bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole Genome Linkage and Association Analyses Identify DLG Associated Protein-1 as a Novel Positional and Biological Candidate Gene for Muscle Strength: The Long Life Family Study
Authors: Santanasto Adam J , Acharya Sandeep , Wojczynski Mary K , Cvejkus Ryan K , Lin Shiow , Brent Michael R , Anema Jason A , Wang Lihua , Thyagarajan Bharat , Christensen Kaare , Daw E Warwick , Zmuda Joseph M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Grip strength is a robust indicator of overall health, is moderately heritable, and predicts longevity in older adults.

Methods
Using genome-wide linkage analysis, we identified a novel locus on chromosome 18p (mega-basepair region: 3.4–4.0) linked to grip strength in 3 755 individuals from 582 families aged 64 ± 12 years (range 30–110 years; 55% women). There were 26 families that contributed to the linkage peak (cumulative logarithm of the odds [LOD] score = 10.94), with 6 families (119 individuals) accounting for most of the linkage signal (LOD = 6.4). In these 6 families, using whole genome sequencing data, we performed association analyses between the 7 312 single nucleotide (SNVs) and insertion deletion (INDELs) variants in the linkage region and grip strength. Models were adjusted for age, age2, sex, height, field center, and population substructure.

Results
We found significant associations between genetic variants (8 SNVs and 4 INDELs, p &lt; 5 × 10−5) in the Disks Large-associated Protein 1 (DLGAP1) gene and grip strength. Haplotypes constructed using these variants explained up to 98.1% of the LOD score. Finally, RNAseq data showed that these variants were significantly associated with the expression of nearby Myosin Light Chain 12A (MYL12A), Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes Flexible Hinge Domain Containing 1 (SMCHD1), Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.1 Like 3 (EPB41L3) genes (p &lt; .0004).

Conclusions
The DLGAP1 gene plays an important role in the postsynaptic density of neurons; thus, it is both a novel positional and biological candidate gene for follow-up studies aimed at uncovering genetic determinants of muscle strength.
Victim Agency, Relational Autonomy and Transitional Justice: Experience of Saturday Mothers
Authors: Daşlı Güneş 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT∞
This article explores the political agency of victims and proposes a new concept for understanding complex political victims in violent political contexts. To do so, it first challenges the problematic dichotomy of victim-perpetrator identities in transitional justice, drawing on interdisciplinary studies of agency, victim mobilization and the phenomenon of enforced disappearance. I (re)conceptualize victims’ agency by applying the concept of ‘relational autonomy’ which considers the role of social relations in the agency-building process and highlights relational values that are under-appreciated in the liberal concept of agency. I examine the case of the Saturday Mothers, a victim movement in Turkey, to show how their agency has been re-established through their interaction within this social network, and how this shapes the sense of justice they imagine and practice in this social space.
Life history changes associated with over 400 generations of artificial selection on body size in Drosophila
Authors: Stewart Andrew D , Herrick Calvin M , Fitzgibbon Trevor R , Wehner James M , Lev Avigayil , Venti Patricia A , Pischedda Alison 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Body size is a trait that shapes many aspects of a species’ development and evolution. Larger body size is often beneficial in animals, but it can also be associated with life history costs in natural systems. Similarly, miniaturization, the evolution of extremely small adult body size, is found in every major animal group, yet carries its own life history trade-offs. Given that these effects can depend on an animal’s environment and life stage and have mainly been studied in species that are already specialized for their size, the life history changes associated with evolutionary shifts in body size warrant additional investigation. Here, we used Drosophila melanogaster populations that had undergone over 400 generations of artificial selection on body size to investigate the changes in life history traits associated with the evolution of extremely large and extremely small body sizes. Populations selected for small body size experienced strong trade-offs in multiple life history traits, including reduced female fecundity and lower juvenile viability. Although we found positively correlated changes in egg size associated with selection for both large and small body size, after adjusting for female body size, females from populations selected for large size had the lowest relative investment per egg and females from populations selected for small size had the highest relative investment per egg. Taken together, our results suggest that egg size may be a key constraint on the evolution of body size in D. melanogaster, providing insight into the broader phenomenon of body size evolution in insects.
Exponential tilting for zero-inflated interval regression with applications to cyber security survey data
Authors: Roner Cristian , Di Caterina Claudia , Ferrari Davide 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Non-negative ordered survey data often exhibit an unusually high frequency of zeros in the first interval. Zero-inflated interval regression models handle the excess of zeros by combining a split probit model and an ordered probit model. In the presence of data violating distributional assumptions, standard inference based on the maximum likelihood method gives biased estimates with large standard errors. In this paper, we consider robust inference based on the exponential tilting methodology for the zero-inflated interval regression model. The application considers data on cyber security to study the relationship between investments in cyber defences and losses from cyber breaches. Robust estimates obtained via tilting clearly show an effect of the investments in reducing the loss amount.
Selenium in soil enhances resistance of oilseed rape to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by optimizing the plant microbiome
Authors: Han Chuang , Cheng Qin , Du Xiaoping , Liang Lianming , Fan Guocheng , Xie Jiatao , Wang Xu , Tang Yanni , Zhang Huan , Hu Chengxiao , Zhao Xiaohu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Plants can recruit beneficial microbes to enhance their ability to resist disease. It is well established that selenium is beneficial in plant growth, but its role in mediating microbial disease resistance remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the correlation between selenium, oilseed rape rhizosphere microbes, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Soil application of 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg–1 selenium [selenate Na2SeO4, Se(VI) or selenite Na2SeO3, Se(IV)] significantly increased the resistance of oilseed rape to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum compared with no selenium application, with a disease inhibition rate higher than 20% in Se(VI)0.5, Se(IV)0.5 and Se(IV)1.0 mg kg–1 treatments. The disease resistance of oilseed rape was related to the presence of rhizosphere microorganisms and beneficial bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere inhibited Sclerotinia stem rot. Burkholderia cepacia and the synthetic community consisting of Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, Burkholderia cepacia, and Flavobacterium anhui enhanced plant disease resistance through transcriptional regulation and activation of plant-induced systemic resistance. In addition, inoculation of isolated bacteria optimized the bacterial community structure of leaves and enriched beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas. Bacillus isolated from the leaves were sprayed on detached leaves, and it also performed a significant inhibition effect on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Overall, our results indicate that selenium improves plant rhizosphere microorganisms and increase resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in oilseed rape.
As Good as Comedy Gold: Tracing Jewish Heritage and Humor in the Works of Joseph Heller
Authors: Ozias Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Catch-22 (1961) was both the best and worst thing to happen to Joseph Heller. While it set the stage for a promising career, it also cast a shadow from which Heller’s works struggled to escape. In terms of both popularity and critical reception, Heller’s subsequent novels were largely unsuccessful. For the rest of his career, Heller would struggle with two sometimes competing issues that either emanate from his writing or are wholly absent, marking a balancing act that Heller never mastered and, truthfully, never wished to. I explore two of these facets of Heller’s career that led to its downfall: his challenges with being pigeonholed as a comedic writer and his insecurities about expressing Jewishness in his work. Both of these issues were due mostly to the expectations of his critics and his audience. Heller’s struggle to clarify his ideals among his audience’s expectations (and his critics’) meant that he was constantly working against them despite his need for their support. This reading offers an intervention into the way we understand Heller’s decision to break free of his readers’ expectations, whether about his comedic style or Jewish ideals, and seeks to explain his choices in subject matter as his career progressed.
Filling the gaps in icosahedral superatomic metal clusters
Authors: He Wei-Miao , Hu Jia-Hua , Cui Yu-Jia , Li Jing , Si Yu-Bing , Wang Shuai-Bo , Zhao Yu-Jing , Zhou Zhan , Ma Lu-Fang , Zang Shuang-Quan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Chemically modified superatoms have emerged as promising candidates in the new periodic table, in which Au13 and its doped MnAu13−n have been widely studied. However, their important counterpart, Ag13 artificial element, has not yet been synthesized. In this work, we report the synthesis of Ag13 nanoclusters using strong chelating ability and rigid ligands, that fills the gaps in the icosahedral superatomic metal clusters. After further doping Ag13 template with different degrees of Au atoms, we gained insight into the evolution of their optical properties. Theoretical calculations show that the kernel metal doping can modulate the transition of the excited-state electronic structure, and the electron transfer process changes from local excitation (LE) to charge transfer (CT) to LE. This study not only enriches the families of artificial superatoms, but also contributes to the understanding of the electronic states of superatomic clusters.
Silicosis initially presenting with empyema
Authors: Reynolds C , Ross C , Cullinan P , Blanc P 
Published: May 2024

Summary
The current global outbreak of artificial stone silicosis is a recrudescence of a major occupational disease in the context of a novel exposure source. Respirable crystalline silica exposure, even without frank pneumoconiosis, is associated with an increased risk of respiratory infection. Empyema is a well-recognized complication of bacterial pneumonia; pneumonia among working-age adults, in turn, has been epidemiologically linked to occupational exposure to fumes and dust, including silica. A connection between empyema and silica dust inhalation has not been reported, however, whether through antecedent pneumonia or another mechanism. We describe a case of silicosis initially presenting with empyema in a 31-year-old Computerized Numerical Control stone-cutting machine operator who had heavy exposure to artificial stone and other rock dust.
A deep analysis for New Horizons’ KBO search images
Authors: Yoshida Fumi , Yanagisawa Toshifumi , Ito Takashi , Kurosaki Hirohisa , Yoshikawa Makoto , Kamiya Kohki , Jiang Ji-an , Stern Alan , Fraser Wesley C , Benecchi Susan D , Verbiscer Anne J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Observation datasets acquired by the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the Subaru Telescope for NASA’s New Horizons mission target search were analyzed through a method devised by JAXA. The method makes use of Field Programmable Gate arrays and was originally used to detect fast-moving objects such as space debris or near-Earth asteroids. Here we present an application of the method to detect slow-moving Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) in the New Horizons target search observations. A cadence that takes continuous images of one HSC field of view for half a night fits the method well. The observations for the New Horizons Kuiper Belt Extended Mission (NH/KEM) using HSC began in 2020 May, and are ongoing. Here we show our result of the analysis of the dataset acquired from 2020 May through 2021 June that have already passed the proprietary period and are open to the public. We detected 84 KBO candidates in the 2020 June and 2021 June datasets, when the observation field was close to opposition.
Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly and Characterization of Top-Quality Japanese Green Tea Cultivar ‘Seimei’
Authors: Kawahara Yoshihiro , Tanaka Junichi , Takayama Kazuhiro , Wako Toshiyuki , Ogino Akiko , Yamashita Shuya , Taniguchi Fumiya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Japanese green tea, an essential beverage in Japanese culture, is characterized by the initial steaming of freshly harvested leaves during production. This process efficiently inactivates endogenous enzymes such as polyphenol oxidases, resulting in the production of sencha, gyokuro and matcha that preserves the vibrant green color of young leaves. Although genome sequences of several tea cultivars and germplasms have been published, no reference genome sequences are available for Japanese green tea cultivars. Here, we constructed a reference genome sequence of the cultivar ‘Seimei’, which is used to produce high-quality Japanese green tea. Using the PacBio HiFi and Hi-C technologies for chromosome-scale genome assembly, we obtained 15 chromosome sequences with a total genome size of 3.1 Gb and an N50 of 214.9 Mb. By analyzing the genomic diversity of 23 Japanese tea cultivars and lines, including the leading green tea cultivars ‘Yabukita’ and ‘Saemidori’, it was revealed that several candidate genes could be related to the characteristics of Japanese green tea. The reference genome of ‘Seimei’ and information on genomic diversity of Japanese green tea cultivars should provide crucial information for effective breeding of such cultivars in the future.
Children’s perceptions and feelings about the police: A comparative study between Roma and non-Roma children
Authors: Kypraiou Elpida  , Bonoti Fotini , Magos Konstantinos , Dermitzaki Irini 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The study aims to add to our understanding of children’s perceptions and feelings for the police. 85 Roma and 85 non Roma children aged 7-12 years, living in a prefecture in Greece, matched in age, gender and school class, via individual interviews, were asked to describe the concept of the police and express their feelings for police officers. The results revealed that Roma children focus on the punitive role of the police and on negative feelings, which are related to direct and vicarious encounters with the police. In contrast, non-Roma children referred more to the protective role of the police and denoted positive feelings. Implications for police officers, educators and social services are discussed.
High prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in a surgical aortic valve replacement cohort: an observational study
Authors: Oldham Mark A , Pigeon Wilfred R , Yurcheshen Michael , Hisamoto Kazuhiro , Knight Peter A , Lee Hochang B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
A high prevalence of sleep apnea has been reported among transcatheter aortic valve replacement (AVR) patients; however, the prevalence of sleep apnea in the younger and relatively healthier population of surgical AVR (SAVR) patients is unknown.

Methods
We assessed the prevalence of sleep apnea and overall sleep quality in patients having SAVR. Participants aged 50–89 were eligible for recruitment. All participants completed type II HST before SAVR. Sleep apnea was defined as an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 events/hour. The current use of positive airway pressure was exclusionary.

Results
The 46 participants (32 males/14 females) had a mean age of 66.6 years, body mass index of 30, AHI of 23.5, and obstructive AHI of 22.0. Only four participants had a prior sleep apnea diagnosis, yet all but one had sleep apnea on type II sleep testing. Two-thirds of sleep apnea was moderate or severe (AHI ≥ 15). A quarter of respiratory events were defined by arousals without desaturations. Whereas most sleep parameters resembled those of similarly aged community cohorts, mean percentage of N3 was reduced, accounting for only 3.8% of total sleep time.

Conclusions
Type II home sleep testing (HST) revealed a 97.8% prevalence of sleep apnea in this sample, most of which was undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea. Roughly two-thirds of sleep apnea was moderate or severe. Such a high impact of obstructive sleep apnea among patients with severe aortic valve disease deserves further investigation on potential underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.
Promoting Longitudinal and Developmental Computer-Based Assessments of Clinical Reasoning: Validity Evidence for a Clinical Reasoning Mapping Exercise
Authors: Torre Dario M. , Mamede Silvia , Bernardes Teresa , Castiglioni Analia , Hernandez Caridad , Park Yoon Soo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Clinical reasoning is vitally important for practitioners across the health professions. However, the assessment of clinical reasoning remains a significant challenge. Combined with other assessment methods, non–workplace-based assessment can increase opportunities to address multiple components of clinical reasoning, evaluate growth, and foster learning, but tools with validity evidence to assess clinical reasoning outside the workplace are scare. This study examined validity evidence for a novel clinical reasoning mapping exercise (CResME).

Method
Data include CResME performance scores from 120 third-year medical students at the University of Central Florida for 3 topics in May 2022. Each CResME was scored by 2 physician raters based on a scoring rubric that included a combined diagnosis and sequence score. Descriptive statistics were used to examine trends in scores. The authors gathered validity evidence for response process, internal structure, and relations to other variables.

Results
The overall mean (SD) score across cases was 66 (29). Internal consistency reliability of cases (Cronbach α) ranged from 0.75 to 0.91. The Phi and G coefficients were 0.45 and 0.56, respectively. Students accounted for 10% of the total variance, indicating the ability to differentiate high and low clinical reasoning skills; the interaction between learner and case accounted for 8.1% of the variance, demonstrating case specificity. There was a moderate correlation between the overall CResME scores and the mean overall score of patient encounter notes from an objective structured clinical examination performed at the end of the third year (0.46; P = .001). Significant associations were also found between the CResME scores and subject exam scores.

Conclusions
The CResME can be used to facilitate the assessment of clinical reasoning, supporting the developmental progress of learners throughout the curriculum. Future research is needed to gather validity evidence for CResMEs with different learners across different settings and formats.
The Potential of Real-Time Behavior and Well-Being Assessments to Improve Medical Student Wellness
Authors: Milne Ankrish , Novelli Alexandra , Watson Carly , Yousef Hakeem , Holterman Leigh Ann , Rosen Lee , Bai Yang , Curl Azilee , Gengel Bailey , Hudziak James J. , Copeland William E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Problem
Medical students experience psychological distress more frequently than age-matched peers. Tracking medical student well-being has typically been limited to once- or twice-per-year questionnaires. Ongoing, real-time assessment of student behavior and well-being could facilitate individualized, timely interventions.

Approach
Faculty at the University of Vermont, in conjunction with the Larner College of Medicine Office of Medical Education, developed a novel smartphone app in 2021 called WE MD to track and support medical student wellness. The app included the following features: (1) nightly surveys assessing wellness-related behaviors (e.g., social interaction, sleep, exercise) and outcomes (i.e., mood, focus, stress, overall well-being); (2) health reports that enabled users to graph various combinations of their own behaviors and outcomes, allowing them to visualize trends and understand possible correlations between behaviors and outcomes; (3) a resource library with articles and educational videos related to specific wellness behaviors or outcomes; and (4) research-based “insights” or brief tips intended to promote healthy habits. Participants also received virtual “coins” for interacting with the app that could be exchanged for various items in an online store.

Outcomes
The WE MD program enrolled a substantial portion of the medical school population (43%); most of the students used the app on a regular basis. Students found the app to be acceptable and appreciated many features and also provided feedback on how to improve the app. Information from the nightly survey data converged with established measures but also identified variability over time in wellness behaviors and outcomes.

Next Steps
Data from the WE MD program suggest that app-based daily tracking of wellness behaviors and outcomes is a feasible, promising approach to promote student wellness and identify real-time patterns and risk periods for medical students. The app will be revised based on student feedback and adapted for use by students, residents, and faculty.
Development of a Transition to Residency Course Using a Design Thinking Framework
Authors: Quinn Antonia , Lazar Jason , Bianchi Riccardo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Problem
Transition to residency (TTR) courses help alleviate medical students’ concerns about preparing for residency; however, existing TTR courses are often limited to teaching clinical or procedural skills without addressing the nonclinical skills necessary for transitioning to practice. This report describes the use of design thinking (DT) to develop a learner-centered TTR course at the State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University.

Approach
DT consists of 5 steps: discovery, interpretation, ideation, experimentation, and evolution. The first 3 steps were used for needs assessments and course design. During the discovery step, empathetic, semistructured interviews of interns, program directors, and graduating medical students were conducted to identify concerns about starting residency. During the interpretation step, thematic analysis of interviews was performed to identify areas of concerning attitudes and deficient skills and to inform content. In the ideation step, a 2-week curriculum was designed, including didactic lectures, small group discussions and workshops, simulation, and procedure labs, to address the defined content areas.

Outcomes
During the fourth step, implementation, a 2-week pilot elective course of the designed curriculum was conducted in spring 2021 with 6 students. Participant feedback from 2 students collected 6 months into internship found the procedures and simulated clinical skills cases high yield, appropriate, relevant to intern practice, and valuable. The course size in spring 2022 increased to 19 students, and the curriculum was refined based on the feedback of the previous pilot course (from 2 students and 4 faculty members) and from a precourse student survey (5 students).

Next Steps
The last step of DT, evolution, included determining larger-scale feasibility while maintaining learner-centeredness and conducting a programmatic evaluation. The iterative, adaptable approach of DT is suitable for TTR design and is generalizable. Other institutions can adapt the DT approach to develop their own institutional TTR programs.