bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condition management and the causes of psychosis
Authors: Holttum Sue 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThis Research Watch seeks to summarise two recent research papers. The first evaluates a scheme that trains people in managing their mental health or physical condition to increase their chances of gaining employment. The second examines the social causes of psychosis.Design/methodology/approachA search was carried out for research papers with a mental health and social inclusion focus published within the past 12 months.FindingsIn the first paper, half of a sample of over 2,000 people accessing a seven‐week cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)‐based condition management programme (CMP) for people with mental or physical health conditions showed a clear improvement in psychological well‐being, and three months later 26 per cent were either in paid work or working towards it. However, there is a case for employment support being more integrated with the mental health system, and possibly also not to be time‐limited. The second paper highlights the importance of recognising the multifaceted and complex causes of psychosis and, in particular, social causes. If these social causes were to be given as much weight as biological factors, then it seems likely that social exclusion, and psychosis itself, would be reduced.Originality/valueThis paper summarises research relating to mental health and social inclusion that has emerged within the past 12 months.
On the artistic shaping of delusion in psychosis
Authors: Chadwick Peter 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThe paper aims to discuss delusion as a creative experience.Design/methodology/approachThe paper addresses narrative rendering of delusional thinking in detail and related styles of thought in artists.FindingsEnhanced creativity during psychosis can be put to productive use in recovery. Artistic cultures may help psychosis sufferers move to a more socially inclusive, consensual view of reality.Originality/valueThe paper emphasises the artistic aspect of psychosis as a counterweight to the “machine aesthetic” of positivistic science and also stresses the importance of spiritual experience to recovery.
“They don't just cater, they care” – a case on Sakthi's Kitchen Pvt Ltd
Authors: Manikandan Varsha , Swaminathan G. , Khattri Varsha 
Published: February 2012

Subject area
The given case deals with the fact that primary objectives of services producers and marketers are identical to those of all marketers: to develop and provide offerings that satisfy consumer needs and expectations, thereby ensuring their own economic survival. To achieve these objectives, service providers need to understand how consumers choose, experience, and evaluate their service offerings. It also talks about employing innovative techniques at the basic level by optimizing available resources offering quality service at value based pricing, thereby, increasing customer retention by developing the trust of the consumer.

Study level/applicability
Graduation or post graduation level students studying subjects pertaining to the services aspect of marketing, namely innovative service offerings, value for money, service experience and evaluation, challenge of integrating the 4 A's of services marketing and offering them in sustainable quality, promotional or communication mix for services and consumer behaviour.

Case overview
Today's dual-career couples, single-parent families, and two-job families are realizing a burning consumer need: more time. Individuals in these and other non-traditional family configurations are overstressed with their work and home obligations and find that dealing with many of life's everyday tasks is overwhelming. For many customers, all types of shopping have become “drudgery or worse.” The antidote to this time deficiency is found in many new services that recover time for consumers. One such professional service is catering. The present case study deals with grass root level innovations in this service offering that adds flavour to our lives.

Expected learning outcomes
Understanding the catering services offering and its features in evolving consumer's world; analyzing the importance of optimizing available resources and offering customer satisfaction, ensuring marketers own economic survival; realizing the significance of value offering and related value based pricing for services; comprehending the importance of word of mouth in post experience evaluation in services; the effect of quality and quantity consciousness in marketers while offering catering services; and understanding obstacles and challenges faced by small and medium service industries at the initial level.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes.
Buyer-seller relationship – challenge in export marketing for The Handicrafts and Handlooms Export Corporation (HHEC)
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Dey A.K. , Karwa Prerna 
Published: February 2012

Subject area
International marketing/export marketing.

Study level/applicability
This case is appropriate for discussion in courses such as international marketing and export marketing of post graduate studies in management. The case can also be used for management development programmes concerning practising managers.

Case overview
The case is based on export marketing strategy with special focus on developing strong buyer (customer) relationships and the associated challenges of a trading company, The Handicrafts and Handlooms Exports Corporation of India Ltd (HHEC). The corporation primarily engages in export of handlooms and handicraft products from India. Since 2005-06 the corporation has been incurring losses and it was only in 2010-11 that the corporation has registered a positive net profit.

Expected learning outcomes
To understand the appropriate strategies for buyer retention; to understand appropriate promotion strategies of non-essential items like handicraft, handloom and carpets; and to help students in making decisions for export marketing like understanding product characteristic, development of samples, procurement of products, vendor management, and pricing decisions.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes.
The French OQALI survey on dairy products: comparison of nutrient contents and other nutrition information on labels among types of brands
Authors: Menard C. , Dumas C. , Gillot N. , Laurent L. , Labarbe B. , Ireland J. , Volatier J.‐L. 
Published: February 2012

Menard C., Dumas C., Gillot N., Laurent L., Labarbe B., Ireland J. & Volatier J.‐L. (2012) The French OQALI survey on dairy products: comparison of nutrient contents and other nutrition information on labels among types of brands. J Hum Nutr Diet. 25, 323–333AbstractBackground:  Depending on their spending power, consumers may choose foodstuffs from more or less expensive types of brands (national, retailer, economy‐line retailer or discount brands). The present study, on dairy products, assesses the nutritional composition and the frequencies of labelled nutrition parameters, according to types of brands.Methods:  The 1646 most consumed dairy products were collected. Nutrient contents and other labelled nutrition parameters provided on the packaging (i.e. nutrition and health claims, nutrition guidelines such as guideline daily amounts, consumption advice and information on added vitamins and minerals) were captured in the French branded product composition database (OQALI).Results:  Significant differences between brands were found for energy, protein, fat, saturates, carbohydrate, sugars, dietary fibre, calcium and sodium, in four of six dairy groups studied, but not systematically. National brands and retailer brands provided more detailed nutrition labelling and more frequent nutrition claims than cheaper brands. More retailer brand products provided nutrition guidelines and consumption advice than the other branded products. National brand products more frequently contained added vitamins and minerals and more frequently bore health claims.Conclusions:  Nutrient contents of the cheaper brands of dairy products did not vary systematically from more expensive ones. However, national brands and retailer brands products provided more nutrition information on labels than the cheaper ones. There should be more detailed studies comparing different types of brands regarding labelling practices for nutrient contents and other nutrition information about foodstuffs to help prepare public health recommendations, adapted to all consumers, regardless of their income.
Inhibitory effect of prolactin on Toxoplasma proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with hyperprolactinemia
Authors: DZITKO K. , ŁAWNICKA H. , GATKOWSKA J. , DZIADEK B. , KOMOROWSKI J. , DŁUGOŃSKA H. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryDespite many years of studies on the mechanisms of immunological defence responses induced in host organisms by Toxoplasma, no satisfactory immunoprophylaxis or chemotherapy have yet been established for humans. Thus, alternative methods to prevent toxoplasmosis and to enhance the efficacy of currently used antitoxoplasmic drugs are under evaluation. In this work, we strove to determine the influence of human prolactin (endogenous present in serum – sPRL and recombinant – rhPRL) on the course of Toxoplasma infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) originating from female hyperprolactinemia patients. This study revealed that exogenous rhPRL as well as autologous sPRL from inactivated sera significantly restricted intracellular growth of Toxoplasma in PBMC cultures. Moreover, analysis of IL‐10 production by PBMC infected with Toxoplasma and cultured in the presence of sPRL showed a positive correlation between sPRL concentration and the level of IL‐10. The obtained results could indicate the possible protective action of PRL in a host organism infected with Toxoplasma and suggest that a significant increase in the serum PRL level, during pregnancy for instance, might significantly limit the risk of Toxoplasma spreading and could play an important role in natural protection against toxoplasmosis. The mechanism of inhibitory effect of PRL needs further detailed study.
Phase I clinical trial of oral rosiglitazone in combination with intravenous carboplatin in cancer‐bearing dogs
Authors: Allstadt Frazier S. , McKemie D. S. , Guerrero T. A. , LaChapelle H. , Skorupski K. A. , Kass P. H. , Rodriguez C. O. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRosiglitazone is an FDA‐approved peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist and antidiabetic agent in humans that has been investigated for its ability to reduce tumor cell growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximally tolerated dose, peak plasma concentrations and side effect profile of oral rosiglitazone when combined with carboplatin in dogs with cancer. Rosiglitazone was administered at 6 and 8 mg/m2 to seven dogs. Carboplatin was administered at 240–300 mg/m2 in combination with rosiglitazone. For toxicity evaluation, the toxicity data for the seven dogs in this study were combined with the toxicity data from three dogs previously reported in a methodology study. Peak plasma rosiglitazone concentrations varied with dose. The dose‐limiting toxicity was hepatic at a dose of 8 mg/m2. Three dogs had mild to moderate alanine aminotransferase elevations but no changes in total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, blood glucose or γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase values were noted.
Epoxy pipe relining—an emerging contact allergy risk for workers
Authors: Berglind Ingegärd Anveden , Lind Marie‐Louise , Lidén Carola 
Published: February 2012

Background. Epoxy pipe relining is a method of repairing old and worn water pipes supplying households. The method, using epoxy resin systems (ERSs), involves creating a new pipe inside an existing pipe. Large amounts of epoxy are normally handled at small, temporary worksites.Objectives. To describe working conditions and contact allergies to ERSs in 8 patients with occupational contact dermatitis related to their work in the relining trade.Methods. Eight patients with suspected work‐related eczema in the relining trade were referred to our Occupational and Environmental Dermatology outpatient unit. They were examined and patch‐tested between August 2010 and May 2011.Results. Seven patients were patch test‐positive to ERSs, and 6 of 8 reacted to the epoxy resin (MW 340) in the baseline series. Five of the patients were patch test‐positive to their own work products. Seven of the cases had to leave the relining trade because of skin problems.Conclusions. Relining is a widely used alternative to replacing old pipes, and entails a risk of massive skin exposure to ERSs and consequently a high risk of developing allergic contact dermatitis. Further mapping of working methods and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucial to reduce hazardous skin exposure.
Two cycles of the PS‐341/bortezomib, adriamycin, and dexamethasone combination followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hee , Lee Je‐Hwan , Kim Dae‐Young , Kim Sung‐Doo , Choi Yunsuk , Kang Young‐Ah , Seol Miee , Lee Kyoo‐Hyung 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroduction:  Treatment with 3–6 cycles of PS‐341/bortezomib, adriamycin, and dexamethasone (PAD) has been explored in terms of induction therapy prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We evaluated the effects of two cycles of PAD given before ASCT.Patients and methods:  Patients received two 21‐d cycles of PAD (bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 × 4 d, adriamycin 9 mg/m2 × 4 d, and dexamethasone 40 mg × 4 d × 2). Starting on day 12 of cycle 2, patients were given subcutaneous granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). Following PBSC harvesting, ASCT was performed using high‐dose melphalan, followed by thalidomide.Results:  A total of 32 patients were enrolled. Of 31 who completed two cycles of PAD, 25 (81%) achieved a partial response (PR) or better. Major adverse events were cytopenia, with grade I/II neurotoxicity evident during 4.8% of PAD cycles. Two patients were withdrawn from the study prior to PBSC collection. Thirty patients showed successful mobilization of PBSCs and underwent ASCT, with all 30 showing adequate neutrophil and platelet recovery. Following ASCT, 14 patients (47%) achieved a complete response (CR), 8 (27%) a very good partial response (VGPR), and 6 (20%) PR. Thalidomide was given to 25 patients after ASCT, as maintenance therapy. Twelve patients showed better responses after administration of thalidomide, and a total of 21 patients (70%) achieved CR. The 5‐yr probabilities of overall and progression‐free survival were 71.1% and 23.5%, respectively.Conclusion:  A short course of PAD was effective as an induction treatment before ASCT in patients newly diagnosed with MM. Prospective comparisons with longer courses of such treatment are needed.
Fractures in a tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Wales
Authors: Wei Christina , Stevens Jennifer , Harrison Sara , Mott Alison , Warner Justin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  To explore associations with fractures reported in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Method: Babies admitted to NICU from 1998 to 2007 in Cardiff, UK, with fractures during admission were identified. Clinical information was extracted from inpatient records. Results were reported as median (ranges).Results:  Seventy‐one fractures were recorded in 27 (boys = 16) infants with a gestational age of 28 (23.6–40.4) weeks and birthweight of 920 g (485–4875). Fractures were recognized at 57 (1–128) days of age. Neonates with fractures without clear aetiologies (n = 17) were more preterm (p < 0.001), were born lighter (p < 0.001), required multiple medical interventions, were more commonly osteopenic (p < 0.001), had fractures detected later (p < 0.001) and had more posterior rib fractures (p = 0.009). Rib fractures were detected later than other sites (p = 0.002). Associations with rib fractures included osteopenia (p = 0.04), longer oxygen therapy (p = 0.018), length on total parental nutrition (p = 0.03), later achievement of full enteral feeds (p = 0.038), sepsis (p = 0.038) and surgical procedures (p = 0.004). Posterior rib fractures were more common in babies born more preterm (25.1 vs. 29.4 weeks, p = 0.003) and requiring diuretics (p = 0.027).Conclusion:  Fractures in premature infants are associated with a variety of predisposing factors. Clinicians evaluating the cause of rib and multiple fractures in preterm neonates shortly after discharge need to take these factors into consideration.
Light Might Directly Affect Retinal Ganglion Cell Mitochondria to Potentially Influence Function†
Authors: del Olmo‐Aguado Susana , Manso Alberto G. , Osborne Neville N. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractVisible light (360–760 nm) entering the eye impinges on the many ganglion cell mitochondria in the non‐myelinated part of their axons. The same light also disrupts isolated mitochondrial function in vitro and kills cells in culture with the blue light component being particularly lethal whereas red light has little effect. Significantly, a defined light insult only affects the survival of fibroblasts in vitro that contain functional mitochondria supporting the view that mitochondrial photosensitizers are influenced by light. Moreover, a blue light insult to cells in culture causes a change in mitochondrial structure and membrane potential and results in a release of cytochrome c. Blue light also causes an alteration in mitochondria located components of the OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation system). Complexes III and IV as well as complex V are significantly upregulated whereas complexes I and II are slightly but significantly up‐ and downregulated, respectively. Also, blue light causes Dexras1 and reactive oxygen species to be upregulated and for mitochondrial located apoptosis‐inducing factor to be activated. A blue light detrimental insult to cells in culture does not involve the activation of caspases but is known to be attenuated by necrostatin‐1, typical of a death mechanism named necroptosis.
Effect of Organic Matter on the In Vitro Photoeradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Means of a Cationic Tetraaryl‐porphyrin†
Authors: Orlandi Viviana T. , Caruso Enrico , Banfi Stefano , Barbieri Paola 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy is emerging as an antimicrobial alternative approach; the concomitant presence of a photosensitizer (PS), O2 and visible light induces lethal oxidative damages to bacterial cells. Among Gram‐negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa seems to be one of the least susceptible to photodynamic treatment. In this study, we evaluated the influence of several experimental conditions on photoeradication of a planktonic culture of P. aeruginosa PAO1 by means of a tetracationic meso‐arylsubstituted porphyrin (RM24). Our findings suggest that the photo‐oxidative stress induced by RM24 is strictly correlated to the amount of PS bound to the cells that in turn decreases with the increasing concentrations of organic compounds in the medium. The photoeradication is dependent on PS concentrations, cellular density and light dose. RM24 was able to induce oxidative stress by means of singlet oxygen formation, although ROS formation cannot be ruled out. The standardized experimental conditions of the photospot test allowed us to evidence intraspecific PDT sensitivity differences among three strains of P. aeruginosa.
Variation in Stress Resistance Patterns among
stx
Genotypes and Genetic Lineages of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157
Authors: Lee Ken-ichi , French Nigel P. , Jones Geoff , Hara-Kudo Yukiko , Iyoda Sunao , Kobayashi Hideki , Sugita-Konishi Yoshiko , Tsubone Hirokazu , Kumagai Susumu 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the relationship between bacterial genotypes and stress resistance patterns, we exposed 57 strains of Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) O157 to acid, freeze-thaw, heat, osmotic, oxidative, and starvation stresses. Inactivation rates were calculated in each assay and subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The
stx
genotype was determined for each strain as was the lineage-specific polymorphism assay (LSPA6) genotype. In univariate analyses, strains of the
stx
1
stx
2
genotype showed greater resistance to heat than strains of the
stx
1
stx
2c
genotype; moreover, strains of the
stx
1
stx
2
genotype showed greater resistance to starvation than strains of the
stx
2
or
stx
2c
genotypes. LSPA6 lineage I (LI) strains showed greater resistance to heat and starvation than LSPA6 lineage II (LII) strains. PCA revealed a general trend that a strain with greater resistance to one type of stress tended to have greater resistance to other types of stresses. In cluster analysis, STEC O157 strains were grouped into stress-resistant, stress-sensitive, and intermediate clusters. In
stx
genotypes, all strains of the
stx
1
stx
2
genotype were grouped with the stress-resistant cluster, whereas 72.7% (8/11) of strains of the
stx
1
stx
2c
genotype grouped with the stress-sensitive cluster. In LI strains, 77.8% (14/18) of the strains were grouped with the stress-resistant cluster, whereas 64.7% (11/17) of LII strains were grouped with the stress-sensitive cluster. These results indicate that the genotypes of STEC O157 that are frequently associated with human illness, i.e., LI or the
stx
1
stx
2
genotype, have greater multiple stress resistance than do strains of other genotypes.
Microbial Scout Hypothesis, Stochastic Exit from Dormancy, and the Nature of Slow Growers
Authors: Buerger S. , Spoering A. , Gavrish E. , Leslin C. , Ling L. , Epstein S. S. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

We recently proposed a scout model of the microbial life cycle (S. S. Epstein, Nature 457:1083, 2009), the central element of which is the hypothesis that dormant microbial cells wake up into active (so-called scout) cells stochastically, independently of environmental cues. Here, we check the principal prediction of this hypothesis: under growth-permissive conditions, dormant cells initiate growth at random time intervals and exhibit no species-specific lag phase. We show that a range of microorganisms, including environmental species,
Escherichia coli
, and
Mycobacterium smegmatis
, indeed wake up in a seemingly stochastic manner and independently of environmental conditions, even in the longest incubations conducted (months to years long). As is implicit in the model, most of the cultures we obtained after long incubations were not inherently slow growers. Of the environmental isolates that required ≥7 months to form visible growth, only 5% needed an equally long incubation upon subculturing, with the majority exhibiting regrowth within 24 to 48 h. This apparent change was not a result of adaptive mutation; rather, most microbial species that appear to be slow growers were in fact fast growers with a delayed initiation of division. Genuine slow growth thus appears to be less significant than previously believed. Random, low-frequency exit from the nongrowing state may be a key element of a general microbial survival strategy, and the phylogenetic breadth of the organisms exhibiting such exit indicates that it represents a general phenomenon. The stochasticity of awakening can also provide a parsimonious explanation to several microbiological observations, including the apparent randomness of latent infections and the existence of viable-but-nonculturable cells (VBNC).