bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is annual screening by fecal immunochemical test necessary after a recent colonoscopy?
Authors: Okagawa Yutaka , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Hanada Kota , Hirokawa Sota , Tomita Yusuke , Yoshida Masahiro , Minagawa Takeyoshi , Morita Kohtaro , Yane Kei , Ihara Hideyuki , Hirayama Michiaki , Kondo Hitoshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe population‐based colorectal cancer screening guidelines in Japan recommend an annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT). However, there is no consensus on the need for annual FIT screening for patients who recently performed a total colonoscopy (TCS). Therefore, we evaluated the repeated TCS results for patients with positive FIT after a recent TCS to assess the necessity of an annual FIT.MethodsWe reviewed patients with positive FIT in opportunistic screening from April 2017 to March 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: those who had undergone TCS within the previous 5 years (previous TCS group) and those who had not (non‐previous TCS group). We compared the detection rates of advanced neoplasia and colorectal cancer between the two groups.ResultsOf 671 patients, 151 had received TCS within 5 years and 520 had not. The detection rates of advanced neoplasia in the previous TCS and non‐previous TCS groups were 4.6% and 12.1%, respectively (p < 0.01), and the colorectal cancer detection rates were 0.7% and 1.5%, respectively (no significant difference). The adenoma detection rates were 33.8% in the previous TCS group and 40.0% in the non‐previous TCS group (no significant difference).ConclusionsOnly a few patients were diagnosed with advanced neoplasia among the patients with FIT positive after a recent TCS. For patients with adenomatous lesions on previous TCS, repeated TCS should be performed according to the surveillance program without an annual FIT. The need for an annual FIT for patients without adenomatous lesions on previous TCS should be prospectively assessed in the future.
Mechanochemistry in Organic Synthesis: An Italian Journey through Innovations
Authors: Basoccu Francesco , De Luca Lidia , Porcheddu Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMechanochemistry, as an enabling technology, harnesses mechanical force to drive chemical reactions, presenting compelling advantages in organic synthesis within the principles of green chemistry. This review explores how its unique advantages and alignment with sustainable practices have been widely developed in different scientific fields in Italy. As a transformative strategy for organic synthesis, mechanochemistry has been portrayed in this review as a valuable synthetic alternative due to the various advantages, such as solvent reduction and new reaction pathways, that its use brings. Nonetheless, the improvements brought about by its use have also been crucial in other fields of chemistry described by Italian scientists. In this whole context, Italian researchers have analysed both already optimised processes and new feasible pathways, paving the way for new avenues previously hampered by all the limitations that belong to in‐solution chemistry.
Effect of ten different physical parameters on solar still productivity: Theoretical modeling
Authors: Omara Adil A. M. , Mohamed Omer Elfarouk E. , Mohammedali Abubaker A. M. , Ahmed Mustafa Ahmed Khogley 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSolar distillation using solar stills is widely recognized as a clean and cost‐effective method for producing freshwater. However, due to its straightforward design, solar still performance is greatly influenced by various physical characteristics. Many researches have evaluated solar still parameters, while only a few articles have concerned physical ones. Therefore, this article aims to investigate the effect of different physical parameters on solar still productivity through thermal modeling. The theoretical results were validated with those of a previous experimental model, showing a good agreement with each other. The results reveal that daily productivity experiences significant improvement with an increase in plate emissivity or insulation thickness. Conversely, an increase in water mass, glass absorptivity or insulation thermal conductivity leads to a substantial reduction in productivity. Notably, water transmissivity and plate absorptivity do not affect productivity. Modest enhancements in productivity can be achieved by reducing the effective emissivity between water and glass. While the initial temperature of water has a minor impact on productivity at low water mass, it exhibits a substantial improvement effect at high water mass. These results can be a good guidance for the designers and manufacturers to develop more efficient designs that maximize the production of clean water.
Chemical Textures on Rare Earth Carbonates: An Experimental Approach to Mimic the Formation of Bastnäsite
Authors: Maddin Melanie , Rateau Remi , Szucs Adrienn Maria , Terribili Luca , Hoare Brendan , Guyett Paul C. , Rodriguez‐Blanco Juan Diego 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe interaction between multi‐component rare earth element (REE) aqueous solutions and carbonate grains (dolomite, aragonite, and calcite) are studied at hydrothermal conditions (21–210 °C). The effect of ionic radii of five REEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Dy) on solid formation are analyzed using two solution types: equal REE concentrations and concentrations normalized to Post Archean Australian Shale Standard (PAAS). The interaction replaces the host Ca–Mg carbonate grains with a series of REE minerals (lanthanite → kozoite → bastnäsite → cerianite). At 165 °C, equal concentration solutions promote kozoite crystallization, maintaining similar REE ratios in solids and solution. PAAS solutions result in zoned REE‐bearing crystals with heterogeneous elemental distributions and discreet REE phases (e.g., cerianite). Chemical signatures indicate metastable REE‐bearing phases transforming into more stable polymorphs, along with symplectite textures formed by adjacent phase reactions. Overall, experiments highlight the dependence of polymorph selection, crystallization pathway, mineral formation kinetics, and chemical texture on REE concentrations, ionic radii, temperature, time, and host grain solubility.
Risk assessment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and other adverse pregnancy outcomes after frozen embryo transfers following an artificial cycle: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pohjonen Eeva‐Maria , Huhtala Heini , Erkinaro Tarja , Lehto Johanna , Pellas Elena , Vilmi‐Kerälä Tiina , Laivuori Hannele , Ahinko Katja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe primary aim was to investigate if frozen embryo transfer (FET) without a corpus luteum increases the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). The secondary aim was to investigate other adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 1168 singleton pregnancies and live births following a FET with either an artificial cycle (AC‐FET) (n = 631) or a natural/modified natural/stimulated cycle (CL‐FET) (n = 537) between 2012 and 2020. The data were collected from patient records. The primary outcome was HDP. Secondary outcomes included cesarean sections, placental retention problems, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), the duration of pregnancy, birth weight, low birth weight, macrosomia, length of gestation, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and large for gestational age.ResultsIn the AC‐FET group, there was an increased incidence of pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension, cesarean sections, PPH over 500 and 1000 mL, and retained placental tissue, compared with the CL‐FET group. These associations remained significant in logistic regression analyses with clinically relevant adjustments.ConclusionThe risk of HDP and several other maternal complications seems to be increased after AC‐FET compared with CL‐FET. Our findings support most earlier studies regarding HDP and add to the knowledge on other maternal and perinatal risks involved in AC‐FET, including an increased risk of milder forms of placental retention. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Computational exploration of the copper(I)‐catalyzed conversion of hydrazones to dihalogenated vinyldiazene derivatives
Authors: Askerova Ulviyya , Abdullayev Yusif , Shikhaliyev Namiq , Maharramov Abel , Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Autschbach Jochen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis computational study explores the copper (I) chloride catalyzed synthesis of (E)‐1‐(2,2‐dichloro‐1‐phenylvinyl)‐2‐phenyldiazene (2Cl‐VD) from readily available hydrazone derivative and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). 2Cl‐VD has been extensively utilized to synthesize variety of heterocyclic organic compounds in mild conditions. The present computational investigations primarily focus on understanding the role of copper (I) and N1,N1,N2,N2‐tetramethylethane‐1,2‐diamine (TMEDA) in this reaction, TMEDA often being considered a proton scavenger by experimentalists. Considering TMEDA as a ligand significantly alters the energy barrier. In fact, it is only 8.3 kcal/mol higher compared to the ligand‐free (LF) route for the removal of a chlorine atom to form the radical ·CCl3 but the following steps are almost barrierless. This intermediate then participates in attacking the electrophilic carbon in the hydrazone. Crucially, the study reveals that the overall potential energy surface is thermodynamically favorable, and the theoretical turnover frequency (TOF) value is higher in the case of Cu(I)‐TMEDA complex catalyzed pathway.
A novel method for the evaluation of right ventricular dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism: Myocardial work indices
Authors: Keskin Berhan , Karagoz Ali , Hakgor Aykun , Kultursay Barkın , Tanyeri Seda , Tokgoz Hacer Ceren , Kulahcioglu Seyhmus , Tosun Ayhan , Bulus Cagdas , Sekban Ahmet , Tanboga Ibrahim H. , Ozdemir Nihal , Kaymaz Cihangir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe presence of right ventricular dysfunction indicates a higher risk status in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). The RV strain evaluated by speckle‐tracking echocardiography seems to be more reliable method in the evaluation of RV dysfunction as compared to standard echocardiographic measures. In this study, we aimed to determine the value of myocardial‐work indices in evaluating serial changes of RV function in acute PE.MethodsOur study comprised 83 consecutive acute PE patients who admitted to our tertiary cardiovascular hospital. Echocardiography was performed within the first 24‐hours of hospitalization, and RV and LV myocardial‐work parameters were obtained along with standard echocardiographic parameters. The change in the RV/LVr detected on tomography was selected as the primary outcome measure, and its' predictors were analyzed with classical linear regression and a generalized additive model (GAM).ResultsAmong the LV‐RV strain and myocardial work parameters, the RV global longitudinal strain (GLS) has borderline statistical significance in predicting the RV/LVr change whereas the RV global work efficiency (RV‐GWE) strongly predicted RV/LVr change (p: 0.049 and <0.001, respectively).ConclusionIn this study, classical linear regression and GAM analyses showed that RV‐GWE seems to offer a better prediction of RV/LVr change in patients with acute PE.
Elevated pretreatment serum apolipoprotein E level associated with poor prognosis of patients with COVID‐19 during the omicron BA.5 and BF.7 wave
Authors: Gong Shengping , Ma Chao , Ma Ruishuang , Zhu Ting , Ge Xiaoqin , Xie Rongrong , Tao Qingsong , Ouyang Guifang , Shi Cong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is responsible for the human disease known as COVID‐19. This virus is capable of generating a spectrum of infections ranging from moderate to severe. Serum apolipoprotein E (ApoE) inhibits inflammation by preserving immune regulatory function. Nonetheless, the relationship between serum ApoE and clinical prognosis in omicron remains elusive. A cohort of 231 patients was observed for 65 days, with death as the primary outcome. Based on their ApoE levels, the patients were categorized into patients with elevated ApoE levels and those with lower ApoE levels. To do statistical comparisons, the log‐rank test was utilized, and the Kaplan‐Meier method was utilized to estimate survival rates. Cox hazard models, both univariate and multivariate, were employed to examine the prognostic relevance. According to our research, omicron had significantly greater ApoE levels. In mild‐to‐moderate and severe cases, the study identified a statistically significant variation in ApoE levels. Additionally, there was a drop in overall survival that is statistically significant (OS, p < 0.0001) for patients with greater ApoE levels. Multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicates that an elevated ApoE level was determined to be an adverse and independent prognostic factor of OS in patients with omicron. Taken together, our study found that the level of serum ApoE at the time of initial diagnosis was substantially connected to the severity and prognosis of omicron. Consequently, we propose that ApoE might be a poor prognostic factor in individuals afflicted with the omicron variant.
Analysis of enamel defects in a cave bear maxillary molar, with remarks on incremental markings in bear enamel
Authors: Kierdorf Uwe , Konjević Dean , Radović Siniša , Bujanić Miljenko , Kierdorf Horst 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe paper discusses the formation of an enamel defect in the crown of a cave bear (Ursus spelaeus sensu lato) left maxillary second molar (M2), based on macroscopic and microscopic analysis. The tooth belongs to a cranium recovered from the Cerovac caves in Croatia that exhibits a partially healed, depressed lesion in the left squama frontalis and a further lesion in the left maxilla associated with loss of the M1. Microscopic inspection demonstrated an accentuated incremental line in both enamel and dentin of the left M2. It is suggested that in the defect area the outer enamel had been posteruptively lost along the accentuated line in the enamel that constituted a zone of reduced mechanical resistance. Presence of enamel hypoplasia in both M2 indicated that these developmental lesions reflect a systemic stress event during crown formation of the teeth. The underlying cause of this stress is assumed to have been a trauma to the skull that caused the lesion in the left squama frontalis. It is further suggested that a later trauma to the left maxilla had led to the loss of the left M1 and the flaking‐off of enamel along the accentuated incremental line in the left M2. The defect in the left M2 is thus diagnosed as the result of a developmental lesion during crown formation, related to systemic stress due to a skull trauma, followed by posteruptive damage from a second traumatic impact. In addition to reconstructing the formation of the defect in the crown of the left M2, the paper, for the first time, describes daily and subdaily incremental markings in ursid enamel and provides preliminary information on enamel secretion rate in a cave bear molar.
Synthesis and comparison of cationic polymers for structural effects of backbones and grafted side chains on their DNA transfection for efficient gene delivery
Authors: Hou Ting‐Yi , Pan Kuang‐Hung , Shih Mei‐Fen , Cherng Jong‐Yuh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany cationic polymers with varied architectures either in backbones or in side chains have been used for gene delivery. However, these polymers yielding different DNA transfection efficiency cannot answer whether backbones or side chains have more influence on DNA delivery. In this research, polyurethanes (PUs) made from the reaction of l‐lysine diisocyanate and 1,4‐piperazinediethanol were synthesized. Together with poly(l‐lysine) (PLL), these polymers were further modified to carry side chains by connecting to low‐molecular‐weight polyethylenimine (PEI) via imine linkages. The PEI was either linear (423 Da) or branched (600 Da) and grafted to the backbone representing two distinct shapes (i.e. a twig with needle‐leaves or round‐leaves). In addition, one PU derivative was synthesized to have shorter side chains (as PU‐PEI S423) than PU‐PEI423 by aminolysis reaction. These synthesized polymers were compared for their transfection potential as gene vectors into cells. Electrophoretic mobility, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analyses of polymer/DNA complexes confirmed that, after grafting of PEI (PEI423 or PEI600), PLL‐PEIs and PU‐PEIs were able to self‐assemble with plasmid DNA to form nano‐scaled (ca 200 nm) and positively charged (ca +25 mV) complexes. These cationic polymers hardly showed any cytotoxicity on COS‐7 cells. The outcome of fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry verified that the order of greater transfection efficiency is PLL‐PEI600 = PU‐PEI600 > PLL‐PEI423 = PU‐PEI423 > PEI25K (commercial standard) = PU‐PEI S423 >> PLL > PEI423 = PEI600 (starting materials). These results reveal that the polymers with longer side chains or higher charge density have positive influence on transfection efficiency. Nevertheless, different polymer backbones may reflect their biodegradability and cytotoxicity, but their effect on transfection efficiency is less significant. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Delayed diagnosis of Swyer‐James‐MacLeod syndrome
Authors: Donnan Matthew T. , Dabscheck Eli , Miller Belinda R. , Ellis Samantha J. , Naughton Matthew T. 
Published: May 2024

Key messageSwyer‐James‐MacLeod Syndrome is a rare obliterative lung disease typically caused by childhood infection resulting in arrested pulmonary development. Imaging findings include unilateral hyperlucency on chest x‐ray, and hyperlucency, hypovascularity and expiratory gas trapping on computed tomography. Recognition of abnormal imaging can lead to earlier diagnosis and institution of appropriate management.
Research on the mechanism of exosomes from different sources influencing the progression of lung cancer
Authors: Mao Guangxian , Liu Jixian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a key regulator of intercellular communication, exosomes are essential for tumor cells. In our study, we will explore the mechanisms of exosomes from different sources on lung cancer. We isolated CD8+T cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from venous blood and tumor tissues of lung cancer patients, and isolated exosomes. MiR‐2682 was high expression in CD8+T‐derived exosomes, and lncRNA‐FOXD3‐AS1 was upregulated in CAF‐derived exosomes. Online bioinformatics database analysis showed that RNA Binding Motif Protein 39 (RBM39) was identified as the target of miR‐2682, and eukaryotic translation initiation factors 3B (EIF3B) was identified as the RNA binding protein of FOXD3‐AS1. CD8+T‐derived exosomes inhibited the growth of A549 cells and promoted apoptosis, while miR‐2682 inhibits reversed these effects of CD8+T‐derived exosomes. CAF‐derived exosomes promoted the growth of A549 cells and inhibited apoptosis, while FOXD3‐AS1 siRNA reversed the effect of CAF‐derived exosomes. Mechanism studies have found that miR‐2682 inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of RBM39. FOXD3‐AS1 promoted the growth of lung cancer cells by binding to EIF3B. In vivo experiments showed that CD8+T cell‐derived exosome miR‐2682 inhibited lung cancer tumor formation, while CAF‐derived exosome FOXD3‐AS1 promoted lung cancer tumor formation. This study provides mechanistic insights into the role of miR‐2682 and FOXD3‐AS1 in lung cancer progression and provides new strategies for lung cancer treatment.
Enhanced recovery after fetal spina bifida surgery: global practice
Authors: Nulens K. , Kunpalin Y. , Nijs K. , Carvalho J. C. A. , Pollard L. , Abbasi N. , Ryan G. , Mieghem T. Van 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are multimodal evidence‐based care plans that have been adopted for multiple surgical procedures to promote faster and better patient recovery and shorter hospitalization. This study aimed to explore whether worldwide fetal therapy centers offering prenatal myelomeningocele repair implement the ERAS principles and to provide recommendations for improved perioperative management of patients.MethodsIn this survey study, a total of 53 fetal therapy centers offering prenatal surgery for open spina bifida were identified and invited to complete a digital questionnaire covering their pre‐, intra‐ and postoperative management. An overall score was calculated per center based on compliance with 20 key ERAS principles, extrapolated from ERAS guidelines for Cesarean section, gynecological oncology and colorectal surgery. Each item was awarded a score of 1 or 0, depending, respectively, on whether the center did or did not comply with that principle, with a maximum score of 20.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 46 centers in 17 countries (response rate, 87%). In total, 22 (48%) centers performed exclusively open fetal surgery (laparotomy and hysterotomy), whereas 14 (30%) offered both open and fetoscopic procedures and 10 (22%) used only fetoscopy. The perioperative management of patients undergoing fetoscopic and open surgery was very similar. The median ERAS score was 12 (range, 8–17), with a mean ± SD of 12.5 ± 2.4. Center compliance was the highest for the use of regional anesthesia (98%), avoidance of bowel preparation (96%) and thromboprophylaxis (96%), while the lowest compliance was observed for preoperative carbohydrate loading (15%), a 2‐h fasting period for clear fluids (20%), postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention (33%) and early feeding (35%). ERAS scores were similar in centers with a short (2–5 days), medium (6–10 days) and long (≥ 11 days) hospital stay (mean ± SD, 12.9 ± 2.4, 12.1 ± 2.0 and 10.3 ± 3.2, respectively, P = 0.15). Furthermore, there was no significant association between ERAS score and surgical technique or case volume.ConclusionsThe perioperative management of fetal spina bifida surgery is highly variable across fetal therapy centers worldwide. Standardized protocols integrating ERAS principles may improve patient recovery, reduce maternal morbidity and shorten the hospital stay after fetal spina bifida surgery. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.