bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of feeding plasma-derived commercial colostrum replacer for the prevention of transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in Holstein calves
Authors: Pithua Patrick , Godden Sandra M. , Wells Scott J. , Oakes Michael J. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Objective—To estimate the relative risk of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease [JD]) in calves fed a plasma-derived colostrum-replacement (CR) product versus raw bovine maternal colostrum (MC).
Study Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Animals—497 heifer calves born in 12 JD-endemic commercial Holstein dairy farms located in Minnesota and Wisconsin.
Procedures—Every calf was separated from its dam within 30 to 60 minutes after birth and systematically assigned to be fed raw bovine MC (control group, n = 261 calves) or CR (treatment group, 236 calves). The calves were monitored to adulthood and tested for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) infection by use of an ELISA to detect serum antibodies against MAP and bacterial culture for MAP in feces at approximately 30, 42, and 54 months of age. Weibull regression models were used to evaluate the effect of feeding CR (vs raw bovine MC) on the risk of developing JD infection.
Results—Calves fed CR at birth were less likely (hazard ratio = 0.559) to become infected with MAP (as determined by use of an ELISA, bacterial culture, or both diagnostic tests), compared with the likelihood for calves fed MC at birth.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This study revealed that feeding CR reduced the risk of developing MAP infection in Holstein calves born in JD-endemic herds, which implied that feeding raw bovine MC may be a source of MAP for calves. Plasma colostrum-replacement products may be an effective management tool for use in dairy herds attempting to reduce the prevalence of JD.
Impairment of intracerebral arteriole dilation responses after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Park Ik-Seong , Meno Joseph R. , Witt Cordelie E. , Chowdhary Abhineet , Nguyen Thien-Son , Winn H. Richard , Ngai Al C. , Britz Gavin W. 
Published: May 2009

Object
Cerebrovascular dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may contribute to ischemia, but little is known about the contribution of intracerebral arterioles. In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that SAH inhibits the vascular reactivity of intracerebral arterioles and documented the time course of this dysfunction.

Methods
Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced using an endovascular filament model in halothane-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Penetrating intracerebral arterioles were harvested 2, 4, 7, or 14 days postinsult, cannulated using a micropipette system that allowed luminal perfusion and control of luminal pressure, and evaluated for reactivity to vasodilator agents.

Results
Spontaneous tone developed in all pressurized (60 mm Hg) intracerebral arterioles harvested in this study (from 66 rats), with similar results in the sham and SAH groups. Subarachnoid hemorrhage did not affect dilation responses to acidic pH (6.8) but led to a persistent impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation responses to adenosine triphosphate (p < 0.01), as well as a transient attenuation (p < 0.05) of vascular smooth muscle–dependent dilation responses to adenosine, sodium nitroprusside, and 8-Br-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Impairment of NO-mediated dilation was more sustained than adenosine- and 8-Br-cGMP–induced responses (up to 7 days postinsult compared with 2 days). All smooth muscle–dependent responses returned to sham levels by 14 days after SAH.

Conclusions
Subarachnoid hemorrhage led to a persistent impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation and a transient attenuation of vascular smooth muscle–dependent dilation responses to adenosine. Impairment of NOmediated dilation occurred when the response to cGMP was intact, suggesting a change in cGMP levels rather than an alteration in intracellular mechanisms downstream from cGMP.
A new expandable cannula system for endoscopic evacuation of intraparenchymal hemorrhages
Authors: Waran Vicknes , Vairavan Narayanan , Sia Sheau Fung , Abdullah Basri 
Published: May 2009

The authors describe a newly developed expandable cannula to enable a more efficient use of an endoscope in removing intraparenchymal spontaneous hypertensive intracerebral hematomas. The cannula is introduced like a conventional brain cannula, using neuronavigation techniques to reach the targeted hematoma accurately, and, once deployed, conventional microsurgical techniques are used under direct endoscopic visualization.
This method was used in 6 patients, and, based on the results of intraoperative intracranial pressure monitoring and postoperative CT scanning, the authors were able to achieve good hematoma removal. They found that by using the expandable cannula, efficient endoscopic surgery in the brain parenchyma was possible.
Comparison of Glucose Point-of-Care Values With Laboratory Values in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Shearer Anna , Boehmer Marilyn , Closs Melanie , Dela Rosa Rosalina , Hamilton Jean , Horton Karen , McGrath Rose , Schulman Christine 
Published: May 2009

Background Blood from central venous or arterial catheters as well as from fingersticks is often used for point-of-care glucose testing.Objectives To compare glucose values obtained with a point-of-care device for catheter and fingerstick blood samples with values obtained by clinical laboratory analysis of a catheter blood sample.Methods A method-comparison design was used. Point-of-care values for fingerstick and catheter blood samples were compared with laboratory values for blood from catheters in a convenience sample of 63 critically ill patients. Device bias and precision were calculated and graphed according to the Bland-Altman method, and a t test was used to determine differences in glucose values for the 2 methods.Results Laboratory glucose values for blood from a catheter sample differed significantly from point-of-care values for blood from a fingerstick (t1,61 = 5.01; P &lt; .001) and from a catheter (t1,61 = 3.91; P &lt; .001). Bias and precision for the point-of-care device was large (fingerstick, 8.7 and 13.7; catheter, 7.0 and 14.0); 20% of the values differed from the laboratory glucose values by more than 20 mg/dL. Point-of-care glucose values for fingerstick and catheter samples did not differ (P = .41).Conclusions Glucose values obtained with a point-of-care device differ significantly from those obtained by laboratory analysis. The magnitude of these differences calls into question the widespread practice of using point-of-care glucose testing to guide insulin titration for tight glucose control. Errors in dosing could easily be made because of the large bias and precision associated with a point-of-care device.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy spectroscopic investigation of the aging mechanism of polyethylene terephthalate vascular prostheses
Authors: Chaouch W. , Dieval F. , Le Nouen D. , Defoin A. , Chakfe N. , Durand B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article attempts to develop and prove a technique to determine the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for vascular prostheses. The implicit goal is to be able to quantify the amount of degradation to study the effect of in vivo aging. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR) provides a comprehensive view of chemical macromolecular structures. Examination of a series of PET vascular prostheses showed significant chemical differences between the virgin prostheses and the explants collected after aging, especially for diethylene glycol and cyclic oligomers groups. Aging was investigated in terms of chemical scission of ester and ether linkages caused by hydrolytic reaction during the in vivo stay. Besides, we extended this 1H‐NMR technique to determine hydroxyl end‐group concentrations and therefore the average number of macromolecular weight. To validate 1H‐NMR results, complementary techniques, the chemical titration method and the classical viscosimetric method, were used. The results showed an increase of hydroxyl end‐group concentration and a decrease in the macromolecular weight for the explants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Multiple melting and partial miscibility of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer/low density polyethylene blends
Authors: Shi Xuming , Jin Jing , Chen Shuangjun , Zhang Jun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMultiple melting behaviors and partial miscibility of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer/low density polyethylene (LDPE) binary blend via isothermal crystallization are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). Crystallization temperature T (°C) is designed as 30, 50, 70, 80°C with different crystallization times t (min) of 10, 30, 60, 300, 600 min. The increase of crystallization temperature and time can facilitate the growth in lateral crystal size, and also the shift of melting peak, which means the completion of defective secondary crystallization. For blends of various fractions, sequence distribution of ethylene segments results in complex multiple melting behaviors during isothermal crystallization process. Overlapping endothermic peaks and drops of equilibrium melting points of LDPE component extrapolated from Hoffman–Weeks plots clarify the existence of partial miscibility in crystalline region between EVA and LDPE. WAXD results show that variables have no perceptible influence on the predominant existence of orthorhombic crystalline phase structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Mining performance data through nonlinear PCA with optimal scaling
Authors: Costantini Paola , Linting Marielle , Porzio Giovanni C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPerformance data are usually collected in order to build well‐defined performance indicators. Since such data may conceal additional information, which can be revealed by secondary analysis, we believe that mining of performance data may be fruitful. We also note that performance databases usually contain both qualitative and quantitative variables for which it may be inappropriate to assume some specific (multivariate) underlying distribution. Thus, a suitable technique to deal with these issues should be adopted. In this work, we consider nonlinear principal component analysis (PCA) with optimal scaling, a method developed to incorporate all types of variables, and to discover and handle nonlinear relationships. The reader is offered a case study in which a student opinion database is mined. Though generally gathered to provide evidence of teaching ability, they are exploited here to provide a more general performance evaluation tool for those in charge of managing universities. We show how nonlinear PCA with optimal scaling applied to student opinion data enables users to point out some strengths and weaknesses of educational programs and services within a university. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust stabilization for a class of uncertain switched linear systems via variable gain controllers
Authors: Oya Hidetoshi , Hagino Kojiro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses a design problem of robust stabilization for a class of uncertain switched linear systems via variable gain controllers. The uncertainties under consideration are assumed to satisfy the matching condition, and switching among subsystems is determined by using the nominal system. The proposed robust stabilizing controller consists of a switching rule, a state feedback law with a constant gain matrix, and a state feedback law with a variable gain matrix tuned by adjustable parameters. In this paper, we present a method for the design of the switching rule, the feedback gain matrices, and the adjustment law of the adjustable parameter. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust stabilizing controller. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(6): 12–20, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10090
Passivity‐based control on dynamic visual feedback systems with movable camera configuration
Authors: Murao Toshiyuki , Kawai Hiroyuki , Fujita Masayuki 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with control of dynamic visual feedback systems with a movable camera configuration. This configuration consists of a robot manipulator and a camera that is attached to the end‐effector of another robot manipulator. This system, which can be interpreted as the dynamic visual feedback system with an eye‐in‐hand configuration and a fixed camera one as a special case, can enlarge the field of view. First, the dynamic visual feedback system with an eye‐to‐hand configuration is given with the fundamental representation of a relative rigid body motion. Second, we construct the dynamic visual feedback system with a movable camera configuration by combining the camera control error system. Next, we derive the passivity of the dynamic visual feedback system. Based on the passivity, stability andL2‐gain performance analysis are discussed. Finally the validity of the proposed control law can be confirmed by comparing the experimental results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(6): 1–11, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10091
Piezoelectricity and visible light luminescence in tetravalent‐metal‐doped poled silica thin films
Authors: Uno Takehiko , Noge Satoru , Fujitsuka Shun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt is known that poling treatment in germanium‐doped silica (Ge:SiO2) glass raises their optical nonlinearity and produces the Pockels effect. This means that the poling treatment in Ge:SiO2 produces asymmetry in the glass. We generated piezoelectricity in poled Ge:SiO2 glass thin films. Tetravalent‐metal‐doped SiO2 (M4:SiO2) films were prepared on Si substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. We used germanium, titanium, and tin as doping materials. However, less than a week later, piezoelectricity disappeared almost completely in all of the samples. To prevent piezoelectricity from disappearing, we attempted to pin the doping ions. We developed a pinning technique based on the superstructure of a Ge‐Ti‐Sn:SiO2 and Ge‐Ti‐Zr:SiO2. The superstructure was very effective in preventing piezoelectricity from disappearing. Furthermore, broadband visible light emission was observed in the proposed superstructure film. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(3): 28–37, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20777
Development of interior permanent magnet motors reducing harmonic iron losses under field weakening control
Authors: Yamazaki Katsumi , Ohki Shunji , Nezu Akira , Ikemi Takeshi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we present the development of interior magnet motors reducing iron loss at high rotational speed under the flux weakening control. The rotor core and magnet shapes are determined by the automatic numerical calculation using combination of the optimization method and the adaptive finite element method. The optimized motor is manufactured to prove the effectiveness by the measurement of the iron loss. Both results of the calculation and the measurement indicate that the iron loss of the proposed motor at the high rotational speed under the flux weakening control is reduced by half compared with the initial rotor shape while the torque is nearly constant. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(3): 59–66, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20827
Compensation of performance degradation caused by fault based on GIMC structure: Application to a redundant sensor fault of flexible arm
Authors: Yubai Kazuhiro , Sakuishi Tsubasa , Hirai Junji 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn recent years, control system reliability has received much attention with an increase of situations where computer‐controlled systems such as robot control systems are used. In order to improve reliability, control systems need to have abilities to detect a fault (fault detection) and maintain the stability and the control performance (fault tolerance). This paper deals with the strain gauge sensor fault of a flexible arm robot. In order to achieve a fault‐tolerant control system, the effect of the fault is identified as dual Youla parameter by regarding the estimation error of the faulty sensor signal as the faulty plant output. Moreover, Youla parameter is designed so as to suppress the effect of dual Youla parameter. Youla parameter is implemented in GIMC (Generalized Internal Model Control) structure proposed by Zhou. Since GIMC structure includes a conditional feedback, it is suitable for achieving a fault‐tolerant control system. The effectiveness of the proposed fault‐tolerant control system is confirmed by experiments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(3): 48–58, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20830
Stabilization of wind energy conversion system with hydrogen generator by using EDLC energy storage system
Authors: Shishido Seiji , Takahashi Rion , Murata Toshiaki , Tamura Junji , Sugimasa Masatoshi , Komura Akiyoshi , Futami Motoo , Ichinose Masaya , Ide Kazumasa 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe spread of wind power generation has progressed hugely in recent years from the viewpoint of environmental problems including global warming. Though wind power is considered as a very prospective energy source, wind power fluctuation due to the random fluctuation of wind speed has still created some problems. Therefore, research has been performed on how to smooth the wind power fluctuation. This paper proposes Energy Capacitor System (ECS) for the smoothing of wind power which consists of Electric Double‐Layer Capacitor (EDLC) and power electronics devices and works as an electric power storage system. Moreover, hydrogen has received much attention in recent years from the viewpoint of the problem of exhaustion of fossil fuel. Therefore, it is also proposed that a hydrogen generator be installed at the wind farm to generate hydrogen. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed system is verified by simulation analyses using PSCAD/EMTDC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(3): 10–18, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20864
Organizational justice, voluntary learning behavior, and job performance: A test of the mediating effects of identification and leader‐member exchange
Authors: Walumbwa Fred O. , Cropanzano Russell , Hartnell Chad A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper presents and tests an integrative model of voluntary learning behavior. Drawing on social exchange theory, we argue that individuals are more likely to pursue learning activities when they identify with their employing organization and have a high quality leader–member exchange (LMX) relationship with their supervisor. We further argue that organizational identification is enhanced by both distributive and procedural fairness, whereas LMX quality is enhanced by interpersonal and informational fairness. Moreover, we contend that effective learning behavior improves job performance. The model was tested with a sample of 398 employees from a large automobile dealership. Results supported most predictions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional exhaustion and job performance: The moderating roles of distributive justice and positive affect
Authors: Janssen Onne , Lam Catherine K. , Huang Xu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn a field study among 241 shop assistants and their 59 supervisors in fashion chain stores in Mainland China and Hong Kong, we found a negative relationship between emotional exhaustion and four indicators of job performance (overall performance, emotional display, OCB‐O, and OCB‐I) when employees perceived high levels of distributive justice in the exchange relationship with the organization, whereas emotional exhaustion was unrelated to any of these performance types when employees perceived low levels of distributive justice. In addition, this negative two‐way interaction effect of emotional exhaustion by distributive justice on job performance was buffered when employees were high on positive affect and intensified when they were low on positive affect. We used the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the attribution model of justice, and the broaden‐and‐build theory of positive emotions to clarify and discuss the moderating roles of distributive justice and positive affect in the relationship between emotional exhaustion and job performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holocene climatic fluctuations and positioning of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies in Tierra del Fuego (54° S), Patagonia
Authors: Waldmann Nicolas , Ariztegui Daniel , Anselmetti Flavio S. , Austin James A. , Moy Christopher M. , Stern Charles , Recasens Cristina , Dunbar Robert B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecent advances in the chronology and the palaeoclimatic understanding of Antarctic ice core records point towards a larger heterogeneity of latitudinal climate fluctuations than previously thought. Thus, realistic palaeoclimate reconstructions rely in the development of a tight array of well‐constrained records with a dense latitudinal coverage. Climatic records from southernmost South America are critical cornerstones to link these Antarctic palaeoclimatic archives with their South American counterparts. At 54° S on the Island of Tierra del Fuego, Lago Fagnano is located in one of the most substantially and extensively glaciated regions of southernmost South America during the Late Pleistocene. This elongated lake is the largest (∼110 km long) and non‐ice covered lake at high southern latitudes. A multi‐proxy study of selected cores allows the characterisation of a Holocene sedimentary record. Detailed petrophysical, sedimentological and geochemical studies of a complete lacustrine laminated sequence reveal variations in major and trace elements, as well as organic content, suggesting high variability in environmental conditions. Comparison of these results with other regional records allows the identification of major known late Holocene climatic intervals and the proposal for a time for the onset of the Southern Westerlies in Tierra del Fuego. These results improve our understanding of the forcing mechanisms behind climate change in southernmost Patagonia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pinus and Betula pollen accumulation rates from the northern boreal forest as a record of interannual variation in July temperature
Authors: Kuoppamaa Mari , Huusko Antti , Hicks Sheila 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFossil Pinus and Betula pollen accumulation rates (PARs, grains cm−2 a−1) from a peat profile in Nellim, northern Finland, were compared to a 20‐year annually resolved record of monitored pollen deposition data of both taxa from 2.5 km away, in order to determine the boundaries in the fossil pollen record. The smoothing inherent in the fossil PAR data is about 5 years compared with the annually monitored PARs but, while year‐to‐year variation in PARs is lost, the overall trend is retained. The fossil PARs were then calibrated with the appropriately smoothed temperature record for northern Finland. Betula pollen accumulation rates are much lower in the fossil record compared to the monitored ones. The correlation between fossil Betula PARs and July mean temperatures is much higher than the correlation between fossil Pinus PARs and temperature, probably because the subspecies Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens is at its northern limit in the area. The temperature signal in this dataset was disturbed during the period when the forests in the area were heavily cut and when regenerating trees were reaching maturity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.