bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vonoprazan 10 mg or 20 mg vs. lansoprazole 15 mg as maintenance therapy in Asian patients with healed erosive esophagitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xiao Yinglian , Qian Jiaming , Zhang Shutian , Dai Ning , Chun Hoon Jai , Chiu Chengtang , Chong Chui Fung , Funao Nobuo , Sakurai Yuuichi , Eisner Jessica D. , Xie Li , Chen Minhu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Erosive esophagitis (EE) is a gastroesophageal reflux disease characterized by mucosal breaks in the esophagus. Proton pump inhibitors are widely used as maintenance therapy for EE, but many patients still relapse. In this trial, we evaluated the noninferiority of vonoprazan vs. lansoprazole as maintenance therapy in patients with healed EE.

Methods:
We performed a double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial among non-Japanese Asian adults with endoscopically confirmed healed EE from April 2015 to February 2019. Patients from China, South Korea, and Malaysia were randomized to vonoprazan 10 mg or 20 mg once daily or lansoprazole 15 mg once daily for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was endoscopically confirmed EE recurrence rate over 24 weeks with a noninferiority margin of 10% using a two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were recorded.

Results:
Among 703 patients, EE recurrence was observed in 24/181 (13.3%) and 21/171 (12.3%) patients receiving vonoprazan 10 mg or 20 mg, respectively, and 47/184 (25.5%) patients receiving lansoprazole (differences: –12.3% [95% CI, –20.3% to –4.3%] and –13.3% [95% CI, –21.3% to –5.3%], respectively), meeting the primary endpoint of noninferiority to lansoprazole in preventing EE recurrence at 24 weeks. Evidence of superiority (upper bound of 95% CI <0%) was also observed. At 12 weeks, endoscopically confirmed EE recurrence was observed in 5/18, 2/20, and 7/20 of patients receiving vonoprazan 10 mg, vonoprazan 20 mg, and lansoprazole, respectively. TEAEs were experienced by 66.8% (157/235), 69.0% (156/226), and 65.3% (158/242) of patients receiving vonoprazan 10 mg, vonoprazan 20 mg, and lansoprazole, respectively. The most common TEAE was upper respiratory tract infection in 12.8% (30/235) and 12.8% (29/226) patients in vonoprazan 10 mg and 20 mg groups, respectively and 8.7% (21/242) patients in lansoprazole group.

Conclusion:
Vonoprazan maintenance therapy was well-tolerated and noninferior to lansoprazole for preventing EE recurrence in Asian patients with healed EE.

Trial Registration:

https://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02388737.
Transitional Care In Patients With Hirschsprung Disease: Those Left Behind
Authors: Thompson David S. , Davidson Joseph R. , Ford Kathryne , Loukogeorgakis Stavros , Eaton Simon , Blackburn Simon , Curry Joseph 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The long term effects of Hirschsprung disease are clinically variable. Improved understanding of challenges patients may face as adults can help inform transitional care management.

OBJECTIVE:
To explore the outcomes and transitional care experiences in adult patients with Hirschsprung.

DESIGN:
Cohort study.

SETTING:
Single center.

PATIENTS:
All patients treated for Hirschsprung 1977-2001 (aged >18 at time of survey July 2018-2019). Eligible patients were sent validated multi-domain surveys as well as qualitative questions regarding their transitional care.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Status of transitional care, bowel function and quality of life assessment. Qualitative analysis of transitional care experience.

RESULTS:
Of 139 patients, 20 had received transition care (10 had at least 1 visit but had been discharged and 10 were receiving ongoing follow-up). These patients had inferior bowel function and quality of life scores at follow-up. Twenty-three (17%) patients had issues with soiling at time of discharge, 7 received transitional care. Of these, 9/23 (39%) had a normal bowel function score (≥17), 5/23 (22%) had a poor score (<12) and one patient had since had a stoma formation. Eighteen (13%) patients had active moderate-severe issues related to bowel function, only 5 had been transitioned, and just 2 remained under ongoing care. Importantly, when these patients were discharged from our pediatric center, at a median age of 14 (IQR 12-16) years, 10/17 had no perceptible bowel issues, suggesting a worsening of function after discharge.

LIMITATIONS:
The retrospective design and reliance on clinical notes to gather information of discharge status as well as patient recall of events.

CONCLUSION:
There remains a small but significant proportion of Hirschsprung patients for whom bowel function either remains or becomes a major burden. These results support a need to better stratify patients requiring transitional care, and ensure a clear route to care if their status changes after discharge. See Video Abstract.
Long-Term Corneal Endothelial Parameters of COVID-19 Patients With Ocular Surface Symptoms
Authors: Kılıçarslan Oğuzhan , Yılmaz Çebi Aslıhan , Doğan Cezmi , Arslan Osman Şevki 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 on corneal endothelial cell morphology in patients with ocular symptoms to assess possible corneal involvement in patients who recovered.

Methods:
The COVID-19 group included patients diagnosed and treated at Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and ocular irritation symptoms. The control group was comprised of age- and sex-matched individuals. The controls had no ocular pathologies. Noncontact specular microscopy (Konan Cell Check SL, Hyogo, Japan) was performed using the center method after 156 ± 16 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. Parameters such as endothelial cell density (ECD), hexagonality (HEX), coefficient of variation, and central corneal thickness were analyzed.

Results:
Specular microscopy results of 54 COVID-19 patients with ocular irritation symptoms and 72 controls were evaluated. Ocular symptoms in COVID-19 patients included conjunctival hyperemia, foreign body sensation, tearing, ocular secretion, and chemosis. Mean (±SD) ECD was 2770 ± 31 (cells/mm2) in the COVID-19 group and 2897 ± 26 in the control group, and mean (±SD) HEX was 46.52 ± 6.38 in the COVID-19 group and 58.22 ± 13.94 in the control group. COVID-19 patients exhibited significantly lower endothelial ECD and HEX levels than controls (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively). Coefficient of variation and central corneal thickness analyses did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:
COVID-19 can cause long-term alterations in the corneal endothelial cells, leading to decreased ECD and HEX. Future research should focus on the long-term implications of COVID-19 on the corneal health and visual outcomes.
Hippocampal subfields in remitted schizophrenia
Authors: Liou Ying-Jay , Liu Mu-N. , Yang Kai-Chun , Hu Li-Yu , Hsieh Wen-Chi , Chou Yuan-Hwa 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Current evidence of volume changes in hippocampal subdivisions in schizophrenia remains inconsistent, and few studies have investigated the relationship between regional hippocampal volumes and symptom remission.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 31 patients with schizophrenia and 31 healthy controls (HCs). Symptomatic remission in schizophrenia was determined according to Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group criteria. The volumes of hippocampal longitudinal subregions and transverse subfields were measured using manual and automatic techniques, respectively. Between-group regional hippocampal volume differences were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance followed by univariate analysis of covariance.

Results:
Compared with the HCs, the patients with schizophrenia had smaller bilateral heads and tails along the longitudinal axis; they also had reduced volumes of the bilateral CA1, CA3, CA4, GC-ML-DG, molecular layer, tail, left subiculum, left HATA, and right parasubiculum along the transverse axis in the hippocampus (all corrected p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the HCs and patients with remitted schizophrenia, the patients with nonremitted schizophrenia had smaller bilateral hippocampal tail subfields (corrected p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Our results indicated that the pathophysiology and symptomatic remission of schizophrenia are related to changes in the volumes of hippocampal subdivisions. These volume changes might be clinically relevant as biomarkers for schizophrenia identification and treatment.
Wallenberg syndrome associated with hysteria: A case report
Authors: Li Xue 
Published: April 2024

Rationale:
Wallenberg syndrome, also referred to as posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, represents the most prevalent form of bulbar syndrome and typically arises from occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery or its perforator artery. This vascular impairment can result in profound dysphagia, significantly compromising both survival time and quality of life for stroke survivors. Managing swallowing disorders associated with Wallenberg syndrome alone poses considerable challenges, while diagnosing and treating complex swallowing disorders stemming from other etiologies present formidable obstacles for clinicians and rehabilitation therapists alike. Naturally, such intricate swallowing disorders are infrequently encountered in clinical practice.

Patient concerns:
The dysphagia experienced by a 60-year-old Asian male with right medulla infarction was severe, rendering him unable to swallow any food or saliva. However, unlike typical bulbar palsy patients, these individuals exhibit functional dysphagia disorders in addition to neurodysphagia. Notably, there is no damage observed in the brain’s cognitive areas; however, evident cognitive impairment related to swallowing is present.

Diagnosis:
Swallowing disorders associated with Wallenberg syndrome, in conjunction with swallowing hysteria syndrome, were examined.

Interventions:
Cognitive training incorporating mirror swallowing techniques, high‐intensity electrical stimulation, and balloon expansion therapy.

Outcomes:
Following treatment, the patient swiftly regained normal swallowing function within a span of 21 days, and this functionality was sustained during the six-month follow-up period.

Lessons:
Wallenberg syndrome frequently presents with severe dysphagia, characterized by complex and debilitating symptoms, resulting in a poor prognosis. Due to the prolonged requirement of nasogastric feeding even after treatment, alternative etiologies for dysphagia are often overlooked. Isolated hysterical swallowing syndrome is relatively uncommon in clinical practice, particularly when coexisting with Wallenberg syndrome; however, fortunately, it exhibits a more favorable recovery outcome. The objective of this case report is to prompt clinicians and rehabilitation therapists to consider other potential causes of swallowing disorders in patients with Wallenberg syndrome when conventional treatments prove ineffective, thereby enhancing the rehabilitative outcomes for these individuals.
Over-the-counter access to hormonal contraception: a global perspective
Authors: Otto Alana K. , Klein David A. , Lau May , Dhar Cherie P. , Hwang Loris Y. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Oral contraceptive pills are among the most popular contraceptives worldwide, including among adolescents, and are available over the counter in over 100 countries. However, when a prescription is required, oral contraceptives may be difficult to obtain, particularly for adolescents. Recent approvals of over-the-counter progestin-only pills in the United Kingdom and United States have brought widespread attention to this topic.

Recent findings
Progestin-only pills, including the norgestrel pill recently approved for over-the-counter use in the United States, are highly effective and may be used safely without a prescription or medical monitoring, including by adolescents. These pills are associated with relatively high user satisfaction. Although over-the-counter availability may improve contraceptive access overall, issues related to insurance coverage and out-of-pocket cost may continue to pose practical barriers to access for many individuals.

Summary
Over-the-counter oral contraceptives are an appropriate and important contraceptive option for many adolescents. Over-the-counter availability has the potential to increase access to safe and effective contraception in the United States, United Kingdom, and other countries where a prescription is currently required. Future research on use patterns among adolescents is needed, as are advocacy efforts and policies to ensure access and affordability.
Disordered eating in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: risk factors and screening recommendations
Authors: Chad-Friedman Emma , Clary Lauren , Jhe Grace 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at significantly greater risk for disordered eating behaviors compared to their peers without T1D. Given that this is a dangerous and potentially lethal combination, this review aims to support pediatric medical providers in increasing competence in identification, assessment, and prevention of disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with T1D.

Recent findings
This review provides an up-to-date synthesis of unique risk factors for disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with T1D, including the daily diabetes management tasks, effects of insulin on weight and hunger, family conflict, and reinforcement from their environment for disordered behaviors. This review recommends two brief screening tools, the Diabetes Eating Problems Survey-Revised (DEPS-R) and Modified SCOFF (mSCOFF), to be used in busy practices; it also provides practical strategies for providers
to use with patients in the form of effective, nonjudgmental language.

Summary
A clear understanding of unique experiences impacting adolescents with T1D may increase use of evidence-based screening tools and identification of disordered eating behaviors among a high-risk population in clinic/practice. In addition, providers’ intentional use of nonjudgmental and de-stigmatizing language may lead to more positive interactions for adolescents and willingness to engage in further treatment.
Right anatomical hepatectomy using extrahepatic glissonean pedicle approach combined liver hanging for hepatocellular carcinoma: surgical approach in a developing country
Authors: Pham Anh T. , Truong Cuong M. , Trinh Phuong H. , Thi Nguyen Chinh , Pham My H. , Dang Quoc H. 
Published: April 2024

Backgrounds/aims:
To evaluate the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent right anatomical hepatectomy using the combination of the extrahepatic Glissonean pedicle approach (Takasaki’s technique) and liver hanging maneuver (LHM) (Belghiti’s technique).

Patients and methods:
A retrospective analysis of 30 cases of HCC treated with right hepatectomy using extrahepatic Glissonean pedicle approach and LHM by only one surgeon at our department from March 2020 to August 2023. Clinical characteristics, pathological results, postoperative outcomes, and survival rate were analyzed.

Results:
Among the 30 HCC patients analyzed, males accounted for 96.7% of patients. The mean age was 54.9±11 years. 96.7% had normal preoperative liver function (Child-Pugh A). LHM with an extrahepatic Glissonean approach was feasible in 100% of cases with minor blood loss, no blood transfusion, intraoperative complications, or perioperative mortality. The mean operative time was 123.8±29.0 min. The mean hospital stay was 9.37±4.02 days. Postoperative liver failure accounted for 6.7%. Pathological results: 63.3% moderately differentiated HCC; 36.7% poorly differentiated HCC. 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 86.1, 73.8, and 59.0%, respectively. Recurrence was witnessed in 13 (43.3%) cases, with 6 (20%) cases in remnant liver. 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year disease-free survival were 69.3, 42.0, and 28.0%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Right anatomical hepatectomy using extrahepatic Glissonean pedicle approach combined LHM for HCC was feasible and safe at our high-volume oncology center in a developing country.
Combining Critical Ethnography and Critical Discourse Analysis in Mental Health Nursing Research
Authors: Jager Fiona , Domingue Jean-Laurent , Perron Amélie , Jacob Jean Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Background
It is uncommon to combine critical ethnography with critical discourse analysis (CDA) in health research, yet this combination has promise for managing challenges inherent in critical mental health nursing research.

Objectives
This article describes a methodologically innovative way to address issues that arise in the context of critical mental health nursing research

Methods
This article draws on two studies that each employed a combination of critical ethnography and CDA in the context of mental health nursing research, discussing the challenges and implications of this approach.

Results
Although the combination critical ethnography and CDA presents several challenges, it also provides a framework for researchers to sustain a critically reflective stance throughout the research process. This facilitates the process of reanalyzing and reflecting on how healthcare practices and knowledge both support and are constrained by hegemonic discourses.

Discussion
This combination has the potential to facilitate the production of new, emancipatory knowledge that will assist nurses in understanding issues of structural inequity within the healthcare system.
The Impact of Environmental and Occupational Noise on Maternal and Perinatal Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Ulin Mara , Edokobi Nneoma , Ganjineh Brandon , Magann Everett F. , Whitham Megan D. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTImportancePregnant women are exposed to both occupational and environmental noise during their pregnancy. The association between noise and adverse health outcomes is well known. Less is known about the relationship between noise and its effects on the embryo/fetus and pregnancy.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study is to review what is known about the effect(s) of environment and occupational noise during pregnancy on maternal and perinatal outcomes.Evidence AcquisitionElectronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase) were searched from 1995–2023 with the only limitation being that the articles were in English. Studies were selected that examined associations between environmental and occupational noise and pregnancy outcome, maternal outcome, or perinatal outcome.ResultsThere were 233 articles identified. After reviewing all abstracts and selected full texts, 25 publications were used as the basis of this review. Multiple studies have been undertaken evaluating the effects of noise on embryonal/fetal growth, fetal development, maternal hypertension, gestational diabetes, and maternal anxiety and depression. The overall effects of occupational and environmental exposure on both fetal and maternal outcomes remain uncertain.ConclusionsFurther high-quality studies are needed to determine the association between noise and pregnancy outcomes.RelevanceEven though this review suggests a relationship between noise and maternal/fetal outcomes, confirmation will require well designed future studies.Target AudienceObstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this learning activity, the participant should be able to explain how sound is measured, the thresholds of sound in children and adults, and exposure levels that result in hearing loss; describe the effects of exposure to noise during pregnancy and its effects on adverse pregnancy outcomes; and discuss the effects of environmental and occupational noise on the developing embryo/fetus.
Characterising time-on-task effects on oscillatory and aperiodic EEG components and their co-variation with visual task performance
Authors: Kopčanová Martina , Thut Gregor , Benwell Christopher SY , Keitel Christian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch on brain-behaviour relationships often makes the implicit assumption that these derive from a co-variation of stochastic fluctuations in brain activity and performance across trials of an experiment. However, challenging this assumption, oscillatory brain activity, as well as indicators of performance, such as response speed, can show systematic trends with time on task. Here we tested whether time-on-task trends explain a range of relationships between oscillatory brain activity and response speed, accuracy as well as decision confidence. Thirty-six participants performed 900 trials of a two-alternative forced choice visual discrimination task with confidence ratings. Pre- and post-stimulus spectral power (1-40Hz) and aperiodic (i.e., non-oscillatory) components were compared across blocks of the experimental session and tested for relationships with behavioural performance. We found that time-on-task effects on oscillatory EEG activity were primarily localised within the alpha band, with alpha power increasing and peak alpha frequency decreasing over time, even when controlling for aperiodic contributions. Aperiodic, broadband activity on the other hand did not show time-on-task effects in our data set. Importantly, time-on-task effects in alpha frequency and power explained variability in single-trial reaction times, and controlling for time-on-task effectively removed these relationships. However, time-on-task effects did not affect other EEG signatures of behavioural performance, including post-stimulus predictors of single-trial decision confidence. Our results dissociate alpha-band brain-behaviour relationships that can be explained away by time-on-task from those that remain after accounting for it - thereby further specifying the potential functional roles of alpha in human visual perception.
Proteome trade-off between primary and secondary metabolism shapes acid stress induced bacterial exopolysaccharide production
Authors: Qiu Sizhe , Yang Aidong , Yang Xinyu , Li Wenlu , Zeng Hong , Wang Yanbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced byLactiplantibacillus plantarumis a high-value bioproduct in food and health industries, and its biosynthesis has been found as a secondary metabolic pathway to mediate acid stress. To quantitatively investigate acid stress response inL. plantarumand model EPS production, this study measured metabolomics, proteomics and growth data forL. plantarumHMX2 cultured at 4 different pH values. The growth and metabolomics data showed that under acid stress, the EPS production flux was evidently enhanced while the glycolysis and cellular growth were inhibited. The following proteomic analysis found that EPS biosynthetic proteins were significantly up-regulated under acid stress and pinpointed Fur as the most probable transcriptional factor controlling EPS biosynthesis inL. plantarum. Furthermore, we identified a proteome trade-off between primary metabolism and EPS biosynthesis, which were then mechanistically depicted by a regulatory proteome constrained flux balance analysis (RPCFBA) model. As the first metabolic model that can simulate secondary metabolism, the RPCFBA model demonstrated good accuracy in predicting growth rates and EPS production fluxes ofL. plantarumHMX2, validated by experimental data. Thein-silicoperturbation on carbon sources further showed the potential of applying the presented modeling framework to the design and control of microbial secondary metabolism.