bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic acids mitigate Streptococcus agalactiae virulence in Tilapia fish gut primary cells and in a gut infection model
Authors: Liliana Petculescu Ciochina , Dumitrescu Gabi , McCleery David , Pet Ioan , Iancu Tiberiu , Stef Lavinia , Corcionivoschi Nicolae , Balta Igori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Streptococcus agalactiae, a Gram-positive bacterium, has emerged as an important pathogen for the aquaculture industry worldwide, due to its increased induced mortality rates in cultured fish. Developing interventions to cure or prevent infections based on natural alternatives to antibiotics has become a priority, however, given the absence of scientific evidence regarding their mode of action progress has been slow.

Methods
In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of a mixture of organic acids (natural antimicrobials), AuraAqua (Aq), on the virulence of S. agalactiae using Tilapia gut primary epithelial cells and an in vitro Tilapia gut culture model. Our results show that Aq was able to reduce significantly, in vitro, the S. agalactiae levels of infection in Tilapia gut primary epithelial cells (TGP) when the MIC concentration of 0.125% was tested.

Results and discussion
At bacterial level, Aq was able to downregulate bacterial capsule polysaccharide (CPS) gene expression, capC, resulting in a significant decrease in bacterial surface capsule production. The decrease in CPS production was also associated with a reduction in the pro-inflammatory IFNγ, IL1β, TNFα, SOD and CAT gene expression and H2O2 production in the presence of 0.125% Aq (P < 0.0001). The antimicrobial mixture also reduced the levels of S. agalactiae infection in an in vitro gut culture model and significantly reduced the IFNγ, IL1β, TNFα, SOD, CAT gene expression and H2O2 production in infected tissue. Moreover, genes involved in Tilapia resistance to S. agalactiae induced disease, MCP-8 and Duo-1, were also downregulated by Aq, as a consequence of reduced bacterial levels of infection.

Conclusion
Conclusively, our study shows that mixtures of organic acids can be considered as potential alternative treatments to antibiotics and prevent S. agalactiae infection and inflammation in the Tilapia fish digestive tract.
Multi-armed bandit approach for mean field game-based resource allocation in NOMA networks
Authors: Benamor Amani , Habachi Oussama , Kammoun Inès , Cances Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFacing the exponential demand for massive connectivity and the scarcity of available resources, next-generation wireless networks have to meet very challenging performance targets. Particularly, the operators have to cope with the continuous prosperity of the Internet of things (IoT) along with the ever-increasing deployment of machine-type devices (MTDs). In this regard, due to its compelling benefits, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has sparked a significant interest as a sophisticated technology to address the above-mentioned challenges. In this paper, we consider a hybrid NOMA scenario, wherein the MTDs are divided into different groups, each of which is allocated an orthogonal resource block (RB) so that the members of each group share a given RB to simultaneously transmit their signals. Firstly, we model the densely deployed network using a mean field game (MFG) framework while taking into consideration the effect of the collective behavior of devices. Then, in order to reduce the complexity of the proposed technique, we apply the multi-armed bandit (MAB) framework to jointly address the resource allocation and the power control problem. Thereafter, we derive two distributed decision-making algorithms that enable the users to autonomously regulate their transmit power levels and self-organize into coalitions based on brief feedback received from the base station (BS). Simulation results are given to underline the equilibrium properties of the proposed resource allocation algorithms and to reveal the robustness of the proposed learning process.
On the hyperbolic nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Saut Jean-Claude , Wang Yuexun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHere, we consider here Hyperbolic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations (HNLS) that occur as asymptotic models in the modulational regime when the Hessian of the dispersion relation is not positive (or negative) definite. We review classical examples, well-known results, and main open questions.
The socio-economic issues of agroecology: a scoping review
Authors: Fiore Vincenzo , Borrello Massimiliano , Carlucci Domenico , Giannoccaro Giacomo , Russo Simone , Stempfle Sarah , Roselli Luigi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, agroecology has gained prominence as one of the innovative approaches to agriculture that could positively contribute to achieving sustainable food systems. As a transdisciplinary science, agroecology could benefit from the contribution of socio-economic sciences. This study aims to give an overview of how scholars have approached socio-economic issues in the field of agroecology. A scoping review was conducted by using the PRISMA-ScR method, searching both Scopus and Web of Sciences databases. The selected body of literature (183 articles) provides an overview of the key socio-economic dimensions analysed in the literature on agroecology and the results achieved by scholars. The findings allowed drawing the research gaps and the future research directions in this domain.
Organic matter degradation in the deep, sulfidic waters of the Black Sea: insights into the ecophysiology of novel anaerobic bacteria
Authors: Yadav Subhash , Koenen Michel , Bale Nicole J. , Reitsma Wietse , Engelmann Julia C. , Stefanova Kremena , Damsté Jaap S. Sinninghe , Villanueva Laura 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have reported the identity and functions of key anaerobes involved in the degradation of organic matter (OM) in deep (> 1000 m) sulfidic marine habitats. However, due to the lack of available isolates, detailed investigation of their physiology has been precluded. In this study, we cultivated and characterized the ecophysiology of a wide range of novel anaerobes potentially involved in OM degradation in deep (2000 m depth) sulfidic waters of the Black Sea.

Results
We have successfully cultivated a diverse group of novel anaerobes belonging to various phyla, including Fusobacteriota (strain S5), Bacillota (strains A1T and A2), Spirochaetota (strains M1T, M2, and S2), Bacteroidota (strains B1T, B2, S6, L6, SYP, and M2P), Cloacimonadota (Cloa-SY6), Planctomycetota (Plnct-SY6), Mycoplasmatota (Izemo-BS), Chloroflexota (Chflx-SY6), and Desulfobacterota (strains S3T and S3-i). These microorganisms were able to grow at an elevated hydrostatic pressure of up to 50 MPa.
Moreover, this study revealed that different anaerobes were specialized in degrading specific types of OM. Strains affiliated with the phyla Fusobacteriota, Bacillota, Planctomycetota, and Mycoplasmatota were found to be specialized in the degradation of cellulose, cellobiose, chitin, and DNA, respectively, while strains affiliated with Spirochaetota, Bacteroidota, Cloacimonadota, and Chloroflexota preferred to ferment less complex forms of OM. We also identified members of the phylum Desulfobacterota as terminal oxidizers, potentially involved in the consumption of hydrogen produced during fermentation. These results were supported by the identification of genes in the (meta)genomes of the cultivated microbial taxa which encode proteins of specific metabolic pathways. Additionally, we analyzed the composition of membrane lipids of selected taxa, which could be critical for their survival in the harsh environment of the deep sulfidic waters and could potentially be used as biosignatures for these strains in the sulfidic waters of the Black Sea.

Conclusions
This is the first report that demonstrates the cultivation and ecophysiology of such a diverse group of microorganisms from any sulfidic marine habitat. Collectively, this study provides a step forward in our understanding of the microbes thriving in the extreme conditions of the deep sulfidic waters of the Black Sea.
In-situ non destructive investigation of contemporary outdoor bronze sculptures
Authors: Kwon Heehong , Cho Namchul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Indoor investigations are commonly used to assess the causes and extent of damage to bronze artwork and cultural heritage items; however, these methods typically involve destructive sampling and outdoor bronze sculptures are typically heavy and large, hindering their transport. In this study, 16 contemporary bronze sculptures exposed to outdoor environments for a period exceeding 20 years were evaluated in-situ to develop a non-destructive prediction model that can identify types of corrosion and quantify the amount of corrosion on bronze sculptures that cannot be easily transported. The sculptures were classified into three groups according to their patina chromaticity, reflectivity, and chemical composition. The corrosion characteristics were found to be copper oxide and sulfide patinas. Chromaticity and reflectivity investigations revealed that the chemical composition changes of the patinas corresponded to the formation of corrosion products, thus showing a high potential for the identification of the type of corrosion. Portable XRF spectroscopy showed that the low error rate of Cu make its compositional behavior a good indicator in identifying the type of corrosion of sulfide and chloride patinas. Portable Raman spectroscopy was able to detect basic sulfides such as brochantite, antlerite, and cuprite. The corrosion types and corrosion products on the bronze sculptures could be identified using chromaticity and reflectivity, portable X-ray fluorescence, and portable Raman spectroscopy. The rapid insitu diagnosis of these corrosion attributes is expected to contribute to establishing conservation treatment plans in the future.
Spatial distribution of toponyms and formation mechanism in traditional villages in Western Hunan, China
Authors: Liu Yaliang , Liu Lu , Xu Ran , Yi Xin , Qiu Hui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Traditional village toponyms contain rich vernacular geographical information, profound cultural connotations, and social group memories. Studying the meanings and spatial distribution characteristics of traditional village toponyms and their formation mechanism is significant for the sustainable development and protection of the intangible culture of traditional villages. However, previous studies mainly focused on qualitative description combined with geospatial analysis techniques to explore their spatial distribution and influencing factors, but there has yet to be an in-depth study on why such a pattern is formed. Thus, this study employs statistics, a GIS kernel density estimation method, a geodetector, and historical data to examine the spatial distribution, influence factors, and formation mechanisms of various toponyms in traditional villages in western Hunan, China. The results show that (1) the toponyms in traditional villages in western Hunan can be categorized into natural and cultural landscape toponyms. Natural landscape toponyms predominate in the northwest, whereas cultural landscape toponyms are more concentrated in the southeast, with Huayuan, Longshan, and Dong Autonomous Counties as the primary focal points; (2)Natural toponyms are shaped by terrain, river proximity, and vegetation, whereas cultural toponyms cluster due to natural features and historic trail influence, mirroring the historical migration and settlement patterns in the development of western Hunan; (3)Multiple influencing factors, regulatory powers, and curing processes reveal the formation mechanism of the spatial patterns of toponyms. This study offers a novel lens for recognizing and understanding the characteristics of human settlement environments and culture in traditional villages. Moreover, the results of this study can provide scientific guidance for the cultural protection of traditional villages on a cross-regional scale.
Principles of musculoskeletal sport injuries for epidemiologists: a review
Authors: Wang Chinchin , Stovitz Steven D. , Kaufman Jay S. , Steele Russell J. , Shrier Ian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Musculoskeletal injuries are a common occurrence in sport. The goal of sport injury epidemiology is to study these injuries at a population level to inform their prevention and treatment.

Main body
This review provides an overview of musculoskeletal sport injuries and the musculoskeletal system from a biological and epidemiologic perspective, including injury mechanism, categorizations and types of sport injuries, healing, and subsequent injuries. It is meant to provide a concise introductory substantive background of musculoskeletal sport injuries for epidemiologists who may not have formal training in the underlying anatomy and pathophysiology.

Conclusion
An understanding of sport injuries is important for researchers in sport injury epidemiology when determining how to best define and assess their research questions and measures.
Effect of Cannabis sativa L. extracts, phytocannabinoids and their acetylated derivates on the SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells’ viability and caspases 3/7 activation
Authors: Tapia-Tapia Elizabeth , Aránguiz Pablo , Diaz Rodrigo , Espinoza Luis , Weinstein-Oppenheimer Caroline R , Cuellar Mauricio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
There is a need for novel treatments for neuroblastoma, despite the emergence of new biological and immune treatments, since refractory pediatric neuroblastoma is still a medical challenge. Phyto cannabinoids and their hemisynthetic derivatives have shown evidence supporting their anticancer potential. The aim of this research was to examine Phytocannabinoids or hemisynthetic cannabinoids, which reduce the SHSY-5Y, neuroblastoma cell line’s viability.

Methods
Hexane and acetyl acetate extracts were produced starting with Cannabis sativa L. as raw material, then, 9-tetrahidrocannabinol, its acid counterpart and CBN were isolated. In addition, acetylated derivatives of THC and CBN were synthesized. The identification and purity of the chemicals was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and 1H y 13C Magnetic Nuclear Resonance. Then, the capacity to affect the viability of SHSY-5Y, a neuroblastoma cell line, was examined using the resazurin method. Finally, to gain insight into the mechanism of action of the extracts, phytocannabinoids and acetylated derivatives on the examined cells, a caspase 3/7 determination was performed on cells exposed to these compounds.

Results
The structure and purity of the isolated compounds was demonstrated. The extracts, the phytocannabinoids and their acetylated counterparts inhibited the viability of the SHSY 5Y cells, being CBN the most potent of all the tested molecules with an inhibitory concentration of 50 percent of 9.5 µM.

Conclusion
Each of the evaluated molecules exhibited the capacity to activate caspases 3/7, indicating that at least in part, the cytotoxicity of the tested phytocannabinoids and their hemi-synthetic derivatives is mediated by apoptosis.
Remimazolam for general anesthesia in a patient with aortic stenosis and severe obesity undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Kainuma Atsushi , Koyama Ayaka , Kinoshita Mao , Iida Jun , Sawa Teiji 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
There is currently limited research on the clinical use of remimazolam in severely obese patients. In this report, we describe the anesthesia management of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in a severely obese patient using remimazolam.

Case description
A 76-year-old woman (height 1.54 m; total body weight 104 kg; body mass index 43.9 kg/m2) was scheduled for TAVI via the femoral artery approach for aortic valve stenosis. Preoperative echocardiography showed an aortic valve peak flow of 4.0 m/s and an effective orifice area of 0.75 cm2. Anesthesia induction was performed with a bolus dose of 100 μg fentanyl, 15 mg remimazolam, 60 mg rocuronium, and a continuous infusion of remifentanil at 0.4 mg/h. Intraoperatively, remimazolam was administered at a rate of 35 mg/h. General anesthesia management was completed without any complications, although the patient required temporary catecholamine and inhalation anesthesia assistance due to hemodynamic changes.

Conclusion
Owing to its pharmacological advantages, remimazolam may be an option for anesthesia induction and maintenance in severely obese patients with unstable circulation.
The potential diagnostic value of serum pentraxin-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients
Authors: Helal Eman Mohammed , Shoeib Sarah M. , Mansour Shimaa Moustafa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background and aim
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered one of the most common cancers in the world and one of the principal causes of cancer-linked deaths. Therefore, identification of new biomarkers for diagnosis, especially early diagnosis of HCC, is very important. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is possibly involved in cancer development, and as regard to liver diseases, plasma PTX3 was implicated to be associated with HCC occurrence. Therefore, this study will determine the serum PTX3 levels in patients with cirrhosis and HCC and to assess the potential diagnostic value in HCC in Egyptian patients.

Results
Pentraxin 3 was significantly higher in HCC patients than in cirrhotic patients (p < 0.001); also, serum PTX3 was significantly correlated with number, size of focal lesions, the presence of portal vein thrombosis, and BCLC staging (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The significant increased levels of serum pentraxin 3 in HCC may support its use as an early marker for HCC, either alone or in combination with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), allowing early diagnosis and prompt intervention.
Risk of congenital malformations associated with first-trimester exposure to antipsychotics: A propensity score-weighted population-based cohort study
Authors: Chan Joe K.N. , Lee Krystal C.K. , Wong Corine S.M. , Chang Wing C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
There is growing concern regarding teratogenic effect of antipsychotics. Previous research assessing association between antipsychotics and congenital malformations (CMs) yielded mixed results and were all derived from Western countries. We aimed to examine risk of major and organ/system-specific CMs associated with prenatal antipsychotic exposure in Hong Kong.

Methods
This population-based study identified women aged 15–50 years who delivered their first/singleton child between 2003–2018 from public healthcare service database. Propensity score (PS)-weighted logistic-regression analyses were performed to examine risk of CMs following first-trimester exposure to antipsychotic classes (second- and first-generation antipsychotic; SGA and FGA) and six most frequently-prescribed individual antipsychotics.

Results
Of 465,069 women, 419 and 420 redeemed ≥1 prescription of SGA and FGA during first-trimester, respectively. Prevalence of any CMs was 4.9% (95%CI:4.9–5.0%) in unexposed-infants, 9.1% (6.7–12.3%) in SGA-exposed infants, and 6.2% (4.3–9.0%) in FGA-exposed infants. SGA exposure (adjusted-odds-ratio: 2.11 [95%CI:1.19–3.86]) was associated with increased risk of CMs. This finding was consistent with sensitivity analyses addressing exposure misclassification and confounding by treatment indication, but not with PS-matched sensitivity analysis. Elevated risk of CMs was observed in infants exposed to high-dose olanzapine (7.50 [1.65–36.13]) and high-dose quetiapine (15.03 [4.86–56.72]), but with wide-CIs. Organ/system-specific malformations were not associated with SGA, FGA or individual antipsychotics.

Conclusion
We observed a small increased risk of major malformations associated with SGA, but was not consistently affirmed in sensitivity analyses, precluding firm conclusions. Research with large sample size clarifying comparative safety of individual antipsychotics on specific malformations is warranted.
Methimazole Desensitization in a Patient Experiencing a Thionamide-induced Hypersensitivity Reaction
Authors: Arguinchona Joseph , Mahajan Avanika , Gonzalez-Estrada Alexei , De Filippis Eleanna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Patients with newly diagnosed Graves disease often elect for treatment with the drug methimazole (MMI) over alternative therapies. However, MMI can commonly result in skin allergy that in severe cases can lead to discontinuation of therapy. We present a case of Graves thyrotoxicosis with a delayed hypersensitivity reaction while on MMI. The patient was successfully treated with a novel, individualized, 27-day desensitization protocol that resulted in tolerance of MMI with subsequent improvement in thyroid indices. Previous literature has offered various rapid desensitization protocols to MMI for immediate type hypersensitivity reactions. However, in nonimmediate, delayed hypersensitivity reactions, a slower desensitization protocol can be considered. As demonstrated in this case, desensitization to MMI is a reasonable alternative in patients who wish to avoid definitive therapy who develop an initial adverse reaction to MMI, as this can occur in up to 13% of treated cases.
ACTH-dependent Cushing Syndrome with No Peripheral Response But a Marked Petrosal Sinus ACTH Response to Desmopressin
Authors: Guay-Gagnon Martin , Cheng Ran , Beauregard Catherine , Lacroix André 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Desmopressin is increasingly used for the diagnosis of Cushing disease (CD) since corticotropin-releasing hormone became unavailable. We report the case a 32-year-old man who presented with overt Cushing syndrome. Morning blood cortisol, ACTH, 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, 24-hour urinary free cortisol, and bedtime salivary cortisol were highly variable, reaching markedly elevated values. Intravenous desmopressin administration produced no ACTH or cortisol increase. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging, thoracic computed tomography, and DOTATATE positron emission tomography scan identified no lesion. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) with desmopressin stimulation resulted in elevated central-to-peripheral ACTH ratio and prolactin co-secretion, while peripheral ACTH remained stable. No corticotroph tumor was identified on pituitary surgery pathology. Hypercortisolism persisted postoperatively. Cabergoline was initiated, after which the patient rapidly developed transient severe adrenal insufficiency (AI). Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in view of persistent hypercortisolism. This is an unusual case of petrosal sinus ACTH response to desmopressin without any peripheral response, suggesting a central source of ACTH. Thus, desmopressin should still be used during IPSS in patients with no peripheral response. It is unclear whether the AI episode resulted from a combination of nadir of cyclic hypercortisolism, partial apoplexy, and response to cabergoline of an occult corticotroph tumor.