bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Transcriptional Targeting of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Blood Cell Lineages by Lentiviral Vectors Containing the Regulatory Element of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Gene
Authors: Leuci Valeria , Gammaitoni Loretta , Capellero Sonia , Sangiolo Dario , Mesuraca Maria , Bond Heather M. , Migliardi Giorgia , Cammarata Cristina , Aglietta Massimo , Morrone Giovanni , Piacibello Wanda 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The ability to effectively transduce human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and to ensure adequate but “physiological” levels of transgene expression in different hematopoietic lineages represents some primary features of a gene-transfer vector. The ability to carry, integrate, and efficiently sustain transgene expression in HSCs strongly depends on the vector. We have constructed lentiviral vectors (LV) containing fragments of different lengths of the hematopoietic-specific regulatory element of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) gene—spanning approximately 1,600 and 170 bp—that direct enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression. The performance of vectors carrying the 1,600 and 170 bp fragments of the WAS gene promoter was compared with that of a vector carrying the UbiquitinC promoter in human cord blood CD34+ cells and their differentiated progeny both in vitro and in vivo in non-obese diabetic mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. All vectors displayed a similar transduction efficiency in CD34+ cells and promoted long-term EGFP expression in different hematopoietic lineages, with an efficiency comparable to, and in some instances (for example, the 170-bp promoter) superior to, that of the UbiquitinC promoter. Our results clearly demonstrate that LV containing fragments of the WAS gene promoter/enhancer region can promote long-term transgene expression in different hematopoietic lineages in vitro and in vivo and represent suitable and highly efficient vectors for gene transfer in gene-therapy applications for different hematological diseases and for research purposes. In particular, the 170-bp carrying vector, for its reduced size, could significantly improve the transduction/expression of large-size genes.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
A Mesenchymal-Like ZEB1+ Niche Harbors Dorsal Radial Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-Positive Stem Cells in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Sabourin Jean-Charles , Ackema Karin B. , Ohayon David , Guichet Pierre-Olivier , Perrin Florence E. , Garces Alain , Ripoll Chantal , Charité Jeroen , Simonneau Lionel , Kettenmann H. , Zine Azel , Privat Alain , Valmier Jean , Pattyn Alexandre , Hugnot Jean-Philippe 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
In humans and rodents the adult spinal cord harbors neural stem cells located around the central canal. Their identity, precise location, and specific signaling are still ill-defined and controversial. We report here on a detailed analysis of this niche. Using microdissection and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice, we demonstrate that neural stem cells are mostly dorsally located GFAP+ cells lying ependymally and subependymally that extend radial processes toward the pial surface. The niche also harbors doublecortin protein (Dcx)+ Nkx6.1+ neurons sending processes into the lumen. Cervical and lumbar spinal cord neural stem cells maintain expression of specific rostro-caudal Hox gene combinations and the niche shows high levels of signaling proteins (CD15, Jagged1, Hes1, differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma [DAN]). More surprisingly, the niche displays mesenchymal traits such as expression of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition zinc finger E-box-binding protein 1 (ZEB1) transcription factor and smooth muscle actin. We found ZEB1 to be essential for neural stem cell survival in vitro. Proliferation within the niche progressively ceases around 13 weeks when the spinal cord reaches its final size, suggesting an active role in postnatal development. In addition to hippocampus and subventricular zone niches, adult spinal cord constitutes a third central nervous system stem cell niche with specific signaling, cellular, and structural characteristics that could possibly be manipulated to alleviate spinal cord traumatic and degenerative diseases.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Realistische Modellierung der NIR/VIS/UV‐optischen Konstanten dünner optischer Schichten im Rahmen des Oszillatormodells
Authors: Stenzel Olaf , Wilbrandt Steffen , Friedrich Karen Friedrich , Kaiser Norbert 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, dass mithilfe des Mehrätze für die optischen Konstanten verschiedenartiger Schichtmaterialien generiert werden können. Die vorgestellte LCalc‐Software erlaubt dabei die Bestimmung der dielektrischen Funktion beziehungsweise der Brechzahl und des Extinktionskoeffizienten über einen Fit von Transmissions‐ und Reflexionsvermögen der entsprechenden Schichten bei einem oder mehreren Einfallswinkeln. Hinreichend genaue spektralphotometrische Messwerte können dabei mithilfe von selbstentwickelten VN‐Messeinsätzen gewonnen werden.Die so erhaltenen optischen Konstanten sind automatisch Kramers‐Kronig‐konsistent und korrelieren in sinnvoller Weise mit anderweitig gewonnenen Informationen über die Schichteigenschaften. Das wird konkret am Beispiel dielektrischer oxidischer Schichten sowie jeweils für eine transparente leitfähige Oxidschicht (ITO) und eine Metallschicht (Aluminium) gezeigt. Die Methodik ist auch geeignet, bei Anwendung auf Reproduzierbarkeitsversuche Informationen über prozessbedingte Schwankungen in den optischen Konstanten zu liefern, die dann ihrerseits als Input für virtuelle Prozessläufe zur Designoptimierung dienen können.
Study of the Interaction Between Methyl Orange and Mono and Bis‐Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants
Authors: Alehyen Saliha , Bensejjay Fatima , El Achouri Mohammed , Pérez Lourdez , Infante Maria Rosa 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe solubilization and interaction of an azo‐dye (methyl orange) with dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and cationic gemini surfactants in the series of alkanediyl α,ω‐bis[(dimethyl alkyl ammonium)bromide)] referred to as (m‐s‐m), m = 10, 12, 14 and s = 2, 3, 4 were investigated by means of UV–Vis spectroscopy. Aggregation with the anionic dye was reflected by a hypsochromic shift with a decrease in the intensity of the absorption band. The results also show a bathochromic shift followed by a sharp increase in the intensity of the maximum absorption band λmax after the critical micellar concentration (CMC). This indicates that the dye solubility increased with increasing surfactant concentration. It was also observed that the aggregation of surfactant and dye takes place at a surfactant concentration far below the CMC of the individual surfactant. The effects of the chain length as well as the spacer length of gemini surfactants on the critical aggregation concentration and CMC were also examined. Moreover, the partition coefficients between the bulk water and surfactant micelles KS and KX as well as the Gibbs energies of distribution of dye between the bulk water and surfactant micelles were determined using the pseudo‐phase model. The effect of the hydrophobic chain length and spacer of gemini surfactants on the distribution parameters is also reported.
Long‐chain Ceramide Produced in Response to N‐Hexanoylsphingosine does not Induce Apoptosis in CHP‐100 Cells
Authors: Mancinetti Adriano , Di Bartolomeo Sabrina , Spinedi Angelo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt has been previously reported that treatment of CHP‐100 human neuroepithelioma cells with N‐hexanoylsphingosine (C6‐Cer) induces intracellular accumulation of long‐chain ceramide (LC‐Cer) and apoptosis. Herein, we investigated the existence of any causal relationship between the two phenomena. We report that C6‐Cer‐evoked LC‐Cer accumulation is potently attenuated by the ceramide synthase inhibitor fumonisin B1; however, fumonisin B1 neither affects the apoptotic response evoked by C6‐Cer administration, nor is toxic by itself to CHP‐100 cells. Different to fumonisin B1, the serine‐palmitoyltransferase inhibitor l‐cycloserine does not attenuate C6‐Cer‐evoked LC‐Cer accumulation, thus suggesting that LC‐Cer is produced via the sphingosine salvage pathway. Consistently, CHP‐100 cells accumulate LC‐Cer in response to sphingosine administration; however, their viability is not affected. The above‐reported results indicate that, in the cell system investigated, C6‐Cer, but not LC‐Cer, is involved in apoptosis induction. As this finding is discussed in the light of the evidence that C6‐Cer‐induced apoptosis associates with cytochrome c release into the cytosol and caspase‐9 activation, thus calling for an involvement of the mitochondrial pathway, it also lends support to the notion that caution must be exercised when investigating the biological effects of endogenous ceramide by use of exogenously administered short‐chain analogues.
Chemical Characteristics and Fatty Acid Profile of Foxtail Millet Bran Oil
Authors: Liang Shaohua , Yang Guolong , Ma Yuxiang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChemical characteristics of a sample of foxtail millet bran and its oil, focusing on the approximate composition of foxtail millet bran and the fatty acid profile, physicochemical properties and tocopherol composition of foxtail millet bran oil, are presented in this work. The results indicate that the millet bran constituted 9.39 ± 0.17% crude oil, 12.48 ± 0.41% crude protein, and 51.69 ± 2.14% crude fiber. The specific gravity, refractive index, saponification value, and unsaponifiable matter content of millet bran oil were 0.9185 ± 0.0003 g/cm3, 1.4676 ± 0.0002 , 186.29 ± 0.51 mg KOH/g, and 3.62 ± 0.19 g/100 g, respectively. The tocopherol content was 64.83 ± 0.83 mg/100 g oil, which consisted mainly of γ‐tocopherol (48.79 ± 0.46 mg/100 g oil) and α‐tocopherol (15.53 ± 0.31 mg/100 g oil). The millet bran oil was rich in linoleic acid (66.5%) and oleic acid (13.0%). The saturated fatty acids included palmitic acid (6.4%) and stearic acid (6.3%). The major fatty acid in the sn‐2 position of the millet oil was linoleic acid (71.2%). The dominant triacylglycerols, calculated according to the 1,3‐random‐2‐random hypothesis, were trilinoleate (LLL, 29.3%) and dilinoleoyl‐monoolein (LLO, 17.2%). This work might be useful for developing applications for millet bran and its oil.
Screening, epidemiology, molecular biology, and treatment strategies for endometriosis‐associated ovarian cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectivesThis article reviews recent data on the biology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the different entity of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).Study designThe present article reviews the English language literature for screening, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, natural history, preclinical and clinical trials, and promising molecular targets on EOC, particularly for clear cell EOC (cEOC) based on the gene expression profiling studies.ResultsProspective ovarian cancer screening trials in Japan showed that (1) serous‐type EOC (sEOC) may exhibit a rapid progression possibly through de novo carcinogenesis, (2) the EOC risk was elevated significantly among patients with ovarian endometrioma (SIR = 8.95), (3) advancing age (>40 years) and the diameter of endometriomas (>9 cm) were independent predictors of development of EOC, (4) the benign‐appearing ovarian masses are present several years before the EOC diagnosis in patients with endometriosis‐associated EOC, and (5) the slightly elevated CA125 level is also typically present many years (>3 years) before the diagnosis in these patients. Upregulation of HNF‐1beta and PLK‐Emi1 genes were specifically detected in cEOC. In addition, the therapy currently used in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) should be considered as an attractive therapeutic option for cEOC.ConclusionsOvarian endometrioma could be viewed as a neoplastic process, particularly in perimenopausal women. Understanding the mechanisms of endometriosis development and elucidating its pathogenesis and pathophysiology are intrinsic to prevention and the search for effective therapies of endometriosis‐associated EOC.
Bedside diagnosis of extensive aortic dissection
Authors: Duggal Sandeep , Lyon Matt , Blaivas Michael 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a disease of relatively low incidence but very high mortality. Its presenting symptoms and signs are highly variable and frequently overlap with other less critical etiologies. The majority of patients expire prior to presentation to the Emergency Department. However, an even further complication is that nearly one-third of patients with AAD are misdiagnosed on initial evaluation. Standard imaging modalities for diagnosis of dissection include trans-esophageal echocardiography, CM and magnetic resonance imaging. All of these are expensive, time consuming and may not be readily available in a point of care setting. We present a case of an extensive AAD identified in a young patient with abdominal pain and neurological deficits. Point of care ultrasound allowed the identification of an intimal flap in multiple locations and resulted in rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Raman spectroscopy of cementitious materials
Authors: Black Leon 
Published: September 2009

Recent advances in Raman spectrometers, resulting in faster acquisition times and the use of lower powered lasers have led to a resurgence in the application of Raman spectroscopy to the study of cementitious materials. However, despite it being widely believed that we know all about these materials, modern cements are extremely complex, heterogeneous materials. Given their complexity, and the widespread application of cement and concrete in today’s society, modern research into cement and concrete is truly multidisciplinary, with experts from the fields of chemistry, geology, mineralogy, materials science, corrosion science, engineering, even biology and medical science all investigating the structure and behaviour of cementitious materials.
This review aims to look at the development of Raman spectroscopy as applied to the field of cement science. Starting with a historical overview, it then considers the spectra of cements at different stages in their lives, from fresh anhydrous materials, to hydrating and hydrated pastes, through to their degraded state. Whilst being concerned primarily with Portland cements, some alternative cementitious materials are also discussed, as are some of the additional materials found in modern cements and concretes; such as admixtures, cement replacement materials and reinforcement steel. However, it is not concerned with aggregates added to concrete, since this would be huge undertaking and would detract from the true focus of the review. Finally, the article identifies gaps in our current understanding and offers suggestions for potential future developments in the field.
THE INTERCONNECTIONS OF DISCRIMINATION
Authors: Wigger Iris 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT
Relations between race, nation, class, and gender as categories of social inclusion and exclusion have been subject to contemporary international debates in the social sciences. Critically reflecting upon these debates, this article examines the complex interplay of patterns of discrimination based on race, nation, gender, and class in an international racist campaign in the early 1920s. It was conducted by a wide range of organisations and individuals from different backgrounds in objection to the use of black French colonial troops in the Allied Rhineland occupation. These were denounced as a ‘Black Shame’, a primitive alien element in ‘civilized’ Europe. Patterns of inclusion and exclusion referring to the four categories were not strung together in a purely summative way. Gender, race, nation and class presented flexible, interlocking categories, and could even substitute for one another, when the ‘Black Shame’ was condemned as French aggression against white womanhood, the German nation, European civilisation, and the white race, and used as an ideological call for the cohesion of all Germans and ‘Whites’. I focus on the central role of the category gender in the campaign, and argue that campaigners used the German woman figuratively as an embodiment of the German nation and white race, seemingly threatened by desecration. German women, who refused to play this role and had relationships with black soldiers, were socially excluded from both imagined communities – nation and race. The discourse on the ‘Black Shame’ is an example of the intensive connections of the categories race, nation, gender, and class in modern racism and racist discrimination. My research advocates their conceptually combined and historically reflexive analysis.
Asymptotic 𝐾-support and restrictions of representations
Authors: Hansen Sönke , Hilgert Joachim , Keliny Sameh 
Published: September 2009

The restriction, from a compact Lie group

K
K

to a closed subgroup, of a polynomially bounded representation remains polynomially bounded provided a geometric assumption on the asymptotic

K
K

-support of the representation is satisfied. This is a theorem of T. Kobayashi. We give a proof of this theorem using microlocal analysis in the setting of distribution rather than hyperfunction theory. The proof is based on a characterization, up to the natural

K
×
K

K\times K

action, of the wavefront set of a distribution on

K
K

in terms of the asymptotic behavior of its Fourier coefficients.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of the novel human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor derivative Maxy‐G34 and pegfilgrastim in rats
Authors: Scholz M. , Engel C. , Apt D. , Sankar S. L. , Goldstein E. , Loeffler M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectives: This study aims to compare pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pegfilgrastim, a pharmaceutical recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF), with that of a newly developed reagent, Maxy‐G34. This comparison was performed using rat experiments and biomathematical modelling of granulopoiesis.Methods: Healthy rats and those with cyclophosphamide‐induced neutropenia were treated with either pegfilgrastim or Maxy‐G34 under various schedules. Time courses of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and G‐CSF serum level were measured and we constructed a combined pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of both drugs. Neutropenic episodes were assessed by experimental data and model simulations.Results: Both Pegfilgrastim and Maxy‐G34 showed strong dose‐dependent efficacy in reducing neutropenic episodes. However, time courses of ANC and G‐CSF serum levels were markedly different. The biomathematical model showed good agreement with these data. We estimated that differences between the two drugs could be explained by lower bioavailability and reduced elimination of Maxy‐G34. Based on the data and model interpolations, we estimated that Maxy‐G34 is superior in reducing neutropenic episodes. Also, we predicted that G‐CSF administration 48 h after cyclophosphamide would be superior to its administration after 2 or 24 h, for both derivatives.Conclusion: Maxy‐G34 is a highly potent drug for stimulation of neutrophil production in rats. By our modelling approach, we quantified differences between Maxy‐G34 and pegfilgrastim, related to pharmacokinetic parameters. Model simulations can be used to estimate optimal dosing and timing options in the present preclinical rat model.
High precision measurements of atmospheric concentrations and plant exchange rates of carbonyl sulfide using mid‐IR quantum cascade laser
Authors: STIMLER KEREN , NELSON DAVID , YAKIR DAN 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLinking measurements of carbonyl sulfide (COS) with those of carbon dioxide (CO2) has a potential in providing a powerful tracer of gross CO2 fluxes between the atmosphere and land plants, a critical element in understanding the response of the land biosphere to global change. A new application of online COS, CO2 and water vapor measurements based on newly designed mid‐infrared (IR) dual quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectrometer measures COS and CO2 (at 2056 cm−1) and water vapor (at 2190 cm−1), with detectors cooled thermoelectrically (at −43 °C) or with liquid nitrogen (−197 °C) for improved precision. Using the cryogenic detectors with averaging time of 1 s, precision was 50 pmol mol−1, 0.4 μmol mol−1 and 0.01 mmol mol−1 for COS, CO2 and water vapor, respectively (14, 0.2 and 0.003, respectively, for 60 s averaging time). We measured COS concentrations in ambient air, and changes in the rates of COS, CO2 and water vapor exchange of attached leaves in response to changes in light intensity and ambient COS concentrations. The results were consistent with those of nononline gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for COS and IR gas analyzer for CO2 and water vapor, with a high linear correlation for a broad range of concentrations (R2= 0.85 for COS and R2= 1.00 for CO2 and water vapor). The new methodology opens the way for lab and field explorations of COS fluxes as a powerful new tracer for CO2 exchange in the land biosphere.
Thermal plasticity of photosynthesis: the role of acclimation in forest responses to a warming climate
Authors: GUNDERSON CARLA A. , O'HARA KEIRAN H. , CAMPION CHRISTINA M. , WALKER ASHLEY V. , EDWARDS NELSON T. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe increasing air temperatures central to climate change predictions have the potential to alter forest ecosystem function and structure by exceeding temperatures optimal for carbon gain. Such changes are projected to threaten survival of sensitive species, leading to local extinctions, range migrations, and altered forest composition. This study investigated photosynthetic sensitivity to temperature and the potential for acclimation in relation to the climatic provenance of five species of deciduous trees, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus rubra, Quercus falcata, Betula alleghaniensis, and Populus grandidentata. Open‐top chambers supplied three levels of warming (+0, +2, and +4 °C above ambient) over 3 years, tracking natural temperature variability. Optimal temperature for CO2 assimilation was strongly correlated with daytime temperature in all treatments, but assimilation rates at those optima were comparable. Adjustment of thermal optima was confirmed in all species, whether temperatures varied with season or treatment, and regardless of climate in the species' range or provenance of the plant material. Temperature optima from 17° to 34° were observed. Across species, acclimation potentials varied from 0.55 °C to 1.07 °C per degree change in daytime temperature. Responses to the temperature manipulation were not different from the seasonal acclimation observed in mature indigenous trees, suggesting that photosynthetic responses should not be modeled using static temperature functions, but should incorporate an adjustment to account for acclimation. The high degree of homeostasis observed indicates that direct impacts of climatic warming on forest productivity, species survival, and range limits may be less than predicted by existing models.