bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular plant subtilases dampen cold shock peptide elicitor levels
Authors: Chen Changlong , Buscaill Pierre , Sanguankiattichai Nattapong , Huang Jie , Kaschani Farnusch , Kaiser Markus , van der Hoorn Renier A. L. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTRecognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the cell surface is crucial for plant immunity. The proteinaceous nature of many of these patterns suggests that secreted proteases play important roles in their formation and stability. Here, we demonstrate that the apoplastic subtilase SBT5.2a inactivates the immunogenicity of cold-shock proteins of the bacterial plant pathogenPseudomonas syringaeby cleaving within the immunogenic csp22 epitope. Consequently, mutant plants lacking SBT5.2a activity retain higher levels of csp22, leading to enhanced immune responses and reduced pathogen growth. SBT5.2 sensitivity is influenced by sequence variation surrounding the cleavage site and likely extends to CSPs from other bacterial species. These findings suggest that variations in csp22 stability among bacterial pathogens are a crucial factor in plant-bacteria interactions and that pathogens might exploit plant proteases to avoid pattern recognition.
Lineage-specific CDK activity dynamics characterize early mammalian development
Authors: Saykali Bechara , Tran Andy D. , Cornwell James A. , Caldwell Matthew A. , Sangsari Paniz Rezvan , Morgan Nicole Y. , Kruhlak Michael J. , Cappell Steven D. , Ruiz Sergio 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTCyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) are key regulatory enzymes that regulate proliferation dynamics and cell fate in response to extracellular inputs. It remains largely unknown how CDK activity fluctuates and influences cell commitmentin vivoduring early mammalian development. Here, we generated a transgenic mouse model expressing a CDK kinase translocation reporter (KTR) that enabled quantification of CDK activity in live single cells. By examining pre- and post- implantation mouse embryos at different stages, we observed a progressive decrease in CDK activity in cells from the trophectoderm (TE) prior to implantation. This drop correlated with the establishment of an FGF4-dependent signaling gradient through the embryonic-abembryonic axis. Furthermore, we showed that CDK activity levels do not determine cell fate decisions during pre-implantation development. Finally, we uncovered the existence of conserved regulatory mechanisms in mammals by revealing lineage-specific regulation of CDK activity in TE-like human cells.
Genomic characterization ofEscherichia coliharbor a polyketide synthase (pks) island associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development
Authors: Lv Chao , Abdullah Mohd , Chen Weiye , Zhou Nan , Cheng Zile , Chen Yiwen , Li Min , Simpson Kenneth W. , Elsaadi Ahmed , Zhu Yongzhang , Lipkin Steven M. , Chang Yung-Fu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTheE. colistrain harboring the polyketide synthase(Pks)island encodes the genotoxin colibactin, a secondary metabolite reported to have severe implications for human health and for the progression of colorectal cancer. The present study involved whole-genome-wide comparison and phylogenetic analysis ofpksharboringE. coliisolates to gain insight into the distribution and evolution of these organism. FifteenE. colistrains isolated from patients with ulcerative colitis were sequenced, 13 of which harbored pks islands. In addition, 2,654 genomes from the public database were also screened forpksharboringE. coligenomes, 158 of which werepks-positive isolates. Whole-genome-wide comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed that 171 (158+13)pks-positive isolates belonged to phylogroup B2, and most of the isolates associated to sequence types ST73 and ST95. One isolate from an ulcerative colitis (UC) patient was of the sequence type ST8303. The maximum likelihood tree based on the core genome ofpks-positive isolates revealed horizontal gene transfer across sequence types and serotypes. Virulome and resistome analyses revealed the preponderance of virulence genes and a reduced number of antimicrobial genes inPks-positive isolates. This study strongly contributes to understanding the evolution ofpksislands inE. coli.
A phosphorylation signal activates genome-wide transcriptional control by BfmR, the global regulator ofAcinetobacterresistance and virulence
Authors: Raustad Nicole , Dai Yunfei , Iinishi Akira , Mohapatra Arpita , Soo Mark W. , Hay Everett , Hernandez Gabrielle M. , Geisinger Edward 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe nosocomial pathogenAcinetobacter baumanniiis a major threat to human health. The sensor kinase-response regulator system, BfmS-BfmR, is essential to multidrug resistance and virulence in the bacterium and represents a potential antimicrobial target. Important questions remain about how the system controls resistance and pathogenesis. Although BfmR knockout alters expression of >1000 genes, its direct regulon is undefined. Moreover, how phosphorylation controls the regulator is unclear. Here, we address these problems by combining mutagenesis, ChIP-seq, and in vitro phosphorylation to study the functions of phospho-BfmR. We show that phosphorylation is required for BfmR-mediated gene regulation, antibiotic resistance, and sepsis development in vivo. Consistent with activating the protein, phosphorylation induces dimerization and target DNA affinity. Integrated analysis of genome-wide binding and transcriptional profiles of BfmR led to additional key findings: (1) Phosphorylation dramatically expands the number of genomic sites BfmR binds; (2) DNA recognition involves a direct repeat motif widespread across promoters; (3) BfmR directly regulates 303 genes as activator (eg, capsule, peptidoglycan, and outer membrane biogenesis) or repressor (pilus biogenesis); (4) BfmR controls several non-coding sRNAs. These studies reveal the centrality of a phosphorylation signal in drivingA. baumanniidisease and disentangle the extensive pathogenic gene-regulatory network under its control.
Credit rating of family farms based on optimal assignment of credit indicators by BP neural network
Authors: Fu Wenluhan , Li Zhanjiang 
Published: June 2024

PurposeIn order to solve the problems of difficulty in lending to family farms and the lack of credit products, it is necessary to classify the credit rating of family farms and determine the credit risk level of different family farms, so that agriculture-related financial institutions can implement different credit strategies.Design/methodology/approachA method based on BP neural network model is proposed to measure the weights of credit evaluation indicators of family farms and the linear weighting method and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to establish the final credit rating system for family farms.FindingsThe empirical results show that the majority of the 246 family farms in Inner Mongolia have a low CC rating.Originality/valueBy constructing a sound and reasonable credit rating system for family farms, thus providing an objective evaluation of the credit rating of family farms, the credit granting status of agriculture-related financial institutions will be adapted to the reasonable loan demand status of family farm owners, and the quality and level of their credit approval will be continuously enhanced.
Tech-ready teachers for Agriculture 4.0: a teacher–industry partnership case study
Authors: Cosby Amy , Sullivan Melissa Ann , Manning Jaime , Harreveld Bobby 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis case study is based on the Women in Agri-Tech programme, a teacher professional development programme that aimed to build teachers’ capabilities to use Agri-Tech in their agriculture/STEM classes to increase student awareness of agriculture technology and its associated career paths. Teachers and agriculture industry partners co-created Agri-Tech modules, which were implemented and evaluated from teachers’ and students’ perspectives. This paper demonstrates how work-related learning that emphasises technology can increase the visibility of career pathways and how multi-stakeholder benefits can evolve from teacher–industry partnerships.Design/methodology/approachAn action research design using quantitative and qualitative methods was used to construct this case study. Data collection methods included surveys, interviews, peer evaluation and teacher reflections.FindingsTeacher professional development that incorporates teacher-industry partnerships can increase teachers’ self-efficacy and build confidence to support authentic work-related learning in their classes. Integrating technology into agriculture/STEM classes can increase the visibility of agriculture career paths for students, which is critical given the serious skills shortage in this sector.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited in that the Women in Agri-Tech professional development programme was one standalone programme tailored specifically for women agriculture/STEM teachers through a competitive process. However, the beneficial implications of such programmes that support teacher–industry engagement have far-reaching benefits. Teacher professional development programmes that provide opportunities to partner with industry can support improvements in integrating career-aligned learning into the curriculum and can specifically address industry skills and knowledge gaps by addressing school-based learning requirements for the future workforce.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on education–industry partnerships and considers how teachers can contribute to an early intervention sector workforce development strategy for future industry sustainability.
Tales of luxury: unveiling gender-based insights into hotel brands’ Instagram marketing
Authors: Chalke Anuja , Cheng Boon Liat , Dent Michael 
Published: June 2024

PurposeStorytelling-driven messaging for luxury hotels is a robust social media marketing strategy to boost electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) and induce visit intention. This paper focuses on individual-related characteristics related to imagery processing and explores their relationship with brand trust and narrative transportation. Gender is examined for its potential moderating impact on relationships revolving around e-WOM intent formation.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the partial least squares-structural equations modelling (SEM) and multi-group analyses (MGA) approaches to examine consumer responses to luxury hotel brands’ Instagram marketing. Data from 268 responses to an online survey was analyzed on Smart PLS4.FindingsResults confirm that comprehension fluency, imagery fluency and narrative transportation are predictors of brand trust. Additionally, brand trust and narrative transportation impact e-WOM intention. The impact of narrative transportation on e-WOM intention is relatively stronger in men; while women exhibit a stronger impact of brand trust on e-WOM intention.Practical implicationsIt is recommended that luxury hotel brands create content which is easy to comprehend and also capable of inducing mental imagery, to boost the narrative transportation effect. Content should be tailored to target specific gender segments to enhance e-WOM effectiveness. Detailed strategies for segment-specific content are discussed in the paper.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates how gender differences shape consumer responses to brand storytelling on Instagram, particularly for luxury hotels, filling a notable gap in extant literature.
Toward disaster resilience in property management: the nomenclature of structural and non-structural building adaptation measures relative to flood exposure
Authors: Amadi Alolote 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThe study aims to investigate the nomenclature of structural versus non-structural building adaptation measures taken by occupants of residential properties located in flood-prone areas of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, to verify whether they are adapted or maladapted relative to their level of flood exposure and underscore the role of disaster resilience in property management.Design/methodology/approachUsing the survey research strategy, the uptake of structural and non-structural adaptation measures in spatially distributed areas of Port Harcourt was descriptively analyzed and tested to identify significant variation in the uptake of adaptation measures relative to increasing flooding levels, using a one-way ANOVA.FindingsThe study outcome reveals that there are some distinctive features of buildings in Port Harcourt which provide wet-proofing structural adaptation qualities while dry-proofing structural adaptation measures are not adequate. However, although some key structural adaptation measures were adapted relative to the levels of flood exposure, most structural features of the buildings do not vary relative to flooding levels, indicating maladaptation even with increasing flood risk. The uptake of non-structural measures is also inadequate and maladapted relative to changes in the level of flood exposure, despite their non-intrusive and low-cost nature. Overall, the findings imply that maladaptation is more prevalent.Originality/valueThe study provides a descriptive snapshot of the nomenclature of property-level flood risk adaptation in residential buildings, while highlighting the maladaptive tendencies/behavior of property occupants, within a metropolitan setting in the developing world, necessary to inform policy and provide sensitization for fostering disaster resilience in property management.
Resource manipulation reveals interactive phenotype‐dependent foraging in free‐ranging lizards
Authors: Spiegel Orr , Michelangeli Marcus , Sinn David L. , Payne Eric , Klein Janine‐Rose V. , Kirkpatrick Jamie , Harbusch Marco , Sih Andrew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that individuals differ in foraging tactics and this variation is often linked to an individual's behavioural type (BT). Yet, while foraging typically comprises a series of search and handling steps, empirical investigations have rarely considered BT‐dependent effects across multiple stages of the foraging process, particularly in natural settings.

In our long‐term sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) study system, individuals exhibit behavioural consistency in boldness (measured as an individual's willingness to approach a novel food item in the presence of a threat) and aggressiveness (measured as an individual's response to an ‘attack’ by a conspecific dummy). These BTs are only weakly correlated and have previously been shown to have interactive effects on lizard space use and movement, suggesting that they could also affect lizard foraging performance, particularly in their search behaviour for food.

To investigate how lizards' BTs affect their foraging process in the wild, we supplemented food in 123 patches across a 120‐ha study site with three food abundance treatments (high, low and no‐food controls). Patches were replenished twice a week over the species' entire spring activity season and feeding behaviours were quantified with camera traps at these patches. We tracked lizards using GPS to determine their home range (HR) size and repeatedly assayed their aggressiveness and boldness in designated assays.

We hypothesised that bolder lizards would be more efficient foragers while aggressive ones would be less attentive to the quality of foraging patches. We found an interactive BT effect on overall foraging performance. Individuals that were both bold and aggressive ate the highest number of food items from the foraging array. Further dissection of the foraging process showed that aggressive lizards in general ate the fewest food items in part because they visited foraging patches less regularly, and because they discriminated less between high and low‐quality patches when revisiting them. Bolder lizards, in contrast, ate more tomatoes because they visited foraging patches more regularly, and ate a higher proportion of the available tomatoes at patches during visits.

Our study demonstrates that BTs can interact to affect different search and handling components of the foraging process, leading to within‐population variation in foraging success. Given that individual differences in foraging and movement will influence social and ecological interactions, our results highlight the potential role of BT's in shaping individual fitness strategies and population dynamics.
‘If my boss wasn't so accommodating, I don't know what I would do’: Workplace supports for carers and the role of line managers and co‐workers in mediating informal flexibility
Authors: Fahy M. , Dowling‐Hetherington L. , Phillips D. , Moloney B. , Duffy C. , Paul G. , Fealy G. , Kroll T. , Lafferty A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMost employees will experience at least one episode of caregiving during their working lives. While work is important for carers' identity and well‐being, the increasing complexity of caregiving situations and the often unpredictable needs of care recipients means that working carers may need to informally adjust when, where and how they work. The manner in which this informal flexibility is enacted is not well understood. Using a qualitative research design, this paper provides an insight into employees' experiences of combining work and caregiving and gives voice to working carers and the daily struggles they face. Drawing on the literature on work‐family conflict (WFC) theory, signalling theory and flexible working, our research highlights the importance of informal flexibility, and the mediating role of line managers and co‐workers in providing access to this flexibility. We identify the enabling mechanisms, or explicit signals of support, through which carer‐friendly informal flexibility is enacted, namely: reassurance and pre‐emptive support; carer advocacy; and idiosyncratic deal‐making (i‐deals). We argue that when these enabling mechanisms are in place, WFC is alleviated and attachment to the workforce is facilitated. Where the enabling mechanisms are not accessible, WFC increases and attachment to the workforce is hindered.
Association between prenatal glucocorticoid exposure and adolescent neurodevelopment: An observational follow‐up study
Authors: Rakers Florian , Schleussner Ekkehard , Cornelius Amani , Kluckow Steffen , Muth Isabel , Hoyer Dirk , Rupprecht Sven , Schultze Torsten , Schiecke Karin , Ligges Carolin , Schwab Matthias , Hoyer Heike 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrenatal exposure to supraphysiological glucocorticoid (GC) levels may lead to long‐lasting developmental changes in numerous biological systems. Our prior study identified an association between prenatal GC prophylaxis and reduced cognitive performance, electrocortical changes, and altered autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in children aged 8–9 years. This follow‐up study aimed to examine whether these findings persisted into adolescence.Material and MethodsProspective observational follow‐up study involving twenty‐one 14‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents born to mothers who received betamethasone for induction of fetal lung maturation in threatened preterm birth, but who were born with a normal weight appropriate for their gestational age (median 37+4 gestational weeks). Thirty‐five children not exposed to betamethasone served as the reference group (median 37+6 gestational weeks). The primary endpoint was cognitive performance, measured by intelligence quotient (IQ). Key secondary endpoints included symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and metabolic markers. Additionally, we determined electrocortical (electroencephalogram), hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA), and ANS activity in response to a standardized stress paradigm.ResultsNo statistically significant group difference was observed in global IQ (adjusted mean: betamethasone 103.9 vs references 105.9, mean difference −2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −7.12 to 3.12, p = 0.44). Similarly, ADHD symptoms, metabolic markers, the overall and stress‐induced activity of the HPAA and the ANS did not differ significantly between groups. However, the betamethasone group exhibited reduced electrocortical activity in the frontal brain region (spectral edge frequency–adjusted means: 16.0 Hz vs 17.8 Hz, mean difference −1.83 Hz, 95% CI: −3.21 to −0.45, p = 0.01).ConclusionsIn 14‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents, prenatal GC exposure was not associated with differences in IQ scores or ANS activity compared to unexposed controls. However, decelerated electrocortical activity in the frontal region potentially reflects disturbances in the maturation of cortical and/or subcortical brain structures. The clinical significance of these changes remains unknown. Given the small sample size, selective participation/loss of follow‐up and potential residual confounding, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Further research is required to replicate these results in larger cohorts before drawing firm clinical conclusions.
Emotion regulation styles and the tendency to learn from academic failures
Authors: Sharabi Yonatan , Roth Guy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundResearch on learners' reactions to failure finds negative emotions may present an obstacle for learning; a painful experience of failure may result in disengagement and avoidance. However, research on styles of emotion regulation and learning from failure is scarce. Self‐determination theory's (SDT) conception of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation differentiates among three styles of regulation: integrative emotion regulation (IER), suppressive emotion regulation (SER) and amotivated emotion regulation.AimsTwo studies were conducted, one cross‐sectional and one longitudinal, to test the associations between IER and learning from failure among adolescents.SampleStudy 1 comprised 184 adolescents (mean age = 16.55; SD = 1.2). Study 2 comprised 565 adolescents (8–12 graders). The main analysis was based on 192 adolescents' perceptions of failing math grades.MethodStudy 1 surveyed adolescents on their emotion regulation styles, adaptive and maladaptive coping practices when dealing with failure and tendency to learn from failure. Study 2 was longitudinal and focused on failure in math. We approached participants twice, before and after the math test.ConclusionsIn both studies, IER was related to adaptive coping practices and the tendency to learn from failure. In Study 2, adaptive coping practices mediated relations between IER and learning from failure in math and learning from failure mediated relations between IER and future engagement. These findings suggest that styles of emotion regulation play an important role in learning from failure.