bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Aesthetic ‘Space’ for Inter-religious Encounter
Authors: Cheetham David 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis exploratory paper sets out to engage in some preliminary considerations concerning aesthetics and the meeting of religions. Underlying some of the thinking in this paper is the debatable assumption that there can be a recognizable difference between religious and aesthetic kinds of experience. Thus, the arts might be able to create ‘worlds’ which are easier for those with religious commitments to enter than explicitly religious territories. Moreover, we can perhaps use aesthetics as a loose category (without theoretical elaboration) in order to find areas of enjoyable inter-religious aesthetic conversation. That is, there is just a ‘given-ness’ or ‘abundance’ about art and beauty that allows us to simply enjoy our experience of it and share it with others.
The Intellectual Property Rights Regime and the Changing Structure of Scientific Research in India: Lessons from the Developing World
Authors: Mallick Sambit 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the actual and potential impacts on developing countries such as India and the global trend towards a stronger protection of intellectual property rights, and captures the changing scientific practices, cognitive and political, in the wake of this new institutional regime. It briefly discusses the organization of scientific research in post-colonial India and then reflects on the shifts in the nature and scope of scientific research in India and the associated practices that are contingent upon the WTO provisions on the IPRs, as illustrative of the new scenario that is emerging in regard to the participation of developing countries in international collaborative research in the areas of science and technology. The scientific community in India is confronted with the dialectic of resistance and accommodation under the stringent norms of IPRs regime.
Survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a reappraisal of the NIH risk stratification equation
Authors: Thenappan T. , Shah S. J. , Rich S. , Tian L. , Archer S. L. , Gomberg-Maitland M. 
Published: December 2009

The aim of the present study was to determine contemporary survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and to investigate whether or not the National Institutes of Health (NIH) equation remains an accurate predictor of survival.In 576 patients with PAH referred during 1991–2007, observed survival was described using the Kaplan–Meier method. In patients with idiopathic, familial and anorexigen-associated PAH (n = 247), observedversusNIH equation predicted survival was compared. A new survival prediction equation was developed using exponential regression analysis.The observed 1-, 3- and 5-yr survival in the total cohort were 86, 69 and 61%, respectively. In patients with idiopathic, familial and anorexigen-associated PAH, the observed 1-, 3- and 5-yr survival (92, 75 and 66%, respectively) were significantly higher than the predicted survival (65, 43 and 32%, respectively). The new equation (P(t) = e-A(x,y,z)t, where P(t) is probability of survival,tthe time interval in years, A(x,y,z) = e(−1.270–0.0148x+0.0402y–0.361z),xthe mean pulmonary artery pressure,ythe mean right atrial pressure andzthe cardiac index) performed well when applied to published contemporary studies of survival in PAH.Contemporary survival in the PAH cohort was better than that predicted by the NIH registry equation. The NIH equation underestimated survival in idiopathic, familial and anorexigen-associated PAH. Once prospectively validated, the new equation may be used to determine prognosis.
Gas cooking is associated with small reductions in lung function in children
Authors: Moshammer H. , Fletcher T. , Heinrich J. , Hoek G. , Hruba F. , Pattenden S. , Rudnai P. , Slachtova H. , Speizer F.E. , Zlotkowska R. , Neuberger M. 
Published: December 2009

Inconsistent effects of gas cooking on lung function have been reported. In a previous study from Austria, we demonstrated a significant, though small, reduction of lung function parameters in children living in homes with gas stoves. We used a larger international database to check if this finding can be generalised.To study the relative impact of cooking with gas on lung function parameters of primary school children in a wide range of geographical settings, we analysed flow and volume data of ∼24,000 children (aged 6–12 yrs) from nine countries in Europe and North America.Exposure information was obtained by comparable questionnaires and spirometry according to an American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society protocol. Linear regressions were used, controlling for individual risk factors and study area. Heterogeneity between study-specific results and mean effects were estimated using meta-analytical tools.On average, gas cooking reduced lung function parameters. Overall effects were small (-0.1–0.7%) and only significant for forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s. There was some indication that allergic children were more affected by gas cooking.Under current housing conditions, gas cooking is associated with only small reductions in lung function.
c-ANCA-induced neutrophil-mediated lung injury: a model of acute Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Hattar K. , Oppermann S. , Ankele C. , Weissmann N. , Schermuly R.T. , Bohle R.M. , Moritz R. , Krögel B. , Seeger W. , Grimminger F. , Sibelius U. , Grandel U. 
Published: December 2009

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA) targeting proteinase 3 (PR3) are implicated in the pathogenesis of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Fulminant disease can present as acute lung injury (ALI).In this study, a model of ALI in WG was developed using isolated rat lungs. Isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were primed with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) to induce surface expression of PR3.Co-perfusion of TNF-primed neutrophils and monoclonal anti-PR3 antibodies induced a massive weight gain in isolated lungs. This effect was not observed when control immunoglobulin G was co-perfused with TNF-primed PMNs. The c-ANCA-induced oedema formation was paralleled by an increase in the capillary filtration coefficient as a marker of increased pulmonary endothelial permeability. In contrast, pulmonary artery pressure was not affected. In the presence of the oxygen radical scavenger superoxide dismutase and a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, c-ANCA-induced lung oedema could be prevented. Inhibition of neutrophil elastase was equally effective in preventing c-ANCA-induced lung injury.In conclusion, anti-PR3 antibodies induced neutrophil mediated, elastase- and oxygen radical-dependent ALI in the isolated lung. This experimental model supports the hypothesis of a pathogenic role for c-ANCA in WG and offers the possibility of the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of lung injury in fulminant WG.
17q21 variants modify the association between early respiratory infections and asthma
Authors: Smit L.A.M. , Bouzigon E. , Pin I. , Siroux V. , Monier F. , Aschard H. , Bousquet J. , Gormand F. , Just J. , Le Moual N. , Nadif R. , Scheinmann P. , Vervloet D. , Lathrop M. , Demenais F. , Kauffmann F. 
Published: December 2009

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at chromosome 17q21 confer an increased risk of early-onset asthma. The objective was to study whether 17q21 SNPs modify associations between early respiratory infections and asthma.Association analysis was conducted in 499 children (268 with asthma, median age 11 yrs) from the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA). The 12-yr follow-up data were used to assess persistent or remittent asthma in young adulthood. Respiratory infection before 2 yrs of age was assessed retrospectively.For the 12 17q21 SNPs studied, the odds ratios (OR) for association between infection and early-onset asthma (age at onset ≤4 yrs) were higher in carriers of risk genotypes (OR 3.42–6.36) than in noncarriers (OR 1.84–2.44; p-value for interaction 0.02–0.04 for five SNPs). Risk genotypes also increased the association between infection and childhood asthma that remits in adulthood (OR 4.84–7.16 in carriers and 1.74–2.25 in noncarriers; p-value for interaction 0.008–0.05 for 10 SNPs). In children with 17q21 risk genotypes and early-life environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, associations between infection and asthma were further enhanced.17q21 genetic variants and early ETS exposure enhance the association between early respiratory infections and early-onset asthma and childhood asthma that remits in adulthood.
Effect of initiation-inhibition and handedness on the patterns of the P50 event-related potential component: a low resolution electromagnetic tomography study
Authors: Beratis Ion N , Rabavilas Andreas , Nanou Eleni D , Hountala Chrissanthi , Maganioti Argiro E , Capsalis Christos N , Papadimitriou George N , Papageorgiou Charalabos 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
Recent research recognizes the association between handedness, linguistic processes and cerebral networks subserving executive functioning, but the nature of this association remains unclear. Since the P50 event related potential (ERP) is considered to reflect thalamocortical processes in association with working memory (WM) operation the present study focuses on P50 patterns elicited during the performance of a linguistic related executive functioning test in right- and left-handers.

Methods
In 64 young adults with a high educational level (33 left-handed) the P50 event-related potential was recorded while performing the initiation and inhibition condition of a modified version of the Hayling Sentence Completion test adjusted to induce WM. The manual preference of the participants was evaluated with the use of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI).

Results
P50 showed greater amplitudes in left- than in right-handers, mainly in frontal leads, in the initiation condition. Reduced amplitudes in inhibition compared to initiation condition were observed in left-handers. Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) analysis showed lower frontal lobe activation in the inhibition than in the initiation condition in both right- and left-handers. Also, LORETA yielded that right-handers exhibited greater activation in the inhibition condition than left-handers. Additionally, LORETA showed assymetrical hemispheric activation patterns in right-handers, in contrast to symmetrical patterns observed in left-handers. Higher P50 amplitudes were recorded in right-hemisphere of right-handers in the initiation condition.

Conclusion
Brain activation, especially the one closely related to thalamocortical function, elicited during WM operation involving initiation and inhibition processes appears to be related to handedness.
Psychopathy, expert testimony, and indeterminate sentences: Exploring the relationship between Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised testimony and trial outcome in Canada
Authors: Lloyd Caleb D. , Clark Heather J. , Forth Adelle E. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose. Psychopathy, as measured by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R), has the potential to inform judges attempting to preventatively detain Canada's highest risk offenders. However, studies examining the stigma of the psychopathy label give reason to exercise caution when expert witnesses introduce PCL‐R scores into their testimony.Methods. Judges' written or oral judgments were gathered from a publically available database in Canada. Dangerous offender hearings (N = 136) were examined to determine how factors within expert witness testimony were related to sentences of indeterminate or determinate length.Results. Results show a trend for PCL‐R scores to be related to trial outcome. Specifically, psychopathy diagnoses were correlated to experts' ratings of treatment amenability which were in turn related to trial outcome. In addition, experts tended to show partisan allegiance in the way they scored offenders on the PCL‐R.Conclusion. Discussion advocates a measure of caution when using PCL‐R testimony in an adversarial court context. Further research clarifying the role psychopathy plays in court decisions is also encouraged.
The Application of Expected-Utility Theory to the Choice of Investment Channels in a Defined-Contribution Retirement Fund
Authors: Levitan Shaun , Thomson Robert 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study examines the practical application of a system for the derivation of member utility functions for the purpose of recommending investment-channel choice to members of a defined-contribution retirement fund. The utility functions of post-retirement benefits from members of a defined-contribution fund are elicited. The risk aversion of each member is measured and the results are compared with a standard risk-tolerance assessment method.
Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Anderson Ryan J. , Gott Britt M. , Sayuk Gregory S. , Freedland Kenneth E. , Lustman Patrick J. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
Initial treatment with antidepressant medication is insufficiently effective in some patients with type 2 diabetes, and factors predicting treatment outcome are poorly understood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Aggregate data from two published trials were analyzed to determine the rates and predictors of response to antidepressant pharmacotherapy in adults with type 2 diabetes using conventional markers of initial treatment outcome (improvement, response, partial remission, and remission). Three hundred eighty-seven patients who received up to 16 weeks of open-label, acute-phase treatment using bupropion (n = 93) or sertraline (n = 294) were studied. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of poor treatment outcome. Candidate predictors included age, race, sex, initial Beck Depression Inventory (iBDI) score, treatment received (sertraline or bupropion), family history of depression, extant diabetes complications (eDC), and A1C level.

RESULTS
Of 387 patients initiated on treatment, 330 (85.3%) met criteria for improvement, 232 (59.9%) for response, 207 (53.5%) for partial remission, and 179 (46.3%) for full remission. Significant independent predictors of poor outcome included eDC (for no improvement); sertraline treatment, eDC, and younger age (for nonresponse); sertraline treatment, eDC, and higher iBDI (for failure to partially remit); and younger age and higher iBDI (for failure to fully remit). Higher pain scores predicted three of the four markers of poor outcome in the subset with pain data.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with type 2 diabetes, poor initial response to antidepressant medication is predicted by multiple factors. Auxiliary treatment of pain and impairment may be required to achieve better outcomes.
Trends of Earlier and Later Responses of C-peptide to Oral Glucose Challenges With Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Participants
Authors: Sosenko Jay M. , Palmer Jerry P. , Rafkin Lisa E. , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Cuthbertson David , Greenbaum Carla J. , Eisenbarth George , Skyler Jay S. ,   Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Study Group
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
We studied the C-peptide response to oral glucose with progression to type 1 diabetes in Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) participants.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among 504 DPT-1 participants &lt;15 years of age, longitudinal analyses were performed in 36 progressors and 80 nonprogressors. Progressors had oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) at baseline and every 6 months from 2.0 to 0.5 years before diagnosis; nonprogressors had OGTTs over similar intervals before their last visit. Sixty-six progressors and 192 nonprogressors were also studied proximal to and at diagnosis.

RESULTS
The 30–0 min C-peptide difference from OGTTs performed 2.0 years before diagnosis in progressors was lower than the 30–0 min C-peptide difference from OGTTs performed 2.0 years before the last visit in nonprogressors (P &lt; 0.01) and remained lower over time. The 90–60 min C-peptide difference was positive at every OGTT before diagnosis in progressors, whereas it was negative at every OGTT before the last visit in nonprogressors (P &lt; 0.01 at 2.0 years). The percentage whose peak C-peptide occurred at 120 min was higher in progressors at 2.0 years (P &lt; 0.05); this persisted over time (P &lt; 0.001 at 0.5 years). However, the peak C-peptide levels were only significantly lower at 0.5 years in progressors (P &lt; 0.01). The timing of the peak C-peptide predicted type 1 diabetes (P &lt; 0.001); peak C-peptide levels were less predictive (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
A decreased early C-peptide response to oral glucose and an increased later response occur at least 2 years before the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.
A multi‐year study of sea breezes in a Mediterranean coastal site: Alicante (Spain)
Authors: Azorin‐Molina Cesar , Chen Deliang , Tijm Sander , Baldi Marina 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUsing 6‐year data collected in a high‐resolution network of 19 stations in the province of Alicante (Spain), the characteristics of sea breezes for the period 2000–2005 were studied. This study attempts to develop a multi‐year climatology of sea breeze flows focusing on a Western Mediterranean coastal site. We used half‐hourly meteorological records from a reference station in Alicante and sea surface temperature measurements at Albufereta beach to identify past sea breeze episodes, on the basis of an objective selection technique. A total of 475 sea breeze events during the 6‐year period were identified and the following parameters were determined: mean time of onset, mean wind speed and direction at the time of onset, mean time of cessation, mean temporal dimension (duration), mean maximum velocity, mean time of maximum velocity and mean wind path of the sea breeze. The mean onset and cessation times are 0940 UTC and 2009 UTC (local standard time = UTC + 0100 h, or + 0200 h with daylight‐saving time), respectively, with a mean duration of 1029 h. The mean wind speed at the time of the passage of sea breeze fronts is low (2.07 m s−1), but sea breeze gust intensities range from 3.6 to 11.6 m s−1 and they generally occur during 1200–1300 UTC. Southerly and southeasterly onset flows dominate in winter, whereas more easterly onsets occur in spring and summer. The mean inland directed wind path of the sea breezes is 97.7 km with noteworthy differences throughout the year; a case study showed onshore wind peaks of 11.1 m s−1, 50‐km inland of the Vinalopó river valley in the late afternoon. The spatial and temporal change in wind speed and direction were also analysed, using multi‐year wind hodographs for the 19 stations and eight well‐defined synoptic patterns favouring the development of sea breezes. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
On robust control algorithms for nonlinear network consensus protocols
Authors: Hui Qing , Haddad Wassim M. , Bhat Sanjay P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEven though many consensus protocol algorithms have been developed over the last several years in the literature, robustness properties of these algorithms involving nonlinear dynamics have been largely ignored. Robustness here refers to sensitivity of the control algorithm achieving semistability and consensus in the face of model uncertainty. In this paper, we examine the robustness of several control algorithms for network consensus protocols with information model uncertainty of a specified structure. In particular, we develop sufficient conditions for robust stability of control protocol functions involving higher‐order perturbation terms that scale in a consistent fashion with respect to a scaling operation on an underlying space with the additional property that the protocol functions can be written as a sum of functions, each homogeneous with respect to a fixed scaling operation, that retain system semistability and consensus. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron Probe Microanalysis of Thin Films and Multilayers Using the Computer Program XFILM
Authors: Llovet Xavier , Merlet Claude 
Published: December 2009

AbstractXFILM is a computer program for determining the thickness and composition of thin films on substrates and multilayers by electron probe microanalysis. In this study, we describe the X-ray emission model implemented in the latest version of XFILM and assess its reliability by comparing measured and calculated k-ratios from thin-film samples available in the literature. We present and discuss examples of applications of XFILM that illustrate the capabilities of the program.
Carbohydrate-like composition of submicron atmospheric particles and their production from ocean bubble bursting
Authors: Russell Lynn M. , Hawkins Lelia N. , Frossard Amanda A. , Quinn Patricia K. , Bates Tim S. 
Published: December 2009

Oceans cover over two-thirds of the Earth’s surface, and the particles emitted to the atmosphere by waves breaking on sea surfaces provide an important contribution to the planetary albedo. During the International Chemistry Experiment in the Arctic LOwer Troposphere (ICEALOT) cruise on the R/V
Knorr
in March and April of 2008, organic mass accounted for 15–47% of the submicron particle mass in the air masses sampled over the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. A majority of this organic component (0.1 - 0.4
μ
m
-3
) consisted of organic hydroxyl (including polyol and other alcohol) groups characteristic of saccharides, similar to biogenic carbohydrates found in seawater. The large fraction of organic hydroxyl groups measured during ICEALOT in submicron atmospheric aerosol exceeded those measured in most previous campaigns but were similar to particles in marine air masses in the open ocean (Southeast Pacific Ocean) and coastal sites at northern Alaska (Barrow) and northeastern North America (Appledore Island and Chebogue Point). The ocean-derived organic hydroxyl mass concentration during ICEALOT correlated strongly to submicron Na concentration and wind speed. The observed submicron particle ratios of marine organic mass to Na were enriched by factors of ∼10
2
–∼10
3
over reported sea surface organic to Na ratios, suggesting that the surface-controlled process of film bursting is influenced by the dissolved organic components present in the sea surface microlayer. Both marine organic components and Na increased with increasing number mean diameter of the accumulation mode, suggesting a possible link between organic components in the ocean surface and aerosol–cloud interactions.
The Korean alphabet
Authors: Lee Sang-Oak 
Published: December 2009

In the study of writing systems, there is an ongoing debate what qualifies an alphabet as featural. De Francis (1989) claims that Alexander Melville Bell’s Visible Speech (VS) is featural because Bell idealized the consistency of his VS’s C-shaped letters, which resemble the general shape of the consonants. But this consistency overwhelms the usefulness of the script. As a result, this consistent iconic alphabet ends up with many similar C-shapes that prove confusing. Therefore, it cannot be used as a universal phonetic writing system.	The topic of the present paper is the Korean alphabet called Hangeul (= Han’gul). Sproat (2000: 138) classifies Hangeul as “an intelligently constructed segmental alphabet.” Against this view I will argue that Hangeul is not just a segmental alphabet, but the optimal featural system; that is, more than a segmental system that comes close to being a featural system but one that intentionally avoids becoming completely featural by including considerations of practicability.