bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative anatomy and osteohistology of hyperelongate neural spines in the sphenacodontids Sphenacodon and Dimetrodon (Amniota: Synapsida)
Authors: Huttenlocker Adam K. , Rega Elizabeth , Sumida Stuart S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOsteohistological investigations of hyperelongate vertebral spinous processes (neural spines) are presented to elucidate previously unknown aspects of dorsal sail form and function in two, closely related genera of “sail‐backed” synapsids: Sphenacodon and Dimetrodon. Although recent and classic surveys of bone histology in extinct vertebrates have sampled the genus Dimetrodon, new sectioning of Sphenacodon material allows a comparative analysis of these structures among Sphenacodontidae for the first time. Variability within the histological organization of the neural spine is assessed by examining multiple regions along its length, and implications for soft tissue correlates, growth and mechanics are considered here. Both genera exhibit extensive parallel‐fibered and fibrolamellar bone, in addition to lamellar bone. Several features vary along the length of the spine in each species. Muscle scars and extensive Sharpey's fibers are present at the base of the spine; no scars and fewer fibers are manifested ∼55–60 mm above the zygapophyses in mature individuals. The distal cortex of the spine does not exhibit greater vascularity than the proximal region in either genus. However, both genera manifest distinct vascular grooves of variable size along the distal periosteal surface, some of which become incorporated into the distal cortex. The observed histovariability appears to record the transition from the proximal (epaxial muscle embedded) to the distally protruding portion of the spine. These observations and independent pathological evidence support the existence of a short dorsal crest in Sphenacodon and possibly other basal sphenacodontids. Although the thermoregulatory capacity of such a crest remains uncertain, developmental and mechanical features are readily interpretable and are discussed with respect to the origins and early evolution of the dorsal sail in sphenacodontid synapsids. J.Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A mechano‐regulation model of fracture repair in vertebral bodies
Authors: Boccaccio Antonio , Kelly Daniel J. , Pappalettere Carmine 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this study a multi‐scale mechano‐regulation model was developed in order to investigate the mechanobiology of trabecular fracture healing in vertebral bodies. A macro‐scale finite element model of the spinal segment L3–L4–L5, including a mild wedge fracture in the body of the L4 vertebra, was used to determine the boundary conditions acting on a micro‐scale finite element model simulating a portion of fractured trabecular bone. The micro‐scale model, in turn, was utilized to predict the local patterns of tissue differentiation within the fracture gap and then how the equivalent mechanical properties of the macro‐scale model change with time. The patterns of tissue differentiation predicted by the model appeared consistent with those observed in vivo. Bone formation occurred primarily through endochondral ossification. New woven bone was predicted to occupy the majority of the space within the fracture site approximately 7–8 weeks after the fracture event. Remodeling of cancellous bone architecture was then predicted, with complete new trabeculae forming due to bridging of the microcallus between the remnant trabeculae. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:433–443, 2011
Activation of MKK3/6, SAPK, and ATF‐2/c‐jun in ACL fibroblasts grown in 3 dimension collagen gels in response to application of cyclic strain
Authors: Wright Vonda , Attia Erik , Bohnert Krista , Brown Haydee , Bhargava Madhu , Hannafin Jo A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSignal transduction pathways involved in response to cyclic tensile strain and strain deprivation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fibroblasts grown in 3D collagen gels were investigated. Application of cyclic tensile strain resulted in significant activation (phosphorylation) of MKK3/6, SAPK and their downstream target transcription factors, ATF‐2 and c‐jun, while strain deprivation resulted in a decrease in these kinases and transcription factors. These data suggest that ACL fibroblasts cultured in 3D collagen gels respond to the mechanical environment and provide a useful system for determination of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of proliferation and matrix turnover by mechanical load. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:397–402, 2011
Pamidronate, farnesyl transferase, and geranylgeranyl transferase‐I inhibitors affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, and OPG/RANKL mRNA expression in stromal cells of giant cell tumor of bone
Authors: Lau Carol P.Y. , Huang Lin , Tsui Stephen K.W. , Ng Patrick K.S. , Leung Pui‐Yin. , Kumta Shekhar M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGiant cell tumor (GCT) is the most common nonmalignant primary bone tumor reported in Hong Kong. It usually affects young adults between the ages of 20 and 40. This tumor is well known for its potential to recur following treatment. To date no effective adjuvant therapy exists for GCT. Our project aimed to study the effects of pamidronate (PAM), farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI‐277), geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor (GGTI‐298), and their combinations on GCT stromal cells (SC). Individual treatment with PAM, FTI‐277, and GGTI‐298, inhibited the cell viability and proliferation of GCT SC in a dose‐dependent way. Combination of FTI‐277 with GGTI‐298 caused synergistic effects in reducing cell viability, and its combination index was 0.49, indicating a strong synergism. Moreover, the combination of FTI‐277 with GGTI‐298 synergistically enhanced cell apoptosis and activated caspase‐3/7, ‐8, and ‐9 activities. PAM induced cell‐cycle arrest at the S‐phase. The combination of PAM with GGTI‐298 significantly increased OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio and activated caspase‐3/7 activity. Our findings support that the combination of bisphosphonates with GGTIs or FTIs with GGTIs may be used as potential adjuvants in the treatment of GCT of bone. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:403–413, 2011
Organ‐level histological and biomechanical responses from localized osteoarticular injury in the rabbit knee
Authors: Vaseenon Tanawat , Tochigi Yuki , Heiner Anneliese D. , Goetz Jessica E. , Baer Thomas E. , Fredericks Douglas C. , Martin James A. , Rudert M. James , Hillis Stephen L. , Brown Thomas D. , McKinley Todd O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe processes of whole‐joint osteoarthritis development following localized joint injuries are not well understood. To demonstrate this local‐to‐global linkage, we hypothesized that a localized osteoarticular injury in the rabbit knee would not only cause biomechanical and histological abnormalities in the involved compartment but also concurrent histological changes in the noninvolved compartment. Twenty rabbits had an acute osteoarticular injury that involved localized joint incongruity (a 2‐mm osteochondral defect created in the weight‐bearing area of the medial femoral condyle), while another 20 received control sham surgery. At the time of euthanasia at 8 or 16 weeks post‐surgery, the experimental knees were subjected to sagittal‐plane laxity measurement, followed by cartilage histo‐morphological evaluation using the Mankin score. The immediate effects of defect creation on joint stability and contact mechanics were explored in concomitant rabbit cadaver experimentation. The injured animals had cartilage histological scores significantly higher than in the sham surgery group (p < 0.01) on the medial femoral, medial tibial, and lateral femoral surfaces (predominantly on the medial surfaces), accompanied by slight (mean 20%) increase of sagittal‐plane laxity. Immediate injury‐associated alterations in the medial compartment contact mechanics were also demonstrated. Localized osteoarticular injury in this survival animal model resulted in global joint histological changes. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:340–346, 2011
Is it time to reconsider the BCLC/AASLD therapeutic flow‐chart?
Authors: Livraghi Tito , Brambilla Giorgio , Carnaghi Carlo , Tommasini Maurizio A. , Torzilli Guido 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:Recommendations of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) therapeutic flow‐chart, endorsed by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), are the most applied worldwide. Over recent years, however, several referral centers have questioned some of the BCLC treatment allocations and proposed alternative strategies. The present study plans to review and discuss these suggestions, with the aim to evaluate whether there are well‐grounded reasons to reconsider some of the BCLC/AASLD recommendations.Methods:A search was made into the MEDLINE database, focusing on randomized controlled trials, meta‐analysis reviews, case–control studies, concordant clinical trials on novel therapies and studies reporting the opinion of respected experts. Their results and conclusions were compared stage by stage with BCLC/AASLD recommendations.Results: In stage 0 (very early, or single <2 cm, or carcinoma in situ, Child A) radiofrequency should replace resection. In stage A (early, or single or three nodules up to 3 cm, Child A–B) radiofrequency and resection should expand their indications. In stage B (intermediate, or multinodular, Child A–B) resection and transplantation should expand their indications, while intra‐arterial therapies are changing from conventional to selective treatments. In stage C (advanced, portal invasion or extrahepatic disease, Child A–B) systemic therapies should offer previously unknown promising options.Conclusion: In our opinion, so much evidence leads to suggest it is time to reconsider several BCLC/AASLD recommendations. Some treatments are comparable in results but vary in costs, local availability, or complication rates. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:868–876. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic impact of local treatment against postoperative oligometastases in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yano Tokujiro , Haro Akira , Yoshida Tsukihisa , Morodomi Yosuke , Ito Kensaku , Shikada Yasunori , Shoji Fumihiro , Maruyama Riichiroh , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we investigated prognostic factors associated with survival after distantly metastatic recurrence in surgically resected non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and clarified the influence of local treatment on the prognosis for oligometastatic recurrence.MethodsFrom 1994 through 2004, 418 consecutive patients with NSCLC underwent complete resection; 138 experienced a postoperative recurrence by December 2005. Of those, we reviewed 93 patients with only distant metastases for clinicopathological information, treatment modality, and survival.ResultsFor the 93 patients with distant metastasis alone, the 2‐ and 5‐year survival rates after recurrence were 43.9% and 38.7%, respectively. Of those patients, 44 first received local treatment, including radiotherapy in 31 and a surgical resection in 13. Their recurrent disease (oligometastases) was limited with the potential to be controlled with local treatment. The targeted metastatic organs were brain in 14 patients, bone in 14, lungs in 12, and other organs in 4. Significant prognostic factors for postrecurrence survival included adenocarcinoma histology, long disease‐free interval (DFI) (1 year or longer), and the performance of local treatment for oligometastases.ConclusionLocal therapy such as radiotherapy and surgery, might be considered first‐line treatment in patients with postoperative oligometastatic recurrence, especially those with a DFI ≥ 1 year. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:852–855. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification of polar compounds from Radix isatidis using conventional C18 column coupled with polar‐copolymerized C18 column
Authors: Zeng Jing , Guo Zhimou , Xiao Yuansheng , Wang Chaoran , Zhang Xiuli , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRegarding hydrophilic interaction chromatography and normal phase liquid chromatography, RPLC is another choice used to separate polar compounds with the improvement of polar‐modified C18 stationary phase. In this study, a method using conventional C18 column coupled with polar‐copolymerized C18 column was successfully developed for the separation and purification of polar compounds from Radix isatidis, which is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). An XTerra MS C18 column was used to fractionate the extract of R. isatidis and a homemade polar‐copolymerized C18 column was utilized for the final purification due to its good separation selectivity and high resolution for polar compounds. The established purification system demonstrated good orthogonality for the polar compounds. As a result, ten compounds were purified and three of them were identified as 3‐methyl‐5‐vinyloxazolidin‐2‐one (compound A), 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde (compound B) and 3‐methylfuran‐2‐carboxylic acid (compound G) based on the MS, IR and extensive NMR data, respectively. It was demonstrated to be a feasible and powerful technique for the purification of polar compounds under RPLC mode and more chemical information of TCMs will be obtained to interpret the efficiency of TCMs.
Electrochromatographic performance of conventional and polar‐embedded C16 silica monolithic stationary phases
Authors: Ye Fanggui , Huang Baojun , Wang Shun , Zhao Shulin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel monolithic silica column that has a polar‐embedded amide‐secondary amine group linking with C16 functionality for RP‐CEC is described. The amide‐secondary aminealkyloxysilane was synthesized by the reaction of 3‐(2‐aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane with hexadecanoyl chloride. Then, the silylant agent was bonded to the silica monolith matrix to produce hexadecanamide‐secondary amine bonded silica (HDAIS) monolithic column. The electrochromatographic performance of HDAIS monolithic column for the separation of neutral, basic and polar solutes was studied, which was compared to that using the hexadecyl bonded silica monolithic column. The HDAIS monolithic column displayed reduced hydrophobic retention characteristics in the separation of five hydrophobic n‐alkylbenzenes and four polar phenols when compared to the hexadecyl bonded silica monolithic column. A very much reduced silanol activity of HDAIS monolithic column was observed in the separation of test basic mixture including four aromatic amines, atenolol and metoprolol with 10 mM borate buffer (pH 7.5) containing 30% v/v ACN as the mobile phase. The comparison results indicate good performance for both polar and basic mixtures on HDAIS monolithic column in RP‐CEC, and also show promising results for further applications.
Weak anion and cation exchange mixed‐bed microcolumn for protein separation
Authors: Hou Chunyan , Yuan Huiming , Qiao Xiaoqiang , Liu Jinxiang , Shan Yichu , Zhang Lihua , Liang Zhen , Zhang Yukui 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo separate proteins with a wide distribution of pIs under the conditions compatible to online tryptic digestion (with preferable pH=8.0), weak anion and cation exchange chromatography (WAX/WCX) mixed‐bed microcolumn has been developed. With a mixture of five proteins with pIs ranging from 4.2 to 11.4, the effect of WAX/WCX ratio on the separation performance was investigated, and an optimum packing ratio of 1:1 w/w was obtained. Moreover, the undesirable hydrophobic interaction between the proteins and the stationary phase was suppressed with 10% ACN v/v added in the mobile phases. Under the optimized conditions compatible to tryptic digestion, basic and acidic proteins were resolved simultaneously, with RSDs of relative retention time on six columns less than 6%, indicating the good resolution and packing reproducibility. Furthermore, one RPLC fraction of proteins extracted from rat middle brain and the whole protein mixture extracted from rat liver were analyzed, respectively. The results demonstrated better separation performance on WAX/WCX microcolumns than that on both weak anion exchange chromatography and weak cation exchange chromatography at pH ∼8. We anticipate that WAX/WCX microcolumns are promising for the integration of protein separation and tryptic digestion aiming at high‐throughput proteome study.
Highly Oriented Crystalline PE Nanofibrils Produced by Electric‐Field‐Induced Stretching of Electrospun Wet Fibers
Authors: Yoshioka Taiyo , Dersch Roland , Greiner Andreas , Tsuji Masaki , Schaper Andreas K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn order to enhance the molecular orientation of electrospun nanofibers, a novel collection technique is proposed and applied to the spinning of polyethylene from high temperature solution. The technique makes use of a parallel‐electrode collector that acts before solidification of the fiber occurs. The resulting multiple‐necking morphology is composed of fine nanofibrils with very small diameter and narrow size distribution. The crystalline orientation of the nanofibrils was analyzed by TED. The formation mechanism of the nanofibrils is discussed. The strong elongational effect of the electric‐field‐induced stretching force in the parallel‐electrode collector is demonstrated by the orientational analysis and by observation of the multiple‐necking morphology. magnified image
Gene expression of normal human epidermal keratinocytes modulated by trivalent arsenicals
Authors: Bailey Kathryn A. , Hester Susan D. , Knapp Geremy W. , Owen Russell D. , Thai Sheau‐Fung 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is associated with the development of benign and malignant human skin lesions including nonmelanoma skin cancers. The precise arsenical form(s) responsible for this carcinogenic effect are unknown, although trivalent inorganic arsenic (iAsIII) and two of its toxic metabolites, monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII) and methylarsinous acid (DMAIII), are attractive candidates. In an effort to better understand and compare their toxic effects in the skin, we compared the global gene expression profiles of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) exposed to varying noncytotoxic/slightly cytotoxic concentrations of iAsIII, MMAIII, and DMAIIIfor 24 h. Exposure to each arsenical treatment group exhibited a dose effect in the number of altered genes and the magnitude of expression change in NHEKs. The most significant gene expression changes associated with iAsIIIand MMAIIIexposure were consistent with several key events believed to be important to As‐driven skin carcinogenesis, namely induction of oxidative stress, increased transcript levels of keratinocyte growth factors, and modulation of MAPK and NF‐κB pathways. At both comparable arsenical concentrations and comparable NHEK toxicity, greater potential carcinogenic effects were observed in MMAIII‐exposed NHEKs than those exposed to iAsIII, including involvement of more proinflammatory signals and increased transcript levels of more growth factor genes. In contrast, none of these above‐mentioned transcriptional trends were among the most significantly altered functions in the DMAIIItreatment group. This study suggests the relative capacity of each of the tested arsenicals to drive suspected key events in As‐mediated skin carcinogenesis is MMAIII > iAsIIIwith little contribution from DMAIII. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
α‐TEA induces apoptosis of human breast cancer cells via activation of TRAIL/DR5 death receptor pathway
Authors: Yu Weiping , Tiwary Richa , Li Jing , Park Sook‐Kyung , Jia Li , Xiong Ailian , Simmons‐Menchaca Marla , Sanders Bob G. , Kline Kimberly 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVitamin E derivative RRR‐α‐tocopherol ether‐linked acetic acid analog (α‐TEA) induces apoptosis in MCF‐7 and HCC‐1954 human breast cancer cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. α‐TEA induces increased levels of tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) and death receptor‐5 (DR5) and decreased levels of antiapoptotic factor, cellular FLICE‐like inhibitory protein (c‐FLIP L). DR5/TRAIL induced apoptosis involves downregulation of c‐FLIP (L), caspase‐8 activation, activated proapoptotic mediators tBid and Bax, mitochondrial permeability transition, and activation of caspase‐9. siRNA knockdown of either DR5 or TRAIL blocks the ability of α‐TEA to enhance DR5 protein levels, downregulate c‐FLIP(L) protein levels and induce apoptosis. Combination of α‐TEA + TRAIL acts cooperatively to induce apoptosis, and increase DR5 and decrease c‐FLIP (L) protein levels. siRNA knockdown of c‐FLIP produces a low level of spontaneous apoptosis and enhances α‐TEA‐ and TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Taken together, these studies show that α‐TEA induces TRAIL/DR5 mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis in human breast cancer cells, and that TRAIL/DR5‐dependent increases in DR5 and decreases in c‐FLIP expression are triggered by TRAIL or α‐TEA treatments. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactions between cigarette smoking and selected polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in risk for colorectal cancer: A case‐only analysis
Authors: Pande Mala , Amos Christopher I. , Eng Cathy , Frazier Marsha L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe metabolism of xenobiotics is complex and involves multiple steps and multiple enzymes. Genetic variation in the genes encoding these enzymes as well as the level of exposure to the substrates of these enzymes could alter metabolism and clearance of potential carcinogens and thus alter cancer susceptibility. This study examined interaction effect between smoking and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)—CYP1A1 c.1384A>G (p.Ile462Val) and EPHX1 c.337T>C (p.Tyr113His)—in modulating colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The SNPs were selected a priori based on functional significance. In a case‐only analysis, unconditional logistic regression was used to examine the associations between smoking and each SNP and between the two SNPs in 786 patients with nonfamilial CRC. There was significant multiplicative interaction for CRC risk between smoking and EPHX1 c.337T>C (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.81, P = 0.03), particularly among smokers with a history of greater than 20 pack‐years of smoking (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.07–2.16, P = 0.02). In addition, there was gene–gene interaction between EPHX1 c.337T>C and CYP1A1 c.1384A>G (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.02–2.55, P = 0.04). Smokers with any variant allele of EPHX1 were at increased risk for CRC, as were individuals with any variant allele of CYP1A1 together with any variant allele of EPHX1. Thus, the study of gene–environment and gene–gene interactions may help to identify high‐risk subgroups that can be targeted for intensive smoking cessation and CRC screening interventions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.