bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FSA publishes final Code of Practice on policies relating to remuneration of personnel at FSA regulated firms: financial services alert
Authors: Morgan Philip J. , Robson Neil Nick 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain UK Financial Services Authority (FSA) Policy Statement 09/15, Reforming Remuneration Practices in Financial Services, (the “Code”) which requires certain large banks, building societies and broker‐dealers in the UK to establish, implement and maintain remuneration policies that are consistent with and promote effective risk management.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explains the background to the Code, including the FSA's views on bonuses and remuneration; describes the characteristics of the approximately 26 large firms to which the Code will apply; discusses the Code's principles concerning remuneration; details the timing of the key steps for implementation of the Code; explains information on remuneration firms must provide to the FSA; and discusses the FSA's plans for follow‐up.Practical implicationsThe FSA is likely to publish similar remuneration guidelines that will extend to all FSA‐authorized firms.Originality/valueThe paper provides practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers; a possible bellwether of future similar policies from financial regulators in other countries.
Performance characteristics of location‐based group membership and data consistency algorithms in mobilead hocnetworks
Authors: Wilson Jeffery W. , Chen I.R. 
Published: December 2009

PurposeMany applications of mobilead hocnetworks require real‐time data consistency among moving nodes within a geographical area of interest to function correctly, such as those that support disaster recovery and battlefield command and control. While it is operationally desirable to maintain data consistency among nodes within a large geographical area, the time and network resources required to propagate state changes to all nodes place practical limits on network size. This paper aims to investigate this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis paper investigates the notion of location‐based data consistency in mobilead hocnetworks, and analyzes the tradeoff between data consistency and timeliness of data exchange among nodes within a location‐based group in a geographical area of interest.FindingsUsing a Petri net performance model, performance characteristics of location‐based data consistency maintenance algorithms are analyzed and design conditions under which the system can tradeoff consistency for timeliness (reflecting the response time to propagate a state change) while satisfying the imposed data consistency requirement, when given a set of parameters characterizing the application in the underlying mobilead hocnetwork are identified.Originality/valueThe system designer can deploy the optimal area size identified in the analysis for maximizing membership and data consistency based on the “I am alive” beaconing interval used at runtime while satisfying the response time requirement for propagating a state change.
The effects of the number of neighbors in multihop wireless networks
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Maxemchuk N.F. 
Published: December 2009

PurposeIn multihop wireless networks, the number of neighbors has an important role in the network performance since links are dynamically formed between a node and its neighbors. This paper aims to investigate this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper quantitatively studies the effects of the average number of neighbors in multihop wireless networks on the network connectivity, the number of hops needed to traverse a certain distance, which can be used to determine the hop diameter of a network, and the total energy consumed by packet transmission, which can be used to choose an optimum average number of neighbors that minimizes the energy consumption. This paper also presents an analysis of the energy consumption that can be applied to a wide range of access protocols and show the effect of a variety of factors.FindingsResults show that the minimum average number of neighbors to guarantee the overall network connectivity depends on the size of a network coverage. There is a sharp knee in the network connectivity with decrease of the average number of neighbors, N. If the distance between a source and destination, d, is known, the number of hops needed to reach the destination is usually between d/R∼2d/R, where R is the transmission range. A larger average number of neighbors N leads to a smaller number of hops to traverse a certain distance, which in turn results in a smaller traffic load caused by relaying packets. However, a bigger N also causes more collisions when a contention medium access scheme is used, which leads to more energy consumed by packet transmission. The results show that the optimum N which minimizes the energy is obtained by balancing several factors affecting the energy.Originality/valueThe paper provides a useful study on the effects of the number of neighbors in multihop wireless networks.
Schema‐level access control policies for XML documents
Authors: Müldner Tomasz , Leighton Gregory , Krzysztof Miziołek Jan 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the secure publishing of XML documents, where a single copy of an XML document is disseminated and a stated role‐based access control policy (RBACP) is enforced via selective encryption. It describes a more efficient solution over previously proposed approaches, in which both policy specification and key generation are performed once, at the schema‐level. In lieu of the commonly used super‐encryption technique, in which nodes residing in the intersection of multiple roles are encrypted with multiple keys, it describes a new approach called multi‐encryption that guarantees each node is encrypted at most once.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes two alternative algorithms for key generation and single‐pass algorithms for multi‐encrypting and decrypting a document. The solution typically results in a smaller number of keys being distributed to each user.FindingsThe paper proves the correctness of the presented algorithms, and provides experimental results indicating the superiority of multi‐encryption over super‐encryption, in terms of encryption and decryption time requirements. It also demonstrates the scalability of the approach as the size of the input document and complexity of the schema‐level RBACP are increased.Research limitations/implicationsAn extension of this work involves designing and implementing re‐usability of keyrings when a schema or ACP is modified. In addition, more flexible solutions for handling cycles in schema graphs are possible. The current solution encounters difficulty when schema graphs are particularly deep and broad.Practical implicationsThe experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is scalable, and is applicable to scenarios in which XML documents conforming to a common schema are to be securely published.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the efficient implementation of secure XML publication systems.
Organizational rationality and project management
Authors: Andersen Erling S. , Dysvik Anders , Live Vaagaasar Anne 
Published: December 2009

PurposeDoes the organizational culture of the base organization affect the way its projects are carried out? The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between one aspect of organizational culture, namely the formal rationality of the base organization and how projects are approached. The concept of McDonaldization is used to describe formal rationality; it covers four aspects: efficiency, predictability, calculability and control. Two types of approaches (here called project perspectives) to project management are studied: the task perspective (focus on a clearly defined endeavour from the start of the project) and the organizational perspective (focus on supporting the base organization in its change efforts). The relationship between formal rationality of the base organization and choice of project perspective is revealed.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical study based on a survey of 164 managers.FindingsThe paper shows that the degree of formal organizational rationality affects choice of project perspective: the more rational the base organization, the more dominant the task perspective. The size of the project is of significance, telling us that, in general, larger projects are less task‐ oriented than smaller and medium‐ sized, everything else being equal.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies may be of interest to reveal the relationship between organizational culture of the base organization and project management. Better operationalizations of the constructs of rationality and project perspective are presented, which opens up for further studies on the relationship between rationality and project management.Practical implicationsIt is important for managers to know that the way the project work is approached is affected by the organizational rationality of the base organization.Originality/valueThe paper shows the importance of the organizational culture of the base organization, especially the degree of formal rationality, for how project work is done. It presents new operationalizations of formal rationality and project perspective to make way for further studies on the relationship between organizational rationality and project management.
Gender differences in work experiences and satisfactions of Norwegian oil rig workers
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Berge Matthiesen Stig , Einarsen Stale , Fiskenbaum Lisa , Soiland Vibeke 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe present study sets out to compare women (N=24) and men (N=613) working on Norwegian oil rigs in the North Sea on work experiences, work satisfaction, perception of safety attitudes and safety climate, and psychological health.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using questionnaires from 1,022 women and men, a 59 percent response rate. Only those respondents working in traditionally male‐dominated jobs were considered.FindingsFew differences were observed, suggesting that those women that continue in this occupation compare favorably with their male colleagues.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings should be considered tentative, given the small number of women taking part in the study.Practical implicationsFor the past three decades, women were encouraged and supported to enter non‐traditional occupations (NTOs). NTOs were occupations that have traditionally been male‐dominated. Only modest inroads have been made by females during this time. Women in NTOs typically report work experiences reflecting unique challenges, most resulting from the gender culture of their workplace and findings show that women that survive in these jobs report similar experiences to those of their male colleagues.Originality/valueThe paper adds to one's knowledge of women's experiences in non‐traditional jobs.
Gender differences in involuntary job loss and the reemployment experience
Authors: Zikic Jelena , Burke Ronald J. , Fiksenbaum Lisa 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe study seeks to compare the experiences of job loss and reemployment experiences among female and male higher level managers and professionals.Design/methodology/approachThe paper compares data collected at two periods in time from (n=120) females and (n=184) males who completed two self‐report questionnaires.FindingsRelatively few gender differences were observed in the present study. The fact that females and males experienced the job loss and re‐employment process similarly was interpreted as a sign of progress. Main differences were found in networking and personality types, with men being more successful in networking and less agreeable types.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a self‐report study and somewhat smaller sample at time two. Secondly, some of the findings may not generalize to those outside of outplacement.Practical implicationsOutplacement services may use these findings in guiding their counseling practice and focusing more on helping female executives in their networking efforts for example.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the gender literature by looking at experience of job loss and reemployment for a particular and rarely examined group of individuals. It offers new knowledge on gender differences among executives and higher level managers.
Still a man's world
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Koyuncu Mustafa , Fiksenbaum Lisa 
Published: December 2009

PurposeAlthough qualified women are entering professional and managerial ranks within organizations, they continue to have difficulties in advancing their careers. It has been suggested that the biggest obstacle to women's career advancement lies in the attitudes, biases and prejudices of their male colleagues and their organizational cultures. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of perceptions of organizational bias among managerial and professional women and their work satisfactions and levels of psychological well‐being.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 215 women, a 67 percent response rate, using anonymously completed questionnaires. Respondents worked for a large Turkish bank that had offices in several cities.FindingsWomen reporting greater perceptions of bias indicated less job satisfaction, lower levels of work engagement and higher levels of job stress; perceptions of bias were not related to intentions to quit however. In addition, women reporting greater perceptions of organizational bias indicated higher levels of exhaustion but these perceptions were unrelated to levels of self‐reported psychosomatic symptoms. Interestingly, more educated women reported higher levels of perceived organizational bias.Research limitations/implicationsImplications for women's job performance and career advancement as well as suggestions for addressing potential gender bias are offered.Originality/valueThe paper adds to knowledge about the work and career experiences of women in Turkey and the challenges they face.
Translating a management concept: diversity management in Denmark
Authors: Risberg Annette , Søderberg Anne‐Marie 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand how the concept of diversity management is translated and adapted into the Danish societal context. The authors therefore seek to answer these questions: to what extent do larger Danish companies experience a need to practice diversity management? Do they also have specific diversity policies? And how do these Danish companies discursively construct and manage diversity?Design/methodology/approachThe authors surveyed 100 Danish firms and performed a discourse analysis of two frontrunner firms' diversity documents.FindingsThe Danish firms in the survey experienced a need for diversity management, but were somewhat reluctant to introduce diversity policies. The two frontrunner firms drew on a discourse of diversity as a business case intertwined with a discourse of social responsibility with focus on helping minority groups having difficulties accessing the job market. The findings indicate that concepts must be translated for the local context in order to be accepted by local actors.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies should look closer into local practices of diversity management to increase understanding of how this seemingly universal management concept is translated.Originality/valueDanish society, which until recently was relatively homogeneous, forms a specific cultural context for diversity management that differs significantly from American and British multicultural societies.
Men, masculinities and flexible work in local government
Authors: Pini Barbara , McDonald Paula 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish the strongly entrenched connection between hegemonic masculinity and participation in full‐time employment. It subsequently examines the extent to which male flexible workers in local government represent a challenge to this orthodoxy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports on findings from interviews with 12 men and 13 women undertaking flexible work in a local government authority in Australia.FindingsIt was found that while two of the male flexible workers articulate alternative discourses of masculine subjectivity dissociated from participation in full‐time work, the remainder demonstrate the continued centrality of a full‐time presence in the workplace to hegemonic masculinity.Originality/valueThis paper argues that these findings are indicative of the continued dominance of masculinities in local government organisations.
Gender differences in work experiences, satisfactions and wellbeing among physicians in Turkey
Authors: Burke Ronald , Koyuncu Mustafa , Fiksenbaum Lisa 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate gender differences in work experiences, satisfactions and psychological health among physicians in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 237 male and 194 female physicians using an anonymously completed questionnaire. Measures included personal demographic and work situation characteristics, stable individual difference factors (e.g. workaholism components, Type A behavior, optimism), job behaviors (e.g. perfectionism, hours worked), work and extra‐work satisfactions, indicators of work engagement, and psychological wellbeing.FindingsThere were few differences in personal demographic and work situation characteristics. Female physicians had less professional tenure and worked fewer hours and extra‐hours per week. Female and male physicians were similar on stable individual difference factors, job behaviors, work outcomes, extra‐work satisfactions and psychological wellbeing, with a few exceptions. Female physicians reported more work‐family conflict and more psychosomatic symptoms and tended to be absent more.Research limitations/implicationsData were collected using self‐report questionnaires raising the possibility of response set tendencies. It is also not clear to what extent these findings generalize to male and female physicians in other countries.Originality/valueDespite previous studies showing considerable gender differences in the work experiences and wellbeing of female and male physicians in other countries, female and male physicians in Turkey reported generally similar job behaviors, satisfactions, quality of life and emotional wellbeing. This suggests that an emphasis on gender similarities rather than gender differences might be warranted.
Gender‐specific association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype and haplotype with the aggressiveness and prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma in Japanese patients
Authors: Sakano Shigeru , Hinoda Yuji , Okayama Naoko , Kawai Yoshihisa , Ito Hideaki , Nagao Kazuhiro , Hara Takahiko , Matsuyama Hideyasu 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVETo determine if the two common polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, C677T and A1298C, affect tumour aggressiveness or prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) in Japanese patients.PATIENTS AND METHODS MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms have been reported to cause decreased enzyme activity, which reduces the quantity of methyl groups available for DNA methylation and leads to mis‐incorporation of uracil into DNA, resulting in single‐strand DNA breaks. These effects might induce the accumulation of several genetic changes, leading to the development and progression of CCRCC. Therefore, we investigated the associations between MTHFR genotypes and haplotypes and the clinicopathological characteristics and survival rates in 240 Japanese patients with histopathologically confirmed CCRCC. MTHFR C677T and A1298C were genotyped and haplotypes were analysed using appropriate software.RESULTSThe variant genotypes of MTHFR A1298C were significantly associated with some advanced characteristics of CCRCC in all patients, and these associations were stronger among men. However, among women, the variant genotypes of MTHFR C677T were associated with some advanced characteristics of CCRCC and the C677T variant genotypes or the 677T‐1298A haplotype was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (P = 0.007 and P = 0.009, respectively).CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge, this is the first report on the association between MTHFR polymorphisms and CCRCC aggressiveness or prognosis. These results suggest that the MTHFR genotypes and haplotype might be useful, in a gender‐specific manner, as predictive factors for the clinical course of CCRCC. Furthermore, these findings will contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying CCRCC progression.
Adaptive and Feature‐Preserving Subdivision for High‐Quality Tetrahedral Meshes
Authors: Burkhart D. , Hamann B. , Umlauf G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe present an adaptive subdivision scheme for unstructured tetrahedral meshes inspired by the ‐subdivision scheme for triangular meshes. Existing tetrahedral subdivision schemes do not support adaptive refinement and have traditionally been driven by the need to generate smooth three‐dimensional deformations of solids. These schemes use edge bisections to subdivide tetrahedra, which generates octahedra in addition to tetrahedra. To split octahedra into tetrahedra one routinely chooses a direction for the diagonals for the subdivision step. We propose a new topology‐based refinement operator that generates only tetrahedra and supports adaptive refinement. Our tetrahedral subdivision algorithm is motivated by the need to have one representation for the modeling, the simulation and the visualization and so to bridge the gap between CAD and CAE. Our subdivision algorithm design emphasizes on geometric quality of the tetrahedral meshes, local and adaptive refinement operations, and preservation of sharp geometric features on the boundary and in the interior of the physical domain.
Towards a social reality of dyslexia
Authors: Macdonald Stephen J. 
Published: December 2009

Accessible summary

In recent years, some academics have dismissed the legitimacy of dyslexia.
This approach implies that diagnoses cannot distinguish between general reading difficulties and dyslexia and educational support is the same for both groups.
The article confronts this ‘anti‐labelling approach’ by reflecting on life experiences of people with dyslexia.
By doing this it confronts certain stereotypes associated with dyslexia to develop a meaningful response to the label of learning difficulties.

SummaryDespite recent advances in understanding dyslexia as a neurological condition, a number of academics in both the United Kingdom and United States have dismissed the validity of this impairment. The key thinking behind this approach is twofold. Firstly, individuals labelled as having dyslexia cannot be separated from individuals with general reading difficulties. Secondly, educational ‘treatment’ of dyslexia is consistent with educational support for children labelled as having general reading difficulties. Rather than expand on a psycho‐cognitive approach, this article endeavours to reflect on individual subjectivities. This is to analyse the social aspects of dyslexia and its symptoms. By discussing the life stories of people diagnosed with dyslexia, the article confronts certain stereotypes associated with this syndrome. In doing so, the study concludes by developing a meaningful response to the label of learning difficulties.