bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UAV data and deep learning: efficient tools to map ant mounds and their ecological impact
Authors: Monsimet Jérémy , Sjögersten Sofie , Sanders Nathan J. , Jonsson Micael , Olofsson Johan , Siewert Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh‐resolution unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAVs) data have alleviated the mismatch between the scale of ecological processes and the scale of remotely sensed data, while machine learning and deep learning methods allow new avenues for quantification in ecology. Ant nests play key roles in ecosystem functioning, yet their distribution and effects on entire landscapes remain poorly understood, in part because they and their mounds are too small for satellite remote sensing. This research maps the distribution and impact of ant mounds in a 20 ha treeline ecotone. We evaluate the detectability from UAV imagery using a deep learning model for object detection and different combinations of RGB, thermal and multispectral sensor data. We were able to detect ant mounds in all imagery using manual detection and deep learning. However, the highest precision rates were achieved by deep learning using RGB data which has the highest spatial resolution (1.9 cm) at comparable UAV flight height. While multispectral data were outperformed for detection, it allows for novel insights into the ecology of ants and their spatial impact on vegetation productivity using the normalized difference vegetation index. Scaling up, this suggests that ant mounds quantifiably impact vegetation productivity for up to 4% of our study area and up to 8% of the Betula nana vegetation communities, the vegetation type with the highest abundance of ant mounds. Therefore, they could have an overlooked role in nutrient‐limited tundra vegetation, and on the shrubification of this habitat. Further, we show the powerful combination UAV multi‐sensor data and deep learning for efficient ecological tracking and monitoring of mound‐building ants and their spatial impact.
Odontogenesis‐Empowered Extracellular Vesicles Safeguard Donor‐Recipient Stem Cell Interplay to Support Tooth Regeneration
Authors: Huang Xiaoyao , Sui Bingdong , Liu Anqi , Guo Hao , Zheng Chenxi , Liu Peisheng , Cai Xinyue , Fu Fei , Bai Shengfeng , Jin Fang , Chen Ji , Wei Changze , Jin Yan , Xuan Kun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHarnessing the developmental events of mesenchymal condensation to direct postnatal dental stem cell aggregation represents a cutting‐edge and promising approach to tooth regeneration. Tooth avulsion is among the most prevalent and serious dental injuries, and odontogenic aggregates assembled by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have proven effective in revitalizing avulsed teeth after replantation in the clinical trial. However, whether and how SHED aggregates (SA) communicate with recipient components and promote synergistic tissue regeneration to support replanted teeth remains elusive. Here, it is shown that SA‐mediated avulsed tooth regeneration involves periodontal restoration and recovery of recipient Gli1+ stem cells, which are mobilized and necessarily contribute to the reestablishment of the tooth‐periodontal ligament‐bone interface. Mechanistically, the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is revealed indispensable for the implanted SA to mobilize recipient Gli1+ cells and regenerate avulsed teeth. Furthermore, SHED aggregates‐released EVs (SA‐EVs) are featured with odontogenic properties linked to tissue regeneration, which enhance migration, proliferation, and differentiation of Gli1+ cells. Importantly, local application of SA‐EVs per se empowers recipient Gli1+ cells and safeguards regeneration of avulsed teeth. Collectively, the findings establish a paradigm in which odontogenesis‐featured EVs govern donor‐recipient stem cell interplay to achieve tooth regeneration, inspiring cell‐free translational regenerative strategies.
Molten Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of Titanium Nitride
Authors: Parvizian Mahsa , Reichholf Nico , Riaz Aysha A. , Bhatt Prajna , Regoutz Anna , De Roo Jonathan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTitanium nitride is an exciting plasmonic material, with optical properties similar to gold. However, synthesizing TiN nanocrystals is highly challenging and typically requires solid‐state reactions at very high temperatures (800–1000°C). Here, the synthesis of TiN nanocrystals is achieved at temperatures as low as 350°C, in just 1 h. The strategy comprises molten salt, Mg as reductant and Ca3N2 as nitride source. This brings TiN from the realm of solid‐state chemistry into the field of solution‐based synthesis in regular, borosilicate glassware.
Qualitative analysis of online discussion boards for male urinary incontinence after prostate treatment
Authors: Fernandez Adrian , Abbasi Behzad , Sudhakar Architha , Shieh Christine , Hampson Lindsay A. , Lui Jason L. , Ghaffar Umar , Patel Hiren , Shaw Nathan M. , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThough urinary incontinence (UI) after prostate treatment often contributes to emotional distress and significantly impacts quality of life, many patients do not discuss this condition with their physicians. We analyzed the patient perspective by examining online support group posts to gain insight into specific challenges associated with different UI management methods.MethodsWe examined discussion board threads from multiple patient‐focused forums on experiences of UI due to prostate treatment (threads from January 2016 to January 2022). Principles of grounded theory in thematic analysis were used to analyze the threads.ResultsThree hundred and eighteen posts from 84 unique users were analyzed. Among users, 47 (56%) reported UI following radical prostatectomy (RP), 5 (6%) secondary to radiation therapy (RT), 12 (14%) after a combination of RP and RT, and 20 (24%) were ambiguous. UI management methods included pads/diapers/liners, condom catheters/external clamps, Kegels/pelvic floor physiotherapy, and surgical treatment (artificial urinary sphincter or sling placement). We identified challenges common to all management methods: “requires trial and error,” “physical discomfort,” and “difficult to be in public.” Factors influencing management choices included the ability to “feel normal” and the development of a management routine.ConclusionThe current study identifies opportunities for improved expectation‐setting and education regarding post‐procedural UI and its management. These findings can serve as a guide for providers to counsel patients on the advantages and disadvantages of UI management devices.
Enabling Coherence Between Energy Policies and SDGs Through Open Energy Models: The TEMOA-Italy Example
Authors: Nicoli Matteo , Alfano Maria Elena , Amir Kavei Farzaneh , Balbo Alessandro , Colucci Gianvito , Lerede Daniele , Mosso Daniele , Savoldi Laura 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter highlights the significance of open-source energy system optimization models in enhancing the transparency and accessibility of energy system studies for policymakers. It provides a detailed example of the creation of a robust modeling framework. This includes guidance on selecting appropriate inputs, interpreting results, and connecting them to policy-relevant objectives such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 6 (water), 7 (energy), 8 (work and economic growth), 9 (industry), 13 (climate) and 15 (land). The focus is on the energy system optimization model TEMOA-Italy, a case study for Italy developed within the open-source framework TEMOA. The presented results explore the impact of possible future scenarios and energy policies on the power sector’s sustainability, showing that low emissions scenarios perform better than a base scenario concerning environmental aspects, but worse in terms of land use and social aspects like the quality of labor. Import dependence is also affected by the renewables’ penetration, due to the criticality of renewable technologies imports. The exclusion of carbon capture from the set of available new technologies improves geopolitical stability and reduces volume shortage risk.
Primordial black holes from slow phase transitions: a model-building perspective
Authors: Kanemura Shinya , Tanaka Masanori , Xie Ke-Pan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) through delayed vacuum decay during slow cosmic first-order phase transitions. Two specific models, the polynomial potential and the real singlet extension of the Standard Model, are used as illustrative examples. Our findings reveal that models with zero-temperature scalar potential barriers are conducive to the realization of this mechanism, as the phase transition duration is extended by the U-shaped Euclidean action. We find that the resulting PBH density is highly sensitive to the barrier height, with abundant PBH formation observed for sufficiently high barriers. Notably, the phase transition needs not to be ultra-supercooled (i.e. the parameter α ≫ 1), and the commonly used exponential nucleation approximation Γ(t) ~ eβt fails to capture the PBH formation dynamics in such models.
Incorporating DDπ effects and left-hand cuts in lattice QCD studies of the Tcc(3875)+
Authors: Hansen Maxwell T. , Romero-López Fernando , Sharpe Stephen R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We generalize the relativistic field-theoretic three-particle finite-volume scattering formalism to describe generic DDπ systems in the charm C = 2 sector. This includes the isospin-0 channel, in which the recently discovered doubly-charmed tetraquark Tcc(3875)+ is expected to manifest as a pole in the DDπ → DDπ scattering amplitude. The formalism presented here can also be applied to lattice QCD settings in which the D* is bound and, in particular, remains valid below the left-hand cut in DD* scattering, thus resolving an issue in previous analyses of lattice-determined finite-volume energies.
Six-dimensional correlators from a five-dimensional operator product expansion
Authors: Lambert N. , Lipstein A. , Mouland R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this letter we discuss the operator product expansion of scalar operators in five-dimensional field theories with an SU(1, 3) × U(1) spacetime symmetry. Such theories arise by a novel conformal null reduction of six-dimensional Lorentzian conformal field theories. Unlike Lorentzian conformal field theories, three-point functions of generic operators in such theories are not completely fixed by SU(1, 3) × U(1) symmetry. However, we show that in a special case the functional form of the OPE coefficients can be fully determined, and we use them to fix the form of the three-point function. The result is shown to agree with correlation functions obtained by reduction of six-dimensional conformal field theories.
Psychische Belastungen bei Erwerbstätigen: Leistungsinanspruchnahme und Kosten für das deutsche Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Mulfinger Nadine , Angerer Peter , Erim Yesim , Hander Nicole , Hansmann Marieke , Herold Regina , Kilian Reinhold , Kröger Christoph , Rothermund Eva , Weber Jeannette ,   friaa-Studiengruppe, Brezinski Jolanda , Feisst Manuel , Kohl Fiona , Heming Meike , Gündel Harald , Herrmann Kristin , Seega Rike , Hondong Sinja , Brenner Lorena , Chrysanthou Sophia , Köllner Volker , Stegmann Ralf , Schröder Ute B. , Wegewitz Uta , Waldmann Tamara 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Die Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen durch Arbeitnehmer:innen mit psychischen Belastungen sowie die damit verbundenen Kosten im Gesundheits- und Sozialsystem wurden bisher nicht systematisch in Studien erhoben bzw. nur indirekt erfasst. Diese Publikation hat zum Ziel, die Inanspruchnahme in dieser Zielgruppe zu dokumentieren, die Kosten im Gesundheits- und Sozialsystem erstmalig abzuschätzen und mögliche Einflussfaktoren der Kostenvarianz zu untersuchen.

Methodik
Als Teil einer Multicenter-Studie wurden Häufigkeiten der Inanspruchnahme sowie Kosten im Gesundheits- und Sozialsystem von 550 Arbeitnehmer:innen mit psychischen Belastungen erhoben. Die Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen wurde mit der deutschen Version des Client Sociodemographic Service Receipt Inventory (CSSRI) erhoben. Kosten wurden für 6 Monate berechnet. Mithilfe eines Regressionsmodells wurden Einflussfaktoren auf die Kosten überprüft.

Ergebnisse
Zu Studienbeginn betrugen die durchschnittlichen Gesamtkosten der vergangenen 6 Monate in der Stichprobe € 5227,12 (Standardabweichung € 7704,21). Das Regressionsmodell weist auf einen signifikanten Anstieg der Kosten mit zunehmendem Alter sowie bei Personen mit Depressionen, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten mit körperlichen Symptomen und anderen Diagnosen hin.

Diskussion
Die berechneten Kosten sind im Vergleich zu klinischen Stichproben ähnlich hoch. Des Weiteren sollte zukünftig untersucht werden, ob sich dieses Ergebnis durch die Analyse der Längsschnittdaten verändert und ob die Intervention einen Kosteneinfluss aufweist.
Genetic control of rhizosphere microbiome of the cotton plants under field conditions
Authors: Wei Feng , Feng Zili , Yang Chuanzhen , Zhao Lihong , Zhang Yalin , Zhou Jinglong , Feng Hongjie , Zhu Heqin , Xu Xiangming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Understanding the extent of heritability of a plant-associated microbiome (phytobiome) is critically important for exploitation of phytobiomes in agriculture. Two crosses were made between pairs of cotton cultivars (Z2 and J11, L1 and Z49) with differential resistance to Verticillium wilt. F2 plants were grown in a field, together with the four parents to study the heritability of cotton rhizosphere microbiome. Amplicon sequencing was used to profile bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere. F2 offspring plants of both crosses had higher average alpha diversity indices than the two parents; parents differed significantly from F2 offspring in Bray–Curtis beta diversity indices as well. Two types of data were used to study the heritability of rhizosphere microbiome: principal components (PCs) and individual top microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). For the L1 × Z49 cross, the variance among the F2 progeny genotypes (namely, genetic variance, VT) was significantly greater than the random variability (VE) for 12 and 34 out of top 100 fungal and bacterial PCs, respectively. For the Z2 × J11 cross, the corresponding values were 10 and 20 PCs. For 29 fungal OTUs and 10 bacterial OTUs out of the most abundant 100 OTUs, genetic variance (VT) was significantly greater than VE for the L1 × Z49 cross; the corresponding values for the Z2 × J11 cross were 24 and one. The estimated heritability was mostly in the range of 40% to 60%. These results suggested the existence of genetic control of polygenic nature for specific components of rhizosphere microbiome in cotton.

Key points
• F2offspring cotton plants differed significantly from parents in rhizosphere microbial diversity.
• Specific rhizosphere components are likely to be genetically controlled by plants.
• Common PCs and specific microbial groups are significant genetic components between the two crosses.
Comparative genomics reveals insights into the potential of Lysinibacillus irui as a plant growth promoter
Authors: Hilário Sandra , Gonçalves Micael F. M. , Matos Inês , Rangel Luis F. , Sousa José A. , Santos Maria J. , Ayra-Pardo Camilo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Members of the genus Lysinibacillus attract attention for their mosquitocidal, bioremediation, and plant growth-promoting abilities. Despite this interest, comprehensive studies focusing on genomic traits governing plant growth and stress resilience in this genus using whole-genome sequencing are still scarce. Therefore, we sequenced and compared the genomes of three endophytic Lysinibacillus irui strains isolated from Canary Island date palms with the ex-type strain IRB4-01. Overall, the genomes of these strains consist of a circular chromosome with an average size of 4.6 Mb and a GC content of 37.2%. Comparative analysis identified conserved gene clusters within the core genome involved in iron acquisition, phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, and volatile compounds. In addition, genome analysis revealed the presence of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes, and proteins that confer resistance to oxidative, osmotic, and salinity stresses. Furthermore, pathways of putative novel bacteriocins were identified in all genomes. This illustrates possible common plant growth-promoting traits shared among all strains of L. irui. Our findings highlight a rich repertoire of genes associated with plant lifestyles, suggesting significant potential for developing inoculants to enhance plant growth and resilience. This study is the first to provide insights into the overall genomic signatures and mechanisms of plant growth promotion and biocontrol in the genus Lysinibacillus.

Key points
• Pioneer study in elucidating plant growth promoting in L. irui through comparative genomics.
• Genome mining identified biosynthetic pathways of putative novel bacteriocins.
• Future research directions to develop L. irui-based biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture.
Early and selective localization of tau filaments to glutamatergic subcellular domains within the human anterodorsal thalamus
Authors: Sárkány Barbara , Dávid Csaba , Hortobágyi Tibor , Gombás Péter , Somogyi Peter , Acsády László , Viney Tim J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWidespread cortical accumulation of misfolded pathological tau proteins (ptau) in the form of paired helical filaments is a major hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. Subcellular localization of ptau at various stages of disease progression is likely to be informative of the cellular mechanisms involving its spread. Here, we found that the density of ptau within several distinct rostral thalamic nuclei in post-mortem human tissue (n = 25 cases) increased with the disease stage, with the anterodorsal nucleus (ADn) consistently being the most affected. In the ADn, ptau-positive elements were present already in the pre-cortical (Braak 0) stage. Tau pathology preferentially affected the calretinin-expressing subpopulation of glutamatergic neurons in the ADn. At the subcellular level, we detected ptau immunoreactivity in ADn cell bodies, dendrites, and in a specialized type of presynaptic terminal that expresses vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGLUT2) and likely originates from the mammillary body. The ptau-containing terminals displayed signs of degeneration, including endosomal/lysosomal organelles. In contrast, corticothalamic axon terminals lacked ptau. The data demonstrate the involvement of a specific cell population in ADn at the onset of the disease. The presence of ptau in subcortical glutamatergic presynaptic terminals supports hypotheses about the transsynaptic spread of tau selectively affecting specialized axonal pathways.
Multisensory Extended Reality Applications Offer Benefits for Volumetric Biomedical Image Analysis in Research and Medicine
Authors: Krieger Kathrin , Egger Jan , Kleesiek Jens , Gunzer Matthias , Chen Jianxu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
3D data from high-resolution volumetric imaging is a central resource for diagnosis and treatment in modern medicine. While the fast development of AI enhances imaging and analysis, commonly used visualization methods lag far behind. Recent research used extended reality (XR) for perceiving 3D images with visual depth perception and touch but used restrictive haptic devices. While unrestricted touch benefits volumetric data examination, implementing natural haptic interaction with XR is challenging. The research question is whether a multisensory XR application with intuitive haptic interaction adds value and should be pursued. In a study, 24 experts for biomedical images in research and medicine explored 3D medical shapes with 3 applications: a multisensory virtual reality (VR) prototype using haptic gloves, a simple VR prototype using controllers, and a standard PC application. Results of standardized questionnaires showed no significant differences between all application types regarding usability and no significant difference between both VR applications regarding presence. Participants agreed to statements that VR visualizations provide better depth information, using the hands instead of controllers simplifies data exploration, the multisensory VR prototype allows intuitive data exploration, and it is beneficial over traditional data examination methods. While most participants mentioned manual interaction as the best aspect, they also found it the most improvable. We conclude that a multisensory XR application with improved manual interaction adds value for volumetric biomedical data examination. We will proceed with our open-source research project ISH3DE (Intuitive Stereoptic Haptic 3D Data Exploration) to serve medical education, therapeutic decisions, surgery preparations, or research data analysis.
Simultaneous hydrogen production and photocatalytic pollutant removal: a review
Authors: Kumar Amit , Sharma Pankaj , Sharma Gaurav , Dhiman Pooja , Mola Genene Tessema , Farghali Mohamed , Rashwan Ahmed K. , Nasr Mahmoud , Osman Ahmed I. , Wang Tongtong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPollution and the rising energy demand are two major society issues, requiring urgent solutions. Here, we review the simultaneous production of hydrogen and removal of pollutants, with a focus on mechanisms, synthesis of photocatalysts, and applications. Remarkably, this method utilizes organic pollutants as sacrificial agents for photocatalytic hydrogen production, thus both reducing pollution and producing energy. Metal-doped, cocatalyst-loaded, organic and inorganic composite, heterostructure and heterojunction photocatalysts are described. We present applications to the removal of antibiotics and organic dyes. Pollutant degradation rates range from 5.3 to 100%, with hydrogen evolution of 13.7–2724.89 μmol·g–1h–1.
Exposure to Violence and Mental Health Outcomes Among Pre-schoolers in a South African Birth Cohort
Authors: Tsunga Lucinda , Heron Jon , Lake Marilyn T. , Halligan Sarah L. , Malcolm-Smith Susan , Hoffman Nadia , Zar Heather J. , Fraser Abigail , Stein Dan J. , Donald Kirsten A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLittle is known about the relationship between violence exposure and mental health in preschoolers living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Multiple regression analyses investigated associations between violence exposure and mental health in the Drakenstein Child Health Study (N = 978), a South African birth cohort. Lifetime violence exposure was assessed at age 4.5 years using the parent-report Child Exposure to Community Violence Checklist (CECV). Mental health was assessed at age 5 years using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL 1.5–5). Eighty-three percent of the children were exposed to some form of violence. Internalising and externalising behaviours were positively associated with overall violence exposure (β per one unit change in the overall score = 0.55 [0.16, 0.94] and β = 0.53 [0.23, 0.84], respectively), domestic victimisation (β per one unit change in the subscore = 1.28 [0.28, 2.27]; β = 1.14 [0.37, 1.90]) and witnessing community violence (β = 0.77 [0.15, 1.39]; β = 0.68 [0.19, 1.18]). There was a positive association between polyvictimisation and externalising (β = 1.02 [0.30, 1.73]) but not internalising (β = 0.87 [-0.06, 1.80]) behaviour problems. Evidence for an association of witnessing domestic violence with internalising (β = 0.63 [-0.97, 2.24]) or externalising (β = 1.23 [-0.04, 2.50]) behaviours was less robust. There was no association between community victimisation and internalising or externalising behaviours (β = 0.72 [-1.52, 2.97; β = 0.68 [ -1.06, 2.41]). Observations highlight the risk for mental health problems among preschoolers living in high-violence contexts and emphasize the need for early interventions.