bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Well Deliverability in Deepwater Wells With Interval Pressure Transient Testing (IPTT): A Case Study
Authors: Sundaram K. M , Kumar Nitish , Nangia Viraj , Desphande Vaibhav , Nahar Siddhartha , Jackson Richard 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Deepwater is an extremely cost-intensive exploration frontier representing a high-risk/high-reward scenario. After the world’s largest deepwater gas discovery in on the east coast of India, the area has attracted several operators and activity has picked up considerably in recent years. Currently, five deepwater rigs and drillships are operating in water depths ranging from 1500 m to 3000 m. This cost-intensive scenario dictates the use of techniques which maximize quality information while minimizing rig time. Interval pressure transient testing (IPTT) on wireline and conventional testing acquire essentially the same data and use the same analytical tools. Conventional well testing methods obtain the average properties of multiple layer systems but turn out to be time-consuming and hence expensive, especially if the fluid is only water. However, wireline acquisition is much more appropriate for accessing multiple layers and is far less time consuming; additionally, it can be carried out in open holes as well. The radius of investigation identified by the progressive pressure transient is sufficiently large to determine essential reservoir properties. With IPTT, the evaluation can be made layer-wise, and these evaluations are very critical for both the exploration and appraisal stages of the field development.
IPTT has been performed in deepwater wells in India using the dual-packer configuration of wireline formation testers. IPTT is used to evaluate reservoir parameters, capture representative fluid samples, and assess commercial viability and flow potential for multiple reservoir intervals. This potentially eliminates the need for conventional well testing on expensive deepwater rigs, thus significantly reducing operating cost by use of state-of-the-art technology. This paper showcases the workflow and process involved in the impact area of formation evaluation from a reservoir dynamics perspective and use of a calibrated, continuous permeability curve in calculations of full well deliverability in case of gas discovery.
Integrated Static and Dynamic Data Analysis for Characterizing the Brown Complex Carbonate Reservoir and Applying the Findings for Water Flood Management: Case Study of Mumbai High South Field
Authors: Singh Raman Kumar , Muralidharan K , Rathor Anil Kumar , Lohar Babu Lal , Verma Shailendra Kumar , Ram Binay , Patel S K 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Understanding the complexity and characterizing a carbonate reservoir with complex heterogeneity is a daunting task that various operators of the E&P industry are facing today. Though the most perfect and quantitative answer of the complexity of dynamics of the carbonates comes from full field dynamic simulation, the simulation approach is often time consuming and expensive. A quick and less expensive approach is qualitatively looking at the petrophysical and production data in an integrated way for reservoir characterization and applying the findings in further field development.
Often in the brown fields, a large amount of petrophysical and dynamic data in terms of production and pressure are available. Especially in the brown fields under extensive and prolonged water flood, studying the varying level of interaction of producer-injector pairs in the field combined with the variation in the static properties can give very useful insight in the reservoir heterogeneity and identification of preferentially water flooded areas. This interpretation can be used to improve efficiency of water flood by adding and/or relocating injectors. The above concept of integrated static and dynamic data analysis has been applied for the multilayered carbonate reservoir of Mumbai High South field.
The integrated approach of static properties validated with production-pressure data helped in identifying the in-homogeneity, interlayer communication, nature of seismic picked faults and existence of flow barriers. Also the production-injection interaction analysis helped in identifying the likely pathways of water flood and the areas lacking water injection support. The findings have been successfully validated with subsequent pressure surveys. The above study under taken for the first time for Mumbai High South field has helped in improving the water injection plan with confirmation of the planned injectors and identification of areas needing more injection support.
Although non-predictive, the technique has immense value in validation of ongoing water injection scheme, providing understanding of inter-well communication and quickly bringing out areas requiring review of the injection plan for improving its effectiveness.
Relaxation of quasi-stationary states in long range interacting systems and a classification of the range of pair interactions
Authors: Marcos Bruno , Gabrielli Andrea , Joyce Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSystems of particles interacting with long range interactions present generically ”quasi-stationary states” (QSS), which are approximately time-independent out of equilibrium states. In this proceedings, we explore the generalization of the formation of such QSS and their relaxation from the much studied case of gravity to a generic pair interaction with the asymptotic form of the potential v(r) ∼ 1/r γ with γ > 0 in d dimensions. We compute analytic estimations of the relaxation time calculating the rate of two body collisionality in a virialized system approximated as homogeneous. We show that for γ < (d − 1/2), the collision integral is dominated by the size of the system, while for γ > (d − 1/2), it is dominated by small impact parameters. In addition, the lifetime of QSS increases with the number of particles if γ < d − 1 (i.e. the force is not integrable) and decreases if γ > d − 1. Using numerical simulations we confirm our analytic results. A corollary of our work gives a ”dynamical” classification of interactions: the dynamical properties of the system depend on whether the pair force is integrable or not.
Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with low EuroSCORE preoperative risk
Authors: Zdravkovic Marija , Ristic Miljko , Krotin Mirjana , Milic Natasa , Soldatovic Ivan , Nedeljkovic Ivana , Peruničić Jovan , Zdravkovic Darko 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Patients with EuroSCORE <2 are usually considered to have a low surgical risk and the lowest mortality. In our study preoperative factors in a group of 250 consecutive low-risk patients (EuroSCORE<2), who underwent first isolated coronary artery by-pass surgery during 1999 and 2000., were analyzed. Cumulative follow-up period was 1178.48 patient-years and the primary clinical outcome was all-cause mortality. Patients’ average age was 59.2±7.5 yr. The following preoperative risk factors of increased 5-year mortality were identified: older age (P<0.001), smoking, prior non-recent myocardial infarction and reinfarction, anteroseptal localization of myocardial infarction (P<0.001), poor ejection fraction<=35% (P<0.001), dilatative cardiomyopathy (P<0.001), wall motion systolic index 〉2 (P<0.001), left atrial dilatation (P<0.001), mitral regurgitation more than 2+ (P<0.001), presence of left main disease, triple vessel coronary artery disease (P<0.001), absence of collaterals (P<0.001) and presence of more than 3 distal anastomoses. Through the present study it has been shown that it is possible to identify a subgroup of patients with low operative mortality and excellent 5-year survival after surgical treatment for coronary artery bypass surgery using preoperative clinical, echocardiographic, coronarographic and intraoperative data, even in difficult conditions of the civil war in the region.
Tick Species (Acari: Ixodoidea) Distribution, Seasonality and Host Associations in Romania
Authors: Coipan Elena , Vladimirescu Alexandru , Ciolpan Octavian , Teodorescu Irina 
Published: March 2012

Tick Species (Acari: Ixodoidea) Distribution, Seasonality and Host Associations in Romania
By integrating the literature data with those derived from personal investigations, the authors present the distribution of the 27 tick species (25 ixodids and 2 argasids) identified up to now in Romania, as well as some aspects regarding their abundance, seasonality and host associations. Altogether, 1439 tick records (of which 256, covering 25 counties, belong to the authors themselves) were georeferenced using EpiMap (an ArcView®-compatible GIS) from CDC's EpiInfo™ software package (v. 3.5.1), on a level 2 LAU (Local Administrative Units) shapefile. The resultant distribution maps and the data on seasonality and host associations may prove to be a useful reference system for subsequent studies on different tick species' distribution, ecology and biology, as well as a predictive tool for human and veterinary medicine, bearing in mind the vectorial role that ticks play in some dangerous diseases for man and livestock.
Leptochelia Vatulelensis (Crustacea: Tanaidacea), A New Species From Anchialine Caves of the South-Western Pacific
Authors: Guţu Modest , Iliffe Thomas 
Published: March 2012

Leptochelia Vatulelensis(Crustacea: Tanaidacea), A New Species From Anchialine Caves of the South-Western PacificLeptochelia vatulelensisn. sp., discovered on the small islands of Vatulele (Fijian group) and Ouvéa (Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia), is described and illustrated. The new species is distinguished from the others of the"Leptochelia-dubiagroup" (to which it is generally similar) by the following combination of morphological characteristics: (1) the presence of three to four distal setae on the maxilliped basis; (2) merus of pereopods III and IV with only a distosternal seta; (3) endopod of the uropods formed of four (rarely three) articles; (4) males with two (sometimes three) relatively short aesthetascs on the first five articles of the antennular flagellum; (5) male cheliped with a diminished dimorphism; (6) males with a vertical comb-row of setae on the cheliped propodus. Although it inhabits inland, anchialine caves, the new species lacks morphological features that are characteristic of some cave species.
Observations on the Bat Fauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Roşia Montană (Romania)
Authors: Murariu Dumitru , Pop Dorin 
Published: March 2012

Observations on the Bat Fauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Roşia Montană (Romania)The observation and identification of some bat species of the families Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae from Roşia Montană led to the completion of the list of the bat fauna, known from this locality, to a number of 12 species. This fact proves a certain state of the ecosystem complex from Roşia Montană, knowing that the bats are good indicators of the biodiversity state of an area. The bat species identified by the authors and added to the species list for Roşia Montană are:Rhinolophus hipposideros, Myotis brandtiiandPipistrellus (=Hypsugo) savii. Rhinolophus hipposiderosis included in the Annex II of the Directive of Habitats, and it is a key species in the National Programme for Bat Monitoring.
Synthesis of chitosan stabilized silver nanoparticles using gamma ray irradiation and characterization
Authors: Hettiarachchi M.A. , Wickramarachchi P.A.S.R. 
Published: March 2012

Chitosan stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using gamma ray irradiation. Four different sample solutions were prepared [1 mM AgNO3 in 0.1% (w/v) chitosan, 1 mM AgNO3 in 0.5% (w/v) chitosan, 2 mM AgNO3 in 0.1% (w/v) chitosan 2 mM AgNO3 in 0.5% (w/v) chitosan] with controls maintaining dose of radiation at 20±2 kGy. The formation of AgNPs were determined by the appearance of the characteristic colour of the AgNPs, using the surface plasmon resonance band (SPR) at 400-432 nm range and the N-H band of the FT-IR spectrum. Stability of the maximum absorption wave lengths of the samples was monitored for three months by UV-visible spectroscopy. The particle size distribution of the stabilized sample, showed a wide distribution of 28-1106 nm. The sample, 2 mM AgNO3 in 0.5% (w/v) chitosan was stable for three months. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed a shifting of N-H stretching vibration band from 3367-3228 cm-1 with the introduction of nanoparticles. Keywords : Silver nanoparticles; Chitosan; Gamma ray irradiationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/josuk.v6i0.4222J Sci.Univ.Kelaniya 6 (2011) : 65-75
A Pilot Study on Usability Analysis of Emergency Department Information System by Nurses
Authors: Shapiro J.S. , Genes N. , Aguilar M.V. , Mohrer D. , Baumlin K. , Belden J.L. , Kim M.S. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryObjectives: Employing new health information technologies while concurrently providing quality patient care and reducing risk is a major challenge in all health care sectors. In this study, we investigated the usability gaps in the Emergency Department Information System (EDIS) as ten nurses differentiated by two experience levels, namely six expert nurses and four novice nurses, completed two lists of nine scenario-based tasks.Methods: Standard usability tests using video analysis, including four sets of performance measures, a task completion survey, the system usability scale (SUS), and sub-task analysis were conducted in order to analyze usability gaps between the two nurse groups.Results: A varying degree of usability gaps were observed between the expert and novice nurse groups, as novice nurses completed the tasks both less efficiently, and expressed less satisfaction with the EDIS. The most interesting finding in this study was the result of ‘percent task success rate,’ the clearest performance measure, with no substantial difference observed between the two nurse groups. Geometric mean values between expert and novice nurse groups for this measure were 60% vs. 62% in scenario 1 and 66% vs. 55% in scenario 2 respectively, while there were some marginal to substantial gaps observed in other performance measures. In addition to performance measures and the SUS, sub-task analysis highlighted navigation pattern differences between users, regardless of experience level.Conclusion: This study will serve as a baseline study for a future comparative usability evaluation of EDIS in other institutions with similar clinical settings.
Reprogramming Approaches for Human Heart Disease
Authors: Srivastava Deepak 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHeart disease is a leading cause of death in adults and children. We, and others, have described complex signaling, transcriptional and translational networks that guide early differentiation of cardiac progenitors and later morphogenetic events during cardiogenesis. We found that networks of transcription factors and miRNAs function through positive and negative feedback loops to reinforce differentiation and proliferation decisions. Many of the same cues have been leveraged to control differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into cardiac, endothelial and smooth muscle cells that may be useful for regenerative purposes. We have used similar approaches to direct differentiation of disease-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells in order to model human heart disease.Recently, we utilized a combination of major cardiac regulatory factors, Gata4/Mef2c/Tbx5, to induce direct reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells with global gene expression and electrical activity similar to cardiomyocytes. The reprogramming was a stable event at the epigenetic level. We have now used genetic lineage-tracing techniques to demonstrate that resident cardiac fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into induced cardiomyocytes in vivo using a gene therapy approach. The in vivo efficiency of reprogramming into cells that are more fully reprogrammed into beating cardiomyocytes was greater than in vitro and resulted in improved cardiac function after injury. Knowledge regarding the early steps of cardiac differentiation in vivo has led to effective strategies to generate necessary cardiac cell types for disease-modeling and regenerative approaches, and promise to lead to new strategies for human heart disease.
Stem Cell Research: From Promise to Practice
Authors: Al Aqeel Aida 
Published: March 2012

AbstractStem cells are unspecialized cells able to divide and produce copies of themselves and having the potential to differentiate, ie to produce other cell types in the body. Because of the latter ability, the scientists investigate their possible use in regenerative medicine. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), especially, have huge therapeutic potential because they can give rise to every cell type in the body (pluripotency) as compared to stem cells from certain adult tissues that can only differentiate into a limited range of cell types. For this reason scientists stress the importance of embryonic stem cell research. However, this research raises sensitive ethical and religious arguments, which are balanced against possible great benefit of such research for the patients suffering from so far incurable diseases. Serious questions remain about safety.In Saudi Arabia, for the last five years, the Stem Cell Therapy Program has been established at King Faisal Specialist hospital and research center with the launch of 10 projects. Embryonic stem cell therapy for genetics metabolic disorders is one of the most promising modalities for the therapy and prevention of mentally and physically handicapped in children.Recent advances in the field of cloning and stem cell research has raised many complex questions. It is rare that a field of science causes debate and challenge not only among scientists, but also among ethicists, religious scholars, governments and politicians. There is no consensus on the morality of human cloning, even within specific religious traditions. In countries in which religion has a strong influence on political decision-making, the moral status of the human embryo is at the center of the debate. We will discuss our experience; how Islamic teachings make this very promising research and therapeutic technique, and modality of treatment permissible; and the Islamic perspectives about reproductive/therapeutic cloning.In conclusion, it is still unclear which human stem cells— whether embryonic or adult — will be developed and for which conditions. Qualities of the ideal stem cell in a clinical setting are expected to be extensive and far reaching. The ability for stem cells to be expanded in culture without genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, their ability to form functional cell types in vitro and in vivo, and their immuno-compatibility with the patient need to be studied. Given this, the focus of research community should be on developing human research capacity in both ASCs and ESCs. Each type of research will take time to mature. The ethical debate will need to produce acceptable policy and regulatory compromises so that the regulatory burden can be reduced and investors’ risk aversion can be overcome. If these things happen, the major remaining barrier to realizing the medical benefits of stem-cell research might be the lack of skilled scientists in the field. Our experience in Saudi Arabia will be presented.
Overview of Present Guidelines on Stem Cell Research
Authors: Ali Faleh Mohamed Hussein 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHuman stem cells, particularly embryonic stem cells, have unlimited capacity to develop into different types of cells such as muscle cells, nerve cells, heart cells, blood cells and others. Therefore, human stem cells hold the promise of a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues to treat an ever growing list of human diseases and conditions, including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, burns, heart disease, diabetes and arthritis.On the other hand, stem cell research has led to great controversy. The controversy centers on the ethics of conducting research involving the generation, usage and destruction of human embryonic stem cells. But it should be noted that new approaches and innovative strategies have yielded human stem cells without destruction of embryos via generating pluripotent stem cells from adult cells.The Supreme Council of Health (SCH) has developed a policy for the ethical use of human stem cells in research. The policy provides guidance and procedures under which proposed research in this area, conducted in Qatar publicly or privately funded, is ethically responsible, scientifically worthy, and conducted in accordance with national and international laws.The SCH presentation will introduce the research community to what is allowed and not allowed in research involving human embryonic stem cells in Qatar.
Umbilical cord blood transplantation: Saudi Arabia experience
Authors: Al Humaidan Hind 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTransplantation of allogeneic bone marrow has been successfully used in the treatment of high risk or recurrent hematologic malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes, selected hereditary immunodeficiency states and metabolic disorders.
Early in the history of bone marrow transplantation, it was clear that access to a suitable donor was a major obstacle severely limiting the use of this potentially curative treatment modality. Although using an HLA sibling donor is the best choice for transplantation, not all patients could have access to such a donor, therefore transplant centers explored the possibility of using volunteer adult unrelated donors as an alternative to HLA–matched siblings. In addition, there was another alternative treatment strategy as a source of hematopoietic stem cell namely Umbilical Cord Blood. In Saudi Arabia, 60 percent of our patients who need a transplant will find an HLA-matched sibling donor, leaving 40 percent of the patients in need of alternative sources. The concept of establishing a Cord Blood Bank in Saudi Arabia under the umbrella of King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre was raised after the increase in the rate of using cord blood for transplantation due to the inability of finding fully or closely HLA-matched related donors. This Cord Blood Bank is a non-profit public cord blood bank dedicated to making high quality cord blood units available to all patients in need of related and/or unrelated transplantation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and in the neighboring countries through the development and maintenance of a center of excellence for the collection, storage, search and distribution of ethnically and racially diverse cord blood units. Additionally, the mission of the Cord Blood Bank is to educate both the medical community and the public to the value of cord blood donation collection and cryopreservation, and increase the awareness of the importance of cord blood banking. To date, our inventory consists of 3,725 units of high quality cord blood with a total of 70 cord blood transplants carried out from our own inventory.