bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenyl modification of Mn‐containing mesoporous silica and catalytic oxidation of toluene
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Chen , Zhang Qiaohong , Du Zhongtian , Zhang Zhan , Gao Jin , Xu Jie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Catalytic oxidation of toluene with dioxygen is a fundamental industrial technology because the oxidized products are important intermediates for many fine chemicals. In this study, phenyl modification was utilized to alter catalyst surface characteristics in order to enhance activity.RESULTS: Phenyl groups were successfully immobilized on the surface of Mn‐containing hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) through a one‐step synthesis route, as demonstrated by detailed characterization. As a result, the surface of the catalyst PhMnHMS was more hydrophobic with a water droplet contact angle of 96°. In the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid with dioxygen under solvent‐free conditions, this new catalyst showed higher activity and selectivity than non‐organomodified MnHMS, and the conversion and selectivity increased by a factor of 40% and 9%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Modification of the catalyst surface with phenyl groups was an effective strategy to increase activity in the oxidation of toluene. Both conversion and selectivity were improved and this is linked to the hydrophobic character of the surface. This organic modification strategy may also be extended for oxidation of other hydrocarbons. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Proof of a conjecture on game domination
Authors: Favaron O. , Karami H. , Khoeilar R. , Sheikholeslami S. M. , Volkmann L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe game domination number of a (simple, undirected) graph is defined by the following game. Two players,
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\mathcal{A}}$\end{document} and
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\mathcal{D}}$\end{document}, orient the edges of the graph alternately until all edges are oriented. Player
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\mathcal{D}}$\end{document} starts the game, and his goal is to decrease the domination number of the resulting digraph, while
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\mathcal{A}}$\end{document} is trying to increase it. The game domination number of the graph G, denoted by γg(G), is the domination number of the directed graph resulting from this game. This is well defined if we suppose that both players follow their optimal strategies. Alon et al. (Discrete Math 256 (2002), 23–33) conjectured that, if both G and \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline{G}$\end{document} are connected graphs with n vertices, then \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\gamma_{g}(G)+\gamma_{g}(\overline{G})\le\frac{2}{3}{n}+{3}$\end{document}. In this paper we prove that this conjecture is true for n⩾41. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 323–329, 2010
List multicoloring problems involving the k‐fold Hall numbers
Authors: Cropper Mathew , Hilton Anthony J. W. , Johnson Peter D. , Lehel Jenö 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe show that the four‐cycle has a k‐fold list coloring if the lists of colors available at the vertices satisfy the necessary Hall's condition, and if each list has length at least ⌈5k/3⌉; furthermore, the same is not true with shorter list lengths. In terms of h(k)(G), the k ‐fold Hall number of a graph G, this result is stated as h(k)(C4)=2k−⌊k/3⌋. For longer cycles it is known that h(k)(Cn)=2k, for n odd, and 2k−⌊k/(n−1)⌋≤h(k)(Cn)≤2k, for n even. Here we show the lower bound for n even, and conjecture that this is the right value (just as for C4). We prove that if G is the diamond (a four‐cycle with a diagonal), then h(k)(G)=2k. Combining these results with those published earlier we obtain a characterization of graphs G with h(k)(G)=k. As a tool in the proofs we obtain and apply an elementary generalization of the classical Hall–Rado–Halmos–Vaughan theorem on pairwise disjoint subset representatives with prescribed cardinalities. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 16–34, 2010.
The independence number condition for the existence of a spanning f‐tree
Authors: Enomoto Hikoe , Ozeki Kenta 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLet G be a graph and f be a mapping from V(G) to the positive integers. A subgraph T of G is called an f‐tree if T forms a tree and dT(x)≤f(x) for any x∈V(T). We propose a conjecture on the existence of a spanning f‐tree, and give a partial solution to it. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65:
173–184, 2010
Acute tryptophan depletion potentiates 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine‐induced cerebrovascular hyperperfusion in adult male wistar rats
Authors: van Donkelaar Eva L. , Kelly Paul A.T. , Dawson Neil , Blokland Arjan , Prickaerts Jos , Steinbusch Harry W.M. , Ferrington Linda 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe serotonergic (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) dysfunction found in depression may affect not only brain function (mood) but also cerebrovascular control. Similar, but possibly occult, disturbances may also be induced by 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine‐induced neurotoxicty (MDMA, or “ecstasy”). Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) is widely used to identify vulnerability to depression, and we hypothesized that repeated MDMA administration would increase the sensitivity of rats to this acute serotonergic challenge. In this study, male Wistar rats were injected with MDMA (20 mg · kg−1, twice daily for 4 days) and challenged 3 weeks later with ATD, induced by intragastric administration of a nutritional mixture with tryptophan (TRP) removed. Cerebral metabolism (CMRG) and blood flow (CBF) were measured in parallel groups of animals following ATD by using quantitative [14C]2‐deoxyglucose and [14C]iodoantipyrine autoradiographic techniques, respectively. A significant reduction in paroxetine binding to 5‐HT transporter sites in MDMA‐treated rats indicated 5HT terminal depletion, whereas the plasma TRP/sum large neutral amino acids ratio was reduced by 40% following ATD. Under all experimental conditions, the normal close correlation between CBF and metabolic demand was maintained. However, a global analysis of all brain regions revealed a significant decrease in the overall ratio of CBF to CMRG after ATD in control animals, whereas a higher ratio was observed after ATD in the MDMA‐treated group. This increase in blood flow relative to cerebral metabolism suggests an ATD‐induced loss of cerebrovascular tone in MDMA‐treated animals that could have pathophysiological consequences and might conceivably contribute to the behavioral dysfunction of depression. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Observed trends in frost and hours of cold in Majorca
Authors: Cuxart J. , Guijarro J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe observed trends in some cold indices in the island of Majorca are analysed using the available series of the daily minimum temperatures of the Majorca Airport (1972–2008), supplemented with the inspection of eight more climatological stations of the island covering at least 30 simultaneous years. The analysis yields a statistically significant trend to a rise of about 0.6 °C per decade for the ensemble of the stations. There is also a clear shortening of the season with days with T below 0 °C or 7 °C, but the yearly minima or the dates of the first and last occurrence of these values do not show so well‐defined tendencies. A rise in night‐time cloud cover could be related to such behaviour. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Determination of melamine in royal jelly and lyophilized powder using ultrasonically assisted extraction by ion‐pair HPLC with UV detection
Authors: Zhou Jinhui , Zhao Jing , Xue Xiaofeng , Chen Fang , Zhang Jinzhen , Li Yi , Wu Liming , Chen Lanzhen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA rapid method for the analysis of melamine in royal jelly (RJ) and RJ lyophilized powder (RJLP) was developed using ion‐pair RP‐HPLC coupled with UV detector. The method utilized an optimized buffer system to avoid the elution of melamine near the column void volume and improve retention of melamine in a generic C8 chromatographic column. In addition, sample preparation included deproteination, ultrasonic‐assisted extraction, and cleanup on a mixed‐mode cation exchange extraction cartridge. The extraction procedure was optimized with regard to the amount of extraction solvent and the duration of sonication for RJ and RJLP samples. The following criteria were used to validate the HPLC–UV detection method: selectivity, linearity, precision, LOD, and LOQ. Correlation coefficient was higher than 0.999 by applying the linear regression model based on the least square method with a weighting factor (1/x). Precision was evaluated as repeatability and intermediary precision with RSD of less than 15%. The mean percentage recoveries of melamine were varied from 72.5 to 90.5% for RJ and RJLP. This approach will be of particular utility for the evaluation of melamine residue level and routine monitoring of melamine in RJ and RJLP samples.
SLC26A4 genotype, but not cochlear radiologic structure, is correlated with hearing loss in ears with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct
Authors: King Kelly A. , Choi Byung Yoon , Zalewski Christopher , Madeo Anne C. , Manichaikul Ani , Pryor Shannon P. , Ferruggiaro Anne , Eisenman David , Kim H. Jeffrey , Niparko John , Thomsen James , Butman John A. , Griffith Andrew J. , Brewer Carmen C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Identify correlations among SLC26A4 genotype, cochlear structural anomalies, and hearing loss associated with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA).Study Design:Prospective cohort survey, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, a federal biomedical research facility.Methods:Eighty‐three individuals, 11 months to 59 years of age, with EVA in at least one ear were studied. Correlations among pure‐tone hearing thresholds, number of mutant SLC26A4 alleles, and the presence of cochlear anomalies detected by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were examined.Results:Linear mixed‐effects model indicated significantly poorer hearing in ears with EVA in individuals with two mutant alleles of SLC26A4 than in those with EVA and a single mutant allele (P = .012) or no mutant alleles (P = .007) in this gene. There was no detectable relationship between degree of hearing loss and the presence of structural cochlear anomalies.Conclusions:The number of mutant alleles of SLC26A4, but not the presence of cochlear anomalies, has a significant association with severity of hearing loss in ears with EVA. This information will be useful for prognostic counseling of patients and families with EVA. Laryngoscope, 2010
Novel Shape‐Memory Materials Based on Potato Starch
Authors: Véchambre Cyril , Chaunier Laurent , Lourdin Denis 
Published: December 2009

AbstractShape‐memory properties such as shape fixity and recovery ratio of amorphous starch‐based materials extruded under normal conditions were evaluated for the case of single and cyclic recovery processing. This study focused on the effect of moisture as a stimulus for the activation of recovery. A high recovery ratio (Rr > 90%) was obtained at high relative humidity, at deformation ratios up to 200%. In the case of plasticized starch with a glycerol content of 10%, the recovery ratio was close to 50% because crystallization limited the shape recovery. Results were compared to those obtained with synthetic or bio‐based shape‐memory polymers such as semi‐crystalline PU or PLAGC. Efficient shape memory properties for a non‐modified biopolymer are highlighted in this study.magnified image
How price increases affect future purchases: The role of mental budgeting, income, and framing
Authors: Homburg Christian , Koschate Nicole , Totzek Dirk 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article suggests that mental budgeting processes provide afurther understanding of how and to what degree price increases negatively affect a customer's future purchase behavior in a particular category of expenses. Furthermore, the authors analyze how customer income and different price presentation tactics alter this reaction. Results of two experimental studies using both students and non‐students show that customer income attenuates the negative effect of a price increase on the likelihood of a future purchase in a particular expense category. As an underlying mechanism, the influence of customer income on future purchase behavior is partially mediated by the degree to which customers engage in mental budgeting. Moreover, mental budgeting strengthens the negative effect of a price increase on a future purchase in the same category of expenses, whereas it does not alter the effect of a price increase on a future purchase in another category. Finally, the framing of a price increase as a percentage versus in absolute terms leads to a lower likelihood of a future category purchase. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Salespersons' self‐monitoring: Direct, indirect, and moderating effects on salespersons' organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Bande Vilela Belén , Varela González José Antonio , Fernández Ferrín Pilar 
Published: December 2009

AbstractResearch into self‐monitoring (SM) confirms that people differ when it comes to how much they observe, regulate, and control themselves in certain social settings and interpersonal relationships. Research also shows that high self‐monitors, as opposed to low self‐monitors, perform better in boundary‐spanning positions that require good communication skills. Therefore, it is a matter of interest to analyze the effects of SM on salespeople's behavior, and on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in particular. It has been proven that this behavior affects the performance of organizations and influences supervisors' evaluations of subordinates. Although a number of studies examine the antecedents of OCB, certain relationships have yet to be looked at. This study proposes and tests a model stating that salespersons' OCB is determined by salespersons' SM, with this relationship being mediated by salespersons' person–organization (PO) fit and job satisfaction. This study also analyzes the moderating effect of salespersons' SM on PO fit to job satisfaction relationships, as well as on job satisfaction to OCB relationships. Data collected from 122 supervisor–salesperson dyads in 35 companies across 9 different sectors confirm the proposed model. In fact, the results show that SM, both directly and indirectly, has a positive effect on OCB due to the way in which it influences salespersons' PO fit and job satisfaction. The results also confirm the moderating role of SM in the relationships between job satisfaction and OCB, and between PO fit and job satisfaction. Certain implications of this study, as well as directions for future research, are also addressed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Price setting in Hungary—a store‐level analysis
Authors: Gábriel Péter , Reiff Ádám 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper uses Hungarian micro‐CPI data between December 2001 and June 2007 to provide descriptive statistics of store‐level pricing practices in Hungary. First we present simple descriptive statistics about the frequency and average size of price changes, and compare it with similar statistics from other countries. Then we decompose the observed variations in the inflation rate to variations in frequencies and sizes. Finally, we estimate the inflation effects of three general VAT‐rate changes during our sample period. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compact rectangular slot antenna with a novel coplanar waveguide fed diamond patch for ultra wideband applications
Authors: Koohestani Mohsen , Golpour Mohsen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis letter presents a rectangular slot antenna with a novel coplanar waveguide fed diamond patch covering frequency range from 2.27 to 10.63 GHz based on S11 < −10 dB, 129%. The fabricated antenna has a small size as high as 42 × 42 mm2. The measured results are in good agreement with simulation results. The measured radiation patterns are nearly omni‐directional over the most of the frequency bandwidth. The antenna gain ranges from 1.6 to 7.6 dBi. The simple structure, compact size, and good characteristics make the antenna easy to use in commercial ultra wideband systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 331–334, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24899
Compact wideband multilayer microstrip coupled lines bandpass filter for X‐band application
Authors: Adam Helmi , Ismail Alyani , Mahdi Mohd Adzir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA wideband bandpass filter for X‐band application using multilayer microstrip coupled lines is presented in this article. Strong coupling required for wideband filter is realized by arranging multiple layers of microstrip lines on two different dielectric substrates and by overlapping these lines. The filter is fabricated on 0.254 mm thickness R/T Duroid 6010 and R/T Duroid 5880 with dielectric constant 10.2 and 2.2, respectively, by using standard photolithography process. Good results are obtained where the frequency responses exhibit that the filter successfully covers whole X‐band frequencies by producing 44% bandwidth at 10.2 GHz center frequency with fifth‐order Chebyshev response. Measured responses show good agreement with the simulated responses. The measured insertion loss for the multilayer filter is better than 2.5 dB, and the passband return loss is better than −12.4 dB. ©2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 448–450, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24916
Integrated wide–narrow band antenna for multiband applications
Authors: Ebrahimi E. , Hall P. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article, a novel integration concept is introduced for multiband antennas. An integrated wide–narrow band antenna is presented, which is composed of a shorted microstrip patch integrated to a coplanar waveguide fed ultrawideband monopole antenna. The patch is printed on the reverse side of the substrate using the monopole antenna as a ground plane. A prototype of the antenna is fabricated and verified. This antenna adds the possibility to operate in two of different standards or frequency bands at any given time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 425–430, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24926
Design and implementation of a high‐performance V‐band CMOS bandpass filter
Authors: Chang Jin‐Fa , Lin Yo‐Sheng 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article, we demonstrate a low‐insertion‐loss V‐band (50–75 GHz) bandpass filter with two finite transmission zeros by standard 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The proposed filter architecture has the following feature: the low‐frequency transmission‐zero and the high‐frequency transmission‐zero can be tuned by the series‐feedback capacitorCsand the parallel‐feedback capacitorCp, respectively. Besides, low‐insertion‐loss is achieved by adopting thick microstrip‐line (MSL) with optimized ground‐plane pattern as the needed inductors to minimize the metal and substrate loss. This filter achieved insertion‐loss (1/S21) lower than 3 dB over the frequency range of 52.2–76.7 GHz, input return loss (S11) better than −10 dB over the frequency range of 50.2–80.6 GHz, and output return loss (S22) better than −10 dB over the frequency range of 50.2–77.3 GHz. The minimum insertion‐loss was 2.18 dB at 63.5 GHz, an excellent result for a V‐band CMOS bandpass filter. The chip area was only 0.466 × 0.307 mm2, i.e., 0.143 mm2, excluding the test pads. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 309–316, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24935
Aperture efficiency analysis of reflectarray antennas
Authors: Yu Ang , Yang Fan , Elsherbeni Atef Z. , Huang John , Rahmat‐Samii Yahya 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the design procedure of a reflectarray antenna system, the aperture efficiency needs to be first analyzed to forecast the system performance. This article investigates the effects of the reflectarray configuration parameters on the antenna aperture efficiency. A general approach is introduced to calculate the spillover efficiency of a reflectarray with arbitrarily shaped aperture and feed scheme. Meanwhile, the illumination efficiency of the reflectarray is analyzed with a unified set of equations. On the basis of these derivations, parametric studies are performed to provide design guidelines for optimizing the aperture efficiency of reflectarray antennas. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 364–372, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24949
Design of WiFi/WiMAX dual‐band E‐shaped patch antennas through cavity model approach
Authors: Hsu Heng‐Tung , Kuo Fang‐Yao , Lu Ping‐Hung 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe design of dual‐band, single patch microstrip antenna covering 2.4 and 3.5 GHz for WiFi and WiMAX applications based on E‐shaped patch is presented. Although cavity model analysis is included in the design procedure, the slotted configuration is treated as the perturbed cavity to characterize the resonant frequencies of corresponding modes. Additionally, the feed point position is determined through the field distribution resulted from the modal analysis. A new equivalent circuit model based on the coupled resonators theory is proposed for analysis purposes. The relationship between cavity model analysis and antenna resonances is further evidenced by the surface current distributions on the conductors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 471–474, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24954
Not just cattle: Cranial perforations revisited
Authors: Fabiš Marian , Thomas Richard 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe phenomenon of perforated cattle skulls is well known to archaeozoologists. It is a condition that has not only been reported during routine faunal analyses but, unusually for animal palaeopathological studies, it has also been the subject of dedicated research papers. A revolutionary moment in the understanding of this anomaly came with its detection in the skull of a European bison. As a result of this discovery, a developmental disorder of genetic origin is now accepted as the most probable cause. In this paper, it is suggested that the perforations are caused by a developmental disorder that is expressed during the pneumatisation of the frontal, parietal and occipital bones in animals with a large sinus frontalis. The first published example of this condition in pig supports this hypothesis. It is argued that the anomaly is a hereditary trait caused by a recessive gene, the phenotypic expression of which only appears in homozygous recessive individuals. Higher incidences of this condition in past cattle and pig populations in certain places at times, may therefore testify to the occurrence of population bottlenecks and/or inbreeding practices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.