bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between PLR and NLR with Tumor Size in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Widyaningsih Sri , Rofinda Zelly Dia 
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females globally and one of the main causes of cancer death. There are several markers of cancer-related inflammation to help predict the relationship between pathologic characteristics of breast cancer. The research objective was to analyze the correlation between PLR and NLR with associated tumor size in breast cancer. This was a retrospective study with a cross-sectional design. This study used secondary data from the medical records of breast cancer patients who met the inclusion criteria at Siti Khodijah Hospital, Sidoarjo from January 2021 to March 2023. The sample size was 54 subjects, patients with breast cancer confirmed by pathology anatomy. The exclusion criteria were patients with infection, autoimmune disease, and hematology disorder. All the subjects were female. The mean age at the time of breast cancer diagnosis was 50.18±10.23 years, range of 27-80 years old. Most of the patients were over 50 years as much as 28 (51.85 %), while there were 26 (48.14%) > 50 years. The PLR range was 15.45-600.0, the NLR range was 0.58-9.98, tumor size range was 0.5-10.0 cm. Correlation between PLR and NLR with tumor size in breast cancer (p=0.351 and p=0.339). Correlation analysis showed that PLR and NLR had no significant correlation with tumor size ( r= -0.129, p=0.351 and r= -0.133, p=0.339). In conclusion, there is no significant correlation between PLR and NLR with histopathology of tumor size in patients with breast cancer.
Development and Characterisation of Valsartan Immediate Release Dosage Form Using Solubility Enhancement Technique
Authors: Saripilli R. , Teella P. , Nataraj Kalakonda S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of the present investigation is to improve the solubility of valsartan and prepare immediate release tablets.

Materials and methods
To increase the solubility and bioavailability of valsartan, a low-soluble antihypertensive drug, immediate release dosage forms were formulated by a direct compression method using a solid dispersion technique with three different carriers (β-cyclodextrin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 and poloxamer 188) at three different ratios (1:3, 1:4 and 1:5). Nine physical mixtures (PM1–PM9) were prepared and various physical parameters were characterised in in vitro release studies.

Results
Out of the prepared physical mixtures, PM8 showed the best results, with 94.2% of the drug dissolving within 30 min. Formulation PM8 solid dispersion further used for the preparation of valsartan immediate release tablets by using sodium starch glycolate superdisintegrant, at different concentrations (3%, 4% and 5%; i.e., IF1, IF2 and IF3 formulations, respectively). The optimised formulation showed friability and disintegration values of 0.456±0.9 and 6.2±0.4 min. Among the three immediate release formulations, IF2, which contains 4% sodium starch glycolate, demonstrated an 84.46% drug release in 30 min and a 99.69% drug release in 1 hr, indicating increased drug solubility. When compared with a valsartan pure drug, the solubility of the solid dispersion increased by 135.06-fold.

Discussion and conclusion
The results show that the optimised IF2 formulation demonstrated enhanced drug solubility by 135.06-fold, using a solid dispersion technique with poloxamer 188. This can be explained by the conversion of crystalline to an amorphous form of drug, leading to a reduction in the contact angle between the drug and the gastric medium. It can be concluded that poloxamer 188 is a suitable carrier and that use of a physical mixture technique is an applicable method to improve the solubility of valsartan.
Artificial intelligence in medical education: Typologies and ethical approaches
Authors: Pregowska Agnieszka , Perkins Mark 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has an increasing role to play in medical education and has great potential to revolutionize health professional education systems overall. However, this is accompanied by substantial questions concerning technical and ethical risks which are of particular importance because the quality of medical education has a direct effect on physical and psychological health and wellbeing. This article establishes an overarching distinction of AI across two typological dimensions, functional and humanistic. As indispensable foundations, these are then related to medical practice overall, and forms of implementation with examples are described in both general and medical education. Increasingly, the conditions for successful medical education will depend on an understanding of AI and the ethical issues surrounding its implementation, as well as the formulation of appropriate guidelines by regulatory and other authorities. Within that discussion, the limits of both narrow or Routine AI (RAI) and artificial general intelligence or Decision AI (DAI) are examined particularly in view of the ethical need for Trustworthy AI (TAI) as part of the humanistic dimension. All stakeholders, from patients to medical practitioners, managers, and institutions, need to be able to trust AI, and loss of confidence could be catastrophic in some cases.
Ethical implications of epigenetic studies: On ghost damage
Authors: Cabezas Mar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Considering the recent epigenetic studies on the transgenerational transmission of trauma, this article aims to 1) explore its ethical implications for the concept and nature of moral damage, and 2) offer normative suggestions on collective responsibilities both synchronic and diachronic. To do so, I first address recent epigenetic studies’ showing the crystallization of emotional information through generations, and second, defend that a unified approach to the concept of ghost damage may be useful to categorize this phenomenon, facilitate future research on this type of moral damage, and recognize its importance in the identification of hermeneutical injustice. Finally, I suggest that granting a right to transgenerational information may help avoid the perpetuation of inherited damage that jeopardize mental and physical health in the offspring.
DIAGNÓSTICO A LA FORMACIÓN DE ADMINISTRADORES DE EMPRESAS DE LA ESCUELA NACIONAL DEL DEPORTE Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA GENERACIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS BLANDAS AÑO 2023
Authors: Tenorio Luis Enrique David , Núñez Claudia Lorena Vásquez , Ospina Alexis Rojas 
Published: June 2024

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar un diagnóstico de la formación de administradores de empresas y su incidencia en la generación de competencias blandas de los estudiantes del programa, en la Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte para el año 2023, se utilizó una metodología de investigación teórico- empírica, cuyo enfoque es descriptivo teniendo presente el objetivo a alcanzar. Reflejando si realmente las actividades de formación en las cuales se involucra el estudiante aportan al desarrollo de las competencias blandas. Partiendo de la idea del constante cambio que se evidencia hoy por hoy en la captación del capital humano por parte de las organizaciones, convirtiendo a las anteriores en un punto fundamental y necesario para la evaluación del capital humano. Como resultado se identificó al campo laboral como fuente generadora de las competencias blandas en la mayoría de los participantes de la investigación, siendo de suma importancia la incursión en el programa de actividades que generen las anteriores, partiendo desde la confrontación del campo académico con el sector económico, en ambientes simulados.
RANCANG BANGUN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK UNTUK BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PADA PENERANGAN JALAN UMUM TENAGA SURYA
Authors: Rahmawati Diana , Sukri Hanifudin , Alfian Muhammad Afif , Setiawan Heri , Setiawibawa Rachmat 
Published: June 2024

Batteries are an energy source that can be used as backup electrical energy in several electronic devices. Solar power generation (solar cells) and management of Public Street Lighting (PJUTS) require batteries as the main component so that the system can run well. Generally, the batteries used in solar cell systems and public street lighting use Lithium-Ion batteries because these batteries can last a long time and are more environmentally friendly. However, there are often problems that can occur with batteries used in Solar Power Generation (PLTS) systems, namely that they easily degrade, have a short life cycle and there are losses in the battery caused by internal resistance. This problem can be avoided with a Battery Management System (BMS) that is good at monitoring system performance effectively to avoid damage and failure in battery function. With advances in technology, a model for monitoring and storing current, voltage and battery temperature values was created that was integrated with an Android device via Internet of Things communication using a NodeMCU device, WCS1800 sensor, DSB1820 sensor and 4 12V Lithium-Ion batteries using the IoT application. on smartphones and Coulomb calculations. The state of charge and state of health values are obtained using 2 nodes with specifications per node having a light load of 4 with a size of 50 Watts
Abstrak
Baterai merupakan sumber energi yang dapat digunakan sebagai cadangan energi listrik pada beberapa perangkat elektronik. Pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (solar cell) dan pengelolaan Penerangan Jalan Umum (PJUTS) membutuhkan baterai sebagai komponen utamanya agar sistem dapat berjalan dengan baik. Umumnya baterai yang digunakan dalam sistem solar cell dan penerangan jalan umum menggunakan baterai Lithium-Ion karena baterai ini mampu bertahan lama dan lebih ramah lingkungan. Namun sering terjadi kendala yang dapat terjadi pada baterai yang digunakan dalam sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) yaitu mudah mengalami degradasi, mendapati siklus hidup yang pendek dan terdapat rugi-rugi di dalam baterai yang disebabkan karena adanya hambatan internal. Kendala ini dapat dihindari dengan Battery Management System (BMS) yang bagus dalam monitoring kinerja sistem efektif untuk menghindari kerusakan dan kegagalan pada fungsi baterai. Dengan adanya kemajuan teknologi dibuatlah sebuah model pemantauan dan menyimpan nilai arus, tegangan, dan temperatur baterai yang terintegrasi dengan perangkat android melalui komunikasi Internet Of Things dengan menggunakan perangkat NodeMCU, sensor WCS1800, sensor DSB1820 dan 4 buah baterai Lithium-Ion 12V dengan menggunakan aplikasi IoT di smartphone dan perhitungan Coulomb. Nilai state of charge dan state of health didapatkan dengan menggunakan 2 node dengan spesifikasi per node memiliki beban lampu sebanyak 4 buah dengan ukuran 50 Watt
The 14-3-3η Biomarker Platform for Diagnosis and Prognostic Monitoring of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Maksymowych W. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. There are several gaps in the clinical evaluation and management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that could be addressed through the development of new biomarkers. These include diagnostic biomarkers for primary care physicians that facilitate early referral to a rheumatologist and modifiable biomarkers that guide prognostic assessment and inform rheumatologists on the need for more intensive treatment.
The aim of the study.To review the literature regarding the 14-3-3η biomarker platform for diagnosis and prognostic monitoring of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Materials and methods. Content analysis, the method of systematic and comparative analysis, the bibliosemantic method of studying the current scientific research on 14-3-3η biomarker platform for diagnosis and prognostic monitoring of patients with RA were used.
Results. The 14-3-3ηprotein is a new biomarker that is physiologically an intracellular chaperone but is detected extracellularly in joint fluid and peripheral blood specifically in patients with RA. Levels of this protein correlated with expression of metalloproteinases capable of degrading joint cartilage and with factors that enhance activation of osteoclasts. The mechanism of secretion into extracellular fluid may involve necrosis of synovial cells induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a).It enhances diagnostic accuracy of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies for detection of RA and is associated with more severe disease but correlates poorly with acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein. Levels are reduced by several treatments, notably agents that target interleukin-6 and TNF-a. Prospective studies demonstrate that serial measures of 14-3-3η reflect prognostic risk for progression of joint damage on radiography, especially when used in combination with acute phase reactants. The extracellular appearance of 14-3-3η may induce antibodies to this protein which may themselves have diagnostic utility.
Conclusions. The14-3-3η protein is selectively found in the joints and peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It has properties of an inflammatory mediator in culture experiments involving monocytic and innate immune cells and levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients correlate with those of metalloproteinases associated with cartilage degradation. Longitudinal studies and serial assessment of 14-3-3η demonstrate that higher levels increase the risk for future joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. These data should be replicated in additional cohorts.
Transition Experiences from Student to Business Owner: A Narrative Analysis among Nascent Entrepreneurs
Authors: Soda Ruth , Chinyamurindi Willie Tafadzwa 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Given the high unemployment rate in countries like South Africa, a need exists to understand the experiences gained during the transition from student to business owner. Such an inquiry aids the further development of a new generation of entrepreneurs. The study’s objective was to explore the factors and challenges of transition by nascent entrepreneurs using individuals who had been students as a sample in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected through interviews with 22 participants who had made the journey from students to first-time business owners, utilising narrative analysis. The three levels of meaning-making were used to analyse the data.

Findings: The findings of this study position three salient narratives. First, the motivation to become an entrepreneur is largely influenced by the experience of coming from a context of hardship. Second, the challenge of transitioning from student to entrepreneur is influenced by resourcing and capability challenges. Third, in experiencing the motivator and ensuing challenges, the nascent entrepreneurs relied on more informal networks of support than formal channels.

Practical implications – Based on the research findings, the researchers have recommendations that can assist universities and students, those who are already in the entrepreneurial space, and the government.

Originality/value – This study is a pioneer in exploring the transition experiences from student to nascent entrepreneurship within the South African context, illustrating this through narrative analysis.
Assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital-based pharmacists in reporting adverse drug reactions in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ayeni Foluke Adenike , Olugbake Olubusola Agbeke , Ambeke Yewande Patricia 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality associated with medication use in patients. Prompt reporting of all ADRs is the best way to address this issue. The objectives of this study are to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of hospital pharmacists toward ADR reporting in selected public and private hospitals in two local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos State.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among hospital pharmacists in Ikeja and Surulere LGAs using pretested and validated, self-administered questionnaires. Associations between demographic variables and KAP levels were evaluated using descriptive analysis and a Chi-squared test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
A total of 100 questionnaires were received and analyzed; with 40% males and 60% females, majority of who were under 30 years. Pharmacists in public hospitals demonstrated a higher knowledge and attitude scores to ADR reporting at 90% and 81.7% respectively, while higher practice scores were seen in private hospitals at 37.5%. Overall, good knowledge and attitude scores of 89% and 82%, respectively, were reported, but poor practice scores of 23% were obtained across both hospital sectors. There was a degree of association between higher education levels and a positive attitude to ADR reporting at 3.37 (95% confidence interval: 0.99–11.49, P = 0.049).

Conclusion:
Hospital pharmacists in Lagos State have a high level of knowledge and positive attitude to ADR reporting but there is low practice, especially in the public sector.
Calculation of software localization level
Authors: Жданеев Олег Валерьевич 
Published: June 2024

Технологический суверенитет и развитие технологий в критической информационной инфраструктуре являются важнейшими вопросами в текущей геополитической ситуации. Переход на российское программное обеспечение в топливно-энергетическом комплексе требует определения области наиболее высокой зависимости от импорта и приоритетных направлений сосредоточения усилий государственно-частного партнерства. Вместе с тем в настоящее время во всех отраслях промышленности, и в частности в топливно-энергетическом комплексе, не внедрена единая методология расчета локализации программного обеспечения. Выбор методик для расчета остается за компанией или органами власти и подходы к расчету импортной составляющей не являются унифицированными. В связи с этим отсутствует единая сравнительная база и возможность корректной оценки уровня импортозамещения программного обеспечения компаниями. В статье представлен обзор нормативно-правовых документов в части требований по внедрению российского программного обеспечения. Выявлены проблемные аспекты определения российского программного обеспечения. Предложена методика расчета уровня локализации программного обеспечения, отличающаяся от принятых в России как по количеству критериев, так и по итоговому расчету: разработанная методика включает наибольшее количество метрик и критериев и дает наиболее корректный результат. Отличительной особенностью методики является ориентированность на цепь создания стоимости программного обеспечения.
Technological sovereignty and the development of technologies in critical information infrastructure are the most important issues in the current geopolitical situation. The transition to Russian software in the fuel and energy complex requires determining the area of the highest dependence on imports and priority areas for concentrating public-private partnership efforts. The article presents a review of regulatory and legal documents in terms of requirements to the implementation of Russian software. It reveals the problematic aspects of defining Russian software. The methodology for calculating the level of software localization, which differs from those adopted in Russia both in the number of criteria and in the final calculation, is offered. The methodology includes the greatest number of metrics and criteria compared to the existing Russian methods and gives the most accurate calculation result. The distinctive feature of the methodology is its focus on software value chain.
Laboratory and Mathematical Modeling of Green Roof and Different Color Roofs
Authors: Cataldo Joseph , Elborolosy Yara Yasser 
Published: June 2024

Several studies were compiled using data from physical models of green and black surfaces in the lab and the Cooper Union (CU) roof as well as green roof studies of the Javits Green Roof (JGR) measured over a six-year period. Observations were made with weather stations, custom designed draining systems and three partial flumes each equipped with a pressure transducer and weighing lysimeters. An infrared camera was used at the CU and JGR to collect thermal images to determine the effectiveness these roofs had for thermal buffering. A multiple regression curve was calculated relating the lysimeter mass and five independent variables, with the precipitation runoff and retention time being the most important variables. The surface of the black roof was compared to white and green roofs at CU. The temperature was significantly higher (over 70 °C) on the black roof clearly showing the advantage of using a green roof. The ET was calculated on the JGR using the Penman-Monteith (P/M) equations. The runoff hydrograph for the JGR was constant with an increase in precipitation and storage when the hydrograph dropped in response to the precipitation and storage. When the plots (185 square meters at JGR) were irrigated, the dry plots always had higher temperatures (above 15 °C during summer daytime). The ET is the controlling factor for temperature reduction on a vegetated green roof as shown in the JGR data. The relative humidity (RH) was measured in the CU lab and on the JGR and showed similar results. The RH dropped during higher temperatures and recovered at lower temperatures. The results of these studies at CU and JGR clearly show the benefits of using a vegetated green roof.
Evaluating Patient Experience with Food in a Hospital-Wide Survey
Authors: Lalande Annie , Patterson Keiko , Gadhari Neha , Macneill Andrea J. , Zhao Jiaying 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Patient dissatisfaction with hospital food is an important driver of poor food intake in hospitals. The objective of this study was to examine patient satisfaction with current menu offerings and explore patient preferences and values, in order to inform a patient-centred menu redesign. Methods: Between July and September 2021, a cross-sectional survey was distributed to inpatients receiving a lunch tray at Vancouver General Hospital, a large tertiary care centre in Vancouver, Canada. The survey was based on the Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire, with additional questions on food experience, factors impacting preferences for hospital meals, interest in plant-rich diets, and demographics. Results: The response rate was 5.5%, with 271 patients completing at least part of the survey. On a 5-point Likert scale, (5 – highest score; 1 – lowest score) satisfaction with food quality (mean = 3.09, p < 0.001) and the overall experience (mean = 3.54, p < 0.001) was lower than industry benchmark of 4, and qualitative feedback was generally negative. Open-ended responses indicated patients were interested in expanded cultural diversity in food provision, more fresh produce and better flavours, and were generally open to trying plant-rich foods. Conclusions: A number of opportunities for improvement were identified in this survey, which will inform an upcoming menu redesign in this institution.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE DEPICTED AS THE DISCRIMINATIVE USE
Authors: Putri Novita Sumarlin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract This paper discussed the implementation of Javanese language and the impact of the use. The writer did this study by the literature review. 25 text books are used as sources the data. Then, the writer made the summary from the review. Through the review, there is speech of levels in Java called by unggah-ungguhing basa (speech levels). Commonly the Javanese language is divided into three level; they are ngoko (rude), madya (middle in use) and krama (refined). Each of them shows difference in use based on Javanese social status. It can be classified into social stratification which is system placement of social class based on the different rights. Social stratification causes discrimination especially in class discriminative and social distance in society. To realize about that discrimination, we have to understand about the basic of human right.Key word: Discrimination, Javanese language, social stratification