bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Your Rainbow Panorama – Ein begehbarer Regenbogen aus Stahl und Glas
Authors: Kahlert Wolfgang , Spangemacher Frank 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDas Dach des AroS Aarhus Kunstmuseum, Dänemark krönt seit Ende Mai 2011 in 40 m Höhe ein begehbarer Regenbogen mit einem Durchmesser von 52 m. Getragen von zwölf filigranen Stahlstützen, die sich gegen den Himmel kaum abzeichnen. Der begehbare Raum des Regenbogens wird gebildet von einer hybriden Glas‐Stahl‐Tragkonstruktion ausgebildet als Zylinderring. Die Verglasungen tragen dabei nicht nur das Dach, sondern steifen auch die Stahlbodenkonstruktion aus. Neben Knickbeanspruchungen wurden insbesondere auch verschiedene Ausfallszenarien für die Hybridkonstruktion untersucht. Die Farbigkeit erhält die Verglasung durch den Einsatz von bis zu sechs farbigen PVB‐Folien, die das Spektrum des Regenbogens durch 42 verschiedene Farbtöne abbilden.
Punktförmig gelagerte Verglasung nach E DIN 18008 Teil 3
Authors: Weller Bernhard , Reich Stefan , Engelmann Michael 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDie zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt in der Entwurfsfassung vorliegende, neue Glasbaubemessungsnorm E DIN 18008 Teil 3 erlaubt den rechnerischen Nachweis punktförmig gelagerter Verglasungen. Anhand eines gläsernen Eingangsbereiches werden die Berechnungsverfahren der neuen Norm vorgestellt. Diese umfassen sowohl analytische als auch numerische Verfahren. Im Beitrag erfährt dabei die numerische Abbildung und Modellverifizierung mit Hilfe universeller Baustatik‐Software eine besondere Beachtung. Die in den allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassungen der Punkthalterhersteller und der E DIN 180083 angegebenen Verifizierungsabläufe gewährleisten die Erstellung von realitätsnahen, numerischen Modellen punktförmig gelagerter Verglasungen.
Diseases of the tooth: the genetic and molecular basis of inherited anomalies affecting the dentition
Authors: Cobourne Martyn T. , Sharpe Paul T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn humans, inherited variation in the number, size, and shape of teeth within the dentitions are relatively common, while rarer defects of hard tissue formation, including amelogenesis and dentinogenesis imperfecta, and problems associated with tooth eruption are also seen. In many cases, these anomalies occur in isolation, but they can also present as a feature of numerous well‐characterized developmental syndromes. Complex reiterative signaling between the epithelium and mesenchyme is a feature of normal tooth development in the embryo, occurring from early patterning through morphogenesis, hard tissue formation and during root development. Significant events also occur during postnatal development of the dentition, including hard tissue maturation and tooth eruption. In the last decade, advances in human and mouse genetics have meant that in many cases candidate genes have been identified for these anomalies. These genes have provided a useful platform for developmental biologists, allowing them to begin elucidating how these signals interact to generate a functional dentition and understand the mechanisms underlying many of the anomalies that are seen in human populations. In this article, we review current concepts relating to the developmental biology of tooth number, size, and shape, formation of the dental hard tissues and eruption of the tooth into the oral cavity. We will focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes in both health and disease. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:183–212. doi: 10.1002/wdev.66This article is categorized under:

Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
Effects of soil physicochemical properties and stand age on fine root biomass and vertical distribution of plantation forests in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Chang Ruiying , Fu Bojie , Liu Guohua , Yao Xueling , Wang Shuai 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe responses of aboveground parts of the forest to changes in environmental factors and stand age is well studied, but the same is not true for the belowground parts of the forest. Two plantation black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) forest sites were taken in the Loess Plateau of China, one in the drier, infertile, more sandy area of the middle Loess Plateau, and another in the wetter, fertile, more clay‐filled area of the southern Loess Plateau. At each site, both a younger (8‐year‐old) plantation stand and an older (30‐year‐old) plantation stand were included to study the effects of soil physicochemical properties and stand age on the fine root (<2 mm) biomass and vertical distribution of black locust forests. Root samples were taken with soil cores to a depth of 100 cm. The fine root biomass decreased from the middle site to the southern site for both stand ages, as expected, and the decrease could be due to a higher fine root N concentration associated with a higher fine root turnover rate at the southern site. There was a similar rooting pattern, though not deeper, in the drier, sandy site as predicted based on soil water infiltration and evaporation demands. The different effects of stand characters (e.g., tree density, tree height) on the fine root distribution as compared with the environmental properties may contribute partly to the similar pattern found in the two sites. The fine root biomass increased with stand age in both sites. In contrast to the evident difference in fine root biomass, there was no clear trend in the fine root vertical distribution pattern with stand age. Our results indicate that fine roots are likely to respond to changes in soil physicochemical properties and stand age by changing fine root biomass rather than by varying rooting pattern.
Reliability of plain radiographic parameters for developmental dysplasia of the hip in children
Authors: Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Bomar James D. , Parikh Gaurav , Hosalkar Harish 
Published: May 2012

Introduction Few studies have evaluated the reliability and reproducibility of the femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA), center-edge angle (CEA), and acetabular index (AI) in young children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We wanted to determine whether these parameters could be used reliably by practitioners. Methods Fifty radiographs from 21 children with DDH were reviewed. Analysis was performed by three observers, at two time periods. The intra- and inter-observer reliability for each measure was assessed. Results At time period one, we noted a “high” level of agreement between observers when measuring the NSA, a “low” level when measuring the CEA, and a “moderate” level when measuring the AI. At time period two, we noted a “very high” level of agreement between observers when measuring the NSA and a “high” level when measuring the CEA and AI. When comparing the measurements of observer 1 at the two different time periods, we noted nearly “very high” agreement when measuring the NSA, a “moderate” agreement when measuring the CEA, and a “high” agreement for the AI. In comparing the measurements of observer 2, we noted “very high” agreement for the NSA and “high” agreement for the CEA and AI. In comparing the measurements for observer 3, we noted nearly “very high” agreement for the NSA, nearly “high” agreement for the CEA, and “high” agreement for the AI. Conclusion It is difficult to reliably measure three-dimensional pelvic morphology on a frontal plane radiograph, especially when important pelvic landmarks have yet to ossify.
Clinical Issues—June 2012
Authors: Van Wicklin Sharon A. 
Published: May 2012

This MonthUsing prepared endotracheal tubesKey words: endotracheal tubes, ETTs, prepared endotracheal tubes.Surgical hand antisepsis using plain soapKey words: plain soap, antimicrobial soap, surgical hand antisepsis, surgical hand scrub.Working with an impaired team memberKey words: impaired health care provider, substance abuse, patient advocate.Using warmed irrigation fluids during arthroscopy proceduresKey words: irrigation fluid, warmed fluids, arthroscopy, burns.
Different patterns of Robertsonian fusion pairing in Bovidae and the house mouse: the relationship between chromosome size and nuclear territories
Authors: WESCHE PHILIPP L. , ROBINSON TERENCE J. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryUsing a dataset of karyotypic changes reported for bovids and the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) together with information from the cattle (Bos taurus) and mouse genomes, we examined two principal variables that have been proposed to predict chromosomal positioning in the nucleus, chromosome size and GC content. These were expected to influence the distribution of Robertsonian (Rb) fusions, the predominant mode of chromosomal change in both taxa. We found the largest chromosomes to be most frequently involved in fusions in bovids, and confirm earlier reports that chromosomes of intermediate size were the most frequent fusers in mice. We then tested whether chromosomal positioning can explain Rb fusion frequencies. We classified chromosomes into groups by size and considered the frequency of interactions between specific groups. Among the interactions, mouse chromosomes showed a slight tendency to fuse with neighbouring chromosomes, in line with expectations of chromosomal positioning, but also resembling predictions from meiotic spindle-induced bias. Bovids, on the other hand, showed no trend in interactions, with small chromosomes being the least frequent partner for all size classes. We discuss the results in terms of nuclear organization at various cell cycle stages and the proposed mechanisms of Rb fusion formation, and note that the difference can be explained by (i) considering bovid species generally to be characterized by a greater intermingling of chromosomal size classes than the house mouse, or (ii) by the vastly different timescales underpinning their evolutionary histories.
Potential roles of stem cells in the management of sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Ibekwe T S , Ramma L , Chindo B A 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:In the management of sensorineural hearing loss, effective therapy for degenerated hair cells, third order neurons, ganglions, dendrites and synaptic areas of the vestibulo-cochleo-cerebral pathway remains an enigma. Transplantation of stem and progenitor cells appears to be an emerging potential solution, and is the focus of this review.Aim:To review recent developments in the management of sensorineural hearing loss in the field of stem cell research.Materials and method:A systematic review of the English language literature included all experimental and non-experimental studies with a Jadad score of three or more, published between 2000 and 2010 and included in the following databases: Cochrane Library Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders; Medline; Google Scholar; Hinari; and the Online Library of Toronto University.Results:Of the 455 and 29 600 articles identified from Medline and Google Scholar, respectively, 48 met the inclusion criteria. These were independently reviewed and jointly analysed.Conclusion:Although there is not yet any evidence from successful human studies, stem cell and ‘alternative stem cell’ technology seems to represent the future of sensorineural hearing loss management.
The Role of Photography in the Protection, Identification, and Recovery of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Mattern Eleanor 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article seeks to contribute to the study surrounding documentation and the illicit trade in cultural property by examining the uses of photography by the international community. Popular and academic literature, news reports, and online databases reveal three primary and interconnected relationships that exist between photography and the trade of cultural heritage. This article presents photography as, first, an aid for the protection and identification of cultural heritage and, second, as a form of evidence to support an ownership claim by a country calling for repatriation.
Investigation of prevalence and risk factors forCampylobacterin broiler flocks at slaughter: results from a UK survey
Authors: LAWES J. R. , VIDAL A. , CLIFTON-HADLEY F. A. , SAYERS R. , RODGERS J. , SNOW L. , EVANS S. J. , POWELL L. F. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYDuring 2007–2009 a UK-wide, 3-year stratified randomized survey of UK chicken broiler flocks was conducted to estimate the prevalence ofCampylobacter-infected batches of birds at slaughter. Thirty-seven abattoirs, processing 88·3% of the total UK slaughter throughput, were recruited at the beginning of the survey. Of the 1174 slaughter batches sampled, 79·2% were found to be colonized withCampylobacter, the majority of isolates beingC. jejuni. Previous partial depopulation of the flock [odds ratio (OR) 5·21], slaughter in the summer months (categorized as June, July and August; OR 14·27) or autumn months (categorized as September, October and November; OR 1·70) increasing bird age (40–41 days, OR 3·18; 42–45 days, OR 3·56; ⩾46 days, OR 13·43) and higher recent mortality level in the flock (1·00–1·49% mortality, OR 1·57; ⩾1·49% mortality, OR 2·74) were all identified as significant risk factors forCampylobactercolonization of the birds at slaughter. Time in transit to the slaughterhouse of more than 2·5 h was identified as a protective factor (OR 0·52).
Excess body fat in obese and normal-weight subjects
Authors: Thomas E. Louise , Frost Gary , Taylor-Robinson Simon D. , Bell Jimmy D. 
Published: May 2012

Excess body adiposity, especially abdominal obesity and ectopic fat accumulation, are key risk factors in the development of a number of chronic diseases. The advent ofin vivoimaging methodologies that allow direct assessment of total body fat and its distribution have been pivotal in this process. They have helped to identify a number of sub-phenotypes in the general population whose metabolic risk factors are not commensurate with their BMI. At least two such sub-phenotypes have been identified: subjects with normal BMI, but excess intra-abdominal (visceral) fat (with or without increased ectopic fat) and subjects with elevated BMI (> 25 kg/m2) but low visceral and ectopic fat. The former sub-phenotype is associated with adverse metabolic profiles, while the latter is associated with a metabolically normal phenotype, despite a high BMI. Here, examples of these phenotypes are presented and the value of carrying out enhanced phenotypical characterisation of subjects in interventional studies discussed.
Socio-economic and demographic determinants of childhood obesity prevalence in Greece: the GRECO (Greek Childhood Obesity) study
Authors: Farajian Paul , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B , Risvas Grigoris , Karasouli Konstantina , Bountziouka Vasiliki , Voutzourakis Nikolaos , Zampelas Antonis 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveGiven the rapid increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity, identifying the sociodemographic influences on obesity status is important for planning and implementing effective prevention initiatives. However, this type of data is limited for Greek children. Therefore the aim of the present study was to identify possible sociodemographic factors associated with childhood obesity at the national level.DesignCross-sectional, population-based survey, carried out from October to May 2009.SettingUnder the context of the GRECO (Greek Childhood Obesity) study, a nationwide sample of 2315 primary-school children.SubjectsChildren aged 10–12 years and their parents were voluntarily enrolled. Direct anthropometric measurements of the children were obtained and information on sociodemographic characteristics of the parents, as well as their self-reported values of body weight and height, were collected.ResultsOverweight and obesity prevalence was 29·5 % and 13·1 %, respectively, among boys; 29·5 % and 9·0 %, respectively, among girls. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important sociodemographic predictors of childhood obesity were mother's age, parental BMI classification and father's type of occupation. More specifically, increased mother's age and normal BMI status of the parents seemed to have a protective effect on the likelihood of having an overweight/obese child. Additionally, the odds of a female child of being overweight/obese were reduced when the father's type of occupation tended to be less manual.ConclusionsAnti-obesity health policy interventions have to address to the parents and promote their active involvement, to effectively confront the alarming magnitude of the paediatric obesity problem in Greece.
Measurement error of waist circumference: gaps in knowledge
Authors: Verweij Lisanne M , Terwee Caroline B , Proper Karin I , Hulshof Carel TJ , van Mechelen Willem 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveIt is not clear whether measuring waist circumference in clinical practice is problematic because the measurement error is unclear, as well as what constitutes a clinically relevant change. The present study aimed to summarize what is known from state-of-the-art research.DesignTo identify the magnitude of the measurement error of waist circumference measurements from the literature, a search was conducted in PubMed from 1975 to February 2011.ResultsThe measurement error may vary between 0·7 cm and 15 cm. Taking a realistic range of measurable waist circumference into account (60–135 cm), we argue that a short-term clinically relevant change in waist circumference of 5 % may lie between 3·0 and 6·8 cm and a maintained clinically relevant change of 3 % between 1·8 and 4·1 cm.ConclusionsBased on these results, we conclude it may be difficult to distinguish clinically relevant change from measurement error in individual subjects, due to the large measurement error and unclear definition of clinically relevant change. More research is needed to address these gaps in knowledge. To minimize measurement error, we recommend using a uniform measurement protocol, training and repeated measurements.
Overcoming Historical Injustices: Land Reconciliation in South Africa. By James L. Gibson
Authors: Nalepa Monika 
Published: May 2012

Overcoming Historical Injustices: Land Reconciliation in South Africa. By James L. Gibson. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 328p. $92.00.All three of James Gibson's books on transitional justice in South Africa focus on showing that the politics of reconciliation with the Apartheid regime are less related to economic “self-interest” than to “sociotropic fairness.” On close examination, Gibson concludes that an individual's preferences about land reconciliation are not a direct function of egocentric instrumentalism. Rather, in his view, they are shaped by conceptions of whether one's group has been fairly treated.
Social integration in global mental health: what is it and how can it be measured?
Authors: Baumgartner J. N. , Susser E. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose.Global mental health movements increasingly highlight social integration as a key outcome for mental health services. This creates a pressing need to better articulate and measure this outcome. Much of the work in social integration thus far has been in high-income countries (HIC), and is not directly applicable across diverse socio-cultural environments. We discuss promising concepts and measures of social integration with potential for global cross-cultural application. Then, we present some of the challenges of developing measures for global and cross-cultural use, and suggest ways to confront these challenges. Although we focus primarily on adults with severe mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the questions we raise are also relevant to children, other mental disorders and HIC.Findings.We identify and describe four distinct conceptual frameworks for social integration that have emerged over the past decade. Then, we discuss the challenge of developing corresponding measures, and the further challenge of developing global cross-cultural measures. We suggest that a key concept shared across much previous and emerging work is active participation in community and civic life. As a platform for future development of global cross-cultural measures of this and other concepts, we propose guidelines and present examples of feasible, previously used strategies.Summary.Emerging concepts of social integration hold great promise, but as yet, there are no corresponding measures suitable for global cross-cultural use. We propose that it is feasible to develop such measures, and that their development will facilitate the advance of community mental health services and the science of global mental health.
The disease entity in psychiatry: fact or fiction?
Authors: Jablensky A. 
Published: May 2012

Background.The current debate concerning the forthcoming revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) lacks sufficient historical perspective on groundwork concepts in psychiatry, such as the nature of the disease entity, categorical typologies, dimensional models and their validity and utility.Objective.To offer an overview of the evolution and metamorphoses of the conceptual basis of classification in psychiatry, with particular focus on psychotic disorders.Method.Discursive, proceeding from history of ideas to a critique of present dilemmas.Results.Much of the present-day discussion of basic issues concerning the classification of mental disorders is a replay of debates that took place in the earlier periods of scientific psychiatry.Conclusion.The mainstream nosological paradigm adopted in psychiatry since early 20th century is in need to be critically examined and transcended with the help of concepts and methodological tools available today.
Anaerobic oxidation of methane in tropical and boreal soils: Ecological significance in terrestrial methane cycling
Authors: Blazewicz Steven J. , Petersen Dorthe G. , Waldrop Mark P. , Firestone Mary K. 
Published: May 2012

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a considerable sink for the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) in marine systems, but the importance of this process in terrestrial systems is less clear. Lowland boreal soils and wet tropical soils are two hot spots for CH4 cycling, yet AOM has been essentially uncharacterized in these systems. We investigated AOM in soils from sites in Alaska and Puerto Rico. Isotope tracers were utilized in vitro to enable the simultaneous quantification of CH4 production and consumption without use of biological inhibitors. Boreal peat soil and tropical mineral soil oxidized small but significant quantities of CH4 to CO2 under anoxic conditions (p < 0.001). Potential AOM rates were 21 ± 2 nmol gdw−1 d−1 and 2.9 ± 0.5 nmol gdw−1 d−1 for the boreal and tropical soils, respectively. The addition of terminal electron acceptors (NO3−, Fe(III), and SO42−) inhibited AOM and methanogenesis in both soils. In all incubations, CH4 production occurred simultaneously with AOM, and CH4 production rates were always greater than AOM rates. There was a strong correlation between the quantity of CH4 produced and the amount of CH4 oxidized under anoxic conditions (Alaska: r = 0.875, p < 0.0001; Puerto Rico: r = 0.817, p < 0.0001). CH4 oxidation under anoxic conditions was biological and likely mediated by methanogenic archaea. While only a small percentage of the total CH4 produced in these soils was oxidized under anoxic conditions (0.3% and 0.8% for Alaskan and Puerto Rican Soils), this process is important to understand since it could play a measurable role in controlling net CH4 flux.