bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible association of primary open-angle glaucoma with thyroid dysfunction and oxidative stress
Authors: Abdel Hamid Mona A. , Fahmy Iman A. , Ghaffar Amany Abdel , Mahmoud Soheir A. , ElHossary Ghada G. , Kenawy Mahmoud M. , Moemen Leqaa A. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Thyroid dysfunction and oxidative stress can be associated with POAG.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine whether thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism) is associated with glaucoma in Egyptian patients and to evaluate the level of oxidative stress (OS) markers in the serum of POAG patients. It also aimed to investigate the relationship between the OS markers and thyroid hormones in those patients.

Patients and methods
The study included 60 patients with POAG who were compared with 20 normal controls. Serum samples from the POAG patients and controls were examined for thyroid hormones [triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)] using the ELISA technique. The OS markers [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH)] were also determined using colorimetric methods.

Results
There were no significant differences in the levels of T4 and TSH in the patients (3.14±2.25 ng/dl and 2.43±1.37 u/l, respectively) compared with the controls (3.35±1.88 ng/dl and 1.76±0.99 u/l, respectively) (P=0.245 and 0.064, respectively). However, there was a significant decrease in the T3 level in the POAG patients (2.88±0.54 pg/ml) compared with the controls (3.35±0.6 pg/ml) (P=0.029). In addition, there was a significant increase in the levels of H2O2 (2.83±1.66 mM/l), NO (54.64±29.21 umol/l), and MDA (164.12±96.5 nmol/ml) in the patients compared with the controls (0.83±0.55 mMol/l, 22.49±6.37 umol/l, and 44.36±12.59 nmol/ml, respectively) (P<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in the level of GSH in patients (54.32±32.1 mg/dl) compared with controls (103.99±45.52 mg/dl), (P<0.001). A significant negative correlation was detected between TSH and T4 (r=−0.41, P= 0.001), TSH and MDA (r=−0.27, P=0.04), T3 and H2O2 (r=−0.05, P=0.05), and T4 and NO (r=−0.35, P=0.01).

Conclusion
There was no association between POAG and thyroid dysfunction. However, the POAG patients are susceptible to OS and damage, as they had elevated serum levels of H2O2, NO, and MDA and reduced levels of GSH. Since the thyroid hormone level was associated with the OS markers, antioxidant therapy may be beneficial and may help to regulate the intraocular pressure and protect the trabecular meshwork cells from OS in those patients.
Pentraxin-3 is Associated with Adverse Diastolic Remodeling in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction after Successful Reperfusion by Primary Percutaneous Intervention
Authors: Somuncu Mustafa Umut , Tatar Fatih Pasa , Serbest Nail Guven , Uygur Begum , Demir Ali Riza 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Determinants of adverse diastolic remodeling in ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) after successful revascularization are not well established. Besides, the relationship between Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) and diastolic function deterioration is unknown. This study hypothesizes that PTX-3 level would be associated with diastolic remodeling.

Materials and Methods:
Ninety-eight STEMI patients were included in our study. Echocardiography was performed before and 12–18 weeks after discharge. Two groups were generated according to the PTX-3 value, and the follow-up/baseline echocardiographic parameters were compared. Diastolic adverse remodeling was accepted as a persistent restrictive filling pattern or an increase in at least one grade of diastolic dysfunction. The independent predictors of diastolic adverse remodeling were investigated.

Results:
Adverse diastolic remodeling was detected in 19.3% of patients. High left ventricular mass index (odds ratio [OR]: 1.096, confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.023–1.174, P = 0.009), high PTX-3 (OR: 1.005, CI 95%: 1.001–1.009, P = 0.024), and failing to achieve thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow 3 after percutaneous coronary intervention (OR: 6.196, CI 95%: 1.370–28.023, P = 0.005) were determined as independent predictors of adverse diastolic remodeling. The ratio of follow-up/baseline left atrial volume index was higher in the high PTX-3 group (1.15 vs. 1.05, P = 0.029). Moreover, being in the high PTX-3 group predicted adverse diastolic remodeling at 7.4 times.

Conclusion:
Higher PTX-3 level is associated with adverse diastolic remodeling in STEMI patients.
A Highly Robust Medical Image Watermarking Method for Medical Real-time Applications
Authors: Mehrabi Mahdi , Zarei Vahdi , Ghanbari Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Watermarking such as other security concepts is an ongoing challenging research issue, especially for medical images, to protect patient privacy. Medical images need to be shared and transferred between hospitals and specialists as quickly as possible for better diagnosis. Fast and simple watermarking is needed as well as the robust transferring of channel noise, such as salt and pepper noise and robust cropping that may occur from specialists and signature encryption for patient privacy.

Methods:
In this article, a highly robust and simple watermarking method is introduced. The proposed method has very low computational complexity and at the same time, it is very robust to interference and uses simple computations such as (XORs) Exclusive ORs and rotations that can be done in real-time. The proposed method uses a combination of hidden neighboring signature information, Sudoku permutation, and noise pre-processing to achieve high robustness against salt and pepper noise and cropping. Simple signature encryption is also used.

Results:
The proposed method is examined in different medical image datasets. The experimental results indicate the proposed watermarking system is robust to salt and pepper noise density of up to 90% and about 70% cropping. The number of computations including encryption is five XOR per pixel and a rotation per block of signature size.

Conclusion:
A novel method for medical image watermarking is presented. The proposed method is in the spatial domain, has encryption, and uses only XOR computation. The proposed method is highly robust to noise and cropping which is necessary for medical uses. The proposed method can be used efficiently for real-time watermarking for medical and nonmedical image datasets.
Aptamer-Based Magnetic Nanoprobe for Quantitative Measurement of Chloramphenicol in Milk through Portable Reader
Authors: Marofi Hossein , Rafati Adele , Gill Pooria 
Published: June 2024

Background:
We described here an aptamer-based magnetic nanoprobe for measuring the amount of chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk.

Methods:
The nanoprobe presented in this method consists of a magnetic nanoparticle conjugated to a specific CAP aptamer. If the target is detected in the sample, the nanoprobe binds to it, and the aptamer forms a G-quadruplex structure. This structure mimics the peroxidase activity in the presence of the hemin cofactor. If tetramethylbenzidine is added to the sample containing the nanoprobe, a blue color light is observed. After adding a stop reagent solution, the color produced is measured by a microplate reader and a portable meter.

Results:
This study proves a 99% positive linear relationship between the microplate reader's results and the portable meter results.

Conclusion:
Conjugation of the aptamer to magnetic nanoparticles and applying magnetic separation operations change the nanoprobe performance by 11% for both mentioned devices.
Assessing Muscle Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis using the Sample Entropy of Electromyographic Signals
Authors: Gomez-Hernández Marina , Olaya-Mira Natali , Viloria-Barragán Carolina , Henao-Pérez Julieta , Rojas-Mora Jessica María , Díaz-Londoño Gloria 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Its symptoms vary greatly, which makes its diagnosis complex, expensive, and time-consuming. One of its most prevalent symptoms is muscle fatigue. It occurs in about 92% of patients with MS (PwMS) and is defined as a decrease in maximal strength or energy production in response to contractile activity. This article aims to compare the behavior of a healthy control (HC) with that of a patient with MS before and after muscle fatigue.

Methods:
For this purpose, a static baropodometric test and a dynamic electromyographic analysis are performed to calculate the area of the stabilometric ellipse, the remitting MS (RMS) value, and the sample entropy (SampEn) of the signals, as a proof of concept to explore the feasibility of this test in the muscle fatigue quantitative analysis; in addition, the statistical analysis was realized to verify the results.

Results:
According to the results, the ellipse area increased in the presence of muscle fatigue, indicating a decrease in postural stability. Likewise, the RMS value increased in the MS patient and decreased in the HC subject and the opposite behavior in the SampEn was observed in the presence of muscle fatigue.

Conclusion:
Thus, this study demonstrates that SampEn is a viable parameter to estimate muscle fatigue in PwMS and other neuromuscular diseases.
Evaluating the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix-Based Texture Features of Magnetic Resonance Images for Glioblastoma Multiform Patients’ Treatment Response Assessment
Authors: Alibabaei Sanaz , Rahmani Masoumeh , Tahmasbi Marziyeh , Tahmasebi Birgani Mohammad Javad , Razmjoo Sasan 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Medical images of cancer patients are usually evaluated qualitatively by clinical specialists which makes the accuracy of the diagnosis subjective and related to the skills of clinicians. Quantitative methods based on the textural feature analysis may be useful to facilitate such evaluations. This study aimed to analyze the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)-based texture features extracted from T1-axial magnetic resonance (MR) images of glioblastoma multiform (GBM) patients to determine the distinctive features specific to treatment response or disease progression.

Methods:
20 GLCM-based texture features, in addition to mean, standard deviation, entropy, RMS, kurtosis, and skewness were extracted from step I MR images (obtained 72 h after surgery) and step II MR images (obtained three months later). Responded and not responded patients to treatment were classified manually based on the radiological evaluation of step II images. Extracted texture features from Step I and Step II images were analyzed to determine the distinctive features for each group of responsive or progressive diseases. MATLAB 2020 was applied to feature extraction. SPSS version 26 was used for the statistical analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Despite no statistically significant differences between Step I texture features for two considered groups, almost all step II extracted GLCM-based texture features in addition to entropy M and skewness were significantly different between responsive and progressive disease groups.

Conclusions:
GLCM-based texture features extracted from MR images of GBM patients can be used with automatic algorithms for the expeditious prediction or interpretation of response to the treatment quantitatively besides qualitative evaluations.
An Emotion Recognition Embedded System using a Lightweight Deep Learning Model
Authors: Bazargani Mehdi , Tahmasebi Amir , Yazdchi Mohammadreza , Baharlouei Zahra 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Diagnosing emotional states would improve human-computer interaction (HCI) systems to be more effective in practice. Correlations between Electroencephalography (EEG) signals and emotions have been shown in various research; therefore, EEG signal-based methods are the most accurate and informative.

Methods:
In this study, three Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, EEGNet, ShallowConvNet and DeepConvNet, which are appropriate for processing EEG signals, are applied to diagnose emotions. We use baseline removal preprocessing to improve classification accuracy. Each network is assessed in two setting ways: subject-dependent and subject-independent. We improve the selected CNN model to be lightweight and implementable on a Raspberry Pi processor. The emotional states are recognized for every three-second epoch of received signals on the embedded system, which can be applied in real-time usage in practice.

Results:
Average classification accuracies of 99.10% in the valence and 99.20% in the arousal for subject-dependent and 90.76% in the valence and 90.94% in the arousal for subject independent were achieved on the well-known DEAP dataset.

Conclusion:
Comparison of the results with the related works shows that a highly accurate and implementable model has been achieved for practice.
Risk Factors for Uncorrected Refractive Error
Authors: Soleimani Mohammadreza , Saberzadeh-Ardestani Bahar , Hakimi Hamid , Fotouhi Akbar , Alipour Fateme , Jafari Fatemeh , Lashay Alireza , Hashemi Hassan 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To determine the prevalence of visually significant uncorrected refractive error (URE) in Rafsanjan and investigate the related factors. URE is the leading cause of visual impairment (VI) which causes the second-highest number of years lived with disability. The URE is a preventable health problem.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study participants from Rafsanjan who were 35–70 years were enrolled between 2014 and 2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics data were gathered, and eye examination was performed. Visually significant URE was defined as present if habitual visual acuity was (HVA; visual acuity with present optical correction) >0.3 logMAR in the best eye and the visual acuity of that eye showed >0.2 logMAR improvement after the best correction. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between predicting variables (age, sex, wealth, education, employment, diabetes, cataract, and refractive error characteristics) and outcome (URE).

Results:
Among the 6991 participants of Rafsanjan subcohort of the Persian Eye Cohort, 311 (4.4%) had a visually significant URE. Diabetes was significantly more prevalent in the participants with visually significant URE, at 18.7% versus 13.1% in patients without significant URE (P = 0.004). In the final model, each year of increase in age was associated with 3% higher URE (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.05). In comparison to low hyperopia, participants with low myopia had 5.17 times more odds of visually significant URE (95% CI: 3.38–7.93). However, antimetropia decreased the risk of visually significant URE (95% CI: 0.02–0.37).

Conclusion:
Policymakers should pay special attention to elderly patients with myopia to effectively reduce the prevalence of visually significant URE.
Pulsatile Ocular Blood Flow Registered with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with High Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Maltsev Dmitrii S. , Kulikov Alexei N. , Burnasheva Maria A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To present a series of cases demonstrating pulsatile ocular blood flow registered with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to describe the clinical characteristics of this phenomenon.

Methods:
Seven primary open-angle glaucoma patients (eight eyes) were included, with a median age of 67.0 years (range, 39–73 years), who demonstrated alternating hypointense bands of OCTA flow signal on the macular scan at increased intraocular pressure (IOP). All patients received comprehensive ophthalmic examination, OCTA examination with RTVue-XR, and infrared video scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Changes in retinal microcirculation were assessed on the raw OCTA scans as well as the resultant vessel density maps before and after IOP reduction.

Results:
Median IOP in study eyes was 39.0 mmHg (range, 36–58 mmHg). Hypointense bands of OCTA flow signal were associated with arterial pulsation on video scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in all eyes and agreed with the heart rate and resulted in a spotted grid pattern of hypoperfusion on vessel density maps in seven eyes. Median vessel density in superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus was 32.4% and 47.2%, respectively, at high IOP, and increased statistically significantly to 36.5% (P = 0.016) and 50.9% (P = 0.016), respectively, after IOP reduction.

Conclusions:
Alternating hypointense flow signal bands on OCTA scans are possibly caused by the pulsatile character of retinal blood flow during the cardiac cycle in eyes with high IOP and may reflect the imbalance between IOP and perfusion pressure. This phenomenon is responsible for the reversible decrease of vessel density at high IOP.
Efficacy and Safety of Cataract Surgery-Assisted Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: A Pilot Study
Authors: Maltsev Dmitrii S. , Kulikov Alexei N. , Kazak Alina A. , Burnasheva Maria A. , Vasiliev Alexander A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect and safety of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) with same-day cataract surgery which we named cataract surgery-assisted selective laser trabeculoplasty (CAST) compared to conventional SLT and cataract surgery as standalone procedures.

Methods:
Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and cataract were included in this prospective interventional study. All patients received either a CAST procedure, standard SLT, or standard cataract surgery. IOP was assessed at baseline and at months 1, 2, 3, and 6. Topical IOP-lowering medication was canceled during the follow-up if necessary.

Results:
Twenty-nine, twenty-seven, and thirty eyes received the CAST procedure, SLT, and standard cataract surgery, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in age, male-to-female ratio, or baseline IOP between groups (P > 0.05). The mean IOP reduction at 6 months after the CAST procedure, SLT, and standard cataract surgery was −7.3 ± 3.8 mmHg, −3.8 ± 3.7 mmHg, and −0.7 ± 3.7 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.001). Eleven out of 29 (37.9%) and 5 out of 27 (18.5%) eyes achieved 30% reduction of IOP after the CAST procedure and SLT, respectively. No eyes achieved 30% reduction of IOP at the end of the follow-up in cataract surgery group. The median number of IOP-lowering medications cancelled after the CAST procedure was 1.0 (range, 0–3). No antiglaucoma medication was cancelled after SLT or cataract surgery. No adverse events were registered in patients who received the CAST procedure.

Conclusion:
At 6-month follow-up, the CAST procedure had a significantly greater IOP-lowering effect and reduction of topical antiglaucoma medication than SLT or cataract surgery alone.
Globe Rupture Secondary to a Spontaneous Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage in a Blind Glaucomatous Eye: A Case Report
Authors: Patil Nikhil S. , Hanna Najib-Georges , Khan Yasser 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To report a rare case of globe rupture following a spontaneous expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage without a predisposing event.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 40-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of episodic eye pain, likely associated with uncontrolled glaucoma, and a spontaneous clot exuding from his right eye without a predisposing event. Notably, the patient had a remote past ocular history of posttraumatic glaucoma and untreated retinal detachment from childhood. He underwent uncomplicated evisceration of the right eye with polymethyl methacrylate implantation.

Conclusions:
Spontaneous expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage without a predisposing event is an exceedingly rare phenomenon, with only six previously reported cases. It is possible that eyes with a history of trauma, possibly diseased eyewalls, and eyes with high intraocular pressure may be the most susceptible to spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage and consequent globe rupture.
Medial Rectus Plication in the Management of Dissociated Horizontal Deviation
Authors: Kiarudi Mohammad Yaser , Tafaghodi Bahar , Sabermoghadm Aliakbar , Es’haghi Acieh , Ghavami Shahri Seyed Hosein 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To report a case of medial rectus plication for the management of dissociated horizontal deviation (DHD).

Methods:
We introduce medial rectus plication for improving the control of exoshift of DHD.

Results:
A 20-year-old woman with a chief complaint of left eye outward deviation since childhood was referred to the strabismus clinic. The diagnosis of DHD was made according to the detection of asymmetric slow abduction of the left eye (50 prism diopter) during visual inattention or cover testing. The left lateral rectus (LR) was recessed 8 mm with a posterior fixation suture (PFS). In the early postoperative period, the control of DHD improved; however, after 6 months, the patient and her parents complained of frequent observation of the exoshift of the left eye (30 prism diopter). For better control of DHD, medial rectus plication (5 mm) of the left eye was considered the second operation. After 12 months of follow-up, the control of deviation improved, and there was no manifest deviation.

Conclusions:
The literature's recommended procedure for unilateral DHD without a duction deficit is to perform a unilateral LR muscle recession. Some authors have proposed adding PFS to augment the effect of LR recessions. Although recurrence may occur, medial rectus plication can be considered one of the reversible options and can be used in recurrences of DHD after the first surgical procedure.
Long COVID-19 “A Metabolic Sequela,” the New-Onset Diabetes among Cohorts Admitted at Tertiary Care Hospital, Hyderabad
Authors: Bala Sudha , Darivemula Surendra B , Muralidharan Shrikanth , Bandaru Rajiv K , Katkuri Sushma N , Singireddy Anesha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Long COVID is now being encountered by many individuals during this pandemic. It is best diagnosed by a history consistent with acute COVID-19 followed by a prolonged recovery.

Aim:
This study was undertaken to detect new-onset diabetes mellitus among COVID cohorts and their associated factors.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 152 COVID-19 patients admitted at ESIC medical college and hospital without a known history of diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Data were collected about sociodemographic variables, their symptoms at presentation, lifestyle determinants, and measurement of blood sugar by HbA1C for a period of 6 months follow-up with three readings (baseline, third month, and sixth month) using a predesigned and pre-tested questionnaire schedule.

Results:
Mean HbA1c was found to be 7.28 ± 2.09 at the third reading with new-onset diabetes mellitus development among 38 (25%). There was a positive correlation between age and mean HbA1c measurement on follow-up. Significant risk factors were the presence of comorbidities OR = 15.23 (4.42–22.46), sedentary lifestyle 6.14 (1.39–9.11), tobacco usage 6.80 (2.63–14.55), symptomatic COVID-19 presentation 2.43 (1.11–5.41), alcohol usage 2.11 (0.99–4.49) and extra physical activity 1.72 (0.66–2.32).

Conclusions:
There was a quarter of patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus in the present study. This will help us to identify the risk factors of this sequela at the earliest for initiating preventive strategies at the primary care level.