bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Anglo-Saxon Applied Disc Brooches. Part II: in England
Authors: Evison Vera I. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe development of the earliest Germanic applied disc brooches is followed from their beginning in the Elbe valley to the fifth century in England. Third-century types constructed with rivets on a flat background were produced in the Elbe valley, giving way in the fourth century to a type soldered on to a concave base, and they spread to the middle and lower Elbe valley, to Holland, the Rhineland, Belgium, and northern France, increasing in numbers at the end of the fourth century, but not surviving the fifth century. The main designs were concentric circles, star, floriate cross, scrolls, and animal ornament.The series goes on in England without any break in continuity of form or decoration, and the earliest types belong to the fifth century, mainly the first half. With the densest concentration in the Upper Thames area, they are otherwise mostly distributed south of the Thames with some along the Icknield Way. As they are associated with a post-Roman stage of metalwork, the Quoit Brooch Style, they must indicate Germanic settlements, no doubt mercenary in the earliest stages.
A Tudor Organ-Case at Appleby-in-Westmorland
Authors: Holmes M. R. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryWhen the town organ in the parish church of Appleby-in-Westmorland was damaged by flooding and had to be dismantled for repair and restoration, it was found that the pipes and stops of the Great Organ were practically contemporary, and must date from the instrument's existence in Carlisle Cathedral before its transference to Appleby in 1683. Certain unusual features in the flats were found to have a parallel in a Sienese organ of 1510 or thereabouts, and consideration of this latter instrument showed that a series of carved open-work panels, now incorporated in other fittings in the church, had been part of the original organ-case, a certain asymmetry in the topmost panel being designed to correspond with the irregular centring of the appropriate bay in the quire at Carlisle. Certain heraldic evidence in the ornamentation points to a date between 1542 and 1547, and the present form of the organ was influenced by its transfer to Appleby in 1683—quite possibly under the supervision of the famous ‘Father’ Smith—and its eventual erection under distinguished patronage in 1722.
Dragonesque Fibulae
Authors: Feachem R. W. de F. 
Published: November 2011

Since the publication of Mr. William Bulmer's paper in 1938 (Antiq. Journ. xviii, 146 f.) several dragonesque fibulae have been found and others—mentioned, but not illustrated, in earlier publications—have been re-located. In figs. 2 to 8 below, the numbers given by Mr. Bulmer to the forty-six fibulae described in his paper are retained; of these, eight were not then illustrated (C5, 18 to 24). The nineteen fibulae additional to the original forty-six are now numbered from 25 to 43. Illustrations are also given, in fig. 9, of certain S-shaped fibulae, three of which were also described by Mr. Bulmer (8, 9, 12).In the complete list below, the fibulae are grouped under the names of the counties or countries in which they were found, and their present location, where known, is shown in the first column: the number of the fibula follows, with references to publications where these are known to exist.
A Bronze Age Settlement at Chalton, Hants (Site 78)
Authors: Cunliffe Barry 
Published: November 2011

SummaryRoad works in 1968 led to the excavation of an unenclosed Bronze Age farm at SU 717181. Two circular huts, 23 ft. and 14 ft. in diameter, were uncovered together with two ‘working platforms’ and three pits. Stratified finds included pottery, a loom weight, a whetstone, an unlooped low-flanged palstave, a bronze knife, an awl, and a conical fitting, all pointing to a date within the Middle Bronze Age. Tentative estimates might suggest a single family unit of approximately four people, farming about 16 acres of arable. The farm appears to have been in use for only a short time.
The Saxon Culture-Sequence at Portchester Castle
Authors: Cunliffe Barry 
Published: November 2011

SummaryExcavations at Portchester Castle have produced evidence of occupation throughout the Saxon period. After the cessation of standard Roman wares and local hand-made types early in the fifth century two Grubenhäuser were built. The contemporary assemblage, assignable to the mid fifth century, included (?) imported carinated bowls and local hand-made grass-tempered wares made in the Roman tradition. Late in the fifth or early in the sixth century stamped Saxon urns appear and probably continue, alongside the grass-tempered tradition, into the seventh century. An association of a grass-tempered pot with an imported glass vessel of eighth-century date shows that the local tradition persisted, but by the middle of the eighth century hand-made jars in gritty fabrics, like those from Hamwih, appear in a substantial rubbish deposit which belongs to the initial occupation of the hall complex. By the tenth century a new style of wheel-thrown pottery, called here Portchester ware, is dominant. It is mass produced and distributed largely from the Isle of Wight to central Hampshire and from the Sussex border to the River Mean. Contemporary forms include imported wares, green-glazed pitchers, pots from the Chichester region, and an assemblage made in a wheel-made continuation of the local gritty-fabric tradition. Portchester ware had gone out of use by 1100 at the latest.
An Iron Age Spout From Kirmington, Lincolnshire
Authors: May Jeffrey 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA bronze spout in the form of an ox-head, of high artistic quality, was found on the surface of a ploughed field at Kirmington, Lincolnshire. By analogy, it probably fitted a strainer-bowl, and should date to c. 50 B.C. to A.D. 50.
The Hallstatt Cemetery and its Documentation: Some New Evidence
Authors: Barth Fritz Eckart , Hodson Frank Roy 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe most copious and important finds from the famous Iron Age cemetery at Hallstatt were excavated by J. G. Ramsauer between 1846 and 1863. Doubts have been expressed about the validity of grave associations accepted on his authority. This paper discusses some of the evidence that is available for assessing Ramsauer's methods of excavation and recordings and for establishing valid grave associations. Key documents are a series of manuscript accounts of the excavations, the ‘Protokolle’ (one of which was presented to the Library of the Society of Antiquaries), and a later working catalogue which survives in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.
The Cerrig-y-Drudion ‘Hanging Bowl’
Authors: Stead I. M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA re-examination of the fragmentary remains from Cerrig-y-Drudion suggests that they belonged to a pair of similar vessels which may have been lids but were certainly not hanging bowls. The recognition of a mistake in the previous reconstruction allows some of the pieces to be rearranged to produce a more or less symmetrical reconstruction of the design on one of Britain's most important pieces of Early Celtic art.
Ambiguity in Anglo-Saxon Style I Art
Authors: Leigh David 
Published: November 2011

SummaryFresh examination of the detailed zoo- and anthropomorphic motifs on some early Kentish jewellery suggests that they were deliberately designed to deceive the eye. A recurring device is the use of images which have more than one meaning, depending on the angle at which they are viewed. It is suggested that ambiguity may have been a characteristic feature of Style I art, and that the use of this style may have had more than a purely ornamental function.
Joseph Rose Senior's Site Workshop at Audley End, Essex: Aspects of the Development of Decorative Plasterwork Technology in Britain During the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Drury P. J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryExcavation within part of the former library at Audley End House, Essex, in 1979 brought to light debris from the plaster ceiling erected between 1753 and 1762, and much workshop debris relating to the decorative plasterwork executed throughout the new Great Apartments by Joseph Rose senior, to the designs of Robert Adam, in 1764-6. The latter material is used to demonstrate in detail the technology of decorative gypsum plasterwork. This is contrasted with the methods used by the stuccoist Thomas Clayton at Châtelhérault, Hamilton, Lanarkshire, c. 1742-6, and the eclectic technology evidenced in the earlier library ceiling at Audley End. Finally, the development of the technology of decorative plasterwork in Britain between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries is reviewed in the light of information currently available.
Nineteenth-Century Drawings of Maya Monuments in the Society's Library
Authors: Hammond Norman 
Published: November 2011

SummaryFifteen drawings of Maya carvings presented to to the Society's Library in 1854 depict stone stelae and wooden lintels from Tikal, Guatemala, stelae from Ixkun and Ixtutz, Guatemala, and a temple at Tikal. Thirteen of the drawings can be assigned to specific monuments with certainty and the other two with some probability. Examination of the paper and other details suggests that the drawings are copies from lost originals, except for two drawings which may themselves be original. Annotations on the drawings are probably by Modesto Méndez, leader of the expeditions which explored the sites in 1848 and 1852. The drawings of Tikal were originally by Eusebio Lara, while those of Ixkun and Ixtutz may be by another artist.
A Fourteenth-century Coat of Arms identified
Authors: Smith S. C. Kaines 
Published: November 2011

In Heraldry from Military Monuments before 1350 (Harl. Soc, vol. xcviii) the late Rev. Henry Lawrance listed, on p. 51, six coats for which no satisfactory identification had been offered. One of these, ‘…in the quarter an eagle displayed…’, is on the shield of a recumbent effigy in the south transept of Minchinhampton church (pl. xx, a and b). From the style of the armour and the architecture of the tomb-recess, the monument may be dated c. 1330–5 (Ida M. Roper, Monumental Effigies of Gloucestershire and Bristol).The only other survival of these arms so far known is in the east window of Bristol Cathedral (pl. xx, c), where it is one of seventeen coats of arms in the glass of the tracery, headed by England, Maurice de Berkeley of Stoke Giffard and Brimsfield, and his brother Thomas, Lord Berkeley (d. 1361), in that order, the selection of the remaining coats being clearly made from among the associates of Lord Berkeley and his brother. The date of this glass is c. 1350. Among the coats included are those of Sir Thomas de Bradeston and Sir Simon Basset of Uley, both near neighbours of Minchinhampton. There can be no reasonable doubt that the arms here shown with the tinctures Gules, on a quarter argent an eagle displayed, are those of the same family, and probably of the same person as the effigy at Minchinhampton. Unfortunately the eagle is not leaded, but is in yellow stain, thus appearing as gold on silver; and as this was not an uncommon makeshift in the early days of the use of yellow stain, the colour of the eagle remains undetermined.
John Thornton of Coventry and the East Window of Great Malvern Priory
Authors: Knowles John A. 
Published: November 2011

That the Great East Window at York (Pl. xl) was designed by John Thornton of Coventry in 1405 is a matter of common knowledge, and much study has been expended by various writers in attempts to discover further particulars about the artist.But the crux of these researches has always been the inability to account for the connexion which he undoubtedly had with the east window of Great Malvern Priory; for at the time at which, there is reason to believe, it was made, Thornton must have been, according to the expectation of life in the middle ages, an aged man.
Walking speed adaptation ability of Myzus persicae to different temperature conditions
Authors: Alford L. , Hughes G.E. , Blackburn T.M. , Bale J.S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWalking speeds were calculated for nine clones of the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae collected from three countries along a latitudinal cline of its European distribution from Sweden to Spain (Sweden, UK and Spain), and the effects of collection origin and intra and intergenerational acclimation were investigated. Walking speeds declined with decreasing temperature, with maximum performance at temperatures closest to acclimation temperature (fastest median walking speed of 5.8 cm min–1 was recorded for clone UK 3, collected from the UK, at 25°C after acclimating to 25°C for one generation). Following acclimation at both 20°C and 25°C, walking ceased (as indicated by median walking speeds of 0.0 cm min–1) at temperatures as high as 7.5°C and 12.5°C. However, acclimation at 10°C enabled mobility to occur to temperatures as low as 0°C. There was no relationship between mobility and latitude of collection, suggesting that large scale mixing of aphids may occur across Europe. However, clonal variation was suggested, with clone UK 3 outperforming the majority of other clones across all temperatures at which mobility was maintained following acclimation at 10°C for one and three generations and at 25°C for one generation. The Scandinavian clones consistently outperformed their temperate and Mediterranean counterparts at the majority of temperatures following acclimation for three generations at 25°C.
FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING AND OTHER INTRA-VAGINAL PRACTICES: IMPLICATIONS FOR TWODAY METHOD USE
Authors: AKSEL SARP , SINAI IRIT , YEE KIMBERLY AUMACK 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis report examines the implications of female genital cutting and other intra-vaginal practices for offering the TwoDay Method® of family planning. This fertility awareness-based method relies on the identification of cervico-vaginal secretions to identify the fertile window. Female genital cutting and traditional vaginal practices, such as the use of desiccants, may affect the presence or absence of secretions and therefore the woman's perception of her fertility. These issues and their implications for service delivery of the method are discussed.
Managerialism in Motion: Lessons from Oaxaca
Authors: JONES JOHN PAUL , ROBERTS SUSAN M. , FRÖHLING OLIVER 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNon-governmental organisations operate as nodes in networks of ‘managerialism’ – bundles of often Northern, corporate-inspired knowledge and practices that promote ‘good governance’ under neoliberalism. Managerialism is double-sided: it can guard against corruption and help ensure accountability, but it can also be culturally disjunctive, reinforcing North–South power imbalances while diffusing the political potential of NGOs. In this paper we present a framework for studying managerialism's global circulation and discuss a series of empirical findings from a multi-year study of NGOs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. We conclude by commenting on managerialism's influence on NGOs during the social upheavals of 2006, highlighting its differential and contingent impact on social and political change in Oaxaca.
Investigation of a large community-based outbreak of hepatitis B infection in the United Kingdom
Authors: ANDERSSON M. I. , LOW N. , IRISH C. J. , VERLANDER N. Q. , CARRINGTON D. , HORNER P. , STUART J. M. , HICKMAN M. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYWe describe the largest outbreak of hepatitis B virus infection reported to date in the UK. Between July 2001 and December 2005, 237 cases were identified in Avon, South West England. The likely route of transmission was injecting drug use in 44% (104/237) and heterosexual intercourse in 30% (71/237) of cases. A case-control study in injectors showed that injecting crack cocaine [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 23·8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·04–186, P<0·001] and sharing injecting paraphernalia in the year before diagnosis (aOR 16·67, 95% CI 1·78–100, P=0·010) were strongly associated with acute hepatitis B. In non-IDUs number of sexual partners and lack of consistent condom use were high compared to a national sample. We describe the control measures implemented in response to the outbreak. This outbreak has highlighted the problems associated with the low uptake from the national hepatitis B vaccination policy which targets high-risk groups, the difficulties of identifying those at risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection through heterosexual sex, and injecting crack cocaine as a risk factor for hepatitis B.
Completeness of West Nile virus testing in patients with meningitis and encephalitis during an outbreak in Arizona, USA
Authors: WEBER I. B. , LINDSEY N. P. , BUNKO-PATTERSON A. M. , BRIGGS G. , WADLEIGH T. J. , SYLVESTER T. L. , LEVY C. , KOMATSU K. K. , LEHMAN J. A. , FISCHER M. , STAPLES J. E. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYAccurate data on West Nile virus (WNV) cases help guide public health education and control activities, and impact regional WNV blood product screening procedures. During an outbreak of WNV disease in Arizona, records from patients with meningitis or encephalitis were reviewed to determine the proportion tested for WNV. Of 60 patients identified with meningitis or encephalitis, 24 (40%) were tested for WNV. Only 12 (28%) of 43 patients aged <50 years were tested for WNV compared to 12 (71%) of 17 patients aged ⩾50 years (P<0·01). Patients with clinical signs of weakness or paralysis, elevated CSF protein, admitted to an inpatient facility, or discharged to a rehabilitation facility were also more likely to have WNV testing performed. The lack of testing in younger age groups and in those with less severe disease probably resulted in substantial underestimates of WNV neuroinvasive disease burden.
Libraries, Schoolrooms, and Mud Gadowns: Formal Scenes of Reading at East India Company Stations in India, c. 1819–1835
Authors: MURPHY SHARON 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe East India Company began to establish lending libraries for soldiers at its stations in India from about 1891 and, by the early 1830s, the majority of those responsible for the day-to-day operation of these institutions were keen to stress their beneficial effect upon the readers who frequented them. In a series of reports that were written at this time station chaplains and commanding officers emphasised that reading was having a positive effect upon the men's behaviour. What also emerges from these reports is evidence of a contemporary belief that the ‘setting’ in which reading took place determined the degree to which the activity was beneficial.
The Stone Maitreya of Leh: The Rediscovery and Recovery of an Early Tibetan Monument
Authors: ALEXANDER ANDRÉ , VAN SCHAIK SAM 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe rediscovery, conservation and repositioning of an ancient stone carved Buddha in Leh, Ladakh is one of the most important events in recent years for students of early Tibetan history and religion. Uncovering an inscription next to the carving has made it possible to date this artefact to the eleventh century or even earlier, while deciphering the inscription has confirmed that the figure should be identified as the Buddha Maitreya. This identification permits a better understanding of how the cult of Maitreya among of the emperors of imperial Tibet extended to western Tibet, and how the Maitreya images of western Tibet represent a specific local iconography.
Feedback in web-based questionnaires as incentive to increase compliance in studies on lifestyle factors
Authors: Bälter Olle , Fondell Elinor , Bälter Katarina 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveWe explored the use of feedback in interactive web-based questionnaires for collecting data on lifestyle factors in epidemiological studies.DesignHere we report from a cohort study on lifestyle factors and upper respiratory tract infections among 1805 men and women. We introduced interactivity in the form of personalized feedback and feedback on a group level regarding dietary intake, physical activity and incidence of infections in web-based questionnaires as incentives for the respondents to continue answering questions and stay in the study.SettingThe study was performed in Sweden.SubjectsAll participants were randomly selected from the population registry.ResultsPersonalized feedback was offered in the baseline questionnaire and feedback on a group level in the five follow-up questionnaires. In total, 88 % of the participants actively chose to get personalized feedback at least once in the baseline questionnaire. The follow-up questionnaires were sent by email and the overall compliance at each follow-up was 83–84 %, despite only one reminder. In total, 74 % completed all five follow-ups. However, the compliance was higher among those who chose feedback in the baseline questionnaire compared with those who did not choose feedback.ConclusionsThe results show that it is possible to use feedback in web questionnaires and that it has the potential to increase compliance. The majority of the participants actively chose to take part in the personalized feedback in the baseline questionnaire and future research should focus on improving the design of the feedback, which may ultimately result in even higher compliance in research studies.
Swine influenza surveillance in East and Southeast Asia: a systematic review
Authors: Trevennec Karen , Cowling Benjamin J. , Peyre Marisa , Baudon Eugénie , Martineau Guy-Pierre , Roger François 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEast and Southeast Asia are important pig- and poultry-producing areas, where the majority of production takes place on small-scale farms with low biosecurity levels. This systematic review synthesizes data on swine influenza virology, serology and epidemiology in East and Southeast Asia. A total of 77 research articles, literature reviews and conference papers were selected and analyzed from 510 references retrieved from PubMed and ISI Web of KnowledgeSM. The number of published articles increased in the last 3 years, which may be attributed to improvement in monitoring and/or a better promotion of surveillance data. Nevertheless, large inequalities in surveillance and research among countries are underlined. Virological results represent the largest part of published data, while the serological and epidemiological features of swine influenza in East and Southeast Asia remain poorly described. The literature shows that there have been several emergences of swine influenza in the region, and also considerable evidence of multiple introductions of North American and avian-like European strains. Furthermore, several avian-origin strains are isolated from pigs, including H5 and H9 subtypes. However, their low seroprevalence in swine also shows that pigs remain poorly infected by these subtypes. We conclude that sero-epidemioligical investigations have been neglected, and that they may help to improve virological surveillance. Inter- and intra-continental surveillance of gene flows will benefit the region. Greater investment is needed in swine influenza surveillance, to improve our knowledge of circulating strains as well as the epidemiology and disease burden in the region.