bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the 7-Hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase of the Chlorophyll Cycle in Arabidopsis
Authors: Meguro Miki , Ito Hisashi , Takabayashi Atsushi , Tanaka Ryouichi , Tanaka Ayumi 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The interconversion of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, referred to as the chlorophyll cycle, plays a crucial role in the processes of greening, acclimation to light intensity, and senescence. The chlorophyll cycle consists of three reactions: the conversions of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b by chlorophyllide a oxygenase, chlorophyll b to 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a by chlorophyll b reductase, and 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a to chlorophyll a by 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase. We identified 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase, which is the last remaining unidentified enzyme of the chlorophyll cycle, from Arabidopsis thaliana by genetic and biochemical methods. Recombinant 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase converted 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a to chlorophyll a using ferredoxin. Both sequence and biochemical analyses showed that 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase contains flavin adenine dinucleotide and an iron-sulfur center. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis elucidated the evolution of 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase from divinyl chlorophyllide vinyl reductase. A mutant lacking 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase was found to accumulate 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a and pheophorbide a. Furthermore, this accumulation of pheophorbide a in the mutant was rescued by the inactivation of the chlorophyll b reductase gene. The downregulation of pheophorbide a oxygenase activity is discussed in relation to 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a accumulation.
PGC‐1α encoded by the PPARGC1A gene regulates oxidative energy metabolism in equine skeletal muscle during exercise
Authors: Eivers S. S. , McGivney B. A. , Gu J. , MacHugh D. E. , Katz L. M. , Hill E. W. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) has emerged as a critical control factor in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise, acting via transcriptional control of genes responsible for angiogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle fibre type composition. In a previous study, we demonstrated a significant increase in mRNA expression for the gene encoding PGC‐1α (PPARGC1A) in Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle following a single bout of endurance exercise. In this study, we investigated mRNA expression changes in genes encoding transcriptional coactivators of PGC‐1α and genes that function upstream and downstream of PGC‐1α in known canonical pathways. We used linear regression to determine the associations between PPARGC1A mRNA expression and expression of the selected panel of genes. Biopsy samples were obtained from the gluteus medius pre‐exercise (T0), immediately post‐exercise (T1) and 4 h post‐exercise (T2). Significant (P < 0.05) expression fold change differences relative to T0 were detected for genes functioning in angiogenesis (ANGP2 and VEGFA); Ca2+‐dependent signalling pathway (PPP3CA); carbohydrate/glucose metabolism (PDK4); fatty acid metabolism/mitochondrial biogenesis (PPPARGC1B); haem biosynthetic process (ALAS1); insulin signalling (FOXO1, PPPARGC1A and SLC2A4); mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling (MAPK14 and MEF2A); and myogenesis (HDAC9). Gene expression associations were identified between PPARGC1A and genes involved in angiogenesis, mitochondrial respiration, glucose transport, insulin signalling and transcriptional regulation. These results suggest that PGC‐1α and genes regulated by PGC‐1α play significant roles in the skeletal muscle response to exercise and therefore may contribute to performance potential in Thoroughbred horses.
Management of osteonecrosis in children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Vora Ajay 
Published: September 2011

SummaryOsteonecrosis is a disabling complication in children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. It can affect any or multiple joints but the hip and knee are most frequently involved and a cause of long‐term disability. The problem is almost exclusively that of older children and young adults of whom over 70% have asymptomatic changes on screening magnetic resonance imaging and 15–20% have resulting symptoms. Dexamethasone is associated with a higher risk than prednisolone in US but not European or UK trials and alternate week scheduling of dexamethasone in the intensification course is associated with a lower risk than a continuous 3‐week schedule in US trials. Genetic factors and obesity contribute to the risk, as do metabolic abnormalities caused by drugs, such as asparaginase, which increase tissue exposure to steroids. Management is primarily supportive but a minority of patients require surgical intervention including replacement of the affected joint. A variety of surgical techniques and, latterly, bisphophonates, have been tried to prevent progression but their efficacy remains uncertain. Whether patients should continue to receive steroids after diagnosis of osteonecrosis is uncertain but most trial investigators recommend stopping them after completion of the intensification phase of treatment.
Orientation strategies during delirium: are they helpful?
Authors: Day Jenny , Higgins Isabel , Keatinge Diana 
Published: September 2011

Aim. This paper critiques literature that reports older person experiences of orientation strategies in relation to current recommendations for the management of older person delirium and makes recommendations for future research.Background. Delirium is a common syndrome in hospitalised older people and a difficult syndrome for health care staff to manage. During delirium, older people describe experiencing altered states of reality and use of orientation strategies as part of their care. Orientation, a non‐pharmacological approach to the management of delirium, is recommended as a care strategy in evidence‐based guidelines and protocols.Method. Discursive paper.Discussion. This paper considers published research into the experiences of hospitalised older people during an episode of delirium and questions the appropriateness of orientation strategies. How care strategies are experienced by older people is emphasised. An approach to care which is a flexible balance of reality orientation and validation therapy, synchronised with the changing reality and reactions of the older person, is identified as a care recommendation from research.Conclusion. When delirium is experienced during hospitalisation, health care staff have a responsibility to provide care that is person‐centred and sensitive to the older person’s needs. It has been assumed that no harm comes from the use of orientation approaches, and delirium management guidelines have recommended this approach. However, orientation strategies can lead to mistrust of, and distancing from, health care staff and family, so impeding their relationships with carers. Care practices that consider the older person to be unique and that synchronise with the older person’s changing experiences of reality are suggested for further research.Relevance to clinical practice. Caring for an older person in delirium is challenging for health care staff. Reconsideration of, and research into, care strategies during delirium has the potential to improve the quality of care for hospitalised older people.
FADS gene cluster modulates the effect of breastfeeding on asthma. Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus studies
Authors: Standl M. , Sausenthaler S. , Lattka E. , Koletzko S. , Bauer C.‐P. , Wichmann H.‐E. , von Berg A. , Berdel D. , Krämer U. , Schaaf B. , Lehmann I. , Herbarth O. , Klopp N. , Koletzko B. , Heinrich J. ,   for the GINIplus and LISAplus Study Group
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Standl M, Sausenthaler S, Lattka E, Koletzko S, Bauer C‐P, Wichmann H‐E, von Berg A, Berdel D, Krämer U, Schaaf B, Lehmann I, Herbarth O, Klopp N, Koletzko B, Heinrich J. FADS gene cluster modulates the effect of breastfeeding on asthma. Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus studies. Allergy 2012; 67: 83–90.AbstractBackground:  The protective effect of breastfeeding (BF) on the development of asthma has been widely recognized, even if not all results have been consistent. Gene variants of the FADS gene cluster have a major impact on fatty acid composition in blood and in breast milk. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster polymorphisms on the association between BF and asthma.Methods:  The analysis was based on data (N = 2245) from two German prospective birth cohort studies. Information on asthma and BF during the first 6 months was collected using questionnaires completed by the parents. Logistic regression modelling was used to analyse the association between exclusive BF and ever having asthma stratified by genotype.Results:  In the stratified analyses, BF for 3 or 4 months after birth had a protective effect for heterozygous and homozygous carriers of the minor allele (adjusted odds ratio between 0.37 (95% CI: 0.18–0.80) and 0.42 (95% CI: 0.20–0.88). Interaction terms of BF with genotype were significant and ranged from −1.17 (P‐value: 0.015) to −1.33 (0.0066). Moreover, heterozygous and homozygous carriers of the minor allele who were exclusively breastfed for 5 or 6 months after birth had a reduced risk of asthma [0.32 (0.18–0.57) to 0.47 (0.27–0.81)] in the stratified analyses. For individuals carrying the homozygous major allele, BF showed no significant effect on the development of asthma.Conclusions:  The association between exclusive BF and asthma is modified by the genetic variants of FADS genotypes in children.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib relieves systemic and oral antigen‐induced anaphylaxes in mice
Authors: Yamaki K. , Yoshino S. 
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Yamaki K, Yoshino S. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib relieves systemic and oral antigen‐induced anaphylaxes in mice. Allergy 2012; 67: 114–122.AbstractBackground:  Systemic and oral antigen‐induced anaphylaxes are mediated by immunoglobulin (Ig) E and mast cells, but there is no satisfactory treatment for the life‐threatening allergic reaction. We investigated the potential of the multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib to relieve anaphylactic reactions in food allergy and systemic anaphylaxis.Methods:  Efficacy of oral sunitinib on oral and parenteral antigen‐induced anaphylaxes in Balb/c mice was evaluated. IgE‐dependent degranulation and growth of rat basophilic leukemia RBL2H3 and bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMCs) in response to sunitinib were investigated.Results:  Daily administration of sunitinib throughout antigen challenges prevented oral antigen‐induced anaphylaxis including diarrhea, anaphylactic symptoms, and hypothermia. The mouse mast cell protease (MMCP)‐1 concentration in serum and mast cell number in intestinal tissue after challenge were also decreased by the treatment. Spleen cells from sunitinib‐treated mice contained smaller numbers of antigen‐specific IgG‐producing cells and secreted lower amounts of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines than those of the control mice, whereas the levels of antigen‐specific antibodies in serum were not decreased. The reactions and MMCP‐1 release in oral antigen‐induced anaphylaxis and passive systemic anaphylaxis were attenuated even by a single predose of sunitinib. Degranulation and growth of RBL2H3 cells and BMMCs were greatly reduced by sunitinib.Conclusion:  These results suggested that sunitinib relieves systemic and oral antigen‐induced anaphylaxes by the prevention of mast cell activation and hyperplasia in intestinal tissue directly and indirectly through an immunosuppressive effect. Sunitinib and its related kinase inhibitors might be potential drugs for the treatment of food allergy and systemic anaphylaxis.
Oral tolerance induction by partially hydrolyzed whey protein in mice is associated with enhanced numbers of Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes
Authors: van Esch Betty C. A. M. , Schouten Bastiaan , de Kivit Sander , Hofman Gerard A. , Knippels Léon M. J. , Willemsen Linette E. M. , Garssen Johan 
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: van Esch BCAM, Schouten B, de Kivit S, Hofman GA, Knippels LMJ, Willemsen LEM, Garssen J. Oral tolerance induction by partially hydrolyzed whey protein in mice is associated with enhanced numbers of Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011: 22: 820–826.AbstractBackground:  Hypoallergenic formulas are considered a good option for infants at risk for cow’s milk allergy. The aim of this animal study was to investigate whether whey hydrolyzates (WH) have the capacity to induce oral tolerance to whey.Methods:  Whey, partial or extensive WH was given via gavages to naïve mice prior to oral whey sensitization using cholera toxin as an adjuvant. The acute allergic skin response, mouse mast cell protease‐1 (mMCP‐1), whey‐specific IgE, IgG1 and effector Th2‐cells, Th1‐cells, and Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cells were determined in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). MLN cells from tolerized mice were adoptively transferred to naïve recipient mice prior to whey sensitization.Results:  In contrast to the extensive WH, pre‐treatment of naïve mice with whey or partial WH reduced the acute allergic skin response and mast cell degranulation after whey challenge. However, only treatment with whey prevented the generation of serum‐specific IgE/IgG1. In partial WH tolerized mice, Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cell numbers in the MLN were increased compared to whey‐sensitized mice. Both whey and partial WH treatment showed a tendency toward a decreased number of effector Th2‐cells. Transfer of MLN cells from tolerized mice protected recipient mice from developing an acute allergic skin response.Conclusion:  These results show that partial WH with limited sensitizing properties reduced the effector response upon whey challenge. This effect is transferable using MLN cells and was associated with enhanced Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cell numbers in the MLN. Partial WH retained the capacity to induce active immune suppression in mice which may be relevant for allergy prevention.
Historical distribution of the oak processionary moth Thaumetopoea processionea in Europe suggests recolonization instead of expansion
Authors: Groenen Frans , Meurisse Nicolas 
Published: September 2011

The oak processionary moth Thaumetopoea processionea (Notodontidae) is presently distributed in almost all European countries and in part of the Middle East. In the North, its range limit passes through the Netherlands and Germany, and the southern part of Poland and Ukraine. In the South, the species is present in all the countries located on the northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, in Anatolia, and in the mountains surrounding the Dead Sea Transform.
Using information from museum and personal collections, the available literature and other relevant datasets, we show that the species was already largely distributed throughout Europe before 1920. The available data do not provide any evidence of any long‐term latitudinal shift of the species betwen 1750 and 2010.
In the northernmost part of its range, the population dynamics of the species is characterized by important fluctuations. We studied their pattern in Belgium, the Netherlands and part of Germany, after the apparent regional disappearance of the species during the first half of the 20th Century. The data suggest a continuous extent of the apparent distribution of the insect between 1970 and 2009, at a rate of approximately 7.5 km per year.
To explain the present distribution of the species, we discuss possible improvements of environmental conditions that could have triggered local population increases and favoured dispersal to adjacent areas. In addition, human activity, including the commercial movements of infested nursery trees, was recently suspected to be another source of spread over geographical barriers.
Abundance of pest and benign Cerambycidae both increase with decreasing forest productivity
Authors: Raje Kapil R. , Abdel‐Moniem Hossam E. M. , Farlee Lenny , Ferris Virginia R. , Holland Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2011

The sustainable use of forest resources requires an understanding of the influence of site conditions and forest health on both pest species and those species providing ecosystem services such as pollination and decomposition.
The beetle family Cerambycidae is diverse and contains both pest and nonpest species, with many species performing such ecosystem services.
We predicted that as hardwood tree productivity decreased, the proportion of pest Cerambycidae present would increase at a site. We used site index as a measure of hardwood tree productivity.
The proportion of species that were pests did not change with productivity because the abundance of both pest and nonpest species increased with declining productivity.
The findings of the present study have implications for both managing pest species and conserving the biodiversity of nonpest species.
Microdot technology for individual marking of small arthropods
Authors: Whitehead Michael R. , Peakall Rod 
Published: September 2011

Individual mark–release–recapture is an important method for gathering data on insect movement, although it is limited by the constraints of tagging small insects with individual information.
Microdots, originally developed for covert security applications, are small polymer discs (diameter 0.5 mm) bearing up to 26 characters of information and have the potential as an alternative to the larger bee tags. In the present study, we test microdots for the individual marking of a 9‐mm parasitoid wasp.
We individually marked 505 wasps. The recapture rate was 24% of individuals over 189 recapture events, for which 84% retained legible microdot labels. Movement was in the range 0–161 m with a mean displacement 21.2 ± 2.7 m. A captive survival experiment showed no difference in lifespan between marked and unmarked wasps.
The present study shows that microdots can provide an effective, durable, low‐cost method for individually tagging small insects. The technique offers new opportunities by greatly expanding the capability for individually marking small insects, shifting the minimum size below that of bee tags, which is the only other manufactured option for individualized miniature marking.
Exploring the Link Between Caregiver Affect and Adolescent Sexual Behavior: Does Neighborhood Disadvantage Matter?
Authors: Gardner Margo , Martin, Anne , Brooks‐Gunn Jeanne 
Published: September 2011

In a sample of urban youth (N = 1,070), we examined the links between primary caregiver affect (i.e., warmth and hostility) and two measures of sexual behavior in adolescence—early sexual initiation and sex with multiple partners. We also examined the extent to which neighborhood disadvantage moderated associations between caregiver affect and adolescent sexual behavior. We found that caregiver hostility was positively associated with early sex and sex with multiple partners in neighborhoods characterized by high levels of disadvantage, but inversely associated with both sex outcomes in neighborhoods characterized by low levels of disadvantage. Caregiver warmth, on the other hand, was inversely associated with early sexual initiation and sex with multiple partners in all neighborhoods, regardless of neighborhood disadvantage.
Focal Common Carotid Artery Intramural Hematoma
Authors: Viaccoz Aurélien , Perren Fabienne 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIsolated focal common carotid artery dissection is a rare condition.CASE REPORTA 43‐year‐old healthy woman suffered for the first time from a transient episode of word‐finding difficulties, which was associated with her typical migraine headaches. A month prior to this event she had suffered from a minor whiplash injury. On routine work‐up we found an isolated focal left common carotid mural hematoma and tiny acute left posterior watershed lesions on diffusion weighted images.CONCLUSIONFocal isolated common carotid artery dissection is a rare condition not to be overlooked. This case presents an incidental finding possibly of traumatic nature. In the presence of concomitant migraine its causal embolic relation to the transient word‐finding difficulties must remain open.
Androgen levels are associated with blood pressure in pregnant women after term
Authors: CARLSEN SVEN M. , HEIMSTAD RUNA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective. To assess possible associations between androgen, estrogen and insulin levels and blood pressure in pregnant women after term, compared with the effect of other well‐known factors. Design. Cross‐sectional retrospective study. Setting. University Hospital, Trondheim region. Population. Four hundred and eighty‐nine post‐term women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Methods. Blood pressure measurements and fasting serum samples drawn one week beyond the estimated day of delivery (defined as 41+2weeks). Main Outcome Measures. Blood pressure, maternal age, body mass index, parity, smoking habits and serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstendione, free testosterone index, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, 17‐hydroxy‐progesterone and insulin. Results. In univariate linear regression analyses, body mass index, androstendione, free testosterone index and insulin were positively associated and parity was negatively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In multivariate linear regression analyses, systolic blood pressure was positively associated with body mass index and free testosterone index, but negatively associated with parity and 17‐hydroxy‐progesterone levels, while diastolic blood pressure was positively associated with age and free testosterone index, but negatively associated with parity and 17‐hydroxy‐progesterone levels. Conclusion. Testosterone may increase blood pressure in pregnant women, while 17‐hydroxy‐progesterone may have the opposite effect.
Expression of odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein, amelotin, ameloblastin, and amelogenin in odontogenic tumors: immunohistochemical analysis and pathogenetic considerations
Authors: Crivelini Marcelo Macedo , Felipini Renata Callestini , Miyahara Glauco Issamu , de Sousa Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado 
Published: September 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 272–280Screening for expression of amelogenesis‐related proteins represents a powerful molecular approach to characterize odontogenic tumors and investigate their pathogenesis. In this study, we have examined the presence and distribution of odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein (ODAM), amelotin (AMTN), ameloblastin (AMBN), and amelogenin (AMEL) by immunohistochemistry in samples of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), developing odontoma, ameloblastoma, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), ameloblastic fibroma (AF), myxoma, odontogenic fibroma (OF), and reduced enamel epithelia (REE). Positive results were obtained in those tumors with epithelial component, except for AF, OF, and ameloblastoma. ODAM was found around mineralized structures (dystrophic calcifications) and CEOT’s amyloid, whereas AMTN stained the eosinophilic material of AOTs. The CCOT transitory cells to ghost cells were strongly positive with all proteins except AMEL, and the REE as well as odontomas showed immunoexpression for ODAM, AMTN, AMBN, and AMEL similar to those found in normal rat tooth germs. Based on these results, some histopathogenetic theories were formulated.