bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Lifestyle Risk Factors and Absenteeism after Two Years in a Worksite Health Promotion Program
Authors: Wood E. Andrew , Olmstead Gary W. , Craig James L. 
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this article is to compare health risk factors and rates of absenteeism of employees at General Mills, Inc. after participating for two years in a voluntary, self-directed health promotion program, called the “TriHealthalon.” Twelve hundred field sales employees were initially targeted to participate in this program, which focused on improving participants' physical, mental, and social well-being. Participants were asked to fill out a computerized lifestyle appraisal form before they started the program in 1985, and again in 1986. The rates of absenteeism were monitored for each individual in the participant and nonparticipant groups for the years 1984 (before the program started), 1985, and 1986. T-tests were performed to compare the rate of absenteeism between the two groups. Observations show that after two years in the TriHealthalon program, there was an increase in healthy lifestyle behaviors in the participant group, with a five percent decrease in the number of smokers, a 37 percent increase in the number of people who use their seat belts, and a 23 percent increase in the number of people who exercise three times a week. There was no significant difference in absenteeism between the groups in 1984, before the program began. Absenteeism was significantly (p < .05) less in the participant group during 1985 and 1986 after the initiation of the program.
Choosing an Evaluation Strategy
Authors: Wagner Edward H. , Guild Priscilla A. 
Published: December 2011

Primer on Evaluation Methods, appearing here for the first time, will share this space with Research Agenda; each will appear three times per year in alternate issues of the Journal. The purpose of Primer on Evaluation Methods is to address selected evaluation topics from a practical, management-oriented perspective. Future Primer columns will focus on issues such as qualitative evaluation methods, reliability and validity, and reporting evaluation results. This series was originally published in a slightly revised version in a newsletter prepared by the Health Services Research Center of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for the W.K. Kellogg Foundation of Battle Creek. Please forward any comments on this new section to: American Journal of Health Promotion, 746 Purdy Street, Birmingham, Michigan 48009. Most people making their first attempt at program evaluation will ask the same general kinds of questions at the outset of their endeavor: Why evaluate? How much will it cost? Can I do it myself, or will consultants be required? How scientifically rigorous must it be? Should I have a control group? How big should the sample be? etc. All of these questions can be answered, but only after a set of important assumptions about the program being evaluated has been carefully specified. In most cases, all of these questions can be answered quite adequately by the person(s) asking them. Very little technical expertise is required. In this article we present an approach to the formulation of a general evaluation strategy, including a method for answering some of the questions that need to be answered first.
Self-Help versus Group Approaches to Smoking Cessation in the Workplace: Eighteen-Month Follow-up and Cost Analysis
Authors: Bertera Robert L. , Oehl Laura K. , Telepchak Janet M. 
Published: December 2011

This study evaluated the relative efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a stop smoking clinic and self-help kit, and characteristics of those who benefited most from each approach. Employees attended an orientation of quit smoking programs that included a brief description of the American Lung Association's “Freedom From Smoking” clinic and “Freedom From Smoking in 20 Days” self-help kit. Seventy registrants provided both baseline and 18-month follow-up information by questionnaire. The two methods attracted smokers with somewhat different socio-demographic characteristics. The combined quit rate for the two groups was 17 percent at 18 months. Cost per participant was twice as high for the clinic method ($32 vs. $16), but cost per successful quitter was similar in both groups (about $150). In light of these results, employees should continue to be offered a choice of self-help and clinic approaches to smoking cessation in order to reach the largest potential number of participants.
Bioinspired Genetic and Chemical Engineering of Protein Hydrogels for Programable Multi‐Responsive Actuation
Authors: Ji Ting , Shi Haoyuan , Yang Xinyi , Li Hu , Kaplan David L , Yeo Jingjie , Huang Wenwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProtein hydrogels with tailored stimuli‐responsive features and tunable stiffness have garnered considerable attention due to the growing demand for biomedical soft robotics. However, integrating multiple responsive features toward intelligent yet biocompatible actuators remains challenging. Here, a facile approach that synergistically combines genetic and chemical engineering for the design of protein hydrogel actuators with programmable complex spatial deformation is reported. Genetically engineered silk‐elastin‐like proteins (SELPs) are encoded with stimuli‐responsive motifs and enzymatic crosslinking sites via simulation‐guided genetic engineering strategies. Chemical modifications of the recombinant proteins are also used as secondary control points to tailor material properties, responsive features, and anisotropy in SELP hydrogels. As a proof‐of‐concept example, diazonium coupling chemistry is exploited to incorporate sulfanilic acid groups onto the tyrosine residues in the elastin domains of SELPs to achieve patterned SELP hydrogels. These hydrogels can be programmed to perform various actuations, including controllable bending, buckling, and complex deformation under external stimuli, such as temperature, ionic strength, or pH. With the inspiration of genetic and chemical engineering in natural organisms, this work offers a predictable, tunable, and environmentally sustainable approach for the fabrication of programmed intelligent soft actuators, with implications for a variety of biomedical materials and biorobotics needs.
Biointerface‐Engineered Hybrid Nanovesicles for Targeted Reprogramming of Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Zhen Xueyan , Li Yongjiang , Yuan Wanqing , Zhang Tingting , Li Min , Huang Jinhai , Kong Na , Xie Xiaoyu , Wang Sicen , Tao Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) of typical tumor types such as triple‐negative breast cancer is featured by hypoxia and immunosuppression with abundant tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), which also emerge as potential therapeutic targets for antitumor therapy. M1‐like macrophage‐derived exosomes (M1‐Exos) have emerged as a promising tumor therapeutic candidate for their tumor‐targeting and macrophage‐polarization capabilities. However, the limited drug‐loading efficiency and stability of M1‐Exos have hindered their effectiveness in antitumor applications. Here, a hybrid nanovesicle is developed by integrating M1‐Exos with AS1411 aptamer‐conjugated liposomes (AApt‐Lips), termed M1E/AALs. The obtained M1E/AALs are loaded with perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) and IR780, as P‐I, to construct P‐I@M1E/AALs for reprogramming TME by alleviating tumor hypoxia and engineering TAMs. P‐I@M1E/AAL‐mediated tumor therapy enhances the in situ generation of reactive oxygen species, repolarizes TAMs toward an antitumor phenotype, and promotes the infiltration of T lymphocytes. The synergistic antitumor therapy based on P‐I@M1E/AALs significantly suppresses tumor growth and prolongs the survival of 4T1‐tumor‐bearing mice. By integrating multiple treatment modalities, P‐I@M1E/AAL nanoplatform demonstrates a promising therapeutic approach for overcoming hypoxic and immunosuppressive TME by targeted TAM reprogramming and enhanced tumor photodynamic immunotherapy. This study highlights an innovative TAM‐engineering hybrid nanovesicle platform for the treatment of tumors characterized by hypoxic and immunosuppressive TME.
Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Smart Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regeneration
Authors: Yuan Xun , Zhu Wei , Yang Zhongyuan , He Ning , Chen Feng , Han Xiaoxiao , Zhou Kun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe repair and functional reconstruction of bone defects resulting from severe trauma, surgical resection, degenerative disease, and congenital malformation pose significant clinical challenges. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) holds immense potential in treating these severe bone defects, without incurring prevalent complications associated with conventional autologous or allogeneic bone grafts. 3D printing technology enables control over architectural structures at multiple length scales and has been extensively employed to process biomimetic scaffolds for BTE. In contrast to inert and functional bone grafts, next‐generation smart scaffolds possess a remarkable ability to mimic the dynamic nature of native extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby facilitating bone repair and regeneration. Additionally, they can generate tailored and controllable therapeutic effects, such as antibacterial or antitumor properties, in response to exogenous and/or endogenous stimuli. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the progress of 3D‐printed smart scaffolds for BTE applications. It begins with an introduction to bone physiology, followed by an overview of 3D printing technologies utilized for smart scaffolds. Notable advances in various stimuli‐responsive strategies, therapeutic efficacy, and applications of 3D‐printed smart scaffolds are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the existing challenges in the development and clinical implementation of smart scaffolds, as well as emerging technologies in this field.
Wireless Heart and Respiration Rate Monitoring in Birds Using Skin Mounted Eutectogel Coated Threads
Authors: Riccio Rachel E. , Asci Cihan , Zeng Wenxin , Owyeung Rachel , Romero L. Michael , Sonkusale Sameer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnimal‐borne biologging technology allows researchers to understand the physiological responses of wild animals, especially songbirds, to environmental changes. Songbirds are of interest in studying these responses because of their visibility and relatively small body size yet high energetic demand of their various life‐history stages (e.g., molt, migration, breeding). Previous methods for monitoring responses, such as heart rate activity, have relied on surgical implantation of electrodes connected to bulky electronic devices which affect the well‐being of birds, indirectly influence bird behavior and create stress artifacts. A non‐invasive, lightweight solution is needed. This study introduces eutectogels, a long‐lasting gel made from deep eutectic solvents, combined with conductive threads and a wireless device to monitor the heart rate of house sparrows noninvasively through skin contact. In this work, heart rate and respiration rate measurements are validated on birds under anesthesia. These tests are repeated on birds that are awake but restrained. The eutectogel outperforms commercial electrodes and gels, yielding high signal‐to‐noise ratio measurements on restrained birds. The respiration rate is extracted and processed electronically from motion artifacts in the recorded signals without the need for a separate dedicated sensor. The system shows promise for future field studies on free‐living species.
R2R‐Based Continuous Production of Patterned and Multilayered Elastic Substrates with Liquid Metal Wiring for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Kawakami Hiroki , Nagatake Kyohei , Ni Sijie , Nakamura Fumika , Takano Tamami , Murakami Koki , Ohara Ibuki , Isano Yuji , Matsuda Ryosuke , Suwa Hideki , Higashi Ryunosuke , Kanto Moeka , Saito Masato , Fujita Hajime , Araki Takuto , Ozaki Shingo , Ueno Kazuhide , Horii Tatsuhiro , Fujie Toshinori , Ota Hiroki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe roll‐to‐roll (R2R) process for fabricating elastic substrates is essential for the social implementation of next‐generation stretchable devices with soft interfaces. In recent years, there is a growing demand for soft heterostructures with multiple monolithically patterned organic materials. However, a continuous processing technique for substrates with heterostructures patterned using highly stretchable wiring has not yet been developed. Conventional manufacturing methods for stretchable electronics lack production capacity. This study introduces an R2R‐based method for the continuous production of multilayered substrates composed of various elastic materials, integrated with liquid metal (LM) wiring, suitable for stretchable electronics. Continuous fabrication of polymer films is achieved with pattern areas as small as 0.78 mm2, using three different polymers varying in hardness. The R2R coating process, paired with liquid metal wiring dispensing printing, allows for the creation of lines as fine as 140 microns. This process supports the batch production of 15 stretchable hybrid devices at a time and enables the creation of large‐area devices up to 400 cm2. The fabrication technique developed herein holds promise for the future manufacturing of not only stretchable electronics but also cutting‐edge soft electronics like smart packaging. This is expected to be a factor leading to the commercialization of stretchable electronics.
Pyramid‐Shaped Perovskite Single‐Crystal Growth and Application for High‐Performance Photodetector
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Shao Chengrui , Zhao Yipeng , Ouyang Gang , Hu Wei , Zhang Jianfa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo boost the power conversion efficiency of silicon/perovskite tandem solar cells, pyramid‐textured structures have been investigated and introduced into devices. However, high‐quality pyramid‐shaped single crystal preparation is an obstacle in tandem device development. Perovskite crystals obtained using general methods are cubic because of their structural symmetry and rapid growth rate. In this study, based on mass transfer boundary layer theory, a pyramid‐shaped perovskite single crystal is successfully obtained using an asymmetrically spatial confinement‐induced crystallization method. The synthesized pyramid crystals exhibited high crystallinity and enhanced optical absorption. A photodetector constructed using the as‐grown crystal exhibited high‐performance properties, including a responsivity of 9.4 A W−1, photo‐to‐dark current ratio of 2.3 × 104, and detectivity of 2.1 × 1011 Jones. Its unique insensitivity to the incident photon direction is also characterized. The flexible photodetector also exhibited excellent responsivity under different bending curvature radii. Additionally, the light‐trapping effect and absorption superiority of pyramid crystals over cuboid crystals are well established based on a semi‐empirical analytical model. This breakthrough in pyramid‐shaped perovskite crystal preparation provides a promising approach for the development of novel tandem solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
Mn2+–Mn2+ Dimers Induced Robust Light Absorption in Heavy Mn2+ Doped ZnAl2O4 Near‐Infrared Phosphor with an Excellent Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and Thermal Stability
Authors: Zhan Chenyang , Zhu Haomiao , Liang Sisi , Nie Wendong , Wang Zihao , Hong Maochun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTransition metal ions, such as Cr3+, Fe3+, and Ni2+, are widely recognized activators for efficient broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors. However, the potential of Mn2+ ions as NIR‐emitting activators is relatively overlooked due to their typically narrowband emission in the visible spectral region and relatively weak absorption. Herein, a heavy Mn2+‐doped Zn1‐xAl2O4: xMn2+ (ZAO: xMn2+) phosphor is presented that exhibits a single NIR emission band peaked at 830 nm with a bandwidth of 135 nm under excitation at 450 nm. Through comprehensive structural and spectral analysis, this NIR band is attributed to the emission originating from Mn2+ ions within the MnO6 octahedra. Importantly, the formation of Mn2+–Mn2+ dimers breaks the spin‐forbidden rule and significantly enhances the transition probability, as supported by the excited state dynamic analysis. Consequently, the optimal ZAO: 0.70Mn2+ sample shows high internal/external photoluminescence quantum yields of 85.8%/36.9%, along with good thermal stability demonstrated by the emission intensity at 423 K retains 60% of that at 298 K. Finally, a prototype NIR pc‐LED device is fabricated by combining ZAO: 0.70Mn2+ phosphor with a 450 nm blue diode chip, generating an NIR output power of 28.84 mW at 100 mA. This study provides novel insights into high‐performance Mn2+‐activated NIR phosphors.
Achiral Nanostructures: Perturbative Harmonic Generation and Dichroism Under Vortex and Vector Beams Illumination
Authors: Nikitina Anastasia , Frizyuk Kristina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, the nonlinear optical phenomena emerging from the interaction between vortex and vector beams and achiral nanoparticles or nanostructures are investigated. Despite the achiral symmetry of the nanostructure, the interplay between the symmetries of the vortex beam, the nanostructure, and the crystalline lattice of the nanostructure material can result in circular dichroism in the nonlinear regime. A formula is derived that describes the conditions for the appearance of circular dichroism across a broad range of scenarios, taking into account all the symmetries. Building on these findings, the conditions for both linear and nonlinear dichroism when illuminated by vector beams have been determined. This work can provide important insights that can enhance the design of chiral sensors and optical traps, making them more versatile and effective.
Oxophilic Tm‐Sites in MoS2 Trigger Thermodynamic Spontaneous Water Dissociation for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Meng , Wang Xuan , Du Han , Dong Wenrou , Ye Songbo , Liu Heng , Sun Huamei , Huang Kai , Li Hao , Tang Yawen , Fu Gengtao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract2D MoS2 is acknowledged as a potential alternative to Pt‐based catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its suitable *H adsorption energy. However, the weak water adsorption capacity of MoS2 in an alkaline solution limits its performance improvement toward HER. Herein, a novel rare‐earth Tm single atoms decorated MoS2 (Tm SAs‐MoS2) catalyst is proposed, and the key role of Tm SAs on the enhanced HER performance of MoS2 is identified. It is verified that the Tm‐site in MoS2 contributes to the asymmetric [Mo‐S‐Tm] unit site, which serves as the electron donor to disturb the electronic state and accelerate electron accumulation at surrounding Mo‐S site. The obtained Tm SAs‐MoS2 exhibits significantly improved HER activity with a low overpotential of 80 mV at 10 mA cm−2, robust stability and good selectivity in alkaline solution compared with pure MoS2 and most MoS2‐based catalysts. In situ Raman and theoretical calculations prove that the oxophilic Tm in [Mo‐S‐Tm] unit sites significantly improves the migration and thermodynamic spontaneous dissociation of interfacial H2O molecules during HER by the Tm‐4f‐OH orbital overlap. Such [Tm‐S‐Mo] unit site allows the optimal G*H location of Tm SAs‐MoS2, which in turn reaches the apex of the theoretical HER volcano plot. This work is expected to open up new avenues for the design of novel alkaline HER catalysts and provide a valuable understanding of rare earth enhanced mechanisms.
Rapidly Diverse Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐5‐Substituted‐2‐Oxazolidinones via Nucleophilic Epoxide Ring Opening and Intramolecular Acyl Substitution of Epoxy Carbamates
Authors: Lin Nian‐Xuan , Chang Shih‐Ming , Chiou Xin‐Shun , Lee Kelly , Tsai Yu‐Tung , Lin Cheng‐Kun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe method for converting epoxy carbamates to oxazolidinones is outlined in this study. This innovative approach combines intermolecular nucleophilic epoxide ring opening with intramolecular acyl substitution in a single step, thereby facilitating rapid conversion. Significantly, this method effectively addresses challenges associated with the use of expensive reagents, harsh reaction conditions, and prolonged reaction times, presenting a more efficient alternative. Demonstrating favorable reactivity across a diverse range of aryl groups, as well as benzyl or tert‐butyl carbamates, the method consistently yields satisfactory results, with oxazolidinone formation ranging from 55 % to 99 % in over 24 examples. The synthesized oxazolidinones, including 5 v–5 x, hold substantial promise as intermediates for the synthesis of crucial synthetic molecules. Furthermore, the versatility of this method is underscored by its successful application in the formation of the 6‐membered ring 1,3‐oxazinan‐2‐one. These findings not only contribute to the advancement of synthetic methodologies but also pave the way for a streamlined synthesis of important pharmaceutical compounds.
Unraveling the multiple chronic conditions patterns among people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia: A machine learning approach to incorporate synergistic interactions
Authors: Yew Pui Ying , Devera Ryan , Liang Yue , Khalifa Razan A. El , Sun Ju , Chi Nai‐Ching , Chou Ying‐Chyi , Tonellato Peter J. , Chi Chih‐Lin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMost people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) also suffer from two or more chronic conditions, known as multiple chronic conditions (MCC). While many studies have investigated the MCC patterns, few studies have considered the synergistic interactions with other factors (called the syndemic factors) specifically for people with ADRD.METHODSWe included 40,290 visits and identified 18 MCC from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Then, we utilized a multi‐label XGBoost model to predict developing MCC based on existing MCC patterns and individualized syndemic factors.RESULTSOur model achieved an overall arithmetic mean of 0.710 AUROC (SD = 0.100) in predicting 18 developing MCC. While existing MCC patterns have enough predictive power, syndemic factors related to dementia, social behaviors, mental and physical health can improve model performance further.DISCUSSIONOur study demonstrated that the MCC patterns among people with ADRD can be learned using a machine‐learning approach with syndemic framework adjustments.Highlights
Machine learning models can learn the MCC patterns for people with ADRD.
The learned MCC patterns should be adjusted and individualized by syndemic factors.
The model can predict which disease is developing based on existing MCC patterns.
As a result, this model enables early specific MCC identification and prevention.