bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial disparity in oral and pharyngeal cancer in Florida in 1991–2008: mixed trends in stage of diagnosis
Authors: Guo Yi , McGorray Susan P. , Riggs Charles E. , Logan Henrietta L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo explore changes in distribution of stage at diagnosis among individuals with oral and pharyngeal cancers over the past two decades and whether the changes differ by race.MethodsWe obtained 1991–2008 cancer incidence data for nine anatomic sites of the oral and pharyngeal structure from the Florida Cancer Data System. These cancers were grouped into oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), pharyngeal SCC, and other head and neck cancers. Annual percent change was calculated for each group to characterize trends in age‐adjusted cancer incidence over time by race and stage at diagnosis.ResultsDuring 1991–2008, the overall age‐adjusted oral SCC incidence was decreasing for both races, with a greater decline observed among Blacks. There was a large drop in incidence of regional‐stage diagnoses among Blacks. For pharyngeal SCC, the age‐adjusted incidence of localized‐ and regional‐stage diagnoses was increasing for Whites during 1991–2008, with the largest increase in the incidence of regional‐stage diagnoses. The percentage of localized‐stage diagnoses was increasing for both races for oral SCC. A slight increase in percentage of localized‐stage diagnoses was observed for Blacks for pharyngeal SCC, whereas no obvious change was observed among Whites.ConclusionsBlacks continued to have lower percentages of localized‐stage diagnoses than Whites for nearly all sites, but an increasing percentage of localized‐stage diagnoses was observed for oral SCC among Blacks. For pharyngeal SCC, the increase in incidence among Whites was accompanied by an increasing percentage of late‐stage diagnoses. Coordinated public health approaches with a special emphasis on screening underserved populations are needed.
Hematological and biochemical blood values in wild populations of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) ofCampeche,México
Authors: Rovirosa‐Hernández M.J. , Caba M. , García‐Orduña F. , López‐Muñoz J.J.D. , Canales‐Espinosa D. , Hermida‐Lagunes J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical analyses of free‐rangingNewWorld primates are extremely limited. The aim of this study was to obtain baseline data of blood chemistry and hematological values of free‐rangingAlouatta pigra.Method17 males and 17 females were captured. We collected blood from the caudal tail vein; conventional techniques were used to analyze the samplesResultsHemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocytes were significantly higher in males than in females. In relation to biochemical blood values, albumin/globulin ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron were significantly higher in males than in females, while creatinine was significantly higher in females than in males.ConclusionsIn general, measured parameters are similar to those of other primates and will be used as reference values for futures studies.
Geriatric dentistry: is rethinking still required? A community‐based survey in Indian population
Authors: Bijjargi Supriya , Chowdhary Ramesh 
Published: August 2012

Gerodontology 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00667.x

Geriatric dentistry: is rethinking still required? A community‐based survey in Indian population
Background:  India has a large geriatric population (60 years and above) of 77 million; comprising 7.7% of its total population. Poor oral health and loss of teeth not only adversely affect the dietary intake and nutritional status and thereby compromise general health, but can also deny them the pleasure of eating food of their choice.Objective:  To assess the level of edentulousness, denture wearing and denture needs of the elderly in the community and to study the correlation between oral health parameters and sociodemographic variables which would help us to define better treatment modalities, counselling and thus improve the oral health of our geriatric patients.Materials and Methods:  Subjects who were 60 years and above were considered for this study and were randomly selected. Of the 1360 elderly who were enrolled in the study, 780 (57.35%) were males and 580 (42.64%) were female. This sample size is in proportion to the total population for the pilot study. They were given an oral examination and a questionnaire.Results:  Fifty seven percent (57%) of the elderly were not satisfied with their oral health status and function.Conclusion:  Complete edentulousness of both the arches was highest in the middle socio‐economic group, and was the lowest in the low socio‐economic group. Less than 50% of edentulous elderly and only 10% of partially edentulous elderly were wearing dentures.
Methotrexate‐paclitaxel‐epirubicin‐carboplatin as second‐line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder pretreated with cisplatin‐gemcitabine: A phase II study
Authors: Halim Amal , Abotouk Niveen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate‐paclitaxel‐epirubicin‐carboplatin combination as second‐line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder pretreated with cisplatin‐gemcitabine.MethodsIn this prospective phase II study, patients with metastatic TCC of the bladder pretreated with first‐line cisplatin‐gemcitabine received on progression paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 i.v. and carboplatin (area under curve of 5) on day 1, and methotrexate 40 mg/m2 and epirubicin 40 mg/m2 on day 15. The whole course was repeated every 28 days. The end‐points included clinical tumor response, treatment toxicity, quality of life and survival.ResultsA total of 40, predominantly male, patients were enrolled (median age 62 years [range 46–69]). Efficacy and survival were assessed in 38 patients only, as two patients refused treatment after the first cycle. Grade 3 neutropenia was the commonest acute severe toxicity (12/40 patients; 30%). The overall response rate was 39% (15/38 patients). The median follow up was 14 months (range 3–45). The median progression‐free and overall survival were 12 and 12.5 months, respectively. The 1‐year progression‐free and overall survival were 24 and 35%, respectively.ConclusionMethotrexate‐paclitaxel‐epirubicin‐carboplatin combination as second‐line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic TCC of the bladder results in a modest response rate with acceptable toxicity.
Role of human papillomaviruses in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liyanage Surabhi S , Segelov Eva , Garland Suzanne M , Tabrizi Sepehr N , Seale Holly , Crowe Philip J , Dwyer Dominic E , Barbour Andrew , Newall Anthony T , Malik Aisha , Macintyre C Raina 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEsophageal cancer (EC) is responsible for almost half a million deaths worldwide annually and has a multifactorial etiology, which may account for its geographical variation in incidence. In the last 30 years the potential of human papillomaviruses (HPV) as oncogenes or co‐factors in the tumorigenic process of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been widely studied. While the etiology of HPV in cervical and certain other anogenital and aerodigestive cancers has been established, results regarding its role in EC have been largely inconclusive. A causal association can be evaluated only with a case‐control study, where normal controls are compared to ESCC cases for the presence of HPV. We reviewed all studies investigating ESCC tissue for HPV DNA and identified 139 that met our inclusion criteria, of which only 22 were case‐control studies. Our results support previous findings of higher levels of HPV detection in high‐risk ESCC regions than in areas of low risk. In addition, we confirm that the role of HPV in ESCC remains unclear, despite an accumulation of studies on the subject. The variations in investigative technique, study design and sample types tested may account for the lack of consistency in results. There is a need for a meta‐analysis of all case‐control studies to date, and for large, well‐designed case‐control studies with adequate power to investigate the association. The potential benefits of prophylactic HPV vaccines could be evaluated if HPV is identified as an etiological factor in EC, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) Study: Initial Description of the Completed Database
Authors: Thaler David E. , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Di Tullio Marco R. , Donovan Jennifer S. , Griffith John , Homma Shunichi , Jaigobin Cheryl , Mas Jean-Louis , Mattle Heinrich P. , Michel Patrik , Mono Marie-Luise , Nedeltchev Krassen , Papetti Federica , Ruthazer Robin , Serena Joaquín , Weimar Christian , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Kent David M. 
Published: August 2012

Background Detecting a benefit from closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with cryptogenic stroke is hampered by low rates of stroke recurrence and uncertainty about the causal role of patent foramen ovale in the index event. A method to predict patent foramen ovale-attributable recurrence risk is needed. However, individual databases generally have too few stroke recurrences to support risk modeling. Prior studies of this population have been limited by low statistical power for examining factors related to recurrence. Aims The aim of this study was to develop a database to support modeling of patent foramen ovale-attributable recurrence risk by combining extant data sets. Methods We identified investigators with extant databases including subjects with cryptogenic stroke investigated for patent foramen ovale, determined the availability and characteristics of data in each database, collaboratively specified the variables to be included in the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism database, harmonized the variables across databases, and collected new primary data when necessary and feasible. Results The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism database has individual clinical, radiologic, and echocardiographic data from 12 component databases, including subjects with cryptogenic stroke both with ( n = 1925) and without ( n = 1749) patent foramen ovale. In the patent foramen ovale subjects, a total of 381 outcomes (stroke, transient ischemic attack, death) occurred (median follow-up 2·2 years). While there were substantial variations in data collection between studies, there was sufficient overlap to define a common set of variables suitable for risk modeling. Conclusion While individual studies are inadequate for modeling patent foramen ovale-attributable recurrence risk, collaboration between investigators has yielded a database with sufficient power to identify those patients at highest risk for a patent foramen ovale-related stroke recurrence who may have the greatest potential benefit from patent foramen ovale closure.
Low‐Level Laser Therapy Restores the Oxidative Stress Balance in Acute Lung Injury Induced by Gut Ischemia and Reperfusion
Authors: de Lima Flávia Mafra , Albertini Regiane , Dantas Yvana , Maia‐Filho Antonio Luis , de Loura Santana Cristiano , Castro‐Faria‐Neto Hugo Caire , França Cristiane , Villaverde Antonio Balbin , Aimbire Flávio 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIt remains unknown if the oxidative stress can be regulated by low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) in lung inflammation induced by intestinal reperfusion (i‐I/R). A study was developed in which rats were irradiated (660 nm, 30 mW, 5.4 J) on the skin over the bronchus and euthanized 2 h after the initial of intestinal reperfusion. Lung edema and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophils were measured by the Evans blue extravasation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity respectively. Lung histology was used for analyzing the injury score. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorescence. Both expression intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐y (PPARy) were measured by RT‐PCR. The lung immunohistochemical localization of ICAM‐1 was visualized as a brown stain. Both lung HSP70 and glutathione protein were evaluated by ELISA. LLLT reduced neatly the edema, neutrophils influx, MPO activity and ICAM‐1 mRNA expression. LLLT also reduced the ROS formation and oppositely increased GSH concentration in lung from i‐I/R groups. Both HSP70 and PPARy expression also were elevated after laser irradiation. Results indicate that laser effect in attenuating the acute lung inflammation is driven to restore the balance between the pro‐ and antioxidants mediators rising of PPARy expression and consequently the HSP70 production.
Significance of renal biopsy in patients with presumed diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Harada Koji , Akai Yasuhiro , Sumida Koichi , Yoshikawa Mikiko , Takahashi Hiroki , Yamaguchi Yukinari , Kubo Atsushi , Iwano Masayuki , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAims/IntroductionPatients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) typically show varying degrees of proteinuria and renal impairment. Because these clinical signs are frequently observed in other glomerulopathies, renal biopsy is required to make a definitive diagnosis of DN. We carried out the present study to evaluate the significance of renal biopsy for patients who have been presumptively diagnosed with DN.Materials and MethodsA total of 55 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and proteinuria, hematuria and/or renal impairment were enrolled in this study.ResultsRenal biopsy showed that just 30 patients (54.5%) were histologically diagnosed with DN. Fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were associated with the presence of DN, whereas baseline renal function showed no statistically significant relationship to DN. The duration of DM was not associated with the presence of DN. Patients with DN had a higher rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR) than those with non‐DN (DN 18 patients vs non‐DN three patients, P = 0.00029). DN patients with DR showed a more severe renal histology than those without.ConclusionsThese data suggest that, even for patients with long‐term DM, renal biopsy should be carried out in patients with presumed DN. Because treatment options differ between DN and primary glomerulopathies, renal biopsy should especially be considered for presumed DN without DR.
FlexParamCurve: R package for flexible fitting of nonlinear parametric curves
Authors: Oswald Stephen A. , Nisbet Ian C. T. , Chiaradia Andre , Arnold Jennifer M. 
Published: August 2012

Summary1. Nonlinear, parametric curve‐fitting provides a framework for understanding diverse ecological and evolutionary trends (e.g. growth patterns and seasonal cycles). Currently, parametric curve‐fitting requires a priori assumptions of curve trajectories, restricting their use for exploratory analyses. Furthermore, use of analytical techniques [nonlinear least‐squares (NLS) and nonlinear mixed‐effects models] for complex parametric curves requires efficient choice of starting parameters.2. We illustrate the new R package FlexParamCurve that automates curve selection and provides tools to analyse nonmonotonic curve data in NLS and nonlinear mixed‐effects models. Examples include empirical and simulated data sets for the growth of seabird chicks.3. By automating curve selection and parameterization during curve‐fitting, FlexParamCurve extends current possibilities for parametric analysis in ecological and evolutionary studies.
THE ELEPHANT AND THE SCAFFOLD: RESPONSE TO KELLY OLIVER
Authors: MARDER ELISSA 
Published: August 2012

abstractThis paper responds to Kelly Oliver's “See Topsy ‘Ride the Lightning’: The Scopic Machinery of Death” by questioning the presuppositions and implications of her discussion of the spectacle of elephant executions and their relation to Derrida's writings about animals and the death penalty. This paper proposes to reframe the approach to Derrida's reflections on the death penalty and its problematic relation to the category of the human by focusing on the double function of the concept of the scaffold in his writings. Rather than looking at it as a spectacle or as an object for visual studies, I show that the scaffold is a paradoxical concept and has a double (and duplicitous) function in the conceptual founding of human law and human rights, as it is both the architectonic philosophical principle of the rational executive function of the law and the name for the purely mechanical technological machine that carries out the death penalty. In either case, however, the scaffold serves as a nonhuman prosthetic without which the concept of a just and humane and properly “human” law is shown to be untenable.
RIGOR; OR, STUPID USELESSNESS
Authors: BENNINGTON GEOFFREY 
Published: August 2012

abstractIn his seminars on the death penalty, Derrida consistently describes Kant's arguments in favor of capital punishment as “rigorous” and explicitly relates that rigor to the mechanisms of execution and the subsequent rigor mortis of the corpse. ‘Rigor’ has also often been a contested term in descriptions of deconstruction: different commentators have either deplored or celebrated the presence or the absence of rigor in Derrida's work. Derrida himself uses the term a good deal throughout his career, usually in a positive sense, although he also at least once, in passing, suggests the need to question the rigor of the concept of rigor itself. In this paper, I will outline the place of Kant in the Death Penalty Seminars and suggest that it is the very rigor attributed to Kant that makes him (rather than some other writers—whether supporters or opponents of the death penalty—whose arguments seem less rigorous to Derrida) an exemplary object for deconstructive attention, not for the first time in Derrida's work. Broadening the focus beyond the texts Derrida explicitly analyzes, I suggest that this kind of attention can also be fruitfully brought to bear on some more general arguments in Kant about right and justice. In conclusion, I suggest some implications of this situation for the still difficult issue of the more general relation between deconstruction and critique in the Kantian sense.
KANT'S RETREAT, HUGO'S ADVANCE, FREUD'S ERECTION; OR, DERRIDA'S DISPLACEMENTS IN HIS DEATH PENALTY LECTURES
Authors: DUTOIT THOMAS 
Published: August 2012

abstractThis article analyzes the role played by Immanuel Kant's defense of the death penalty, in the first and the second years of Jacques Derrida's Death Penalty Seminars, delivered from 1999 to 2001. Regarding the first year, the initial part of this article charts how Derrida introduces Kant's writings that purport to elaborate the categorical imperative of the death penalty, not by Kant's primary arguments but rather precisely through Kant's concession of an exception to this categorical imperative, concerning the impunity of a mother's infanticide. Derrida's lectures juxtapose Kant's philosophy of the death penalty with Victor Hugo's claim for the inviolability of life, and in doing so, the sessions introduce other examples of the applicability of the death penalty to mothers who have killed their children. What is at stake is the status of philosophy relative to the death penalty. Concerning the second year, the latter part of this article isolates the logic of Kant's categorical imperative, as deconstructed by Derrida, through recourse to the additions that Kant was obliged to append to his initial argument—those involving precisely sex crimes. The article follows how Derrida thoroughly takes apart both the simplicity of Kant's categorical imperative of the death penalty by means of the complications that are its abyssal foundation and the phallogocentrism of Freud's sexual oppositions through the extraction of insights into another thinking of sexual difference that Freud's categories foreclosed.
Equations for CT dose calculations on axial lines based on the principle of symmetry
Authors: Li Xinhua , Zhang Da , Liu Bob 
Published: August 2012

Purpose:Radiation dose from CT examination depends on the position relative to the irradiated region in the longitudinal direction. The objective of this work is to present a mechanism for calculating dose at any point on a line parallel to the axis of rotation.Methods:In a medium that is uniform in the z direction, the cumulative dose at the midpointDL(0) of the irradiated length (L) increases with L
until the equilibrium dose (Deq) is reached. Using the approach to equilibrium function, H(L) = DL(0)/Deq, the authors formulated equations for calculating dose at an arbitrary point on an axial line.Results:Dose calculation examples are presented for multidetector CT (MDCT) and micro‐CT.Conclusions:The new equations are suited for any functional form ofH(L), and can be used for dose evaluations in MDCT, micro‐CT, cone‐beam CT, and other cases with media that are approximately uniform along the z direction.
Is hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement only for athletes?
Authors: Malviya Ajay , Stafford Giles H , Villar Richard N 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the outcome of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) between athletes and non-athletes.MethodsThe authors prospectively collected data on 122 patients, the largest comparative series reported, who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAI. Of these, 80 actively participated in sporting activities (athletes), while 42 did not (non-athletes). Patients were asked to complete questionnaires for the modified Harris hip score (MHHS), non-arthritic hip score (NAHS), patient satisfaction on a visual analogue scale (VAS). This was collected immediately before surgery, and at 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after the procedure. The responses to the MHHS questionnaire were used to calculate the quality-of-life (QoL) score using the Rosser index matrix.ResultsA significant improvement in the MHHS, NAHS and QoL was observed at 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after surgery (p<0.001). The 6-week MHHS (p=0.01) and NAHS (p=0.04) for the athletes were significantly better as compared with non-athletes. However, the 6-month and 1-year MHHS, NAHS and QoL scores were statistically similar for both groups.ConclusionsIn this large, prospective series of patients we have demonstrated the positive impact of arthroscopic surgery for FAI in both the athletic and non-athletic population. Arthroscopic management of FAI is thus not the sole domain of the athletic patient. Non-athletes can do just as well.