bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsatile insulin infusion and glucose‐homeostasis in well‐controlled Type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetic patients
Authors: HEINEMANN L. , SONNENBERG G. E. , HOHMANN A. , RITZENHOFF A. , BERGER M. , BENN J. , SÖNKSEN P. , KELLEY D. , GERICH J. , AOKI T. , SORENSEN J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Heinemann L, Sonnenberg GE, Hohmann A, Ritzenhoff A, Berger M, Benn J, Sönksen P, Kelley D, Gerich J, Aoki T, Sorensen J. (Department of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Heinrich‐Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, West Germany, Department of Medicine, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guys and St. Thomas's Hospital, London, UK, Diabetes Section, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, American Technology and Ventures, Division of Baxter Travenol, Irvine, USA). Pulsatile insulin infusion and glucose‐homeostasis in well‐controlled Type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetic patients.Pulsatile, intravenous insulin infusion designed to mimic the portal insulin concentrations that emerge physiologically after a meal, has been postulated to improve glucose tolerance in Type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetic patients. We studied the effects of insulin pulsing (10 i.v. pulses of human insulin of 0.035 U kg−1 idealised body weight were given, each of 20 s duration, with intervals of 6 min, three times per day covered with adequate administration of glucose) on 2 successive days on glucose‐tolerance in nine well‐controlled Type 1 diabetic patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy (age 26 (7) years, mean (SD): duration of diabetes 10(7) years: body mass index 23.4 (2.3) kg m−2; HbA1c. 6.0 (0.6)%). On the days before and after the insulin pulsing, the patients were subjected to metabolic assessments by an oral glucose tolerance test (1 g glucose kg−1 body weight) 30 min after the subcutaneous injection of 0.15 U kg−1 body weight regular human insulin and a subsequent bicycle‐ergometer test.During these metabolic assessments, plasma free insulin concentrations, plasma glucagon and the non‐protein respiratory quotient remained unaffected by the insulin pulsing. However, glucose tolerance deteriorated significantly (maximal glucose concentration 120 min after glucose load was 10.0 mmol l−1 before and 13.9 mmol l−1 after insulin pulsing. P < 0.01).In conclusion, the pattern of insulin pulsing used in this study did not ameliorate oral glucose homeostasis in well‐controlled Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients.
Effect of xamoterol on exercise capacity and left ventricular function in angina pectoris and in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: BOSTRÖM P.‐A. , JOHANSSON B. W. , LECEROF H. , LILJA B. , TORP A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Boström P‐Å, Johansson BW, Lecerof H, Lilja B, Torp A. (Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology and Department of Clinical Physiology, Lund University, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.) Effect of xamoterol on exercise capacity and left ventricular function in angina pectoris and in dilated cardiomyopathy.The present study evaluates the effect of the β1 partial agonist xamoterol in patients with coronary artery disease compared to the effect in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Nineteen patients with angina pectoris and nine patients with dilated cardiomyopathy received xamoterol 200 mg b.i.d. for 4 weeks in a placebo‐controlled double‐blind study. The effect was evaluated with a standardized exercise test and radionuclide angiocardiography with determination of global and regional ejection fraction. At rest xamoterol caused no significant changes among the angina patients while global and regional ejection fraction increased among the cardiomyopathy patients. During exercise, when the drug exerts a β1‐antagonist effect, xamoterol increased the exercise performance among the angina pectoris patients. Fourteen out of 19 patients with angina pectoris were unable to increase their ejection fraction from rest to work due to coronary ischaemia. These 14 patients improved their global ejection fraction during work after xamoterol treatment.
Relationships between serum triglycerides and γ‐glutamyltransferase among shift and day workers
Authors: KNUTSSON A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractKnutsson A (National Institute for Psychosocial Factors and Health, Stockholm. Sweden). Relationships between serum triglycerides and γ‐glutamyltransferase among shift and day workers.Increased levels of serum triglycerides in shift workers have been reported in two population‐based studies. In order to examine this relationship and to take some common confounding factors into account this cross‐sectional study of 562 shift and day workers was carried out. The shift workers had significantly higher levels of serum triglycerides. γ‐glutamyltransferase and total cholesterol, and Body Mass Index did not differ between the groups.The cause of increased serum concentrations of triglycerides is unclear. The present study provides no evidence to support the assumption that alcohol drinking or obesity accounts for increased levels of serum triglycerides in shift workers.
Monitoring kidney function in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: GROTH S. , PETERSEN C. , DIRKSEN A. , PARVING H.‐H. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Groth S, Petersen C, Dirksen A, Parving H.‐H (Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital and Rigshospitalet, Hvidøre Hospital, Copenhagen. Denmark). Monitoring kidney function in diabetic nephropathy.We investigated the validity of a one plasma sample method (I) compared with a multiple plasma sample method (II) for routine clinical determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 35 insulin‐dependent diabetic patients suffering from nephropathy. GFR was measured after an intravenous bolus injection of 100 μCi 51Cr‐EDTA by determination of plasma radioactivity in venous blood samples taken from the other arm 180, 200, 220 and 240 min after the injection (II). The plasma radioactivity in the sample drawn 240 min after injection was used in method I. During the mean investigation period of 32 months (12–62 months) a total of 184 GFR determinations were performed. The average interval between the GFR measurements was 6 months (1–21 months). In 127/184 of the study intervals method I indicated a decrease in GFR. The corresponding figure for method II was almost identical, 130/184. The mean decline in GFR was 8.1 ± 7.2 and 7.8 ± 6.9 ml year−1 1.73 m−2 using methods I and II, respectively (NS). The methods essentially provided the same GFR values in absolute terms (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). We conclude that the one plasma sample method can be used as a valid routine technique in non‐uraemic patients with nephropathy.
Iron deficiency: does it matter?
Authors: DALLMAN P. R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDallman PR (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California‐San Francisco, CA 94143, USA). Iron deficiency: does it matter?Iron deficiency causes different abnormalities in the three major population groups that are at risk. In pregnant women, epidemiological studies suggest that anaemia, presumably due mainly to iron deficiency, is associated with an increased risk of low birth weight, prematurity, and perinatal mortality. In iron‐deficient infants and children, there is convincing evidence of impaired psychomotor development and cognitive performance. Finally, iron‐deficient women during the childbearing years (and iron‐deficient men) have a decreased work capacity and less efficient response to exercise. These symptoms provide ample justification for preventing and treating a common and easily correctable nutritional disorder.
Rectal potential differences in irritable bowel syndrome and in inflammatory bowel diseases in man
Authors: PIENKOWSKI P. , FIORAMONTI J. , FREXINOS J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Pienkowski P, Fioramonti J, Frexinos J (Service de Nutrition et de Gastroentérologie, CHU Rangueil et INRA Département de Pharmacologie. Toulouse, France). Rectal potential difference in irritable bowel syndrome and in inflammatory bowel diseases in man.We have studied rectal potential difference (pd) in 200 subjects: 30 healthy volunteers or control patients, 46 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and painless diarrhoea (group I), 60 IBS patients without diarrhoea (group II) and 64 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with (group III, n = 41) or without (group IV, n = 23) rectal involvement. Pd measurement used a rectal perfused probe and a subcutaneous needle both connected, via agar‐KCl bridges, to calomel electrodes and a millivoltmeter. Statistical analysis used Student's t‐test for paired and unpaired data and Mann‐Whitney U‐test as appropriate. Mean rectal pd values were, respectively, −43.5 ± 8.7 mV in control group, −32.9 ± 10.2 mV in IBS‐group I patients (P < 0.001), −41.3 ± 12 mV in IBS‐group II patients (NS), −21.4 ± 14.1 mV in IBD patients with rectal involvement (P < 0.001), and −45.1 ± 14.3 mV in IBD‐group IV patients (NS). A histological examination was performed in 36 IBS patients; mean rectal pd was significantly decreased in patients showing abnormal patterns (n = 27, pd = −31.8 ± 9 mV) compared to patients with normal mucosa (n = 9, pd = −41.1 ± 6.5 mV; P < 0.01). These results show that:
(1) potential difference is significantly decreased in patients with ulcerative and rectal involvement; (2) in patients with Crohn's disease, normal rectal pd values do not assess the appearance of colonic mucosa above; (3) patients with IBS and diarrhoea also present a significant diminution in mean rectal pd.
Although the mechanisms involved remain unclear, rectal pd measurement appears to be an objective test for intestinal mucosae weakness in functional or inflammatory diseases of the large intestine and rectum.
Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia: results of a combined oral treatment in 34 newly diagnosed patients
Authors: PETRUCCI M. T. , AVVISATI G. , TRIBALTO M. , GIOVANGROSSI P. , MANDELLI F. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Petrucci MT, Awisati G, Tribalto M, Giovangrossi P, Mandelli F. (Section of Hematology, Department of Human Biopathology, University ‘La Sapienza’ and Division of Hematology, S. Eugenio Hospital, University ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy). Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia: results of a combined oral treatment in 34 newly diagnosed patients.From February 1978 to September 1987, 34 patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) were treated using an oral combination consisting of melphalan (6 mg m, days−2 1–7) cyclophosphamide (125 mg m−2, days 1–7) and prednisone (40 mg m−2, days 1–7). Courses were repeated every 4–6 weeks for a total of 12 courses. After the completion of 12 courses, responding patients received continuous treatment with chlorambucil (3 mg m−2 d−1) and prednisone (6 mg m−2 d−1) until relapse.Following the induction, 23 of 31 evaluated patients (74%) have responded to induction therapy of whom eight (26% of the 31 evaluated patients) achieved complete remission defined as disappearance of all clinical and laboratory features characteristic of WM. The overall median response duration, as of December 1988, has not yet been reached, while the overall median event‐free survival duration for the entire population and for responding patients is 66 months in both groups. However, in responding patients the event‐free survival duration after 66 months reaches a plateau. Toxicity was limited to transient nausea and vomiting (grade 2 according to WHO).In conclusion, this study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of an oral polychemotherapeutic treatment in the management of Waldenström's disease.
A double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of the efficacy and tolerability of ebastine against hayfever in general practice patients
Authors: ANKIER S. I. , WARRINGTON S. J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Ankier SI, Warrington SJ (Charterhouse Clinical Research Unit Ltd., ‘Boundary House’, 91–93 Charterhouse Street, London EC1M 6HR, UK). A double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of the efficacy and tolerability of ebastine against hayfever in general practice patients. Journal of Internal Medicine 1989; 226: 453–58Ebastine is an H1 antihistamine. Using a double‐blind, parallel group randomized study design, the efficacy and the tolerability of oral ebastine (10 mg daily escalating to 40 mg daily according to clinical need) was compared over 4 weeks during 1986 with matching placebo in 40 general practice patients suffering from hayfever. Ebastine (19 patients) was more effective (P < 0.05) than placebo (21 patients) against symptoms of running nose, itching nose, sneezing and blocked nose. Ebastine was superior to placebo in respect of the total symptom score as well as when judged by the investigators’ and the patients’ opinion of overall efficacy. Ebastine caused few adverse events, none of which resulted in a patient being withdrawn from treatment. Significantly more patients were withdrawn because of inefficacy from the placebo (n = 12) than from the ebastine (n = 3) treatment group (P < 0.02). It is concluded that ebastine (10–40 mg daily) is an effective and well tolerated treatment for hayfever.
Recombinant Adenovirus Delivery of Calreticulin–ESAT‐6 Produces an Antigen‐Specific Immune Response but no Protection Against a Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Challenge
Authors: Esparza‐González S. C. , Troy A. , Troudt J. , Loera‐Arias M. J. , Villatoro‐Hernández J. , Torres‐López E. , Ancer‐Rodríguez J. , Gutiérrez‐Puente Y. , Muñoz‐Maldonado G. , Saucedo‐Cárdenas O. , Montes‐de‐Oca‐Luna R. , Izzo A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) has failed to efficaciously control the worldwide spread of the disease. New vaccine development targets virulence antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are deleted in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Immunization with ESAT‐6 and CFP10 provides protection against M. tuberculosis in a murine infection model. Further, previous studies have shown that calreticulin increases the cell‐mediated immune responses to antigens. Therefore, to test whether calreticulin enhances the immune response against M. tuberculosis antigens, we fused ESAT‐6 to calreticulin and constructed a recombinant replication‐deficient adenovirus to express the resulting fusion protein (AdCRT–ESAT‐6). The adjuvant effect of calreticulin was assayed by measuring cytokine responses specific to ESAT‐6. Recombinant adenovirus expressing the fusion protein produced higher levels of interferon‐γ and tumour necrosis factor‐α in response to ESAT‐6. This immune response was not improved by the addition of CFP‐10 to the CRT‐ESAT‐6 fusion protein (AdCRT–ESAT‐6–CFP10). Mice immunized with these recombinant adenoviruses did not decrease the mycobacterial burden after low‐dose aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis. We conclude that calreticulin can be used as an adjuvant to enhance the immune response against mycobacterial antigens, but it is not enough to protect against tuberculosis.
Long‐term outcome after acute renal replacement therapy: a narrative review
Authors: RIMES‐STIGARE C. , AWAD A. , MÅRTENSSON J. , MARTLING C.‐R. , BELL M. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) necessitating renal replacement therapy (RRT) is associated with high short‐term mortality, relatively little however is known of the long‐term outcome in these patients. This narrative review describes renal recovery, long‐term mortality, and quality of life in RRT patients with acute kidney injury.MethodsA literature search using the PubMed search engine from the year 2000 to present with the MeSH terms 1) acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy, prognosis, and 2) acute kidney injury, quality of life, prognosis, was performed, including studies addressing long‐term outcome (over 60 days) in adults with AKI on RRT.ResultsAccording to inclusion criteria, twenty two studies were eligible. Outcome varied depending on AKI aetiology, setting, co‐morbidity and pre‐morbid renal function. Five‐year‐survival was between 15% and 35%, with dialysis dependence in less than 10% of survivors. Renal recovery, even if incomplete occurred during the first year. Quality of life assessment amongst survivors indicated moderate physical impairment and reduced mental health scores. A majority of patients returned to employment and self‐sustainability and reported acceptable to good quality of life. Over 90% of patients indicated that they would undergo the same treatment again.Discussion and ConclusionsEarly initiation of treatment and fine‐tuning of the RRT technique may improve outcome. Consensus regarding AKI definitions, renal function measurement and standardised follow‐up regimens are required. Further long‐term studies are needed.
The severity of sevoflurane‐induced malignant hyperthermia
Authors: MIGITA T. , MUKAIDA K. , KOBAYASHI M. , HAMADA H. , KAWAMOTO M. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundMalignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially fatal complication of general anesthesia triggered by volatile anesthetics. In animal studies, sevoflurane has been reported to be a weak triggering agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical severity of sevoflurane‐induced MH compared to isoflurane.MethodsFrom the Japanese MH database containing information for 520 MH cases since 1961, we analyzed 147 cases classified by the MH Clinical Grading Scale (CGS) as ‘very likely’ or ‘almost certain’, accumulated from 1990 to 2009. Sevoflurane without succinylcholine (S‐SCh (‐) group) was given to 48 cases, and isoflurane without succinylcholine (I‐SCh (‐) group) was given to 30. Variables studied were outcome, CGS score, CGS rank, the first MH sign, and time from induction to onset of MH (occurrence time). Clinical signs and maximum laboratory data from six processes of the CGS were also analyzed. Each of the Mann–Whitney U‐test or the unpaired t‐test was used for group comparisons.ResultsMortality was 8.3% in the S‐SCh (‐) group and 10.0% in the I‐SCh (‐) group (P = 0.803). The CGS scores were 53.4 (SD, 12.2) and 52.3 (11.7) (P = 0.691), respectively. The five processes of the CGS did not differ between groups. Median occurrence times were 72.5 minutes (range, 36.3–127.5) and 65.0 minutes (30.0–131.3), respectively (P = 0.890).ConclusionThere were no clinically apparent differences between MH triggered by sevoflurane and isoflurane, and thus no evidence to support the postulate that sevoflurane is a weak or weaker MH triggering agent.
Alkaline phosphatase as an early marker of hemolysis in newborns
Authors: Nalbantoğlu Ayşin , Ovalı Fahri , Nalbantoğlu Burçin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:  Early diagnosis and appropriate management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are very important in order to prevent bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus. Several diagnostic tests may be used for this purpose, including bilirubin level itself. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is an intracellular enzyme found abundantly in red blood cells, could be used for the early diagnosis and prediction of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns.Methods:  A total of 100 babies were evaluated, starting from the sixth hour after birth, and serum ALP and bilirubin levels were analyzed.Results:  ALP levels were significantly higher in babies requiring therapy such as phototherapy or exchange transfusion (247.01 ± 67.44 IU/L vs 154.25 ± 56.07 IU/L). ALP levels rose significantly with rising total bilirubin level.Conclusion:  ALP levels at the sixth hour of life may be a significant predictor of developing hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia requiring treatment.
What is the evidence for the management of urethral amyloidosis? A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Mangera Altaf , Linton Kate D. , Fernando Malee , Channer Judy , Chapple Christopher R. 
Published: October 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Urethral amyloidosis is rare and urethrotomy has been proposed as a suitable treatment option.By reviewing the literature and comparing our own experiences, we have shown urethroplasty to have good medium term outcomes in patients with urethral amyloidosis, whereas urethrotomy may lead to recurrence.OBJECTIVE
Urethral amyloidosis (UA) is a rare condition which may be encountered by an urological surgeon. We reviewed the literature regarding the presentation, investigation and management of UA.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A systematic review of the English literature on PubMed was conducted and we indentified 39 articles which reported 45 patients. We included our experience with four patients from our tertiary centre.
RESULTS
The majority of patients reported symptoms consistent with a urethral structure. Most patients were treated with urethrotomy, only two patients have been reported to have had a urethroplasty in the literature. Medium and long term outcome data is lacking for urethrotomy and urethroplasty. We found recurrence in our patients after urethromoty and incomplete resection of UA. We describe short (6 month) and medium term (18 month) outcomes in two patients who underwent augmentation urethroplasty.
CONCLUSION
Although urethrotomy and dilatation have been proposed in the past, we found these may still lead to disease progression and therefore urethroplasty may be the most appropriate long term management option.
The Sacrifice of Silence: Fear and Trembling and the Secret of Faith
Authors: PODMORE SIMON D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article examines the important hermeneutical and theological relation between silence and sacrifice in Søren Kierkegaard's (1813–55) divisively enigmatic Fear and Trembling. I contend that this relation becomes clearest when the silence of Abraham is explicated in relation to his esoteric proclamation that ‘God himself will provide a lamb for the burnt offering’. In Abraham's reply to Isaac, the secret of Abraham's faith is concomitantly revealed (as a trust in the notion that ‘with God all things are possible’) and concealed (as a paradoxically ‘impossible’ possibility which cannot be adequately conveyed to ‘the other’). This thereby proposes a qualitative distinction between Abraham's reverent silence before God and his aporetic silence before the other.
Love from Afar: Distance, Intimacy and the Theology of Love
Authors: SAARINEN RISTO 
Published: October 2011

AbstractProceeding from Jean‐Luc Marion's The Erotic Phenomenon, this article discusses how the Christian concept of love can manifest intimacy. While most theological concepts of love spell out the requirement of distance, they do not pay sufficient attention to the intimate variants of love. The article argues that a full‐fledged theological account should make room for love's different economic and donative variants, as well as for love's advance from ‘distance’ to ‘visibility’ and, finally, ‘intimacy’. Concrete examples of intimate love include mystical union, transforming hospitality, fidelity and love that is as strong as death.