bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of importer commitment in international exchange: An agenda for future research
Authors: Saleh M Abu , Ali M Yunus 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCommitment has received great attention in the inter-organisational relationship literature but there is widespread debate and contention on what constitutes its key determinants, specifically in an import supplier context. Furthermore, inconsistencies in empirical findings of the buyer–seller relationship studies limit the theoretical development and use of internationalization theories in management practice. Yet this area warrants attention as it may assist in enabling the integration of the spectrum of importer commitment in the importer–exporter relationship. Essentially, this paper integrates and synthesises over eighty conceptual and empirical studies on commitment in the buyer–seller relationship from different contexts including grounding on internationalisation process theory, resource based theory of the firm and transaction costs economics. Conceptual arguments are assessed and empirical findings are evaluated across studies with the aim of developing a framework. With the support of three basic theories and extant literature, ten antecedents of importer commitment are identified. The causal direct and some indirect relationships are specified. Seventeen propositions are offered to guide future research efforts in this important field.
On the Use of Laguerre Tessellations for Representations of 3D Grain Structures
Authors: Lyckegaard Allan , Lauridsen Erik Mejdal , Ludwig Wolfgang , Fonda Richard Warren , Poulsen Henning Friis 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAccurate descriptions of 3D grain structures in polycrystalline materials are of key interest as the grain structure is closely correlated to the macroscopic properties of the material. In the present study, we investigate the accuracy of using Laguerre tessellations to represent 3D grain structures from only the spatial center of mass location and the volume of the grains. The ability of Laguerre tessellations to describe accurate grain shapes and topologies of real 3D grain structures are revealed by direct comparison to 3D reconstructions of an un‐deformed meta‐stable β ‐titanium alloy obtained by phase‐contrast micro‐tomography. This study reveals that (volume weighted) Laguerre tessellations are superior to classical Voronoi tessellations when it comes to providing accurate representations of real 3D grain structures. Furthermore, although the Laguerre tessellations were only able to correctly describe the local arrangements of grains (i.e., the grain neighbors and number of grain facets) for 31.8% of the investigated grains, the Laguerre tessellations were able to accurately describe statistical grain characteristics such as grain size distributions and grain neighbor distributions.
Efficient Synthesis of Novel Bis(dipyrromethanes) with Versatile Linkers via Indium(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed Condensation of Pyrrole and Dialdehydes
Authors: Zhao Hongbin , Liao Junxu , Ning Jingheng , Xie Yujia , Cao Yingjie , Chen Liang , Yang Deliang , Wang Bangying 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new efficient and mild protocol for synthesizing a series of novel bis(dipyrromethanes) with versatile arylene linkers through an indi‐ um(III) chloride‐catalyzed condensation reaction between various dialdehydes and pyrrole has been developed. This protocol is applicable to constructing a variety of bis(dipyrromethanes) with diverse functional linkers, which provides a powerful route to construct libraries of functionalized porphyrin dimers and even multiporphyrin arrays.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Rearrangement of α‐Acyloxy‐ β‐keto Sulfides to α‐Acyloxy Thioesters
Authors: Capitta Francesca , Frongia Angelo , Piras Pier Paolo , Pitzanti Patrizia , Secci Francesco 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe first highly enantioselective organocatalytic rearrangement of α‐acyloxy‐β‐keto sulfides to α‐acyloxy thioesters has been developed which provides a number of important synthetic building blocks in high yield and with excellent enantioselectivities (ee: up to 92%).
Reusable Chiral Dicationic Chromium(III) Salen Catalysts for Aminolytic Kinetic Resolution of trans‐Epoxides
Authors: Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Prathap K. Jeya , Roy Tamal , Maity Nabin Ch. , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Bajaj Hari C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA series of new recyclable chiral dicationic chromium(III) salen complexes 1–10 bearing different substituents, viz., hydrogen, methyl, tert‐butyl, triphenylphosphinomethyl, triethylaminomethyl, methylimidazolium, methylpyridinium, methyl‐N,N‐dimethylpyridinium at the 3,3′‐ and 5,5′‐ positions of the salen unit with (1S,2S)‐(+)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane, (1S,2S)‐(−)‐1,2‐diphenyl‐1,2‐diaminoethane, and (S)‐(−)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine collars have been synthesized and characterized by various physico‐chemical methods. These complexes were used as catalysts for the highly enantioselective aminolytic kinetic resolution of racemic trans‐epoxides with different anilines as nucleophiles at room temperature. With the use of catalyst 3, anti‐β‐amino alcohols were obtained in excellent yields (>99% with respect to the nucleophile) and enantioselectivities (ee>99%) with the concomitant recovery of corresponding epoxides in high optical purity (ee up to >99%) and quantitative yields in 12 h. The catalyst 3 is recyclable in the aminolytic kinetic resolution process and worked well up to six cycles with retention of enantioselectivity.
Carbenes Made Easy: Formation of Unsymmetrically Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Palladium(II), Platinum(II) and Gold(I) from Coordinated Isonitriles and their Catalytic Activity
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Lothschütz Christian , Böhling Constantin , Hengst Tobias , Hubbert Christoph , Rominger Frank 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFrom palladium(II) or platinum(II) bis(isonitrile) complexes and from gold(I) isonitrile complexes, both easily available from simple precursors, the corresponding mono‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes could be obtained selectively in good yields under very mild conditions. The reagents are simple β‐chloroammonium salts in the presence of a weak base. Unsymmetric NHC complexes are accessible. Thus over only two steps from simple metal precursors a broad variety of NHC complexes is available, the method is ideal to quickly assemble catalyst libraries. The palladium complexes are active pre‐catalysts in Suzuki cross‐coupling even with the additional isonitrile ligand on palladium.
“On Water” Direct and Site‐Selective Pd‐Catalysed CH Arylation of (NH)‐Indoles
Authors: Joucla Lionel , Batail Nelly , Djakovitch Laurent 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis communication describes the development of a versatile catalytic system based on palladium(II) acetate/bis(diphenylphosphino)methane [Pd(OAc)2/dppm] that works “on water” giving site‐selective CH arylation of (NH)‐indoles without protecting or directing groups. Remarkably, the control of regioselectivity was achieved by small changes in the “extra‐catalytic” base/halide partners. These innovative methodologies allow a high‐yielding access to both C2 and C3‐arylindoles, as well as 2,3‐diarylindoles, and display high chemo/regioselectivities and structural versatility with regard to either indole or aryl moieties.
Metal Organic Frameworks as Solid Acid Catalysts for Acetalization of Aldehydes with Methanol
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Alvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRoom temperature acetalization of aldehydes with methanol has been carried out using metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as solid heterogeneous catalysts. Of the MOFs tested, a copper‐containing MOF [Cu3(BTC)2] (BTC=1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate) showed better catalytic activity than an iron‐containing MOF [Fe(BTC)] and an aluminium containing MOF [Al2(BDC)3] (BDC=1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate). The protocol was validated for a series of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and used to protect various aldehydes into commercially important acetals in good yields without the need of water removal. In addition, the reusability and heterogeneity of this catalytic system was demonstrated. The structural stability of MOF was further studied by characterization with powder X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements and Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopic analysis of a deactivated catalyst used to convert a large amount of benzaldehyde. The performance of copper MOF as acetalization catalyst compares favourably with those of other conventional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts such as zinc chloride, zeolite and clay.
Asymmetric Synthesis of cis‐3,4‐Disubstituted Chromans and Dihydrocoumarins via an Organocatalytic Michael Addition/ Hemiacetalization Reaction
Authors: Enders Dieter , Wang Chuan , Yang Xuena , Raabe Gerhard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe organocatalytic domino Michael/hemiacetalization reaction between various aldehydes and ortho‐nitrovinylphenols has been developed. Under the catalysis of diphenyl prolinol trimethylsilyl ether, cis‐3,4‐disubstituted chromanols are obtained in high to excellent yields (81–98%) and stereoselectivities (dr: 86:14 to >99:1, ee 96 to >99%). The corresponding disubstituted chromans are available by dehydroxylation of the domino products in good to excellent yields (58–95%). Furthermore, oxidation of the domino products with pyridinium chlorochromate provided 3,4‐dihydrocoumarins in good yields (65–83%) without any epimerization.
Helical flow of polymer melts in extruders, part II: Model simulation and validation
Authors: Sanjabi Farshid , Upreti Simant R. , Lohi Ali , Ein‐Mozaffari Farhad 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper is a sequel to the development of the mathematical model carried out in Part I of this work. The model describes the flow of a polymer melt inside the helical channel of an injection‐molding machine. In this initiative, we develop an iterative computational algorithm based on shooting Newton–Raphson method to simulate the mathematical model. The simulation results are validated against experimental data obtained from 10 different runs of an industrial injection molding machine processing two different polymers–‐ high‐density polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate. It is observed that the simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data. This outcome demonstrates the utility of the developed mathematical model and simulation approach. From the standpoint of industrial practice, the direct benefit of this work is the ability to effectively calculate adequate shot size, recovery rate, and various state variables throughout the extent of the machine. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:261–279, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20193
Crystallization and enzymatic hydrolysis of PLA grade for orthopedics
Authors: Papageorgiou George Z. , Beslikas Theodore , Gigis John , Christoforides John , Bikiaris Dimitrios N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) absorbable reinforcement ligaments that are used in orthopedics for the repair and reinforcement of articulation instabilities as well as PLA samples synthesized in the laboratory were studied with respect to their thermal properties, crystallization kinetics, mechanical properties, and enzymatic hydrolysis. For these purposes, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), step‐scan modulated temperature DSC, hot stage polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, and enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were performed on both cases of samples and findings were compared. The PLA ligament showed higher tensile properties and higher crystallization rates under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. Isothermal crystallization and cold crystallization kinetics were studied using various models. The effective energy barrier of nonisothermal crystallization was also evaluated using the isoconversional method of Friedman. The generated morphology in the case of isothermal crystallization was observed with the use of PLM, and the spherulite growth rates were calculated. Finally, both materials showed very slow enzymatic degradation rates, although in the case of the reinforcement ligament they were substantially higher compared to the laboratory PLA sample. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:280–299, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20194
Parental investment and socioeconomic status influences on children's height in Honduras: An analysis of national data
Authors: Sparks Corey S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives: This research analyzes variation in children's height‐for‐age z‐scores from a nationally representative sample of children from Honduras in 2006. This work draws on theoretical perspectives from parental investment theory to describe the mediating effects that parental investment may have on children's health and nutrition, even in low socioeconomic status households.Methods: This research uses the 2006 Demographic and Health Survey for the country of Honduras. The dependent variable is the child's height‐for‐age z‐score (HFAZ). Variation in the HFAZ is analyzed using multiple regression and multilevel regression models to incorporate individual, family and higher‐level predictors.Results: The findings suggest that children who are more invested in by their parents had better outcomes (HFAZ) than children whose parents did not invest as much. Of the three measures of parental investment used in this study, child wantedness and adequate prenatal care represented significant effects on children's HFAZ, and breastfeeding duration exhibited an interactive effect with household socioeconomic status.Conclusions: Results suggest that families that can invest more in their children through breastfeeding and sufficient prenatal care can mediate the negative effects of poor socioeconomic status on their children's health. This suggests that these measures of investment used here may be effective at mediating the negative effects of low socioeconomic status for this particular child health outcome. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between sleep duration and body size differs among three Hispanic groups
Authors: Knutson Kristen L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives: Although numerous studies have reported negative associations between sleep duration and body size, no studies of this association have focused on Hispanic groups, which was the goal of this work.Methods: Data are from adults in the 1982–1984 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES), which enrolled Cuban‐Americans, Mexican‐Americans, and Puerto Ricans. HHANES included self‐reported sleep duration and several anthropometric measures. Principle component analysis extracted a single variable to represent body size. Linear regression models stratified by Hispanic group predicted body size from sleep duration adjusting for age, sex, education, income, marital status, household size, and acculturation.Results: Average age was 36–44 years and 52–64% were women. Average sleep duration was 7.3–7.7 h. Shorter sleep duration was associated with larger body size in Mexican‐Americans only. The regression coefficient indicated that on average a Mexican‐American adult who reported sleeping for 4 h would have a body size that was larger by 0.12 times the standard deviation for body size than a Mexican‐American adult reporting 8 h of sleep (all other covariates being equal). This effect was similar to the effect of 10 years of age, which would be associated with an increase in body size by 0.10 times the standard deviation of body size.Conclusions: These results underscore the importance of examining factors associated with obesity in different ethnic groups. It may be inappropriate to combine different Hispanic ethnicities together. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variability in dental caries prevalence between male and female foragers from the Late/Final Jomon period: Implications for dietary behavior and reproductive ecology
Authors: Temple Daniel H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectivesThis study documents sex differences in dental caries prevalence among Late to Final Jomon period (4000 through 2300 BP) foragers from Japan and interprets the results within behavioral, dietary, and reproductive context.MethodsThe presence/absence of carious lesions was recorded from ∼1600 Late/Final Jomon period teeth. Frequencies and mean numbers of carious teeth were compared between males and females according to age, tooth group, and region using Fisher's exact and t tests.ResultsSignificantly greater frequencies of carious molar teeth were observed in females compared to males in each age group. Few differences were observed between older and younger females as well as between females from high and low density regions. Significantly greater prevalence of cariogenic molars were, however, observed between females in Age Group 3 from a high compared to low density region. Significantly greater average numbers of carious molar teeth were found in females compared to males, with no significant differences in mean number of carious teeth between age groups.ConclusionsDifferences in carious teeth between the sexes likely reflect behavioral and dietary variation for males and females. Limited differences in caries prevalence and mean number of carious teeth between female age groups and regions of varying population density suggests that reproductive factors played a minor role in dental caries variation between males and females. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic influences on serum bilirubin in American Indians: The strong heart family study
Authors: Melton Phillip E. , Haack Karin , Göring Harald H. , Laston Sandy , Umans Jason G. , Lee Elisa T. , Fabsitz Richard R. , Devereux Richard B. , Best Lyle G. , Maccluer Jean W. , Almasy Laura , Cole Shelley A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo identify genetic variation influencing serum bilirubin levels in American Indians, we performed genome‐wide screening and association analyses in the Strong Heart Family Study. Bilirubin is an endogenous antioxidant that has demonstrated an inverse relationship with cardiovascular disease. Genetic variation within the promoter region of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) on chromosome 2q has been associated with elevated serum bilirubin levels in European populations. However, no study has investigated the UGT1A1 promoter in American Indians.MethodsStatistical analyses were carried out with 3,484 participants aged 14 to 93 years recruited from three geographic areas in the United States; Arizona, Oklahoma, and North and South Dakota.ResultsVariance components linkage analysis detected a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for bilirubin on chromosome 2q in the combined centers (LOD = 6.61, P = 4.24 × 10−6) and in Oklahoma (LOD = 5.65, P = 4.57 24 × 10−5). Genetic association of the UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism was significant for all geographic locations. After adjustment using conditional linkage for UGT1A1 promoter variance, the linkage signal dropped to 1.10 in the combined sample and to 3.32 (P = 0.02) in Oklahoma, indicating this polymorphism is not completely responsible for the linkage signal in American Indians. We also detected suggestive linkage signals in the Dakotas on chromosome 10p12 (LOD = 2.18) and in the combined centers (LOD = 2.24) on chromosome 10q21.ConclusionsReplication of a serum bilirubin QTL on chromosome 2q in American Indians implicates UGT1A1 but further genotyping is warranted to identify additional causative polymorphisms. Evidence also supports a potential novel locus for bilirubin on chromosome 10. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An updated analysis of pubertal linear growth characteristics and age at menarche in ethnic Chinese
Authors: Mao Sai‐Hu , Li Hai‐Bo , Jiang Jun , Sun Xu , Cheng Jack C.Y. , Qiu Yong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectivesConcerns regarding change in the onset and tempo of pubertal growth in ethnic Chinese have posed a need for current information on growth characteristics. This study is to update the normative data of pubertal linear growth characteristics and distribution of age at menarche in healthy Chinese adolescents.MethodsA multistage stratified cluster sampling investigation based on age and sex was designed for anthropometric data collection in 2008, including 15,204 healthy boys and 13,047 healthy girls. The PB1 mathematical growth model was utilized to derive biological parameters of the adolescent growth curves. Ages at menarche were estimated in 6,476 girls through probit analysis at the ages at which 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of the girls attained menarche.ResultsThe peak growth age (PGA) was 12.6 years for boys and 10.6 years for girls. The PHV was 6.91 cm/yr in boys and 6.69 cm/yr in girls. The overall increments of adult height since 1985 were 3.3 cm for males and 2.3 cm for females, yielded rates of 1.4 and 1.0 cm/decade, respectively. Less than 10% of Chinese girls experience onset of menses before 11.38 years, and approximately 90% of all Chinese girls are menstruating by 13.88 years, with a median age of 12.63 years.ConclusionsThe current study showed an advancing trend in PGA in both Chinese boys and girls. Decreasing menarche age was also observed for Chinese girls. These updated data would serve as useful reference for interpretation of endocrine and growth status and growth disorders in Chinese during peripubertal period. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IRF6mutations in mixed isolated familial clefting
Authors: Rutledge Katherine D. , Barger Christina , Grant John H. , Robin Nathaniel H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMutations in the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene are known to cause van der Woude syndrome (VWS), a common syndromic form of oro‐facial clefting characterized by the familial occurrence of mixed clefting (cleft lip with or without a cleft palate and cleft palate alone in the same family) and lower lip pits. As lip pits are not present in all cases of VWS,IRF6mutations can cause a phenotype identical to non‐syndromic clefting. However, recent studies failed to identifyIRF6mutations in sporadic and familial non‐syndromic clefting, concluding that testing forIRF6was not warranted for sporadic or familial non‐syndromic clefting. Here we report on two families that demonstrate familial mixed clefting in which mutations inIRF6were identified, suggesting thatIRF6testing does have a role in familial, non‐syndromic OFC. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical report of microphthalmia and optic nerve coloboma associated with a de novo microdeletion of chromosome 16p11.2
Authors: Bardakjian Tanya M. , Kwok Simon , Slavotinek Anne M. , Schneider Adele S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAnophthalmia and microphthalmia are etiologically and clinically heterogeneous. We present a 13‐year‐old boy with microphthalmia and multiple anomalies who was evaluated as part of our research into the etiology of microphthalmia. His clinical features included left microphthalmia, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and posterior coloboma, right posterior pole coloboma, pectus excavatum, mild hypotonia, mild delays in speech and motor development, and an anxiety disorder with social difficulties. Investigations with a chromosome microarray revealed a de novo deletion of chromosome 16p11.2 of approximately 882 kb in size. Deletions of this region of chromosome 16p11.2 are a newly delineated microdeletion syndrome, but this is the first report of microphthalmia and coloboma associated with monosomy for 16p11.2, and emphasizes the clinical variability that can be present with this deletion. This report contributes to the growing knowledge regarding this microdeletion and suggests that rare copy number changes may be a cause of microphthalmia and other eye anomalies. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.