Design of Interoperable Electronic Health Record (EHR) Application for Early Detection of Lung Diseases Using a Decision Support System by Expanding Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: G Jagadamba , R Shashidhar , Ravi Vinayakumar , Mallu Sahana , Alahmadi Tahani Jaser 
Published: June 2024

Background
Electronic health records (EHRs) are live, digital patient records that provide a thorough overview of a person's complete health data. Electronic health records (EHRs) provide better healthcare decisions and evidence-based patient treatment and track patients' clinical development. The EHR offers a new range of opportunities for analyzing and contrasting exam findings and other data, creating a proper information management mechanism to boost effectiveness, quick resolutions, and identifications.

Aim
The aim of this studywas to implement an interoperable EHR system to improve the quality of care through the decision support system for the identification of lung cancer in its early stages.

Objective
The main objective of the proposed system was to develop an Android application for maintaining an EHR system and decision support system using deep learning for the early detection of diseases. The second objective was to study the early stages of lung disease to predict/detect it using a decision support system.

Methods
To extract the EHR data of patients, an android application was developed. The android application helped in accumulating the data of each patient. The accumulated data were used to create a decision support system for the early prediction of lung cancer. To train, test, and validate the prediction of lung cancer, a few samples from the ready dataset and a few data from patients were collected. The valid data collection from patients included an age range of 40 to 70, and both male and female patients. In the process of experimentation, a total of 316 images were considered. The testing was done by considering the data set into 80:20 partitions. For the evaluation purpose, a manual classification was done for 3 different diseases, such as large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma diseases in lung cancer detection.

Results
The first model was tested for interoperability constraints of EHR with data collection and updations. When it comes to the disease detection system, lung cancer was predicted for large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma type by considering 80:20 training and testing ratios. Among the considered 336 images, the prediction of large cell carcinoma was less compared to adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The analysis also showed that large cell carcinoma occurred majorly in males due to smoking and was found as breast cancer in females.

Conclusion
As the challenges are increasing daily in healthcare industries, a secure, interoperable EHR could help patients and doctors access patient data efficiently and effectively using an Android application. Therefore, a decision support system using a deep learning model was attempted and successfully used for disease detection. Early disease detection for lung cancer was evaluated, and the model achieved an accuracy of 93%. In future work, the integration of EHR data can be performed to detect various diseases early.