bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulus of Work Function on Electron Transfer Process of Intermetallic Nickel–Antimonide Toward Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Mariappan Vimal Kumar , Krishnamoorthy Karthikeyan , Pazhamalai Parthiban , Swaminathan Rajavarman , Kim Sang‐Jae 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEngineering the intermetallic nanostructures as an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) is of great interest in green hydrogen production. However, a few non‐noble metals act as bifunctional electrocatalysts, exhibiting terrific HER and OER processes reported to date. Herein the intermetallic nickel–antimonide (Ni─Sb) dendritic nanostructure via cost‐effective electro‐co‐deposition method is designed and their bifunctional electrocatalytic property toward HER and OER is unrevealed. The designed Ni─Sb delivers a superior bifunctional activity in 1 m KOH electrolyte, with a shallow overpotential of ≈119 mV at ‐10 mA for HER and ≈200 mV at 50 mA for OER. The mechanism behind the excellent bifunctional property of Ni─Sb is discussed via “interfacial descriptor” with the aid of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). This study reveals the rate of electrocatalytic reaction depends on the energy required for electron and proton transfer from the catalyst's surface. It is noteworthy that the assembled Ni─Sb‐90 electrolyzer requires only a minuscule cell voltage of ≈1.46 V for water splitting, which is far superior to the art of commercial catalysts.
Gamifying software engineering subject to enhance the quality of knowledge
Authors: Aldalur Iñigo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGamification has been widely used in education in recent years. Gamification has been proven to be a useful tool for students, as it motivates them and helps them to learn. The lack of motivation on the part of the students and their poor perception of the importance of software engineering has led to the definition of SESGA. This game has been designed and carried out on third year students of the computer science degree. SESGA has been designed for students to improve their knowledge of static code analysis, unit testing and Git. A software engineering project was carried out in groups, in which each of the students had to perform common software development tasks. The evaluation has measured the accomplishment, challenge, competence, guidance, immersion, playfulness and social involvement of SESGA obtaining remarkable results. It has also shown that SESGA has allowed students to have better academic results and the number of failures has decreased.
The Effect of Assam Silk Fibroin on the Bacterial Cellulose Cytocompatibility as the Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Mahendra I. Putu , Astuti Yayuk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe growing interest in natural polymers for biomedical and tissue engineering has fueled the search for materials with superior mechanical and biological properties. Bacterial cellulose (BC) and silk fibroin (SF) emerge as promising candidates meeting these criteria. This study focuses on enhancing BC through high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) and subsequent functionalization with Assam silk fibroin (ASF) using an ex‐situ approach. Analysis via attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy confirms the successful integration of ASF into the HPH‐treated BC scaffold. The diffractogram of HPH‐BC/ASF indicates the prevalence of type I cellulose crystalline structures, with variations in lamellar and porous architecture based on component ratios. Mechanical testing, particularly the compressive test, reveals that the HPH‐BC/ASF formulation exhibits the highest compressive stress and modulus compared to other samples. Supplementary analyses, including swelling ratio and porosity measurements, support the superior compressive properties of HPH‐BC/ASF. Moreover, the cell viability of chondrocytes demonstrates compatibility with the BC‐based scaffold material. These findings underscore the potential applications of HPH‐BC and ASF in areas such as scaffolding for the development of extracellular matrix.
Exploring the potential of fly ash cenosphere—capric acid composite phase change material in concrete incorporating supplementary cementitious material
Authors: Sivasubramani P. A. , Srisanthi V. G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreasing demand for energy globally, with the building sector being a significant contributor to energy consumption, is a major issue. To address this, efforts are being made to make buildings more energy efficient, including lowering the demand for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning to decrease energy demand. Phase change material (PCM) functions as a latent heat energy storage material that absorbs heat energy while transforming its phase from solid to liquid and then releases the heat energy when it transforms from liquid to solid state. Integrating PCM into building materials can considerably enhance their energy storage density. In this study, the potential of using fly ash cenosphere—capric acid (CeCA) composite PCM in concrete is evaluated. The mechanical, durability and thermal properties of the CeCA blended concrete were investigated. Furthermore, the CeCA‐concrete is enhanced with auxiliary cementitious substance, namely ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The optimal proportion of CeCA was determined to ensure a balance of compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The results indicated that the compressive strength of the CeCA blended concrete lowered with an increase in the percentage of CeCA. The thermal conductivity of the concrete specimen was lowered by 33.14% at a 25% incorporation of CeCA, resulting in improved thermal performance. The incorporation of GGBS has enhanced the mechanical and durability performance of CeCA‐Concrete. The optimal concrete specimen was found to be 25% CeCA +40% GGBS, which had greater thermal efficiency than the control specimen with similar strength performance. The findings were validated by field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of the concrete specimen.
The Different Ways in Which Subnational Political Authorities Engage with International Human Rights Treaties
Authors: Miaz Jonathan , Schmid Evelyne , Niederhauser Matthieu , Kaempfer Constance , Maggetti Martino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEngagement with human rights treaties occurs when the political authorities of a subnational unit try to understand an international treaty and intend to take policy measures to deal with it with a view to its (further) implementation. Our results indicate that there are three different ways in which political authorities engage with treaties: implementation-centred engagement, initiating engagement and embedded engagement. We base this typology on examples from our two case studies on the Istanbul Convention (IC) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), providing a granular understanding of what happens when subnational authorities commit to deal with a human rights treaty. At the end of this chapter, we discuss the conditions favouring and limiting the chances that the uses of treaties succeed in stimulating the engagement of political authorities and we offer a comparative outlook to distil similarities and differences in the patterns of engagement of subnational political authorities with the Istanbul Convention and the CRPD.
Towards a Contextualised Understanding of Human Rights Treaty Implementation
Authors: Miaz Jonathan , Schmid Evelyne , Niederhauser Matthieu , Kaempfer Constance , Maggetti Martino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers a synthesis of the arguments outlined in this book and discusses the main findings from the empirical study of the Swiss case. It appears that international law obligations do not impact the national level following a descending trajectory. Rather, they provide opportunities and constraints to a core group of subnational actors who use them to achieve their goals. These actors make the most of their agency and they can contribute to the engagement of political authorities with the treaties, ultimately enhancing local human rights protection. However, their contribution is specific and necessarily selective, and whether and how subnational political actors engage with human rights treaties is strongly shaped by favourable political conditions and institutional resources, whose absence is likely to undermine or at least strongly limit the process. Furthermore, in the last section of this chapter we sketch a new agenda for this area of research.
Empirical Approach
Authors: Klingebiel Stephan , Hartmann Flora L. , Madani Elisa , Paintner Jonas , Rohe Rebekka A. , Trebs Lisa , Wolk Teodor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we elaborate on our empirical focus. This requires an introduction to the debates around the impact and effectiveness of development cooperation. Additionally, we present what we call our sensitising concept, which offers a starting point for the design of our methods, and sets a direction for our explorative research process. In the last section of this chapter, we elaborate on our collaborative case study approach.
Superselection-resolved entanglement in lattice gauge theories: a tensor network approach
Authors: Feldman Noa , Knaute Johannes , Zohar Erez , Goldstein Moshe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Lattice gauge theories (LGT) play a central role in modern physics, providing insights into high-energy physics, condensed matter physics, and quantum computation. Due to the nontrivial structure of the Hilbert space of LGT systems, entanglement in such systems is tricky to define. However, when one limits themselves to superselection-resolved entanglement, that is, entanglement corresponding to specific gauge symmetry sectors (commonly denoted as superselection sectors), this problem disappears, and the entanglement becomes well-defined. The study of superselection-resolved entanglement is interesting in LGT for an additional reason: when the gauge symmetry is strictly obeyed, superselection-resolved entanglement becomes the only distillable contribution to the entanglement. In our work, we study the behavior of superselection-resolved entanglement in LGT systems. We employ a tensor network construction for gauge-invariant systems as defined by Zohar and Burrello [1] and find that, in a vast range of cases, the leading term in superselection-resolved entanglement depends on the number of corners in the partition — corner-law entanglement. To our knowledge, this is the first case of such a corner-law being observed in any lattice system.
ALPs, the on-shell way
Authors: Bertuzzo Enrico , Grojean Christophe , Salla Gabriel M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study how the coupling between axion-like particles (ALPs) and matter can be obtained at the level of on-shell scattering amplitudes. We identify three conditions that allow us to compute amplitudes that correspond to shift-symmetric Lagrangians, at the level of operators with dimension 5 or higher, and we discuss how they relate and extend the Adler’s zero condition. These conditions are necessary to reduce the number of coefficients consistent with the little-group scaling to the one expected from the Lagrangian approach. We also show how our formalism easily explains that the dimension-5 interaction involving one ALP and two massless spin-1 bosons receive corrections from higher order operators only when the ALP has a non-vanishing mass. As a direct application of our results, we perform a phenomenological study of the inelastic scattering ℓ+ℓ− → ϕh (with ℓ± two charged leptons, ϕ the ALP and h the Higgs boson) for which, as a result of the structure of the 3-point and 4-point amplitudes, dimension-7 operators can dominate over the dimension-5 ones well before the energy reaches the cutoff of the theory.
Internal symmetries in Kaluza-Klein models
Authors: Baptista João 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The usual approach to Kaluza-Klein considers a spacetime of the form M4 × K and identifies the isometry group of $$ {g}_K^0 $$

g
K
0

, the internal vacuum metric, with the gauge group in four dimensions. In these notes we discuss a variant approach where part of the gauge group does not come from full isometries of $$ {g}_K^0 $$

g
K
0

, but instead comes from weaker internal symmetries that only preserve the Einstein-Hilbert action on K. Then the weaker symmetries are spontaneously broken by the choice of vacuum metric and generate massive gauge bosons within the Kaluza-Klein framework, with no need to introduce ad hoc Higgs fields. Using the language of Riemannian submersions, the classical mass of a gauge boson is calculated in terms of the Lie derivatives of $$ {g}_K^0 $$

g
K
0

. These massive bosons can be arbitrarily light and seem able to evade the standard no-go arguments against chiral fermionic interactions in Kaluza-Klein. As a second main theme, we also question the traditional assumption of a Kaluza-Klein vacuum represented by a product Einstein metric. This should not be true when that metric is unstable. In fact, we argue that the unravelling of the Einstein metric along certain instabilities is a desirable feature of the model, since it generates inflation and allows some metric components to change length scale. In the case of the Lie group K = SU(3), the unravelling of the bi-invariant metric along an unstable perturbation also breaks the isometry group from (SU(3) × SU(3))/ℤ3 down to (SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1))/ℤ6, the gauge group of the Standard Model. We briefly discuss possible ways to stabilize the internal metric after that first symmetry breaking and produce an electroweak symmetry breaking at a different mass scale.
Double winding condensate CFT
Authors: Halder Indranil , Jafferis Daniel L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We conjecture a two-dimensional conformal field theory built out of a linear dilaton and a compact βγ system deformed by winding condensates on each of the compact cycles. In particular, explicit expressions of the residues of the correlation functions are provided. As a worldsheet theory, it describes a stringy black hole in AdS3 (supported by the Kalb-Ramond flux) at the Hawking-Page temperature. It is expected to be connected to the Horowitz-Polchinski-like solution near the Hagedorn temperature of thermal AdS3 and Euclidean BTZ blackhole as we vary the temperature.
Non-invasive biomarkers prognostic of decompensation events in NASH cirrhosis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Amoroso Mattia , Augustin Salvador , Moosmang Sven , Gashaw Isabella 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLiver cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a life-threatening condition with increasing incidence world-wide. Although its symptoms are unspecific, it can lead to decompensation events such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal hemorrhage, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, an increased risk for cardiovascular events has been demonstrated in patients with NASH. Pharmacological treatments for NASH cirrhosis are not yet available, one of the reasons being the lack in surrogate endpoints available in clinical trials of NASH cirrhosis. The feasibility of non-invasive prognostic biomarkers makes them interesting candidates as possible surrogate endpoints if their change following treatment would result in better outcomes for patients in future clinical trials of NASH cirrhosis. In this systematic literature review, a summary of the available literature on the prognostic performance of non-invasive biomarkers in terms of cardiovascular events, liver-related events, and mortality is outlined. Due to the scarcity of data specific for NASH cirrhosis, this review includes studies on NAFLD whose evaluation focuses on cirrhosis. Our search strategy identified the following non-invasive biomarkers with prognostic value in studies of NASH patients: NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI), enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF™), BARD (BMI, AST/ALT (alanine aminotransferase) ratio, diabetes), Hepamet Fibrosis Score (HFS), liver enzymes (AST + ALT), alpha-fetoprotein, platelet count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) 2, miR-122, liver stiffness, MEFIB (liver stiffness measured with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) + FIB-4), and PNPLA3 GG genotype. The aim of the present systematic literature review is to provide the reader with a summary of the non-invasive biomarkers with prognostic value in NASH cirrhosis and give an evaluation of their utility as treatment monitoring biomarkers in future clinical trials.
Selection of questionnaires for clinical studies in orthopedics and trauma surgery
Authors: Wafaisade Arasch ,   the AGA Research Committee
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn orthopedics the importance of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has increased enormously, not only clinically and academically but also with respect to health policy. Many such measurement instruments are available for several areas and joints, so that a uniform application of suitable PROMs is recommended for comparisons under scientific and clinical aspects. A PROM must fulfil certain scientific criteria (e.g., reliability, validity, and responsiveness), should be validated for the pathology of interest, and a validated translated version should be available for the respective language. Furthermore, data should be available to interpret results not only with respect to the statistical significance but also regarding their clinical relevance, e.g., the minimal clinically important difference (MCID).
Uncovering the impact of cultural heritage on economic growth: empirical evidence from Greek regions, 2000–2019
Authors: Kostakis Ioannis , Lolos Sarantis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper brings empirical evidence on the role of cultural heritage assets in promoting economic growth. The case of Greece at regional level over the period 2000–2019 is taken as an example, owing to important cultural heritage endowment. Economic growth is approached by formulating a neoclassical growth model augmented with a dynamic cultural heritage index. The relationship between economic growth and cultural heritage is examined through a heterogeneous and cross-correlated panel data analysis. The empirical results reveal a positive impact of cultural heritage endowment on economic growth. Also, a significant positive influence of physical capital and a negative impact of unemployment on the economy are evidenced. The conclusions drawn could be useful to regions and countries to upgrade their cultural heritage endowment to accelerate economic growth.
Unconventional approaches for chiral resolution
Authors: Malacarne Filippo , Grecchi Sara , Niamlaem Malinee , Bonczak Bartlomiej , Salinas Gerardo , Arnaboldi Serena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChirality is a fundamental and ubiquitous property of nature involved in multiple fields of science. In particular, the possible resolution of the enantiomeric forms of a molecule is crucial in the pharmaceutical, food, and agrochemical industries. The search for efficient, broad-spectrum, and yet simple methods for obtaining enantiomerically pure substances is a current challenge. Enantioselective resolution methods rely on an asymmetric environment that allows the two antipodes of a chiral molecule to be distinguished. In addition to enantiomeric separation techniques, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, new promising approaches involving out-of-the-scheme synergistic effects between chiral selectors (CS) and external stimuli are emerging. This Trends article discusses different enantioselective mechanisms triggered by unconventional physicochemical stimuli for the design of avant-garde approaches that could offer novel perspectives in the field of chiral resolution.
Graphical abstract
The Effects of Aspirin dose in Children with Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease. Results from the Paediatric Study of Aspirin Efficacy using Diagnostic and Monitoring Tools (PAED-M)
Authors: Regan Irene E. , Cox Dermot , Kelleher Sean T. , McMahon Colin J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe optimal dose of aspirin required in children with congenital and acquired heart disease is not known. The primary aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the effects of aspirin dose on platelet inhibition. The secondary aim was to determine the prevalence and clinical predictors of aspirin non-responsiveness. Measurements were by Thromboelastography with Platelet Mapping (TEGPM) only in children less than 2 years (y) of age with particular emphasis on the parameter known as maximum amplitude with arachidonic acid (MAAA) and using both TEGPM, and light transmission aggregometry (LTA) in children greater than 2 y. We prospectively studied 101 patients with congenital and acquired cardiac disease who were receiving empirical doses of aspirin for a minimum of 4 weeks but no other antiplatelet agents. Patients were stratified according to dose concentration and age. There was a trend toward lower age in patients with no response or semi-response to aspirin. All patients were considered responsive to aspirin in the higher-dose quartile (Q4) with a median dose of 4.72 (4.18–6.05) mg/kg/day suggesting that patients in this age group may require 5 mg/kg/day as an empirical dose. In children > 2 y, there was no significant difference in inhibition found in patients dosed at higher doses in Q3 versus Q4 suggesting that patients in this cohort are responsive with 3 mg/kg/day dose. The current practices may lead to reduced platelet inhibition in some children due to under-dosing or overdosing in others. In conclusion, younger children require higher doses of aspirin. Laboratory assessment is warranted in this population to mitigate against under and overdosing.
Das Menschenbild in der modernen Verhaltenstherapie
Authors: Gatterer Gerald , Kogler Liselotte 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie moderne Verhaltenstherapie hat nun bereits ihre dritte oder auch vierte Welle, wobei das klassische „Lernmodell“ durch kognitive Prozesse und die Einbeziehung emotionaler und achtsamkeitsbasierter Modelle sowie die Integration (neuro‑)biologischer Prozesse und auch des Körpers (Körpergedächtnis) erweitert wurde. Insofern ist es wichtig, das „Menschenbild“ der modernen Verhaltenstherapie diesen Entwicklungen anzupassen. Das Verhalten und Erleben eines Menschen kann in der modernen Verhaltenstherapie als Zusammenspiel und Resultat von biologischen, psychologischen, (inklusive kognitiven, emotionalen, religiösen und ethisch moralischen) Prozessen, sowie sozialen und kontextuellen (Umweltbedingungen, Rahmenbedingungen des Verhaltens) Faktoren gesehen werden. Grundlage hierfür sind Lernprozesse auf allen Ebenen seit der Kindheit oder möglicherweise auch schon davor (Epigenetik), durch die eine Grundpersönlichkeit mit verschiedenen Kompetenzen entwickelt wird. Im Rahmen des weiteren Lebens erfolgen darauf aufbauende Entwicklungs‑, Anpassungs- und Adaptationsprozesse bzw. die Auseinandersetzung mit und die Verarbeitung von Lebenskrisen und Veränderungen. Psychische Probleme entstehen nach diesem Modell, wie andere Verhaltensweisen, aufgrund von Lernprozessen. Therapie baut deshalb auf der Analyse dieser Faktoren und deren Veränderung durch neue multifaktorielle Lernprozesse auf.