bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of non‐isothermal condition on heterogeneous flow through biofilter media by lattice Boltzmann simulation
Authors: Yan Wei‐Wei , Su Zhong‐Di , Zhang Hong‐Jun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Biofiltration technology has received much attention due to its effectiveness, low cost and environment friendly properties. It is used to remove odors caused chiefly by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) via biological treatments.RESULTS: In this study, numerical simulations using the thermal lattice Boltzmann method are implemented to investigate the effect of non‐isothermal conditions on heterogeneous flow through three biofilter models that are partly filled with porous media. The generalized Navier–Stokes model based on the Brinkman‐Forchheimer–extended Darcy model is used to make several assumptions.CONCLUSIONS: The numerical results indicate that the Rayleigh number has significant influence on the removal efficiencies of biofilters. There also exist critical Rayleigh numbers for biofilters under non‐isothermal conditions. If the Rayleigh number is less than the critical value, the flow heterogeneity will reduce with increasing Rayleigh number; otherwise, the flow heterogeneity will enhance with increasing Rayleigh number. Moreover, it was found that the performances of biofilters can be improved by designing non‐isothermal conditions between the porous media layers, i.e. by adjusting the Rayleigh number to optimize the detention time of waste air. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of liquid–liquid phase equilibria for reactive extraction of lactic acid with organophosphorus solvents
Authors: Lux Susanne , Siebenhofer Matthäus 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lactic acid is a versatile commodity chemical with a variety of applications. Synthesis of lactic acid either through fermentation of carbohydrates or through chemical synthesis is state of the art. Separation from dilute aqueous solution is complex and accounts for the major part of production costs. Reactive extraction based on reversible adduct formation is a promising alternative for the separation of lactic acid.RESULTS: Extraction was carried out with the organophosphorus solvents tri‐n‐butyl phosphate, tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide and Cyanex 923. Shellsol T was used as diluent. Partition coefficients increase with increasing extractant content and decreasing temperature. Cyanex 923 has several advantages compared with tri‐n‐butyl phosphate and tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide with respect to lactic acid distribution and hydrodynamic properties. Liquid‐liquid phase equilibria for lactic acid extraction with Cyanex 923 were modeled. Selectivity of lactic acid extraction with respect to glycolic acid and formic acid was discussed.CONCLUSION: The organophosphorus extractant Cyanex 923 was found to be an appropriate solvent for lactic acid extraction from aqueous solutions. Experimental data and model data based on the Law of Mass Action showed good agreement. Lactic acid extraction from multi‐acid solution showed good selectivity compared with glycolic acid. Lactic acid selectivity is low with respect to formic acid. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydration of a low‐grade magnesium oxide. Lab‐scale study
Authors: del Valle‐Zermeño R. , Chimenos J.M. , Formosa J. , Fernández A.I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Low grade magnesium oxide (LG‐MgO) is a by‐product from the calcination of natural magnesite that is currently hydrated to magnesium hydroxide by storing it in the open for up to 6 months. It is eight to ten times cheaper than pure magnesium oxide and therefore the revalorization of this by‐product is very attractive for those applications requiring great quantities of magnesium hydroxide for which high purity is not required. Here the hydration of LG‐MgO is studied as a function of two parameters: hydrating agent and temperature.RESULTS: Addition of acetic acid during the hydration of LG‐MgO improved the effectiveness of treatment. At 50 °C, the maximum percentage hydration was 40% in pure water and increased to 65% and 70% using aqueous solutions of 0.5 and 1.0 mol L−1 acetic acid. Increase of temperature also had a positive effect on the final degree of hydration. When the treatment was carried out with 0.5 mol L−1 acetic acid, the hydration increased from 50 to 65 and 80% at 25, 50 and 90 °C respectively. Accordingly under the optimum conditions of 90 °C and 0.5 mol L−1 acetic acid 80% hydration was achieved within 8 h.CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that much shorter hydration times are possible and therefore an industrial alternative to the spontaneous process could satisfy an increasing demand for magnesium hydroxide. Moreover, agitation is not needed as the reaction is chemically controlled. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
An exploratory trial of Cyclamen europaeum extract for acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ponikau Jens U. , Hamilos Daniel L. , Barreto Angelique , Cecil John , Jones Stephen W. , Manthei Scott E. , Collins Jason 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:An exploratory US trial in patients with acute rhinosinusitis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cyclamen europeaum extract, a product marketed in Europe that causes reflex nasal discharge and subsequent decongestion.Study Design:Prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, and parallel group.Methods:Outpatients (n = 29) with cardinal symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis and both endoscopic and radiographic (computed tomography [CT] scan) evidence at 25 US centers were randomized to receive intranasal, lyophilized, reconstituted Cyclamen europeaum extract (Cyclamen) or placebo spray for 7 days. Primary outcomes were reduction in percent sinus opacification on CT scans and reduction in PM predose instantaneous total symptom scores measured on a six‐point scale. Secondary outcomes included other measures of symptom score change and endoscopic signs of mucopurulence and inflammation.Results:Cyclamen treatment significantly reduced sinus opacification compared with placebo treatment (P < .045). Although Cyclamen treatment reduced total symptom scores from baseline more than placebo treatment (−2.4 vs. −1.4), there were no significant treatment group differences (P = .312). Cyclamen treatment was well tolerated.Conclusions:Cyclamen treatment significantly reduced sinus opacification in patients with acute rhinosinusitis. Further exploration of Cyclamen treatment in larger patient populations is warranted.
Effect of Counter Anions on Kinetics and Stereoregularity for the Strong Brønsted Acid‐Promoted Group Transfer Polymerization of N,N‐Dimethylacrylamide
Authors: Fuchise Keita , Chen Yougen , Takada Kenji , Satoh Toshifumi , Kakuchi Toyoji 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe strong Brønsted acid‐promoted group transfer polymerization (GTP) of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) using trifluoromethanesulfonimide (Tf2NH) and 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorophenyl‐1,1‐bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methane (Tf2CHC6F5) was carried out to quantitatively evaluate the effect of the counter anions for the employed acid on the kinetics and the stereoregularity of the polymerization. The equilibrium constant for the monomer activation (K) and the rate constant for the propagation reaction (kp) were determined from the integrated rate equation derived from the presumed polymerization mechanism. Both of the constants for the polymerization using Tf2CHC6F5 were higher than those for Tf2NH. The activation parameters for the syndiotactic propagation were determined from the Fordham plot.
Nonexistence of global solutions for a nonlocal nonlinear hyperbolic system with linear damping
Authors: Kerbal S. 
Published: June 2012

This article concerns the Cauchy problem for the damped nonlinear hyperbolic system

math image where ϵ > 0 is a small parameter, 0 < α ≤ 1,0 < β ≤ 1,p,q ≥ 1 satisfying pq > 1 , and N ≥ 1 is an integer.It is proved that if N ∕ 2α < max((p + 1) ∕ (pq − 1),(q + 1) ∕ (pq − 1)), then every weak solution does not exist globally whenever the initial data satisfy or  . Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and characterization of the vitellogenin receptor in Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its expression during vitellogenesis
Authors: Roth Ziv , Khalaila Isam 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn oviparous organisms, oocyte maturation depends on massive production of the egg yolk‐precursor protein, vitellogenin (Vg). Vg is taken up by the developing oocytes through receptor‐mediated endocytosis (RME), a process essential to successful reproduction. The aims of this study were to identify and characterize the yet‐unknown vitellogenin receptor (VgR) from the pleocyamate crustacean Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and to investigate its expression levels during vitellogenesis and its interaction with Vg. The VgR gene was cloned, and its translated protein was specifically located at the oocyte membrane. Moreover, for the first time, a VgR protein was identified and sequenced by mass spectrometry. The putative MrVgR displayed high sequence similarity to VgRs from crustaceans, insects, and vertebrates, and its structure includes typical elements, such as an extracellular, lipoprotein‐binding domain (LBD), EGF‐like, and O‐glycosylation domains, a transmembrane domain, and a short, C‐terminal, cytosolic tail. In this article, we identify the first crustacean VgR protein, and present data demonstrating its high affinity for a Vg column followed by elution with suramin and EDTA. Additionally we demonstrate that VgR expression in the oocyte is elevated during vitellogenesis. Our results contribute to the fundamental understanding of oocyte maturation in crustaceans, and particularly elucidate Vg uptake through RME via the VgR. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79:478–487, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oviductal fluid modulates the dynamics of tyrosine phosphorylation in cryopreserved boar spermatozoa during capacitation
Authors: Kumaresan A. , Johannisson Anders , Humblot Patrice , Bergqvist Ann‐Sofi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFollowing insemination, spermatozoa are retained in the utero‐tubal junction and isthmic region of the oviduct, where essential steps of capacitation are coordinated. Although a majority of the spermatozoa is exposed to similar conditions in the oviduct, the speed of the response varies depending on the individual male and the state of the spermatozoa. The present study evaluated individual boar variations in terms of the ability of spermatozoa to undergo tyrosine phosphorylation in response to isthmic oviductal fluid (ODF). Cryopreserved spermatozoa from four boars were incubated with pre‐ and post‐ovulatory ODF for 6 hr. Sperm kinematics, global protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and dynamics of different phosphorylation patterns were analyzed at hourly interval. The percentage of phosphorylated spermatozoa in the pre‐ovulatory ODF‐treated group was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in the other treatment groups. Motility, velocity, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in spermatozoa in response to ODF and control media also showed differences between boars. Spermatozoa from all four boars showed strong expression of a 19‐kDa phosphoprotein while spermatozoa from two boars showed additionally strong expression of a 32‐kDa phosphoprotein when incubated with pre‐ovulatory ODF. While phosphorylation of proteins in the acrosome and the equatorial segment of the sperm were noticed at an early stage during incubation with ODF, tail phosphorylation appeared at a later stage of capacitation. The results indicate individual variation between boars in terms of sperm proteins, including different phosphorylation patterns, in response to ODF, which might be related to fertility.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 525‐540, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ex vivo pharmacology of surgical samples of the uterosacral ligament. Part II: Effects of oxytocin and relaxin on arteries and vascular plexus
Authors: Drews Ulrich , Renz Matthias , Busch Christian , Reisenauer Christl 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimsThe uterosacral ligament (USL) contains prominent vessels, the function of which is unknown. Here we study the relationship between smooth muscle of the USL and the vascular bundles.MethodsNative samples of arteries and vascular bundles were mounted in a perfusion chamber under the stereomicroscope. The effects of noradrenalin, carbachol, oxytocin, and relaxin were monitored by digital time‐lapse video and quantified by image processing.ResultsArteries were adrenergic and the smooth muscle in the adventitia cholinergic. Relaxin‐2 shifted the dose response curve of noradrenalin to the right and widened the arterial lumen within 30 min. Oxytocin induced contraction of the adventitial smooth muscle leading to a slow opening of the artery. In a vascular bundle the differential pattern of both reactivities was demonstrated.ConclusionsIn the USL the smooth muscle extends into the adventitial layer of blood vessels and forms a functional unit with the vascular plexus, which is regulated by relaxin and oxytocin. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1300–1306, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fully implicit Lagrange–Newton–Krylov–Schwarz algorithms for boundary control of unsteady incompressible flows
Authors: Yang Haijian , Prudencio Ernesto E. , Cai Xiao‐Chuan 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYWe develop a parallel fully implicit domain decomposition algorithm for solving optimization problems constrained by time‐dependent nonlinear partial differential equations. In particular, we study the boundary control of unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. After an implicit discretization in time, a fully coupled sparse nonlinear optimization problem needs to be solved at each time step. The class of full space Lagrange–Newton–Krylov–Schwarz algorithms is used to solve the sequence of optimization problems. Among optimization algorithms, the fully implicit full space approach is considered to be the easiest to formulate and the hardest to solve. We show that Lagrange–Newton–Krylov–Schwarz, with a one‐level restricted additive Schwarz preconditioner, is an efficient class of methods for solving these hard problems. To demonstrate the scalability and robustness of the algorithm, we consider several problems with a wide range of Reynolds numbers and time step sizes, and we present numerical results for large‐scale calculations involving several million unknowns obtained on machines with more than 1000 processors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient ALE mesh management for 3D quasi‐Eulerian problems
Authors: Boman R. , Ponthot J.‐P. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYIn computational solid mechanics, the ALE formalism can be very useful to reduce the size of finite element models of continuous forming operations such as roll forming. The mesh of these ALE models is said to be quasi‐Eulerian because the nodes remain almost fixed—or almost Eulerian—in the main process direction, although they are required to move in the orthogonal plane in order to follow the lateral displacements of the solid. This paper extensively presents a complete node relocation procedure dedicated to such ALE models. The discussion focusses on quadrangular and hexahedral meshes with local refinements. The main concern of this work is the preservation of the geometrical features and the shape of the free boundaries of the mesh. With this aim in view, each type of nodes (corner, edge, surface and volume) is treated sequentially with dedicated algorithms. A special care is given to highly curved 3D surfaces for which a CPU‐efficient smoothing technique is proposed. This new method relies on a spline surface reconstruction, on a very fast weighted Laplacian smoother with original weights and on a robust reprojection algorithm. The overall consistency of this mesh management procedure is finally demonstrated in two numerical applications. The first one is a 2D ALE simulation of a drawbead, which provides similar results to an equivalent Lagrangian model yet is much faster. The second application is a 3D industrial ALE model of a 16‐stand roll forming line. In this case, all attempts to perform the same simulation by using the Lagrangian formalism have been unsuccessful. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On a discrete‐time collocation method for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with wave operator
Authors: Vong Seak‐Weng , Meng Qing‐Jiang , Lei Siu‐Long 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe consider a discrete‐time orthogonal spline collocation scheme for solving Schrödinger equation with wave operator. The scheme is proposed recently by Wang et al. (J Comput Appl Math 235 (2011), 1993–2005) and is showed to have high‐order convergence rate when a parameter θ in the scheme is not less than
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\frac{1}{4}$\end{document}. In this article, we show that the result can be extended to include \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\theta\in(0,\frac{1}{4})$\end{document}
under an assumption. Numerical example is given to justify the theoretical result. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Discontinuous Galerkin methods for solving double obstacle problem
Authors: Wang Fei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this article the ideas in Wang et al. [SIAM J Numec Anal 48 (2010), 708–73] are extended to solve the double obstacle problem using discontinuous Galerkin methods. A priori error estimates are established for these methods, which reach optimal order for linear elements. We present a test example, and the numerical results on the convergence order match the theoretical prediction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
A retrospective study on the usage of antiepileptic drugs in Asian children from 2000 to 2009 in the largest pediatric hospital in Singapore
Authors: Tan Wei Wei , Kong Sing Teang , Chan Derrick W.S. , Ho Paul C. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeIn light of the increasing usage of the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in other countries, we reviewed the prescribing pattern of AEDs in Singapore over the last 10 years (2000–2009).MethodsA retrospective review of pharmacy dispensing records solicited from the only children's hospital in Singapore was performed to analyze the trend in AEDs prescribing in the last 10 years. We also examined the correlation between the serum concentrations of valproic acid (VPA), the most‐prescribed AED, and seizure control. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were then performed on the findings.ResultsA total of 41 671 prescriptions on AEDs were retrieved and analyzed. Despite the introduction of the second‐generation AEDs, the first generation AEDs still dominate epilepsy treatment in Asian children, with VPA being the mostly prescribed AED (about 40% of the total AEDs usage). The majority of patients (62.8%) were on monotherapy. The mean VPA serum concentration in patients with good seizure control was 68.6 µg/ml (SD = 26.4 µg/ml; range = 12.2–138.0 µg/ml), which was statistically higher than the mean VPA concentration of 57.7 µg/ml (SD = 27.1 µg/ml; range = 11.1‐149.0 µg/ml) in patients with poor seizure control (p < 0.0001).ConclusionWith VPA being the most prescribed AED in our clinical practice, and the finding in this study that with careful classification of the patients' condition, serum concentrations of VPA generally correlate well with the seizure control, the correct dose titration of VPA with therapeutic drug monitoring is still of paramount importance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exceptional and diabolical points in stability questions
Authors: Kirillov O.N. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract“I never satisfy myself until I can make a mechanical model of a thing” – guided by this motto of Lord Kelvin we would like to invite a reader to look at some modern concepts such as a non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian, exceptional points, the geometric phase, and 𝒫𝒯‐symmetry, through the prism of the classical mechanics and stability theory. Mathematical and historical parallels discussed in the paper evidence that positions occupied by the non‐Hermitian physics and non‐conservative mechanics are closer to each other than one might expect.
Talking through the continuum: New manifestations of Fano‐resonance phenomenology realized with mesoscopic nanostructures
Authors: Xiao S. , Xiang S. , Yoon Y. , Kang M.‐G. , Kida M. , Aoki N. , Reno J.L. , Ochiai Y. , Mourokh L. , Fransson J. , Bird J.P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe focus of this review is recent work in which we have demonstrated a highly‐flexible approach to the study of Fano‐resonance phenomena, by making use of the mesoscopic devices known as quantum point contacts (QPCs). Utilizing the ability of these structures to function as an “on‐demand quantum state”, we demonstrate a highly‐flexible system for the investigation of Fano resonances. Our approach involves making measurements of non‐locally coupled pairs of QPCs, one of which is used to form the discrete state needed for the Fano resonance, while the other serves as a detector whose conductance is sensitive to the energy of this state. As a demonstration of the flexibility of this approach, we show how it can be used to implement a “multi‐state” Fano resonance, in which two discrete states undergo a robust interaction that is achieved by coupling them to each other through a common continuum.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ca(en)4Ca(en)3[Sn2Se6] and Ca(en)4Se4 in Superheated and Supercritical Ethylenediamine
Authors: Menezes Prashanth W. , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTwo new compounds Ca(en)4Ca(en)3[Sn2Se6] (1) and Ca(en)4Se4 (2) were synthesized under superheated and supercritical solvothermal conditions in ethylenediamine. Compound 1 crystallizes in triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$ (No. 2) with a = 10.2708(4) Å, b = 12.2739(5) Å, c = 16.3103(6) Å, α = 93.576(3)°, β = 90.609(3)°, γ = 109.269(4)°, Z = 1 and V = 1936.09(13) Å3. The crystal structure of 1 comprises of isolated [Sn2Se6]4– anion as well as Ca(en)42+ and Ca(en)32+ cations. Compound 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fdd2 (No. 43) with a = 27.5034(10) Å, b= 9.2738(6) Å, c = 16.9880(6) Å, Z = 8 and V = 4333.0(4) Å3. The crystal structure of 2 consists of Se42– anion and Ca(en)42+ cations. In both 1 and 2 the selenostannate, [Sn2Se6]4– and the tetraselenide, Se42– anions are interconnected to the amine group of Ca(en)42+ and/or Ca(en)32+ via hydrogen bridges forming a three‐dimensional network. Whereas in 1 CaO serves as source for Ca2+, was 2 synthesized using the Zintl phase CaSi2 and selenium powder.