bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis: Adherence to guidelines and outcomes in real-world health care
Authors: Gerlach Horst , Hach-Wunderle Viola , Rabe Eberhard , Riess Hanno , Carnarius Heike , Eberle Sonja , Bauersachs Rupert , Schellong Sebastian 
Published: October 2009

SummaryCurrent guidelines recommend optimised algorithms for diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). There is little data to determine to what extent real-world health care adheres to guidelines, and which outcome in terms of diagnostic efficiency and safety is achieved. This registry involved patients with clinically suspected DVT of the leg recruited in German ambulatory care between October and December 2005. Registry items were: diagnostic methods applied; diagnostic categories at day 1; and venous thromboembolic events up to 90 days in patients without firmly established DVT. A total of 4,976 patients were recruited in 326 centres. Venous ultrasonography was performed in 4,770 patients (96%), D-dimer assay in 1,773 patients (36%) and venography in 288 patients (6%). At day 1, DVT was confirmed in 1,388 patients (28%), and ruled out in 3,389 patients (68%), and work-up was inconclusive in 199 patients (4%).The rate of venous thromboembolism at 90 days was 0.34% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09 to 0.88) in patients in whom the diagnosis of DVT had been ruled out, and 2.50% (95% CI: 0.69 to 6.28) in patients with inconclusive diagnostic workup. This nationwide evaluation in German ambulatory care revealed that the diagnostic work-up for suspected DVT did not adhere to current guidelines. However, the overall diagnostic safety was excellent, although there is potential for improvement in a well defined minority of patients.The TULIPA registry was funded by GlaxoSmithKline GmbH und Co KG, Munich.
Inhibition of acute vascular thrombosis in chimpanzees by an anti-human tissue factor antibody targeting the factor X binding site
Authors: Jiao Jin-an , Kelly Andrew , Marzec Ulla , Nieves Esperanza , Acevedo Jorge , Burkhardt Martin , Edwards Ana , Zhu Xiao-yun , Chavaillaz Pierre-Andre , Wong Alice , Wong Jeffrey , Egan Jack , Taylor Dean , Rhode Peter , Wong Hing 
Published: October 2009

SummaryTissue factor (TF) antagonists targeting the factor VII (FVII) binding domain have been shown to interrupt acute vascular thrombus formation without impairing haemostasis in non-human primates. In this study, we evaluate whether a human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody (ALT-836, formerly known as Sunol-cH36) blocking the factor X/factor IX (FX/FIX) binding site of tissue factor could achieve similar clinical benefits in an arterial thrombosis model induced by surgical endarterectomy in chimpanzees. In this model, sequential surgical endarterectomies on right and left superficial femoral arteries were performed 30 days apart in five chimpanzees. A bolus (1 mg/kg) of ALT-836 was injected intravenously immediately preceding the restoration of flow in the endarterectomised femoral artery. Pre-surgical labelling of autologous platelets using 111In-Oxine and post-surgical gamma camera imaging of 111In-platelet deposition at endarterectomy sites was performed. The manipulated arterial segments were harvested for patency analysis 30 days following surgery. The results indicate that ALT-836 was highly effective at reducing acute vascular thrombosis, with no significant variations in surgical blood loss and template-bleeding time in the treated group compared to the control animals. These data suggest that ALT-836 is an effective and safe antithrombotic agent in preventing TF-initiated vascular thrombogenesis without compromising haemostasis.
Comparison of 4- and 64-slice CT scanning in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Hofstee Herman , Schaefer-Prokop Cornelia , van Waesberghe Jan Hein , Lely Rutger , Kamphuisen Pieter , Gerdes Victor , Kramer Mark , Büller Harry , Douma Renée 
Published: October 2009

SummaryWith the introduction of multi-detector row CT (MDCT), sensitivity to diagnose pulmonary embolism (PE) has greatly improved. The use of newer generation CT-scans may lead to a higher prevalence and a different distribution of PE. We compared 64-slice with 4-slice MDCT regarding prevalence and distribution of PE, the number of inconclusive test results and inter-reader variability. CT-scans from a random sample of 110 consecutive patients who underwent 4-slice CT-scanning were compared with 64-slice CT-scans from 107 patients from a second cohort. Three radiologists independently reassessed all CT-scans. Consensus was reached in case of disagreement between the readers. Final diagnosis of PE was categorised as central, segmental or subsegmental by the thrombus’ most proximal end. The prevalence of PE was 24% (26/110, 95% confidence interval [CI] 17–32%) and 22% (24/107, 16–31%) for the 4-slice and 64-slice cohort, respectively. The prevalence of isolated subsegmental emboli was 2/26 (7.7%; 2.1–24%) and 5/24 (21%; 9.2–41%), respectively (p=0.424). The number of inconclusive scans was 10% in both cohorts, mostly due to movement artefacts and suboptimal intravascular contrast, respectively. The inter-reader agreement between the three readers was 0.70 for the 4-slice scans and 0.68 for the 64-slice scans. Although absolute prevalence of PE was equal in both cohorts, there was a trend towards more subsegmental PE with 64-slice CT. In a multi-reader setting, the number of inconclusive examinations was higher than quoted for clinical management studies, indicating that the diagnosis of PE with MDCT could be less straightforward than assumed.
New oral anticoagulants in development
Authors: Weitz Jeffrey 
Published: October 2009

SummaryAlthough currently available anticoagulants are effective for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders, they have several drawbacks. Low-molecular-weight heparins and fondaparinux produce a predictable level of anticoagulation that obviates the need for coagulation monitoring, but they must be given parenterally, which renders them inconvenient for long-term use. Vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin, are administered orally, but produce a variable anticoagulant response because genetic polymorphisms, dietary vitamin K intake and multiple drug-drug interactions affect their metabolism. Consequently, coagulation monitoring and frequent dose adjustments are needed to ensure that a therapeutic level of anticoagulation is achieved. This is burdensome for patients and physicians, and costly for the healthcare system. These limitations have prompted the development of new oral anticoagulants that target thrombin or factor Xa and can be given in fixed doses without coagulation monitoring. This paper focuses on the new oral anticoagulants in the most advanced stages of development.
High incidence of in-hospital pulmonary embolism following joint arthroplasty with dalteparin prophylaxis
Authors: Kerr Jason , Linkins Lori-Ann 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe in-hospital incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients undergoing elective joint arthroplasty who receive a minimum of 10 days of dalteparin prophylaxis is reported to be less than 1%. Recent clinical experience raised suspicion that the incidence of PE was significantly higher at our tertiary care institution. It was the objective of this study to determine the incidence of in-hospital PE and symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis following elective joint arthroplasty in patients who received a minimum of 10 days of dalteparin prophylaxis. Consecutive charts of patients who underwent elective joint arthroplasty at our institution between January 2008 and June 2008 were reviewed. Data on risk factors for venous thromboembolism, objectively documented venous thromboembolic events, and signs and symptoms of PE were abstracted. Patients who received concomitant warfarin in the postoperative period were excluded. The study population consisted of 437 knee arthroplasty and 246 hip arthroplasty patients. The incidence of in-hospital PE following knee arthroplasty and hip arthroplasty was 4.6% and 0.4%, respectively. One out of every 10 knee patients, and one out of every 20 hip patients underwent testing for pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed a median of 3.5 days after knee arthroplasty. The incidence of in-hospital PE in knee arthroplasty patients who received dalteparin prophylaxis was significantly higher than expected. Potential explanations for this finding include poor efficacy of dalteparin started 12–24 hours postoperatively and/or a low threshold for ordering diagnostic imaging for PE. Studies to clarify these issues are needed.
Vacuolisation of human microvascular endothelial cells by enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli
Authors: Greune Lilo , Kemper Björn , Dobrindt Ulrich , Geelen Joyce , Kim Kwang , Schmidt M. Alexander , Karch Helge , Bielaszewska Martina , Bauwens Andreas 
Published: October 2009

SummaryEnterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) cause haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS),a thrombotic microangiopathy resulting from endothelial injury in the renal glomeruli and other organs. EHEC virulence factors that damage the microvascular endothelium play therefore major roles in the pathogenesis of HUS.We identified an EHEC strain that vacuolates and kills primary human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells (GMVECs) and a human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) line. Because the vacuolating effect closely resembles those elicited on other cells by the vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori (VacA), we designated the factor responsible for this effect EHEC vacuolating cytotoxin (EHEC-Vac). EHEC-Vac (a secreted non-serine protease protein) binds to HBMECs rapidly and irreversibly, vacuolates within 30 min after exposure and the effect is maximally apparent at 48 h. Despite the vacuolisation, HBMECs survive for several days before they undergo necrosis. Electron and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrate that the vacuoles induced by EHEC-Vac originate from lysosomes.Accordingly, they stain with neutral red indicating an acidic microenvironment. Similar to VacA, the EHEC-Vac-mediated vacuolisation is both prevented and reverted by the vacuolar proton pump inhibitor bafilomycin A1, suggesting a similar mechanism of vacuole formation by these toxins. Despite the similarity of phenotypes elicited by EHEC-Vac and VacA, genomic DNA from the EHEC-Vac-producing strain failed to hybridise to a vacA probe, as well as to probes derived from presently known E. coli vacuolating toxins.Through its microvascular endothelium-injuring potential combined with the ability to induce interleukin 6 release from these cells EHEC-Vac might contribute to the pathogenesis of HUS.
In Between as a Permanent Status: Milan Adamčiak's Version of Intermedia
Authors: Cseres Jozef 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Milan Adamčiak is a Slovak composer, cellist and musicologist; creator of acoustic objects, installations and unconventional musical instruments; a performer, visual artist and experimental poet. Traditionally trained but influenced by Cagean and Fluxus poetics, he created from the late 1960s until the mid-1990s a large body of work that transgressed the conventional definitions of art creativity and quickly moved toward the concepts of opera aperta, action music and various intermedia forms. At the same time he was experimenting with electronic media, he created several pieces of electroacoustic music and musique concrÈte, but it was primarily live electronics that fit the principles of his radical poetics. The author considers Adamčiak's intermedia in the context of philosophical and aesthetical thought, revealing mutual correspondences, apparent as well as hidden.
The Blippoo Box: A Chaotic Electronic Music Instrument, Bent by Design
Authors: Hordijk Rob 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
This article addresses the design of the Blippoo Box, an audio sound generator that operates according to the principles of chaos theory. By designing the Blippoo Box, the artist attempts to bridge a crossover space between abstract (sonic) art, music and artistic craftsmanship. In the hands of performing musicians the Blippoo Box becomes an electronic music instrument that invites performers to improvise with the chaotic nature of the box. Despite this chaotic behavior, the produced sounds have particular characteristics that are roughly predictable and enable a performer to build a performance around a composed scheme.
Perspectives on Sound-Space: The Story of Acoustic Defense
Authors: Ganchrow Raviv 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
The late 1920s yielded the development and construction of several large-scale “sound mirrors,” along the southeastern coast of Britain, aimed at intercepting sounds of approaching aircraft outside the visual range. A central mode in the design of these long-range listening devices emphasizes a sonic paradigm in which frequencies are considered in terms of corresponding physical sizes. By examining the case of the sound mirrors as a formative moment within the broader reconfiguration of listening habits, the author attempts to locate a shift in the grasp of space that occurs when an optic model of viewing is replaced with an acoustic model of listening, exposing a condition in which the close-at-hand and the far-off momentarily coincide.
Midterm Results of Surgical Treatment for Adult Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee
Authors: Pascual-Garrido Cecilia , Friel Nicole A. , Kirk Spencer S. , McNickle Allison G. , Bach Bernard R. , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Verma Nikhil N. , Cole Brian J. 
Published: October 2009

Background Determination of appropriate treatment options for adult osteochondritis dissecans is difficult, as most published papers on surgical osteochondritis dissecans treatment report outcomes in a population consisting of both adult and juvenile patients. Purpose This study examines the outcomes of surgical procedures in patients with adult osteochondritis dissecans. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods The cohort included 46 adult patients (48 knees) with adult osteochondritis dissecans of the knee who had undergone surgical treatment (debridement, drilling, loose-body removal, arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation, microfracture, osteo-chondral allograft, or autologous chondrocyte implantation). The average patient age was 34 6 9.5 years (range, 20-49) and patients were followed for 4.0 6 1.8 years. The mean defect size was 4.5 6 2.7 cm2. Outcomes were assessed via clinical assessment and established outcome scales, including the Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Tegner, Cincinnati, and Short Form-12. Results Statistically significant improvement (P<05) was noted in all outcome scales, including Noyes, Tegner, Lysholm, IKDC, KOOS (subdivided into 5 categories including Pain, Symptoms, Activities of Daily Living, Sport, and Quality of Life), Short Form-12 Physical, and Short Form-12 Mental. Seven knees (14%) had clinical failure of the initial treatment and underwent a revision procedure at a mean follow-up of 14 months. Patients treated with arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation and loose-body removal demonstrated a statistically higher postoperative percentage score increase for the KOOS Sport (P 5 .008) and KOOS Quality of Life (P 5 .03) categories than those treated with an osteochondral allograft. Conclusion Patients with adult osteochondritis dissecans of the knee, treated with surgical cartilage procedures, show durable function and symptomatic improvement at a mean 4.0 years of follow-up. Patients treated with arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation and loose-body removal demonstrated a greater improvement in outcome scores than those treated with osteochon-dral allograft.
Matrix-Assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for the Repair of Cartilage Defects of the Knee
Authors: Kon Elizaveta , Verdonk Peter , Condello Vincenzo , Delcogliano Marco , Dhollander Aad , Filardo Giuseppe , Pignotti Elettra , Marcacci Maurilio 
Published: October 2009

Background The clinical application of the second-generation tissue-engineering approach for the treatment of cartilage lesions has been documented for different types of scaffolds, but systematic information on clinical efficacy and long-term results is not available. Purpose To analyze and assess the quality of clinical studies on different products in the emerging field of matrix-assisted auto-logous chondrocyte transplantation. The secondary purpose of this review was to improve the quality assessment of studies by modifying the Coleman methodology score (CMS). Study Design Systematic review. Methods For this review, a literature search was performed to identify all published and unpublished clinical studies of matrixassisted (second-generation) autologous chondrocyte transplantation using the following medical electronic databases: MED-LINE, MEDLINE preprints, EMBASE, CINAHL, Life Science Citations, and British National Library of Health, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The search period was January 1, 1995, to July 1, 2008. To better assess cartilage-related studies, a modification of the CMS was proposed. Results Eighteen studies were included in the analysis, reporting on 731 patients with an average follow-up of 27.3 months (6.5-60.0 months). Of the 18 studies, 2 were randomized controlled studies, 3 were prospective comparative studies, 11 were prospective cohort studies or prospective case series, and 2 were retrospective case series. Original CMSs for these studies (55.1 6 1.6) were significantly higher than those of cartilage repair studies in general (43.5 6 1.6, P <.0001) reported in 2005. The statistical analysis indicated that the modified CMS showed higher correlations and lower variability of correlations among 3 reviewers. Conclusion The quality of the currently available data on second-generation autologous chondrocyte transplantation is still limited by study designs. The modified CMS has demonstrated better sensitivity and reproducibility with respect to the original score, so it can be recommended for cartilage clinical studies evaluation.
The small 11kDa nonstructural protein of human parvovirus B19 plays a key role in inducing apoptosis during B19 virus infection of primary erythroid progenitor cells
Authors: Chen Aaron Yun , Zhang Elizabeth Yan , Guan Wuxiang , Cheng Fang , Kleiboeker Steve , Yankee Thomas M. , Qiu Jianming 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHuman parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection shows a strong erythroid tropism and drastically destroys erythroid progenitor cells, thus leading to most of the disease outcomes associated with B19V infection. In this study, we systematically examined the 3 B19V nonstructural proteins, 7.5kDa, 11kDa, and NS1, for their function in inducing apoptosis in transfection of primary ex vivo–expanded erythroid progenitor cells, in comparison with apoptosis induced during B19V infection. Our results show that 11kDa is a more significant inducer of apoptosis than NS1, whereas 7.5kDa does not induce apoptosis. Furthermore, we determined that caspase-10, an initiator caspase in death receptor signaling, is the most active caspase in apoptotic erythroid progenitors induced by 11kDa and NS1 as well as during B19V infection. More importantly, cytoplasm-localized 11kDa is expressed at least 100 times more than nucleus-localized NS1 at the protein level in primary erythroid progenitor cells infected with B19V; and inhibition of 11kDa expression using antisense oligos targeting specifically to the 11kDa-encoding mRNAs reduces apoptosis significantly during B19V infection of erythroid progenitor cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the 11kDa protein contributes to erythroid progenitor cell death during B19V infection.
Association of factor H autoantibodies with deletions of CFHR1, CFHR3, CFHR4, and with mutations in CFH, CFI, CD46, and C3 in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Moore Iain , Strain Lisa , Pappworth Isabel , Kavanagh David , Barlow Paul N. , Herbert Andrew P. , Schmidt Christoph Q. , Staniforth Scott J. , Holmes Lucy V. , Ward Roy , Morgan Lynn , Goodship Timothy H. J. , Marchbank Kevin J. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Factor H autoantibodies have been reported in approximately 10% of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and are associated with deficiency of factor H–related proteins 1 and 3. In this study we examined the prevalence of factor H autoantibodies in the Newcastle cohort of aHUS patients, determined whether the presence of such autoantibodies is always associated with deficiency of factor H–related proteins 1 and 3, and examined whether such patients have additional susceptibility factors and/or mutations in the genes encoding complement regulator/activators. We screened 142 patients with aHUS and found factor H autoantibodies in 13 individuals (age 1-11 years). The presence of the autoantibodies was confirmed by Western blotting. By using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification we measured complement factor H–related (CFHR)1 and CFHR3 copy number. In 10 of the 13 patients there were 0 copies of CFHR1, and in 3 patients there were 2. In 3 of the patients with 0 copies of CFHR1 there was 1 copy of CFHR3, and these individuals exhibited a novel deletion incorporating CFHR1 and CFHR4. In 5 patients mutations were identified: 1 in CFH, 1 in CFI, 1 in CD46, and 2 in C3. The latter observation emphasizes that multiple concurrent factors may be necessary in individual patients for disease manifestation.
Hes1 immortalizes committed progenitors and plays a role in blast crisis transition in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Nakahara Fumio , Sakata-Yanagimoto Mamiko , Komeno Yukiko , Kato Naoko , Uchida Tomoyuki , Haraguchi Kyoko , Kumano Keiki , Harada Yuka , Harada Hironori , Kitaura Jiro , Ogawa Seishi , Kurokawa Mineo , Kitamura Toshio , Chiba Shigeru 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Hairy enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor that affects differentiation and often helps maintain cells in an immature state in various tissues. Here we show that retroviral expression of Hes1 immortalizes common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs) in the presence of interleukin-3, conferring permanent replating capability on these cells. Whereas these cells did not develop myeloproliferative neoplasms when intravenously administered to irradiated mice, the combination of Hes1 and BCR-ABL in CMPs and GMPs caused acute leukemia resembling blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), resulting in rapid death of the recipient mice. On the other hand, BCR-ABL alone caused CML-like disease when expressed in c-Kit-positive, Sca-1-positive, and lineage-negative hematopoietic stem cells (KSLs), but not committed progenitors CMPs or GMPs, as previously reported. Leukemic cells derived from Hes1 and BCR-ABL-expressing CMPs and GMPs were more immature than those derived from BCR-ABL-expressing KSLs. Intriguingly, Hes1 was highly expressed in 8 of 20 patients with CML in blast crisis, but not in the chronic phase, and dominant negative Hes1 retarded the growth of some CML cell lines expressing Hes1. These results suggest that Hes1 is a key molecule in blast crisis transition in CML.