bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amoebiasis of the Female Genital Tract: A Case Report
Authors: Nopdonrattakoon Lek 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn 1994, a 56‐year‐old Burmese woman presented with bloody discharge per vaginam had undergone pelvic examination disclosing multiple small ulcerated and friable lesions with contact bleeding at vulva, vagina and cervix. Wet smears from vaginal discharge showed typical Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. The patient was treated with metronidazole 750 mg three times daily for 7 days, resulting in complete recovery of the lesions in 10 days.The pathology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of the disease are discussed.
Factors Influencing the Prolonged Second Stage and the Effects on Perinatal and Maternal Outcomes
Authors: Kuo Yueh‐Chang , Chen Chie‐Pein , Wang Kuo‐Gon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To examine the factors influencing the prolonged second stage and the maternal‐perinatal outcomes after a prolonged second stage of labor.Methods: Between Janualy 1993 and June 1993, 165 women who delivered with a prolonged second stage of labor were enrolled in this study. The control group was 1750 term pregnancies that delivered under 2 hours in the second stage. Maternal and neonatal outcomes included one and 5 minute Apgar scores, umbilical blood gas determination, thick meconium stain, fetal trauma, and length of hospital stay.Results: Factors such as nulliparity (p < 0.005), maternal weight gained during pregnancy (p < 0.01), active phase length (p < 0.05), persistent occiput posterior position (p < 0.05), station at complete cervical dilation (p < 0.05) and a need of instrumental vaginal delivery (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with a prolonged second stage of labor. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were not different significantly between the study and control group.Conclusion: The maternal and perinatal well‐beings from the normal second stage group did not appear to be more favorable than the prolonged second stage. Under monitored condition, if the fetal heart rate is considered normal, then the natural labor course could be continued.
Plasma Exchange in a Patient with Postpartum HELLP Syndrome
Authors: Hamada Shin‐ichi , Takishita Yoshihiro , Tamura Takao , Naka Osamu , Higuchi Kazuhiko , Takahashi Hiroko 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe case of a patient with HELLP syndrome, who was unresponsive to supportive management but successfully treated with plasma exchange, is presented. The significance of plasma exchange in the treatment of HELLP syndrome is discussed.
A Case of Pregnancy with Adult T‐Cell Leukemia
Authors: Utsumi Tohru , Tsuda Akira , Hirano Hideto , Goto Kaoru , Tsubaki Hiromitsu , Tanaka Toshinobu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe incidence of adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) arising in women of childbearing age is documented infrequently. This report is the second in the world's literature of a case of ATL that occurred during pregnancy. A 43‐year‐old woman developed ATL during pregnancy and died of widespread disease 4 weeks after cesarean delivery.
Screening and Epidemiological Trends in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kim Seung Jo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe developed or less developed countries where basic conditions for the screening of cervical cancer are quite different in terms of essential factors such as accuracy of cytology, cost effectiveness and development of new methods of diagnosis. Considering these factors the screening program made by annual Pap smear with adjunctive cervicography and HPV DNA test in the women aged from 20 to 69 years may have universal validity.
Parental Attitudes toward Obstetric Ultrasound Examination
Authors: Zlotogorski Z. , Tadmor O. , Rabinovitz R. , Diamant Y. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of ultrasound examination on parental attitudes and anxieties.Material and Method: Ultrasound examinations were carried out on 1,089 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies at a mean gestational age of 20.9 weeks (minimum 10 weeks). Before and after the ultrasound examination, patients completed a questionnaire comprising 26 five‐point numerical scales relating to anxiety levels, and difference scores for pre‐ and post‐scan levels of fears and anxieties were computed.Results: We showed that the reduction of anxiety following ultrasound examination was inversely related to gestational age, but was unrelated to demographic or medical variables, such as the risk level at the time of the scan. Similarly, anxiety was not reduced because of the presence of the spouse, although the spouse's presence did significantly increase inter‐partner bonding.Conclusion: This study showed that “routine” ultrasound scan may have significant psychological effects on parental attitudes toward each other and the fetus.
Possible Association of Body‐Fat Distribution with Preeclampsia
Authors: Ijuin Hirofumi , Douchi Tsutomu , Nakamura Sachiko , Oki Toshimichi , Yamamoto Schinichi , Nagata Yukihiro 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To investigate whether preeclampsia is associated with body‐fat distribution.Methods: Twenty‐two patients with preeclampsia (mean age: 31.9 ± 6.0 years) and 126 controls without preeclampsia (mean age: 30.9 ± 5.2 years) were enrolled in this study. We compared baseline characteristics and 4 body‐fat indices measured by DEXA on Day 5 postpartum. The possible correlation between the variables and the development of preeclampsia was evaluated by multivariate analysis.Results: The body‐fat ratio, the upper‐half body‐fat amount, upper‐half‐body body‐fat amount ratio, and upper‐/lower‐half‐body body‐fat amounts ratio on Day 5 postpartum were significantly higher in the preeclampsia group. However, the upper‐/lower‐half‐body body‐fat amount ratio was best correlated with preeclampsia among variables in multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Upper‐body‐fat distribution might be associated with the development of preeclampsia.
Adenomyosis in the Broad Ligament and Tamoxifen: Report of a Case
Authors: Chung Yi‐Pei , Lin Ho‐Hsiung , Sheu Bor‐Ching , Mao Tseuy‐Liang , Chang Daw‐Yuan , Huang Su‐Cheng 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAdenomyosis confined to the broad ligament is extremely rare. Herein we present a case of adenomyosis in the broad ligament with unusual gross features. This 41‐year‐old woman had been on tamoxifen therapy for 3 years due to breast cancer. Ten months after discontinuing tamoxifen, she underwent exploratory laparotomy for a right adnexal mass suspected as ovarian malignancy. At laparotomy, the mass was located in the right broad ligament with a fibrous stalk connecting to the uterus. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed adenomyosis with cyst formation and an unusual thick capsule. The possible effects of tamoxifen upon the uterus are discussed in this article, in view of reports of tamoxifen associated with endometrial carcinoma and endometriosis.
Cellular and Subcellular Localization of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Diaphorase Activity in the Human Placenta
Authors: Matsubara Shigeki , Minakami Hisanori , Takayama Takeshi , Sato Ikuo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To determine the cellular and subcellular distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH‐d) in the human placenta and thereby to shed light on the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase in this tissue.Methods: NADPH‐d activity in 10 term placenta and in 10 first‐trimester placentas! was examined by enzyme histochemistry and by both light microscopy and electron microscopy.Results: Light microscopy revealed that NADPH‐d activity was marked in the syncytiotrophoblasts, moderate in the endothelium of cord vessels, and weak in the amniotic epithelia and chorionic trophoblasts. At the electron‐microscopic level, NADPH‐d activity was apparent as small patches distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblasts.Conclusion: NO might be generated in the syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta and might play a role in the regulation of placental hemodynamics or in the signaling between the syncytium and the villous mesenchyme.
Intrinsic Ureteric Involvement by Endometriosis: A Case Report
Authors: Takeuchi Shigeto , Minoura Hiroyuki , Toyoda Nagayasu , Ichio Takao , Hirano Hiroshi , Sugiyama Yoichi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEndometriosis occasionally involves the urinary tract, and a ureteral obstruction from this order constitues a rare variant with serious consequences. Intrinsic ureteric involvement by endometriosis is an exceedingly rare event. This case report describes intrinsic ureteric involvement by endometriosis. The case involved 47‐year‐old woman, gravida 4, para 2, who had a 4‐year history of dysmenorrhea and hypermenorrhea. An intravenous pyelogram showed a right hydronephrosis. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and a right ureteroureterostomy. A pathologic examination revealed complete obstruction of the right ureter by intrinsic intramural endometriosis. We conclude that because ureteral endometriosis, especially intrinsic endometriosis, is usually silent and results in a high rate of renal loss before recognition, physicians should have a hightened awareness of this uncommon but serious manifestation of endometriosis.
Comparative Study of Different Anticonvulsants in Eclampsia
Authors: Chatterjee Alokendu , Mukheree Joydev 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOne hundred eclampsia patients were admitted in this hospital from January 1993 to November 1993 and they were subjected to different anticonvulsant regimes. There were 28 patients in lytic cocktail group, 16 in diazepam group, 16 in magnesium sulphate group and 40 patients in phenytoin sodium group. The results are compared in every aspect. Feto maternal outcome is best with magnesium sulphate regime followed by phenytoin sodium regime. They produce significantly better results than lytic cocktail and diazepam.
Ectopic Pregnancy in Uterosacral Ligament
Authors: Lo Keith Wing‐Kit , Lau Tze‐Kin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo cases of ectopic pregnancy in the uterosacral ligament are presented. The cases are reported not only because of its rarity but also to arouse the thought of primary aetiology. With the increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy due to assisted reproduction, gynaecologists are posed with the diagnostic challenge. The golden rule of management in extra‐tubal pregnancy is to maintain high index of suspicion.
Spontaneous Resolution of a Postcesarean Arteriovenous Fistula of the Uterine Cervix: The Usefulness of Transvaginal Color Doppler Scanning
Authors: Itoh Hiroaki , Keitoku Miho , Fukuoka Masatsune , Sagawa Norimasa , Mori Takahide , Togashi Kaori 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe encountered in a woman at the 28th day after cesarean delivery the transient appearance of a uterine cervical mass with a prominent blood flow, that was revealed to be an acquired arteriovenous fistula. The size and blood flow of the mass were monitored using transvaginal color Doppler scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on these findings, the arteriovenous fistula was managed conservatively Without any adverse complications.
Tropical forests are not flat: how mountains affect herbivore diversity
Authors: Rodríguez‐Castañeda Genoveva , Dyer Lee A. , Brehm Gunnar , Connahs Heidi , Forkner Rebecca E. , Walla Thomas R. 
Published: August 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1348–1357AbstractEcologists debate whether tropical insect diversity is better explained by higher plant diversity or by host plant species specialization. However, plant–herbivore studies are primarily based in lowland rainforests (RF) thus excluding topographical effects on biodiversity. We examined turnover in Eois (Geometridae) communities across elevation by studying elevational transects in Costa Rica and Ecuador. We found four distinct Eois communities existing across the elevational gradients. Herbivore diversity was highest in montane forests (MF), whereas host plant diversity was highest in lowland RF. This was correlated with higher specialization and species richness of Eois/host plant species we found in MF. Based on these relationships, Neotropical Eois richness was estimated to range from 313 (only lowland RF considered) to 2034 (considering variation with elevation). We conclude that tropical herbivore diversity and diet breadth covary significantly with elevation and urge the inclusion of montane ecosystems in host specialization and arthropod diversity estimates.
Laparoendoscopic single‐site pyeloplasty: a comparison with the standard laparoscopic technique
Authors: Stein Robert J. , Berger Andre K. , Brandina Ricardo , Patel Neil S. , Canes David , Irwin Brian H. , Aron Monish , Autorino Riccardo , Shah Gaurang , Desai Mihir M. 
Published: August 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS) is a novel technique for performing a variety of procedures including Urological upper tract reconstructive surgery. As of now few studies have compared perioperative factors and outcomes between LESS and standard laparoscopic or robotic approaches. In this comparison between LESS and standard laparoscopic pyeloplasty we identified no significant differences in terms of narcotic requirements, quality of life indicators, and outcomes although prospective evaluation is needed.OBJECTIVE• To compare laparoendoscopic single‐site (LESS) and standard laparoscopic pyeloplasty procedures with the aim of defining whether perioperative, recovery or health‐related quality of life (HRQL) benefits exist for the LESS procedure.PATIENTS AND METHODS• From November 2007 to August 2008, sixteen patients underwent LESS pyeloplasty at a tertiary care referral centre. These patients were compared with a matched cohort of patients undergoing standard laparoscopic pyeloplasty.• Matching criteria included gender and age (within 10 years), as well as preoperative degree of obstruction (T½ within 15 min) and differential renal function (within 10% ipsilaterally) based on diuretic radionuclide scanning. Mean follow‐up was 13 ± 4 months for the LESS group and 17 ± 3 months for the standard laparoscopic group.• LESS pyeloplasty procedures were all performed using a single‐port device in the umbilicus and suturing was assisted with a 2‐mm grasping instrument. Perioperative variables, successful relief of obstruction and HRQL measurements were compared between the two groups.RESULTS• Except for a lower body mass index in the LESS group (23 ± 6 kg/m2 vs 30 ± 7 kg/m2, P= 0.002), no difference was noted for perioperative variables between the two cohorts, including hospital stay and analgesic requirement.• No significant HRQL advantage was noted for either group based on a six‐item non‐validated questionnaire.• All patients in both groups experienced clinical resolution of their symptoms. A patient in the standard laparoscopy group and two patients in the LESS group had T½ > 20 min (0.063% vs 0.125%, P= 1.00) on diuretic radionuclide scanning.• Limitations include the retrospective nature of the present study, as well as the relatively small study population and short follow‐up.CONCLUSIONS• No benefit was noted for LESS pyeloplasty over the standard laparoscopic procedure beyond aesthetic advantages.• Further comparisons are needed to determine whether these results are generalizable to other LESS procedures.
The consequences of using different measures of mean abundance to characterize the abundance–occupancy relationship
Authors: Wilson Peter D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAim  To investigate the influence of choice of the measure of mean abundance on the abundance–occupancy relationship, and to examine the implications for identifying causal mechanisms.Innovation  Simulations were performed to generate stochastic abundance–occupancy data sets covering a wide range of scenarios representative of empirical abundance–occupancy data. Two common measures of mean abundance were used: local mean abundance (mean abundance calculated using only data from occupied sites) and global mean abundance (mean abundance calculated using all sites or samples). I found that the choice of mean abundance measure had a strong effect on the correlation between abundance and occupancy. Local mean abundance was associated with a high proportion of negative correlations (mean percentage of negative correlations across 24 simulations = 44.39), while global mean abundance was strongly associated with positive correlations (mean percentage of negative correlations across 24 simulations = 0.02).Main conclusions  The choice of abundance measure influences the correlation between abundance and occupancy. Negative correlations between local mean abundance and occupancy are an inherent and unavoidable consequence of using this measure of abundance. Efforts to identify causal mechanisms that give rise to the abundance–occupancy relationship have attempted to explain occasional negative correlations when the expectation was for positive correlations. This study shows that negative correlations arise from the choice of mean abundance measure and that this artefact confounds efforts to identify ecological causal mechanisms.
Influences of 20th‐century warming at the upper tree line contingent on local‐scale interactions: evidence from a latitudinal gradient in the Rocky Mountains, USA
Authors: Elliott Grant P. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAims Twentieth‐century climate, the spatial pattern of tree establishment and positive feedback influence upper tree line ecotones. Here, I investigate how these factors interact to gain a more holistic understanding of how broad‐scale abiotic and local‐scale site conditions regulate tree establishment within upper tree line ecotones.Location A latitudinal gradient (c. 35–45° N) in the US Rocky Mountains. Study sites (n= 22) were located in the Bighorn (BH), Medicine Bow (MB), Front Range (FR) and Sangre de Cristo (SDC) mountain ranges.Methods Dendroecological techniques were used to reconstruct tree establishment dates that were compared with 20th‐century climate data using correlation and regime shift analyses. Spatial patterns of tree establishment were analysed by Ripley'sKand used to determine local‐scale interactions capable of ameliorating broad‐scale climate inputs through positive feedback.Results Significant correlations (P< 0.01) between tree establishment and climate were confined to the FR, where a positive correlation was found with summer (June–August) and cool season (November–April) temperature range (Tmax−Tmin). These trees were almost exclusively situated in a random spatial pattern. Similar patterns exist in the BH, yet their establishment was contingent on the availability of local shelter in the lee of boulders. Trees in the MB and SDC were primarily clustered in space and had no significant correlations with climate. Considerable lag times exist between regime shift changes in climate towards more favourable growing conditions and corresponding shifts in tree establishment in all mountain ranges except the FR, where synchronous shifts occurred in the early 1950s.Main conclusions These results suggest that the influence of broad‐scale climate on upper tree line dynamics is contingent on the local‐scale spatial patterns of tree establishment and related influences of positive feedback. This research has important implications for understanding how vegetation communities will respond to global climate change.
No biogeographical pattern for a root‐associated fungal species complex
Authors: Queloz Valentin , Sieber Thomas N. , Holdenrieder Ottmar , McDonald Bruce A. , Grünig Christoph R. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAim  The biogeography of microbes is poorly understood and there is an open debate regarding if and how microbial biodiversity is structured. At the beginning of the 20th century, Baas Becking laid the foundations for the biogeography of microbes by stating that ‘Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects’ (the EisE hypothesis). This hypothesis remained dogma for almost a century. However, the recognition that microbial ‘species’ are often assemblages of reproductively isolated lineages challenged the EisE hypothesis, leading to the now common assumption that microbial communities possess cryptic biogeographic structures. We tested the presence of a cryptic biogeographical structure for a well‐characterized fungal species complex (the Phialocephala fortinii s.l.–Acephala applanata species complex, PAC) using precise molecular species resolution. In addition, we analysed factors that could govern PAC community assembling.Locations  Forty‐four study sites in temperate and boreal forests across the Northern Hemisphere were included.Methods  (1) The distance–decay relationship among PAC communities was calculated and a resampling procedure was applied to analyse the effect of sampling intensity and geographic distances among PAC communities. (2) Factors shaping PAC communities (e.g. climatic factors and tree species composition) were studied. (3) We tested PAC communities for random composition.Results  We found that the similarity of species assemblages did not decrease with increasing geographical distance. Moreover, species diversity did not increase by expanding the area sampled. Instead, species diversity increased by increasing the sampling effort. Community composition correlated neither with tree species composition nor climate, and no association among species was observed.Main conclusions  We could not discover any cryptic biogeographic structure even after applying refined species assignment but we demonstrate the importance of sampling effort for understanding the biogeography of microorganisms. Moreover, we show that primarily stochastic effects are responsible for the species composition of PAC communities.
Accounting Information in the Market for Debt
Authors: Whittred Greg , Zimmer Ian 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:This paper surveys trust deeds supporting listed public debt issues by Australian industrial and commercial companies. It provides evidence on the restrictive covenants and the accounting rules negotiated therein. The survey indicates cross‐sectional variation in the covenants/rules which is related to the nature of the debt. The paper also compares the negotiated rules with mandated accounting standards. As in the U.S. the effect of the negotiated accounting rules is, generally, to reduce management's ability to relax constrictive covenants.
Synergistic metabolism in hybrid corn indicates bottlenecks in the carotenoid pathway and leads to the accumulation of extraordinary levels of the nutritionally important carotenoid zeaxanthin
Authors: Naqvi Shaista , Zhu Changfu , Farre Gemma , Sandmann Gerhard , Capell Teresa , Christou Paul 
Published: August 2010

SummaryLutein and zeaxanthin cannot be synthesized de novo in humans, and although lutein is abundant in fruit and vegetables, good dietary sources of zeaxanthin are scarce. Certain corn varieties provide adequate amounts because the ratio of endosperm β : ε lycopene cyclase activity favours the β‐carotene/zeaxanthin branch of the carotenoid pathway. We previously described a transgenic corn line expressing the early enzymes in the pathway (including lycopene β‐cyclase) and therefore accumulating extraordinary levels of β‐carotene. Here, we demonstrate that introgressing the transgenic mini‐pathway into wild‐type yellow endosperm varieties gives rise to hybrids in which the β : ε ratio is altered additively. Where the β : ε ratio in the genetic background is high, introgression of the mini‐pathway allows zeaxanthin production at an unprecedented 56 μg/g dry weight. This result shows that metabolic synergy between endogenous and heterologous pathways can be used to enhance the levels of nutritionally important metabolites.