bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of apolipoprotein E and amyloid β clearance rates in the mouse brain using bolus stable isotope labeling
Authors: Basak Jacob M , Kim Jungsu , Pyatkivskyy Yuriy , Wildsmith Kristin R , Jiang Hong , Parsadanian Maia , Patterson Bruce W , Bateman Randall J , Holtzman David M 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Abnormal proteostasis due to alterations in protein turnover has been postulated to play a central role in several neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the development of techniques to quantify protein turnover in the brain is critical for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases. We have developed a bolus stable isotope-labeling kinetics (SILK) technique coupled with multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry to measure the clearance of proteins in the mouse brain.

Results
Cohorts of mice were pulse labeled with 13 C6-leucine and the brains were isolated after pre-determined time points. The extent of label incorporation was measured over time using mass spectrometry to measure the ratio of labeled to unlabeled apolipoprotein E (apoE) and amyloid β (Aβ). The fractional clearance rate (FCR) was then calculated by analyzing the time course of disappearance for the labeled protein species. To validate the technique, apoE clearance was measured in mice that overexpress the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). The FCR in these mice was 2.7-fold faster than wild-type mice. To demonstrate the potential of this technique for understanding the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, we applied our SILK technique to determine the effect of ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) on both apoE and Aβ clearance. ABCA1 had previously been shown to regulate both the amount of apoE in the brain, along with the extent of Aβ deposition, and represents a potential molecular target for lowering brain amyloid levels in Alzheimer's disease patients. The FCR of apoE was increased by 1.9- and 1.5-fold in mice that either lacked or overexpressed ABCA1, respectively. However, ABCA1 had no effect on the FCR of Aβ, suggesting that ABCA1 does not regulate Aβ metabolism in the brain.

Conclusions
Our SILK strategy represents a straightforward, cost-effective, and efficient method to measure the clearance of proteins in the mouse brain. We expect that this technique will be applicable to the study of protein dynamics in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, and could aid in the evaluation of novel therapeutic agents.
Pediatric T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with an isolated 12(p13) deletion and aberrant CD117 expression
Authors: Bellone Michael , Svensson Annika M , Zaslav Ann-Leslie , Spitzer Silvia , Golightly Marc , Celiker Mahmut , Hu Youjun , Ma Yupo , Ahmed Tahmeena 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
T-cell Prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare post-thymic T-cell malignancy that follows an aggressive clinical course. The classical presentation includes an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count with anemia and thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. T-PLL is a disease of the elderly and to our knowledge it has never been described in the pediatric age group. We report a case of T-PLL in a 9 year old male who was initially diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL), the diagnosis was later refined to T-PLL following additional analysis of bone marrow morphology and immunophenotype. Two unusual findings in our patient included CD117 expression and an isolated chromosomal 12(p13) deletion. The patient failed to respond to standard ALL induction chemotherapy, but achieved complete remission following treatment with a fludarabine and alemtuzumab-based regimen.
Decreased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein M in sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndromes
Authors: Kumaraswamy Sunil B , Linder Adam , Åkesson Per , Dahlbäck Björn 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is present in 5% of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in plasma. It is a carrier of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which is important for vascular barrier protection. The aim was to determine the plasma concentrations of apoM during sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and correlate them to levels of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA1), apolipoprotein B (apoB), HDL-, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol.

Methods
Plasma samples from patients with (1), severe sepsis with shock (n = 26); (2), severe sepsis without shock (n = 44); (3), sepsis (n = 100); (4), infections without SIRS (n = 43); and (5) SIRS without infection (n = 20) were analyzed. The concentrations of apoM, apoA1, and apoB were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Total, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were measured with a commercial HDL/LDL cholesterol test.

Results
ApoM concentrations correlated negatively to acute-phase markers. Thus, apoM behaved as a negative acute-phase protein. Decreased values were observed in all patient groups (P < 0.0001), with the most drastic decreases observed in the severely sick patients. ApoM levels correlated strongly to those of apoA1, apoB, HDL, and LDL cholesterol. The HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were low in all patient groups, as compared with controls (P < 0.0001), in particular, HDL cholesterol. ApoA1 and apoB concentrations were low only in the more severely affected patients.

Conclusions
During sepsis and SIRS, the plasma concentrations of apoM decrease dramatically, the degree of decrease reflecting the severity of the disease. As a carrier for barrier-protective S1P in HDL, the decrease in apoM could contribute to the increased vascular leakage observed in sepsis and SIRS.
Air–water oxygen exchange in a large whitewater river
Authors: Hall Robert O. , Kennedy Theodore A. , Rosi‐Marshall Emma J. 
Published: April 2012

Lay AbstractAir–water gas exchange governs the rate at which atmospheric gases flow into and out of aquatic ecosystems. Knowing this rate is necessary to calculate river photosynthesis and respiration, but there are few data from large rivers, and there are no data that include whitewater rapids. We studied the Colorado River, Grand Canyon; this river has flat reaches separated by extremely large, steep, whitewater rapids. We measured gas transfer velocity (the height of the water column that can exchange all of its gas per hour) by measuring how quickly the river gained oxygen as it flowed over the first 7 major rapids. The Colorado River has low oxygen concentration as it flows out of Glen Canyon Dam, located 25 kilometers upriver from Lees Ferry. We found that gas transfer velocity increased as river slope increased. Gas transfer velocity was low in flat reaches but was up to 800 times higher in rapids, which were the highest rates ever measured in a river. Based on the rate of change of oxygen concentration per meter of river drop, we estimated gas transfer velocity for the remainder of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Gas exchange varied 5‐fold depending on the slope of the immediate reach. Gas transfer velocity was higher for the Colorado River than for other aquatic ecosystems because of its large rapids. Our approach of scaling gas transfer velocity to the entire river will allow comparing gas transfer velocity across rivers that have variable river slopes, such as the Colorado River, Grand Canyon.
Psychometric Properties of the Osteoporosis-Specific Morisky Medication Adherence Scale in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis Newly Treated with Bisphosphonates
Authors: Reynolds Kristi , Viswanathan Hema N , O'Malley Cynthia D , Muntner Paul , Harrison Teresa N , Cheetham T Craig , Hsu Jin-Wen Y , Gold Deborah T , Silverman Stuart , Grauer Andreas , Morisky Donald E 
Published: April 2012

Background: Poor adherence to oral osteoporosis medications is common. Strategies for improving adherence begin with identification of the problem. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale for self-reported adherence to antihypertensive medications was modified for assessing adherence to oral osteoporosis medications. An evaluation of the measurement properties of the Osteoporosis-Specific Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (OS-MMAS) was needed. Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the OS-MMAS in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: Five hundred women aged 55 years and older with osteoporosis who were newly prescribed daily or weekly oral bisphosphonates between May 15, 2010, and August 15, 2010, were randomly selected from Kaiser Permanente Southern California, a large integrated health care delivery system, and mailed a self-administered survey that included the 8-item OS-MMAS, Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS), Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), and 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12v2). OS-MMAS scores can range from 0 to 8, with higher scores indicating better medication adherence. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach α coefficient. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) in a subset of 102 participants. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory (actor analysis and correlations between OS-MMAS and related measures. Results: Of 197 participants, 150 reported that they were still taking their bisphosphonate at the time of the survey and completed the OS-MMAS. Overall, 30.7%, 32.7%, and 36.7% had tow, medium, and high OS-MMAS scores (<6, 6 to <8, and 8, respectively). Cronbach α was 0.82 and the ICC was 0.77. Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations with SEAMS, BMQ necessity, and TSQM scores. In confirmatory factor analysis, a single-factor scale was supported. Conclusions: The OS-MMAS showed strong psychometric properties with good reliability and construct validity and may provide a valuable assessment of self-reported medication adherence in women newly prescribed oral osteoporosis medications.
Dantrolene Sodium for the Treatment of Aldesleukin-lnduced Rigors in a Melanoma Patient
Authors: Azari Laleh M , Sheehan Vivien S , Sachdev Jasgit C , Jones Terreia S 
Published: April 2012

Objective: To report the case of a 58-year-old male with melanoma who developed aldesleukin-induced rigors and was successfully treated with intravenous dantrolene sodium 20 mg and provide a review of the literature discussing other agents that have been used to treat drug-induced rigors. Case Summary: A 58-year-old male was treated with 720,000 IU/kg of aldesleukin every S hours as part of his antimelanoma therapy. The patient developed rigors after aldesleukin administration and was successfully treated with 25 mg of meperidine. Later, he experienced renal dysfunction that was also linked to aldesleukin therapy and developed normeperidine-induced neurotoxicity requiring discontinuation of meperidine therapy. The rigors were treated with intravenous dantrolene sodium 20 mg every 4 hours, with complete resolution of symptoms. Discussion: Several antineoplastic agents can cause rigors; many of these agents can also lead to renal failure. Several agents have been investigated for their use in the management o(rigors but can cause adverse effects or are unsuitable in the setting of renal insufficiency or failure. Although meperidine remains the mainstay for the treatment and prevention of rigors, it can be associated with neurotoxicity in some patients, particularly those with impaired renal function. Given that dantrolene has been shown to be effective against rigors, it may be a useful alternative for patients who can not tolerate meperidine. Drugs with a more favorable adverse effect profile that are not eliminated through the kidneys are needed. Conclusions: In the oncology setting, severe rigors can result in the interruption of a patient's cancer therapy, which can increase the risk of treatment failure. Dantrolene may be a useful alternative for patients experiencing rigors who can not tolerate meperidine.
Bismuth tri-iodide nanoparticles synthesized from octadecene suspension
Authors: Aguiar Ivana , Fornaro Laura 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTBiI3 is a semiconductor layered compound of growing interest for direct and digital imaging. This structure determines that bismuth tri-iodide crystals can grow with platelet habit. Thereby, we consider of great importance to study if such structure can determine nanoparticles of this material as well, that means, if such layers can be rolled in order to form nanotubes and/or nanorods. In light of this, the present work reports the synthesis of bismuth tri-iodide nanoparticles by the suspension method.Bi(NO3)3.5H2O, I2 and KI were used as source materials, and 1-octadecene was used as suspension agent. The intermediate and final synthesized compounds were characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results clearly show that BiI3 nanoparticles can be synthesized by the suspension method, which means that the layer structure of these compounds can determine the growth of nanostructures. Nanoparticles of different sizes and morphologies were obtained, depending on the synthesis conditions. There has been not possible to control such conditions in order to obtain uniform size and morphology distributions. The use of these nanostructures may be an interesting way of improving nucleation and further growth of bismuth tri-iodide films.
Phase Morphology in Poly(thiophene)-Fullerene Thin Film Devices
Authors: Bucknall D. G. , Deb N , Skoda M , Sumpter B , Karim A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNanoscale heterojunction systems consisting of fullerenes blended with conjugated polymers are promising materials candidates for achieving high performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. In order to understand the phase behaviour in these thin film devices, we have used neutron reflectivity to determine the behavior of model conjugated polymer-fullerene mixtures. Neutron reflectivity is particularly useful for these types of thin film studies since the fullerenes generally have a higher scattering contrast with respect to most polymers. We are studying model bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films based on mixtures of poly(3-hexyl thiophene)s (P3HT), a widely used photoconductive polymer, and different fullerenes (C60, PCBM and bis-PCBM). We have used neutron reflection measurements to determine the film morphology normal to the film surfaces in real device configurations. The novelty of the approach over previous studies is that the BHJ layer is measured with the confining films of PEDOT/PSS and Al in place. Using this model system, we have measured the effect of typical thermal annealing processes on the film development as a function of the polythiophene-fullerene mixtures.
A parametric study on coal gasification for the production of syngas
Authors: Gungor Afsin , Ozbayoglu Murat , Kasnakoglu Cosku , Biyikoglu Atilla , Uysal Bekir 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this parametric study, the effects of coal and oxidiser type, air-to-fuel ratio, steam-to-fuel ratio, reactor temperature, and pressure on H2 and CO amounts at the gasifier output, H2/CO, and higher heating value of the syngas produced have been calculated using a coal gasification model. Model simulations have been performed to identify the optimum values which are assumed to be 100 % for both cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion efficiency in the gasification process. From this study, it may be observed that the moisture content of the coal type is of crucial importance for the air gasification process; the O2 content of similar coals (taking into consideration the moisture and H2 content) is of significant importance for the air gasification process. When compared with air gasification, air-steam gasification becomes a more effective coal gasification method. The optimum working condition for air-steam gasification is to carry out the process at one atmosphere. High gasifier temperatures are not needed for the air-steam gasification of coal.
Preparation and properties of cementitious composites for geothermal applications
Authors: Palou Martin , Bágeľ Ľubomír 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThree fiber-reinforced cement composites were prepared and cured in an autoclave for up to 168 h at 2 MPa of steam pressure in order to investigate the effect of hydrothermal curing on the alteration of pore structure, density, and formation and stability of hydrated products with time. Compressive strength was reviewed in connection with sample porosity. It was found that the time of autoclaving plays a crucial role in objective assessment of the durability of composites as potential candidates for geothermal applications. A mercury intrusion porosimeter Quantachrome Poremaster 60GT was used for the estimation of the pore structure parameters of composites. The thermal analysis method was used to identify different temperature ranges of cured samples’ thermal decomposition and to characterize the nature of hydrated products. Two kinds of products were formed. The first group consisted of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H), calcium-silicate-aluminate-hydrate (C-S-A-H), calcium-aluminate-hydrate (C-A-H), and calcium-carbonate (C-C) as a product of carbonation. The second group are chemically bond products, e.g. hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) and gibbsite (Al(OH)3). These two hydroceramic products formed under hydrothermal conditions act also as binders and they can be useful as geothermal cement binders.
Induction of Cryptococcus laurentii α-galactosidase
Authors: Mészárosová Csilla , Kolarova Nadežda , Vadkertiová Renáta , Stratilová Eva 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe surface activity of Cryptococcus laurentii α-galactosidase can be significantly (up to 80 times) influenced by a carbon source present in a cultivation medium. Induction of this enzyme is stimulated by the presence of saccharides containing bound galactose. The highest activity observed when the cells grew in a lactose medium was probably a consequence of the absence of cleavage products serving as repressors (glucose). This idea is supported by the poor growth of cells in the medium with lactose as the carbon source. The induction of surface α-galactosidase was accompanied by increased activities in cytosole. The membrane fraction also contained this enzyme, but the influence of the carbon source was not proportional. The induction of α-galactosidase may play an important role in galactose metabolism of the genus Cryptococcus with a direct influence on the virulence of these capsular yeasts.
Bulk rock composition and geochemistry of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the Grey Porri Tuff and selected lavas of the Monte dei Porri volcano, Salina, Aeolian Islands, southern Italy
Authors: Doherty Angela , Bodnar Robert , Vivo Benedetto , Bohrson Wendy , Belkin Harvey , Messina Antonia , Tracy Robert 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Aeolian Islands are an arcuate chain of submarine seamounts and volcanic islands, lying just north of Sicily in southern Italy. The second largest of the islands, Salina, exhibits a wide range of compositional variation in its erupted products, from basaltic lavas to rhyolitic pumice. The Monte dei Porri eruptions occurred between 60 ka and 30 ka, following a period of approximately 60,000 years of repose. The bulk rock composition of the Monte dei Porri products range from basaltic-andesite scoria to andesitic pumice in the Grey Porri Tuff (GPT), with the Monte dei Porri lavas having basaltic-andesite compositions. The typical mineral assemblage of the GPT is calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene (augite), olivine (Fo72−84) and orthopyroxene (enstatite) ± amphibole and Ti-Fe oxides. The lava units show a similar mineral assemblage, but contain lower Fo olivines (Fo57−78). The lava units also contain numerous glomerocrysts, including an unusual variety that contains quartz, K-feldspar and mica. Melt inclusions (MI) are ubiquitous in all mineral phases from all units of the Monte dei Porri eruptions; however, only data from olivine-hosted MI in the GPT are reported here. Compositions of MI in the GPT are typically basaltic (average SiO2 of 49.8 wt %) in the pumices and basaltic-andesite (average SiO2 of 55.6 wt %) in the scoriae and show a bimodal distribution in most compositional discrimination plots. The compositions of most of the MI in the scoriae overlap with bulk rock compositions of the lavas. Petrological and geochemical evidence suggest that mixing of one or more magmas and/or crustal assimilation played a role in the evolution of the Monte dei Porri magmatic system, especially the GPT. Analyses of the more evolved mineral phases are required to better constrain the evolution of the magma.
Interspecific hybridization in sympatric species of Daphnia inhabiting lakes in northeastern Poland
Authors: Brzeziński Tomasz , Fronk Jan , Trzcińska-Danielewicz Joanna , Dawidowicz Piotr 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Populations of three sympatric species (Daphnia cucullata, Daphnia galeata, and Daphnia hyalina (Daphnia longispina complex)) inhabiting three lakes in northeastern Poland (Roś, Mikołajskie, Wigry) were checked for interspecific hybrids. Hybrid Daphnia coexisting with parental individuals were detected in each of the investigated lakes. Several classes of hybrids (F1, F2, backcrosses), including D. cucullata×galeata×hyalina individuals, have been detected. Hybrids constituted a substantial (13%–38%) part of the total abundance of individuals of the D. longispina complex. Deficiency of heterozygotes (hybrids) detected may indicate the existence of barriers for gene flow between the sympatric Daphnia taxa.
Le négatif dans la transmission familiale
Authors: Gambini Itziar 
Published: April 2012

Résumé La famille est un lieu de transmission psychique. Ce qui se transmet est non seulement ce qui peut être raconté d’une génération à l’autre, mais aussi ce qui ne peut pas être dit par manque d’inscription, de représentation psychique. C’est la part négative de la transmission. Ce négatif se transmet enveloppé en quelque sorte dans des contenants qui font partie de la culture familiale et qui permettent de désamorcer leur côté dangereux. Quand un traumatisme intervient, les contenants sont effractés et la famille est en souffrance. L’auteur propose, à travers le cas d’une famille en thérapie, de voir comment les effets du traumatisme se re-présentent dans leur quotidien et pendant les séances, jusqu’à la création d’un « mythe » qui fera fonction de contenant de négatif.
L'esprit de famille ou l'hospitalité généalogique
Authors: Pierron Jean-Philippe 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Métamorphoses familiales ? La crise contemporaine des institutions n’épargne pas l’institution familiale. Banalisation du divorce, familles recomposées, procréation médicalement assistée, adoption internationale, homo-éducation sont autant d’éléments qui brouillent la carte d’un territoire familial que l’on croyait définitivement exploré. Pourtant sous les bouleversements socio-historiques ne demeure-t-il pas quelque chose qui soit le signe universel du familial ? L’auteur soutient ici l’idée, principalement contre le réductionnisme bio-génétique, que l’invariant du familial – quelles que soient les compositions et recompositions des familles – est d’ordre généalogique. L’hospitalité familiale est d’abord et avant tout une hospitalité généalogique.