bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über Museen der Naturgeschichte und ihren Zweck. Ein Vortrag gehalten von Leopold von Buch (1774–1853) im April 1838
Authors: Kröger Björn 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOn Natural History Museums and Their Purpose. A Lecture Given by Leopold von Buch (1774–1853) in April 1838. A manuscript of a lecture by the Prussian geologist Leopold von Buch given at the Berlin Society of the Friends of the Humanity was discovered at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. The text is a raw version of a passionate plea for the formation of natural history collections as science places, with a partly biting humor. Based on until now unknown anecdotes about naturalists like Kaspar Maria Graf Sternberg (1761–1838) and Friedrich Wilhelm Hoeninghaus (1771–1854) Leopold von Buch argues with von Sternberg for the scientific value of natural history collections. The repeating references to the works of Goethe and an extensive addendum of various Dante translations into German are striking. The lecture manuscript complements our knowledge about the thinking of this important geologist, and provides new insights into the science policy of his time.
Lateral pterygoid muscle: A three‐dimensional analysis of neuromuscular partitioning
Authors: Davies J.C. , Charles M. , Cantelmi D. , Liebgott B. , Ravichandiran M. , Ravichandiran K. , Agur A.M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe lateral pterygoid (LP) has been implicated in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology. Few studies have examined muscle architecture of the superior (SLP) and inferior (ILP) heads of LP; moreover, the pattern of intramuscular innervation is poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to determine patterns of intramuscular innervation of LP using 3D modeling. The superior and lateral aspects of LP were exposed in 10 embalmed cadaveric specimens. Nerves entering the muscle, all branches of the mandibular nerve (V3), were followed intramuscularly in short segments and sequentially digitized. Muscle volume, surrounding bone, and the TMJ disc were also digitized. The data were reconstructed into 3D models (Maya®) that were used to determine patterns of intramuscular innervation. It was found that the SLP had independent sources of innervation to each of the quadrants in its superior part (masseteric/posterior deep temporal/middle deep temporal/buccal) and one primary source of innervation (buccal) to the quadrants of the inferior part. This difference in innervation is significant as the superior part attaches to the TMJ disc‐capsule complex, whereas the inferior part attaches to the mandibular condylar neck. Differing sites of attachment and sources of innervation for each part suggests that movement of the TMJ disc‐capsule complex, independent of the condyle, may be possible. The buccal nerve supplied both the medial and lateral quadrants of the ILP, with the medial quadrants receiving additional innervation from V3 muscular branches. Results of this study could be used to direct EMG/ultrasound studies of LP function as related to TMJ disorders. Clin. Anat. 25:576–583, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced tumor‐antigen density leads to PD‐1/PD‐L1‐mediated impairment of partially exhausted CD8+ T cells
Authors: Kaiser Andrew D. , Schuster Kerstin , Gadiot Jules , Borkner Lisa , Daebritz Henry , Schmitt Clemens , Andreesen Reinhard , Blank Christian 
Published: December 2011

AbstractClinical progression of cancer patients is often observed despite the presence of tumor‐reactive T cells. Co‐inhibitory ligands of the B7 superfamily have been postulated to play a part in this tumor‐immune escape. One of these molecules, PD‐L1 (B7‐H1, CD274), is widely expressed on tumor cells and has been shown to mediate T‐cell inhibition. However, attempts to correlate PD‐L1 tumor expression with negative prognosis have been conflicting. To better understand when PD‐1/PD‐L1‐mediated inhibition contributes to the functional impairment of tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells, we varied the levels of antigen density and/or PD‐L1 expression at the surface of tumor cells and exposed them to CD8+ T cells at different levels of functional exhaustion. We found that the gradual reduction of cognate antigen expression by PD‐L1‐expressing tumor cells increased the susceptibility of partially exhausted T cells to PD‐1/PD‐L1‐mediated inhibition in vitro as well as in vivo. In conclusion, chronically stimulated CD8+ T cells become sensitive to PD‐1/PD‐L1‐mediated functional inhibition upon low antigen detection; a setting which is likely involved during tumor‐immune escape.
Post‐earthquake damage assessment using residual displacements
Authors: Yazgan Ufuk , Dazio Alessandro 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a new, improved, post‐earthquake damage assessment method that takes into account residual deformations attained by the damaged structure during the earthquake. Local and global residual deformations and visual damage indicators are considered to estimate the maximum deformations experienced by the structure. As a particular development, the method allows measured displacements and rotations to be considered jointly. Uncertainties associated with both the excitation and the damaged structure are explicitly accounted for. The resulting maximum displacement estimates allow a more accurate evaluation of the extent of structural damage when judging the usability/reparability of the investigated structure. A trial application of the method to a real structure tested on a shaking table is presented. The results confirm the capability of the method to estimate the maximum displacement and the residual stiffness of the damaged structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of multiple‐input single‐output single‐user ultra‐wideband systems with pre‐distortion
Authors: Angélico B.A. , Jeszensky P.J.E. , Burt P.M.S. , Hodgkiss W.S. , Abrão T. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a performance analysis of a baseband multiple‐input single‐output ultra‐wideband system over scenarios CM1 and CM3 of the IEEE 802.15.3a channel model, incorporating four different schemes of pre‐distortion: time reversal, zero‐forcing pre‐equaliser, constrained least squares pre‐equaliser, and minimum mean square error pre‐equaliser. For the third case, a simple solution based on the steepest‐descent (gradient) algorithm is adopted and compared with theoretical results. The channel estimations at the transmitter are assumed to be truncated and noisy. Results show that the constrained least squares algorithm has a good trade‐off between intersymbol interference reduction and signal‐to‐noise ratio preservation, providing a performance comparable to the minimum mean square error method but with lower computational complexity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting Monetary Policy Decisions in Australia: A Forecast Combinations Approach
Authors: Vasnev Andrey , Skirtun Margaret , Pauwels Laurent 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper applies a triple‐choice ordered probit model, corrected for nonstationarity to forecast monetary decisions of the Reserve Bank of Australia. The forecast models incorporate a mix of monthly and quarterly macroeconomic time series. Forecast combination is used as an alternative to one multivariate model to improve accuracy of out‐of‐sample forecasts. This accuracy is evaluated with scoring functions, which are also used to construct adaptive weights for combining probability forecasts. This paper finds that combined forecasts outperform multivariable models. These results are robust to different sample sizes and estimation windows. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposal of a reference section and point for the Cambrian Series 2–3 boundary in the Mediterranean subprovince in Murero (NE Spain) and its intercontinental correlation
Authors: Gozalo Rodolfo , Álvarez María Eugenia Dies , Vintaned José Antonio Gámez , Zhuravlev Andrey Yu. , Bauluz Blanca , Subías Ignacio , Chirivella Martorell Juan B. , Mayoral Eduardo , Gursky Hans‐Jürgen , Andrés José Antonio , Liñán Eladio 
Published: December 2011

The classical lower‐middle Cambrian boundary is approximately equivalent with the boundary of the Cambrian Series 2 and 3, which is now in the process of definition by the International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy. Currently, there are two oryctocephalid trilobite species first appearance data (FAD) that are suggested as possible markers of this level: Ovatoryctocara granulata Tchernysheva, 1962 and Oryctocephalus indicus (Reed, 1910), respectively. Until now neither of these two species has been recorded in the Mediterranean subprovince or Baltica. As a result, in these regions a level potentially correlating with either the FAD of Ovatoryctocara granulata or Oryctocephalus indicus has to be located using the available bio‐, isotope‐, and event‐stratigraphy data.Carbon isotope signatures reveal global oceanic perturbations adjacent to the Cambrian Series 2 and Series 3 (former lower‐middle Cambrian) boundary. This event, first called the Valdemiedes Event (it was defined in Murero, NE Spain; Liñán et al., 1993a), caused a noticeable extinction of trilobites, mostly olenellids and protolenids (which were replaced in some regions by paradoxidids), as well as an almost complete extermination of some other early Cambrian marine animals. Both isotope and palaeontological evidence show that the disappearance of olenellids in Laurentia, protolenids in Siberia and the appearance of the first Acadoparadoxides in Western Gondwana, Baltica, Avalonia, and Siberia, which was formerly thought to be a series of diachronous regional perturbations, were nearly contemporaneous events. Features of a global ecological crisis and faunal replacement being taken together with a pronounced global δ13Corg negative excursion would serve as the best indicator of the lower boundary of the Cambrian Series 3 and Stage 5 in the Mediterranean subprovince and is correlatable with the Ovatoryctocara granulata FAD. Another δ13Corg negative excursion followed by a positive shift occurs at a slightly younger level, which coincides with a transgression maximum and roughly is coeval with the Oryctocephalus indicus FAD, also proposed as a possible base of the Cambrian Series 3. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytoplankton Cell Lysis after Water Bloom in a Eutrophic Freshwater Lake Taihu (China)
Authors: Ye Linlin , Shi Xiaoli , Wu Xiaodong , Kong Fanxiang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe phytoplankton lysis rates in the different eutrophic regions of Lake Taihu were determined based on the activities of particle and dissolved esterase, as well as the decay rate of the latter, from August 2009 to March 2010. Two peaks were observed for the chlorophyll a concentration, one in September 2009 and another in January 2010. The highest phytoplankton lysis rates observed in October were associated with the decay of the summer bloom, whereas the minimum lysis rates observed in January were associated with the winter bloom. The highest cell lysis rates in Meiliang Bay, Lake centre, and Gonghu Bay were 0.67, 0.77, and 0.68 d–1, respectively, whereas the lowest lysis rates in these regions were 0.03, 0.01, and 0.05 d–1, respectively. Water temperature showed an apparent indirect effect on lysis rate. In addition, a significant inverse relationship was observed between lysis rates and nitrate concentration in the three lake regions, which suggests that phytoplankton cell lysis is associated with changes in nitrate concentration. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Apa is a trimeric autotransporter adhesin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae responsible for autoagglutination and host cell adherence
Authors: Xiao Longwen , Zhou Liang , Sun Changjiang , Feng Xin , Du ChongTao , Gao Yu , Ji Qun , Yang Shuxin , Wang Yu , Han Wenyu , PR Langford , Lei Liancheng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, and adherence to host cells is a key step in the pathogenic process. Although trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) were identified in many pathogenic bacteria in recent years, none in A. pleuropneumoniae have been characterized. In this study, we identified a TAA from A. pleuropneumoniae, Apa, and characterized the contribution of its amino acid residues to the adhesion process. Sequence analysis of the C‐terminal amino acid residues of Apa revealed the presence of a putative translocator domain and six conserved HsfBD1‐like or HsfBD2‐like binding domains. Western blot analysis revealed that the 126 C‐terminal amino acids of Apa could form trimeric molecules. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, one of these six domains (ApaBD3) was determined to mediate adherence to epithelial cells. Adherence assays and adherence inhibition assays using a recombinant E. coli‐ ApaBD3 strain which expressed ApaBD3 on the surface of E. coli confirmed that this domain was responsible for the adhesion activity. Moreover, cellular enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays demonstrated that ApaBD3 mediated high‐level adherence to epithelial cell lines. Intriguingly, autoagglutination was observed with the E. coli‐ ApaBD3 strain, and this phenomenon was dependent upon the association of the expressed ApaBD3 with the C‐terminal translocator domain. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nutritional requirements and strain heterogeneity in Ashbya gossypii
Authors: Ribeiro Orquídea , Domingues Lucília , Penttilä Merja , Wiebe Marilyn G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractColony radial growth rates and specific growth rates of three related Ashbya gossypii strains ATCC10895, IMI31268, MUCL29450 and an unrelated strain, CBS109.26, were measured on various carbon and nitrogen sources at pH 4.5 and pH 6.5 to elucidate physiological growth requirements and strain differences. All strains grew on yeast extract or ammonium as nitrogen sources, but not on nitrate. Substantial growth at pH 4.5 was observed only on complex medium. D‐Glucose, glycerol and starch were utilised as carbon sources. Ethanol was produced during growth on glycerol. Conversion of xylose into xylitol demonstrates that the xylose reductase is active. Phenotypic differences between related strains were greater than expected. We demonstrate that A. gossypii utilizes ammonium as sole nitrogen source at pH 6.5, facilitating further physiological studies using chemically defined media in the future. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polypyrrole/polyamide electrospun‐based sorbent for microextraction in packed syringe of organophosphorous pesticides from aquatic samples
Authors: Bagheri Habib , Ayazi Zahra , Aghakhani Ali , Alipour Noshin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel method based on microextraction in packed syringe (MEPS) as sample preparation technique coupled off‐line with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed using electrospun nanofibers as sorbent. For electrospinning of polypyrrole/polyamide‐based nanofiber, a homogeneous solution containing nylon 6, ferric chloride and pyrrole monomer was prepared and then was drawn into a 2.5‐mL syringe. By applying a voltage of 13 kV between the needle of the syringe and an aluminum‐foil collector, the nanofibers could be formed on the surface of the collector. The prepared sheet was used as the sorbent for MEPS to analyze some selected organophosphorous pesticides. Important parameters influencing the extraction and desorption processes were optimized. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.04–0.1 ng/mL using time scheduled selected ion monitoring mode, and the relative standard deviation (RSD %) values with four replicates were in the range of 3.7–11.8% at a concentration level of 5 ng/mL. The linearity of the method was in the range of 0.5–500 ng/mL for diazinon and fenithrothion and 0.5–200 ng/mL for the rest of the analytes. The developed method was successfully applied to Zayandeh‐roud river water samples, whereas the matrix factors were in the range of 0.87–0.98.
Recipient-Donor race mismatch for African American liver transplant patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Saxena Varun , Lai Jennifer C. , O'Leary Jacqueline G. , Verna Elizabeth C. , Brown Robert S. , Stravitz Todd R. , Trotter James F. , Krishnan Kartik , Terrault Norah A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
African American (AA) recipient-donor race mismatch has been associated with graft loss and mortality, but studies of an association between race mismatch and hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease severity are lacking. HCV-infected adults from 4 US centers who underwent liver transplantation for the first time (n = 1093) were followed for a median of 3.05 years to determine the rates of advanced HCV disease (bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis) and graft failure; 11% of the patients were AA. The unadjusted cumulative rate of advanced fibrosis was higher in AAs than non-AAs (56% and 40% at 4 years, respectively, (P < 0.01), and 59% and 56% for AA recipient-donor–matched patients and AA recipient-donor–mismatched patients, respectively (P = 0.89). In adjusted models, both AA recipient race [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.06-2.03, P = 0.02] and AA recipient-donor mismatch (versus match; HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.03-2.12, P = 0.03) were significant predictors of advanced fibrosis; other independent predictors were donor age (HR = 1.21, P < 0.01) and cytomegalovirus infection (HR = 1.55, P < 0.01). The 4-year unadjusted cumulative rates for HCV-associated graft loss were 10% and 17% for non-AAs and AAs, respectively (P < 0.01), and 0% and 21% for AA recipient-donor–matched patients and AA recipient-donor–mismatched patients, respectively (P < 0.01). In adjusted models, AA recipient-donor–mismatched patients had a 62% higher rate of graft loss than non-AA recipients (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.14-2.29, P < 0.01), and AA recipient-donor–matched patients had a 76% lower rate of graft loss/mortality (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.06-0.97, P = 0.05). In conclusion, AA recipient-donor–mismatched patients who are infected with HCV are at high risk for advanced HCV disease and HCV-related graft loss and constitute a patient group that will benefit from new therapeutic strategies for preventing graft loss. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiation on the tumor burden before liver transplantation for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Panjala Chakri , Nguyen Justin H. , Al-Hajjaj Ali N. , Rosser Barry A. , Nakhleh Raouf E. , Bridges Mellena D. , Ko Stephen J. , Buskirk Steven J. , Kim George P. , Harnois Denise M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The very early experience with liver transplantation (LT) for cholangiocarcinoma (CC) was dismal because of the poor survival outcomes and the high recurrence rates. However, LT for CC in conjunction with neoadjuvant chemoradiation recently has shown encouraging results, although the data are extremely limited. At our institution between 2001 and 2008, 22 CC patients underwent protocol orthotopic LT at a median age of 45 years (range = 24-63 years). At a median follow-up of 601.5 days (range = 111-1388 days), the median survival time of the cohort was 3.3 years. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities were 90%, 70%, and 63%, respectively, whereas the historical 5-year survival rates were 0% to 18% for intrahepatic CC and 23% to 26% for extrahepatic CC when patients underwent transplantation without neoadjuvant therapy. These encouraging survival rates for patients with this type of tumor, which is difficult to diagnose and treat, are no less significant when they are compared to the national 1- and 3-year survival rates (86% and 68%, respectively) of patients undergoing deceased donor LT for malignant neoplasms of the liver (as reported by the United Network for Organ Sharing). In our series, disease recurrence was significantly associated with a larger residual tumor [6.3 versus 2.0 cm (mean values), P = 0.008] and with a shorter waiting time for LT after the chemoradiation protocol [18 versus 56 days (mean values), P = 0.04]. Our LT protocol for CC was found to be promising for patients with truly extrahepatic CC and for patients within stages I to IIB of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging system (100% survival at a median follow-up of 2.2 years), but the results were notably poor for patients with stage III extrahepatic CC (median survival = 1.2 years). These observations highlight the need for accurate preoperative staging of CC for ideal LT recipient selection and the importance of a low tumor burden and a longer wait after neoadjuvant therapy. More effective chemoradiation regimens for reducing the tumor burden and the appropriate timing of LT after neoadjuvant chemoradiation require further research. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Cumulative Risk of Cardiovascular Events After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Albeldawi Mazen , Aggarwal Ashish , Madhwal Surabhi , Cywinski Jacek , Lopez Rocio , Eghtesad Bijan , Zein Nizar N. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
As survival after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) improves, cardiovascular (CV) disease has emerged as the leading cause of non–graft-related deaths. The aims of our study were to determine the cumulative risk of CV events after OLT and to analyze predictive risk factors for those experiencing a CV event after OLT. We identified all adult patients who underwent OLT at our institution for end-stage liver disease between October 1996 and July 2008. The cumulative risk of CV events after OLT was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with CV events after OLT. In all, 775 patients were included in our study cohort (mean age of 53.3 years, female proportion = 44%, Caucasian proportion = 84%, median follow-up = 40 months). The most common indications for OLT were hepatitis C virus (33.2%), alcohol (14.5%), and cryptogenic cirrhosis (12.7%). Eighty-three patients suffered 1 or more CV events after OLT. Posttransplant metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in patients with CV events versus patients with no CV events (61.4% versus 34.1%, P < 0.001). According to a multivariate analysis, independent predictors of CV events were an older age at transplantation [odds ratio (OR) = 1.2, addition of 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-1.3, P = 0.006], male sex (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2-3.3, P = 0.01), posttransplant diabetes (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3-3.3, P = 0.003), posttransplant hypertension (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-3.0, P = 0.02), and mycophenolate mofetil (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3-3.2, P = 0.003). Among post-OLT patients, the cumulative risk at 5 years of 13.5%, respectively. In conclusion, cardiac complications after liver transplantation are common (Approximately 10% of patients experience 1 or move cv events). Patients with posttransplant hypertension and diabetes, which are modifiable risk factors, are approximately twice as likely to experience a CV event.
Liver Transpl 18:370–375, 2012.
© 2012 AASLD.