bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tibetans exhibit lower hemoglobin concentration and decreased heart response to hypoxia during poikilocapnia at intermediate altitude relative to Han Chinese
Authors: Moya E. A. , Yu J. J. , Brown S. , Gu W. , Lawrence E. S. , Carlson R. , Brandes A. , Wegeng W. , Amann K. , McIntosh S. E. , Powell F. L. , Simonson T. S. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundHigh-altitude populations exhibit distinct cellular, respiratory, and cardiovascular phenotypes, some of which provide adaptive advantages to hypoxic conditions compared to populations with sea-level ancestry. Studies performed in populations with a history of high-altitude residence, such as Tibetans, support the idea that many of these phenotypes may be shaped by genomic features that have been positively selected for throughout generations. We hypothesize that such traits observed in Tibetans at high altitude also occur in Tibetans living at intermediate altitude, even in the absence of severe sustained hypoxia.MethodologyWe studied individuals of high-altitude ancestry (Tibetans, n = 17 females; n = 12 males) and sea-level ancestry (Han Chinese, n = 6 females; n = 10 males), both who had been living at ∼1300 m (∼4327 ft) for at least 18 months. We measured hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), and hypoxic heart rate response (HHRR) with end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2) held constant (isocapnia) or allowed to decrease with hypoxic hyperventilation (poikilocapnia). We also quantified the contribution of CO2 on ventilation and heart rate by calculating the differences of isocapnic versus poikilocapnic hypoxic conditions (Δ V˙I/ΔPetCO2 and ΔHR/ΔPetCO2, respectively).ResultsMale Tibetans had lower [Hb] compared to Han Chinese males (p &lt; 0.05), consistent with reports for individuals from these populations living at high altitude and sea level. Measurements of ventilation (resting ventilation, HVR, and PetCO2) were similar for both groups. Heart rate responses to hypoxia were similar in both groups during isocapnia; however, HHRR in poikilocapnia was reduced in the Tibetan group (p &lt; 0.03), and the heart rate response to CO2 in hypoxia was lower in Tibetans relative to Han Chinese (p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionThese results suggest that Tibetans living at intermediate altitude have blunted cardiac responses in the context of hypoxia. Hence, only some of the phenotypes observed in Tibetans living at high altitude are observed in Tibetans living at intermediate altitude. Whereas blunted cardiac responses to hypoxia is revealed at intermediate altitudes, manifestation of other physiological adaptations to high altitude may require exposure to more severe levels of hypoxia.
Psychometric properties of the Quiet Ego Scale (iQES) within the Italian cultural context
Authors: Bernabei Laura , Silvestrini Cristiana , Grimaldi Lucrezia Andrea , Piserchia Valentina , Riggio Francesco , Marino Giovanni , Valente Donatella , Pompili Enrico 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe quiet ego indicates a more compassionate conception of self-identity that integrates others into the self by lowering the intensity of the ego and enhancing the awareness of the present moment. The Quiet Ego Scale (QES) is a 14-item self-report measure of quiet ego, and it is composed of the following four psychological domains: detached awareness, inclusive identity, perspective taking, and growth. The present study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Quiet Ego Scale within the Italian cultural context (iQES).MethodsA total of 160 Italian university students aged between 20 and 42 years, with a mean age of 22.85 years (SD = 3.41), completed the measures of the iQES and of other psychological dimensions. The psychometrics properties of iQES were assessed based on its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity through comparisons with other correlated psychological measures.ResultsAnalyses confirmed the psychometrics properties of iQES. As in previous studies, the quiet ego was positively associated with the indicators of resilience (p &lt; 0.01), happiness (p &lt; 0.05), self-esteem (p &lt; 0.01), and psychological wellbeing (p &lt; 0.01).DiscussionThe study discussed the possible uses of the iQES in the field of mental health, specifically focusing on improving adherence to psychological therapies and enhancing psychological and social well-being. The results indicated strong psychometric properties of the iQES in measuring the quiet ego construct. Our findings enrich the literature on the validity of the iQES and highlight the multidimensional nature of the quiet ego construct.
The effect of conscious mindfulness-based informative approaches on managing symptoms in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Akbulut Gönül , Erci Behice 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe research was conducted to determine the effect of conscious mindfulness based informative approaches applied in hemodialysis patients on reducing stress and managing symptoms.MethodsThis research was conducted as a real experimental model with a control group. Research population consisted of 160 hemodialysis patients. The sample of the study was determined as 120 hemodialysis patients in total, 60 in the experimental and 60 in the control group, as a result of the power analysis. After the pre-test application, a mindfulness-based stress reduction program was applied to the experimental group. In the analysis of the data collected in the research, percentage, frequency, chi-square analysis, t-test for independent groups, t-test for dependent groups were used by means of SPSS for Windows 22.00 statistical software package.ResultsThe t-test analyses of the differences between pre-test and post-test scores of hemodialysis patients in the experimental group were found to be significant in favor of the post-tests.DiscussionIt was found out that the conscious mindfulness-based informative approaches decreased the perceived stress and anxiety of the patients in the experimental group, whereas increased their levels of conscious mindfulness and symptom management.
Latent profile analysis of Eysenck’s personality dimensions and psychological constructs in university students
Authors: Pan Lin-Ling , Zhou Si-Ran , Chen Guan-Zhao , Ke Yue-Dan , Huang Zi-Ye , Wu Yu-Wei , Yan Wen-Jing 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe exploration of personality traits in relation to psychological constructs has become increasingly relevant in understanding the mental health of university students (the emerging adulthood). Studies have focused on how dimensions intersect with various psychological parameters.AimThe study aims to identify distinct personality profiles among university students based on Eysenck’s personality dimensions and investigate how these profiles differ across psychological constructs.MethodA quantitative methodology was utilized, involving 708 university students from Wenzhou and Nanjing in China as participants. The research employed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire along with other psychological measures. Latent Profile Analysis was applied to categorize the participants into distinct personality profiles.ResultsFour distinct personality profiles emerged: ‘The Reserved Analyst,’ ‘The Social Diplomat,’ ‘The Unconventional Pragmatist,’ and ‘The Impulsive Truth-Teller.’ Significant differences were found among these profiles on various psychological constructs. ‘The Social Diplomat’ exhibited the most adaptive psychological profile, with higher cognitive reappraisal (F = 45.818, p &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.163), meaning in life (F  = 17.764, p &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.070), and positive coping (F = 40.765, p &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.148) compared to other profiles. Conversely, ‘The Reserved Analyst’ showed higher intolerance of uncertainty (F = 13.854, p  &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.056) and state anxiety (F = 26.279, p  &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.101).ConclusionThis study enriches the understanding of personality traits in relation to psychological constructs within the context of university student populations. By identifying distinct personality profiles, it lays the groundwork for developing tailored mental health strategies that cater to the specific needs of different student groups.
Patients, healthcare providers, and general population preferences for hemodialysis vascular access: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Wong Tak-Sui , Chen Qian , Liu Taoran , Yu Jing , Gao Yangyang , He Yan , Zhong Qiongqiong , Tan Zijian , Liu Tinlun , Lu Jian , Huang Jian , Zhang Casper J. P. , Yin Lianghong , Hu Bo , Ming Wai-Kit 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundA patient-centered dialysis treatment option requires an understanding of patient preferences for alternative vascular accesses and nephrologists often face difficulties when recommending vascular access to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. We aimed to quantify the relative importance of various vascular access characteristics to patients, healthcare providers and general population, and how they affect acceptability for patients and healthcare providers.MethodsIn a discrete choice experiment, patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), healthcare providers, and individuals from the general population were invited to respond to a series of hypothetical vascular access scenarios that differed in five attributes: cumulative patency, infection rate, thrombosis rate, cost, and time to maturation. We estimated the respondents’ preference heterogeneity and relative importance of the attributes with a mixed logit model (MXL) and predicted the willingness to pay (WTP) of respondents via a multinomial logit model (MNL).ResultsHealthcare providers (n = 316) and the general population (n = 268) exhibited a favorable inclination toward longer cumulative patency, lower access infection rate and lower access thrombosis rate. In contrast, the patients (n = 253) showed a preference for a 3-year cumulative patency, 8% access infection rate, 35% access thrombosis rate and 1.5 access maturity time, with only the 3-year cumulative patency reaching statistical significance. Among the three respondent groups, the general population found cumulative patency less important than healthcare providers and patients did. Patients demonstrated the highest WTP for cumulative patency, indicating a willingness to pay an extra RMB$24,720(US$3,708) for each additional year of patency time.ConclusionPatients and healthcare providers had a strong preference for vascular access with superior patency. While the general population preferred vascular access with lower thrombosis rates. These results indicate that most patients prefer autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as an appropriate choice for vascular access due to its superior patency and lower complications than other vascular access types.
Characterizing health-related quality of life and identifying disease predictors among patients suspected of having long COVID: an analysis of COMET-ICE clinical trial data
Authors: Gelhorn Heather L. , Ghafoori Parima , Cutts Katelyn , Birch Helen , Savva Yulia , Satram Sacha , Lloyd Emily , Chen Wen-Hung 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionLong COVID affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Here, we investigate the extent to which symptoms experienced during the acute phase of COVID-19 are significant predictors of the presence of long COVID at 12 weeks.MethodsPost-hoc analysis of COMET-ICE trial data, which assessed sotrovimab vs. placebo for treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 among high-risk patients. Patient-reported outcome measures were completed during the trial, including the inFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome Plus (FLU-PRO Plus), the 12-Item Short Form (SF-12) Hybrid questionnaire, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health (WPAI:GH). COVID-19 symptoms and impacts (measured by the FLU-PRO Plus) and HRQoL (measured by SF-12 Hybrid and WPAI:GH) were compared between the acute phase (Days 1–21 and 29) and long-COVID phase (at Week 12) among patients with and without long COVID based on COMET-ICE data. Subgroups experiencing long COVID were derived using “All,” “Returning,” and “Persisting” symptomatic definitions. Long-COVID predictors were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model; odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsLong-COVID subgroups had significantly higher baseline scores for most FLU-PRO Plus domains and Total Score compared with the non-long-COVID group. WPAI:GH and SF-12 Hybrid scores generally showed significantly more impairment for the long-COVID subgroups at baseline and Week 12 vs. the non-long-COVID group. In the univariate analyses, all FLU-PRO Plus domains were significant predictors of long COVID (all p &lt; 0.05), with the exception of the Sense domain. Older age increased the risk of long COVID (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04, p &lt; 0.05). Non-White patients were significantly less likely to have long COVID by the Returning and Persisting definitions vs. White patients (all p &lt; 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, higher scores for the Nose domain (ORs 3.39–5.60, all p &lt; 0.01) and having COPD (ORs 3.75–6.34, all p &lt; 0.05) were significant long-COVID predictors.ConclusionPatients who progressed to long COVID had higher symptom severity during the acute disease phase and showed significantly greater negative impact on HRQoL over an extended time period from initial infection through at least the subsequent 3 months. The FLU-PRO Plus Nose domain and having COPD were significant predictors of long COVID.
A novel multivariate logistic model for predicting risk factors of failed treatment with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Sun Ke , Peng Fangchen , Xu Kaiqiang , Liu Yong , Zhou Xuanping , Shang Nan , Li Chao 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the risk factors for failed treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia (CRAB-VAP) with tigecycline and to establish a predictive model to predict the incidence of failed treatment and the prognosis of CRAB-VAP.MethodsA total of 189 CRAB-VAP patients were included in the safety analysis set from two Grade 3 A national-level hospitals between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022. The risk factors for failed treatment with CRAB-VAP were identified using univariate analysis, multivariate logistic analysis, and an independent nomogram to show the results.ResultsOf the 189 patients, 106 (56.1%) patients were in the successful treatment group, and 83 (43.9%) patients were in the failed treatment group. The multivariate logistic model analysis showed that age (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.07, p = 0.001), yes. of hypoproteinemia (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.20, 4.90, p = 0.013), the daily dose of 200 mg (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.07, 5.00, p = 0.034), yes. of medication within 14 days prior to surgical intervention (OR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.19, 7.44, p = 0.019), and no. of microbial clearance (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.70, p = 0.005) were risk factors for the failure of tigecycline treatment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the AUC area of the prediction model was 0.745 (0.675–0.815), and the decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the model was effective in clinical practice.ConclusionAge, hypoproteinemia, daily dose, medication within 14 days prior to surgical intervention, and microbial clearance are all significant risk factors for failed treatment with CRAB-VAP, with the nomogram model indicating that high age was the most important factor. Because the failure rate of CRAB-VAP treatment with tigecycline was high, this prediction model can help doctors correct or avoid risk factors during clinical treatment.
Comparison of physical activity and physical fitness in children and adolescents of Chinese Han and Tibet ethnicity
Authors: Liu Xiaodi , Tang Jiaxing , Long Weixuan , Zou Yu , Tan Jingwang 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) are important markers of health status in children and adolescents in different ethnicities. In this study, we aimed to compare the PA and PF indicators between Tibetan and Han children and adolescents.MethodsChildren and adolescents of 4–9 grades were recruited in Shigatse (n = 963) and Shanghai (n = 2,525) respectively. The information related to demographic, PA, and PF was collected via a self-reported questionnaire. PA was assessed through the participation of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) and organized sport participation (OSP). PF was estimated using the International Fitness Scale containing components of overall fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, speed and agility, muscular strength and flexibility.ResultsHan (mean age = 13.45 ± 3.3 years; 49.7% girls) and Tibet (mean age = 13.8 ± 2.5 years; 48.3% girls) children and adolescents from Shanghai and Shigatse completed the questionnaire survey. It was revealed that Tibetan students had higher MVPA, MSE and OSP than children and adolescents of Han ethnicity (p &lt; 0.01, small to medium effect size). A relatively higher percentage of student in Shanghai did not participate in any form of PA. On the other hand, less Tibetan students thought their PF indicators including overall fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, speed and agility, muscular strength and flexibility were poor or very poor than their counterparts of Han ethnicity (p &lt; 0.01, small to medium effect size).ConclusionTibetan children and adolescents have higher levels of PA and PF in comparison to their Han counterparts. More children and adolescents of Han ethnicity engage in no PA and think their PF indicators were poor.
An examination from 1990 to 2019: investigating the burden of knee dislocation on a global scale
Authors: Chen Cheng , Li Bing , Zhou Haichao , Ye Tianbao , Yang Yunfeng 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe literature on the disease burden of knee dislocation is lacking. The aim of the study is to systematically assess the global burden, trends, causes, and influencing factors of knee dislocation.MethodsThe incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of knee dislocation were assessed globally, as well as at the regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019. Subsequent analyses focused on the age and gender distribution related to knee dislocation. An investigation into the main causes of knee dislocation followed. Finally, the Pearson correlation between age-standardized rates and social-demographic index (SDI) was calculated.ResultsAlthough the age-standardized incidence and YLDs rate of knee dislocation decreased over the past 30 years, the incidence and YLDs number increased. The disease burden remained higher in males compared to females. Males and females showed different patterns of incidence rates in each age group, but their YLDs rates were similar. Over the past 30 years, the disease burden of knee dislocation increased in the older population while declining in the younger population. Falls had consistently emerged as the most important cause for both incidence and YLD rates. Additionally, a positive correlation between SDI and the disease burden of knee dislocation was found.ConclusionThe disease burden of knee dislocation remains heavy. It is essential to recognize the evolving epidemiology of knee dislocation. Utilizing data-driven assessments can assist in formulating public health policies and strategies to improve overall well-being.
Game changer—talent transfer pathways in sport: a systematic review
Authors: Green Adeline , Fleischman David , Mulcahy Rory , Kean Bridie 
Published: May 2024

Research questionTalent transfer, an accelerated sport pathway to expertise, holds considerable appeal for sports organisations. As an emerging area of academic research across a range of sport disciplines, there is opportunity for to advance knowledge and practice. This review aimed to (a) explore how talent transfer has been defined, to develop a synthesised definition; (b) systematically identify the factors that influence talent transfer; and (c) investigate how theory underpins and enhances understanding of talent transfer.Research methodsA systematic review was conducted of 12 peer-reviewed journal articles on talent transfer using the PRISMA approach.Results and findingsAiming for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary perspective, the results: introduce a clear, synthesised conceptualisation of talent transfer as an accelerated sport pathway in which a highly trained athlete in one sport (donor sport), transitions to a new sport (recipient sport) with the potential of achieving high-performance success; systematically map influencing factors; and outline considered theories. Factors influencing talent transfer span individual, task-related, and environmental constraints. The review exposes a scarcity of theoretical foundation in current research, suggesting ecological dynamics as a promising approach to advance research and practice.ImplicationsPractical and theoretical implications arise, emphasising the usefulness of a synthesised definition and a multifactorial approach for designing, implementing, evaluating, and researching talent transfer pathways. This benefits sports administrators, managers, and researchers.
Benefits of dexmedetomidine during noninvasive mechanical ventilation in major abdominal surgery patients with postoperative respiratory failure
Authors: Yildirim Fatma , Karaman Irem , Yıldırım Mehmet , Karabacak Harun 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThe efficacy of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) on the postoperative ARF is conflicting and the failure rate of NIMV in this patient population is high. In our study, we hypothesized that the use of dexmedetomidine during NIMV in major abdominal surgical patients can reduce NIMV failure without significant side affect.MethodsMedical records of patients who underwent major abdominal surgery, admitted to our general surgery intensive care unit (ICU), developed postoperative ARF, received NIMV (with oro-nasal mask) and dexmedetomidine infusion were enrolled in this study. The infusion rate was adjusted to maintain a target sedation level of a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) (−2)–(−3). The sedation was stopped when NIMV was discontinued.ResultsA total of 60 patients, 42 (70.0%) male, and 18 (30.0%) female, with a mean age of 68 ± 11 years were included in the study. The mean APACHE II score was 20 ± 6. Dexmedetomidine was infused for a median of 25 h (loading dose of 0.2 mcg/kg for 10 min, maintained at 0.2–0.7 mcg/kg/h, titrated every 30 min). RASS score of all study group significantly improved at the 2 h of dexmedetomidine initiation (+3 vs. −2, p = 0.01). A targeted sedation level was achieved in 92.5% of patients. Six (10.0%) patients developed bradycardia and 5 (8.3%) patients had hypotension. The mean NIMV application time was 23.4 ± 6.1 h. Seven (11.6%) patients experienced NIMV failure, all due to worsening pulmonary conditions, and required intubation and invasive ventilation. Fifty-three (88.3%) patients were successfully weaned from NIMV with dexmedetomidine sedation and discharged from ICU. The duration of NIMV application and ICU stay was shorter in NIMV succeded group (21.4 ± 3.2 vs. 29.9 ± 6.4; p = 0.012).ConclusionOur study suggests that dexmedetomidine demonstrates effective sedation in patients with postoperative ARF during NIMV application after abdominal surgery. Dexmedetomidine can be considered safe and capable of improving NIMV success.