bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Medications: Efficient and Safe Treatment Following Video‐Assisted Pleurodesis for Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Ben‐Nun Alon , Golan Nir , Faibishenko Irena , Simansky David , Soudack Michalle 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent spontaneous pneumothorax is widely treated by video‐assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) bullectomy and pleurodesis. Treatment of postoperative pain with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is controversial as many surgeons believe that it reduces the efficacy of pleurodesis and increases the pneumothorax recurrence rate.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we reviewed the hospital records for patients following VATS pleurodesis for recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. The patients were divided into two groups: (1) NSAID group: patients were treated with NSAIDs for more than a week following surgery and (2) control group: patients did not receive NSAIDs. Data regarding short‐ and long‐term outcomes were compared.ResultsThe study cohort included 105 patients: 48 in the NSAID group and 57 in the control group. During the early postoperative period the average daily requirement of narcotic analgesia and the incidence of narcotic‐related side effects were lower in the NSAIDs group. No difference was found in the long‐term recurrence rate: two of 48 (4%) in the NSAID group and three of 57 (5%) in the control group. There was one case of early recurrence in the NSAID group. Both groups had similar length of stay with no cases of mortality or major morbidity.ConclusionsNSAIDs for postsurgical pleurodesis pain obviates the need for narcotics without increasing the pneumothorax recurrence rate. Prospective randomized controlled studies are needed to further investigate this issue.
Post‐pancreaticoduodenectomy Hemorrhage. Incidence, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Mañas‐Gómez M. J. , Rodríguez‐Revuelto R. , Balsells‐Valls J. , Olsina‐Kissler J. J. , Caralt‐Barba M. , Pérez‐Lafuente M. , Charco‐Torra R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundAlthough mortality post‐pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has decreased, morbidity rates continue to be high, ranging from 30% to 50%. Among complications, hemorrhage stands out; it is associated with high mortality and there is no standard management. The aim of the present study was to analyze the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of hemorrhage post‐cephalic PD at our center.MethodsFrom January 2005 to December 2008, 107 PDs were performed. A retrospective review of characteristics of patients with postoperative hemorrhage was made from our prospective database. Demographic data, diagnosis, treatment (medical, laparotomy, interventional radiology), association with fistula (pancreatic or biliary), intra‐ or extraluminal hemorrhage, bleeding time (early or late), severity (moderate/severe), and mortality were analyzed.ResultsEighteen patients (18/107; 16.82%) hemorrhaged after PD. Hemorrhage appeared early (< 24 h) in 4 of these 18 patients (22.2%), and it was severe in 13/18 (72%). Hemorrhage‐related mortality was 11% (2/18) and hospital mortality was 22.2% (4/18). Arteriography was performed in 8/18 patients (44.4%) and was effective in 6/8 (75%); laparotomy was performed in 8/18 (44.4%). Re‐bleeding occurred in 5 of these 18 patients after the first treatment (27.8%). An association between hemorrhage and fistula was observed.ConclusionsHemorrhage after pancreatic resection must be considered a complication with relatively high mortality. Diagnosis should be established and treatment applied rapidly. Pancreatic and/or biliary fistulae were significantly associated with a higher risk of postoperative hemorrhage. Interventional radiology is a good therapeutic option.
Repetitive behavior profiles: Consistency across autism spectrum disorder cohorts and divergence from Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Flores Cindi G. , Valcante Gregory , Guter Steve , Zaytoun Annette , Wray Emily , Bell Lindsay , Jacob Suma , Lewis Mark H. , Driscoll Daniel J. , Cook Edwin H. , Kim Soo-Jeong 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is a group of heterogeneous maladaptive behaviors. RRB is one of the key diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and also commonly observed in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). In this study, we assessed RRB using the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) in two ASD samples (University of Illinois at Chicago [UIC] and University of Florida [UF]) and one PWS sample. We compared the RBS-R item endorsements across three ASD cohorts (UIC, UF and an ASD sample from Lam, The Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised: independent validation and the effect of subject variables, PhD thesis, 2004), and a PWS sample. We also compared the mean RBS-R subscale/sum scores across the UIC, UF and PWS samples; across the combined ASD (UIC + UF), PWS-deletion and PWS-disomy groups; and across the combined ASD sample, PWS subgroup with a Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) score ≥15, and PWS subgroup with a SCQ score <15. Despite the highly heterogeneous nature, the three ASD samples (UIC, UF and Lam’s) showed a similar pattern of the RBS-R endorsements, and the mean RBS-R scores were not different between the UIC and UF samples. However, higher RRB was noted in the ASD sample compared with the PWS sample, as well as in the PWS subgroup with a SCQ score ≥15 compared with the PWS subgroup with a SCQ score <15. Study limitations include a small sample size, a wide age range of our participants, and not controlling for potential covariates. A future replication study using a larger sample and further investigation into the genetic bases of overlapping ASD and RRB phenomenology are needed, given the higher RRB in the PWS subgroup with a SCQ score ≥15.
Implementation of an Informational Card to Reduce Family Members' Anxiety
Authors: Muldoon Mary , Cheng Dunlei , Vish Nancy , Dejong Sandra , Adams Jenny 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFor surgical patients' family members, the wait during surgery can cause anxiety that can be exacerbated if staff members provide inadequate or inconsistent information about the patient's status. Educational interventions and other staff‐intensive measures to help reduce family members' anxiety can be time consuming for staff members and impractical in a high‐volume facility. To improve communication with patients' families, nurses at a heart and vascular hospital in Dallas, Texas, designed and distributed a card containing estimated procedure times, helpful telephone numbers, and other information. A survey of family members indicated that receiving the card reduced anxiety in a significant proportion of the respondents.
NCLEX‐RN® Exam Prep/NCLEX‐RN® ExamCram Practice Questions
Authors: Ford Yvonne 
Published: August 2011

NCLEX‐RN® Exam Prep Wilda Rinehard, Diann Sloan and Clara Hurd 2011, Pearson Education 1,008 pages $49.99 softcover with CD‐ROMNCLEX‐RN® ExamCram Practice Questions Wilda Rinehard, Diann Sloan and Clara Hurd 3rd Edition 2011, Pearson Education 496 pages $25.99 softcover with CD‐ROM
The Optimal Design of Multi-Chamber Side Mufflers Equipped with Perforated Cross-Flow Tubes and Intruding Tubes using Simulated Annealing
Authors: Chang Y.-C. , Chiu M.-C. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTResearch on new techniques of side-inlet/outlet mufflers equipped with internal non-perforated intruding tubes has been discussed in recent literature; however, the research work of multi-chamber sideinlet/outlet mufflers in conjunction with cross-flow tubes and open-ended perforated intruding tubes which may efficiently increase the acoustical performance is rare. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is not only to analyze the sound transmission loss (STL) of three kinds of side-inlet/outlet mufflers (a three-chamber muffler with cross-flow tubes, a five-chamber muffler with cross-flow tubes and a nonperforated tube, and a five-chamber muffler with cross-flow tubes and a perforated tube) but also to optimize their best design shape within a limited space.In this paper, both the generalized decoupling technique and plane wave theory in solving the coupled acoustical problem are used. A four-pole system matrix in evaluating the acoustic performance is also deduced in conjunction with a simulated algorithm (SA). A numerical case in finding the optimalSTLof mufflers, which is constrained within a basement with a side-inlet/outlet, at targeted tones has been introduced. Before the optimization is carried out, an accuracy check of the mathematical model is performed. Results reveal that the maximalSTLis precisely located at the desired target tone. Moreover, it has been seen that mufflers with more chambers will increase the acoustic performance for both pure tone and broadband noise. Additionally, the acoustical performance of mufflers conjugated with perforated intruding tubes is superior to those equipped with non-perforated tubes.Consequently, the approach used for seeking the optimal design of theSTLproposed in this study is indeed easy and quite effective.
Bilateral Changes in Ground Reaction Forces in Patients with Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency During Stair Locomotion
Authors: Lin H.-C. , Hsu H.-C. , Lu T.-W. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTStair locomotion is an important but challenging functional activity for people with lower limb pathology. This study aimed to investigate the bilateral changes in force-bearing on lower limbs during stair locomotion in patients with unilateral ACL deficiency. The ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected from three force platforms: One at ground level in front of a 5-step stair and two on the first two steps respectively. Parameters in vertical and anterior-posterior GRF were extracted and compared between the ACL-deficient (ACLD) and control groups. The ACLD group showed significantly slower stepping cadences in both stair ascent and stepping down to the ground (p < 0.05). The vertical GRF in the ACLD group demonstrated smaller peak forces but larger minimum forces between the two peaks than those in the control group during both stair ascent and descent. Significantly reduced anterior propulsive forces and push-off rates in the late stance were also found in both limbs of the ACLD group (p < 0.05). The slower cadences and reduced force-bearing on the affected limb suggested a protective strategy was adopted. However, the anterior loading parameters in the early stance on the unaffected limb demonstrated different adaptations with significantly larger magnitudes during stair ascent but reduced magnitudes during stair descent (p < 0.05). Similar results were also found in the weight- transferring strategies between legs in consecutive steps with a significantly larger percentage of lift-up forces but a smaller percentage of impact forces on the leading unaffected limb. The results of this study indicated a cautious force-bearing strategy and bilateral adaptation were apparent in the patients with unilateral ACL deficiency. This information may provide a safety guideline for the patients and be helpful for a better use of the stair tasks as part of a rehabilitation program.
Multipoint maximum likelihood mapping in a full-sib family of an outbreeding species
Authors: VAN OOIJEN J. W. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe fast multipoint maximum likelihood mapping algorithm for crosses between inbred lines, introduced by Jansenet al.(2001), is extended for mapping in a full-sib family of an outbreeding species. The method accommodates different segregation types of markers and differences in recombination between parents. The two separate parental multipoint maximum likelihood maps are joined into an integrated map by averaging lengths over anchored segments and by interpolating or extrapolating for markers segregating in one parent only. The method is illustrated with simulated data. The method will enable a more accurate estimation of maps in outbreeding species than current methods.
Theism and Hypertheism
Authors: Laird John 
Published: August 2011

Theists, I suppose, are persons who believe in “God's” existence. Atheists are persons who deny the same.Such statements may be suitable, and even adequate, for many proper purposes. In several contexts it is silly or malicious to interrogate them closely. Even in theology, which is, or should be, some kind of science, they may have, and they do have, their use and their propriety. For many theological purposes, however (and also for some others) they are far too vague. It may be wrong, no doubt, to tell a theologian that he must either produce an accurate definition of what he means by “God” or be forever shamed.
Minimum prey and area requirements of the Vulnerable cheetahAcinonyx jubatus: implications for reintroduction and management of the species in South Africa
Authors: Lindsey P. , Tambling C.J. , Brummer R. , Davies-Mostert H. , Hayward M. , Marnewick K. , Parker D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn South Africa there are efforts to manage reintroduced subpopulations of the Vulnerable cheetahAcinonyx jubatusin small reserves (10–1,000 km2) as a managed metapopulation. We estimated areas required to support cheetahs given varying prey densities, prey profiles and presence/absence of competing predators. A recent population and habitat viability assessment indicated that 20 subpopulations of 10 cheetahs or 10 subpopulations of 15 cheetahs are required to retain 90% of the heterozygosity of free-ranging cheetahs and to overcome stochastic events in the absence or presence of lionsPanthera leo, respectively. We estimate that 203 ± SE 42 km2(range 48–466 km2) is required to support 10 cheetahs in the absence of lions, whereas 703 ± SE 311 km2(166–2,806 km2) is required to support 15 cheetahs given equal numbers of lions, and 2,424 ± SE 890 km2(727–3,739 km2) given equal numbers of leopardsPanthera pardus, spotted hyaenasCrocuta crocuta, wild dogsLycaon pictusand lions. Existing subpopulations of cheetahs generally occur at densities higher than our mean predicted densities but usually within the range of predicted densities. The large area requirements of cheetahs have implications for the development of the managed metapopulation. Sourcing reintroduction sites of the sizes required to support recommended subpopulation sizes will be difficult. Consequently, innovative measures to increase the carrying capacity of reserves for cheetahs and/or to enlarge reserves will be required. Managers may be forced to stock cheetahs close to or beyond the carrying capacity of their reserves. Consequently, careful management of reintroduced subpopulations will be required to prevent declines in prey populations.
JaguarsPanthera oncain the Greater Lacandona Ecosystem, Chiapas, Mexico: population estimates and future prospects
Authors: de la Torre J. Antonio , Medellín Rodrigo A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractJaguarPanthera oncapopulations have declined severely in Mexico because of habitat loss and poaching of the species and its natural prey. One of the most important, but poorly known, populations of the jaguar remaining in Mexico resides in the Greater Lacandona Ecosystem in Chiapas. Our objective was to determine the density of jaguars in southern Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve and to estimate population size inside the Natural Protected Areas of this Ecosystem. Jaguar densities were estimated during the dry and rainy seasons of 2007 and the dry season of 2008 using camera-trapping combined with closed capture-recapture models. The lowest density estimate was recorded during the 2007 dry season (1.7 ± SE 0.7 per 100 km2) and the highest during the 2008 rainy season (4.6 ± SE 1.6 per 100 km2). Estimating the extent of potential jaguar habitat in the Natural Protected Areas and extrapolating density estimates to these reserves indicates that they could support 62–168 jaguars. This result highlights the potential importance of this Ecosystem for the conservation of the jaguar in the Mayan Forest and Mexico. The implementation of measures to secure the long-term conservation of this population and jaguar population connectivity in the Mayan Forest is urgently required.
Labeling Mitochondria with JC-1
Authors: Chazotte Brad 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONJC-1 (5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro1,1′,3,3′-tetramethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide) dye has been used to monitor mitochondrial potential. The monomeric form has an emission maximum of ∼529 nm. The dye at higher concentrations or potentials forms red fluorescent J-aggregates with an emission maximum at 590 nm. The ratio of this green/red fluorescence is independent of mitochondrial shape, density, or size, but depends only on the membrane potential. It has been used to study whether all mitochondria in the same cell are at the same potential and whether membrane potential in a single long mitochondrion is uniform. JC-1 has also been useful in flow-cytometry studies, because the membrane potential can be followed without the need for confocal microscopy. This protocol describes the labeling of mitochondria in cultured cells with JC-1.
Preparation of Cuticles from Unhatched First-Instar Drosophila Larvae
Authors: Stern David L. , Sucena Elio 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONThe finely sculpted cuticle of Drosophila carries a rich array of morphological details. Thus, cuticle examination has had a central role in the history of genetics. Studies of the Drosophila cuticle have focused mainly on first-instar larvae and adult cuticular morphology. This protocol describes the preparation of cuticles from larvae that have not yet hatched from the egg. It is designed for sampling all eggs laid by one or more females. This can be particularly useful, for example, when a mutation produces embryos that are unable to hatch from the egg.
Single-Particle Virus Tracking
Authors: Rust Michael J. , Lakadamyali Melike , Brandenburg Boerries , Zhuang Xiaowei 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONReal-time, live-cell imaging techniques and single-particle tracking algorithms can be used to follow individual virus particles as they infect cells. This protocol describes the use of one or more fluorescent markers to perform single-particle virus-tracking experiments.
Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Zhang Yin , Hong Hao , Cai Weibo 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONPhotoacoustic imaging, which is based on the photoacoustic effect, has developed extensively over the last decade. Possessing many attractive characteristics such as the use of nonionizing electromagnetic waves, good resolution and contrast, portable instrumention, and the ability to partially quantitate the signal, photoacoustic techniques have been applied to the imaging of cancer, wound healing, disorders in the brain, and gene expression, among others. As a promising structural, functional, and molecular imaging modality for a wide range of biomedical applications, photoacoustic imaging can be categorized into two types of systems: photoacoustic tomography (PAT), which is the focus of this article, and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). We first briefly describe the endogenous (e.g., hemoglobin and melanin) and the exogenous (e.g., indocyanine green [ICG], various gold nanoparticles, single-walled carbon nanotubes [SWNTs], quantum dots [QDs], and fluorescent proteins) contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging. Next, we discuss in detail the applications of nontargeted photoacoustic imaging. Recently, molecular photoacoustic (MPA) imaging has gained significant interest, and a few proof-of-principle studies have been reported. We summarize the current state of the art of MPA imaging, including the imaging of gene expression and the combination of photoacoustic imaging with other imaging modalities. Last, we point out obstacles facing photoacoustic imaging. Although photoacoustic imaging will likely continue to be a highly vibrant research field for years to come, the key question of whether MPA imaging could provide significant advantages over nontargeted photoacoustic imaging remains to be answered in the future.
Single-Virus Tracking in Live Cells
Authors: Rust Michael J. , Lakadamyali Melike , Brandenburg Boerries , Zhuang Xiaowei 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONReal-time, live-cell imaging techniques and single-particle tracking algorithms can be used to follow individual virus particles as they infect cells. This article describes the labeling of viruses and cellular structures with fluorescent probes to allow visualization in live cells. It also discusses how virus trajectories and virus–cell interactions can be imaged and analyzed. Methods used for time-lapse imaging are outlined, as are inhibitors and reagents used to study the role of the cellular machinery during viral infection. Algorithms for tracking virus particles and obtaining quantitative measurements of viral transport and virus–cell interactions are also included.
Desensitization regimens for drug allergy: state of the art in the 21st century
Authors: Liu A. , Fanning L. , Chong H. , Fernandez J. , Sloane D. , Sancho‐Serra M. , Castells M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryAdverse reactions to drugs are increasingly being recognized as important contributions to disease in their own right as well as impediments to the best treatment of various conditions, including infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic maladies. Rapid drug desensitization (RDD) is an effective mechanism for safely administering important medications while minimizing or entirely circumventing such adverse reactions in sensitized patients. We reviewed the literature on RDD in the last 10 years, including our experience from the Brigham and Women's Hospital Desensitization Program with hundreds of patients desensitized to a broad variety of drugs. RDD in our programme has been uniformly successful in patients with hypersensitivity reactions to antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, and monoclonal antibodies. Any reactions that occur during desensitization are generally much less severe than the initial hypersensitivity reaction to the drug, and patients have received the full dose of the desired medication 99.9% of the time out of (796) desensitizations. To date, there have been no fatalities. RDD is a safe and highly effective method for treating sensitized patients with the optimal pharmacologic agents. Its use should be expanded, but because patient safety is paramount, protocols must be created, reviewed, and overseen by allergist–immunologists with special training and experience in modern techniques of desensitization.
Cite this as: A. Liu, L. Fanning, H. Chong, J. Fernandez, D. Sloane, M. Sancho‐Serra and M. Castells, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1679–1689.