bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in the Study of Fetal Development: From Descriptive to Dynamic Embryology
Authors: Shiota Kohei 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Remarkable advances in medical imaging are facilitating the morphological study of early human prenatal development as well as the clinical assessment of normal and abnormal development during gestation. Classical descriptive embryology has been transformed into dynamic embryology and the interaction between basic embryology and clinical medicine is becoming more and more intimate. This paper describes an overview of the advances in the study of human embryonic and fetal development with special emphasis on the recent progress in embryo imaging.

How to cite this article
Shiota K. Advances in the Study of Fetal Development–From Descriptive to Dynamic Embryology. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(2):171-178.
Neonatal Aspects: Is There Continuity?
Authors: Stanojevic Milan 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTDuring the 9 months between conception and birth, the fetal brain is transformed from instructions in genes to a complex, highly differentiated organ. The human central nervous system (CNS) changes from a microscopic band of embryonic neuroblasts to a 350 gm mass with more than 109 interconnected highly differentiated neurons in the cortex alone. How this extraordinary growth results in sensomotor, cognitive, affective and behavioral development is still unexplored. The development of voluntary, cognitive and purposive activity from fetal to neonatal period is to analyze the developmental transformations of the brain expressed by development of movement patterns from prenatal through postnatal period. As the development of the brain is unique and continuing process throughout the gestation and after birth, it is expected that there is also continuity of fetal to neonatal movements which are the best functional indicator of developmental processes of the brain. Concerning the complexity, voluntary control and stereotype, there are at least four groups of movements: Reflexes, fixed action patterns, rhythmic motor patterns, and directed movements. Substantial indications suggest that spontaneous activity is a more sensitive indicator of brain dysfunction than reactivity to sensory stimuli in reflex testing. It was proved that assessment of general movements in high-risk newborns has significantly higher predictive value for later neurological development than neurological examination.Nutritional stress at critical times during fetal development can have persistent and potentially irreversible effects on organ function. Impaired intrauterine growth and development may antecede insufficient postnatal growth. Thus, it may be a marker of impaired central nervous system integrity because of adverse intrauterine conditions. Unfavorable intrauterine environment can affect adversely fetal growth. There is an association between postnatal growth and neurodevelopmental outcome.Concerning the continuity from fetus to neonate in terms of neurobehavior, it could be concluded that fetus and neonate are the same persons in different environment. While in the womb, fetus is protected from the gravity which is not so important for its neurodevelopment, postnatally the neonate is exposed to the gravity during the labor and from the first moments of autonomous life. Development of motor control is highly dependent on antigravity forces enabling erect posture of infant or young child. These environmental differences should be kept on mind during prenatal as well as postnatal assessment.How to cite this articleStanojevic M. Neonatal Aspects: Is There Continuity? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(2):189-196.
Role of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Acute Pelvic Pain in Nonpregnant Reproductive Age Patients
Authors: Zafar Nadah 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
In an emergency setting pelvic ultrasound is the tool of choice for the evaluation of the patients presenting with acute pelvic pain. It has a high sensitivity and specificity for detection of pelvic pathology, low cost, widespread availability and lack of ionizing radiation. This article presents a variety of case scenarios regarding the nonpregnant female of reproductive age presenting with acute pelvic and lower abdominal pain. By using illustrative images, the reader will be able to differentiate between the most common causes of abdominal and/or pelvic pain and identify typical B-mode and color Doppler ultrasound findings and CT images that require immediate treatment, while minimizing the performance of unnecessary additional imaging and invasive procedures.

How to cite this article
Zafar N, Kupesic Plavsic S. Role of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Acute Pelvic Pain in Nonpregnant Reproductive Age Patients. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(2):207-217.
Effect of Three Different Mouthrinses on Microleakage of Composite Resin Restorations with Two Adhesive Systems after Bleaching with 10% Carbamide Peroxide
Authors: Kimyai Soodabeh , Oskoee Siavash Savadi , Ajami Amir Ahmad , Bahari Mahmoud , Kahnamoui Mehdi Abed , Rikhtegaran Sahand , Ghaffarian Rahim 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim was to evaluate the effects of Oral-B (OB), Listerine (LN) and Rembrandt Plus (RM) mouthrinses on microleakage of composite resin restorations bonded with two adhesive systems after bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide.

Materials and methods
A total of 60 Cl V cavities were prepared on human premolars. The occlusal and gingival margins were placed 1 mm occlusal to and apical to CEJ respectively. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups based on the adhesive system used: Excite (EX) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) groups. After composite resin restoration of cavities, thermocycling and bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide for 2 hours daily for 14 days, the teeth in each adhesive group were further subdivided into three subgroups and were immersed for 12 hours in the three OB, RM and LN mouthrinses. The teeth were then placed in 2% basic fuschin for 24 hours. After dissecting the teeth, microleakage was evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 16×. Data was analyzed with multifactor ANOVA and Bonferroni test at p < 0.05.

Results
Microleakage with EX was significantly higher than that with CSE (p = 0.009). Microleakage at gingival margins was significantly higher than that at occlusal margins (p = 0.15). Microleakage with OB was higher than that with LN (p = 0.02). However, there were no significant differences in microleakage between LN and RM (p = 1) and between RM and OB (p = 0.15). In addition, with the EX adhesive system, microleakage with OB was higher than that with LN and RM (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
In the present study, microleakage of composite resin restorations was influenced by the type of the adhesive system, mouthrinse type and the location of the cavity margin.

Clinical significance
Use of some mouthrinses, such as OB after bleaching can increase postrestoration microleakage of resin composite restorations bonded with etch-and-rinse adhesive systems.

How to cite this article
Ajami AA, Bahari M, Oskoee SS, Kimyai S, Kahnamoui MA, Rikhtegaran S, Ghaffarian R. Effect of Three Different Mouthrinses on Microleakage of Composite Resin Restorations with Two Adhesive Systems after Bleaching with 10% Carbamide Peroxide. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):16-22.
Alliance of Oral Hygiene Practices and Abrasion among Urban and Rural Residents of Central India
Authors: Deshpande Neeraj , Yadav Naveen S , Saxena Vrinda , Reddy Raghavendra , Kovvuru Suresh Kumar 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To attain alliance between the oral hygiene practices with prevalence of tooth abrasion among urban and rural adult population of Central India. To plan dental care services in inaccessible areas and to suggest appropriate remedial measures to prevent this avertable and self-inflicted injury of teeth in this cross-sectional study.

Materials and methods
A sum of 1045 adult residents both from Urban (529) and rural (516) parts of Bhopal district (Central India) was selected on a random basis. The multistage sampling technique was adopted to ascertain the sample size. In urban area the study population consisted of 240 males, 289 females and 201 males and 315 females in rural area respectively. All residents above 18 years of age from the Bhopal district were included in cross-sectional study. Assessment form comprises of questionnaire and general information on oral hygiene practices, dietary habits and medical history. Abrasion was assessed using diagnostic criteria recommended by Smith and Knight (modified). Chi- square test was used to test associations between categorical variables at 5% level of significance. Regression analysis attempted to define for risk factors causing abrasion. Literature on the prevalence of abrasion is very sparse, so attempt is made to correlate the etiological factors and recommend to prevent tooth wear.

Results
Investigation of this cross-sectional study was aggregate of 1045 residences. Result shows high prevalence of abrasion 70.2%. Higher prevalence concomitant with diffident habits related to oral hygiene maintenance was recorded more among rural (76.9%) when compared to urban dwellers (63.7%). Presence of abrasion verifies statistical significance in relation to age, ruralurban difference and variations in habit of oral hygiene care. Stated in the present study, avertable and self-inflicted is toothabrasion, recurrently resulted by the reprehensible brushing method and common use of indigenous material for the maintenance of oral hygiene.

Conclusion
Shows significant liaisons with the presence of abrasions in relation to Urban and rural dwelling, age, material used and mode of brushing and duration of brushing. Indigenous and course material causes high amount of enamel wear and with the advancement in age abrasion tend to increase. Prevalence of abrasion does not show any gender predilection. Cultural believes, lifestyle and transition reflects in deviating presence of abrasion in populations.

How to cite this article
Yadav NS, Saxena V, Reddy R, Deshpande N, Deshpande A, Kovvuru SK. Alliance of Oral Hygiene Practices and Abrasion Among Urban and Rural Residents of Central India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1): 55-60.
Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Essential Oils Against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Jawale Bhushan Arun , Chaudhari Lalit Kumar D , Sharma Sheeba , Kumar CD Mounesh , Kulkarni Pooja Adwait 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Many essential oils have been advocated for use in complementary medicine for bacterial and fungal infections. However, few of the many claims of therapeutic efficacy have been validated adequately by either in vitro testing or in vivo clinical trials.

Objective
To study the antibacterial activity of nine commercially available essential oils against Streptococcus mutans in vitro and to compare the antibacterial activity between each material.

Methodology
Nine pure essential oils; wintergreen oil, lime oil, cinnamon oil, spearmint oil, peppermint oil, lemongrass oil, cedarwood oil, clove oil and eucalyptus oil were selected for the study. Streptococcus mutans was inoculated at 37°C and seeded on blood agar medium. Agar well diffusion assay was used to measure antibacterial activity. Zone of inhibition was measured around the filter paper in millimeters with vernier caliper.

Results
Cinnamon oil showed highest activity against Streptococcus mutans followed by lemongrass oil and cedarwood oil. Wintergreen oil, lime oil, peppermint oil and spearmint oil showed no antibacterial activity.

Conclusion
Cinnamon oil, lemongrass oil, cedarwood oil, clove oil and eucalyptus oil exhibit antibacterial property against S. mutans.

Clinical significance
The use of these essential oils against S. mutans can be a viable alternative to other antibacterial agents as these are an effective module used in the control of both bacteria and yeasts responsible for oral infections.

How to cite this article
Chaudhari LKD, Jawale BA, Sharma S, Sharma H, Mounesh Kumar CD, Kulkarni PA. Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Essential Oils Against Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):71-74.
Mandibular Reconstruction using AO/ASIF Stainless Steel Reconstruction Plate: A Retrospective Study of 36 Cases
Authors: Reddy V Sridhar , Harsha G , Reddy S Ganesh Kumar , Talasila Sunil , Salaam S Abdus , Srinivasulu M 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The study was aimed at esthetic and functional results as well as patient tolerance after reconstruction with reconstruction plate. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 4 years.

Materials and methods
A retrospective study of 36 patients who had mandibular reconstruction with AO/ASIF stainless steel reconstruction plates after oncologic resection was evaluated. The indications and postoperative outcomes were studied.

Results
At the end of study, 24 of 36 patients (67%) still had the plate in place. Around three (8%) plates were fractured. Nine (25%) plates got exposed leading to surgical intervention. Surgical results were satisfying, particularly when looking at delayed healing or long-term tolerance. Esthetic (79% rated results as good or acceptable) and functional results of this reconstruction were satisfying.

Conclusion
We conclude by saying that reconstruction plate provides a solution for safe and rapid mandibular reconstruction for patients with poor prognosis or poor condition. This method also preserves the possibility of secondary reconstruction.

Clinical significance
The reconstruction plate may be a good clinical choice for safe and rapid mandibular reconstruction.

How to cite this article
Harsha G, Reddy SGK, Talasila S, Salaam SA, Srinivasulu M, Reddy VS. Mandibular Reconstruction using AO/ASIF Stainless Steel Reconstruction Plate: A Retrospective Study of 36 Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):75-79.
Dimensional Accuracy and Details of the Panoramic Cross-sectional Tomographic Images: An in vitro Study
Authors: Kumar M Ashwini , Mody Bharat , Nair Gopa Kumar R , Surender LR , Gopal S Sujatha , Prasad Ravi Varma KA 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionTransversal slicing system (TSS) of Planmeca PM 2002 CC is a tomographic technique which enables us to take cross-sectional views of jaws. Tomographic imaging modalities are commonly applied to acquire cross-sectional images of the jaws for preimplant assessment of bone. Among the available tomographic imaging modalities, panoramic radiography is the most accessible imaging system.Materials and methodsStudy was conducted using 25 mandibles, out of these five were used for linear dimensional accuracy measurement and the rest 20 were utilized to study the details within the mandible. Study was aimed to evaluate dimensional stability in the images using different parameters, such as determination of direction of slice, determination of horizontal and vertical magnification, angular distortion, threedimensional distortion and determination of details.ResultsFor the direction of slice and for determination of horizontal and vertical magnification change in + 5° to – 5° was in acceptable limit. In determination of details, it was found that there was great discrepancy in readings given by nonradiologist which offset the mean value which was attributed to lack of training for interpretation of the observers.Conclusion99% of the readings were in the clinically acceptable limits.Clinical significanceThe easy availability, use of routine equipment, the low cost, low radiation dose for cross-sectional radiography make the TSS most preferred modality.How to cite this articleKumar MA, Mody B, Nair GKR, Surender LR, Gopal SS, Prasad RVKA. Dimensional Accuracy and Details of the Panoramic Cross-sectional Tomographic Images: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):85-97.
Dental Education: Current Scenario and Future Trends
Authors: Tandon Piyush , Sharma Sheeba , Vijayaraghavan Vasantha , Kumar DRV , Rao Yogesh 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
India has more than 290 dental institutions, producing over 25,000 BDS graduates every year. There are three main characteristics that are shared by any profession. Delivering the best possible education to its students, giving priority to public service over self-interest and enforcing regulations and codes of ethics through self-government. Dentistry in India is currently being challenged to maintain the professionalism. This is partly a result of pressures applied to the educational system. This article discusses some challenges in brief and attempts to attend the challenges in positive manner.

How to cite this article
Sharma S, Vijayaraghavan V, Tandon P, Kumar DRV, Sharma H, Rao Y. Dental Education: Current Scenario and Future Trends. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):107-110.
Performance Optimization Program for the Business Community: Combining Executive Coaching and Biofeedback
Authors: Matte Richard , van Otterdijk Mia 
Published: May 2012

MATTE Consulting Group has been providing individual and organizational development services for the past 23 years. Two years ago, it was brought to our attention that many of our clients (executives) were looking for tools to better perform under stress. We conducted a thorough search to identify executive coaching programs that integrated biofeedback, as well as studies that demonstrated a return on investment for such programs in the business community. We concluded it was preferable to design our own program and determine, with the help of our long-standing clients, how to ensure its efficacy. We also developed our first MindRoom with the help of a leading biofeedback equipment manufacturer, Thought Technology. We have been successful in assisting numerous individuals as well as complete teams of executives in optimizing their performance. We are now building a business spa, and we will soon start group training (eight people at a time).
Enhancing Neuroplasticity to Improve Peak Performance
Authors: Srinivasan Nidamangala Srinivasa 
Published: May 2012

Peak performance appears to emerge from a brain that is both talented in the chosen profession and firmly established in higher values. To the extent one can remain anchored in the higher values of selflessness, peak performances can be maintained. The moment values degrade, even at the level of thoughts and feelings, performance is adversely affected. Higher values could be quantitatively measured in terms of applied neuroscience by sensorimotor rhythm values that appear at CPz (or above the default network in the brain). CPz refers to a location on the scalp, defined by the International 10–20 system, along the midline between central (Cz) and parietal (Pz) vertices. The higher the amplitude of SMR, the greater the self-regulation over one's own default network. This would amount to the individual's staying in a passive listening mode; this allows the real-time input from the environment to trigger action, rather than one's actions being skewed by one's own prerogatives. More critically, interpretations become more sensitive as resources dedicated to perceptions diminish. It has been empirically observed that as the SMR values increase (provided the Z-scores are largely within a normative database with respect to people performing at their peak), people gain regulation, control, and mastery over emotional, executive, and sensory quiescence, respectively. The individual Alpha frequency is also maintained above 8–9 µV in the eyes open condition and task condition, as one improves proficiency even over sensory quiescence. Wellness at the physical, emotional, and intellectual levels is accompanied by enhanced performance at each stage of sustainable growth.
Asymptotic rejection of nonvanishing disturbances despite plant–model mismatch
Authors: Mullhaupt Ph. , Valentinotti S. , Srinivasan B. , Bonvin D. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYA direct adaptive control methodology for the rejection of unmeasured nonvanishing disturbances is proposed. The approach uses the framework of polynomial RST controllers and relies on the internal model principle with additional degrees of freedom provided by the Q parametrization. The parameters of the Q polynomial are adapted using minimization of the closed‐loop output error. Asymptotic rejection of unmeasured nonvanishing disturbances is guaranteed under the assumption that the closed‐loop plant remains stable. A simulation example illustrates the theoretical developments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Responsive, Softening Neural Interfaces
Authors: Ware Taylor , Simon Dustin , Arreaga‐Salas David E. , Reeder Jonathan , Rennaker Robert , Keefer Edward W. , Voit Walter 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel processing method is described using photolithography to pattern thin‐film flexible electronics on shape memory polymer substrates with mechanical properties tailored to improve biocompatability and enhance adhesion between the polymer substrate and metal layers. Standard semiconductor wafer processing techniques are adapted to enable robust device design onto a variety of softening substrates with tunable moduli. The resulting devices are stiff enough (shear modulus of ≈700 MPa) to assist with device implantation and then soften in vivo (≈300 kPa) approaching the modulus of brain tissue (≈10 kPa) within 24 h. Acute in vivo studies demonstrate that these materials are capable of recording neural activity. Softening multi‐electrode arrays offer a highly customizable interface, which can be optimized to improve biocompatibility, enabling the development of robust, reliable neural electrodes for neural engineering and neuroscience.
Peptides as Targeting Elements and Tissue Penetration Devices for Nanoparticles
Authors: Ruoslahti Erkki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe use of nanoparticles in medicine (nanomedicine) has recently become an intensely studied field. Nanoparticles carrying drugs and imaging agents have already reached the clinic, but they are essentially passive delivery vehicles, not what are referred to as “smart” nanoparticles. An important function to add to make nanoparticles smarter is active homing to the target tissue. It makes nanoparticles accumulate in the target tissue at higher concentrations than would be the case without this feature, increasing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. This review discusses the recent developments in the nanoparticle targeting field with emphasis on peptides that home to vascular “zip codes” in target tissues and provide a tissue‐ and cell‐penetrating function.
Crop Production Contracts and Marketing Strategies: What Drives Their Use?
Authors: Franken Jason R.V. , Pennings Joost M. E. , Garcia Philip 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTNumerous crop marketing and risk management tools are available. Research relating producers’ risk attitudes to their use of these tools has produced mixed results, and most studies focus on individual tools, neglecting potential complementarities in information they provide. Little is known about the proportion in which individual tools are used, e.g., the percentage of the crop that is forward sold as opposed to hedged. This study identifies factors, including risk attitude, that impact the proportion of corn and soybean producers’ sales through spot markets, futures, and options, as well as forward and production contracts, and investigates contract complementarity and substitutability using survey and accounting data, and causal modeling.