bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traunbrücke Steyrermühl — Sprengungsüberwachung mit BRIMOS® Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Veit‐Egerer Robert , Wenzel Helmut , Reischl Josef , Hintringer Hermann 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Traunbrücke Steyrermühl ist Teil der A1 Westautobahn und wurde in den Jahren 1959 und 1960 errichtet. Die 18‐feldrige Stahlbetonbrücke besteht aus zwei Richtungstragwerken und weist eine Gesamtlänge von 240,45 m auf. Im Hinblick auf die Gewährleistung der Tragsicherheit und Funktionsfähigkeit der Brücke wurden während der Sprengung des Richtungstragwerks Salzburg im August 2010 das unmittelbar benachbarte, zunächst bestehen bleibende Richtungstragwerk Wien überwacht und die Auswirkungen der Sprengung bewertet, wobei besonderes Augenmerk auf die primäre Tragstruktur (Bogen) gelegt wurde.Da am Tragwerk bereits im Jahr 2005 eine dynamische Referenzmessung mit BRIMOS® durchgeführt wurde, konnte die aktuelle Untersuchung (Messung 2010) dadurch entsprechend effizienter gestaltet werden. Mit Hilfe ausgewählter Einzelpunkte am Brückentragwerk (HOT SPOTS) konnten das maßgebliche Tragverhalten der Brücke und etwaige Veränderungen umfassend beschrieben und quantifiziert werden. Ein direkter Vergleich im Abstand von fünf Jahren zeigt den Verlauf der gemessenen Tragfähigkeit über die Zeit (Brückendeck unter dem Einfluss der Verkehrsbelastung bzw. der Sprengung).Blast of the Westbound Bridge Structure and Evaluation of its Affection on the remaining Eastbound Bridge Structure with BRIMOS® Structural Health Monitoring. The bridge object is part of the A1 highway and was constructed in 1959. It is composed of 18‐spans (reinforced concrete) and has a total length of 240,45 m. While the bridge structure — related with the driving direction Salzburg — was removed (blown) in August 2010, the remaining structure (driving direction Vienna) was monitored in order to evaluate the impact of the blasting with regard to its structural safety and operability. The investigation was focused on the primary load‐bearing structure (arch).Due to the fact that an initial dynamic measurement with BRIMOS® has been conducted already in 2005, the prevailing investigation (measurement 2010) could be configured more efficiently. Measurements at selected single bridge locations (HOT SPOTS) enabled a comprehensive documentation and quantification of the bridge’s decisive structural behaviour and possible changes respectively. A direct comparison after 5 years of structural service life shows the progression of the measured structural resistance over time (bridge deck under the influence of traffic load and the bridge blasting).
10 Jahre Belastungsfahrzeug BELFA
Authors: Gutermann Marc , Schröder Carsten 
Published: February 2011

AbstractExperimente sind Teil unserer Ingenieurgeschichte. Sie dienen der Absicherung neuer Bauweisen und helfen, theoretische Ansätze zu verstehen. Seit vielen Jahren wird in Sonderfällen auch im Bauwesen “experimentiert”: Der Belastungsversuch am bestehenden Bauwerk deckt das Tragwerkspotenzial auf und dient als direkter Nachweis der Tragsicherheit. Vor 10 Jahren ging das Belastungsfahrzeug BELFA in Betrieb, um Straßenbrücken und andere Ingenieurbauwerken zu testen. Dieser Artikel blickt auf die Entstehung zurück, schildert Einsatzerfahrungen und wagt einen Blick in die Zukunft.10 year anniversary of BELFA. Experiments are part of the history of engineering science. They were used to validate theoretical assumptions and to understand the load bearing behavior of new constructions. In‐situ‐load tests explore the actual load carrying capacity and they can be used to proof sufficient load carrying safety for modern utilization. 10 years ago the special vehicle BELFA has gone into service to test road bridges and other civil structures. This article deals with its development, describes essential operatng experiences and will risk a look into the future.
Inhibitory effects of ketoconazole and rifampin on OAT1 and OATP1B1 transport activities: considerations on drug–drug interactions
Authors: Choi Min‐Koo , Jin Qing‐Ri , Choi Yeong‐Lim , Ahn Sung‐Hoon , Bae Myung‐Ae , Song Im‐Sook 
Published: February 2011

AbstractKetoconazole and rifampin are the most widely used compounds examined in recent drug–drug interaction (DDI) studies, and they have multiple roles in modulating drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. To determine the underlying mechanisms of DDI, this study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of ketoconazole and rifampin on the functions of OAT1 and OATP1B1, and to evaluate the potential of ketoconazole and rifampin for DDI with substrate drugs for these transporters in a clinical setting. Ketoconazole inhibited OATP1B1‐mediated transport activity, while rifampin inhibited OAT1 and OATP1B1. Inhibition by rifampin and ketoconazole of the uptake of olmesartan, a substrate for OAT1 and OATP1B1, was evaluated in oocytes overexpressing these transporters. The Ki values for rifampin on OAT1 and OATP1B1‐mediated olmesartan uptake were 62.2 and 4.42 µM, respectively, and the Ki value for ketoconazole on OATP1B1‐mediated olmesartan uptake was 66.1 µM. As measured plasma concentrations of rifampin and ketoconazole were 7.29 and 6.4–13.3 µM, respectively, the likelihood of an OATP1B1‐mediated drug–drug interaction between rifampin and olmesartan is thought to be possible, whereas OAT1 or OATP1B1‐mediated DDI between rifampin or ketoconazole and olmesartan appears unlikely in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methylation profiling of rectal cancer identifies novel markers of early-stage disease
Authors: Leong K J , Wei W , Tannahill L A , Caldwell G M , Jones C E , Morton D G , Matthews G M , Bach S P 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
Radical surgery is the de facto treatment for early rectal cancer. Conservative surgery with transanal endoscopic microsurgery can achieve high rates of cure but the histopathological measures of outcome used to select local treatment lack precision. Biomarkers associated with disease progression, particularly mesorectal nodal metastasis, are urgently required. The aim was to compare patterns of gene-specific hypermethylation in radically excised rectal cancers with histopathological stage.

Methods
Locus-specific hypermethylation of 24 tumour suppressor genes was measured in 105 rectal specimens (51 radically excised adenocarcinomas, 35 tissues adjacent to tumour and 19 normal controls) using the methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe assay (MS-MLPA). Methylation values were correlated with histopathological indices of disease progression and validated using bisulphite pyrosequencing.

Results
Five sites (ESR1, CDH13, CHFR, APC and RARB) were significantly hypermethylated in cancer compared with adjacent tissue and normal controls (P &lt; 0·050). Methylation at these sites was higher in Dukes' A than Dukes' ‘D’ cancers (P = 0·013). Methylation at two sites (GSTP1 and RARB) was individually associated with localized disease (N0 and M0 respectively; P = 0·006 and P = 0·008). Hypermethylation of at least two of APC, RARB, TIMP3, CASP8 and GSTP1 was associated with early (N0 M0) disease (N0, P = 0·002; M0, P = 0·044). Methylation levels detected by MS-MLPA and pyrosequencing were concordant.

Conclusion
Locus-specific hypermethylation was more prevalent in early- than late-stage disease. Hypermethylation of two or more of a panel of five tumour suppressor genes was associated with localized disease.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the Ganoderma applanatum extracts induces apoptosis on SGC‐7901 gastric cancer cells
Authors: Ma Jieqiong , Liu Chanmin , Chen Yongqiang , Jiang Jihong , Qin Zhihong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo investigate the inhibition effect of Ganoderma applanatum extract (GAEAE) on human gastric cancer cell lines and apoptosis mechanism, Alamar Blue assay was used to assess the inhibition and apoptosis‐inducing effect of the GAEAE on proliferation of SGC‐7901 cells, the DNA ladders of the apoptosis cells was done, the mRNA expression of p53, Bax, Bcl‐2 and JNK were analysed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The levels of the Cyt C and the p53, Bax/Bcl‐2, JNK proteins and the caspase‐3 activity in the SGC‐7901 cells were measured with ELISA kits. Our data showed that the GAEAE markedly inhibited the proliferation of SGC‐7901 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The expression of Bcl‐2 protein was down‐regulated and Bax, c‐jun, p53 protein expressions were up‐regulated by the GAEAE treatment in SGC‐7901 cells. The activity of caspase‐3 was markedly increased and the Cty C was markedly released into cytoplasm from the mitochondria after GAEAE action. In conclusion, our results indicated that the GAEAE could enhance the sensitivity of SGC‐7901 cells to the c‐jun, p53, Bax and Bcl‐2 induced apoptosis and provided a promising approach to anti‐human gastric cancer therapy with Ganoderma applanatum. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ghrelin inhibits AGEs‐induced apoptosis in human endothelial cells involving ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways
Authors: Xiang Ying , Li Qiang , Li Menglan , Wang Wei , Cui Can , Zhang Jinchao 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction caused by cell apoptosis is thought to be a major cause of diabetic vascular complications. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications by inducing apoptosis of endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of ghrelin on AGEs‐induced apoptosis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the potential mechanisms involved in this process. Exposure to AGEs (200 mg l−1) for 48 h caused a significant increase in cell apoptosis, while pretreatment with ghrelin eliminated AGEs‐induced apoptosis in HUVECs, as evaluated by MTT assays, flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining. The induction of caspase‐3 activation was also prevented by ghrelin in cells incubated with AGEs. Exposure to ghrelin (10−6 M) resulted in a rapid activation of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 and Akt. The inhibitory effect of ghrelin on caspase‐3 activity was attenuated by inhibitors of ERK1/2 (PD98059), PI3K/Akt (LY294002) and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR)‐1a (D‐Lys3‐growth hormone releasing peptide‐6). The results of this study indicated that ghrelin could inhibit AGEs‐mediated cell apoptosis via the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways and GHSR‐1a was also involved in the protective action of ghrelin in HUVECs. As such, ghrelin demonstrates significant potential for preventing diabetic cardiovascular complications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroprotector effect of p,p'‐methoxyl‐diphenyl diselenide in a model of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type in mice: contribution of antioxidant mechanism
Authors: Pinton Simone , da Rocha Juliana Trevisan , Gai Bibiana Mozzaquatro , Prigol Marina , da Rosa Luiz Vinícius , Nogueira Cristina Wayne 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe present study investigated whether the antioxidant activity of p,p'‐methoxyl‐diphenyl diselenide [(MeOPhSe)2] is involved in its protective effect against cognitive impairment induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in a model of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Swiss mice were treated with STZ or vehicle [2 µl of 2·5 mg ml−1 solution; intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)] twice, 48 h apart. (MeOPhSe)2 (25 mg kg−1) or vehicle was orally administered 30 min prior to each STZ treatment. Neuroprotector effect of (MeOPhSe)2 on the behavioral performance of mice on spatial recognition memory consolidation was investigated in the Y‐maze test. After that, mouse brains were removed for measuring antioxidant parameters. (MeOPhSe)2 protected against the impairment in learning and memory caused by i.c.v. administration of STZ in mice. (MeOPhSe)2 protected against the increase in reactive species and the reduction of glutathione levels, as well as, the increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione S‐transferase activities caused by STZ in whole brain. These results suggest that antioxidant property is involved, at least in part, in the neuroprotective effect of (MeOPhSe)2 on SDAT induced by STZ in mice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 8‐oxoguanine DNA N‐glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) Ser326Cys variant affects the susceptibility to Graves' disease
Authors: Tanrıkulu Sevda , Doğru‐Abbasoğlu Semra , Özderya Ayşenur , Ademoğlu Evin , Karadağ Berrin , Erbil Yeşim , Uysal Müjdat 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOxidative DNA damage, caused by either endogenous or exogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been linked several diseases including Graves' disease (GD). 7,8‐Dihydro‐8‐oxoguanine (8‐oxoG) is a major lesion produced by ROS and is considered a key biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. In humans, 8‐oxoG is mainly repaired by 8‐oxoguanine DNA N‐glycosylase‐1 (hOGG1), which is an essential component of the base excision repair (BER) pathway. The functional studies showed that hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism is associated with the reduced DNA repair activity and increased risk for some oxidative stress‐related diseases. In this study, we firstly investigated hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism in GD. According to our results, Cys/Cys genotype frequency in the GD patients (23.4%) was significantly higher than the controls (9.2%). Cys/Cys genotype had an 3.5‐fold [95% CI (confidence interval): 2.10–6.01, p < 0.001] the Cys allele had 1.83‐fold (95% CI: 1.43–2.34, p < 0.001) increase in the risk for developing GD. Our results suggest that Ser326Cys polymorphism of the hOGG1 gene is associated with GD risk. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of oxidative stress in patients with chronic renal failure whose hypertension is treated with peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Demirci Şerafettin , Şekeroğlu Mehmet Ramazan , Noyan Tevfik , Köçeroğlu Ruşen , Soyoral Yasemin Usul , Dülger Haluk , Erkoç Reha 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIncreased oxidative stress is a well‐known phenomenon in dialysis patients. However, the contribution of hypertension to the oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients has not yet been assessed. The present study aimed to investigate if hypertension had an additional effect on oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients. A total of 50 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis were divided into two groups: The patients with mean of last three blood pressure results as 135/90 mmHg and above were considered hypertensive, the patients with lower blood pressure were considered normotensive. The control group included 25 healthy individuals. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) levels were measured in all groups. MDA level, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was significantly higher in the hypertensive group compared to the control group, while the increase in the normotensive group was not significant. However, the difference between the hypertensive and normotensive groups was significant. The levels of AOPP, an indicator of protein oxidation level, and MPO, an indicator of neutrophil activation, were not different between the groups, while the activities of antioxidant CAT and GSH‐Px decreased in both normotensive and hypertensive groups compared to the control group, and there was no significant difference between the patient groups. This study shows that both normotensive and hypertensive peritoneal dialysis patients have increased‐oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant levels and hypertension might have an additional effect on oxidative stress by increasing MDA level in peritoneal dialysis patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave‐Assisted Chemoselective Hydrogenation Reactions Incorporating Hydrogen as Reducing Agent
Authors: Schmöger C. , Gallert T. , Stolle A. , Ondruschka B. , Bonrath W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe use of modern microwave equipment affords an easy and safe handling in the laboratory routine. The described quartz reactor system was tested in different reaction types to show its versatile applications. Various liquid‐phase hydrogenations were carried out successfully. The construction of the reactor allows the direct introduction of gases into the reaction mixture so that the reduction can be performed with gaseous hydrogen.
Biomass Size Reduction Machines for Enhancing Biogas Production
Authors: Kratky L. , Jirout T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBiofuel technology seems to be a promising method for economically and environmentally prospective treatments of lignocellulosic wastes from various branches like food processing, forestry, or agriculture. Factors like the lignin content, crystallinity of cellulose, and particle size, limit the digestibility of hemicellulose and cellulose present in lignocelluloses. Biomass size reduction is a mechanical treatment process which due to increasing of the accessible surface area and decreasing of cellulose crystallinity improves the digestibility and the conversion of saccharides during hydrolysis. Informations about equipment design parameters and energy requirements are reviewed in relation to initial and final particle sizes, bulk density, and moisture content in biomass.
Artificial Neural Network for Modeling the Extraction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Lube Oil Cuts
Authors: Mehrkesh A. H. , Hajimirzaee S. , Hatamipour M. S. , Tavakoli T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn artificial neural network (ANN) approach was used to obtain a simulation model to predict the rotating disc contactor (RDC) performance during the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from lube oil cuts, to produce a lubricating base oil using furfural as solvent. The field data used for training the ANN model was obtained from a lubricating oil production company. The input parameters of the ANN model were the volumetric flow rates of feed and solvent, the temperatures of feed and solvent, and the disc rotation rate. The output parameters were the volumetric flow rate of the raffinate phase and the extraction yield. In this study, a feed‐forward multi‐layer perceptron neural network was successfully used to demonstrate the complex relationship between the mentioned input and output parameters.
Gas‐Liquid Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in Aqueous Alcohol Solutions in a Split‐Cylinder Airlift Reactor
Authors: Moraveji M. K. , Sajjadi B. , Davarnejad R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe influences of aliphatic alcohols (CnH2n+1OH, n = 1–4) and their concentrations (0–1 vol.‐%) on gas holdup, liquid circulation velocity, mixing time, and overall volumetric gas‐liquid oxygen mass transfer coefficient were considered in a split‐cylinder airlift reactor sparged with air. The carbon chain length of the alcohols and their concentration affect the airlift reactor performance. Alcohols reduced the average bubble sizes and increased the gas holdup, the interfacial area for mass transfer, and the gas‐liquid mass transfer coefficient. Since butanol has the most carbon atoms in its chain, it had the most significant effect on gas holdup and mass transfer enhancement. It also decreased the liquid circulation velocity by surface tension reduction. Two correlations based on dimensionless groups were applied to investigate the effect of hydrodynamics and molecules on gas holdup and mass transfer. A satisfactory agreement between correlation and experimental results was observed.
3D Analysis of Heat Transfer Intensification by Re‐Entrance Flow Pin‐Fins Microstructures with a Highly Thermal‐Conductive Plate
Authors: Wang Q. , Hessel V. , Rebrov E. V. , Werner B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractJoule heat‐induced hot‐spot formation sets severe limits in the operation of continuous annular electrochromatography (CAEC), a new concept for preparative separation as an analog to analytical capillary electrochromatography (CEC). This may lead to eluent flow perturbance, even to boiling, which would massively weaken separation efficiency and may even hamper the stationary phase used for separation. For reasons of system integration and high‐efficiency heat transfer, micro flow heat exchangers are considered with a separate coolant flow. A 3D numerical analysis of the heat transfer of water single‐phase laminar flow in a square microchannel and different arrays of micro pin‐fins was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics. Several advanced materials with low electric conductivity and at the same time with high heat conductivity were put forward to be used in the CAEC system. As essential design point, it is proposed to constitute the micro heat exchanger from two different parts of the CAEC system, namely a microstructured pin‐fins plate and a so‐called conductive plate.
Plant Extraction with Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems
Authors: Schneider P. , Bischoff F. , Müller U. , Bart H.‐J. , Schlitter K. , Jordan V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe extraction of phytochemicals from plants and their downstream processing is often associated with solvents, which are problematical with respect to health, safety, and environment. An alternative approach is the extraction with aqueous two‐phase systems, which offers a benign environment for complex molecular structures. Particularly nonionic surfactants like, e.g., Genapol® X‐080 and Tween® 65 in high concentrations in water can be used to form aqueous two‐phase systems. Sage (Salvia triloba) is used as a model plant, since it contains a relatively high concentration of the two triterpenes oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA), which are interesting due to their wide range of biological effects. Kinetic experiments have shown that an extractive isolation of triterpene acids using such mesophase systems is possible.
Effect of Microchannel Geometry on High‐Pressure Dispersion and Emulsification
Authors: Gothsch T. , Finke J. H. , Beinert S. , Lesche C. , Schur J. , Büttgenbach S. , Müller‐Goymann C. , Kwade A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractExperimental investigations of the effect of microchannel geometry on high‐pressure dispersion and emulsification were carried out. Customized microchannels of varying geometric principles were fabricated in silicon and steel. In order to characterize the process efficiency of microchannel geometries, the effects of the process parameters (mean velocity, Reynolds number, and local pressure drop) were examined and correlated to the dispersion and emulsification results. It is demonstrated that high pressure losses focused at a small channel length and high velocity gradients lead to high stress intensities and, in consequence, to low particle or droplet sizes. Thus, 2D orifices were successfully further improved regarding their process efficiency by adding a third‐dimension constriction.
On the Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles over Silica‐Based Magnetic Supports Modified with Organosilanes
Authors: Oliveira Rafael L. , Zanchet Daniela , Kiyohara Pedro K. , Rossi Liane M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe immobilization of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on silica is made possible by the functionalization of the silica surfaces with organosilanes. Au NPs could only be stabilized and firmly attached to silica‐support surfaces that were previously modified with amino groups. Au NPs could not be stabilized on bare silica surfaces and most of the NPs were then found in the solution. The metal–support interactions before and after the Au NP formation, observed by X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS), indicate a stronger interaction of gold(III) ions with amino‐modified silica surfaces than with the silanol groups in bare silica. An amino‐modified, silica‐based, magnetic support was used to prepare an active Au NP catalyst for the chemoselective oxidation of alcohols, a reaction of great interest for the fine chemical industry.