bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Single Genetic Damage in Carbohydrate‐Recognizing Proteins in Mouse Serum N‐Glycan Profile Revealed by Simple Glycotyping Analysis
Authors: Amano Maho , Hashimoto Ryo , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGene knock‐out of C‐type lectin receptors expressed in dendritic cells induced significant alteration of serum N‐glycans compared with that of gender‐matched controls. Glycotyping analysis suggested that putative‐core fucosylation is strongly influenced by differences in the dominant mechanisms after carbohydrate recognition by pattern‐recognition receptors, endocytosis of ligands, or induction of cytokines/chemokines. However, the loss of galectin‐9, a ligand for T‐helper type 1‐specific cell‐surface molecule, did not affect most N‐glycan profiles. Interestingly, lack of the Chst3 gene (chondroitin 6‐sulfotransferase) appeared to influence markedly the expression of most N‐glycans, especially highly modified glycoforms bearing multiple Neu5Gc, Fuc, and LacNAc units. In contrast, genetic mutations in B4galnt1 and B4galnt2 (GalNAc transferase, responsible for the synthesis of many gangliosides) induced no discernable alteration. These results indicate that the biosynthesis of N‐glycans of serum glycoproteins can be affected not only by direct genetic mutations in the glycosyltransferases but also by changes in metabolite availability in sugar nucleotide synthesis and Golgi N‐glycosylation pathways caused concertedly in whole cells, tissues, and organs by milder deficiencies in immune cell‐surface lectins. Many common chronic conditions, such as autoimmunity, metabolic syndrome, and aging/dementia result.
Numerical Simulation of Flow and Particle Collision in a Rotating‐Drum Bioreactor
Authors: Jin J. , Shi S.‐Y. , Liu G.‐L. , Zhang Q.‐H. , Cong W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFluid flow and particle collision intensity in a rotating‐drum bioreactor are investigated by numerical simulation and a conventional stirred‐tank bioreactor is selected for comparison. Fluid flow is simulated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package FLUENT® whereas particle collision intensity is approached numerically through a hard‐sphere model. The dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy and the maximum particle collision intensity in the rotating‐drum bioreactor are about one order of magnitude smaller than those in the stirred‐tank bioreactor. The rotating‐drum bioreactor is likely to have a less severe impact on bioleaching microorganisms, and thus is expected to have great potential in the field of bioleaching processes.
Two‐Dimensional Model for Oxidative Coupling of Methane in a Packed‐Bed Membrane Reactor
Authors: Holst N. , Jašo S. , Godini H. R. , Glöser S. , Arellano‐Garcia H. , Wozny G. , Steinbach J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA two‐dimensional (2D) model of a packed‐bed membrane reactor was developed to describe ethylene production by oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). The model covers all relevant energy and mass transport processes in the reactor and allows a more precise prediction of the temperature and conversion patterns. It is demonstrated that the fast OCM reaction leads to oxygen depletion in the vicinity of the membrane, causing strong radial concentration gradients in the bed. Further results indicate that the detailed 2D model can provide more accurate predictions of experimental data than the simplified one.
Functions of Hydrotropes in Solutions
Authors: Subbarao C. V. , Chakravarthy I. P. K. , Sai Bharadwaj A. V. S. L. , Prasad K. M. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHydrotropes affect a several‐fold increase of the solubility of sparingly soluble solutes under normal conditions. Their water‐solubility can significantly enhance the solubility of organic solutes such as esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, and fats. While the study of hydrotropes is pioneered by a biochemist, greater appreciation of their role and applicability has happened rather in chemistry and chemical engineering than in biology. Hydrotropes are widely used in drug solubilization, as extraction agents for fragrances, as agents to increase the rate of heterogeneous reactions, and for separation of close‐boiling liquid mixtures through extractive distillation and liquid‐liquid extraction. Applications of hydrotropy and its mechanism are discussed and the scope for future work is presented in this review.
Urea as a New and Cheap Nitrogen Source for the Synthesis of Metal Nitride Clusterfullerenes: The Role of Decomposed Products on the Selectivity of Fullerenes
Authors: Jiao Mingzhi , Zhang Wenfeng , Xu Ying , Wei Tao , Chen Chuanbao , Liu Fupin , Yang Shangfeng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBy using urea as the new nitrogen source, for the first time, Sc‐based metal nitride clusterfullerenes (NCFs), Sc3N@C2n (2n=80, 78, 70, 68), have been synthesized successfully. The optimum molar ratio of Sc2O3/CO(NH2)2/C for the synthesis of Sc NCFs is 1:3:15. The yield of Sc3N@C80 (Ih+D5h) per gram of Sc2O3, using CO(NH2)2 as the new nitrogen source, was quantitatively compared to those obtained when using the reported nitrogen sources, including N2, NH3, and guanidinium thiocyanate. We find that there is a clear difference on the selectivity of Sc‐based NCFs within the extract mixture obtained from one rod and accumulative two rods. According to discharging experiments and XRD analysis, we conclude that NH3 generated in situ from the decomposition of CO(NH2)2 is mainly responsible for the formation of Sc‐based NCFs when using only one rod, whereas in the second rod CO(NH2)2 would decompose into melamine during discharging of the first rod. Thus, the selectivity of fullerenes is clearly dependent on the decomposed product of CO(NH2)2. Finally the difference in the decomposition behavior of CO(NH2)2 and melamine was studied in detail and a possible decomposition process of CO(NH2)2 during discharging was proposed. Accordingly, the difference in the selectivity and yield of Sc NCFs for CO(NH2)2 and melamine was interpreted.
Development of a validated capillary electrophoresis method for enantiomeric purity control and quality control of levocetirizine in a pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Deng Xiaolan , De Cock Bart , Vervoort Ruud , Pamperin Dirk , Adams Erwin , Van Schepdael Ann 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA chiral capillary electrophoresis method has been developed for the quantification of 0.1% of the enantiomeric impurity (dextrocetirizine) in levocetirizine and determination of both in pharmaceuticals using sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrins (CDs) as chiral selector. Several parameters affecting the separation were studied such as the type and concentration of chiral selectors, buffer composition and pH, organic modifier, mixtures of two CDs in a dual system, voltage, and temperature. The optimal separation conditions were obtained using a 50 mM tetraborate buffer (pH 8.2) containing 1% (w/v) sulfated‐β‐CDs on a fused‐silica capillary. Under these conditions, the resolution of two enantiomers was higher than 3. To validate the method, the stability of the solutions, robustness (two level half fraction factorial design for 5 factors using 19 experiments [2n−1+3]), precision, linearity (dextrocetirizine 0.25–2.5 μg/ml, R2 = 0.9994, y = 0.0375x + 0.0008; levocetirizine 15–100 μg/ml, R2 = 0.9996, y = 0.0213x + 0.0339), limit of detection (0.075 μg/ml, 0.03% m/m), limit of quantification (0.25 μg/ml, 0.1% m/m), accuracy (dextrocetirizine 84–109%, levocetirizine 97.3–103.1%), filter effect, and different CD batches were examined. The validated method was further applied to bulk drug and tablets of levocetirizine. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computer simulation of the polydispersive sol coagulation process
Authors: Smoczynski Lech , Wardzynska Regina , Pierozynski Bogulsaw 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis work reports on a computer‐simulated investigation of the coagulation rate for a system comprising spherical sol and coagulant particles. The discussed experiment positively verified the functioning of the simulated coagulation system, where the aggregation process proceeds in line with the particle‐cluster model as a rapid and perikinetic coagulation process that satisfies the Smoluchowski equation. The rate of the simulated coagulation process satisfies kinetic equations for both first‐order and second‐order reactions. Selected concepts and models of the coagulation theory have been also verified. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
The use of FTA cards for preserving unfixed cytological material for high‐throughput molecular analysis
Authors: Saieg Mauro Ajaj , Geddie William R. , Boerner Scott L. , Liu Ni , Tsao Ming , Zhang Tong , Kamel‐Reid Suzanne , da Cunha Santos Gilda 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Novel high‐throughput molecular technologies have made the collection and storage of cells and small tissue specimens a critical issue. The FTA card provides an alternative to cryopreservation for biobanking fresh unfixed cells. The current study compared the quality and integrity of the DNA obtained from 2 types of FTA cards (Classic and Elute) using 2 different extraction protocols (“Classic” and “Elute”) and assessed the feasibility of performing multiplex mutational screening using fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy samples.METHODS:Residual material from 42 FNA biopsies was collected in the cards (21 Classic and 21 Elute cards). DNA was extracted using the Classic protocol for Classic cards and both protocols for Elute cards. Polymerase chain reaction for p53 (1.5 kilobase) and CARD11 (500 base pair) was performed to assess DNA integrity.RESULTS:Successful p53 amplification was achieved in 95.2% of the samples from the Classic cards and in 80.9% of the samples from the Elute cards using the Classic protocol and 28.5% using the Elute protocol (P = .001). All samples (both cards) could be amplified for CARD11. There was no significant difference in the DNA concentration or 260/280 purity ratio when the 2 types of cards were compared. Five samples were also successfully analyzed by multiplex MassARRAY spectrometry, with a mutation in KRAS found in 1 case.CONCLUSIONS:High molecular weight DNA was extracted from the cards in sufficient amounts and quality to perform high‐throughput multiplex mutation assays. The results of the current study also suggest that FTA Classic cards preserve better DNA integrity for molecular applications compared with the FTA Elute cards. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Effect of Surface Hydrophobicity on the Formation and Stability of Oxygen Nanobubbles
Authors: Pan Gang , Yang Bo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe formation mechanism of a nanoscale gas state is studied on inorganic clay surfaces modified with hexamethyldisilazane, which show different contact angles in ethanol–water solutions. As the dissolved oxygen becomes oversaturated due to the decrease in ethanol–water ratio, oxygen nanoscale gas state are formed and stabilized on the hydrophobic surfaces so that the total oxygen content in the suspension is increased compared to the control solution without the particles. However, the total oxygen content in the suspension with hydrophilic surfaces is lower than the control solution without the particles because the hydrophilic particle surfaces destabilize the nanobubbles on the surfaces by spreading and coagulating them into microbubbles that quickly escape from the suspension solution. No significant correlation was observed between the nanobubble formation and the shape or roughness of the surfaces. Our results suggest that a nanoscale gas state can be formed on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic particle surfaces, but that the stability of the surface nanoscale gas state can vary greatly depending on the hydrophobicity of the solid surfaces.
Can Aromaticity Coexist with Diradical Character? An Ab Initio Valence Bond Study of S2N2 and Related 6π‐Electron Four‐Membered Rings E2N2 and E42+ (E=S, Se, Te)
Authors: Braïda Benoît , Lo Aurélien , Hiberty Philippe C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA series of 6π‐electron 4‐center species, E2N2 and E42+ (E=S, Se, Te) is studied by means of ab initio valence bond methods with the aims of settling some controversies on 1) the diradical character of these molecules and 2) the radical sites, E or N, of the preferred diradical structure. It was found that for all molecules, the cumulated weights of the two possible diradical structures are always important and close to 50 %, making these molecules comparable to ozone in terms of diradical character. While the two diradical structures are degenerate in the E42+ dications, they have on the contrary strongly unequal weights in the E2N2 neutral molecules. In these three molecules, the electronic structure is dominated by one diradical structure, in which the radical sites are the two nitrogen atoms, while the other diradical structure is much less important. The ordering of the various VB structures in terms of their calculated weights is confirmed by the relative energies of individual VB structures. In all cases, the major diradical structure (or both diradical structures when they are degenerate) is (are) the lowest one(s), while the covalent VB structures lie higher in energy. The vertical resonance energies are considerable in S2N2 and S42+, about 80 % of the estimated value for benzene, and diminish as one goes down the periodic table (S→Se→Te). This confirms the aromatic character of these species, as already demonstrated for S2N2 on the basis of magnetic criteria. This and the high weights and stabilities of one or both diradical structures in all systems indicates that aromaticity and diradical character do not exclude each other, contrary to what is usually claimed. Furthermore, it is shown that the diradical structures find their place in a collective electron flow responsible for the ring currents in the π system of these species.
Growth of AlN single crystals on 6H‐SiC (0001) substrates with AlN MOCVD buffer layer
Authors: Zuo Sibin , Wang Jun , Chen Xiaolong , Jin Shifeng , Jiang Liangbao , Bao Huiqiang , Guo Liwei , Sun Wei , Wang Wenjun 
Published: January 2012

Abstract6H‐SiC (0001) deposited 300 nm thick AlN film by MOCVD was used as the substrate to grow AlN crystals by the physical vapour transport (PVT) method. It was confirmed that c‐axis oriented AlN films were grown and this material had a 3D growth mode. The root mean square (RMS) value for the film was measured to be 2.17 nm. Nucleation and further growth of AlN on so prepared substrate was investigated. Colorless and transparent AlN crystal with 1 mm thick and 40 mm in diameter was obtained after 4 h growth on this substrate. The transparent AlN showed strong (0001) texture XRD patterns, only the (0002) reflection was observed in symmetric θ‐2θ scans. The full width at half maximum for a (0002) X‐ray rocking curve was less than 0.1° indicating good crystalline quality. Anisotropic etchings in molten KOH shows that the growth (0001) plane exposed to the AlN source predominately has an aluminum polarity, no N‐polar inversion domains were observed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of solvent volume on the physical properties of sprayed fluorine‐doped zinc oxide thin films
Authors: Muruganantham G. , Ravichandran K. , Saravanakumar K. , Swaminathan K. , Begum N. Jabena , Sakthivel B. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFluorine‐doped zinc oxide (FZO) films were deposited from aged starting solutions having different solvent volumes (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ml) using a simplified spray pyrolysis technique. The electrical studies showed that the resistivity is minimum (4.68 × 10–2 Ω cm) for lowest solvent volume (10 ml) and the value progressively increased with the increase in the solvent volume indicating that the fluorine incorporation increases with solvent volume. The systematic study clearly showed that the spray flux rate plays a crucial role in determining the electrical, optical, surface and structural properties of the FZO films. The optical transparency is found to be gradually increased (from 85 to 95%) as the volume of the solvent increases. The scanning electron microscope images depicted that the decrease in the spray flux rate caused an enhancement in the grain size. The X‐ray diffraction profile clearly showed that all the films have preferential orientation along the (002) plane with hexagonal wurtzite structure. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties and synthesis of CuInSe2 thin films by selenization of Cu/In layers
Authors: Shi Jen‐Bin , Chen Yu‐Cheng , Chen Chih‐Jung , Wu Po‐Feng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we report the effect of annealing temperature on the properties of copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) thin films. The CuInSe2 thin films were fabricated at 500 °C for 2 h by annealing Cu‐In layers (as precursors) selenized in a glass tube with pure selenium powder. The structural and morphological properties of the CuInSe2 thin films were characterized respectively by means of x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM). The type of CuInSe2 thin film has been identified as direct allowed and the band gap value was determined. The study of UV/Visible/NIR absorption shows that the band gap value of CuInSe2 thin film is about 1.07 eV, which is within an optimal range for harvesting solar radiation energy. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystallographic, optical and magnetic properties of Co‐doped ZnO thin films synthesized by sol gel route
Authors: Xian F. L. , Xu L. H. , Wang X. X. , Li X. Y. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractZnO thin films with various Co doping levels (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 8%, respectively) have been synthesized by sol gel spin coating method on glass substrates. XRD and XPS studies of the films reveal that cobalt ions are successfully doped into ZnO crystal lattice without changing the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The morphologies are studied by SEM and AFM and show wrinkle network structures with uniform size distribution. With Co doping concentration increasing, the wrinkle network width decreases gradually. The transmittance spectra indicate that Co doping can effectively reduce the optical bandgap of ZnO thin films. Photoluminescence show that all samples have ultraviolet, violet and green emission. When Co doping concentration increases up to 5%, the intensity of violet emission is greatly increased and a strong deep blue emission centered at 439 nm appears. The ferromagnetism of all samples was observed at room temperature. The emission mechanisms and ferromagnetism origination are discussed in detail. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Induction of canonical Wnt signaling by alsterpaullone is sufficient for oral tissue fate during regeneration and embryogenesis in Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Trevino Michael , Stefanik Derek J. , Rodriguez Richard , Harmon Shane , Burton Patrick M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNematostella 3 heads: Induction of canonical Wnt signaling causes regenerating Nematostella to form ectopic oral poles at sites of injury. From Trevino et al., Developmental Dynamics 240:2673–2679, 2011.
Examining the Lack of Legal Remedies for Environmental Damage in the 2006 Lebanon–Israel War
Authors: Takshe Aseel A. , Van der Molen Irna , Lovett Jon C. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe principle of ‘polluter pays’ is fundamental to environmental law. However, the principle becomes problematic in the case of environmental damage caused during conflict. The international community acknowledges that reparation should be forthcoming, but it is not clear in every case how compensation should be funded. Compensation related to environmental damage caused by military intervention has been settled by either diplomacy or political means. In the summer of 2006 Israel entered into a conflict with Lebanon that had substantial environmental impacts, including a major oil spill on the Lebanese coast and forest fires in Israel. The situation is complex because, although the Israeli attacks were sanctioned by the Israeli state, the Hezbollah actions were carried out independently of the Lebanese government. We analyze the different settlement schemes available and their applicability in such a case. The analysis is framed by the three main methods of international dispute settlement between conflicting parties. The paper concludes that the only way to claim compensation would be through unilateral recourse to the United Nations Security Council. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Di‐, Tetra‐, Penta‐ and Polynuclear Zinc Complexes Supported by a Flexible Tetradentate Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Wilson David J. D. , Beavers Christine M. , Richards Anne F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWhen treated with Et2Zn, the tetradentate Schiff base N,N′‐ethylenebis(4‐iminopentan‐2‐one) (H2L) led to the formation of dimers, [L2Zn2], a tetranuclear complex, [L4Zn4] (1) and a polymeric material [LZn(Et)]n (2), thus highlighting the coordinative versatility of the ligand. Halogenation of 1 with SO2Cl2 or Br2 afforded in moderate yield the dinuclear zinc complexes [LZn(thf)·ZnCl2] (3) and [LZn(thf)·ZnBr2] (4). [LZn·ZnI(μ‐OEt)]2 (5) was isolated from the reaction of an in situ generated mixture of 1 and 2 with iodine. This product likely results from adventitious oxygen in the reaction mixture. This was seemingly confirmed by the diffusion of air into a solution of 2 in toluene, thereby resulting in a pentanuclear zinc complex, [(LZn·ZnEt)2{Zn(μ‐OEt)4}] (6). Complex 6 features a central Zn(OEt)4 unit, in which the ethoxide groups bridge two dinuclear fragments. The identities of complexes 1–6 were conclusively identified by X‐ray crystallography, thereby revealing similar structural features that were confirmed by spectroscopic data and, for 1–5, supported by DFT calculations.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Unusual Four‐Membered Metallacycles from Reactions of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes with the Sulfurdiimide Me3SiN=S=NSiMe3 (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 4/2012)
Authors: Kaleta Katharina , Ruhmann Martin , Theilmann Oliver , Roy Subhendu , Beweries Torsten , Arndt Perdita , Villinger Alexander , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. , Schulz Axel , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe cover picture shows the skyline of Rostock at night with a titanocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complex as well as the unusual metallacyclic complex [Cp2Ti(η2‐Me3SiN=S=NSiMe3)], which can readily be obtained from the former complex by reaction with the sulfurdiimide Me3SiN=S=NSiMe3, rising brightly into the sky. The synthesis and a detailed theoretical study of the structure and bonding of this exotic organometallic compound are described in the article by E. D. Jemmis, A. Schulz, U. Rosenthal et al. on p. 611 ff. magnified image
Social identity and personality processes: Non‐Aboriginal Australian identity and Neuroticism
Authors: Reynolds Katherine J. , Bizumic Boris , Subasic Emina , Turner John C. , Branscombe Nyla , Mavor Kenneth I. , Batalha Luisa 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThere are ongoing debates both in personality psychology and social psychology on the causes and consequences of personality stability and change. Recent work on social roles suggests that as people change roles (e.g. employee to manager), different experiences and demands are internalised into one's self‐concept shaping identity and personality. In this paper, the emphasis moves beyond ‘roles’ to other group memberships (e.g. ethnicity) in shaping one's self‐view and self‐rated personality (e.g. Neuroticism). The results of two experiments demonstrated that the salience of a particular group membership (as a Non‐Aboriginal Australian) did significantly impact on Neuroticism. Such findings suggest that social identity processes may offer a hitherto neglected avenue for helping to explain personality (dis)continuity. Implications of these findings for both fields are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.