bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of pneumatosis intestinalis in pediatric stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Korhonen Katrina , Lovvorn Harold N. , Koyama Tatsuki , Koehler Elizabeth , Calder Cassie , Manes Becky , Evans Misty , Bruce Kathryn , Ho Richard H. , Domm Jennifer , Frangoul Haydar 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundPneumatosis Intestinalis (PI) is a rare complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). We sought to assess the incidence, risk factors, and outcome associated with PI.ProcedureWe retrospectively reviewed the incidence of PI among 178 patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT between September 1999 and February 2010.ResultsEighteen of 178 children (10.1%) who received allogeneic HSCT developed PI at a median of 94 days (range, 11–1169) after transplant. All patients presented with either abdominal pain or distention, and half of the patients had free air on radiographs. Patients who developed PI had a significantly higher proportion of acute (83% vs. 44%, P = 0.002) and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD; 56% vs. 18%, P < 0.001). Only 39% of patients with PI had GVHD involving the gasterointestinal track. All patients were managed conservatively without surgery. Transplant related mortality (TRM) was significantly higher in patients who developed PI compared to those who did not (OR 4.3, 95% CI: 1.3–13.1; P = 0.007), but no deaths were attributable to PI.ConclusionsWe conclude that PI is a common complication associated with treatment of GVHD after HSCT, and patients who develop PI experience higher TRM. Patients who develop PI should be managed medically. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 616–620. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First trimester screening for intra‐uterine growth restriction and early‐onset pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Vandenberghe G. , Mensink I. , Twisk J. W. R. , Blankenstein M. A. , Heijboer A. C. , van Vugt J. M. G. 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveTo assess first trimester placental growth factor (PlGF) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) as screening markers for early‐onset pre‐eclampsia (PE) and intra‐uterine growth restriction (IUGR).MethodsPlGF concentration was retrospectively measured in first trimester serum specimens of 23 cases of early‐onset PE (<34 weeks), 26 cases of IUGR (birth weight < 5th centile) and 5 controls per case. Levels were adjusted for gestational age (GA), ethnicity and smoking to obtain multiples of the expected median (MoM). Logistic regression was used to assess PlGF, PAPP‐A and maternal characteristics as potential predictors of early‐onset PE and IUGR.ResultsPlGF MoM levels were significantly lower in the early‐onset PE group (P < 0.0001) compared with controls, but not in the IUGR group. PAPP‐A MoM levels were significantly lower in the IUGR group (P < 0.01) compared with controls but not in the early‐onset PE group. PlGF significantly improved the ability of systolic blood pressure at the first prenatal visit to predict early‐onset PE [achieving a receiver‐operating characteristics curve with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8]. Combining systolic blood pressure at the first prenatal visit and PlGF did not significantly improve the predictive ability compared with PlGF alone (AUC = 0.83).ConclusionSerum PlGF is an acceptable marker in first trimester screening for early‐onset PE, but a poor marker in screening for IUGR. Screening performance of serum PAPP‐A is poor for both early‐onset PE and IUGR. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragile X analysis of 1112 prenatal samples from 1991 to 2010
Authors: Nolin Sarah L. , Glicksman Anne , Ding Xiaohua , Ersalesi Nicole , Brown W. Ted , Sherman Stephanie L. , Dobkin Carl 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveTo determine risks of expansion for normal, intermediate, and premutationFMR1CGG repeats.MethodsPCR was used to compare theFMR1alleles in prenatal (chorionic villi and amniocytes) and parental samples collected from 1991 to 2010. Prenatal diagnoses were confirmed by Southern analysis.ResultsFragile X analysis of 1112 pregnancies identified 558 normal, 106 intermediate, 216 premutation, and 232 full mutation fetuses. Of 509 maternal, intermediate, and premutation alleles, 350 (68.7%) were unstable on transmission with expansions ranging from one repeat to the full mutation. The smallest premutation alleles expanding to the full mutation were in mothers with 65 and 66 repeats. Transmissions from women with or without a family history of fragile X suggested greater instability in women from families that included full mutation expansions.ConclusionsThe maternal transmissions of alleles with 55 to 59 CGG repeats summarized here indicate that the risk for expansion to full mutation is substantially less than previous estimates for this size category. Most premutation alleles with no family history of fragile X exhibited less instability than those with a history of fragile X. Thus, lower risk estimates for full mutation expansion may be appropriate for women newly identified as premutation carriers through routine screening. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(1,4‐cyclohexylenedimethylene‐1, 4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate): analysis of parameters affecting polymerization and cis–trans isomerization
Authors: Colonna Martino , Berti Corrado , Binassi Enrico , Celli Annamaria , Fiorini Maurizio , Marchese Paola , Messori Massimo , Brunelle Daniel J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWeatherable semicrystalline polyesters based on 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHDA) or dimethyl 1,4‐cyclohexane dicarboxylate (DMCD) can be prepared under normal melt‐phase conditions, using titanium tetrabutoxide as catalyst. The effect of monomer ratio, reaction temperature and catalyst loading on the final polymer properties was studied. Under the proper polymerization conditions, poly(1,4‐cyclohexylenedimethylene‐1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate) polymers with high molecular weight can be obtained. During polymerization, isomerization can occur towards the thermodynamically stable cis‐trans ratio of 34–66 mol%. Carboxylic acid end groups can catalyze the isomerization and therefore the polymerization is more critical starting from CHDA rather than DMCD. Moreover, temperature control becomes a key factor to avoid or to limit isomerization. The study of the isomerization of the different monomers permitted a better understanding of the isomerization and therefore of the polymerization process. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Charge transport mechanism of graphite‐nanosheet‐loaded rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed E , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed A 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNitrile butadiene rubber loaded with different concentrations of thin graphite nanosheets have been successfully prepared by using a two‐roll mill. The percolation concentration of the nanocomposites was 0.5 phr. The I–V characteristic curves showed that the nanocomposites exhibited ohmic behaviour at a certain voltage and then non‐linear behaviour. The Richardson–Schottky and Poole–Frenkel models were used to investigate the reason for the space charge. The experimental data fit the Schottky model well. The conductivity as a function of temperature was also studied and the data were fitted by using the Mott relation. The Mott relation showed that as the concentration of graphite nanosheets in the rubber composite increases, the hopping distance between the graphite nanosheet layers decreases, which enhances the conductivity of the nanocomposite at low concentrations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
High glass transition and thermally stable polynorbornenes containing fluorescent dipyrene moieties via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Lian Wei‐Ren , Wu Han‐Yu , Wang Kun‐Li , Liaw Der‐Jang , Lee Kueir‐Rarn , Lai Juin‐Yih 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA high‐glass‐transition‐temperature polynorbornene, poly(NBEDPY), containing chromophore groups was synthesized by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using Grubbs' catalysts; poly(HNBEDPY) was obtained by the reduction of poly(NBEDPY). The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of poly(NBEDPY) and hydrogenated poly(HNBEDPY) were as high as 250 °C and 220 °C, respectively, because of the rigid dipyrene groups, which are higher than those of commercially available ring‐opened hydrogenated polynorbornenes (JSR ARTON®; 120–165 °C). The 10% weight‐loss temperatures of hydrogenated poly(HNBEDPY) and poly(NBEDPY) were up to 450 °C and 400 °C, respectively. A hydrogenated poly (HNBEDPY) film showed excellent transparency (over 91%). The photoluminescence emission spectra of poly(HNBEDPY) showed strong solvent‐polarity dependence, revealing that poly (HNBEDPY) underwent remarkable bathochromic shifts with an increase in solvent polarity. Poly(HNBEDPY) also showed remarkable fluorescent solvatochromism (blue in toluene, greenish yellow in dimethyl sulfoxide). The cyclic voltammogram of poly(HNBEDPY) film cast onto an indium tin oxide (ITO)‐coated glass substrate exhibited one reversible oxidation redox couple at 0.55 V versus Ag/Ag+ in acetonitrile solution. The electrochromic characteristics of poly(HNBEDPY) showed reversibility, with a color change from its green neutral form to dark red upon the application of potentials from 0 to 1.0 V. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Heterocyclic monomers via reissert chemistry
Authors: Gibson Harry W. , Rasco Melvin L. , Niu Zhenbin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn AA bisphenolic monomer (13), an AB activated fluoro‐phenolic monomer (14), and an AB2 alcohol‐diester monomer precursor (17), all based on the isoquinoline nucleus, were prepared using Reissert compound chemistry. Additionally, model reactions established the efficiency of condensation of isoquinoline Reissert compounds with dihaloalkanes, providing evidence of the potential of this reaction to produce high molecular weight polymers, which was subsequently realized. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Effect of void structure on the toughness of double network hydrogels
Authors: Nakajima Tasuku , Furukawa Hidemitsu , Tanaka Yoshimi , Kurokawa Takayuki , Gong Jian Ping 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction of soft filler in a hard body, which is one of the common toughening methods of hard polymeric materials, was applied for further toughening of robust double network (DN) hydrogels composed of poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) gels (PAMPS gels) as the first component and polyacrylamide (PAAm) as the second component. The fracture energy of the DN gels with the void structure (called void‐DN gels) became twice when the volume fraction of void was 1–3 vol % and the void diameter was much larger than the Flory radius of the PAAm chains. Such toughening was induced by wider range of internal fracture of the PAMPS network derived from partial stress concentration near void structure. Considering the mechanical tests and the dynamic light scattering results, it is implied that the absence of the load‐bearing PAAm structure inside the void is important for the toughening. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1246–1254, 2011
The nature and extent of body image concerns among surgically treated patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Fingeret Michelle Cororve , Yuan Ying , Urbauer Diana , Weston June , Nipomnick Summer , Weber Randal 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to describe body image concerns for surgically treated patients with head and neck cancer and evaluate the relationship between body image concerns and quality of life outcomes.MethodsData were obtained from 280 patients undergoing surgical treatment for head and neck cancer. We used a cross‐sectional design and obtained data from individuals at different time points relative to initiation of surgical treatment. Participants completed the Body Image Scale, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale‐Head and Neck Version, and a survey designed for this study to evaluate disease‐specific body image issues, satisfaction with care regarding body image issues, and interest in psychosocial intervention.ResultsBody image concerns were prevalent in the majority of participants with 75% acknowledging concerns or embarrassment about one or more types of bodily changes at some point during treatment. Significant associations were found between body image concerns and all major domains of quality of life. Age, gender, cancer type, time since surgery, and body image variables were significantly associated with psychosocial outcomes. A clear subset of participants expressed dissatisfaction with care received about body image issues and/or indicated they would have liked additional resources to help them cope with body image changes.ConclusionsThese data provide useful information to document wide‐ranging body image difficulties for this population and provide important targets for the development of relevant psychosocial interventions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of the C17/25 subcomplex from Schizosaccharomyces pombe RNA polymerase III
Authors: Ehara Haruhiko , Sekine Shun‐ichi , Yokoyama Shigeyuki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEukaryotic RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is a multisubunit enzyme responsible for transcribing tRNA, 5S rRNA, and several small RNAs. Of the 17 subunits in Pol III, the C17 (Rpc17) and C25 (Rpc25) subunits form a stable subcomplex that protrudes from the core polymerase. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of the C17/25 subcomplex from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The subcomplex adopts an elongated shape, and each subunit has two domains. The two subunits in the subcomplex are tightly packed and extensively interact, with a contact area of 2080 Å2. The overall conformation of S. pombe C17/25 is considerably different from the previously reported structure of C17/25 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with respect to the position of the C17 HRDC domain, a helix bundle essential for cell viability. In contrast, the S. pombe C17/25 structure is quite similar to those of the Pol II and archaeal counterparts, Rpb4/7 and RpoE/F, respectively, despite the low sequence similarity. A phylogenetic comparison of the C17 subunits among eukaryotes revealed that they can be classified into three groups, according to the length of the interdomain linker. S. pombe C17, as well as Rpb4 and RpoF, belongs to the largest group, with the short linker. On the other hand, S. cerevisiae C17 belongs to the smallest group, with the long linker, which probably enables the subcomplex to assume the alternative conformation.
A matching algorithm for catalytic residue site selection in computational enzyme design
Authors: Lei Yulin , Luo Wenjia , Zhu Yushan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA loop closure‐based sequential algorithm, PRODA_MATCH, was developed to match catalytic residues onto a scaffold for enzyme design in silico. The computational complexity of this algorithm is polynomial with respect to the number of active sites, the number of catalytic residues, and the maximal iteration number of cyclic coordinate descent steps. This matching algorithm is independent of a rotamer library that enables the catalytic residue to take any required conformation during the reaction coordinate. The catalytic geometric parameters defined between functional groups of transition state (TS) and the catalytic residues are continuously optimized to identify the accurate position of the TS. Pseudo‐spheres are introduced for surrounding residues, which make the algorithm take binding into account as early as during the matching process. Recapitulation of native catalytic residue sites was used as a benchmark to evaluate the novel algorithm. The calculation results for the test set show that the native catalytic residue sites were successfully identified and ranked within the top 10 designs for 7 of the 10 chemical reactions. This indicates that the matching algorithm has the potential to be used for designing industrial enzymes for desired reactions.
α‐Methylacyl‐CoA racemase expression and lethal prostate cancer in the Physicians' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow‐up Study
Authors: Barry Marc , Dhillon Preet K. , Stampfer Meir J. , Perner Sven , Ma Jing , Giovannucci Edward , Kurth Tobias , Mucci Lorelei A. , Rubin Mark A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDα‐Methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR) is an enzyme that serves as a diagnostic biomarker of prostate cancer in clinical practice. Recent studies suggest that low AMACR expression is associated with biochemical recurrence and the development of fatal disease.METHODSWe conducted a prospective cohort study among 920 men aged 47–84 years, who were diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Physicians' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study cohorts, and whose resected tissue specimens were available for immunohistochemical analysis. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the association of AMACR expression with lethal prostate cancer over a 20‐year follow‐up period.RESULTSIn total, 68 men died from prostate cancer, and an additional 18 developed bony metastases during follow‐up. We found that lower AMACR intensity was associated with higher prostate‐specific antigen levels (P = 0.003) and more advanced clinical stage (P = 0.06) at diagnosis, and a nonsignificant trend for higher risk of lethal outcomes. The hazard ratio (HR) comparing the lowest to the highest quartile of AMACR expression intensity was 1.53 ((95% CI: 0.86–2.73), P‐for‐trend across quartiles = 0.07); this trend was further attenuated after adjustment for age, Gleason score, stage, and cohort with a HR of 1.24 (95% CI: 0.69–2.22), P‐for‐trend = 0.23.CONCLUSIONSLow AMACR expression in primary tumor specimens was not independently associated with the development of metastatic and lethal prostate cancer after treatment over a 20‐year follow‐up period, after adjustment for important clinical covariates at diagnosis. Prostate 72:301–306, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced activity of an insecticidal protein, trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF), through conjugation with aliphatic polyethylene glycol
Authors: Jeffers Laura A , Shen Hongyan , Khalil Sayed , Bissinger Brooke W , Brandt Alan , Gunnoe T Brent , Roe R Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF), a decapeptide (Tyr‐Asp‐Pro‐Ala‐Pro6) isolated from the ovaries of the adult yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, regulates trypsin biosynthesis. TMOF per os is insecticidal to larval mosquitoes and a good model for the development of technologies to enhance protein insecticide activity by reduced catabolism and/or enhanced delivery to the target.RESULTS: TFA‐TMOF‐K (TFA = trifluoro acetyl) allowed the specific conjugation of monodispersed, aliphatic polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the amino group of lysine‐producing TMOF‐K‐methyl(ethyleneglycol)7‐O‐propionyl (TMOF‐K‐PEG7P). The addition of lysine to TMOF reduced its per os larval mosquitocidal activity relative to the parent TMOF, but conjugation of TMOF‐K with methyl(ethyleneglycol)7‐O‐propionyl increased its toxicity 5.8‐ and 10.1‐fold above that of TMOF and TMOF‐K for Ae. aegypti. Enhanced insecticidal activity was also found for larval Ae. albopictus and for neonates of Heliothis virescens and Heliocoverpa zea. Only TMOF‐K was found by MS/MS in the hemolymph for H. virescens fed on TMOF‐K‐PEG7P. No TMOF, TMOF‐K or PEGylated TMOF‐K was detected in the hemolymph after topical applications.CONCLUSIONS: This research suggests that aliphatic PEG polymers can be used as a new method for increasing the activity of insecticidal proteins. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of amphotericin B nanodisks on plant fungal diseases
Authors: Pérez‐de‐Luque Alejandro , Cifuentes Zuny , Beckstead Jennifer A , Sillero Josefina C , Ávila Carmen , Rubio Josefa , Ryan Robert O 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The development of water‐soluble nanodevices extends the potential use of compounds developed for other purposes (e.g. antifungal drugs or antibiotics) for applications in agriculture. For example, the broad‐spectrum, water‐insoluble, macrolide polyene antibiotic amphotericin B (AMB) could be used to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi. A new formulation embedding AMB in nanodisks (NDs) enhances antibiotic solubility and confers protection against environmental damage. In the present study, AMB‐NDs were tested for efficacy against several phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and on infected living plants (chickpea and wheat).RESULTS: Compared with AMB in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), AMB‐NDs increased the sensitivity of several fungal species to this antimycotic in vitro. Sensitivity varied with fungal species as well as with the forma specialis. Phytophthora cinnamomi, previously reported as insensitive to other polyene antimycotics, remained unaffected at the doses examined. Some effect against disease symptoms were obtained with AMB‐NDs against fusarium wilt in chickpea, whereas the results were highly variable in wheat, depending on both the species and treatment regimen.CONCLUSION: The results confirm that formulation of AMB into ND increases its effectiveness against phytopathogenic fungi in vitro, opening the possibility for its use on infected plants in the field. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Baseline susceptibilities of B‐ and Q‐biotype Bemisia tabaci to anthranilic diamides in Arizona
Authors: Li Xianchun , Degain Benjamin A , Harpold Virginia S , Marçon Paula G , Nichols Robert L , Fournier Alfred J. , Naranjo Steven E , Palumbo John C , Ellsworth Peter C 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Development of pyriproxyfen and neonicotinoid resistance in the B‐biotype whitefly and recent introduction of the Q biotype have the potential to threaten current whitefly management programs in Arizona. The possibility of integrating the novel anthranilic diamides chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole into the current program to tackle these threats largely depends on whether these compounds have cross‐resistance with pyriproxyfen and neonicotinoids in whiteflies. To address this question, the authors bioassayed a susceptible B‐biotype strain, a pyriproxyfen‐resistant B‐biotype strain, four multiply resistant Q‐biotype strains and 16 B‐biotype field populations from Arizona with a systemic uptake bioassay developed in the present study.RESULTS: The magnitude of variations in LC50 and LC99 among the B‐biotype populations or the Q‐biotype strains was less than fivefold and tenfold, respectively, for both chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole. The Q‐biotype strains were relatively more tolerant than the B‐biotype populations. No correlations were observed between the LC50 (or LC99) values of the two diamides against the B‐ and Q‐biotype populations tested and their survival rates at a discriminating dose of pyriproxyfen or imidacloprid.CONCLUSION: These results indicate the absence of cross‐resistance between the two anthranilic diamides and the currently used neonicotinoids and pyriproxyfen. Future variation in susceptibility of field populations to chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole could be documented according to the baseline susceptibility range of the populations tested in this study. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry