bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of autoimmune pancreatitis with pancreatic carcinoma remains a challenge to physicians
Authors: GONG Pei Li , LIU Tao Tao , SHEN Xi Zhong 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to summarize the clinical features of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and review the advances in the differential diagnosis with pancreatic carcinoma, thus help to make a correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessary surgery in clinical practice.METHODS:  Five patients diagnosed as AIP in accordance with the HISORt criteria in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from 2008 to 2010 were enrolled in the study. Clinical features were analyzed and related literature was reviewed.RESULTS:  Progressive jaundice and abdominal pain were the most frequent symptoms, as well as weight loss, together with serological changes such as elevation of alkaline phosphatase, γ‐glutamyl‐transpeptidase and serum bilirubin. Two of them showed high serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels. Both focal and diffuse changes were found on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Two of our patients underwent operation because of a high suspicion of malignant tumor, and steroid therapy was administered to the other three patients diagnosed as AIP. No relapse was observed during the follow‐up duration of all the patients.CONCLUSIONS:  Although some recent advances have been made to help the diagnosis of AIP, the differentiation between AIP and pancreatic carcinoma is still a challenge. Clinicians must remember to exclude AIP before making a diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.
Subfamily composition of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from western Amazonia: Insights into diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps
Authors: VEIJALAINEN ANU , SÄÄKSJÄRVI ILARI E. , ERWIN TERRY L. , GÓMEZ ISRRAEL C. , LONGINO JOHN T. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract.  1. Previous studies have found the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) to have an exceptional latitudinal species richness gradient that peaks at mid‐latitudes instead of the tropics; however, insufficient tropical sampling and species description may have biased the conclusions. It has been unclear which subfamilies might be species rich in tropical lowland rain forests.2. This study reports the subfamily abundance composition of a large ichneumonid data set (>30 000 individuals in 20 subfamilies) collected by Malaise traps and insecticidal canopy fogging in Amazonian Ecuador and Peru and suggests which subfamilies would be important for future study.3. Relative abundance data from one Peruvian site are compared to similar lowland samples from Costa Rica and Georgia (USA).4. Contrary to a common assumption, a number of ichneumonid subfamilies are very abundant and presumably species rich in western Amazonia. Cryptinae and Orthocentrinae are noticeably the two most abundant subfamilies, and a number of koinobiont lepidopteran parasitoids, which are generally thought to be scarce in the tropics, are also surprisingly abundant (e.g. Anomaloninae, Banchinae and Cremastinae). However, the subfamilies whose primary hosts are rare in the tropics (e.g. Ctenopelmatinae, Tryphoninae) can still be expected to be more diverse in the temperate than in tropical zone.5. Further research on the latitudinal species richness gradient within different ichneumonid subfamilies is encouraged to help understand what factors determine macroecological species richness patterns and what is the total number of ichneumonid species on earth.
Defining Causes for Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Women
Authors: FAN Yu‐Hua , LIN Alex T. L. , CHEN Kuang‐Kuo 
Published: February 2012

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the causes for overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in women visiting a urological clinic.Methods: We prospectively recruited female patients with OAB symptoms between December 2008 and February 2010. All patients were interviewed for their detailed personal and medical history. All patients completed a 3‐day frequency‐volume chart. Symptom severity was evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) questionnaires. All patients underwent either conventional pressure‐flow urodynamic studies or video‐urodynamic studies. On the basis of these evaluations, patients were assigned to one of the following categories: idiopathic OAB, stress urinary incontinence (SUI)‐associated, neurogenic bladder, or bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).Results: A total of 108 female patients were recruited into the study. The mean age of the patients was 63.75 ± 14.02 years (range: 23–89). Detrusor overactivity was demonstrated in 55 patients (51%). The differential diagnosis was idiopathic OAB in 51 women (47.2%), SUI‐associated in 46 (42.6%), neurogenic bladder in 13 (12.0%) and BOO in 7 (6.5%).Conclusion: Our study suggests that the causes for OAB symptoms could be defined in half of the women visiting a urological clinic. Among them, SUI was the most common. Moreover, OAB symptoms in women might relate to BOO. Detailed history taking and sophisticated urodynamic studies are required for a substantial group of female patients with OAB symptoms to make the correct diagnosis and provide optimal therapy.
ADAMTS13 activity may predict the cumulative survival of patients with liver cirrhosis in comparison with the Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh score and the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score
Authors: Takaya Hiroaki , Uemura Masahito , Fujimura Yoshihiro , Matsumoto Masanori , Matsuyama Tomomi , Kato Seiji , Morioka Chie , Ishizashi Hiromichi , Hori Yuji , Fujimoto Masao , Tsujimoto Tatsuhiro , Kawaratani Hideto , Toyohara Masahisa , Kurumatani Norio , Fukui Hiroshi 
Published: February 2012

Aim:  Decreased plasma ADAMTS13 activity (ADAMTS13:AC) results in accumulation of unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers and platelet thrombi formation. Our aim was to evaluate whether ADAMTS13:AC is a prognostic marker in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods:  Plasma ADAMTS13:AC and its related parameters were examined in 108 cirrhotic patients.Results:  ADAMTS13:AC decreased as the severity of liver disease increased (means: controls 100%, Child A‐cirrhotics 79%, Child B‐cirrhotics 63%, and Child C‐cirrhotics 31%). ADAMTS13:AC markedly decreased in the cirrhotics with hepatorenal syndrome, refractory ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. The cumulative survival time was the shortest (median: 4.5 months) in the cirrhotics with severe to moderate ADAMTS13:AC deficiency (<3–25%), followed by those with mild ADAMTS13:AC deficiency (25–50%), and was the longest in those with normal activity (>50%). In contrast, based on the Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh (CTP) score, Child C‐cirrhotics had the worst survival, but the survival probabilities did not differ between Child A and B cirrhotics. Based on the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, the survival was the worst for the cirrhotics in the fourth quartile, but it was not different among cirrhotics in the first three quartiles. Cox proportional‐hazards regression analysis showed that ADAMTS13:AC and serum albumin were independent factors affecting the survival.Conclusions:  ADAMTS13:AC concomitantly decreases as the functional liver capacity decreases. This activity may be a useful prognostic marker that is equal or superior to the CTP score and the MELD score to predict not only the short‐term prognosis but also the long‐term survival of the cirrhotic patients.
Making Personalized Cancer Medicine a Reality: Challenges and Opportunities in the Development of Biomarkers and Companion Diagnostics
Authors: Parkinson David R. , Johnson Bruce E. , Sledge George W. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The origins of this article stem from discussions at the American Association for Cancer Research Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Think Tank meeting held in San Francisco in early 2010. This article synthesizes the opinions and issues considered at that meeting, and discusses many of the important events that have since occurred in the field of personalized cancer medicine. Although investigators continue to make progress in better linking individual patient biology with risk determination, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection, the pace of this progress continues to be limited by many of the issues identified in the meeting. Clin Cancer Res; 18(3); 619–24. ©2012 AACR.
Impact of Genomics on Personalized Cancer Medicine
Authors: Arteaga Carlos L. , Baselga José 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRecent advances in tumor genetics and drug development have led to the generation of a wealth of anticancer targeted therapies. A few recent examples indicate that these drugs are mainly, if not exclusively, active against tumors of a particular genotype that can be identified by a diagnostic test, usually by detecting a somatic alteration in the tumor DNA. However, for the majority of targeted therapies in development, there are still no clinical tools to determine which patients are most likely to benefit or, alternatively, be resistant de novo to these novel agents or drug combinations. Clin Cancer Res; 18(3); 612–8. ©2011 AACR.
Preclinical Pharmacology of AZD5363, an Inhibitor of AKT: Pharmacodynamics, Antitumor Activity, and Correlation of Monotherapy Activity with Genetic Background
Authors: Davies Barry R. , Greenwood Hannah , Dudley Phillippa , Crafter Claire , Yu De-Hua , Zhang Jingchuan , Li Jing , Gao Beirong , Ji Qunsheng , Maynard Juliana , Ricketts Sally-Ann , Cross Darren , Cosulich Sabina , Chresta Christine C. , Page Ken , Yates James , Lane Clare , Watson Rebecca , Luke Richard , Ogilvie Donald , Pass Martin 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
AKT is a key node in the most frequently deregulated signaling network in human cancer. AZD5363, a novel pyrrolopyrimidine-derived compound, inhibited all AKT isoforms with a potency of 10 nmol/L or less and inhibited phosphorylation of AKT substrates in cells with a potency of approximately 0.3 to 0.8 μmol/L. AZD5363 monotherapy inhibited the proliferation of 41 of 182 solid and hematologic tumor cell lines with a potency of 3 μmol/L or less. Cell lines derived from breast cancers showed the highest frequency of sensitivity. There was a significant relationship between the presence of PIK3CA and/or PTEN mutations and sensitivity to AZD5363 and between RAS mutations and resistance. Oral dosing of AZD5363 to nude mice caused dose- and time-dependent reduction of PRAS40, GSK3β, and S6 phosphorylation in BT474c xenografts (PRAS40 phosphorylation EC50 ∼ 0.1 μmol/L total plasma exposure), reversible increases in blood glucose concentrations, and dose-dependent decreases in 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake in U87-MG xenografts. Chronic oral dosing of AZD5363 caused dose-dependent growth inhibition of xenografts derived from various tumor types, including HER2+ breast cancer models that are resistant to trastuzumab. AZD5363 also significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of docetaxel, lapatinib, and trastuzumab in breast cancer xenografts. It is concluded that AZD5363 is a potent inhibitor of AKT with pharmacodynamic activity in vivo, has potential to treat a range of solid and hematologic tumors as monotherapy or a combinatorial agent, and has potential for personalized medicine based on the genetic status of PIK3CA, PTEN, and RAS. AZD5363 is currently in phase I clinical trials. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(4); 873–87. ©2012 AACR.
Predictors of Periprocedural (Type IVa) Myocardial Infarction, as Assessed by Frequency-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Porto Italo , Di Vito Luca , Burzotta Francesco , Niccoli Giampaolo , Trani Carlo , Leone Antonio M. , Biasucci Luigi M. , Vergallo Rocco , Limbruno Ugo , Crea Filippo 
Published: February 2012

Background—
Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) is easily able to define both pre- and post-stenting features of the atherosclerotic plaque that can potentially be related to periprocedural complications. We sought to examine which FD-OCT-defined characteristics, assessed both before and after stent deployment, predicted periprocedural (type IVa) myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and Results—

FD-OCT was performed before and after coronary stenting in 50 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for either non-ST segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) or stable angina. All patients underwent single-vessel stenting, and only drug-eluting stents were implanted. Troponin T was analyzed on admission, before PCI, and at 12 and 24 hours after PCI, and type IVa MI was defined in stable angina as a rise of at least 3× upper reference limit and in NSTEMI as a pre-PCI troponin T fall, followed by post-PCI troponin T rise >20%. Type IVa MI was diagnosed in 21 patients, while the remaining 29 represented the control group. FD-OCT analysis showed that thin-cap fibroatheroma (76.2% versus 41.4%;
P
=0.017) prior to PCI, intrastent thrombus (61.9% versus 20.7%;
P
=0.04), and intrastent dissection (61.9% versus 31%;
P
=0.03) after PCI were significantly more frequent in type IVa MI than in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed thin-cap fibroatheroma (OR 29.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 32.1), intrastent thrombus (OR 5.5, CI 1.2 to 24.9) and intrastent dissection (OR 5.3, CI 1.2 to 24.3) as independent predictors of type IVa MI.

Conclusions—
In conclusion, presence of thin-cap fibroatheroma at pre-PCI FD-OCT and of intrastent thrombus and intrastent dissection at post-PCI FD-OCT predict type IVa MI in a contemporary sample of patients treated with second-generation drug-eluting stents. Interestingly, 2 of the 3 predictors of type IVa MI were not apparent at pre-PCI FD-OCT.
The Pharmacology and Therapeutic Use of Dabigatran Etexilate
Authors: Sarah Spinler 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDabigatran etexilate is an oral prodrug of dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, that provides the first available oral anticoagulant alternative to warfarin for reducing the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Although warfarin is effective, many patients with AF remain undertreated, primarily because of the management challenges associated with warfarin therapy. Dabigatran etexilate offers several potential advantages over warfarin, including fixed dosing, no requirement for blood coagulation monitoring, and reduced propensity for drug‐drug interactions. In a large phase 3 trial in patients with nonvalvular AF, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved dose of dabigatran etexilate (150 mg twice daily [bid]) was superior to warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism; major bleeding rates were similar. The most notable side effects of dabigatran etexilate are dyspepsia and gastrointestinal bleeding. This review summarizes the clinical pharmacology and treatment considerations for dabigatran etexilate.
Mislocalization of the exitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs) in human astrocytoma and non-astrocytoma cancer cells: effect of the cell confluence
Authors: Varini Karine , Benzaria Amal , Taïeb Nadira , Di Scala Coralie , Azmi Amanda , Graoudi Soraya , Maresca Marc 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Astrocytomas are cancers of the brain in which high levels of extracellular glutamate plays a critical role in tumor growth and resistance to conventional treatments. This is due for part to a decrease in the activity of the glutamate transporters, i.e. the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters or EAATs, in relation to their nuclear mislocalization in astrocytoma cells. Although non-astrocytoma cancers express EAATs, the localization of EAATs and the handling of L-glutamate in that case have not been investigated.

Methods
We looked at the cellular localization and activity of EAATs in human astrocytoma and non-astrocytoma cancer cells by immunofluorescence, cell fractionation and L-glutamate transport studies.

Results
We demonstrated that the nuclear mislocalization of EAATs was not restricted to astrocytoma and happened in all sub-confluent non-astrocytoma cancer cells we tested. In addition, we found that cell-cell contact caused the relocalization of EAATs from the nuclei to the plasma membrane in all human cancer cells tested, except astrocytoma.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results demonstrated that the mislocalization of the EAATs and its associated altered handling of glutamate are not restricted to astrocytomas but were also found in human non-astrocytoma cancers. Importantly, we found that a cell contact-dependent signal caused the relocalization of EAATs at the plasma membrane at least in human non-astrocytoma cancer cells, resulting in the correction of the altered transport of glutamate in such cancer cells but not in astrocytoma.
Inter-rater agreement in the assessment of abnormal chest X-ray findings for tuberculosis between two Asian countries
Authors: Sakurada Shinsaku , Hang Nguyen TL , Ishizuka Naoki , Toyota Emiko , Hung Le D , Chuc Pham T , Lien Luu T , Thuong Pham H , Bich Pham TN , Keicho Naoto , Kobayashi Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Inter-rater agreement in the interpretation of chest X-ray (CXR) films is crucial for clinical and epidemiological studies of tuberculosis. We compared the readings of CXR films used for a survey of tuberculosis between raters from two Asian countries.

Methods
Of the 11,624 people enrolled in a prevalence survey in Hanoi, Viet Nam, in 2003, we studied 258 individuals whose CXR films did not exclude the possibility of active tuberculosis. Follow-up films obtained from accessible individuals in 2006 were also analyzed. Two Japanese and two Vietnamese raters read the CXR films based on a coding system proposed by Den Boon et al. and another system newly developed in this study. Inter-rater agreement was evaluated by kappa statistics. Marginal homogeneity was evaluated by the generalized estimating equation (GEE).

Results
CXR findings suspected of tuberculosis differed between the four raters. The frequencies of infiltrates and fibrosis/scarring detected on the films significantly differed between the raters from the two countries (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0082, respectively, by GEE). The definition of findings such as primary cavity, used in the coding systems also affected the degree of agreement.

Conclusions
CXR findings were inconsistent between the raters with different backgrounds. High inter-rater agreement is a component necessary for an optimal CXR coding system, particularly in international studies. An analysis of reading results and a thorough discussion to achieve a consensus would be necessary to achieve further consistency and high quality of reading.
Proteins and carbohydrates in nipple aspirate fluid predict the presence of atypia and cancer in women requiring diagnostic breast biopsy
Authors: Qin Wenyi , Gui Gerald , Zhang Ke , Twelves Dominique , Kliethermes Beth , Sauter Edward R 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Herein we present the results of two related investigations. The first study determined if concentrations in breast nipple discharge (ND) of two proteins (urinary plasminogen activator, uPA and its inhibitor, PAI-1) predicted the presence of breast atypia and cancer in pre- and/or postmenopausal women requiring surgery because of a suspicious breast lesion. The second study assessed if these proteins increased the predictive ability of a carbohydrate (Thomsen Friedenreich, TF) which we previously demonstrated predicted the presence of disease in postmenopausal women requiring surgery.

Methods
In the first study we prospectively enrolled 79 participants from whom we collected ND, measured uPA and PAI-1 and correlated expression with pathologic findings. In the second study we analyzed 35 (uPA and PAI-1 in 24, uPA in an additional 11) ND samples collected from different participants requiring breast surgery, all of whom also had TF results.

Results
uPA expression was higher in pre- and PAI-1 in postmenopausal women with 1) cancer (DCIS or invasive) vs. either no cancer (atypia or benign pathology, p = .018 and .025, respectively), or benign pathology (p = .017 and .033, respectively); and 2) abnormal (atypia or cancer) versus benign pathology (p = .018 and .052, respectively). High uPA and PAI-1 concentrations and age were independent predictors of disease in premenopausal women, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 83-87% when comparing diseased vs. benign pathology. uPA, TF, and age correctly classified 35 pre- and postmenopausal women as having disease or not 84-91% of the time, whereas combining uPA+PAI-1+TF correctly classified 24 women 97-100% of the time.

Conclusions
uPA and PAI-1 concentrations in ND were higher in women with atypia and cancer compared to women with benign disease. Combining uPA, PAI-1 and TF in the assessment of women requiring diagnostic breast surgery maximized disease prediction. The assessment of these markers may prove useful in early breast cancer detection.
Effect of aqueous extract of Arctium lappa L. (burdock) roots on the sexual behavior of male rats
Authors: JianFeng Cao , PengYing Zhang , ChengWei Xu , TaoTao Huang , YunGui Bai , KaoShan Chen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundArctium lappaL. root has traditionally been recommended as an aphrodisiac agent. It is used to treat impotence and sterility in China, and Native Americans included the root in herbal preparations for women in labor. However, its use has not been scientifically validated. The present study therefore investigated the effects of aqueous extract ofArctium lappaL. roots on sexual behavior in normal male rats.MethodsSeventy-five albino male rats were randomly divided into five groups of 15 rats each. Rats in group 1 (control) were administered 10 mL⁄kg body weight distilled water (vehicle), group 2 received 60 mg/kg body weight sildenafil citrate (Viagra), while those in groups 3, 4, and 5 were given 300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg body weight, respectively, of aqueous extract ofArctium lappaL. roots in the same volume. Female albino rats were made receptive by hormonal treatment. Sexual behavior parameters in male rats were monitored on days 3, 7 and 15 by pairing with receptive females (1:3). Male serum testosterone concentrations and potency were also determined.ResultsOral administration ofArctium lappaL. roots extract at 600 and 1,200 mg/kg body weight significantly increased the frequencies of mount, intromission, and ejaculation frequency (p< 0.05). The latencies of mount and intromission were significantly reduced and ejaculation latency was prolonged. Administration of the extract also reduced the post-ejaculatory interval. The standard drug (Viagra) was more effective than the extract. The extract significantly increased the frequencies of all components of penile reflexes as well as serum testosterone levels, compared with the distilled water controls.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate that aqueous extract ofArctium lappaL. roots enhances sexual behavior in male rats. The aphrodisiac effects of the plant extract may be related to the presence of flavonoids, saponins, lignans and alkaloids, acting via a multitude of central and peripheral mechanisms. These results thus support the traditional use ofArctium lappaL. root extract for treating impotence and sterility.