bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF “LYING” IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DETECTION
Authors: Kugelmass Sol , Lieblich Israel , Bergman Zeev 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAn experiment was designed to examine the role of lying behavior, per se, as the basis for experimental psychophysiological detection of deception. In addition to the standard card‐test procedure, a second procedure required the S to say “yes” to every question posed relating to the card chosen. This variation involved telling the “truth” in respect to the critical card in contrast to the usual procedure in which he is required to “lie.” With the use of the galvanic skin response (GSR)channel, significant detection rates were obtained for both procedures with nosignificant difference between them. Some theoretical issues related to the findings were explored.
AN INEXPENSIVE LEVEL DETECTOR
Authors: Swinnen Maurice E. T. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA solid‐state Schmitt trigger has been designed with the aim of providing reliable triggering at ± 5 v on any input waveform. Input impedance is high; hysteresis, rise and fall times, and circuit delay are extremely short. Power consumption is small. Power supply ripple and instability are eliminated by the use of a battery power pack. Construction time, cost, and technical difficulties are reduced with a solid‐state encapsulated module.
Affective Response to Color‐Slide Stimuli in Subjects with Physical Anhedonia: A Three‐Systems Analysis
Authors: Fitzgibbons Lee , Simons Robert F. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTEmotion‐provoking visual stimuli were presented to college undergraduates identified as anhe‐donic or normal, based on their scores on the Physical Anhedonia Scale (Chapman, Chapman, & Raulin, 1976). The affective stimuli (35 mm color slides) were chosen to elicit a wide range of both positive and negative emotion, with emotional response assessed through affective judgments, viewing time, and monitoring of a variety of physiological systems (heart rate, skin conductance, and facial musculature). The experiment was successful in demonstrating differential emotional response in the two subject groups; anhedonic subjects reported a less positive response than control subjects to positive and neutral stimuli and showed no association between heart rate and the emotion content of the slides. Paradoxically, activity in the muscles of facial expression was greater in anhedonic than control subjects during the presentation of both positive and negative slides. No between‐group differences were noted in the viewing‐time measure. The results are discussed in the context of Lang's bioinformational theory of human emotion (Lang, 1984, 1985).
Taking Attention to Task: P300, Task Response Probability, and Within‐Category Deviation Detection
Authors: Nasman Victoria Tepe , Rosenfeld J. Peter 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTPreviously, we reported enhanced P3 amplitudes to between‐category deviations among high and low probability events. Here, we tested the effects of a within‐category difference. Subjects performed a go/no‐go button press task as they viewed repeated, randomly‐ordered presentations of nine double‐digit numbers. Eight numbers fell within a prescribed range (42–49, standards); prior to testing, subjects selected one standard number for later recall. A ninth, out‐of‐range (91, deviant) number was also included. Subjects were tested under two conditions, in which they responded either to one (low response probability) or to seven (high response probability) standard nonselected numbers, designated as targets. Relatively larger P3s were consistently apparent only when the deviant nontarget was associated with a low probability response to a nontarget. There was a selective effect of nontarget response probability on P3 amplitude to the deviant nontarget. Our results indicate that within‐category deviation detection is facilitated by “controlled”attention to the structure of the stimulus field.
Word Frequency and Multiple Repetition as Determinants of the Modulation of Event‐Related Potentials in a Semantic Classification Task
Authors: Young Malcolm P. , Rugg Michael D. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTWe recorded event‐related potentials while subjects performed a category membership decision task. The stimuli were words of high and low frequency of occurrence in written English, and each was presented four times. The experiment was intended to explore the interaction of word frequency and multiple repetition on the event‐related potential, and thence to investigate the possible loci in time of the effects of these variables. First presentations of low and high frequency words evoked event‐related potentials which differed in the presence, in the low word frequency waveforms, of a right‐hemisphere dominant negativity peaking at 400 ms. This negativity was very similar to the N400 which may be sensitive to the semantic relations among words in a sequence. Initial repetition diminished this midlatency difference, but gave rise to both earlier and later frequency‐related differences. Subsequent multiple repetition abolished the early frequency‐related repetition effect, but did not affect amplitudes in the region of N400, nor did it abolish a late positivity, present only for repeated low frequency words.
Aerobic Fitness and Opioidergic Inhibition of Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity
Authors: McCubbin James A. , Cheung Robyn , Montgomery Thomas B. , Bulbulian Ronald , Wilson John F. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe role of endogenous opioids in aerobic fitness‐induced decrements in cardiovascular stress reactivity was examined by comparing the effects of opioid antagonism with naltrexone on responses to stress in young adults with high versus low levels of aerobic fitness. Two hundred forty subjects were given an activity questionnaire and males with the highest (Fit) and lowest (Nonfit) aerobic activity profiles were recruited for maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max) treadmill testing and psychological stress testing (final sample N=28). Heart rate and blood pressures were measured during performance on a computer‐controlled arithmetic task after pretreatment with either naltrexone (Trexan, DuPont) or a placebo. During placebo challenges, Fit subjects, compared with Nonfit, showed lower heart rate reactivity during stress and lower mean arterial blood pressures immediately before and during recovery from stress. Naltrexone eliminated these reactivity differences by increasing heart rate reactivity and raising mean arterial blood pressure in Fit subjects. These data suggest that aerobic fitness is associated with enhanced opioidergic inhibition of circulatory stress reactivity. Opioidergic modulatory effects on stress reactivity may comprise an important mechanism in fitness‐associated risk reduction for cardiovascular disease.
Alternate Cardiovascular Baseline Assessment Techniques: Vanilla or Resting Baseline
Authors: Jennings J. Richard , Kamarck Thomas , Stewart Christopher , Eddy Michael , Johnson Paul 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe accurate evaluation of cardiovascular reactions to psychological challenge requires stable baselines against which change can be evaluated. When more than one challenge is employed, the recovery of this baseline becomes important in order to avoid carryover effects. Resting periods, even those of 20 min or more, do not guarantee baseline stability. We compared a 20‐min resting condition and a new form of baseline condition in 48 college men using video tasks as the psychological challenges. The new form was a minimally demanding color detection task, termed the “vanilla”baseline condition. A 10‐min version and a 20‐min version of this condition were tested. Comparisons to 10‐min resting baselines were made using our prior work and values from the literature. Vanilla baseline conditions were shown to be equal to or better than resting baseline conditions using criteria of between‐ and within‐baseline stability, amplitude and significance of responsivity, and generalizability between sessions on separate days. Ten‐minute resting baselines also showed acceptable stability, questioning the value of lengthy baselines. The good performance of the 10‐min vanilla baseline in initial and replication samples supported its utility for estimating baselines for many purposes.
Predicting ambulatory blood pressure during school: Effectiveness of social and nonsocial reactivity tasks in black and white adolescents
Authors: EWART CRAIG K. , KOLODNER KENNETH B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe evaluated a newly developed stress task, the Social Competence Interview, and three nonsocial tasks (video game, mirror drawing, mental arithmetic) for ability to predict ambulatory blood pressure in 237 black and white adolescents. Blood pressure was measured in laboratory, classroom, and transition (between‐class) settings. A resting laboratory baseline explained 10–49% of the variance in ambulatory blood pressure levels; the ability of the stress tasks to explain additional variance was assessed in multiple regression analyses. Only the blood pressure response to the interview enhanced prediction of classroom and transition systolic and diastolic pressures in the total sample and in blacks, whites, females, and males – even when the interview data were entered into a hierarchical regression model after those for the other three tasks were entered. Mirror drawing improved prediction of transition systolic blood pressure in the total sample, and mental arithmetic plus the interview improved prediction of classroom diastolic pressure in black males; however, video game failed to enter any predictive equation. Racial subgroup analyses disclosed that the interview data predicted systolic pressure in whites but predicted diastolic pressure in blacks, indicating biological differences in blood pressure regulation. An interview that elicits characteristic thoughts and social behaviors appears to represent a promising approach to examining environmental influences on blood pressure.
Patterns and stability of cardiovascular responses to variations of the cold pressor test
Authors: DUREL LYNN A. , KUS LISA A. , ANDERSON NORMAN B. , McNEILLY MAYA , LLABRE MARIA M. , SPITZER SUSAN , SAAB PATRICE G. , EFLAND JAY , WILLIAMS REDFORD , SCHNEIDERMAN NEIL 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTest‐retest reliabilities and patterns of heart rate and blood pressure responses were examined using variations in the cold pressor test in 113 normotensive white college men. Comparisons were made of stimulus site (forehead vs. foot) and bodily posture (seated vs. supine) across four separate groups of men. The stability of cardiovascular responses was examined over a 2‐week test‐retest interval. Different cardiovascular response patterns emerged as a function of stimulation site and posture. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increases were accompanied by bradycardia in the forehead cold pressor task but by tachycardia in the foot cold pressor task. Systolic blood pressure increases were larger for foot than for forehead stimulation. Heart rate increases were larger for supine than for seated men. Effects on response were independent of postural differences at baseline, and there were no stimulation site by posture interactions. The cardiovascular responses to stimulation did not attenuate across sessions in any experimental condition but were more reliable for foot than for forehead stimulation and for supine than for seated posture. Short‐term stability for changes to the task approached that for baseline and task and was higher than has been reported elsewhere.
Semantic priming and stimulus degradation: Implications for the role of the N400 in language processing
Authors: HOLCOMB PHILLIP J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo experiments explored the effects of stimulus degradation on behavioral and event‐related potential (ERP) measures of semantic priming. The primary goal was to help elucidate the psychological processes that underlie the N400 component. In both experiments, subjects made speeded lexical decisions to words and pseudowords preceded by either semantically related or unrelated prime words. In one block of trials, the target stimuli were intact, and in a second block they were degraded by removing a random 33% of the elements making up each letter of the target (Experiment 1) or by overlaying a matrix of dots on the target (Experiment 2). In both experiments, subjects responded faster and more accurately to related targets than to unrelated targets (behavioral semantic priming effect), and this priming effect was greater when the target was degraded. However, although the N400 component was larger for unrelated than related targets (ERP semantic priming effect), there was no evidence that this difference was larger in the degraded block of either experiment. These results indicate that the behavioral and ERP measures reported here appear to be tapping into different components of the process(es) involved in semantic priming. The implication of the results for the linguistic processes underlying the N400 are discussed.
Correspondence between brain ERP and behavioral asymmetries in a dichotic complex tone test
Authors: TENKE CRAIG E. , BRUDER GERARD E. , TOWEY JAMES P. , LEITE PAUL , SIDTIS JOHN J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractElectrophysiologic correlates of perceptual asymmetry for dichotic pitch discrimination were investigated in 20 normal subjects. Brain event‐related potentials (ERPs) elicited by dichotic pairs and binaural probe tones in the Complex Tone Test (Sidtis, 1981) were recorded from homologous scalp locations over left and right hemispheres (F3, F4; C3, C4; P3, P4; O1, O2). Baseline‐to‐peak amplitudes were measured for N100, P200, and a late positive complex consisting of P350, P550, and slow wave. A left ear advantage (LEA) was evident in 70% of the subjects, and hemispheric asymmetries related to this behavioral asymmetry were found for P350 and P550 amplitudes to probe stimuli. Subjects with a strong LEA had greater amplitudes over the right hemisphere than the left, whereas subjects with little or no LEA showed a nonsignificant trend toward the opposite hemispheric asymmetry. Hemispheric asymmetry of these late ERPs at parietal and occipital sites was highly correlated with behavioral asymmetry. These findings suggest the utility of electrophysiological measures in assessing hemispheric asymmetries for processing complex pitch information.
Interstimulus interval and the selective‐attention effect on auditory ERPs:
Authors: TEDER W. , ALHO K. , REINIKAINEN K. , NÄÄTÄNEN R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe attention effect on the auditory event‐related potential (ERP) in dichotic conditions was studied as a function of the interstimulus interval (ISI). Subjects attended to stimuli delivered to a designated ear and responded to infrequent pitch deviants in this input. The mean ISI was either 80, 160, 480, or 800 ms. Negative difference waves (Nds) were computed by subtracting ERPs to unattended standards from ERPs to the same stimuli when attended.The exogenous Nl, as estimated from unattended standard ERPs, was larger contralaterally to the stimulus and inverted in polarity at mastoids. With decreasing ISIs, Nl diminished in amplitude much faster than did the Nd. In addition, Nl latency remained stable, whereas Nd peaked markedly earlier with shorter ISIs, almost perfectly coinciding with the exogenous Nl. However, this temporal coincidence found in grand averages proved to be illusory in single subjects.The early Nd showed no contralateral asymmetry at its peak, but asymmetry was apparent during the ascending slope. These lateral asymmetries resembled those of the exogenous Nl but occurred later. The early Nd peak was, at least mainly, caused by an endogenous attention effect, the processing negativity (PN), even with very short ISIs, but an effect on the exogenous Nl could not be excluded.
Frontal brain asymmetry and emotional reactivity: A biological substrate of affective style
Authors: WHEELER ROBERT E. , DAVIDSON RICHARD J. , TOMARKEN ANDREW J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIndividuals differ dramatically in the quality and intensity of their response to affectively evocative stimuli. On the basis of prior theory and research, we hypothesized that these individual differences are related to variation in activation of the left and right frontal brain regions. We recorded baseline brain electrical activity from subjects on two occasions 3 weeks apart. Immediately following the second recording, subjects were exposed to brief positive and negative emotional film clips. For subjects whose frontal asymmetry was stable across the 3‐week period, greater left frontal activation was associated with reports of more intense positive affect in response to the positive films, whereas greater right frontal activation was associated with more intense reports of negative affect in response to the negative film clips. The methodological and theoretical implications of these data are discussed.
Distortion of ERP averages due to overlap from temporally adjacent ERPs: Analysis and correction
Authors: WOLDORFF MARTY G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn studies of event‐related potentials (ERPs), short interstimulus intervals (ISIs) are often employed to investigate certain neural or psychological phenomena. At short ISIs, however, the ERP responses to successive stimuli may overlap, thereby distorting the ERP averages. This paper describes a signal processing approach for analyzing the distortion of ERP averages due to such overlap. In general, the distortion is modeled in terms of mathematical convolutions of the ERP waveform elicited by each type of adjacent stimulus with the corresponding distribution in time of those stimuli relative to the averaging epoch. Using this framework, a number of implications of ERP overlap for experimental design and interpretation are examined, with special emphasis given to selective attention paradigms. It is shown that the possibility of confound due to ERP overlap is widespread in short‐ISI experiments, and even the widely used procedure of stimulus randomization does not necessarily control for differential distortion of the ERPs to attended versus inattended stimuli. Problems due to ERP overlap can be particularly serious in short‐ISI studies that examine how ERPs (and associated perceptual processes) are influenced by the nature of the preceding stimulus (i.e., stimulus sequence effects). A set of algorithms is presented for estimating and removing the residual distortion due to response overlap from recorded ERP averages. The use of these algorithms, collectively termed the Adjacent Response (Adjar) Technique, can alleviate many of the overlaprelated problems that arise when short ISIs are used, thereby enhancing the power of the ERP technique.
Validation of surface EMG as a measure of intravaginal and intra‐abdominal activity: Implications for biofeedback‐assisted Kegel exercises
Authors: WORKMAN DON E. , CASSISI JEFFREY E. , DOUGHERTY MOLLY C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study validates surface EMG as a measure of pelvic muscle and abdominal activity by showing its high correlation to internal pressure data. Using standardized scores, between‐subjects correlation of perineal EMG and intravaginal pressure was r= .75, and the correlation of abdominal EMG and intra‐abdominal pressure was r= .72. Discriminant validity was also demonstrated by showing low correlation between standardized abdominal and perineal EMG measurements (r= .10). A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that visual and auditory biofeedback of EMG during pelvic floor contractions increases intravaginal pressure when compared with trials without biofeedback. Potential benefits of fabric electrodes include reduced invasiveness and risk and the ease with which patients can utilize this technology for home practice.
The late Nd reflects a memory trace containing amodal spatial information
Authors: Meehan Sean , Singhal Anthony , Fowler Barry 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe early Nd reflects the analysis of simple features of selectively attended auditory stimuli, but the precise nature of the more complex processing reflected by the late Nd is unclear. The late but not the early Nd is sensitive to interference from a concurrently presented visual spatial attention switching task. This experiment investigated whether the late Nd is also sensitive to deeper visual attention switching. Twenty‐one subjects performed a dichotic listening task concurrently with either visual spatial or visual letter matching attention switching tasks. Late Nd amplitude was reduced by the spatial but not the letter matching task, indicating insensitivity to deeper attention switching. P300 amplitude was reduced by both tasks. Reductions in N100 and P200 were uncorrelated. We propose that, in part, the late Nd reflects an amodal memory trace containing spatial information, possibly involving a “where” rather than a “what” auditory pathway.
Serum anti‐Mullerian hormone is a useful measure of quantitative ovarian reserve but does not predict the chances of live‐birth pregnancy
Authors: TREMELLEN Kelton , KOLO Michelle 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Serum anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) is an established marker of the number of oocytes left within a woman’s ovaries (quantitative ovarian reserve). However, it is presently unclear if serum AMH also measures oocyte quality and therefore the chances of successful live‐birth pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine if serum AMH assessed ovarian reserve correlates with chances of live birth (LB) and miscarriage following intra‐uterine insemination (IUI) treatment.Methods:  In this retrospective study, serum AMH percentile charts were developed using AMH measurements from 1032 women undergoing routine infertility investigation. A total of 244 women undergoing IUI treatments were classified according to whether they had low (first quartile), normal (second and third quartiles) or high (fourth quartile) serum AMH concentrations relative to their age, and the subsequent pregnancy outcomes were analysed.Results:  Serum AMH concentration fell with advancing maternal age and serum AMH concentrations were well correlated with quantitative ovarian reserve (antral follicle counts, AFC). The LB and miscarriage rates in each of the four AMH quartiles did not differ significantly from one another.Conclusions:  Serum AMH is a useful marker of quantitative but not qualitative ovarian reserve as it correlates well with AFC, yet bears no relation to chances of live‐birth or miscarriage.
Strategic Actions and Credit Spreads: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: DAVYDENKO SERGEI A. , STREBULAEV ILYA A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTDo strategic actions of borrowers and lenders affect corporate debt values? We find higher bond spreads for firms that can renegotiate debt contracts relatively easily. Consistent with theories of strategic debt service, the threat of strategic default depresses bond values ex ante, even though there may be efficiency gains from renegotiation ex post. However, the economic significance of the net effect is small, suggesting that bondholders have considerable bargaining power. The effect of strategic actions is higher when creditors are particularly vulnerable to strategic threats, including risky firms with high managerial shareholding, simple debt structures, and high liquidation costs.