bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: The use of the carbon dioxide laser
Authors: Wright V. Cecil , Riopelle Mary Ann 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis report concerns the experience of an abnormal Pap smear clinic in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The CO2 laser was the primary treatment method in 283 consecutive cases during 1977–1981, which fulfilled the criteria for conservative management. Seven percent of cases were performed in hospital as out‐patients; the remainder were performed in the clinic without anesthesia.The location and shape of the defect was individualized in each case to conform to the topography of the cervix. The basic configuration, however, was the same for all cases: a dome‐shaped defect with a curved apex and straight sides of at least 6 mm in height.Laser surgery was well tolerated; few post‐operative complications arose. The squamocolumnar junction reappeared in each case at the level of the external os, facilitating follow‐up. Eleven cases (3.9%) exhibited persistent disease within 3 months of primary treatment. Thereafter no primary laser failures occurred. Follow‐up in this series ranged from 18 to 36 months.Failure rates for CIN grades are as follows: CIN I, 1.3%; CIN II, 2.0%; CIN III, 7.3%. No case of persistent disease was of greater severity than was originally diagnosed. Ten of the 11 cases were successfully managed with repeat laser surgery, yielding an overall therapeutic success rate of 99.6%. These data indicate that laser surgery is the most efficacious conservative method for eradicating this disease.
Dye laser in ophthalmic diseases
Authors: Wang Kang‐Sun , Wei Yue‐Hua , Zhang Ming‐Heng , Shi Xiang‐He , Shi Hai‐Yun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFrom September 1978 to May 1980, dye lasers have been used in the treatment of 56 cases of eye disease (60 eyes), including among others peripheral retinal breaks, macular breaks, prebreak stage degeneration, congenital iris residual membrane, incomplete surgical iridectomy, secondary glaucoma iris bombé, closed‐angle glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage, periphlebitis retinae, Coats disease, thrombosis of central and branch retinal vein. Most of the results are satisfactory.Dye laser irradiation has the advantage in iridotomy. Only one pulse can perforate the iris and no serious complication has been encountered. There is a definite therapeutic effect in treatment of vitreous hemorrhage by dye laser.
Pressure Effects on Baroplastic Diblock Copolymer Films
Authors: Cho Junhan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe effect of pressure on the phase behavior of diblock copolymer films is studied by using a field‐theoretic simulation based on a RPA approach for compressible polymer mixtures in the spirit of the TDGL formalism. Some selected baroplastic copolymers exhibiting pressure‐induced suppression of ordering are taken as a model system. The simulation provides a precise description of patterns inside the pressurized baroplastic copolymer films and also of residual layering triggered by selective surfaces. In addition, the TDGL character of the simulation gives the dynamic pathway toward lower‐energy states for the given block copolymer films upon pressurization. The suggested field‐theoretic simulation may be of great use for designing pressure‐related baroprocessing of thin copolymer films.magnified image
Molecular mechanisms for anti‐aging by natural dietary compounds
Authors: Pan Min‐Hsiung , Lai Ching‐Shu , Tsai Mei‐Ling , Wu Jia‐Ching , Ho Chi‐Tang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAging is defined as a normal decline in survival with advancing age; however, the recent researches have showed that physiological functions of the body change during the aging process. Majority of the changes are often subject to a higher risk of developing diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, as well as the dysregulated immune and inflammatory disorders. Aging process is controlled by a complicated and precise signaling network that involved in energy homeostasis, cellular metabolism and stress resistance. Over the past few decades, research in natural dietary compounds by various organism and animal models provides a new strategy for anti‐aging. Natural dietary compounds act through a variety mechanisms to extend lifespan and prevent age‐related diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding on signaling pathways of aging and knowledge and underlying mechanism of natural dietary compounds that provide potential application on anti‐aging and improve heath in human.
Local SAR in parallel transmission pulse design
Authors: Lee Joonsung , Gebhardt Matthias , Wald Lawrence L. , Adalsteinsson Elfar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe management of local and global power deposition in human subjects (specific absorption rate, SAR) is a fundamental constraint to the application of parallel transmission (pTx) systems. Even though the pTx and single channel have to meet the same SAR requirements, the complex behavior of the spatial distribution of local SAR for transmission arrays poses problems that are not encountered in conventional single‐channel systems and places additional requirements on pTx radio frequency pulse design. We propose a pTx pulse design method which builds on recent work to capture the spatial distribution of local SAR in numerical tissue models in a compressed parameterization in order to incorporate local SAR constraints within computation times that accommodate pTx pulse design during an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging scan. Additionally, the algorithm yields a protocol‐specific ultimate peak in local SAR, which is shown to bound the achievable peak local SAR for a given excitation profile fidelity. The performance of the approach was demonstrated using a numerical human head model and a 7 Tesla eight‐channel transmit array. The method reduced peak local 10 g SAR by 14–66% for slice‐selective pTx excitations and 2D selective pTx excitations compared to a pTx pulse design constrained only by global SAR. The primary tradeoff incurred for reducing peak local SAR was an increase in global SAR, up to 34% for the evaluated examples, which is favorable in cases where local SAR constraints dominate the pulse applications. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional numerical analysis of injection‐compression molding process
Authors: Ho Jae‐Yun , Park Jang Min , Kang Tae Gon , Park Seong Jin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractInjection‐compression molding (ICM) process, combining conventional injection molding (CIM) process with compression molding, has been widely used in the manufacturing of optical media and optical lenses. Most of previous numerical studies regarding ICM process employ the Hele‐Shaw approximation, which is appropriate for thin cavity geometry only. This work presents a three‐dimensional numerical analysis system using a stabilized finite element method (FEM) and an arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) method for more rigorous modeling and simulation of ICM process of three‐dimensional geometry. The developed system is verified by comparing the results with existing experimental data as well as simulation data obtained from commercial software. Then, the system is adopted for simulations of ICM process of an optical lens, which is a practical example of three‐dimensional geometry. According to the simulation results, three‐dimensional flow characteristics are found to be significant especially during compression stage because of the squeezing nature of the flow. The results are then compared with those of CIM process, showing that ICM process results in reduced and more uniform distributions of the generalized shear rate and shear stress of the final part. Basic parametric studies are also carried out to understand effects of processing conditions, such as compression velocity and compression gap. POLYM. ENG. SCI.,2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
On the role of non‐doped ZnO in CIGSe solar cells
Authors: Scheer R. , Messmann‐Vera L. , Klenk R. , Schock H.‐W. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWe investigate the role of the non‐doped i‐ZnO layer in thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. A large number of laboratory scale module cells with different non‐doped ZnO thicknesses are inspected by JV analysis, lock‐in thermography and optical spectroscopy. We find that the role of the i‐ZnO layer in our samples is to reduce the impact of randomly occurring electrical shunt paths in the devices. Accordingly, the i‐ZnO layer leads to a somewhat smaller spread of device parameters. In the case of absent shunt paths, the device parameters of cells and modules without i‐ZnO are similar to those with a thin i‐ZnO layer. An effect of i‐ZnO on the Voc is not systematically observed. However, for larger i‐ZnO thickness, Jsc is systematically reduced, which is identified as due to optical absorption in the i‐ZnO layer. We further find by high‐resolution lock‐in thermography that the junction homogeneity is not affected by the i‐ZnO layer. Only the non‐linear reverse bias current reduces with increasing i‐ZnO thickness—an effect that appears to be independent from the saturation current density. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced efficiency of phenothiazine derivative organic dye‐sensitized ionic liquid solar cells on aging
Authors: Xie Zhi Bin , Midya Anupam , Loh Kian Ping , Blackwood Daniel J. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWe have used electrochemical impedance to investigate the improvement in photovoltaic performance in aging of ionic liquid dye‐sensitized solar cells using a high‐absorption coefficient organic dye (2E)‐2‐cyano‐3‐(5‐(5‐((E)‐2‐(10‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐10H‐phenothiazin‐7‐yl)vinyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)acrylic acid, which is in contrast to N719‐based devices. It was found that the enhancement is due to reduced recombination of the photoexcited electrons. The decreased recombination plausibly originates from molecular re‐orientation along with cation adsorption, with Fourier transform infrared spectra lending support to the former mechanism. After aging, the photovoltaic device using the organic dye outperforms the counterpart by the ruthenium complex dye and achieves an impressive efficiency of 5.6% under AM 1.5 100 mW/cm2 illumination. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traumatic stress in acute leukemia
Authors: Rodin Gary , Yuen Dora , Mischitelle Ashley , Minden Mark D , Brandwein Joseph , Schimmer Aaron , Marmar Charles , Gagliese Lucia , Lo Christopher , Rydall Anne , Zimmermann Camilla 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveAcute leukemia is a condition with an acute onset that is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. However, the psychological impact of this life‐threatening condition and its intensive treatment has not been systematically examined. In the present study, we investigate the prevalence and correlates of post‐traumatic stress symptoms in this population.MethodsPatients with acute myeloid, lymphocytic, and promyelocytic leukemia who were newly diagnosed, recently relapsed, or treatment failures were recruited at a comprehensive cancer center in Toronto, Canada. Participants completed the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, CARES Medical Interaction Subscale, and other psychosocial measures. A multivariate regression analysis was used to assess independent predictors of post‐traumatic stress symptoms.ResultsOf the 205 participants, 58% were male, mean age was 50.1 ± 15.4 years, 86% were recently diagnosed, and 94% were receiving active treatment. The mean Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire score was 30.2 ± 22.5, with 27 of 200 (14%) patients meeting criteria for acute stress disorder and 36 (18%) for subsyndromal acute stress disorder. Post‐traumatic stress symptoms were associated with more physical symptoms, physical symptom distress, attachment anxiety, and perceived difficulty communicating with health‐care providers, and poorer spiritual well‐being (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that clinically significant symptoms of traumatic stress are common in acute leukemia and are linked to the degree of physical suffering, to satisfaction with relationships with health‐care providers, and with individual psychological characteristics. Longitudinal study is needed to determine the natural history, but these findings suggest that intervention may be indicated to alleviate or prevent traumatic stress in this population. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ticagrelor: novel antithrombotic for acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Storey Robert F 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTicagrelor (Brilique) is an oral, reversible platelet inhibitor licensed to prevent atherothrombotic events in acute coronary syndromes. In our New products review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events and Professor Storey discusses its place in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Sparse channel estimation and tracking for cyclic delay diversity orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems
Authors: Hou Weikun , Wang Xianbin 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIn cyclic delay diversity orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems, the excessive channel delay spread and corresponding high frequency selectivity makes channel estimation a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a two‐stage scheme to estimate and track the highly frequency selective channel. At the preamble reception stage, least squares channel estimation with L0 norm regularization is proposed to exploit the channel sparsity. At the data demodulation stage, an expectation–maximization algorithm with the most significant tap selection is developed to track channel variations by using the channel order obtained from the first stage. Compared with other estimation methods, the proposed scheme requires no prerequisite knowledge of delay parameter settings, which leads to more flexibility. Furthermore, the scheme can exploit the channel sparse structure by detecting the nonzero taps and, consequently, has better mean squared error performance. Simulation results show that the proposed estimation scheme can retain the provided diversity gain of cyclic delay diversity effectively in time‐varying fading channels. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Oxidation of ReCl5 with Oleum: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Re2O4Cl4(SO4)
Authors: Betke Ulf , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reaction of ReCl5 and fuming sulfuric acid (25 % SO3) in a sealed glass tube at 200 °C led to red, needle shaped single crystals of Re2O4Cl4(SO4) (monoclinic, C2/c, a = 1501.8(2) pm, b = 1545.9(2) pm, c = 945.18(8) pm, β = 98.761(9)°, Z = 8). In the crystal structure the [ReO2] moieties are linked by [SO4]2– tetrahedra to chains along the [101] direction. Each sulfate ion connects four rhenium atoms, additional two chloride ions complete the octahedral coordination sphere of each rhenium atom according to $\rm^1_\infty$[ReO2/1Cl2/1(SO4)2/4].
An Improved Method for the Preparation of Energetic Aminotetrazolium Salts
Authors: Wang Jie‐Ping , Yi Wen‐Bin , Cai Chun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA straightforward way for the preparation of the energetic 5‐aminotetrazolium and 1, 5‐diaminotetrazolium salts is reported. The energetic salts were readily synthesized by the reaction of 5‐aminotetrazolium nitrate or 1, 5‐diaminotetrazolium nitrate with ammonium 5‐nitroiminotetrazolate, ammonium 1‐methyl‐5‐nitroiminotetrazolate, bis(ammonium) ethylene bis(5‐nitroiminotetrazolate), and diammonium iminobis(5‐tetrazolate), respectively, in water under mild conditions. All products were recovered as highly crystalline materials in excellent yields and purities, and were fully characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, DSC measurements as well as elemental analyses.
Dexamethasone for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy: Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Chia‐Che , Siddiqui Fahad Javaid , Chen Ta‐Liang , Chan Edwin Shih‐Yen , Tam Ka‐Wai 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication after thyroidectomy. Steroids effectively reduce nausea, pain, and inflammation; therefore, preoperative administration of steroids ought to improve these surgical outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared preoperative single‐dose administration of dexamethasone with no dexamethasone in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. The primary outcome was occurrence of PONV within 24 h, and the secondary outcomes were pain, use of analgesics, and steroid‐related complications.ResultsFive RCTs were included with a total of 497 patients. A statistically and clinically significant difference in the incidence of PONV was found in favor of dexamethasone [relative risk (RR) 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.49). The visual analog pain score was significantly diminished (weighted mean difference, WMD)–1.50; 95% CI–2.54 to –0.46) at 24 h. The incidence of analgesics use was also reduced (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.41–0.90) in the dexamethasone group. No steroid‐related complications were noted.ConclusionsA single preoperative administration of dexamethasone reduced the incidence of PONV and analgesic requirements in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Prophylactic use of steroids for patients undergoing thyroidectomy is safe and should be considered for routine clinical practice.
Special issue introduction Water: What values?
Authors: Euzen Agathe , Morehouse Barbara 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The notion that water is an essential resource is now universally accepted and the concept will continue to play an important role in the years to come. But what kind of water are we considering and what values should be attributed to it in function of its origin, its quality and the needs of the person or people who are talking about it? The aim of this paper is to examine different kinds of water, from river water to tap water, rainwater to recycled water, and to analyse the value or values attached to each kind of water in terms of the function of the type of usage attributed to it in various spatio-temporal contexts.
On-farm yield potential of local seed watermelon landraces under heat- and drought-prone conditions in Mali
Authors: NANTOUMÉ A. D. , CHRISTIANSEN J. L. , ANDERSEN S. B. , JENSEN B. D. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYOn-farm yield experiments were carried out in the Tombouctou region of Mali in 2009/10 under heat- and drought-prone desert conditions with three local landraces of seed-type watermelons. The landraces, named Fombou, Kaneye and Musa Musa by the farmers, exhibited distinct characteristics for fruit morphology, but in particular for seed traits. On average, the three landraces produced a fruit yield of 11·6 t/ha and an estimated seed yield of 364 kg/ha, with no significant differences among landraces. Kaneye showed the highest stability of fruit number/ha in different field environments, suggesting this landrace is the best among the three for a poor growing environment, whereas Fombou and especially Musa Musa responded positively to more favourable environments. Seed weight revealed a different trend, with Fombou as the most responsive to favourable conditions, while Kaneye and Musa Musa were less responsive. The yields obtained suggest that these local landraces of watermelon are valuable plant genetic resources for securing food supply in arid, heat- and drought-prone areas.
An assessment of the use of drug and non-drug interventions in the treatment ofIchthyophthirius multifiliisFouquet, 1876, a protozoan parasite of freshwater fish
Authors: PICÓN-CAMACHO S. M. , MARCOS-LOPEZ M. , BRON J. E. , SHINN A. P. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYInfection by the ciliate protozoanIchthyophthirius multifiliisFouquet, 1876 causes significant economic losses in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. Following the ban on the use of malachite green for treating food fish, there has been extensive research aimed at identifying suitable replacements. In this paper we critically assess drug and non-drug interventions, which have been tested for use or have been employed against this parasite and evaluate possibilities for their application in farm systems. Current treatments include the administration of formaldehyde, sodium chloride (salt), copper sulphate and potassium permanganate. However, purportedly more environmentally friendly drugs such as humic acid, potassium ferrate (VI), bronopol and the peracetic acid-based products have recently been tested and represent promising alternatives. Further investigation, is required to optimize the treatments and to establish precise protocols in order to minimize the quantity of drug employed whilst ensuring the most efficacious performance. At the same time, there needs to be a greater emphasis placed on the non-drug aspects of management strategies, including the use of non-chemical interventions focusing on the removal of free-swimming stages and tomocysts ofI. multifiliisfrom farm culture systems. Use of such strategies provides the hope of more environmentally friendly alternatives for the control ofI. multifiliisinfections.
How the lifecycle hypothesis explains volunteering during retirement
Authors: SHERMAN ARIE , SHAVIT TAL 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWe suggest two supplements to Franco Modigliani's lifecycle model in order to explain why people who have retired from paid work choose either to start volunteering or increase the amount of time they devote to volunteer work. First, total consumption consists of both the material and immaterial products of work. While people can save their income in order to maintain an even level of material consumption, they unable to save a portion of the immaterial product. Second, at the statutory retirement age people retire only from paid work. We argue that older people substitute paid work for volunteering due to their inherent need to maintain immaterial consumption during retirement.
IV.—Excavations in an Anglo-Saxon Burial Ground at Mitcham, Surrey.
Authors: Bidder Harold F. , Duckworth W.L.H. 
Published: November 2011

It is proposed in this paper to give some account of a burial ground of the early Anglo-Saxon period at Mitcham, at present partially excavated.The finds of Anglo-Saxon remains in Surrey have so far been few, and the accounts of them meagre. Of those recorded the cemetery opened at Oroydon during some road excavations in 1895 is the most important. It may be noted that Croydon is at the head of a branch of the Wandle, which river flows close to the Mitcham ground. There are some points of resemblance between the finds on these two sites, although the burnt remains discovered at Croydon have no counterpart at Mitcham.
XV.—Notes on the later history of the Steelyard in London
Authors: Norman Philip 
Published: November 2011

The following paper is perhaps more historical than is now customary with us, but I venture to quote in my defence the second paragraph of our charter, which commends not only the study of “Antiquity” but of the “History of former times.”The paper chiefly describes the later connexion of the Germans with the Steelyard in London, that is from 1598, when they were turned out for a time by Queen Elizabeth, supplementing Dr. J. M. Lappenberg's book on the Hanseatic settlement here, published at Hamburg in 1851, which we have in our library. Incidentally I have written a note on the carved screen of All Hallows the Great, the parish church of the Steelyard.