bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct imaging and quantification of carotid plaque calcification
Authors: Du Jiang , Corbeil Jacqueline , Znamirowski Richard , Angle Niren , Peterson Michael , Bydder Graeme M. , Kahn Andrew M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCarotid plaque calcification normally appears as a signal void with clinical MR sequences. Here, we describe the use of an adiabatic inversion recovery prepared two‐dimensional ultrashort echo time sequence to image and characterize carotid plaque calcification using a clinical 3‐T scanner. T1, T, and free water content were measured for seven carotid samples, and the results were compared with micro‐CT imaging. Conventional gradient echo and fast spin echo images were also acquired for comparison. Correlations between T1, T, free water concentration, and mineral density were performed. There was a close correspondence between inversion recovery prepared two‐dimensional ultrashort echo time morphologic and micro‐CT appearances. Carotid plaque calcification varied significantly from sample to sample, with T1s ranging from 94 ± 19 to 328 ± 21 msec, Ts ranging from 0.31 ± 0.12 to 2.15 ± 0.25 msec, and free water concentration ranging from 5.7 ± 2.3% to 16.8 ± 3.4%. There was a significant positive correlation between T1 (R = 0.709; P < 0.074), T (R = 0.816; P < 0.025), and free water concentration, a negative correlation between T1 (R = 0.773; P < 0.042), T (R = 0.948; P < 0.001) and CT measured mineral density, and a negative correlation between free water concentration (R = 0.936; P < 0.002) and mineral density. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel method for quantifying scanner instability in fMRI
Authors: Greve Douglas N. , Mueller Bryon A. , Liu Thomas , Turner Jessica A. , Voyvodic James , Yetter Elizabeth , Diaz Michele , McCarthy Gregory , Wallace Stuart , Roach Brian J. , Ford Judy M. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Calhoun Vince D. , Wible Cynthia G. , Brown Gregory G. , Potkin Steven G. , Glover Gary 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA method was developed to quantify the effect of scanner instability on functional MRI data by comparing the instability noise to endogenous noise present when scanning a human. The instability noise was computed from agar phantom data collected with two flip angles, allowing for a separation of the instability from the background noise. This method was used on human data collected at four 3 T scanners, allowing the physiological noise level to be extracted from the data. In a “well‐operating” scanner, the instability noise is generally less than 10% of physiological noise in white matter and only about 2% of physiological noise in cortex. This indicates that instability in a well‐operating scanner adds very little noise to functional MRI results. This new method allows researchers to make informed decisions about the maximum instability level a scanner can have before it is taken off line for maintenance or rejected from a multisite consortium. This method also provides information about the background noise, which is generally larger in magnitude than the instability noise. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reducing SAR and enhancing cerebral signal‐to‐noise ratio with high permittivity padding at 3 T
Authors: Yang Qing X. , Wang Jianli , Wang Jinghua , Collins Christopher M. , Wang Chunsheng , Smith Michael B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPrevious works have shown that placement of a high‐dielectric pad can improve image intensity in a region adjacent to the pad, or that placement of dielectric pads around a large surface of the head can improve image homogeneity on an entire plane through the head in high‐field MRI. Here, experimental results show that use of high‐dielectric pads around the human head can reduce the required input radiofrequency power by 50% while enhancing image signal‐to‐noise ratio by 20–40% throughout the cerebrum at 3 T. Thus, dielectric pads may be used to provide a relatively simple and low‐cost method for improving quality and safety of MRI in a variety of applications at 3 T. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase‐sensitive sodium B1 mapping
Authors: Allen Steven P. , Morrell Glen R. , Peterson Brock , Park Danny , Gold Garry E. , Kaggie Joshua D. , Bangerter Neal K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractQuantitative sodium MRI requires accurate knowledge of factors affecting the sodium signal. One important determinant of sodium signal level is the transmit B1 field strength. However, the low signal‐to‐noise ratio typical of sodium MRI makes accurate B1 mapping in reasonable scan times challenging. A new phase‐sensitive B1 mapping technique has recently been shown to work better than the widely used dual‐angle method in low‐signal‐to‐noise ratio situations and over a broader range of flip angles. In this work, the phase‐sensitive B1 mapping technique is applied to sodium, and its performance compared to the dual‐angle method through both simulation and phantom studies. The phase‐sensitive method is shown to yield higher quality B1 maps at low signal‐to‐noise ratio and greater consistency of measurement than the dual‐angle method. An in vivo sodium B1 map of the human breast is also shown, demonstrating the phase‐sensitive method's feasibility for human studies. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined measurement of pulmonary inert gas washout and regional ventilation heterogeneity by MR of a single dose of hyperpolarized 3He
Authors: Deppe Martin H. , Parra‐Robles Juan , Ajraoui Salma , Wild Jim M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWashout of inert gases is a measure of pulmonary function well‐known in lung physiology. This work presents a method combining inert gas washout and spatially resolved imaging using hyperpolarized 3He, thus providing complementary information on lung function and physiology. The nuclear magnetic resonance signal of intrapulmonary hyperpolarized 3He is used to track the total amount of gas present within the lungs during multiple‐breath washout via tidal breathing. Before the washout phase, 3D ventilation images are acquired using 3He magnetic resonance imaging from the same dose of inhaled gas. The measured washout signal is corrected for T1 relaxation and radiofrequency depletion, converting it into a quantity proportional to the apparent amount of gas within the lungs. The use of a pneumotachograph for acquisition of breathing volumes during washout, together with lung volumes derived from the magnetic resonance imaging data, permits assessment of the washout curves against physiological model predictions for healthy lungs. The shape of the resulting washout curves obtained from healthy volunteers matches the predictions, demonstrating the utility of the technique for the quantitative assessment of lung function. The proposed method can be readily integrated with a standard breath‐hold 3He ventilation imaging sequence, thus providing additional information from a single dose of gas. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polar modifizierte HPLC‐Umkehrphasen
Authors: Leinweber Felix 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEingebettete Amid‐, Carbamat‐ oder Ethergruppen erhöhen die Polarität von Umkehrphasen und steigern die Selektivität von polaren Analyten. Auch Analysen mit reinem Wasser als Eluent werden möglich. Besonders für Basen empfehlen sich solche Phasen.
Was Isotope verraten
Authors: Schmitt Axel K. , Wetzel Florian , Wörner Gerhard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUnmittelbar bevorstehende Vulkaneruptionen kündigen sich meist über Zeiträume von Wochen bis Monaten an, aber die Verweildauer von Magmen in der Tiefe vor der Eruption ist weitgehend unbekannt. Die isotopengeochemische Analyse von Kristallen des Laacher‐See‐Vulkans zeigt, dass dessen Eruption eine lange Vorgeschichte hatte.
Jede Metallspezies ist anders
Authors: Hollmann Markus 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWährend die eine Bismutverbindung ein Wirkstoff in Antihämorrhoidensalben ist, verursacht die andere möglicherweise Hirnschäden. Fatalerweise wandeln Leberzellen die harmlose Bismutverbindung in die potenziell gefährliche um. Eine Kopplung von Gaschromatographie mit zwei MS‐Techniken weist solche Umwandlungen nach.
Sicher arbeiten mit Nanopartikeln
Authors: Weber Gitta , Höres Ralf , Mück Oliver 
Published: November 2010

AbstractKritiker warnen vor den noch unbekannten gefährlichen Eigenschaften von Nanomaterialien. Bevor aber deren Anwendung von vorne herein in Frage steht, sind klassische Methoden nutzbar, um die Gefahren zu analysieren. Mit den passenden Schutzmaßnahmen lässt sich anschließend sicher mit Nanomaterialien arbeiten.
In vino Wissenschaft
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: November 2010

AbstractVom Anbau der Reben bis zur Qualitätsanalyse des Produkts gibt es Berührungspunkte zwischen Weinbau und Wissenschaft. So macht die Genomforschung Terpensynthasen für das Aroma verantwortlich und Agrochemiker kümmern sich um den Pflanzenschutz.
Berliner Blau — ein Pigment aus dem frühen 18. Jahrhundert
Authors: Kraft Alexander 
Published: November 2010

AbstractVor dreihundert Jahren, im Jahr 1710, erschien die erste Veröffentlichung zum Berliner Blau. Die Geschichte seiner Entdeckung und Verbreitung zeigt, dass sich, schon lange bevor es die chemische Industrie im heutigen Sinne gab, mit Chemikalien gutes Geld verdienen ließ.
Biotechnologie in China: Ein Stimmungsbericht
Authors: Bengs Holger , Bai Lin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractChina ist nicht mehr nur die Werkbank der Welt. In der Telekommunikation, Solarenergie und Informationstechnik ist der Anschluss zum Westen längst erfolgt. In der Biotechnik stehen die Zeichen auf Innovation.
W oder V — welcher Form folgt die Wirtschaft?
Authors: Schneider Bernd W. , Kuschel Matthias 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie Kunststoffindustrie war von der Krise schwer getroffen. Zurzeit geht es wieder aufwärts, aber wie lange bleibt es so? Szenarien und Kennzahlen helfen Unternehmen, sich auf Kommendes vorzubereiten.
Reife macht erfolgreich
Authors: Spath Dieter , Rogowski Thorsten  , Artelt Dirk  
Published: November 2010

AbstractFür Ausgründungen aus öffentlichen Forschungseinrichtungen gilt: Je weiter entwickelt ein Produkt zum Ausgründungszeitpunkt ist, desto wahrscheinlicher ist der wirtschaftliche Erfolg des ausgegründeten Unternehmens. Ein Prototyp und ein funktionierendes Netzwerk helfen den Gründern.
Grandioser NSYCC‐JCF‐Austausch in Boston
Authors: Wehner Johannes , Küchenthal Christian‐H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractZum 10‐jährigen Jubiläum des amerikanisch‐deutschen Austauschs zwischen den beiden Jugendorganisationen, dem Northeastern Younger Chemists Commitee der American Chemical Society und dem Jungchemikerforum der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, reiste eine Delegation von Jungchemikern nach Boston/MA, um sich dort auf der ACS‐Herbst‐Tagung nicht nur wissenschaftlich weiterzubilden, sondern um auch neue Freunde zu finden.
”Our work showed how pretty damn good that material is“
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAndre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics ”for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two‐dimensional material graphene“. Nachrichten aus der Chemie asked Andre Geim what he likes most about graphene and if he, too, believes that this new form of carbon could be the silicon of the future.
A large set of estrogen receptor β‐interacting proteins identified by tandem affinity purification in hormone‐responsive human breast cancer cell nuclei
Authors: Nassa Giovanni , Tarallo Roberta , Ambrosino Concetta , Bamundo Angela , Ferraro Lorenzo , Paris Ornella , Ravo Maria , Guzzi Pietro H. , Cannataro Mario , Baumann Marc , Nyman Tuula A. , Nola Ernesto , Weisz Alessandro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEstrogen receptors α (ER‐α) and β (ER‐β) play distinct biological roles in onset and progression of hormone‐responsive breast cancer, with ER‐β exerting a modulatory activity on ER‐α‐mediated estrogen signaling and stimulation of cell proliferation by mechanisms still not fully understood. We stably expressed human ER‐β fused to a tandem affinity purification‐tag in estrogen‐responsive MCF‐7 cells and applied tandem affinity purification and nanoLC‐MS/MS to identify the ER‐β interactome of this cell type. Functional annotation by bioinformatics analyses of the 303 proteins that co‐purify with ER‐β from nuclear extracts identify several new molecular partners of this receptor subtype that represents nodal points of a large protein network controlling multiple processes and functions in breast cancer cells.
Response of the Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Nebbiolo’ proteome to Flavescence dorée phytoplasma infection
Authors: Margaria Paolo , Palmano Sabrina 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFlavescence dorée is a serious phytoplasma disease affecting grapevine in several European countries. We studied the interaction of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma with its natural plant host by monitoring the effects of infection on the protein expression profile. Among the 576 analyzed spots, 33 proteins were differentially regulated in infected grapevines. Grouping into MIPS functional categories showed proteins involved in metabolism (21%), energy processes (9%), protein synthesis (3%), protein fate (18%), cellular transport and transport routes (6%), cell defense and virulence (42%). Among the differentially regulated proteins, we selected six targets (thaumatin I, thaumatin II, osmotin‐like protein, plant basic secretory protein, AAA+ Rubisco activase and proteasome α5 subunit) and we analyzed their expression by quantitative RT‐PCR on samples collected in 2008 and 2009 in several vineyards in Piedmont region, Italy. There was a positive correlation between mRNA and protein expression for most of the genes in both the years. We discuss the involvement of these proteins in the specific response to phytoplasma infection. To our knowledge, this work is the first to investigate the response of the grapevine proteome to Flavescence dorée phytoplasma infection, and provides reference protein profiles for future comparative proteomic and genomic studies.
A QconCAT informatics pipeline for the analysis, visualization and sharing of absolute quantitative proteomics data
Authors: Swainston Neil , Jameson Daniel , Carroll Kathleen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAbsolute protein concentration determination is becoming increasingly important in a number of fields including diagnostics, biomarker discovery and systems biology modeling. The recently introduced quantification concatamer methodology provides a novel approach to performing such determinations, and it has been applied to both microbial and mammalian systems. While a number of software tools exist for performing analyses of quantitative data generated by related methodologies such as SILAC, there is currently no analysis package dedicated to the quantification concatamer approach. Furthermore, most tools that are currently available in the field of quantitative proteomics do not manage storage and dissemination of such data sets.
Improved Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE under neutral pH conditions for advanced protein phosphorylation profiling
Authors: Kinoshita Eiji , Kinoshita‐Kikuta Emiko 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe describe an improved Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE (Zn2+–Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE) using a dizinc(II) complex of Phos‐tag acrylamide in conjunction with a Bis‐tris‐buffered neutral‐pH gel system to detect shifts in the mobility of phosphoproteins. An existing technique (Mn2+–Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE) using a polyacrylamide‐bound Mn2+–Phos‐tag and a conventional Laemmli's buffer system under alkaline pH conditions has limitations for separating certain phosphoproteins. The major improvements were demonstrated by visualizing novel up‐shifted bands of commercially available pepsin, recombinant Tau treated in vitro with tyrosine kinases, and endogeneous β‐catenin in whole‐cell lysates. Additionally, the Zn2+–Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE gels showed better long‐term stability than the Mn2+–Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE gels. We can therefore provide a simple, convenient, and more reliable homemade gel system for phosphate‐affinity SDS‐PAGE.
Proteomic analysis of mesenchymal stem‐like cells derived from ovarian teratoma: Potential role of glutathione S‐transferase M2 in ovarian teratoma
Authors: Han Ihn , Jeong Soo‐Jin , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Koh Wonil , Lee Hyo‐Jeong , Lee Eun‐Ok , Kim Hyun Seok , Lee Soo Jin , Chen Chang‐Yan , Jung Min‐Hyung , Kim Sung‐Hoon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOvarian teratoma is a dermoid cyst in the ovary that contains mature tissues such as hair, teeth, bone, thyroid, etc. To understand the molecular mechanisms of ovarian teratoma growth, a comparative proteomic analysis was undertaken using mesenchymal stem cell‐like cells (MSCLCs) isolated from normal human ovarian or teratoma tissues. Both normal ovarian and teratoma MSCLCs expressed stem cell markers OCT4 and NANOG, and were negatively staining with the senescence‐associated (SA) β‐galactosidase. Furthermore, teratoma MSCLCs had higher proliferation and colony formation rates, with more angiogenic property than that of normal MSCLCs. Proteomic study revealed that 17 proteins had the expression changes over eightfold in ovarian teratoma MSCLCs compared with normal control. Interestingly, among them, GSTM2 was strongly expressed in teratoma MSCLCs. Moreover, overexpressed GSTM2 in the teratoma was associated with downregulation of p38 MAPK and activation of AKT and survivin. Taken together, these findings suggest that that ovarian teratoma MSCLCs have a higher potency for proliferation and angiogenesis and GSTM2 appears to be involved in the regulation of other survival genes.
Covariant decomposition and polarizational selection rules for interaction among photons in a moving medium
Authors: Ferrer E. , de la Incera V. , Shabad A. F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStarting from the first principles we establish the symmetries under inversions and obtain relativistic tensorial decompositions for multiphoton amplitudes in moving isotropic homogeneous media. Basing on these decompositions we find universal selection rules with respect to polarizations for the processes of photon splitting and junction in a medium, as well as for photon‐photon application to nonlinear wave processes.
Poincaré gauge theory, gravitation, and transformation of matter fields
Authors: Drechsler Wolfgang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the generalized Kaluza‐Klein theories a (4 + N)‐dimensional Riemannian space is used as a configuration space to unify gravitation with a nonabelien gauge symmetry characterized by a gauge group G of order N. The original metric space V4+N, however, is broken down in these theories to a local product structure M4 × VN (M4 being Minkowski space‐time) leading thereby to a description in terms of a fiber bundle over space‐time V4 with structural group G. In this paper we base the discussion from the very beginning on a bundle structure as the underlying geometric stratum and treat the quantum mechanical aspect of matter by representing it in the form of a generalized wave function, ϕ(x, X), defined as a section on a fiber bundle associated to a principal G‐bundle over space time having a homogeneous space of the group G as fiber. To make contact with gravitation we consider various soldered bundles possessing the Poincaré group, G = ISO(3, 1), as structural or gauge group and define Poincaré gauge fields as generalized matter fields on them. After reviewing the formulation of general relativity as a gauge theory of the Lorentz group we turn to the affine case and present a geometric formulation of a Poincaré gauge theory based on a Riemann‐Cartan space‐time U4 with axial vector torsion. Two sets of field equations are discussed relating the material source quantities to the geometric fields. Besides Einstein's equations coupling the metric to the classical distribution of energy and momentum of matter a second set of nonlinear field equations is set up relating a bilinear current in the Poincaré gauge fields to the axial vector torsion field of the underlying space‐time geometry. Finally, a breaking of the Poincaré symmetry is introduced in a manner involving the generalized matter field ϕ(x, X) freezing thereby the translational gauge degrees of freedom, however, leaving the Lorentz gauge symmetry unaffected.
QCD at finite temperature
Authors: Kalashnikov O. K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractQuantum chromodynamics is studied at finite temperatures and densities using the temperature Green functions method. For the Green functions the renormalized Schwinger‐Dyson equations are obtained and their qualitative properties are discussed. The equality of the renormalization constants for the equations obtained at T, μ ≠ 0 with those for quantum field theory is pointed out. General properties of the gluon polarization tensor are investigated at T, μ ≠ 0. The temperature Green functions are calculated within the one‐loop approximation using both relativistic and axial gauges. The fulfilment of the Slavnov‐Taylor identities is verified. The asymptotic behaviour of the polarization tensor at T, μ ≠ 0 is established and the excitation spectrum of quark‐gluon plasma is found. Both Fermi and Bose excitations are considered and the gauge invariance of the spectra is demonstrated. The renormalization group extension of the dispersion laws into the regions of high temperatures and densities is presented. The exact representation of the thermodynamical potential in QCD is found in terms of the temperature Green functions. For the quark‐gluon plasma the thermodynamical potential is calculated with the g3‐term taken into account. The equation of state of the hot quark‐gluon plasma is found and its properties are discussed. The complete evolutional diagram of the hadronic matter is outlined. The phase curve asymptotics, which put bounds on the quark‐gluon plasma domain, are found for the two limiting cases (μ = 0, T → T0; T = 0, μ → μ0). The phase transition of the hot quark‐gluon plasma placed in external Abelian field is studied. The instability of such plasma has been found and the program of its stabilization is indicated. The infrared behaviour of the non‐Abelian gauge theory is studied for finite temperatures when power divergencies are essential. The propagator of transverse gluons is shown to be singular for momenta |p| ˜ g2T and this cannot be avoided by summing the simplest bubble chains. The infrared asymptotic behaviour of the tree‐gluon vertex is found and the results obtained are checked using the Slavnov‐Taylor identities. The Green functions asymptotics found indicate either an instability of the quark‐gluon plasma in the infrared momentum domain or the inconsistency of the perturbational methods. A non‐perturbative approach to the infrared problem in QCD is developed within the axial gauge. The closed equations for the structure functions that determine the gluon polarization tensor are obtained by using the Slavnov‐Taylor identities to found approximately the three‐gluon vertex. It is shown that the solution of the equations obtained by iterations does not remove the infrared singularity from the temperature Green functions. The nonperturbative solution of such equations is discussed.