bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Antitumoral Activities of Dioncoquinones B and C and Related Naphthoquinones Gained from Total Synthesis or Isolation from Plants.
Authors: Bringmann Gerhard , Zhang Guoliang , Hager Anastasia , Moos Michael , Irmer Andreas , Bargou Ralf , Chatterjee Manik 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe best route to dioncoquinone B (VI) is a Grignard approach starting from amide (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Arylethynylanthraquinone and Bis(arylethynyl)anthraquinone: Strong Donor—Acceptor Interaction and Proton‐Induced Cyclization to Form Pyrylium and Dipyrylium Salts
Authors: Sakamoto Ryota , Rao Koya Prabhakara , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractReview: 26 refs.
Study on flow fields in a bioreactor with perforated blades
Authors: Yufeng Wang , Xiaomei Bie , Fengxia Lv , Chong Zhang , Zhaoxin Lu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFlow fields of a gas–liquid fluid in a bioreactor with perforated blades were evaluated with the computational fluid dynamics and particle image velocimetry (PIV). The flow pattern of the fluid was the complex turbulence, and the fluid had preferable flow fields for fermentations. Using a rotating coordinate system and a sliding mesh method, a mesh of 24 × 16 × 80 (X × Y × Z) was selected due to its high accuracy and appropriate workload. The numerical results of the two‐phase flow model agreed well with the experimental results of the PIV, such as flow field characteristics and data curves. The RNG k–ε model was adopted, which could precisely simulate anisotropic flow fields around higher‐speed blades. Whole deviations of X‐, Y‐ and Z‐direction velocities ranged only from 5.4% to 10.5%, and continuous turbulence models could effectively simulate transfer procedures of the fluid. Because of its low cost, simplicity and easy of scale‐up, the bioreactor with perforated blades and its models mechanism of fluid microelements are expected to be efficient for its industrial amplification and application in food industry. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Estimation of bitumen froth quality using Bayesian information synthesis: An application to froth transportation process
Authors: Shao Xinguang , Xu Fangwei , Huang Biao , Espejo Aris 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study presents the design of soft sensors for estimation of bitumen froth quality in an oil sands natural froth lubricated (NFL) transportation process. One of the most important quality indexes for bitumen froth is the water content. Due to the variation in oil sands composition and the nature of multi‐phase process conditions, existing hardware sensors are not reliable enough to provide on‐line accurate water content measurement. Laboratory analysis result is obtained off‐line with large sampling interval and irregular time delay. Therefore, it is not sufficient for real‐time monitoring and control. To overcome these limitations, Bayesian information synthesis approach is proposed to fuse all the existing information to produce more reliable and more accurate real‐time froth quality information. This technique has been applied in Syncrude Canada Extraction operations; both monitoring and control performance illustrate the promising perspectives of the proposed approach. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Regioselective Synthesis of Fused Azo‐linked Pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyridines Using Nano‐Fe3O4
Authors: Nikpassand Mohammad , Zare Leila , Shafaati Tamila , Shariati Shahab 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of fused azo‐linked pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyridines from 3‐amino‐5‐methylpyrazole, indan‐1,3‐dione and synthesized azo‐linked aldehydes using nano‐Fe3O4 as an effective and reusable catalyst is reported. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as a simple procedure with an easy work‐up, short reaction times, high yields, and the absence of any volatile and hazardous organic solvents.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Metoclopramide in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Pre‐column Derivatization with Fluorescamine
Authors: Tatar Ulu Sevgi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA simple, rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of metoclopramide in pharmaceutical preparation. The method is based on the derivatization of metoclopramide with fluorescamine. The separation was achieved on a C18 column using methanol‐water (70:30, V/V) mobile phase. Fluorescence detector was used at the excitation and emission of 403 and 485 nm, respectively. The method was validated for linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, recovery, robustness and system suitability. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 100–2000 ng/mL. The mean recovery was 100.37%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the assay of metoclopramide in tablet preparation. The preparation was also analyzed with an official method and statistical comparison by t‐ and F‐tests revealed that there was no significant difference between the results of the two methods with respect to mean values and standard deviations at the 95% confidence level.
Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1H‐1,3‐benzimidazole Derivatives Using Silica‐bonded Propyl‐S‐sulfonic Acid as Recyclable Solid Acid Catalyst
Authors: Ghaem Ahmadi‐Ana Sayed Mohammad , Baghernejad Mojtaba , Niknam Khodabakhsh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA highly selective synthesis of 2‐aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1H‐1,3‐benzimidazoles from the reaction of o‐phenylenediamine and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of silica‐bonded propyl‐S‐sulfonic acid (SBSSA) at 80°C in water in good to excellent yields was developed.
Synthesis and Mesophase Behavior of Phenylthiophene Based Amphiphilic Molecules
Authors: Jing Shan , Zhang Ruilin , Dai Heng , Du Chao , Cheng Xiaohong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNovel amphiphilic molecules consisting of a rigid 2‐phenylthiophene core, with a polar flexible tri(oxylethylene) moiety attached to the phenyl ring and one or two alkyl chains attached to the thiophene ring at the other side have been synthesized by using Ni(II) and Pd(0) catalyzed coupling reaction as key steps. The tri(oxylethylene) moieties were terminated with hydroxyl group, sodium carboxylate group and lithium carboxylate group respectively. The thermotropic and solvent induced liquid crystalline behavior of these substances was investigated by polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction. Thereby the influence of the terminal groups attached to the tri(oxylethylene) moities as well as the influence of the length and the number of the alkyl chains on the mesophase behavior were investigated. The single alkyl chain Na‐carboxylate termianted derivatives show smectic A phases, double alkyl chain Na‐carboxylate terminated derivatives show a thermo tropic hexagonal columnar mesophase, while columnar mesophases are found in both single and double alkyl chain Li‐carbonate terminated derivatives. The model for molecular organization in the hexagonal columnar mesophase is established.
Mesoporöse Silica
Authors: Wilke Timm , Haffer Stefanie , Tiemann Michael , Waitz Thomas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPoröse Funktionsmaterialien wie halbleitende Metalloxide, Kohlenstoff‐Formen oder auch Silica werden aktuell von verschiedenen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen intensiv für Bereiche der Energiespeicherung, Sensorik, Katalyse und Stofftrennung erforscht. Im Beitrag werden schwerpunktmäßig geordnet‐mesoporöse Silica‐Materialien behandelt, die seit etwa 20 Jahren synthetisch zugänglich sind. Neben den Grundlagen der Herstellung über ein Templat‐Verfahren werden im Beitrag auch drei Experimente vorgestellt, die im Chemieunterricht oder Schülerlabor durchgeführt werden können. Zudem wird gezeigt, dass sich verschiedene Aspekte aus dem Kompetenzbereich Fachwissen mit Hilfe des Themas „Mesoporöse Silica“ miteinander vernetzen lassen.
Developmental expression and cardiac transcriptional regulation of Myh7b, a third myosin heavy chain in the vertebrate heart
Authors: Warkman Andrew S. , Whitman Samantha A. , Miller Melanie K. , Garriock Robert J. , Schwach Catherine M. , Gregorio Carol C. , Krieg Paul A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe mammalian heart expresses two myosin heavy chain (MYH) genes (Myh6 and Myh7), which are major components of the thick filaments of the sarcomere. We have determined that a third MYH, MYH7B, is also expressed in the myocardium. Developmental analysis shows Myh7b expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle of Xenopus, chick and mouse embryos, and in smooth muscle tissues during later stages of mouse embryogenesis. Myh7b is also expressed in the adult human heart. The promoter region of the Myh7b gene shows remarkable similarity between diverse species, suggesting that transcriptional control mechanisms have been conserved. Using luciferase reporter analysis in rat cardiomyocytes, it can be shown that MEF2, GATA, and E‐box regulatory elements are essential for efficient expression of the Myh7b gene. In addition two conserved elements that do not correspond to consensus binding sites for known transcription factors are also essential for full transcriptional activity of the Myh7b reporter. Finally, the Myh7b gene shows a transcriptional response similar to Myh6 in response to cardiac hypertrophy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Effects of temporally varying inlet conditions on flow and particle deposition in the small bronchial tubes
Authors: Soni Bela , Thompson David 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThe laminar flow in the small bronchial tubes is quite complex because of the presence of vortex‐dominated, secondary flows. Factors contributing to this complexity are the unsteady nature of the inhale–exhale breathing cycle and the geometrical characteristics of the bronchial tubes. To investigate unsteady effects on flows and particle transport, unsteady inhalation flows at a 30‐respiration‐per‐minute frequency, corresponding to a moderate activity level, were simulated for a three‐generation, asymmetric, planar bronchial tube model. Ten‐micron diameter water droplets were introduced at the inlet at different times during inhalation to develop particle destination maps. The differences in the flow fields and destination maps obtained at the unsteady peak flow and the comparable steady‐state inflow condition were minimal. However, particles released at equivalent instantaneous off‐peak inflow conditions produced different destination maps. The differences were attributed to the temporal variations of the fluid velocities and history effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copper(II) n‐Alkylphosphonates Used as Nanofillers: Single Crystal, Powder Structure Studies and Influence of the Alkyl Chain Length on the Magnetic Properties
Authors: Chausson Sophie , Rueff Jean‐Michel , Lepetit Marie Bernadette , Perez Olivier , Retoux Richard , Simon Charles , Le Pluart Loïc , Jaffrès Paul‐Alain 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article reports the synthesis, structures and the physical properties of a homologous series of copper alkylphosphonates. Cu(O3PCH2CH3)·H2O (CuPC2) and Cu(O3PCH2CH2CH3)·H2O (CuPC3) are both monoclinic with the same space group P21/a. Hydrothermal synthesis gave blue plate‐like crystals allowing single crystal resolution. The synthesis in solution of the homologous series, from phosphonic acids possessing different alkyl chain lengths (chains with n = 2, 3, 6, 10, 14 or 18 carbon atoms), spontaneously produced either monohydrated Cu[O3P−(CH2)n–1−CH3]·H2O (n = 2, 3, 6) or dehydrated materials Cu[O3P−(CH2)n–1−CH3] for n = 10, 14 and 18. The differences between the hydrated and dehydrated forms occur mainly in the inorganic slabs. The loss of the water molecule leads to a modification of the bonding scheme and the isolated [Cu2O8] dimers present in the hydrated inorganic layer are, in the dehydrated form, connected together by means of one edge. This structural change accounts for the different magnetic behaviour. In the case of dehydrated compounds, these materials were dispersed into a polyamide matrix. It has been observed that the magnetic behaviour is transferred to the polyamide composite.
A Joint Experimental and Computational Investigation on Homoconjugated Push‐Pull Chromophores Derived from 7,7‐Diphenylnorbornane
Authors: Herrero‐García Noelia , del Rosario Colorado Heras María , del Rosario Torres María , Fernández Israel , Osío Barcina José 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report hereon the synthesis, spectroscopic properties and computational studies of novel aromatic homoconjugated compounds derived from 7,7‐diphenylnorbornane (DPN). The UV/Vis spectra of these compounds show bands corresponding to the respective chromophores as well as new homoconjugation bands and charge transfer absorptions in D–DPN–A push‐pull derivatives. Homoconjugation between the aromatic rings strongly depends on the nature of the substitution at the aryl moieties. Therefore, electronic communication by homoconjugation can be easily tuned by controlling the electronic nature and positions of the substituents. The strong homoconjugative interaction is also reflected in the reactivity, NMR spectra and NLO properties of the compounds studied. DFT calculations nicely agree with the experimental data and shed light on the electronic delocalization via homoconjugation.
An Efficient and General Iron‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Furans via α‐Hydroxy Ketones and Activated Alkynes
Authors: Cao Hua , Zhan Haiying , Wu Jianyong , Zhong Haiping , Lin Yuanguang , Zhang Hong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new practical and economical process for the synthesis of substituted furan derivatives has been developed by an FeCl3‐catalyzed reaction of α‐hydroxy ketones with activated alkynes. This methodology represents a highly efficient synthetic route to electron‐deficient furans for which catalytic approaches are scarce. Furthermore, this transformation is associated with readily available substrates, good yields, and mild conditions.
A Rapid and Sensitive Aptamer‐Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Direct Detection of Escherichia Coli O111
Authors: Luo Caihui , Lei Yaning , Yan Li , Yu Tianxiao , Li Qing , Zhang Decai , Ding Shijia , Ju Huangxian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA sensitive and specific electrochemical biosensor based on target‐induced aptamer displacement was developed for direct detection of Escherichia coli O111. The aptamer for Escherichia coli O111 was immobilized on a gold electrode by hybridization with the capture probe anchored on the electrode surface through Au‐thiol binding. In the presence of Escherichia coli O111, the aptamer was dissociated from the capture probe‐aptamer duplex due to the stronger interaction between the aptamer and the Escherichia coli O111. The consequent single‐strand capture probe could be hybridized with biotinylated detection probe and tagged with streptavidin‐alkaline phosphatase, producing sensitive enzyme‐catalyzed electrochemical response to Escherichia coli O111. The designed biosensor showed weak electrochemical signal to Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and common non‐pathogenic Escherichia coli, indicating high specificity for Escherichia coli O111. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed strategy could directly detect Escherichia coli O111 with the detection limit of 112 CFU mL−1 in phosphate buffer saline and 305 CFU mL−1 in milk within 3.5 h, demonstrated the sensitive and accurate quantification of target pathogenic bacteria. The designed biosensor could become a powerful tool for pathogenic microorganisms screening in clinical diagnostics, food safety, biothreat detection and environmental monitoring.
Detection algorithm for the validation of human cell lines
Authors: Eltonsy Névine , Gabisi Vivian , Li Xuesong , Russe K. Blair , Mills Gordon B. , Stemke‐Hale Katherine 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCell lines are an important tool in understanding all aspects of cancer growth, development, metastasis and tumor cell death. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of cell lines and diversity of the cancers they represent; however, misidentification and cross‐contamination of cell lines can lead to erroneous conclusions. One method that has gained favor for authenticating cell lines is the use of short tandem repeats (STR) to generate a unique DNA profile. The challenge in validating cell lines is the requirement to compare the large number of existing STR profiles against cell lines of interest, particularly when considering that the profiles of many cell lines have drifted over time and original samples are not available. We report here methods that analyze the variations and the proportional changes extracted from tetra‐nucleotide repeat regions in the STR analysis. This technique allows a paired match between a target cell line and a reference database of cell lines to find cell lines that match within a user designated percentage cut‐off quality matrix. Our method accounts for DNA instability and can suggest whether the target cell lines are misidentified or unstable.
Effect of increased strut porosity of calcium phosphate bone graft substitute biomaterials on osteoinduction
Authors: Coathup Melanie J. , Hing Karin A. , Samizadeh Sorousheh , Chan Oliver , Fang Yvette S. , Campion Charlie , Buckland Thomas , Blunn Gordon W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe effect of increasing strut porosity on the osteoinductivity of porous calcium phosphate (CaP) and silicate‐substituted calcium phosphate (SiCaP) bone substitute materials was investigated in an ovine ectopic model. One to two millimeter‐sized granules or block implants with strut porosities of 10, 20, or 30% were inserted into the left and right paraspinalis muscle. At 12 weeks, histological sections were prepared through the center of each implant and bone contact, bone area and implant area quantified. Backscattered scanning electron microscopy (bSEM) was used to visualize bone within small pores in the struts of the scaffolds. Increased bone formation was measured in the SiCaP with 30% strut porosity (5.482% ± 1.546%) when compared with the nonsilicate CaP with the same morphology (1.160% ± 0.502%, p = 0.02), indicating that silicate substitution may increase osteoinduction. Greater bone formation was seen in scaffolds with increased strut porosity. No bone growth was found in any of the SiCaP scaffold with 10% porosity. There was no significant difference between block and granule specimens. Scanning electron microscopy and EDX in combination with histology demonstrated bone formation within pores <5 μm in size. The use of silicate‐substituted CaP material with increased strut porosity may further augment repair and regeneration in bony sites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
SPARC/SFN interaction, suppresses type I collagen in dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Chavez‐Muñoz Claudia , Hartwell Ryan , Jalili Reza B. , Jafarnejad Seyed Mehdi , Lai Amy , Nabai Layla , Ghaffari Abdi , Hojabrpour Peymon , Kanaan Natalia , Duronio Vincent , Guns Emma , Cherkasov Artem , Ghahary Aziz 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe previously suggested that keratinocyte releasable factors might modulate the wound healing process by regulating the expression of key extracellular matrix components such as collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase‐1) and type I collagen in fibroblasts. The first one, we called it keratinocyte‐derived anti‐fibrogenic factor (KDAF), identified as stratifin (SFN) also named 14‐3‐3σ, revealing a strong collagenase activity. However, the second factor, which we named keratinocyte‐derived collagen‐inhibiting factor(s) (KD‐CIF) that has shown to control the synthesis of type I collagen, was not known. Upon conducting a series of systematic protein purification methods followed by mass spectroscopy, two proteins: secreted protein acidic rich in cystein (SPARC) and SFN were identified in keratinocyte‐conditioned media. Using co‐immunoprecipitation and 3D modeling, we determined that SFN and SPARC form a complex thereby controlling the type I collagen synthesis and expression in fibroblasts. The levels of these proteins in fibrotic tissues (animal and human) were also evaluated and a differential expression of these proteins between normal and fibrotic tissue confirmed their potential role in development of fibrotic condition. In conclusion, this study describes for the first time an interaction between SPARC and SFN that may have implications for the regulation of matrix deposition and prevention of dermal fibrotic conditions such as hypertrophic scars and keloid. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2622–2632, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive Processes Mediate the Relation Between Mindfulness and Social Anxiety Within a Clinical Sample
Authors: Schmertz Stefan K. , Masuda Akihiko , Anderson Page L. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesThe researchers investigated the relation between mindfulness and social anxiety symptoms, and examined whether this relation is mediated by cognitive appraisals commonly associated with social anxiety.ParticipantsNinety‐eight individuals diagnosed with social phobia.DesignUsing a cross‐sectional design, ordinary least squares regression and bootstrapping mediation analyses were used to test the study hypotheses.ResultsMindfulness was negatively related to symptoms of social anxiety. This relation was partially mediated by cognitive appraisals about the likelihood and cost of a negative social outcome.ConclusionFurther research using a longitudinal design and other measures of mindfulness is needed to replicate these findings and further explicate the mechanism by which mindfulness might be associated with negative cognitive appraisals.
GRP78/BiP is a novel downstream target of IGF‐1 receptor mediated signaling
Authors: Pfaffenbach Kyle T. , Pong Michelle , Morgan Todd E. , Wang Hongjun , Ott Kate , Zhou Beiyun , Longo Valter D. , Lee Amy S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGlucose regulated protein 78/immunoglobulin binding protein (GRP78/BiP) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein and master regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The response of GRP78 to overt pharmacologically induced ER stress is well established, whereas the modulation of GRP78 to physiologic changes is less characterized. In this study, we examined the regulation of GRP78 in response to reduced IGF‐1 growth factor signaling, a common consequence of calorie restriction (CR). ER chaperone protein expression was quantified in cell lysates prepared from the livers of calorie restricted (CR) and ad libitum fed mice, as well as MEFs grown in normal medium or serum starved. The requirement of IGF‐1 signaling on GRP78 expression was studied using MEFs with IGF‐1 receptor overexpression (R+) or deletion (R−), and the regulatory mechanism was examined using mTORC1 and PI3K inhibitors, as well as R− cells with knockdown of transcription factor FOXO1 compared to shRNA control. We observed a 40% reduction in GRP78 protein expression in CR mice and in serum‐starved MEF cells. R− cells had drastically reduced AKT phosphorylation and exhibited lower levels of ER chaperones, in particular 80% less GRP78. Despite an 80% reduction in GRP78 expression, R− cells were not under chronic ER stress, but were fully capable of activating the UPR. Neither forced expression of FOXO1‐AAA nor knockdown of FOXO1 in R− cells affected GRP78 expression. In conclusion, we report that IGF‐1 receptor signaling regulates GRP78 expression via the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 axis independent of the canonical UPR and FOXO1. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3803–3811, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.