bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute ethanol intoxication in a model of traumatic brain injury with hemorrhagic shock: effects on early physiological response
Authors: Zink Brian J. , Sheinberg Michael A. , Wang Xu , Mertz Michelle , Stern Susan A. , Betz A. Lorris 
Published: June 2009

Object. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is exacerbated by hypotension and hypoventilation. Because previous studies have shown a potentiating effect of ethanol (EtOH) on TBI and hemorrhagic shock (HS), the authors investigated the effects of EtOH on the early physiological response to TBI with and without HS.
Methods. Anesthetized swine, weighing approximately 20 kg each, underwent fluid-percussion TBI of 3 atm with or without 30 ml/kg hemorrhage for a period of 30 minutes. The mean arterial blood pressure, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), cardiac output, cerebral venous oxygen saturation, and metabolic parameters were monitored for 3 hours postinjury. Ventilation and the response to hypercapnia were also measured. Regional cerebral blood flow and renal blood flow were measured using dye-labeled microspheres. Five groups were studied: control, TBI, TBI/EtOH, TBI/HS, and TBI/HS/EtOH. The EtOH (3.5 g) was given intragastrically 100 minutes preinjury.
The TBI/HS/EtOH group demonstrated a 3-hour mortality rate of 56% and postinjury apnea requiring ventilation in 44% of animals compared with 0% in all other groups. Minute ventilation and the hypercapnic ventilatory response were significantly reduced in the postinjury period in the TBI/HS/EtOH group. The animals in this group had significantly lower CPP and cardiac output in the first 60 minutes postinjury, as well as lower renal and cerebral blood flow. Postinjury cerebral venous lactate levels were higher, and cerebral venous pH was lower in the TBI/HS/EtOH group.
Conclusions. In this model of TBI, acute EtOH intoxication in the presence of HS potentiates the physiological and metabolic alterations that may contribute to secondary brain injury.
Microvascular decompression for superior oblique myokymia
Authors: Samii Madjid , Rosahl Steffen K. , Carvalho Gustavo A. , Krzizok Thomas 
Published: June 2009

✓ Superior oblique myokymia (SOM) is a rare eye movement disorder presenting as uniocular rotatory microtremor due to intermittent contractions of the superior oblique muscle. Medical treatment usually fails to provide long-term benefit for the patient and has considerable side effects. Surgical alternatives including tenotomy or partial tenectomy of the superior oblique tendon often result in incomplete resolution of the visual symptoms. The authors report a patient who experienced immediate cessation of disabling SOM following microvascular decompression of the fourth nerve at the root exit zone. Temporary double vision at downgaze resolved 5 months after surgery. There was no recurrence of oscillopsia during a follow-up of 22 months to date.
From this single observation it appears likely that vascular compression of the trochlear nerve could be a significant pathophysiological factor contributing to SOM. In the hands of an experienced surgeon, microvascular decompression at the brainstem exit zone of this nerve may evolve as the method of choice for selected cases of disabling SOM.
Thiamine-deficient lactic acidosis with brain tumor treatment
Authors: Kuba Hiroshi , Inamura Takanori , Ikezaki Kiyonobu , Kawashima Masatou , Fukui Masashi 
Published: June 2009

✓ Lactic acidosis due to thiamine deficiency is known to complicate chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment of malignant extracranial tumors, but to the authors' knowledge, this complication has not been reported in patients treated for malignant brain tumors. They report three such cases, demonstrating that this complication can occur during treatment of brain tumors.In all patients, consciousness levels deteriorated within 1 to 2 days. Serum lactic acid levels increased to concentrations between 62 and 96.7 mg/dl, resulting in severe metabolic acidosis. A low blood thiamine level (9 ng/ml) was demonstrated at the onset in one case, and high-dose thiamine infusions dramatically improved lactic acidemia as well as impairment of consciousness in two cases. In the other case, hydrocephalus was suspected initially, resulting in a delay in thiamine supplementation.Clinical differentiation of this form of lactic acidosis from hydrocephalus or tumor progression can be very difficult in a patient undergoing treatment for a malignant brain tumor. Demand for thiamine is thought to be increased in patients with malignant brain tumors, and supplemental thiamine during treatment is necessary to prevent lactic acidosis. When this complication occurs, immediate treatment with sufficient thiamine is essential, together with normalization of pH by using sodium bicarbonate. With timely intervention, the level of consciousness can recover to the preacidotic state with no new neurological deficits.
Surfing for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Perspectives on Quality and Content of Information on the Internet
Authors: STINSON JENNIFER N. , TUCKER LORI , HUBER ADAM , HARRIS HEATHER , LIN CARMEN , COHEN LINDSAY , GILL NAVREET , LUKAS-BRETZLER JACQUELINE , PROULX LAURIE , PROWTEN DAVID 
Published: June 2009

Objective.To determine the quality and content of English language Internet information about juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) from the perspectives of consumers and healthcare professionals.Methods.Key words relevant to JIA were searched across 10 search engines. Quality of information was appraised independently by 2 health professionals, 1 young adult with JIA, and a parent using the DISCERN tool. Concordance of the website content (i.e., accuracy and completeness) with available evidence about the management of JIA was determined. Readability was determined using Flesch-Kincaid grade level and Reading Ease Score.Results.Out of the 3000 Web pages accessed, only 58 unique sites met the inclusion criteria. Of these sites only 16 had DISCERN scores above 50% (indicating fair quality). These sites were then rated by consumers. Most sites targeted parents and none were specifically developed for youth with JIA. The overall quality of website information was fair, with a mean DISCERN quality rating score of 48.92 out of 75 (± 6.56, range 34.0–59.5). Overall completeness of sites was 9.07 out of 16 (± 2.28, range 5.25–13.25) and accuracy was 3.09 out of 4 (± 0.86, range 2–4), indicating a moderate level of accuracy. Average Flesch-Kincaid grade level and Reading Ease Score were 11.48 (± 0.74, range 10.1–12.0) and 36.36 (± 10.86, range 6.30–48.1), respectively, indicating that the material was difficult to read.Conclusion.Our study highlights the paucity of high quality Internet health information at an appropriate reading level for youth with JIA and their parents.
Après-coup et construction
Authors: Faimberg Haydée 
Published: June 2009

L’auteur se réfère à cette conception freudienne, subversive du temps et de la causalité psychiques qu’est l’opération de Nachträglichkeit en cherchant son articulation avec le concept de construction dans le travail clinique de Freud (cas de Kardiner) et de Winnicott. L’auteur rappelle aussi une hypothèse qu’elle a posée en 1998 : la crainte de l’effondrement winnicottienne a besoin d’une conceptualisation élargie de l’après-coup (opération toujours constituée de deux phases : anticipation et signification rétroactive) pour considérer ce processus de temporalisation – à partir de la formulation d’une construction par Winnicott – comme une opération d’après-coup.
De l'idée freudienne de narcissisme primaire à celle de subjectivation, deux approches complémentaires en psychanalyse
Authors: Penot Bernard 
Published: June 2009

La pensée de Freud n’a cessé d’évoluer entre deux pôles de référence. Il ne lâche jamais l’optique d’une individualité organique où s’enracinerait « la vie d’âme », tout en concevant le développement de celle-ci au travers des interactions premières. Nous avons aujourd’hui encore à mieux intégrer les lignes de force d’une telle tension : entre narcissisme individuel et subjectivation relationnelle. Une lecture critique comparative de deux textes conçus à une année d’intervalle – « Pour introduire le narcissisme » (1914) et « Pulsions et destins des pulsions » (1915) – aide à travailler cette tension théorique, au-delà de ses apparentes contradictions. Le couple narcissisme/subjectivation s’avère en effet utile pour penser les registres archa ïques du transfert, avec les « troubles graves de la subjectivation » (pathologies narcissiques et de comportement) auxquels nous sommes souvent confrontés.
Temperature Measurement
Authors: Fischer Joachim 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAccurate measurement and control of temperature is important in many areas such as in the process industry and for the characterisation of materials used in the automotive, aerospace and semiconductor industries. This contribution reviews the current status of temperature measurement. It starts after a brief introduction on the idea of temperature with the description of the main fundamental methods to measure it concentrating on the temperature range important for applications. Different variants of gas thermometry, noise thermometry and the optical methods applying Doppler‐broadening spectroscopy and thermal radiation measurement are reported. The presently adopted international temperature scales to harmonize and facilitate practical temperature measurement are following including the most frequently used practical thermometers such as resistance thermometers, thermocouples and radiation thermometers. New developments like standards based on metal‐carbon eutectic phase transitions and the proposed new definition of the Kelvin based on a fundamental constant conclude the overview.
Introduction to Radiation Detectors
Authors: Grupen Claus 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The purpose of radiation detectors is to count and measure charged and neutral particles and to determine their characteristic properties, such as momentum, energy, and velocity. Based on these properties the particles can be identified. Charged particles are mostly detected via their ionization. By suitable conversion techniques, photons, neutrons, and neutrinos can also be recorded.
Originally particle detectors were used in cosmic rays and nuclear and particle physics. Meanwhile these devices have found applications in medicine, biology, environmental science, metrology, radiation protection, oil exploration, civil engineering, archaeology, and arts, to name a few. While the most sophisticated detectors are still developed for particle physics and astroparticles, practical applications often require robust devices, which also function in harsh environments.
In this article the interactions of charged and neutral particles are described, and the main detector techniques to measure elementary particles and nuclei are presented.
Fixed‐order optimal deconvolution filter with irregular missing data
Authors: Hung Jui‐Chung 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn general, the reconstruction performance of the conventional deconvolution filter is deteriorated by the missing data. In this paper, a fixed‐order deconvolution filter design method is proposed for the signal reconstruction from received signal with irregular missing data. The missing data model is based on a probabilistic structure. The probability of occurrence of missing data is unknown a prior. In this situation, the deconvolution filter design problem becomes a complicated nonlinear estimation problem. In this study, a design method based on genetic algorithms is proposed to treat the signal reconstruction design problem with irregular missing data. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the simulation results of the proposed deconvolution filter. The results show that the reconstruction performance is improved significantly if the missing probability is considered in the deconvolution filter design procedure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of the particle size distribution on fluidized bed hydrodynamics using high‐throughput experimentation
Authors: Beetstra Renske , Nijenhuis John , Ellis Naoko , van Ommen J. Ruud 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe goal of the described project is to design mixtures of particles with optimal fluidization properties. Using high‐throughput experimentation, a novel approach to study hydrodynamics in fluidized beds, the relevant properties can be obtained in a limited period of time. This approach is demonstrated by assessing the influence of particle size distribution on fluidized bed hydrodynamics of Geldart A powders. By manipulating the width of the particle size distribution of alumina powder, the bubble diameter is reduced up to 40%. The addition of fines to a given particle size distribution also decreases the bubble diameter up to 40%, whereas the addition of coarse particles hardly influences the bubble size. At low gas velocities, the bubble size was found to increase with fines addition or increasing standard deviation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Multi‐scale study on the secondary reactions of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline
Authors: Yang Bo‐lun , Zhou Xiao‐Wei , Yang Xiao‐Hui , Chen Chun , Wang Long‐Yan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMulti‐scale model considered the heat transfer, mass transfer, momentum transfer, fluid flow with reactions together at different spatiotemporal scales for the riser reactor of secondary reactions of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline (SRFCCG) process has been preformed in this work. Micro‐scale of kinetics in catalyst particles, meso‐scale of clusters, voids, dense phase, dilute phases, and heterogeneous structures in gas–solid flow, and the macro‐scale of product distribution over riser reactor have been established using multi‐scale modeling method and integrated by the multi‐domain strategy. The proposed model was solved with the software of EQUATRAN‐G. Good agreement between simulation results and the experimental data suggested that the proposed model was well constructed and simulation exercise was successful. The multi‐scale model was capable of predicting heterogeneous structures of multi‐phase flow, reactor temperature profile, and product distribution of SRFCCG process. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Mixing of two binary nonequilibrium phases in one dimension
Authors: Haugen Kjetil B. , Firoozabadi Abbas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe mixing of nonequilibrium phases has important applications in improved oil recovery and geological CO2‐storage. The rate of mixing is often controlled by diffusion and modeling requires diffusion coefficients at subsurface temperature and pressure. High‐pressure diffusion coefficients are commonly inferred from changes in bulk properties as two phases equilibrate in a PVT cell. However, models relating measured quantities to diffusion coefficients usually ignore convective mass transport. This work presents a comprehensive model of mixing of two nonequilibrium binary phases in one‐dimension. Mass transport due to bulk velocity triggered by compressibility and nonideality is taken into account. Ignoring this phenomenon violates local mass balance and does not allow for changes in phase volumes. Simulations of two PVT cell experiments show that models ignoring bulk velocity may significantly overestimate the diffusion coefficients. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Modular biocatalysts
Authors: Khosla Chaitan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractModularity is a highly sought after feature in engineering design. A modular catalyst is a multi‐component system whose parts can be predictably interchanged for functional flexibility and variety. Over the past two decades, much of the research in our laboratory has focused on understanding the modularity of a class of multifunctional enzymes called polyketide synthases (PKSs). PKSs catalyze the biosynthesis of a broad range of complex natural products in microorganisms, including many well‐known and emerging antibiotics. A better understanding of the fundamental principles governing their modular chemistry promises to create powerful opportunities for engineering new medicines, and may even open the door to radically new catalytic processes for functionally dense, chiral synthons. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and the evolutionary paradox of the polycystic ovary syndrome: A fertility first hypothesis
Authors: Corbett Stephen J. , McMichael Anthony J. , Prentice Andrew M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWorldwide, the high prevalence of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a heritable cause of ovarian infertility, is an evolutionary paradox, which provides insight into the susceptibility of well‐fed human populations to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. We propose that PCOS, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the Metabolic Syndrome are modern phenotypic expressions of a metabolic genotype attuned to the dietary and energetic conditions of the Pleistocene. This metabolic “Fertility First” rather than “Thrifty” genotype persisted at high prevalence throughout the entire agrarian period—from around 12,000 years ago until 1800 AD—primarily, we contend, because it conferred a fertility advantage in an environment defined by chronic and often severe seasonal food shortage. Conversely, we argue that genetic adaptations to a high carbohydrate, low protein agrarian diet, with increased sensitivity to insulin action, were constrained because these adaptations compromised fertility by raising the lower bound of body weight and energy intake optimal for ovulation and reproduction. After 1800, the progressive attainment of dietary energy sufficiency released human populations from this constraint. This release, through the powerful mechanism of fertility selection, increased, in decades rather than centuries, the prevalence of a genotype better suited to carbohydrate metabolism. This putative mechanism for rapid and recent human evolution can explain the lower susceptibility to T2D of today's Europid populations. This hypothesis predicts that the increasing rates of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which typically accompany economic development, will be tempered by natural, but particularly fertility, selection against the conserved ancestral genotypes that currently underpin them. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing interethnic admixture using an X‐linked insertion‐deletion multiplex
Authors: Ribeiro‐Rodrigues Elzemar Martins , dos Santos Ney Pereira Carneiro , dos Santos Ândrea Kely Campos Ribeiro , Pereira Rui , Amorim António , Gusmão Leonor , Zago Marco Antonio , dos Santos Sidney Emanuel Batista 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this study, a PCR multiplex was optimized, allowing the simultaneous analysis of 13 X‐chromosome Insertion/deletion polymorphisms (INDELs). Genetic variation observed in Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans reveals high inter‐population variability. The estimated proportions of X‐chromosomes in an admixed population from the Brazilian Amazon region show a predominant Amerindian contribution (≅41%), followed by European (≅32%) and African (≅27%) contributions. The proportion of Amerindian contribution based on X‐linked data is similar to the expected value based on mtDNA and Y‐chromosome information. The accuracy for assessing interethnic admixture, and the high differentiation between African, European, and Native American populations, demonstrates the suitability of this INDEL set to measure ancestry proportions in three‐hybrid populations, as it is the case of Latin American populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variability of limb muscle size in young men
Authors: Wakahara Taku , Takeshita Kazumi , Kato Emika , Miyatani Masae , Tanaka Noriko I. , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Kawakami Yasuo , Fukunaga Tetsuo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the interindividual variability of the upper and lower limb muscle size in young men. Subjects were 655 Japanese men aged 18–39 years. They were sedentary and mildly to highly active individuals, including college athletes of various sports. Muscle thicknesses at each of the anterior and posterior portions of the upper arm, thigh, and lower leg were measured using B‐mode ultrasonography. Interindividual variability of muscle thickness was evaluated by coefficients of variation (CVs). The CVs of muscle thicknesses were found to be in the order of upper arm posterior (17.7%), thigh anterior (14.8%), thigh posterior (12.6%), upper arm anterior (12.2%), lower leg anterior (9.8%), and lower leg posterior (9.4%). The CVs were significantly different between each pair of measurement sites except for those of upper arm anterior‐thigh posterior and lower leg anterior‐posterior. These differences remain significant even when the muscle thicknesses were normalized to the segment length. The observed differences in the size variability can be interpreted as muscle‐related differences in hypertrophic responsiveness to resistance training. The muscle‐dependent size variability may be related to the differences in the fiber‐type composition and/or muscle usage in daily life among examined muscle groups. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body composition and its components in preterm and term newborns: A cross‐sectional, multimodal investigation
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Nemet Dan , Eliakim Alon , Koeppel Robin , Grochow Donna , Coussens Maria , Gallitto Susan , Rich Julia , Pontello Andria , Leu Szu‐Yun , Cooper Dan M. , Waffarn Feizal 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA prospective, cross‐sectional, observational study in preterm and term infants was performed to compare multimodal measurements of body composition, namely, limb ultrasound, bone quantitative ultrasound, and dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). One hundred and two preterm and term infants appropriate for gestational age were enrolled from the newborn nursery and neonatal intensive care unit. Infants were included when they were medically stable, in an open crib, on full enteral feeds and within 1 week of anticipated discharge. Correlations among the various measurements of body composition were performed using standard techniques. A comparison between preterm infant (born at 28–32 weeks) reaching term to term‐born infants was performed. Limb ultrasound estimates of cross‐sectional areas of lean and fat tissue in a region of tissue (i.e., the leg) were remarkably correlated with regional and whole‐body estimates of fat‐free mass and fat obtained from DXA suggesting the potential usefulness of muscle ultrasound as an investigative tool for studying aspects of body composition in this fragile population. There was a weak but significant correlation between quantitative ultrasound measurements of bone strength and DXA‐derived bone mineral density (BMD). Preterm infants reaching term had significantly lower body weight, length, head circumference, muscle and fat cross‐sectional area, bone speed of sound, whole‐body and regional lean body mass, fat mass, and BMD compared to term‐born infants. Current postnatal care and nutritional support in preterm infants is still unable to match the in‐utero environment for optimal growth and bone development. The use of relatively simple bedside, noninvasive body composition measurements may assist in understanding how changes in different components of body composition early in life affect later growth and development. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.