bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting and treating depression in people with mild intellectual disability: the views of key stakeholders
Authors: McGillivray Jane A. , McCabe Marita P. 
Published: November 2009

Accessible summary

Some people with intellectual disability feel depressed and it is important that we find out about this early and that we try to help them.
We asked some people with intellectual disability, some family and some staff about what depression is like and what sort of things led to depression in people with mild intellectual disability.
The people we talked to told us that there are lots of things that might show that a person is depressed. For example, they may not want to do things, they may want to be by themselves, they may have tantrums or even hurt themselves.
They also said there were lots of things that could help, like having good friends and having people to help them. Most people said it would be good if staff knew more about depression and could teach people how to cope with feeling sad.

SummaryThere is a pressing need for the development of programs for the early identification and treatment of depression in individuals with mild intellectual disability. The aim of this study was to ascertain the perspective of 64 key stakeholders (people with intellectual disability, healthcare professionals, family/caregivers & support workers) regarding the risk factors and characteristics of depression, the support and service needs of individuals with intellectual disability/depression and those who care for them. Findings enhance our understanding of depression and its risk factors in people with mild intellectual disability and endorse the need for the development of screening and intervention programs suitable for delivery by staff in agencies providing services to people with mild intellectual disability.
HMGA2 Is Confirmed To Be Associated with Human Adult Height
Authors: Yang Tie‐Lin , Guo Yan , Zhang Li‐Shu , Tian Qing , Yan Han , Guo Yan‐Fang , Deng Hong‐Wen 
Published: November 2009

SummaryRecent genome‐wide association studies have identified a novel polymorphism, rs1042725, in the HMGA2 gene for human adult height, a highly heritable complex trait. Replications in independent populations are needed to evaluate a positive finding and determine its generality. Thus, we performed a replication study to examine the associations between polymorphisms in HMGA2 and adult height in two US Caucasian populations (an unrelated sample of 998 subjects and a family‐based sample of 8385 subjects) and a Chinese population (1638 unrelated Han subjects). We confirmed the association between rs1042725 in HMGA2 and adult height both in the unrelated and family‐based Caucasian populations (overall P= 4.25 × 10−9). Another two SNPs (rs7968902 and rs7968682), which were in high linkage disequilibrium with rs1042725, also achieved the significance level in both Caucasian populations (overall P= 6.34 × 10−7, and 2.72 × 10−9, respectively). Our results provide strong support to the initial finding. Moreover, SNP rs1042725 was firstly found to be associated with adult height (P= 0.008) in the Chinese population, and the effect is in the same direction as in the Caucasian populations, suggesting that it is a common variant across different populations. Our study further highlights the importance of the HMGA2 gene's involvement in normal growth.
Beauty and the brain: culture, history and individual differences in aesthetic appreciation
Authors: Jacobsen Thomas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHuman aesthetic processing entails the sensation‐based evaluation of an entity with respect to concepts like beauty, harmony or well‐formedness. Aesthetic appreciation has many determinants ranging from evolutionary, anatomical or physiological constraints to influences of culture, history and individual differences. There are a vast number of dynamically configured neural networks underlying these multifaceted processes of aesthetic appreciation. In the current challenge of successfully bridging art and science, aesthetics and neuroanatomy, the neuro‐cognitive psychology of aesthetics can approach this complex topic using a framework that postulates several perspectives, which are not mutually exclusive. In this empirical approach, objective physiological data from event‐related brain potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging are combined with subjective, individual self‐reports.
The Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts, Conservatism, and Earnings Management
Authors: JACKSON SCOTT B. , LIU XIAOTAO (KELVIN) 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTWe study the interrelation between conservatism and earnings management by examining the allowance for uncollectible accounts and its income statement counterpart, bad debt expense. We find that the allowance is conservative and that it has become more conservative over time. Conservatism may, however, facilitate earnings management. We find that firms manage bad debt expense downward (and even record income‐increasing bad debt expense) to meet or beat analysts’ earnings forecasts and that conservatism accentuates the extent to which firms manage bad debt expense. Further, we find that firms manage bad debt expense downward by drawing down previously recorded over‐accruals of bad debt expense that have accumulated on the balance sheet. An implication of our study is that tighter limits on the amount by which firms are permitted to understate net assets may reduce their ability to manage earnings.
Impact of a Social Skills Intervention on the Hostile Attributions of Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Keil Vivien , Paley Blair , Frankel Fred , O’Connor Mary J. 
Published: November 2009

Background:  Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been linked to a wide array of developmental deficits, including significant impairments in social skills. Given the extensive body of evidence linking social information‐processing patterns with social behavior, it is possible that social information‐processing may represent one mechanism of behavioral change. The present investigation sought to answer the question of whether a well‐established social skills intervention decreased the hostile attributions of children with PAE. Further, was there a differential impact of the intervention on hostile attributions in the context of peer provocation versus group entry scenarios?Methods:  Participants consisted of 100 children (51% male) with PAE between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Participants were randomly assigned to either a social skills intervention, Children’s Friendship Training (CFT), or to a Delayed Treatment Control (DTC) condition.Results:  Analyses indicated that the social skills intervention resulted in a significantly lower proportion of hostile attributions in peer group entry, but not peer provocation, scenarios. This decrease was maintained over a 3‐month follow‐up period.Conclusions:  Deficits in social information‐processing among individuals with PAE can be improved through social skills intervention, and these changes may lead to more positive developmental outcomes.
TRANSPLANTATION AND CELLULAR ENGINEERING: Increasing the economic efficacy of peripheral blood progenitor cell collections by monitoring peripheral blood CD34+ concentrations
Authors: Gutensohn Kai , Magens Mirko M. , Kuehnl Peter , Zeller Wolfgang 
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND:After mobilization, the collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) can either be started a fixed number of days after having passed the white blood cell nadir (fixed‐day scheme) or be based on monitoring of CD34+ cells. This study was conducted to compare both approaches and to assess possible financial consequences.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:For 29 patients daily enumeration of CD34+ cells was used to guide leukapheresis timing. In a retrospective analysis for the same group of patients, application of a fixed‐day scheme was assumed. For scenarios of beginning apheresis 2, 3, 4, or 5 days after WBC nadir, the number of apheresis days and granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) application days that could be saved was calculated.RESULTS:A total of 44 apheresis procedures were performed resulting in a mean CD34+ cell content per apheresis product of 10.4 × 106(range, 0.1 × 106‐49.5 × 106)/kg of body weight. The smallest number of deviation days compared to a fixed‐day scheme was found for beginning an apheresis on Day 3. In comparison to this, CD34+ monitoring reduced the number of G‐CSF days by 9 and the number of apheresis procedures by 11 overall, resulting in savings of €19,965 (US$28,788) in comparison to expenses of €826 (US$1191) for CD34+ monitoring.CONCLUSIONS:Measurement of CD34+ cells has reached a precision enabling a prediction of the harvest success. In comparison to a fixed‐day scheme, daily CD34+ monitoring reduces the donor's exposition to G‐CSF, enables collection of a sufficient number of PBPCs in the least possible number of apheresis sessions, and improves the economic efficacy of the institution.
Application of the bactericidal activity of ε‐poly‐l‐lysine to the storage of human platelet concentrates
Authors: Tanaka Shigenori , Hayashi Tomoya , Tateyama Hidemi , Matsumura Kazuaki , Hyon Suong‐Hyu , Hirayama Fumiya 
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND: ε‐Poly‐l‐lysine (ε‐PLL) is a polypeptide comprising approximately 30 l‐lysine subunits generated by bond formation between α‐carboxy and ε‐amino groups. It is an approved antimicrobial food preservative in Japan. However, the efficacy of ε‐PLL as an antibacterial additive for storage of human platelet concentrates (PCs) is not known.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella oxytoca (20 colony‐forming units/mL) were inoculated into 100% plasma PCs or PCs containing 80% platelet (PLT) additive solution with 5.0 mmol/L potassium and 1.5 mmol/L magnesium (PAS‐IIIM) and 20% plasma (PAS‐IIIM PCs). Next, a range of ε‐PLL concentrations up to 200 and 50 µg/mL were added to plasma PCs and PAS‐IIIM PCs, respectively, and the bacterial count was determined on Days 1, 2, 5, and 8. The quality of the PCs was also determined.RESULTS: Bacterial growth was inhibited at ε‐PLL concentrations of 200 and 50 µg/mL in the plasma and PAS‐IIIM PCs after 8 days of incubation. The percentage of CD62P‐positive PLTs was higher in plasma PCs treated with 200 µg/mL ε‐PLL and in PAS‐IIIM PCs treated with 50 µg/mL ε‐PLL than in the respective controls without ε‐PLL. There were no remarkable differences in the other variables, that is, PLT number, mean PLT volume, pH, aggregability, percentage of PAC‐1–positive cells, lactate dehydrogenase release, and plasma K and Na concentrations between the ε‐PLL–treated PCs and the controls.CONCLUSIONS: ε‐PLL inhibited the growth of bacteria in the PCs and did not considerably affect the quality of PCs, except CD62P expression. Further studies are required to estimate the in vivo effectiveness and safety of ε‐PLL–treated PCs.
Convection, Diffusion, and Electric Current Through a Membrane
Authors: Rapoport Stanley I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA system containing 2 compartments separated by an artificial wide pore membrane, was used to study the relationship of diffusion, water flow and electric current. Various hydrostatic pressures were obtained by experimentally chosen values of flow and current. For a solution of KCl + LiCl, stationary state ionic concentration ratios (Eq. 3) and the accumulation ratio of K+ to Li+ (Eq. 4) were found to depend on the intensity and direction of electric current; electroosmosis probably occurred under these conditions. Eq. 5 was derived for the concentration of any ion in the membrane, and solved using each of a number of simplifying assumptions. Chloride conductance in the membrane was calculated with Eq. 6, using the concentration of Cl in the membrane. An observed value was obtained also from Eq. 7, which related the driving forces on Cl‐ to electric current. The components of the membrane potential also were defined in the presence of water flow.
Intestinal Dipeptidases: III. Characterization and Determination of Dipeptidase Activity in Adult Rat Intestinal Mucosa
Authors: Josefsson Lars , Lindberg Tor 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFive dipeptidase activities in the mucosa of the rat small intestine have been determined and characterized by the aid of a new spectrophotometric assay method.The distribution of the dipeptidase activities along the gastrointestinal tract has been investigated. The activities were low in the stomach, the cecum and the large intestine, while high activities were found along the whole length of the small intestine with the maximum localized to its middle part. The relation of our present findings to previous observations about the rat intestinal dipeptidases has been discussed. Some differences with respect to both their properties and their distribution were observed in com‐ parison with the dipeptidases of the pig intestinal mucosa.
Entorhinal Activation of Dentate Granule Cells
Authors: Andersen P. , Holmqvist B. , Voorhoeve P. E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn rabbits, anesthetized with urethane‐chloralose. the activation of the granule cells of the dentate area by perforant path fibres from the entorhinal area was studied by intracellular and extracellular recording. Intracellular recording showed that the perforant path produced a large EPSP in the granule cells, followed after 2–4 msec by a large IPSP, lasting some 100 msec. Field potential studies indicated that the synapses responsible for the EPSP were located on the middle third of the dendritic tree, whereas the IPSP was generated by synapses at, or very close to, the cell bodies. The most likely explanation is that the inhibition is mediated by a recurrent inhibitory pathway, in which the collaterals of the granule cell axons excite the basket cells These are inhibitory in nature and send their axons to terminate upon the somata of many granule cells. The inhibition of the granule cells produced by the perforant path is resistant to strychnine in doses up to 0.6 mg/kg. The efficiency of the perforant path excitatory synapses was greatly increased by raising the rate of stimulation from 1 to 10 a second.
Prospective role of insecticides of fungal origin: Review
Authors: SRIVASTAVA Chand Narayan , MAURYA Prejwltta , SHARMA Preeti , MOHAN Lalit 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdvances in the application of microbial‐based technology in insect pest management assist us to counter problems created by the application of chemical pesticides. These are mainly strong environmental effects, resistance development and high costs. Among the microbial pesticides, fungal pesticides are now preferred as they are target specific, ecofriendly, lacking in toxic residue and are economical. Being numerous with great diversification, entomopathogenic fungi therefore have great potential to control a large variety of insect pests. Fungi are applied directly in form of spores, mycelia or blastospores or by their metabolites (mycotoxins). Both approaches have very promising roles in insect pest management. However, there are three main obstacles in the development of fungal pesticides: (i) scant production of mycotoxins; (ii) carcinogenic mycotoxicosis in non‐target organisms; and (iii) slow effectiveness. Therefore, to eliminate these problems, attention has recently been paid to a synergistic approach to combating insecticide resistance. Next to synergism, genetic manipulation is also used to enhance the pathogenicity and virulence of fungal insecticides. However, the key risk associated with the release of recombinant microorganisms into the environment is that the novel organism may have unforeseen undesirable characteristics. Therefore, the introduction of synergists in pest control could have great benefit both economically and ecologically. An ideal synergistic approach is the mixing of more than two accelerating components together, i.e. tripartite or multiple synergism to enhance effectiveness. Thus, synergistic approaches have a bright future and require further research and financial support.
Extracts from the bark of Fagara heitzii (Aubr. et Pel.) (Rutaceae) tree are toxic to two weevils and the American cockroach
Authors: MIKOLO Bertin , MATOS Louis , MASSAMBA Daniel , MAMONEKENE Victor , MILLER Thomas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe bark of the Fagara heitzii tree in the west‐central African Republic of Congo (Congo–Brazzaville) is known anecdotally to provide protection for human residents against fleas and to be of use as a narcotic in fishing (similar to rotenone). We found that powder and hexane extracts from the bark of the Fagara heitzii tree contain insecticidal compounds. Dried powder (14.5 mg) on the bottom of a Petri dish is the residue at 14.494 mg per dish (LD50) for 20 adult maize weevils Sitophilus zeamays after four days. The LD50 of the same material to 20 adult cowpea weevils Callosobruchus maculatus was slightly higher at 16.144 mg/dish (after 48 h). These weevils cause significant economic damage to cowpea and maize in Congo–Brazzaville. Hexane extracts of the bark of Fagara heitzii were also toxic to these weevils. Symptoms of toxicity suggested the extracts were slow‐acting nerve poisons or respiratory inhibitors or both. The time needed to develop full toxicity suggested a respiratory poison. The hexane extract was also toxic to the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. The symptoms in the cockroach were similar, but cockroaches also exhibited apparent escape attempts suggesting they could detect the compounds. Signs of apparent irritation or exaggerated locomotion in all three insects also suggested irritation or nerve effects.
Effects of elimination ofWolbachiaon oogenesis of the uziflyExorista sorbillans, a parasitoid of the silkwormBombyx mori
Authors: PUTTARAJU Hosagavi Puttegowda , PRAKASH Bandekodigenahalli Marappa 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMaternally inherited bacteria of the genusWolbachiaare known to affect the physiology and reproduction of several arthropod and nematode hosts. This paper presents the effects of using tetracycline to eliminateWolbachiaon the oogenesis of its host uziflyExorista sorbillans(Diptera: Tachinidae), a parasitoid of silkwormBombyx moriL. Earlier we reported cytoplasmic incompatibility, nucleo‐cytoplasmic conflict, male biased sex ratio and reduction in fecundity upon curing ofWolbachiainfection using an antibiotic. This paper presents the abnormal growth and proliferation of oocytes in the uninfected/cured uziflies. The anomalies include abnormal/arrested oocyte production with inhibition of normal functioning of nurse cell nuclei, malformation and agglutination in egg chambers, empty egg chambers due to arrested vitellogenesis and undeveloped ovarian tubules. These anomalies further lead to reduction in growth of the ovarian tubules, which resulted in a 20% reduction of fecundity. It is hypothesized that normal oocyte production in uzifly requires the infection ofWolbachiabacteria. Further, in the uzifly, infection is at transition stage from a facultative to an obligatory mode of symbiosis. In light of this, this paper discusses the relationship betweenWolbachiaand oocyte production.
Cloning and blood‐meal dependent induction pattern of apolipophorin‐III from Anopheles sinensis
Authors: NOH Mi Young , WON Ran , JO Yong Hun , LEE Yong Seok , HAN Yeon Soo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractApolipophorin‐III is known to play a role in transporting lipids in insects, and much attention has been paid to lepidopteran insects' apolipophorin. Thus, we were interested in examining the effects of blood‐meal on the expression pattern of apolipophorin‐III in mosquitoes. This led us to clone and partially characterize the full‐length cDNA of apoLp‐III (AnsiApoLp‐III) from Anopheles sinensis. Analysis of AnsiApoLp‐III cDNA shows that the 728‐bp sequence has a 582‐bp protein‐coding region with 94 bp of putative 5′ untranslated region and 152 bp of 3′ untranslated region. The deduced amino acid sequence begins with a methionine codon at position 95 and extends to position 674, encompassing a polypeptide of 193 amino acids. AnsiApoLp‐III has the highest identity (63%) to Culex quinquefasciatus apoLp‐III. Temporal expression pattern analysis shows that although AnsiApoLp‐III was expressed at all developmental stages, it was highly detected at egg and adult stages in the female mosquitoes. In addition, we found out that AnsiApoLp‐III was induced in An. sinensis adult females after uptaking a blood‐meal. Spatial expression patterns of AnsiApoLp‐III shows that AnsiApoLp‐III mRNA was strongly induced at day 1 and gradually decreased from day 1 to day 4 in the ovaries. Most interestingly, AnsiApoLp‐III mRNA in the Malpighian tubule was strongly induced at day 1, decreased during days 1–3, and then became elevated again at day 4. These data suggest that blood‐meal influences AnsiApoLp‐III mRNA induction in ovaries and Malpighian tubules. It remains to further elucidate the biological roles of AnsiApoLp‐III in these organs.
Relationship between diet composition and the fecundity of Musca domestica
Authors: WON Ran , KWON Ohseok 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA study of the relationship between diet compositions of housefly Musca domestica and the fecundity of the insect was carried out. Fecundity was increased more than 30% by adding a protein source and inorganic salts into the larval and adult diets. Also, adding a protein source into the adult diet prolonged the oviposition period of adult houseflies.
Genesis of Tertiary Magnetite–Apatite Deposits, Southeast of Zanjan, Iran
Authors: Azizi Hossein , Mehrabi Behzad , Akbarpour Afshin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMagnetite–apatite deposits in the Alborz volcano–plutonic belt, southeast Zanjan, in Iran, have blade, lenzoid, and vein forms, which extend in an E‐W direction. There are many magnetite–apatite veins and veinlets in this region, and some of them are economically important, such as Zaker, Morvarid, Sorkheh–Dizaj, and Aliabad. The sizes of the vein orebodies vary between 2 and 16 m in width, 10–100 m in length, and 5–40 m in depth. Microscopic examination of thin sections and polishes indicate that they are composed of magnetite and apatite, with minor amounts of goethite, hematite, actinolite, quartz, muscovite–illite, talc, dolomite, and calcite. The geochemistry and mineralogy of the granitic host rock reveals that it is calc‐alkaline and I‐type. Field observations, mineral paragenesis, the composition of the orebodies, and the composition of the fluid inclusions in the apatite minerals with low salinity (less than 20 wt.% NaCl equivalent) indicate that these magnetite veins were hydrothermally generated at about 200–430°C and are not related to silica–iron oxide immiscibility, as are the major Precambrian magnetite deposits in central Iran.