bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticulate Sols of TiO2 Doped with Erbium (III) for Photoinduced Applications
Authors: Borlaf M. , Moreno R. , Colomer M. T. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTColloidal sol-gel is a common method used for the preparation of stable and homogeneous nanoparticulate sols. In this work, TiO2 and Er3+ doped-TiO2 sols (1, 2 and 3 mole % Er3+) have been prepared. The peptization time, viscosity and isoelectric point increase at higher Er3+ concentration indicating that erbium (III) delays the peptization process, increases the viscosity and adsorbs onto the surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles. When the sols of TiO2 are doped with Er3+ lower values of the band gap are obtained. After drying, in all cases, anatase was obtained as major phase although traces of brookite are also detected. The microstructure was observed by TEM and shows direct evidence that the xerogels are polycrystalline.
Hierarchical Transformation of Silver Morphologies on Clay Film from Spheres, Cubes, Rods to Lengthy Nano-Wires
Authors: Liang Kai-Ling , Wang Ya-Chi , Lin Jiang-Jen 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in silicate clay matrix films were fabricated from solution casting method. The Ag/clay dispersion was first prepared from in situ reduction of silver nitrate in the presence of silicate clay platelets and ethanol as the reducing agent. The morphologies of AgNPs have changed in a hierarchical manner, from sphere to cube and then to rod and wire morphologies during the annealing at 200 °C. The originally homogeneous AgNPs distribution in the clay matrix underwent the transformation of AgNPs in moving to the film surface and coalescing to larger sizes. The hierarchical change continued to form other morphologies. We observed the self-assembled morphologies including spherical (diameter ∼ 50 nm), cubic (length ∼100 nm), rod-like (length ∼ 1.6 μm and width ∼300 nm) and then to lengthy wire Ag (length ∼10μm). The kinetic mobility of AgNPs to surface and the characterization of Ag composition were confirmed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Expression of oxidative stress in metastatic retinoblastomaa comparative study
Authors: Mukhopadhyay S , Dutta J , Raut R , Datta H , Bhattacharyay A K 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To compare oxidative stress between primary retinoblastoma and retinoblastoma with distant metastasis. Patients and methods: Forty consecutive patients presented with primary retinoblastoma and the same number of patients presented with distant metastasis, attending the outpatient department of our hospital between August 2002 and April 2005. All the patients with retinoblastoma underwent a standard metastasis workup and were subsequently categorized into two groups (without metastasis and with metastasis).Venous blood samples were drawn from each patient. After proper centrifugation, serum was collected and antioxidant enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assayed. Main outcome measures: Serum collected from the patients was subjected to biochemical assay of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidise) and ROS to determine any difference in enzyme activity between the two groups. Results: Antioxidant levels were found to be less in the metastasis group as compared to the primary intraocular retinoblastoma group(p<0.05).Mean ROS activity was found to be increased in metastatic group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The decreased antioxidant enzymes level along with increased ROS activity in patients with metastatic retinoblastoma reflect increased oxidative stress as compared to primary intraocular retinoblastoma patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6543 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 271-276
Hemodynamic effects of intraocular epinephrine during cataract surgery: a double blinded placebo controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Miratashi Seyed Ali Mohammad , Behdad Shekoufeh , Ayatollahi Vida , Ahmadi Afsar 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To evaluate hemodynamic effects of intraocular epinephrine irrigation in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a prospective double blinded clinical trial at the Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Eighty-eight patients of age 38-90 years undergoing were randomly allocated into two groups: Group E received intraocular irrigation fluid (balanced salt solution) with epinephrine 1:1000, 000, and group C received intraocular irrigation fluid (balanced salt solution) without epinephrine. Heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were measured before and at 5, 10, 15 minutes after starting intraocular infusion of epinephrine1:1000, 000 in both groups. Results: HR and SBP were similar in the two groups at different time intervals. DBP was decreased at 5 minutes after epinephrine administration in the epinephrine group and increased at 10 and 15 minutes but there was no significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion: Intraocular infusion of epinephrine 1:1,000,000 can be used during cataract surgery without hemodynamic side effects and so is a safe and effective method for this purpose.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6546 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 288-294
Artificial drainage devices for glaucoma surgery: an overview
Authors: Chaudhry M , Grover S , Baisakhiya S , Bajaj A , Bhatia M S 
Published: July 2012

Artificial drainage devices (ADD) create an alternative pathway for aqueous drainage from the anterior chamber of an eye through a tube to the subconjunctival bleb connected to an equatorial plate under the conjunctiva. The ADDs, both valved and non-valved, are available for end stage or refractory glaucoma. Currently, some of these devices, particularly the Express shunt, are recommended for the primary treatment of glaucoma. In this article, we highlight various ADDs, their indications and contraindications, surgical techniques and associated complications.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6547 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 295-302
Accommodative spasm with bilateral vision loss due to untreated intermittent exotropia in an adult
Authors: Shanker V , Ganesh S , Sethi S 
Published: July 2012

Background: Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is an exodeviation intermittently controlled by fusional mechanisms. Patients with IXT may present with asthenopic symptoms, blurred vision, headaches, diplopia or visual confusion and reading difficulties; especially after prolonged periods of near work. Objective: To report the presentation and management of a young adult with intractable accommodative spasm secondary to long standing intermittent exotropia. Case: The patient was found to have bilateral accommodative spasm with high pseudomyopia and severe impairment of vision. There was a tendency for recurrence with discontinuation of cycloplegics.Conclusion: A total relief of symptoms was noticed after strabismus surgery was undertaken for the exotropia. A detailed orthoptic evaluation with emphasis on recognizing accommodative spasm as an unusual presentation of IXT, could aid in appropriate diagnosis and treatment of such cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6552 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 319-322
Prevalence and Covariates of Undiagnosed Hypertension in the Adult Population of Puducherry, South India
Authors: Bharati DR , Nandi P , Yamuna TV , Lokeshmaran A , Agarwal L , Singh JB , Basu M , Das P , Pal R 
Published: July 2012

Background Globally the prevalence of both hypertension and pre-hypertension are increasing and pre-hypertension has been associated with higher cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and pre-hypertension and associated covariates among adults of rural and urban area of Puducherry. Material and Methods A population based cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practices area of Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute without intervention. Results Among 856 participants, 27.6 percent were hypertensive and 57 percent pre-hypertensive; the magnitude of both stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension increased with the age. Of the hypertensives, 26.3 and 28.7 percent were from rural and urban area respectively, whereas in pre-hypertension the corresponding figures were 61 and 53.4 percent. Significantly increased risk of hypertension was noted among adults with increasing age, having less than six members in the family, suffering from obesity (general and abdominal obesity) and living sedentary life. On the other hand, the probability of having increased risk of pre-hypertension was significantly higher among adults living in the rural areas, having non-vegetarian dietary habit, suffering from obesity (general and abdominal obesity), living sedentary life and having family history of hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression however showed significant correlation of hypertension with increasing age, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco addiction and obesity (general and central). Significant correlates of pre-hypertensive were rural residence, sedentary living habits, family history of hypertension, tobacco addiction and obesity (general and central). Conclusion The present findings show high prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among population of Puducherry in South India.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v2i2.6576 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2012;2(2):191-199
Report on a field visit to Mondragón University: a cooperative experience/experiment
Authors: Wright Susan , Greenwood Davydd , Boden Rebecca 
Published: July 2012

We have been investigating universities in our own countries for many years and are now turning our attention to exploring alternatives to current reforms. As part of these investigations, we spent two days of interviews and meetings at Mondragón, a town in Gipúzkoa in the Spanish Basque Country.Mondragón is at the centre of one of the largest groups of co-operatives in the world and in 1997 set up what is probably the only co-operative university in existence. This highly successful university has a solidary economy, effective methods of knowledge generation and transfer, and is expanding. Among its unique features are flat hierarchies and forms of self-management, community engagement and student participation built on an overall concept of the solidarity of the stakeholders.
In vitro plant regeneration in Banana (Musa sp.) cv. sabri
Authors: Huq Amdadul , Akter Shahina , Islam Shahina , Khan Salim 
Published: July 2012

The establishment of a micro-propagation protocol for banana (Musa sp.) cv. Sabri, was carried out using meristematic stem cuttings explant. MS medium supplemented with BAP singly or in combination with auxin, IAA and coconut water was used for this purpose. Highest percentage of shoot regeneration (90%) and maximum number of shoots (10) per explant were observed when cultured on MS + 4.0 mg/1 BAP + 2.0 mg/1 IAA + 13% (v/v) coconut water. Best response towards root induction was achieved on half MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/1 IBA. The regenerated healthy rooted plantlets were transferred to small plastic pot containing garden soil and compost in a ratio of 2:1. Through this method, complete micro-propagated plantlets were obtained within three months. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2.11444 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(2), 143-146, 2012
Admixture of Isubgol husk together with conventionally used agar as gelling agent for Potato and Stevia regeneration
Authors: Khan Salim , Maruf Abdullah Al , Aktera Shahina , Habiba Ahashan , Banua Tanjina Akhtar , Islam Shahina 
Published: July 2012

Attempts have been made to find a substitute for agar as gelling agent. The study was conducted on commercially important crop plants like potato varieties (Diamond and Granola) and Stevia. 'Isubgol', the mucilaginous husk, derived from Plantago ovata was successfully used as a gelling material in tissue culture media. The price of 'Isubgol husk' is cheaper than the conventionally used agar and it had reduced the price of gelling agent approximately by 47.5 % in plant tissue culture media. The use of 'Isubgol husk' along with agar can reduce the cost of gelling agents. The response from media gelled with Isubgol husk in potato and Stevia was similar to that from media solidified with agar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2.11447 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(2), 161-166, 2012
Gross Morphological Variation in Preterm Placenta in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Akhter Fahima , Ferdousi Roxana , Sultana Rayhana 
Published: July 2012

Background: Preterm birth is the primary cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Recently, it has become a significant issue in public health policies of developing countries. Among the various causes, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are two important high-risk factors for preterm birth. Again, placenta is a mirror that reflects the well-being of the fetus and continuously undergoes a change in weight, structure, shape and function in order to support the well-being of the fetus.Objective: To make an in-depth analysis on the possible gross morphological changes in preterm placenta in respect of GDM and PIH.Materials and Methods: The study was observational, analytical and cross sectional. The patients under this study were selected from the Obstetric ward of BSMMU and BIRDEM Hospital, from June 2005 to October 2005. A total of sixty-six samples were collected from women during 28 weeks to 36 completed weeks of gestation. Among them, twenty-two samples were from mothers having GDM, twenty-two having PIH and twenty-two belonged to normal pregnancy (control group). The placentas were examined to measure their diameter, thickness, cotyledons number, weight, and volume.Results: In this study, the GDM group showed significantly higher values for the variables of diameter, weight, volume and number of cotyledons as compared to PIH group. On the other hand, the thickness of the placenta showed lower values in GDM group, but the result did not reach a significant level.Conclusion: From the findings of this study, it is difficult to establish a clear-cut correlation about placental changes in diabetic and hypertensive mothers during pregnancy. However, the changes in placental weight, volume and diameter found in gestational diabetic mother may be a long term compensatory mechanism, aiming to secure a sufficient nutrient supply to support the growth of the foetus. So, postnatal examination of the placenta can yield information that may be important for immediate and late management of the mother and neonate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i2.11466 J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(2): 71-75
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: A Case Report
Authors: Bhattacharjee Shekhar , Bhattacharjee Swapna 
Published: July 2012

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare disease which usually presents with shortness of breath. We report a case of a female patient who presented with dyspnoea. We diagnosed her as a case of PPH on the basis of detailed history, careful physical examination and common investigations like electrocardiogram (ECG), chest radiography and Doppler echocardiograhy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i2.11468 J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(2): 81-84
Pour une sociologie des problématisations politiques de l'École
Authors: Sawicki Frédéric 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Cet article se veut un plaidoyer en faveur du décloisonnement des recherches sur les politiques scolaires. En plus de présenter les contributions du numéro, il analyse les raisons du long désintérêt de la science politique pour ce domaine, il met en exergue certains des apports majeurs à la sociologie de l’action publique des recherches menées sur les politiques scolaires en France au cours des vingt dernières années, et attire l’attention des spécialistes des politiques scolaires sur la nécessité d’être plus attentifs aux acteurs « centraux » qui concourent à la « problématisation » des questions scolaires.
La mise en système et l'économicisation de l'enseignement en France au début des années 1950 : la fonctionnalisation d'une institution
Authors: Bongrand Philippe 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Alors que l’enseignement de la III e République visait implicitement à reproduire les structures socio-économiques qui lui étaient contemporaines, pendant les « Trente glorieuses », au contraire, l’unification du système éducatif est explicitement conçue pour orienter des individus vers différentes catégories professionnelles à faire advenir. Tout en revendiquant l’objectif d’égalité des chances des enfants, « la réforme de l’enseignement » entend en particulier répondre à des besoins en cadres et techniciens. Ce projet d’une école aussi juste socialement qu’efficace économiquement est alors scellé dans les structures, durables, d’un système éducatif qui entend répartir les élèves vers les différents secteurs et niveaux professionnels. Observé entre la fin des années 1940 et le milieu des années 1950, au prisme de publications professionnelles et d’archives administratives, cet endossement d’une finalité économique se place au croisement, d’une part, de l’investissement accru des milieux agricoles et industriels dans la formation et, d’autre part, de concurrences internes à l’institution scolaire pour définir la réforme. Ce croisement est catalysé par la circulation de savoirs qui étayent et rendent compatibles des lectures économiques et démocratiques de l’enseignement. L’article envisage ainsi la politique publique de réforme de l’enseignement comme rouage d’un processus de fonctionnalisation économique de l’institution scolaire.
L'européanisation de l'École française en débat : le cas contrasté de l'évaluation des établissements scolaires
Authors: Buisson-Fenet Hélène , Pons Xavier 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Cet article interroge le processus d’européanisation du système éducatif français à travers l’exemple d’une mesure typique de la nouvelle gestion publique préconisée dans plusieurs arènes européennes et internationales sur les bonnes pratiques en matière de gouvernance éducative : l’évaluation des établissements scolaires. Pour cela, il mobilise une partie des matériaux recueillis lors d’une enquête qualitative sur les politiques d’évaluation des établissements dans quatre pays européens. Plutôt qu’une « européanisation » du système éducatif français, l’article montre les effets limités et ambigus des initiatives supra- et internationales et les spécificités de la politique nationale d’évaluation. Sans nier l’existence d’emprunts ponctuels et les références à une gouvernance européenne par les idées ou les instruments de mesure, il insiste sur le poids des médiations professionnelles dans la mobilisation d’exemples étrangers et dans la traduction en contexte des impératifs d’évaluation.
La dimensión innovadora de la empresa
Authors: Pacheco Espejel Arturo Andrés , González I. A. Rivera , Soto E. Meixueiro 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Les environnements interne et externe des entreprises sont en mutation : les préférences des clients évoluent, les technologies et les connaissances progressent, les structures des marchés se transforment, les politiques gouvernementales s’ajustent, etc. Il s’ensuit que les entreprises, quels que soient leur taille ou leur positionnement, doivent repenser, réinventer et s’adapter constamment et de manière intelligente, en s’appuyant sur l’innovation continue comme levier stratégique pour améliorer leur productivité, leur compétitivité et, par conséquent, leur rentabilité. L’innovation se niche potentiellement partout dans l’entreprise, et pas seulement dans les machines ou dans la conception des produits ; il ne s’agit pas d’un phénomène spontané (« syndrome de l’étincelle ») ni de chance ni de magie. L’innovation continue se cultive ; c’est-à-dire que des conditions entrepreneuriales adéquates doivent être créées pour la générer de manière continue. L’objectif central de ce travail est de définir la dimension innovatrice des entreprises à partir de la caractérisation de la dynamique et de la nature de l’entreprise, en mettant en place les conditions nécessaires pour produire des projets innovateurs de manière continue.
Les phases amont des projets innovants et la construction du groupe-projet
Authors: Lizarralde I. , Pilnière Véronique 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Nous nous intéressons ici aux phases amont de la mise en place de projets complexes. Nous considérons comme « projets complexes », des projets qui se proposent de spécifier, de mettre en œuvre et de pérenniser des changements organisationnels profonds dans les entreprises ou, plus généralement, dans les activités sous contraintes économiques. Ces projets sont généralement liés à l’innovation sous ses diverses formes : innovation produit naturellement, mais aussi innovation process, innovation organisationnelle ou innovation sociale. Le manager ou le chef de projet en charge d’une telle transformation complexe va devoir réfléchir à la façon dont il va s’organiser, aux personnes concernées par le projet dont il prend la responsabilité. La question à laquelle nous allons nous intéresser dans cette contribution est la suivante : comment est-il possible de faire collaborer positivement des personnes et faire démarrer efficacement des projets communs dans la mesure où ces personnes défendent a priori des points de vue divergents sur la nature des problèmes posés, sur les solutions que l’on peut leur imaginer et sur des façons « réalistes » d’y parvenir.
Simultaneous Determination of Sitagliptin and Metformin in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and its Application to Human Plasma Analysis
Authors: Salim Mohamed , El-Enany Nahed , Belal Fathallah , Walash Mohamed , Patonay Gabor 
Published: July 2012

A novel, quick, reliable and simple capillary zone electrophoresis CZE method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of sitagliptin (SG) and metformin (MF) in pharmaceutical preparations. Separation was carried out in fused silica capillary (50.0 cm total length and 43.0 cm effective length, 49 μm i.d.) by applying a potential of 15 KV (positive polarity) and a running buffer containing 60 mM phosphate buffer at pH 4.0 with UV detection at 203 nm. The samples were injected hydrodynamically for 3 s at 0.5 psi and the temperature of the capillary cartridge was kept at 25°C. Phenformin was used as internal standard (IS).The method was suitably validated with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The method showed good linearity in the ranges of 10-100 μg/mL and 50-500 μg/mL with limits of detection of 0.49, 2.11 μm/mL and limits of quantification of 1.48, 6.39 μg/mL for SG and MF, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in their synthetic mixtures and co-formulated tablets without interfering peaks due to the excipients present in the pharmaceutical tablets. The method was further extended to the in-vitro determination of the two drugs in spiked human plasma. The estimated amounts of SG/MF were almost identical with the certified values, and their percentage relative standard deviation values (% R.S.D.) were found to be ≤1.50% (n = 3). The results were compared to a reference method reported in the literature and no significant difference was found statistically.