bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemometric assessment of the semivolatile organic contaminants content in the atmosphere of the selected sites in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Stafilov Trajče , Škrbić Biljana , Klánová Jana , Čupr Pavel , Holoubek Ivan , Kočov Marin , Đurišić‐Mladenović Nataša 
Published: March 2011

AbstractData obtained through a pilot study for the development of the monitoring network in the Central and Eastern Europe (MONET_CEEC) 2006, regarding the occurrence of 12 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 28 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air of six locations in the Republic of Macedonia have been interpreted by principal component (PCA) and cluster (CA) analysis. The data structures of three sets organized to contain the atmospheric concentrations of (a) PAHs, the so‐called PAHs set, (b) both classes of organochlorine compounds (PCBs and OCPs) grouped in the organochlorinated compounds (OCCs) set and (c) the overall data (the semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) set) were compared. The PCA results suggested mixed origin of PAHs, especially dominant in the urban zones of Skopje, the capital of the Republic of Macedonia. Furthermore, it was found that retene had a distinctive source that separated it from the rest of the PAHs, and it was linked to the incidents of biomass burning. The OCC atmospheric patterns differed among the sites more than it was the case with the PAH patterns, implying some site‐specific sources or conditions that influenced the OCC atmospheric concentrations. CA coupled with bootstraps confirmed the groupings of samples found by the PCA biplots. The influence of available meteorological parameters on the SVOC atmospheric concentrations has been evaluated by multiple regression analysis (MRA) indicating the positive impacts of temperature and wind speed for majority of analyzed SVOCs. Precipitation was found to be linked proportionally only with pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Concurrent Eating and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Courbasson Christine , Nishikawa Yasunori , Dixon Lauren 
Published: March 2011

Aim. The current study examined the preliminary efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) adapted for concurrent eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs).Method. A matched randomized controlled trial was carried out with 25 female outpatients diagnosed with concurrent ED and SUD. Participants randomized to the intervention condition received DBT, whereas those randomized to the control condition received treatment as usual (TAU), both for a period of 1 year. A series of measures related to disordered eating, substance use and depression were administered to the participants at the beginning of treatment and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months into treatment, followed by 3‐month and 6‐month follow‐up assessments.Findings. Participants randomized to the DBT condition evidenced a superior retention rate relative to their counterparts in the TAU condition at various study time points, including post‐treatment (80% versus 20%) and follow‐up (60% versus 20%). Due to the unexpected elevated dropout rates and the worsening of ED–SUD symptomatology in the TAU condition, recruitment efforts were terminated early. Results from the DBT condition revealed that the intervention had a significant positive effect on behavioural and attitudinal features of disordered eating, substance use severity and use, negative mood regulation and depressive symptoms. Finally, increases in participants' perceived ability to regulate and cope with negative emotional states were significantly associated with decreases in emotional eating and increases in levels of confidence in ability to resist urges for substance use.Conclusion. Results suggest that the adapted DBT might hold promise for treating individuals with concurrent ED and SUD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

The current study is the first study to report positive effects of DBT on individuals with concurrent eating and substance use disorders. Although the results require replication and extension, they suggest that the DBT may be promising for this population.
The results suggest that clinicians treating individuals with concurrent eating and substance use problems should be particularly cautious of poor treatment retention and treatment complications.
The results bear upon the highly salient and important issue of whether individuals with concurrent substance use need to be excluded from research studies and treatment programmes.
Synthesis and characterization of magnesium doped lead titanate
Authors: Fadil F. Z. , Lamcharfi T. , Abdi F. , Aillerie M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) doped lead titanate powders (PT: Mg) ceramics, with various Mg contents (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, and 30 mole %), are prepared by the sol‐gel method and characterized by X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. XRD results show that the magnesium diminishes the lattice tetragonality of PT:Mg. The average particle size and morphology were studied by SEM. The investigations done by Raman spectroscopy allow the analyzis of the substitution mechanism behavior related to the Mg incorporation into PT structure. A concentration threshold appears around 10% of Mg corresponding in a change of the compensation process with Mg2+ ions replacing Pb2+ ions below and both Pb2+ and Ti4+ above. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diagnostics of Space Plasma on Board International Space Station ‐ ISS
Authors: Rothkaehl H. , Morawski M. , Puccio W. , Bergman J. , Klimov S. I. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractElectromagnetic emissions observed in the nearest Earth environment are a superposition of natural emissions and various types of man‐made noises. Also, as a consequence of catastrophic events on the Earth surface such as: thunderstorm activity, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, electromagnetic signals are registered on board low orbiting satellites. Therefore, a more accurate physical description of such a complex and dynamic system calls for a long term multi‐point and multi‐scales coordinated monitoring of space environment.The aim of OBSTANOVKA experiment on board ISS station is to monitor and diagnose the electromagnetic radiation and property of plasma around station, to enable the development theory of near Earth plasma interaction and for application purposes in space technology. To achieve these goals the Plasma‐Wave Complex (PWC) was designed and constructed. Radio Frequency Analyser (RFA) has been developed jointly by SRC PAS in Warsaw and by IRF in Uppsala. New design radio receiver for frequency band 0.1‐15 MHz, with three electric and magnetic field component of antenna system on board ISS was designed to monitoring and investigate the ionospheric plasma property and artificial noises generated around ISS. The instrument can be also used for monitoring the electromagnetic ecosystem for space weather purpose. New digital technology of this instrument creates a excellent possibility for monitoring the electromagnetic emissions in space and time domain (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cytometry of DNA replication and RNA synthesis: Historical perspective and recent advances based on “click chemistry”
Authors: Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew , Traganos Frank , Zhao Hong , Halicka H. Dorota , Li Jiangwei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis review covers progress in the development of cytometric methodologies designed to assess DNA replication and RNA synthesis. The early approaches utilizing autoradiography to detect incorporation of 3H‐ or 14C‐labeled thymidine were able to identify the four fundamental phases of the cell cycle G1, S, G2, and M, and by analysis of the fraction of labeled mitosis (FLM), to precisely define the kinetics of cell progression through these phases. Analysis of 3H‐uridine incorporation and RNA content provided the means to distinguish quiescent G0 from cycling G1 cells. Subsequent progress in analysis of DNA replication was based on the use of BrdU as a DNA precursor and its detection by the quenching of the fluorescence intensity of DNA‐bound fluorochromes such as Hoechst 33358 or acridine orange as measured by flow cytometry. Several variants of this methodology have been designed and used in studies to detect anticancer drug‐induced perturbations of cell cycle kinetics. The next phase of method development, which was particularly useful in studies of the cell cycle in vivo, including clinical applications, relied on immunocytochemical detection of incorporated halogenated DNA or RNA precursors. This approach however was hampered by the need for DNA denaturation, which made it difficult to concurrently detect other cell constituents for multiparametric analysis. The recently introduced “click chemistry” approach has no such limitation and is the method of choice for analysis of DNA replication and RNA synthesis. This method is based on the use of 5‐ethynyl‐2′deoxyuridine (EdU) as a DNA precursor or 5‐ethynyluridine (EU) as an RNA precursor and their detection with fluorochrome‐tagged azides utilizing a copper (I) catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition. Several examples are presented that illustrate incorporation of EdU or EU in cells subjected to DNA damage detected as histone H2AX phosphorylation that have been analyzed by flow or laser scanning cytometry. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Validated stability‐indicating derivative and derivative ratio methods for the determination of some drugs used to alleviate respiratory tract disorders and their degradation products
Authors: Hassib Sonia T. , El‐Zaher Asmaa A. , Fouad Marwa A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDerivative and derivative ratio methods are presented for the determination of butamirate citrate, formoterol fumarate, montelukast sodium, and sodium cromoglycate. Using the second derivative ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, butamirate citrate and formoterol fumarate were determined by measuring the peak amplitude at 260.4 and 261.8 nm, respectively, without any interference of their degradation products. Butamirate citrate degradation product, 2‐phenyl butyric acid, was determined by the measurement of its second derivative amplitude at 246.7 nm where butamirate citrate displays zero crossing. Formoterol fumarate degradation product, desformyl derivative, could be evaluated through the use of the first derivative at peak amplitude of 264.8 nm where interference of formoterol fumarate is negligible. In the first mode, the zero‐crossing technique was applied at 305 nm for the determination of montelukast sodium in the presence of its photodegradation product, cis‐isomer. The derivative of ratio spectra of montelukast sodium and its cis‐ isomer were used to determine both isomers using the first derivative of the ratio spectra by measuring the amplitudes of the trough at 305 nm and the peak at 308 nm, respectively. The later technique was also used for the determination of a ternary mixture of sodium cromoglycate and its two degradation products using zero‐crossing method. In the derivative ratio spectra of the ternary mixture, trough depths were measured at 271.6, 302.8 and 302.2 nm, using the second, the first, and the second mode to evaluate sodium cromoglycate, degradation product (1) and degradation product (2), respectively. All the methods were applied successfully to the pharmaceutical preparation and were validated according to ICH guidelines. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Straightforward Access to (Imidazol‐2‐yl)acetates by Reaction of 2‐Unsubstituted Imidazole 3‐Oxides with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate
Authors: Mlostoń Grzegorz , Jasiński Marcin , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new method for the preparation of 1,4,5‐trisubstituted (imidazol‐2‐yl)acetates, based on the reaction of the corresponding imidazole 3‐oxides with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) is described. Formation of the products is rationalized by a formal 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and subsequent oxaloyl cleavage.
In‐channel amperometric detection for microchip electrophoresis using a wireless isolated potentiostat
Authors: Gunasekara Dulan B. , Hulvey Matthew K. , Lunte Susan M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe combination of microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection leads to a number of analytical challenges that are associated with isolating the detector from the high voltages used for the separation. While methods such as end‐channel alignment and the use of decouplers have been employed, they have limitations. A less common method has been to utilize an electrically isolated potentiostat. This approach allows placement of the working electrode directly in the separation channel without using a decoupler. This paper explores the use of microchip electrophoresis and electrochemical detection with an electrically isolated potentiostat for the separation and in‐channel detection of several biologically important anions. The separation employed negative polarity voltages and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (as a buffer modifier) for the separation of nitrite (NO), glutathione, ascorbic acid, and tyrosine. A half‐wave potential shift of approximately negative 500 mV was observed for NO and H2O2 standards in the in‐channel configuration compared to end‐channel. Higher separation efficiencies were observed for both NO and H2O2 with the in‐channel detection configuration. The limits of detection were approximately two‐fold lower and the sensitivity was approximately two‐fold higher for in‐channel detection of nitrite when compared to end‐channel. The application of this microfluidic device for the separation and detection of biomarkers related to oxidative stress is described.
Grain size and topographical differences between static and mobile armour layers
Authors: Mao Luca , Cooper James R. , Frostick Lynne E. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTA series of laboratory flume experiments under conditions of sediment starvation (zero sediment feeding) and recirculation were conducted in order to identify the temporal evolution and surface properties of static and mobile armour layers. The experiments were carried out in an 8 m long flume using a bimodal grain‐size mixture (D50 = 6·2 mm) and a range of shear stresses ranging from 4·0 to 8·6 N m–2. The results confirm that a static armour layer is coarser than a mobile one, and that the grain size of a mobile armour layer is rather insensitive to changes in the imposed flow strength. An analysis of laser scan bed surveys revealed the highly structured and imbricated nature of the static armour layer. Under these conditions the vertical roughness length scale of the bed diminished and it became topographically less complex at higher forming discharges. The topography of mobile armour layers created by rising discharges differed. They exhibited a greater roughness length scale and were less organized, despite the fact that the grain size of the surface material maintained an approximately constant value during recirculation. Also, the mobile armour tended to create larger cluster structures than static armour layers when formed by higher discharges. These differences were mainly due to the transport of the coarser fraction of bed sediments, which diminished to zero over the static armour because of being hidden within the bed, whereas in the mobile armour the coarser particles protruded into the flow and were actively transported, increasing the vertical roughness length scale. Overall, the results show that an examination of the grain size characteristics of armour layers cannot be used to infer sediment mobility and bed roughness. Detailed elevation models of exposed surfaces of gravel‐bed rivers are required to provide critical insight on the sediment availability and sedimentation processes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lateral plucking as a mechanism for elongate erosional glacial bedforms: explaining megagrooves in Britain and Canada
Authors: Krabbendam Maarten , Bradwell Tom 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTMegagrooves are kilometre‐scale linear topographic lows carved in bedrock, separated by ridges, typically in areas of largely devoid of till. They have been reported from several areas covered by Pleistocene glaciations, such as Canadian Northwest (NW) Territories, Michigan and NW Scotland. Here we report two previously undocumented megagroove fields from Ungava, Canada, and northern England, and present new analyses of the megagrooves from NW Scotland. This paper seeks to determine the nature of the lithological and structural controls on the occurrence and formation of megagrooves. Analysis of both geomorphological and bedrock properties shows that megagrooves are generally:

confined to well stratified or layered bedrock, such as (meta)sedimentary rocks with closely spaced joints, and tend not to occur on massive rocks such as gneiss or granite, or thick‐bedded sedimentary rocks;
subparallel to palaeo‐ice flow and the strike of the strata; and tend not to occur where palaeo‐ice flow is at high angles to the strike of strata;
produced by significant glacial erosion by sustained unidirectional ice flow.Detailed analysis of megagrooves in NW Scotland shows that neither glacio‐fluvial erosion, nor differential abrasion was the dominant mechanism of formation. A mechanism, here termed ‘lateral plucking’, is suggested that involves block plucking on rock steps parallel to ice flow. Removal of joint‐bounded blocks from such rock steps involves a component of rotation along a vertical axis. Block removal may be enhanced by a direct component of shear stress onto the vertical stoss sides. The lateral plucking mechanism results in horizontal erosion at right angles to the ice flow, and enhances the groove/ridge topography. Megagrooves are potentially useful as palaeo‐ice flow indicators in areas devoid of till, and can thus complement the palaeo‐ice stream datasets which are presently largely based on soft‐sediment landform studies. British Geological Survey © NERC 2011
A fast WT‐based algorithm to distinguish between transformer internal faults and inrush currents
Authors: Rahmati A. , Sanaye‐Pasand M. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel algorithm for power transformer differential protection which differentiates internal faults from magnetizing inrush currents and saturation of current transformers using wavelet transform. The technique is based on pattern recognition of the instantaneous differential currents using the high‐frequency components generated during the disturbance. These components are extracted using a wavelet‐based processor stage. In this method, an appropriate criterion at a suitable frequency range is developed. Using the developed criterion for three phases, internal faults are correctly detected in about 1/8th cycle after occurrence of the disturbance. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using generated data from simulation of a model power system using Electromagnetic Transients Program software. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested in many different cases and promising results are obtained. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal least squares support vector machines for SMES controller design using wide area phasor measurements
Authors: Pahasa Jonglak , Ngamroo Issarachai 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, the least squares support vector machines (LS‐SVMs) based design of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) controller is proposed for wide area stability control. The LS‐SVMs for SMES controllers are trained by local and inter‐area data based on synchronized phasor measurements considering time delay. A large amount of training data set of a multi‐machine power system is reduced by the measurement of similarity among samples. The LS‐SVM parameters and the similarity threshold are optimized by a particle swarm optimization. Subsequently, the redundant data in the training set can be discarded while the reduced data are the optimal support vectors in the LS‐SVM model. The LS‐SVM control signals can be adapted by various operating conditions and different disturbances. Simulation results in a six‐area West Japan interconnected power system demonstrate that the proposed LS‐SVM for SMES controller is robust to various disturbances under wide range of operating conditions in comparison to the conventional SMES. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative and positive predictive values of nerve monitoring in thyroidectomy
Authors: Cernea Claudio R. , Brandão Lenine G. , Hojaij Flavio C. , De Carlucci Dorival , Brandão José , Cavalheiro Beatriz , Sondermann Adriana 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent nerve injury is 1 of the most important complications of thyroidectomy. During the last decade, nerve monitoring has gained increasing acceptance in several centers as a method to predict and to document nerve function at the end of the operation. We evaluated the efficacy of a nerve monitoring system in a series of patients who underwent thyroidectomy and critically analyzed the negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) of the method.MethodsNIM System efficacy was prospectively analyzed in 447 patients who underwent thyroidectomy between 2001 and 2008 (366 female/81 male; 420 white/47 nonwhite; 11 to 82 years of age; median, 43 years old). There were 421 total thyroidectomies and 26 partial thyroidectomies, leading to 868 nerves at risk. The gold standard to evaluate inferior laryngeal nerve function was early postoperative videolaryngoscopy, which was repeated after 4 to 6 months in all patients with abnormal endoscopic findings.ResultsAt the early evaluation, 858 nerves (98.8%) presented normal videolaryngoscopic features after surgery. Ten paretic/paralyzed nerves (1.2%) were detected (2 unexpected unilateral paresis, 2 unexpected bilateral paresis, 1 unexpected unilateral paralysis, 1 unexpected bilateral paralyses, and 1 expected unilateral paralysis). At the late videolaryngoscopy, only 2 permanent nerve paralyses were noted (0.2%), with an ultimate result of 99.8% functioning nerves. Nerve monitoring showed absent or markedly reduced electrical activity at the end of the operations in 25/868 nerves (2.9%), including all 10 endoscopically compromised nerves, with 15 false‐positive results. There were no false‐negative results. Therefore, the PPV was 40.0%, and the NPV was 100%.ConclusionsIn the present series, nerve monitoring had a very high PPV but a low NPV for the detection of recurrent nerve injury. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
In vitro toxicity of aflatoxin B1 and its photodegradation products in HepG2 cells
Authors: Liu Ruijie , Jin Qingzhe , Huang Jianhua , Liu Yuanfa , Wang Xingguo , Zhou Xinglong , Mao Wenyue , Wang Shanshan 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were studied using the HepG2 cell line. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis and p53 expression were assessed after exposure to different concentrations of AFB1 (0–100 μm) and its two types of degradation products, namely the mixtures of photodegradation products in water (Pw) and the mixtures of photodegradation products in peanut oil (Po) for different time periods (0, 24, and 48 h). After exposure of the HepG2 cells to these compounds for different times and concentrations, the cytotoxicity of Pw and Po decreased approximately 40 and 100% compared with AFB1, respectively. The expression of p53 protein decreased significantly in AFB1‐exposed cells, decreased slightly in Pw‐treated cells and did not decrease compared to the untreated cells. The results of the in vitro cytotoxicity assay indicate that Pw is less toxic than AFB1, and Po has almost no toxicity, which can be explained by the differences in the chemical nature of the various kinds of the test compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.