bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pericardiocentesis: A clinical anatomy review
Authors: Loukas M. , Walters A. , Boon J.M. , Welch T.P. , Meiring J.H. , Abrahams P.H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe safe and successful performance of pericardiocentesis demands a working and specific knowledge of anatomy. Misunderstanding of anatomy may result in failure or serious complications. This review attempts to aid understanding of the anatomical framework, pitfalls, and complications of pericardiocentesis. Pericardiocentesis is carried out for aspiration of blood from the pericardial cavity in cases of cardiac tamponade and symptomatic pericardial effusion. In addition, this technique may be used for the diagnosis of neoplastic effusions, purulent pericarditis, and introduction of cytotoxic agents into the pericardial space. Most complications of the procedure are due to the needle penetrating the heart and surrounding structures such a coronary arteries, lungs, stomach, colon, and liver. These complications, if severe, may result in pneumothorax, hemothorax, arrhythmias, infections or arterial bleeding. Therefore, the more fluid or blood there is between the myocardium and pericardium—within the pericardial cavity— the less chance of complications. With a thorough knowledge of the complications, regional anatomy and rationale of the technique, and adequate experience, a pericardiocentesis can be carried out safely and successfully. Clin. Anat. 25:872–881, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanistic Studies on a Sulfoxide Transfer Reaction Mediated by Diphenyl Sulfoxide/Triflic Anhydride
Authors: Fascione Martin A. , Adshead Sophie J. , Mandal Pintu K. , Kilner Colin A. , Leach Andrew G. , Turnbull W. Bruce 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSulfoxides are frequently used in organic synthesis as chiral auxiliaries and reagents to mediate a wide variety of chemical transformations. For example, diphenyl sulfoxide and triflic anhydride can be used to activate a wide range of glycosyl donors including hemiacetals, glycals and thioglycosides. In this way, an alcohol, enol or sulfide is converted into a good leaving group for subsequent reaction with an acceptor alcohol. However, reaction of diphenyl sulfoxide and triflic anhydride with oxathiane‐based thioglycosides, and other oxathianes, leads to a different process in which the thioglycoside is oxidised to a sulfoxide. This unexpected oxidation reaction is very stereoselective and proceeds under anhydrous conditions in which the diphenyl sulfoxide acts both as oxidant and as the source of the oxygen atom. Isotopic labelling experiments support a reaction mechanism that involves the formation of oxodisulfonium (S‐O‐S) dication intermediates. These intermediates undergo oxygen‐exchange reactions with other sulfoxides and also allow interconversion of axial and equatorial sulfoxides in oxathiane rings. The reversibility of the oxygen‐exchange reaction suggests that the stereochemical outcome of the oxidation reaction may be under thermodynamic control, which potentially presents a novel strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of sulfoxides.
Photoreversible Supramolecular Polymerisation and Hierarchical Organization of Hydrogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Co‐polymers Composed of Diarylethenes and Oligothiophenes
Authors: Yagai Shiki , Ohta Keisuke , Gushiken Marina , Iwai Kazunori , Asano Atsushi , Seki Shu , Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Morimoto Masakazu , Kitamura Akihide , Karatsu Takashi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDiarylethene 1 equipped with two monotopic melamine hydrogen‐bonding sites and oligothiophene‐functionalized ditopic cyanurate (OTCA) were mixed in a nonpolar solvent to form AA‐BB‐type supramolecular co‐polymers (SCPs) bearing photoswitchable moieties in their main chains and extended π systems as side chains. UV/Vis, fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), TEM, and AFM studies revealed that the two functional co‐monomers formed flexible quasi‐one‐dimensional SCPs in solution that hierarchically self‐organized into helical nanofibers through H‐aggregation of the oligothiophene side chains. Upon irradiating the SCPs with UV light, a transition occurred from the H‐aggregated state to non‐aggregated monomeric oligothiophene side chains, as shown by spectroscopic studies, which indicates the formation of small oligomeric species held together only by hydrogen‐bonding interactions. TEM and AFM visualized unfolded fibrils corresponding to elongated single SCP chains formed upon removal of solvent. The helical nanofibers were regenerated upon irradiating the UVirradiated solution with visible light. These results demonstrated that the supramolecular polymerisation followed by hierarchical organization can be effectively controlled by proper supramolecular designs using diarylethenes and π‐conjugated oligomers.
Fluorogenic Peptide‐Based Substrates for Monitoring Thrombin Activity
Authors: van Berkel Sander S. , van der Lee Bas , van Delft Floris L. , Wagenvoord Rob , Hemker H. Coenraad , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of peptides containing C‐terminal 7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin (AMC) for use in the thrombin generation test (TGT) is described. The lead structure in this project was H‐Gly‐Gly‐Arg‐AMC, of which the water solubility and kinetic parameters (KM and kcat) are greatly improved over those of the substrate in current use in the TGT: Cbz‐Gly‐Gly‐Arg‐AMC. A series of N‐terminally substituted Gly‐Gly‐Arg‐AMC derivatives were synthesized, as well as implementation of structural changes at either the P2 or P3 position of the peptide backbone. Furthermore, two substrates were synthesized that have structural similarities to the chromogenic thrombin substrate SQ68 or that contain a 1,2,3‐triazole moiety in the peptide chain, mimicking an amide bond. To determine the applicability of newly synthesized fluorogenic substrates for monitoring continuous thrombin generation, the KM and kcat values of the conversion of these fluorogenic substrates by thrombin (FIIa) and factor Xa (FXa) were quantified. An initial selection was made on basis of these data, and suitable substrates were further evaluated as substrates in the thrombin generation assay. Assessment of the acquired data showed that several substrates, including the SQ68 derivative Et‐malonate‐Gly‐Arg‐AMC and N‐functionalized Gly‐Gly‐Arg‐AMC derivatives, are suitable candidates for replacement of the substrate currently in use.
Cancer mortality‐to‐incidence ratios in Georgia
Authors: Wagner Sara E. , Hurley Deborah M. , Hébert James R. , McNamara Chrissy , Bayakly A. Rana , Vena John E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to evaluate racial cancer disparities in Georgia by calculating and comparing mortality‐to‐incidence ratios (MIRs) by health district and in relation to geographic factors.METHODS:Data sources included cancer incidence (Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry), cancer mortality (Georgia Vital Records), and health factor (County Health Rankings) data. Age‐adjusted incidence and mortality rates were calculated by cancer site (all sites combined, lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, oral, and cervical) for 2003‐2007. MIRs and 95% confidence intervals were calculated overall and by district for each cancer site, race, and sex. MIRs were mapped by district and compared with geographic health factors.RESULTS:In total, 186,419 incident cases and 71,533 deaths were identified. Blacks had higher MIRs than whites for every cancer site evaluated, and especially large differentials were observed for prostate, cervical, and oral cancer in men. Large geographic disparities were detected, with larger MIRs, chiefly among blacks, in Georgia compared with national data. The highest MIRs were detected in west and east central Georgia, and the lowest MIRs were detected in and around Atlanta. Districts with better health behavior, clinical care, and social/economic factors had lower MIRs, especially among whites.CONCLUSIONS:More fatal cancers, particularly prostate, cervical, and oral cancer in men were detected among blacks, especially in central Georgia, where health behavior and social/economic factors were worse. MIRs are an efficient indicator of survival and provide insight into racial cancer disparities. Additional examination of geographic determinants of cancer fatality in Georgia as indicated by MIRs is warranted. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society
Comparative assessment of 5 methods (methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction, methylight, pyrosequencing, methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting, and immunohistochemistry) to analyze O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltranferase in a series of 100 glioblastoma patients
Authors: Quillien Véronique , Lavenu Audrey , Karayan‐Tapon Lucie , Carpentier Catherine , Labussière Marianne , Lesimple Thierry , Chinot Olivier , Wager Michel , Honnorat Jérome , Saikali Stephan , Fina Frédéric , Sanson Marc , Figarella‐Branger Dominique 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:There is a strong need to determine the best technique for O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltranferase (MGMT) analysis, because MGMT status is currently used in clinical trials and occasionally in routine clinical practice for glioblastoma patients.METHODS:The authors compared analytical performances and predictive values of 5 techniques in a series of 100 glioblastoma patients who received standard of care treatment (Stupp protocol).RESULTS:MGMT promoter was considered methylated in 33%, 33%, 42%, and 60% of patients by methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting, MethyLight, pyrosequencing (with an optimal risk cutoff at 8% for the average percentage of the 5 CpGs tested), and methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (MS‐PCR), respectively. Fifty‐nine percent of the samples had <23% (the optimal risk cutoff) of MGMT‐positive tumor cells. The best predictive values for overall survival (OS), after adjustment for age and performance status, were obtained by pyrosequencing (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; P < .0001), MS‐PCR (HR, 0.37; P < .0001), and immunohistochemistry (HR, 0.43; P = .0005) as compared with methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting (HR, 0.52 P = .02) and MethyLight (HR, 0.6; P = .05). For progression‐free survival (PFS), the best predictive values were obtained with pyrosequencing (HR, 0.35; P < .0001), methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting (HR, 0.46; P = .002), and MS‐PCR (HR, 0.49; P = .002). Combining pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry slightly improved predictive power for OS, but not for PFS. Poor reproducibility and interobserver variability were, however, observed for immunohistochemistry.CONCLUSIONS:Good prediction of survival in addition to high reproducibility and sensitivity made pyrosequencing the best among the 5 techniques tested in this study. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society
Solubility data of trisodium citrate hydrates in aqueous solution and crystal‐solution interfacial energy of the pentahydrate
Authors: Gao Junyan , Xie Chuang , Wang Yanlei , Xu Zhao , Hao Hongxun 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper, the solubility of trisodium citrate dihydrate and trisodium citrate pentahydrate in water was experimentally determined. From solubility data, it was found that the relationship between trisodium citrate dihydrate and trisodium citrate pentahydrate is enantiotropic with a transition temperature at 315.4±1.0 K. Different hydrates can be isolated safely by controlling the crystallization temperature. The induction periods of trisodium citrate pentahydrate in aqueous solution were measured at different temperatures. The crystal–solution interfacial energy was calculated by using classical nucleation (CL) theory, mononuclear (MN) and polynuclear (PL) mechanisms through the relationship between induction period and supersaturation. It was found that the interfacial energy values calculated by using the CL theory and the MN model are nearly the same while interfacial energy calculated by PN model are about 40% higher. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Top‐seeded growth, optical properties and theoretical studies of noncentrosymmetric Te2V2O9
Authors: Zhang Wenlin , Wang Xiaoqing , Shen Guangqiu , Shen Dezhong 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA single crystal of Te2V2O9 with dimensions of 15×15×5 mm3 has been grown by the top‐seeded growth method. Infrared and transmission spectra indicate the transmission cutoff wavelength of Te2V2O9 crystal is about 620 nm in visible region and 6.2 μm in infrared region. In addition, band structure and density of states calculations of Te2V2O9 were carried out using the total‐energy code CASTEP based on density functional theory. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanistic Investigation on the Formation and Dehydrogenation of Calcium Amidoborane Ammoniate
Authors: Chua Yong Shen , Li Wen , Shaw Wendy J. , Wu Guotao , Autrey Tom , Xiong Zhitao , Wong Ming Wah , Chen Ping 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPossessing high H2 capacities and interesting dehydrogenation behavior, metal amidoborane ammoniates were prepared by reacting Ca(NH2)2, MgNH, and LiNH2 with ammonia borane to form Ca(NH2BH3)2⋅2 NH3, Mg(NH2BH3)2⋅NH3, and Li(NH2BH3)2⋅NH3 (LiAB⋅NH3). Insight into the mechanisms of amidoborane ammoniate formation and dehydrogenation was obtained by using isotopic labeling techniques. Selective 15N and 2H labeling showed that the formation of the ammoniate occurs via the transfer of one H(N) from ammonia borane to the [NH2]− unit in Ca(NH2)2 giving rise to NH3 and [NH2BH3]−. Supported by theoretical calculations, it is suggested that the improved dehydrogenation properties of metal amidoborane ammoniates compared to metal amidoboranes are a result of the participation of a strong dihydrogen bond between the NH3 molecule and [NH2BH3]−. Our study elucidates the reaction pathway involved in the synthesis and dehydrogenation of Ca(NH2BH3)2⋅2 NH3, and clarifies our understanding of the role of NH3, that is, it is not only involved in stabilizing the structure, but also in improving the dehydrogenation properties of metal amidoboranes.
A multiobjective optimization tool for Very Large Scale Integrated nonslicing floorplanning
Authors: Anand S. , Saravanasankar S. , Subbaraj P. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTFloorplanning is a vital phase in the design process of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit physical design process. The main objective of floorplanning is to minimize the area and wire length with the fixed‐outline constraints. Most of the tools developed so for are using weighted some approach. Hence, these tools suffer from weights assignment and undesirable bias toward particular objective. A tailor‐made multiobjective optimization tool could overcome this issue.In this article, we propose a new multiobjective optimization technique named self adaptive B*tree coded Archived Multiobjective Simulated Annealing Algorithm (AMOSA) and implemented to solve the VLSI nonslicing floorplanning problem. The proposed model provides choices from among different trade‐off solutions. The self adaptive B*tree coded AMOSA combines the novel cooling schedule, B*tree encoding, improved neighborhood search procedure, self adaptive local search, and the AMOSA. In B*tree coded AMOSA, the solution is represented using a B*tree. This representation causes a reduction in time and space complexity of AMOSA. The B*tree coded AMOSA is further improved with a novel cooling schedule, a self adaptive local search mechanism, and an improved neighborhood search procedure, resulting in further reduction of computational time and improvement in exploration capability. The FastSA, B*tree coded AMOSA, and the self adaptive B*tree coded AMOSA are tested with Microelectronics Center of North Carolina (MCNC) benchmarks. The results are compared and validated. The proposed method shows 59.8% improvement in the computational time for ami49 without changing the system quality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Structure of Silver Amino‐Arenesulfonates
Authors: Busse Madleen , Andrews Philip C. , Junk Peter C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTreatment of a variety of zwitterionic amino‐arenesulfonic acids with silver oxide has resulted in the synthesis of seven new AgI amino‐arenesulfonates [Ag(O3SR)]∞ [R = o‐aminobenzyl (oAB) (1), m‐aminobenzyl (mAB) (2), 6‐amino‐3‐methoxybenzyl (6A3MB) (3), o‐aminonaphthyl (oAN) (4), 5‐aminonaphthyl (5AN) (5), 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxynaphthyl (4A3HN) (6) and 5‐isoquinolinyl (I) (7)]. This has allowed an exploration of their coordination chemistry, whereby we examine the impact of structural diversity in the anions: the position of the amino functionality on the arene moiety, inclusion of the N within a heterocycle and an increase in ring size from phenyl to naphthyl. The solid‐state structures of 1, 2 and two forms of 4, one with a coordinated water molecule, have been determined by X‐ray diffraction and are all polymeric. Analytical data is provided for two of the structurally known complexes: known silver p‐aminobenzenesulfonate 8 [Ag(O3SBAp)]∞ and AgI 2‐pyridinesulfonate [Ag(O3SP)]∞ (9). The composition of all nine complexes has been confirmed through NMR spectroscopy, MS‐ES+, FTIR and elemental analysis.
Effect of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer and epoxy injection on compressive strength of elevated temperature damaged concrete
Authors: Demirboğa Ramazan , Akif Kaygusuz Mehmet , Polat Rıza 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYGlass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials have received a great deal of interest among civil engineers during the past decade. This paper presents an overview of experimental studies carried out on GFRP‐wrapped and epoxy‐injected concrete samples exposed to elevated temperatures.For this purpose, 0.30, 0.35 and 0.40 water to binder (w/b) ratios were used. For each w/b ratio, normal aggregates were replaced by lightweight aggregates with a size fraction of 0–2 mm at three different volume fractions such as 10%, 20% and 30% of total aggregate volume. At the same time, a group of air‐entrained samples was also cast for each w/b ratios. Prepared samples were exposed to 600 °C for 3 h.The damaged samples were separately repaired by GFRP and epoxy injection.Before and after elevated temperature exposure, water absorption and compressive strength were tested. After repairing with GFRP and epoxy injection, only the compressive strength test was carried out. GFRP improved the compressive strength between 1–22% and 348–1403% for samples before and after being exposed to elevated temperatures, respectively. Epoxy injection increased the compressive strength of the samples, exposed to elevated temperature, between 1% and 123%. However, the epoxy injection process failed to recover the compressive strength of the samples before elevated temperature exposure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the fire resistance of timber members loaded in tension
Authors: Fragiacomo Massimo , Menis Agnese , Moss Peter J. , Clemente Isaia , Buchanan Andrew H. , De Nicolo Barbara 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThe paper presents a numerical model for predicting the fire resistance of timber members. Fire resistance is evaluated in a two‐step process implemented in the Abaqus finite element code: first, a time‐dependent thermal analysis of the member exposed to fire and then a structural analysis under a constant load are performed. The structural analysis considers the reduction in mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity and strength) of timber with temperature. The analysis terminates when the member can no longer redistribute stresses from the hottest to the coldest parts, leading to structural failure. The model was used to simulate fire tests carried out on specimens made from laminated veneer lumber loaded in tension. Experimental data in terms of temperature, charring depth, displacement and failure time were compared with the numerical results obtained by assuming the thermal properties and degradation of mechanical properties with temperature as suggested by Eurocode 5, showing an overall acceptable approximation. The fire resistance of the timber member was then predicted depending upon the applied tensile loads using the numerical model and analytical formulas. The proposed finite element model can be used to predict the fire resistance of timber structures as an alternative to expensive and complicated experimental tests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Value of narrow band imaging endoscopy in early mucosal head and neck cancer
Authors: Lin Yen–Chun , Wang Wen–Hung , Lee Kam–Fai , Tsai Wan–Chi , Weng Hsu–Huei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to show the investigated prevalence rate of brownish spots of early cancer under narrow band imaging (NBI) in different sites/types of the epithelium.MethodsIn all, 125 adults with early mucosal cancer underwent NBI examination. Four types of epithelium were categorized: keratinized thick stratified squamous (type 1), nonkeratinized thin (type 2a) or very thick (type 2b) stratified squamous, and pseudo‐stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (type 3).ResultsThe prevalence rate of brownish spots in early cancer of the nasopharynx, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and epiglottis were 11.1%, 15.9%, 21.4%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Type 2a epithelium (odds ratio [OR], 76.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.26–631.14) was a significant predictive factor for the brownish spots.ConclusionThe brownish spots have higher reliability for screening in early cancer of the mouth floor, hypopharynx, and epiglottis, but not in other mucosal sites. Mucosal sites with type 2a epithelium have a higher tendency of demonstrating brownish spots. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Anti‐proliferative effect of glucocorticoids on mesenchymal cells in juvenile angiofibromas
Authors: Wendler Olaf , Dlugaiczyk Julia , Birk Stephanie , Schick Bernhard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundGlucocorticoids (GCs) not only regulate metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms, but also are known to suppress tumor growth. Despite previous detection of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in juvenile angiofibromas, their distribution and function have not further been studied.MethodsJuvenile angiofibroma tissue (n = 30), nasal mucosa specimens (n = 10), subepithelial stroma of nasal mucosa (n = 20), and primary fibroblasts from juvenile angiofibroma (n = 6) and nasal mucosa samples (n = 6) were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunofluorescence staining. The antiproliferative effect of GCs (dexamethasone, prednisolone, and hydrocortisone) in vitro was assessed using a bromdeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay.ResultsAn upregulation of GR transcripts and protein was shown in juvenile angiofibroma tissue and primary mesenchymal cells compared to nasal mucosa. Application of GCs resulted in a significantly higher antiproliferative effect on juvenile angiofibroma versus nasal mucosa fibroblasts in vitro.ConclusionExpression of GRs and antiproliferative effects of GCs on juvenile angiofibroma fibroblasts offer novel options for the treatment of this unique fibrovascular tumor. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012