bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of three different methods for determination of optimum insulation thickness in external walls
Authors: Ucar Aynur , Inalli Mustafa , Balo Figen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this study, three different methods for determining the optimum thickness of used insulation material in external walls of building are presented. The first method is life cycle cost based on the energetic costs. The second method is thermoeconomic optimization based on the cost of insulation materials and fuel. Finally, the third method is optimization of insulation thickness by Turkish Thermal Insulation Standard‐TS 825 based on heat energy requirement of buildings. The results show that the optimum insulation thicknesses vary between 3.2 and 12 cm, energy savings vary between 2.63 $/m2 and 4.35 $/m2, and payback periods vary between 1.7 and 2.7 yrs depending on the city and optimization method. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
The emotional regulatory features of bulimic episodes and compulsive exercise in muscle dysmorphia: A case report
Authors: Murray Stuart B. , Maguire Sarah , Russell Janice , Touyz Stephen W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMuscle dysmorphia is a recently identified psychiatric condition, whose relationship to the eating disorders remains unclear. This case describes an adolescent male who met diagnostic criteria for both an eating disorder not otherwise specified and muscle dysmorphia, allowing the first examination of read muscle dysmorphia presentations. This case suggests that muscle dysmorphia may present inclusive of episodes of binge eating and purging in addition to compulsive exercise, which may serve an emotional regulation function. We suggest that the assessment of muscle dysmorphia include a comprehensive assessment of all eating disorder features including bulimic symptoms, and that treatment address these features. Clinical implications for the conceptualization of muscle dysmorphia are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Perfectionism and learning experiences in dance class as risk factors for eating disorders in dancers
Authors: Penniment Kylie J. , Egan Sarah J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere is strong evidence that perfectionism is a risk factor for eating disorders. Women who engage in dance training have been reported to be at risk for eating disorders, and it has been hypothesised that expectancies about thinness and restricting food intake are formed partly as a result of exposure to thinness related learning (TRL) experiences in this environment, which may increase their risk. To clarify the relative contribution of perfectionism and learning in accounting for eating disorder symptoms in this group, 142 female ballet dancers completed an online survey. Through structural equation modelling it was found that the association between perfectionism and eating disorder symptoms was partially mediated by learning about thinness and restriction. The results suggest that eating disorder symptoms in dancers are significantly influenced by the interaction of perfectionism and learning, and future research should investigate the efficacy of prevention programs to target these risk factors in female dancers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Affect consciousness and eating disorders. Short term stability and subgroup characteristics
Authors: Lech Börje , Holmqvist Rolf , Andersson Gerhard 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyse differences in observer rated affect consciousness (AC) between subgroups of patients diagnosed with eating disorders (N = 44; 30 with anorexia nervosa and 14 with bulimia nervosa), and a non‐clinical group (N = 40). Another aim was to study the short‐term stability of AC over 10–11 weeks of treatment and its relation to self‐reported eating pathology and general psychopathology. A moderate short‐term stability of AC was found but the levels were not correlated with eating pathology or psychopathology. No differences between the two diagnostic categories were found, but the eating disorder group as whole had significantly lower AC compared with a non‐eating disorder reference group. AC seems to be a moderately stable ability that differentiates patients diagnosed with eating disorders from a non‐clinical population. However, AC is not related to symptoms of eating disorder or general psychiatric symptoms in this group of patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A review of the British Silurian cystoids
Authors: Paul Christopher R. C. , Donovan Stephen K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNew interpretations of morphology, new occurrences and new taxa of British Silurian cystoids are summarized. Two ambulacral patterns occur in the Callocystitidae. In one the first two brachiole facets branch to the left in ambulacra B and D, but only the first one in ambulacra A, C and E (the B + D arrangement). In the alternative pattern all ambulacra are the same with only the first brachiole branching to the left. The B + D pattern is plesiomorphic. Among callocystitids with four ambulacra the type species of Tetracystis has the B + D arrangement as does ‘Apiocystites’ elegans; both are referred to Tetracystis. The British species ‘T.’ oblongus has all ambulacra the same and becomes type species of the new genus Troosticystis. New records include Homocystites brenchleyi sp. nov. from the Rhuddanian of South Wales, which demonstrates that the family Cheirocrinidae did not become extinct at the end of the Ordovician as previously suspected. The British Silurian cystoid Prunocystites fletcheri has been recorded from Norway, the only species known to occur outside Britain. Schizocystis armata (Forbes, 1848) occurs at a new locality near Buildwas, Shropshire. Glansicystis glans sp. nov. is described for ‘the common form’ of G. baccata. It differs from G. baccata in having a larger oral area, weaker thecal ornament, shallower plate sutures and a more cylindrical theca. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loneliness among the rural older people in Anhui, China: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Wang Guoying , Zhang Xiujun , Wang Kai , Li Youhai , Shen Qiong , Ge Xiaojiao , Hang Wei 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo clarify the prevalence of loneliness and evaluate the impact of social support, family function and socio‐demographic factors on loneliness and their correlation among the rural older people in Anhui, China.MethodsA sample of 5652 older people were surveyed using the UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles)‐Loneliness Scale, the FAD (family assessment device), and the SSRS (Social Support Rating Scale).Results78.1% of the older people had moderate to severe levels of loneliness. There was a great difference between loneliness level and subjects' age, marital status and income, family size and education level. Social support and family function were negatively associated with loneliness. Multiple regressions indicated that more social support and better family function offered protection against loneliness.ConclusionsThe high rate of loneliness among rural older people in Anhui deserves attention. Family function and social support have played an important role in the development and course of loneliness. The strategy and intervention to alleviate loneliness among rural older people should be designed to enhance family function and social support. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intergenerational cohabitation in modern Indonesia: filial support and dependence
Authors: Johar Meliyanni , Maruyama Shiko 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInformal filial care plays an important role for elderly parents facing health challenges. Ageing, however, exacerbates the burden of filial care because the ratio of older to younger individuals is higher and disabled parents live longer. The well‐being of elderly parents is even more insecure in Asian developing countries that are undergoing unprecedented ageing and drastic changes in social norms and values, whereas old‐age support systems have yet to be developed. In this paper, we investigate factors that influence cohabitation decision by elderly parents and their adult children using the longitudinal Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). Focusing on new cohabitation in which a parent who lives independently starts to cohabitate with a child, we conduct transition analysis to make a more convincing causal interpretation than the standard cross‐sectional approach. We find that, while parental needs are important, cohabitation is influenced to a larger extent by the costs and gains of children. The elderly facing health and economic challenges are at higher risk of not receiving filial support than other elderly individuals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty in land cover datasets for global land‐surface models derived from 1‐km global land cover datasets
Authors: Nakaegawa T. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe influence of the uncertainties or differences in 1‐km global land cover datasets on a land cover dataset used in land‐surface modelling is explored. The uncertainties in six 1‐km global land cover datasets were found to be transferred to land cover datasets derived by either the dominant land cover type method (DLM) or the area ratio method (ARM). The agreement among the DLM‐derived land cover datasets (the DLM agreement) was higher than the per‐pixel agreement among the six 1‐km global land cover datasets owing to the spatial aggregation effect. The agreement among the ARM‐derived land cover datasets using the ARM (the ARM agreement) was higher than the DLM agreement because of the area ratio retention effect. The area ratios of all land cover types affect the ARM agreement, whereas only the dominant land cover type affects the DLM agreement. The DLM and ARM agreements were both strongly correlated with the per‐pixel agreement among the 1‐km global land cover datasets. Therefore, reducing the uncertainty in the 1‐km global land cover datasets is the key to reducing the uncertainty in the land cover datasets used in land‐surface models. Improving the land cover classification, especially in areas with small homogeneous regions or in transition zones between major land cover types, is also important for reducing the uncertainty in the datasets used for land‐surface models. These sources of uncertainty should be taken into account when interpreting the land‐surface model results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of potential changes in cereals production under climate change scenarios
Authors: Tatsumi Kenichi , Yamashiki Yosuke , Valmir da Silva Roberto , Takara Kaoru , Matsuoka Yuzuru , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Maruyama Koki , Kawahara Naoko 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis survey proposed a new methodology ‐ iGAEZ (improved GAEZ), developed based on the GAEZ (Global Agro‐Ecological Zones) model, capable of simulating crop yields on a global scale for wheat, potato, cassava, soybean, rice, sweet potato, maize, green beans. iGAEZ determines the optimum criteria of crop parameter of growth cycles to ensure best realistic crop yield combinations under comprehensive consideration of climate and crop condition. Global‐scale crop yields were calculated using iGAEZ model for the period of 1990‐1999. Through comparing simulated yields and FAO statistics, iGAEZ has demonstrated a very good ability to reproduce realistic crop yields on a global scale. We also predicted the impact of global warming on crop yields from the 1990s to 2090s by projecting five GCM outputs for AR4 under SRES A1B scenarios. According to the result, temperature rise will make many cultivated areas (eastern part of USA, India, eastern China, Africa) less productive. On the other hand, the regions with cold weather under current climate condition (Canada, northern Europe, northeastern China) become suitable for crop productivity under future climate scenario. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anthropogenic changes in a confined groundwater flow system in the Bangkok basin, Thailand, part I: was groundwater‐recharge enhanced?
Authors: Mikita Makoto , Yamanaka Tsutomu , Lorphensri Oranuj 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn many Asian megacities, the excessive use of confined groundwater has caused drastic decline of piezometric level with succeeding severe problems such as land subsidence and groundwater salinisation. At the same time, it may have enhanced groundwater recharge via an increase in vertical and/or lateral hydraulic gradient. The strength and spatiotemporal variation of the enhanced recharge are expected to depend on geographical and/or hydrogeological settings of an area in question. In the present study, the Bangkok basin in Thailand was selected to examine characteristics of enhanced recharge due to excessive pumping. We carried out numerical experiments on this phenomenon for half a century using a three‐dimensional groundwater flow model. The model reproduced well observed hydraulic‐head variations. Model outputs showed clearly that confined groundwater recharge under natural conditions (e.g. without pumping) occurred only in suburban hilly areas corresponding to deep aquifer outcrop areas, while recharge was enhanced due not only to suburban pumping urban areas mantled in thick clay (i.e. Bangkok metropolitan area). Recharge flux response to temporal variation in groundwater pumping was faster in urban areas and slower in remote hilly areas. On the plain, enhanced recharge was more distinct at locations where the Bangkok clay is relatively thin. These results suggest that piezometric level decline can be mitigated if appropriate sites are selected for groundwater pumping. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Input data resolution‐induced uncertainty in watershed modelling
Authors: Patil Abhijit , Deng Zhi‐Qiang , Malone Ronald F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe temporal‐spatial resolution of input data‐induced uncertainty in a watershed‐based water quality model, Hydrologic Simulation Program‐FORTRAN (HSPF), is investigated in this study. The temporal resolution‐induced uncertainty is described using the coefficient of variation (CV). The CV is found to decrease with decreasing temporal resolution and follow a log‐normal relation with time interval for temperature data while it exhibits a power‐law relation for rainfall data. The temporal‐scale uncertainties in the temperature and rainfall data follow a general extreme value distribution and a Weibull distribution, respectively. The Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC) is employed to represent the spatial resolution induced uncertainty. The spatial resolution uncertainty in the dissolved oxygen and nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations simulated using HSPF is observed to follow a general extreme value distribution and a log‐normal distribution, respectively. The probability density functions (PDF) provide new insights into the effect of temporal‐scale and spatial resolution of input data on uncertainties involved in watershed modelling and total maximum daily load calculations. This study exhibits non‐symmetric distributions of uncertainty in water quality modelling, which simplify weather and water quality monitoring and reducing the cost involved in flow and water quality monitoring. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogeomorphic processes of thermokarst lakes with grounded‐ice and floating‐ice regimes on the Arctic coastal plain, Alaska
Authors: Arp Christopher D. , Jones Benjamin M. , Urban Frank E. , Grosse Guido 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThermokarst lakes cover > 20% of the landscape throughout much of the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) with shallow lakes freezing solid (grounded ice) and deeper lakes maintaining perennial liquid water (floating ice). Thus, lake depth relative to maximum ice thickness (1·5–2·0 m) represents an important threshold that impacts permafrost, aquatic habitat, and potentially geomorphic and hydrologic behaviour. We studied coupled hydrogeomorphic processes of 13 lakes representing a depth gradient across this threshold of maximum ice thickness by analysing remotely sensed, water quality, and climatic data over a 35‐year period. Shoreline erosion rates due to permafrost degradation ranged from < 0·2 m/year in very shallow lakes (0·4 m) up to 1·8 m/year in the deepest lakes (2·6 m). This pattern of thermokarst expansion masked detection of lake hydrologic change using remotely sensed imagery except for the shallowest lakes with stable shorelines. Changes in the surface area of these shallow lakes tracked interannual variation in precipitation minus evaporation (P − EL) with periods of full and nearly dry basins. Shorter‐term (2004–2008) specific conductance data indicated a drying pattern across lakes of all depths consistent with the long‐term record for only shallow lakes. Our analysis suggests that grounded‐ice lakes are ice‐free on average 37 days longer than floating‐ice lakes resulting in a longer period of evaporative loss and more frequent negative P − EL. These results suggest divergent hydrogeomorphic responses to a changing Arctic climate depending on the threshold created by water depth relative to maximum ice thickness in ACP lakes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activating transcription factor 3 regulates survivability and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Lv Dandan , Meng Dan , Zou Fang‐Fang , Fan Li , Zhang Ping , Yu Ying , Fang Jing 
Published: January 2011

AbstractActivating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a member of the ATF/CREB (CAMP responsive element binding protein) family of transcription factors. The expression and the function of ATF3 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remain unknown. The aim of this work is to determine the expression and possible function of ATF3 in VSMCs. We found that VSMCs expressed ATF3, and expression of ATF3 in VSMCs was induced by a variety of stimuli including serum, angiotensin II, and H2O2. Knockdown of ATF3 induced apoptosis of VSMCs, caspase‐3 cleavage, and cytochrome c release. The results suggest that ATF3 regulates survivability of VSMCs. Moreover, we found that overexpression of ATF3 promoted migration of VSMCs and induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1, 3, and 13. These results suggest that ATF3 plays a role in regulating migration of VSMCs. In addition, we found that the expression of ATF3 was upregulated in smooth muscle cells in the injured mouse femoral arteries compared with the uninjured control group. These results suggest that ATF3 is relevant to disease physiology. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life,63(1):62–69, 2011.
The application of the glycemic index and glycemic load in weight loss: A review of the clinical evidence
Authors: Esfahani Amin , Wong Julia M.W. , Mirrahimi Arash , Villa Chris R. , Kendall Cyril W.C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObesity is rapidly becoming a global epidemic. As it is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, it is imperative to study dietary and lifestyle approaches that help reduce its prevalence. Recently, due to its possible link to appetite control and metabolism, several clinical studies have assessed the effect of low glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) diets on weight loss. To determine the application of GI/GL in the prevention and treatment of obesity, we searched several databases and identified 23 clinical trials that examined low GI/GL diets and weight loss as the primary outcome measure. In general, these studies showed much inconsistency in their findings. While a few studies found significantly greater weight loss on the low GI/GL diets, most of the other studies showed a non‐significant trend that favored low GI/GL diets; suggesting that factors other than GI/GL may play a role. It would be helpful if a pooled analysis were undertaken to clarify the current findings and outline the limitations of these studies. There is also a need for more long‐term randomized, controlled trials that not only focus on weight loss but also on weight maintenance and body composition. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(1): 7–13, 2011
Optimising reproducibility in low quality signals without smoothing; an alternative paradigm for signal processing
Authors: Beattie J. Renwick 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has been revolutionised in recent decades by major technological advances such as lasers, charge‐coupled detectors (CCD) and notch/edge filters. In contrast the development of signal processing algorithms has progressed at a slower pace. Spectroscopic applications increasingly focus on ‘real‐world’ applications that are not under highly controlled conditions and with more stringent limitations placed on acquisition conditions (e.g. low power for in vivo and explosives analysis). Often it is necessary to work with signals of a quality traditionally considered poor. In this study an alternative paradigm for signal processing poor quality signals is presented and rigorously assessed. Instead of estimating the background on the individual signals it is estimated on the results of a multivariate analysis. Under this paradigm prediction reproducibility is unaffected by the signal processing, unlike the traditional paradigm of correcting individual signals which induces errors that propagate through to the prediction. The paradigms were tested on a ‘real‐world’ dataset to predict the concentration of a pathologically relevant protein modification, carboxymethyl lysine (CML). Use of the new paradigm allowed signals with a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 2.4 to give a prediction with variance just 8.7% of the mean, with the traditional paradigm giving a variance of over 140% of the mean. Significant improvement in reproducibility could even be observed with signals as good as SNR 85. The ability to obtain reproducible predictions from low quality signals allows shorter acquisition (e.g. mapping or on‐line analysis), use of low powers (in vivo diagnostics, hazardous materials analysis (HAZMAT)) or use of cheaper equipment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge transfer interaction and nonlinear optical properties of barium chloride and thiourea complexes: a vibrational spectroscopic study
Authors: Kumari M. Meena , Indu Ramachandra Miss Pillai , Ravikumar C. , Joe I. Hubert , Němec I. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe nonlinear optical (NLO) semiorganic crystals barium thiourea chloride (BTC), bis(thiourea)barium chloride (BTBC) and barium(tetrakisthiourea) chloride (BTTC) were grown by the slow evaporation technique. FT‐Raman and IR spectra of the crystallized NLO materials were recorded and analyzed. The equilibrium geometry, bonding features and harmonic vibrational wavenumbers were investigated with the help of B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) method. From the optimized geometry, the decrease in CN bond length indicates the charge delocalization over the region of the molecules. Lengthening of CS bond and the deviation of CS···Cl angles clearly show the coplanarity of the amide planes of the complexes. The lowering of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap appears to be the cause for its enhanced charge transfer interactions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Raman spectroscopic study of the ‘cave’ mineral ardealite Ca2(HPO4)(SO4)·4H2O
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Palmer Sara J. , Henry Dermot A. , Pogson Ross 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe mineral ardealite Ca2(HPO4)(SO4)·4H2O is a ‘cave’ mineral and is formed through the reaction of calcite with bat guano. The mineral shows disorder and the composition varies depending on the origin of the mineral. Raman spectroscopy complimented with infrared spectroscopy has been used to characterise the mineral ardealite. The Raman spectrum is very different from that of gypsum. Bands are assigned to SO42− and HPO42− stretching and bending modes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.