bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery potential of black rockfish, Sebastes melanops Girard, recompressed following barotrauma
Authors: Pribyl A L , Schreck C B , Kent M L , Kelley K M , Parker S J 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOverfished species of rockfish, Sebastes spp., from the Northeast Pacific experience high bycatch mortality because of ‘barotrauma’, a condition induced from the rapid change in pressure during capture. Field experiments show that it may be possible for rockfish to recover from barotrauma if quickly recompressed; however, no work has followed the physiological recovery of rockfish after recompression or determined whether it is possible for rockfish to survive barotrauma in the long term. Barotrauma was induced in adult black rockfish, Sebastes melanops Girard, from a simulated depth of 35 m, followed by recompression. Blood and selected tissues (eye, heart ventricle, head kidney, liver, rete mirabile and gonad) were sampled at days 3, 15 and 31 post‐recompression to evaluate the tissue‐ and physiologic‐level response during recovery. No mortality from barotrauma occurred during the experiments, and feeding resumed in 80% of both treatment and control fish. The primary injury in treatment fish was the presence of a ruptured swimbladder and/or a ruptured tunica externa (outer layer of swimbladder), which was slow to heal. Blood plasma was analysed for glucose, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and cortisol. Plasma analyses indicated no strong effects because of barotrauma, suggesting overall handling stress outweighed any effect from barotrauma. Rockfish with ruptured swimbladders may face compromised competency in the wild; however, it appears the majority of black rockfish decompressed from 35 m have a high potential for recovery if recompressed immediately after capture. This research suggests recompression could be a valuable bycatch mortality reduction tool for rockfish in recreational fisheries.
Do individuals with intellectual disability select appropriate objects as landmarks when learning a new route?
Authors: Courbois Y. , Blades M. , Farran E. K. , Sockeel P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground The present study was aimed at investigating the selection of landmarks by individuals with intellectual disability (ID). The hypothesis was that they would be less efficient than individuals without IDs in the selection of landmarks when learning a new route.Methods The experiment took place in a natural setting with a group of participants with ID and a group of control participants matched by chronological age. The participants were first guided along a route situated in an unfamiliar district. Then, they had to guide the experimenter along the route while pointing to all the objects and features they found useful for wayfinding.Results The designated objects were categorised as a function of their landmarks properties. There were significant differences between the two groups for non‐permanent landmarks, distant landmarks and non‐unique landmarks. The two groups selected landmarks near intersections in the same proportions. However, the individuals with ID selected more non‐unique landmarks and less textual signage than the control group at these decision points.Conclusion Individuals with ID seem to be less efficient than individuals without disability in landmark selection. This may limit their wayfinding abilities in their day‐to‐day travelling. This may also account for their difficulties in obtaining the kind of spatial knowledge which relates to the configural structure of their environment.
The place of surveillance technology in residential care for people with intellectual disabilities: is there an ideal model of application
Authors: Niemeijer A. , Frederiks B. , Depla M. , Eefsting J. , Hertogh C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  The demand for (care) services for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) is on the rise, because of an expanding population of people with ID as resources are concurrently diminishing. As a result, service providers are increasingly turning to technology as a potential answer to this problem. However, the use and application of surveillance technology (ST) in the care for people with ID provokes conflicting reactions among ethicists and healthcare professionals, and no ethical consensus has been reached as of yet. The aim of this study was thus to provide an overview of how ST is viewed by (care) professionals and ethicists working in the field by investigating what the ideal application of ST in the residential care for people with ID might entail.Methods  Use was made of the concept mapping method as developed by Trochim; a computer‐assisted procedure consisting of five subsequent steps: brainstorming, prioritising, clustering, processing by the computer and finally analysis. Various participants (ranging from ethicists, physicians to support workers) were invited on the basis of their intended (professional) background. Prior to this study, the views of care professionals on the (ideal) application of ST in the residential care of people with dementia have been consulted and analysed using concept mapping. A comparison between the two studies has been made.Results  Results show that the generated views represent six categories, varying from it being beneficial to the client; reducing restraints and it being based on a clear vision to (the need for) staff to be equipped; user friendliness and attending to the client. The results are presented in the form of a graphic chart. Both studies have produced very similar results, but there are some differences, as there appears to be more fear for ST among care professionals in the care for people with ID and views are expressed from a more developmental perspective rather than a person‐centred perspective with regard to people with dementia.Conclusions  When it comes to views on using technology both in dementia care and the care for people with ID, there appears to be an inherent duality, often rooted in the moral conflict between safety versus freedom or autonomy. What is more, elaboration on abstract concepts often presumed to be self‐evident, whether ethical or not, has proven to be difficult. How ST is viewed and apprehended is not so much dependent of the care setting and care needs, but rather whether it is clear to everyone affected by ST, what one wants to achieve with ST.
Systematic review of cognitive development across childhood in Down syndrome: implications for treatment interventions
Authors: Patterson T. , Rapsey C. M. , Glue P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground There is conjecture regarding the profile of cognitive development over time in children with Down syndrome (DS). Characterising this profile would be valuable for the planning and assessment of intervention studies.Method A systematic search of the literature from 1990 to the present was conducted to identify longitudinal data on cognitive trajectories in children with DS.Results Thirteen studies were identified: six assessed overall cognitive performance and seven assessed specific cognitive domains. Studies assessing IQ reported a decline across time. Studies assessing change in cognitive domains were, for the most part, not interpretable because of large age ranges in samples obscuring age‐specific data.Conclusion The current literature has only begun to describe typical cognitive developmental trajectories in children with DS; additional research is needed to clarify this topic.
Progradational Holocene carbonate tidal flats of Crooked Island, south‐east Bahamas: An alternative to the humid channelled belt model
Authors: BERKELEY ANDREW , RANKEY EUGENE C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe stratigraphic record of many cratonic carbonate sequences includes thick successions of stacked peritidal deposits. Representing accumulation at or near sea‐level, these deposits have provided insights into past palaeoenvironments, sea‐level and climate change. To expand understanding of carbonate peritidal systems, this study describes the geomorphology, sedimentology and stratigraphy of the tidal flats on the Crooked‐Acklins Platform, south‐east Bahamas. The Crooked Island tidal flats extend continuously for ca 18 km on the platformward flank of Crooked Island, reaching up to 2 km across. Tidal flats include four environmental zones with specific faunal and floral associations and depositional characteristics: (i) supratidal (continuous supratidal crust and pavement); (ii) upper intertidal, with the mangrove Avicennia germinans and the cyanobacteria Scytonema; (iii) lower intertidal (with the mangrove Rhizophora mangal) and (iv) non‐vegetated, heavily burrowed subtidal (submarine). These zones have gradational boundaries but follow shore‐parallel belts. Coring reveals that the thickness of this mud‐dominated sediment package generally is <2 m, with depth to Pleistocene bedrock gradually shallowing landward. The facies succession under much of the tidal flat includes a basal compacted, organic‐rich skeletal‐lithoclast lag above the bedrock contact (suggesting initial flooding). This unit grades upward into rhizoturbated skeletal sandy mud (subtidal) overlain by coarsening‐upward peloid‐foraminifera‐gastropod muddy sand (reflecting shallowing to intertidal elevations). Cores from landward positions include stacked thin indurated layers with autoclastic breccia, root tubules and fenestrae (interpreted as supratidal conditions). Collectively, the data reveal an offlapping pattern on this prograding low‐energy shoreline, and these Holocene tidal flats may represent an actualistic analogue for ancient humid progradational tidal flats. Nonetheless, their vertical facies succession is akin to that present beneath channelled belt examples, suggesting that facies successions alone may not provide unambiguous criteria for prediction of the palaeogeomorphology, lateral facies changes and heterogeneity in stratigraphic analogues.
Rice LGD1 containing RNA binding activity affects growth and development through alternative promoters
Authors: Thangasamy Saminathan , Chen Pei‐Wei , Lai Ming‐Hsing , Chen Jychian , Jauh Guang‐Yuh 
Published: March 2012

SummaryTiller initiation and panicle development are important agronomical traits for grain production inOryza sativa L. (rice), but their regulatory mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, T‐DNA mutant and RNAi transgenic approaches were used to functionally characterize a unique rice gene,LAGGING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 1(LGD1). Thelgd1mutant showed slow growth, reduced tiller number and plant height, altered panicle architecture and reduced grain yield. The fewer unelongated internodes and cells inlgd1led to respective reductions in tiller number and to semi‐dwarfism. Several independentLGD1‐RNAi lines exhibited defective phenotypes similar to those observed inlgd1. Interestingly,LGD1encodes multiple transcripts with different transcription start sites (TSSs), which were validated by RNA ligase‐mediated rapid amplification of 5′ and 3′ cDNA ends (RLM‐RACE). Additionally, GUS assays and a luciferase promoter assay confirmed the promoter activities ofLGD1.1andLGD1.5.LGD1encoding a von Willebrand factor type A (vWA) domain containing protein is a single gene in rice that is seemingly specific to grasses. GFP‐tagged LGD1 isoforms were predominantly detected in the nucleus, and weakly in the cytoplasm.In vitronorthwestern analysis showed the RNA‐binding activity of the recombinant C‐terminal LGD1 protein. Our results demonstrated thatLGD1pleiotropically regulated rice vegetative growth and development through both the distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns of its multiple transcripts and RNA binding activity. Hence, the study ofLGD1will strengthen our understanding of the molecular basis of the multiple transcripts, and their corresponding polypeptides with RNA binding activity, that regulate pleiotropic effects in rice.
JAIBA, a class‐II HD‐ZIP transcription factor involved in the regulation of meristematic activity, and important for correct gynoecium and fruit development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zúñiga‐Mayo Victor M. , Marsch‐Martínez Nayelli , de Folter Stefan 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe gynoecium is one of the most complex organs of a plant. After fertilization, it becomes a fruit, which has two important functions: to protect the seeds while they develop and to disperse them at maturity. The development and patterning of the gynoecium and later fruit must be finely regulated to ensure the survival of the species that produces them. The process that leads to successful fruit formation starts at early stages of floral meristem development and follows a series of chronologically successive events. In this work we report the functional characterization of the class‐II homeodomain leucine zipper (HD‐ZIP) JAIBA (JAB) gene. Mutant jab plants show sporophytic defects in male and female reproductive development, and combined with crabs claw cause defects in the floral meristem (FM) determination process and gynoecium medial tissue development. This suggests that proper FM determination is required for gynoecium medial tissue development, and indicates that JAB and CRC are necessary for both processes. Furthermore, the JAB protein interacts with transcription factors known to regulate meristematic activity, fruit development, and floral meristem determinacy. The sporophytic effect on pollen and embryo sac development might be an independent and later function of JAB. In summary, we present data that indicates that the JAB gene regulates meristematic activity in different tissues, and that it is necessary for the correct formation of the gynoecium at different stages, contributing to a crucial process in plant life: proper fruit development.
Prieurianin/endosidin 1 is an actin‐stabilizing small molecule identified from a chemical genetic screen for circadian clock effectors in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Tóth Réka , Gerding‐Reimers Claas , Deeks Michael J. , Menninger Sascha , Gallegos Rafael M. , Tonaco Isabella A. N. , Hübel Katja , Hussey Patrick J. , Waldmann Herbert , Coupland George 
Published: March 2012

SummaryChemical modulators are powerful tools to investigate biological processes. To identify circadian clock effectors, we screened a natural product library in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Two compounds, prieurianin (Pri) and prieurianin acetate, were identified as causing a shorter circadian period. Recently, Pri was independently identified as a vesicle trafficking inhibitor and re‐named endosidin 1 (ES1). Here we show that Pri primarily affects actin filament flexibility in vivo, later resulting in reduced severing and filament depolymerization. This stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton subsequently causes changes in vesicle trafficking. Pri also affected microfilaments in mammalian cells, indicating that its target is highly conserved; however, it did not alter actin dynamics in vitro, suggesting that its activity requires the presence of actin‐associated proteins. Furthermore, well‐characterized actin inhibitors shortened the period length of the Arabidopsis clock in a similar way to Pri, supporting the idea that Pri affects rhythms by altering the actin network. We conclude that actin‐associated processes influence the circadian system in a light‐dependent manner, but their disruption does not abolish rhythmicity. In summary, we propose that the primary effect of Pri is to stabilize the actin cytoskeleton system, thereby affecting endosome trafficking. Pri appears to stabilize actin filaments by a different mechanism from previously described inhibitors, and will be a useful tool to study actin‐related cellular processes.
Antimicrobial peptides: agents of border protection for companion animals
Authors: Leonard Brian C. , Affolter Verena K. , Bevins Charles L. 
Published: March 2012

Over the past 20 years, there have been significant inroads into understanding the roles of antimicrobial peptides in homeostatic functions and their involvement in disease pathogenesis. In addition to direct antimicrobial activity, these peptides participate in many cellular functions, including chemotaxis, wound healing and even determination of canine coat colour. Various biological and genetic approaches have helped to elucidate the role of antimicrobial peptides with respect to innate immunity and host defense.Associations of antimicrobial peptides with various skin diseases, including psoriasis, rosacea and atopic dermatitis, have been documented in humans. In the longer term, therapeutic modulation of antimicrobial peptide expression may provide effective new treatments for disease.This review highlights current knowledge about antimicrobial peptides of the skin and circulating leukocytes, with particular focus on relevance to physiology and disease in companion animals.
Comparative mutant prevention concentration and mechanism of resistance to veterinary fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Authors: Gebru Awji Elias , Tassew Dereje Damte , Lee Joong‐Su , Lee Seung‐Jin , Choi Myung‐Jin , Reza Mohammad Ahsanur , Rhee Man‐Hee , Kim Tae‐Hwan , Park Seung‐Chun 
Published: March 2012

Background –  The problem of antibacterial drug resistance is increasing worldwide, in part due to the therapeutic concentrations currently used based on the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as a measure of potency are often the very concentrations required to selectively enrich the resistant mutant portion of the population. A mutant prevention concentration (MPC)‐based dosing strategy is suggested to improve the therapeutic outcome based on the MIC.Objective –  Our aim was to investigate the MPC and mechanism of resistance to various fluoroquinolones using recent Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from canine pyoderma.Methods –  The broth microdilution method for MIC and a series of agar plates containing different concentrations of fluoroquinolones were inoculated with ∼1010 colony‐forming units of the bacterial culture for MPC were used. PCR was used to identify mutation in the resistant isolates.Results –  The rank order of potency based on MIC and MPC was ciprofloxacin = enrofloxacin ≥ marbofloxacin > difloxacin ≥ orbifloxacin. Integrating our data with reported pharmacokinetic data at the recommended dose ranges revealed that only high doses of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin could achieve a maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) greater than the MPC of 90% of isolates (Cmax/MPC90). The overall rank of potency against S. pseudintermedius, based on Cmax/MIC, Cmax/MPC, the area under concentration–time curve (AUC)/MIC and AUC/MPC values, was in decreasing order: enrofloxacin > ciprofloxacin ≥ marbofloxacin ≥ orbifloxacin = difloxacin. Sequencing of the quinolone resistant determining region of gyrA, gyrB, grlA and grlB of resistant strains showed a base‐pair substitution in both gyrA and gyrB that resulted in Ser‐84 to Leu and Ser‐80 to Arg amino acid changes, respectively.Conclusions and clinical importance –  High doses of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin could minimize the selection of resistant mutants, whereas the possibility of selecting mutants with the conventional doses of difloxacin and orbifloxacin, and low clinical doses of all fluoroquinolones, seems high.
Living donor kidney paired donation transplantation: experience as a founding member center of the National Kidney Registry
Authors: Leeser David B. , Aull Meredith J. , Afaneh Cheguevara , Dadhania Darshana , Charlton Marian , Walker Jennifer K. , Hartono Choli , Serur David , Del Pizzo Joseph J. , Kapur Sandip 
Published: March 2012

AbstractKidney paired donation (KPD) is a safe and effective means of transplantation for transplant candidates with willing but incompatible donors. We report our single‐center experience with KPD through participation in the National Kidney Registry. Patient demographics, transplant rates, and clinical outcomes including delayed graft function (DGF), rejection, and survival were analyzed. We also review strategies employed by our center to maximize living donor transplantation through KPD. We entered 44 incompatible donor/recipient pairs into KPD from 9/2007 to 1/2011, enabling 50 transplants. Incompatibility was attributable to blood type (54.4%) and donor‐specific sensitization (43.2%). Thirty‐six candidates (81.8%) were transplanted after 157 d (median), enabling pre‐emptive transplantation in eight patients. Fourteen candidates on the deceased donor waiting list also received transplants. More than 50% of kidneys were received from other transplant centers. DGF occurred in 6%; one‐yr rejection rate was 9.1%. One‐yr patient and graft survival was 98.0% and 94.8%. KPD involving participation of multiple transplant centers can provide opportunities for transplantation, with potential to expand the donor pool, minimize waiting times, and enable pre‐emptive transplantation. Our experience demonstrates promising short‐term outcomes; however, longer follow‐up is needed to assess the impact of KPD on the shortage of organs available for transplantation.
Selective bladder preservation with curative intent for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A contemporary review
Authors: Koga Fumitaka , Kihara Kazunori 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRadical cystectomy plus urinary diversion, the reference standard treatment for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, associates with high complication rates and compromises quality of life as a result of long‐term effects on urinary, gastrointestinal and sexual function, and changes in body image. As a society ages, the number of elderly patients unfit for radical cystectomy as a result of comorbidity will increase, and thus the demand for bladder‐sparing approaches for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer will also inevitably increase. Trimodality bladder‐sparing approaches consisting of transurethral resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (Σ55–65 Gy) yield overall survival rates comparable with those of radical cystectomy series (50–70% at 5 years), while preserving the native bladder in 40–60% of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer patients, contributing to an improvement in quality of life for such patients. Limitations of the trimodality therapy include (i) muscle‐invasive bladder cancer recurrence in the preserved bladder, which most often arises in the original muscle‐invasive bladder cancer site; (ii) potential lack of curative intervention for regional lymph nodes; and (iii) increased morbidity in the event of salvage radical cystectomy for remaining or recurrent disease as a result of high‐dose pelvic irradiation. Consolidative partial cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection followed by induction chemoradiotherapy at lower dose (e.g. 40 Gy) is a rational strategy for overcoming such limitations by strengthening locoregional control and reducing radiation dosage. Molecular profiling of the tumor and functional imaging might play important roles in optimal patient selection for bladder preservation. Refinement of radiation techniques, intensified concurrent or adjuvant chemotherapy, and novel sensitizers, including molecular targeting agent, are also expected to improve outcomes and consequently provide more muscle‐invasive bladder cancer patients with favorable quality of life.