bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotopes and rocks: geographical organisation of southern Patagonian hunter‐gatherers
Authors: Borrero L. A. , Barberena R. , Franco N. V. , Charlin J. , Tykot R. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe present an archaeological study of hunter‐gatherer home ranges on the basis of two lines of evidence. Firstly, we discuss information related to the mobility of individuals, which was approached by stable isotope studies. Secondly, we present data related to the transport and discard of artefacts, since the distribution of these items may be determined by the movement of people. Our main goal is to integrate these two lines of research in the analysis of an archaeological case from southern Patagonia (Argentina and Chile, South America), that involves the hinterland, the Atlantic coast and the Strait of Magellan. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palaeodietary inferences based on isotopic data for pre‐Hispanic populations of the Central Mountains of Argentina
Authors: Laguens A. G. , Fabra M. , Santos G. M. , Demarchi D. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of palaeodiet diversification through isotopic measurements (δ13CCOL and δ15N) from individuals who inhabited the Central Mountains of Argentina during the Holocene. Isotopic measurements were obtained from bone and tooth samples from ten human skeletons, corresponding to the Middle and Late Holocene (4500–300 14C BP). Isotopic results show the consumption of C3, C4 and CAM plants, which reflects a mixed diet. Variation observed among hunter‐gatherer sites could be associated with differences in the availability of animal resources. On the other hand, evidence from agricultural sites could be indicating a more omnivorous diet, with greater emphasis on vegetable resources. Regarding spatial variation, the δ13C results suggest modest regional differences in diet in the later periods of the regional sequence. This study provides a first step to evaluating the role played by maize agriculture and the dietary variability in time and space for populations that inhabited the Central Mountains during the Holocene. Although preliminary, the evidence suggests that adoption of agriculture was complementary to hunter‐gatherer subsistence strategies. However, the incorporation of cultigens seems to show regional differences. These results confirm the mixed character of the economy, previously inferred from other archaeological indicators. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamically cured natural rubber/EVA blends: influence of NR‐g‐poly(dimethyl (methacryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate) compatibilizer
Authors: Intharapat Punyanich , Derouet Daniel , Nakason Charoen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGraft copolymer of natural rubber and poly(dimethyl(methacryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate) (NR‐g‐PDMMMP) was prepared in latex medium via photopolymerization. It was then used to promote the blend compatibility of dynamically cured 40/60 natural rubber (NR)/ethylene vinylacetate copolymer (EVA) blends using various loading levels at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 15 wt%. It was found that the increasing loading levels of NR‐g‐PDMMMP in the blends caused the increasing elastic modulus and complex viscosity until reaching the maximum values at a loading level of 9 wt%. The properties thereafter decreased with the increasing loading levels of NR‐g‐PDMMMP higher than 9 wt%. The smallest vulcanized rubber particles dispersed in the EVA matrix with the lowest tan δ value was also observed at a loading level of 9 wt%. Furthermore, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (i.e., 17.06 MPa and 660%) as well as the lowest tension set value (i.e., 27%) were also observed in the blend using this loading level of the compatibilizer. Addition of NR‐g‐PDMMMP in the dynamically cured NR/EVA blends also improved the thermal stability of the blend. That is, the decomposition temperature increased with the addition of the graft copolymer. However, the addition of NR‐g‐PDMMMP in the blends caused the decreasing degree of crystallinity of the EVA phase in the blend. However, the strength properties of the blend are still high because of the compatibilizing effect. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absence of platelet recovery following Helicobacter pylori eradication in childhood chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A multi‐center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Treepongkaruna Suporn , Sirachainan Nongnuch , Kanjanapongkul Somjai , Winaichatsak Angkana , Sirithorn Suebsuk , Sumritsopak Rungtip , Chuansumrit Ampaiwan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on platelet recovery in childhood chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).Patients and MethodsA multi‐center randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients aged 4–18 years, diagnosed with chronic ITP, defined by platelet count below 100 × 109/L lasting more than 6 months without identified causes, were enrolled and underwent 13C‐urea breath test for diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Patients who received prednisolone more than 0.5 mg/kg per day or received other platelet‐enhancing therapy were excluded. Patients with H. pylori infection were randomized into two groups: treatment and control groups. Treatment group received a standard protocol for H. pylori eradication and repeated 13C‐UBT at 4–6 weeks to confirm successful therapy while the control group received no specific treatment. Monthly platelet count was monitored for 6 months in both groups. Primary outcome was platelet recovery, defined by platelet count over 100 × 109/L for at least 3 months.ResultsOf the 55 ITP children, 16 (29.1%) had H. pylori infection. There were no differences in age, sex, duration of disease, platelet count, and the dose of prednisolone between the treatment group (n = 7) and control group (n = 9). One patient in control group was withdrawn due to massive gastrointestinal bleeding requiring a high dose prednisolone. At 6 months, platelet recovery was demonstrated in one patient in the treatment group as well as one in the control group.ConclusionNo beneficial effect of H. pylori eradication on platelet recovery in childhood chronic ITP was identified. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:72–77. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of neuroblastoma stage on serum‐based detection of MYCN amplification
Authors: Combaret Valerie , Hogarty Michael D. , London Wendy B. , McGrady Patrick , Iacono Isabelle , Brejon Stephanie , Swerts Katrien , Noguera Rosa , Gross Nicole , Rousseau Raphael , Puisieux Alain 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundMYCN oncogene amplification has been defined as the most important prognostic factor for neuroblastoma (NB), the most common solid extracranial neoplasm in children. High copy numbers are strongly associated with rapid tumor progression and poor outcome, independently of tumor stage or patient age, and this has become an important factor in treatment stratification.ProcedureBy real‐time quantitative PCR analysis, we evaluated the clinical relevance of circulating MYCN DNA of 267 patients with locoregional or metastatic NB in children less than 18 months of age.ResultsFor patients in this age group with INSS stage 4 or 4S NB and stage 3 patients, serum‐based determination of MYCN DNA sequences had good sensitivity (85%, 83%, and 75% respectively) and high specificity (100%) when compared to direct tumor gene determination. In contrast, the approach showed low sensitivity patients with stages 1 and 2 disease.ConclusionOur results show that the sensitivity of the serum‐based MYCN DNA sequence determination depends on the stage of the disease. However, this simple, reproducible assay may represent a reasonably sensitive and very specific tool to assess tumor MYCN status in cases with stage 3 and metastatic disease for whom a wait and see strategy is often recommended. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:329–331. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural bioinformatics mutation analysis reveals genotype–phenotype correlations in von Hippel‐Lindau disease and suggests molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis
Authors: Forman Julia R. , Worth Catherine L. , Bickerton G. Richard J. , Eisen Tim G. , Blundell Tom L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMutations in the VHL gene lead to von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) disease, a clinically heterogeneous cancer syndrome. Here, we use software and database tools to understand and predict the phenotypes associated with missense mutations in the VHL gene product, pVHL. The protein product pVHL is known to interact with elongin B, elongin C, and the HIF substrate. By analyzing known and predicted interaction sites and predictions of thermodynamic stability change upon mutation, we generate new hypotheses regarding the molecular etiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and pheochromocytoma (PCC) in VHL disease. We find that the molecular causes of RCC and PCC appear to be decoupled. RCC may arise through two distinct mechanisms: disruption of HIF interactions or binding at the elongin B interface. PCC is triggered by mutations which disrupt interactions at the elongin C binding site. These findings have important implications for VHL disease and for nonfamilial RCC, because most cases of clear cell RCC are linked with VHL inactivation. Additionally, predicting effects of genetic variation will be critical as genetic sequencing accelerates; the analytical strategy presented here may elucidate other systems as further data on genetic variation become available. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carrier dynamics in Fe‐doped GaN epilayers
Authors: Aleksiejunas Ramunas , Azize Mohamed , Bougrioua Zahia , Malinauskas Tadas , Nargelas Saulius , Jarasiunas Kestutis 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLight induced transient grating technique is applied to study the recombination and transport properties of the excess carriers in the iron‐doped highly resistive GaN/sapphire epilayers, grown by MOCVD and doped using the modulation doping technique. Carrier lifetime, ambipolar diffusion coefficient, and threshold of the stimulated recombination are compared between Fe‐doped (NFe <1019 cm–3 and (0.5‐1)×1020 cm–3) and intentionally undoped epilayers. For comparison, undoped μ‐ELO GaN is also included into the study. In the Fe‐doped layers, we observe an increase in carrier lifetime, an increase in hole mobility, and a decrease in stimulated recombination efficiency. The lower‐doped layer exhibits the properties comparable to those of the high quality μ‐ELO GaN: carrier lifetime of 1.5 ns and diffusion coefficient of 1.9 cm2/s at 295 K; it is remarkable that the diffusion coefficient in the doped samples remains higher within the whole 30‐300 K temperature range. The enhanced mobility and lifetime in the iron‐doped samples we attribute to the inhibited electrical activity of the dislocations. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficient calculation of the energy of a molecule in an arbitrary electric field
Authors: Pulay Peter , Janowski Tomasz 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn thermodynamic (e.g., Monte Carlo) simulations with electronic embedding, the energy of the active site or solute must be calculated for millions of configurations of the environment (solvent or protein matrix) to obtain reliable statistics. This precludes the use of accurate but expensive ab initio and density functional techniques. Except for the immediate neighbors, the effect of the environment is electrostatic. We show that the energy of a molecule in the irregular field of the environment can be determined very efficiently by expanding the electric potential in known functions, and precalculating the first and second order response of the molecule to the components of the potential. These generalized multipole moments and polarizabilities allow the calculation of the energy of the system without further ab initio calculations. Several expansion functions were explored: polynomials, distributed inverse powers, and sine functions. The latter provide the numerically most stable fit but require new types of integrals. Distributed inverse powers can be simulated using dummy atoms, and energies calculated this way provide a very good approximation to the actual energies in the field of the environment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Synthesis of Catalytically Active Porous Platinum Nanoparticles by Transmetallation Reaction and Proposition of the Mechanism
Authors: Pasricha Renu , Bala Tanushree , Biradar Ankush V. , Umbarkar Shubhangi , Sastry Murali 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA facile method for the synthesis of porous platinum nanoparticles by transmetallation reactions between sacrificial nickel nanoparticles and chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) in solution, as well as at the constrained environment of the air–water interface, using a Langmuir–Blodgett instrumental setup is presented. To carry out the transmetallation at the air–water interface hydrophobized nickel nanoparticles are assembled as a monolayer on the sub phase containing platinum ions. The porous Pt nanoparticles obtained as a result of the reaction are found to act as extremely good catalysts for hydrogenation reaction. The products are well characterized by TEM, HRTEM, EDAX, and STEM. Attempts are made to postulate the plausible mechanism of this reaction to generate this kind of nanoparticle with controllable geometric shape and structure. This simple strategy has the potential to synthesize other nanomaterials of interest too.
A systems science approach to enterprise resources planning systems
Authors: Tejeida‐Padilla Ricardo , Badillo‐Piña Isaias , Morales‐Matamoros Oswaldo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe enterprise resources planning systems (ERP) have received considerable attention recently, not only in the management of manufacturing industry but also within the services industries and their financial management. The viable system model (VSM) is recursive and helps explaining the general production management model of the ERP system. The recursion level explains the development starting from warehouse management to material requirement planning (MRP), to manufactory requirement planning (MRPII), to ERP and to supply chain management (SCM). In each recursion level, the emergent concepts help explaining the discovery of the two categories of demand: independent demand and dependent demand, the feedback concept helps explaining the closed cycles in MRPII, the local, future and total environment concept helps explaining the interactions between the market and the production system and the law of requisite variety helps to manage complexity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positron emission tomography imaging of D2/3agonist binding in healthy human subjects with the radiotracer [11C]‐N‐propyl‐norapomorphine: Preliminary evaluation and reproducibility studies
Authors: Narendran Rajesh , Frankle W. Gordon , Mason N. Scott , Laymon Charles M. , Lopresti Brian J. , Price Julie C. , Kendro Steve , Vora Shivangi , Litschge Maralee , Mountz James M. , Mathis Chester A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective:(−)‐N‐[11C]‐propyl‐norapomorphine (NPA) is a full dopamine D2/3receptor agonist radiotracer suitable for imaging D2/3receptors configured in a state of high affinity for agonists using positron emission tomography. The aim of the present study was to define the optimal analytic method to derive accurate and reliable D2/3receptor parameters with [11C]NPA.Methods:Six healthy subjects (four females/two males) underwent two [11C]NPA scans in the same day. D2/3receptor‐binding parameters were estimated using kinetic analysis (using one‐ and two‐tissue compartment models) as well as simplified reference tissue method in the three functional subdivisions of the striatum (associative striatum, limbic striatum, and sensorimotor striatum). The test–retest variability and intraclass correlation coefficient were assessed for distribution volume (VT), binding potential relative to plasma concentration (BPP), and binding potential relative to nondisplaceable uptake (BPND).Results:A two‐tissue compartment kinetic model adequately described the functional subdivisions of the striatum as well as cerebellum time‐activity data. The reproducibility ofVTwas excellent (≤10%) in all regions, for this approach. The reproducibility of both BPP(≤12%) and BPND(≤10%) was also excellent. The intraclass correlation coefficients of BPPand BPNDwere acceptable as well (>0.75) in the three functional subdivisions of the striatum. Although SRTM led to an underestimation of BPNDvalues relative to that estimated by kinetic analysis by 8–13%, the values derived using both the methods were reasonably well correlated (r2= 0.89,n= 84). Both methods were similarly effective in detecting the differences in [11C]NPA BPNDbetween subjects.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that [11C]NPA can be used to measure D2/3receptors configured in a state of high affinity for the agonists with high reliability and reproducibility in the functional subdivisions of the human striatum. Synapse 63:574–584, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydromagnetic flow of viscous incompressible fluid past a wedge with permeable surface
Authors: Mahmood M. , Asghar S. , Hossain M.A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFlow of a viscous, electrically conducting fluid past a wedge having permeable surface is analyzed. A constant transpiration through the wedge surface is assumed. The equations governing the flow and the magnetic field being reduced to local non‐similarity equations are solved numerically. The implicit finite difference method, as well as the local non‐similarity method is being used in finding the solutions of the reduced equations against the transpiration parameter, ξ. Perturbation solutions for small and large ξ values are also obtained. Effect of the physical parameters, such as, the magnetic force parameter, S, the magnetic Prandtl number, Pm and free stream velocity gradient, n, on the local skin‐friction coefficient, f'' (0, ξ), and the local current density coefficient, g'' (0, ξ ), are shown graphically. It is found that the perturbation solutions agreed excellently with other solutions at the two extreme ranges of ξ values. From the present investigation we further observe that, incase of withdrawal of fluid both the momentum and magnetic boundary layers decrease with the increase of ξ. On the other hand these layers increase with ξ value when fluid is being injected trough the surface. Further we notice that there is an onset of reverse flow in the down‐stream region in case of blowing of fluid and the starting point of this flow, approximately, is ξ = ‐0.6.
Static‐kinematic fractional operators for fractal and non‐local solids
Authors: Carpinteri A. , Cornetti P. , Sapora A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo fractional calculus approaches in the framework of continuum mechanics are revisited and compared. The former is a local approach, which has been proposed to investigate the behaviour of fractal media. The latter is a non‐local approach, according to which long‐range interactions between material particles are opportunely modelled in the equilibrium equations. Analogies and differences between the two models are outlined.
Frost and forest stand effects on the population dynamics of Asplenium scolopendrium
Authors: Bremer Piet , Jongejans Eelke 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOur objective was to analyze which factors are critical for the dynamics of terrestrial Asplenium scolopendrium populations at the northern edge of its distribution. Therefore, a long‐term study (1978–1999) on the performance and demography of this fern species has been carried out in three different forest stands (Piceasitchensis with Fagussylvatica, P.sitchensis with thinning, and Fraxinusexcelsior) in the Netherlands. We used the recorded demographic data to parameterize 37 transition matrices. The number of frost days in severe winters correlated closely with frond damage and resulted in increased mortality and retrogression. Landslip on the trench banks and intraspecific competition were also found to increase mortality. In the F. excelsior plot, plants grew faster and bigger, produced more fronds and formed a more closed fern cover than in the P.sitchensis stands, likely due to higher light levels. Life‐table response experiments revealed that reproduction contributed greatly to the differences in projected population growth rates: reproduction was importantly higher in the F.excelsior and in the thinned P. sitchensis plots than in the P. sitchensis–F. sylvatica plot. These differences can be attributed to an initial difference in light climate and to the accumulation of F. sylvatica litter which reduced recruitment. Recruitment occurred on bare soil but also in open moss carpets. We expect that the fern Asplenium scolopendrium will profit at its northern distribution edge when severe winters will occur less frequently, which is one of the expectations for global climate change.
An Investigation of Relationships among Genetic Counselors’ Supervision Skills and Multicultural Counseling Competence
Authors: Kyung Lee Hyun , McCarthy Veach Patricia , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAs racial and ethnic diversity increase in the U.S., genetic counselor multicultural competence is growing in importance. In mental health counseling, supervisor multicultural competence has been shown to promote supervisees’ multicultural competence. Moreover, developmentally‐advanced supervisors tend to be more effective. This study was designed to investigate relationships among genetic counselor supervisors’ perceived multicultural counseling competence and development as supervisors, and their ability to evaluate a supervisee's multicultural skills. One hundred twenty‐two supervisors completed an online survey of demographics, the Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale, the Supervisor Development Scale, and a hypothetical vignette in which they evaluated a supervisee's multicultural skills and provided written feedback. Stepwise multiple regression yielded five significant predictors accounting for 31% of the variance in accuracy of supervisor evaluations of the student: multicultural awareness, multicultural knowledge, age, supervision experience, and supervisor development. Six feedback themes were identified from written responses. Practice and research suggestions are provided.
Bird schistosome diversity in Iceland: molecular evidence
Authors: Aldhoun J.A. , Kolářová L. , Horák P. , Skírnisson K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDuring the years 2002–2007, Icelandic freshwater snails and birds from different orders were examined for bird schistosomes. Only the snail Radix peregra and anatid birds proved to be infected. In total, 32 samples of bird schistosome cercariae from seven localities and four samples of adults of Anas platyrhynchos and Mergus serrator from two localities were used for sequencing of the internal transcibed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. Based on the sequence and position in the phylogenetic tree, five species/genotypes of bird schistosomes were identified. Three of them correspond to the sequences in GenBank for Trichobilharzia franki, Trichobilharzia sp. JR-2007 from Anas penelope (isolates Pl7 and Pl10) and schistosomatid sp. JR-2004 from Physa fontinalis. The other two species/genotypes belong to the genus Trichobilharzia, but their further determination was not possible due to lack of data. All of these species/genotypes develop in R. peregra, probably the only suitable intermediate host species in Iceland. As T. franki and schistosomatid sp. JR-2004 were previously reported from other snail species, the findings from Iceland proved that, under some circumstances, bird schistosomes are able to adapt to a different snail species; some of them can even adapt to a snail belonging to a different gastropod family. High diversity of bird schistosomes in Iceland is probably linked with migratory flyways of birds, as several bird species from Iceland overwinter in western Europe as well as in North America.