bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATING EPIDEMIC POPULATIONS OF THE LESSER MAPLE SPANWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Volney W. J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe distribution of lesser maple spanworm, Itame pustularia (Gn.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) larvae in red maple, Acer rubrum L., crowns and of pupae under these trees, and the relationship between the number of shoots on these trees and several easily-measured tree dimensions are used to design sampling techniques for estimating the mean number of larvae per shoot and the mean number of pupae per unit area in epidemic populations. An estimate of the total number of larvae per unit area is obtained from the product of larval density and the number of shoots per unit area. Some indication of how this latter estimate might be obtained is discussed. Because of the strong relationship between stem diameter and the number of shoots on a tree, a double sample procedure can be designed based on shoot counts from a relatively small number of trees. Auxiliary measurements on a large number of trees can improve the precision of the estimate.
A NEW SPECIES OF MEGASTIGMUS FROM MEXICO (CHALCIDOIDEA: TORYMIDAE, MEGASTIGMINAE)
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMegastigmus grandiosus n. sp., reared from pine cones from Mexico, is described and illustrated.The genus Megastigmus Dahlbom contains many species occurring throughout the world. They are generally phytophagous on seeds of pine cones and entomophagous on insects associated with plant galls.A new species, Megastigmus grandiosus, was reared from the cones of Pinus montezumae Lamb., P. rudis Endl., P. ayacahuite Ehremb., and P. hartwegii Lindl. (Pinaceae: Gymnospermae). The specimens were taken at Calpulalpam, Tlaxcala, Mexico, and sent to me by Dr A. Hedlin, Pacific Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Victoria, B.C. I am describing this new species here so that it may be included in the publication by the North American Forestry Commission, FAO, on conè and seed insects of North America.
DECOMPOSITION OF RABBIT FECES: ROLE OF THE SCIARID FLYLYCORIELLA MALI(DIPTERA: SCIARIDAE) IN ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Helsel Ethel D. , Wicklow D. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGross decomposition (wt./cal) losses of rabbit feces colonized by larvae of the sciarid flyLycoriella maliFitch as contrasted with feces incubated without fly larvae were studied in the laboratory. Under conditions of high larval density and intense grazing pressure, fecal weight and calorie losses (30 days) were double those from fecal samples incubated without flies. Decomposition losses among the samples in a given treatment showed limited variation although the number of emergent adults varied greatly. Although published caloric values obtained for microflora and flies are significantly higher than those recorded for the rabbit feces used in this study (4837 cal/g), feces colonized by flies and feces incubated without flies had caloric values equivalent to that of the unincubated control. Larvae consumed both the mycelium and sporocarps of coprophilous fungi.
TESTS OF MOTOR STIMULANTS FOR EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Volney W. Jan A. , McDougall George A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe insecticide phosphamidon, both alone and mixed with other chemicals, was tested in the laboratory as a motor stimulant to female spruce budworm moths. For phosphamidon alone, the time to reaction of virgin female budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) moths was about 40 min. However, small supplements of pyrethrum or synthetic pyrethroids reduced the reaction time to about 3–8 min. The slow reaction to phosphamidon alone could account for the failure of that insecticide to kill gravid females. It is postulated that moths quickly stimulated to flight activity within the canopy would be more likely to acquire a lethal dose of insecticide before the spray cloud dissipated.
WORKER-MALE CONFLICT AND INBREEDING IN BUMBLE BEES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Plowright R.C. , Pallett M.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWorker-male conflict in different bumble bee species is strongly associated with tendency, toward inbreeding. It is hypothesized that the major cost imposed by inbreeding arises from the production of diploid males in place of workers, during the early phases of colony development. The consequent dilution of the labour force slows down colony growth and leads to ultimate reduction in reproductive success. An experiment to test this hypothesis is described, using consanguineously mated queens of B. atratus Fkln. Colonies yielding a 1:1 mixture of males and workers grew significantly more slowly than normal all-worker producing colonies, providing support for the hypothesis.
LIFE HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT, AND INSECT–HOST RELATIONSHIPS OF XYLEBORUS CELSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN MISSOURI
Authors: Gagne J. A. , Kearby W. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe biological and ecological relationships of the hickory timber beetle, Xyleborus celsus Eichoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), and black hickory, Carya texana (Buckley), were studied for 2 years in south-central Missouri. X. celsus was bivoltine and overwintered as an adult. Development from egg to adult required ca. 35 days. There were three larval instars. Brood adults either extended the galleries in which they completed immature development or emerged to seek new hosts. Most attacks occurred within 1.5 m above ground level The most heavily attacked height interval in the basal 1 m of 10–17 cm D.B.H. trees varied. This variability is correlated to the temporal relation of girdling of the tree and beetle attack. Aspect of beetle attack varied at random. Conditions for X. celsus development were not uniform in the basal 1 m of infested trees.
A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR MALES OF THE EARLY CUTWORM, EUXOA TRISTICULA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Steck W. F. , Struble D. L. , Lilly C. E. , Chisholm M. D. , Underhill E. W. , Swailes G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult Euxoa tristicula (Morrison) males were specifically attracted to traps baited with Z-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac) + n-dodecyl acetate (12:Ac). Best attractancy was obtained with 1:3 ratios of these components. Z-5- and Z-7-dodecenyl acetates and Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate inhibited lure attractancy. In electroantennogram measurements strong antennal responses were obtained only with 12:Ac, Z9-12:AC, and E9-12:Ac.
ADDITIONAL ISOZYME CHARACTERS THAT DIFFERENTIATE TWO CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES OFHYBOMITRA(DIPTERA: TABANIDAE)
Authors: Hudson Anne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe isozyme phenotypes of five enzymes have been found to provide additional characters that distinguish two forms ofHybomitra typhusuntil recently considered as conspecific. Hexokinase and malate dehydrogenase phenotypes were completely diagnostic for the new speciesH.pechumaniand forH.typhus. Alcohol dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, and phosphoglucomutase differentiated the two species in terms of their phenotype frequencies but were not completely diagnostic. The genotypic frequencies of triosephosphate isomerase were found to be diagnostic with a probability of 99.8%.
A 6-YEAR STUDY OF SPIDERS (ARANEAE) IN A QUEBEC APPLE ORCHARD
Authors: Dondale Charles D. , Parent Benoit , Pitre Donat 
Published: December 2009

AbstractForty-one species of spiders were found in a Quebec apple orchard. The most abundant species were Theridion murarium, Araniella displicata, and Philodromus rufus. Spiders in general were rather low in population density throughout the study, and they declined by two-thirds in the final year, owing probably to several factors including the use of broad spectrum insecticides for the control of particular orchard pests.
PREMIÈRE MENTION D’AEDES TRIVITTATUSET DECULISETA INORNATA(DIPTERA : CULICIDAE) AU QUÉBEC
Authors: Loiselle R. , Harrison R. J. , Leprince D. J. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméDouze individus femelles d’Aedes trivittatusont été capturés, du 5 juillet au 8 septembre 1976, à Knowlton et à St-Pie, Québec. Une autre femelle de cette espèce et un individu mâle deCuliseta inornataont été pris le 28 septembre 1977, à Henry ville. Ces deux espèces s’incrivent comme premières mentions au Québec.
THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE, CHRYSOMELA SCRIPTA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON TISSUE CULTURED HYBRID AIGEIROS (POPULUS × EURAMERICANA) SUBCLONES IN WISCONSIN
Authors: Burkot T.R. , Benjamin D.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults and larvae of the cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta Fab., defoliated tissue cultured Aigeiros (Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier) subclones and destroyed apical tips. Fecundity was 510 ± 153 eggs . Four generations occurred between May and September in southern Wisconsin. Maximal insect numbers and damage occurred in the third generation. The minimal developmental threshold was 10.8 °C with a mean 257 ± 26 day-degree (°C) required per generation. Important biological control agents included Coleomegilla maculata, which consumed up to 25% of the eggs, and Shizonatus latus, a pteromalid parasite, which destroyed up to 26% of the pupae.
HARMINIUSFAIRMAIRE, A EUCNEMID OR AN ELATERID? (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Becker Edward C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHarminius castaneusFairmaire was described as a Eucnemidae, but all subsequent authors placed it among the Elateridae, usually as a valid genus and species nearAthous. Neither the original description nor the illustration bear any resemblance to the species currently calledcastaneus. No original material could be found, therefore it is questionable as to what species Fairmaire described. To conserve nomenclatorial stability, application is being made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to set aside any previous type-species designation and to designatespinigerCandèze as the type-species ofHarminiusandPseudocorymbites. Consequently,castaneusis considered as a speciesincertae dubia. An attempt is made to straighten out the usage of the namescastaneusauct.,spinigerCandèze, andflorentinusDesbrochers. Previouslycastaneusauct has referred either tospinigerorflorentinus(mostly tospiniger), whereas both are now recognized as valid species in the subgenusHarminius;gigasReitter also belongs in the same subgenus.PseudocorymbitesFiori is isogenotypic withHarminiusand the subgeneraDiacanthousReitter andMegathousReitter remain valid underHarminius, as in most catalogues.
REVIEW OF THE WESTERN NEARCTIC SPECIES OF ATHOUS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE), WITH A KEY TO THE SPECIES NORTH OF PANAMA
Authors: Becker Edward C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe western Canadian species of Athous are described and illustrated in detail. Notes are given for the other western nearctic species including the description of a new subspecies, A. rufiventris brighti, from Arizona. A key to the species and subspecies north of Panama is presented.A lectotype is designated for Athous varius Lane. Several new synonymies are proposed: Athous excavatus carmeli Van Dyke is a synonym of excavatus (Motschulsky) and excavatus angelicus Van Dyke is a synonym of axillaris Horn; orophilus Harold (= montanus LeConte) and nugalis Fall are synonyms of nigropilis Motschulsky.Two names have been overlooked by North American cataloguers: Athous fallianus Reitter, an unnecessary replacement name for Athous aterrimus Fall and which now becomes a new synonym of aterrimus; and Athous debilitatus Candèze, a necessary replacement name for Athous debilis LeConte and which is now recognized as a valid species, Conoderus debilitatus (see section on species previously described in Athous).
APPLE MAGGOT (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) MONITORING IN AN APPLE PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Authors: Reissig W. H. , Tette J. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTraps were used to monitor the emergence and seasonal activity of apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), in unsprayed habitats, and in selected commercial blocks and farms in the New York apple pest management program to determine the need and timing of control sprays. An average of 69, 43, and 43% fewer sprays and 71, 47, and 57% less insecticides were applied for apple maggot control, respectively, in single blocks monitored in 1976, 1977, and farms monitored in 1977, than in representative orchards in the same areas using regular commercial control schedules.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF MESOPOLOBUS WESTWOOD (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) FROM WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Doganlar Miktat 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMesopolobus finlaysoni sp. n. and M. longicaudae sp. n. (Peteromalinae) are described from the Vancouver district, British Columbia. Relationships with allied species and some biological data are given.
THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OFCINYGMA(EPHEMEROPTERA: HEPTAGENIIDAE)
Authors: Lehmkuhl D.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA key to species for adults and figures of the three North AmericanCinygmaare presented. New distribution records are given; the range ofC.lyriformisMcDunnough is extended to Alaska and the genus in the Palearctic is discussed. Nymphs are undescribed except forC.integrum(Eaton). The life history of the latter is given for Oregon. Nymphs of all size classes are present throughout the year but adult emergence is restricted to mid May to mid July. Nymphs apparently are restricted to a submerged wood habitat.
AGGREGATION PHEROMONE IN THE RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE, CRYPTOLESTES FERRUGINEUS (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE)
Authors: Borden J.H. , Dolinski M.G. , Chong L. , Verigin V. , Pierce H.D. , Oehlschlager A.C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn open arena, airflow olfactometer was developed and used to test the response of adult Cyrptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) to various volatile stimuli. Beetles of mixed age and sex oriented positively upwind to the odor of beetles, frass, pentane extracts of frass, and pentane extracts of Porapak Q-captured volatiles from beetles or frass. Both sexes responded to the odor of beetle populations of mixed sex as well as to the odor of males, indicating that males produce a true population aggregation pheromone Only females responded to the odor of females. C. ferrugineus may utilize the aggregation pheromone in conjunction with fungal odors to locate suitable habitats.
THE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF PHYTOSEIULUS PERSIMILIS (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE) TO VARIOUS DENSITIES OF TETRANYCHUS URTICAE (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE)
Authors: Everson P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe functional response of the predacious mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot to increases in the prey density of adult female Tetranychus urticae Koch was examined. Previous studies on artificial substrates have described the functional response curve of P. persimilis to adult female prey as dome-shaped, because as prey density increased the predator was disturbed by prey activity.An experiment to determine the effect of artificial and natural substrates on the activity level of T. urticae was conducted. T. urticae showed a significant increase in activity on artificial substrates of plastic and waterproof paper compared with a substrate of excised bean leaf (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Since prey activity was significantly influenced by substrate, the functional response of P. persimilis to adult female T. urticae was re-examined. P. persimilis exposed to various densities of T. urticae on excised bean leaf disks (5 cm2) showed a functional response curve having a curvilinear rise to a plateau as prey densities increased from 0.2 to 10.0 prey/cm2.The functional response curve predicted by Holling’s disk equation did not differ significantly from the observed functional response curve.The rate of successful search and the handling time predicted by the disk equation were 0.194 and 10.34 h respectively.
TISSUE DEVELOPMENT IN RHODNIUS PROLIXUS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE): DRY-WEIGHT CHANGES IN FED AND UNFED POST-ECDYSIAL MALES
Authors: Gringorten J.L. , Friend W.G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDry-weight changes in the midgut, abdominal fat body, flight muscles, pterothoracic cuticle, and reproductive tract were measured in unfed male Rhodnius prolixus Stål following eclosion and in males fed a single blood meal on day 5 post-ecdysis. Males, which had fed to repletion as fifth instar nymphs, emerged from the nymphal–adult moult with approximately the same quantity of blood solids in the midgut as observed in fully engorged males. Carry-over of the blood-meal from the fifth instar was sufficient to allow the fat body, flight muscles, and pterothoracic cuticle in unfed males to attain over 85% of the weight accretion observed in fed males. The reproductive tract dry weight in unfed adults increased only 60–65% of that in fed adults. Flight-muscle and reproductive-tract development in fed insects reached growth plateaux in 2 and 3 weeks after the final nymphal moult, while cuticle development continued for up to 10 days. It is concluded that R. prolixus males which emerge from fully engorged fifth instars do not require a blood meal in the adult stage to trigger growth processes and tissue development, but if the adult takes at least one blood meal, significant increases in the reproductive-tract dry weight and slight increases in the dry weights of other tissues will occur.
LABOPIDEA UHLER IN NORTH AMERICA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW GENUS (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLabopidea chloriza Uhler (1877) is synonymized with Tinicephalus simplex Uhler (1872). Labopidea brooksi n. sp. is described from Alberta and Saskatchewan. Orthotylus discolor Sahlberg, a European species now known to occur in North America, is transferred to Labopidea. Nine species currently placed in Labopidea are here removed from that genus. The new combinations are as follows: Labopidea atriseta Van Duzee is transferred to Hesperocapsus Knight, Orthotylus insignis Van Duzee is transferred to Ilnacorella Knight, Labopidea viridula Knight is transferred to Melanotrichus Reuter, and Labopidea utahensis Knight is synonymized with Diaphnidia heidemanni Knight (= Brachynotocoris heidemanni). Labopidicola n. gen. is described and Labopidea idahoensis Knight, L. planifrons Knight, L. ainsliei Knight, L. allii Knight, and L. geminata Johnston are transferred to it. Key to species of Labopidea is given.
NUTRIENT CONSTITUENTS OF A GRAIN APHID,METOPOLOPHIUM DIRHODUM(HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), AND ITS HOST, OATS
Authors: Kaldy M. S. , Harper A. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMetopolophium dirhodum(Walker), a grain aphid, contained 25.58% dry matter, of which 31.65% was fat, 2.58% sugar, and 39.44% protein. Foliage of the host forM.dirhodum, oats (Avena sativaL.), contained one-third the amount of dry matter, less than one-third as much fat, slightly less sugar, and about three-fifths the amount of protein asM.dirhodum. Phosphorus content was the same inM.dirhodumand its host, whereas oat foliage contained five times as much potassium, and twice as much calcium and magnesium asM.dirhodum. The limiting amino acid in both grain aphid and oat foliage was methionine. Protein scores, which are estimates of protein quality, were slightly lower for oat foliage than forM.dirhodumbut both are valuable sources of food for predatory insects and other animals.
THE VARIICORNIS-GROUP OF GRYON HALIDAY (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe variicornis-group of Gryon is proposed for 15 Neotropical species of which 12 are new to science: atrocoxalis (Ashmead) / Grenada & Trinidad, W.I., Brazil, Colombia/; cultratus n. sp. /Brazil/; david n. sp. /Panama/; goliath n. sp. /Panama/; helavai n. sp. /Panama/; hercules n. sp. /Brazil/; masoni n. sp. /Trinidad, W.I./; neotropicus n. sp. /Colombia, Ecuador/; peckorum n. sp. /Ecuador/; rothi n. sp. /USA/; scutellatus n. sp. /Brazil/; sinop n. sp. /Brazil/; titan n. sp. /Brazil/; tridentatus n. sp. /Ecuador/; and variicornis (Fouts) /Guyana, Panama, Nicaragua, Brazil, Colombia/. The systematic position of the group within Gryon is discussed.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF MALE SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) IN APPLES, PEARS, AND PEACHES
Authors: Rice R. E. , Hoyt S. C. , Westigard P. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemical treatments to kill male San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), were applied to apples, pears, and peaches in Washington, Oregon, and California respectively. Dilute sprays of diazinon applied just prior to or at first emergence of overwintered males and 7 or 14 days thereafter were compared with normal sprays directed against scale crawlers. In all instances, treatments for male scale gave control equal to that provided by a single spray timed to control first generation crawlers.Although the male sprays were effective, they do not fit well into current pest management programs. Complications with the male sprays included timing that coincided with petal fall on earlier varieties or full bloom on later varieties with potential for kill of pollinators; possible disruption of adult predators stressed by overwintering, and russeting of Golden Delicious apples from immediate post-bloom sprays. In all three crops, post-bloom male sprays would also be an added seasonal treatment. Current practices utilize pre-bloom sprays, or combine scale crawler control with sprays for codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), peach twig borer, Anarsia lineateila Zeller, and/or mites in June.
EFFECT OF A NEW MOULT INHIBITOR (EL-494) ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Retnakaran Arthur 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn laboratory tests on the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), EL-494®, a new moult-inhibiting insect growth regulator, was found to be more active than Dimilin. The EC50 determined by diet tests was 0.205 ppm for the 3rd, 0.249 for the 4th, 0.287 for the 5th, and 0.486 for the 6th instars. Stadial sensitivity was not detected.In greenhouse tests this compound was found to be resistant to leaching and UV-degradation; the compound remained active on spruce foliage for at least 15 days. In preliminary field tests EL-494 showed good potential as a control agent.
A VEHICLE-MOUNTED INSECT TRAP
Authors: Barnard D. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA vehicle-mounted trap for collecting airborne insects is described. Air enters at 1.9 m wide × 0.7 m high funnel and escapes through 12.5 mesh/cm nylon netting; insects are concentrated and directed into a removable receiving bag. The trap is durable, inexpensive, simple to construct and install, and can be transported in a station wagon or pickup truck.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF HEPTAGENIIDAE (EPHEMEROPTERA) FROM WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Lehmkuhl D.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new genus and species of Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) is based on a series of nymphs and reared female adults from the Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan. Descriptions of female and nymphal Macdunnoa nipawinia n. gen., n. sp., of the subfamily Heptageniinae, are given along with notes on the biology. The genus has no close North American relatives, but is allied to heptageniid genera from southeast Asia.