bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Small-Strain Shear Moduli of Partially Saturated Sand During Infiltration in a Geotechnical Centrifuge
Authors: Ghayoomi Majid , McCartney John S. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
This paper describes the use of bender elements to measure changes in small strain shear modulus, Gmax, of sand layers due to the change in degree of saturation during centrifuge tests. The goal of the measurements is to verify that steady-state infiltration is an appropriate technique to control the effective stress in centrifuge physical modeling of partially saturated sands. Specifically, the suitability of infiltration is assessed by checking if the measured values of Gmax of partially saturated sand layers follow a similar trend to dry and saturated sand layers when the effective stress is defined from the suction and degree of saturation profiles during steady-state infiltration. Three pairs of bender elements were installed at different depths in a container of Ottawa sand, and the shear wave velocities of the sand were measured during steady-state infiltration into the sand layer. The applied infiltration rate was varied to obtain different uniform distributions of degrees of saturation with depth. Consistent with results from suction-controlled resonant column tests performed on the same sand, the values of Gmax measured from the bender element tests varied nonlinearly with degree of saturation with a peak value at a degree of saturation between 0.3 and 0.4. When interpreted in terms of mean effective stress, the values of Gmax from the bender element tests on partially saturated sands followed a unique trend consistent with measurements for dry and saturated sands.
Microstructure and Hardness Prediction at the Core of Steel Parts of Any Configuration during Quenching
Authors: Kobasko Nikolai , Guseynov Sharif 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the standard Jominy curve method, which is used for hardness and microstructure prediction at the core of steel parts of different shapes. It is shown that the simplified method of calculation needs verification by an exact analytical solution of the problem connected with the Jominy end-quench method. For this purpose, an exact analytical method of calculations is proposed. It is established that the cooling rate at the core of steel parts can differ by up to 12 % as compared with the self-regulated boiling process and extremely forced convection. The results of the investigations can be used for Jominy standard end-quenched method improvement and analyses of quenching processes. They also can be used for the development of new technologies.
Uniformly-Assembled Metal Nanoparticles on Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Applied in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Luo Zhixun , Loo Boon H. , Yao Jiannian 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTColloidal Au/Ag nanoparticles can be controllably assembled on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) surfaces; monolayer coating on the membrane on AAO with smaller pores, or a nano-net arrangement along the edges of AAO with larger pores. The supported Au and Ag nanoparticles on the AAO membranes are closely packed and exhibited localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Thus AAO membrane coated with Au or Ag nanoparticles is a highly surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate. High quality SERS spectra were obtained using fullerene molecules C60 & C70 as the probe molecules and the filtered Au nanoparticles as the substrate. Furthermore, new SERS systems were obtained from Au nanoparticles assembled into the pores of AAO-supported fullerene nano-tubes, and the C60/C70 nano-tube arrays loaded with Au nanoparticles. The new SERS systems made use of the contributions from AAO, the LSPR of the Au nanoparticles, and a uniform assembly of the probe molecules in the nanostructures. These approaches have also been applied to small organic molecule systems using Ag nanoparticles.
In-situ X-ray Studies of Clean Catalytic Technologies
Authors: Lee Adam F. , Ellis Christine V. , Newton Mark A. , Parlett Christopher M. , Wilson Karen 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe rational design of new heterogeneous catalysts for clean chemical technologies can be accelerated by molecular level insight into surface chemical processes. In-situ methodologies, able to provide time-resolved and/or pressure dependent information on the evolution of reacting adsorbed layers over catalytically relevant surfaces, are therefore of especial interest. Here we discuss the application of in-situ XPS and in-situ, synchronous DRIFTS/MS/XAS methodologies to elucidate the active site in Pd-catalyzed, selective aerobic oxidation of allylic alcohols.
Making Stuff Outreach at the Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University
Authors: Ament Katherine A. , Karsjen Steve , Leshem-Ackerman Adah , King Alexander 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe U. S. Department of Energy’s Ames Laboratory in Ames, Iowa was a coalition partner for outreach activities connected with NOVA’s Making Stuff television series on PBS. Volunteers affiliated with the Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, with backgrounds in materials science, took part in activities including a science-themed Family Night at a local mall, Science Cafés at the Science Center of Iowa, teacher workshops, demonstrations at science nights in elementary and middle schools, and various other events. We describe a selection of the activities and present a summary of their outcomes and extent of their impact on Ames, Des Moines and the surrounding communities in Iowa.In Part 2, results of a volunteer attitude survey are presented, which shed some light on the volunteer experience and show how the volunteers’ participation in outreach activities has affected their views of materials education.
Investigating How to Support Improvements in Student Learning Outcomes in a Fundamental Materials Engineering Course
Authors: Kitto Kathleen L. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTFor many engineers and technologists, their only exposure to materials engineering principles occurs within a single fundamentals course. Within that course, the students must conceptualize a wide variety of interdisciplinary topics drawn from chemistry, physics, engineering, and mathematics. Often, the students consider this fundamentals course challenging because it is likely that this is the first time that they are to develop understanding in such an interdisciplinary environment. Research studies in engineering education, which are based in social and cognitive constructivism, indicate that students build scaffolds from existing cognitive structures to new information when the students are able to make connections to their existing knowledge and experiences. It is also known that prior learning heavily influences this learning and that motivation plays a key role in the time that students devote to acquiring new knowledge. Research has also shown cooperative learning, understanding of individual student learning styles, and inductive teaching practices are important components that lead to improved Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs). The only way to truly understand effective practice is to implement constructively aligned strategies, problems, and concept learning opportunities, and then measure the SLOs. Additionally, an in-depth study of prior knowledge, conceptual understanding, and experiences is absolutely essential as key research questions are probed.This paper describes research work underway at Western Washington University to understand how to improve SLOs in a fundamental materials engineering course by investigating students’ prior knowledge and conceptual understanding, measuring individual learning styles, measuring the effectiveness of different constructively aligned course modules based upon ‘WHERETO” principles with collaborative problem sets or design problems, investigating the effect of pre-exam quizzing, measuring term-long conceptual gains, and developing Information Communication Technology (ICT) enabled applications to support and enhance student learning. Future investigations will probe how more personalizable instruction that allows for student differences might be accomplished with ICT applications, especially for large lecture classes.
Teaching, Learning, and Assessment Resources for Introductory Materials Science and Engineering Courses
Authors: Krause Stephen , Kelly Jacquelyn 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn order to make innovative curriculum materials more accessible to instructors, a set of teaching, learning, and assessment resources have been created to implement more student-centered pedagogy for many topics in an introductory materials course. The resource development has been based on major principles for effective learning described in the book, How People Learn. The book states that, for more effective teaching and learning, instructors need pay attention to three major principles. One is that they should be aware of students’ prior knowledge and experience and misconceptions in order to inform classroom instruction and materials. As such, we have created tools to assess prior knowledge including the Materials Concept Inventory and Pre-Post Topical Concept Question Sets. Eliciting such information is critical in informing creation of innovative and misconception-informed teaching materials. A second principle is that instructors should create opportunities for student engagement with one another in order to promote conceptual change with deeper content understanding. This will help students build a conceptual framework that facilitates recall and transfer of concepts to new applications. As such, we have created visually-rich, contextualized content to promote student interest and link abstract concepts to concrete applications. The constructivist materials and activities that have been created include: Misconception-Informed Mini-Lecture Slide Sets, topical concept-context maps, a variety of classroom engagement activities, and homework that includes just-in-time preview problems to prepare students for the next class. A third principle is that instructors should promote student reflection so they become more metacognitive learners who can develop their own expertise by defining learning goals and monitoring their own progress. This need was addressed with a Daily Reflection Points sheet that requested students to write down their own class Points of Interest, Muddiness, and Learning. Most of these resources are available on the web at http://concept.asu.edu/. Assessment results showed significant gains on specific course topics using the innovative materials and an increase in persistence of students completing the class that rose from 85% to 95% compared with earlier lecture-based classes.
Leakage Current and Dielectric Properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 Films Deposited by RF Sputtering at Low Substrate Temperature
Authors: Cramer Nicholas , Kalkur Thottam S. , Philofsky Elliot , Kammerdiner Lee 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMost studies of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) thin film deposition have focused on chemical vapor deposition or spin-on techniques. Both these techniques require high substrate temperature (greater than 600 °C), either during the deposition or during an anneal after deposition. A few groups have reported on sputtered films, but most of these studies also used high-temperature processes. While such temperatures are compatible with poly-Si plug DRAM and related technologies, they are far above the limits for technologies that require the deposition of non-refractory metals before the deposition of the ceramic film. For example, the use of Al metalization before the deposition of BST would limit the BST processing temperature to about 450 °C. A process compatible with such a temperature limit is reported. Such a process makes fabrication of high quality BST thin films difficult, primarily due to the need for oxidation and grain growth in the ceramic. The leakage current and dielectric properties of BST films deposited in such a process are reported and are shown to be sufficient for practical device applications.
Anti-Islet Autoantibodies Trigger Autoimmune Diabetes in the Presence of an Increased Frequency of Islet-Reactive CD4 T Cells
Authors: Silva Diego G. , Daley Stephen R. , Hogan Jennifer , Lee Sau K. , Teh Charis E. , Hu Daniel Y. , Lam Kong-Peng , Goodnow Christopher C. , Vinuesa Carola G. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVETo define cellular mechanisms by which B cells promote type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe study measured islet-specific CD4 T cell regulation in T-cell receptor transgenic mice with elevated frequencies of CD4 T cells recognizing hen egg lysozyme (HEL) autoantigen expressed in islet β-cells and thymic epithelium under control of the insulin-gene promoter. The effects of a mutation in Roquin that dysregulates T follicular helper (Tfh) cells to promote B-cell activation and anti-islet autoantibodies were studied, as were the effects of HEL antigen–presenting B cells and passively transferred or maternally transmitted anti-islet HEL antibodies.RESULTSMouse anti-islet IgG antibodies—either formed as a consequence of excessive Tfh activity, maternally transmitted, or passively transferred—caused a breakdown of tolerance in islet-reactive CD4+ cells and fast progression to diabetes. Progression to diabetes was ameliorated in the absence of B cells or when the B cells could not secrete islet-specific IgG. Anti-islet antibodies increased the survival of proliferating islet-reactive CD4+ T cells. FcγR blockade delayed and reduced the incidence of autoimmune diabetes.CONCLUSIONSB cells can promote type 1 diabetes by secreting anti-islet autoantibodies that act in an FcγR-mediated manner to enhance the expansion of islet-reactive CD4 T cells and cooperate with inherited defects in thymic and peripheral CD4 T–cell tolerance. Cooperation between inherited variants affecting CD4 T–cell tolerance and anti-islet autoantibodies should be examined in epidemiological studies and in studies examining the efficacy of B-cell depletion.
The Berlin Wall after Fifty Years: Introduction
Authors: Harrison Hope M. 
Published: July 2011

Fifty years ago on 13 August 1961, the East Germans sealed the east-westborder in Berlin, beginning to build what would become known as theBerlin Wall. Located 110 miles/177 kilometers from the border with WestGermany and deep inside of East Germany, West Berlin had remained the“last loophole” for East Germans to escape from the communist GermanDemocratic Republic (GDR) to the western Federal Republic of Germany(FRG, West Germany). West Berlin was an island of capitalism and democracywithin the GDR, and it enticed increasing numbers of dissatisfied EastGermans to flee to the West. This was particularly the case after the borderbetween the GDR and FRG was closed in 1952, leaving Berlin as the onlyplace in Germany where people could move freely between east and west.By the summer of 1961, over 1,000 East Germans were fleeing westwardsevery day, threatening to bring down the GDR. To put a stop to this, EastGermany’s leaders, with backing from their Soviet ally, slammed shut this“escape hatch.”
Family Physicians' Perceptions of Pharmacy Adaptation Services in British Columbia
Authors: Henrich Natalie , Joshi Pamela , Grindrod Kelly , Lynd Larry , Marra Carlo 
Published: July 2011

Background: In 2008, the BC provincial government introduced legislation that enabled pharmacists to adapt prescriptions. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions, attitudes and practices of family physicians as they relate to pharmacy adaptation services. Methods: Focus groups and interviews were conducted with physicians in 4 of the 5 regional health authorities of BC (Fraser, Interior, Vancouver Coastal and Vancouver Island) and transcripts were thematically coded and analyzed. Results: Forty physicians participated in the 4 focus groups and 4 physicians participated in supplementary interviews. Physicians perceived 6 key concerns arising from the initiative: compromised patient monitoring, physician liability, physician burden, pharmacists' ability to make appropriate adaptations, conflicts of interest and impact on physician-pharmacist relationships. Physicians also believed that communication about the adaptation initiative was inadequate and that they were not sufficiently included in its development. Interpretation: Most of the participating physicians had received very few, if any, prescription adaptations; hence their concerns about the potential impact of such adaptations are mostly speculative. They also indicated a lack of information concerning the details of the initiative and the scope of what pharmacists are permitted to adapt. However, whether or not their perceptions are accurate, physicians' beliefs about prescription adaptations will affect their acceptance of the initiative and thus their concerns need to be addressed. Conclusions: Physicians are essential stakeholders in the prescribing process. To ensure that physicians support pharmacy adaptation services, their concerns should be addressed in the adaptation guidelines and efforts should be made to include them in discussions and provide them with detailed communications.
An Exploration of Pharmacist Preceptors' and Pharmacy Students' Experiences at an Interprofessional Student-Run Clinic
Authors: Guirguis Lisa , Sidhu Kiran 
Published: July 2011

Background: This study examines pharmacist preceptors' and pharmacy students' experiences at an interprofessional student-run clinic: Student Health Initiative for the Needs of Edmonton (SHINE). On Saturday afternoons, students and preceptors from medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, social work and nutrition work together to care for adolescents and young adults from Edmonton inner city areas. Methods: Pharmacist preceptors and pharmacy students were invited to participate in open-ended interviews to explore their experiences at the SHINE clinic. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used to identify themes in the transcribed interviews. Results: Three pharmacist preceptors and 3 pharmacy students were interviewed. Three themes arose: dynamic team roles, interprofessional role understanding and personal benefits. Preceptors' and students' interprofessional contributions varied based on the stage of the patient care process. Benefits of the SHINE clinic experience included enhancing preceptor skills, interprofessional relationships and confidence working in teams. Discussion: The optimal model of interprofessional practice varies at the SHINE clinic. The appropriate intensity of collaboration throughout the care process should be explored. Pharmacy students appeared to have greater comfort levels when working in a traditional pharmacy role, but preceptor role models helped to push those boundaries. The SHINE clinic provides a rare community experience through which both preceptors and students can build relationships with other health care professionals and confidence practising in teams. Conclusion: This study helps us better understand the dynamic role and contributions of pharmacy students in an interprofessional student-run clinic. The SHINE clinic provided a beneficial experience, where preceptors and students could learn with, from and about each other while caring for a vulnerable population. The findings provide insight into student-driven interprofessional education and provide guidance for further exploration.
« Je » dangereux et processus psychiques à l'œuvre dans les pratiques dangereuses
Authors: Romano Hélène 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Dans le quotidien des enfants et des adolescents, des conduites particulières peuvent être repérées : les « jeux » d’asphyxie, les « jeux » d’agression et les « jeux » de mort. Nous proposons, à la lumière de notre expérience régulière auprès de jeunes impliqués dans ce type de conduites, une réflexion quant aux processus psychiques à l’œuvre. Dans une première partie nous présenterons ces différents « jeux » et les fréquentes confusions avec d’autres types d’activités ; puis nous décrirons l’atteinte des processus de pensée et de relation d’objet qu’elles impliquent.
David Le Breton : Sur les massacres perpétrés par des adolescents dans leur école
Authors: Le Breton David 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Les jeunes tueurs des établissements scolaires sont loin de répondre à un style psychologique commun, les uns sont décrits comme sociables, d’autres comme solitaires. Certains vivent dans des familles unies, d’autres dans des familles divorcées ou séparées. Un ensemble de traits sociologiques les rassemble : l’accomplissement d’un rite de virilité quand plus rien d’autre ne les valorise, l’impossibilité de s’identifier aux autres, une haine farouche qui leur tient lieu d’affiliation au monde.
coupure, peinture au sang, regard du thérapeute
Authors: Laget Jacques 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Au cours d’une séance de psychothérapie, Benoît, quinze ans, demande s’il peut faire une peinture de son sang – peinture qu’il réalise ensuite chez lui et décrit à la séance suivante : les yeux d’Horus, qu’il a trouvé sur Internet. Il présente une dépression sévère et des projets de suicide, il se scarifie, la fragilité narcissique est massive et la problématique identitaire au premier plan. Benoît revendique sa dépression, dit sa fascination pour ses cicatrices et ses scarifications, il assimile son besoin de voir couler son sang à une dépendance à une drogue. Il veut se couper, il en a besoin, il se sent exister. Les liens du sang, devenus sanglants ici, l’unissent étroitement à sa sœur jumelle. Il dit qu’il ne souffre pas quand il se coupe, Il subit dans l’adversité, il s’éprouve et paradoxalement s’endurcit... La douleur le renforce et par là même renforce les limites du Moi et le Moi. Il traite ainsi sa trop grande sensibilité, trait rapporté de son enfance, signe pour lui de faiblesse et de passivité... qu’on oppose à la violence, la puissance et la force qu’il ressent dans ses comportements auto-agressifs. Regards : le sien sur son sang et sa peinture... La place du regard, des regards, les yeux d’Horus, regard intérieur de Benoît sur son sang qui coule, ses cicatrices, cherchant à s’approprier un corps et un psychisme qui changent et le menacent. Regard de ses parents qui souffrent, il le sait, sidérés, ils paniquent au début, mais leurs regards évoluent. Regard du thérapeute sur sa peinture, sa création « adolescente », et reprise du mythe dans la thérapie. Le thérapeute, la psychothérapie des attaques du corps rétablissent du visuel, en répondant à la sollicitation du regard, dans le cadre d’un échange associant création et représentation, ouverture au sens.
Groupes thérapeutiques d'adolescents en état limite
Authors: Baldini Tito , Biondo Daniele 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Les auteurs présentent leurs expériences avec les adolescents en état limite , une forme particulière de souffrance des adolescents. Le travail avec les adolescents en état limite en référence aux principaux concepts analytiques des groupes contribue – selon les auteurs – à rendre actif la capacité de faire des représentations et à les lier les unes aux autres en restituant aux sujets la dignité de personnes pensant et rêvant. Les auteurs présentent deux situations cliniques qui décrivent des groupes environnementaux – les communautés de type familial et les « Centri di Aggregazione Giovanile » [centres socio-éducatifs spécialisés dans l’accueil des pré-adolescents, des adolescents et des jeunes adultes] – dans lesquels ils ont eu la chance de partager une méthode d’intervention psychanalytiquement orientée aux groupes, qui leur a permis de s’engager et de soigner les adolescents en état limite pour lesquels toute intervention de psychothérapie psychanalytique classique n’aurait pu être appliquée ou aurait eu un résultat défaillant. La présence d’une situation de groupe étendu permet aux adolescents en état limite de faire l’expérience d’une contention mentale des angoisses. En se mouvant dans une dimension interpsychique, le groupe psychodynamiquement orienté crée l’espace transitionnel où les adolescents difficiles couvrent et intègrent la distance entre eux et le milieu, entre l’espace psychique interne et l’espace psychique élargi du groupe.