bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leclercia Adecarboxylata Cellulitis in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Shah Avnee , Nguyen Josephine , Sullivan Lisa M. , Chikwava Kudakwashe R. , Yan Albert C. , Treat James R. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  Leclercia adecarboxylata is a rare, gram‐negative rod that has been infrequently reported in the literature. The organism has been documented to cause solitary infections in immunocompromised hosts and polymicrobial wound infections in the immunocompetent. We present a case of an 8‐year‐old boy with significant past medical history of acute lymphobastic leukemia who developed cellulitis due to local infection by L. adecarboxylata. This case is presented to raise awareness of this rare organism’s ability to cause common cutaneous disease, especially in the immunocompromised.
Embryonic liver fodrin involved in hepatic stellate cell activation and formation of regenerative nodule in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Liu Fang , Tu Wei , Chang Ying , Yao Jinjian , Wu Wei , Jiang Xiang , He Xingxing , Lin Jusheng , Song Yuhu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTransforming growth factor (TGF) β1 plays a critical role in liver fibrosis. Previous studies demonstrated embryonic liver fodrin (ELF), a β‐spectrin was involved in TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway as Smad3/4 adaptor. Here we investigate the role of ELF in pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. In carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced mice model of liver cirrhosis, ELF is up‐regulated in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and down‐regulated in regenerative hepatocytes of cirrhotic nodules. In activated HSCs in vitro, reduction of ELF expression mediated by siRNA leads to the inhibition of HSC activation and procollagen I expression. BrdU assay demonstrates that down‐regulation of ELF expression does not inhibit proliferation of activated HSCs in vitro. Immunostaining of cytokeratin 19 and Ki67 indicates that regenerative hepatocytes in cirrhotic liver are derived from hepatic progenitor cells (HPC). Further study reveals that HPC expansion occurs as an initial phase, before the reduction of ELF expression in regenerative hepatocytes. Regenerative hepatocytes in cirrhotic liver show the change in proliferative activity and expression pattern of proteins involved in G1/S transition, which suggests the deregulation of cell cycle in regenerative hepatocytes. Finally, we find that ELF participates in TGF‐β/Smad signal in activated HSCs and hepatocytes through regulating the localization of Smad3/4. These data reveal that ELF is involved in HSC activation and the formation of regenerative nodules derived from HPC in cirrhotic liver.
Elevated levels of hypoxia‐inducible microRNA‐210 in pre‐eclampsia: new insights into molecular mechanisms for the disease
Authors: Zhang Yi , Fei Mingyu , Xue Geng , Zhou Qi , Jia Yin , Li Li , Xin Hong , Sun Shuhan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPre‐eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Insufficient uteroplacental oxygenation is believed to be responsible for the disease. However, what molecular events involve in hypoxic responses and how they affect placental development remain unclear. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as a new class of molecules in response to hypoxia. We show here that the expression of microRNA‐210 (mir‐210) is up‐regulated in patients with pre‐eclampsia, as well as in trophoblast cells cultured under hypoxic conditions. Ectopic expression of mir‐210 inhibited the migration and invasion capability of trophoblast cells. Ephrin‐A3 and Homeobox‐A9, which related with cell migration and vascular remodelling, were then experimentally validated as the functional targets of mir‐210 both in vivo and in vitro. Using luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments, we finally identified a new transcriptional mechanism that the overexpression of mir‐210 under hypoxia was regulated by NF‐κB transcriptional factor p50, apart from the well‐known HIF 1α. Taken together, our study implicates an important role for mir‐210 in the molecular mechanism of pre‐eclampsia.
An experimental approach to estimating vulnerability of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) ova to predation by invasive ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus)
Authors: Etheridge Elizabeth C. , Bean Colin W. , Adams Colin E. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract –  The complexity of substrate covering spawning grounds of Coregonus lavaretus is assumed to have a role in the protection of incubating ova from predation. It is believed that the Loch Lomond population of C. lavaretus is adversely affected by invasive ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) predation on eggs. To discover the protective ability of substrate commonly found on whitefish spawning grounds, predation experiments of ruffe on artificial eggs were conducted. These were presented to ruffe over different substrates: sand, gravel, pebbles and cobbles. It was found that the greatest protection was provided by pebbles and gravel. Eggs are exposed on sand, but are protected by small gaps between pebbles and gravel, while in cobbles the gaps between substrate particles are large enough to sometimes allow ruffe to foraging within the substrate. Using these results, a comparison between the potential protective ability of substrates of spawning grounds in four Scottish whitefish sites was attempted.
Left or right temporal lesion might induce aggression or escape during awake surgery, respectively: role of the amygdala
Authors: Shinoura Nobusada , Yamada Ryozi , Tabei Yusuke , Otani Ryohei , Itoi Chihiro , Saito Seiko , Midorikawa Akira 
Published: March 2011

Objective: Some patients with temporal lobe brain tumours show aggressive or escape behaviour during awake surgery. As the amygdala plays a critical role in coping with stress, we evaluated whether the left or right amygdala was involved in aggressive or escape behaviour in six patients undergoing awake surgery for temporal lobe brain tumours.Methods: Brain tumours were located in the left temporal lobe in cases 1–3 and in the right temporal lobe in cases 4–6. In cases 1, 2, 4 and 5, the tumours invaded the amygdala.Results: In case 1, the patient showed aggressive behaviour before partial removal of the left amygdala during awake surgery; just after partial removal of left amygdala, the patient was calm and cooperative. In case 2, the patient showed aggressive behaviour when the tumour near the left amygdala was removed. In case 3, the patient showed aggressive behaviour when awakening during awake surgery. In case 4, the patient showed escape behaviour when removal of the tumour near the right amygdala was initiated. In cases 5 and 6, patients showed escape behaviour upon awakening and upon initiation of tumour removal from the temporal lobe.Conclusion: In conclusion, these results suggest that left or right temporal lesions might induce aggressive or escape behaviour during awake surgery, respectively, and that the amygdala on the respective side may play a role in these behaviours.
Plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide levels in children with heart disease
Authors: Knirsch Walter , Häusermann Eliane , Fasnacht Margrit , Hersberger Martin , Gessler Peter , Bauersfeld Urs 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  To determine plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in children with heart diseases before medical or surgical treatment for monitoring therapeutic efficacy in an observational prospective clinical trial at tertiary care centre.Methods:  In 522 paediatric patients at an age of 6.4 ± 5.2 years (mean ± SD; range: 14 days–18 years) with congenital heart disease (CHD), cardiomyopathies (CMP) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), plasma BNP levels were evaluated before and under treatment.Results:  Most types of heart disease are associated with increased mean plasma BNP levels before treatment, with highest values in children with CMP (BNP 6165 pg/mL in dilated CMP vs. 817 pg/mL in hypertrophic, vs. 1236 pg/mL in restrictive CMP, each p < 0.05). Children with PAH showed a significant decrease in BNP levels under medical treatment (mean BNP 981 pg/mL before vs. 26 pg/mL under treatment, p < 0.05). Children with univentricular CHD undergoing surgical staged palliation showed a significant decrease in BNP levels after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (BDCP) (BNP 109 pg/mL before vs. 70 pg/mL after BDCP, p < 0.05).Conclusion:  Plasma BNP levels are elevated in children with heart disease before treatment and are a useful laboratory parameter under treatment during long‐term follow‐up.
Maintenance of remission with cyclosporine in paediatric patients with Kimura′s disease – two case reports
Authors: Soeria‐Atmadja Sandra , Oskarsson Trausti , Celci Gianni , Sander Birgitta , Berg Ulla , Gustafsson Britt 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHere we report two paediatric cases of Kimura′s disease, which is a rare, chronic inflammatory disorder with undetermined aetiology. The first patient was a 17‐year‐old boy presenting with a swelling behind his right ear and a nephrotic syndrome. The second patient was a 9‐year‐old boy presenting with a left‐sided preauricular swelling. Both displayed peripheral blood eosinophilia, raised levels of serum IgE and typical histological findings. Initial response to prednisolone was excellent but both relapsed as medication was tapered or discontinued. Adding cyclosporine to the regimen resulted in prolonged remission in both patients.Conclusion:  We support the use of cyclosporine for maintaining remission in paediatric patients with Kimura′s disease.
Crystal structure of importin‐α bound to a peptide bearing the nuclear localisation signal from chloride intracellular channel protein 4
Authors: Mynott Andrew V. , Harrop Stephen J. , Brown Louise J. , Breit Samuel N. , Kobe Bostjan , Curmi Paul M. G. 
Published: March 2011

It has been reported that a human chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) protein, CLIC4, translocates to the nucleus in response to cellular stress, facilitated by a putative CLIC4 nuclear localization signal (NLS). The CLIC4 NLS adopts an α‐helical structure in the native CLIC4 fold. It is proposed that CLIC4 is transported to the nucleus via the classical nuclear import pathway after binding the import receptor, importin‐α. In this study, we have determined the X‐ray crystal structure of a truncated form of importin‐α lacking the importin‐β binding domain, bound to a CLIC4 NLS peptide. The NLS peptide binds to the major binding site in an extended conformation similar to that observed for the classical simian virus 40 large T‐antigen NLS. A Tyr residue within the CLIC4 NLS makes surprisingly favourable interactions by forming side‐chain hydrogen bonds to the importin‐α backbone. This structural evidence supports the hypothesis that CLIC4 translocation to the nucleus is governed by the importin‐α nuclear import pathway, provided that CLIC4 can undergo a conformational rearrangement that exposes the NLS in an extended conformation.Database
Structural data are available in the protein Data Bank under the accession number 3OQS.Structured digital abstract
CLIC4
and importin alpha bind by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
EFFECT OF PARTICLE DENSITY AND COMPOSITION ON MIXTURES DURING NONELECTROSTATIC AND ELECTROSTATIC POWDER COATING
Authors: SOMBOONVECHAKARN CHANUN , BARRINGER SHERYL A. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTNonelectrostatic and electrostatic coating processes cause the proportion of each powder in a mixture to be different on the target than in the initial mixture. First, some loss of powder occurs during the targeting step; thus, not all of the powder lands on the target. This targeting loss is caused by the individual powder characteristics and interactions that occur between powders in the mixture. Also, an uneven distribution is produced on the target because of the way the powder is dispersed. Finally, adhesion loss occurs on the target, also because of individual and mixture characteristics. During nonelectrostatic coating, a mixture of fine NaCl and starch particles changed in proportion due to the differences between individual targeting, and mixture adhesion, losses. Little change in proportion occurred in the coarse NaCl and starch mixture. During electrostatic coating of both mixtures, proportions changed because of differences between individual adhesion losses.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFood coatings usually consist of mixtures of powders with different densities and compositions, which cause separation of the powders. For maximum consumer acceptance, the powder should be evenly coated on the surface, with the same proportion of ingredients as in the original powder. In fine powder mixtures, during nonelectrostatic coating, targeting loss is the biggest cause of separation. Therefore, when mixtures of different density and composition are used, the coating systems need to be designed to minimize the targeting loss difference between the powders. Electrostatic coating reduced targeting loss of the fine powders by a large amount; therefore, it is one way to decrease separation. Electrostatic coating of both mixtures had high adhesion loss; therefore, the electrostatic coating system needs to be designed to minimize adhesion loss, such as by addition of oil or other tack agents, when powder mixtures are coated.
FRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF CASHEW SPLITS
Authors: LATHA R. BABY , NAGAPRABHA P. , BHAT K.K. , BHATTACHARYA SUVENDU 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTSplit cashew kernels are subjected to frying at different temperatures (140–180C) and time of frying (0–240 s), and different product attributes such as color, texture and sensory attributes have been determined. The dominant wavelength or hue of raw cashew sample is 593.2 nm, while it varies between 593.0 and 600.6 nm for fried samples. Brightness decreases due to frying, while chroma increases markedly. The instrumental texture parameters are characterized by indices like maximum force, firmness, energy for shearing, engineering strain at shear failure and the number of major fractures prior to complete shearing. Raw cashew shows higher maximum force values compared with fried samples, while the latter exhibits brittleness as evidenced by more number of major fractures prior to shearing compared with the raw sample. The extent of brittleness depends on the conditions of the frying process. Sensory assessments indicate that a frying temperature between 160 and 180C and frying time of 150–180 s produce fried cashew kernel splits of acceptable quality.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFried cashew is an important snack in the international market mostly for its delicious taste and attractive soft texture. The present paper is focused on the quality attributes of fried cashew splits with particular references to appearance/color, texture and sensory evaluation such that the generated data and findings are useful for the development of cashew nut‐based fried products.
ADHESION OF FOOD POWDERS WITH NONELECTROSTATIC AND ELECTROSTATIC COATING
Authors: HUANG YANG , BARRINGER SHERYL A. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of powder resistivity, coating voltage, relative humidity (RH) and coating density on adhesion. Cocoa powder with a high resistivity (1.15 × 1013 Ωm) showed a stronger electrostatic adhesion than starch powder with a medium resistivity (2.56 × 1010 Ωm) and NaCl powder with a low resistivity (7.31 × 105 Ωm). The adhesion of starch and cocoa powders coated at 0, 40 and 95 kV increased with increasing voltage. The adhesion at 0 kV should be dominated by the van der Waals force, at 40 and 95 kV by the electrostatic image force and at high RH by capillary force. Theoretical calculations were in the correct range, but the assumptions in those calculations make them unreliable. For nonelectrostatic coating (0 kV), there was no significant change in adhesion when RH increased from 30 to 60%, while adhesion increased when RH increased from 60 to 80%. For electrostatic coating, the adhesion decreased when RH increased from 30 to 60%, but the adhesion at 80% RH was larger than the adhesion at 30 and 60% RH. For both nonelectrostatic and electrostatic coating, the adhesion force decreased as coating density increased to 1.0 mg/cm2, but there was no significant change from 1.0 mg/cm2 to 2.0 mg/cm2.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe adhesion of seasoning powders on snack foods plays an important role in the product quality, but insufficient adhesion between food powders and the surface of snacks results in the seasonings falling off the snacks, leading to a poor distribution and waste of seasonings. This study suggests that the adhesion between food powders and targets can be effectively improved by controlling the properties of the powders, as well as optimizing coating conditions. For example, using food powders with a high resistivity and high voltage during electrostatic coating and increasing relative humidity will increase adhesion.
Developing indicators to detect changes in the seasonality, frequency and duration of medium and high river flows
Authors: Morris S. E. , Cobby D. C. , Donovan B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIndicators specifically designed to detect changes in the seasonality, frequency and duration of medium and high river flows have been developed to monitor river flow regimes. Four primary methods to display and interpret the indicator results have been developed to meet the needs of different target audiences. The variability in annual indicator values is accommodated by comparing the probability distributions of the annual values rather than seeking to identify trends in annual values themselves. Changes in the distribution of indicator values are consistent with those anticipated to arise as a result of climate change. This finding is confirmed by calculating the indicators from example flow data for catchments across England and Wales, which has been perturbed to reflect climate change scenario model outputs.
Enhanced Self‐cleaning, Antibacterial and UV Protection Properties of Nano TiO2 Treated Textile through Enzymatic Pretreatment
Authors: Montazer Majid , Seifollahzadeh Samira 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTextile materials can be treated with some enzymes to improve their functionality. The usual enzymatic treatment hydrolyzes the textile surfaces that leads to increase the functional groups. Here, the polyester/wool fabric as a blend of fibers fabric was selected and treated with the two different types of enzymes to increase the surface activity with a propose of higher nano‐TiO2 adsorption. The fabric was first treated with proteases and lipases to hydrolyze the wool and the polyester surfaces, respectively. It has been then dipped into an ultrasound bath containing nano TiO2 and cross‐linking agent followed by curing. The cross‐linking agent, butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), also assisted to enhance the nano‐particles adsorption and stabilization on the fabric surface. The self‐cleaning properties of the fabrics were examined through evaluating the color removal from the stained fabric with Acid Blue 113. The antibacterial properties were determined by reduction growth of a Gram‐negative bacteria E. coli. and the UV protection was assessed by UV‐reflectance spectrum. The SEM pictures and EDX spectrums of some samples were also reported.
Molecular scatology: how to improve prey DNA detection success in avian faeces?
Authors: OEHM JOHANNES , JUEN ANITA , NAGILLER KARIN , NEUHAUSER SIGRID , TRAUGOTT MICHAEL 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe analysis of prey DNA in faeces is a non‐invasive approach to examine the diet of birds. However, it is poorly known how gut transition time, environmental factors and laboratory treatments such as storage conditions or DNA extraction procedures affect the detection success of prey DNA. Here, we examined several of these factors using faeces from carrion crows fed with insect larvae. Faeces produced between 30 min and 4 h post‐feeding tested positive for insect DNA, representing the gut transition time. Prey detection was not only possible in fresh but also in 5‐day‐old faeces. The type of surface the faeces were placed on for these 5 days, however, affected prey DNA detection success: samples placed on soil provided the lowest rate of positives compared to faeces left on leaves, on branches and within plastic tubes. Exposing faeces to sunlight and rain significantly lowered prey DNA detection rates (17% and 68% positives in exposed and protected samples, respectively). Storing faeces in ethanol or in the freezer did not affect molecular prey detection. Extracting DNA directly from larger pieces of faecal pellets resulted in significantly higher prey detection rates than when using small amounts of homogenized faeces. A cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide‐based DNA extraction protocol yielded significantly higher DNA detection rates (60%) than three commercial kits, however, for small amounts of homogenized faeces only. Our results suggest that collecting faeces from smooth, clean and non‐absorbing surfaces, protected from sunlight and rain, improves DNA detection success in avian faeces.
A new method for estimating animal abundance with two sources of data in capture–recapture studies
Authors: Madon Bénédicte , Gimenez Olivier , McArdle Brian , Scott Baker C. , Garrigue Claire 
Published: March 2011

Summary 1. Mark–recapture studies are often used to estimate population size based on a single source of individual identification data such as natural markings or artificial tags. However, with the development of molecular ecology, multiple sources of identification can be obtained for some species and combining them to obtain population size estimates would certainly provide better information about abundance than each survey can provide alone. 2. We propose an extension of the Jolly–Seber model to infer abundance by combining two sources of capture–recapture data. The need to merge both sources of data was motivated by studies of humpback whales in which both photo‐identification and DNA from skin biopsy samples are often collected. As whales are not necessarily available by both sampling methods on any given occasion, they can appear twice in the combined data set if no combined sampling ever occurred during the survey, i.e. being photographed and genotyped on the same occasion. Our model thus combines the two sources of information by estimating the possible overlap. Monte Carlo simulations are used to assess the properties of the present estimator that is then used to estimate the size of the humpback whale population in New Caledonia. The new open‐population estimator is also compared with classic closed‐population estimators incorporating either temporal and/or individual heterogeneity in the capture probability: the purpose was to evaluate which approach (closed or open population) was the least biased for an open population with individual heterogeneous capture probabilities. 3. When all assumptions are met, the estimator is unbiased as long as the probability of being double‐tagged (e.g. photographed and biopsied on the same occasion) on every occasion is above 0·2. 4. The humpback whale case study in New Caledonia shows that our two‐source Jolly–Seber (TSJS) estimator could be more efficient in estimating population size than models based only on one type of data. For monitoring purposes, the proposed method provides an efficient alternative to the existing approaches and a productive direction for future work to deal with multiple sources of data to estimate abundance. 5. R‐codes formatting the data and implementing the TSJS model are provided in Resource S5.