bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical strategy and complication management of osteotomy around the painful degenerative varus knee: ESSKA Formal Consensus Part II
Authors: Ollivier Matthieu , Claes Steven , Mabrouk Ahmed , Elson David , Espejo‐Reina Alejandro , Predescu Vlad , Schröter Steffen , Van heerwarden Ronald , Menetrey Jacques , Beaufils Philippe , Seil Roman , Beker Roland , Khakha Raghbir , Dawson Matthew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the European consensus was to provide recommendations for the treatment of patients with a painful degenerative varus knee using a joint preservation approach. Part II focused on surgery, rehabilitation and complications after tibial or femoral correction osteotomy.MethodsNinety‐four orthopaedic surgeons from 24 countries across Europe were involved in the consensus, which focused on osteotomies around the knee. The consensus was performed according to the European Society for Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy consensus methodology. The steering group designed the questions and prepared the statements based on the experience of the experts and the evidence of the literature. The statements were evaluated by the ratings of the peer‐review groups before a final consensus was released.ResultsThe ideal hinge position for medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOW HTO) should be at the upper level of the proximal tibiofibular joint, and for lateral closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy (LCW DFO) just above the medial femoral condyle. Hinge protection is not mandatory. Biplanar osteotomy cuts provide more stability and quicker bony union for both MOW HTO and LCW DFO and are especially recommended for the latter. Osteotomy gap filling is not mandatory, unless structural augmentation for stability is required. Patient‐specific instrumentation should be reserved for complex cases by experienced hands. Early full weight‐bearing can be adopted after osteotomy, regardless of the technique. However, extra caution should be exercised in DFO patients. Osteotomy patients should return to sports within 6 months.ConclusionClear recommendations for surgical strategy, rehabilitation and complications of knee osteotomies for the painful degenerative varus knee were demonstrated. In Part 2 of the consensus, high levels of agreement were reached by experts throughout Europe, under variable working conditions. Where science is limited, the collated expertise of the collaborators aimed at providing guidance for orthopaedic surgeons developing an interest in the field and highlighting areas for potential future research.Level of EvidenceLevel II, consensus.
Efficacy of laser hair removal in hidradenitis suppurativa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shipman William D. , Williams Monica N. , Suozzi Kathleen C. , Eisenstein Anna S. , Dover Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by painful nodules, draining tunnels, and fibrotic scarring in intertriginous, hair‐bearing areas. The pathogenesis involves follicular occlusion and subsequent rupture, leading to uncontrolled inflammation. Treatment options for HS are limited and lack universal effectiveness. Laser hair removal (LHR) has been explored as a potential treatment; however, the efficacy and appropriate laser modalities remain unclear. This systematic review examined the efficacy and adverse effects of LHR in HS.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted from inception to September 2023 in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and The Cochrane Library (Wiley) with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a meta‐analysis was conducted.ResultsTen studies were selected (n = 227 total patients) and included six randomized controlled trials, two nonrandomized experimental studies, and two case series. Various laser modalities, including long‐pulsed neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) (n = 115), intense pulsed light (n = 18), Alexandrite (n = 54), intralesional 1064 nm diode (n = 20), and combined fractional CO2 and long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser (n = 20), consistently demonstrated significant improvement in HS disease severity, irrespective of the disease scoring method used. Minimal adverse effects (primarily mild pain and erythema) were reported. A meta‐analysis of three studies utilizing long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser demonstrated a standardized mean difference in disease severity of −1.68 (95% confidence interval: −2.99; −0.37), favoring treatment with LHR for HS.ConclusionsHair follicles are key in HS pathogenesis and all included studies showed a significant improvement in HS disease severity after LHR regardless of the laser device used, likely related to hair follicle unit destruction. HS is a complex and heterogenous condition, and multiple disease scoring methods complicate outcome comparisons across studies. However, LHR, utilizing various techniques, is an effective treatment option for HS with minimal adverse effects.
Identification and functional analysis of a rare variant of gene DHX37 in a patient with 46,XY disorders of sex development
Authors: Jiang Wei , Yu Jing , Mao Yu , Tang Yunman , Cao Li , Du Qin , Li Jianan , Yang Jiyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground46,XY sex reversal 11 (SRXY11) [OMIM#273250] is characterized by genital ambiguity that may range from mild male genital defects to gonadal sex reversal in severe cases. DHX37 is an RNA helicase that has recently been reported as a cause of SRXY11. So far, a total of 21 variants in DHX37 have been reported in 58 cases with 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD).MethodsWhole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted to screen for variations in patients with 46,XY DSD. The subcellular localization of mutant DHX37 proteins was detected by immunofluorescence. And the levels of mutant DHX37 proteins were detected via Western blotting.ResultsA novel pathogenic variant of DHX37 was identified in a patient with 46,XY DSD c.2012G > C (p.Arg671Thr). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the protein function of the variant was impaired. Compared with the structure of the wild‐type DHX37 protein, the number of hydrogen bonds and interacting amino acids of the variant protein were changed to varying degrees. In vitro assays revealed that the variant had no significant effect on the intracellular localization of the protein but significantly reduced the expression level of the protein.ConclusionsOur finding further expands the spectrum of the DHX37 variant and could assist in the molecular diagnosis of 46,XY DSD patients.
Comparing Video Head Impulse Testing With Rotary Chair in Pediatric Patients: A Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhou Guangwei , Yun Alice , Wang Alicia , Brodsky Jacob R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of video head impulse testing (VHIT) in detecting vestibular loss in pediatric patients with abnormal rotary chair testing, compared to a control group with normal rotary chair testing.Study DesignProspective, nonrandomized, controlled trial.SettingPediatric vestibular program at tertiary level children's hospital.MethodsPatients 3 to 18 years of age were recruited to undergo VHIT and rotary chair testing between September 2015 and November 2022. VHIT results were compared between an experimental group of 23 patients with vestibular symptoms and abnormal rotary chair testing results versus a control group of 14 patients without vestibular symptoms and with normal rotary chair testing results.ResultsThe experimental group demonstrated reduced mean VHIT gain for the lateral semicircular canals (right = 0.83; left = 0.75) relative to the control group (right = 1.04, P = .005; left = 0.98, P < .001), but there was no significant difference between groups in superior and posterior canal responses. Among controls, there were no significant differences in mean gain values for each canal plane between age groups (3‐7, 8‐12, and 13‐18 years) or between genders. A VHIT lateral canal gain value <0.85 and/or corrective saccades demonstrated 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive value for detecting vestibular loss on rotary chair, but only 69.6% sensitivity and 66.7% negative predictive value.ConclusionVHIT is a useful test for detecting impairment of the lateral semicircular canals in children, though its sensitivity is limited relative to rotary chair. Its role in detecting vertical canal dysfunction in pediatric patients may be more limited and warrants further study.
Improving Operating Room Efficiency in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hathi Kalpesh , Nam You Sung (Jon) , Fowler James , Dishan Brad , Madou Edward , Sowerby Leigh J. , MacNeil S. Danielle , Nichols Anthony C. , Strychowsky Julie E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveOne minute of operating room (OR) time costs $36 to 37. However, ORs are notoriously inefficient. There is growing literature on improving OR efficiency, but no formal review of this topic within otolaryngology has been performed. This study reviews and synthesizes the current literature on improving OR efficiency within otolaryngology.Data SourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, preprints.org, and medRxiv were searched on November 4, 2022.Review MethodsPublished English studies were included if they reported on metrics for improving OR efficiency within otolaryngology. There were no publication date restrictions. Articles were screened by 2 reviewers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis reporting for scoping reviews was followed.ResultsThe search yielded 9316 no‐duplicate articles; 129 articles were included. Most of the studies reported on head and neck procedures (n = 52/129). The main tactics included surgical considerations: hemostatic devices, techniques, and team/simultaneous approaches; anesthetic considerations: local anesthetic and laryngeal mask airways; procedure location considerations: procedures outside of the OR and remote technologies; standardization: equipment, checklists, and personnel; scheduling considerations: use of machine learning for booking, considering patient/surgeon factors, and utilizing dedicated OR time/multidisciplinary teams for on‐call cases.ConclusionThe current literature brings to attention numerous strategies for improving OR efficiency within otolaryngology. Applying these strategies and implementing novel techniques to manage surgical cases may assist in offloading overloaded health care systems and improving access to care while facilitating patient safety and outcomes. Anticipated barriers to implementation include resistance to change, funding, and the current strain on health care systems and providers.
Caring for children with cancer evacuated from Ukraine: The patients’ perception
Authors: Bolognese Marcello , Massimino Maura , Cabibbe Daniele , Zecca Marco , Fornara Marta , Armiraglio Mariangela , Kyzima Roman , Luksch Roberto , Terenziani Monica , Casanova Michela , Spreafico Filippo , Meazza Cristina , Podda Marta , Biassoni Veronica , Schiavello Elisabetta , Chiaravalli Stefano , Puma Nadia , Hovsepyan Shushan , Bergamaschi Luca , Gattuso Giovanna , Nigro Olga , Grampa Paolo , Adduci Annarita , Ferrari Andrea , Clerici Carlo Alfredo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsSince the beginning of the war in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, many pediatric oncology centers welcomed evacuated patients. To better understanding the needs of patients and families arriving at two Lombardy hospitals in the period March to November 2022, an anonymous questionnaire investigated the families’ backgrounds, feelings, and impressions about hospitality and care.MethodsTwenty questions investigated how patients had reached Italy, from whom they had received help (logistically/financially); the emotions regarding their status as war refugees; the knowledge, expectations, and opinions about Italy and Italians; the quality of medical care received and the relationships with the healthcare staff; lastly, suggestions to improve assistance.ResultsThe questionnaires were completed by 19/32 patients/parents in November 2022 in two different pediatric‐oncology centers. Most families had reached Italy (58%) and received medical care (95%) with the help of charities and the Italian Public Health Care System. A significant majority (69%) expressed satisfaction with the assistance provided. The Italian population demonstrated remarkable warmth, for 95% exhibiting friendliness and for 58% generosity. An improvement in their stay could be linked with the positive outcome of their children's cancer (15%), achieving complete family reunification (15%), the cessation of the conflict (10%), and the overcoming of language barriers (10%).ConclusionsProviding care for children from another country, not only grappling with the trauma of fleeing their homeland but also battling cancer, is an immense undertaking. It demands a diverse range of efforts and resources to ensure a positive and fulfilling outcome for this experience.
Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against Philaenus spumarius, the vector of Xylella fastidosa
Authors: Ganassi Sonia , Di Domenico Carmela , Altomare Claudio , Grazioso Pasqualina , Di Cillo Pardo , Pietrantonio Laura , De Cristofaro Antonio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDXylella fastidiosa is an important causative agent of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome in the Apulia region of Italy. The current study evaluated the bioefficacy of three entomopathogenic fungal strains: Beauveria bassiana SGB7004, Metarhizium robertsii SGB1K, and Akanthomyces lecanii SGB4711 against Philaenus spumarius the main vector of this pathogen, under laboratory conditions. Pathogenicity bioassays were performed by dipping nymphs and adults of P. spumarius in an aqueous suspension of powdered fungal culture (PFC) or conidial suspension (CS) of the three fungal strains.RESULTSBoth B. bassiana SGB7004 and M. robertsii SGB1K affected the viability of nymphs, resulting in more than 80% mortality at 48 h post treatment, while the effect of A. lecanii SGB4711 was not statistically significant. On adults, all three biocontrol strains were effective in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. The PFCs of B. bassiana SGB7004, M. robertsii SGB1K, and A. lecanii SGB4711 at the highest concentration tested (120 mg mL−1) resulted in 97%, 83% and 27% mortality at the trial endpoint (120 h), respectively. Mycelial growth was observed on 38.5%, 37.0% and 61.5% of dead insects treated with B. bassiana SGB7004 (2.3 × 108 CFU mL−1), M. robertsii SGB1K (3.8 × 106 CFU mL−1) and A. lecanii SGB4711 (5.4 × 108 CFU mL−1), respectively. None of the PFCs of the tested strains was pathogenic when injected into nymph spittle.CONCLUSIONSBeauveria bassiana SGB7004 and M. robertsii SGB1K significantly affected the survival of P. spumarius nymphs and adults, while A. lecanii SGB4711 was not effective on nymphs and only slightly effective against adults. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Stimulus‐Responsive Ternary Heterojunction Boosting Oxidative Stress, Cuproptosis for Melanoma Therapy
Authors: Huang Yuqi , Chen Cheng , Tan Huarong , Dong Shuqing , Ren Yiping , Chao Minghao , Yan Hanrong , Yan Xiang , Jiang Guan , Gao Fenglei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCuproptosis, a recently discovered copper‐dependent cell death, presents significant potential for the development of copper‐based nanoparticles to induce cuproptosis in cancer therapy. Herein, a unique ternary heterojunction, denoted as HACT, composed of core–shell Au@Cu2O nanocubes with surface‐deposited Titanium Dioxide quantum dots and modified with hyaluronic acid is introduced. Compared to core–shell AC NCs, the TiO2/Au@Cu2O exhibits improved energy structure optimization, successfully separating electron‐hole pairs for redox use. This optimization results in a more rapid generation of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals triggering oxidative stress under ultrasound radiation. Furthermore, the HACT NCs initiate cuproptosis by Fenton‐like reaction and acidic environment, leading to the sequential release of cupric and cuprous ions. This accumulation of copper induces the aggregation of lipoylated proteins and reduces iron‐sulfur proteins, ultimately initiating cuproptosis. More importantly, HACT NCs show a tendency to selectively target cancer cells, thereby granting them a degree of biosecurity. This report introduces a ternary heterojunction capable of triggering both cuproptosis and oxidative stress‐related combination therapy in a stimulus‐responsive manner. It can energize efforts to develop effective melanoma treatment strategies using Cu‐based nanoparticles through rational design.
Erhöhung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Hohlprofil‐K‐Knoten mittels formoptimierter Knotenbleche
Authors: Herion Stefan , Ladendorf Philipp , Dürr André , Winkler Matthias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDie Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Tragwerken aus rechteckigen (RHS) und kreisförmigen Hohlprofilen (CHS) ist durch inhomogene Steifigkeitsverteilungen in den Verbindungsbereichen von Streben und Gurten gekennzeichnet, die zu hohen Spannungskonzentrationsfaktoren (SCF) führen. Mithilfe dieser SCFs in Verbindung mit Ermüdungsfestigkeitskurven kann ihre Lebensdauer abgeschätzt werden. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts FOSTA P1442 wurden experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zur Ermüdungsfestigkeit an K‐Knoten aus hochfesten Hohlprofilen mit formoptimierten Knotenblechen durchgeführt. Durch den Einsatz von Knotenblechen wird die Ermüdungsfestigkeit von K‐Verbindungen erhöht, indem die Lage des Hotspots in Bereiche mit geringeren Spannungen verlagert wird. Zu diesem Zweck wurden drei verschiedene Knotenblechgeometrien an unterschiedlichen RHS‐ bzw. CHS‐Geometrien untersucht. Der SCF der drei Knotenblechgeometrien wird mit dem SCF herkömmlicher K‐Knoten auf Grundlage der numerischen Untersuchungen verglichen. Abschließend wird eine Empfehlung für den praktischen Einsatz der Knotenblechgeometrien ausgesprochen.
Effect of fly ash and gypsum on drying shrinkage and mechanical properties of one‐part alkali‐activated slag mortar
Authors: Chen Haiming , Zhang Yadong , Chen Jie , Qin Ziguang , Wu Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne‐part alkali‐activated materials can be processed into semi‐finished products by mixing a solid activator with the powder. They only require the addition of water, which greatly improves their commercial feasibility. So, we used one‐part alkali‐activated slag mortar to investigate the effects of the dosages of the activator (sodium metasilicate), fly ash (FA), and gypsum on its fluidity, flexural strength, compressive strength, and drying shrinkage. The microscopic mechanisms of the mortar were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray diffraction. The below conclusions were drawn. First, the drying shrinkage and compressive strength of the mortar gradually increased with the increase of the activator dosage. Second, the drying shrinkage of the mortar initially decreased and then increased as increasing FA substitution, while the compressive strength decreased gradually in the early stage and then increased and decreased in the later stage. Lastly, by increasing the gypsum dosage, the drying shrinkage of the mortar was significantly reduced. However, the compressive strength gradually decreased. Besides, when adding 20% of FA and 2.4% of gypsum, it was found that ettringite, which underwent expansion, formed in the system. This not only reduced the drying shrinkage by 25.3% but also increased the compressive strength by 1.3%. Furthermore, our investigation has led to the development of a low‐shrinkage one‐part alkali‐activated slag and FA mortar, which not only facilitates the recycling of solid waste materials but also presents commendable environmental and economic advantages.
Quantitative systems pharmacology‐based exploration of relevant anti‐amyloid therapy challenges in clinical practice
Authors: Geerts Hugo , Bergeler Silke , Walker Mike , Rose Rachel H. , van der Graaf Piet H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAddressing practical challenges in clinical practice after the recent approvals of amyloid antibodies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) will benefit more patients. However, generating these answers using clinical trials or real‐world evidence is not practical, nor feasible.METHODSHere we use a Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) computational model of amyloid aggregation dynamics, well validated with clinical data on biomarkers and amyloid‐related imaging abnormality–edema (ARIA‐E) liability of six amyloid antibodies in clinical trials to explore various clinical practice challenges.RESULTSTreatment duration to reach amyloid negativity ranges from 12 to 44, 16 to 40, and 6 to 20 months for lecanemab, aducanumab, and donanemab, respectively, for baseline central amyloid values between 50 and 200 Centiloids (CL). Changes in plasma cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 and the plasma Aβ42/ Aβ40 ratio—fluid biomarkers to detect central amyloid negativity—is greater for lecanemab than for aducanumab and donanemab, indicating that these fluid amyloid biomarkers are only suitable for lecanemab. After reaching amyloid negativity an optimal maintenance schedule consists of a 24‐month, 48‐month and 64‐month interval for 10 mg/kg (mpk) lecanemab, 10 mpk aducanumab, and 20 mpk donanemab, respectively, to keep central amyloid negative for 10 years. Cumulative ARIA‐E liability could be reduced to almost half by introducing a drug holiday in the first months. For patients experiencing ARIA‐E, restarting treatment with a conservative titration strategy resulted in an additional delay ranging between 3 and 4 months (donanemab), 5 months (lecanemab), and up to 7 months (aducanumab) for reaching amyloid negativity, depending upon the timing of the incident. Clinical trial designs for Down syndrome patients suggested the same rank order for central amyloid reduction, but higher ARIA‐E liability especially for donanemab, which can be significantly mitigated by adopting a longer titration period.DISCUSSIONThis QSP platform could support clinical practice challenges to optimize real‐world treatment paradigms for new and existing amyloid drugs.
On the worldsheet S matrix of the AdS3/CFT2 mixed-flux mirror model
Authors: Baglioni Nicola , Polvara Davide , Pone Andrea , Sfondrini Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
String on AdS3 × S3 × T4 backgrounds are known to be classically integrable in the presence of a mixture of Ramond-Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz fluxes. It is expected that this results in the existence of a well-defined factorised worldsheet S matrix. In order to use integrability to compute the string spectrum we need such a factorised S matrix to exist also for the “mirror” model, obtained by a double Wick rotation of the original worldsheet theory. In the mixed-flux case the mirror model has a complex Hamiltonian, which raises questions on its well-definedness. In the paper we study the worldsheet tree-level S matrix of the original and mirror model and discuss some necessary conditions for the integrability and reality of the spectrum.