bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and morphometric measurement of the temporomandibular joint of small and medium-weight dogs with different skull shapes
Authors: Quadflieg Ina , Volk Holger A. , Sake Björn , Metje Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe recognition and diagnosis of canine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease can be a challenge, often leaving them undiagnosed. Although computed tomography (CT) has proved to be highly efficacious in detecting joint disease in the TMJ, morphometric and morphological studies of the normal TMJ have been scarce. Especially, skull type specific anatomical differences of the TMJ in dogs of different weights and skull morphologies have received limited attention.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the TMJ morphologies of dogs across different weight classes and skull types.Study designRetrospective study.MethodsCT scans were used to measure the depth and width of the Fossa mandibularis and two angles between the Fossa mandibularis and the Caput mandibulae in a total of 92 dogs and 182 mandibular joints, respectively.ResultsThe TMJ varied in terms of weight groups and skull indices. Shallow mandibular pits, underdeveloped retroarticular processes, and reduced joint congruency were observed particularly in light-weight and brachycephalic dogs. Conversely, dolichocephalic animals displayed deep joint pits, pronounced joint congruency, and a well-developed Processus retroarticularis.Main limitationsObserver learning curve; not every skull shape was represented in each weight group.
Retrospective Analysis of Clostridioides difficile Infection Rates and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Unicenter Study in Reus, Spain
Authors: Iftimie Simona , López-Azcona Ana F. , Corchero-Valverde Mireia , Peralta-Vázquez Antonio , López-Cordón Laia Revuelta , García-Cervera Carles , Fernández-Domínguez Luís Manuel , Camps Jordi , Joven Jorge , Castro Antoni 
Published: May 2024

Background: Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) vary in severity from mild diarrhea to life-threatening conditions like pseudomembranous colitis or toxic megacolon, often leading to sepsis and death. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted changes in healthcare practices, potentially affecting CDI incidence, though reported data are inconclusive. We studied factors influencing CDI incidence and outcomes at a university hospital throughout the COVID-19 pandemic years. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on all adult hospitalized CDI cases from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022 in Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan in Reus. We collected demographic information, comorbid conditions, and concurrent infections. Results: While overall CDI and COVID-19 rates decreased in 2022, a notable increase in CDI infections was observed among oncological patients and those undergoing some aggressive treatments, such as colonoscopies or gastroscopies. The prevalence of comorbidities remained unmodified, and there were declines in prior gastrointestinal surgeries and proton pump inhibitor prescriptions. Factors associated with patient fatality or prolonged hospitalization included older age, cancer, chronic kidney disease, higher Charlson and McCabe indices, elevated C-reactive protein, and low albumin concentrations. Conclusions: Our study shows the evolving landscape of CDI during the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasizes the impact of delayed diagnoses and treatments exacerbated by telemedicine adoption. Identified risk factors for CDI-related mortality or prolonged hospital stays underscore the importance of targeted interventions in high-risk populations.
Lived experiences of end-of-life care at home in the UK: a scoping review of qualitative research
Authors: Clark Claire , Fenning Stephen , Haynes Wendy , Clay Sarah , Maddicks Jack , Bowden Joanna 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundHome is the preferred place of care and death for most people with advanced illness.AimTo examine and describe the published qualitative literature on the lived experiences of dying at home, to characterise the participants and their contexts, and to identify key gaps in knowledge, with a view to informing future research.Design and settingA scoping literature review, undertaken in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guideline, examined studies focusing on the lived experiences of dying at home in the UK.MethodThe online databases CINAHL and MEDLINE were searched with relevant Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords to identify primary qualitative research published between 2010 and 2022, exploring the lived experiences of patients, families, and/or unpaid carers in the UK.ResultsIn total, 442 articles were screened, 61 of which underwent full-text review; 13 studies were retained in the final set. All studies explored the experience of bereaved family and/or unpaid carers, and one study interviewed a person who was dying. Where specified, the majority of experiences related to deaths from cancer, many with specialist palliative care team involvement. Included studies yielded a breadth of diverse findings, with the most common subject themes relating to the availability and quality of care, and support for families and carers.ConclusionThere is limited published evidence exploring the lived experiences of end-of-life care at home and this constrains the extent to which community services can be evidence informed in their design and delivery. More research is needed to examine the first-hand experiences of people who are dying at home, particularly for those with non-cancer conditions and where specialist services are not involved.
Методи вимірювального контролю
Authors: Багацький Валентин Олексійович , Багацький Олексій Валентинович 
Published: May 2024

В Україні окремого ДСТУ з контролю немає, контроль пов’язаний в існуючих нормативних документах з діагностуванням технічного стану та контролем якості готової продукції. У нормативних документах введено термін «вимірювальний контроль», який формально об’єднує процеси вимірювання та контролю. Це єдиний вид контролю, стосовно якого в документах зазначено не термін «inspection», а «control by measurement». Фактично цей термін розділяє процеси вимірювання та контролю і переводить процес власне допускового контролю у цифрове середовище, де він реалізується за допомогою програмних засобів. На думку авторів, вимірювальний контроль надає великі можливості для реалізації різних методів контролю і зводити його до допускового контролю (inspection), як це зроблено у нормативних документах, недоцільно. Автори запропонували в процесі вимірювального контролю визначати не «відповідність» параметрів заданим в документах величинам, а «ступінь відповідності нормі», яка розраховується згідно з вибраною у вікні контролю функцією відповідності і дозволяє прогнозувати вихід контрольованого параметра за межі максимально дозволених значень. Запропоновано та досліджено як функцію відповідності нормі степеневу параболічну функцію виду ymp=(ax2+bx+c)m, яка за зміною одного параметра m може змінюватися від прямокутної функції до дельта-функції. Показано, що за допомогою функції відповідності нормі можливо організовувати як процеси контролю, так і процеси діагностики. Наведено два нові методи вимірювального контролю: миттєвий контроль параметра та технічного стану обладнання в цілому і моніторинговий контроль параметра та тех­нічного стану.
الشعر المقطعي في مطلع القرن العشرين وخصائصه الفنية (اﻟﺸﻌر اﻟﻌ ارﻗﻲ أﻨﻤوذﺠﺎً)
Authors: أ.م.د. جمال جليل إسماعيل  
Published: May 2024

ﻨﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻌر اﻟﻤﻘطﻌﻲ ﻤﺎﺘﺘﻐﻴر ﻓﻴـﻪ اﻟﻘﺎﻓﻴـﺔ وﻴﺠـري وﻓـق ﻤﻘـﺎطﻊ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴـﺔ أو ﺜﻼﺜﻴـﺔ أو
أﻛﺜر ٬ وﻗد ظﻬرت ﺒﻌض أﻨﻤﺎطﻪ (ﻛﺎﻟﻤزدوج واﻟﻤﺴ ّﻤط) (١) ﻤﻨـذ ﻓﺘـرة ﻤﺘﻘدﻤـﺔ ﻤـن ﺘـﺎرﻴﺦ اﻟﺸـﻌر
اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ * ٬ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻫذﻴن اﻟﻨﻤطﻴن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻤن ﻛﺜرة ﻤﺎﻨظم ﻓﻴﻬﻤـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤـّر اﻟـزﻤن وﺘـداوﻝ
اﻟﻌﺼور ﻟم ﺘﻀف ﻟﻬﻤـﺎ ﺘﻠـك اﻟﻛﺜـرة ﺠدﻴـداً ﺒـﻝ اﻨﺤﺴـ ار اﻨﺤﺴـﺎ اًر ﺸـدﻴدا ٬ً (ﻓـﺎﻟﻤزدوج) ﻗـد ﻗﺼـرﻩ
اﻟﺸﻌ ارء ﻋﻠﻰ أﻏ ارض ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ وﺤﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻠﺘزﻤﻴن ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺒﺤر اﻟرﺠز إذ ﻴﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻛﺜرة زﺤﺎﻓﺎﺘﻪ وﻋﻠﻠﻪ
ﻨظـم اﻟﺤﻛﺎﻴـﺎت اﻟطوﻴﻠـﺔ واﻟﻌﻠـوم اﻟﺼـرﻓﺔ ٬ وﻟـم ﻴﺘﻌـّد إﻟـﻰ أﻏـ ارض اﻟﺸـﻌر اﻟﻌرﺒـﻲ اﻟﻤﻌروﻓـﺔ
ﺨﻼﻝ اﻟوﺼف واﻟطرد ٬ أﻤﺎ (اﻟﻤﺴ ّﻤط) ﻓﺈ ّن ﻤﺤﺎوﻻت اﻟﺸﻌ ارء ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗد اﻗﺘﺼـرت ﻋﻠـﻰ أﻏـ ارض
وﺠداﻨﻴـﺔ ورﺒﻤـﺎ ﻴﻛـون ﻟﻤوﻗـف اﻟﻨﻘـﺎد اﻟﻘـداﻤﻰ اﻟـ ارﻓض ﻟﻤﺜـﻝ ﻫـذﻴن اﻟﻨﻤطـﻴن أﺜـر ﻛﺒﻴـر ﻓـﻲ

اﻨﺘﻬﺎﺌﻬﻤﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻤﺎوﺠدﻨﺎﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼر اﻟﺤدﻴث.
ألفاظ الطعام وصفاته في كتاب ))البارع في اللغة(( لأبي علي إسماعيل بن القاسم القالي البغدادي المتوفي سنه) 653 هـ(
Authors: أ.م.د. محمد صنكور  
Published: May 2024

١ ­ ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺪﺭﺱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ( ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ) ؟

أ- درﺴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤرﺤﻠﻪ اﻟدﻛﺘو ارﻩ ﻓﻲ اطروﺤﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﻤوﺴوﻤﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨوان(اﻟﻤﺤﻨﻰ اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ

ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ ﻟﺴـﺎن اﻟﻌـرب)ﻻﺒن ﻤﻨظـور(ت ٧١١ ﻫـ)ﻓﻲ ﻤﺒﺤـث (ﺜﺎﻟﺜـﺎً:ﻤن أﻟﻔـﺎظ طﻌـﺎم اﻹﻨﺴـﺎن

وﺸ ارﺒﻪ) ﻗﺴـﻤﺎً ﻤـن أﻟﻔـﺎظ اﻟطﻌـﺎم واﻟﺸـ ارب اﻟﻤﺴـرودة ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻌﺠـم ﻟﺴـﺎن اﻟﻌـرب ﺘﻠـك اﻟﻤوﺴـوﻋﺔ
اﻟﻠﻐوﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻟـدة ٬ ﺒِ َﻌـّد ﻫـذﻩ اﻷﻟﻔـﺎظ ﺠـزءاً ﻤﻬﻤـﺎً ﻤـن ﻤظـﺎﻫر اﻟﻤﻨﺤـﻰ اﻻﺠﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻐـﺔ
اﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ ٬ واﺴﺘﻤ ار اًر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻬﺞ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ٕواﻛﻤﺎﻻً ﻹﺤﺼﺎء أﻟﻔﺎظ اﻟطﻌﺎم وﺼﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺘ ارﺜﻲ
ﻤﻬـم آﺨـر ٬ ﻓﻘـد اﺨﺘرﻨـﺎ ﻛﺘـﺎب ((اﻟﺒـﺎرع ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ)) ﻷﺒـﻲ ﻋﻠـﻲ إﺴـﻤﺎﻋﻴﻝ ﺒـن اﻟﻘﺎﺴـم اﻟﻘـﺎﻟﻲ

اﻟﺒﻐــدادي اﻟﻤﺘــوﻓﻰ ﺴــﻨﺔ ٣٥٦) ﻫــ) ٬ ﺘﺤﻘﻴــق اﻟﻤرﺤــوم اﻷﺴــﺘﺎذ ﻫﺎﺸــم اﻟطﻌــﺎن ﻟﻨﻘــ أر ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺘــﻪ

وﺴـطورﻩ ﺒﺈﻨﻌـﺎم ﻨظـر وﻨﻘﻠّـب ﺼـﻔﺤﺎﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻫﺘﻤـﺎم ﺒﺤﺜـﺎً ﻋـن أﻟﻔـﺎظ اﻟطﻌـﺎم وﺼـﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻟﺒﻴـﺎن
ﻨوﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ وﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ وأﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴـﺎة اﻹﻨﺴـﺎن وﻟﻐﺘـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺘـﻪ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ . ﻋﻠﻤـﺎً أ ّن اﻟﻛﺘـﺎب
ﻓﻲ أﺼﻝ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ رﺴـﺎﻟﺔٌ ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺔٌ ﻤﺨدوﻤـﺔٌ ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺎً ﻴﻤﻛـن اﻻطﻤﺌﻨـﺎن اﻟـﻰ ﻤﻔرداﺘﻬـﺎ وﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬـﺎ ٬
ﺘﻘـدم ﺒﻬـﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﺤـث اﻟﻤـذﻛور اﻟـﻰ ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ اﻻداب وﻫﻴـﺄة اﻟد ارﺴـﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺎ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌـﻪ ﺒﻐـداد ﺠـزءاً ﻤـن
ﻨﻴـﻝ ﺸـﻬﺎدة ﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴر اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻨﻴﺴـﺎن ١٩٧٢ م وﻛﺎﻨـت اﻟرﺴـﺎﻟﺔ ﻗـد أﻋـّدت ﺒﺈﺸـ ارف

اﻟﻤرﺤوم اﻟدﻛﺘور إﺒ ارﻫﻴم أﺤﻤد اﻟﺴﺎﻤ ارﺌﻲ وﺘﺄﻟﻔت ﻟﺠﻨﻪ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﻤن اﻻﺴﺎﺘذة اﻻﻓﺎﻀﻝ :

*اﻟﻤرﺤوم اﻷﺴﺘﺎذ اﻟدﻛﺘور ﻤﻬدي اﻟﻤﺨزوﻤﻲ
*اﻟﻤرﺤوم اﻷﺴﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒد اﻟﺤﻤﻴد اﻟ ارﻀﻲ

* اﻟﻤرﺤـوم اﻷﺴـﺘﺎذ اﻟـدﻛﺘور اﺒـ ارﻫﻴم أﺤﻤـد اﻟﺴـﺎﻤ ارﺌﻲ (ﻋطـر اﷲ ﺜـ ارﻫم اﺠﻤﻌـﻴن) ٬ وﻤﻨﺤـت
اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻤذﻛورة اﻟﻤرﺤوم اﻟطﻌﺎن ﺸـﻬﺎدة اﻟﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴر ﺒدرﺠـﺔ( اﻤﺘﻴـﺎز) ﺜـم ﺼـدرت اﻟرﺴـﺎﻟﺔ ﺒﻌـد
ذﻟك ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻝ ﺴﺎﻋدت ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐداد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺸرﻩ رﻗم اﻟﺘﻌﻀﻴد (٤) ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺴـﻨﺔ اﻟد ارﺴـﻴﺔ

٬ ١٩٧٤ -١٩٧٣ وظﻬـرت اﻟطﺒﻌـﺔ اﻻوﻟـﻰ ﻤﻨـﻪ ﺴـﻨﺔ ١٩٧٥ ﻋـن ﻤﻛﺘﺒـﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﻀـﺔ ﺒﺒﻐـداد ٬

ودار اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة اﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺒﻴروت.
المروي له والقارئ الضمني د ارﺴﺔ ﺘطﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺼﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻴرة ٬ اﻟﺘﺴوﻴﺔ
Authors: د. إسراء حسين جابر  
Published: May 2024

ﻴﺘﺤـدد ﻤﻔﻬـوم ( اﻟﻤـروي ﻟـﻪ ( Narrate ﻓـﻲ ﺒﻌـض اﻟﻤﻌـﺎﺠم ﺒﺄﻨـﻪ: ((اﻟﺴـﺎﻤﻊ
واﻟﻘـﺎرئ اﻟـذي ﺘوﺠـﻪ اﻟﻴـﻪ اﻟﻘﺼـﺔ ٬ وﻫـو ﻟـﻴس ﻤﺠـرد ﻓـرد ﺘﻘـص ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﻘﺼـﺔ؛ اذ ﻴﻨﺒﻐـﻲ ان
ﻴﺘﻀﻤن اﻟﻨص ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴر إﻟﻰ ان اﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻤوﺠﻬﺔ ﻓﻌﻼً إﻟﻰ ( ﺠﻤﻬور ) أو ﻗﺎرئ ﻤﻌﻴن ٬ ﻤﻤﺎ
ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻀرورة ﺘﻀﻤﻴن اﻟﻨص ﻤﺎ ﻴوﺤﻲ .. ﺒذﻟك )) (١) وﻫو أري ﻻ ﻴﻔرق ﺒﻴن اﻟﻘﺎرئ واﻟﻤروي

ﻟﻪ ﺒوﺼﻔﻪ ﻛﻴﺎن ﻟﻐوي ﻤﺘﺨﻴﻝ داﺨﻝ اﻟﺴﻴﺎق اﻟﺴردي .
ﻓـﻲ ﺤـﻴن ﻴؤﻛـد اﻟـﺒﻌض اﻵﺨـر وﻤـن ﺒﻴـﻨﻬم أري ( ﺠﻴ ارﻟـد ﺒـرﻨس ) وذﻟـك ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻌﺠـم
اﻟﻤﺼــطﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﺴــردﻴﺔ اﻨــﻪ : (( ﺒﻨــﺎء ﺴــردي ﻤﺤــض ﻴﺠــب ان ﻻ ﻴﺨﻠــط ﻤــﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘــﻲ أو
اﻟﻘـﺎرئ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘـﻲ ٬ ﻴﻤﻛـن ان ﻴﻘـ أر اﻟﻌدﻴـد ﻤـن اﻟﺴـردﻴﺎت ( ﻛـﻝ ﻤﻨـﻪ ﻴﺤﺘـوي ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺴـرود ﻟـﻪ
ﻤﺨﺘﻠف ) أو اﻟﺴرد ﻨﻔﺴـﻪ ( اﻟـذي ﻴﺤﺘـوي داﺌﻤـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﻤوﻋـﺔ ﻨﻔﺴـﻬﺎ ﻤـن اﻟﻤﺴـرود ﻟﻬـم )
واﻟذي ﻴﻤﻛن ان ﺘﻘ أرﻩ ﻤﺠﻤوﻋﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤن اﻟﻘ ارء اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻴن )) (٢) . وﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺒدو ﻓﺎﻨـﻪ أري
ﻴﺤﻴد اﻟﻤروى ﻟﻪ ﺒﻬﺎﻟﺔ ﻤن اﻟﺨﺼوﺼﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻴزﻩ ﻋن أﺸﻛﺎﻝ اﻟﻘﺎرئ اﻟﻀـﻤﻨﻲ أو اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘـﻲ
Postoperative Neurological Outcome in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients Presenting with Severe Neurological Deficits
Authors: Waqas Noor Chughtai  , Muhammad Adeel Razzaque  , Muhammad Shafiq  , Nauman Ahmed  , Tahira Fatima  
Published: May 2024

Objective: To determine the postoperative neurological outcome in spinal tuberculosis patients presenting with severe neurological deficits.
Materials and Methods: 57 patients of 22 to 65 years of spinal tuberculosis were included in this study from January 2018 to March 2023. Data was collected from the hospital records of the patients who were admitted and operated on for tuberculosis of the spine. All regions of the spine were taken for study. ASIA scoring was done and patients were labeled from ASIA scores A to E. All patients were operated and postoperative ASIA scoring was also done on follow-up visits. An Independent sample t-test was used to assess the difference in the mean of these variables.
Results: The mean age was 44.45 ± 8.54 years. Males were 39 and females 18. Preoperatively 27 patients had ASIA B, 28 patients had ASIA C and 02 patients had ASIA D score. All these patients improved postoperatively. The mean preoperative ASIA Score was 2.03 ± 2.4 and the mean postoperative ASIA score was 4.1 ± 1.3 withp-value of 0.02. Patients having old age, who present late and with poor grades in neurology had worse outcomes postoperatively.
Conclusion: Patients with spinal tuberculosis presenting even with severe neurological deficits had significant improvement in neurology postoperatively.
Keywords: Spinal tuberculosis (TB), American Spinal Injury Impairment Score (ASIA), Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Potts disease, Trans-pedicular decompression and fusion, Laminectomy, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Significance of Relationship Between Lumbar Disc Degeneration and Modic Changes in Acute Disc Herniation
Authors: Waqas Noor Chughtai  , Muhammad Umar Jamal  , Saeed Ahmad  , Nauman Ahmed  , Tahira Fatima  , Muhammad Umer Farooq  
Published: May 2024

Objective: To determine the significance of the relationship between lumbar disc degeneration and Modic changes in acute disc herniation.
Materials and Methods: This study included 323 patients 25 to 42 years of age having acute symptoms of acute single-level lumbar disc herniation. A simple random sampling technique was used to enroll these patients. MRI lumbosacral spine 1.5 tesla was done on all patients. The patients and MRIs were evaluated by a consultant neurosurgeon and anesthetist both having more than five years of clinical experience. The disc herniations, their types, disc degeneration by Pfirrmann grading, Modic changes in end plates, their types, and location were assessed.
Results: The mean age was 34.2±3 years. Males were 185 and females were 138. A total of 1615 discs from L1 to S1 of 323 patients were evaluated. 785 (48.6%) discs had degeneration, 356(22.0%) discs had herniation, 339(20.9%) discs had Modic changes. Out of the 356 herniated discs, 347(97.4%) discs had disc degeneration while 9(2.5%) discs did not have degeneration with a p-value <0.001. Out of the 356 herniated discs, 66(18.5%) discs had Modic changes while 290(81.4%) discs did not have Modic changes with a p-value <0.001.
Conclusion: We conclude that disc degeneration and Modic changes had a significant association with acute disc herniation.
A RELEVÂNCIA E OS PRINCIPAIS ENTRAVES DA VACINAÇÃO NO PROCESSO DE PROMOÇÃO A SAÚDE: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza Marcus Vinicius de Carvalho , Moura Edmércia Holanda , Melo Ana Paula Laranjeiras de , Andrade Izane Luisa Xavier Carvalho , Francisca Kelma Vieira dos Santos  , Antonia Patricia da Silva Carvalho  , Jordeilson Luis Araujo Silva  , Ana Luisa Cardoso Oliveira  , João Victor Moura Lins  , Luiz Henrique Moura Lins  , Heitor Vasconcelos Lima  , Savylla Lorena Santos de Azevedo  
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: este estudo visa analisar, por meio de revisão da literatura, os relevância e os principais entraves da vacinação na saúde como meio de promoção de saúde. Metodologia: realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura fundamentada no acrônimo PICo, nas bases de dados: LILACS, BDENF e IBECS, via BVS e MEDLINE via PUBMED. Utilizou-se os descritores: cobertura vacinal, imunização e promoção da saúde. Além disso, como critérios de inclusão foram adotados selecionados estudos primários, disponíveis na íntegra, capazes de responder ao objetivo do estudo, publicados nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola, dentro do recorte temporal de 2029 a 2024. Excluíram-se teses, dissertações, trabalhos de conclusão de curso, estudos de revisão e pesquisas fora dos critérios supracitados. Resultados: Obteve-se uma amostra inicial de 311.135. Após a aplicação dos filtros, 204 artigos foram selecionados para leitura prévia de títulos e resumos e, destes, 18 foram lidos na íntegra, excluindo-se 186 pesquisas por não responderem ao objetivo do estudo. A amostra final foi composta por 09 artigos. Considerações finais: as pesquisas analisadas apontaram que as vacinas caracterizam como fatores indispensáveis para a saúde pública nacional e mundial, capazes de prevenir e erradicar diversas patologias. Ademais, pôde-se compreender os principais entraves relacionados ao decréscimo do número de vacinações no país, bem como o papel do enfermeiro frente a este cenário.
Wave Reflection in the Solar Atmosphere
Authors: Chaturmutha Varun , Fleck Bernhard , Jefferies Stuart M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present evidence supporting wave reflection in the lower solar chromosphere based on helioseismic analysis of multi-height Doppler data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and the Magneto-Optical filters at Two Heights II instrument. This evidence is derived through a wave propagation model that incorporates both upward- and downward-traveling (reflected) waves. Moreover, we find that the height of the reflecting region varies with magnetic field strengths in a way that suggests a connection with the plasma β ∼ 1 region. We measure an effective reflection coefficient of 13% in a magnetically quiet region of the Sun.
The Effects of r-Process Enrichment in Hydrogen-rich Supernovae
Authors: Patel Anirudh , Goldberg Jared A. , Renzo Mathieu , Metzger Brian D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Core-collapse supernovae (SNe) are candidate sites for rapid neutron capture process (r-process) nucleosynthesis. We explore the effects of enrichment from r-process nuclei on the light curves of hydrogen-rich SNe and assess the detectability of these signatures. We modify the radiation hydrodynamics code, SuperNova Explosion Code, to include the approximate effects of opacity and radioactive heating from r-process elements in the supernova (SN) ejecta. We present models spanning a range of total r-process masses M

r
and their assumed radial distribution within the ejecta, finding that M

r
≳ 10−2
M
⊙ is sufficient to induce appreciable differences in their light curves as compared to ordinary hydrogen-rich SNe (without any r-process elements). The primary photometric signatures of r-process enrichment include a shortening of the plateau phase, coinciding with the hydrogen-recombination photosphere retreating to the r-process-enriched layers, and a steeper post-plateau decline associated with a reddening of the SN colors. We compare our r-process-enriched models to ordinary SNe models and observational data, showing that yields of M

r
≳ 10−2
M
⊙ are potentially detectable across several of the metrics used by transient observers, provided that r-process-rich layers are mixed at least halfway to the ejecta surface. This detectability threshold can roughly be reproduced analytically using a two-zone (kilonova-within-an-SN) picture. Assuming that a small fraction of SNe produce a detectable r-process yield of M

r
≳ 10−2
M
⊙, and respecting constraints on the total Galactic production rate, we estimate that ≳103–104 SNe need be observed to find one r-enriched event, a feat that may become possible with the Vera Rubin Observatory.
Discovery of Optically Emitting Circumgalactic Nebulae around the Majority of UV-luminous Quasars at Intermediate Redshift
Authors: Johnson Sean D. , Liu Zhuoqi (Will) , Li Jennifer I-Hsiu , Schaye Joop , Greene Jenny E. , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Rudie Gwen C. , Qu Zhijie , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Rafelski Marc , Muzahid Sowgat , Chen Mandy C. , Contini Thierry , Kollatschny Wolfram , Mishra Nishant , Petitjean Patrick , Rauch Michael , Zahedy Fakhri S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We report the discovery of large, ionized, [O ii]-emitting circumgalactic nebulae around the majority of 30 UV-luminous quasars at z = 0.4–1.4 observed with deep, wide-field integral field spectroscopy with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopy Explorer (MUSE) by the Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey and MUSE Quasar Blind Emitters Survey. Among the 30 quasars, seven (23%) exhibit [O ii]-emitting nebulae with major axis sizes greater than 100 kpc, 20 greater than 50 kpc (67%), and 27 (90%) greater than 20 kpc. Such large, optically emitting nebulae indicate that cool, dense, and metal-enriched circumgalactic gas is common in the halos of luminous quasars at intermediate redshift. Several of the largest nebulae exhibit morphologies that suggest interaction-related origins. We detect no correlation between the sizes and cosmological-dimming-corrected surface brightnesses of the nebulae and quasar redshift, luminosity, black hole mass, or radio-loudness, but find a tentative correlation between the nebulae and rest-frame [O ii] equivalent width in the quasar spectra. This potential trend suggests a relationship between interstellar medium content and gas reservoirs on CGM scales. The [O ii]-emitting nebulae around the z ≈ 1 quasars are smaller and less common than Lyα nebulae around z ≈ 3 quasars. These smaller sizes can be explained if the outer regions of the Lyα halos arise from scattering in more neutral gas, by evolution in the cool circumgalactic medium content of quasar-host halos, by lower-than-expected metallicities on ≳50 kpc scales around z ≈ 1 quasars, or by changes in quasar episodic lifetimes between z = 3 and 1.
Revisiting the Vertical Distribution of H i Absorbing Clouds in the Solar Neighborhood
Authors: Wenger Trey V. , Rybarczyk Daniel R. , Stanimirović Snežana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The vertical distribution of cold neutral hydrogen (H i) clouds is a constraint on models of the structure, dynamics, and hydrostatic balance of the interstellar medium. In 1978, Crovisier pioneered a method to infer the vertical distribution of H i absorbing clouds in the solar neighborhood. Using data from the Nançay 21 cm absorption survey, Crovisier determined the mean vertical displacement of cold H i clouds, 〈∣z∣〉. We revisit that author’s analysis and explore the consequences of truncating the H i absorption sample in Galactic latitude. For any nonzero latitude limit, we find that the quantity inferred by Crovisier is not the mean vertical displacement but rather a ratio involving higher moments of the vertical distribution. The resultant distribution scale heights are thus ∼1.5 to ∼3 times smaller than previously determined. In light of this discovery, we develop a Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain method to infer the vertical distribution of H i absorbing clouds. We fit our model to the original Nançay data and find a vertical distribution moment ratio 〈∣z∣3〉/〈∣z∣2〉 = 97 ± 15 pc, which corresponds to a Gaussian scale height σ

z
= 61 ± 9 pc, an exponential scale height λ

z
= 32 ± 5 pc, and a rectangular half-width W

z,1/2 = 129 ± 20 pc. Consistent with recent simulations, the vertical scale height of cold H i clouds appears to remain constant between the inner Galaxy and the Galactocentric distance of the solar neighborhood. Local fluctuations might explain the large-scale height observed at the same Galactocentric distance on the far side of the Galaxy.