bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity in relation to metabolic health and obesity: The Feel4Diabetes study
Authors: Pelekanou Christina , Anastasiou Costas A. , Mavrogianni Christina , Cardon Greet , Liatis Stavros , Lindstrom Jaana , Moreno Luis A. , Hilal Soukaina , Rurik Imre , Wikström Katja , Iotova Violeta , Makrilakis Konstantinos , Manios Yannis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo examine physical activity levels in association with metabolic health and estimate the stability of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotypes over a 2‐year period.MethodsIn total, 2848 men and women from families at risk of the development of diabetes were recruited. Participants were classified as obese or non‐obese and metabolic health was defined using five existing definitions. Physical activity was estimated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and pedometers.ResultsPrevalence of the MHO phenotype varied among definitions (0% to 20.2%). Overall, the MHO were more active than the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Daily sitting hours (odds ratio [OR] = 1.055, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.009‐1.104) and daily steps (per 500; OR = 0.934, 95% CI: 0.896‐0.973) were remarkable predictors of metabolic health in individuals with obesity; and likewise, in individuals without obesity. After 2 years, 44.1% of baseline MHO adults transitioned to MUO, while 84.0% of the MUO at baseline remained at the same phenotype. Although physical activity was not a major determinant in phenotype transitioning, daily steps were associated with the maintenance of metabolic health over time in the non‐obese group.ConclusionA universally accepted definition for MHO is needed. Being physically active can contribute to a metabolically healthy profile even in the presence of obesity; still, MHO is a transient condition and physical activity alone may not be an adequate factor for its maintenance.
Endogenous monitoring through voluntary reporting in an infinitely repeated prisoner's dilemma game: experimental evidence
Authors: Kamei Kenju , Nesterov Artem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExogenous reputational information is known to improve cooperation. This study experimentally investigates how people create such information by reporting their partner's action choices, and whether endogenous monitoring helps to sustain cooperation, in an indefinitely repeated prisoner's dilemma game with random matching. The experimental results show that most subjects report their opponents' action choices, thereby successfully cooperating when reporting does not involve costs. However, when reporting is costly, participants are strongly discouraged from doing so. Consequently, they fail to achieve strong cooperative norms when the reported information is conveyed privately only to their next‐round interaction partners. Costly reporting occurs only occasionally even when there is a public record whereby all future partners can check the reported information, but significantly more frequently relative to the condition in which it is sent to the next partner only. With public records, groups can foster cooperative norms aided by reported information that gradually accumulates and becomes more informative over time.
The regional economics of mineral resource wealth in Africa
Authors: Asatryan Zareh , Baskaran Thushyanthan , Birkholz Carlo , Hufschmidt Patrick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study the regional economics of mineral resource activity in Africa. Using geocoded data on mine openings and closures in Africa, we document that mining regions experience local economic booms while a mine is in operation. We then explore how mineral resources affect non‐mining regions. Non‐mining regions might be affected by mining activity due to deliberate government policies (e.g. regional redistribution) or due to various inadvertent country‐level macroeconomic adjustments (e.g. Dutch‐Disease‐type effects or declining institutional quality). Our results suggest that mineral resources have heterogeneous effects on non‐mining regions. Politically important regions benefit economically, while generic non‐mining regions are, in general, worse off. Exploring mechanisms, we find that these spatial patterns arguably emerge due to both deliberate government policies as well as Dutch‐Disease‐style macroeconomic adjustments that harm regions specializing in sectors other than mining.
Molecular nociceptive mechanisms in migraine: The migraine cascade
Authors: Guo Song , Christensen Sarah Louise , Al‐Karagholi Mohammad Al‐Mahdi , Olesen Jes 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis review will explore the categorization of migraine‐provoking molecules, their cellular actions, site of action and potential drug targets based on the migraine cascade model.MethodsPersonal experience and literature.ResultsMigraine impacts over 1 billion people worldwide but is underfunded in research. Recent progress, particularly through the human and animal provocation model, has deepened our understanding of its mechanisms. This model have identified endogenous neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP) that induces controlled migraine‐like attacks leading to significant discoveries of their role in migraine. This knowledge led to the development of CGRP‐inhibiting drugs; a groundbreaking migraine treatment now accessible globally. Also a PACAP‐inhibiting drug was effective in a recent phase II trial. Notably, rodent studies have shed light on pain pathways and the mechanisms of various migraine‐inducing substances identifying novel drug targets. This is primarily done by using selective inhibitors that target specific signaling pathways of the known migraine triggers leading to the hypothesized cellular cascade model of migraine.ConclusionThe model of migraine presents numerous opportunities for innovative drug development. The future of new migraine treatments is limited only by the investment from pharmaceutical companies.
The association of breastfeeding duration on metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents, stratified by birth weight for gestational age
Authors: Yuan Wen , Jiang Jianuo , Song Sha‐sha , Liu Jieyu , Chen Manman , Shi Qiaoxin , Zhang Yi , Chen Li , Qin Yang , Wang Ruolin , Guo Tongjun , Wang Xinxin , Ma Qi , Dong Yanhui , Ma Jun 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the associations between breastfeeding duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents and to further investigate the role of birth weight for gestational age (GA) on these associations.MethodsA total of 10 275 participants aged 7 to 18 years were included applying multistage cluster random sampling from a Chinese national survey. Birth weight was classified into small for GA (SGA), appropriate for GA (AGA) and large for GA (LGA). Information was collected through a self‐administered questionnaire, physical examination and blood biochemical examination. Multivariable linear regression, logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the relationships of breastfeeding duration and MetS with different birth weight for GA.ResultsThe prevalence of non‐breastfeeding, 0–5, 6–12 and >12 months groups were 16.2%, 23.1%, 42.5% and 18.2%, and the prevalence of SGA and LGA was 11.9% and 12.7%, respectively. Prolonged breastfeeding duration was associated with higher odds of MetS (β: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.13), WC (β: 3.49, 95% CI: 2.82, 4.16) and SBP (β: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.80, 2.89). SGA and prolonged breastfeeding synergistically increased MetS risks, but LGA appeared to offset the adverse effects of prolonged breastfeeding.ConclusionProlonged breastfeeding may increase children's MetS risks. SGA synergies with prolonged breastfeeding increased MetS burden in children and adolescents, while LGA mitigated the risks. This reminds us that intensive attention should be paid to both early birth weight and subsequent living environment for children and adolescents' lifelong health.
Registered nurses' emotional responses to medication errors and perceived need for support: A qualitative descriptive analysis
Authors: Mahat Sanu , Rafferty Anne Marie , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Härkänen Marja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsTo identify the contributing factors behind the second victim phenomenon, describe the emotional responses of nurses after medication errors, assess the support received by them after errors and recognize the need for a suitable support program for second victims.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsEleven in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted among registered nurses studying advanced degrees at a University in Finland during November 2021–April 2022. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe study results revealed four themes with various sub‐themes which included: contributing factors behind the second victim phenomenon; emotional responses of nurses after error; support received by nurses; and the desired need for a support program for second victims. The severity of the error and the negative work environment acted as catalysts for the second victim phenomenon among nurses. A “bitter aftermath” of emotions and a sense of insufficient support added further risk to already stressed and anxious nurses.ConclusionsThis study identifies the early exploratory and enduring impact of memories associated with medication errors, some of them haunting nurses for long periods of time. Further, the need for support at different levels is highlighted to reduce the impact of negative emotions generated among nurses after medication errors.Implications for the ProfessionThrough the lens of this study, it has been possible to identify contributing factors behind the second‐victim phenomenon and enduring symptoms that make nurses vulnerable to becoming second victims of medication incidents.ImpactThis study addresses the aftermath effect of medication errors from the perspective of nurses involved with such incidents. It provides valuable insights for healthcare managers and nurse leaders to establish a just and blame‐free culture in healthcare organizations and help emotionally traumatized nurses cope effectively after error.Reporting MethodThe research adheres to Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Berberine ameliorates chronic intermittent hypoxia‐induced cardiac remodelling by preserving mitochondrial function, role of SIRT6 signalling
Authors: Zhou Zijun , Zhao Qiusheng , Huang Yuting , Meng Shan , Chen Xin , Zhang Guoxin , Chi Yanbang , Xu Dengyue , Yin Zongtao , Jiang Hui , Yu Liming , Wang Huishan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we have shown that berberine (BBR) is a potential cardioprotective agent. However, its effect and mechanism on CIH‐induced cardiomyopathy remain uncovered. This study was designed to determine the effects of BBR against CIH‐induced cardiac damage and to explore the molecular mechanisms. Mice were exposed to 5 weeks of CIH with or without the treatment of BBR and adeno‐associated virus 9 (AAV9) carrying SIRT6 or SIRT6‐specific short hairpin RNA. The effect of BBR was evaluated by echocardiography, histological analysis and western blot analysis. CIH caused the inactivation of myocardial SIRT6 and AMPK‐FOXO3a signalling. BBR dose‐dependently ameliorated cardiac injury in CIH‐induced mice, as evidenced by increased cardiac function and decreased fibrosis. Notably, SIRT6 overexpression mimicked these beneficial effects, whereas infection with recombinant AAV9 carrying SIRT6‐specific short hairpin RNA abrogated them. Mechanistically, BBR reduced oxidative stress damage and preserved mitochondrial function via activating SIRT6‐AMPK‐FOXO3a signalling, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis as well as PINK1‐Parkin‐mediated mitophagy. Taken together, these data demonstrate that SIRT6 activation protects against the pathogenesis of CIH‐induced cardiac dysfunction. BBR attenuates CIH‐induced myocardial injury by improving mitochondrial biogenesis and PINK1‐Parkin‐dependent mitophagy via the SIRT6‐AMPK‐FOXO3a signalling pathway.
The research trend of hyperprolactinemia from 2011 to 2023 was analyzed by bibliometrics
Authors: Liu Kaiyan , Zhao Jin , Yu Han , Yang Jing , Ren Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research trends in hyperprolactinemia from 2011 to 2023. This analysis aims to provide researchers with insights into the current hotspots and frontiers related to hyperprolactinemia. It is worth noting that there are currently no existing reports on bibliometric analyses of hyperprolactinemia. The Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) databases of the Web of Science Core Collection were systematically searched for “articles” and “review articles” related to the topic of hyperprolactinemia from 2011 to 2023. VOSviewer was employed to conduct bibliometric analysis, aiming to analyze the research trends in hyperprolactinemia over the past 13 years. A total of 1865 eligible articles were retrieved, with contributions from 9544 scholars representing 83 countries in the field of research. The United States had the highest number of publications, followed by China. The keywords were categorized into six clusters: (1) etiology of hyperprolactinemia and other related endocrine and metabolic diseases. (2) Hyperprolactinemia and mental illness. (3) Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia. (4) Treatment of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma. (5) Detection of macroprolactin and macroprolactinemia. (6) Symptoms of male hyperprolactinemia. Over the past 13 years, there has been a consistent and slightly increasing trend in the number of research papers focusing on hyperprolactinemia. The primary areas of research focus are centered around the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia caused by antipsychotic drugs or prolactinoma.
Association of night‐time sleep and daytime napping with painful temporomandibular disorder
Authors: Jiang Yang , Yu Min , Gong Xu , Zhao Yanping , Gao Xuemei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPainful temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is the common cause of chronic oro‐facial pain, which may interfere with sleep. Previous studies have documented an association between sleep and TMD.ObjectivesThis study aimed to further explore the association of night‐time sleep and daytime napping with painful TMD.MethodsA total of 419 patients (aged 31.88 ± 11.54 years with women forming 85.4%) from a TMD/Orofacial Pain center were enrolled. Patients' sleep conditions were evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and information on night‐time sleep duration, napping duration and napping frequency was interviewed. TMD was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD protocol and stratified into myalgia (muscle pain), arthralgia (joint pain) and combined (muscle and joint pain) subgroups. The severity of TMD was measured with the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) questionnaire. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models were established to explore relationships between sleep and painful TMD subgroups.ResultsPatients with poor sleep quality (PSQI≥6) had higher FAI scores (median 60, p < .001) and higher proportions of painful TMDs. The myalgia subgroup had higher PSQI scores (median 8, p < .001) than the arthralgia subgroup. The RCS models indicated a non‐linear relationship between night‐time sleep duration and myalgia (p < .001), which was not observed in arthralgia. However, there were no significant findings concerning napping and painful TMD subgroups.ConclusionThis study found that the association between sleep and TMD is mainly related to painful TMD conditions, which are associated with night‐time sleep duration.
β2‐adrenergic receptor activation decreases the mechanical sensitivity of rat masticatory muscle afferent fibres
Authors: Cairns Brian E. , He Nathan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundActivation of β2 adrenergic receptors reduces cutaneous mechanical pain thresholds in rats. While β2 adrenergic receptor activation may contribute to mechanisms that underlie temporomandibular joint pain, its effect on masticatory muscle pain sensitivity is uncertain.ObjectivesThe current study sought to determine the extent to which β adrenergic receptors are expressed by masticatory muscle afferent fibres, and to assess the effect of local activation of these receptors on the mechanical sensitivity of masticatory muscle afferent fibres in rats.MethodsTrigeminal ganglion neurons that innervate the rat (n = 12) masseter muscle and lower lip were identified by tissue injection of fluorescent dyes and were then stained with antibodies against β1 or β2 adrenergic receptors. Extracellular recordings from 60 trigeminal ganglion neurons that innervate the masticatory muscle were undertaken in a second group of anaesthetised rats of both sexes (n = 37) to assess afferent mechanical activation thresholds. Thresholds were assessed before and after injection of the β adrenergic receptor agonists into masticatory muscle.Resultsβ1 and β2 adrenergic receptor expression was greater in labial skin than in masticatory muscle ganglion neurons (p < .05, one‐way ANOVA, Holm–Sidak test). There was a higher expression of β2 adrenergic receptors in masticatory muscle ganglion neurons in males than in females. The mixed β agonist isoproterenol increased afferent mechanical activation threshold in male but not female rats (p < .05, Mann–Whitney test). In male rats, salbutamol, a β2 selective agonist, also increased afferent mechanical activation threshold but hydralazine, a vasodilator, did not (p < .05, Mann–Whitney test).ConclusionActivation of β2 adrenergic receptors decreases the mechanical sensitivity of masticatory muscle afferent fibres in a sex‐related manner.
Phytophthora species causing root and crown rot on castor bean (Ricinus communis) in Brazil
Authors: Cabral Cléia Santos , Gandara Alessandro Da Costa Freire , Ribeiro Martins Fabiana Helena Silva , Barboza Elenice Alves , Rossato Maurício , Reis Ailton 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCastor bean (Ricinus communis) is a crop of great economic importance in Brazil. It is used for producing oil used in the manufacture of cosmetics and biodiesel. The genus Phytophthora contains pathogens with a wide range of host plants, including ornamentals, fruit and vegetable crops. Among the symptoms induced by Phytophthora species are collar and root rot. This study aimed to identify Phytophthora species causing collar and root rot in castor bean seedlings in the Federal District and test their pathogenicity. Samples of symptomatic plants were collected in four satellite cities in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Fourteen isolates were obtained, and they were initially identified through the morphology of reproductive structures. The isolates were subjected to molecular characterization using phylogeny of the sequences from the ITS region and the Cytochrome Oxidase II gene. Ten isolates of the pathogen were tested for pathogenicity on seedlings of two castor bean accessions and species known to be hosts of P. nicotianae. The isolates were identified as P. nicotianae (12 isolates) and P. palmivora (two isolates). In the pathogenicity test, all isolates were capable of causing disease in castor beans. The isolates of P. nicotianae and P. palmivora varied in pathogenicity to other plant species. This is the first report of P. nicotianae causing collar and root rot in castor bean in the Central‐West Region of Brazil. It is also the first report of P. palmivora causing diseases in castor beans in South America.
Vascular cambium stem cells: past, present and future
Authors: Wybouw Brecht , Zhang Xixi , Mähönen Ari Pekka 
Published: June 2024

SummarySecondary xylem and phloem originate from a lateral meristem called the vascular cambium that consists of one to several layers of meristematic cells. Recent lineage tracing studies have shown that only one of the cambial cells in each radial cell file functions as the stem cell, capable of producing both secondary xylem and phloem. Here, we first review how phytohormones and signalling peptides regulate vascular cambium formation and activity. We then propose how the stem cell concept, familiar from apical meristems, could be applied to cambium studies. Finally, we discuss how this concept could set the basis for future research.
Bovine somatotropin increases the pregnancy rate in fixed‐time artificial insemination in beef cattle
Authors: Valle Vitor Mohad , Fazzano Clovis Juk , Segui Marcio Saporski , Souza Fernando Andrade , Kaled Tharini Xavier Accioly , Gomes Marcio Gianardoli Teixeira , Nogueira Eriklis , Kozicki Luiz Ernandes 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of bovine somatotropin (bST) on pregnancy rate (PR) and size of the dominant follicle (DF) on the day of intravaginal progesterone (P4) removal in protocols for fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI). Bos indicus (Nellore) females (n = 392) were distributed into three groups. The control group (CG; n = 92) received an intravaginal P4 device + estradiol benzoate on day (d)0; prostaglandin F2α on d7 (first application); removal of P4 + estradiol cypionate (EC) + PGF2α (second application) + ultrasound (US) of the DF on d9; the FTAI was performed on d11; and pregnancy diagnosis (PD) was performed on d45. The bST group (bSTG; n = 142) underwent the same protocol as the CG, except that the animals received 125 mg of bST on d7. The equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) group (eCGG; n = 158) underwent the same protocol as the CG, except that the animals received 300 IU of eCG on d9. The PRs of the bSTG, eCGG, and CG were 48%, 48%, and 35%, respectively (p < .05); the bSTG and eCGG showed greater PRs, with follicles 6–7.9 mm (p < .05) and 8–8.9 mm in diameter, respectively. The bSTG exhibited a greater dimension of the DF on d9 of the protocol (p < .05). The eCGG had higher PRs with a body condition score (BCS) of 2.5, and the bSTG had a BCS of 3.0 (p < .05). It was concluded that bST increased PR, bST showed better performance in smaller DF and larger follicular diameter on d9 of the protocol, eCG acted better on animals with lower BCSs, and bST can be used in FTAI.
The precautionary approach and challenges posed by mega‐constellations
Authors: Su Jinyuan , Shi Yanan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe advent and continuing deployment of mega‐constellations has brought new challenges, particularly increased risk of collision, proliferation of space debris, reduced numbers of launch windows and obstruction to astronomical observation. The precautionary approach, which is becoming part of customary international law, is instrumental in addressing these challenges. Although precautionary measures are incorporated in international treaties and soft law instruments regarding outer space, a full application of the precautionary approach is necessary to balance the need of innovation and the sustainable use of outer space. To this end, operators of mega‐constellations must keep the approach in mind and comply with its substantive obligations once it is triggered, including suspension of activities, risk assessment, mitigation and prevention, and notification and information. The possibility of new deployment of mega‐constellation being frozen at some point makes the equitable distribution of satellite orbits and radio frequencies a pressing issue.