bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Age and Etching Technique on the Microleakage in Class-V Composite Restorations: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Bhullar Kanwalpreet Kaur , Handa Aashish , Khurana Surbhi , Sran Sukhman Singh 
Published: June 2024

Aim: The objective of current research was to evaluate the impact of patient’s age on the microleakage in Class-V composite restorations.
Study Design: Research article.
Methodology: 30 permanent human molars from various age groups (n=10 each) were collected. The teeth were categorized based on age, Group I (less than 30 years), Group II (30-50 years), and Group III (more than 50 years), standardized Class-V tooth preparations were prepared. Subsequently, each group has further two subgroups: selective enamel etching (Sb A) and self-etching (Sb B), using universal adhesive (3M single bond). Following this, restoration of teeth were done using Z350 composite, and microleakage was analysed by dye penetration method via stereomicroscope and corresponding scoring were recorded. Mann- Whitney Test and Kruskal- Wallis Test was done for statistical analysis.
Results: The group III subgroup A and B showed highest microleakage (2.40 and 2.80) followed by group II (1.20 and 1.60) and least in group I (0.40 and 0.80) respectively (P<.005). Therefore, more microleakage was seen with self-etch group as compare to selective etch.
Conclusion: Influence of age of patient had significant impact on Class-V restorations. Also, more microleakage was observed in self-etch group as compared to that of selective etch technique.
Titanium‐Based Anode Materials for Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Zonghai , Belharouak Ilias , Sun Y.‐K. , Amine Khalil 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries have been long considered a promising energy storage technology for electrification of the transportation system. However, the poor safety characteristics of lithium‐ion batteries is one of several technological barriers that hinder their deployment for automobile applications. Within the field of battery research and development, titanium‐based anode materials have recently attracted widespread attention due to their significantly better thermal stability than the conventional graphite anode. In this chapter, the fundamental properties and promising electrochemical performance of titanium‐based anode materials will be discussed for applications in hybrid electric vehicles.
Salivary concentration of progesterone and cortisol significantly differs across individuals after correcting for blood hormone values
Authors: Konishi Shoko , Brindle Eleanor , Guyton Amanda , O'Connor Kathleen A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBetween‐individual variation of salivary progesterone (P4) and cortisol levels does not always closely reflect blood hormone concentrations. This may be partly a function of individual differences in salivary hormone excretion. We tested whether time of day at sampling and ethnicity contributed to individual variation in salivary hormones after adjusting for blood hormone levels. Forty‐three Caucasian and 15 Japanese women (18–34 years) collected four sets of matched dried blood spot (DBS) and saliva specimens across a menstrual cycle (N = 232 specimen sets). Linear fixed‐effects (LFE) models were used to estimate the effects of diurnal variation and ethnicity on salivary P4 and cortisol while adjusting for DBS levels. For each hormone, women with exclusively positive or negative residuals (unexplained variance) from the LFE models were categorized as high‐ or low‐saliva‐to‐DBS hormone ratio (SDR; high or low salivary secretors), respectively. We found that salivary P4 (P < 0.05) was significantly higher in early morning compared to the afternoon, after controlling for DBS levels, ethnicity, and BMI. After further adjusting for this diurnal effect, significant individual variation in salivary P4 and cortisol remained: sixteen and nine women, respectively were categorized as low or high salivary secretors for both hormones (P < 0.001), suggesting systematic individual‐specific variation of salivary hormonal concentration. We conclude that when saliva is used to quantify P4 or cortisol levels, time of day at sampling should be controlled. Even with this adjustment, salivary P4 and cortisol do not closely mirror between‐ individual variation of serum P4 and cortisol in a substantial proportion of individuals. Am J Phys Anthropol 149:231–241, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of cellulose content on the enzyme activity in the saccharification digests of furfural residues
Authors: Liu H. Q. , Feng Y. , Zhao D. Q. , Jiang J. X. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTFurfural residues, lignocellulosic residues from commercial furfural production, generally consist of cellulose, lignin, and a rather low amount of residual hemicellulose. They represent the most promising potential sources of biomass that are cheap and readily available in large quantities. Furfural residues with cellulose contents of 51.92%, 68.49%, 83.88%, and 94.92% were hydrolysed by a mixture of cellulase and β‐glucosidase with an enzyme loading rate of 7.5 filter paper units/g and 15 cellobiase units/g of cellulose, respectively. We evaluated the filter paper activities of the digested furfural residues containing various cellulose concentrations. Both adsorption and desorption of the cellulase mixture to the lignocellulosic substrate were compared according to the filter paper activities of the digests. The higher the cellulose content of the lignocellulosic substrate, the higher was the apparent adsorption and desorption of the cellulase mixture; this indicates considerable adsorption between the enzyme and the lignin in the furfural residues. The glucose yield of furfural residues increased incrementally according to the cellulose content of the substrate. The highest glucose yield was obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysate of the furfural residue with a cellulose content of 94.92% after a 72‐h saccharification. Furfural residues can be easily hydrolysed to fermentable sugars with mixtures of cellulase and β‐glucosidase. Therefore, furfural residues are potential biomass resources for cellulosic ethanol production. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilization of dill (Anethum Graveolens L.) catalase and its properties
Authors: Arabaci Gulnur , Usluoglu Ayse 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTOver the last decade, enzyme immobilization has become more important in industry and biotechnology. In this study, catalase from dill (Anethum graveolens L.) plant was immobilized covalently with glutaraldehyde onto chitosan particles. The pH and temperature optima as well as the changes in the kinetics of the immobilized and free dill catalase were determined. The Km value for immobilized catalase (35 mM) was higher about 1.5‐fold than that of free enzyme (24 mM). Optimum temperature was observed at 40 °C, a 10 °C higher than that of the free enzyme and was significantly broader. The optimum pH was same for both free and immobilized catalase (pH 7.0). Immobilized catalase showed higher storage stabilities than free catalase. Thermal stability increased with immobilization. Free catalase lost all its activity, whereas immobilized catalase lost 45% of its activity within 60 days incubation period at 4 °C. Free catalase lost all its activity within 5 days, whereas immobilized catalase lost 65% of its activity within 60 days at 25 °C. The remaining activity of the catalase was about 70% after 10 cycles of batch operation. It was observed that operational, thermal and storage stabilities of the enzyme increased with immobilization. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study on the interaction between lead and serum albumin
Authors: Zuorro Antonio , Lavecchia Roberto 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe interaction between lead (Pb2+) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied in the temperature range of 10–40 °C through metal‐titration experiments under equilibrium conditions. Lead binding to BSA was monitored by measuring the intensity changes in the difference absorption band at 243 nm following the addition of increasing amounts of lead ions to an aqueous solution at constant protein concentration (2.5 × 10−5 M). The equilibrium binding data were found to be well described by a Langmuir‐type equation, with an almost temperature‐independent saturation value. According to the estimated ΔH0 and ΔS0, the binding of Pb2+ to BSA was both enthalpy‐driven and entropy‐driven, with the entropic contribution providing the major driving force. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of lipid vesicles entrapping iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Petralito Stefania , Spera Romina , Memoli Adriana , D'Inzeo Guglielmo , Liberti Micaela , Apollonio Francesca 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTNanometric assemblies, activated and controlled through external stimuli, represent an innovative stage in the development of multifunctional therapeutics. In particular, magnetite nanoparticles embedded in liposomes represent submicrometric carriers that can be activated by external magnetic fields, showing high efficacy in reaching tumor cells offering new exciting opportunities towards the development of active targeting systems. Actually, synthesis and characterization of such nanoscale carriers, as well as the assessment of their entrapment capacity, is of great interest for the scientific community. We report here the formation and the characterization of magnetoliposomes (MLs): phospholipid vesicles encapsulating magnetite nanoparticles. MLs were prepared by embedding hydrophilic nanoparticles of commercially available carboxymethyl‐dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide particles inside the vesicles at different lipid/nanoparticles ratios. Liposomes were prepared by the thin lipid film hydration method: a fixed amount of lipids was dissolved in organic solvent and the obtained solution was evaporated until dryness. Then the dry lipid film was hydrated with a buffered aqueous solution of different concentrations of carboxymethyl‐dextran coated magnetite. The resulting MLs, heterogeneous in their size, were extruded through polycarbonate membranes to obtain homogeneous size of unilamellar vesicles. Size exclusion chromatography was used to remove non‐entrapped nanoparticles. Magnetite content was determined by 1,10‐phenanthroline (Kiwada assay) and Belikov methods and also by flame absorption spectrometry. Physical characterization was performed by dynamic light scattering to determine the mean particles diameter, the size distribution, and theζ‐potential. Physical stability of MLs stored at 4 °C was investigated up to 4 weeks to assess the effect on time of the entrapment of the nanoparticles within the liposomes. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracorporeal membrane blood oxygenators: effect of membrane wetting on gas transfer and device performance
Authors: Di Paola L. , Terrinoni A. R. , Vitale F. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTHollow fiber contactors are successfully used as blood oxygenators in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); the optimization of these devices relies on a full comprehension of transport mechanisms involving respiratory gasses. This phenomenon is not clearly understood although it strongly affects blood oxygenators' performance.This work presents a model for countercorrent ECMO oxygenators, accounting for both membrane wetting and chemical reactions occurring in these systems. In the first part of the paper, the theoretical framework is presented; later, membrane wetting is analyzed and it is shown its effect on the overall mass transfer coefficients. Namely, it comes to light that membrane wetting strongly reduces membrane performances in terms of gasses transport and of respiratory quotient. Copyright © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Analysis of a Series of Human Renal Organic Anion Transporter Inhibitors
Authors: Wei Yuhui , Xi Lili , Yao Xiaojun , Li Jiazhong , Wu Xinan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOrganic anion transporters (OATs) have been proved to play important roles in the membrane transport of numerous potentially toxic xenobiotics, drugs, and endogenous metabolites. In general, OATs substrates can compete with one another for the transporter to mutually decrease renal secretion and thus delay the clearance and prolong the duration of action of each compound. Such interactions have the potential to bring about adverse outcomes for clinical cases. Therefore, it is very important to assess the molecular bioactivity to inhibit OATs during the development of new drugs and co‐administration. In this work, the relationships between 45 chemicals and their corresponding hOAT1 and hOAT3 inhibitory activities were analyzed. The quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed by genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression method. The predictive power of the proposed model was strictly evaluated, and the applicability domain was also defined. The proposed models were robust and satisfactory and could provide a feasible and effective tool for hOAT1 or hOAT3 inhibitor screening.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of a Novel Series of Heterocyclic α‐Aminophosphonates
Authors: Abdel‐Megeed Mohamed F. , Badr Badr E. , Azaam Mohamed M. , El‐Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTwo series of novel α‐aminophosphonates having heterocyclic moieties were synthesized in high yields. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR and MS spectral data. These compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (NCIM2065) as a Gram‐negative bacterium, Bacillus subtilis (PC1219) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25292) as Gram‐positive bacteria, and Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the synthesized compounds show high antibacterial and antifungal activities at low concentrations (10–1000 µg/mL). Furthermore, their lethal doses indicated that such compounds are safe for use as antimicrobial agents.
Evaluating four mathematical models for nitrous oxide production by autotrophic ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria
Authors: Ni Bing‐Jie , Yuan Zhiguo , Chandran Kartik , Vanrolleghem Peter A. , Murthy Sudhir 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThere is increasing evidence showing that ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are major contributors to N2O emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Although the fundamental metabolic pathways for N2O production by AOB are now coming to light, the mechanisms responsible for N2O production by AOB in WWTP are not fully understood. Mathematical modeling provides a means for testing hypotheses related to mechanisms and triggers for N2O emissions in WWTP, and can then also become a tool to support the development of mitigation strategies. This study examined the ability of four mathematical model structures to describe two distinct mechanisms of N2O production by AOB. The production mechanisms evaluated are (1) N2O as the final product of nitrifier denitrification with NO as the terminal electron acceptor and (2) N2O as a byproduct of incomplete oxidation of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) to NO. The four models were compared based on their ability to predict N2O dynamics observed in three mixed culture studies. Short‐term batch experimental data were employed to examine model assumptions related to the effects of (1) NH concentration variations, (2) dissolved oxygen (DO) variations, (3) NO accumulations and (4) NH2OH as an externally provided substrate. The modeling results demonstrate that all these models can generally describe the NH, NO, and NO data. However, none of these models were able to reproduce all measured N2O data. The results suggest that both the denitrification and NH2OH pathways may be involved in N2O production and could be kinetically linked by a competition for intracellular reducing equivalents. A unified model capturing both mechanisms and their potential interactions needs to be developed with consideration of physiological complexity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 153–163. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non-operative management of acute cholecystitis in the elderly
Authors: McGillicuddy E A , Schuster K M , Barre K , Suarez L , Hall M R , Kaml G J , Davis K A , Longo W E 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Although cholecystectomy is the standard therapy for acute cholecystitis (AC), operative morbidity in the elderly may be high owing to medical co-morbidities and decreased physiological reserve. Outcomes of AC in the elderly have not been fully defined with regard to operative and long-term non-operative management.

Methods
Patients aged 65 years or over admitted to a tertiary care centre with a diagnosis of AC between January 2000 and December 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Patient data, operative and postoperative details were obtained. To determine cholecystectomy rates in the non-operative group, medical records were reviewed, and patients and families were interviewed.

Results
A total of 290 patients underwent cholecystectomy during the index admission, of whom 59 (20·3 per cent) required conversion to open operation. Fifty-eight of these patients experienced 98 complications, including acute respiratory failure (27), pneumonia (18), myocardial infarction (16) and sepsis (15). Some 185 patients had non-operative treatment, of whom 67 underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy. Forty-four patients subsequently had elective cholecystectomy, with a complication rate of 23 per cent. One hundred and twenty-six patients were discharged without a plan for cholecystectomy; the rate of recurrent AC was 4 per cent among the two-thirds of patients followed to within 15 months of death. No deaths or major complications occurred among those with recurrent AC.

Conclusion
Despite selection of the best elderly candidates for cholecystectomy, postoperative morbidity was significant. Medical management, with interval cholecystectomy only for recurrent AC, may be appropriate in selected patients.
Chemical Proteomics Reveals Heat Shock Protein 60 To Be the Main Cellular Target of the Marine Bioactive Sesterterpene Suvanine
Authors: Cassiano Chiara , Monti Maria Chiara , Festa Carmen , Zampella Angela , Riccio Raffaele , Casapullo Agostino 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMarine bioactive compounds are potential drug leads because of their diverse pharmacological effects against human diseases. The identification of their cellular targets is crucial for a rational approach to their application in medicinal chemistry. Thus, we have analyzed the cell interactome of suvanine, a sulfated tricyclic terpenoid of marine origin endowed with an interesting anti‐inflammatory activity, by application of a chemical proteomic approach. Heat Shock Protein 60, a chaperone involved in the inflammatory response, is the main cellular target of suvanine, which is also able to interfere with protein chaperone activity, giving evidence for its anti‐inflammatory properties.
Model‐free multivariate curve resolution combined with model‐based kinetics: algorithm and applications
Authors: Sawall Mathias , Börner Armin , Kubis Christoph , Selent Detlef , Ludwig Ralf , Neymeyr Klaus 
Published: July 2012

Multivariate curve resolution techniques are powerful tools to extract from sequences of spectra of a chemical reaction system the number of independent chemical components, their associated spectra, and the concentration profiles in time. Usually, these solutions are not unique because of the so‐called rotational ambiguity.In the present work, we reduce the non‐uniqueness by enforcing the consistency of the computed concentration profiles with a given kinetic model. Traditionally, the kinetic modeling is realized in a separate step, which follows the multivariate curve resolution procedure. In contrast to this, we consider a hybrid approach that combines the model‐free curve resolution technique with the model‐based kinetic modeling in an overall optimization. For a two‐component model problem, the range of possible solutions is analyzed, and its reduction to a single, unique solution by means of the hybrid kinetic modeling is shown. The algorithm reduces the rotational ambiguity and improves the quality of the kinetic fitting. Numerical results are also presented for a multi‐component catalytic reaction system that obeys the Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen Migrations in Alkylcycloalkyl Radicals: Implications for Chain‐Branching Reactions in Fuels
Authors: Davis Alexander C. , Tangprasertchai Narin , Francisco Joseph S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA thorough understanding of the oxidation chemistry of cycloalkanes is integral to the development of alternative fuels and improving current fuel performance. An important class of reactions essential to this chemistry is the hydrogen migration; however, they have largely been omitted from the literature for cycloalkanes. The present work investigates all of the hydrogen migration reactions available to methylcyclopentane, ethylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, and ethylcyclohexane. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters have been studied by a combination of computational methods and compared to their corresponding n‐alkyl and methylalkyl counterparts to determine the effect that the cycloalkane ring has on these reactions. In particular, although the alkylcycloalkyl activation energies for the dominant 1,4, 1,5, and 1,6 H‐migration are higher than in n‐alkyl and methylalkyl radicals, because several of the rotors needed to form the transition state are locked into place as part of the cycloalkane ring, the A‐factors are higher for the alkylcycloalkyl reactions, making the rates closer to the noncyclic systems, at higher temperatures. The results presented here suggest that the relative importance of each H‐migration pathway differs from the trends predicted by either the n‐alkyl or methylalkyl radical systems. Of particular interest is the observation that since the barrier height of the 1,4 H‐migration is only 3–5 kcal mol−1 higher than the 1,5 H‐migration in the methyl and ethylcycloalkyl radicals, compared to a difference of roughly 7 kcal mol−1 in similar reactions for both the n‐alkyl and methylalkyl radicals, the 1,4 H‐migrations in alkylcycloalkyl radicals will be more important in the overall mechanism than would be predicted based on the n‐alkyl and methylalkyl radicals. These results have important combustion model implications, particularly for fuels with high cycloalkane content.
Sensitive Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Thiols Based on SeN Bond Cleavage: Imaging in Living Cells and Tissues
Authors: Wang Rui , Chen Lingxin , Liu Ping , Zhang Qin , Wang Yunqing 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCy‐NiSe and Cy‐TfSe were designed and synthesized as sensitive near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes for detecting thiols on the basis of SeN bond cleavage both in cells and in tissues. Since a donor‐excited photoinduced electron transfer (d‐PET) process occurs between the modulator and the fluorophore, Cy‐NiSe and Cy‐TfSe have weak fluorescence. On titration with glutathione, the free dye exhibits significant fluorescence enhancement. The two probes are sensitive and selective for thiols over other relevant biological species. They can function rapidly at pH 7.4, and their emission lies in the NIR region. Confocal imaging confirms that Cy‐NiSe and Cy‐TfSe can be used for detecting thiols in living cells and tissues.