bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of regulated releases on periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities: The dynamic relationship between hydrology and geomorphology in frequently flooded rivers.
Authors: Fuller R. L. , Doyle S. , Levy L. , Owens J. , Shope E. , Vo L. , Wolyniak E. , Small M. J. , Doyle M. W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFlood‐type disturbances affect both periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities depending on their frequency, magnitude and duration, but some impacts can be mitigated by geomorphic constraints. We studied four rivers in the Adirondack Mountains; the Indian River experienced regulated flow releases creating bank‐full floods four times/week whereas other study sites provided a continuum of control conditions for comparison. We sampled periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities in each river along with channel hydrology, hydraulics and geomorphology. Periphyton abundance varied seasonally and among rivers depending on nitrate concentrations and scour. Flow releases created a static mosaic of patches consisting of heavily scoured bed sediment in the thalweg (high shear stress areas—HSS) which had very low periphyton abundance; boulders and rocky shoals created low shear stress areas (LSS) supporting mats of filamentous algae. Macroinvertebrate densities were highest in HSS areas whereas LSS areas had lower macroinvertebrate densities that were more similar to reference rivers, although both LSS and HSS areas had the lowest species diversity and richness. Macroinvertebrate composition in HSS areas was dominated by filter‐feeders, whereas LSS areas had more gatherers and scrapers. While all rivers had high boulder densities, the Indian River could be considered geomorphically moribund—its substrate was immobile and the channel experienced no adjustments in spite of high flood frequencies. These physical characteristics help mitigate the severe hydrologic conditions that releases create because the static mosaic of low and HSS patches allow certain macroinvertebrates adapted to this level of disturbance to persist. This static mosaic is different from the shifting mosaic pattern often observed in streams following flood‐type disturbances. Geomorphically moribund rivers may lack ecological sensitivity to hydrologic disturbances, and decisions to limit flow modification (e.g. recreational flow releases, hydropower generation) should consider whether assumed ecological impacts are likely to occur given local geomorphic conditions and constraints. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large wood aids spawning Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in marginal habitat on a regulated river in California
Authors: Senter A. E. , Pasternack G. B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo determine whether large wood (LW, ≥1‐m length, ≥10‐cm diameter) plays a role in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd (i.e. egg nest) placements in a regulated, Mediterranean‐climate, medium‐sized river (where channel width is less than the upper quartile of length of potential instream wood pieces), characteristics of 527 large wood pieces, locations of 650 redds, and mesohabitat delineations (riffle, run, glide, pool) were collected during a spawning season along a 7.7 km reach directly below Camanche Dam on the Mokelumne River, CA. LW was regularly distributed across the study reach an average 70 LW pieces km‐1. Some LW clustering was evident at islands and meander bends. Spawners built 85% of redds within one average channel width (31 m) of LW. Spawners utilized LW within a 10 m radius 36% of the time in the upper 3 km rehabilitated reach, and 44% of the time in the lower 4.7 km marginal habitat reach. A greater percentage of LW was utilized in riffles in the upper 3 km reach where 90% of redds were built, while a larger percentage of spawners used LW in riffles in the lower 4.7 km reach. LW‐redd interactions occurred at greater rates than by random chance alone in the lower 4.7 km reach, which implies that LW aids spawning in marginal habitats. River managers and salmonid spawning habitat rehabilitation (SHR) projects should take LW additions into consideration as an important component of river rehabilitation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Worst‐case execution time analysis for a Java processor
Authors: Schoeberl Martin , Puffitsch Wolfgang , Pedersen Rasmus Ulslev , Huber Benedikt 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a solution for a worst‐case execution time (WCET) analyzable Java system: a combination of a time‐predictable Java processor and a tool that performs WCET analysis at Java bytecode level. We present a Java processor, called JOP, designed for time‐predictable execution of real‐time tasks. The execution time of bytecodes, the instructions of the Java virtual machine, is known to cycle accuracy for JOP. Therefore, JOP simplifies the low‐level WCET analysis. A method cache, which fills whole Java methods into the cache, simplifies cache analysis. The WCET analysis tool is based on integer linear programming. The tool performs the low‐level analysis at the bytecode level and integrates the method cache analysis. An integrated data‐flow analysis performs receiver‐type analysis for dynamic method dispatches and loop‐bound analysis. Furthermore, a model checking approach to WCET analysis is presented where the method cache can be exactly simulated. The combination of the time‐predictable Java processor and the WCET analysis tool is evaluated with standard WCET benchmarks and three real‐time applications. The WCET friendly architecture of JOP and the integrated method cache analysis yield tight WCET bounds. Comparing the exact, but expensive, model checking‐based analysis of the method cache with the static approach demonstrates that the static approximation of the method cache is sufficiently tight for practical purposes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refutation of Kira & van Eijnatten's critique of the Emery's open systems theory
Authors: Emery Merrelyn 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper refutes the paper “Socially sustainable work organizations: a chaordic systems approach” by Mari Kira & Frans van Eijnatten. These authors make some serious criticisms of sociotechnical systems theory but in so doing misrepresent the work of Fred and Merrelyn Emery, two of the main developers of sociotechnical systems and open systems theory more generally. Each of their criticisms is contrasted with the original work of the Emerys and their colleagues. Kira & van Eijnatten also claim that sociotechnical systems theory and practice cannot achieve many of the great benefits to be expected from their own chaordic approach. Again the abundant evidence shows that their claims and criticisms lack credibility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizations and magnetic properties of magnetic cross‐linked high amylose cornstarch
Authors: Hu Fei , Qiu Liping , He Yanke , Wen Qibiao 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to study the characterizations and magnetic properties of magnetic cross‐linked high amylose cornstarch synthesized by different processes, and then obtain the adequate magnetic biological material for wide applications. The iron oxides were bound to the polymer matrix via oxidation, co‐precipitation, and embedded processes, respectively. The obtained samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, and Guoy magnetic balance. Meanwhile, the influence of other relevant critical factors on magnetic effect, such as amylose content and modification method, was also revealed. The results indicated that all samples had introduced iron oxide particles into the matrix, which mainly present Fe3O4 particles inside co‐precipitation and embedded magnetic starch, and Fe2O3 particles inside the oxidation magnetic one. By comparison, oxidation magnetization method was preferable for preparation because magnetic particles had more uniform size and lesser breakage. On the other hand, superparamagnetic starch with nanometer grade (11.16−17.86 nm) could be produced. The magnetic susceptibility of products prepared by oxidation and co‐precipitation processes were both increased rapidly to maximum and then maintained stable with increasing iron content; while that of products synthesized by embedded method owned linear relationship between magnetic susceptibility and iron content. Magnetic cross‐linked starch containing 70% amylose had more advantages on magnetic susceptibility compared with those containing 50% amylose. And magnetic susceptibility got increased after cross‐linked cornstarch was carboxymethylated.
Chemometric analysis of cooked rice texture in relation to starch fine structure and leaching characteristics
Authors: Patindol James , Gu Xiaofang , Wang Ya‐Jane 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCluster, correlation, and multivariate regression analyses were used to rationalize the effects of grain composition, starch fine structure, and leaching characteristics on cooked rice texture (hardness and stickiness). The head rice grain composition of 23 U.S. long‐grain cultivars was evaluated in terms of apparent amylose content, crude protein, and surface lipids. Starch samples were prepared by extraction with dilute alkali and amylopectin fine structure was characterized by high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Hardness and stickiness of head rice samples cooked in optimum water were measured with a texture analyzer. The amylose–amylopectin ratio (AAR) of the material that leached out of the grains on cooking was evaluated by high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Simple correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses pointed to AAR as the main indicator of cooked rice hardness and stickiness. Cluster analysis showed that the leached starch from soft‐cooking, high‐amylose cultivars (e.g., Jodon and L‐202) generally had a higher proportion of amylopectin than amylose (AAR<1). In contrast, dry‐cooking, high‐amylose cultivars (e.g., Newrex and L‐205) leached out starch with a higher proportion of amylose than amylopectin (AAR>1) during cooking. The amount of leached materials itself was also higher for the soft‐cooking cultivars than the dry‐cooking counterparts. Cultivar differences in leaching characteristics were attributed to variations in apparent amylose content, crude protein, and amylopectin chain‐length distribution.
Organic catalyst for ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in bulk. Route to starch‐graft‐polycaprolactone
Authors: Najemi Loubna , Jeanmaire Thomas , Zerroukhi Amar , Raihane Mustapha 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe graft copolymers of starch with polycaprolactone (PCL) were prepared through ring opening polymerization of ε‐CL in bulk using N‐methylimidazole (NMI) as catalyst. The graft reaction was detected by FTIR, NMR, and the resultant starch‐g‐PCL copolymers were characterized by DSC, MEB, and XRD. Homopolymerization of CL monomer did not occur during the grafting polymerization and hydrophobicity of the resulting material was highlighted by solvent test and water contact angle measurement.
Characteristics of pores in native and hydrolyzed starch granules
Authors: Sujka Monika , Jamroz Jerzy 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLow‐temperature nitrogen adsorption and mercury porosimetry were applied for analyzing effect of α‐amylolysis upon the porosity of granules of native corn, wheat, rice, and potato starches. Specific surface area (SBET), porosity, pore size distribution, total pore area, and mean pore radius were determined for native and digested granules. It was found that native starch granules are macroporous materials with a small participation of mesopores. In the case of native starches, the highest value of SBET was obtained for rice starch (1.27 m2/g) and the lowest – for potato starch (0.14 m2/g). Pore size distribution curves obtained by nitrogen adsorption showed peaks in the range of diameters 2–3 nm (for all starches) and 100–200 nm (for corn and rice starches). After 60 min of enzyme action, surface area of all starches doubled in comparison to native ones. Arising of the new pores was also noted. The results of mercury porosimetry measurements showed that rice starch had the highest total area of pores and porosity but the lowest mean pore radius among all native starches. The pore size distribution curves for all starches exhibited solely one peak corresponding to the dominant group of pores of the radii in the range 0.5–8 µm, dependent on the starch source. There were also much smaller peaks situated within the range of 3–30 µm. After α‐amylolysis of corn and rice starches, the average radius of the dominant group of pores diminished. No substantial changes in the pore radii could be noted for potato starch.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells Homing and Renal Repair in Experimental Renovascular Disease
Authors: Chade Alejandro R. , Zhu Xiang-Yang , Krier James D. , Jordan Kyra L. , Textor Stephen C. , Grande Joseph P. , Lerman Amir , Lerman Lilach O. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Tissue injury triggers reparative processes that often involve endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) recruitment. We hypothesized that atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) activates homing signals that would be detectable in both the kidney and EPCs, and attenuated on renal repair using selective cell-based therapy. Pigs were treated with intrarenal autologous EPC after 6 weeks of ARAS. Four weeks later, expression of homing-related signals in EPC and kidney, single kidney function, microvascular (MV) density, and morphology were compared with untreated ARAS and normal control pigs (n = 7 each). Compared with normal EPC, EPC from ARAS pigs showed increased stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1, angiopoietin-1, Tie-2, and c-kit expression, but downregulation of erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor. The ARAS kidney released the c-kit-ligand stem cell factor, uric acid, and EPO, and upregulated integrin β2, suggesting activation of corresponding homing signaling. However, angiopoietin-1 and SDF-1/CXCR4 were not elevated. Administration of EPC into the stenotic kidney restored angiogenic activity, improved MV density, renal hemodynamics and function, decreased fibrosis and oxidative stress, and attenuated endogenous injury signals. The ARAS kidney releases specific homing signals corresponding to cognate receptors expressed by EPC. EPC show plasticity for organ-specific recruitment strategies, which are upregulated in early atherosclerosis. EPC are renoprotective as they attenuated renal dysfunction and damage in chronic ARAS, and consequently decreased the injury signals. Importantly, manipulation of homing signals may potentially allow therapeutic opportunities to increase endogenous EPC recruitment.
Unterdrückung des Defektwachstums
Authors: Kaulfuß Frank , Zimmer Otmar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractKlassische Hartstoffschichten, wie z. B. Metallnitride, ‐oxide oder hartamorphe Kohlenstoffschichten werden gewöhnlich in Schichtdicken bis ca. 10 μm angewendet.Die Herstellung solcher Schichten wird industriell sehr gut beherrscht, weshalb sie zum Verschleißschutz auf Werkzeugen und Komponenten eingesetzt werden.Die Herstellung dickerer Schichten (>10 μm) mit PVd‐Verfahren ist eine Herausforderung. Neben störenden Eigenspannungszuständen bilden sich bei dickeren Schichten oft inhomogene Schichtstrukturen aus, die durch Wachstumsdefekte oder eingelagerte Partikel hervorgerufen werden. Deren Bildung oder zumindest deren weiteres Wachstum muss beim Beschichtungsprozess verhindert werden. Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen geeigneten Lagenaufbau der Schichten oder durch eine optimierte Prozessführung erreicht werden. über eine nachträgliche Schleifbearbeitung dieser Schichten konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass sie für eine Strukturierung ausreichend homogen sind. Damit ergeben sich zahlreiche neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten.
Nicht‐thermische Plasmen zum Emissionsschutz
Authors: Brandenburg Ronny , Basner Ralf , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie Reduzierung der Schadstoffemission aus Abgasen und Abluft wird mehr und mehr zu einer existenziellen Aufgabe in der hochentwickelten Industriegesellschaft. In Folge der Wirkung auf die Luft, den Boden und die Gewässer beeinflussen Verunreinigungen die gesamte Umwelt und damit die menschliche Gesundheit. Aus diesem Grund unterliegen Umweltnormen und –standards einer ständigen Verschärfung seitens nationaler und internationaler Behörden. Möglichkeiten zur Eindämmung der Luftverschmutzung mit Hilfe von nichtthermischen Plasmen sind bereits gut bekannt. Plasmen enthalten aktive und äußerst reaktive Komponenten wie Elektronen, Ionen, Atome, Moleküle und Radikale, die Schadstoffmoleküle und Aerosole abbauen können. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zu den Möglichkeiten der Schadstoffbeseitigung mittels nichtthermischer Plasmen. Kommerziell verfügbare und nahezu kommerzialisierte plasmabasierende und plasmaunterstützte Prozesse zur Abgasbehandlung und Geruchsbeseitigung werden vorgestellt. Die gegenwärtigen Trends und Konzepte werden diskutiert.
Kolmogorov–Zurbenko filters
Authors: Yang Wei , Zurbenko Igor 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe reviewed the properties of the Kolmogorov–Zurbenko (KZ) filter and its extensions with applications in high resolution signal and image processing. The KZ filter is defined as an iteration of a moving average (MA) filter. The impulse response function of the KZ filter is a convolution of the rectangular window being used in a MA filter. Zero derivatives at the edges of the impulse response function make it a sharply declining function, providing high frequency resolution. The KZ Fourier transform (KZFT) is derived from the KZ filter by applying it to Fourier transform. Extensions of the KZ filter and the KZFT are demonstrated with examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Signal and Image Processing and Coding
Statistical methods in seismology
Authors: Anderson Dale N. , Shumway Robert H. , Blandford Robert R. , Taylor Steven R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOn July 16, 1945 the first nuclear weapon test (code named Trinity) began an evolution in warfare that led to the cold war where mutually assured destruction (MAD) prevented nuclear conflict between nations. The generation that fought the cold war understood the destructive power of a nuclear weapon—many had observed first hand the ruins of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. The modern nuclear weapon has the potential to kill over 1,000,000 people in seconds if detonated in a large metropolitan city. In contrast to the man‐made threat of nuclear weapons, there are an estimated 230,000 people dead or presumed so as a result of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Seismology is the core science in monitoring for nuclear weapon tests worldwide—an essential function in global efforts to eliminate nuclear weapons. Equally important, seismology provides the theory and methods to monitor and warn for natural threats such as the Indian Ocean tsunami. Today, many scientists continue research and development efforts to more effectively monitor natural seismic activity and eliminate nuclear weapons from the globe. This article reviews an important aspect of that research—mathematical statistics contributions to seismic monitoring with emphasis on underground nuclear weapon test monitoring. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Physics and Computational Geophysics
Systems biology of pro‐angiogenic therapies targeting the VEGF system
Authors: Mac Gabhann Feilim , Qutub Amina A. , Annex Brian H. , Popel Aleksander S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a family of cytokines for which the dysregulation of expression is involved in many diseases; for some, excess VEGF causes pathological hypervascularization, while for others VEGF‐induced vascular remodeling may alleviate ischemia and/or hypoxia. Anti‐angiogenic therapies attacking the VEGF pathway have begun to live up to their promise for treatment of certain cancers and of age‐related macular degeneration. However, the corollary is not yet true: in coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease, clinical trials of pro‐angiogenic VEGF delivery have not, so far, proven successful. The VEGF and VEGF‐receptor system is complex, with at least five ligand genes, some encoding multiple protein isoforms and five receptor genes. A systems biology approach for designing pro‐angiogenic therapies, using a combination of quantitative experimental approaches and detailed computational models, is essential to deal with this complexity and to understand the effects of drugs targeting the system. This approach allows us to learn from unsuccessful clinical trials and to design and test novel single therapeutics or combinations of therapeutics. Among the parameters that can be varied in order to determine optimal strategy are dosage, timing of multiple doses, route of administration, and the molecular target. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Recurrence and Treatment Pattern in Long‐Term Survivors with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comparison between Radiofrequency Ablation and Surgery as a First‐line Treatment
Authors: Kim Hyojin , Rhim Hyunchul , Choi Dongil , Lim Hyo K. , Kim Young‐sun , Lee Won Jae , Joh Jae Won 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe compare the recurrence and treatment pattern in long‐term survivors after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and surgery for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThis retrospective study included 121 patients who survived for more than 5 years [RFA (n = 61) vs. surgery (n = 60)]. All patients underwent follow‐up CT at a 3–4‐month interval after the first‐line treatment. The mean overall and disease‐free survival duration was analyzed. The pattern of recurrence and treatment modalities for recurrence was compared between the patients who received RFA or surgery.ResultsDisease‐free survivors were found in 30% (18/61) of the RFA group and 60% (36/60) of the surgery group, respectively (P = 0.001). The mean disease‐free survival duration were 35.4 months for the RFA group and 60.2 months for the surgery group, respectively (P = 0.018). Recurrence after initial treatment was more frequent in RFA group than for surgery group (mean number, 3.3 vs. 1.2; P = 0.000). There were no significant differences in the recurrence pattern and the treatment pattern for the recurrence between the both groups.ConclusionsSurgery is superior to RFA for the treatment of HCC in terms of disease‐free survival and frequency of recurrence, although the overall survival duration, pattern of recurrence, and treatment pattern were similar between the both groups.