bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal investigation of geochemical and hydrological controls on release of soluble reactive phosphorus from the shallow aquifer of a riparian zone
Authors: Wang Shuyang , Roy James W. , Power Christopher , Robinson Clare E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhosphorus (P) that accumulates in agricultural riparian zones can be released under certain hydrological and biogeochemical conditions, thereby limiting the effectiveness of these zones in reducing P loads from field to stream. The study objective was to explore factors that may be contributing to, or limiting, high soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in the shallow aquifer of an alluvial upland riparian zone located in a continental climate. Field investigations including porewater sampling from six vertical nests, soil sampling, and continuous soil moisture, groundwater table, and redox measurements were conducted over 19 months. Porewater SRP concentrations were generally low in the aquifer considering all sampling times (median = 14.7 µg/L; interquartile range [IQR] = 11.1 µg/L, 287 samples). The overall low SRP may be due to low reducible labile soil P (median = 21.1 µgP/g dw, IQR = 10.9 µgP/g dw, 21 samples). However, high SRP concentrations (>52 µg/L, 95% quartile) did occur intermittently in space and time with no clear spatial or temporal patterns. Analyses indicate that most high concentrations were likely not associated with factors previously reported to influence SRP release in riparian aquifers, including redox conditions, pH, and soil drying and wetting. Further, data indicate that internally released or externally supplied SRP may undergo rapid (re‐) sequestration within the aquifer, limiting its vertical or horizontal transport. The study findings highlight the complexity of P behavior in riparian zones and the need for caution when assessing the effectiveness of conservation practices and in interpreting potential impacts of subsurface water quality on stream water quality when monitoring locations are distant from the stream.
Why have we not detected gender differences in organizational justice perceptions?! An evidenced‐based argument for increasing inclusivity within justice research
Authors: Strah Nicole , Rupp Deborah E. , Shao Ruodan , King Eden , Skarlicki Daniel 
Published: June 2024

SummaryWhile research from various disciplines shows that women continue to disproportionately face workplace injustices compared to men, OB research has not found meaningful gender differences in self‐reported workplace justice perceptions. This paradox has received little attention in the otherwise well‐established organizational justice literature. We applied an abductive approach to investigate this paradox by a) confirming its existence, and b) proposing and empirically evaluating seven possible explanations for its existence, using multiple methods and seven distinct datasets. We found that this paradox is unlikely to be explained by measurement invariance, different expectations for treatment, whether the context is male‐dominated, differences across years, or differences in how justice perceptions are formed. We did find, however, that when using alternate measurement approaches, women recalled gender‐based injustice experiences, reported them as having occurred more frequently than did men, and reported them as having been negatively impactful on their lives/careers. We conclude that the most promising explanation for this paradox is that extant organizational justice measures are deficient for the purpose of capturing variance accountable to gender‐based injustice. This highlights the need for more inclusive approaches for the measurement and application of organizational justice, especially when studying the relationship between gender and organizational justice.
Photoprotective behaviours amongst persons with albinism in Uyo, Nigeria
Authors: Ighorodje Edesiri E. , Nga Charles N. , Atansi Chinyere C. , Ukpong Omolara Y. , Fabiyi Morolayo O. , Nelson Udeme‐Abasi U. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundStrict photoprotection is crucial for persons living with albinism (PWAs), especially in Nigeria where the level of solar ultraviolet radiation is particularly high, which further increases the susceptibility of this population to develop photodermatoses and, ultimately, skin cancer.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude towards photoprotection among PWAs in Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study involving consenting 50 participants with oculocutaneous albinism was recruited through interviewer‐administered questionnaires. Data analysis utilised SPSS 26.ResultsThe use of sun‐protective clothing was the predominant photoprotective measure (62%) with an overall low sun‐protection strategy usage of 5% and 10% knowledge rate, despite 80% acknowledging the daily use of various forms of photoprotection. Cost was cited as the commonest deterrent to poor use of sunscreen (47.8%).ConclusionsPoor awareness and photoprotection usage amongst persons with albinism in Uyo are discouragingly below standard increasing their risk of developing photodermatoses which adversely affects their quality of life. Therefore, dermatologists should improve collaborative efforts at addressing barriers such as cost and enhancing knowledge about effective photoprotection strategies.
Statistical image reconstruction with beam‐hardening compensation for X‐ray CT by a calibration step (2DIterBH)
Authors: Sanderson Daniel , Martinez Cristóbal , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Desco Manuel , Abella Mónica 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe beam‐hardening effect due to the polychromatic nature of the X‐ray spectra results in two main artifacts in CT images: cupping in homogeneous areas and dark bands between dense parts in heterogeneous samples. Post‐processing methods have been proposed in the literature to compensate for these artifacts, but these methods may introduce additional noise in low‐dose acquisitions. Iterative methods are an alternative to compensate noise and beam‐hardening artifacts simultaneously. However, they usually rely on the knowledge of the spectrum or the selection of empirical parameters.PurposeWe propose an iterative reconstruction method with beam hardening compensation for small animal scanners that is robust against low‐dose acquisitions and that does not require knowledge of the spectrum, overcoming the limitations of current beam‐hardening correction algorithms.MethodsThe proposed method includes an empirical characterization of the beam‐hardening function based on a simple phantom in a polychromatic statistical reconstruction method. Evaluation was carried out on simulated data with different noise levels and step angles and on limited‐view rodent data acquired with the ARGUS/CT system.ResultsResults in small animal studies showed a proper correction of the beam‐hardening artifacts in the whole sample, independently of the quantity of bone present on each slice. The proposed approach also reduced noise in the low‐dose acquisitions and reduced streaks in the limited‐view acquisitions.ConclusionsUsing an empirical model for the beam‐hardening effect, obtained through calibration, in an iterative reconstruction method enables a robust correction of beam‐hardening artifacts in low‐dose small animal studies independently of the bone distribution.
Simultaneous dose and dose rate optimization via dose modifying factor modeling for FLASH effective dose
Authors: Ma Jiangjun , Lin Yuting , Tang Min , Zhu Ya‐Nan , Gan Gregory N. , Rotondo Ronny L. , Chen Ronald C. , Gao Hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH) can improve the sparing of organs‐at‐risk (OAR) via the FLASH effect, it is generally a tradeoff between the physical dose coverage and the biological FLASH coverage, for which the concept of FLASH effective dose (FED) is needed to quantify the net improvement of FLASH, compared to the conventional radiotherapy (CONV).PurposeThis work will develop the first‐of‐its‐kind treatment planning method called simultaneous dose and dose rate optimization via dose modifying factor modeling (SDDRO‐DMF) for proton FLASH that directly optimizes FED.MethodsSDDRO‐DMF models and optimizes FED using FLASH dose modifying factor (DMF) models, which can be classified into two categories: (1) the phenomenological model of the FLASH effect, such as the FLASH effectiveness model (FEM); (2) the mechanistic model of the FLASH radiobiology, such as the radiolytic oxygen depletion (ROD) model. The general framework of SDDRO‐DMF will be developed, with specific DMF models using FEM and ROD, as a demonstration of general applicability of SDDRO‐DMF for proton FLASH via transmission beams (TB) or Bragg peaks (BP) with single‐field or multi‐field irradiation. The FLASH dose rate is modeled as pencil beam scanning dose rate. The solution algorithm for solving the inverse optimization problem of SDDRO‐DMF is based on iterative convex relaxation method.ResultsSDDRO‐DMF is validated in comparison with IMPT and a state‐of‐the‐art method called SDDRO, with demonstrated efficacy and improvement for reducing the high dose and the high‐dose volume for OAR in terms of FED. For example, in a SBRT lung case of the dose‐limiting factor that the max dose of brachial plexus should be no more than 26 Gy, only SDDRO‐DMF met this max dose constraint; moreover, SDDRO‐DMF completely eliminated the high‐dose (V70%) volume to zero for CTV10mm (a high‐dose region as a 10 mm ring expansion of CTV).ConclusionWe have proposed a new proton FLASH optimization method called SDDRO‐DMF that directly optimizes FED using phenomenological or mechanistic models of DMF, and have demonstrated the efficacy of SDDO‐DMF in reducing the high‐dose volume or/and the high‐dose value for OAR, compared to IMPT and a state‐of‐the‐art method SDDRO.
A reduced order variational spectral method for efficient construction of eigenstrain‐based reduced order homogenization models
Authors: Nasirov Aslan , Oskay Caglar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReduced order models (ROMs) are often coupled with concurrent multiscale simulations to mitigate the computational cost of nonlinear computational homogenization methods. Construction (or training) of ROMs typically requires evaluation of a series of linear or nonlinear equilibrium problems, which itself could be a computationally very expensive process. In the eigenstrain‐based reduced order homogenization method (EHM), a series of linear elastic microscale equilibrium problems are solved to compute the localization and interaction tensors that are in turn used in the evaluation of the reduced order multiscale system. These microscale equilibrium problems are typically solved using either the finite element method or semi‐analytical methods. In the present study, a reduced order variational spectral method is developed for efficient computation of the localization and interaction tensors. The proposed method leads to a small stiffness matrix that scales with the order of the reduced basis rather than the number of degrees of freedom in the finite element mesh. The reduced order variational spectral method maintains high accuracy in the computed response fields. A speedup higher than an order of magnitude can be achieved compared to the finite element method in polycrystalline microstructures. The accuracy and scalability of the method for large polycrystals and increasing phase property contrast are investigated.
Discrete molecular weight strategy modulates hydrogen bonding‐induced crystallization and chain orientation for melt‐spun high‐strength polyamide fibers
Authors: Wang Jinling , Yu Senlong , Zhou Jialiang , Liang Chengyao , Huang Weilei , Hu Zexu , Chen Ziye , Xiang Hengxue , Zhu Meifang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogen bonding is the prerequisite for polyamide fibers to have better stress–strain behavior. It affects the crystal structure of polyamide fibers, such as orientation and periodic arrangement. To illustrate the effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on fiber orientation structure and macroscopic mechanical properties, this work uses conventional polyamide resin doped with high molecular weight components to construct polymer compounds with discrete distribution characteristics. By analyzing the changes in intermolecular hydrogen bonds, melt rheological properties, non‐isothermal crystallization behaviors, the impact of hydrogen bonds on the crystal structure and orientation structure and thus on the fiber strength was clarified. The doping of high molecular weight components can make the compound form more hydrogen bonds and inhibit the relaxation of molecular chains through entanglement, thereby promoting melt non‐isothermal crystallization process and increasing complex viscosity η* and storage mode G'. 1D and 2D wide‐angle and small‐angle X‐ray scattering show that doping components reduce crystal size of α1(200) and α2(002, 202) planes from 4.19 to 3.47 nm and 5.88 to 4.96 nm, resulting in a denser long‐period structure. Through the strategy of this work, polyamide 6 fibers' tensile strength is effectively improved by18%, and the mechanical properties are significantly improved.Highlights
High‐strength polyamide compound fibers were prepared.
Discretely distributed compounds are achieved.
Discretely distributed molecular weight enabled hydrogen bonding regulation.
Hydrogen bonding‐induced compound fiber crystal structure.
Multiple external fields induced crystallization and orientation structures.
Corticosteroids in critically ill patients: A narrative review
Authors: Haan Bradley J. , Blackmon Samantha N. , Cobb Alex M. , Cohen Heather E. , DeVier Margaret T. , Perez Mary M. , Winslow Samuel F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCorticosteroids have been utilized in modern medicine for decades. Many indications have been investigated across various treatment settings with both benefit and harm observed. Given the instability of critically ill patients, the increased risk of corticosteroid‐related complications, and the pervasive comorbidities, patients who receive corticosteroids must be carefully managed. Common critical care disease states in which corticosteroids have been studied and are routinely utilized include acute respiratory distress syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, angioedema, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, community‐acquired pneumonia, coronavirus disease 2019, septic shock, and spinal cord injury. Benefits of corticosteroids include an improvement in disease state‐specific outcomes, decreased hospital length of stay, decreased mechanical ventilatory support, and decreased mortality. The harm of corticosteroids is well documented through adverse effects that include, but are not limited to, hyperglycemia, tachycardia, hypertension, agitation, delirium, anxiety, immunosuppression, gastrointestinal bleeding, fluid retention, and muscle weakness. Furthermore, corticosteroids are associated with increased health care costs through adverse effects as well as drug acquisition and administration costs. Given the assortment of agents, dosing, benefits, risks, and utilization in the critical care setting, there may be difficulty with identifying the appropriate places for use of corticosteroids in therapy. There currently exists no comprehensive report detailing the use of corticosteroids in the aforementioned disease states within the critical care setting. This narrative review sets out to describe these in detail.
Improved breast milk proteome coverage by DIA based LC‐MS/MS method
Authors: Viitaharju Jenni , Polari Lauri , Kauko Otto , Merilahti Johannes , Rokka Anne , Toivola Diana M. , Laitinen Kirsi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe breast milk composition includes a multitude of bioactive factors such as viable cells, lipids and proteins. Measuring the levels of specific proteins in breast milk plasma can be challenging because of the large dynamic range of protein concentrations and the presence of interfering substances. Therefore, most proteomic studies of breast milk have been able to identify under 1000 proteins. Optimised procedures and the latest separation technologies used in milk proteome research could lead to more precise knowledge of breast milk proteome. This study (n = 53) utilizes three different protein quantification methods, including direct DIA, library‐based DIA method and a hybrid method combining direct DIA and library‐based DIA. On average we identified 2400 proteins by hybrid method. By applying these methods, we quantified body mass index (BMI) associated variation in breast milk proteomes. There were 210 significantly different proteins when comparing the breast milk proteome of obese and overweight mothers. In addition, we analysed a small cohort (n = 5, randomly selected from 53 samples) by high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS). FAIMS coupled with the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer, which led to 41.7% higher number of protein identifications compared to Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer.
High tough, self‐adhesive, conductive double network hydrogel for flexible strain sensors
Authors: Li Feihong , Liu Peng , Li Xiangyu , Bi Yuanyuan , Chen Changxiu , Zhang Hanzhi , Li Yuanhang , Yu Yunwu , Gu Yaxin , Tang Ning 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe application of adhesive conductive hydrogel materials in flexible sensors has been extensively studied. However, existing adhesive hydrogel sensor materials have problems such as poor adhesion, low conductivity, and difficulty in balancing mechanical and adhesive properties, which limit their practical applications. In this study, we propose a simple and economical method to fabricate double‐network hydrogels for flexible strain sensors by dissolving acrylamide (AM), chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin (Gel) in a mixed solvent of deionized water and a food‐grade phosphate. The prepared AM/CS/PEG/Gel (ACPG) hydrogel exhibits excellent toughness (maximum stress of 154 kPa, maximum elongation of 2256%), self‐adhesiveness (maximum adhesion strength to wood of 17.2 kPa), and high conductivity (2.33 S/m). Compared with similar adhesive hydrogels, the conductivity of ACPG hydrogel is significantly improved. Therefore, ACPG hydrogel can be used as an ideal material for flexible sensors, and has broad application potential in wearable devices and human‐computer interaction.
Outpatient inhaled corticosteroid use in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Leon Cynara , Martin Amanda , Young Lisa R. , Aoyama Brianna C. , Rice Jessica L. , Kelchtermans Jelte , Collaco Joseph M. , McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRationaleIn the outpatient setting, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are frequently given to children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) for treatment of respiratory and asthma‐associated symptoms. In this study we sought to determine if correlations existed between ICS use and ICS initiation and patient characteristics and outpatient respiratory outcomes.MethodsThis study included children with the diagnosis of BPD (n = 661) who were seen in outpatient pulmonary clinics at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 2016 and 2021. Chart review was used to determine patient demographics, use and timing of ICS initiation, asthma diagnosis, and acute care usage following initial hospital discharge.ResultsAt the first pulmonary visit, 9.2% of children had been prescribed an ICS at NICU discharge, 13.9% had been prescribed an ICS after NICU discharge but before their first pulmonary appointment, and 6.9% were prescribed an ICS at the completion of initial pulmonary visit. Children started on an ICS as outpatients had a higher likelihood of ER visits (adjusted odds ratio: 2.68 ± 0.7), hospitalizations (4.81 ± 1.16), and a diagnosis of asthma (3.58 ± 0.84), compared to children never on an ICS. Of those diagnosed with asthma, children prescribed an ICS in the outpatient setting received the diagnosis at an earlier age. No associations between NICU BPD severity scores and ICS use were found.ConclusionsThis study identifies an outpatient BPD phenotype associated with ICS use and ICS initiation independent of NICU severity score. Additionally, outpatient ICS initiation correlates with a subsequent diagnosis of asthma and acute care usage in children with BPD.
Ray bioturbation rates suggest they shape estuary processes
Authors: Grew Molly , Gaston Troy F. , Griffin Andrea S. , Duce Stephanie J. , Raoult Vincent 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBioturbation of sediments is a key ecosystem service in estuarine and marine ecosystems, and rays (superorder Batoidea: skates, stingrays, electric rays and shovelnose rays) are among the largest bioturbators, modifying their habitat through foraging and predation. Ray activities cycle nutrients, increase oxygen penetration and re‐stratify sediments. However, given rays are globally threatened, it is unclear to what extent the loss of rays, and the ecosystem services they provide, would affect ecosystem processes. This study assessed the likely amount of sediment displaced annually by rays during foraging activities at an estuary scale. To achieve this, an aerial drone was used to map daily ray bioturbation activity, as evident from the presence of feeding pits. High‐resolution, 2.6 cm px−1, Digital Elevation Models (DEM) were created and used to measure the volume of sediment displaced by feeding pits. We found rays within the Brisbane Water estuary in NSW, Australia excavated 1.20 (±0.68) tonnes of sediment per day within this 1443 m2 intertidal area, or a rate of 575.2 cm3 m−2 per day. This bioturbation rate is relatively high compared to bioturbation rates documented in other ray species. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that the ray feeding pits were significantly clustered by location as well as size (P < 0.01), suggesting size segregation of ray foraging. When bioturbation rates were conservatively extrapolated across measured feeding area in the estuary, we calculated rays displace 57.6 (±32.4) tonnes of sediment per day, or 21.0 (±11.4) kilotonnes per year. This underlines how ray bioturbation likely shape estuary processes, and how the loss of rays and their ecosystem services would likely have considerable impacts on estuarine sedimentary ecosystems. These findings emphasize the ecological importance of rays in an ecosystem and a need to better understand the consequences of anthropogenic pressures to these services.
Schwarzites and Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces: From Pure Topology Mathematics to Macroscale Applications
Authors: Felix Levi C. , Ambekar Rushikesh , Tromer Raphael M. , Woellner Cristiano F. , Rodrigues Varlei , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Tiwary Chandra S. , Galvao Douglas S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSchwarzites are porous (spongy‐like) carbon allotropes with negative Gaussian curvatures. They are proposed by Mackay and Terrones inspired by the works of the German mathematician Hermann Schwarz on Triply‐Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS). This review presents and discusses the history of schwarzites and their place among curved carbon nanomaterials. The main works on schwarzites are summarized and are available in the literature. Their unique structural, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties are discussed. Although the synthesis of carbon‐based schwarzites remains elusive, recent advances in the synthesis of zeolite‐templates nanomaterials have brought them closer to reality. Atomic‐based models of schwarzites are translated into macroscale ones that are 3D‐printed. These 3D‐printed models are exploited in many real‐world applications, including water remediation and biomedical ones.