bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex Genetic Effects in Quantitative Trait Locus Identification: A Computationally Tractable Random Model for Use in F2 Populations
Authors: Zimmer Daisy , Mayer Manfred , Reinsch Norbert 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Methodology for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) has focused primarily on treating the QTL as a fixed effect. These methods differ from the usual models of genetic variation that treat genetic effects as random. Computationally expensive methods that allow QTL to be treated as random have been explicitly developed for additive genetic and dominance effects. By extending these methods with a variance component method (VCM), multiple QTL can be mapped. We focused on an F2 crossbred population derived from inbred lines and estimated effects for each individual and their corresponding marker-derived genetic covariances. We present extensions to pairwise epistatic effects, which are computationally intensive because a great many individual effects must be estimated. But by replacing individual genetic effects with average genetic effects for each marker class, genetic covariances are approximated. This substantially reduces the computational burden by reducing the dimensions of covariance matrices of genetic effects, resulting in a remarkable gain in the speed of estimating the variance components and evaluating the residual log-likelihood. Preliminary results from simulations indicate competitiveness of the reduced model with multiple-interval mapping, regression interval mapping, and VCM with individual genetic effects in its estimated QTL positions and experimental power.
Association Between Medicaid Reimbursement and Child Influenza Vaccination Rates
Authors: Yoo Byung-Kwang , Berry Andrea , Kasajima Megumi , Szilagyi Peter G. 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE:
We examined associations between influenza vaccination rates and Medicaid reimbursement rates for vaccine administration among poor children who were eligible for Medicaid (&lt;100% of the federal poverty level in all states).

METHODS:
We analyzed 3 consecutive National Immunization Surveys (NISs) to assess influenza vaccination rates among nationally representative children 6 to 23 months of age during the 2005–2006 (unweighted N = 12 885), 2006–2007 (unweighted N = 9238), and 2007–2008 (unweighted N = 11 785) influenza seasons (weighted N = 3.3–4.0 million per season). We categorized children into 3 income levels (poor, near-poor, or nonpoor). We performed analyses with full influenza vaccination as the dependent variable and state Medicaid reimbursement rates (continuous covariate ranging from $2 to $17.86 per vaccination) and terms with income levels as key covariates.

RESULTS:
In total, 21.0%, 21.3%, and 28.9% of all US children and 11.7%, 11.6%, and 18.8% of poor children were fully vaccinated in the 2006, 2007, and 2008 NISs, respectively. Multivariate analyses of all 3 seasons found positive significant (all P &lt; .05) associations between state-level Medicaid reimbursement and influenza vaccination rates among poor children. A $10 increase, from $8 per influenza vaccination (the US average) to $18 (the highest state reimbursement), in the Medicaid reimbursement rate was associated with 6.0-, 9.2-, and 6.4-percentage point increases in full vaccination rates among poor children in the 2006, 2007, and 2008 NIS analyses, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Medicaid reimbursement rates are strongly associated with influenza vaccination rates.
Referral to the Emergency Department by a Primary Care Provider Predicts Severity of Illness
Authors: Rinderknecht Andrea S. , Ho Mona , Matykiewicz Pawel , Grupp-Phelan Jacqueline M. 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to assess whether referral to a pediatric emergency department (PED) by a primary care provider was associated with greater severity of illness, as determined on the basis of clinical measures and increased resource utilization.METHODS:A retrospective study of data for 121 088 children who presented to a PED with abdominal pain, fever, or respiratory complaints during a 5-year period was performed. Demographic data, referral status, and proxy markers of illness severity were collected from the medical records and analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 26.3% of all patients seen in the PED presented with these 3 complaint categories. With adjustment for age, gender, race, and insurance class, referred patients were significantly more likely to have high triage acuity designations, higher rates of very abnormal vital signs, and higher admission rates, compared with patients who were self-referred. Referred patients were more likely to undergo testing (laboratory or radiologic), to receive intravenous fluid therapy and pain medications, and to be assigned higher-severity discharge diagnoses, such as appendicitis, septic shock, or status asthmaticus.CONCLUSIONS:Referral by a primary care provider to a PED was significantly and independently associated with greater severity of illness and resource utilization. Referral status should be considered in algorithms used to triage cases for evaluation in the PED.
The Portal Theory Supported by Venous Drainage–Selective Fat Transplantation
Authors: Rytka Julia M. , Wueest Stephan , Schoenle Eugen J. , Konrad Daniel 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
The “portal hypothesis” proposes that the liver is directly exposed to free fatty acids and cytokines increasingly released from visceral fat tissue into the portal vein of obese subjects, thus rendering visceral fat accumulation particularly hazardous for the development of hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we used a fat transplantation paradigm to (artificially) increase intra-abdominal fat mass to test the hypothesis that venous drainage of fat tissue determines its impact on glucose homeostasis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Epididymal fat pads of C57Bl6/J donor mice were transplanted into littermates, either to the parietal peritoneum (caval/systemic venous drainage) or, by using a novel approach, to the mesenterium, which confers portal venous drainage.

RESULTS
Only mice receiving the portal drained fat transplant developed impaired glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin resistance. mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines was increased in both portally and systemically transplanted fat pads. However, portal vein (but not systemic) plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 were elevated only in mice receiving a portal fat transplant. Intriguingly, mice receiving portal drained transplants from IL-6 knockout mice showed normal glucose tolerance.

CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that the metabolic fate of intra-abdominal fat tissue transplantation is determined by the delivery of inflammatory cytokines to the liver specifically via the portal system, providing direct evidence in support of the portal hypothesis.
Looking for the right human capital proxy
Authors: Kubík Rudolf 
Published: October 2010

Looking for the right human capital proxy
This paper aims to test different approaches of human capital stock approximation. It faces one of the main questions in explaining link between human capital and economic growth. It tries to step forward in answering what is the best proxy of human capital. It starts from Barro & Lee and Cohen & Soto datasets which are expanded by Mincerian approach to human capital measurement and educational structure of population as a human capital proxy. The original dataset covering 73 countries within 1960-1990 is being re-tested and results from panel data regression analyses are compared with expanded dataset.
Human Capital and Innovativeness as Means to Bridging Development Gaps. Poland and the Czech Republic as Case Studies
Authors: Bal-Woźniak Teresa 
Published: October 2010

Human Capital and Innovativeness as Means to Bridging Development Gaps. Poland and the Czech Republic as Case Studies
The aim of this article is to analyze the innovative achievements of selected economies: Polish and Czech. This issue is of fundamental significance for all post socialist countries. Post communist heritage in form of homo sovieticus is really far from innovative performance. The author assumed that innovativeness is the component of human capital whilst the conceptions of innovativeness were dealt with as the development challenge and the criterion of efficiency for contemporary economies, creating the opportunity to speed up the pace of narrowing the development gap. It is reflected in the title of the study. The methodological basis and data source are Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM 2009) and European Innovation Scorecard (EIS 2009). The fulfillment of this aim, in the author's opinion, relied on presenting the coordination of innovative actions of managing entities and underlining the growing significance of network structures. On the basis of the conducted empirical analysis encompassing the years 2003-2008, there was observed, mostly in Poland and to smaller extent in the Czech Republic, a low level of innovativeness and its unsatisfactory dynamics, as well as poor use of relatively numerous human capital for attaining goals. In the conclusion part of the article, there were presented problems connected with the necessity of consequent impact on the quality of human capital and level of innovativeness. In order to overcome barriers, the author postulates to establish a pro-innovative institutional order and indicates the need for systemic attitude towards these reforms.
Obstetric hospitalizations among Italian women, regular and irregular immigrants in North‐Eastern Italy
Authors: Fedeli Ugo , Alba Natalia , Lisiero Manola , Zambon Francesco , Avossa Francesco , Spolaore Paolo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective. Italy has become an important host country for economic immigrants. The study is aimed at providing a descriptive analysis of obstetric hospitalizations among Italian and immigrant women in North‐Eastern Italy. Design. Population‐based registry descriptive study. Setting. Veneto Region, Italy. Methods. All obstetric hospitalizations in 2006–2007 were extracted from the regional archive of hospital discharge records (n = 144,698). Discharges for vaginal delivery, cesarean section, threatened abortion and other antepartum diagnoses, miscarriages, and induced abortions were identified among residents with Italian or foreign citizenship, and irregular immigrants. Hospitalization rates for the above diagnostic categories were computed for Italian and foreign Veneto residents. Main outcome measures. Delivery rates, proportion of cesarean sections, hospitalization rates for antepartum hospitalizations, miscarriage, induced abortion, and hospitalization rate ratios of immigrants versus Italian women. Results. Among Italian women, regular and irregular immigrants, the percentages of teenage deliveries were 0.7, 2.9, and 8.4%; the ratios of miscarriages to deliveries were 0.16, 0.15 and 0.35; the ratios of induced abortions to deliveries were 0.13, 0.24 and 0.81, respectively. Regular immigrants accounted for 10% of population aged 15–49 and for 20% of deliveries. The age‐related increase in miscarriage risk was steeper among regular immigrants. The induced abortions to deliveries ratio peaked among Italians aged <25 and regular immigrants aged ≥35 years. 40% of Italians and 30% of regular immigrants sought care outside nearest hospitals. Conclusions. Wide differences in reproductive behavior, health status, and patterns in the access to health services exist between Italians, regular and irregular immigrants even though they represent three connected populations.
Severe acute maternal morbidity and mode of delivery in the Netherlands
Authors: van Dillen Jeroen , Zwart Joost J. , Schutte Joke , Bloemenkamp Kitty W.M. , van Roosmalen Jos 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the risk of severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) related to mode of delivery. Design. Prospectively nationwide population based cohort study. Setting. All 98 maternity units in the Netherlands. Population. All pregnant women in the Netherlands. Methods. Cases were collected during a 2‐year period. Incidence was assessed for all cases and for a subgroup of cases in which a direct relation between SAMM and mode of delivery was possible. In the latter group, all cases not clearly related to mode of delivery were excluded. Incidence of cesarean section (CS) compared to (attempted) vaginal delivery was calculated, and risk of SAMM after previous CS was assessed. Main outcome measures. Incidence of SAMM by mode of delivery; odds ratios (OR). Results. The incidence of SAMM possibly related to mode of delivery was 6.4/1,000 during elective CS compared to 3.9/1,000 during attempted vaginal delivery (OR 1.7: 95% CI 1.4–2.0). Women with a previous CS were at increased risk for SAMM in their present pregnancy (OR 3.0: 95% CI 2.7–3.3). Conclusion. CS in a previous as well as present pregnancy increased the risk of SAMM. The risk remained increased after excluding those cases where SAMM was not clearly related to mode of delivery.
Major Differences in the Responses of Primary Human Leukocyte Subsets to IFN-β
Authors: van Boxel-Dezaire Anette H. H. , Zula Joana A. , Xu Yaomin , Ransohoff Richard M. , Jacobberger James W. , Stark George R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTreatment of cell lines with type I IFNs activates the formation of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (STAT1/STAT2/IFN regulatory factor-9), which induces the expression of many genes. To study this response in primary cells, we treated fresh human blood with IFN-β and used flow cytometry to analyze phosphorylated STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes. The activation of STAT1 was remarkably different among these leukocyte subsets. In contrast to monocytes and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, few B cells activated STAT1 in response to IFN-β, a finding that could not be explained by decreased levels of IFNAR2 or STAT1 or enhanced levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 or relevant protein tyrosine phosphatases in B cells. Microarray and real-time PCR analyses revealed the induction of STAT1-dependent proapoptotic mRNAs in monocytes but not in B cells. These data show that IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 or STAT1 homodimers are not the main activators of gene expression in primary B cells of healthy humans. Notably, in B cells and, especially in CD4+ T cells, IFN-β activated STAT5 in addition to STAT3, with biological effects often opposite from those driven by activated STAT1. These data help to explain why IFN-β increases the survival of primary human B cells and CD4+ T cells but enhances the apoptosis of monocytes, as well as to understand how leukocyte subsets are differentially affected by endogenous type I IFNs during viral or bacterial infections and by type I IFN treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis, hepatitis, or cancer.
The CDR-H3 Repertoire from TdT-Deficient Adult Bone Marrow Is a Close, but Not Exact, Homologue of the CDR-H3 Repertoire from Perinatal Liver
Authors: Schelonka Robert L. , Ivanov Ivaylo I. , Vale Andre M. , Szymanska Ewa , Zemlin Michael , Gartland G. Larry , Schroeder Harry W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCompared with adult bone marrow (BM), the composition of the perinatal liver CDR-3 of the Ig H chain (CDR-H3) repertoire is marked by a paucity of N nucleotides and by enrichment for use of JH proximal DQ52 and DH proximal VH and JH gene segments. To test the extent to which these differences reflect limited perinatal TdT activity versus differences in the fetal/adult environment, we used the Hardy scheme to sort fractions B–F B lineage cells from TdT-deficient BALB/c adult BM. VH7183-containing VDJCμ transcripts from these cells were amplified, cloned, sequenced, and compared with transcripts from wild-type perinatal liver and adult BM. The pattern of VHDJH usage in TdT-deficient BM largely matched that of TdT-sufficient adult cells. What minor differences were detected in the pro-B cell stage tended to diminish with B cell maturation, suggesting strong environmental or Ag-driven pressure to achieve a specific range of VHDJH usage regardless of the extent of N nucleotide addition. However, although the patterns of VHDJH usage in the TdT-deficient B lineage cells paralleled that of wild-type adult cells, the length distribution, global amino acid composition, and charge distribution of the CDR-H3 repertoire proved to be a close, although not exact, homologue of the CDR-H3 repertoire first expressed by late pre-B cells in the TdT-insufficient perinatal liver. Thus, although differing in VH content, TdT-deficient mice appear to represent a good, although not perfect, model for testing the role of perinatal CDR-H3 limitations on late B cell development and Ab responses.
The Peritoneal Cavity B-2 Antibody Repertoire Appears To Reflect Many of the Same Selective Pressures That Shape the B-1a and B-1b Repertoires
Authors: Vale Andre M. , Tanner Jason M. , Schelonka Robert L. , Zhuang Yingxin , Zemlin Michael , Gartland G. Larry , Schroeder Harry W. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
To assess the extent and nature of somatic categorical selection of CDR-3 of the Ig H chain (CDR-H3) content in peritoneal cavity (PerC) B cells, we analyzed the composition of VH7183DJCμ transcripts derived from sorted PerC B-1a, B-1b, and B-2 cells. We divided these sequences into those that contained N nucleotides (N+) and those that did not (N−) and then compared them with sequences cloned from sorted IgM+IgD+ B cells from neonatal liver and both wild-type and TdT-deficient adult bone marrow. We found that the PerC B-1a N− repertoire is enriched for the signatures of CDR-H3 sequences present in neonatal liver and shares many features with the B-1b N− repertoire, whereas the PerC B-1a N+, B-1b N+, and B-2 N+ repertoires are enriched for adult bone marrow sequence signatures. However, we also found several sequence signatures that were not shared with other mature perinatal or adult B cell subsets but were either unique or variably shared between the two or even among all three of the PerC subsets that we examined. These signatures included more sequences lacking N nucleotides in the B-2 population and an increased use of DH reading frame 2, which created CDR-H3s of greater average hydrophobicity. These findings provide support for both ontogenetic origin and shared Ag receptor-influenced selection as the mechanisms that shape the unique composition of the B-1a, B-1b, and B-2 repertoires. The PerC may thus serve as a general reservoir for B cells with Ag binding specificities that are uncommon in other mature compartments.
Radioiodine is not the Preferred Choice of Treatment for Pediatric Graves' Disease
Authors: Reddy Sagili Vijaya Bhaskar 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation for treatment of hyperthyroidism in Pediatric Graves' disease is effective but limited literature exists regarding its long-term safety. There is no long-term prospective randomized controlled study on long-term safety of pediatric Graves' disease receiving RAI ablation. There are concerns regarding development of both thyroid and non-thyroidal malignancy, and primary hyperparathyroidism in subjects receiving RAI. Current evidences donot support routine use of RAI ablation in such situation. Surgery is a safe option.
Recurrent Para-aortic Paragangliomas
Authors: Antiel Ryan M , Porterfield John R , Farley David R 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Episodic spells of headache, palpitations, and flushing may be the result of catecholamine-secreting tumors such as extra-adrenal paraganglia tissue – paragangliomas. Presentation, diagnostic implications, and radiographic imaging of paragangliomas are discussed within the context of a case presentation. Although the operative cure rate is high, the variable course of the disease requires life-long follow-up.
Nasal Rhinosporidiosis Revisited
Authors: Chandrashekharayya SH , Suligavi SS , Chougule Sachin , Doddamani SS 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRhinosporidiosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. Nasal rhinosporidiosis presents with nasal mass, nasal obstruction and epistaxis. In this study, we present our experience in 17 patients of rhinosporidiosis. Diagnosis was made on clinicopathological features. Different clinical presentations, management by surgical, combined with medical line of treatment are discussed with review of literature
Chronic Rinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis in Nepal
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Sherstha Amar , Gautam Dej , LNU Ojasvini 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis is more common in the age group of 18 to 25 years. Urban population and housewives are more commonly affected. Common complains were headache and nasal blockage in 80% and 76.6% cases respectively. Polyps were common clinical finding in one third of cases. Subjective complete relief was seen in 83.3% of cases after FESS. Eight cases had minor postoperative complications
Ectopic Meningioma of Frontoethmoid Region
Authors: Mishra P , Sharma Anjani , Grover Mohnish 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Meningiomas arise from arachnoid cells. They can occur at intracranial or extracranial sites. Extracranial meningiomas are very rare tumors. They may arise from nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, middle ear, and subcutaneous tissues. The ectopic meningiomas of paranasal sinuses do not have any communication with intracranial meninges. They usually occurs in young males. Imaging studies shows no bone erosion or intracranial extension. Primary surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The present case is reported due to its rarity and presentation at an unusual age.
Intractable Sneezing: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Singh RK , Varshney Saurabh , Bist SS 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Sneezing is usually the physiologic response to nasal irritation but intractable paroxysmal sneezing is very uncommon. Various causative factors have been identified in the literature; these include psychologic problems, cervical lymphadenitis, epilepsy, and allergy. Majority of cases of intractable sneezing are reported among adolescents and are psychogenic in origin. We report one young lady with intractable paroxysmal sneezing in whom the removal of psychogenic stressors resulted in complete remission. The sneezing was continuous but did not occur while talking or sleeping, and did not respond to antihistamines, steroids and bronchodilators. The authors discuss the patients’ treatment and outcomes and the pathophysiology of intractable paroxysmal sneezing.
Button Cell Causing Septal Perforation in a Child
Authors: Bhatia Rajat 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
A button battery inserted in the nose of children is an unusual foreign body which is capable of causing extensive tissue damage, resulting from electrical and chemical burns. We report a case of an ignored button battery in the nose of a 4 years old presenting with unilateral discharge and bleeding along with pain in the left nasal cavity. The foreign body was removed using endoscope but it had perforated the septum by the time. We report this case to emphasise the hazards of button battery impaction and the value of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious complications.