bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Biosensors for Food Pathogen Detection
Authors: Biswas Sonatan Kumar , Islam Md Shariful , Jia Fei , Cao Yunteng , Li Yanbin , Cao Changyong (Chase) 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFood contamination poses a significant threat to public health, the economy, and human health worldwide, occurring at any stage of the food supply chain, from farm to fork. Efficient and effective real‐time monitoring methods for the early identification and rapid detection of pathogen contamination are critical to preventing possible food safety issues. In the past decade, flexible electrochemical biosensors have rapidly expanded in the detection of foodborne pathogens, owing to their ability to function well at biological interfaces that may be soft, intrinsically curvy, irregular, or deformable. The most important features of flexible sensors are their flexibility, multifunctionality, low cost, and good compatibility with solution processing methods. These properties enable flexible sensors to be used in various applications, including smart packaging. This review focuses on the materials, structures, and fabrication methods of flexible biosensors, as well as their applications in food safety monitoring. It examines recent advances in electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors for pathogen detection, with a focus on their key components and their application in food analysis, while critically examining their current trends, particularly in conjunction with nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, gold nanoparticles, Indium tin oxide, etc. Finally, current issues and prospects for the future are discussed.
Applying simulation learning theory to identify instructional strategies for Generation Z emergency medicine residency education
Authors: Hrdy Michael , Tarver Emily M. , Lei Charles , Moss Hillary C. , Wong Ambrose H. , Moadel Tiffany , Beattie Lars K. , Lamberta Michael , Cohen Stephanie B. , Cassara Michael , Hughes Michelle D. , De Castro Aga , Sahi Nidhi , Chen Tina H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionGeneration Z learners are entering emergency medicine (EM) residency training, bringing unique learning preferences that influence their engagement with residency education. To optimally teach and motivate this incoming generation of learners, EM educators must understand and adapt to the changing instructional landscape.MethodologyThe Simulation Leaders Advancing the Next Generation in Emergency Medicine (SLANG‐EM) Workgroup was created to identify effective educational strategies for Generation Z learners entering EM. Members were faculty in the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Simulation Academy, well versed in learning theory supporting simulation‐based education (SBE) and actively involved in EM residency education.Unique treatment/analysisThrough primary and secondary literature searches, the SLANG‐EM Workgroup identified four distinctive learning preferences of Generation Z learners: (1) individualized and self‐paced learning, (2) engaging and visual learning environments, (3) immediate and actionable feedback, and (4) combined personal and academic support. Workgroup members evaluated these learning preferences using a novel conceptual framework informed by the theoretical principles underpinning SBE, recommending instructional strategies for Generation Z EM residency learners across multiple educational environments.Implications for educatorsInstructional strategies were described for the didactic, simulation, and clinical learning environments. In the didactic environment, identified instructional strategies included meaningful asynchronous education, interactive small‐group learning, and improved multimedia design. In the simulation environment, educational innovations particularly suitable for Generation Z learners included learner‐centered debriefing, rapid‐cycle deliberate practice, and virtual simulation. In the clinical environment, described instructional strategies involved setting learner‐centered goals and delivering facilitative feedback in the context of an educational alliance. Overall, these instructional strategies were clustered around themes of student‐centered education and the educator as facilitator, which align well with Generation Z learning preferences. These findings were synthesized and presented as an advanced workshop, “Delivering Effective Education to the Next Generation,” at the 2023 SAEM Annual Meeting.
We outside: Modeling equity‐centered, antiracist, community‐driven partnerships in resident education
Authors: Lewis John , Turner Anisha , James Thea , Brown Italo , Wilson Lauren Tamara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCommunity engagement is increasingly recognized as a necessity in addressing intractable racial and ethnic health disparities in the United States. However, institutions have not adequately trained resident physicians in developing symbiotic community partnerships that preserve community autonomy and identity without exploitation. Our goals were to highlight the experiences of expert academic emergency physicians in creating innovative, community‐driven, and anti‐racist solutions to achieving measurable equity in health outcomes and to introduce a novel framework entitled the Social Change Method to take a community‐embedded intervention from concept to creation.MethodsThe methodology was based on the development of a didactic session at the 2023 SAEM Annual Meeting. The three novel initiatives discussed were Emergency Medicine Remix (EMR); Trust, Research, Access, and Prevention (TRAP) Medicine; and The Health Equity Accelerator (HEA). A team of multi‐institutional experts convened to develop the session objectives through priority setting.ResultsOur expert panel discussed successes and challenges encountered while using evidence‐informed strategies to conduct their community‐based programming. Participant questions were centered on fostering sustainability, emphasizing the importance of carefully crafted interventions in the face of uncertain legislative challenges and strategies to empower others.ConclusionsEmergency medicine residency education should incorporate training on methods to leverage community partnerships to improve individual and community health outcomes. The Social Change Method can be used as a conceptual framework to generate easily re‐creatable and scalable partnerships that establish trust and forge relationships that honor identity and autonomy without exploiting community members.
The biology of reactivity in human relationships: a conversation with Victoria Harrison
Authors: MacKay Linda , Harrison Victoria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe concept of differentiation of self and its relationship to the natural capacity of humans and other social animals to adapt underpins clinician and researcher Victoria Harrison's long‐term investigation of the biology of reactivity in relationships. Victoria's early research related to infertility and reproduction demonstrated how reactivity in at least three prior generations can contribute to chronic conditions, such as endometriosis, that are less amenable to intervention. Her most recent project, the ‘Observations of Change in Physiology and Family’ research, highlights how work on differentiation of self improves functional outcomes in physical and mental health for the family. While an individual may not experience the ‘calm mind’ that is often the goal of conventional therapeutic intervention, a significant reduction in symptoms and an improvement in overall functioning and relatedness are outcomes. This occurred when participants focused on increasing person‐to‐person contact with extended family members, reducing their emotional reactivity to significant others in the important triangles of their life and family and maintaining intellectual activity, often described as curiosity, even while reacting.
Two‐channel stealthy false data injection attacks design without estimator knowledge
Authors: Wang Haoran , Ren Yuwei , Fang Yixian , Liu Ang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper primarily focuses on designing stealthy false data injection attacks targeting two communication channels in cyber‐physical systems equipped with state estimators and attack detectors. It introduces the concept of perfect attacks, rendering the attack detector unable to detect the designed attack signals, thereby enabling attackers to further destabilize the system. Through the error model designed by the attacker, the designed attack does not require knowledge of the state estimator. By injecting a carefully designed perfect attack into the communication channel, it is possible to extend the state estimation error of a residual detector system based on the Kalman filter to infinity. Moreover, this designed attack can bypass the residual‐based detector, thus achieving a completely stealthy attack. Finally, the results of theoretical derivations are validated by a numerical example and a practical case.
Can seasonal prediction models capture the Arctic mid‐latitude teleconnection on monthly time scales?
Authors: Kim Gaeun , Lee Woo‐Seop , Kim Baek‐Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explores Arctic warming's effect on Eurasia's temperature variability, notably the warm Arctic–cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern, and assesses seasonal prediction models' accuracy in capturing this phenomenon and its monthly variation. Arctic warming events are categorized into deep Arctic warming (DAW), shallow Arctic warming (SAW), warming aloft (WA), and no Arctic warming (NOAW), based on the temperatures at 2 m and 500 hPa in the Barents–Kara Sea. It is revealed that DAW events are significantly correlated with monthly cold temperature anomalies in East Asia, predominantly occurring in January–February, excluding December. This study evaluates two primary capabilities of seasonal prediction models: their proficiency in forecasting these Arctic warming events, particularly DAW, and their ability to replicate the spatial patterns associated with DAW. Some models demonstrated notable predictive skill for DAW events, with enhanced performance in January and February. Regarding spatial pattern reproduction, models showed limited alignment with the reference dataset over the Northern Hemisphere (above 25° N) in December, whereas a higher degree of concordance was observed in January–February. This indicates their capability in capturing the atmospheric circulation patterns associated with DAW, pointing to areas where model performance can be enhanced.
In Operando Study of Microsupercapacitors with Gel Electrolytes Using Nano‐Beam Synchrotron X‐ray Diffraction
Authors: Li Gui , Boulanger Nicolas , Iakunkov Artem , Xue Han , Li Jiantong , Tucoulou Rémi , Talyzin Alexandr 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSynchrotron radiation X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with nanoscale beam size was used here for in situ and in operando study of micro‐supercapacitors (MSC) with gel electrolyte and MXene Ti3C2Tx electrodes. The electrode structure was characterized as a function of applied voltage and distance from the gap separating electrodes using microscopic cells with cylindrical shape designed for transmission mode XRD. The devices with gel electrolytes based on H2SO4 (with H2O/PVA and DMSO/PVA) showed stable performance with no changes in MXene structure under voltage swaps between positive and negative values. Experiments with KI‐based electrolytes demonstrated changes of MXene structure correlated with decrease of energy storage parameters under conditions of increased operation voltage starting from 0.8 V. The optimal performance of the MSCs was observed when the MXene structure remained unchanged upon switching the applied voltage polarity. The changes of inter‐layer distance of MXene upon swap of applied voltage correlate with decrease of device performance and are undesirable for stable operation of MSC's. We also tested feasibility of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) for characterization of electrolyte ion migration in MSCs using 2D element mapping. Irreversible sorption of iodine by MXene was found using XRF mapping of charged electrodes using standard in‐plane MSC device and KI electrolyte.
Fabrication of Fe/KB Composite as Sulfur Host for Li‐S Battery
Authors: Zhao Shuailong , Qian Xinye , Jin Lina , Li Baozhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLithium sulfur battery is a novel kind of secondary battery which has high energy density, however its application is greatly affected by the shuttle effect of polysulfides generated in the redox reaction of cathode electrode. Metal active sites are supposed as effective catalysts which can absorb and accelerate the conversion efficiency of lithium polysulfides, thus the shuttle effect will be alleviated. In this work, we conducted a simple way to prepare a metal Fe doped ketjen black to serve as the sulfur host of lithium sulfur battery. Ketjen black has a large specific surface area and rich porous structure, while Fe nanodot is an excellent catalyst for lithium polysulfides. Because of these advantages, the Fe/KB host can effectively confine a large amount of active material and accelerate its, therefore the Fe/KB−S cathode electrode show an excellent electrochemical performance.
The ABCs of the 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease
Authors: Khorsandi Michael , Blumenthal Roger S. , Blaha Michael J. , Kohli Payal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe 2023 Multisociety Guideline for the Management of Chronic Coronary Disease (CCD) updates recommendations for CCD, formerly known as “stable ischemic heart disease.” This condition encompasses a spectrum of coronary vascular pathologies from subclinical to clinical ischemic heart disease.HypothesisThe new “ABC” mnemonic offers clinicians a streamlined framework for applying Class One Recommendations (COR1) and integrating recent updates into CCD management.MethodsA critical analysis of the 2023 CCD guidelines was conducted, with this review highlighting key elements.ResultsThe review outlines crucial changes, including novel recommendations supported by current clinical evidence. The focus is on these developments, clarifying their importance for day‐to‐day clinical practice.ConclusionsThe review encourages a synergistic approach between primary healthcare providers and cardiologists to develop comprehensive strategies for lifestyle modification and medication therapy in CCD care. Furthermore, it suggests that utilizing comprehensive risk assessment tools can refine medical decision‐making, ultimately enhancing patient care and clinical outcomes.
Transmittance estimation of translucent polymeric pellets
Authors: Wu Jiaying , Luo Zhenhua , Dougherty Joseph , Shamey Renzo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlastics are commonly produced and sold in pellet form due to their superior handling characteristics. However, due to their small size, it is often impractical, if not unfeasible, to determine the transmittance of a single pellet instrumentally. Moreover, such measurements may be highly variable. Therefore, translucent films of certain thickness, known as plaques, are commonly molded to enable instrumental determination of their transmittance. These plaques, however, are not needed beyond the quality control process while they add a costly step to the production process. In this study, we test a method, based on the layer theory, that enables the estimation of the transmittance spectra of nearly transparent plastic plaques from the reflectance measurements of their pellet counterparts. The comparison of the estimated transmittance spectra of pellets versus measured transmittance of plaques shows the RMSE ranging from 0.37%–1.80%, with a color difference, CIEDE2000(1:1:1), of 0.07–0.48, thus validating the applicability of the method.
Identifying genomic regions associated with key agro‐morphological traits in soft red winter wheat using genome‐wide association study
Authors: Subedi Madhav , Bagwell John W. , Ghimire Bikash , Lopez Benjamin , Sapkota Suraj , Babar Md. Ali , Mergoum Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAgro‐morphological traits play a significant role in the adaptation of wheat to diverse agroecosystems. Genetic understanding of these traits is crucial to develop cultivars adapted to specific environments and maximize their productivity. This is a comprehensive genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of 230 diverse lines of soft red winter wheat for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to eight key agro‐morphological traits. The diversity panel was evaluated in two locations for three consecutive years (2020–2023). A total of 150 significant marker–trait associations were detected, including 65 for three flag leaf traits, 35 for peduncle length, 33 for plant height, 16 for heading date, and one for plant vigor using 27,466 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Eleven high‐confidence major‐effect QTLs explaining greater than 10% phenotypic variance were detected, of which seven were stable, and one showed an association with plant height and peduncle length. QTLs possibly allelic for important dwarfing (Rht23) and vernalization (Vrn‐B1) genes were identified. Six QTLs, QFlw.uga‐1A, QPdl.uga‐1A, QFlw.uga‐2B.2, QPdl.uga‐5A, QPdl.uga‐7A, and QPht.uga‐7B, are presumed to be novel, and nearby candidate gene(s) were identified for all except QPdl.uga‐1A. The pyramiding of favorable alleles from major‐effect QTLs was found to have significant improvement in peduncle length (shortened by 5 cm), flag leaf width (increased by 0.18 cm), and plant height (shortened by 11 cm). This study has improved our genetic understanding of important agro‐morphological traits. These results, upon further validation, can be used in breeding for desirable plant architecture to improve wheat yield potential.
Board gender diversity and corporate social irresponsibility in a dominant owner context
Authors: Fleitas‐Castillo Gema C. , Peña‐Martel Devora , Pérez‐Alemán Jerónimo , Santana‐Martín Domingo Javier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe growing prominence of women directors has increased interest in their role in firms' social performance. However, knowledge of what impact female directors might have on corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) remains virtually non‐existent. This study aims to fill this gap. Using a sample of 107 Spanish listed non‐financial companies from the OSIRIS database (Bureau Van Dijk) for the period 2014–2022, together with alternative regression methods to account for endogeneity (2SLS, propensity scoring matching and generalised method of moments), our results show an inverted U‐shaped relationship between female directors and CSI. This supports arguments that dominant owners might appoint a small number of female directors symbolically to create a ‘halo effect’ or to enhance their public image and thus reinforce their entrenchment and divert attention away from CSI episodes. However, the appointment of a critical mass of female directors does evidence dominant owner commitment to move away from irresponsible corporate practices, since the presence of a larger number of female directors encourages the firm's ethical behaviour and increases the costs of penalising CSI episodes in the face of the firm's hypocritical behaviour. This study contributes to the emerging literature on CSI by complementing the knowledge gained from studies on ethical behaviour in a concentrated ownership setting. However, the study is not without limitations, especially in terms of the difficulty of measuring CSI episodes since, despite the work of the media, some socially irresponsible practices may remain hidden.
The role of neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes on patterns of genetic diversity across small cave‐dwelling populations of Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
Authors: Judson Braden J. , Kristjánsson Bjarni K. , Leblanc Camille A.‐L. , Ferguson Moira M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the adaptability of small populations in the face of environmental change is a central problem in evolutionary biology. Solving this problem is challenging because neutral evolutionary processes that operate on historical and contemporary timescales can override the effects of selection in small populations. We assessed the effects of isolation by colonization (IBC), isolation by dispersal limitation (IBDL) as reflected by a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD), and isolation by adaptation (IBA) and the roles of genetic drift and gene flow on patterns of genetic differentiation among 19 cave‐dwelling populations of Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). We detected evidence of IBC based on the genetic affinity of nearby cave populations and the genetic relationships between the cave populations and the presumed ancestral population in the lake. A pattern of IBD was evident regardless of whether high‐level genetic structuring (IBC) was taken into account. Genetic signatures of bottlenecks and lower genetic diversity in smaller populations indicate the effect of drift. Estimates of gene flow and fish movement suggest that gene flow is limited to nearby populations. In contrast, we found little evidence of IBA as patterns of local ecological and phenotypic variation showed little association with genetic differentiation among populations. Thus, patterns of genetic variation in these small populations likely reflect localized gene flow and genetic drift superimposed onto a larger‐scale structure that is largely a result of colonization history. Our simultaneous assessment of the effects of neutral and adaptive processes in a tractable and replicated system has yielded novel insights into the evolution of small populations on both historical and contemporary timescales and over a smaller spatial scale than is typically studied.
Ecology and abundance of a relict population of the bush cricket Saga pedo in the Northern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Repetto Emanuele , Milanesi Pietro , De Caria Livia , Della Rocca Francesca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe expansion of forest cover and intensification of agriculture represent the main threats to the bush cricket Saga pedo, currently listed as Vulnerable globally by the IUCN and included in Annex IV of the European Union Habitats Directive. Gathering information on its ecology and population size is challenging due to its low abundance and localized distribution. Additionally, the elusive and cryptic behavior of this species reduces the likelihood of its detection, potentially resulting in population underestimations. Thus, in this study, we aimed to (1) estimate S. pedo population size in relation to environmental variables and prey availability and (2) predict abundance of S. pedo in our study area for future monitoring in nearby territories. We found that the population of S. pedo in our study area consists of 197 (±115) individuals with a detection probability of 21.01% (±11.09). Detection probability of S. pedo further decreases on windy days. Moreover, we found that the investigated population of S. pedo occupies suboptimal areas, as highlighted not only by the predicted abundances but also by the association between S. pedo and other subfamilies of orthoptera that are ecologically very distant from our target species and mostly linked to mesophilic biotopes. Most of the individuals we observed are concentrated in small clearings completely within wooded matrices and therefore isolated from each other. Based on our results, it is possible that forest expansion toward open meadows represents the main threat to this population, transforming the clearings and xeric meadows (to which S. pedo is linked) into small and fragmented patches that are suboptimal and insufficient to host viable populations.