bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological Analysis of Retinal Organoid Development Using 3D Microelectrodes of Liquid Metals
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Chung Won Gi , Jeong Han , Cui Gang , Kim Enji , Lim Jeong Ah , Seo Hunkyu , Kwon Yong Won , Byeon Suk Ho , Lee Junwon , Park Jang‐Ung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite of the substantial potential of human‐derived retinal organoids, the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during maturation limits their utility in assessing the functionality of later‐born retinal cell subtypes. Additionally, conventional analyses primarily rely on fluorescent emissions, which limits the detection of actual cell functionality while risking damage to the 3D cytoarchitecture of organoids. Here, an electrophysiological analysis is presented to monitor RGC development in early to mid‐stage retinal organoids, and compare distinct features with fully‐mature mouse retina. This approach utilizes high‐resolution 3D printing of liquid‐metal microelectrodes, enabling precise targeting of specific inner retinal layers within organoids. The adaptable distribution and softness of these microelectrodes facilitate the spatiotemporal recording of inner retinal signals. This study not only demonstrates the functional properties of RGCs in retinal organoid development but also provides insights into their synaptic connectivity, reminiscent of fetal native retinas. Further comparison with fully‐mature mouse retina in vivo verifies the organoid features, highlighting the potential of early‐stage retinal organoids in biomedical research.
Functional Covalent Organic Frameworks’ Microspheres Synthesized by Self‐Limited Dynamic Linker Exchange for Stationary Phases
Authors: Xu Jiabi , Feng Guangyuan , Ao Dana , Li Xiaojuan , Li Mengqian , Lei Shengbin , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSynthesizing uniform functional covalent organic framework (COF) microspheres is the prerequisite of applying COFs as novel stationary phases for liquid chromatography. However, the synthesis of functionalized COF microspheres is challenging due to the difficulty in maintaining microspheric morphology when conferring functions. Here, a facile and universal “self‐limited dynamic linker exchange” strategy is developed to achieve surface functionalization of uniform COF microspheres. Six different types of COF microspheres are constructed, showing the universality and superiority of the strategy. The library of COF microspheres’ stationary phases can be further enriched on demand by varying different functional building blocks. The “self‐limited dynamic linker exchange” is attributed to the result of a delicate balance of reaction thermodynamics and molecular diffusion energy barrier. As a demonstration, the chiral functional COF microspheres are used as stationary phases of chiral chromatography and realized effective enantioseparation.
The Opto‐Ionic Voltage Effect Soft Triode: An Optical‐To‐Ionic Signal Converter
Authors: Mohamed Elalyaa , Marlow Frank 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA novel opto‐ionic device based on the recently reported Ionic Voltage Effect Soft Triode (IVEST) is introduced. This device can convert optical to ionic signals as it is shown here. The characterization of the opto‐IVEST points to an optically induced charging mechanism and to various potential applications. The opto‐IVEST shows the ability to detect and memorize optical signals. Furthermore, the device exhibits learning behavior and a hybrid logic gate function.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Regulates Immune Microenvironment and Neurological Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury Through MYCBP2 Delivery via Neuronal Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Rong Yuluo , Wang Jiaxing , Hu Tao , Shi Zhongming , Lang Chuandong , Liu Wei , Cai Weihua , Sun Yongjin , Zhang Feng , Zhang Wenzhi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological condition that frequently leads to significant sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction. This study sought to delineate the potential mechanistic underpinnings of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from ginsenoside Rg1‐pretreated neuronal cells (Rg1‐EVs) in ameliorating SCI. These results demonstrated that treatment with Rg1‐EVs substantially improved motor function in spinal cord‐injured mice. Rg1‐EVs enhance microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype and repressed oxidative stress, thereby altering immune responses and decreasing inflammatory cytokine secretion. Moreover, Rg1‐EVs substantially diminish reactive oxygen species accumulation and enhanced neural tissue repair by regulating mitochondrial function. Proteomic profiling highlighted a significant enrichment of MYCBP2 in Rg1‐EVs, and functional assays confirmed that MYCBP2 knockdown counteracted the beneficial effects of Rg1‐EVs in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MYCBP2 is implicated in the ubiquitination and degradation of S100A9, thereby promoting microglial M2‐phenotype polarization and reducing oxidative stress. Overall, these findings substantiated the pivotal role of Rg1‐EVs in neuronal protection and functional recovery following SCI through MYCBP2‐mediated ubiquitination of S100A9. This research offers novel mechanistic insights into therapeutic strategies against SCI and supports the clinical potential of Rg1‐EVs.
Eliminating Resistance–Capacitance Coupling Shielding for Depicting the Defect Landscape in Perovskite Solar Cells by Capacitance Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Biao , Zhang Daoyong , Ni Zhenyi , Hang Pengjie , Yao Yuxin , Kan Chenxia , Yu Xuegong , Yang Deren 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCapacitance spectroscopy techniques have been widely utilized to evaluate the defect properties in perovskites, which contribute to the efficiency and operation stability development for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Yet the interplay between the charge transporting layer (CTL) and the perovskite on the capacitance spectroscopy results is still unclear. Here, they show that a pseudo‐trap‐state capacitance signal is generated in thermal admittance spectroscopy (TAS) due to the enhanced resistance capacitance (RC) coupling caused by the carrier freeze‐out of the CTL in PSCs, which could be discerned from the actual defect‐induced trap state capacitance signal by tuning the series resistance of PSCs. By eliminating the RC coupling shielding effect on the defect‐induced capacitance spectroscopy, it is obtain the actual defect density which is 4‐folds lower than the pseudo‐trap density, and the spatial distribution of defects in PSCs which reveals that the commonly adopted interface passivators can passivate the defects about 60 nm away from the decorated surface. It is further revealed that phenethylammonium ions (PEA+) possess a better passivation capability over octylammonium ions (OA+) due to the deeper passivation depth for PEA+ on the surface defects in perovskite films.
Methylammonium‐Free Ink for Low‐Temperature Crystallization of α‐FAPbI3 Perovskite
Authors: Hou Tian , Zhang Meng , Sun Xiaoran , Wang Yihao , Chen Kaipeng , Fu Zhipeng , He Mingrui , Liu Xu , Liu Ziheng , Huang Yuelong , Green Martin A. , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFormamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite without methylammonium and/or Cs cations is considered the most promising candidate for perovskite photovoltaics. However, the crystallization of photoactive α‐FAPbI3 requires high‐temperature annealing (≥150 °C) and a controlled humidity environment when methylammonium‐containing additives are absent. A methylammonium‐free ink is reported that enables low‐temperature (≤80 °C) crystallization of photoactive α‐FAPbI3 films, while also demonstrating compatibility with blade‐coating large‐area films in ambient air. The synergistical effects of methylphenyl sulfoxide and PbCl2 facilitate the formation of an intermediate phase of nanoscale‐disordered δ‐FAPbI3, which dramatically reduces the crystallization temperature of α‐FAPbI3 down to 80 °C and even below. The 80 °C crystalized α‐FAPbI3 exhibits reduced strain and improved uniformity compared to high‐temperature annealed counterparts. The synthesized ink and the corresponding intermediate precursor film are also found remarkably stable, allowing open‐air processing without the need for humidity control. Highly efficient n–i–p structured α‐FAPbI3 minimodules can be fabricated under an ambient environment RH 50% with the ink at 80 °C, achieving a power conversion efficiency of up to 22.4%. The discovery of the low‐temperature FAPbI3 ink paves a new avenue for printing perovskite solar cells and associated optoelectronic applications, accelerating the commercialization progress of perovskite materials.
The impact of family‐genetic risk scores on social functioning in individuals affected with six major psychiatric and substance use disorders in a Swedish National Sample
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo examine whether the level of genetic risk in psychiatric disorders impacts the social functioning of affected individuals, we examine the relationship between genetic risk factors for major depression (MD), anxiety disorders (AD), bipolar disorder (BD), non‐affective psychosis (NAP), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorder (DUD) in disordered individuals and five adverse social outcomes: unemployment, residence in areas of social deprivation, social welfare, early retirement, and divorce. We examine all cases with registration for these disorders from 1995 to 2015 in individuals born in Sweden. Genetic risk was assessed by the family genetic risk score (FGRS) and statistical estimates by Cox proportional hazard models. High genetic risk was significantly and modestly associated with poorer social outcomes in 23 of 30 analyses. Overall, genetic risk for MD, AD, AUD, and DUD impacted social functioning more strongly in affected individuals than did genetic risk for BD and NAP. Social welfare had the strongest associations with genetic risk, and residence in areas of high deprivation had the weakest. In individuals suffering from psychiatric and substance use disorders, high levels of genetic risk impact not only clinical features but also diverse measures of social functioning.
Sequentially Regulating Potential‐Determining Step for Lowering CO2 Electroreduction Overpotential over Te‐Doped Bi Nanotips
Authors: Li Youzeng , Li Jinhan , Ai Wei , Chen Jialei , Lu Tiantian , Liao Xuelong , Wang Wei , Huang Rong , Chen Zhuo , Wu Jinxiong , Cheng Fangyi , Wang Huan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into formate is recognized an economically‐viable route to upgrade CO2, but requires high overpotential to realize the high selectivity owing to high energy barrier for driving the involved proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes and serious ignorance of the second PCET. Herein, we surmount the challenge through sequential regulation of the potential‐determining step (PDS) over Te‐doped Bi (TeBi) nanotips. Computational studies unravel the incorporation of Te heteroatoms alters the PDS from the first PCET to the second one by substantially lowering the formation barrier for *OCHO intermediate, and the high‐curvature nanotips induce enhanced electric field that can steer the formation of asymmetric *HCOOH. In this scenario, the thermodynamic barrier for *OCHO and *HCOOH can be sequentially decreased, thus enabling a high formate selectivity at low overpotential. Experimentally, distinct TeBi nanostructures are obtained via controlling Te content in the precursor and TeBi nanotips achieve >90 % of Faradaic efficiency for formate production over a comparatively positive potential window (−0.57 V to −1.08 V). The strong Bi−Te covalent bonds also afford a robust stability. In an optimized membrane electrode assembly device, the formate production rate at 3.2 V reaches 10.1 mmol h−1 cm−2, demonstrating great potential for practical application.
π‐Diamond: A Diamondoid Superstructure Driven by π‐Interactions
Authors: Liang Kejiang , Liang Yimin , Tang Min , Liu Jiali , Tang Zheng‐Bin , Liu Zhichang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModulating the arrangement of superstructures through noncovalent interactions has a significant impact on macroscopic shape and the expression of unique properties. Constructing π‐interaction‐driven hierarchical three‐dimensional (3D) superstructures poses challenges on account of limited directional control and weak intermolecular interactions. Here we report the construction of a 3D diamondoid superstructure, named π‐Diamond, employing a ditopic strained Z‐shaped building block comprising a porphyrin unit as bow‐limb double‐strapped with two m‐xylylene units as bowstrings. This superstructure, reminiscent of diamond's tetrahedral carbon composition, is composed of double‐walled tetrahedron (DWT) driven solely by π‐interactions. Hetero‐π‐stacking interactions between porphyrin and m‐xylylene panels drive the assembly of four building blocks predominantly into a DWT, which undergoes extension to create an adamantane unit and eventually a diamondoid superstructure wherein each porphyrin panel is shared by two neighboring tetrahedra through hetero‐π‐stacking. π‐Diamond exhibits a solid‐state fluorescent quantum yield 44 times higher than that of tetraphenylporphyrin along with excellent photocatalytic performance. The precise 3D directionality of π‐interactions, achieved through strained multipanel building blocks, revolutionizes the assembly of hierarchical 3D superstructures driven by π‐interactions.
Trace Fluorinated Carbon Dots Driven Li‐Garnet Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Zhu Fangjun , Xu Laiqiang , Hu Xinyu , Yang Mushi , Liu Huaxin , Gan Chaolun , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGarnet solid‐state electrolyte Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) holds significant promise. However, the practical utilization has been seriously impeded by the poor contact of Li|garnet and electron leakage. Herein, one new type of garnet‐based solid‐state battery is proposed with high performance through the disparity in interfacial energy, induced by the reaction between trace fluorinated carbon dots (FCDs) and Li. The work of adhesion of Li|garnet is increased by the acquired Li‐FCD composite, which facilitates an intimate Li|garnet interface with the promoted uniform Li+ deposition, revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is further validated that a concentrated C−Li2O−LiF component at the Li|garnet interface is spontaneously constructed, due to the significant disparity in interfacial energy between C−Li2O−LiF|LLZTO and C−Li2O−LiF|Li. Furthermore, The electron transport and Li dendrites penetration are effectively hindered by the formed Li2O and LiF. The Li‐FCD|LLZTO|Li‐FCD symmetrical cells demonstrate stable cycling performance for over 3000 hours at 0.3 mA cm−2 and 800 hours at 0.5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the LFP|garnet|Li‐FCD full cell exhibits remarkable cycling performance (91.6 % capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 C). Our research has revealed a novel approach to establish a dendrite‐free Li|garnet interface, laying the groundwork for future advancements in garnet‐based solid‐state batteries.
Depolymerization of Native Lignin over Thiol Capped Ultrathin ZnIn2S4 Microbelts Mediated by Photogenerated Thiyl Radical
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Li Yaxin , Liu Hurunqing , Ding Zhengxin , Yuan Rusheng , Li Zhaohui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe valorization of native lignin to functionalized aromatic compounds under visible light is appealing yet challenging. In this communication, colloidal mercaptoalkanoic acid capped ultrathin ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) microbelts was successfully fabricated, which was used as a superior catalyst for depolymerization of native lignin in birch woodmeal under visible light, with an optimum yield of 28.8 wt % to functionalized aromatic monomers achieved in 8 h. The capped mercaptoalkanoic acid not only enables a solvent modulated reversible interchange of ZIS between the colloidal state for efficient reaction and the aggregated state for facile separation, but also serves as a precursor for light initiated generation of reactive thiyl radical for highly selective cleavage of β‐O‐4 bond in native lignin. This work provides a green and efficient strategy for the depolymerization of native lignin to functionalized aromatic monomers under mild conditions, which involves a new mechanism for the cleavage of β‐O‐4 bonds in native lignin. The capability of cleavage of β‐O‐4 bonds in native lignin by photogenerated thiyl radicals also demonstrates the great potential of using photogenerated thiyl radicals in organics transformations.
Improved decolorization of MB using CeCoO3/PbS heterojunction as a superior‐excellent photocatalyst
Authors: Marefatyan Farshad , Ghobadifard Mahdieh , Mohebbi Sajjad 
Published: June 2024

Developing effective and inexpensive photocatalysts is considered a helpful approach to pollution degradation. Herein, CeCoO3/PbS photocatalyst was synthesized via the hydrothermal procedure and described by XRD, IR, SEM, EDS, PL, and DRS analyses. The results revealed the deposition of PbS on the CeCoO3 surface, as illustrated by the FE‐SEM images. The influence of photocatalyst dosage, temperature, electron acceptor, and pH toward the decolorization of MB under the irradiation of a UV lamp was considered. By CeCoO3/PbS photocatalyst, the conversion percentage achieved 98% within 10 min, around two times more than pure CeCoO3 and PbS. According to the experimental and calculated results, the Type‐II heterojunction formation was observed, which boosted the photoactivity of CeCoO3/PbS by its higher charge separation rate compared with perovskite and PbS and the stronger redox capability of charges. In addition, CeCoO3/PbS nanocomposites have impressive stability and efficiency after five cycles of experiments. Consequently, the coupling of CeCoO3 with PbS provides a favorable pathway to remove contamination.
Enhanced permeability and antifouling properties of carboxylated polysulfone/quaternized polyimide blend ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yin Li , Chen Pan , Wang Siyu , Zhao Xiaogang , Chen Chunhai , Zhou Hongwei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe intricate interplay between chemical composition and the incorporation of functional fillers plays a pivotal role in shaping the structural attributes and separation efficacy of mixed matrix ultrafiltration membranes. In this work, we report the utilization of a novel organic filler of hydrophilic modified polyimide particles (PI‐SO3) for the first time in the preparation of mixed matrix ultrafiltration membranes. A series of ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated using polysulfone as the matrix material and PI‐SO3 as the additive. The addition of PI‐SO3 to the mixed matrix membrane effectively enhanced both water flux and antifouling ability. The ultrafiltration membrane with 0.2% particle content exhibited the highest pure water flux at 535.5 L h−1 m−2, owing to the synergistic regulation of pore structures and surface hydrophilicity. The ultrafiltration membrane with 0.5% PI‐SO3 particles demonstrated the highest flux recovery rate at 76.8%, attributed to the superior hydrophilicity displayed by the added particles within the ultrafiltration membrane. The increased particles content correlated with improved hydrophilicity on the membrane surface, resulting in enhanced antifouling performance. The hydrophilic modified particles effectively regulated pore structures, surface hydrophilicity, and surface charge, ultimately enhancing the performance of mixed matrix ultrafiltration membranes for wastewater purification. Therefore, the use of modified polyimide particles as fillers introduces an innovative method to economically enhance ultrafiltration membranes, providing a potential solution to mitigate the economic costs associated with trade‐off effects during the modification process.
Site occupancy and tunable luminescence of Eu2+ and Eu3+ coactivated KCaY (PO4)2:Eu phosphors
Authors: Chen Wanping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUtilizing the structure characteristic of KCaY (PO4)2 crystal, the site distribution of Eu2+ in KCaY (PO4)2:Eu phosphor coactivated with Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions is tuned. Upon 393‐nm excitation, the as‐prepared phosphor exhibits a broadband emission of Eu2+ peaked at ~ 475 nm and a typical red emission of Eu3+ with a strong 5D0–7F1 emission at ~ 591 nm. The luminescence color of the phosphor can be adjusted from blue to green, white, yellow, and red. The increasing concentration of Sr2+ and Eu2+ results in a blue shifting of Eu2+ emission. The increasing concentration of Eu3+ results in a red shifting of Eu2+ emission and an enhanced red emission of Eu3+. The luminescence behaviors of the phosphors are analyzed in terms of the site distribution of Eu2+ and Eu3+. A single‐phase white light emitting was achieved in KCaY (PO4)2:Eu phosphor upon UV and NUV light excitation, indicating that the phosphor has potential application in white lighting.
Engineering of the start condensation domain with improved N‐decanoyl catalytic activity for daptomycin biosynthesis
Authors: Fan Wenjie , Hu Lyubin , Yang Yu , Liu Panpan , Feng Yan , Gu Ruo‐Xu , Liu Qian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDaptomycin, a lipopeptide comprising an N‐decanoyl fatty acyl chain and a peptide core, is used clinically as an antimicrobial agent. The start condensation domain (dptC1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the lipoinitiation step of the daptomycin synthesis. In this study, we integrated enzymology, protein engineering, and computer simulation to study the substrate selectivity of the start condensation domain (dptC1) and to screen mutants with improved activity for decanoyl loading. Through molecular docking and computer simulation, the fatty acyl substrate channel and the protein–protein interaction interface of dptC1 are analyzed. Key residues at the protein–protein interface between dptC1 and the acyl carrier were mutated, and a single‐point mutant showed more than three‐folds improved catalytic efficiency of the target n‐decanoyl substrate in comparing with the wild type. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations suggested that mutants with increased catalytic activity may correlated with a more “open” and contracted substrate binding channel. Our work provides a new perspective for the elucidation of lipopeptide natural products biosynthesis, and also provides new resources to enrich its diversity and optimize the production of important components.
Bioeconomic innovations breeding more sustainable innovations: A value chain perspective from Argentina
Authors: Dürr Jochen , Sili Marcelo , Mac Clay Pablo , Sellare Jorge 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInnovations are crucial for the transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. They are embedded in and linked to complex value chains, but these interrelationships have not received much attention in the empirical literature yet. Using current typologies of four bioeconomic innovation types and six value chain models, this case study analyzes detailed data from 11 companies in Argentina to identify the drivers of sustainable innovations, their linkage to different value chain characteristics, and the main innovation types. The results show that certain factors such as supply and demand, interindustry cooperation and R&D, diversification strategies, personal values and the search for sustainable solutions particularly shape certain types of innovation. The structure and governance of the value chains influence the type of sustainable innovation. Innovations take place at different levels, and in succession, they complement each other and can thus make the bioeconomy more sustainable. Therefore, appropriate policies to promote the bioeconomy in Argentina and beyond should consider the type of value chains and specific innovation systems involved.