bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of duodenal carcinoid tumor by laparoscopy‐assisted endoscopic full‐thickness resection with lymphadenectomy
Authors: Abe N , Takeuchi H , Shibuya M , Ohki A , Yanagida O , Masaki T , Mori T , Sugiyama M 
Published: April 2012

AbstractReports on endoscopic full‐thickness resection of the duodenum using the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique are rare. Here we present a case of a duodenal bulb carcinoid tumor successfully treated by laparoscopy‐assisted endoscopic full‐thickness resection (LAEFR). An asymptomatic 65‐year‐old woman had a 10‐mm, submucosal tumor on the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb. Abdominal CT revealed an enlarged lymph node adjacent to the duodenum and pancreas. Although we informed the patient of the need for pancreatoduodenectomy with a lymphadenectomy, the patient expressly requested LAEFR. After negative nodal metastasis was confirmed by an intraoperative frozen section of the enlarged nodes, LAEFR was performed using the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique under the laparoscopic assistance. The duodenal wall defect was closed by laparoscopy with an Albert anastomosis. The entire circumferential margin of the specimen was histopathologically negative for carcinoid tumor cells. In summary, LAEFR enables en bloc and whole‐layer excision of nonperiampullary duodenal lesions with a sufficient surgical margin, both vertically and laterally. LAEFR is a minimally invasive and effective treatment for selected patients with duodenal carcinoid tumor.
Pneumothorax following endoscopic submucosal dissection of a rectal tumor
Authors: Lau WD , Tan KY 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEndoscopic submucosal dissection is a useful alternative to endoscopic mucosal resection and surgery for en bloc resection of colorectal tumors. However, the technique is considered to be difficult, and potential complications include perforation and postoperative bleeding. In this case report, we present a case of a 63‐year‐old woman who developed pneumothorax after endoscopic submucosal dissection of a rectal tumor.
Fibro‐osseous tumour of the second metacarpal bone in a Thoroughbred filly
Authors: Madron M. S. , McClure S. R. , Yaeger M. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryA 7‐month‐old Thoroughbred filly was evaluated because of an enlarging mass present on the proximomedial aspect of the left metacarpus. The mass was first noticed at age 2 months and had continued to increase in size. The mass was firm, nonpainful to palpation, covered with normal haired skin and had never been associated with lameness. Radiographs obtained at ages 2 and 7 months revealed an enlarging and partially mineralised mass associated with the second metacarpal bone. Based on the clinical and radiographic progression, as well as the location of the mass, a poor prognosis for future athletic soundness was given and the filly was subjected to euthanasia. The mass had histological features of both an ossifying fibroma and osteoma.
Uncertainties in RECIST as a measure of volume for lung nodules and liver tumors
Authors: Levine Zachary H. , Pintar Adam L. , Hagedorn John G. , Fenimore Charles P. , Heussel Claus P. 
Published: April 2012

Purpose:The authors wish to determine the extent to which the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) can predict tumor volumes and changes in volume using clinical data.Methods:The data presented are a reanalysis of data acquired in other studies, including the public database from the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) and from a study of liver tumors.Results:The principal result is that a given RECIST diameter predicts volume to a factor of 16 or 10 for the two data sets, respectively, by examining 95% prediction bounds and that changes in volume are predicted only little better: to within a factor of 7 for the liver data. The WHO criteria reduce the prediction bounds by a factor of 1.3 in all cases. Also, the RECIST threshold of 10 mm to measure a nodule corresponds to a transition zone width of a factor of more than 2 in volume for the nodules in the LIDC database.Conclusions:While the RECIST diameter is certainly correlated with the volume, and similarly for changes in these quantities, the use of the diameter introduces additional variation assuming volume is the quantity of interest. Exactly how much this reduces the statistical power of clinical drug trials is a key open question for future research.
Extensive Mutagenesis of the Conserved Box E Motif in Duck Hepatitis B Virus P Protein Reveals Multiple Functions in Replication and a Common Structure with the Primer Grip in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase
Authors: Wang Yong-Xiang , Luo Cheng , Zhao Dan , Beck Jürgen , Nassal Michael 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTHepadnaviruses, including the pathogenic hepatitis B virus (HBV), replicate their small DNA genomes through protein-primed reverse transcription, mediated by the terminal protein (TP) domain in their P proteins and an RNA stem-loop, ϵ, on the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA). No direct structural data are available for P proteins, but their reverse transcriptase (RT) domains contain motifs that are conserved in all RTs (box A to box G), implying a similar architecture; however, experimental support for this notion is limited. Exploiting assays available for duck HBV (DHBV) but not the HBV P protein, we assessed the functional consequences of numerous mutations in box E, which forms the DNA primer grip in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RT. This substructure coordinates primer 3′-end positioning and RT subdomain movements during the polymerization cycle and is a prime target for nonnucleosidic RT inhibitors (NNRTIs) of HIV-1 RT. Box E was indeed critical for DHBV replication, with the mutations affecting the folding, ϵ RNA interactions, and polymerase activity of the P protein in a position- and amino acid side chain-dependent fashion similar to that of HIV-1 RT. Structural similarity to HIV-1 RT was underlined by molecular modeling and was confirmed by the replication activity of chimeric P proteins carrying box E, or even box C to box E, from HIV-1 RT. Hence, box E in the DHBV P protein and likely the HBV P protein forms a primer grip-like structure that may provide a new target for anti-HBV NNRTIs.
Aptamer That Binds to the gD Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and Efficiently Inhibits Viral Entry
Authors: Gopinath Subash C. B. , Hayashi Kyoko , Kumar Penmetcha K. R. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

The ectodomain of the gD protein of herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) plays an important role in viral entry by binding to specific cellular coreceptors and mediating viral entry to the host cells. In the present study, we isolated RNA aptamers (aptamer-1 and aptamer-5) that specifically bind to the gD protein of HSV-1 with high affinity and are able to discriminate the gD protein of a different virus, HSV-2. Aptamer-1 efficiently interfered with the interaction between the gD protein and the HSV-1 target cell receptor (HVEM) in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% effective concentration (EC
50
) of aptamer-1 was estimated to be in the nanomolar range (60 nM). Furthermore, aptamer-1 was analyzed for anti-HSV-1 activity by using plaque assays, and it efficiently inhibited viral entry with an estimated

K
i

of 0.8 μM. To expand the future applications of aptamer-1, a shorter variant was designed by using both mapping and boundary analyses, resulting in the mini-1 aptamer (44-mer). Compared to the full-length aptamer, mini-1 had at least as high an affinity, specificity, and ability to interfere with gD-HVEM interactions. These studies suggest that the mini-1 aptamer could be explored further as an anti-HSV-1 topical therapy designed to prevent the risk of acquiring HSV-1 infection through physical contact.
Capsid Structure and Its Stability at the Late Stages of Bacteriophage SPP1 Assembly
Authors: White Helen E. , Sherman Michael B. , Brasilès Sandrine , Jacquet Eric , Seavers Philippa , Tavares Paulo , Orlova Elena V. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

The structure of the bacteriophage SPP1 capsid was determined at subnanometer resolution by cryo-electron microscopy and single-particle analysis. The icosahedral capsid is composed of the major capsid protein gp13 and the auxiliary protein gp12, which are organized in a
T
=7 lattice. DNA is arranged in layers with a distance of ∼24.5 Å. gp12 forms spikes that are anchored at the center of gp13 hexamers. In a gp12-deficient mutant, the centers of hexamers are closed by loops of gp13 coming together to protect the SPP1 genome from the outside environment. The HK97-like fold was used to build a pseudoatomic model of gp13. Its structural organization remains unchanged upon tail binding and following DNA release. gp13 exhibits enhanced thermostability in the DNA-filled capsid. A remarkable convergence between the thermostability of the capsid and those of the other virion components was found, revealing that the overall architecture of the SPP1 infectious particle coevolved toward high robustness.
Intervention for control of hypertension in Catalonia, Spain (INCOTECA Project): results of a multicentric, non-randomised, quasi-experimental controlled intervention study
Authors: Vallès-Fernández Roser , Rodriguez-Blanco Teresa , Mengual-Martínez Lucas , Rosell-Murphy Magdalena , Prieto-De Lamo Gemma , Martínez-Frutos Fina , Mimoso-Moreno Sonia , Bellerino-Serrano Eva , Àlvarez-Lázaro Alícia , Franzi-Sisó Alícia , Martínez-Vindel Juan Carlos , Alonso-Ortega Mª Socorro , Olmedo-Muñoz Imma , Bonet-Simó Josep Mª ,   the INCOTECA research group
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a quality improvement (QI) plan aimed at primary healthcare teams (PHCTs) to optimise hypertension control and to compare it with standard clinical care.MethodsDesignMulticentric, non-randomised, quasi-experimental controlled intervention study.Setting5 PHCTs in the intervention and 13 in the standard care group in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.ParticipantsThis is a population-based study in which all patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of hypertension before 1 January 2006 were included (n=9877 in the intervention group and n=21 704 in the control group).InterventionA QI plan that targeted primary care professionals. The plan included training sessions, implementation of recommended clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertensive patients and audit and feedback to health professionals.Main outcome measurePrevalence of hypertensive patients with an adequate blood pressure (BP) control.ResultsThe adjusted difference between intervention and standard care groups in the odds of BP control was 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6, p=0.003). Results of the mixed model on repeated measures showed that, on average, an individual in the intervention group had an increase of 92% in the odds of BP control (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.1).ConclusionsThe implementation of a QI plan can improve BP control. This strategy is potentially feasible for up-scaling within the existing PHCTs.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov MS: 1998275938244441.
Molecular Pathways: Old Drugs Define New Pathways: Non-Histone Acetylation at the Crossroads of the DNA Damage Response and Autophagy
Authors: Botrugno Oronza Antonietta , Robert Thomas , Vanoli Fabio , Foiani Marco , Minucci Saverio 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) modulate acetylation and the function of histone and non-histone proteins. HDAC inhibitors have been developed to block the aberrant action of HDACs in cancer, and several are in clinical use (vorinostat, romidepsin, and valproic acid). Detailed understanding of their action is lacking, however, and their clinical activity is limited in most cases. Recently, HDACs have been involved in the control of the DNA damage response (DDR) at several levels and in directly regulating the acetylation of a number of DDR proteins (including CtIP and Exo1). Mechanistically, acetylation leads to the degradation of double-strand break repair enzymes through autophagy, providing a novel, direct link between DDR and autophagy. These observations, obtained in yeast cells, should now be translated to mammalian model systems and cancer cells to reveal whether this acetylation link is maintained in mammals, and if and how it is deregulated in cancer. In addition to HDACs, DDR and autophagy have been addressed pharmacologically, suggesting that the acetylation link, if involved in cancer, can be exploited for the design of new anticancer treatments. Clin Cancer Res; 18(9); 2436–42. ©2012 AACR.
What was Contemporary Art?
Authors: Esanu Octavian 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article contributes to a recent debate around the question “What Is Contemporary Art?” It brings into discussion certain key aspects of the activities of the Soros Centers for Contemporary Art (SCCA)—a network of contemporary art centers established by the Open Society Institute in Eastern Europe during the 1990s. The author draws upon distinctions between this new type of art institution and the Union of Artists (the organizations which represented the interests of artists under socialism), highlighting distinct artistic, aesthetic and economic characteristics of each institutional model.
Satzspaltung im Avestischen und Altpersischen (mit einem Ausblick auf das Mittelpersische)
Authors: Widmer Paul 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper investigates the formal and functional properties of cleft sentences in Avestan and Old Persian, a construction whose existence has not been recognised in these languages hitherto. In Avestan, cleft sentences mainly function as focussing device, whereas in Old Persian, their principal function consists in the structuring of information on a text level. It is, furthermore, pointed to the fact that the usage of cleft sentences increases considerably in Middle Persian where this construction developed a much wider range of formal and functional properties as compared to the older stages of Iranian.
On the Difference Between a Pupil and a Historian of Ideas
Authors: Green Jeffrey Edward 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This essay takes up the fundamental question of the proper place of history in the study of political thought through critical engagement with Mark Bevir’s seminal work, The Logic of the History of Ideas. While I accept the claim of Bevir, as well as of other exponents of the so-called “Cambridge School,” that there is a conceptual difference between historical and non-historical modes of reading past works of political philosophy, I resist the suggestion that this conceptual differentiation itself justifies the specialization, among practicing intellectuals, between historians of ideas and others who read political-philosophical texts non-historically. Over and against the figure of the historian of ideas, who interprets political thought only in the manner of a historian, I defend the ideal of the pupil, who in studying past traditions of political thought also seeks to extend and modify them in light of contemporary problems and concerns. Against Bevir, I argue that the mixture of historical and non-historical modes of learning, in the manner of the pupil, need not do damage to the historian of ideas’ commitment to scholarship that is non-anachronistic, objective, and non-indeterminate.
A Successful Introduction of Authentic Research Early in an Undergraduate Atmospheric Science Program
Authors: Quardokus Kathleen , Lasher-Trapp Sonia , Riggs Eric M. 
Published: April 2012

Participating in scientific research as an undergraduate student provides an opportunity to increase understanding of how scientific knowledge is advanced, to learn new research tools, to develop the ability to critically analyze new ideas, and to practice disseminating scientific findings. This experience unfortunately has traditionally been limited to students that can participate in select programs (e.g., summer research experiences, undergraduate positions in a faculty member's research group, special topics courses, independent study, or internships).A new laboratory course has been developed to provide sophomore- level atmospheric science students with the opportunity to participate in an authentic research project within the structure of an academic semester. The course consists of two modules based upon research topics currently under investigation by faculty (here, specific problems in cloud microphysics and severe weather research). Students participate in learning activities, work as a research team, and formally present research findings. Phenomenological evaluation of the new course through interviews, surveys, and student performance assessments, using constant comparative analysis, suggests these students improve their ability to understand and perform authentic research. The students attribute their success to the “scaffolding” structure of the course, peer collaboration, and their own high level of enthusiasm. Results also imply that students gain some clarification of their career options.
Airborne Doppler Lidar Measurements of Valley Flows in Complex Coastal Terrain
Authors: De Wekker S. F. J. , Godwin K. S. , Emmitt G. D. , Greco S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThree-dimensional winds obtained with an airborne Doppler lidar are used to investigate the spatial structure of topographically driven flows in complex coastal terrain in Southern California. The airborne Doppler lidar collected four hours of data between the surface and 3000 m MSL along a 40-km segment of the Salinas Valley during the afternoon of 12 November 2007. The airborne lidar measurements, obtained at horizontal and vertical resolutions of approximately 1500 and 50 m, respectively, reveal a detailed spatial structure of the atmospheric flows within the valley and their associated aerosol features. Clear skies prevailed on the flight day with northwesterly synoptic flows around 10 m s−1. The data document a shallow sea breeze making a transition into an upvalley flow in the Salinas Valley that accelerates in the upvalley direction. Along with the acceleration of the upvalley wind, the lidar data indicate the presence of enhanced sinking motions. No return flows associated with the sea-breeze or upvalley flows are observed. While synoptic flows are aligned along the valley axis in the upvalley direction, lidar data indicate the presence of a northerly cross-valley flow around the height of the surrounding ridges. This flow intrudes into the valley atmosphere and induces, along with thermally driven slope flows on the sunlit valley sidewall, a cross-valley circulation that causes an asymmetric distribution of the aerosols. This study demonstrates the large potential of airborne Doppler lidar data in describing flows in complex terrain.
Climate Model–Simulated Diurnal Cycles in HIRS Clear-Sky Brightness Temperatures
Authors: MacKenzie Ian A. , Tett Simon F. B. , Lindfors Anders V. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Clear-sky brightness temperature measurements from the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) are simulated with two climate models via a radiative transfer code. The models are sampled along the HIRS orbit paths to derive diurnal climatologies of simulated brightness temperature analogous to an existing climatology based on HIRS observations. Simulated and observed climatologies are compared to assess model performance and the robustness of the observed climatology.
Over land, there is good agreement between simulations and observations, with particularly high consistency for the tropospheric temperature channels. Diurnal cycles in the middle- and upper-tropospheric water vapor channels are weak in both simulations and observations, but the simulated diurnal brightness temperature ranges are smaller than are observed with different phase and there are also intermodel differences. Over sea, the absence of diurnal variability in the models’ sea surface temperatures causes an underestimate of the small diurnal cycles measured in the troposphere.
The simulated and observed climatologies imply similar diurnal sampling biases in the HIRS record for the tropospheric temperature channels, but for the upper-tropospheric water vapor channel, differences in the contributions of the 24- and 12-hourly diurnal harmonics lead to differences in the implied bias. Comparison of diurnal cycles derived from HIRS-like and full model sampling suggests that the HIRS measurements are sufficient to fully constrain the diurnal behavior.
Overall, the results suggest that recent climate models well represent the major processes driving the diurnal behavior of clear-sky brightness temperature in the HIRS channels. This encourages further studies of observed and simulated climate trends over the HIRS era.
Cross-Wavelet Bias Corrected by Normalizing Scales
Authors: Veleda Doris , Montagne Raul , Araujo Moacyr 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The cross-wavelet transform (XWT) is a powerful tool for testing the proposed connections between two time series. Because of XWT’s skeletal structure, which is based on the wavelet transform, it is suitable for the analysis of nonstationary periodic signals. Recent work has shown that the power spectrum based on the wavelet transform can produce a deviation, which can be corrected by choosing a proper rectification scale. In this study, it is shown that the standard application of the XWT can also lead to a biased result. A corrected version of the standard XWT was constructed using the scale of each series as normalizing factors. This correction was first tested with an artificial example involving two series built from combinations of two harmonic series with different amplitudes and frequencies. The standard XWT applied to this example produces a biased result, whereas the correct result is obtained with the use of the proposed normalization. This analysis was then applied to a real geophysical situation with important implications to climate modulation on the northwestern Brazilian coast. The linkage between the relative humidity and the shortwave radiation measurements, obtained from the 8°S, 30°W Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System (ATLAS) buoy of the Southwestern Extension of the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA-SWE), was explored. The analysis revealed the importance of including the correction in order to not overlook any possible connections. The requirements of incorporating this correction in the XWT calculations are emphasized.