bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Aspects of Pharmacists' Attitudes and Barriers toward Health Literacy: A Factor Analytic Study
Authors: Devraj Radhika , Gupchup Gireesh V 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND: Health literacy has gained prominence since the Institute of Medicine Report publicized the widespread prevalence of low health literacy. Pharmacists play an important role in enhancing health literacy as a result of their proximity to patients. Literature about pharmacists' perceptions and barriers in incorporating health literacy interventions is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To develop an instrument to measure pharmacists' attitudes and barriers toward health literacy. METHODS: A survey instrument assessing attitudes and barriers was designed based on a pharmacist focus group. The instrument was pretested among a sample of pharmacists from Illinois. The final instrument was administered to a systematic sample of 1500 pharmacists who were members of the Illinois Pharmacists Association. Dillman's 5-step total design method was followed to maximize survey responses. Exploratory principal components analysis with varimax rotation was performed on attitudes and barriers items to identify underlying components. Internal consistency of the components was determined using the Cronbach a and corrected item-total correlations. RESULTS: Overall, usable responses were received from 701 respondents, yielding a 48.1% response rate. Exploratory principal components analysis of the attitudes subscale produced a 5-factor solution that explained 55.87% of the variance. The 5 components included (1) low health literacy (LHL) situations, (2) LHL reasons, (3) LHL patient characteristics, (4) medication-related factors, and (5) LHL patient-interaction factors. The barriers subscale produced 3 components: (1) practice-related barriers, (2) knowledge and interaction-related barriers, and (3) process barriers, all of which explained 53.74% of the variance. Cronbach a values for the 5 attitudes subscales ranged from 0.33 to 0.78 and, for the 3 barriers, subscale values ranged from 0.56 to 0.71, offering evidence of internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of components of pharmacists' attitudes and barriers toward health literacy will be useful to managers interested in incorporating health literacy interventions in their practice.
Dipyridamole-Associated Shock and Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Dioverti Maria , Fishman Robert , Moskowitz Robert , Arias Sixto A , Nair Sumi , Lall Priyanka , Schussheim Adam E , Zarich Stuart , Manthous Constantine 
Published: June 2011

Objective: To report a case of fulminant shock and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema induced by intravenously administered dipyridamole. Case Summary: A 73-year-old woman presented to the office of her cardiologist for dipyridamole myocardial scintigraphy. Several minutes after administration of intravenous dipyridamole 0.57 mg/kg over 4 minutes she developed wheezing, followed by cardiovascular collapse and pulmonary edema requiring 100% oxygen and endotracheal intubation. She had never received dipyridamole before this, and no other medications or exposures were documented proximate to the collapse. On transfer to the hospital, she developed shock refractory to multiple vasopressors, which responded to continuous infusions of epinephrine. She also had severe pulmonary edema requiring invasive ventilation, 100% inspired oxygen, and 24 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure. An echocardiogram did not show new left-ventricular dysfunction and there were signs of right-heart underfilling, supporting a diagnosis of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Both shock and pulmonary edema resolved within 12 hours. Discussion: Dipyridamole-associated hypotension has been reported in a number of case series and registries. Detailed case descriptions, however, are not available in the literature to permit understanding of the mechanism of shock following hypotension resulting from dipyridamole myocardial scintigraphy. Our case is exceptional in that echocardiography results support a diagnosis of hypovolemic (rather than cardiogenic) shock. To our knowledge, this is the first case of severe (most likely noncardiogenic) pulmonary edema associated with intravenous infusion of dipyridamole. An objective causality assessment suggested that this patient's cardiopulmonary collapse was probably related to dipyridamole. Conclusions: While hypotension has been previously associated with intravenous use of dipyridamole, ours is the first report to suggest a noncardiogenic mechanism for shock. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema following dipyridamole infusion.
Vilazodone for the Treatment of Depression
Authors: Lindsey Wesley T 
Published: June 2011

Objective: To evaluate the clinical literature on and potential clinical role of vilazodone for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Data Sources: Searches were conducted on MEDLINE (1948-February 2011), Iowa Drug Information Service (1988-February 2011), EBSCO Academic Search Premier (1975-February 2011), Google Scholar (1992-February 2011), PsycINFO (1980-February 2011), and PsycARTICLES (1985-February 2011), and on general Internet search engines including Google and Bing (no lower limit-February 2011). Search terms were vilazodone, EMD 68843, depression, and major depressive disorder. Potential prior marketers of vilazodone, including Merck KGaA in Germany and Genaissance Pharmaceuticals, were contacted for any available unpublished Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3 studies, or preclinical information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All applicable full-text English-language articles, abstracts, and professional poster presentations found were evaluated and included in the review, as well as marketing and Securities and Exchange Commission filings available from the patent holders. Data Synthesis: Vilazodone is an antidepressant recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that is first in a new class regarding mechanism of action. It has demonstrated efficacy in the primary outcome of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) response in an 8-week pivotal Phase 3 trial. Phase 2 trials did not demonstrate efficacy for primary outcomes of the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression but showed statistically significant improvements in select secondary outcomes such as Clinical Global Impressions severity and MADRS. Long-term efficacy data are still forthcoming. An emerging aspect to vilazodone's development has been the identification and assessment of potential genetic biomarkers associated with both therapeutic response and more serious adverse effects. Initial studies into biomarkers have been inconclusive. Conclusions: Vilazodone is a new agent recently approved by the FDA for treating major depressive disorder. Response rates seen with vilazodone are similar to those of currently available antidepressants.
Accurate Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Allele Assignment in Trisomic or Duplicated Regions by Using a Single Base–Extension Assay with MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Trewick Anne L , Moustafa Julia S El-Sayed , de Smith Adam J , Froguel Philippe , Greve Gottfried , Njølstad Pål R , Coin Lachlan JM , Blakemore Alexandra IF 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND
The accurate assignment of alleles embedded within trisomic or duplicated regions is an essential prerequisite for assessing the combined effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic copy number. Such an integrated analysis is challenging because heterozygotes for such a SNP may be one of 2 genotypes—AAB or ABB. Established methods for SNP genotyping, however, can have difficulty discriminating between the 2 heterozygous trisomic genotypes. We developed a method for assigning heterozygous trisomic genotypes that uses the ratio of the height of the 2 allele peaks obtained by mass spectrometry after a single-base extension assay.

METHODS
Eighteen COL6A2 (collagen, type VI, alpha 2) SNPs were analyzed in euploid and trisomic individuals by means of a multiplexed single-base extension assay that generated allele-specific oligonucleotides of differing Mr values for detection by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Reference data (mean and SD) for the allele peak height ratios were determined from heterozygous euploid samples. The heterozygous trisomic genotypes were assigned by calculating the z score for each trisomic allele peak height ratio and by considering the sign (+/−) of the z score.

RESULTS
Heterozygous trisomic genotypes were assigned in 96.1% (range, 89.9%–100%) of the samples for each SNP analyzed. The genotypes obtained were reproduced in 95 (97.5%) of 97 loci retested in a second assay. Subsequently, the origin of nondisjunction was determined in 108 (82%) of 132 family trios with a Down syndrome child.

CONCLUSIONS
This approach enabled reliable genotyping of heterozygous trisomic samples and the determination of the origin of nondisjunction in Down syndrome family trios.
Oral Fluid Cannabinoids in Chronic, Daily Cannabis Smokers during Sustained, Monitored Abstinence
Authors: Lee Dayong , Milman Garry , Barnes Allan J , Goodwin Robert S , Hirvonen Jussi , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND
Oral fluid (OF) is an accepted alternative biological matrix for drug treatment, workplace, and DUID (driving under the influence of drugs) investigations, but establishing the cannabinoid OF detection window and concentration cutoff criteria are important.

METHODS
Cannabinoid concentrations were quantified in OF from chronic, daily cannabis smokers during monitored abstinence. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)3, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) were determined in daily OF samples collected with the Quantisal™ device. GC-MS limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.5 μg/L for THC and CBD, 1 μg/L for CBN, and 7.5 ng/L for THCCOOH.

RESULTS
After providing written informed consent for this institutional review board–approved study, 28 participants resided from 4 to 33 days on the secure research unit and provided 577 OF specimens. At the LOQ, THC was generally quantifiable for 48 h, whereas CBD and CBN were detected only at admission. Median THCCOOH detection time was 13 days (CI 6.4–19.6 days). Mean THC detection rates decreased from 89.3% at admission to 17.9% after 48 h, whereas THCCOOH gradually decreased from 89.3% to 64.3% within 4 days. Criteria of THC ≥2 μg/L and THCCOOH ≥20 ng/L reduced detection to &lt;48 h in chronic cannabis smokers. An OF THCCOOH/THC ratio ≤4 ng/μg or presence of CBD or CBN may indicate more recent smoking.

CONCLUSIONS
THC, THCCOOH, CBD, and CBN quantification in confirmatory OF cannabinoid testing is recommended. Inclusion of multiple cannabinoid cutoffs accounted for residual cannabinoid excretion in OF from chronic, daily cannabis smokers and could reduce the potential for positive test results from passive cannabis smoke exposure and lead to greatly improved test interpretation.
Distribution and combinations of Czech consonants
Authors: Bičan Aleš 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This paper outlines distributional and combinational potentials of consonants in Present Standard Czech. We adopt a notion distributional unit introduced by Jan W. F. Mulder. It is defined as a bundle of positions such that in every such position a phoneme can stand and commute with other phonemes or with ∅ (be empty). Nine positions are established for Czech: five pre-nuclear, one nuclear and three post-nuclear. The sum of these positions is an underlying grid upon which the structure of all the phonotagms (roughly: syllables) in Czech can be effectively mapped and thus exhaustively described. This paper focuses in particular on the distribution of Czech consonants and includes tables containing 413 pre-nuclear (= syllable-initial) and 82 post-nuclear (= syllable-final) consonantal combinations in Czech. Such a comprehensive list has not, to the best of our knowledge, been published elsewhere.
Translational and intermedial diversification: Michail Ju. Lermontov’s “Maskarad” (1835) in Czech (1929–2008)
Authors: Schultze Brigitte 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Largely unobserved by philological research, the Czech culture has shown far above average receptiveness to a number of Russian dramatists, among them M. Ju. Lermontov. While the English speaking world keeps waiting for a translation of the canonic version of “Maskarad” (1835), there have been three independent Czech translations of this play – by František Táborský (1929), František Píšek (1941) and Emanuel Frynta (1951). Comparative analysis of these translations out of which two have been staged proves to forward the interpretation of this complex piece of dramatic literature (“a problem of interpretation forever”, Frynta). A discussion of several Czech theatre productions of “Maskarad” between 1941 and 2008 reveals historical and cultural context, but also impressive cases of actualization in all of these productions.
Buchbesprechung
Authors: Šefčík Ondřej 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Čornejová, Michaela, Tvoření nejstarích českých místních jmen. Bohemika z 11.-13. století. Brno: Masarykova univerzita  MUNI Press, 2009. 204 S. ISBN 978-80-210-5027-3
Buchbesprechung
Authors: Rabus Achim 
Published: June 2011

Zusammenfassung
Rumjancev, Oleh Je., Pytannja nacional′noji identyčnosti rusyniv i ukrajinciv Juhoslaviji (19181991). München, Berlin: Sagner, 2010 (Studies on Language and Culture in Central and Eastern Europe; 11), 523 S. ISBN 978-3-86688-114-3
Monddaten aus dem Archiv von Illahun: Chronologie des Mittleren Reiches
Authors: Gautschyy Rita 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Last/first sightings of the lunar crescent and new moon epochs between 2000 BC and 2000 AD were calculated using modern up-to-date lunar and solar ephemerides for different locations in Egypt and for Babylon. All results of these calculations are available online.
The lunar data from the archive of Illahun are reanalysed and the uncertainties of the data reduction and possible absolute chronological assessments are discussed. The data can be fit best when a reign length of 30 years is allowed for pharaoh Senwosret III, which is in accordance with the given number for this king in the Turin papyrus. The lunar data do not support a low chronology of the Middle Kingdom. Two temporal assignments are possible in combination with the recorded date of a heliacal rising of Sirius on either IIII Peret 16 or 17 in the surrounding of Memphis. The best fit (82.5% reproduced correctly) can be obtained with an assumed beginning of the day with dawn and year 1 of Senwosret III equalling 1872 BC and year 1 of Amenemhet III in 1842 BC respectively. In this case the correct Sirius date of year 7 Senwosret III in 1866 BC must have been IIII Peret 17 in order to match with the lunar data. The second possible fit (72.5% correct) is obtained with an assumed beginning of the day with sunrise and year 1 of Senwosret III equalling 1883 BC and year 1 of Amenemhet III in 1853 BC respectively. The correct Sirius date would be IIII Peret 16 in 1877 BC.
L'Alcasta and the Emergence of Collective Patronage in Mid-Seventeenth-Century Rome
Authors: de Lucca Valeria 
Published: June 2011

This article sheds new light onto the process of transformation of the figure of the opera patron in Rome during the mid-seventeenth century. Following the travels of Giovanni Filippo Apolloni's libretto Amor per vendetta, ovvero L'Alcasta, I trace the dissolution of the ubiquitous individual court patron of the earlier part of the century into a network of agents behind opera production in commercial contexts. In every phase of the story of L'Alcasta—its commission, plans for production, staging, dedication, and subsequent revivals—we can detect diverse agencies shaping the libretto and score, which accommodated different needs and tastes and conveyed multiple social and political meanings.
Showing how the Roman aristocracy experimented with new systems of production that would radically change the history of opera, L'Alcasta also raises broader questions concerning the presence and functions of “patronage” in commercial opera theaters. The trajectory that emerges in the history of opera patronage in the papal city during the second half of the century begins with collective forms of sponsorship during the 1660s and develops further, giving rise to Rome's first commercial opera theater during the 1670s, the Teatro Tordinona. In this context, at a time in which opera in Rome did not find full institutional support, Queen Christina of Sweden represented, at least nominally, the missing patron, a highly representative figure who stood in as guarantor of the new theater on behalf of the aristocratic class that produced and conspicuously consumed opera.
Helicobacter pylori before and after the kidney transplantation
Authors: Telkes Gábor 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Renal disease is often accompanied by significant gastrointestinal symptoms, and Helicobacter pylori is related to these disorders. There is a paucity of data about the endoscopic findings of kidney recipients. HLA-class II genes have been repeatedly investigated for predisposition to H. pylori infection. The aim was to evaluate the H. pylori infection rate, study the relationship between HLA antigens and H. pylori, and assess the post-transplant gastrointestinal disorders. Data of 709 uraemic patients were collected for seroepidemiologic study; 58.7% of patients were male and the mean age was 45.1 years. The endoscopic results of 543 kidney transplant recipients were analysed; their mean age was 49.5 years and 56.9% were male. Of 709 patients, 49.37% were seropositive for H. pylori. Prevalence of H. pylori decreased strongly with the year of birth. Significant difference was observed in the occurrence of HLA-DR12 according to H. pylori serology. Twenty-nine per cent of endoscopies showed ulcer disease in the first 3 months, more frequent (p = 0.0014) than later. The presence of H. pylori was verified in 20.9% of cases, less than in the general, and in the uraemic population (p < 0.0001). There was no association between the presence of H. pylori and ulcer (p = 0.28). Steroid pulse treatment for rejection was not associated with more ulcers (p = 0.11).
Férfiemlőrák előfordulása osztályunk 5 éves anyagában
Authors: Cseh Imre , Kerekes Mária , Solymosi Tibor 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA férfiemlőrák ritka betegség, statisztikai adatok szerint minden 100 női emlőrákra jut egy férfiemlőrák. Bármely életkorban előfordulhat, azonban inkább az idősebb kor betegsége. A férfi emlőrákosok átlag életkora 10 évvel magasabb a nőknél. A szerzők ismertetik a betegségre hajlamosító tényezőket, a férfiemlőrák gyakoribb típusait, a kivizsgálási és kezelési elveket. Részletezik az osztályukon előfordult 5 eset kivizsgálását, kezelését, szövettani erdményeit, adjuváns onkológiai kezelésüket.
Thoraco-myoplastica műtéteink számítógépes modellezése és tervezése
Authors: Balogh Gábor , Garbera István , ifj. Balogh Gábor 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBevezetés:A krónikus mellűri gennyedések súlyos eseteiben a betegek eredményes kezelése csak thoraco-myoplastica elvégzésével lehetséges. A műtét a lágy részekre és a csontstruktúrára is kiterjedő jelentős szöveti áldozattal, funkcionális károsodással és megmaradó deformitással jár. Az alkalmazott számítógépes műtéti terv kialakításának célja az, hogy a záróműtét lágyrész- és funkciókárosító hatását mérsékelje. A műtét kedvezőtlen hatásainak mérséklésében jelentős segítséget nyújt a CT és spirál-CT segítségével elkészített 3 dimenziós felvételek műtét előtti értékelése.Betegek és módszer:1990. január 1. és 2010. május 31. között 85 thoraco-myoplasticát végeztek különböző eredetű krónikus mellűri gennyedés miatt. Az átlagéletkor 62,7 év volt. A funkció- és szövetkímélő thoraco-myoplastica 76 esetben fenestratio után végzett nyitott kezelést követően történt, 9 betegnél tartós szívódrainage-t követően. 2006-ban vezettük be osztályunkon a krónikus mellűri gennyedés végleges megoldására szolgáló thoraco-myoplastica műtétek számítógépes tervezését, amelyet 8 beteg esetében alkalmaztunk. A spirál-CT segítségével előre modellezhető, hogy hány bordára és azok mekkora szakaszára terjedjen ki a thoracoplastica. Az üreg pontos térfogatának, lokalizációjának meghatározása és az elforgatható izomnyalábok (m. pectoralis maior, m. latissimus dorsi stb.) térfogatának műtét előtti mérése segít a krónikusan gennyedő üreg megszüntetésében. A szerzők által kidolgozott feltételrendszer alapján kerültek a betegek műtétre.Eredmények:A 20 év alatt végzett 85 thoracomyoplastica műtét mortalitása 4,8% volt. 8 esetben számítógépes modellezés és tervezés előzte meg a műtétet. Mindegyik beteg gyógyult.Következtetés:A szerzők megállapítása szerint a számítógépes tervezés a sebész munkáját jelentősen segíti abban, hogy a műtét során a mellkasi struktúra és a lágy részek feláldozásával járó hátrányos következményeket mérsékelhesse.
Current Knowledge on Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Among Women with Sporadic Breast Cancer
Authors: Brewster Abenaa M. , Parker Patricia A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify situations in which contralateral prophylactic mastectomy may be appropriate in breast cancer patients.Describe epidemiological data on the clinical benefits of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy for patients with breast cancer.CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.comThe use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in the U.S. among patients with unilateral invasive breast cancer increased by 150% from 1993 to 2003. Although CPM has been shown to reduce the risk for developing contralateral breast cancer, there is conflicting evidence on whether or not it reduces breast cancer mortality or overall death. The increase in the CPM rate is especially concerning among women with early-stage sporadic breast cancer who have a minimal annual risk for developing contralateral breast cancer, and for many of these women the risk for distant metastatic disease outweighs the risk for contralateral breast cancer. The lack of information about the clinical value of CPM in women with sporadic breast cancer is an important public health problem. This review evaluates current data on the clinical indications for CPM and long-term patient satisfaction and psychosocial outcomes. Gaps in knowledge about the clinical value of CPM, including patient- and physician-related psychosocial factors that influence the decision-making process of CPM among women with sporadic breast cancer, are highlighted.