bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Pressure Losses During Injection Molding of Rubber Mixes
Authors: Arrillaga A. , Zaldua A. M. , Atxurra R. M. , Farid A. S. , Farid A. S. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
In order to fill the mold in a rubber injection molding process, it is necessary to inject the material into the closed mold. Rubber is usually injected under ram speed control, but it can be also injected under pressure control. In the present study, we have recorded the signals of pressure at three points during the filling of a spiral shape part. The behaviors of two rubber compounds have been studied using a variety of combinations of process conditions (including mold temperature, mass temperature, ram speed and injection molding with and without pressure holding stage). In all conditions, the transducer located in proximity to the gate exhibits pressure decay at the last stage of mold filling. Initial CAE simulations have been carried out using Moldflow software to check the capability of this sort of software to calculate pressure decay during the filling stage.
Energetics of Organomanganese Compounds
Authors: Liebman Joel F. , Slayden Suzanne W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDiverse aspects of the energetics of organomanganese compounds are considered in this chapter. Bond energies, enthalpies of formation and enthalpies of reaction are discussed. Classical combustion calorimetry plays only a small role compared to reaction calorimetry and techniques from contemporary ion energetics. While carbonyl, cyano, cyclopentadienyl, and benzene derivatives dominate the discussion, species with numerous other σ and/or π‐bonded ligands also appear. Quantitation is given whenever possible.
A bubbling fluidization model using kinetic theory of rough spheres
Authors: Shuai Wang , Zhenhua Hao , Huilin Lu , Goudong Liu , Jiaxing Wang , Pengfei Xu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCollisional motion of inelastic rough spheres is analyzed on the basis of the kinetic theory for flow of dense, slightly inelastic, slightly rough sphere with the consideration of gas–solid interactions. The fluctuation kinetic energy of particles is introduced to characterize the random motion of particles as a measure of the translational and rotational velocities fluctuations. The kinetic energy transport equation is proposed with the consideration of the redistribution of particle kinetic energy between the rotational and translational modes and kinetic energy dissipation by collisions. The solid pressure and viscosity are obtained in terms of the particle roughness and restitution coefficient. The partition of the random‐motion kinetic energy of inelastic rough particles between rotational and translational modes is shown to be strongly affected by the particle restitution coefficient and roughness. Hydrodynamics of gas–solid bubbling fluidized beds are numerically simulated on the basis of the kinetic theory for flow of rough spheres. Computed profiles of particles are in agreement with the experimental measurements in a bubbling fluidized bed. The effect of roughness on the distribution of energy dissipation, kinetic energy, and viscosity of particles is analyzed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Subgrid scale scalar variance in high‐Schmidt‐number turbulence
Authors: Kurose Ryoichi , Takagaki Naohisa , Michioka Takenobu , Kohno Naoki , Komori Satoru 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe subgrid scale (SGS) variance for a high‐Schmidt‐number passive scalar of Sc >> 1 is measured using a high‐resolution planar laser‐induced fluorescence technique in a grid‐generated turbulent liquid flow, and the values of the model coefficients in the scale‐similarity model and the scalar‐gradient model used for estimating the SGS scalar variance are experimentally evaluated. The results show that for both models, the measured values are much larger than the well‐known values obtained in the previous studies done for non‐high‐Sc scalars of Sc ≅ 1. Similarly, the measured value of the model coefficient in the scalar‐gradient model tends to be larger than the value estimated by the dynamic procedure. The increases in the measured values of the model coefficients for the high‐Sc scalar can be explained by the presence of the viscous‐convective range showing a nearly (−1)‐slope in the high‐wavenumber range of the power spectrum of concentration fluctuation. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Thyroid abnormalities in patients treated with lenalidomide for hematological malignancies: Results of a retrospective case review
Authors: Figaro M. Kathleen , Clayton Warren , Usoh Chinenye , Brown Kara , Kassim Adetola , Lakhani Vipul T. , Jagasia Shubhada 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLenalidomide is an antiangiogenic drug associated with hypothyroidism. We describe a case‐series of lenalidomide use in hematological cancers and the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities. We reviewed medical records of patients treated with lenalidomide at a single center form 2005 to 2010 and extracted demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. Of 170 patients with confirmed lenalidomide use (age 64.9±15 years), 148 were treated for multiple myeloma and 6% had thyroid abnormalities attributable only to lenalidomide. In patients with a previous diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction, the addition of lenalidomide therapy was associated with a higher incidence of subsequent TFTF abnormality (17%) as compared to patients with no previous diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction (6%) (P=0.0001). Many patients (44%) with pre‐existing disease and a change in thyroid function before or while on lenalidomide had no further follow‐up of their thyroid abnormalities, Of 20 patients who did not undergo any thyroid finction testing either before starting or while on lenalidomide for a median of 9.4 months (±6.5), 35% developed new symptoms compatible with hypothyroidism, including worsened fating, constipation or cold intolerance. Symptoms of thyroid dysfunction overlap with side effects of lenalidomide. Thyroid hormone levele are not regularly evaluated in patients on lenalidomide. While on this treatment, thyroid abnormalities can occur in patients with no previous diagnoses and in patients with pre‐existing abnormalities. Because symptoms of thyroid dysfunction could be alleviated by appropriate treatment, thyroid function should be evaluated during the course of lenalidomide to improve patients quality of life. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonfasting triglycerides, cholesterol, and ischemic stroke in the general population
Authors: Varbo Anette , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Tybjærg‐Hansen Anne , Schnohr Peter , Jensen Gorm B. , Benn Marianne 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective:Current guidelines on stroke prevention have recommendations on desirable cholesterol levels, but not on nonfasting triglycerides. We compared stepwise increasing levels of nonfasting triglycerides and cholesterol for their association with risk of ischemic stroke in the general population.Methods:A total of 7,579 women and 6,372 men from the Copenhagen City Heart Study with measurements of nonfasting triglycerides and cholesterol at baseline in 1976–1978 were followed for up to 33 years; of these, 837 women and 837 men developed ischemic stroke during follow‐up, which was 100% complete.Results:The fluctuation of nonfasting triglycerides and cholesterol over 15 years was similar. In both women and men, stepwise increasing levels of nonfasting triglycerides were associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. Compared to women with triglycerides <1 mmol/liter, multivariate adjusted hazard ratios ranged from 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–1.7) for triglyceride levels of 1.00–1.99 mmol/liter to 3.9 (95%CI, 1.3–11.1) for triglyceride levels ≥5 mmol/liter (trend: p < 0.001); corresponding hazard ratios in men ranged from 1.2 (95%CI, 0.8–1.7) to 2.3 (95%CI, 1.2–4.3) (p = 0.001). Increasing cholesterol levels were not associated with risk of ischemic stroke except in men with cholesterol levels ≥9.00 mmol/liter vs <5.00 mmol/liter, with a hazard ratio of 4.4 (95%CI, 1.9–10.6).Interpretation:In women, stepwise increasing levels of nonfasting triglycerides were associated with increasing risk of ischemic stroke while increasing cholesterol levels were not. In men, these results were similar except that cholesterol ≥9.00 mmol/liter was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. ANN NEUROL, 2011
Diethanol amine‐functionalized polymer‐supported palladium (0) complex as catalyst for Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction in water
Authors: He Ying , Wang Liang , Cai Chun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDiethanol amine‐functionalized polymer‐supported palladium (0) complex as catalyst for Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction in water was synthesized and characterized. The catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity and stability in the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction. Various aryl bromides were coupled with aryl boronic acids in water, under air, and in the presence of 0.5 mol % of the catalyst to afford corresponding cross‐coupled products in high yields at 100°C. Furthermore, the heterogeneous catalyst can be readily recovered by simple filtration and reused for several times only with a slight decrease in its activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Drug release behaviors of a novel pH/temperature‐responsive chitosan‐poly(N‐acryloylglycinate) hydrogel
Authors: Deng Kuilin , Dong Lirong , Li Qian , Gou Yubo , Zhang Pengfei , Ren Xiaobo , Zhong Haibin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA pH/temperature and degradable‐responsive hydrogel (PSMEA) was prepared from chitosan (CS),N‐acryloylglycine methyl ester (NAGME),N‐acryloylglycine ethyl ester (NAGEE), acrylic acid (AA), andN‐methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA). The swelling properties of PSMEA were systematically investigated at different temperatures, pH, and CS contents. It was found that the PSMEA demonstrated obvious pH and temperature‐responsive natures. The caffeine‐release behaviors showed that only 42.9% caffeine was released from PSEMA in pH 2.1 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) after 360 min, whereas more than 71.5% caffeine was gradually diffused into pH 7.4 PBS over the same time interval. In addition, the caffeine release was much higher at 37.0°C than that at 14.0°C in PBS medium. The apparent degradability of PSMEA was also observed in the pH 7.4 PBS at 37.0°C through the chemical cleavage of CS. As seen from the results, PSEMA seems to be a potential application in the drug‐delivery system controlled by the external pH value and temperature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation and characterization of BSA‐loaded microspheres based on polyanhydrides
Authors: Yu Yang , Lu Tingli , Zhao Wen , Sun Weiguang , Chen Tao 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA series of biodegradable PEG‐containing polyanhydrides composed of sebacic acid, 1, 6‐bis(p‐carboxyphenoxy) hexane, and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) were used as matrix material for BSA‐loaded microspheres. The effects of polymer composition on the microsphere size, entrapment efficiency, in vitro degradation, and in vitro protein release were studied. Microspheres in the size range of 0.8–10 μm were fabricated via a modified double emulsion method and were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. As the content or the molecular weight of PEG was increased in the copolymer, a proportional increase was found in the particle size and the efficiency of BSA entrapment. The in vitro degradation rate of particles could be controlled by varying the polymer composition, increasing as the PEG proportion increased. In vitro release studies of BSA from polyanhydride microspheres revealed that the increased amounts of PEG within microspheres could accelerate the release rate of protein. These studies indicate that the PEG‐containing polyanhydrides hold potential for protein delivery applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effects of TDI and FA‐703 on physico‐mechanical properties of polyurethane dispersion
Authors: Negim S. M. , Bahruddin S. , Mahyuddin R. , Idiris M. S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA series of water dispersion polyurethanes dispersions (PUDs) were prepared by polyaddition reaction using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol (PTMG), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), and triol (trade name FA‐703). Various formulations were designed to investigate the effects of process variables such as TDI and FA‐703 on the physico‐mechanical properties of PUD. IR spectroscopy was used to check the end of polymerization reaction and characterization of polymer. Evolution of the particle size distribution, contact angle, Tg, molecular weight, viscosity, and mechanical properties of the emulsion‐cast films were significantly affected by variable content of TDI and FA‐703. Average particle size of the prepared polyurethane emulsions and contact angle decrease with increase of content of FA‐703 and TDI. Molecular weight, Tg, tensile strength, tear strength, hardness, viscosity and elongation at break increase with increase of content of FA‐703 and TDI. The increase of molecular weight, tensile strength, tear strength and elongation at break properties are interpreted in terms of increasing hard segments, chain flexibility, and phase separation in high content of FA‐703 and TDI‐based polyurethane. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Viscoelastic properties of polypropylene/organo‐clay nano‐composites prepared using miniature lab mixing extruder from masterbatch
Authors: Ali Mohammad Al‐haj , Elleithy Rabeh H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) was melt blended with nano organo‐clay masterbatch at different ratios; namely 5, 10, and 15 wt % of nano‐clay. The effect of organo‐clay content on the viscoelastic properties of the nano‐composite was studied. A miniature laboratory mixing extruder, LME, was used to blend the nano organo‐clay masterbatch with PP at 260°C and 250 rpm. The blend was pelletized first, and then a thin ribbon was extruded. Two viscoelastic tests were performed; frequency sweep at constant temperature of 80°C, and temperature sweep at constant frequency of 1.0 rad/s. As the loading of nano‐clay increased, the storage modulus, G', and the thermal resistance increased as well. Different viscoelastic models were tried and 3‐elements Maxwell model was found to describe well the viscoelastic properties of the nano‐composites. The ratio of the complex modulus to the corresponding matrix modulus at different frequencies was found to vary proportional to the nanoclay loading. This dependency was described reasonably well by modified Guth model using particle aspect ratio of 12.1. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Thermal stability of polyoxymethylene and its blends with poly(ethylene‐methylacrylate) or poly(styrene‐butadiene‐styrene)
Authors: Wang Qian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolyoxymethylene (POM) copolymer and its blends with poly(ethylene‐methylacrylate) (EMA) or poly(styrene‐butadiene‐styrene) (SBS) up to 5 wt % were conducted to thermooxidative ageing in oven at 140°C for 111 days. POM showed continued degradation as seen from the gradual decrease in the crystallization temperature from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study, while no change in Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and low weight loss were observed (2.5% after 111 days' ageing). The POM degradation was characterized by the initial increase of crystallinity due to crystal perfection, which then kept nearly unchanged until 35 days' ageing, and lastly increased again to result in embrittlement and decrease in tensile strength. Increase in the tensile stress and strain was observed up to 35 days' ageing. POM blends with SBS or EMA had similar degradation behavior as POM, but addition of SBS accelerated the POM degradation significantly, while POM blend with 1 or 3% EMA just showed slightly lower thermal stability than POM. Degradation in POM and SBS/POM occurred in amorphous phase while EMA/POM degraded in both amorphous and crystal phase. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on kidney Notch2–Jagged1 pathway of early prenatal embryo
Authors: Chen Wenqing , Jiang Hong , Wang Minmin , Jin Juan , Feng Shi , Bi Yan , Wang Huiping , Mao Youying , Shou Zhangfei , Chen Jianghua 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAims: To evaluate the effects of this insecticide on the embryonic development of kidney and to assess the important role of Notch2–Jagged1 pathway in this duration. Methods and results: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) 5 mg/kg/d were administrated on gestation 7.5–11.5 day by subcutaneous injection. On gestation 16.5 day, the normal embryo kidney developed through S shape duration to the original kidney, which had the nephrons and could start to secret the urine. But for the CPF‐treated mice, the embryo kidney developed much more slowly, they did not show the S shape and the nephrons. The Notch2–Jagged1 pathway should be expressed stronger in the normal embryo kidney on gestation 16.5 day, but for the CPF‐treated mice we found the obvious weak pathway staining. Conclusions: CPF broke the Notch2–Jagged1 pathway during the embryo kidney development, and the Notch2–Jagged1 pathway plays an important role in the S shape to original kidney formation duration. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:97–101, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improved LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of taspoglutide in plasma and urine using orthogonal HILIC–RP column switching, ultra‐performance LC separation and ‘wrong‐way‐round’ electrospray ionization
Authors: Heinig Katja , Wirz Thomas , Yuan Moucun , Tingler Michael , Mylott William 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe synthetic peptide drug taspoglutide, developed for treatment of diabetes, must be quantified at low pg/mL levels in biological samples. This manuscript describes the improvement of a previous method, featuring orthogonal hydrophilic interaction to reversed‐phase chromatography column switching and tandem mass spectrometric detection. Signal‐to‐noise ratio was enhanced and isobaric interferences were reduced by ultra‐performance separation using a basic mobile phase in ‘wrong‐way‐round’ ionization mode and monitoring a selective fragment ion. Tedious solid‐phase extraction cleanup was abandoned in favor of simple protein precipitation. Urine required the addition of surfactants to prevent adsorptive drug loss. Dissociation of complexes with possibly formed anti‐drug antibodies was achieved with formic acid. Lower limits of quantitation (LLOQ) were 4 pg/mL in human plasma and 10 pg/mL in urine using a 250 μL sample, and an LLOQ of 50 pg/mL was obtained in animal plasma using 50 μL. Precision, accuracy and incurred samples reproducibility fulfilled regulatory requirements. Simultaneous determination of unlabeled and stable isotope labeled taspoglutide, interesting for clearance studies in which both compounds are co‐administered, was realized using a structural analog as internal standard. The described method offered excellent sensitivity with low sample consumption, reasonable throughput, moderate costs and high robustness for routine analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Celecoxib determination in different layers of skin by a newly developed and validated HPLC‐UV method
Authors: Praça Fabíola Silva Garcia , Bentley Maria Vitória Lopes Badra , Lara Marilisa Guimarães , Pierre Maria Bernadete Riemma 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTA simple, rapid and sensitive analytical procedure for the measurement of celecoxib (CXB) levels in skin samples after in vitro penetration studies was developed and validated. In vitro permeability studies in porcine skin were performed for quantification of CXB at different layers of skin, the stratum corneum (SC) and epidermis plus dermis (EP + D) as well as in the acceptor solution (AS) to assess CXB permeation through skin. CXB was quantified by HPLC using a C18 column and UV detection at 251 nm. The mobile phase was methanol–water 72:28 (v/v) and the flow‐rate was 0.8 mL/min. The CXB retention time was 5 min. The assay was linear for CBX in the concentration range of 0.1–3.0 μg/mL in the AS (drug permeated through skin) and 5.0–50.0 μg/mL for drug retained in SC and [EP + D] in vitro. The linear correlation coefficients for the different calibration curves were equal or greater than 0.99. Intra‐ and inter‐assay variabilities were below 8.0%. Extraction of CXB from skin samples showed recoveries higher than 95.0% after 15 min of ultrasonic sound and centrifugation at 2500 rpm for 3 min. The method was considered appropriate for the assay of CXB in skin samples, after in vitro cutaneous penetration studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of passivation and postannealing on the photoluminescence properties of MgO/SiO2 core‐shell nanorods
Authors: Jin Changhyun , Lee Jungkeun , Park Sunghoon , Lee Chongmu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMgO nanorods were grown by the thermal evaporation of Mg3N2 powders on the Si (100) substrate coated with a gold thin film. The MgO nanorods grown on the Si (100) substrate were a few tens of nanometers in diameter and up to a few hundreds of micrometers in length. MgO/SiO2 core‐shell nanorods were also fabricated by the sputter‐deposition of SiO2onto the MgO nanorods. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X–ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results indicated that the cores and shells of the annealed core‐shell nanorods were a face‐centered cubic‐type single crystal MgO and amorphous SiO2, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy analysis results showed that SiO2 coating slightly decreased the PL emission intensity of the MgO nanorods. The PL emission of the MgO/SiO2 core‐shell nanorods was, however, found to be considerably enhanced by thermal annealing and strongly depends on the annealing atmosphere. The PL emission of the MgO/SiO2 core‐shell nanorods was substantially enhanced in intensity by annealing in a reducing atmosphere, whereas it was slightly enhanced by annealing in an oxidative atmosphere. The origin of the PL enhancement by annealing in a reducing atmosphere is discussed with the aid of energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analyses. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth behavior of CuPc films by physical vapor deposition
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Chian , Chen Bing‐Hong , Jan Da‐Jeng , Tang Shiow‐Jing , Chiu Kuan‐Cheng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractVarious Cu‐phthalocyanine (CuPc) films were grown from physical vapor deposition on top of indium‐tin‐oxide glass substrates by controlling substrate temperature (Tsub), source temperature (Tsou), and growth time. From side‐view SEM pictures, the growth rates for these CuPc films are estimated and can be categorized into three regions. From the Arrhenius plot of growth rate versus 1/Tsub, the activation energyEAcan be obtained. AsTsou= 390 °C, for region (A) withTsub< 140 °C, the growth of CuPc films is dominated by the adhesion process withEA= 810 meV. For region (B) with 140 °C <Tsub< 320 °C, the growth is then limited by the steric character associated with the organic molecular solids withEA= 740 meV. For region (C) withTsub> 320 °C, the re‐evaporation of the CuPc adhered molecules from the interface becomes dominant. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether: An Alternative Solvent for Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatics
Authors: Beydoun Kassem , Doucet Henri 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSome ethers, such as cyclopentyl methyl ether and di‐n‐butyl ether, which can be considered as “greener” solvents than N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) or DMF, can be advantageously employed for the palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of heteroaromatics. In the presence of such ethers and only 0.5–1 mol % of palladium catalysts at 125–150 °C, the direct 5‐arylation of thiazoles, thiophenes, or furans by using aryl bromides as coupling partners proceeds in moderate to high yields.