bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-density lipoprotein metabolism in human apolipoprotein B100transgenic/brown adipose tissue deficient mice: a model of obesity-induced hyperinsulinemia
Authors: Ehlers Sarah J. , Larson Stephanie M. , Rasmussen Heather E. , Park Young-Ki , Lee Ji-Young 
Published: May 2011

Obese and diabetic humans display decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and an increased risk for coronary heart disease. However, investigation on HDL metabolism in obesity with a particular emphasis on hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), the primary factor for HDL formation, has not been well studied. Human apolipoprotein B100transgenic (hApoBtg) and brown adipose tissue deficient (BATless) mice were crossed to generate hApoBtg/BATless mice. Male and female hApoBtgand hApoBtg/BATless mice were maintained on either a regular rodent chow diet or a diet high in fat and cholesterol until 24 weeks of age. The hApoBtg/BATless mice that were fed a HF/HC diet became obese, developed hepatic steatosis, and had significantly elevated plasma insulin levels compared with their hApoBtgcounterparts, but plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, and free fatty acids and lipoprotein distribution between genotypes were not significantly different. Hepatic expression of genes encoding HDL-modifying factors (e.g., scavenger receptor, class B, type I, hepatic lipase, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, and phospholipid transfer protein) was either altered significantly or showed a trend of difference between 2 genotypes of mice. Importantly, hepatic protein levels of ABCA1 were significantly lowered by ∼35% in male obese hApoBtg/BATless mice with no difference in mRNA levels compared with hApoBtgcounterparts. Despite reduced hepatic ABCA1 protein levels, plasma HDL-C concentrations were not altered in male obese hApoBtg/BATless mice. The result suggests that hepatic ABCA1 may not be a primary contributing factor for perturbations in HDL metabolism in obesity-induced hyperinsulinemia.
Test–retest reliability of a portable monitor to assess energy expenditure
Authors: Brazeau Anne-Sophie , Karelis Antony D. , Mignault Diane , Lacroix Marie-Josée , Prud’homme Denis , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi 
Published: May 2011

The ability of the SenseWear Armband (SWA) to estimate energy expenditure (EE) in adults is established. However, except for resting metabolic rate, the test–retest reliability of the SWA for the estimation of EE in adults is unknown. To explore reliability, 34 healthy adults (50% women; age, 26.7 ± 6.1 years; body mass index, 23.6 ± 3.3 kg·m–2) completed a 2-day study protocol. During 13 h of direct supervision, subjects completed, each day, 60 min of lying awake rest, 30 min of structured sedentary activity, 45 min of walking circuit, and 45 min of ergocycling at 50% of their peak oxygen uptake. For the remaining 10 h, subjects remained seated. The SWA showed significant intraclass correlations between the 2 days of testing for the overall 13 h of direct supervision (r = 0.97; p < 0.001), the lying awake rest (r = 0.98; p < 0.001), the structured sedentary activity (r = 0.62; p < 0.05), the walking circuit (r = 0.95; p < 0.001), and the standardized physical activity (r = 0.85; p < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that the SWA is a reliable tool to estimate EE during multiple activities. These data provide additional evidence of the usefulness of the SWA in monitoring EE in healthy adults.
Comparison of 2 vitamin D supplementation modalities in newborns: adherence and preference
Authors: Rodd Celia , Jean-Philippe Sonia , Vanstone Catherine , Weiler Hope 
Published: May 2011

Lack of adherence with vitamin D supplementation is still a risk factor for rickets. In a randomized cross-over design, infants received 400 IU cholecalciferol by dropper (1 mL syrup) or filmstrip. Infant and parent preference scores and adherence were then compared. Forty-three parents of healthy infants preferred the filmstrip (85.4% of parents; 95% confidence interval of 70.1%–93.9%; p < 0.001), a result that was corroborated by higher infant and parental scores and compliance. Ease of administration of supplements with improved acceptance may improve adherence.
The influence of training and maturity status on girls’ responses to short-term, high-intensity upper- and lower-body exercise
Authors: McNarry Melitta A. , Welsman Joanne R. , Jones Andrew M. 
Published: May 2011

A maturational threshold has been suggested to be present in young peoples’ responses to exercise, with significant influences of training status evidenced only above this threshold. The presence of such a threshold has not been investigated for short-term, high-intensity exercise. To address this, we investigated the relationship between swim-training status and maturity on the power output, pulmonary gas exchange, and metabolic responses to an upper- and lower-body Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Girls at 3 stages of maturity participated:, prepubertal (Pre: 8 trained (T), 10 untrained (UT)), pubertal (Pub: 9 T, 15 UT), and postpubertal (Post: 8 T, 10 UT). At all maturity stages, T exhibited higher peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) during upper-body exercise (PP: Pre, T, 163 ± 20 vs. UT, 124 ± 29; Pub, T, 230 ± 42 vs. UT, 173 ± 41; Post, T, 245 ± 41 vs. UT, 190 ± 40 W; MP: Pre, T, 130 ± 23 vs. UT, 85 ± 26; Pub, T, 184 ± 37 vs. UT, 123 ± 38; Post, T, 200 ± 30 vs. UT, 150 ± 15 W; all p < 0.05) but not lower-body exercise, whilst the fatigue index was significantly lower in T for both exercise modalities. Irrespective of maturity, the oxidative contribution, calculated by the area under the oxygen uptake response profile, was not influenced by training status. No interaction was evident between training status and maturity, with similar magnitudes of difference between T and UT at all 3 maturity stages. These results suggest that there is no maturational threshold which must be surpassed for significant influences of training status to be manifest in the “anaerobic” exercise performance of young girls.
Rodent cardiovascular responses to baroreceptor unloading: Effect of plane of anaesthesia
Authors: Usselman Charlotte W. , Mattar Louis , Twynstra Jasna , Welch Ian , Shoemaker J. Kevin 
Published: May 2011

The objective of this study was to determine whether a plane of urethane–α-chloralose anaesthesia that suppresses motor reflexes would affect baroreflex cardiovascular control relative to a plane of anaesthesia that leaves motor reflexes intact. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were anaesthetized to either a light (motor reflexes intact) or deep (motor reflexes suppressed) plane of anaesthesia. Animals were exposed to graded (–2 to –10 mm Hg) lower body negative pressure while heart rate, vascular resistance, and mean arterial pressure were assessed. No between-group differences were observed in baseline hemodynamics. Graded lower body negative pressure progressively increased heart rate (p < 0.01) and vascular resistance (p < 0.001) and reduced mean arterial pressure (p < 0.001) similarly in light and deep planes of anaesthesia. Therefore, the deep plane of anaesthesia was not associated with a degradation of the autonomic response to baroreceptor unloading beyond that observed at the light plane. These data support the use of urethane–α-chloralose anaesthesia in studies examining reflex cardiovascular control concomitant with some degree of noxious stimulation.
The acute effects of a low and high dose of oral l-arginine supplementation in young active males at rest
Authors: Forbes Scott C. , Bell Gordon J. 
Published: May 2011

l-arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid) is a conditionally essential amino acid. Intravenous (IV) administration of l-arginine invokes a large metabolic (nitrate/nitrite (NOx)) and hormonal (growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and insulin) response; however, research examining oral l-arginine supplementation is conflicting, potentially owing to dose. The purpose of this study was examine a low and high dose of oral l-arginine on blood l-arginine, NOx, GH, IGF-1, and insulin response. Fourteen physically active males (age: 25 ± 5 years; weight: 78.0 ± 8.5 kg; height: 179.4 ± 4.7 cm) volunteered to be in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures study. Following an overnight fast, an IV catheter was placed in a forearm vein and a resting blood sample was drawn at ∼0800 hours. Each subject was then provided 1 of 3 treatment conditions (placebo, low (0.075 g·kg–1 of body mass), or high (0.15 g·kg–1 of body mass of l-arginine)). Blood samples were drawn at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after consumption. l-arginine plasma concentrations significantly increased (p < 0.001) to a similar level at any time point in both the low- and high-dose conditions; there was no change over time in the placebo condition. There was no significant difference between conditions for NOx, GH, IGF-1, or insulin. Based on these findings, a low dose of l-arginine was just as effective at increasing plasma l-arginine concentrations as a high dose; however, neither dose was able to promote a significant increase in NOx, GH, IGF-1, or insulin at rest.
LOSSLESS QUANTUM DATA COMPRESSION AND QUANTUM KOLMOGOROV COMPLEXITY
Authors: ROGERS CAROLINE , NAGARAJAN RAJAGOPAL 
Published: May 2011

We show that the optimal rate of lossless quantum data compression is closely related to Berthiaume, van Dam and Laplante's quantum Kolmogorov complexity. We show that:• The expected quantum Kolmogorov complexity of a mixture is close to the optimal rate of lossless data compression of that mixture.• If quantum Kolmogorov complexity obeys some inequality, then so does the optimal rate of lossless quantum data compression.
Silencing IL-13Rα2 Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Death via Endogenous Signaling
Authors: Hsi Linda C. , Kundu Suman , Palomo Juan , Xu Bo , Ficco Ryan , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Cathcart Martha K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, with a survival rate of only 13% to 27% within 2 years of diagnosis despite optimal medical treatment. We hypothesize that the presence of a unique IL-13Rα2 decoy receptor prevents GBM apoptosis. This receptor has a high affinity for interleukin-13 (IL-13), binds the cytokine, and competitively inhibits the intracellular signaling cascade initiated by IL-13. In cells lacking the IL-13Rα2 decoy receptor, IL-13 initiates the production of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1), which has been implicated in cellular apoptosis. Our group and others have shown that induction of 15-LOX-1 correlates with tumor cell death in colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. How 15-LOX-1 induces apoptosis remains unclear. Preliminary evidence in GBM cells implicates an apoptotic process mediated by PPARγ. 15-LOX-1 metabolites can modulate PPARγ and activation of PPARγ can suppress tumor growth. We hypothesize that in GBM, IL-13 can induce 15-LOX-1, which regulates cell apoptosis via signaling through PPARγ and that expression of IL-13Rα2 prevents apoptosis and contributes to tumor growth. Our in vitro and in vivo data support this. Knocking down IL-13Rα2 with short interfering RNA dramatically induces 15-LOX-1 expression, promotes apoptosis, and reduces GBM tumor growth in vivo. These findings identify a mechanism for eliminating the blockade of endogenous IL-13 signaling and for promotion of apoptosis, and characterize a role for 15-LOX-1 in GBM apoptosis. Identifying a mechanistic pathway that can be targeted for pharmacologic intervention will have applied implications to developing novel and effective treatments of GBM. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(7); 1149–60. ©2011 AACR.
Apolipoprotein E Mediates Enhanced Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Clearance by Low-Dose Streptococcal Serum Opacity Factor via Hepatic Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptors In Vivo
Authors: Rosales Corina , Tang Daming , Gillard Baiba K. , Courtney Harry S. , Pownall Henry J. 
Published: May 2011

Objective—
Recombinant streptococcal serum opacity factor (rSOF) mediates the in vitro disassembly of human plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) into lipid-free apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, a neo-HDL that is cholesterol poor, and a cholesteryl ester–rich microemulsion (CERM) containing apoE. Given the occurrence of apoE on the CERM, we tested the hypothesis that rSOF injection into mice would reduce total plasma cholesterol clearance via apoE-dependent hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR).

Methods and Results—

rSOF (4 μg) injection into wild-type C57BL/6J mice formed neo-HDL, CERM, and lipid-free apoA-I, as observed in vitro, and reduced plasma total cholesterol (−43%,
t
1/2
=44±18 minutes) whereas control saline injections had a negligible effect. Similar experiments with apoE
−/−
and LDLR
−/−
mice reduced plasma total cholesterol ≈0% and 20%, respectively. rSOF was potent; injection of 0.18 μg of rSOF produced 50% of maximum reduction of plasma cholesterol 3 hours postinjection, corresponding to a ≈0.5-mg human dose. Most cholesterol was cleared hepatically (>99%), with rSOF treatment increasing clearance by 65%.

Conclusion—
rSOF injection into mice formed a CERM that was cleared via hepatic LDLR that recognize apoE. This reaction could provide an alternative mechanism for reverse cholesterol transport.
Vascular Calcification and Aortic Fibrosis
Authors: Shao Jian-Su , Sierra Oscar L. , Cohen Richard , Mecham Robert P. , Kovacs Attila , Wang James , Distelhorst Kathryn , Behrmann Abraham , Halstead Linda R. , Towler Dwight A. 
Published: May 2011

Objective—
Calcification and fibrosis reduce vascular compliance in arteriosclerosis. To better understand the role of osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein upregulated in diabetic arteries, we evaluated contributions of OPN in male low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)−/− mice fed a high-fat diet.

Methods and Results—

OPN had no impact on high-fat diet–induced hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, or body composition. However, OPN−/−;LDLR−/− mice exhibited an altered time-course of aortic calcium accrual—reduced during initiation but increased with progression—versus OPN+/+;LDLR−/− controls. Collagen accumulation, chondroid metaplasia, and mural thickness were increased in aortas of OPN−/−;LDLR−/− mice. Aortic compliance was concomitantly reduced. Vascular reexpression of OPN (
SM22
-
OPN
transgene) reduced aortic
Col2A1
and medial chondroid metaplasia but did not affect atherosclerotic calcification,
Col1A1
expression, collagen accumulation, or arterial stiffness. Dosing with the proinflammatory OPN fragment SVVYGLR upregulated aortic
Wnt
and osteogenic gene expression, increased aortic β-catenin, and restored early-phase aortic calcification in OPN−/−;LDLR−/− mice.

Conclusion—
OPN exerts stage-specific roles in arteriosclerosis in LDLR−/− mice. Actions phenocopied by the OPN metabolite SVVYGLR promote osteogenic calcification processes with disease initiation. OPN limits vascular chondroid metaplasia, endochondral mineralization, and collagen accumulation with progression. Complete deficiency yields a net increase in arteriosclerotic disease, reducing aortic compliance and conduit vessel function in LDLR−/− mice.
The Madden–Julian Oscillation and the Relative Value of Deterministic Forecasts of Extreme Precipitation in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Jones Charles , Carvalho Leila M. V. , Gottschalck Jon , Higgins Wayne 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the most prominent form of tropical intraseasonal variability that impacts weather and climate. Forecast skill of extreme precipitation in the contiguous United States (CONUS) during winter is higher when the MJO is active and has enhanced convection over the Western Hemisphere, Africa, and/or the western Indian Ocean. This study applies a simple decision model to examine the relationships between the MJO and the relative value of deterministic forecasts of extreme precipitation. Value in the forecasts is significantly higher and extends to longer leads (2 weeks) during active MJO.
Value of a Dual-Polarized Gap-Filling Radar in Support of Southern California Post-Fire Debris-Flow Warnings
Authors: Jorgensen David P. , Hanshaw Maiana N. , Schmidt Kevin M. , Laber Jayme L. , Staley Dennis M. , Kean Jason W. , Restrepo Pedro J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA portable truck-mounted C-band Doppler weather radar was deployed to observe rainfall over the Station Fire burn area near Los Angeles, California, during the winter of 2009/10 to assist with debris-flow warning decisions. The deployments were a component of a joint NOAA–U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research effort to improve definition of the rainfall conditions that trigger debris flows from steep topography within recent wildfire burn areas. A procedure was implemented to blend various dual-polarized estimators of precipitation (for radar observations taken below the freezing level) using threshold values for differential reflectivity and specific differential phase shift that improves the accuracy of the rainfall estimates over a specific burn area sited with terrestrial tipping-bucket rain gauges. The portable radar outperformed local Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) National Weather Service network radars in detecting rainfall capable of initiating post-fire runoff-generated debris flows. The network radars underestimated hourly precipitation totals by about 50%. Consistent with intensity–duration threshold curves determined from past debris-flow events in burned areas in Southern California, the portable radar-derived rainfall rates exceeded the empirical thresholds over a wider range of storm durations with a higher spatial resolution than local National Weather Service operational radars. Moreover, the truck-mounted C-band radar dual-polarimetric-derived estimates of rainfall intensity provided a better guide to the expected severity of debris-flow events, based on criteria derived from previous events using rain gauge data, than traditional radar-derived rainfall approaches using reflectivity–rainfall relationships for either the portable or operational network WSR-88D radars. Part of the reason for the improvement was due to siting the radar closer to the burn zone than the WSR-88Ds, but use of the dual-polarimetric variables improved the rainfall estimation by ~12% over the use of traditional Z–R relationships.
Social acknowledgement as a predictor of post-traumatic stress and complicated grief after witnessing assisted suicide
Authors: Wagner Birgit , Keller Valerie , Knaevelsrud Christine , Maercker Andreas 
Published: May 2011

Background: In Switzerland, right-to-die organizations such as Exit Deutsche Schweiz offer suicide assistance to their members. However, there is limited knowledge of the impact that witnessing assisted suicide has on the post-traumatic stress severity or the grief process of family members. Low perceived social acknowledgement may affect mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 85 family members who were present at an assisted suicide was conducted in December 2007. The Inventory of Complicated Grief and the Impact of Event Scale were used to assess symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complicated grief (CG) at 14 to 24 months post-loss. Further, the Social Acknowledgement Questionnaire was used to examine the impact that the social environment’s acknowledgement of the end-of-life decision had on respondents’ mental health. Results: As expected, social acknowledgement as a survivor was related to PTSD symptoms and CG. In particular, perceived general disapproval was strongly correlated with all outcome measures, whereas recognition was not significantly related to PTSD or CG (intrusion and avoidance). Conclusion: Family members of patients who use assisted suicide may hesitate to disclose the manner of death, and the community and societal environment may express strong views concerning the end-of-life decision. This can lead to increased levels of PTSD and CG.
The prognostic significance of IDH2 mutations in AML depends on the location of the mutation
Authors: Green Claire L. , Evans Catherine M. , Zhao Lu , Hills Robert K. , Burnett Alan K. , Linch David C. , Gale Rosemary E. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We have investigated the prognostic significance of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) mutations in 1473 younger adult acute myeloid leukemia patients treated in 2 United Kingdom Medical Research Council trials. An IDH2 mutation was present in 148 cases (10%), 80% at R140 and 20% at R172. Patient characteristics and outcome differed markedly between the 2 mutations. IDH2R140 significantly correlated with nucleophosmin mutations (NPM1MUT), whereas IDH2R172 cases generally lacked other molecular mutations. An IDH2R140 mutation was an independent favorable prognostic factor for relapse (P = .004) and overall survival (P = .008), and there was no significant heterogeneity with regard to NPM1 or FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD) genotype. Relapse in FLT3/ITDWTNPM1MUTIDH2R140 patients was lower than in favorable-risk cytogenetics patients in the same cohort (20% and 38% at 5 years, respectively). The presence of an IDH2R172 mutation was associated with a significantly worse outcome than IDH2R140, and relapse in FLT3/ITDWTNPM1WTIDH2R172 patients was comparable with adverse-risk cytogenetics patients (76% and 72%, respectively).
SCL-mediated regulation of the cell-cycle regulator p21 is critical for murine megakaryopoiesis
Authors: Chagraoui Hedia , Kassouf Mira , Banerjee Sreemoti , Goardon Nicolas , Clark Kevin , Atzberger Ann , Pearce Andrew C. , Skoda Radek C. , Ferguson David J. P. , Watson Steve P. , Vyas Paresh , Porcher Catherine 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMegakaryopoiesis is a complex process that involves major cellular and nuclear changes and relies on controlled coordination of cellular proliferation and differentiation. These mechanisms are orchestrated in part by transcriptional regulators. The key hematopoietic transcription factor stem cell leukemia (SCL)/TAL1 is required in early hematopoietic progenitors for specification of the megakaryocytic lineage. These early functions have, so far, prevented full investigation of its role in megakaryocyte development in loss-of-function studies. Here, we report that SCL critically controls terminal megakaryocyte maturation. In vivo deletion of Scl specifically in the megakaryocytic lineage affects all key attributes of megakaryocyte progenitors (MkPs), namely, proliferation, ploidization, cytoplasmic maturation, and platelet release. Genome-wide expression analysis reveals increased expression of the cell-cycle regulator p21 in Scl-deleted MkPs. Importantly, p21 knockdown-mediated rescue of Scl-mutant MkPs shows full restoration of cell-cycle progression and partial rescue of the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation defects. Therefore, SCL-mediated transcriptional control of p21 is essential for terminal maturation of MkPs. Our study provides a mechanistic link between a major hematopoietic transcriptional regulator, cell-cycle progression, and megakaryocytic differentiation.