bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COULD YOU TAKE A PICTURE OF MY BOAT, PLEASE? THE USE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MEDITERRANEAN SHIP REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: LÓPEZ‐BERTRAN MIREIA , GARCIA‐VENTURA AGNÈS , KRUEGER MICHAŁ 
Published: September 2010

SummaryRepresentations of ships, sailors and seafarers are common in many ancient societies. They were carved, drawn or painted on a great variety of raw materials – stone, wood, metal, textiles and pottery – and can be found in settings such as caves, tombs or royal palaces. Their presence at these sites raises the possibility that these images of maritime life have symbolic or ritual connotations.This paper presents examples of representations of Phoenician and Punic ships from the first millennium BC, in an attempt to understand the role of both their creators and their audiences. These images are subsequently analysed in more detail, focusing on their technical features and their historical contexts. This paper concludes with a consideration of the social and religious aspects of ancient Mediterranean navigation.
GREEN THESSALIAN STONE: THE BYZANTINE QUARRIES AND THE USE OF A UNIQUE ARCHITECTURAL MATERIAL FROM THE LARISA AREA, GREECE. PETROGRAPHIC AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: MELFOS VASILIOS 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe quarries of ‘green Thessalian stone’ provide important information about the use of materials and the application of technology in late antiquity. This stone was used for decorative purposes in Imperial Rome and especially in Byzantium. Sarcophagi, column shafts, facing slabs, tubs, ambones, iconostaseis and baptismal fonts are still found in places stretching from Syria to Britain and from Tunisia to Germany, as well as Rome, Constantinople and Thessaloniki. There are two important areas of quarrying at the Chasanbali Hill in the Larisa area of central Greece. At the southern site, quarrying operations took place mainly in late Roman times, whereas the northern quarrying zone provided mostly raw materials for making pillars and other architectural pieces during the Byzantine period. Green Thessalian stone is composed of an ophicalcite, a mosaic of green serpentinite and white marble fragments. Mineralogically, the Larisa ophicalcite consists largely of serpentine, calcite, magnetite, haematite and chromite. Chemical analyses reveal a high quantity of CaO (26.39 to 31.00 wt%), while Cr varies between 940 and 1430 ppm. C and O isotopic compositions of the marble inclusions show δ13C values ranging from +3.12 to +3.31 ‰ and δ18O values from −12.98 to −13.11 ‰.
Product Market Competition and Shareholder Rights: International Evidence
Authors: Knyazeva Anzhela , Knyazeva Diana 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the interaction between product market competition and international differences in shareholder rights in relation to firm performance and corporate policies. In contrast to existing literature, we provide evidence of complementarities between product market competition and country shareholder rights protections. The benefits of shareholder rights protections for firm performance are conditional on the presence of a competitive industry environment. We find that stronger shareholder rights protections are associated with better firm performance in competitive industries. However, this relation is not significant in concentrated industries. Consistent results are obtained from the analysis of key corporate policies.
Transformationsraum Fotografie: Berlin‐Hellersdorf am Übergang von DDR Zu BRD
Authors: Bräunert Svea 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBuilt between 1979 and 1991, the housing complex Berlin‐Hellersdorf was one of the last and most ambitious construction projects of the GDR. Located at the interstice between East and West Germany, Hellersdorf can thus be seen as a space conducive to thinking about the 1990s post‐socialist transformations. The 1998 interdisciplinary project Peripherie als Ort. Das Hellersdorf Projekt picks up on this idea. Focusing on the works of Ulrich Wüst and Helga Paris, who have contributed to the Hellersdorf Project, the following essay analyses the role photography and architecture play as indices of socio‐political and spatial transitions. Entering into a dialogue with photography, East German prefab housing, commonly referred to as ‘Platte’, becomes a mnemonic space whose parallactic perspectives are materially bound to the past without denying the changing present. As such, Hellersdorf presents itself as a complex space outside Berlin's city centre that invites reflections about the transformations that have taken place since German unification.Die zwischen 1979 und 1991 errichtete Großsiedlung Berlin‐Hellersdorf war eines der letzten und ehrgeizigsten Wohnungsbauprojekte der DDR. Solcherart am direkten Übergang von DDR zu BRD lokalisiert, kann Hellersdorf als Denkraum verstanden werden, anhand dessen sich die postsozialistischen Transformationsprozesse der 1990er‐Jahre exemplarisch nachvollziehen und problematisieren lassen. An diesen Gedanken anknüpfend, entstand 1998 das interdisziplinäre Vorhaben Peripherie als Ort. Das Hellersdorf Projekt, an dem sich unter anderem die Fotograf/innen Ulrich Wüst und Helga Paris beteiligten. Von ihren Arbeiten ausgehend, untersucht der vorliegende Essay die Bedeutung von Fotografie und Architektur als Indizes des Übergangs. Im Dialog mit der Fotografie wird der Plattenbau zum parallaktischen Erinnerungsraum, der in einer materiellen Verbindung mit der Vergangenheit steht, ohne jedoch die Veränderungen der Gegenwart leugnen zu können. Damit bietet Hellersdorf einen komplexen Raum abseits des Berliner Zentrums, der zum Nachdenken über die Transformationsprozesse seit der deutschen Vereinigung einlädt.
The Ghosts of Lenin, Thälmann and Marx in the Post‐Socialist Cityscape
Authors: Saunders Anna 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTMonumental statues of socialist martyrs and the ideological fathers of communism marked many GDR cityscapes as unequivocally socialist. Such monuments were carefully designed to occupy symbolic and ritual space at the heart of urban centres, and were intended to serve as the location of political demonstrations and ceremonies – yet in reality became little more than empty ritual symbols. After the fall of the Wall, these structures rapidly lost their intended political and symbolic functions, yet as ‘unintended’ monuments they adopted a new symbolic potency, standing not only as historic documents, but also as potent sites of memory.This article examines the discussions and decision‐making processes behind three such monuments: the Lenin‐Denkmal (Friedrichshain, Berlin), removed in 1991, the Ernst‐Thälmann‐Denkmal (Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin), which remains standing, and the Karl‐Marx‐Relief (Leipzig), now reinstated in a less prominent location. All three cases display a high level of interaction between residents, political parties and the local authorities, who employ language and imagery symbolic of the demonstrations of 1989, and call on the past to legitimise the present. It is only now that the monuments are serving their originally intended purpose – albeit temporarily – as sites of emotional and political engagement with the past.Monumentale Denkmäler von sozialistischen Märtyrern und den ideologischen Vätern des Kommunismus markierten DDR‐Stadtlandschaften als sozialistisch schlechthin. Solche Denkmäler wurden sorgfältig entworfen, um symbolischen und rituellen Raum in Stadtzentren zu schaffen, und sollten als Orte politischer Demonstrationen und Feierstunden dienen – in Wirklichkeit wurden sie aber leere Symbole des Rituals. Nach dem Fall der Mauer verloren diese Monumente rasch ihre gewollten politischen und symbolischen Funktionen, aber als ‘ungewollte’ Denkmäler übernahmen sie eine neue symbolische Bedeutung und wurden nicht nur zu historischen Dokumenten, sondern auch zu potenten Erinnerungsorten.Dieser Artikel untersucht die Diskussionen und Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse hinter drei solchen Denkmälern: Dem Lenin‐Denkmal (Friedrichshain, Berlin), das 1991 abgerissen wurde, dem Ernst‐Thälmann‐Denkmal (Prezlauer Berg, Berlin), das noch steht, und dem Karl‐Marx‐Relief (Leipzig), das am Rande der Stadt wieder aufgebaut wurde. Diese drei Beispiele zeugen von einem wichtigen Zusammenspiel zwischen Einwohnern, politischen Parteien und Bezirksregierungen, die alle die Vergangenheit hervorrufen, um die Gegenwart zu legitimieren, sowie eine Sprache und Symbolik anwenden, die die Demonstrationen vom Herbst 1989 wachrufen. Erst jetzt erfüllen diese Denkmäler somit ihren ursprünglichen Zweck – obgleich vorübergehend – als Orte, die ein emotional und politisch bestimmtes Geschichtsbewusstsein erzeugen.
The Topography of the Self in Christa Wolf's Der geteilte Himmel
Authors: Rechtien Renate 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis article examines Christa Wolf's highly allegorised novel Der geteilte Himmel (1963) from the perspective of topography. It identifies the extent to which the East German cityscape, and in particular the divided city of Berlin, is constructed as a place that is heavily invested with a desire for the stabilisation of the socialist project alongside utopian longing for ‘arrival’ in socialism. At the same time, however, spatial relations such as the negotiation of the private in relation to the public domain, a topography that revolves around borders and boundaries (physical as well as metaphorical and psychic), and images whose intended function in the novel is to associate socialism with the forces of modernity and progress, ultimately tell a more complex story. They point to deeper tensions in the author that ultimately threaten to destabilise the surface narrative of the text.Dieser Artikel unterzieht Christa Wolfs Der geteilte Himmel (1963) einer topographischen Analyse, welche die Konstruktion der Stadtlandschaft im Sozialismus, vor allem aber die der Stadt Berlin zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Teilung in diesem ausgesprochen allegorisch codierten Text untersucht. Dabei wird die Stadt als ein Ort entworfen, der einerseits stark mit der sozialistischen Utopie sowie mit dem Verlangen, den Aufbau des Sozialismus in der DDR zu stabilisieren, verknüpft ist. Gleichzeitig verweist er darauf, dass räumliche Anordnungen, die das Verhandeln von Grenzen zwischen dem öffentlichen und dem privaten Leben betreffen, sowie geographische als auch metaphorische Landschaften des Textes, die durch Grenzen und Grenzziehungen charakterisiert sind, und schließlich Motive, deren eigentliche Funktion es ist, den Sozialismus mit den Kräften der Moderne und des Fortschritts zu assoziieren, eine komplexere Geschichte erzählen. Letztendlich, so wird behauptet, kommen schon in diesem frühen Text der Autorin tiefere Spannungen zum Tragen, die den auf der Oberfläche liegenden Text untergraben und zu destabilisieren drohen.
Space, Time and Power: The Chronotopes of Uwe Tellkamp's Der Turm
Authors: Clarke David 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis article examines the evocation of Dresden in the 1980s in Uwe Tellkamp's bestselling novel Der Turm (2008). The article highlights how Bakhtin's notion of ‘chronotopes’ can illuminate the spatial politics of the city as imagined by Tellkamp and the critique of its ‘Bildungsbürgertum’ formulated in his novel. Whereas the inhabitants of the ‘Turmviertel’ portrayed in the text attempt to create a space rooted in cultural nostalgia as a refuge from the influence of the state, Tellkamp demonstrates how this strategy is founded on a misconception of the nature of state power in the GDR. This power can be understood with reference to Giorgio Agamben as the power to reduce the citizen to a state of ‘bare life’.Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Darstellung des Dresden der 1980er Jahre in Uwe Tellkamps Erfolgsroman Der Turm (2008). Der Beitrag bezieht sich auf die Bachtinische Vorstellung von ‘Chronotopen’, um die Politik des Raums in der Stadt, wie sie von Tellkamp entworfen wird, sowie die Kritik des Romans am Bildungsbürgertum der Stadt zu erklären. Obwohl die Einwohner und Einwohnerinnen des ‘Turmviertels’ im Text einen alternativen Raum zu entwerfen versuchen, der von einer kulturellen Nostalgie lebt und der dem Einfluss des Staates widerstehen soll, zeigt Tellkamp wie dieser Versuch auf ein falsches Bild der Machtverhältnisse zurückgeht. Mit Giorgio Agamben kann man sagen, dass hier die Staatsmacht auf der Macht gründet, den Bürger bzw. die Bürgerin auf ‘nacktes Leben’ zu reduzieren.
Tenement City: The Emergence of Multi‐storey Districts Through Large‐scale Private Landlordism in Nairobi
Authors: HUCHZERMEYER MARIE 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLarge‐scale private landlordism dominates low‐income housing provision in Nairobi, with extreme residential densities in districts where rooming tenements reach seven floors above ground. This trend differs from the small‐scale private landlordism, predominantly with owner occupation, which has been documented for the developing world. Nairobi's large‐scale multi‐storey private rental has remained unmentioned in housing and tenure literature on the developing world. The terms ‘tenement’ and ‘tenement city’ are largely associated with nineteenth and early twentieth century rental investment in Europe and the US when cities were shaped by the profit‐making interests of landlords. In this article, two case studies of tenement areas in Nairobi, low‐income Huruma and middle‐income Umoja Inner Core, are analysed in terms of the evolution of the tenement investment and current residential densities. The ongoing, mostly unauthorized construction of tenements suggests that Nairobi could be termed a tenement city, a reality that is not currently addressed by the urban discourse.Résumé A Nairobi, la propriété privée à grande échelle domine l'offre de logements à faible loyer, avec des densités résidentielles extrêmes dans des quartiers où les immeubles de rapport proposant des chambres s'élèvent sur sept étages. Cette tendance se distingue de la propriété privée à petite échelle, occupée essentiellement par le propriétaire, décrite pour les pays en développement. La location à grande échelle dans les immeubles privés à plusieurs étages de Nairobi n'a jamais été abordée dans les travaux sur le logement ou ses modes d'occupation dans les pays en développement. ‘Immeuble de rapport’ et ‘cité ouvrière’ sont des expressions associées d'abord aux investissements pratiqués dans le logement locatif au XIXe et au début du XXe siècle, en Europe et aux Etats‐Unis, lorsque l'urbanisme était dicté par les intérêts mercantiles des propriétaires. Cet article présente deux études de cas de quartiers locatifs de Nairobi, l'un à faible revenu (Huruma), l'autre à revenu moyen (Umoja Inner Core). L'analyse s'appuie sur l'évolution de l'investissement dans les immeubles de rapport et sur les densités résidentielles courantes. Compte tenu de la construction actuelle — sauvage le plus souvent — d'immeubles de rapport, Nairobi pourrait être qualifiée de cité ouvrière, une réalité ignorée pour le moment par les débats urbains.
Re‐urbanizing London Docklands: Gentrification, Suburbanization or New Urbanism?
Authors: BUTLER TIM 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article is based on a study of Docklands in London, which was undertaken as part of a larger study of gentrification in inner London. Using interview and survey data, the article compares Docklands with the gentrification that has taken place elsewhere in inner London. Whilst there were important differences between these inner‐London study areas, all differ qualitatively from the process in Docklands. The article questions whether the distinction that is normally drawn between ‘gentrification by capital’ and ‘gentrification by collective social action’ is appropriate and argues that this disguises the nature of the urban regeneration being undertaken in Docklands. It is suggested that this is more a process of re‐urbanization in which some of the characteristics normally associated with suburban development are being brought to an area near the centre of the city, but in a context more normally reserved for gentrification. The data from the survey show that for many of the respondents in Docklands, the kind of life they are seeking is often associated with some conceptions of suburban life. It is suggested that both gentrification and suburbanization as concepts need to be used with care in understanding contemporary processes of re‐urbanization such as are occurring in Docklands and the central areas of other British cities.Résumé Cet article s'appuie sur une étude du quartier des Docks de Londres, menée dans le cadre de travaux plus vastes relatifs à l'embourgeoisement du centre londonien. Des données provenant d'entretiens et d'enquêtes permettent une comparaison entre cette zone et d'autres quartiers centraux ayant connu un embourgeoisement. S'il existe d'importantes différences entre ces quartiers du centre‐ville, tous divergent au plan qualitatif du processus des Docks. En s'interrogeant sur la pertinence de la distinction entre ‘embourgeoisement par le capital’ et ‘embourgeoisement par l'action sociale collective’, l'article avance que cette vision dissimule la nature de la régénération urbaine entreprise dans le quartier des Docks. Il s'agit davantage d'un processus de ré‐urbanisation dans lequel des caractéristiques associées habituellement à l'aménagement des banlieues sont apportées dans une zone située près du centre‐ville, bien que dans un contexte plus normalement réservéà l'embourgeoisement. Les résultats d'enquête montrent que, pour bon nombre des personnes interrogées, le genre de vie recherché dans le quartier des Docks se rapproche de certaines conceptions de la vie suburbaine. Il convient donc d'utiliser avec prudence les concepts d'embourgeoisement et de suburbanisation si l'on veut comprendre les processus contemporains de ré‐urbanisation, tels que ceux qui ont lieu dans le quartier des Docks et dans le centre d'autres grandes villes britanniques.
Labour Geography: A Work in Progress
Authors: CASTREE NOEL 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis short essay takes stock of where the field of ‘labour geography’ has got to and where it might productively go. The first part identifies labour geography's signature characteristics as they have emerged over the last 15–20 years. These are its insistence that geography is constitutive of employment issues, its emphasis on worker agency, its analytical promiscuousness, its acute awareness of power and inequality, and its Left sensibility politically speaking. The second part of the essay is programmatic and looks to the future. It is argued that labour geographers ought to more carefully conceptualize and study worker agency; to connect labour migration more organically with existing research on place‐based workers; to develop a more substantive understanding of how states regulate employment and workers’ lives; to look to synthesize different geographical dimensions of worker existence and strategy; to aim to examine working peoples’ lives holistically; and to be more explicit about the normative basis of their ‘pro‐labour’ stance and its implications for worker strategy.Résumé Ce texte court examine ce qui a été réalisé dans le domaine de la ‘géographie du travail’ et les orientations fructueuses qui pourraient être suivies. La première partie détermine les traits identitaires de la géographie du travail qui ont vu le jour au cours des 15 à 20 dernières années: son insistance pour que la géographie soit partie prenante dans les questions d'emploi, son accent sur l'agence des travailleurs, sa promiscuité analytique, sa conscience aiguë du pouvoir et de l'inégalité, et sa sensibilité de gauche au plan politique. La seconde partie, programmatique, s'intéresse à l'avenir et à ce que les géographes du travail devraient faire: conceptualiser et étudier l'agence des travailleurs avec davantage de rigueur; relier de façon plus organique la migration du travail et les recherches existantes sur la main‐d'œuvre locale; offrir une compréhension concrète de la manière dont les Etats régulent l'emploi et la vie des actifs; veiller à synthétiser les différentes dimensions géographiques dans l'existence et la stratégie des salariés; chercher à analyser globalement la vie des populations actives; être plus explicite sur le fond normatif de leur attitude ‘pro‐travail’ et sur ses implications pour la stratégie des salariés.
Eine Gabe an St. Nimmerlein? - Zur zeitlichen Dimension der Schuldenbremse
Authors: Heinemann Friedrich 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effectiveness of the tax and transfer systems in the European Union and the US to act as an automatic stabilizer in the current economic crisis. We consider two scenarios: a proportional income shock and a shock on employment which increases the rate of unemployment.We find that automatic stabilizers absorb 38 per cent of a proportional income shock in the EU, compared to 32 per cent in the US. In the case of an unemployment shock 48 per cent of the shock is absorbed in the EU, compared to 34 per cent in the US. Under the assumption that only credit constrained households adjust current spending on consumption goods to current disposable income, the cushioning of disposable income leads to a demand stabilization of 26 to 35 per cent in the EU and 19 per cent in the US. There is large heterogeneity within the EU. Automatic stabilizers in Eastern and Southern Europe are much lower than in Central and Northern European countries. With respect to income stabilization, Germany is above the European average for both scenarios. Demand stabilization in Germany is weaker because the number of liquidity constrained households is below the EU average.
Föderalismusreform II: Zur Frage des Controlling der Konsolidierungshilfen
Authors: Ragnitz Joachim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn 2009, German federal fiscal relationships were reorganized in order to introduce binding rules for a reduction of public deficits. One element of this reform are so called “consolidation transfers” for heavily indebted states as an measure to reduce debt. In turn, receiving states have to run a strict consolidation strategy in the years to come, that is a reduction of public expenditure. It is shown that these bail-out rules will only help if the accompanying regulations will be enforced in a restrictive matter; however. There are risks that this will not be pursued in a proper way.
Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten in Entscheidungsprozessen über föderale Finanzbeziehungen oder: Die ewig Unvollendete
Authors: Renzsch Wolfgang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe system of intergovernmental fiscal relations in the Federal Republic of Germany has been always extremely difficult to regulate. The Parliamentary Council of 1948/49 left this task unfinished, and the first fiscal reform of 1955 was only partly successful. The 1969 reform seemed to be more successful, but it became clear quite soon that intensified interlocking politics created new problems for the decision-making process. Also, it created incentives to finance public policies by debts. The financing of German unity was based on the 1969 regulations. In recent years the overburdening of the existing rules became obvious. Growing problems caused a shift of paradigm in the direction of less interlocking politics and financing.