bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The European Union, the United Nations, and the Revival of Confederal Governance
Authors: Lister Frederick 
Published: June 2024

Before it became a federation, the United States was briefly a confederation, a much looser union composed of states rather than of peoples. Unions of states to promote ecomomic well-being and to prevent war are now being revived. Mr. Lister analyzes modern confederalism, and how it is functioning in the single market of the Europen Union and how it might function if the collective security system of the United Nations could be carried out, as originally planned, by a confederal-style partnership of the world's independent states.
Political scientists have traditionally classified voluntary polities as confederations, federations, or unitary states. But they have ignored the first of these classes, perhaps because Alexander Hamilton, wishing to mobilize support for the new federal constitution, discredited not only the United States Confederation but the whole class of confederations as a viable method of governance. More than 200 years later, confederation as a form of governance is still under a cloud. Yet it has been resurfacing, largely unrecognized for what it is, in the repertory of government. In the treaties of Rome and Maastricht and in the collective security system of the Charter, the European Union and the United Nations are already involved in forms of governance that are confederal in all but name.
Lister's book describes confederal governance and how such unions of states differ from intergovernmental organizations on the one hand and federations on the other. Meticulously researched and carefully argued, it draws upon his five years of study of confederal unions from Ancient Greece through the 19th-century Germanic Confederation and the German Zollverein. But his book is not a history of confederations. Instead, it shows how long-term alliances sometimes evolve into unions of states and, in time, into communities of the peoples who live in those states. It also shows how the ties of confederal union have been institutionalized in modern times in the EU and how they might be institutionalized in a global collective security body.^L ^L Finally, the book stresses the urgency of moving in this direction because we shall face a very serious security problem in the next century. With the steady leakage of nuclear materials in Russia, the non-proliferation approach to controlling weapons of mass destruction appears to be breaking down. Lister argues that if and when governments are confronted with this looming problem, perhaps in the not-too-distant future, the confederal model may be the one that they will need to have updated and at their disposal.
Federal Agents
Authors: Bumgarner Jeffrey B. 
Published: June 2024

With the War on Terror in full swing, the government's involvement in and influence over law enforcement has changed and, in some cases, expanded. While police forces remain under the jurisdiction of the cities and states they patrol, federal agencies have taken on a wider role in combating and prosecuting crime. Agencies such as the FBI, the DEA, the ATF, and now the Department of Homeland Security have wide and varied responsibilities and powers in combating both terrorism and other crimes. But this wasn't always the case. This timely book examines the history of American federal law enforcement as well as its current state in all of its forms.
The complex system of agencies, agents, and laws that make up our federal law enforcement program have a long and varied history. Bumgarner looks at the issue of federal police powers and explores how the U.S. Supreme Court and lower courts have interpreted the constitutional limits on those powers. He introduces the reader to the many agencies that make up the federal law enforcement community and the jurisdiction and responsibilities of each, as well as the role federal public policy plays in the criminal justice system. Finally, he reviews emerging trends in federal law enforcement, including the expanding domestic effort against terrorism. Readers of this insightful book will unfailingly come away with a better understanding of the history and inner workings of federal law enforcement.
Global Security Watch-Turkey
Authors: Kibaroglu Aysegul , Kibaroglu Mustafa 
Published: June 2024

There are a number of factors that elevate Turkey's status in the international arena and make it an important regional actor. As a longstanding member of the western world, a candidate country to the European Union, a staunch ally of the United States, and a frontline state in the fight against terrorism, Turkey plays a key, yet often overlooked, role in world affairs. Proper understanding of how decisions regarding foreign and security issues are being taken within the state apparatus in Turkey is crucially important, especially when unexpected developments take place. Mustafa and Aysegul Kibaroglu examine the issues that drive Turkish foreign policy decisions in this crucial region.
This reference work chronicles the factors which have shaped the mindsets of the makers of Turkey's foreign and security policies from the foundation of the Republic in 1923. The authors provide not only meaninful explanations of past events, but also useful insigts into the current issues at the center of Turkish regional and foreign policies. They offer a concise overview of Turkish foreign policy and assess the position of the nation within the context of the war on terror, globalization, and more. Their narrative is supplemented by biographies of key decision makers, policies, and documents that illustrate the choices that comprise Turkey's past and present.
Globalizing Customer Solutions
Authors: Fitzgerald Edmund B. 
Published: June 2024

In the last half of the 20th Century, the world economy has benefited from a globalization process driven by the enlightened confluence of technology, innovation, trade, and foreign direct investment. This book broadens our understanding of that process. Opening with a review of current global economic metrics and the significant differences between advanced and developing nations, the book goes on to discuss the globalization paradigm and the forces driving it. Discussing the importance of new ideas and new technology in continued economic growth, the volume shows how the protection of intellectual property encourages innovation. Also covering the evolution of international trade, the book reviews trade distortions from both external and internal sources, comparing trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis with alternative trade practices, such as free trade and custom unions. The work also reviews the origins and functions of the new World Trade Organization.
Describing the rapidly growing practice of foreign direct investment, the book shows how FDI is closely linked to international trade and concludes with a review of the important function FDI can play in the bundling and delivery of the resources required for accelerated economic development of the emerging world.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors: Jackson Cynthia L. , Nunn Eleanor F. 
Published: June 2024

A highly readable overview of the rich past of historically black colleges and universities, and how their role in higher education is evolving for the future.
Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have influenced African American lives and communities since 1837.Historically Black Colleges and Universitiesprovides a past and present look at their role in higher education.
This volume addresses why these institutions exist, how effective they've been, and if today's 103 HBCUs are still necessary. Special attention is given to the years since 1954 and to desegregation cases such asBrown v. Board of Education,United States v. Fordice, and other judicial decisions. The volume highlights government relations, leadership, and philanthropy as they apply to HBCUs. Also, a chapter provides a case study of the Historically Minority Universities Bioscience and Biotechnology Program Initiative, and a final chapter suggests research agendas for the 21st century.
Inside the World of Diplomacy
Authors: Finger Seymour M. 
Published: June 2024

Ambassador Finger provides an insider's view of significant events in American diplomacy since World War II. Also included are insightful appraisals of Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Bush, Lodge, Stevenson, and Goldberg. He goes on to portray dramatic changes in the American Foreign Service which has become a merit service of outstanding men and women of varied ethnic backgrounds, chosen from all parts of the country on the basis of highly competitive entrance examinations.
Finger also dispels the canard that a diplomat is someone sent abroad to lie for his country. He argues that, on the contrary, a reputation for integrity is essential for effective diplomacy. This is particularly true at the United Nations. Finger spent 15 years there and relates from experience salient situations where diplomatic skill, effective advocacy, and the cultivation of friendship and trust have contributed to the maintenance of peace and the establishment of significant development programs. He further demonstrates how permanent representatives who were close to the president were able to have crucial influence on major American policies. This insightful guide to contemporary American foreign policy and the workings of both the Foreign Service and the United Nations will be of interest to scholars and students of American diplomacy as well as candidates for the Foreign Service.
Iran's Diverse Peoples
Authors: Price Massoume 
Published: June 2024

Spanning a 5,000-year period, this is the first work to document the origins, evolution, and current status of all major ethnic groups in Iran.
From ancient civilizations of 3000 B.C. to the election of President Mohammad Khatami five millennia later, Iran's history is a rich palette of conquests, invasions, occupations, and revolutions.Iran's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebookdocuments for the first time the major ethnic groups that emerged during each era and traces their evolution to the present day.
Written by a social anthropologist educated in Iran and England, this analysis presents vital statistics on the Persians, Kurds, Turks, Lurs, Assyrians, Arabs, and other pastoral and urban groups of Iran, highlighting their differing languages, religions, cultural practices, political agendas, and current problems. The settling of nomadic tribes, the unveiling of women, the Islamic Revolution, OPEC, Soviet intervention, Kurdish oppression—these and other contentious topics are all examined with respect to their impact on Iran's ethnic entities.
Jane Austen and Eighteenth-Century Courtesy Books
Authors: Fritzer Penelope 
Published: June 2024

One of the most important novelists of the early 19th century, Jane Austen (1775-1817) continues to be read and studied today. Throughout her novels, she creates characters who embody various virtues and limitations. The best characters represent the best behavior, just as the less admirable ones behave in less admirable ways. The courtesy books of the 18th century advise certain moral behavior for character development. This book studies Austen's parallels to 18th century courtesy books. Educational and recreational activities in Austen's novels, such as reading, dancing, card-playing, and theatre-going, are often similar to those activities recommended in the courtesy books with which Austen would have been familiar. So too, various social activities and personal characteristics depicted in Austen's novels frequently accord with courtesy book recommendations.
Proper behavior was of great concern to Austen's contemporaries. Throughout the 18th century, numerous courtesy books were written, advocating certain moral behavior for character development. Austen would have been familiar with these books, for they were influential during the late 18th century, when she grew up, and in the early 19th century, when her works were published.
Although Austen is known as a novelist of manners, surprisingly little work has been done to compare the manners recommended by the courtesy books of the time with the manners of the characters in her novels. This study demonstrates Austen's parallels with 18th century courtesy books in shaping her characters. Educational and recreational activities in her works are often similar to the activities recommended by the courtesy books of her time. So too, the social activities and personal characteristics she presents frequently accord with the recommendations of the courtesy books. Austen's reliance on courtesy books is of great importance, for scholars have generally held that her novels are reflective of the manners of the period. Without the documentation that this study provides, such assertions would remain empty of authority.
Joan of Arc
Authors: Richey Stephen W. 
Published: June 2024

It began with voices—St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret speaking to an ordinary farmer's daughter. Inspired to aid the future King Charles VII, whose right to the throne had been denied by the English in the Hundred Years War, Joan of Arc made her journey clad in male attire. Theologians testified to the veracity of her divine claims, and she was furnished with a host of troops. But how did she achieve the military feats that made her a legend?
Stephen W. Richey offers a unique look at this remarkable woman. Joan of Arc rapidly matured into a true battle commander who spoke forcefully in war councils, made decisions, and gave orders that were obeyed—resulting in a stunning series of victories for her army. She achieved this feat by virtue of her unschooled but intuitive genius for war, a charismatic personality that inspired her soldiers to heroic feats, and her ability to exploit a unique set of lucky circumstances.
Knowledge Management Systems for Business
Authors: Thierauf Robert J. 
Published: June 2024

Until now, business systems have focused on selected data within a certain context to produce information. A better approach, says Thierauf, is to take information accompanied by experience over time to generate knowledge. He demonstrates that knowledge management systems can be used as a source of power to outmaneuver business competitors. Knowledge discovery tools enable decision makers to extract the patterns, trends, and correlations that underlie the inner (and inter-) workings of a company. His book is the first comprehensive text to define this important new direction in computer technology and will be essential reading for MIS practitioners, systems analysts, and academics researching and teaching the theory and applications of knowledge management systems.
Thierauf centers on leveraging a company's knowledge capital. Indeed, knowledge is power—the power to improve customer satisfaction, marketing and production methods, financial operations, and other functions. Thierauf shows how knowledge, when developed and renewed, can be applied to a company's functional areas and provide an important competitive advantage. By utilizing some form of internal and external computer networks and providing some type of knowledge discovery software that encapsulates usable knowledge, Thierauf shows how to create an infrastructure to capture knowledge, store it, improve it, clarify it, and disseminate it throughout the organization, then how to use it regularly. His book demonstrates clearly how knowledge management systems focus on making knowledge available to company employees in the right format, at the right time, and in the right place. The result is inevitably a higher order of intelligence in decision making, more so now than could ever have been possible in even the most recent past.
Lawrence of Arabia
Authors: Tabachnick Stephen E. 
Published: June 2024

This encyclopedia, the first work of its kind, includes more than 800 alphabetically arranged entries on subjects related to Lawrence and his works. Covered are such topics as Lawrence's knowledge of Islam, the details of his military campaigns, his legacy in film and popular culture, his family members and acquaintances, his biographers, and important book dealers, collectors, and scholars interested in his writings. Most of the entries mention works for further reading, and the volume closes with a selected, general bibliography.
Thomas Edward Lawrence (1888-1935), better known as Lawrence of Arabia, is one of the 20th century's most legendary figures. As a British liaison officer during World War I, he led the Arab revolt against the Turks. After the war, he helped change the political geography of the Middle East by advocating independence for Iraq. Regardless of his substantial military and political accomplishments, Lawrence aspired to be a man of letters. He recorded his Arab experiences inSeven Pillars of Wisdom, criticized the Royal Air Force inThe Mint, and prepared a translation of Homer'sOdyssey. He also engaged in voluminous correspondence with many of the leading figures of his day. This encyclopedia, the first work of its kind, chronicles his fascinating and diverse career.
Included are over 800 alphabetically arranged entries on subjects related to Lawrence and his works. The encyclopedia covers such topics as Lawrence's knowledge of Islam, the details of his military campaigns, his legacy in film and popular culture, his family members and acquaintances, his biographers, and important book dealers, collectors, and scholars interested in his writings. Since Lawrence's interests and experiences were so varied, the encyclopedia discusses everything from the history and politics of the Middle East to biblical archaeology, medieval castle-building, literature, and modern mechanical work. Most of the entries mention works for further reading, and the volume closes with a selected, general bibliography.
Nations Within a Nation
Authors: Stuart Paul 
Published: June 2024

As a compendium of historical statistics on native American tribes,Nationswill fill a unique niche in most academic and large public libraries with reference or research interests in North American Indian affairs. Drawing upon a wide variety of government documents (mostly federal) and scholarly reports, as cited in his extensive bibliography, Stuart's contribution will appeal to anyone who seeks demographic or economic data about Indians, past or present. . . .Nationsis a well-crafted, balanced, convenient tool for reference work and will prove useful to many libraries, scholars, policymakers, and tribal groups.Booklist
Professor Stuart has provided a unique research and reference tool covering a wide range of topics relating to Indian history. In his introduction Stuart discusses the scope and purpose of the volume and describes the difficulties involved in obtaining accurate and comprehensive information on Indian affairs, especially prior to the twentieth century. Each chapter assesses the historical significance of the available data and supplies statistical information in table form as well as suggestions on further reading and other avenues of research. Chapter topics include land base and climate, population, removal and relocation, urbanization, vital statistics, health, education, employment, income, resources and economic development, and the activities of the federal government.
O.O.P.S.: Observing Our Politicians Stumble
Authors: Frantzich Stephen E. 
Published: June 2024

Combining humor and wisdom, this timely volume examines how presidential campaigns can—and often have—become undone by an unguarded comment, an unintentional misrepresentation, or an unwise initiative.
Almost every politician has occasionally misspoken, sometimes with disastrous effect, sometimes with little effect at all.O.O.P.S.: Observing Our Politicians Stumble: The Worst Candidate Gaffes and Recoveries in Presidential Campaignsobserves and analyzes this phenomenon to document why some gaffes prove fatal while others are easily survived.
Combining humor with a thorough knowledge of American politics, author Stephen Frantzich uses detailed vignettes to showcase a wide range of slipups committed by presidential candidates from 1968 through 2008. He looks at what really happened in each case, as well as whether the video and reportage accurately reflected what was said or done. By delving into the reasons the media and the public react to gaffes as they do, this thoroughly entertaining analysis provides fresh insights into the workings of presidential campaigns and the roles of candidates, their handlers, the media, and the voting public, underscoring, among other things, how the media revolution has changed the landscape of presidential campaigns.
La superación del reduccionismo idealista en Zubiri
Authors: Ellacuría Ignacio 
Published: June 2024

Zubiri pensó toda su vida que la filosofía moderna adolecía de idealismo de una forma u otra, al no haber encontrado la manera adecuada de enfrentarse con la realidad y de hacerse cargo de ella. Por eso, una de las claves de lectura e interpretación de su pensamiento es la superac´´on del reduccionismo idealista.
Esta ponencia presenta algunas claves tanto para entender mejor el pensamiento de Zubiri como para indicar por dónde ha de ir la superación del reduccionismo idealista.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 43, No. 477, 1988: 633-650.
Creating and Operating a Fail-Safe Management System
Authors: Волков Д. 
Published: June 2024

Секреты проектирования, разработки и эксплуатации критически важных распределенных систем
A new edition is out of the book by Vadim Podolny “High-Load Systems Architecture. Data Collection Systems. Distributed Management Systems. Real-time Systems”. The book offers a holistic overview of designing high-load distributed management systems, including ones for critical information infrastructure.