bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible Quaternary growth of a hidden anticline at the front of the Jura fold-and-thrust belt: geomorphological constraints from the Forêt de Chaux area, France
Authors: Molliex Stéphane , Fabbri Olivier , Bichet Vincent , Madritsch Herfried 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This study presents new constraints for Plio-Quaternary (post-2.4 Ma to present-day) anticline growth along the frontal zone of the Jura fold-and-thrust belt, in the Forêt de Chaux area, located 30 km SW of Besançon. The Forêt de Chaux area consists of a N080°E-elongated depression bordered by the Doubs and Loue rivers to the north and south respectively, and filled with Sundgau-type Pliocene alluvial deposits. The upper surface of the Pliocene deposits between the Loue and Doubs rivers is marked by a N065°E-trending ridge crossing the depression in a median position. A differential uplift along this ridge, post-dating the deposition of the gravels (2.4 Ma), is suggested by several geomorphological observations such as the opposite river migration on each side of the ridge as well as variations of drainage geometry and incision intensity. Geological and geophysical subsurface data indicate that the ridge roughly coincides with the axis of an anticline hidden beneath the Pliocene deposits. The observed uplift is presumably related to a post-2.4 Ma anticline growth. The fact that the azimuth of the hidden anticline axis is parallel to the strike of deep-seated Late Paleozoic basement faults and not to the local strike of the thin-skinned Jura structures indicates that the inferred post-Pliocene deformation could possibly be an expression of a recent thick-skinned deformation of the basement of the northern Alpine foreland. The focal depth (15 km) of the February 24th, 2004, Besançon earthquake supports the hypothesis of a basement fault reactivation.
Targeting Curcusomes to Inflammatory Dendritic Cells Inhibits NF-κB and Improves Insulin Resistance in Obese Mice
Authors: Yekollu Suman Kumar , Thomas Ranjeny , O’Sullivan Brendan 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVETo determine whether and by what mechanism systemic delivery of curcumin-containing liposomes improves insulin resistance in the leptin deficient (ob/ob) mouse model of insulin resistance.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSInsulin resistant ob/ob mice with steatosis were injected intraperitoneally with liposome nanoparticles, entrapping the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor curcumin (curcusomes), and uptake in liver and adipose tissue was determined by flow cytometry. The effects of curcusomes on macrophage NF-κB activation and cytokine production were assessed. Transfer experiments determined the role of hepatic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/inducible nitric oxide synthase-producing dendritic cells (Tip-DCs) and adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in inflammation-induced insulin resistance, determined by homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance.RESULTSPhagocytic myeloid cells infiltrating the liver in ob/ob mice had the phenotypic characteristics of Tip-DCs that arise from monocyte precursors in the liver and spleen after infection. Targeting Tip-DCs and ATMs with curcusomes in ob/ob mice reduced NF-κB/RelA DNA binding activity, reduced TNF, and enhanced interleukin-4 production. Curcusomes improved peripheral insulin resistance.CONCLUSIONSBoth hepatic Tip-DCs and ATMs contribute to insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. Curcusome nanoparticles inhibit proinflammatory pathways in hepatic Tip-DCs and ATMs and reverse insulin resistance. Targeting inflammatory DCs is a novel approach for type 2 diabetes treatment.
Hepatic Glucagon Action Is Essential for Exercise-Induced Reversal of Mouse Fatty Liver
Authors: Berglund Eric D. , Lustig Daniel G. , Baheza Richard A. , Hasenour Clinton M. , Lee-Young Robert S. , Donahue E. Patrick , Lynes Sara E. , Swift Larry L. , Charron Maureen J. , Damon Bruce M. , Wasserman David H. 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
Exercise is an effective intervention to treat fatty liver. However, the mechanism(s) that underlie exercise-induced reductions in fatty liver are unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that exercise requires hepatic glucagon action to reduce fatty liver.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) and assessed using magnetic resonance, biochemical, and histological techniques to establish a timeline for fatty liver development over 20 weeks. Glucagon receptor null (gcgr−/−) and wild-type (gcgr+/+) littermate mice were subsequently fed HFD to provoke moderate fatty liver and then performed either 10 or 6 weeks of running wheel or treadmill exercise, respectively.

RESULTS
Exercise reverses progression of HFD-induced fatty liver in gcgr+/+ mice. Remarkably, such changes are absent in gcgr−/− mice, thus confirming the hypothesis that exercise-stimulated hepatic glucagon receptor activation is critical to reduce HFD-induced fatty liver.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that therapies that use antagonism of hepatic glucagon action to reduce blood glucose may interfere with the ability of exercise and perhaps other interventions to positively affect fatty liver.
miR-146a–Mediated Extracellular Matrix Protein Production in Chronic Diabetes Complications
Authors: Feng Biao , Chen Shali , McArthur Kara , Wu Yuexiu , Sen Subhrojit , Ding Qingming , Feldman Ross D. , Chakrabarti Subrata 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
microRNAs (miRNAs), through transcriptional regulation, modulate several cellular processes. In diabetes, increased extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN) production is known to occur through histone acetylator p300. Here, we investigated the role of miR-146a, an FN-targeting miRNA, on FN production in diabetes and its relationship with p300.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
miR-146a expressions were measured in endothelial cells from large vessels and retinal microvessels in various glucose levels. FN messenger RNA expression and protein levels with or without miR-146a mimic or antagomir transfection were examined. A luciferase assay was performed to detect miR-146a’s binding to FN 3′–untranslated region (UTR). Likewise, retinas from type 1 diabetic rats were studied with or without an intravitreal injection of miR-146a mimic. In situ hybridization was used to localize retinal miR-146a. Cardiac and renal tissues were analyzed from type 1 and type 2 diabetic animals.

RESULTS
A total of 25 mmol/L glucose decreased miR-146a expression and increased FN expression compared with 5 mmol/L glucose in both cell types. miR-146a mimic transfection prevented such change, whereas miR-146a antagomir transfection in the cells in 5 mmol/L glucose caused FN upregulation. A luciferase assay confirmed miR-146a’s binding to FN 3′-UTR. miR-146a was localized in the retinal endothelial cells and was decreased in diabetes. Intravitreal miR-146a mimic injection restored retinal miR-146a and decreased FN in diabetes. Additional experiments showed that p300 regulates miR-146a. Similar changes were seen in the retinas, kidneys, and hearts in type 1 and type 2 diabetic animals.

CONCLUSIONS
These studies showed a novel, glucose-induced molecular mechanism in which miR-146a participates in the transcriptional circuitry regulating extracellular matrix protein production in diabetes.
Reversal of cerebral vasospasm via intravenous sodium nitrite after subarachnoid hemorrhage in primates
Authors: Fathi Ali Reza , Pluta Ryszard M. , Bakhtian Kamran D. , Qi Meng , Lonser Russell R. 
Published: September 2011

Object
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced vasospasm is a significant underlying cause of aneurysm rupture-related morbidity and death. While long-term intravenous infusion of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) can prevent cerebral vasospasm after SAH, it is not known if the intravenous administration of this compound can reverse established SAH-induced vasospasm. To determine if the intravenous infusion of NaNO2 can reverse established vasospasm, the authors infused primates with the compound after SAH-induced vasospasm was established.

Methods
Subarachnoid hemorrhage–induced vasospasm was created in 14 cynomolgus macaques via subarachnoid implantation of a 5-ml blood clot. On Day 7 after clot implantation, animals were randomized to either control (saline infusion, 5 monkeys) or treatment groups (intravenous NaNO2 infusion at 300 μg/kg/hr for 3 hours [7 monkeys] or 8 hours [2 monkeys]). Arteriographic vessel diameter was blindly analyzed to determine the degree of vasospasm before, during, and after treatment. Nitric oxide metabolites (nitrite, nitrate, and S-nitrosothiols) were measured in whole blood and CSF.

Results
Moderate-to-severe vasospasm was present in all animals before treatment (control, 36.2% ± 8.8% [mean ± SD]; treatment, 45.5% ± 12.5%; p = 0.9). While saline infusion did not reduce vasospasm, NaNO2 infusion significantly reduced the degree of vasospasm (26.9% ± 7.6%; p = 0.008). Reversal of the vasospasm lasted more than 2 hours after cessation of the infusion and could be maintained with a prolonged infusion. Nitrite (peak value, 3.7 ± 2.1 μmol/L), nitrate (18.2 ± 5.3 μmol/L), and S-nitrosothiols (33.4 ± 11.4 nmol/L) increased significantly in whole blood, and nitrite increased significantly in CSF.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that the intravenous infusion of NaNO2 can reverse SAH-induced vasospasm in primates. Further, these findings indicate that a similar treatment paradigm could be useful in reversing cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH.
Morbidity and mortality after spinal deformity surgery in patients 75 years and older: complications and predictive factors
Authors: Acosta Frank L. , McClendon Jamal , O'Shaughnessy Brian A. , Koller Heiko , Neal Chris J. , Meier Oliver , Ames Christopher P. , Koski Tyler R. , Ondra Stephen L. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectAs the population continues to age, relatively older geriatric patients will present more frequently with complex spinal deformities that may require surgical intervention. To the authors' knowledge, no study has analyzed factors predictive of complications after major spinal deformity surgery in the very elderly (75 years and older). The authors' objective was to determine the rate of minor and major complications and predictive factors in patients 75 years of age and older who underwent major spinal deformity surgery requiring a minimum 5-level arthrodesis procedure.MethodsTwenty-one patients who were 75 years of age or older and underwent thoracic and/or lumbar fixation and arthrodesis across 5 or more levels for spinal deformity were analyzed retrospectively. The medical and surgical records were reviewed in detail. Age, diagnosis, comorbidities, operative data, hospital data, major and minor complications, and deaths were recorded. Factors predictive of perioperative complications were identified by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe mean patient age was 77 years old (range 75–83 years). There were 14 women and 7 men. The mean follow-up was 41.2 months (range 24–81 months). Fifteen patients (71%) had at least 1 comorbidity. A mean of 10.5 levels were fused (range 5–15 levels). Thirteen patients (62%) had at least 1 perioperative complication, and 8 (38%) had at least one major complication for a total of 17 complications. There were no perioperative deaths. Increasing age was predictive of any perioperative complication (p = 0.03). However, major complications were not predicted by age or comorbidities as a whole. In a subset analysis of comorbidities, only hypertension was predictive of a major complication (OR 10, 95% CI 1.3–78; p = 0.02). Long-term postoperative complications occurred in 11 patients (52%), and revision fusion surgery was necessary in 3 (14%).ConclusionsPatients 75 years and older undergoing major spinal deformity surgery have an overall perioperative complication rate of 62%, with older age increasing the likelihood of a complication, and a long-term postoperative complication rate of 52%. Patients in this age group with a history of hypertension are 10 times more likely to incur a major perioperative complication. However, the mortality risk for these patients is not increased.
Une comparaison des prévisions des experts à celles issues des modèles B VAR
Authors: Lardic Sandrine , Mpacko Priso Auguste 
Published: September 2011

A Comparison of Expert Forecasts with BVAR Model Forecasts by Sandrine Lardic and Auguste Mpacko-Priso
This paper checks whether economic and financial experts forecast macroeconomic and financial variables «better» than alternative techniques and in particular the Bayesian method. The BVAR methodology, presented in detail in Lardic and Mpacko-Priso (1996) and summarised in this paper, is used to generate six-month and twelve-month forecasts of the Consumer Price Index, Industrial Production Index, Standard and Poors 425, and Standard and Poors 500 for two samples. These forecasts are then compared with economic and financial expert predictions as well as with forecasts derived from traditional techniques for the same periods of time. Statistical and economic criteria are used to gauge the different forecasts. We show that the BVAR forecasts are generally better than the individual expert forecasts. We conclude that the BVAR methodology merits being used more than it is at present.
Au-delà de Kyoto : enjeux d'équité et d'efficacité dans la négociation sur le changement climatique
Authors: Blanchard Odile , Criqui Patrick , Trommetter Michel , Viguier Laurent 
Published: September 2011

Beyond Kyoto: Issues of Equity and Efficiency in Climate Change Negotiations by Odile Blanchard, Patrick Criqui, Michel Trommetter and Laurent Viguier
This paper develops some basic methodological principles which can be used to study two questions: firstly, equitable methods of integrating developing countries into a long-term global programme to limit growth in greenhouse gas emissions, and, secondly, the contribution, in terms of economic efficiency, of tradable emission-permit systems. With regard to the first question, it turns out that no operative rule of differentiation or single principle of equity seems able to obtain the approval of all countries in so far as their interests remain structurally different. We have therefore constructed a simple and pragmatic scenario of CO2 emission stabilisation by 2030 and then shown that it could lead to a relative convergence of laws and a greater regard for democratic equality. In terms of efficiency, the findings emphasise the benefit of introducing a market for tradable emission permits, since this would make it possible to restore ex post facto the efficiency which had not existed a priori in the initial distribution of rights. The utilitarian concept of equity would also be respected in this case.
Régulation de l'effet de serre d'origine agricole : puits de carbone et instruments de second rang
Authors: De Cara Stéphane , Jayet Pierre-Alain 
Published: September 2011

Regulation of the Greenhouse Effect from Farming: Carbon Sinks and Second-Best Policies
by Stéphane De Cara and Pierre-Alain Jayet .
This article focuses on the comparative merits of various policies for regulating the greenhouse effect from farming. Separately and concurrently, it deals with second-best policies aimed at limiting methane emissions from livestock farming and incentives for reafforestation of land under fixed set-aside in the Common Agriculture Policy. Impact in terms of harm and social welfare are analysed using a techno-economic model of agricultural supply based on mathematical programming. Although the second-best policies for methane reduction, founded on taxation of animals and their feed, produces significant results, it is appreciably overshadowed, for both harm reduction and total welfare, by the policy of reafforestation.
Le rôle du changement technique dans le double dividende d'écotaxes
Authors: Hourcade Jean-Charles , Ghersi Frédéric 
Published: September 2011

The Role of Technological Progress in the Double Dividend of Carbon Taxes
by Jean-Charles Hourcade and Frédéric Ghersi
Modelling work on the macro-economic effects of carbon taxes has confirmed that a "weak" form of double dividend exists when the revenue raised is used to reduce the most distortionary taxes. However, it has also found restrictive conditions for a "strong" form of double dividend with a positive impact on both the environment and growth. This paper shows that the "strong" dividend is sensitive to assumptions about the labour market, energy consumption behaviour, substitution effects in the production process, and crowding-out effects resulting from the ratio of emissions-reducing investments to other investments. The paper starts with a brief review of the current debates on double dividends. It then presents a series of analytical tests to show how technological progress assumptions change the macro-economic parameters involved in the case of ploughing the revenue from the new taxes into reducing payroll deductions. Last but not least, numerical applications to France define the scope of validity for a strong second dividend (in terms of household consumption and employment) resulting from different assumptions about the adjustment of technology and consumer choices to new prices.
La croissance optimale d'une économie confrontée à un risque de catastrophe écologique
Authors: Chevé Morgane 
Published: September 2011

Dans cet article nous développons un modèle de croissance optimale d'une économie dont les activités productives sont à l'origine d'émissions polluantes qui dégradent le bien-être des ménages. De plus, l'accumulation de la pollution induit un risque de catastrophe écologique ayant des effets irréversibles sur l'activité économique. Dans ce cadre, nous montrons que la présence de rendements constants dans la production et la disponibilité d'activités de dépollution efficaces ne suffisent plus à garantir que l'économie puisse atteindre une croissance durable à long terme.
Par ailleurs, le risque de catastrophe écologique induit un comportement plus conservateur au sens où les émissions polluantes sont réduites. Cette réduction des émissions est d'autant plus forte que la probabilité de catastrophe est importante et/ou que les conséquences de la catastrophe sont graves.
Concession minière et asymétrie d'information
Authors: Poudou Jean-Christophe , Thomas Lionel 
Published: September 2011

Mining Concessions and Asymmetric Information by Jean-Christophe Poudou and Lionel Thomas
We study a concession contract for exploiting an exhaustible resource when a mining firm has private information about its costs. We show that the "traditional" balance between revenue and efficiency, which results in a lower level of production than with symmetric information, is not systematic in this contract. This is due to the specific depletion cost of non-renewable resources.
Redevances et prélèvements optimaux dans les aquifères côtiers menacés d'intrusion saline : les principes de base
Authors: Caussade Bernard , Moreaux Michel , Reynaud Arnaud 
Published: September 2011

Optimum Charging and Pumping for Coastal Aquifers in Danger of Saline Intrusion: Basic
Principles by Bernard Caussade, Michel Moreaux and Arnaud Reynaud
The intrusion of salt water into coastal aquifers is now one of the main causes of deterioration in their water quality. Sea water, which is denser than fresh water, invades these aquifers as soon as pumping is heavy enough to change the hydrostatic equilibrium. The object of this paper is to identify the specific problems posed by optimum management of this type of resource. We show that the effect of heavier pumping is to move further from the coast the boundary beyond which sustainable abstraction is possible inland. This relationship between volumes pumped and the siting of boreholes generates a specific externality, whose effects on optimum use of resources we analyse.
Un modèle bioéconomique d'évalution du coût social des rejets au sein d'une pêcherie complexe
Authors: Boncœur Jean , Fifas Spyros , Le Gallic Bertrand 
Published: September 2011

A Bioeconomic Model for Valuation of the Social Cost of Discards in a Complex Fishery by Jean Boncoeur, Spyros Fifas and Bertrand Le Gallic
Exploitation offish stocks is associated with externalities (affecting the fishermen) which are a source of inefficiency and dispute. Analysis of the gulf between individual and collective rationality, together with a consideration of how it may be bridged, is at the heart of economic theory relating to fishing. The practical scope of the bioeconomic models advanced by this theory is nonetheless limited by a number of factors. Failure to take into account the complexity of fisheries - nevertheless the cause of the "inter-industry" externalities which compound the intra-branch externalities generally characteristic of fishing - is one of them. This paper presents a bioeconomic model simulating one aspect of the operation of a complex fishery: the phenomenon of discards. The model, by describing this particular form of fishery interaction, can be used to calculate the social cost of engaging in an activity which produces negative externalities and to draw up an overall economic assessment of interaction. This assessment is immediately applicable in any discussion of fishery management.
Agriculture et environnement : une évaluation de la performance technique et environnementale d'exploitations laitières
Authors: Piot-Lepetit Isabelle , Le Moing Monique 
Published: September 2011

Agriculture and Environment: An Assessment of Dairy Farms' Technical and Environmental
Performance by Isabelle Piot-Lepetit and Monique Le Moing
Inefficient use of inputs remains one of main causes of pollution. Data envelopment analysis, which sets a best-practice frontier and evaluates the distance between each observation and this empirical benchmark, is used to measure the potential for reducing variable inputs, in particular the quantity of fertiliser and the volume of animal manure, on a set of dairy farms in Brittany and the Loire valley in 1997. A non-parametric statistical study is then used to identify the farms which are most efficient in technical and environmental terms.
L'inefficacité d'une chaîne de monopoles : une étude expérimentale en situation de négociation répétée
Authors: Garapin Alexis , Hollard Michel , Robin Stéphane , Ruffieux Bernard 
Published: September 2011

L'inefficacité d'une chaîne de monopoles : une étude expérimentale en situation de négociation
répétée par Alexis Garapin, Michel Hollard, Stéphane Robin et Bernard Ruffieux
La théorie (monopole bilatéral, double marginalisation) affirme que l'efficacité d'une chaîne de monopoles est inférieure à celle d'un monopole intégré. Ce résultat est valable tant du point de vue des monopoleurs bilatéraux que du point de vue du surplus collectif. Cet article teste la validité de ces résultats théoriques en situation expérimentale. Les résultats de l'expérience ne valident que partiellement les résultats théoriques. La fusion du monopole bilatéral dans un monopole simple conduit bien à un accroissement de l'efficacité en termes de surplus collectif, mais n'entraîne pas toujours une augmentation du profit joint des deux monopoleurs.
La régulation macro-économique et sectorielle de la démographie d'entreprises
Authors: Bonnet Jean , Renou-Maissant Patricia 
Published: September 2011

Macroeconomic and sectoral regulation of the demography of firms by Jean Bonnet and Patricia Renou-Maissant
The purpose of this article is to study the renewal of the productive system in France along two dimensions: a macroeconomic dimension supplemented by a branch analysis. The determinants of the demography of firms at macroeconomic level, captured with a vector autoregressive model, show mat, in the long run, an increase in the unemployment rate and an increase in industrial consumption have a positive effect on the formation of new firms whereas an increase in the volume of allocated credits has a negative effect on the formation of new firms and a positive effect on the number of failures. Regulation at branch level of firms' and plants' entries and exits, analysed with a pooling data model, shows a distinction between concentrated sectors and competitive sectors for which activity and profit are determining variables.