bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up-regulation and subcellular localization of hnRNP A2/B1 in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cui Huaqing , Wu Feng , Sun Yanling , Fan Guocai , Wang Qingming 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the world's leading causes of death among cancer patients. It is important to find a new biomarker that diagnoses HCC and monitors its treatment. In our previous work, we screened a single-chain antibody (scFv) N14, which could specifically recognize human HepG2 HCC cells but not human non-cancerous liver LO2 cells. However, the antigen it recognized in the cells remained unknown.

Methods
Recombinant scFv N14 antibody was expressed as an active antibody. Using this antibody with a combination of immunological and proteomic approaches, we identified the antigen of scFv N14 antibody as the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1). The expression of hnRNP A2/B1 in HCC cells was then investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Results
We found that the up-regulation of hnRNP A2/B1 was measured at both transcriptional and translational levels in rat HCC cells but not in rat hepatic cells. We also found that in various human hepatic tissues, hnRNP A2/B1 was highly expressed in both human hepatitis virus positive liver tissues and human HCC tissues but not in normal liver tissues. Interestingly, we observed that the localization of hnRNP A2/B1 in HCC cells was altered during the development of HCC. In human hepatitis virus infected tissues hnRNP A2/B1 resides exclusively in the nuclei of hepatocytes. However, when the HCC progressed from a well differentiated to a poorly differentiated stage, hnRNP A2/B1 was increasingly localized in the cytoplasm. In contrast, the HCC tissues with hnRNP A2/B1 highly expressed in the nucleus decreased.

Conclusions
This work is the first to show that hnRNP A2/B1 is the antigen specifically recognized by the scFv N14 antibody in HCC cells. The over-expression of hnRNP A2/B1 was confirmed in cultured human and rat HCC cell lines, human virus related hepatitis liver tissues and human HCC tissues. The increased localization of hnRNP A2/B1 in the cytoplasm of HCC cells was revealed during the dedifferentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we suggest that the increased expression and cytoplasmic localization of hnRNP A2/B1 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to assess the risk of human liver cancer.
Pregabalin in fibromyalgia - responder analysis from individual patient data
Authors: Straube Sebastian , Derry Sheena , Moore R Andrew , Paine Jocelyn , McQuay Henry J 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Population mean changes are difficult to use in clinical practice. Responder analysis may be better, but needs validating for level of response and treatment duration. A consensus group has defined what constitutes minimal, moderate, and substantial benefit based on pain intensity and Patient Global Impression of Change scores.

Methods
We obtained individual patient data from four randomised double blind trials of pregabalin in fibromyalgia lasting eight to 14 weeks. We calculated response for all efficacy outcomes using any improvement (≥ 0%), minimal improvement (≥ 15%), moderate improvement (≥ 30%), substantial improvement (≥ 50%), and extensive improvement (≥ 70%), with numbers needed to treat (NNT) for pregabalin 300 mg, 450 mg, and 600 mg daily compared with placebo.

Results
Information from 2,757 patients was available. Pain intensity and sleep interference showed reductions with increasing level of response, a significant difference between pregabalin and placebo, and a trend towards lower (better) NNTs at higher doses. Maximum response rates occurred at 4-6 weeks for higher levels of response, and were constant thereafter. NNTs (with 95% confidence intervals) for ≥ 50% improvement in pain intensity compared with placebo after 12 weeks were 22 (11 to 870) for pregabalin 300 mg, 16 (9.3 to 59) for pregabalin 450 mg, and 13 (8.1 to 31) for pregabalin 600 mg daily. NNTs for ≥ 50% improvement in sleep interference compared with placebo after 12 weeks were 13 (8.2 to 30) for pregabalin 300 mg, 8.4 (6.0 to 14) for pregabalin 450 mg, and 8.4 (6.1 to 14) for pregabalin 600 mg. Other outcomes had fewer respondents at higher response levels, but generally did not discriminate between pregabalin and placebo, or show any dose response. Shorter duration and use of 'any improvement' over-estimated treatment effect compared with longer duration and higher levels of response.

Conclusions
Responder analysis is useful in fibromyalgia, particularly for pain and sleep outcomes. Some fibromyalgia patients treated with pregabalin experience a moderate or substantial pain response that is consistent over time. Short trials using 'any improvement' as an outcome overestimate treatment effects.
The phylogeography of Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Asia
Authors: Liu Liang , Mondal Mohammed MH , Idris Mohamed A , Lokman Hakim S , Rajapakse PRV Jayanthe , Satrija Fadjar , Diaz Jose L , Upatham E Suchart , Attwood Stephen W 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe freshwater snailIndoplanorbis exustusis found across India, Southeast Asia, central Asia (Afghanistan), Arabia and Africa.Indoplanorbisis of economic importance in that it is responsible for the transmission of several species of the genusSchistosomawhich infect cattle and cause reduced livestock productivity. The snail is also of medical importance as a source of cercarial dermatitis among rural workers, particularly in India. In spite of its long history and wide geographical range, it is thought thatIndoplanorbisincludes only a single species. The aims of the present study were to date the radiation ofIndoplanorbisacross Asia so that the factors involved in its dispersal in the region could be tested, to reveal potential historical biogeographical events shaping the phylogeny of the snail, and to look for signs thatI. exustusmight be polyphyletic.ResultsThe results indicated a radiation beginning in the late Miocene with a divergence of an ancestral bulinine lineage into Assam and peninsular India clades. A Southeast Asian clade diverged from the peninsular India clade late-Pliocene; this clade then radiated at a much more rapid pace to colonize all of the sampled range ofIndoplanorbisin the mid-Pleistocene.ConclusionsThe phylogenetic depth of divergences between the Indian clades and Southeast Asian clades, together with habitat and parasitological differences suggest thatI. exustusmay comprise more than one species. The timescale estimated for the radiation suggests that the dispersal to Arabia and to Southeast Asia was facilitated by palaeogeographical events and climate change, and did not require human involvement. Further samples from Afghanistan, Africa and western India are required to refine the phylogeographical hypothesis and to include the African Recent dispersal.
Effects of inflammatory cytokine IL-27 on the activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wong Chun K , Chen Da P , Tam Lai S , Li Edmund K , Yin Yi B , Lam Christopher WK 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Interleukin (IL)-27 is a novel member of the IL-6/IL-12 family cytokines that are produced early by antigen-presenting cells in T helper (Th)1-mediated inflammation. Elevated expression of IL-27 has been detected in the synovial membranes and fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
We investigated the in vitro effects of IL-27, alone or in combination with inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or IL-1 β on the pro-inflammatory activation of human primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from RA patients and normal control subjects, and the underlying intracellular signaling molecules were determined by intracellular staining using flow cytometry.

Results
Significantly higher plasma concentration of IL-27 was found in RA patients (n = 112) than control subjects (n = 46). Both control and RA-FLS constitutively express functional IL-27 receptor heterodimer, gp130 and WSX-1, with more potent IL-27-mediated activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)1 in RA-FLS. IL-27 was found to induce significantly higher cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and release of inflammatory chemokine IL-6, CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10 and matrix metalloproteinase-1 of RA-FLS than that of control FLS (all P < 0.05). Moreover, an additive or synergistic effect was observed in the combined treatment of IL-27 and TNF-α or IL-1 β on the surface expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and the release of CXCL9 and CXCL10 of RA-FLS. Further investigations showed that the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and chemokines stimulated by IL-27 was differentially regulated by intracellular activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase-AKT, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and Janus kinase pathways.

Conclusions
Our results therefore provide a new insight into the IL-27-activated immunopathological mechanisms mediated by distinct intracellular signal transductions in joint inflammation of RA.
In-hospital percentage BNP reduction is highly predictive for adverse events in patients admitted for acute heart failure: the Italian RED Study
Authors: Di Somma Salvatore , Magrini Laura , Pittoni Valerio , Marino Rossella , Mastrantuono Antonella , Ferri Enrico , Ballarino Paola , Semplicini Andrea , Bertazzoni Giuliano , Carpinteri Giuseppe , Mulè Paolo , Pazzaglia Maria , Shah Kevin , Maisel Alan , Clopton Paul 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Our aim was to evaluate the role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) percentage variations at 24 hours and at discharge compared to its value at admission in order to demonstrate its predictive value for outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Methods
This was a multicenter Italian (8 centers) observational study (Italian Research Emergency Department: RED). 287 patients with ADHF were studied through physical exams, lab tests, chest X Ray, electrocardiograms (ECGs) and BNP measurements, performed at admission, at 24 hours, and at discharge. Follow up was performed 180 days after hospital discharge. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for the various subgroups created. For all comparisons, a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
BNP median (interquartile range (IQR)) value at admission was 822 (412 - 1390) pg\mL; at 24 hours was 593 (270 - 1953) and at discharge was 325 (160 - 725). A BNP reduction of >46% at discharge had an area under curve (AUC) of 0.70 (P < 0.001) for predicting future adverse events. There were 78 events through follow up and in 58 of these patients the BNP level at discharge was >300 pg/mL. A BNP reduction of 25.9% after 24 hours had an AUC at ROC curve of 0.64 for predicting adverse events (P < 0.001). The odds ratio of the patients whose BNP level at discharge was <300 pg/mL and whose percentage decrease at discharge was <46% compared to the group whose BNP level at discharge was <300 pg/mL and whose percentage decrease at discharge was >46% was 4.775 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76 - 12.83, P < 0.002). The odds ratio of the patients whose BNP level at discharge was >300 pg/mL and whose percentage decrease at discharge was <46% compared to the group whose BNP level at discharge was <300 pg/mL and whose percentage decrease at discharge was >46% was 9.614 (CI 4.51 - 20.47, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
A reduction of BNP >46% at hospital discharge compared to the admission levels coupled with a BNP absolute value < 300 pg/mL seems to be a very powerful negative prognostic value for future cardiovascular outcomes in patients hospitalized with ADHF.
Review Essay: The Whole Hogg
Authors: Plotz John 
Published: July 2010

This article recognizes the accomplishment of the editors of the Stirling/South Carolina Edition of James Hogg and reflects on the long literary eclipse that followed Hogg's death in 1835. Hogg was both the inventor and prime nineteenth-century practitioner of what could be called (on the model of polyglossia) polydoxy, which stages the intersection of profoundly disjunctive belief systems within a single piece of fiction. He produced texts with central mysteries that seem to court a variety of explanations but finally resist the triumph of any one explanatory schema over its alternatives. In Hogg's fiction, divergence in belief does not solely or inevitably occur at the level of speech itself, but may also be found at the level of incident, plot, character, or motive—in the question of what makes a given occurrence into a “story” at all.
Hogg strives for a sort of epistemological degree zero, where various possible explanations hang in equipoise with one another. Stories accordingly often end with some seemingly unrelated detail that serves to embed the entire tale within in a universe where stories, poems, and inscriptions, each equally unlikely, are forced to compete for the same scarce conversational space. The stark battle lines that, during the heyday of the Edinburgh literary scene, characterized journal divisions, political ones, even questions of linguistic fidelity to the Scots dialect may well have been what taught Hogg to conceptualize fiction as a site where profoundly divergent worldviews are suspended next to one another.
Principle and Prototype Testing of a New Matric Suction Sensor
Authors: Dunmola Adedeji , Simms Paul , Padilla Manuel 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A new principle for matric suction measurement is proposed, based upon strain measurement of a contiguous porous material of high air-entry value (AEV). In theory, this allows for the measurement of matric suction without the associated errors due to cavitation or hysteresis for suctions below the AEV. Results from testing a prototype sensor made from a deformable porous material with a high AEV (S=0.85 at 5 MPa) are presented. Deformation of the prototype was determined by means of attached electrical resistivity strain gauges. Matric suction is then inferred from the strain measurements using poroelasticity theory. Tests performed in a drying artificial silt show that matric suction values inferred using the prototype sensor showed reasonable agreement with corresponding values obtained using a tensiometer, a psychrometer, and with suctions established using axis-translation. Mean absolute errors of matric suction measurement were 8, 16, and 100 kPa for ranges of 0–150, 50–300, and 300–1200 kPa, respectively.
An Evaluation of Fouled Ballast in a Laboratory Model Track Using Ground Penetrating Radar
Authors: Su Li-Jun , Rujikiatkamjorn Cholachat , Indraratna Buddhima 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to evaluate fouled ballast in a prototype model railway track designed and constructed at the University of Wollongong. To simulate actual conditions, the track consisted of a layer of sub-grade, a capping layer, and a layer of ballast. The track was then divided into seven fouled ballast sections and two clean ballast sections, nine in all. Radar detectable geotextile was embedded under the ballast to highlight the interface between the ballast and capping layer, and then different frequency antennae were used to capture the reflected GPR signals so that the fouled ballast could be evaluated. The design and construction of the model track and the analysis and interpretation of collected GPR data are presented in this paper. Clear patterns of texture observed from the GPR images illustrate the different fouling conditions. The relative dielectric permittivity of each sub-section was also calculated and compared, which proved that it can be used to classify clean and fouled ballast.
Neck Circumference as a Screening Measure for Identifying Children With High Body Mass Index
Authors: Nafiu Olubukola O. , Burke Constance , Lee Joyce , Voepel-Lewis Terri , Malviya Shobha , Tremper Kevin K. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVES:
Overweight in children is most commonly described by using BMI. Because BMI does not adequately describe regional (central) adiposity, other indices of body fatness are being explored. Neck circumference (NC) is positively associated with obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes, and hypertension in adults. NC also has positive correlation with BMI in adults. The possible role of NC in screening for high BMI in children is not well characterized. The aims of this investigation were to examine the correlation between BMI and NC in children and to determine the best NC cutoff that identifies children with high BMI.

METHODS:
Children who were aged 6 to 18 years and undergoing elective noncardiac surgeries were the subjects of this study. Trained research assistants collected clinical and anthropometric data from all patients. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients between NC and other indices of obesity. We then determined by receiver operating characteristic analyses the optimal NC cutoff for identifying children with high BMI.

RESULTS:
Among 1102 children, 52% were male. NC was significantly correlated with age, BMI, and waist circumference in both boys and girls, although the correlation was stronger in older children. Optimal NC cutoff indicative of high BMI in boys ranged from 28.5 to 39.0 cm. Corresponding values in girls ranged from 27.0 to 34.6 cm.

CONCLUSIONS:
NC is significantly correlated with indices of adiposity and can reliably identify children with high BMI. NC is a simple technique that has good interrater reliability and could be used to screen for overweight and obesity in children.
Thirty years of permanent vegetation plots, Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA
Authors: del Moral Roger 
Published: July 2010

I established 92 permanent plots on Mount St. Helens starting in 1980 in order to document vegetation recovery from volcanic disturbances. I report data in 1743 records (plot × year), containing 85 species. These represent most common species found in non‐forested habitats on Mount St. Helens. Richness, percent cover, diversity (H′ and evenness), and species frequency of a plot are reported. Plots were sampled using 24 quadrats placed in the same location in each sample year by the same observer. Habitats sampled included those experiencing primary succession, secondary succession, and recovery from disturbance. These data have been used to test hypotheses concerning succession trajectories and patterns of species assembly. They also may be used to test models of succession, determine succession rates by several methods, and explore assembly processes and rules. Four files provide the data: (1) the matrix of species in each plot in each year; (2) the matrix of structural measures (e.g., richness) in each plot in each year; (3) taxonomic and life‐history characteristics of species in the data set; and (4) geographic and landscape factors for each plot. The data are described in a metadata file, which includes numerous time‐series images.The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in the Data Papers section of the journal are published electronically in Ecological Archives at 〈http://esapubs.org/archive〉. (The accession number for each Data Paper is given directly beneath the title.)
Phylogeny and character evolution in Medicago (Leguminosae): Evidence from analyses of plastid trnK/matK and nuclear GA3ox1 sequences
Authors: Steele Kelly P. , Ickert‐Bond Stefanie M. , Zarre Shahin , Wojciechowski Martin F. 
Published: July 2010

• Premise of the study: The genus Medicago, with about 87 species, includes the model legume species M. truncatula, and a number of important forage species such as M. sativa (alfalfa), M. scutellata (snail medic), and M. lupulina (black medic). Relationships within the genus are not yet sufficiently resolved, contributing to difficulty in understanding the evolution of a number of distinguishing characteristics such as aneuploidy and polyploidy, life history, structure of cotyledons, and number of seeds per fruit.• Methods: Phylogenetic relationships of 70–73 species of Medicago and its sister genus Trigonella (including Melilotus) were reconstructed from nucleotide sequences of the plastid trnK/matK region and the nuclear‐encoded GA3ox1 gene (gibberellin 3‐β‐hydroxylase) using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods.• Key results: Our results support certain currently recognized taxonomic groups, e.g., sect. Medicago (with M. sativa) and sect. Buceras. However, other strongly supported clades—the “reduced subsection Leptospireae clade” that includes M. lupulina, the “polymorpha clade” that includes M. murex and M. polymorpha and the “subsection Pachyspireae clade” that includes M. truncatula—each of which includes species presently in different subsections of sect. Spirocarpos, contradict the current classification.• Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that some characters considered important in existing taxonomies, for example, single‐seeded fruits that have arisen more than once in both Medicago and Trigonella, are indeed homoplastic. Others, such as the 2n = 14 chromosome number, have also arisen independently within the genus. In addition, we demonstrate support for the utility of GA3ox1 sequences for phylogenetic analysis among and within closely related genera of legumes.
Characterizations of Extremals for some Functionals on Convex
Bodies
Authors: Saroglou Christos 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe investigate equality cases in inequalities for Sylvester-type
functionals. Namely, it was proven by Campi, Colesanti, and Gronchi that the
quantityis maximized by triangles among all planar convex bodies K
(parallelograms in the symmetric case). We show that these are the only
maximizers, a fact proven by Giannopoulos for p = 1.
Moreover, if h: ℝ+ → ℝ+ is a strictly
increasing function andWj is the j-th
quermassintegral in ℝd, we prove that the functionalis minimized among the (n + 1)-tuples of convex bodies of
fixed volumes if and only if K0, … , Kn are homothetic ellipsoids when j = 0 (extending a
result of Groemer) and Euclidean balls with the same center when
j > 0 (extending a result of Hartzoulaki and
Paouris).
Role of executive dysfunction in predicting frequency and severity of violence
Authors: Hancock Megan , Tapscott Jennifer L. , Hoaken Peter N.S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe adverse consequences of violence on society are tremendous. The proportion of offenders incarcerated for violent offenses is large, and the cost of keeping these offenders incarcerated is startling. Understanding and treating the causal underpinnings of violent crime is of utmost importance for individuals and society as a whole. Several factors have been identified as potential contributors to violent crime, including cognitive deficits in executive functioning [Hoaken et al., 2007]. To investigate this further, 77 offenders from Fenbrook Institution, a federal facility, were tested on a battery of executive functioning measures. Offenders were found to have broad and pervasive dysfunction in their executive abilities. In addition, specific scores from the battery were found using regression techniques, to predict the frequency and severity of past violent offending but not nonviolent offending. This speaks of the possibility of a new type of correctional rehabilitation program, one that focuses on the rehabilitation of basic executive functions. Aggr. Behav. 36:338–349, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.