bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Anion Gap and Routine Serum Protein Measurements in Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: van Hoeven Karen H. , Joseph Rosy E. , Gaughan William J. , McBride Laura , Bilotti Elizabeth , McNeill Ann , Schmidt Linda , Schillen Danielle , Siegel David S. 
Published: December 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
An abnormal anion gap and an increased total protein and globulin are clues to the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy. We explored the utility of these markers in IgG, IgA, IgM, and free light chain monoclonal gammopathies.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements
The anion gap, Na+ – (Cl– + HCO3
–), corrected for hypoalbuminemia, was calculated in patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Exclusion criteria were serum calcium >10.5 mg/dl and/or creatinine >2 mg/dl.

Results
Among 287 patients, 242 remained after applying exclusion criteria (109 IgG, 64 IgA, 21 IgM, and 48 light chain); 36% of 242 patients required correction for hypoalbuminemia. The anion gap was decreased (<10) in 22% of IgG and increased (>15) in 31% of IgA monoclonal gammopathies. IgM did not affect the gap. In light chain gammopathies, the anion gap showed no consistent trend (15% increased, 17% decreased). Mean clonal IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations were 10-fold higher than mean clonal free light chain concentrations in the respective monoclonal gammopathies (P < 0.001). These paraprotein level disparities were reflected in significantly increased mean serum total protein and globulin concentrations in IgG, IgA, and IgM versus free light chain monoclonal gammopathies, where mean total protein and globulin levels were within normal limits (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The anion gap was significantly altered in IgG and IgA monoclonal gammopathies, but it was not a sensitive tool for suspecting the diagnosis. In light chain monoclonal gammopathies, the anion gap, total protein, and globulin did not provide reliable diagnostic clues.
Renal Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease
Authors: Nasr Samih H. , Valeri Anthony M. , Cornell Lynn D. , Fidler Mary E. , Sethi Sanjeev , D’Agati Vivette D. , Leung Nelson 
Published: December 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
To better define the clinical-pathologic spectrum and prognosis of monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD), this study reports the largest series.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Characteristics of 64 MIDD patients who were seen at Mayo Clinic are provided.

Results
Of 64 patients with MIDD, 51 had light chain deposition disease, 7 had heavy chain deposition disease, and 6 had light and heavy chain deposition disease. The mean age at diagnosis was 56 years, and 23 patients (36%) were ≤50 years of age. Clinical evidence of dysproteinemia was present in 62 patients (97%), including multiple myeloma in 38 (59%). M-spike was detected on serum protein electrophoresis in 47 (73%). Serum free light chain ratio was abnormal in all 51 patients tested. Presentation included renal insufficiency, proteinuria, hematuria, and hypertension. Nodular mesangial sclerosis was seen in 39 patients (61%). During a median of 25 months of follow-up (range, 1–140) in 56 patients, 32 (57%) had stable/improved renal function, 2 (4%) had worsening renal function, and 22 (39%) progressed to ESRD. The mean renal and patient survivals were 64 and 90 months, respectively. The disease recurred in three of four patients who received a kidney transplant.

Conclusions
Patients with MIDD generally present at a younger age than those with light chain amyloidosis or light chain cast nephropathy. Serum free light chain ratio is abnormal in all MIDD patients, whereas only three-quarters have abnormal serum protein electrophoresis. The prognosis for MIDD is improving compared with historical controls, likely reflecting earlier detection and improved therapies.
Role of the APOB Gene Polymorphism (c.12669G>A, p. Gln4154Lys) in Coronary Artery Disease in the Indian Punjabi Population
Authors: Sharma R , Mahajan M , Singh B , Singh G , Singh P 
Published: December 2011

Role of theAPOBGene Polymorphism (c.12669G>A, p. Gln4154Lys) in Coronary Artery Disease in the Indian Punjabi PopulationHigh concentration of apolipoprotein B (apoB) is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The association of theAPOBgene polymorphism c.12669G>A, p. Gln4154Lys with the risk of CAD varies considerably in different populations. The present study represents the first investigation regarding the role of thisAPOBgene polymorphism with CAD in the Indian Punjabi population. We have studied theAPOBgene polymorphism c.12669G>A, p. Gln4154Lys and its relationship with lipid, apoB, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) heterogeneity and oxidation in subjects suffering from CAD. The study was conducted on 87 patients with CAD; 75 healthy subjects served as controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine the DNA polymorphism in theAPOBgene. Frequency of R-(mutant) allele was significantly high (p<0.05) in CAD patients when compared to controls. Variations in serum lipid levels in the R+R+ and R+R-APOBgenotypes were insignificant (p>0.05). However, serum apoB levels were significantly raised (p<0.05) in CAD patients with the R+R- genotype as compared to those with the R+R+APOBgenotype. Coronary artery disease patients had raised significantly raised (p<0.01) Log triglyceride/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, apoB carbonyl content and increased malondialdehyde-low density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL levels, irrespective ofAPOBgenotype as compared to controls. Carriers of the R- allele are at higher risk of CAD, probably because of elevated serum apoB levels in the Indian Punjabi population. Overall, it may be concluded that the R- allele might be associated with increased susceptibility towards CAD development in the Indian Punjabi population, and one of the linking factor is the elevation in serum apoB levels. However, this association needs further evaluation in a larger population. Secondly, the robust mechanism behind the positive association of the R- allele with raised serum apoB levels needs to be explored, which might be helpful in the strengthening the observed results.
Global and distributed torque calculations using the CDSA approach
Authors: Li M. , Lowther D. 
Published: December 2011

Global and distributed torque calculations using the CDSA approach
Accurate force and torque calculations are fundamental to being able to predict the operation of an electromechanical device or system. The Maxwell stress tensor and the virtual work principle are the two major theories for force and torque calculation. However, if local distributions of torque are needed to couple to structural and vibration analyses, the conventional Maxwell stress approach cannot provide this easily. A recently developed approach based on sensitivity analysis has the capability to deliver local stress and torque as well as accurate global results. In addition, this approach divides the total torque into different components which are essential to the design of electrical devices. This paper includes several numerical examples of torque calculations of different electrical machines. The results are verified by a commercial software package using the Maxwell stress based force calculation.
Two-level approach for solving the inverse problem of defects identification in Eddy Current Testing - type NDT
Authors: Putek Piotr , Crevecoeur Guillaume , Slodička Marian , Gawrylczyk Konstanty , van Keer Roger , Dupré Luc 
Published: December 2011

Two-level approach for solving the inverse problem of defects identification in Eddy Current Testing - type NDTThis work deals with the inverse problem associated to 3D crack identification inside a conductive material using eddy current measurements. In order to accelerate the time-consuming direct optimization, the reconstruction is provided by the minimization of a last-square functional of the data-model misfit using space mapping (SM) methodology. This technique enables to shift the optimization burden from a time consuming and accurate model to the less precise but faster coarse surrogate model. In this work, the finite element method (FEM) is used as a fine model while the model based on the volume integral method (VIM) serves as a coarse model. The application of the proposed method to the shape reconstruction allows to shorten the evaluation time that is required to provide the proper parameter estimation of surface defects.
Wedge functions applied to 2D magnetostatic problems
Authors: Huijer Ernst , Karaki Sami 
Published: December 2011

Wedge functions applied to 2D magnetostatic problems
In this paper the application of so called wedge functions is presented to solve two-dimensional simple geometries of magnetostatic and electrostatic problems, e.g. rectangles of varying aspect ratio and with different values of the magnetic permeability μ. Such problems require the use of surface charge density, or segment source, functions of the form ρs = σa-1, where the power parameters, a, have special fractional values. A methodology is presented to determine these special values of a and use them in segment sources on simple geometries, i.e. rectangles of varying aspect ratio, and with different values of the magnetic permeability μ. Wedge solutions are obtained by coupling the strength coefficients of source segments of the same power around an edge. These surface source functions have been used in the analysis of conducting and infinite permeability structures. Here we apply such functions in a boundary integral analysis method to problems having regions of finite permeability.
Synthesis of nano-crystalline Zn – CoO pigment by the chemical combustion method: Effect of fuel to oxidizer ratio on structure, microstructure and color properties
Authors: Rasouli Sousan , Arabi Amir Masoud 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fuel/oxidizer ratio on the combustion synthesis of nano-crystalline Zn – CoO green pigment. The fuel and oxidizer used in this study were glycine and nitrate respectively. Products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infra red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed that the formation of pure hexagonal ZnO phase was insensitive to fuel/oxidizer ratio variations. Well-crystalline single-phase ZnO was observed for low and stoichiometric fuel/oxidizer ratios. Average crystallite size determined from the Scherrer formula varied from 18 to 75 nm. The morphology of the obtained samples changed from hexagonal pyramidal to irregular porous sponge-like particles. The colorimetric results showed a broad reflectance band around 530 nm (green region) for all samples. The observation of green appearance of different samples synthesized using different fuel/oxidizer ratios was related to fade of Co3O4 X-ray diffraction patterns and entrance of Co into ZnO structure.
The viscosity of eutectic Pd – Si alloys – a case study
Authors: Egry Ivan , Schick Michael 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The viscosity of eutectic PdSi alloys has been measured using different techniques. Conventional oscillating cup viscosimetry was used in the ground-based laboratory, while the oscillating drop technique was applied in a microgravity experiment. Different working equations were utilised to derive the viscosity from the damping of the oscillations, and the results thus obtained were compared to each other and available literature data. An overall satisfactory agreement was found, while, at lower temperatures, an increasing difference between the viscosities obtained using the two models was observed.
The use of ground silica sand, ground granulated blast furnace slag and ground basaltic pumice in cementitious adhesives for tiles
Authors: Binici Hanifi 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The aim of this study was to use ground silica sand, ground granulated blast furnace slag and ground basaltic pumice in the production of adhesives for tiles. The main purpose was to improve the durability of adhesives. Furthermore, an investigation was carried out to determine adhesive resistance to aggressive conditions. The study examines the effects of acids, shrinkage and freezing thawing cycles. The results showed that the adhesives were prepared and applied easily due to improved initial adhesion. The durability improvement can be explained by the low water absorption and high permeability. All specimens were observed to fulfill the shear and tensile adhesion strength requirements of both European and Turkish Standards.
A simple hydrothermal route to bimodal mesoporous nanorod γ-alumina with high thermal stability
Authors: Li Xiang , Han Dezhi , Xue Hongxia , Liu Xinmei , Yan Zifeng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the presence of polyethylene glycol, bimodal mesoporous nanorod γ-alumina was successfully synthesized via the thermal decomposition of ammonium aluminium carbonate hydroxide precursor which was prepared via hydrothermal processing with inorganic aluminium salt. The alumina exhibits high surface area (494 m2g–1), large porosity (1.1 m3g–1) and a particular double-pore structure after calcination at 500 °C. The smaller pore diameter is concentrated on about 3 nm and the larger one is exhibited in the range of 10 – 38 nm. The scaffold-like aggregation of γ-alumina nanorods endows this novel material with excellent thermal stability. A possible formation mechanism of bimodal mesoporous structure is also proposed in this study.
Synchrotron measurement of the 3D shape of X-ray reflections from the γ/γ′-microstructure of nickel-base superalloys
Authors: Epishin Alexander , Link Thomas , Ulbricht Alexander , Zizak Ivo , Bansal Mamta 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The 3D shape of X-ray reflections from the γ/γ′-microstructure of a nickel-base superalloy was investigated using synchrotron X-ray radiation and a position sensitive area detector. The measurements were performed on the 4th generation single-crystal nickel-base superalloy TMS138. The results show that X-ray reflections from non-cubic crystallographic planes have a complex 3D shape which changes during rafting. The 3D intensity distributions contain information about the spacing of the planes and their orientation as well. Whereas h00 reflections show the usual splitting into a γ′ and one γ-subreflection, the hh0 and hhh reflections show two and three γ-peaks respectively, resulting from the different types of {100} matrix channels. Therefore, these 3D diffraction measurements supply additional information about the spatial distribution of microstrains.
Time-dependent corrosion resistance of zinc phosphate coating on AZ31B magnesium alloy in sodium chloride solution
Authors: Huanfang Gao , Shengtao Zhang , Chenglong Liu 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The composition, morphology and the long-term corrosion resistance in sodium chloride solution of zinc phosphate coating on AZ31B magnesium alloy were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, hydrogen evolution and potentiodynamic polarization curve experiments. The results indicate that the phosphate coating consists mainly of Zn3(PO4)2 · 4 H2O, Zn2Mg(PO4)2 and metallic Zn. The variations of the hydrogen evolution, i
corr and corrosion morphologies indicate that the corrosion process of zinc phosphate has three stages. At the first stage, the corrosion resistance of the phosphate sample is higher than that of the uncoated sample. At the second stage, the corrosion rate basically remains constant. At the third stage, a Zn – Mg galvanic cell and galvanic corrosion are formed between zinc and the AZ31B substrate, and the corrosion resistance of the phosphate sample is lower than that of the uncoated sample.
Nanobiotechnology approach to fabricate polycaprolactone nanofibers containing solid titanium nanoparticles as future implant materials
Authors: Sheikh Faheem A. , Kanjwal Muzafar A. , Cha Jaegwan , Kim Namsoo , Barakat Nasser A. M. , Kim Hak Yong 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In this study, a good combination of electrospun poly(caprolactone) nanofibers incorporated with high purity titanium nanoparticles is introduced for hard tissue engineering applications. A simple approach to utilize the colloidal properties of poly(caprolactone) and titanium nanoparticles are exploited to form nanofibers by the simple electrospinning process. The prepared colloidal solutions were characterized using dynamic light scattering and electrophoratic light scattering which indicated unimodal size distribution and negative zeta potential. To investigate the bioactivity of the resultant nanofiber mats, they were incubated in simulated body fluid at 37 °C for 10 days. Field emission scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that incorporation of titanium strongly activates precipitation of the apatite-like materials from the utilized simulated body fluid. Moreover, in-vivo experiments using experimental dogs revealed that nanofibers can yield good tissue regeneration on the surfaces of nanofibers.
A novel method of intracranial injection via the postglenoid foramen for brain tumor mouse models
Authors: Iwami Kenichiro , Momota Hiroyuki , Natsume Atsushi , Kinjo Sayano , Nagatani Tetsuya , Wakabayashi Toshihiko 
Published: December 2011

Object
Mouse models have been widely used in developing therapies for human brain tumors. However, surgical techniques such as bone drilling and skin suturing to create brain tumors in adult mice are still complicated. The aim of this study was to establish a simple and accurate method for intracranial injection of cells or other materials into mice.

Methods
The authors performed micro CT scans and skull dissection to assess the anatomical characteristics of the mouse postglenoid foramen. They then used xenograft and genetically engineered mouse models to evaluate a novel technique of percutaneous intracranial injection via the postglenoid foramen. They injected green fluorescent protein–labeled U87MG cells or virus-producing cells into adult mouse brains via the postglenoid foramen and identified the location of the created tumors by using bioluminescence imaging and histological analysis.

Results
The postglenoid foramen was found to be a well-conserved anatomical structure that allows percutaneous injection into the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and basal cistern in mice. The mean (± SD) time for the postglenoid foramen injection technique was 88 ± 15 seconds. The incidence of in-target tumor formation in the xenograft model ranged from 80% to 100%, depending on the target site. High-grade gliomas were successfully developed by postglenoid foramen injection in the adult genetically engineered mouse using virus-mediated platelet-derived growth factor B gene transfer. There were no procedure-related complications.

Conclusions
The postglenoid foramen can be used as a needle entry site into the brain of the adult mouse. Postglenoid foramen injection is a less invasive, safe, precise, and rapid method of implanting cells into the adult mouse brain. This method can be applied to both orthotopic xenograft and genetically engineered mouse models and may have further applications in mice for the development of therapies for human brain tumors.
Bilateral Ring-shaped Intrastromal Opacities After Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus
Authors: Camesasca Fabrizio I. , Vinciguerra Paolo , Seiler Theo 
Published: December 2011

PURPOSE:
To report a case of bilateral, ring-shaped, intrastromal corneal opacities after corneal cross-linking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus.

METHODS:
A 21-year-old man with bilateral, progressive keratoconus underwent CXL with riboflavin 0.1% and ultraviolet A (UVA) light in the right eye and, 6 months later, in the left eye.

RESULTS:
One day after CXL, the right eye showed a sharply demarcated white ring in the corneal periphery. The ring involved the superficial stroma at 2 mm from the limbus, extended from 1 to 11 o’clock, and was 1.5-mm wide. Corneal topography showed marked central flattening. Six months after treatment, a residual, faint, ring-shaped opacity remained, with a decrease in corneal ectasia. Cross-linking was then performed in the left eye. Different ultraviolet devices were used in the two eyes. On postoperative day 1, the left eye also showed a white ring of stromal opacity. Scheimpflug imaging showed corneal stromal contraction in the zone of whitening. At final examination, >1 year after surgery, corrected visual acuity was 0.00 logMAR with cylinder of 2.00 diopters in both eyes.

CONCLUSIONS:
The bilateral intrastromal corneal changes were innocuous in the long-term, with preservation of good visual acuity and successful stabilization of progressive keratoconus.
Precision Analysis of Posterior Corneal Topography Measured by Visante Omni: Repeatability, Reproducibility, and Agreement With Orbscan II
Authors: Srivannaboon Sabong , Chotikavanich Suksri , Chirapapaisan Chareenun , Kasemson Sirilux , Po-ngam Wasin 
Published: December 2011

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of posterior corneal curvature and posterior corneal elevation best-fit sphere (BFS) obtained with the Visante Omni (Carl Zeiss Meditec) and to compare the results with the Orbscan II (Bausch & Lomb).

METHODS:
Thirty eyes from 30 healthy volunteers were included in this study. All patients were examined 5 times with the Visante Omni and Orbscan II by 2 independent operators. The posterior corneal curvature (3- and 6-mm zone) and posterior corneal elevation BFS (5- and 8-mm zone) were generated for each system. Intraoperator repeatability and interoperator reproducibility and agreement between the systems were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland–Altman method.

RESULTS:
The repeatability of posterior corneal curvature and posterior corneal elevation BFS measured by the Visante Omni was high for all analysis zones (ICC, 0.99 to 1.00). The reproducibility also showed similar results (ICC, 0.99 to 1.00). Agreement between the Visante Omni and Orbscan II was high for posterior corneal curvature (ICC, 0.94 to 0.97) and posterior corneal elevation BFS (ICC, 0.96 to 0.98) with 95% limits of agreement at −0.26 to 0.22 diopters for posterior corneal curvature and 0.11 to 0.69 mm for posterior corneal elevation BFS.

CONCLUSIONS:
The Visante Omni provides good repeatability and reproducibility of posterior corneal topography. Overall agreement with the Orbscan II system was high.