bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Relevant Problems of Individuals with Bipolar Disorder: A Worldwide Expert Survey
Authors: Ávila C. , Cieza A. , Chatterji S. , Cabello M. , Vieta E. , Ayuso-Mateos J.L. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:We aimed to explore the expert perspective on relevant issues of individuals with bipolar disorder. The specific aims are to identify problems in functioning important to individuals with BD and to quantify these using the ICF.Method:An online survey on functioning in BD was conduced. For each ICF domain one question was presented. Recruited participants were psychiatrists, general physicians, psychologists, nurses and social workers worldwide. Answers were linked to the ICF according to predefined rules (Cieza, 2001). Data analyses include frequencies of ICF categories named by experts.Results:Health professionals from all WHO-world regions and from different professional backgrounds accepted our invitation to participate. The Americas was the highest represented region (36%) and a significant part of the professionals involved were psychiatrists. From all the concepts contained in the answers, body functions categories with highest frequency of appearance were emotional functions (3,5%), mentioned by 62% of the experts and sleep functions (2,4%) mentioned by 58%. The body structure brain corresponds to 2% of the total categories obtained and was included by 56% of the experts. Maintaining one's health was the most mentioned activity and participation (2,8%), referred by 36% of the participants and important environmental factors include health services (4,8%) and immediate family(3,8%), which appeared in 82% of the questionnaires.Conclusion:The present study is an important step in applying of the ICF to BD. It also shows an important level of agreement between experts around the world regarding central issues of the disorder.Funded by MURINET-MRTN-CT-2006-035794
Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Comparison of Self-report and Proxy Assessment
Authors: Kim E.-J. , Kim S.-J. , Cho H.-S. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:There is little data to indicate whether or not patients with chronic mental illness can provide self-report QOL data or if informant reports can substitute the patients’ ratings. We evaluated patient-proxy agreement in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and compared levels of agreement according to the relationship between patient-proxies.Method:WHOQOL-BREF and SF-36, two of the most popular quality of life instrument were administered to 82 schizophrenia-proxy and 50 bipolar disorder patient-proxy pairs.Results:Proxies of schizophrenia patients rated patients’ QOL lower than the patients themselves. Agreement between patients and proxies on the four main domains of QOL was moderate to good. Moreover, the agreement between patients’ and proxies’ ratings was higher when the proxy was a mother or spouse compared to father.Conclusion:These findings suggest that proxy rating of QOL can be used as a reasonable estimate of the patients’ rating of QOL in schizophrenia and bipolar patients, at least in Korea. Knowing which domains of QoL are affected in specific psychiatric disorders can help clinicians focus on particular QoL domains during the diagnostic process and to define adequate treatment goals. Therefore, the assessment of QoL may be an important part of the diagnostic process because it can give insight into the areas of functioning in which a patient is suffering the most.
Self-esteem and Affective Temperament of Nurses in Psychiatric and Mental Health Services
Authors: Cordeiro R. , Figueira M. 
Published: March 2009

The present study was intended to explore the potential relationships between self-esteem and affective temperament (Akiskal et al., 2005) of nurses working for Psychiatric and Mental Health Departments. The ultimate goal is to establish which factor determines their professional stress and adaptation.Methods:Self-administered questionnaires were given to 152 nurses employed in three Portuguese public hospitals. The questionnaire items included socio demographic and job-related data and two scales: the Portuguese version of TEMPS-A Scale (Akiskal, 2005) and the Personal Self-esteem Scale (Ribeiro, J.L.P 2006). For statistical analysis besides descriptive statistics, a correlation model was used.Results:Hyperthimic Temperament was the more prevalent subtype. Women presented a higher Self-esteem positively correlated with Ciclothymic and Anxious temperaments. The results also show that there is a correlation between marital status and Irritable Temperament, and between the years of professional experience and the Cyclothymic and Hyperthymic Temperaments.Conclusion:An interaction between temperament subtypes, self-esteem and professional experience was observed. Gender differences are also significant. Further study is needed to investigate the potential relationship between temperament, self-esteem and professional satisfaction and resilience to job-related stress factors in Psychiatric Departments.
Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) Gene in Bipolar I Disorder in the Romanian Population
Authors: Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M. , Diaconu C.C. , Herms S. , Vollmer J. , Bleotu C. , Noethen M.M. , Cichon S. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Since the discovery of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2) several studies reported association of TPH2 genetic variation with bipolar I disorder (BPI). Our objectives were to replicate in the Romanian population the recently described association of a rare functional SNP (rs17110563) and of a haplotype covering the 5′ region of TPH2 with BPI (Cichon et al., 2008) and to investigate the influence of the phenotypic traits age-of-onset, family history and parent-of-origin”, defined according to clinical criteria, on the degree of association between TPH2 and BPI.Method:Sixteen TPH2 SNPs were genotyped in a Romanian sample of 198 BPI patients and 180 controls screened for psychiatric disorders. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with Haploview3.32 and FAMHAP.Results:The functional SNP rs17110563 (encoding a Pro206Ser substitution) was present in Romanian BPI patients and absent in controls. SNPs located in the 5′-region (rs11178997, rs11178998, rs7954758), significantly associated with BPI in German patients were not associated with BPI in Romanian patients at single-marker level, but gave evidence for association at haplotypic level in a subgroup of patients with paternal transmission of BPI. Evidence for association was identified between haplotypes located in the 3′-region of TPH2 and BPI in the overall sample as well as in the subgroups of familial cases, the subgroup with paternal transmission, and the subgroup with AO≤25 years.Conclusion:Our data provide support for the involvement of TPH2 in the etiology of BPI.
Decision Making, Working Memory and Executive Functions in Euthymic Bipolar Patients
Authors: Jaracz M. , Drozdz W. , Borkowska A. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Decision making, as well as working memory and executive functions are among the most significant cognitive processes, associated with prefrontal cortex function. Decision making is associated with the orbitofrontal cortex function. Working memory and executive functions are dependent on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Orbitofrontal, as well as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction in bipolar disorder has been reported. The aim of the study was to assess decision making and executive functions in euthymic bipolar patients.Methods:The study included 13 euthymic bipolar patients (6 female, 7 male), aged 43±11 years and 11 age, sex and education years matched healthy controls. Decision making was assessed with Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Working memory and executive functions were assessed with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Trail Making Test (TMT). Depressive and/ or manic symptoms were measured with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS).Results:Euthymic bipolar patients made more nonperseverative errors (t=2,53, p=0,01), gave less conceptual level responses (t=-2,33, p=0,03), completed less categories (t=-1,66, p=0,005) and used more cards to complete first category (t=1,49, p=0,003) in WCST. They also gained less money in IGT (t=-1,34, p=0,03).Conclusions:Bipolar patients performed significantly worse on several measures of WCST. Euthymic bipolar patients gained less money in IGT compared to healthy controls, although no significant differences in responding style in IGT were found.
Social Cognition and General Functioning in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Lahera G. , Herrería E. , Ruiz-Murugarren S. , Ruiz-Bennásar C. , Iglesias P. , Fernández-Liria A. , Montes J.M. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Bipolar patients show a significant degree of psychosocial disfunction even in euthymia. Recent studies have reported deficits in Theory of Mind and emotion recognition in BD. Our hypothesis is that social cognition deficit could be associated with a poor general functioning and psychosocial disadvantage in BD.Methods:A sample of 27 euthymic bipolar patients were recluted. Based on Global Assessment of Functioning, they were divided into two groups: good or low general functioning. Euthymia was defined as YMRS < 6 and HDRS < 8, during a 3-month period. Patients with high (n 18) and low (n 9) functioning were compared on several clinical variables and on social / general cognitive measures. Both verbal and non verbal Theory of Mind capacities were assesed (faux pas test and face emotion recognition test). Finally, sustained attention and executive functions were evaluated (Asarnow Test and WSCT).Results:High- and low-functioning groups did not differ with respect to demographic and clinical variables (age, sex, age at onset, years of evolution of illness, history of prior psychotic symptoms; p = n.s.). However, low-functioning group showed poorer performance than high-functioning group both in faux pas test (U Mann Whitney; p=0.035) and face emotion recognition (U; p = 0.021). In addition, low-functioning group also showed a significant impairment in general cognitive funtions such as sustained attention (U, p = 0.007) and executive funtions (U, p = 0.046).Conclusion:Social cognition deficit is associated with a poorer general functioning and psychosocial disadvantage.
Association Between Olfactory Identification and Face Emotion Recognition in Euthymic Bipolar Patients
Authors: Lahera G. , Herrería E. , Ruiz-Murugarren S. , Ruiz-Bennásar C. , Iglesias P. , Fernández-Liria A. , Montes J.M. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:The close anatomical and functional connection between the orbitofrontal cortex and olfactory processing suggests that emotion regulation and olfactory identification could be associated. Smell identification deficit (SID) is common in adult schizophrenia, but it has been less studied in bipolar patients, who also show a significant degree of social disadvantage.Methods:A sample of 27 euthymic bipolar patients were recluted. Euthymia was defined as YMRS < 6 and HDRS < 8, during a 3-month period. Patients were assessed with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), Face Recognition Test and a verbal Theory of Mind test (Faux Pas Test), in order to examine the association between olfactory identification ability and social cognition domains.Results:According to the hypothesis, olfactory identification was positively correlated with Face Emotion Recognition (Pearson, p = 0.007) and verbal Theory of Mind (Pearson, p=0.030). Smell identification was similar in smoker (15/27) and non-smoker subgroup of the sample (U Mann Whitney; p = n.s). No differences were neither found between male (14/27) and female subgroup (U; p = n.s).Conclusion:Olfactory identification and social cognition (specially, face emotion recognition) appear to represent two correlated traits in bipolar disorder, suggesting a possible common neural substrate.
Looking for the Cyclothymic Temperament Within Major Depressive Patients: Under-recognising the Bipolar Spectrum?
Authors: Largueche M. , Abla T. Ben , M'Rad M.F. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Under-recognised bipolar spectrum disorder is going to be one of the most important debates in new articles and researches. Recent data, enlarging bipolar criteria to temperament, family history and more, try to help clinicians in the recognition of the broader spectrum of bipolarity and so getting the most adequate therapeutic attitude.Methods:Consecutive 86 Tunisian patients who meet the DSM IV criteria for major depressive episode (MDE) were interviewed with the temperament evaluation of Memphis,Pisa,Paris and San Diego in order to assess the frequency of cyclothymic temperament (CT).Then we compared the distribution of bipolar criteria, as defined by Akiskal between cyclothymic depressive patients and non cyclothymic ones.Finally the evolution under antidepressants was studied using the GFE:the global functioning evaluation.Results:34.9% of patients meet the criteria of cyclothymic temperament and compared to the 65.1% who did not, they had significantly lower age of onset, higher recurrence of MDE, more atypical features and more suicidal attempts and comorbidities (anxious disorders and drug abuse).Family history of bipolar disorder was more frequently found within the cyclothymic group as well as psychotic symptoms but not with a significant difference. Finally 71.4% of the non cyclothymic patients improved under antidepressants (GFE score >= 70) compared to only 26.6% in the group of cyclothymic ones.Conclusion:If we consider the large criteria of bipolarity and the concept of an affective spectrum, the prevalence of bipolar disorder become higher than previously believed, making clinicians reconsider the relevance of the diagnostic of unipolar trouble and the pertinence of the antidepressant treatment.
Subthreshold Manifestations of Bipolar Disorders as Health Care’s tool
Authors: Mazza M. , Harnic D. , Marano G. , Catalano V. , Janiri L. , Bria P. 
Published: March 2009

Introdution:Our study represents a pilot evaluation about how the MOOD-SR recognizes subthreshold manifestations that may be associated with clinical symptomatology in a group of bipolar patients.Methods:At Day Hospital of Psychiatry, Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, Bipolar Disorders Unit, it has been conducted an experimental study on a heterogeneous sample of 24 patients with a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder type I. Patients have been assessed with the MOOD-SR, a clinical self-reported interview, that is specific for the spectrum of subthreshold pathology, and with the Quality of Life (QoL), that investigates the patient's quality of life.Results:We have found that 16 patients on 24 report a score higher than 60 (68,4%). Among these, 10 female patients on 15 have a total score higer than 61 (68.75%) while 6 male patients on 9 obtain a total score higher than 60 (62,5%). However, these results have only preliminary value, further studies are needed in order to obtain a deeper evaluation.Conclusion:Spectrum manifestations are both indicator of course and response to treatment and predictive for relapse. This finding may represent an important preventive instrument for maniacal relapse in patients with Bipolar Disorder, that is often underdiagnosed or confused for Unipolar Depression. By adequately recognizing the problem we will be able to refine diagnosis and individualize therapy.
Gynaecological and Obstetric Comorbidities in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bobes J. , Montes J.M. , Mostaza J. , Rico-Villademoros F. , Vieta E. , Saiz-Ruiz J. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:To synthesize the available knowledge on gynaecological and obstetric comorbidities in patients with bipolar disorder (BD).Methods:Relevant studies were identified by a MEDLINE search from 1966 to January 2008, and supplemented by a manual review of reference lists of the articles identified and previous review articles. We included studies with any design, in patients with BD as diagnosed by any criteria, with sample size ≥30 patients, and reporting any measure of frequency or association as regards the comorbidities. When available, priority was given to comparative studies.Results:We identified 4 studies: 3 were comparative; 1 was cross-sectional and 3 were retrospective cohort studies; 1 was population-based study; and 4 used a convenience sample. A retrospective study reported an increased risk of pregnancy complications in patients with BD (OR1.23, 95%CI 1.06-1.44) but not of labor/delivery or neonatal complications; as compared to controls, patients with BD had an increased risk of placenta previa (OR2.04, 95% CI 1.11-3.73), antepartum hemorrhage (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.15-2.39), and drug side-effects (OR 3.94, 95%CI 1.46-10.62). In another retrospective study, patients with BD had an increased risk of endometriosis (OR: 1.93, 95%CI 1.37-2.70), inflammatory disease of ovary (OR 2.17, 95%CI 1.84-2.57), and disorders of menstruation (OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.56-2.05). In a cross-sectional study, gynaecological disorders were more common in patients with BD than in patients with schizophrenia (4% vs 1.3%).Conclusion:Although the information is scanty, available data suggest that patients with BD might have an increased risk of gynaecological and obstetric comorbidities/complications.
Spanish Consensus on Physical Health in Patients with Bipolar Disorder [P01-205]
Authors: Saiz-Ruiz J. , Bobes J. , Vieta E. , Mostaza J. 
Published: March 2009

Background and objective:Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness which may affect between 2% and 5% of the population. These patients present much higher morbidity and mortality rates than the general population. In addition to a higher mortality rate from suicide, they also have a higher prevalence of other physical disorders.The purpose of this consensus is to establish recommendations for diagnostic procedures and clinical interventions in order to control the risk factors which have repercussions on the physical health of the patients.Methods:After carrying out a systematic review of medical co-morbidity and mortality rates in bipolar disorder, two multidisciplinary consensus meetings were held in which 31 psychiatrists and 11 experts from other medical specialities participated.Working groups were formed for each speciality for the purposes of adapting the guidelines applied in the general population to these patients.Results:The bibliographical review revealed an increased risk of hypertension, obesity, smoking, pulmonary diseases, migraine and HIV infection. There is evidence of higher mortality rates from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and infections, as well as from suicide. The expert group reached consensus on a series of basic measures for detecting medical co-morbidity. The resulting recommendations will be validated by Spanish Psychiatry and General Medicine Associations.Conclusion:The physical health of patients with bipolar disorder could be improved. It is hoped that the publication of this consensus will have an impact in terms of better psychosocial functioning, quality of life and life expectancy for these patients in Spain.
A 6-month, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double Blind Trial of Ziprasidone Plus a Mood Stabilizer in Subjects With Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Vieta E. , Bowden C. , Ice K. , Gurtovaya O. , Schwartz J. , Wang P. 
Published: March 2009

Background:The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ziprasidone adjunctive to a mood stabilizer for the maintenance treatment of bipolar mania.Methods:Male and female subjects with bipolar I disorder with MRS 3 14 were enrolled. Subjects achieving ≥ 8 consecutive weeks of stability with open-label ziprasidone (80-160 mg/d) and lithium or divalproex were randomized into the 6-month double-blind maintenance period, to ziprasidone + mood stabilizer or placebo + mood stabilizer. The primary and key secondary end points were the time to intervention for a mood episode, and time to discontinuation for any reason, respectively. Inferential analysis was performed using a Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator (Log-rank test).Results:127 and 112 subjects were randomized to and treated in the ziprasidone and placebo groups, respectively. The time to intervention for a mood episode was significantly different, favoring ziprasidone (p = 0.0104). 19.7% and 32.4% of ziprasidone and placebo subjects, respectively, required intervention for a mood episode. Time to discontinuation for any reason was significantly different (p = 0.0047), favoring ziprasidone. Among treatment-emergent adverse events occurring in the double-blind period, the only event occurring more frequently in the ziprasidone group than in the placebo group (≥ 5%) was tremor (6.3% vs 3.6%, respectively).Conclusions:These results demonstrate that ziprasidone is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated adjunctive treatment with a mood stabilizer for long-term maintenance treatment of bipolar mania.
Quetiapine or Lithium Versus Placebo for Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder After Stabilization on Quetiapine
Authors: Nolen W.A. , Weisler R.H. , Neijber A. , Hellqvist Å. , Paulsson B. 
Published: March 2009

Purpose:Quetiapine combined with lithium or divalproex is an effective maintenance treatment for bipolar I disorder.1,2 This double-blind, randomized trial (D1447C00144) investigated quetiapine monotherapy as maintenance treatment.Methods:Adults experiencing manic, depressed, or mixed episodes of bipolar disorder received open-label quetiapine. Patients achieving stabilization (YMRS ≤12 and MADRS ≤12, 4 consecutive weeks) were randomized to continue quetiapine (300-800 mg/d) or to switch to placebo or lithium (target serum 0.6-1.2 mEq/L) for up to 104 weeks or recurrent mood event. The primary endpoint was time to recurrence of any mood event. The study was terminated when interim analysis provided positive results.Results:Of 2438 patients starting open-label quetiapine, 1226 (50.3%) were randomized to study medication with 1172 in the ITT population. Mean median quetiapine dose was 546 mg/d; mean median lithium serum level was 0.63 mEq/L. Time to recurrence of any mood event was longer for continued quetiapine versus switching to placebo (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.23-0.38; P< 0.0001), for switching to lithium versus switching to placebo (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.36-0.59; P< 0.0001), and for continued quetiapine versus switching to lithium (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49-0.88; P=0.005). Safety findings were consistent with known profiles.Conclusions:In patients stabilized on quetiapine, continued quetiapine significantly decreased time to recurrence of any mood event versus switching to placebo. Switching to lithium was also more effective than switching to placebo and conferred no additional benefit versus continuing quetiapine.Supported by funding from AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP.