bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research of typical frame section of a fuselage against crash
Authors: Feng Zhenzhou , Wang Bin , Wang Cunxian , Suo Tao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study focused on a typical fuselage section of a certain type of civil aircraft. Optimization of parameters such as the angle of floor-mounted columns, column structural forms, and column stiffness was conducted. Finite element models were developed for each parameter configuration. Commercial software was used to simulate the crash process of the fuselage section. By analyzing key crashworthiness parameters such as fuselage deformation and acceleration at the floor, it was determined that the fuselage section exhibited minimal acceleration overload when the column angle was 20°. The optimal design for crashworthiness was found to be the H-shaped column with moderate stiffness.
Research on the nose wheel rotation angle boundary of civil aircraft
Authors: Yu Qiao , Wang Yongjie , Wang Mingqian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Simulation is an important design tool in the engineering field. It plays a crucial role in the process of requirement analysis and confirmation in design. This paper first introduces the positioning of simulation in the design field and then establishes the models to analyze the nose wheel corner stability boundary based on mature dynamic models and the data from the engineering field. All these simulation models are built in the landing phase of an aircraft, considering the motion of an aircraft on the ground in this situation and analyzing the changes in the nose wheel steering angle under different weights. After analysis and calculation, we concluded that the higher the speed of the aircraft taxiing on the ground, the smaller the rotation angle of the nose wheels. The analysis results can be used as a reference for rotation angles in aircraft design.
Parameter identification of Steel-Net pad vibration isolator based on particle swarm optimization algorithms
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Ke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To prove the effectiveness and accuracy of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for parameter identification of steel wire mesh mat isolator. The influence of different loading conditions on the mechanical properties of steel wire mesh gasket elements was investigated. The sinusoidal loading test was carried out to obtain the test response data. The mechanical properties of the wire mesh mat are described by a double-fold model, and the parameter identification equation of the isolator is established. The model parameters are identified by particle swarm optimization and test response data. It is proved that the hysteresis curves calculated by the identified parameters agree well with the experimental results. It is proved that the particle swarm optimization algorithm is effective and accurate for the parameter identification of steel wire mesh mat isolator. It is a parameter identification method with engineering application value.
Study on the improvement of stall characteristics of civil aircraft in wind tunnel test
Authors: Zhang Li , Jiang Xiaoli , Li Qiujie , Zhou Xing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to improve the stall characteristics of civil aircrafts and increase the maximum available lift coefficient, this paper studied two types of aerodynamic combination measures through wind tunnel test--the inner slat gap seal and outer slat modification, as well as the inner slat stall bar and outer slat modification. The test results showed that the combination measures of the inner slat gap seal and outer slat modification can make the horizontal roll stall divergence angle at least 1° greater than the longitudinal stall angle of attack, and the turning roll stall divergence angle is at least 2° later than the longitudinal stall angle of attack. The combination measures of the inner slat stall bar and outer slat modification can make the horizontal roll stall divergence angle about 2° greater than the longitudinal stall angle of attack, and the turning roll stall divergence angle is also about 2° later than the longitudinal stall angle of attack. The test results indicate that the two types of aerodynamic combination schemes can improve the stall characteristics and change the stall type into the longitudinal stall.
The implementation of metrology calibration system for MLS
Authors: Sun Shixiang , Li Nuo , Jin Shan , He Qiuhong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The microwave landing system plays a crucial role in the aircraft landing for it provides high-precision ranging and other information for the sake of a safe aircraft landing. This paper presents the hardware design and software design of a metrology calibration system for the Microwave Landing Simulator (MLS). Due to the complexity of MLS’s functions and the output of weak time-division multiplexing multiplexed modulation signals, there are many difficulties that should be solved in its calibration process. In order to meet technical requirements and provide reliable support, this article establishes a dedicated metrology calibration scheme and designs the overall hardware and software of the calibration system. The microwave power amplifier is customized as required parameters including the demodulator, and the main control computers are chosen. Meanwhile, the software is developed with LabVIEW. Finally, the Metrology Calibration System is proposed to satisfy the metrology calibration.
Experimental study on the fireproof properties of electrical connectors
Authors: Zeng Tai , Wu Bin , Xie Fei , Su Zhengliang , Liu Xinyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines the fireproof capabilities of electrical connectors, specifically focusing on their performance under flame impact conditions. The research reveals critical failure points, including the connections between electrical connectors and cables, as well as the carbonization of insulation materials. Notably, connectors utilizing PSU-based insulation materials demonstrated remarkable resilience, withstanding a five-minute flame test, although they ultimately succumbed to carbonization. Specifically, connectors lasted for 2 minutes and 10 seconds without a firewall and up to 5 minutes and 38 seconds with a firewall. The findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the fireproof reliability and airworthiness compliance of aircraft engine components.
Research on control surface failure reconfiguration method for flying wing UAV
Authors: Meng Hangbiao , Bai Yalei , Qian Bangfei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To address the degradation of control performance and flight safety issues caused by actuator failures in flying wing UAVs, this paper introduces a reconfiguration strategy that combines active disturbance rejection dynamic inversion with the weighted pseudoinverse method. The strategy follows a modular design approach, dividing the controller into two independent modules: control allocation and control law. The control law employs a cascaded structure combining active disturbance rejection control with dynamic inversion, achieving decoupling of the control channels while providing real-time compensation for external disturbances and system uncertainties, thereby significantly enhancing system robustness. When the actuator fails, the control allocator uses the weighted pseudo-inverse method to reallocate the remaining functional actuators to offset the aerodynamic moment changes caused by the failure, enabling system reconfiguration. Simulation results demonstrate that this reconfiguration method can maintain accurate tracking of control commands even in the presence of actuator failures, ensuring safe UAV flight.
The ignition test and numerical simulation analysis of the combustion chamber with mini Г-vaporizer in windmill state
Authors: Qian Xin , Fan Taofeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The combustion chamber ignition test system of a micro turbojet engine is used to simulate the 0.5Ma windmill environment to verify the influence of different nozzles in the vaporizer on the ignition performance. At the same time, the numerical simulation method will be relied on to analyze the atomization and vaporization mechanism in the vaporization tube. The following conclusions: When using a pyrotechnic igniter, the success rate of ignition of pressure atomizing nozzles or three-hole nozzles for fuel supply in the combustion chamber vaporizer is higher than direct-injection nozzle, because of the reduction of nozzle atomization particle size and the minor effect of vaporization rate on ignition. Improving the ignition Fuel-Air Ratio of the direct-injection nozzle can achieve successful ignition. Effective vaporization of the Fuel-Air Ratio is the main factor in improving the ignition success rate, but the ignition in a rich Fuel-Air Ratio can easily lead to a slow start of the engine and drag fire. The fuel injected by the pressure atomizing nozzle is evenly distributed in vaporizers, with good atomization but a low vaporization rate. The vaporization rate of the three-hole nozzle is 31%, which is slightly higher than the direct-injection nozzle. However, the shearing and wall breaking of the fuel droplets injected by the three-hole nozzle can effectively reduce the fuel atomization particle size.
Investigation of the tensile mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of 2D SiC/SiC composites in thermal, mechanical, and oxidation environments
Authors: Meng Yi , Yang Shengchun , Liu Xiaochuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the macroscopic mechanical properties of 2D SiC/SiC composite materials through axial tensile tests conducted at room temperature, 1200°C argon atmosphere, and 1200°C/4kPa oxygen partial pressure. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to analyze the fracture surfaces under varying environmental conditions. The results show significant nonlinear stress-strain curves in all three temperature environments, with a 10% reduction in tensile strength observed at 1200°C in the argon atmosphere compared to room temperature. In the presence of oxygen at 1200°C, a slightly lower tensile strength is accompanied by increased data dispersion. Fracture surface analysis reveals degradation primarily in layering, interface delamination, and long fiber pull-out at 1200°C in the argon atmosphere. Different oxidation mechanisms between the two high-temperature environments lead to more severe interface layer oxidation and shorter fiber pull-out lengths under 1200°C/4kPa oxygen partial pressure.
Design of composite four-seater aircraft lightning zoning
Authors: Li Qunfang , Liu Fujia , Pan Qin , Guo Han 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Carbon fiber composite aircraft, has a special vulnerability to lightning. In the event of a lightning strike, the lightning current will cause local high temperature, and form a large area of delamination and fluffing, which will result in the reduction of structural strength. In order to avoid the serious consequences of a lightning strike on composite aircraft, lightning protection design is necessary. The first step in lightning protection design is to carry out lightning zoning. In this paper, according to SAE ARP 5414, the preliminary lightning zoning of a certain type of composite four-seater aircraft is studied. Through the determination of the initial pilot attachment position, 1A zone, 1B zone, 1C zone, 2A zone, 2B zone, 3 zones, etc., a reasonable lightning partition of a certain type of composite four-seater aircraft is obtained, which provides a technical basis for the follow-up work. The research results have guiding significance for the lightning protection design of composite four-seater aircraft.
Study on the characteristics of inductively coupled plasma discharge at different frequencies under air background
Authors: Lei Fan , Wu Hongzhi , Zhang Zhaoyang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Simulation of the two-dimensional axisymmetric inductively coupled plasma (ICP) discharge model under air background is carried out through the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics based on the hydrodynamic equations. The changes and distribution characteristics of plasma parameters are obtained and analyzed during the discharge process, including the electron density, the electronic temperature, and the macro-gas temperature of the plasma. The influence of different frequencies on flow field characteristics of ICP in the background of air is studied. The model fixed the input discharge power of 1000W and the pressure of 20Pa. The research results indicate that the plasma appears in the middle of the discharge chamber and gradually dissipates along the direction of the chamber wall. The macro-gas temperature near the inductive coil is higher than in other areas. In addition, rising discharge frequencies will lead to a decrease in plasma conductivity, which will cause the research object of plasma to gradually decrease. The proportion of O2 not only affects the relevant feature parameters of plasma, but also has an impact on the distribution of the spatial space of plasma.
Long-range transport and airborne measurements of VOCs using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry validated against GC-MS-canister data during the ASIA-AQ campaign
Authors: Oh Sea-Ho , Song Myoungki , Park Chaehyeong , Ko Dong-Hoon , Kang Seokwon , Lee Taehyoung , Park Jinsoo , Bae Min-Suk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a critical role in atmospheric chemistry, contributing to the formation of ozone, secondary PM2.5 production, and global warming. This study investigates the spatial distribution and long-range transport dynamics of VOCs over South Korea, using airborne observations conducted during the 2024 Asian Air Quality campaign. VOC concentrations were measured in urban, industrial, and long-range transport scenarios using proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography–MS with canister sampling. The results demonstrate that benzene shows significant vertical and spatial dispersion during long-range transport due to its intermediate atmospheric lifetime, which allows it to persist and impact downwind air quality. Additionally, Chlorinated VOCs, such as 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, display transport behaviors. Their relatively consistent concentrations during long-range transport emphasize the influence of industrial activities, including coal combustion and petrochemical processes, as major sources. Elevated levels of chlorinated VOCs were primarily associated with emissions from industrial regions in Chungnam, while aromatic VOCs were predominantly linked to urban traffic emissions. These findings underscore the need for international cooperation to combat transboundary pollution and highlight the importance of comprehensive air quality management strategies that address both urban and industrial emission sources. This study provides essential insights into the atmospheric behavior of VOCs and emphasizes the need for targeted policies to effectively regulate air pollution.
Impact of vibrations on lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles: sources, degradation mechanisms, and testing standards
Authors: Awan Umar , Ghabraie Kazem , Zolfagharian Ali , Rolfe Bernard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have a range of components that produce noise vibration harshness (NVH) at different frequencies compared to vehicles with an internal combustion engine. The propagation of random vibration frequencies from the mentioned sources to EV batteries can cause fatigue damage. Therefore, knowledge of the EV battery performance under extreme vibration conditions is important for evaluating the life and sustainability of battery packaging. In this review, we attempt to explain all possible sources of vibrations in EVs, the vibration-based degradation mechanism of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and international standards for the vibration testing of batteries. Three important vibration standards have been explained in this study: UN 38.3, IEC 62660-2, and SAE J2380, to compare the degradation of three forms of LIBs (pouch, prismatic, and cylindrical). This review investigated the impact of vibrations on EV batteries by drawing connections between vibration and battery performance, highlighting EV NVH sources, and discussing vibration standards for battery testing. In addition, the effect of vibration on the process of deterioration and the safety concerns of LIB cells are discussed. Finally, this study points out the research gaps that need to be addressed to improve the future performance of EV batteries.
Women and the Wolffian Philosophy
Authors: Dyck Corey W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wolff’s impact upon women philosophers in the first half of the eighteenth century remains an important but under-appreciated aspect of his legacy. This chapter considers how the Wolffian philosophy served as an important point of reference, and departure, for the ambitious projects of two German thinkers: Luise Adelgunde Viktorie Gottsched and Johanna Charlotte Unzer. Gottsched’s most philosophically interesting contributions consist of translations (in a number of cases of works by female authors), whereas Unzer’s principal philosophical publication is a digest of Wolffian logic and metaphysics intended for female readers. Both women also adopt a distinctive philosophical agenda, which draws and expands upon Wolffian insights.
The Paradoxes of Sensation
Authors: Dyck Corey W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the impact of Wolff’s empirical psychology and focusses on one key component of his treatment, namely, the account of sensation. Contrary to scholarly consensus, sensation is assigned a role of central significance in Wolff’s metaphysics, in both his account of the nature and essence of the soul and his epistemology. The centrality of sensation becomes a key point of contention in the dispute with the Pietists as Lange in particular raises legitimate questions about its consistency with core Wolffian claims, especially the freedom of the will. These evident difficulties give rise to various sorts of strategies on the part of Wolffian thinkers to address them, and two notable examples are considered here, namely, those of A. G. Baumgarten and A. W. Amo.
G. F. Meier on the Fate of the Soul
Authors: Dyck Corey W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the variation and evolution within Wolffian discussions of immortality. The development of the discussion is traced from Wolff’s original presentation through to that of A. G. Baumgarten, whose account is notable for its sympathy with Pietist concerns. I then turn to G. F. Meier, who attempts to show, on grounds acceptable to the Wolffian, that all attempts to mathematically demonstrate that the soul is immortal, and that it will retain its distinctive capacities in the afterlife, are doomed to fall short. Significantly, these considerations lead Meier to develop a distinctive perspective on our certainty of immortality, one that locates the principal source of our certainty that the soul will survive the body’s death in the significance of that claim as a support for morality.
A New Civilization
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A new civilization created by the technical advances of the two pre-World War I generations was based on the unprecedented consumption of fossil energies (dominated by coal and liquid fuels). The eventual impacts of its fundamental inventions and innovations (be it electricity generation or production of new materials) would not have been possible without rapid gains in performance, above all to the rising capacities and efficiencies of new techniques. Some of its creators enjoyed longevity and wide acclaim, others had difficult, even tragic lives. The origins of many everyday activities that were common during the closing years of the twentieth century can be traced back not only to the Age of Synergy but, disproportionately, also to the 1880s, perhaps the most inventive decade in history.
New Realities and Counterintuitive Worlds
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Great technical transformation created a new, increasingly anthropogenic, world with, inevitably, many desirable gains and many regrettable losses. High-energy societies experience unprecedented quality of life, enjoy instant communication, and high-speed travel, but some of these achievements have already reached or are approaching performance plateaus. Globalization of economies led to greater interdependence, to some highly concentrated productive capacities (be it in transportation or computing), and to high productivities as well to the transformation of labor (shift to services), but it has not eliminated many inequalities. The most worrisome obverse of these global transformations has been large-scale environmental degradation. The mass of the human global population has, long ago, surpassed the mass of all wild mammals; entire ecosystems have been altered or destroyed; despite increasing controls, many pollutants exceed safe levels; and the rising emissions of greenhouse gases created a worrisome case of new, global environmental change that has no ready technical fixes.
Optimizing Drug Sensitivity Assays in Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids: A Comparison of IC50 Estimation Methods and Experimental Parameters
Authors: Chen Yidan , Zhang Jian , Zhang Bin , Lee Hong Kai , Xie Suyao , Shen Wei , Chen Xueqin , You Mingliang , Shen Chongyang , Xia Bing , Xing Huayang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) hold immense potential for personalized drug sensitivity testing, but accurate efficacy determination is crucial for clinical translation. This study investigated factors influencing the accuracy and reproducibility of drug sensitivity measurements in PDOs, focusing on half-maximal-inhibitory-concentration (IC50) calculation methods, drug concentration numbers, and plate types.

Methods
PDOs were established from six primary cancer tissues, including two cervical resections, one lung biopsy, one lung pleural effusion, one breast biopsy, and one gastric resection. They were subjected to drug sensitivity assays with 21 single/combined treatments, encompassing chemotherapy and targeted therapy drugs, with concentrations standardized in fold. Utilizing 6- and 12-concentration setups, IC50 derived from GraphPad-Dose-response–Inhibition (DRI), LC-logit, and LC-probit methods were compared. Relative changes (RCs) in IC50 and area-under-the dose-response-curve (AUC) between setups and the impact of plate type on cell viability measurements were assessed.

Results
In the 12-concentration setup, no significant IC50 differences were observed among the calculation methods. Notably, GraphPad-DRI and LC-logit exhibited minimal RCs between the 6- and 12-concentration setups (0.035 and -0.033, respectively), indicating accurate IC50 quantification even with fewer drug concentrations. AUC correlated strongly with GraphPad-DRI-derived IC50 (R = 0.858) and demonstrated lower variance between technical replicates. Furthermore, opaque-bottom plates yielded higher precision in cell viability measurements compared to transparent-bottom plates.

Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into optimizing drug sensitivity testing in PDOs. By demonstrating the robustness of specific IC50 calculation methods and the feasibility of using fewer drug concentrations, this study contributed to the standardization and reliability of PDO-based drug sensitivity assays.