bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ghost Plumes Hidden Beneath Earth’s Continents
Authors: Pilia Simone , Iaffaldano Giampiero , Davies D. Rhodri , Sossi Paolo , Whattam Scott , Hu Hao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Mantle plumes are hot, buoyant upwellings that rise from Earth’s core-mantle-boundary (CMB) at ~2891 km depth to its surface1. As they ascend towards the lithosphere – our planet’s rigid outermost shell – the decreasing pressure facilitates decompression melting, resulting in surface volcanism that shows no obvious association with plate boundaries1-3. This so-called hotspot volcanism, commonly identified in oceanic regions, occurs less frequently within continental interiors due to the presence of a thicker lithosphere, which limits plume ascent and associated decompression melting4. However, given challenges in resolving mantle plumes with geophysical imaging5,6, it remains uncertain whether limited continental volcanism implies few sub-continental mantle plumes. Here, we present inter-disciplinary evidence revealing the first clear example of an amagmatic “ghost” plume in eastern Oman – the Dani plume. Despite lacking present-day surface volcanism7,8, this plume is robustly imaged using P- and S-wave arrival-time residuals from distant earthquakes, recorded by a dense regional seismic network. The imaged low-velocity structure is overlain by positive present-day residual topography9,10, in a region enigmatically uplifted since the late Eocene11,12 (~40 Ma). Our analyses of kinematic reconstructions demonstrate that asthenospheric flow associated with the Dani plume modified Indian-plate motion in the late Eocene, allowing us to bound the likely arrival time of this plume beneath the lithosphere. Our findings imply that other “ghost” plumes likely exist on Earth, for example beneath amagmatic topographic swells on the African continent, whilst there is strong evidence for their existence in the recent geological past13,14,15,16. Besides offering an approach to identify hidden continental plumes, both at the present-day and via Earth’s geological record, our study suggests that CMB heat-flux estimates should be revised upwards, with implications for thermal and core evolution models.
Promotion of physical activity-related health competence using digital workplace-based health promotion: a pilot study for office workers
Authors: Oppermann Leonard , Dierks Marie-Luise 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Engaging in health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) can reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases, which is particularly important for office workers with sedentary lifestyles. Therefore, time- and location-independent interventions for increasing HEPA are necessary.
Methods: To achieve long-term changes in HEPA, interventions can be based on physical activity-related health competence (PAHCO). 48 office workers (83% female, 50 ± 8 years) completed an intervention consisted of bi-weekly exercise videos for five weeks, supplemented by PAHCO and anatomical education. The participants' HEPA levels were measured using the BSA-F questionnaire and a physical activity diary, with follow-up measurements at three months.
Results: There was a significant increase in PAHCO (p = .002), especially in control competence (p < .001), after the intervention and at follow-up. The other sub-competences also increased, but not significantly. HEPA decreased after the intervention and at follow-up, but the decrease was not statistically significant.
Discussion: The study indicates that the intervention can improve PAHCO in a real-world setting. However, its impact on actual HEPA levels is inconclusive, requiring further research with a more robust design and objective PA measures.
Virtual screening and molecular docking characterization of Isoxazole-based molecules as potential Hsp90 inhibitors: In silico insight
Authors: Aboalroub Adam A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is chaperone machinery involved in the activity of hundreds of client proteins. Numerous Hsp90 clients have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Hsp90 becomes more prone to binding to drug-like small molecules in the cancer milieu. Hence, modulating the Hsp90 activity by such molecules is a promising and growing approach for cancer treatment. The isoxazole-based molecules like Luminespib have shown potent inhibitory effects against Hsp90 activity in myriad human tumor cell lines. In this work, the chemical structure of Luminespib was employed to identify new potential Hsp90 inhibitors using a collection of in silico methods. Screening the ZINC database displayed that thirty-six isoxazole-based molecules can function as Hsp90 inhibitors. The molecular docking simulation analysis demonstrated that eleven of these ZINC-compounds have binding energies ranging from -8.00 to -8.42 Kcal/mol, which implies a high binding affinity compared to Luminespib, with a binding energy of -7.95 Kcal/mol. These compounds bind to Hsp90 via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with crucial residues like Gly97, Asn51, and Lys58. Further optimization of these ZINC compounds could result in the discovery of potent anticancer agents targeting Hsp90.
Relations between daily stressful events, exertion, heart rate variability and thoracolumbar fascia deformability: An integrative single-case study on a sport climber
Authors: Brandl Andreas , Engel Raimung , Egner Christoph , Schleip Robert , Schubert Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction The posture of performance-oriented sport climbers adapts, which probably promotes the development of low back pain (LBP). In addition to its contribution to performance, the thoracolumbar fascia is seen as a contributor to this process. Furthermore, fascial structures also stiffen in negative emotional conditions.
Purpose To investigate the relationship between training exertion, daily stressful events, the autonomic nervous system and the deformability of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLFD) under the conditions of a free-living sport climber.
Methods Over a 30-day period, the participant (50-year-old, performance-oriented) reported daily morning resting heart rate variability (HRV) and daily inventory of stressful events (DISE). TLFD was measured daily using ultrasound in a manual therapy clinic. A time series analysis was performed to detect possible time-delayed relationships between the variables.
Results Cluster analyses revealed two distinguishable HRV clusters (HRV1 and HRV2). Both clusters were correlated with TLFD and DISE. Higher HRV1 immediately caused lower TLFD. HRV1 parameters mediated the effect of DISE on a decrease in TLFD two days later. One HRV2 parameter mediated the effect of DISE on an increase in TLFD seven days later.
Conclusions HRV1 values, which probably indicate sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, are directly related to TLFD. Presumably, the SNS mediated the effect of DISE on a lower TLFD two days later, followed by a probably parasympathetically mediated supercompensation. Coaches and trainers should be aware of these mechanisms and consider monitoring during training to minimize potential additional risk factors for impaired performance and health.
Variants in the Kallikrein Gene Family and Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Gensemer Cortney , Beck Tyler , Guo Lilong , Petrucci Taylor , Morningstar Jordan , Kornblau Isabelle , Byerly Kathryn , Biggs Rachel , Weintraub Amy , Moore Kelsey , Koren Natalie , Daylor Victoria , Hastings Christina , Oberlies Emily , Zientara Ella R. , Devey Elsie , Dooley Sarah , Stayer Kristina , Fenner Roman , Singleton Katherine , Luzbetak Sofia , Bear Deatra , Byrd Rebecca , Weninger Julianna , Bistran Erika , Beeson Gyda , Kerns Joshua , Griggs Molly , Griggs Charlotte , Osterhaus Madalyn , Fleck Emily , Schnaudigel Jillian , Butler Shaina , Severance Sydney , Kendall Wiley , Delaney Joe R , Judge Daniel P. , Chen Peng , Yao Hai , Guz Jan , Awgulewitsch Alexander , Kautz Steven A. , Mukherjee Rupak , Price Robert , Henderson Fraser , Shapiro Steven , Francomano Clair A. , Kovacic Jason C , Lavallee Mark , Patel Sunil , Berrandou Takiy-Eddine , Slaugenhaupt Susan A. , Milan David , Kontorovich Amy R , Bouatia-Naji Nabila , Norris Russell A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is a common heritable connective tissue disorder that lacks a known genetic etiology. To identify genetic contributions to hEDS, whole exome sequencing was performed on families and a cohort of sporadic hEDS patients. A missense variant in Kallikrein-15 (KLK15 p. Gly226Asp), segregated with disease in two families and genetic burden analyses of 197 sporadic hEDS patients revealed enrichment of variants within the Kallikrein gene family. To validate pathogenicity, the variant identified in familial studies was used to generate knock-in mice. Consistent with our clinical cohort, Klk15G224D/+ mice displayed structural and functional connective tissue defects within multiple organ systems. These findings support Kallikrein gene variants in the pathogenesis of hEDS and represent an important step towards earlier diagnosis and better clinical outcomes.
Bioinformatics Approach is Unraveling Potential Crosstalk between Cytomegalovirus and Epilepsy
Authors: Rashdi Salim Al , Al-Mahrami Nabras 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that is known to be associated with congenital disorders. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that occurs due to the inception of neurotransmitters. It is suggested that cytomegalovirus can affect epilepsy since it can reach the brain. This study aimed to investigate the molecular crosstalk between epilepsy and Cytomegalovirus infection using a bioinformatics approach.
Methods: We used gene expression datasets related to each condition retrieved from a public database. Differentially expressed gene analysis was performed for each dataset group separately. The common genes that were significantly expressed under both conditions were subjected to protein-to-protein network analysis and gene enrichment analysis.
Results: A total of 192 common genes were identified across the two conditions. The three genes CCL2, CD44, and CCL3 were defined as hub genes in protein-to-protein interaction networks with the highest centrality. This finding suggested the essential roles of these molecules in biological systems. Additionally, these genes are involved in inflammatory processing and the immune response.
Conclusion: We suggested that inflammatory chemokine molecules may participate in molecular crosstalk between CMV and epilepsy. Therefore, additionalinvestigations are required to demonstrate the role of each suggested molecule in this association.
Modern pharmacotherapy for cholestasis syndrome
Authors: Skvortsov V. V. , Eremenko A. A. , Vinogradova M. V. 
Published: June 2024

Diseases of the hepatobiliary system today remain an urgent health problem worldwide. A significant percentage of gastroenterological patients are people suffering from cholestasis syndrome. In gastroenterology, there are a number of nosological forms accompanied by the development of cholestasis syndrome. This pathological condition has many etiological factors, but in general, the mechanisms of its formation for various reasons are largely similar. When working with this group of patients, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the clinical picture, which may vary depending on the etiology of the cholestatic syndrome. The fact of the economic burden in this pathology is also important, because sometimes it is necessary to resort to high-tech examination methods and expensive laboratory screening to perform high-quality differential diagnosis. As for the treatment of cholestatic syndrome, at the moment there are many drugs with different mechanisms of action, the predominant part of which, according to randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses, has proven effectiveness. In this article, based on literature sources taken from foreign and domestic databases, the etiology and pathogenesis of the development of cholestasis syndrome, the clinical picture and approaches to the diagnosis of this condition are considered. When considering the treatment of cholestatic syndrome, this article focuses on therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid drugs, in particular Ecurochol. A clinical case is also considered on the example of a patient with cholestasis syndrome who was prescribed treatment with Ecurochol and who showed positive dynamics due to improvements in the ultrasound picture of the abdominal organs.
Traits of the lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defence system in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Lagutinskaya D. V. , Kasparova I. E. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by excess accumulation of fats in hepatocytes. An increasing percentage of adipose tissue is associated with chronic inflammation and developing oxidative stress. These pathological conditions can lead to the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with the further development of fibrosis and cirrhosis.Aim. To evaluate the indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence factors in steatosis and steatohepatitis in patients with NAFLD.Materials and methods. During the work, 116 patients with NAFLD were examined, of which 65 had steatosis, and 51 had steatohepatitis. The study of biochemical markers of metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates was performed on a Mindray BS-380 biochemical analyzer. The indicators of the LPO-AOD system (MDA, SOD, catalase, ceruloplasmin) were assessed using spectrophotometric methods. Statistical data processing was carried out in the STATISTICA and SPSS 26 programs using nonparametric tests.Results. Patients with steatohepatitis had more severe dyslipidemia, blood triglyceride, total cholesterol levels and LDL were significantly higher (p > 0.05). Impaired cholesterol metabolism was reflected by a high atherogenic index of 3.46. In patients with steatosis, changes in the lipid profile were less pronounced. No disturbances in protein and carbohydrate metabolism were detected. Increased levels of liver markers were noted only in patients with steatohepatitis. The change in the balance in the LPO- AOD system was more pronounced in patients with steatohepatitis; they had a high level of MDA, a high concentration of catalase; in patients with steatosis, only a decrease in the level of MDA and an increase in the level of ceruloplasmin were noted.Conclusion. Dyslipidemia, hepatocyte cytolysis and liver fibrosis are detected in patients with steatohepatitis. Disturbances in the LPO-AOD system have been identified in both forms of NAFLD, but in steatosis they are compensated. In steatohepatitis, disturbances in “LPO-AOD” in the form of an increase in pro-oxidants and a decrease in antioxidants cause the development of oxidative stress.
Polymorphism of apoptosis marker genes in the blood of indigenous people with gastric cancer in the Republic of Tyva
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Vasyutin A. V. , Smolnikova M. V. , Hirlig-ool S. Kh. , Kasparov E. V. , Tonkikh J. L. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Russia is among the leaders in incidence and mortality from gastric cancer (GC). The incidence of gastric cancer in the Republic of Tyva is especially abnormally high. Currently, there is interest in studying genetic factors in various types of cancer. But for GC, such research is not enough.Aim. To study the polymorphism of the apoptosis marker genes CASP9 (rs1052576), TP53 (rs1042522), FAS/APO-1 (rs2234767) in the blood of indigenous people with GC in the Republic of Tyva.Materials and methods. 107 Tuvinians were examined (47 people with GC and 60 persons in the control group). The diagnosis of GC was established on the basis of a comprehensive laboratory, instrumental and morphological examination by oncologists at the Republican Oncology Dispensary. Genotyping of polymorphisms rs1052576 CASP9, rs2234767 FAS/APO-1 and rs1042522 TP53 was carried out in all 47 patients with GC and in 60 people in the control group using the polymerase chain reaction method from DNA samples isolated from venous blood.Results. In patients with GC, compared with healthy individuals, the mutant allele G (44.7% versus 27.5%; p = 0.01) and the homozygous genotype GG (23.4% versus 6.7%; p = 0.03) of polymorphism rs1042522 TP53, as well as mutant allele A (57.4% versus 32.5%; p < 0.001) and homozygous genotype AA (31.9% versus 15.0%; p = 0.05) of polymorphism rs2234767 FAS/ APO-1 were more often registered among indigenous inhabitants of the Republic of Tyva. The frequency of various genotypes and alleles of the polymorphism rs1052576 CASP9 did not differ significantly between patients with GC and healthy individuals.Conclusion. Based on these results, it can be assumed that the A allele of rs2234767 FAS/APO-1 and the disruption of the anti-oncogenic function of the p53 protein produced by the G allele of rs1042522 TP53 are associated with GC and can be used as markers to determine increased risk in the population of indigenous residents of the Republic of Tyva.
The effect of targeted therapy on the quality of life of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis and comorbid bronchial asthma
Authors: Korkmazov A. M. , Lengina M. A. , Korkmazov M. Yu. , Kornova N. V. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The relevance of studying the possibility of using targeted therapy in the treatment of polypous rhinosinusitis in patients with comorbid bronchial asthma is due to the observed growth of the disease and the disclosure of new pathophysiological mechanisms of their development.Aim. Based on the generalization of research results and the analysis of our own clinical observations, to improve the effectiveness of treatment and the quality of life of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis with a history of severe bronchial asthma, using genetically engineered biological therapy.Materials and methods. The literature of the eLibrary databases is analyzed.RU RSCI, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science for the period 2011–2023. The inclusion of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment regimen for diseases that are difficult to treat with medication is based on the results of clinical studies and meta-analysis data. A study of the quality of life was conducted, according to the SF-36 Health Status Survey, 47 patients receiving targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies in medical and preventive institutions of the megalopolis.Results. The assessment of the quality of life of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis and comorbid bronchial asthma confirmed the effectiveness of targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies. According to the SP-36 questionnaire, before treatment, the low-est scores were on the Role-Physical Functioning scales – 51.5 points and General Health – 49.1 points, respectively. At the 2nd and 16th weeks of treatment, gradually increasing positive dynamics was noted on all scales and by the end of the 52nd week of monoclonal antibody use, values as close to normal as possible were recorded in the Social Functioning, Role Emotional, Mental Health scales and amounted to 97.7; 98,3 and 98.7 points. The effectiveness of the treatment was confirmed by two clinical cases.Conclusions. Knowledge of the immunological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease allows us to open up significant prospects for diagnosis and treatment. Recommendations and drug selection should be consistently followed within the framework of the clinical recommendations of the relevant diseases. Strict consideration of the development of short-term and long-term risks of the use of genetically engineered biological therapy is necessary.
Screening the presence of cyanotoxin in selected reservoirs in Sri Lanka and employing molecular markers as an advanced alert system
Authors: Liyanage Gayani Yasodara , Sadeepa Dilini , Manage Pathmalal 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Establishing reliable and cost-effective tools to identify the occurrence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria could lead to an early warning system to prevent water consumption and recreational activities, especially for low-income agricultural countries. The current study utilised a two-method approach, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction, to enumerate commonly occurring cyanotoxins: microcystin (MC), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), nodularin (NOD), anatoxin-a (ANA-a), and saxitoxin (SAX), and to evaluate the presence of the genes responsible for producing these toxins. Water samples from 43 drinking, recreational and irrigational water bodies in Sri Lanka were collected between November 2019 and July 2020. Results indicated that 24 of the sampled water bodies contained at least one of the toxin-producing genes screened. Notably, the overall MC concentration detected for Beira Lake in Colombo, a recreational waterbody in the country's largest and most populous city, was 3.31 μg/L. Among the different cyanotoxins analysed, MC was found to be the most dominant (37%) in the collected water samples compared to CYN (10%), SAX (10%), NOD (10%), and ANA-a (10%). This is the first such study where molecular approaches were combined with immunological assays to provide an extensive survey highlighting an alarming level of contamination of cyanotoxins in intensively used water bodies.
Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in household greywater discharged into the environment in Burkina Faso's Sahel region
Authors: Compaoré Cheik Omar Tidiane , Maiga Ynoussa , Zongo Sandrine G. , Sawadogo Mamady , Nikiema Mahamadi , Mien Oumarou , Ouili Amidou S. , Mogmenga Iliassou , Ouattara Cheik Amadou Tidiane , Mihelcic James R. , Ouattara Aboubakar Sidiki 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. from greywater were investigated in Africa's Sahel region, Burkina Faso. A total of 36 and 56 isolates of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from greywater, respectively. From the Salmonella spp. isolates, resistance was most frequently observed against vancomycin (69%), ampicillin (61%), cefoxitin (42%), trimethoprine/sulfamethoxazole (36%), amoxicillin-clavunal acid (33%) and tetracycline (33%). For all Staphylococcus spp. isolates, the highest rate of resistance was against penicillin (55.36%) followed by oxacillin (48.21%) and clindamycin (30.36%). In addition, 75% of the isolated Salmonella spp. strains were resistant to at least two antibiotics of different families, while 30.35% of Staphylococcus spp. strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Overall, this is one of the first studies reporting the presence of MDR bacteria in untreated greywater discharged from domestic activities in Burkina Faso. Our results show that untreated greywater can contain bacteria resistant to antibiotics used in therapeutic care. Therefore, uncontrolled discharge of untreated greywater into the environment could lead to the dissemination of resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the environment and increase the risk of human exposure to antimicrobial resistance.