bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of long-lived cycle mesoscale eddies on air–sea CO2 flux in the South Atlantic: focus on the full life cycle of the eddy
Authors: Liu Xiaoke , Wu Huisheng , Fan Yanguo , Ji Yunlong , Zhou Wenliang , Wang Lejie , Cui Long 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mesoscale eddies are prevalent in the global oceans and are known to influence oceanic and atmospheric conditions. This study aims to assess how the impact of mesoscale eddies on air–sea CO2 fluxes varies throughout their lifecycle. We compared six machine learning models, including light gradient boosting machine, support vector machine, and XGBoost models, to construct an FCO2 evaluation model. Among these, the XGBoost model performed the best, with model validation yielding the coefficient of determination (R
2) value of 0.9046 and a root mean square error of 1.4165 mmol m–2 d–1, successfully assessing the air–sea CO2 fluxes in the South Atlantic. Analysing eddies with a lifespan exceeding 300 d during the period from 1995 to 2020, we identified two distinct peaks in the influence of eddies on air–sea CO2 fluxes during their life cycle: the first peak occurs approximately between the second and fifth deciles of the life cycle, during which the eddies have a broader impact range but weaker influence; the second peak emerges between the seventh and ninth deciles, exhibiting a narrower impact range but significantly stronger influence. These findings provide crucial quantitative evidence for understanding the marine carbon sequestration mechanism and reveal the complexity and dynamic nature of mesoscale eddies’ impact on air–sea CO2 fluxes.
Footprints of cocaine: a bibliometric analysis and systematic review of the environmental impacts of the cocaine value chain in Latin America
Authors: López Hernán Manrique 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While cocaine production is reaching unprecedented levels, a comprehensive review of its environmental impacts throughout its value chain remains absent. This article presents the first bibliometric analysis and systematic review of the literature on the environmental impacts of the cocaine value chain in Latin America, aiming to uncover its specific effects across four stages: (i) coca cultivation, (ii) coca farming, (iii) cocaine manufacturing and (iv) cocaine trafficking. Using a four-step selection process, we reviewed 121 studies published between 1979 and 2022, retrieved from 10 search engines and scientific databases, complemented by an extensive screening of gray literature. The article identifies and quantifies most frequent study sites, research methods, data sources and metrics, followed by a critical review of the research findings. Key findings highlight that land use land cover change and deforestation in the coca cultivation and cocaine trafficking phases, along with soil degradation under the coca farming stage, are the main variables examined to evaluate impacts. Nevertheless, substantial gaps remain in our understanding of how these impacts are distributed across study areas, their applicability to the broader region, and the consistency and rigor of the research methodologies used. The article concludes by incorporating research and policy recommendations that underscore how these environmental impacts are deeply intertwined with the failures of the drug war, emphasizing the need to develop more comprehensive and evidence-based policy responses.
Learning 3-manifold triangulations
Authors: Costantino Francesco , He Yang-Hui , Heyes Elli , Hirst Edward 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Real 3-manifold triangulations can be uniquely represented by isomorphism signatures. Databases of these isomorphism signatures are generated for a variety of 3-manifolds and knot complements, using SnapPy and Regina, then these language-like inputs are used to train various machine learning architectures to differentiate the manifolds, as well as their Dehn surgeries, via their triangulations. Gradient saliency analysis then extracts key parts of this language-like encoding scheme from the trained models. The isomorphism signature databases are taken from the 3-manifolds’ Pachner graphs, which are also generated in bulk for some selected manifolds of focus and for the subset of the SnapPy orientable cusped census with

<
8

initial tetrahedra. These Pachner graphs are further analysed through the lens of network science to identify new structure in the triangulation representation; in particular for the hyperbolic case, a relation between the length of the shortest geodesic (systole) and the size of the Pachner graph’s ball is observed.
Medication cold chain improvement by using IoT-based smart tracking: a case study in KSA
Authors: Bouazzi Imen R , Zaidi Monji M , Shati Ruida , Bedywi Lama , Alahmari Shahad , Al Qahtani Reem , Asiri Sara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In general, managing the cold chain of diabetes medication involves considerable issues nowadays, particularly regarding real-time monitoring of those logistic chains. The safety and efficacy of diabetes medication is often compromised during transportation due to inadequate real-time tracking methods. This project uses smart technology based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud databases management to develop an improved real-time monitoring system in order to enhance the cold chain logistics process. Using special packaging with Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and installing sensors and introducing the Global Positioning System (GPS) modules on trucks to monitor and analyse temperature, humidity, and location, all of these parameters are crucial for preserving product integrity, and those key metrics are the primary elements of the recommended approach. The data collected provides valuable insights, enabling spoilage reduction, improving operational efficiency, and contributing to sustainability in the pharmaceutical supply chain. By following the guidelines set by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority, this project aims to ensure the safety and efficiency of insulin products throughout their journey.
Complexes from complexes: Finite element complexes in three dimensions
Authors: Chen Long , Huang Xuehai 
Published: February 2025

In the field of solving partial differential equations (PDEs), Hilbert complexes have become highly significant. Recent advances focus on creating new complexes using the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand (BGG) framework, as shown by Arnold and Hu [Found. Comput. Math. 21 (2021), pp. 1739–1774]. This paper extends their approach to three-dimensional finite element complexes. The finite element Hessian, elasticity, and divdiv complexes are systematically derived by applying techniques such as smooth finite element de Rham complexes, the

t
t

-

n
n

decomposition, and trace complexes, along with related two-dimensional finite element analogs. The construction includes two reduction operations and one augmentation operation to address continuity differences in the BGG diagram, ultimately resulting in a comprehensive and effective framework for constructing finite element complexes, which have various applications in PDE solving.
Metabolic flexibility and reverse remodelling of the failing human heart
Authors: Green Peregrine G , Watson William D , Bussmann Benjamin M , De Maria Giovanni Luigi , Neubauer Stefan , Lewis Andrew J M , Rider Oliver J , Herring Neil 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) produces long-term reverse remodelling which requires greater adenosine triphosphate delivery to the contractile machinery. Whilst the heart retains some metabolic flexibility in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, whether this correlates with reverse remodelling is unknown. This study investigated whether CRT acutely changes cardiac substrate uptake, and whether this translates to favourable reverse remodelling.

Methods
The effect of CRT on cardiac substrate uptake was assessed via direct coronary flow and arteriovenous measurements, with metabolomic/lipidomic analysis on infusions of insulin/glucose and intralipid. Cardiac function was assessed with left ventricular pressure–volume loops during implantation, and cardiac magnetic resonance before and 6 months following CRT, with and without biventricular pacing.

Results
Regardless of substrate infusion, CRT acutely improved stroke work without increasing O2 uptake on both insulin/glucose (by 34%, P = .05) and intralipid (by 36%, P = .03). This was followed by increased fatty acid (FA) uptake on insulin/glucose (R = 0.89, P = .03) and increased β-hydroxybutyrate uptake (R = 0.81, P = .05) during intralipid infusion. After 6 months, there was a 48% (P &lt; .001) reduction in left ventricular end diastolic volume, beyond that achievable by acutely shortening or lengthening QRS duration. Reverse remodelling significantly correlated with increased FA uptake with CRT on insulin/glucose (R = 0.71, P = .05) driven by long and medium chain uptake, and increased ketone uptake with CRT on intralipid (R = 0.79, P = .05).

Conclusions
CRT acutely alters the metabolic phenotype of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy towards a more physiological picture of FA uptake which correlates with reverse remodelling. Retained metabolic flexibility may therefore be critical for subsequent reverse remodelling.
New-to-the-Field Analysis for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Focused Administrative Supplements
Authors: Espinoza Melissa , Etcheberrigaray René , Tonsing-Carter Alyssa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The “Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) Focused Administrative Supplements for National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants that are not Focused on Alzheimer's Disease (AD Supplements to Non-AD awards)” program provides funded investigators from scientific areas other than AD/ADRD with administrative supplements to parent NIH grant awards to expand their current work into AD/ADRD.

Research Design and Methods
This analysis reviewed awardees of the supplement from fiscal years (FY) 2018 to 2022 using data obtained from NIH’s internal grants administration data. The goal was to identify awardees who were new to the field (NTF) of AD/ADRD and assess outcome measures of success (subsequent applications, awards, and publications).

Results
1,555 AD Supplements to Non-AD awards were awarded (16% awarded to National Institute on Aging [NIA] grants; 84% to all other NIH Institutes and Centers [ICs]). 72% of all awards went to awardees considered NTF. At the time of this analysis, administrative supplements to NTFs were awarded, on average, 3.42 years ago, so some projects have had little time to have substantial outcomes. The total awardee subsequent funding rate for all ICs was 60% (62% for NIA-only). Regarding subsequent publications across all IC NTFs, 2.8% of NIH grants led by an NTF investigator had associated publications on an AD/ADRD-relevant topic after the supplement. For NIA-only administrative supplements, 5.4% of parent grants led by NTFs had associated subsequent AD/ADRD publications.

Discussion and Implications
The findings suggest that AD Supplements to non-AD awards have stimulated scientific interest among investigators who were new to AD/ADRD research at the time of application and may facilitate interdisciplinary research by bringing investigators into new and/or growing areas of research.
Growth of Fusarium solani and Cladosporium halotolerans on agar: modeling and inhibition by a non-thermal plasma
Authors: Jirešová Jana , Lokajová Eliška , Zdeňková Kamila , Tichá Petra , Domonkos Mária , Klenivskyi Myron , Scholtz Vladimír 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
The primary objective of the study was to assess the applicability of a growth model initially developed for Aspergillus brasiliensis on solid surfaces to other micromycetes, specifically Fusarium and Cladosporium. Additionally, the research identifies conditions for complete growth inhibition of these micromycetes using two distinct sources of a non-thermal plasma (NTP).

Methods and results
The growth model incorporates two critical parameters: growth rate and growth delay, which effectively describe the growth dynamics and the impact of NTP treatments. For complete inactivation of Fusarium solani and Cladosporium halotolerans, a single 10-minute exposure of a 0-, 24-, 48-, or 72-hour-old culture to a diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) was sufficient. A point-to-ring (PtR) corona discharge completely suppressed the growth of freshly inoculated cultures and 24-hour-old cultures. However, when 48-hour and 72-hour-old cultures were exposed to the point-to-ring NTP for 10 min, only partial inactivation was observed.

Conclusions
The article verifies a model for simulating the surface growth of micromycetes and evaluates the efficacy of two NTP sources in deactivating F. solani and C. halotolerans.
Blood to serum concentration ratios for ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate after five drinking episodes
Authors: Bantle Matthias , Thierauf-Emberger Annette , Schröck Alexandra , Weinmann Wolfgang , Bell Lorenz M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are mostly analyzed in urine; consequently, most kinetic studies are based on urine samples. In forensic cases, however, it may be necessary to determine these alcohol biomarkers in serum, whole blood, or capillary blood. While there are sufficient data on EtG and EtS in serum after alcohol consumption, the amount of data available on whole blood concentrations is small. Therefore, data on corresponding blood-to-serum ratios seem to gain importance. This study provides data on a drinking experiment with 5 drinking episodes, where serum and whole blood samples were taken simultaneously from 11 healthy participants over 10 days. The samples were analyzed for EtG, EtS, and ethanol. EtG and EtS analysis in whole blood and serum were performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; ethanol was determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector and an alcohol dehydrogenase-based method. EtG and EtS reached their maximum concentration 4–7 h after alcohol consumption. For EtG, a mean blood-to-serum ratio of 0.58 with a range from 0.38 to 0.73 was found; for EtS, the mean ratio was 0.81 with a range from 0.61 to 0.92, indicating a predominant distribution in the serum. For both analytes, high correlation coefficients were obtained when plotting concentrations in serum against concentrations in whole blood. Concerning elimination profiles of the individuals, no time or concentration dependence of EtG or EtS blood-to-serum ratios could be deduced. Neither for EtG nor for EtS was a regularity of curve progressions observed in our test specimens.
Novel in vivo observations of luliconazole 5% nail solution for onychomycosis: an ultrastructural study
Authors: Ehara Yuko , Yamada Nanako , Horie Takashi , Furuichi Ryota , Yoshida Yuichi , Yamamoto Osamu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lesional nails of 10 patients with onychomycosis (tinea unguium) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to gain an insight into in vivo morphological changes of dermatophytes after application of a clinical dosage of topical luliconazole (LLCZ) 5% nail solution. In these cases, Trichophyton rubrum was identified in 3 cases and Trichophyton interdigitale was identified in 4 cases (3 unidentified cases; we were unable to identify either the genus or species). Specimens from tinea unguium before and after topical LLCZ application (maximum of 14 days) were observed by TEM. Two types of morphological changes of hyphae were revealed. Intracytoplasmic degeneration without antecedent obvious changes in the cell wall (type 1 degeneration) and degeneration of the fungal cell wall preceding intracytoplasmic changes (type 2 degeneration) were observed. We also examined in vivo morphological changes of dermatophytes in tinea pedis treated with ketoconazole (KCZ) to compare the morphological changes in the cell wall, plasma membrane and cytoplasm to those after application of LLCZ. Intracytoplasmic degeneration (type 1 degeneration) was observed in tinea pedis scales treated with topical KCZ. We confirmed that topical LLCZ 5% nail solution had acting points on the plasma membrane, cell wall and cytoplasm of dermatophyte hyphae and that various degrees of morphological changes in lesional nails of tinea unguium occurred during treatment with topical LLCZ 5% nail solution.
Scaling relations for the uncertainty in neutron star radius inferred from pulse profile modelling: the effect of spin rate
Authors: Bootsma Erik , Vinciguerra Serena , Watts Anna L , Kini Yves , Salmi Tuomo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Pulse profile modelling using X-ray data from NICER (the Neutron Star Composition ExploreR) permits the inference of mass and radius for rotation-powered millisecond pulsars. This in turn constrains the equation of state of cold dense matter. Previous studies indicate that the uncertainty in the inferred radius should reduce as neutron star spin rate increases. Here we test this using one of the pipelines currently being used for pulse profile modelling with NICER data. We synthesize a set of pulse profiles, assuming different neutron star spin frequencies, spanning the range (25–700) Hz. All of the simulated data sets are generated with the same (single) hotspot configuration, assuming a neutron star mass and radius of $1.6\, M_{\mathrm{\odot }}$ and $10$ km. For this restricted set of synthetic data, we find no improvement in the radius credible interval once spin frequency exceeds a certain value (in this specific case ${\sim}200$ Hz). If this result were to apply more generally, it would have important implications for the observing strategy for current and future pulse profile modelling missions: targets can be prioritized based on properties other than their spin frequencies, as long as we are in the millisecond range.
Reduced atomic models for large-scale computations: Fe xiii near-infrared lines
Authors: Del Zanna Giulio , Hebbur Dayananda Supriya 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Accurate atomic models for astrophysical plasma can be very complex, requiring thousands of states. However, for a variety of applications such as large-scale forward models of the Stokes parameters of a spectral line in the solar corona, it is necessary to build much reduced atomic models. We present two examples of such models, focused on the two near-infrared Fe xiii lines observed on the ground at 10 750 and 10 801 Å. These lines are primary diagnostics for a range of missions (especially the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, DKIST) to measure electron densities and magnetic fields in the solar corona. We calculate the Stokes parameters for a range of coronal conditions using CHIANTI (for intensities) and P-CORONA (for intensities and polarization), and use P-CORONA and a realistic global magnetohydrodynamic simulation to show that the reduced models provide accurate results, typically to within 5 per cent those obtained with larger models. Reduced models provide a significant decrease (over three orders of magnitude) in the computational time in spectropolarimetric calculations. The methods we describe are general and can be applied to a range of conditions and other ions.
Luminosity predictions for the first three ionisation stages of W, Pt and Au to probe potential sources of emission in kilonova
Authors: McCann M , Mulholland L P , Xiong Z , Ramsbottom C A , Ballance C P , Just O , Bauswein A , Martínez-Pinedo G , McNeill F , Sim S A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A large number of R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation for heavy elements (Z &gt; 70) have been performed in recent years for applications in fusion and astrophysics research. With the expanding interest in heavy ions due to kilonova (KN) events such as AT2017gfo and AT2023vfi, this new data can be utilised for the diagnosis and study of observed KN spectra. In this work recently computed electron-impact excitation effective collision strengths are used, for the first three ionisation stages of tungsten (W, Z = 74), platinum (Pt, Z = 78) and gold (Au, Z = 79), to construct basic collisional radiative models tailored for the late stage nebular phases of KN. Line luminosities are calculated at a range of electron temperatures and densities and the strengths of these lines for a representative ion mass are compared. For the case of W iii, these optically thin intensities are additionally used to constrain the mass of this ion in both AT2017gfo and AT2023vfi. Comparing with theoretical predictions of nucleosynthesis yields from neutron-star merger simulations, broad agreement with the inferred ion masses of W is found. Furthermore, we highlight the value of W measurements by showing that the abundance of other groups of elements and outflow properties are constrained by exploiting theoretically motivated correlations between the abundance of W and that of lanthanides or third r-process peak elements. Based on simple estimates, we also show that constraints on the distribution of tungsten in the ejecta may be accessible through the line shape, which may also yield information on the neutron-star merger remnant evolution.
Evaluating Hospital Admission Data as Indicators of COVID-19 Severity: A National Assessment in Qatar
Authors: Sukik Layan , Chemaitelly Hiam , Ayoub Houssein H , Coyle Peter , Tang Patrick , Hasan Mohammad R , Yassine Hadi M , Al Thani Asmaa A , Al-Kanaani Zaina , Al-Kuwari Einas , Jeremijenko Andrew , Kaleeckal Anvar Hassan , Latif Ali Nizar , Shaik Riyazuddin Mohammad , Abdul-Rahim Hanan F , Nasrallah Gheyath K , Al-Kuwari Mohamed Ghaith , Butt Adeel A , Al-Romaihi Hamad Eid , Al-Thani Mohamed H , Al-Khal Abdullatif , Bertollini Roberto , Abu-Raddad Laith J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Accurately assessing SARS-CoV-2 infection severity is essential for understanding the health impact of the infection and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. This study investigated whether SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalizations can reliably measure true COVID-19 severity.

Methods
The diagnostic accuracy of SARS-CoV-2-associated acute-care and ICU hospitalizations as indicators of infection severity was assessed in Qatar from September 6, 2021, to May 13, 2024. World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for severe, critical, and fatal COVID-19 served as the reference standard. Two indicators were assessed: (1) any SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization in acute-care or ICU beds, and (2) ICU-only hospitalizations.

Results
A total of 644,176 SARS-CoV-2 infections were analyzed. The percent agreement between any SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization (acute-care or ICU) and WHO criteria was 98.7% (95% CI: 98.6-98.7); however, Cohen's kappa was only 0.17 (95% CI: 0.16-0.18), indicating poor agreement. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100% (95% CI: 99.6-100), 98.7% (95% CI: 98.6-98.7), 9.7% (95% CI: 9.1-10.3), and 100% (95% CI: 100-100), respectively. For SARS-CoV-2-associated ICU-only hospitalizations, the percent agreement was 99.8% (95% CI: 99.8-99.9), with a kappa of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.44-0.50), indicating fair-to-good agreement. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 46.6% (95% CI: 43.4-49.9), 99.9% (95% CI: 99.9-99.9), 47.9% (95% CI: 44.6-51.2), and 99.9% (95% CI: 99.9-99.9), respectively.

Conclusions
Generic hospital admissions are unreliable indicators of COVID-19 severity, while ICU admissions are somewhat more accurate. The findings demonstrate the importance of applying specific, robust criteria—such as WHO criteria—to reduce bias in epidemiological and vaccine effectiveness studies.