bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of sand-crumb rubber mixture treatment on the seismic response of a low-rise building located on liquefiable soil
Authors: Tareghian Benyamin , Baradaran Mohammad Saleh , Akhtarpour Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne of the most effective measures to reduce earthquake risks in high-seismic areas is to reduce the input forces caused by earthquakes to the structure. The properties of rubber materials in geotechnical projects are energy absorption, dynamic deformation change as well as damping of latent energy in loads, high shear modulus and damping ratio, easy access and their economic nature. In this research, with finite difference modeling, the effect of using sand- crumb rubber layer on the seismic behavior of the model has been obtained. In the following, by changing the thickness and depth of the sand-crumb rubber layer, the seismic behavior such as floor displacement and internal forces have been investigated. This research numerically models liquefaction (UBCsand with FLAC) and predicts the effects of the sand-crumb rubber layer of different thicknesses (as % weight of the mixture) under the foundation and evaluates the structure's damage and settlement interacting with the soil by validating the numerical model with the laboratory model and calibrating it with different ratios. The results show that liquefaction, pore water pressure excess ratio and soil settlement will be significantly reduced with the presence of sand-crumb rubber layer, and also the base shear has shown an increase, but the structural damage is reduced.
Graphical Abstract
Nationhood in South Sudan Cinema: The Iconicity of Motherhood in Akuol de Mabior’s No Simple Way Home (2023)
Authors: Mututa Addamms Songe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPost-cessation nationhood in South Sudan presented a paradoxical situation: a country united during struggle is fragmented after independence. Among the triggers for this scenario was the death of Dr John Garang de Mabior—the country’s founding father. This article is a multidisciplinary semiotic critique of Akuol de Mabior’s film, No Simple Way Home (2023), against the history of South Sudanese nationhood. Without claiming a political scientific analysis, the author proposes that South Sudan’s crisis of nationhood is symptomatic of a quest for a unifying icon. He theorizes the protagonist’s quintessence of motherhood as a semiotic gesture of her de jure iconicity of unified nationhood.
What passes through the extinction filter? Historical and contemporary patterns of vulnerability of the most extinction-prone bird family (Aves: Rallidae)
Authors: Lévêque Lucile , Carver Scott , Buettel Jessie , Brook Barry 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Patterns of extinction risk can vary across taxa, with species of some groups being particularly vulnerable to extinction. Rails (Aves: Rallidae) represent one of the most extreme yet well-documented cases of mass extinction within a modern vertebrate group. Between 54 and 92% of rail species became extinct following waves of human contact during both the Holocene and the Anthropocene eras, and a third of the extant species are currently threatened or near-threatened. Here, we (1) examine extinction filters through consecutive human contacts with rails, investigating the role of intrinsic life-history traits and (2) investigate the drivers of contemporary vulnerability. During the most recent wave of extinction, we found that body size was an important correlate of rail extinctions, with both smaller and larger bodied species more likely to become extinct. Island endemism and small clutch size were the strongest predictors of contemporary vulnerability. Overall, island endemic rails tend to follow the same trajectory as extinct species, suffering mostly from invasive predators and overhunting, but with different traits targeted contemporarily compared to past extinctions. Moreover, modern anthropogenic threats have created the potential for new intricate pathways – or a contemporary ‘field of bullets’ – making future vulnerability potentially less predictable.
SUMMABILITY AND ASYMPTOTICS OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF AN EQUATION OF WOLFF TYPE
Authors: LI CHUNHONG , LEI YUTIAN 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe use potential analysis to study the properties of positive solutions of a discrete Wolff-type equation
$$ \begin{align*} w(i)=W_{\beta,\gamma}(w^q)(i), \quad i \in \mathbb{Z}^n. \end{align*} $$
Here,
$n \geq 1$
,
$\min \{q,\beta \}>0$
,
$1<\gamma \leq 2$
and
$\beta \gamma <n$
. Such an equation can be used to study nonlinear problems on graphs appearing in the study of crystal lattices, neural networks and other discrete models. We use the method of regularity lifting to obtain an optimal summability of positive solutions of the equation. From this result, we obtain the decay rate of
$w(i)$
when
$|i| \to \infty $
.
The affinity of microcontinents in northern East Gondwana in the Silurian: Hainan Island response to the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean
Authors: Gao Shiyao , Xu Zhongjie , Kong Jintao , Tan Hua , sun Yingming , Fu Hexue , Ming Yin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring the existence of Proto-Tethys Ocean (550–430 Ma), microcontinents in northern East Gondwana merged with the northern margin of India-Australia, completing the assembly of Gondwana. Ongoing controversy surrounds the disappearance of the Proto-Tethys Ocean, the dynamic mechanisms of suturing and the palaeogeographic relationships among microcontinents in northern East Gondwana, contributing to the uncertainty about the tectonic evolution of the region. This paper concerns the lower Silurian Zusailing Formation in the Hainan Island and focuses on the affinity between Hainan Island and various microcontinents in northern East Gondwana during the early Silurian. We use detrital zircon geochronology to reconstruct the closure process of the Proto-Tethys Ocean and show that the detrital zircon U–Pb age groups of the lower Silurian Zusailing Formation are 2800–2200, 2100–1350, 1250–950, 600–480 and 480–430 Ma, with a significant age peak of ca. 449 Ma. Furthermore, the analysis of detrital zircon geochemistry and europium anomalies shows that the Hainan Island crust continued to thicken during 600–434 Ma. Comparing the age spectrum of early Palaeozoic detrital zircons from Hainan Island and various microcontinents in northern East Gondwana, as well as the affinity among them during the Silurian, we conclude that the closure of the eastern Proto-Tethys Ocean evolved from unidirectional subduction (600–480 Ma) to bidirectional subduction (480–430 Ma).
The Outdoor Condition: Reading Arendt on a Warming Planet
Authors: Markell Patchen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIs Hannah Arendt's political thought relevant to the contemporary planetary situation? This article draws on The Human Condition and some of Arendt's ancient and modern sources to answer this question, using a phenomenological distinction between outdoors and indoors to make sense of three likely types of artificial adaptation to a warming planet. Arendt's account of the importance of the “body-bound senses” of an “earth-bound creature” need not result in the problematic fetishization of immediate rather than mediated knowledge, or of an “earthly nature” supposedly prior to and independent of the human artifice, but can draw attention to the narrowing of human beings’ “angle of receptivity” to a surprising and unpredictable reality. This perspective, however, also discloses the limits of Arendt's work in the face of ecological transformations that are simultaneously planetary in scale and highly unequal in their consequences.
PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH ETHICS PRINCIPLISM, AND GOOD GOVERNANCE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Schüklenk Udo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic brought about at least two normative challenges on unprecedented scale for liberal democracies. One concerned prioritization decisions when health care resources were constrained. The other, which arguably led to lasting damage to social cohesion and citizens’ trust in government and government public health institutions, concerned policies introduced with the aim of reducing the spread of SARS-CoV2, some of which turned out to be mistaken. I discuss in this essay a few examples of misguided, liberty-limiting public health policies and describe how public health and public health ethics principlism provided cover for such policies. Citizens had reasons to be concerned about the duration of such liberty-infringing policies, the absence of predictable government policies, and the absence of transparent justifications for the policies that were implemented.
FROM REGIONS TO THE WORLD: GLOBAL CRISES FROM THE THIRD CENTURY TO TODAY
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCrises, defined as a period of acute stress on social systems of all kinds, are a recurrent feature of history. As such, they are best approached and understood from a comparative historical perspective. We can distinguish between those caused or precipitated by an exogenous shock and those that derive from an endogenous process that culminates in the crisis. Crises can be of short or long duration and range from local to global. The most severe are ones that lead to a civilizational collapse or radical simplification process. Historically, severe crises have been localized to specific parts of the planet, even when several occur simultaneously because of global natural phenomena, but in the modern world we have truly global crises. Evidence suggests that such a global crisis is imminent or has already commenced. This raises practical and normative pressing issues.
Quantifying transitivity: Uncovering relations of gender and power
Authors: Aaron Jessi Elana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransitivity has come to be recognized as a promising heuristic tool for uncovering implicit ideologies in a wide range of areas. Though it has been used to explore worldviews in several kinds of discourse, nearly all have relied solely on qualitative analyses. Statistical analysis can offer a fuller understanding of past societies. This study applies a gradient, discourse-based understanding of transitivity, which lends itself nicely to corpus-based analysis, to data from 16th-century New Spain. In colonial Mexico, female behaviors were often strictly circumscribed. This paper uses a quantitative, corpus-based framework to examine how gender inequality is reflected in patterns of transitivity. It is found that female subjects are significantly associated with imperfective contexts, nonfinite constructions, akinesis, and low affectedness of the object—all markers of lower transitivity. Thus, for the most part, in these data, women are represented as inactive, inert, and powerless.
Sufficiency of
$\boldsymbol{c}$
-cyclical monotonicity in a class of multi-marginal optimal transport problems
Authors: De Pascale Luigi , Kausamo Anna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
$c$
-cyclical monotonicity is the most important optimality condition for an optimal transport plan. While the proof of necessity is relatively easy, the proof of sufficiency is often more difficult or even elusive. We present here a new approach, and we show how known results are derived in this new framework and how this approach allows to prove sufficiency in situations previously not treatable.
The “emotional brain” of adolescent Spanish–German heritage speakers: is emotional intelligence a proxy for productive emotional vocabulary?
Authors: Vidal Noguera Carmen , Mavrou Irini 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Autobiographical memories (AMs) are partly influenced by people's ability to process and express their emotions. This study investigated the extent to which trait emotional intelligence (EI) contributed to the emotional vocabulary of 148 adolescents – 60 speakers of Spanish as a heritage language (HL) raised in Germany, 61 first-language (L1) German speakers and 27 L1 Spanish speakers – in their written AMs of anger and surprise. The results revealed that heritage speakers with high trait EI used more emotional words in their AMs. These bilinguals also used more positive, negative and high-arousal words in their HL and in their AMs of anger. Similar patterns were observed in the AMs produced in Spanish (HL and L1), but L1 Spanish speakers used more emotional words in their AMs of surprise. By contrast, L1 German speakers used more emotional words than bilinguals in their AMs in German, and AMs of anger in German included more emotional vocabulary than those addressing surprise events.
The Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the	Academic Grit Scale (AGS) in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Bei Dong-Li , Liu Yang , Zheng Chuan-Zhang , Yao Cheng-Kui , Luo Jie , Ge Ying 
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The academic grit scale (AGS) is a new measure developed to assess the level of adolescents’ grit in an academic-specific context. The main purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties, factor structure, and measurement invariance of the AGS among Chinese adolescents. A cross-sectional design and convenient sampling were conducted in a sample of Chinese adolescents ( N = 619, 50.6% female, Mage = 14.56 years, SD = 1.47 years) using the AGS. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the original unidimensional model of the AGS, and multiple-group CFA further verified the AGS scores had strong measurement invariance across gender (i.e., boys and girls) and grade level (i.e., middle school students and high school students). Moreover, the AGS also showed satisfactory internal consistency (using Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s ω, and mean inter-item correlation) and criterion validity, supported by expected relationships with scores on external variables (i.e., general grit, anxiety, and depression). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the AGS has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be a reliable tool to measure the academic grit level of Chinese adolescents.
Dipole Source to Model Ground Deformation Due To Magma Migration
Authors: Cannavó Flavio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough magma migration is a necessary condition for the occurrence of a volcanic eruption, static analytical models for ground deformations consider stationary sources that undergo a change only in forces acting in the Earth's interior, such as changes in pressure or volume in a geometrically defined body. The variations in pressure or volume are mostly linked to the fluid dynamics or the superficializing of magma batches. Detection and tracking of magma motion in volcanic areas represent fundamental capabilities in predicting possible eruptions and therefore in reducing their associated risks. In the 3‐dimensional space, a magma migration defines a starting volume in depression and an arrival volume in overpressure. These end members can be modeled with two bonded point sources. Such a double‐point source can be considered the equivalent of a physical dipole. Here, the analytical solutions to predict ground deformations caused by a dipole source are presented and analyzed. The dipole analytical source allows modeling the effects on ground deformation of magma migration and vice versa. Estimating the magma migration from the measured ground deformation through data inversion. The dipole solution is compared with the basic volumetric source to discern its distinctive peculiarities and range of applicability. In addition, a discrepancy analysis with the equivalent numerical model was conducted to evaluate the approximation errors of the analytical model. To evaluate the practical value of the proposed model, two case studies on Sinabung volcano and Mt. Etna are presented. The analysis of continuous deformation data from GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) stations on Mt. Etna shows that a dipole source activates days before the December 2018 eruption, thus allowing the identification of the final magma rise.
Land Use Change Alters Soil Organic Carbon: Constrained Global Patterns and Predictors
Authors: Huang Xingzhao , Ibrahim Muhammed Mustapha , Luo Yiqi , Jiang Lifen , Chen Ji , Hou Enqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLand use change (LUC) alters the global carbon (C) stock, but our estimation of the alteration remains uncertain and is a major impediment to predicting the global C cycle. The uncertainty is partly due to the limited number and geographical bias of observations, and limited exploration of its predictors. Here we generated a comprehensive global database of 5,980 observations from 790 articles. The number of sites evaluated is at least seven times larger than in previous meta‐analyses. Our constrained estimates of different LUC's effects on soil organic C (SOC) and their variations across global climates reveal underestimation/overestimation in previous estimates. Converting forests and grasslands to croplands reduced SOC by 24.5% ± 1.53% (−11.03 ± 1.06 Mg ha−1) and 22.7% ± 1.22% (−8.09 ± 0.67 Mg ha−1), while 28.0% ± 1.56% (4.46 ± 0.42 Mg ha−1) and 33.5% ± 1.68% (5.8 ± 0.38 Mg ha−1) increases, respectively, were obtained in the reverse processes. Converting forests to grasslands decreased SOC by 2.1% ± 1.22% (−1.13 ± 0.44 Mg ha−1), while the reverse process increased SOC by 18.6% ± 1.73% (3.31 ± 0.51 Mg ha−1). Modeled relative importance of 10 drivers of LUC's impact on SOC revealed that higher initial SOC (iSOC) does not solely determine SOC loss in SOC‐negative LUC scenarios as previously proposed. Across four decades, reconverting croplands to forests and grasslands recovered only 49.5% (6.1 ± 0.51 Mg ha−1) and 75.3% (7.0 ± 0.38 Mg ha−1) of the iSOC, respectively, indicating the need for protecting C‐rich ecosystems. Our global data set advances information on LUC's effect on SOC and can be valuable to constrain Earth system models to reliably estimate global SOC stocks and plan climate change mitigation strategies.
Biogeochemical Fluxes of Nickel in the Global Oceans Inferred From a Diagnostic Model
Authors: John Seth G. , Liang Hengdi , Pasquier Benoît , Holzer Mark , Silva Sam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNickel (Ni) is a micronutrient that plays a role in nitrogen uptake and fixation in the modern ocean and may have affected rates of methanogenesis on geological timescales. Here, we present the results of a diagnostic model of global ocean Ni fluxes which addresses key questions about marine Ni cycling. Sparsely available observations of Ni concentration are first extrapolated into a global gridded climatology using tracers with better observational coverage such as macronutrients, and testing three different machine learning techniques. The physical transport of Ni is then estimated using the ocean circulation inverse model (OCIM2), revealing regions of net convergence or divergence. These diagnostics are not based on any assumption about Ni biogeochemical cycling, but their spatial patterns can be used to infer where biogeochemical processes such as biological Ni uptake and regeneration take place. Although Ni and silicate (Si) have similar concentration patterns in the ocean, we find that the spatial pattern of Ni uptake in the surface ocean is similar to phosphate (P) uptake but not to silicate (Si) uptake. This suggests that their similar distributions arise from different biogeochemical mechanisms, consistent with other evidence showing that Ni is not incorporated into diatom frustules. We find that Ni:P ratios at uptake do not decrease as Ni concentrations approach 2 nM, which challenges the hypothesis of a ∼2 nM pool of non‐bioavailable Ni in the surface ocean. Finally, we find that the net regeneration of Ni occurs deeper in the ocean than for P, though not as deeply as for Si.
Drivers of Changes to the ENSO–Europe Teleconnection Under Future Warming
Authors: Beverley J. D. , Collins M. , Lambert F. H. , Chadwick R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection to Europe is projected to strengthen under global warming in most climate model simulations. However, given the current difference between recent observations and historical model simulations of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature trends, with models simulating an El Niño‐like warming in recent decades which is in disagreement with observations, it is important to understand the relative contributions of changes to the teleconnection forcing and background state to the overall teleconnection change. Using idealized climate model experiments, we show that both the eastward shift of El Niño precipitation and background state changes make contributions to the overall teleconnection change. These results suggest that the ENSO–Europe teleconnection can be expected to strengthen under global warming, even if ENSO precipitation anomalies do not shift eastwards as currently projected. However, the magnitude of the strengthening may depend on how much of an eastward shift does occur.
Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography Within the Floridan Aquifer System, Santa Fe River‐Sink Rise, Florida, US
Authors: Gochenour Jacob Alexander , Bilek Susan L. , Woo Han Byul , Luhmann Andrew J. , Grapenthin Ronni , Martin Jonathan B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study utilized ambient seismic noise tomography to investigate correlations of hydrogeological systems with heterogeneous porosity with the internal velocity structure of karst aquifers using the Floridan Aquifer System (FAS) as an example. We conducted a seismic signal analysis with 30 days of vertical component seismic data acquired within the Santa Fe River Sink‐Rise system (Sink‐Rise System), using power spectral density estimates and frequency‐wavenumber analysis to identify any noise source biases. Empirical Green's functions were derived through phase cross‐correlations and phase‐weighted stacking. The functions allowed extraction of group velocity dispersion measurements, which were inverted to generate 2D tomographic images at various periods. Tomographic images show multiple layers with varying group velocities that aligned with known hydrogeological features of the FAS, including its base, low‐porosity and low‐permeability dolostone semiconfining units characterized by elevated velocities, and zones of elevated porosity from karstification with reduced seismic velocities. Our results show how ambient seismic noise can be used to evaluate aquifer physical properties, identify unknown features, and identify the location and continuity of aquifer units.
Urban Effect on Precipitation and Deep Convective Systems Over Dallas‐Fort Worth
Authors: Zhou Xin , Letson Fred , Crippa Paola , Pryor Sara C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA range of multi‐year observational data sets are used to characterize the hydroclimate of the Dallas Fort‐Worth area (DFW) and to investigate the impact of urban land cover on daily accumulated precipitation, RADAR composite reflectivity (cREF), and cloud top height (CTH) during the warm season. Analyses of observational data indicate rainfall rates (RR) in a 45° annulus sector 50–100 km downwind of the city are enhanced relative to an upwind area of comparable size. Enhancement of mean precipitation intensity in this annulus sector is not observed on days with spatially averaged RR > 6 mm/day. Under some flow directions, the probability of cREF >30 dBZ, occurrence of hail, and the probability of CTH >10,000 geopotential meters are also enhanced up to 200 km downwind of DFW. Two deep convection events that passed over DFW are simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting model using a range of microphysical schemes and evaluated using RADAR observations. Model configurations that exhibit the highest fidelity in these control simulations are used in a series of perturbation experiments where the areal extent of the city is varied between zero (replacement with grassland) and eight times its current size. These perturbation experiments indicate a non‐linear response of Mesoscale Convective System properties to the urban areal extent and a very strong sensitivity to the microphysical scheme used. The impact on precipitation from the urban area, even when it is expanded to eight‐times the current extent, is much less marked for deep convection with stronger synoptic forcing.