bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uranium(VI) diffusion in low-permeability subsurface materials
Authors: Liu Chongxuan , Zhong Lirong , Zachara John M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Uranium(VI) diffusion was investigated in a fine-grained saprolite sediment that was collected from U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge site, TN, where uranium contamination in groundwater is a major environmental concern. U(VI) diffusion was studied in a diffusion cell with one cell end in contact with a large, air-equilibrated electrolyte reservoir. The pH, carbonate and U(VI) concentrations in the reservoir solution were varied to investigate the effect of solution chemical composition and uranyl speciation on U(VI) diffusion. The rates of U(VI) diffusion were evaluated by monitoring the U(VI) concentration in the reservoir solution as a function of time; and by measuring the total concentration of U(VI) extracted from the sediment as a function of time and distance in the diffusion cells. The estimated apparent rate of U(VI) diffusion varied significantly with pH, with the slowest rate observed at pH 7 as a result of strong adsorptive retardation. The estimated retardation factor was generally consistent with a surface complexation model. Numerical simulations indicated that a species-based diffusion model that incorporated both aqueous and surface complexation reactions was required to describe U(VI) diffusion in the low permeability material under variable geochemical conditions. Our results implied that low permeability materials will play an important role in storing U(VI) and attenuating U(VI) plume migration at circumneutral pH conditions, and will serve as a long-term source for releasing U(VI) back to the nearby aquifer during and after aquifer decontamination.
Distribution of Cs and Am in the solution-bentonite colloids-granite ternary system: effect of addition order and sorption reversibility
Authors: Iijima Kazuki , Tomura T. , Tobita M. , Suzuki Y. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Bentonite colloids may be generated from bentonite in the geological disposal system planned in Japan, and sorb radionuclides (RNs) thus facilitating migration. In this context, distribution coefficients and reversibility of the sorption of RNs onto colloids are sensitive factors in safety assessment. In this study, distribution behavior of Cs and Am in the synthetic groundwater-bentonite colloids-granite ternary system was investigated by batch methods. To evaluate the sorption reversibility, three series with different addition order of components were prepared, such as CR+G corresponding to the series beginning with a colloid (C)–RN (R) solution binary system followed by addition of granite (G) after around 100 d, GR+C and CG+R. Distribution coefficients for the bentonite colloids (R
d,col) interaction with Cs obtained in CR+G and CG+R are similar to calculated value (6.7–15 m3 kg−1) based on a previously reported sorption model, while that of GR+C is higher. Considering the contribution of micaceous colloids generated from granite, high R
d,col in GR+C can be explained. The experimental R
d,col data for Am in each series show similar values and agree well with calculation results (7.6×103–8.7×103 m3 kg−1) by applying the sorption models. Therefore, it is concluded that the sorption behavior of Cs and Am onto the bentonite colloids are reversible and the sorption models developed in the binary system are applicable to the ternary system. Interaction of Cs with granite shows slow kinetics both in sorption and desorption process. The K
d,gra values for Am in CR+G are lower than those of other series just after addition of granite, however, they gradually increase with time and finally congruent values are attained. The concentration of free Am in CR+G is one order of magnitude higher than that in GR+C in spite of the ternary system under similar chemical conditions of the solution, suggesting temporal generation of species such as colloidal Am which is not sorbed on granite in CR+G.
Influence of Birth Hospital on Outcomes of Ductal-Dependent Cardiac Lesions
Authors: Bennett Tellen D. , Klein Matthew B. , Sorensen Mathew D. , De Roos Anneclaire J. , Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to determine the effect of birth hospital pediatric cardiac specialty center status and neonatal level of care on 90-day mortality for infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease.

METHODS:
A population-based, retrospective, cohort study was conducted in Washington State in 1987–2006. All infants born in Washington with gestational ages of ≥32 weeks and birth weights of ≥1500 g who were admitted to a Washington hospital for the care of a congenital cardiac anomaly likely to be ductal dependent were included. Subjects were required to receive a surgical or interventional cardiac procedure within 30 days after birth. Birth certificate data were linked with death certificate data and hospital administrative records. The exposures of interest were birth hospital pediatric cardiac specialty center status and neonatal level of care. The primary outcome was death within 90 days.

RESULTS:
A total of 823 infants met the inclusion criteria, 285 born at specialty centers and 538 at other centers. After adjustment for cardiac diagnoses, other congenital anomalies, birth year, maternal income quartile, and definitive-care hospital, there was no significant difference in 90-day mortality for infants born at specialty centers versus other centers (odds ratio: 1.05 [95% confidence interval: 0.65–1.68]).

CONCLUSION:
For infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease, there was no difference in 90-day mortality for infants born at specialty centers versus other centers in the state of Washington.
Therapeutic Acetaminophen Is Not Associated With Liver Injury in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lavonas Eric J. , Reynolds Kate M. , Dart Richard C. 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND:Concern exists about the potential for liver injury with therapeutic dosing of acetaminophen in children.OBJECTIVE:We systematically reviewed the medical literature to determine the rate at which liver injury has been reported for children prescribed therapeutic doses of acetaminophen (≤75 mg/kg per day orally or intravenously or ≤100 mg/kg per day rectally).METHODS:We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to locate all studies in which acetaminophen was administered to a defined pediatric population for ≥24 hours and for all case reports of liver injury after therapeutic acetaminophen dosing. Trained reviewers extracted data from each report. Major and minor hepatic adverse events (AEs) were defined prospectively. Causality was assessed by using the Naranjo algorithm.RESULTS:A total of 62 studies that enrolled 32 414 children were included. No child (0% [95% confidence interval: 0.000–0.009]) was reported to have exhibited signs or symptoms of liver disease, to have received an antidote or transplantation, or to have died. Major or minor hepatic AEs were reported for 10 children (0.031% [95% confidence interval: 0.015–0.057]). The highest transaminase value reported was 600 IU/L. Naranjo scores (2–3) suggested “possible” causation. Twenty-two case reports were identified. In 9 cases, the Naranjo score suggested “probable” causation (5–6).CONCLUSIONS:Hepatoxicity after therapeutic dosing of acetaminophen in children is rarely reported in defined-population studies. Case reports suggest that this phenomenon may occur, but few reports contain sufficient data to support a probable causal relationship.
Food Insecurity: Could School Food Supplementation Help Break Cycles of Intergenerational Transmission of Social Inequalities?
Authors: Roustit Christelle , Hamelin Anne-Marie , Grillo Francesca , Martin Judith , Chauvin Pierre 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:The aim of our study was to investigate the moderating effect of school food programs in schools in disadvantaged neighborhoods on the association between household food insecurity and scholastic difficulties among adolescents.METHODS:We analyzed data from the Social and Health Survey of Children and Adolescents in Quebec, Canada, which was conducted in 1999 and included 2346 adolescent students 13 and 16 years of age (and 1983 of their parents). Sample-weighted regression analyses were performed to determine the association between household food insecurity and school difficulties and to explore the moderating role of food supplementation programs with respect to this association.RESULTS:Household food insecurity, which was linked to the indicators of family socioeconomic status, was strongly associated with the indicators of scholastic difficulties. This association disappeared for adolescents who benefited from food supplementation programs in schools in disadvantaged neighborhoods. The risk of school activity limitation decreased from OR = 2.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41–5.41) to OR = 1.57 (95% CI: 1.35–3.40), the risk of below-average grades in the language of instruction decreased from OR = 2.19 (95% CI: 1.28–3.74) to OR = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.21–1.63), the risk of repeating a year decreased from OR = 2.14 (95% CI: 1.35–3.40) to OR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.42–1.81), and the risk of self-rated poor academic performance decreased from OR = 1.74 (95% CI: 1.08–2.81) to OR = 0.81(95% CI: 0.37–1.78).CONCLUSION:School food supplementation is a moderating factor in the association between household food insecurity and scholastic difficulties for adolescents.
Risk Factors in Children Hospitalized With RSV Bronchiolitis Versus Non–RSV Bronchiolitis
Authors: García Carla G. , Bhore Rafia , Soriano-Fallas Alejandra , Trost Margaret , Chason Rebecca , Ramilo Octavio , Mejias Asuncion 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND:
The trends in hospitalization rates and risk factors for severe bronchiolitis have not been recently described, especially after the routine implementation of prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections.

OBJECTIVES:
To define the burden of hospitalizations related to RSV and non-RSV bronchiolitis in a tertiary-care children's hospital from 2002 to 2007 and to identify the risk factors associated with severe disease.

METHODS:
Medical records of patients hospitalized for bronchiolitis were reviewed for demographic, clinical, microbiologic, and radiologic characteristics as well as the presence of underlying medical conditions. Differences were evaluated between children with RSV and non-RSV bronchiolitis, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for severe disease.

RESULTS:
Bronchiolitis hospitalizations in children younger than 2 years old (n = 4800) significantly increased from 536 (3.3%) in 2002 to 1241 (5.5%) in 2007, mainly because of RSV infections. Patients with RSV bronchiolitis (n = 2840 [66%]) were younger at hospitalization and had a lower percentage of underlying medical conditions than children hospitalized with non-RSV bronchiolitis (27 vs 37.5%; P &lt; .001). However, disease severity defined by length of hospitalization and requirement of supplemental oxygen, intensive care, and mechanical ventilation was significantly worse in children with RSV bronchiolitis. RSV infection and prematurity, regardless of the etiology, were identified as independent risk factors for severe bronchiolitis.

CONCLUSIONS:
There was a significant increase in hospitalizations for RSV bronchiolitis from 2002 to 2007. A majority of the children with RSV bronchiolitis were previously healthy, but their disease severity was worse compared with those hospitalized with non-RSV bronchiolitis.
Left Vocal Cord Paralysis After Extreme Preterm Birth, a New Clinical Scenario in Adults
Authors: Røksund Ola Drange , Clemm Hege , Heimdal John Helge , Aukland Stein Magnus , Sandvik Lorentz , Markestad Trond , Halvorsen Thomas 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to study the incidence and long-term consequences of left vocal cord paralysis (LVCP) after neonatal surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a population-based cohort of adults who were born at gestational ages of ≤28 weeks or with birth weights of ≤1000 g in western Norway.

METHODS:
Subjects with a history of neonatal PDA surgery were examined with transnasal flexible laryngoscopy, and those with LVCP were examined with continuous laryngoscopy during maximal treadmill exercise (continuous laryngoscopy exercise testing). All subjects underwent lung function testing, ergospirometry, and pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography. Symptoms were recorded with a questionnaire.

RESULTS:
Forty-four (86%) of 51 eligible preterm infants participated in the study, 13 (26%) had a history of PDA surgery and 7 (54%) had LVCP, with the laryngeal appearances varying slightly. As a group, subjects with LVCP had significant airway obstruction, no decreases in aerobic capacity, and no obvious evidence of longstanding aspiration on high-resolution computed tomography scans. The continuous laryngoscopy exercise tests revealed increasing respiratory symptoms in parallel with increasing anteromedial collapse of the left aryepiglottic folds as the exercise load increased. Hoarseness and voice-related symptoms were the most typical complaints. Symptoms were attributed erroneously to other diseases for at least 2 subjects.

CONCLUSIONS:
LVCP is not uncommon in young adults exposed to PDA surgery as preterm infants. The condition may be overlooked easily, and symptoms may be confused with those of other diseases. Laryngoscopy should be offered on the basis of liberal indications after PDA ligation.
Late-Preterm Birth and Its Association With Cognitive and Socioemotional Outcomes at 6 Years of Age
Authors: Talge Nicole M. , Holzman Claudia , Wang Jianling , Lucia Victoria , Gardiner Joseph , Breslau Naomi 
Published: November 2010

INTRODUCTION:Late-preterm birth (34–36 weeks' gestation) has been associated with a risk for long-term cognitive and socioemotional problems. However, many studies have not incorporated measures of important contributors to these outcomes, and it is unclear whether effects attributed to gestational age are separate from fetal growth or its proxy, birth weight for gestational age.METHOD:Data came from a study of low- and normal-weight births sampled from urban and suburban settings between 1983 and 1985 (low birth weight, n = 473; normal birth weight; n = 350). Random sampling was used to pair singletons born late-preterm with a term counterpart whose birth weight z score was within 0.1 SD of his or her match (n = 168 pairs). With random-effects models, we evaluated whether pairs differed in their IQ scores and teacher-reported behavioral problems at the age of 6 years.RESULTS:In adjusted models, late-preterm birth was associated with an increased risk of full-scale (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–4.61]) and performance (aOR: 2.04 [95% CI: 1.09–3.82]) IQ scores below 85. Late-preterm birth was associated with higher levels of internalizing and attention problems, findings that were replicated in models that used thresholds marking borderline or clinically significant problems (aOR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.28–4.32] and 1.76 [95% CI: 1.04–3.0], respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Late-preterm birth is associated with behavioral problems and lower IQ at the age of 6, independent of maternal IQ, residential setting, and sociodemographics. Future research is needed to investigate whether these findings result from a reduction in gestational length, in utero (eg, obstetric complications) or ex-utero (eg, neonatal complications) factors marked by late-preterm birth, or some combination of these factors.
Treatment of Class II Molar Furcation Involvement: Meta‐Analyses of Reentry Results
Authors: Kinaia Bassam Michael , Steiger Jacob , Neely Anthony L. , Shah Maanas , Bhola Monish 
Published: November 2010

Background: Predictable regeneration of lost periodontal tissues in furcations is difficult to achieve. This paper investigates the efficacy of different treatment modalities for Class II molar furcations.Methods: Publications in English were searched using PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases combined with hand searching from January 1, 1966 to October 1, 2007. The search included randomized controlled human trials in molar Class II furcations with over 6 months of surgical reentry follow‐up. Changes in vertical probing depths, vertical attachment levels, and vertical and horizontal bone levels were compared.Results: The search identified 801 articles of which 34 of 108 randomized clinical trials met the criteria. Thirteen trials had test and control arms allowing three meta‐analyses: 1) five comparing non‐resorbable versus resorbable membranes, 2) five comparing non‐resorbable membranes versus open flap debridement and 3) three comparing resorbable membranes versus open flap debridement. There was significant improvement for resorbable versus non‐resorbable membranes mainly in vertical bone fill (0.77 ± 0.33 mm; [95% CI; 0.13, 1.41]). Non‐resorbable membranes showed significant improvement in vertical probing reduction (0.75 ± 0.31 mm; [95% CI; 0.14, 1.35]), attachment gain (1.41 ± 0.46 mm; [95% CI; 0.50, 2.31]), horizontal bone fill (1.16 ± 0.29 mm; [95% CI; 0.59, 1.73]), and vertical bone fill (0.58 ± 0.11 mm; [95% CI; 0.35, 0.80]) over open flap debridement. Resorbable membranes showed significant improvement in vertical probing reduction (0.73 ± 0.16 mm; [95% CI; 0.42, 1.05]), attachment gain (0.88 ± 0.16 mm; [95% CI; 0.55, 1.20]), horizontal bone fill (0.98 ± 0.12 mm; [95% CI; 0.74, 1.21]) and vertical bone fill (0.78 ± 0.19 mm; [95% CI; 0.42, 1.15]) over open flap debridement.Conclusions: Guided tissue regeneration with the use of resorbable membranes was superior to non‐resorbable membranes in vertical bone fill. Both types of membranes were more effective than open flap debridement in reducing vertical probing depths and gaining vertical attachment levels and in gaining vertical and horizontal bone.
One‐Stage Full‐Mouth Disinfection as a Therapeutic Approach for Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Aimetti Mario , Romano Federica , Guzzi Nicoletta , Carnevale Gianfranco 
Published: November 2010

Background: Data concerning treatment outcomes in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) are limited. The aim of this study is to investigate 6‐month clinical and microbiologic outcomes of the one‐stage full‐mouth disinfection (OSFMD) in the management of patients with GAgP.Methods: Twenty‐seven patients with advanced GAgP were included in this prospective follow‐up intervention study. Clinical and microbiologic parameters were collected at baseline and 3 and 6 months after the OSFMD. Patient‐, tooth‐, and site‐level analyses were carried out. Subgingival samples from moderate (4 to 5 mm) and deep (≥6 mm) pocket sites were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), and Treponema denticola.Results: The OSFMD resulted in significant improvements in all parameters. After 6 months, the whole‐mouth probing depth (PD) decreased from 4.2 ± 1.1 mm to 2.8 ± 0.6 mm, and the clinical attachment level was reduced from 4.5 ± 1.2 mm to 3.4 ± 1.1 mm (P <0.001). When data were analyzed based on the frequency distribution of PD, the number of sites with PD ≥5 mm decreased by 61% from baseline values, and mean PD reductions of 1.5 and 2.5 mm were noted in moderate and deep pockets, respectively. At 6 months, percentages of moderate and deep sites free of pathogens were 40% and 27%, respectively.Conclusion: The OSFMD may be a viable approach to deal with severe GAgP.
Effects of Platelet‐Rich Plasma on Sinus Bone Graft: Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bae Ji‐Hyun , Kim Young‐Kyun , Myung Seung‐Kwon 
Published: November 2010

Background: This meta‐analysis investigates the effects of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) on the sinus bone graft.Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched in January 2010.Results: Of 61 articles searched, eight controlled clinical trials, which included a total of 352 sinus bone graft cases in 191 patients, were included in the final analysis. In the fixed‐effects meta‐analysis, the implant survival was not significantly different between two groups in the patient‐based data of four studies (relative risk [RR]: 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97 to 1.08) and in the implant‐based data of three studies (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.04). The bone formation was significantly greater in the intervention group in the random‐effects model (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.21 to 2.39) in five studies with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 76.2%). The bone‐to‐implant contact was not significantly different between two groups in the random‐effects model (SMD: 1.02; 95% CI: −1.65 to 3.70) in two studies with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 82.4%).Conclusion: The present study indicates that there was sufficient evidence to support the use of PRP for bone formation on a sinus bone graft, whereas there was no significant effect on the implant survival and bone‐to‐implant contact.
Sensitivity of the Periodontal Pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at Mildly Acidic pH
Authors: Bhattacharjee Mrinal K. , Childs Claiborne B. , Ali Emdad 
Published: November 2010

Background: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), a capnophilic facultative anaerobe, is associated with localized aggressive periodontitis and endocarditis. When grown in broth, the cells begin to die rapidly after overnight growth. The cells also often lose viability on plates within a few days. The aim of this study is to identify the cause of the rapid loss of cell viability.Methods: Cell viabilities, as measured by colony forming units, were determined for cells obtained from isolated colonies and from the dense part of a streak on plates. The effect of pH on cell viability was determined by growing cells in broth at various initial glucose concentrations and with or without added bicarbonate.Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans cells were highly sensitive to even a mildly acidic pH of ≈6. Because the bacteria grew at a glucose concentration that is commonly used in many laboratories, there was a dramatic decrease in cell viability as the pH went <6, which happened long before the culture reached saturation. This was easily avoided by using a lower initial glucose concentration, and under these conditions, the addition of bicarbonate to the growth medium was not necessary. Cells resuspended in buffer without nutrients lost viability much faster at pH 6 than at a higher pH. On plates, the cell viability was much higher in isolated colonies than in the dense area of the streak.Conclusions: A. actinomycetemcomitans cells rapidly lost viability at even a mildly acidic pH. The problem was easily rectified by growing cells at a low glucose concentration.