bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soot formation in the pyrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons. Part I, binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with hydrogen and iron pentacarbonyl
Authors: Starikovsky A. Yu. , Thienel Th. , Wagner H. Gg. , Zaslonko Is. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMeasurements on carbon particle growth during CCl4 thermal decomposition were carried out behind both incident and reflected shock waves. Three kind of mixture compositions have been investigated: 4000 ppm CCl4 in argon; 200 to 4000 ppm CCl4 and 200 to 8000 ppm Fe(CO)5 in argon; 4000 ppm CCl4 and 4000 ppm hydrogen in argon. The temperature range 1200<T/K<3200, pressure around 25 bar. Kinetics of the particle growth was detected via the attenuation of the laser beam (He‐Ne laser, 632.8 nm).The low temperature boundary for soot particles detection and magnitude of soot yield in CCl4 pyrolysis is the same as that for most of the hydrocarbons studied. The temperature change during CCl4 pyrolysis is an important factor for its kinetic interpretation. The first order rate constants of soot growth kt/[C]are higher than those for all hydrocarbons, including benzene under comparable conditions. At T<2200 K the induction times tindare close to those for hydrocarbons with respect to both, absolute values and activation energy. In the middle temperature range studied, 2200<T/K<2500, an “induction‐less behaviour” of soot growth was observed; tind at T2500 K show a negative activation energy. Hydrogen additives significantly act on soot formation characteristics depending on H/Cl‐ratio.Chemical reaction in mixtures CCl4/Fe(CO)5 was observed even at relatively low temperatures behind incident shock waves. However, iron additives only slightly change the soot yield as compared to CCl4 pyrolysis. A qualitative interpretation of experimental findings observed is suggested based on the consideration of the hierarchy of characteristic times in reacting systems followed by the growth of soot particles.
Direct investigations of reactions of 2‐butoxy radicals using laser pulse initiated oxidation: Reaction with O2 and unimolecular decomposition at 293 K and 50 mbar
Authors: Hein H. , Hoffmann A. , Zellner R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractReactions of 2‐butoxy radicals have been investigated using time‐resolved measurements of NO2 and OH concentration profiles in the flash initiated oxidation of 2‐bromobutane and subsequent numerical simulation. 2‐butoxy radicals were produced selectively by the excimer‐laser photolysis of 2‐bromobutane at 193 or 248 nm followed by the reaction of 2‐butyl radicals with O2 and NO. Whereas NO2 was detected by cw‐LIF, detection of OH was achieved by laser long‐path absorption at 308 nm. All experiments were performed at 293 K and a total pressure of 50 mbar. The rate coefficients of the O2 reaction (kO2) and of unimolecular decomposition (kdecomp) have been varied, using the FACSIMILE code, until best fits were obtained. The following rate coefficients were derived: kO2 = (6.5±2) × 10−15 cm3‐molecule−1·s−1 and kdecomp = (3.5±2) × 10−3 s−1.
Nuclear spin state relaxation of formaldehyde in mixtures with inert gases
Authors: Peters G. , Schramm B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMeasurements of the rate constant of the ortho‐para conversion of monomeric gaseous formaldehyde H2CO in mixtures with He, Ar, H2, N2, CO, O2, CH3F and SF6 are described. Separation of the nuclear spin isomers of formaldehyde was obtained by selective UV laser photolysis of ortho‐formaldehyde in the natural ortho‐para mixture. Inert gas pressure was varied up to atmospheric pressure, formaldehyde pressure was 2.8 mbar in all experiments. At low pressures a linear increase of the rate constant with the inert gas pressure was found in all gases. With the noble gases, this increase was very small. In mixture with H2, N2, O2 and SF6 the rate constant rises up to a maximum and then shows a steep decrease as a function of the inert gas pressure. With the noble gases, CO and CH3F only the increase of the rate constant with pressure could be measured. The results are compared to the theory of Curl et al. [37]for the pressure dependence of the nuclear spin state relaxation of formaldehyde.
Biocatalytic conversion of lignocellulose to platform chemicals
Authors: Jäger Gernot , Büchs Jochen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNaturally occurring lignocellulose can be used as a renewable resource for the sustainable production of platform chemicals that can in turn be converted to valuable fine chemicals, polymers, and fuels. The biocatalytic conversion of lignocellulose is a very promising approach due to its high selectivity, mild conditions, and low exergy loss. However, such biocatalytic processes are still seldom applied at the industrial scale since the single conversion steps (pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation) may exhibit low conversion rates, low efficiencies, or high costs. The biocatalytic conversion of lignocellulose to platform chemicals is reviewed in this work. Structures and production rates of lignocellulose are described, and platform chemicals that may be produced from lignocellulose are summarized. Biocatalytic conversion of lignocellulose is distinguished from conventional non‐selective approaches. All essential conversion steps used in biocatalytic approaches (pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation) are reviewed in detail. Finally, potential interactions between these conversion steps are highlighted and the advantages as well as disadvantages of integrated process configurations are elucidated. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of the biocatalytic conversion of lignocellulose is provided in this review.
Biomimetic soluble collagen purified from bones
Authors: Ferreira Ana Marina , Gentile Piergiorgio , Sartori Susanna , Pagliano Cristina , Cabrele Chiara , Chiono Valeria , Ciardelli Gianluca 
Published: July 2012

AbstractType I collagen has been extensively exploited as a biomaterial for biomedical applications and drug delivery; however, small molecular alterations occurring during the isolation procedure and its interaction with residual bone extracellular matrix molecules or proteins might affect the overall material biocompatibility and performance. The aim of the current work is to study the potential alterations in collagen properties and organization associated with the absence of proteoglycans, which mimic pathological conditions associated with age‐related diseases. A new approach for evaluating the effect of proteoglycans on the properties of isolated type I collagen from the bone matrix is described. Additional treatment with guanidine hydrochloride was introduced to remove residual proteoglycans from the collagen matrix. The properties of the isolated collagen with/without guanidine hydrochloride treatment were investigated and compared with a commercial rabbit collagen as control. We demonstrate that the absence of proteoglycans in the isolated type I collagen affects its thermal properties, the extraction into its native structure, and its ability to hydrate and self‐assemble into fibers. The fine control and tuning of all these features, linked to the absence of non‐collagenous proteins as proteoglycans, offer the possibility of designing new strategies and biomaterials with advanced biomimetic properties aimed at regenerating bone tissue in the case of fragility and/or defects.
The future of the protein data bank
Authors: Berman Helen M. , Kleywegt Gerard J. , Nakamura Haruki , Markley John L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) is the international collaboration that manages the deposition, processing and distribution of the PDB archive. The wwPDB's mission is to maintain a single archive of macromolecular structural data that are freely and publicly available to the global community. Its members [RCSB PDB (USA), PDBe (Europe), PDBj (Japan), and BMRB (USA)] host data‐deposition sites and mirror the PDB ftp archive. To support future developments in structural biology, the wwPDB partners are addressing organizational, scientific, and technical challenges. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 218–222, 2013.
Modulation of cell attachment and collagen production of anterior cruciate ligament cells via submicron grooves/ridges structures with different cell affinity
Authors: Wang Peng‐Yuan , Wu Tsung‐Han , Chao Pen‐Hsiu Grace , Kuo Wei‐Hsuan , Wang Meng‐Jiy , Hsu Cheng‐Che , Tsai Wei‐Bor 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of submicron‐grooved topography and surface cell affinity on the attachment, proliferation and collagen synthesis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) cells. Two grooved polystyrene (PS) surfaces (equal groove/ridge width of 800 nm) with a groove depth of 100 or 700 nm were fabricated and modified by oxygen plasma treatment, dopamine deposition and conjugation of RGD‐containing peptides to enhance cell affinity. The elongation and alignment of ACL cells was enhanced by grooved structures with increasing groove depths regardless of surface chemistry. On the other hand, cell spreading and proliferation mainly depended on surface chemistry, in accordance with surface cell affinity: O2 plasma < dopamine deposition < RGD conjugation. The synthesis of type I collagen was the highest by the ACL cells cultured on the 700 nm grooved surface conjugated with RGD peptides, indicating that both surface grooved topography and chemistry play a role in modulating collagen production of ACL cells. Furthermore, the type I collagen deposited on the 700 nm PS surface was aligned with grooves/ridges. Our results indicated that both ligand presentation and cell alignment are important in the physiological activities of ACL fibroblasts. Such information is critical for design of biomaterials for ACL tissue engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 327–337. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous clostridial fermentation, lipase‐catalyzed esterification, and ester extraction to enrich diesel with butyl butyrate
Authors: van den Berg Corjan , Heeres Arjan S. , van der Wielen Luuk A. M. , Straathof Adrie J. J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe recovery of 1‐butanol from fermentation broth is energy‐intensive since typical concentrations in fermentation broth are below 20 g L−1. To prevent butanol inhibition and high downstream processing costs, we aimed at producing butyl esters instead of 1‐butanol. It is shown that it is possible to perform simultaneously clostridial fermentation, esterification of the formed butanol to butyl butyrate, and extraction of this ester by hexadecane. The very high partition coefficient of butyl butyrate pulls the esterification towards the product side even at fermentation pH and relatively low butanol concentrations. The hexadecane extractant is a model diesel compound and is nontoxic to the cells. If butyl butyrate enriched diesel can directly be used as car fuel, no product recovery is required. A proof‐of‐principle experiment for the one‐pot bio‐ester production from glucose led to 5 g L−1 butyl butyrate in the hexadecane phase. The principle may be extended to a wide range of esters, especially to longer chain ones. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 137–142. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional heterogeneity and heritability in CHO cell populations
Authors: Davies Sarah L. , Lovelady Clare S. , Grainger Rhian K. , Racher Andrew J. , Young Robert J. , James David C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, we address the hypothesis that it is possible to exploit genetic/functional variation in parental Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell populations to isolate clonal derivatives that exhibit superior, heritable attributes for biomanufacturing—new parental cell lines which are inherently more “fit for purpose.” One‐hundred and ninety‐nine CHOK1SV clones were isolated from a donor CHOK1SV parental population by limiting dilution cloning and microplate image analysis, followed by primary analysis of variation in cell‐specific proliferation rate during extended deep‐well microplate suspension culture of individual clones to accelerate genetic drift in isolated cultures. A subset of 100 clones were comparatively evaluated for transient production of a recombinant monoclonal antibody (Mab) and green fluorescent protein following transfection of a plasmid vector encoding both genes. The heritability of both cell‐specific proliferation rate and Mab production was further assessed using a subset of 23 clones varying in functional capability that were subjected to cell culture regimes involving both cryopreservation and extended sub‐culture. These data showed that whilst differences in transient Mab production capability were not heritable per se, clones exhibiting heritable variation in specific proliferation rate, endocytotic transfectability and N‐glycan processing were identified. Finally, for clonal populations most “evolved” by extended sub‐culture in vitro we investigated the relationship between cellular protein biomass content, specific proliferation rate and cell surface N‐glycosylation. Rapid‐specific proliferation rate was inversely correlated to CHO cell size and protein content, and positively correlated to cell surface glycan content, although substantial clone‐specific variation in ability to accumulate cell biomass was evident. Taken together, our data reveal the dynamic nature of the CHO cell functional genome and the potential to evolve and isolate CHO cell variants with improved functional properties in vitro. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 260–274. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Networked multiplayer cooperative interaction using decoupled motion control method in a shared virtual environment with haptic, visual and movement feedback
Authors: Liu Guanyang , Lu Keke 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on multiplayer cooperative interaction in a shared haptic environment based on a local area network. Decoupled motion control, which allows one user to manipulate a haptic interface to control only one‐dimensional movement of an avatar, is presented as a new type haptic‐based cooperation among multiple users. Users respectively move an avatar along one coordinate axis so that the motion of the avatar is the synthesis of movements along all axes. It is different from previous haptic cooperation where all users can apply forces on an avatar along any direction to move it, the motion of which completely depends on the resultant force. A novel concept of movement feedback is put forward where one user can sense other users’ hand motions through his or her own haptic interface. The concept can also be explained wherein one person who is required to move a virtual object along only one axis can also feel the motions of the virtual object along other axes. Movement feedback, which is a feeling of motion, differs from force feedback, such as gravity, collision force and resistance. A spring‐damper force model is proposed for the computation of motion feedback to implement movement transmission among users through haptic devices. Experimental results validate that movement feedback is beneficial for performance enhancement of such kind of haptic‐based cooperation, and the effect of movement feedback in performance improvement is also evaluated by all subjects.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Massachusetts health insurance reform on mammography use and breast cancer stage at diagnosis
Authors: Keating Nancy L. , Kouri Elena M. , He Yulei , West Dee W. , Winer Eric P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Massachusetts law requires all residents to maintain a minimum level of health insurance, and rates of uninsurance in that state decreased from 6.4% in 2006 to 1.9% in 2010. The authors of this report assessed whether health insurance expansion was associated with use of mammography and earlier stage at breast cancer diagnosis.METHODS:By using a prereform/postreform design with a concurrent control (California), mammography rates in the last year were assessed using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey and the diagnosis of stage I (vs II/III/IV) breast cancers based on cancer registry data among women ages 41 to 64. Propensity score analyses were used to compare California women who were most similar to women in Massachusetts with Massachusetts women.RESULTS:Among propensity‐weighted cohorts, adjusted mammography rates in Massachusetts were 69.2% in 2006, 69.5% in 2008, and 69.0% in 2010. In California, the rates were 59% in 2006, 60.3% in 2008, and 56.2% in 2010 (P = .89 for interaction by state for 2010 vs 2006). Among propensity‐weighted cohorts, adjusted rates of diagnosis with stage I cancers were 52.2% in 2006, 53.5% in 2007, and 52.4% in 2008 in Massachusetts versus 46.4% in 2006, 46.3% in 2007, and 45.7% in 2008 in California (P = .58 for interaction by state for 2010 vs 2006).CONCLUSIONS:Health insurance reform in Massachusetts was not associated with increased rates of mammography or earlier stage at diagnosis compared with California, possibly because of insurance and mammography rates that already were high. Additional research is needed to assess the impact of insurance expansions in other populations, especially those with higher uninsurance rates. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
The interfascicular trigeminal nucleus: A precerebellar nucleus in the mouse defined by retrograde neuronal tracing and genetic fate mapping
Authors: Fu Yuhong , Tvrdik Petr , Makki Nadja , Machold Robert , Paxinos George , Watson Charles 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe have found a previously unreported precerebellar nucleus located among the emerging fibers of the motor root of the trigeminal nerve in the mouse, which we have called the interfascicular trigeminal nucleus (IF5). This nucleus had previously been named the tensor tympani part of the motor trigeminal nucleus (5TT) in rodent brain atlases, because it was thought to be a subset of small motor neurons of the motor trigeminal nucleus innervating the tensor tympani muscle. However, following injection of retrograde tracer in the cerebellum, the labeled neurons in IF5 were found to be choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) negative, indicating that they are not motor neurons. The cells of IF5 are strongly labeled in mice from Wnt1Cre and Atoh1 CreER lineage fate mapping, in common with the major precerebellar nuclei that arise from the rhombic lip and that issue mossy fibers. Analysis of sections from mouse Hoxa3, Hoxb1, and Egr2 Cre labeled lineages shows that the neurons of IF5 arise from rhombomeres caudal to rhombomere 4, most likely from rhombomeres 6–8. We conclude that IF5 is a significant precerebellar nucleus in the mouse that shares developmental gene expression characteristics with mossy fiber precerebellar nuclei that arise from the caudal rhombic lip. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:697–708, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solvent‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatics with Aryl Bromides
Authors: Bensaid Souhila , Doucet Henri 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSolvent is one of the major sources of waste in the course of catalyzed direct arylations. Some palladium‐catalyzed direct arylations of heteroaromatics can be advantageously performed without any solvent. In the presence of palladium catalysts (1 mol %) and potassium acetate as the base, the direct 5‐arylation of some thiazoles, thiophenes, furans, or pyrroles with aryl bromides as coupling partners proceeds highly regioselectively and in moderate to high yields. However, the use of these solvent‐free conditions is limited to electron‐deficient aryl bromides.
Canid hybridization: contemporary evolution in human‐modified landscapes
Authors: Stronen Astrid V. , Tessier Nathalie , Jolicoeur Hélène , Paquet Paul C. , Hénault Michel , Villemure Mario , Patterson Brent R. , Sallows Tim , Goulet Gloria , Lapointe François‐Joseph 
Published: July 2012

AbstractContemporary evolution through human‐induced hybridization occurs throughout the taxonomic range. Formerly allopatric species appear especially susceptible to hybridization. Consequently, hybridization is expected to be more common in regions with recent sympatry owing to human activity than in areas of historical range overlap. Coyotes (Canis latrans) and gray wolves (C. lupus) are historically sympatric in western North America. Following European settlement gray wolf range contracted, whereas coyote range expanded to include eastern North America. Furthermore, wolves with New World (NW) mitochondrialDNA(mtDNA) haplotypes now extend from Manitoba to Québec in Canada and hybridize with gray wolves and coyotes. Using mtDNAand 12 microsatellite markers, we evaluated levels of wolf‐coyote hybridization in regions where coyotes were present (the Canadian Prairies,n = 109 samples) and absent historically (Québec,n = 154). Wolves withNWmtDNAextended from central Saskatchewan (51°N, 69°W) to northeastern Québec (54°N, 108°W). On the Prairies, 6.3% of coyotes and 9.2% of wolves had genetic profiles suggesting wolf‐coyote hybridization. In contrast, 12.6% of coyotes and 37.4% of wolves in Québec had profiles indicating hybrid origin. Wolves withNWand Old World (C. lupus) mtDNAappear to form integrated populations in both regions. Our results suggest that hybridization is more frequent in historically allopatric populations. Range shifts, now expected across taxa following climate change and other human influence on the environment, might therefore promote contemporary evolution by hybridization.
SPANphos Ligands in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Fluorination
Authors: Jacquet Olivier , Clément Nicolas D. , Blanco Carolina , Belmonte Marta Martinez , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of new enantiopure wide‐bite‐angle diphosphanes is described as well as their use in the palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric fluorination of α‐cyanoacetates. Enantiomeric excesses up to 93 % were obtained when Pd(OAc)2‐SPANphos was used as catalyst for the fluorination of ethyl 2‐cyano‐2‐phenylacetate with N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI).
Selective Detection of Nerve Agent Simulants by Using Triarylmethanol‐Based Chromogenic Chemodosimeters
Authors: Costero Ana M. , Parra Margarita , Gil Salvador , Gotor Raúl , Martínez‐Mañez Ramón , Sancenón Félix , Royo Santiago 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA family of triarylcarbinols 1–11 has been synthesised, and the chromogenic behaviour of the members in the presence of nerve‐agent simulants diethylcyanophosphonate (DCNP) and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) in acetonitrile and in buffered mixed water/acetonitrile solutions has been investigated. Hydrophobic polyethylene oxide films of these compounds have been prepared. Some of these triarylcarbinols act as OFF/ON chemodosimeters for the nerve agent simulants. The sensing mechanism includes phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group in the triarylcarbinol derivatives, followed by a dephosphatation reaction induced by the electron‐donor groups present in the structure. The existence of additional tert‐butyldimethylsilyl ether groups in compounds 2 and 3 permits these reagents to act as double probes by allowing selective signalling of DFP. The reactivity between 1 and 4–6 with DFP and DCNP in acetonitrile or water/acetonitrile solutions under pseudo first‐order kinetic conditions was studied to determine rate constants (k) and the half‐life times (t1/2) for the corresponding reactions. Films containing compound 2 were used to detect simulants both in solution and in the vapour phase. Finally, a logic device was designed that incorporated compounds 2, 14, and 15 that allowed detection of DFP (a Sarin and Soman simulant) and DCNP (a Tabun simulant), even in the presence of possible interferents such as acids.