bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Geographically Weighted Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Newborn Cytomegalovirus Screening
Authors: Lantos Paul M , Gantt Soren , Janko Mark , Dionne Francois , Permar Sallie R , Fowler Karen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Early identification of newborns with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is necessary to provide antiviral therapy and other interventions that can improve outcomes. Prior research demonstrates that universal newborn CMV screening would be the most cost-effective approach to identifying newborns who are infected. CMV is not uniformly prevalent, and it is uncertain whether universal screening would remain cost-effective in lower-prevalence neighborhoods. Our aim was to identify geographic heterogeneity in the cost-effectiveness of universal newborn CMV screening by combining a geospatial analysis with a preexisting cost-effectiveness analysis.

Methods
This study used the CMV testing results and zip code location data of 96 785 newborns in 7 metropolitan areas who had been tested for CMV as part of the CMV and Hearing Multicenter Screening study. A hierarchical bayesian generalized additive model was constructed to evaluate geographic variability in the odds of CMV. The zip code–level odds of CMV were then used to weight the results of a previously published model evaluating universal CMV screening vs symptom-targeted screening.

Results
The odds of CMV were heterogeneous over large geographic scales, with the highest odds in the southeastern United States. Universal screening was more cost-effective and afforded more averted cases of severe hearing loss than targeted testing. Universal screening remained the most cost-effective option even in areas with the lowest CMV prevalence.

Conclusions
Universal newborn CMV screening is cost-effective regardless of underlying CMV prevalence and is the preferred strategy to reduce morbidity from congenital CMV.
Suppression of MyD88 disturbs gut microbiota and activates the NLR pathway and hence fails to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis
Authors: Li Jun-hua , Chen Yu , Ye Zheng-hao , Chen Li-ping , Xu Jia-xin , Han Jian , Xie Lin , Xing Shuai , Tian De-an , Seidler Ursula , Liao Jia-zhi , Xiao Fang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is the core adaptor for Toll-like receptors defending against microbial invasion and initiating a downstream immune response during microbiota–host interaction. However, the role of MyD88 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is controversial. This study aims to investigate the impact of MyD88 on intestinal inflammation and the underlying mechanism.

Methods
MyD88 knockout (MyD88−/−) mice and the MyD88 inhibitor (TJ-M2010-5) were used to investigate the impact of MyD88 on acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Disease activity index, colon length, histological score, and inflammatory cytokines were examined to evaluate the severity of colitis. RNA transcriptome analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to detect the potential mechanism.

Results
In an acute DSS-colitis model, the severity of colitis was not alleviated in MyD88−/− mice and TJ-M2010-5-treated mice, despite significantly lower levels of NF-κB activation being exhibited compared to control mice. Meanwhile, 16S rDNA sequencing and RNA transcriptome analysis revealed a higher abundance of intestinal Proteobacteria and an up-regulation of the nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) signaling pathway in colitis mice following MyD88 suppression. Further blockade of the NLRs signaling pathway or elimination of gut microbiota with broad-spectrum antibiotics in DSS-induced colitis mice treated with TJ-M2010-5 ameliorated the disease severity, which was not improved solely by MyD88 inhibition. After treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, downregulation of the NLR signaling pathway was observed.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that the suppression of MyD88 might be associated with unfavorable changes in the composition of gut microbiota, leading to NLR-mediated immune activation and intestinal inflammation.
Lanternfish larvae (Teleostei: Myctophidae) feeding ecology in the continental slope and off oceanic islands in the tropical Atlantic
Authors: de Santana Jana Ribeiro , da Costa Alejandro Esteweson Santos Faustino , Landaeta Mauricio F , Mafalda Jr. Paulo de Oliveira , Schwamborn Silvia Helena Lima , Neumann-Leitão Sigrid , Schwamborn Ralf 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Myctophids are central in ocean food webs, yet knowledge of the ecology of larval stages is sparse. We investigated if larval feeding ecology is different in continental shelf break waters compared to waters off oceanic islands in the western Tropical Atlantic. The larvae were collected through diurnal and nocturnal oblique hauls using a Bongo net and stomach contents were analyzed. The larvae ranged between 2.27 and 16.5 mm in standard length. Diet composition was different in the slope and islands (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA), P &lt; 0.001). Diatoms (mainly Thalassiosira spp. and fragments of diatoms) were numerically important in the diet at the slope site (69% of relative importance). Copepods were the most relevant prey (71% of relative importance) near the islands. Copepods were the biomass-dominant dietary item at both areas, alongside ostracods near the islands. Smaller prey items were more important for smaller larvae, particularly those measuring up to 4 mm. Larger prey became relatively more important as the larvae grew to at least 8 mm. Larvae fed mostly during the daytime regardless of their size class.
A Markov chain model of Daphnia motion
Authors: Spade David A , Strickler J Rudi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Daphnia magna make turns through an antennae-whipping action. This action occurs every few seconds, so during the intervening time, the animal either remains in place or it continues movement roughly along its current course. We view their movement in two dimensions as being on a lattice, and construct a second-order Markov chain model to make predictions about which region of the lattice the animal moves to based on where it was at the last two time points. This model accounts for the animal’s morphology with respect to the antennae-whipping behavior.
Ocean-colour anomalies quantified by the human eye
Authors: Brewin Robert J W , Dall’Olmo Giorgio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Phytoplankton turn seawater green when their concentration increases. This allows us to monitor them using ocean colour. However, as the spectral properties of phytoplankton and their relationship with other coloured substances in seawater vary, subtle differences (anomalies) in ocean colour occur that can cause large errors in estimates of phytoplankton abundance. Identifying and understanding these anomalies is required to interpret ocean-colour data properly, but not all scientists have access to, or can afford, the in-situ instrumentation needed to do this. We show that practical, low-cost tools developed in the 19th century (a Secchi disk and Forel-Ule colour scale) can be used to quantify a colour anomaly in the Weddell Sea. Our findings imply that ocean-colour anomalies can be identified using affordable methods. Furthermore, records collected over the last century may contain clues on how ocean ecosystems have changed with climate.
Large-scale culturing of the subpolar foraminifera Globigerina bulloides reveals tolerance to a large range of environmental parameters associated to different life-strategies and an extended lifespan
Authors: Sykes Freya E , Meilland Julie , Westgård Adele , Chalk Thomas B , Chierici Melissa , Foster Gavin L , Ezat Mohamed M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The subtropical to subpolar planktic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides is a calcifying marine protist, and one of the dominant foraminiferal species of the Nordic Seas. Previously, the relative abundance and shell geochemistry of fossil G. bulloides have been studied for palaeoceanographic reconstructions. There is however a lack of biological observations on the species and a poor understanding of its ecological tolerances, especially for high latitude genotypes. Here, we present observations from the first extensive culturing of G. bulloides under subpolar conditions, including the first low temperature (6–13°C) and variable salinity (30–38) experiments. Carbonate chemistry (pH and [CO32−]) was also manipulated. Experimental conditions were chosen to reflect a range of plausible past and future scenarios for the Nordic Seas. We found G. bulloides to be tolerant of environmental conditions well outside their optimal range (&lt;10°C, salinity &lt;33, pH &lt;8). Observed life span was up to three months, which was attributed to a microalgal diet. Two alternative life strategies were employed, whereby individuals either experienced rapid growth and death, or a prolonged lifespan with minimal growth and death via slow decay. We posit this could help explain differences in geochemical signals recorded from different size fractions of fossil specimens used for palaeoceanographic reconstructions.
Food, nutrition, and related policy issues: Evidence-based policy and the credibility crisis
Authors: Krasovskaia Elena , Just David R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the push for evidence-based policy has gained momentum, particularly in the field of food and nutrition, where the stakes for public health are high, underscoring the need for aligning policy with robust scientific evidence. This paper examines the credibility crisis in evidence-based policymaking, highlighting challenges such as conflicts of interest and misuse of scientific findings. We delve into the complexities of food policies, including nutrition labeling and food assistance programs, and discuss the limitations of relying on single studies and short-term impacts for policymaking. The paper explores perverse incentives within the policy research ecosystem and illustrates potential bias and the lack of equipoise in research design. We conclude with recommendations for enhancing the credibility of evidence-based policy, emphasizing the importance of independence, relevance, and transparency in research citations and the need for dynamic policy responses informed by ongoing scientific developments.
The value of axillary, facial, occipital, subclavian and common carotid arteries ultrasound in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Martins-Martinho Joana , Bandeira Matilde , James Lija , Verdiyeva Ayna , Fontes Tomás , Lopes Ana Rita , Naique Sofia , Velho Iolanda , Khmelinskii Nikita , Luqmani Raashid , Ponte Cristina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic value for GCA in adding the axillary arteries (AX) to the temporal artery (TA) ultrasound, particularly in patients with a cranial phenotype of the disease; and to investigate the utility of facial (FA), occipital (OC), subclavian (SC) and common carotid (CC) ultrasound in patients with suspected GCA.MethodsPatients with new-onset GCA and a positive ultrasound of the TA, AX, FA, OC, SC or CC, followed at the rheumatology departments of two academic centres, were retrospectively included.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty patients were assessed. TA halo sign was identified in 206/230 (89.6%) cases, FA in 40/82 (48.8%), OC in 17/69 (24.6%), AX in 56/230 (24.3%), SC in 31/57 (54.4%) and CC in 14/68 (20.6%). Negative TA ultrasound was found in 24/230 (10.4%) patients: 22 had AX involvement, one exclusive OC involvement and one exclusive SC involvement. Adding AX evaluation to the TA ultrasound increased the diagnostic yield for GCA by 9.6%, whereas adding OC or SCs to the TA and AX ultrasound increased it by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively. No value was found in adding the FA or CCs. Notably, 13 patients with cranial symptoms and four with exclusively cranial symptoms showed negative TA ultrasound but positive AX ultrasound.ConclusionAdding the evaluation of AXs to the TA ultrasound increased the number of patients diagnosed with GCA, even in cases of predominantly cranial symptoms. In the subset of patients where these arteries were assessed, no substantial benefit was found in adding the FA, OC, SC or CC arteries to the TA and AX ultrasonographic assessment.
Genetically Informed Study Highlights Income-Independent Effect of Schizophrenia Liability on Mental and Physical Health
Authors: Kouakou Manuela R , Cabrera-Mendoza Brenda , Pathak Gita A , Cannon Tyrone D , Polimanti Renato 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) suffer from comorbidities that substantially reduce their life expectancy. Socioeconomic inequalities could contribute to many of the negative health outcomes associated with SCZ.

Study Design
We investigated genome-wide datasets related to SCZ (52 017 cases and 75 889 controls) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, household income (HI; N = 361 687) from UK Biobank, and 2202 medical endpoints assessed in up to 342 499 FinnGen participants. A phenome-wide genetic correlation analysis of SCZ and HI was performed, also assessing whether SCZ genetic correlations were influenced by the HI effect on SCZ. Additionally, SCZ and HI direct effects on medical endpoints were estimated using multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR).

Study Results
SCZ and HI showed overlapping genetic correlations with 70 traits (P &lt; 2.89 × 10−5), including mental health, substance use, gastrointestinal illnesses, reproductive outcomes, liver diseases, respiratory problems, and musculoskeletal phenotypes. SCZ genetic correlations with these traits were not affected by the HI effect on SCZ. Considering Bonferroni multiple testing correction (P &lt; 7.14 × 10−4), MR analysis indicated that SCZ and HI may affect medical abortion (SCZ OR = 1.07; HI OR = 0.78), panic disorder (SCZ OR = 1.20; HI OR = 0.60), personality disorders (SCZ OR = 1.31; HI OR = 0.67), substance use (SCZ OR = 1.2; HI OR = 0.68), and adjustment disorders (SCZ OR = 1.18; HI OR = 0.78). Multivariable MR analysis confirmed that SCZ effects on these outcomes were independent of HI.

Conclusions
The effect of SCZ genetic liability on mental and physical health may not be strongly affected by socioeconomic differences. This suggests that SCZ-specific strategies are needed to reduce negative health outcomes affecting patients and high-risk individuals.
Cell cycle machinery in oncology: A comprehensive review of therapeutic targets
Authors: Cavalu Simona , Abdelhamid Amir Mohamed , Saber Sameh , Elmorsy Elsayed A. , Hamad Rabab S. , Abdel‐Reheim Mustafa Ahmed , Yahya Galal , Salama Mohamed M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe cell cycle is tightly regulated to ensure controlled cell proliferation. Dysregulation of the cell cycle machinery is a hallmark of cancer that leads to unchecked growth. This review comprehensively analyzes key molecular regulators of the cell cycle and how they contribute to carcinogenesis when mutated or overexpressed. It focuses on cyclins, cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), CDK inhibitors, checkpoint kinases, and mitotic regulators as therapeutic targets. Promising strategies include CDK4/6 inhibitors like palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib for breast cancer treatment. Other possible targets include the anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), Skp2, p21, and aurora kinase inhibitors. However, challenges with resistance have limited clinical successes so far. Future efforts should focus on combinatorial therapies, next‐generation inhibitors, and biomarkers for patient selection. Targeting the cell cycle holds promise but further optimization is necessary to fully exploit it as an anti‐cancer strategy across diverse malignancies.
Protected Time for Self-Care for Veterans Health Administration Employees
Authors: Schult Tamara M. , Finnell John S. , Gray Charles , Reddy Kavitha P. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesEmployee Whole Health (EWH) empowers VA employees to take charge of their well-being by integrating self-care into their workday, but employees lack time to participate.MethodsEmployees at three VA medical centers participated in a 12-month feasibility cohort study to protect 60 minutes of time per week for self-care. Questionnaire data were collected at three time points and qualitative data at two time points. Pilot offerings included education and complementary and integrative health modalities for well-being.ResultsEmployees enrolled spring 2021 (n= 312). Complete-case regression analyses indicated significant improvements in wellness culture, resiliency, self-efficacy, perceived stress, and flourishing at 12 months. Multiple imputation analyses confirmed improvements except for self-efficacy. Qualitative findings supported quantitative findings.ConclusionsProviding protected time for self-care was feasible and supported improvements in well-being. However, high workload was identified as an ongoing barrier to participation.
Daily Associations Between Presenteeism and Health-Related Factors Among Office Workers
Authors: Suwa Kaori , Nakamura Toru , Kishi Akifumi , Takeuchi Hiroki , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2024

Objective
The study examined daily associations between presenteeism and health-related factors among office workers using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).

Methods
Diurnal mood and physical symptoms were repeatedly recorded over 2 weeks with EMA. Daily work performance (WP) was also recorded. Recalled WP and baseline health conditions were assessed via questionnaires. Daily sleep was assessed using actigraphy. Reliability between recalled and daily WP was compared. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to analyze the effects of sleep, mood, and physical symptoms on daily WP.

Results
Weak yet significant agreement was found between recalled and daily WP, with EMA capturing occasional declines in performance overlooked by recalled assessments. HLM indicated that longer sleep, reduced depressive mood, and decreased shoulder stiffness were significantly associated with increased daily WP.

Conclusions
These factors are associated with daily fluctuations in presenteeism, suggesting potential targets of intervention.
Data wobbles in hidradenitis suppurativa clinical trials and potential contributing factors: a retrospective review
Authors: Snyder Corey L. , Gibson Ruby S. , Chen Stella X. , Porter Martina L. , Kimball Alexa B. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
In some hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) clinical trial study arms, there is an unexpected decline in efficacy between the penultimate visit and the prespecified primary endpoint week, which we have termed a “wobble.”

Objective:
We aimed to establish how often study arms in HS programs wobble.

Methods:
In a retrospective review, we identified HS clinical trials listed on ClinicalTrials.gov testing systemic, nonantibiotic medications that utilized Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR) as an outcome measure. We identified study arms demonstrating greater improvement in a visit prior to the primary endpoint week. Baseline subject characteristics were compared between studies with HiSCR wobble and no HiSCR wobble.

Results:
A total of 21 studies (randomized control trial [RCT], n = 14; open-label, n = 7) with 35 study drug arms (RCT, n = 27; open-label, n = 8) and 14 placebo arms were identified. HiSCR wobble occurred significantly more often in RCT compared to open-label study drug arms (11/27 [40.7%] vs 0/8 [0%]). In RCT study arms with HiSCR wobble, baseline draining fistula counts were significantly lower (2.3 vs 3.2), and numerically fewer Hurley stage 3 patients (33.2% vs 42.5%), lower weighted total abscess and nodule counts (12.1 vs 12.6), lower weighted dermatology life quality index scores (12.5 vs 14.5), and a higher proportion of female patients (63.9% vs 58.3%) were observed.

Limitations:
Include low number of HS clinical trials and insufficient data reported in many studies to assess for wobble, degree of wobble, and to compare all baseline characteristics.

Conclusion:
Nonlinear improvement in study arm response occurs in some HS RCTs. Potential contributing factors include a higher proportion of less severe patients at baseline and more female patients.
Efficacy of the efficacy between dexamethasone versus triamcinolone acetonide after cataract surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Tianqiu , Yang Mei , Zhang Junfang , Zhang Guowei , Kang Lihua , Guan Huaijin 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical effects between dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation among cataract patients.

Methods:
Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published up to August 2020. The primary outcome was intraocular pressure. The secondary outcomes were the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), anterior chamber cell, and anterior chamber flare. The pooled effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) of 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa scale criteria were used for the quality assessment of included studies.

Results:
Seven relevant studies met the inclusion criteria. For the primary outcome, there was no significant difference between TA injection and dexamethasone in comparing intraocular pressure (IOP) (SMD = 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.29, 0.73], P = .408; I² = 86.9%) in the first day after treatment and last day of assessment. For the secondary outcomes, the logMAR (WMD = 0.01, 95% CI [−0.06, 0.08]) and the anterior chamber flare (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI [−0.01, 0.18], P = .087; I² = 0%) showed no differences. However, the amount of anterior chamber cells (SMD = −0.21, 95% CI [−0.42, −0.01], P = .044; I² = 0%) in the TA injection on the first day postoperative was higher than for dexamethasone. After treatment, there was no difference between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
This study supports that there were no differences in IOP, logMAR, and anterior chamber flare between TA injection and dexamethasone among cataract patients. TA injection treatment on the first day showed higher amounts of anterior chamber cells than with dexamethasone.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with leptomeningeal metastases has been treated with comprehensive treatment for long-term survival: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yang Yi , Jiang Jiajia , Liu Yajing , Feng Shuanghao , Bu Hui 
Published: June 2024

Rationale:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a high incidence in East and Southeast Asia, often with distant metastasis. However, leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is extremely rare and usually has a poor prognosis. This paper reports the clinical treatment of a patient with meningeal metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in order to improve the clinician’s understanding of the disease. Early diagnosis of the disease can alleviate the pain of patients and prolong their survival time.

Patient concerns:
We report the case of a 55-year-old female with a history of NPC with LM. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed temporal lobe enhancement, peripheral edema, and enhancement of the adjacent meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology suggests the presence of malignant tumor cells.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with LM from NPC.

Interventions:
The patients were regularly given targeted therapy with nimotuzumab, immunotherapy with karyolizumab, and lumbar intrathecal methotrexate chemotherapy and supportive treatment.

Outcomes:
The patient had survived for 3 years since the diagnosis of LM and was in good condition and still under active antitumor treatment.

Lessons:
Leptomeningeal metastasis of NPC is a rare disease. Although there is currently no unified treatment plan, the neurological symptoms can still be controlled and the quality of life can be improved through active treatment.