bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HD-ZIP IV genes are essential for embryo initial cell polarization in the radial axis initiation inArabidopsis
Authors: Tanaka Sayuri , Matsushita Yuuki , Hanaki Yuga , Higaki Takumi , Kamamoto Naoya , Matsushita Katsuyoshi , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Fujimoto Koichi , Ueda Minako 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlants develop along apical–basal and radial axes. InArabidopsis thaliana, the radial axis becomes evident when the cells of the eight-cell proembryo divide periclinally, forming inner and outer cell layers. Although changes in cell polarity or morphology likely precede this oriented cell division, the initial events and the factors regulating radial axis formation remain elusive. Here, we report that three transcription factors belonging to class IV homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP IV) family redundantly regulate radial pattern formation: HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS11 (HDG11), HDG12, and PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2). Thehdg11 hdg12 pdf2triple mutant failed to undergo periclinal division at the eight-cell stage and cell differentiation along the radial axis. Live-cell imaging revealed that this failure in radial axis formation can be traced back to the behavior of the embryo initial cell (apical cell), which is generated by zygote division. In the wild type, the apical cell grows longitudinally and then radially and its nucleus remains at the bottom of the cell, where the vertical cell plate emerges. By contrast, the mutant apical cell elongates longitudinally and its nucleus releases from its basal position, resulting in a transverse division. Computer simulations based on the live-cell imaging data confirmed the importance of the geometric rule (the minimal plane principle and nucleus-passing principle) in determining the cell division plane. We propose that HDG11, HDG12, and PDF2 promote apical cell polarization, i.e., radial cell growth and basal nuclear retention, as the initial event of radial axis formation during embryogenesis.
Cortical Coding of Gustatory and Thermal Signals in Active Licking Mice
Authors: Nash Audrey N. , Shakeshaft Morgan , Bouaichi Cecilia G. , Odegaard Katherine E. , Needham Tom , Bauer Martin , Bertram Richard , Vincis Roberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEating behaviors are influenced by the integration of gustatory, olfactory, and somatosensory signals, which all contribute to the perception of flavor. Although extensive research has explored the neural correlates of taste in the gustatory cortex (GC), less is known about its role in encoding thermal information. This study investigates the encoding of oral thermal and chemosensory signals by GC neurons compared to the oral somatosensory cortex. In this study, we recorded the spiking activity of more than 900 GC neurons and 500 neurons from the oral somatosensory cortex in mice allowed to freely lick small drops of gustatory stimuli or deionized water at varying non-nociceptive temperatures. We then developed and used a Bayesian-based analysis technique to assess neural classification scores based on spike rate and phase timing within the lick cycle. Our results indicate that GC neurons rely predominantly on rate information, although phase information is needed to achieve maximum accuracy, to effectively encode both chemosensory and thermosensory signals. GC neurons can effectively differentiate between thermal stimuli, excelling in distinguishing both large contrasts (14°C vs. 36°C) and, although less effectively, more subtle temperature differences. Finally, a direct comparison of the decoding accuracy of thermosensory signals between the two cortices reveals that while the somatosensory cortex showed higher overall accuracy, the GC still encodes significant thermosensory information. These findings highlight the GC’s dual role in processing taste and temperature, emphasizing the importance of considering temperature in future studies of taste processing.Key PointsFlavor perception relies on gustatory, olfactory, and somatosensory integration, with the gustatory cortex (GC) central to taste processing.GC neurons also respond to temperature, but the specifics of how the GC processes taste and oral thermal stimuli remain unclear.The focus of this study is on the role of GC neurons in the encoding of oral thermal information, particularly compared to the coding functions of the oral somatosensory cortex.We found that while the somatosensory cortex shows a higher classification accuracy for distinguishing water temperature, the GC still encodes a substantial amount of thermosensory information.These results emphasize the importance of including temperature as a key factor in future studies of cortical taste coding.
Targeting IDH1-Mutated Oligodendroglioma with Acid Ceramidase Inhibitors
Authors: Muley Helena , Dowdy Tyrone , Zaibaq Faris , Karadimov George , Li Aiguo , Song Hua , Zhang Meili , Zhang Wei , Wong Zalman , Zhang Laurence , Lita Adrian , Larion Mioara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOligodendroglioma is genetically defined as a tumor harboring isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 mutations (IDH1mut/IDH2mut) and 1p/19q co-deletions. Previously, we reported that in IDH1mutgliomas, D-2HG, the product of IDH1 mutant enzyme produces an increase in monounsaturated fatty acid levels that are incorporated into ceramides, tilting the S1P-to-ceramide rheostat toward apoptosis. Herein, we exploited this imbalance to further induce and IDHmut-specific glioma cell death. We report for the first time that the inhibition of acid ceramidase (AC) induces apoptosis and provides a benefit in mice survival in IDH1mutoligodendroglioma. We demonstrated an IDH1mut-specific cytotoxicity of SABRAC, an irreversible inhibitor of AC, in patient-derived oligodendroglioma cells. Exploring the mechanism of action of this drug, we found that SABRAC activates both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis in an ER stress-independent manner, pointing to a direct action of AC-related ceramides in mitochondria permeability. The activation of apoptosis detected under SABRAC treatment was associated with up to 30-fold increase in some ceramide levels and its derivatives from the salvage pathway. We propose that this novel enzyme, AC, has the potential to increase survival in oligodendroglioma with IDH1mutand should be considered in the future.
Response of protein coding genes and microRNAs to temperature changes in four insect species
Authors: Tsang Stacey S.K. , Nong Wenyan , Xie Yichun , Qu Zhe , Yip Ho Yin , Gaitan-Espitia Juan Diego , Tai Amos P. K. , Yeung Ying Yeung , Tobe Stephen S. , Bendena William G. , Hui Jerome H.L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInsects are the most abundant described living creatures in the world, and they play important roles in our global ecosystem. Climate change affects global biodiversity, and researchers in many fields are striving to better understand the impact of the climate crisis. One such endeavour is the study of temperature-dependent effects on insects. At present, we know little of how climate affects gene expression in insects of different sexes. Here, we took four species of fruit flies of the genusDrosophila(D. melanogaster, D. virilis, D. pseudoobscura,andD. erecta), and subjected the male and female flies of each species to three different temperatures to test their sex-specific gene expression responses. A total of 144 transcriptomic profiles of protein-coding genes and microRNAs were generated. We found that, at the same temperature, there were more male-biased than female-biased protein-coding genes and microRNAs in all four investigated drosophilid species. Interestingly, upon temperature changes, there were more differentially expressed protein-coding genes in females than in males in all four investigated species, while the microRNAs were highly species- and sex-specific. This study provides the first evidence that sex-biased protein-coding gene and microRNA expression responses to temperature change differ between insect species within the same genus, and demonstrates the complexity of sex-specific responses of insects to climate change.HighlightsAt the same temperature, protein coding gene and microRNA expression showed a greater bias towards males than towards females in all four tested insect species.In response to increasing temperature, females of all 4 tested species exhibited more differentially expressed genes than did males, and enrichment analyses showed that they are species-specific.Differentially expressed microRNAs did not show a conserved trend between insects upon temperature changes.Sex-specific gene and microRNA expression of insects in response to climate change evidently involves a complex adaptation mechanism.Graphical Abstract
Sequential predictive learning is a unifying theory for hippocampal representation and replay
Authors: Levenstein Daniel , Efremov Aleksei , Eyono Roy Henha , Peyrache Adrien , Richards Blake 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe mammalian hippocampus contains a cognitive map that represents an animal’s position in the environment1and generates offline “replay”2,3for the purposes of recall4, planning5,6, and forming long term memories7. Recently, it’s been found that artificial neural networks trained to predict sensory inputs develop spatially tuned cells8, aligning with predictive theories of hippocampal function9–11. However, whether predictive learning can also account for the ability to produce offline replay is unknown. Here, we find that spatially-tuned cells, which robustly emerge from all forms of predictive learning, do not guarantee the presence of a cognitive map with the ability to generate replay. Offline simulations only emerged in networks that used recurrent connections and head-direction information to predict multi-step observation sequences, which promoted the formation of a continuous attractor reflecting the geometry of the environment. These offline trajectories were able to show wake-like statistics, autonomously replay recently experienced locations, and could be directed by a virtual head direction signal. Further, we found that networks trained to make cyclical predictions of future observation sequences were able to rapidly learn a cognitive map and produced sweeping representations of future positions reminiscent of hippocampal theta sweeps12. These results demonstrate how hippocampal-like representation and replay can emerge in neural networks engaged in predictive learning, and suggest that hippocampal theta sequences reflect a circuit that implements a data-efficient algorithm for sequential predictive learning. Together, this framework provides a unifying theory for hippocampal functions and hippocampal-inspired approaches to artificial intelligence.
Influences of single mutation and retinal binding on the THz absorption spectra of CRABP-II based rhodopsin mimics
Authors: Wang Yunyu , Hu Yongnan , Meng Jiajia , Peng Xubiao , Zhao Qing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe collective vibration of many biomolecules such as the skeleton vibration, dipole rotation and conformational bending falls in the terahertz (THz) frequency domain. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THZ-TDS), which is very sensitive to the conformational changes, can be used to characterize the collective vibration of biomolecules. In this study, we investigated the low-frequency THz absorption spectra of two rhodopsin mimics using transmission THz-TDS. Using the normal model analysis (NMA), we successfully modelled the experimental terahertz absorption curve and attributed a unique collective motion pattern to each distinctive terahertz absorption frequency. By comparing the terahertz absorption spectra between without and with retinal, we show that the retinal binding can significantly alters the terahertz absorption spectra as well as the vibration modes. Furthermore, by comparing the terahertz absorption spectra between the two mutants, we observed that the single mutation can significantly change the influence of retinal binding on the terahertz absorption spectrum.
Usage of AMH as a determining test of fertility in women with polycystic ovary 2 syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Grabowska Rita 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPCOS is the most common hormonal disorder and cause of infertility in females of reproductive age. The symptoms and their severity vary strongly between particular cases. PCOS is correlated with hormonal, environmental and genetic factors. Complex interactions between genetics and hormonal levels is important to understand the hormonal 31 abnormality and to assess the chance of pregnancy in women with PCOS.The research was conducted on patients in the age of 27+/-5 years treated in the 33 Gynecology and Oncology Clinic of CMUJ. The research group - PCOS patients (P) n=62. The control group - (C) n=45. The venous blood was collected in volume of 2 ml centrifuged for 15 min at 1400 rpm. Serum was aspirated to 1.5 ml Eppendorf tubes. The ELISA method was used.The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the level of selected factors 38 between the two groups at p <0.01. FSH [IU/ml]: P 5,10 (±1,64) vs K 8,96 (±6,15) LH [ IU/ml]: P 8,59 (±6,79) vs K 11,0 (±6,15) AMH [ng/ml]: P 4,06 (±2,43) vs K 1,47 (±2,14). AMH levels in the PCOS group did not show a significant difference in correlation with age. Obese and overweight women in both 42 groups had significantly different levels of AMH compared with normal-weight women. Furthermore, AMH levels were positively correlated with the age of the first period in the PCOS. The studies indicate a high use of the hormones like FSH and AMH in the diagnosis and assessment of ovarian reserve in women with PCOS.
Recombinant expression, purification, and antifungal activity of the novel antimicrobial peptide TaW662
Authors: Wang Chen , Yang Baoyi , Yang Yanlin , Kang Lu , Liu Fujiao , Wang Zhiwen , Feng Deshun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBlumeria graminisf. sp.tritici(Bgt) is a significant wheat fungal pathogen, posing threats to both yield and quality. Antimicrobial peptides, with their broad-spectrum activities, hold promise in combatingBgt-induced wheat fungal diseases.In this study, we identifiedTaW662, an antifungal peptide gene sourced from the wheat-Thinopyrum intermediumdisomic alien addition line SN6306. Through third-generation transcriptome sequencing, we obtained the full-length transcript ofTaW662. Notably,TaW662exhibited upregulated expression in response to powdery mildew infection in SN6306. Subcellular localization analysis revealed TaW662’s extracellular secretion, suggesting its role in defense mechanisms. Additionally, the TaW662 protein was expressed inEscherichia coli, and the purified protein could inhibit the growth ofBgt in vitro. Utilizing the online alphafold2 server, we predicted the three-dimensional structure of TaW662, aiding in understanding its fungicidal mechanisms. Analysis of TaW662’s physicochemical properties further supported its potential efficacy as a fungicide againstBgt. In conclusion, TaW662 emerges as a promising candidate for combatingBgt-induced wheat fungal diseases, warranting further exploration for agricultural disease management strategies.HighlightsTaW662, a secreted protein homologous toTaWIR1, is induced in wheat byBlumeria graminisf. sp.tritici(Bgt).The expression pattern ofTaW662in wheat under induced byBgtwas analysed using RNA-Seq technology.The three-dimensional structure of TaW662 was predicted using AlphaFold2.The growth ofBgtis inhibited by recombinant TaW662.
QTL Mapping for Pod Quality and Yield Traits in Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)
Authors: Njau Serah Nyawira , Parker Travis A. , Duitama Jorge , Gepts Paul , Arunga Edith Esther 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTPod quality and yield traits in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) influence consumer preferences, crop adoption by farmers, and the ability of the product to be commercially competitive locally and globally. The objective of the study was to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for pod quality and yield traits in a snap × dry bean recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. A total of 184 F6RILs derived from a cross between Vanilla (snap bean) and MCM5001 (dry bean) were grown in three field sites in Kenya and one greenhouse environment in Davis, CA, USA. They were genotyped at 5,951 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and composite interval mapping was conducted to identify QTL for 16 pod quality and yield traits, including pod wall fiber, pod string, pod size, and harvest metrics. A combined total of 44 QTL were identified in field and greenhouse trials. The QTL for pod quality were identified on chromosomes Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv04, Pv06, and Pv07, and for pod yield were identified on Pv08. Co-localization of QTL was observed for pod quality and yield traits. Some identified QTL overlapped with previously mapped QTL for pod quality and yield traits, with several others identified as novel. The identified QTL can be used in future marker-assisted selection in snap bean.
Importance of the semimetallic state for the quantum Hall effect in
HfTe5
Authors: Piva M. M. , Wawrzyńczak R. , Kumar Nitesh , Kutelak L. O. , Lombardi G. A. , dos Reis R. D. , Felser C. , Nicklas M. 
Published: April 2024

At ambient pressure, HfTe5 is a material at the boundary between a weak and a strong topological phase, which can be tuned by changes in its crystalline structure or by the application of high magnetic fields. It exhibits a Lifshitz transition upon cooling, and three-dimensional (3D) quantum Hall effect (QHE) plateaus can be observed at low temperatures. Here, we have investigated the electrical transport properties of HfTe5 under hydrostatic pressure up to 3 GPa. We find a pressure-induced crossover from a semimetallic phase at low pressures to an insulating phase at about 1.5 GPa. Our data suggest the presence of a pressure-induced Lifshitz transition at low temperatures within the insulating phase around 2 GPa. The quasi-3D QHE is confined to the low-pressure region in the semimetallic phase. This reveals the importance of the semimetallic ground state for the emergence of the QHE in HfTe5 and thus favors a scenario based on a low carrier density metal in the quantum limit for the observed signatures of the quasiquantized 3D QHE.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Weak localization at arbitrary disorder strength in systems with generic spin-dependent fields
Authors: Hijano Alberto , Ilić Stefan , Bergeret F. Sebastián 
Published: April 2024

We present a theory of weak localization (WL) in the presence of generic spin-dependent fields, including any type of spin-orbit coupling, Zeeman fields, and nonhomogeneous magnetic textures. We go beyond the usual diffusive approximation, considering systems with short-range disorder of arbitrary strength and obtain a compact expression for the weak localization (WL) correction to the conductivity in terms of the singlet-triplet polarization operator in momentum space. The latter can be directly related to the solution of the quasiclassical Eilenberger equation for superconducting systems. This formulation presents an intuitive framework to explore how the interplay of various spin-dependent fields drives weak (anti) localization. We apply our results to study in-plane magnetoconductivity in systems with spin-orbit coupling and in newly discovered altermagnets. Our results enable straightforward calculation of the WL conductivity at arbitrary disorder strength, which can be particularly useful for interpreting experiments on high-mobility samples.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A critical conceptual framework for understanding career development in linguistically diverse individual and organizational contexts
Authors: Stojanović Maja , Robinson Petra A. 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore issues pertaining to monolingual ideology in the United States and the challenges in terms of career identity and development for multilingual individuals.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual paper provides a discussion of the relevant literature pertaining to linguistic diversity, language ideologies, career identity and career development, and offers a critical conceptual framework for understanding career development in linguistically diverse, multilingual contexts.FindingsBased on a critical review of literature, this paper proposes a conceptual framework which can be used to address linguistic issues that may otherwise encourage discrimination and inequity in the workplace.Originality/valueThis paper addresses the gap in career development literature by proposing a critical conceptual framework that integrates language as an important element of one’s career identity.
Shear and normal stresses of electroosmotic magnetized physiological nanofluid on curved artery with moderate Reynolds number: application on electroshock therapy
Authors: Alsemiry Reima Daher , Abo Elkhair Rabea E. , Alarabi Taghreed H. , Alharbi Sana Abdulkream , Allogmany Reem , Elsaid Essam M. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Studying the shear stress and pressure resulting on the walls of blood vessels, especially during high-pressure cases, which may lead to the explosion or rupture of these vessels, can also lead to the death of many patients. Therefore, it was necessary to try to control the shear and normal stresses on these veins through nanoparticles in the presence of some external forces, such as exposure to some electromagnetic shocks, to reduce the risk of high pressure and stress on those blood vessels. This study aims to examines the shear and normal stresses of electroosmotic-magnetized Sutterby Buongiorno’s nanofluid in a symmetric peristaltic channel with a moderate Reynolds number and curvature. The production of thermal radiation is also considered. Sutterby nanofluids equations of motion, energy equation, nanoparticles concentration, induced magnetic field and electric potential are calculated without approximation using small and long wavelengths with moderate Reynolds numbers.

Design/methodology/approach
The Adomian decomposition method solves the nonlinear partial differential equations with related boundary conditions. Graphs and tables show flow features and biophysical factors like shear and normal stresses.

Findings
This study found that when curvature and a moderate Reynolds number are present, the non-Newtonian Sutterby fluid raises shear stress across all domains due to velocity decay, resulting in high shear stress. Additionally, modest mobility increases shear stress across all channel domains. The Sutterby parameter causes fluid motion resistance, which results in low energy generation and a decrease in the temperature distribution.

Originality/value
Equations of motion, energy equation, nanoparticle concentration, induced magnetic field and electric potential for Sutterby nano-fluids are obtained without any approximation i.e. the authors take small and long wavelengths and also moderate Reynolds numbers.