bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twist1 and Y‐box‐binding protein‐1 promote malignant potential in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Shiota Masaki , Yokomizo Akira , Itsumi Momoe , Uchiumi Takeshi , Tada Yasuhiro , Song YooHyun , Kashiwagi Eiji , Masubuchi Daisuke , Naito Seiji 
Published: November 2010

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? So far, transcription factor Twist1 has been reported to regulate Y‐box binding protein‐1 (YB‐1) expression and play important roles in tumour growth, invasion and drug resistance. This study revealed that in bladder cancer cells, Twist1 regulated YB‐1 transcription and both Twist1 and YB‐1 promote malignant potentials including tumour growth, invasion and anticancer‐drug resistance.Although the relation between Twist1/YB‐1 signaling and cancer malignant potentials including tumour growth, invasion and anticancer‐drug resistance have been suggested, their roles in bladder cancer remain unknown. This study revealed their functional importance in bladder cancer, indicating that both Twist1 and YB‐1 are promising molecular targets in bladder cancer.OBJECTIVE• To investigate the roles of Twist1 and Y‐box binding protein‐1 (YB‐1) and their potential as therapeutic targets in bladder cancer (BC), as both have been suggested to play important roles in tumour growth, invasion and drug resistance.MATERIALS AND METHODS• Bladder cancer cell lines (TCCsup, UMUC3, T24 and KK47 cells) were used.• Twist1 and YB‐1 expression levels were assessed by luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis.• Tumour growth and cell cycle were analysed by cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry, respectively.• Invasive and motile abilities were investigated by scratch‐wound test and migration assay, respectively. Cytotoxicity assay was performed to determine drug sensitivity.RESULTS• The findings showed that Twist1 regulated YB‐1 expression in BC cells.• Both Twist1 and YB‐1 were involved in cell growth, invasion, motility and resistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin, but not to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU).CONCLUSION• The present study showed that Twist1 regulates YB‐1 expression and that both Twist1 and YB‐1 promote malignant potentials, including tumour growth, invasion and anti‐cancer‐drug resistance, indicating that both Twist1 and YB‐1 are novel molecular targets in BC.
Early prostate cancer – which treatment do men prefer and why?
Authors: Anandadas Carmel N. , Clarke Noel W. , Davidson Susan E. , O’Reilly Patrick H. , Logue John P. , Gilmore Lynne , Swindell Ric , Brough Richard J. , Wemyss‐Holden Guy D. , Lau Maurice W. , Javle Pradip M. , Ramani Vijay A.C. , Wylie James P. , Collins Gerald N. , Brown Stephen , Cowan Richard A. ,   On behalf of the North West Uro‐oncology Group
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Preference (prospective cohort) Level of Evidence 1b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? In general the literature suggests that there is a need for improvement in aiding men diagnosed with early prostate cancer in their decision making about treatment options and that our understanding of this process is inadequate. There is limited data analyzing the reasons why these men decide between potentially curative or observational treatments and data evaluating patients’ views before and after definitive therapy are scarce.This study begins the process of understanding the reasons underlying a patient’s final treatment decision. Being a prospective study, it looks at the thought processes of these men before treatment during the time the decision is made. It also documents how satisfied patients are with their choice after their treatment and whether they would choose the same treatment again.OBJECTIVE• To identify the reasons for patients with localised prostate cancer choosing between treatments and the relationship of procedure type to patient satisfaction post‐treatment.PATIENTS AND METHODS• 768 men with prostate cancer (stage T1/2, Gleason ≤7, PSA <20 ug/L) chose between four treatments: radical prostatectomy, brachytherapy, conformal radiotherapy and active surveillance.• Prior to choosing, patients were counselled by a urological surgeon, clinical (radiation) oncologist and uro‐oncology specialist nurse.• Pre‐treatment reasons for choice were recorded. Post‐treatment satisfaction was examined via postal questionnaire.RESULTS• Of the 768 patients, 305 (40%) chose surgery, 237 (31%) conformal beam radiotherapy, 165 (21%) brachytherapy and 61 (8%) active surveillance.• Sixty percent of men who opted for radical prostatectomy were motivated by the need for physical removal of the cancer.• Conformal radiotherapy was mainly chosen by patients who feared other treatments (n = 63, 27%). Most men chose brachytherapy because it was more convenient for their lifestyle (n = 64, 39%).• Active surveillance was chosen by patients for more varied reasons. Post‐treatment satisfaction was assessed in a subgroup who took part in the QOL aspect of this study.• Of the respondents to the questionnaire, 212(87.6%) stated that they were satisfied/extremely satisfied with their choice and 171(92.9%) indicated they would choose the same treatment again.CONCLUSION• Men with early prostate cancer have clear reasons for making decisions about treatment. Overall, patients were satisfied with the treatment and indicated that despite different reasons for choosing treatment, they would make the same choice again.
Birth Preferences that Deviate from the Norm in Sweden: Planned Home Birth versus Planned Cesarean Section
Authors: Hildingsson Ingegerd , Rådestad Ingela , Lindgren Helena 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Opting for a home birth or requesting a cesarean section in a culture where vaginal birth in a hospital is the norm challenges the health care system. The aim of this study was to compare background characteristics of women who chose these very different birth methods and to see how these choices affected factors of care and the birth experience.Methods:  This descriptive study employed a secondary data analysis of a sample of women who gave birth from 1997 to 2008, including 671 women who had a planned home birth and 126 women who had a planned cesarean section based on maternal request. Data were collected by means of questionnaires. Logistic regression with crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with a 95 percent confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated.Results:  Women with a planned home birth had a higher level of education (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5–3.6), were less likely to have a high body mass index (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.01–0.6), and were less likely to be smokers (OR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.4) when compared with women who had planned cesarean sections. When adjusted for background variables, women with a planned home birth felt less threat to the baby’s life during birth (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.03–0.4), and were more satisfied with their participation in decision making (OR: 6.0; 95% CI: 3.3–10.7) and the support from their midwife (OR 3.9; 95% CI: 2.2–7.0). They also felt more in control (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.6–6.6), had a more positive birth experience (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.7–5.0), and were more satisfied with intrapartum care (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3–4.1) compared with women who had a planned cesarean section on maternal request.Conclusions:  Women who planned a home birth and women who had a cesarean section based on maternal request are significantly different groups of mothers in terms of sociodemographic background. In a birth context that promotes neither home birth nor cesarean section without medical reasons, we found that those women who had a planned home birth felt more involvement in decision making and had a more positive birth experience than those who had a requested, planned cesarean section. (BIRTH 37:4 December 2010)
Effects of Guided Imagery on Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women with Hypertension: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moffatt Faith Wight , Hodnett Ellen , Esplen Mary Jane , Watt‐Watson Judy 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Hypertension occurs in nearly 10 percent of pregnancies, and is associated with higher risk of infant and maternal morbidity and mortality than in normal pregnancies. Previous studies have suggested that relaxation therapies reduce blood pressure in nonpregnant adults. The objectives of this pilot randomized trial were to provide preliminary evidence of whether relaxation by means of guided imagery would reduce blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant women, and to assess the feasibility of a larger trial.Methods:  A total of 69 pregnant women with hypertension were randomized to periods of guided imagery or of quiet rest, twice daily for 4 weeks or until delivery, whichever came first. Daytime ambulatory mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and anxiety were measured weekly for up to 4 weeks.Results:  Women allocated to guided imagery had lower mean arterial pressure elevations over time than those allocated to quiet rest (guided imagery: M = 1.58 mmHg, SD = 7.63; quiet rest: M = 5.93 mmHg, SD = 6.55; t = 2.36, p = 0.02). However, when adjusted for baseline mean arterial pressure and gestation, the effect was not significant (p = 0.14). Numbers of women prescribed antihypertensive medication postrandomization were similar (guided imagery: n = 16; quiet rest: n = 13, χ2 = 0.74, p = 0.46). There was also no evidence of an effect on women’s anxiety. Nearly 90 percent (n = 26) of the guided imagery group indicated that they would use it again.Conclusions:  Further rigorous study is warranted to determine effects of guided imagery on maternal blood pressure and perinatal health outcomes. (BIRTH 37:4 December 2010)
Issuance Decisions and Strategic Focus: The Case of Long‐Term Care Insurance
Authors: McShane Michael K. , Cox Larry A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIncreasing costs of long‐term care are placing ever greater burdens on state and federal budgets, yet private long‐term care insurance remains a relatively minor financing vehicle. Although many researchers provide rationales for the limited private market, some life–health insurers have forged ahead into this relatively new and risky line of business. We investigate what makes these insurers different and whether managers are following a diversification or strategic focus strategy. We find that strategic focus is a consistently important factor and that managers' participation and volume decisions are made independently.
A Cross‐National Study of Government Social Insurance as an Alternative to Tort Liability Compensation
Authors: Kerr Dana A. , Ma Yu‐Luen , Schmit Joan T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLitigation rates in the United States have long been considered out of proportion with the remainder of the world, leading to a good deal of economic research trying to understand the causes. Much of that literature has focused on lawyer compensation rules and availability of general damage awards. Another possible reason for differences in national litigation rates is the relative generosity of government social programs. Using a sample of 24 countries over a 12‐year period, we test the relationship between the size of government social program payments and liability costs as measured by liability insurance premiums, and find a strong negative relationship, controlling for income, accident rates, and a variety of other factors.
The Term Structure of Reserve Durations and the Duration of Aggregate Reserves
Authors: Tsai Chenghsien 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEstimating the duration gap of a life insurer demands the knowledge on the durations of liabilities and assets. The literature analyzed the durations of assets extensively but rendered limited analyses on the durations of insurance liabilities. This article calculated the reserve durations for individual policies and estimated the duration of the aggregate reserves. The results showed that the duration of the policy reserve might be negative and/or have a large figure. They further revealed an interesting pattern of the reserve duration with respect to the policy's time to maturity. A term structure with abnormal durations, however, does not result in an abnormal duration of the aggregate reserves.
Comparison of cerebral activity during teeth clenching and fist clenching: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Iida T. , Kato M. , Komiyama O. , Suzuki H. , Asano T. , Kuroki T. , Kaneda T. , Svensson P. , Kawara M. 
Published: November 2010

Iida T, Kato M, Komiyama O, Suzuki H, Asano T, Kuroki T, Kaneda T, Svensson P, Kawara M. Comparison of cerebral activity during teeth clenching and fist clenching: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 635–641. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared the cerebral activity during bilateral light fist‐clenching and light‐teeth clenching to provide more information on the central processing mechanisms underlying awake bruxism. Fourteen subjects participated in our study. Statistical comparisons were used to identify brain regions with significant activation in the subtraction of light fist clenching and light teeth clenching activity minus baseline. Participants also evaluated the perceived effort of clenching for each task, using a visual analogue scale of 0–100, after fMRI was performed. Bilateral light fist‐clenching significantly activated the bilateral sensorimotor cortex, while light teeth‐clenching was significantly associated with activation of the bilateral sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. The VAS scores for fist clenching and teeth clenching were not significantly different. As light teeth‐clenching activates a more extensive cortical network compared with light fist‐clenching, we suggest that the teeth clenching may induce a more complex cerebral activity compared with the performance of a hand motor task. The clinical significance of these findings remains unknown but could perhaps be related to the propensity to trigger awake bruxism.
On Controlling an Uncertain System With Polynomial Chaos and H2 Control Design
Authors: Templeton Brian A. , Cox David E. , Kenny Sean P. , Ahmadian Mehdi , Southward Steve C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper applies the H2 norm along time and parameter domains. The norm is related to the probabilistic H2 problem. It is calculated using polynomial chaos to handle uncertainty in the plant model. The structure of expanded states resulting from Galerkin projections of a state space model with uncertain parameters is used to formulate cost functions in terms of mean performances of the states, as well as covariances. Also, bounds on the norm are described in terms of linear matrix inequalitys. The form of the gradient of the norm, which can be used in optimization, is given as a Lyapunov equation. Additionally, this approach can be used to solve the related probabilistic LQR problem. The legitimacy of the concept is demonstrated through two mechanical oscillator examples. These controllers could be easily implemented on physical systems without observing uncertain parameters.
Cost-effectiveness of exercise on prescription with telephone support among women in general practice over 2 years
Authors: Elley C Raina , Garrett Sue , Rose Sally B , O'Dea Des , Lawton Beverley A , Moyes Simon A , Dowell Anthony C 
Published: November 2010

AimTo assess the cost-effectiveness of exercise on prescription with ongoing support in general practice.MethodsProspective cost-effectiveness study undertaken as part of the 2-year Women's lifestyle study randomised controlled trial involving 1089 ‘less-active’ women aged 40–74. The ‘enhanced Green Prescription’ intervention included written exercise prescription and brief advice from a primary care nurse, face-to-face follow-up at 6 months, and 9 months of telephone support. The primary outcome was incremental cost of moving one ‘less-active’ person into the ‘active’ category over 24 months. Direct costs of programme delivery were recorded. Other (indirect) costs covered in the analyses included participant costs of exercise, costs of primary and secondary healthcare utilisation, allied health therapies and time off work (lost productivity). Cost–effectiveness ratios were calculated with and without including indirect costs.ResultsFollow-up rates were 93% at 12 months and 89% at 24 months. Significant improvements in physical activity were found at 12 and 24 months (p<0.01). The exercise programme cost was New Zealand dollars (NZ$) 93.68 (€45.90) per participant. There was no significant difference in indirect costs over the course of the trial between the two groups (rate ratios: 0.99 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.2) at 12 months and 1.01 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.23) at 24 months, p=0.9). Cost–effectiveness ratios using programme costs were NZ$687 (€331) per person made ‘active’ and sustained at 12 months and NZ$1407 (€678) per person made ‘active’ and sustained at 24 months.ConclusionsThis nurse-delivered programme with ongoing support is very cost-effective and compares favourably with other primary care and community-based physical activity interventions internationally.
New method to identify athletes at high risk of ACL injury using clinic-based measurements and freeware computer analysis
Authors: Myer Gregory D , Ford Kevin R , Hewett Timothy E 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundHigh knee abduction moment (KAM) landing mechanics, measured in the biomechanics laboratory, can successfully identify female athletes at increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.MethodsThe authors validated a simpler, clinic-based ACL injury prediction algorithm to identify female athletes with high KAM measures. The validated ACL injury prediction algorithm employs the clinically obtainable measures of knee valgus motion, knee flexion range of motion, body mass, tibia length and quadriceps-to-hamstrings ratio. It predicts high KAMs in female athletes with high sensitivity (77%) and specificity (71%).ConclusionThis report outlines the techniques for this ACL injury prediction algorithm using clinic-based measurements and computer analyses that require only freely available public domain software.
High-density tissue microarrays from prostate needle biopsies
Authors: McCarthy F , Dennis N , Flohr P , Jhavar S , Parker C , Cooper C S 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundFormalin-fixed prostate biopsies are frequently the only tissue collected at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis. There is therefore a requirement for techniques that allow the use of these prostate biopsy specimens in a high-throughput analysis of immunohistochemical and fluorescence-in-situ-hybridisation-detected biomarkers.MethodsThe authors have previously described methods that allow tissue microarray (TMA) construction from prostate biopsies. Here, we describe significant technical innovations that provide an easier and more robust system of biopsy–TMA construction.Results and discussionThe TMAs produced are of a high density (up to 104 cores each, 8×13) and allow a multiplex analysis of biomarkers in the context of clinical trials.
Retractions in the scientific literature: do authors deliberately commit research fraud?
Authors: Steen R Grant 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundPapers retracted for fraud (data fabrication or data falsification) may represent a deliberate effort to deceive, a motivation fundamentally different from papers retracted for error. It is hypothesised that fraudulent authors target journals with a high impact factor (IF), have other fraudulent publications, diffuse responsibility across many co-authors, delay retracting fraudulent papers and publish from countries with a weak research infrastructure.MethodsAll 788 English language research papers retracted from the PubMed database between 2000 and 2010 were evaluated. Data pertinent to each retracted paper were abstracted from the paper and the reasons for retraction were derived from the retraction notice and dichotomised as fraud or error. Data for each retracted article were entered in an Excel spreadsheet for analysis.ResultsJournal IF was higher for fraudulent papers (p<0.001). Roughly 53% of fraudulent papers were written by a first author who had written other retracted papers (‘repeat offender’), whereas only 18% of erroneous papers were written by a repeat offender (χ=88.40; p<0.0001). Fraudulent papers had more authors (p<0.001) and were retracted more slowly than erroneous papers (p<0.005). Surprisingly, there was significantly more fraud than error among retracted papers from the USA (χ2=8.71; p<0.05) compared with the rest of the world.ConclusionsThis study reports evidence consistent with the ‘deliberate fraud’ hypothesis. The results suggest that papers retracted because of data fabrication or falsification represent a calculated effort to deceive. It is inferred that such behaviour is neither naïve, feckless nor inadvertent.
Experimental exploration of the stratigraphy of fjords fed by glaciofluvial systems
Authors: Overeem Irina , Syvitski James P. M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Whereas most Late Quaternary sedimentary systems experienced only sea-level rise, fjords record unique sequences because rapid uplift after the unloading of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice sheets outpaced global eustatic sea-level rise. This study aims to disentangle how rapid initial uplift and high variability of eustatic sea-level change affects fjord sedimentary records. Two numerical models are coupled, ICE-5G and SedFlux, and show that timing and duration of deglaciation and total uplift strongly affect fjord stratigraphy. The ICE-5G model predicts a number of distinct time intervals during which many fjords deglaciate, independent of latitude and short-term climate. Deglaciation of the entire fjord system takes significantly longer (
c.
6 ka) for fjords that deglaciate early (17–15 ka BP) than for fjords deglaciating after 9 ka BP (
c.
1 ka). Exponential uplift curves totalled
c.
220–280 m, and have half-lives of 1–1.4 ka.

High uplift rates consistently cause rapid progradation of the rivermouth over tens of kilometres. Thick packages of glaciomarine, and glaciofluvial sediments emerged above sea level and are subsequently incised. Sensitivity tests predict high frequency of submarine mass movements. Fjords that deglaciated early additionally show deposition to be strongly dominated by rapid sea-level rise; signs of drowning are pronounced and subsequent thick fine-grained sequences aggrade. We conclude that recently deglaciated fjords record solely deposition under falling sea-level and thus provide the best modern analogues of forced-regressive systems.
Late Weichselian and Holocene sedimentary environments and glacial activity in Billefjorden, Svalbard
Authors: Baeten Nicole J. , Forwick Matthias , Vogt Christoph , Vorren Tore O. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Swath bathymetry data and one sediment core were used to improve the understanding of the Late Weichselian and Holocene glacier activity in Billefjorden, Svalbard. Grounded ice existed in Billefjorden prior to 11.23 cal ka BP (calendar years before present), depositing a basal till and producing glacial lineations. The glacier front retreated from the central parts to the inner parts of the fjord between
c.
11.23 and 11.2 cal ka BP. Annual recessional moraines suggest that this retreat occurred at a rate of up to 170 m a
−1
. During the early Holocene, the glacier Nordenskiöldbreen was comparatively small and sediment supply to central Billefjorden occurred mainly from the fjord sides. An increase in ice rafting around 7930 cal a BP is ascribed to enhanced sea-ice formation. The activity of Nordenskiöldbreen increased around 5470 cal a BP. Ice rafting was generally low during the past
c.
3230 a. This was most likely related to the formation of a more permanent sea-ice cover. Nordenskiöldbreen reached its maximum Holocene extent around AD 1900, generating glacial lineations and depositing a terminal moraine in the inner fjord. Annual recessional moraines were formed during its subsequent retreat. Icebergs from Nordenskiöldbreen generated iceberg ploughmarks during the late Holocene.