bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial: Sex Hormone Changes in a Year-Long Exercise Intervention Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Friedenreich Christine M. , Woolcott Christy G. , McTiernan Anne , Ballard-Barbash Rachel , Brant Rollin F. , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Terry Tim , Boyd Norman F. , Yaffe Martin J. , Irwin Melinda L. , Jones Charlotte A. , Yasui Yutaka , Campbell Kristin L. , McNeely Margaret L. , Karvinen Kristina H. , Wang Qinggang , Courneya Kerry S. 
Published: February 2010

PurposeWe examined how an aerobic exercise intervention influenced circulating estradiol, estrone, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), androstenedione, and testosterone levels, which may be involved in the association between physical activity and breast cancer risk.MethodsA two-center, two-arm randomized controlled trial of exercise was conducted in 320 postmenopausal, sedentary women age 50 to 74 years. Participants were randomly assigned to a 1-year aerobic exercise intervention of 225 min/wk (n = 160) or to a control group who maintained their usual level of activity (n = 160). Baseline, 6-month, and 12-month assessments of estrone, estradiol, androstenedione, and testosterone were quantified by radioimmunoassay after extraction, and SHBG was quantified by an immunometric assay. Intent-to-treat analyses were performed using linear mixed models.ResultsBlood data were available on 309 women (96.6%) at 12 months. Women in the intervention group exercised an average of 3.6 d/wk for 178 min/wk. At 12 months, statistically significant reductions in estradiol (treatment effect ratio [TER] = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.98) and free estradiol (TER = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96) and increases in SHBG (TER = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.07) were observed in the exercise group compared with the control group. No significant differences in estrone, androstenedione, and testosterone levels were observed between exercisers and controls at 12 months.ConclusionThis trial found that previously sedentary postmenopausal women can adhere to a moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise program that results in changes in estradiol and SHBG concentrations that are consistent with a lower risk for postmenopausal breast cancer.
Treatment of Favorable, Limited-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma With Chemotherapy Without Consolidation by Radiation Therapy
Authors: Canellos George P. , Abramson Jeremy S. , Fisher David C. , LaCasce Ann S. 
Published: February 2010

Purpose Limited-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) has been treated with radiation alone or radiation combined with chemotherapy. Although results in progression-free survival and overall survival have been excellent, the long-term, radiation-induced, toxic cardiac and secondary oncologic complications occurring in succeeding decades have compromised survival of young patients. This study examines the impact of chemotherapy alone in treatment of limited-stage, nonbulky HL, radiation therapy eliminated from primary treatment. Patients and Methods From 1992 to May 2008, 71 patients with a median age of 29 years (range, 17-44 years) with stages I and II HL without bulky nodes were treated with six cycles of classic combination doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD). Two patients received six cycles of ABVD-like modification. Two patients received four cycles of ABVD. The ABVD regimen was known to be curative in more advanced disease without radiation therapy. Results All patients achieved a clinical complete response (CR) or CR unconfirmed. After a median follow-up of at least 60 months (range, at least 12 to at least 204 months), six patients experienced relapse at 6, 10, 11, 16, 20, and 58 months. All relapses occurred at site of presenting disease. No patients have died. Salvage therapy was successful with second-line chemotherapy/radiation and autologous stem-cell transplantation. Conclusion Six cycles of ABVD is an effective and safe treatment for limited-stage, nonbulky HL and would spare young patients radiation toxicity. Interim positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans in current and future trials may identify those patients who require less than six cycles of chemotherapy.
Phase 1b Study of Dulanermin (recombinant human Apo2L/TRAIL) in Combination With Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Bevacizumab in Patients With Advanced Non-Squamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Soria Jean-Charles , Smit Egbert , Khayat David , Besse Benjamin , Yang Xinqun , Hsu Cheng-Pang , Reese David , Wiezorek Jeffrey , Blackhall Fiona 
Published: February 2010

Purpose To determine the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) up to a prespecified target dose of dulanermin in combination with paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab (PCB) in patients with previously untreated, nonsquamous, stage IIIb (with pleural effusion)/IV or recurrent non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods In this phase 1b study, patients (n = 24) received PCB on day 1 of each 21-day cycle then dulanermin at 4 or 8 mg/kg/d for 5 consecutive days or 15 or 20 mg/kg/d for 2 consecutive days per assigned treatment cohort. Incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), adverse events, and antidulanermin antibodies were assessed. PK parameters were recorded for each agent. Tumor response was measured by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Results Twenty-four patients received at least one dose of dulanermin plus PCB, six in each treatment cohort. There were no DLTs. An MTD was not reached, and the drug combination was well tolerated. Treatment-emergent adverse events were generally as expected for the PCB regimen. Adverse events attributed to dulanermin were grade 1/2; no significant hepatotoxicity occurred. There was minimal impact of PCB on the PK of dulanermin. There was one confirmed complete response and 13 confirmed partial responses. The overall response rate was 58% (95% CI, 37 to 78). Median progression-free survival was 7.2 months (95% CI, 4.7 to 10.3). Conclusion Dulanermin plus PCB was well tolerated with no occurrence of DLTs and demonstrated antitumor activity in this patient population. Dulanermin at 8 mg/kg/d for 5 days and 20 mg/kg/d for 2 days every 3 weeks in combination with PCB is being studied in a phase II trial.
Phase II Multicenter Study of Abiraterone Acetate Plus Prednisone Therapy in Patients With Docetaxel-Treated Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Danila Daniel C. , Morris Michael J. , de Bono Johann S. , Ryan Charles J. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Smith Matthew R. , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Bubley Glenn J. , Kheoh Thian , Haqq Christopher , Molina Arturo , Anand Aseem , Koscuiszka Michael , Larson Steve M. , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Fleisher Martin , Scher Howard I. 
Published: February 2010

Purpose Persistence of ligand-mediated androgen receptor signaling has been documented in castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs). Abiraterone acetate (AA) is a potent and selective inhibitor of CYP17, which is required for androgen biosynthesis in the testes, adrenal glands, and prostate tissue. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of AA in combination with prednisone to reduce the symptoms of secondary hyperaldosteronism that can occur with AA monotherapy. Patients and Methods Fifty-eight men with progressive metastatic CRPC who experienced treatment failure with docetaxel-based chemotherapy received AA (1,000 mg daily) with prednisone (5 mg twice daily). Twenty-seven (47%) patients had received prior ketoconazole. The primary outcome was ≥ 50% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline, with objective response by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, and changes in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) numbers. Safety was also evaluated. Results A ≥ 50% decline in PSA was confirmed in 22 (36%) patients, including 14 (45%) of 31 ketoconazole-naïve and seven (26%) of 27 ketoconazole-pretreated patients. Partial responses were seen in four (18%) of 22 patients with RECIST-evaluable target lesions. Improved ECOG PS was seen in 28% of patients. Median time to PSA progression was 169 days (95% CI, 82 to 200 days). CTC conversions with treatment from ≥ 5 to < 5 were noted in 10 (34%) of 29 patients. The majority of AA-related adverse events were grade 1 to 2, and no AA-related grade 4 events were seen. Conclusion AA plus prednisone was well tolerated, with encouraging antitumor activity in heavily pretreated CRPC patients. The incidence of mineralocorticoid-related toxicities (hypertension or hypokalemia) was reduced by adding low-dose prednisone. The combination of AA plus prednisone is recommended for phase III investigations.
Inhibin-A Antagonizes TGFβ2 Signaling by Down-Regulating Cell Surface Expression of the TGFβ Coreceptor Betaglycan
Authors: Looyenga Brendan D. , Wiater Ezra , Vale Wylie , Hammer Gary D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInhibin is an atypical member of the TGFβ family of signaling ligands and is classically understood to function via competitive antagonism of activin ligand binding. Inhibin-null (Inha−/−) mice develop both gonadal and adrenocortical tumors, the latter of which depend upon gonadectomy for initiation. We have previously shown that gonadectomy initiates adrenal tumorigenesis in Inha−/− mice by elevating production of LH, which drives aberrant proliferation and differentiation of subcapsular adrenocortical progenitor cells. In this study, we demonstrate that LH signaling specifically up-regulates expression of TGFβ2 in the subcapsular region of the adrenal cortex, which coincides with regions of aberrant Smad3 activation in Inha−/− adrenal glands. Consistent with a functional interaction between inhibin and TGFβ2, we further demonstrate that recombinant inhibin-A antagonizes signaling by TGFβ2 in cultured adrenocortical cells. The mechanism of this antagonism depends upon the mutual affinity of inhibin-A and TGFβ2 for the signaling coreceptor betaglycan. Although inhibin-A cannot physically displace TGFβ2 from its binding sites on betaglycan, binding of inhibin-A to the cell surface causes endocytic internalization of betaglycan, thereby reducing the number of available binding sites for TGFβ2 on the cell surface. The mechanism by which inhibin-A induces betaglycan internalization is clathrin independent, making it distinct from the mechanism by which TGFβ ligands themselves induce betaglycan internalization. These data indicate that inhibin can specifically antagonize TGFβ2 signaling in cellular contexts where surface expression of betaglycan is limiting and provide a novel mechanism for activin-independent phenotypes in Inha−/− mice.
Design and construction of large-area flexible printed-circuit automotive electrical interconnection harnesses
Authors: Webb D P , Jaggernauth W A , Cottrill M C W , Palmer P J , West A A , Conway P P 
Published: February 2010

The replacement of automotive wiring harnesses with large-area flexible printed circuits (FPCs) would help to reduce the vehicle weight and emissions. To help clarify what a future large-area FPC interconnection harness should be capable of, a detailed design exercise to meet the engineering specification of the instrument panel wiring harness of a specific midrange passenger car was carried out. To demonstrate the added value of using an FPC, intelligence in the form of active circuitry was incorporated in the designs. Two generic architectural concepts were pursued. The first, a single large-area FPC, supported the wire harness geometry, all point-to-point interconnections, and current ratings up to 4 A. However, the panel size was too large to be manufactured on existing automotive FPC process lines. The second, intended to be a collection of smaller FPCs that could be manufactured on existing automotive FPC process lines, was found not to be practical as originally conceived. A physical implementation of the single large-area FPC design was made in stages at different company sites using various pieces of equipment, some of which are not normally used for FPC or electrical circuit manufacture. Modified versions of the equipment could be used to create a large-area automotive FPC manufacturing line.
Experimental investigations on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of a neat biodiesel-fuelled, turbocharged, direct injection diesel engine
Authors: Anand K , Sharma R P , Mehta P S 
Published: February 2010

The concerns about clean environment, high oil prices, and stringent emission norms are the driving forces for the research on alternative fuels. Extensive investigations have been carried out in recent years on replacing diesel fuel by vegetable-oil-derived biodiesel fuel in compression ignition engines, mainly owing to its renewable source, reduced emissions, and direct usage without any engine modifications. The experimental work reported here has been carried out on a turbocharged, direct injection, multi-cylinder truck diesel engine using diesel fuel and neat karanja-oil-derived biodiesel under varying speed and load conditions. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that a maximum of 2.3Â°CA (crank angle) advance in dynamic fuel injection timing is observed with biodiesel compared with the diesel fuel. The ignition delay is lower for biodiesel compared with diesel fuel at all engine speeds. The peak cylinder pressure is higher at most of the operating conditions and the maximum rate of pressure rise is lower at low speeds and higher at high speeds for biodiesel compared with diesel fuel. In general an earlier start of combustion and lower combustion duration are observed for biodiesel relative to diesel fuel. The maximum thermal efficiency occurring at the maximum torque speed of 1400r/min is observed to be 40.7 per cent and 40.5 per cent for diesel and neat biodiesel respectively. A significant reduction in unburnt hydrocarbon and smoke emissions, comparable carbon monoxide emissions, and higher nitric oxide emissions are observed with biodiesel compared with diesel fuel operation. In general, an improvement in combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions, except nitric oxide, are observed for biodiesel compared with diesel fuel, with a slight penalty in brake thermal efficiency.
Drug Dosage Adjustment Using Renal Estimation Equations: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Greenberg Eric , Saad Nasser , Abraham Teena , Balmir Eric 
Published: February 2010

Purpose To examine the factors affecting drug clearance and the available evidence for drug dosing based on the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation and the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (abbrMDRD) equation. Factors that would distort the accuracy of these formulas and the affect of this distortion on the use of either formula in drug dosage adjustment were reviewed. Methods An updated review of the literature was performed that pertained to the accuracy of the CG and abbrMDRD equations and their use in drug dosage adjustment. MEDLINE was searched using the OVIDSP database, from the inception of the database (1950) through June 2008. Discussion To cover the major issues concerning the use of renal estimation equations in drug dosing adjustment, various areas were examined. Topics included the accuracy of the CG and abbrMDRD formulas, variability in these equations because of patient and laboratory factors, the isotope dilution-mass spectrometry standardization initiative, and the applicability of each formula to modifying medication doses. Conclusion Although the abbrMDRD equation has many advantages as compared with the CG equation, too little research has been completed at this time to recommend the clinical use of the abbrMDRD equation in pharmacy practice.
A new statistical method for evaluating long-term analytical performance of laboratories applied to an external quality assessment scheme for flow cytometry
Authors: Coucke Wim , Van Blerk Marjan , Libeer Jean-Claude , Van Campenhout Christel , Albert Adelin 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background: The Belgian External Quality Assessment Scheme for Flow Cytometry evaluates the long-term analytical performance of participating laboratories by calculating a regression line between the target and reported values of each parameter for each laboratory during the past 3 years. This study aims to develop a method to find laboratories with aberrant variability or bias using robust techniques and to obtain robust estimates of the variability.

Methods: A method is proposed to find outliers with respect to the individual regression line, followed by a step to find regression lines with excessive variability and finally a step to find regression lines with high bias.

Results: The model was applied to the results obtained by 52 laboratories for CD4%. From the 1340 data points, 35 were determined to be regression outliers. The second step revealed one regression line with excessive variability; the third step detected three regression lines with exceeding bias.

Conclusions: The methodology allows assessment of the long-term performance of laboratories, taking into account samples with different target values. Outliers in the first step indicate accidental mistakes, outliers in the second and third step point to high analytical variability or bias.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:645–50.
Cardiovascular risk factors and γ-glutamyltransferase fractions in healthy individuals
Authors: Franzini Maria , Paolicchi Aldo , Fornaciari Irene , Ottaviano Virginia , Fierabracci Vanna , Maltinti Maristella , Ripoli Andrea , Zyw Luc , Scatena Fabrizio , Passino Claudio , Pompella Alfonso , Emdin Michele 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background: Serum γ-glutamyltransferase activity (GGT), even when within its normal reference range, catalyzes low density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro and predicts cardiovascular events. Of the four GGT fractions (b-GGT, m-GGT, s-GGT, and f-GGT) recently identified in blood, only b-GGT is found within atherosclerotic plaques. Our goal was to identify the determinants of the GGT fractions (b-, m-, s-, and f-GGT) and their association with established cardiovascular risk factors in healthy subjects.

Methods: Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to estimate the association of fractional GGT with gender, age, body mass index, arterial pressure (AP), plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high and low density lipoproteins (LDL-C) cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 200 healthy subjects.

Results: All GGT fractions were associated with ALT; b-GGT with AP, TG, and CRP; m-GGT with LDL-C, TG and CRP; s-GGT with TG and CRP, and f-GGT only with LDL-C, whereas gender was associated with s-GGT and f-GGT only.

Conclusions: In healthy individuals, cardiovascular risk factors are associated with high molecular weight GGT fractions, namely with b-GGT, the only form present within the plaque. This finding adds to the present knowledge concerning the relevance of GGT, within its reference range, for atherosclerosis-related events.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:713–7.
Mixed mode fracture testing of adhesively bonded wood specimens using a dual actuator load frame
Authors: Singh Hitendra K. , Chakraborty Abhijit , Frazier Charles E. , Dillard David A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn experimental evaluation of mixed mode fracture tests conducted on adhesively bonded wood specimens using a dual actuator load frame is presented. This unit allows the fracture mode mixity to be easily varied during testing of a given specimen, providing improved consistency, accuracy, and ease of testing over a range of loading modes. Double cantilever beam (DCB) type specimens made of southern yellow pine (Pinusspp.) wood substrates bonded with a commercially available one part polyurethane adhesive were tested over a wide range of mode mixities from pure mode I to pure mode II. The critical strain energy release rate (SERR) values were calculated from the measured load, displacement, and crack length data, in combination with material properties and specimen geometric parameters, and compared on aversusfracture envelope plot. Mean quasi-static fracture energy values were calculated to be 390 J m-2and 420 J m-2for mode I and mode II fracture, respectively. For various mixed mode phase angles, the critical SERR values were partitioned into mode I and mode II components. In mixed mode loading conditions the cracks were typically driven along the interface, which resulted in lower total fracture energy values when compared with those measured under pure mode I loading conditions. A drop in measured fracture energy of approximately 45% was observed with mode mixity phase angles as small as 16°, implying that engineering designs based on results from the popular mode I DCB test could be nonconservative in some situations. Fracture surfaces obtained at different mode mixities are also discussed. An improved understanding of fracture behavior of adhesively bonded wood joints under mixed mode loading through generation of fracture envelopes could lead to improved designs of bonded wood structures.
Application of non-symmetrical drying tests for assessment of drying behaviour of ntholo (Pseudolachnostylis maprounaefolia PAX)
Authors: Junior Ernesto Uetimane , Allegretti Ottaviano , Terziev Nasko , Söderström Ove 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Experiments concerning drying behaviour of ntholo (Pseudolachnostylis maprounaefolia PAX) were conducted to find a suitable drying schedule. Two non-symmetrical drying (NSD) tests were carried out to determine the drying behaviour of ntholo in terms of drying rate and stress behaviour. A tentative drying schedule was selected for comparison of the test results with those of similar tests with other known species. The schedule was tested in a laboratory kiln on 28-mm thick boards. According to both NSD tests and laboratory tests, ntholo dries easily but slowly. The laboratory drying lasted 266 h and achieved standard drying quality characterised by 8.9% moisture content, a moisture gradient of 1.2% and a case-hardening (gap) of 1.2 mm. Twist was the largest deformation with 3.4 mm per 1000 mm on average. The assigned schedule provided standard drying quality and it could be tested further in industrial kilns.
Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic studies of BNSalanH2 and BPSalanH2
Authors: Ferreira Pimentel Luiz Claudio , Fernandez Tatiana Lopez , de Souza Andréa Luzia Ferreira , Wardell James L. , Antunes Octavio Augusto Ceva , Visentin Lorenzo do Canto 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of gauche-N,N′-bis-[(2-cyanoethyl)-(2-hydroxyphenylmethyl)]ethane diamine, BNSalanH2 and anti-N,N′-bis-[(methylpropanoate)-(2-hydroxyphenylmethyl)]ethane diamine, BPSalanH2 are reported. These BNSalanH2, O2N4, and BPSalanH2, O4N2, molecules have both acidic and basic groups. The BNSalanH2 and BPSalanH2 molecules adopt a gauche and anti conformation, respectively, and Z stereochemistries. The conformations are governed by intramolecular interactions of both classical and non classical hydrogen bond types. In addition, a 3D self-arrangement in BNSalanH2 is created by C-HNnitrile hydrogen bonds linking molecules along [100] and [010]. The X-ray data for BNSalanH2 are: tetragonal, P41212, a = 7.7030(11) Å, b = 7.7030(11) Å, c = 34.907(7) Å, V = 2071.2(6) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0483; for BPSalanH2 are: monoclinic, P21/c, a = 12.2572(5) Å, b = 7.9993(4), c = 13.4437(5) Å, β = 108.202(2)° V = 1252.18(9) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0614.