bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Storage on the Prevalent Alum‐precipitated Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccine in Pakistan and Preparation of a More Efficient Oil Adjuvant Vaccine using Dense Culture of Pasteurella multocida Roberts Type 1 on an Improved Culture Medium
Authors: Sheikh M. A. , Tasneem K. , Zafar M. S. , Butt I. A. , Shakoori A. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySignificantly drastic effects of storage on the potency of the alum‐precipitated haemorrhagic septicaemia (APHS) vaccine are reported. The APHS vaccine, studied through challenge infection of vaccinated rabbits (post‐60 days of vaccination), showed 100% potency when stored at 4 °C for 30 days. The potency dropped to 20% when storage period was extended to 60 or more days. At 30 °C, the potency reduced by 40, 40 and 60%, respectively, after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage, while, at 37 °C, the decrease was 60, 60 and 100% after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage, respectively. In view of this, the oil‐adjuvant (OA) HS vaccine was developed by culturing Pasteurella multocida on a medium comprising yeast extract, sucrose, trypticase and sodium bicarbonate, under continuous aeration at 37 °C. This gave a far better bacterial count (maximum count 15 times 108/ml) than the conventional APHS vaccine (maximum count 6 times 108/ml). The OAHS vaccine‐carrying water‐in‐oil emulsion remained stable at room temperature for 1 year. The log protection values of the two batches of the OAHS vaccine, studied in mice, were 5.2 and 5.3, as against 1.9 of the APHS vaccine.
Evaluation of Immunogenicity of Campylobacter Strains Isolated from Ovine Abortions by Laboratory Test Systems
Authors: Diker K. S. , Türütoglu H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA microagglutination test andin vitroserum bactericidal assay were used for testing cross‐reactions and cross‐bactericidal activities of 15Campylobacterstrains isolated from ovine abortions. Antisera against certain strains ofC. fetussubsp.fetusandC. jejunishowed higher microagglutination titres and bactericidal activity against homologous and/or heterologous strains. In both tests, cross‐reactions and bactericidal activity were higher among the strains of homologous species than among those of heterologous species. The pregnant guinea‐pig model was used for testing the efficacy of experimental campylobacter vaccines. Monovalent bacterins prepared with eitherC. fetussubsp.fetusorC. jejunidid not produce immunity to cross‐challenge with the opposite species. Guinea‐pigs immunized with the bivalent bacterin were found to be immune to both groups ofCampylobacterwhen subsequently challenged. In vaccinated guinea‐pigs, theirin vivoability to overcome infection is reflected in thein vitrobactericidal capacity of homologous rabbit antiserum.
Diagnosis of Clostridium perfringens Type C Enteritis in Pigs using a DNA Amplification Technique (PCR)
Authors: Buogo C. , Capaul S. , Häni H. , Frey J. , Nicolet J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryClostridium perfringens type C, which produces α‐ and β‐toxin, causes severe haemorrhagic and necrotic enteritis in animals and humans. A polymerase‐chain‐reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the specific detection of the genes encoding α‐, β‐, ε‐ and enterotoxin of C. perfringens for rapid typing of C. perfringens strains, and especially for the identification of type C strains. Both the α‐ and β‐toxin genes were detected directly in porcine C. perfringens type C cultures and also in type B and type C collection strains to a sensitivity of 103 cells without purification of the DNA. The α‐toxin gene was detected in all types of C. perfringens. The ε‐toxin gene was found in type B and type D, and the enterotoxin gene in some type A strains. Nine other species of Clostridium and a variety of intestinal pathogenic bacteria showed no signal for these toxin genes in this PCR assay. The α‐ and β‐toxin genes PCR assay were used to identify C. perfringens strains isolated from intestinal contents of 36 necropsied piglets that had suddenly died or died after premonitory signs of diarrhoea. At necropsy, 20 piglets showed necrotizing enteritis (15 acute and 5 chronic cases) and were suspected to have suffered from a C. perfringens type C infection. All of them had C. perfringens which gave a positive PCR signal for α‐ and β‐toxin genes, and, hence, were identified as type C strains. From the 16 other piglets with lesions other than necrotizing enteritis, C. perfringens strains with the α‐toxin gene, but no β‐toxin gene, were isolated. The necropsy findings and the anamnesis showed a very good correlation with the PCR identification of toxin genes. It was therefore concluded that the PCR‐based toxin gene examination is a good alternative to the time‐consuming, less specific, and more expensive mouse neutralization test in the routine diagnostic laboratory.
Isolation of the Major Outer‐membrane Protein of Actinobacillus pleuropneumonias and Haemophilus parasuis
Authors: Hartmann L. , Schröder W. , Lübke A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA polyclonal antibody against the 35 kDa major outer‐membrane protein of Pasteurella multocida cross‐reacted with the 40 kDa major outer‐membrane protein of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and the 42 kDa major outer‐membrane protein of Haemophilus parasuis. The N‐terminal amino‐acid sequences of these proteins revealed a strong homology with the putative 35 kDa porin protein of Pasteurella multocida (66.7 and 76.2%, respectively). Significant homologies were also evident between the 40 kDa and the 42 kDa protein (76.2%), and with non‐specific porins of gram‐negative bacteria.
Virus‐neutralization Domains on the Oligomeric (230 kDa) Forms of Antigen B of Herpesvirus of Turkeys and Marek's Disease Virus differ in Cross‐serotypic Activity
Authors: Davidson I. , Becker Y. , Malkinson M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHerpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) is frequently used to protect chickens against Marek's disease (MD). The HVT and MDV native antigen B complex shares common epitopes. To determine whether these oligomers present virus‐neutralizing domains, monospecific antibodies to the HVT and MDV native 230 kDa oligomers were produced. The monospecific antibody immunopurified from an anti‐HVT avian serum neutralized the in vitro infectivity of the oncogenic isolate MDV‐B and the vaccine strains CVI988, SB1 and HVT and immunoblotted the 230 kDa oligomers of HVT and CVI988. As a result of the immunofluorescence analysis on infected cells, the monospecific antibody revealed foci of diffuse cytoplasmic immunofluorescence. A second monospecific antibody to the heat‐stable 130 kDa monomer of HVT had limited neutralizing activity against HVT and CVI988 only, immunoblotted only the native HVT oligomer, and was not active in immunofluorescence. The monospecific antibody to the MDV‐B 230 kDa oligomer neutralized and immunoblotted only the two MDV‐1 strains but stained cells infected with MDVs of the three serotypes in immunofluorescence. It is concluded that the cross‐protective neutralizing epitopes of HVT are located on heat‐labile oligomeric forms of antigen B.
Effects ofStaphylococcus aureusMastitis after Endotoxin Application on Milk Yield and Composition during Subsequent Lactation of Guinea‐pigs
Authors: Messom G. Vandeputte‐Van , Burvenich C. , Roets E. , Devriese L. , Haesebrouck F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects ofStaphylococcus aureusmastitis on milk yield and composition throughout subsequent lactation in lactating guinea‐pigs and the role of endotoxin pretreatment on these phenomena were investigated. Primiparous lactating guinea‐pigs were intramammarily inoculated with sterile saline (group 1),S. aureusstrain UC 6097 (group 2), or withS. aureusUC 6097 after endotoxin pretreatment (group 3). Clinical signs and survival rate were monitored. During the second lactation, daily milk yield was measured and milk composition was determined. In primiparous inoculated guinea‐pigs, moderate (group 3)‐to‐severe acute mastitis (group 2) was produced. During subsequent lactation, milk yield in the control group peaked on day 5 and then decreased. Concentrations of Na+and Cl−in milk, and concentrations of fat, gradually increased, but lactose and K+decreased. After an early decrease, NAGase in milk increased towards the end of lactation. Except for higher NAGase concentrations in group 3, milk yield and composition during the second lactation did not differ significantly between the mastitis and the control groups. Endotoxin pretreatment only plays a role in the determination of the severity of the infection.
Isolation and Characterization of Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (Coronavirus) from Rats by Established Cell Line LBC
Authors: Hirano N. , Ono K. , Nomura R. , Tawara T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe outbreak of sialoadenitis occurred in a laboratory rat colony and the causative agent was isolated from the affected salivary glands of diseased rats using the established cell line LBC. The isolate readily multiplied, producing clear cytopathic effects with syncytium formation, and it was identified virologically and serologically as rat sialodacryoadenitis virus. In attempts to isolate the virus by primary rat kidney (PRK) cells and suckling mice as well as LBC cells, the LBC cells showed higher susceptibility for the virus growth as compared with PRK cells or the brain of suckling mice. The isolation rate of virus was 100 % (5/5) in LBC, 40 % (2/5) in PRK cells and 60 % (3/5) in suckling mice.After four passages in the LBC cells, the virus did not produce disease in adult rats, while the mouse brain‐passaged virus did.
Evaluation of Different Turkey Rhinotracheitis Viruses used as Antigens for Serological Testing following Live Vaccination and Challenge
Authors: Eterradossi N. , Toquin D. , Guittet M. , Bennejean G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) developed in the authors' laboratory for turkey rhinotracheitis serological testing, a commercial ELISA kit, and two virus‐neutralization (VN) assays were compared with respect to the efficiency of these assays for serological monitoring in specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) turkeys inoculated with four pathogenic isolates of turkey rhinotracheitis virus, with or without previous live vaccination. Both the live vaccine and the different isolates of virus were shown to induce antibody rises, the detectability of which varied depending on the ELISA or VN assay used for serological testing. The results show that 3 weeks after vaccination with an attenuated strain, the choice of an inadequate antigen for serological testing may be the cause of an apparent lack of immunogenicity of the vaccine, and that 2 weeks after challenge, such a choice in ELISA can also hinder the early diagnosis of a TRT virus infection in both vaccinated and unvaccinated turkeys.
Detection of Antibodies to Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus: an Immunoblotting Method using Virus‐coated Human Erythrocyte Membranes
Authors: Ruvoen‐Clouet N. , Blanchard D. , Andre‐Fontaine G. , Song B. , Ganiere J. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe virus of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV) was purified from infected rabbit liver homogenate by using its property to bind to human red blood cells. Lysates from virus coated cells contained a 60 kDa protein identified as the major viral protein. Immunoblots prepared with that preparation were proved to be useful for immunochemical analysis since the 60 kDa component was intensively stained by subsequent incubation with rabbit sera from infected rabbits and with a secondary labelled antibody. The sera from 114 rabbits were analysed with this test and the data were compared with those obtained by using the haemagglutination inhibition test (HIT). Among the 114 field sera tested by Western blot, 86 contained antibodies to the 60 kDa RHDV antigen whereas only 76 showed positive reaction by HIT. The sensitivity and the specificity of the Western blot were 0.85 and 0.45, respectively, with a concordance between the two techniques of 0.72. Additionally, the European brown hare syndrome virus antibodies reacted with the 60 kDa RHDV protein on immunoblots.
Cerebral Coeneurosis in Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica)
Authors: Lavin S. , Marco I. , Pastor J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo cases of cerebral coeneurosis in chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) from Catalonia (northeastern Spain) are described. This disease, of which few cases have been reported, may, in fact, be relatively frequent. Although the characteristic symptom of the disease in sheep is circling, that symptom was not observed in this study. Chamois may act as a host within the sheep‐shepherd‐dog cycle, but is probable that red fox (Vulpes vulpes) also acts as a definitive host.
Isolation and Characterization of Paramyxoviruses from Snakes and their Relationship to Avian Paramyxoviruses
Authors: Blahak S. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySeveral viruses were isolated from snakes which died during an outbreak of disease in a zoo. The viruses could be cultivated at 28 °C on a snake cell line (VH2, ATCC CCL 140). In cell culture they formed syncytia, leading to destruction of the monolayer. The isolates were sensitive to treatment with chloroform but not to growth in the presence of IUDR and revealed haemagglutinating activity with chicken erythrocytes. These results, combined with electron microscopic examination of the infectious supernatant, confirmed the diagnosis of paramyxoviruses (PMV).Haemagglutination inhibition tests with antisera against avian PMV revealed a serological relationship between the snake viruses and the avian PMV serotypes 1 and 7. Tests for thermostability at 56 °C showed a marked decrease of the haemagglutination and infectivity titres in contrast to the avian PMV serotype 7. The multiplication of the snake viruses seemed to be restricted to incubation temperatures below 37 °C. At 28 °C the snake viruses could be cultivated in several cell cultures. Separation of virus proteins using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed differences between the snake isolates and avian PMVs of serotypes 1 and 7.
Evaluation of Mebendazole Activity on Experimental Murine Toxocariasis by Immune Complexes Determination
Authors: Bardon R. , Cuellar C. , del Aguila C. , Guillen J. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe mebendazole action on experimental murine toxocariasis, using different formulations and vehicles, was studied by means of the detection of antibodies and immune complexes by ELISA. After inoculation with 1000 embryonated Toxocara canis eggs, BALB/c mice were submitted to the anthelmintic treatment as follows: group 1 (control without treatment); group 2 (mebendazole (MBZ), Lomper®, Steve Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain, suspended in 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at a dose of 100mg/kg/day); group 3 (MBZ, pure compound suspended in 1% CMC at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day); group 4 (MBZ, pure compound suspended in water at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day); group 5 (MBZ, pure compound, formulated to a solid dispersion at 10% in polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) then dissolved in water at a dose of 100mg/kg/day); group 6 (MBZ, pure compound, formulated to a solid dispersion at 10% in PEG then dissolved in water at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day); group 7 (MBZ, pure compound, formulated to a solid dispersion at 10% in PEG then dissolved in water at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day). The treatments were administered on days 5–7 post‐inoculation (p.i.) inclusive. The dynamics of the production of the specific antibodies for both excretory‐secretory (ES) antigen or crude extract showed a similar profile as compared to the control group. In groups 2 and 6, from the beginning of the treatment, values of immune complexes fell rapidly and were undetectable for the remainder of the experiment. Reductions of immune complex levels by the 4th‐6th, 2nd‐3rd and 2nd‐5th weeks p.i. were observed from groups 3, 5 and 7, respectively. In the other groups, similar profiles as compared to the control group were observed in the dynamics of the specific immune complexes. The evaluation of chemotherapy by immunological methods is a valid technique for the efficiency of the treatment without the disadvantages of larval recovery from several digested tissues. Mebendazole, pure compound, formulated to a solid dispersion in PEG, then dissolved in water reduced immune complexes from the beginning of the treatment. The larval immobilization produced by MBZ should entail a reduction in their metabolic activity with a reduction in the production of excretory‐secretory substances which are responsible for the formation of immune complexes. The rapid clearance of specific immune complexes together with a total larvae reduction would explain the decrease in specific immune complexes, which detection is a valid technique for monitoring the efficiency of treatment.
Experimental Infection in Mice with Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Agerholm J. S. , Jensen H. E. , Jensen N. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe pathogenicity of Bacillus licheniformis was assessed in normal and immunodepressed BALB/c mice. The animals were challenged intravenously with 4 times 107 colony forming units of B. licheniformis (ATCC 14580) and both normal and immunodepressed mice were susceptible. However, the infection was more severe in the immunosuppressed animals. In normal mice, lesions were restricted to the liver and kidneys, while lesions also occurred in other organs of immunodepressed mice. By crossed immunoelectrophoresis it was shown that antigens of B. licheniformis are potent immunogens, and the bacteria could be identified in tissue sections by immunostaining. Immunohistochemically, B. licheniformis was demonstrated in hepatic and pulmonic macrophages, and from some animals the bacteria were also reisolated.
Attempt to Discriminate between Bovine Viral‐diarrhoea Virus Strains using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Tajima M. , Kirisawa R. , Taguchi M. , Iwai H. , Kawakami Y. , Hagiwara K. , Ohtsuka H. , Sentsui H. , Takahashi K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect bovine viral‐diarrhoea mucosal‐disease virus (BVDV). By the use of properly prepared primers, cytopathogenic NADL, Oregon C24V, Nose, T‐20 and KS86‐1(+) strains, and non‐cytopathogenic New York‐1, No. 12, and KS86‐1(‐) strains could be detected. The PCR system was applied to field isolates of the viruses. All the viruses were detected by the PCR. Four patterns of the PCR amplification were recognized, and it was possible to discriminate between some strains. These results corresponded with the serotype of BVDV, as determined by the serum‐neutralizing test. The BVDV gene was detectable from the leucocytes of infected cattle using the PCR method. Moreover, it was possible to detect and discriminate BVDV strains using one PCR tube that included all primer pairs.
Comparative in vitro Activity of 11 ß‐lactam Antibiotics against 91 Staphylococcus intermedius Strains isolated from Staphylococcal Dermatitis in Dogs
Authors: Piriz S. , de la Fuente R. , Valle J. , Mateos E. , Hurtado M. A. , Cid D. , Ruiz‐Santaquiteria J. A. , Vadillo S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA study was made of the susceptibility of 91 strains ofStaphylococcus intermedius, isolated from staphylococcal dermatitis of dogs, to 11 ß‐lactam antimicrobial agents. The activity of these antimicrobial agents against all strains was tested at pH 7.2 and 8.5. Finally, a comparative study was made of the susceptibility of these micro‐organisms, dividing them into six groups: ß‐lactamase positive and negative, methicillin resistant and susceptible and oxacillin resistant and susceptible. Only three of the 11 antimicrobial agents studied exhibited satisfactory behaviour at the two pH levels studied: mezlocillin, cefazolin and cefalotine. There was a good correlation at pH 8.5 between methicillin‐resistant strains and those resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxycillin, cefamandole and cefuroxime. This correlation was not observed, however, between oxacillin‐resistant strains and strains resistant to the other antimicrobial agents studied.
Effect of Immunosuppressive Treatment on Eperythrozoon suis Infection and Porcine Peripheral‐blood Natural‐killer‐(NK) cell Activity
Authors: Büttner M. , Plank G. , Heinritzi K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of immunosuppressive treatment on natural‐killer‐cell activity and the manifestation of eperythrozoonosis in swine were investigated. After infection withEperythrozoon suis(E. suis, German Landrace piglets received daily intravenous (i.v.) applications of cyclophosphamide (CY, Endoxan®) on 6 consecutive days. A combined immunosuppressive treatment using azathioprine (Imurek®), a single application of dexamethasone (Devan®), and two injections of anti‐asialo GM1 serum (1:50) was performed with a piglet over a period of 9 days. Leucocyte counts, differential blood‐cell count, and microhaematocrit and rectal temperature were controlled. Direct microscopic observation ofE. suisorganisms was performed in Giemsastained blood smears. Immunosuppressive treatment resulted in relative lymphocytosis and transient agranulocytosis. CY and azathioprine therapy caused a temporary increase ofE. suisorganisms in red blood cells.Natural‐killer‐(NK) cell activity mediated by nylon‐wool non‐adherent peripheral‐blood mononuclear leucocytes (NAD‐PBML) was recorded during and after immunosuppressive treatment of pigs infected withE. suis. Cytotoxic activity of NK cells was consistently reduced after two CY injections and further decreased to 70–100% of the initial NK‐mediated tumor cell lysis. NAD‐PBML of twoE. suisinfected animals were monitored for cytotoxicity during CY immunosuppressive treatment and were compared to Percoll density separated NK effector cells derived from the same blood sample. Enhancement of NK‐cell activity by density separation of NAD‐PBML was not longer possible on days 3 and 4 during CY treatment, indicating a decrease of NK cells in peripheral blood.In vitro, only a high dose of CY (4 μg/ml) suppressed cytolytic activity of NAD‐PBML.Short‐term treatment with immunosuppressive agents did not replace splenectomy in inducing clinically apparent eperythrozoonosis.
Untersuchungen zum Antikörperstatus von Wild‐ und Zoovögeln gegen ausgewählte Nutztier‐relevante Erreger
Authors: Ziedler K. , Hlinak A. , Raetz G. , Werner O. , Ebner D. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySerum samples from wild birds of 21 species were investigated for antibodies against a broad range of pathogenic microorganisms. Using routine diagnostic methods, antibodies against a choice of relevant viral and bacterial agents were detected.The epidemiology and the significance of infections in both wild birds and farm poultry are discussed.ZusammenfassungSerumproben von Wildvögeln aus 21 Arten wurden auf Antikörper gegen eine Pallete aviärer pathogener Mikroorganismen untersucht. Mittels Methoden aus der Routinediagnostik konnten im Probenmaterial Antikörper gegen eine Auswahl von relevanten viralen und bakteriellen Erregern nachgewiesen werden. Die epidemiologischen Zusammenhänge und die Bedeutung der Infektionen der Wildvögel für das Wirtschaftsgeflügel wird diskutiert.