bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The PAU survey: photometric calibration of narrow band images
Authors: Castander F J , Serrano S , Eriksen M , Gaztañaga E , Casas R , Alarcon A , Bauer A H , Fernández E , Navarro-Gironés D , Tonello N , Cabayol L , Carretero J , De Vicente J , Garcia-Bellido J , Hildebrandt H , Hoekstra H , Joachimi B , Miquel R , Padilla C , Renard P , Sanchez E , Sevilla-Noarre I , Tallada-Crespí P 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The physics of the accelerating Universe (PAU) camera is an optical narrow band and broad band imaging instrument mounted at the prime focus of the William Herschel Telescope. We describe the image calibration procedure of the PAU survey data. We rely on an external photometric catalogue to calibrate our narrow band data using stars that have been observed by both data sets. We fit stellar templates to the stellar broad-band photometry of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and synthesize narrow band photometry that we compare to the PAUS narrow band data to determine their calibration. Consequently, the PAUS data are in the AB system as inherited from its reference calibrator. We do several tests to check the performance of the calibration. We find it self-consistent when comparing repeated observations of the same objects, with a good overall accuracy to the AB system which we estimate to be at the 2 per cent precision level and no significant trends as a function of narrow band filter or wavelength. Repeated observations allow us to build a spatial map of the illumination pattern of the system. We also check the wavelength dependence of the calibration comparing to stellar spectra. We find that using only blue stars reduces the effects of variations in the stellar template fitting to broad-band colours, improving the overall precision of the calibration to around 1 per cent and its wavelength uniformity. The photometric redshift performance obtained with the PAUS data attests to the validity of our calibration to reach the PAUS science goals.
In the Shade of Power: The Sacred Art of Leveling up the Powerless
Authors: Wingo Ajume H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper examines a general political problem of how to balance the need for concentrated power in the hands of the state—which is needed for effective governance—against the egalitarian desire to equalize power. It distinguishes between ‘positive’ political power appropriately wielded by the state, and ‘negative’ power that individuals may use to protect their own activities and interests from excessive or illegitimate state action and argue for institutions and practices designed to equalize power by ‘leveling up’ the powerless to match the strong.
EPID-03. CURE FRACTION AND LONG TERM SURVIVAL ESTIMATES FOR PEDIATRIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS IN EUROPE – RESULTS OF THE POPULATION-BASED EUROCARE PROJECT
Authors: Hoogendijk Raoull , Capocaccia Riccardo , van der Lugt Jasper , Kranendonk Mariëtte , Hoving Eelco , Wesseling Pieter , Visser Otto , van Vuurden Dannis , Gatta Gemma , Karim-Kos Henrike ,   EUROCARE Working Group
Published: June 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Time trends in cure fractions and up-to-date long-term survival have not been reported for clinically relevant groups of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors although it provides important information for planning long-term clinical follow-up.

METHODS
We analyzed data on 15,242 children (&lt;15 years) diagnosed with a CNS tumor between 1998-2013 from 31 European countries with follow-up until 31/12/2014. Cure fraction, the proportion of patients not anymore at risk of dying from progression or relapse was estimated using a mixture cure model with a parametric cancer survival curve function and assuming constant long-term mortality from other causes, including other cancers. Additionally, model-based up-to-date 15-year observed survival (OS) was estimated for the period 2010-2013.

RESULTS
The cure fraction for ependymomas increased from 65% in 1998-2001 to 79% in 2010-2013. However, as a result of the high long-term mortality rate of 16 per 1000 surviving patients per year, ependymomas had an estimated 15-year OS of 62%. For diffuse astrocytomas the cure fraction increased 6 percent-points to 84%, and 15-year OS was 74%. Cure fraction for glioblastomas increased from 15% to 20%. Long-term mortality for surviving glioblastoma patients was null resulting in a comparable projected 15-year OS of 20%. For medulloblastomas the cure fraction increased with 4 percent-points to 56% in 2010-2013, and a comparable 15-year OS of 56%. AT/RTs including PNETs together with high-grade gliomas (HGGs) were the only groups for which the cure fraction did not change over time: 34% and 24%, respectively. Estimated 15-year OS was 28% for AT/RTs including PNETs and 19% for HGGs.

CONCLUSIONS
As a result of high long-term mortality, the difference between cure fraction and 15-year OS was the highest for ependymomas and diffuse astrocytomas. Further investigation into underlying reasons (e.g., late effects of treatment) are needed to reduce the extra risk of deaths.
MDB-95. MEDULLOBLASTOMA IN INDONESIA: CLINICAL PROFILES AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Rahmartani Ludi Dhyani , Budiarso Michael Nathaniel , Susanto Eka , Amal Mohamad Yanuar ,   Handoko., Nuryadi Endang , Gunawan Kevin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Medulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in children and adolescents, accounting for 20–25% of all brain tumors. Epidemiological data is fundamental to optimising pediatric brain tumor (PBT) health services and reducing overall morbidity and mortality. To bridge this gap, we aimed to present comprehensive pediatric medulloblastoma data, focusing on clinical profiles and outcomes within one of the national general hospitals in the country.

METHODS
A retrospective observational longitudinal study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, focusing on children registered under the PBT service from January 2021 to December 2023. The study analyzed patients’ profiles, medulloblastoma characteristics, factors related to diagnosis delay, and vital status follow-up.

RESULTS
All 16 patients underwent tumor removal surgery with a mean age of 7.13 ± 5.39 years, with an equal distribution of both sexes (50%). Histological confirmation of medulloblastoma was observed in all patients, with 2/16 (12.5%) classified as WNT, 9/16 (56.3%) as Non-WNT, and 5/16 (31.3%) lacking additional information. Regarding risk stratification, 13/16 (81.3%) of patients were classified as high-risk by age &lt;3, residual tumor &gt;1.5 cm2, and presence of metastasis. Vomiting 6/16 (37.5%), disequilibrium 5/16 (31.3%), and headache 3/16 (18.8%) were the predominant symptoms, with mean duration delay from symptom onset to first medical consultation of 2.5, 1.8, and 6.7 weeks, respectively. In the last follow-up, 5/16 (31.3%) of patients were deceased (4/11 in high-risk and 1/2 in low-risk groups), and 3/16 (18.8%) were lost to follow-up.

CONCLUSION
This study underscores the importance of early diagnosis and intervention for pediatric medulloblastoma, particularly in high-risk cases, which need heightened awareness among the community and healthcare providers. Additionally, addressing the issue of patients lost to follow-up is crucial for optimizing outcomes. Further research is warranted to enhance diagnostic methods and healthcare services for pediatric brain tumor patients nationwide.
NFS-13. UNUSUAL NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1-ASSOCIATED PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTOMAWITH MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION IN A 7-YEAR-OLD GIRL
Authors: Mobark Nahla Aly , Alotabi Fahad , Balbaid Ali Abdullah O , Alshoumer Azhar , Al-Dandan Sadeq 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) is a tumor predisposition syndrome with germline NF 1 gene aberrations with overactivation of the RAS–MAPK signaling pathway. NF1-associated gliomas in children are usually low-grade Glioma with indolent course. Malignant transformation in NF1 associated LGG is predominated in adults is scarce in children

METHOD
A 7-year-old girl diagnosed as NF1-based on diagnostic criteria and germline NF1 gene mutation, presented with progressive RT side hemiplegia, Brain MRI showed a large left thalamic cystic and solid mass and obstructive hydrocephalus she had VPS insertion and stereotactic biopsy.pathological examination revealed aggressive High-grade Glioma HGG features diffuse brain infiltration, endothelial hyperplasia, increased mitotic activity necrosis, and High Ki67. Immunohistochemically and molecular analysis showed NF1 mutation in addition to TP53 mutation, retained ATRX, negative CDKN2A/B, and high tumor mutational burden (6 Muts/Mb). Tumor methylation profiling (DKFZ CNS v12.5) classified as Supratentorial midline pilocytic astrocytoma (score 0.6878). debulking of the tumor and ommaya reservoir insertion was done with recurrent aspiration of the cystic component. The second biopsy demonstrated low-grade pilocytic astrocytoma, confirmed by methylation profiling (score 0.9377). Immunohistochemically and molecular analysis showed NF1 mutation, negative TP53, and Retained ATRX

RESULT
She was treated with low-grade glioma chemotherapy carboplatin/ vincristine, with improved clinical and neurological condition and stable MRI evaluation. One year after diagnosis while on maintenance LGG chemotherapy MRI imaging showed tumor progression Subtotal resection of the mass was performed, morphology and molecular studies confirmed HGG, and she received focal radiation therapy. Up till now, the patient is currently stable clinically and by imaging surveillance.

CONCLUSION
Our case characterized a transformed glioma in a child with NF1 illustrating the intratumoral heterogeneity and presence of transformed/anaplastic clone within NF1-associated pilocytic astrocytoma and demonstrate the complexity of molecular genetics of gliomas in children with NF1.
QOL-27. EARLY CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED HEARING LOSS IN CHILDREN WITH MEDULLBLASTOMA AND EMBRYONAL BRAIN TUMOURS
Authors: Prasad Maya , Patil Vikas , sahoo Jitesh Prasad , Parambil Badira , Gollamudi Venkata Ramamohan , Dasgupta Archya , Chatterji Abhishek , Gupta Tejpal , Chinnaswamy Girish 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence, severity and time to develop Chemotherapy-induced hearing loss (HL) in a cohort of embryonal brain tumors(ET) treated with cisplatin and cranial radiation(RT).

METHODS
Our cohort included children 3-15years treated between January2022 and June2023 for medulloblastoma and other ETs with surgery, craniospinal RT and 6 cycles of CET chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide,vincristine,cisplatin). Cisplatin 75mg/m2 was given in alternate cycles with a cumulative dose of 225 mg/m2. Children underwent clinical evaluation and age-appropriate audiological assessment at diagnosis,every 1-2cycles of cisplatin and end-of-treatment. Grading of ototoxicity was done per SIOP-Boston grading. Children with grade2 and above HL did not receive further cisplatin.Children with grade1HL underwent frequent monitoring.For this study, pure-tone-audiometry from start of treatment to end of treatment were analyzed and ≥Grade2HL was considered significant.

RESULTS
A total of 63 children were included in the study, 28(44.%)female, median age 7years (range 3-15years). Twenty (31.7%) children developed &gt;grade2HL; the worse ear had grade 4 HL in 1(1.6%),grade 3 in 13(20.6%) and grade 2 in 6(9.5%).One had grade 2HL and 4 had grade 1HL even prior to start of cisplatin.The median cumulative cisplatin dose at developing &gt;grade2HL was 0mg/m2(n=1), 75mg/m2(n=8), 150mg/m2(n=3) and 225mg/m2(n=9; 5 at end-of-treatment and 4 at follow-up). Age, gender and diagnosis were not associated with development of HL.

CONCLUSION
The high prevalence of early-onset ototoxicity in children with embryonal brain tumours is concerning.We recommend close monitoring of hearing function,at least every 2 cycles of cisplatin chemotherapy, if not more frequently. Incorporation of pharmacogenomics to identify highly susceptible individuals and therapeutic interventions such as cessation of cisplatin or replacement with alternatives in early ototoxicity would help reduce a potentially life-altering and long-term health concern.
Investigating risk factors and treatment options for severe, partially steroid responsive, and steroid-refractory checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis
Authors: Moodabagil Meghana , Easterling Robert , Peng Jing , Abu-Sbeih Hamzah , Meara Alexa , Donnelly Edwin , Owen Dwight H , Ho Kevin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer care with incredible reductions in mortality. One of the most devastating complications of treatment is ICI-related pneumonitis (ICI-p). Despite this, little is known regarding risk factors for severe pneumonitis and treatment effectiveness of various therapeutic options for steroid-refractory disease. To address this, we conducted a retrospective study on patients with cancer who developed ICI-p.

Methods
We examined consecutive patients who received ICIs and developed ICI-p. Risk factors of interest for severe disease and steroid-refractory ICI-p, including pre-treatment pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and chest imaging, were compared between patients with severe (grades 3-5) and mild (grades 1-2) pneumonitis. The clinical and treatment courses for patients with steroid-refractory ICI-p were recorded.

Results
A total of 132 patients developed ICI-p, with 60 patients having mild and 72 with severe disease. We found that lower forced vital capacity percent predicted (66.24 vs 85.05, P = .05), lower total lung capacity percent predicted (85.23 vs 99.71, P = .13), and specific radiographic patterns on pre-treatment chest imaging were predictors of severe disease. Initial corticosteroid dose of less than 1 milligram per kilogram prednisone equivalent (P = .14) was correlated with partially steroid-responsive or steroid-refractory ICI-p. Ten patients had steroid refractory ICI-p, and those who received IVIG alone as the immune suppressant beyond corticosteroids had improved survival (P = 05).

Conclusions
We are the first to identify pre-treatment PFTs and chest imaging abnormalities as risk factors for severe ICI-p. We also found that lower corticosteroid doses were associated with partially steroid-responsive and steroid-refractory ICI-p. Larger, prospective studies are needed to validate our results.
Associations with other cancer-related biomarkers might contribute to poor outcomes in RAS-altered, younger patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Kundranda Madappa N , Kemkes Ariane C , Evans Mark C , Flannery Cynthia A , Hall David W , Hoag Jess R , Therala Nishitha , Thakkar Snehal G , De La O Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer in younger adults. In patients undergoing liver resection with RAS-altered CRCs, there is evidence suggesting younger patients have worse outcomes than older patients. To explain this pattern, differences in associations between RAS status and other cancer-related biomarkers in tumors from younger versus older patients with CRC were evaluated in a cohort of 925 patients with CRC, 277 (30.0%) of whom were ≤50 years old, and 454 (49.1%) who had RAS-altered tumors. For 3 biomarkers, RNF43, APC, and microsatellite instability (MSI), the association with RAS status was significantly modified by age after adjustment for multiple testing. Specifically, younger patients with RAS-altered tumors were more likely to be MSI-high, RNF43 mutated, and APC wild type. These differences might contribute to the observed pattern of diminished survival in younger versus older patients with CRC with RAS-mutated tumors undergoing liver metastasis resection.
Caught out in the cold: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) survival decreased during an extreme climatic event
Authors: Blake-Bradshaw Abigail G , Masto Nicholas M , Highway Cory J , Keever Allison C , Link Paul T , Feddersen Jamie C , Hagy Heath M , Osborne Douglas C , Cohen Bradley S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Extreme climatic events (ECEs) can have profound impacts on individual fitness, affecting survival directly or indirectly. Late winter ECEs may be especially detrimental to fitness due to limited food resources and increased energetic requirements during this time. A polar vortex disruption ECE descended upon the mid-continental United States during February 7–20, 2021 with temperatures as low as −29°C in areas concurrent with ongoing research on Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) movement ecology and survival in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Tennessee, United States spanning winters 2019–2022. Therefore, we opportunistically evaluated the effects of individual characteristics and latitude on daily survival during the ECE. We extended the survival analysis to March to test for lasting effects of the ECE on survival. We tracked 181 Global Positioning System (GPS)-marked A. platyrhynchos during February 2020, 256 in February 2021, and 324 in February 2022. We documented 22 mortalities during the February 2021 ECE (i.e., 9%), but only 6 mortalities during February 2020 (i.e., 2%) and 2022 (i.e., 1%) when conditions were average. February survival (e.g., 28-day survival) during the ECE was 0.908 (85% CI: 0.879–0.937) but was 0.982 (85% CI: 0.973–0.991) during the 2 non-ECE Februaries. The ECE effect on survival was isolated to February and did not affect March survival. Anas platyrhynchos was 5.4 times more likely to die during the ECE in 2021 compared to non-ECE Februaries. Although large-bodied waterfowl appear cold-tolerant and less sensitive to polar vortex disruptions compared to smaller-bodied passerines, direct mortalities can occur if conditions are severe enough and persist, highlighting the need to consider the influence of ECEs on common, seemingly robust species in future global climate change scenarios.
Prestige-Biased Social Learning
Authors: Offord Matt , Brand Charlotte , Kendal Jeremy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of prestige-biased social learning within cultural evolution studies. The authors define and underscore the significance of prestige, tracing its historical development in the social sciences. Originating from early twentieth-century concerns about propaganda and influence, the theme became intertwined with early notions of imitation. Although initially abandoned by sociologists, cultural evolution researchers revived this connection, establishing an evolutionary theory of prestige-biased social learning. The chapter explains cultural evolution theories of prestige, addressing critiques and refinements, and highlighting key experiments and fieldwork. A nuanced understanding of prestige-bias emerges from this synthesis. Finally, the authors present a practical example quantifying prestige bias, drawing from research on Royal Navy warships, offering tangible insights into information transmission dynamics.
Beyond Discharge Disposition: A Scoping Review on Sociodemographic Disparities in Rehabilitation Use After Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bove Allyn , Aldhahwani Bayan , Turner Rose , Repage Sean , Denny Parker , Brand Cynthia , Sweeney Kaitlyn , Allison Sam , Ross Heather , Allen Kelli D , Magnani Jared W , Terhorst Lauren , Delitto Anthony , Freburger Janet 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aims of this scoping review were to summarize the evidence regarding sex, racial, ethnic, geographic, and socioeconomic disparities in post-acute rehabilitation following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods
Literature searches were conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PEDro. Studies were included if they were original research articles published 1993 or later; used data from the US; included patients after THA and/or TKA; presented results according to relevant sociodemographic variables, including sex, race, ethnicity, geography, or socioeconomic status; and studied the utilization of post-acute rehabilitation as an outcome.

Results
Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Five examined disparities in inpatient rehabilitation and found that Black patients and women experience longer lengths of stay after arthroplasty, and women are less likely than men to be discharged home after inpatient THA rehabilitation. Four studies examined data from skilled nursing facilities and found that insurance type and dual eligibility impact length of stay and rates of community discharge but found conflicting results regarding racial disparities in skilled nursing facility utilization after TKA. Five studies examined home health data and noted that rural agencies provide less care after TKA. Results regarding racial disparities in home health utilization after arthroplasty were conflicting. Six studies of outpatient rehabilitation noted geographic differences in timing of outpatient rehabilitation but mixed results regarding race differences in outpatient rehabilitation.

Conclusion
Current evidence indicates that sex, race, ethnicity, geography, and socioeconomic status are associated with disparities in postacute rehabilitation use after arthroplasty.

Impact
Rehabilitation providers across the postacute continuum should be aware of disparities in the population of patients after arthroplasty and regularly assess social determinants of health and other factors that may contribute to disparities. Customized care plans should ensure optimal timing and amount of rehabilitation is provided, and advocate for patients who need additional care to achieve the desired functional outcome.
Mediation effect of sleep time on the association between outdoor activity and myopia in Chinese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Tongtong , Deng Chaoming , Li Jing , Chen Ying , Chen Xukun , Zhang Naijian , Li Zhongxia , Wang Enming , Qin Wei , Yang Mengtong , Li Xiangyun , Li Li , Wang Haiyan , Guo Yanjun , Lu Wenli , Qian Xuehan , Yan Jing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to assess the association between outdoor activity and myopia among children and adolescents and investigate whether sleep time could mediate this relationship.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed on students aged 4–16 years in China, from August 2021 to January 2022. Outdoor activity was assessed by the Assessment Questionnaire of Exposure to Sunlight Activities for Students (AQESAS). Binary logistic regression combined with the mediation analysis was used to analyze the association of AQESAS with myopia and the mediating effect of sleep time on this relationship.

Results
The prevalence of myopia was 53.51% (N = 1609). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that more sleep time (OR = 0.794, 95%CI: 0.707–0.893) and a higher score of AQESAS (OR = 0.989, 95%CI: 0.981–0.996) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of myopia. Mediation analysis revealed that sleep time plays a mediating role in the association between outdoor activity and myopia (ACME = −0.0006, P &lt; 0.001), and the mediation proportion was 19.7%.

Conclusion
Outdoor activity affects myopia directly and indirectly through sleep time. The result suggested that children may be able to reduce the risk of myopia by promoting sleep through increased awareness of outdoor activity and exposure to sunlight.