bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiband antenna array for WLAN/WiMAX applications
Authors: Lou Xi‐Zhong , Li Jiu‐Sheng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this article, we proposed an antenna array with multiband for wireless local area network (WLAN)/WiMAX applications. The operating frequency band of the antenna covers the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN (2400–2484/5150–5350/5725–5875 MHz), and the 2.5/3.5/4.3/5.5 GHz/7.5 GHz WiMAX (2500–2690/3300–3800/4300–4990/5250–5850/6720–7790 MHz). This antenna has advantage of its simple configuration, low profile, compactness, and low fabrication cost. Microwave experiments and numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate its functionalities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:664–667, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26598
Low cost and compact directional coupler for ultrawideband applications
Authors: Zaidel Dyg N. A. , Rahim Sharul K. A. , Seman Norhudah , Rahman Tharek A. , Abdulrahman A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA design of a compact size (35 × 15 mm2) 3‐dB coupler with ultrawideband (UWB) characteristic is demonstrated in this article. The proposed design is accomplished by forming two diamond‐shaped microstrip lines that are broadside coupled by a slot at the middle ground plane. The dimension of the design was initialized using a simple mathematical formula and optimized using the CST microwave studio simulator. The design coupler is fabricated and measured. It shows comparable results of the simulation and measurement for the phase difference between two output ports, return loss, isolation, and 3‐dB coupling over an UWB frequency range between 4 and 8.34 GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:670–674, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26616
A compact broadband ridged‐square‐waveguide radiating element for phased array antennas in synthetic aperture radar applications
Authors: Gao Wen‐Jun , Jiao Jun‐Jun , Han Yun‐Zhong , Deng Yun‐Kai , Xiong Yong‐Hu , Liu Xiao‐Meng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFor broadband synthetic aperture radar applications, a compact broadband horn array antenna is investigated.Ridged waveguide and square horn are used for broadband operating, and the size of the array element is much smaller than the traditional horn. The measured operating frequencies covered all X‐band, more than 40% at centered frequency about 10 GHz. A 4 × 8 array was tested, and the measured results showed that the scan angle can be more than 15°, and the side lobe levels are −12 dB. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:829–833, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26634
Defining achievable standards in urodynamics—a prospective study of initial resting pressures
Authors: Sullivan Jonathan G. , Swithinbank Lucy , Abrams Paul 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAimsEstablishing accurate initial resting pressures is an important step in quality control at the start of a urodynamics test. We therefore carried out a prospective study to establish the initial resting pressures achievable with careful quality control.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing urodynamics were recruited. Initial resting pressures were recorded in lying, sitting, and standing positions for each patient. The detrusor pressure values obtained before filling were then compared with the pressures obtained during filling.ResultsInitial resting abdominal and intravesical pressures were similar and at least 95% lay in the following ranges: lying 0–18 cmH2O, sitting 15–40 cmH2O, standing 20–50 cmH2O: these data gave initial resting detrusor pressure readings between −5 and +5 cmH2O in 97%, 97%, and 96%, respectively. Comparison of initial resting pressure readings with those obtained during filling showed that the narrow range of pressures was maintained during the urodynamic test.ConclusionsThis study provides detailed prospective data on achievable initial resting pressures in urodynamics. In this study, pdet was normally at or close to zero, and distributed more or less evenly either side. This suggests a range that differs from existing ICS GUP guidelines, and could be incorporated in future ICS guidelines. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:535–540, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular beam epitaxy of GaN1–xBix alloys with high bismuth content
Authors: Novikov S. V. , Yu K. M. , Levander A. X. , Liliental‐Weber Z. , dos Reis R. , Kent A. J. , Tseng A. , Dubon O. D. , Wu J. , Denlinger J. , Walukiewicz W. , Luckert F. , Edwards P. R. , Martin R. W. , Foxon C. T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe have analysed bismuth incorporation into GaN layers using plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA‐MBE) at extremely low growth temperatures of less than ∼100 °C under both Ga‐rich and N‐rich growth conditions. The formation of amorphous GaN1−xBix alloys is promoted by growth under Ga‐rich conditions. The amorphous matrix has a short‐range order resembling random crystalline GaN1−xBix alloys. We have observed the formation of small crystalline clusters embedded into amorphous GaN1−xBix alloys. Despite the fact that the films are pseudo‐amorphous we observe a well defined optical absorption edges that rapidly shift to very low energy of ∼1 eV.
Electron transport properties in Al0.25Ga0.75N/AlN/GaN heterostructures with different InGaN back barrier layers and GaN channel thicknesses grown by MOCVD
Authors: Kelekçi Özgür , Taşlı Pınar T. , Yu HongBo , Kasap Mehmet , Özçelik Süleyman , Özbay Ekmel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe electron transport properties in Al0.25Ga0.75N/AlN/GaN/InxGa1−xN/GaN double heterostructures with various indium compositions and GaN channel thicknesses were investigated. Samples were grown on c‐plane sapphire substrates by MOCVD and evaluated using variable temperature Hall effect measurements. In order to understand the observed transport properties, various scattering mechanisms, such as acoustic phonon, optical phonon, interface roughness, background impurity, and alloy disorder, were included in the theoretical model that was applied to the temperature‐dependent mobility data. It was found that low temperature (T < 160 K) mobility is limited only by the interface roughness scattering mechanism, while at high temperatures (T > 160 K), optical phonon scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism for AlGaN/AlN/GaN/InGaN/GaN heterostructures. The higher mobility of the structures with InGaN back barriers was attributed to the large conduction band discontinuity obtained at the channel/buffer interface, which leads to better electron confinement.
Effect of coalescence layer thickness on the properties of thin‐chip InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes with embedded photonic quasi‐crystal structures
Authors: Shields Philip A. , Charlton Martin D. B. , Lewins Christopher J. , Gao Xiang , Allsopp Duncan W. E. , Wang Wang N. , Humphreys Bedwyr 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe simulation, fabrication and optical characterization of InGaN/GaN MQW‐LEDs grown by MOVPE over embedded photonic quasi‐crystals (PQCs) are reported. Fully coalesced GaN layers as thin as 140 nm were grown over 1200 nm high air‐gap PQCs using an intermittent pulsed/normal growth method. Simulations and angle‐resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal there are strong interactions between the embedded PQC and a wide range of trapped modes as well as the dominant low order mode. The interaction with a dominant low order mode is most pronounced when the LED cavity above the embedded PQC has fewer guided modes. magnified image
1200 nm high embedded air‐gap PQC overgrown with a 280 nm thick coalesced GaN epitaxial layer by MOVPE.
Quality of ultrasound biometry obtained by local health workers in a refugee camp on the Thai–Burmese border
Authors: Rijken M. J. , Mulder E. J. H. , Papageorghiou A. T. , Thiptharakun S. , Wah N. , Paw T. K. , Dwell S. L. M. , Visser G. H. A. , Nosten F. H. , McGready R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveIn a refugee camp on the Thai–Burmese border, accurate dating of pregnancy relies on ultrasound measurements obtained by locally trained health workers. The aim of this study was to substantiate the accuracy of fetal biometry measurements performed by locally trained health workers by comparing derived reference equations with those published for Asian and European hospitals.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 1090 women who had a dating crown–rump length (CRL) scan and one study‐appointed ultrasound biometry scan between 16 and 40 weeks of gestation. The average of two measurements of each of biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length was used in a polynomial regression model for the mean and SD against gestational age (GA). The biometry equations obtained were compared with published equations of professional sonographers from Asian and European hospitals by evaluation of the SD and Z‐scores of differences between models.ResultsReference equations of biometric parameters were found to fit cubic polynomial models. The observed SD values, for any given GA, of fetal biometric measurements obtained by locally trained health workers were lower than those previously reported by centers with professional sonographers. For nearly the entire GA range considered, the mean values of the Asian and European equations for all four biometric measurements were within the 90% expected range (mean ± 1.645 SD) of our equations.ConclusionLocally trained health workers in a refugee camp on the Thai–Burmese border can obtain measurements that are associated with low SD values and within the normal limits of published Asian and European equations. The fact that the SD values were lower than in other studies may be explained by the use of the average of two measurements, CRL dating or motivation of the locally trained sonographers. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and S‐1 after surgical resection for advanced biliary carcinoma: outcomes and prognostic factors
Authors: Murakami Yoshiaki , Uemura Kenichiro , Sudo Takeshi , Hashimoto Yasushi , Nakashima Akira , Sakabe Ryutaro , Kobayashi Hironori , Kondo Naru , Nakagawa Naoya , Sueda Taijiro 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe aims of this study were to evaluate long‐term outcomes and to determine prognostic factors for survival in patients with resected biliary carcinoma who received adjuvant gemcitabine plus S‐1 chemotherapy.MethodsSeventy patients with International Union Against Cancer (UICC) stage II, III, or IV biliary carcinoma received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of intravenous gemcitabine 700 mg/m2 on day 1 and oral S‐1 60—100 mg/body for seven consecutive days, followed by a 1‐week pause of chemotherapy. Patients received up to ten 2‐week cycles. Long‐term outcomes and predictors of survival with this adjuvant chemotherapy regimen were analyzed.ResultsThe median duration of follow‐up was 47 months. Fifty‐six percent of patients had node‐positive disease, and 80% of patients underwent R0 resection. Overall and disease‐free survival rates were 91 and 81% at 1 year, 56 and 55% at 3 years, and 40 and 46% at 5 years, respectively. Lymph node status (p = 0.025) and surgical margin status (p = 0.033) were independently associated with long‐term survival by multivariate analysis.ConclusionsAdjuvant gemcitabine plus S‐1 chemotherapy may be a promising strategy for patients with resected biliary carcinoma, and nodal status and surgical margin status may be predictors of survival with this treatment strategy.
DNA Detection by Conventional and Real‐Time PCR After Extraction from Vegetable Oils
Authors: Debode Frédéric , Janssen Eric , Marien Aline , Berben Gilbert 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDNA was searched for in samples of 11 different types of vegetable oil at different stages of the oil refining process. Samples of oil from soybean, rapeseed, maize and flax were taken at different stages of oil production. DNA was extracted and analysis performed by PCR and real‐time PCR with TaqMan probes. Targets with low and high cellular copy numbers were used for PCR. Results showed that it is possible to recover DNA even in refined oil at least for high copy DNA targets. A loss of extracted DNA was also observed in parallel with the advancement of the refining process. High cellular copy number targets gave better results than low cellular copy number targets.
Vertical distribution and gas bladder inflation/deflation in postlarval anchoveta Engraulis ringens during upwelling events
Authors: Landaeta Mauricio F. , Castro Leonardo R. 
Published: January 2012

Vertical distribution of fish larvae can be modified by a series of physical processes occurring in the water column at different time and spatial scales and also by biological processes occurring during larval development. To assess the factors affecting the vertical distribution of larval anchoveta Engraulis ringens during austral spring, meteorological and oceanographic features were measured and stratified ichthyoplankton sampling was carried out in central Chile during active upwelling events. In November 2001, during the upwelling season, southerly winds dominate, and intrusion of low dissolved oxygen occurred in nearshore waters; preflexion larvae of E. ringens were collected in the mixed layer of the water column (the Ekman layer) irrespective of day and night hours. Larvae larger than 10 mm showed an inflated gas bladder during night collections, and non-inflated gas bladder during day hours. Larvae with inflated gas bladders were located significantly at shallower depths during night than at day hours, indicating a direct relationship between gas bladder inflation, diel vertical migration of larval E. ringens and decrease of wind-induced turbulence at night. We discuss the potential implications of larval E. ringens vertical distribution and its variability on the horizontal transport off coastal waters during the upwelling season off central Chile as a biophysical coupling to enhance coastal retention.
Population structure and reproduction of the seagrass shrimp Hippolyte zostericola (Decapoda: Hippolytidae) at Laguna de Términos, Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Romero-Rodríguez J. , Román-Contreras R. 
Published: January 2012

The aim of this paper is to describe the population structure and some reproductive aspects of Hippolyte zostericola during an annual cycle. Samples were taken bimonthly, from June 2009 to April 2010, with a Colman–Seagrove sledge net on seagrass meadows located in the internal margin of Isla del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico. The population structure of H. zostericola was similar throughout the cycle analysed. The males, significantly smaller than females (0.57–1.8 and 0.55–3.52 mm carapace length (CL), respectively), were more frequent between 0.8 and 1.54 mm CL, whereas in larger size-classes (1.8–3.52 mm CL) only females were registered, ovigerous principally. The sex-ratio was always in favour of males, mean of 1.3 males per female. Size at maturity (CL50) was 2.28 ± 0.1 mm CL. Based on the presence of ovigerous females throughout the year it is considered that the reproduction of H. zostericola is continuous. The main breeding season and recruitment occurs during the first third of the year. The mean fecundity of the species was 144 ± 69 eggs and varies with female size. The higher egg loss occurred in larger females (37.3%) and the relationship between fecundity and female size was estimated as negative allometric, which suggests that age influences the fecundity of the species.
Interpretation of pH, Acidity, and Alkalinity in Aquaculture and Fisheries
Authors: Boyd Claude E , Tucker Craig S , Viriyatum Rawee 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Measurements of pH, acidity, and alkalinity are commonly used to describe water quality. The three variables are interrelated and can sometimes be confused. The pH of water is an intensity factor, while the acidity and alkalinity of water are capacity factors. More precisely, acidity and alkalinity are defined as a water's capacity to neutralize strong bases or acids, respectively. The term “acidic” for pH values below 7 does not imply that the water has no alkalinity; likewise, the term “alkaline” for pH values above 7 does not imply that the water has no acidity. Water with a pH value between 4.5 and 8.3 has both total acidity and total alkalinity. The definition of pH, which is based on logarithmic transformation of the hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]), has caused considerable disagreement regarding the appropriate method of describing average pH. The opinion that pH values must be transformed to [H+] values before averaging appears to be based on the concept of mixing solutions of different pH. In practice, however, the averaging of [H+] values will not provide the correct average pH because buffers present in natural waters have a greater effect on final pH than does dilution alone. For nearly all uses of pH in fisheries and aquaculture, pH values may be averaged directly. When pH data sets are transformed to [H+] to estimate average pH, extreme pH values will distort the average pH. Values of pH conform more closely to a normal distribution than do values of [H+], making the pH values more acceptable for use in statistical analysis. Moreover, electrochemical measurements of pH and many biological responses to [H+] are described by the Nernst equation, which states that the measured or observed response is linearly related to 10-fold changes in [H+]. Based on these considerations, pH rather than [H+] is usually the most appropriate variable for use in statistical analysis.
Transitioning Coho Salmon Broodstock to a Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)-Rich Diet during Vitellogenesis: Effects on Egg Composition and Embryo and Fry Quality
Authors: Johnson Ronald B , Kroeger Eric L , Carter Cameron S , Reichert William L , Rust Michael B 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Female coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were fed one of two broodstock diets during vitellogenesis to evaluate the contribution of dietary lipids to egg lipids and to assess any embryo or fry quality differences that were attributable to treatment. The diets contained lipids with different fatty acid profiles and carbon stable isotope signatures (δ13C). Diets were formulated by top-dressing a low-fat salmon broodstock feed with either sardine oil (fish oil feed) or an algal oil–corn oil blend (algal oil feed). The added oils were balanced for total n-3 fatty acid content but contained markedly different levels of linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Analysis of δ13C revealed that dietary lipids were significantly incorporated into egg lipids during vitellogenesis and that polar and neutral lipid fractions were equally affected. Eggs of fish in the algal oil treatment group had significantly higher levels of DHA and significantly lower protein content than the eggs of fish in the fish oil treatment group. Embryo survival and fry survival and growth were similar between the two treatment groups. Eggs from the algal oil treatment additionally had higher levels of LA, and there was evidence of direct elongation of LA to eicosadienoic acid (20:2[n-6]) and bioconversion of LA to arachidonic acid by the fish. Results from this experiment demonstrate the feasibility of increasing the DHA content of egg lipids in cultured salmonids without a concomitant decrease in egg or fry quality. The proposed enrichment would allow for the production of a value-added, high-DHA product for the cured roe market without reducing the value of eggs that are destined for the hatchery market.
The Critical Thermal Maximum of Juvenile Red Drum Reared for Out-of-Season Stocking in Texas
Authors: McDonald Dusty L , Cason Paul D , Bumguardner Britt W 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Hatchery-propagated red drum Sciaenops ocellatus are released by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) during the spring, summer, and fall to supplement natural stocks. Reported success of red drum stocked out of season in summer has been low or nonexistent; several potential causes, including mortality due to high temperatures, have been suggested. The present study was devised to determine the critical thermal maximum (CTM) of pond-raised juvenile red drum that had previously been exposed to diurnal temperatures of the summer season. Laboratory studies designed to mimic the rate of temperature increase (0.25°C per hour) typical of TPWD rearing ponds were used to examine rates of mortality in juvenile red drum that were collected from three separate ponds exposed to the ambient fluctuating temperatures of the summer season. The CTM (temperature that was lethal to 50% of the test fish [LT50]) was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.0001) for two of the fish trials (LT50 = 37.1°C and 37.0°C) than for a third trial (LT50 = 38.7°C). This difference correlated with the size of fish in each trial; the two trials with smaller-sized fish (range = 18–32 mm total length) had the lower CTMs, whereas the trial with larger-sized fish (range = 31–50 mm total length) had the higher CTM, suggesting positive size dependence in the CTM. The CTMs obtained here are higher than the maximum temperatures encountered in grow-out ponds during summer, indicating that high temperature exposure may not be the sole cause for the low success of red drum stocked out of season.
Growth Performance, Tissue Fatty Acid Composition, and Consumer Appeal of Rainbow Trout Reared on Feeds Containing Terrestrially Derived Rendered Fats
Authors: Trushenski Jesse , Rosenquist Justin , Gause Brian 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
We evaluated the growth, fillet fatty acid composition and consumer appeal of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss raised on feeds containing fish oil or blends of fish oil and terrestrially derived rendered fats. The fish (128 ± 2 g, mean ± SE) were stocked in a recirculation system (eight fish/tank) and fed a fish-oil-based feed or feeds containing 50/50 blends of fish oil and beef tallow, pork lard, poultry fat, or restaurant grease exclusively (18 weeks) or in combination with a finishing feed (10 weeks grow out + 8 weeks finishing). Survival (94 ± 2%, mean ± SE), weight gain (384 ± 11%), specific growth rate (1.14 ± 0.02% body weight/d), feed conversion ratio (1.57 ± 0.03), cumulative individual consumption (755 ± 13 g), and feed intake (1.97 ± 0.03% body weight/d) were equivalent among the feeding regimens. The fillet fatty acid composition changed during grow out to more closely resemble the composition of the rendered-fat-based feeds, but at harvest the fillets were quite similar across all regimens. The results of the taste test showed that participants were able to correctly identify differences between the fillets of fish fed the experimental feeds and those fed the fish-oil-based feed exclusively in only 36% of comparisons, and the participants showed no obvious preference for fillets from any regimen. Beef tallow, pork lard, poultry fat, and restaurant grease may be used to spare fish oil in diets for rainbow trout without grossly impacting production performance or the sensory or nutritional quality of the resultant fillets. Finishing with a fish-oil-based feed may correct minor differences in fillet fatty acid composition; however, finishing may not be necessary to achieve a desirable fillet profile. Significant cost savings may be realized through implementation of rendered fats as fish oil alternatives in rainbow trout feeds.