bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keats’s Melodious Chuckle
Authors: Ward Matthew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Keats’s Isabella; or The Pot of Basil concludes on a curious note, a ‘melodious chuckle’ that speaks of hysterical merriment. This incongruous key is in keeping with Keats’s approach to poetry as well as laughter: both are a means of keeping pain at bay but also in play. Keats’s laughter articulates his sense of art and beauty as an aestheticization of suffering, and his poetry frequently finds fun in the relation between the melancholic and the mocking. Conscious of sometimes being ‘too smokeable’, his poetry nonetheless entertains laughter as a means of better arriving at feeling, and as one of the truest ways of imagining the life of others. Sympathy and the laughable are interwoven for Keats, but so too are poetry and laughter. His verse echoes with laughter that is full of mysteries, and doubts—states of being fundamental to his sense of the sympathetic imagination and the poetic character.
Coda
Authors: Ward Matthew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lord Byron has frequently been distinguished from Wordsworth, Shelley, and Keats, on account of his laughter. For some, Byron’s laughable poetry is a critique of Romanticism, while for others Byron and Wordsworth, no less than Byron and Keats, present contrary notions of Romanticism itself. In this coda, however, we find echoes and overlaps between these poets, through the laughter of Byron’s last romance, The Island. The poem’s heroine, Neuha, rescues her lover Torquil from the British navy, and as she bursts out of the waters, she lets out a laugh that seems as natural as breathing. It is a comic outburst felt and expressed in the shadow of tragedy. At once optimistic and ironic, joyous and foreshadowing, sublime and ridiculous, it articulates the incongruous strains of the laughter of feeling, and the contradictory, ambivalent forms of Romanticism.
CryoSegNet: accurate cryo-EM protein particle picking by integrating the foundational AI image segmentation model and attention-gated U-Net
Authors: Gyawali Rajan , Dhakal Ashwin , Wang Liguo , Cheng Jianlin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Picking protein particles in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) micrographs is a crucial step in the cryo-EM-based structure determination. However, existing methods trained on a limited amount of cryo-EM data still cannot accurately pick protein particles from noisy cryo-EM images. The general foundational artificial intelligence–based image segmentation model such as Meta’s Segment Anything Model (SAM) cannot segment protein particles well because their training data do not include cryo-EM images. Here, we present a novel approach (CryoSegNet) of integrating an attention-gated U-shape network (U-Net) specially designed and trained for cryo-EM particle picking and the SAM. The U-Net is first trained on a large cryo-EM image dataset and then used to generate input from original cryo-EM images for SAM to make particle pickings. CryoSegNet shows both high precision and recall in segmenting protein particles from cryo-EM micrographs, irrespective of protein type, shape and size. On several independent datasets of various protein types, CryoSegNet outperforms two top machine learning particle pickers crYOLO and Topaz as well as SAM itself. The average resolution of density maps reconstructed from the particles picked by CryoSegNet is 3.33 Å, 7% better than 3.58 Å of Topaz and 14% better than 3.87 Å of crYOLO. It is publicly available at https://github.com/jianlin-cheng/CryoSegNet
Stuck between a Rock and a Hard Place: An Investigation into a Youth-Serving Community-Based Organization, Philanthropy, and Urban Public Schools
Authors: Cohen Abbie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the wake of the federal government’s retrenchment from urban America in the 1970s and 1980s and the resulting rise in inequality, youth-serving, out-of-school time (OST) nonprofits took on a greater role in supporting urban public schools and students. Since then, many educational OST nonprofits have become enriching spaces for youth outside of traditional K–12 classrooms. Yet, their reliance on private philanthropic donations to function often complicates their goals. This article uses a critical, participatory, qualitative case study method to describe the experience of a youth-serving community-based education nonprofit organization in a Northeast city in the United States. In order to understand this nonprofit’s role in the urban schooling community context, this article analyzes its aims and interrogates its barriers to success, using two theoretical perspectives: social reproduction and community cultural wealth. Qualitative analysis revealed that the organization is unmoored—unable to completely meet its own goals centered on community cultural wealth, because of limiting traditional conceptions of capital that reinforce and maintain unfair racialized power dynamics.
Fission as a source of variation for group selection
Authors: Simon Burton , Ispolatov Yaroslav , Doebeli Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWithout heritable variation natural selection cannot effect evolutionary change. In the case of group selection, there must be variation in the population of groups. Where does this variation come from? One source of variation is from the stochastic birth–death processes that occur within groups. This is where variation between groups comes from in most mathematical models of group selection. Here, we argue that another important source of variation between groups is fission, the (generally random) group-level reproduction where parent groups split into two or more offspring groups. We construct a simple model of the fissioning process with a parameter that controls how much variation is produced among the offspring groups. We then illustrate the effect of that parameter with some examples. In most models of group selection in the literature, no variation is produced during group reproduction events; that is, groups “clone” themselves when they reproduce. Fission is often a more biologically realistic method of group reproduction, and it can significantly increase the efficacy of group selection.
Differential Regulation of Opsin Gene Expression in Response to Internal and External Stimuli
Authors: Torres-Dowdall Julián , Karagic Nidal , Prabhukumar Femina , Meyer Axel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Determining how internal and external stimuli interact to determine developmental trajectories of traits is a challenge that requires the integration of different subfields of biology. Internal stimuli, such as hormones, control developmental patterns of phenotypic changes, which might be modified by external environmental cues (e.g. plasticity). Thyroid hormone (TH) modulates the timing of opsin gene expression in developing Midas cichlid fish (Amphilophus citrinellus). Moreover, fish reared in red light accelerate this developmental timing compared to fish reared in white light. Hence, we hypothesized that plasticity caused by variation in light conditions has coopted the TH signaling pathway to induce changes in opsin gene expression. We treated Midas cichlids with TH and crossed this treatment with two light conditions, white and red. We observed that not only opsin expression responded similarly to TH and red light but also that, at high TH levels, there is limited capacity for light-induced plasticity. Transcriptomic analysis of the eye showed that genes in the TH pathway were affected by TH, but not by light treatments. Coexpression network analyses further suggested that response to light was independent of the response to TH manipulations. Taken together, our results suggest independent mechanisms mediating development and plasticity during development of opsin gene expression, and that responses to environmental stimuli may vary depending on internal stimuli. This conditional developmental response to external factors depending on internal ones (e.g. hormones) might play a fundamental role in the patterns of phenotypic divergence observed in Midas cichlids and potentially other organisms.
Competition and Digital Game Design: a Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Moller Arlen C , Kornfield Rachel , Lu Amy S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although competition is a common feature of digital games, nuances of when and why aspects of competition influence players' motivation and well-being have been surprisingly underexplored, especially through the lens of self-determination theory (SDT). In this critical review, we: (1) describe how a mini-theory of SDT, cognitive evaluation theory (CET), can help predict when and why aspects of competition will alternatively satisfy or frustrate basic psychological needs in digital games with downstream effects on players' motivation and well-being; (2) apply the Motivation, Engagement and Thriving in User Experience (METUX) model to outline ways competition in digital games can influence motivation and well-being at multiple levels; and (3) prioritize future research directions. Finally, we argue that digital games, given their diversity, adaptability and massive reach, represent an especially powerful context for studying competition, motivation and well-being.
Research Highlights This critical review integrates self-determination theory (SDT)-guided models and research related to HCI, sports psychology and well-being supportive design to advance understanding of competition in digital games. Introduces a new taxonomy of competition relevant to SDT and digital games, including macro-level categories, general elements and specific features. Presents a competition and digital gaming specific cognitive evaluation theory (CET) model linking different aspects of competition in digital games to basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration, motivation, health and well-being. Applying the METUX model, we map out ways researchers and game makers can think about aspects of competition in digital games at multiple levels or spheres of influence. Prioritizes future directions for research, specifically related to experimentally manipulating digital feedback and digital representations of self and others in digital games.
Cortical impairment and reduced muscle mass in children and young adults with nephropathic cystinosis
Authors: Bechtold-Dalla Pozza Susanne , Lemster Simon , Herzig Nadine , Vill Katharina , Dubinski Ilja , Hohenfellner Katharina ,   The Interdisciplinary Cystinosis Clinic, Lemster Simon , Bechtold-Dalla Pozza Susanne , Herzig Nadine , Vill Katharina , Dubinski Ilja , Hohenfellner Katharina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis is an orphan autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease characterized by a deficiency of cystinosin, a cystine transporter protein, leading to tissue damage, primarily in the kidney and cornea. With the introduction of cystine-depleting therapy with cysteamine and the possibility to survive to adulthood, new challenges of skeletal complications are a concern, with sparse data available regarding bone development. The aim of the current study was to gain more information on bone density and geometry in these patients. Fifty-one patients (29 males, 22 females) with genetically proven nephropathic cystinosis were clinically evaluated with a medical history, physical examination, grip strength measurements, and biochemical and imaging studies. Bone mineral density, bone geometry, and muscle cross sectional area were measured, and muscle was evaluated. Results were compared with age- and gender-specific reference data. Z-scores for height (mean [M] = −1.75, standard deviation [SD] = 1.43), weight (M = −1.67, SD = 1.29), and BMI (M = −0.98, SD = 1.29) were lower than reference data. Medullary cross-sectional area (CSA) and cortical density z-scores were not compromised (M = 0.12, SD = 1.56 and M = −0.25, SD = 1.63, respectively), but cortical CSA z-scores and Strength-Strain Index (SSI) were reduced (M = −2.16, SD = 1.08, M = −2.07, SD = 1.08). Muscular deficits were reflected by reduced z-scores for muscle CSA (M = −2.43, SD = 1.27) and grip strength (M = −3.01, SD = 1.10), along with jump force (34% lower than reference value). Multiple regression analyses indicated an association of muscle mass with medullary CSA and SSI, but not with cortical CSA. While bone density parameters were normal, bone geometry was altered, resulting in a thinner cortex with possible impact on bone strength. Muscle weakness be partially responsible for altered bone geometry and could provide a potential treatment target.
Cooperative Regulation in the WTO
Authors: Gruszczynski Lukasz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the operation of the SPS Committee. It looks at its composition, mode of functioning, and activities. In this context, it identifies two basic functions perfomed by the SPS Committee. First it acts as a forum for information exchange and peer review among Members (mainly through the Specific Trade Concerns mechanism); second, it performs a norm elaboration function. The chapter offers many examples of specific trade concerns raised within the SPS Committee, and of the nature of the ensuing interaction between Members. Finally, it examines the norm elaboration function of the SPS Committee, and the various decisions and guidelines promulgated by it, and their legal status.
The Transparency Obligations
Authors: Gruszczynski Lukasz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the transparency and notification requirements of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement). Transparency implies the duty of disseminating information and a burden of justification attached to Members, enhancing their accountability in regulation. Since transparency is increasingly viewed as a regulatory tool or instrument in its own right, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is in line with other developments on the national and international regulatory landscape. The chapter also details the role of the WTO Secretariat in relation to transparency under the SPS Agreement.
Looking Beyond the SPS Agreement
Authors: Gruszczynski Lukasz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the relationship between the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement) and free trade agreements (FTAs). The chapter explains growing interest among WTO Members in regional economic integration and the shift in the attention of FTAs from border measures to non-tariff barriers (NTBs), including SPS matters. It discusses the specific requirements of the FTAs, such as harmonization, science-based obligations, regionalization, and equivalence. Altogether the analysis covers five FTAs: EU–Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), the EU–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EU–Japan EPA), the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA).
Magnetars as powering sources of gamma-ray burst associated supernovae, and unsupervized clustering of cosmic explosions
Authors: Kumar Amit , Sharma Kaushal , Vinkó Jozsef , Steeghs Danny , Gompertz Benjamin , Lyman Joseph , Dastidar Raya , Singh Avinash , Ackley Kendall , Pursiainen Miika 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the semi-analytical light curve modelling of 13 supernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRB-SNe) along with two relativistic broad-lined (Ic-BL) SNe without GRB association (SNe 2009bb and 2012ap), considering millisecond magnetars as central-engine-based power sources for these events. The bolometric light curves of all 15 SNe in our sample are well-regenerated utilizing a χ2-minimization code, MINIM, and numerous parameters are constrained. The median values of ejecta mass (Mej), magnetar’s initial spin period (Pi), and magnetic field (B) for GRB-SNe are determined to be ≈5.2 M⊙, 20.5 ms, and 20.1 × 1014 G, respectively. We leverage machine learning (ML) algorithms to comprehensively compare the three-dimensional parameter space encompassing Mej, Pi, and B for GRB-SNe determined herein to those of H-deficient superluminous SNe (SLSNe-I), fast blue optical transients (FBOTs), long GRBs (LGRBs), and short GRBs (SGRBs) obtained from the literature. The application of unsupervized ML clustering algorithms on the parameters Mej, Pi, and B for GRB-SNe, SLSNe-I, and FBOTs yields a classification accuracy of ∼95 per cent. Extending these methods to classify GRB-SNe, SLSNe-I, LGRBs, and SGRBs based on Pi and B values results in an accuracy of ∼84 per cent. Our investigations show that GRB-SNe and relativistic Ic-BL SNe presented in this study occupy different parameter spaces for Mej, Pi, and B than those of SLSNe-I, FBOTs, LGRBs, and SGRBs. This indicates that magnetars with different Pi and B can give birth to distinct types of transients.
Aurora: a fluorescent deoxyribozyme for high-throughput screening
Authors: Volek Martin , Kurfürst Jaroslav , Drexler Matúš , Svoboda Michal , Srb Pavel , Veverka Václav , Curtis Edward A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fluorescence facilitates the detection, visualization, and tracking of molecules with high sensitivity and specificity. A functional DNA molecule that generates a robust fluorescent signal would offer significant advantages for many applications compared to intrinsically fluorescent proteins, which are expensive and labor intensive to synthesize, and fluorescent RNA aptamers, which are unstable under most conditions. Here, we describe a novel deoxyriboyzme that rapidly and efficiently generates a stable fluorescent product using a readily available coumarin substrate. An engineered version can detect picomolar concentrations of ribonucleases in a simple homogenous assay, and was used to rapidly identify novel inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 ribonuclease Nsp15 in a high-throughput screen. Our work adds an important new component to the toolkit of functional DNA parts, and also demonstrates how catalytic DNA motifs can be used to solve real-world problems.
OptoLacI: optogenetically engineered lactose operon repressor LacI responsive to light instead of IPTG
Authors: Liu Meizi , Li Zuhui , Huang Jianfeng , Yan Junjun , Zhao Guoping , Zhang Yanfei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Optogenetics’ advancement has made light induction attractive for controlling biological processes due to its advantages of fine-tunability, reversibility, and low toxicity. The lactose operon induction system, commonly used in Escherichia coli, relies on the binding of lactose or isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) to the lactose repressor protein LacI, playing a pivotal role in controlling the lactose operon. Here, we harnessed the light-responsive light-oxygen-voltage 2 (LOV2) domain from Avena sativa phototropin 1 as a tool for light control and engineered LacI into two light-responsive variants, OptoLacIL and OptoLacID. These variants exhibit direct responsiveness to light and darkness, respectively, eliminating the need for IPTG. Building upon OptoLacI, we constructed two light-controlled E. coli gene expression systems, OptoE.coliLight system and OptoE.coliDark system. These systems enable bifunctional gene expression regulation in E. coli through light manipulation and show superior controllability compared to IPTG-induced systems. We applied the OptoE.coliDark system to protein production and metabolic flux control. Protein production levels are comparable to those induced by IPTG. Notably, the titers of dark-induced production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) and ergothioneine exceeded 110% and 60% of those induced by IPTG, respectively. The development of OptoLacI will contribute to the advancement of the field of optogenetic protein engineering, holding substantial potential applications across various fields.
Finding digital health governance mechanism to support country’s health systems: Thailand case study
Authors: Kijsanayotin Boonchai , Ratchatorn Anawat , Suwanthaweemeesuk Kamonporn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 2010, a collaboration between the Ministry of Public Health and the World Health Organization Thailand highlighted the urgent need for an effective eHealth governance mechanism in the country. Despite efforts, a consensus-driven governance mechanism remains elusive. This research aimed to investigate suitable digital health governance models for Thailand by examining models from six countries (Malaysia, the Philippines, Australia, England, the USA and Canada) and gathering insights from stakeholders. In stage 1, research gathered data via literature reviews and interviews with 11 executives in Thailand’s digital health sectors. The study of six countries showed diverse digital health governance influenced by political, cultural and health factors. Using the Broadband Commission’s governance models, most participants preferred a dedicated digital health agency. They emphasized decisive leadership, collaboration to prevent silos and uniform health information standards. In Thailand, the Ministry of Public Health cannot oversee digital health solely but can lead in tandem with other bodies. Effective governance requires collaboration, leadership and the dedicated agency model, underscoring health information standards’ significance. Stage 2 published the ‘Digital Health Governance Model: Recommendation for Thailand Health Systems’, presented to 101 high-level representatives. A survey indicated that over 90% of these stakeholders concurred with the study’s findings and recommendations. The research suggests that while the Ministry of Public Health is central, it should not manage alone. Collaborative governance with consistent leadership is crucial for Thailand’s digital health progression. Although the study lacked civil society input, its insights are pivotal for Thailand’s digital health policy future.
BMI/Obesity and consumers’ price sensitivity: Implications for food tax policies
Authors: Bao Ying , Osborne Matthew , Wang Emily , Jaenicke Edward C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We examine the relationship between BMI and food purchase behavior using a unique dataset that links individual-level food purchases to health data. We find that individuals with higher BMI are significantly more sensitive to price changes in vice categories but do not show similar sensitivity in comparable nonvice categories. We rely on past literature that defines and identifies vice categories as those that are tempting and purchased impulsively. We explore the effectiveness of a 10% price increase on vice food categories, a hypothetical policy similar in spirit to a fat tax or sugar tax. We predict that such a tax would substantially reduce consumption of these foods, and would be particularly effective in reducing consumption by individuals with higher BMI.
Morality in the anthropocene: The perversion of compassion and punishment in the online world
Authors: Robertson Claire E , Shariff Azim , Van Bavel Jay J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although much of human morality evolved in an environment of small group living, almost 6 billion people use the internet in the modern era. We argue that the technological transformation has created an entirely new ecosystem that is often mismatched with our evolved adaptations for social living. We discuss how evolved responses to moral transgressions, such as compassion for victims of transgressions and punishment of transgressors, are disrupted by two main features of the online context. First, the scale of the internet exposes us to an unnaturally large quantity of extreme moral content, causing compassion fatigue and increasing public shaming. Second, the physical and psychological distance between moral actors online can lead to ineffective collective action and virtue signaling. We discuss practical implications of these mismatches and suggest directions for future research on morality in the internet era.