bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy modified by liquid carboxyl terminated poly(butadiene‐co‐acrylonitrile) rubber
Authors: Chonkaew Wunpen , Sombatsompop Narongrit 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDiglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)‐based epoxy resin was modified using liquid carboxyl‐terminated poly(butadiene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (CTBN) rubber. The liquid CTBN contents used ranged from 2.5 to 20 parts per hundred parts of resin (phr). Mechanical properties of the modified resins were evaluated and the microstructures of the fracture surfaces were examined using SEM technique. The changes in storage modulus and the glass transition temperature were also evaluated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The tribological tests were performed using a ball‐on‐disc tribometer. The worn surfaces and the ball counter‐mates after tribological tests were investigated using optical microscope technique. The results revealed the influence of liquid CTBN content on mechanical and tribological properties, and also microstructure of the modified epoxy resins. Impact resistance increased whereas the storage modulus and the hardness decreased when the CTBN rubber was introduced to the epoxy network. The coefficient of friction of the CTBN‐modified epoxy was lower than that of the neat epoxy. The CTBN content of lower than 10 phr was recommended for improving the wear resistance of epoxy resin. Changes in tribological properties of the CTBN‐modified epoxy correspond well to those in mechanical changes, especially the toughness properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Rheological properties of PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA copolymers for ophthalmic injection
Authors: Wang Bochu , Cao Yang , Yang Lichun , Wang Yazhou 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolymer rheological property is one of intrinsic properties for the design and preparation of intravitreal injection systems. Rheological behaviors of thermosensitive poly(lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA) triblock copolymers were investigated in this article. The rigidity phase angle (δ), elastic modulus (G′), viscous modulus (G″), and complex viscosity (η*) were determined. The injectability of polymers was evaluated as well. The results indicated both temperature and concentration were key parameters influencing elasticity of polymers. Owing to low complex viscosity (below 1 Pa s), PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA polymers can be successfully injected at room temperature. When the temperature was raised to 37°C, the complex viscosity increased (over 4 Pa s). Thus, suitable rheological properties (G′ > G″; tan δ < 1) were obtained for injection administration. Elastic modulus (G′), viscous modulus (G″), and complex viscosity (η*) were diminished when polymer solutions were ejected through syringe needles (25 gauge, G). Ejection force (from 4.21 to 19.42 N) was required in the process of injecting administration through syringe needles (24, 25, and 26 G) for polymer solutions at 20, 25, and 30% (w/v) concentration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Methotrexate increases expression of cell cycle checkpoint genes via JNK activation
Authors: Spurlock Charles F. , Tossberg John T. , Fuchs Howard A. , Olsen Nancy J. , Aune Thomas M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess defects in expression of critical cell cycle checkpoint genes and proteins in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) relative to presence or absence of methotrexate (MTX) treatment, and to investigate the role of JNK in induction of these genes by MTX.MethodsFlow cytometric analysis was used to quantify changes in levels of intracellular proteins, measure reactive oxygen species (ROS), and determine apoptosis in different lymphoid populations. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was used to identify changes in cell cycle checkpoint target genes.ResultsRA patients expressed reduced baseline levels of MAPK9, TP53, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CHEK2, and RANGAP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and JNK total protein. The reduction in expression of mRNA for MAPK9, TP53, CDKN1A, and CDKN1B was greater in patients not receiving MTX than in those receiving low‐dose MTX, with no difference in expression levels of CHEK2 and RANGAP1 mRNA between MTX‐treated and non–MTX‐treated patients. Further, JNK levels were inversely correlated with C‐reactive protein levels in RA patients. In tissue culture, MTX induced expression of both p53 and p21 by JNK‐2– and JNK‐1–dependent mechanisms, respectively, while CHEK2 and RANGAP1 were not induced by MTX. MTX also induced ROS production, JNK activation, and sensitivity to apoptosis in activated T cells. Supplementation with tetrahydrobiopterin blocked these MTX‐mediated effects.ConclusionOur findings support the notion that MTX restores some, but not all, of the proteins contributing to cell cycle checkpoint deficiencies in RA T cells, via a JNK‐dependent pathway.
Brief Report: Airways abnormalities and rheumatoid arthritis–related autoantibodies in subjects without arthritis: Early injury or initiating site of autoimmunity?
Authors: Demoruelle M. Kristen , Weisman Michael H. , Simonian Philip L. , Lynch David A. , Sachs Peter B. , Pedraza Isabel F. , Harrington Annie R. , Kolfenbach Jason R. , Striebich Christopher C. , Pham Quyen N. , Strickland Colin D. , Petersen Brian D. , Parish Mark C. , Derber Lezlie A. , Norris Jill M. , Holers V. Michael , Deane Kevin D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of pulmonary abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)–related autoantibody–positive subjects without inflammatory arthritis.MethodsForty‐two subjects who did not have inflammatory arthritis but were positive for anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and/or ≥2 rheumatoid factor isotypes (a profile that is 96% specific for RA), 15 autoantibody‐negative controls, and 12 patients with established seropositive early RA (<1‐year duration) underwent spirometry and high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) lung imaging.ResultsThe median age of autoantibody‐positive subjects was 54 years, 52% were female, and 38% were ever‐smokers; these characteristics were not significantly different from those of autoantibody‐negative control subjects. No autoantibody‐positive subject had inflammatory arthritis based on joint examination. HRCT revealed that 76% of autoantibody‐positive subjects had airways abnormalities including bronchial wall thickening, bronchiectasis, centrilobular opacities, and air trapping, compared with 33% of autoantibody‐negative controls (P = 0.005). The prevalence and type of lung abnormalities among autoantibody‐positive subjects were similar to those among patients with early RA. In 2 autoantibody‐positive subjects with airways disease, inflammatory arthritis classifiable as articular RA developed ∼13 months after the lung evaluation.ConclusionAirways abnormalities that are consistent with inflammation are common in autoantibody‐positive subjects without inflammatory arthritis and are similar to airways abnormalities seen in patients with early RA. These findings suggest that the lung may be an early site of autoimmune‐related injury and potentially a site of generation of RA‐related autoimmunity. Further studies are needed to define the mechanistic role of lung inflammation in the development of RA.
Polymorph‐Dependent Solid‐State Fluorescence and Selective Metal‐Ion‐Sensor Properties of 2‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐4(3H)‐quinazolinone
Authors: Anthony Savarimuthu Philip 
Published: December 2011

Abstract2‐(2‐Hydroxy‐phenyl)‐4(3H)‐quinazolinone (HPQ), an organic fluorescent material that exhibits fluorescence by the excited‐state intramolecular proton‐transfer (ESIPT) mechanism, forms two different polymorphs in tetrahydrofuran. The conformational twist between the phenyl and quinazolinone rings ofHPQleads to different molecular packing in the solid state, giving structures that show solid‐state fluorescence at 497 and 511 nm.HPQalso shows intense fluorescence in dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution and selectively detects Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions at micromolar concentrations in DMF. Importantly,HPQnot only detects Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions selectively, but it also distinguishes between the metal ions with a fluorescence λmax that is blue‐shifted from 497 to 420 and 426 nm for Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions, respectively. Hence, tunable solid‐state fluorescence and selective metal‐ion‐sensor properties were demonstrated in a single organic material.
Direct chiral resolution of cloquintocet‐mexyl and its application to in vitro degradation combined with clodinafop‐propargyl
Authors: Shen Zhigang , Zhu Wentao , Xu Xinyuan , Zhou Zhiqiang , Liu Donghui 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTA simple chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed and validated for measuring Cloquintocet‐mexyl (ClM) enantiomers and clodinafop‐propargyl (CP) using cellulose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) as chiral stationary phase (CSP). The effects of mobile phase composition and column temperature on the ClM enantiomer separation were investigated. Good separation was achieved by using a mixture of n‐hexane and n‐propanol as mobile phase. Based on the chiral HPLC method, enantioselective quantitative determination analysis methods for this herbicide combined with CP in diluted plasma were developed and validated. The assay method was linear over a range of concentrations (0.5–100 µg/mL) in diluted plasma and the mean recovery was greater than 80% for both enantiomers and CP. The limits of quantification and detection for both ClM enantiomers and CP were 0.5 and 0.2 µg/mL, respectively. Intra‐ and interday relative standard deviations did not exceed 10% for three tested concentrations. The result suggested that the degradation of ClM enantiomers was stereoselective in rabbit plasma, and both rac‐ClM and CP degraded quickly in plasma, showing that the main existing forms with biological effect in animals are their metabolites. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Community colleges in the spotlight and under the microscope
Authors: Boggs George R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNever before have community colleges received so much attention and recognition. From modest beginnings at the start of the twentieth century, community colleges have become the largest, most affordable, and most responsive sector of American higher education. Policy makers, media, and the public in general seem to have only now discovered community colleges, which have been put in a spotlight by President Barack Obama and leading national foundations as important to the economic prosperity of the United States. With increased attention comes increased scrutiny, however. What will be expected of community colleges, and how can they best respond, especially given severe financial limitations? What are their most pressing challenges, and what opportunities are ahead for college leaders?
Creating effective board–CEO relationships and fundraising to achieve successful student outcomes
Authors: White Frances L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAs increased accountability is demanded of community colleges at the same time that state funding is being drastically cut, presidents must still maintain high standards of teaching and learning while looking for new means of fundraising. Strong support from boards of trustees is necessary for successful governance, which itself relies on effective identification and communication of educational and revenue challenges. This chapter examines some of the challenges as well as some of the avenues to success for effective governance and fundraising under these difficult circumstances.
The next community college movement?
Authors: Dassance Charles R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe missionary zeal of community colleges in the 1960s is still needed to meet the challenges they still face today: helping underserved and underprepared students succeed, and offering a strong general education curriculum that provides the foundation and framework for later academic and professional success. Even as economic, social, and political conditions change, community colleges can and must still provide national leadership in helping more students achieve success, guiding unsuccessful students to alternatives that will allow them to be successful, and preparing students for meaningful citizenship.
Giving voice: Advocating for the community college
Authors: Duncan Mary Ellen , Ball Calvin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAs fiscal, accountability, and enrollment pressures rise, community college presidents need to work more closely and effectively with elected officials at the local, state, and federal levels in order to advocate for their schools and students. Colleges will be expected to carry an even greater burden in meeting demands for both increased student enrollment and student success, and they must have demonstrable results and effectively persuasive data and stories to show legislators and other funders in order to keep them attentive to the needs and value of community colleges.
Preparation of Emodin‐Polyethylene Glycol Composite Microparticles Using a Supercritical Antisolvent Process
Authors: Lang Z. M. , Hong H. L. , Han L. M. , Zhu N. , Suo Q. L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEmodin‐polyethylene glycol (PEG) composite microparticles were obtained from a dichloromethane‐methanol mixture via the solution‐enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids through prefilming atomization (SEDS‐PA) process. Morphologies, particle sizes (PSs), and emodin contents of the composite microparticles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and UV‐visible spectrophotometry. The crystallinity change of emodin before and after the SEDS‐PA process was demonstrated by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD). The composite microparticles present nubbly, rod‐like emodin dispersed in PEG or a nubbly, sheet emodin inlay on PEG, with PSs ranging between 3 and 12 μm. The PSs of the composite microparticles increase with the increase of temperature, decrease with the increase of pressure, and do not seem to depend on the emodin content of the initial solute and on the solution flow rate. The emodin contents of the composite microparticles increase with the increasing emodin content in the initial solute and temperature and decrease with increasing solution flow rate.
Chiral recognition of diastereomeric 6‐cedrols by vibrational circular dichroism
Authors: Gordillo‐román Bárbara , Camacho‐ruiz Jorge , Bucio María A. , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe use of vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy for the chiral recognition of the two epimers of 6‐cedrol, tricyclic sesquiterpenes, which contains oxygen as the heaviest atom, is shown. Bands in the 1500–850 cm−1 region of the spectra were analyzed to calculate the anisotropy factors (g), which provided the regions of maximum circular dichroism effect for each epimer. Chirality, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chiral ruthenium complexes induce apoptosis of tumor cell and interact with bovine serum albumin
Authors: Yuan Fang , Chen Xiaojia , Liu Yanan , Zhang Tingting , Sun Dongdong , Liu Jie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, two isomeric ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(bpy)2(p‐mopip)]2+ (1) and [Ru(bpy)2(o‐mopip)]2+ (2) (bpy = 2, 2‐bipyridine; L: p‐mopip = 2‐(4‐methoxylphenyl) imidazo [4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline, o‐mopip = 2‐(2‐methoxylphenyl) imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10] phenan‐throline) contained OCH3 at different positions on the phenyl ring and their enantiomers 1, ‐2 and 1, ‐2 displayed different properties. The cell viability of these ruthenium(II) complexes was evaluated by MTT, and complex 1 has shown significant higher anticancer potency than 1 against all the cell lines screened. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that complex 1 was able to induce apoptosis. The interactions of complexes 1, 1, and 1 with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated by fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) measurements. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of BSA by complexes 1, 1, and 1 was determined to be a static process, and the apparent binding constant Ka values is as follows: Λ‐1 >1 > Δ‐1. The number of binding sites n for all these complexes was 1. The result of CD showed that the secondary structure of BSA molecules was changed in the presence of the ruthenium(II) complex. Chirality, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrogen transport in the primary coolant of pressurised heavy water reactors
Authors: Subramanian H. , Velmurugan S. , Narasimhan S. V. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHeavy water is used as coolant in primary heat transport systems of pressurised heavy water reactors. Hydrogen is added at regular intervals to the primary heat transport system to suppress the radiolysis of heavy water. However, the added hydrogen is not fully utilised in the system and finds its way to the heavy water storage tank after passing through the bleed condenser. Owing to the different temperatures and two phase regions present in these systems, hydrogen gets redistributed. It is important to know the concentration of dissolved hydrogen in these regions in order to ensure a dissolved hydrogen concentration as prescribed in the technical specification for the primary heat transport system. Different power stations report variations in the frequency and quantity of hydrogen added to achieve the concentration range prescribed. This paper makes an attempt to account for the inventory of hydrogen and model its transport in primary heat transport system. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Multivariate statistical monitoring of multiphase batch processes with between‐phase transitions and uneven operation durations
Authors: Yao Yuan , Dong Weiwei , Zhao Luping , Gao Furong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn order to achieve satisfactory monitoring, multivariate statistical process models should well reflect process nature. In manufacturing systems, many batch processes are inherently multiphase. Usually, different phases have different characteristics, while gradual transitions are often observed between phases. Another important feature of batch processes is the unevenness of operation durations. Especially, in multiphase batch processes, the situation becomes more complicated. In this study, a batch process modelling and monitoring strategy is proposed based on Gaussian mixture model (GMM), which can automatically extract phase and transition information for uneven‐duration batch processes. The application results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Degradation of Bezafibrate with UV/H2O2 in Surface Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent
Authors: Yuan Hui , Zhang YaLei , Zhou XueFei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBezafibrate (BZF), a widely used lipid regulator, is a potential threat to ecosystems and human health in water, and the recent research showed that advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are much more effective for BZF degradation. In this study, we investigated the photochemical decomposition of BZF in surface water and effluent from waste water treatment plants (WWTP) by UV/H2O2 process. The results showed that the UV/H2O2 process was a promising method to remove BZF at low concentration, generally at µg L−1 level. When initial concentrations reach 100 µg L−1 in the deionized water, >99.8% of BZF could be removed in 16 min under UV intensity of 61.4 µm cm−2, at the H2O2 concentration of 0.1 mg L−1, and neutral pH condition. Moreover, BZF degradation was inhibited in this process when humic acid (HA) and inorganic solution anions were added to the deionized water solutions, including chloride, nitrate, bicarbonate, and sulfate, significantly. In the surface water and effluent of WWTP, however, the removal efficiency of BZF was lower than that in the deionized water because of the interference of complex constituents in the surface water and effluent. Some main intermediates at the m/z range of 100–400 were observed by high performance LC‐MS (HPLC/MS) and a simple pathway of BZF degradation by UV/H2O2 was proposed.
A Novel Method for Dye Removal: Ionic Liquid‐Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Extraction (IL‐DLLE)
Authors: Gharehbaghi Maysam , Shemirani Farzaneh 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel, simple, fast, and efficient ionic liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid extraction (IL‐DLLE) has been applied to extract and remove Congo Red (CR; a carcinogenic textile dye) from aqueous solutions. In this methodology a binary solution, containing the extraction solvent (1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimmidazolium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl) imid) and a suitable disperser solvent, was rapidly injected into the water sample containing CR dye. Therewith, a cloudy solution was formed, and most of the dye molecules were extracted into fine IL droplets and removed from aqueous phase. The effects of pH, type, and amount of IL, initial concentration of the dye, type and volume of the dispersant, and concentrations of salt on the extraction of the dye were studied. Experimental surveys were also accomplished for recovery of the IL by applying a reverse dispersive liquid–liquid extraction using acidic stripping solutions.
Tol2 gene trap integrations in the zebrafish amyloid precursor protein genes appa and aplp2 reveal accumulation of secreted APP at the embryonic veins
Authors: Liao Hsin‐Kai , Wang Ying , Noack Watt Kristin E. , Wen Qin , Breitbach Justin , Kemmet Chelsy K. , Clark Karl J. , Ekker Stephen C. , Essner Jeffrey J. , McGrail Maura 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground: The single spanning transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its proteolytic product, amyloid‐beta (Aβ) peptide, have been intensely studied due to their role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, the biological role of the secreted ectodomain of APP, which is also generated by proteolytic cleavage, is less well understood. Here, we report Tol2 red fluorescent protein (RFP) transposon gene trap integrations in the zebrafish amyloid precursor protein a (appa) and amyloid precursor‐like protein 2 (aplp2) genes. The transposon integrations are predicted to disrupt the appa and aplp2 genes to primarily produce secreted ectodomains of the corresponding proteins that are fused to RFP. Results: Our results indicate the Appa‐RFP and Aplp2 fusion proteins are likely secreted from the central nervous system and accumulate in the embryonic veins independent of blood flow. Conclusions: The zebrafish appa and aplp2 transposon insertion alleles will be useful for investigating the biological role of the secreted form of APP. Developmental Dynamics 241:415–425, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Ring C‐Functionalized Derivatives of the Marine Natural Product (–)‐Dibromophakellstatin
Authors: Moldovan Rareş‐Petru , Zöllinger Michael , Jones Peter G. , Kelter Gerhard , Fiebig Heinz‐Herbert , Lindel Thomas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA structure–activity relationship study of ring C‐functionalized derivatives of the cytotoxic marine natural product(–)‐dibromophakellstatin from the sponge Phakellia mauritiana is reported. Functionalization of the pyrrolidine ring was achieved starting from the hydroxy derivative by conversion to the triflate followed by etherification by epimerizing nucleophilic substitution. We identified (12R)‐dibromo‐12‐hydroxyphakellstatin as the most cytotoxic derivative, which exhibited an average IC50 value of 1.4 μM against a panel of twelve human cancer cell lines. However, the 12S diastereomer was inactive. Dehydrophakellstatin was synthesized as the first example of a phakellin skeleton with an unsaturated ring C.