bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of genomic DNA for polymorphism detection in a non‐model highly polyploid crop plant
Authors: Bundock Peter C. , Casu Rosanne E. , Henry Robert J. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryLarge polyploid genomes of non‐model species remain challenging targets for DNA polymorphism discovery despite the increasing throughput and continued reductions in cost of sequencing with new technologies. For these species especially, there remains a requirement to enrich genomic DNA to discover polymorphisms in regions of interest because of large genome size and to provide the sequence depth to enable estimation of copy number. Various methods of enriching DNA have been utilised, but some recent methods enable the efficient sampling of large regions (e.g. the exome). We have utilised one of these methods, solution‐based hybridization (Agilent SureSelect), to capture regions of the genome of two sugarcane genotypes (one Saccharum officinarum and one Saccharum hybrid) based mainly on gene sequences from the close relative Sorghum bicolor. The capture probes span approximately 5.8 megabases (Mb). The enrichment over whole‐genome shotgun sequencing was 10–11‐fold for the two genotypes tested. This level of enrichment has important consequences for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a single lane of Illumina (Genome Analyzer) sequence reads. The detection of polymorphisms was enabled by the depth of sequence at or near probe sites and enabled the detection of 270 000–280 000 SNPs within each genotype from a single lane of sequence using stringent detection parameters. The SNPs were present in 13 000–16 000 targeted genes, which would enable mapping of a large number of these chosen genes. SNP validation from 454 sequencing and between‐genotype confirmations gave an 87%–91% validation rate.
Evaluation of “The Incredible Years” in Sweden: The transferability of an American parent‐training program to Sweden
Authors: AXBERG ULF , BROBERG ANDERS G. 
Published: May 2012

Axberg, U. & Broberg, A. G. (2012). Evaluation of “The Incredible Years” in Sweden: The transferability of an American parent‐training program to Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 224–232.Structured parent training has been proven to be effective in reducing disruptive behavior problems (DBP) in children. Most of the programs that are used in Sweden have their origin in North America, and there is an ongoing debate over the transferability to Sweden of manual‐based programs developed in other contexts. The goal of the present study was to study effectiveness of the Incredible Years parent‐training program (IY), developed in the US, in regular clinical work in Sweden, using a randomized controlled design. Parents of 62 four to eight‐year‐old children diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder participated in the study. Parents of 38 children were assigned to parent training (PT) and 24 to a waiting list (WL). The results indicate that the IYS retains the positive effects on children’s disruptive behavior problems when translated and transferred to Swedish. There was a statistically significant difference in reduction of DBP in children between the groups in favor of the PT. The improvement in the PT group was sustained at the one‐year follow‐up. The improvement also, at least to some extent, generalized over time to the school context. There was also a statistically significant difference in mothers’ report of pre to post change in parenting alliance between the PT and WL groups. The IYS program was appreciated and well received by the participating mothers.
The Higher Education White Paper: The Good, the Bad, the Unspeakable – and the Next White Paper1
Authors: Barr Nicholas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article argues that reforms of higher education finance for undergraduates in England introduced by the Blair government in 2006 provided a progressive strategy for achieving the central objectives of higher education of quality (better), access (wider) and size (larger). Reforms in 2012 are a not a strategy but a collection of ad hoc arrangements. They include the good (a higher fees cap, a higher interest rate on student loans, better information and improved support for part‐time study), the bad (abolishing most taxpayer support for teaching in the arts and humanities and the social sciences, and raising excessively the threshold at which loan repayments start) and the unspeakable (abolishing Education Maintenance Allowances and AimHigher). The reforms are fiscally costly and hence perpetuate the central problem of capped student numbers, and will not stand the test of time. The concluding section outlines the next White Paper.
Governing Interest Groups and Rent Dissipation
Authors: EPSTEIN GIL S. , MEALEM YOSEF 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn a contest of group‐specific public goods we consider the effect that managing an interest group has on the rent dissipation and the total expected payoffs of the contest. While in the first group there is a central planner determining its members’ expenditure in the contest, in the second group there are two different possibilities: either all the members are governed by a central planner or they are not. We consider both types of contests: an all‐pay auction and a Logit contest success function. We show that while governing an interest group decreases free‐riding, it may as well decrease the rent dissipation; at the same time the expected payoffs of the groups may also decrease.
Fluorescent and ultraviolet sexual dichromatism in the blue‐winged parrotlet
Authors: Barreira A. S. , Lagorio M. G. , Lijtmaer D. A. , Lougheed S. C. , Tubaro P. L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe presence of sexual differences in plumage coloration (sexual dichromatism) is frequent in birds. However, in many cases, humans cannot detect colour differences that are discernible to birds and it is therefore necessary to employ objective methods that contemplate the characteristics of the avian visual system for the study of plumage coloration. An understudied property of feather coloration is the occurrence of fluorescence, which has been described almost exclusively in parrots from the Eastern Hemisphere using non‐objective methods and has been attributed to yellow pigments that are only present in psittacids. In this study, we explore fluorescence and sexual dichromatism through objective and quantitative methods in the plumage of a Neotropical species, the blue‐winged parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius. We measured plumage reflectance and fluorescence emission on museum skins using spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry, respectively. The reflectance analysis revealed the presence of ultraviolet sexual dichromatism that adds to the differences in the visible range of wavelengths that are detectable by humans. The spectrofluorometric analysis showed that fluorescence is indeed present in this species, both in green plumage patches, where fluorescent pigments are presumably located, and in the blue rump of males, where colour is considered to be purely structurally based. The sexes differed in the intensity and wavelength of their fluorescence emission, representing the first finding of fluorescence sexual dichromatism in birds.
Factors influencing the timing of spring migration in common toads (Bufo bufo)
Authors: Arnfield H. , Grant R. , Monk C. , Uller T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe analysed 12 years of data on the spring migration of the common toad Bufo bufo L. to breeding ponds across 25 locations in Derbyshire, UK, to determine factors influencing the number of toads active per night. We also tested whether the timing of spring migration is predicted by annual variation in temperature or precipitation. More toads migrate in warmer temperatures and as the moon waxes, whereas precipitation did not have a significant effect on toad activity. Across years, spring migration begins earlier in warmer years, but the main migration of toads was not predicted by air temperatures before the onset of the breeding season. Contrary to the majority of studies of amphibian breeding phenology, there has been a temporal shift towards later timing of breeding over the past 12 years. Overall, comparison of our results with that of previous studies suggests that it can be difficult to generalize about the factors that influence breeding phenology, even within species. However, as more studies accumulate, it should be possible to address whether variation in breeding phenology is consistently linked to geographic variation in abiotic conditions or species biology, which will help to evaluate its consequences under climate change.
(Re)framing identity claims: European and state institutions as opportunity windows for group reinforcement
Authors: Dembinska Magdalena 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHow do we account for the reinforcement of identity particularisms despite transnational integration? This paper addresses the question by comparing two ethnolinguistic groups, Silesians and Kashubs in Poland. It is argued that in order to obtain state protection and tools to develop and survive, ethnic entrepreneurs adjust to institutions and discourses. Census politics, state laws' elaboration, transnational institutions represent openings to which groups adjust by reframing identity claims. In doing so, they re‐imagine and reinforce their communities. Following Rogers Brubaker, group‐making is presented as an eventful process where ethnic elites invest identity categories with groupness by taking advantage of opportunity windows at hand. Further, tracing changing political opportunities, strategic adjustments and groups' boomerang effect bid, the paper embeds identity groups within the social movement literature.
The effect of low vision rehabilitation in diabetic eye disease: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Dunbar Hannah MP , Crossland Michael D , Bunce Catey , Egan Catherine , Rubin Gary S 
Published: May 2012

Citation information: Dunbar HMP, Crossland MD, Bunce C, Egan C & Rubin GS. The effect of low vision rehabilitation in diabetic eye disease: a randomised controlled trial protocol. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 282–293. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2012.00914.xAbstractPurpose:  Current research highlights a rising incidence of diabetes and its complications. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness within the working‐age population of the United Kingdom. Increasing severity of retinopathy is associated with reduced visual function and participation in daily living. Only 8% of those referred to Moorfields Eye Hospital’s low vision clinic have diabetic eye disease, a value less than prevalence figures for diabetes would predict. The lack of evidence for effectiveness of low vision intervention in this patient group could be responsible. Therefore, in line with CONSORT guidance, we present the methodology of the first randomised controlled trial to quantify the effect of low vision rehabilitation on people with diabetic eye disease.Methods:  One hundred participants were recruited into four retinopathy severity groups based on their diagnosis according to the English National Screening Programme Grading Protocol. Participants were randomised to either immediate intervention (1–2 weeks after enrolment) or delayed (control) intervention (3 months after enrolment). Intervention was a standard low vision assessment performed in a hospital clinic. The Activity Inventory (AI), was administered to all participants by telephone within 1 week of enrolment (before any intervention) and repeated at 3 and 6 months.Results:  One hundred participants (Type 1: 28, Type 2: 72; male: 62, female 38) have been recruited. Median habitual distance acuity was 0.19 logMAR (6/9, 20/30), with an interquartile range of 0.06–0.30 logMAR (6/7.5–6/12, 20/25–20/40). AI responses were scored by Rasch analysis, providing a measure of visual ability. Median baseline visual ability was 1.64 logits, with an interquartile range of 0.60–3.75 logits. Difference in mean change in visual ability between intervention groups will be assessed 3 months (primary outcome) and 6 months (secondary outcome) after enrolment.Conclusions:  This is the first randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of low vision rehabilitation for people with diabetic eye disease. With recruitment already complete, it is hoped this work will be the first step in guiding referral criteria for those with diabetic eye disease into the low vision service.
Comparison of ultrasound echo‐tracking technology and pulse wave velocity for measuring carotid elasticity among hemodialysis patients
Authors: Yu Ze‐Xing , Wang Xiang‐Zhu , Guo Rui‐Jun , Zhong Zao‐Xia , Zhou Yi‐Lun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the correlation between carotid elasticity in hemodialysis patients as evaluated by ultrasound echo‐tracking technology and aortic pulse wave velocity. A total of 103 patients with end‐stage renal disease who underwent stable hemodialysis were enrolled. An ultrasonic echo‐tracking method was used to evaluate the elastic modulus and the stiffness index (β), which were compared with pulse wave velocity (PWV). Blood glucose, blood lipids, and serum creatinine were also tested. These indices were analyzed to determine the independent factor for arterial elasticity. The carotid elastic modulus and β were in good correlation with PWV among hemodialysis patients (P = 0.000). Diabetes and age are independent risk factors for arterial elasticity among hemodialysis patients. Ultrasound echo‐tracking technology is a sensitive and accurate method for evaluating arterial elasticity and is a good alternative to traditional PWV.
Cuba's “Equity without Growth” Dilemma and the 2011 Lineamientos
Authors: Corrales Javier 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCuba faces a development dilemma: it promotes equity and human capital while failing to deliver economic growth. For the government, the country's equity and human capital achievements are a source of pride, a sign that its priorities are right. This essay argues instead that this “equity without growth” dilemma is a sign of malaise. Theory and evidence suggest that high levels of equity and human capital should produce high levels of economic growth. Because growth is often weak or negative, some onerous barriers to development must be present. These barriers, it is argued, are restrictions on property and political rights. By comparing Cuba and China across two sectors, the bicycle industry and Internet access, this article shows how these restrictions have hindered growth. It also assesses how Cuba's latest economic reforms, the so-calledLineamientos, will address Cuba's development dilemma. The impact may be minimal, but perhaps more lasting than previous reforms.
Phylogeny of the Order Tintinnida (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) Inferred from Small‐ and Large‐Subunit rRNA Genes
Authors: Santoferrara Luciana F. , McManus George B. , Alder Viviana A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractConcatenated sequences of small‐ and large‐subunit rRNA genes were used to infer the phylogeny of 29 species in six genera of Tintinnida. We confirmed previous results on the positions of major clusters and the grouping of various genera, including Stenosemella, the paraphyletic Tintinnopsis, the newly investigated Helicostomella, and some species of the polyphyletic Favella. Tintinnidium and Eutintinnus were found to be monophyletic. This study contributes to tintinnid phylogenetic reconstruction by increasing both the number of species and the range of genetic markers analyzed.
Anxiety as a marker of severity in acute mania
Authors: González‐Pinto A. , Galán J. , Martín‐Carrasco M. , Ballesteros J. , Maurino J. , Vieta E. 
Published: May 2012

González‐Pinto A, Galán J, Martín‐Carrasco M, Ballesteros J, Maurino J, Vieta E. Anxiety as a marker of severity in acute mania.Objective:  Anxiety has scarcely been studied in acute mania. The aim of this study was to assess anxiety symptoms during manic episodes and their impact on clinical outcomes.Method:  Observational, cross‐sectional multicentre study. Anxiety was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed using the HARS score as the dependent variable.Results:  Two hundred and forty‐two patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute manic episode according to DSM‐IV TR criteria and a Young Mania Rating Scale >20 were analysed. Mean age was 43 years (SD = 11.9) and 57% were women. Forty‐six per cent of patients (n = 104) presented moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (HARS score >14). Anxiety was significantly associated with severity of manic symptoms (P < 0.0001). Patients with anxiety had 20% longer hospitalizations (mean 21 days, CI95% 19.7–23.7).Conclusion:  An association of anxiety symptoms with greater severity in acute mania was demonstrated. The close relationship between anxiety and manic symptoms highlights the need for greater clinical attention to anxiety in this population. Further studies are necessary to determine whether effective treatment of anxiety symptoms could improve clinical and care outcomes.
Diagnostic accuracy in virtual dermatopathology
Authors: Mooney Ellen , Kempf Werner , Jemec Gregor B. E. , Koch Laine , Hood Antoinette 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundVirtual microscopy is used for teaching medical students and residents and for in‐training and certification examinations in the United States. However, no existing studies compare diagnostic accuracy using virtual slides and photomicrographs. The objective of this study was to compare diagnostic accuracy of dermatopathologists and pathologists using photomicrographs vs. digitized images, through a self‐assessment examination, and to elucidate assessment of virtual dermatopathology.MethodsForty‐five dermatopathologists and pathologists received a randomized combination of 15 virtual slides and photomicrographs with corresponding clinical photographs and information in a self‐assessment examination format. Descriptive data analysis and comparison of groups were performed using a chi‐square test.ResultsDiagnostic accuracy in dermatopathology using virtual dermatopathology or photomicrographs was similar: 0.70 vs. 0.73 respectively, p = 0.465. Order of administration of virtual dermatopathology and photomicrographs did not affect diagnostic accuracy. The vast majority (93%) of the participants felt the virtual slides were adequate for diagnosis and that virtual dermatopathology represented a useful tool for learning; 90% felt that virtual dermatopathology is useful tool for teaching dermatopathology.ConclusionNo significant difference was observed in diagnostic accuracy using virtual dermatopathology compared to photomicrographs. Most participants felt virtual dermatopathology was adequate for diagnostic purposes and a useful tool for learning and teaching dermatopathology.
Low‐risk identification in multiple myeloma using a new 14‐gene model
Authors: Chen Tiehua , Berno Tamara , Zangari Maurizio 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIdentifying the best gene expression pattern associated with low‐risk disease in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) is important to direct clinical treatments. The MM Survival Index14 (MMSI14) was developed from GEP data sets of 22 normal plasma cells (NPC), 5 MM cell lines (MMCL), 44 monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and 351 newly diagnosed MM patients. R/bioconductor and siggenes package were used to obtain heatmap, boxplot and histogram whose results were then analyzed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Fourteen genes associated with low‐risk disease in MM were identified. We validated the disease prognostic power of MMSI14 with an independent data set of other 214 newly diagnosed MM patients and also compared our model with the 70‐gene, the 8‐subgroup, IFM15, and HMCLs7 models. Survival analysis showed that a low MMSI14 signature was associated with longer survival. Applying MMSI14 to independent data sets, we were able to classify 39% of patients as low‐risk, with a survival probability of more than 90% at 60 months. Multiple clinical parameters confirmed significant correlation between low‐ and high‐risk subgroups defined by MMSI14. Comparing previously published models to the same data sets the MMSI14 model retained the best prognostic value. We have developed a new gene model (MMSI14) for defining low‐risk, newly diagnosed MM. The multivariate comparative analysis confirmed that MMSI14 is the best available model to predict clinical outcome in MM patients.
First record of family Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea) from South Korea with three recognized species
Authors: Kim Chang‐Jun , Lee Jong‐Wook 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFoenatopus ruficollis (Enderlein, 1913), Parastephanellus matsumotoi van Achterberg, 2006 and Schlettererius determinatorius Madl, 1991 of the family Stephanidae, are reported for the first time in South Korea. The superfamily Stephanoidea is also new to South Korea. A key to the species, diagnosis and photographs of diagnostic characters are provided.
The Olympic Games in the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: RADFORD PETER 
Published: May 2012

Abstract‘Olimpick Games’ were held in the Cotswolds annually throughout the eighteenth century. They were never merely local festivities, and were well known by people who might not normally have paid attention to sport, partly because of their royal support and partly because they drew on a belief that sporting festivals were expressions of Englishness, as old as the nation itself and as important to it as was sport to the ancient Greeks. Other events were also given the name ‘Olympic’, which became the way to describe many well‐organised sporting events in England, and this had an influence on the modern Olympic movement.
Gilbert West's Dissertation on the Olympick Games (1749): ‘Established upon great Political Views’
Authors: ZEBROWSKI MARTHA K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGilbert West's Dissertation on the Olympick Games is the first modern history of the ancient games. The Dissertation incorporates a bibliographic essay, historical conjecture and narrative, and descriptions of the venue, athletes and events at Olympia. West considered the ancient games a political institution foremost, and demonstrated the importance of seeing the games as an elemental institution embedded in and revealing of the larger political culture of ancient Greece. With the Dissertation, West joined British Classical scholars, translators and literary figures who found in ancient Greek liberty, virtue and patriotic valour models for the British nation in the eighteenth century.