bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toll‐like receptor 4 is involved in bacterial endotoxin‐induced endothelial cell injury and SOC‐mediated calcium regulation
Authors: Sun Rongju , Zhu Zhihong , Su Qin , Li Tanshi , Song Qing 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBacterial endotoxins may lead to vascular endothelial cell injury. Our study explored the role of TLR4 (Toll‐like receptor 4) and STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) in bacterial endotoxin‐induced calcium overload and inflammatory reactions in HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). It showed that under LPS (lipopolysaccharide) stimulation, LBP (LPS‐binding protein) mRNA levels peaked at 24 h, TLR4 levels at 12 h and NF‐κB (nuclear factor κB) levels at 6 h (all P<0.01). LBP levels increased gradually and peaked at 24 h of LPS treatment. TLR4 protein levels increased significantly at 1 h and peaked at 12 h. NF‐κB protein levels markedly increased at 1 h and peaked at 6 h. Knockdown of STIM1 alone, TLR4 alone or both STIM1 and TLR4 together, markedly abolished LPS‐induced increase in calcium influx into cells (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.01 respectively). LBP—TLR4 and STIM—NF‐κB interactions were detected without LPS treatment, enhanced by LPS stimulation, and markedly reduced by knocking down TLR4 and STIM respectively. Both the NF‐κB inhibitor, PDTC (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) and TLR4 knockdown could block LPS induction of NF‐κB, STIM, TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) and IL‐6 (interleukin 6). The data indicate LPS—LBP may activate TLR4 signalling and downstream transcription factor NF‐κB, which further can activate STIM1 and eventually lead to calcium influx and injury of HUVECs. Inhibition of TLR4 effectively reverses LPS induction of inflammatory mediator generation and extracellular calcium influx mediated by STIM1.
Infrared absorption by collisional H2–He complexes at temperatures up to 9000 K and frequencies from 0 to 20 000 cm−1
Authors: Abel Martin , Frommhold Lothar , Li Xiaoping , Hunt Katharine L. C. 
Published: February 2012

Quantum chemical methods have been used elsewhere to obtain the potential energy surface (PES) and the induced dipole surface (IDS) of H2–He collisional complexes at eight different H–H bond distances, fifteen atom-molecule separations, and 19 angular orientations each [X. Li, A. Mandal, E. Miliordos, and K. L. C. Hunt, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 044320 (2012)]10.1063/1.3676406. An atom-molecule state-to-state scattering formalism is employed, which couples the collisional molecular complex to the electromagnetic radiation field. In this way, we obtain theoretical collision-induced absorption (CIA) spectra of H2–He complexes for frequencies from 0 to 20 000 cm−1 and temperatures up to 9000 K. The work is based on the fundamental theory and is motivated by current research of certain astronomical objects, such as cool white dwarf stars, cool main sequence stars, M dwarfs, exoplanets, so-called “first” stars. We compare our theoretical results to existing laboratory measurements of CIA spectra; very close agreement of theory and measurement is observed. We also discuss similar previous theoretical efforts.
Exploring Mechanisms Underlying Sex‐Specific Differences in Mortality of Lake Michigan Bloaters
Authors: Bunnell David B. , Madenjian Charles P. , Rogers Mark W. , Holuszko Jeffrey D. , Begnoche Linda J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSex‐specific differences in mortality rates have been observed among freshwater and marine fish taxa, and underlying mechanisms can include sex‐specific differences in (1) age at maturity, (2) growth rate, or (3) activity or behavior during the spawning period. We used a long‐term (1973–2009) Lake Michigan data set to evaluate whether there were sex‐specific differences in catch per unit effort, mortality, age at maturity, and length at age in bloaters Coregonus hoyi. Because bloater population biomass varied 200‐fold during the years analyzed, we divided the data into three periods: (1) 1973–1982 (low biomass), (2) 1983–1997 (high biomass), and (3) 1998–2009 (low biomass). Mortality was higher for males than for females in periods 2 and 3; the average instantaneous total mortality rate (Z) over these two periods was 0.71 for males and 0.57 for females. Length at age was slightly greater (2–6%) for females than for males in different age‐classes (3–6 years) during each period. Age at maturity was earlier for males than for females in periods 1 and 2, but the mean difference was only 0.2–0.4 years. To test the hypothesis that somatic lipids declined more in males than in females during spawning (perhaps due to increased activity or reduced feeding), we estimated sex‐specific percent somatic lipids for fish sampled in 2005–2006 and 2007–2008. During 2005–2006, somatic lipids declined from prespawning to postspawning for males but were unchanged for females. During 2007–2008, however, somatic lipids were unchanged for males, whereas they increased for females. We found that sex‐specific differences in Z occurred in the Lake Michigan bloater population, but our hypotheses that sex‐specific differences in maturity and growth could explain this pattern were generally unsupported. Our hypothesis that somatic lipids in males declined during spawning at a faster rate than in females will require additional research to clarify its importance.
Experimental study of surface dielectric barrier discharge in air and its ozone production
Authors: Pekárek Stanislav 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
For surface dielectric barrier discharge in air we studied the effects of frequency of the driving voltage on dissipated power, asymmetry of amplitudes of the discharge voltage, discharge UV emission, ozone production, ozone production of the discharge with TiO2 and of the discharge in magnetic field. We found that for a particular voltage the dissipated power is higher for the frequency of the driving voltage of 26.3 kHz than for the frequency of 10.9 kHz; peak values of the positive half-periods of the discharge voltage are higher than peak values of the negative half-periods; intensity of the discharge UV emissions for wavelengths of 320–420 nm is for both frequencies a linear function of power; maximum ozone concentration for the frequency of the driving voltage of 26.3 kHz is obtained with smaller power than for the frequency of 10.9 kHz; placement of TiO2 particles into the discharge chamber increases for both frequencies of the driving voltage maximum ozone concentration produced by the discharge and for the frequency of the driving voltage of 26.3 kHz increases ozone production yield. Finally, there is no observable effect of magnetic field on concentration of ozone produced by the discharge as well as on production yield.
Influence of Supervision Ratios by Anesthesiologists on First-case Starts and Critical Portions of Anesthetics
Authors: Epstein Richard H. , Dexter Franklin 
Published: February 2012

Background
Anesthesia groups may wish to decrease the supervision ratio for nontrainee providers. Because hospitals offer many first-case starts and focus on starting these cases on time, the number of anesthesiologists needed is sensitive to this ratio. The number of operating rooms that an anesthesiologist can supervise concurrently is determined by the probability of multiple simultaneous critical portions of cases (i.e., requiring presence) and the availability of cross-coverage. A simulation study showed peak occurrence of critical portions during first cases, and frequent supervision lapses. These predictions were tested using real data from an anesthesia information management system.

Methods
The timing and duration of critical portions of cases were determined from 1 yr of data at a tertiary care hospital. The percentages of days with at least one supervision lapse occurring at supervision ratios between 1:1 and 1:3 were determined.

Results
Even at a supervision ratio of 1:2, lapses occurred on 35% of days (lower 95% confidence limit = 30%). The peak incidence occurred before 8:00 AM, P < 0.0001 for the hypothesis that most (i.e., >50%) lapses occurred before this time. The average time from operating room entry until ready for prepping and draping (i.e., anesthesia release time) during first case starts was 22.2 min (95% confidence interval 21.8-22.8 min).

Conclusions
Decreasing the supervision ratio from 1:2 to 1:3 has a large effect on supervision lapses during first-case starts. To mitigate such lapses, either staggered starts or additional anesthesiologists working at the start of the day would be required.
Phytosterols Play a Key Role in Plant Innate Immunity against Bacterial Pathogens by Regulating Nutrient Efflux into the Apoplast
Authors: Wang Keri , Senthil-Kumar Muthappa , Ryu Choong-Min , Kang Li , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Bacterial pathogens colonize a host plant by growing between the cells by utilizing the nutrients present in apoplastic space. While successful pathogens manipulate the plant cell membrane to retrieve more nutrients from the cell, the counteracting plant defense mechanism against nonhost pathogens to restrict the nutrient efflux into the apoplast is not clear. To identify the genes involved in nonhost resistance against bacterial pathogens, we developed a virus-induced gene-silencing-based fast-forward genetics screen in Nicotiana benthamiana. Silencing of N. benthamiana SQUALENE SYNTHASE, a key gene in phytosterol biosynthesis, not only compromised nonhost resistance to few pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas campestris, but also enhanced the growth of the host pathogen P. syringae pv tabaci by increasing nutrient efflux into the apoplast. An Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) sterol methyltransferase mutant (sterol methyltransferase2) involved in sterol biosynthesis also compromised plant innate immunity against bacterial pathogens. The Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 CYP710A1, which encodes C22-sterol desaturase that converts β-sitosterol to stigmasterol, was dramatically induced upon inoculation with nonhost pathogens. An Arabidopsis Atcyp710A1 null mutant compromised both nonhost and basal resistance while overexpressors of AtCYP710A1 enhanced resistance to host pathogens. Our data implicate the involvement of sterols in plant innate immunity against bacterial infections by regulating nutrient efflux into the apoplast.
POM-POM2/CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTING1 Is Essential for the Functional Association of Cellulose Synthase and Microtubules inArabidopsis
Authors: Bringmann Martin , Li Eryang , Sampathkumar Arun , Kocabek Tomas , Hauser Marie-Theres , Persson Staffan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn plants, regulation of cellulose synthesis is fundamental for morphogenesis and plant growth. Cellulose is synthesized at the plasma membrane, and the orientation of synthesis is guided by cortical microtubules; however, the guiding mechanism is currently unknown. We show that the conditional root elongation pom2 mutants are impaired in cell elongation, fertility, and microtubule-related functions. Map-based cloning of the POM-POM2 locus revealed that it is allelic to CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTING1 (CSI1). Fluorescently tagged POM2/CSI1s associated with both plasma membrane–located cellulose synthases (CESAs) and post-Golgi CESA-containing compartments. Interestingly, while CESA insertions coincided with cortical microtubules in the pom2/csi1 mutants, the microtubule-defined movement of the CESAs was significantly reduced in the mutant. We propose that POM2/CSI1 provides a scaffold between the CESAs and cortical microtubules that guide cellulose synthesis.
Regulation of the Photorespiratory GLDPA Gene in C4 Flaveria: An Intricate Interplay of Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Processes
Authors: Wiludda Christian , Schulze Stefanie , Gowik Udo , Engelmann Sascha , Koczor Maria , Streubel Monika , Bauwe Hermann , Westhoff Peter 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The mitochondrial Gly decarboxylase complex (GDC) is a key component of the photorespiratory pathway that occurs in all photosynthetically active tissues of C3 plants but is restricted to bundle sheath cells in C4 species. GDC is also required for general cellular C1 metabolism. In the Asteracean C4 species Flaveria trinervia, a single functional GLDP gene, GLDPA, encodes the P-subunit of GDC, a decarboxylating Gly dehydrogenase. GLDPA promoter reporter gene fusion studies revealed that this promoter is active in bundle sheath cells and the vasculature of transgenic Flaveria bidentis (C4) and the Brassicacean C3 species Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting the existence of an evolutionarily conserved gene regulatory system in the bundle sheath. Here, we demonstrate that GLDPA gene regulation is achieved by an intricate interplay of transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. The GLDPA promoter is composed of two tandem promoters, PR2 and PR7, that together ensure a strong bundle sheath expression. While the proximal promoter (PR7) is active in the bundle sheath and vasculature, the distal promoter (PR2) drives uniform expression in all leaf chlorenchyma cells and the vasculature. An intron in the 5′ untranslated leader of PR2-derived transcripts is inefficiently spliced and apparently suppresses the output of PR2 by eliciting RNA decay.
Beer à no‐go: learning to stop responding to alcohol cues reduces alcohol intake via reduced affective associations rather than increased response inhibition
Authors: Houben Katrijn , Havermans Remco C. , Nederkoorn Chantal , Jansen Anita 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAims  Previous research has shown that consistently not responding to alcohol‐related stimuli in a go/no‐go training procedure reduces drinking behaviour. This study aimed to examine further the mechanisms underlying this go/no‐go training effect.Design, setting and participants  Fifty‐seven heavy drinkers were assigned randomly to two training conditions: in the beer/no‐go condition, alcohol‐related stimuli were always paired with a stopping response, while in the beer/go condition participants always responded to alcohol‐related stimuli. Participants were tested individually in a laboratory at Maastricht University.Measurements  Weekly alcohol intake, implicit attitudes towards beer, approach–avoidance action tendencies towards beer and response inhibition were measured before and after the training.Findings  Results showed a significant reduction in both implicit attitudes (P = 0.03) and alcohol intake (P = 0.02) in the beer/no‐go condition, but not in the beer/go condition. There were no significant training effects on action tendencies or response inhibition.Conclusions  Repeatedly stopping pre‐potent responses towards alcohol‐related stimuli reduces excessive alcohol use via a devaluation of alcohol‐related stimuli rather than via increased inhibitory control over alcohol‐related responses.
Prevalence and correlates of alcohol use disorders in the Singapore Mental Health Survey
Authors: Subramaniam Mythily , Abdin Edimansyah , Vaingankar Janhavi , Phua Amy M. Y. , Tee Joseph , Chong Siow Ann 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAims  To establish the prevalence, correlates, comorbidity and treatment gap of alcohol use disorders in the Singapore resident population.Design  The Singapore Mental Health Study is a cross‐sectional epidemiological survey.Setting  A nationally representative survey of the resident (citizens and permanent residents) population in Singapore.Participants  A total of 6616 Singaporean adults aged 18 years and older.Measurements  The diagnoses were established using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH‐CIDI) diagnostic modules for life‐time and 12‐month prevalence of selected mental illnesses including alcohol use disorders.Findings  The life‐time prevalence of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence was 3.1% and 0.5%, while the 12‐month prevalence of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence was 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively. The life‐time and 12‐month prevalence of alcohol use disorders was 3.6% and 0.8%, respectively. Those with alcohol use disorder had significantly higher odds of having major depressive disorder [odds ratio (OR) 3.1] and nicotine dependence (OR 4.5). Compared to the rest of the population, those with an alcohol use disorder had significantly higher odds of having gastric ulcers (OR 3.0), respiratory conditions (OR 2.1) and chronic pain (OR 2.1). Only one in five of those with alcohol use disorder had ever sought treatment.Conclusions  The prevalence of alcohol use disorders is relatively low in the Singapore adult population. Comorbidity with mental and physical disorders is significant, emphasizing the need to screen people with alcohol use disorders for these comorbidities.
Health‐care service utilization in substance abusers receiving contingency management and standard care treatments
Authors: Olmstead Todd A. , Cohen Jeffrey P. , Petry Nancy M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAim  To determine the impact of standard care and contingency management treatments on the utilization of general health‐care services by substance abusers.Participants, design and measurements  This secondary analysis pooled 1028 treatment‐seeking substance abusers from five randomized clinical trials that compared the effects of standard care (SC, n = 362) to standard care plus contingency management (CM, n = 666). In each trial, subjects in the CM condition showed significantly greater reductions in substance use than their SC counterparts. For each subject, utilization of 15 general health‐care services was measured 1 year prior to treatment intake and up to 9 months following treatment intake. Post‐intake utilization data were prorated to be comparable to the 1‐year pre‐intake data. Paired t‐tests evaluated changes in service utilization pre‐ and post‐intake, and difference‐in‐differences regression models were used to estimate the impact of CM, compared to SC, on changes in the utilization of each of the 15 health services.Setting  Out‐patient community substance abuse clinics in Connecticut and Massachusetts, USA.Findings  Utilization of several types of out‐patient services increased significantly between the pre‐ and post‐intake periods [e.g. dental visits (0.47, P < 0.001), community health center visits (0.50, P < 0.001), visits to a mental health professional office (1.03, P = 0.001)], while in‐patient hospital care for mental health problems decreased significantly (−3.50 nights, P < 0.001). A substantial portion of these changes occurred during the treatment period. No significant differences were found between the two treatment conditions.Conclusions  Initiating out‐patient substance abuse treatment is associated with changes in general health‐care service utilization, independent of the type of treatment offered.
Preferences for evidence‐based practice dissemination in addiction agencies serving women: a discrete‐choice conjoint experiment
Authors: Cunningham Charles E. , Henderson Joanna , Niccols Alison , Dobbins Maureen , Sword Wendy , Chen Yvonne , Mielko Stephanie , Milligan Karen , Lipman Ellen , Thabane Lehana , Schmidt Louis 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAim  To model variables influencing the dissemination of evidence‐based practices to addiction service providers and administrators.Design  A discrete‐choice conjoint experiment. We systematically varied combinations of 16 dissemination variables that might influence the adoption of evidence‐based practices. Participants chose between sets of variables.Setting  Canadian agencies (n = 333) providing addiction services to women.Participants  Service providers and administrators (n = 1379).Measurements  We estimated the relative importance and optimal level of each dissemination variable. We used latent class analysis to identify subsets of participants with different preferences and simulated the conditions under which participants would use more demanding professional development options.Findings  Three subsets of participants were identified: outcome‐sensitive (52%), process‐sensitive (29.6%) and demand‐sensitive (18.2%). Across all participants, the number of clients who were expected to benefit from an evidence‐based practice exerted the most influence on dissemination choices. If a practice was seen as feasible, co‐worker and administrative support influenced decisions. Client benefits were most important to outcome‐sensitive participants; type of dissemination process (e.g. active versus passive learning) was more important to process‐sensitive participants. Brief options with little follow‐up were preferred by demand‐sensitive participants. Simulations predicted that initiatives selected and endorsed by government funders would reduce participation.Conclusions  Clinicians and administrators are more likely to adopt evidence‐based addiction practices if the practice is seen as helpful to clients, and if it is supported by co‐workers and program administration.
The Red clover necrotic mosaic virus capsid protein N‐terminal lysine‐rich motif is a determinant of symptomatology and virion accumulation
Authors: PARK SANG‐HO , SIT TIM L. , KIM KOOK‐HYUNG , LOMMEL STEVEN A. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThe interaction between viral capsid protein (CP) and its cognate viral RNA modulates many steps in the virus infection cycle, such as replication, translation and assembly. The N‐terminal 50 amino acids of the Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) CP are rich in basic residues (especially lysine) and are essential for the core functions of the CP, namely RNA binding and virion assembly. To further elucidate additional biological roles for these basic residues, a series of alanine substitution mutations was introduced into infectious clones of RCNMV RNA‐1 and assayed for symptomatology, virion formation and systemic infection. Infectivity assays conducted in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that all nine alanine substitution mutants (ASMs) were competent for systemic infection. Two ASMs (K4A and K7A/K8A) induced severe symptoms and delayed the systemic spread of viral genomes when compared with wild‐type RCNMV. However, these ASMs were still competent for virion formation. Three other ASMs (K25A, K33A and K38A) displayed milder symptoms and significant reductions in virion accumulation when compared with wild‐type RCNMV, but retained the ability to spread systemically. Evidence from these last three ASMs, as well as a CP null mutant, showed that RCNMV is able to move systemically in N. benthamiana as a nonvirion form. These observations reaffirm the necessity of the N‐terminal lysine‐rich residues of the RCNMV CP for efficient virion accumulation. They also reveal additional roles for the CP in the modulation of host symptomatology, independent of its role in virion assembly and the rate of systemic viral movement in N. benthamiana.