bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PPAR activation has dichotomous control on the expression levels of cytosolic and secretory phospholipase A2 in astrocytes; inhibition in naïve, untreated cells and enhancement in LPS‐stimulated cells
Authors: Sergeeva Marina G. , Aleshin Stepan E. , Grabeklis Sevil , Reiser Georg 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 399–410.AbstractDespite the importance of cytosolic phospholipase A2 type IVA (cPLA2) and secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) in physiological and pathological responses of astrocytes in inflammatory conditions, the regulation of the expression of these genes is still unclear. Both genes have peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR) binding sites in their promoters. The role of synthetic PPAR agonists in the regulation of gene expression in naïve and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated rat astrocytes in culture was investigated. Exposure to LPS resulted in a time‐dependent, fourfold transient increase of sPLA2 expression, with maximum at 4 h; cPLA2 expression was notably increased after 16‐h LPS stimulation. Using selective PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ agonists, we found that expression of both cPLA2 and sPLA2 is under PPAR control, but with different isotypes sensitivity. In naïve astrocytes, all three PPAR agonists significantly suppressed the expression of sPLA2, while only PPARα and PPARγ activation suppressed cPLA2 expression. Astonishingly, simultaneous addition of LPS with PPAR agonists evoked the opposite effect. All three PPAR agonists induced potentiation of cPLA2 expression level. Potentiation of sPLA2 expression was induced only by simultaneous addition of LPS with PPARγ agonist. By knockdown of PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, we confirmed the involvement of PPAR‐dependent pathways. The important novelty of our findings is that both sPLA2 and cPLA2 are under dichotomous control of PPARs: suppression in naïve control cells, but induction in LPS‐stimulated astrocytes.
BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH: Parasites of exotic species in invaded areas: does lower diversity mean lower epizootic impact?
Authors: Mastitsky Sergey E. , Karatayev Alexander Y. , Burlakova Lyubov E. , Molloy Daniel P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim  Exotic species may serve as vectors for the introduction of parasites from their native range and may also become infected by parasites already present in invaded areas, but the total number of parasites infecting such exotic species in their invaded areas is typically less than that in their native range. We tested whether the diversity of parasites associated with exotic species in the native and invaded areas is related to the epizootic impact these parasites cause.Location  Global.Methods  We examined the diversity and epizootic impact of 384 parasite taxa associated with 22 exotic freshwater invertebrate species. The epizootic impact of each parasite was rated based on whether it had been documented to cause a major pathological impact on a large proportion of an infected host population (other than the invader under consideration).Results  The total number of parasites associated with an exotic host in its native range was about twice that of all parasites associated with it in its entire invaded range. This was mainly because of the loss in the invaded areas of low impact parasites, whereas the average number of high impact parasites per host in these areas did not differ statistically from that in the native range.Main conclusions  Our study suggests similar levels of adverse impact of parasites of exotic species in both their native and invaded areas. In addition to the introduction of highly pathogenic exotic parasites, other mechanisms that may be involved include (1) acquisition by the invaders of new high impact parasites in the invaded ranges, (2) high abundance of the invaders in their new ranges and (3) susceptibility of novel hosts to exotic parasites because of the ‘naive host syndrome’.
Implications of the proposed Soil Framework Directive on agricultural systems in Atlantic Europe – a review
Authors: Creamer R. E. , Brennan F. , Fenton O. , Healy M. G. , Lalor S. T. J. , Lanigan G. J. , Regan J. T. , Griffiths B. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe main threats to soils outlined in the pending Soil Framework Directive (SFD) are: contamination, loss of organic matter, erosion, compaction, sealing, salinization and desertification. The first four threats are pertinent to agricultural systems in Atlantic Europe, but vary in their extent between countries depending on the spatial soil distribution. Loss of soil biodiversity has not been included as a potential threat in the SFD due to lack of information that is currently available both spatially and temporally to facilitate any legislation to protect it. This paper gives emphasis to the four main threats outlined above associated with Agricultural systems in Atlantic Europe. Each soil threat is discussed in relation to the agricultural management calendar for cultivated and grazed grassland soils. The paper discusses current soil protection policies and possible changes to such legislation with the adoption of the SFD by member states.
Association of salivary lysozyme and C‐reactive protein with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Qvarnstrom Markku , Janket Sok‐Ja , Jones Judith A. , Jethwani Kamal , Nuutinen Pekka , Garcia Raul I. , Baird Alison E. , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Meurman Jukka H. 
Published: July 2010

Qvarnstrom M, Janket S‐J, Jones JA, Jethwani K, Nuutinen P, Garcia RI, Baird AE, Van Dyke TE and Meurman JH. Association of salivary lysozyme and C‐reactive protein with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 805–811. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01605.x. AbstractIntroduction: Salivary lysozyme (SLZ) is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by oral leucocytes and contains a domain that has an affinity to advanced glycation end products (AGE). Thus, we hypothesized that SLZ would be associated with metabolic syndrome (metS), a pro‐inflammatory state.Methods: Utilizing cross‐sectional data from 250 coronary artery disease (CAD) and 250 non‐CAD patients, the association of SLZ with metS was tested by logistic regression analyses controlling for age, sex, smoking, total cholesterol and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. The analyses were stratified by CAD status to control for the possible effects of CAD.Results: MetS was found in 122 persons. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for metS associated with the highest quartile of SLZ was 1.95 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–3.12, p‐value=0.007, compared with the lower three quartiles combined. Among the 40 subjects with metS but without CAD, the OR was 1.63 (CI: 0.64–4.15, p=0.31), whereas in the CAD group, SLZ was significantly associated with metS [OR=1.96 (1.09–3.52), p=0.02]. In both subgroups, CRP was not significantly associated with metS.Conclusion: SLZ was significantly associated with metS (OR=1.95) independent of CRP level. Future longitudinal research is warranted.
Infectivity and pathogenicity of canine H3N8 influenza A virus in horses
Authors: Yamanaka Takashi , Tsujimura Koji , Kondo Takashi , Matsumura Tomio , Ishida Hideharu , Kiso Makoto , Hidari Kazuya I. P. J. , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: Yamanaka et al. (2010) Infectivity and pathogenicity of canine H3N8 influenza A virus in horses. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(6), 345–351.Background  Equine H3N8 influenza A viruses (EIVs) cause respiratory disease in horses and circulate among horses worldwide. In 2004, an outbreak of canine H3N8 influenza A virus (CIV) occurred among dogs in Florida and has spread among dogs in the United States (US). Genetic analyses revealed that this CIV is closely related to the recent EIVs. Although CIV‐infected dogs could be the source of H3N8 influenza A virus for horses, it remains unclear whether the CIV circulating in the United States still maintains its infectivity and/or pathogenicity in horses. To address this, we investigated the infectivity and pathogenicity of CIV in horses and the receptor binding specificity of CIV.Materials and methods  Three horses were inoculated with A/canine/Colorado/30604/2006 (CO06, H3N8). Clinical signs and nasal swabs were recorded or collected every day. We also evaluated the virus binding to α2‐3‐linked 5‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAcα2‐3Gal) and 5‐N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGcα2‐3Gal) receptor analogues.Results  Although all the three horses inoculated with CO06 seroconverted, they showed only mild clinical signs and two of them showed no virus shedding. CO06 had reduced binding to NeuGcα2‐3Gal.Discussion  Our results demonstrated that CO06 had reduced proliferation ability and pathogenicity in horses. As the recognition of NeuGcα2‐3Gal by EIV is known to be essential for binding to the equine respiratory system, the decreased binding of CO06 to NeuGcα2‐3Gal may be one of the important factors that reduces the proliferation ability and pathogenicity of CO06 in horses.
Bayesian reconstitution of environmental change from disparate historical records: hedgerow loss and farmland bird declines
Authors: Cornulier Thomas , Robinson Robert A. , Elston David , Lambin Xavier , Sutherland William J. , Benton Tim G. 
Published: July 2010

Summary1. Understanding the mechanisms by which environmental change has impacted natural processes typically requires good time series for the environmental change. Unfortunately, other than for climate, detailed time series of historical environments are scarce. In many instances, researchers can only collate disparate and sometimes fragmented information from the literature or from historical or pre‐historical sources.2. Here, we apply modern statistical methods to reconstruct a recent historical time series of environmental change from sparse data collected from heterogeneous sources. Specifically, we deal with record irregularity and the varying levels of uncertainty associated with each datum using state‐space models in a hierarchical Bayesian framework.3. As an example, we reconstruct a time series of a simple landscape feature (hedgerow length) over a large spatial scale (Britain) over a long‐time period (50 years), by combining both stock estimates and rate of change estimates, gathered from different historical sources.4. We illustrate the utility of the method by relating the population trends of a hedgerow‐nesting passerine bird, the yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella to the reconstructed trends in hedgerow length. Population density was closely related to hedgerow availability, suggesting a potential key role for nesting habitat loss in the yellowhammer decline.5. The modelling framework we used is flexible and general. The method can be adapted to reconstruct time series of any environmental variables from a variety of sparse and heterogeneous historical sources.
Getting started with meta‐analysis
Authors: Harrison Freya 
Published: July 2010

Summary1. Meta‐analysis is a powerful and informative tool for basic and applied research. It provides a statistical framework for synthesizing and comparing the results of studies which have all tested a particular hypothesis. Meta‐analysis has the potential to be particularly useful for ecologists and evolutionary biologists, as individual experiments often rely on small sample sizes due to the constraints of time and manpower, and therefore have low statistical power.2. The rewards of conducting a meta‐analysis can be significant. It can be the basis of a systematic review of a topic that provides a powerful exploration of key hypotheses or theoretical assumptions, thereby influencing the future development of a field of research. Alternatively, for the applied scientist, it can provide robust answers to questions of ecological, medical or economic significance. However, planning and conducting a meta‐analysis can be a daunting prospect and the analysis itself is invariably demanding and labour intensive. Errors or omissions made at the planning stage can create weeks of extra work.3. While a range of useful resources is available to help the budding meta‐analyst on his or her way, much of the key information and explanation is spread across different articles and textbooks. In order to help the reader use the available information as efficiently as possible (and so avoid making time‐consuming errors) this article aims to provide a ‘road map’ to the existing literature. It provides a brief guide to planning, organizing and implementing a meta‐analysis which focuses more on logic and implementation than on maths; it is intended to be a first port of call for those interested in the topic and should be used in conjunction with the more detailed books and articles referenced. In the main, references are cited and discussed with an emphasis on useful reading order rather than a chronological history of meta‐analysis and its uses.4. No prior knowledge of meta‐analysis is assumed in the current article, though it is assumed that the reader is familiar with anova and regression‐type statistical models.
Ranpirnase (Frog RNase) Targeted with a Humanized, Internalizing, Anti–Trop-2 Antibody Has Potent Cytotoxicity against Diverse Epithelial Cancer Cells
Authors: Chang Chien-Hsing , Gupta Pankaj , Michel Rosana , Loo Meiyu , Wang Yang , Cardillo Thomas M. , Goldenberg David M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRanpirnase (Rap), an amphibian RNase, has been extensively studied both preclinically and clinically as an antitumor agent. Rap can be administered repeatedly to patients without any untoward immune response, with reversible renal toxicity reported to be dose limiting. To enhance its potency and targeted tumor therapy, we describe the generation of a novel IgG-based immunotoxin, designated 2L-Rap(Q)-hRS7, comprising Rap(Q), a mutant Rap with the putative N-glycosylation site removed, and hRS7, an internalizing, humanized antibody against Trop-2, a cell surface glycoprotein overexpressed in variety of epithelial cancers. The immunotoxin was generated recombinantly by fusing Rap(Q) to each of the two hRS7 light (L) chains at the NH2 terminus, produced in stably transfected myeloma cells, purified by Protein A, and evaluated by a panel of in vitro studies. The results, including size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography, SDS-PAGE, flow cytometry, RNase activity, internalization, cell viability, and colony formation, showed its purity, molecular integrity, comparable affinity to hRS7 for binding to several Trop-2–expressing cell lines of different cancer types, and potency to inhibit growth of these cell lines at nanomolar concentrations. In addition, 2L-Rap(Q)-hRS7 suppressed tumor growth in a prophylactic model of nude mice bearing Calu-3 human non–small cell lung cancer xenografts, with an increase in the median survival time from 55 to 96 days (P &lt; 0.01). These results warrant further development of 2L-Rap(Q)-hRS7 as a potential therapeutic for various Trop-2–expressing cancers, such as cervical, breast, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(8); 2276–86. ©2010 AACR.
Object-based Selection of Irrelevant Features Is Not Confined to the Attended Object
Authors: Boehler Carsten N. , Schoenfeld Mircea A. , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Hopf Jens-Max 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Attention to one feature of an object can bias the processing of unattended features of that object. Here we demonstrate with ERPs in visual search that this object-based bias for an irrelevant feature also appears in an unattended object when it shares that feature with the target object. Specifically, we show that the ERP response elicited by a distractor object in one visual field is modulated as a function of whether a task-irrelevant color of that distractor is also present in the target object that is presented in the opposite visual field. Importantly, we find this modulation to arise with a delay of approximately 80 msec relative to the N2pc—a component of the ERP response that reflects the focusing of attention onto the target. In a second experiment, we demonstrate that this modulation reflects enhanced neural processing in the unattended object. These observations together facilitate the surprising conclusion that the object-based selection of irrelevant features is spatially global even after attention has selected the target object.
Stress-induced premature senescence mediated by a novel gene, SENEX, results in an anti-inflammatory phenotype in endothelial cells
Authors: Coleman Paul R. , Hahn Christopher N. , Grimshaw Matthew , Lu Ying , Li Xiaochun , Brautigan Peter J. , Beck Konstanze , Stocker Roland , Vadas Mathew A. , Gamble Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCellular senescence is a mechanism to inhibit the growth of mammalian cells after oncogenic activation, or in response to damage or stress. We describe here the identification of a novel gene, SENEX, that regulates stress induced premature senescence pathways in endothelial cells (ECs) involving p16INK4a and retinoblastoma protein activation. Endogenous levels of SENEX remain unchanged during replicative senescence but are regulated by H2O2-mediated stress. In contrast to that previously described for senescence in other cell types, the SENEX induced senescent ECs are profoundly anti-inflammatory. The cells are resistant to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α–induced apoptosis, adhesion of neutrophils and mononuclear cells, and the surface (but not cytoplasmic) expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Furthermore they are resistant to thrombin induced vascular leak. Senescent ECs such as those lining atherosclerotic lesions may therefore function to limit the inflammatory response. SENEX is also essential for EC survival since depletion either ectopically by siRNA or by high- dose H2O2 treatment causes apoptosis. Together, these findings expand our understanding of the role of senescence in the vasculature and identify SENEX as a fulcrum for driving the resultant phenotype of the endothelium after activation.
Population and structural changes of the metastable state II in sodiumnitroprusside (Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] · 2H2O) at 60 K
Authors: Schefer J. , Woike Th. , Haussühl S. , Díaz M. T. Fernandez 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present population dynamics and structural properties of the metastable electronic excited state MS
Effects of Location, Hybrid, Fertilizer, and Rate of Planting on the Oil and Protein Contents of Corn Grain1
Authors: Genter C. F. , Eheart J. F. , Linkous W. N. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisWith 7 corn hybrids at various locations in Virginia, hybrids were more important than growing conditions as a source of variation in oil content; the reverse was true for the effect on protein content. With 3 levels of N, P, and K, and at 10,000 and 16,000 plants per acre, the location, planting rate, and N level all significantly affected protein content. Protein content was significantly higher under drought conditions than under good growing conditions. Highest protein yields occurred with the higher plant stand and heaviest N application. None of the factors had any appreciable effect on oil content:
Tetrasomic Inheritance of an Elongated Hypocotyl Mutant in Alfalfa1
Authors: Davis R. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMutant alfalfa plants, first observed in a S1 population, were characterized by an elongated hypocotyl and a chlorophyll deficiency. Data suggest that both of these characters were conditioned by the presence at one location of recessive genes in the nulliplex genotype aaaa. The gene symbol el was proprosed.
Effects of Annual Weeds on the Growth and Yield of Soybeans1
Authors: Staniforth David W. , Weber Charles R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn 15 experiments, yield reductions of soybeans in weed‐infested plantings averaged 3.7 bushels per acre or approximately 10% of weed‐free beans when weeds were grown the entire season. Foxtail reduced bean yields slightly less than smartweed or velvet leaf. Dry matter yield of above ground parts of soybeans and weeds combined approximated that of weed‐free beans alone. Effects of rainfall are discussed. Possible effects of uncontrolled factors are recognized.
Potato Yield and Tuber Shape as Affected by Severe Soil‐Moisture Deficits and Plant Spacing1
Authors: Robins J. S. , Domingo C. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTotal and U.S. No. 1 grade yield of Russet Burbank variety potatoes was reduced up to 30% and 58%, respectively, by soil‐moisture stress. Spindled tubers resulted from stress at any time following tuber initiation. Location and intensity of the growth constriction corresponded to the time and intensity of the imposed stress. Late‐season stress hastened maturity and reduced growth cracking whereas mid‐season stress increased growth cracking. Knobby second‐growth was essentially independent of moisture in these experiments.Reduced stem populations resulted in a lower yield and number of tubers and a higher percentage of tubers with knobby second‐growth and growth cracks.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Protein Content of Grain Sorghum in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas1
Authors: Burleson C. A. , Cowley W. R. , Otey G. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn a field experiment with grain sorghum, applications of 60 and 120 pounds per acre of nitrogen gave significant increases in both content and yield of protein in the grain and forage. Apparent nitrogen recovery was 83.2 and 89.6%, respectively, when 60 and 120 pounds of nitrogen per acre were applied.
Establishment of Alfalfa in Wide‐Row Corn1
Authors: Tesar Milo B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDrilling and packing alfalfa seed in a band over fertilizer in corn rows 60 or 80 inches wide resulted in alfalfa stands and yields not significantly different from those produced by seedings made in oats. Packing after drilling resulted in stands 28 to 109% better than stands established without packing in the three years of tests. Data indicate that seedings will be more difficult to establish in corn than in oats in dry summers or drier portions of the corn belt. An apparent disadvantage is that seedings fail to establish in the area immediately adjacent to the corn rows.
Tillering Studies in Oats II. Effect of Photoperiod and Date of Planting1
Authors: Wiggans S. C. , Frey K. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOat varieties grown under various light and temperature conditions produced different numbers of head bearing tillers. All of the varieties tested needed more than 12 hours of continuous photoperiod to produce heads within 90 days. Plants grown at 58° F. did not head as rapidly as those grown at 70° F. The number of head bearing tillers per plant decreased with increased planting rates. Delaying planting from early April until the first week in May increased the number of heads per plant while plantings made after the first week in May decreased rapidly in number of heads per plant.
Effect of Soil Insecticides on Emergence, Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition of Soybeans1
Authors: Probst A. H. , Everly Ray T. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOf ten insecticides studied, only BHC and DDT at high rates caused deleterious effects on soybean emergence. High rates of BHC caused significant reductions in yield. There were no noticeable effects on height, lodging, seed quality, maturity, protein content, or iodine number of the oil. There was very little effect on oil content. Soybeans can be planted safely following crops where soil insecticides have been used, since the dosages used in these tests were much greater than present recommendations for the control of soil insects.
Selection for Resistance to Seed Pod Shattering in Birdsfoot Trefoil, (Lotus corniculatus L.)1
Authors: Peacock H. A. , Wilsie C. P. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThrough one cycle of selection for shattering resistance, seed pod dehiscence was reduced 17%. A laboratory method of screening trefoil pods for shattering resistance was repeatable as indicated by a correlation coefficient of 0.992 expressing the relationship between shattering percentages of seed pods collected from diallel cross progenies on two dates. Exposure of seed pods to a relative humidity of 35% for 72 hours was necessary to differentiate the degree of resistance to shattering.