bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regression models for average hazard
Authors: Uno Hajime , Tian Lu , Horiguchi Miki , Hattori Satoshi , Kehl Kenneth L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Limitations of using the traditional Cox’s hazard ratio for summarizing the magnitude of the treatment effect on time-to-event outcomes have been widely discussed, and alternative measures that do not have such limitations are gaining attention. One of the alternative methods recently proposed, in a simple 2-sample comparison setting, uses the average hazard with survival weight (AH), which can be interpreted as the general censoring-free person-time incidence rate on a given time window. In this paper, we propose a new regression analysis approach for the AH with a truncation time τ. We investigate 3 versions of AH regression analysis, assuming (1) independent censoring, (2) group-specific censoring, and (3) covariate-dependent censoring. The proposed AH regression methods are closely related to robust Poisson regression. While the new approach needs to require a truncation time τ explicitly, it can be more robust than Poisson regression in the presence of censoring. With the AH regression approach, one can summarize the between-group treatment difference in both absolute difference and relative terms, adjusting for covariates that are associated with the outcome. This property will increase the likelihood that the treatment effect magnitude is correctly interpreted. The AH regression approach can be a useful alternative to the traditional Cox’s hazard ratio approach for estimating and reporting the magnitude of the treatment effect on time-to-event outcomes.
White Nationalism, Politically Motivated Reasoning and Americans’ Attitudes About Criminally Charging Donald Trump
Authors: Sloan Melissa M , Haner Murat , Pickett Justin T , Cullen Francis T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
On 19 December 2022, the United States House Select Committee referred former president Donald Trump to the Department of Justice for criminal prosecution. Subsequently, Mr. Trump was indicted four times and charged with 91 felonies. Nevertheless, some Americans have remained steadfast in supporting him. Observers theorize that indifference to Mr. Trump’s wrongdoing reflects white nationalism and politically motivated reasoning. We test this theory using experimental data from a national survey fielded before any public hearings or charges. Our analyses reveal that Americans who endorse white nationalism and those who hold right-wing political views are more likely to oppose criminal charges. Furthermore, the relationship between white nationalism and attitudes about criminally charging Mr. Trump is indirect, through identification with the political right.
Growing up with juvenile vulvar lichen sclerosus: the experiences and care needs of adult women with lichen sclerosus since childhood – a qualitative exploration
Authors: Morrel Beth , Kampherbeek H Janneke , ten Kate-Booij Marianne J , van der Avoort Irene A M , van Hees Colette L M , Wigny Kiki M G J , Burger Curt W , Pasmans Suzanne G M A , Lugtenberg Marjolein 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic remitting condition that affects the genital skin of females of all ages. Although qualitative studies have been conducted that have focused on women with VLS in mid-life or beyond, less is known about the experiences of individuals with VLS from childhood or adolescence onward.

Objectives
To gain an understanding of the experiences of women with a history of juvenile VLS (JVLS) with regard to the impact of the disease on their personal lives, and their experiences and needs regarding care and guidance.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted consisting of 27 in-depth face-to-face interviews with adult women with a histologically confirmed history of JVLS, striving for maximum variation and saturation. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thorough thematic content analysis was performed.

Results
Three main themes were identified. Theme 1 was named ‘Varying impact of living with JVLS’: women experienced diverse emotional and physical impacts, from shame and denial to complete acceptance, from restrictions in daily functioning to no limitations; they felt hindered by their own lack of knowledge about JVLS and generally expressed positivity in sharing their experiences with people close to them. Theme 2 was entitled ‘Finding one’s way in care and guidance’: while navigating care and guidance, women often felt hindered by knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals (HCPs), lack of continuity in care and guidance, lack of life phase-adjusted and future-oriented information provision, inadequate guidance around life events and insufficient monitoring of determinants of treatment adherence. Theme 3 was named ‘Need for patient-tailored care involving appropriate and compassionate care and guidance’: patients stressed the need for age-appropriate and life phase-adjusted information, guidance around life events and compassionate contact with knowledgeable HCPs aware of the determinants of treatment adherence and influencing factors.

Conclusions
Age-appropriate, life phase-adjusted, individually tailored care for women diagnosed with VLS in childhood or adolescence is needed. Care and guidance from childhood onward should encompass a standard of care adapted to the individual as their needs change over time. This involves taking interpersonal differences into account, including differences in support network and coping strategies. These findings demonstrate the need to improve awareness and knowledge about JVLS/VLS among HCPs, especially primary care providers, and among the general public.
The odor of a nontoxic tetrodotoxin analog, 5,6,11-trideoxytetrodotoxin, is detected by specific olfactory sensory neurons of the green spotted puffers
Authors: Suzuki Takehisa , Nakahigashi Ryota , Adachi Masaatsu , Nishikawa Toshio , Abe Hideki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Toxic puffers accumulate tetrodotoxin (TTX), a well-known neurotoxin, by feeding on TTX-bearing organisms and using it to defend themselves from predators. Our previous studies have demonstrated that toxic puffers are attracted to 5,6,11-trideoxytetrodotoxin (TDT), a nontoxic TTX analog that is simultaneously accumulated with TTX in toxic puffers and their prey. In addition, activity labeling using immunohistochemistry targeting neuronal activity marker suggests that TDT activates crypt olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) of the green spotted puffer. However, it remains to be determined whether individual crypt OSNs can physiologically respond to TDT. By employing electroporation to express GCaMP6s in OSNs, we successfully identified a distinct group of oval OSNs that exhibited a specific calcium response when exposed to TDT in green spotted puffers. These oval OSNs showed no response to amino acids (AAs), which serve as food odor cues for teleosts. Furthermore, oval morphology and surface positioning of TDT-sensitive OSNs in the olfactory epithelium closely resemble that of crypt OSNs. These findings further substantiate that TDT is specifically detected by crypt OSNs in green spotted puffer. The TDT odor may act as a chemoattractant for finding conspecific toxic puffers and for feeding TTX-bearing organisms for effective toxification.
Cost-effectiveness of population screening for aortic stenosis
Authors: Motazedian Pouya , Prosperi-Porta Graeme , Hibbert Benjamin , Jalal Hawre , Labinaz Marino , Burwash Ian G , Abdel-Razek Omar , Di Santo Pietro , Simard Trevor , Wells George , Coyle Doug 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a progressive disease predominantly affecting elderly patients that carries significant morbidity and mortality without aortic valve replacement, the only proven treatment. Our objective was to determine the cost-effectiveness of AS screening using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in a geriatric population from the perspective of the publicly funded healthcare system in Canada.

Methods and results
Markov models estimating the cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for AS screening with a one-time TTE were developed. The model included diagnosed and undiagnosed AS health states, hospitalizations, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and post-TAVR health states. Primary analysis included screening at 70 and 80 years of age with intervention at symptom onset, with scenario analysis included for early intervention at the time of severe asymptomatic AS diagnosis. Monte Carlo simulation of 5000 replications was completed with a lifetime horizon and a 1.5% discount for costs and outcomes.Screening for AS at the age of 70 years was associated with an ICER of $156 722, and screening at 80 years of age was associated with an ICER of $28 005, suggesting that screening at 80 years of age is cost-effective when willingness-to-pay per QALY is $50 000. Scenario analysis with early intervention was not cost-effective, with an ICER of $142 157 at 70 years and $124 651 at 80 years.

Conclusion
Screening for AS at 80 years of age with a one-time TTE, in a Canadian population, improves quality of life and is cost-effective in a publicly funded healthcare system providing, TAVR is reserved for symptomatic patients.
What’s in a Name? Tracing the Origins of Alfred’s ‘the Great’
Authors: Firth Matthew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
King Alfred (r. 871–99) is the only native-born English ruler to have gained the byname ‘the Great’. This was not a contemporary sobriquet, but is often considered to have been bestowed in the Elizabethan era by Reformation scholars who increasingly cast Alfred in the role of the founder of the English nation. The acknowledged exception is a reference to Alfred as Rex Alfredus magnus (King Alfred the Great) in a marginal annotation in Matthew Paris’s early thirteenth-century text, Deeds of the Abbots of St Albans Monastery. This medieval attestation of Alfred’s sobriquet is, however, less isolated than has been previously thought. Drawing on a variety of medieval English and Old Norse-Icelandic texts, this article identifies twenty-five examples of Alfred being called ‘the Great’, twenty-three of which have previously gone unremarked. In so doing, it argues for a widespread tradition of Alfred as ‘the Great’, the first sole ruler of all England, from at least the thirteenth century.
Astyanax mexicanus surface and cavefish chromosome-scale assemblies for trait variation discovery
Authors: Warren Wesley C , Rice Edward S , X Maggs , Roback Emma , Keene Alex , Martin Fergal , Ogeh Denye , Haggerty Leanne , Carroll Rachel A , McGaugh Suzanne , Rohner Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The ability of organisms to adapt to sudden extreme environmental changes produces some of the most drastic examples of rapid phenotypic evolution. The Mexican Tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, is abundant in the surface waters of northeastern Mexico, but repeated colonizations of cave environments have resulted in the independent evolution of troglomorphic phenotypes in several populations. Here, we present three chromosome-scale assemblies of this species, for one surface and two cave populations, enabling the first whole-genome comparisons between independently evolved cave populations to evaluate the genetic basis for the evolution of adaptation to the cave environment. Our assemblies represent the highest quality of sequence completeness with predicted protein-coding and noncoding gene metrics far surpassing prior resources and, to our knowledge, all long-read assembled teleost genomes, including zebrafish. Whole-genome synteny alignments show highly conserved gene order among cave forms in contrast to a higher number of chromosomal rearrangements when compared with other phylogenetically close or distant teleost species. By phylogenetically assessing gene orthology across distant branches of amniotes, we discover gene orthogroups unique to A. mexicanus. When compared with a representative surface fish genome, we find a rich amount of structural sequence diversity, defined here as the number and size of insertions and deletions as well as expanding and contracting repeats across cave forms. These new more complete genomic resources ensure higher trait resolution for comparative, functional, developmental, and genetic studies of drastic trait differences within a species.
QTL analysis of divergent floral morphology traits between Gilia yorkii and G. capitata
Authors: DeTemple Joseph M , Chitwood Daniel H , Mosquera Veronica , Whipple Clinton J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Speciation is a complex process typically accompanied by significant genetic and morphological differences between sister populations. In plants, divergent floral morphologies and pollinator differences can result in reproductive isolation between populations. Here, we explore floral trait differences between two recently diverged species, Gilia yorkii and G. capitata. The distributions of floral traits in parental, F1, and F2 populations are compared, and groups of correlated traits are identified. We describe the genetic architecture of floral traits through a quantitative trait locus analysis using an F2 population of 187 individuals. While all identified quantitative trait locus were of moderate (10–25%) effect, interestingly, most quantitative trait locus intervals were non-overlapping, suggesting that, in general, traits do not share a common genetic basis. Our results provide a framework for future identification of genes involved in the evolution of floral morphology.
Nonlinear seismic response analysis of slopes considering the coupled effect of slope geometry and soil stratigraphy
Authors: Li Yiming , Wang Guoxin , Ding Yang 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
To investigate the effects of slope geometric parameters and soil stratigraphic properties on the topographic amplification of ground motions, a large number of 2-D horizontally layered slope models are constructed. First, the linear and nonlinear seismic responses of a slope model are compared, and the result shows that the nonlinear characteristics of soils should be considered when studying the amplifying effect of slope topography on ground motions. Then, the nonlinear seismic responses of these slope models are analysed from four aspects: the maximum shear strain in the slopes, the effects of geometry and stratigraphy on the seismic response, the distance between the maximum topographic amplification indicators and the slope crest, and the influence range of slope topography behind the slope crest. The results indicate that the amplifying effect of slope topography on ground motions increases with increasing slope height or decreasing average shear wave velocity of the overlying soil layers. Besides, the variation of the topographic amplification effect with slope gradient is significantly influenced by soil stratigraphic properties. The distance between the maximum topographic amplification indicators and the slope crest is mainly in the range of 0–60 m, and the influence range of slope topography behind the slope crest is mainly in the range of 0–150 m. Subsequently, approximate relations are derived based on regression analyses of simulation results, which can provide meaningful references for the seismic design and seismic retrofitting of engineering structures behind the slope crest. Finally, the effects of slope geometric parameters and soil stratigraphic properties on ground motion modifications are further evaluated according to the prediction curves provided by the approximate relations.
Men’s peer support for mental health challenges: future directions for research and practice
Authors: Sharp Paul , Zhu Patricia , Ogrodniczuk John S , McKenzie Sarah K , Seidler Zac E , Rice Simon M , Oliffe John L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Peer support has a long history of helping people navigate mental health challenges and is increasingly utilized within men’s mental health promotion initiatives. Despite considerable research conceptualizing and evaluating peer support in various contexts, little is known about the gendered dimensions of men’s peer support and mutual help for mental health. This article provides an empirically informed commentary on men’s peer support and informal help-seeking preferences to make recommendations for future directions for research and practice. Research examining men’s peer support is emergent and the available evidence suggests that there is potential to conceptually align with many men’s values and preferences for mental health help-seeking. Peer support offers a non-clinical, strength-based adjunct to professional support that may aid men in navigating a range of mental health challenges. Consideration must be given to the influence of gender socialization and men’s diverse experiences with developing and maintaining peer relationships. It should not be assumed that authentic and supportive relationships will naturally form when men congregate together. As a growing number of interventions and programs emerge targeted at boys and men, there are important opportunities to leverage these health promotion efforts to encourage and coach men to engage in mutual help. Opportunities for research and practice are discussed to better understand and harness the health-promoting potential of peer support for men’s mental health.
An Inflection Point or Business as Usual? Secessionism as State Contestation in Ukraine
Authors: Sanjaume-Calvet Marc , Daniels Lesley-Ann 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Does the Russian war in Ukraine presage a change in the rules of the game for secessionisms around the globe? In this article, we explore how the Russian war in Ukraine and the contested international order from which it emerges can affect state contestation and secessionist movements through changing opportunities in the international order. International recognition plays a crucial role in state creation. The Great Powers of a given historical moment have the capacity to raise sovereignty expectations since having “friends in high places” has been essential to obtaining statehood, alongside de facto control of the territory. However, the liberal international order in place since 1945 has given way to a more contested landscape that opens new opportunities for different recognition patterns, which change how secessionists evaluate their optimal strategy for state contestation. The effects have already been notable in conflicts such as Transnistria, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Kosovo, and many other territorial disputes, even “frozen conflicts” over the globe, from Western Sahara to Taiwan. We explore how Russia has created and exploited secessionist claims in eastern Ukraine to justify military aims in the Russian war in Ukraine. Based on a detailed review of the evolution of these claims, we draw different scenarios on the potential effects of a changing world order on state contestation. Our research suggests that the theoretical understanding of secession and secessionists’ optimal strategies need to be reviewed, taking into account the changing contested international order.
A Realist Ethos of Resistance in Global Politics
Authors: Franceschet Antonio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Realism is conventionally understood as coldly accepting the powerful dominating the weak. Reversing this image, I argue that Realism contains an implicit ethos of resistance. Drawing on a recent scholarship on the historical complexity and diversity of classical Realism in international relations (IR), this article uncovers this ethos by focusing on three shifts of perspective: (1) from an extreme to moderate view of power politics; (2) from naturalizing the status quo to envisaging progressive change; and (3) from a horizontal view of politics among nations (or other horizontally situated entities) to a global image of power politics. I then explore how these shifts exist in a different scholarship, the emergence of a so-called new Realism in political theory. The article builds a conversation between classical Realism in IR and the new Realist philosopher Bernard Williams’ work, finding that both articulate an ethos of legitimate resistance to domination. The significance of the Realist ethos is that it challenges stereotyped images of the tradition justifying domination and injustices, and it inserts and positions a Realist voice in recent debates over human rights to resist in global politics.
Global Hierarchies and Unequal Pressures in the Report-Making of Truth Commissions
Authors: Menzel Anne , Salehi Mariam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this analytical essay, we situate truth commissions as relevant sites for International Relations (IR) research, in particular on professional communities and knowledge hierarchies. With an empirical focus on report-making, we argue that there is a need to rethink and revise established professional community concepts. While these concepts stress professional communities’ detachment from mundane pressures, we suggest a “pressure lens” to better grasp the key dynamics of expert knowledge production. Based on in-depth interpretive research on three truth commissions—in Sierra Leone, Kenya, and Tunisia—we set out to identify key dynamics in the report-making of truth commissions that contribute to the gap between high expectations and sobering realities regarding truth commissions as “victim-centred” policy instruments. Understanding the dynamics at play requires us to pay attention to unequal pressures—such as time and funding pressures, powerholder interference, and demands voiced by victims and survivors—that bear on the work of experts and professionals who produce truth commission reports. We argue that these pressures and, crucially, the ways in which they tend to play out under conditions of coloniality, are expressions of global hierarchies that shape professional report-making work.
The role of geophysics in geologic hydrogen resources
Authors: Zhang Mengli , Li Yaoguo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Transition to cleaner energy sources is crucial for reducing carbon emissions to zero. Among these new clean energy types, there is a growing awareness of the potential for naturally occurring geologic hydrogen (H2) as a primary energy resource that can be readily introduced into the existing energy supply. It is anticipated that geophysics will play a critical role in such endeavors. There are two major different types of geologic H2. One is natural H2 (referred to as gold H2), which is primarily accumulating naturally in reservoirs in certain geological setting; and the other is stimulated H2 (referred to as orange H2), which is produced artificially from source rocks through chemical and physical stimulations. We will first introduce geophysics in geologic H2 in comparison and contrast to the scenarios of blue and green H2. We will then discuss the significance of geophysics in both natural H2 and stimulated H2 in term of both exploration and monitoring tools. Comparing and contrasting the current geophysical tools in hydrocarbon exploration and production, we envision the innovative geophysical technologies and strategies for geologic H2 resources based on our current understanding of both natural and stimulated geologic hydrogen systems. The strategies for H2 exploration will involve a shift from reservoir- to source rock-centered approaches. Last, we believe that the geophysical methods including integration of multi-geophysics, efficient data acquisition, and machine learning in geologic H2 could be potentially provide sufficient new directions and significant opportunities to pursue research for the next one or two decades.