bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New structural aspects of FKBP38 activation
Authors: Maestre-Martínez Mitcheell , Haupt Katja , Edlich Frank , Jahreis Günther , Jarczowski Franziska , Erdmann Frank , Fischer Gunter , Lücke Christian 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The human FK506-binding protein 38 (FKBP38) regulates Bcl-2 in neuronal apoptosis. To control Bcl-2 activity, FKBP38 requires a prior interaction with the Ca2+-sensor calmodulin (CaM). The resulting FKBP38/CaM complex is unique within the FKBP family. Here, we present novel insights into the structural arrangement of this complex. Chemical shift perturbation analyses of the individual protein domains revealed two separate interaction sites between FKBP38 and CaM. On the one hand, residues Glu303, Tyr307 and Leu311, belonging to the predicted CaM-binding site at the C-terminal end of FKBP38, become embedded in the hydrophobic target protein-binding cleft of the C-terminal CaM lobe. On the other hand, in a second binding interaction, the N-terminal end of the catalytic FKBP38 domain shows surface contacts to the AB and CD loops of CaM as well as the adjacent helices. Furthermore, a Glu-rich region at the non-structured FKBP38 N-terminus features additional contacts to CaM helix A. In combination with previous results, we thus conclude that the FKBP38/CaM complex is constituted by (i) a Ca2+-dependent interaction of the CaM-binding motif at the C-terminal end of FKBP38 with the C-terminal CaM lobe and (ii) a Ca2+-independent interaction between the N-terminal CaM lobe and the N-terminal region of the catalytic FKBP38 domain.
The hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1 functions as both a positive and negative modulator of aging
Authors: Leiser Scott F. , Kaeberlein Matt 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the past year and a half, five studies have independently established a direct connection between the hypoxic response transcription factor, HIF-1, and aging inCaenorhabditis elegans. These studies demonstrated that HIF-1 can both promote and limit longevity via pathways that are mechanistically distinct. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding modulation of aging by HIF-1 and speculate on potential aspects of HIF-1 function that could be relevant for mammalian longevity and healthspan.
The relationship between three heat shock protein 70 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to lung cancer
Authors: Wang Yuzhen , Zhou Fang , Wu Yiming , Xu Dong , Li Weihui , Liang Shoupei 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background: Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has been shown to act as a chaperone and be associated with a variety of tumors. We investigated HSP70-1 G+190C, HSP70-2 A+1267G, and HSP70-hom T+2437C polymorphisms to assess whether genetic variation in HSP70 plays a role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted using 159 patients with lung cancer and 202 control subjects. Genomic DNA was typed for HSP70 polymorphisms using polymerase chain reactions with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risks of lung cancer.

Results: There were significant differences in genotype and allele distributions between patients and controls for the HSP70-1 G+190C polymorphisms with and without adjustment for age, gender, smoking history, drinking history and family history of cancer (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the polymorphisms of HSP70-2 A+1267G and HSP70-hom T+2437C. The haplotype analysis showed that the G/A/C and C/G/T haplotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer compared to the G/G/T haplotype. After adjustments for other risk factors, such as age, gender, drinking history and family history of cancer, the interactions between the HSP70-1 and HSP70-hom genotypes and smoking were confirmed [I(AB), 2.56 and 5.12, respectively].

Conclusions:
HSP70-1 G+190C may be a functional polymorphism and affect susceptibility to lung cancer, and homozygous C/C genotype may enhance the risk of lung cancer. In addition, smoking along with HSP70-1 G+190C and HSP70-hom T+2437C, may increase the risk of lung cancer.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1657–63.
Metal Oxide-based (ZnO and IZO) Thin Film Transistors and Circuits
Authors: Khan Shahrukh Akbar , Hatalis Miltiadis K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis work emphasizes room temperature deposition and fabrication of staggered bottom-gate ZnO and IZO TFTs. We synthesized these oxide thin films by RF sputtering in an Ar/Oxygen ambience with no intentional heating of the substrates. Bottom gate staggered structure ZnO TFTs were fabricated (Ti/Au/Ti gate and Au/Ti source/drain) and characterized. ZnO TFTs retained well-behaved transfer characteristics down to a channel length of 4 μm with field effect mobility of 5 cm2/V.s, on/off current ratio exceeding 106 and threshold voltage around -5V. The IZO TFTs, with ITO as gate metal layer and highly conducting amorphous IZO forming the source/drain material had reasonably high field effect mobility of 20 cm2/V.s and on/off current ratio exceeding 106, which are well suited for active matrix display applications. Finally, to demonstrate the viability of oxide-based device integration, simple circuits such as inverters and pseudo-logic circuits are designed, fabricated and tested.
Infrared Emission Properties of Ho Doped KPb2Cl5
Authors: Hömmerich Uwe , Oyebola Olusola , Brown Ei , Trivedi Sudhir B. , Bluiett Althea G. , Zavada John M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report on the optical properties of Ho doped KPb2Cl5 (Ho: KPC) for potential applications as an infrared (IR) solid-state gain medium. The investigated crystal was synthesized from commercial starting materials of PbCl2, KCl, and HoCl3 followed by several purification steps including directional freezing, zone-refinement, and chlorination. The Ho: KPC crystal was subsequently grown by Bridgman technique. Following optical excitation at 885 nm, several IR emission bands were observed at room-temperature with average wavelengths at 1.07, 1.18, 1.35, 1.65, 2.00, 2.94, and 3.96 μm. The emission at 3.96 μm originated from the 5I5 -> 5I6 transitions of Ho3+ and was further evaluated for possible applications in mid-IR lasers. The decay time of the 5I5 excited state was measured to be 5.0 ms at room-temperature. The long 5I5 lifetime is favorable for laser applications and indicates that non-radiative multi-phonon relaxations are small in Ho: KPC. Based on a Judd-Ofelt analysis, the emission quantum efficiency was determined to be near unity resulting in a peak emission cross-section of 0.62×10-20 cm2 at 3.96 μm. A drawback for laser applications is the long decay time of the lower 5I6 state with a value of 4.8 ms . Since the 3.96 μm transition terminates in the 5I6 level, its long lifetime will lead to population bottlenecking, which limits possible mid-IR lasing to pulsed and quasi-cw operation.
Magnetic and Electric Properties of Phase Separated Glass Ceramics in CoO–TiO2–SiO2 System Prepared by Melt Quenching Process
Authors: Nakamura Hiroki , Kishi Tetsuo , Muro Yuji , Tamura Ryuji , Tokiwa Kazuyasu , Yasumori Atsuo 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe developments of high performance magnetic materials are required in various applications such as high sensitive magnetic sensing and hyperthermia in cancer treatment. Recently, Co-doped TiO2 has been received considerable attention as a candidate for such materials because of their ferromagnetic properties at room temperature. On the other hand, the phase-separated glasses and the derived glass-ceramics having unique micro-nano structure are utilized for various applications. In this study, the phase separated glass-ceramics in CoO-TiO2-SiO2 system with Al2O3 addition were prepared by melt-quenching process. The as-quenched samples consisted of the TiO2-rich phase and the SiO2-rich one which were formed by a nucleation-growth mechanism of phase separation. From the results of XRD measurements, the samples were found to have a TiO2 crystalline phase and a SiO2-rich glassy phase. The samples showed the magnetic property, which were regarded as a mixture of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases. The samples also showed the electric conductivity at room temperature. However, the conductivity of the sample decreased with increase of the Co content, and the temperature dependence of the conductivity of the ferromagnetic samples was different from the other ones. As a result, the Co ions in the phase-separated glass-ceramics in TiO2-SiO2 system were found to affect on both the magnetic and the electric conductive characteristics.
The Effect of Carbon Black Additions on Electromagnetic Wave Absorption of Fe73Si16B7Nb3Cu1 Base P/M Sheets
Authors: Kim Sun-I , Sohn K. Y. , Park W. W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMelt-spun Fe73-Si16-B7-Nb3-Cu1 (at%) amorphous strip was pulverized and then crystallized to obtain nano-grain structure at 540° for 1h under a nitrogen atmosphere. Carbon black of 0.1∼ 1wt% and its dispersant were mixed with the nano-grain structured Fe-based powder for 1h via ball milling for 1h. The mixture was tape-cast with a polymer-based organic binder, and dried at 100° to make a thin sheet. The microstructure and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the sheet were investigated using a network analyzer. As a result, the properties of electromagnetic wave absorption were improved by the increase of dielectric loss, which was mainly caused by the increase of complex permittivity with the addition of carbon black.
Widening the Envelope of UK HLW Vitrification – Experimental Studies with High Waste Loading Formulations Containing Platinoids
Authors: Steele Carl James , Scales Charlie , Dunnett Barbara 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSellafield Ltd operates 3 vitrification lines to convert highly active concentrate liquor arising as a waste product of reprocessing operations into glass for safe interim storage in the Vitrified Product Store (VPS) prior to long term disposal.
Highly Active Liquor (HAL) is stored in Highly Active Storage Tanks and transferred to WVP in batches to the liquid stock tank. It is metered in a semi-continuous batch operation to a calciner (rotating tube furnace) where it is converted into an oxide powder (calcine). Glass frit is fed at the lower end of the calciner where it discharges into an Inconel melter vessel controlled at approximately 1100 C. The glass and calcine are melted together and then poured into a container as a batch operation. After two pours the container is allowed to cool, a lid is then fitted to the container, which after further cooling is welded to the container. This container is then cleaned and transferred to the VPS.
Platinoid species containing ruthenium, rhodium and palladium present in the HAL form insoluble oxide phases in the glass product. The platinoid concentration in the glass will increase with increasing waste oxide loading to an extent that settling of the platinoids in the glass may occur, leading to heel enrichment, poor melter performance and difficulty in draining the melter. The viscosity will also increase, which may require higher melter temperatures to mix and pour the molten glass and could result in enhanced corrosion of the melter.
Inactive laboratory scale experiments with different glass frit formulations have been performed to determine whether product quality could be maintained with higher platinoid concentrations. Operational envelopes with existing formulations were expanded to observe laboratory trial performance and determine any changes to resulting glass qualities. Also, glasses with high waste incorporations have been produced to test process capability and to ascertain any potential phase separation or devitrification issues that could affect either the process or product performance. Physical properties of the different glass formulations were performed to measure changes in viscosity, density and the rates of settling to examine the amount of phase separation that can occur.
The results have shown that ruthenium, palladium or rhodium were insoluble in the melt and were not evenly distributed throughout the glass but clustered together. These results will be used as a basis for further development work. This paper presents some findings of these experiments.
TEM of C-component Dislocations Associated with Pyramidal Slip Activity in Hexagonal α2-Ti3Al
Authors: Wiezorek Jörg M. K. , Kulovits Andreas K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhile only a minor phase constituent, the deformation behavior of the hexagonal α2-Ti3Al phase, significantly affects the mechanical properties of two-phase TiAl based alloys. We have used conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to investigate the fine structure of pyramidal plane glide dislocations, with Burgers vectors of the type b=<2c+a>, in α2-Ti3Al after room temperature compression of binary polysynthetically twinned TiAl normal to the lamellar interfaces to nominal plastic strains of 1%-7%. We report atomic resolution observations of non-co-planar dislocation core configurations for <2c+a>-dislocations and show that translamellar deformation twins active in the majority γ-TiAl phase play an important role in facilitating pyramidal plane slip in α2-Ti3Al in the lamellar two-phase alloys.
RF Microwave Switches Based on Reversible Metal-Semiconductor Transition Properties of VO2Thin Films: An Attractive Way To Realise Simple RF Microelectronic Devices
Authors: Dumas-Bouchiat Frédéric , Champeaux Corinne , Catherinot Alain , Givernaud Julien , Crunteanu Aurelian , Blondy Pierre 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMicrowave switches in both shunt and series configurations are developped using semiconductor to metal (SC-M) transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films deposited byin situpulsed laser deposition on C-plane sapphire and SiO2/Si substrates. The influence of geometrical parameters such as the length of the switch is shown. The VO2-based switches exhibit up to 30-40 dB average isolation of the radio-frequency (RF) signal on a very wide frequency band (500 MHz-35 GHz) with weak insertion losses, when thermally activated. Furthermore, they can be electrically activated. Finally these VO2-based switches are integrated in the fabrication of innovative tunable band-stop filters which consist in a transmission line coupled with four U-shaped resonators and operate in 9-11 GHz frequency range. Its tunability is demonstrated using electrical activation of each VO2-based switch.
Modeling of Nanoimprinting of Metals by Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Li Lili , Xia Zhenhai , Yang Yanqing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations are reported for buckling and interfacial friction of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) with interwall sp3 bonds imprinted on copper substrates. A small perturbation of mechanical vibration is applied to the systems in the nanoimprinting. The imprinting capabilities of multi-wall CNTs are much better than single-wall CNTs. While the single-wall CNT is insensitive to the vibration, the indentation force and buckling of multi-wall CNTs with interwall sp3 bonding is dependent on the amplitude of the perturbation, providing a way to controlling the interfacial friction. There is an optimal amplitude, at which the buckling and friction force of the CNTs are minimized in nanoimprinting.
X-ray Micro Laue Diffraction and Neutron Diffraction Analysis of Residual Elastic Strains in a 1% Uniaxial Tensile Tested Nickel Alloy 600 Sample
Authors: Chao Jing , Mark Alison , Suominen Fuller Marina Lynn , Barabash Rozaliya , McIntyre N. Stewart , Holt Richard A. , Klassen Robert J. , Liu Wenjun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe magnitude and distribution of elastic strain for a nickel alloy 600 (A600) sample that had been subjected to uniaxial tensile stress were measured by micro Laue diffraction (MLD) and neutron diffraction techniques. For a sample that had been dimensionally strained by 1%, both MLD and neutron diffraction data indicated that the global residual elastic strain was on the order of 10−4, however the micro-diffraction data indicated considerable grain-to-grain variability amongst individual components of the residual strain tensor. A more precise comparison was done by finding those grains in the MLD map that had appropriate <hkl> oriented in the specific directions matching those used in the neutron measurements and the strains were found to agree within the uncertainty. Large variations in strain values across the grains were noted during the MLD measurements which are reflected in the uncertainties. This is a possible explanation for the large uncertainty in the average strains measured from multiple grains during neutron diffraction.
Nanocrystalline Diamond Coatings: Creation of Proper Surface Topography for Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Yang Lei , Webster Thomas J. , Sheldon Brian W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe idea of using nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) as a coating on orthopedic implants originates back to the last century since NCD possesses superior mechanical and tribological properties as well as chemical stability. However, it has only been within recent years that the interactions between NCD and osteoblasts (OB, bone forming cells) have been investigated. In this study, the impact of NCD surface topography on OB functions including proliferation (24 hrs to 48 hrs) and differentiation (7 to 21 days) was studied. NCD of varied grain sizes (from less than 100 nm to approximately 600 nm) were fabricated by microwave plasma enhanced chemical-vapor-deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface topography of the NCD changed dramatically as grain size grew. OB proliferation on these coatings was studied by SEM after incubation for 24 hrs and 48hrs, respectively. OB differentiation on diamond coatings after incubation from 1 to 3 weeks was investigated by alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. Results demonstrated that OB proliferation and differentiation were dependent on topography with NCD grain sizes less than 100 nm exhibiting the best OB responses. To explain this enhancement, OB filopodia protrusions on different NCD were observed by SEM and the results revealed that surface topography of NCD played a crucial role in OB filopodia extensions. In summary, these findings provided important design criteria for creating proper NCD surfaces for orthopedic coatings and also provided cues on promoting interactions between nanostructured surfaces and cell responses.
Hole Drift Mobility Measurements on a-Si:H using Surface and Uniformly Absorbed Illumination
Authors: Dinca Steluta Adriana , Schiff Eric A , Guha Subhendu , Yan Baojie , Yang Jeff 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe standard, time-of-flight method for measuring drift mobilities in semiconductors uses strongly absorbed illumination to create a sheet of photocarriers near an electrode interface. This method is problematic for solar cells deposited onto opaque substrates, and in particular cannot be used for hole photocarriers in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a Si:H) solar cells using stainless steel substrates. In this paper we report on the extension of the time-of-flight method that uses weakly absorbed illumination. We measured hole drift-mobilities on seven a Si:H nip solar cells using strongly and weakly absorbed illumination incident through the n-layer. For thinner devices from two laboratories, the drift-mobilities agreed with each other to within our random error of about 15%. For thicker devices from United Solar, the drift-mobilities were about twice as large when measured using strongly absorbed illumination. We propose that this effect is due to a mobility profile in the intrinsic absorber layer in which the mobility decreases for increasing distance from the substrate.
Environmental Effects on the Single Molecule Conductance of bis(thiahexyl)oligothiophenes
Authors: Leary Edmund , Höbenreich Horst , Higgins Simon J. , van Zalinge Harm , Haiss Wolfgang , Nichols Richard J. , Finch Christopher , Grace Iain , Lambert Colin J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSimple alkanedithiols exhibit the same molecular conductance whether measured in air, under vacuum or under liquids of different polarity. Here, we show that the presence of water ‘gates’ the conductance of a family of oligothiophene–containing molecular wires, and that the longer the oligothiophene, the larger is the effect; for the longest example studied, the molecular conductance is over two orders of magnitude larger in the presence of water, an unprecedented result suggesting that ambient water is a crucial factor to be taken into account when measuring single molecule conductances (SMC), or in the design of future molecular electronic devices. Theoretical investigation of electron transport through the molecules, using the ab initio non-equilibrium Green's function (SMEAGOL) method, shows that water molecules interact with the thiophene rings, shifting the transport resonances enough to increase greatly the SMC of the longer, more conjugated examples.
Comparison of Molecular Monolayer Interface Treatments in Organic-inorganic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Albin Jamie M. , Baker Darick J. , Allen Cary G. , Furtak Thomas E. , Collins Reuben T. , Olson Dana C. , Ginley David S. , Weigand Christian C. , Vardoy Astrid-Sofie , Ladam Cecile 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this study, we explore the effects of alkyl surface terminations on ZnO for inverted, planar ZnO/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) solar cells using two different attachment chemistries. Octadecylthiol (ODT) and octadecyltriethoxysilane (OTES) molecules were used to create 18-carbon alkyl surface molecular layers on sol gel-derived ZnO surfaces. Molecular layer formation was confirmed and characterized using water contact angle measurements, infrared (IR) transmission measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performances of the ZnO/P3HT photovoltaic cells made from ODT- and OTES-functionalized ZnO were compared. The ODT-modified devices had higher efficiencies than OTES-modified devices, suggesting that differences in the attachment scheme affect the efficiency of charge transfer through the molecular layers at the treated ZnO surface.
Tools for Aggregating, Analyzing and Mining Combinatorial Data
Authors: Jones Wesley , Suh Changwon , Graf Peter A , Korytina Daniel , Swank Craig , Perkins Christopher 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate how data mining techniques can be applied to complex combinatorial data sets and how data from multiple sources can be aggregated via the developed scientific data management system. An example is shown for the case of aggregated combinatorial data for the study of composition, processing, structure, and property relationships of transparent conducting oxides by applying data mining techniques such as principal component analysis. Data mappings of mined results are shown to effectively enable visualization of data trends, identification of anomalies in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy patterns, and scientifically interesting libraries and spectral regions.