bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Src‐suppressed C kinase substrate in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A link between release of astrocyte proinflammatory factor and oligodendrocyte apoptosis
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Yan Meijuan , Hu Ling , Sun Linlin , Zhang Fupeng , Ji Huoyan , Jiang Jing , Wang Ping , Liu Haiou , Gao Ying , Tao Tao , He Xingxin , Cheng Chun , Shen Aiguo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSrc‐suppressed C kinase substrate (SSeCKS) is involved in inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), and plays a role in control of cell signaling and cytoskeletal arrangement. However, the expression and function of SSeCKS and its function in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its common animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) remained to be elucidated. In the present study, we first reported that SSeCKS was remarkably increased in astrocytes of EAE rats in vivo. TNF‐α and NO were significantly induced in astrocytes stimulated with LPS/IFN‐γ in vitro, which was blocked in astrocytes transfected with SSeCKS siRNA. These results indicated that SSeCKS played a role in the production of TNF‐α and NO in astrocytes with inflammatory stimulation. As excessive release of TNF‐α and NO were major mediators in autoimmune diseases and correlated with oligodendrocyte cell death, we further investigated whether SSeCKS participated in oligodendrocyte apoptosis. Conditioned media (CM) from astrocytes treated with LPS/IFN‐γ decreased oligodendrocyte cell viability, while siRNA targeted to SSeCKS in astrocytes inhibited oligodendrocyte cell death. The results from antibody neutralization and NO inhibition suggested that the oligodendrocyte apoptosis may be due to the production of astrocyte‐derived proinflammatory factors (TNF‐α and NO). These findings revealed that there was a pathogenic interaction between SSeCKS expression in astrocytes and oligodendrocyte apoptosis. Understanding the mechanism of SSeCKS in the pathogenesis of EAE may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies against EAE and MS. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of cholesterol efflux by amyloid β secretion
Authors: Umeda Tomohiro , Mori Hiroshi , Zheng Hui , Tomiyama Takami 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAmyloid β (Aβ) is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, but its physiological function remains unclear. Aβ is produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β‐ and γ‐secretases, which is enhanced by high levels of cellular cholesterol, so cholesterol is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. This linkage led us to hypothesize that Aβ is produced to regulate cellular cholesterol levels in response to high‐cholesterol stimulation. Here we show that Aβ production caused a reduction of cellular cholesterol levels in transfected HEK293 cells and neuronal IMR‐32 and Neuro2a cells, which was accompanied by an increase in efflux of cholesterol from cells. Fractionation of the culture media by ultracentrifugation and subsequent immunoelectron microscopic observation revealed that Aβ assembled high‐density lipoprotein‐like particles with cellular cholesterol during its secretion. This assembly was mediated by the ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1. APP transgenic and knockout mice exhibited lower and higher levels of cellular cholesterol in their brains, suggesting that Aβ‐mediated regulation of cellular cholesterol is physiological. Furthermore, we found that, when injected into mouse cerebral ventricle, reconstituted lipoproteins with Aβ were excreted into the peripheral tissues more efficiently than those without Aβ. This result suggests that Aβ mediates cholesterol transport from the brain to the circulation. We propose, based on these findings, a novel, apolipoprotein‐like function for Aβ that is involved in maintenance of cellular and cerebral cholesterol homeostasis. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic foot‐shock stress potentiates the influx of bone marrow‐derived microglia into hippocampus
Authors: Brevet Marie , Kojima Hideto , Asakawa Akihiro , Atsuchi Kaori , Ushikai Miharu , Ataka Koji , Inui Akio , Kimura Hiroshi , Sevestre Henri , Fujimiya Mineko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFor several years, a new population of microglia derived from bone marrow has been described in multiple settings such as infection, trauma, and neurodegenerative disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the migration of bone marrow‐derived cells to the brain parenchyma after stress exposure. Stress exposure was performed in mice that had received bone marrow transplantation from GFP mice, allowing identification of blood‐derived elements within the brain. Electric foot‐shock exposure was chosen because of its ability to serve as fundamental and physical stress in mice. Bone marrow‐derived GFP+ cells migrated to the ventral part of the hippocampus and acquired a ramified microglia‐like morphology. Microglia marker Iba1 was expressed by 100% of the ramified cells, whereas ramified cells were negative for the astrocyte marker GFAP. Compared with the case in the control group, ramified cells significantly increased after chronic exposure to stress (5 days). One month after 5 days of stress exposure, ramified cells significantly decreased in ventral hippocampus compared with the group examined immediately after the last stress exposure. We report for the first time the migration of bone marrow‐derived cells to the ventral hippocampus after stress exposure. These cells have the characteristics of microglia. Mechanisms responsible for this migration and their roles in the brain remain to be determined. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevation of heme oxygenase‐1 by proteasome inhibition affords dopaminergic neuroprotection
Authors: Yamamoto Noriyuki , Izumi Yasuhiko , Matsuo Takaaki , Wakita Seiko , Kume Toshiaki , Takada‐Takatori Yuki , Sawada Hideyuki , Akaike Akinori 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPostmortem studies have shown that heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) immunoreactivity is increased in patients with Parkinson disease. HO‐1 expression is highly upregulated by a variety of stress. Since the proteasome activity is decreased in patients with Parkinson disease, we investigated whether proteasome activity regulates HO‐1 content. MG‐132, a proteasome inhibitor, increased the amount of HO‐1 protein mainly in astrocytes of primary mesencephalic cultures. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis revealed that lactacystin upregulated HO‐1 mRNA expression. Proteasome inhibition with MG132 also increased the cytomegalovirus promoter‐driven expression of Flag‐HO‐1 protein and resulted in an accumulation of ubiquitinated Flag‐HO‐1 in Flag‐HO‐1‐overexpressing PC12 cells. In addition, a cycloheximide chase assay demonstrated that the degradation of Flag‐HO‐1 protein was slowed by MG‐132. Next, the function of HO‐1 which was upregulated by proteasome inhibitors was examined. Proteasome inhibitors protected dopaminergic neurons from 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced toxicity and this neuroprotection was abrogated by co‐treatment with zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO‐1 inhibitor. Furthermore, 6‐OHDA‐induced toxicity was blocked by bilirubin and carbon monoxide, products of the HO‐1‐catalyzed degradation of heme. These results suggest that mesencephalic HO‐1 protein level is regulated by proteasome activity and the elevation by proteasome inhibition affords neuroprotection. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tieg1/Klf10 is upregulated by NGF and attenuates cell cycle progression in the pheochromocytoma cell line PC12
Authors: Spittau Gabriele , Happel Nicole , Behrendt Maik , Chao T. Ivo , Krieglstein Kerstin , Spittau Björn 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe transcription factor Tieg1/Klf10 belongs to a family of Sp1/Klf proteins that have been shown to play important roles during development and maintenance of various tissues and cell types. Upregulation of Tieg1/Klf10 has been reported for TGF‐β, BMP2, BMP4, ActivinA and GDNF as members of the TGF‐β superfamily. Moreover, estrogen, the cytostatic drugs homoharringtonine and velcade as well as nitric oxide are also able to trigger Tieg1/Klf10 transcription. Recent studies suggest a role for members of the neurotrophin family in regulating Tieg1/Klf10 transcriptional upregulation. Using semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and immunoblotting, we present data describing that nerve growth factor (NGF) regulates the expression of Tieg1/Klf10 in the pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 in a TrkA‐dependent manner. Moreover, we provide evidence for the existence of NGF‐responsive elements in the 5′‐regulatory region of Tieg1/Klf10 that contain binding sites for the transcription factors Sp1 and CREB. After treatment with NGF PC12 cells exit the cell cycle and start to differentiate towards a neuron‐like phenotype indicated by neurite outgrowth. Using flow cytometry and differentiation assays we demonstrate that Tieg1/Klf10 reduces cell cycle progression in PC12 cells but fails to promote their terminal differentiation. Together, our results identify Tieg1/Klf10 as a new NGF target gene and substantiate its anti‐proliferative function in the NGF signaling pathway in PC12 cells. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammation‐induced preterm birth alters neuronal morphology in the mouse fetal brain
Authors: Burd Irina , Bentz Amy I. , Chai Jinghua , Gonzalez Juan , Monnerie Hubert , Le Roux Peter D. , Cohen Akiva S. , Yudkoff Marc , Elovitz Michal A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAdverse neurological outcome is a major cause of long‐term morbidity in ex‐preterm children. To investigate the effect of parturition and inflammation on the fetal brain, we utilized two in vivo mouse models of preterm birth. To mimic the most common human scenario of preterm birth, we used a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation by intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate the effect of parturition on the immature fetal brain, in the absence of inflammation, we used a non‐infectious model of preterm birth by administering RU486. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐10, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α) in amniotic fluid and inflammatory biomarkers in maternal serum and amniotic fluid were compared between the two models using ELISA. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression was evaluated in the whole fetal brains from the two models. Primary neuronal cultures from the fetal cortex were established from the different models and controls in order to compare the neuronal morphology. Only the intrauterine inflammation model resulted in an elevation of inflammatory biomarkers in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid. Exposure to inflammation‐induced preterm birth, but not non‐infectious preterm birth, also resulted in an increase in cytokine mRNA in whole fetal brain and in disrupted fetal neuronal morphology. In particular, Microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2) staining was decreased and the number of dendrites was reduced (P < 0.001, ANOVA between groups). These results suggest that inflammation‐induced preterm birth and not the process of preterm birth may result in neuroinflammation and alter fetal neuronal morphology. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RP‐thin layer chromatographic method for the quantification of three gingerol homologs of ultrasonic‐assisted fresh rhizome extracts of Zingiber officinale collected from North Western Himalayas
Authors: Khan Imran , Pandotra Pankaj , Gupta Ajai Prakash , Sharma Rajni , Gupta Bishan Das , Dhar Jagdish Kumar , Ram Gandhi , Bedi Yashbir Singh , Gupta Suphla 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA rapid and sensitive RP high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic (RP‐HPTLC) methodology was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of gingerols in methanolic extract of fresh ginger rhizome. The samples were chromatographed on RP‐TLC glass plates pre‐coated with RP‐18 60F254 as the stationary phase. Linear ascending development was carried out in twin trough glass chamber saturated with ternary‐solvent system consisting of acetonitrile–water–formic acid (7:2:1 v/v/v) at room temperature (25±2°C) and plates were scanned at 500 nm. The system was found to give compact spots for gingerols (Rf values of 6‐gingerol 0.73±0.04, 8‐gingerol 0.59±0.08 and 10‐gingerol 0.36±0.05). Linearity was found to be in the range of 140–840 ng/spot for 6‐gingerol, 168–1008 ng/spot for 8‐gingerol and 136–816 ng/spot for 10‐gingerol with significantly high value of correlation coefficient. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed linear relationship (r2) and ranged from 0.9992 to 0.9937 for 6‐, 8‐ and 10‐gingerol. The method was used for routine analyses and to obtain relative amounts of the gingerols in the fresh rhizomes of the ginger cultivated in different locations of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh of North Western Himalayas (India).
Comparison of HPLC and CZE methods for analysis of DOTA‐like esters – reaction intermediates in synthesis of magnetic resonance contrast agents
Authors: Hamplová Anna , Křížek Tomáš , Kubíček Vojtěch , Bosáková Zuzana , Coufal Pavel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRP‐HPLC and non‐aqueous CZE methods were evaluated for qualitative and quantitative analysis of esterified macrocyclic compounds of the DOTA family (DOTA=1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecan‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid). This group of compounds represents important reaction intermediates in synthesis of magnetic resonance contrast agents. Calibration curves in the concentration range from 1.0×10−5 to 1.0×10−3 mol/L were plotted and the experimental data were critically compared in terms of their repeatability, linearity, LOD and LOQ. The optimized methods were successfully applied to the analysis of a real reaction mixture without any further pretreatment.
Focusing of anionic micelles using sample‐induced transient isotachophoresis: Computer simulation and experimental verification in MEKC
Authors: Foteeva Lidia S. , Huang Zhuo , Timerbaev Andrei R. , Hirokawa Takeshi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe specific phenomenon of high‐salt micelle focusing used as a preconcentration method for uncharged solutes in MEKC has been interpreted in terms of complementary transient isotachophoresis (tITP) process. High matrix chloride can focus anionic SDS micelles not only due to a field‐enhanced effect but also by creating the tITP state in which chloride acts as a leading ion. The latter micelle‐enrichment event was simulated by SIMUL software in order to understand tITP conditions under which micelle stacking can be expected to occur. Specifically, effects of chloride matrix concentration and the nature of BGE co‐ion, performing a role of terminating ion, were explored. A greater extent of micelle stacking was observed at a higher chloride concentration in borate than in phosphate buffer system. This proof‐of‐principle simulation result was confirmed in real experiments using metal‐based chemotherapeutic drugs. It was concluded that analyte enrichment requires prolonged interaction with the micelle, which is feasible at a proper ratio between sample matrix and BGE co‐ion concentrations.
The relationship between tourism receipts, real effective exchange rate and economic growth in Tunisia
Authors: Belloumi Mounir 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to analyse the role of tourism in the Tunisian economic growth. We used a trivariate model of real gross domestic product (GDP), real international tourism receipts and real effective exchange rate to discuss the relationship between tourism and economic growth. By using annual data for Tunisia for the period of 1970–2007, our results reveal that there is a cointegrating relationship between tourism and economic growth. In addition, our results for the Granger causality test indicate that tourism has a positive impact on GDP growth unidirectionally. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic Properties and Photovoltaic Performances of a Series of Oligothiophene Copolymers Incorporating Both Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene and 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole Moieties
Authors: Biniek Laure , Chochos Christos L. , Hadziioannou Georges , Leclerc Nicolas , Lévêque Patrick , Heiser Thomas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA series of donor‐acceptor alternated conjugated copolymers, composed of thiophene, bithiophene, thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene, and 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole units and differing from each other by the nature and the number of 3‐alkylthiophene in the backbone, have been synthesized by Stille cross‐coupling polymerization. The material's optical and electrochemical properties, in solution and in thin films, have been investigated using UV‐Visible absorption and cyclic voltammetry. Bulk heterojunction solar cells using blends of the newly synthesized copolymers, as electron donor, and C60‐PCBM or C70‐PCBM, as electron transporting material, have been elaborated. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 1.8% is achieved with a 1:4 PPBzT2‐C12:C70‐PCBM weight ratio.magnified image
Modular Synthesis and Electronic and Hole‐Transport Properties of Monodisperse Oligophenothiazines
Authors: Müller Thomas J. J. , Franz Adam W. , Barkschat (née Krämer) Christa S. , Sailer Markus , Meerholz Klaus , Müller David , Colsmann Alexander , Lemmer Uli 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: Monodisperse oligophenothiazines are rapidly synthesized in good yields by use of Suzuki arylation. These well defined oligomers reveal both highly fluorescence and low oxidation potentials. As a consequence of intense electronic coupling as supported by cyclic voltammetry a selected trimer shows hole‐transport properties in a hole‐conductor‐only set‐up of a diode with relatively low on‐set voltage.
Intelligent Hydrogels Via Gamma‐Ray Induced Polymerization of Micellar Monomer Solutions and Microemulsions
Authors: Friedrich Tatjana , Tieke Bernd 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: Intelligent hydrogels were prepared upon polymerization of micellar aqueous comonomer solutions and microemulsions containing the cationic surfactant monomer 11‐acryloyloxyundecyltrimethylammonium bromide (AUTMAB) and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). A chemically and physically cross‐linked network structure is formed consisting of blocks of P‐NIPAM and P‐AUTMAB. The P‐AUTMAB blocks act as physical cross‐linking units improving the mechanical stability of the gel. While pure P‐NIPAM hydrogels are disrupted under low compression, gels polymerized from micellar solution or microemulsion can be reversibly compressed. The presence of AUTMAB in the gel increases the swelling up to a factor of 30 compared with the pure P‐NIPAM gel. Rapid and reversible swelling is observed for hydrogels with an AUTMAB content up to 2.5 wt.‐%.
Ion‐selective Membranes Prepared Upon Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Azamacrocycles and Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Hoffmann Kristina , El‐Hashani Ashraf , Tieke Bernd 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: Recent studies on ion transport across multilayered membranes of azamacrocycles and polyelectrolytes are reviewed. Membranes were built up on porous PAN/PET supports using electrostatic layer‐by‐layer assembly. Two types of separation membranes were prepared, type I consisting of protonated hexaazacyclooctadecane and polyvinylsulfate, and type II of hexaazacyclo‐octadecane hexaacetic acid and protonated polyvinylamine. Ion transport was studied under dialysis, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis conditions. Type I membranes were suitable for efficient separation of mono‐ and divalent anions, whereas type II membranes were suited for separation of mono‐ from di‐ and trivalent cations.
Water‐Soluble Polymers and Their Polymer‐Metal Ion‐Complexes as Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Rivas Bernabé L. , Maureira N. Antonio , Guzmán S. Catherine 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: Natural and synthetic polymers with heteroatom, such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous, potentially can efficiently remove metal ions from aqueous solutions. The ability of synthetic polymers derived from imino diacetic acid, acrylamido glycolic copolymer, and the natural polymer alginic acid to remove metal ions from dilute solution in conjunction with ultrafiltration membranes was studied. The maximum retention capacity was determined and its polymer‐metal ion‐complexes were studied as possible antibacterial agents.
Ultrasound‐Triggered Release of Ibuprofen from a Chitosan‐Mesoporous Silica Composite‐ a Novel Approach for Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Depan Dilip , Saikia Lakshi , Singh Raj Pal 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: In this work, an attempt was made to synthesize a novel Chitosan‐Mesoporous silica (CS‐MS) hybrid composite to design a drug delivery system based on ultrasound triggered stimuli‐responsive smart release. The in‐vitro drug release properties of both the Mesoporous Silica (MS) and Chitosan (CS) hybrids were investigated. Ibuprofen (Ibu) was used as a model drug. The results from powder X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and BET N2 adsorption isotherms exhibited that MS can accommodate drug molecules into the lumen of the channels and pores. Drug release, stimulated by temperature and pH of the release media was also investigated. We studied the Ultrasound (US) triggered release of Ibu in a simulated body fluid (pH 7.4). The results exhibited that US can be used as a non‐invasive technique for drug release from polymeric materials. The enhancing effect of ultrasound on drug release is due to the Cavitation effect, without causing any significant destruction on the polymer morphology.
Isolation of a Dosage Dependent Lethal Mutation in Ubiquitin Gene of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Authors: Prabha C. Ratna , Mishra Pradeep , Shahukar Mitali 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: Ubiquitin is a small protein with a highly conserved sequence, playing a pivotal role in ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Considering the central role UPS has in cellular homeostasis, several drugs have been developed to target UPS to remove cells responsible for cancer and other neurodegenerative diseases. As an alternative to the above approach, in the present study we have isolated dose dependent lethal form of ubiquitin gene by in vitro evolution. In vitro evolution is a powerful tool for developing proteins with novel and desirable properties. The ubiquitin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was subjected to in vitro evolution and lethal mutations were selected. The ubiquitin of S. cerevisiae differs only by three residues from human ubiquitin. The mutants were selected by expressing the protein in temperature sensitive ubi4 deletion mutants of ubiquitin. Most of the mutations in ubiquitin gene failed to complement UBI4 phenotype under heat shock. Only one of the mutants caused cell lysis, even at permissive temperature. Interestingly, expression of the same protein in wild type S. cerevisiae cells left them unaffected, establishing the mutant protein as a competitive inhibitor for UPS. Sequencing of the mutant gene showed four completely novel amino acid substitutions. They are namely, Ser20 to Phe, Ala46 to Ser, Leu50 to Pro and Ile61 to Thr. Construction of the mutant ubiquitin gene and characterization of the mutant phenotype along with the nature and location of the mutations are presented.
Aging of Polyimides in High Temperature Environments
Authors: Wieneke Jan U. , Staudt Claudia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: Membranes made of high permeable fluorinated aromatic polyimide synthesized from 6FDA (4,4'‐hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydride) and 4MPD (2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylene diamine) have been thermally treated to examine their aging behaviour at high temperature. The aging process was investigated by means of gas permeation tests, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass spectral analysis of the gaseous decomposition products. Up to around 400 °C thin films of the material show no major degradation but changes in color, flexibility and separation characteristics for O2/N2 were observed.