bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of additional prophylactic oral antibiotics during mechanical bowel preparation on surgical site infection in patients receiving colorectal surgery
Authors: Lee Hayoung , Lee Jong Lyul , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Chan Wook , Yoon Yong Sik , Park In Ja , Lim Seok‐Byung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundProphylactic antibiotics (PAs) are standard for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) post‐colorectal surgery. This study aims to compare the effect of additional empiric oral antibiotics (OAs) alongside routine PAs to identify SSI risk factors.MethodsA retrospective observatory analysis was conducted from January 2019 to December 2022 at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. The cohort was divided into two groups: PA given 1 h before surgery and discontinued within 24 h, and OA administered empiric OAs during mechanical bowel preparation in addition to PA.ResultsFrom a total of 6736 patients, 3482 were in the PA group and 3254 in the OA group. SSI incidence showed no significant intergroup difference (p = 0.374) even after propensity score matching (p = 0.338). The multivariable analysis revealed male sex [odds ratio (OR): 2.153, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.626–2.852, and p = 0.001], open surgery (OR: 3.335, 95% CI: 2.456–4.528, and p = 0.001), dirty wound (OR: 2.171, 95% CI: 1.256–3.754, and p = 0.006), and an operation time of more than 145 min (OR: 2.110, 95% CI: 1.324–3.365, and p = 0.002) as SSI risk factors. In rectal surgery subgroup, OA demonstrated a protective effect against SSI (OR: 0.613, 95% CI: 0.408–0.922, and p = 0.019) and in laparoscopic approach (OR: 0.626, 95% CI: 0.412–0.952, and p = 0.028).ConclusionsOA did not affect SSI incidence in colorectal surgeries. Male sex, open surgery, dirty wounds, and longer operation time were risk factors for SSI. However, for rectal and laparoscopic surgery, OA was a protective factor for SSI.
The Francophone Postcolonial Thinkers and the Colonizer-Colonized Dialectic
Authors: Singh Kundan , Maheshwari Krishna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe invidious relationship between the colonizer and colonized is locked in a dialectical and reciprocal relationship. The history of colonization of non-European people by the Europeans reveals that the colonizer created a mythical representation of the colonized surrounding savagery, barbarity, uncouthness, and uncivilization to show themselves as civilized, noble, and refined. The intellectuals of the colonizing empire participated in the construction of this discourse, which essentially is racist. Francophone postcolonial thinkers like Aimé Césaire, Franz Fanon, and Albert Memmi have systematically unfolded the colonizer-colonized relationship. This chapter, beginning with their biographies, discusses their contentions to create a framework in which James Mill’s History of British India is critically evaluated in the subsequent two chapters.
Damaging Psychological Consequences of the Discourse
Authors: Singh Kundan , Maheshwari Krishna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHowever politically correct a racist discourse may be, it has negative consequences on the psyche of the people toward whom it is directed. Research has shown that children are most suspectable and vulnerable to racist discourse. When subjected to racist discourse, they develop an inferiority complex, resulting in low self-esteem and lack of self-worth. They build defense mechanisms to dissociate themselves from their ancestors’’ ethnicity, nationality, or culture. The sanitized and politically correct discourse of Mill in current school textbooks, which remains racist because of the history that it has inherited, has profound psychological and sociological consequences for Indian American children that this chapter comprehensively exposes.
Empirischer Zugang
Authors: Holztrattner Melanie 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund einer praxeologischen Analysefolie, welche einen Zugriff „auf die soziale Praxis des Pädagogischen bzw. pädagogischer Ordnungen“ (Schmidt, 2018, S. 9) bzw. einen Blick auf die (soziokulturelle) Praxis im Kontext von Arrangements von Praktiken ‚früher Kindheit(en)‘ (vgl. Honig, 2018, S. 204 ff) erlaubt, versteht sich die vorliegende Schrift als rekonstruktiv. Dieser Zugang fragt nach dem wie der Herstellung sozialer Praxis und ermöglicht, „denjenigen, die Gegenstand der Forschung sind, Gelegenheit [zu geben], ihre Konstruktionen und ihr kommunikatives Regelsystem zu entfalten“ (Bohnsack, 2010, S. 24). Das hierbei konstitutive Moment der Offenheit ermöglicht, dass „die Strukturierung der Kommunikation im Rahmen des für die Untersuchung relevanten Themas so weit wie möglich [den Beforschten] überlassen [werden kann], damit diese ihr Relevanzsystem und ihr kommunikatives Regelsystem entfalten können und auf diesem Wege die Unterschiede zum Relevanzsystem des Forschers überhaupt erst erkennbar werden“ (ebd., S. 21).
General hyperstability criteria for Jensen-type equations
Authors: Dăianu Dan M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe provide two large classes of control functions that ensure the hyperstability of Jensen-type equations on restricted domains. Among other consequences, we obtain improvements on similar results known in the literature for some Aoki–Rassias-type control functions and hyperstability results for some equations whose solutions are Jensen functions compounded with radical-type functions or with trigonometric functions.
NovoSorb® Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix: a novel approach for treatment of extremity avulsion injuries in children
Authors: Najem Safiullah , Fattouh Miriam , Wintges Kristofer , Schoof Benjamin , Koerner Merle , Reinshagen Konrad , Koenigs Ingo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In pediatric population, large soft tissue defects occur in avulsion injuries. In addition to the challenges of primary surgical therapy, elasticity, appearance and function of the scar in children are of crucial importance, especially in the context of body growth. So far various flaps, plasties, skin grafts and dermal substitutes have become established, although infections and skin shrinkage remain challenging. In 2020, a new skin substitute material—NovoSorb® Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix (BTM)—was introduced in Europe for temporary wound closure and tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of BTM in pediatric patients.

Methods
The study included all children treated with BTM after traumatic soft tissue defects following limb avulsion injuries between June 2021 and June 2023 at a university hospital.

Results
7 patients with limb avulsion injuries were treated with BTM, 4 boys, 3 girls. Mean age was 6.5 years (2–11 years) at the time of BTM placement. 4/7 had concomitant fractures. BTM was used successfully in all cases, infection did not occur, skin shrinkage was seen in one case. Split thickness skin graft (STSG) after BTM application was performed in average after 33 days (26 to 39 days). Limitations of this study were highlighted.

Conclusion
BTM is a promising alternative for reconstruction of complex trauma extremity wounds in children following avulsion injuries, even in cases of concomitant bone injuries. Interpretation may be limited by sample size.
Die Schwangere mit COVID-19-ARDS auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Kalbhenn J. , Marx O. , Müller-Peltzer K. , Kunze M. , Bürkle H. , Bansbach J. 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Schwangere mit einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion (COVID-19) haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für einen schweren Verlauf der COVID-19. Die medizinische und ethische Abwägung maternaler und fetaler Risiken und die Priorisierung von Therapieoptionen stellen eine große Herausforderung auf der Intensivstation dar. Eine enge interdisziplinäre Abstimmung ist unabdingbar.

Ziel der Arbeit
Beschreibung und Diskussion intensivmedizinischer Behandlungsstrategien und des perinatalen anästhesiologischen Managements bei Patientinnen mit COVID-19-ARDS (CARDS).

Material und Methoden
Analyse von demografischen Daten, Anamnese, klinischem Management, Komplikationen, Indikationen und Management der extrakorporalen Membranoxygenierung (ECMO) sowie des kindlichen Überlebens aller schwangeren Patientinnen, die zwischen März und November 2021 auf der anästhesiologischen Intensivstation eines deutschen Universitätsklinikums wegen eines schweren CARDS behandelt wurden.

Ergebnisse
Kohorte von 9 konsekutiven Patientinnen mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 30,3 Jahren (Min–Max: 26 bis 40 Jahre) und einem Schwangerschaftsalter von 21 + 3 bis 37 + 2 Wochen. Keine der Patientinnen war gegen SARS-CoV‑2 geimpft. Zwei Patientinnen mussten mit inhalativem Stickstoffmonoxid und venovenöser ECMO behandelt werden. Alle Frauen und 5 Neugeborene haben überlebt. Zwei Patientinnen wurden mit intakter Schwangerschaft nach Hause entlassen. Alle Kinder wurden durch einen Kaiserschnitt entbunden. Es wurden 2 intrauterine fetale Todesfälle beobachtet. Keines der Neugeborenen wurde bei der Geburt positiv auf SARS-CoV‑2 getestet.

Diskussion
Das peripartale Management erfordert eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und sollte in der Frühschwangerschaft vorrangig auf das mütterliche Überleben ausgerichtet sein. Die Bauchlagerung, ein wesentlicher, evidenzbasierter Eckpfeiler in der Therapie des akuten Atemnotsyndroms (ARDS), kann auch in fortgeschrittenen Schwangerschaftsstadien sicher angewendet werden. Inhalatives Stickstoffmonoxid (iNO) und extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung (ECMO) sollten als lebensrettende Behandlungsoptionen für sorgfältig ausgewählte Patientinnen in Betracht gezogen werden.
Discordance between mean glucose and time in range in relation to HbA1c in individuals with type 1 diabetes: results from the GOLD and SILVER trials
Authors: Sterner Isaksson Sofia , Imberg Henrik , Hirsch Irl B. , Schwarcz Erik , Hellman Jarl , Wijkman Magnus , Bolinder Jan , Nyström Thomas , Holmer Helene , Hallström Sara , Ólafsdóttir Arndís F. , Pekkari Sofia , Polonsky William , Lind Marcus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Previous studies have shown that individuals with similar mean glucose levels (MG) or percentage of time in range (TIR) may have different HbA1c values. The aim of this study was to further elucidate how MG and TIR are associated with HbA1c.

Methods
Data from the randomised clinical GOLD trial (n=144) and the follow-up SILVER trial (n=98) of adults with type 1 diabetes followed for 2.5 years were analysed. A total of 596 paired HbA1c/continuous glucose monitoring measurements were included. Linear mixed-effects models were used to account for intra-individual correlations in repeated-measures data.

Results
In the GOLD trial, the mean age of the participants (± SD) was 44±13 years, 63 (44%) were female, and the mean HbA1c (± SD) was 72±9.8 mmol/mol (8.7±0.9%). When correlating MG with HbA1c, MG explained 63% of the variation in HbA1c (r=0.79, p<0.001). The variation in HbA1c explained by MG increased to 88% (r=0.94, p value for improvement of fit <0.001) when accounting for person-to-person variation in the MG–HbA1c relationship. Time below range (TBR; <3.9 mmol/l), time above range (TAR) level 2 (>13.9 mmol/l) and glycaemic variability had little or no effect on the association. For a given MG and TIR, the HbA1c of 10% of individuals deviated by >8 mmol/mol (0.8%) from their estimated HbA1c based on the overall association between MG and TIR with HbA1c. TBR and TAR level 2 significantly influenced the association between TIR and HbA1c. At a given TIR, each 1% increase in TBR was related to a 0.6 mmol/mol lower HbA1c (95% CI 0.4, 0.9; p<0.001), and each 2% increase in TAR level 2 was related to a 0.4 mmol/mol higher HbA1c (95% CI 0.1, 0.6; p=0.003). However, neither TIR, TBR nor TAR level 2 were significantly associated with HbA1c when accounting for MG.

Conclusions/interpretation
Inter-individual variations exist between MG and HbA1c, as well as between TIR and HbA1c, with clinically important deviations in relatively large groups of individuals with type 1 diabetes. These results may provide important information to both healthcare providers and individuals with diabetes in terms of prognosis and when making diabetes management decisions.

Graphical Abstract
On the Brauer groups of fibrations
Authors: Qin Yanshuai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLet $${\mathcal {X}}\rightarrow C$$

X
→
C

be a flat k-morphism between smooth integral varieties over a finitely generated field k such that the generic fiber X is smooth, projective and geometrically connected. Assuming that C is a curve with function field K, we build a relation between the Tate-Shafarevich group of $$\textrm{Pic}^0_{X/K}$$

Pic

X
/
K

0

and the geometric Brauer groups of $${\mathcal {X}}$$
X
and X, generalizing a theorem of Artin and Grothendieck for fibered surfaces to higher relative dimensions.
Remarks on the existence of minimal models of log canonical generalized pairs
Authors: Tsakanikas Nikolaos , Xie Lingyao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven an NQC log canonical generalized pair $$(X,B+M)$$

(
X
,
B
+
M
)

whose underlying variety X is not necessarily $$\mathbb {Q}$$
Q
-factorial, we show that one may run a $$(K_X+B+M)$$

(

K
X

+
B
+
M
)

-MMP with scaling of an ample divisor which terminates, provided that $$(X,B+M)$$

(
X
,
B
+
M
)

has a minimal model in a weaker sense or that $$K_X+B+M$$

K
X

+
B
+
M

is not pseudo-effective. We also prove the existence of minimal models of pseudo-effective NQC log canonical generalized pairs under various additional assumptions, for instance when the boundary contains an ample divisor.
Intermediate dimensions under self-affine codings
Authors: Feng Zhou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntermediate dimensions were recently introduced by Falconer et al. (Math Z 296:813–830, 2020) to interpolate between the Hausdorff and box-counting dimensions. In this paper, we show that for every subset E of the symbolic space, the intermediate dimensions of the projections of E under typical self-affine coding maps are constant and given by formulas in terms of capacities. Moreover, we extend the results to the generalized intermediate dimensions introduced by Banaji (Monatsh Math 202: 465–506, 2023) in several settings, including the orthogonal projections in Euclidean spaces and the images of fractional Brownian motions.
Potential benefits of adipose–derived SVF and MSCs to regenerate damaged tissues from alloplastic synthetic materials
Authors: Zocchi Michele L. , Prantl Lukas , Oliinyk Dmytro , Knoedler Leonard , Siegmund Andreas , Ahmad Nura , Duscher Dominik , Larcher Lorenz , Raposio Edoardo , Pagani Andrea 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recent advancements in Plastic Surgery and Regenerative MedicineQuery have revolutionized tissue repair, remodeling, and regeneration. A promising approach involves Mesenchymal Stem cells and from the adipose–derived Stromal Vascular Fraction, aimed at improving tissue healing post the use of synthetic materials. This integration shows potential in mitigating adverse effects of synthetic materials like dermal fillers, offering new clinical interventions for tissue repair and regeneration. This article explores the benefits, complications, and applications of these technologies in Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Medicine, focusing on their mechanisms of action and future perspectives.
Level of evidence: Not ratable
Multiple relaxation mechanisms in SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramic tweaked by tin and samarium incorporation in assistance with single-step microwave sintering
Authors: Pritam Anurag , Bhattacharya Gourav , Sain Saurav , Shrivastava Vaibhav , Roy Susanta Sinha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNon-stoichiometric lead free polycrystalline Sr0.8Sn0.2Bi1.75Sm0.25Nb2O9 (SSBSN) ferroelectric ceramics were synthesized through conventional solid step route method by incorporating ball milling and microwave sintering method. X-ray diffraction along with the Rietveld refinement technique confirms the single-phase orthorhombic structure with A21 crystal symmetry. Additionally, the short-range ordering was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Doping induced crystallite size and strain were further calculated from the Williamson-Hall plot, which comes around 150 nm and 1.48 × 10–3 respectively. A plate like morphology with an average grain size of 0.41 μm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A diffuse type ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition was recorded at 395 °C, mostly arising due to structural heterogeneity at the inter-ferroelectric phase boundary. The temperature and frequency-dependent dielectric measurement of SSBSN ceramic reveal a Maxwell–Wagner relaxation, with prominent dielectric loss in a low frequency regime perhaps due to the generation of leakage current in the SSBSN system. Frequency dependent ac conductivity indicates the polaron assisted hopping mechanism in SSBSN, which further obeys Jonscher’s formulation. The intra and intergranular contributions to impedance in SSBSN ceramics were probed by the complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) technique. A non-Debye type relaxation mechanism in SSBSN ceramics was indicated by the Cole–Cole plot, whereas the conduction mechanism and transport properties were briefly studied using modulus spectroscopy.
Comparative analysis of combined spinal–epidural anesthesia and general anesthesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective study on surgical team and operating room personnel satisfaction
Authors: Bürlukkara Salih , Kabalak Afife Ayla , Ateş Alpay , Baran Özer , Aykaç Aykut , Özok Hakkı Uğur 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to investigate the efficacy and complications of combined spinalepidural anesthesia and general anesthesia in percutaneous stone surgery prospectively.

Materials and methods
The study prospectively included patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy with general anesthesia (Group.1) or combined spinal–epidural anesthesia (Group.2) at the Department of Urology, Training and Research Hospital, Karabuk University. between December 2018 and December 2019. The effect of the anesthesia technique on the comfort and satisfaction of the operating room personnel, surgeon and anesthesia team were prospectively evaluated and recorded.

Results
During the postoperative period, the spinal anesthesia group had a significantly lower visual analog score than the general anesthesia group. No patient in either group required narcotic analgesics during the postoperative period. In terms of overall satisfaction scores, the surgeon performing the surgical procedure had a significantly higher satisfaction score in the general anesthesia group than in the CSEA group. The score was considered good in the general anesthesia group and moderate in the CSEA group. Personnel satisfaction was higher in the patient group that underwent CSEA. In the general anesthesia group, the score was considered to be average. In the CSEA group, the satisfaction score was considered good, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The anesthesia team’s satisfaction score was moderate, with no significant difference between the CSEA and general anesthesia groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
PCNL under CSEA can be performed safely in certain individuals. Different anesthetic techniques may have varied levels of satisfaction among the surgical team.
Melt strain hardening of polymeric systems filled with solid particles: review and supplementary experimental results
Authors: Münstedt Helmut 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMelt strain hardening is an interesting characteristic property of the elongational flow of polymers. While strain hardening of many unmodified polymer melts has been widely discussed, a comprehensive presentation of the influence of particles on this property is missing. Using literature data and own measurements, the effects of solid particles of various geometries are compared. Micro-sized particles generally reduce melt strain hardening and may even lead to strain thinning. This behavior is postulated to be due to shear flow components around the particles and resulting shear thinning of the polymer matrices that reduces the resistance to flow. More complex is the influence of nano-sized fillers and layered silicate nanoparticles, in particular. Weakly exfoliated particles show effects similar to micro-fillers, but for strongly exfoliated silicates distinct strain hardening is observed that increases with decreasing elongational rate. This behavior is particularly pronounced for polymers modified with maleic anhydrides and thought to be related to electrostatic forces between exfoliated platelets of the silicates and polymer molecules hindering molecular motions.
Association of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein with progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rosenstein Igal , Nordin Anna , Sabir Hemin , Malmeström Clas , Blennow Kaj , Axelsson Markus , Novakova Lenka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
Insidious disability worsening is a common feature in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Many patients experience progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) despite being treated with high efficacy disease-modifying therapies. We prospectively investigated associations of body-fluid and imaging biomarkers with PIRA.

Methods
Patients with early RRMS (n = 104) were prospectively included and followed up for 60 months. All patients were newly diagnosed and previously untreated. PIRA was defined using a composite score including the expanded disability status scale, 9-hole peg test, timed 25 foot walk test, and the symbol digit modalities test. Eleven body fluid and imaging biomarkers were determined at baseline and levels of serum neurofilament light (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) were also measured annually thereafter. Association of baseline biomarkers with PIRA was investigated in multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for clinical and demographic confounding factors. Longitudinal serum biomarker dynamics were investigated in mixed effects models.

Results
Only sGFAP was significantly higher in PIRA at baseline (median [IQR] 73.9 [60.9–110.1] vs. 60.3 [45.2–79.9], p = 0.01). A cut-off of sGFAP > 65 pg/mL resulted in a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 61%, to detect patients at higher risk of PIRA. In a multivariable logistic regression, sGFAP > 65 pg/mL was associated with higher odds of developing PIRA (odds ratio 4.3, 95% CI 1.44–12.86, p = 0.009). Repeated measures of sGFAP levels showed that patients with PIRA during follow-up had higher levels of sGFAP along the whole follow-up compared to stable patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Determination of sGFAP at baseline and follow-up may be useful in capturing disability accrual independent of relapse activity in early RRMS.