bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Variations of Intrahemispheric and Interhemispheric Processing Indexed by the Dimond Paradigm
Authors: Braun Claude M. J. , Achim André , Gauvin Geoffrey , Desjardins Samuel , Roberge Carl , Suffren Sabrina 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We report 2 experiments designed to demonstrate that unilateral tachistoscopic stimulation would yield a response time (RT) advantage over bilateral stimulation in a simple experiment, whereas the opposite pattern would occur in a complex version of the same task, as predicted by the intrahemispheric resource limitation model of Banich and colleagues. Experiment 1 was a go/no-go task in which participants had to press a key when two shapes (circles or squares) were identical on the computer screen. A unilateral field advantage was obtained that was accentuated in several task conditions that yielded overall longer RTs, mostly in the bilateral condition. Experiment 2 was similar but required a more complex judgment: The go trials were to 2 stimuli identical on 1 dimension (shape or color) but not both or neither. The RTs were significantly and substantially longer than in Experiment 1 and exhibited a nonsignificant bilateral field advantage, which differed significantly from the unilateral field advantage obtained in Experiment 1. These results support the intrahemispheric resource limitation model of Banich and colleagues. However, several within-experiment effects are in direct opposition to this model and are best explained as limitations of commissural relay of perceptual information.
An Application of a Dual-Process Approach to Decision Making in Social Dilemmas
Authors: Liu Chang-Jiang , Hao Fang 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
This study compared psychological and behavioral responses in a take-some social dilemma with those in a give-some situation and suggested an explanation in terms of a dual process model. Participants facing the take-some dilemma exhibited a higher level of cooperation than those facing the give-some dilemma only in their first decision trial, and this effect was independent of our experimental manipulation of the information processing mode. Furthermore, once an experiential mode was induced, participants spent less time and experienced less conflict when making decisions in the take-some dilemma than in the give-some situations. The findings indicate that in social dilemmas the information processing mode has a stronger effect on psychological responses than on behavioral responses.
Revising Superior Planning Performance in Chess Players: The Impact of Time Restriction and Motivation Aspects
Authors: Unterrainer Josef Martin , Kaller Christoph Philipp , Leonhart Rainer , Rahm Benjamin 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In a previous study (Unterrainer, Kaller, Halsband, and Rahm, 2006), chess players outperformed non-chess players in the Tower of London planning task but exhibited disproportionately longer processing times. This pattern of results raises the question of whether chess players’ planning capabilities are superior or whether the results reflect differences in the speed–accuracy trade-off between the groups, possibly attributable to sports motivation. The present study was designed to disambiguate these alternative suggestions by implementing various constraints on planning time and by assessing self-reported motivation. In contrast to the previous study, chess players’ performance was not superior, independently of whether problems had to be solved with (Experiment 1) or without (Experiment 2) time limits. As expected, chess players reported higher overall trait and state motivation scores across both experiments. These findings revise the notion of superior planning performance in chess players. In consequence, they do not conform with the assumption of a general transfer of chess-related planning expertise to other cognitive domains, instead suggesting that superior performance may be possible only under specific circumstances such as receiving competitive instructions.
Reading Dream Literature: Frequency, Influencing Factors, and Self-Rated Benefit
Authors: Schredl Michael 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Dream books have a very long history, but systematic research on how many people have read magazine articles or books on dreams and whether reading such literature is beneficial to the dreamer is scarce. In the present sample of 444 people (mostly psychology students), about 75% of the participants stated that they had read at least one magazine article on dreams, and more than 40% had read at least one book about dreams. The main factor associated with the frequency of reading dream literature was a positive attitude toward dreaming, whereas personality factors play a minor role in explaining interindividual differences in this variable. The self-rated benefit of reading dream literature varied greatly, from not helpful at all to very helpful, and was associated with dream recall frequency and positive attitude toward dreaming. Using this approach in a more sophisticated way, eliciting details about the kinds of information participants have read would help researchers learn more about what techniques of dream work are effective and thus complement the research carried out in therapist-guided sessions.
The Memory of Two Great Mental Calculators: Charcot and Binet’s Neglected 1893 Experiments
Authors: Nicholas Serge , Gounden Yannick , Levine Zachary 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot (1825–1893) and French psychologist Alfred Binet (1857–1911) are almost unknown as investigators who conducted original and fascinating studies in the area of memory. In a series of 1893 experiments, they compared the performance of two expert mental calculators, Jacques Inaudi and Pericles Diamandi, in tasks that consisted of recalling digits. Inspired by Ribot’s psychological work (1881), they believed in the existence of not one type of memory but several partial, special, and local memories, each devoted to a particular domain. In all arithmetical prodigies, memory for digits is abnormally developed compared with other memories. Inaudi was considered to be an auditory memory–based mental calculator; when memorizing digits, he did not rely on the appearance of the items or create visual imagery of any kind. Rather, he remembered digits principally by their sounds. Inaudi’s methods of calculation and memorization were original and different from those used by Diamandi, who was a typical visual memory–based mental calculator. The experiments presented in the 1893 article were among the first scientific demonstrations of the importance to psychology of studying different types of memory. The present work gives a translation of this pioneering experimental article on expert calculators by Charcot and Binet, instructive for the comprehension of normal memory.
“Pets or Meat”? Ethics and Domestic Animals
Authors: Clement Grace 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We treat companion animals according to one set of guidelines and so-called “meat animals” according to an opposing set of guidelines, despite the apparently significant similarities between the animals in question. I consider moral justifications offered for this disparity of treatment and show that this paradox reveals a mistake in our moral thinking. Generally, we group animals used in farming and free-living animals together as subject to the ethic of justice and distinguish both from companion animals, who are subject to the ethic of care. I argue that animals used in farming, like companion animals, should be understood as within the sphere of care.
A Response to Deckers
Authors: McDaniel Jay 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Philosophers and theologians influenced by Whitehead’s philosophy see other animals as subjects of their own lives, with purposes of their own, which add beauty to the whole of life, which add value to the life of God. Other animals are deserving of respect and care. It is thus surprising that so few Whiteheadians have seen the implications of this with regard to eating animals. Deckers rightly prods these thinkers to accept the moral implications of their thought, pointing in the direction of a process-oriented vegetarianism.
Generation and Gender Differences in Aesthetic Responses to Popular Illustrations
Authors: Lin Yen-Ching , I Bin 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
This essay explores differences in aesthetic response scales for popular illustrations. A total of 254 subjects participated in this study, which involved answering a questionnaire consisting of 7-point scales by using a computer device. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance, and exploratory factor analysis. The principle findings were as follows: First, popular illustrations seemed to elicit some interest and a little novelty, and the aesthetic evaluation was positive in most responses. Second, except for one affective factor-preference-and two cognitive factors-interest and meaning-the ratings of most factors involved in the aesthetic evaluation were higher among adults than among adolescents. The coordination between cognition and affection evoked by the aesthetic processing of visual stimuli might be the true key to understanding the generational differences in the perception of popular illustrations. Third, the ratings for apprehending complexity among females were significantly higher than those among males. The converse was true of the scores for apprehending activity, and activity presumably played an important aesthetic role among adolescents. In conclusion, this research provides a preliminary examination of the aesthetic responses to popular illustrations; however, it has some limitations that can be addressed in future studies.
Popular Culture, Art Education, and the Committee on Public Information During World War I, 1915-1919
Authors: Funk Clayton 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
During World War I, the advertising industry and public schools in the United States were subjected to intervention from the Committee on Public Information (CPI), a clearinghouse established by President Woodrow Wilson to promote propaganda of wartime patriotism. In this history, I discuss how the CPI used strategies of social efficiency to marshal advertising and art education in public schools as a unified mass media for transmitting a patriotic culture imbued with racial and gender stereotypes. I argue that the CPI used adventure tropes from American popular culture to romanticize the war in advertising images and school lessons. In this way, the CPI portrayed Germany as a sinister enemy in order to convince Americans that war was necessary for keeping the world safe.
Enhanced Performance Consistency in Nanoparticle/TIPS Pentacene‐Based Organic Thin Film Transistors
Authors: He Zhengran , Xiao Kai , Durant William , Hensley Dale K. , Anthony John E. , Hong Kunlun , Kilbey S. Michael , Chen Jihua , Li Dawen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this study, inorganic silica nanoparticles are used to manipulate the morphology of 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)‐pentacene (TIPS pentacene) thin films and the performance of solution‐processed organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). This approach is taken to control crystal anisotropy, which is the origin of poor consistency in TIPS pentacene based OTFT devices. Thin film active layers are produced by drop‐casting mixtures of SiO2 nanoparticles and TIPS pentacene. The resultant drop‐cast films yield improved morphological uniformity at ∼10% SiO2 loading, which also leads to a 3‐fold increase in average mobility and nearly 4 times reduction in the ratio of measured mobility standard deviation (μStdev) to average mobility (μAvg). Grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as polarized optical microscopy are used to investigate the nanoparticle‐mediated TIPS pentacene crystallization. The experimental results suggest that the SiO2 nanoparticles mostly aggregate at TIPS pentacene grain boundaries, and 10% nanoparticle concentration effectively reduces the undesirable crystal misorientation without considerably compromising TIPS pentacene crystallinity.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Tandem Cyclization Reaction of 2‐(2,3‐Allenyl)acylacetates, Organic Halides, and Amines: An Effective Protocol for the Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Cheng Jiajia , Jiang Xuefeng , Zhu Can , Ma Shengming 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA domino three‐component reaction of 2‐(2′,3′‐allenyl)acylacetates with aryl or alkenyl halides and aryl‐ or benzylamines afforded 4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole derivatives highly chemo‐ and regioselectively in one pot through imine formation/imine‐enamine tautomerization under the catalysis of palladium(0) and toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate. A high diastereoselectivity was observed.
Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Spirocycles Containing Pyrrolidine Motifs and Spiro Quaternary Stereogenic Centers via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with 2‐Alkylidene‐Cycloketones
Authors: Liu Tang‐Lin , He Zhao‐Lin , Li Qing‐Hua , Tao Hai‐Yan , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe first catalytic asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with various sterically hindered α,α,β‐trisubstituted 2‐alkylidene‐cycloketones has been developed successfully with silver acetate/TF‐BiphamPhos complex for the construction of spiro heterocyclic compounds containing pyrrolidine motifs and a spiro quaternary stereogenic carbon center. The highly efficient catalytic system exhibited high reactivity, excellent diastereoselectivity, good enantioselectivity and broad substrate scope under mild conditions. Subsequent transformations led to the expedient preparation of synthetically useful spiro[pyrrolidine‐tetrahydropyranone] and spiro[pyrrolidine‐isochroman‐1‐one] without loss of the diastereo‐ and enantiomeric excesses.
Damage analysis of microwave‐dried materials
Authors: Kowalski Stefan J. , Banaszak Jacek , Rybicki Andrzej 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyze the drying‐induced stresses and destruction of ceramic‐like materials during their microwave drying. The kinetics of microwave drying at various microwave power levels are determined experimentally and numerically, and the distributions of temperature and moisture content in the tested samples are visualized with infrared camera and presented graphically. The experiments are performed on kaolin‐clay samples, where destruction provoked by microwave drying is visualized on photographs taken with the photo camera and microscope. The thermo‐hydro‐mechanical model of drying elaborated by authors is used to determine the distribution of stress components and to calculate the effective stress required to induce the failure of material. The effective stress is formulated with the use of the energetic criterion, and the material spots prone to damage are predicted numerically. The numerically predicted spots are compared with the experimentally appointed places of material damage and a good adherence of the numerical predictions with experiments is confirmed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Improvement of oil flowability by assembly of comb‐type copolymers with paraffin and asphaltene
Authors: Li Li , Xu Jun , Tinsley Jack , Adamson Douglas H. , Pethica Brian A. , Huang John S. , Prud'homme Robert K. , Guo Xuhong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractComb‐type (maleic acid alkylamides‐co‐α‐octadecene) copolymers (MACs) assemble with long‐chain n‐paraffins and asphaltenes by the hydrophobic alkyl branches and polar groups, respectively, and improve flowability of crude oils upon cooling. Their effects on the crystallization of paraffins from model oils were studied by rheology, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. Upon cooling, MACs change the size and shape of paraffin crystals and reduce the yield stresses of gels generated by precipitated solids. Deposition of wax was significantly suppressed by MAC as observed using a laboratory‐scale deposition apparatus. MACs are more effective than poly(ethylene‐butene) copolymers in improving the flowability of crude oils containing asphaltenes. The interactions between the carboxyl and amide groups of MAC with the polar aromatic asphaltenes appear to stabilize crudes through the steric effects of the long alkyl groups of MAC polymers, thereby reducing the strength of paraffin/asphaltene gels formed on cooling. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Effects of computer keyboarding on ultrasonographic measures of the median nerve
Authors: Toosi Kevin K. , Impink Bradley G. , Baker Nancy A. , Boninger Michael L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundKeyboarding is a highly repetitive daily task and has been linked to musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremity. However, the effect of keyboarding on median nerve injuries is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to use ultrasonographic measurements to determine whether continuous keyboarding can cause acute changes in the median nerve.MethodsUltrasound images of the median nerve from 21 volunteers were captured at the levels of the pisiform and distal radius prior to and following a prolonged keyboarding task (i.e., 1 hr of continuous keyboarding). Images were analyzed by a blinded investigator to quantify the median nerve characteristics. Changes in the median nerve ultrasonographic measures as a result of continuous keyboarding task were evaluated.ResultsCross‐sectional areas at the pisiform level were significantly larger in both dominant (P = 0.004) and non‐dominant (P = 0.001) hands following the keyboarding task. Swelling ratio was significantly greater in the dominant hand (P = 0.020) after 60 min of keyboarding when compared to the baseline measures. Flattening ratios were not significantly different in either hand as a result of keyboarding.ConclusionWe were able to detect an acute increase in the area of the median nerve following 1 hr of keyboarding with a computer keyboard. This suggests that keyboarding has an impact on the median nerve. Further studies are required to understand this relationship, which would provide insight into the pathophysiology of median neuropathies such as carpal tunnel syndrome. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:826–833, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contiguous ∼16 Mb 1p36 deletion: Dominant features of classical distal 1p36 monosomy with haplo‐lethality
Authors: Nicoulaz A. , Rubi F. , Lieder L. , Wolf R. , Goeggel‐Simonetti B. , Steinlin M. , Wiest R. , Bonel H.M. , Schaller A. , Gallati S. , Conrad B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMonosomy 1p36 results from heterozygous deletions of the terminal short chromosome 1 arm, the most common terminal deletion in humans. The microdeletion is split in two usually non‐overlapping and clinically distinct classical distal and proximal 1p36 monosomy syndromes. Using comparative genome hybridization, MLPA and qPCR we identified the largest contiguous ∼16 Mb terminal 1p36 deletion reported to date. It covers both distal and proximal regions, causes a neonatally lethal variant with virtually exclusive features of distal 1p36 monosomy, highlighting the key importance of the gene‐rich distal region for the “compound” 1p36 phenotype and a threshold deletion‐size effect for haplo‐lethality. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Achondroplasia with synostosis of multiple sutures
Authors: Georgoulis George , Alexiou George , Prodromou Neofytos 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe report for the second time on a case of achondroplasia with synostosis of multiple sutures. The most common mutation for achondroplasia (FGFR3 Gly380Arg, resulting in 1138G>A) was identified. Imaging studies disclosed complex craniosynostosis and neurosurgical intervention was carried out, particularly for posterior plagiocephaly. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Five patients with novel overlapping interstitial deletions in 8q22.2q22.3
Authors: Kuechler Alma , Buysse Karen , Clayton‐Smith Jill , Le Caignec Cédric , David Albert , Engels Hartmut , Kohlhase Jürgen , Mari Francesca , Mortier Geert , Renieri Alessandra , Wieczorek Dagmar 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHigh‐resolution microarray technology has facilitated the detection of submicroscopic chromosome aberrations and characterization of new microdeletion syndromes. We present clinical and molecular data of five patients with previously undescribed overlapping interstitial deletions involving 8q22.2q22.3. All deletions differ in size and breakpoints. Patients 1–4 carry deletions between 5.25 and 6.44 Mb in size, resulting in a minimal deletion overlap of 3.87 Mb (from 100.69 to 104.56 Mb; hg18) comprising at least 25 genes. These patients share similar facial dysmorphisms with blepharophimosis, telecanthus, epicanthus, flat malar region, thin upper lip vermillion, down‐turned corners of the mouth, and a poor facial movement/little facial expression. They have a moderate to severe developmental delay (4/4), absent speech (3/4), microcephaly (3/4), a history of seizures (3/4), postnatal short stature (2/4), and a diaphragmatic or hiatal hernia (2/4). Patient 5 was diagnosed with a smaller deletion of about 1.92 Mb (containing nine genes) localized within the deletion overlap of the other four patients. Patient 5 shows a different facial phenotype and a less severe mental retardation. In Patients 1–4, COH1 is involved in the deletion (in total or in part), but none of them showed clinical features of Cohen syndrome. In two patients (Patients 2 and 4), ZFPM2 (also called FOG2, a candidate gene for congenital diaphragmatic hernias) was partly deleted. We suggest that patients with a microdeletion of 8q22.2q22.3 may represent a clinically recognizable condition characterized particularly by the facial phenotype and developmental delay. More patients have to be evaluated to establish a phenotype–genotype correlation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pigmentary skin defect is a new finding in Marshall–Smith syndrome
Authors: Passalacqua Cristóbal , Melo Camila , Martín Luz María , Rojas Francisca , Sanz Patricia , Taucher Silvia Castillo , Aranibar Ligia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMarshall–Smith Syndrome (OMIM 602535) was described initially by Marshall in two infants with a syndrome characterized by accelerated skeletal maturation, failure to thrive, and dysmorphic facial features. We report a new patient with clinical features of Marshall–Smith syndrome with additional findings such as hyperpigmented lines on trunk and the four extremities. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel nonsense mutation in TUSC3 is responsible for non‐syndromic autosomal recessive mental retardation in a consanguineous Iranian family
Authors: Garshasbi Masoud , Kahrizi Kimia , Hosseini Masoumeh , Nouri Vahid Leila , Falah Masoumeh , Hemmati Sahel , Hu Hao , Tzschach Andreas , Ropers Hans Hilger , Najmabadi Hossein , Kuss Andreas Walter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe genetic basis of autosomal recessive mental retardation (ARMR) is extremely heterogeneous, and there is reason to suspect that the number of underlying gene defects may well go beyond 1,000. To date, however, only less than 10 genes have been implicated in non‐specific/non‐syndromic ARMR (NS‐ARMR). As part of an ongoing systematic study aiming to identify further ARMR genes, we investigated a consanguineous family with three patients with NS‐ARMR. By linkage analysis and subsequent mutation screening we identified a novel nonsense mutation (c.163C > T [p.Q55X]) in the second exon of the TUSC3 gene. This is the third MR causing defect in TUSC3 to be described and the second independent mutation in this gene in a cohort of more than 200 ARMR families from the Iranian population. This argues for a more prominent role of TUSC3 in the etiology of this genetically heterogeneous disorder as compared to most of the other so far identified ARMR genes. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.