bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a new lacrimal drainage conduit using POSS nanocomposite
Authors: Chaloupka Karla , Motwani Meghna , Seifalian Alexander Marcus 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLacrimal surgery in cases of severely obstructed or missing canalicular ducts is highly challenging. In these cases, the placement of a bypass tube is currently the only option to restore the drainage of tears into the nose and reduce the symptomatic watery eye. Different approaches to achieve functional drainage have been tried using blood vessels or artificial implants. The implantation of the rigid Lester Jones tube is, since its introduction in the late 1960s, the gold standard. The functional success is satisfactory. However, complication rates are high and remain, even with many modifications of the original design, a major problem. These complications include mainly the displacement and blockage of the tube, requiring regular checkups, as well as irritation of the surrounding tissue including the nose and the eye. The objective of this study was to develop a new lacrimal duct conduit (LDC) to restore structural and functional integrity of the lacrimal drainage system. The conduit is constructed with a novel polymer, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane–poly(carbonate‐urea)urethane (POSS–PCU), that offers biocompatibility. We exploit nanotopography to evade the problems associated with current applications. A number of extrusion techniques were investigated for this purpose: ultrasonic atomization spraying, electrohydrodynamic atomization spraying/spinning, extrusion–coagulation, and high‐pressure coagulation by autoclave and casting. Finally, the coagulation and cast technique were selected to construct an LDC superior to its predecessors, and its advantages highlighted.
Minor Labdane Diterpenes from Marrubium thessalum
Authors: Argyropoulou Catherine , Karioti Anastasia , Skaltsa Helen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFive new labdane diterpenes, thessalines A, B, and D, 14β‐hydroxythessaline A, and 14β‐hydroxythessaline B (1–5, resp.) were isolated from the aerial parts of Marrubium thessalum, along with the known labdane diterpene deacetylvitexilactone (6) and the methoxylated flavones 4′,7‐dimethylapigenin and salvigenin. (3S,5R)‐Loliolide was also found in the same source. Their structures were established by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, and ROESY) and MS analyses. The plant produces a great variety of labdane‐type diterpenes, with variations in functionalities, particularly in the side chain. Their structures could be of chemotaxonomic significance for the genus Marrubium.
Novel Terpenoids from Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana
Authors: Hsieh Chin‐Lin , Tseng Mei‐Hwei , Pan Ryh‐Nan , Chang Jang‐Yang , Kuo Ching‐Chuan , Lee Tzong‐Huei , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCalocetriol (1), diacetylcalocediol (2), and ferrugimenthenol (3) were isolated from the bark of Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana. Among them, 1 and 2 are secoabietane‐type diterpenoids, and 3, with a novel C20C10 skeleton, is classified as a meroterpenoid. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, and their biological activities were also evaluated. Compound 3 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cells with an IC50 value of 9.0±0.1 μM.
Carbonylation of Nitrobenzene in Methanol with Palladium Bidentate Phosphane Complexes: An Unexpectedly Complex Network of Catalytic Reactions, Centred around a Pd–imido Intermediate
Authors: Mooibroek Tiddo J. , Schoon Lodi , Bouwman Elisabeth , Drent Eite 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reactivity of palladium complexes of bidentate diaryl phosphane ligands (P2) was studied in the reaction of nitrobenzene with CO in methanol. Careful analysis of the reaction mixtures revealed that, besides the frequently reported reduction products of nitrobenzene [methyl phenyl carbamate (MPC), N,N′‐diphenylurea (DPU), aniline, azobenzene (Azo) and azoxybenzene (Azoxy)], large quantities of oxidation products of methanol were co‐produced (dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dimethyl oxalate (DMO), methyl formate (MF), H2O, and CO). From these observations, it is concluded that several catalytic processes operate simultaneously, and are coupled via common catalytic intermediates. Starting from a P2Pd0 compound formed in situ, oxidation to a palladium imido compound P2PdIINPh, can be achieved by de‐oxygenation of nitrobenzene 1) with two molecules of CO, 2) with two molecules of CO and the acidic protons of two methanol molecules, or 3) with all four hydrogen atoms of one methanol molecule. Reduction of P2PdIINPh to P2Pd0 makes the overall process catalytic, while at the same time forming Azo(xy), MPC, DPU and aniline. It is proposed that the Pd–imido species is the central key intermediate that can link together all reduction products of nitrobenzene and all oxidation products of methanol in one unified mechanistic scheme. The relative occurrence of the various catalytic processes is shown to be dependent on the characteristics of the catalysts, as imposed by the ligand structure.
Reaction of an Osmium(VI) Nitrido Complex with Cyanide: Formation and Reactivity of an Osmium(III) Hydrogen Cyanamide Complex
Authors: Xiang Jing , Man Wai‐Lun , Yiu Shek‐Man , Peng Shie‐Ming , Lau Tai‐Chu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReaction of [OsVI(N)(L1)(Cl)(OH2)] (1) with CN− under various conditions affords (PPh4)[OsVI(N)(L1)(CN)(Cl)] (2), (PPh4)2[OsVI(N)(L2)(CN)2] (3), and a novel hydrogen cyanamido complex, (PPh4)2[OsIII{N(H)CN}(L3)(CN)3] (4). Compound 4 reacts readily with both electrophiles and nucleophiles. Protonation and methylation of 4 produce (PPh4)[OsIII(NCNH2)(L3)(CN)3] (5) and (PPh4)[OsIII(NCNMe2)(L3)(CN)3] (6), respectively. Nucleophilic addition of NH3, ethylamine, and diethylamine readily occur at the C atom of the hydrogen cyanamide ligand of 4 to produce osmium guanidine complexes with the general formula [OsIII{N(H)C(NH2)NR1R2}(L3)(CN)3]−, which have been isolated as PPh4 salts (R1=R2=H (7); R1=H, R2=CH2CH3 (8); R1=R2=CH2CH3 (9)). The molecular structures of 1–5 and 7 and 8 have been determined by X‐ray crystallography.
Design of Dinuclear Copper Species with Carboranylcarboxylate Ligands: Study of Their Steric and Electronic Effects
Authors: Fontanet Mònica , Popescu Adrian‐Radu , Fontrodona Xavier , Rodríguez Montserrat , Romero Isabel , Teixidor Francesc , Viñas Clara , Aliaga‐Alcalde Núria , Ruiz Eliseo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of new mononuclear and carboranylcarboxylate‐bridged dinuclear copper(II) compounds containing the 1‐CH3‐2‐CO2H‐1,2‐closo‐C2B10H10carborane ligand (LH) has been synthesized. Reaction of different copper salts withLH at room temperature leads to dinuclear compounds of the general formula [Cu2(μ‐L)4(Lt)2] (Lt=thf (1),Lt=H2O (1′)). The reaction of1and1′with different terminal pyridyl (py) ligands leads to the formation of a series of structurally analogous complexes by substitution of the terminal ligand thf or H2O (Lt=py (2),p‐CF3‐py (3),p‐CH3‐py (4), pz (6), and 4,4′‐bpy (7)), which maintain the structural Cu2(μ‐O2CR)4core in the majority of the cases except foro‐(CH3)2‐py, where a mononuclear compound (5) is exclusively obtained. These compounds have been characterized through analytical, spectroscopic (NMR, IR, UV‐visible, ESI‐MS) and magnetic techniques. X‐ray structural analysis revealed a paddle‐wheel structure for the dinuclear compounds, with a square‐pyramidal geometry around each copper ion and the carboranylcarboxylate ions bridging two copper atoms insyn–synmode. The mononuclear complex obtained with theo‐(CH3)2‐py ligand presents a square‐planar structure, in which the carboranylcarboxylate ligand adopts a monodentate coordination mode. The magnetic properties of the dinuclear compounds1,3,4, and6show a strong antiferromagnetic coupling in all cases (J=−261 (1), −255 (3), −241 (4), −249 cm−1(6)). Computational studies based on hybrid density functional methods have been used to study the magnetic properties of the complexes and also to evaluate their relative stability on the basis of the strength of the bond between each CuIIand the terminal ligand.
Total Synthesis, Stereochemical Assignment, and Antimalarial Activity of Gallinamide A
Authors: Conroy Trent , Guo Jin T. , Linington Roger G. , Hunt Nicholas H. , Payne Richard J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe total synthesis and stereochemical assignment of gallinamide A, an antimalarial depsipeptide of cyanobacterial origin, is described. Synthesis of the four possible N‐terminal diastereoisomers of gallinamide A (including the natural product symplostatin 4) was achieved using a divergent strategy from a common imide fragment. The natural product and corresponding diastereoisomers were synthesized in 30–33 % overall yield in a longest linear sequence of 8 steps. Comparative NMR spectroscopic studies of the four synthetic diastereoisomers with the isolated natural product demonstrated that gallinamide A possesses a dimethylated L‐isoleucyl residue at the N‐terminus. As such, we have shown that gallinamide A is structurally and stereochemically identical to symplostatin 4. Gallinamide A and its N‐terminal diastereoisomers were also shown to possess significant antimalarial activity with IC50 values in the nanomolar range against the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Recyclable Organocatalytic System for the Highly Asymmetric Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Nitroolefins in Water.
Authors: Sarkar Dhruba , Bhattarai Ramesh , Headley Allan D. , Ni Bukuo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe products are formed in an enantiopure form with excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Some 3‐(2‐(1H‐Benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐2‐arylthiazolidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Desai N. C. , Bhatt Nayan , Kumar Mukesh , Makwana Atul 
Published: October 2011

Abstract12 Title compounds of type (VII) are prepared and their antibacterial and antifungal activities are investigated.
Performance Enhancement of Solar Latent Heat Thermal Storage System with Particle Dispersion — an Exergy Approach
Authors: Jegadheeswaran Selvaraj , Pohekar Sanjay D. , Kousksou Tarik 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPhase change material (PCM) employed latent heat thermal storage (LHTS) system has been showing good potential over the years for energy management, particularly in solar energy systems. However, enhancement in thermal conductivity of PCMs is emphasized as PCMs are known for their poor thermal conductivity. In this work, the thermal performance of a shell and tube LHTS module containing PCM‐metal particles composite is investigated while charging and is compared with that of pure PCM system. The effect of particle dispersion on latent heat capacity of pure PCM is also analyzed. Enthalpy based governing equations are solved numerically adopting FLUENT code. Exergy based performance evaluation is taken as a main aspect. The numerical results are presented for various operating conditions of heat transfer fluid (HTF) and indicate considerable performance improvement of the system when particles are dispersed.
Application‐specific thread schedulers for internet server applications
Authors: Roper Matthew D. , Olsson Ronald A. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper describes CATAPULTS (Creating And Testing APplication‐specific User Level Thread Schedulers), a domain‐specific language for creating and testing application‐specific user‐level thread schedulers. Using a domain‐specific language to write user‐level thread schedulers provides three advantages. First, doing so modularizes the thread scheduler, making it easy to plug in and experiment with different thread scheduling strategies. Second, using a domain‐specific language for scheduling code helps prevent several of the common programming mistakes that are easy to make when developing thread schedulers. Finally, the CATAPULTS translator has multiple backends that generate code for different languages and libraries. This makes it easy to prototype an application in a high‐level language and then later port it to a low‐level language; the CATAPULTS translator will take care of generating the appropriate code for both the prototype and the final version of the program from a single scheduler specification. This paper describes how we have used CATAPULTS to improve the performance of two important and representative Internet server applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon Nanoparticles as Chromophores for Photon Harvesting and Photoconversion
Authors: Xu Juan , Sahu Sushant , Cao Li , Anilkumar Parambath , Tackett Kenneth N. , Qian Haijun , Bunker Christopher E. , Guliants Elena A. , Parenzan Alexander , Sun Ya‐Ping 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials have generated a tremendous amount of attention in the scientific community. While most of the research and development efforts have been on fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene sheets, carbon nanoparticles (which are often considered as impurities or unwanted complications in the other carbon nanomaterials) have recently emerged as a unique class of highly fluorescent nano‐dots. However, little or no attention has been paid to potential uses of carbon nanoparticles as chromophores in photochemical reactions or for photon harvesting and photoconversion in general. In the study reported herein we demonstrate the chromophore‐equivalent functions of aqueous‐suspended small carbon nanoparticles in harvesting visible photons for the reductive coating of the nanoparticles with silver and gold and, as a result, the preparation of unique carbon–noble‐metal core–shell nanostructures.
Growth and characterization of isotopically enriched 40Ca100MoO4 single crystals for rare event search experiments
Authors: Alenkov V. V. , Buzanov O. A. , Khanbekov N. , Kim S. K. , Kim H. J. , Kornoukhov V. N. , Kraus H. , Mikhailik V. B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCalcium molybdate is considered as a very promising scintillator material for experimental studies of rare processes. This paper reports on the production and characterization of a 40Ca100MoO4 scintillator. Using the Czochralski technique, a crystal of high optical quality with total mass 0.55 kg, 42 mm diameter (minimum) and 53 mm 1ength of the cylindrical section was produced from isotopically enriched raw materials, containing 96.1% of 100Mo and 99.964% of 40Ca. To satisfy the requirement of low intrinsic radioactivity the purity of the materials was monitored at different stages of the production process and it is shown that the concentration of 238U and 232Th in the final crystal does not exceed 0.05 ppb. The scintillation properties of 40Ca100MoO4 were measured over the 8 – 300 K temperature range and it is found that the light yield of the 40Ca100MoO4 crystal is very similar to that of the CaMoO4 reference scintillator. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sampled‐data poles, zeros, and modeling for current‐mode control
Authors: Fang Chung‐Chieh 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYExact and approximate sampled‐data models in closed forms are derived for switching DC–DC converters under peak/valley current‐mode control. The corresponding sampled‐data poles and zeros in closed forms are also derived. The location and stability conditions of the poles and zeros, boundary conditions of subharmonic instability, and nulling of the audio‐susceptibility are also derived. It is proved that the stable operating range of the source voltage is linearly proportional to the ramp slope. The sampled‐data models agree with previous experiment results and accurately predict the subharmonic instability. The different view from the sampled‐data model about the number and stability (minimum phase) of pole and zero does not necessarily invalidate the traditional continuous‐time averaged model. However, this different view gives better prediction about converter dynamics and is useful for the analog or digital controller design for DC–DC converters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of an interleaved pulse‐width modulation converter for renewable energy conversion
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Chao Chia‐Hung , Chiang Yen‐Ju 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents an interleaved soft switching converter to achieve the features of zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on for power switches, zero current switching turn‐off for rectifier diodes at full load, less transformer secondary winding with full‐wave diode rectifier topology, and balance primary currents with series connection of the transformer secondary windings. Two circuit modules are adopted in the proposed circuit, and they are operated with an interleaved pulse‐width modulation. Thus, ripple currents at the input and output sides are reduced. In each module, two ZVS converters using the same switches are operated with interleaved half switching cycle. The secondary windings of transformers are connected in series in order to ensure that the primary side currents are balanced. The full‐wave diode rectifier topology is used on the output side such that the voltage stress of rectifier diodes equals output voltage, rather than being two times the output voltage as in a conventional center‐tapped rectifier topology. Laboratory experiments with a 1000‐W prototype are provided to describe the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Notch‐regulated ankyrin repeat protein is required for proper anterior–posterior somite patterning in mice
Authors: Krebs Luke T. , Bradley Cara K. , Norton Christine R. , Xu Jingxia , Oram Kathleen F. , Starling Christa , Deftos Michael L. , Bevan Michael J. , Gridley Thomas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Notch‐regulated ankyrin repeat protein (Nrarp) is a component of a negative feedback system that attenuates Notch pathway‐mediated signaling. In vertebrates, the timing and spacing of formation of the mesodermal somites are controlled by a molecular oscillator termed the segmentation clock. Somites are also patterned along the rostral‐caudal axis of the embryo. Here, we demonstrate that Nrarp‐deficient embryos and mice exhibit genetic background‐dependent defects of the axial skeleton. While progression of the segmentation clock occurred in Nrarp‐deficient embryos, they exhibited altered rostrocaudal patterning of the somites. In Nrarp mutant embryos, the posterior somite compartment was expanded. These studies confirm an anticipated, but previously undocumented role for the Nrarp gene in vertebrate somite patterning and provide an example of the strong influence that genetic background plays on the phenotypes exhibited by mutant mice. genesis 50:366–374, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sometimes stories sell: When are narrative appeals most likely to work?
Authors: Thompson Rose , Haddock Geoffrey 
Published: October 2011

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that narratives can be effective in eliciting attitude change, especially when recipients become transported into the narrative. In three studies, we addressed whether some people are predisposed to be influenced by narratives and whether narrative and rhetorical appeals are differentially effective for different people. In Study 1, participants read an experimental or a control narrative, and completed measures of attitudes, need for affect (NFA), need for cognition (NFC), transportation, and transportability. The results revealed that NFA and NFC were positively correlated with transportation and transportability. In Study 2, participants read either a narrative appeal or a rhetorical appeal about cervical cancer and completed a measure of attitudes and the individual difference constructs. Study 3 was a replication of Study 2 using a different topic (organ donation). In both studies, the results revealed a consistent pattern of correlations among the individual difference measures. Further, we found that although the narrative and rhetorical appeals were judged to be of equal efficacy, the persuasiveness of the narrative appeal differed as function of individual differences in NFA and NFC. The implications for narrative persuasion are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistence of attitude change and attitude–behavior correspondence based on extensive processing of source information
Authors: Pierro Antonio , Mannetti Lucia , Kruglanski Arie W. , Klein Kristen , Orehek Edward 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA three‐phase longitudinal study (spread over a month's time) was carried out to investigate attitude's persistence and linkage to behavior as it may be affected by the processing of information about the communication source. The following three independent variables were manipulated: (i) contents of the source of information (implying the communicator to be expert or inexpert on the topic of the communication); (ii) length of the source information (brief versus lengthy); and (iii) message recipients' involvement in the issue at hand (high versus low). Replicating prior research when the source information was brief, it exerted greater persuasive impact under low versus high involvement, and when it was lengthy, it exerted greater persuasive impact under high versus low involvement. Of greater importance, the newly acquired attitudes were more persistent and were linked more strongly to actual behavior when the source information was lengthy (versus brief) provided the recipients had high (versus low) involvement in the issue. These findings were interpreted to mean that just like with the message/issue information in prior research, when processed extensively, source information, too, may contribute to the formation of persistent and behavior‐driving attitudes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards Ion‐Selective Membranes with Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Detection: Visualizing Selective Ru(bpy)32+ Transport Across a Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Membrane
Authors: Crespo Gastón A. , Mistlberger Günter , Bakker Eric 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report here on an attractive concept to integrate electrochemically triggered ion‐selective transport across an ion‐selective plasticized PVC membrane and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) as a detection technique. This will eventually form the basis for an alternate transduction mechanism for electrochemical ion sensors. To this end, the selective extraction of the ECL reagent Ru(bpy)32+ is demonstrated by an o‐NPOE plasticized PVC membrane doped with lipophilic cation‐exchanger. Chemical imaging of Ru(bpy)32+ electrotransported across the PVC membrane demonstrates the feasibility of this concept as a future trend for two dimensional ion sensing.
Preparative‐scale isoelectric trapping by recursive electrophoresis in a compartmentalized system having orthogonal primary and secondary pH gradients. Part 2 – Operation in cascade mode
Authors: North Robert Y. , Vigh Gyula 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA parallel multicompartmental electrolyzer recently developed for preparative‐scale isoelectric trapping separations, trapping by recursive electrophoresis in a compartmentalized system, was set up to operate as a cascade of binary separations to produce at least one pure target ampholyte (or more, with additional separation heads) without other ampholytes ever entering (even transiently) the harvest stream. This mode of operation avoids the need for exhaustive electrophoresis and the accompanying long separation times brought about by the exponentially decreasing concentrations over the course of batch separations. Continuous operation can be achieved in the cascade mode by continuously feeding the sample into the first separation head configured with three flow‐through compartments and continuously harvesting one (or more) target components in additional separation heads configured with two flow‐through compartments, attached to the respective branching points.