bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high‐resolution wavefront compensating system using a liquid‐crystal on silicon chip
Authors: Eng Seow‐Hwang , Reinholz Fred , Chai Douglas 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article experimentally demonstrates an active adaptive optics system based on a liquid‐crystal on silicon chip to correct for aberrations in an artificial eye. By comparing the experimentally obtained and simulated PSF images before and after correction, results show that the chip can perform wavefront corrections in the optical system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2979–2985, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24794
A modified two‐strip monopole antenna for WiFi and WiMAX applications
Authors: Chung Kwok L. , Mak T. H. , Tam W. Y. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article reports a modification of two‐strip monopole antenna, which was an undergraduate final year project. The modified antenna uses a thicker substrate when compared with the original design while maintaining the monopole radiation characteristics at the WiFi frequency bands of 2.4 and 5 GHz. One of the significant improvements of the antenna is the inclusion of the mobile WiMAX frequency band at 3.5 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2884–2886, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24801
A hexagonal ultra‐wideband antenna with notched band
Authors: Li Peng , Ma Liuchuan , Li Jun‐Shan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA planar hexagonal patch monopole ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna with band‐notch feature is proposed for UWB communication applications. The notched band is realized by cutting off a pair of tilted slot on the hexagonal patch, which can be tuned. The roles of various design parameters are characterized and examined. Optimal parameters are used eventually for experiments. Good agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2917–2921, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24802
Switchable dual‐mode filter
Authors: Sung Youngje 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this article, a novel type of dual‐mode resonator for switchable filters is presented. The novel structure is achieved by embedding a pair of crossed slots and spur‐lines. The proposed filter provides low‐insertion loss, because there are no coupling gaps and radiation loss in feed structure. Using two PIN diodes mounted inside a pair of spur‐lines, the proposed structure works as a switchable filter. The two diodes are utilized to switch the spur‐lines ON or OFF. The switchable filter is built with <1.35 dB in the passband. When the diodes are ON, there is isolation over 15 dB in passband. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 3019–3021, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24810
In vitro, high‐resolution 1H and 31P NMR based analysis of the lipid components in the tissue, serum, and CSF of the patients with primary brain tumors: one possible diagnostic view
Authors: Srivastava Niraj Kumar , Pradhan Sunil , Gowda G. A. Nagana , Kumar Raj 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn vitro, high‐resolution 1H and 31P NMR based qualitative and quantitative analyses of the lipid components of the tissue, serum, and CSF of patients with primary brain tumors were performed. Proton NMR spectra of the lipid extract of serum (blood specimen collected before the surgical procedure) and surgically discarded tissue showed that the total cholesterol (T.CHOL) and choline containing phospholipids (PL) were significantly higher in quantity in medulloblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme as compared to normal subjects. Serum lipid extracts of grade II/ III gliomas showed a higher quantity of PL than normal subjects. Cholestrol esters (CHOLest) were detectable in the tissue lipid extract of the patients with tumors and absent in normal tissue. There was a reduction in the quantity of CHOLest in the serum lipid extract of the tumor patients as compared to normal subjects. Ratio of PL to T.CHOL in serum lipid extract showed a significant difference between different grades of tumors versus normal subjects, while, a significant difference was observed only in medulloblastoma versus normal subjects in tissue lipid extract. Ratio of CHOL to CHOLest distinguishes the different grades of tumors versus normal subjects as well as between different grades of tumors (except medulloblastoma versus glioblastoma). The ratio of the Ph (total phospholipids except phosphatidylcholine) to PC (phosphatidylcholine) in 31P NMR based study showed a significant difference in all grades of tumors (except medulloblastoma) in normal subjects in tissue lipid extract as well as between different grades of tumors. Medulloblastoma could be differentiated from glioblastoma as well as from normal subjects in serum lipid extract by the ratio of the Ph to PC. Proton NMR spectra of the lipid extract of CSF showed that the CHOL, CHOLest, and PL were present in the patients with tumors, although these were absent in the patients with meningitis, motor neuron disease, and mitochondrial myopathies as well as in normal subjects. PL and T.CHOL provided discrimination between different grades of tumors (except glioblastoma versus medulloblastoma) in the lipid extract of the CSF. This study suggests the role of lipid estimation in CSF and serum as a complementary diagnostic tool for the evaluation of brain tumors preoperatively. NMR‐based lipid estimation of post‐surgical tumor tissue may also contribute to differentiating the tumor types. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phynx: an open source software solution supporting data management and web‐based patient‐level data review for drug safety studies in the general practice research database and other health care databases
Authors: Egbring Marco , Kullak‐Ublick Gerd A. , Russmann Stefan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurposeTo develop a software solution that supports management and clinical review of patient data from electronic medical records databases or claims databases for pharmacoepidemiological drug safety studies.MethodsWe used open source software to build a data management system and an internet application with a Flex client on a Java application server with a MySQL database backend. The application is hosted on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud. This solution named Phynx supports data management, Web‐based display of electronic patient information, and interactive review of patient‐level information in the individual clinical context. This system was applied to a dataset from the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD).ResultsOur solution can be setup and customized with limited programming resources, and there is almost no extra cost for software. Access times are short, the displayed information is structured in chronological order and visually attractive, and selected information such as drug exposure can be blinded. External experts can review patient profiles and save evaluations and comments via a common Web browser.ConclusionsPhynx provides a flexible and economical solution for patient‐level review of electronic medical information from databases considering the individual clinical context. It can therefore make an important contribution to an efficient validation of outcome assessment in drug safety database studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic differential display analysis identified upregulated astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA‐15 in human malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines
Authors: Kuramitsu Yasuhiro , Miyamoto Hiromu , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Zhang Xiulian , Fujimoto Masanori , Ueda Kazuhiro , Tanaka Toshiki , Hamano Kimikazu , Nakamura Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe performed proteomic differential display analysis of human malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cell lines and a human pleural mesothelial cell line by using 2‐DE and LC‐MS/MS. The human MPM cell lines were NCI‐H28, NCI‐H2052 and NCI‐H2452, and the human pleural mesothelial cell line was MeT‐5A. Between MeT‐5A and NCI‐H2052, we found 38 protein spots whose expression levels were different, from the results of 2‐DE; 28 protein spots appeared higher, and 10 other protein spots lower in NCI‐H2052 than in MeT‐5A. These spots were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS analysis and identified by a peptide sequence tag. However, from the results of 2‐DE of the other cell lines, there was only one consistently upregulated protein, astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA‐15, in all three MPM cell lines. Western blotting using specific antibodies against PEA‐15 confirmed the elevated expression level of PEA‐15 in all three MPM cell lines compared with MeT‐5A cells and normal pleura tissues from patients. PEA‐15 was knocked down in NCI‐H2052 cells, and the proliferation of PEA‐15‐silenced NCI‐H2052 cells was suppressed 7–15% compared with negative control cells. These results suggest that PEA‐15 expression is likely to be associated with the tumorigenesis of MPM.
A new approach to monitor expression of aldo–keto reductase proteins in mouse tissues
Authors: Tu Shuyang , Ren Yan , Tong Wei , Zheng Shirong , Xu Ningzhi , Bhatnagar Aruni , Liu Siqi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe aldo–keto reductase (AKR) proteins catalyze reduction of diverse aldehydes and play detoxification roles in many organisms. Since many substrates are shared among AKR, it is generally accepted that these enzymes can functionally compensate each other in response to oxidative stress. Their overall abundances are the important factor that partially reflects the capacity of antioxidant and detoxification in tissues. In this study, the strategy was proposed for generation of Pan‐AKR antibodies to recognize most AKR proteins in mouse tissues. Derived from bioinformatic analysis, several consensus peptides with different potential antigenicities were synthesized, conjugated to hemocyanin from keyhole limpets and further delivered to rabbits to generate polyclonal antibodies. Three Pan‐AKR antibodies exhibited the immune specificities and immune sensitivities, Pan‐AKR‐P1 for AKR1B and AKR1C, Pan‐AKR‐P3 for AKR1C and Pan‐AKR‐P4 for all the AKR proteins. Pan‐AKR‐P4 antibody was employed to 2‐DE Western blot to examine the AKR abundances in mouse liver and kidney, resulting in seven immune‐reactive spots from each tissue. Protein identification with MS revealed that most immune‐positive spots were the members of AKR superfamily. Furthermore, Pan‐AKR‐P4 antibody was implemented to compare the different abundances of the AKR proteins in liver and kidney between normal and diabetic mice, suggesting that diabetes did cause some abnormal changes in the AKR protein abundances.
Interactions of the NPXY microdomains of the low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1
Authors: Guttman Miklos , Betts Gina N. , Barnes Helen , Ghassemian Majid , van der Geer Peter , Komives Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) mediates internalization of a large number of proteins and protein–lipid complexes and is widely implicated in Alzheimer's disease. The cytoplasmic domain of LRP1 (LRP1‐CT) can be phosphorylated by activated protein‐tyrosine kinases at two NPXY motifs in LRP1‐CT; Tyr 4507 is readily phosphorylated and must be phosphorylated before phosphorylation of Tyr 4473 occurs. Pull‐down experiments from brain lysate revealed numerous proteins binding to LRP1‐CT, but the results were highly variable. To separate which proteins bind to each NPXY motif and their phosphorylation dependence, each NPXY motif microdomain was prepared in both phosphorylated and non‐phosphorylated forms and used to probe rodent brain extracts for binding proteins. Proteins that bound specifically to the microdomains were identified by LC‐MS/MS, and confirmed by Western blot. Recombinant proteins were then tested for binding to each NPXY motif. The NPXY4507 (membrane distal) was found to interact with a large number of proteins, many of which only bound the tyrosine‐phosphorylated form. This microdomain also bound a significant number of other proteins in the unphosphorylated state. Many of the interactions were later confirmed to be direct with recombinant proteins. The NPXY4473 (membrane proximal) bound many fewer proteins and only to the phosphorylated form.
Synthesis, structure, and property of well‐defined polymethylene‐based diblock copolymers by a combination of living polymerization of ylides and atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Chen Jian‐Zhuang , Zhao Qiao‐Ling , Shi Li‐Ping , Huang Jin , Li Guang‐Yu , Zhang Shu‐Yuan , Ma Zhi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA combination of living polymerization of ylides and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used successfully in the design and synthesis of well‐defined polymethylene‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PM‐b‐PMMA) and polymethylene‐b‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PM‐b‐Pn‐BuA). Tripolymethylene borane were firstly synthesized by living polymerization of dimethylsulfoxonium methylides and then oxidated quantitatively through trimethylamine‐N‐oxide dihydrate to provide a series of low‐polydispersity hydroxyl‐terminated polymethylenes (PM‐OHs) with different molecular weight. Subsequently, such polymers were converted into polymethylene‐based macroinitiators (PM‐MIs, Mn(GPC) = 1900–10,400 g/mol; Mw/Mn = 1.12–1.23) in ∼100% conversion. ATRPs of methyl methacrylate and n‐butyl acrylate were successfully conducted using PM‐MI to produce well‐defined diblock copolymers of PM‐b‐PMMA and PM‐b‐Pn‐BuA, respectively. The GPC traces indicated the successful extension of PMMA and Pn‐BuA segment (Mn(GPC) of PM‐b‐PMMA = 3980–10,100 g/mol; Mw/Mn = 1.16–1.22; Mn of PM‐b‐Pn‐BuA = 7400–9200 g/mol; Mw/Mn = 1.14–1.18). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the structures of the precipitated PM‐b‐PMMA micelles, which were formed in toluene. The blend of LDPE/PMMA was prepared with PM‐b‐PMMA as compatibilizer. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the compatibilization of the LDPE/PMMA was improved greatly by the incorporation of PM‐b‐PMMA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5671–5681, 2009
Structural design of stimuli‐responsive bioconjugated hydrogels that respond to a target antigen
Authors: Miyata Takashi , Asami Noriko , Uragami Tadashi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractStimuli‐responsive bioconjugated hydrogels that can respond to a target antigen (antigen‐responsive hydrogels) were prepared by introducing antigen‐antibody bindings as reversible crosslinks into the gel networks. The preparation conditions of the antigen‐responsive hydrogels and the mechanism of the antigen‐responsive behavior were investigated, focusing on bioconjugated hydrogel structures. This article also focuses on the effect of semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) structures on the antigen‐responsive swelling/shrinking behavior of bioconjugated hydrogels with antigen‐antibody bindings. The preparation conditions and the network structures of the bioconjugated hydrogels are discussed in relation to designing antigen‐responsive hydrogels. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2144–2157, 2009
The effect of polyethylene addition on the morphology of polystyrene/polyamide blends
Authors: Fortelný Ivan , Lapčíková Monika , Mikešová Jana , Juza Josef 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe effect of a small admixture of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) with a high or low viscosity to polystyrene/polyamide (PS/PA) blends of various compositions was studied. PS/PA blends with composition near 50/50 form sheet‐like or fiber‐like morphology at mixing that passes to the cocontinuous structure during compression molding. Ternary PS/PA/HDPE blends with PS/PA ratio about 50/50 show similar behavior. Generally, neither continuity nor shape of PS and PA phases was changed qualitatively by the addition of a small amount of HDPE. In agreement with existing rules for ternary blends, HDPE particles prefer a contact with PS phase to PA phase. On the other hand, none of these rules explains why a number of small HDPE subinclusions were dispersed into PS particles instead of HDPE‐PS core‐shell structure with a lower Gibbs free energy. Quantitative evaluation of the size of PA particles in blends with PS matrix showed that the previously proposed rule stating, that the addition of a small amount of a third immiscible component leads to a strong decrease in the size of dispersed particles, was not valid for the blends studied in this work. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2158–2170, 2009
Theoretical optimization of GaInP/GaAs dual‐junction solar cell: Toward a 36% efficiency at 1000 suns
Authors: Baudrit Mathieu , Algora Carlos 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA theoretical conversion efficiency of 36.4% at 1000 suns concentration has been determined by means of realistic models and an improved optimization routine. The starting point device was the recent world‐record monolithic GaInP/GaAs dual‐junction solar cell that was grown lattice matched on a GaAs substrate by MOVPE, which has an efficiency of 32.6% at 1000 suns. Using previously calibrated models developed at our institution, IES‐UPM, together with Silvaco ATLAS TCAD software, we reproduced the characteristics of the world‐record solar cell, and then determined a cell configuration that would yield greater efficiency by using an optimization routine to hone the doping concentration and the thickness of each layer.
The application of bespoke spending functions in group‐sequential designs and the effect of delayed treatment switching in survival trials
Authors: Stone Andrew 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFor a group‐sequential trial with two pre‐planned analyses, stopping boundaries can be calculated using a simple SAS™ programme on the basis of the asymptotic bivariate normality of the interim and final test statistics. Given the simplicity and transparency of this approach, it is appropriate for researchers to apply their own bespoke spending function as long as the rate of alpha spend is pre‐specified. One such application could be an oncology trial where progression free survival (PFS) is the primary endpoint and overall survival (OS) is also assessed, both at the same time as the analysis of PFS and also later following further patient follow‐up. In many circumstances it is likely, if PFS is significantly extended, that the protocol will be amended to allow patients in the control arm to start receiving the experimental regimen. Such an eventuality is likely to result in the diminution of any effect on OS. It is shown that spending a greater proportion of alpha at the first analysis of OS, using either Pocock or bespoke boundaries, will maintain and in some cases result in greater power given a fixed number of events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of 3′‐deoxy‐4‐O‐methylepisappanol from Caesalpinia sappan against glutamate‐induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells
Authors: Moon Hyung‐In , Chung Ill‐Min , Seo Su‐Hyun , Kang Eun‐Young 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTo examine the neuroprotective effects of Caesalpinia sappan L., we tested its protection against the glutamate‐induced neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultured neurons. We found that an aqueous extract of this medicinal plant exhibited significant protection against glutamate‐induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells. In order to clarify the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of this observed effect, isolation was performed to seek and identify active fractions and components. By such fractionation, two known compounds – sappanchalcone and 3′‐deoxy‐4‐O‐methylepisappanol – were isolated from the methanol extracts from the air‐dried and chipped C. sappan. Among these two compounds, 3′‐deoxy‐4‐O‐methylepisappanol exhibited significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate‐induced toxicity, exhibiting cell viability of about 50%, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 10 μM. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect of C. sappan might be due to the inhibition of glutamate‐induced toxicity by the protosappanin derivative it contains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on motility of human oral squamous carcinoma YD‐10B cells via suppression of ERK and NF‐κB activations
Authors: Shin Hye Kyoung , Kim Jin , Lee Eun Ju , Kim Seong Hwan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are characterized by a marked propensity for local invasion, so the identification of agents inhibiting the onset and progression of OSCC has recently gained interest. Here, we found that curcumin inhibited cell proliferation and motility with decreased activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2/9 and decreased mRNA expressions of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPAR in the highly invasive human YD‐10B OSCC cells. Western blot analysis showed that curcumin inhibited the activation of MAP kinases (especially ERK) and NF‐κB, which are involved in the transcriptional regulation of proteolytic enzymes. In conclusion, curcumin is one of the strong phytochemicals with antimotility activity of OSCC; the inhibitory effect of curcumin on the motility of YD‐10B cells could result from its potential to inhibit the activation of ERK/MAP kinase and NF‐κB that consequently down‐regulate the mRNA expressions and activities of proteolytic enzymes such as uPA and MMP‐2/9. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytopumping for hydraulic control of an arsenic plume
Authors: Lewis‐Russ Anne , Hicks Eric , Haramut John R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPhytoremediation, the use of plants for in situ contaminant cleanup, is gaining new appreciation as an aesthetically pleasing, sustainable method that naturally makes use of solar power. Hybrid poplars are widely used because they grow rapidly and have high transpiration rates, making them advantageous for hydraulic control of groundwater. However, the tendency for trees and other vegetation to uptake metals may be a disadvantage in some settings due to potential redistribution of metals from groundwater to the ground surface. Therefore, a pilot test in the upper midwestern United States was implemented to evaluate the applicability of poplars to groundwater withdrawal and metals transport. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
National monument locations and remediation of World War II battle sites
Authors: Abbotts John 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn December 2008, George W. Bush established the World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument, including eight locations connected with World War II fighting. The executive proclamation designating the monument briefly described the individual sites, mentioning remaining battlefield debris. World War II battle locations in Hawaii and Alaska are currently designated for remediation under different programs of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or Department of Defense (DOD). The Pearl Harbor Naval Complex is a “Superfund” National Priority List site. Former military locations in the Aleutian Islands, involved in Japanese occupation and the U.S. offensive to regain control, are included in DOD's Formerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS) remediation program. These monument sites, the regulatory frameworks of the applicable programs, and the current cleanup status are described. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.