bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Novel Diphenyl Oxalamide and Diphenyl Acetamide Derivatives as Anticonvulsants
Authors: Nikalje Anna Pratima G. , Ghodke Mangesh , Girbane Amol 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA series of novel N1‐substituted‐N2,N2‐diphenyl oxalamides 3a–l were synthesized in good yield by stirring diphenylcarbamoyl formyl chloride (2) and various substituted aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, heterocyclic amines in DMF and K2CO3. Also 2‐substituted amino‐N,N‐diphenylacetamides 5a–m were designed by pharmacophore generation and synthesized by stirring 2‐chloro‐N,N‐diphenylacetamide (4) and various substituted amines in acetone using triethyl amine as a catalyst. All the synthesized compounds were screened for anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mice by MES and ScPTZ induced seizure tests. Neurotoxicity screening and behavioral testing was also carried out. Some of the synthesized test compounds were found to be more potent than the standard drug.
Microchimerism in the rheumatoid nodules of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chan William F. N. , Atkins Christopher J. , Naysmith David , van der Westhuizen Nicholas , Woo Janet , Nelson J. Lee 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe rheumatoid nodule is a lesion commonly found on extraarticular areas prone to mechanic trauma. When present with inflammatory symmetric polyarthritis, it is pathognomonic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease in which naturally acquired microchimerism has previously been described and can sometimes contribute to RA risk. Since RA patients harbor microchimerism in the blood, we hypothesized that microchimerism is also present in rheumatoid nodules and could play a role in rheumatoid nodule formation. This study was undertaken to investigate rheumatoid nodules for microchimerism.MethodsRheumatoid nodules were tested for microchimerism by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The rheumatoid nodules of 29 female patients were tested for a Y chromosome–specific sequence. After HLA genotyping of patients and family members, rheumatoid nodules from 1 man and 14 women were tested by HLA‐specific qPCR, targeting a nonshared HLA allele of the potential microchimerism source. Results were expressed as genome equivalents of microchimeric cells per 105 patient genome equivalents (GE/105).ResultsRheumatoid nodules from 21% of the female patients contained male DNA (range <0.5, 10.3 GE/105). By HLA‐specific qPCR, 60% of patients were microchimeric (range 0, 18.5 GE/105). Combined microchimerism prevalence was 47%. A fetal or maternal source was identified in all patients who tested positive by HLA‐specific qPCR. Unexpectedly, a few rheumatoid nodules also contained microchimerism without evidence of a fetal or maternal source, suggesting alternative sources.ConclusionOur findings indicate that microchimerism is frequently present in the rheumatoid nodules of RA patients. Since microchimerism is genetically disparate, whether microchimerism in rheumatoid nodules serves as an allogeneic stimulus or allogeneic target warrants further investigation.
Preferential transmission of genetic risk variants of candidate loci at 6p21 from asymptomatic grandparents to mothers of children with neonatal lupus
Authors: Saxena Amit , McDonnell Erin , Ramos Paula S. , Sajuthi Satria , Marion Miranda C. , Langefeld Carl D. , Buyon Jill P. , Clancy Robert M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveNeonatal lupus (NL) occurs in fetuses exposed to maternal anti‐SSA/Ro and/or anti‐SSB/La antibodies, although the mothers themselves may not manifest any clinical disease. A focus on transmission of risk factors for NL from maternal grandparents to mothers of children with NL may yield dividends toward understanding the aggregation of autoantibodies and genetic factors in affected families. This study was perforned to determine the role of maternal grandparents in the development of the autoimmune phenotype of mothers of children with NL.MethodsFifty‐one mothers of children with cardiac and/or cutaneous NL, 48 maternal grandmothers, and 35 maternal grandfathers in the Research Registry for Neonatal Lupus were interrogated for clinical symptoms by questionnaire and underwent laboratory assessments, including determination of anti‐SSA/Ro and anti‐SSB/La antibody status (by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) and genotype at rs1800629 (TNFα) and rs7775397 (C6orf10) (allelic discrimination). The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was computed to test for nonrandom transmission from maternal grandparents to mothers of children with NL.ResultsThe common phenotypic feature in mothers of children with NL was the autoantibody and not the clinical profile; 7 had lupus, 14 had Sjögren's syndrome, 7 had both, and 23 were asymptomatic. Mothers of children with NL were significantly enriched for the risk alleles at both TNFα and C6orf10. The grandparents of children with NL carried minimal burden for autoimmune disease or abnormal antibody production and were not enriched in the genetic risk factors. However, the TDT analysis showed significant excess transmission of the risk alleles at both TNFα (odds ratio [OR] 6.67, P = 3.93 × 10−4) and C6orf10 (OR 35.0, P = 3.74 × 10−5) to mothers of children with NL.ConclusionMothers of children with NL are enriched for the TNFα and C6orf10 risk alleles, which are preferentially inherited from the asymptomatic maternal grandparents. These findings support the hypothesis that the development of NL and genetic etiology are multigenerational.
Hierarchy of risk of childhood‐onset rheumatoid arthritis conferred by HLA–DRB1 alleles encoding the shared epitope
Authors: Prahalad Sampath , Thompson Susan D. , Conneely Karen N. , Jiang Yunxuan , Leong Traci , Prozonic Jennifer , Brown Milton R. , Ponder Lori A. , Angeles‐Han Sheila T. , Vogler Larry B. , Kennedy Christine , Wallace Carol A. , Wise Carol A. , Punaro Marilynn , Reed Ann , Park Jane L. , Mellins Elizabeth D. , Zeft Andrew S. , Bohnsack John F. , Glass David N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveAssociations between shared epitope (SE)–encoding HLA–DRB1 alleles and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are well established. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated these alleles in patients with childhood‐onset RA, which is defined as rheumatoid factor– and/or anti–citrullinated protein antibody–positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The aims of this study were to investigate the largest cohort of patients with childhood‐onset RA for association with SE alleles and to determine whether there is a hierarchy of risk based on the amino acid sequence of the SE.MethodsHigh‐resolution HLA–DRB1 genotypes were obtained for 204 patients with childhood‐onset RA and 373 healthy control subjects. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for different SE‐encoding HLA–DRB1 alleles. In addition, genotype ORs were calculated for combinations of SE alleles classified into S2, S3P, or L alleles, based on amino acid sequences in position 70–74 of the DRβ1 chain, as proposed by Tezenas du Montcel et al.ResultsWe confirmed associations between HLA–DRB1 SE alleles and childhood‐onset RA (76% of patients carried 1 or 2 SE alleles compared with 46% of control subjects; OR 3.81, 95% CI 2.4–6.0, P < 1 × 10−7). We also observed associations between individual SE alleles (HLA–DRB1*0101, *0401, *0404, *0405, *0408, and *1001) and childhood‐onset RA. Genotype‐specific risk estimates suggested a hierarchy of risk, with the highest risk among individuals heterozygous for S2/S3P (OR 22.3, 95% CI 9.9–50.5, P < 0.0001).ConclusionWe confirm the association between SE‐encoding HLA–DRB1 alleles and susceptibility to childhood‐onset RA. The excess risk conferred by carriage of the combination of S2 and S3P risk alleles suggests that children with DRβ1 chains containing the KRAA and QRRAA or RRRAA sequences are especially susceptible to RA.
Hydrogen‐Bonding‐Induced Chirality Organization and Stabilization of Redox Species of Polyaniline‐Unit Molecules by Introduction of Amino Acid Pendant Groups
Authors: Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Ohmura Satoshi D. , Morita Kenji , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe chirality organization of polyaniline‐unit molecules was achieved by the introduction of amino acid pendant groups through intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which plays an important role in the stabilization of the chirality‐organized redox species. Another interesting feature of the synthesized polyaniline‐unit molecules is the luminescent switching properties based on the redox states of the phenylenediamine moiety.
5‐(Pyren‐1‐yl)uracil as a Base‐Discriminating Fluorescent Nucleobase in Pyrrolidinyl Peptide Nucleic Acids
Authors: Boonlua Chalothorn , Vilaivan Chotima , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim , Vilaivan Tirayut 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA pyrene‐labeled uridine (UPy) monomer for a pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid with an alternating proline/2‐aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid backbone (acpcPNA) was synthesized and incorporated into the PNA. The UPy base in acpcPNA could specifically recognize the base A in its complementary DNA strand as determined by thermal denaturation (Tm) experiments. The fluorescence of the UPy‐containing single‐stranded acpcPNA was very weak in aqueous buffer. In the presence of a complementary DNA target, the fluorescence was enhanced significantly (2.7–41.9 folds, depending on sequences). The fluorescence enhancement was specific to the pairing between UPy and dA, making the UPy‐modified acpcPNA useful as a hybridization‐responsive fluorescence probe for DNA‐sequence determination.
Biocompatibility of amorphous silica nanoparticles: Size and charge effect on vascular function, in vitro
Authors: Akbar Naveed , Mohamed Teba , Whitehead Debra , Azzawi May 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSynthetic amorphous silica is gaining popularity as the material of choice in the fabrication of nanoparticles for use in imaging diagnostics, medical therapeutics, and tissue engineering because of its biocompatible nature. However, recent evidence suggests that silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) show a concentration‐ and size‐dependent toxic effect that is cell specific. We investigated the direct influence of SiNP uptake on the vasodilator responses of rat aortic vessels, in vitro, using fabricated SiNPs of defined size (97 ± 7.60 and 197 ± 7.50 nm) and charge (positive and nonmodified). Dilator responses to cumulative doses of endothelial‐dependent [acetylcholine (Ach); 0.01 µM–1.0 mM] and endothelial‐independent (sodium nitroprusside; 0.01–10 µM) agonists were determined before and 30 Min after incubation in SiNPs (at 1.1 × 1011 nanoparticles/mL). Acute exposure to SiNPs led to their rapid uptake by the lining endothelial cells (as verified by transmission electron microscopy). SiNP uptake had no significant influence on dilator responses, although a greater degree of attenuation was evident after uptake of the 100 nm and positively charged SiNPs (significant at the highest 1.0 mM Ach concentration between positive and nonmodified 200 nm SiNPs; P < 0.05). In summary, our findings suggest that SiNP surface interactions, rather than mass, affect vasodilator function of aortic vessels.
Differential magnetic field effects on heart rate and nociception in anosmic pigeons
Authors: Del Seppia Cristina , Mencacci Resi , Luschi Paolo , Varanini Maurizio , Ghione Sergio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that exposure to altered magnetic fields affects nociception by suppressing stress‐induced hypoalgesia, and that this effect is reduced or abolished if the treatment is performed in the absence of light. This raises the question as to whether other sources of sensory stimuli may also modulate these magnetic effects. We investigated the possible role of olfaction in the magnetically induced effects on sensitivity to nociceptive stimuli and heart rate (HR) in restraint‐stressed homing pigeons exposed to an Earth‐strength, irregularly varying (<1 Hz) magnetic field. The magnetic treatment decreased the nociceptive threshold in normally smelling birds and an opposite effect was observed in birds made anosmic by nostril plugging. Conversely, no differential effect of olfactory deprivation was observed on HR, which was reduced by the magnetic treatment both in smelling and anosmic pigeons. The findings highlight an important role of olfactory environmental information in the mediation of magnetic effects on nociception, although the data cannot be interpreted unambiguously because of the lack of an additional control group of olfactory‐deprived, non‐magnetically exposed pigeons. The differential effects on a pigeon's sensitivity to nociceptive stimulus and HR additionally indicate that the magnetic stimuli affect nociception and the cardiovascular system in different ways. Bioelectromagnetics 33:309–319, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term follow‐up of polytetrafluoroethylene‐covered stents implanted during percutaneous coronary intervention for management of acute coronary perforation
Authors: Copeland Kevin A. , Hopkins James T. , Weintraub William S. , Rahman Ehsanur 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective: To determine the long‐term outcomes for patients receiving polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐covered stents as definitive therapy, in our institution, for the management of acute coronary perforation. Background: Coronary perforation as a complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Management options included observation only or a combination of several or all of these approaches: reversal of anticoagulation, prolonged balloon inflation, deployment of a standard stent, emergent cardiac surgery, or insertion of a PTFE‐covered stent. Methods: With our IRB approval, records of 12,093 consecutive patients who received PCI during a 5‐year period from January 2002 to December 2006 were reviewed and 50 patients who had coronary perforation as a complication of PCI were identified. Results: Of the 21 patients who received a PTFE‐covered stent to manage coronary perforation, one died secondary to acute thrombosis within the PTFE‐covered stent in the first 24 hrs and one required emergent cardiac surgery due to continued contrast extravasation despite PTFE‐covered stent deployment. The other 19 patients were followed long term (mean 55 months) and only one survivor had a potentially life‐threatening outcome (subacute stent thrombosis) over that time period. Conclusion: Utilization of a PTFE‐covered stent may be a reasonable short‐ and long‐term option to manage acute coronary perforation that occurs during PCI. On the basis of this limited experience, successful PTFE‐covered stent deployment as the conclusive treatment for coronary perforation is associated with a favorable long‐term event‐free survival rate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term clinical outcomes in patients treated with drug‐eluting compared to bare‐metal stents for the treatment of transplant coronary artery disease
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Yang Tae , Kandzari David , Mahmud Ehtisham , Liao Hsini , Kirtane Ajay 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective: We aimed to compare the long‐term clinical outcomes of first‐vessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐eluting stents (DES) and bare metal stents (BMS) for the treatment of transplant coronary artery disease (TCAD). Background: TCAD is the leading cause of late death in orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) recipients. PCI is associated with worse clinical outcomes compared with non‐OHT patients. Our institution previously reported superior angiographic outcomes with DES compared with BMS in OHT patients. However, long‐term clinical outcomes comparing PCI with DES versus BMS are lacking. Methods: The data on 105 OHT recipients who underwent first‐vessel PCI with DES (n = 58) or BMS (n = 47) at UCLA Medical Center between 1995 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Five‐year clinical outcomes were not significantly different with DES and BMS in terms of the composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or target vessel revascularization (TVR) [(40.8 ± 7.2)% vs. (59.6 ± 7.2)%, log‐rank P = 0.33], death [(31.8 ± 7.8)% vs. (40.4 ± 7.2)%, log‐rank P = 0.46], MI [(12.2 ± 6.2)% vs. (11.3 ± 5.4)%, log rank P = 0.98], TVR [(25.5 ± 6.9)% vs. (26.5 ± 7.3)%, log rank P = 0.76], and time to repeat OHT [(2.27 ± 1.79) vs. (3.22 ± 3.34), P = 0.98]. Conclusions: At long‐term follow‐up, PCI with DES and BMS provided similar clinical outcomes in OHT. Long‐term mortality remains high in OHT recipients after PCI with either DES or BMS. Randomized clinical trials are required to determine the optimal treatment strategy for OHT recipients with TCAD. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of Hierarchical Porous Silica with a Stable Large Porosity for β‐Galactosidase Immobilization
Authors: Bernal Claudia , Sierra Ligia , Mesa Monica 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHierarchical porous silica, particles or monoliths, were synthesized by polycondensation of sodium silicate in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and ethyl acetate at different concentrations under hydrothermal conditions. They were used as the support for the immobilization of β‐galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis by adsorption. The enzyme loading capacity (higher than 50 mg g−1 support) and the retention ability (lixiviation less than 20 % after 72 h of catalysis) of these supports were explained as a function of the hierarchical porosity, mesopore sizes of 10–40 nm, and macropore sizes of 0.07–20 μm and the presence of ionized silanol groups on the surface. The optimum pH value and temperature for the maximum activity of the obtained hybrid biocatalyst were evaluated, indicating that the three‐dimensional structure of the lactase was not significantly affected during the immobilization process. The stability under extreme conditions was improved in comparison with soluble lactase. The porous supports exhibited morphological and porous stability under the immobilization and catalytic processes. These results show that the obtained materials are good candidates for the immobilization of large enzymes, such as β‐galactosidase.
Modeling of Aniline Removal by Reverse Osmosis Using Different Membranes
Authors: Hidalgo A. M. , León G. , Gómez M. , Murcia M. D. , Gómez E. , Gómez J. L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe behavior of different reverse osmosis membranes, namely, HR98PP, SEPA‐MS05, and DESAL‐3B, was compared with the one predicted by a solution‐diffusion model. This model assumes that the membrane has a homogeneous, nonporous surface layer and uses two main parameters, permeate concentration Cp and volumetric permeate flux Qp, to characterize the membrane system. In order to calculate these parameters, the theoretical values of water and solute permeability constants, Aw and Bs, and the osmotic pressure coefficient, Ψ, were initially determined. Using the software Sigma Plot V 10.0, accurate values of Ψ, Qp, and Cp were only obtained for the DESAL‐3B membrane, i.e., the selected solution‐diffusion model can be applied to this membrane.
Photocatalytic Discoloration of Dyes: Relation between Effect of Operating Parameters and Dye Structure
Authors: Camarillo R. , Rincón J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe process of TiO2/UV photocatalytic discoloration of wastewaters containing organic dyes is influenced by a number of variables. In this paper, the effects of some of these parameters, i.e., mass of catalyst, initial dye concentration, and pH, were related to the structural nature of the dyes investigated, azo and anthraquinone dyes, two families that are representative of about 75 % of the dyes marketed nowadays. Both bibliographical and own experimental data were used to analyze and discuss the photocatalytic discoloration in terms of dye structure and degradation pathways. It is shown that azo dyes (Methyl Orange, Metanil Yellow, Acid Orange 7, and Reactive Red 120) are more easily discolored than Reactive Blue 19 (anthraquinone dye), due to the higher molecular stability of the latter. It is also shown that azo dye discoloration is more influenced by the initial dye concentration, whereas recalcitrant anthraquinone dyes (Reactive Blue 19) mainly demand for basic pH values to generate enough OH• radicals. Concerning TiO2 loading, both the bibliographical and current research data showed no effect of this variable in the experimental range analyzed.
Electrode Design for Soil Decontamination with Radio‐Frequency Heating
Authors: Roland U. , Holzer F. , Kraus M. , Trommler U. , Kopinke F.‐D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRadio‐frequency heating to enhance soil decontamination requires adjusted solutions for the electrode design depending on scale and remediation technique. Parallel plate electrodes provide widely homogeneous field and temperature distributions and are, therefore, most suitable for supporting biodegradation processes. For thermally enhanced soil vapor extraction, certain temperature gradients can be accepted and, therefore, the less‐demanding geometry of rod‐shaped electrodes is usually applied. For electrode lengths of some meters, a design with an air gap has to be used in order to focus heating to the desired depth. Perforated rod electrodes may be simultaneously employed as extraction wells. Placing an oxidation catalyst in situ within the electrodes is an option for handling of highly loaded air flows. Coaxial antenna may be utilized to selectively heat soil compartments far from the surface of the soil.
Effectiveness of Polyoxyethylene Nonionic Emulsifiers in Emulsification Processes Using Disc Systems
Authors: Petersen S. , Ulrich J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAdditives such as emulsifiers and stabilizers (viscosity enhancers or polymers) are needed to stabilize emulsion systems against coalescence and creaming. A way to reduce emulsifier input by determining the effectiveness of different emulsifiers is described. Only disc systems with optimized configuration are applied for emulsification. Polysorbates are taken as an example for emulsifiers. The viscosity was increased with pectin as a viscosity enhancer to allow higher energy inputs by the disc systems and, therefore, to improve droplet disruption. The attainable mean diameters of oil droplets stabilized only by pectin were compared with the resulting mean diameters of oil droplets of emulsions containing polysorbates. Polysorbate 20, the emulsifier with the highest water solubility of all here described emulsifiers, proved to be the most effective in decreasing the mean diameter of the disperse phase when using disc systems. An optimal emulsifier concentration of 2 wt‐% for emulsions at low viscosities is observed for all polysorbates and for the whole range of oil concentration.