bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soybean hypocotyl elongation is regulated by a MYB33‐SWEET11/21‐GA2ox8c module involving long‐distance sucrose transport
Authors: Su Tong , Liu Huan , Wu Yichun , Wang Jianhao , He Fanglei , Li Haiyang , Li Shichen , Wang Lingshuang , Li Lanxin , Cao Jie , Lu Qiulian , Zhao Xiaohui , Xiang Hongtao , Lin Chun , Lu Sijia , Liu Baohui , Kong Fanjiang , Fang Chao 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe length of hypocotyl affects the height of soybean and lodging resistance, thus determining the final grain yield. However, research on soybean hypocotyl length is scarce, and the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identified a module controlling the transport of sucrose, where sucrose acts as a messenger moved from cotyledon to hypocotyl, regulating hypocotyl elongation. This module comprises four key genes, namely MYB33, SWEET11, SWEET21 and GA2ox8c in soybean. In cotyledon, MYB33 is responsive to sucrose and promotes the expression of SWEET11 and SWEET21, thereby facilitating sucrose transport from the cotyledon to the hypocotyl. Subsequently, sucrose transported from the cotyledon up‐regulates the expression of GA2ox8c in the hypocotyl, which ultimately affects the length of the hypocotyl. During the domestication and improvement of soybean, an allele of MYB33 with enhanced abilities to promote SWEET11 and SWEET21 has gradually become enriched in landraces and cultivated varieties, SWEET11 and SWEET21 exhibit high conservation and have undergone a strong purified selection and GA2ox8c is under a strong artificial selection. Our findings identify a new molecular pathway in controlling soybean hypocotyl elongation and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of sugar transport in soybean.
Global expansion of Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link over 200 years
Authors: Hacker P. W. , Coops N. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCytisus scoparius (L.) Link, commonly referred to as Scotch broom, is a Mediterranean shrub capable of thriving in a variety of ecosystems that has invaded every habitable continent on Earth. Our research presents a timeline and estimated rate of expansion from 1816 to 2016. We then model its expected range over the next 70 years, highlighting the need for investigation into its expansion mechanisms and the establishment of monitoring programs.
Overexpression of acdS in petunia reduces ethylene production and improves tolerance to heat stress
Authors: Baek S. , Naing A. H. , Kang H. , Chung M. Y. , Kim C. K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Petunia hybrida, widely grown as a bedding plant, has reduced growth and flower quality at temperatures above 30 °C (heat stress), primarily due to heat stress‐induced ethylene (ET) production. The gene acdS encodes the 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (ACCD) enzyme, which is known for its role in reducing ET production by breaking down the ET precursor, ACC, in plant tissues.

This study investigated the impact of heat stress on both ‘Mirage Rose’ WT petunia and its acdS‐overexpressing transgenic lines.

Heat stress‐induced growth inhibition was observed in WT plants but not in transgenic plants. The increased stress tolerance of transgenic plants over WT plants was associated with lower ET production, ROS accumulation, higher SPAD values, water content, and relative water content. Furthermore, higher sensitivity of the WT to heat stress than the transgenic plants was confirmed by analysing ET signalling genes, heat shock transcription factor genes, and antioxidant‐ and proline‐related genes, more strongly induced in WT than in transgenic plants.

Overall, this study suggests the potential application of acdS overexpression in other floriculture plants as a viable strategy for developing heat stress‐tolerant varieties. This approach holds promise for advancing the floricultural industry by overcoming challenges related to heat‐induced growth inhibition and loss of flower quality.
Shaping green regionalism: New trade law approaches to environmental sustainability
Authors: Hsieh Pasha L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGreen regionalism aims to mutually reinforce environmental governance and economic integration. The article provides the first analysis of green regionalism in international law. It argues that green regionalism represents a paradigm shift in global normative endeavours towards environmental sustainability. By contextualising three waves of global regionalism, the article unveils the evolving architecture of green regionalism alongside negotiations of the World Trade Organization and multilateral environmental agreements. Moreover, it sheds light on the pertinent disputes and features of new green initiatives galvanised by the European Union, the United States and Asia‐Pacific countries. These developments are pivotal in understanding the trade‐environment nexus and fostering economic resilience in our hyperconnected world.
Modern Technology in Rural Policing: Qualitative Analysis of Police Officers in Rural China☆
Authors: Xu Haoran 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the utilization of modern technology in rural policing, offering insights from front‐line police officers operating in the Chinese context. As rural areas globally grapple with unique policing challenges, the significance of this research extends beyond the borders of China. Findings indicate that technology, particularly video surveillance and communication platforms such as WeChat, has enhanced the responsiveness and overall capabilities of rural policing. The study sheds light on the dual nature of this technological adoption, highlighting its positive impact on policing practices while unraveling challenges, such as burnout and sustainability concerns. Notably, the study reveals that despite financial constraints hindering equipment maintenance and technological development in rural police departments, collaborations with commercial entities provide a viable avenue to alleviate such constraints. The global resonance of these findings underscores the broader implications for rural policing practices worldwide, emphasizing the need for strategic technological interventions to address challenges and optimize policing effectiveness in rural areas.
War Wives: Women, Marriage, and the Soviet Partisan Movement (1941–44)
Authors: Cerovic Masha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe article explores relationships between male combatants and women in the Soviet Union between 1941 and 1944, based on the case of the Soviet partisans. It analyzes different forms of wartime marriages, which are considered as heterosexual relationships entailing complex negotiations and exchanges, and as social institutions which were an essential part of the transformation of the social order during the war. It shows how these marriages revealed shifts in hierarchies, status and concepts of authority and power, blending peasant traditions and military culture in response to the shock of war.
How Do Turkish Grocers Respond to Changes in the German Retail Market?
Authors: Bağcı Utku Eren , Franz Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough widely employed, mixed embeddedness analysis in ethnic entrepreneurship has some limitations in its political, dual and spatial understanding and assessment of opportunity structures. To address this, we propose an alternative framework that combines Hess' categorisation of embeddedness with Katz's resilience framework. Using this combination, this study examines the responses of Turkish grocery retailers to structural changes in the German retail market. Despite extensive research on these changes, the responses of ethnic retailers have been neglected in the general literature on structural change in the retail sector. Drawing on data from 23 interviews with retailers, experts, intermediaries and producers, this study aims to fill this gap. The findings underline the impact of embeddedness on Turkish retailers' responses to market changes. The proposed analytical framework provides a comprehensive analysis of the competitive strategies of ethnic businesses and overcomes the limitations of the mixed embeddedness concept.
NSE5 subunit interacts with distant regions of the SMC arms in the Physcomitrium patens SMC5/6 complex
Authors: Vaculíková Jitka , Holá Marcela , Králová Barbora , Lelkes Edit , Štefanovie Barbora , Vágnerová Radka , Angelis Karel J. , Paleček Jan J. 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYStructural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complexes play roles in cohesion, condensation, replication, transcription, and DNA repair. Their cores are composed of SMC proteins with a unique structure consisting of an ATPase head, long arm, and hinge. SMC complexes form long rod‐like structures, which can change to ring‐like and elbow‐bent conformations upon binding ATP, DNA, and other regulatory factors. These SMC dynamic conformational changes are involved in their loading, translocation, and DNA loop extrusion. Here, we examined the binding and role of the PpNSE5 regulatory factor of Physcomitrium patens PpSMC5/6 complex. We found that the PpNSE5 C‐terminal half (aa230–505) is required for binding to its PpNSE6 partner, while the N‐terminal half (aa1–230) binds PpSMC subunits. Specifically, the first 71 amino acids of PpNSE5 were required for binding to PpSMC6. Interestingly, the PpNSE5 binding required the PpSMC6 head‐proximal joint region and PpSMC5 hinge‐proximal arm, suggesting a long distance between binding sites on PpSMC5 and PpSMC6 arms. Therefore, we hypothesize that PpNSE5 either links two antiparallel SMC5/6 complexes or binds one SMC5/6 in elbow‐bent conformation, the later model being consistent with the role of NSE5/NSE6 dimer as SMC5/6 loading factor to DNA lesions. In addition, we generated the P. patens Ppnse5KO1 mutant line with an N‐terminally truncated version of PpNSE5, which exhibited DNA repair defects while keeping a normal number of rDNA repeats. As the first 71 amino acids of PpNSE5 are required for PpSMC6 binding, our results suggest the role of PpNSE5–PpSMC6 interaction in SMC5/6 loading to DNA lesions.
Is it time for the death knell of single‐unit plasma?
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Auron Moises , Tolich Deborah , Dargis Marni 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA plasma transfusion dose should be weight‐based (10–20 mL/kg), which equates to three to four units in an average‐sized adult; therefore, the transfusion of single units under most circumstances is sub‐therapeutic.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective observational study examined the prevalence of single‐unit plasma transfusion in adults within a 12‐hospital system from 1 January 2018, to 31 December 2019.ResultsDuring the study period, 5791 patients received plasma transfusions. The overall prevalence of single‐unit plasma was 17.1% for 988 patients. The majority, 3047 (52.6%), occurred at one hospital, 2132 (36.9%) among five hospitals and 612 (10.7%) at the remaining six hospitals. Cardiac and gastrointestinal (GI)/transplant transfused 2707 (46.8%), combined respiratory, neurological, orthopaedic and congenital/dermatology/other comprised 2133 (36.9%) of the six hospitals that transfused less than 200 patients, four (66.7%) transfused single units above the overall prevalence.ConclusionIn this hospital system, more than one in six patients received a transfusion of a single plasma unit. Six of the 12 hospitals had 89.5% of the patients who were transfused plasma. Six service lines transfused 83.7% of all patients receiving plasma. Hospitals that infrequently transfused plasma were more likely to under‐dose.
Relatively Anosov representations via flows II: Examples
Authors: Zhu Feng , Zimmer Andrew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis is the second in a series of two papers that develops a theory of relatively Anosov representations using the original “contracting flow on a bundle” definition of Anosov representations introduced by Labourie and Guichard–Wienhard. In this paper, we focus on building families of examples.
Short‐term aerobic exercise prevents development of glucocorticoid myopathic features in aged skeletal muscle in a sex‐dependent manner
Authors: Laskin Grant R. , Rentería Liliana I. , Muller‐Delp Judy M. , Kim Jeong‐Su , Chase P. Bryant , Hwang Hyun Seok , Gordon Bradley S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOlder adults are vulnerable to glucocorticoid‐induced muscle atrophy and weakness, with sex potentially influencing their susceptibility to those effects. Aerobic exercise can reduce glucocorticoid‐induced muscle atrophy in young rodents. However, it is unknown whether aerobic exercise can prevent glucocorticoid myopathy in aged muscle. The objectives of this study were to define the extent to which sex influences the development of glucocorticoid myopathy in aged muscle, and to determine the extent to which aerobic exercise training protects against myopathy development. Twenty‐four‐month‐old female (n = 30) and male (n = 33) mice were randomized to either sedentary or aerobic exercise groups. Within their respective groups, mice were randomized to either daily treatment with dexamethasone (DEX) or saline. Upon completing treatments, the contractile properties of the triceps surae complex were assessed in situ. DEX marginally lowered muscle mass and soluble protein content in both sexes, which was attenuated by aerobic exercise only in females. DEX increased sub‐tetanic force and rate of force development only in females, which was not influenced by aerobic exercise. Muscle fatigue was higher in both sexes following DEX, but aerobic exercise prevented fatigue induction only in females. The sex‐specific differences to muscle function in response to DEX treatment coincided with sex‐specific changes to the content of proteins related to calcium handling, mitochondrial quality control, reactive oxygen species production, and glucocorticoid receptor in muscle. These findings define several important sexually dimorphic changes to aged skeletal muscle physiology in response to glucocorticoid treatment and define the capacity of short‐term aerobic exercise to protect against those changes.
imageKey points
There are sexually dimorphic effects of glucocorticoids on aged skeletal muscle physiology.
Glucocorticoid‐induced changes to aged muscle contractile properties coincide with sex‐specific differences in the content of calcium handling proteins.
Aerobic exercise prevents glucocorticoid‐induced fatigue only in aged females and coincides with differences in the content of mitochondrial quality control proteins and glucocorticoid receptors.
Digital Twin Implementation for Three-Dimensional Rotordynamic Response via Physics-Informed LSTM Neural Networks
Authors: Yang Jongin , Oh Joseph , Kim Baik Jin , Palazzolo Alan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The rotating assemblies of critical machinery are complex dynamical systems and rotordynamic model response prediction inaccuracy risks machinery failure leading to high production losses. Jeffcott, Euler beam, and high-fidelity 3D solid finite element models are frequently utilized for rotordynamic analyses. Even though the 3D rotor has the higher accuracy, beam models are still widely used in industrial applications. To improve prediction accuracy of the lower-fidelity Jeffcott and beam models, a rotordynamics physics-informed neural network (R-PINN) is proposed. This models physics-informed long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks that utilize partial or limited measured data, by incorporating physical laws. This approach enables the creation of a Digital Twin, which can produce additional data and help remove noise and outliers. In the current study, two R-PINNs are introduced to validate the superior capability of the model for both low- and high-fidelity physics. Random noise of 10% is introduced into the measured data produced by the Digital Twin to replicate real-world noisy measurements. The result shows that both low- and high-fidelity physics R-PINNs can achieve high accuracy even with high noise data, thereby increasing the robustness of the model. The results clearly demonstrate the ability of the proposed R-PINN algorithm to enhance an Euler beam model's predicted response to the level of accuracy of a 3D solid element model's predicted response, the latter acting as a surrogate for test measurements in an actual application.
Draft genome sequence of extracellular enzyme-producing
Bacillus paralicheniformis
strain NBG-07
Authors: Ramzan Rubab , Ali Asad , Farooq Muhammad , Ali Hazrat , Khaliq Shazia , Rashid Muhammad Hamid 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The genome of
Bacillus paralicheniformis
strain NBG-07 was sequenced using Illumina sequencing due to its ability to produce thermostable enzymes of industrial importance. The strain was isolated from the soil. Annotation of the draft genome revealed genes involved in the production of different enzymes, including alpha-amylase, protease, cellulase, and laccase.
Whole genome sequencing of low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H6N2) detected from a Brazilian teal (
Amazonnetta brasiliensis
) in Brazil, 2023
Authors: Araujo Andreina de Carvalho , Cho Andrew Yong , Silva Laura Morais Nascimento , Port Dagoberto , Demoliner Meriane , Gularte Juliana Schons , Filippi Micheli , Pereira Vyctoria Malayhka de Abreu Goes , Fisch Fabiane , Palameta Soledad , de Araújo Jansen , Branco Joaquim Olinto , Durigon Edison L. , Arns Clarice Weis , Lee Sun-Hak , Rosado Spilki Fernando , Lee Dong-Hun , Ferreira Helena Lage 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The whole genome sequence of a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H6N2) was sequenced from a Brazilian teal (
Amazonetta brasiliensis
) in Brazil, 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome revealed a distinct genome pertaining to South American LPAIV from 2014 to 2016, indicating extensive circulation among South American wild birds.
Draft genome of
Bacillus subtilis
sp. strain UAMC isolated from agricultural soil with historical use of pesticides in Argentina
Authors: Casanova Adriana , Esquivel-Hernández Diego A. , Reyes-Duarte Dolores , Hernández Sergio , Ortíz Irmene 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

To understand microbial metabolism in horticultural soils exposed to pesticides, genome sequencing of
Bacillus subtilis
sp. strain UAMC was performed. A total of 7,892 genes distributed across 40 contigs were identified. Among these, those related to the degradation of endosulfan such as FMNH
2
monooxygenase, or cytochrome p450 stand out.
The zinc cluster transcription factor Znc1 regulates Rta3-dependent miltefosine resistance in
Candida albicans
Authors: Ramírez-Zavala Bernardo , Krüger Ines , Schwanfelder Sonja , Barker Katherine S. , Rogers P. David , Morschhäuser Joachim 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Zinc cluster transcription factors (ZCFs) are a family of transcription regulators that are almost exclusively found in the fungal kingdom. Activating mutations in the ZCFs Mrr1, Tac1, and Upc2 frequently cause acquired resistance to the widely used antifungal drug fluconazole in the pathogenic yeast
Candida albicans
. Similar to a hyperactive Tac1, a constitutively active form of the ZCF Znc1 causes increased fluconazole resistance by upregulating the multidrug efflux pump-encoding gene
CDR1
. Hyperactive forms of both Tac1 and Znc1 also cause overexpression of
RTA3
, which encodes a seven-transmembrane receptor protein involved in the regulation of asymmetric lipid distribution in the plasma membrane.
RTA3
expression is also upregulated by miltefosine, an antiparasitic drug that is active against fungal pathogens and considered for treatment of invasive candidiasis, and
rta3
Δ mutants are hypersensitive to miltefosine. We found that activated forms of both Tac1 and Znc1 confer increased miltefosine resistance, which was dependent on
RTA3
whereas
CDR1
was dispensable. Intriguingly, the induction of
RTA3
expression by miltefosine depended on Znc1, but not Tac1, in contrast to the known Tac1-dependent
RTA3
upregulation by fluphenazine. In line with this observation,
znc1
Δ mutants were hypersensitive to miltefosine, whereas
tac1
Δ mutants showed wild-type tolerance. Forced expression of
RTA3
reverted the hypersensitivity of
znc1
Δ mutants, demonstrating that the hypersensitivity was caused by the inability of the mutants to upregulate
RTA3
in response to the drug. These findings establish Znc1 as a key regulator of miltefosine-induced
RTA3
expression that is important for wild-type miltefosine tolerance.

IMPORTANCE

Transcription factors are central regulators of gene expression, and knowledge about which transcription factor regulates specific genes in response to a certain signal is important to understand the behavior of organisms. In the pathogenic yeast
Candida albicans
, the
RTA3
gene is required for wild-type tolerance of miltefosine, an antiparasitic drug that is considered for treatment of invasive candidiasis. Activated forms of the transcription factors Tac1 and Znc1 cause constitutive overexpression of
RTA3
and thereby increased miltefosine resistance, but only Tac1 mediates upregulation of
RTA3
in response to the known inducer fluphenazine.
RTA3
expression is also induced by miltefosine, and we found that this response depends on Znc1, whereas Tac1 is dispensable. Consequently,
znc1
Δ mutants were hypersensitive to miltefosine, whereas
tac1
Δ mutants showed wild-type tolerance. These findings demonstrate that Znc1 is the key regulator of
RTA3
expression in response to miltefosine that is important for wild-type miltefosine tolerance.
Dynamics of the viral community on the surface of a French smear-ripened cheese during maturation and persistence across production years
Authors: Paillet Thomas , Lamy-Besnier Quentin , Figueroa Clarisse , Petit Marie-Agnès , Dugat-Bony Eric 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The surface of smear-ripened cheeses constitutes a dynamic microbial ecosystem resulting from the successive development of different microbial groups such as lactic acid bacteria, fungi, and ripening bacteria. Recent studies indicate that a viral community, mainly composed of bacteriophages, also represents a common and substantial part of the cheese microbiome. However, the composition of this community, its temporal variations, and associations between bacteriophages and their hosts remain poorly characterized. Here, we studied a French smear-ripened cheese by both viral metagenomics and 16S metabarcoding approaches to assess both the succession of phages and bacterial communities on the cheese surface during cheese ripening and their temporal variations in ready-to-eat cheeses over the years of production. We observed a clear transition of the phage community structure during ripening with a decreased relative abundance of viral species (vOTUs) associated with
Lactococcus
phages, which were replaced by vOTUs associated with phages infecting ripening bacteria such as
Brevibacterium, Glutamicibacter, Pseudoalteromonas,
and
Vibrio
. The dynamics of the phage community was strongly associated with bacterial successions observed on the cheese surface. Finally, while some variations in the distribution of phages were observed in ready-to-eat cheeses produced at different dates spanning more than 4 years of production, the most abundant phages were detected throughout. This result revealed the long-term persistence of the dominant phages in the cheese production environment. Together, these findings offer novel perspectives on the ecology of bacteriophages in smear-ripened cheese and emphasize the significance of incorporating bacteriophages in the microbial ecology studies of fermented foods.

IMPORTANCE
The succession of diverse microbial populations is critical for ensuring the production of high-quality cheese. We observed a temporal succession of phages on the surface of a smear-ripened cheese, with new phage communities showing up when ripening bacteria start covering this surface. Interestingly, the final phage community of this cheese is also consistent over large periods of time, as the same bacteriophages were found in cheese products from the same manufacturer made over 4 years. This research highlights the importance of considering these bacteriophages when studying the microbial life of fermented foods like cheese.