bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflecting on the Spirit of Sergei Diaghilev
Authors: Rand Peter , Winestein Anna 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The present article is a colloquy between the directors of Ballets Russes 2009, a festival held in Boston in 2009 to celebrate the centenary of Sergei Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes. The authors reflect on the experience of organizing the festival, including the conference at Boston University that forms the basis of this volume. The article features the insights their work gave them into Diaghilev's own experience in running the Ballets Russes, as well as observations about Diaghilev as a manager and cultural entrepreneur.
Sergei Diaghilev’s “Exhibition of Historic Russian Portraits”
Authors: Bowlt John E. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The article treats of the “Exhibition of Historic Russian Portraits” which Sergei Diaghilev organzed at the Tauride Palace, St. Petersburg, in 1905. Reference is made to the precedents to the event such as Nikolai Vrangel’s exhibition “Russian Portrait Painting of the Last 150 Years” of 1902 and to the primary supporters such as Tsar Nicholas II, Alexandre Benois, and the Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich. Key works in the exhibition, especially the 18th century aristocratic portraits, promotiojnal materials, including the catalog, public and critical reaction, installation and design, and the practical role which the exhibiton played in Diaghilev’s professional life as impresaio are also described.
“My Second Son”: The Collaboration of Sergei Prokofiev and Sergei Diaghilev
Authors: Robinson Harlow 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Russian composer Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953) and Sergei Diaghilev collaborated on three ballets (Chout, Pas d’Acier, Prodigal Son) for the Ballets Russes, and maintained a crucial personal and artistic relationship for fifteen years during a formative period in Prokofiev’s artistic life. This article traces their collaboration on the three ballets, and the production history of each.
Seven Steps, Seven Veils: Salomé in Russia
Authors: Misler Nicoletta 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The article concentrates on experimental dance movements of the outside of the Ballets Russes, especially the danse plastique, in St. Petersburg, Munich, and Moscow. Particular attention is paid to the innovative interpretations of Salomé and analogous subjects by Ida Rubinstein, Alexander Sacharoff, Lev Lukin, and Kasian Goleizovsky. Reference is made to the persistence of the Symbolist esthetic in dance of the 1910s and to pictorial renderings of the various performances by artists such as Léon Bakst, Marianne Werefkin, and Boris Erdman.
The Musical Origins of Igor Stravinsky’s “Apollo”
Authors: Carr Maureen A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Insights into the musical origins of Stravinsky’s Apollo are discerned in part by applying he principles of versification to phrase structure throughout the work, but most especially in the music that accompanies the “birth of Apollo” and the “Pas de deux” as danced by Apollo and Terpsichore. In keeping with his understanding of classical ballet, Stravinsky endeavored to create a diatonic framework at the surface level. Nevertheless, vestiges of his Russian past are evident at deeper levels of his compositional process. It is as though Stravinsky was using the Greek masks of Greek antiquity to serve as filters for his Russian thumbprint that we associate with his earlier works.
Animated Stones: Giorgio de Chirico’s Le Bal and the Neo-Classical Body
Authors: Bellow Juliet 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In his set and costume designs for the 1929 production Le Bal, Giorgio de Chirico critiqued two aspects of the Ballets Russes' legacy: the troupe's increasing reliance on the Classical tradition and its longstanding allegiance to the Gesamtkunstwerk. The mismatched shards of classical architecture in de Chirico's designs undermined the corporeal harmony and grace central to the Classical ideal in art and dance. His uncanny substitution of inorganic materials for body parts undermined the belief, shared by many artists in this period, in the potential of human surrogates to aid them in their progress toward the total artwork of the future.
Restaging Works from the Ballets Russes: A Conversation between
Authors: Siegel Marcia B. , Hodson Millicent 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Critic Marcia Siegel and choreographer Millicent Hodson discuss problems of putting lost or nearly forgotten 20th century ballets back on stage, focusing on questions of authenticity, interpretation, choreographic process and documentation through direct contact with Diaghilev's dancers. The discussion refers specifically to reconstruction of ballets by Nijinsky and Balanchine which Hodson has done with scenic consultant Kenneth Archer during the last years when Ballets Russes artists still survived to pass on their knowledge. Siegel extends the discussion to Diaghilev's other choreographers, Fokine, Massine and Nijinska.
Serge Diaghilev’s Last Passion—The Book
Authors: Kasinec Edward 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This article is based on fresh archival and manuscript material found in the Library of Congress and the Harvard College Library. The author discusses the last two years in Diaghilev’s life and the beginnings of his obsessive collecting of Russian (and Rossica) rare books and manuscripts. More specifically the article treats the dealers and other sources of Diaghilev’s acquisitions, the nature of what he acquired, and the fate of his collections after his untimely passing in August, 1929.
Numerical Simulation of Episodes of Organized Convection in Tropical Northern Africa
Authors: Laing Arlene G. , Trier Stanley B. , Davis Christopher A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A large-domain convection-permitting numerical model is used to simulate episodes of deep convection, which are generated during the day over the Ethiopian Highlands and then propagate westward over the eastern and central Sahel region (5°–20°N) of northern Africa. The simulation comprises 12.5 days within the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) field campaign in 2006. During this period, long-lived precipitation episodes that survived beyond a single diurnal cycle occurred in the lee of the Ethiopian Highlands only every 2–3 days in both the simulation and observations. This contrasts with some other latitudinal corridors in the lee of major topography, such as the central United States, where long-lived heavy precipitation episodes frequently occur on successive nights.
The intermittency of long-lived events for the current case occurs despite regular daily triggering of convection along the upstream orography, and is linked to strong lower-tropospheric stabilization and reduction of daytime surface sensible heat flux due to residual cloudiness in the wake of long-lived precipitation events during the previous diurnal cycle. The vertical shear that helps organize deep convection is also weakened in the wake of the long-lived events by temporary disruptions of the midtropospheric African easterly jet.
The environments of mesoscale convection are presented for the eastern Sahel, a region where most Sahelian convection originates, but about which little is known at the mesoscale. The study describes the potential for early identification of long-lived convection episodes that are likely to have high impact on the central Sahel and West Africa.
Hegemony and Frustration
Authors: Burton Guy 
Published: March 2012

What is the nature of government policy making and its relations with social actors in post-1990 Chile? A case study of the education sector shows a shift in the Concertación government’s approach to participation from market (1980s) to weak representative (i.e., involvement of organized groups) (1990–2006 and since 2007) and deliberative (2006) forms. The reasons for this shift include the relative strength of (right-wing) political actors in representative institutions such as Congress and the weakness of (left-wing) social actors in organizational and electoral terms. ¿Cuál es la esencia de la creación de políticas y su relación con los actores sociales en el Chile post-1990? Un estudio de caso sobre el sector educativo muestra un cambio en el enfoque del gobierno de Concertación, de uno que se centraba en el mercado (en la década de los ochenta) a uno con representación limitada y mayor amplitud de deliberación (1990–2006) antes de volver a la representatividad restringida después de 2007. Las razones de este cambio obedecen al relativo poder que actualmente esgrimen actores de la derecha política en instituciones representativas como el Congreso y la debilidad de la izquierda en términos organizativos y electorales.
Migraine-triggered hemifacial spasm: three new cases
Authors: Barahona-Hernando R , Cuadrado ML , García-Ptacek S , Marcos-de-Vega A , Jorquera M , Guerrero A , Ordás CM , Muñiz S , Porta-Etessam J 
Published: March 2012

Background: The occurrence of hemifacial spasm (HFS) during an episode of migraine has been seldom reported. Here we describe three new cases presenting with HFS in association with migraine attacks. Case results: Three patients (one woman and two men, aged 31–36 years) developed HFS in close temporal relationship with migraine headaches. All of them started having the muscle spasms after pain onset. Two of them had electromyographic evidence of facial nerve damage, and continued having HFS once the pain abated. Conclusions: Migraine attacks may be associated with HFS. The appearance of HFS could be related to migraine activity. A mechanism of central hyperexcitability in connection with nociceptive inputs on the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and/or a dilation of vessels compressing the facial nerve at the root exit zone could lead to the development of HFS in predisposed patients. ‘Migraine-triggered hemifacial spasm’ could possibly be regarded as a complication of migraine.
Dural mast cell degranulation is a putative mechanism for headache induced by PACAP-38
Authors: Baun Michael , Pedersen Martin Holst Friborg , Olesen Jes , Jansen-Olesen Inger 
Published: March 2012

Background: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 (PACAP-38) has been shown to induce migraine in migraineurs, whereas the related peptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) does not. In the present study we examine the hypothesis that PACAP-38 and its truncated version PACAP-27 but not VIP cause degranulation of mast cells in peritoneum and in dura mater. Methods: The degranulatory effects of PACAP-38, PACAP-27 and VIP were investigated by measuring the amount of N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase released from isolated peritoneal mast cells and from dura mater attached to the skull of the rat in vitro. In peritoneal mast cells N-truncated fragments of PACAP-38 (PACAP(6–38), PACAP(16–38) and PACAP(28–38)) were also studied. To investigate transduction pathways involved in mast cell degranulation induced by PACAP-38, PACAP-27 and VIP, the phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 and the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536 were used. Results: The peptides induced degranulation of isolated peritoneal mast cells of the rat with the following order of potency: PACAP-38 = PACAP(6–38) = PACAP(16–38) » PACAP-27 = VIP = PACAP(28–38). In the dura mater we found that 10−5 M PACAP-38 was significantly more potent in inducing mast cell degranulation than the same concentration of PACAP-27 or VIP. Inhibition of intracellular mechanisms demonstrated that PACAP-38-induced degranulation is mediated by the phospholipase C pathway. Selective blockade of the PAC1 receptor did not attenuate degranulation. Conclusion: These findings correlate with clinical studies and support the hypothesis that mast cell degranulation is involved in PACAP-induced migraine. PACAP-38 has a much stronger degranulatory effect on rat peritoneal and dural mast cells than VIP and PACAP-27. The difference in potency between PACAP-38- and PACAP-27/VIP-induced peritoneal mast cell degranulation is probably not related to the PAC1 receptor but is caused by a difference in efficacy on phospholipase C.
A future for the theory of multiple modernities: Insights from the new modernization theory
Authors: Fourie Elsje 
Published: March 2012

Resume In recent years, the concept of multiple modernities has emerged to challenge the perceived Eurocentrism and unilinearity of traditional theories of convergence, and has led to renewed efforts to appreciate differing trajectories of contemporary political and social development. Its exponents’ key argument – that forms of modernity are so varied and contingent on culture and historical circumstance that the term itself must be spoken of in the plural – is particularly pertinent in an era where a preoccupation with modernity in societies around the world has not lately been adequately reflected in the academic literature. This article reviews the main principles of this approach, synthesizes its evolution and analyzes its strengths and shortcomings. The article finds that the notion of multiple modernities has been useful in widening the scope of study, and that it focuses on important questions that its rivals have not yet addressed. However, three challenges continue to pose problems for the theory: it has been reluctant to engage with the complexities and evolution of the modernization theory it critiques; it has not consistently delineated and defined its major unit of analysis; and it has not yet identified the ‘core’ of modernity itself in a way that allows for ideas, movements or societies to fall outside its remit. Although theorists have begun to address the unit of analysis problem by incorporating political dynamics into the study of civilizational difference, the selective incorporation of the empirical methodology and findings of Inglehart & Welzel’s value-based, path-dependent approach offers another means by which multiple modernities theory can overcome the challenges identified.
Tendential modernity
Authors: Schifirneţ Constantin 
Published: March 2012

Resume This article approaches the concept of tendential modernity as a type of evolution towards principles and norms of modernity within societies with an insufficiently functioning capitalist economy. In these societies, there is a gap between faster institutional renewal and slower economic development. Consequently, cultural, political and intellectual modernity outrun economic modernity. Tendential modernity refers to the ideas and actions aimed at modernization which remain partial and not finalized. Modernity is more an aspiration, a societal developmental intention, a goal to be reached, but which is never fully realized. Due to the fact that modernity is merely a tendency that is never finalized, the transitions are never completed. Modernity moves slowly and with difficulty through the intricate network of socio-institutional structures of the patriarchal and traditional society. It is inlay modernity, not structured under a clear, dominant form. My thesis is applied to the study of Romanian society’s modernization through all its stages: the emergence of the national state, the period between the two World Wars, the communist period and the post-communist period. Even though these periods are not all homogeneous in their rate of development, tendential modernity characterizes the evolutionary process of modern Romania.
Clinical and radiological characteristics of tumefactive demyelinating lesions: follow-up study
Authors: Altintas A , Petek B , Isik N , Terzi M , Bolukbasi F , Tavsanli M , Saip S , Boz C , Aydin T , Arici-Duz O , Ozer F , Siva A 
Published: March 2012

Background: Demyelinating lesions over 20 mm in size, referred to as tumefactive demyelinating lesions, can be misdiagnosed as being either a tumor or an abscess. Although some radiological characteristics can help make a differential diagnosis easier, a cerebral biopsy may still be necessary. Objective: Our objective was to assess the clinical characteristics of tumefactive lesions, with or without a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), and present follow-up data for 54 patients with tumefactive lesions. Methods: Demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory data were gathered and treatment responses were evaluated in a total of 54 patients from five medical centers. Result: Twenty-nine patients were diagnosed with tumefactive lesions at the onset, whereas 25 patients were diagnosed with tumefactive lesions after a diagnosis of MS. Median follow-up was 38.12 months. At final examination, 19 of the patients with a tumefactive lesion diagnosis at the onset eventually developed relapsing–remitting MS, while 10 remained with the condition as a clinically isolated syndrome. The tumefactive lesions studied were mostly focal, with closed-ring enhancement. We found that oligoclonal band positivity was less frequent in the patients with tumefactive onset. Conclusion: Although our demographic data were similar to formerly collected Turkish MS data, we found that the distribution of the patients’ clinical course differed if there was an absence of primary progressive MS and that there was a lower frequency of secondary progressive MS cases in our group of patients. We believe that less frequent oligoclonal band positivity and the difference we witnessed in the clinical course of disease in our study groups suggest that there is a need for further studies to compare all the biological and immunological differences between MS and tumefactive lesion cases, in order to reveal whether there are different pathogenetic mechanisms involved.
Three-Dimensional Digital Models for Rating Dental Arch Relationships in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Chawla O. , Atack N.E. , Deacon S.A. , Leary S.D. , Ireland A.J. , Sandy J.R. 
Published: March 2012

Objective To determine the reliability and reproducibility of using three-dimensional digital models as an alternative to plaster models for rating dental arch relationships in patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Design Reliability and reproducibility study. Methods Study models of 45 patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate were made available in plaster and three-dimensional digital models. Records were scored a week apart by three examiners using the 5-year-olds’ index reference models in the same two formats as the patient models. To assess reproducibility the study was repeated 4 weeks later under similar conditions to minimize the influence of memory bias on the results. The reliability of using the three-dimensional digital models was determined by comparing the scores for each examiner with the plaster model scores. Results Weighted kappa statistics indicated repeatability for the plaster models was very good (.83 to .87). For the three-dimensional digital models it was good to very good (.74 to .83). Overall, the use of the three-dimensional digital models showed good agreement with the plaster model scores on both occasions. Conclusion Three-dimensional digital models appear to be a good alternative to plaster models for assessing dental arch relationships using the 5-year-olds’ index.
Explaining Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Children’s Dental Health: A Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Guarnizo-Herreño Carol Cristina , Wehby George L. 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. We measured racial/ethnic inequalities in US children’s dental health and quantified the contribution of conceptually relevant factors. Methods. Using data from the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, we investigated racial/ethnic disparities in selected child dental health and preventive care outcomes. We employed a decomposition model to quantify demographic, socioeconomic, maternal health, health insurance, neighborhood, and geographic effects. Results. Hispanic children had the poorest dental health and lowest preventive dental care utilization, followed by Black then White children. The model explanatory variables accounted for 58% to 77% of the disparities in dental health and 89% to 100% of the disparities in preventive dental care. Socioeconomic status accounted for 71% of the gap in preventive dental care between Black children and White children and 55% of that between Hispanic children and White children. Maternal health, age, and marital status; neighborhood safety and social capital; and state of residence were relevant factors. Conclusions. Reducing US children’s racial/ethnic dental health disparities—which are mostly socioeconomically driven—requires policies that recognize the multilevel pathways underlying them and the need for household- and neighborhood-level interventions.
An Experimental Investigation of Possible Memory Biases Affecting Support for Racial Health Care Policy
Authors: Mazzocco Philip J. , Brunner Ryan P. 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. We aimed to test the theory that estimates of racial disparities may be based on small recalled samples of specific individuals (Black vs White), a strategy likely to lead to underestimates of true racial disparities and a corresponding opposition to race-focused health care policies. Methods. We asked a sample of White adults to list the first 5 Black and White individuals who came to mind, and then measured support for various race-focused health care policies. Results. Analyses indicated that the Black individuals recalled by participants tended to be more famous and wealthy than their White counterparts. Furthermore, the tendency to list wealthier Black individuals predicted opposition to progressive racial health care programs. A follow-up study demonstrated that support for certain race-focused health care policies could be increased by informing Whites of potential memory biases. Conclusions. The survival and success of minority health care policies depend partially on public acceptance. Education regarding continuing racial disparities may help to increase support for race-focused health care policies.
The New York Policy on Smoking in Addiction Treatment: Findings After 1 Year
Authors: Guydish Joseph , Tajima Barbara , Kulaga Agatha , Zavala Roberto , Brown Lawrence S. , Bostrom Alan , Ziedonis Douglas , Chan Mable 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. We assessed changes in smoking prevalence and other measures associated with the July 2008 New York Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services tobacco policy, which required that all publicly funded addiction treatment programs implement smoke-free grounds, have “no evidence” of smoking among staff, and make tobacco dependence treatment available for all clients.Methods. In a random sample of 10 programs, staff and clients were surveyed before the policy and 1 year later. Measures included tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices used by counselors and received by clients.Results. Client smoking decreased from 69.4% to 62.8% (P = .044). However, response to the policy differed by program type. Outpatient programs showed no significant changes on any of the staff and client survey measures. In methadone programs, staff use of tobacco-related practices increased (P < .01), client attitudes toward tobacco treatment grew more positive (P < .05), and clients received more tobacco-related services (P < .05). Residential clients were more likely to report having quit smoking after policy implementation (odds ratio = 4.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.53, 14.19), but they reported less favorable attitudes toward tobacco treatment (P < .001) and received fewer tobacco-related services from their program (P < .001) or their counselor (P < .001).Conclusions. If supported by additional research, the New York policy may offer a model that addiction treatment systems can use to address smoking in a population where it has been prevalent and intractable. Additional intervention or policy supports may be needed in residential programs, which face greater challenges to implementing tobacco-free grounds.