bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐MOFs: Metall‐organische Gerüste für biologische und medizinische Anwendungen
Authors: McKinlay Alistair C. , Morris Russell E. , Horcajada Patricia , Férey Gérard , Gref Ruxandra , Couvreur Patrick , Serre Christian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMetall‐organische Gerüste bieten als eine Klasse von hochgradig porösen Materialien vielfältige Möglichkeiten für biologische und medizinische Anwendungen. Durch die große Bandbreite an chemischen Zusammensetzungen sind toxikologisch zulässige Rezepturen realisierbar, und durch die hohe Funktionalität der MOFs eröffnen sich Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in Bildgebungsverfahren und als Transporter für therapeutische Wirkstoffe. Die Herausforderungen auf diesem Gebiet bestehen nicht nur in der Entwicklung von neuen Feststoffen, sondern auch in der Verbesserung der Rezeptur und der Verarbeitung der Materialien. Hierzu gehören auch die Feineinstellung der Morphologie der Gerüste und die Modifizierung ihrer Oberflächen im Hinblick auf die angestrebten Anwendungen.
Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid: Perspektiven für neue Materialien
Authors: D'Alessandro Deanna M. , Smit Berend , Long Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer stark ansteigende Kohlendioxidgehalt in der Atmosphäre ist eines der drängendsten Umweltprobleme unserer Zeit. Eine Option zur Verringerung anthropogener CO2‐Emissionen ist die Abscheidung und Speicherung von Kohlendioxid (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS) an Punktquellen wie Kraftwerken. Durch diese Sequestrierung steigt allerdings der Energiebedarf der Kraftwerke um 25–40 %. Wir berichten hier über die Technologien zur Abscheidung, die zur Verringerung der CO2‐Emissionen wahrscheinlich am besten geeignet sind. Dazu zählen Postcombustion‐Verfahren, bei denen die Abscheidung nach der Verbrennung stattfindet (vor allem die CO2/N2‐Separation), Precombustion‐Verfahren, bei denen CO2/H2‐Gemische eingesetzt werden, und die Konditionierung von Erdgas (CO2/CH4). Der Schlüssel zu deutlichen Fortschritten sind bessere Trennmittel zur Separation. Wir werden hier aktuelle Entwicklungen und neuartige Konzepte zur CO2‐Abtrennung durch Lösungsmittel‐Absorption, chemische und physikalische Adsorption und Membranen schildern und besonders auf Fortschritte auf dem wachsenden Gebiet Metall‐organischer Gerüste eingehen.
Deposition of hydroxyapatite and calcium oxalate dihydrate on a heat exchanger tube
Authors: East C. P. , Doherty W. O. S. , Fellows C. M. , Yu H. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTMost studies on the characterisation of deposits on heat exchangers have been based on bulk analysis, neglecting the fine structural features and the compositional profiles of layered deposits. Attempts have been made to fully characterise a fouled stainless steel tube obtained from a quintuple Roberts evaporator of a sugar factory using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The deposit contains three layers at the bottom of the tube and two layers on the other sections and is composed of hydroxyapatite, calcium oxalate dihydrate and an amorphous material. The proportions of these phases varied along the tube height. Energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and XRD analysis on the surfaces of the outermost and innermost layers showed that hydroxyapatite was the major phase attached to the tube wall, while calcium oxalate dihydrate (with pits and voids) was the major phase on the juice side. Elemental mapping of the cross‐sections of the deposit revealed the presence of a mineral, Si‐Mg‐Al‐Fe‐O, which is probably a silicate mineral. Reasons for the defects in the oxalate crystal surfaces, the differences in the crystal size distribution from bottom to the top of the tube and the composite fouling process have been postulated. © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IL‐13 upregulates GPIIb expression in megakaryocytic cell lines via STAT6
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Cai Wei , Zhou Ying , Zhang Xuejun , Xiong Lixia , Li Rong , Yu Xuemei , Li Wenlin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInterleukin 13 (IL‐13) is a key cytokine involved in the regulation of inflammatory, immune responses, and cell differentiation. The present study was to investigate the effect of IL‐13 on the expression of glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb), a megakaryocytic gene, in Dami cells (human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line) and HEL cells (human erythroleukemic cell line, which has both erythroid and megakaryocytic markers). Furthermore, it addresses the mechanisms governing the regulation of GPIIb expression by IL‐13. The molecular responses of Dami cells and HEL cells to IL‐13 treatment were analyzed by RT‐PCR, Western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and flow cytometry analysis. We show that IL‐13Rα1 and IL‐4Rα are expressed in Dami cells and HEL cells. The expression of GPIIb was significantly upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels by treatment with IL‐13. Moreover, IL‐13 induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6(STAT6). By using a STAT6‐specific antibody and PCR primers designed to yield a product, which encompasses the STAT6 binding site of the GPIIb promoter, we have shown the binding of the IL‐13‐mediated activation of STAT6 to the promoter of GPIIb gene. These results broaden the involvement of IL‐13 into megakaryocyte differentiation by STAT6 pathway. Anat Rec 293:1470–1476, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Degree of Mineralization at the Attachment of Lateral Pterygoid
Authors: Cioffi Iacopo , van Ruijven Leo J. , Michelotti Ambrosina , Langenbach Geerling E.J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe degree of mineralization of bone (DMB) in the human mandibular condyle is heterogeneous, and differences in DMB have been related to variations in bone turnover caused by local strains. The lateral pterygoid muscle inserts at the anterior surface of the condyle. The aim of this study is to analyze the DMB at the attachment of this muscle as compared with a control region. It was hypothesized that, DMB at the attachment sites of lateral pterygoid muscles was lower than at the control regions, because of the larger number of loadings and subsequently higher remodeling rates. Also, as the human lateral pterygoid muscle is heterogeneous in its internal architecture, variations in DMB within the attachment sites were expected. 10 human mandibular condyles were scanned in a micro CT system. Within each condyle, two regions, that is, the pterygoid fovea and a posterior (control) region where no muscle was inserted, were selected to analyze regional differences in DMB. The attachment site was further divided into eight subregions to analyze subregional differences. At the pterygoid fovea the DMB of cortical bone was significantly lower than at the control region (p = 0.003) and increased in medio‐lateral direction. The results of this study could suggest an influence of the lateral pterygoid muscle on bone turnover at this site. Anat Rec 293:1387–1392, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomarkers for the Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Sun Xiao‐Nan , Ma Li‐Hua , Chen Lian , Wang Yu , Chen Chun , Ye Zai‐Yuan , Wu Zheng‐Hu , Li Yong‐Zhe , Xu Yang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study is to find novel biomarkers for prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We enrolled 245 eligible patients with ACS and compared the protein expression between the two groups, with or without major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). To determine biomarkers for prognosis, we performed mass spectrometry analysis. We found 10 proteins in the serum that can be used to classify ACS with or without MACE and specific protein peaks at m/z 1921.0, 2124.2, and 20887.3 that were increased in patients with MACE. These peaks reliably predict MACE occurrence in patients with ACS, in addition to the widely accepted markers troponin and brain natriuretic peptide precursor. The characteristic changes in the peaks at m/z 1921.09, 2124.2, and 20887.3 correlate with poor prognosis in ACS patients. These proteins could potentially be used as predictive biomarkers to evaluate patient prognosis. Anat Rec 293:1512–1518, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal Development of Type II Collagen and Aggrecan mRNA Expression in a Rabbit Craniomandibular Joint
Authors: Feng Jianying , Gu Zhiyuan , Lin Xinping , Fan Yi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the postnatal growth changes in the condyle and disc of the rabbit craniomandibular joint (CMJ). Forty‐eight rabbits from newborn to an age of 120 days were divided into eight groups, and chondrocytic differentiation and function were evaluated within the CMJ by in situ hybridization of type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA. The morphology of the posterior band and the bilaminar zone were similar in the newborn group and were composed primarily of mesenchymal cells and capillaries. After weaning, mastication loading induced the differentiation of mesenchymal cells, which was accompanied by structural differentiation between the posterior band and the bilaminar zone. Aggrecan first appeared in the posterior band of the disc at 30 days postnatally, when the rabbits began to masticate solid food. Type II collagen emerged in the disc at the age of 45 days. Both genes coexpressed in the deeper half of the proliferative layer, the whole hypertrophic layer, and the mineralized layer of the condylar cartilage and staining intensity increased with age. The coexpression of aggrecan and Type II collagen indicates the maturation of chondrocyte differentiation in the disc and condyle, which contributes to the biomechanical characteristics of the CMJ that resist functional stimulation. Anat Rec 293:1574–1580, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological Study on Microvasculature of Left Ventricular Wall in Infant and Adult Yaks
Authors: He Y.Y. , Yu S.J. , Cui Y. , Du P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObservations on the microvasculature in the left ventricular wall of infant and adult yaks under light and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were presented. Moreover, the diameter of different microvasculature and the density of the capillaries in three layers of the ventricular myocardium were measured using Image Pro‐Plus 5.0. The results showed that the average luminal diameter of arterioles and precapillary arterioles in adult yak's hearts were, in most cases, larger than those in infant yaks. On the contrary, the diameters of the capillary in infant yak's hearts were larger than those in adult yaks. The density of capillary in the myocardium of adult yak's heart had significantly higher values (P<0.01) than those in infant yaks. Arterioles of yak's hearts were characterized by the bark‐like structure and the impressions of endothelial cell nuclei, and it always gave rise to capillary after three to four grades of embranchment. The outer surface of capillaries cast in infant yak's hearts was smooth, and no constrictions were found. This was different from adult yak that always had some constrictions. The capillary anastomosis of “H” and “Y” usually existed in the myocardium of both adult and infant yaks; however, those in infant yaks were not typical as in adult yaks in their shape. The peculiar arrangement of the venules in infant yak was a “baggy” or “bulgy” arrangement, while in the adult yak, they had a root‐like pattern. Our findings suggest that the patterns of microvasculature in yak's heart could be propitious to adapt better in their environment following their increase of age. Anat Rec 293:1519–1526, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Global Impact of Sutures Assessed in a Finite Element Model of a Macaque Cranium
Authors: Wang Qian , Smith Amanda L. , Strait David S. , Wright Barth W. , Richmond Brian G. , Grosse Ian R. , Byron Craig D. , Zapata Uriel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe biomechanical significance of cranial sutures in primates is an open question because their global impact is unclear, and their material properties are difficult to measure. In this study, eight suture‐bone functional units representing eight facial sutures were created in a finite element model of a monkey cranium. All the sutures were assumed to have identical isotropic linear elastic material behavior that varied in different modeling experiments, representing either fused or unfused sutures. The values of elastic moduli employed in these trials ranged over several orders of magnitude. Each model was evaluated under incisor, premolar, and molar biting conditions. Results demonstrate that skulls with unfused sutures permitted more deformations and experienced higher total strain energy. However, strain patterns remained relatively unaffected away from the suture sites, and bite reaction force was likewise barely affected. These findings suggest that suture elasticity does not substantially alter load paths through the macaque skull or its underlying rigid body kinematics. An implication is that, for the purposes of finite element analysis, omitting or fusing sutures is a reasonable modeling approximation for skulls with small suture volume fraction if the research objective is to observe general patterns of craniofacial biomechanics under static loading conditions. The manner in which suture morphology and ossification affect the mechanical integrity of skulls and their ontogeny and evolution awaits further investigation, and their viscoelastic properties call for dynamic simulations. Anat Rec 293:1477–1491, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computer simulation: The imaginary friend of auxin transport biology
Authors: Garnett Philip , Steinacher Arno , Stepney Susan , Clayton Richard , Leyser Ottoline 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRegulated transport of the plant hormone auxin is central to many aspects of plant development. Directional transport, mediated by membrane transporters, produces patterns of auxin distribution in tissues that trigger developmental processes, such as vascular patterning or leaf formation. Experimentation has produced many, largely qualitative, data providing strong evidence for multiple feedback systems between auxin and its transport. However, the exact mechanisms concerned remain elusive and the experiments required to evaluate alternative hypotheses are challenging. Because of this, computational modelling now plays an important role in auxin transport research. Here we review some current approaches and underlying assumptions of computational auxin transport models. We focus on self‐organising models for polar auxin transport and on recent attempts to unify conflicting mechanistic explanations. In addition, we discuss in general how these computer simulations are proving to be increasingly effective in hypothesis generation and testing, and how simulation can be used to direct future experiments.Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays Local auxin production: a small contribution to a big field Abstract
Claudin‐5a in developing zebrafish brain barriers: another brick in the wall
Authors: Abdelilah‐Seyfried Salim 
Published: July 2010

AbstractClaudins serve essential roles in regulating paracellular permeability properties within occluding junctions. Recent studies have begun to elucidate developmental roles of claudins within immature tissues. This work has uncovered an involvement of several claudins in determining tight junction properties that have an effect on embryonic morphogenesis and physiology. During zebrafish brain morphogenesis, Claudin‐5a determines the paracellular permeability of tight junctions within a transient neuroepithelial‐ventricular barrier that maintains the hydrostatic fluid pressure required for brain ventricular lumen expansion. However, the roles of Claudins in development may well extend beyond being mere junctional components. Several post‐translational modifications of Claudins have been characterized that indicate a direct regulation by developmental signals. This review focuses on the involvement of Claudin‐5a in cerebral barrier formation in the zebrafish embryo and includes some speculations about possible modes of regulation.
In‐line analysis of a fluid bed pellet coating process using a combination of near infrared and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Bogomolov Andrey , Engler Maximiliane , Melichar Michael , Wigmore Anthony 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNear infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopic analyzers applied through an immersion Lighthouse Probe (LHP) were used for simultaneous in‐line monitoring of a fluid bed pellet coating process. Multivariate curve resolution analysis of data, collected from four pilot‐scale batches, has shown that the two techniques deliver complementary information about the process and their combination may be synergistic. This data analysis enabled a much better understanding of some of the process observations and also gave some interesting insights into the best way to use the techniques themselves.PLS regression analysis of the product moisture and the quantity of coating material sprayed was performed using NIR and Raman data blocks both separately and in combination. The performance of method combination compared to individual techniques is analyzed and discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral Transformation in Protonated and Deprotonated Adipic Acids through Multistep Internal Proton Transfer
Authors: Min Seung Kyu , Park Mina , Singh N. Jiten , Lee Han Myoung , Lee Eun Cheol , Kim Kwang S. , Lagutschenkov Anita , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProtonated and deprotonated adipic acids (PAA: HOOC(CH2)4COOH2+ and DAA: HOOC(CH2)4COO−) have a charged hydrogen bond under the influence of steric constraint due to the molecular skeleton of a circular ring. Despite the similarity between PAA and DAA, it is surprising that the lowest energy structure of PAA is predicted to have (H2O⋅⋅⋅H⋅⋅⋅OH2)+ Zundel‐like symmetric hydrogen bonding, whereas that of DAA has H3O+ Eigen‐like asymmetric hydrogen bonding. The energy profiles show that direct proton transfer between mirror image structures is unfavorable. Instead, the chiral transformation is possible by subsequent backbone twistings through stepwise proton transfer along multistep intermediate structures, which are Zundel‐like ions for PAA and Eigen‐like ions for DAA. This type of chiral transformation by multistep intramolecular proton transfers is unprecedented. Several prominent OH⋅⋅⋅O short hydrogen‐bond stretching peaks are predicted in the range of 1000–1700 cm−1 in the Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) simulations, which show distinctive signatures different from ordinary hydrogen‐bond peaks. The OHO stretching peaks in the range of 1800–2700 cm−1 become insignificant above around 150 K and are almost washed out at about 300 K.
Insights into the Dynamics and Molecular Recognition Features of Glycopeptides by Protein Receptors: The 3D Solution Structure of Hevein Bound to the Trisaccharide Core of N‐Glycoproteins
Authors: Hernández‐Gay José Juan , Ardá Ana , Eller Steffen , Mezzato Stefano , Leeflang Bas R. , Unverzagt Carlo , Cañada F. Javier , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProtein‐carbohydrate interactions are at the heart of a variety of essential molecular recognition events. Hevein, a model lectin related to the superantigen family, recognizes the trisaccharide core of N‐glycoproteins (1). A combined approach of NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling has permitted us to demonstrate that an Asn‐linked Man(GlcNAc)2 (2) is bound with even higher affinity than (GlcNAc)3. The molecular recognition process entails conformational selection of only one of the possibilities existing for chitooligosaccharides. The deduced 3D structure of the hevein/2 complex permits the extension of polypeptide chains from the Asn moiety of 2, as well as glycosylation at Man O‐3 and Man O‐6 of the terminal sugar. Given the ubiquity of the Man(GlcNAc)2 core in all mammalian N‐glycoproteins, the basic recognition mode presented herein might be extended to a variety of systems with biomedical importance.
Optimierung der Herstellung von Biotensiden auf Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe
Authors: Weber A. , Hoffmann A. , Górak A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEin Konzept zur Prozessentwicklung und ‐optimierung von biotechnologischen Produkten wurde am Beispiel der Herstellung von Sophoroselipiden entwickelt. Neben der mikrobiellen Herstellung mit produktionsintegrierter Produktabtrennung mittels Sedimentation wurde in dieser Arbeit die Extraktion im Rahmen der Grundoperationenauswahl als Aufreinigungsoption experimentell untersucht.
Verweilzeitverkürzung bei der Biogasentstehung durch Zerkleinerung von lignocellulosehaltigen Substraten
Authors: Haeffner B. , Nied C. , Voigt J. , Sommer K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer anaerobe Abbau von organischen Substraten zu Kohlendioxid und Methan ist ein mikrobiell katalysierter Prozess. Die einstufige Biogasgewinnung ist in der Landwirtschaft und in der Klärschlammaufbereitung weit verbreitet. Es findet eine Grobzerkleinerung statt, die nicht der Optimierung der Verweilzeitverkürzung dient, sondern das Verstopfen der Ventile und Pumpen verhindern soll. Ziel war es, den Einfluss der Partikelgröße auf den Biogasertrag festzustellen und die Zerkleinerung zu optimieren. Mit feinstzerkleinerten Trebersuspensionen als Substrat für die anaerobe Fermentation konnte bei stabilen Prozessbedingungen eine kürzere hydraulischer Verweilzeit, ein höherer Abbaugrad und ein höherer Methangehalt des Biogases erreicht werden.
Electrodialytic Defluoridation of Brackish Water: Effect of Process Parameters and Water Characteristics
Authors: Ben Sik Ali Mourad , Hamrouni Béchir , Dhahbi Mahmoud 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this work is to study the removal of fluoride from brackish polluted water using electrodialysis. The influence of several parameters such as flow rate, initial feed concentration, co‐existing ions, and initial pH on process efficiency were studied. This efficiency is evaluated by the removal rate, demineralization rate, and power consumption. The defluoridation process showed to be independent of pH of feed solution. Although the remained studied parameters plays a significant role on the defluoridation efficiency and mainly on the specific power consumption. The defluoridation of a contaminated real water sample was investigated so as to improve the efficiency of the process. The fluoride concentration could be reduced from 2.9 to 0.4 mg L−1 which was lower than World Health Organization (WHO) standard (1.5 mg L−1). Moreover the concentrations of different species in the obtained treated water are below the amounts recommended by WHO for drinking water.
Novel Peptidyl Aryl Vinyl Sulfones as Highly Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Cathepsins L and B
Authors: Mendieta Laura , Picó Anna , Tarragó Teresa , Teixidó Meritxell , Castillo Marcos , Rafecas Llorenç , Moyano Albert , Giralt Ernest 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHerein we present the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a structurally novel library of 20 peptidyl 3‐aryl vinyl sulfones as inhibitors of cathepsins L and B. The building blocks, described here for the first time, were synthesized in a highly efficient and enantioselective manner, starting from 3‐aryl‐substituted allyl alcohols. The corresponding vinyl sulfones were prepared by a new approach, based on a combination of solid‐phase peptide synthesis using the Fmoc/tBu strategy, followed by solution‐phase coupling to the corresponding (R)‐3‐amino‐3‐aryl vinyl sulfones as trifluoroacetate salts. The inhibitory activity of the resulting compounds against cathepsins L and B was evaluated, and the compound exhibiting the best activity was selected for enzymatic characterization. Finally, docking studies were performed in order to identify key structural features of the aryl substituent.