bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Conformation of 9,10-Anthrylene Rotors on Structures and Self-association Properties of Macrocyclic Arylene–Alkynylene Oligomers
Authors: Miyamoto Kazuaki , Iwanaga Tetsuo , Toyota Shinji 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Macrocyclization of 9,10-bis[(3-ethynyl-5-octylphenyl)ethynyl]anthracene afforded three cyclic oligomers: a dimer, a trimer, and a tetramer. Only the trimer showed significant self-association in solution because of its fully planar structure. Their structures and properties were significantly influenced by the conformation of the 9,10-anthrylene rotors depending on the ring size.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO2 Nanorod Bundles in the Presence of Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide
Authors: Lai Teming , Yi Long , Yang Wenxia 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Highly crystallized anatase TiO2 nanorod bundles have been prepared by a hydrothermal method in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) for the first time. TMAOH plays a structural template role to modify the TiO2 particle shape to nanorod. Many nanorods stick together in the middle, obtaining a special nanorod bundle. The TiO2 nanorod bundles show relatively higher photocatalytic activity than Degussa P25 evaluated via the degradation of phenol.
Pentaleno[1,2-c:4,5-c′]dithiophene Derivatives: First Synthesis, Properties, and a Molecular Structure
Authors: Konishi Akihito , Fujiwara Takeru , Ogawa Noriko , Hirao Yasukazu , Matsumoto Kouzou , Kurata Hiroyuki , Kubo Takashi , Kitamura Chitoshi , Kawase Takeshi 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
New π-extended pentalene derivatives bearing two thiophene rings are synthesized from 3-bromo-4-ethynylthiopenes as stable orange crystals by using a nickel complex. The observed electronic properties and molecular structure clearly indicate low contribution of the pentalene π system as predicted by the TD-DFT calculations.
Tsukuba-green: A Fluorescent Dye that Emits Green Fluorescence Useful for Live-cell Imaging
Authors: Senda Naoko , Miwa Yoshihiro , Tanaka Junko , Momotake Atsuya , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A new fluorescent dye, 4-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-2-methyl-7-hydroxyquinoline (TG) was obtained unexpectedly from the BiCl3-catalyzed Pechmann condensation. TG emits green fluorescence at 509 nm in water. For live-cell imaging applications, TG derivatives TG1–TG3 were prepared. Under physiological conditions, HEp-2 cells were immediately stained upon addition of a solution of TG3.
Subword-based Semantic Retrieval of Clinical and Bibliographic Documents
Authors: Schulz S. , Müller M. L. , Dzeyk W. , Prinzen L. , Pacheco E. J. , Secco Cancian P. , Nohama P. , Markó K. , Daumke P. 
Published: February 2010

Summary
Objectives: The increasing amount of electronically available documents in bibliographic databases and the clinical documentation requires user-friendly techniques for content retrieval.
Methods: A domain-specific approach on semantic text indexing for document retrieval is presented. It is based on a subword thesaurus and maps the content of texts in different European languages to a common interlingual representation, which supports the search across multilingual document collections.
Results: Three use cases are presented where the semantic retrieval method has been implemented: a bibliographic database, a department EHR system, and a consumer-oriented Web portal.
Conclusions: It could be shown that a semantic indexing and retrieval approach, the performance of which had already been empirically assessed in prior studies, proved useful in different prototypical and routine scenarios and was well accepted by several user groups.
Omics-based Medicine and Systems Pathology
Authors: Tanaka H. 
Published: February 2010

Summary
Objectives: Recent important advances in the human genomics and post-genomic “omics” are now bringing about a new medical care which we call “omics-based medicine”. In this article, we investigated the development and future possibilities of omics-based medicine.
Methods: We divided the development of omics-based medicine into three generations in order to clarify the main clinical goals and characteristics of informatics method of each generation, together with its future possibilities.
Results: The first generation of omics-based medicine started with “genomic medicine” based on the inborn individual differences of genome. It has opened the study of genetic polymorphism of the diseases and promoted the personalized medication based on the pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic difference of the drug response. In the second generation of omics-based medicine, owing to the advances in the high-throughput technology, vast amount of the various post-genomic disease omics data containing comprehensive molecular information of diseased somatic cells has become available. It reflects the ongoing state of diseases more closely and enables the predictive medicine such as prognosis prediction of disease by applying the data-driven analysis. Finally, due to the rapidly growing knowledge about the cellular molecular network, system-level understanding of the disease, called systems pathology, becomes possible. It can fully exploit the substantial contents of disease omics and will lead to a comprehensive understanding of disease process by using model-driven analysis.
Conclusion: Omics-based medicine and systems pathology will realize a new personalized and predictive medicine.
Three patients with both Hodgkin′s lymphoma and Castleman′s disease: Clinicopathologic correlations and lack of association with HHV-8
Authors: Haque Saadiya , Kirk Jr Robert van 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Background : The relationship between Hodgkin′s lymphoma (HL) and plasma cell-type Castleman′s disease (PCD) has been well documented. There have been over 20 cases reported in the literature and nearly all of them were either diagnosed concurrently, or were initially diagnosed as PCD and upon review were found to have interfollicular HL. Human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) is present in about 40% of cases with PCD. It predisposes patients to a much higher risk of other malignancies, including Kaposi′s sarcoma and non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma. Cases linked to HHV-8 are associated with a different morphology than cases that are not linked to HHV-8. It has been proposed that patients with both HL and CD will have lymph nodes with HHV-8-negative morphology.Materials and Methods : We present a series of three cases in a retrospective study where patients had both HL and PCD. Surgical pathology reports, clinical histories, and H and E and various immunohistochemical stains on initial work-up were examined and subsequent immunohistochemical stains for HHV-8 were obtained from the Methodist Hospital.Results:Patient 1 was diagnosed with PCD and interfollicular HL in the same lymph node. Patient 2 was first diagnosed with classic HL and 2 years later returned with enlarged lymph nodes clinically suspected to be recurrent HL. Histology showed angiofollicular hyperplasia and interfollicular plasmacytosis without Reed-Sternberg cells and a diagnosis of PCD was rendered. Patient 3, a male in his third decade, was diagnosed with nodular sclerosing HL in the thymus, and concurrently PCD in the mediastinal lymph nodes. All three cases had architectural features consistent with an HHV-8-negative morphology. Immunohistochemical stains for HHV-8 were done retrospectively and were negative.Conclusion:All three of our patients with both HL and CD had HHV-8-negative lymph node morphology and absence of HHV-8 by immunohistochemistry. These patients, therefore, are not at an increased risk for the development of subsequent malignancies, when compared to HHV-8-positive patients. Included in our series is one unique case where the diagnosis of HL preceded CD by 2 years.
Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma in a premenopausal woman with multiple organ metastases
Authors: Srikantia Nirmala , Rekha B , Rajeev A.G. , Kalyan Suman 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEndometrial adenocarcinoma is the third common malignancy of the female genital tract occurring most often in the postmenopausal age group. High tumor grade, advanced surgical stage, and lymphovascular space invasion are implicated as poor prognostic factors for dissemination of disease. We present an unusual case of endometrial adenocarcinoma in a premenopausal woman with simultaneous metastases in brain, liver, skin and skeletal system, within one month of completion of treatment. The role of adjuvant/concurrent chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy in high risk cases is discussed along with the review of literature.
Performance Comparison of Bridge Coating Defect Recognition Methods
Authors: Lee S. , Chang L-M. , Chen P-H. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Digital image recognition methods are now being utilized for steel bridge painting surface assessment. Through the use of digital image processing methods, the rust percentage on steel bridge surfaces can be objectively computed. The rust percentage may be crucial for the successful implementation of steel bridge painting warranty contracting since it can be used to decide whether painting contractors should repair painting defects at the end of the warranty period or at any regular inspection. To implement painting warranty contracting, however, appropriately designed recognition methods must be developed first. In this paper, several recognition methods are proposed and evaluated based on their rust recognition performance, and these methods fall into two categories. One uses artificial intelligence methods such as neural networks and fuzzy logic as the backbone for recognition, while the others apply statistical approaches to detect rust areas. Illumination is considered in some of the proposed methods to determine how it affects the recognition results. To test the performance of the proposed methods, a series of comparisons were made based on different environmental conditions.
Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition in an Environmentally Friendly Pickling Solution for AISI 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Narváez L. , Cano E. , Bastidas J. M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
There is increasing interest in the utilization of ecological bath solutions for the pickling of stainless steel (SS), because conventional nitric (HNO3) and hydrofluoric (HF) acid mixtures generate high NOx emissions. A mixture of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and HF has been tested in this study as an environmentally friendly pickling solution for AISI 316L SS (UNS S31603). The decomposition of H2O2 and the H2SO4-HF-H2O2 mixture was assessed at different temperatures from 25°C to 60°C, with ferric ion contents from 0 to 40 g/L, with and without stirring of the aqueous acid mixture. The p-Toluene sulfonic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, and 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids were tested as stabilizers for H2O2. The AISI 316LSS pickling rate found at 50°C was 2.35 × 103 mg/dm2-day (mdd) and 0.12 × 103 mdd, respectively, in the absence and presence of 40 g/L ferric ion.
Electrochemical Polarization and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Alloy 690 in 5-M Chloride Solutions at 25°C
Authors: Chen Y. Y. , Chou L. B. , Wang L. H. , Oung J. C. , Shih H. C. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
An experimental, potential-pH diagram was constructed for the nickel-based Alloy 690 (UNS N06690) in 25°C concentrated (5 M) sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, using an electrochemical hysteresis method. The domains of immunity, general corrosion, passivation, and pitting in 5-M NaCl solutions were defined. At pH &gt; 4, the passive region subdivided into areas of perfect passivation, imperfect passivation, and pitting. After anodic polarization, the surface of each specimen was carefully examined metallographically. Pitting corrosion was observed over the entire pH range investigated (0.3 to 8.52), but general corrosion predominated at lower pH values (&lt;3). On the other hand, the mechanical properties, such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), strain at fracture, and the reduction area (RA) measured by the slow strain rate test (SSRT), decreased significantly at pH &lt; 3. The SSRT results are consistent with fractography and side-view observations of the tested specimens by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Technical Note:
16 Years of Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Seawater
Authors: Zhu X-R. , Huang G-Q. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
This paper summarizes 16 years of corrosion behavior of carbon steel exposed in splash, tidal, and immersion zones at the Qingdao, Zhoushan, Xiamen, and Yulin sites in China. Long-term characteristics of seawater corrosion for carbon steel have been obtained.
Threshold Chloride Concentrations of Selected Corrosion-Resistant Rebar Materials Compared to Carbon Steel
Authors: Hurley M. F. , Scully J. R. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The threshold chloride concentration for solid Type 316LN (UNS S31653) stainless steel, Type 316L (UNS S31603) stainless steel clad, 2101 (UNS S32101), Fe-9%Cr, and carbon steel rebar (ordinary ASTM A 615M) was investigated using potentiodynamic and potentiostatic current monitoring techniques in saturated calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) + sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. There is general consensus in this study and the literature that the chloride threshold for carbon steel is less than a chloride to hydroxl (Cl−/OH−) molar ratio of 1. Solid Type 316LN stainless steel rebar was found to have a much higher chloride threshold (i.e., threshold Cl−/OH− ratio &gt; 20) than carbon steel (0.25 &lt; Cl−/OH−&lt; 0.34). Type 316L stainless steel clad rebar possessed a chloride threshold expressed as a Cl−/OH− ratio of 4.9 when cladding was intact. However, surface preparation, test method, duration of period exposed to a passivating condition prior to the introduction of chloride, and the presence of cladding defects all affected the threshold chloride concentration obtained. For instance, the presence of mill scale on any of the more corrosion-resistant materials reduced the chloride threshold to approximately that of carbon steel. The chloride threshold for Type 316L clad rebar was highly dependent on any defects that exposed the carbon steel core. At best, it was similar to that of solid stainless steel. However, when defective, it was equal to that of carbon steel rebar in the potentiostatic method used here. A model was implemented to predict the extension of the Cl− diffusion time period until corrosion initiation would be expected using rebar materials with a higher chloride threshold concentration than carbon steel. Model results confirmed that corrosion-resistant rebar materials in a pickled condition may increase time until chloride-induced breakdown of passivity and onset of corrosion to 100 years or more.
Transient Analysis and Simulation of Pitting Corrosion for the Estimation of Noise Resistance
Authors: de León G. Miramontes , Farden D. C. , Tallman D. E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A new approach for the measurement of noise resistance based on the transient behavior of pitting corrosion is presented. Potential noise and current transients have been recognized as a characteristic behavior of pitting corrosion. This new approach uses the transient information present during corrosion as a way to estimate the noise resistance of coated metals directly. Computer simulation and analytical results are presented, indicating that the new technique can be applied to the problem of noise resistance estimation. This new approach was applied to experimental electrochemical noise data obtained with commercial electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)/electrochemcial noise measurement (ENM) equipment.
Electrochemical Behavior of Rust Formed on Carbon Steel in a Wet/Dry Environment Containing Chloride Ions
Authors: Nishimura T. , Katayama H. , Noda K. , Kodama T. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The iron rust phase was analyzed by using the in-situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) and alternating current (AC) impedance methods after a wet/dry corrosion test using sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, which is the main composition of airborne saline particles. The corrosion content of the carbon steel depended on the concentration of Cl ions in the environment of the test chamber. As the concentration of Cl ions increased, the content of β-FeOOH increased in iron rust phases. The transition of β-FeOOH from the green rust I (GRI) was observed directly by in-situ XRD. The amount of GRI depended on the concentration of Cl ions, and β-FeOOH was transformed from GRI automatically in the dry process of the test. AC impedance showed that the resistance of the rust (Rrust) increased with the number of cycles in the corrosion test, and that the structural factor of the rust became predominant in Rrust. With the increase of the amount of rust, the resistance corresponding to the corrosion rate (Rt decreased, which was related to the reduction of β-FeOOH in the rust phase.
Microstructure Dependence of Stress Corrosion Cracking Initiation in X-65 Pipeline Steel Exposed to a Near-Neutral pH Soil Environment
Authors: Chu R. , Chen W. , Wang S.-H. , King F. , Jack T. R. , Fessler R. R. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A study was carried out to understand mechanisms of stress corrosion crack initiation in an X-65 pipeline steel exposed to a near-neutral pH soil environment under a mechanical loading condition typical of a pipeline operating in the field. Microcracks initiated on the polished surface of the X-65 pipeline steel after long-term exposure at open-circuit potential in a near-neutral pH synthetic soil solution. It was found that these microcracks were initiated mostly from pits at metallurgical discontinuities such as grain boundaries, pearlitic colonies, and banded phases in the steel. Strong preferential dissolution was observed along planes of the banded structures in the steel. Selective corrosion at these metallurgical discontinuities is attributed to the anodic nature of those areas relative to the neighboring steel surface. Consistent with previous observations, no increased susceptibility to crack initiation was found at physical discontinuities mechanically introduced into the surface of steel exposed to synthetic soil solution at open-circuit potential.
Degradation of SiC-Base Materials in Environments Containing Potassium Salt Vapors
Authors: Pareek V. K. , Shores D. A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Studies have shown that low levels of potassium salt vapor contaminants drastically lower the oxidation resistance of α-SiC. In this study, reaction-bonded SiC and a composite SiC + TiB2 suffered considerably more attack in environments containing potassium salt vapors than α-SiC. The kinetics were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the scales. In an attempt to mitigate the degradation, a thin aluminum layer was applied by physical vapor deposition and then oxidized to alumina. When applied to α-SiC, the Al2O3 layer reduced the corrosion rate where good overlayer coatings were achieved.
Effects of Carbides on Susceptibility of Alloy 600 to Stress Corrosion Cracking in High-Temperature Water
Authors: Rebak R. B. , Xia Z. , Szklarska-Smialowska Z. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of sensitized, carburized, and mill-annealed alloy 600 (UNS N06600) was studied in hydrogenated, aerated, and high-temperature (250°C to 350°C) dilute aqueous solutions. In high-temperature water at high anodic potentials, the current density (CD) from carbide dissolution was higher than CD from matrix dissolution. In oxidizing environments, intergranular stress corrosion cracking propagated in alloy 600 by dissolution of continuous or semicontinuous carbides at the grain boundary, in sensitized and non-sensitized materials.
Kinetics of Passive Film Formation on Scratched Bare Surfaces of Stainless Steels in Magnesium Chloride Solutions
Authors: Li D. , Mao X. , Zhu R. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Kinetics of passive film formation on the bare surface of scratched stainless steels SS in magnesium chloride (MgCl2) solutions were studied using the rapid scratching technique under potentiostatic conditions. An experimental device was designed to record data at the rate of 20,000 points/s, with the rotating rate of the specimen at 3,000 rpm and a scratch scar length of about 4.6 mm to 4.8 mm. A new phenomenon was observed in that two peaks were seen rather than a continuous decay in the curve of current decay on scratched SS in MgCl2 solutions. Current decayed steeply to approximately passive current within about 2.5 ms to 3 ms after the diamond knife was moved away from the specimen. Current rose again for about 2 ms to 3 ms. This phenomenon was considered to represent the processes of adsorbed layer formation on the bare surface and transformation of the adsorbed layer into a passive film. Results were affected by the recording rate of experimental data, the specimen rotating rate, and the scratch scar length. The kinetics of passive film growth were shown empirically by i(t) = I0exp(−βt) with I0 and β being constants. Passive film growth was controlled by ion conduction in a strong electric field, as defined by i = A exp(BV/x).
Corrosion-Inhibitor Efficiency Control: Comparison by Means of Different Portable Corrosion Rate Meters
Authors: Martínez I. , Andrade C. , Rebolledo N. , Luo L. , De Schutter G. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Corrosion-inhibiting substances have been applied to suppress corrosion mainly on bare steel, but when corrosion is progressing, suppression can be achieved if anodic and cathodic reactions are avoided, which is not an easy objective, particularly if the bare metal is surrounded by concrete. In the present article, several corrosion inhibitors are studied to identify their inhibition efficiency in concrete. The percentage of reduction of the corrosion rate without and with inhibitor is named “inhibition efficiency.” This definition calls for the measurement of the corrosion rate and makes its measurement a must when studying corrosion-inhibiting substances. The most extended technique used for the corrosion rate quantification is based on the calculation of the polarization resistance, Rp. For the study presented in this article, several portable corrosion rate meters based on the Rp technique have been used. These equipment are needed for the evaluation of large structures and are able to confine the current in small areas or to determine the steel area affected by the signal for a correct corrosion rate calculation. A comparison among the different corrosion rate meters used for the inhibitor's efficiency has been done. This comparison has indicated that the corrosion rate meter with nonefficient confinement of the current is not able to detect clearly the passivation state.
Slip Casting of ZrB2–SiC Composite Aqueous Suspensions
Authors: Medri Valentina , Capiani Claudio , Gardini Davide 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSlip casting of concentrated aqueous suspensions was set up as forming technique for the production of crucibles from ZrB2–SiC composite powder. The dispersion effectiveness and the effect on the final microstructures of two commercial ammonium polyacrylates (Duramax D3005 and Dolapix PC33) used as dispersants were investigated. The first goal was pursued by evaluating the zeta potential of the powders in water at different concentrations of additives, while the second one was assessed by analyzing the microstructure. Duramax D3005 resulted more effective than Dolapix PC33 in electrostatically stabilize the suspensions. Correspondently, almost homogeneous microstructures and lower final porosity of the sintered crucibles were obtained with Duramax D3005, while ZrB2 layers on the vertical surfaces initially in contact with the plaster molds were observed using Dolapix PC33. Moreover, the use of this latter dispersant did not allow the preparation of thick crucible walls due to the sample rupture during the binders pyrolysis stage.