bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Band Chorus Wave Scattering Causing the Extensive Morningside Diffuse Auroral Precipitation During Active Geomagnetic Conditions: A Detailed Case Study
Authors: Feng Huiting , Wang Dedong , Guo Deyu , Shprits Yuri Y. , Han Desheng , Teng Shangchun , Ni BinBin , Shi Run , Zhang Yongliang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe diffuse aurora is a natural phenomenon observed over the Earth's polar region. Compared with the nightside diffuse aurora, the brightness of the dayside diffuse aurora (0600–1800 magnetic local time (MLT)) is relatively weak, thus requiring more stringent observation conditions. Therefore, the current understanding of what causes the dayside diffuse aurora is still quite limited. Here, we present an intense morningside diffuse aurora (0600–1000 MLT) event observed on 1 January 2016 during the recovery phase of the substorm, using conjugate observations of wave and particle spectrum from the Radiation Belt Storm Probes and auroral emission from the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imagers on the Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP/SSUSI). We perform calculations of diffusion coefficients and simulations of the electron fluxes for this event. Our results show that the chorus waves are the primary contributors to the formation of the morningside diffuse aurora, with precipitated electron energies ranging from a few keV to tens of keV. The lower band chorus shows significant pitch angle scattering efficiency for electrons with energies from 5 to 20 keV. The upper band chorus waves induce acceleration effects on 1–20 keV electrons. We suggest that the upper band chorus waves accelerate low‐energy electrons to higher energies, enabling them to engage in the scattering process of the lower band chorus waves. Our study makes a contribution to recent research on the formation mechanisms of diffuse aurora and deepens our understanding of wave‐particle interactions leading to dayside electron precipitation.
Seismic Anisotropy and Deep Crustal Deformation Across Alaska
Authors: Liu Chuanming , Ritzwoller Michael H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBased on a new seismic surface wave data set, we present a model of Alaskan crustal seismic anisotropy that provides new insight into Alaska's geographically diverse deformation history. We use both Rayleigh and Love wave isotropic phase speed and Rayleigh wave azimuthal anisotropy to estimate crustal anisotropy. Unlike traditional seismic tomography, which focuses on apparent seismic anisotropy in which the symmetry axis of anisotropy is assumed to be known, we resolve the spatial variation of inherent anisotropy by inferring the depth‐dependent tilt of the hexagonally symmetric elastic tensor. The amplitude of inherent anisotropy is typically stronger in the lower than the upper crust. We principally interpret the dip angle (plunge of the symmetry axis) or the tilt of the anisotropy foliation plane, which reflects the influence of vertically and/or horizontally oriented structures or deformation. The depth variation of crustal anisotropy appears in four principal motifs that partition Alaska into six distinct geographical regions, which display characteristic dip angle patterns in the upper and lower crust. By considering geological context, we discuss how each region reflects active or historical crustal deformation.
Numerical Prediction Uncertainty and Data Worth Analysis of Solute Transport in an Agricultural Clay Till Setting With Preferential Flow
Authors: Karan Sachin , Jensen Karsten H. , Sonnenborg Torben O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith modern agricultural practices, it is essential to quantify flow and solute transport fluxes by numerical models and associated predictions. A major challenge in modeling preferential flow settings is the ability to constrain the often numerous parameters needed to physically represent these systems. Following this, there is a lack of understanding of what parameters and observations carry the most worth for a model to reduce its prediction uncertainty. Here, first‐order second moment (FOSM) analyses were used for a heavily monitored clay till field with preferential flow to investigate which parameters and observation types contribute the most to reducing the uncertainty of bromide predictions at various depths. Using a multi‐objective regularized optimization approach, a 1‐D preferential flow model was calibrated and subjected to FOSM analyses. Key parameters contributing to the prediction uncertainty of bromide concentrations in 0.25–3 m were limited to the lower boundary condition, the mass transfer coefficient, the hydraulic conductivity of the micro‐ and macropore, the macropore porosity, and the water content at wilting point. The data with the largest worth and ability to reduce the pre‐calibration prediction uncertainty were concentration observations closest to the sought prediction depth, drain concentrations, and averaged water table measurements from the entire field. The post‐calibration prediction uncertainty was increased primarily by removing concentration observations closest to the prediction depths. While this study provided new insights into parameter importance and data worth further research is required to understand if these findings apply broadly to clay till settings (or any soil setting) with preferential flow.
The Ballast Effect of Terrigenous Lithogenic Particles From Rivers and Its Influence on POC Fluxes in the Ocean
Authors: Li Shasha , Li Hongliang , Tang Tiantian , Wang Shanlin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithogenic materials such as terrigenous lithogenic particles (TLP) can efficiently promote the formation and sinking of mineral‐associated marine organic matter, acting as important ballast and potentially playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. To assess the influence of TLP on fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) and other biogeochemical cycles, we construct TLP forcing fields based on global riverine suspended sediment data and then apply them to the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2) modified with the TLP ballasting effect term. Simulations forced by different concentrations of TLP transported in the surface ocean or along the bottom of continental shelves and slopes are conducted. When the TLP transports seaward along the bottom, simulated POC fluxes at 100 and 2,000 m decrease about 11% and 19%, respectively, for the global ocean, and about 9% and 12%, respectively, for the oceanic regions of continental margins. The initial abiotic ballast processes triggered by TLP input increase POC fluxes, causing additional removal and burial of dissolved iron in continental margins. This further enhances the accumulation of macronutrients in the upwelling regions and their advection transport to neighboring subtropical gyres, thus altering regional productivity when simulations reach quasi‐equilibrium. When consider the impacts of TLP in simulations, the simulated POC flux exhibits an increase in subtropical gyres but a decrease in tropical Pacific and mid‐high latitude regions. The present work highlights the importance of TLP in global biogeochemical cycles, suggesting that the amount of carbon sequestration might be overestimated without TLP in models.
Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and cord serum metabolite profiles in future immune-mediated diseases
Authors: Karthikeyan Bagavathy Shanmugam , Hyötyläinen Tuulia , Ghaffarzadegan Tannaz , Triplett Eric , Orešič Matej , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants is a significant health concern because it has the potential to interfere with host metabolism, leading to adverse health effects in early childhood and later in life. Growing evidence suggests that genetic and environmental factors, as well as their interactions, play a significant role in the development of autoimmune diseases.

Objective
In this study, we hypothesized that prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants impacts cord serum metabolome and contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases.

Methods
We selected cord serum samples from All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) general population cohort, from infants who later developed one or more autoimmune-mediated and inflammatory diseases: celiac disease (CD), Crohn’s disease (IBD), hypothyroidism (HT), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) (all cases, N = 62), along with matched controls (N = 268). Using integrated exposomics and metabolomics mass spectrometry (MS) based platforms, we determined the levels of environmental contaminants and metabolites.

Results
Differences in exposure levels were found between the controls and those who later developed various diseases. High contaminant exposure levels were associated with changes in metabolome, including amino acids and free fatty acids. Specifically, we identified marked associations between metabolite profiles and exposure levels of deoxynivalenol (DON), bisphenol S (BPS), and specific per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS).

Impact statement
Abnormal metabolism is a common feature preceding several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, few studies compared common and specific metabolic patterns preceding these diseases. Here we hypothesized that exposure to environmental contaminants impacts cord serum metabolome, which may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. We found differences in exposure levels between the controls and those who later developed various diseases, and importantly, on the metabolic changes associated with the exposures. High contaminant exposure levels were associated with specific changes in metabolome. Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to specific environmental contaminants alters the cord serum metabolomes, which, in turn, might increase the risk of various immune-mediated diseases.
Clinical and metagenomic characteristics of lymphadenopathy related to fever of unknown origin in children
Authors: Zhou Yajuan , Shen Nan , Luo Lijuan , Liu Yandi , Cao Qing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Diagnosis of fever of unknown origin remains challenge for pediatricians. Lymphadenopathy is a separate entity that mainly originates from infection or malignancy.

Methods
168 patients with FUO accompanied by lymphadenectasis were reviewed. 33 lymph node tissue samples were examined by mNGS. Differences in clinical characteristics were compared among different disease groups. The value of mNGS in diagnosing and improving the clinical situation was assessed.

Results
Multivariate analysis revealed that hepatosplenomegaly and LDH levels were associated with infectious diseases. Arthralgia was correlated with non-infectious inflammatory diseases. Weight loss and a node located in supraclavicular region may indicate neoplastic diseases. mNGS-positive rate was 60.60%, higher than that obtained with traditional methods. Treatment for 3/4 patients was adjusted according to the pathogen detected by mNGS, and antibiotics uses was discontinued or degraded in over 1/2 of the patients according to mNGS results.

Conclusions
Clinical characteristics of children with lymphadenopathy related to FUO have limited diagnostic value for distinguishing different kinds of diseases, while mNGS of lymph node tissue serves as a useful tool for identifying infectious diseases, especially those caused by rare pathogens. mNGS results can lead to not only adjustments in targeted treatment but also further confirmation of underlying diseases.

Impact Statement

The clinical features of children with FUO and lymphadenopathy differ according to disease group,although multivariate analysis indicated little diagnostic value for these features.

mNGS on lymph node tissue from children with FUO may serve as a efficient tool for distinguishing infectious diseases from other diseases. This is especially useful when a diagnosis cannot be determined with traditional methods.

mNGS targeted treatment can be administered in a timely manner and some underlying diseases can be indicated.
Exploring the role of neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle miR-93 and interoception in major depressive disorder
Authors: Burrows Kaiping , Figueroa-Hall Leandra K. , Stewart Jennifer L. , Alarbi Ahlam M. , Kuplicki Rayus , Hannafon Bethany N. , Tan Chibing , Risbrough Victoria B. , McKinney Brett A. , Ramesh Rajagopal , Victor Teresa A. , Aupperle Robin , Savitz Jonathan , Teague T. Kent , Khalsa Sahib S. , Paulus Martin P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with interoceptive processing dysfunctions, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are poorly understood. This study combined brain neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle (NEEV) technology and serum markers of inflammation and metabolism with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to identify the contribution of gene regulatory pathways, in particular micro-RNA (miR) 93, to interoceptive dysfunction in MDD. Individuals with MDD (n = 41) and healthy comparisons (HC; n = 35) provided blood samples and completed an interoceptive attention task during fMRI. EVs were separated from plasma using a precipitation method. NEEVs were enriched by magnetic streptavidin bead immunocapture utilizing a neural adhesion marker (L1CAM/CD171) biotinylated antibody. The origin of NEEVs was validated with two other neuronal markers - neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 3 (ATP1A3). NEEV specificities were confirmed by flow cytometry, western blot, particle size analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. NEEV small RNAs were purified and sequenced. Results showed that: (1) MDD exhibited lower NEEV miR-93 expression than HC; (2) within MDD but not HC, those individuals with the lowest NEEV miR-93 expression had the highest serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and leptin; and (3) within HC but not MDD, those participants with the highest miR-93 expression showed the strongest bilateral dorsal mid-insula activation during interoceptive versus exteroceptive attention. Since miR-93 is regulated by stress and affects epigenetic modulation by chromatin re-organization, these results suggest that healthy individuals but not MDD participants show an adaptive epigenetic regulation of insular function during interoceptive processing. Future investigations will need to delineate how specific internal and external environmental conditions contribute to miR-93 expression in MDD and what molecular mechanisms alter brain responsivity to body-relevant signals.
Incidence of ocular pathology following bariatric surgery for with morbid obesity across a large United States National Database
Authors: Russell Matthew W. , Kumar Madhukar , Li Ang , Singh Rishi P. , Talcott Katherine E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Bariatric surgery, as indicated for treatment of morbid obesity, has been studied in association with short term effects on ocular pathology. However, effects of surgery on postoperative disease incidence is largely unknown.

Subjects/Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, the TriNetX United States Collaborative Network national database, was queried for patients with an ICD-10 code for morbid obesity and a procedural code for bariatric surgery. Patients were propensity score matched across baseline demographics at the time of surgery and compared to those presenting with an ICD10 code for morbid obesity with no records of a procedural code for bariatric surgery, identifying 42,408 patients per cohort. New diagnoses or procedural codes found after the surgical index date for diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, low vision, and blindness along with pertinent treatment metrics were monitored.

Results
Bariatric surgery was found to be associated with reduced future risk of diabetic retinopathy (RR: 0.283; 95% CI: 0.252–0.319), macular edema (RR: 0.224; 95% CI: 0.170–0.297), vitreous hemorrhage (RR: 0.459; 95% CI: 0.323–0.653), ocular hypertension (RR: 0.387; 95% CI: 0.387–0.487), glaucoma (RR: 0.360; 95% CI: 0.326–0.399), use of ocular pressure lowering medications (RR: 0.565; 95% CI: 0.496–0.644), age-related macular degeneration (RR: 0.628; 95% CI: 0.447–0.882), cataract surgery (RR: 0.524; 95% CI: 0.448–0.612), and low vision and blindness (RR: 0.328; 95% CI: 0.294–0.365) compared to patients not surgically managed.

Conclusions
The present analysis comprising a large US cohort of patients suggests that bariatric surgery is associated with a decreased risk of future ocular morbidity and mortality.
Astroglial Kir4.1 potassium channel deficit drives neuronal hyperexcitability and behavioral defects in Fragile X syndrome mouse model
Authors: Bataveljic Danijela , Pivonkova Helena , de Concini Vidian , Hébert Betty , Ezan Pascal , Briault Sylvain , Bemelmans Alexis-Pierre , Pichon Jacques , Menuet Arnaud , Rouach Nathalie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited form of intellectual disability caused by the loss of the mRNA-binding fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FXS is characterized by neuronal hyperexcitability and behavioral defects, however the mechanisms underlying these critical dysfunctions remain unclear. Here, using male Fmr1 knockout mouse model of FXS, we identify abnormal extracellular potassium homeostasis, along with impaired potassium channel Kir4.1 expression and function in astrocytes. Further, we reveal that Kir4.1 mRNA is a binding target of FMRP. Finally, we show that the deficit in astroglial Kir4.1 underlies neuronal hyperexcitability and several behavioral defects in Fmr1 knockout mice. Viral delivery of Kir4.1 channels specifically to hippocampal astrocytes from Fmr1 knockout mice indeed rescues normal astrocyte potassium uptake, neuronal excitability, and cognitive and social performance. Our findings uncover an important role for astrocyte dysfunction in the pathophysiology of FXS, and identify Kir4.1 channel as a potential therapeutic target for FXS.
Positive selection in the genomes of two Papua New Guinean populations at distinct altitude levels
Authors: André Mathilde , Brucato Nicolas , Hudjasov Georgi , Pankratov Vasili , Yermakovich Danat , Montinaro Francesco , Kreevan Rita , Kariwiga Jason , Muke John , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean-François , Meyer Vincent , Evans Nicholas , Cox Murray P. , Leavesley Matthew , Dannemann Michael , Org Tõnis , Metspalu Mait , Mondal Mayukh , Ricaut François-Xavier 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHighlanders and lowlanders of Papua New Guinea have faced distinct environmental stress, such as hypoxia and environment-specific pathogen exposure, respectively. In this study, we explored the top genomics regions and the candidate driver SNPs for selection in these two populations using newly sequenced whole-genomes of 54 highlanders and 74 lowlanders. We identified two candidate SNPs under selection - one in highlanders, associated with red blood cell traits and another in lowlanders, which is associated with white blood cell count – both potentially influencing the heart rate of Papua New Guineans in opposite directions. We also observed four candidate driver SNPs that exhibit linkage disequilibrium with an introgressed haplotype, highlighting the need to explore the possibility of adaptive introgression within these populations. This study reveals that the signatures of positive selection in highlanders and lowlanders of Papua New Guinea align closely with the challenges they face, which are specific to their environments.
Composition and metabolism of microbial communities in soil pores
Authors: Li Zheng , Kravchenko Alexandra N. , Cupples Alison , Guber Andrey K. , Kuzyakov Yakov , Philip Robertson G. , Blagodatskaya Evgenia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDelineation of microbial habitats within the soil matrix and characterization of their environments and metabolic processes are crucial to understand soil functioning, yet their experimental identification remains persistently limited. We combined single- and triple-energy X-ray computed microtomography with pore specific allocation of 13C labeled glucose and subsequent stable isotope probing to demonstrate how long-term disparities in vegetation history modify spatial distribution patterns of soil pore and particulate organic matter drivers of microbial habitats, and to probe bacterial communities populating such habitats. Here we show striking differences between large (30-150 µm Ø) and small (4-10 µm Ø) soil pores in (i) microbial diversity, composition, and life-strategies, (ii) responses to added substrate, (iii) metabolic pathways, and (iv) the processing and fate of labile C. We propose a microbial habitat classification concept based on biogeochemical mechanisms and localization of soil processes and also suggests interventions to mitigate the environmental consequences of agricultural management.
Stimulus-responsive assembly of nonviral nucleocapsids
Authors: Hori Mao , Steinauer Angela , Tetter Stephan , Hälg Jamiro , Manz Eva-Maria , Hilvert Donald 
Published: April 2024

AbstractControlled assembly of a protein shell around a viral genome is a key step in the life cycle of many viruses. Here we report a strategy for regulating the co-assembly of nonviral proteins and nucleic acids into highly ordered nucleocapsids in vitro. By fusing maltose binding protein to the subunits of NC-4, an engineered protein cage that encapsulates its own encoding mRNA, we successfully blocked spontaneous capsid assembly, allowing isolation of the individual monomers in soluble form. To initiate RNA-templated nucleocapsid formation, the steric block can be simply removed by selective proteolysis. Analyses by transmission and cryo-electron microscopy confirmed that the resulting assemblies are structurally identical to their RNA-containing counterparts produced in vivo. Enzymatically triggered cage formation broadens the range of RNA molecules that can be encapsulated by NC-4, provides unique opportunities to study the co-assembly of capsid and cargo, and could be useful for studying other nonviral and viral assemblies.
Frequency tunable magnetostatic wave filters with zero static power magnetic biasing circuitry
Authors: Du Xingyu , Idjadi Mohamad Hossein , Ding Yixiao , Zhang Tao , Geers Alexander J. , Yao Shun , Pyo Jun Beom , Aflatouni Firooz , Allen Mark , Olsson Roy H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA single tunable filter simplifies complexity, reduces insertion loss, and minimizes size compared to frequency switchable filter banks commonly used for radio frequency (RF) band selection. Magnetostatic wave (MSW) filters stand out for their wide, continuous frequency tuning and high-quality factor. However, MSW filters employing electromagnets for tuning consume excessive power and space, unsuitable for consumer wireless applications. Here, we demonstrate miniature and high selectivity MSW tunable filters with zero static power consumption, occupying less than 2 cc. The center frequency is continuously tunable from 3.4 GHz to 11.1 GHz via current pulses of sub-millisecond duration applied to a small and nonvolatile magnetic bias assembly. This assembly is limited in the area over which it can achieve a large and uniform magnetic field, necessitating filters realized from small resonant cavities micromachined in thin films of Yttrium Iron Garnet. Filter insertion loss of 3.2 dB to 5.1 dB and out-of-band third order input intercept point greater than 41 dBm are achieved. The filter’s broad frequency range, compact size, low insertion loss, high out-of-band linearity, and zero static power consumption are essential for protecting RF transceivers from interference, thus facilitating their use in mobile applications like IoT and 6 G networks.