bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacist’s knowledge and attitude towards self-medication practices: a cross-sectional study for the development and validation of questionnaire
Authors: Ansari Nahid , Ajmera Puneeta , Dadhich Abhishek 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPharmacists play an essential role in self-medication by providing guidance and counselling services to consumers; hence, it is necessary to assess pharmacists’ awareness and attitude towards self-medication to promote responsible self-medication practices.ObjectiveTo develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess the knowledge and attitude of pharmacists towards self-medication practices and their role in promoting responsible self-medication.MethodA questionnaire was developed in English after a relevant literature review, which was further administered to a sample of 105 community pharmacists. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the Karl–Pearson correlation and Cronbach alpha statistics. Content validity was evaluated by subject experts. The dimensional structure of items was assessed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).Key FindingsThe final questionnaire comprises 27 items for knowledge and attitude with a Karl–Pearson correlation value of 0.896 and Cronbach alpha value of 0.814 (24 items), indicating good internal consistency and reproducibility. Factor analysis identified five factors: namely, (i) attitude towards providing guidance and advice to consumers to promote responsible SMP, (ii) attitude towards shared responsibility for promoting rational medicine supply and use, (iii) knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of SMP, (iv) knowledge of the definition of self-medication, (v) attitude towards professional competency of a pharmacist as a healthcare provider. CFA results demonstrate good model fit with the value of Chi-square (184.56), CFI (0.937), RMSEA (0.054), and SRMR (0.075). Model validity measures ensure satisfactory validity and reliability.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate a valid and reliable measure for assessing the knowledge and attitude of pharmacists towards self-medication.
N-Ethylhexedrone: A very long and bad trip! A case series
Authors: Lefeuvre Sandrine , Richeval Camille , Lelong Jeremy , Venisse Nicolas , Humbert Luc , Brunet Bertrand 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
N-ethylhexedrone (NEH) is a new cathinone derivative with, currently, low toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic knowledge. We present three documented clinical cases of NEH intoxication with plasma and urine concentrations. A thorough search for metabolites was performed. The three patients were admitted to the emergency department, and two out of the three were hospitalized for an extended period. While recovering from the drug effects, 12–24 h after nasal intake of New Psychoactive Substance (NPS), the patients described the following disorders: anxiety, feelings of persecution, asthenia, anhedonia, abulia, psychomotor slowing and loss of consciousness. NEH was identified in all samples by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS), and quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS). Quantitative analysis showed decreasing concentrations over time: for Case 1, from 97.2 (Day 1, D1) to 0.7 (Day 7, D7) µg/L for plasma, and from 724 (D1) to 0.5 (D7) µg/L for urine. NEH concentration of 7.9 µg/L was found in the plasma collected at admission for Case 2. For Case 3, concentrations ranging from 49 (D1) to 1.8 (D7) µg/L in plasma, and from 327.3 (Day 6, D6) to 116.8 (D7) µg/L in urine were found. NEH was no longer detected in the urine sample at Day 10. Elimination half-life was estimated at 19, and 28 hours in Patients 1 and 3, respectively. Four metabolites were identified in blood and urine: reduced NEH, dealkyl-NEH, reduced dealkyl-NEH and hydroxy-NEH. The cases presented highlight the long detectable lifetime of NEH. Characterization of the metabolites will allow better identification of the consumption of this drug. Serious adverse events can be observed after NEH consumption, as two out of the three patients required intubation and ventilation. A syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) was also diagnosed. Two out of the three cases are notable because of the number of samples collected and because NEH was the only drug of abuse detected.
Sex Differences, Age, and Burn Size Contribute to Risk of PTSD and Depression After Burn Injury
Authors: Gavrilova Yulia , Rooney Emily , Donevant Julia , Ficalora Julia , Sieglein Amy , Kahn Steven , Davidson Tatiana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The prevalence of psychological symptoms in burn survivors has been well documented; however, the role of biological sex requires further investigation. This study explored sex differences among burn survivors and examined the impact of sex, age, and total body surface area (TBSA) of the burn injury on the risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression and, subsequently, the influence of initial risk on symptom outcomes 30 days postinjury. Participants included 374 adult patients enrolled in the Burn Behavioral Health program at a regional Burn Center. T-tests and chi-square tests were conducted to determine differences between sexes on outcome measures. A path analysis was conducted to evaluate relationships between variables of interest. Findings revealed significant sex discrepancies in risk and symptom outcomes. Compared to men, women reported greater total risk scores of developing PTSD and depression (P = .005) early after their burn injury. A subscale analysis showed that women reported greater risk scores for depression (P &lt; .001), but not on PTSD. Women did not report higher depression scores 30 days postinjury compared to men but did report higher PTSD scores than men (P = .020). When sex, age, and TBSA were included in a path analysis, female sex (P = .001), younger age (P &lt; .001), and larger TBSA of the burn injury (P = .024) were associated with greater risk. In addition, risk scores significantly predicted PTSD (P &lt; .001) and depression (P &lt; .001) symptoms 30 days postinjury. Our research shows how sex, age, and TBSA affect the risk of PTSD and depression among burn survivors. It underscores the importance of accounting for sex and age differences in mental health risk, especially in women and younger patients. This emphasizes the urgency of early screening and intervention.
Disability and Achievement: A Reply to Campbell, Nyholm, and Walter
Authors: Dunkle Ian D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, I explore the impact of disability on one of life’s goods: achievement. Contra Campbell, Nyholm, and Walter. I argue that construing the magnitude of achievements in terms of subjective effort trivializes what it means to achieve. This poses a problem for the authors’ argument that disability, in general, does not reduce access to this good. I draw on an alternative construal of achievement that I have proposed elsewhere to show that, indeed, many disabilities do not restrict access to achievement. I defend this argument against an objection that it problematically relativizes the achievements of persons with disability, and I close with general lessons for future work.
Effects of participatory organizational interventions on mental health and work performance: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Iida Mako , Sakuraya Asuka , Imamura Kotaro , Asaoka Hiroki , Arima Hideaki , Ando Emiko , Inoue Akiomi , Inoue Reiko , Iwanaga Mai , Eguchi Hisashi , Otsuka Yasumasa , Kobayashi Yuka , Komase Yu , Kuribayashi Kazuto , Sasaki Natsu , Tsuno Kanami , Hino Ayako , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Ebara Takeshi , Shimazu Akihito , Kawakami Norito , Tsutsumi Akizumi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Participatory organizational interventions to improve psychosocial working conditions are important for a safe and healthy work environment. However, there are few systematic reviews or meta-analyses investigating the effects of these interventions on workers’ mental health and work-related outcomes. We intend to apply the protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of participatory organizational intervention on mental health and work performance.

Methods and analysis
The participants, interventions, comparisons, and outcomes (PICO) of the studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis are defined as follows: (P) inclusion of all workers, (I) participatory organizational intervention, (C) treatment as usual or no intervention (including waitlist control), and (O) mental health and work performance. Published studies will be searched using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, and Japan Medical Abstracts Society. Studies that (1) include participatory organizational intervention, (2) include participants who were working as of the baseline survey period, (3) assess mental health or work performance outcomes, (4) use a cluster randomized controlled trials design, (5) are published in English or Japanese, and (6) are published in peer-reviewed journals (including advanced online publication) will be included. Study selection and the risk-of-bias assessment will be performed independently by 2 reviewers. A meta-analysis will be performed to statistically synthesize the included studies. Publication bias will be assessed for meta-bias using Egger's test as well as visually on a funnel plot. We will assess heterogeneity by using the Q statistic.
Global analysis of key post-transcriptional regulation in early leaf development of Limonium bicolor identifies a long non-coding RNA that promotes salt gland development and salt resistance
Authors: Wang Xi , Wang Xiaoyu , Mu Huiying , Zhao Boqing , Song Xianrui , Fan Hai , Wang Baoshan , Yuan Fang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Limonium bicolor, known horticulturally as sea lavender, is a typical recretohalophyte with salt glands in its leaf epidermis that secrete excess Na+ out of the plant. Although many genes have been proposed to contribute to salt gland initiation and development, a detailed analysis of alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation patterns, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been lacking. Here, we applied single-molecule long-read mRNA isoform sequencing (Iso-seq) to explore the complexity of the L. bicolor transcriptome in leaves during salt gland initiation (stage A) and salt gland differentiation (stage B) based on the reference genome. We identified alternative splicing events and the use of alternative poly(A) sites unique to stage A or stage B, leading to the hypothesis that they might contribute to the differentiation of salt glands. Based on the Iso-seq data and RNA in situ hybridization of candidate genes, we selected the lncRNA Btranscript_153392 for gene editing and virus-induced gene silencing to dissect its function. In the absence of this transcript, we observed fewer salt glands on the leaf epidermis, leading to diminished salt secretion and salt tolerance. Our data provide transcriptome resources for unraveling the mechanisms behind salt gland development and furthering crop transformation efforts towards enhanced survivability in saline soils.
Legal expertise and military strategy: Christine de Pizan on the laws of war
Authors: Rech Walter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Christine de Pizan’s Book of the Deeds of Arms (ca 1410) constitutes an insightful attempt to integrate law and military strategy in a way that shows the hybridity of both domains. Her work both defends the role of neutral legal ‘experts’ and unveils the affinities between legal expertise and strategic military thinking.
The Universal Periodic Review and peace agreement implementation: conceptualising connections, challenges, and ways forward
Authors: Molloy Sean 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In response to calls for greater alignment between the peacebuilding and human rights pillars of the United Nations, this article considers what role the Universal Periodic Review might play in supporting the implementation of peace agreements, particularly the human rights components contained within them. In identifying possible contributions alongside existing challenges, this paper calls into question the benefits associated with engaging human rights mechanisms in the complex business of peacebuilding and suggests some moderate adjustments that could support the UPR’s role in contributing to peace.
Grain polydispersity and non-sphericity effects on gas flow through granular beds using measurements and modelling
Authors: Zivithal Stephan , Kargl Günter , Macher Wolfgang , Laddha Sunny , Blum Jürgen , Gundlach Bastian , Güttler Carsten , Sierks Holger 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The quality of cometary surface activity simulations and erosion models of icy moons depends on a good knowledge of the surface layer permeability to gas flow. Therefore, we study various models of the Knudsen diffusion coefficient and the viscous permeability, which are used to describe the flow of rarefied gases through porous materials. Usually, these models are expressed for monodisperse packed beds. In this work, we describe a generalization to polydisperse packed beds and compare them with experimental results. In addition, we analyse non-spherical packings to test how well the recently developed models are applicable. For this purpose, the gas flow parameters of these samples are measured in a dedicated measurement set-up. Special attention had to be paid to biases in measuring the porosity and the pressure drop in the sample, which are discussed in detail. Our measurements confirm that the Knudsen diffusion coefficient is inversely proportional to the specific surface area of the grains and that the viscous permeability is inversely proportional to the specific surface area squared. Further, we were able to identify a relation between the gas flow parameters, represented by a parameter β, which seems to be an indicator of the mean orientation of the grains. The findings give further evidence of the importance of the grain size distribution and the grain shape for rarefied gas flow. In particular, the results show that the standard polydisperse model is not sufficient when a considerable part of the pore space consists of traps or other rarely percolated parts.
Lyα emission in galaxies at z ≃ 5−6: new insight from JWST into the statistical distributions of Lyα properties at the end of reionization
Authors: Tang Mengtao , Stark Daniel P , Ellis Richard S , Sun Fengwu , Topping Michael , Robertson Brant , Tacchella Sandro , Arribas Santiago , Baker William M , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Boyett Kristan , Bunker Andrew J , Charlot Stéphane , Chen Zuyi , Chevallard Jacopo , Jones Gareth C , Kumari Nimisha , Lyu Jianwei , Maiolino Roberto , Maseda Michael V , Saxena Aayush , Whitler Lily , Williams Christina C , Willott Chris , Witstok Joris 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
JWST has recently sparked a new era of Lyα spectroscopy, delivering the first measurements of the Lyα escape fraction and velocity profile in typical galaxies at z ≃ 6−10. These observations offer new prospects for insight into the earliest stages of reionization. But to realize this potential, we need robust models of Lyα properties in galaxies at z ≃ 5−6 when the IGM is mostly ionized. Here, we use new JWST observations from the JADES and FRESCO surveys combined with VLT/MUSE and Keck/DEIMOS data to characterize statistical distributions of Lyα velocity offsets, escape fractions, and EWs in z ≃ 5−6 galaxies. We find that galaxies with large Lyα escape fractions (&gt;0.2) are common at z ≃ 5−6, comprising 30 per cent of Lyman break selected samples. Comparing to literature studies, our census suggests that Lyα becomes more prevalent in the galaxy population towards higher redshift from z ∼ 3 to z ∼ 6, although we find that this evolution slows considerably between z ∼ 5 and z ∼ 6, consistent with modest attenuation from residual H i in the mostly ionized IGM at z ≃ 5−6. We find significant evolution in Lyα velocity profiles between z ≃ 2−3 and z ≃ 5−6, likely reflecting the influence of resonant scattering from residual intergalactic H i on the escape of Lyα emission near line centre. This effect will make it challenging to use Lyα peak offsets as a probe of Lyman continuum leakage at z ≃ 5−6. We use our z ≃ 5−6 Lyα distributions to make predictions for typical Lyα properties at z ≳ 8 and discuss implications of a recently discovered Lyα emitter at z ≃ 8.5 with a small peak velocity offset (156 km s−1).
Ly α emission strength and stellar properties of faint galaxies from 5 &lt; z &lt; 8.2
Authors: Bolan Patricia , Bradăc Marus̆a , Lemaux Brian C , Strait Victoria , Treu Tommaso , Pentericci Laura , Pelliccia Debora , Glazer Kelsey , Jones Gareth C 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a study on stellar properties of Lyman-alpha (Ly α) emitters at 5 &lt; z &lt; 8.2. We use 247 photometrically selected, lensed, high-redshift, low-luminosity galaxy candidates with spectroscopic follow-up. Of these, 38 are confirmed spectroscopically to be between 5 &lt; z &lt; 8.2 via detection of Ly α. For each galaxy and candidate, we estimate stellar mass, star formation rate, specific star formation rate, and mass-weighted age with spectral energy distribution fitting. We also measure the UV β slope and luminosity using values from photometry. We find no strong correlation between Ly α equivalent width and any of these properties, as well as no significant difference between the physical properties of Ly α emitters and candidates without Ly α detected. This lack of expected trends may be explained by a combination of the evolving opacity of the intergalactic medium at these redshifts as well as the unique phase space probed by our lensed sample. Via tests on other galaxy samples which show varying strengths of correlations, we conclude that if there exist any relationships between Ly α equivalent width and physical properties in the underlying population of faint galaxies, they are weak correlations. We also present the results of a spectroscopic search for C iii] emission in confirmed Ly α emitters at z ∼ 7, finding no C iii] detections, but putting constraints on strong active galactic nuclei activity and extreme nebular emission.
Ram pressure stripping in clusters: gravity can bind the ISM but not the CGM
Authors: Ghosh Ritali , Dutta Alankar , Sharma Prateek 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We explore the survival of a galaxy’s circumgalactic medium (CGM) as it experiences ram pressure stripping (RPS) moving through the intracluster medium (ICM). For a satellite galaxy, the CGM is often assumed to be entirely stripped/evaporated, an assumption that may not always be justified. We carry out 3D-hydrodynamic simulations of the interstellar and circumgalactic media (ISM + CGM) of a galaxy like JO201 moving through the ICM. The CGM can survive long at cluster outskirts ($\gtrsim 2 \rm \ Gyr$) but at smaller clustercentric distances, 90 per cent of the CGM mass is lost within ∼500 Myr. The gravitational restoring force on the CGM is mostly negligible and the CGM–ICM interaction is analogous to ‘cloud–wind interaction’. The CGM stripping time-scale does not depend on the ram pressure but on the CGM to ICM density contrast χ. Two distinct regimes emerge for CGM stripping: the χ &gt; 1 regime, which is the well-known ‘cloud crushing’ problem, and the χ &lt; 1 regime, which we refer to as the (relatively unexplored) ‘bubble drag’ problem. The first pericentric passage near the cluster core can rapidly – over a crossing time tdrag ∼ R/vrel – strip the CGM in the bubble drag regime. The ISM stripping criterion unlike the CGM criterion, still depends on the ram pressure $\rho _{\rm ICM} v_{\rm rel}^2$. The stripped tails of satellites contain contributions from both the disc and the CGM. The X-ray plume in M89 in the Virgo cluster and a lack of it in the nearby M90 might be attributed to their orbital histories. M90 has likely undergone stripping in the bubble drag regime due to a pericentric passage close to the cluster centre.
WeSA: a web server for improving analysis of affinity proteomics data
Authors: Shtetinska Magdalena M , González-Sánchez Juan-Carlos , Beyer Tina , Boldt Karsten , Ueffing Marius , Russell Robert B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Protein–protein interaction experiments still yield many false positive interactions. The socioaffinity metric can distinguish true protein-protein interactions from noise based on available data. Here, we present WeSA (Weighted SocioAffinity), which considers large datasets of interaction proteomics data (IntAct, BioGRID, the BioPlex) to score human protein interactions and, in a statistically robust way, flag those (even from a single experiment) that are likely to be false positives. ROC analysis (using CORUM-PDB positives and Negatome negatives) shows that WeSA improves over other measures of interaction confidence. WeSA shows consistently good results over all datasets (up to: AUC = 0.93 and at best threshold: TPR = 0.84, FPR = 0.11, Precision = 0.98). WeSA is freely available without login (wesa.russelllab.org). Users can submit their own data or look for organized information on human protein interactions using the web server. Users can either retrieve available information for a list of proteins of interest or calculate scores for new experiments. The server outputs either pre-computed or updated WeSA scores for the input enriched with information from databases. The summary is presented as a table and a network-based visualization allowing the user to remove those nodes/edges that the method considers spurious.
NeMu: a comprehensive pipeline for accurate reconstruction of neutral mutation spectra from evolutionary data
Authors: Efimenko Bogdan , Popadin Konstantin , Gunbin Konstantin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The recognized importance of mutational spectra in molecular evolution is yet to be fully exploited beyond human cancer studies and model organisms. The wealth of intraspecific polymorphism data in the GenBank repository, covering a broad spectrum of genes and species, presents an untapped opportunity for detailed mutational spectrum analysis. Existing methods fall short by ignoring intermediate substitutions on the inner branches of phylogenetic trees and lacking the capability for cross-species mutational comparisons. To address these challenges, we present the NeMu pipeline, available at https://nemu-pipeline.com, a tool grounded in phylogenetic principles designed to provide comprehensive and scalable analysis of mutational spectra. Utilizing extensive sequence data from numerous available genome projects, NeMu rapidly and accurately reconstructs the neutral mutational spectrum. This tool, facilitating the reconstruction of gene- and species-specific mutational spectra, contributes to a deeper understanding of evolutionary mechanisms across the broad spectrum of known species.