bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of axial load on the lateral response of single pile with integral equation method
Authors: Liang Fayun , Chen Haibing , Chen Shengli 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis article revisits the influences of axial load on the lateral response of single pile with integral equation method. The problem is formulated by decomposing the pile soil system into an extended elastic soil and a fictitious pile, the former of which is analyzed by making use of the fundamental Mindlin's solution for a concentrated horizontal load whereas the latter is modeled by the conventional beam bending theory. According to the rotation compatibility condition between the fictitious pile and the extended soil, a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind is established with the shear strain and rotation angle of the fictitious pile being the basic unknowns. The bending moment and displacement distribution along the pile are subsequently obtained. Comparison with existing solutions validates the accuracy and applicability of the present formulation. The results of parametric analysis indicate that the influences of axial load on the lateral response of single piles could be significant, and in general, the bending moment and horizontal displacement distributions along the pile increase considerably with the increase of axial load. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of diblock methylcellulose derivatives with regioselective functionalization patterns
Authors: Nakagawa Atsushi , Fenn Dominik , Koschella Andreas , Heinze Thomas , Kamitakahara Hiroshi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article describes a new synthesis strategy to prepare diblock copolymers as model compounds for industrially produced cellulose ethers exemplified with methylcellulose (MC). To elucidate a key structure for thermoreversible gelation of MC, five regioselectively methylated celluloses 1–5 (236, 23, 26, 3, and 6 MC), five corresponding methyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐cellulosides 6–10, and five equiv methyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐cellulosides 11–15 were synthesized for the first time via combination of the glycosyl trichloroacetimidate method and the acid‐catalyzed methanolysis method. The structure of compounds 1–15 was confirmed by means of NMR spectroscopy and MALDI‐TOF MS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Permeation of butane isomers through 6FDA‐DAM dense films
Authors: Esekhile Omoyemen , Qiu Wulin , Koros William J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPermeation of mixtures of butane isomers through 6FDA‐DAM (2,2‐bis(3,4‐carboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride–diaminomesitylene) dense films is shown to deviate from the dual‐mode transport model, even if one accounts for nonideal bulk flow effects. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the deviations observed. Both hypotheses relate to an apparently much slower exchange rate of the bulky i‐butane molecule versus n‐butane isomer between Henry's Law and Langmuir sorption sites in the rigid matrix. The first hypothesis suggests a change in the equilibrium isotherm for normal butane, due to the presence of i‐butane. A model is considered to account for the change in local equilibrium and to improve the description of experimental data compared to the dual‐mode transport model accounting for bulk flow. The second hypothesis considers an effect on the accessible unrelaxed volume associated with the Langmuir capacity of one penetrant due to the presence of the second penetrant. We introduce an empirical parameter representing this effect for each penetrant in the n/i‐butane system. Models based on either hypothesis show some improvement to the dual‐mode transport model accounting for bulk flow, in making mixed gas predictions; however, the second model gives a much better fit to experimental data. Further experimentation is required to provide a physical basis for the empirical factor in the second model, thereby allowing generalization of the observations reported here. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1605–1620, 2011
Beta‐adrenergic receptor polymorphisms associated with length of ICU stay in pediatric status asthmaticus
Authors: Carroll Christopher L. , Sala Kathleen A. , Zucker Aaron R. , Schramm Craig M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundDuring severe exacerbations, asthmatic children vary significantly in their response to high‐dose continuous β2‐adrenergic receptor (ADRβ2) agonist therapy. Genetic polymorphisms have been identified within the ADRβ2 that may be functionally relevant, but few studies have been performed in this population. Our hypothesis was that genotypic differences are associated with magnitude of response to ADRβ2 agonist treatment during severe asthma exacerbations in children.MethodsChildren aged 2–18 years admitted to the ICU (intensive care unit) with a severe asthma exacerbation between 2006 and 2008 were eligible. Genotyping of the ADRβ2 was performed.ResultsEighty‐nine children consented and were enrolled. Despite similar clinical asthma scores on admission, children with the Gly16Gly genotype at amino acid position 16 had significantly shorter ICU length of stay (LOS) and hospital LOS, compared to children with Arg16Arg and Arg16Gly genotypes. Children with either the Gln27Glu or Glu27Glu genotype at amino acid position 27 also had significantly shorter ICU LOS and hospital LOS compared to children with the Gln27Gln genotype. The Arg16Gly‐Gln27Gln haplotype was associated with the longest ICU LOS, but this was not statistically different from other haplotypes.ConclusionsIn this cohort of children with severe asthma exacerbations, ADRβ2 polymorphisms were associated with responses to therapy. Knowledge of the genetic profile of children with asthma may allow for targeted therapy during acute exacerbations. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:233–239. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exhaled breath temperature and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children
Authors: Peroni Diego G. , Chinellato Iolanda , Piazza Michele , Zardini Federica , Bodini Alessandro , Olivieri Francesca , Boner Attilio L. , Piacentini Giorgio L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that exhaled breath temperature (EBT) is related to the degree of airway inflammation/remodeling in asthma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the level of airway response to exercise and EBT in a group of controlled or partly controlled asthmatic children. Fifty asthmatic children underwent measurements of EBT before and after a standardized exercise test. EBT was 32.92 ± 1.13 and 33.35 ± 0.95°C before and after exercise, respectively (P < 0.001). The % decrease in FEV1 was significantly correlated with the increase in EBT (r = 0.44, P = 0.0013), being r = 0.49 (P < 0.005) in the children who were not receiving regular inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and 0.37 (n.s.) in those who were. This study further supports the hypothesis that EBT can be considered a potential composite tool for monitoring asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:240–244. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Covalent Tethering of Protruding Arms for Addressable DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Saccà Barbara , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFunctionalization of self‐assembled DNA nanostructures is of fundamental importance for the realization of their application in nanotechnology and biosensing. Approaches reported so far suffer from lack of general applicability and usually require careful system design to avoid poor yields in the assembly of target structures. A novel approach well suited for fabrication of addressable DNA superstructures is reported here to generate DNA tile motifs. The method is based on the covalent linkage of a single‐stranded protruding arm (covPA) to one of the oligomers forming the tile. Subsequent to assembly of tile motifs and superlattices, the covPA can be addressed by hybridization with complementary oligonucleotides or DNA–protein conjugates. The covPA can be located at arbitrary positions in a given tile motif without changing the general design and without compromising the structural integrity of the tile. The covPA strategy can also be readily extended to different PA sequences and multiple covPA arms can be linked to a tile. Superlattices obtained by self‐assembly of covPA tiles reveal partial folding into double layers which possess an intrinsic order at the ultrastructural level. This phenomenon is likely associated with the increased flexibility of the covPA and might open up novel ways for DNA‐based functionalization of solid surfaces and other applications of structural DNA nanotechnology.
Reversible Pore‐Structure Evolution in Hollow Silica Nanocapsules: Large Pores for siRNA Delivery and Nanoparticle Collecting
Authors: Chen Yu , Chu Chen , Zhou Yuchuan , Ru Yanfei , Chen Hangrong , Chen Feng , He Qianjun , Zhang Yonglian , Zhang Linlin , Shi Jianlin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe effective modulation of pore sizes for nanoporous silica nanoparticles still remains a great challenge not satisfactorily solved. In this paper, the pore sizes in the shell of hollow silica nanocapsules are well‐tuned by a reversible Si–O bond breakage and reformation process under mildly alkaline conditions (e.g., Na2CO3 solution). The pores in nanosized hollow silica capsules can be modulated from 3.2 nm to larger than 10 nm by a novel, surfactant‐directing alkaline‐etching (SDAE) strategy. Interestingly, the pores can be fully filled through the regrowth of the dissoluted silicates by bonding to silanols (Si–OH) on the wall surface to generate the nonporous hollow silica nanocapsules. The large‐sized pore hollow silica nanocapsules exhibit excellent siRNA‐loading capabilities and intracellular transfection efficiencies in vitro. In addition, the large pores in the shell of hollow silica nanocapsules are explored as channels for collecting superparamagnetic, small‐sized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, initiating a special approach towards pore‐size modulation and multifunctionalization of silica‐based nanostructural materials for nanobiomedical applications.
Self‐Assembled DNA‐Based Fluorescence Waveguide with Selectable Output
Authors: Hannestad Jonas K. , Gerrard Simon R. , Brown Tom , Albinsson Bo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUsing the principle of self‐assembly, a fluorescence‐based photonic network is constructed with one input and two spatially and spectrally distinct outputs. A hexagonal DNA nanoassembly is used as a scaffold to host both the input and output dyes. The use of DNA to host functional groups enables spatial resolution on the level of single base pairs, well below the wavelength of light. Communication between the input and output dyes is achieved through excitation energy transfer. Output selection is achieved by the addition of a mediator dye intercalating between the DNA base pairs transferring the excitation energy from input to output through energy hopping. This creates a tool for selective excitation energy transfer on the nanometer scale with spectral and spatial control. The ability to direct excitation energy in a controlled way on the nanometer scale is important for the incorporation of photochemical processes in nanotechnology.
Molecular Cloaking of H2A.Z on Mortal DNA Chromosomes During Nonrandom Segregation
Authors: Huh Yang Hoon , Sherley James L. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Although nonrandom sister chromatid segregation is a singular property of distributed stem cells (DSCs) that are responsible for renewing and repairing mature vertebrate tissues, both its cellular function and its molecular mechanism remain unknown. This situation persists in part because of the lack of facile methods for detecting and quantifying nonrandom segregating cells and for identifying chromosomes with immortal DNA strands, the cellular molecules that signify nonrandom segregation. During nonrandom segregation, at each mitosis, asymmetrically self-renewing DSCs continuously cosegregate to themselves the set of chromosomes that contain immortal DNA strands, which are the oldest DNA strands. Here, we report the discovery of a molecular asymmetry between segregating sets of immortal chromosomes and opposed mortal chromosomes (i.e., containing the younger set of DNA template strands) that constitutes a new convenient biomarker for detection of cells undergoing nonrandom segregation and direct delineation of chromosomes that bear immortal DNA strands. In both cells engineered with DSC-specific properties and ex vivo-expanded mouse hair follicle stem cells, the histone H2A variant H2A.Z shows specific immunodetection on immortal DNA chromosomes. Cell fixation analyses indicate that H2A.Z is present on mortal chromosomes as well but is cloaked from immunodetection, and the cloaking entity is acid labile. The H2A.Z chromosomal asymmetry produced by molecular cloaking provides a first direct assay for nonrandom segregation and for chromosomes with immortal DNA strands. It also seems likely to manifest an important aspect of the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for nonrandom sister chromatid segregation in DSCs.
A measurement‐based ageing analysis of the JVM
Authors: Cotroneo Domenico , Orlando Salvatore , Pietrantuono Roberto , Russo Stefano 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIn this work, a software ageing analysis of Java‐based software systems is conducted. The JVM is the core layer in Java‐based systems, and its dependability greatly affects the overall system quality. Starting from an experimental campaign on a real‐world test bed, this work isolates the contribution of the JVM to the overall ageing trend, and identifies, through statistical methods, which workload parameters are the most relevant to ageing dynamics. Results revealed the presence of several ageing dynamics in the JVM, including (i) a throughput loss trend mainly dependent on the execution unit, (ii) a slow memory depletion drift due to the just‐in‐time‐compiler activity and (iii) a fast memory depletion drift caused by dynamics inside the garbage collector. The outlined procedure and obtained results are useful in order to (i) identify the presence of ageing phenomena, (ii) perform online ageing detection and time‐to‐exhaustion prediction and (iii) define optimal rejuvenation techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic performance of raised floor system by shake‐table excitations
Authors: Liao Wen‐I , Chai Juin‐Fu , Loh Chin‐Hsiung , Huang Shiang‐He 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYDamage of expensive equipment installed in the raised floor system of high‐tech fabs was often observed during past earthquakes in Taiwan. This resulted in a huge loss of manufacturing functions and properties for the high‐tech industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the dynamic characteristics of the raised floor system for future seismic protection. This paper explores the seismic performance of a raised floor system under shake‐table excitations. The raised floor used was a pedestal–stringer frame structure supporting the simulated equipment. This raised floor system was the typical system frequently used in semi‐conductor fabs of Taiwan. The input motions for the shake‐table tests were the waffle‐slab floor accelerations of a typical semi‐conductor fab to simulated ground motions. The ground motions were simulated according to the phase spectrum and the maximum potential earthquake of the site located at Hsin‐Chu Science Park, Taiwan. The dynamic characteristics of the raised floor system were studied and discussed. This study also employed the finite element package to carry out numerical simulation on seismic responses of raised floor systems. Comparison with the experimental data showed that the proposed simulation model achieved excellent performance. Finally, the effectiveness of base isolation for reducing the acceleration of the system was also studied. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction and test of an artificial uterus for ex situ development of shark embryos
Authors: Nick Otway , Megan Ellis 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn artificial uterus (AU) was constructed from clear and opaque acrylic and life‐support and monitoring systems were attached. The dwarf ornate wobbegong shark (Orectolobus ornatus) was used to test the AU because recent research has shown that during pregnancy the uterine fluid composition changes with mid‐ to late‐term embryos immersed in seawater. An artificial uterine fluid comprising filtered, autoclaved seawater was placed in the AU. Eight, sexually mature female O. ornatus were captured from the wild and held in captivity. Subsequent ultrasound examinations confirmed pregnancy in three of these females. Six late‐term embryos (three males and three females) were removed surgically from one euthanized female and placed in the AU. Their condition was monitored for 18 days before “birth” on September 26, 2008. The subsequent survival and growth of the AU pups was compared with naturally born wobbegong pups in captivity over a 140‐day monitoring period. The development in the AU did not have detrimental effects as there was no postpartum mortality and there were marked increases in total length and weight that did not differ significantly between the two groups. Zoo Biol 31: 197–205, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Water‐in‐Diesel Fuel Nanoemulsions Prepared by High Energy: Emulsion Drop Size and Stability, and Emission Characteristics
Authors: Al‐Sabagh A. M. , Emara Mostafa M. , Noor El‐Din M. R. , Aly W. R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWater‐in‐diesel fuel nanoemulsions were prepared with mixed nonionic surfactants. The high energy emulsification method was used to form three emulsions containing different water contents: 5, 10 and 14% (v/v). These nanoemulsions were stabilized with a mixture of 20% sorbitan monooleate, and 80% polyethoxylated (20 EO) sorbitan trioleate, resulting in an HLB of 10 (HLB—hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance). The effect of water on the droplet size, emulsion calorific value, and emission gases such as nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide emissions and exhaust gas temperatures in diesel engines has been studied. It was found that the mean sizes of the droplets formed (between 19.3 and 39 nm) depend on the water content and the concentration of the blend emulsifiers.
Rauchen und Lungenkrebs
Authors: Krawczak M. 
Published: September 2011

Zusammenfassung
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher, der wohl berühmteste und produktivste Statistiker des 20. Jahrhunderts, hat zeit seines Lebens den kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Tabakrauchen und der Entstehung von Lungenkrebs angezweifelt. Er zog stattdessen einen genetischen „Confounder“ als Erklärung für die zwischen beiden Faktoren bestehende statistische Assoziation in Betracht, d. h. er konstatierte ein Gen, das sowohl das Rauchverhalten als auch die Krebsätiologie beeinflusst. Es gab viele Versuche, Fishers Starrsinn in dieser Angelegenheit zu erklären. Neben außerwissenschaftlichen Gründen (Fisher war selbst leidenschaftlicher Raucher) spielte wohl auch Fishers Sorge um den Stellenwert valider statistischer Methoden in der medizinischen Forschung eine entscheidende Rolle. Genomweite Assoziationsanalysen (GWAS) zum Rauchverhalten und zum Lungenkrebs haben in jüngster Vergangenheit Hinweise dafür geliefert, dass Fishers Überlegungen vielleicht doch ein Fünkchen Wahrheit enthielten und dass sich sein Confounder in Form des Gens für die Nikotinrezeptor-Untereinheit α5 auf Chromosom 15q25 wiederfinden könnte.
Geotechnical Properties of the Bank Sediments along the Dhansiri River Channel, Assam
Authors: Kotoky P. , Dutta M. K. , Goswami R. , Borah G. C. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The bank sediments along the extremely meandered Dhansiri River channel, a south bank tributary of the mighty Brahmaputra River, with erosion potentiality have been investigated to evaluate its certain geotechnical characteristics. The study has shown that the bank sediments are basically composed of CL and ML types of soil. These types of sediments are very much prone to liquefaction which in turn related to erosion susceptibility. The bank stability analysis has differentiated the studied stretch into unstable, at risk and stable zones. Most of the erosion affected zones along the channel reach under study are located within the unstable or at risk zones. The field study around Butalikhowa, Barguriagaon, Golaghat and Duchmuagaon areas along the channel with active erosion activity has supported our contention and practical utility of the present study. It is expected that such type of study will help in providing certain inevitable baseline information for various channel management practices for this extremely flood prone areas of Northeast India.
Early Triassic Palynomorphs from Manuguru Area of Godavari Graben, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Jha Neerja , Sabina K Pauline , Mehrotra N. C. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Palynological analysis of the subsurface sediments from the bore hole 1008 (PK-6&7 blocks) from Manuguru area of Godavari graben has revealed the presence of Early Triassic palynoflora. Quantitative and qualitative palynological analysis of the productive samples have shown that the palynofossil content is predominated by cingulate-cavate spores, viz. Lundbladispora and Densoisporites and taeniate pollen like Lunatisporites in association with other taxa, such as Falcisporites, Alisporites, Klausipollenites, Chordasporites, Verrucosisporites and Osmundacidites. The above recovered palynoflora provides conclusive evidence for the presence of Early Triassic sediments equivalent to Panchet in the Manuguru area of Godavari graben. This is the first record of Early Triassic palynoflora in the Manuguru area. This corroborates the findings of Jha and Srivastava (1996) that the Lower Kamthi Formation represents the Early Triassic sequence equivalent to the Panchet Formation.
Linkage of Paraglacial Processes from Last Glacial to Recent Inferred from Spituk Sequence, Leh Valley, Ladakh Himalaya
Authors: Sant Dhananjay A. , Wadhawan Sudesh K. , Ganjoo Rajinder K. , Basavaiah Nathani , Sukumaran Prabhin , Bhattacharya Sourabh 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The paraglacial sequence in the Leh valley, Ladakh Himalaya preserves imprints of various processes active during deglaciation in the late phase of Last Glacial. In present work, a high resolution sedimentological record generated for Spituk is presented identifying aeolian episodes, mudflow events from Ladakh Range and debris flows extending from Zanskar Range across present Indus River. Two temporal phases of water ponding within Spituk Sequence are also identified. The seismites recorded at various stratigraphic depths and their association with the sediment facies signifies gravity induced process besides possible seismic activity as an added phenomena. Linkage between paraglacial processes since Last Glacial to Recent is tracked and evaluated.