bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovering the Priority of Spiritual Experience: A Review of Elizabeth Dreyer's Holy Presence, Holy Power
Authors: Coulter Dale 
Published: October 2010

AbstractElizabeth Dreyer has made an important contribution to the issue surrounding the so-called neglect of the Spirit in western medieval Christianity. Her primary aim is to debunk the idea of an anemic western pneumatological tradition by recovering the image-laden language about the Holy Spirit in this tradition. To achieve this goal, she proposes a 'close reading' of the texts of ancient and medieval thinkers grounded in a particular method that she sketches in the opening chapter. The following review provides a survey of Dreyer's book and engages her on the question of methodology. In her attempt to hold together spirituality and theology, Dreyer raises the issue of how the past might be re-appropriated in a way that allows the Christian tradition to remain a living and vibrant force in contemporary Christianity.
Reducing a Barrier to Diabetes Education
Authors: Chasens Eileen R. , Enock Marilyn , DiNardo Monica 
Published: October 2010

Purpose Recent research suggests that hearing loss, a frequent problem for aging adults, is more prevalent in people with diabetes. Hearing impairment affects a patient’s learning. This article reviews the anatomy and physiology involved in hearing, describes common causes of hearing loss in people with diabetes, and describes how hearing loss is diagnosed and treated. Two simple tests the diabetes educator can use to screen for hearing loss are described, and interventions that improve communication with patients with difficulty hearing are explained. Conclusions Hearing loss can negatively affect a patient’s ability to actively participate in diabetes education. Diabetes educators have a responsibility to learn how to communicate better with their patients who have a hearing impairment. Diabetes educators are uniquely positioned to improve the health status of their patients by identifying persons who need referral for further evaluation of their hearing.
Antidepressants for the treatment of depression in palliative care: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rayner Lauren , Price Annabel , Evans Alison , Valsraj Koravangattu , Hotopf Matthew , Higginson Irene J 
Published: October 2010

Depression can exacerbate symptoms associated with life-threatening illness and increase disability and distress. In palliative care, depression occurs in a context of multiple symptoms, which complicates detection and treatment. While systematic reviews of antidepressants have been conducted in specific life-threatening diseases, no previous study has synthesized the evidence in palliative care. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of antidepressants for the treatment of depression in palliative care. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCINFO and Cochrane trials registers were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials comparing antidepressants and placebo for the treatment of depression in palliative care. The primary outcome was efficacy assessed at three time-points. Twenty-five studies were included in the review. At each time-point antidepressants were more efficacious than placebo: 4–5 weeks odds ratio (OR) 1.93 (1.15–3.42) p = 0.001; 6–8 weeks OR 2.25 (1.38–3.67) p = 0.001; 9–18 weeks OR 2.71 (1.50–4.91) p = 0.001. This review provides evidence that antidepressants are effective in treating depression in palliative care. Their superiority over placebo is apparent within 4–5 weeks and increases with continued use. It is probable that the effect sizes yielded in this review overestimate the efficacy of antidepressants due to biases such as selective reporting and publication. Nevertheless, the magnitude and consistency of the effect suggests genuine benefit.
Plantar Enthesopathy
Authors: Wearing Scott C. , Smeathers James E. , Urry Stephen R. , Sullivan Patrick M. , Yates Bede , Dubois Philip 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundThe enthesis of the plantar fascia is thought to play an important role in stress dissipation. However, the potential link between entheseal thickening characteristic of enthesopathy and the stress-dissipating properties of the intervening plantar fat pad have not been investigated.PurposeThis study was conducted to identify whether plantar fat pad mechanics explain variance in the thickness of the fascial enthesis in individuals with and without plantar enthesopathy.Study DesignCase-control study; Level of evidence, 3.MethodsThe study population consisted of 9 patients with unilateral plantar enthesopathy and 9 asymptomatic, individually matched controls. The thickness of the enthesis of the symptomatic, asymptomatic, and a matched control limb was acquired using high-resolution ultrasound. The compressive strain of the plantar fat pad during walking was estimated from dynamic lateral radiographs acquired with a multifunction fluoroscopy unit. Peak compressive stress was simultaneously acquired via a pressure platform. Principal viscoelastic parameters were estimated from subsequent stress-strain curves.ResultsThe symptomatic fascial enthesis (6.7 ± 2.0 mm) was significantly thicker than the asymptomatic enthesis (4.2 ± 0.4 mm), which in turn was thicker than the enthesis (3.3 ± 0.4 mm) of control limbs (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the mean thickness, peak stress, peak strain, or secant modulus of the plantar fat pad between limbs. However, the energy dissipated by the fat pad during loading and unloading was significantly lower in the symptomatic limb (0.55 ± 0.17) when compared with asymptomatic (0.69 ± 0.13) and control (0.70 ± 0.09) limbs (P < .05). The sonographic thickness of the enthesis was correlated with the energy dissipation ratio of the plantar fat pad (r = .72, P < .05), but only in the symptomatic limb.ConclusionThe energy-dissipating properties of the plantar fat pad are associated with the sonograpic appearance of the enthesis in symptomatic limbs, providing a previously unidentified link between the mechanical behavior of the plantar fat pad and enthesopathy.
Psychosocial Interventions for the Prevention of Depression in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Forsman Anna K. , Schierenbeck Isabell , Wahlbeck Kristian 
Published: October 2010

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for the prevention of depression in older people. Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective controlled trials. Results: Thirty studies were included. Overall, psychosocial interventions had a small but statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms (17 trials, standardized mean difference = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.31 to -0.03). In comparison with no-intervention controls, social activities were effective in reducing depressive symptoms, but results should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of trials. No statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms was found for physical exercise, skill training, reminiscence, or for multicomponent interventions. Discussion: Psychosocial interventions have a small but statistically significant effect in reducing depressive symptoms among older adults. The current evidence base for psychosocial interventions for primary prevention of depression in older people is weak, and further trials warranted especially for the most promising type of interventions evaluated, that is, social activities.
Interferon-β is a key regulator of proinflammatory events in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Galligan CL , Pennell LM , Murooka TT , Baig E , Majchrzak-Kita B , Rahbar R , Fish EN 
Published: October 2010

Background: Interferon (IFN)-β is an effective therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, yet its mechanism of action remains ill-defined. Objectives: Our objective was to characterize the role of IFN-β in immune regulation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: IFN-β +/+ and IFN-β—/— mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide in the presence or absence of IFN-β, to induce EAE. Disease pathogenesis was monitored in the context of incidence, time of onset, clinical score, and immune cell activation in the brains, spleens and lymph nodes of affected mice. Results: Compared with IFN-β+/+ mice, IFN-β—/ — mice exhibited an earlier onset and a more rapid progression of EAE, increased numbers of CD11b+ leukocytes infiltrating affected brains and an increased percentage of Th17 cells in the central nervous system and draining lymph nodes. IFN-β treatment delayed disease onset and reduced disease severity. Ex vivo experiments revealed that the lack of IFN-β results in enhanced generation of autoreactive T cells, a likely consequence of the absence of IFN-β-regulated events in both the CD4+ T cells and antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Gene expression analysis of IFN-β-treated bone marrow macrophages (CD11b +) identified modulation of genes affecting T cell proliferation and Th17 differentiation. Conclusions: We conclude that IFN-β acts to suppress the generation of autoimmune-inducing Th17 cells during the development of disease as well as modulating pro-inflammatory mediators.
Increasing incidence of multiple sclerosis in women in Northern Finland
Authors: Krökki O , Bloigu R , Reunanen M , Remes AM 
Published: October 2010

Background: The geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) means that prevalence rates increase with latitude north or south of the equator. Temporally, a tendency for increased incidences of MS has been observed over the past two decades. Objectives: Since epidemiological studies of MS in areas close to the Arctic Circle are rare, we evaluated the incidence and prevalence of MS in Northern Ostrobothnia by means of a retrospective cohort study covering the period 1992–2007. Methods: Patients with a definite clinical diagnosis of MS based on the Poser criteria and the early McDonald criteria of 2001 were identified in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia (population 386,972) and the incidence was calculated at 1-year time intervals, both overall and by gender. Results: The overall prevalence was 103/100,000 (95% CI, 93–113), with a female/male ratio of 2.17. The mean overall incidence was 6.3/100,000 (95% CI, 5.2–7.2). The incidence shows a tendency to increase over the 16-year period due to a pronounced rise in the female incidence. Conclusions: Our results show a high prevalence of MS in Northern Ostrobothnia and a disproportional increase in the female MS incidence. These recent epidemiological features may be associated with environmental risk factors such as a vitamin D deficit, low life-long UV radiation and the high-latitude geographical location.
A modified toxicity probability interval method for dose-finding trials
Authors: Yuan Ji  , Ping Liu  , Yisheng Li  , Nebiyou Bekele B. 
Published: October 2010

Background Building on earlier work, the toxicity probability interval (TPI) method, we present a modified TPI (mTPI) design that is calibration-free for phase I trials. Purpose Our goal is to improve the trial conduct and provide more effective designs while maintaining the simplicity of the original TPI design. Methods Like the TPI method, the mTPI consists of a practical dose-finding scheme guided by the posterior inference for a simple Bayesian model. However, the new method proposes improved dose-finding decision rules based on a new statistic, the unit probability mass (UPM). For a given interval and a probability distribution, the UPM is defined as the ratio of the probability mass of the interval to the length of the interval. Results The improvement through the use of the UPM for dose finding is threefold: (1) the mTPI method appears to be safer than the TPI method in that it puts fewer patients on toxic doses; (2) the mTPI method eliminates the need for calibrating two key parameters, which is required in the TPI method and is a known difficult issue; and (3) the mTPI method corresponds to the Bayes rule under a decision theoretic framework and possesses additional desirable large- and small-sample properties. Limitation The proposed method is applicable to dose-finding trials with a binary toxicity endpoint. Conclusion The new method mTPI is essentially calibration free and exhibits improved performance over the TPI method. These features make the mTPI a desirable choice for the design of practical trials. Clinical Trials 2010; 7: 653—663. http://ctj.sagepub.com
Gender indexing in publications of clinical trials: 1991-2008
Authors: Drye Lea T , Meinert Jill L , Meinert Curtis L 
Published: October 2010

Background In 1993 Congress passed the NIH Revitalization Act, which instructed the Director of the NIH to ensure that phase III clinical trials are ‘designed and carried out in a manner sufficient to provide for a valid analysis of whether the variables being studied in the trial affect females or members of minority groups, as the case may be, differently than other subjects in the trial.’ Purpose The purpose of this article is to track the PubMed indexing of gender in clinical trial publications since 1991 with a view toward assessing the impact of the legislation on the number of gender specific trials. Methods We searched PubMed for full-length publications from years 1991 to 2008 of research on humans indexed as publication type ‘clinical trial’, ‘randomized clinical trial’ and multicenter randomized trial (‘multicenter study’ AND ‘randomized clinical trial’), and counted the number of trials indexed as male-only, female-only, male and female, and gender unknown in PubMed. Results The majority of trial publications were indexed in PubMed as including both genders. The proportion of publications indexed as including both genders has increased while the number of publications not indexed with respect to gender and the number of publications indexed as male-only have decreased. In 2005, approximately 13% of NIH expenditures were for female specific or related research compared to 6% for male specific or related research. Limitations The proportion of clinical trial publications that were indexed in PubMed as including females began to increase before the legislation so it is difficult to conclude that changes in the number of female-only or male-only trials are due to the legislation. PubMed listings do not include gender enrollment, so female and male enrollment totals could not be compared. Conclusions The NIH policy should be rewritten to be made gender neutral to bring it in line with the principle of justice as embodied in the Belmont Report. Clinical Trials 2010; 7: 677—685. http://ctj.sagepub.com
Existential fulfilment, workload and work engagement among nurses
Authors: Tomic Marinka , Tomic Elvira 
Published: October 2010

In contrast to workload, existential fulfilment and work engagement are positive dimensions of personal functioning in organisations. Research on positive dimensions fits into the context of positive psychology. Existential fulfilment, workload and engagement have not yet been investigated among nurses. The relationships between existential fulfilment, workload and engagement, as well as the contribution of the first two concepts to engagement, are examined. In a cross-sectional survey, a random sample was drawn (N = 278) from a hospital population of nurses. Of this sample, 169 participants completed a questionnaire that included demographic, existential fulfilment, workload and engagement items. The response was 61%. Two dimensions of existential fulfilment, self-acceptance and self-actualisation, and the three engagement dimensions were positively correlated. Self-transcendence was associated with one engagement dimension, i.e. dedication. Self-actualisation explained a substantial percentage of variance in all three dimensions of engagement. Workload was negatively associated with engagement: the higher the workload scores, the lower the vigour and dedication scores. Workload explained a substantial percentage of variance in vigour and dedication. Self-actualisation and workload are important engagement determinants. The implications of the study are discussed.
Incidence of Wrong-Site Surgery Among Foot and Ankle Surgeons
Authors: Schweitzer Karl M. , Brimmo Olubusola , May Ryan , Parekh Selene G. 
Published: October 2010

In 1998, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons initiated the “sign your site” campaign to address the issue of wrong-site surgery (WSS). Using a confidential online survey sent to 1094 active members of the American Academy of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, the authors assessed participation in the “sign your site” campaign and the occurrence of WSS encountered during their careers. A total of 319 responses were received (response rate = 29.2%). In all, 41 of 310 respondents (13%) reported performing WSS at least once, with 4 surgeons (1%) reporting the occurrence twice in their careers; 70 of 310 (23%) surgeons reported that they had prepped the wrong surgical site, but the error was recognized prior to making an incision. In all, 302 of 309 respondents (97.7%) reported that they were aware of the “sign your site” initiative. Since the introduction of the campaign, significantly more (89.2% vs 49.2%) foot and ankle surgeons routinely mark the surgical site (P < .001). The Joint Commission revised the universal protocol for surgical site verification requiring an individual directly involved in a surgical procedure to mark the site as of January 1, 2009. The authors believe this revision will lower the incidence of WSS further. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Analyses of HLA-C–specific KIR repertoires in donors with group A and B haplotypes suggest a ligand-instructed model of NK cell receptor acquisition
Authors: Schönberg Kathrin , Sribar Martina , Enczmann Jürgen , Fischer Johannes C. , Uhrberg Markus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo determine the influence of KIR and HLA class I polymorphism on human NK cell repertoires, 32 different clonotypes representing all possible combinations of 4 inhibitory KIR and NKG2A were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. In donors homozygous for the common group A KIR haplotype, a significant influence of HLA-C ligands was seen: KIR repertoires were dominated by clonotypes expressing a single KIR for the respective cognate ligand, either the C1-specific KIR2DL3 or C2-specific KIR2DL1. In contrast, in donors possessing the polymorphic group B haplotypes, a similar adaptation to cognate HLA-C was lacking. We suggest that this discrepancy is largely the result of a suppressive effect of the group B–specific KIR2DL2 on the frequency of KIR2DL1+ NK cells. In functional assays, KIR2DL2 not only recognized C1 but also C2 ligands, showing overlapping specificity with KIR2DL1. Moreover, using an NK cell differentiation assay we show sequential acquisition of KIR2DL2 before KIR2DL1 on developing NK cells. Together, these observations are compatible with a ligand-instructed model of NK cell education, in which recognition of HLA class I by an inhibitory receptor (KIR2DL2) suppresses subsequent expression of a second receptor (KIR2DL1) of related specificity. Importantly, the ligand-instructed model fits to the observed KIR repertoires in both broad KIR haplotype groups.
Early lymphocyte recovery after intensive timed sequential chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia: peripheral oligoclonal expansion of regulatory T cells
Authors: Kanakry Christopher G. , Hess Allan D. , Gocke Christopher D. , Thoburn Christopher , Kos Ferdynand , Meyer Christian , Briel Janet , Luznik Leo , Smith B. Douglas , Levitsky Hyam , Karp Judith E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFew published studies characterize early lymphocyte recovery after intensive chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). To test the hypothesis that lymphocyte recovery mirrors ontogeny, we characterized early lymphocyte recovery in 20 consecutive patients undergoing induction timed sequential chemotherapy for newly diagnosed AML. Recovering T lymphocytes were predominantly CD4+ and included a greatly expanded population of CD3+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. Recovering CD3+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells were phenotypically activated regulatory T cells and showed suppressive activity on cytokine production in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Despite an initial burst of thymopoiesis, most recovering regulatory T cells were peripherally derived. Furthermore, regulatory T cells showed marked oligoclonal skewing, suggesting that their peripheral expansion was antigen-driven. Overall, lymphocyte recovery after chemotherapy differs from ontogeny, specifically identifying a peripherally expanded oligoclonal population of activated regulatory T lymphocytes. These differences suggest a stereotyped immunologic recovery shared by patients with newly diagnosed AML after induction timed sequential chemotherapy. Further insight into this oligoclonal regulatory T-cell population will be fundamental toward developing effective immunomodulatory techniques to improve survival for patients with AML.
A novel NUP98/RARG gene fusion in acute myeloid leukemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Such Esperanza , Cervera José , Valencia Ana , Barragán Eva , Ibañez Mariam , Luna Irene , Fuster Óscar , Perez-Sirvent Maria Luz , Senent Leonor , Sempere Amparo , Martinez Jesús , Martín-Aragonés Guillermo , Sanz Miguel A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Chromosomal translocations in hematological malignancies often result in novel fusion chimeric genes. We report a case of acute myeloid leukemia with a clonal translocation t(11;12)(p15;q13) displaying morphologic and immunophenotypic features resembling the classical hypergranular subtype of acute promyelocytic leukemia. The gene fused to NUP98 (nucleoporin 98) was detected by comparative genomic hybridization array as the retinoid acid receptor gamma gene (RARG). The involvement of RARG in a chimeric fusion transcript has not been reported previously in human leukemia.
Determination of acute lung injury after repeated platelet transfusions
Authors: Corash Laurence , Lin Jin Sying , Sherman Claire D. , Eiden Joseph 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) during hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is associated with substantial morbidity; however, the frequency of ALI in HSCT patients is poorly characterized. Platelets are postulated to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ALI. Using a transfusion trial of pathogen inactivated platelet components (PC-Test) compared with conventional PC (Reference) populated with HSCT patients, data were reviewed by an adjudication panel to determine the frequency of ALI overall, by treatment groups, and key outcomes: PC exposure, ventilator-free days, and mortality. The diagnosis of ALI was based on American European Consensus Criteria. Of 645 patients who received PC over 28 days, 100 (15.5%) had clinically serious pulmonary adverse events, and 35 (5.4%) met criteria for ALI. Days of platelet support and number of platelet transfusions for patients with ALI were not significantly different from patients without ALI (P > .05). Mortality was greater for patients with ALI (57%) than those without (17%, P < .001) but not significantly different between treatment groups. For patients with ALI, the distributions of time to onset of mechanical ventilation were significantly different (P = .04). Patients supported with Reference PC were more likely to be ventilated sooner than patients receiving Test PC.