bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early determinants for the development of undernutrition in an older general population: Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam
Authors: Schilp Janneke , Wijnhoven Hanneke A. H. , Deeg Dorly J. H. , Visser Marjolein 
Published: March 2011

Undernutrition may be an important modifiable risk factor for poor clinical outcomes in older individuals. To achieve earlier detection or prevention of undernutrition, more information is needed about risk factors for the development of undernutrition in community-dwelling older individuals. The objective was to identify early determinants of incident undernutrition in a prospective population-based study. Baseline data (1992–3) on socio-economic, psychological, medical, functional, lifestyle and social factors of 1120 participants aged 65–85 years of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used. Undernutrition, defined as a BMI < 20 kg/m2 or self-reported involuntary weight loss ≥ 5 % in the last 6 months, was assessed every 3 years during a 9-year follow-up period. Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis was used to investigate the association between early determinants at baseline and incident undernutrition. In 9 years, 156 participants (13·9 %) developed undernutrition. In univariate analyses, female sex, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, multiple chronic diseases, high medication use (women), poor appetite, no alcohol use v. light alcohol use, loneliness, not having a partner, limitations in performing normal activities due to a health problem, low physical performance (participants aged < 75 years) and reporting difficulties walking stairs (participants aged < 75 years) were statistically significantly associated with incident undernutrition. In a multivariate model, poor appetite and reporting difficulties walking stairs (participants aged < 75 years) remained early determinants. The results of the present study can be used to identify subgroups of older individuals with increased risk of undernutrition and to identify modifiable determinants for the purpose of prevention of undernutrition.
Curves of infinite length in labyrinth fractals
Authors: Cristea Ligia L. , Steinsky Bertran 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe define an infinite class of fractals, called horizontally and vertically blocked labyrinth fractals, which are dendrites and special Sierpiński carpets. Between any two points in the fractal there is a unique arc α; the length of α is infinite and the set of points where no tangent to α exists is dense in α.
Very slow grow-up of solutions of a semi-linear parabolic equation
Authors: Fila Marek , King John R. , Winkler Michael , Yanagida Eiji 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe consider large-time behaviour of global solutions of the Cauchy problem for a parabolic equation with a supercritical nonlinearity. It is known that the solution is global and unbounded if the initial value is bounded by a singular steady state and decays slowly. In this paper we show that the grow-up of solutions can be arbitrarily slow if the initial value is chosen appropriately.
Polystoma nacialtuneli n. sp. (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from the eastern spadefoot, Pelobates syriacus (Pelobatidae) in Turkey
Authors: Yildirimhan H.S. , Du Preez L.H. , Verneau O. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPolystoma nacialtuneli n. sp. is described from the urinary bladder of the eastern spadefoot, Pelobates syriacus from Turkey. This is the fifth polystome species known from Turkey and the third species in Pelobates. We show that this new parasite species can be distinguished from other polystome species in the area by a combination of characteristics, including parasite size and the shape and size of the hamuli. Polystoma pelobatis from Pelobates cultripes has a pair of well-developed hamuli, while P. fuscus from Pe. fuscus characteristically has a pair of underdeveloped hamuli barely larger than the marginal hooklets. Polystoma nacialtuneli n. sp. has well-developed hamuli that vary significantly in shape. Phylogenetic relationships of P. nacialtuneli n. sp. within Polystoma, supplemented with molecular divergences estimated from internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences, indicate that they are well separated from their closest relatives, i.e. P. fuscus and P. pelobatis from Pe. fuscus and Pe. cultripes, respectively.
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: report of 18 cases
Authors: Choussy O , Bertrand M , François A , Blot E , Hamidou H , Dehesdin D 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the clinical course and pathological characteristics of basaloid head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Method:Retrospective study of 18 cases of basaloid head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Epidemiological, clinical and histological data were analysed and the Kaplan–Meier test used to estimate survival rates.Results:The majority of lesions were at an advanced stage. These lesions were primarily localised in the larynx, hypopharynx and oropharynx. Routine pre-therapeutic assessment of squamous cell carcinoma was performed. Pathological diagnosis was difficult, although immunostaining was extremely useful. Positive staining for KL1, MNF 116 and 34βE12 and negative immunostaining for chromogranin and synaptophysin were also important factors in obtaining a definitive diagnosis. In the majority of cases, treatment involved surgery and radiotherapy. The five-year survival rate was 5 per cent.Conclusion:Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon head and neck lesion, with a challenging histological diagnosis. These lesions must be carefully monitored due to their aggressive course, and require multimodality treatment.
When the decision is what to decide: Using evidence inventory reports to focus health technology assessments
Authors: Mitchell Matthew D. , Williams Kendal , Kuntz Gretchen , Umscheid Craig A. 
Published: March 2011

Objectives: Health systems frequently make decisions regarding acquisition and use of new technologies. It is desirable to base these decisions on clinical evidence, but often these technologies are used for multiple indications and evidence of effectiveness for one indication does not prove effectiveness for all. Here, we describe two examples of evidence inventory reports that were performed for the purposes of identifying how much and what type of published clinical evidence was available for a given technology, and the contexts in which those technologies were studied.Methods: The evidence inventory reports included literature searches for systematic reviews and health technology assessment (HTA) reports, and systematic searches of the primary literature intended to count and categorize published clinical studies. The reports did not include analysis of the primary literature.Results: The inventory reports were completed in 3 to 4 days each and were approximately ten pages in length, including references. Reports included tables listing the number of reported studies by specific indication for use, and whether or not there were randomized trials. Reports also summarized findings of existing systematic reviews and HTA reports, when available. Committees used the inventory reports to decide for which indications they wanted a full HTA report.Conclusions: Evidence inventory reports are a form of rapid HTA that can give decision makers a timely understanding of the available evidence upon which they can base a decision. They can help HTA providers focus subsequent reports on topics that will have the most influence on healthcare decision making.
Templated nucleoside triphosphate binding to a noncatalytic site on RNA polymerase regulates transcription
Authors: Kennedy Scott R. , Erie Dorothy A. 
Published: March 2011

The regulation of RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase (RNAP) is essential for proper gene expression. Crystal structures of RNAP reveal two channels: the main channel that contains the downstream DNA and a secondary channel that leads directly to the catalytic site. Although nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) have been seen only in the catalytic site and the secondary channel in these structures, several models of transcription elongation, based on biochemical studies, propose that template-dependent binding of NTPs in the main channel regulates RNA synthesis. These models, however, remain controversial. We used transient state kinetics and a mutant of RNAP to investigate the role of the main channel in regulating nucleotide incorporation. Our data indicate that a NTP specific for the
i
+ 2 template position can bind to a noncatalytic site and increase the rate of RNA synthesis and that the NTP bound to this site can be shuttled directly into the catalytic site. We also identify fork loop 2, which lies across from the downstream DNA, as a functional component of this site. Taken together, our data support the existence of a noncatalytic template-specific NTP binding site in the main channel that is involved in the regulation of nucleotide incorporation. NTP binding to this site could promote high-fidelity processive synthesis under a variety of environmental conditions and allow DNA sequence-mediated regulatory signals to be communicated to the active site.
Quantifying fishers' and citizens' support for Dutch flatfish management policy
Authors: Groeneveld Rolf A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGroeneveld, R. A. 2011. Quantifying fishers' and citizens' support for Dutch flatfish management policy. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 919–928. Fisheries policy is most effective when supported by fishers and the general public. Dutch citizens' and fishers' support for a selection of policy alternatives to enhance the sustainability of the Dutch North Sea cutter fleet is estimated, and the same groups' support for policy alternatives is expressed in monetary terms. A stated-choice survey was held among a representative sample of the Dutch population to assess their average willingness to pay for a selection of policy objectives, and among Dutch flatfish fishers to estimate their willingness to accept a selection of policy measures. The results indicate that citizens are most concerned about the impact of beam trawling on benthic megafauna, because they are on average willing to pay €21.46 per year to reduce the impact, but reducing fishing pressure in the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) spawning period and restoring spawning-stock biomass of plaice and sole (Solea solea) to the levels of maximum sustainable yield are also supported. Fishers seem to support enhanced fines for the use of illegal fishing gear, but they are most opposed to increasing the minimum landing size of sole.
Effect of Growing Environment of Soft Wheats on Amylose Content and Its Relationship with Cookie and Sponge Cake Quality and Solvent Retention Capacity
Authors: Nishio Zenta , Miyazaki Yuri , Seki Masako , Ito Miwako , Tabiki Tadashi , Nagasawa Koichi , Yamauchi Hiroaki , Miura Hideho 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe effect of growing environments of soft wheat on amylose content and its relationship with baking quality and solvent retention capacities (SRC) was investigated. Near‐isogenic soft wheat lines of Norin 61 differing in granule‐bound starch synthase (Wx protein) activity and grown in three different regions of Japan: Hokkaido (spring‐sown) for 2006 and 2007, Kanto (autumn‐sown), and Kyushu (autumn‐sown) for 2007 were evaluated. Spring‐sown samples produced grains of greater protein content (10.9–12.4%) than autumn‐sown samples (7.3–9.1%). In contrast, spring‐sown samples of 2007 with higher maturing temperature had lower amylose content (25.5% for Norin 61) compare to the autumn‐sown and spring‐sown samples of 2006 (27.6–28.4% for Norin 61). Amylose content was strongly correlated to sugar snap cookie (SSCD) diameter (r = 0.957–0.961; n = 10, all samples; P ≤ 0.001, r = 0.701–0.976; n = 7 partial waxy and nonwaxy samples; and Japanese sponge cake (JSCV) volume r = 0.971–0.993; n = 10; P≤ 0.001, r = 0.764–0.922; n = 7 partial waxy and nonwaxy samples), regardless of seeding season and growing conditions. The strength of the JSVC‐amylose relationship (slope) was similar among the three regions, whereas the strength of the SSCD‐amylose relationship was slightly weaker for spring‐sown samples and slightly stronger for partial waxy and nonwaxy autumn‐sown samples. Among of the four solvents (water, solutions of sodium carbonate, sucrose, or lactic acid), water‐SRC showed the greatest correlation to amylose content (r = –0.969 to –0.996; n = 10; P ≤ 0.001, r = –0.629 to –0.983; n = 7 partial waxy and nonwaxy samples), indicated that amylose content can be accurately estimated from the water‐SRC within the samples from the same grown environment.
Single‐Screw Extrusion Processing of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)‐Based Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Feeds
Authors: Ayadi Ferouz Y. , Muthukumarappan Kasiviswanathan , Rosentrater Kurt A. , Brown Michael L. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to investigate the production of balanced diets for juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) feeds. Six isocaloric (≈3.21 kcal/g), isonitrogenous (30.1 ± 0.4% db) ingredient blends were formulated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and appropriate amounts of soybean meal, fish meal, vitamins, and minerals. Extrusion cooking was performed using a laboratory‐scale single‐screw extruder at a constant barrel temperature profile of 40–90–100°C, and a constant screw speed of 230 rpm (24.1 rad/sec). The mass flow rate was determined during processing; it generally increased with progressively higher DDGS content. Additionally, moisture content, water activity, unit density, expansion ratio, compressive strength, compressive modulus, pellet durability index, water stability, and color were extensively analyzed to quantify the effects of DDGS content on the physical properties of the resulting extrudates. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between blends were observed for color and water activity for both the raw material and extrudates, respectively, and for the unit density of the extrudates. There were significant changes in brightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) among the final products when increasing the DDGS content of the blends. Expansion ratio and compressive strength of the extrudates were low. On the other hand, all blends showed high pellet durability (PDI ≥ 96.18%). Overall, it was ascertained that DDGS could be successfully included at rates of <50%, and that each of the ingredient blends resulted in viable, high quality extrudates.
First Report of Phytophthora ramorum Infecting Mistletoe in California
Authors: Riley Kathleen L. , Chastagner Gary A. 
Published: March 2011

In 2005 and 2006, white fir and Douglas-fir growing in a Christmas tree plantation near Los Gatos, CA, under a black walnut tree infected with mistletoe tested positive for Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of Sudden Oak Death. Isolation from a symptomatic mistletoe inflorescence stalk was positive for P. ramorum. In 2007, fresh mistletoe leaves, stems, inflorescence stalks, and berries were inoculated with a zoospore suspension of the mistletoe isolate. All of the plant parts developed symptoms, and P. ramorum was isolated from each of them. This is the first report of an infection of a hemiparasite with P. ramorum. Accepted for publication 20 January 2011. Published 9 February 2011.
Mycobiota on Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.) Seed and Their Caryopsis Decay Potential
Authors: de Luna L. Z. , Kennedy A. C. , Hansen J. C. , Paulitz T. C. , Gallagher R. S. , Fuerst E. P. 
Published: March 2011

Wild oat is a serious weed in cereals that is difficult to control due to long-term survival in the weed seed bank. The mycobiota associated with dormant wild oat (Avena fatua L.) seeds buried for six months in a no-till wheat field were evaluated for their caryopsis decay potential. Of the 118 representative isolates tested, only 15% were found to have caryopsis decay potential. One isolate of Fusarium avenaceum and three isolates of Fusarium culmorum completely decayed wild oat caryopses within two weeks. Only a few isolates were susceptible to the antifungal activity from water or acetone extracts of wild oat hulls, suggesting that soluble chemicals from the hull play a minor role in resistance to decay. The procedures developed here can be used to isolate and screen individual organisms to determine their potential for seed decay and weed biocontrol. Accepted for publication 20 December 2010. Published 10 February 2011.
Evaluation of Soil Fumigants for Management of Verticillium Wilt of Peanut in Texas
Authors: Woodward J. E. , Wheeler T. A. , Cattaneo M. G. , Russell S. A. , Baughman T. A. 
Published: March 2011

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the fumigants chloropicrin and metam sodium on soil populations of Verticillium dahliae, disease incidence, and peanut yield and grade. Chloropicrin was ineffective at reducing soil populations of V. dahliae. The application of chloropicrin provided a 7 to 10% reduction in incidence of Verticillium wilt; however, there was no effect on yield or grade. Applications of metam sodium reduced soil populations of V. dahliae, but did not impact disease incidence, yield, or grade. Although fumigants had a minor effect on V. dahliae and disease incidence, the lack of a response in yield or quality limits the use of these chemicals in a production system. Accepted for publication 13 January 2011. Published 23 March 2011.
Patatin-Related Phospholipase pPLAIIIβ-Induced Changes in Lipid Metabolism Alter Cellulose Content and Cell Elongation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Maoyin , Bahn Sung Chul , Guo Liang , Musgrave William , Berg Howard , Welti Ruth , Wang Xuemin 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The release of fatty acids from membrane lipids has been implicated in various plant processes, and the patatin-related phospholipases (pPLAs) constitute a major enzyme family that catalyzes fatty acid release. The Arabidopsis thaliana pPLA family has 10 members that are classified into three groups. Group 3 pPLAIII has four members but lacks the canonical lipase/esterase consensus catalytic sequences, and their enzymatic activity and cellular functions have not been delineated. Here, we show that pPLAIIIβ hydrolyzes phospholipids and galactolipids and additionally has acyl-CoA thioesterase activity. Alterations of pPLAIIIβ result in changes in lipid levels and composition. pPLAIIIβ-KO plants have longer leaves, petioles, hypocotyls, primary roots, and root hairs than wild-type plants, whereas pPLAIIIβ-OE plants exhibit the opposite phenotype. In addition, pPLAIIIβ-OE plants have significantly lower cellulose content and mechanical strength than wild-type plants. Root growth of pPLAIIIβ-KO plants is less sensitive to treatment with free fatty acids, the enzymatic products of pPLAIIIβ, than wild-type plants; root growth of pPLAIIIβ-OE plants is more sensitive. These data suggest that alteration of pPLAIIIβ expression and the resulting lipid changes alter cellulose content and cell elongation in Arabidopsis.
BROTHER OF LUX ARRHYTHMO Is a Component of theArabidopsisCircadian Clock
Authors: Dai Shunhong , Wei Xiaoping , Pei Liping , Thompson Rebecca L. , Liu Yi , Heard Jacqueline E. , Ruff Thomas G. , Beachy Roger N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBROTHER OF LUX ARRHYTHMO (BOA) is a GARP family transcription factor in Arabidopsis thaliana and is regulated by circadian rhythms. Transgenic lines that constitutively overexpress BOA exhibit physiological and developmental changes, including delayed flowering time and increased vegetative growth under standard growing conditions. Arabidopsis circadian clock protein CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) binds to the evening element of the BOA promoter and negatively regulates its expression. Furthermore, the period of BOA rhythm was shortened in cca1-11, lhy-21 (for LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL), and cca1-11 lhy-21 genetic backgrounds. BOA binds to the promoter of CCA1 through newly identified promoter binding sites and activates the transcription of CCA1 in vivo and in vitro. In transgenic Arabidopsis lines that overexpress BOA, the period length of CCA1 rhythm was increased and the amplitude was enhanced. Rhythmic expression of other clock genes, including LHY, GIGANTEA (GI), and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1), was altered in transgenic lines that overexpress BOA. Rhythmic expression of BOA was also affected in mutant lines of toc1-1, gi-3, and gi-4. Results from these studies indicate that BOA is a critical component of the regulatory circuit of the circadian clock.
Nomenclature and classification of vasculitis: lessons learned from granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis)
Authors: Jennette J C 
Published: March 2011

Summary
Names influence how something is perceived. Diagnostic terms (diagnoses) are the names of diseases that are usually derived either from some distinctive characteristic of the disease or include an eponym recognizing someone who elucidated the disease. No matter how logical and appropriate a name may be, if it is not usable and used it is of no lasting value. This brief commentary focuses on the nomenclature of systemic vasculitides, and uses as a prime example Wegener's granulomatosis, which has been renamed recently ‘granulomatosis with polyangiitis’, in part because of concerns about the suitability of Friedrich Wegener as the source of an eponym. The most distinctive pathological feature of Wegener's granulomatosis is multi-focal necrotizing inflammation that has long been called granulomatosis. The systemic variant of Wegener's granulomatosis also is characterized by inflammation in many different vessels or different types, i.e. polyangiitis. Thus, granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a very appropriate alternative term for Wegener's granulomatosis. This term also is in accord with the name for a closely related vasculitis, i.e. microscopic polyangiitis. Terms that indicate aetiology and pathogenesis, when known, are useful to include in names for diseases (diagnoses). Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) or proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) are implicated in the cause of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and thus also should be specified in the diagnosis (e.g. PR3-ANCA-positive granulomatosis with polyangiitis or MPO-ANCA-positive microscopic polyangiitis). As our understanding of the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and aetiology of vasculitides change over time, the names and approaches for diagnosing these diseases will change accordingly.