bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of thioredoxin f1 leads to decreased light activation of ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase and altered diurnal starch turnover in leaves of Arabidopsis plants
Authors: THORMÄHLEN INA , RUBER JOACHIM , VON ROEPENACK‐LAHAYE EDDA , EHRLICH SVEN‐MATTHIAS , MASSOT VINCENT , HÜMMER CHRISTINE , TEZYCKA JUSTYNA , ISSAKIDIS‐BOURGUET EMMANUELLE , GEIGENBERGER PETER 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTChloroplast thioredoxin f (Trx f) is an important regulator of primary metabolic enzymes. However, genetic evidence for its physiological importance is largely lacking. To test the functional significance of Trx f in vivo, Arabidopsis mutants with insertions in the trx f1 gene were studied, showing a drastic decrease in Trx f leaf content. Knockout of Trx f1 led to strong attenuation in reductive light activation of ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), the key enzyme of starch synthesis, in leaves during the day and in isolated chloroplasts, while sucrose‐dependent redox activation of AGPase in darkened leaves was not affected. The decrease in light‐activation of AGPase in leaves was accompanied by a decrease in starch accumulation, an increase in sucrose levels and a decrease in starch‐to‐sucrose ratio. Analysis of metabolite levels at the end of day shows that inhibition of starch synthesis was unlikely due to shortage of substrates or changes in allosteric effectors. Metabolite profiling by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry pinpoints only a small number of metabolites affected, including sugars, organic acids and ethanolamine. Interestingly, metabolite data indicate carbon shortage in trx f1 mutant leaves at the end of night. Overall, results provide in planta evidence for the role played by Trx f in the light activation of AGPase and photosynthetic carbon partitioning in plants.
Why older patients of lower clinical urgency choose to attend the emergency department
Authors: Lowthian J. A. , Smith C. , Stoelwinder J. U. , Smit D. V. , McNeil J. J. , Cameron P. A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground/AimsTo examine non‐clinical factors associated with emergency department (ED) attendance by lower urgency older patients.MethodsAn exploratory descriptive study comprising structured interviews with lower urgency community‐dwelling patients aged ≥70 years presenting to a tertiary metropolitan Melbourne public hospital ED. Demographical and clinical characteristics, self‐reported feelings of social connectedness, perceived accessibility to primary care, reason for attending ED were measured.ResultsOne hundred patients were interviewed: mean age 82 years, 56% female, 57% lived alone; 73% presented during business hours, 58% arrived by ambulance, 80% presented for illness, and 65% were discharged home within 48 h. Fifty‐six per cent of patients reported feeling socially disconnected, comprising 49% living alone compared with 65% who lived with their spouse/family. All patients attended a regular general practitioner, 31% reporting regular review appointments. Thirty‐five per cent reported waiting times >2–3 days for urgent problems; 59% stated accessing care ‘after hours’ without attending ED as difficult, with 20% having attended ED 3–6 times in the previous 12 months. Reasons for attending ED were referral by a third party, difficulty with accessibility to primary care, patient preferences for timely care and fast‐track access to specialist care.ConclusionsMost older patients of lower clinical urgency presented to ED because of perceived access block to primary or specialist services, alongside an expectation of more timely and specialised care. This suggests that EDs should be redesigned and/or integrated community‐based models of care developed to meet the specific needs of this age group who have growing demand for acute care.
Better estimates of survival for patients considering adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for early non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: McCaughan G. J. , Blinman P. L. , Boyer M. J. , Stockler M. R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to summarise and describe survival data from contemporary randomised trials of platinum‐based adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The goal was to assist clinicians to provide better estimates of survival for patients considering adjuvant chemotherapy following surgical resection for NSCLC.MethodsRandomised trials of cisplatin‐based adjuvant chemotherapy for resected NSCLC were identified. Survival rates at 1, 2, 5, 7 and 10 years and the following percentiles (scenario): 90th (worst case), 75th (lower typical), median, 25th (upper typical) and 10th (best case) were extracted from each overall survival (OS) curve.ResultsThirty‐eight OS curves from 19 trials (7042 patients) were analysed. With adjuvant chemotherapy, the median OS rate (interquartile range) at 1 year was 91% (85–95), 2 years was 73% (69–88), 5 years was 61% (45–65) and 7 years was 49% (38–65). With observation only, the median OS rate (interquartile range) at 1 year was 88% (83–92), 2 years was 74% (65–82), 5 years was 55% (42–58) and 7 years was 40% (34–45). In both arms, survival rates at 2, 5 and 7 years were well estimated by raising the 1‐year survival rate to the power of two, five and seven respectively. Few trials reported survival rates at 10 years.ConclusionSimple percentages and their powers provide a useful starting point for estimating and describing survival to patients considering adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for NSCLC.
Obesity: lessons from evolution and the environment
Authors: Heitmann B. L. , Westerterp K. R. , Loos R. J. F. , Sørensen T. I. A. , O'Dea K. , McLean P. , Jensen T. K. , Eisenmann J. , Speakman J. R. , Simpson S. J. , Reed D. R. , Westerterp‐Plantenga M. S. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe 9th Stock Conference acknowledged the complex background of genetic, cultural, environmental and evolutionary factors of obesity. Gene–environment interactions underlie the flexibility in body‐weight and body‐fat regulation, illustrated by the hunter‐gatherers' feast and famine lifestyle, the variation in physical activity over the lifespan being highest at reproductive age, the variation in energy intake through ‘eating in the absence of hunger’, while running the risk of exceeding the capacity of triacylglyceride storage, leading to lipotoxicity and metabolic problems. Perinatal metabolic programming for obesity via epigenetic changes in response to a ‘Western diet’ results in production of lipid‐poor milk and metabolically efficient pups, contributing to the perpetuation of obesity throughout generations. Evolutionary insight from comparative physiology and ecology indicates that over generations activity‐induced energy expenditure has remained the same compared to wild mammals, that energy balance might be dependant on protein balance, while the function of taste changed from detection of poison or energy to social drinking and social behaviour. At present, the impact of assortative mating on obesity prevalence is unambiguously positive. The complexity that appeared can only be fully appreciated by setting the data into the context of our evolutionary history.
Examining electrodermal hyporeactivity as a marker of externalizing psychopathology: A twin study
Authors: Isen Joshua D. , Iacono William G. , Malone Stephen M. , McGue Matt 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLiterature suggests that reduced electrodermal reactivity (EDR) is related to externalizing problems. However, the genetic and environmental etiology of this association is unknown. Using a standard habituation paradigm, we measured responses to 15 loud tones in four cohorts of adolescent twins (N = 2,129). We quantified EDR as the average size of elicited responses (amplitude) and by counting the number of skin conductance responses (frequency). Externalizing liability was indexed through a general factor underlying substance‐related problems and antisocial behavior. Response frequency, but not mean amplitude, was inversely associated with externalizing liability in each twin cohort. Biometric modeling revealed that most of the overlap between response frequency and externalizing liability was due to genetic influences common to both phenotypes. It is argued that neurological mechanisms involved in habituation may shed light on the etiology of psychopathology.
The selective sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulator BAF312 redirects lymphocyte distribution and has species‐specific effects on heart rate
Authors: Gergely P , Nuesslein‐Hildesheim B , Guerini D , Brinkmann V , Traebert M , Bruns C , Pan S , Gray NS , Hinterding K , Cooke NG , Groenewegen A , Vitaliti A , Sing T , Luttringer O , Yang J , Gardin A , Wang N , Crumb Jr WJ , Saltzman M , Rosenberg M , Wallström E 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEBAF312 is a next‐generation sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, selective for S1P1 and S1P5 receptors. S1P1 receptors are essential for lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes and a drug target in immune‐mediated diseases. Here, we have characterized the immunomodulatory potential of BAF312 and the S1P receptor‐mediated effects on heart rate using preclinical and human data.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHBAF312 was tested in a rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Electrophysiological recordings of G‐protein‐coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels were carried out in human atrial myocytes. A Phase I multiple‐dose trial studied the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of BAF312 in 48 healthy subjects.KEY RESULTSBAF312 effectively suppressed EAE in rats by internalizing S1P1 receptors, rendering them insensitive to the egress signal from lymph nodes. In healthy volunteers, BAF312 caused preferential decreases in CD4+ T cells, Tnaïve, Tcentral memory and B cells within 4–6 h. Cell counts returned to normal ranges within a week after stopping treatment, in line with the elimination half‐life of BAF312. Despite sparing S1P3 receptors (associated with bradycardia in mice), BAF312 induced rapid, transient (day 1 only) bradycardia in humans. BAF312‐mediated activation of GIRK channels in human atrial myocytes can fully explain the bradycardia.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONSThis study illustrates species‐specific differences in S1P receptor specificity for first‐dose cardiac effects. Based on its profound but rapidly reversible inhibition of lymphocyte trafficking, BAF312 may have potential as a treatment for immune‐mediated diseases.
Multiple anti‐inflammatory pathways triggered by resveratrol lead to amelioration of staphylococcal enterotoxin B‐induced lung injury
Authors: Rieder Sadiye Amcaoglu , Nagarkatti Prakash , Nagarkatti Mitzi 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEInhalation of the superantigen,staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), leads to the activation of the host T and invariant natural killer (iNK) T cells, thereby resulting in acute lung inflammation and respiratory failure but the underlying mechanism(s) of disease remain elusive, with limited treatment options. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effectiveness of resveratrol, a plant polyphenol, during SEB‐induced lung inflammation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHC57BL/6 mice were exposed to SEB (50 µg·per mouse), administered intranasally, and were treated with resveratrol (100 mg·kg−1) before or after SEB exposure. Lung injury was studied by measuring vascular permeability, histopathological examination, nature of infiltrating cells, inflammatory cytokine induction in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), apoptosis in SEB‐activated T cells and regulation of SIRT1 and NF‐κB signalling pathways.KEY RESULTSPretreatment and post‐treatment with resveratrol significantly reduced SEB‐induced pulmonary vascular permeability, and inflammation. Resveratrol significantly reduced lung infiltrating cells and attenuated the cytokine storm in SEB‐exposed mice, which correlated with increased caspase‐8‐dependent apoptosis in SEB‐activated T cells. Resveratrol treatment also markedly up‐regulated Cd11b+ and Gr1+ myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that inhibited SEB‐mediated T cell activation in vitro. In addition, resveratrol treatment was accompanied by up‐regulation of SIRT1 and down‐regulation of NF‐κB in the inflammatory cells of the lungs.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThe current study demonstrates that resveratrol may constitute a novel therapeutic modality to prevent and treat SEB‐induced lung inflammation inasmuch because it acts through several pathways to reduce pulmonary inflammation.
Complications in Postacute Care Are Associated with Persistent Delirium
Authors: Anderson Corrie P. , Ngo Long H. , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesTo investigate whether complications in postacute care (PAC) are associated with delirium persistence 30 days after PAC admission.DesignObservational cohort study.SettingEight Boston‐area PAC facilities.ParticipantsThree hundred fifty individuals with delirium at PAC admission.MeasurementsParticipants were interviewed at PAC admission and 30 days later. Delirium presence was determined using the Confusion Assessment Method. Medical record reviews were performed to ascertain new cardiac, noncardiac, and geriatric syndrome complications in PAC. Complication status was also determined 30 days after admission or at PAC discharge, whichever came first.ResultsParticipants (mean age 83.6, 66% female) experienced the following incidence of PAC complications: cardiac complications (7%), noncardiac complications (21%), and geriatric syndrome complications (39%). Delirium persisted in 56% of participants 1 month after PAC admission. Neither cardiac nor noncardiac complications were associated with delirium persistence. Delirium persistence at 1 month was significantly greater in participants, with more geriatric syndrome complications (no complications, 51%; one complication 61%; ≥2 complications, 100%, adjusted P = .048). There was also a trend toward greater delirium persistence in participants with unresolved geriatric syndrome complications (no complications, 51%; resolved complication, 61%; unresolved complication, 68%; adjusted P = .10).ConclusionGeriatric syndrome complications are common in individuals admitted to PAC with delirium and are associated with persistence of delirium 1 month later. Proactively addressing risk factors for geriatric syndromes may improve outcomes of vulnerable individuals in PAC.
Effects of Sleep Apnea Syndrome on Delayed Memory and Executive Function in Elderly Adults
Authors: Ju Gawon , Yoon In‐Young , Lee Sang Don , Kim Tae Hui , Choe Jin Young , Kim Ki Woong 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesTo identify differences in cognitive function between elderly adults with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and healthy controls.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingSleep laboratory at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.
ParticipantsSixty‐three elderly adults (26 female; mean age 68.2 ± 4.8) without cognitive disorders.MeasurementsSleep‐laboratory polysomnography findings and cognitive function results determined using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery.ResultsWhen the control group (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) < 15) was compared with the groups with mild to moderate (15 ≤ AHI < 30) and severe (AHI ≥ 30) SAS, significant differences in delayed recall (P = .003) and errors on the Trail‐Making Test Part B (TMT B; P = .009) were observed, with participants with severe SAS showing greater impairment on both tests than controls (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression showed that oxygen desaturation index (β = −0.37, P = .003) and educational level (β = 0.24, P = .04) determined delayed recall impairment (adjusted coefficient of determination (R
2) = 17.8%, P = .003). TMT B errors were independently associated with educational level (β = −0.41, P = .001) and AHI (β = 0.31, P = .007; adjusted R
2 = 25.7%, P = .001).ConclusionSevere SAS is associated with measures of delayed recall and executive function in cognitively healthy older adults. Although further study is needed, this evidence may provide further rationale for the treatment of SAS in older adults. Moreover, the role of SAS as a risk factor for cognitive disorders needs to be determined.
Screening for Cognitive Impairment: Comparing the Performance of Four Instruments in Primary Care
Authors: Holsinger Tracey , Plassman Brenda L. , Stechuchak Karen M. , Burke James R. , Coffman Cynthia J. , Williams John W. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesTo determine whether brief cognitive screening tests perform as well as a longer screening test in diagnosis of cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) or dementia.DesignA cross‐sectional comparison of cognitive screening tests to an independent criterion standard evaluation using
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) criteria. Performance of the cognitive screening tests for identifying dementia, and separately for identifying dementia or CIND, was characterized using sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios.SettingThree Department of Veterans Affairs primary care clinics.ParticipantsOf 826 independently living veterans aged 65 and older without a prior diagnosis of dementia, 639 participated and 630 were assigned a research diagnosis.MeasurementsScreening tests included the modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (3MS; average time to administer, 17 minutes) and three brief instruments: the Memory Impairment Screen (MIS; 4 minutes), the Mini‐Cog (3 minutes), and a novel two‐item functional memory screen (MF‐2; 1.5 minutes).ResultsParticipants were aged 74.8 on average and were mostly white or black. They were mostly male (92.9%) and had been prescribed a mean of 7.7 medications for chronic conditions. The prevalence of dementia and CIND was 3.3% and 39.2%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for dementia were 86% and 79% for the 3MS, 76% and 73% for the Mini‐Cog, 43% and 93% for the MIS, and 38% and 87% for the MF‐2, respectively.ConclusionIn individuals without a prior diagnosis of cognitive impairment, the prevalence of dementia was low, but the prevalence of CIND was high. The 3MS and Mini‐Cog had reasonable performance characteristics for detecting dementia, but a definitive diagnosis requires additional evaluation.
Sustaining the Benefits of a Quality Initiative through Cooperative Values: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kull Thomas J. , Narasimhan Ram , Schroeder Roger 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAlthough research has shown that organizational cultural values influence the success of quality initiatives, how and when cultural values are influential is unclear. This longitudinal study asserts that quality management should be viewed from a dynamic perspective to better understand the role of cooperative cultural values in a quality initiative. We use a multilevel model of quality management, and develop time‐oriented hypotheses using a sociotechnical systems perspective to examine the role of cooperative values. Our analysis uses longitudinal data from over 30 U.S. federal government agencies, collected during an enterprise‐wide quality initiative. We find that, over time, the influence of organization‐level quality practices diminishes, but the influence of cooperative values increases; workgroup‐level quality practices remain consistently important. Our findings reveal the unexplored influences of cooperative values to sustain the benefits of quality management.
Sinonasal non‐keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with nasal skin extension as the initial presentation
Authors: Guo Ruifeng , Metcalf Sara , Neil Crowson A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSinonasal non‐keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), previously designated as transitional cell carcinoma or cylindrical cell carcinoma, is an uncommon malignant neoplasm with distinct histopathological features, considered to be a low‐grade malignancy that usually occurs in elderly patients. Extensive local invasion is uncommon. Here we report a case of 90‐year‐old woman whose original presentation was as erythematous nasal skin nodules, biopsy of which showed a dermal tumor with features of sinonasal non‐keratinizing SCC. No epidermal dysplasia was present. A subsequent computed tomography scan confirmed the presence of an endophytic tumor on the nasal sidewall. The initial presentation of sinonasal non‐keratinizing SCC as a skin lesion is previously unreported to our knowledge. Diagnosis in this context requires accurate evaluation of the histopathology as well as a comprehensive knowledge of pathology specific to this anatomic location.
Iodine status in pre‐school children prior to mandatory iodine fortification in Australia
Authors: Skeaff Sheila , Zhao Ying , Gibson Robert , Makrides Maria , Zhou Shao Jia 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe iodine status of children between the ages of 5 and 15 years has been routinely assessed in many countries, but few studies have examined iodine status in pre‐school children. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of pre‐school children living in Adelaide, South Australia, between 2005 and 2007. Children 1–5 years old were identified using a unique sampling strategy to ensure that the study population was representative. A 3‐day weighed diet record, a blood sample and a urine sample were obtained from each child. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of the children (n = 279) was 129 µg L−1, indicating iodine sufficiency (normal range: 100–199 µg L−1), but 35% of the children had a UIC < 100 µg L−1. The median thyroglobulin concentration of children (n = 217) was 24 µg L−1 and thyroglobulin concentration declined with increasing age (P = 0.024). The mean daily iodine intake was 76 µg. The intake of iodine was lower than expected and highlights difficulties in accurately assessing iodine intakes. Further studies are needed to monitor dietary changes and iodine status in this age group since the implementation of mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt in Australia in 2009.