bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in fibroblast growth factor 23-related hypophosphatemic disorders
Authors: Takashi Yuichi , Kawanami Daiji , Fukumoto Seiji 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone to reduce blood phosphate concentration. Excessive actions of FGF23 induce FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders, such as X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). We will summarize recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders.

Recent findings
The measurement of blood FGF23 is useful to make a diagnosis of FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders. It was reported that many patients with FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders, especially TIO, were misdiagnosed, therefore, it is necessary to enhance the awareness of these diseases. A novel method to inhibit excessive actions of FGF23 by a human monoclonal antibody for FGF23, burosumab, has been approved in several countries. In more long-term observation than clinical trials, burosumab has also been shown to improve biochemical abnormalities and symptoms of rickets/osteomalacia. Following these advances, several registries and consensus recommendations on FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders, especially XLH, have been established in each country or region.

Summary
Further long-term effects of burosumab and the precise mechanism of FGF23 overproduction in patients with FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders need to be clarified in the future studies.
Comparison of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT with 18F-FDG PET/CT for diagnosis and staging of gastric and colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhao Xinming , Liu Yunuan , Zhang Zhaoqi , Chen Xiaoshan , Jing Fenglian , Chen Xiaolin , Hua Yu , Zhao Jianqiang 
Published: April 2024

Objective
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic gastric cancer and colorectal cancer lesions as compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Materials and methods
Fifty-nine patients who underwent both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI-04 for initial staging or restaging were enrolled. Histopathological findings and clinical imaging follow-up were used as the reference standard. The diagnostic performance and TNM staging of the two tracers were calculated and compared. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumour-to-mediastinal blood pool ratio (TBR) (lesions SUVmax/ascending aorta SUVmean), and tumour-to-normal liver parenchyma ratio (TLR) (lesions SUVmax/liver SUVmean) of primary and metastatic lesions between two imaging modalities were measured and compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired t-test.

Results
The two imaging agents are comparable for the detection of primary tumors. The sensitivity of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was higher than that of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting lymph node metastases, peritoneal metastases, liver metastases, and bone metastases. In the patient-based analysis, the TLR for all lesions was significantly higher with 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT than with 18F-FDG PET/CT (all P < 0.05). The accuracy (92.2 vs. 70.3%, P = 0.002) and sensitivity of 68Ga-FAPI-04 were significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG (78.6 vs. 71.4%, P = 0.011) in determining the lymph node status. 68Ga-FAPI-04 has a higher accuracy in staging (P = 0.041), which is mainly due to the ability of distant metastases detection.

Conclusion

68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may be superior in evaluating the diagnostic efficiency and staging accuracy of gastric and colorectal cancer.
Overweight and Obesity in 10-Year-Old Children in Danang City, Vietnam
Authors: Vu Thi Quynh Chi , Tran Thi Van Anh , Tran Quang Duc , Le Viet Nho 
Published: April 2024

Aims
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight and obesity among 10-year-old schoolchildren in Hoavang, Danang City.

Methods
From January to May 2023, a cross-sectional study was carried out utilizing a structured self-administered questionnaire to collect data. The height and weight measurements of 518 children were recorded. Body mass index for age Z scores (BAZs) were employed to classify children’s nutritional status following the World Health Organization criteria. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results
The study encompassed a cohort of 518 students, 110 (21.2%) classified as overweight and 64 (12.4%) as obese. Significantly, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) demonstrated that male subjects exhibited a 3-fold higher risk of overweight and obesity than female subjects (aOR = 2.9, P < .0001). Skipping breakfast and confectionery/sweet food consumption were defined, demonstrating significant associations with elevated odds of being overweight and obese.

Conclusion
The findings revealed that approximately one-third of primary schoolchildren in Hoavang, Danang City, were affected by overweight and obesity. This alarming prevalence underscores the urgent need for interventions.
Performance of an Electronic Medical Record–Based “Syphilis Flag” in Identifying At-Risk Patients in an Emergency Department
Authors: Hayslip Margaret , Heath Sonya , Booth James , Lee Anthony , Walter Lauren A. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe United States has seen a > 40% increase in syphilis cases since 2017. Early disease identification and treatment are crucial. This review sought to identify emergency department (ED) patients at risk for syphilis.MethodsA 30-day retrospective review was conducted of visits to a single ED. Patient visits were assessed for predetermined syphilis “flags” to include a history of sexually transmitted infection (STI), current chief complaint or reason for visit (RFV) keyword(s) suggestive of potential STI or a positive pregnancy test result. Flagged charts were assessed for STI testing results within 6 months of ED visit. Data were analyzed usingχ2.ResultsThere were 5537 total patient encounters, resulting in 455 flagged visits from 408 (8.4%) unique individuals, majority of whom were female (282, 69.1%;P< 0.001), Black (251, 61.5%;P< 0.001), aged 15 to 44 years (308, 75.5%;P< 0.001). Chief complaint was the most frequent flag (65.3%), followed by RFV (37.4%), prior STI (31.0%), and pregnancy (12.3%). Syphilis testing data were available for 120 flagged patients; 29 (24.2%) screened positive, including 11 (2.7% of total flagged cohort) with evidence for active infection. Among those, most were Black (90.9%), male (72.7%), aged 25 to 34 years (63.6%), and 9 (81.8%) had concomitant HIV. In active infection, prior STI flag was most common (72.7%), followed by chief complaint (54.5%) and RFV (45.5%).ConclusionsThis review demonstrates the performance of an electronic medical record–based “syphilis risk flag” screener applied to ED patients. Sex- and race-based discrepancies exist in flag rates, which may be reflective of sex- and race-based epidemiologic discrepancies in STI incidence.
Reconstruction of Multiple Lip and Facial Defects With Bipaddle and Sensate Radial Forearm Free Flap
Authors: Evin Nuh , Selimoglu Muhammed Nebil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Free flaps and their modifications are used to reconstruct multiple large defects in the lip and face. In this study, we present our results on the reconstruction of these defects using bipaddle and sensate free radial forearm-palmaris longus flaps and subsequent revision surgeries. Patient medical records of 11 patients with a mean age of 63.9 ± 12.8 years were retrospectively reviewed. Functional oral competence, lip cosmetics, lip sensation, and donor forearm scars were evaluated using the drooling rating scale, visual analog scale, Semmes Weinstein Monofilament test, and patient and observer scar assessment scale, respectively. The mean dimensions of distal and proximal skin paddles of bipaddle free radial forearm-palmaris longus flaps were 12.7 ± 9.9 and 20.5 ± 3.8 cm2. Mean lengths of the bridge and proximal pedicles were 4.7 ± 1.6 and 5.5 ± 0.7 cm. All the flaps survived. No drooling was observed in the 2 patients without lower lip defects. The mean drooling scores of the 9 patients with lower lip defects were statistically different (Analysis of Variance, pANOVA < 0.00001) at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. The differences between 3 and 12 months were the most significant (pANOVA < 0.00001, pTUKEY < 0.000001). The lip sensation and drooling scores showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.8504). All patients were able to speak fluently, drink fluid without leakage, and blow a balloon easily. All patients and observers were satisfied with the lip cosmetics, with no significant difference between satisfaction scores (P = 0.087615).
There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.00001) between mean sensation scores of surrounding healthy lip (2.94 ± 0.27) and free flaps (4.15 ± 0.4). All the donor scars healed uneventfully.
A Scoping Review of Innervated Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Raman Shreya , Daniele Edward , Daniele Karla Annette , Choudhary Akriti , Purnell Chad A. , Ranzer Matthew 
Published: April 2024

Background
After breast surgery, patients experience significant alterations to breast sensation, which can diminish quality of life. Nerve coaptation technique, introduced in the 1990s, has gained traction in recent years. We performed a scoping review of the literature to determine the available outcomes in sensate breast reconstruction.

Methods
The review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews statement guidelines. EMBASE and PubMed databases were queried using standardized terminology. Studies were included if they reported original sensory outcomes following innervation techniques during breast reconstruction and were published from January 1, 1990, to April 18, 2022. Data extraction and analyses were performed on Microsoft Excel.

Results
From 602 screened articles, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Innervated autologous reconstructive procedures were described in 24, whereas the remaining 3 (all published after 2019) described direct reinnervation of the nipple-areola complex. Most (88.9%) of the studies comparing innervated versus noninnervated reconstruction reported improved sensory outcomes in at least 1 modality. Two studies investigated patient-reported outcomes using validated questionnaires, both of which reported improvement with innervated reconstruction.

Conclusions
Sensate breast reconstruction has the potential to improve outcomes for patients. There is a recent progressive increase in studies involving direct nipple-areolar reinnervation. Larger, prospective studies are needed to better characterize the quality-of-life outcome using validated scales, as well as evaluate sensory and patient-reported outcomes with implant and autologous reconstruction.
Whole blood versus balanced resuscitation in massive hemorrhage: Six of one or half dozen of the other?
Authors: Barton Cassie A. , Oetken Heath J. , Hall Nicolas L. , Kolesnikov Michael , Levins Elizabeth S. , Sutton Thomas , Schreiber Martin 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Whole blood (WB) resuscitation is increasingly used at trauma centers. Prior studies investigating outcomes in WB versus component-only (CO) resuscitation have been limited by small cohorts, low volumes of WB resuscitation, and unbalanced CO resuscitation. This study aimed to address these limitations using data from a high-volume Level I trauma center, which adopted a WB-first resuscitation paradigm in 2018. We hypothesized that the resuscitation method, WB or balanced CO, would have no impact on patient mortality.

METHODS
A single-center, retrospective cohort study of adults presenting as a trauma activation from July 2016 through July 2021 was performed. Receipt of three or more units of WB or packed red blood cells (RBC) within the first hour of resuscitation was required for inclusion. Patients were grouped into WB versus CO resuscitation and important clinical outcomes were compared. Mortality was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank testing, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling.

RESULTS
There were 180 patients in the WB group and 170 patients in the CO group. Of the 180 WB patients, 110 (61%) received only WB during the first 24 hours. The WB group received a median of 5.0 units (interquartile range, 4.0–8.0) of WB and CO group received a median of 6.0 units (interquartile range, 4.0–11.8) of RBCs during the first 24 hours of resuscitation. In the CO group, median RBC/plasma and RBC/platelet ratios approximated 1:1:1. Groups were similar in clinicopathologic characteristics including age, Injury Severity Score, mechanism of injury, and requirement for hemorrhage control interventions (WB 55% vs. CO 59%, p = 0.60). Unadjusted survival was equivalent at 24 hours (p = 0.52) and 30 days (p = 0.70) between both groups on Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank testing. On multivariable Cox regression, WB resuscitation was not independently associated with improved survival after accounting for age, Injury Severity Score, mechanism of injury, and receipt of hemorrhage control procedure (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.61–1.19, p = 0.34).

CONCLUSION
Balanced CO resuscitation is associated with similar mortality outcomes to that of WB based resuscitation.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
A machine-learning Approach for Stress Detection Using Wearable Sensors in Free-living Environments
Authors: Al-Alim Mohamed Abd , Mubarak Roaa , Salem Nancy M. , Sadek Ibrahim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStress is a psychological condition due to the body’s response to a challenging situation. If a person is exposed to prolonged periods and various forms of stress, their physical and mental health can be negatively affected, leading to chronic health problems. It is important to detect stress in its initial stages to prevent psychological and physical stress-related issues. Thus, there must be alternative and effective solutions for spontaneous stress monitoring. Wearable sensors are one of the most prominent solutions, given their capacity to collect data continuously in real-time. Wearable sensors, among others, have been widely used to bridge existing gaps in stress monitoring thanks to their non-intrusive nature. Besides, they can continuously monitor vital signs, e.g., heart rate and activity. Yet, most existing works have focused on data acquired in controlled settings. To this end, our study aims to propose a machine learning-based approach for detecting the onsets of stress in a free-living environment using wearable sensors. The authors utilized the SWEET dataset collected from 240 subjects via electrocardiography (ECG), skin temperature (ST), and skin conductance (SC). In this work, four machine learning models were tested on this data set consisting of 240 subjects, namely K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support vector classification (SVC), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF). These models were trained and tested on four data scenarios. The K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model had the highest accuracy of 98%, while the other models also performed satisfactorily.
The Association between Afghan Women’s Autonomy and Experience of Domestic Violence, Moderated by Education Status
Authors: Ibrahimi Sahra , Thoma Marie E. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines the association between Afghan women’s autonomy (WA) and experience of domestic violence (physical, sexual, and emotional) in the previous 12 months, and whether this association is moderated by education status. We used data from 19,098 married women aged 15-49, who completed the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey- the first and only national survey administered in the country. WA was measured across 5 domains (healthcare, visiting family, household purchases, spending, and contraceptive use). Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between domestic violence in the past 12 months (any vs. none) and WA were estimated using multiple logistic regression and adjusted for covariates. Interaction terms between education status and WA were also assessed. We found that the experience of physical, emotional, and sexual violence was 45% 30%, and 7%, and at least 1 in 2 had no autonomy. After adjustment, compared to women without autonomy, WA in healthcare decisions, spending, visiting families, and household purchases significantly decreased the odds of physical violence. Similarly, WA in healthcare decisions and spending significantly decreased the odds of sexual violence. Lastly, WA in spending and not using contraception was associated with reduced odds of emotional violence. We also found a greater protective effect of WA in visiting family among women with any education across each domestic violence outcome. These findings provide insights into areas for intervention to address gender inequalities (Sustainable Development Goal 3) and mitigate adverse health outcomes for mothers and their children (Goal 5).
Providing HIV Treatment during community-wide flooding: experiences of clients and Health Care Workers in Malawi
Authors: Mphande M , Paneno R. , Robson I , Phiri K , Cornell M , van Oosterhout JJ. , Njala J , Phiri S , Dovel K 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Malawi, community wide flooding, especially in high HIV burdened districts, continues to affect continuity of care and access to facilities. We explored the lived experiences of clients and healthcare workers (HCWs) to gain understanding of challenges and to propose interventions for improved ART care delivery.MethodsParticipants came six health facilities and surrounding communities impacted by flooding between Dec 2021-Apr 2022 in Chikwawa, Nsanje and Mulanje districts in Malawi. Facilities are supported by Partners in Hope, a local NGO and PEPFAR/USAID partner.We conducted In-depth interviews with (IDIs) ART clients identified through medical chart reviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with HCWs. IDIs and FGDs were coded using inductive and deductive methods in Atlas.ti.ResultsWe conducted IDIs with 23 respondents, of which, ten were women, ten experienced treatment interruption (>28 days without medication) and 17 relocated from their homes. The Six FGDs involved 37 HCWs. (21 ART providers; 16 lay cadre).In IDIs, most clients who relocated and lost livestock, possessions and ART medications. They travelling for income generation. Barriers to care included dangerous travel conditions, competing needs for time and fear of ill treatment at facilities. Some outreach clinics did not provide ART. Respondents were motivated to remain on care and motivators included fear of developing illnesses and HIV-status acceptance.All providers said that lack of standardized guidelines affected preparedness and response and they advocated for guidelines, stakeholder coordination and adequate resources. Most also reported personal physical exhaustion, damage to their own houses and property, and drug stock-outs. Documentation due to loss of registers was also mostly mentioned.DiscussionClients motivated to remain in care but face barriers and challenges. National flooding protocols, adequate resource planning and seasonal 6-month ART dispensing may improve ART outcomes.
Hyaluronidase inhibitor delphinidin inhibits cancer metastasis
Authors: McGuire Jeremy , Taguchi Taketo , Tombline Gregory , Paige Victoria , Janelsins Michelle , Gilmore Nikesha , Seluanov Andrei , Gorbunova Vera 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCancer remains a formidable global health challenge, with metastasis being a key contributor to its lethality. Abundant high molecular mass hyaluronic acid, a major non-protein component of extracellular matrix, protects naked mole rats from cancer and reduces cancer incidence in mice. Hyaluronidase plays a critical role in degrading hyaluronic acid and is frequently overexpressed in metastatic cancer. Here we investigated the potential of targeting hyaluronidases to reduce metastasis. High throughput screen identified delphinidin, a natural plant compound found in fruits and vegetables, as a potent hyaluronidase inhibitor. Delphinidin-mediated inhibition of hyaluronidase activity led to an increase in high molecular weight hyaluronic acid in cell culture and in mouse tissues, and reduced migration and invasion behavior of breast, prostate, and melanoma cancer cells. Moreover, delphinidin treatment suppressed melanoma metastasis in mice. Our study provides a proof of principle that inhibition of hyaluronidase activity suppresses cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, we identify a natural compound delphinidin as a potential anticancer therapeutic. Thus, we have identified a path for clinical translation of the cancer resistance mechanism identified in the naked mole rat.
Minimized Sample Consumption for Time-Resolved Serial Crystallography Applied to the Redox Cycle of Human NQO1
Authors: Doppler Diandra , Grieco Alice , Koh Domin , Manna Abhik , Ansari Adil , Alvarez Roberto , Karpos Konstantinos , Le Hung , Sonker Mukul , Ketawala Gihan K. , Mahmud Samira , Moraleda Isabel Quereda , Pey Angel L. , Letrun Romain , Dörner Katerina , Koliyadu Jayanath C. P. , de Wijn Raphael , Bielecki Johan , Han Huijong , Kim Chan , Koua Faisal H. M. , Round Adam , Sarma Abhisakh , Sato Tokushi , Schmidt Christina , Vakili Mohammad , Zabelskii Dmitrii , Bean Richard , Mancuso Adrian P. , Schulz Joachim , Fromme Raimund , Medina Milagros , Grant Thomas D. , Fromme Petra , Kirian Richard A. , Botha Sabine , Martin-Garcia Jose Manuel , Ros Alexandra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSample consumption for serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) with X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) remains a major limitation preventing broader use of this powerful technology in macromolecular crystallography. This drawback is exacerbated in the case of time-resolved (TR)-SFX experiments, where the amount of sample required per reaction time point is multiplied by the number of time points investigated. Thus, in order to reduce the limitation of sample consumption, here we demonstrate the implementation of segmented droplet generation in conjunction with a mix-and-inject approach for TR studies on NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). We present the design and application of mix-and-inject segmented droplet injectors for the Single Particles, Clusters, and Biomolecules & Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument at the European XFEL (EuXFEL) with a synchronized droplet injection approach that allows liquid phase protein crystal injection. We carried out TR-crystallography experiments with this approach for a 305 ms and a 1190 ms time point in the reaction of NQO1 with its coenzyme NADH. With this successful TR-SFX approach, up to 97% of the sample has been conserved compared to continuous crystal suspension injection with a gas dynamic virtual nozzle. Furthermore, the obtained structural information for the reaction of NQO1 with NADH is an important part of the future elucidation of the reaction mechanism of this crucial therapeutic enzyme.