bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation and determination of β‐casomorphins by using glass microfluidic chip electrophoresis together with laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Wang ZongWen , Wang WenJian , Wang Wei , Xu LiangJun , Chen GuoNan , Fu FengFu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA simple, reliable and reproducible method for the separation and determination of five β‐casomorphins (β‐CMs, namely TPGN, PGPI, TPGI, TPGP and TPPG) based on glass microfluidic chip electrophoresis and laser‐induced fluorescence detection is first described in here. The microfluidic chip electrophoresis and laser‐induced fluorescence detection system consisted of a home‐made glass “double‐T” microchip and a simple LIF detector with excitation and emission wavelengths of 473 and 525 nm, respectively. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the precolumn derivatization reagent to label fluorophore on five β‐CMs, and the optimum conditions of FITC‐derivatization reaction and MCE separation were investigated in detail. Under optimum conditions, five β‐CMs were completely separated and detected within 30 min with a detection limit of 18.7–75.1 nmol/L and an RSD (n=5) of 3.0–5.9%, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully used to detect β‐CMs in real cheese sample with a recovery of 89–109%, suggesting that our method is sensitive and reliable. These features, as well as its low cost, operation convenience, stability and reusability, make it a promising alternative to β‐CMs detection methods.
Roller coaster–induced barotrauma
Authors: Al‐Khudari Samer , Loochtan Michael , Yaremchuk Kathleen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present the case of a 24‐year‐old male who presented to the otolaryngology clinic for otalgia and aural fullness after riding a roller coaster. We present his clinical course and outcome and briefly discuss the mechanism of injury and otologic barotrauma. Roller coasters have been reported as the cause of many different types of injuries, but this is the first reported case of otologic barotrauma. As the engineering for roller coasters continues to advance in terms of increasing speed, otolaryngologists need to be aware of a new etiology of otologic barotrauma. Laryngoscope, 2011
Early, progressive, and sustained dysfunction of sensory axons underlies paclitaxel‐induced neuropathy
Authors: Park Susanna B. , Lin Cindy S.‐Y. , Krishnan Arun V. , Friedlander Michael L. , Lewis Craig R. , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPaclitaxel is used in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. It induces disabling and potentially long‐lasting sensory neuropathy. This study systematically and prospectively investigated sensory function, using clinical grading scales, quantitative sensory testing, and neurophysiological and nerve excitability studies in 28 patients with early‐stage breast cancer. After administration of 529 ± 41 mg/m2 paclitaxel, 71% of patients developed neuropathic symptoms by 6 weeks of treatment. Early and progressive increases in stimulus threshold (P < 0.05) and reduction in sensory amplitudes from 47.0 ± 3.3 μV to 42.4 ± 3.4 μV (P < 0.05) occurred by 4 weeks, with a further reduction by final treatment (33.7 ± 3.0 μV, P < 0.001). The majority of patients (63%) did not experience recovery of neuropathic symptoms at follow‐up. Axonal disruption did not relate to membrane conductance dysfunction. We found that paclitaxel produces early sensory dysfunction and leads to persistent neuropathy. Importantly, significant axonal dysfunction within the first month of treatment predated symptom onset, suggesting a window for neuroprotective therapies. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Imaging tumor hypoxia by magnetic resonance methods
Authors: Pacheco‐Torres Jesús , López‐Larrubia Pilar , Ballesteros Paloma , Cerdán Sebastián 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTumor hypoxia results from the negative balance between the oxygen demands of the tissue and the capacity of the neovasculature to deliver sufficient oxygen. The resulting oxygen deficit has important consequences with regard to the aggressiveness and malignancy of tumors, as well as their resistance to therapy, endowing the imaging of hypoxia with vital repercussions in tumor prognosis and therapy design. The molecular and cellular events underlying hypoxia are mediated mainly through hypoxia‐inducible factor, a transcription factor with pleiotropic effects over a variety of cellular processes, including oncologic transformation, invasion and metastasis. However, few methodologies have been able to monitor noninvasively the oxygen tensions in vivo. MRI and MRS are often used for this purpose. Most MRI approaches are based on the effects of the local oxygen tension on: (i) the relaxation times of 19F or 1H indicators, such as perfluorocarbons or their 1H analogs; (ii) the hemodynamics and magnetic susceptibility effects of oxy‐ and deoxyhemoglobin; and (iii) the effects of paramagnetic oxygen on the relaxation times of tissue water. 19F MRS approaches monitor tumor hypoxia through the selective accumulation of reduced nitroimidazole derivatives in hypoxic zones, whereas electron spin resonance methods determine the oxygen level through its influence on the linewidths of appropriate paramagnetic probes in vivo. Finally, Overhauser‐enhanced MRI combines the sensitivity of EPR methodology with the resolution of MRI, providing a window into the future use of hyperpolarized oxygen probes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of executive compensation in small business development centers
Authors: Gray Samuel R. , Benson Philip G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe develop and test a model of nonprofit executive compensation based on theories of organizational science,
economics, and agency theory. Our sample consisted of 114 directors of small business development centers in the
United States. Consistent with our model, we find significant effects for human capital, organizational size,
and organizational affiliation. We find tentative support for a significant pay‐for‐performance
relationship. We find that when education, tenure, size, performance, and affiliation are held constant, female
executives are compensated significantly less than male executives.
SUB‐NATIONAL GOVERNMENT CAPITAL SPENDING IN INDONESIA: LEVEL, STRUCTURE, AND FINANCING
Authors: Lewis Blane D. , Oosterman André 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSub‐national government capital spending is important for both public service delivery and economic development. Currently, Indonesian sub‐national public capital spending appears barely sufficient to cover the annual depreciation of its fixed assets. A substantial proportion of local government investment spending goes to create relatively unproductive assets, such as administrative office buildings. Sub‐national governments finance their capital acquisitions out of gross operating budgets and have thus far not used, to any great extent, either borrowed funds or their significant cash reserves for such purposes. Indonesian sub‐nationals need to spend more on capital than they do now and also need to focus that spending on more useful types of infrastructure. The major constraints to increasing capital spending at the sub‐national level are not related to a dearth of finance, but regulatory rigidities in budget preparation and implementation and, most importantly, a lack of capacity to plan, design and implement investment projects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mines Daniel , Gu Yun , Kou Tzuyung Doug , Cooper Gregory S 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) during lumbar spinal fusion surgery affects subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer.MethodsUsing US Medicare claims data, we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgery between October 2003 and December 2005. The study population, all >66 years, was identified from procedure codes for lumbar fusion. Claims for a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) served as a proxy for rhBMP‐2 exposure (another BMP product shared the same code). Pancreatic cancer was identified from claims indicating this diagnosis and cancer‐specific therapy. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs.ResultsOf the 93 654 patients in the study, the mean age was 75 years, and 16.5% had claims for BMP. During a mean 1.4 years of follow‐up, 91 patients were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (eight in the BMP‐ and 83 in the non‐BMP cohort). Consistent with previous research, pancreatic cancer was associated with older age, male gender, black race, and diabetes mellitus. Compared to those who did not receive BMP, patients exposed to BMP were not at increased risk of pancreatic cancer (adjusted HR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.34–1.45). A chart review substudy validated the exposure measure; 52/55 patients with claims for BMP received rhBMP‐2.ConclusionsIn this large study of elderly patients who underwent lumbar fusion surgery, exposure to BMP was not associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum SP‐D levels as a biomarker of lung injury in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
Authors: Kawasaki Yukihiko , Endo Kisei , Suyama Kazuhide , Sato Masatoki , Ito Masaki , Hashimoto Koichi , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTo evaluate whether SP‐D concentration is a useful biomarker of the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, we determined SP‐D concentrations in patients with RSV bronchiolitis with or without chronic heart disease. We enrolled 52 patients who had been diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis and required admission to the hospital at the Department of Pediatrics of Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine from 2004 through 2005. These patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of patients without any underlying disease and Group 2 consisted of patients with chronic heart disease. These patients were assigned to one of three categories. Stage A consisted of patients without oxygen dosage, Stage B of patients who required oxygen dosage, and Stage C of patients required artificial respiration. We evaluated baseline characteristics, clinical features, and serum SP‐D concentration in Group 1, Group 2, and a control group (healthy infants without infection). Mean serum SP‐D concentrations in patients with RSV bronchiolitis were higher than those in the control group (125.8 ± 49.3 and 44.2 ± 20.1 ng/ml, respectively). Mean serum SP‐D concentration was also higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 patients (160.4 ± 56.4 and 112.3 ± 39.4 ng/ml, respectively). Mean serum SP‐D concentrations were higher in Stage C than in Stages A or B patients, and mean serum SP‐D concentrations were higher in Stage B than in Stage A. These findings suggest that serum SP‐D is associated with the severity of RSV bronchiolitis and that it may be a useful biomarker for the severity of RSV bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:18–22. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of boron on formation of interstitial‐related luminescence centres in ion implanted silicon
Authors: McCallum J. C. , Villis B. J. , Johnson B. C. , Stavrias N. , Burgess J. E. , Charnvanichborikarn S. , Wong‐Leung J. , Williams J. S. , Jagadish C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe presence of boron in silicon has been shown to have a deleterious effect on the luminescence of interstitial‐related centres, particularly the W‐centre which is often observed after ion implantation and a low temperature anneal. Competition between silicon‐interstitial and boron‐interstitial centre formation is considered to be a possible mechanism underlying this dramatic reduction. Previous work on silicon implantation of boron‐doped substrates is extended to examine the effect of B implantation itself on W‐centre formation. W centres formed via the implantation of B and a low temperature anneal and via a Si implant over an activated B‐implant profile followed by low temperature anneal are compared. These studies contrast the effects of boron and silicon implantation and examine the effect of overlapping implantation profiles. Studying the effect of boron on optical centre formation provides insight into defect interactions in silicon and new data for theoretical modelling.
Effects of polarization charge on the photovoltaic properties of InGaN solar cells
Authors: Li Z. Q. , Lestradet M. , Xiao Y. G. , Li S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe effects of interface polarization charge on the photovoltaic characteristics of GaN/InGaN solar cells have been analyzed in detail using 2D drift‐diffusion simulations. The polarization charge at the GaN/InGaN interface creates an electric field that forces carriers generated by light to drift in opposite direction needed for efficient collection and substantially reduces the short circuit current (Isc) and open circuit voltage (Voc). The polarization charge plays an important role in the photovoltaic properties of InGaN solar cells comparable to that of defects. For small interface charge, the potential barrier could increase the Voc.
Detection, characterization and identification of major constituents in Zhimu‐Baihe herb‐pair extract by fast high‐performance liquid chromatography and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry through dynamic adjustment of fragmentor voltage
Authors: Wang Keren , Zhu Zhenyu , Yang Ling , Gao Yue , Liu Wenyong , Zhang Hai , Chai Yifeng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis work describes a novel methodology for unequivocal identification of chemical constituents in Zhimu‐Baihe herb‐pair (ZMBHHP). Compounds were removed from ZMBHHP by ultrasonic extraction with 70% ethanol, and then analyzed by fast high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). The accurate‐mass capability of the TOF analyzer allowed reliable confirmation of the identity of the detected compounds, normally with mass errors below 3 ppm in routine analysis. This mass accuracy was sufficient to verify the elemental compositions of the chemical constituents in ZMBHHP. With dynamic adjustment of fragmentor voltage in TOFMS, an efficient ion transmission was achieved to obtain the best sensitivity and abundant fragmentation. By accurate mass measurements for each molecular ion and subsequent fragment ions, a reliable identification and differentiation of 24 saponins, 3 xanthones, 1 anthraquinone and 2 alkaloids was described here, including four groups of isomers. It is concluded that this fast and sensitive HPLC/ESI‐TOFMS technique is powerful in qualitative analysis of complex herbal medicines in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, resolving power, time savings and lower solvent consumption. Furthermore, the data gathered in this study may be helpful for understanding the synergistic nature of this herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and further pharmacokinetic studies of ZMBHHP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transforming energy instruction in middle school to support integrated understanding and future learning
Authors: Nordine Jeffrey , Krajcik Joseph , Fortus David 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEnergy is a fundamental unifying concept of science, yet common approaches to energy instruction in middle school have shown little success with helping students develop their naïve ideas about energy into more sophisticated understandings that are useful for making sense of their experiences. While traditional energy instruction often focuses on simple calculations of energy in idealized systems, we developed a new middle school energy unit that focuses qualitatively on the energy transformations that occur in everyday, nonidealized, systems. In this article, we describe our approach to energy instruction and report the effects this approach had on students' energy conceptions, ability to perform on distal criterion‐referenced assessments, and preparation for future energy‐related learning. Results indicate that during instruction, students' energy conceptions progress from a set of disconnected ideas toward an integrated understanding that is organized around the principle of transformation, and that these more integrated conceptions both boost students' ability to make sense of everyday phenomena and lay the groundwork for more efficient and meaningful energy‐related learning in the future. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:670–699, 2011
Computer Aided Design of New Forging Technology for Crank Shafts
Authors: Walczyk W. , Milenin A. , Pietrzyk M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractApplication of numerical simulations to improve forging technology for crank shafts is the objective of this work. Plastometric tests were performed for steels used for manufacturing of crank shafts and a rheological model for these steels was determined. Inverse analysis was applied for the identification of the model parameters. This model was implemented in the finite element software and simulations of various variants of forging were performed. Results of simulations were used to select the best variant, which gives the lowest loses of the material and proper shape of the final product.
GABAA Receptor Signaling Induces Osmotic Swelling and Cell Cycle Activation of Neonatal Prominin+ Precursors
Authors: Cesetti Tiziana , Fila Tatiana , Obernier Kirsten , Bengtson C. Peter , Li Yuting , Mandl Claudia , Hölzl-Wenig Gabriele , Ciccolini Francesca 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Signal-regulated changes in cell size affect cell division and survival and therefore are central to tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. In this respect, GABA receptors (GABAARs) are of particular interest because allowing anions flow across the cell membrane modulates the osmolyte flux and the cell volume. Therefore, we have here investigated the hypothesis that GABA may regulate neural stem cell proliferation by inducing cell size changes. We found that, besides neuroblasts, also neural precursors in the neonatal murine subependymal zone sense GABA via GABAARs. However, unlike in neuroblasts, where it induced depolarization-mediated [Ca2+]i increase, GABAARs activation in precursors caused hyperpolarization. This resulted in osmotic swelling and increased surface expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs). Furthermore, activation of GABAARs signaling in vitro in the presence of EGF modified the expression of the cell cycle regulators, phosphatase and tensin homolog and cyclin D1, increasing the pool of cycling precursors without modifying cell cycle length. A similar effect was observed on treatment with diazepam. We also demonstrate that GABA and diazepam responsive precursors represent prominin+ stem cells. Finally, we show that as in in vitro also in in vivo a short administration of diazepam promotes EGFR expression in prominin+ stem cells causing activation and cell cycle entry. Thus, our data indicate that endogenous GABA is a part of a regulatory mechanism of size and cell cycle entry of neonatal stem cells. Our results also have potential implications for the therapeutic practices that involve exposure to GABAARs modulators during neurodevelopment.
Pretreatment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Pioglitazone Improved Efficiency of Cardiomyogenic Transdifferentiation and Cardiac Function
Authors: Shinmura Daisuke , Togashi Ikuko , Miyoshi Shunichiro , Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Hida Naoko , Tsuji Hiroko , Tsuruta Hikaru , Segawa Kaoru , Tsukada Yuiko , Ogawa Satoshi , Umezawa Akihiro 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The efficacy of transplantation of default human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was modest. In this study, our challenge was to improve the efficacy of MSC transplantation in vivo by pretreatment of MSCs with pioglitazone. MSCs were cultured with or without medium containing 1 μM of pioglitazone before cardiomyogenic induction. After cardiomyogenic induction in vitro, cardiomyogenic transdifferentiation efficiency (CTE) was calculated by immunocytochemistry using anti-cardiac troponin-I antibody. For the in vivo experiments, myocardial infarction (MI) at the anterior left ventricle was made in nude rats. Two weeks after MI, MSCs pretreated with pioglitazone (p-BM; n = 30) or without pioglitazone (BM; n = 17) were injected, and then survived for 2 weeks. We compared left ventricular function by echocardiogram and immunohistochemistry to observe cardiomyogenic transdifferentiation in vivo. Pretreatment with pioglitazone significantly increased the CTE in vitro (1.9% ± 0.2% n = 47 vs. 39.5% ± 4.7% n = 13, p &lt; .05). Transplantation of pioglitazone pretreated MSCs significantly improved change in left ventricular % fractional shortening (BM; −4.8% ± 2.1%, vs. p-BM; 5.2% ± 1.5%). Immunohistochemistry revealed significant improvement of cardiomyogenic transdifferentiation in p-BM in vivo (BM; 0% ± 0% n = 5, vs. p-BM; 0.077% ± 0.041% n = 5). Transplantation of pioglitazone-pretreated MSCs significantly improved cardiac function and can be a promising cardiac stem cell source to expect cardiomyogenesis.
Growth Factor Independence 1 Protects Hematopoietic Stem Cells Against Apoptosis but Also Prevents the Development of a Myeloproliferative-Like Disease
Authors: Khandanpour Cyrus , Kosan Christian , Gaudreau Marie-Claude , Dührsen Ulrich , Hébert Josée , Zeng Hui , Möröy Tarik 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The regulation of gene transcription is elementary for the function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The transcriptional repressor growth factor independence 1 (Gfi1) restricts HSC proliferation and is essential to maintain their self-renewal capacity and multipotency after transplantation. In addition, Gfi1−/− HSCs are severely compromised in their ability to compete with wild-type (wt) HSCs after transplantation. We now report that Gfi1 protects HSCs against stress-induced apoptosis, probably, by repressing the proapoptotic target gene Bax, since irradiated Gfi1−/− HSCs display higher expression of Bax and show a higher rate of apoptosis than wt HSCs. This protective function of Gfi1 appears to be functionally relevant since Gfi1−/− HSCs that express Bcl-2, which antagonizes the effects of Bax, regain their ability to self renew and to initiate multilineage differentiation after transplantation. Surprisingly, Gfi1−/−xBcl-2 transgenic mice also show a strong, systemic expansion of Mac-1+Gr-1− myeloid cells in bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid organs. These cells express high levels of the proleukemogenic transcription factor Hoxa9 and, in older mice, appear as atypical monocytoid-blastoid cells in the peripheral blood. As a result of this massive expansion of myeloid cells, all Gfi1−/−xBcl-2 mice eventually succumb to a myeloproliferative-like disease resembling a preleukemic state. In summary, our data demonstrate that Gfi1's ability to protect against apoptosis is essential for HSC function. In addition, our finding show that Gfi1 prevents the development of myeloproliferative diseases and provides evidence how Gfi1 deficiency could be linked to myeloid leukemia.