bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What makes a fish a suitable host for Monogenea in the Mediterranean?
Authors: Caro A. , Combes C. , Euzet L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMonogenean richness of marine fish is highly variable among host families and species. On the basis of 160 fish species selected because their parasite fauna was considered as ‘adequately’ investigated, an attempt was made to find associations between parasite richness and various characters of the hosts. No clear correlation was found with maximal size, although the smallest species (less than 10cm) seem to never harbour monogeneans. Correlations were found with nectonic, migrating and gregarious behaviours. However, taxonomy of fish appears to be extremely important as a determinant of monogenean richness. In the absence of a satisfactory phylogeny of hosts, no attempt was made to control the analysis for phylogeny. However, removing some families characterized by a high parasite richness (sparids, sciaenids, mugilids) shows that the association with gregariousness holds, whereas the others tend to disappear.
Chromosomes of Acanthocephalus lucii
Authors: Mutafova T. , Nedeva I. , Kanev I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChromosomes of Acanthocephalus lucii (Muller, 1776) were observed using conventional staining techniques. The number of chromosomes in females and in their developing eggs (2n = 8) as well as the mean (La) and relative length (Lr) of the chromosomes and the localization of the centromere (Ic) were determined. Peculiarities in the behaviour of the chromosomes are also described.
Evaluation of an enzymatic immunohistochemical technique in human trichinellosis
Authors: Ben G.J.M. , Malmassari S.L. , Nuñez G.G. , Costantino S.N. , Venturiello S.M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA comparative study was undertaken between an enzymatic immunohistochemical technique (EIT) developed for the diagnosis of human trichinellosis and the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), analysing sera from outbreaks of human trichinellosis in Argentina. The HIT was developed using a biotinylated anti-human gammaglobulin and a preformed macromolecular complex of avidin and biotinylated peroxidase. In both tests, the antigen used consisted of infected rat tissue sections containing muscle larval cysts of Trichinella spiralis. Results showed that the HIT closely correlated with IIP and also allowed diagnosis at an early stage of infection, thus helping to provide effective treatment for the disease. When the test was performed on sera from healthy individuals and those with other parasitic infections, cross-reactions were observed only with sera from patients with toxocariasis (1/8), Chagas' disease (3/17) and four out of 100 healthy individuals. No cross-reactions were observed with sera from patients with toxoplasmosis (0/7) or hydatidosis (0/8). Assay sensitivity was 100% and its specificity 93%. Since it renders no false negative results, BIT is an effective screening tool for detecting infection and should prove to be an important diagnostic technique for trichinellosis in rural areas and for epidemiological surveys.
The relative importance of bladder versus neotenic stages of Polystoma marmorati and P. umthakathi in natural frog populations in South Africa
Authors: Du Preez L.H. , Kok D.J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInfection levels of Polystoma marmorati (Polystomatidae: Monogenea) in the painted reed frog, Hyperolius marmoratus, and P. umthakathi in the kloof frog, Natalobatrachus bonebergi, were studied under natural conditions. The recorded prevalence for P. marmorati was generally high in adult frogs and low in tadpoles. In the case of P. umthakathi, the opposite was found with a low prevalence in adult frogs and a very high prevalence in tadpoles. Based on these findings, the hypothesis is presented that for P. marmorati the neotenic stage does not play a determining role and the population is maintained by bladder parasites. For P. umthakathi the neotenic stage appears to be more important than the bladder parasite and the population can probably survive without any significant contribution from bladder parasites.
Population dynamics of and larval trematode interactions with Lymnaea tomentosa and the potential for biological control of schistosome dermatitis in Bremner Bay, Lake Wanaka, New Zealand
Authors: Davis N.E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLymnaea tomentosa, the intermediate host of a schistosome which causes schistosome dermatitis in Lake Wanaka, was found to depths of 16 m. The snail recruits in January, lives for up to 21 months, is associated with all water plant species and is found in areas devoid of macroscopic plants. It is host to several trematode species. Avian schistosome infections appear in the spring when echinostome prevalence is low, and a decrease in schistosome prevalence may be correlated with an increase in echinostome prevalence during the summer. A multiple-kind lottery model analysis of parasite species richness implies that interspecific interactions may be occurring in the host snail during the months of December and January.
Specific gravity of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs
Authors: Harnnoi T. , Wijit A. , Morakote N. , Pipitgool V. , Maleewong W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe specific gravity of the eggs of the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini was determined using a sucrose gradient centrifugation and found to range from 1.2713 to 1.3043. The peak egg count was located at the sucrose fraction with a specific gravity of 1.2814. An attempt to float eggs in saturated sodium nitrate solution, sp.gr. 1.4, failed. Examination of human stool specimens for O. viverrini eggs by simple flotation in saturated sodium nitrate solution and the formol-ether sedimentation technique revealed that the flotation technique was not as efficient as the sedimentation technique. It was suggested that the flotation techniques were inappropriate for the detection of O. viverrini eggs in faeces or contaminated soil.
A Study of the Gastrodiscinae Monticelli, 1892 (Gastrodiscidae: Paramphistomoidea)
Authors: Willmott Shiela , Pester F. R. N. 
Published: June 2009

All three genera of the Gastrodiscinae, namely, Gastrodiscus Leuckart, 1877, Homalogaster Poirier, 1883 and Gastrodiscoides Leiper, 1913 are shown to lack a true pars prostatica and cirrus pouch. The two last-mentioned have some part of the male ducts provided with cilia and all three possess papillae on the ventral surface; these papillae are demonstrated to have a very different structure in each of the three genera. These and the male ducts are described and the subfamily Gastrodiscinae and the genus Gastrodiscoides are redefined.Gastrodiscoides hominis is recorded from a Rhesus monkey.
Oligapta manteri sp. nov. (Axinidae: Monogenoidea) and Pseudothoracocotyle scomberomori sp. nov. (Gastrocotylidae: Monogenoidea) from South Pacific Fishes
Authors: Young P. C. 
Published: June 2009

Oligapla manteri sp. nov. is described from the gills of Hernirham phus sp. from Noumea, New Caledonia. It differs from the existing species in the genus, O. oligapta because the atrial spines are res tricted to a circle of 16, the penis is armed with 47 anteriorly directed, pear-like spines, and the sclerotization of the copulation canal is conical. Pseudothoracocotyle scomberomori sp. nov. is described from the gills of Scornberomorus commersoni from Heron Island, and Green Island, Queensland, Australia. The new species differs from the existing species in the genus, P. ovalis, because the genital pore is not sclerotized, there are two pores to the copulation canal, and the clamps are more numerous and larger.I should like to thank Dr. H. W. Manter of the Department of Zoology, University of Nebraska who very kindly gave me the specimens of Oligapta manteri; Dr. W. W. Becklund of Beltsville Parasitological Laboratory, U.S.A. who kindly lent me cotypes of T. crocea, and Dr. J. C. Pearson of the Department of Parasitology, University of Queensland for his help during the study.
Biometrical Observations on Shells ofLimnaeaSpecies
Authors: Peters B. G. 
Published: June 2009

1. In differentiating between species of snails various ratios of shell dimensions are frequently used as biological constants descriptive of the species. Some of the ratios commonly used are: length to breadth (L/B), length to length of body-whorl (L/W), length to length of shell aperture (L/l), and length of shell aperture to its breadth (1/b). Mean and extreme values of these ratios are given for small samples of five species ofLimnaea.2. InL. palustristhe least variable of these simple ratios is L/W and the next best is L/l. Statistics are given for the distributions of these two ratios.3. Data collected by Mozley are used to show that inL. palustristhe ratio L/l (at least) is subject to considerable local variation, a fact which detracts from its value as a species constant.
Further Observations on the Seasonal Variation in Worm Egg Output in Scottish Hill Sheep
Authors: Morgan D. O. , Parnell I. W. , Rayski C. 
Published: June 2009

From the study of the worm egg output of nearly fifteen hundred sheep on many hill farms in Scotland it has been shown that:-(i) Worm egg output in ewes and gimmers is lowest in early winter and highest in spring and early summer; this is followed by a marked decrease towards the winter months.(ii) Generally in ewe hoggs the worm egg output is the same as that in older sheep, but shows greater variability; on occasion the spring peak may be absent.(iii) The level of worm egg output of hoggs is generally higher than that of older sheep, and in this respect gimmers tend to fall between hoggs and ewes.(iv) Weather conditions may have an influence on the height and duration of the spring peak of worm egg production.
On Pseudophysaloptera formosana formosana (Yokogawa, 1922) Lincicome, 1948 from Sorex perroteti in India
Authors: Farooqui Nasrullah , Ali S. Mehdi 
Published: June 2009

A single pair of this interesting worm was once collected from a common shrew Sorex perroteti.These are fairly thick and stout worms with creamy white colour and thick striated cuticle. The body is almost cylindrical throughout its length except at the extremities where it is slightly attenuated, more so in the posterior region which ends in a slightly bifid tip in the female. The cuticle is very much inflated not only in the posterior region surrounding the tail but the inflation continues anteriorly all along the length of the body. Near the anterior extremity the cuticle is more prominently inflated to form a bulbous collar round the base of the lips. The lips are very prominent and each possesses three fairly well developed teeth, a pair of well developed sub-median papillae and an equally prominent amphid lateral in position is also present.
Paralutztrema hylacichlae n.g., n.sp., a Dicrocoeliine Fluke from the Louisiana Wood Thrush, Hylacichla mustelina (Gmelin)
Authors: Carroll Faust Ernest 
Published: June 2009

As a result of their feeding habits, birds of 36 or more families have proved to be susceptible to a large number of dicrocoeliine trematodes living principally in the bile ducts and gall-bladder of their hosts (Faust, 1966). As more species of avian hosts are examined and their liver flukes studied, additional species are described and previously recognized species are reported from new hosts and new geographical areas (Lumsden and Zischke, 1963).In 1958, Yamaguti differentiated Dicrocoeliinae Looss, 1899 into 8 tribes, one of which he named Lutztrematini, having as cardinal characters an acetabulum much larger than oral sucker and testes tandem or diagonal; single genus Lutztrema Travassos, 1941 and L. obliquum (Travassos, 1917) as type species. The avian dicrocoeliine species described in this communication has important morphological characters agreeing with the Lutztrematini and others lacking agreement. In consequence, it has seemed necessary to create a new genus, Paralutztrema, related to, but generically separate from Lutztrema.
Digenetic Trematodes from the Domestic Fowl in Ghana
Authors: Hodasi J. K. M. 
Published: June 2009

1. Two new species (Postharmostomum ntowi and Eptsthmium ghanense) and one previously described species (Episthmium africanum) of digenetic trematodes are recorded from the domestic fowl in Ghana.2. A key has been provided for identification of all the species of Postharmostomum occurring in chickens.3. Episthmium africanum is recorded for the first time from the domestic fowl.
Studies on Larval Trematodes Infecting Freshwater Snails in London (U.K.) and Some Adjoining Areas. Part VI. The Gercariae of the “Vivax” Group and the Life History of Cercaria bushiensis n.sp. (=Cyathocotyle bushiensis n.sp.)
Authors: Khan Daler 
Published: June 2009

Three new species of cercariae of the ‘Vivax’ type are described from London (U.K.) and the classification of this group of cercariae is discussed.The life-cycle of one of the cercariae is studied and different stages are described in detail.
Studies on Spirometra theileri (Baer, 1925) n. comb. 1. Identification and biology in the laboratory
Authors: Opuni E. K. , Muller R. L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe tapeworm Spirometra theileri (Baer, 1925) n. comb., obtained as pleroccrcoids from a wart hog in Tanzania, has been maintained in the laboratory; adults in dogs, and larval stages in Cyclops and then rodents. The species differs physiologically and biologically from those described from other parts of the world in the cyclical production of eggs in dogs, inability of the procercoids to infect amphibia or reptiles, and the lack of any parasite-induced weight gain in mice, rats or hamsters.
The effects of host diet onThelastoma attenuatum(Nematoda: Thelastomatidae) populations in cockroaches
Authors: Peregrine Pauline C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractExperiments were constructed to assess the ellects or changes in the diet ofPeriplaneta americanaonThelastoma attenuatum. Synthetic diets depressed parasitaemia although apparently adequate for the host. However, adult worms were supported best by high carbohydrate levels although protein was necessary for the final moult. Little effect was observed on the distribution of worms within the htndgut although excess roughage appeared to result in a slight backward migration. Egg output per worm remained fairly constant but rose slightly under conditions of extreme stress. Dietary changes affected the size of adult female worms differentially but had little apparent effect on food reserves. Possible reasons for the changes are discussed
OnAllocreadium sudanensissp. nov. (Trematoda: Digenea) from a freshwater fish in the Sudan
Authors: Saoud M. F. A. , Abdel-Hamid M. E. , Ibrahim A. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAllocreadium sudanensissp. nov. is described from a cyprinid fish (Barbus bynni) from the White Nile in the Sudan. The new species is compared with other related species ofAllocreadium.A key for identification of five African species of the genusAllocreadiumis given.The present material was collected by the senior author in January, 1969 from the intestine of a cyprinid fish,Barbus bynni(Forskal), caught from the White Nile at Rabag near Kosti (about 200 miles to the south of Khartoum) in the Sudan. Eighteen trematodes, collected from a single infected fish, were fixed in hot 70% alcohol. Examination of these specimens in whole mounts stained in aceto-alum carmine and in sectioned material revealed that they belong to a hitherto unknown species of trematodes belonging to the genusAllocreadium, Looss (1900) which is described here asAllocreadium sudanensissp.
Effects of “crowding” on endocrine function and retention of the digenean parasite Microphallus pygmaeus in male and female albino mice
Authors: Brayton Anne R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effects of housing density on endocrine organ weights and on retention of the parasite Microphallus pygmaeus by male and female mice arc described. A reduction in gonadal function with increasing housing density was found in each sex. Male mice showed clear evidence of greater adrenocortical activity at higher densities but this was not as clearly defined in females. Animals of both sexes showed a decline in relative weights of both thymus and spleen at the highest densities. The number of parasites recovered, a standard time interval after introduction by stomach tube, was increased significantly in both males and females housed at higher densities. The results suggest that a progressive increase in population density in both male and female mice stimulates pituitary-adrenocortical activity and that there is concomitant suppression of gonadal function. The change in susceptibility to the parasites may also be a direct or indirect consequence of the change in pituitary-adrenocortical activity, on immunological responses or intestinal physiology, such as an increase in the duration of exposure to adverse pH values.
Studies on filariasis. III.Dirofilaria immitis: emergence of infective larvae from the mouthparts ofAedes aegypti
Authors: McGreevy P. B. , Theis J. H. , Lavoipierre M. M. J. , Clark J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInfective larvae ofDirofilaria immitiscommonly escaped from the tips of the Iabella and rarely from the mid-portion of the labium ofAedes aegyptias they engorged blood or just probed on mice. During the infective feed a small quantity of liquid, not more than 1 µI in volume, accumulated around the emerging larvae. Liquid was never seen when uninfected mosquitoes engorged on mice. This fluid is of insect origin and probably haemolymph that exuded from the lumina of the labella or labium during worm emergence. The presence of the fluid prevents dessication of larvae on the surface of the skin and maintains them in a liquid medium until they enter the puncture wound that remains after withdrawal of the biting fascicle. The possible effects of the fluid on the geographical distribution of mosquito borne filariae are discussed.
Two new species of nematodes of lagomorphs and rodents from Iran
Authors: Sadighian A. , Ghadirian E. , Sadjadpour E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo new species of helminths, Fastigiuris prudhoei from Ochotona rufescens Gray, 1842, and Trichuris mofidii from Rhombomys opimus Lichtenstein, 1823, have been identified and described from mammals collected in Iran.
On two new davaineid cestodes from Australian marsupials
Authors: Beveridge Ian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo new species of Calostraurus Sandars, 1957 (Cestoda: Davaineidae) are described from Australian marsupials, C. thylogale from Tliylogale biltardierii and C. mundayt from Potorous apicalis. A redefinition of the genus is given together with tabulated features of the species.
Excretion of Schistosoma mattheei eggs from man, baboons and cattle living in their normal environment
Authors: Pitchford R. J. , Visser P. S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEgg excretion of S. mattheei was studied for about a year from man, baboons and cattle living in their normal environment. Although the excretory pattern was not unequivocal from man, there was a tendency of egg counts to decline with time: the baboons showed a seasonal pattern and the cattle a stable pattern throughout the year.
Variation in the Nematode Egg Content of Sheep Faeces from Day to Day
Authors: Spedding C. R. W. 
Published: June 2009

1. Variations in the nematode egg-content of sheep faeces are discussed and data from an experiment to study such variations are presented.2. Previous work on “within day” variations is confirmed and the “ day to day ” variations are shown to be highly significant.3. The bearing of these variations on sampling technique is discussed.
The Life-History of Limnaea truncatula under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Kendall S. B. 
Published: June 2009

1. This paper describes the life-history of Limnaea truncatula under laboratory conditions.2. Under controlled conditions sexual maturity may be reached in 28 days and egg laying continues for the greater part of the snail's life.3. Under good environmental conditions each snail may lay as many as 60 eggs in a single day and a total of more than 3,000 in a life approximately a year.4. Egg laying occurs during every month and at temperatures as low as 10°C. to 11°C. The incubation period of the egg is related to the atmospheric temperature.5. The longevity of the snail is likely to be related to its rate of growth and to environmental conditions including periods of drought.6. The snail remains fully active at temperatures as low at 1.5°C.Sustained temperatures much above 20°C. are unfavourable, temperaturesabove 25°C. proving markedly deleterious.
Observations on the Development ofSetaria labiatopapillosausing New Techniques for InfectingAedes aegyptiwith this Nematode
Authors: Nelson G. S. 
Published: June 2009

1.The common filarial parasite of cattle in Africa,Setaria labiatopapillosa, has been shown to develop in the mosquitoAedes aegypti. Third stage larvae reached maturity between the 8th and 10th days.2.To avoid feeding mosquitoes on cattle new techniques were developed. Monkeys and rabbits were infected by transplanting adult livingSetariainto then peritoneal cavities. Monkeys, rabbits and rats were also infected by either intraperitoneal or intravenous injections of suspensions of microfilariae extracted from the uteri of adult worms.3.Mosquitoes fed on these substitute hosts were readily infected with theSetaria.4.Mosquitoes were also infected by feeding them on a suspension of microfilariae through membranes of guineapig omentum; the microfilariae were extracted from the uteri of adult worms and suspended in fresh defibrinated rabbit's blood.A few mosquitoes were infected by intrathoracic injections of uterine microfilariae.
Larvicidal effect of flubendazole on Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice with various worm burdens
Authors: Maki Jun , Yanagisawa Toshio 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTFlubendazole given orally at 50mg kg to mice inoculated with 50, 250 or 500 larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis showed almost complete larvicidal effect, irrespective of the worm burden.
Comparison of the protective resistance induced by60Co-irradiated cercariae and schistosomula of the WFFS and NMRI strains ofSchistosoma mansoni
Authors: James E. R. , Dobinson A. R. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTMice, CBA/HT6T6 and C57BL/10, were vaccinated with 1 × 350 or 1 × 500Schistosoma mansonicercariae or schistosomula attenuated with 20 or 56 krad60Co irradiation and challenged with 200 cercariae. Protective resistance against homologous strain challenge was compared using the Winches Farm Field Station (WFFS) and Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) strains ofS. mansoni. Maximal resistance to challenge was obtained in both strains of mice with cercariae or schistosomula of either WFFS or NMRI strain attenuated with 20 krad. Protection using organisms attenuated with 56 krad was significantly lower. Since previous studies with the two parasite strains have shown that the biological effects of irradiation are similar, the difference in the immunogenicity of the 56 krad-irradiated NMRI strain in this study from earlier studies must be due either to different local conditions for irradiation or to adaptation of the NMRI strain to a new laboratory environment. This finding may have important implications for vaccination studies and investigations of the mechanisms of immunity where radiation-attenuated parasites are used.