bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Address the gaps in tobacco cessation training and services: Developing professional organisational alliances to create social movements
Authors: BOTELHO RICK , WASSUM KEN , BENZIAN HABIB , SELBY PETER , CHAN SOPHIA 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Issues.
To contribute towards reversing the tobacco pandemic, professional organisational alliances must reduce the wide international variability in the smoking rates among health‐care professionals and students, and also address the gaps in tobacco cessation training and services. Approach. Ongoing international surveys for monitoring smoking rates could provide the impetus for these alliances to develop programs that reduce smoking rates among professional and lay populations. Key Findings. Health professional organisations must advocate for systematically implementing comprehensive tobacco cessation training programs. Implications. These programs can include both evidence‐based interventions and experience‐based learning innovations. These innovations can help individuals address the limitations of evidence‐based guidelines. This shift from teaching individuals about changing‐specific risk behaviours to engaging individuals to learn how to change any risk behaviour expands the reach and impact of behaviour change programs. Conclusions. Practitioners and staff need first‐hand experience of these learning innovations before guiding patients through the same process. Using both evidence‐based guidelines and experience‐based learning methods, organisational leaders can develop professional alliances to create social movements that promote healthy habits in general. For example, they can develop voluntary learning programs in primary care and community settings that are led by patients and that are for patients. Such bottom‐up approaches have greater potential yield in addressing gaps in health promotion and disease prevention, and particularly for tobacco cessation services. This strategy is a more feasible option for resource‐limited, developing countries that cannot afford costly tobacco cessation programs. [Botelho R, Wassum K, Benzian H, Selby P, Chan S. Address the gaps in tobacco cessation training and services: Developing professional organisational alliances to create social movements. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:558–566]
Overview of interventions to enhance primary‐care provider management of patients with substance‐use disorders
Authors: ANDERSON PETER 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Issues. Despite the evidence for the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of interventions to manage substance use disorders, which are common presenting complaints in primary care, primary‐care providers find managing substance use disorders a difficult business. This paper provides an overview of the evidence for interventions, including training and education programmes, in enhancing the management of alcohol‐ and tobacco‐use disorders by health‐care providers. Approach. The Cochrane Library and the database of the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group were searched for answers to five questions: (i) Can education and training increase the involvement of primary care providers? (ii) Can education and training cause harm? (iii) Can education and training be enhanced with support and other organisational factors? (iv) Can finance systems change provider behaviour? and (v) Is political support needed? Key Findings. Education and training can increase the involvement of primary‐care providers in managing alcohol‐ and tobacco‐use disorders, with the impact enhanced by additional support and other organisational factors. There is some evidence that if education and training does not take account of providers' attitudes, then harm can be caused. There is limited evidence that finance systems can change provider behaviour, and that comprehensive policy, in which a health sector response is a part, can increase the potential of primary‐care management of alcohol‐ and tobacco‐use disorders. Conclusions. Tailored education and training programmes for the management of alcohol‐ and tobacco‐use disorders need to be broadly implemented and embedded in overall comprehensive policies that provide the necessary organisational and financial incentives for enhancing provider behaviour. There is an urgent need to extend the evidence base on the impact of education and training and other strategies to increase the involvement of providers in managing substance‐use disorders.[Anderson P. Overview of interventions to enhance primary‐care provider management of patients with substance‐use disorders. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:567–574]
Differences in self and independent ratings on an organisational dual diagnosis capacity measure
Authors: LEE NICOLE , CAMERON JACQUI 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. There are a number of tools to assist services to measure their capacity to respond to co‐occurring substance use and mental health disorders. This study aimed to examine whether services could accurately self‐rate their dual diagnosis capacity. Design and Methods. Data were collected from 13 alcohol and drug services across Australia that participated in a comorbidity capacity building initiative. The organisations provided a range of services, including pharmacotherapy and counselling services, residential and outpatient services, youth and adult services and withdrawal. There was a mix of government and non‐government services. Results. Services rated themselves substantially higher than the independent raters at both baseline and follow up. Discussion and Conclusions. The results suggest that services may not accurately assess their own capacity. For organisations trying to make improvements in their services, independent assessment may be more helpful than self‐assessment in accurately determining service gaps. Overestimation of capacity may lead to failure to address important service needs.[Lee N, Cameron J. Differences in self and independent ratings on an organisational dual diagnosis capacity measure. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
The impact of drinking pattern on alcohol‐related violence among adolescents: An international comparative analysis
Authors: BYE ELIN K. , ROSSOW INGEBORG 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction and Aims.Drinking pattern seems to be an important mediator of the alcohol–violence association. Aggregate level studies have demonstrated that the alcohol–violence association is stronger in countries where intoxication occurs relatively more frequent to the overall drinking. However, this has not been tested against empirical data at the individual level or with respect to violence among young people. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test whether the association between alcohol consumption and prevalence of alcohol‐related aggression in young people would be stronger in countries where intoxication is relatively more prevalent.Design and Methods.The data comprised school surveys (pupils at age 16) from 13 countries in the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs 2003. The countries were divided into high, medium and low levels of intoxication rate.Results.The prevalence of alcohol‐related aggression varied considerably across countries, and was significantly higher in drinking cultures where intoxication is relatively more prevalent.Discussion and Conclusions.The findings of this study suggest that challenges for prevention of acute alcohol‐related harms in young people may be larger in countries where adolescents to a larger extent drink to intoxication. From a prevention point of view it also seems warranted to direct more future studies into the area of potential for preventing intoxication and drunkenness, not in the least among young people.[Bye EK, Rossow I. The impact of drinking pattern on alcohol‐related violence among adolescents: An international comparative analysis.Drug Alcohol Rev2009]
Itraconazole‐induced Torsade de Pointes in a patient receiving methadone substitution therapy
Authors: NOORZURANI MD HARIS ROBSON , VICKNASINGAM BALASINGAM , NARAYANAN SURESH 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Issues. Methadone, a pharmacological agent used to treat heroin dependence is relatively safe, but may cause cardiac arrhythmias in the concurrent presence of other risk factors. Approach and Key Findings. This case report highlights the risk of Torsade de Pointes, a life‐threatening cardiac arrhythmia, in a heroin‐dependent patient receiving methadone substitution therapy who was prescribed itraconazole for vaginal thrush. The patient presented to the accident and emergency department for chest discomfort and an episode of syncope following two doses of itraconazole (200 mg). Electrocardiogram monitoring at the accident and emergency department showed prolonged rate‐corrected QT interval leading to Torsade de Pointes. The patient was admitted for cardiac monitoring, and electrocardiogram returned to normal upon discontinuation of methadone. Implication. This cardiac arrhythmia was most likely as a result of a drug interaction between methadone and itraconazole because the patient presented with no other risk factors. Conclusion. Given the benefits of methadone as a substitution treatment for heroin‐dependent individuals, the association between methadone and cardiac arrhythmias is of great concern. Physicians treating heroin‐dependent patients on methadone substitution therapy should therefore be cautious of the potential risk of drug interactions that may lead to fatal cardiac arrhythmias.[NoorZurani MHR, Vicknasingam B, Narayanan S. Itraconazole‐induced Torsade de Pointes in a patient receiving methadone substitution therapy. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:688–690]
An overview of systematic reviews on cannabis and psychosis: Discussing apparently conflicting results
Authors: MINOZZI SILVIA , DAVOLI MARINA , BARGAGLI ANNA M. , AMATO LAURA , VECCHI SIMONA , PERUCCI CARLO A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Issues. Cross‐sectional surveys have revealed that cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance in Western countries. Cannabis intoxication can lead to acute, transient psychotic symptoms and the short‐term exacerbation of pre‐existing psychotic symptoms. However, controversy exists about whether cannabis can actually cause long‐term psychosis. Approach. We summarised the findings of systematic reviews on the association between cannabis use and psychosis, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL up to August 2007. We assessed the methodological quality, selected the better quality reviews and analysed reasons for discordant results. Key Findings. We included five systematic reviews. Four of the reviews performed a meta‐analysis and showed a consistent association between cannabis use and psychosis; the fifth review considered psychological problems more broadly, did not perform a meta‐analysis and reported an inconsistent association. The reasons for discordance were: different outcomes (psychosis vs. psychological problems), different inclusion criteria for primary studies and different methods for summarising the results. Implications. This overview shows a consistent association between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms, though it is not possible to draw firm conclusions about a causal relationship. Reverse causality and residual confounding cannot be excluded. An interaction with other environmental and genetic factors is difficult to ascertain. Conclusion. We conclude that there is insufficient knowledge to determine the level of risk associated with cannabis use in relation to psychotic symptoms and that more information is needed on both the risks of cannabis use and the benefits of preventive interventions to support evidence‐based approaches in this area.[Minozzi S, Davoli M, Bargagli AM, Amato L, Vecchi S, Perucci CA. An overview of systematic reviews on cannabis and psychosis: Discussing apparently conflicting results. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
Predictors and consequences of incarceration among a sample of young Thai methamphetamine users
Authors: SHERMAN SUSAN G. , SUTCLIFFE CATHERINE G. , SRIROJN BANGORN , GERMAN DANIELLE , THOMSON NICK , ARAMRATTANA APINUN , CELENTANO DAVID D. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. Our study examined the incidence of arrest and incarceration, investigated predictors of incarceration and explored the persistence of depression, alcohol use and drug use after incarceration among young methamphetamine users from Thailand. Design and Methods. Participants were aged 18–25 years old and were a part of a 12 month randomised social network trial that aimed to reduce sexual risk and methamphetamine use. Estimates of the incidence of arrest and incarceration over 12 months were calculated. A matched case–control study (n = 73 cases; n = 223 controls) was performed to examine incarceration risk factors using conditional logistic regression. Persistence of drug‐risk behaviours were explored after incarceration. Results. Study participants (n = 950) were 72% male, with a median age of 19 years and a median of 9 years of schooling. Frequent drug and alcohol use were reported at baseline. In total, 35% of the sample reported ever having been arrested and 22% reported ever having been incarcerated at baseline. During the 12 month follow up, 16% of the sample was arrested. In univariate analyses, risk factors for incarceration included frequent drug and alcohol use, being less educated, and a history of arrest and incarceration. A high prevalence of drug and alcohol use and involvement in the drug economy persisted after arrest. Discussion and Conclusions. The study indicates a high prevalence of recidivism among this young sample, with continued involvement in drug‐risk behaviours after incarceration. Appropriate interventions are needed to address root causes of arrest, largely related to substance use.[Sherman SG, Sutcliffe CG, Srirojn B, German D, Thomson N, Aramrattana A, Celentano DD. Predictors and consequences of incarceration among a sample of young Thai methamphetamine users. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010]
Predictors of early dropout in methadone maintenance treatment program in Yunnan province, China
Authors: CHE YANHUA , ASSANANGKORNCHAI SAWITRI , MCNEIL EDWARD , CHONGSUVIVATWONG VIRASAKDI , LI JIANHUA , GEATER ALAN , YOU JING 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aim. The aim of this study is to identify the predictors of early dropout of patients in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics in Yunnan province, China. Methods. A cohort study was conducted on 218 patients starting treatment in five MMT clinics between 1 March 2008 and 31 August, with follow up to 28 February 2009. Patients were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire covering socio‐demographic characteristics and drug abuse history. Attendance at clinic and daily dose were abstracted from the clinic records. The mean average daily dose per patient in each period was compared across three periods, 0–1, >1–3 and >3–6 months, using analysis of variance and random‐intercept mixed linear regression modelling. Cox regression model with time‐varying average daily dose within each period was performed to identify factors predicting dropout in the MMT program. Results. Cumulative probability of retention at 1, 3 and 6 months was 94%, 75% and 57%, respectively. There was no relationship between dose and probability of dropout in periods 1 and 2. However, after 3 months higher average daily dose (>60 mg) was associated with lower probability of dropout. Dropout was more likely among the Han ethnic group [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.65–3.26], in those who had to spend over 30 min to visit the clinic (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.07–2.49) and in those living with other drug users (HR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.55–4.74). Discussion and Conclusion. Patients' early dropout was related to ethnicity, clinic accessibility, living with drug users and methadone dose. A higher methadone dose as appropriate for maintenance treatment is recommended.[Che Y, Assanangkornchai S, Mcneil E, Chongsuvivatwong V, Li J, Geater A, You J. Predictors of early dropout in methadone maintenance treatment program in Yunnan province, China. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010]
Do young people attending addiction services differ from those attending youth mental health services?
Authors: CHRISTIE GRANT , MERRY SALLY , ROBINSON ELIZABETH 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. We aimed to describe and compare the self‐reported substance use, psychopathology and psychosocial morbidity in adolescents attending two adolescent outpatient services, a triage‐based mental health service and an engagement‐focused addiction service in Auckland, New Zealand. Design and Methods. A naturalistic cross‐section of 131 (addiction service = 67, mental health service = 64) 14–18‐year‐old boys and girls attending each service completed a standardised screening and assessment instrument, the Drug Use Screening Inventory—Revised. The Drug Use Screening Inventory—Revised measures self‐reported problems across 10 domains of functioning, including substance use, behaviour, psychiatric symptoms and school and family functioning. Descriptive statistics were used to provide an overview of the self‐reported morbidity in each group and t‐tests were used to determine differences between the two groups. Results. Adolescents attending the addiction service reported significantly more problems with substance use, school performance and peer relationships than those attending the mental health service. There was no significant difference in reported psychiatric symptoms, behavioural problems, social competency, health problems, family problems, difficulties in work functioning or leisure time between the two groups. Discussion and Conclusions. Young people presenting to engagement‐focused substance use services report similar difficulties to those at mental health services across most areas of psychosocial functioning. Addiction services may require equivalent staffing expertise and workforce development to that in mental health to effectively meet young people's needs. [Christie G, Merry S, Robinson E. Do young people attending addiction services differ from those attending youth mental health services? Drug Alcohol Rev 2010]
AUDIT‐C, AUDIT‐3 and AUDIT‐QF in screening risky drinking among Finnish occupational health‐care patients
Authors: KAARNE TIINA , AALTO MAURI , KUOKKANEN MARTTI , SEPPÄ KAIJA 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. Primary care physicians need a brief screening instrument to detect risky drinkers. In previous studies, the three first questions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐C (AUDIT‐C) and the third question on heavy episodic drinking alone (AUDIT‐3) have been shown to be almost as effective as the whole AUDIT. Also, AUDIT‐QF (the first two questions of AUDIT) can be a potential screening instrument. However, the validity of these short questionnaires has not been studied among the occupational health‐care patients. Design and Methods. Patients visiting their doctor in six occupational health clinics were asked to fill in a health questionnaire containing AUDIT. All together 759 patients participated in the study. Risky drinking was defined as having scored of≥10 for men or≥8 or more for women in the AUDIT questionnaire. Validity of AUDIT‐C, AUDIT‐3 and AUDIT‐QF were compared against the whole AUDIT. Results. Based on the whole AUDIT, 92 (24%) of the men and 33 (9%) of the women were risky drinkers. For men and women, area under the curve was relatively high for all tested questionnaires. For AUDIT‐C, the best combination of sensitivity and specificity was yielded at cut‐off point of 6 for men and 4 for women. Discussion and Conclusion. Short questionnaires perform almost as well as the whole AUDIT screening risky drinking among men and women. This is why they can be recommended for clinical use in busy settings. The cut‐off points, however, have to be tailored for gender and culture.[Kaarne T, Aalto M, Kuokkanen M, Seppä K. AUDIT‐C, AUDIT‐3 and AUDIT‐QF in screening risky drinking among Finnish occupational health‐care patients. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010]
Infant mortality among women on a methadone program during pregnancy
Authors: BURNS LUCY , CONROY ELIZABETH , MATTICK RICHARD P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. The rate and correlates of infant death in those born to opioid‐dependent women are unclear. This study aims to determine the infant mortality rate of infants born to women on a methadone program during pregnancy and to identify any modifiable risk factors. Design and Methods. A retrospective study of live births to all women in New South Wales, Australia during the period 1995–2002. Using record linkage four groups were compared: (i) live births to women on a methadone program during pregnancy who subsequently died during infancy; (ii) live births to women not on a methadone program who subsequently died during infancy; (iii) live births to women on a methadone program during pregnancy who did not die during infancy; and (iv) live births to women not on a methadone program who did not die during infancy. Results, Discussion and Conclusion. The infant mortality rate was higher among infants whose mothers were on methadone during pregnancy (24.3 per 1000 live born infants in group 1 and 4.0 per 1000 live born infants in group 2) compared with infants of all other mothers. The single main cause of death for all infants was Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. There was a higher rate of smoking among women on methadone. The findings suggest that methadone and non‐methadone infant–mother pairs have different symptom profiles, diagnostic procedures and/or different patterns of access to care.[Burns L, Conroy E, Mattick RP. Infant mortality among women on a methadone program during pregnancy. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010]
Problem drinking among married men in India: Comparison between husband's and wife's reports
Authors: SATYANARAYANA VEENA A. , VADDIPARTI KRISHNA , CHANDRA PRABHA S. , O'LEARY CATINA C. , BENEGAL VIVEK , COTTLER LINDA B. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. This study compared the husband's report and wife's report of her husband's problem drinking, among residents of an urban slum in Bangalore, India. Design and Methods. The data come from a feasibility study to prevent HIV infection among at‐risk women in Bangalore. Household enumeration was carried out (n = 509) to choose 100 married men between 18 and 50 years who reported problem drinking (scores 8 and above) on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Wives of these married men, considered to be at risk for HIV because of their husband's hazardous drinking, were subsequently recruited for the study (n = 100). Written informed consent was obtained; wives were asked about the drinking history of their husbands through the AUDIT‐WR (Wife's Report) developed for the present study. Results. Prevalence of problem drinking in the enumerated sample (n = 509) was high (n = 186; 37%). The husband's report and his wife's report of his problem drinking was concordant (r = 0.57–0.75) on eight out of 10 items, and the total AUDIT score. Discussion and Conclusions. The AUDIT‐WR is a reliable and culturally relevant measure of husband's problem drinking. In India, men with problem drinking are hard to reach. Therefore, proxy report of the wife may be useful when the husband is either unavailable or uncooperative for assessment.[Satyanarayana VA, Vaddiparti K, Chandra PS, O'Leary CC, Benegal V, Cottler LB. Problem drinking among married men in India: comparison between husband's and wife's reports. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010]