bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USGS Water Data Program
Authors: Johnson A. Ivan 
Published: October 2011

The Reagan Administration, in its fiscal year 1987 budget, proposes cuts for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) program for water resources investigations of 12%, from $142 million to $125 million. This program is important to all scientists and engineers who are involved with water resources. The basic water data that this program provides establish the necessary foundation for the proper planning, design, and operation of the nation's water resource and environmental quality projects.The USGS Basic Data Collection Program has covered both groundwater and surface water supplies in the United States for many decades, but in recent years, USGS has undertaken more responsibilities in the water quality area—usually without commensurate funding increases. Funding for the USGS water data networks has steadily declined in constant (1972) dollars since 1977–1978, and is now at a lower level than in 1973. Funding in actual dollars started decreasing in 1983. This proposed cut would affect not only the federal data collection program but also its sister program, the federal‐state cooperative data collection system, resulting in termination of many surface water and groundwater stations.
Chairman's Corner: Current thrust in mineral physics
Authors: Manghnani Murli 
Published: October 2011

Several positive factors have generated significant momentum and research activities in mineral physics: the interdisciplinary nature of the field, newly aroused interest through scientific communications at meetings and symposia, advancements in high‐pressure/high‐temperature instrumentation, and above all, commitments by individual scientists and institutions.In the last 6 months, a number of themes in mineral physics were highlighted at the International Mineralogical Association meeting at Stanford University (Stanford, Calif., July 13–18, 1986), at the conference on “Quantum Theory and Experiment Applied to Solids” at University of Maryland (College Park, Md.; organized by J. A. Tossell and G.V. Gibbs), and at the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting (San Francisco, Calif., December 8–12, 1986). The following report discusses the highlights of the recent AGU meeting only.
Soviet, U.S. scientists join for cruise
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Thirteen U.S. scientists joined a Soviet research cruise this month to study atmospheric chemistry and the influence of the oceans on climate change. The cruise is a result of a bilateral agreement signed by the United States and the Soviet Union in November 1986, which recognized the international significance of the increasing concentrations of man‐made gases in the atmosphere, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).On their cruise of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans, the scientists hope to evaluate the sources, distributions, and fates of a variety of trace gases and aerosols that are linked to climate change, according to Richard Gammon of NOAA, chief U.S. scientist of the cruise. Air and water samples will be taken from a wide range of marine environments, extending from the western Bering Sea to subtropical waters east of Japan.
BEMPEX: A study of barotropic ocean currents and lithospheric electrical conductivity
Authors: Luther Douglas S. , Chave Alan D. , Filloux Jean H. 
Published: October 2011

Much of the deep ocean's variability at subinertial frequencies is believed to be due to depth‐independent (barotropic) fluctuations, especially in regions devoid of intense mean currents and mesoscale eddies. The significance of this proposition can be seen in the hypothesis that all of the vertical mixing in the deep ocean implied by chemical property distributions is accounted for by mixing at the bottom boundary, followed by lateral advection without any vertical (cross‐isopycnal) diffusion in the interior [e.g., Armi, 1978]. Barotropic currents could provide much of the variability that causes the boundary mixing. The atmosphere, through direct forcing by the surface wind stress, may be the principal energy source for the barotropic field away from boundary currents. This assertion has been difficult to demonstrate for two reasons: the multiplicity of free waves that are generated elsewhere reduces correlations between local oceanic and surface atmospheric variables, and extensive conventional instrumentation (e.g., numerous current meters per mooring) is required to accurately separate the barotropic and depth‐dependent (baroclinic) components. However, at subinertial frequencies, bottom pressure is dominated by the barotropic field, and the horizontal electric field has been shown to be due to a weighted vertical average of horizontal water velocity, effectively eliminating the baroclinic component. These observations, together with the well‐established utility of external source electromagnetic data for inferring the electrical structure of Earth, led to the design of an experiment with dual purposes:

first, the estimation of some properties of barotropic fluctuations in a region of the mid‐latitude North Pacific that has weak mean currents and an unenergetic surface eddy field but in which significant barotropic currents are expected to be directly forced by surface winds, and
second, the investigation of the electrical conductivity structure of the oceanic lithosphere.
External tanks touted
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Renovation of the space shuttle's external tanks (ETs) for civilian space stations can and should begin by 1990, according to a consensus of scientists and administrators. Their views were presented August 3–4, 1987, in Boulder, Colo., at the Workshop on the Scientific Use of Orbiting Shuttle External Tanks, sponsored by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR).Initial efforts should make use of 6000 ft3 (∼170 m3) of unpressurized volume inside the ET, according to the scientists. The tank is larger than the body of a Boeing 747 aircraft and contains the liquid oxygen and hydrogen fuel that puts the shuttle in orbit. A Memorandum of Understanding signed August 3 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and UCAR opens the way for exploration of the many uses proposed for the tanks. UCAR is the principal partner in the ET program, which is called Space Phoenix.
Scientists must listen to be heard
Authors: Lefkoff Jeff 
Published: October 2011

My experience as an AGU Congressional Fellow began in earnest when I was told “Legislation is a bit like sausage—Once you find out how it's really made, you feel completely different about it.” Being a vegetarian, I knew then that I was in for an interesting year.The sausage analogy was cited during a 2‐week orientation to Capitol Hill that was planned by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). I was one of 25 AAAS Congressional Science Fellows, each sponsored by different scientific society. Though our backgrounds varied widely, two shared feelings quickly brought us together: an interest in the interface between science and policy and a desire to steer our career paths toward that interface.
DOE funds Gizmos
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) will give $4.8 million to 21 U.S. universities for new instruments for energy‐related research, it was announced last week. The 24 successful proposals were selected from 188 applications. Four of the University Research Instrumentation Awards are designated for geoscience research.The minute sources of remanent magnetization in rocks will be investigated by John Geissman of the Univeristy of New Mexico in Albuquerque (UNM) with a magnetometer of special design, funded by a DOE grant of $115,000. Paleomagnetic measurements are generally based on a bulk determination of magnetization of 11 cm3 or so of rock. “But the size of particles that are the source of geologically stable remanent magnetism is very small,” says Geissman. His magnetometer is designed to analyze particles as small as a micron. It will be used with a scanning/transmission electron microscope (STEM) at UNM to explore where the small grains reside in rocks and to gain a fuller understanding of the paleomagnetism measured by conventional means. Future work may also involve using a laser to destroy selected magnetic phases and minimize the effects of parts of the magnetic mineralogy, permitting examination of any magnetic material that remains.
First AGU Meeting in Asia Features Plasmas
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Tohoku University and the American Geophysical Union will sponsor AGU's first Asian meeting next month. The Chapman Conference on Plasma Waves and Instabilities in Magnetospheres and at Comets will be held October 12–16 in Sendai, Japan.Invited talks on anisotropic magnetized plasmas by R. Z. Sagdeev and interacting plasmas by A. A. Galeev, both of the Soviet Union, begin the program. The sessions are Plasma and Magnetohydrodynamic Waves and Instabilities at Comets, Stochastic Particle Acceleration; Nonlinear Processes and Turbulence, Computer Simulations of Plasma Waves and Instabilities; ELF and VLF Electromagnetic and Electrostatic Waves and Instabilities in Planetary Magnetospheres and Magnetotails; MHD Waves and Instabilities in Planetary Magnetospheres and Magnetotails Including Ground and Ionospheric Responses; and Nonthermal Radiation from Planets.
AGU sponsors U.S. visit for Latin American members
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A Chilean petrologist and an Argentinian seismologist will receive travel support from AGU to attend the Union's 1987 Fall Meeting and visit U.S. universities. Fernando Lund of the University of Chile, Santiago, and Carlos Rapela of the National University of La Plata, Argentina, have been selected to receive funds under AGU's Latin American Visiting Scientists Program.The program provides support for Latin American AGU members (that is, members from Mexico or Central or South America) on university or research institute faculties to travel to the United States for short scientific visits. These visits, approximately 1 month in length, include an AGU national meeting and the opportunity to visit universities and government laboratories that are conducting research in the visitors' disciplinary areas. The purpose of the program is to provide exposure to the U.S. scientific community for Latin American geoscientists who are in a position to pass on the knowledge gained from this experience to students in their home countries.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution
Authors: Gifford F.A. 
Published: October 2011

This is a n ambitious book on a complex subject, written by an expert in the field. It is aimed at graduate students and above, perhaps including upper‐level undergraduates, and subjects treated are accordingly many, diverse, and intricately interwoven. It could easily have failed on any one of a number of counts, and it is a distinct pleasure to report that, as far as this reviewer is concerned, it did not.The reader of this book gets a detailed, logically organized discussion of air pollution chemistry and physics, in which few concessions have been made to the real difficulties of the subject matter and none to clarity of presentation. The text material is divided into six parts: pollutants — sources and effects; air pollution chemistry; aerosols; air pollution‐meteorology; atmospheric diffusion; and a special topics section in which the important subjects of air pollution statistics and acid rain are discussed.
Space Station panel appointed
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A poll on the Space Station was conducted among AGU members last fall using a random sample of the membership. The results of this poll were summarized in Eos (January 5, 1988, p. 1). One result was that about three quarters of the respondents felt AGU should adopt a formal position on the Space Station.Subsequent to the poll, a request that such a position be established has been made. The Public Affairs Committee agreed that the request was appropriate, so a Space Station Panel was appointed by then AGU President Peter S. Eagleson. The panel will recommend a Union position for Council approval. The position will address separately the manned station itself and the associated polar platforms.
College teachers can upgrade skills
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation has announced the second year of its Undergraduate Faculty Enhancement Program grants for undergraduate faculty seminars and conferences. NSF provides leadership and financial assistance so colleges and universities can systematically help undergraduate faculty learn new ideas and techniques in their fields and better their teaching skills.Faculty who teach undergraduates have specific needs to stay abreast of recent developments in their disciplines, according to NSF. They need to know of new experimental techniques and how to incorporate them into the classroom, to work with new instruments, to learn about recent theoretical developments in their fields, to synthesize knowledge across their own and other disciplines, and to interact with experts and colleagues. The program requires participants to work actively in their fields and to interact with scientists, engineers, and mathematicians skilled in the topic area, and emphasizes communication with fellow participants.
Goals of the Union
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The purposes of the AGU as defined in the statutes are as follows:

(a) To promote the scientific study of the earth and its environment in space and to make the results of such studies available to the public.
(b) To promote cooperation among scientific organizations whose objectives include the furtherance of knowledge in the geophysical disciplines.
(c) To initiate and participate in geophysical research programs, including those that depend upon international cooperation.
(d) To advance the various geophysical disciplines by scientific discussion, publication and dissemination of information, and by sponsorship of scientific and technical symposia, colloquia, and meetings.
AGU Committees
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Administrative Committees are responsible for those functions required for the overall performance or well‐being of AGU as an organization. These committees are Audit and Legal Affairs, Budget and Finance*, Development, Nominations*, Planning, Statutes and Bylaws*, Tellers.Operating Committees are responsible for the policy direction and operational oversight of AGU's primary programs. The Operating Committees are Education and Human Resources, Fellows*, Information Technology, International Participation*, Meetings, Public Affairs, Public Information, Publications*.
Become an AGU Supporting Member
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

You can extend your commitment to the continuing vitality .of geophysics by helping AGU to build funds that will provide for new initiatives and assist in funding some of the nonrevenue programs of AGU, such as the congressional science fellowship, minority student scholarships, and student travel grants. The AGU Development Committee is seeking gifts and contributions toward building the endowment of the Union: The vitality of AGU and the vitality of geophysics march hand in hand.Four categories of supporting membership are offered by the Union: Individual Supporting Member ($80 per year), Life Supporting Member ($1500), Sustaining Member ($5000), Benefactor ($10,000). Benefactors, Sustaining, and Life Supporting Members pay no further dues.
NRC Grants for Federal Research
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Research Council is accepting applications for the 1989 Resident, Cooperative, and Postdoctoral Research Associateship Programs in science and engineering. NRC administers the awards for 30 federal agencies and research institutions, which have 115 participating laboratories in the U.S.About 450 new full‐time Associateships will be given for research in biological, health, behaviorial sciences and biotechnology; chemistry; Earth and atmospheric sciences; engineering and applied sciences; mathematics; physics; and space and planetary sciences. Most of the programs are open to recent Ph.D.s and senior investigators and to citizens of the U.S. and other countries. More than 5500 scientists have received Associateships since the programs began in 1954.
EPA underwrites technology transfer
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Environmental Protection Agency will establish a multi‐million dollar corporation at the University of Pittsburgh that will aim to speed up the commercial development of environmental technology. The National Environmental Technology Applications Corporation (NETAC) will be responsible for identifying promising projects underway around the country and helping usher techniques and products into the marketplace.According to EPA administrator Lee Thomas, “NETAC will be a positive force for changing the way government and industry work together in the environmental area. It will provide a new approach that will effectively increase the transfer of pollution control technologies among environmental decision‐makers in both government and industry.“
Science honors program expanded
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Department of Energy's High School Honors Program, designed to give firsthand research experience to the nation's best science students, has been expanded to include seven DOE laboratories and more than 350 students. A program in ecology at the DOE Pacific Northwest Laboratory will be added to the six existing laboratory programs.“This program has been so successful, both for the DOE scientists and the students who have participated, I am delighted to add the Pacific Northwest Laboratory to the program,” said Secretary of Energy John Herrington.
Planetary atmospheres
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration solicits for its Planetary Atmospheres Program proposals for basic research to understand the general properties, origins and evolution of the neutral and ionized atmospheres of planets, their satellites, and comets.The program's broad objectives include determination of compositions and chemical behaviors of planetary atmospheres; sources of and mechanisms for deposition of energy; characterization and understanding of dynamical processes; and relationships between currently observed properties and states of matter and the chemical abundances, physical conditions and processes that prevailed at the time the planets formed. Not included in the scope of the program are investigations of the terrestrial atmosphere or of astrophysical issues, although such topics can be subordinate elements of planetary atmosphere research aimed at comparative studies.
Physics olympiad
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Five high school physics students will represent the U.S. at the 20th International Physics Olympiad, July 14–25 in Warsaw, Poland. The Olympiad has been held annually since 1967; this is the fourth year the U.S. will compete. The American Association of Physics Teachers administers the U.S. program; AGU is a principal sponsoring organization of the Olympiad, as is the American Institute of Physics.The students are Derrick Bass, North Miami Beach High School, Miami Beach, Fla.; Steven Gubser, Cherry Creek High School, Englewood, Colo.; Jason Jacobs, Baldwin Senior High School, Baldwin, N.Y.; Jessica Millar, West High School, Madison, Wise; and James Sarvis, Thomas Jefferson High School, Alexandria, Va.
U.S. wins 1989 physics olympiad
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Steven Gubser, a high school student from Englewood, Colo., took first place at the 1989 International Physics Olympiad, held July 14–25 in Warsaw, Poland. His score of 4613 points out of a possible 50 was tops among 150 competitors from 30 countries. The competition consists of a 5‐hour theoretical examination for 60% of the score a n d a 5‐hour experimental exam for 40%.Two other U.S. team members won bronze medals: Jason Jacobs of Baldwin, N.Y., and James Sarvis of Alexandria, Va. The U.S. team had 20 students; five went to Warsaw as team repressentatives, including Jessica Millar of Madison, Wise, the youngest competitor (see “Physics Olympiad,” Eos, July 4, page 690). Team members are selected from the hundreds of high school students who are nominated in November for the first qualifying exam.
AGI Scholarships
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The American Geological Institute in Alexandria, Va., has received a $250,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to provide 1990–1991 scholarships to Blacks, Hispanics and Native Americans. These ethnic minority groups are currently underrepresented in the Earth sciences work force.Of about 3000 Earth science professionals in the U.S. surveyed by AGI in 1988, only 4.6% belonged to ethnic minorities, including Blacks, Hispanics and Native Americans. Of total enrollment in U.S. academic programs in Earth sciences in 1987–1988, 6.5% were ethnic minorities, another AGI survey showed.
New climate lab at
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2011

NOAA has set up a new laboratory to monitor and predict climate change. The lab will be staffed by members of three groups within NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory, and will be based at the agency's Environmental Research Laboratories in Boulder, Colo.The Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL), as the new lab will be called, will run programs to analyze data from the atmosphere and oceans and will use the information to characterize global processes that affect climate and to develop predictive models.
Viewing minerals, atom by atom
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2011

With state‐of‐the‐art technology supported by scissors and bungy cords, Earth scientists are beginning to look at mineral surfaces and mineral‐fluid interactions on an atomic scale.The instrument that can provide such a detailed view is the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), which made a great theoretical and practical splash when it was introduced in 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, physicists at IBM's laboratory in Zurich. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics for their work 5 years later.
Global change in FY 1991 budget
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Global change studies will have increased support in Fiscal Year 1991 if Congress accepts the budget that President George Bush sent to Capitol Hill January 29. Global change research by federal agencies would receive 57% more money, from $659 million in FY 1990 to $1,034 billion in FY 1991.FY 1991 highlights of the U.S. Global Change Research Program, which was announced as a Presidential Initiative in January 1989, were reviewed January 29 at a news briefing in Washington, D.C., by the Committee on Earth Sciences of the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology. The committee advises the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), Executive Office of the President.
Space station gets new scrutiny
Authors: Jones Richard 
Published: October 2011

In what is one of a series of hearings planned this year on Space Station Freedom, the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications recently received testimony from William B. Lenoir, associate administrator of the Office of Space Flight, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, about continuing design changes and budget cutbacks to this program.If there was one message that Lenoir wanted to leave with the subcommittee, it was that the Space Station program was still on schedule but budget cutbacks could cause significant future difficulties.