bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis reveals the strategies of Bacillus thuringiensis YBT‐1520 for survival under long‐term heat stress
Authors: Wu Dandan , He Jin , Gong Yuhua , Chen Deju , Zhu Xiaoli , Qiu Ning , Sun Ming , Li Mingshun , Yu Ziniu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been widely used for 50 years as a safe biopesticide for controlling agricultural and sanitary insect pests because of its insecticidal crystal proteins. In this study a proteomic approach was used to investigate the responses and survival strategies of Bt YBT‐1520 under a long‐term heat stress condition (42°C). Heat stress mainly influenced the characteristics of YBT‐1520 on four aspects: (i) the abilities to synthesise insecticidal crystal proteins and other potential pathogenic factors were almost lost, (ii) cell adhesion and motility were also lost, (iii) cell did not sporulate, (iv) cell kept accumulating poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Proteomic analyses to the physiological changes of the strain revealed three strategies of YBT‐1520 for survival under long‐term heat stress. The first strategy is to up‐regulate enzymes (BDH1, GuaB and PepA) for long‐term heat stress tolerance. The second one is to down‐regulate metabolic enzymes to reduce metabolic burden. The third strategy is to increase the synthesis and accumulation of PHB. Under heat stress condition, the bacterium adjusted its metabolism by up‐/down‐regulation and continuous accumulation of PHB. These strategies would help cells to gain more tolerance to heat stress.
Comparative evaluation of label‐free SINQ normalized spectral index quantitation in the central proteomics facilities pipeline
Authors: Trudgian David C. , Ridlova Gabriela , Fischer Roman , Mackeen Mukram M. , Ternette Nicola , Acuto Oreste , Kessler Benedikt M. , Thomas Benjamin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNormalized spectral index quantification was recently presented as an accurate method of label‐free quantitation, which improved spectral counting by incorporating the intensities of peptide MS/MS fragment ions into the calculation of protein abundance. We present SINQ, a tool implementing this method within the framework of existing analysis software, our freely available central proteomics facilities pipeline (CPFP). We demonstrate, using data sets of protein standards acquired on a variety of mass spectrometers, that SINQ can rapidly provide useful estimates of the absolute quantity of proteins present in a medium‐complexity sample. In addition, relative quantitation of standard proteins spiked into a complex lysate background and run without pre‐fractionation produces accurate results at amounts above 1 fmol on column. We compare quantitation performance to various precursor intensity‐ and identification‐based methods, including the normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF), exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI), MaxQuant, and Progenesis LC‐MS. We anticipate that the SINQ tool will be a useful asset for core facilities and individual laboratories that wish to produce quantitative MS data, but lack the necessary manpower to routinely support more complicated software workflows. SINQ is freely available to obtain and use as part of the central proteomics facilities pipeline, which is released under an open‐source license.
Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of copolymers based on bithiophene and bithiazole
Authors: Zhang Maojie , Fan Haijun , Guo Xia , Yang Yang , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Zhang Jing , Zhan Xiaowei , Li Yongfang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThree simple structured D‐A copolymers, PBTBTz‐1, PBTBTz‐2, and PBTBTz‐3, containing bithiophene (BT) donor unit and bithiazole (BTz) acceptor unit with different alkyl chain length were synthesized by the Pd‐catalyzed Stille‐coupling method. The copolymers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, UV–vis absorption, electrochemical cyclic voltammetry, and photovoltaic measurements. The results indicate that the introduction of BTz unit to the polythiophene main chain effectively decreases highest occupied molecular orbital levels of the copolymers and increases the open circuit voltage (Voc) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on the copolymers as donor, and the alkyl chain length influences the photovoltaic properties of the polymers significantly. The PSCs based on PBTBTz‐2 and PBTBTz‐3 show higher Voc up to 0.77 and 0.81 V, respectively. The power conversion efficiency of the PSC based on PBTBTz‐2:PC70BM = 1:1(w/w) reached 2.58% with short circuit current of 8.70 mA/cm2, under the illumination of AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
SET–LRP of N‐isopropylacrylamide in the presence of chain transfer agent
Authors: Turan Eylem , Caykara Tuncer 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this study, single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET–LRP) of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in the presence of 2‐mercaptoethylamine chain transfer agent (CTA) was carried out by Cu(0) generated in situ from the disproportionation of CuBr/2,2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐bpy) in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at 90 °C. Analysis of polymerization kinetics in the presence of CTA showed that the premature termination of growing polymer chains leads to retardation. The apparent rate constant of polymerization (k) decreased from 4.49 × 10−4 to 2.59 × 10−4 min−1 with increasing CTA concentration. The initiator efficiency (Ieff) and the chain transfer constant (Cs) were found to be 0.524 and 0.286, respectively. The molecular weights of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) [poly(NIPAM)] produced were significantly higher than the predicted values, and the polydispersities were less than 1.22. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Alternating copolymerization of bis(hexafluoroisopropyl) fumarate with styrene and vinyl pentafluorobenzoate: Transparent and low refractive index polymers
Authors: Teng Hongxiang , Liu Weihong , Koike Yasuhiro , Okamoto Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBis(hexafluoroisopropyl) fumarate (BHFIPF) did not homopolymerize with free radical initiators. However, BHFIPF yielded alternating copolymers with styrene in bulk with Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator. The monomer reactivity ratios of BHFIPF (M1) and styrene (M2) were calculated as r1 = 0.00 and r2 = 0.02. BHFIPF also copolymerized with vinyl pentafluorobenzoate (VPFB) in bulk and in pentafluoroisopropanol solution to produce an alternating copolymer. The reactivity ratios of BHFIPF (M1) with VPFB (M2) were r1 = 0.00 and r2 = 0.05 in bulk and r1 = 0.01 and r2 = 0.11 in pentafluoroisopropanol, respectively. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the BHFIPF‐styrene and BHFIPF‐VPFB copolymers were 107 and 86 °C, respectively. The BHFIPF‐styrene copolymer was thermally stable, and the thermal degradation temperature (Td) was 400 °C, whereas the Td of BHFIPF‐VPFB copolymer was 240 °C. The films obtained by casting from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions of these copolymers were flexible and transparent. Their refractive indices were 1.4048 for the BHFIPF‐styrene copolymer, and 1.3980 for the BHFIPF‐VPFB copolymer at 633 nm, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
The influence of electron deficient unit and interdigitated packing shape of new polythiophene derivatives on organic thin‐film transistors and photovoltaic cells
Authors: Kong Hoyoul , Cho Shinuk , Lee Dong Hoon , Cho Nam Sung , Park Moo‐Jin , Jung In Hwan , Park Jong‐Hwa , Park Chan Eon , Shim Hong‐Ku 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of new polythiophene derivatives containing a thiazole ring as an electron deficient unit were successfully synthesized via Stille coupling reactions. Synthesized polymers were classified into two types (H‐shape packing and A‐shape packing) based on their interdigitated packing structure induced by different side chain configurations. The thiophene derivatives that contained a thiazole unit (PT50Tz50, PTz100, and PTTz) exhibited much better thermal stability than did the full thiophene polymers (PT100 and PTT). The polymers containing the thiazole unit (PTz100 and PTTz) showed a red‐shifted absorption spectrum with clear vibronic structure. In addition, the XRD and AFM results showed that the polymers containing the thiazole unit and interdigitated H‐shape exhibited much better ordered and connected intermolecular structures than did other polymers. The improved intermolecular ordering and surface morphologies directly facilitated charge carrier transport in thin film transistor (TFT) devices, without introducing charge traps, and yielded higher solar cell performance. Among these polymers, the PTTz copolymer exhibited the best TFT performance (μ = 0.050 cm2 V−1 s−1, on/off ratio = 106, and Vth = −2 V) and solar cell performance (PCE = 1.39%, Jsc = 6.58 mA cm−2, and Voc = 0.58 V). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Quality of life of younger breast cancer survivors: persistence of problems and sense of well‐being
Authors: Bloom Joan R. , Stewart Susan L. , Oakley‐Girvan Ingrid , Banks Priscilla J. , Shema Sarah 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTen years after diagnosis, women diagnosed with breast cancer at age 50 or younger were assessed to determine whether quality of life (QOL) problems found at five years persisted. We predicted that QOL in the physical and social domains would be poorer, but improvements would be found in the psychological domain.MethodsWe re‐interviewed 312 women, who had been interviewed at their five year anniversary and remained cancer free, on their QOL in three domains (physical, social, and psychological). Comparisons between their 5‐ and 10‐year reports were performed using paired t‐tests for numeric variables and McNemar's test for categorical variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to model change from 5 to 10 years in each QOL domain, given the level of QOL at 5 years.ResultsThe women's mean age was 55, 60% were college graduates, 79% had a partner, and 27% were non‐Euro‐American. Ten years after diagnosis they reported poorer general health (p<0.0001) and physical well‐being (p = 0.001), less sexual activity (p = 0.009), and more chronic conditions (p<0.0001) than at 5 years. Relationships were found between: (1) the number of chronic conditions at 5 years and decreased physical, social, and psychological well‐being at 10 years; and (2) a smaller social network at 5 years and poorer social functioning at 10 years.ConclusionsCertain aspects of both physical and social QOL worsened over time. The remaining question is whether these changes can be attributed to the late effects of treatment or to normal effects of aging.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deposition of Organosilicon Coatings by a Non‐Equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet: Design, Analysis and Macroscopic Scaling Law of the Process
Authors: Pulpytel Jerome , Kumar Virendra , Peng Pu , Micheli Victor , Laidani Nadira , Arefi‐Khonsari Farzaneh 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSilicon oxide based (SiOxCyHz, noted SiOx) coatings are often used in surface engineering for microelectronics, corrosion resistance, barrier to gas permeation through polymeric materials, etc… SiOx coatings can be efficiently deposited by non‐equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma processes, such as DBD or plasma jets. In the present study, the design of experiment (DoE) methodology was used to investigate the influence of process parameters on the characteristics of organosilicon coatings deposited by a non‐equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) from hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and air mixtures. The results obtained were used to create an empirical model to predict the chemical composition of coatings. Among 11 process parameters, the 3 parameters which exhibited the strongest effect on the coating composition were the torch speed, the substrate to nozzle distance and the number of scans. Auger spectroscopy revealed that the carbon content of the thin films was as low as 6 ± 1.7% and AFM analysis showed that smooth coatings (Ra ∼ 2 nm) were obtained even at high dynamic growth rates (∼1 000 nm · m · min−1). A tentative macroscopic scaling law was also formulated to correlate our results with the available literature data. magnified image
TP53INP1 overexpression in prostate cancer correlates with poor prognostic factors and is predictive of biological cancer relapse
Authors: Giusiano Sophie , Garcia Stéphane , Andrieu Claudia , Dusetti Nelson Javier , Bastide Cyrille , Gleave Martin , Taranger‐Charpin Colette , Iovanna Juan Lucio , Rocchi Palma 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDTumor protein 53‐induced nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) is a proapoptotic protein involved in cell stress response. Whereas there is an overexpression of TP53INP1 in numerous tissues submitted to stress agents, TP53INP1 is down‐expressed in stomach, pancreatic, and inflammation–mediated colic carcinomas. In medullary thyroid carcinomas, TP53INP1 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis. TP53INP1 expression has never been reported in Prostate Cancer (PC). Our aim was to investigate variations of TP53INP1 expression and their correlation to clinicopathological parameters in PC.METHODSQuantitative measurements of immunohistochemical expression of TP53INP1 using high‐throughput densitometry, assessed on digitized microscopic tissue micro‐array images, were correlated with clinicopathological parameters in 91 human PC. Treatment of LNCaP tumor cells in vitro with cytokines and with TP53INP1 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) was also analyzed.RESULTSIn normal prostate tissues, TP53INP1 is only expressed in prostate basal cells. There is a de novo TP53INP1 expression in prostate luminal cells in inflammatory prostate tissues, high grade PIN lesions and in PC. Stimulation of LNCaP cells with inflammatory cytokines enhances the level of TP53INP1 mRNA. In PC, TP53INP1 overexpression correlates with high Gleason grade, unfavorable D'Amico score and lymph node invasion, and is an independent factor of biological cancer relapse. Moreover, treatment of LNCaP cells with a TP53INP1 ASO down‐regulates TP53INP1 protein level, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis.CONCLUSIONTP53INP1 overexpression in PC seems to be a worse prognostic factor, particularly predictive of biological cancer relapse. Results in vitro suggest that TP53INP1 could be considered as a relevant target for potential specific therapy. Prostate 72:117–128, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of incidentally detected prostate cancer with screen‐detected prostate cancer treated by prostatectomy
Authors: Wolters Tineke , Montironi Rodolfo , Mazzucchelli Roberta , Scarpelli Marina , Roobol Monique J. , van den Bergh Roderick C.N. , van Leeuwen Pim J. , Hoedemaeker Robert F. , van Leenders Geert J.L.H. , Schröder Fritz H. , van der Kwast Theodorus H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prostate may often harbor a prostate cancer (PC) which will not cause morbidity if left untreated. Screening for PC leads to increased detection of these insignificant cancers. Objective of this study is to compare PC detected by PSA screening at subsequent screening rounds and treated by radical prostatectomy (RP) with PC incidentally found in cystoprostatectomy specimens.METHODSRadical prostatectomy specimens of 617 screen‐detected PC were compared with 123 PC identified in cystoprostatectomy specimens. Surgical specimens were systematically examined and stage, grade, tumor volume were recorded. Next, we classified PC as clinically significant or insignificant (i.e., tumor volume <0.5 cm3, absence of Gleason pattern 4/5, organ confined). Pathological features of incidentally detected PC were compared with PC detected in subsequent screening rounds and with screen‐detected T1c PC.RESULTSScreen‐detected PC overall were more often multifocal, larger in volume, more advanced in tumor stage and of higher grade, while the frequency of insignificant PC was lower as compared to those in cystoprostatectomy specimens. This effect became more pronounced during subsequent screening rounds. Screen‐detected T1c PC were also more often multifocal (73% vs. 37%) in average fivefold larger (0.85 cm3 vs. 0.16 cm3), less often organ confined (81% vs. 94%), and less frequently clinically insignificant (33% vs. 81%).CONCLUSIONS: Screen‐detected (T1c) PC treated with RP shows more aggressive features than incidentally found PC. This PSA screening‐related selection seems to be mainly driven by tumor volume and—in later screening rounds—by the preferential treatment by prostatectomy of more aggressive PC. Prostate 72:108–115, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characteristics of baseline PSA and PSA velocity in young men without prostate cancer: Racial differences
Authors: Tang Ping , Du Wei , Xie Keji , Fu Jingao , Chen Hui , Yang Wenjun , Moul Judd W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDBaseline prostate specific antigen (PSA) and PSA velocity used to stratify subsequent prostate cancer risk in young men may not directly applicable to all populations. We sought to compare the baseline PSA and PSA velocity among ethnic groups.PATIENTS AND METHODSChinese, African‐American (AA), and Caucasian‐American (CA) men aged ≤50 years old without prostate cancer were used to identify baseline PSA and PSA velocity. The differences of baseline PSA and PSA velocity between races were assessed. The important cutoffs of baseline PSA and PSA velocity were used to stratify patients among races.RESULTSFour thousand two hundred six Chinese, 997 AA, and 2,030 CA were included. The rates of baseline PSA of ≥1.0, ≥2.5, and ≥4.0 ng/ml was 24.4%, 4.2%, and 2.1% in Chinese, 30.7%, 5.2%, and 1.8% in AA, 29.7%, 5.3%, and 2.8% in CA, respectively. The rates of PSA velocity of ≥0.35, ≥0.75, and ≥1.0 ng/ml/year was 6.0%, 3.1%, and 2.6% in Chinese, 5.3%, 2.3%, and 1.7% in AA, 5.4%, 3.5%, and 3.3% in CA, respectively. Chinese had a lower baseline PSA and higher PSA velocity as compared to AA and CA. Baseline PSA and PSA velocity in AA had no statistical differences as compared to CA.CONCLUSIONSThe distributions of baseline PSA and PSA velocity in young men among Chinese, AA, and CA races are different. These characteristics shall be taken into account when using these variables to stratify risk of prostate cancer in young men. Prostate 72:173–180, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk‐adjusted incidence rates for prostate cancer in the United States
Authors: Merrill Ray M. , Sloan Arielle 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDRisk‐adjusted incidence rates (RAIRs) are population‐based cancer incidence rates that reflect those who have never had the cancer but are at risk of developing it. This study compares RAIRS with conventionally reported incidence rates for prostate cancer.METHODSA retrospective cohort design was used, based on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries, with focus on white and black malignant prostate cancer cases in the years 2000–2007. RAIRs use only the first primary cancer and adjust for cancer prevalence in order to obtain a better population‐based measure of cancer risk.RESULTSConventionally reported prostate cancer incidence rates underestimate risk for white males by from 0.1% in the age group 40–49 to 20.1% in the age group 80 years and older. In black males, conventional rates underestimate risk by 0.2% in the age group 30–39 to 26.4% in the age group 80 years and older. Trends in RAIRs from 2000 to 2007 increased in the age group 30–49 (17.0% for whites and 14.8% for blacks), decreased in the age group 50–69 (−4.5% for whites and −5.9% for blacks), and decreased in the age group 70 and older (−15.8% for whites and −26.5% for blacks). Trends in RAIRs were similar or less pronounced than trends in conventional rates. The estimated number of cases in the United States in 2007 based on RAIRS was 9.0% greater for whites and 11.3% greater for blacks than when based on conventional rates.CONCLUSIONProstate cancer incidence rates that include second and later prostate cancer primaries and adjust for prevalence better reflect cancer burden, whereas, prostate cancer incidence rates that only include the first diagnosed case and adjust for prevalence better reflect cancer risk. Prostate 72:181–185, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lymphatic spread of nodal metastases in high‐risk prostate cancer: The ascending pathway from the pelvis to the retroperitoneum
Authors: Briganti Alberto , Suardi Nazareno , Capogrosso Paolo , Passoni Niccolò , Freschi Massimo , di Trapani Ettore , Gallina Andrea , Capitanio Umberto , Abdollah Firas , Tutolo Manuela , Bianchi Marco , Salonia Andrea , Da Pozzo Luigi Filippo , Montorsi Francesco , Rigatti Patrizio 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to map the nodal metastases distribution in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer (PCa) treated with extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (rLND) at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP).MATERIALS AND METHODSThis prospective mapping study included 19 patients with high‐risk PCa (sharing at least two out of the three following parameters: PSA >20 ng/ml, cT3, biopsy Gleason score ≥8). All patients were treated with RP, ePLND (removal of the obturator, hypogastric, external iliac, presacral, and common iliac lymph nodes) and rLND (removal of para‐aortal/para‐caval and inter‐aorto‐caval lymph nodes) by a single surgeon. All patients signed an informed consent highlighting the absence of clinical data supporting the benefit of this surgical approach.RESULTSOverall, 18 out of 19 patients (94.7%) had pelvic lymph node invasion. The most commonly affected pelvic nodal landing site was obturator (88.8%), followed by external iliac (83.3%), common iliac (77%), hypogastric (44.4%), and presacral (33.3%). Moreover, 14 (77.8%) patients also had involvement of retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Only patients with positive common iliac lymph nodes having at least five positive lower pelvic lymph nodes (n = 14), also had invariably positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes. No patients with negative common iliac lymph nodes had positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes.CONCLUSIONSPCa lymphatic spread ascends from the pelvis up to the retroperitoneum invariably through common iliac lymph nodes. PCa lymphatic spread can be divided in two main levels: pelvic and common iliac plus retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Prostate 72:186–192, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.