widely different ranges of expression than possible target genes were excluded. Subsequent geNorm and NormFinder analyses identified GAPDH, PGK1, IPO8 and PPIA as the most stably expressed genes in the keratinocyte panel under the given experimental conditions. We conclude that the geometric means of expression values of these four genes represents a robust normalization factor for qRT‐PCR analyses in interferon‐γ‐dependent gene expression studies in keratinocytes. The methodology and results herein may help other researchers by facilitating their choice of reference genes.
The antimicrobial peptide pheromone Plantaricin A increases antioxidant defenses of human keratinocytes and modulates the expression of filaggrin, involucrin, β‐defensin 2 and tumor necrosis factor‐α genes
Authors: Marzani Barbara , Pinto Daniela , Minervini Fabio , Calasso Maria , Di Cagno Raffaella , Giuliani Giammaria , Gobbetti Marco , De Angelis Maria 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPlantaricin A (PlnA) is a peptide with antimicrobial and pheromone activities. PlnA was synthesized chemically and used as a pure peptide or synthesized biologically using Lactobacillus plantarum DC400 co‐cultured with Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis DPPMA174. Cell‐free supernatant (CFS) was used as a crude PlnA preparation. As estimated using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and the 2’,7’–dichlorofluorescein diacetate assays, both PlnA preparations increased the antioxidant defenses of human NCTC 2544 keratinocytes. PlnA (10 μg/ml) had a higher activity than hyaluronic acid or 125 μg/ml α‐tocopherol. Effects on the transcriptional regulation of filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL), hyaluronan synthase (HAS2), human β‐defensin‐2 (HBD‐2) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) genes were assayed. Compared with the control, expression of the FLG gene in NCTC 2544 cells increased in cells treated with hyaluronic acid, 1 or 10 μg/ml PlnA. Compared with the control, the level of IVL gene expression increased in NCTC 2544 cells treated with 10 μg/ml PlnA. No significant difference was found between the level of the HAS2 gene expressed by control cells and cells treated with PlnA. Compared with chemically synthesized PlnA, the up‐regulation of the HBD‐2 gene by CFS was higher. Compared with the control, expression of TNF‐α decreased in NCTC 2544 cells after treatment with 1 or 10 μg/ml of chemically synthesized PlnA. In contrast, the level of TNF‐α was highest in the presence of 10 μg/ml CFS‐PlnA. These findings suggest that the PlnA was positively sensed by human keratinocytes, promoting antioxidant defenses, barrier functions and antimicrobial activity of the skin.