bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural changes when actions change: Adaptation of strong and weak expectations
Authors: Schiffer Anne‐Marike , Ahlheim Christiane , Ulrichs Kirstin , Schubotz Ricarda I. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRepeated experiences with an event create the expectation that subsequent events will expose an analog structure. These spontaneous expectations rely on an internal model of the event that results from learning. But what happens when events change? Do experience‐based internal models get adapted instantaneously, or is model adaptation a function of the solidity of, i.e., familiarity with, the corresponding internal model? The present fMRI study investigated the effects of model solidity on model adaptation in an action observation paradigm. Subjects were made acquainted with a set of action movies that displayed an altered script when encountered again in the scanning session. We found model adaptation to result in an attenuation of the premotor‐parietal network for action observation. Model solidity was found to modulate activation in the parahippocampal gyrus and the anterior cerebellar lobules, where increased solidity correlated with activity increase. Finally, the comparison between early and late stages of learning indicated an effect of model solidity on adaptation rate. This contrast revealed the involvement of a fronto‐mesial network of Brodmann area 10 and the ACC in those states of learning that were signified by high model solidity, no matter if the memorized original or the altered action model was the more solid component. Findings suggest that the revision of an internal model is dependent on its familiarity. Unwarranted adaptations, but also perseverations may thus be prevented. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quercetin in elimination of tumor initiating stem‐like and mesenchymal transformation property in head and neck cancer
Authors: Chang Wen–Wei , Hu Fang–Wei , Yu Cheng–Chia , Wang Hsiu–Huan , Feng Hsiang–Pu , Lan Chih , Tsai Lo–Lin , Chang Yu–Chao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, we enriched a subpopulation of head and neck cancer–derived tumor initiating cells (HNC‐TICs) presented high tumorigenic, chemo‐radioresistant, and coupled with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanisms of quercetin on HNC‐TICs.MethodALDH1 activity of head and neck cancer cells with quercetin treatment was assessed by the Aldefluor assay flow cytometry analysis. Self‐renewal, invasiveness, and EMT capability of HNC‐TICs with different doses of quercetin was presented.ResultsWe first observed that the treatment of quercetin significantly downregulated the ALDH1 activity of head and neck cancer cells in a dose‐dependent manner (p < .05). Moreover, quercetin reduced self‐renewal property and stemness signatures expression in head and neck cancer‐derived sphere cells. The migration ability of head and neck cancer‐derived sphere cells was lessened under quercetin treatment partially due to the decreased productions of Twist, N‐cadherin, and vimentin.ConclusionQuercetin suppressing HNC‐TICs characteristics may therefore be valuable therapeutics clinically in combination with standard treatment modalities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Prudential, Pragmatic, and Prescient, Reform of Bank Resolution Schemes
Authors: Sarra Janis 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article examines current initiatives in respect of bank financial distress in response to the 2008‐2009 financial crisis, suggesting that there is considerably more work to be undertaken before bank regulatory oversight, bank corporate governance, and bank resolution regimes have the appropriate preventive safeguards, governance, and timely, efficient and fair responses to bank financial distress. The corporate governance of banks and other financial institutions differs from the governance of corporations because of prudential regulation, banks' significance to the financial system, the different nature of stakeholders with investments at risk, and the existence of deposit insurance. The article offers a number of policy options in respect of how banks and other financial institutions could enhance their prudential, prescient, and pragmatic oversight and governance in a way that protects creditors, deposit holders, and other stakeholders, as well as the public interest in a healthy and sustainable financial sector. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the covalently immobilized amyloglucosidase on macroporous polymer by mathematical modeling of the pH optima
Authors: Milosavić Nenad , Bogdanović Pristov Jelena , Veličković Dušan V. , Dimitrijević Aleksandra S. , Kalauzi Aleksandar , Radotić Ksenija 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: A totally new approach has been applied for mathematical modeling of the enzyme activity/pH relationship, for quantification and distribution of enzyme activity in and out of carrier pores. This is a very simple and elegant method for determination of the distribution of enzyme molecules on the surface and inside the particles, simply through measurement of enzyme activity at different pH values.RESULTS: Amyloglucosidase (AG) from Aspergillus niger was covalently immobilized onto poly(GMA‐co‐EGDMA) by the glutaraldehyde and periodate methods. Mathematical modeling of the pH optima for two types of covalently immobilized AG resulted in higher enzyme amounts on the surface within periodate immobilizate (67%) in comparison with glutaraldehyde immobilizate (53%). These values are modified to 64.25% for periodate immobilizate and 49.95% for glutaraldehyde immobilizate when diffusion effects are taken into account.CONCLUSION: The mathematical model applied enabled observation of the difference between the two types of coupling agents and different immobilization procedures throughout quantification of the immobilized enzyme on the matrix surface and inside pores. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Human herpesvirus 8 shedding in the mouth and blood of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Al‐Otaibi Lubna M. , Moles David R. , Porter Stephen R. , Teo Chong‐Gee 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of transplantation‐associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is high, and there is disparity in the prevalence rates of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) infection between patients with renal disease and the general population. It was hypothesized that oral HHV‐8 transmission among patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment contributes to the high prevalence of infection in renal disease patients. The detection rates of anti‐HHV8‐IgG in plasma and HHV‐8‐DNA in CD45(+)‐peripheral blood cells of 72 hemodialysis patients were compared first with those of 178 blood donors and 60 pregnant women. Between the hemodialysis patients and the apparently healthy people sampled, the detection rate of anti‐HHV‐8‐IgG was 16.7% versus 0.4% (P < 0.001) and that of HHV‐8‐DNA was 4.2% versus 0.4%, (P < 0.05). HHV‐8 DNA was determined in oral samples and the HHV‐8 viral load measured in saliva of patients undergoing hemodialysis. The amount of virus shed into saliva ranged between 8,600 and 119,562,500 (mean: 24,009,360) genome‐equivalents/ml among the five patients in whom oral HHV‐8 DNA was detected. Finally, HHV‐8‐subgenomic sequencing was conducted which showed that orally shed HHV‐8 in four patients belonged to genotype C2, and in one patient to genotypes A1 and C2. HHV‐8 shed in the mouth of hemodialysis patients may be extensive and diverse. Oral fluid in addition to blood is thus a likely vehicle for transmission of HHV‐8, possibly contributing to the high risk of HHV‐8 infection in patients undergoing hemodialysis and to KS following immunosuppression after renal transplantation. J. Med. Virol. 84:792–797, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates fracture healing by stimulation of recruitment of both local and circulating osteogenic progenitors
Authors: Kumagai Ken , Takeuchi Ryohei , Ishikawa Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Yuichiro , Fujisawa Takahiro , Kuniya Takashi , Takagawa Shu , Muschler George F. , Saito Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe investigated the effect of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the homing of circulating osteogenic progenitors to the fracture site. Parabiotic animals were formed by surgically conjoining a green fluorescent protein (GFP) mouse and a syngeneic wild‐type mouse. A transverse femoral fracture was made in the contralateral hind limb of the wild‐type partner. The fracture site was exposed to daily LIPUS in the treatment group. Animals without LIPUS treatment served as the control group. Radiological assessment showed that the hard callus area was significantly greater in the LIPUS group than in the control group at 2 and 4 weeks post‐fracture. Histomorphometric analysis at the fracture site showed a significant increase of GFP cells in the LIPUS group after 2 weeks (7.5%), compared to the control group (2.4%) (p < 0.05). The LIPUS group exhibited a significantly higher percentage of GFP cells expressing alkaline phosphatase (GFP/AP) than the control group at 2 weeks post‐fracture (5.9%, 0.3%, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of GFP/AP cells between the LIPUS group (2.0%) and the control group (1.4%) at 4 weeks post‐fracture. Stromal cell derived factor‐1 and CXCR4 were immunohistochemically identified at the fracture site in the LIPUS group. These data indicate that LIPUS induced the homing of circulating osteogenic progenitors to the fracture site for possible contribution to new bone formation. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1516–1521, 2012
The formation of an antitubercular complex [Fe(CN)5(INH)]3− through mercury(II)‐catalyzed ligand substitution reaction: A kinetic and mechanistic study
Authors: Naik Radhey M. , Prasad Surendra , Yadav Shiv B. S. , Rastogi R. , Tiwari R. K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanism of the formation of an antitubercular complex [Fe(CN)5(INH)]3− based on the substitution reaction between K4[Fe(CN)6] and isoniazid (INH), i.e., isonicotinohydrazide, catalyzed by Hg2+ in aqueous medium was studied spectrophotometrically at 435 nm (the λmax of the golden‐yellow‐colored complex [Fe(CN)5(INH)]3−) as a function of pH, ionic strength, temperature, and the concentration of the reactants and the catalyst. The replacement of coordinated CN− in [Fe(CN)6]4− was facilitated by incoming ligand INH under the optimized reaction conditions: pH 3.5 ± 0.02, temperature = 30.0 ± 0.1°C, and ionic strength I = 0.05 M (KNO3). The stoichiometry of the reaction and the stability constant of the complex ([Fe(CN)5(INH)]3−) have been established as 1:1 and 2.10 × 103 M, respectively. The rate of catalyzed reaction was found to be slow at low pH values, to increase with increasing pH, to attain a maximum value at 3.50 ± 0.02, and finally to decrease after pH > 3.5 due to less availability of H+ ions needed to regenerate the catalytic species. The initial rates were evaluated for each variation from the absorbance versus time curves. The reaction was found to be pseudo‐first order with respect to [INH] and first order with respect to [Fe(CN)64−] at lower concentration, whereas it was found to be fractional order at higher [INH] and [Fe(CN)64−]. The ionic strength dependence study showed a negative salt effect on the rate of the reaction. Based on experimental results, a mechanism for the studied reaction is proposed. The rate equation derived from this mechanism explains all the experimental observations. The evaluated values of activation parameters for the catalyzed reaction suggest an interchange dissociative (Id) mechanism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 398–406, 2012
Steel your purpose
Authors: Baldoni John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDespite incessant time demands, today's leaders must take time for self‐reflection and careful thought about the future of their life and that of their organization. Baldoni presents this thinking as a “combination of assessment, diagnosis, reflection, and prioritization.” Leaders can aid self‐development through such areas as taking a sabbatical and rethinking roles and responsibilities. It is not necessary to abandon the traits that have led to success. But Baldoni believes that “the challenge becomes finding ways to channel that energy in new and direct ways, so that you lead more appropriately and effectively.”
Intentional leadership
Authors: Kubicek Jeremie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLeadership development often lacks continuity, strategy, and perspective. Kubicek asserts that what is needed is more holistic thinking, understanding that “raising leaders is not a program; it is a way of life.” Leaders must be intentional about raising capacity and improving capabilities. One way is to be more intentional about the use of time, especially by getting more out of what he refers to as “informal time.” Building development into such segments as exercise and driving to work provides a boost of “trading up” to a new level of thought and action.
Can we prevent incontinence?: ICI‐RS 2011
Authors: Sievert Karl‐Dietrich , Amend Bastian , Toomey Patricia A. , Robinson Dudley , Milsom Ian , Koelbl Heinz , Abrams Paul , Cardozo Linda , Wein Alan , Smith Ariana L. , Newman Diane K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimsA review of the current state of research with regard to prevention of incontinence.MethodsThe search was limited to English language publications on the topic of incontinence prevention.ResultsIncontinence is associated with a range of risk factors, most of which are modifiable. Lifestyle changes with behavioral modifications that can prevent urinary incontinence (UI) need to be adopted from an early phase of life. Pregnancy per se for the woman, independent of labor and delivery practice, is a risk factor for UI. The influence of estrogen is still under discussion as to its direct influence to UI. For both men and women, there is a correlation between pelvic‐floor related surgery and UI and fecal incontinence (FI). With further improvement in surgical techniques, UI is often only a transient symptom for most patients. Psychological illnesses and their treatment can induce or worsen incontinence and therefore should be evaluated especially with other necessary co‐medications.ConclusionsThe evidence would suggest that in some cases incontinence can be prevented. Although the evidence base for UI is greater than that for FI, the conditions share many similarities with respect to risk and treatment, suggesting that similar benefits may derive from population‐based prevention strategies. With primary prevention, actions taken early, even in the absence of incontinence, may avoid or delay its onset. There is also evidence that some risk factors for incontinence are modifiable, although not type specific, and can be reduced through preventive measures. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:390–399, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms in healthy postpartum women: A pilot study
Authors: Tsai Shao‐Yu , Thomas Karen A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this pilot study we examined the relationship between objective and subjective sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms in 22 healthy primiparous postpartum women within 3 months after delivery. We found that none of the women in our study had clinically significant depression scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; nonetheless, a variable duration of night‐time sleep from night to night during the 7‐day monitoring period and reported awakening too early were significantly correlated with increased depressive symptoms. Results suggest that first‐time mothers who complain of irregular night‐time sleep duration and waking up too early should be screened and evaluated for potential postpartum depressive symptoms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:314–323, 2012
Maternal serum placental growth factor in second trimester trisomy 21 pregnancies
Authors: Cowans N. J. , Kisanga M. C. , Spencer K. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the levels of placental growth factor (PlGF) in second trimester maternal serum in trisomy 21 cases and euploid controls – an unclear subject in the published literature.MethodsSecond trimester maternal serum samples from 17 recent (since 2005) and 74 older trisomy 21 cases and 542 euploid controls were extracted from frozen storage and retrospectively analysed for PlGF using a DELFIA Xpress immunoassay platform. Results were converted to multiples of median (MoM) for comparison.ResultsThe control group had a PlGF MoM of 0.99, the recent trisomy 21 cases had a PlGF MoM of 1.13 and the older cases a PlGF MoM of 1.11; however, the differences between trisomy 21 cases and controls were not significant.ConclusionAlthough we have found no significant change in the second trimester levels of PlGF in trisomy 21 pregnancies, there remains wide disagreement within the literature on the behaviour of this marker during pregnancies of this syndrome. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential testing for Down syndrome: the impact on estimated risk
Authors: Chasen Stephen T. , Wasden Shane 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveOur objective was to describe the utilization of sequential screening and evaluate the impact on estimated Down syndrome risk.MethodsWe reviewed records of all those undergoing first‐trimester screening over a 3‐year period. All patients received first‐trimester Down syndrome risk, and had options of invasive testing and sequential testing. We compared adjusted first‐trimester Down syndrome risk with adjusted risk following sequential testing. Fisher's exact test and chi‐square for trend were used for statistical comparison.ResultsFirst‐trimester screening was performed on 12 557 patients. The rate of sequential testing was 34.0%. In 13.1% of patients, sequential testing resulted in a higher risk compared with first‐trimester risk, with a risk at least twice as high in 5.2%. The likelihood that sequential testing would increase risk progressively decreased as first‐trimester risk declined, from 17.8% for those with first‐trimester risk of >1 in 270 to 8.7% in those with first‐trimester risk of <1 in 10 000 (p < .001). For those with first‐trimester risk <1 in 2000, the likelihood that sequential testing would adjust risk to >1 in 270 was <1%.ConclusionsSequential testing lowers the Down syndrome risk in most cases and is more likely to do so with decreasing first‐trimester risk. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aneuploidy screening during pregnancy by a three‐dimensional Advanced First Trimester Screening model: Description of the AFS‐3D algorithm
Authors: Schmidt Peter , Hörmansdörfer Cindy , Vaske Bernhard , Hillemanns Peter , Scharf Alexander 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundA novel screening method for fetal aneuploidies was developed, in which nuchal translucency (NT), pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A), and free‐β human chorionic gonadotropin (free‐β hCG) are placed into a three‐dimensional scatter plot. Likelihood ratios are directly inferred from the ratio of already observed healthy and diseased fetuses. This method is called ‘Three‐dimensional Advanced First trimester Screening’ (AFS‐3D). It was aimed to develop and test a new algorithm based on the results of previous studies.MethodsA new static‐sized sphere model was developed. Several scaling factors of the axes and the optional application of the modifications ‘simulation’ (SIM) and ‘empty sphere positive’ were tested on 15 227 data sets. An additional examination was performed on a second collective (n = 458).ResultsThe application of the new AFS‐3D model with static‐sized spheres, a re‐sampled ∆NT axis by a scaling factor of 0.125, and the application of SIM and Empty Box Positive resulted in a marked improvement of the test performance (area under curve, AUC = 0.9668). Analogous results (AUC = 0.9807) were found for the second test collective.ConclusionsThis novel approach is promising and should be tested on a larger, independent collective. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical importance of the drug interaction between statins and CYP3A4 inhibitors: a retrospective cohort study in The Health Improvement Network
Authors: Rowan Christopher G. , Brunelli Steven M. , Munson Jeffrey , Flory James , Reese Peter P. , Hennessy Sean , Lewis James , Mines Daniel , Barrett Jeffrey S. , Bilker Warren , Strom Brian L. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the relative hazard of muscle toxicity, renal dysfunction, and hepatic dysfunction associated with the drug interaction between statins and concomitant medications that inhibit the CYP3A4 isoenzyme.BackgroundAlthough statins provide important clinical benefits related to mitigating the risk of cardiovascular events, this class of medications also has the potential for severe adverse reactions. The risk for adverse events may be potentiated by concomitant use of medications that interfere with statin metabolism.MethodsData from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) from 1990 to 2008 were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study. Cohorts were created to evaluate each outcome (muscle toxicity, renal dysfunction, and hepatic dysfunction) independently. Each cohort included new statin initiators and compared the relative hazard of the outcome. The interaction ratio (I*R) was the primary contrast of interest. The I*R represents the relative effect of each statin type (statin 3A4 substrate vs. statin non‐3A4 substrate) with a CYP3A4 inhibitor, independent of the effect of the statin type without a CYP3A4 inhibitor. We adjusted for confounding variables using the multinomial propensity score.ResultsThe median follow‐up time per cohort was 1.5 years. There were 7889 muscle toxicity events among 362 809 patients and 792 665 person‐years. The adjusted muscle toxicity I*R was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90–1.66). There were 1449 renal dysfunction events among 272,099 patients and 574 584 person‐years. The adjusted renal dysfunction I*R was 0.91 (95%CI = 0.58–1.44). There were 1434 hepatic dysfunction events among 367 612 patients and 815 945 person‐years. The adjusted hepatic dysfunction I*R was 0.78 (95%CI = 0.45–1.31).ConclusionsOverall, this study found no difference in the relative hazard of muscle toxicity, renal dysfunction, or hepatic dysfunction for patients prescribed a statin 3A4 substrate versus a statin non‐3A4 substrate with CYP3A4 inhibitor concomitancy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.