bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocervical‐like (Müllerian) mucinous borderline tumours of the ovary are frequently associated with the KRAS mutation
Authors: Kim Kyu‐Rae , Choi Jene , Hwang Jeong‐Eun , Baik Young‐Ae , Shim Jeong Yeon , Kim Yong Man , Robboy Stanley J 
Published: October 2010

Kim K‐R, Choi J, Hwang J‐E, Baik Y‐A, Shim J Y, Kim Y M & Robboy S J (2010) Histopathology57, 587–596 Endocervical‐like (Müllerian) mucinous borderline tumours of the ovary are frequently associated with the KRAS mutationAims:  Clinicopathological aspects of the endocervical‐like mucinous borderline tumour of the ovary (EMBT), including higher frequencies of bilaterality, endometriosis and hormone receptor reactivity, and often admixtures of various Müllerian‐type epithelia, closely resembles endometrioid tumour more than mucinous borderline tumour of the intestinal type (IMBT). Thus, the aims of this study were to determine whether EMBT is really a subtype of mucinous borderline tumours, as shown in the current classification system, and to determine the best classification for EMBT.Methods and results:  The clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 17 EMBTs were analysed, including oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), PTEN, cytokeratins (CK) 7 and 20, and β‐catenin. Additionally, mutational analyses of the KRAS (exon 1) and PTEN genes (all nine exons) were performed in all cases, and the results were compared with literature findings for IMBT and endometrioid tumours. Twelve patients (71%) were confirmed histologically to have endometriosis in one or both ovaries. In seven cases, gradual transitions from endometriotic foci to the EMBT were identified. Immunohistochemically, all cases were reactive for ER and PR, with no nuclear expression of β‐catenin. CK7 positivity was strong in all patients, whereas there was no reactivity for CK20. PTEN reactivity was diffuse in the nuclei of epithelial and underlying stromal cells. Sixty‐nine per cent showed KRAS mutations in exon 1 and codon 12, but no PTEN mutation was identified in any of the nine exons.Conclusion:  Our study suggests that EMBT has features of both mucinous and endometrioid tumours and is an additional tumour type arising in endometriosis. While clinicopathological features of EMBTs are closer to endometrioid tumours, they still have molecular characteristics closer to IMBTs.
LMO2 promotes angiogenesis probably by up‐regulation of bFGF in endothelial cells: an implication of its pathophysiological role in infantile haemangioma
Authors: Sun Zhi‐Jun , Cai Yu , Chen Gang , Wang Rong , Jia Jun , Chen Xin‐Ming , Zheng Li‐Wu , Zhao Yi‐Fang 
Published: October 2010

Sun Z‐J, Cai Y, Chen G, Wang R, Jia J, Chen X‐M, Zheng L‐W & Zhao Y‐F (2010)Histopathology57, 622–632 LMO2 promotes angiogenesis probably by up‐regulation of bFGF in endothelial cells: an implication of its pathophysiological role in infantile haemangiomaAims: Infantile haemangiomas (IHs) are common benign vascular tumours distinctive for their perinatal presentation, rapid growth during the first year of life and subsequent slow involution. Recent research has indicated that endothelial cells of haemangiomas express LIM‐only protein 2 (LMO2). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of LMO2 in the pathogenesis of IHs was investigated.Methods and results: Immunoreactivity of LMO2 was assessed in specimens of 19 IH. Stable transfection of LMO2 into human endothelial cell lines (EAhy926) was performed to evaluate the role of LMO2 in terms of the change in cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell migration as well as the expression level of angiogenic factors. Immunoreactivity for LMO2 was detected in all IH specimens, specifically in the nucleus of the endothelial cells. The intensity of LMO2 immunostaining decreased significantly from proliferative to involuting stages. Furthermore, the overexpression of LMO2 enhanced the proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and promoted G0/G1–S‐phase transitionin vitro, together with an up‐regulation of bFGF expression.Conclusions: LMO2 probably promotes angiogenesis by up‐regulation of bFGF expression and thereby consequently influences progression of IH.
An integrated review of the literature on challenges confronting the acute care staff nurse in discharge planning
Authors: Nosbusch Jane M , Weiss Marianne E , Bobay Kathleen L 
Published: October 2010

Aims and objectives.  This integrative review presents and synthesises previous research investigating practices, perceptions and experiences of bedside staff nurses relative to hospital discharge planning.Background.  Preparation for hospital discharge should begin at or prior to admission. Forces in the acute care environment, however, often impede comprehensive discharge planning. Evidence‐based redesign of discharge planning processes is a priority for nurses and health care leaders.Design.  An integrative review.Method.  The review was undertaken using eleven search terms to electronically scan CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and Dissertations and Theses databases for the period 1990–2009. Hand searching of reference lists and author searches was also conducted. Sixty English language articles were reviewed; 38 of these 60 publications met the study inclusion criteria.Results.  Seven themes were identified across the studies. These themes were intra‐ and interdisciplinary communication; systems and structures; time; role confusion; care continuity; knowledge; and the invisibility of the staff nurse role in discharge planning.Conclusions.  Acute care bedside nurses frequently encounter significant barriers while providing discharge‐related care. Although these barriers have been identified consistently in numerous studies spanning nearly two decades, few published reports address interventions designed to overcome identified obstacles and inefficiencies. Additional discharge planning redesign initiatives, which include rigorous evaluation of patient outcomes, are needed.Relevance to clinical practice.  As the direct caregivers with the most consistent presence and knowledge of patients’ postdischarge needs, acute care bedside staff nurses play a critical role in preparing patients and families for the transition from hospital to home. Nurses are uniquely positioned to identify barriers and opportunities in discharge planning processes and contribute significantly to evidence‐based reform initiatives. Effective and efficient patient‐centred discharge planning processes can facilitate the transition from hospital to home and begin to address the adverse events experienced by some patients in the immediate postdischarge period.
Comparison of prenatal education delivered by nurses in Ankara (Turkey) and New Orleans (USA)
Authors: Ustunsoz Ayfer , Senel Nur , Pollock Christine A 
Published: October 2010

Aim.  This research was planned to compare prenatal education delivered by nurses in Ankara (Turkey) and New Orleans (USA).Background.  Prenatal education can increase awareness and improve the knowledge about risks factors and complications of pregnant women. Therefore, prenatal education is an important determinant of improved health outcomes of infants and of reduced maternal mortality.Design.  A descriptive survey.Methods.  This descriptive study was performed in various obstetrics clinics and antenatal outpatient clinics between April 2002–April 2003. The sample included all graduate nurses in prenatal units who gave their informed consent to participate. A demographic data form to collect data and a prenatal education checklist were prepared by the investigator.Results.  There was a significant difference in the educational levels of the nurses both in nursing education and in special courses as preparation to present prenatal education. The topics addressed during the prenatal education also differ significantly. The nurses in the USA mostly had a master’s degree, while the nurses in Turkey mostly had two years of education after college. There was a significant difference between the two countries related to the qualification for giving prenatal education and having a certificate.Conclusion.  There was a significant difference between the educational preparation of presenting nurses as well as the content of prenatal education in Ankara, Turkey and New Orleans, USA. Turkish nurses may benefit from an educational programme to prepare them to present prenatal education that may improve the knowledge of pregnant women and eventually lead to reduced maternal and infant mortality.Relevance to clinical practice.  The quality of the care provided by the nurses and midwives working in the prenatal area will increase following specific standardised training for becoming proficient.
Is the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) an appropriate screening tool for use in an alcohol‐dependent population?
Authors: McPherson Andrew , Martin Colin R 
Published: October 2010

Aims.  To examine the psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in selected research to determine the suitability of this instrument for use in an alcohol‐dependent population.Background.  Anxiety and depression represent a significant comorbid problem encountered with alcohol dependency. Effective screening for clinically relevant anxiety and depression is crucial for tailoring effective treatment intervention. However, no guidance exists to suggest the most appropriate screening measure in this clinical group.Design.  Narrative review.Methods.  Three criteria were used: factor analysis, test–retest reliability and internal consistency reliability.Results.  Factor analysis studies highlighted a mostly bi‐dimensional model or a tripartite model, with only a couple of exceptions. Test–retest reliability came from only five studies, and while they all showed significantly positive correlated scores, only one study fulfilled criteria for a good or efficient reliability measure. The last evaluation, internal consistency reliability, faired much better in terms of recommended scores for reliability. Nearly all the studies showed a high level of internal consistency reliability.Conclusion.  It is concluded that the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale is likely to be a suitable screening tool for use in an alcohol‐dependent population.Relevance to clinical practice.  Effective screening for anxiety and depression can significantly enhance treatment efficacy when working with those patients presenting with alcohol dependency. This review suggests that the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale may be an appropriate instrument to use in this group based on observation of the tools measurement characteristics.
Bayesian statistical treatment of the fluorescence of AFLP bands leads to accurate genetic structure inference
Authors: GAGGIOTTI OSCAR E. 
Published: October 2010

Ever since the introduction of allozymes in the 1960s, evolutionary biologists and ecologists have continued to search for more powerful molecular markers to estimate important parameters such as effective population size and migration rates and to make inferences about the demographic history of populations, the relationships between individuals and the genetic architecture of phenotypic variation (Bensch & Akesson 2005; Bonin et al. 2007). Choosing a marker requires a thorough consideration of the trade‐offs associated with the different techniques and the type of data obtained from them. Some markers can be very informative but require substantial amounts of start‐up time (e.g. microsatellites), while others require very little time but are much less polymorphic. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a firmly established molecular marker technique that falls in this latter category. AFLPs are widely distributed throughout the genome and can be used on organisms for which there is no a priori sequence information (Meudt & Clarke 2007). These properties together with their moderate cost and short start‐up time have made them the method of choice for many molecular ecology studies of wild species (Bensch & Akesson 2005). However, they have a major disadvantage, they are dominant. This represents a very important limitation because many statistical genetics methods appropriate for molecular ecology studies require the use of codominant markers. In this issue, Foll et al. (2010) present an innovative hierarchical Bayesian method that overcomes this limitation. The proposed approach represents a comprehensive statistical treatment of the fluorescence of AFLP bands and leads to accurate inferences about the genetic structure of natural populations. Besides allowing a quasi‐codominant treatment of AFLPs, this new method also solves the difficult problems posed by subjectivity in the scoring of AFLP bands.
Extremely high molecular diversity within the East Asian nematode Caenorhabditis sp. 5
Authors: WANG GUO‐XIU , REN SHUANG , REN YUAN , AI HUI , CUTTER ASHER D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMost relatives of the self‐fertilizing hermaphroditic nematode model organism Caenorhabditis elegans reproduce via obligate outbreeding between males and females, which also represents the ancestral mode of reproduction within the genus. However, little is known about the scope of genetic diversity and differentiation within such gonochoristic species, especially those found outside of temperate Europe and North America. It is critical to understand the evolutionary processes operating in these species to provide a framework for deciphering the evolution of hermaphroditism and a baseline for the application of outcrossing Caenorhabditis to problems in evolutionary genetics. Here, we investigate for the first time molecular sequence variation for Caenorhabditis sp. 5, a species found commonly in eastern Asia. We identify enormous levels of standing genetic variation that approach the levels observed in the marine broadcast‐spawning sea squirt, Ciona savignyi. Although we document significant isolation by distance, we demonstrate that the high polymorphism within C. sp. 5 is not because of strong differentiation among populations or to the presence of cryptic species. These findings illustrate that molecular population genetic approaches to studying obligately outbreeding species of Caenorhabditis will prove powerful in identifying and characterizing functionally and evolutionarily important features of the genome.
Mitochondrial Activity and Morphology in Developing Porcine Oocytes and Pre‐implantation Non‐Cultured and Cultured Embryos
Authors: Romek M , Gajda B , Rolka M , Smorąg Z 
Published: October 2010

ContentsMitochondria are important determinants of developmental competence for oocytes and embryos owing to their central role in cellular metabolism, yet mitochondrial activity and morphometry during early porcine development have not been quantified. In this study, we examined the membrane potential Δψm and the surface density Sv(in,m) of the inner mitochondrial membrane in pig oocytes and pre‐implantation embryos using fluorescent probes and confocal microscopy. Mitochondria and their cristae were also examined by transmission electron microscope. Δψm was consistently low from immature oocytes up to morulae and increased significantly in the early blastocyst before decreasing at the expanded blastocyst stage. This stage‐dependent pattern of Δψm changes differs from that reported for other mammals. We also determined that Δψm is lower in cultured when compared to non‐cultured porcine early blastocysts. Sv(in,m) was higher in immature oocytes than mature oocytes and remained constant up to the 4‐ to 8‐cell embryo stage. It increased significantly at morula and early blastocyst stages. No differences in Sv(in,m) were found between developmentally matched non‐cultured and cultured embryos. These results indicate that the inner mitochondrial membrane potential and surface density change significantly during pre‐implantation porcine development in relation to metabolic alterations of the embryo. It is possible that modification of Δψm by manipulating culture conditions may improve the performance of embryos that develop in vitro.
Novice occupational therapists’ perceptions of readiness to undertake fieldwork supervision
Authors: Hunt Kate , Kennedy‐Jones Mary 
Published: October 2010

Aim:  This study investigated new graduate occupational therapists’ perceived readiness for the fieldwork supervisor role at a metropolitan Melbourne Hospital. Methods:  Data from four in‐depth individual interviews and a focus group conducted with seven
Grade 1 occupational therapists were analysed thematically. An iterative process was used to develop themes from the categories of data. Results:  The new graduate occupational therapists’ perceived readiness for supervising students was strongly influenced by a sense of still learning themselves. High expectations were expressed of the supervisory role. Active support and supervision from the workplace and the university are seen as neccessary. Conclusions:  A deeper understanding of the supervisory role and associated skills required for new graduate therapists is needed. Support from senior colleagues and workshops conducted by the university to up‐skill the therapists are recommended.
A case against generalisation of mental health occupational therapy in Australia
Authors: Ceramidas Dagmar M. 
Published: October 2010

Background/aim:  In 2009, the World Federation of Occupational Therapists International Advisory Group on Mental Health conducted a global survey that yielded data on mental health occupational therapy practice. The Australian dataset reflected aspects of the current situation of the Australian mental health occupational therapy workforce. Of particular interest were resource availability, workforce recruitment and retention, and perception of the future of mental health occupational therapy.Methodology:  Using a cross‐sectional survey design, quantitative and qualitative data were gathered electronically over a one‐month period. Manual analysis indicated themes common to mental health occupational therapists across a framework of professional areas.Results:  Findings suggested that role blurring negatively affected workforce retention. Workforce recruitment and retention were complicated by resource shortages. Some Federal Government initiatives were perceived as only partially beneficial to the profession.Conclusions:  Survey respondents believed that mental health occupational therapy was a potential growth area particularly where occupational therapy specific skills were retained.
Getting plugged in: An overview of Internet addiction
Authors: Flisher Caroline 
Published: October 2010

AbstractInternet addiction is not formally recognised as a clinical disorder by the WHO despite increasing evidence that excessive internet use can interfere with daily life and work. There is increasing pressure from Psychologists for Internet addiction to be recognised. This article explores the prevalence, symptoms and management of Internet addiction and the consequences of ignoring the ever growing concerns from public figures and institutions.
Metaplasticity of the human trigeminal blink reflex
Authors: Bologna Matteo , Agostino Rocco , Gregori Bruno , Belvisi Daniele , Manfredi Mario , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlthough synaptic plasticity in the human cerebral cortex is governed by metaplasticity, whether a similar mechanism operates at brainstem level is unknown. In this study in healthy humans we examined the effects and interactions induced by pairing supraorbital nerve high‐frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) protocols on the R2 component of the trigeminal blink reflex [Mao, J.B. & Evinger, C (2001) J Neurosci., 21:RC151(1–4)]. Changes in the R2 component were tested by pairing three different priming stimulation protocols inducing long‐term potentiation (LTP)‐like or long‐term depression (LTD)‐like effects (LTP‐HFS and LTD‐HFS), or no change (CONTROL‐HFS) with a subsequent test LTP‐HFS. Additionally, to examine changes in the R2 component induced by nonspecific factors, two CONTROL‐HFS sessions were paired. Priming LTP‐, LTD‐ or CONTROL‐HFS potentiated, inhibited or left unchanged the area of the R2 component. Regardless of the type of priming LTP‐, LTD‐ or CONTROL‐HFS, the test LTP‐HFS induced negligible differences in the R2 component. When two CONTROL‐HFS sessions were paired, the test CONTROL‐HFS increased the latency and markedly reduced the duration and area of the R2 component. The analysis of the normalized data across the first three experimental sessions, corrected for the inhibitory effects found in the fourth experiment, showed that the test LTP‐HFS potentiated the R2 component area of the trigeminal blink reflex only when preceded by a priming LTD‐HFS. We propose that homosynaptic metaplasticity might operate in the brainstem circuitry of the blink reflex.
Stereo correspondence is optimized for large viewing distances
Authors: Phillipson Graeme P. , Read Jenny C. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStereo ‘3D’ vision depends on correctly matching up the differing images of objects seen by our two eyes. But vertical disparity between the retinal images changes with binocular eye posture, reflecting for example the different convergence angles required for different viewing distances. Thus, stereo correspondence must either dynamically adapt to take account of changes in viewing distance, or be hard‐wired to perform best at one particular viewing distance. Here, using psychophysical experiments, we show for the first time that human stereo correspondence does not adapt to changes in physical viewing distance. We examine performance on a stereo correspondence task at a short viewing distance (30 cm) and show that performance is improved when we simulate the disparity pattern for viewing infinity, even though these disparities are impossible at the physical viewing distance. We estimate the vertical extent of the retinally fixed ‘search zones’ as < 0.6° at 14° eccentricity, suggesting that most V1 neurons must be tuned to near‐zero vertical disparity. We also show that performance on our stereo task at 14° eccentricity is affected by the pattern of vertical disparity beyond 20° eccentricity, even though this is irrelevant to the task. Performance is best when vertical disparities within and beyond 20° eccentricity both indicate the same convergence angle (even if not the physical angle), than when the pattern of vertical disparity across the visual field is globally inconsistent with any single convergence angle. This novel effect of the periphery may indicate cooperative interactions between disparity‐selective neurons activated by the same eye postures.
Mutualisms in a changing world: an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Toby Kiers E. , Palmer Todd M. , Ives Anthony R. , Bruno John F. , Bronstein Judith L. 
Published: October 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1459–1474AbstractThere is growing concern that rapid environmental degradation threatens mutualistic interactions. Because mutualisms can bind species to a common fate, mutualism breakdown has the potential to expand and accelerate effects of global change on biodiversity loss and ecosystem disruption. The current focus on the ecological dynamics of mutualism under global change has skirted fundamental evolutionary issues. Here, we develop an evolutionary perspective on mutualism breakdown to complement the ecological perspective, by focusing on three processes: (1) shifts from mutualism to antagonism, (2) switches to novel partners and (3) mutualism abandonment. We then identify the evolutionary factors that may make particular classes of mutualisms especially susceptible or resistant to breakdown and discuss how communities harbouring mutualisms may be affected by these evolutionary responses. We propose a template for evolutionary research on mutualism resilience and identify conservation approaches that may help conserve targeted mutualisms in the face of environmental change.