bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum estradiol levels associated with specific gene expression patterns in normal breast tissue and in breast carcinomas
Authors: Haakensen Vilde D , Bjøro Trine , Lüders Torben , Riis Margit , Bukholm Ida K , Kristensen Vessela N , Troester Melissa A , Homen Marit M , Ursin Giske , Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Helland Åslaug 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundHigh serum levels of estradiol are associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Little is known about the gene expression in normal breast tissue in relation to levels of circulating serum estradiol.MethodsWe compared whole genome expression data of breast tissue samples with serum hormone levels using data from 79 healthy women and 64 breast cancer patients. Significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) was used to identify differentially expressed genes and multivariate linear regression was used to identify independent associations.ResultsSix genes (SCGB3A1, RSPO1, TLN2, SLITRK4, DCLK1, PTGS1) were found differentially expressed according to serum estradiol levels (FDR = 0). Three of these independently predicted estradiol levels in a multivariate model, asSCGB3A1(HIN1) andTLN2were up-regulated andPTGS1(COX1) was down-regulated in breast samples from women with high serum estradiol. Serum estradiol, but none of the differentially expressed genes were significantly associated with mammographic density, another strong breast cancer risk factor. In breast carcinomas, expression ofGREB1andAREGwas associated with serum estradiol in all cancers and in the subgroup of estrogen receptor positive cases.ConclusionsWe have identified genes associated with serum estradiol levels in normal breast tissue and in breast carcinomas.SCGB3A1is a suggested tumor suppressor gene that inhibits cell growth and invasion and is methylated and down-regulated in many epithelial cancers. Our findings indicate this gene as an important inhibitor of breast cell proliferation in healthy women with high estradiol levels. In the breast, this gene is expressed in luminal cells only and is methylated in non-BRCA-related breast cancers. The possibility of a carcinogenic contribution of silencing of this gene for luminal, but not basal-like cancers should be further explored. PTGS1 induces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production which in turn stimulates aromatase expression and hence increases the local production of estradiol. This is the first report studying such associations in normal breast tissue in humans.
Pixel-to-point Transfer: a Process for Integrating Individual GaN-based Light-emitting Devices in o Heterogeneous Microsystems
Authors: Luo Z.S. , Sands T. , Cheung N.W. , Chediak J.A. , Seo J. , Lee L.P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA novel ultra-low-thermal-budget pixel-to-point transfer process based on the excimer laser lift-off and Pd-In transient-liquid-phase bonding scheme was developed for flexible and precise placement of single pixels of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LED) on target substrates. The transfer was accomplished by (1) temporarily bonding the light-emitting diode (LED) pixel to a specially designed pick-up rod with sapphire substrates facing up using Super Glue., (2) removing the sapphire substrates using laser lift-off, and (3) registering and permanently bonding the LED pixel to the designated area in the target substrates using Pd-In transient-liquid-phase bonding. An oxygen plasma was employed to remove the Super Glue® residue before further microfabrication and system integration was performed. The capability of this technique was demonstrated in the integration of GaN-based LED pixels with pre-fabricated PIN photodiode chips and thin-film bandedge filters, which formed the non-disposable subsystems of a fluorescence-based lab-on-a-chip system. The performance of these integrated LED pixels and the integrated microsystems has been assessed by evaluating the fluorescence intensity as a function of equivalent fluorescein dye concentration using disposable polydimenthyl siloxane(PDMS) microfluidic channels. GaN LEDs with peak emission at 463 nm were used to excite 515nm fluorescence from FluoSpheres® carboxylate-modified fluorescent microspheres (40nm in diamters).
Differential response of the homoploid hybrid speciesIris nelsonii(Iridaceae) and its progenitors to abiotic habitat conditions
Authors: Taylor Sunni J. , Willard Rees W. , Shaw Joshua P. , Dobson Mary C. , Martin Noland H. 
Published: August 2011

•Premise of the Study:Homoploid hybrid speciation involves the evolution of reproductive isolation between a hybrid lineage and its progenitors without a change in chromosome number. Ecological divergence presumably plays a large role in the stabilization of hybrid lineages, as all homoploid hybrid species described to date are reported to be ecologically divergent from their progenitors. However, the described ecological divergence in most systems is anecdotal and has not been empirically tested.•Methods:We assessed the vegetative response ofIris nelsonii, a homoploid hybrid species, and its three progenitor species,I. brevicaulis,I. fulva, andI. hexagona, to different abiotic conditions (i.e., varied sunlight availability and flooding conditions) that largely characterize the habitats of these four species in their natural habitats in Louisiana, USA.•Key Results:The species differed in their responses to the water‐level treatment for many of the response variables, including rhizome weight, ramet growth, plant height, and two principal components used to characterize the data. The species differed in their response to the light‐level treatment for root allocation and the principal component used to characterize plant size.Iris nelsoniisignificantly differed from its progenitors, including its most closely related progenitor species, in response to many of the treatments.•Conclusions:The differential response to abiotic habitat conditions ofI. nelsoniisuggests that this species is ecologically divergent from its progenitor species.
Central and Peripheral Corneal Iron Deposits After Implantation of a Small-aperture Corneal Inlay for Correction of Presbyopia
Authors: Dexl Alois K. , Ruckhofer Josef , Riha Wolfgang , Hohensinn Melchior , Rueckl Theresa , Messmer Elisabeth M. , Grabner Gunther , Seyeddain Orang 
Published: August 2011

PURPOSE:
To describe central and peripheral corneal iron deposition after implantation of the AcuFocus corneal inlay (ACI 7000, AcuFocus Inc) for the surgical correction of presbyopia.

METHODS:
Patients who underwent inlay implantation between September 2006 and May 2007 and displaying corneal iron deposits were enrolled in the study.

RESULTS:
Eighteen (56%) eyes of 32 patients developed corneal iron deposition within 36 months after corneal inlay implantation. One (5.5%) eye had a central spot-like iron deposition only, 10 (55.5%) eyes had formation of deposits in a half-moon shape in the inferior cornea parallel to the outer margin of the inlay or a complete circular ring formation, and 7 (39%) eyes demonstrated deposits in both areas. The median interval between implantation and diagnosis of corneal iron deposition was 18±9 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Corneal iron deposition can develop in different shapes after implantation of the small-aperture ACI 7000. Alterations in tear film thickness, its composition, and corneal epithelial basal cell storage, resulting from changes in corneal topography, may be contributing factors for these specific iron depositions.
Surgical Management of Toxic Multinodular Goiter
Authors: Digonnet Antoine , Willemse Esther , Dekeyser Cécile , Aubain Nicolas de Saint , Michel Moreau , Andry Guy 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTManagement of toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) is still debated. We report our current experience with thyroidectomy for toxic multinodular goiter at a tertiary center. A retrospective database of 141 patients who underwent surgery for TMNG disease from January 1985 to December 2008. During that period, six patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy and 135 patients underwent near total thyroidectomy. Around 53 patients (38%) underwent surgery for recurrent disease after medical therapy; 88 patients (62%) had surgery as a primary treatment, the indications were large goiter size in 58 (66%), associated cold nodule in 16 (18%), patient preference in 14 (16%). The incidence of cancer was 6.4%. Permanent hypoparathyroidism was observed in two patients. Unilateral transitory vocal cord palsy was observed in 11 patients (8%), no bilateral transitory vocal cord palsy was observed. One unilateral definitive vocal cord palsy was observed and was provoked by a mediastinal compression. Two patients (1.5%) experienced postoperative hemorrhagia requiring surgical revision. Near total thyroidectomy for TMNG provide an immediate and definitive treatment with a low complication rate. Near total thyroidectomy offers an appropriate treatment for coexisting malignancy. Only NTT can alleviate compressive symptoms. This procedure can be safely recommended even as a primary treatment.
Intraoperative Sonographic Localization of Insulinoma: Case Reports and Review of Literature
Authors: Agrawal NK , Pandey Durgatosh , Sharma Balram , Gahlot Ankur , Naik DB , Siddiqui SS , Jain Pankaj , Singh Surya K 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT
Insulinomas, a rare clinical entity, are usually small, single, benign and intrapancreatic in location. Several modalities are available for preoperative localization of insulinomas. Intraoperative ultrasound is an important tool used for localization as well as to find anatomical relation of tumor to surrounding tissue. We are reporting three cases of insulinomas with brief discussion on modalities used for localization. After biochemical confirmation of hyperinsulinemia, preoperative localization was done initially by computed tomography followed by intraoperative ultrasonography. Preoperative localization by computed tomography was successful in all the cases but missed an additional lesion in one of the patients which was picked up by intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) that changed surgical management. Preoperative localization may not be successful in all the cases. Intraoperative direct inspection, palpation and ultrasound can be used to identify lesions in the cases where preoperative localization was unsuccessful.
Monozygotic twin discordance for phacomatosis cesioflammea further supports the post‐zygotic mutation hypothesis
Authors: Castori Marco , Sarazani Stefano , Binni Francesco , Pezzella Francesca Romana , Cruciani Giovanni , Grammatico Paola 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPhacomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a group of sporadic skin disorders combining widespread cutaneous capillary malformations and pigmented nevi. Etiopathogenesis of the various forms of PPV is unknown, although a non‐allelic twin spotting has been proposed as the most likely underlying mechanism. We report on the second instance of monozygotic twin discordance for PPV. Identical twins were observed shortly after birth, one affected by PPV and the other healthy, except for a standard Mongolian spot. Membrane examination was compatible with a monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy, and microsatellite analysis demonstrated monozygosity. This report confirms that PPV likely originates from a post‐zygotic mutation rising shortly after conception and affecting different cell lineages. Speculations about mechanisms linked to phenotypic discrepancies among identical twins were also put forward. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gold for CC Coupling Reactions: A Swiss‐Army‐Knife Catalyst?
Authors: Wegner Hermann A. , Auzias Mathieu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFor organic chemists, the construction of CC bonds is the most essential aspect of the assembly of molecules. Transition‐metal‐catalyzed coupling reactions have evolved as one of the key tools for this task. Lately, gold has also emerged as a catalyst for this kind of transformation. Gold, with its special properties as a mild carbophilic π Lewis acid, its ability to insert into CH bonds, and, as discovered recently, its ability to undergo redox transformations, offers the opportunity to apply all this potent proficiency for the construction of compounds in an efficient and economical way. This Minireview critically presents the CC coupling reactions enabled by gold catalysts to encourage further research activities in this promising area of oxidation/reduction gold catalysts.
Neuer Fähranleger für den Seehafen Rostock Tobias Günzl
Authors: Günzl Tobias 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDer Seehafen Rostock ist einer der Hauptfährhäfen für den Ostseeverkehr. Bis 2012 wird für zwei neue Fähren der Reederei Scandlines ein Anleger ausgebaut. Ziel ist es, die Transportkapazität zu verdoppeln. Die innovative und moderne Hafenanlage mit zwei Rampen wird ausschließlich für die hochspezialisierten RoRo‐Schiffe von Scandlines geplant, welche mit einer Staulänge von ca. 1600 m über Haupt‐ und Oberdeck abgefertigt werden. Die gleichzeitige Bedienung übereinanderliegender Schiffsdecks garantiert kurze Liegezeiten trotz eines höheren Umschlagsvolumens. Im Folgenden wird auf die Planung des Fähranlegers und die damit verbundenen technischen Herausforderungen, wie die Maßnahmen zur Optimierung der Kinematik für eine schnellere Be‐ und Entladezeit der Fähren, eingegangen. Hervorzuheben ist, dass bei der Planung eine Patentlösung zur Optimierung der Fährbrücken realisiert wurde.
Nick Sealing by T4 DNA Ligase on a Modified DNA Template: Tethering a Functional Molecule on D‐Threoninol
Authors: Liang Xingguo , Fujioka Kenta , Asanuma Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEfficient DNA nick sealing catalyzed by T4 DNA ligase was carried out on a modified DNA template in which an intercalator such as azobenzene had been introduced. The intercalator was attached to a D‐threoninol linker inserted into the DNA backbone. Although the structure of the template at the point of ligation was completely different from that of native DNA, two ODNs could be connected with yields higher than 90 % in most cases. A systematic study of sequence dependence demonstrated that the ligation efficiency varied greatly with the base pairs adjacent to the azobenzene moiety. Interestingly, when the introduced azobenzene was photoisomerized to the cis form on subjection to UV light (320–380 nm), the rates of ligation were greatly accelerated for all sequences investigated. These unexpected ligations might provide a new approach for the introduction of functional molecules into long DNA strands in cases in which direct PCR cannot be used because of blockage of DNA synthesis by the introduced functional molecule. The biological significance of this unexpected enzymatic action is also discussed on the basis of kinetic analysis,.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Aqueous‐Phase Heck Reaction Catalyzed by a Robust Hydrophilic Pyridine‐Bridged Bisbenzimidazolylidene—Palladium Pincer Complex.
Authors: Wang Zhixun , Feng Xike , Fang Weiwei , Tu Tao 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis reaction provides the first example of N‐heterocyclic carbenes which catalyze the Heck reaction with extremely low catalyst loading, by using the title complex as a molecular catalyst.
Characterization of PDZ domain‐peptide interaction interface based on energetic patterns
Authors: Li Nan , Hou Tingjun , Ding Bo , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPDZ domain is one of the abundant modular domains that recognize short peptide sequences to mediate protein–protein interactions. To decipher the binding specificity of PDZ domain, we analyzed the interactions between 11 mouse PDZ domains and 2387 peptides using a method called MIEC‐SVM, which energetically characterizes the domain‐peptide interaction using molecular interaction energy components (MIECs) and predicts binding specificity using support vector machine (SVM). Cross‐validation and leave‐one‐domain‐out test showed that the MIEC‐SVM using all 44 PDZ‐peptide residue pairs at the interaction interface outperformed the sequence‐based methods in the literature. A further feature (residue pair) selection procedure illustrated that 16 residue pairs were uninformative to the binding specificity, even though they contributed significantly (∼50%) to the binding energy. If only using the 28 informative residue pairs, the performance of the MIEC‐SVM on predicting the PDZ binding specificity was significantly improved. This analysis suggests that the informative and uninformative residue interactions between the PDZ domain and the peptide may represent those contributing to binding specificity and affinity, respectively. We performed additional structural and energetic analyses to shed light on understanding how the PDZ‐peptide recognition is established. The success of the MIEC‐SVM method on PDZ domains in this study and SH3 domains in our previous studies illustrates its generality on characterizing protein‐peptide interactions and understanding protein recognition from a structural and energetic viewpoint. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An optimized MM/PBSA virtual screening approach applied to an HIV‐1 gp41 fusion peptide inhibitor
Authors: Venken Tom , Krnavek Daniela , Münch Jan , Kirchhoff Frank , Henklein Petra , De Maeyer Marc , Voet Arnout 
Published: August 2011

AbstractVIRus Inhibitory Peptide (VIRIP), a 20 amino acid peptide, binds to the fusion peptide (FP) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) gp41 and blocks viral entry. VIRIP derivatives with improved antiviral activity have been developed, and one of those derivatives has recently proven effective and safe in a phase 1/2 clinical trial. Here, molecular dynamics were executed in combination with molecular mechanics/Poisson‐Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) free energy calculations to explore the binding interaction between VIRIP derivatives and gp41 FP. A promising correlation between antiviral activity and simulated binding free energy was established thanks to restriction of the flexibility of the peptides, inclusion of configurational entropy calculations, and the use of multiple internal dielectric constants for the MM/PBSA calculations depending on the amino acid sequence. Based on these results, a virtual screening experiment was carried out to design VIRIP analogs with further improved antiretroviral activity. A selection of peptides was tested for inhibitory activity and several VIRIP derivatives were identified with significantly enhanced activity compared to the reference peptides. The results demonstrate that computational modeling strategies using an adapted MM/PBSA methodology improve the accuracy of binding free energy calculations of peptide complexes compared to the classic MM/PBSA protocol. As such, this virtual screening approach generated HIV‐1 gp41 FP inhibitors with improved antiviral activity that could be useful for future clinical applications. Proteins 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spotted wing drosophila infestation of California strawberries and raspberries: economic analysis of potential revenue losses and control costs
Authors: Goodhue Rachael E , Bolda Mark , Farnsworth Derek , Williams Jeffrey C , Zalom Frank G 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Economic costs of spotted wing drosophila (SWD) include yield and associated revenue losses, labor and material costs for monitoring and management and revenue losses due to the closure of export markets should fruit from SWD‐infested regions be banned by trading partners. This analysis focuses on two types of loss in the California raspberry and strawberry industries: yield losses in the absence of management, and insecticide material costs on a per treatment basis. It computes the cost of a specific management program for raspberries in California's Central Coast region.RESULTS: Insecticide material and application costs per treatment and the cost of the management program are small relative to the yield losses in the absence of management that are observed by growers, researchers and others in initial infestations.CONCLUSION: It is difficult to evaluate precisely the share of pest management program costs due to SWD because insecticides are sometimes used to manage multiple pests, and because labor‐intensive field sanitation efforts to control SWD are recommended practices already. Given these considerations, this analysis finds that the benefits to SWD management well outweigh the costs examined here. Evaluating the efficacy of managing SWD is essential in assessing the risks that SWD poses and the benefits of pest management programs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Evolution of symbiotic organs and endosymbionts in lygaeid stinkbugs
Authors: Matsuura Yu , Kikuchi Yoshitomo , Hosokawa Takahiro , Koga Ryuichi , Meng Xian-Ying , Kamagata Yoichi , Nikoh Naruo , Fukatsu Takema 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We investigated seed bugs of the genus Nysius (Insecta: Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) for their symbiotic bacteria. From all the samples representing 4 species, 18 populations and 281 individuals, specific bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were consistently identified, which formed a distinct clade in the Gammaproteobacteria. In situ hybridization showed that the bacterium was endocellularly localized in a pair of large bacteriomes that were amorphous in shape, deep red in color, and in association with gonads. In the ovary of adult females, the endosymbiont was also localized in the ‘infection zone’ in the middle of each germarium and in the ‘symbiont ball’ at the anterior pole of each oocyte, indicating vertical transmission of the endosymbiont through the ovarial passage. Phylogenetic analyses based on bacterial 16S rRNA, groEL and gyrB genes consistently supported a coherent monophyly of the Nysius endosymbionts. The possibility of a sister relationship to ‘Candidatus Kleidoceria schneideri’, the bacteriome-associated endosymbiont of a lygaeid bug Kleidocerys resedae, was statistically rejected, indicating independent evolutionary origins of the endosymbionts in the Lygaeidae. The endosymbiont genes consistently exhibited AT-biased nucleotide compositions and accelerated rates of molecular evolution, and the endosymbiont genome was only 0.6 Mb in size. The endosymbiont phylogeny was congruent with the host insect phylogeny, suggesting strict vertical transmission and host–symbiont co-speciation over evolutionary time. Based on these results, we discuss the evolution of bacteriomes and endosymbionts in the Heteroptera, most members of which are associated with gut symbiotic bacteria. The designation ‘Candidatus Schneideria nysicola’ is proposed for the endosymbiont clade.