bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Well-Posedness and Convergence Results for the 3D-Regularized Boussinesq System
Authors: Selmi Ridha 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAnalytical study of the regularization of the Boussinesq systemis performed in frequency space using Fourier theory. Existence and uniqueness of weak solutions with minimum regularity requirement are proved. Convergence results of the unique weak solution of the regularized Boussinesq system to a weak Leray-Hopf solution of the Boussinesq system are established as the regularizing parameterαvanishes. The proofs are done in the frequency space and use energy methods, the Arselà-Ascoli compactness theorem and a Friedrichs-like approximation scheme.
Resultants of Chebyshev Polynomials: A Short Proof
Authors: Louboutin Stéphane R. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract.We give a simple proof of the value of the resultant of two Chebyshev polynomials (of the first or the second kind), values lately obtained by D. P. Jacobs, M. O. Rayes, and V. Trevisan.
Estimates for Compositions of Maximal Operators with Singular Integrals
Authors: Richard Oberlin  
Published: April 2012

Abstract.We prove weak-type (1, 1) estimates for compositions of maximal operators with singular integrals. Our main object of interest is the operator Δ*Ψ where Δ* is Bourgain’s maximal multiplier operator and is the sum of several modulated singular integrals; here our method yields a significantly improved bound for theLqoperator norm when 1 <q< 2. We also consider associated variation-norm estimates.
Optimal Control Strategies for Virus Spreading in Inhomogeneous Epidemic Dynamics
Authors: Shang Yilun 
Published: April 2012

Abstract.In this paper, we study the spread of virus/worm in computer networks with a view to addressing cyber security problems. Epidemic models have been applied extensively to model the propagation of computer viruses, which characterize the fact that infected machines may spread malware to other hosts connected to the network. In our framework, the dynamics of hosts evolves according to a modified inhomogeneous Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible (SIS) epidemic model with time-varying transmission rate and recovery rate. The infection of computers is subject to direct attack as well as propagation among hosts. Based on optimal control theory, optimal attack strategies are provided by minimizing the cost (equivalently maximizing the profit) of the attacker. We present a threshold function of the fraction of infectious hosts, which captures the dynamically evolving strategies of the attacker and reflects the persistence of virus spreading. Moreover, our results indicate that if the infectivity of a computer worm is low and the computers are installed with antivirus software with high reliability, the intensity of attacks incurred will likely be low. This agrees with our intuition.
On the Radius of Comparison of a Commutative C*-algebra
Authors: Elliott George A. , Niu Zhuang 
Published: April 2012

Abstract.Let X be a compact metric space. A lower bound for the radius of comparison of the C*-algebra C(X) is given in terms of dimQ X, where dimQ X is the cohomological dimension with rational coefficients. If dimQX = dim X = d, then the radius of comparison of the C*-algebra C(X) is maxf0; (d/1)=2/1g if d is odd, and must be either d=2/1 or d=2/2 if d is even (the possibility d=2 - 1 does occur, but we do not know if the possibility d=2 - 2 can also occur).
President's page
Authors: Sonnenwald Diane H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryDespite its name, the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) is an international organization, embracing its geographically diverse membership. As a global scholarly organization, ASIS&T has responsibilities and considerations that reach far beyond local and national concerns. That breadth of concern is reflected in deeds, such as a reduced membership fee for those in less developed countries, as well as in words. Including “American” in the name may convey pride and distinction but creates obstacles for some. It is time to consider a name change that accurately reflects the scope and goals of the organization. Members are invited to comment until May 1, 2012, on a change that retains the acronym “ASIS&T” while revising the title to ASsociation for Information Science & Technology.
Digital humanities and information visualization: Innovation and integration
Authors: Beaudoin Joan , Buchanan Sarah 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryThe chairs of Special Interest Group/Arts & Humanities and Special Interest Group/Visualization, Images and Sound have assembled articles that cover a range of research and projects reflecting the confluence of the two topics. Papers describe expanded access to resources in the humanities previously unavailable, leading to a digital renaissance. This access enables data mining and new insights for research and analysis, as well as enhanced possibilities for presenting results with interactive capabilities. Case studies explore information visualization technologies used to enrich a thesis presentation, cast literary analysis in a new light and reveal associations among scholars. The advantages of visualization extend to thesaurus‐powered search interfaces but are shown to be an under‐exploited tool for music research.
Interactive visualization for multilingual search
Authors: Ruecker Stan , Shiri Ali , Fiorentino Carlos 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryMultilingual thesauri provide the context for exploring experimental user interfaces that support interactive visualization. The authors created two search interfaces that draw on the semantic richness of bilingual thesauri and provide for search, browse and results display. The Searchling interface offers search, browsable navigation and the full term‐record data for a selected term, as well as a simple switch between language views. It provides active user assistance by displaying options to broaden or narrow search. User evaluation showed Searchling to be easy to use, appealing broadly but especially to linear thinkers. The T‐Saurus interface is more visual, with term search results represented by the size, number, proximity and opacity of buckets. Terms can be displayed in multiple languages simultaneously, and multiple terms can be chosen to form a query to retrieve documents. Visual thinkers appreciated its dynamic and interactive visualization interface. Studies demonstrate the support both interfaces provide for fully using rich, multilingual thesauri as well as differences for users with different cognitive styles.
From records to data with viewshare: An argument, an interface, a design
Authors: Bailey Jefferson , Owens Trevor 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryViewshare is a platform designed to support the work of cultural heritage institutions in their efforts to share data, dynamically visualize their collections and access and discover items. It was developed as a free and open tool for partners of the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program. Its central goal is to reveal patterns within collections to lead to new understanding. Viewshare features a simple and intuitive interface and limited requirements for technical skills, and it supports a wide variety of digital collections and metadata types. Its users establish custom metadata, import and enhance collection data and create their own interface to support dynamic and interactive views of their digital collections. The process is illustrated with the Fulton Street Trade Card Collection from the Brooklyn Public Library.
What happens when architectural questions are not asked?
Authors: Haller Thom 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryA mysterious change in the background information architecture of Facebook resulted in the author apparently going silent. His disappearance was traced back to a wrong choice among the revised privacy options. The classification labels were ambiguous, not clearly differentiated, and offering no definition, leaving the user uncertain which to use. The labels All and Public were open to misinterpretation, and the distinction between two option groups was similarly vague. The example illustrates problems that arise when information architects fail to fully consider the implications of clustering certain kinds of information, the relationships between clusters and the appropriateness of labels to reflect the content. The example illustrates information architects' unending challenge to make the complex clear.
Rapid Perturbation of Free‐Energy Landscapes: From In Vitro to In Vivo
Authors: Gelman Hannah , Platkov Max , Gruebele Martin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBiological systems are often studied under the most “physiological” conditions possible. However, purposeful perturbation of biological systems can provide much information about their dynamics, robustness, and function. Such perturbations are particularly easy to apply at the interface of molecular biophysics and cellular biology, at which complex and highly regulated networks emerge from the behavior of individual biomolecules. Due to the size of diffusion coefficients and the length scale of biomolecules, the fastest timescales at this interface extend to below a microsecond. Thus perturbations must be induced and detected rapidly. We focus on examples of proteins and RNAs interacting with themselves (folding) or one another (binding, signaling). Beginning with general principles that have been learned from simple models and perturbation experiments in vitro, we progress to more complex environments that mimic aspects of the living cell, and finally rapid perturbation experiments in living cells. On the experimental side we highlight in particular two classes of rapid perturbation methods (nanoseconds to seconds) that have been traditionally employed in biophysical chemistry, but that will become increasingly important in cell biology and in vivo: fast relaxation techniques and phase‐sensitive modulation techniques. These techniques are now increasingly married with imaging to produce a spatiotemporal map of biomolecular stability, dynamics and, in the near future, interaction networks inside cells. Many important chemical processes occur on biologically fast timescales, and yet have important ramifications for slower biological networks.
Recursive partitioning analysis of prognostic factors for glioblastoma patients aged 70 years or older
Authors: Scott Jacob G. , Bauchet Luc , Fraum Tyler J. , Nayak Lakshmi , Cooper Anna R. , Chao Samuel T. , Suh John H. , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Peereboom David M. , Zouaoui Sonia , Mathieu‐Daudé Hélène , Fabbro‐Peray Pascale , Rigau Valérie , Taillandier Luc , Abrey Lauren E. , DeAngelis Lisa M. , Shih Joanna H. , Iwamoto Fabio M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The most‐used prognostic scheme for malignant gliomas included only patients aged 18 to 70 years. The purpose of this study was to develop a prognostic model for patients ≥70 years of age with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.METHODS:A total of 437 patients ≥70 years of age with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, pooled from 2 tertiary academic institutions, was identified for recursive partitioning analysis (RPA). The resulting prognostic model, based on the final pruned RPA tree, was validated using 265 glioblastoma patients ≥70 years of age from a data set independently compiled by a French consortium.RESULTS:RPA produced 9 terminal nodes, which were pruned to 4 prognostic subgroups with markedly different median survivals: subgroup I = patients <75.5 years of age who underwent surgical resection (9.3 months); subgroup II = patients ≥75.5 years of age who underwent surgical resection (6.4 months); subgroup III = patients with Karnofsky performance status of 70 to 100 who underwent biopsy only (4.6 months); and subgroup IV = patients with Karnofsky performance status <70 who underwent biopsy only (2.3 months). Application of this prognostic model to the French cohort also resulted in significantly different (P < .0001) median survivals for subgroups I (8.5 months), II (7.7 months), III (4.3 months), and IV (3.1 months).CONCLUSIONS:This model divides elderly glioblastoma patients into prognostic subgroups that can be easily implemented in both the patient care and the clinical trial settings. This purely clinical prognostic model serves as a backbone for the future incorporation of the increasing number of potential molecular prognostic markers. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Counterion‐Induced Inversion of Conformer Stability of a [5]Helquat Dication
Authors: Severa Lukáš , Jirásek Michael , Švec Pavel , Teplý Filip , Révész Ágnes , Schröder Detlef , Koval Dušan , Kašička Václav , Císařová Ivana , Šaman David 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHelquats are a recently introduced class of compounds, which can be perceived as a combination of helicenes with the skeleton of bispyridinium ions such as paraquat. In addition to their helical shape, some of these compounds can also adopt saddle‐like conformations. The focus here is on a specific [5]helquat dication HQ2+, which is investigated by various experimental techniques in condensed media as well as in the gas phase in combination with parallel computational studies. For this compound, the helical form is strongly favored in the free dication HQ2+ in the gas phase as well as in the condensed‐phase salts [HQ2+ ⋅ 2X−], whereas in the singly charged ion pairs in the gas phase, the saddle conformer [SQ2+ ⋅ X−] is significantly more stable than the helical form [HQ2+ ⋅ X−] for a number of anions X−. The reason for this inversion of stability in the binary ion pairs is that the saddle conformer has a central binding pocket, in which the anion can interact with both pyridinium centers, whereas the more compact helix conformer permits the anion to approach only a single cationic center efficiently.
Trans fatty acids influence the oxidation of LDL in ECV304 cells
Authors: Zhi Tan , Yanhong Liu , Rui Liang , Jian Song , Jinping Liu , Junzhu Wu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe objectives of this study are to explore whether separate sources of trans fatty acids (TFA) have different effects on ECV304 cell line and to further elucidate the oxidation mechanism induced by TFA. ECV304 cells are used in the study because they display many endothelial features. Cell apoptosis rates increased in a dose‐dependent manner following 24‐h treatment with TFA from separate sources. Additionally, TFA stimulated human alpha‐defensin 1 (HNP‐1) expression and resulted in a significant increase in both malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS levels. MDA levels reach their peak at 18 h. HNP‐1 expression levels increase at 2 h and then reach their peak at 10 h. At the same time, the protein carbonyl (PCO) value declines slightly. After 10 h of TFA co‐culture, the cells were washed and fresh low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) was added. MDA generation significantly increased after 6 h and it could be inhibited by 4‐aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH) or sodium ferulate. However, after the TFA co‐culture for 2 h, adding LDL for 6 h just caused slight MDA generation change and the MDA generation could be inhibited by verapamil or sodium ferulate. TFA from different sources did not have different effects on ECV304. HNP‐1 mediates the oxidation induced by TFA by activating ROS. Furthermore, TFA can stimulate the oxidation of LDL in ECV304 cells through both passive and active pathway. In the oxidation induced by linoelaidic acid, ABAH can decrease the MDA generation in active oxidation pathway and verapamil can decrease the MDA generation in passive oxidation pathway.
Simulation and Experiment of a Cogeneration System Based on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Hwang J.‐J. , Wang P.‐C. , Kuo J.‐K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis project designs and simulates a cogeneration system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using Matlab/Simulink software and Thermolib heat module components. The system not only satisfies the need for electric power, but also provides heat recovery for future uses, thus increasing energy transfer efficiency.PEM fuel cell‐based cogeneration system is introduced, including the hydrogen supply subsystem, air supply subsystem, load control subsystem, real‐time monitoring block, and heat recovery subsystem. The complete fuel cell‐based cogeneration system is constructed by assembling the fuel cell stack, fuel, coolant flow rate control system, and all the subsystems.In addition to the fuel cell experiment, influencing factors on the fuel cell‐based system, such as the fuel inhale rate, coolant flow rate, system temperature, fuel humidification, thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, and combined heat and power (CHP) system efficiency, are analyzed and charted regarding different loads. In this system, with the power at 3 kW, the CHP efficiency reaches 64%. The CHP efficiency is 76.6% with the load power at 4 kW. When the power is at 5 kW, the thermal efficiency reaches 36.9% and the CHP efficiency reaches 82.9%.
Regression of cardiac hypertrophy in cyp1a1ren‐2 transgenic rats
Authors: Peters Barbara S. , Dornaika Rami , Hosten Norbert , Hadlich Stefan , Mullins John J. , Peters Jörg , Rettig Rainer 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the usefulness of the cyp1a1ren‐2 transgenic rat model of inducible hypertension for studies of the development and regression of cardiac hypertrophy.Materials and Methods:Cyp1a1ren‐2 rats received a diet containing 0% or 0.167% indole‐3‐carbinonl (I3C) for 4 weeks to induce hypertension. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 T was performed every second week for 10 weeks to measure left ventricular mass and the ejection fraction. Concomitantly, in six cyp1a1ren‐2 rats blood pressure was recorded telemetrically.Results:Plasma prorenin concentrations rose from 138 ± 38 to 15,490 ± 3990 ng/angiotensin I/mL/h (P < 0.001) in I3C‐treated transgenic rats and returned to basal levels after cessation of I3C. Mean blood pressure increased to a plateau of 169 ± 11 mmHg by the second week of induction. After cessation of I3C (day 28), arterial pressure dropped to values slightly below those prior to induction within 4 days (basal: 106 ± 7 mmHg, day 32: 103 ± 21 mmHg; NS). At day 28, left ventricular mass was increased by 39% vs. 4% in controls (P < 0.001) without changes of the ejection fraction. Cardiac hypertrophy was completely reversed at day 70, as evaluated by MRI.Conclusion:The cyp1a1ren‐2 transgenic rat is a useful model to study reversal and healing in the absence of surgical interventions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:373–378. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta‐analysis of the association between the interleukin‐1A −889C/T polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hua Ye , Zhao Hui , Kong Yuenan , Lu Xiaojie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNo clear consensus has been reached on the Interleukin‐1A (IL‐1A) −889C/T polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. In this meta‐analysis, 27 case–control studies were assessed to evaluate the possible association. Overall, positive associations of the IL‐1A −889C/T polymorphism with AD risk were found in allele comparison T vs. C (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.18), recessive model TT vs. CT + CC (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01–1.45), and homozygote comparison (TT vs. CC; OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.04–1.67). In subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, significant associations were demonstrated in Caucasians but not in Asians. In subgroup analysis according to the age of onset, the data showed a significant association in patients with late‐onset AD in Caucasians but not in early‐onset AD. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis supports the idea that IL‐1A –889C/T polymorphism is capable of causing AD and LOAD susceptibility in Caucasians but not in Asians. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liquid–Liquid Extraction of 3FOx and 5FOx Polyoxetane Diols: Impact on Polyurethane Mechanical Properties, Surface Morphology, and Wetting Behavior
Authors: Zhang Wei , Henke Daniel , Presnall David , Chakrabarty Souvik , Wang Chenyu , Wynne Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLaboratory prepared and commercial poly(2‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy‐2‐methyl)oxetane, P[3FOx] and poly(2‐2,2,2‐pentafluoropropoxy‐2‐methyl)oxetane, P[5FOx] polyols contain varying amounts of cyclics and low molar mass (LMW) constituents as byproducts of ring opening polymerization. Guided by phase diagrams determined by cloud point measurements, P[3FOx] diol separation is achieved. The impact of purification is explored via the preparation of P[3FOx] and P[5FOx] polyurethanes from cyclic/LMW‐free diols. Mechanical properties are improved because of higher polyurethane molecular weights. AFM revealed complex rugosity that is correlated with dynamic contact angles free from effects of water contamination.
Stabilization of pH‐Sensitive mPEG–PH–PLA Nanoparticles by Stereocomplexation Between Enantiomeric Polylactides
Authors: Liu Rong , He Bin , Li Dong , Lai Yusi , Tang James. Z. , Gu Zhongwei 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(L‐histidine)–poly(lactide) (mPEG45–PH30–PLA82) triblock copolymers self‐assemble into nanoparticles by sterocomplexation. The properties of the stereocomplex nanoparticles including morphology, stability, and biocompatibility are investigated. The results reveal that the stereocomplexation between PLLA and PDLA segments could prevent the aggregation of the nanoparticles when the pH value is around 6.8. The mean diameter of the stereocomplex nanoparticles is stabilized at about 100 nm when the pH values are changed from 7.9 to 5.0. The cytotoxicity of the stereocomplex nanoparticles is evaluated, and the results demonstrate that the stereocomplexation could decrease the cytotoxicity of the PDLA segments.
Glacier-dammed Lake in Southeastern Tibetan Plateau during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Guangxiang Yuan , Qingli Zeng 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Lacustrine, alluvial terraces and sediments record at least one Holocene glacially dammed lake in Songzong Basin immediately upstream of the Purlung TsangpoRiver, a main tributary of the downstream of Yarlung Tsangpo River, at the northeastern syntaxis of the Himalaya. The lacustrine deposit is more than 88 meters thick at the SongzongLandslide. There is an 18.33 meters thick layer of lacustrine silt within the lacustrine terrace. The Optical Simulated Luminescence (OSL) ages at the bottom and top of the lacustrine silt layerare 22.5±3.3ka B.P., and 16.1±1.7ka B.P., respectively, which indicates that the lacustrine deposits were formed during the Last Glacial Maximum ranging from 25kaB.P. to 15kaB.P.The ancient shorelines and the lake erosion zone confirm the preexistence of Songzong Lake. There are also terraces formed by moraines in the Songzong Basin. The high and large moraineterrace seen near the mouth of the Dongqu Valley is very prominent. The special characteristics of thelacustrine sediment and the ancient lake line in the Songzong Basin indicate that the lacustrinesediments are related to the blocking of the Purlung Tsangpo River by a glacier from DongquValley during Last Glacial Maximum.