bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergy to low dose sugammadex
Authors: Menéndez‐Ozcoidi L. , Ortiz‐Gómez J. R. , Olaguibel‐Ribero J. M. , Salvador‐Bravo M. J. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryWe describe the case of a fit 17‐year‐old man who developed a severe allergic reaction to a low clinical dose of sugammadex (3.2 mg kg−1, 200 mg intravenously), 1 min after its administration. This was manifest by an intense erythema over the anterior part of the thorax, severe lip and palpebral oedema and bilateral wheeze. On later investigation, the patient had a positive skin prick test to sugammadex (5‐mm diameter response, with a negative saline control and positive histamine control of 5 mm) and no response to any other drug tested. Other diagnostic tests supported a diagnosis of allergic reaction to sugammadex.
Update on modern neuraxial analgesia in labour: a review of the literature of the last 5 years
Authors: Loubert C. , Hinova A. , Fernando R. 
Published: February 2011

SummarySeveral strategies and alternative therapies have been used to provide analgesia for labour pain. Over the last few years, a number of improvements have enhanced the efficacy and safety of neuraxial analgesia and ultimately have improved mothers’ satisfaction with their birth experience. As labour analgesia is a field of obstetric anaesthesia that is rapidly evolving, this review is an update, from a clinical point of view, of developments over the last 5–7 years. We discuss advantages and controversies related to combined spinal‐epidural analgesia, patient controlled epidural analgesia and the integration of computer systems into analgesic modalities. We also review the recent literature on future clinical and research perspectives including ultrasound guided neuraxial block placement, epidural adjuvants and pharmacogenetics. We finally look at the latest work with regards to epidural analgesia and breastfeeding.
Nasotracheal fibreoptic intubation: a randomised controlled trial comparing the GlideRite® (Parker‐Flex® Tip) nasal tracheal tube with a standard pre‐rotated nasal RAETM tracheal tube
Authors: Lomax S. L. , Johnston K. D. , Marfin A. G. , Yentis S. M. , Kathawaroo S. , Popat M. T. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryIn a randomised controlled study, we compared the ease of railroading a GlideRite® nasal tracheal tube over a fibrescope with that of a pre‐rotated RAE™ nasal tracheal tube. We studied 110 anaesthetised patients with no known airway difficulties undergoing elective dental or maxillofacial surgery. Impingement was more common with the GlideRite tubes (11/55 (20%)) compared with the pre‐rotated RAE tubes (3/55 (5%); p = 0.02). The median (IQR [range]) time to intubation (GlideRite 7.6 (4.7–10.8 [3.0–46.2]) s; RAE 8.0 (6.2–10.7 [2.4–30.0]) s) and postoperative sore throat numerical ratings (GlideRite 2 (0–3 [0–10]); RAE 2 (0–5 [0–8])) were similar. A 90° anticlockwise pre‐rotation of a standard nasal RAE tube has a higher initial rate of successful railroading at first attempt and is therefore superior to a GlideRite nasotracheal tube during nasal fibreoptic intubation.
Critical phase distractions in anaesthesia and the sterile cockpit concept
Authors: Broom M. A. , Capek A. L. , Carachi P. , Akeroyd M. A. , Hilditch G. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryIn aviation, the sterile cockpit rule prohibits non‐essential activities during critical phases of flight, takeoff and landing, phases analogous to induction of, and emergence from, anaesthesia. We studied distraction during 30 anaesthetic inductions, maintenances and emergences. Mean (SD) noise during emergence (58.3 (6.2) dB) was higher than during induction (46.4 (4.3) dB) and maintenance (52 (4.5) dB; p < 0.001). Sudden loud noises, greater than 70 dB, occurred more frequently at emergence (occurring 34 times) than at induction (occurring nine times) or maintenance (occurring 13 times). The median (IQR [range]) of staff entrances or exits were 0 (0–2 [0–7]), 6 (3–10 [1–18]) and 10 (5–12 [1–20]) for induction, maintenance and emergence, respectively (p < 0.001). Conversations unrelated to the procedure occurred in 28/30 (93%) emergences. These data demonstrate increased distraction during emergence compared with other phases of anaesthesia. Recognising and minimising distraction should improve patient safety. Applying aviation’s sterile cockpit rule may be a useful addition to our clinical practice.
Comparison of blind tracheal intubation through the intubating laryngeal mask airway (LMA FastrachTM) and the Air‐QTM
Authors: Karim Y. M. , Swanson D. E. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThis study assessed two disposable devices, the LMA FastrachTM and the newly developed supraglottic airway device, the Air‐QTM, as a conduit for tracheal intubation in 154 healthy adults undergoing elective surgery. Using a non‐inferiority approach, the primary outcome measure was successful tracheal intubation within two blind insertion attempts. Successful blind intubation after two attempts was achieved in 75/76 (99%) of the patients in the LMA Fastrach group vs 60/78 (77%) in the Air‐Q group (95% CI for the difference 12–32%, p < 0.0001). Fibreoptic intubation was used to assist the third attempt. The rate of successful intubation after three attempts was 100% in the LMA Fastrach group and 95% in Air‐Q group. The single‐use LMA Fastrach appears superior compared with the Air‐Q, as a conduit to facilitate blind tracheal intubation.
Acute myeloid leukaemia in the elderly: a review
Authors: Pollyea Daniel A. , Kohrt Holbrook E. , Medeiros Bruno C. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThe majority of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are elderly. Advancements in supportive care and regimen intensification have resulted in improvements in clinical outcomes for younger AML patients, but analogous improvements in older patients have not been realized. While outcomes are compromised by increased comorbidities and susceptibility to toxicity from therapy, it is now recognized that elderly AML represents a biologically distinct disease that is more aggressive and less responsive to therapy. Some patients tolerate and benefit from intensive remission‐induction approaches, while others are best managed with less aggressive strategies. The challenge is to differentiate these groups based on host‐related and biological features, in order to maximize the therapeutic benefit and minimize toxicity. As more is understood about the complicated pathogenesis and molecular basis of AML, there are more opportunities to develop and test targeted therapies. Elderly patients, with their narrow therapeutic window, are well positioned to derive a benefit from these novel agents, and therefore, despite a difficult past, there are reasons to be optimistic about the future of elderly AML.
The functional status of incidentally discovered bilateral adrenal lesions
Authors: Androulakis Ioannis I. , Kaltsas Gregory A. , Markou Athina , Tseniklidi Ermioni , Kafritsa Paraskevi , Pappa Theodora , Papanastasiou Lambrini , Piaditis George P. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryObjective  To investigate autonomous cortisol and aldosterone secretion and insulin resistance (IR) indices, in patients with incidentally discovered bilateral adrenal lesions (BA).Patients  Thirty‐six patients with BA, 113 patients with unilateral adrenal incidentalomas (UA) and 89 healthy subjects (C) with normal adrenal imaging.Measurements  All participants underwent adrenal imaging, baseline biochemical and hormonal measurements and the following investigations on consecutive days: (i) A 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (75 g) with glucose and insulin measurements every 30 min. (ii) An adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation test with intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration of 250 μg of ACTH (1–24) and measurement of serum cortisol and aldosterone before and after 30 and 60 min. (iii) A low‐dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) (0·5 mg of dexamethasone every 6‐h for 2 days) with cortisol measurement 6 h after the last dexamethasone dose and (iv) A NaCl (0·9%) postdexamethasone saline infusion test (PD‐SIT) (2 l of NaCl 0·9% iv in 4 h) following the LDDST, with aldosterone measurement at the end of the test.Results  Cortisol and aldosterone cut‐offs based on the mean + 2 SD values obtained from the C group following the LDDST and PD‐SITs were calculated (34·11 nm and 74·83 pm, respectively). Based on the above cut‐offs, autonomous cortisol and aldosterone secretion was found in 42·5 and 15·9% of patients with UA, and in 41·7 and 19·4% of patients with BA, respectively. In addition, 17·7% of patients with UA and 19·4% of patients with BA had concomitant autonomous cortisol and aldosterone secretion. Cortisol and aldosterone levels following the LDDST and PD‐SIT were significantly higher in the BA compared to the UA group, respectively. Furthermore, patients with BA had more pronounced glucose levels and insulin resistance (IR) indices compared to patients with UA.Conclusions  Patients with BA have more pronounced autonomous cortisol and aldosterone secretion and glucose metabolism alterations than patients with UA. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential long‐term consequences of these findings.
Detection of multiple fracture sets using observations of shear‐wave splitting in microseismic data
Authors: Verdon James P. , Kendall J.‐Michael 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe hydrocarbon industry is moving increasingly towards tight sandstone and shale gas resources – reservoirs that require fractures to be produced economically. Therefore, techniques that can identify sets of aligned fractures are becoming more important. Fracture identification is also important in the areas of coal bed methane production, carbon capture and storage (CCS), geothermal energy, nuclear waste storage and mining. In all these settings, stress and pore pressure changes induced by engineering activity can generate or reactivate faults and fractures. P‐ and S‐waves are emitted by such microseismic events, which can be recorded on downhole geophones. The presence of aligned fracture sets generates seismic anisotropy, which can be identified by measuring the splitting of the S‐waves emitted by microseismic events. The raypaths of the S‐waves will have an arbitrary orientation, controlled by the event and geophone locations, meaning that the anisotropy system may only be partly illuminated by the available arrivals. Therefore to reliably interpret such splitting measurements it is necessary to construct models that compare splitting observations with modelled values, allowing the best fitting rock physics parameters to be determined. Commonly, splitting measurements are inverted for one fracture set and rock fabrics with a vertical axis of symmetry. In this paper we address the challenge of identifying multiple aligned fracture sets using splitting measured on microseismic events.We analyse data from the Weyburn CCS‐EOR reservoir, which is known to have multiple fracture sets, and from a hydraulic fracture stimulation, where it is believed that only one set is present. We make splitting measurements on microseismic data recorded on downhole geophone arrays. Our inversion technique successfully discriminates between the single and multiple fracture cases and in all cases accurately identifies the strikes of fracture sets previously imaged using independent methods (borehole image logs, core samples, microseismic event locations). We also generate a synthetic example to highlight the pitfalls that can be encountered if it is assumed that only one fracture set is present when splitting data are interpreted, when in fact more than one fracture set is contributing to the anisotropy.
Wavefield dependency on virtual shifts in the source location
Authors: Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe wavefield dependence on a virtual shift in the source location can provide information helpful in velocity estimation and interpolation. However, the second‐order partial differential equation (PDE) that relates changes in the wavefield form (or shape) to lateral perturbations in the source location depends explicitly on lateral derivatives of the velocity field. For velocity models that include lateral velocity discontinuities this is problematic as such derivatives in their classical definition do not exist. As a result, I derive perturbation partial differential wave equations that are independent of direct velocity derivatives and thus, provide possibilities for wavefield shape extrapolation in complex media. These PDEs have the same structure as the wave equation with a source function that depends on the background (original source) wavefield. The solutions of the perturbation equations provide the coefficients of a Taylor's series type expansion for the wavefield. The new formulas introduce changes to the background wavefield only in the presence of lateral velocity variation or in general terms velocity variations in the perturbation direction. The accuracy of the representation, as demonstrated on the Marmousi model, is generally good.
Lipopolysaccharide‐induced miR‐1224 negatively regulates tumour necrosis factor‐α gene expression by modulating Sp1
Authors: Niu Yuna , Mo Delin , Qin Limei , Wang Chong , Li Anning , Zhao Xiao , Wang Xiaoying , Xiao Shuqi , Wang Qiwei , Xie Ying , He Zuyong , Cong Peiqing , Chen Yaosheng 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThe innate immune response provides the initial defence mechanism against infection by other organisms. However, an excessive immune response will cause damage to host tissues. In an attempt to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate the innate immune response in inflammation and homeostasis, we examined the differential expression of miRNAs using microarray analysis in the spleens of mice injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and saline, respectively. Following challenge, we observed 19 miRNAs up‐regulated (1·5‐fold) in response to LPS. Among these miRNAs, miR‐1224, whose expression level increased 5·7‐fold 6 hr after LPS injection and 2·3‐fold after 24 hr, was selected for further study. Tissue expression patterns showed that mouse miR‐1224 is highly expressed in mouse spleen, kidney and lung. Transfection of miR‐1224 mimics resulted in a decrease in basal tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) promoter reporter gene activity and a down‐regulation of LPS‐induced TNF‐α mRNA in RAW264.7 cells. With public databases of miRNA target prediction, miR‐1224 was shown to bind to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of Sp1 mRNA, whose coding product controls TNF‐α expression at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, we found that in HEK‐293 cells, the activity of the luciferase reporter bearing Sp1 mRNA 3′ UTR was down‐regulated significantly when transfected with miR‐1224 mimics. After transfection of miR‐1224 in RAW264.7 cells, nucleus Sp1 protein level decreased, and when endogenous miR‐1224 was blocked, the decrease was abolished. Therefore, we initially speculated that miR‐1224 was a negative regulator of TNF‐α in an Sp1‐dependent manner, which was confirmed in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and might be involved in regulating the LPS‐mediated inflammatory responses.
Coincidence of autoantibody production with the activation of natural killer T cells in α‐galactosylceramide‐mediated hepatic injury
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroaki , Kawamura Toshihiko , Kobayashi Takahiro , Kanda Yasuhiro , Kawamura Hiroki , Abo Toru 
Published: February 2011

SummaryNatural killer T (NKT) cells are known to be specifically activated by α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer) via their interaction with CD1d. At that time, NKT cells mediate autoreactivity and eventually induce hepatic injury. As these immune responses resemble acute autoimmune hepatitis, it was examined whether autoantibody production and the activation of autoantibody‐producing B‐1 cells were accompanied by this phenomenon. Autoantibodies against Hep‐2 cells and double‐stranded DNA were detected in sera as early as day 3 (showing a peak at day 14) when mice were treated with α‐GalCer. On day 3, B220low cells appeared in the liver. These B220low cells were CD5− (i.e. B‐1b cells) and CD69+ (an activation marker). Primarily, such B220low cells were present in the peritoneal cavity, but the proportion of B220low cells increased with the administration of α‐GalCer even at this site. In parallel with the appearance of B220low cells in the liver, hepatic lymphocytes acquired the potential to produce autoantibodies in in vitro cell culture in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. These results suggested that hepatic injury induced by α‐GalCer administration resembled acute autoimmune hepatitis and that the major effector lymphocytes were NKT cells with autoreactivity and autoantibody‐producing B‐1 cells.
Cytoadherence‐dependent induction of inflammatory responses by Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Authors: Shimizu Takashi , Kida Yutaka , Kuwano Koichi 
Published: February 2011

SummaryPathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is considered to be in part attributed to excessive immune responses. Mycoplasma pneumoniae shows strong cytoadherence to host cells and this cytoadherence is thought to be involved in the progression of pneumonia. However, the interaction between the cytoadherence and the immune responses is not known in detail. In this study, we demonstrated that the induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the human monocyte cell line THP‐1 is dependent on the property of cytoadherence of M. pneumoniae. A wild‐type strain of M. pneumoniae with cytoadherence ability induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Whereas, heat‐killed M. pneumoniae and cytoadherence‐deficient mutants of M. pneumoniae caused significantly less production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines than the wild‐type strain. The wild‐type strain induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines in an endocytosis‐independent manners, but the induction by heat‐killed M. pneumoniae and cytoadherence‐deficient mutants was dependent on endocytosis. Moreover, the wild‐type strain induced caspase‐1 production and ATP efflux, promoting the maturation of IL‐1β and release of the pro‐IL‐1β precursor, whereas heat‐killed M. pneumoniae and the cytoadherence‐deficient mutants failed to induce them. These data suggest that the cytoadherence ability of M. pneumoniae activates immune responses and is involved in the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection.
Extrusion parameters related to starch/chitosan active films properties
Authors: Pelissari Franciele M. , Yamashita Fabio , Grossmann Maria Victoria E. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryDespite the increased use of extrusion technology in the production of biodegradable films, a better understanding of its effects on the several biopolymers is required. Therefore, the influence of extrusion temperature (120, 130 and 140 °C) and screw speed (25, 35 and 45 r.p.m.) on the properties of an active film formulated with starch, chitosan and oregano essential oil was investigated. Mechanical and barrier properties, apparent opacity and blow‐up ratio (BUR) of films were determined. The increase in screw speed had a positive effect on BUR and water vapour permeability (WVP) and a negative effect on opacity, tensile strength and elongation at break of the films. Low die temperatures resulted in decreased tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus and WVP of the films. Sorption isotherms of films were directly influenced by the extrusion conditions and films produced at 130 °C and 35 r.p.m. were less hydrophilic.
Lipid quality and filleting yield of reared meagre (Argyrosomus regius)
Authors: Grigorakis Kriton , Fountoulaki Eleni , Vasilaki Antigoni , Mittakos Ioannis , Nathanailides Cosmas 
Published: February 2011

SummaryReared meagre (Argyrosomus regius) of average weight 1278 g was evaluated for its filleting yield and fillet lipid quality. Filleting yield averaged 42.2%, while very low levels of muscle fat deposits were measured (1.06%). Analysis of lipid classes revealed a high proportion of polar lipids (48.3–59.1%) and low levels of neutral fatty acids (40.9–51.7%) when compared to corresponding values of other farmed fish species. Phosphatidyl‐choline (PC) was the dominant polar lipid (2.92 mg g−1 muscle), while cholesterol the most abundant neutral lipid (1.68 mg g−1 muscle). The fatty acid composition of meagre fillet generally reflects the dietary fatty acids. Among n‐3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (4.58%) and docohexaenoic (15.0%) were measured to be the most abundant ones, and 18:2n‐6 (11.9%) was the most common n‐6 fatty acid. The fatty acid profiles of polar and neutral fractions differ, with monounsaturated fatty acids being predominant in the neutral and n‐3 polyunsaturates in the polar lipids. The high polar lipid contents and n‐3 fatty acids and the low atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes indicate a high quality of this species’ lipids.
Changes in biogenic amines during the conventional production of stinky tofu
Authors: Liu Zhen‐Feng , Wei Yun‐Xiao , Zhang Jin‐Jie , Liu Dong‐Hong , Hu Ya‐Qin , Ye Xing‐Qian 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThis study was carried out to investigate the changes in ten biogenic amines and chemical properties in stinky tofu and brine during conventional production. Results show that the free amino acid nitrogen was positively correlated with fermentation time in stinky tofu and brine except during the primary fermentation (0–24 h) in stinky tofu. Of the amines analysed, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine and agmatine were detected in stinky tofu, putrescine, cadaverine and spermidine were detected in stinky brine, and only putrescine and cadaverine exhibited a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) with time in both sample types during extended fermentation (24–144 h). From a toxicological point of view, stinky tofu poses no risk to health; nevertheless, an increase in total biogenic amines in stinky tofu during extended fermentation may be harmful. The results indicate that the fermentation time should be <48 h and a suggested optimum time is 12–18 h.
Changes of quality characteristics of pepino fruit (Solanum muricatum Ait) during convective drying
Authors: Di Scala Karina , Vega‐Gálvez Antonio , Uribe Elsa , Oyanadel Romina , Miranda Margarita , Vergara Judith , Quispe Issis , Lemus‐Mondaca Roberto 
Published: February 2011

SummaryQuality assessment of pepino fruit preserved through convective dehydration was investigated in this work. The effect of process temperature (50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 °C) on physicochemical properties, colour, non‐enzymatic browning, vitamin C, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and firmness of the fruit were considered. When comparing the fresh with the corresponding dehydrated pepino samples, it was shown that the drying conditions resulted in important reductions of proteins and crude fibres. Discoloration of fruit was noticeable for all treatments due to effects of non‐enzymatic browning and changes in chromatic coordinates leading to a modification of the original colour. Regarding vitamin C and total phenolic content, an increase of drying temperature resulted in a considerable reduction of both initial compounds contents. Antioxidant activity showed an important decrease especially at low temperatures (e.g. 50 °C). Softening of the dried product was observed for all the treatments indicating structural modifications of the fruit due to thermal process.