bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming the international learning experience for students: Moving beyond the principle of accompaniment
Authors: Andenoro Anthony C. , Bletscher Caitlin G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEvidence exists that international learning experiences provide undergraduate and graduate students with opportunities to develop intercultural competence and global perspectives. This development is grounded in the idea of accompaniment that is prevalent in study abroad programs and international service experiences at the higher education level. Accompaniment is firmly planted in the idea of mutual relationships and sharing culture. However, it only creates a superficial understanding of the community and fails to address and implement systems of sustainable practice. This theoretical supposition challenges educators to go beyond the foundation of accompaniment and explore innovative practice that can benefit the development of intercultural competence in students and promote sustainability in the international contexts that these academic‐based international service programs work with. The authors detail suggestions that educators can use as a framework for transforming international service experiences, their students, and the communities they serve.
High resolution navigated three‐dimensional T1‐weighted hepatobiliary MRI using gadoxetic acid optimized for 1.5 tesla
Authors: Nagle Scott K. , Busse Reed F. , Brau Anja C. , Brittain Jean H. , Frydrychowicz Alex , Iwadate Yuji , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose:To determine optimal delay times and flip angles for T1‐weighted hepatobiliary imaging at 1.5 Tesla (T) with gadoxetic acid and to demonstrate the feasibility of using a high‐resolution navigated optimized T1‐weighted pulse sequence to evaluate biliary disease.Materials and Methods:Eight healthy volunteers were scanned at 1.5T using a T1‐weighted three‐dimensional (3D)‐SPGR pulse sequence following the administration of 0.05 mmol/kg of gadoxetic acid. Navigator‐gating enabled acquisition of high spatial resolution (1.2 × 1.4 × 1.8 mm3, interpolated to 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.9 mm3) images in approximately 5 min of free‐breathing. Multiple breath‐held acquisitions were performed at flip angles between 15° and 45° to optimize T1 weighting. To evaluate the performance of this optimized sequence in the setting of biliary disease, the image quality and biliary excretion of 51 consecutive clinical scans performed to assess primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were evaluated.Results:Optimal hepatobiliary imaging occurs at 15–25 min, using a 40° flip angle. The image quality and visualization of biliary excretion in the PSC scans were excellent, despite the decreased liver function in some patients. Visualization of reduced excretion often provided diagnostic information that was unavailable by conventional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).Conclusion:High‐resolution navigated 3D‐SPGR hepatobiliary imaging using gadoxetic acid and optimized scan parameters is technically feasible and can be clinically useful, even in patients with decreased hepatobiliary function. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:890–899. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Siberian High: teleconnections, extremes and association with the Icelandic Low
Authors: Tubi Amit , Dayan Uri 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA 60 year minimum temperature record of 11 stations in inner Eurasia enabled the characterization of the Siberian High (SH) intensity. The decline in the SH intensity is observed in tandem with the positive mode of the Arctic Oscillation (AO), both increasing in recent years. The coldest 1968–1969 winter in the 60 year period corresponds with the lowest AO annual index value. Spatial correlation analyses indicate that enhanced cyclogenetic conditions over the eastern flank of the Icelandic Low (IL) are associated with a milder SH. Seasonal composite analyses of the circulation pattern during the coldest 1968–1969 winter are characterized by a retreat of the IL, allowing a westward expansion of the SH cold core. A robust methodology, assuring an adequate representation of extremely cold spells in both their extent and duration, was developed. This methodology yielded three exceptional events, the most severe one lasting 10 days and affecting all stations in the SH domain. Analysing this event on a fine temporal resolution enabled the detection of short‐term synoptic scale processes, such as the polar air mass penetration, resulting in a mean minimum temperature of − 40 °C over the whole domain. This short‐term polar air incursion and its termination featuring this spell, as modulated by the location of the IL, point at its important role in modifying the SH. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Influences of two types of ENSO on South American precipitation
Authors: Tedeschi Renata G. , Cavalcanti Iracema F. A. , Grimm Alice M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Pacific Ocean during El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes exhibit different spatial patterns from year to year. In most ENSO studies, SST anomalies have been analysed in the 3.4 or 3.0 El Niño regions. Recent analyses have considered different SST anomalies areas in the Pacific, such as ENSO Modoki, which takes into account anomalies in the central Pacific which are bounded by opposite anomalies in the eastern and western Pacific. In order to analyse the influence of different Pacific spatial patterns on South American precipitation and on the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, composites obtained from Canonical ENSO were compared with those from ENSO Modoki in cases when strong anomalies were present in the Central Pacific. During the Canonical El Niño (La Niña), there tends to be a precipitation increase (decrease) in the La Plata Basin (LPB, 45°W–65°W, 15°S–35°S) and a decrease (increase) over northern South America during all seasons. In ENSO Modoki exhibiting strong anomalies in the Central Pacific, these typical patterns are not observed, and in some regions the anomalies even show opposite signs. Precipitation anomaly differences or similarities over South America between the two cases occur in different areas and different seasons. In both cases, differences in tropical South American precipitation during both ENSO types are related to differences in the Walker circulation. In extra‐tropical South America, the precipitation differences are due to differences in the Pacific wavetrains and differences in moisture flux intensity over the continent. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
SST–convection relation over tropical oceans
Authors: Sabin T. P. , Babu C. A. , Joseph P. V. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAccording to current knowledge, convection over the tropical oceans increases with sea surface temperature (SST) from 26 to 29 °C, and at SSTs above 29 °C, it sharply decreases. Our research shows that it is only over the summer warm pool areas of Indian and west Pacific Oceans (monsoon areas) where the zone of maximum SST is away from the equator that this kind of SST‐convection relationship exists. In these areas (1) convection is related to the SST gradient that generates low‐level moisture convergence and upward vertical motion in the atmosphere. This has modelling support. Regions of SST maxima have low SST gradients and therefore feeble convection. (2) Convection initiated by SST gradient produces strong wind fields particularly cross‐equatorial low‐level jetstreams (LLJs) on the equator‐ward side of the warm pool and both the convection and LLJ grow through a positive feedback process. Thus, large values of convection are associated with the cyclonic vorticity of the LLJ in the atmospheric boundary layer. In the inter‐tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) over the east Pacific Ocean and the south Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) over the west Pacific Ocean, low‐level winds from north and south hemisphere converge in the zone of maximum SST, which lies close to the equator producing there elongated bands of deep convection, where we find that convection increases with SST for the full range of SSTs unlike in the warm pool regions. The low‐level wind divergence computed using QuikSCAT winds has large and significant linear correlation with convection in both the warm pool and ITCZ/SPCZ areas. But the linear correlation between SST and convection is large only for the ITCZ/SPCZ. These findings have important implications for the modelling of large‐scale atmospheric circulations and the associated convective rainfall over the tropical oceans. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is an effective way of managing elderly women with advanced stage ovarian cancer (FIGO Stage IIIC and IV)
Authors: Glasgow Michelle A. , Yu Herbert , Rutherford Thomas J. , Azodi Masoud , Silasi Dan‐Arin , Santin Alessandro D. , Schwartz Peter E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo compare outcomes in women ≥ age 70 who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) followed by cytoreductive surgery with those undergoing upfront cytoreductive surgery followed by the same chemotherapy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed for women ≥ age 70 with Stage IIIC or Stage IV EOC from 1996 to 2009.ResultsSixty‐two patients who underwent upfront cytoreductive surgery and 42 patients who received NACT were eligible for analysis. Patients receiving NACT were significantly more likely to have Stage IV disease (P = 0.004). Cytoreduction to no macroscopic disease was achieved in 71.4% of women who received NACT and 28.1% of women undergoing upfront surgery (P < 0.001). NACT patients had significantly less blood loss at surgery (P = 0.01), required fewer small bowel resections (P = 0.009), had shorter ICU stays (P = 0.02) and fewer hospital days (P = 0.04). NACT patients experienced a trend toward an improved progression‐free survival (P = 0.078); however, no statistically significant differences were found in either the progression‐free or overall survival analyses.ConclusionNACT is associated with reduced perioperative morbidity in elderly patients with advanced stage ovarian cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:195–200. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liver resection for complicated hepatocellular carcinoma: Challenges but opportunity for long‐term survivals
Authors: Huang Jen‐Fu , Wu Sheng‐Mao , Wu Tsung‐Han , Lee Chen‐Fang , Wu Ting‐Jung , Yu Ming‐Chin , Chan Kun‐Ming , Lee Wei‐Chen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often diagnosed late because of the lack of pathognomonic symptoms. This study evaluated outcomes following liver resection (LR) for patients with HCC presenting with large tumor size (over 10 cm), adjacent organ invasion, or ruptured tumor, which we termed as complicated HCC (cHCC).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 660 HCC patients who underwent LR between January 2001 and July 2005. The patients were grouped into cHCC and non‐cHCC according to the defined criteria. The clinicopathological features were analyzed and compared between the two groups.ResultsPatients in the cHCC group required longer operative times and resulted in greater intraoperative blood loss and more severe surgical complications. The cHCC group had a higher incidence of HCC recurrence after LR, and the HCC recurrence had a tendency to be associated with extrahepatic metastasis. The 5‐year RFS (P < 0.0001) and OS (P < 0.0001) of cHCC and non‐cHCC patients were 18.5% and 28.9% versus 37.5% and 57.6%, respectively.ConclusionsLR for cHCC can be a great challenge for liver surgeons. However, with comparable operative mortality rates and acceptable survival times, surgical resection should always be considered performing in patients with cHCC, if clinically feasible. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106: 959–965. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical outcome of central conventional chondrosarcoma
Authors: Angelini Andrea , Guerra Giovanni , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Pala Elisa , Picci Piero , Ruggieri Pietro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionAim of this study was to analyze (1) survival, local recurrence (LR), and metastasis rates between the three histological tumor grades; (2) whether type of treatment and tumor site influenced prognosis for each histologic grade.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 296 patients with central conventional chondrosarcomas (CS) (87 grade 1, 162 grade 2, and 47 grade 3). The femur was the most common site (91 cases), followed by the pelvis (82) and other less frequent sites. Type of surgery was related with histologic grade. Margins were wide in 222 cases, marginal in 23, and intralesional in 51 cases.ResultsAt a mean of 7 years, 201 patients remained continuously NED, 33 were NED after treatment of relapse, 15 were AWD, 35 were died of disease, and 12 of other causes. Survival was 92% at 5 years and 84% at 10 years, significantly influenced by histological grading. In grade 3 CS, two factors influenced survival: type of surgery (resection vs. amputation, P = 0.051) and site (P = 0.039). The two significant factors lost their significance at multivariate analysis.ConclusionCentral conventional CS with low/intermediate grade has a good prognosis, while high‐grade tumors have poor outcome. Tumor relapses are strictly related with histologic grade. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106: 929–937. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro modifications of the scala tympani environment and the cochlear implant array surface
Authors: Kontorinis Georgios , Scheper Verena , Wissel Kirsten , Stöver Timo , Lenarz Thomas , Paasche Gerrit 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To investigate the influence of alterations of the scala tympani environment and modifications of the surface of cochlear implant electrode arrays on insertion forces in vitro.Study Design:Research experimental study.Methods:Fibroblasts producing neurotrophic factors were cultivated on the surface of Nucleus 24 Contour Advance electrodes. Forces were recorded by an Instron 5542 Force Measurement System as three modified arrays were inserted into an artificial scala tympani model filled with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). The recorded forces were compared to control groups including three unmodified electrodes inserted into a model filled with PBS (unmodified environment) or Healon (current practice). Fluorescence microscopy was used before and after the insertions to identify any remaining fibroblasts. Additionally, three Contour Advance electrodes were inserted into an artificial model, filled with alginate/barium chloride solution at different concentrations, while insertion forces were recorded.Results:Modification of the scala tympani environment with 50% to 75% alginate gel resulted in a significant decrease in the insertion forces. The fibroblast‐coated arrays also led to decreased forces comparable to those recorded with Healon. Fluorescence microscopy revealed fully cell‐covered arrays before and partially covered arrays after the insertion; the fibroblasts on the arrays' modiolar surface remained intact.Conclusions:Modifications of the scala tympani's environment with 50% to 75% alginate/barium chloride and of the cochlear implant electrode surface with neurotrophic factor–producing fibroblasts drastically reduce the insertion forces. As both modifications may serve future intracochlear therapies, it is expected that these might additionally reduce possible insertion trauma.
Angiomatosis of the paranasal sinuses
Authors: Adelson Robert T. , Riddle Nicole D. , Brooks John S. , Palmer James N. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAngiomatosis is a rare benign lesion of the head and neck that can be mistaken for either a vascular malformation or malignant disease as a result of its infiltrative nature. The recurrence rate of angiomatosis requiring surgery is reported to be >90%, and as such the otolaryngologist treating this condition should endeavor to remove all disease during the first operation while maintaining a high level of suspicion for recurrence during postoperative surveillance. This case represents the first report of angiomatosis involving the nose and/or paranasal sinuses, and extends the differential diagnosis of sinonasal tumors, of which the otolaryngologist must be aware. A description of the surgical care and postoperative surveillance recommendations is detailed in this first reported case of angiomatosis of the paranasal sinuses.
Assessment and incidence of salivary leak following laryngectomy
Authors: White Hilliary N. , Golden Blake , Sweeny Larissa , Carroll William R. , Magnuson Jeffery S. , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the incidence and risk factors of pharyngocutaneous fistula formation in patients undergoing either primary or salvage laryngectomies and evaluate the role of barium esophagram in these patients.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:Medical records of 259 patients who underwent total laryngectomy between 2003 and 2009 at our institution were reviewed. Risk factors for fistula formation were analyzed, including primary treatment modality, comorbidities, and operative details, which included use of a free flap for closure, concurrent neck dissections, margin status, and preoperative tracheostomy. The length of time until leak, postoperative swallow study results, and fistula management strategies were also assessed.Results:Fifty‐five patients developed a pharyngocutaneous fistula (overall incidence, 21%) in a median time of 12 days (range, 4–105 days). Twenty of these patients underwent laryngectomy as their initial treatment modality, and 35 had failed previous radiotherapy. Fistula formation was significantly higher in salvage surgery patients (P = .03), particularly those with hypothyroidism (P < .0002). A barium swallow performed at approximately 1 week after laryngectomy demonstrated a sensitivity of 26% with a specificity of 94%. Sixty‐two percent of the fistulas healed with conservative measures only.Conclusions:Our data confirmed that previous radiotherapy and hypothyroidism, particularly in salvage laryngectomy patients, are important significant predictors of postoperative pharyngocutaneous fistula. The use of a postoperative barium swallow in these patients may be useful but was not found to be highly sensitive in predicting who will develop a clinically evident leak and should be used with caution.
From “Strong” to “Much Stronger”: Utilization of Green Tea Extract Dispersant for SWCNT‐Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Uddin Ahmed Jalal , Watanabe Akihira , Gotoh Yasuo , Saito Takeshi , Yumura Motoo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPVA is reinforced with SWCNTs using green tea extract as a dispersant to achieve good dispersion of the SWCNTs in an organic solvent and finally high‐performance composite fibers. A combination of green tea extract/DMSO/SWCNT/PVA is found to disperse larger aggregates of SWCNTs to individual or thin bundles of a few nanotubes. Incorporation of 0.5 wt% SWCNTs into PVA fibers yields a tensile strength of 2.42 GPa, a Young's modulus of 46 GPa, toughness of 105 J · g−1 at a failure strain of 11%, and a loop strength of 245 MPa, much higher than the values of commercial PVA fibers. The incorporation of highly dispersed SWCNTs suppresses the fibrillation tendency of the PVA fibers. The applied load is effectively transferred from the matrix to the SWCNTs. magnified image
Brain metabolite alterations and cognitive dysfunction in early Huntington's disease
Authors: Unschuld Paul G. , Edden Richard A. E. , Carass Aaron , Liu Xinyang , Shanahan Megan , Wang Xin , Oishi Kenichi , Brandt Jason , Bassett Susan S. , Redgrave Graham W. , Margolis Russell L. , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Barker Peter B. , Ross Christopher A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early cognitive decline that progresses at later stages to dementia and severe movement disorder. HD is caused by a cytosine–adenine–guanine triplet‐repeat expansion mutation in the Huntingtin gene, allowing early diagnosis by genetic testing. This study aimed to identify the relationship of N‐acetylaspartate and other brain metabolites to cognitive function in HD‐mutation carriers by using high‐field‐strength magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7 Tesla. Twelve individuals with the HD mutation in premanifest or early‐stage disease versus 12 healthy controls underwent 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (7.2 mL voxel in the posterior cingulate cortex) at 7 Tesla, and also T1‐weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. All participants received standardized tests of cognitive functioning including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and standardized quantified neurological examination within an hour before scanning. Individuals with the HD mutation had significantly lower posterior cingulate cortex N‐acetylaspartate (−9.6%, P = .02) and glutamate (−10.1%, P = .02) levels than did controls. In contrast, in this small group, measures of brain morphology including striatal and ventricle volumes did not differ significantly. Linear regression with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores revealed significant correlations with N‐acetylaspartate (r2 = 0.50, P = .01) and glutamate (NAA) (r2 = 0.64, P = .002) in HD subjects. Our data suggest a relationship between reduced N‐acetylaspartate and glutamate levels in the posterior cingulate cortex with cognitive decline in the early stages of HD. N‐acetylaspartate and glutamate magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals of the posterior cingulate cortex region may serve as potential biomarkers of disease progression or treatment outcome in HD and other neurodegenerative disorders with early cognitive dysfunction, when structural brain changes are still minor. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Alperujo extract, hydroxytyrosol, and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylglycol are bioavailable and have antioxidant properties in vitamin E‐deficient rats—a proteomics and network analysis approach
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez Guillermo , Duthie Garry G. , Wood Sharon , Morrice Phil , Nicol Fergus , Reid Martin , Cantlay Louise L. , Kelder Thomas , Horgan Graham W. , Fernández‐Bolaños Guzmán Juan , de Roos Baukje 
Published: May 2012

ScopeOlive products are rich in phenolic compounds, which are natural antioxidants in vitro. We tested the in vivo effects of alperujo, an olive production by‐product, as well as hydroxytyrosol and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) isolated from alperujo, on indices and pathways of oxidative and metabolic stress in a vitamin E‐deficient rat model.Methods and resultsRats were fed a vitamin E‐deficient diet for 10 weeks, followed by this diet supplemented with either 100 mg/kg diet dα‐tocopherol, alperujo extract, hydroxytyrosol, or 10 mg/kg diet DHPG, for a further 2 weeks. We detected alperujo phenolics in tissues and blood, indicating they are bioavailable. Alperujo extract partially ameliorated elevated plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and also lowered plasma cholesterol levels, whereas hydroxytyrosol increased plasma triglyceride levels. Proteomics and subsequent network analysis revealed that hepatic mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), of which protein and activity levels were regulated by dα‐tocopherol and olive phenolics, represents a novel central regulatory protein hub affected by the dietary interventions.ConclusionThe in vivo free radical scavenging properties of olive phenolics appear relatively modest in our model. But alternative mechanisms, including regulation of ALDH2, may represent relevant antioxidant mechanisms by which dietary olive phenolics could have beneficial impact on cardiovascular health.