bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light emission due to the quantum confinement of carriers in silicon‐based nanostructures
Authors: Hayafuji Yoshinori , Ohmori Kengo , Igei Kazushi , Kambara Nobuo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the field of Si nanoscale ultralarge‐scale integration, the quantum confinement effect is undesirable with respect to the device characteristics and performance because the carriers are entirely confined in nanoscale or low‐dimensional structures. Significant efforts are being made with regard to the positive use of the quantum confinement effect in Si nanoscale structures. One such attempt is related to the use of Si optoelectronics and photonics for optical interconnections within a Si chip. In this study, the intrinsic electronic structures in the Si‐based nanostructures with different dimensions and sizes as candidates for Si optoelectronics were investigated by the DV‐Xα molecular orbital calculation, which is advantageous to simulate the valence band structures for nanomaterials. We discuss the shift of a light emission peak to a higher energy due to the quantum confinement of carriers in the Si‐based nanostructures, which depends on the sizes and numbers of structural dimensions, on the basis of the calculated results. Also, effect of doping of group IIIB and VB elements in the periodic table on the extrinsic electronic structures of the Si‐based nanostructures were clarified by combining the Vienna ab‐initio code for determining the relaxation structures around the dopants with the DV‐Xα method for simulating the valence band structures. The results obtained are useful as a measure of possibility of the Si‐based nano‐structured materials for optoelectronics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Graphic and haptic modelling of the oesophagus for VR‐based medical simulation
Authors: Choi Changmok , Kim Jungsik , Han Hyonyung , Ahn Bummo , Kim Jung 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundMedical simulators with vision and haptic feedback have been applied to many medical procedures in recent years, due to their safe and repetitive nature for training. Among the many technical components of the simulators, realistic and interactive organ modelling stands out as a key issue for judging the fidelity of the simulation. This paper describes the modelling of an oesophagus for a real‐time laparoscopic surgical simulator.MethodsFor realistic simulation, organ deformation and tissue cutting in the oesophagus are implemented with geometric organ models segmented from the Visible Human Dataset. The tissue mechanical parameters were obtained fromin vivoanimal experiments and integrated with graphic and haptic devices into the laparoscopic surgical simulation system inside an abdominal mannequin.ResultsThis platform can be used to demonstrate deformation and incision of the oesophagus by surgical instruments, where the user can haptically interact with the virtual soft tissues and simultaneously see the corresponding organ deformation on the visual display.ConclusionsCurrent laparoscopic surgical training has been transformed from the traditional apprenticeship model to simulation‐based methods. The outcome of the model could replace conventional training systems and could be useful in effectively transferring surgical skills to novice surgeons. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the impact of human activities on hydrological and sediment changes (1953–2000) in nine major catchments of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Yang Tao , Xu Chong‐Yu , Chen Xi , Singh Vijay P. , Shao Quan Xi , Hao Zhen‐Chun , Tao Xin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Range of Variability Approach (RVA) is employed to investigate the variability and spatial patterns of hydrological and sediment changes (1953–2000) induced by intensified human activities, i.e. the implementation of water and soil conservation measures, in nine major catchments of the Loess Plateau, China. Results indicate that: (1) streamflow and sediment load regimes were greatly changed by the implementation of conservation measures; (2) similar spatial patterns of high hydrological and sediment changes resulting from the intensive implementation of conservation measures are observed in most catchments of the middle Yellow River. However, slightly different behaviours of changes exist due to the unique complexity of hydrological and sediment processes in this region and (3) the impacts of various conservation measures on hydrological and sediment processes are closely associated with the extent and types of these measures. Engineering works have a quite immediate impact on streamflow and sediment regimes. Considerable vegetation controls are recognized as additional important driving forces for high hydrological and sediment alterations among various soil conservation measures. In vegetation controls, afforestation is the major factor causing the changes of runoff and sediment processes in these nine catchments. The results of the current study will be greatly beneficial to the regional water resources management and restoration of eco‐environmental system in the middle Yellow River basin characterized by intensified soil‐conservation measures under the changing environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confocal microscopy reveals Myzitiras and Vthela morphotypes as new signatures of malignancy progression
Authors: Veselý Pavel , Rösel Daniel , Paňková Daniela , Tolde Ondřej , Blase Chris , Matoušková Eva , Folk Petr , Brábek Jan , Bereiter‐Hahn Juergen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractG3S1 cells are a new line derived from EM‐G3 breast cancer cells by chronic nutritional stress and treatments with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate. These cells are capable of growing in standard medium. G3S1 cells exhibited elevated invasiveness in Matrigel invasion chambers as compared with parental EM‐G3 cells. Elevated invasiveness of G3S1 cells was accompanied by higher incidence of myzitiras morphotype (sucker‐like) and newly observed vthela morphotype (leech‐like) both inducible in Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution test. Time‐lapse phase contrast microscopy showed a capacity of G3S1 cells to form lobopodial protrusions already 20 min after seeding on gelatin. These protrusions could make contact with the dish and possibly produce the vthela shape. The possible relationship of mysitiras and vthela morphotypes to an increase in malignant potential marked by enhanced invasiveness was thus indicated. SCANNING 31: 102–106, 2009. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stem Cell Transplant into Preimplantation Embryo Yields Myocardial Infarction-Resistant Adult Phenotype
Authors: Yamada Satsuki , Nelson Timothy J. , Behfar Atta , Crespo-Diaz Ruben J. , Fraidenraich Diego , Terzic Andre 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Stem cells are an emerging strategy for treatment of myocardial infarction, limited however to postinjury intervention. Preventive stem cell-based therapy to augment stress tolerance has yet to be considered for lifelong protection. Here, pluripotent stem cells were microsurgically introduced at the blastocyst stage of murine embryo development to ensure stochastic integration and sustained organ contribution. Engineered chimera displayed excess in body weight due to increased fat deposits, but were otherwise devoid of obesity-related morbidity. Remarkably, and in sharp contrast to susceptible nonchimeric offspring, chimera was resistant to myocardial infarction induced by permanent coronary occlusion. Infarcted nonchimeric adult hearts demonstrated progressive deterioration in ejection fraction, while age-matched 12–14-months-old chimera recovered from equivalent ischemic insult to regain within one-month preocclusion contractile performance. Electrical remodeling and ventricular enlargement with fibrosis, prominent in failing nonchimera, were averted in the chimeric cohort characterized by an increased stem cell load in adipose tissue and upregulated markers of biogenesis Ki67, c-Kit, and stem cell antigen-1 in the myocardium. Favorable outcome in infarcted chimera translated into an overall benefit in workload capacity and survival. Thus, prenatal stem cell transplant yields a cardioprotective phenotype in adulthood, expanding cell-based indications beyond traditional postinjury applications to include pre-emptive therapy.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Use of serum progesterone measurements to reduce need for follow‐up in women with pregnancies of unknown location
Authors: Day A. , Sawyer E. , Mavrelos D. , Tailor A. , Helmy S. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of a progesterone‐based algorithm for the management of women with pregnancies of unknown location (PULs) and explore the feasibility of developing a single‐visit strategy in those with a low risk of requiring medical intervention.MethodsAll clinically stable women in whom pregnancy could not be identified on ultrasound scan were managed by a pre‐defined protocol based on measurement of serum progesterone and β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG). Intervention in the form of surgery or medical treatment with methotrexate was offered to all women with persistent or worsening symptoms and non‐declining serum β‐hCG. Decision‐tree analysis was used to develop a protocol for the management of women with resolving pregnancies who are at low risk of requiring medical intervention.Results1110 women were included in the data analysis: normal intrauterine pregnancy was diagnosed in 248 (22.3%; 95% CI, 19.9–24.8) women. 761 (68.6%; 95% CI, 65.8–71.3) abnormal pregnancies resolved spontaneously on expectant management, while the remaining 101 (9.1%; 95% CI, 7.4–10.8) women with abnormal pregnancies required some form of medical intervention. Intervention rates in patients presenting with initial serum progesterone levels of ≤ 20 nmol/L and ≤ 10 nmol/L, were 3.9% (95% CI, 2.4–5.4) and 2.1% (95% CI, 0.9–3.3), respectively. In women presenting with progesterone ≤ 10 nmol/L and β‐hCG < 450 IU/L, the intervention rate was 1.3% (95% CI, 0.2–2.5).ConclusionWomen with PULs with progesterone ≤ 10 nmol/L at presentation are at low risk of requiring medical intervention and may not benefit from attending routine follow‐up visits. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SiC Nanorods Grown on Electrospun Nanofibers Using Tb as Catalyst: Fabrication, Characterization, and Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Zhou Jin-Yuan , Chen Zhi-Yong , Zhou Ming , Gao Xiu-Ping , Xie Er-Qing 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Well-crystallizedβ-SiC nanorods grown on electrospun nanofibers were synthesized by carbothermal reduction of Tb doped SiO2(SiO2:Tb) nanofibers at 1,250 °C. The as-synthesized SiC nanorods were 100–300 nm in diameter and 2–3 μm in length. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results suggested that the growth of the SiC nanorods should be governed by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism with Tb metal as catalyst. Tb(NO3)3particles on the surface of the electrospun nanofibers were decomposed at 500 °C and later reduced to the formation of Tb nanoclusters at 1,200 °C, and finally the formation of a Si–C–Tb ally droplet will stimulate the VLS growth at 1,250 °C. Microstructure of the nanorod was further investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that SiC <111> is the preferred initial growth direction. The liquid droplet was identified to be Si86Tb14, which acted as effective catalyst. Strong green emissions were observed from the SiC nanorod samples. Four characteristic photoluminescence (PL) peaks of Tb ions were also identified.
One-Dimensional Nanostructures and Devices of II–V Group Semiconductors
Authors: Shen Guozhen , Chen Di 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The II–V group semiconductors, with narrow band gaps, are important materials with many applications in infrared detectors, lasers, solar cells, ultrasonic multipliers, and Hall generators. Since the first report on trumpet-like Zn3P2nanowires, one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures of II–V group semiconductors have attracted great research attention recently because these special 1-D nanostructures may find applications in fabricating new electronic and optoelectronic nanoscale devices. This article covers the 1-D II–V semiconducting nanostructures that have been synthesized till now, focusing on nanotubes, nanowires, nanobelts, and special nanostructures like heterostructured nanowires. Novel electronic and optoelectronic devices built on 1-D II–V semiconducting nanostructures will also be discussed, which include metal–insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors, metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors, andp–n heterojunction photodiode. We intent to provide the readers a brief account of these exciting research activities.
What factors influence the measurement properties of the Roland–Morris disability questionnaire?
Authors: Demoulin Christophe , Ostelo Raymond , Knottnerus J. André , Smeets Rob J.E.M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough the Roland disability questionnaire (RDQ) is a commonly used questionnaire for patients with low back pain (LBP), several important issues remain understudied. The purposes of this study were to investigate the impact that several parameters (length of test–retest interval, interpretation of the global perceived effect (GPE) scores, methods to estimate standard error of measurement (SEM), intervention and baseline scores) have on various measurement properties, such as agreement (Limits of Agreement (LOA), SEMagreement), responsiveness (area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity) and interpretability (optimal cut‐off point, Minimal Detectable Change), of the RDQ.RDQ was administered four times to 212 patients with chronic non‐specific LBP (first consultation (T‐1), eligibility check (T0), randomization/start of treatment (T1) and end of treatment (T2)). They also completed a GPE scale at T2. To study the influence of length of test interval between T‐1, T0 and T1, six time intervals were assessed. Analyses of the impact of parameters on responsiveness and interpretability were based on the GPE score and on RDQ score changes (T1 versus T2).Results revealed that agreement parameters decreased with increasing time interval between test–retest. They confirmed the influence of the interpretation of the GPE as well as of the method to calculate the SEM on the magnitude of the Minimal Detectable Change and ROC parameters. Baseline RDQ scores and the way to cluster patients with regard to baseline scores influenced mainly the optimal cut‐off point and responsiveness parameters; intervention did not affect the magnitude of the Minimal Detectable Change.
Changes in land use alter the structure of bacterial communities in Western Amazon soils
Authors: da C Jesus Ederson , Marsh Terence L , Tiedje James M , de S Moreira Fatima M 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Here we show how agricultural practices by indigenous peoples as well as forest recovery relate to the structure and composition of Amazon soil bacterial communities. Soil samples were collected in different land use systems and bacterial community composition and diversity were explored by T-RFLP, cloning and sequencing, and data were analyzed with multivariate techniques. The main differences in bacterial community structure were related to changes in the soil attributes that, in turn, were correlated to land use. Community structure changed significantly along gradients of base saturation, [Al3+] and pH. The relationship with soil attributes accounted for about 31% of the variation of the studied communities. Clear differences were observed in community composition as shown by the differential distribution of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria. Similarity between primary and secondary forest communities indicates the recovery of bacterial community structure during succession. Pasture and crop soil communities were among the most diverse, showing that these land use types did not deplete bacterial diversity under the conditions found in our sites.
How competent are trainee and newly qualified counsellors to work with Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual clients and what do they perceive as their most effective learning experiences?
Authors: Grove Jan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim: Professional therapy organisations promote the importance of working with difference, yet subtle negative biases towards lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients continue. Issues of competence in this area have only recently been addressed. This research aims to study the effectiveness of training to support therapists working with LGB clients in Britain. Method: Students (past and present) of an integrative counselling diploma course completed questionnaires including: background details, a Sexual Orientation Counselor Competence scale (Bidell, 2005), and two qualitative questions about previous learning relating to LGB issues. Quantitative analysis utilising a one way ANOVA test was used to compare the levels of competence at different times in training, and grounded theory to analyse the qualitative responses. Results: Results show that students have a high level of awareness, although a lower level measured in year two of the programme. The qualitative results indicate the learning value of personal experiences. Further themes describe the ways in which students learnt about LGB issues. Discussion: The reduction in scores for awareness may indicate that training facilitates a deeper understanding of self. Key themes indicate the importance of challenging old internal working models of sexual orientation. Implications for practice: The results will enable competences and effective learning experiences to be mapped in the curriculum.
Exploring client contribution in a cognitive intervention for test anxiety
Authors: Dundas Ingrid , Anderssen Norman , Wormnes Bjørn , Hauge Helge 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim: To study client contributions in cognitive therapy. Specifically, to study ways of making an intervention against test anxiety work, based on interviews with 32 test‐anxious university students. Method: Interviews after their first examination following the intervention were analysed using a thematic analysis. Results: Although most participants reacted positively to the intervention, concerns emerged that adopting positive self‐statements might be deceptive. Concerns about the untruthfulness of positive self‐statements led clients to generate several possible resolutions, namely, to examine flaws in negative self‐statements, to realise that there is more than one realistic way to construe things, to consider the evidence in the form of reduced anxiety, to consider manageable steps, and to seek interpersonal validation of positive self‐statements. Conclusions: The results offer concrete resolutions developed by clients that might be useful for other clients who have reservations about positive self‐statements.
Informing supervision practice through research: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Crocket Kathie , Pentecost Mandy , Cresswell Robyn , Paice Cushla , Tollestrup Deirdre , de Vries Margreet , Wolfe Rachel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIntention:This study focused on questions of whether and how clients benefit from supervision. As practitioner research, the study was intended to shape the researchers’ own supervision practice.Method:The qualitative approach was based on interviews with a small number of experienced practitioners about their supervision experiences. The findings are presented in the form of reflexive stories, told by each researcher.Findings:In these stories the researchers tell how engagement with experienced practitioners’ accounts of their past supervision shaped the hopes and intentions the researchers hold for their future supervision.Implications forpractice:The stories suggest there are therapeutic benefits in an ethic of transparency that provides for practices that overtly carry stories in both directions between counselling and supervision.
Cognitive errors, coping patterns, and the therapeutic alliance: A pilot study of in‐session process
Authors: D'iuso D. , Blake E. , Fitzpatrick M. , Drapeau M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim: This exploratory study examined the association between clients’ assessment of the therapeutic alliance and their cognitive errors (CE) and coping action patterns (CAP). Method: Selected therapy sessions of clients (N = 26) were rated for cognitive errors and coping action patterns using the CERS and CAPRS methods (Drapeau, Perry, & Dunkley, 2008; Perry, Drapeau, & Dunkley, 2005). The therapeutic alliance was assessed using the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI; Horvath & Greenberg, 1989). Results: Following Bonferroni corrections, no significant relationship was found between clients’ CEs and their ratings of the WAI. However, the ‘Negotiation’ CAP was associated with the total alliance score, and with the Task and Goal subscales. Implications: A better understanding of the cognitive processes presented by clients in session can enable clinicians to address these factors early on when the alliance is most critical.
‘Seeing beyond the battled body’ – An insight into selfhood and identity from women's accounts who self‐harm with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Walker Tammi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground: Self‐harm (self poisoning and self‐injury) is broadly characterised as any act intended to harm one's own body, without a conscious intent to die. Research indicates that when practitioners encounter self‐harm they often remain anxious, fearful, frustrated, and challenged about such individuals, principally because they are constrained to understand and respond to self‐harm almost exclusively within a problematised discourse (Walker, 2006). That is, a problem that must be diagnosed and contained. Women who self‐harm with a diagnosis of BPD are often portrayed as being risky, chaotic and their identity can be unstable. The aim of this study was to examine and explore the subjective experiences of women who self‐harm with a diagnosis of BPD.Participants: Four women who had a history of self‐harming behaviour with the diagnosis of BPD volunteered for the study.Method: Face‐to‐face, in‐depth narrative interviews were undertaken and were analysed within a framework which drew upon aspects of the ‘performance’ (Langellier, 1989; 2001) and ‘narrative thematic’ approaches (Reissman, 1993).Findings: Two of the participant's accounts illustrate how their self‐harming appeared to have affected their selfhood and sense of agency. They discuss how the external signs of self‐harm may take over their identity and how others communicate and interact with them. Despite the problematic nature of self‐harm implications for practice are highlighted which practitioners may draw upon in their work around self‐harm.
1 Education for Social Hygiene
Authors: Simmons Christina 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Social hygiene reform developed in the 1910s from the coalescence of the religious social purity movement and the more scientifically inclined antivenereal disease movement. Social hygienists, many of them physicians, claimed science rather than morality as the basis of their proposals. They promoted conservative sex education that sustained Victorian ideas of gender segregation and difference and idealized motherhood and marriage. Nevertheless, they challenged public reticence about sexuality because they believed prostitution and venereal disease represented so great a social threat that ignorance could no longer be tolerated. Sex education programs provided opportunity for some white women to articulate and criticize men's power and sexual freedom. African American participants promoted better sexual health for blacks and challenged racist understandings of venereal disease.