bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element exterior calculus: from Hodge theory to numerical stability
Authors: Arnold Douglas , Falk Richard , Winther Ragnar 
Published: February 2010

This article reports on the confluence of two streams of research, one emanating from the fields of numerical analysis and scientific computation, the other from topology and geometry. In it we consider the numerical discretization of partial differential equations that are related to differential complexes so that de Rham cohomology and Hodge theory are key tools for exploring the well-posedness of the continuous problem. The discretization methods we consider are finite element methods, in which a variational or weak formulation of the PDE problem is approximated by restricting the trial subspace to an appropriately constructed piecewise polynomial subspace. After a brief introduction to finite element methods, we develop an abstract Hilbert space framework for analyzing the stability and convergence of such discretizations. In this framework, the differential complex is represented by a complex of Hilbert spaces, and stability is obtained by transferring Hodge-theoretic structures that ensure well-posedness of the continuous problem from the continuous level to the discrete. We show stable discretization is achieved if the finite element spaces satisfy two hypotheses: they can be arranged into a subcomplex of this Hilbert complex, and there exists a bounded cochain projection from that complex to the subcomplex. In the next part of the paper, we consider the most canonical example of the abstract theory, in which the Hilbert complex is the de Rham complex of a domain in Euclidean space. We use the Koszul complex to construct two families of finite element differential forms, show that these can be arranged in subcomplexes of the de Rham complex in numerous ways, and for each construct a bounded cochain projection. The abstract theory therefore applies to give the stability and convergence of finite element approximations of the Hodge Laplacian. Other applications are considered as well, especially the elasticity complex and its application to the equations of elasticity. Background material is included to make the presentation self-contained for a variety of readers.
Unitary genuine principal series of the metaplectic group
Authors: Pantano Alessandra , Paul Annegret , Salamanca-Riba Susana 
Published: February 2010

This paper presents some recent progress on the classification of the unitary genuine irreducible representations of the metaplectic group

M
p
(
2
n
)

Mp(2n)

. Our focus will be on Langlands quotients of genuine minimal principal series; the main result is an embedding of the set of unitary parameters of such representations into the union of spherical unitary parameters for certain split orthogonal groups. The latter are known from work of D. Barbasch; hence we obtain the non-unitarity of a large (conjecturally complete) set of parameters for Langlands quotients of genuine principal series of

M
p
(
2
n
)

Mp(2n)

.
Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of mortality at 3 months and 1 year in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure
Authors: Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Follath Ferenc , Nieminen Markku S. , Brutsaert Dirk , Dickstein Kenneth , Drexler Helmut , Hochadel Matthias , Komajda Michel , Lopez‐Sendon Jose L. , Ponikowski Piotr , Tavazzi Luigi 
Published: February 2010

AimsAcute heart failure (AHF) has a poor prognosis. We evaluated 3‐ and 12‐month mortality in different clinical classes of AHF patients from 30 European countries who were included in the EuroHeart Failure Survey (EHFS) II.Methods and resultsFollow‐up data were available for 2981 AHF patients, of these 62% had a history of chronic HF. One‐year mortality after discharge was lower in patients with de novo AHF when compared with acutely decompensated chronic HF (ADCHF), 16.4 vs. 23.2% (P < 0.001). Cardiogenic shock conferred the highest cumulative 1‐year mortality (52.9%) as a result of in‐hospital mortality of 39.3%. Long‐term prognosis in decompensated AHF was also dismal. Hypertensive HF was associated with the lowest mortality (13.7% at 1 year). Age, prior myocardial infarction, creatinine level, and low plasma sodium were independently associated with mortality during the whole follow‐up period. Diabetes, anaemia, and history of chronic HF were associated with worse and hypertension with better long‐term survival. History of cerebrovascular disease was associated with worse short‐term outcome.ConclusionEarly and late mortality differ between de novo AHF and ADCHF and between clinical classes of AHF. EHFS II identifies clinical risk markers and demonstrates the importance of a thorough characterization of AHF populations according to history and clinical presentation.
Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of atorvastatin on endoglin expression induced by transforming growth factor‐β1 in cultured cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Shyu Kou‐Gi , Wang Bao‐Wei , Chen Wei‐Jan , Kuan Peiliang , Hung Chi‐Ren 
Published: February 2010

AimsTransforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and endoglin play a causal role in promoting cardiac fibrosis. Atorvastatin has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. However, the effects of statins on TGF‐β1 and endoglin are poorly understood. We therefore sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms of atorvastatin on endoglin expression after TGF‐β1 stimulation in cardiac fibroblasts.Methods and resultsCultured cardiac fibroblasts were obtained from adult male Sprague–Dawley rat hearts. TGF‐β1 stimulation increased endoglin and collagen I expression and atorvastatin inhibited the induction of endoglin and collagen I by TGF‐β1. Phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI‐3) and Akt inhibitors (wortmannin and Akt inhibitor X) completely attenuated the endoglin protein expression induced by TGF‐β1. TGF‐β1 induced phosphorylation of PI‐3 kinase and Akt, while atorvastatin and wortmannin and Akt inhibitor X inhibited the phosphorylation of PI‐3 kinase and Akt induced by TGF‐β1. The gel shift and promoter activity assay showed that TGF‐β1 increased Smad3/4‐binding activity and endoglin promoter activity, while wortmannin and atorvastatin inhibited the Smad3/4‐binding activity and endoglin promoter activity induced by TGF‐β1. TGF‐β1 increased collagen I protein expression, while endoglin siRNA attenuated collagen I protein expression induced by TGF‐β1. Atorvastatin decreased left ventricular TGF‐β1, endoglin, and collagen I protein expression and fibrotic area in a rat model of volume overload heart failure.ConclusionAtorvastatin inhibits endoglin expression through the inhibition of PI‐3 kinase, Akt, and Smad3 phosphorylation, and reduced Smad3/4 binding activity and endoglin promoter activity in cardiac fibroblasts.
The Central Element Protein ZEP1 of the Synaptonemal Complex Regulates the Number of Crossovers during Meiosis in Rice
Authors: Wang Mo , Wang Kejian , Tang Ding , Wei Cunxu , Li Ming , Shen Yi , Chi Zhengchang , Gu Minghong , Cheng Zhukuan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractZEP1, a transverse filament (TF) protein, is the rice (Oryza sativa) homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana ZYP1. In the Tos17-insertional zep1 mutants, homologous chromosomes align along the entire length of the chromosome, but the synaptonemal complex is not assembled in early prophase I. Crossovers are well formed, and 12 bivalents could be detected from diakinesis to metaphase I, which leads to equal chromosomal segregation in anaphase I. Moreover, the number of crossovers has a tendency to be increased compared with that in the wild type. These phenomena are different from the TF mutants identified so far in other organisms. Chiasma terminalization of the bivalent, which occurs frequently in the wild type, seldom occurred in zep1. Transmission electron micrographs and immunodetection using an antibody against ZEP1 showed that ZEP1 is the central element of the synaptonemal complex. Although PAIR2 and MER3 were loaded normally in zep1, their dissociation was delayed severely compared with the wild type. In addition, ZEP1 is reloaded onto chromosomes in early microspores as the chromosome decondense, suggesting that ZEP1 might have other biological functions during this process.
Librarians, professionalism and image: stereotype and reality
Authors: Luthmann Abigail 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the professional role of the librarian, examining the images of presented by professional literature, mass media and popular culture.Design/methodology/approachThe historical development of the library professional is considered. Conceptions of librarians in professional literature, mass media and popular culture are examined. The ongoing dialogue upon the nature of the professional role within the professional press and email discussion lists is also discussed.FindingsImages of librarians within mass media and culture are often positive and heroic whereas images within professional literature tend to reinforce stereotypes.Originality/valueAn examination of the professional role of the librarian, particularly in the UK, considering images and content from the mass media, popular culture and professional literature.
Digital archives and history research: feedback from an end‐user
Authors: Maxwell Alexander 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the mission and implementation of digital libraries from an historian's perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis paper summarizes the abstract qualities that historians look for in their sources, and then compares various digital archives both qualitatively and quantitatively, highlighting design features that enhance or detract from the ease of use.FindingsPreservation is the paramount mission of research libraries. Digital interfaces should contain images of original documents, html text documents hold little interest. Site interfaces should enable users to browse and zoom with minimal mouse clicks. Downloadable viewers should be avoided. Simple browsing is more important than keyword searching. Google Books sets the standard for digital information, and digital librarians can measure their site interface by that yardstick.Originality/valueThis paper provides feedback to administrators of digital libraries. It gives library scientists candid opinions from an intensive end user of digital information, contains several practical suggestions, and explains the reasoning behind those suggestions.
A citation analysis study of MA dissertations in the library and information science field in universities in Tehran
Authors: Riahinia Nosrat 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze citation behaviors of students in the LIS field among a variety of local universities in Tehran.Design/methodology/approachA total of 259 MA dissertations in Library and Information Science submitted to five universities in Tehran during 2003‐2008 are examined. These universities were selected based on their location and the authors' accessibility to their university libraries. Overall, five out of nine universities in Iran which have Masters Courses in Library and Information Science were selected for this study. The data were gathered using a checklist by the author, who personally attended in university libraries and counted all dissertation references.FindingsThe study shows that students' citation behaviors are in favor of books, and Farsi e‐sources are lesser used by LIS students than English e‐sources. The total number of book citations is far more than total number of other formats. While this study could be useful in library acquisition decisions, it could also inform in areas related to issues students face in finding suitable pieces of information.Practical implicationsThis study would be useful for educational and acquisition purposes in university libraries, since it examines citation behavior of students through a specific discipline.Originality/valueThe study deals with MA Library and Information Science dissertations among all universities of Tehran that teach LIS masters courses.
Capacity building for community‐led regeneration
Authors: O'Hare Paul 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of European Union Objective 1 funding on the development and formalisation of a neighbourhood‐based group situated in a regeneration area in the UK. The role, function and impact of a Community Empowerment Network (CEN) (funded by the Labour Government as part of its Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy) is also examined and assessed.Design/methodology/approachThe findings of the paper are informed by a critique of the policy literature and the ways in which “leadership” roles and responsibilities are played out within neighbourhood settings. The empirical research derives from an analysis of the role and practice of CENs in England.FindingsThe paper argues that the external initiatives restrict the autonomy and independence of community based groups. Furthermore, the paper makes the point that such externally driven programmes are often located within neighbourhoods with little reference to identifying the needs or priorities of residents.Research limitations/implicationsThere are important lessons here for policy makers and practitioners in public policy to reflect upon. The paper seeks to draw connections between the literature on community development and planning/regeneration management. These links are important to sustain and to open the discussion to a broader audience of researchers and practice managers.Practical implicationsThe paper raises questions concerning how local residents/groups can be facilitated into articulating their needs and exercising agency in terms of changing the decision‐making/resource allocation processes.Originality/valueThe paper adds to understanding the practice of empowerment networks.
The Third Sector, regeneration and sustainable communities
Authors: Smith Amanda 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the ways in which concepts of regeneration, sustainability and the Third Sector (TS) are understood and expressed in the policy priorities of the Labour Government in the UK. The paper locates this discussion in the context of a small community action group in Nottingham and seeks to explore the ways in which the experience of activists and practitioners see their “world” as being congruent with that of the “world” represented in the policy literature.Design/methodology/approachThe paper combines an analysis of the policy literature and a discussion on the theoretical and conceptual ideas implicit in the programmes with data collected through observation and interview of key activists involved in the group.FindingsThe paper suggests that while small‐scale TS organisations can play an important part in the regeneration/sustainability agenda as a result of their size, values and flexibility it is these values which are at risk given the underlying ideological approach of the reform agenda.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides a snap shot of experience and situates that practice in the theoretical/conceptual literature and so raises some important questions for practitioners as well as researchers.Practical implicationsThe paper has direct relevance for TS agencies and researchers.Originality/valueThe paper points to the conflict and tension between local/community‐based organisations in which ideas of trust and ethical decision making are negotiated differently compared to public sector agencies.
The changing framework for conservation of the historic environment
Authors: Hudson John , James Philip 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe paper seeks to examine the background to the UK Government White Paper on the conservation of the built environment, and particularly to identify drivers for legislative change and possible consequences of new legislation for conservation practice.Design/methodology/approachA critical review is undertaken of major trends in conservation and management of the historic built environment that may affect future conservation legislation.FindingsThree major trends are identified: the development of holistic landscape‐based approaches to conservation; the widening of heritage values to include those of particular groups and communities as well as those based on academic disciplines; and a shift from control‐based approaches to conservation towards those based on dynamic management of change. Each of these trends presents opportunities and challenges in framing of legislation and policy.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a wide and fast‐developing field. The UK Government's proposals for legislation are not yet in place and the framework for debate may change.Practical implicationsThere has been a long period of stability and consolidation in the legal framework for conservation of the historic built environment. It is likely that we are moving towards a period of accelerating change in which accepted values may be challenged and new skills may be required.Originality/valueThe paper draws together a diverse set of themes that are likely to affect the future development of conservation legislation.
Challenges and opportunities of e‐government in South Africa
Authors: Mutula Stephen M. , Mostert Janneke 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present challenges and opportunities of e‐government implementation in South Africa with special reference to service delivery and implications for libraries.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on an in‐depth literature review from government documents, presidential state of the nation addresses, global and nation reports on e‐government, and reports on service delivery concerns in South Africa.FindingsThe Government of South Africa has put in place enabling policies, poverty alleviation programmes, ICT infrastructures and regulatory frameworks which as yet have not been effectively leveraged to enhance service delivery to its citizens. Furthermore, libraries have yet to make any attempts to benefit from the emergence of e‐government in South Africa.Practical implicationsThere is a need to infuse an e‐government ethos in poverty alleviation programmes in order to enhance service delivery. At the moment there is a lack of synergy between the two in South Africa. Additionally, South African ICT infrastructure is under‐utilised to enhance service delivery. Libraries have the opportunity using e‐government infrastructure to improve the provision of information services to the people.Originality/valueService delivery remains a priority for the post‐apartheid South African government, and the paper reveals that a disconnect exists between the e‐government vision and the poverty alleviation programmes aimed at enhancing the standard of living of the people. Libraries in South Africa have yet to leverage e‐government to provide information services and the paper may assist them in doing so.
Computer literacy skills of librarians: a case study of Isfahan University libraries, Iran
Authors: Safahieh Hajar , Asemi Asefeh 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the level of computer literacy skills of librarians in the University of Isfahan, Iran and attempts to examine their avenue of computer literacy, software used, benefits derived from computer and problems militating against effective usage of computers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a survey research approach to carry out this investigation.FindingsThe investigation reveals that the majority of the librarians do not yet possess a good level of computer skills and even their long duration experience of computer use has not necessarily improved their level of computer literacy.Practical implicationsThe findings can be utilized by library managers in order to organize and offer regular training programmes to train or re‐train librarians with the latest advancement of information technology.Originality/valueThe paper provides insight into the state of computer literacy of librarians in one of the public universities in Iran. This shows the urgent need for the librarians to be adequately equipped with the computer skills to take advantage of all computerized library facilities.
Public relations in Nigerian university libraries
Authors: Nwezeh Chinwe M.T. 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of what public relations in university libraries encompasses. This is especially important in the digital age. Information has economic value and requires an information marketplace in which such value can be exchanged. The paper also aims to educate librarians, information managers/analysts and the library clientele/public about the various benefits associated with public relations and marketing of library services.Design/methodology/approachAfter a literature review of available resources (academic literature, journal articles, and books) the benefits associated with public relations in organizations – libraries being client‐oriented organizations – are investigated by means of a questionnaire survey administered to 180 students at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile‐Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.FindingsFrom the findings contained in 150 returned questionnaires, it was discovered that some 40 per cent of students do not know where to locate materials in their disciplines within the University's Hezekiah Oluwasanmi Library. An even higher number have a poor opinion of the library staff competences. This points to the fact that the library's marketing and promotional efforts were not enough to attract the attention of the library patrons. The library needs to take on a greater role in this respect and use its ICT capabilities more.Originality/valueThe paper increases the understanding of what public relations encompasses and how it can be utilized by librarians and information managers/analysts in discharging their mandate of information provision. The ideas and discussions put forth may give the librarians/managers new insights into the provision of public relations services in their libraries. The study makes recommendations concerning the marketing of library resources in order to create awareness and enhance the library's visibility. It also advocates that the library's web site should be used in promoting library services and activities.
Use of electronic information resources and facilities by humanities scholars
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Mahmood Khalid , Shafique Farzana 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the use of electronic information resources and facilities by humanities scholars at the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey of faculty from arts and humanities departments at the University of the Punjab was conducted. In total, 62 faculty and research staff participated.FindingsThe results correspond with previous studies conducted in other countries. The humanists still stick to the printed information sources but they pay good attention to electronic resources. Most of them have access to computer and internet at office and home. They are regular users of a variety of electronic technologies. Although faced with many problems, the humanists perceive that modern technology made their work easier.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based only on the humanities faculty in a large university of Pakistan. The survey should be replicated on a larger sample for generalization.Practical implicationsKeeping in view the positive trend of humanists towards modern technology, universities and libraries should give more funding to provide electronic resources and facilities in the arts and humanities discipline. Special training programmes for humanists should be organized.Originality/valueThis is the first study on this topic in Pakistan. The results can be useful to design services and facilities in humanities libraries and information centres in Pakistan and other developing countries.