bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sense of community as construct and theory: authors' response to McMillan
Authors: Nowell Branda , Boyd Neil 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this article, we respond to criticisms posed by McMillan (2011) of our recent paper, “Viewing Community as Responsibility as well as a Resource: Deconstructing the Theoretical Roots of Psychological Sense of Community.” We clarify that the focus of our article was to explore the macro theoretical frameworks and second‐order assumptions that have guided the measurement and study of the psychological sense of community (PSOC) construct to date. We then correct McMillan's mischaracterization of our work as a normative theory by clarifying that our thesis was not that PSOC is a value – but rather that (a) people have values and belief systems, and (b) these belief systems may interact with aspects of a community context to evoke a sense of responsibility for a community to which one belongs. We conclude by reviewing key areas of shared agreement concerning responsibility aspects of PSOC that may serve as a foundation for guiding future research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retinopathy of prematurity: Understanding and managing the risks of remote retinal imaging
Authors: Annolino Heather 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRemote imaging improves access to care and decreases the necessity for on‐site evaluation by an ophthalmologist. Currently, established criteria do not exist delineating when the use of retinal photography and telemedicine is appropriate, rather than a dilated indirect ophthalmoscopic examination. This article will discuss the risk management strategies that practitioners and healthcare organizations should employ to protect both themselves and patients before adopting this technology.
Effect of disease progression on liver apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 values in a murine model of hepatic fibrosis at 11.7 Tesla MRI
Authors: Anderson Stephan W. , Jara Hernan , Ozonoff Al , O'Brien Michael , Hamilton James A. , Soto Jorge A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the effects of hepatic fibrosis on ADC and T2 values of ex vivo murine liver specimens imaged using 11.7 Tesla (T) MRI.Materials and Methods:This animal study was IACUC approved. Seventeen male, C57BL/6 mice were divided into control (n = 2) and experimental groups (n = 15), the latter fed a 3, 5‐dicarbethoxy‐1, 4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) supplemented diet, inducing hepatic fibrosis. Ex vivo liver specimens were imaged using an 11.7T MRI scanner. Spin‐echo pulsed field gradient and multi‐echo spin‐echo acquisitions were used to generate parametric ADC and T2 maps, respectively. Degrees of fibrosis were determined by the evaluation of a pathologist as well as digital image analysis. Scatterplot graphs comparing ADC and T2 to degrees of fibrosis were generated and correlation coefficients were calculated.Results:Strong correlation was found between degrees of hepatic fibrosis and ADC with higher degrees of fibrosis associated with lower hepatic ADC values. Moderate correlation between hepatic fibrosis and T2 values was seen with higher degrees of fibrosis associated with lower T2 values.Conclusion:Inverse relationships between degrees of fibrosis and both ADC and T2 are seen, highlighting the utility of these parameters in the ongoing development of an MRI methodology to quantify hepatic fibrosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:140‐146. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI findings of early hepatocellular carcinoma as defined by new histologic criteria
Authors: Rhee Hyungjin , Kim Myeong‐Jin , Park Young Nyun , Choi Jin‐Sub , Kim Kyung‐Sik 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To describe the imaging features of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI (Gd‐EOB‐MRI) in comparison with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examinations.Materials and Methods:We analyzed imaging findings of 19 pathologically proven early HCC lesions in 15 patients who underwent both MDCT and Gd‐EOB‐MRI at 3.0 Tesla (T) units before surgery. MRI included in‐phase and out‐of‐phase T1‐weighted dual‐echo gradient‐recalled‐echo sequences, dynamic T1‐weighted images before and after bolus injection of gadoxetic acid disodium, fat‐saturated T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequences, and T1‐weighted hepatobiliary phase images 20 min after contrast injection. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated the signal intensities and enhancement features on MRI and MDCT.Results:None of the lesions displayed arterial enhancement and washout on MDCT. On Gd‐EOB‐MRI, six (32%) lesions showed T2‐hyperintensity, five (26%) lesions showed signal drop on opposed‐phase. Three lesions (16%) showed arterial enhancement and washout. Twelve (63%), 13 (68%), and 15 (79%) lesions were hypointense on hepatic venous, equilibrium, and hepatobiliary phase, respectively.Conclusion:Most early HCCs did not show arterial enhancement and washout pattern on both MDCT and Gd‐EOB‐MRI. Gd‐EOB‐MRI may provide several ancillary findings for diagnosis of early HCC such as decreased hepatobiliary uptake, T2 hyperintensity and signal drop in opposed phase. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;393‐398. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy and safety of acute injection laryngoplasty for vocal cord paralysis following thoracic surgery
Authors: Graboyes Evan M. , Bradley Joseph P. , Meyers Bryan F. , Nussenbaum Brian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of injection laryngoplasty using a temporary injectable agent in the acute setting for patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis following thoracic surgical procedures.Study Design:Retrospective consecutive case series in an academic institution.Methods:Inclusion criteria included patients acutely treated with injection laryngoplasty from January 1, 2006, to March 31, 2010, for a unilateral vocal cord paralysis that occurred after a thoracic surgical procedure (N = 20). All patients were injected with Radiesse Voice Gel using microlaryngoscopy technique.Results:The mean time to vocal cord injection from the time of thoracic surgery was 4.5 days. There was one operative‐related complication of intraoperative bile reflux that caused a pneumonitis. Ninety percent of patients were recommended for strict nothing by mouth prior to injection. Of these, 94% were allowed an oral diet following injection, and 67% tolerated a regular diet. None of the patients required subsequent procedures for aspiration or dysphagia, and 25% required further intervention after discharge for persistent dysphonia. Patients with a known nerve transection had a higher rate of dysphonia requiring further surgical procedures than those who did not have a known nerve transection.Conclusions:Acute treatment of thoracic surgery‐related unilateral vocal cord paralysis with injection laryngoplasty appears safe and effective at preventing postoperative aspiration pneumonia and improves swallowing function to allow resumption of an oral diet. A single injection is often the only required treatment.
Double‐bend needle modification for transthyrohyoid vocal fold injection
Authors: Achkar Jihad , Song Phillip , Andrus Jennifer , Franco Ramon 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOur objective was to describe an injection needle modification for awake in‐office vocal fold injections through a percutaneous transthyrohyoid approach. Two separate 45° angle bends are created at the hub and 1 cm from the needle tip of a 25‐gauge, 1.5‐inch needle. After adequate endolaryngeal anesthesia, the needle is passed via the thyrohyoid membrane into the airway. The needle tip is at a 90° angle to the syringe, providing access to the entire vocal fold surface, regardless of chin position or thyroid cartilage angulation. The bend at 1 cm also serves as a marker to measure the depth of the needle within the soft tissue. The double‐bend needle modification allows for complete access to the entire length of the true vocal fold in one pass as well as a marker to measure depth of the needle in the tissue. Limitations may include bleeding from the injection site, insufficient needle length in patients with a long anterior‐posterior dimension of the larynx, and potential difficulty passing a needle through a calcified thyrohyoid membrane. Laryngoscope, 2012
Scientific attributes of a researcher and member of the triological society
Authors: Berke Gerald S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis presidential address discusses the comments from the first Mayo Clinic's Chair, Harold Lille, MD, regarding different contributions by members of The Triological Society in his 1939 presidential address. It then goes on to discuss scientific research attributes expected of members of the Society that were gleaned from a fusion of Dr. Berke's notions with what other famous researchers, inventors, and philosophers have said about aspects of research. The areas covered include research motivation, the process of research, the scientific method, imagination, intuition and luck, questioning in science, tenacity, ideas, and knowledge. In summary, the following are the expected attributes of a researcher and member of the Society. The individual should enjoy the creation of new knowledge and appreciate the mysteries of life and the joy of discoveries. He or she should be a staunch supporter of the scientific method, but should also understand that every researcher is a professional amateur, and that the process of research is often fraught with blind alleys and incorrect ideas and assumptions, and that ultimately hypotheses must be substantiated by experiments. A researcher must exhibit imagination and intuition augmented by tenacity and scientific questioning. Finally, he or she should recognize that chance favors the prepared mind, and always be on the lookout for novel ideas framed by a comprehension of existing knowledge, not just in one domain but across a broad horizon of disciplines.
Of dogs and men: Comparative biology as a tool for the discovery of novel biomarkers and drug development targets in osteosarcoma
Authors: Rankin Kenneth S. , Starkey Mike , Lunec John , Gerrand Craig H. , Murphy Sue , Biswas Swethajit 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe similarities between human and canine osteosarcoma with regard to histology, biological behavior and molecular genetic alterations suggest that the dog provides a supplementary model for the development and preclinical testing of novel therapeutics. Counter intuitively, careful examination of the differences between OS in the two species may also be rewarding in terms of increasing our understanding of the pathogenesis of this cancer. This review will discuss the arguments in favor of the “dog model” and outline how the evaluation of treatment strategies in dogs has indicated avenues for improvement of protocols for human patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 327–333. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical significance of NTRK family gene expression in neuroblastomas
Authors: Light Jennifer E. , Koyama Hiroshi , Minturn Jane E. , Ho Ruth , Simpson Anisha M. , Iyer Radhika , Mangino Jennifer L. , Kolla Venkatadri , London Wendy B. , Brodeur Garrett M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastomas (NBs) are characterized by clinical heterogeneity, from spontaneous regression to relentless progression. The pattern of NTRK family gene expression contributes to these disparate behaviors. TrkA/NTRK1 is expressed in favorable NBs that regress or differentiate, whereas TrkB/NTRK2 and its ligand brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are co‐expressed in unfavorable NBs, representing an autocrine survival pathway. We determined the significance of NTRK family gene expression in a large, representative set of primary NBs.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed the expression of the following genes in 814 NBs using quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR): NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3, P75/NGFR, nerve growth factor (NGF), BDNF, IGFR1, and EGFR. Expression (high vs. low) was dichotomized by median expression value and compared to clinical and biological variables as well as outcome.ResultsHigh NTRK1 expression was strongly correlated with favorable age, stage, MYCN status, histology, ploidy, risk group, and outcome (P < 0.0001 for all). However, it did not add significantly to the panel of prognostic variables currently used for cooperative group trials. NTRK2 expression was associated with risk factors but not with outcome. High NGF expression was also associated with most risk factors and weakly with unfavorable outcome.ConclusionsHigh expression of NTRK1 is strongly associated with favorable risk factors and outcome in a large, representative population of NB patients. It did not add significantly to the current risk prediction algorithm, but it may contribute to future expression classifiers. Indeed, prospective assessment of NTRK1 and NTRK2 expression will identify tumors that would be candidates for NTRK‐targeted therapy, either alone or in combination with conventional agents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:226–232. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of Nylon 66 nanofibrilmat interleaved carbon/epoxy laminates
Authors: Hamer Shay , Leibovich Herman , Green Anthony , Intrater Ron , Avrahami Ron , Zussman Eyal , Siegmann Arnon , Sherman Dov 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCarbon/epoxy laminates interleaved with laboratory scale electrospun Nylon 66 nanofibrilmat and spunbonded nonwoven mats were investigated. The effect of the nanoscale fibers on the fracture toughness of the composite under pure Mode I loading was evaluated. It was shown that the nanofibrilmat is responsible for a major interlaminar fracture toughness improvement, as high as 255–322%, compared to a noninterleaved carbon/epoxy reference laminate. We further studied the improvement mechanism of the electrospun nanofibrilmat compared to a commercial spunbonded nonwoven Nylon 66 mat. A combination of two interlayer fracture mechanisms responsible for the toughness improvement is suggested: the first is related to the high energy dissipated by bridged thermoplastic nanofibers and the second is attributed to the generation of a plastic zone near the crack tip. The interlaminar fracture mechanisms of both electrospun nanofibrilmat and the nonwoven mat interleaving was analyzed and discussed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
High‐performance EMI shielding materials based on short carbon fiber‐filled ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer, and their blends
Authors: Rahaman Mostafizur , Chaki Tapan Kumar , Khastgir Dipak 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe composites of carbon fiber with EVA, NBR, and their blends have been made by melt mixing technique. Stress–strain plots of different composites show that the necking phenomenon is increasing with the increase in fiber concentration in the polymer matrix. The scanning electron microscopic analysis and swelling study exhibit poor interaction between the short carbon fiber and polymer matrix. The decrease in DC resistivity with the increase in short carbon fiber concentration has been explained on the basis of percolation theory. EMI SE increases slightly with the increase in frequency of electromagnetic radiation but increases sharply with the increase in fiber concentration. EMI SE also depends on blend composition and increases with the increase in EVA concentration in the blend. Return loss is decreasing but absorption loss is increasing with the increase in fiber loading. A linear relationship is observed between the EMI SE and thickness of the composites. The EMI SE is found to increase exponentially with the increase in conductivity of the composite. The permeability value is decreasing with the increase in frequency as well as fiber loading. Thermal properties of the composites have been evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Polyacrylonitrile/acrylamide‐based carbon fibers prepared using a solvent‐free coagulation process: Fiber properties and its structure evolution during stabilization and carbonization
Authors: Yusof N. , Ismail A.F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile (PAN)/acrylamide (AM) fibers were fabricated via dry‐jet wet spinning process using a solvent‐free coagulation bath. The effects of AM loading as comonomer on the mechanical and thermal properties of PAN‐based carbon fiber have been studied. The thermal stability and mechanical stability of the fibers were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile testing. Fibers fabricated from PAN with 5 wt% AM had the highest Young Modulus at 5.54 GPa. It also showed better exothermic trend process with broader exothermic peak and lower initiation stabilization temperature compared with homopolymer PAN. The elemental composition and chemical structure evolution of the fibers during the heat treatment processes were evaluated by elemental analyzer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Crystal structure evolution of the fibers during the heat treatment process was elucidated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The elemental analyzer, XRD and FTIR results revealed that pyrolysis process used had successfully transformed PAN/AM fibers produced from solvent free coagulation bath into carbon fibers that were comparable with the conventional coagulation bath. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Life prediction for CIGS solar modules part 1: modeling moisture ingress and degradation
Authors: Coyle Dennis J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA model is developed for the diffusion of moisture into a solar module package and the subsequent degradation of copper indium gallium di‐selenide (CIGS) solar cells. It is based on time‐dependent mass and energy balances governing module temperature and the diffusion of water through a module package subjected to weather conditions. The moisture ingress calculations are coupled to an experimentally determined degradation model for CIGS solar cells, where the degradation rate is proportional to the encapsulant degree of saturation. Extensive results are presented for module conditions of temperature and relative humidity for four benchmark climates. Detailed predictions are presented for moisture ingress, module degradation and life as functions of the climate, mounting, packaging materials, configuration, and the kinetics of cell degradation. The results clearly show how the moisture ingress and degradation scale with the climate and the characteristic package diffusion half‐time. This time constant determines the rate at which the module approaches the environment's average humidity. In order to keep enough of the moisture out of the package to significantly slow the degradation for a target number of years, diffusion half‐times approximately equal to the target years must be achieved, which typically translates into moisture barriers of 10−4 g/m2 day or better at 25°C—a formidable challenge. In the diffusion‐controlled regime, the life depends on the square root of package permeability and cell degradation rate. Estimated acceleration factors for damp heat (85°C/85% RH) versus Miami are nonlinear and range from 10X to 700X, depending on the package and cell degradation kinetics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular engineering of conjugated polymers for solar cells and field‐effect transistors: Side‐chain versus main‐chain electron acceptors
Authors: Chang Dong Wook , Ko Seo‐Jin , Kim Gi‐Hwan , Bae Seo‐Yoon , Kim Jin Young , Dai Liming , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo model polymers, containing fluorene as an electron‐donating moiety and benzothiadiazole (BT) as an electron‐accepting moiety, have been synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. Both polymers are composed of the same chemical composition, but the BT acceptor can be either at a side‐chain (i.e., S‐polymer) or along the polymer main chain (i.e., M‐polymer). Their optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties, together with the field‐effect transistor (FET) characteristics, have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The FET carrier mobilities were estimated to be 5.20 × 10−5 and 3.12 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the S‐polymer and M‐polymer, respectively. Furthermore, polymeric solar cells (PSCs) with the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/S‐polymer or M‐polymer:PC71BM(1:4)/Al structure were constructed and demonstrated to show a power conversion efficiency of 0.82 and 1.24% for the S‐polymer and M‐polymer, respectively. The observed superior device performances for the M‐polymer in both FET and PSCs are attributable to its relatively low band‐gap and close molecular packing for efficient solar light harvesting and charge transport. This study provides important insights into the design of ideal structure–property relationships for conjugate polymers in FETs and PSCs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Investigation of surface and sub‐surface damage in high quality synthetic diamonds by X‐ray reflectivity and grazing incidence in‐plane diffraction
Authors: Bussone Genziana , Lafford Tamzin A. , Masiello Fabio , Gibaud Alain , Carbone Gerardina , Schülli Tobias U. , Connell Simon H. , Rommeveaux Amparo Vivo , Wormington Matthew , Härtwig Jürgen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHigh quality single‐crystal synthetic diamond is the most suitable material for selected X‐ray optical applications in the latest generation X‐ray light sources. Excellent heat handling properties, as well as low absorption, coupled with high perfection in the crystal bulk and very good surface quality, are crucial for such applications. In recent years, some progress has been made in the fields of surface treatments and growth techniques. Conventional scaife polishing is largely ineffective on the diamond (111) surface. To overcome this disadvantage, one possibility is to use the Hot Metal polishing technique. An investigation of surface and sub‐surface damage of Hot Metal polished and cleaved surfaces, has been carried out using depth‐sensitive non‐destructive X‐ray techniques. The near surface crystalline quality was studied as a function of depth using in‐plane grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction. Additionally, X‐ray reflectivity was used to investigate the density, thickness and roughness of near‐surface layers. The measurements enable us to estimate the thickness of the affected sub‐surface layer.
Charge transfer in conjugated oligomers encapsulated into carbon nanotubes
Authors: Almadori Y. , Alvarez L. , Arenal R. , Babaa R. , Michel T. , Le Parc R. , Bantignies J.‐L. , Jouselme B. , Palacin S. , Hermet P. , Sauvajol J.‐.L 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study deals with a hybrid system consisting in quaterthiophene derivative encapsulated inside single‐walled and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. Investigations of the encapsulation step are performed by transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy data point out different behaviors depending on the laser excitation energy with respect to the optical absorption of quaterthiophene. At low excitation energy (far from the oligomer resonance window) there is no significant modification of the Raman spectra before and after encapsulation. By contrast, at high excitation energy (close to the oligomer resonance window), Raman spectra exhibit a G‐band shift together with an important RBM intensity loss, suggesting a significant charge transfer between the inserted molecule and the host nanotubes. Those results suggest a photo induced process leading to a significant charge transfer.