bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian regression approach to terrain mapping and an application to legged robot locomotion
Authors: Plagemann Christian , Mischke Sebastian , Prentice Sam , Kersting Kristian , Roy Nicholas , Burgard Wolfram 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe deal with the problem of learning probabilistic models of terrain surfaces from sparse and noisy elevation measurements. The key idea is to formalize this as a regression problem and to derive a solution based on nonstationary Gaussian processes. We describe how to achieve a sparse approximation of the model, which makes the model applicable to real‐world data sets. The main benefits of our model are that (1) it does not require a discretization of space, (2) it also provides the uncertainty for its predictions, and (3) it adapts its covariance function to the observed data, allowing more accurate inference of terrain elevation at points that have not been observed directly. As a second contribution, we describe how a legged robot equipped with a laser range finder can utilize the developed terrain model to plan and execute a path over rough terrain. We show how a motion planner can use the learned terrain model to plan a path to a goal location, using a terrain‐specific cost model to accept or reject candidate footholds. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first legged robotics system to autonomously sense, plan, and traverse a terrain surface of the given complexity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of IPFC Detailed Dynamic Model for Analysis of Power Flow Control and Small‐Signal Stability Enhancement
Authors: Zhang Jun , Yokoyama Akihiko , Ide Toshiro 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a study of the power flow control capability of the interline power flow controller (IPFC) and its effect on small‐signal stability enhancement. A detailed dynamic model of IPFC suitable for power system electromechanical stability analysis is developed in this paper. The power flow control capability of the proportional‐integral (PI) controllers and their effect on power oscillation damping are evaluated first, and modal analysis of the power system is carried out to demonstrate their effectiveness in small‐signal stability enhancement. Then the eigenvalue sensitivity based parameter optimization technique is adopted to optimize the control parameters of PI controllers in order to stabilize the oscillatory modes having insufficient damping ratios. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the IPFC with the proposed control is an effective tool for power flow control and small‐signal stability enhancement, and the optimized PI controllers also have a positive effect on improving the performance of IPFC in power flow control. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimal Control of Voltage in Distribution Systems by Voltage Reference Management
Authors: Senjyu Tomonobu , Toma Shohei , Tanaka Kenichi , Yona Atsushi , Urasaki Naomitsu , Funabashi Toshihisa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRecently, renewable energy technologies such as wind turbine generators and photovoltaic (PV) systems have been introduced as distributed generations (DGs). Connections of a large amount of distributed generations may cause voltage deviation beyond the statutory range in distribution systems. A reactive power control of DGs can be a solution of this problem, and it also has a possibility to reduce distribution loss. In this paper, we propose a control methodology of voltage profile in a distribution system using reactive power control of inverters interfaced with DGs and tap changing transformers. In the proposed method, a one‐day schedule of voltage references for the control devices are determined by an optimization technique based on predicted values of load demand and PV power generation. Reactive power control of interfaced inverters is implemented within the inverter capacity without reducing active power output. The proposed method accomplishes voltage regulation within the acceptable range and reduction of distribution loss. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulations. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimal Thermal Unit Commitment Integrated with Renewable Energy Sources Using Advanced Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Chakraborty Shantanu , Senjyu Tomonobu , Saber Ahmed Yousuf , Yona Atsushi , Funabashi Toshihisa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology for solving generation planning problem for thermal units integrated with wind and solar energy systems. The renewable energy sources are included in this model due to their low electricity cost and positive effect on environment. The generation planning problem also known by unit commitment problem is solved by a genetic algorithm operated improved binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Unlike trivial PSO, this algorithm runs the refinement process through the solutions within multiple populations. Some genetic algorithm operators such as crossover, elitism, and mutation are stochastically applied within the higher potential solutions to generate new solutions for next population. The PSO includes a new variable for updating velocity in accordance with population best along with conventional particle best and global best. The algorithm performs effectively in various sized thermal power system with equivalent solar and wind energy system and is able to produce high quality (minimized production cost) solutions. The solution model is also beneficial for reconstructed deregulated power system. The simulation results show the effectiveness of this algorithm by comparing the outcome with several established methods. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Next‐Day Peak Electricity Price Forecasting Using NN Based on Rough Sets Theory
Authors: Senjyu Tomonobu , Toyama Hirofumi , Areekul Phatchakorn , Chakraborty Shantanu , Yona Atsushi , Urasaki Naomitsu , Funabashi Toshihisa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractElectricity price forecasting is an essential task for market participants in deregulated electricity market. This paper proposes an approach for next‐day peak electricity price forecasting, since it is important for risk management and bidding strategy. In the proposed method, neural network (NN) is employed as the forecasting method, and its learning data is selected by using rough sets. Moreover, the creating method of learning data based on temperature fluctuation is also proposed for generation of new learning data in order to efficiently learn. This method is examined by using the data of Pennsylvania‐New Jersey‐Maryland (PJM) electricity market and The independent electricity system operator (IESO) market. From the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed method is useful for next‐day peak electricity price forecasting. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Application of Multi‐Objective Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms to Reactive Power Planning Problem
Authors: Eghbal Mehdi , Yorino Naoto , Zoka Yoshifumi , El‐Araby E. E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach to treat reactive power (VAr) planning problem using multi‐objective evolutionary algorithms (EAs). Specifically, strength Pareto EA (SPEA) and multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) approaches have been developed and successfully applied. The overall problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained multi‐objective optimization problem. Minimizing the total incurred cost of the VAr planning problem and maximizing the amount of available transfer capability (ATC) are defined as the main objective functions. The aim is to find the optimal allocation of VAr devices in such a way that investment and operating costs are minimized and at the same time the amount of ATC is maximized. The proposed approaches have been successfully tested on IEEE 14 buses system. As a result a wide set of optimal solutions known as Pareto set is obtained and encouraging results show the superiority of the proposed approaches and confirm their potential to solve such a large‐scale multi‐objective optimization problem. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Solving the Bipartite Subgraph Problem Using Genetic Algorithm with Conditional Genetic Operators
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Qiang , Wang Rong‐Long , Okazaki Kozo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBipartite subgraph problem is an important example of a class of combinatorial optimization problems. It has many important applications in modeling matching problem, modern coding theory, communication network, and computer science. The goal of this NP‐complete problem is to find a bipartite subgraph with maximum number of edges of the given graph. In this paper, for efficiently solving the problem, we propose a genetic algorithm‐based approach in which the genetic operators are performed based on the condition instead of probability. The proposed algorithm is tested on a large number of instances, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to its competitors. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Basic Study of a Ship Navigator's Stress Using Salivary Amylase Activity
Authors: Murai Koji , Wakida Shin‐ichi , Miyado Takashi , Fukushi Keiichi , Hayashi Yuji 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEvaluation of ship handling mental workload/training has usually depended on professionals (captain, pilot) who have a lot of experience on board. We are attempting to evaluate a ship navigator's mental workload (stress) based on a physiological index. The physiological indices, heart rate variability (R‐R interval) and nasal temperature, are good indices of the stress found in ship handling. It is best if we get response and evaluation results quickly on the spot. A recent study shows salivary amylase activity is induced by the sympathetic nervous system; however, a research on ship navigator has not yet accepted worldwide. This article proposes that salivary amylase activity shows a ship navigator's stress during ship handling. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pr4S3[AsS3]2: Praseodym(III)‐Sulfid‐Thioarsenat(III) mit Ketten und Schichten aus kondensierten [SPr4]‐Tetraedern
Authors: Kang Dong‐Hee , Schleid Thomas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSingle crystals of Pr4S3[AsS3]2 can be obtained through the reaction between the elements praseodymium, arsenic and sulfur using CsCl as fluxing agent in torch‐sealed evacuated silica ampoules. The starting materials were heated for ten days at 700 °C and then cooled down slowly to room temperature. The transparent, pale greenish yellow platelets crystallize orthorhombically (a = 2910.6(2), b = 699.74(5), c = 704.51(5) pm) in space group Pbcn (no. 60) with Z = 4. The new compound Pr4As2S9 (≡ Pr4S3[AsS3]2) contains two crystallographically independent Pr3+ cations. (Pr1)3+ shows a bicapped trigonal prismatic environment of eight sulfur atoms (CN = 8), whereas (Pr2)3+ is surrounded by only seven sulfur atoms in the shape of a monocapped trigonal prism (CN = 7). The isolated pyramidal thioarsenate(III) anions [AsS3]3– are formed as ψ1‐tetrahedra by the three sulfur atoms (d(As3+–S2–) = 223–228 pm, ∢(S–As–S) = 94–104°) and a non‐binding electron pair (lone pair) at each As3+ cation. Two of the five crystallographically different sulfur atoms (S1 and S2) are not connected to As3+ at all, but coordinated by four Pr3+ cations each to build up slightly distorted [SPr4]10+ tetrahedra (d(S2––Pr3+) = 281–289 pm, ∢(Pr–S–Pr) = 98–146°). Thus the crystal structure of Pr4S3[AsS3]2 exhibits endless {}^1_∞{[(S1)Pr4/2]4+} chains and {}^2_∞{[(S2)Pr4/4]+} layers, which consist of trans‐edge condensed [(S1)Pr4]10+ tetrahedra for the chains and [(S2)Pr4]10+ tetrahedra sharing four common edges for layers. The lone pairs at the As3+ cations close around the{}^1_∞{[(S1)Pr4/2]4+} chains running along [001]. The {}^2_∞{[(S2)Pr4/4]+} layers spread out parallel to the (100) plane and complete the crystal structure of Pr4S3[AsS3]2 according to {}^1_∞{[(S1)(Pr1)4/2]4+}{}^2_∞{([(S2)(Pr2)4/4]+)2} {}^0_∞{([As(S3)(S4)(S5)]3–)2}.
Exercise and health in frail elderly people: a review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: de Souto Barreto Philipe 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Frailty is a physiological syndrome that increases the risk of poor health. Although some research has been conducted to study the benefits of physical exercise in frail elderly populations, different operational definitions of frailty have been used, and this makes the studies difficult to compare. The present review was aimed at examining the influence of exercise on health in frail older adults. Studies using randomized controlled trials that administered an exercise program to a frail elderly population and that had an operational definition of frailty were selected from publications between January 2000 and October 2008. Information about the study population, frailty criteria, exercise program, principles of exercise training, randomization procedures, main and secondary outcome measures, study follow-up, and control group characteristics was taken from these studies, and the results from a final sample of 28 articles are discussed. Exercise training seems to be a safe and effective tool for promoting and maintaining optimal health levels in a wide variety of vulnerable older adults. However, the lack of studies on a well-defined frail older adult sample with selection procedures based on current knowledge in this field does not allow us, at the present time, to conclude that exercise influences health in this population. Further research is needed to confirm the benefits of exercise on health in frail older adults. The study population must be selected based on current knowledge in the area of frailty, and the design of the exercise program must be based on principles of training.
Physical Properties of Rice Bran Wax in Bulk and Organogels
Authors: Dassanayake Lakmali Samuditha K. , Kodali Dharma R. , Ueno S. , Sato K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to examine the thermal behavior, crystal structure, and crystal morphology of rice bran wax (RBX) in bulk and oil–wax mixtures, and to compare them with those of carnauba wax (CRX) and candellila wax (CLX). The RBX employed in the present study was separated from rice bran oil by winterization, filtration, refinement, bleaching, and deodorization. The RBX crystals melted in the bulk state at 77–79 °C with ΔHmelting = 190.5 J/g, which is quite large compared with CLX (129 J/g) and CRX (137.6 J/g). XRD data of the RBX crystals revealed O⊥ subcell packing and a long spacing value of 6.9 nm. Thin long needle‐shaped crystals were observed in the mixtures of RBX and liquid oils [olive oil and salad oil (canola:soy bean oil = 50:50)]; therefore, the dispersion of RBX crystals in these liquid oils was much finer than that of CRX and CLX crystals. Organogels formed when the mixture of every plant wax and liquid oil was melted at elevated temperature and cooled to ambient temperature. However, the mixture of RBX and olive oil at a concentration ratio of 1:99 wt.% formed an organogel at 20 °C, whereas the lowest concentration necessary for CRX to form an organogel in olive oil was 4 wt.% and that for CLX was 2 wt.%. Observation of the rate of gel formation using DSC and viscosity measurements indicated that the gel structure formed soon after RBX crystallized, whereas a time delay was observed between the organogel formation and wax crystallization of CRX and CLX. These results demonstrate RBX’s good organogel‐forming properties, mostly because of its fine dispersion of long needle like crystals in liquid oil phases.
Characterization of Aromatherapy Massage Oils Prepared from Virgin Coconut Oil and Some Essential Oils
Authors: Songkro Sarunyoo , Sirikatitham Anusak , Sungkarak Supreedee , Buaking Khemmarat , Wungsintaweekul Juraithip , Maneenuan Duangkhae , Oungbho Kwunchit 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize aromatherapy massage oils prepared from virgin coconut oil (VCO) and some essential oils. VCO extracted from fresh coconut endosperm by a centrifugation method, which was the most effective method to prepare VCO, was composed mainly of saturated fatty acids, in particular myristic acid. Three essential oils (lemon, eucalyptus and lavender oils) at concentrations of 1, 3 and 5% w/w were blended with the VCO to prepare massage oils. Physical and chemical properties as well as microbial analysis of the massage oils were assessed to evaluate quality characteristics of the preparations. Results showed that types and concentrations of essential oils used somewhat affected viscosity, refractive index and three chemical characteristics (acid, peroxide, and iodine values) associated with oxidative stability of the massage oils. Generally the rank order of acid, peroxide and iodine values of the freshly prepared massage oils appeared to be lemon oil > lavender oil > eucalyptus oil. The results of a accelerated storage stability study (45 °C, 4 months) clearly showed a dramatic increase in both acid and peroxide values of VCO and the blended massage oils compared to initial values, whereas the iodine values of these preparations decreased slightly. The plain VCO and the blended massage oils did not exhibit antimicrobial activity on the test microorganisms and were free from microbial contamination.
Dangerous or merely ‘difficult’? The new population of forensic mental hospitals
Authors: Schanda H. , Stompe T. , Ortwein-Swoboda G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundDuring recent decades, there has been a substantial increase in admissions to forensic mental hospitals in several European countries. It is not known if reforms implemented in mental health policies and practices are responsible for this development.ObjectiveOur study examined the development of mental health care in Austria and the incidence and prevalence of mentally disordered offenders judged not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI).MethodsWe analysed data on service provision and data from criminal statistics between 1970 and 2008 from several national sources.ResultsDuring the first decade when reforms to mental health practice were implemented, the incidence and prevalence of offenders judged NGRI remained unchanged, despite a reduction of mental hospital beds by nearly 50% and little outpatient care. Surprisingly, the enormous increase in admissions to forensic inpatient treatment began in Austria only after community mental health services were rolled out across the country in the 1990s. This increase was primarily due to admissions of patients who had committed less severe offences, while rates of those who had committed homicide remained unchanged.ConclusionOur results cannot be explained by details of the reforms such as the downsizing of mental hospitals or a lack of outpatient facilities, nor by changes to criminal sentencing. Rather, the results provide evidence of an increasingly inadequate provision of comprehensive care for “difficult” but not extremely dangerous psychotic patients living in the community. This may result from the attitudes of mental health professionals who have become less inclined to integrate aggressive behaviour into their understanding of psychosis. As a consequence, increasing numbers of “difficult” patients end up in forensic psychiatric institutions. This development, which can be observed in nearly all European countries, raises concerns with regard to efforts to destigmatize both patients and psychiatry.
Thyroid hormone induces glial lineage of primary neurospheres derived from non‐pathological and pathological rat brain: implications for remyelination‐enhancing therapies
Authors: Fernández M. , Paradisi M. , Del Vecchio G. , Giardino L. , Calzà L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThyroid hormone exerts a critical role in developmental myelination, acting on the production and maturation of oligodendrocyte, and on the expression of genes encoding for myelin protein. Since remyelination is considered a recapitulation of cellular and molecular events occurring during development, we tested the possibility of stimulating the oligodendroglial lineage and maturation in neurospheres derived from the subventricular zone of adult rats using 3,5,3′‐l‐triiodothyronine (T3). Both non‐pathological and pathological brains derived from rats affected by the inflammatory‐demyelinating disease experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were included in the study. We investigated the effect of in vitro T3 exposure on: (i) the expression of nuclear thyroid hormone receptors; (ii) proliferation rate; (iii) differentiation into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, focusing our attention on oligodendrocyte maturation. T3 reduced the proliferation rate of neurospheres when cultured in the presence of mitogens, shifting towards oligodendroglial lineage as indicated by increased expression of olig‐1, and also favoring oligodendrocyte maturation, as indicated by the expression of antigens associated with different maturation stages. Neurospheres derived from EAE rats show a strong limitation in oligodendrocyte generation, which is completely restored by T3 treatment. These results indicate that T3 is a key factor in regulating neurosphere biology, when derived either from non‐pathological or pathological adult brains, suggesting that T3 might be an important factor in favoring remyelination in demyelinating disorders.
NADPH‐d/NOS reactivity in the lumbar dorsal horn of congenitally hypothyroid pups before and after formalin pain induction
Authors: Akbari Zahra , Rohani Mohammad H. , Behzadi Gila 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that congenitally hypothyroid rat pups exhibit altered behavioral response to formalin pain induction during postnatal period. In the present study, using NADPH‐diaphorase histochemistry and NOS immunostaining, we investigated the effect of congenital hypothyroidism on the NOS expression in spinal cord of intact neonates at postnatal days of 15 and 21. We also examined the effect of thyroid dysfunction on the NADPH‐d/NOS expression in response to formalin nociception. Congenital hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment started from gestational day 16 and continued to postnatal day 15 or 21. Congenitally hypothyroid pups exhibited marked reduction in NADPH‐d reactive cells (84% and 66% in P15 and P21, respectively; P < 0.001) and NOS‐ir cells (52% and 91% in P15 and P21, respectively; P < 0.001) in superficial lumbar dorsal horn laminae (I–II) as compared to that of normal pups. Moreover, in congenitally hypothyroid pups the NADPH‐d/NOS expression following hindpaw formalin injection did not change significantly. Our results demonstrate that congenital hypothyroidism affect developmental expression of NOS in spinal dorsal horn, which may in part explain the altered behavioral pain response as we previously reported in hypothyroid pups.