bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Normal Platelet Count and Platelet Factor 3 Availability in Some Nigerian Population Groups
Authors: Essien E. M. , Usanga E. A. , Ayeni O. 
Published: August 2010

As part of a study to establish the normal values of haemostatic parameters in Nigeria, we have found that among blood donors aged 18–45 years, the mean normal platelet count as determined by phase contrast microscopy was 186, 740/μl (± 94, 000) or in round numbers, 190, 000/μl ± 90, 000. These donors were almost all peasant farmers and represent the bulk of the Nigerian population. Among ‘elite’ Nigerians (doctors, senior civil servants etc.) however, the mean count was 218, 100/μl (± 100, 000) (220, 000/μl ± 100, 000); the difference in the counts between both groups is statistically significant. Thus the ‘normal’ platelet count in the bulk of the Nigerian population is significantly lower than usually accepted values.An assessment of the functional capacity of the blood donor platelets by platelet factor‐3 availability suggests that, compared with a control group, donor platelets make their platelet factor‐3 more readily available for coagulation and may thus compensate for their relatively low circulating number.
Effects of Adrenergic Alpha‐ and Beta‐Receptor Stimulation on the Release of Lymphocytes and Granulocytes from the Spleen
Authors: Ernström Ulf , Sandberg Göran 
Published: August 2010

The effects of adrenergicα‐and β‐receptor stimulating and blocking drugs on the splenic release of white cells into the blood were studied in guinea pigs. Furthermore, the effect of chemical sympathectomy was investigated. The release of white cells from the spleen was measured by the comparison between the cellular content in splenic afferent and efferent blood. The determination of the splenic blood flow with the xenon 133 clearance method enabled calculation of the number of white cells released from the spleen per min.Within 5 min after administration, noradrenaline (NA) and isoproterenol resulted in an increased splenic veno‐arterial difference in number of lymphocytes and granulocytes. As the splenic blood flow was not significantly altered, this indicates that the two drugs markedly increase the release of white cells from the spleen. NA also increased the number of lymphocytes per μl of arterial blood and the arterial haematocrit.The effects of NA were blocked by phentolamine and the effects of isoproterenol were blocked by propranolol. Propranolol, phentolamine, or chemical sympathectomy did not abolish the splenic veno‐arterial difference in cellular content found in control animals.The results indicate that the basic release of splenic lymphocytes occurring in normal guinea pigs is independent of adrenergic innervation and stimulation, and that specific adrenergic stimulation ofα‐or β‐receptors causes a considerable mobilization of lymphocytes and granulocytes from the spleen.
Human Platelet Aggregation by Thrombofax® An Electron‐Microscopic Study of the Sequence of Events
Authors: Clerck F. de , Borgers M. , Vermylen J. , de Gaetano G. 
Published: August 2010

The ultrastructural changes and the kinetics of 14C‐serotonin release during the adhesion‐aggregation reaction of human platelets induced by Thrombofax® (Ortho Pharmaceuticals), a commercial cephalin prepared as an ether extract of acetone dried bovine brain, were analyzed.The initial phase of interaction of Thrombofax with platelets is characterized by the development of adhesion sites on normally shaped cells; thereafter, loss of discoid shape, pseudopod formation and inward movement of granules, surrounded by a circumferential bundle of microtubules, become apparent. Measurements of 14C‐serotonin release show that these ultrastructural changes precede the release reaction. The later stages which are detectable turbidometrically and which only occur in stirred samples and in the absence of release inhibitors, are characterized mainly by large aggregate formation, platelet degranulation and strong release of 14‐C‐serotonin.
Studies on Plasma Coagulation and Fibrinolysis during Oral Contraception of Various Types With Special Reference to Cold Activation of Factor VII
Authors: Gjönnæss Halvard , Fagerhol Magne K. 
Published: August 2010

Various coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters and proteinase inhibitors were studied in plasma samples from 72 women treated with oral contraceptives. Anovlar® was given to 40 women, Sequens® to 21, and the progestogen Ro‐3129 to 11.The most impressive observation was the marked effect of oestrogen treatment on the extrinsic coagulation system. Notably the cold activation of factor VII was influenced by the oestrogens, increasing the incidence in this series from about 9 % to about 65 %. Progestogen treatment had no such effect.This effect of oestrogen treatment was additional to changes in the concentrations of fibrinogen, factors II‐VII‐X, VIII, IX, and antithrombin III, that were in accordance with earlier reports. The concentration of C'l‐inactivator of complement decreased.Also for plasminogen and plasminogen proactivator the concentrations increased as a result of oestrogen treatment.The in vivo importance of the changes is discussed, and it is suggested that cold activation of factor VII may indicate an increased tendency towards intravascular coagulation.
Failed Schilling Tests
Authors: Chanarin I. , Waters D. A. W. 
Published: August 2010

21 % of 228 tests for vitamin B12 absorption were unsatisfactory because of a discrepancy between the result obtained by the urinary excretion method and by the measurement of plasma radioactivity.The usual error was recording a too low value for the urinary excretion because of incomplete urine collection or impaired renal function. In all these cases the plasma radioactivity was within the normal range. In 4 patients plasma radioactivity was too low but urinary excretion normal.
The Radner Needle a Bone‐Marrow Biopsy Device
Authors: Dombernowsky Per , Worm Anne‐Marie , Hainau Bo , Hansen Heine H. , Nissen Nis I. 
Published: August 2010

Experience gained in 2000 bone‐marrow biopsies performed by means of the Radner needle is reported. The site for the biopsies was in all cases the posterior superior iliac crest. The technique is routinely used in patients with haematological disorders, such as leukaemia and malignant lymphomata, or with solid tumours.Technically, the Radner needle is easy and simple to use, and in nearly all cases it has yielded ideal specimens for histological examination.The only complications encountered were slight pain and a small haematoma at the biopsy site in a few cases.The method is recommended for routine use simultaneously with bone‐marrow aspiration.
The Action of Erythropoietin on Erythroid Cells in vitro
Authors: Silver Ruth K. , Erslev Allan J. 
Published: August 2010

The in vitro action of erythropoietin on erythroid cells from bone marrow of adult rabbits was explored utilizing a plasma clot medium which enabled the study of the development of erythroid colonies from single cells. Bone marrows from normal, polycythaemic, bleeding anaemic and haemolytic anaemic rabbits were cultured with and without erythropoietin, and colonies were identified and enumerated on days 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12.Daily observations of erythropoietin‐enriched cultures from normal rabbits revealed continuous emergence and disappearance of erythroid colonies for up to three weeks. Periodic examination of stained preparations led to the following conclusions: 1) The continuous emergence in erythropoietin‐enriched media of early colonies throughout the period of observation supports the hypothesis that one action of erythropoietin is to cause blast transformation of stem cells to proerythroblasts. 2) Prolonged erythropoietic stimulation appears to increase the total number of erythropoietin‐committed stem cells. 3) Since the speed of maturation appeared to be more rapid in erythropoietin‐enriched cultures from chronic haemolytic rabbits, it seems possible that prolonged erythropoietic stress causes the formation of stem cells with an altered proliferative potential. 4) There appeared to be little, if any, effect of erythropoietin on maturing erythroid cells as shown by the lack of increase in numbers or size of late erythroid colonies in erythropoietin‐enriched cultures from rabbits exposed to a brief period of erythropoietic suppression or stimulation.
In Vitro Inhibition of Endotoxin Induced Platelet Aggregation with Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate (Solu‐Cortef®)
Authors: Nelson Wm. R. , Taylor Glen A. 
Published: August 2010

Citrated canine platelet rich plasma stimulated with ADP, thrombin, collagen and E. coli endotoxin demonstrated platelet aggregation when measured with Payton aggregometer. Following incubation with hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Solu‐Cortef®) the same platelet rich plasma did not undergo platelet aggregation when stimulated by these agents.Solu‐Cortef added to platelet rich plasma during ATP, thrombin, collagen and endotoxin stimulated platelet aggregation resulted in a reversal of the optical density suggesting deaggregation. These in vitro observations support the beneficial effects observed when steroids are administered in vivo to experimental or clinical shock.
Amino Acid Concentrations in Plasma and Erythrocytes in Aregeneratory and Haemolytic Anaemias
Authors: Seip Martin , Lindemann Rolf , Gjesdahl Per , Gjessing Leiv R. 
Published: August 2010

The concentrations of unbound amino acids in erythrocytes and in plasma from 7 normal individuals, 11 patients with various types of aregeneratory anaemia, and 4 patients with hereditary haemolytic anaemias were determined on a Technicon Amino Acid Analyzer (Perry et al 1970).Most amino acids were normally found in higher concentrations in plasma than intracellularly. Cystine, methionine and tryptophan were almost exclusively present in plasma. Aspartic acid, however, was mainly found in erythrocytes, and glutathione only in erythrocytes. Glutamic acid and ornithine were more concentrated in the cells, while glycine and asparagine showed approximately the same concentrations in erythrocytes as in plasma.In the patients, plasma amino acids showed little deviations from normal, but in the erythrocytes there were striking changes. Erythrocyte glutamic acid concentrations were moderately to markedly elevated in all patients studied, and glycine concentrations in 13 out of 15 patients. In addition, the following amino acids were increased intracellularly in more than one patient: glutamine (8 patients), serine (7), asparagine (5), threonine (4), taurine (3), alanine (2), valine (2), ornithine (2), lysine (2), citrulline (2). Aspartic acid was decreased in erythrocytes from 4 patients with aregeneratory and 1 with haemolytic anaemia.
Haematopoietic Defects of W/Wv Mice Studied with the Spleen Colony, Agar Colony, and Diffusion Chamber Techniques
Authors: Benestad H. B. , Bøyum A. , Warhuus K. 
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow progenitor cells from anaemic W/Wv mice were compared with normal +/+ cells utilizing the spleen colony, the agar colony and the diffusion chamber techniques. Spleen colony formation from W/Wv cells was markedly defective, and more so for erythroid than for granuloid colonies. The progenitor cell concentration was apparently normal as measured by the two other techniques. The concentration of circulating progenitor cells also seemed to be normal. On the other hand, the cell formation per progenitor cell was subnormal in all three assay systems. The initial proliferative response of W/Wv spleen colony‐formers and agar colony‐formers to short‐term diffusion chamber culturing was apparently normal. The incorporation of 3H‐thymidine, related to the number of proliferative granulocytes present in the chambers, also seemed to be normal.The results indicate that the W/Wv defect is not limited to the multipotent stem cells. A possible interpretation is that it is the capacity for continued self‐renewal of immature cells that is defective.
Ultrastructural Study of Bone Marrow‐Derived Granulocytic Colonies in Diffusion Chambers in Rats
Authors: Ben‐Ishay Zina 
Published: August 2010

An ultrastructural study of diffusion chamber granulocytic colonies is reported. The colonies were derived from normal rat bone marrow cells and the chambers were inserted into the peritoneal cavity of lethally irradiated rats.The colonies were processed en bloc for electron microscopy enabling observation of cellular relationship to be made. Ultrastructural analysis of colonies disclosed normal maturing cells at all stages of maturation, with the exception of occasional granulocytes of neutrophil type that presented narrow strips of chromatin (‘nuclear blebs’). The cells in colonies generally occurred in close apposition to one another and to occasional macrophages. This organization possibly enhanced transmission of factors of maturation.Advantages of diffusion chamber haematopoietic cultures are discussed; among the most important are the occurrence of fibroblasts originating from implanted marrow cells and the local formation of fibrin within the chambers.
Allogeneic Marrow Transplantation for the Treatment of Leukaemia
Authors: Alvegård T. A. , Herzig G. P. , Graw R. G. 
Published: August 2010

22 HL‐A antigen and mixed leukocyte culture‐matched sibling bone marrow transplants were attempted in patients with acute leukaemia (at the National Cancer Institute) to define the toxicities of four different immunosuppressive regimens, the complications associated with warrow engraftment and antileukaemic effect. 73% (16/22) were engrafted as indicated by a change to donor red blood cells (RBC) type, leukocyte, immunoglobulin allotype or by the speed of marrow repopulation and the occurrence of the Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD). 12 of 16 (75%) successful engrafted patients developed GVHD.The current published results of clinical bone marrow transplantation from major centers has been reviewed and will be discussed in relationship to current clinical complications associated with bone marrow transplantation.
ABSORPTION FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF IRON TABLETS ‐ CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM IRON INCREASE AND TOTAL ABSORPTION OF IRON
Authors: Ekenved Gunnar 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe absorption of iron from three different iron tablets ‐ rapidly‐disintegrating ferrous sulphate and ferrous carbonate tablets and slow‐release ferrous sulphate tablets ‐ was studied in healthy subjects with a serum iron technique and by whole‐body counter measurements. A solution of ferrous sulphate was used as a reference. There were no differences in the absorption from the ferrous sulphate preparations, but the ferrous carbonate tablets were less well absorbed. Good correlation was found between the maximal serum iron response and the total absorption of iron and it was concluded that serum iron studies may be used for semiquantitative measurements of iron absorption in comparative studies on different iron preparations.
Oxymetholone Treatment in Aregenerative Anaemia
Authors: Hast R. , Skårberg K. O. , Engstedt L. , Jameson S. , Killander A. , Lundh B. , Reizenstein P. , Udén A. M. , Wadman B. 
Published: August 2010

were treated with a standardized high dosage regime of an anabolic steroid (oxymetholone, Anasteron®). 53 patients were included and divided into two groups according to bone marrow cellularity. Furthermore the hypocellular group was subdivided in order to make comparison with earlier studies possible.In the hypocellular group, the frequency of remission was 56% and the 2‐year‐survival from the onset of symptoms was 75%. This is longer than in some earlier studies, perhaps because of possible differences in etiology andor because of the effect of systematic high dosage, long term androgen therapy. Patient selection was minimized and was not considered to be of major importance.Patients with hypercellular marrows, on the other hand, responded poorly to androgens. In this group 63% died of acute leukaemia, which confirms earlier suggestions that this form of aregenerative anaemia, frequently is of a prelejukaemic nature.
Red Cell Organic Phosphates during Administration of Salicylates
Authors: MONTI M. , BUCUR I. 
Published: August 2010

The effect of salicylates on erythrocyte 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was studied in vivo in 3 groups of healthy subjects receiving acetylsalicylic acid (18 persons), sodium salicylate (5 persons) and salicylamide (7 persons) in therapeutic dosage.No effect was found on 2,3‐DPG in any of the 3 groups. ATP was significantly decreased (p <0.05) when acetylsalicylic acid or sodium salicylate was given.
Autopsy Findings in Leukaemia
Authors: CHI C. H. , LAGERLÖF B. , LANTZ B. , REIZENSTEIN P. 
Published: August 2010

Out of 38 leukaemic cases only 16 had extensive leukaemic infiltration at death. 15 patients had slight or moderate and 7 no infiltration at all. 12 of the 15, and 5 of the 7 died with septicaemia. The latter patients must have died of complications rather than of the leukaemia itself.Although it has been possible to reduce the incidence of septicaemia during life, terminal septicaemia does not yet seem to be preventable. Septicaemia was revealed at autopsy in 27 of 38 patients; 25 of these also had clinical signs of septicaemia before death. Necrotizing gastrointestinal lesions may cause endogenous infection. In the present material, almost every second patient had fungal septicaemia. Out of 7 patients having oral candidiasis in vivo 5 had systemic candidiasis at autopsy, but only half of the patients with systemic candidiasis had visible oral growth.Modern treatment of leukaemia seems to be able to prevent intracranial haemorrhage in 90% of the cases.On the other hand, vacuolization of muscle and liver tissue was a frequent finding in leukaemia. It is suggested as being caused by fatty degeneration. Vacuolization of myocardial cells was found in 7 out of 13 cases. Among these 7, 4 had had intermittent hypokalaemia.
Heparin Cofactor Activity and Antithrombin III Concentration in Plasma Related to Age and Sex
Authors: ØDEGÅRD OLE RASMUS , FAGERHOL MAGNE K. , LIE METTE 
Published: August 2010

Heparin cofactor activity and antithrombin III (At‐III) concentration were measured in plasma from 219 healthy men and 177 women. Narrow ranges for heparin cofactor activity and At‐III concentration were found. The standard deviation for heparin cofactor activity in men and women was 8.6 and 10.1, respectively, for At‐III concentration 10.4 and 12.5In men, mean heparin cofactor activity and mean At‐III concentration decreased significantly with increasing age.In women, mean heparin cofactor activity and mean At‐III concentration tended to be lower in fertile age.Hereditary At‐III deficiency was detected in one individual.
Interaction between Normal and Leukaemic Human Cells in Agar Culture
Authors: Knudtzon Søren , Mortensen Børge Thing 
Published: August 2010

The influence of leukaemie cells from 12 patients with acute leukaemia on normal granulopoiesis in agar culture was investigated using leukeamic cell feeder layers. Leukaemie feeder cells from 7 of the 12 patients elicited no colony growth, while cells from the remaining 5 stimulated normal colony growth. In 3 of the 7 non‐stimulatory patients release of inhibitory factors from the leukaemie cells seemed responsible for the effect on normal granulopoiesis, while inappropriate colony stimulating factor (CSF) production by the feeder cells could not be ruled out in the remaining 4 patients.When the leukaemic cells were cultured with, as well as without, conditioned medium, cells from 5 of the patients formed clusters. Growth in these cultures did not correlate to the effect found in the feeder layer experiments.
Atypical Intraerythrocytic Pyruvate Kinase in some Haematological Diseases
Authors: Hanel H. K. , Philip P. 
Published: August 2010

An atypical pyruvate kinase (PK) in erythrocytes was studied in a family with several different haematological diseases: non‐spherocytic haemolysis, thrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis and polycythaemic traits.Atypical intraerythrocytic PK was also found in a group of non‐related patients with myelofibrosis and polycythaemia vera.The atypical PK was characterised by abnormal urea inhibition and other relevant biochemical parameters.
Teratological, Peri‐ and Postnatal Studies on Ferastral®, an Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex
Authors: FLODH H. , MAGNUSSON G. , MALMFORS T. 
Published: August 2010

This paper presents a review of the teratological and peri‐ and postnatal studies performed in rats and rabbits on Ferastral®, an iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex. The test compound was given intramuscularly in doses varying from 1 to 100 mg Fe3+/kg. In the teratological studies the compound was given daily during the whole or part of the period of organogenesis, and in the peri‐ and postnatal study in rats from day 16 of pregnancy through lactation to 21 days post partum. In a separate study the effects of Ferastral® on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were studied in pregnant rats treated with 50 mg Fe3+/kg. Jectofer® (iron‐sorbitol) and Imferon® (iron‐dextran) were used as reference compounds in some of the studies.Pregnant rats reacted in a totally different way compared to pregnant rabbits when treated with high doses of Ferastral. Pregnant rats, but not rabbits, developed focal necrosis in the liver, placenta and spleen. These changes were dose‐dependent and not observed with lower doses (1, 4 and 16 mg Fe3+/kg). Similar pathological alterations were also seen after treatment with Jectofer, but not with Imferon. The pathological changes, being similar to those seen after elicitation of a generalized Shwartzman reaction (GSR), were not interpreted as an expression of such a reaction. The most common features of the GSR, bilateral cortical necrosis, capillary thrombi, and changes in the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity, were not observed in the pregnant rats.The maternal toxicity was accompanied by secondary effects on the foetuses manifested in reduced maturation of the foetal skeleton. Treatment with Ferastral in doses not inducing maternal toxicity did not adversely affect litter size, foetal loss, litter weight or embryonic or foetal development in either rats or rabbits.
Does sarcoma occur in man after intramuscular iron?
Authors: FIELDING J. 
Published: August 2010

Several factors influence the induction of sarcomas at the site of iron carbohydrate complex injection in high dosage, in animals. 1. Species specificity: tumours have been induced in rats, mice and hamsters but not in guinea pigs or dogs; 2. dose‐response: a threshold dose may be defined and the yield of tumours increases with the dose; 3. the amount of residual iron at the injection site: the effect is a local oncogenesis; 4. the latent period relative to life span in the species: the probable latent period in man has been estimated to be 15–20 years.Since iron‐dextran was introduced 22 years ago, nine malignancies in man allegedly related to iron‐complex injection have been described in five reports during the period 1960—1977. A critical review of the information available on these cases suggests that in one case only is the data sufficiently strong to support the probability of iron‐dextran induced sarcoma in man. Soft tissue tumours of the buttock are not rare: on the basis of this single case a causal relationship in man cannot yet be made.
Patterns of Plasma Iron Fractions after Intramuscular Ferastral®
Authors: FIELDING JACK , DONEY VALERIE J. , SPEYER BARBARA E. 
Published: August 2010

The distribution of plasma iron fractions after intramuscular Ferastral is described for times up to eight days after injection.Transferrin‐bound iron reaches a peak value in 4—8 hours and falls towards normal values while circulating iron‐complex concentration remains high. The peak concentration of iron‐complex occurs 8—24 hours after injection, and is virtually cleared from the circulation in 6—8 days. An approximate T1/2 of 30 hours for plasma Ferastral is deduced from the rate of fall from peak values. UIBC values fell as transferrin‐bound iron increased, but did not reach zero in any subject studied.