bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunosuppression and biologic agents
Authors: DICK A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To overview the contemporary therapeutic approaches to treatment of non‐infectious non‐infective ocular inflammatory disease. Treatment of non‐infectious uveitis has over past 15 years expanded from the use of traditional therapies including corticosteroids and immunosuppressants to the deployment of targetting the immune response with biologic therapies with monoclonal antibodies and immunoadhesins.Such use will be exemplified with case reports during the talk.Methods The talk will overview the evidence of effect of immunosuppressants in the treatment of uveitis, the role of predicting steroid responsiveness, the use of monotherapy with immunosuppression and finally the pathways and evidence of success of biologic therapy.Results The concommitant use of immunosuppression is an important aspect to the adequate treatment of uveitis. This ensures adequate control of inflammation whilst reducing the need for comcomitant steroids thereapy. Moreover, monotherapy is equally efficacious in the control of some forms of uveitis.Neverthless there are patients who remain refractory to therapy, and in particular treatment of sight threatening Cystoid macular oedema. The use of targetted biologic therapy has gained increasing evidence to now lead to clinical trials in the use of anti‐TNF and anti‐IL17 agentsConclusion There is now a recognised algorithm to treat aggressively and early patients with sight threatening disease. The appropriately timed use of immunosuppression and moreover increasingly earlier intervention with biologics has the promise to alter prognosis and outcome of such blinding disorders.
Optic vesicle‐like neurospheres derived from the H9 and H1 human ES cell lines
Authors: PINILLA I , WRIGHT LS , VERHOEVEN AD , WALLACE KA , CAPOWSKI EE , MEYER J , CUENCA N , GARCIA MARTIN E , GAMM DM 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To compare cell fate and differentiation potential of retinal cultures derived from two commonly used human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines over time.Methods H1 and H9 hESC lines of similar passage were differentiated toward a retinal lineage using a previously published protocol. Highly enriched populations of optic vesicle (OV) stage retinal progenitors from each line were manually separated and allowed to differentiate for up to an additional 120 days. The sequence and timing of expression of markers indicative of retinal development were determined via RT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry.Results A greater number of OV‐like neurospheres were obtained from H1 hESCs than H9 hESCs at day 20 of differentiation. By contrast, the appearance of pigmented RPE within OV‐like neurospheres occurred earlier and more frequently in H9 cultures. However, beginning at approximately day 50 of differentiation and throughout the remainder of the study, a similar pattern of neuroretinal marker expression was observed between both hESC lines. More specifically, markers of ganglion cell differentiation were observed initially, followed by the appearance of photoreceptor and retinal interneuron markers.Conclusion RPE and neuroretinal cell types can be obtained from differentiating H1 and H9 hESCs in a sequence reminiscent of normal human retinal development. However, differences were seen in the proclivity of these lines to produce multipotent retinal progenitors and RPE, as well as the timing of differentiation of certain retinal cell types. Therefore, caution should be used when directly comparing results obtained from different hESC lines.
Functional aspects of hyperautofluorescent ring in retinal dystrophies
Authors: HAWLINA M , LENASSI E , FAKIN A , JARC VIDMAR M , BRECELJ J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To further investigate functional aspects of hyperautofluorescent ring, seen in retinal dystrophies.Methods Full ophthalmologic examination was performed, autofluorescence imaging was done by Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis/OCT, microperimetry with MP1 and electrophysiology.Results Hzperautofluorescent ring exhibited different characteristics in RP‐related diseases and very heterogenous characteristics in cone dystrophies, cone/rod dystrophies and macular dystrophies such as Stargardt disease, Best's disease and other dystrophies affecting central retina.Conclusion Hyperautofluorescent ring is a specific feature that represents boundary between functioning and disfunctional retina and its origin is at present unknown. Different forms of ring are seen in different diseases and its functional correlations are important to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Therapeutic approachs in sterile corneal melts
Authors: GABISON EE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The aim of this instruction course is to present the medical and surgical management of chronic corneal melts.Methods Interactive clinical cases.Results Modulation of epithelial wound healing using different technics such as epihelial debridement, inlay and overlay amniotic membrane transplatation, lamellar or penetrating keratoplaty are presented.Conclusion Delayed epithelial wound closure is the main risk factor of sterile corneal melts. Early diagnosis for the medical and surgical management of corneal ulcerations
Occupational Cataracts and Lens Opacities in interventional Cardiology (O’CLOC Study)
Authors: JACOB S , LAURIER D , JOURDAIN JR , BERNIER MO 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Interventional cardiologists ‐ ICs, are exposed to ionizing radiations (X‐rays), which may induce early cataracts known as radiation‐induced cataracts. To test the existence of an increased risk of cataracts among ICs, the O'CLOC study was performed in France.Methods This study is a cross‐sectional study including an exposed group of ICs and a comparable unexposed group of non medical workers. Individual information on risk factors of cataracts (age, diabetes, myopia, etc. ...) and catheterization laboratory activity for ICs, were collected during a phone interview. Clinical eye examination including papillary dilatation and slit lamp examination was performed. LOCS III classification was used to detect lens opacities (nuclear, cortical or posterior subcapsular)Results The study included 106 ICs (mean age=51.1±7.3 yrs.) and 99 unexposed people (mean age =49.6±6.7 yrs.). There was no significant difference between both groups in terms of sex ratio, BMI, smoking status, diabetes, myopia, corticosteroids use. Regarding nuclear and cortical lens opacities, no significant difference was observed: 61% for ICs vs. 69% for unexposed group, p=0.23, and 23% for ICs vs. 29% for unexposed group, p=0.29, respectively. In contrast, posterior subcapsular lens opacities were significantly more frequent among ICs (17% vs. 5%, p = 0.006), corresponding to a crude OR=3.89 [1.39–10.93] which remained significant even after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, diabetes, myopia and corticosteroids use (OR=3.85 [1.30–11.40], p=0.015).Conclusion In order to limit the exposure to the eyes and the risk of radiation‐induced cataract, we recommend ICs to wear lead glasses and use protective equipment against X‐rays.
I‐LASIK retreatment of residual refractive errors after microkeratome and femtosecond assisted LASIK
Authors: MENICACCI F , FRUSCHELLI M , MENICACCI C , SANGIUOLO M , HADIJSTILIANOU T 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of femtosecond‐assisted sub‐bowman keratomileusis (I‐LASIK) retreatment for residual refractive errors after either I‐LASIK or microkeratome assisted LASIK.Methods We performed i‐lasik retreatment in 14 eyes of 10 patients (mean age 37) for residual myopic and astigmatic refractive errors after previous both i‐lasik and lasik procedures. All patients had stable residual refractive errors for at least 2 years. I‐lasik was performed in all cases with AMO's IntraLase™ FS and STAR S4 IR™ Excimer Laser System, corneal flap thickness was 100µm and hinge position was 90 degrees with reverse 120° side cut. The optical zone of the ablation was from 6.5 to 7 mm, transition zone from 8 to 9 mm.Results Controls were made at 1day, 1 and 3 months. Anterior segment OCT and corneal confocal microscopy were performed in every case. No flap decentration was observed in any case, we had 2 cases of epithelial ingrowth, 4 cases of dry eye, no cases of corneal ectasia and no retinal complications. All spherical equivalent results were within 0.50 diopters.Conclusion In our experience I‐lasik procedure demonstrated itself to be safe and effective also in patients with residual refractive errors from previous i‐lasik and lasik treatments.
Long‐term results of simultaneous topo‐guided photorefractive keratectomy followed by corneal collagen cross‐linking for keratoconus
Authors: DIAKONIS V , GRENTZELOS M , PORTALIOU D , KOUNIS G , LIMNOPOULOU A , KYMIONIS G 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To present the long‐term results after simultaneous photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) followed by corneal collagen cross linking (CXL) for keratoconusMethods In this prospective case series, 26 patients (31 eyes) with progressive keratoconus were included. All patients underwent customized topography guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) immediately followed by corneal collagen cross linking with the use of riboflavin and ultraviolet‐A irradiation. Epithelium was removed by transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy (t‐PTK) in all casesResults Mean follow‐up was 19.53 +/‐ 3.97 months (range 12 to 25 months). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was –2.3 +/‐ 2.8 diopters (D) while at the last follow up examination was significantly (p<0.001) reduced to ‐1.08 +/‐ 2.41 D. LogMAR uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were significantly reduced by 0.46 and 0.084 LogMAR units, (p<0.001) at the last follow up examination. Mean steep and flat keratometry readings were reduced by 2.35 D (p<0.001) and 1.18 D (p=0.013) at the last follow‐up examinationConclusion Simultaneous topo‐guided PRK followed by CXL seems to be an effective and safe treatment without any complications in our series of keratoconic patients
The distribution of retinal thickness in healthy eyes and its use in the objective analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans
Authors: HALDAR S , DAVIES N 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose OCT provides quantitative data but interpretation remains subjective. We have developed a statistical method to detect abnormal retinal thickness in OCT scans.Methods High resolution macula topography maps, which were identified as normal by a retinal specialist, were exported from a spectral domain OCT/SLO machine. A Matlab® algorithm was written to perform image registration to a model macula. A reference map was constructed for each eye consisting of mean thickness and standard deviation at each point. Kurtosis and skewness were calculated. To analyse pathological scans areas > 2 SD from the mean were deemed abnormal.Results 151 left eye scans and 112 right eye scans were analysed. The mean foveal thickness was 190.7 microns (SD 1.8) for the left and 189.2 microns (SD 1.6) for the right. Skewness and kurtosis were assessed over the macula. The mean skewness was 0.34 (‐0.39 to 0.39) for the left and ‐0.0154 (‐0.45 to +0.45) for the right. The mean kurtosis was 0.95 (SE 0.39, range ‐0.8 to 0.8) for the left and ‐0.0324 (SE 0.45, range ‐0.90 to 0.90) for the right. 20 abnormal scans from patients with diabetes were aligned with the reference maps. The mean percentage area of abnormality >2 SD was 28%, 2‐3 SD was 8%, 3‐5 SD was 7%, 5‐10 SD was 8% and >10 SD 5%. There was a linear correlation of area >2 SD with areas 3‐5 SD (R2 = 0.65) and 5‐10 SD (R2 = 0.73) indicating that larger lesion area is associated with greater oedema.Conclusion The data show a normal distribution of retinal thickness in healthy eyes. A quantified image of statistical abnormality in a diseased eye can be generated which is helpful for standardising interpretation.
A Meta‐analysis of stydies on the hetitability of myopia
Authors: MORGAN I 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Recently there has been considerable interest in the issue of mssing heritability ‐ the quite common problem of difficulty in matching the high heritability for some complex diseases with associated genomic variation. The aim of this analysis was to determine whether the heritability values for myopia and ocular biometry dervied from twin studies, broader family studies and population‐based studies were similar or different.Methods Relevant studies were collected by using as search words "myopia","refractive error", "axial length","corneal curvature", "corneal power" and "heritability" in the PubMed database. Reference lists of the papers identified were also searched to identify additional references. Studies on populations enriched in myopia or refractive error due to the selection criteria for inclusion were excluded from the analysis,Results The heritabilites determined for myopia from twin studies were significantly higher than those from family studies and population‐based studies. Fewer studies were availalbe on the heritability of axial length, but there appeared to be a similar trend in the data. Studies on the heritability of corneal power were even fewer in number, and the results were inconsistent.Conclusion The decline in the heritability of myopia with broader population base to the study suggests that the high heritability determined in twin studies is not generalisable, and may be associated with the low level of environmental variation within twin pairs. The heritability of axial length also depends on study design, although not as markedly as for myopia. Despite the high heritability determined in twin studies, evidence for major environmental effects is obtained with a broader population base.
Congenital Glaucoma: from the diagnosis up to the surgery. About a case
Authors: IBANEZ J , PEREZ GARCIA D , REMON L , JIMENEZ DEL RIO B , PEIRO C , CABEZON L , RAMIRO P , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The surgical treatment is, at present, universally accepted as treatment of choice in the congenital primary glaucoma. However, sometimes at the time of diagnosis, the conditions of the eye disable to carry out the surgery in safety conditions.Methods We present the case of a baby of 8 months, who was referred to our department for pain and corneous opaqueness of 48 hours of evolution. Exploration shows the presence of edematous cornea, with increase of the horizontal diameter (12 mm, opposite to 10 mm of the contralateral eye). With the possible diagnostic of congenital glaucoma, ultrasound scan was performed to confirm the increase in the axial length, and determination of the intraocular pressure(Perkins tonometry and Tono‐Pen, under topical anesthesia), which confirmed numbers abnormally high (38 and 42 mmHg respectively).Results Confirmed the diagnosis, and given the inability to carry out the goniotomy due to the corneal edema, began treatment with fixed combination dorzolamida/timolol 2 times a day for 5 days. The improvement of the corneous condition after the guideline of medical treatment, allowed the angular exploration and the surgery in safety conditions 7 days later.Conclusion In the managing of the congenital glaucoma, given the special characteristics of the patient, in many cases is necessary to delay the surgery in time. It is important to perform a thorough ophthalmological and systemic exploration in newborn patients to optimize the conditions of the eye before the surgery, allowing that this one should carry out, and making it less difficult, as far as possible.
Rates of visual field progression before and after trabeculectomy
Authors: BERTRAND V , FIEUWS S , STALMANS I , ZEYEN T 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To compare the rates of change in the visual field (VF) in patients with glaucoma before and after trabeculectomy.Methods 52 eyes of 52 patients over 35 years of age with different types of chronic glaucoma who underwent primary trabeculectomy were evaluated retrospectively. Pre‐ and postoperative automated visual fields measured by the same technique were compared to detect differences in rates of progression. Rates of VF loss before and after trabeculectomy were calculated using global indices, mean defect (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) and linear regression analysis per cluster. Linear mixed models were used to compare the evolution of the VF before and after trabeculectomy.Results The mean follow‐up period pre‐trabeculectomy was 3.88 years (min 0.92, max 10.72) and post‐trabeculectomy 3.82 years (min 2.03, max 8.02). The intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased significantly from 18.12 ± 4.71 mmHg before trabeculectomy to 11 ± 2.87 mmHg at the last follow‐up after trabeculectomy (P < 0.0001). The rate of progression of MD decreased with 55%, from –0.36 dB/year before surgery to –0.16 dB/year after surgery (P = 0.15). The rates of progression of PSD decreased from –1.69 dB/year before to –0.018 dB/year after surgery (P = 0.03). Of the 10 predefined clusters, only in cluster 10, situated infero‐temporally, the difference between the slopes was statistically significant (0.64 dB/year, P = 0.0021).Conclusion Trabeculectomy significantly decreased the rates of glaucomatous VF progression.
Correlation of the rate of progression of visual field loss between Guided Progression Analysis (GPA II) and PeriDataTM program in glaucoma patients: Pilot study
Authors: POURJAVAN S , PEETERS H , DETRY‐MOREL M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To assess the correlation of progression rate measured by GPAII using visual field index (VFI%) and PeriDataTM employing functional equivalent score (FES) in glaucoma patients.Methods Retrospective, observational study including 54 eyes of 37 medically treated glaucoma patients with at least 5 reliable visual field examinations in minimum 2 years. Only patients with a negative rate of progression with VFI were taken into account to calculate their rate of progression and loss of FES. Patients who underwent filtering surgery or laser trabeculoplasty during the follow‐up period were excluded.Results Mean age was 75.7 ±13.4 yrs. the patients performed their visual field with Humphrey standard automated perimeter (Sita Standard 24‐2). The mean follow‐up was 7.5 ± 2.5 yrs. The mean of progression by GPA (%/year) and PeriData FES index (%/year) were: ‐2.0 ± 2.2 (range= ‐10.6 to ‐0.2 per year) and ‐3.18 ± 2.5 (range: ‐9.3 to 2.8 per year) respectively. There was an excellent correlation between GPAII index VFI% loss per year and PeriData FES loss per year (<0.001) for the total group. In contrary when the group was limited to low‐ moderate progressors (VFI% loss per year ≥ ‐2), there was no correlation between the two different indexes.Conclusion In this study we couldn't find any correlation between VFI% and FES% in the clinically low to moderate visual field progression.
Mitigation of the IOP elevation associated with non‐supine sleep positions
Authors: FLATAU A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose When a person sleeps in a non‐supine position, the load path through which the weight of the head is transferred to a supporting surface (a pillow, the mattress, an arm, etc.) generally includes one eye. This research quantifies the forces that act on the eye and the potential for extended periods of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation when the eye is a load bearing element in the "head‐to‐bed" load path.Methods An engineering model of the load path is used to quantify nominal loads on the eye when in side‐ and face‐down sleep positions. The eye is modeled as a fluid filled, thin walled pressure vessel and is included as a load‐bearing structural element in the head‐to‐bed load path. The model is used to simulate a device that provides as alternative load path to mitigate sleep position related elevation of IOP.Results Predictions from a lumped parameter model indicate that individuals who sleep in non‐supine positions will experience elevation of IOP of 3‐5 mmHg. A more sophisticated eye model is used to incorporate deformation of the eye and to show the lumped parameter model estimates of IOP elevation are conservative. This result is supported by a recently published experimental study of measured IOP elevation in dogs during eye manipulation [Keing et al., 2011] which suggests that relatively modest deformations of the eye can nearly double measured IOP levels. A non‐invasive method for alleviation of the external forces that act on the eye during non‐supine sleep is described as a means for altering this load path.Conclusion These results suggest that patients with normal IOP levels during the day may experience significant elevation of IOP levels due to sleeping in non‐supine positions. An approach to mitigate this mechanism of IOP elevation is presented.
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by optical coherence tomography correlates with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in multiple sclerosis (MS)
Authors: CARZOLI A , LATARCHE C , BERROD JP , DEBOUVERIE M , ANGIOI K 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determinate if retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score in patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS)Methods 74 consecutive patients (extracted from the prospective Lorraine Multiple Sclerosis Registry) were included. A neurological examination with determination of the EDSS score and an ophthalmological examination with visual acuity, visual field testing, and RNFL measurements with optical coherence tomography (OCT3‐Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin California USA) were performed.Results Mean age was 44,5 years and 66% were women. EDSS average score was 3. Prior optic neuritis was present in 83% OD and 41% OS. EDSS score was negatively correlated with RNFL thickness (‐0,28 p=0.04 OD and ‐0.2 p<0,1 OS). There were no correlation between RNFL thickness and MS subtype or any of other ophthalmological tests. At the opposite, RNLF thickness was significantly lower among eyes with prior optic neuritis (74 vs 90 OD and 76.8 vs 90.3 micrometers, p<0.01). In addition we did not find any correlation between EDSS and other ophthalmological tests.Conclusion Our study demonstrates that RNFL thickness is statistically correlated with EDSS score. RNFL thickness measured by OCT appears to be an interesting structural biomarker to detect global axonal loss in MS patients. Larger studies are warranted to confirm if RNFL thickness could serve as a surrogate of EDSS score.
Wavefront guided or topo‐link ? Which one and when ?
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBased on the refractive outcomes and postoperative wavefront aberrations measurements, in large series of patients who underwent photorefractive keratectomy with topography‐guided, or wavefront‐guided ablation, we will help you decide when to use each of these "premium" refractive surgery techniques.