bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LIGHT DEPENDENCE OF GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: J. Geider R. , Osborne B. A. , Raven J. A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin was maintained in exponential growth over a range of photon flux densities (PFD) from 7 to 230 μmol·m−2s−1. The chlorophyll a‐specific light absorption coefficient, maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis, and C:N atom ratio were all independent of the PFD to which cells were acclimated. Carbon‐ and cell‐specific, light‐satuated, gross photosynthesis rates and dark respiration rates were largely independent of acclimation PFD. Decreases in the chlorophyll a‐specific, gross photosynthesis rate and the carbon: chlorophyll ratio and increases of cell‐ or carbon‐specific absorption coefficients were associated with an increase in cell chlorophyll a in cultures acclimated to low PFDs. The compensation PFD for growth was calculated to be 0.5 μmol·m−2s−1. The maintenance metabolic rate (2 × 10−7s−1), calculated on the basis of the compensation PFD, is an order of magnitude lower than the measured dark respiration rate(2.7 × 10−6mol O2·mol C−1s−1). Maintenance of high carbon‐specific, light‐saturated photosynthesis rates in cells acclimated to low PFDs may allow effective use of short exposures to high PFDs in a temporally variable light environment.
A RAPID SIMPLE TECHNIQUE UTILIZING CALCOFLUOR WHITE M2R FOR THE VISUALIZATION OF DINOFLAGELLATE THECAL PLATES1
Authors: Fritz Lawrence , Triemer Richard E. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe fluorescent stain Calcofluor White M2R readily binds to cellulose and other β‐linked glucans (Hughs and McCully 1975). We have found the stain to readily bind to the thecal plates of armored dinoflagellates. Considerable detail is revealed about plate structure in both living and preserved specimens at the light microscopic level. This simple rapid technique should prove useful for the tabulation and study of dinoflagellate thecae.
DIEL SYNCHRONIZATION OF SPERM FORMATION IN THE DIATOM CHAETOCEROS CURVISETUM CLEVE1
Authors: Furnas Miles J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTDuring diel observations of spermatogenesis in Chaetoceros curvisetum Cleve, recognizable 4‐ and 8‐celled developmental stages were observed primarily during the daily dark period. The timing of the appearance of recognizable stages, 12–16 h after light period onset, was independent of the photoperiods used (8:16, 12:12, 16:8 h LD).
31P NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF INTRACELLULAR PHOSPHATE POOLS AND POLYPHOSPHATE METABOLISM IN HETEROSIGMA AKASHIWO (HADA) HADA (RAPHIDOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Watanabe Masataka , Kohata Kunio , Kunugi Masayuki 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe effects of starvation and subsequent addition of phosphate‐containing medium on the phosphate metabolic intermediates were studied by 31P‐NMR spectroscope of perchloric acid extracts and intact cells of Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) Hada. When orthophosphate in the medium was completely depleted the medium was enriched with orthophosphate (4.5 μM). In the phosphate starved condition, the P cell quota was 76 fmol·cell−1 and the major components of phosphate intermediates were phosphodiester, sugar phosphate and orthophosphate (Pi). After addition of Pi, rapid uptake of Pi was observed and the P cell quota increased to 108 fmol·cell−1 in 2 h, 134 fmol·cell−1 in 5 h and 222 fmol·cell−1 in 1 day after addition of phosphate. The 31P‐NMR spectrum indicated that a major portion of P was stored as polyphosphate, in which the average chain length of polyphosphate increased from 10 to 20 phosphate residues in one day after addition of Pi.
OBSERVATIONS OF A TUBE‐DWELLING DIATOM: NAVICULA HAMULIFERA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Navarro J. Nelson 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTColonies of the tube‐dwelling diatom Navicula hamulifera Grunow living on mangrove prop roots in Indian River. Florida and at La Parguera, Puerto Rico, were studied using light and electron microscopy. Observations of the tube morphology and cell structure of this diatom from fresh samples and cultures are described, as well as the ultrastructural morphology of its frustule.The formation of tubes by this diatom is reported for the first time. Comparisons are made with the closest species; Navicula delognei V.H. and Navicula pseudocomoides Hendey.
PATTERNS OF RELATIVE GROWTH IN NEREOCYSTIS LUETKEANA (PHAEOPHYTA)1
Authors: Kain Joanna M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPlants of Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. et Rupr. of different sizes were held on a raft at the surface of the sea off the Friday Harbor Laboratories, San Juan Island, Washington for 5 day periods for observation of detailed relative growth of different parts. Each stipe was marked at intervals with injected Indian ink and each blade was punched with a series of holes. Measurements of diameter, length, width and thickness were made before and after the 5 day periods.Blades showed a very similar pattern of relative growth rate (R) over an 18‐fold range of sizes. The maximum local R in length was about 0.2 day−1 and occurred at 6.5% of the distance from the bulb to the tip, declining to 0.01 at half way. Half the linear growth occurred in the proximal one tenth of the blade and 95% within the proximal half. The relative growth rate of the whole blade declined only slightly with increased size and lay between 0.0.3 and 0.06 day−1 (approx. 3–6% day−1). The linear growth rate therefore increased with blade size, the maximum observed being 14 cm day−1. The maximum relative growth rate in blade width was slower, and sited more distally than that in length. Unless fertile tissue was involved all blade tissue, except that closely adjoining the bulb, became thinner during growth. R in volume reached 0.3 day−1.Presumably because the plants were held near the sea surface stipes grew slowly, with a maximum linear rate of 9 mm day−1. The maximum R in length decreased with stipe length. Bulb R in volume also decreased as size increased, from a maximum of 0.3 day−1.
THE ROLE OF DIATOMS IN STROMATOLITE GROWTH: TWO EXAMPLES FORM MODERN FRESHWATER SETTINGS1
Authors: Winsoborough Barbara M. , Golubić Stjepko 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSome modern laminated find calcified stromatolitic structures are partially or completely formed by eukaryotes. Diatom populations in freshwater environments with elevated ionic concentrations contribute to calcite precipitation, and the formation of distinctive mineral‐rich stromatolitic laminae. Two types of stromatolite‐forming diatom populations were observed. In the first example, in stromatolites growing on a quarry ledge near Laegerdorf, North Germany, calcite crystals with biogenic imprints form around polysaccharide stalks of the diatom Gomphonema olivaceum var. calcarea (Cleve) Cleve‐Euler. These individually precipitated crystals eventually become cemented together in layers, forming rigid, laminated stromatolitic deposits which drape over the quarry ledge. In the second example, in stromatolites forming in a shallow stream near Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, Mexico, diatomaceous laminae also form by the accumulation of carbonate particles in a matrix of diatoms and their extracellular polysaccharide products. These laminae become thick enough to drape over individual stromatolite heads. The diatoms responsible for these deposits are Amphora aff. A. katii Selva, Nitzschia denticula Grun., and six other species. At Cuatro Ciénegas, in addition to the diatomaceous laminae, carbonate‐rich cyanobacterial layers, dominated by two cyanobacterial species with different fabrics and porosities, are also present and contribute substantially to the growth of the stromatolites. In both the Laegerdorf and Cuatro Ciénegas examples, entire stromatolites or thick laminations on stromatolites are built by a small number of diatom species which produce copious amounts of extracellular stalk, gel, and sheath material, a propertuy they share with cyanobacterial stromatolite builders.
SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY OF LYNGBYA SPP. AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES (CYANOPHYTA) IN A NEW ENGLAND SALT MARSH1,2
Authors: Baker Kathleen Kromer 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTField populations of the most abundant filamentous blue‐green algae (cyanobacteria) from a northern New England salt marsh were examined for the presence of natural morphological clusters. A continuum in the distribution of average cell sizes and shapes for individual trichomes was evident. However, there was a high frequency of certain cell sizes (six clusters), which were also separated by several qualitative characters (end cell shape, granule location, and cell color). In clonal cultures the trichomes of these clusters maintained the morphology of the original isolated trichome and thus morphology appeared to he stable. The clusters were either named according to Geitler's (1932) terminology or assigned numbers if no adequate descriptions were available: (1) Lyngbya and Phormidium spp., (2) Microcoleus chthonoplastes Thur. (3) Lyngbya sp. 1, (4) Lyngbya sp. 2, (5) Lyngbya aestuarii (Mert.) Liebmann. and, (6) Lyngbya sp. 3. All groups had maximum abundance in late summer. Microcoleus chthonoplastes occurred throughout the year, while Lyngbya aestuarii and Lyngbya sp. 3 occurred throughout the summer and fall. It is concluded that both field and culture information are useful in enhancing our knowledge of blue‐green algal systematics.
Food habits of giraffe in Tsavo National Park, Kenya
Authors: LEUTHOLD BARBARA M. , LEUTHOLD WALTER 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn the context of a broader ecological investigation, food habits of giraffe were studied in Tsavo National Park (East). The only method employed was direct observation of feeding animals in the field. Each instance in which one animal fed on one individual plant was counted as one food record for this plant species; 4025 records are analysed.A total of sixty‐six plant species was found to be eaten, the great majority being trees and shrubs, with a few creepers and vines. There were marked seasonal differences in the diet of giraffe, deciduous trees, shrubs and vines being dominant in the green season, evergreen plants (partly in riverine forest) in the dry season. All the trees and larger shrubs common in the study area were eaten by giraffe, while few records for very small shrubs and none for herbs and grasses were obtained. An analysis of the available vegetation was made in part of the dry‐season habitat, and for twenty species the frequency in the habitat was compared with the frequency in the giraffe's diet, revealing selection for or against certain species. Giraffe utilized the upper vegetation layers, where available, but overall c. 50% of all browsing was below 2 m above ground, i.e. within reach of smaller browsers.Results of this study are compared with what is known on food habits of giraffe in other areas.Possible competition of giraffe with other browsers and the relationship between giraffe and their habitat are discussed. Continued survival of giraffe, and other browsers, in Tsavo National Park depends primarily on (1) adequate control of fire, and (2) the impact of future vegetation changes on the amount and variety of available browse plants.
Eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and architectural destruction are features of desquamative interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Kawabata Y , Takemura T , Hebisawa A , Ogura T , Yamaguchi T , Kuriyama T , Nagai S , Sakatani M , Chida K , Sakai F , Park J , Colby T V 
Published: August 2010

Aims:  Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) is a rare pattern of diffuse parenchymal lung disease known to overlap with respiratory bronchiolitis‐interstitial lung disease (RB‐ILD). The aim was to review biopsy‐proven cases of DIP to investigate further the clinical, imaging and histological features of this disease.Methods and results:  Twenty patients fulfilled the pathological criteria: 19 men and one woman with a mean age of 54 years. Clinical features, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) data, radiological findings, pathological findings other than criteria, effect of therapy and outcome were examined. The BAL data for 17 cases revealed marked eosinophilia (mean 18%) and moderate neutrophilia (mean 11%). Computed tomography in 17 patients showed peripheral involvement in all cases with a clear margin in 64% and thin‐walled cysts in 35% of cases. Additional pathological features were a distinct lobular distribution (70%) and architectural destruction (70%) with cyst formation (55%). Eighteen of the 19 patients (95%) improved under steroid pulse and/or oral therapy. Sixteen subjects (80%) are alive, three died of other diseases and one died of DIP 74 months after the diagnosis. Percent vital capacity increased significantly and new thin‐walled cysts appeared in one case.Conclusions:  BAL eosinophilia, lobular distribution and architectural destruction with cyst formation are characteristic features of DIP.
Information requisition is the core of guideline‐based medical care: which information is needed for whom?
Authors: Gschwandtner Theresia , Kaiser Katharina , Miksch Silvia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  It is mandatory for the design of an efficient software product to know the different groups of users of a software tool, the tasks the users want to perform with it, and the information that is required for it. Our goal is to establish a comprehensive information source for the development of a consistent software environment supporting all tasks emerging from the creation to the execution of a computerized clinical practice guideline (CPG) for different user groups.Methods  We conducted a comprehensive literature review to investigate the different user groups of a computerized CPG as well as their specific information needs.Results  We provide a complete catalogue of every single aspect that may be related to information needs of any party concerned. In particular, we give detailed information on the tasks of guideline modellers on the one hand, and clinical information needs (i.e. information needs of physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners and patients) on the other hand.Conclusion  By providing categorized information from several studies and publications, we establish an exhaustive information basis for the design of a useful software tool facilitating the formalization and the execution of a CPG.
Surgical blood order equation in femoral fracture surgery
Authors: Kajja I. , Bimenya G. S. , Eindhoven G. B. , Jan ten Duis H. , Sibinga C. T. S. 
Published: August 2010

Aim: This study aimed at establishing the clinical utility of the surgical blood order equation (SBOE) in patients undergoing femoral fracture surgery. Background: A blood ordering schedule defines the perioperative blood use in elective surgery. It lists the number of units of blood required for each procedure preoperatively. Materials and methods: A case–control study was performed among homogeneous groups of patients (n = 62 each) undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of femoral fractures. Correct prediction of blood use in the group of patients using the SBOE was compared to the group whose blood orders were made without any guideline. Results: The surgical blood ordering equation was exactly correct in ordering blood for 46 (74·2%) of 62 patients (cases). The current unaided blood ordering method was exactly correct in ordering blood for 27 (43·5%) of 62 patients (controls). Use of the SBOE resulted in a significantly lower crossmatch‐to‐transfusion ratio compared to that of the current ordering system (1·5 vs 2·3) and saved the hospital transfusion laboratory 465 US$ of crossmatch and inventory management costs in this cohort of patients. Conclusion: The SBOE is a more accurate and cost‐saving tool in predicting blood use. It should replace the current unaided method of ordering for perioperative blood in femoral fracture surgery at Mulago Hospital. However, its introduction to other hospitals should be preceded by more rigorous research to strengthen its external validity.
Expression and Immunohistochemical Localization of Aquaporin‐1 in Male Reproductive Organs of the Mouse
Authors: Lu D. Y. , Li Y. , Bi Z. W. , Yu H. M. , Li X. J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAquaporin‐1 (AQP‐1), a six‐transmembrane domain protein, is found to be responsible for water transport. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of AQP‐1 mRNA and protein in the testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ventral prostate, and seminal vesicle from mature mice by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blotting, and the cellular localization of AQP‐1 by immunohistochemistry. RT‐PCR revealed that AQP‐1 mRNA was expressed in all organs we examined. Western blotting displayed a 29‐kDa band and a 35‐ to 45‐kDa band corresponding to non‐glycosylated and/or glycosylated AQP‐1 in those organs. The immunohistochemical evidence showed that AQP‐1 was mainly located on the plasma membrane of epithelial cells of the rete testis, vas deferens, ventral prostate, seminal vesicle and the non‐ciliated cells of the proximal and distal efferent ducts. However, AQP‐1 was absent from spermatogenic cells lining the seminiferous epithelium and from the spermatozoa in the lumen of the distal efferent duct. These findings provide valuable information on the expression of AQP‐1 in male reproductive organs and suggest that AQP‐1 is involved in water transport to regulate water homeostasis in male reproductive physiology.
Effects of selective water withdrawal schemes on thermal stratification in Kouris Dam in Cyprus
Authors: Ma Shengwei , Kassinos Stavros C. , Fatta Kassinos Despo , Akylas Evaggelos 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThermal stratification and its seasonal variations in Kouris Dam in Cyprus were simulated, and the impact of five different water withdrawal schemes was studied, using the 2‐D, laterally averaged CE‐QUAL‐W2 reservoir model. Based on the model simulations, it was found that the thermal stratification of the reservoir is significant for most of the year. Most importantly, a complete mixing of the water column, triggered by seasonal variations in meteorological conditions, occurs in late‐January. Predicted thermal stratification and water temperature profiles in the reservoir are noticeably affected by water withdrawal schemes. It was found that deep‐water withdrawals tend to facilitate heat transfer in the water column and deepen the water mixing layer (epilimnion), especially from September to the following January. These study results suggest that it is prudent for Kouris Dam to integrate selective water withdrawal schemes into reservoir management by using the water withdrawal effects on thermal stratification for different water quality management strategies.
Anthropogenic and seasonal influences on the dynamics of selected heavy metals in Lake Naivasha, Kenya
Authors: Kamau Joseph Nyingi , Gachanja Anthony , Ngila Catherine , Kazungu Johnson Michael , Zhai Mingzhe 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLake Naivasha is a freshwater lake in the Eastern Rift Valley of Kenya (0°45′S and 36°20′E). It has no surface outlet and is perceived to be under anthropogenic stress. Being situated at the basin of the rift valley, the lake acts as a sink for wastes from the town of Naivasha and the surrounding horticultural industry.Flux experiments were conducted to investigate the dynamics of heavy metals between the sediment–water interface in Lake Naivasha. In situ benthic flux experiments were conducted at two sites, one near the municipal wastewater inflow to the lake (site SS), and one at the papyrus field near the horticultural farms (site SH). Sediment samples from the exposed riparian land were collected during the dry season after the lake has receded, and the fluxes of selected metals were determined in the laboratory under simulated conditions. Aluminium in situ benthic flux at site SS averaged 7 mmol m−2 h−1, and was correlated positively with pH (Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = 0.89). While the in situ benthic flux of aluminium at site SH averaged 1 mmol m−2 h−1. In situ benthic fluxes of copper and manganese were predominantly positive at site SS, but not at site SH. The papyrus field at site SH played an important role in buffering of the lake in regard to the selected metals investigated in this study. Redox‐sensitive metals were precipitated in the benthic flux experiment for this site.
Management of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (L.)) fishery in the Kenyan portion of Lake Victoria, in light of changes in its life history and ecology
Authors: Njiru M. , Getabu A. , Jembe T. , Ngugi C. , Owili M. , Van Der Knaap M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study reports on the population parameters, catch distribution and feeding ecology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from bottom trawls and commercial catches obtained in the Kenyan portion of Lake Victoria during 1997–2006. The population parameters were analysed using the FAO‐ICLARM stock assessment tool (FISAT). The fish biomass and the food ingested by the fish were estimated using the swept area and point methods, respectively. Immature fish comprised ≈70% of the total fish population. The asymptotic length, maximum weight, maximum age, exploitation rate (E) and length at 50% maturity of Nile tilapia have decreased, whereas the growth curvature and fishing mortality have increased. The commercial catches increased from 13.93 t in 1997, to 23.70 t in 1999, decreasing thereafter to 18.73 t in 2005. The bottom trawl catches increased from 46.90 kg ha−1 in 1997, to 401.48 kg ha−1 in 2000, decreasing thereafter to 15.57 kg ha−1 in 2006. The major food items ingested by the fish were algae, insects and other fish. Population parameters, and the catch and diet of O. niloticus, have changed over the years in Lake Victoria. The population characteristics suggest a population under stress, attributable to intense catch exploitation. Even under intense exploitation (E = 0.68), however, the mature fish constituted ≈30% of the population. The commercial catches are still high, indicating a very resilient fishery. Nevertheless, despite this resilience, the future of Oreochromis fishery is threatened by increased fishing capacity in the lake, and there is need to re‐evaluate the effectiveness of current fishery management measures, with the goal of possibly adopting new measures. Enactment of new fishery policies also should provide for co‐management to enhance the management process. Furthermore, there is a need to reduce fishing capacity and illegal fishing methods, and to seek alternative livelihoods for lake fishers and other stakeholders.
One‐step vs two‐step procedure in dynamic graciloplasty
Authors: Rongen M. J. G. M. , Adang E. M. M. , Van Der Hoop A. Gerritsen , Baeten C. G. M. I. 
Published: August 2010

ObjectiveDynamic graciloplasty, a proven treatment for end‐stage faecal incontinence, requires transposition of the gracilis muscle around the anal canal and implantation of a pulse generator and intramuscular electrodes. In view of the risk of infection around the implanted material the implantation was initially not performed in combination with the perineal procedure but 6 weeks later. Sparing the patients an extra operation, however, might be justified if morbidity is not increased. This study aimed to compare the combined single‐stage with the two‐stage procedures.Patients and methodsTwo groups of 13 patients were admitted to this prospective, matched control study according to waiting list ranking. They were matched for age, gender and aetiology. Group I had transposition and transplantation combined, group II underwent these procedures separately with a 6‐week interval. Continence, manometry, stimulation parameters, quality of life results and adverse events were recorded.ResultsAfter a mean 521‐day follow up infection rates were comparable in both groups, as were continence rates, morbidity, anal manometry, stimulation parameters and quality of life.ConclusionOutcome, morbidity and quality of life seem to be comparable. A single procedure avoids the need for an extra admission and operation, so the one‐stage approach should be the standard procedure in dynamic graciloplasty.