bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Load monitoring in fibre composites utilising the microstructural transformation of sensor wires
Authors: Wielage B. , Mäder Th. , Nestler D. , Schurig Th. , Michaelis B. , Sievers S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDas hier vorgestellte Vorhaben hat die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Sensor‐ und Messtechnikkonzepts zur Erfassung der Maximalwerte mechanischer Belastungen von Bauteilen bestehend aus Kohlenstofffaserverbundwerkstoffen mit polymerer Matrix (CFK) zum Ziel. Die Anwendbarkeit der spontanen Magnetisierung durch die martensitische Gefügeumwandlung metastabiler Stähle als möglicher Sensoreffekt wurde untersucht. Als ein einfaches passives Sensorverfahren hat die Ausbildung einer spontanen Magnetisierung durch die Gefügeumwandlung ein denkbares Anwendungspotenzial. Um die Eignung des Effekts zu überprüfen, erfolgten verschiedene Untersuchungen. Die Ergebnisse von Zugversuchen, durchgeführt an eingebetteten und nicht eingebetteten Sensorproben, und die Messwerte magnetischer Messungen der Sensormagnetisierung wurden zur Ermittlung einer Abhängigkeit zwischen dem Grad der Belastung und der Änderung der Magnetisierung infolge der martensitischen Transformation korreliert. Mittels materialografischer Untersuchungen sowie durch Röntgenbeugung erfolgte zudem der Vergleich zwischen dem Martensitgehalt und den Messergebnissen zur spontanen Magnetisierung.The development of a novel sensor and measurement technique for mechanical load monitoring in fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites is the goal of the herein presented project. The spontaneous magnetisation due to the deformation induced martensitic transformation of metastable steel is used as a sensor signal. Investigations were carried out to characterise this effect, its strength in dependence of the mechanical loads and all important, associated side effects. Results of tensile tests of embedded and plain sensors and data of magnetic measurements of the magnetisation were used to determine the direct relation between the applied mechanical loads and the spontaneous magnetisation. Materialographic techniques, magnetic force microscopy as well as diffraction experiments were done to investigate the amount of martensite developed in deformation.
The influence of substrate material on structure and properties of anodic oxide coatings from oxalic acid
Authors: Wielage B. , Lampke T. , Alisch G. , Meyer D. , Dietrich D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDie Anodisation ist eines der wichtigsten und am häufigsten eingesetzten Verfahren, um den Verschleiß‐ und Korrosionswiderstand aluminiumbasierter Bauteile zu steigern sowie diese dekorativ zu gestalten. In diesem Artikel werden Unterschiede zwischen anodischen Oxidschichten, basierend auf unterschiedlichen Grundwerkstoffen, hinsichtlich Morphologie und ausgewählter Schichteigenschaften untersucht. Besonderheiten von Ausscheidungen im Grundmaterial und deren Einfluss auf den Schichtaufbau werden herausgestellt. Die Ausbildung und Modifizierung der typischen Porenstruktur wird in Abhängigkeit verschiedener Anodisierparameter charakterisiert und die Auswirkung auf Durchschlagspannung und Härte diskutiert. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Werkstoffaufbau und Eigenschaften werden festgestellt und betonen den Einfluss des Grundmaterials bei der Anodisation.Anodising is one of the most important and most often used methods for increasing the wear and corrosion resistance of aluminium‐based components as well as for their decorative modification. In this article, oxide coatings produced on different substrate materials are examined regarding their morphology and selected coating properties. The characteristics of precipitations in the substrate material and their influence on the structure of the oxide coatings are exposed. The formation and modification of the typical pore structure is discussed in dependence on anodising parameters and the effects on breakdown voltage and hardness are shown. The differences in the materials structure and properties are determined and underline the role of the substrate composition during anodising.
Metformin suppresses azoxymethane‐induced colorectal aberrant crypt foci by activating AMP‐activated protein kinase
Authors: Hosono Kunihiro , Endo Hiroki , Takahashi Hirokazu , Sugiyama Michiko , Uchiyama Takashi , Suzuki Kaori , Nozaki Yuichi , Yoneda Kyoko , Fujita Koji , Yoneda Masato , Inamori Masahiko , Tomatsu Akiko , Chihara Takeshi , Shimpo Kan , Nakagama Hitoshi , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMetformin is widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to be activated by metformin and to inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The mTOR pathway plays an important role in the protein translational machinery and cell proliferation. We examined the effect of metformin on the suppression of colorectal carcinogenesis in chemical carcinogen‐induced models. Seven‐wk‐old BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg) and then treated with or without metformin (250 mg/kg/d) for 6 wk (for the investigation of aberrant crypt foci [ACF] formation) or 32 wk (for polyp formation). We next investigated colonic epithelial proliferation using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling indices. Furthermore, to examine the indirect effect of metformin, the insulin resistance status and the serum lipid levels were assessed. Treatment with metformin significantly reduced ACF formation. The effect of metformin on colon polyp inhibition was relatively modest. No significant difference in body weight or glucose concentration was observed. The BrdU and PCNA indices decreased in mice treated with metformin. A Western blot analysis revealed that the phosphorylated mTOR, S6 kinase, and S6 protein levels in the colonic mucosa decreased significantly in mice treated with metformin. In conclusion, metformin suppresses colonic epithelial proliferation via the inhibition of the mTOR pathway through the activation of AMPK. As metformin is already used daily as an antidiabetic drug, it might be a safe and promising candidate for the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased ventral striatal activity with impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rao Hengyi , Mamikonyan Eugenia , Detre John A. , Siderowf Andrew D. , Stern Matthew B. , Potenza Marc N. , Weintraub Daniel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA range of impulse control disorders (ICDs) are reported to occur in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, alterations in brain activity at rest and during risk taking occurring with ICDs in PD are not well understood. We used both arterial spin labeling perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to directly quantify resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fMRI to measure neural responses to risk taking during performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Eighteen PD patients, either with a diagnosis of one or more ICDs (N = 9) or no lifetime ICD history (N = 9), participated. BOLD fMRI data demonstrated that PD patients without an ICD activate the mesocorticolimbic pathway during risk taking. Compared with non‐ICD patients, ICD patients demonstrated significantly diminished BOLD activity in the right ventral striatum during risk taking and significantly reduced resting CBF in the right ventral striatum. ICDs in PD are associated with reduced right ventral striatal activity at rest and diminished striatal activation during risk taking, suggesting that a common neural mechanism may underlie ICDs in individuals with PD and those without PD. Thus, treatments for ICDs in non‐PD patients warrant consideration in PD patients with ICDs. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term disability and prognosis in dentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy: A correlation with CAG repeat length
Authors: Hasegawa Arika , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Koike Ryoko , Matsubara Nae , Tsuchiya Miyuki , Nozaki Hiroaki , Homma Atsushi , Idezuka Jiro , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Onodera Osamu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeat expansion. Previous studies demonstrated that the onset of DRPLA is closely associated with CAG repeat length. However, the natural history of DRPLA has not yet been evaluated. We here retrospectively investigated the factors that determine the disease milestones and prognosis in 183 Japanese patients genetically diagnosed with DRPLA. We determined the age at onset, age at which each of the subsequent clinical manifestations appeared, age at becoming wheelchair‐bound, and age at death. Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that the patients with CAG repeats larger than the median length of 65 repeats developed each of the clinical features of DRPLA at a younger age than those with <65 repeats. The patients became wheelchair‐bound at a median age of 33 years (n = 61; range, 3–77 years) and died at a median age of 49 years (n = 23; range, 18–80 years). The ages at becoming wheelchair‐bound and at death strongly correlated with the expanded CAG repeat length. Moreover, the patients with ≥65 CAG repeats showed a more severe long‐term disability and a poorer prognosis. In contrast, the rate of progression after the onset did not correlate with CAG repeat length. The CAG repeat length may have a considerable effect on not only the disease onset but also the disease milestones and prognosis in DRPLA patients. These effects of CAG repeat length may be relevant in designing future clinical therapeutic trials. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Brain Interstitial Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Levels are Elevated in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Marti Matteo , Sarubbo Silvio , Latini Francesco , Cavallo Michele , Eleopra Roberto , Biguzzi Sara , Lettieri Christian , Conti Carlo , Simonato Michele , Zucchini Silvia , Quatrale Rocco , Sensi Mariachiara , Candeletti Sanzio , Romualdi Patrizia , Morari Michele 
Published: June 2010

AbstractExpression and release of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) are elevated in the substantia nigra reticulata of 6‐hydroxydopamine‐hemilesioned rats, suggesting a pathogenic role for N/OFQ in Parkinson's disease. In this study, we investigated whether elevation of N/OFQ expression in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐hemilesioned rats selectively occurs in substantia nigra and whether hypomotility following acute haloperidol administration is accompanied by a rise in nigral N/OFQ levels. Moreover, to prove a link between N/OFQ and idiopathic Parkinson's disease in humans, we measured N/OFQ levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonian patients undergoing surgery for deep brain stimulation. In situ hybridization demonstrated that dopamine depletion was associated with increase of N/OFQ expression in substantia nigra (compacta +160%, reticulata +105%) and subthalamic nucleus (+45%), as well as reduction in caudate putamen (−20%). No change was observed in globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, and motor cortex. Microdialysis coupled to the bar test allowed to demonstrate that acute administration of haloperidol (0.8 and 3 mg/kg) increased nigral N/OFQ levels (maximally of +47% and +53%, respectively) in parallel with akinesia. A correlation with preclinical studies was found by analyzing N/OFQ levels in humans. Indeed, N/OFQ levels were found to be ∼3.5‐fold elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonian patients (148 fmol/ml) compared with nonparkinsonian neurologic controls (41 fmol/ml). These data represent the first clinical evidence linking N/OFQ to idiopathic Parkinson's disease in humans. They strengthen the pathogenic role of N/OFQ in the modulation of parkinsonism across species and provide a rationale for developing N/OFQ receptor antagonists as antiparkinsonian drugs. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent study of 35Cl NQR frequency and spin lattice relaxation time in 2,3‐dichloroanisole
Authors: Ramu L. , Ramesh K. P. , Ramananda D. , Chandramani R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe temperature and pressure dependence of 35Cl NQR frequency and spin lattice relaxation time (T1) were investigated in 2,3‐dichloroanisole. Two NQR signals were observed throughout the temperature and pressure range studied. T1 were measured in the temperature range from 77 to 300 K and from atmospheric pressure to 5 kbar. Relaxation was found to be due to the torsional motion of the molecule and also reorientation of motion of the CH3 group. T1 versus temperature data were analyzed on the basis of Woessner and Gutowsky model, and the activation energy for the reorientation of the CH3 group was estimated. The temperature dependence of the average torsional lifetimes of the molecules and the transition probabilities were also obtained.NQR frequency shows a nonlinear behavior with pressure, indicating both dynamic and static effects of pressure. The pressure coefficients were observed to be positive for both the lines. A thermodynamic analysis of the data was carried out to determine the constant volume temperature coefficients of the NQR frequency. The variation of spin lattice time with pressure was very small, showing that the relaxation is mainly due to the torsional motions of the molecules. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR investigation of guest–host complex between chloroform and cryptophane C
Authors: Takacs Z. , Šoltésová M. , Kotsyubynskyy D. , Kowalewski J. , Lang J. , Brotin T. , Dutasta J. P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGuest–host complex between cryptophane C, possessing two non‐equivalent caps, and chloroform is investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The kinetics of the chloroform exchange between the bound and free sites is determined by 1H exchange spectroscopy. Moreover, the preferential orientation of chloroform molecule with respect to the cryptophane C frame is examined by the NOESY and ROESY experiments. The experimental findings are compared to the results of quantum chemical calculations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR signals of new acetamido and aminoflavonoid derivatives
Authors: Casano Gilles , Robin Maxime , Barbier Pascale , Peyrot Vincent , Faure Robert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe complete 1H and 13C NMR assignment of 9 acetamidochalcones, 18 acetamidoflavones, 18 aminoflavones, 9 acetamidoflavonols and 9 aminoflavonols has been performed using one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR techniques including COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corticospinal tract dysfunction and development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis following electrical injury
Authors: Huynh William , Lam Amanda , Vucic Steve , Cheah Benjamin C. , Clouston Paul , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe causal relationship between electrical injury and development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains controversial. We describe the case of a 25‐year‐old man who developed ALS after a severe electrical injury. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated hyperintensities involving the corticospinal tract. Functional testing with transcranial magnetic stimulation established that the motor cortex was relatively inexcitable. In addition, there were features of denervation on electromyography and muscle biopsy that supported concomitant lower motor neuron findings and the diagnosis of ALS. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Increased voluntary drive is associated with changes in common oscillations from 13 to 60 Hz of interference but not rectified electromyography
Authors: Neto Osmar P. , Baweja Harsimran S. , Christou Evangelos A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the capability of interference and rectified electromyography (EMG) to detect changes in the beta (13–30‐HZ) and Piper (30–60‐HZ) bands when voluntary force is increased. Twenty adults exerted a constant force abduction of the index finger at 15% and 50% of maximum. The common oscillations at various frequency bands (0–500 HZ) were estimated from the first dorsal interosseous muscle using cross wavelets of interference and rectified EMG. For the interference EMG signals, normalized power significantly (P < 0.01) increased with force in the beta (9.0 ± 0.9 vs. 15.5 ± 2.1%) and Piper (13.6 ± 0.9 vs. 21 ± 1.7%) bands. For rectified EMG signals, however, the beta and Piper bands remained unchanged (P > 0.4). Although rectified EMG is used in many clinical studies to identify changes in the oscillatory drive to the muscle, our findings suggest that only interference EMG can accurately capture the increase in oscillatory drive from 13 to 60 HZ with voluntary force. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Timeline of cardiac dystrophy in 3–18‐month‐old MDX mice
Authors: Van Erp Christel , Loch David , Laws Nicola , Trebbin Andrea , Hoey Andrew J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe dystrophin‐deficient (mdx) mouse remains the most commonly used model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Mdx mice show a predominantly covert cardiomyopathy, the hallmark of which is fibrosis. We compared mdx and normal mice at six ages (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months) using in vivo assessment of cardiac function, selective collagen staining, and measures of TGF‐β mRNA, Evans blue dye infiltration, macrophage infiltration, and aortic wall thickness. Clear temporal progression was demonstrated, including early fragility of cardiomyocyte membranes, which has an unrelated impact on cardiac function but is associated with macrophage infiltration and fibrosis. Aortic wall thickness is less in older mdx mice. Mdx mice display impaired responses to inotropic challenge from a young age; this is indicative of altered adrenoreceptor function. We draw attention to the paradox of ongoing fibrosis in mdx hearts without a strong molecular signature (in the form of TGF‐β mRNA expression). Muscle Nerve, 2010
Effect of electromyostimulation on apoptosis‐related factors in denervation and reinnervation of rat skeletal muscles
Authors: Lim Jae‐Young , Han Tai Ryoon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractElectromyostimulation (EMS) has been utilized to reduce muscle atrophy, but its effect on denervated muscles is controversial. This study was performed to determine the effect of EMS on intramuscular changes and apoptosis during denervation and reinnervation following nerve damage. Rat sciatic nerves were denervated completely (CD) or partially (PD), and EMS was applied for 2 weeks. The same numbers of cases were followed without EMS. Nerve conduction studies, muscle weights, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay to measure apoptotic changes, and Western blot were done 4, 8, and 12 weeks after injury. TUNEL‐positive nuclei of CD muscles (18.6 ± 5.5%) were more prevalent than those of PD muscles (7.5 ± 3.3%). The EMS group showed greater muscle weight, fewer positive nuclei (4.7 ± 1.9%), and lower BAX and Bcl‐2 expression levels compared with the non‐EMS group at 4 weeks after PD but not after CD. Denervated muscle atrophy delayed by EMS may be linked with enhanced anti‐apoptosis under the control of apoptosis‐related factors. Muscle Nerve, 2010
New strategies of pelvic nerves stimulation for recovery of pelvic visceral functions and locomotion in paraplegics
Authors: Possover Marc , Schurch B , Henle KP 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAimsTo present new strategies of pelvic nerves stimulation to enhance micturition, to control spasticity, and to recover locomotion in paraplegics.MethodsThree consecutive patients—Th5, Th7, and Th10 spinal cord injured—underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal implantation of octipolar electrodes to the sciatic and the pudendal nerves and one double extradural Brindley–Finetech electrode bilaterally to the sacral nerve roots S3 and S4. The two octipolar electrodes were connected to an implanted rechargeable generator, while the double Brindley electrode was connected to an implanted Brindley–Finetech receiver block.ResultsContinuous stimulation of the sciatic and pudendal nerves at a frequency of 20 Hz in all three patients permits complete control of the spasticity of the lower extremities and of reflex incontinence. Bladder emptying is obtained by sacral nerve roots stimulation alone in the first patient, by simple interruption of pudendal stimulation in the second (“pudendal‐deblockade”) and by simultaneous sacral nerve roots stimulation with high‐frequency pudendal nerve blockade in the third patient. Functional electrical stimulation of the femoral nerves enables the Th4 paraplegics lower‐limb cycling and the two further patients standing and alternative locomotion.ConclusionThis short series indicated that laparoscopic implantation of neuroprothesis to the pelvic nerves offers absolutely new strategies based on new combinations of various reported methods to enhance bladder functions and to recover some locomotion in paraplegics. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1433–1438, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of bladder dysfunction in a rat model of dopaminergic brain lesion
Authors: Soler Roberto , Füllhase Claudius , Santos Cesar , Andersson Karl‐Erik 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAimsParkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurological disorders causing lower urinary tract dysfunction. We evaluated the temporal development of bladder dysfunction in rat PD model where urodynamic changes were induced by unilateral injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB).MethodsFemale Sprague–Dawley rats underwent a unilateral stereotaxic injection of 6‐OHDA or vehicle (sham group) into the MFB. Cystometry was performed in conscious animals at 3, 14, and 28 days after the injury. Aged‐matched unlesioned rats were used as healthy controls.ResultsThree days after lesion 6‐OHDA rats showed higher threshold (TP), maximum pressures (MP), and spontaneous activity (SA) compared to healthy controls. Sham animals exhibited higher TP. After 14 days 6‐OHDA rats had also higher micturition frequency, decreased bladder capacity, micturition volume and bladder compliance (Bcom) compared to sham and healthy controls. Sham animals showed lower Bcom and higher MP and SA. After 28 days, 6‐OHDA rats exhibited the same changes as those in 14 days, while sham‐operated animals showed parameters similar to those in healthy controls.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that 6‐OHDA lesion of the MFB causes bladder dysfunction already after 3 days. A pattern of detrusor overactivity was more clearly defined 14 days after the injection and persisted for 28 days. Cystometry may be a useful tool to study the pathophysiology of bladder dysfunction in PD, and urodynamic parameters may possibly be used to evaluate the effects of therapeutic interventions. Neurourol. Urodyn. 30:188–193, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.