bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orphan drugs used for treatment in pediatric patients in the slovak republic
Authors: Foltánová T. , Konečný M. , Hlavatá A. , Štepánková K. , Cisárik F. 
Published: June 2012

Orphan drugs used for treatment in pediatric patients in the slovak republic
Due to the enormous success of scientific research in the field of paediatric medicine many once fatal children's diseases can now be cured. Great progress has also been achieved in the rehabilitation of disabilities. However, there is still a big group of diseases defined as rare, treatment of which has been traditionally neglected by the drug companies mainly due to unprofitability.
Since 2000 the treatment of rare diseases has been supported at the European level and in 2007 paediatric legislation was introduced. Both decisions together support treatment of rare diseases in children.
In this paper, we shortly characterise the possibilities of rare diseases treatment in children in the Slovak republic and bring the list of orphan medicine products (OMPs) with defined dosing in paediatrics, which were launched in the Slovak market. We also bring a list of OMPs with defined dosing in children, which are not available in the national market. This incentive may help in further formation of the national plan for treating rare diseases as well as improvement in treatment options and availability of rare disease treatment in children in Slovakia.
The problem of low peak concentration of gentamicin in clinical practice
Authors: Göböová M. , Kuželová M. , Foltánová T. 
Published: June 2012

The problem of low peak concentration of gentamicin in clinical practice
Aminoglycoside antibiotics have particular importance in the treatment of Gram-negative infections. Toxicity of gentamicin is well-known, but patients often receive insufficient dosage in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to refer to the problem of insufficient dosages that were confirmed by low peak concentration and to determine relationship between low peak levels and pharmacokinetic parameters, renal function and body weight.
We studied 68 patients who were treated with gentamicin for one year (August 2010 - August 2011). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was applied for all the patients. Gentamicin peak and trough concentrations were measured by the FPIA (Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay) method with an analyser, AxSYM of ABBOTT company. We divided the patients into 3 groups according to peak and trough levels.
Together 13 (19%) patients had high trough concentrations and optimal peak concentrations. Only 6 (9%) patients had optimal trough and peak levels in the first measurement of plasma concentrations. The third group included 49 patients (72%). These patients had optimal trough levels and low peak levels in the first measurement. 34 patients of the third group (28 males, 6 females) had optimal peak levels after adjustment of dosage in the second measurement. 15 patients, only males did not reach optimal peak levels even after adjustment of dosage in the second measurement.
The patients with low peak levels of gentamicin are more frequent than patients with toxic adverse effects in clinical practice. Especially, these are the patients with higher value of body weight and following increased pharmacokinetic parameters: creatinine clearance, total volume of distribution, total clearance and elimination rate constant. The clinical pharmacists have to adjust dosage regimens, especially according to Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and clinical experience. The results of the study have confirmed that the clinical pharmacists must adjust dose regimen not only for patients who require reduced doses but more often for patients who require higher doses than are commonly used in clinical practice. These patients are at risk of underdosing of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Analysis of acute clonazepam intoxications during the ten-year period 2001 - 2010
Authors: Ondriašová E. , Knietlová E. , Cagáňová B. , Kuželová M. , Plačková S. 
Published: June 2012

Analysis of acute clonazepam intoxications during the ten-year period 2001 - 2010
In the article acute intoxications by clonazepam (Rivotril) consulted with the National Toxicological Information Centre (NTIC) in Bratislava during the years 2001 - 2010 are analysed. 431 records of acute clonazepam intoxications were evaluated according to gender, age, cause, poisoning severity score and therapy. 57% of all patients were female, 42% were male. The highest number, 123, was in the age between 19 - 35 years and 117 between 36 - 50 years, and most of these cases were suicidal attempts (85% and 90%). Accidental poisoning was most common in children under 5 years of age (65 cases). In the age over 65 years were 4 cases. 69% of all evaluated intoxications were suicidal and 18% were accidental. 61% of intoxications were combined, particularly with alcohol and antidepressant, anxiolytic and antiepileptic drugs. The most common poisoning severity score (68% cases) was PSS 1, which means intoxications accompanied by mild, transient and spontaneously resolving symptoms - fatigue, somnolence, ataxia. There were five lethal cases (PSS 4) as the consequence of combined drug intoxications with suicidal intent. Complete data about therapeutical treatment were obtained for 114 patients. In most cases, hospital treatment was non-specific decontamination and supportive symptomatic therapy. 97 patients received activated charcoal, 55 activated charcoal with laxative, 38 gastric lavage and 12 patients were given the specific antidote flumazenil (Anexate).
By retrospective analysis, we found an increasing tendency of clonazepam intoxications mainly suicidal.
In spite of the fact that it is mandatory to report intoxications to the NTIC in the form of a copy of the medical record of each patient hospitalized due to intoxication, there are still medical facilities which don't fulfil this requirement. If all the medical records were available, it would lead to more precise knowledge about intoxications in Slovakia and a better possibility for introducing measures to lower the number and consequences of intoxication.
Better medicines for children: challenges and unmet needs
Authors: Slažneva J. , Kákošová V. , Kuželová M. 
Published: June 2012

Better medicines for children: challenges and unmet needs
This review deals with the use of medicinal products in children. Many medicinal products administered routinely to paediatric patients have been either not licensed for use in children (unlicensed use) or have been prescribed outside the terms of their product license (off-label prescribing). A lot of surveys have been conducted in the context of identifying the extent of off-label used drugs in children documenting high rates (45-60 %) of such use. Recognising and meeting challenges as development of suitable formulations for very young children and realization of clinical trials involving children present important steps in the enhancement of the present situation. To improve the health of children in Europe, the Regulation (EC) No 1901/2006 addressing the pharmaceutical industry, research teams and member states proposing important incentives and obligations was assigned. Paediatric Investigation Plan and Paediatric Use Marketing Authorisation present the key measures of the EU regulation on medicinal products for paediatric patients.
Pharmacotherapeutic adherence and quality of life in paediatric outpatients with epilepsy
Authors: Virág Ľ. , Murgaš M. , Kuželová M. 
Published: June 2012

Pharmacotherapeutic adherence and quality of life in paediatric outpatients with epilepsy
The aim of this study was to obtain data about pharmacotherapeutic adherence, quality of life and its relations in paediatric outpatients.
The present survey was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Paediatric Neurology in Nitra. QOLIE-AD-48 questionnaire was used to assess quality of life and pharmacotherapeutic adherence prospectively. Ninety five patients met the inclusion criteria. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava.
Questionnaires were returned by 74 (77.9%) paediatric patients. The mean quality of life score was 75.2. The quality of life score was lower in children who had higher seizure frequency, were medicated by polytherapy, who experienced adverse effects, with lower age during first seizure, with stigma, and also in those who experienced non-adherence. Adherence was poor in 15 (20.3%) patients. Non-adherence was significantly more frequent in patients 14-18 years old, in those with insufficient seizure control, in those with adverse effects, and also in patients with lower quality of life (p<0.05).
Non-adherence with medication was detected in practically 30% of our adolescents. Therefore, assessing medication adherence and counseling patients about it should be important components of daily clinical practice mainly in risk patients.
Mobile Phone Accidents - Experience Of India
Authors: Shabeer H. , Banu Wahida 
Published: June 2012

Mobile Phone Accidents - Experience Of India
Every year nearly 1.4 million people have been killed because of they are wireless customers and their over-bearing cell phones. While in India, an estimated 1.35 lakhs person died due to road accident in 2010, which is approximately 10% of road accident fatalities worldwide and these figures are the highest in the world. But still no research has been carried out to find the number of drivers using cell phone involved in road accident and very limited efforts has been carried out to prevent accident due to cell phone usage. To our knowledge this is the first survey carried out in India to determine the number of drivers involved in an accident due to mobile phone use. With the aim of preventing such accidents, it is proposed to develop a highly efficient automatic system for early detection of incoming and outgoing call, by placing an antenna along with mobile detection unit above the driver seat. This unit is capable of distinguishing whether the cell phone used either by the driver or by the passenger, if the driver uses of cell phone is detected, a safety application named Cellphone Accident Preventer (C.A.P.) which is developed using J2ME will be automatically load on the driver's cell phone which helps in eliminating the risk of accidents from occurring, at the same time ensuring that the user does not miss any emergency call. The research has been extended to show how far the system will help in preventing accidents and to what extent this system will help in reducing the Indian economic loss incurred unnecessarily due to road accident fatalities.
Consideration of the Aspects of the Transportation Systems Microscopic Model Application as Part of a Decision Support System
Authors: Yurshevich Elena , Yatskiv Irina 
Published: June 2012

Consideration of the Aspects of the Transportation Systems Microscopic Model Application as Part of a Decision Support System

The article presents the experience in using decision support system (DSS) when managing urban transport system (UTS) and a possibility of using microscopic modelling as an integral part of the decision-support system (DSS) when managing the urban TS. To illustrate the problem and a possible DSS-based solution, an example of a specific project has been examined, where microscopic modelling was used for the analysis of possible reconstruction of a transport system (TS) fragment in the city of Riga, - which was performed in 2010 in the laboratory of applied software systems of the Transport and Telecommunication Journal Institute (in Riga). The project goal was the consideration of expediency for implementation of a pedestrian area in the street of city centre with the existing street traffic. The article formulates some problems that occurred in the process of development and application of simulation model for analysing various scenarios; some possible alternatives of their solution are suggested.
An alternative of possible DSS architecture for managing TS in Riga is suggested; some requirements to the data handling and organization in the system are examined. Special attention has been paid to the problem of synchronizing the data handling of macroscopic and microscopic models of urban TS. The article formulates the requirements to organization of data transmission interface between macroscopic and microscopic data. The suggested DSS concept can be used when solving various problems of transportation planning.
Phenolic Compounds of Propolis from the Boreal Coniferous Zone
Authors: Salonen Anneli , Saarnio Sanna , Julkunen-Tiitto Riitta 
Published: June 2012

Phenolic Compounds of Propolis from the Boreal Coniferous ZoneThe profile of phenolic compounds in 19 propolis samples from different provinces in Finland were analysed for the first time using HPLC-DAD. Nine individual flavonoids (comprising 26% of the identified phenolics), eleven cinnamic acid derivatives (36%), two caffeic acid derivatives (14%), three chlorogenic acid derivatives (14%), and three other phenolic acids (10%) were found in the propolis samples. The compounds found in the largest quantities were methyl-naringenin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). The phenolic profiles of Finnish propolis show marked differences when compared withP. nigraandP. tremuloidespropolis of Central European and Canadian origins. The phenolic compounds found in propolis samples are commonly found in the tree species growing in Finland. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that samples were scattered and they did not form clear groups according to the geographical origin or age of the sample.
A Europe-Wide Experiment for Assessing the Impact of Genotype-Environment Interactions on the Vitality and Performance of Honey Bee Colonies: Experimental Design and Trait Evaluation
Authors: Costa Cecilia , Büchler Ralph , Berg Stefan , Bienkowska Malgorzata , Bouga Maria , Bubalo Dragan , Charistos Leonidas , Le Conte Yves , Drazic Maja , Dyrba Winfried , Fillipi Janja , Hatjina Fani , Ivanova Evgeniya , Kezic Nikola , Kiprijanovska Hrisula , Kokinis Michalis , Korpela Seppo , Kryger Per , Lodesani Marco , Meixner Marina , Panasiuk Beata , Pechhacker Hermann , Petrov Plamen , Oliveri Eugenia , Ruottinen Lauri , Uzunov Aleksandar , Vaccari Giacomo , Wilde Jerzy 
Published: June 2012

A Europe-Wide Experiment for Assessing the Impact of Genotype-Environment Interactions on the Vitality and Performance of Honey Bee Colonies: Experimental Design and Trait EvaluationAn international experiment to estimate the importance of genotype-environment interactions on vitality and performance of honey bees and on colony losses was run between July 2009 and March 2012. Altogether 621 bee colonies, involving 16 different genetic origins of European honey bees, were tested in 21 locations spread in 11 countries. The genetic strains belonged to the subspeciesA. m. carnica, A. m. ligustica, A. m. macedonica, A. m. mellifera, A. m. siciliana.At each location, the local strain of bees was tested together with at least two "foreign" origins, with a minimum starting number of 10 colonies per origin. The common test protocol for all the colonies took into account colony survival, bee population in spring, summer and autumn, honey production, pollen collection, swarming, gentleness, hygienic behaviour,Varroa destructorinfestation,Nosemaspp. infection and viruses. Data collection was performed according to uniform methods. No chemical treatments against Varroa or other diseases were applied during the experiment. This article describes the details of the experiment set-up and the work protocol.
Instrumental Insemination of Honey Bee Queens During Flight Activity Predisposition Period 2. Number of Spermatozoa in Spermatheca
Authors: Gerula Dariusz , Panasiuk Beata , Węgrzynowicz Paweł , Bieńkowska Małgorzata 
Published: June 2012

Instrumental Insemination of Honey Bee Queens During Flight Activity Predisposition Period 2. Number of Spermatozoa in SpermathecaThe effect of the instrumental insemination of honeybee queens after they performed their orientation flight or attempted to perform the flight, on the number of sperm in the spermatheca was observed. Naturally mated queens and instrumentally inseminated queens were examined. Queens were instrumentally inseminated under one of the following 4 circumstances: the instrumentally inseminated queens were either 7 day olds and had been given either a short or long-CO2treatment, or they were inseminated after the trial flight or after returning from the orientation flight. Queens from the various groups had a similar number of spermatozoa in their spermatheca (on average, from 4.7 to 5.3 million). The number of spermatozoa filling the spermatheca influenced both the color and the texture of spermathecae. Significant differences in the number of spermatozoa were stated. Instrumentally inseminated queens that did not lay eggs had significantly less spermatozoa in their spermathecae (3.9 mln) than egg laying queens (5.5 mln).
Volume calculation and analysis of the changes in moraine-dammed lakes in the north Himalaya: a case study of Longbasaba lake
Authors: Yao Xiaojun , Liu Shiyin , Sun Meiping , Wei Junfeng , Guo Wanqin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGlacial lake outburst flood hazards in the Himalayan region have received considerable attention in recent years. Accurate volume estimation for glacial lakes is important for calculating outburst flood peak discharge and simulating flood evolution. Longbasaba lake, a potentially dangerous moraine-dammed lake, is located on the north side of the Himalaya. Its depth was surveyed using the SyQwest Hydrobox™ high-resolution echo sounder, and 6916 measurements were collected in September 2009. The maximum and average depths of the lake were 102 ± 2 and 48 ± 2 m, respectively. The morphology of the lake basin was modeled by constructing a triangulated irregular network, and the lake was found to have a storage capacity of 0.064 ± 0.002 km3. Multi-source remote-sensing images from Landsat MSS, Landsat TM/ETM+ and Terra ASTER and a topographic map were digitized to delineate the outlines of the lake between 1977 and 2009. The results indicate that the length and area of the lake have increased during the past 32 years, with a drastic expansion occurring since 2000. Based on volume and area data of Longbasaba lake in different periods, we deduced an empirical equation of the lake volume-area relationship that can be used to calculate the storage capacity of similar moraine-dammed lakes in the Himalayan region.
Radio-echo probing of Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, USA, during onset of melting and spring speed-up
Authors: Gades Anthony M. , Raymond Charles F. , Conway Howard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRadio-echo soundings were collected on Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, USA, from mid-May to mid-July 1993 to investigate spring speed-up and summer slowdown including high-speed events associated with three lake drainages. Temporal changes in echo power from all depths were highly correlated, indicating a strong effect from varying amounts of near-surface water. Evaluation of bed reflectivity was corrected for this effect based on the time variation of spatially stable patterns of internal scattering identified using principal component analysis. Hourly time series collected at two fixed locations over the deepest part of two valley cross sections showed no detectable change in bed reflection power (<5%) or phase (<0.05 rad). Reoccupation of fixed locations toward the margins at several-day intervals revealed changes in bed power reflectivity up to 50%, but with no definable relation to lake drainages. Theoretical analyses indicate that changes in reflectivity of <5% from a rock bed constrain basal water thickness changes to centimeter scale or less. Conductive basal till degrades the constraint to decimeter scale or more. Changes in bed reflectivity of 50% indicate probable absence of thick conductive till at such locations, and that the changes were caused by centimeter to decimeter changes in equivalent water thickness.
Dynamic inland propagation of thinning due to ice loss at the margins of the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Wang Weili , Li Jun , Zwally H. Jay 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMass-balance analysis of the Greenland ice sheet based on surface elevation changes observed by the European Remote-sensing Satellite (ERS) (1992-2002) and Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) (2003-07) indicates that the strongly increased mass loss at lower elevations (<2000 m) of the ice sheet, as observed during 2003-07, appears to induce interior ice thinning at higher elevations. In this paper, we perform a perturbation experiment with a three-dimensional anisotropic ice-flow model (AIF model) to investigate this upstream propagation. Observed thinning rates in the regions below 2000 m elevation are used as perturbation inputs. The model runs with perturbation for 10 years show that the extensive mass loss at the ice-sheet margins does in fact cause interior thinning on short timescales (i.e. decadal). The modeled pattern of thinning over the ice sheet agrees with the observations, which implies that the strong mass loss since the early 2000s at low elevations has had a dynamic impact on the entire ice sheet. The modeling results also suggest that even if the large mass loss at the margins stopped, the interior ice sheet would continue thinning for 300 years and would take thousands of years for full dynamic recovery.
Automated remote sensing of sediment plumes for identification of runoff from the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Tedstone Andrew J. , Arnold Neil S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe viability of employing sediment plumes emanating from outlets along the western margin of the Greenland ice sheet as indicators of runoff is assessed. An automated sediment plume quantification system based on daily 250 m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) band 1 reflectance imagery is developed. Coherent plumes are identified using spectral thresholds and polygon tracing. Validation employs imagery quality-control procedures and manual verification of plume areas. Outlets at land-terminating margins with wide and straight fjord geometries deliver the most accurate and consistent results. Plume area observations are also possible at marine-terminating margins with relatively static fronts and low proximal sea-ice concentrations. Variability in plume area is examined with reference to Special Satellite Microwave Imager (SSM/I)-derived daily melt extent at the hydrologic catchment scale. At annual timescales, plume areas tend to co-vary with surface melt extent, indicating that more mass is lost by runoff during years of extensive melting. Some synchronicity in plume areas from different catchments is apparent. At seasonal and daily timescales, plumes from individual outlets primarily relate to catchment-specific melting.