bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing unreplicated 2k factorial designs by examining their projections into k‐1 factors
Authors: Angelopoulos P. , Evangelaras H. , Koukouvinos C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractUnreplicated factorial designs are widely used as experimental designs because of the economy they offer in run size. However, they are difficult to analyze because there are no degrees of freedom left to estimate the experimental error. Many methods have been proposed for the analysis of such designs with Lenth's (Technometrics 1989; 31:469–473) and Dong's (Statist. Sinica 1993; 3:209–217) being the most popular. In this paper we take advantage of the projective property of factorial designs and we propose a simple yet effective method for analyzing unreplicated factorial designs. The results are compared through a simulation study with Lenth's and Dong's methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When are summary ROC curves appropriate for diagnostic meta‐analyses?
Authors: Chappell F. M. , Raab G. M. , Wardlaw J. M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDiagnostic tests are increasingly evaluated with systematic reviews and this has lead to the recent developments of statistical methods to analyse such data. The most commonly used method is the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve, which can be fitted with a non‐linear bivariate random‐effects model. This paper focuses on the practical problems of interpreting and presenting data from such analyses. First, many meta‐analyses may be underpowered to obtain reliable estimates of the SROC parameters. Second, the SROC model may be inappropriate. In these situations, a summary with two univariate meta‐analyses of the true and false positive rates (TPRs and FPRs) may be more appropriate. We characterize the type of problems that can occur in fitting these models and present an algorithm to guide the analyst of such studies, with illustrations from analyses of published data. A set of R functions, freely available to perform these analyses, can be downloaded from (www.diagmeta.info). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contactless Electrofunctionalization of a Single Pore
Authors: Bouchet Aurélie , Descamps Emeline , Mailley Pascal , Livache Thierry , Chatelain François , Haguet Vincent 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCustomized pores are smart components that find challenging applications in a variety of fields including purification membranes and biosensing systems. The incorporation of recognition probes within pores is therefore a challenge, due to the technical difficulty of delimiting the area functionalized and obtaining the localized, specific chemical modification of pore walls. An innovative approach, named contactless electrofunctionalization (CLEF), is presented to overcome this problem. CLEF allows easy, one‐step modification of the inner surface of a pore etched in a dielectric membrane. The pore wall is coated under the influence of an electric field created by the application of a voltage between two electrodes, located near but not in contact with the pore openings. This specific localization of the deposited material within the pore is extremely rapid. Coatings were reliably and reproducibly obtained using polypyrrole co‐polymers bearing oligonucleotides, demonstrating that this technology has a promising future in the design of biosensors. Moreover, the versatility of this process allows the deposition of various electroactive entities such as iridium oxide and therefore indicates a strong potential for diverse applications involving porous materials.
Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Benefits a Monogenic Neurometabolic Disorder During the Symptomatic Phase of Disease
Authors: Jeyakumar Mylvaganam , Lee Jean-Pyo , Sibson Nicola R. , Lowe John P. , Stuckey Daniel J. , Tester Katie , Fu Gerald , Newlin Robin , Smith David A. , Snyder Evan Y. , Platt Frances M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Although we and others have demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) may impact such neurogenetic conditions as lysosomal storage diseases when transplanted at birth, it has remained unclear whether such interventions can impact well-established mid-stage disease, a situation often encountered clinically. Here we report that when NSCs were injected intracranially into the brain of adult symptomatic Sandhoff (Hexb−/−) mice, cells migrated far from the injection site and integrated into the host cytoarchitecture, restoring β-hexosaminidase enzyme activity and promoting neuropathologic and behavioral improvement. Mouse lifespan increased, neurological function improved, and disease progression was slowed. These clinical benefits correlated with neuropathological correction at the cellular and molecular levels, reflecting the multiple potential beneficial actions of stem cells, including enzyme cross-correction, cell replacement, tropic support, and direct anti-inflammatory action. Pathotropism (i.e., migration and homing of NSCs to pathological sites) could be imaged in real time by magnetic resonance imaging. Differentially expressed chemokines might play a role in directing the migration of transplanted stem cells to sites of pathology. Significantly, the therapeutic impact of NSCs implanted in even a single location was surprisingly widespread due to both cell migration and enzyme diffusion. Because many of the beneficial actions of NSCs observed in newborn brains were recapitulated in adult brains to the benefit of Sandhoff recipients, NSC-based interventions may also be useful in symptomatic subjects with established disease.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Acetylation of Sox2 Induces its Nuclear Export in Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Baltus Gretchen A. , Kowalski Michael P. , Zhai Huili , Tutter Antonin V. , Quinn Douglas , Wall Daniel , Kadam Shilpa 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEmbryonic stem (ES) cells require a coordinated network of transcription factors to maintain pluripotency or trigger lineage specific differentiation. Central to these processes are the proteins Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2. Although the transcriptional targets of these factors have been extensively studied, very little is known about how the proteins themselves are regulated, especially at the post-translational level. Post-translational modifications are well documented to have broad effects on protein stability, activity, and cellular distribution. Here, we identify a key lysine residue in the nuclear export signal of Sox2 that is acetylated, and demonstrate that blocking acetylation at this site retains Sox2 in the nucleus and sustains expression of its target genes under hyperacetylation or differentiation conditions. Mimicking acetylation at this site promotes association of Sox2 with the nuclear export machinery. In addition, increased cellular acetylation leads to reduction in Sox2 levels by ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus abrogating its ability to drive transcription of its target genes. Acetylation-mediated nuclear export may be a commonly used regulatory mechanism for many Sox family members, as this lysine is conserved across species and in orthologous proteins.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Cardiac c-kit+AT2+ Cell Population is Increased in Response to Ischemic Injury and Supports Cardiomyocyte Performance
Authors: Altarche-Xifró Wassim , Curato Caterina , Kaschina Elena , Grzesiak Aleksandra , Slavic Svetlana , Dong Jun , Kappert Kai , Steckelings Muscha , Imboden Hans , Unger Thomas , Li Jun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe expression pattern of angiotensin AT2 receptors with predominance during fetal life and upregulation under pathological conditions during tissue injury/repair process suggests that AT2 receptors may exert an important action in injury/repair adaptive mechanisms. Less is known about AT2 receptors in acute ischemia-induced cardiac injury. We aimed here to elucidate the role of AT2 receptors after acute myocardial infarction. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that cardiac AT2 receptors were mainly detected in clusters of small c-kit+ cells accumulating in peri-infarct zone and c-kit+AT2+ cells increased in response to acute cardiac injury. Further, we isolated cardiac c-kit+AT2+ cell population by modified magnetic activated cell sorting and fluorescence activated cell sorting. These cardiac c-kit+AT2+ cells, represented ∼0.19% of total cardiac cells in infarcted heart, were characterized by upregulated transcription factors implicated in cardiogenic differentiation (Gata-4, Notch-2, Nkx-2.5) and genes required for self-renewal (Tbx-3, c-Myc, Akt). When adult cardiomyocytes and cardiac c-kit+AT2+ cells isolated from infarcted rat hearts were cocultured, AT2 receptor stimulation in vitro inhibited apoptosis of these cocultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, in vivo AT2 receptor stimulation led to an increased c-kit+AT2+ cell population in the infarcted myocardium and reduced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in rats with acute myocardial infarction. These data suggest that cardiac c-kit+AT2+ cell population exists and increases after acute ischemic injury. AT2 receptor activation supports performance of cardiomyocytes, thus contributing to cardioprotection via cardiac c-kit+AT2+ cell population.
The dopaminergic stabilizer ASP2314/ACR16 selectively interacts with D2High receptors
Authors: Seeman Philip , Tokita Kenichi , Matsumoto Mitsuyuki , Matsuo Ayako , Sasamata Masao , Miyata Keiji 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDopaminergic stabilizers are recognized as compounds that can either enhance or antagonize dopamine (DA)‐dependent behaviors depending on the prevailing dopaminergic tone. The dopaminergic stabilizer ASP2314 is being tested clinically and has been reported to have antipsychotic effects in a clinical trial as an add on medication. To elucidate the mechanisms of action of this dopaminergic stabilizer, its potency on the functional dopamine D2High receptors was examined. In competition with D2 receptors selectively labeled by [3H]domperidone, ASP2314 had a dissociation constant, KiHigh, of 1.62 μM for D2High in human cloned D2Long receptors and 0.83 μM for rat homogenized striata. Using the D2 agonist ligand [3H](+)‐4‐propyl‐3,4,4a,5,6,10b‐hexahydro‐2H‐naphtho[1,2‐b][1,4]oxazin‐9‐ol ((+)PHNO), ASP2314 had a high‐affinity Ki of 32 nM for D2High for rat homogenized striata. ASP2314 stimulated the incorporation of [35S]GTP‐γ‐S into rat striata by 50% at 43 nM, and into the cloned D2Long membranes by 50% at 3.2 μM (compared to 100% stimulation by 10 μM dopamine). With similar concentrations of ASP2314 inhibiting the binding of ligands at D2High and stimulating [35S]GTP‐γ‐S incorporation, the data indicate that the dopaminergic stabilizing action of ASP2314 may be related to the selectivity for the D2high state of the D2 receptor. Synapse 63:930–934, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of GABA transporter 3 in GABAergic synaptic transmission at striatal output neurons
Authors: Kirmse Knut , Kirischuk Sergei , Grantyn Rosemarie 
Published: July 2009

AbstractStriatal GABAergic signaling has been shown to be essential for basal ganglia output and proper motor performance. In the mouse neostriatum GABA transporter 1 (GAT‐1) was previously found to assist in the clearance of GABA from the extracellular space and influence both phasic and tonic GABAergic inhibition of medium‐sized striatal output neurons (SONs). It currently remains unknown whether GAT subtypes other than GAT‐1 participate in the modulation of GABAergic transmission in this brain structure. In this study, we aimed at assessing the role of GAT‐3 in the mouse neostriatum. To this end, we recorded GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) from SONs in brain slices at different developmental stages (postnatal days (P) 7‐9, 12‐14, and 28‐34) using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. When applied under control conditions, SNAP‐5114 (40 μM), a specific GAT‐3 blocker, did not affect miniature or evoked IPSCs (m/eIPSCs) and produced no significant effect on tonic GABAA receptor‐mediated conductances in SONs. However, in the presence of NO‐711 (10 μM), a specific GAT‐1 blocker, SNAP‐5114 reduced mIPSC frequencies without affecting mIPSC amplitudes or kinetics. In addition, SNAP‐5114 reduced the mean amplitude of eIPSCs and increased the paired‐pulse ratio. These effects were entirely abolished by CGP55845 (1 μM), a specific GABAB receptor blocker, indicating that they were mediated by presynaptic GABAB receptors. Similar results were obtained from all age groups. We conclude that GAT‐3 is functionally expressed in the mouse neostriatum. Whereas an acute block of GAT‐3 under resting conditions is fully compensated for by GAT‐1, GAT‐3 might provide an additional uptake capacity when neuronal activity and GABA release are increased. Synapse 63:921–929, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glutamate agonist LY404,039 for treating schizophrenia has affinity for the dopamine D2High receptor
Authors: Seeman Philip , Guan Hong‐Chang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe glutamate agonist LY404,039 has been used to treat schizophrenia. Because all currently used antipsychotics act on dopamine receptors, it was decided to examine whether this glutamate agonist also had an affinity for dopamine D2 receptors in vitro. The present data show that LY404,039 inhibited the binding of [3H]domperidone and [3H](+)PHNO by 15.5 ± 1.5% to the high‐affinity state, D2High, of cloned dopamine D2Long receptors and rat striatal tissue with dissociation constants of between 8.2 and 12.6 nM. This high‐affinity component of LY404,039 on the binding of [3H]domperidone was inhibited by the presence of guanine nucleotide, indicating an agonist action of the drug at D2High. LY404,039 also stimulated the incorporation of [35S]GTP‐γ‐S into D2Long receptors (EC50% = 80 ± 15 nM) over the same range of concentrations as occurred for the inhibition of [3H]domperidone by LY404,039 at D2High (IC50%High = 50 ± 10 nM). A possible clinical antipsychotic action of LY404,039 may depend on the combined stimulation of glutamate receptors and a partial dopamine agonist action that would interfere with neurotransmission at D2High receptors. Synapse 63:935–939, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C2‐Symmetric Group 4 Metal Complexes Adorned with Chiral N,O Chelates: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Helical Hexacoordinate Metal Dichlorides Derived from 6‐Isopropyl‐3‐methyl‐2‐(4‐isopropyl‐4,5‐dihydrooxazol‐2‐yl)phenol Ligands
Authors: Lee Jong‐Dae , Kim Tae‐Jin , Han Won‐Sik , Han Su Jung , Lee Chongmok , Ko Jaejung , Kang Sang Ook 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA series of group 4 metal complexes containing [6‐isopropyl‐3‐methyl‐2‐(4‐R‐4,5‐dihydrooxazol‐2‐yl)phenol] ligands, N,O‐(OzR–OPh) [OzR = oxazolyl; R = iPr (4), tBu (5); OPh = phenolate] was prepared. The reaction of the lithium salts of compounds 4 and 5 with MCl4, (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) in 2:1 ratio afforded the corresponding hexacoordinate metal complexes of the types [{N,O‐(OziPr–OPh)}2MCl2] [M = Ti (6), Zr (7), Hf (8)] and [{N,O‐(OztBu–OPh)}2MCl2] [M = Ti (9), Zr (10), Hf (11)], respectively. The molecular structures of 6, 7, and 8 were established by X‐ray structural studies. The structures showed a helical screw‐shaped molecular entity with two alternating N,O‐chelating ancillary ligands and two cis‐chlorido ligands at the metal centers. In the case of compound 6, chiral locking by two N,O‐chelating ligands at the titanium resulted in unusual air stability. The cyclic voltammogram showed electrochemically quasireversible reduction for compound 6, whereby the half‐life of the reduction state was about 3 s.
Syntheses, Characterization and X‐ray Structure of the First Silver(I) Complexes with 4‐Amino‐3‐thioxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(2H)‐one
Authors: Tabatabaee Masoumeh , Ghassemzadeh Mitra , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractReaction of thiocarbohydrazide with glyoxolic acid monohydrate led to 4‐amino‐3‐thioxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(2H)‐one (AHTTO, 1). Treatment of 1 with AgNO3 and PPh3 gave thecomplexes [(PPh3)2Ag2(μ‐N,S‐AHTTO)2](NO3)2 (2) and [(PPh3)2Ag(AHTTO)]NO3·MeOH (3) was obtained under different conditions. All the compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction studies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Pyroborate by Solution Combustion and Conventional Ceramic Methods: A Comparative Study
Authors: Altuntaş Öztaş Nurşen , Erdoğan Halil 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSolution Combustion Synthesis (SCS) and ConventionalCeramic Process (CCP) were applied for the preparation of magnesium pyroborate (Mg2B2O5) from Mg(NO3)2·6H2O and H3BO3. Structural and morphological properties of the products were comparatively examined by XRD and FT‐IR spectroscopic measurements as well as SEM and BET techniques. The effects of synthesis conditions on the properties of products were investigated throughly by optimizing the B/Mg molar ratio and reaction duration in CCP and by optimizing the fuel (carbohydrazide) quantity in SCS. Pure Mg2B2O5 (triclinicsuanite) was obtained by thermal treatment in CCP employing a B/Mg molar ratio of 3:1. It was found that the fuel must be in close proximity to the stoichiometric requirements in order to obtain the desired product in highly crystalline form from SCS. The Mg2B2O5 samples obtained by both methods exhibited similar structural properties but different morphologies.
Synthesis and Structural Analysis of New Palladium(II) Thiosaccharinates with Triphenylphosphane or Diphosphanes
Authors: Tarulli Susana H. , Quinzani Oscar V. , Mandolesi Sandra D. , Guida Jorge A. , Echeverría Gustavo A. , Piro Oscar E. , Castellano Eduardo E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA series of palladium(II) thiosaccharinates with triphenylphosphane (PPh3), bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane (dppm), and bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (dppe) have been prepared and characterized. From mixtures of thiosaccharin, Htsac, and palladium(II) acetylacetonate, Pd(acac)2, the palladium(II) thiosaccharinate, Pd(tsac)2 (tsac: thiosaccharinate anion) (1) was prepared. The reaction of 1 with PPh3, dppm, and dppe leads to the mononuclear species Pd(tsac)2(PPh3)2·MeCN (2), [Pd(tsac)2(dppm)] (3), Pd(tsac)2(dppm)2 (4), and [Pd(tsac)2(dppe)]·MeCN (5). Compounds 2, 4, and 5 have been prepared also by the reaction of Pd(acac)2 with the corresponding phosphane and Htsac. All the new complexes have been characterized by chemical analysis, UV/Vis, IR, and Raman spectroscopy. Some of them have been also characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The crystalline structures of complexes 3, and 5 have been studied by X‐ray diffraction techniques. Complex 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 16.3537(2), b = 13.3981(3), c = 35.2277(7) Å, β = 91.284(1)°, and Z = 8 molecules per unit cell, and complex 5 in P21/n with a = 10.6445(8), b = 26.412(3), c = 15.781(2) Å, β = 107.996(7)°, and Z = 4. In compounds 3 and 5, the palladium ions are in a distorted square planar environment. They are closely related, having two sulfur atoms of two thiosaccharinate anions, and two phosphorus atoms of one molecule of dppm or dppe, respectively, bonded to the PdII atom. The molecular structure of complex 3 is the first reported for a mononuclear PdII‐dppm‐thionate system.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Thermal Behavior of [BiAg3Br6(PPh3)6] and [Bi3Ag6(SPh)6Cl3(PPhiPr2)3]
Authors: Sommer Heino , Eichhöfer Andreas , Fenske Dieter 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterization of two silver bismuth complexes [BiAg3Br6(PPh3)6] (1) and [Bi3Ag6(SPh)12Cl3(PPhiPr2)3] (2) is reported. Complex 1 can be obtained from the reaction of BiBr3 with AgPhCO2, PhSSiMe3, and PPh3. The reaction of bismuth(III) chloride (BiCl3) and silverbenzoate (AgPhCO2) with PhSSiMe3 in the presence of PPhiPr2 in DME leads to [Bi3Ag6(SPh)12Cl3(PPhiPr2)3] (2). The crystal structures of the compounds were determined by X‐ray analysis of single crystals, and the thermal behavior of the compounds was investigated.
CoGa2O4 Nanoparticles and Films Using a Single Molecular Source
Authors: Mathur Sanjay , Cavelius Christian , Shen Hao 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMixed‐metal tert‐butoxide, [CoGa2(OtBu)8], was employed in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sol‐gel processes to obtain thin films and nanoparticles of spinel CoGa2O4 phase, respectively. The appropriate Co:Ga ratio and intact vaporization (115–120 °C / 10–2 Torr) of the molecular source produced crystalline deposits of CoGa2O4 at relatively low temperatures (~ 500 °C). A clean transformation of the heterometal precursor in spinel oxide of definite composition was supported by TG/DTA analysis that showed no weight loss above 470 °C. The SEM images of CoGa2O4 films showed homogeneous morphology and dense microstructure constituted by nanometric grains (<d>, ~ 35 nm). Hydrolytic decomposition of the precursor produced gels that upon heat‐treatment (400–1200 °C) formed nanoscaled spinel. For comparison, CoGa2O4 was also prepared by complexing Co2+ and Ga3+ ions with glycolate ligands, significant agglomeration effect, broader size dispersion and amorphous domains were observed indicating that low‐temperature synthesis of monophasic materials following conventional chemical approaches is hampered by thermodynamic impediments. The UV/Vis spectra of CoGa2O4 particles exhibit characteristic peaks corresponding to 4A2(F) → 4T1(P) transition in the divalent cobalt cation. The magnetization data of the CoGa2O4 nanoparticles showed as expected an antiferromagentic behavior.
Synthesis and Structure of a Highly Chlorinated C78: C78(2)Cl30
Authors: Troyanov Sergey I. , Tamm Nadezhda B. , Chen Chuanbao , Yang Shangfeng , Kemnitz Erhard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA highly chlorinated C78 fullerene, C78(2)Cl30, was obtained by the reaction of the isomer C78 (2) with SbCl5 in ampoules at 330–340 °C. Single‐crystal structure determination revealed that the C2v‐C78Cl30 molecule contains only isolated double bonds and aromatic benzenoid rings in the C78 carbon cage. Therefore, C78Cl30 represents the highest possible chlorination degree for C78 fullerenes obtained so far.
Three Lead(II) Complexes in One Coordination Polymer, [Pb(TpyCl)Cl][Pb(TpyCl)Cl2][PbCl3](CH3OH)
Authors: Saghatforoush Lotfali , Marandi Farzin , Pantenburg Ingo , Meyer Gerd 
Published: July 2009

Abstract[Pb(TpyCl)Cl][Pb(TpyCl)Cl2][PbCl3](CH3OH) (1), a new coordination polymer of divalent lead with the ligand 4′‐chloro‐2,2′:6′,2"‐terpyridine (TpyCl), was obtained as single crystals by the branched tube method. The crystal structure contains three complexes, the cationic [Pb(TpyCl)Cl]+, the neutral [Pb(TpyCl)Cl2] and the anionic [PbCl3]–, which are connected through bridging chlorides and hydrogen bonds to a two‐dimensional coordination polymer. In all three complexes, the arrangement around the Pb2+ ion suggests the existence of a stereoactive lone pair.
A First and Homoleptic Rare Earth 3D‐Bipyrazolate MOF:{}^3_\infty[Eu(Me4BpzH)3(Me4BpzH2)]
Authors: Zurawski Alexander , Sieler Joachim , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe homoleptic framework {}^3_\infty[Eu(Me4BpzH)3(Me4BpzH2)], Me4BpzH– = 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐4,4′‐bipyrazolate anion, C10H13N4–, Me4BpzH2 = 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐4,4′‐bipyrazole, C10H14N4, is obtained by a high‐temperature oxidation of the metal europium with a self consuming melt of 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐4,4′‐bipyrazole above 300 °C. The framework structure initiates from a three‐dimensional linkage of europium atoms and bridging ligands that coordinate with one nitrogen atom of each aromatic ring linking η1:η1 through front and backside of the bicyclic ring system. The framework has a (4,8) topology and is the first example of a rare earth bipyrazolate. Thus, for the trivalent eightfold by nitrogen atoms coordinated europium, a sterically rather crowded ligand with four methyl groups is able to yield a 3D‐framework. The crystal structure was refined from systematically eightfold twinned crystals as meroedric fourfold twins with a subsequent racemic twinning of the fourfold twin individuals.