bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin and Properties of Spinal Cord Field Potentials
Authors: Yates Billy J. , Thompson Floyd J. , Mickle Parker J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Electrical or natural stimulation of cutaneous, muscle, or visceral nerves evokes a field potential in the spinal cord; the field potential elicited by each type of afferent fiber differs in wave form. Cutaneous nerve-evoked spinal cord field potentials consist of a triphasic spike, one to three negative waves, and a slow positive wave. Muscle nerve-evoked spinal cord field potentials are composed of a triphasic spike, a slow positive wave, and one to three negative waves with different relative latencies and durations than the negative waves evoked by cutaneous nerves. Visceral nerve-evoked potentials in the spinal cord comprise only a single negative wave and a slow positive wave. The triphasic spike is a compound action potential propagating through the large primary afferent fibers; the negative waves are generated by dorsal horn interneurons; the positive wave is a reflection of primary afferent depolarization. A knowledge of the origin and properties of spinal cord field potentials has practical usefulness for both the experimental neurophysiologist and the clinician.
Computed Tomography-guided Intracranial Biopsy and Cyst Aspiration
Authors: Greenblatt Samuel H. , Rayport Mark , Savolaine Edward R. , Harris James H. , Hitchins Mark W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A coordinated series of instruments has been developed for use in computed tomography (CT)-guided brain lesion biopsy and cyst aspiration: a plastic guide needle that is relatively free of CT artifacts, a ball-and-socket holding device for multidirectional sampling, and an aspiration-cutting biopsy needle that reliably produces consistent cores of tissue. Twenty-six biopsy and/or aspiration procedures have been performed on 24 patients with an overall biopsy success rate of 79%. The method is most reliable with highly malignant astrocytomas and least reliable with metastases and unusual primary tumors. There were 3 complications: 2 intratumoral hematomas and 1 death due to hemorrhage. A survey of published CT biopsy series shows an overall success rate of 85%. The rate of serious complications is 3.5% (including 3 deaths). The incidence of intratumoral hematomas that are clinically silent or associated with relatively minor clinical problems is 9%. CT-guided intracranial biopsy is more reliable than the earlier freehand methods and simpler than stereotactic techniques. It is the procedure of choice for percutaneous biopsy of superficial and deep hemispheric lesions.
Changes in the Visual Evoked Potentials of Hydrocephalic Children
Authors: Guthkelch Norman A. , Sclabassi Robert J. , Vries John K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The visual evoked potentials (VEPs) of a group of 84 hydrocephalic children, aged between 2 days and 15 years, were studied. The variables analyzed were age, ventriculomegaly, head size, and the presence or absence of a functioning shunt. In infants, an increase in the latency of the primary positive wave (P2) was confirmed, but this was present consistently only when ventriculomegaly was accompanied by increased head size. Improvement in the VEP was slow to follow shunting. No change in the latency of P2 was found during hydrocephalic episodes in older children.
Successful Treatment of the Normal Perfusion Pressure Breakthrough Syndrome
Authors: Day Arthur L. , Friedman William A. , Sypert George W. , Mickle Parker J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Massive, multifocal bleeding after the technically successful removal of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) represents a frightening and usually catastrophic complication. This phenomenon, termed normal perfusion pressure breakthrough by Spetzler et al., is caused by the diversion of blood flow from the AVM into adjacent, maximally dilated, and nonautoregulating small vessels. We recently encountered three cases of cerebral AVM that exhibited breakthrough bleeding immediately after an apparently successful operation. In all cases, the surgeon was unable to control the resultant hemorrhage by standard microsurgical techniques. High dose barbiturate anesthesia, combined with blood pressure reduction to the lower levels of the normal cerebral perfusion curve, was then initiated in each case. Controlled hyperventilation, steroids, and osmotic dehydrating agents were also used to control intracranial pressure elevation. After maintenance of this regimen for several days, the patients were returned to the operating room for hematoma evacuation. At this time, bleeding was controlled easily and breakthrough did not occur. Although this regimen requires intensive anesthetic, pulmonary, and cerebral monitoring, it successfully salvaged all three patients. Two made immediate, remarkable recoveries, and the third patient is slowly improving. This protocol therefore seems promising for the management of the massive, uncontrollable cerebral swelling or bleeding that may occur as a consequence of AVM removal.
Microsurgery of the Fourth Ventricle: Part 1
Authors: Matsushima Toshio , Rhoton Albert L. , Lenkey Carla 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Operations on the 4th ventricle offer the potential for injury of the brain stem, cerebellum, cranial nerves, and major cerebellar arteries and veins. Twenty-five cadaver brains were examined using 3× to 25× magnification to define the relationship of these vital structures to the 4th ventricle. The 4th ventricle has a roof, a floor, and two lateral recesses. Most of the cranial nerves arise near the floor, which sits on the pons and medulla. The superior half of the roof, formed by the superior medullary velum, lingula, and cerebellar peduncles, is intimately related to the cerebellomesencephalic fissure, the superior cerebellar arteries, and the vein of the cerebellomesencephalic fissure. The inferior half of the roof, formed by the inferior medullary velum, tela choroidea, nodule, and uvula, is intimately related to the cerebellomedullary fissure, the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries, and the veins of the cerebellomedullary fissure. The lateral recesses and adjoining parts of the roof and floor are intimately related to the cerebellopontine fissures, the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries, and the veins of the cerebellopontine fissure. The cerebellar peduncles converge on and form a major part of the ventricular surface. The hili of the dentate nuclei abut on the superolateral recesses of the ventricle near the superior poles of the tonsils.
Nontraumatic Subdural Hematoma Secondary to Dural Metastasis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Turner Donn M. , Graf Carl J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of nontraumatic subdural hematoma secondary to dural metastasis from endometrial adenocarcinoma is presented. The presumed mechanism of production and occurrence of this unusual complication from an unusual central nervous system metastasis is reviewed briefly.
Extreme Pseudo-occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Yonas Howard , Meyer John 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Angiographic criteria for the identification of patients with angiographic internal carotid artery occlusion but with anatomical patency are presented. The presence of retained contrast material in a caudal atherosclerotic internal carotid artery stump, especially when accompanied by visualization of the internal carotid artery at the base of the skull, suggests that the internal carotid artery may be patent. Two cases of “extreme” pseudo-occlusion are presented, and the indications for extracranial-intracranial bypass and caudal internal carotid artery stump resection are reviewed.
End-to-End Suture of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery after the Excision of a Large Aneurysm: Case Report
Authors: Dolenc Vinko 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of a large aneurysm of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is presented. The ectasia of the PICA was excised, and the artery was reconstructed by end-to-end suture. The PICA proved to be patent. The patient had neither pre- nor postoperative neurological deficit.
Giant Intracranial and Extracranial Meningioma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cech David A. , Leavens Milam E. , Larson David L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Large extracranial extensions of intracranial meningiomas are rare. We report the case of a 63-year-old man with a giant parietal occipital meningioma, which was removed successfully without significant complications. The tumor's total 2600-g mass makes it one of the largest of central nervous system origin ever resected. We detail the problem of dealing with such a tumor and review similar cases.
Partial Hydrocephalus with Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Yoshimine Toshiki , Hayakawa Toru , Kamikawa Kiyoo , Ohnishi Toshiteru , Ohnishi Toshiteru , Yamamoto Kazumi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Two adult patients with unilateral chronic subdural hematomas are reported because of the presence of dilatation of the lateral ventricle opposite the hematoma. In both cases, dilatation was limited to the contralateral atrium and the occipital and temporal horns. The selective dilatation, we believe, is explained on the basis of the anatomy of the skull base and the falx. This phenomenon may contribute to an increase of the supratentorial pressure, originally elevated by the hematoma. This characteristic finding on computed tomographic scans should be regarded as critical in cases of chronic subdural hematoma.
Symptomatic Spinal Stenosis Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Luken Martin G. , Patel Dushyant V. , Ellman Michael H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Patients with ankylosing spondylitis frequently experience back pain and they have a well-known propensity for spinal fractures, but they rarely manifest motor and sensory nerve root impairment. We recently encountered a patient with ankylosing spondylitis who complained of classical spinal claudication with urinary sphincter dysfunction. Computed axial tomography revealed marked lumbosacral lateral recess and foraminal spinal stenosis that was not evident on the myelogram; at operation the stenosis appeared to be the result of extensive posterior soft tissue ossification. This heretofore unrecognized yet potentially treatable complication of ankylosing spondylitis is discussed.
Familial Occurrence of Cerebellar Hemangioblastomas—Analysis of Five Families
Authors: Yamashita Junkoh , Handa Hajime , Kim Choigon , Kim Sooho 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Characteristic features of familial cases of cerebellar hemangioblastom a were analyzed on the basis of 54 patients, 32 male and 22 female. In this group there were 7 cases from five affected families. The overall recurrence rate was 33.3% among patients who had been followed for more than 4 years after total removal of the tumor. Recurrence was more common in the familial cases (50%). The average age at the onset of symptoms was younger (23.4 years) in familial cases than in nonfamilial cases (36.2 years) and tended to be even younger (18.9 years) in the second generation of familial cases. These findings suggest that the integration of primitive vasoformative tissues is disturbed more severely in familial cases of cerebellar hemangioblastoma.
Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infections with Medical Therapy Alone
Authors: Mates S. , Glaser J. , Shapiro K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Eight of 48 patients with shunt infections were treated with antibiotic therapy only. Seven of the 8 were cured and remained infection-free for at least 1 year. Six of the 7 patients had developed infection within 2 weeks of shunt insertion or revision. Shunt infections that occur soon after operation may have a good cure rate with antibiotics and no surgical intervention.
Malignant Optic Glioma Presenting Radiologically as a “Cystic” Suprasellar Mass: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Barbarao Nicholas M. , Rosenblum Mark L. , Maitland Charles G. , Hoyt William F. , Davis Richard L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The diagnosis of malignant glioma of the optic nerves and chiasm may be difficult because these rare lesions may mimic other suprasellar lesions. We report a case of glioblastoma multiforme of the optic chiasm in which the appearance of the lesion on computed tomographic (CT) scan was consistent with that of craniopharyngioma or cystic pituitary adenoma. We suggest that malignant optic glioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an adult with progressive visual loss of rapid onset, even when ophthalmological examination strongly suggests extrinsic compression of the anterior optic pathways and when the CT scan apparently indicates a cystic mass lesion.
Colloid Cyst of the Third Ventricle Presenting as a Ringenhancing Lesion on Computed Tomography
Authors: Bullard Dennis E. , Osborne Dennis , Cook Wesley A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We report a patient with a colloid cyst of the 3rd ventricle. The computed tomographic scan demonstrated a ringenhancing lesion rather than the classically described homogeneous hyperdense lesion. A brief review of the literature and theoretical explanations for this case are presented.
Pituitary Enlargement and Primary Hypothyroidism: A Report of Two Cases with Sharply Contrasting Outcomes
Authors: Gup Ronald S. , Sheeler Leslie R. , Maeder Michael C. , Tew John M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Primary hypothyroidism may be associated with pituitary enlargement. Two cases of pituitary enlargement with suprasellar extension associated with primary hypothyroidism are presented. In one patient, prompt regression of the pituitary enlargement occurred with replacement doses of L-thyroxine. In the second patient, there was progressive enlargement of the pituitary gland while the patient was on L-thyroxine therapy with documented normalization of serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. We recommend repeat evaluation of all patients with pituitary enlargement that is thought to be secondary to primary hypothyroidism to document regression of pituitary size after L-thyroxine therapy.
Successful Treatment by Lumboperitoneal Shunting of a Spinal Subclavicular Fistula following Thoracotomy
Authors: Katz Sheldon S. , Savitz Martin H. , Osei Clement , Harris Leon 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A 60-year-old woman with a Pancoast tumor developed a spinal subclavicular fistula after thoracotomy. Pseudomonas meningitis was treated with intravenous cefotaxime before lumboperitoneal shunting. A brief review of the neurosurgical literature on direct and indirect approaches to the closure of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas is presented.
Intracranial Extension and Spontaneous Hemorrhage of a Sphenoid Plasmacytoma
Authors: Harper Lonnie , LeBlanc Hector J. , McDowell James R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of intracranial extension of a plasmacytoma of the sphenoid bone is reported. Early symptoms of trigeminal nerve involvement preceded the abrupt onset of coma. Uncal herniation occurred secondary to a large middle fossa mass that bled into the subdural space. Earlier recognition of the intracranial extension would have prompted radiation therapy, which could have obviated the subsequent catastrophic hemorrhage.
Curable Paraplegia Due to Extradural Hematopoietic Tissue in Thalassemia
Authors: Abbassioun Kazem , Amir-Jamshidi Abbass 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Two patients with β-thalassemia and spinal cord compression due to extradural extramedullary hematopoietic tissue are presented and the related literature is reviewed. This rare complication, once diagnosed, may be treated readily with surgical decompression or radiation. The diagnosis is suggested by evidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis elsewhere and the presence of an extradural lesion, usually in the mid- and lower thoracic region, on myelography and, at times, a paravertebral mass on chest x-ray films. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that such hematopoietic tissue in the spinal cord vicinity arises from embryonal rests in the extradural areolar tissue of mesodermal origin.
Seizures during the Immediate Postoperative Period
Authors: Kvam David A. , Loftus Christopher M. , Copeland Brian , Quest Donald O. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Twenty-three of 538 patients undergoing elective craniotomy had a seizure within 24 hours after operation. The lesion had been located extra-axially in 15 patients and intra-axially in 8 patients. Except for 1 patient who had a parietal craniotomy for an arteriovenous malformation, all patients had a frontal or temporal exposure. Only 5 patients had a previous history of seizures. Adequate levels of anticonvulsant medication were not present in 19 of the 23 patients before operation. No major postoperative metabolic abnormalities were noted in any of the 23 patients. Thirteen of the 23 patients underwent computed tomography to evaluate the etiology of their seizures; none had a significant intracerebral or extracerebral hematoma. This review suggests that an early postoperative seizure is unlikely to be due to a postoperative hematoma or to metabolic abnormality. The most common association in this series was with inadequate anticonvulsant prophylaxis. An approach to postoperative seizure prophylaxis and management is presented.
Familial Brain Tumors
Authors: Challa Venkata R. , Goodman Harold O. , Davis Courtland H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We studied two families in each of which three or more individuals were affected by brain tumors. In the first family, which had no evidence of neurofibromatosis or tuberous sclerosis, a man, his sister, and her son developed histologically proven gliomas; the man's great uncle was historically reported to have died from a brain tumor, but the exact nature of the tumor was not known. In this family two of the tumors were low grade astrocytomas of the cerebrum, whereas the third was a mixed glioma of the cerebellum. Karyotypic analysis of this tumor showed no marker chromosomes. A second family had a history of an unusual concentration of brain tumors. In one patient the tumor was a histologically verified glioma. Four other patients had historically reported brain tumors, the descriptions of which suggested gliomas. Both families showed involvement of individuals in adjacent generations, although in both instances there were skipped generations. Twins, siblings, or parents and children are the kindred groups affected in most other reported families with multiple brain tumors. The mode of inheritance of brain tumors in these two families and recent literature on the conditions associated with familial brain tumors are discussed.
Progressive Change in Cerebral Blood Flow during the First Three Weeks after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Meyer Carl H.A. , Lowe Derek , Meyer Marcia , Richardson Peter L. , Neil-Dwyer Glenn 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was estimated from each cerebral hemisphere by the 133Xe inhalation method. Daily estimates were made during the first 3 weeks after subarachnoid hemorrhage (1265 studies in 116 patients). Some of the patients were taking no drugs. CBF was also studied in 67 normal subjects. The resting CBF was related inversely to age not only for normal subjects but also for patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The CBF fell progressively during the first 2 weeks after SAH and was abnormally low throughout the 3 weeks after hemorrhage. For any 1 day after SAH, those patients who were fully alert had the smallest reduction in CBF. The progressive changes in CBF occurred whether or not an aneurysm was present on angiograms. For aneurysms situated to one side of the midline, the changes in CBF affected both sides of the brain. The progressive decline in CBF was least in those patients who subsequently made the best clinical recovery. Arterial CO2 seemed to influence CBF throughout the 3 weeks after SAH. During the 2nd week, CBF was especially low in SAH patients treated with tranexamic acid. The serial changes in CBF are discussed in relation to current views concerning the timing of operation for ruptured aneurysms.
Subchoroidal Trans-Velum Interpositum Approach to Mid-Third Ventricular Tumors
Authors: Lavyne Michael H. , Patterson Russel H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Our experience with the subchoroidal, trans-velum interpositum approach to mid-3rd ventricular tumors is reviewed, and our operative technique is described. Excellent exposure of the mid-3rd ventricle is gained by opening the foramen of Monro posteriorly after dividing the septal vein and/or the thalamostriate vein from the ipsilateral internal cerebral vein. There has been no morbidity or mortality in eight successive cases. The principal advantage of this technique is that the fornix is preserved and memory function is not at risk.
Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis after Closed Head Injury
Authors: Stringer Lynn W. , Peerless S. J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is a rare but often fatal complication of closed head injury. We present a case diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and managed with corticosteroids and anticonvulsants with a favorable outcome. The clinical aspects and CT findings of this disease are discussed.
Post-traumatic Acalculous Cholecystitis on a Neurosurgical Service
Authors: Branch Charles L. , Albertson David A. , Kelly David L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Post-traumatic acalculous cholecystitis is a potentially lethal complication that may develop in patients during hospitalization for trauma. Three case reports illustrate that obscuration of many early diagnostic symptoms and signs may make this complication particularly treacherous in the neurosurgical patient. Suspicion should be aroused by unexplained fever, leukocytosis, elevated serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase values, and developing intolerance to oral or tube feedings. There may be a rapid progression to signs of an acute abdominal condition. Symptoms are most likely to occur 1 week to 1 month after the episode of trauma. Patients of all ages are susceptible. Diagnosis is best confirmed by noninvasive iminodiacetic acid hepatobiliary scanning accompanied by ultrasound or abdominal computed tomographic scanning. The treatment of choice is emergency cholecystectomy. The cause is most likely multifactorial and is probably related to hypotension, sepsis, or biliary stasis with subsequent cystic duct obstruction. Although this disease is rare, its incidence is apparently increasing, and a high index of suspicion is warranted in the neurosurgeon involved in the care of the biliary tract disorder.
Natural History of Microprolactinomas: Six-Year Follow-up
Authors: Weiss Martin H. , Teal James , Gott Peggy , Wycoff Robert , Yadley Richard , Apuzzo Michael L. J. , Giannotta Steven L. , Kletzky Oscar , March Charles 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A 6-year follow-up of patients harboring microprolactinomas suggests that few patients (3 of 27) demonstrate significant growth of their tumor during this time. The major hazard for such patients who are not treated seems to be their risk for the development of premature osteoporosis in the face of sustained hyperprolactinemia. The risks of this complication may exceed the risks of early surgical intervention in selected patients. This short term risk of tumor growth (about 10%) must be weighed in the decision about therapeutic endeavors.