bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framework and Tool for Rapid Assessment of Stream Susceptibility to Hydromodification1
Authors: Bledsoe Brian P. , Stein Eric D. , Hawley Robert J. , Booth Derek 
Published: April 2012

Bledsoe, Brian P., Eric D. Stein, Robert J. Hawley, and Derek Booth, 2012. Framework and Tool for Rapid Assessment of Stream Susceptibility to Hydromodification. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 788‐808. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00653.xAbstract:  Changes in streamflow and sediment loading associated with urban development have the potential to exacerbate channel erosion, and result in impacts to wetland, riparian, and stream habitats, as well as infrastructure and property losses. The typical “one‐size‐fits‐all” management prescription of flow control with retention or detention basins has not been wholly effective, pointing to a need for improved management strategies and tools for mitigating the impacts of “hydromodification.” We present an approach for developing screening‐level tools for assessing channel susceptibility to hydromodification, and describe a novel tool for rapid, field‐based assessments of the relative susceptibility of stream segments. The tool is based on the results of extensive field surveys, which indicate that susceptibility is the driver of channel response, not the magnitude of urbanization. A combination of relatively simple, but quantitative, field indicators are used as input parameters for a set of decision trees that follow a logical progression in assigning categorical susceptibility ratings to the channel segment being assessed. The susceptibility rating informs the level of data collection, modeling, and ultimate mitigation efforts that can be expected for a particular stream segment type. The screening approach represents a critical first step toward tailoring hydromodification management strategies and mitigation measures to different stream types and geomorphic settings.
A Question of Boundaries: The Importance of “Revenuesheds” for Watershed Protection1
Authors: Patterson Lauren A. , Hughes Jeffrey , Barnes Glenn , Berahzer Stacey I. 
Published: April 2012

Patterson, Lauren A., Jeffrey Hughes, Glenn Barnes, and Stacey I. Berahzer, 2012. A Question of Boundaries: The Importance of “Revenuesheds” for Watershed Protection. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 838‐848. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00655.xAbstract:  Watersheds transcend jurisdictional boundaries; raising important questions of who should pay for watershed protection, and how can watershed governance be funded? The responsibility and cost for watershed protection has progressively devolved to local governments, resulting in additional negative externalities and financing challenges. Watershed governance structures have formed at the scale of the watershed, but they often lack the financing mechanisms needed to achieve policy goals. Financing mechanisms via local governments provide a reliable source of revenue and the flexibility to address watershed specific issues. We develop a “revenueshed” approach to access the initial challenges local governments face when seeking to finance trans‐jurisdictional watershed governance. The revenueshed approach engages local governments into discussion and implementation of financial strategies for collaborative watershed governance. Legislation places water quality regulations primarily on local governments inside the watershed. The revenueshed approach extends the financial and stewardship discussion to include local governments outside the watershed that benefit from the watershed. We applied the revenueshed approach to the Mills River and Upper Neuse watersheds in North Carolina. Mills River had a partnership governance seeking revenue for specific projects, whereas the Upper Neuse sought long‐term financial stability to meet new water quality legislation.
Implant removal by means of an expansion of the alveolar bony crest: report of a clinical technique
Authors: Beolchini M. , Lilliu S. , Faria P. , Botticelli D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  To describe the adaptation of the Edentulous Ridge Expansion (E.R.E.) technique for implant removal.Material and Methods:  The E.R.E. technique for the removal of failed implants is described in detail. A clinical case is also reported. In a patient carrying a full arch removable prosthesis in the upper jaw, sustained by two bars, two out of five implants were found to be fractured. Bucco‐lingual partial‐thickness flaps were used to access the fractured implants. The implants were subsequently removed applying the E.R.E. technique. Two recipient sites were prepared in the same position, using bone expanders, and two new implants were installed.Results:  After 4 months of healing, the implants were integrated and a new bar was fabricated, and the old prosthesis readapted.Conclusion:  The ERE technique may be successfully applied for the removal of failed implants, and the immediate or delayed reinstallation of new implants.
Modulation of Bladder Afferent Activity by Propiverine and its Active Metabolites (M‐1 and M‐2) in Rats
Authors: MATSUMOTO Yoshihiro , TORIMOTO Kazumasa , HAYASHI Yukio , NANRI Masato , KINIWA Mamoru , HIRAO Yoshihiko , YOSHIMURA Naoki 
Published: April 2012

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of propiverine and its active metabolites (M‐1 and M‐2) on bladder function through modulation of afferent activity in rats.Methods: Cystometry was performed in urethane anesthetized female rats. We examined the effects of intravesical administration of propiverine, M‐1 and M‐2 on bladder overactivity induced by oxotremorine‐M (Oxo‐M; non‐selective mAChR agonist).Results: Intravesical administration of Oxo‐M (200 µM) elicited bladder overactivity as evidenced by decreased intercontraction interval (ICI) and pressure threshold (PT) without changing maximum voiding pressure or baseline pressure. These effects were blocked by intravesical administration of propiverine (30 µM) or M‐2 (300 µM). Intravesical administration of M‐1 (30 µM) alone increased ICI and PT, but did not prevent Oxo‐M‐induced decreases in ICI and PT.Conclusion: These results suggest that propiverine and M‐2 have anticholinergic effects on bladder afferent activity and that M‐1 has an inhibitory effect through the mechanism other than muscarinic receptor modulation. Thus, clinical benefits of propiverine in patients with overactive bladder could be mediated by multiple actions of propiverine and its active metabolites.
A thoracic surgeon's perspective on the elastofibroma dorsi: A benign tumor of the deep infrascapular region
Authors: Findikcioglu Alper , Kilic Dalokay , Karadayi Şule , Canpolat Tuba , Reyhan Mehmet , Hatipoglu Ahmet 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:  An elastofibroma is a benign, soft‐tissue tumor and is important in the differential diagnosis of thoracic wall masses. Here, patients with elastofibromas who underwent thoracic surgery were retrospectively reviewed to elucidate elastofibroma formation and to facilitate the differential diagnosis.Methods:  This is a retrospective and descriptive study of a series of 30 patients with elastofibroma dorsi. The data was obtained by review of the hospital records.Results:  There were 27 female and three male patients (mean age, 55.13 ± 8.7 years) with a total of 42 elastofibroma dorsi tumors (12 bilateral cases, 18 unilateral cases) diagnosed between January 2004 and October 2011. Twenty patients (67%) underwent surgery as a result of subscapular swelling and pain. In 10 (33%) asymptomatic patients, elastofibromas were found incidentally during a thoracotomy. Imaging methods in symptomatic patients included computerized tomography (15 cases), magnetic resonance (three), and ultrasonography (two). For five patients, fluorodeoxyglucose uptake values were available and revealed mild metabolic activity in the elastofibromas. Elastofibromas were significantly larger in symptomatic patients (8.15 ± 1.9 vs. 6.2 ± 2.3; P= 0.02). Exposure to long‐term repetitive micro‐trauma was a precipitating factor in 23 (77%) patients. Seroma formation, the most common surgical complication, was observed in 40% of patients.Conclusion:  The differential diagnosis of elastofibroma dorsi is straightforward, and preoperative histology is unnecessary when the clinical, radiological, and metabolic characteristics are known. Repetitive micro‐trauma may predispose to hyperproliferation of fibroelastic tissue, and genetics may also play a role. Surgical treatment can be reserved for cases with severe symptoms.
Beam characteristics in two different proton uniform scanning systems: A side‐by‐side comparison
Authors: Nichiporov Dmitri , Hsi Wen , Farr Jonathan 
Published: April 2012

Purpose:To compare clinically relevant dosimetric characteristics of proton therapy fields produced by two uniform scanning systems that have a number of similar hardware components but employ different techniques of beam spreading.Methods:This work compares two technologically distinct systems implementing a method of uniform scanning and layer stacking that has been developed independently at Indiana University (IU) and by Ion Beam Applications, S. A. (IBA). Clinically relevant dosimetric characteristics of fields produced by these systems are studied, such as beam range control, peak‐to‐entrance ratio (PER), lateral penumbra, field flatness, effective source position, precision of dose delivery at different gantry angles, etc.Results:Under comparable conditions, both systems controlled beam range with an accuracy of 0.5 mm and a precision of 0.1 mm. Compared to IBA, the IU system produced pristine peaks with a slightly higher PER (3.23 and 3.45, respectively) and smaller, symmetrical, lateral in‐air penumbra of 1 mm compared to about 1.9/2.4 mm in the inplane/crossplane (IP/CP) directions for IBA. Large field flatness results in the IP/CP directions were similar: 3.0/2.4% for IU and 2.9/2.4% for IBA. The IU system featured a longer virtual source‐to‐isocenter position, which was the same for the IP and CP directions (237 cm), as opposed to 212/192 cm (IP/CP) for IBA. Dose delivery precision at different gantry angles was higher in the IBA system (0.5%) than in the IU system (1%).Conclusions:Each of the two uniform scanning systems considered in this work shows some attractive performance characteristics while having other features that can be further improved. Overall, radiation field characteristics of both systems meet their clinical specifications and show comparable results. Most of the differences observed between the two systems are clinically insignificant.
Increasing the oscillation frequency of strong magnetic fields above 101 kHz significantly raises peripheral nerve excitation thresholds
Authors: Weinberg Irving N. , Stepanov Pavel Y. , Fricke Stanley T. , Probst Roland , Urdaneta Mario , Warnow Daniel , Sanders Howard , Glidden Steven C. , McMillan Alan , Starewicz Piotr M. , Reilly J. Patrick 
Published: April 2012

Purpose:A time‐varying magnetic field can cause unpleasant peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) when the maximum excursion of the magnetic field (ΔB) is above a frequency‐dependent threshold level [P. Mansfield and P. R. Harvey, Magn. Reson. Med. 29, 746–758 (1993)]. Clinical and research magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient systems have been designed to avoid such bioeffects by adhering to regulations and guidelines established on the basis of clinical trials. Those trials, generally employing sinusoidal waveforms, tested human responses to magnetic fields at frequencies between 0.5 and 10 kHz [W. Irnich and F. Schmitt, Magn. Reson. Med. 33, 619–623 (1995), T. F. Budinger et al., J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 15, 909–914 (1991), and D. J. Schaefer et al., J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 12, 20–29 (2000)]. PNS thresholds for frequencies higher than 10 kHz had been extrapolated, using physiological models [J. P. Reilly et al., IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME‐32(12), 1001–1011 (1985)]. The present study provides experimental data on human PNS thresholds to oscillating magnetic field stimulation from 2 to 183 kHz. Sinusoidal waveforms were employed for several reasons: (1) to facilitate comparison with earlier reports that used sine waves, (2) because prior designers of fast gradient hardware for generalized waveforms (e.g., including trapezoidal pulses) have employed quarter‐sine‐wave resonant circuits to reduce the rise‐ and fall‐times of pulse waveforms, and (3) because sinusoids are often used in fast pulse sequences (e.g., spiral scans) [S. Nowak, U.S. patent 5,245,287 (14 September 1993) and K. F. King and D. J. Schaefer, J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 12, 164–170 (2000)].Methods:An IRB‐approved prospective clinical trial was performed, involving 26 adults, in which one wrist was exposed to decaying sinusoidal magnetic field pulses at frequencies from 2 to 183 kHz and amplitudes up to 0.4 T. Sham exposures (i.e., with no magnetic fields) were applied to all subjects.Results:For 0.4 T pulses at 2, 25, 59, 101, and 183 kHz, stimulation was reported by 22 (84.6%), 24 (92.3%), 15 (57.7%), 2 (7.7%), and 1 (3.8%) subjects, respectively.Conclusions:The probability of PNS due to brief biphasic time‐varying sinusoidal magnetic fields with magnetic excursions up to 0.4 T is shown to decrease significantly at and above 101 kHz. This phenomenon may have particular uses in dynamic scenarios (e.g., cardiac imaging) and in studying processes with short decay times (e.g., electron paramagnetic resonance imaging, bone and solids imaging). The study suggests the possibility of new designs for human and preclinical MRI systems that may be useful in clinical practice and scientific research.
Beam properties and stability of a flattening‐filter free 7 MV beam—An overview
Authors: Dzierma Yvonne , Licht Norbert , Nuesken Frank , Ruebe Christian 
Published: April 2012

Purpose:Several works have recently focused on flattening‐filter‐free (FFF) beams of linear accelerators of various companies (in particular, Varian and Elekta), but no overview as yet exists for the flattening‐filter free 7XU beam (Siemens Artiste).Methods:Dosimetric properties of the 7XU beam were measured in May and September 2011. We present depth dose curves and beam profiles, output factors, and MLC transmission and assess the stability of the measurements. The 7XU beam was commissioned in the Pinnacle³ treatment planning system (TPS), and modeling results including the spectrum are presented.Results:The percent depth dose curve of the 7XU beam is similar to the flat 6X beam line, with a slightly smaller surface dose. The beam profiles show the characteristic shape of flattening‐filter free beams, with deviations between measurements of generally less than 1%. The output factors of the 7XU beam decrease more slowly than for the 6X beam. The MLC transmission is comparable but slightly less for the 7XU beam. The 7XU beam can be adequately modeled by the Pinnacle³ TPS, with successful dosimetric verification. The spectrum of the 7XU beam has lower photon fluence up to approximately 2.5 MeV and higher fluence beyond, with a slightly higher mean energy.Conclusions:The 7XU beam has been commissioned for clinical use after successful modeling, stability checks, and dosimetric verification.
Engineering a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon for Temperature-Dependent Product Formation
Authors: Basen Mirko , Sun Junsong , Adams Michael W. W. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Microorganisms growing near the boiling point have enormous biotechnological potential but only recently have molecular engineering tools become available for them. We have engineered the hyperthermophilic archaeon
Pyrococcus furiosus
, which grows optimally at 100°C, to switch its end products of fermentation in a temperature-controlled fashion without the need for chemical inducers. The recombinant strain (LAC) expresses a gene (
ldh
) encoding lactate dehydrogenase from the moderately thermophilic
Caldicellulosiruptor bescii
(optimal growth temperature [
T
opt
] of 78°C) controlled by a “cold shock” promoter that is upregulated when cells are transferred from 98°C to 72°C. At 98°C, the LAC strain fermented sugar to produce acetate and hydrogen as end products, and lactate was not detected. When the LAC strain was grown at 72°C, up to 3 mM lactate was produced instead. Expression of a gene from a moderately thermophilic bacterium in a hyperthermophilic archaeon at temperatures at which the hyperthermophile has low metabolic activity provides a new perspective to engineering microorganisms for bioproduct and biofuel formation.

IMPORTANCE
Extremely thermostable enzymes from microorganisms that grow near or above the boiling point of water are already used in biotechnology. However, the use of hyperthermophilic microorganisms themselves for biotechnological applications has been limited by the lack of their genetic accessibility. Recently, a genetic system for
Pyrococcus furiosus
, which grows optimally near 100°C, was developed in our laboratory. In this study, we present the first heterologous protein expression system for a microorganism that grows optimally at 100°C, a first step towards the potential expression of genes involved in biomass degradation or biofuel production in hyperthermophiles. Moreover, we developed the first system for specific gene induction in
P. furiosus
. As the cold shock promoter for protein expression used in this study is activated at suboptimal growth temperatures of
P. furiosus
, it is a powerful genetic tool for protein expression with minimal interference of the host’s metabolism and without the need for chemical inducers.
De novo development of dural arteriovenous fistula after endovascular embolization of pial arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Paramasivam Srinivasan , Toma Naoki , Niimi Yasunari , Berenstein Alejandro 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundThe development of de novo dural arteriovenous fistula(s) following endovascular embolization of a prior high-flow pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) has not previously been reported and the natural history is unknown. The anatomic basis, pathophysiologic mechanism, management and outcome are discussed.MethodsTreatment-completed congenital PAVFs treated at our center between January 2005 and August 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Among 16 cases of PAVFs treated by endovascular embolization, four developed de novo dural arteriovenous fistulas during treatment or on follow-up that were not present before treatment. Information was collected from the clinical case records, imaging by MRI on presentation and during follow-up, all angiographic images and records during each of the procedures and during follow-up.ResultsThe time interval between the last embolization and identification of a dural fistula ranged from 3 to 14 months. Ten fistulas were identified in four patients, seven of which were embolized, four with glue, two with Onyx18 and one with absolute alcohol. None recanalized, while one patient developed fistula in an adjacent location that was subsequently treated with radiosurgery. Not all fistulas need treatment; small fistulas with a minimal flow can safely be observed.ConclusionsDe novo dural fistulas following endovascular embolization of high-flow PAVFs is not an uncommon development. They are mostly asymptomatic and develop anywhere along the drainage of the fistula, maturing over time and diagnosed during follow-up studies, emphasizing the need for follow-up angiography. They can be effectively treated by endovascular embolization. Localized refractory dural fistulas can be dealt with by radiosurgery.
LIGHT Delivery to Tumors by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mobilizes an Effective Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Zou Weibin , Zheng Huilin , He Tong-Chuan , Chang Jinjia , Fu Yang-Xin , Fan Weimin 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been shown to home into tumor tissues, where they promote tumor growth and suppress immune rejection. In this study, we tested whether MSCs engineered to express the immune stimulating factor LIGHT, a member of the TNF superfamily, could induce tumor regression. Using in vitro and in vivo migration assays, we found that LIGHT-expressing MSCs (MSC-L) displayed a strong tropism for tumor tissues. MSC-L treatment activated the LIGHT-signaling pathway, effectively organizing a potent antitumor immune response that stimulated an influx of T cells and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. CD4 T cells were found to play a role in the induction phase of the immune response, and CD8 T cells were shown to be essential for the effector phase. Together, our findings indicate that MSCs can effectively home into and deliver immune stimulating molecules to tumor tissues, thereby reversing the immune-suppressive environment, promoting antitumor immunity, and inhibiting tumor growth. Cancer Res; 72(12); 2980–9. ©2012 AACR.
A Phase I Clinical Trial of Ad5.SSTR/TK.RGD, a Novel Infectivity-Enhanced Bicistronic Adenovirus, in Patients with Recurrent Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Kim Kenneth H. , Dmitriev Igor , O'Malley Janis P. , Wang Minghui , Saddekni Souheil , You Zhiying , Preuss Meredith A. , Harris Raymond D. , Aurigemma Rosemarie , Siegal Gene P. , Zinn Kurt R. , Curiel David T. , Alvarez Ronald D. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Ad5.SSTR/TK.RGD is an infectivity-enhanced adenovirus expressing a therapeutic thymidine kinase suicide gene and a somatostatin receptor (SSTR) that allows for noninvasive gene transfer imaging. The purpose of this study was to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), toxicities, clinical efficacy, and biologic effects of Ad5.SSTR/TK.RGD in patients with recurrent gynecologic cancer.
Experimental Design: Eligible patients were treated intraperitoneally for 3 days with 1 × 109 to 1 × 1012 vp/dose of Ad5.SSTR/TK.RGD followed by intravenous ganciclovir for 14 days. Toxicity and clinical efficacy were assessed using Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) Adverse Events grading and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. Imaging using In-111 pentetreotide was obtained before and after treatment. Tissue samples were obtained to evaluate for gene transfer, generation of wild-type virus, viral shedding, and antibody response.
Results: Twelve patients were treated in three cohorts. The most common vector-related clinical toxicities were grade I/II constitutional or pain symptoms, experienced most often in patients treated at the highest dose. MTD was not identified. Five patients showed stable disease; all others experienced progressive disease. One patient with stable disease experienced complete resolution of disease and normalization of CA125 on further follow-up. Imaging detected increased In-111 pentetreotide retention in patients treated at the highest dose. Ancillary studies showed presence of Ad5.SSTR/TK.RGD virus and HSV1-tk expression in ascites samples collected at various time points in most patients treated within the higher dose cohorts.
Conclusions: This study shows the safety, potential efficacy, and possible gene transfer imaging capacity of Ad5.SSTR/TK.RGD in patients with recurrent gynecologic cancer. Further development of this novel gene therapeutic appears to be warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 18(12); 3440–51. ©2012 AACR.