bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Rap Universal”: Using Multimodal Media Production to Develop ICT Literacies
Authors: Turner K.C. Nat 
Published: April 2011

Through a multimodal media production literacy intervention in an extended‐day program, culturally and linguistically diverse youth developed valuable information and communication technology literacies, including
Specific how‐to skills useful in future academic, professional, social, and civic contexts
Abilities to critically interpret and produce media
Understanding of the value of skills and literacies across contexts
Instead of teaching reading and writing as universally applicable neutral skills, teachers taught students to use multimodal media production as a relevant sociocultural practice that demanded school‐based literacies.
A comparison of traditional and computer-aided bracket placement methods
Authors: Israel Matthew , Kusnoto Budi , Evans Carla A. , BeGole Ellen 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Objective:
To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the accuracy of bracket placement produced by OrthoCAD iQ indirect bonding (IDB) and that of an in-house fabricated IDB system by measuring the quality of intra-arch dental alignment at the end of simulated orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-eight artificial teeth were arranged to resemble a typical preorthodontic malocclusion. Forty-six sets of models were duplicated from the original malocclusion and randomly divided into two sample groups. Half of the models had their bracket positions selected by OrthoCAD, while the others were completed by a combination of faculty and residents in a university orthodontic department. Indirect bonding trays were fabricated for each sample and the brackets were transferred back to the original malocclusion following typical bonding protocol. The individual teeth were ligated on a .021 × .025-inch stainless steel archwire to simulate their posttreatment positions. The two sample groups were compared using the objective grading system (OGS) originally designed by the American Board of Orthodontics.

Results:
The mean total OGS score for the OrthoCAD sample group was 39.25 points, while the traditional IDB technique scored 41.00 points. No statistical difference was found between total scores or any of the four components evaluated. Similar ranges of scores were observed, with the OrthoCAD group scoring from 30 to 52 points and the traditional IDB group scoring from 33 to 53 points.

Conclusions:
The hypothesis is not accepted. OrthoCAD iQ does not currently offer a system that can position orthodontic brackets better or more reliably than traditional indirect bonding techniques.
On the index of nonlocal elliptic operators for compact Lie groups
Authors: Savin Anton 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We consider a class of nonlocal operators associated with a compact Lie group G acting on a smooth manifold. A notion of symbol of such operators is introduced and an index formula for elliptic elements is obtained. The symbol in this situation is an element of a noncommutative algebra (crossed product by G) and to obtain an index formula, we define the Chern character for this algebra in the framework of noncommutative geometry.
Erosion Behavior of Glass-epoxy Composites Filled with SiC from Bamboo Leaf
Authors: Mantry S. , Mohapatra Sankar , Mohapatra S. , Singh S. K. , Mandal A. , Satapathy A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The present article reports the processing, mechanical characterization and solid particle erosion response of a new class of multi phase composites consisting of epoxy resin reinforced with E-glass fiber and SiC particulates. The SiC powder synthesized from bamboo leaf employing DC extended thermal plasma technique has been used as the filler in this glass-epoxy composite. It is observed that with increasing percentage of filler particles, there is a decline in tensile and flexural strength, but there is significant improvement in hardness and erosion wear performance. It is also observed that, among all the factors, impact velocity is the most significant factor followed by filler percentage and impingement angle, while erodent size has the least significance on erosion of the hybrid composite. Taguchi's orthogonal arrays have been used to identify the controlling factors influencing the erosion wear rate.
Modelling Behaviour of PET for Stretch and Micro-Blow Moulding Applications Using an Elasto-Visco-Plastic Material Model
Authors: Mir H. , Thibault F. , DiRaddo R. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been widely used in the stretch blow moulding (SBM) process for packaging applications. Finite element analysis has become extensively useful for assessing container designs and enabling the designers to perform analyses earlier in the design cycle to determine the best material and the best structure. However, there are several challenging issues due to various processing parameters and complex material behaviour, which is both temperature and strain-rate dependent. In this paper, we generalize the G'Sell-Jonas law in the three-dimensional (3D) case to model and simulate the elasto-visco-plastic (EVP) behaviour of PET, taking into account strain-hardening and strain-softening. In addition, it is observed that the internal pressure (inside the preform) is significantly different from the nominal pressure (imposed in the blowing device upstream) since the internal pressure and the enclosed volume of the preform are fully coupled. In order to accurately simulate this phenomenon, a thermodynamic model was used to characterize the pressure-volume relationship (PVR). The predicted pressure evolution is therefore more realistic when imposing only the machine power of the blowing device (air compressor or vacuum pump). Mechanical and temperature equilibrium equations are fully nonlinear and solved separately with implicit schemes on the current deformed configuration, which is updated at each time step. Biaxial characterization tests were used to determine the model parameters in order to simulate the SBM process using the PVR. Three industrial case studies, comparing simulated thickness predictions to experimental measurements, will be presented in order to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model.
Factorial Optimisation of the Effects of Melt Spinning Conditions on Biodegradable As-spun Aliphatic-Aromatic Co-Polyester Fibres
Authors: Younes B. , Fotheringham A. , Mather R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn order to optimize the melt spinning process of biodegradable as-spun linear aliphatic-aromatic co-polyester fibres, a fractional factorial experimental design and appropriate statistical analysis for the thirty-two screening trials involving five control parameters were used. Depending on previous studies (Younes and Fotheringham, 2011a, Younes, et al., 2009, 2010, Younes, et al., 2011b), the low melt flow index grade has been utilized in this work. Die head pressure of the extrusion machine, a range of crystallographic orders presented as full-width half-maximum of an X-ray scattering of as-spun fibres and thermo-graphic measurement of extruded filament in the air quench cooling window were investigated. Statistical analyses explained the relationship between, on the one hand, throughput flow rate and spinning temperature of filaments and, on the other hand, the crystallographic structure of the as-spun filaments. It has been found that spinning temperature and metering pumps speed are by far the most important factors affecting the die head pressure. Low spinning temperature leads to higher viscosity, higher flow resistance through the spinneret's nozzle and high die head pressure. Crystallographic order is affected significantly by metering pump speed, and the interaction between spinning temperature and quench air cooling speed. Metering pump speed, spinning temperature, winding speed and quench air cooling speed affect the filaments' temperature average. The obtained optimization helps to produce the most satisfactory properties in the biodegradable fibre based textiles, as environmentally-friendly attractive materials alternative to commercial chemical fibres for different applications.
Microstructural Evolution of PP/EPDM/Organoclay Nanocomposites in a Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Khosrokhavar R. , Naderi G. , Bakhshandeh G. R. , Ghoreishy M. H. R. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The offline Microstructure of nanocomposites based on Poly-Propylene (PP), Ethylene-Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) and Cloisite 15A along the twin screw extruder barrel was investigated by X-Ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and rheological measurements. To assess the effect of screw zones, the microstructural development of nanocomposites along the screw was investigated. Accordingly, dead-stop experiment samples were taken at four different positions of the extruder after abruptly stopping the machine and opening the barrel. Effect of clay loading on the evolution of morphology in the extruder was studied. X-Ray diffraction results showed that at lower clay contents (up to ∼7 wt.%), the intercalation process is independent of screw geometry and accomplishes as soon as the matrix is melted; and on the other hand, excessive melt mixing of the samples containing higher clay loadings (10 wt.%) might lead to the collapse of silicate layers and consequently poor degrees of intercalation/exfoliation. Results were confirmed by TEM micrographs and also XRD patterns of the nanocomposites sensitively detecting the microstructural changes of the samples.
Effect of Processing Conditions on Properties of PET/Clay Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Ghasemi H. , Carreau P. J. , Kamal M. R. , Chapleau N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanocomposite films (with 3 wt.% Cloisite 30B) were prepared by cast extrusion followed by uniaxial stretching, using chill rolls. Two screw profiles with different mixing elements under different screw speeds (N) and feeding rates (Q) were used to prepare PET/clay nanocomposite (PCN) films. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) showed that the clay layers were aligned in the machine direction (MD). XRD patterns depicted that the interlayer distance of clay platelets in the state of intercalation is somehow independent of the processing conditions, but the macro-scale characterization, including barrier and mechanical properties, showed that the level of clay layer delamination was affected by processing conditions. The results reveal that the applied strain has stronger effect than residence time on the barrier and mechanical properties. At the highest screw speed (N = 250 min−1), 27% reduction in oxygen permeability and 30% improvement in tensile modulus were obtained for the more severe screw profile.
The Use of Apparent Yield Stress to Characterize Exfoliation in Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Vergnes B. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Nanocomposites based on melt blending of an organoclay and a thermoplastic matrix have end-use properties directly controlled by the state of dispersion of the clay and the resulting nanostructure. It is thus very important to be able to correctly quantify the levels of intercalation and exfoliation of these systems. For the exfoliation, rheological measurements in small amplitude oscillatory shear are very powerful because they put clearly in evidence the interactions between nanofillers. We show in this paper how it is possible to interpret the experimental results, we indicate the advantages and drawbacks of current methods used in the literature and we strongly suggest to use the melt yield stress to characterize exfoliation level.
Autor frente a auctoritas: la recreación de Júpiter por Alfonso X en la General Estoria, Primera parte
Authors: Savo García Irene 
Published: April 2011

El presente artículo retoma las conclusiones que Francisco Rico (1972) propuso en su trabajo Alfonso el Sabio y la «General Estoria»: tres lecciones, sobre la relación entre la figura de Júpiter en la General Estoria y la personalidad regia de Alfonso X. Con el fin de justificar en primer término las afirmaciones del profesor Rico, se propone el análisis del capítulo De la razón del rey Saturno e de Júpiter e de sos hermanos, en el libro VI de la materia correspondiente al Génesis de la Primera parte de la General Estoria, en el cual se narra el origen del reinado de Júpiter. En segundo término, el análisis de este capítulo permite plantear una de las problemáticas más complejas que atañe a la recepción de los textos latinos en la General Estoria: la identificación de las fuentes y el uso alfonsí de las mismas, en este caso de aquellas mitográficas, traducidas y compiladas en los capítulos correspondientes a las narraciones de los linajes de los reyes gentiles.
Analyses of Recombinant Stereotypic IGHV3-21–Encoded Antibodies Expressed in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ghia Emanuela M. , Widhopf George F. , Rassenti Laura Z. , Kipps Thomas J. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells that use IgH encoded by IGHV3-21 and that have a particular stereotypic third CDR (HCDR3), DANGMDV (motif-1), almost invariably express Ig L chains (IgL) encoded by IGLV3-21, whereas CLL that use IGHV3-21–encoded IgH with another stereotypic HCDR3, DPSFYSSSWTLFDY (motif-2), invariably express κ-IgL encoded by IGKV3-20. This nonstochastic pairing could reflect steric factors that preclude these IgH from pairing with other IgL or selection for an Ig with a particular Ag-binding activity. We generated rIg with IGHV3-21–encoded IgH with HCDR3 motif-1 or -2 and IgL encoded by IGKV3-20 or IGLV3-21. Each IgH paired equally well with matched or mismatched κ- or λ-IgL to form functional Ig, which we screened for binding to an array of different Ags. Ig with IGLV3-21–encoded λ-IgL could bind with an affinity of ∼2 × 10−6 M to protein L, a cell-wall protein of Peptostreptococcus magnus, independent of the IgH, indicating that protein L is a superantigen for IGLV3-21–encoded λ-IgL. We also detected Ig binding to cofilin, a highly conserved actin-binding protein. However, cofilin binding was independent of native pairing of IgH and IgL and was not specific for Ig with IgH encoded by IGHV3-21. We conclude that steric factors or the binding activity for protein L or cofilin cannot account for the nonstochastic pairing of IgH and IgL observed for the stereotypic Ig made by CLL cells that express IGHV3-21.
Granzyme B Expression by CD8+ T Cells Is Required for the Development of Experimental Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Haque Ashraful , Best Shannon E. , Unosson Klara , Amante Fiona H. , de Labastida Fabian , Anstey Nicholas M. , Karupiah Gunasegaran , Smyth Mark J. , Heath William R. , Engwerda Christian R. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Parasite burden predicts disease severity in malaria and risk of death in cerebral malaria patients. In murine experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), parasite burden and CD8+ T cells promote disease by mechanisms that are not fully understood. We found that the majority of brain-recruited CD8+ T cells expressed granzyme B (GzmB). Furthermore, gzmB−/− mice harbored reduced parasite numbers in the brain as a consequence of enhanced antiparasitic CD4+ T cell responses and were protected from ECM. We showed in these ECM-resistant mice that adoptively transferred, Ag-specific CD8+ T cells migrated to the brain, but did not induce ECM until a critical Ag threshold was reached. ECM induction was exquisitely dependent on Ag-specific CD8+ T cell-derived perforin and GzmB, but not IFN-γ. In wild-type mice, full activation of brain-recruited CD8+ T cells also depended on a critical number of parasites in this tissue, which in turn, was sustained by these tissue-recruited cells. Thus, an interdependent relationship between parasite burden and CD8+ T cells dictates the onset of perforin/GzmB-mediated ECM.
The Immunosuppressive Role of IL-32 in Lymphatic Tissue during HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Smith Anthony J. , Toledo Chad M. , Wietgrefe Stephen W. , Duan Lijie , Schacker Timothy W. , Reilly Cavan S. , Haase Ashley T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOne pathological hallmark of HIV-1 infection is chronic activation of the immune system, driven, in part, by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The host attempts to counterbalance this prolonged immune activation through compensatory mediators of immune suppression. We recently identified a gene encoding the proinflammatory cytokine IL-32 in microarray studies of HIV-1 infection in lymphatic tissue (LT) and show in this study that increased expression of IL-32 in both gut and LT of HIV-1–infected individuals may have a heretofore unappreciated role as a mediator of immune suppression. We show that: 1) IL-32 expression is increased in CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells in vivo; 2) IL-32 induces the expression of immunosuppressive molecules IDO and Ig-like transcript 4 in immune cells in vitro; and 3) in vivo, IL-32-associated IDO/Ig-like transcript 4 expression in LT macrophages and gut epithelial cells decreases immune activation but also may impair host defenses, supporting productive viral replication, thereby accounting for the correlation between IL-32 levels and HIV-1 replication in LT. Thus, during HIV-1 infection, we propose that IL-32 moderates chronic immune activation to avert associated immunopathology but at the same time dampens the antiviral immune response and thus paradoxically supports HIV-1 replication and viral persistence.
Microcapsules: Packing of Emulsion Droplets: Structural and Functional Motifs for Multi‐Cored Microcapsules (Adv. Funct. Mater. 9/2011)
Authors: Kim Shin‐Hyun , Hwang Hyerim , Lim Che Ho , Shim Jae Won , Yang Seung‐Man 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAdvances in microfluidic emulsification have enabled the creation of multiphase emulsion drops, which have emerged as promising templates for producing functional microcapsules. However, most previous micro‐encapsulation methods have limitations in terms of capsule stability, functionality, and simplicity of fabrication procedures. Here, we report a simple single‐step encapsulation technique that uses an optofluidic platform to efficiently and precisely encapsulate a specific number of emulsion droplets in photocurable shell droplets. In particular, we show, for the first time, that densely confined core droplets within an oily shell droplet rearrange into a unique configuration that minimizes the interfacial energy, as confirmed here from theory. These structures are then consolidated into multi‐cored microcapsules with structural and mechanical stability through in situ photopolymerization of the shell in a continuous mode, which are capable of isolating active materials and releasing them in a controlled manner using well‐defined nanohole arrays or nanoscopic silver architectures on thin membranes.
BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS: Compact and Stable Quantum Dots with Positive, Negative, or Zwitterionic Surface: Specific Cell Interactions and Non‐Specific Adsorptions by the Surface Charges (Adv. Funct. Mater. 9/2011)
Authors: Park Joonhyuck , Nam Jutaek , Won Nayoun , Jin Ho , Jung Sungho , Jung Sungwook , Cho So‐Hye , Kim Sungjee 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new type of quantum dot (QD) ligand chemistry is introduced that can provide positive, negative, or zwitterionic surface QDs. CdSe/CdZnS core‐shell QDs are decorated with ligands, and the non‐specific and specific interactions of the QDs through their surface charge are investigated with the focus on cellular adsorptions and endocytosis. Zwitterionic QDs are compact with a ligand hydrodynamic thickness of less than 2 nm, they are colloidally very stable over a broad pH range and even in saturated NaCl solution, and they show minimal non‐specific adsorptions. Positive and negative QDs show a very different behavior for cellular adsorption and subsequent incorporation, suggesting mostly energy‐independent pathways for positive QDs and exclusively adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐dependent pathways for negative QDs. The zwitterionic QD surface ligands can also be used in conjunction with other functional groups, which allows simple conjugations for highly specific targeting whereas retaining the advantages of a zwitterionic QD surface. This QD surface chemistry can provide highly specific and very sensitive imaging with very low background level. Using the mixed QD surface ligand system, we demonstrated streptavidin and antibody QD conjugates that show a signal‐to‐noise ratio that is over 4000 times higher than the unconjugated mixture, which was used as a control case. The QD chemistry reported herein can be easily extended to other functional groups, such as alkynes, azides, or other amines, and can be further used in many future applications, including single‐QD level experiments, sensitive assays, or in vivo applications using anti‐fouling QD probes.
Extended Lifetimes of Gold(III) Chloride Catalysts using Copper(II) Chloride and 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine 1‐Oxyl (TEMPO)
Authors: Graf Tyler A. , Anderson Thomas K. , Bowden Ned B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe turnovers of a gold(III) chloride catalyst were increased by 3,300% with the addition of several equivalents of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl (TEMPO) and catalytic amounts of copper(II) chloride. A three‐component coupling reaction between piperidine, phenylacetylene, and benzaldehyde yielded a propargylic amine in quantitative conversions and isolated yields when gold(III) chloride was added in catalytic amounts, but the gold catalyst decomposed and had little to no reactivity when a second set of piperidine, phenylacetylene, and benzaldehyde was added after the reaction was complete. Thus, only one cycle was possible with gold(III) chloride. The addition of TEMPO and copper(II) chloride to reactions with gold(III) chloride maintained the catalytic activity of gold for up to 33 cycles. This result demonstrates a new way to greatly increase the turnovers of a gold(III) chloride catalyst with the addition of inexpensive, commercially available reagents.
Tandem Catalysis: Alcohol Oxidation and CC Bond Formation via CH Bond Activation
Authors: Simon Marc‐Olivier , Ung Gaël , Darses Sylvain 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA tandem process involving oxidation of a benzylic alcohol functionality followed by hydroarylation is described. These two atom‐economic sequences are very convenient to access functionalized aromatic ketones, using simple ruthenium trichloride as catalyst precursor. Moreover they appear to be highly compatible, tolerant, and selective toward various functional groups, and the ease of the protocol should make it very convenient for synthetic purposes.
A New Class of Enantioselective Catalytic 2‐Pyrone Diels–Alder Cycloadditions
Authors: Wu Wanqing , Min Long , Zhu Lizhi , Lee Chi‐Sing 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA highly enantioselective catalytic Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition of 2H‐pyran‐2,5‐diones (synthon of 5‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrones) has been developed with a Cinchona‐derived thiourea as the catalyst. The conditions were optimized by using 0.2 equiv. of the catalyst and 0.1 equiv. of formic acid in 2‐propanol at room temperature, which afforded the DA products in yields of up to 90% (exo/endo=5.5:1, 98% ee) with trans‐β‐nitrostyrene derivatives as the dienophiles. The structure/activity relationships of the bifunctional catalyst and the effects of the steric, electronic and hydrogen‐bonding properties of the dienophiles have been studied.