bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Methodology to Assess Directional and Spatial Variations of Tensile and Fracture Properties in Fabricated Nuclear Components
Authors: Vanapalli Viswa Teja , Dutta B. K. , Chattopadhyay J. , Samal M. K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the present study, directional and spatial variations in the mechanical properties are calculated in two nuclear-grade materials. In practice, multiple ASTM standard specimens are tested to measure mechanical properties of any material. The variations obtained in the properties during the tests are generally neglected assuming such variations are due to experimental uncertainties. However, such variations may indicate some degree of anisotropy and spatial inhomogeneity in the material due to component fabrication. In the present study, multiple miniaturized tensile specimens are tested. These specimen materials are taken across the thickness and at different geometrical locations in the two manufactured nuclear-grade components. The experimental load versus displacement data of all the specimens are then used to evaluate stress-strain data and cohesive zone parameters. These parameters are determined for each tested specimen separately to gather variations over the geometries of the components. Subsequently, TPB specimens are analyzed employing these parameters to calculate variations in fracture initiation toughness over the geometry. The key findings of the present work include higher strengths in circumferential direction in comparison to the longitudinal direction for SA333 Gr6 steel. A new equation is developed to correlate the material toughness with the fracture toughness with a proportionality constant of 2.7778 for low-alloy carbon steels. The study showed that directional and spatial variations in Jini are less pronounced in 20MnMoNi55 compared to SA333Gr6 materials. This finding is crucial for safety analyses in nuclear components and indicates that this methodology can be applied more widely across different materials.
From Pixels to Principles: A Decade of Progress and Landscape in Trustworthy Computer Vision
Authors: Huang Kexin , Teng Yan , Chen Yang , Wang Yingchun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of computer vision technologies and applications has brought forth a range of social and ethical challenges. Due to the unique characteristics of visual technology in terms of data modalities and application scenarios, computer vision poses specific ethical issues. However, the majority of existing literature either addresses artificial intelligence as a whole or pays particular attention to natural language processing, leaving a gap in specialized research on ethical issues and systematic solutions in the field of computer vision. This paper utilizes bibliometrics and text-mining techniques to quantitatively analyze papers from prominent academic conferences in computer vision over the past decade. It first reveals the developing trends and specific distribution of attention regarding trustworthy aspects in the computer vision field, as well as the inherent connections between ethical dimensions and different stages of visual model development. A life-cycle framework regarding trustworthy computer vision is then presented by making the relevant trustworthy issues, the operation pipeline of AI models, and viable technical solutions interconnected, providing researchers and policymakers with references and guidance for achieving trustworthy CV. Finally, it discusses particular motivations for conducting trustworthy practices and underscores the consistency and ambivalence among various trustworthy principles and technical attributes.
Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS): a new approach for IFC to CityJSON conversion
Authors: Şenol Halil İbrahim , Gökgöz Türkay 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWithin the contemporary urban development discourse, the paradigm of smart cities has gained prominence over the past two decades. Ensuring sustainability in smart cities requires coherent orchestration of processes that span design, construction, operations, and management. Central to this orchestration are technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), which provides detailed architectural data, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which provide comprehensive geographic intelligence. However, a significant challenge remains: data degradation during BIM-GIS integration. This data inconsistency, exacerbated by the different data structures of BIM and GIS, is a barrier to true interoperability. One promising solution to this conundrum is the use of Semantic Web technologies. In this study, we leverage Semantic Linked Data and geometric conversion tools to develop an algorithm that mitigates the loss of semantic information during the BIM-to-GIS conversion process. The effectiveness of this approach is underscored by a 95% accuracy rate of the converted semantic information.
An update on the molecular mechanisms of ZFAS1 as a prognostic, diagnostic, or therapeutic biomarker in cancers
Authors: Mehrab Mohseni Mahdieh , Zamani Hedyeh , Momeni Mina , Shirvani-Farsani Zeinab 
Published: June 2024

AbstractZinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1), a newly discovered long noncoding RNA, is expressed in various tissues and organs and has been introduced an oncogenic gene in human malignancies. In various cancers, ZFAS1 regulates apoptosis, cell proliferation, the cell cycle, migration, translation, rRNA processing, and spliceosomal snRNP assembly; targets signaling cascades; and interacts with transcription factors via binding to key proteins and miRNAs, with conflicting findings on its effect on these processes. ZFAS1 is elevated in different types of cancer, like colorectal, colon, osteosarcoma, and gastric cancer. Considering the ZFAS1 expression pattern, it also has the potential to be a diagnostic or prognostic marker in various cancers. The current review discusses the mode of action of ZFAS1 in various human cancers and its regulation function related to chemoresistance comprehensively, as well as the potential role of ZFAS1 as an effective and noninvasive cancer-specific biomarker in tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We expected that the current review could fill the current scientific gaps in the ZFAS1-related cancer causative mechanisms and improve available biomarkers.
The quest for a sustainable industry: mining, path dependency and post-carbon regime in the European Arctic
Authors: Vidal Florian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe goal of the European Union’s Green Deal industrial plan is to achieve an ecological transition over the next three decades. This transition includes the electrification of energy and transport systems. Achieving such a transformation requires access to critical raw materials for the technologies that will enable the post-carbon transition of European societies. In this context, the European Arctic (also referred to as the Barents region) is seen as a key asset that can contribute to the EU’s green plan, in particular due to its high potential for mineral resources. Since the 19th century, Europe’s northernmost regions have developed a long tradition of mining activities (e.g., Swedish iron ore, which has been mined by LKAB). Fennoscandia’s mineral potential opens up new prospects for the industry. However, fundamental challenges lie ahead, such as the impact of climate change, pollution management, and social acceptability. Although the Nordic countries have based the economic development of their northern regions on sustainable principles, the concept of sustainable mining and its operational implementation have their shortcomings, such as sustained land use conflicts with the Sámi people. In addition, the possibility of missing some key governance linkages may lead to new path dependencies due to a lack of a systemic vision. Once these issues are addressed, the Nordic mining industry could spearhead this defining process for Europe’s ecological transition.
Association between screen time and self-reported balance disorders in middle-aged and older adults: national health and nutrition examination survey
Authors: Fu Minjun , Zhang Lingju , Zhao Xiaoyu , Lv Zhijun , Tang Pei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Balance disorders can give rise to sensations of instability, lightheadedness, vertigo, disequilibrium, or syncope, ultimately leading to grave medical, physical, emotional, and societal ramifications. These conditions are highly prevalent among individuals aged 40 and above. Screen time encompasses activities associated with television viewing, video game playing, and non-work-related computer usage. Prolonged screen exposure may engender a spectrum of health issues and even elevate overall mortality rates. However, the available evidence on the potential link between excessive screen time and balance dysfunction remains limited.

Aims
The primary aim of this study was to explore the possible association between prolonged screen exposure and impaired balance function.

Methods
This cross-sectional study utilized data from participants who completed a comprehensive questionnaire in the NHANES database between 1999 and 2002, all of whom were aged over 40 and under 85 years. Participants’ screen time was categorized into two groups (< 4 h/d and  ≥4 h/d) for subsequent data analysis. Logistic regression, combined with propensity score matching (PSM), was employed to investigate the correlation between screen time and balance disorders.

Results
A total of 5176 participants were enrolled in this study, comprising 2,586 men and 2,590 women, with a prevalence rate of balance disorders at 25.7% (1331/5176). The incidence of balance disorders was found to be significantly higher among individuals who spent 4 hours or more per day on screen time compared to those with less screen time (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis conducted on the unmatched cohort revealed a significant association between screen time and balance disorders, with an odds ratio (OR) 1.8 (95%CI 1.57 ∼ 2.05). These findings remained consistent even after adjusting for confounding factors, yielding an OR 1.43 (95%CI 1.24 ∼ 1.66). Moreover, the association persisted when employing various multivariate analyses such as propensity score matching adjusted model, standardized mortality ratio weighting model and pairwise algorithmic model; all resulting in ORs ranging from 1.38 to 1.43 and p-values < 0.001.

Conclusions
After controlling for all covariates, screen time (watching TV, playing video games, and using computers outside of work) was associated with balance dysfunction among middle-aged and older adults. This finding may offer a possible idea for the prevention of dizziness and balance disorders. Nevertheless, additional research is imperative to further validate these results.
The EPICOVID19-BS study: a web-based epidemiological survey in bariatric patients
Authors: Prinelli F. , Adorni F. , Giovanelli A. , Ravelli M. , Ceresoli S. , Asteria C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the occurrence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19, frequency of symptoms, clinical manifestations and behaviours in a sample of patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS).

Methods
The EPICOVID19-BS is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in Italy during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2021-February 2022). Patients with severe/extreme obesity undergoing BS were asked to complete an online multiple-choice questionnaire and to provide additional clinical information and blood biochemistry. Positive COVID-19 cases were defined by the combination of positive nasopharyngeal swab test results and/or positive serological test results. Sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics were compared between positive and negative COVID-19 cases.

Results
A total of 745 participants were enrolled (mean age 44.5 ± 10.5 years SD, 78% female). The proportion of positive COVID-19 cases was 20.4%. They were more likely to be health care workers, to have close contacts with confirmed cases, to use anti-inflammatory drugs, to have immune system disorders, to have previous CMV infection, to have lower cholesterol levels and to have less metabolic syndrome than negative cases. Infected participants significantly increased their use of national health resources for minor health problems. The majority of participants experienced flu-like symptoms and taste and smell disturbances. Only 9.6% were hospitalised and none required intubation.

Conclusions
Our results seem to support the evidence that patients undergoing BS have a low rate of severe SARS-CoV2. Further longitudinal studies in multiple obesity treatment centres are needed to more effectively monitor and control obesity in this specific population.

Graphical Abstract
Comparing STEM and Non-STEM Teachers’ Self-Efficacy in Multicultural Classrooms: Insights from TALIS 2018 U.S. Data
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Zhang Shaoan , Shi Qingmin , Shen Jinkun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDrawing on U.S. data from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018, this study first compared STEM and non-STEM teachers’ self-efficacy in multicultural classrooms (TSMC), then identified the factors related to TSMC for each group of teachers, and lastly explored the similarities and differences among the factors. Results from general linear model univariate analysis revealed that STEM teachers scored significantly lower in TSMC than their non-STEM counterparts. Results from multilevel modeling analysis indicated that gender and professional development needs were significant predictors of TSMC for both groups; factors such as initial teacher preparation, professional development topics, and school instructional leadership emerged as significant predictors only for non-STEM teachers. The implications and significance of these results were discussed.
Can Empathy and Compassion Activation Affect Adolescents’ Empathic Responses, Compassion, and Behavioral Intentions When Witnessing Bullying?
Authors: Steinvik Henriette R. , Duffy Amanda L. , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBullying remains a significant social problem among youth and many school interventions focus on increasing bystander defending in order to reduce bullying. In this study, we employed a between-groups experimental design to examine the differential effects of brief empathy and compassion activation on different bystander responses to bullying, including (1) empathic distress, empathic anger, compassion, and (2) intended bystander behaviors (i.e., passive bystanding, aggressive defending, and prosocial defending). Participants were 110 adolescents (Mage = 13.99, SD = 0.88, age range = 13–16 years; 49.1% females), randomly assigned to an experimental group that involved a 10-min visualization exercise that focused on increasing empathy [EM] or compassion [CM], or to an active control condition [FI]. Following the visualization exercise, students viewed four short bullying videos, followed by completing self-report measures of empathy-related responses and intended bystander behaviors. Analysis of variance [ANOVAs] revealed that adolescents in the CM condition reported less empathic distress and empathic anger in response to the bullying videos than the EM and FI groups. Yet, there were no further differential effects between the three conditions on responses to the bullying videos, which emphasizes the need for future research to assess more comprehensive interventions for increasing adolescents’ compassion and prosocial defending.
Deep learning for quadratic hedging in incomplete jump market
Authors: Agram Nacira , Øksendal Bernt , Rems Jan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe propose a deep learning approach to study the minimal variance pricing and hedging problem in an incomplete jump diffusion market. It is based on a rigorous stochastic calculus derivation of the optimal hedging portfolio, optimal option price, and the corresponding equivalent martingale measure through the means of the Stackelberg game approach. A deep learning algorithm based on the combination of the feed-forward and LSTM neural networks is tested on three different market models, two of which are incomplete. In contrast, the complete market Black–Scholes model serves as a benchmark for the algorithm’s performance. The results that indicate the algorithm’s good performance are presented and discussed. In particular, we apply our results to the special incomplete market model studied by Merton and give a detailed comparison between our results based on the minimal variance principle and the results obtained by Merton based on a different pricing principle. Using deep learning, we find that the minimal variance principle leads to typically higher option prices than those deduced from the Merton principle. On the other hand, the minimal variance principle leads to lower losses than the Merton principle.
How will early onset scoliosis surgery affect my child’s future as a young adult? A follow-up study using patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: Falkner Dmitri A. , Miller Kyle J. , Emans John B. , Thompson George H. , Smith John T. , Flynn Jack M. , Sawyer Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), this study was undertaken to determine how well patients with early onset scoliosis (EOS) fare in adulthood.

Methods
Among eight healthcare centers, 272 patients (≥ 18 years) surgically managed for EOS (≥ 5 years) completed the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22r, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-10 (FACIT-Dyspnea-10), and Short Form (SF)-12. Functional and demographic data were collected.

Results
The response rate was 40% (108/272). EOS etiologies were congenital (45%), neuromuscular (20%), idiopathic (20%) syndromic (11%), and unknown (4%). All patients scored within normal limits on the FACIT-Dyspnea-10 pulmonary (no breathing aids, 78%; no oxygen, 92%). SF-12 physical health scores and most SRS-22r domains were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) compared with normative values. SF-12 and SRS-22r mental health scores (MHS) were lower than normative values (p < 0.05 and p < 0.02, respectively). Physical health PROMs varied between etiologies. Treatment varied by etiology. Patients with congenital EOS were half as likely to undergo definitive fusion. There was no difference between EOS etiologies in SF-12 MHS, with t scores being slightly lower than normative peers.

Conclusion
Good long-term physical and social function and patient-reported quality of life were noted in surgically managed patients. Patients with idiopathic EOS physically outperformed those with other etiologies in objective and PROM categories but had similar MHS PROMs. Compared to normative values, EOS patients demonstrated decreased long-term physical capacity, slightly lower MHS, and preserved cardiopulmonary function.

Level of evidence
Level IV Case Series.
Responsibility before freedom: closing the responsibility gaps for autonomous machines
Authors: MirzaeiGhazi Shervin , Stenseke Jakob 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe introduction of autonomous machines (AMs) in human domains has raised challenging questions about the attribution of responsibility; referred to as the responsibility gap. In this paper, we address the gap by arguing that entities should not be granted the freedom of action unless they can also recognise the same right for others—and be subject to blame or punishment in cases of undermining the rights of others. Since AMs fail to meet this criterion, we argue that the users who utilize an AM to pursue their goals can instead grant the machine their (the user’s) right to act autonomously on their behalf. In this way, an AM’s right to act freely hinges on the user’s duty to recognise others’ right to be free. Since responsibility should be attributed before an entity is given the freedom to act, the responsibility gap only arises when we ignore the fact that AMs have no right of acting freely on their own. We also discuss some attractive features of the approach, address some potential objections, and compare our theory to existing proposals. We conclude by arguing that holding users responsible for the behaviour of AMs promotes a responsible use of AI while it indirectly motivates companies to make safer machines.
Just “Culture”? A qualitative study on stressors impacting surgical clerkship student learning and well-being
Authors: Bacon Daniel R. , Wang Theresa N. , Ackah Ruth , Ejaz Aslam , Traugott Amber , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Transition into the surgery clerkship is stressful and challenging for third-year medical students. We conducted this study to explore medical students’ learning stressors during the surgery clerkship which may diminish their learning and well-being. Findings will help to identify targets for future educational well-being interventions to enhance students’ preparedness to enter surgery clerkship.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with medical students who had completed their surgery clerkship in 2022 at a university-based hospital system using convenience sampling. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and de-identified. Investigators iteratively coded and analyzed transcripts using a framework method for emerging themes until reaching data saturation.

Results
We performed 17 interviews with medical students rotating on main campus and community sites from 2 consecutive clerkship cohorts. Each interview was approximately 30 min. Three dominant themes emerged regarding stressors that negatively influenced medical student learning and well-being: 1) expectation mismatch (e.g., student felt incompetent at driving a laparoscope and believed this was a skill she was expected to have), 2) exclusion from the team (e.g., perceiving that their questions are burdensome to the team, and 3) logistical challenges (e.g., where and when to arrive on the first day of clerkship or how to navigate the complexities of the operating room schedule).

Conclusion
Our study suggests three predominant stressor themes that may jeopardize medical student surgery clerkship learning and well-being. Interventions during clerkship orientation are recommended to establish expectations, clarify logistical confusion, and build a welcoming and supportive surgical culture to facilitate student integration within the medical team.