bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New parameters of many-body potentials: studying the thermal and mechanical properties of noble metals
Authors: Qi Xin , Yan Xue-Song , Yang Lei 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
New parameters of nearest-neighbor EAM (1N-EAM), n-th neighbor EAM (NN-EAM), and the second-moment approximation to the tight-binding (TB-SMA) potentials are obtained by fitting experimental data at different temperatures. In comparison with the available many-body potentials, our results suggest that the 1N-EAM potential with the new parameters is the best description of atomic interactions in studying the thermal expansion of noble metals. For mechanical properties, it is suggested that the elastic constants should be calculated in the experimental zero-stress states for all three potentials. Furthermore, for NNEAM and TB-SMA potentials, the calculated results approach the experimental data as the range of the atomic interaction increases from the first-neighbor to the sixth-neighbor distance.
Mutations leading to drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Ukraine
Authors: Antonenko Kate , Kresyun Valentin , Antonenko Peter 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The goal of this research was detection of the drug-resistance level of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the Odesa region of Southwest Ukraine, investigation of the level of mutation in katG and rpoB genes for M. tuberculosis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and spread of these mutations in different groups of patients with tuberculosis. An extremely high level of primary and acquired resistance of M. tuberculosis to first-line antituberculosis drugs has been found in the Southwest region of Ukraine. The PCR method has proved to have high sensitivity in the detection of mutations in katG and rpoB genes. The data showed significant spreading of M. tuberculosis strains with mutations in katG and rpoB genes in penitentiaries and an increased level of these mutations during tuberculosis treatment. The presence of mutations in rpoB and katG genes was associated with a more severe course of tuberculosis, increased risk of treatment default, persistence of positive smears on microscopy at discharge, and poor closing of tuberculous cavities. Extremely high level of mutations in the rpoB and katG genes of M. tuberculosis was observed in Beijing family strains. Our findings support the capability of the PCR method to detect M. tuberculosis that is resistant to drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin.
Acute extracranial-intracranial bypass using a radial artery graft along with trapping of a ruptured blood blister–like aneurysm of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Kamijo Koji , Matsui Toru 
Published: November 2009

Object
Fragile aneurysm walls and poorly defined necks render the surgical treatment of blood blister–like aneurysms (BBAs) located at nonbranching sites of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery extremely challenging. Such aneurysms have a remarkable tendency to rupture during surgery, especially during the acute period. The authors describe the clinical course of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by BBA rupture and emphasize the value of internal carotid artery trapping combined with high-flow extracranial-intracranial (trapping/EC-IC) bypass during the acute period following SAH.

Methods
The authors analyzed the clinical records of 7 consecutive female patients with a mean age of 61 years (range 51–77 years) who had been treated between January 2006 and December 2008 at their institute.

Results
All 7 patients presented with SAHs corresponding to Fisher Grade 3 and World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Grades II, III, IV, and V in 3, 1, 2, and 1 patient, respectively. Surgery was postponed in the 3 patients, including 1 in whom the trapping/EC-IC bypass procedure was performed during the chronic period. Two of the 3 patients in whom surgery was postponed experienced preoperative rebleeding, and repeated angiography revealed remarkable enlargement of the aneurysm; both of these patients died before surgery could be performed. The remaining 4 patients underwent trapping/EC-IC bypass during the acute period following SAH. The outcome was excellent (Glasgow Outcome Scale Scores 5), and postoperative angiography demonstrated complete obliteration of the BBA as well as good graft patency in all 5 patients who underwent trapping/EC-IC bypass. Intraoperative bleeding from the BBAs never occurred in any of these 5 patients.

Conclusions
Ruptured BBAs were successfully treated with a trapping/EC-IC bypass during the acute SAH period. This surgical strategy for treating BBAs during the acute period might be a promising option for these rare but high-risk lesions.
Facile Controlled Synthesis and Spectroscopy of CdS1−xSex Alloy and (CdS)1−x@(CdSe)x Core–Shell Nanotetrapods
Authors: Kim Mee Rahn , Park Sun‐Young , Jang Du‐Jeon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNanotetrapods of alloy CdS1−xSex and core–shell (CdS)1−x@(CdSe)x are fabricated easily in water using ethylenediamine as a solvent‐coordinating molecular template, and then their optical properties are investigated using diverse static and time‐resolved spectroscopic methods. The arms of the alloy nanotetrapods have single‐crystalline structures of CdS1−xSex without showing staking faults, while the arms of the core–shell nanotetrapods display polycrystalline shell structures of CdSe. The optical properties of CdS1−xSex, where Se atoms are isolated in the CdS lattice, are very different from those of (CdS)1−x@(CdSe)x, where banded CdSe passivates the CdS core. Compared with pure CdS nanotetrapods, the photoluminescence of CdS0.9Se0.1 shifts to the red by 40 nm, whereas that of (CdS)0.9@(CdSe)0.1 does so only by 5 nm. Although the mean luminescence lifetime of alloy CdS1−xSex is shorter than that of pure CdS, it is still much longer than that of core‐shell (CdS)1−x@(CdSe)x.
Modification of Innervation Pattern by Fluoroquinolone Treatment in the Rat Salivary Glands
Authors: Kelentey Barna , Deak Adam , Zelles Tivadar , Matesz Klara , Földes Istvan , Veress Gabor , Bacskai Timea 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQAs) are widely used in dental and medical therapy. Despite their known severe adverse actions on the central and peripheral nervous system, little attention has been directed toward the potential toxic side effects of these compounds on the oral tissues. As the saliva secretion is controlled by the nervous system and neuropeptides, the neurotoxic effect of pefloxacin (PEF), a representative member of FQAs, was studied in rats in the present work. Previously, we demonstrated a significant weight loss of parotid gland tissue, a marked decrease in 3H‐thymidine incorporation, a decreased volume of saliva and amylase activity of the glandular tissue in response to PEF. Animals received intraperitoneal injection of PEF (20 mg/100 g body weight daily) for 3 and 7 days. Normal histology, and neurofilament 200, substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene‐related polypeptide (CGRP) containing nerve fibers were detected with immunohistochemical methods. A marked decrease of the weights in salivary glands and the acinar diameters were measured. Similarly, a strong and significant decrease of the number of SP and CGRP containing nerve fibers were detected. These findings suggest that the impaired morphology and innervation pattern of salivary glands is related to the neurotoxic adverse effect of FQA treatment. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The circadian timing system in the brain of the fifth larval instar ofRhodnius prolixus(hemiptera)
Authors: Vafopoulou Xanthe , Terry Katherine L. , Steel Colin G.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe brain of larvalRhodnius prolixusreleases neurohormones with a circadian rhythm, indicating that a clock system exists in the larval brain. Larvae also possess a circadian locomotor rhythm. The present paper is a detailed analysis of the distribution and axonal projections of circadian clock cells in the brain of the fifth larval instar. Clock cells are identified as neurons that exhibit circadian cycling of both PER and TIM proteins. A group of eight lateral clock neurons (LNs) in the proximal optic lobe also contain pigment‐dispersing factor (PDF) throughout their axons, enabling their detailed projections to be traced. LNs project to the accessory medulla and thence laterally toward the compound eye and medially into a massive area of arborizations in the anterior protocerebrum. Fine branches radiate from this area to most of the protocerebrum. A second group of clock cells (dorsal neurons [DNs]), situated in the posterior dorsal protocerebrum, are devoid of PDF. The DNs receive two fine axons from the LNs, indicating that clock cells throughout the brain are integrated into a timing network. Two axons of the LNs cross the midline, presumably coordinating the clock networks of left and right sides. The neuroarchitecture of this timing system is much more elaborate than any previously described for a larval insect and is very similar to those described in adult insects. This is the first report that an insect timing system regulates rhythmicity in both the endocrine system and behavior, implying extensive functional parallels with the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1264–1282, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural relationships between cortical, thalamic, and amygdala glutamatergic inputs and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat accumbens
Authors: Mitrano D.A. , Pare J.‐F. , Smith Y. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChanges in glutamatergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens play a key role in mediating reward‐related behaviors and addiction to psychostimulants. Glutamatergic inputs to the accumbens originate from multiple sources, including the prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and midline thalamus. The group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are found throughout the core and shell of the nucleus accumbens, but their localization and function at specific glutamatergic synapses remain unknown. To further characterize the substrate that underlies group I mGluR functions in the accumbens, we combined anterograde tract tracing method with electron microscopy immunocytochemistry to study the ultrastructural relationships between specific glutamatergic afferents and mGluR1a‐ or mGluR5‐containing neurons in the rat nucleus accumbens. Although cortical, thalamic, and amygdala glutamatergic terminals contact both mGluR1a‐ and mGluR5‐immunoreactive dendrites and spines in the shell and core of the accumbens, they do so to varying degrees. Overall, glutamatergic terminals contact mGluR1a‐positive spines about 30% of the time, whereas they form synapses twice as frequently with mGluR5‐labeled spines. At the subsynaptic level, mGluR5 is more frequently expressed perisynaptically and closer to the edges of glutamatergic axospinous synapses than mGluR1a, suggesting a differential degree of activation of the two group I mGluRs by transmitter spillover from glutamatergic synapses in the rat accumbens. These results lay the foundation for a deeper understanding of group I mGluR‐mediated effects in the ventral striatum, and their potential therapeutic benefits in drug addiction and other neuropsychiatric changes in reward‐related behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1315–1329, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional heterogeneity in astrocyte responses following contusive spinal cord injury in mice
Authors: White Robin E. , McTigue Dana M. , Jakeman Lyn B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAstrocytes and their precursors respond to spinal cord injury (SCI) by proliferating, migrating, and altering phenotype. This contributes to glial scar formation at the lesion border and gliosis in spared gray and white matter. The present study was undertaken to evaluate astrocyte changes over time and determine when and where interventions might be targeted to alter the astrocyte response. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered to mice 3 days after SCI, and cells expressing BrdU and the astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were counted at 3, 7, and 49 days post‐injury (DPI). BrdU‐labeled cells accumulated at the lesion border by 7 DPI and approximately half of these expressed GFAP. In spared white matter, the total number of BrdU+ cells decreased, while the percentage of BrdU+ cells expressing GFAP increased at 49 DPI. Phenotypic changes were examined using the progenitor marker nestin, the radial glial marker, brain lipid binding protein (BLBP), and GFAP. Nestin was upregulated by 3 DPI and declined between 7 and 49 DPI in all regions, and GFAP increased and remained above naïve levels at all timepoints. BLBP increased early and remained high along the lesion border and spared white matter, but was expressed transiently by cells lining the central canal and in a unique population of small cells found within the lesion and in gray matter rostral and caudal to the border. The results demonstrate that the astrocyte response to SCI is regionally heterogeneous, and suggests astrocyte populations that could be targeted by interventions. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1370–1390, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New method for calcium on the ADVIA analyzer is free from interference of gadolinium‐type contrast agents
Authors: Datta Pradip , Dasgupta Amitava 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecently, Siemens Diagnostics released a new calcium assay (CA_2) based on complex formation of calcium with Arsenazo III dye for use on the three automated, random access ADVIA Chemistry analyzers (1650, 2400, and 1200). We evaluated this method for analytical performance as well as potential interference from gadolinium‐containing magnetic contrast agents. With Siemens Chemistry serum and urine controls, 2‐levels each, the imprecision for the new method was (n=40 each): within‐run and total CV of <2.2 and <3.8%, respectively, over all three platforms. The analytical range/linearity of the method (all three systems) was 1–16 mg/dl (serum or plasma) and 1–32 mg/dl (urine). The new method on all three platforms correlated well with a reference (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy) method (n=61, range 4.03–10.30 mg/dl). The ADVIA 1650 CA_2 method also correlated well with the Roche Modular system® Calcium method. The new method showed <10% interference with unconjugated or conjugated bilirubin (50 mg/dl), hemoglobin (1,000 mg/dl), lipids (1,000 mg/dl), and two magnetic resonance contrast agents containing Gadolinium (OptiMARK® 1 mmol/l and Omniscan 1.5 mmol/l). On the contrary, the Roche Calcium method showed significant negative interference with gadolinium‐containing contrast agents. We conclude that the ADVIA Ca_2 method can measure serum, plasma, or urine calcium concentrations accurately and is also free from interferences of gadolinium‐containing agents. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:399–403, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating 10000‐year return values from short time series
Authors: van den Brink H. W. , Können G. P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe distribution of outliers is used as a tool for finding the extreme value distribution of meteorological parameters and to provide return values for large return periods from short records. Its potential is demonstrated for five cases. For extreme winds in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) the method shows that appropriately transformed annual maximum wind speeds can be described by a Gumbel distribution; for extreme waves it rejects the proposed adoption of an exponential distribution and points to a Gumbel distribution; for extreme daily European precipitation R it confirms the theoretically predicted value k = 2/3 in its Weibull distribution and it also justifies the application of the Gumbel distribution to R2/3 up to return periods of about 50 000 years; for seasonal precipitation in the Netherlands it highlights enhanced extreme precipitation in the coastal area in December‐January‐February (DJF) and failure of the k = 2/3 hypothesis outside June‐July‐August (JJA); for sea levels in the Southern North Sea it points to the Gumbel distribution and provides improved estimates for the 104‐return value of the sea level at coastal stations, which is elaborated for the Dutch tidal station Scheveningen. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Effects of environmental gradients on the performances of four dominant plants in a Chinese saltmarsh: implications for plant zonation
Authors: Wang Cheng Haun , Lu Meng , Yang Bo , Yang Qiang , Zhang Xiao Dong , Hara Toshihiko , Li Bo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPhysical conditions and biotic interactions are believed to be the determinants of plant zonation in saltmarshes. However, in rapidly developing estuarine marshes, succession is regarded as the primary process responsible for plant zonation and it is controlled mainly by environmental factors. Salinity and inundation are two important factors responsible for the distribution pattern of dominant plants in coastal saltmarshes. Here we conducted a common garden experiment as well as a field transplanting to examine the responses of four dominant saltmarsh plants (native Scirpus mariqueter, Scirpus triqueter and Phragmites australis, and exotic Spartina alterniflora) in the Yangtze River estuary to environmental gradients, which may help us understand their current and potential zonation. The results showed that Scirpus adapted to freshwater and less inundated habitats, Phragmites performed well in brackish or freshwater environments with less inundation, and Spartina tolerated the highest salinity and deepest inundation. In the harshest environments (the highest salinity and water level), only Spartina performed well. In the mild environments, however, there were only minor differences in the performances among the four species. The potential ranges of Phragmites and Spartina were predicted to be larger than their current ones, and their lower boundaries might be set by tidal scour rather than edaphic factors. With the saltmarsh succession, invasive Spartina in the Yangtze River estuary might ultimately replace Scirpus, and alter the zonal patterns of native saltmarsh plants, which will lead to severe ecosystem consequences. Thus, proper management measures (e.g., repeated mowing) need to be implemented to control this invasive exotic plant, and restore the vulnerable ecosystems invaded by Spartina in the Yangtze River estuary.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Saccharide–Fatty Acid Esters Using Suspensions of Saccharide Crystals in Solvent‐Free Media
Authors: Ye Ran , Pyo Sang‐Hyun , Hayes Douglas G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSaccharide–fatty acid esters, important biobased and biodegradable emulsifiers in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, were produced with high yields and productivity via immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase‐catalyzed esterification in solvent‐free systems at 65 °C. Preliminary experiments demonstrated high rates of reaction occurred in the presence of acetone near or above its boiling point, due to the formation of 10–200 μm suspensions of saccharide particles. Subsequently, a two‐step process was developed to produce a solvent‐free supersaturated solution of 1.5–2.0 wt% saccharide that remained stable for ≥10–12 h. The solvent‐free suspensions were used in a bioreactor system at 65 °C, consisting of a reservoir open to the atmosphere that contained molecular sieves, a peristaltic pump, and a packed bed bioreactor, operated under continuous recirculation. At 10 h intervals, suspensions were re‐formed by treating the substrate/product mixture with additional acyl acceptor and applying strong agitation. Using this system and approach, a product mixture containing 88% fructose oleate was formed, of which 92% was monoester, within 6 days. This equates to a productivity of 0.2 mmol h−1 g−1, which is similar to values reported for synthesis in the presence of solvent.
Conservation of the Alpines Steinschaf
Authors: Mendel C. , Feldmann A. , Ketterle N. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe Alpines Steinschaf is an old and traditional sheep breed living in the Alps for several hundred years. In 1985 only a few small flocks of this breed could be identified in special alpine regions in Germany. A breeding programme was established by some interested breeders and official breeding organisations. To maintain rare breeds for the future, it is necessary to develop special programmes for their use and marketing. In 2004 the breeders in Germany and Austria created a programme to market high quality products made of Alpines Steinschaf wool. The project ran very successfully, and the population of the Alpines Steinschaf has been increasing annually since then.
The genetics of colored sequence synesthesia: Evidence of linkage to chromosome 16q and genetic heterogeneity for the condition
Authors: Nelson Stephanie , Avidan Nili , Sarma Anand , Tushe Rejnal , Milewicz Dianna , Lee Kwanghyuk , Bray Molly , Leal Suzanne , Eagleman David 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSynesthesia is a perceptual condition in which normal sensory stimulation can trigger anomalous sensory experiences. For example, synesthetes may experience colors in response to sounds, tastes in response to words, or smells in response to touch. We here focus on colored sequence synesthesia, in which color experiences are triggered by learned ordinal sequences such as letters, numbers, weekdays and months. Although synesthesia has been noted in the scientific literature for over a century, it is understood only at the level of the phenomenology, and not at the molecular and neural levels. We have performed a linkage analysis to identify the first genetic loci responsible for the increased neural crosstalk underlying colored sequence synesthesia. Our analysis has identified a 23 MB region on chromosome 16 as a putative locus for the trait. Our data provide the first step in understanding neural crosstalk from its molecular basis to its behavioral consequences, opening a new inroad into the understanding of the multisensory brain.
Food‐restriction in obese dyslipidaemic diabetic mice partially restores basal contractility but not contractile reserve
Authors: Van den Bergh An , Vangheluwe Peter , Vanderper Annelies , Carmeliet Peter , Wuytack Frank , Janssens Stefan , Flameng Willem , Holvoet Paul , Herijgers Paul 
Published: November 2009

AimsWeight reduction programmes in morbidly obese, diabetic, and hyperlipidaemic subjects usually improve cardiac load and subsequently reverse hypertrophy. However, their effect on contractile dysfunction and impaired cardiac functional reserve is unknown.Methods and resultsThe effect of food‐restriction‐induced weight loss on in vivo cardiac contractility before and during beta‐adrenergic stimulation was assessed using left ventricular pressure–volume analysis in a mouse model featuring obesity and Type II diabetes (ob/ob), obesity, Type II diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, and hypertension (LDLR−/−;ob/ob), or wild‐type. In addition, sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ reuptake, interstitial collagen accumulation, and aortic atherosclerosis were measured. Food‐restriction resulted in a 54% lower weight. Weight loss largely normalized pre‐ and afterload in both ob/ob and LDLR−/−;ob/ob mice. Contractility and relaxation improved after weight loss, partly explained by improved SR Ca2+ reuptake. Ventricular–vascular stiffening, interstitial collagen accumulation, and aortic atherosclerosis were less in food‐restricted than in free‐fed LDLR−/−;ob/ob mice. In contrast, cardiac reserve was similarly impaired in free‐fed and food‐restricted ob/ob and LDLR−/−;ob/ob mice.ConclusionFood‐restriction in obese diabetic mice leads to improved cardiac performance by diminishing cardiac load and by ameliorating the intrinsic contractile properties of the cardiac muscle. However, cardiac reserve under dobutamine stimulation did not increase.