bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ripening-Regulated Susceptibility of Tomato Fruit toBotrytis cinereaRequiresNORBut NotRINor Ethylene
Authors: Cantu Dario , Blanco-Ulate Barbara , Yang Liya , Labavitch John M. , Bennett Alan B. , Powell Ann L.T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFruit ripening is a developmental process that is associated with increased susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Histochemical observations demonstrate that unripe tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit activate pathogen defense responses, but these responses are attenuated in ripe fruit infected by B. cinerea. Tomato fruit ripening is regulated independently and cooperatively by ethylene and transcription factors, including NON-RIPENING (NOR) and RIPENING-INHIBITOR (RIN). Mutations in NOR or RIN or interference with ethylene perception prevent fruit from ripening and, thereby, would be expected to influence susceptibility. We show, however, that the susceptibility of ripe fruit is dependent on NOR but not on RIN and only partially on ethylene perception, leading to the conclusion that not all of the pathways and events that constitute ripening render fruit susceptible. Additionally, on unripe fruit, B. cinerea induces the expression of genes also expressed as uninfected fruit ripen. Among the ripening-associated genes induced by B. cinerea are LePG (for polygalacturonase) and LeExp1 (for expansin), which encode cell wall-modifying proteins and have been shown to facilitate susceptibility. LePG and LeExp1 are induced only in susceptible rin fruit and not in resistant nor fruit. Thus, to infect fruit, B. cinerea relies on some of the processes and events that occur during ripening, and the fungus induces these pathways in unripe fruit, suggesting that the pathogen itself can initiate the induction of susceptibility by exploiting endogenous developmental programs. These results demonstrate the developmental plasticity of plant responses to the fungus and indicate how known regulators of fruit ripening participate in regulating ripening-associated pathogen susceptibility.
Identification of Nutrient-Responsive Arabidopsis and Rapeseed MicroRNAs by Comprehensive Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Profiling and Small RNA Sequencing
Authors: Pant Bikram Datt , Musialak-Lange Magdalena , Nuc Przemyslaw , May Patrick , Buhtz Anja , Kehr Julia , Walther Dirk , Scheible Wolf-Rüdiger 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Comprehensive expression profiles of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) MIRNA genes and mature microRNAs (miRs) are currently not available. We established a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction platform that allows rapid and sensitive quantification of 177 Arabidopsis primary miR transcripts (pri-miRs). The platform was used to detect phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N) status-responsive pri-miR species. Several pri-miR169 species as well as pri-miR398a were found to be repressed during N limitation, whereas during P limitation, pri-miR778, pri-miR827, and pri-miR399 species were induced and pri-miR398a was repressed. The corresponding responses of the biologically active, mature miRs were confirmed using specific stem-loop reverse transcription primer quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and small RNA sequencing. Interestingly, the latter approach also revealed high abundance of some miR star strands. Bioinformatic analysis of small RNA sequences with a modified miRDeep algorithm led to the identification of the novel P limitation-induced miR2111, which is encoded by two loci in the Arabidopsis genome. Furthermore, miR2111, miR169, a miR827-like sequence, and the abundances of several miR star strands were found to be strongly dependent on P or N status in rapeseed (Brassica napus) phloem sap, flagging them as candidate systemic signals. Taken together, these results reveal the existence of complex small RNA-based regulatory networks mediating plant adaptation to mineral nutrient availability.
Virtually local: social media and community among Polish nationals in Dublin
Authors: Komito Lee , Bates Jessica 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social media (including social networking technologies) on migration strategies and integration, focusing on the use of new technologies for information seeking and dissemination, as well as personal communication.Design/methodology/approachA total of 26 Polish nationals resident in Ireland were interviewed in 2008, using semi‐structured interviews.FindingsResults indicated a significant use of new social media, especially social networking technologies based in Poland and largely used by Polish language speakers. The use of social networking technologies enabled “media rich” and resilient social groups to develop, founded on the latent monitoring of activities characteristic of face‐to‐face, geographically delimited communities. The resulting social groups incorporated friends and relations based in Poland, Ireland and throughout the world. These networks tended to minimize integration into Irish society, as most Polish nationals interacted only with other Polish people, whether resident in Ireland or elsewhere.Originality/valueThis research demonstrates that new technologies are having a significant impact on patterns of migration. New social media are changing the character of international migration, with an emphasis on mobility rather than assimilation. Where foreign nationals previously tended to integrate into the societies where they resided, migrants are now more likely to be peripatetic mobile workers. Furthermore, while these migrants often no longer live in physical ghettos, they now live in “virtual” ghettos or enclaves, as they use new technologies to create separate lives within the wider society in which they work and live.
The pleasure principle: the power of positive affect in information seeking
Authors: Fulton Crystal 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how the affective aspect of information seeking is important in understanding information behaviour from a holistic perspective. While researchers have often explored adverse affective responses and coping mechanisms in information behaviour, this paper aims to focus on positive affect and the significant place of pleasure in amateur genealogists' information seeking and skills development.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a multi‐case, exploratory approach to learning about amateur genealogists' affective behaviour associated with their information seeking. A total of 24 amateur genealogists from around the world participated in semi‐structured telephone interviews about their hunt for their Irish ancestors. Data were transcribed and analyzed to identify patterns of affective behaviour during genealogical information seeking.FindingsThe paper finds that amateur genealogists form a unique group of information seekers. Leisure functions as an important information seeking context, in which amateur genealogists associate information seeking with pleasure.Originality/valueFindings suggest that there is a pleasure principle associated with information seeking, which may offer insight into patterns of affective information behaviour leading to advanced learning, information use, and technological adoption among older adults.
Information skills training practices in Irish higher education
Authors: McGuinness Claire 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of a national survey of information skills training (IST) practices in Irish higher education institutions, which was carried out during 2006‐2007 with the aim of documenting current practice and identifying areas in which change or innovation may be warranted. Despite an emerging picture of information literacy (IL) practice worldwide, a lack of published research has made it difficult to gain an accurate overview of IL activity in the Republic of Ireland. This paper aims to partly fill this gap.Design/methodology/approachAn invitation to complete a 26‐item questionnaire was sent out to librarians in all publicly‐funded higher education institutions in the Irish Republic in November 2006. Out of 154 librarians, 77 responded, giving a response rate of 50 per cent.FindingsResults showed that, while librarians spend a significant portion of their time engaged in IST activities and are enthusiastic about developing and promoting their programmes, IST continues to be delivered in primarily standalone format, using non‐integrated methods. Formal assessment of IS outcomes is not commonly carried out in Irish higher education institutions.Originality/valueThis paper represents the first national survey of IST practices in higher education in the Irish Republic, and serves as a baseline for international comparison and future longitudinal studies.
Student information behaviours during group projects
Authors: O'Farrell Mary , Bates Jessica 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a study of student information‐seeking and information‐sharing behaviours and communication during group projects. While a considerable body of literature exists on student information behaviour, less is known about the information behaviours of students working collaboratively, for example, in group projects. The aim of the study was to explore student information behaviours arising from group projects undertaken as part of their studies. The research questions were: What are the information seeking behaviours of students involved in group projects? How do students communicate with group members during group projects? How do students share information with group members during group projects? and What do students like most and dislike most about group projects?Design/methodology/approachA total of 50 undergraduate and graduate students in the University College Dublin School of Information and Library Studies responded to an online questionnaire (the response rate was 55.6 per cent) in May 2007.FindingsFindings reveal that students are embracing electronic media and resources, such as web sites, electronic journals and e‐mail, to progress their group projects. However, despite the widespread availability and convenience of these resources, communication difficulties and other problems were reported. Nevertheless, in general, the findings show that students have positive perceptions of group projects and believe that they have developed useful skills, such as teamwork skills and sharing information resources, as a result.Originality/valueThis study should be of interest to both academics and librarians, and to researchers and scholars concerned with human information behaviour, particularly in an educational context.
The semantic web and the digital library
Authors: Burke Mary 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss alternative definitions of and approaches to the semantic web. It aims to clarify the relationship between the semantic web, Web 2.0 and Library 2.0.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a literature review and evaluation of systems with semantic web features. It identifies and describes semantic web projects of relevance to libraries and evaluates the usefulness of JeromeDL and other social semantic digital library systems. It discusses actual and potential applications for libraries and makes recommendations for actions needed by researchers and practitioners.FindingsThe paper concludes that the library community has a lot to offer to, and benefit from, the semantic web, but there is limited interest in the library community. It recommends that there be greater collaboration between semantic web researchers and project developers, library management systems providers and the library community. Librarians should get involved in the development of semantic web standards, for example, metadata and taxonomies.Originality/valueThe paper clarifies the distinction between semantic web and Web 2.0 in a digital library environment. It evaluates and predicts future developments for operational systems.
Inhibition of carbon steel corrosion by azathione derivatives in organic acid solutions
Authors: Khan Sadaf , Rafiquee M.Z.A. , Saxena Nidhi , Quraishi M.A. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inhibitive effect of azathiones, namely cyclopentyl‐tetrahydro‐azathione, cyclohexyl‐tetrahydro‐azathione and isobutyl‐methyl‐tetrahydro‐azathione on the corrosion of carbon steel in formic and acetic acid solution. The effect of inhibitor concentration, immersion time, acid concentration, and solution temperature on the inhibition efficiencies of the selected azathiones were studied systematically.Design/methodology/approachThe synthesis of inhibitor was confirmed by methods such as Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. All inhibition experiments were conducted on carbon steel in 20 percent formic acid and 20 percent acetic acid solution. Weight loss experiments were carried out according to the American Society for Testing and Materials standard procedure. Polarization studies were carried out in a three electrode cell assembly connected to an EG&G Princeton Applied Research potentiostat/galvanostat (model 173). The electrochemical impedance technique was carried out using Zahner IM‐6 electrochemical workstation at a frequency range of 5‐100 Hz. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was carried out using a VP LEO model no. 435 microscope for the surface characterization of inhibited and uninhibited metal surfaces.FindingsVarious thermodynamic parameters were calculated using weight loss data in order to elaborate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition. Polarization measurements revealed that the studied azathiones acted predominantly as mixed inhibitors. Electrochemical impedance measurements revealed that the compounds were adsorbed onto the carbon steel surface and the adsorption obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The SEM study showed that the inhibited metal surfaces were smoother than were uninhibited metal surfaces.Research limitations/implicationsThe presence of high efficiency and low cost inhibitors is essential for protection of carbon steel. In comparison with conventional carbon steel corrosion inhibitors, these findings would be considered as a step forward in development of new corrosion inhibitor.Originality/valueThis paper reveals that azathiones can be used successfully for the protection of carbon steel surfaces exposed in acid solution.
Multiple thermal immersion ageing of commercial epoxy coatings
Authors: Angeles M.E. , Magaña C.R. , Rodríguez F.J. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the degradation of two commercial epoxy coatings with different pigments recommended for marine immersion, in a proposed short time accelerated aging cycle, correlating the electrochemical, thermal and superficial characterization.Design/methodology/approachAn immersion accelerated ageing method in an aggressive environment with increasing temperature has been described: samples of two films applied on AISI 1010 steel and films free of substrate of two different pigment coatings were submerged in hot brine, maintaining them for 24 h at 25°C, then increasing daily in 20°C increments to 85°C; followed by cooling to 25°C. The applied samples were evaluated in situ electrochemically using electrochmical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) (while they were in the heated environment) and the free films were submitted to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) at the beginning and end of each temperature stage.FindingsResults from the EIS tests mainly showed that the protective properties of both coatings (as indicated by coating capacitance and coating resistance values) decreased (when the temperature was increasing, but at the end of the cycle, the trend of both parameters was to reach their initial values, indicating that the change was physical (and reversible). However, after several cycles the trend of properties was to decrease, indicating then that a chemical damage (irreversible damage) had been caused by aging. The DSC technique showed that the coatings were plasticized after the immersion, due to the change in glass‐transition (Tg), and SEM revealed the presence of micro cracks after several cycles, confirming that mechanical degradation had taken place due to hot immersion.Practical implicationsAgeing cycles of this type could be applied to organic coatings, perhaps varying the aggressive environment and ageing time according to the hardness and chemical resistance of the coatings, as well as the Tg temperatures of the resins employed.Originality/valueThe conditions employed on the aging cycle were suitable to cause physical and mechanical damage to the films and to enable comparative performance testing to be evaluated quickly, and to promote chemical degradation. All results obtained by the three techniques were correlated satisfactorily and could be used to characterize the type of damage sustained by the coatings.
Corrosion of inhibitor treated carbon steel during wet/dry cycling tests
Authors: Saricimen Huseyin 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the inhibition of carbon steel corrosion under wet/dry conditions using electrochemical techniques.Design/methodology/approachSodium dihydrogen orthophosphate, dicyclohexylamine nitrite and sodium benzoate were used as inhibitors in the investigation. Plain carbon steel specimens were treated with three different inhibitors for a set period of time. One group of the specimens was subjected to 60 wet/dry cycles whilst a second group was kept continuously immersed in distilled water during the same period. The corrosion rates of the specimens were determined by electrochemical methods at several intervals during corrosion.FindingsThe three inhibitors showed good performance during the whole 60 days of wet/dry cycling. Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate was the best of the three, giving the lowest corrosion rates. However, during full immersion tests in distilled water, specimens that had been treated with dicyclohexylamine nitrite and sodium benzoate performed better than did those treated with sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate. Moreover, the corrosion rates were significantly higher in the case of wet/dry cycling due to differential aeration created through partial immersion, which was a consequence of the wet and dry cycling process.Originality/valueThis study showed the beneficial effect of inhibitors in slowing down the corrosion of steel. Furthermore, wet/dry cycling of steel samples in the laboratory produced corrosion rates that were comparable to those measured under actual outdoor conditions.
Trust not in money
Authors: Goodwin R.E. , Mullan B.A. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of financial conflict of interest (FCI) disclosure on dietary behavioural intention related to the Glycaemic Index (GI) of food.Design/methodology/approachA total of 72 participants were randomly allocated to two conditions by reading an academic journal article about GI that contained an FCI disclosure (conflict) or a statement detailing that the authors had no FCI to declare (no‐conflict). Using a questionnaire, participants made judgements about the article and authors as well as intention to perform GI‐related behaviour. These were then analysed for significant differences between the two conditions.FindingsAlthough no significant differences emerged between group means of judgements about the article, those in the conflict condition judged the authors as being significantly less trustworthy and credible than those in the no‐conflict condition. Contrary to expectation, those in the conflict condition reported significantly higher intentions to perform GI‐related behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThe present research must be conducted in other populations of interest in order to establish whether the results can be generalised.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that FCI disclosure might be best placed at the beginning of articles and that education about FCI be made available to the general public.Originality/valueThe paper examines the practical implications of FCI disclosure. It also focuses on a readership beyond an academic community who is well acquainted with the subject area and issues pertaining to FCI.
A case study assessment of the operational performance of a multiple fresh produce distribution centre in the UK
Authors: Manikas Ioannis , Terry Leon A. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe aim of this research is to evaluate the current operational status of fresh produce distribution centres in the UK and identify the nature and magnitude of the main logistical problems within them.Design/methodology/approachA critical evaluation of space and time utilization efficiency has been achieved by studying on‐site operations in a multiple produce handling and short‐term storage facility in Kent, UK. The objective of this research was to measure operational performance of distribution centres for agricultural perishables in terms of through‐put and space utilization.FindingsThe inefficient utilization of storage space within cold rooms has been identified and quantified accurately, whilst the quality control task has been recognized as the most time‐consuming task and a critical cause for hindering product flow.Practical implicationsDespite their importance, distribution centres for fresh fruit and vegetables have received little attention in the distribution and performance management literature. Given the lack of robust performance measurement systems reported, the measurement of operational performance in distribution centres for agricultural products was a challenge.Originality/valueThe measurement and improvement of the operational performance in each linkage of the fresh produce supply chain – such as a distribution centre – can lead in achieving higher levels of service at substantially reduced costs. A small number of publications are found in the literature providing information on physical distribution of agricultural perishables, and how the key features of perishability and voluminosity of the produce affect the distribution efficiency. In this research, a step towards the improvement of the fresh produce distribution industry operational performance has been attempted, by evaluating the current operational status of a leading multiple produce distribution centre in the UK.