bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reconstruction of a Roman Kiln in the Archaeological Museum of Sinop
Authors: Tezgör Dominique Kassab , Özsalar Ahmet 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe pottery workshop at Demirci, in the vicinity of Sinop, was active from the end of the 2nd or the 3rd century AD to the 6th to 7th century AD. During excavations at the site, 13 kilns were found, which mainly produced amphorae. The reconstruction of a Roman kiln by the Ceramics Studio of the Department of Fine Arts of Bilkent University was an innovative project which aimed to link the archaeological excavations with the disciplines of ceramics and museology. It was the first collaboration between a university and the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums (Ministry of Culture and Tourism). The reconstructed kiln is now on permanent display at the Archaeological Museum of Sinop.
The Importation of Roof Tiles from Sinope and Heraklea Pontica to the Western Black Sea Area
Authors: Stoyanova Daniela 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBased on new evidence, observations are offered on the importation of roof tiles from Sinope and Heraklea Pontica to the west Pontic poleis and the Thracian interior. The data indicate that the roof tiles of both Sinope and Heraklea were distributed mostly in the 4th century BC. Despite the intensive importation of products in Sinopean amphorae in later periods, there were no imports of roof tiles. The insignificant volume of the imports is still more remarkable bearing in mind the evidence of the widespread use of roof tiles. This decline in imports was most probably related to the emergence of large-scale local production and/or imports from other Black Sea poleis.
Sinopean Imports on the Black Sea Littoral of South-West Georgia
Authors: Khalvashi Merab , Inaishvili Nino 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSinopean imports ‐ coins, ceramic ware ‐ amphorae, mortars and tiles ‐ found in the south-western Georgian Black Sea littoral characterise different aspects of relationships in the south and eastern Black Sea littoral over a long period. The south-western coast of ancient Colchis seems to have been closely connected with Sinope from the fifth century BC. Sinopean finds become more and more frequent in fourth-third centuries BC contexts. From the last quarter of the fourth century BC, the leading role of trading with Colchis passed to Sinope. It was archaeologically expressed in the intensive circulation of Sinopean drachmas and hemidrachmas as well as in the import of Sinopean ceramic ware (amphorae, mortars, tiles) and production of their local imitations. In the Roman and early Byzantine periods, Sinope was a key base for the Roman army and fleet at the southern Black Sea coast. Finds of Sinopean ceramic products of this period are frequent during the excavations of the fortresses of the Roman and early Byzantine period on the eastern Black Sea littoral.
Direct Current Generation from NADH and l-Cysteine Using Carbon Fiber: Possible Uses in Biofuel Cells
Authors: Maeda Hidekatsu , Nagamoto Hidetoshi , Soneda Yasushi 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Carbon fibers were found to directly oxidize β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) and l-cysteine and to generate current without any mediator when the fibers as anode were connected to a cathode. After the carbon fibers were washed with water, ethanol, toluene, ethanol, and water in order, and dried, the fibers were heated at 700 °C for 5 min under aeration in order to eliminate any binder, for reformation of the carbon fibers. The maximum current value reached 6.84 mA after 2 min, and the value gradually decreased to 1.0 mA after 45 min, when the anode equipped with carbon fibers of 103 mg in the electrolyte composed of 1 mM NADH in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) was connected with the cathode in 0.2 M NaH2PO4. At this time, the amount of remaining NADH was 10.8% of the initial amount, and a second addition of 41.5 mg of NADH to again reach 1.0 mM was performed. At the endpoint, the amount of remaining NADH was 4.9% of the total amount of added NADH. The current efficiency was 85% and the total quantity of electricity was 16.5 C. The carbon fibers were found to have NADH oxidation activity; the two electrons released, accompanied by NADH oxidation, are assumed to be absorbed by the fibers as anode, after the electrons flowed to the cathode. The specific surface area and the graphite content was 91.8 m2 g−1 and about 50%, respectively. The carbon fibers are considered to be very useful for construction of biofuel to which dehydrogenases using NAD(P)+ as a cofactor could be applied.
Luminous Change of Rhodamine 3B Incorporated into Titanate Nanosheet/Decyltrimethylammonium Hybrids under Humid Atmosphere
Authors: Sasai Ryo , Iyi Nobuo , Kusumoto Hiroki 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In this paper, the structural and spectroscopic properties of rhodamine 3B (R3B) cations incorporated into titanate nanosheet (TNS)/decyltrimethylammonium (C10TMA) cation hybrid was investigated in the presence and absence of adsorbed water. Powder X-ray diffraction measurement under various relative humidity indicated that the TNS/C10TMA/R3B hybrid had at least two water-adsorption sites with different affinity for water in the 2D nanospace of TNS stacked structure. Intensity reduction and blue shift in diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectra of the TNS/C10TMA/R3B hybrid powder was observed by water adsorption. This spectroscopic behavior could be explained as lowering of electrostatic interaction between the cation group of R3B and cation exchange sites on the TNS surface.
Hierarchically Structured Snowflakelike WO3·0.33H2O Particles Prepared by a Facile, Green, and Microwave-assisted Method
Authors: Li Jiayin , Huang Jianfeng , Yu Chenglong , Wu Jianpeng , Cao Liyun , Yanagisawa Kazumichi 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In this letter, we report a novel hierarchically structured WO3·0.33H2O “snowflakes” that were successfully synthesized by a template-free and microwave-assisted hydrothermal method for the first time. Combining the characterization results and its crystal structure together reveals the WO3·0.33H2O particles have an oriented growth along six equivalent &lt; 100 &gt; directions in (001) plane to form the novel snowflakelike microstructure, which is significantly different from the sample prepared at conventional hydrothermal conditions. Moreover, microwave heating is considered to accelerate the oriented crystal growth along &lt; 100 &gt; directions.
Measurement issues when assessing quality of life outcomes for different types of hernia mesh repair
Authors: Zaborszky Andras , Gyanti Rita , Barry John A , Saxby Brian K , Bhattacharya Panchanan , Hasan Fazal A 
Published: May 2011

INTRODUCTION The NHS is required to collect data from patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for inguinal hernia surgery. We explored the use of one such measure, the Carolinas Comfort Scale® (CCS), to compare long-term outcomes for patients who received two different types of mesh. The CCS questionnaire asks about mesh sensation, pain and movement limitations, and combines the answers into a total score. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 684 patients were treated between January 2007 and August 2008 and were followed up in November 2009. RESULTS Data on 215 patients who met the inclusion criteria were available (96 patients who received Surgipro™ mesh and 119 who received Parietene™ Progrip™ mesh). Recurrence rates were similar in the Surgipro™ group (2/96, 2.1%) and Progrip™ group (3/118, 2.5%) (Fisher's exact test = 1.0). Chronic pain occurred less frequently in the Surgipro™ group (11/95, 11.6%) than in the Progrip™ group (22/118, 18.6%) (p<0.157). Overall, 90% of CCS total scores indicated a good outcome (scores of 10 or less out of 115). A principal component analysis of the CCS found that responses clustered into two subscales: ‘mesh sensation’ and ‘pain+movement limitations’. The Progrip™ group had a slightly higher mesh sensation score (p<0.051) and similar pain+movement limitations scores (p<0.120). CONCLUSIONS In this study of quality of life outcomes related to different mesh types, the CCS subscales were more sensitive to differences in outcome than the total CCS score for the whole questionnaire. Future research should consider using the CCS subscales rather than the CCS total score.
Satisfaction with conduit harvest site scars in coronary bypass surgery
Authors: Hill CS , Shepherd J , Birdi I 
Published: May 2011

INTRODUCTION Scars from conduit harvesting are common in coronary artery bypass patients. As an outward manifestation of surgery, the scar is important in patient perception of operative success and quality of care received. The aim of this study was to determine patient satisfaction with scars from radial artery and saphenous vein harvests at a tertiary cardiothoracic centre. METHODS We surveyed 62 patients attending follow-up appointment using the Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire. This is a reliable and valid measure of a patient's perception of scarring. Data were analysed using ratings of scar attributes and features. We compared findings according to site and patient choice of scar site using the Mann–Whitney U test. RESULTS Analysis of both global and summative ratings showed no overall statistical differences between arm and leg scars (p<0.05). However, patients given a choice gave significantly higher ratings of scar appearance on global ratings versus those given no choice. Patients also reported greater satisfaction with appearance than those given no choice on summative ratings (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patient choice of conduit site is an important determinant of the overall rating of scar appearance. Overall satisfaction is influenced by scar appearance. Clinicians should ensure, wherever possible, that they involve patients in conduit site selection.
Simplified minimally invasive parathyroidectomy: a series of 100 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Wong W , Foo FJ , Lau MI , Sarin A , Kiruparan P 
Published: May 2011

INTRODUCTION Conventional practice of parathyroidectomy has been collar incision with bilateral neck exploration and a four-gland evaluation. Our local practice involves simplified parathyroidectomy via mini-incision without routine use of intraoperative adjuncts. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that a good success rate can be achieved, which will hopefully encourage more to undertake minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective case series of the first 100 patients undergoing minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) by a single surgeon at a single institution were included. Preoperatively, patients underwent ultrasonography (US) and/or a sestamibi (MIBI) scan for localisation. Parathyroidectomy was performed following an algorithm of intraoperative decisions. Serum calcium and/or parathyroid hormone levels were checked at follow-up. Postoperative normocalcaemia was considered success independent of serum parathyroid hormone levels RESULTS The patients had a median age of 63 years. Of the 100 patients, 83 were female and 17 male. Seven patients had a conversion to bilateral exploration. The mean operative time for unilateral and bilateral exploration was 42.38 minutes and 76.43 minutes respectively. Separately, a MIBI scan and US lateralised the side of the lesion in 82.8% and 79.5% of cases respectively. When US and the MIBI scan agreed, the predictive accuracy of the side of the lesion was 87.5%. The majority of patients (96%) had a successful return to normocalcaemia. No complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS Excellent results are achievable with simplified MIP even without intraoperative adjuncts. Preoperative localisation is helpful in determining the side of incision. Our technique demonstrates a key principle of surgery: to keep things simple.
Retroperitoneal tumours: review of management
Authors: Strauss Dirk C , Hayes Andrew J , Thomas J Meirion 
Published: May 2011

INTRODUCTION The retroperitoneum can host a wide spectrum of pathologies, including a variety of rare benign tumours and malignant neoplasms that can be either primary or metastatic lesions. Retroperitoneal tumours can cause a diagnostic dilemma and present several therapeutic challenges because of their rarity, relative late presentation and anatomical location, often in close relationship with several vital structures in the retroperitoneal space. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed. Relevant international articles published in the last ten years were assessed. The keywords for search purposes included: retroperitoneum, benign, sarcoma, neoplasm, diagnosis and surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy. The search was limited to articles published in English. All articles were read in full by the authors and selected for inclusion based on relevance to this article. RESULTS Tumours usually present late and cause symptoms or become palpable once they have reached a significant size. Retroperitoneal tumours are best evaluated with good quality cross-sectional imaging and preoperative histology by core needle biopsy is required when imaging is non-diagnostic. Sarcomas comprise a third of retroperitoneal tumours. Other retroperitoneal neoplasms include lymphomas and epithelial tumours or might represent metastatic disease from known or unknown primary sites. The most common benign pathologies encountered in the retroperitoneum include benign neurogenic tumours, paragangliomas, fibromatosis, renal angiomyolipomas and benign retroperitoneal lipomas. CONCLUSIONS Complete surgical resection is the only potential curative treatment modality for retroperitoneal sarcomas and is best performed in high-volume centres by a multidisciplinary sarcoma team. The ability completely to resect a retroperitoneal sarcoma and tumour grade remain the most important predictors of local recurrence and disease-specific survival.
Variations in the anatomical distribution of peripheral vascular disease according to gender
Authors: Morris-Stiff Gareth , Ogunbiyi Samuel , Rees Jonathan , Davies Colin J , Hicks Eryl , Lewis Michael H 
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND While large epidemiological studies have suggested that the male gender is more frequently afflicted with intermittent claudication, there is little data whether there are gender differences in the distribution of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The aim of this study was to clarify this issue on the basis of angiographic findings in patients presenting with claudication. PATIENTS AND METHODS The radiology department computerised database was used to identify all lower limb angiograms performed for investigation of PVD. Patients undergoing incomplete assessment and those with normal angiograms were excluded. Demographic details for each patient were collected together with details of uni- or bilaterality of disease, the number of lesions present and their anatomical distribution according to the major named vessels. Only lesions reported as radiologically significant were included in the analysis. RESULTS Five hundred consecutive angiograms fitting the defined study criteria were assessed. There were 310 males and 190 females giving a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. The most common distribution for both genders was multiple bilateral lesions. There were no significant differences in the number of stenoses in terms of ratio of bilateral to unilateral (2.39 vs 2.77) or ratio of multiple to single lesions (1.5 vs 1.7) between the female and male groups. Disease was more common in males at all anatomical locations, the most significant differences being for lesions of the common femoral and profunda femoris arteries. CONCLUSIONS PVD is more commonly diagnosed in males than females. The disease process is more commonly bilateral in both genders and PVD affects more numerous sites in the male claudicant than in the female claudicant. Nevertheless, there does not appear to be any difference in the anatomical distribution of disease between genders.
Surginote: Improving the Accuracy and Quality of Operation Note-Keeping
Authors: Chiu GA , Woodwards RTM 
Published: May 2011

Payment by results (PbR), introduced by the Department of Health in 2004, is the current system that determines how a surgical department receives revenue. This is related to the type and number of procedures recorded in that department. This is done in three stages: > Terming: the surgeon documents the surgical procedure. > Classifying: this is performed by clinical coders, who translate each procedure into code. Each procedure has been assigned an Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys Classification of Surgical Operations and Procedures (4th revision) code (OPCS-4). > Grouping: the OPCS codes are used to derive healthcare resource groups (HRGs). This is a measure of care based on diagnosis and complexity of treatment. This provides the final payment.
The Acshpri: Shaping Surgical Workforce Policy Through Evidence-Based Analyses
Authors: Fraher Erin P , Poley Stephanie T , Sheldon George F , Ricketts Thomas C , Thompson Kristie W 
Published: May 2011

Editor's note: This article is being published jointly in the Bulletin of the American College of Surgeons and the Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. With health reform underway in both countries, the issues confronting the surgical workforce in the US are strikingly similar to the challenges facing the surgical workforce in England. This article describes the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Health Policy Research Institute's (HPRI) role in collecting, analysing and disseminating information about the surgical workforce in the US and suggests that HPRI might serve as a model for The Royal College of Surgeons of England to assist the UK government in workforce planning.
α-Pinene and Myrcene Induce Ultrastructural Changes in the Midgut ofDendroctonus valens(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: Fernanda López María , Cano-Ramírez Caudia , Shibayama Mineko , Zúñiga Gerardo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are economically and ecologically the most important group of forest insects. They use several monoterpenes produced by their host plants to locate and colonize trees. Some of these compounds also are metabolized to produce sex, aggregation, or antiaggregation pheromones. Experimental studies have shown that certain terpenes are highly toxic to the insects, negatively affecting their development, reproductive success, and colonization of host trees. Nevertheless, the effects of these compounds on specific organs or anatomical systems are unknown. Based on relationship between bark beetles and monoterpenes of their host trees and the midgut morphological characterization performed previously, we studied the effects of α-pinene and myrcene on midgut cells of the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus Valens LeConte. Our results show that both α-pinene and myrcene induce an increase in the numbers of lysosomes and mitochondria. Outer and inner mitochondrial membranes were very conspicuous but were not disrupted. Both smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula were abundant and were found throughout the cytoplasm. Two kinds of secretory vesicles were observed: one associated with digestive material and the other associated with “flocculent” material. The Golgi complex was prominent but had no defined arrangement. Observed ultrastructural changes are indicative of intense cell activity and are associated with processes of digestion, synthesis, and excretion as well as of monoterpenes transformation but are not indicative of irreversible cellular damage or death.
Developmental Plasticity of Life-Cycle Length in Thirteen-Year Periodical Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Authors: Marshall David C , Cooley John R , Hill Kathy B R 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Speciation in periodical cicadas (Magicicada Davis) is closely tied to changes in life-cycle length, which presents a paradox because these organisms depend on emergence synchrony for survival. Recently proposed speciation models invoke developmental plasticity as a possible solution: Environmentally triggered “4-yr accelerations” occur in 17-yr cicadas, suggesting that canalization of induced plasticity could change 17-yr populations into temporally isolated 13-yr populations. However, the reverse shift, 13-yr cicadas emerging in 17 yr, has never been documented. We searched 4 yr after the normal emergence of a 13-yr brood (and in a year with no expected periodical cicada emergences anywhere) and found periodical cicadas active at 26 of 92 sites, with examples of all four 13-yr species. At one location, we found evidence of at least 1,724 cicadas per ha emerging. Few males were heard singing at most sites, so these off-schedule cicadas apparently did not survive long in the face of predation. We also found one 13-yr species singing 8 yr late within the range of a different 13-yr brood, suggesting an 8-yr delayed emergence or consecutive generations of 4-yr delayed cicadas. Developmental plasticity in life-cycle length seems to be similar in 13- and 17-yr cicadas—both types possess the ability to switch to the opposite life cycle and to emerge 1 yr early and/or late. The confirmation of a reverse life-cycle switch in 13- cicadas suggests improvements to theories of life-cycle evolution in Magicicada and strengthens the case for developmental plasticity in speciation.
Sympatry and Asymmetric Introgression between the Cactophilic SpeciesDrosophila seridoandDrosophila antonietae(Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Kokudai CBS , Sene F M , Manfrin M H 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe cactophilic species Drosophila serido Vilela and Sene 1977 and Drosophila antonietae Tidon-Sklorz and Sene 2001 are two closely related species that have partially overlapping distributions in the Florianópolis-SC locality on the southern Brazilian coast. To characterize this contact zone with respect to possible introgression events and the differential use of cacti hosts, we analyzed male individuals that were collected in their natural environment or from the necrotic cacti in which they were reared, by using aedeagus morphology, isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes, and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I as diagnostic markers. Morphological and molecular markers showed a bimodal distribution, although there was some incongruence, suggesting the presence of asymmetric introgression events. These results suggest that gene flow occurred in the past but then ceased, possibly due to reinforcement of prezygotic reproductive isolation. Analysis of individuals reared in necrotic cacti of two sympatric species in this region showed that D. antonietae, but not D. serido, preferentially uses Cereus hildmannianus Mill. as a cactus host, which may represent an important influence on ecological differentiation by affecting the dynamics of these species in this area of sympatry.