bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entre las promesas y los resultados: notas sobre los retos de futuro de la TDT
Authors: García Leiva Mª Trinidad 
Published: January 2012

El objetivo del artículo es plantear una reflexión general sobre los retos futuros de la red digital terrestre de difusión de señales audiovisuales partiendo de un balance de las promesas vinculadas a su introducción hace más de una década y su contracara de resultados palpables. En función de las derivaciones potenciales que el escenario actual presenta se analizarán pues sus posibilidades de desarrollo. Para ello se ofrece un análisis genérico pero panorámico que considera las perspectivas tecnológica, económica, sociocultural e incluso estética del fenómeno con eje en las experiencias más avanzadas de Estados Unidos y Europa aunque, desde luego, prestando especial atención a España e incorporando según el caso las realidades latinoamericana y asiática. Se sostiene que esta aproximación teñida de balance puede tener mayor interés y menor caducidad que pensar los desafíos futuros de la televisión digital terrestre en un contexto nacional más específico dado el carácter reciente y, en buena media, todavía en marcha que manifiesta la migración al servicio. Aun a riesgo de aventurar valoraciones e interpretaciones no suficientemente contrastadas todavía por la realidad, se trata de reflexionar acerca de cómo puede evolucionar la red terrestre de distribución y qué lugar ocupará en el conjunto del audiovisual, fundamentalmente en relación con el rol de difusión universal, acceso gratuito y perfil generalista que ha desempeñado desde su configuración como medio de comunicación social.
Development of a process for efficient use of CO2 from flue gases in the production of photosynthetic microorganisms
Authors: González‐López C.V. , Acién Fernández F.G. , Fernández‐Sevilla J.M. , Sánchez Fernández J.F. , Molina Grima E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new methodology to use efficiently flue gases as CO2 source in the production of photosynthetic microorganisms is proposed. The CO2 is absorbed in an aqueous phase that is then regenerated by microalgae. Carbonated solutions could absorb up to 80% of the CO2 from diluted gas reaching total inorganic carbon (TIC) concentrations up to 2.0 g/L. The pH of the solution was maintained at 8.0–10.0 by the bicarbonate/carbonate buffer, so it is compatible with biological regeneration. The absorption process was modeled and the kinetic parameters were determined. Anabaena sp. demonstrated to tolerate pH (8.0–10.0) and TIC (up to 2.0 g/L) conditions imposed by the absorption step. Experiments of regeneration of the liquid phase demonstrated the feasibility of the overall process, converting CO2 into organic matter. The developed process avoids heating to regenerate the liquid whereas maximizing the efficiency of CO2 use, which is relevant to achieve the commercial production of biofuels from microalgae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1637–1650. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diastereoisomeric ent‐Labdane Diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata
Authors: Hu Yong‐Mei , Wang Guo‐Cai , Wang Ying , Sung Herman H.‐Y. , Williams Ian D. , Ye Wen‐Cai 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFour C(8),C(12)‐diastereoisomers, (8S,12S)‐isoandrographolide (1), (8S,12R)‐isoandrographolide (2), (8R,12R)‐isoandrographolide (3), and (8R,12S)‐isoandrographolide (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata. The structures of the new compounds 1–3 were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data including UV, IR, NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Recharge estimation of a small karstic aquifer in a semiarid Mediterranean region (southeastern Spain) using a hydrological model
Authors: Touhami I. , Andreu J. M. , Chirino E. , Sánchez J. R. , Moutahir H. , Pulido‐Bosch A. , Martínez‐Santos P. , Bellot J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMediterranean aquifers are frequently subject to the joint effect of intensive exploitation and low recharge values. Besides, groundwater is the only available water resource in many Mediterranean regions. Groundwater recharge studies are therefore necessary to underpin water management practices. This manuscript presents a methodology to estimate groundwater recharge in a small limestone aquifer of southeastern Spain. The HYDROBAL model is used to calculate daily soil water balances on the basis of hydrological and soil data as well as on vegetation cover. Deep drainage model outputs are converted into water table variations using a lumped model add‐on. The adjustment between observed and calculated water table levels is in the order of r2 = 0.87. This correlation coefficient suggests that HYDROBAL is a useful tool to estimate groundwater recharge in the region. In addition, differences in groundwater recharge rates are observed for dry, average and wet years. Estimated recharge rates range between 0% and 18% of the mean annual rainfall, which corresponds to a net recharge of 0 to 59 mm year−1. Recharge rates increase proportionally with precipitation (r2 = 0.90). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear laser scanning microscopy of human vocal folds
Authors: Miri Amir K. , Tripathy Umakanta , Mongeau Luc , Wiseman Paul W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The purpose of this work was to apply nonlinear laser scanning microscopy (NLSM) for visualizing the morphology of extracellular matrix proteins within human vocal folds. This technique may potentially assist clinicians in making rapid diagnoses of vocal fold tissue disease or damage. Microstructural characterization based on NLSM provides valuable information for better understanding molecular mechanisms and tissue structure.Study Design:Experimental, ex vivo human vocal fold.Methods:A custom‐built multimodal nonlinear laser scanning microscope was used to scan fibrillar proteins in three 4% formaldehyde‐fixed cadaveric samples. Collagen and elastin, key extracellular matrix proteins in the vocal fold lamina propria, were imaged by two nonlinear microscopy modalities: second harmonic generation (SHG) and two‐photon fluorescence (TPF), respectively. An experimental protocol was introduced to characterize the geometrical properties of the imaged fibrous proteins.Results:NLSM revealed the biomorphology of the human vocal fold fibrous proteins. No photobleaching was observed for the incident laser power of ∼60 mW before the excitation objective. Types I and III fibrillar collagen were imaged without label in the tissue by intrinsic SHG. Imaging while rotating the incident laser light‐polarization direction confirmed a helical shape for the collagen fibers. The amplitude, periodicity, and overall orientation were then computed for the helically distributed collagen network. The elastin network was simultaneously imaged via TPF and found to have a basket‐like structure. In some regions, particularly close to the epithelium, colocalization of both extracellular matrix components were observed.Conclusions:A benchmark study is presented for quantitative real‐time, ex vivo, NLSM imaging of the extracellular macromolecules in human vocal fold lamina propria. The results are promising for clinical applications.
Genomic and mutational profiling of ductal carcinomas in situ and matched adjacent invasive breast cancers reveals intra‐tumour genetic heterogeneity and clonal selection
Authors: Hernandez Lucia , Wilkerson Paul M , Lambros Maryou B , Campion‐Flora Adriana , Rodrigues Daniel Nava , Gauthier Arnaud , Cabral Cecilia , Pawar Vidya , Mackay Alan , A'Hern Roger , Marchiò Caterina , Palacios Jose , Natrajan Rachael , Weigelt Britta , Reis‐Filho Jorge S 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the progression from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast are yet to be fully elucidated. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the progression from DCIS to IDC, including the selection of a subpopulation of cancer cells with specific genetic aberrations, and the acquisition of new genetic aberrations or non‐genetic mechanisms mediated by the tumour microenvironment. To determine whether synchronously diagnosed ipsilateral DCI and IDCs have modal populations with distinct repertoires of gene copy number aberrations and mutations in common oncogenes, matched frozen samples of DCIS and IDC were retrieved from 13 patients and subjected to microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and Sequenom MassARRAY (Oncocarta v 1.0 panel). Fluorescence in situ hybridization and Sanger sequencing were employed to validate the aCGH and Sequenom findings, respectively. Although the genomic profiles of matched DCI and IDCs were similar, in three of 13 matched pairs amplification of distinct loci (ie 1q41, 2q24.2, 6q22.31, 7q11.21, 8q21.2 and 9p13.3) was either restricted to, or more prevalent in, the modal population of cancer cells of one of the components. Sequenom MassARRAY identified PIK3CA mutations restricted to the DCIS component in two cases, and in a third case the frequency of the PIK3CA mutant allele reduced from 49% in the DCIS to 25% in the IDC component. Despite the genomic similarities between synchronous DCIS and IDC, our data provide strong circumstantial evidence to suggest that in some cases the progression from DCIS to IDC is driven by the selection of non‐modal clones that harbour a specific repertoire of genetic aberrations. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do crystal structures obviate the need for theoretical models of GPCRs for structure‐based virtual screening?
Authors: Tang Hao , Wang Xiang Simon , Hsieh Jui‐Hua , Tropsha Alexander 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRecent highly expected structural characterizations of agonist‐bound and antagonist‐bound beta‐2 adrenoreceptor (β2AR) by X‐ray crystallography have been widely regarded as critical advances to enable more effective structure‐based discovery of GPCRs ligands. It appears that this very important development may have undermined many previous efforts to develop 3D theoretical models of GPCRs. To address this question directly, we have compared several historical β2AR models versus the inactive state and nanobody‐stabilized active state of β2AR crystal structures in terms of their structural similarity and effectiveness of use in virtual screening for β2AR specific agonists and antagonists. Theoretical models, incluing both homology and de novo types, were collected from five different groups who have published extensively in the field of GPCRs modeling. All models were built before X‐ray structures became available. In general, β2AR theoretical models differ significantly from the crystal structure in terms of TMH definition and the global packing. Nevertheless, surprisingly, several models afforded hit rates resulting from virtual screening of large chemical library enriched by known β2AR ligands that exceeded those using X‐ray structures. The hit rates were particularly higher for agonists. Furthemore, the screening performance of models is associated with local structural quality, such as the RMSDs for binding pocket residues and the ability to capture accurately, most if not all critical protein/ligand interactions. These results suggest that carefully built models of GPCRs could capture critical chemical and structural features of the binding pocket, and thus may be even more useful for practical structure‐based drug discovery than X‐ray structures. Proteins 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychosocial therapeutic interventions for volatile substance use: a systematic review
Authors: MacLean Sarah , Cameron Jacqui , Harney Angela , Lee Nicole K. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAims  Volatile substance use (VSU) is associated with a range of adverse outcomes, including cognitive impairment and death. It occurs disproportionately within young and marginalized populations. A previous international systematic review of VSU treatment identified no relevant studies. This paper reports on a systematic review of a range of study types concerning psychosocial interventions for VSU.Methods  Search parameters were developed using the Population, Intervention, Professionals, Outcomes, Health care setting and Contexts (PIPOH) tool with input from an expert committee. Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparative studies with or without concurrent controls, case series studies and grey literature, published in English during 1980–2010.Results  The initial search identified 2344 references. After two screening phases, 23 studies of VSU therapeutic interventions remained. Of these, 19 concerned psychosocial interventions, which we discuss as: case management; counselling; recreation and engagement programmes; and residential treatment. Studies were conducted in Australia, Canada, the United States, United Kingdom and Brazil. No RCTs were identified and studies were generally of low evidentiary levels.Conclusions  Even when a range of study types are included, clear conclusions for volatile substance use psychological treatment are not supported, but three intervention types merit further examination: family therapy, activity‐based programmes and Indigenous‐led residential approaches. Future volatile substance use research could be enhanced by developing and validating outcome measurement tools. Robust multi‐site studies are also required.
Technical aspects of clinical high‐resolution manometry studies
Authors: Bredenoord A. J. , Hebbard G. S 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground  A number of commercial and research systems are available for making high‐resolution manometry recordings.Purpose In this document, we review the standard equipment, patient preparation and routine protocol for high‐resolution manometry. The major differences between HRM systems lie in the method of signal transduction, with solid‐state catheter systems recording form intraluminal transducers and water perfusion systems recording pressures from external transducers via a perfused silicone catheter. The variations in recording systems result in different mechanical and electrical characteristics which dictate different techniques for setting up and using equipment. These issues are relevant in terms of costs and day to day management, but have little clinical significance. After the equipment is prepared for a manometric study, the esophagus is intubated transnasally with the manometric catheter and the catheter is positioned so that the UES and LES/diaphragm are visualized on the recording screen. The subject then undergoes 10 5ml water swallows in the supine position. Manometric data may be integrated with other data streams such as multichannel impedance or images from fluoroscopy to increase the power of the technique in difficult cases.
Skin infections and infestations in prison inmates
Authors: Oninla Olumayowa A. , Onayemi Olaniyi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground  Skin infections and infestations are common in a prison environment. The prison is in dynamic equilibrium with the larger society. Hence, it serves as a reservoir of infections which can spread to the larger society. The study sets out to find out how rampant these infections might be in the prison and the factors responsible.Materials and methods  Inmates at a Nigerian prison in Ilesha, Osun State, were examined for skin infections. Personal hygiene and living conditions were critically examined.Results  The overall prevalent rate of infectious dermatoses was 49.2% (150/305). There were 178 infections. Dermatophytes accounted for 64%, pityriasis versicolor 27%, bacterial infections 3.4%, and others 5.6%. Only frequency of soap use and accommodation arrangement significantly contributed to the overall prevalence. However, infectious dermatoses were significantly affected by prison status (PP = 0.04), frequency of bath (PP = 0.025), changing of clothing (PP = 0.05), accommodation arrangement (P = 0.0001), frequency of soap usage (P = 0.005), and toilet facility (P = 0.001). The HIV status of the inmates was unknown. Hence, effect of HIV infection cannot be ascertained.Conclusion  Skin infections and infestations are common in prison. A change in living conditions and personal hygiene will definitely help in reducing these infections.
Who should receive recruitment and retention incentives? Improved targeting of rural doctors using medical workforce data
Authors: Humphreys John S. , McGrail Matthew R. , Joyce Catherine M. , Scott Anthony , Kalb Guyonne 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective:  The objective of this study was to define an improved classification for allocating incentives to support the recruitment and retention of doctors in rural Australia.Design and setting:  Geo‐coded data (n = 3636 general practitioners (GPs)) from the national Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life study were used to examine statistical variation in four professional indicators (total hours worked, public hospital work, on call after‐hours and difficulty taking time off) and two non‐professional indicators (partner employment and schooling opportunities) which are all known to be related to difficulties with recruitment and retention.Main outcome measures:  The main outcome measure used for the study was an association of six sentinel indicators for GPs with practice location and population size of community.Results:  Four distinct homogeneous population size groups were identified (0–5000, 5001‐15 000, 15 001–50 000 and >50 000). Although geographical remoteness (measured using the Australian Standard Geographical Classification – Remoteness Areas (ASGC‐RA)) was statistically associated with all six indicators (P < 0.001), population size provided a more sensitive measure in directing where recruitment and retention incentives should be provided. A new six‐level rurality classification is proposed, based on a combination of four population size groups and the five ASGC‐RA levels. A significant increase in statistical association is measured in four of six indicators (and a slight increase in one indicator) using the new six‐level classification versus the existing ASGC‐RA classification.Conclusions:  This new six‐level geographical classification provides a better basis for equitable resource allocation of recruitment and retention incentives to doctors based on the attractiveness of non‐metropolitan communities, both professionally and non‐professionally, as places to work and live.
Surgical excision of intraductal breast papilloma diagnosed on core biopsy
Authors: Lu Qinghui , Tan Ern Yu , Ho Bernard , Chen Juliana J. C. , Chan Patrick M. Y. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:  The need for surgical excision of benign papillary lesions diagnosed on core biopsy remains debatable. This lack of consensus arises because although there is a possibility of histological underestimation, there are as yet no reliable predictors of malignancy. We therefore aimed to evaluate the incidence of histological underestimation in our practice, and to identify factors that predict for this, in order to reduce unnecessary surgery without missing out on possible malignancy.Methods:  Retrospective review of 106 patients diagnosed with a papillary lesion on percutaneous image‐guided core biopsy was performed between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2008. The presence of atypia on core biopsy and the presence of malignancy in the surgical specimen were correlated with standard clinical, radiological and pathological features.Results:  Histological underestimation occurred in 15 of 81 patients (19%). Malignancy was more likely when atypia was present in the core biopsy (P= 0.04, OR 5.17). Otherwise, a final diagnosis of malignancy was not correlated with any clinical or radiological features (P > 0.05). The presence of atypia was also not correlated with any clinical or radiological features.Conclusion:  In our study, 19% of patients with a benign papillary lesion diagnosed on core biopsy were found to have atypical ductal hyperplasia or malignancy following surgery. In view of this, together with the absence of reliable predictive factors for malignancy, we recommend surgical excision of all papillary lesions diagnosed on core biopsy.
‘Trainee’ evaluation of the English National Training Programme for laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Wyles S. M. , Miskovic D. , Ni M. , Kennedy R. H. , Hanna G. B. , Coleman M. G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim  The aim of this study was to review trainees’ opinions of the training they had received through the National Training Programme (NTP).Method  An online questionnaire was distributed to NTP trainees who had completed five or more training episodes within the programme. Demographic data were collected. Opinion was given using a five‐point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = undecided, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree). Percentages, mean values and SD were presented. ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used to examine the impact of different factors on ratings and the difference between ratings, respectively.Results  Fifty‐four registered trainees fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 37 (69% response rate) completed the questionnaire. Teaching sessions were organized using an inreach (11%), in‐house (11%), outreach (27%) or combination (51%) system of training. Trainees felt that their trainers seldom cancelled sessions (93%), that it was easy to organize (92%) and consent (100%) the patient, and that their hospital was supportive of training (97%). Trainees stated that overall their trainers were excellent at training (Likert scale = 4.71 ± 0.46) and that they received regular feedback (87%). The only variable to have a significant impact on the level of NTP approval was whether the trainee was able to choose his or her trainer (supportive of NTP, chose trainer P = 0.050; critical of NTP, chose trainer P = 0.020).Conclusion  The large majority of trainees was highly satisfied with the training received in this innovative programme, irrespective of region or training structure used, thus demonstrating acceptability of the programme in its current form.
Surgical therapy for multiple sclerosis tremor: a 12‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Hassan A. , Ahlskog J. E. , Rodriguez M. , Matsumoto J. Y. 
Published: January 2012

Background and purpose:  Severe multiple sclerosis (MS) tremor causes disability poorly responsive to medication. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) or thalamotomy can suppress tremor, but long‐term outcomes are unclear.Methods:  Nine patients with MS tremor underwent disability measures at baseline and 12 months post‐surgery (six thalamotomy, three DBS) in 1997–1998 (previously reported, Matsumoto et al., Neurology 2001;57:1876–82). We report the prospective 12‐year follow‐up of this cohort for tremor, disability, and death.Results:  Surgery was initially successful in all. Tremor recurred in all patients within median 3 months, although two DBS patients were tremor‐free for 5 years. Median tremor‐free survival (tremor‐free time/survival time) was 4.3%. At 12‐year follow‐up, four survivors (two thalamotomy, two DBS) (Expanded Disability Status Scale scores 8–8.5) were severely disabled. Five patients were dead (four thalamotomy, one DBS) median 5.8 years post‐operative.Conclusions:  Surgery benefit for severe tremor was overall short‐lived (median 3 months), with long‐term poor prognosis. Although two DBS patients had sustained 5‐year tremor‐suppression, the observed progressive disability and death in this cohort bear importance for long‐term success in future MS tremor surgery trials.