bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of CuGaO2 films prepared by sol‐gel methods
Authors: Alias Afishah , Sakamoto Masato , Kimura Teppei , Uesugi Katsuhiro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDelafossite CuGaO2 films have been fabricated by sol‐gel method. The stable Cu‐Ga‐O solutions were prepared by the mixing of Cu‐O and Ga‐O sol solutions using copper (II) acetate monohydrate and tris‐acetylacetonato gallium (III), respectively. Phase separation in CuGaO2 films is depending on the preparation of sol solutions and post‐bake conditions. P ‐type CuGaO2 films without CuO and Ga2O3 phases were fabricated by post‐baking at 700∼800 °C for 1 h in N2 atmosphere. The sol‐gel‐derived CuGaO2 films show high transparency more than 80% in the visible light range, and the optical energy gap was approximately 3.56 eV. Wide bandgap β ‐Ga2O3 and narrow bandgap CuO oxide films were also successfully fabricated using Cu‐Ga‐O sol solutions. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Entrainment processes in the diurnal cycle of deep convection over land
Authors: Stirling A. J. , Stratton R. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this article we show that entrainment during the developing stages of deep convection over land is much higher than convection at equilibrium. A series of idealised cloud‐resolving model simulations are performed for a range of environmental conditions, and these show that the interaction with the environment via the entrainment and detrainment rates gradually decreases as the day progresses, reverting to the values found at equilibrium. The entrainment and detrainment rates are themselves found to depend on the environmental humidity and stability, and are also strongly linked to cloud size, suggesting that the representation of the horizontal growth of clouds in convective parametrizations is important for the representation of the diurnal cycle. We propose a simple new entrainment and detrainment formulation to take account of these findings, and show that this improves the representation of developing convection in a single‐column model, providing a more gradual transition towards deep convection. Copyright © 2011 British Crown copyright, the Met Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Robotic system for cervical spine surgery
Authors: Kostrzewski S. , Duff J. M. , Baur C. , Olszewski M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn contemporary surgical clinical practice, spinal instability is often treated with mechanical stabilization techniques in order to protect the spinal cord and nerve roots. These techniques involve placing screws in defined regions of the vertebrae, typically the pedicle, where the strongest bone is found. The challenge for the surgeon is the accurate placement of screws for good mechanical purchase and to avoid damage to surrounding vital anatomical structures. This is especially critical in the cervical region, where the target bone mass is smaller and the spinal cord, nerve roots and vertebral arteries are all at risk. A robotic system enabling the surgeon to precisely place implants into the vertebrae should enhance safety and may potentially improve surgical results.MethodsWe describe such a system, which consists of a compact robot positioned using a passive structure, an optical tracking system, a surgical input device and planning and navigational software. The implant trajectory in each vertebra is planned preoperatively, using fine‐cut computerized tomography (CT) scans. During surgery, registration matching between the CT scan and the patient's anatomy is achieved using point to point registration, refined with a surface merge technique. Approximate robot positioning is done passively by the surgeon. Final precise instrument positioning is performed by the robot according to the planned trajectory through the target vertebra. Implants (screws) are then placed through the robot‐guided working channel.ResultsSix cadaver experiments, consisting of placing transarticular (i.e. crossing the joints between the vertebrae) screws in the upper two vertebrae of the human cervical spine, were performed. Implant placement accuracy was comparable with that achieved using freehand image‐guided techniques by an experienced surgeon.ConclusionsThese results confirm the utility and applicability of the system. It is currently in redesign to improve accuracy and to render it compatible with on‐line planning. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the dynamics of social networks using Bayesian hierarchical blockmodels
Authors: Rodríguez Abel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe introduce a new class of dynamic models for networks that extends stochastic blockmodels to settings where the interactions between a group of actors are observed at multiple points in time. Our goal is to identify structural changes in model features such as differential attachment, homophily by attributes, transitivity, and clustering as the network evolves. Our focus is on Bayesian inference, so the models are constructed hierarchically by combining different classes of Bayesian nonparametric priors. The methods are illustrated through a simulation study and two real data sets. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 5: 218–234, 2012
The Relationship between Childhood Parental Loss and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Subjects
Authors: Alciati Alessandra , Gesuele Felice , Casazza Giovanni , Foschi Diego 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe increasing global trend of obesity is a fundamental contributor to the growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of medical abnormalities including impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, obesity and hypertension. Results from animal and human investigations have shown that early life stress can result in weight gain and metabolic changes.Our aim is to investigate whether a particular type of an early adverse event, i.e. parental loss during childhood, is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome in severely obese subjects.One hundred thirty‐five consecutive obese patients who were seeking bariatric surgery were assessed for metabolic syndrome according to the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria. Information regarding the experience of parental separation or bereavement before the age of 17 was collected with the use of a semi‐structured interview.In our population, 31.1% of the subjects met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. No significant differences in demographic factors, health habits or psychiatric diagnosis were found between patients with and without coexisting metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for age and gender, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both childhood loss of a parent and a body mass index (BMI) value greater than 50 were significant predictors of metabolic syndrome.This study provides preliminary evidence linking childhood parental loss to risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISCS method for the performance‐based seismic design of vertically irregular reinforced concrete frame structures
Authors: Men Jinjie , Shi Qingxuan 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThe procedure to obtain the inelastic demand curves for the multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system, composed of inter‐story shear versus inter‐story displacement curve is introduced. The demand curves are established by using mode spectrum method, and the dynamical characteristic of structure under different earthquake hazard levels is taken into account. The relation of structure performance object and displacement ductility is adopted to deduce the relation of structure performance object and inter‐story demand curve. Therefore, the inter‐story demand curves take into account the inelastic behavior of structure under earthquake action adequately. Then, considering the seismic responding characteristic and the capacity curve of the frame structure, a new method named Inter‐Story Capacity Spectrum (ISCS) is put forward for the performance‐based seismic design of vertically irregular frame structures. Examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and the utility of the proposed method. It is concluded that the new method can control the inter‐story drift, the order and position of hinges of vertically irregular structures under different earthquake hazard levels. Comparing with time‐history analysis method, it leans to safe and is superior to direct displacement‐based design method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Characterization of three New Letrozole Complexes
Authors: Tang Yun‐Zhi , Zhou Man , Huang Jun , Cao Zan , Qi Ting‐Ting , Huang Guang‐Hua , Wen He‐Rui 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThree new letrozole complexes {[Cu(Le)4Cl2]·(H2O)} (1), {[Ni(Le)4Cl2]·(H2O)}(2) and {[Co(Le)4Cl2]·(H2O)} (3) (Le = letrozole = 1‐[bis(4‐cyanophenyl)methyl]‐1, 2, 4‐triazole) were obtained from self‐assembly of CuCl2, NiCl2·6H2O, and CoCl2·6H2O with medicine letrozole. All compounds were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental, single‐crystal as well as powder X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. The analyses of the structures indicate that all crystals belong to monoclinic system, space group C2/c, for complex 1 with crystal data a = 34.501(18) Å, b = 12.724(7) Å, c = 16.116(9) Å, β = 114.958(7) °, V = 6414(6) Å 3, Z = 4, F(000) = 2660, R1 = 0.0668, wR2 = 0.1574; for complex 2, a = 34.769(6) Å, b = 12.7267(18) Å, c = 16.046(2) Å, β = 115.281(3) °, V = 6420.1(16) Å 3, Z = 4, F(000) = 2656, R1 = 0.0510, wR2 = 0.0896; for complex 3, a = 35.063(8) Å,b = 12.658(3) Å, c = 16.056(4) Å, β = 115.387(3) °, V = 6438(2) Å3, Z = 4, F(000) = 2652, R1 = 0.0528, wR2 = 0.1205. The local arrangements around central metal atoms (CuII, NiII, and CoII) can be best described as distorted octahedra which are constructed by two chlorine atoms and four monodentate nitrogen atoms from different letrozole ligands. XRD results of 1–3 show that all peaks displayed in the measured patterns at room temperature closely match those in the simulated patterns generated from single‐crystal diffraction data, indicating single phases of 1–3 were formed.
BRAFV600E Mutation is Associated with Tumor Aggressiveness in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Kim Su‐jin , Lee Kyu Eun , Myong Jun Pyo , Park Jeong‐hwan , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Min Hye Sook , Park So Yeon , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Koo Do Hoon , Youn Yeo‐Kyu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe BRAFV600E mutation is the most common genetic alteration found in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Recent studies show that this mutation occurs more frequently in patients with PTC showing aggressive clinicopathologic features. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of the BRAFV600E mutation in tumor samples and its association with high‐risk clinicopathologic features prospectively.Patients and methodsFrom February 2009 to January 2010, 547 PTC patients who underwent surgery in Seoul National University Hospital were enrolled in the study. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify exon 15 of the BRAF gene from paraffin‐embedded thyroid tumor specimens, followed by direct sequencing to detect the BRAFV600E mutation. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze associations between the BRAFV600E mutation and clinicopathologic features.ResultsThe BRAFV600E mutation was found in 381/547 (69.7%) patients with primary PTC. The BRAFV600E mutation was significantly associated with age (≥45 years), tumor size (>1 cm), extrathyroidal extension, and cervical lymph node metastases (P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression showed that it was significantly associated with gender (OR = 1.834; 95% CI 1.021–3.463), tumor size (OR = 1.972; 95% CI 1.250–3.103), and extra‐thyroidal extension (OR = 2.428; 95% CI 1.484–3.992), but not with age, multifocality, lymph node metastases, and advanced disease stage. The proportion of BRAFV600E mutation was significantly associated with the number of high‐risk factors of tumor recurrence (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe BRAFV600E mutation was associated with high‐risk clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with PTC. The BRAFV600E mutation may be a potential prognostic factor in PTC patients.
Advanced Reproductive Age and Fertility
Authors: Liu Kimberly , Case Allison , Cheung Anthony P. , Sierra Sony , AlAsiri Saleh , Carranza‐Mamane Belina , Case Allison , Dwyer Cathie , Graham James , Havelock Jon , Hemmings Robert , Lee Francis , Liu Kimberly , Murdock Ward , Senikas Vyta , Vause Tannys D.R. , Wong Benjamin Chee‐Man 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo improve awareness of the natural age‐related decline in female and male fertility with respect to natural fertility and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and provide recommendations for their management, and to review investigations in the assessment of ovarian aging.OptionsThis guideline reviews options for the assessment of ovarian reserve and fertility treatments using ART with women of advanced reproductive age presenting with infertility.OutcomesThe outcomes measured are the predictive value of ovarian reserve testing and pregnancy rates with natural and assisted fertility.EvidencePublished literature was retrieved through searches of PubMed or Medline, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library in June 2010, using appropriate key words (ovarian aging, ovarian reserve, advanced maternal age, advanced paternal age, ART). Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies. There were no date or language restrictions. Searches were updated on a regular basis and incorporated into the guideline to December 2010.ValuesThe quality of evidence was rated using the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Recommendations for practice were ranked according to the method described in that report (Table).Benefits, harms, and costsPrimary and specialist health care providers and women will be better informed about ovarian aging and the age‐related decline in natural fertility and about options for assisted reproductive technology.
The helminth community of the sand smelt (Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810) from Lake Iznik, Turkey
Authors: Özesen Çolak S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMetazoan parasites of the sand smelt Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 in Lake Iznik were studied. A total of 271 specimens of A. boyeri, 208 female and 63 male, mean ( ± SD) total length 8.4 ± 2.2 cm (range 3.1–12.2 cm) and mean total weight 4.7 ± 3.5 g (range 0.1–11.7 g) were examined between June 2008 and May 2009 at monthly intervals. In 33 fish no parasites were found. In the other fish, four parasite species were recorded: Diplostomum sp. (prevalence 39.13%, mean intensity 3.50 ± 3.03); Tylodelphys clavata (prevalence 74.16%, mean intensity 10.41 ± 14.89); Bothriocephalus cf. acheilognathi (prevalence 40.59%, mean intensity 31.83 ± 57.74); and Eustrongylides excisus (prevalence 6.64%, mean intensity 1.16 ± 0.39). The mean abundance of Diplostomum sp., T. clavata and E. excisus was higher during the winter and early spring months. In contrast, the mean abundance of B. cf. acheilognathi was higher in the summer and autumn months. This distribution of the parasites was related to a change in the environment of A. boyeri from the pelagic zone to deeper water at the end of autumn and a change in food supply.
Written composition performance of students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: CASAS ANA MIRANDA , FERRER MANUEL SORIANO , FORTEA INMACULADA BAIXAULI 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently associated with learning disabilities. The present study examined the written composition of children with ADHD, which depends to a large degree on continuous self-regulation and attentional control skills for organizing information and maintaining the level of effort. Fifty children with ADHD and 50 normally developing children, matched on age and IQ, were assessed using a composition writing task. The results contribute to prior research findings by showing that the children with ADHD performed significantly worse than the comparison groups on the majority of the planning, translation, and revision process measures usually employed to assess the quality of written compositions. Deficiencies in executive functioning or poor linguistic and metalinguistic competence could account for the results found. More research is needed to clarify the underlying causes of the written composition performance profile of children with ADHD.
Clusters of word properties as predictors of elementary school children's performance on two word tasks
Authors: TELLINGS AGNES , COPPENS KARIEN , GELISSEN JOHN , SCHREUDER ROB 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTOften, the classification of words does not go beyond “difficult” (i.e., infrequent, late-learned, nonimageable, etc.) or “easy” (i.e., frequent, early-learned, imageable, etc.) words. In the present study, we used a latent cluster analysis to divide 703 Dutch words with scores for eight word properties into seven clusters of words. Each cluster represents a group of words that share a particular configuration of word properties. This model was empirically validated with three data sets from Grades 2 to 4 children who made either a lexical decision task or a use decision task with a selection of the words. Significant differences were found between the clusters of words within the three data sets. Implications for further study and for practice are discussed.
Associations between maternal employment and time spent in nutrition-related behaviours among German children and mothers
Authors: Möser Anke , Chen Susan E , Jilcott Stephanie B , Nayga Rodolfo M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between maternal employment and time spent engaging in nutrition-related behaviours among mothers and children using a nationally representative sample of households in West and East Germany.DesignA cross-sectional analysis was performed using time-use data for a sample of mother–child dyads. Associations between maternal employment and time spent in nutrition-related activities such as eating at home, eating away from home and food preparation were estimated using a double-hurdle model.SettingGerman Time Budget Survey 2001/02.SubjectsThe overall sample included 1071 households with a child between 10 and 17 years of age. The time-use data were collected for a 3 d period of observation (two weekdays and one weekend day).ResultsMaternal employment was associated with the time children spent on nutrition-related behaviours. In households with employed mothers, children spent more time eating alone at home and less time eating meals with their mothers. Moreover, employed mothers spent less time on meal preparation compared with non-employed mothers. There were regional differences in time spent on nutrition-related behaviours, such that East German children were more likely to eat at home alone than West German children.ConclusionsMaternal employment was associated with less time spent eating with children and preparing food, which may be related to the increasing childhood obesity rates in Germany. Future national surveys that collect both time-use data and health outcomes could yield further insight into mechanisms by which maternal time use might be associated with health outcomes among children.
Observations of Complex Molecules in Low-Mass Protostars
Authors: Sakai Nami , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLow-mass star forming regions are rich inventories of complex organic molecules. Furthermore, they show significant chemical diversity even among sources in a similar physical evolutionary stage (i.e. Class 0 sources). One distinct case is the hot corino chemistry characterized by rich existence of saturated complex organic molecules such as HCOOCH3 and C2H5CN, whereas the other is the warm carbon-chain chemistry (WCCC) characterized by extraordinary richness of unsaturated complex organic molecules such as carbon-chain molecules. We here summarize these observational achievements during the last decade, and present a unified picture of carbon chemistry in low-mass protostellar cores. The chemical diversity most likely originates from the source-to-source difference in chemical compositions of grain mantles. In particular, the gas-phase abundance of CH4 evaporated from grain mantles is thought to be a key factor for appearance of WCCC. The origin of the diversity and its evolution to protopranetary disks are discussed.
Millimetre/Sub-millimetre Observations of Circumstellar Disks
Authors: Dutrey Anne 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTTauri disks located in nearby star-forming regions (e.g. Taurus-Auriga at 140 pc) are thought to be the site of planet formation, since proto-planetary disks orbiting around active (still accreting) TTauri stars should contain, in many cases, enough gas to form giant gaseous planets. As such, circumstellar disks are ideal laboratories to study planet formation, provided the gas and dust observations have enough sensitivity and resolving power. I will focus in these proceedings, on recent results of molecular observations which unveil the physical conditions of gas disks and reveal the weakness of our current understanding and modeling.
Infrared Observational Studies of Gas Molecules in Disks
Authors: Salyk C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThere remain many fundamental unanswered questions about protoplanetary disks, including how (and if?) they form planets, how mass is transferred through the disk and onto the star, and how they ultimately disperse. Also, a major goal of protoplanetary disk studies is to understand the relationship between disk properties and the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems. IR molecular spectroscopy is a particularly powerful tool for probing the conditions and physical process in protoplanetary disks, which are too small and close to their parent stars to be imaged with ease. I will discuss the suite of infrared molecular transitions observed to date, which highlight the following three techniques of IR spectroscopy. Firstly, line shapes and strengths can be used as tracers of disk physics, including volatile condensation/evaporation, photo-processes, grain growth and turbulence. Secondly, observations of multiple molecular abundances provide constraints for disk chemical models, which may ultimately help explain the great diversity of planetary bodies. Finally, resolved line shapes and spectro-astrometry provide a means to study disk structure on extremely small size scales. Because IR observations are typically sensitive to radii of a few AU or smaller, the processes and structures being probed are relevant to the birth and growth of terrestrial and giant planets. Recent results that I will highlight include the discovery of a multitude of molecules in disks around sun-like stars (including H2O, OH, HCN, C2H2 and CO2), with detection rates that depend on stellar mass, constraints on gas mass and location in transitional disks, detection and characterization of ‘snow lines’, measurements of inner disk rims, and detections of inner disk asymmetries. I will also discuss how IR spectroscopy will remain relevant even with the emergence of facilities such as ALMA, as it allows us to connect the conditions in terrestrial-planet-forming regions with those in the cold outer reaches of disks, and to better construct a comprehensive understanding of the nature of protoplanetary disks.
The PAH Hypothesis after 25 Years
Authors: Peeters Els 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe infrared spectra of many galactic and extragalactic objects are dominated by emission features at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6 and 11.2 μm. The carriers of these features remained a mystery for almost a decade, hence the bands were dubbed the unidentified infrared (UIR) bands. Since the mid-80's, the UIR bands are generally attributed to the IR fluorescence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon molecules (PAHs) upon absorption of UV photons – the PAH hypothesis. Here we review the progress made over the past 25 years in understanding the UIR bands and their carriers.