bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of alcohol and ammonium fluoride on pressure-induced amorphization of cubic structure I clathrate hydrates
Authors: Fidler Lilli-Ruth , Posch Paul , Klocker Johannes , Hofer Thomas S. , Loerting Thomas 
Published: May 2024

We have investigated pressure-induced amorphization (PIA) of an alcohol clathrate hydrate (CH) of cubic structure type I (sI) in the presence of NH4F utilizing dilatometry and x-ray powder diffraction. PIA occurs at 0.98 GPa at 77 K, which is at a much lower pressure than for other CHs of the same structure type. The amorphized CH also shows remarkable resistance against crystallization upon decompression. While amorphized sI CHs could not be recovered previously at all, this is possible in the present case. By contrast to other CHs, the recovery of the amorphized CHs to ambient pressure does not even require a high-pressure annealing step, where recovery without any loss of amorphicity is possible at 120 K and below. Furthermore, PIA is accessible upon compression at unusually high temperatures of up to 140 K, where it reaches the highest degree of amorphicity. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that polar alcoholic guests, as opposed to non-polar guests, induce cage deformation at lower pressure. The substitution of NH4F into the host-lattice stabilizes the collapsed state more than the crystalline state, thereby enhancing the collapse kinetics and lowering the pressure of collapse.
Particle size effect on surface/interfacial tension and Tolman length of nanomaterials: A simple experimental method combining with theoretical
Authors: Zhang Shengjiang , Xin Yujia , Sun Yanan , Xi Ziheng , Wei Gan , Han Meng , Liang Bing , Ou Panpan , Xu Kangzhen , Qiu Jiangyuan , Huang Zaiyin 
Published: May 2024

Surface tension and interfacial tension are crucial to the study of nanomaterials. Herein, we report a solubility method using magnesium oxide nanoparticles of different radii (1.8–105.0 nm, MgO NPs) dissolved in pure water as a targeted model; the surface tension and interfacial tension (and their temperature coefficients) were determined by measuring electrical conductivity and combined with the principle of the electrochemical equilibrium method, and the problem of particle size dependence is discussed. Encouragingly, this method can also be used to determine the ionic (atomic or molecular) radius and Tolman length of nanomaterials. This research results disclose that surface/interfacial tension and their temperature coefficients have a significant relationship with particle size. Surface/interfacial tension decreases rapidly with a radius &lt;10 nm (while the temperature coefficients are opposite), while for a radius &gt;10 nm, the effect is minimal. Especially, it is proven that the value of Tolman length is positive, the effect of particle size on Tolman length is consistent with the surface/interfacial tension, and the Tolman length of the bulk does not change much in the temperature range. This work initiates a new era for reliable determination of surface/interfacial tension, their temperature coefficients, ionic radius, and Tolman length of nanomaterials and provides an important theoretical basis for the development and application of various nanomaterials.
Quasi-optical design for the cross-polarization scattering diagnostic on the HL-3 tokamak
Authors: Zhou Y. , Tong R. H. , Zhong W. L. , Tan Y. , Jiang M. , Shi Z. B. , Yang Z. C. , Shen Y. Q. , Wen J. , Liang A. S. 
Published: May 2024

As the plasma beta (β) increases in high-performance tokamaks, electromagnetic turbulence becomes more significant, potentially constraining their operational range. To investigate this turbulence, a cross-polarization scattering (CPS) diagnostic system is being developed on the HL-3 tokamak for simultaneous measurements of density and magnetic fluctuations. In this work, a quasi-optical system has been designed and analyzed for the Q-band CPS diagnostic. The system includes a lens group for beam waist size optimization, a rotatable wire-grid polarizer for polarization adjustment, and a reflector group for measurement range regulation and system response enhancement. Laboratory tests demonstrated a beam radius of order 4 cm at the target measurement location (near the plasma pedestal), cross-polarization isolation exceeding 30 dB, and poloidal and toroidal angle adjustment ranges of ±40° and ±15°, respectively. These results verify the system’s feasibility through laboratory evaluations. The quasi-optical system has been installed on the HL-3 tokamak during the 2023 experimental campaign to support the development of CPS diagnostics.
The multiple functions of the reflexive pronoun in Tujia
Authors: Man Lu , van de Weijer Jeroen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the functions of the reflexive pronoun ko
53
to
21/to
21 in Tujia, a Tibeto-Burman (TB) language. Apart from being used as a verb object, the reflexive pronoun in Tujia can be used as an intensifier, indicating “self, non-other”, but it can also be used to create “passive” or “causative” meaning. It is argued that both meanings created by the reflexive pronoun can be accounted for under a decomposition approach. Verbal reflexives isomorphic with anti-causative or passive morphemes have been reported for European languages, while a reflexive pronoun with causative meaning is quite rare. The present paper therefore contributes not only to the typology in this area but also to the expression of causative and passive in Tibeto-Burman languages.
Voice onset time in Rma
Authors: Sims Nathaniel A. , Jianqiong Bai , Adisiswoyo Ludwig 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rma (also called Qiang) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Northwestern Sichuan, China.1 In the literature on Rma, all documented varieties of Rma have been reported to have a three-way voice onset timing (VOT) distinction between voiceless unaspirated, voiceless aspirated, and voiced unaspirated obstruents. This study reports a variety of Rma, which has a near merger of the voiceless unaspirated and voiced unaspirated stops. A pilot study was conducted with speakers from three different villages within Yonghe valley. The results of this empirical study suggest that the Lower Yonghe valley variety has innovated a near merger between voiced and voiceless unaspirated obstruents.
Methods for studying variation in partitives
Authors: Sleeman Petra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the last sixty years, starting with the method of introspection to judge the acceptability of linguistic data, research methods in linguistics have become more varied and more sophisticated. This also holds for studies on partitivity. In this paper various methods are presented that have recently been used in the literature to study variation in the linguistic expression and the use of partitive constructions and partitive elements in Romance, Germanic and some other languages, language varieties and dialects. It is argued that different types of research call for adapted methods. It is shown that the use of different methods may lead to different results, although this is not always the case. The overview presented in this paper reveals that in recent years much progress has been made in the study of variation in partitives.
Flexible flow sensors-enabled intelligent life
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Shen Dawei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In our daily life, flexible flow sensors endow us with a ‘sixth sense’ capability, i.e. ‘touch’ the fluids, improving living quality. Although there are kinds of flexible flow sensors developed to implement this capability, they still have insufficient sensitivity and limited intelligent applications in daily life. Biomimetic engineering provides us with a powerful and effective approach to develop highly sensitive and intelligent flow sensing systems served in our life, comparable to that in creatures. Here, in this review, we present a comprehensive review of recent studies on the flexible flow sensors for human intelligent life. Firstly, we briefly introduce the excellent flow sensing systems selected by nature, and typical design strategies of artificial flexible flow sensors. Furthermore, we collect and exhibit kinds of flexible flow sensors and their applications in intelligent and digital life. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of the flexible flow sensor for the metaverse applications.
Rotational and vibrational temperatures of transient atmospheric glow plasma
Authors: Shaffer James , Alvarez Luis F , Dumitrescu Cosmin E , Askari Omid 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Plasma ignition can significantly improve the efficiency and performance of combustion devices through the enhancement of combustibility limits. Investigating plasma development for fundamental experimental flame conditions (i.e. spherical flame experiments) can provide insight into how plasma thermalizes the combustible mixture and, therefore a better understanding of flame development in future experimental studies. This study observed an ignition system designed to produce spherical flames in quiescent gas inside a constant-volume combustion chamber. Rotational and vibrational temperature measurements of dry atmospheric air glow plasma are reported. Measurements were taken for a transient discharge with currents less than 0.5 A. The electrode wire geometry and discharge variation resulted in an ellipsoid-shaped kernel and plasma region with an abnormal glow discharge. The measured temperatures were compared to the conductive thermal kernel boundary observed with Schlieren imaging. Maximum rotational and vibrational temperatures of 3000 K and 10 000 K, respectively, were observed near the anode electrode for a 0.5 A current. The temperature decreased with the axial distance from the anode, while a constant temperature was observed in the radial direction. Lower currents resulted in a smaller temperature, with minimum measured rotational and vibrational temperatures of 1500 K and 5000 K, respectively. The results were compared with available experimental literature and the variation observed was a result of the transient nature, which resulted in hysteresis in temperature vs discharge current measurements.
Pulse-to-pulse coupling in cylindrical discharges
Authors: Hazenberg T , van Dijk J , van Oijen J A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Several filamentary discharges can be applied to a combustible mixture, which can then ignite. The energy density of this discharge is a vital parameter, as it directly influences the local temperature rise and radical production. The goal of this article is to investigate how a previous discharge affects the energy density of a second discharge. To investigate the pulse-to-pulse coupling of filamentary discharges a one-dimensional numerical model is developed. In the developed model, the compressible Navier–Stokes equations are coupled to a plasma model. The plasma model is used to estimate the local energy density, while the compressible Navier–Stokes equations model the reactive flow. As a first step, skeletal air plasma chemistry is used, which includes fast gas heating, slow gas heating and the rapid generation of radicals. The skeletal plasma chemistry is combined with a detailed hydrogen combustion mechanism. Simulations in both air and hydrogen/air are conducted at several discharge energies and pressures. From the analysis of these results, we conclude that the main mechanism of pulse-to-pulse coupling is the reduction in molar density due to temperature rise.
Electrochemical study and structural comparison of Ni electrodepositions on W/Si and Cr/C multilayered structure films
Authors: Haixiang Chen , Kun Wang , Yuntian Xue , Zhanshan Wang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Ni electrodeposition combined with multilayered structure film is a promising strategy in modern optical manufacturing, while less effort has been devoted to comprehending the electrochemical reaction process, which is essential for their practical applications. In view of this, the initial reduction dynamics and nucleation mechanisms of Ni electrodepositions on multilayer W/Si and Cr/C films were analyzed in this work, and the morphological, crystal, and mechanical characteristics of produced Ni electrodeposits were further determined and compared. The results show that the considerably irregular crystals accompanied by high tensile stress of 119.5 MPa were formed for the Ni electrodeposit on W/Si film, which were mainly attributed to the progressive nucleation process with more severe side reaction of hydrogen evolution. By contrast, the instantaneous nucleation mode with lower reduction resistance were revealed for the Ni electrodeposition on Cr/C film, which presented a comparatively fine–grained texture, less roughness, and smaller stress structure. To summarize, the more stable electrochemical reaction process and improved structure uniformity are obtained for the Ni electrodeposition on metal/C–based film, which offers a theoretical guidance for optimized fabrication of multilayer optical devices in extreme ultraviolet, x-ray, and neutron focusing fields.
Measurement of 144Sm(p,γ) cross-section at Gamow energies
Authors: Bar Tanmoy , Basak Dipali , Sahoo Lalit Kumar , Saha Sukhendu , Datta Jagannath , Dasgupta Sandipan , Basu Chinmay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The cross-section measurement of 144Sm(p, γ)145Eu (T1/2 = 5.93(4) days) reaction has been performed at proton energies around 2.6–6.8 MeV using the activation technique. Molecular deposition technique was used to prepare the 144Sm targets having thickness between 100 and 350 μg cm−2 on Al backing. The astrophysical S-factor of this reaction has been measured for the first time at

E
p
cm

=

2.57 ± 0.13 MeV, S-factor = 2.542 ± 1.152(×1010) MeV-b. Cross-section data were compared with the previously measured experimental data (2.8–7.5 MeV) from literature and the theoretical predictions obtained using Hauser-Feshbach statistical model. Obtained results were utilised to predict the reaction rates for 144Sm (p, γ) and 145Eu (γ, p) reactions.
Systematic shell-model study of structure and isomeric states in 204–213Bi isotopes
Authors: Shukla Sakshi , Srivastava Praveen C , Patel Deepak 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, we have performed systematic shell-model (SM) calculations for Bi isotopes with A = 204–213 using KHH7B and KHM3Y effective interactions. We have reported yrast and non-yrast SM states corresponding to the available experimental data. From the comparison with the experimental data, we could assign spin and parity of several unconfirmed states. We have also calculated electromagnetic properties and compared them with the available experimental data and predicted where experimental data are not available. This study also includes a detailed discussion of multiple isomeric states based on computed SM configurations and their respective half-lives.
Small electron polarons bound to interstitial tantalum defects in lithium tantalate
Authors: Pfannstiel Anton , Hehemann Tobias , Schäfer Nils A , Sanna Simone , Suhak Yuriy , Vittadello Laura , Sauerwein Felix , Dömer Niklas , Koelmann Julian , Fritze Holger , Imlau Mirco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The absorption features of optically generated, short-lived small bound electron polarons are inspected in congruent lithium tantalate, LiTaO3 (LT), in order to address the question whether it is possible to localize electrons at interstitial Ta

V

:V

Li

defect pairs by strong, short-range electron–phonon coupling. Solid-state photoabsorption spectroscopy under light exposure and density functional theory are used for an experimental and theoretical access to the spectral features of small bound polaron states and to calculate the binding energies of the small bound Ta

Li

4
+

(antisite) and Ta

V

4
+

:V

Li

(interstitial site) electron polarons. As a result, two energetically well separated (

Δ
E
≈
0.5

eV) absorption features with a distinct dependence on the probe light polarization and peaking at 1.6 eV and 2.1 eV are discovered. We contrast our results to the interpretation of a single small bound Ta

Li

4
+

electron state with strong anisotropy of the lattice distortion and discuss the optical generation of interstitial Ta

V

4
+

:V

Li

small polarons in the framework of optical gating of Ta

V

4
+

:Ta

Ta

4
+

bipolarons. We can conclude that the appearance of carrier localization at Ta

V

:V

Li

must be considered as additional intermediate state for the 3D hopping transport mechanisms at room temperature in addition to Ta

Li

, as well, and, thus, impacts a variety of optical, photoelectrical and electrical applications of LT in nonlinear photonics. Furthermore, it is envisaged that LT represents a promising model system for the further examination of the small-polaron based photogalvanic effect in polar oxides with the unique feature of two, energetically well separated small polaron states.
Neural network driven sensitivity analysis of diffraction-based overlay metrology performance to target defect features
Authors: Wang Kai , Meng Kai , Zhang Hangying , Lou Peihuang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Overlay (OVL) is one significant performance indicator for the lithography process control in semiconductor manufacturing. The accuracy of the OVL metrology is extremely critical for guarantee the lithography quality. Currently, diffraction-based overlay (DBO) is one of the mainstream OVL metrology techniques. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the DBO metrology is largely affected by the defect features of the OVL target. Therefore, there is a strong need to investigate the impacts of these target defects on the DBO metrology performance. However, efficiently investigating the statistical and interactive impacts of various DBO target defects remains challenging. This study aims to address this issue through proposing an intelligent sensitivity analysis approach. A cumulative distribution based global sensitivity analysis (GSA) method is utilized to assess the nonlinear influences of multiple defects in the OVL target on the DBO inaccuracy. The scenarios with both known and unknown distributions of the OVL target defects are considered. For the former, a neural network driven forward model is constructed for fast calculating the optical diffraction responses to accelerate the GSA process. For the latter, another neural network based inverse model are built for efficiently estimating the distribution of the target defects. Finally, a series of simulation experiments are conduct for typical DBO targets with multiple common defect features. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach as well as give valuable insights into the DBO defect analysis. Our study provides a strong tool to assist the practitioners in achieving intelligent and efficient DBO analysis and thus in enhancing OVL metrology performance.
Weather-dependency of the thermographic flow visualization of the laminar-turbulent transition on wind turbines
Authors: Dorszewski C , Dieckmann J , Balaresque N , von Freyberg A , Fischer A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Analyzing the airflow around wind turbines during operation requires an in-process-capable measurement approach that functions without modification of the rotor blade. Infrared–thermographic flow visualization is such a measurement approach. However, its measurement capabilities on wind turbines in operation are highly weather-dependent. Therefore, to understand the expected flow visualization quality in non-laboratory conditions, the dependence of the achievable contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the laminar-turbulent transition on solar radiation and air temperature is studied, respectively. A linear dependence of the contrast on the absorbed solar radiation is derived as a first estimation from a theoretical study of the heat balance. While the air temperature variations are shown to have no effect under certain conditions. The slope of the linear dependence of about 0.025 m2K W−1 was validated by experiments. To further study the fundamental measurability limit, only the camera noise with constant variance is here applied to determine the achievable CNR, which is thus directly proportional to the contrast. As a result, the achievable contrast and CNR for visualizing the laminar-turbulent flow transition over the year, over the day, and for different yaw angles of the wind turbine are determined. For this investigation, a wind turbine location near in northern Germany, is assumed as an example, and a maximal achievable contrast and CNR of 4.2 K and 122, respectively, are estimated, which agree with previous measurements. The presented method applies to any other wind turbine location and thus enables planning thermographic flow measurements on any wind turbine in the world.
A new multiple mixed augmentation-based transfer learning method for machinery fault diagnosis
Authors: Ge Hangqi , Shen Changqing , Lin Xinhai , Wang Dong , Shi Juanjuan , Huang Weiguo , Zhu Zhongkui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the continuous development of various industries, the diagnosis of industrial equipment faults has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. Considering the complex and variable working conditions, and the limited amount of fault data, transfer learning has become an effective solution for fault diagnosis. Data augmentation techniques, particularly generative adversarial networks, have achieved tremendous development within the field of transfer learning fault diagnosis. However, traditional data augmentation methods experience difficulty in extracting features conducive to fault diagnosis from fault data under complex operating conditions, particularly in the case of raw vibration data from bearings. Therefore, this study proposes a new multiple mixed augmentation-based transfer learning (MMATL) method for machinery fault diagnosis. First, an augmentation chain that dynamically adjusts data augmentation strategies in accordance with the model’s performance is constructed based on AutoAugment. Then, a multiple mixed augmentation strategy that integrates fault data into the augmented data from the augmentation chain to obtain enhanced data suitable for training is proposed. This strategy consists of multiple augmentations, augmentation mixing, and data mixing. Finally, experiments confirm the effectiveness of MMATL on the bearing datasets from the gearbox of the Chinese CRH380A high-speed train, the test rig at the University of Paderborn in Germany and the self-made bearing failure test platform. Results indicate that the method can adaptively extract features from fault data that are conducive to fault diagnosis under complex operating conditions.