bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self versus maternal reports of emotional and behavioral difficulties in suicidal and non-suicidal adolescents: An Israeli nationwide survey
Authors: Shoval G. , Mansbach-Kleinfeld I. , Farbstein I. , Kanaaneh R. , Lubin G. , Apter A. , Weizman A. , Zalsman G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThere is relatively little research addressing parent-adolescent agreement as regards to reporting on adolescent suicidal behavior in general and their behavioral and emotional difficulties in particular. The objective of this study was to compare maternal and adolescents’ reports on behavioral and emotional difficulties among adolescents with and without suicidal behavior. This nationally-representative sample included 906 adolescents and their mothers. The mothers and adolescents were interviewed and evaluated separately using the Development and Well-Being Assessment Inventory (DAWBA) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Self-rated SDQ scores of the suicidal adolescents were significantly higher in all SDQ problem scales compared to the non-suicidal participants. In contrast, maternal-rated SDQ assessments failed to discriminate between these groups, except the Hyperactivity scale. We demonstrated that mothers of suicidal adolescents in the community hardly recognize the emotional and behavioral difficulties of their offsprings.ConclusionThe mental examination of the adolescent patient should be maintained as the central and most reliable source of information regarding the suicidal adolescent. Mental health services planning of national suicide prevention programs should take into account these poor mother-adolescent agreement findings.
Outcome of obstetric fistula repair after 10‐day versus 14‐day Foley catheterization
Authors: Nardos Rahel , Menber Birhanu , Browning Andrew 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare outcome between 10‐day and 14‐day bladder drainage after obstetric fistula repair.MethodsIn a randomized prospective study at Hamlin Fistula Center, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, patients presenting with obstetric vesicovaginal fistula between 2007 and 2010 were randomized to undergo 10‐day (group 1) or 14‐day (group 2) postoperative catheterization. Fistulas were categorized via Goh classification. The inclusion criteria were any type of vesicovaginal fistula except circumferential or recurrent.ResultsIn total, 189 women were enrolled: 107 in group 1, and 82 in group 2. The groups were similar in age, parity, duration of labor, and time from injury to surgical repair. There was no significant difference in fistula stage according to the Goh classification (urethral length, P = 0.3; fistula size, P = 0.9; and vaginal scarring, P = 0.3). There were 3 fistula breakdowns in group 1, and 6 in group 2. The difference in cure was not significant (P = 0.15, confidence interval –0.009 to 0.1). There was no significant difference in non‐fistula‐related incontinence or urinary retention after repair.ConclusionThe outcome of postoperative catheterization for 10 days was not inferior to that for 14 days. A similar treatment outcome with a shorter duration of catheterization will have a significant impact on reducing infection and cost.
Women's experience of menopause in rural communities in Orlu, Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Anolue Fredrick C. , Dike Ephraim , Adogu Paschal , Ebirim Chikere 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo document women's experience of menopause in rural communities in Orlu, Eastern Nigeria, and to compare this with urban centers in Nigeria and worldwide.MethodsA total of 349 women who had not menstruated for at least 12 months were included in a questionnaire‐based study. The questionnaire included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, age at menarche and menopause, attitude to menopause, and knowledge and use of hormone replacement therapy. Questionnaires were administered in 13 communities by medical students during the Annual Convention of Christian Women in August 2009.ResultsThe mean age at menopause of the women was 47 ± 4.2 years. Menopausal symptoms were prevalent, and bone and joint pain were the most prevalent symptoms. Knowledge and use of hormone replacement therapy were poor. Most of the women considered the menopause to be beneficial.ConclusionAge at menopause and associated postmenopausal symptoms were similar to those seen in urban centers in Nigeria, but age at menopause was lower than in studies of white women. Despite the apparent positive attitude of Nigerian women to menopause, a program of information and education, and use of hormone replacement therapy will improve quality of life for women in Eastern Nigeria.
Adverse Events Associated With Fluoroscopically Guided Sacroiliac Joint Injections
Authors: Plastaras Christopher T. , Joshi Anand B. , Garvan Cynthia , Chimes Gary P. , Smeal Wesley , Rittenberg Joshua , Lento Paul , Stanos Steven , Fitzgerald Colleen 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveTo describe the type, incidence, and factors that contribute to adverse events associated with fluoroscopically guided intra‐articular sacroiliac joint injections (IASIJ).DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary, academic, outpatient physical medicine and rehabilitation interventional spine clinic.ParticipantsEnglish‐speaking adults aged 18‐90 years who underwent fluoroscopically guided IASIJ injections between March 8, 2004, and April 19, 2007.InterventionsAfter IASIJ injections, 3 senior researchers recorded the presence and types of adverse events. The relationship of adverse events with age, gender, fluoroscopy time, vital signs, and trainee presence was analyzed with the Fisher exact or the Wilcoxon rank sum 2‐sided tests.Main Outcome MeasuresThe frequency of immediate (during or immediately after the procedure) or delayed (within 24‐72 hours after the procedure) adverse events.ResultsA total of 162 patients (133 women) underwent 191 procedures. The range of subject age was from 20 to 90 years (15.8 years, standard deviation [SD]). The range (SD) of the preprocedure 11‐point Likert Pain Scale was from 1.0 to 10.0 (2.0) and for the postprocedure 11‐point Likert Pain Scale was from 0.0 to 9.0 (2.5). Trainees were involved in 57% of the procedures. Reported immediate adverse events were vasovagal reaction (2.1% [n = 4]) and steroid‐clogged needle (0.5% [n = 1]). Follow‐up data were available for 132 of 191 procedures (69%). There were 32 adverse events reported at a mean follow‐up interval of 2 days, of which, the most frequent adverse events were injection‐site soreness (12.9% [n = 17]), pain exacerbation (5.3% [n = 7]), and facial flushing and/or sweating (2.3% [n = 3]). Delayed adverse events decreased with older age (P = .0029). The patients who underwent bilateral procedures experienced more delayed adverse events than the patients who underwent unilateral procedures (P = .024).ConclusionsFluoroscopically guided IASIJ injection is associated with minimal adverse effects. The most common immediate adverse event was vasovagal reaction, and the most common delayed adverse event was injection‐site soreness. Younger age is significantly related to reported delayed adverse events.
The Effects of Concussion Legislation One Year Later—What Have We Learned: A Descriptive Pilot Survey of Youth Soccer Player Associates
Authors: Shenouda Christian , Hendrickson Peter , Davenport Kathleen , Barber Jason , Bell Kathleen R. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveTo assess the knowledge of youth soccer athletes' parents, coaches, and soccer officials regarding concussion and return‐to‐play guidelines contained in the Lystedt Law in Washington State.DesignSurvey study.SettingSurveys were distributed via the youth soccer association monthly electronic newsletter in September and October 2010. Links to the survey also were provided via the Washington Youth Soccer Facebook page and Twitter feed.ParticipantsRespondents were 18 years or older and were associated with Washington Youth Soccer.Main Outcome MeasuresThe percentage of correct responses to questions regarding the identification and management of concussion symptoms and return to play guidelines as outlined in the Lystedt Law.ResultsA total of 391 adults responded; 63% were exclusively parents, 20% were coaches, and 17% were noncoaches (eg, club officers, referees, or volunteers). A total of 96% knew that concussions were a type of traumatic brain injury, 93% identified concussions as serious, and 93% knew that loss of consciousness is not universal. From the responses, 98% identified neurological manifestations of concussions, 90% chose to delay return to play in the presence of neurological symptoms, 85% were aware of the Lystedt Law, and only 73% knew that players must receive written clearance to return to play. A total of 88% were aware that a parent or legal guardian was not allowed to clear an athlete to return to play if a trained professional was not available. Survey respondents were less sure of soccer association guidelines for reporting medical clearance to club officials.ConclusionsThese data suggest that, although general knowledge of parents, coaches, and referees in youth soccer in Washington State is high, gaps in knowledge and practice regarding the prevention of concussion in youth soccer athletes still exist.
Reliability and Repeatability of the Hoffmann Sign
Authors: Annaswamy Thiru M. , Sakai Tomoya , Goetz Lance L. , Pacheco Fides M. , Ozarkar Tejas 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveTo determine the inter‐rater, intrarater, and intrasubject reliability of the Hoffmann sign.DesignObservational, cross‐sectional study.SettingVeterans Affairs medical center.PatientsFifty‐two consenting subjects without amputation of the first through third fingers, fixed finger contractures, relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, or any acute central neurological illness or injury within the past 3 months requiring hospital admission were recruited from inpatients and outpatients in the Spinal Cord Injury and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation services.InterventionsThe Hoffmann sign was elicited by 1 primary and 3 secondary investigators who used a standardized technique. The Hoffmann sign was considered positive if any reflexive flexion of the distal phalanx of the thumb or any of the fingers was present. In the first session, the primary and one secondary examiner performed 2 trials on both hands of each subject. Each investigator pair repeated the procedure in a second session.Main Outcome MeasuresCohen's κ coefficient was calculated to determine (1) inter‐rater reliability, calculated per investigator pair per hand, for the first trial of a session; (2) intrarater reliability, calculated between the 2 trials of each session per investigator; and (3) intrasubject reliability, calculated per hand of each subject between the first trials of the 2 sessions.ResultsInter‐rater κ was 0.65 (188 pairs), intrarater κ was 0.89 (384 pairs), and intrasubject κ was 0.73 (178 pairs). All κ values were obtained with P < .01.ConclusionsThe Hoffmann sign has substantial inter‐rater and intrasubject reliability, in addition to outstanding intrarater reliability, when tested with the use of a standardized technique.
Disparities in Activity Level and Nutrition Between Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C and Blood Donors
Authors: Moon Juhi , Kallman Jillian , Winter Patrice , Srishord Manirath , Fang Yun , Gerber Lynn , Younossi Zobair 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveTo compare physical activity levels and dietary choices of patients who have chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with those of blood donors (BDs).DesignA prospective survey.SettingA liver disease treatment center and a blood donor center from a nonprofit health system.PatientsA total of 149 subjects (93 with CHC and 56 BDs) participated. Subjects were 18 years or older and agreed to participate; those with CHC had no evidence of cirrhosis.MethodsAll subjects provided basic clinical information and completed a nutrition survey, which contained questions about dietary choices and their frequency, and the Human Activity Profile, which measured maximum effort (Maximum Activity Score; MAS) and daily activity (Adjusted Activity Score; AAS).Main Outcomes MeasurementsMAS and AAS scales and 13 indices on the nutrition survey. Independent samples t‐tests, Pearson correlations, and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed.ResultsNo significant differences were found between BDs and patients with CHC in terms of age, gender, race, body mass index, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. Mean body mass index was 27.5, 17.8% had hyperlipidemia, and 9.6% had diabetes. BDs reported significantly more exercise per week (mean: patients with CHC = 193.6 minutes/week and BDs = 280.4 minutes/week; P = .039) and had a significantly greater MAS (mean: patients with CHC = 77.2 and BDs = 87.4, P = .0001) and AAS (mean: patients with CHC = 72.58 and BDs = 83.8, P = .0001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis proposed 2 models predicting AAS: the presence of CHC (R = .445; R2 = .198; adjusted R2 = .184); and the presence of CHC and presence of hypertension (R = .537; R2 = .289; adjusted R2 = .263). BDs consumed significantly more alcohol and starchy foods than did patients with CHC (P = .0001 and P = .031, respectively), which may be explained by the compliance of patients with CHC to their hepatologist's recommendations regarding the minimization of alcohol consumption.ConclusionsPersons with CHC participate in less activity and less vigorous physical activity than do BDs and consume less starch and alcohol. These data about activity level and dietary intake in patients with CHC are novel; few data on these topics have been published previously. Low level of activity adds a substantial risk to this overweight CHC population, many of whom have multiple components of metabolic syndrome.
Late Quaternary glacial–interglacial variations in sediment supply in the southern Drake Passage
Authors: Lee Jae Il , Yoon Ho Il , Yoo Kyu-Cheul , Lim Hyoun Soo , Lee Yong Il , Kim Donghyun , Bak Young-Suk , Itaki Takuya 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGeochemical characteristics of marine sediment from the southern Drake Passage were analyzed to reconstruct variations in sediment provenance and transport paths during the late Quaternary. The 5.95 m gravity core used in this study records paleoenvironmental changes during the last approximately 600 ka. Down-core variations in trace element, rare earth element, and Nd and Sr isotopic compositions reveal that sediment provenance varied according to glacial cycles. During glacial periods, detrital sediments in the southern Drake Passage were mostly derived from the nearby South Shetland Islands and shelf sediments. In contrast, interglacial sediments are composed of mixed sediments, derived from both West Antarctica and East Antarctica. The East Antarctic provenance of the interglacial sediments was inferred to be the Weddell Sea region. Sediment input from the Weddell Sea was reduced during glacial periods by extensive ice sheets and weakened current from the Weddell Sea. Sediment supply from the Weddell Sea increased during interglacial periods, especially those with higher warmth such as MIS 5, 9, and 11. This suggests that the influence of deep water from the Weddell Sea increases during interglacial periods and decreases during glacial periods, with the degree of influence increasing as interglacial intensity increases.
Development of the trailing shear layer in a starting jet during pinch-off
Authors: Gao L. , Yu S. C. M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractExperiments on a circular starting jet generated by a piston–cylinder arrangement, over a range of Reynolds number from $2600$ to $5600$, are conducted so as to investigate the development of the trailing shear layer during the leading vortex ring formation, as well as the corresponding effects on the pinch-off process. Results obtained by digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) show that secondary vortices start to develop in the trailing jet only after the critical time scale, the ‘formation number’, is achieved. The subsequent growth of the secondary vortices reduces the vorticity flux being fed into the leading vortex ring and, as a consequence, constrains the growth of leading vortex ring with larger circulation. Evolution of perturbation waves into secondary vortices is found to associate with growth and translation of the leading vortex ring during the formation process. A dimensionless parameter ‘$A$’, defined as ${\Gamma }_{\mathit{ring}} / ({x}_{\mathit{core}} \mrm{\Delta} U$), is therefore proposed to characterize the effect of the leading vortex ring on suppressing the nonlinear development of instability in the trailing shear layer, i.e. the initial roll-up of the secondary vortices. In a starting jet, $A$ follows a decreasing trend with the formation time ${t}^{\ensuremath{\ast} } $. A critical value ${A}_{c} = 1. 1\pm 0. 1$ is identified experimentally, which physically coincides with the initiation of the first secondary vortex roll-up and, therefore, indicates the onset of pinch-off process.
Compound viscous thread with electrostatic and electrokinetic effects
Authors: Conroy D. T. , Matar O. K. , Craster R. V. , Papageorgiou D. T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBreakup of an electrified viscous compound jet, surrounded by a dielectric gas, is investigated theoretically. The fluids are considered to be electrolytes and the core fluid viscosity is assumed to be much larger than that of the annular fluid. Axisymmetric configurations are considered with the three fluids bound by a cylindrical electrode that is held at a constant voltage potential. The model equations are investigated asymptotically in the long-wave limit, yielding two cases corresponding to a negligible surface charge with electrokinetic effects and a leaky dielectric model. A linear stability analysis for both cases is performed and the electrical effects are found to have a stabilizing effect, which is consistent with previous investigations of single electrified jet breakup at small wavenumbers. The one-dimensional equations are also solved numerically. The electric field is found to cause satellite formation in the core fluid, which does not occur in the purely hydrodynamic case, with the satellite size increasing with the strength of the electric field.
Tonsillectomy under threat: auditing the indications for performing tonsillectomy
Authors: Silva S , Ouda M , Mathanakumara S , Ridyard E , Morar P 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:The 2009 McKinsey National Health Service report considered that tonsillectomy was relatively ineffective and often unjustified, and that its frequently could be greatly reduced. ENTUK argued against this, for severe recurrent tonsillitis. This study audited clinical indications for tonsillectomy.Criteria and standards:Current guidelines state that patients with recurrent tonsillitis must have disabling sore throat episodes five or more times per year, and symptoms for at least a year, to justify tonsillectomy.Methods:Seventeen recurrent tonsillitis patients receiving tonsillectomy were audited prospectively. Indications were poorly documented in the referral letter, so surgeons agreed to list specified tonsillectomy criteria when scheduling patients for tonsillectomy. A pro forma reminder was distributed to all clinics, and the next 100 scheduled tonsillectomy patients were audited.Results:In the first audit, all 17 tonsillectomies were justified but only two (11.8 per cent) had documented indications. In the second audit, 85 per cent of patients had all essential criteria, which were documented in the listing letter.Conclusion:Tonsillectomy risks being removed from the UK essential otolaryngological surgical register, risking increased patient morbidity and work absence, despite valid supporting evidence of efficacy for recurrent tonsillitis. All UK otolaryngology units should strictly adhere to the ENTUK and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network recommendations for tonsillectomy, and should document essential criteria in the listing letter, to strengthen the advocacy argument for tonsillectomy as essential, valid treatment for recurrent tonsillitis.
A randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia
Authors: Vos S. P. F. , Huibers M. J. H. , Diels L. , Arntz A. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundInterpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) seems to be as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of major depression. Because the onset of panic attacks is often related to increased interpersonal life stress, IPT has the potential to also treat panic disorder. To date, a preliminary open trial yielded promising results but there have been no randomized controlled trials directly comparing CBT and IPT for panic disorder.MethodThis study aimed to directly compare the effects of CBT versus IPT for the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Ninety-one adult patients with a primary diagnosis of DSM-III or DSM-IV panic disorder with agoraphobia were randomized. Primary outcomes were panic attack frequency and an idiosyncratic behavioral test. Secondary outcomes were panic and agoraphobia severity, panic-related cognitions, interpersonal functioning and general psychopathology. Measures were taken at 0, 3 and 4 months (baseline, end of treatment and follow-up).ResultsIntention-to-treat (ITT) analyses on the primary outcomes indicated superior effects for CBT in treating panic disorder with agoraphobia. Per-protocol analyses emphasized the differences between treatments and yielded larger effect sizes. Reductions in the secondary outcomes were equal for both treatments, except for agoraphobic complaints and behavior and the credibility ratings of negative interpretations of bodily sensations, all of which decreased more in CBT.ConclusionsCBT is the preferred treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia compared to IPT. Mechanisms of change should be investigated further, along with long-term outcomes.
Sacralising the patriarchal family in the monotheistic religions: ‘To no form of religion is woman indebted for one impulse of freedom’
Authors: Raday Frances 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article attempts to unravel the universal human rights implications of family law in the three monotheisms – Jewish, Christian and Muslim. At issue is the requirement of gender equality as justice in the family. This requirement is inherent in the human rights agenda, a novel point of departure in political philosophy and antithetical to the patriarchal family sacralised in the monotheistic religions.