bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements of the Exerted Pressure by Pelvic Circumferential Compression Devices
Authors: Knops Simon P. , van Riel Marcel P.J.M. , Goossens Richard H.M. , van Lieshout Esther M.M. , Patka Peter , Schipper Inger B. 
Published: November 2010

Background:
Data on the efficacy and safety of non-invasive Pelvic Circumferential Compression Devices (PCCDs) is limited. Tissue damage may occur if a continuous pressure on the skin exceeding 9.3 kPa is sustained for more than two or three hours. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the pressure build-up at the interface, by measuring the PCCD-induced pressure when applying pulling forces to three different PCCDs (Pelvic Binder®, SAM-Sling® and T-POD®) in a simplified model.

Methods:
The resulting exerted pressures were measured at four ‘anatomical’ locations (right, left, posterior and anterior) in a model using a pressure measurement system consisting of pressure cuffs.

Results:
The exerted pressure varied substantially between the locations as well as between the PCCDs. Maximum pressures ranged from 18.9-23.3 kPa and from 19.2-27.5 kPa at the right location and left location, respectively. Pressures at the posterior location stayed below 18 kPa. At the anterior location pressures varied markedly between the different PCCDs.

Conclusion:
The circmferential compression by the different PCCDs showed high pressures measured at the four locations using a simplified model. Difference in design and functional characteristics of the PCCDs resulted in different pressure build-up at the four locations. When following the manufacturer’s instructions, the exerted pressure of all three PCCDs tested exceeded the tissue damaging level (9.3 kPa). In case of prolonged use in a clinical situation this might put patients at risk for developing tissue damage.
Legal termination of a pregnancy resulting from transplanted cryopreserved ovarian tissue
Authors: Greve Tine , Ernst Erik , Markholt Sara , Schmidt Kirsten T. , Andersen Claus Y. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCryopreservation of ovarian tissue is a promising new technique for fertility preservation in patients facing gonadotoxic treatment. Ovarian tissue is extracted and cryo‐stored at low temperature prior to treatment. If the woman becomes menopausal, the tissue can be transplanted and a few months later the woman will start to ovulate and be able to conceive, naturally or with assisted reproduction treatment. Currently, 12 healthy children have been born worldwide as a result of transplanting frozen/thawed ovarian tissue. Of these children 3 are Danish and a number of other Danish women are currently attempting to become pregnant. One of these women conceived naturally and had a normal intrauterine pregnancy following transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. However, the woman decided to terminate the pregnancy within the legal time frame. This pregnancy imposes cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for fertility preservation as a valid method and illustrates that personal life circumstances may rapidly change.
Self‐reported smoking habits and serum cotinine levels in women with placental abruption
Authors: Tikkanen Minna , Surcel Heljä‐Marja , Bloigu Aini , Nuutila Mika , Ylikorkala Olavi , Hiilesmaa Vilho , Paavonen Jorma 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective. Smoking is an important risk factor for placental abruption with strong dose‐dependency. Pregnant smokers often underreport tobacco use which can be objectively assessed by measuring serum cotinine levels. We examined the accuracy between self‐reported smoking habits and early pregnancy serum cotinine levels in women with or without placental abruption. Design. Retrospective case‐control study. Setting. University Hospital. Population. A total of 175 women with placental abruption and 370 control women. Methods. Serum samples collected during the first trimester were analyzed for serum cotinine levels. Cotinine concentration over 15 ng/ml was considered as the cutoff indicating active smoking. Smoking habits of the women and their partners were recorded at the same visit. Main outcome measure. Placental abruption. Results. Of the cases of women with placental abruption, 27.4% reported smoking compared with 14.3% of the controls (p < 0.001). Based on serum cotinine levels, 30.3% of the case women and 17.6% of the control women were considered smokers (p = 0.003). Serum cotinine levels among smokers were higher in the abruption group than in the control group (median 229.5 ng/ml (interquartile range 169.8–418.1) vs. 153.5 ng/ml (56.6–241.4), p = 0.002). Self‐reported number of cigarettes smoked daily correlated well with the cotinine levels (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Of the women reporting as nonsmokers, approximately 7% were considered smokers based on cotinine testing. Conclusion. Pregnant women with subsequent placental abruption are heavier smokers than pregnant control women. Self‐reported smoking habits correlate well with serum cotinine levels in Finland. Therefore, self‐reported smoking can be considered as a risk marker for placental abruption.
Extended endoscopic endonasal approach for selected pituitary adenomas: early experience
Authors: Di Maio Salvatore , Cavallo Luigi M. , Esposito Felice , Stagno Vita , Corriero Olga Valeria , Cappabianca Paolo 
Published: November 2010

Object
Whereas most pituitary adenomas are removable via the transsphenoidal approach, certain cases, such as dumbbell-shaped or suprasellar adenomas and recurrent and/or fibrous tumors, remain difficult to treat. The authors present their experience with the extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the suprasellar area in managing this subset of tumors, which are classically treated through a transcranial route.

Methods
From June 1997 to December 2008, 615 patients underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas in the Department of Neurosurgery of the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. Of this group, 20 patients with pituitary adenomas needed an extended endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum/transplanum approach for tumor removal. Two surgical corridors were used during the transsphenoidal approach: 1) the conventional endosellar extraarachnoidal corridor and 2) a suprasellar transarachnoidal corridor.

Results
The extent of resection was gross total in 12 (60%) of the 20 patients, near total in 4 (20%), subtotal in 3 (15%), and partial in 1 (5%). Postoperative CSF leakage occurred in 1 patient. One patient experienced worsening of temporal hemianopsia.

Conclusions
The authors' initial results with the extended endoscopic approach to the suprasellar area for selected pituitary adenomas are promising and may justify a widening of the current classical indications for transsphenoidal surgery.
What Do Surgical Oncology Staff Nurses Know About Colorectal Cancer Ostomy Care?
Authors: Gemmill Robin , Kravits Kathy , Ortiz Mildred , Anderson Casandra , Lai Lily , Grant Marcia 
Published: November 2010

Background:
For most patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, dealing with the adjustment and rehabilitation after treatment can be overwhelming. There is a significant need for expert educational and counseling support, especially for the patient with a new ostomy. This pilot study describes acute care oncology staff nurses’ knowledge about and attitudes toward providing direct ostomy care support and education. This study is part of a larger project assessing gaps in education and services in support of patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods:
The Survey on Ostomy Care questionnaire designed to assess nurses’ knowledge about and attitudes toward ostomy care was administered to oncology staff nurses at a comprehensive cancer center.

Results:
Only 30% of staff nurses surveyed strongly agreed or agreed with the statement, “I care for ostomy patients often enough to keep up my skills in ostomy care.” Maintaining staff nurses’ ability to teach and demonstrate to patients complex care such as ostomy care depends on the ability to practice both education and hands-on skills. Staff nurses identify that lack of opportunity to care for the new ostomy patient influences their ability to maintain skill expertise.

Conclusion:
The results show the need to explore the provision of ongoing staff education for low-volume patient populations using creative teaching strategies, such as clinical simulation and short videos.
The Anteroposterior Axis of the Tibia in Total Knee Arthroplasty for Chinese Knees
Authors: Tao Kun , Cai Ming , Li Shao-hua 
Published: November 2010

The goal of this study was to corroborate the use of Akagi’s anteroposterior (AP) axis as a rotation reference axis for the tibial component. Transverse computed tomography (CT) scans of the knees of 20 healthy Chinese men (mean age, 34.2±7.9 years; range, 20–43 years) and 20 healthy Chinese women (mean age, 36.7±5.8 years; range, 25–48 years) were obtained. Measurements taken from CT slices at the level of the tibial plateau revealed a mean percentage of the patellar tendon intersected by the AP axis from its medial border of 8%±8.1% (range, 8.1%–23.5%). When the defined AP axis was superimposed on CT slices at the level of the patellar tendon attachment, mean percentage of the width of the patellar tendon intersected by the AP axis from its medial border was 0.2%±10%. Mean angle measurement of angle α was 0.1°±2.7° (range, −5.1° to 5.8°). Mean angle measurement of angle β, or the angle created by the AP axis and the medial third of the patellar tendon from the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament, was 10.3°±3.6° (range, 2.4°–18.8°).
The study confirms that Akagi’s AP line is reproducible and reliable. The AP line can be used as a rotation reference axis for the tibial component during preoperative CT scanning of the knee.
One-Stage Posterior Approach and Combined Interbody and Posterior Fusion for Thoracolumbar Spinal Tuberculosis with Kyphosis in Children
Authors: Zhang Hong-Qi , Wang Yu-Xiang , Guo Chao-Feng , Liu Jin-Yang , Wu Jian-Huang , Chen Jing , Guo Dai , Tang Ming-Xing 
Published: November 2010

The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy and feasibility of surgical management of advanced thoracolumbar spine tuberculosis with kyphosis in children in poor general condition with 1-stage posterior decompression, interbody grafts, and posterior instrumentation and fusion.
Between 2006 and 2008, 7 children with advanced thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis accompanied by kyphosis and in poor general condition were treated with 1-stage posterior decompression, interbody grafts, and posterior instrumentation and fusion followed by chemotherapy. Mean follow-up was 34 months (range, 27–42 months). Patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neurological status, pain, spinal canal compromise, and kyphotic angle. Spinal tuberculosis was completely cured and the grafted bones fused in all 7 patients. There was no recurrence of the disease in any patient at final follow-up. In all patients, ESR was normal within 3 months, Frankel neurological classification improved, and pain relief was obtained. Average canal compromise was 52.57% (range, 35%–75%) preoperatively and 9.86% (range, 0%–19%) postoperatively. Average preoperative kyphosis was 37.9°, which decreased to 5.4° postoperatively. There was no significant loss of correction at last follow-up.
Our results show that 1-stage posterior decompression, interbody grafts, and posterior instrumentation and fusion followed by chemotherapy is an alternative treatment for children with advanced thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis and in poor general condition.
Sacral Stress Fracture in a Professional Hockey Player: A Case Report
Authors: Southam Jodi D. , Silvis Matthew L. , Black Kevin P. 
Published: November 2010

Lumbosacral pain is common in the general population and among athletes. Many athletes are diagnosed with low back strain and treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, rest, and muscle relaxers. However, the differential for low back pain in athletes is broad and includes many potential etiologies such as: lumbar disk disease, facet arthropathy, spondylolysis, sacroiliitis, tendinopathies, ligament sprains, hip pathology, bursitis, intraabdominal processes, and neoplasm. Sacral stress fractures are included among the many possibilities.
Stress fractures are rare in the general population, with a <1% incidence over a lifetime, but up to 20% of runners may experience a stress fracture while participating in their sport. Athletes are unique as they engage in prolonged strenuous activities, both in practice and competition. Sports activities have the potential of placing extreme amounts of repetitive loading on bones, articular surfaces, and soft tissues throughout the body, including the sacrum. Hockey players place considerable demands on their pelvis during training and competition given the physical demands of the sport.
This article presents a case of a delayed diagnosis of a sacral stress fracture in a professional hockey player. This is the first known report of a hockey-related sacral stress fracture.
Treatment of Metastatic Bone Lesions in the Upper Extremity: Indications for Surgery
Authors: Muramatsu Keiichi , Ihara Koichiro , Iwanagaa Ryuta , Taguchi Toshihiko 
Published: November 2010

Pathological fractures caused by metastatic malignant disease have been the subject of increasing interest in recent years. This article describes our experience with the treatment of metastatic bone disease of the upper extremity and our attempt to clarify the indications for different surgical procedures. Of 53 patients with metastatic lesions to the upper extremity, 20 who had been surgically treated were analyzed retrospectively. These comprised 13 men and 7 women with a mean patient age of 62 years. The most common primary tumors to metastasize were lung and liver, with the humerus involved in 12 cases and the scapula and forearm in 4 cases each. Four patients with scapula and forearm involvement underwent tumor resection due to uncontrollable tumor size, while 3 were successfully treated by selective arterial embolization. Three metastases to the humeral head were reconstructed with endoprosthesis, but functional restriction was noted. Five cases with metastases to the humeral shaft were treated with tumor curettage, internal fixation using intramedullary nailing, adjuvant cryosurgery, and cementing. This achieved good results for pain relief and functional restoration with minimal complications. Two metastases to the humeral condyle were unable to be stabilized with plate and locking screws.
Metastatic lesions to the scapula and forearm are commonly treated nonsurgically, but some patients with uncontrollable tumor mass require surgical resection. Endoprosthetic replacement is recommended if the lesion involves the humeral head or condyle. Most patients with the humeral shaft lesion are likely to benefit from tumor curettage, intramedullary nailing with locking screw, and cementing.
Emerging Therapies for the Management of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Namaka Michael , Leong Christine , Prout Michael , Le Dorze Josee-Anne , Limerick Mike , Frost Emma , Esfahani Farid 
Published: November 2010

Objective To provide a comprehensive overview on the emerging treatments used for the treatment management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Data Sources PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Toxnet databases were used to conduct all comprehensive literature searches over the time period of 1989 to 2009. Search terms such as: multiple sclerosis and oral treatment, monoclonal antibodies, hormonal therapy, and stem cell transplant were used as key word search indicators. Study Selection A total of 48 studies were reviewed and selected based on Level 1, 2, and 3 search strategies. Data Extraction Level 1 search strategies were initially aimed at evidence-based trials of large sample size (N > 100) with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design in the area of specialized interest. A level 2 search was conducted for additional trials that had many but not all of the desirable traits of evidence-based trials. In addition, a level 3 search strategy was conducted to compare key findings stated in anecdotal reports of very small (N < 15), poorly designed trials with the results of well-designed, evidence-based trials identified in level 1 and/or level 2 searches. Data Synthesis and Conclusion Despite the wide array of recent treatment advances in the field of MS, the cure still remains elusive. At present, current available treatments at best are only able to slow disease progression by reducing the incidence severity and duration of MS attacks. Recent treatment advances involving the use of newly designed orally administered drugs, monoclonal antibodies with the introduction of stem cell transplantation have revolutionized clinical outcomes for MS patients. Despite great strides made toward disease attenuation, the risks associated with the new treatments are real and have to be weighed against the projected benefits of drug treatment for a disease which has no cure.
An overview of various validated HPLC and LC‐MS/MS methods for quantitation of drugs in bile: challenges and considerations
Authors: Srinivas Nuggehally R. , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlthough plasma/serum is the preferred matrix for the characterization of pharmacokinetic parameters, recent years have witnessed the emergence of bile matrix as another tool for refining the pharmacokinetic disposition of drug(s) and the associated metabolite(s). The biliary excretion mechanism represents an important path for drug elimination through feces. Also, there are numerous examples in which bile samples have been shown to concentrate both drug and its metabolite(s) in a much higher proportion as compared with the circulating blood levels and may act as a reservoir for the re‐entry of the drug and its metabolite(s) to the systemic circulation once the bile gets drained into the small intestine.Firstly, the review provides a comprehensive overview of various analytical methods that have been adopted for bile sample analysis with a description of extraction steps, chromatography and validation protocol. Secondly, it provides a discussion on bioanalytical related strategies including bile sample collection requirements. Thirdly, a brief discussion on fit‐for‐use method strategy is also presented to enable an optimum allotment of resources for bile related analysis; and finally, the use of bile matrix in several mechanistic studies to probe efflux mechanisms and/or drug–drug interaction potential has been presented with relevant case studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color classification using color vision models
Authors: Jetsu Tuija , Essiarab Yasser , Heikkinen Ville , Jaaskelainen Timo , Parkkinen Jussi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAccording to recent physiological research results, there are many individual differences already at the detection level of our color vision system. It is not completely clear yet, how the other levels of color vision system compensate the detection differences. Instead of detecting and analyzing colors exactly in the same way, we all just have learned to classify colors in a certain way, which seems to lead almost always to the same result independent of the individual differences in the color vision system. In this article, we experiment with four models developed for replicating certain properties of human color vision. We examine the color classification abilities of these models and show the differences and similarities in their behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010.
Morphology of the Loop of Henle, Distal Tubule, and Collecting Duct
Authors: Kaissling B. , Kriz W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Loops of HenleIntermediate TubuleThick Ascending LimbMacula DensaDistal SegmentsDefinition and NomenclatureGeneral Cytological Organization of the Distal SegmentsDistal Convoluted TubuleConnecting TubuleCortical Collecting DuctMedullary Collecting DuctsMicroanatomical Organization and Histotopographical AspectsOuter Medullary Collecting DuctInner Medullary Collecting DuctCytochemical AspectsStructure—Function CorrelationsIntercalated CellsCell StructureIntercalated Cells in the CortexCytochemical AspectsDistribution of Intercalated Cells in the Kidney ZonesStructure—Function Correlations
Principles of Electrolyte Transport Across Plasma Membranes of Renal Tubular Cells
Authors: Burckhardt Gerhard , Greger Rainer 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Principles of Sodium ReabsorptionCoupling of Sodium Transport to Bicarbonate AbsorptionCoupling of Sodium Reabsorption to ChlorideRheogenic Sodium ReabsorptionComparative Energetic AspectsPrinciples of Proton SecretionSodium‐Dependent Proton SecretionSodium‐Independent Proton SecretionComparative Energetic AspectsPrinciples of Sodium‐Coupled Solute AbsorptionSpecificitySource of EnergyHomocellular Regulation MechanismsPrinciples of Solute Uptake Across the Basolateral MembraneAnion Transport Systems in the Basolateral MembranePAHSecretion: A Tertiary Active ProcessConclusion
Genetic Models of Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: Valtin Heinz 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Classification of Diabetes InsipidusHypothalamic Diabetes InsipidusHistory of the Brattleboro RatBiosynthesis of VasopressinPathophysiology of Hypothalamic Diabetes InsipidusNephrogenic Diabetes InsipidusDescription of Mouse StrainsCauses: Corticopapillary Gradient vs. Water PermeabilityDefects in the Mouse StrainsPathophysiology of Nephrogenic Diabetes InsipidusOther Applications of the ModelsAmount of Water Reabsorbed from Collecting DuctsThe Running StartHyponatremia during Sodium DepletionEssentiality of VasopressinUse of Both Models SimultaneouslyNephron HeterogeneityInnervation of Vasopressin NeuronsAlcohol PreferenceSummary and Concluding Remarks