bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of different mucosal resiliency and denture reline on stress distribution in peri‐implant bone tissue during osseointegration. A three‐dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Bacchi Ataís , Consani Rafael L. X. , Mesquita Marcelo F. , dos Santos Mateus B. F. 
Published: October 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00569.xInfluence of different mucosal resiliency and denture reline on stress distribution in peri‐implant bone tissue during osseointegration. A three‐dimensional finite element analysisObjective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mucosal properties and relining material on the stress distribution in peri‐implant bone tissue during masticatory function with a conventional complete denture during the healing period through finite element analysis.Materials and Methods:  Three‐dimensional models of a severely resorbed mandible with two recently placed implants in the anterior region were created and divided into the following situations: (i) conventional complete denture and (ii) relined denture with soft lining material. The mucosal tissue properties were divided into soft, resilient and hard. The models were exported to mechanical simulation software; two simulations were carried out with a load at the lower right canine (35 N) and the lower right first molar (50 N). Data were qualitatively evaluated using Maximum Principal Stress, in MPa, given by the software.Results:  All models showed stress concentrations in the cortical bone corresponding to the cervical part of the implant. The mucosal properties influenced the stress in peri‐implant bone tissue showing a different performance according to the denture base material. The simulations with relined dentures showed lower values of stress concentration than conventional ones.Conclusions:  It seems that the mucosal properties and denture reline have a high influence on the stress distribution in the peri‐implant bone during the healing period.
Is rat an appropriate animal model to study the involvement of d‐serine catabolism in schizophrenia? insights from characterization of d‐amino acid oxidase
Authors: Frattini Luca F. , Piubelli Luciano , Sacchi Silvia , Molla Gianluca , Pollegioni Loredano 
Published: October 2011

d‐Amino acid oxidase (DAAO; EC1.4.3.3) has been proposed to play a main role in the degradation of d‐serine, an allosteric activator of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐type glutamate receptor in the human brain, and to be associated with the onset of schizophrenia. To prevent excessive d‐serine degradation, novel drugs for schizophrenia treatment based on DAAO inhibition were designed and tested on rats. However, the properties of rat DAAO are unknown and various in vivo trials have demonstrated the effects of DAAO inhibitors on d‐serine concentration in rats. In the present study, rat DAAO was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified as an active, 40 kDa monomeric flavoenzyme showing the basic properties of the dehydrogenase‐oxidase class of flavoproteins. Rat DAAO differs significantly from the human counterpart because: (a) it possesses a different substrate specificity; (b) it shows a lower kinetic efficiency, mainly as a result of a low substrate affinity; (c) it differs in affinity for the binding of classical inhibitors; (d) it is a stable monomer in the absence of an active site ligand; and (e) it interacts with the mammalian protein modulator pLG72 yielding a ∼ 100 kDa complex in addition to the ∼ 200 kDa one, as formed by the human DAAO. Furthermore, the concentration of endogenous d‐serine in U87 glioblastoma cells was not affected by transfection with rat DAAO, whereas it was significantly decreased when expressing the human homologue. These results raise doubt on the use of the rat as a model system for testing new drugs against schizophrenia and indicate a different physiological function of DAAO in rodents and humans.Structured digital abstract
pLG72 binds rDAAO by molecular sieving (View interaction)
Biological validation that SF3b is a target of the antitumor macrolide pladienolide
Authors: Yokoi Akira , Kotake Yoshihiko , Takahashi Kentaro , Kadowaki Tadashi , Matsumoto Yoshiko , Minoshima Yukinori , Sugi Naoko H. , Sagane Koji , Hamaguchi Makoto , Iwata Masao , Mizui Yoshiharu 
Published: October 2011

Pladienolide is a naturally occurring macrolide that binds to the SF3b complex to inhibit mRNA splicing. It has not been fully validated whether the splicing impairment is a relevant mechanism for the potent antitumor activity of pladienolide. We established pladienolide‐resistant clones from WiDr and DLD1 colorectal cancer cells that were insensitive to the inhibitory action of pladienolide on cell proliferation and splicing. An mRNA‐Seq differential analysis revealed that these two cell lines have an identical mutation at Arg1074 in the gene for SF3B1, which encodes a subunit of the SF3b complex. Reverse expression of the mutant protein transferred pladienolide resistance to WiDr cells. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation analysis using a radiolabeled probe showed that the mutation impaired the binding affinity of paldienolide to its target. These results clearly demonstrate that pladienolide exerts its potent activity by targeting SF3b and also suggest that inhibition of SF3b is a promising drug target for anticancer therapy.Structured digital abstract
SF3B1physically interacts with SF3B2and SF3B3by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)
The Word and the Way in Mozi
Authors: Loy Hui‐Chieh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAccording to A. C. Graham, ‘the crucial question’ for the early Chinese thinkers was ‘Where is the Way [dao]?’–‘the way to order the state and conduct personal life’ rather than ‘What is the Truth?’1 This observation is most apt when applied to the thinking of Mozi (flor. ca. fifth century to early fourth century BCE) and his followers (the ‘Mohists’) as it is exemplified in the ethical and political chapters of the eponymously named text (Mozi Chapters 1–39, 46–51).2 A striking feature of the Mohists’ thinking, however, is the concern they have with yan (‘sayings’, ‘speeches’, ‘words’, ‘discourses’), and the role they assigned to yan in their ethical project. Part I of this article will outline the nature and scope of the Mohists’ concern with yan. In the Mohists’ conception, right yan is the linguistic counterpart to proper dao. And conduct that follows dao is a matter of affirming the right yan and taking it as a model in one’s actions. The Mohists’ concern with yan is prominently exhibited in their proposing objective standards, or ‘gauges’, by means of which any yan may be assessed. Part II introduces these gauges and discusses how they function as standards for right yan and right conduct. Given the generally pragmatic outlook of their thinking, the question remains as to whether, in their conception of yan, the Mohists conceived of language exclusively in terms of its action guiding function, and whether they deployed the notion of truth at all. Part III discusses this issue, arguing that there is a minimal sense in which yan that are positively assessed by the gauges are true, and that the Mohists are not insensitive to the distinction between descriptive as opposed to action guiding uses of language. Part IV briefly discusses how the Mohists’ attitude towards yan contrasts with those of early Confucian and Daoist thinkers.
Berkeley’s Theory of Mind: Some New Models1
Authors: Bettcher Talia Mae 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBerkeley didn’t write very much about his ‘philosophy of mind’ and what he did write is rather perplexing and perhaps inconsistent. The most basic problem is that it just isn’t clear what a mind (or, more accurately, a spirit) is for Berkeley. Unsurprisingly, many interpretations tend to understand Berkeleian spirit in models provided by other philosophers – interpretations in which Berkeleian spirit turns out to be a close cousin of the Cartesian ego, Lockean spiritual substratum, Lockean self, and Humean bundle of perceptions. Stephen H. Daniel and I have each offered different interpretations of Berkeley that refuse to reduce Berkeley’s account of spirit to that of other canonical thinkers and, indeed, which place Berkeleian spirit in some tension with the Aristotelian‐Cartesian‐Lockean traditions. In this paper, I argue that Daniel’s account is too extreme in that it implausibly removes Berkeley from this tradition altogether. I show how my account avoids that extreme and I defend it against some objections.
Causation and Explanation in Aristotle
Authors: Stein Nathanael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAristotle thinks that we understand something when we know its causes. According to Aristotle but contrary to most recent approaches, causation and explanation cannot be understood separately. Aristotle complicates matters by claiming that there are four causes, which have come to be known as the formal, material, final, and efficient causes. To understand Aristotelian causation and its relationship to explanation, then, we must come to a precise understanding of the four causes, and how they are supposed to be explanatory. Aristotle’s discussion of the causes, however, is compact, and he typically presents them without arguing for them. He thus leaves us with a number of questions, ranging from the highly specific to the highly general. One question in particular has captured the attention of scholars and philosophers over the last century, and it has had a strong influence on recent treatments of the four causes – namely, whether we are right to understand Aristotle as committed to a plurality of kinds of causation, or rather a plurality of kinds of explanation. Sometimes the question is raised as one of whether it would be more accurate to speak of the four ‘becauses’ rather than the four ‘causes’. This worry is highly general, and there are in fact several ways in which it might be formulated; nonetheless, it is important to clarify the precise nature of the problem, and the possible ways of responding to it. At issue is not just whether Aristotle’s notions are sufficiently like the modern notion of causation to be relevant to our concerns, but, more importantly, whether the distinctions he draws are ultimately metaphysical or epistemological in character.
Some Recent Work in Experimental Epistemology
Authors: Pinillos Nestor Ángel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractI survey here some recent work on experimental philosophy and its bearing on some current debates in Epistemology. In the first part of the paper, I survey some general methodological issues concerning the relevance of folk judgments (a domain of study of experimental philosophy) to Contextualism and Interest Relative Invariantism (IRI). In the second part, I provide a critical review of several experiments some of which have been thought to disfavor contextualism and IRI, and others which have been thought to favor contrastivism (a type of contextualism).
Rapid onset vasodilatation is blunted in obese humans
Authors: Blain G. M. , Limberg J. K. , Mortensen G. F. , Schrage W. G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  Conduit artery function in obese humans is frequently assessed at rest, but very little is known about resistance artery function in response to muscle contraction. We tested the hypothesis that obese adults will exhibit reduced contraction‐induced rapid onset vasodilatation. Single and brief forearm contractions were used to isolate the local effects of muscle contraction on the forearm vasodilatory response, independent of systemic haemodynamic and sympathetic neural influence.Methods:  We measured forearm blood flow (Doppler ultrasound), blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography) and heart rate (electrocardiogram) on a beat‐by‐beat basis in 14 obese (body mass index = 36.2 ± 1.7 kg m−2) and 14 lean (body mass index = 21.6 ± 0.7 kg m−2) young (18–40 years) adults. Percent changes from baseline in forearm vascular conductance (FVC%) were calculated in response to single, brief forearm contractions performed in random order at 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC).Results:  In both groups, each single contraction evoked a significant (P < 0.05), immediate (within one cardiac cycle) and graded FVC% increase from one up to six cardiac cycles post‐contraction. Immediate (20–50% MVC), peak (15–50% MVC) and total (area under the curve, 20–50% MVC) vasodilatory responses were reduced with obesity. The degree of impaired vasodilatation increased with increasing workloads.Conclusions:  These novel findings demonstrate a blunted contraction‐induced rapid onset vasodilatation with obesity that is exercise intensity dependent. Impaired rapid onset vasodilatation may negatively impact haemodynamic responses to everyday intermittent activities performed by obese humans.
Deaf Readers as Bilinguals: An Examination of Deaf Readers’ Print Comprehension in Light of Current Advances in Bilingualism and Second Language Processing
Authors: Piñar Pilar , Dussias Paola E. , Morford Jill P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMuch work has examined whether deaf and hearing individuals’ reading strategies are qualitatively different, under the assumption that such differences might account for discrepancies in levels of reading achievement (cf., Allen 1986; Gallaudet Research Institute 2005; Holt 1994; Karchmer and Mitchell 2003; Traxler 2000; Wauters et al. 2006). While generalizing over the performance of deaf readers is not trivial, the evidence seems to converge on the reader’s quality of modality‐independent language experience as the best predictor for reading abilities (Mayberry et al. 2011). In order to better understand the relationship between sign literacy and written literacy, more attention needs to be devoted to the fact that most deaf readers are bilingual in a signed and a written language and that, in most cases, the written language is, effectively, their second language. The growing body of research on bilingualism and L2 processing is rapidly advancing our understanding of the architecture of the bilingual brain and of the individual factors that might affect both production and comprehension in a second language. This body of research has great potential to illuminate aspects of deaf readers’ behavior that have heretofore appeared vexing. In turn, including deaf literacy studies within the larger context of research on bilingualism will contribute to a richer picture of the bilingual experience.
Sentence Comprehension in Aphasia
Authors: Clark David Glenn 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAphasia is a disorder of language that sometimes occurs in the setting of brain damage. Aphasic disturbances of syntactic comprehension have been described only in recent decades, and have been characterized as the loss of the ability to understand non‐canonical sentences. Several interesting hypotheses have been advanced to explain this phenomenon. Some of these hypotheses rest on the assumption that heuristics play a role in producing the aphasic comprehension pattern. Evidence from the past decade suggests that heuristic processes do play a role in normal sentence comprehension, and act in concert with slower processes that more closely resemble the syntax of linguistic theory. The slower syntactic mechanisms appear to be more readily disturbed by brain damage, leading to greater difficulty with sentences that cannot be interpreted heuristically. However, the dichotomy between canonical and non‐canonical sentences accounts for little of the variance in the performance of aphasic individuals. Instead, the comprehension of each sentence structure is disrupted according to the complexity of the structure and the severity of the individual’s aphasia. This observation argues against hypotheses that posit a deficit of a specific linguistic operation and favors reduction of a hypothetical cognitive resource that is necessary for normal comprehension. In this case, the chief contribution from linguistic theory is the syntactic tree itself, which affords a concise characterization of the difficulty of parsing and interpreting a given sentence. The field now faces several challenges. The neural basis of heuristic, parsing, and interpretive mechanisms must be elucidated. Achievement of this objective entails a neural characterization of the cognitive resource that is disrupted in sentence comprehension disorders and of the semantic representations onto which morphemes and sentences are mapped.
Small Clauses
Authors: Citko Barbara 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the empirical and theoretical questions surrounding small clause constructions. After delimiting the range of constructions that have been analyzed as small clauses, it turns to more concrete arguments in favor of the very existence of small clauses. The arguments involve crosslinguistic, acquisition and diachronic considerations. The paper also reviews the main proposals concerning the internal structure, category and typology of small clauses, drawing primarily on data involving copular constructions.
The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study
Authors: Ikematsu Hideyuki , Takeuchi Yuriko , Rosenlund Mats , Kawai Naoki , Shimamura Ryuji , Hirata Miki , Iwaki Norio 
Published: October 2011

Please cite this paper as: Ikematsu et al. (2011) The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), 211–217.Objectives  Influenza can be a serious illness, especially for older people, and reducing the impact of influenza in elderly is important. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and postinfection outcomes of influenza among the over‐50 population in Japan.Design  An observational study was designed to ascertain the proportion of influenza cases in a population aged ≥50 years with acute respiratory infection (ARI) and to determine the postinfection outcomes of their illness during the 2008–09 influenza season in Japan. Respiratory specimens obtained from a total of 401 patients were tested by PCR for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). The effectiveness of the seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine was estimated by a test‐negative case control analysis.Setting  Seventeen outpatient clinics located in four separate areas of Japan.Sample  Respiratory swab specimens from the ARI patients aged ≥50 years.Main outcome measures  Laboratory confirmed influenza in patients presenting with ARI.Results  In all, 89 (22.2%) of the patients were positive for one of the tested viruses; 70 (78.7%) with influenza, 17 (19.1%) with RSV, and 2 (2.2%) with hMPV. Cough (95.7% vs 73.4%), loss of appetite (67.1% vs 35.5%), absence from work (50.0% vs 23.0%), impact on daily activity (90.0% vs 62.5%), and caregiver absence from work (5.7% vs 0.6%) were observed higher in influenza patients. The duration of feeling weakness (6.3 ± 5.4 vs 3.6 ± 1.9 days) and average days of reduced activity (5.2 vs 3.6 days) were longer for influenza patients. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated to be 32.1% (95% CI: −14.9, 59.9%).Conclusions  Influenza was the dominant ARI‐causing virus and the clinical and socio‐economic outcomes imposed on patients over 50 years of age was high for influenza.
Invasive bacterial infections following influenza: a time‐series analysis in Montréal, Canada, 1996–2008
Authors: Allard R. , Couillard M. , Pilon P. , Kafka M. , Bédard L. 
Published: October 2011

Please cite this paper as: Allard et al. (2012) Invasive bacterial infections following influenza: a time‐series analysis in Montréal, Canada, 1996–2008. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(4), 268–275.Background  Shared seasonal patterns, such as between influenza and some respiratory bacterial infections, can create associations between phenomena not causally related.Objectives  To estimate the association of influenza with subsequent bacterial infections after full adjustment for confounding by seasonal and long‐term trends.Methods  Time series of weekly counts of notified cases of invasive infections with Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes, in Montréal, Canada, 1996–2008, were modelled by negative binomial regression, with terms representing seasonal and long‐term trends and terms for numbers of positive laboratory tests for influenza A and B.Results  The associations of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and N. meningitidis with influenza disappeared after seasonal terms were added to the model. However, the influenza B count remained associated with the S. pyogenes counts for the same week and the following week: S. pyogenes incidence rate ratios were 1.0376 (95% CI: 1.0009–1.0757) and 1.0354 (0.9958–1.0766), respectively, for each increase of 1 in the influenza count.Conclusions  Influenza B accounts for about 8percnt; of the incidence of invasive S. pyogenes infections, over and above any effect associated with modellable seasonal and long‐term trends. This association of influenza B with S. pyogenes infections can be attributed largely to the years 1997, 2001, 2007 and 2008, when late peaks in influenza B counts were followed by peaks in S. pyogenes notifications. This finding reinforces the case for universal immunization against influenza, as partial protection against the ‘flesh eating disease’.
Management of multiple inter‐implant papillae – a report of two cases with 18–36‐month follow‐up
Authors: McCrea S.J.J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractToday, oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated dental implants is considered a routine, being utilised for single‐tooth and partial edentulism tooth replacement, and full edentulism therapy. However, osseointegration does not always result in aesthetic success and patient satisfaction. Numerous surgical and restorative management techniques have been developed to achieve predictable and long‐term stable aesthetic and functional success. However, the periodontally compromised patient remains a challenge to all those techniques. This is a ‘step‐by‐step’ surgical and restorative approach to produce a visibly pleasing result where management had to address:
long‐term chronic adult periodontitis with associated gross horizontal bone loss;
elective, multiple extractions of adjacent anterior maxillary teeth with their immediate implant placement;
maintenance of/or regeneration of interdental and inter‐implant papilla; and
maintenance of the width of keratinised gingival tissue and the associated position of the mucogingival junction.
Ectopic wisdom tooth in the condyle area
Authors: Mourouzis C. , Igoumenakis D. , Dais P. , Rallis G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGrossly ectopic third molar is a quite rare condition. Only a few cases of wisdom tooth location in the condyle area of the mandible have been reported. A patient with a third molar inclusion in the condylar region is presented. The intra‐oral removal of this tooth is described.