bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed cervical spine injury
Authors: Wiles Matthew D. , Iliff Helen A. , Brooks Katherine , Da Silva Egidio J. , Donnellon Mike , Gardner Adrian , Harris Matthew , Leech Caroline , Mathieu Steve , Moor Paul , Prisco Lara , Rivett Kate , Tait Frances , El‐Boghdadly Kariem 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundThere are concerns that airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed cervical spine injury may exacerbate an existing neurological deficit, cause a new spinal cord injury or be hazardous due to precautions to avoid neurological injury. However, there are no evidence‐based guidelines for practicing clinicians to support safe and effective airway management in this setting.MethodsAn expert multidisciplinary, multi‐society working party conducted a systematic review of contemporary literature (January 2012–June 2022), followed by a three‐round Delphi process to produce guidelines to improve airway management for patients with suspected or confirmed cervical spine injury.ResultsWe included 67 articles in the systematic review, and successfully agreed 23 recommendations. Evidence supporting recommendations was generally modest, and only one moderate and two strong recommendations were made. Overall, recommendations highlight key principles and techniques for pre‐oxygenation and facemask ventilation; supraglottic airway device use; tracheal intubation; adjuncts during tracheal intubation; cricoid force and external laryngeal manipulation; emergency front‐of‐neck airway access; awake tracheal intubation; and cervical spine immobilisation. We also signpost to recommendations on pre‐hospital care, military settings and principles in human factors.ConclusionsIt is hoped that the pragmatic approach to airway management made within these guidelines will improve the safety and efficacy of airway management in adult patients with suspected or confirmed cervical spine injury.
Greater mobile device‐prompted phone pickups are associated with daily parent stress
Authors: Munzer Tiffany G. , Miller Alison L. , Weeks Heidi M. , Kaciroti Niko , Radesky Jenny 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimNo studies have examined notifications as they relate to parent stress. We aimed to examine associations between objective daily mobile device notifications and pickups with daily parenting stress.MethodsThis was a within‐ and between‐subjects, cross‐sectional study that took place from 2020 to 2021. The study occurred during the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic. Data were collected in a low‐contact home visit. This study included 62 parents of 62 children aged 48–71 months. Parents downloaded a passive sensing app on their Android mobile devices collecting data on duration, device notifications and device pickups. Parents completed an end‐of‐day stress survey for 4 days. We used random effects models to examine the variation of daily stress with smartphone duration, notification frequency, pickup frequency and device‐initiated pickups, adjusting for covariates.ResultsParents were on average 37.3 years old (SD ± 5.7) and were predominantly mothers (82.3%). On average, parents received 293 daily notifications and picked up their phones 93 times. Duration of smartphone use and notification frequency were not associated with daily stress. Device‐initiated pickups were associated with daily parent stress.ConclusionWhen notifications prompted parents to pick up their phones more often, parents experienced greater stress.
Managing common toxicities associated with checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy combinations for untreated classic Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kuczmarski Thomas M. , Lynch Ryan C. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryCombination checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) and chemotherapy is an effective and safe treatment strategy for patients with untreated classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Recent studies of programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors combined with doxorubicin, vinblastine and dacarbazine have demonstrated high overall and complete response rates. This combination has a unique toxicity profile that should be managed appropriately so as not to compromise treatment efficacy. Common toxicities include rash, hepatoxicity, neutropenia and thyroid dysfunction. Here, we present four cases and the management strategies around such toxicities. In addition, we highlight key clinical decision‐making around the administration of subsequent doses of CPI and chemotherapy.
A daily diary study of discrimination and distress in Mexican‐origin adolescents: Testing mediating mechanisms
Authors: Park Irene J. K. , Wang Lijuan , Li Ruoxuan , Yip Tiffany , Valentino Kristin , Cruz‐Gonzalez Mario , Giraldo‐Santiago Natalia , Lorenzo Kyle , Zhen‐Duan Jenny , Alvarez Kiara , Alegría Margarita 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present 21‐day daily diary study (conducted 2021–2022) tested anger and racism‐related vigilance as potential transdiagnostic mediators linking exposure to racial and ethnic discrimination (RED) to distress (negative affect and stress, respectively). The data analytic sample included N = 317 Mexican‐origin adolescents (Mage = 13.5 years; 50.8% male, 46.7% female; 2.5% non‐binary) from the Midwestern United States. Results from longitudinal mediation models revealed significant mediation effects through anger and racism‐related vigilance, respectively, in the association between daily RED and daily distress, both within and across adolescents. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed so that future work can leverage these novel findings toward promoting the well‐being of Mexican‐origin adolescents, especially those who live in contexts of ethnoracial adversity.
Risk prediction algorithms for prolonged postoperative ileus: A systematic review
Authors: Liu Gordon Xin Hua , Milne Tony , Xu William , Varghese Chris , Keane Celia , O'Grady Greg , Bissett Ian P. , Wells Cameron I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimProlonged postoperative ileus (PPOI) is common and is associated with a significant healthcare burden. Previous studies have attempted to predict PPOI clinically using risk prediction algorithms. The aim of this work was to systematically review and compare risk prediction algorithms for PPOI following colorectal surgery.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL Plus. Studies that developed and/or validated a risk prediction algorithm for PPOI in adults following colorectal surgery were included. Data were collected on study design, population and operative characteristics, the definition of PPOI used and risk prediction algorithm design and performance. Quality appraisal was assessed using the PROBAST tool.ResultsEleven studies with 87 549 participants were included in our review. Most were retrospective, single‐centre analyses (6/11, 55%) and rates of PPOI varied from 10% to 28%. The most commonly used variables were sex (8/11, 73%), age (6/11, 55%) and surgical approach (5/11, 45%). Area under the curve ranged from 0.68–0.78, and only three models were validated. However, there was significant variation in the definition of PPOI used. No study reported sensitivity, specificity or positive/negative predictive values.ConclusionCurrently available risk prediction algorithms for PPOI appear to discriminate moderately well, although there is a lack of validation data. Future studies should aim to use a standardized definition of PPOI, comprehensively report model performance and validate their findings using internal and external methodologies.
Pharmacokinetic interactions between fexuprazan, a potassium‐competitive acid blocker, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in healthy males
Authors: Won Heejae , Kim Eunwoo , Chae Jihye , Lee Hyejung , Cho Joo‐Youn , Jang In‐Jin , Chung Jae‐Yong , Kim Min‐Gul , Lee SeungHwan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFexuprazan, a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, is expected to be used for the prevention of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced ulcer. This study aimed to evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between fexuprazan and NSAIDs in healthy subjects. A randomized, open‐label, multicenter, six‐sequence, one‐way crossover study was conducted in healthy male subjects. Subjects randomly received one of the study drugs (fexuprazan 40 mg BID, celecoxib 200 mg BID, naproxen 500 mg BID, or meloxicam 15 mg QD) for 5 or 7 days in the first period followed by the combination of fexuprazan and one of NSAIDs for the same days and the perpetrator additionally administered for 1–2 days in the second period. Serial blood samples for PK analysis were collected until 48‐ or 72‐h post‐dose at steady state. PK parameters including maximum plasma concentration at steady state (Cmax,ss) and area under plasma concentration–time curve over dosing interval at steady state (AUCτ,ss) were compared between monotherapy and combination therapy. The PKs of NSAIDs were not significantly altered by fexuprazan. For fexuprazan, differences in PK parameters (22% in Cmax, 19% in AUCτ,ss) were observed when co‐administered with naproxen, but not clinically significant. The geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) of combination therapy to monotherapy for Cmax,ss and AUCτ,ss was 1.22 (1.02–1.46) and 1.19 (1.00–1.43), respectively. There were no significant changes in the systemic exposure of fexuprazan by celecoxib and meloxicam. Fexuprazan and NSAIDs did not show clinically meaningful PK interactions.
Earlier detection of gestational diabetes impacts on medication requirements, neonatal and maternal outcomes
Authors: Tirado‐Aguilar Omar Alberto , Martinez‐Cruz Nayeli , Arce‐Sanchez Lidia , Borboa‐Olivares Hector , Reyes‐Muñoz Enrique , Espino‐y‐Sosa Salvador , Villafan‐Bernal Jose Rafael , Martinez‐Portilla Raigam Jafet , Estrada‐Gutierrez Guadalupe , Uribe‐Torres Regina , Tirado Aguilar Ricardo Daniel , Lopez‐Torres Maria Fernanda , Ramos‐Mendoza Cecilia , Camacho‐Martinez Zaira Alexi , Aguilar‐Jaimes Nelson Yesid , Torres‐Torres Johnatan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimGestational diabetes (GD) is a global health concern with significant implications for maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study investigates the association between early GD (eGD) diagnosis (<24 weeks), pharmacotherapy requirements and adverse neonatal outcomes.Materials and MethodsA cohort of 369 pregnant women underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test. Maternal variables, pharmacotherapy prescriptions and neonatal outcomes were analysed employing t‐tests, χ2 tests, and logistic regression. A p < .05 was considered significant.ResultsEarly GD increased the odds of neonatal hypoglycaemia [odds ratio (OR): 18.57, p = .013] and respiratory distress syndrome (OR: 4.75, p = .034). Nutritional therapy prescription by an accredited nutritionist was the most common treatment in women diagnosed after 24 weeks, but those with eGD required more frequently specialized nutritional consulting + metformin to achieve glycaemic control (p = .027). eGD was associated with a higher requirement of nutritional therapy prescription + metformin (OR: 2.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.25‐4.09, p = .007) and with maternal hyperglycaemia during the post‐partum period at 2 h of the oral glucose tolerance test (OR: 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.02‐1.13, p = .024).ConclusionTimely diagnosis and personalized treatment of GD are desirable because an earlier presentation is related to a higher risk of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.
Predicting amyloid‐PET and clinical conversion in apolipoprotein E ε3/ε3 non‐demented individuals with multidimensional factors
Authors: Xu Lijuan , Ren Chao , Jing Chenxi , Wang Gang , Wei Hongchun , Kong Min , Ba Maowen ,   for Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is a well‐established risk factor of amyloid‐β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, because of the high prevalence of APOE ε3, there may be a large number of people with APOE ε3/ε3 who are non‐demented and have Aβ pathology. There are limited studies on assessing Aβ status and clinical conversion in the APOE ε3/ε3 non‐demented population. Two hundred and ninety‐three non‐demented individuals with APOE ε3/ε3 from ADNI database were divided into Aβ‐positron emission tomography (Aβ‐PET) positivity (+) and Aβ‐PET negativity (−) groups using cut‐off value of >1.11. Stepwise regression searched for a single or multidimensional clinical variables for predicting Aβ‐PET (+), and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) assessed the accuracy of the predictive models. The Cox regression model explored the risk factors associated with clinical conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD. The results showed that the combination of sex, education, ventricle and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume can accurately predict Aβ‐PET status in cognitively normal (CN), and the combination of everyday cognition study partner total (EcogSPTotal) score, age, plasma p‐tau 181 and WMH can accurately predict Aβ‐PET status in MCI individuals. EcogSPTotal score were independent predictors of clinical conversion to MCI or AD. The findings may provide a non‐invasive and effective tool to improve the efficiency of screening Aβ‐PET (+), accelerate and reduce costs of AD trial recruitment in future secondary prevention trials or help to select patients at high risk of disease progression in clinical trials.
The paleoredox context of early eukaryotic evolution: insights from the Tonian Mackenzie Mountains Supergroup, Canada
Authors: Maloney Katie M. , Halverson Galen P. , Lechte Maxwell , Gibson Timothy M. , Bui Thi Hao , Schiffbauer James D. , Laflamme Marc 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTonian (ca. 1000–720 Ma) marine environments are hypothesised to have experienced major redox changes coinciding with the evolution and diversification of multicellular eukaryotes. In particular, the earliest Tonian stratigraphic record features the colonisation of benthic habitats by multicellular macroscopic algae, which would have been powerful ecosystem engineers that contributed to the oxygenation of the oceans and the reorganisation of biogeochemical cycles. However, the paleoredox context of this expansion of macroalgal habitats in Tonian nearshore marine environments remains uncertain due to limited well‐preserved fossils and stratigraphy. As such, the interdependent relationship between early complex life and ocean redox state is unclear. An assemblage of macrofossils including the chlorophyte macroalga Archaeochaeta guncho was recently discovered in the lower Mackenzie Mountains Supergroup in Yukon (Canada), which archives marine sedimentation from ca. 950–775 Ma, permitting investigation into environmental evolution coincident with eukaryotic ecosystem evolution and expansion. Here we present multi‐proxy geochemical data from the lower Mackenzie Mountains Supergroup to constrain the paleoredox environment within which these large benthic macroalgae thrived. Two transects show evidence for basin‐wide anoxic (ferruginous) oceanic conditions (i.e., high FeHR/FeT, low Fepy/FeHR), with muted redox‐sensitive trace metal enrichments and possible seasonal variability. However, the weathering of sulfide minerals in the studied samples may obscure geochemical signatures of euxinic conditions. These results suggest that macroalgae colonized shallow environments in an ocean that remained dominantly anoxic with limited evidence for oxygenation until ca. 850 Ma. Collectively, these geochemical results provide novel insights into the environmental conditions surrounding the evolution and expansion of benthic macroalgae and the eventual dominance of oxygenated oceanic conditions required for the later emergence of animals.
Global synthesis on the response of soil microbial necromass carbon to climate‐smart agriculture
Authors: Li Yüze , Wang Shengnan , Yang Yali , Ren Liang , Wang Ziting , Liao Yuncheng , Yong Taiwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate‐smart agriculture (CSA) supports the sustainability of crop production and food security, and benefiting soil carbon storage. Despite the critical importance of microorganisms in the carbon cycle, systematic investigations on the influence of CSA on soil microbial necromass carbon and its driving factors are still limited. We evaluated 472 observations from 73 peer‐reviewed articles to show that, compared to conventional practice, CSA generally increased soil microbial necromass carbon concentrations by 18.24%. These benefits to soil microbial necromass carbon, as assessed by amino sugar biomarkers, are complex and influenced by a variety of soil, climatic, spatial, and biological factors. Changes in living microbial biomass are the most significant predictor of total, fungal, and bacterial necromass carbon affected by CSA; in 61.9%–67.3% of paired observations, the CSA measures simultaneously increased living microbial biomass and microbial necromass carbon. Land restoration and nutrient management therein largely promoted microbial necromass carbon storage, while cover crop has a minor effect. Additionally, the effects were directly influenced by elevation and mean annual temperature, and indirectly by soil texture and initial organic carbon content. In the optimal scenario, the potential global carbon accrual rate of CSA through microbial necromass is approximately 980 Mt C year−1, assuming organic amendment is included following conservation tillage and appropriate land restoration. In conclusion, our study suggests that increasing soil microbial necromass carbon through CSA provides a vital way of mitigating carbon loss. This emphasizes the invisible yet significant influence of soil microbial anabolic activity on global carbon dynamics.
The spatial‐temporal evolution of urban development patterns in Chinese cities: Dynamics and interpretations
Authors: Li Wenzheng , Schmidt Stephan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the spatial‐temporal evolution of urban spatial structure across 269 Chinese prefectural cities from 2002 to 2019. Our analysis identifies a consistent trend toward a more polycentric configuration in the 25 Chinese mega‐cities during this period, primarily due to population growth and a supportive policy environment. However, the evolutionary pathways of small‐ and medium‐sized cities unfolded in a rather complex and diverse manner, with some becoming more polycentric while the majority adhering to a monocentric trajectory. In these cases, population growth is usually associated with a more monocentric pattern, characterized by rapid expansion of the urban core, while polycentric development is primarily attributed to specific spatial policies that support the emergence of subcenters. We conclude that polycentric development, while potentially suitable for mega‐cities to alleviate diseconomies of scale, may be less appropriate for small‐ and medium‐sized cities as it may constrain growth associated with agglomeration economies. We suggest that the development and implementation of regional spatial policy should be considerate of local historical paths and contextual factors. Finally, we propose a stylized framework to more accurately reflect the diverse and complex nature of urban spatial structure evolution in Chinese prefectural cities.
The impact of the migraine treatment onabotulinumtoxinA on inflammatory and pain responses: Insights from an animal model
Authors: Reducha Philip Victor , Bömers Jesper Peter , Edvinsson Lars , Haanes Kristian Agmund 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveMigraine, a prevalent and debilitating disease, involves complex pathophysiology possibly including inflammation and heightened pain sensitivity. The current study utilized the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammation, with onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT/A) as a treatment of interest due to its use in clinical migraine management. Using an animal model, the study sought to investigate the role of BoNT/A in modulating CFA‐induced inflammation, alterations in pain sensitivity, and the regulation of calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) release. Further, we aimed to assess the changes in SNAP‐25 through western blot analysis to gain insights into the mechanistic action of BoNT/A.MethodsBoNT/A or control was administered subcutaneously at the periorbital region of rats 3 days before the induction of inflammation using CFA. Periorbital mechanical sensitivity was assessed post‐inflammation, and alterations in CGRP release were evaluated. Changes in SNAP‐25 levels were determined using western blot analysis.ResultsUpon CFA‐induced inflammation, there was a marked increase in periorbital mechanical sensitivity, with the inflammation side showing increased sensitivity compared to other periorbital areas. BoNT/A did decrease the withdrawal thresholds in the electronic von Frey test. Despite not being able to observe differences in pain thresholds or CGRP release, BoNT/A reduced baseline release under CFA inflamed conditions. Analysis of SNAP‐25 levels in the trigeminal ganglion revealed both intact and cleaved forms that were notably elevated in BoNT/A‐treated animals. These findings, derived from western blot analysis, suggest an effect on neurotransmitter release.ConclusionOur investigation highlights the role of BoNT/A in reducing baseline CGRP in the context of inflammation and its involvement in SNAP‐25 cleavage. In contrast, BoNT/A did not appear to alter facial pain sensitivity induced by inflammation, suggesting that mechanisms other than baseline CGRP could be implicated in the elevated thresholds in the CFA model.
Commissioning and co‐production in health and care services in the United Kingdom and Ireland: An exploratory literature review
Authors: Scott Rebecca J. , Mathie Elspeth , Newman Hannah J. H. , Almack Kathryn , Brady Louca‐Mai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis exploratory literature review seeks to examine the literature around commissioning processes in the co‐production of health and care services, focusing on two questions: How do health and care commissioning processes facilitate and/or pose barriers to co‐production in service design and delivery? What are the contextual factors that influence these processes?MethodA systematic search of three databases (Medline, Public Health and Social Policy and Practice) and a search platform (Web of Science) was conducted for the period 2008–2023. A total of 2675 records were retrieved. After deduplication, 1925 were screened at title and abstract level. Forty‐seven reports from 42 United Kingdom and Ireland studies were included in the review. A thematic synthesis of included studies was conducted in relation to the research questions.ResultsThe review identified one overarching theme across the synthesised literature: the complexity of the commissioning landscape. Three interconnected subthemes illuminate the contextual factors that influence this landscape: commissioners as leaders of co‐production; navigating relationships and the collective voice.ConclusionCommissioning processes were commonly a barrier to the co‐production of health and care services. Though co‐production was an aspiration for many commissioners, the political and economic environment and service pressures meant that it was often not fully realised. More flexible funding models, longer‐term pilot projects, an increased emphasis in social value across the health and care system and building capacity for strong leadership in commissioning is needed.Patient and Public ContributionPatients and the public did not contribute to this review as it was a small piece of work following on from a completed project, with no budget for public involvement.