bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral flexible linking of polyurethane copolymer and the effect on shape recovery and tensile mechanical properties
Authors: Chung Yong‐Chan , Nguyen Duy Khiem , Chun Byoung Chul 
Published: October 2010

AbstractShape memory polyurethane (SMPU), flexibly crosslinked via a polyethyleneglycol (PEG) spacer attached to its side through an allophanate group, was tested for shape memory and compared with a linear SMPU. The new SMPU was composed of 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) (MDI), poly(tetramethyleneglycol) (PTMG‐2000), and 1,4‐butanediol (BD), and included polyethyleneglycol (PEG‐200) as a spacer. A second MDI, linked to the carbamate group of the first MDI, served as the connecting point for the PEG‐200. Two types of SMPU, differing according to their soft segment (PTMG‐2000) and linker (PEG‐200) contents, were compared in mechanical and shape memory properties. In the best case, a 780% increase in maximum stress was attained without any sacrifice in strain for the new material compared with the linear polymer. In particular, the stress–strain curve showed that the PEG‐crosslinked SMPU had superior tensile mechanical properties. Its shape recovery was as high as 99%, which is the best value we have measured for an SMPU. After four cyclic tests, shape recovery remained greater than 95%. Shape retention of the best SMPU remained above 93% even after four cyclic tests. Here, results demonstrating the extraordinary shape memory properties of these types of SMPU, together with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy data, are analyzed and discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dissolution of MWCNTs by using polyoxadiazoles, and highly effective reinforcement of their composite films
Authors: Loos Marcio R. , Abetz Volker , Schulte Karl 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNonmodified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/sulfonated polyoxadiazole (sPOD) nanocomposites are successfully prepared by a facile solution route. The pristine MWCNTs are dispersed in a sPOD solution, and the mixtures are fabricated into thin films by solution casting. The homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes in the composites is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity are investigated. Tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile energy to break are shown to increase by more than 28, 45, and 73%, respectively, by incorporating up to 1.0 wt % pristine MWCNTs. The experimental values for sPOD/MWCNTs composite stiffness are compared with Halpin‐Tsai and modified Halpin‐Tsai predictions. The storage modulus is found to increase up to 10% at low CNT loading. The composite films, which have an outstanding thermal stability, show an increase of up to 57 °C in the initial degradation temperature. The addition of 1.0 wt % MWCNTs increases the electrical conductivity of the sPOD matrix by two orders of magnitude. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Ring‐opening polymerization of lipoic acid and characterization of the polymer
Authors: Kisanuki Atsushi , Kimpara Yuji , Oikado Yoshiko , Kado Naomi , Matsumoto MITSUAKI , Endo Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThermal polymerization of DL‐α‐lipoic acid (LPA) in bulk without any initiator proceeded easily above the melting point of LPA. The molecular weight polymer determined by GPC was high. From the 1H NMR spectra of polymers, poly(LPA) obtained from polymerization of high purity LPA was to consist of cyclic structures, which was confirmed by ESI‐MS. Interlocked polymer consisting of poly(LPA) and dibenzo‐30‐crown‐10 entangled with each other was synthesized by the polymerization of LPA in the presence of dibenzo‐30‐crown‐10. From the DSC analysis of the polymers, glass transition temperature was estimated to be about −11 °C, but melting point was not observed, indicating that poly(LPA) is an amorphous polymer. By photodecomposition of poly(LPA), Mn was rapidly decreased at the early stage of the decomposition. After that, the Mn of the polymer kept and then was almost constant even for a prolonged reaction time. On the basis of the results, it would be presumed that poly (LPA) obtained form polymerization of high purity LPA includes an interlocked structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Incorporation of fluorene‐based emitting polymers into silica
Authors: Miyao Ayumi , Mori Yuta , Uno Takahiro , Itoh Takahito , Yamasaki Takayuki , Koshio Akira , Kubo Masataka 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNovel polyfluorene copolymers with pendant hydroxyl groups, poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)‐2,7‐(9,9‐bis(6‐hydroxyhexyl)fluorene)‐co‐2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)‐1,4‐phenylene] (PFP‐OH) and poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)‐2,7‐(9,9‐bis(6‐hydroxyhexyl)fluorene)‐co‐2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (PFBT‐OH) were prepared. Acid‐catalyzed polycondensations of tetraethoxysilane were carried out in the presence of these polymers to obtain homogeneous hybrids. Photoluminescence spectra of these hybrids suggested the polymers were immobilized in silica matrix retaining their π‐conjugated structures. Further, hybrids of coat film were prepared utilizing perhydropolysilazane as a silica precursor. Their optical properties were examined. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Ring‐opening polymerization of β‐butyrolactone catalyzed by efficient magnesium and zinc complexes derived from tridentate anilido‐aldimine ligand
Authors: Liu Yi‐Chang , Lin Chia‐Her , Ko Bao‐Tsan , Ho Rong‐Ming 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) complexes incorporating tridentate anilido‐aldimine ligand, (E)‐2, 6‐diisopropyl‐N‐(2‐((2‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)ethylimino)methyl)phenyl)aniline (AAPip‐H, 1), were synthesized and structurally characterized. The reaction of AAPip‐H (1) with MgnBu2 or ZnEt2 in equivalent proportions afforded the monomeric complex [(AAPip)MgnBu] (2) or [(AAPip)ZnEt] (3), respectively. The coordination modes of these complexes differ in the solid state: Mg complex 2 shows a four‐coordinated and distorted tetrahedral geometry, whereas Zn complex 3 adopts a trigonal planar geometry with a three‐coordinated Zn center. Complexes 2 and 3 are efficient catalysts for the ring‐opening polymerization of β‐butyrolactone (β‐BL) in the presence of 9‐anthracenemethanol (9‐AnOH). The polymerization of β‐BL with the Zn catalyst system is demonstrated in a living fashion with a narrow polydispersity index, PDI = 1.01–1.10. The number‐averaged molecular weight (Mn) of the produced poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is quite close to the expected Mn over diverse molar ratios of monomer to 9‐AnOH. A greater ratio of monomer to alcohol catalyzed by Zn complex 3 served to form PHB with a large molecular weight (Mn > 60000). An effective method to prepare PHB‐b‐PCL and PEG‐b‐PHB by the ring‐opening copolymerization of β‐BL catalyzed by zinc complex 3 is reported. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Dispersion polymerization accompanied by CO2 fixation: Synthesis of particles of polymers bearing cyclic carbonate and epoxide moieties
Authors: Ochiai Bungo , Nakayama Takahiro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRadical dispersion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate accompanied by CO2 fixation yielded particles of polymers bearing cyclic carbonate and epoxide moieties in the presence of polymeric dispersion stabilizers. Cellulose acetate successfully stabilized the dispersion, whereas poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) did not. Spherical particles with diameters of 1–10 μm could be prepared under the optimized conditions. The epoxide moieties in the particle were hydrolyzed selectively keeping the shapes of the particles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Synthesis and applications of 2,7‐carbazole‐based conjugated main‐chain copolymers containing electron deficient bithiazole units for organic solar cells
Authors: Patra Dhananjaya , Sahu Duryodhan , Padhy Harihara , Kekuda Dhananjay , Chu Chih‐Wei , Lin Hong‐Cheu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of low‐band‐gap (LBG) donor–accepor conjugated main‐chain copolymers (P1–P4) containing planar 2,7‐carbazole as electron donors and bithiazole units (4,4′‐dihexyl‐2,2′‐bithiazole and 4,4′‐dihexyl‐5,5′‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bithiazole) as electron acceptors were synthesized and studied for the applications in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. The effects of electron deficient bithiazole units on the thermal, optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic (PV) properties of these LBG copolymers were investigated. Absorption spectra revealed that polymers P1–P4 exhibited broad absorption bands in UV and visible regions from 300 to 600 nm with optical band gaps in the range of 1.93–1.99 eV, which overlapped with the major region of the solar emission spectrum. Moreover, carbazole‐based polymers P1–P4 showed low values of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels, which provided good air stability and high open circuit voltages (Voc) in the PV applications. The BHJ PV devices were fabricated using polymers P1–P4 as electron donors and (6,6)‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) or (6,6)‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as electron acceptors in different weight ratios. The PV device bearing an active layer of polymer blend P4:PC71BM (1:1.5 w/w) showed the best power conversion efficiency value of 1.01% with a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 4.83 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 35%, and Voc = 0.60 V under 100 mW/cm2 of AM 1.5 white‐light illumination. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Biomarkers in pediatrics: Children as biomarker orphans
Authors: Savage William J. , Everett Allen D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBiomarkers have enormous potential to improve patient care by establishing tests of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment effects. Successfully translating a biomarker from discovery to clinical application demands high‐quality discovery research and high‐quality clinical studies for biomarker validation; however, there are additional challenges that face biomarker research in pediatrics. There are also additional characteristics of pediatric medicine that make biomarker research especially needed. This review focuses on the fundamentals of biomarkers, the additional considerations needed for applying biomarker research to children, and recommendations for advancing pediatric biomarker research.
Synchronous‐clock, one‐way‐travel‐time acoustic navigation for underwater vehicles
Authors: Eustice Ryan M. , Singh Hanumant , Whitcomb Louis L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper reports the development and deployment of a synchronous‐clock acoustic navigation system suitable for the simultaneous navigation of multiple underwater vehicles. Our navigation system is composed of an acoustic modem–based communication and navigation system that allows for onboard navigational data to be broadcast as a data packet by a source node and for all passively receiving nodes to be able to decode the data packet to obtain a one‐way‐travel‐time (OWTT) pseudo‐range measurement and navigational ephemeris data. The navigation method reported herein uses a surface ship acting as a single moving reference beacon to a fleet of passively listening underwater vehicles. All vehicles within acoustic range are able to concurrently measure their slant range to the reference beacon using the OWTT measurement methodology and additionally receive transmission of reference beacon position using the modem data packet. The advantages of this type of navigation system are that it can (i) concurrently navigate multiple underwater vehicles within the vicinity of the surface ship and (ii) provide a bounded‐errorXYposition measure that is commensurate with conventional moored long‐baseline (LBL) navigation systems [i.e.,${\cal O}(1\ {\rm m})$] but unlike LBL is not geographically restricted to a fixed‐beacon network. We present results for two different field experiments using a two‐node configuration consisting of a global positioning system–equipped surface ship acting as a global navigation aid to a Doppler‐aided autonomous underwater vehicle. In each experiment, vehicle position was independently corroborated by other standard navigation means. Results for a maximum likelihood sensor fusion framework are reported. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coordinated control of an underwater glider fleet in an adaptive ocean sampling field experiment in Monterey Bay
Authors: Leonard Naomi E. , Paley Derek A. , Davis Russ E. , Fratantoni David M. , Lekien Francois , Zhang Fumin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA full‐scale adaptive ocean sampling network was deployed throughout the month‐long 2006 Adaptive Sampling and Prediction (ASAP) field experiment in Monterey Bay, California. One of the central goals of the field experiment was to test and demonstrate newly developed techniques for coordinated motion control of autonomous vehicles carrying environmental sensors to efficiently sample the ocean. We describe the field results for the heterogeneous fleet of autonomous underwater gliders that collected data continuously throughout the month‐long experiment. Six of these gliders were coordinated autonomously for 24 days straight using feedback laws that scale with the number of vehicles. These feedback laws were systematically computed using recently developed methodology to produce desired collective motion patterns, tuned to the spatial and temporal scales in the sampled fields for the purpose of reducing statistical uncertainty in field estimates. The implementation was designed to allow for adaptation of coordinated sampling patterns using human‐in‐the‐loop decision making, guided by optimization and prediction tools. The results demonstrate an innovative tool for ocean sampling and provide a proof of concept for an important field robotics endeavor that integrates coordinated motion control with adaptive sampling. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The association between stress, sense of coherence and subjective health complaints in adolescents: sense of coherence as a potential moderator
Authors: Moksnes Unni K. , Rannestad Toril , Byrne Don G. , Espnes Geir A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe present study investigated the association between domain‐specific stress, sense of coherence (SOC) and subjective health complaints (SHC), as well as the possible moderation effect of SOC on the relationship between stress and SHC. The study is based on responses from 1183 adolescents 13–18 years old. The initial results showed that girls scored higher than boys on all stress domains and on SHC. Conversely, boys reported stronger SOC. Results from the hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between increasing stress related to each of the stress domains of peer pressure, home life, school attendance, as well as to a higher level of SHC. SOC was inversely related to SHC. However, no moderation effect of SOC was found. The findings in the present study thus show that stress and SOC are separately associated with SHC. The results support the importance of improving coping efficacy with stress during adolescence. The results also give some preliminary support for the view that promoting salutogenic factors has positive implications in relation to subjective health in adolescents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring stress tolerance and occurrences of upper respiratory illness in basketball players by means of psychometric tools and salivary biomarkers
Authors: Moreira Alexandre , Arsati Franco , de Oliveira Lima‐Arsati Ynara Bosco , Simões Antonio Carlos , de Araújo Vera Cavalcanti 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the possible relationships between stress tolerance, training load, banal infections and salivary parameters during 4 weeks of regular training in fifteen basketball players. The Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes' questionnaire (sources and symptoms of stress) and the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey were used on a weekly basis. Salivary cortisol and salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) were collected at the beginning (before) and after the study, and measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ratings of perceived exertion (training load) were also obtained. The results from ANOVA with repeated measures showed greater training loads, number of upper respiratory tract infection episodes and negative sensation to both symptoms and sources of stress, at week 2 (p < 0.05). Significant increases in cortisol levels and decreases in SIgA secretion rate were noted (before to after). Negative sensations to symptoms of stress at week 4 were inversely and significantly correlated with SIgA secretion rate. A positive and significant relationship between sources and symptoms of stress at week 4 and cortisol levels were verified. In summary, an approach incorporating in conjunction psychometric tools and salivary biomarkers could be an efficient means of monitoring reaction to stress in sport. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalable location guide overlay multicast in mobilead hocnetworks using tree partition scheme
Authors: Yu Fucai , Park Soochang , Lee Euisin , Kim Sang‐Ha 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTNodes mobility brings flinty challenges to multicast in Mobilead hocNetworks (MANETs). To track nodes mobility, flooding messages are widely used for data delivery structure construction and maintenance in many multicast protocols. These periodic flooding messages significantly consume network resources, such as energy and bandwidth, and result in network collisions. To release data delivery structure maintenance onus, profited from GPS location service, a number of stateless location based multicast protocol were proposed, where a destination list is encapsulated into each data packet for data packet orientation. However, due to data packet capability limitation, the way of encapsulating a destination list in each data packet header restricts the protocol scalability. To solve the scalability issue of multicast protocols, we propose a Scalable Location Guide Overlay Multicast (SLGOM) for MANETs. Analysis and simulation results show that SLGOM achieves high performance in large multicast group and significantly improves the scalability of stateless multicast with respect to group size. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotope‐guided Surgery for Nonpalpable Breast Cancer
Authors: Chow Man Po , Hung Wai Ka , Chu Tiffany , Lui Chun Ying , Ying Marcus , Mak Kong Ling , Chan Miranda 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe hook‐wire technique is used to guide surgical excision of nonpalpable breast lesions. Recently, isotope has been used to guide the excision, and when sentinel node biopsy is performed during the same operation, the procedure is termed Sentinel Node and Occult Lesion Localization (SNOLL). We evaluated the use of this procedure for nonpalpable cancers in Chinese women.MethodsSeventy‐four patients underwent SNOLL before breast‐conserving surgery. Intratumoral injection of sulfur colloid and lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) were performed. A gamma probe was used for resection planning and localization of the sentinel node (SN). Blue dye mapping was used in patients with negative LSG. Complete excision was defined as a tumor‐free margin greater than 1 mm.ResultsThe primary breast lesion was successfully removed in 73 patients (99%). Complete excision was achieved in 61 patients (82%). Drainage to axilla was detected by LSG in 53 patients (72%). The gamma probe was more sensitive than LSG and had an 82% SN identification rate. Patients with a positive LSG had a higher chance of SN localization by gamma probe than patients with a negative LSG (100% vs. 38%, p < 0.001). In patients with a negative LSG, supplementary blue dye mapping increased the SN localization rate from 38 to 90%. The SN identification rate was 97% in the whole series.ConclusionIsotope‐guided surgery was reliable, with a 99% localization rate for nonpalpable breast lesions and an 82% SN localization rate. The success rate of SN identification could be improved to 97% with the addition of blue dye mapping for patients with negative drainage on lymphoscintigraphy.
Enzyme replacement therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis VI—experience in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Hsiang‐Yu , Chen Ming‐Ren , Chuang Chih‐Kuang , Chen Chih‐Ping , Lin Dar‐Shong , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Ke Yu‐Yuan , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Pan Hui‐Ping , Lin Shio‐Jean , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Niu Dau‐Ming , Lee Ni‐Chung , Lin Shuan‐Pei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractInformation regarding the clinical outcome of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human N‐acetylgalactosamine 4‐sulfatase (rhASB) for mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI in Asian patients is limited. We reviewed nine Taiwanese patients with MPS VI (four males and five females; age range 1.4–21.1 years) treated with weekly intravenous infusions of rhASB (1.0 mg/kg) for at least 2 years. We assessed the biochemical and clinical response every 3 months. After 2 years of treatment, seven patients experienced improvement over baseline in the 6‐min walk by a mean of 69.3 m (27.3%), and seven also increased the 3‐min stair climb by a mean of 47 steps (35.7%). Shoulder range of motion in all patients improved, and Joint Pain and Stiffness Questionnaire scores improved by 0.597 points (30.5%). Four patients had improved pulmonary function [forced expiratory volume in 1 s increased by 0.130 L (26.3%) and forced vital capacity by 0.148 L (27.6%)]. The respiratory disturbance index decreased in the four patients who underwent polysomnography. A mean overall 51% decrease in urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion indicated a satisfactory biochemical response. ERT was well tolerated by all patients. This treatment is thus beneficial and appears to be safe for treatment of MPS VI in Taiwanese patients.
In Situ Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Gold Nanocomposites for Nanoelectronics and Biosensing
Authors: Dong Xiaochen , Huang Wei , Chen Peng 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In this study, an in situ chemical synthesis approach has been developed to prepare graphene–Au nanocomposites from chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in aqueous media. UV–Vis absorption, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to demonstrate the successful attachment of Au nanoparticles to graphene sheets. Configured as field-effect transistors (FETs), the as-synthesized single-layered rGO-Au nanocomposites exhibit higher hole mobility and conductance when compared to the rGO sheets, promising its applications in nanoelectronics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the rGO-Au FETs are able to label-freely detect DNA hybridization with high sensitivity, indicating its potentials in nanoelectronic biosensing.
Quantification of the energy required for the destruction ofBalanus amphitritelarva by ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Seth Nishant , Chakravarty Piyul , Khandeparker Lidita , Anil Arga Chandrashekar , Pandit Aniruddha B. 
Published: October 2010

Ultrasonic treatment, a relatively less explored technology in water disinfection, was used to quantify the energy required for the destruction of larvae of barnacleBalanus amphitrite, which is a major marine fouling and a potential invasive organism. Since the power used and treatment time for disinfection are economically, and practically, the most important parameters, the energy required to pulverize the larvae into pieces ≤30 µm was determined as a function of the acoustic power density. The present investigation suggests that an ultrasonic system operating at 20 kHz and 0.0975 W/cm3can effectively pulverize barnacle larvae having length (~440 µm) and breadth (~350 µm) within 45 seconds using 0.1 mJ/larva of pulverization energy. It was also observed that following pulverization of the larvae, the bacterial abundance increased and the rate of release of bacteria was dependent on power level and treatment time, which in turn decided the pulverization rate and hence the rate of release of bacteria.