bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Structure and in Vitro Biological Screening of Palladium(II) Complexes of Functionalised Salicylaldimine Thiosemicarbazones as Antimalarial and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Chellan Prinessa , Shunmoogam‐Gounden Nelusha , Hendricks Denver T. , Gut Jiri , Rosenthal Philip J. , Lategan Carmen , Smith Peter J. , Chibale Kelly , Smith Gregory S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA series of mononuclear salicylaldiminato(thiosemicarbazone)palladium(II) complexes of general formula [Pd(saltsc‐R)PPh3], {H2saltsc‐R = salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone; R = H (5), 3‐tert‐butyl (6), 3‐methoxy (7), 5‐chloro (8)} have been synthesized. The palladium complexes were prepared by the reaction of the appropriate salicylaldimine thiosemicarbazone with Pd(PPh3)2Cl2. All complexes were characterised by a range of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The molecular structures of 6–8 have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The salicylaldimine thiosemicarbazones coordinate to palladium in a tridentate manner, through the phenolic oxygen, imine nitrogen and thiolate sulfur, forming five‐and six‐membered chelate rings within their structures. The fourth coordination site for these square‐planar complexes is occupied by PPh3. Biological activities of the thiosemicarbazone ligands and palladium complexes have been investigated toward the WHCO1 oesophageal cancer cell line and against two strains of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, W2 (chloroquine‐resistant) and D10 (chloroquine‐sensitive). The palladium(II) complexes show enhanced in vitro antiplasmodial activity in comparison with their thiosemicarbazone ligand precursors. On the other hand, in vitro anticancer activity studies on oesophageal cancer cell lines revealed a decrease in activity upon coordination of palladium to the thiosemicarbazone ligand.
Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of Cellulose: A Cellulose‐Based Fuel Cell System
Authors: Sugano Yasuhito , Vestergaard Mun'delanji , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Saito Masato , Tamiya Eiichi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDirect electricity generation from cellulose without saccharification and fermentation processes was achieved on gold electrode under the alkaline conditions. We (i) overcame problems with the insolubility of cellulose, and captured its electrochemical potential, and (ii) showed that cellulose was converted to cellulose derivatives due to electrochemical oxidation. In addition, we (iii) constructed a cellulose‐based fuel cell, demonstrating that cellulose can be direct electrical based fuel source. The presented fuel cell system overcomes the enormous distribution challenges encountered with other alternative bioenergy sources such as hydrogen.
Electrochemical Measurements on Supported Phospholipid Bilayers: Preparation, Properties and Ion Transport Using Incorporated Ionophores
Authors: Navrátil Tomáš , Šestáková Ivana , Štulík Karel , Mareček Vladimír 
Published: June 2010

AbstractModel phospholipid bilayers (PLBs) were prepared from 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) on a polycarbonate support and characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The PLBs were formed by self‐assembling in the 8.0 μm holes of the Isopore Membrane Filters, ionophores valinomycin and calcimycin (A23187) were incorporated. The effect of the applied voltage was monitored and reversible changes were observed. The ion transport across supported PLBs (SPLB) from DPPC was studied voltammetrically on the example of the cadmium ion and the ionophore calcimycin. Complex behavior was observed for cadmium ion transport with this ionophore in the presence of calcium ions.
Localised Measurements of pH and Dissolved Oxygen as Complements to SVET in the Investigation of Corrosion at Defects in Coated Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Bastos A. C. , Karavai O. V. , Zheludkevich M. L. , Yasakau K. A. , Ferreira M. G. S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper presents measurements of local pH and local oxygen reduction current performed to complement SVET (Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique) in the characterization of the chemical environment near artificial defects on coated 2024‐T3 aluminum alloy during corrosion and inhibition. The main purpose is to give examples on how micropotentiometry and microamperometry can add supplementary information to SVET, providing important insights for the understanding of corrosion mechanisms and inhibition processes necessary to develop effective self‐healing coatings.
History of Electroanalytical Methods
Authors: Lubert Karl‐Heinz , Kalcher Kurt 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThere are many historical reviews on electrochemistry as well as on analytical chemistry, where‐as hardly any survey of the history of electroanalytical methods exists. This contribution is an approach to provide a short overview on the development of the electroanalytical methods, electrodes and electrochemical sensors. Electrogravimetry belongs to the oldest quantitative procedures introduced 1864 by Wolcott Gibbs. Roots are even older and are represented by “voltameters”. Closely related to electrogravimetry is coulometry, which is also based on Faraday's laws; early applications comprise determinations of atomic masses and of thin metal layers. Conductivity measurements are also a rather old analytical method, applied (with direct current) in the 18th century already. The effective procedure was developed in the 1860s after the use of alternating current by Friedrich Kohlrausch. The Nernst equation (1889) was the base for direct potentiometry, e.g., determination of sparingly soluble electrolytes. Max Cremer is the inventor of the glass electrode (1906), which is the first electrochemical sensor. Potentiometric indication of titrations by Robert Behrend (1883) was the first instrumental indication in volumetric analysis. The invention of polarography by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1922) is the starting point of the electroanalysis with the dropping mercury electrode. The polarograph, developed in cooperation with Masuro Shikata, was the first automated analytical device. As a follow‐up various methods (e.g., pulse and alternating current methods) as well as voltammetry including stripping analysis have gained importance. Further development of electroanalysis is characterized by new electrodes and electrode materials, e.g., stationary mercury electrodes, carbon‐paste electrodes, chemically modified electrodes, and increased application of electrochemical sensors.
Social identity in eating disorders
Authors: Ison Julie , Kent Sarah 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis qualitative study examines social identity in eating disorders. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight females with an eating disorder diagnosis. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data. Three superordinate themes emerged from participants' accounts: (1) Shifts in social identity; (2) Outgroup perceptions and influences and (3) Eating disorders as an ingroup. The findings suggested that a person's social identity can change during the course of having an eating disorder, and an interaction between social identity and a person's recovery from an eating disorder was proposed. Clinical implications, methodological issues, and directions for future research were discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Addressing the EDNOS issue and improving upon the utility of DSM‐IV: Classifying eating disorders using symptom profiles
Authors: Dunn Erin C. , Geller Josie , Brown Krista E. , Bates Mollie E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the descriptive and clinical utility of two classification systems: DSM‐IV eating disorder diagnoses and proposed symptom profiles. The symptom profiles are based on the presence of overvalued ideas about shape/weight, as well as combinations of three key eating disorder symptoms (e.g. body mass index (BMI) above or below threshold and the presence or absence of bingeing and purging behaviours).MethodThe two systems were compared on their ability to offer descriptively useful information in classifying individuals with eating disorders. In addition, we examined our system's unique contribution to clinical outcome and its relation to readiness for change.ResultsClassifying individuals via symptom profiles provided information about eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), a prevalent, heterogeneous and under‐researched diagnostic category. Symptom profiles outperformed the DSM‐IV diagnostic system in the ability to account for variation in patients' decision to enrol in treatment, performing comparably to readiness for change.ConclusionClassifying individuals according to symptom profile and readiness for change appears to have more descriptive and clinical utility than the current diagnostic system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Toward a comprehensive prognostic scoring system in chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on a combination of genetic parameters
Authors: Haferlach Claudia , Dicker Frank , Weiss Tamara , Schnittger Susanne , Beck Christian , Grote‐Metke Albert , Oruzio Daniel , Kern Wolfgang , Haferlach Torsten 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with a variable clinical course. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a combination of genetic parameters can improve prediction of outcome irrespective of clinical stage. The prognostic impact of chromosome banding analysis (CBA) in addition to FISH and IgVH mutation status was evaluated. In total, 482 patients were analyzed, but evaluation of prognostic factors was restricted to 399 untreated cases. The prognostic significance of age, white blood cell (WBC) count, IgVH status, and TP53 and ATM deletions was confirmed. In addition, a prognostic impact of translocations involving the IGH@ locus (t(IgH)) and of a complex aberrant karyotype was found. On the basis of these results, we propose a scoring system for overall survival (OS) based on: age ≥65 years, WBC ≥20 × 109/l, unmutated IgVH status, TP53 deletion, t(IgH), and the number of chromosome aberrations observed with CBA. Three risk groups showed considerable differences in OS (94.5% vs. 64.3% vs. 41.1% surviving at 5 years, P < 0.0001). Time to treatment (TTT) can be predicted best by unmutated IgVH status, ATM deletion, t(IgH), and number of chromosome aberrations. Four distinct subgroups were separated with median TTT of 110.7 months, 39.8 months, 19.5 months, and 3.8 months, respectively (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, cytogenetic data from CBA add prognostic information. The proposed scoring systems for OS and TTT based on a combination of genetic markers improve the separation of prognostic subgroups in CLL already early in the course of the disease. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of association studies with pooled or un‐pooled next‐generation sequencing data
Authors: Kim Su Yeon , Li Yingrui , Guo Yiran , Li Ruiqiang , Holmkvist Johan , Hansen Torben , Pedersen Oluf , Wang Jun , Nielsen Rasmus 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMost common hereditary diseases in humans are complex and multifactorial. Large‐scale genome‐wide association studies based on SNP genotyping have only identified a small fraction of the heritable variation of these diseases. One explanation may be that many rare variants (a minor allele frequency, MAF <5%), which are not included in the common genotyping platforms, may contribute substantially to the genetic variation of these diseases. Next‐generation sequencing, which would allow the analysis of rare variants, is now becoming so cheap that it provides a viable alternative to SNP genotyping. In this paper, we present cost‐effective protocols for using next‐generation sequencing in association mapping studies based on pooled and un‐pooled samples, and identify optimal designs with respect to total number of individuals, number of individuals per pool, and the sequencing coverage. We perform a small empirical study to evaluate the pooling variance in a realistic setting where pooling is combined with exon‐capturing. To test for associations, we develop a likelihood ratio statistic that accounts for the high error rate of next‐generation sequencing data. We also perform extensive simulations to determine the power and accuracy of this method. Overall, our findings suggest that with a fixed cost, sequencing many individuals at a more shallow depth with larger pool size achieves higher power than sequencing a small number of individuals in higher depth with smaller pool size, even in the presence of high error rates. Our results provide guidelines for researchers who are developing association mapping studies based on next‐generation sequencing. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 479–491, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using evidence for population stratification bias in combined individual‐ and family‐level genetic association analyses of quantitative traits
Authors: Mirea Lucia , Sun Lei , Stafford James E. , Bull Shelley B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGenetic association studies are generally performed either by examining differences in the genotype distribution between individuals or by testing for preferential allele transmission within families. In the absence of population stratification bias (PSB), integrated analyses of individual and family data can increase power to identify susceptibility loci [Abecasis et al., 2000. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66:279–292; Chen and Lin, 2008. Genet. Epidemiol. 32:520–527; Epstein et al., 2005. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 76:592–608]. In existing methods, the presence of PSB is initially assessed by comparing results from between‐individual and within‐family analyses, and then combined analyses are performed only if no significant PSB is detected. However, this strategy requires specification of an arbitrary testing level αPSB, typically 5%, to declare PSB significance. As a novel alternative, we propose to directly use the PSB evidence in weights that combine results from between‐individual and within‐family analyses. The weighted approach generalizes previous methods by using a continuous weighting function that depends only on the observed P‐value instead of a binary weight that depends on αPSB. Using simulations, we demonstrate that for quantitative trait analysis, the weighted approach provides a good compromise between type I error control and power to detect association in studies with few genotyped markers and limited information regarding population structure. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 502–511, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling maternal‐offspring gene‐gene interactions: the extended‐MFG test
Authors: Childs Erica J. , Palmer Christina G.S. , Lange Kenneth , Sinsheimer Janet S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMaternal‐fetal genotype (MFG) incompatibility is an interaction between the genes of a mother and offspring at a particular locus that adversely affects the developing fetus, thereby increasing susceptibility to disease. Statistical methods for examining MFG incompatibility as a disease risk factor have been developed for nuclear families. Because families collected as part of a study can be large and complex, containing multiple generations and marriage loops, we create the Extended‐MFG (EMFG) Test, a model‐based likelihood approach, to allow for arbitrary family structures. We modify the MFG test by replacing the nuclear‐family based “mating type” approach with Ott's representation of a pedigree likelihood and calculating MFG incompatibility along with the Mendelian transmission probability. In order to allow for extension to arbitrary family structures, we make a slightly more stringent assumption of random mating with respect to the locus of interest. Simulations show that the EMFG test has appropriate type‐I error rate, power, and precise parameter estimation when random mating holds. Our simulations and real data example illustrate that the chief advantages of the EMFG test over the earlier nuclear family version of the MFG test are improved accuracy of parameter estimation and power gains in the presence of missing genotypes. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 512–521, 2010.© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of geriatric psychiatry. Each bibliography is divided into 9 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Assessment; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Therapy; 6 Care; 7 Dementia; 8 Depression; 9 Psychology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted
Improving the resistance to sliding contact damage of zirconia using elastic gradients
Authors: Kim Jae‐Won , Liu Lela , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractZirconia‐based ceramics with high strength have been identified as a material of choice for sliding components in a variety of biomedical and engineering applications. Despite the high flexural strength, zirconia prostheses are still vulnerable to wear and surface damage. We hypothesize that such tribological damage may be substantially mitigated by an engineered grading of elastic modulus at the ceramic surface. In this study, graded structures were fabricated by infiltrating glass into the top and bottom surfaces of zirconia plates, with resulting diminished modulus in the outer surfaces. The plates were then subjected to frictional sliding tests using a hard spherical indenter. Compared with noninfiltrated controls, infiltrated specimens showed a significant increase in the fracture loads, by over a factor of 3. The increase in the sliding contact resistance is attributed to the diminishing tensile stresses at the graded lower modulus surface. The results confirm that suitably graded structures can be highly beneficial in the design of next‐generation orthopedic and dental prostheses. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Modeling biological nutrient removal in a liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed bioreactor
Authors: Chowdhury Nabin , Nakhla George , Sen Dipankar , Zhu Jesse 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Both laboratory‐scale and pilot‐scale liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) bioreactors have demonstrated excellent biological nutrient removal (BNR) from municipal wastewater. In this study, a model for the LSCFB for biological nutrient removal has been developed, calibrated, and validated using pilot‐scale experimental results.RESULTS: An efficient reactor arrangement predicted anoxic–anaerobic and aerobic biofilm thicknesses of 150–400 and 70–175 µm in the riser and downer, respectively. Furthermore, distribution of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4‐N, NOX‐N, and dissolved oxygen in the biofilm, as well as nutrients removed in the aerobic and anoxic zones, reflect nitrification, denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal in the LSCFB. The model predicted both anoxic effluent and final effluent COD, SCOD, SBOD, NH4‐N, NO3‐N, TKN, TN, PO4‐P, and TP were within the 95% confidence intervals of the experimental data. Model‐predicted simultaneous nitrification/denitrification occurring in the aerobic downer.CONCLUSION: This model developed for LSCFB using the AQUIFAS biofilm diffusion model successfully evaluated the process performance. It is an efficient tool for further research, design, and optimization of the fixed film bioreactor. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Ethanosolv pretreatment of barley straw with iron(III) chloride for enzymatic saccharification
Authors: Kim Youngran , Yu Anna , Han Minhee , Choi Gi‐Wook , Chung Bongwoo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Barley straw is a potential lignocellulosic biomass for the production of bioethanol because of its high cellulose and hemicelluloses content. Ethanosolv pretreatment catalyzed with inorganic acids has some undesirable effects, and thus, inorganic salts, such as FeCl3, were studied as the catalyst in order to enhance enzymatic digestibility.RESULTS: The addition of 0.1 mol L−1 FeCl3 (Iron(III) chloride) had a particularly strong effect on the enzymatic digestibility, reaching a value as high as 89%, with cellulose recovery as high as 90% after the ethanosolv pretreatment. The enzymatic digestibility was 89% and 55% after the addition of 0.1 mol L−1 FeCl3 and H2SO4 (adjusted to the same pH), respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysis rate was significantly accelerated as the ethanosolv temperature increased, reaching the highest enzymatic digestibility of 89% after 72 h at 170 °C. The concentrations of HMF(5‐hydroxy‐2‐ methyl furfural) and furfural were 0.011 and 0.148 g L−1 in the hydrolysate during FeCl3‐ethanosolv treatment, which were lower than the concentrations quantified during H2SO4‐ethanosolv treatment. After the pretreatment, 88.5% of FeCl3 was removed through the filtration process.CONCLUSION: The addition of several inorganic salts significantly accelerated enzymatic digestibility in the ethanosolv. FeCl3 had a particularly strong effect on enzymatic digestibility and cellulose recovery. The formation of HMF and furfural and the remaining amount of FeCl3 were investigated, and FeCl3 had no effect on the subsequent processes after pretreatment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A conformal mapping‐based approach for fast two‐dimensional FEM electrostatic analysis of MEMS devices
Authors: Sumant Prasad S. , Cangellaris Andreas C. , Aluru Narayana R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a methodology is proposed for expediting the coupled electro‐mechanical two‐dimensional finite element modeling of electrostatically actuated MEMS. The proposed methodology eliminates the need for repeated finite element meshing and subsequent electrostatic modeling of the device during mechanical deformation. We achieve this by mapping the deformed electrostatic domain to the reference undeformed domain ‘conformally’. A ‘conformal’ map preserves the form of the Laplace equation and the boundary conditions; thus the electrostatic problem is solved only once in the undeformed electrostatic domain. The conformal map itself is generated through the solution of the same Laplace equation on the undeformed geometry and with displacement boundary conditions dictated by the movement of the mechanical domain. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through its application to the modeling of three MEMS devices with varying length‐to‐gap ratios, multiple dielectrics and complicated geometries. The accuracy of the proposed methodology is confirmed through comparisons of its results with results obtained using the conventional finite element solution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.