bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weed and herbivorous insect population densities at the broad spatial scale: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Zygogramma suturalis F. (Col., Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Reznik S. Ya. , Belokobyl'skiy S. A. , Lobanov A. L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractZ. suturalis was introduced into Russia in 1978 to control against the common ragweed. Weed and insect population densities were estimated in 1988–1989 over 250 km2. Absolute (beetles per m2) density of Z. suturalis was almost linear with the ragweed density (wet weight per m2). Relative (beetles per kg of ragweed) density was independent of ragweed density. Last year's absolute density of Z. suturalis significantly influences current relative insect density, but its influence on the absolute insect density is overpowered by the influence of the current ragweed density. Obviously, just the plant and not the insect is the driving force in their interactions. The introduction results can be considered as establishment and moderate biological success, but not as control success. Host impact is very low because of low relative population density of Z. suturalis. Local patches with high Z. suturalis density, which are usually located in field margins, do not play an important role in total population density determinations. Possibly, field nurseries, i.e. large uncultivated sites grown with ragweed, could be a promising method of Z. suturalis propagation.
The importance of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Col., Coccinellidae) in the control of the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hom., Coccoidea) under specific conditions
Authors: Hamid H. A. , Michelakis S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOn potted orange trees, infested with the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso), in a greenhouse the predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant was released in 3 predator: prey ratios (1:10, 9 beetles; 1:15, 6 beetles; and 1:30, 3 beetles).The effect of C. montrouzieri on populations of the citrus mealybug was also compared with Nephus reunioni Furs (Col., Coccinellidae) and a chemical (methidathion) under controlled temperature (25–30°C) and relative humidity (55–70%), where mealybugs were maintained on pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata (Duch.)). Five adults beetles of each predator were released. Methidathion was applied at a concentration of 0.1%.In this study the predator C. montrouzieri effectively reduced mealybug populations. The predator: prey ratio 1:15, 6 in most cases, resulted in lower mealybug populations. When compared with N. reunioni, C. montrouzieri caused a significant reduction in mealybug populations. In most cases, significant differences were not detected between C. montrouzieri and methidathion. This indicates the effectiveness of the predator C. montrouzieri in the control of the citrus mealybug populations.
Untersuchungen zur Temperaturabhängigkeit der Eonymphen‐Pronymphen Umwandlung bei der Fichtengespinstblattwespe Cephalcia abietis L. (Hym., Pamphiliidae)
Authors: Baier U. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInvestigation of the temperature dependence of the eonymph‐pronymph transformation of the spruce webspinning sawfly Cephalcia abietis L. (Hym., Pamphiliidae)The larvae of the Spruce Webspinning Sawfly, Cephalcia abietis L., a pest infesting old spruce stands, show very different diapause behaviour. The different diapause in the eonymph stages causes a differing generation‐development duration (1–3 years) which renders difficult a prognosis of the hatching time. The present study was carried out in order to estimate the temperature dependency of the development of the eonymph‐pronymph transformation.ZusammenfassungDie Eonymphen‐Pronymphen Umwandlung der Fichtengespinstblattwespe Cephalcia abietis L. ist von der Temperatur abhängig. Erst ab Temperaturen von 13°C entwickeln sich Eonymphen unter Laborbedingungen zum Pronymphenstadium P4 weiter. Die optimale Entwicklungstemperatur liegt dabei zwischen 13°C und 22°C. Die Entwicklungsdauer dieses Umwandlungsprozesses wird wesentlich vom Zeitpunkt der Probeentnahme der Eonymphen im Freiland bestimmt. Eine Verpuppung der Pronymphen erfolgte erst nach einer Wintersimulation von mindestens 2 Monaten bei Temperaturen von — 1°C.Die Dauer des Überliegens bei der Fichtengespinstblattwespe wird nach den vorliegenden Untersuchungen durch den Temperaturverlauf gesteuert.
Pathogenicity ofBeauveria bassiana(Bals.) Vuill. andVerticillium lecanii(Zimm.) toward blister beetle,Lytta nuttaliSay (Col., Meloidae)
Authors: Miranpuri G. S. , Khachatourians G. G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the Saskatchewan prairies Nuttall blister beetleLytta nuttaliSay is a sporadic pest of forages, canola, faba beans (Vicia faba) and a variety of other crops like lupin (Lupinusspp.) and vetch (Vicia sativa). In this study we examined the effectiveness of variousB. bassianastrains isolated from Russian wheat aphid,Diuraphis noxia(Mordv.) (DN 8806 and DN 8804); the greenbug,Schizaphis graminum(Rond.) (SG 8601, SG 8702, SG 8701) and GK 2016, USSR 2553; DAOM 210569, DAOM 144746; DAOM 71453; ATCC 44860 andVerticillium lecaniiATCC 46578.B. bassianastrain SG 8702 proved to be the most effective. Different strains ofB. bassianaused in this study were found more pathogenic to Nuttall blister beetle thanV. lecanii.Bioassays conducted using conidiospores, blastospores or its extracellular fraction with SG 8702 showed effective mortality. The results revealed that possibly fungal toxins may be involved in the early mortality observed with someB. bassianaisolates.
Zum Vorkommen räuberischer Fliegen aus der Familie Hypotidae (Dipt., Empidoidea) in Gewächshäusern sowie zur prädatorischen Leistung zweier Fliegenarten der Gattung Platypalpus Marquart
Authors: Kühne K.‐St. , Schrameyer K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOn the occurrence of predatory flies of the family Hypotidae (Dipt., Empidoidea) in greenhouses and on the predatory efficiency of two species of the genus Platypalpus MarquartThis study provides an overview of the natural occurrence of predatory flies of the family Hypotidae in greenhouses using a reduced amount of pesticides. Five Platypalpus‐species, as well as T. arrogans L. and S. nubila Coll. completed their life cycle under glass. S. nubila was found to be a predator of Thysanoptera larvae. The predatory efficiency of two of the most common flies, P. minutus Meig. and P. annulatus Fall., was estimated as 2.4 individuals per day predator. Aphids and wasps were not killed. The activity during daytime increased continuously and reached a peak in late afternoon or early evening. The role of Hypotidae in the regulation of pests in greenhouses is discussed.ZusammenfassungDie Arbeit weist auf das natürliche Auftreten räuberischer Fliegen aus der Familie der Hypotidae in Glashäusern mit weitestgehendem Verzicht auf Pflanzenschutzmittel hin und gibt einen ersten Überblick über das vorgefundene Artenspektrum. Fünf Platypalpus‐Arten, T. arrogans und S. nubila etablierten sich über längere Zeiträume im Gewächshaus. Stilpon nubila konnte als Prädator von Thysanopteren nachgewiesen werden. Für die mit am häufigsten aufgetretenen Arten P. minutus und P. annulatus wurde eine prädatorische Leistung von 2,4 Individuen pro Räuber und Tag ermittelt. Blattläuse und Schlupfwespen wurden von P. annulatus nicht erbeutet. Die Beutefangaktivität stieg im Tagesverlauf kontinuierlich an und erreichte in den späten Nachmittags‐ und frühen Abendstunden ihren Höhepunkt. Die Bedeutung der Hypotiden für die Regulation von Schaderregern im Gewächshaus wird diskutiert.
Monitoring of seasonal occurrence of Hylobius abietis (L.) (Col., Curculionidae) in different forest environments of a model area
Authors: Zumr V. , Starý P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSimultaneous monitoring by baited pitfall traps (with alpha‐pinene, ethanol and water as baits) of crawling Hylobius abietis (L.) beetles in five different but neighbouring environments in a model managed forest area (South Bohemia) manifested the same population patterns, in spite of high seasonal migrations.An over‐all population management is hence presumed to be hardly feasible and activities ought to be concentrated on clearings.
Some biological factors affecting the production of the larval parasitoid Bracon brevicornis Wesm. (Hym., Braconidae)
Authors: Zaki F. N. , Elsaadany G. , Gomaa A. , Saleh M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe number of progeny of Bracon brevicornis was greatly affected by the number of deposited eggs of Bracon females per host larva. The increase in the egg clutch size from 5 to 25 eggs/larva increases the progeny production. On the other hand, the increase in the egg clutch size of the parasitoid decreases the body size of produced female progeny. The ratios of parasitoid females‐host larvae and time of parasitization which leads to optimal parasitism were studied. The most appropriate crowding level of B. brevicornis females to O. nubilalis full grown larvae was studied. The sex ratio of produced parasitoid progeny was significantly affected by changing the sex ratio of parent parasitoids, while there was no effect on the number of deposited eggs per host.
Chrysoperla lucasina (Lacroix) (Neur., Chrysopidae), prédateur potentiel du complexe méditerranéen des Chrysoperla Steinmann: premier essai de lutte biologique contre Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom., Aphididae) sur melon en France méridionale
Authors: Malet J.‐C. , Noyer Ch. , Maisonneuve J.‐Ch. , Canard M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChrysoperla lucasina (Lacroix) (Neur., Chrysopidae), a potential predator of the Mediterranean Chrysoperla Steinmann complex: first experiment to control Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom., Aphididae) on melon in France Chrysoperla lucasina is a Mediterranean element of the common green lacewing complex, belonging to the authors' Ch. carnea sensu lato. The non‐genitalic recognizing characters of the seven European Chrysoperla species are given in the table. A first experiment to control the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii on melon was carried out in field crop in southern France. After an intended infestation with aphids at the end of May, Ch. lucasina was released as young second instar larvae during the first week of June, at the ratio of about 1:20. The aphid population increased slower in the biological treated plot, than in the control plot (chemical treatment). The pest threshold indicating the first insecticide treatment in commercial crops was only reached in the control (chemical) plot. Recording the natural enemies in the two plots showed that the impact of the predators was subsequently consistant enough in the biological plot to make the aphid population unnoxious. The parasitoids were numerous, mainly in the control (chemical) plot, but only at the end of the aphid outbreak, i.e. too late to play a direct beneficial role in crop protection.RésuméChrysoperla lucasina est l'un des éléments du complexe des chrysopes dites communes, appartenant donc à ce que les auteurs nomment jusqu'ici Ch. carnea sensu lato. Les caractères distinctifs, en dehors de ceux qui concernent les génitalia, sont donnés dans le tableau pour les sept espèces de Chrysoperla susceptibles d'être trouvées en Europe occidentale. Un essai de lutte biologique contre le puceron du coton Aphis gossypii a été effectué sur une culture de melon en plein champ dans le sud de la France. Après une infestation volontaire des plants par le puceron à la fin mai, un lâcher de larves de Ch. lucasina a été fait la première semaine de juin, lorsque ces larves étaient au début du deuxième stade, à une densité d'environ 1:20. La population aphidienne montre par la suite un accroissement plus faible dans le lot traité biologiquement que dans le lot de contrôle traité chimiquement. De cette façon, seul le lot biologique n'atteint pas le seuil de pucerons considéré comme limite dans le cadre des recommandations phytosanitaires professionnelles. Le dénombrement des ennemis naturels a montré par la suite que l'impact des prédateurs naturels fut suffisamment important pour maintenir les pucerons hors dégâááts. Les parasitoïdes ont été nombreux, spécialement dans le lot traité chimiquement; toutefois, ils se manifestent à la fin de la pullulation aphidienne, e'est‐à‐dire trop tard pour jouer un rôle bénéfique direct dans la protection de la culture.
Kulturelle Entomologie
Authors: Weidner H. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. Cultural Entomology: A new branch of entomology is presented. It is called cultural entomology and defined as investigation that addresses the influence of insects in the humans practice for the nourishment of the mind and soul, arts and humanities. The ethnoentomology is concerned with all forms of insect human interactions in so‐called primitive societies. It is not included but consideres applied entomology. This definition is discussed. A new journal for documentation and information is started of which two issues are published hitherto. The contributions to it are reported.ZusammenfassungEin neuer Zweig der Entomologie, die sogenannte ‘Kulturelle Entomologie’ wird vorgestellt. Sie ist definiert als Wissenschaft vom Einfluß der Insekten auf das kulturelle Leben des Menschen. Die ‘Ethnoentomologie’ ist kein Synonym für ‘Kulturelle Entomologie’ sondern ein Zweig von ihr. Sie befaßt sich mit allen Formen der Insekt/Mensch‐ Beziehungen in den sogenannten ‘primitive societies’. Diese Definition wird erörtert. Ende 1992 wurde eine neue zweimal jährlich erscheinende Zeitschrift ‘Digest Cultural Entomology’ zur Dokumentation und Information gegründet, von der bisher zwei Hefte erschienen. Ihre Beiträge werden erörtert.
Zum Einfluß stickstoffbelasteter Kiefern (Pinus sylvestris L.) auf den Entwicklungserfolg des Kiefernspanners (Bupalus piniarius L. [Lep.; Geometridae])
Authors: Kätzel R. , Möller K. , Schopf R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe effect of nitrogen‐damaged Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the developmental success of the pine looper (Bupalus piniarius L. [Lep., Geometridae]): Along an ammonia‐input gradient, the predisposition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestristo the attack of the pine looper) (Bupalus piniarius) was investigated. Pine needles taken from three sites (A, B, C) at different distances (A = 100m, B = 800m, C = 2700m) from an ammonia source (pig fattening station) were fed to 3rd‐instar larvae of B. piniarius up to pupation. Biochemical analysis showed that the contents of total and soluble nitrogen, as well as of protein and soluble amino acids, increased in needles closer to the ammonia source (sites A, B). The concentrations of tannins, shikimate, quinate and soluble carbohydrates reached minimum levels near the ammonia source. Insect performance is not consistent with the prevalent ecophysiological hypothesis that high amounts of proteins and low levels of tannins in the food are beneficial for the development of needle‐eating insects. Larvae kept on twigs from sites A or B (high ammonia load) showed an increased mortality, prolonged larval development, and a lower growth rate, but pupal weights of the survivors were not significantly different from the control.ZusammenfassungUnter Laborbedingungen wurde der Einfluß unterschiedlich stickstoffbelasteter Wirtspflanzen (Pinus sylvestris) auf den Entwicklungserfolg des Kiefernspanners (Bupalus piniarius) untersucht. Die Kiefernnadeln, die in drei unterschiedlichen Entfernungen zu einem Ammoniakemittenten (Schweinemastanlage) entnommen und den Raupen als Nahrung angeboten wurden, wiesen neben einer veränderten Nährelementkonstellation verminderte Gehalte an löslichen Kohlenhydraten und phenolischen Inhaltsstoffen sowie erhöhte Konzentrationen an freien und proteingebundenen Aminosäuren auf. Die gängigen ökopysiologischen Hypothesen, wonach hohe Protein‐ und niedrige Tanningehalte die Entwicklung phytophager Insekten begünstigen, werden nicht bestätigt. Die Larven des Kiefernspanners, die mit deutlich belasteten Nadeln ernährt wurden, entwickelten sich bei signifikant erhöhter Mortalitätsrate langsamer und mit geringerem Massezuwachs pro Zeit. Die Puppengewichte der überlebenden unterschieden sich jedoch nicht signifikant.
Ant fauna, pest damage and yield in relation to the density of weeds in coconut sites in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Rapp G. , Salum M. S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda Latr. attacks the coconut pest Pseudotheraptus wayi Brown. The big headed ant Pheidole megacephala Mayr is the most important enemy of O. longinoda. After the stop of weed control in a coconut site, the number of palms colonized by O. longinoda increased from 696 trees in April 1991 to 1776 palms in April 1992 because P. megacephala stopped attacking O. longinoda and started to forage on the weeds and bushes on the ground. From September 1991 until October 1992 60068 nuts were harvested. The control of P. megacephala with Amdro in a neighbouring plot of the same size was less effective because the initial colonization by O. longinoda in the plot was much lower. These palms produced 28 413 nuts less. It is concluded that reduced weed control can enhance O. longinoda.
Effect of sodium N‐methyldithiocarbamate with dimethyl‐sulfoxide on southern pine beetle (Col., Scolytidae) development: results of initial field tests1
Authors: Miller M. C. , Kinn D. N. , Parresol B. R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInitial field tests on the effects of an aqueous formulation of sodium N‐methyldithiocarbamate (Vapam®2) and dimethyl‐sulfoxide treated trees on southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) brood production reveal that beetle emergence and ratios of increase are reduced in trees receiving 5.0 ml or more of the material per treatment site. Doses of 3.0 ml or less appear to increase brood production. Lesions produced in treated trees persist for several years and appear to have detrimental effects on beetle brood production even when colonization takes place up to 28 months after treatment. Although southern pine beetle brood is adversely affected by the treatment, there is little or no detrimental effect on total numbers of predators, parasitoids and other xylophilus insects.
Influence of neem seed extract on oviposition and mortality of Conotrachelus nenuphar (Col., Curculionidae) and Rhagoletis pomonella (Dip., Tephritidae) adults
Authors: Prokopy R. J. , Powers P. J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the laboratory and in a commercial apple orchard, the neem seed extract Margosan‐O was evaluated at a manufacturer‐recommended rate of 11 per 100 1 water for potential oviposition‐deterring and mortality effects against adults of 2 key orchard pests in eastern North America: plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), and apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). We found no evidence for either type of effect against either species.
Occurrence of holocyclic and anholocyclic populations of Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae (Hom., Aphididae) in the northeast of Spain
Authors: Pons X. , Comas J. , Albajes R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA seven‐year study has been carried out in Lleida (NE Spain) to evaluate the relative occurrence of holocyclic and anholocyclic populations of Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae and how this may determine their population dynamics and the BYDV epidemiology. Winter cereal, forage cereals and cereal volunteers were sampled in autumn, winter and the beginning of spring using a D‐Vac. Alates were also monitored with a suction trap. A number of twigs of several species of Prunus sp. other than Prunus padus, which is absent from the region, were monitored for R. padi eggs and fundatrices. The following features were found: (1) low percentage of males caught in suction traps and D‐Vac samplings; (2) no sexual morphs or eggs of S. avenae were found on winter and forage cereals and volunteers; (3) no eggs and fundatrices of R. padi could be detected on possible alternative primary hosts; and (4) a wide presence and development of populations of both aphid species on cereals over the autumn and winter. These findings support the hypothesis that the anholocycle is the main overwintering strategy for R. padi and S. avenae. This would enhance the influence of winter conditions—mainly temperature and rainfall—on the yearly population dynamics of cereal aphids and on BYDV epidemiology.
Oviposition and larval growth of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Col., Bruchidae) in regard to host and non‐host plants from leguminosae family
Authors: Hamraoui A. , Regnault‐Roger C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA comparative study involving several leguminosae species was done in order to learn if Acanthoscelides obtectus Say, bruchid of kidney bean (P. vulgaris L.), might reproduce upon originally non‐host plants. Seven species of Leguminosae which have an economic incidence in developing countries were selected: P. vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Vicia faba, Lathyrus sativus, Pisum sativum, Cicer arietinum and Glycine max. Oviposition, ovocytes in retention, larval penetration and larval growth were observed. The larval development (penetration and growth) has been experimented with on two kinds of pierced and intact seeds. A. obtectus appears to be very well adapted to it host plant, P. vulgaris, as reproudction is the highest. However, it could also develop upon the other seeds tested except Glycine max, in which no emergence occurred. Different degrees of inhibition of reproduction, including total ovarian production and larval growth, were noted upon the others. The role of tegument and ailelochemicals or components within cotyledon wheat were discussed.
Sex attractant and attractant inhibitors for Atethmia ambusta F. (Lep., Noctuidae)
Authors: Subchev M. , Botar A. , Voerman S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA sex attractant for Atethmia ambusta, a pest on apple and peach trees, was established in field tests. The blends of 1000 μg of Z7–14Ac and admixtures of 10, 100 and 1000 μg of Z5–14Ac respectively were almost equally attractive to the males of this species. Z7–12Ac and Z11–14Ac were found to be strong inhibitors of A. ambusta sex attractant.
Colour change in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) (Orth., Cyrtacanthacridinae), induced by topical treatment with azadirachtin‐enriched neem oil in semi‐field trials in Benin at different population densities
Authors: Langewald J. , Schmutterer H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLate second and early third gregarious nymphal instars of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskål) were sprayed with enriched neem oil (0.2% and 0.4% azadirachtin/l diluant oil) at an application rate of 10 l/ha. A change of the colour from the black and yellow gregarious type to a pale yellow transient and a green solitary type was observed during the following 33 days. In the treated nymphs the proportion of pale yellow and green coloured hoppers was significantly higher than in the untreated control. The change of colour was less profound at high population density (500 individuals/cage) compared to low population density (150 individuals/cage). The proportion of nymphs withdamaged antennae and legs mainly as a consequence of the treatment was higher in green coloured hoppers compared to pale yellow transient and black and yellow gregarious hoppers.