bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origin of deformation structures in periglacial fluvial sediments of the Wisłok Valley, southeast Poland
Authors: Superson J. , Gębica P. , Brzezińska‐Wójcik T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNumerous deformation structures of various shapes and internal structures (drop‐like and pocket‐like structures, folds, streaks and diapirs) are present in the Weichselian alluvial terrace sands and loams of the Wisłok river (Sandomierz Basin, southeast Poland). A detailed study of the structures leads to the conclusion that they originated from cryostatic pressure, gravitational loading of sediments with reversed density gradient and thermokarst. Under cryostatic pressure, irregular structures formed in channel sands and gravels and wide folds occurred in clayey organic loams during the Greenland Stadial 2 when permafrost expanded. The variable forms and complex structure record the progress of downward displacement interrupted at various stages by water escape. Small sandy load casts and folds in the lower and middle parts of flood rhythmite also formed during the Greenland Stadial 2 when permafrost stabilised. Large deformation structures in the topmost rhythmite layers formed under the weight of overlying channel deposits during the Greenland Interstadial 1 as permafrost degraded. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Healthcare costs within a year of respiratory syncytial virus among medicaid infants
Authors: Palmer Liisa , Hall Caroline B. , Katkin Julie P. , Shi Nianwen , Masaquel Anthony S. , McLaurin Kimmie K. , Mahadevia Parthiv J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLimited research exists on the economic impact of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory infection (RSV LRI) among vulnerable infant populations. This study evaluated healthcare costs of full‐term and late‐preterm Medicaid infants with RSV LRI within 1 year of infection. Medicaid administrative claims were used to conduct a retrospective study of infants born 2003–2005. Full‐term and late‐preterm infants <1 year old were assigned to groups based on RSV LRI and unspecified bronchiolitis/pneumonia (UBP) diagnosis codes and stratified by setting of diagnosis. Infants without evidence of RSV LRI/UBP were selected as a comparison group. Economic and clinical outcomes were analyzed descriptively using propensity score weighting, and logged ordinary least squares models were used to examine relationship between RSV and costs incurred within 1 year of infection. RSV LRI and UBP infants, regardless of gestational age or healthcare setting, were more likely to experience respiratory diagnoses of wheezing and infantile asthma versus comparisons. Adjusted and weighted healthcare costs were significantly higher for all groups of RSV LRI and UBP infants relative to comparison infants (P < 0.001). Among late‐preterm infants with inpatient and outpatient RSV, marginal costs compared with controls were $17,465 and $2,158, respectively. Costs for RSV LRI and UBP Medicaid infants are substantial. While much of the costs result from initial RSV episodes, higher post‐episode costs and rates of respiratory events, procedures, and medications in RSV and UBP infants versus comparisons indicate long‐term economic impact from infection and the impact is greater among late‐preterm compared to full‐term infants. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2010; 45:772–781. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asthma presentations by children to emergency departments in a Canadian province: A population‐based study
Authors: Rosychuk Rhonda J. , Voaklander Donald C. , Klassen Terry P. , Senthilselvan Ambikaipakan , Marrie Thomas J. , Rowe Brian H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundAsthma has a high prevalence in North American children and exacerbations presenting to the emergency department (ED) setting are common.ObjectiveDescribe the epidemiology of asthma presentations to EDs by children residing in a large geographic area (Alberta, Canada).MethodsData were extracted from provincial administrative databases for children <18 years of age from April 1999 to March 2005. Information extracted included demographics, ED visit timing, and subsequent visits to non‐ED settings. Analysis included summaries and rates.ResultsA total of 94,187 ED visits for asthma (45,385 children) were obtained. Visits were more common by boys (61.3%); after age 14, more females presented. The standardized rates remained stable over time; 21.1/1,000 in 1999/2000 compared to 19.8/1,000 in 2004/2005. Welfare recipients and Aboriginals had higher rates than other groups. Important daily, weekly, and monthly trends were seen. Approximately 10% were admitted; 5.4% of those discharged had a repeat ED visit within 7 days and 71% had not completed a non‐ED follow‐up visit within 7 days. The median time to the first follow‐up visit was 26 days.ConclusionsAcute asthma is an important and relatively common ED presentation in childhood. Despite guidelines and improved treatments, this study failed to identify decreased presentation rates over time; disparities were based on age, sex, and socio‐economic/cultural status. Few children were reassessed within a week of their ED visit. Further study is required to understand the factors associated with these variations and the effectiveness of interventions targeted at specific groups to reduce the asthma‐related ED visits. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:985–992. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effect of Taping, Quadriceps Strengthening and Stretching Prescribed Separately or Combined on Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Mason Marjon , Keays Susan L. , Newcombe Peter A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Quadriceps strengthening, quadriceps stretching and patellar taping are commonly prescribed together for patellofemoral pain patients. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of each of these techniques in isolation for one week and in combination for one week. Methods. A prospective double‐blind randomized control study was designed involving 41 subjects with 60 knees diagnosed with patellofemoral pain. The knees were randomized in onto one of four groups (n = 15): infrapatellar taping, quadriceps strengthening, quadriceps stretching and control. The taping was worn continually for the week; the strengthening group followed a programme of non‐weight‐bearing terminal range quadriceps exercises, the stretching group performed rectus femoris stretches. The control group did not receive treatment. All subjects received advice. Seven pre‐ and post‐treatment measures included isokinetic quadriceps strength, quadriceps length, pain measured during four activities and maximum eccentric, posturally controlled, pain‐free knee flexion angle during a step‐down. Results showed significant changes over time (p < 0.01) in two out of seven measures for the taping group, in five out of seven for the strengthening group and five out of seven for the stretching group and none in the control group. When the three modalities were combined for one week, (n = 60) all seven measures improved significantly (p < 0.01). Conclusion. In isolation, quadriceps stretching and quadriceps strengthening resulted in more improvements than taping. Combining these treatments is recommended as the initial approach to treating patellofemoral pain but further individualized more functional, global treatment is essential. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow cytometric detection of prostate tumor cells using chemoaffinity labels
Authors: Wu Lisa Y. , Liu Tiancheng , Grimm Amanda L. , Davis William C. , Berkman Clifford E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe enzyme‐biomarker prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an emerging target for imaging and therapeutic applications for prostate cancer. However, the use of PSMA for detecting circulating prostate tumor cells remains under‐explored. The present study focuses on the specific labeling of PSMA+ prostate cancer cells with a fluorescent PSMA inhibitor and the quantitation of PSMA+ cells in blood by flow cytometry (FC) using a gating strategy to separate labeled PSMA+ cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.METHODSSuspensions of PSMA+ (LNCaP) and PSMA− (DU145) cells were incubated with the fluorescent PSMA inhibitor FAMX‐CTT‐54. Incubation parameters (time, temperature, and label concentration) were varied to optimize cell labeling. A gating protocol based on double fluorescent labeling of CD45 and PSMA was developed for the quantitiation of LNCaP cells in the presence of white blood cells from bovine blood. Nonfluorescent beads were added to the labeled cell mixture and served as internal standard for precise cellular quantification of LNCaP cells by flow cytometry.RESULTSThe fluorescent PSMA inhibitor FAMX‐CTT‐54 was specific for PSMA+ cells. The minimum time and concentration of FAMX‐CTT‐54 for effective labeling of PSMA+ cell suspensions at 37°C was 7.5 min and 35 nM, respectively; no labeling was observed on PSMA− cells. Co‐incubation or pre‐incubation of PSMA+ cells with the unlabeled PSMA inhibitor CTT‐54 resulted in a concentration‐dependent reduction in fluorescent labeling with FAMX‐CTT‐54 thereby confirming that the labeling was specific for PSMA. In blood samples in which LNCaP cells were added, an average of five cells were detected in a 115 µl sample of the most dilute sample examined (29 cells/ml); three cells were expected theoretically. The greater loss of labeling of PSMA+ cells with FAMX‐CTT‐54 when pre‐incubated with CTT‐54 is consistent with the irreversible mode of binding of CTT‐54 to PSMA and subsequent internalization of the PSMA‐inhibitor complex.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that fluorescent PSMA inhibitors can be utilized to effectively detect and quantify PSMA+ cells by FC. These results support the use of such compounds in the application of FC to detect, quantify, and characterize circulating prostate tumor cells. Prostate 71: 52–61, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits C4‐2 prostate cancer cell growth via a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)‐independent G1 arrest
Authors: Washington Michele N. , Kim Jung‐Sun , Weigel Nancy L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe active metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) reduces the growth of several prostate cancer cell lines, most commonly by inducing a cell‐cycle arrest in G1. This is mediated, in part, through down‐regulation of c‐Myc, a positive regulator of the transcription factor, E2F. There is evidence that prostate cancer cells lacking functional retinoblastoma protein (Rb), a negative regulator of E2F activity, are poorly responsive to 1,25D treatment. Since up to 60% of prostate cancers demonstrate a loss of heterozygosity for Rb, we sought to determine whether Rb is required for the growth inhibitory effects of 1,25D.METHODSUsing siRNA, Rb was reduced in C4‐2 prostate cancer cells, and the response of cells to 1,25D treatment or depletion of c‐myc measured by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation and flow cytometry. The effects of 1,25D treatment on E2F levels and activity, and E2F target gene expression were also measured.RESULTS1,25D treatment and c‐Myc depletion both cause a G1 arrest inhibiting C4‐2 cell proliferation independently of Rb. 1,25D reduces c‐Myc expression and causes a decrease in E2F and E2F target genes. Bcl‐2, an E2F target and positive regulator of C4‐2 cell growth, also is down‐regulated by 1,25D independently of Rb.CONCLUSIONSRedundant growth inhibitory pathways compensate for the loss of Rb, and tumors lacking functional Rb may be responsive to 1,25D. Prostate 71: 98–110, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluctuation dynamics analysis of gp120 envelope protein reveals a topologically based communication network
Authors: Shrivastava Indira , LaLonde Judith M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is initiated by binding of the viral glycoprotein gp120, to the cellular receptor CD4. On CD4 binding, gp120 undergoes conformational change, permitting binding to the chemokine receptor. Crystal structures of gp120 ternary complex reveal the CD4 bound conformation of gp120. We report here the application of the Gaussian network model (GNM) to the crystal structures of gp120 bound to CD4 or CD4 mimic and 17b, to study the collective motions of the gp120 core and determine the communication propensities of the residue network. The GNM fluctuation profiles identify residues in the inner domain and outer domain that may facilitate conformational change or stability, respectively. Communication propensities delineate a residue network that is topologically suited for signal propagation from the Phe43 cavity throughout the gp120 outer domain. These results provide a new context for interpreting gp120 core envelope structure–function relationships. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extending the PRIME model for protein aggregation to all 20 amino acids
Authors: Cheon Mookyung , Chang Iksoo , Hall Carol K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe extend PRIME, an intermediate‐resolution protein model previously used in simulations of the aggregation of polyalanine and polyglutamine, to the description of the geometry and energetics of peptides containing all 20 amino acid residues. The 20 amino acid side chains are classified into 14 groups according to their hydrophobicity, polarity, size, charge, and potential for side chain hydrogen bonding. The parameters for extended PRIME, called PRIME 20, include hydrogen‐bonding energies, side chain interaction range and energy, and excluded volume. The parameters are obtained by applying a perceptron‐learning algorithm and a modified stochastic learning algorithm that optimizes the energy gap between 711 known native states from the PDB and decoy structures generated by gapless threading. The number of independent pair interaction parameters is chosen to be small enough to be physically meaningful yet large enough to give reasonably accurate results in discriminating decoys from native structures. The most physically meaningful results are obtained with 19 energy parameters. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Substrate stereo‐specificity in tryptophan dioxygenase and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase
Authors: Capece Luciana , Arrar Mehrnoosh , Roitberg Adrian E. , Yeh Syun‐Ru , Marti Marcelo A. , Estrin Dario A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe first and rate‐limiting step of the kynurenine pathway, in which tryptophan (Trp) is converted to N‐formylkynurenine is catalyzed by two heme‐containing proteins, Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), and Tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO). In mammals, TDO is found exclusively in liver tissue, IDO is found ubiquitously in all tissues. IDO has become increasingly popular in pharmaceutical research as it was found to be involved in many physiological situations, including immune escape of cancer. More importantly, small‐molecule inhibitors of IDO are currently utilized in cancer therapy. One of the main concerns for the design of human IDO (hIDO) inhibitors is that they should be selective enough to avoid inhibition of TDO. In this work, we have used a combination of classical molecular dynamics (MD) and hybrid quantum‐classical (QM/MM) methodologies to establish the structural basis that determine the differences in (a) the interactions of TDO and IDO with small ligands (CO/O2) and (b) the substrate stereo‐specificity in hIDO and TDO. Our results indicate that the differences in small ligand bound structures of IDO and TDO arise from slight differences in the structure of the bound substrate complex. The results also show that substrate stereo‐specificity of TDO is achieved by the perfect fit of L‐Trp, but not D‐Trp, which exhibits weaker interactions with the protein matrix. For hIDO, the presence of multiple stable binding conformations for L/D‐Trp reveal the existence of a large and dynamic active site. Taken together, our data allow determination of key interactions useful for the future design of more potent hIDO‐selective inhibitors. Proteins 2010; © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smoothing molecular interactions: The “kinetic buffer” effect of intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Huang Yongqi , Liu Zhirong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) widely participate in molecular recognition and signaling processes in cells by interacting with other molecules. Compared with ordered proteins, IDPs usually possess stronger intermolecular interactions in binding. As a result, the interface structure of IDPs in complexes is distinct from that of ordered‐protein complexes, and this difference may have essential effect on the response to various perturbations in a cell. In this study, we examined the perturbations of intermolecular interactions and temperature on the coupled folding and binding processes of pKID to KIX domains by performing molecular dynamics simulations. By comparing a series of virtual pKID systems with various degree of disorder, we found that the complex stability and the binding kinetics of the disordered systems were less sensitive to the perturbations than the ordered systems. The origin of the lower response sensitivity of IDPs was attributed to their higher flexibility in the complex interface, which was further supported by an analysis on protein complex structures. On the basis of our simulations and results from the literature, we speculate IDPs may not only interact with their biological partners with high specificity and low affinity but also may be resistant to the perturbations in the environment and transmit signals fast and smooth. We proposed to name it the “kinetic buffer” effect. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross‐resistance relationships between neonicotinoids and pymetrozine in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Gorman Kevin , Slater Russell , Blande James D , Clarke Alison , Wren Jodie , McCaffery Alan , Denholm Ian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Although cross‐resistance between compounds in the same insecticide group is a frequently observed phenomenon, cross‐resistance between groups that differ in structural and functional characteristics can be extremely unpredictable. In the case of controlling the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, neonicotinoids and the pyridine azomethine antifeedant pymetrozine represent independent lines of discovery that should be suited for alternation to avoid prolonged selection for the same resistance mechanism. Reports of an association between responses to neonicotinoids and pymetrozine were investigated by resistance profiling of seven B. tabaci strains and complementary reciprocal selection experiments.RESULTS: All strains demonstrated a consistent correlation between responses to three neonicotinoid compounds: thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and acetamiprid. Responses to neonicotinoids for six field strains clearly correlated with responses to pymetrozine. Reciprocal selection experiments confirmed an unexpected case of intergroup cross‐resistance. A seventh strain exhibited a so far unique phenotype of strong resistance to pymetrozine but full susceptibility to neonicotinoids. Selection experiments confirmed that in this strain the mechanism of pymetrozine resistance is specific and has no implications for neonicotinoids.CONCLUSION: Cross‐resistance between neonicotinoids and pymetrozine in B. tabaci probably reflects the overexpression of a cytochrome‐P450‐dependent monooxygenase capable of metabolising both types of compound in spite of their apparent structural dissimilarity. Given the predominance of this mechanism in B. tabaci, both can contribute to resistance management but should be placed within the same treatment ‘window’. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Convergent synthesis of a helical, prehairpin HR1 trimer from HIV gp41
Authors: Lu Rong Jian , Mader Catherine J. , Schneider Stephen E. , Tvermoes Nicolai , Kang Myung‐Choi , Dwyer John J. , Wilson Karen L. , Matthews Thomas J. , Delmedico Mary K. , Bray Brian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA helical, prehairpin trimer covering the majority of the HR1 region of human immunodeficiency virus gp41 was achieved by chemically coupling three identical 51 amino acid peptides. A 1,3,5‐tris(aminomethyl)‐2,4,6‐triethylbenzene pinwheel ‘cap’ was used to trimerize the peptides by taking advantage of the unique property of triacyl fluoride and orthogonal protection and deprotection. The resulting protein is fully helical, highly thermostable and soluble. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobile, flexible, and adaptable: female migrants in Hanoi's informal sector
Authors: Agergaard Jytte , Thao Vu Thi 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIndustrialisation and urban growth are constitutive aspects of Vietnam's new economy and are important driving forces behind increasing rural‐to‐urban migration. Growth in informal sector employment is a significant aspect of this development, which has provided for both male and female migrants, although they generally are engaged in different occupations. Based on a case study among porters at Hanoi's Long Bien Market, this paper examines rural‐to‐urban migrants' gendered migration practices. Two interrelated aspects of gendered migration practices are in focus: the role of migration networks and networking, and remittance practices. The paper is organised around why and how migrants have entered the informal labour market in Hanoi and how they make their livings there while also maintaining ties with their rural homes. In conclusion, we discuss how the migration networks and remittance practices of the female porters demonstrate a particular way of adapting to the migration process. Also, it is emphasised how women's flexible practices are facilitated by women's own village‐based networks. It is suggested that ‘in‐betweenness’, which stands for the simultaneous and overlapping presence of urban and rural spaces in migrants' lives, is an insightful way of comprehending the adaptation practices employed by female porters in Hanoi. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summative interaction between astaxanthin,Ginkgo bilobaextract (EGb761) and vitamin C in Suppression of respiratory inflammation: a comparison with ibuprofen
Authors: Haines David D. , Varga Balazs , Bak Istvan , Juhasz Bela , Mahmoud Fadia F. , Kalantari Heybatullah , Gesztelyi Rudolf , Lekli Istvan , Czompa Attila , Tosaki Arpad 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, combinations ofGinkgo bilobaleaf extract (EGb761) plus the carotenoid antioxidant astaxanthin (ASX) and vitamin C were evaluated for a summative dose effect in the inhibition of asthma‐associated inflammation in asthmatic guinea‐pigs. Ovalbumin‐sensitized Hartley guinea‐pigs challenged with ovalbumin aerosol to induce asthma, were administered EGb761, ASX, vitamin C or ibuprofen. Following killing, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was evaluated for inflammatory cell infiltrates and lung tissue cyclic nucleotide content. Each parameter measured was significantly altered to a greater degree by drug combinations, than by each component acting independently. An optimal combination was identified that included astaxanthin (10 mg/kg), vitamin C (200 mg/kg) and EGb761 (10 mg/kg), resulting in counts of eosinophils and neutrophils each 1.6‐fold lower; macrophages 1.8‐fold lower, cAMP 1.4‐fold higher; and cGMP 2.04‐fold higher than levels in untreated, asthmatic animals (p< 0.05). In conclusion, EGb761, ASX and vitamin C are shown here to interact summatively to suppress inflammation with efficacy equal to or better than ibuprofen, a widely used non‐steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). Such combinations of non‐toxic phytochemicals constitute powerful tools for the prevention of onset of acute and chronic inflammatory disease if consumed regularly by healthy individuals; and may also augment the effectiveness of therapy for those with established illness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.