bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Teachers Can Learn from the Practice of Artists
Authors: Jarvis Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article considers how primary teachers can learn from the practice of artists in their own teaching of art. Fundamental to artistic practice is the notion of practising with various materials and tools. In the article I look at some children's images, as well as scrutinising some statements made by the painter Francis Bacon. The practices of artists like Bacon and Cy Twombly identify the importance of instinct and spontaneity in the making of art. Both articulate the difference between a painting which enables the maker and viewer to engage more directly with the actual experience, or object being depicted, rather than a painting which is merely illustrative and descriptive. How can such ideas help us to re‐evaluate our own practice as teachers? An examination of the works, practices and statements made by artists can provide significant insights for teachers struggling with the constraints of a curriculum pedagogy based predominantly on outcomes, with little attention being paid to important processes. The National Curriculum in England, with its emphasis upon literacy and numeracy, has led to the visual arts being consigned to the margins of curricular practice, especially at the critical learning phases of primary schooling between the ages of 5 and 11. If teachers can learn from the examples and practices of artists about the importance of processes of exploration, experimentation and playing with visual materials and tools, then the critical loss of learning opportunities in the visual arts at the primary level might be addressed more carefully in future.
Managing Heuristics as a Method of Inquiry in Autobiographical Graphic Design Theses
Authors: Ings Welby 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article draws on case studies undertaken in postgraduate research at AUT University, Auckland. It seeks to address a number of issues related to heuristic inquiries employed by graphic design students who use autobiographical approaches when developing research‐based theses. For this type of thesis, heuristics as a system of inquiry may provide a useful approach because it engages the researcher in a process that affirms imagination, intuition, subjectivity and forms of creative/critical/reflective problem solving. When employed as a framework, heuristics offers a rewarding but challenging system for connecting investigation with the researcher's personal experience. This article provides a discussion of heuristic's applications, limitations and advantages in relation to a number of recent postgraduate theses in graphic design. Through this, it seeks to provide a useful reflection on challenges and opportunities inherent within it as a system of inquiry.
Doctoral Writing in the Visual and Performing Arts: Issues and Debates
Authors: Paltridge Brian , Starfield Sue , Ravelli Louise , Nicholson Sarah 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDrawing from a larger study of doctorates in the visual and performing arts, we examine here the diversity of relations which can exist between the creative and written components of a doctoral thesis in these fields in terms of diversity of naming practices for these relations, institutional variation in guidelines and expectations, and fundamental functional roles for the respective components. By bringing together and highlighting key details in these debates and issues, this article provides a foundation for further studies in this complex area.
Measuring Students' Self‐Efficacy for Communication
Authors: Gaffney Amy L. Housley 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDesign students are asked to regularly communicate their ideas to a diverse audience. Students' abilities may be affected by their perceived self‐efficacy, the perception of abilities to perform a task. Because self‐efficacy is conceived of as context‐specific, it is vital to consider self‐efficacy as it specifically relates to design studios and the communication within that context, rather than to look at generalised self‐efficacy for communication. To that end, this article explains the development and validation of measures of students' perceived self‐efficacy for communicating in both formal (critique) and informal (studio working time) design circumstances. Using data from students at two institutions, the measures were found to be reliable; these results were further supported through their relationship to previously validated measures. The development of these measures and the results from pilot data provide insight into students' perceptions of their communication abilities that may be beneficial to educators seeking to help design students communicate competently.
Does it Matter How Parathyroid Hormone Levels are Suppressed in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism?
Authors: Stubbs Jason R. , Wetmore James B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBecause secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and minimization of associated derangements in mineral metabolism are cardinal therapeutic goals. There is an ongoing debate regarding the proper treatment strategy for PTH suppression in this population. While some practitioners believe that calcitriol analogues should be the primary therapy in this setting, others contend that calcimimetics offer unique treatment benefits. Recent advancements in the understanding of the pathophysiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the secondary effects of these agents may help clarify this debate. Here, we review the classical actions of calcitriol analogues and calcimimetics on mineral metabolism. We also examine the potential nonclassical effects of these therapies on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, proteinuria, vascular calcification, fibroblast growth factor‐23, inflammation, and overall survival.
Nicotine Modulates Alcohol‐Seeking and Relapse by Alcohol‐Preferring (P) Rats in a Time‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Hauser Sheketha R. , Getachew Bruk , Oster Scott M. , Dhaher Ronnie , Ding Zheng‐Ming , Bell Richard L. , McBride William J. , Rodd Zachary A. 
Published: June 2011

Background:  Alcohol is frequently co‐abused with smoking. In humans, nicotine use can increase alcohol craving and consumption. The objectives of the current study were to assess the acute effects of nicotine on alcohol seeking and relapse at 2 different time points.
Methods:  Adult female alcohol‐preferring (P) rats were trained in 2‐lever operant chambers to self‐administer 15% ethanol (EtOH) (v/v) and water on a concurrent fixed‐ratio 5–fixed‐ratio 1 (FR5‐FR1) schedule of reinforcement in daily 1‐hour sessions. Following 10 weeks of daily 1‐hour sessions, rats underwent 7 extinction sessions, followed by 2 weeks in their home cages. Rats were then returned to the operant chambers without EtOH or water being present for 4 sessions (Pavlovian Spontaneous Recovery [PSR]). Rats were then given a week in their home cage before being returned to the operant chambers with access to EtOH and water (relapse). Nicotine (0, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously immediately or 4 hours prior to PSR or relapse testing.
Results:  Injections of nicotine immediately prior to testing reduced (5 to 10 responses PSR; 50 to 60 responses relapse), whereas injections of nicotine 4 hours prior to testing increased (up to 150 responses for PSR; up to 400 responses for relapse with 1.0 mg/kg dose) responses on the EtOH lever during PSR and relapse tests.
Conclusions:  The results of this study demonstrate that acute effects of nicotine on EtOH‐seeking and relapse behaviors may be time dependent, with the immediate effects being a result of nicotine possibly acting as a substitute for EtOH, whereas with a delay of 4 hours, priming effects of nicotine alterations in nicotinic receptors, and/or the effects of nicotine’s metabolites (i.e., cotinine and nornicotine) may enhance the expression of EtOH‐seeking and relapse behaviors.
Electrocardiographic Changes in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: THAKAR SAURABH , CHANDRA PREETI , HOLLANDER GERALD , LICHSTEIN EDGAR 
Published: June 2011

Introduction:
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a unique transient nonischemic cardiomyopathy that mimics acute myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of our study was to evaluate electrocardiographic changes in patients with TC, including the frequency of ST elevation and other abnormalities.
Methods
: Eleven patients were retrospectively identified from echocardiography database. All patients underwent coronary angiography and fulfilled the Mayo criteria for diagnosis of TC during the period November 2005 to September 2010. Standard 12‐lead electrocardiograms recorded daily during the first week of hospitalization, after onset of symptoms were analyzed.
Results:
Eight of 11 patients were found to have ST elevation, of which two patients had ST depression in reciprocal leads. No patient had ST elevation in lead V1, most likely reason being that wall‐motion abnormalities in TC rarely extend to the region faced by lead V1. Pathological Q waves were found in five patients, of which two patients had transient Q waves, suggesting less myocardial damage. All 11 patients had T‐wave inversion; eight of these patients had diffuse symmetric T‐wave inversion, extending beyond the perfusion territory of any single coronary artery. QTc interval prolongation was found in 10 patients. All patients had left ventricular ejection fraction between 25% and 35% on presentation, which could not be predicted by the extent of electrocardiogram (ECG) changes.
Conclusion:
ECG changes in TC are distinctive and differ from those typically seen in acute anterior MI. The ECG abnormalities described may be important clues for the clinician to suspect diagnosis of TC in the right clinical setting. (PACE 2011; 34:1278–1282)
4 Remembering One and All: Early Postclassic Residential Burial in Coastal Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: King Stacie M. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTResidential burial at Río Viejo marked deceased adults as members of particular houses and as witnesses and actors within the world of the living after their physical deaths. The standardization in burial locations, positions, and offerings emphasized the group identity of Río Viejo adults and their shared house histories. The simultaneous commitment to keeping individual bodies separate and intact, however, indicates that this group identity was not achieved through the subjugation of individual identities. Instead, at Río Viejo, the deceased were celebrated as a cohort of ancestors made up of unique individuals, rather than as a single‐minded collective group.
5 Residential Burial and the Metal Age of Thailand
Authors: White Joyce C. , Eyre Chureekamol Onsuwan 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTMortuary programs have great potential to provide insights into ritually‐integrated social systems of house societies. Metal age house societies of prehistoric Thailand, such as the Ban Chiang Cultural Tradition, are argued to have practiced residential burial, with interment of corpses in close physical proximity to spaces occupied by the living in daily life. It is suggested that this mortuary practice contributed to sustaining long‐lived socio‐settlement systems that were characterized by low levels of inter‐community conflict. The mortuary ceramics interred in metal age burials reveal sub‐regional stylistic and technological groupings that appear to imply territorial subdivisions in these apparently acephalous and decentralized societies.
Immune modulation for treatment of allergic disease
Authors: Nguyen Tran‐Hoai T. , Casale Thomas B. 
Published: June 2011

Summary:Immune modulation for treatment of allergic diseases aims to decrease the pathologic immune response rather than to cause a return to an immunologically naive or unresponsive state. Our expanding knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses at the molecular level has led to development of immunomodulators for several allergic diseases, particularly asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis. Although successful immune modulation in mouse models of allergic disease have often failed to translate into significant results in human clinical trials, much has been learned about the pleotropic nature of cytokines and their effector mechanisms and of the varied phenotypes of allergic disease. We examine strategies of immune modulation in allergic diseases that have undergone human clinical trials, all with the common goal of decreasing the T‐helper 2 (Th2) response, but through different mechanisms: blocking critical Th2 cytokines, inhibiting Th2 cytokine synthesis, blocking critical Th2 effector molecules, inhibiting important cells in the Th2 response, and stimulating Th1 responses. Therapies directed against specific effector molecules, such as immunoglobulin E and prostaglandin D2, hold promise in immune modulation of allergic disease, as do targeting the IL‐4/IL‐13 receptor and augmenting Th1/Th2 balance with Toll‐like receptor agonists.
Influence of Mid‐Trimester Amniotic Fluid on Endogenous and Lipopolysaccharide‐Mediated Responses of Mononuclear Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Witkin Steven S. , Chervenak Joseph , Bongiovanni Ann Marie , Herway Catherine , Linhares Iara M. , Skupski Daniel 
Published: June 2011

Citation Witkin SS, Chervenak J, Bongiovanni AM, Herway C, Linhares IM, Skupski D. Influence of mid‐trimester amniotic fluid on endogenous and lipopolysaccharide‐mediated responses of mononuclear lymphoid cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67: 28–33Problem  We evaluated the influence of amniotic fluid (AF) on immune mediator production by mononuclear leukocytes.Method of study  Thirty mid‐gestation AFs were incubated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Supernatants were tested for interleukin (IL) – 6, 10, 12, 23, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1.Results  Endogenous mediator production was minimal or non‐detectable. AF stimulated endogenous MCP‐1, IL‐6 and TNF‐α release. In the presence of LPS, production of MCP‐1 and IL‐10 by PBMCs was enhanced eight‐ to ninefold by AF. Release of IL‐6 and IL‐23 was enhanced less than twofold by the addition of AF while TNF‐α production was unchanged. AF‐stimulated mediator production was similar irrespective of pregnancy outcome.Conclusion  Selective AF stimulation of LPS‐mediated MCP‐1 and IL‐10 release may be a mechanism to promote antibody production and the influx of phagocytic cells to engulf pathogens while downregulating the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: long‐term successful urea treatment
Authors: Chehade Hassib , Rosato Luigi , Girardin Eric , Cachat Francois 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHyponatremia is the main complication of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), sometimes fatal. Treatment strategy depends on the cause and the severity of the hyponatremia. Recent studies have shown the efficacy of urea in treating acute hyponatremia secondary to SIADH, by inducing an osmotic water drive. We describe an infant with chronic hyponatremia secondary to SIADH in which the long‐term oral treatment with urea was successful and well tolerated. The aim of this paper is to highlight the potential benefits of urea treatment in case of chronic hyponatremia secondary to SIADH.Conclusion:  Chronic oral urea treatment in children with SIADH allows an easy and safe water and sodium control and may permit a decrease in fluid restriction in this situation.
London Cholera and The Blind-spot of an Epidemiology Theory
Authors: Lai Aaron 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
It is an August day in the hot summer of 1854. Mrs Lewis of 400 Broad Street is washing her baby's nappy; she empties the water down the drain. Unknown to her, this action will lead to 700 deaths. Her baby has cholera; the drain empties into a cesspit in front of the house; the cesspit is just 3 feet from the public water pump at the corner of the street. Aaron Lai looks at a classic feat of statistical urban epidemiology.
Evaluation of a New Method for Measuring Vascular Access Recirculation
Authors: Yoshida Izumi , Ookawara Susumu , Ando Katsunobu , Uchida Takayuki , Horiguchi Atsushi , Nakajima Itsuro , Komada Takanori , Mori Honami , Tabei Kaoru 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTogether with Nikkiso in Shizuoka, Japan, we developed a new method for measuring the rate of vascular access recirculation by the blood volume monitor. This measurement is performed via a method of dilution that employs a marker produced by rapid ultrafiltration using a dialysis machine. In this paper, we evaluate the reliability and safety of this machine, in vitro and in vivo. The safety of this method was evaluated by investigating hemolysis after rapid ultrafiltration. The measurement of free hemoglobin, potassium and haptoglobin in the circulating blood were performed before and after rapid ultrafiltration. No data was found to indicate hemolysis in vivo, detected by an increase in potassium or a decrease in haptoglobin. Evaluation of reliability in an experimental system was also performed on an in vitro recirculation system at a rate of 0, 10, 25, 50, and 70%. Almost all of the measured rates were within ± 10% of the theoretical rate. We performed 20 hemodialysis experiments with vascular access recirculation applying this monitor and simultaneous urea and creatinine dilution methods, which were the recommended standard measurements for vascular recirculation. In 53 measurements of standard vascular shunts with no postural change, differences of the results between the monitor and both dilution methods were only 4.0% and 3.2%, respectively. Regression analysis showed a significant and positive correlation between them (P < 0.0001). We conclude that this new method for measuring vascular access recirculation is applicable in terms of both accuracy and ease of operation.
Dialysis Patients After Kidney Graft Failure: Slovenian Experience
Authors: Gubenšek Jakob , Arnol Miha , Ponikvar Rafael , Kovač Janko , Premru Vladimir , Kandus Aljoša , Bren Andrej , Buturović‐Ponikvar Jadranka 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIncreased mortality has been reported in patients starting dialysis after kidney graft failure. In this study we analyzed this subgroup of dialysis patients based on the data from the Slovenian Renal Replacement Therapy Registry. Patients starting dialysis after graft failure in the period between 2004 and 2008 were identified from the registry. Demographic, clinical and treatment data, as well as survival were compared to incident dialysis patients, who were on the waiting list or preparing for enrollment. There were 49 patients starting dialysis after 7.9 ± 6.4 years spent with a functioning graft and a total of 13.7 ± 7.4 years on renal replacement therapy. Their mean age was 48.3 ± 11.0 years (vs. 48.2 ± 13.9 years in incident patients, P = 0.96), 53% were male, and all were on hemodialysis. By the end of 2008, 8 (16%) patients had been re‐transplanted (after a median of 27.5 months) and 11 (23%) had died (after a median of 1.4 months of dialysis). The cause of death was infection in five patients, a cardiovascular event in three, malignancy in two, and a cerebrovascular event in one patient. Deceased patients were significantly older, but similar to survivors in other parameters. Unadjusted one‐ and three‐year survival rates after graft failure were both 77%, which was significantly worse than in incident patients (P < 0.001). To conclude, patients after graft failure have increased mortality in the first year after starting dialysis, but patients surviving the first year have good survival thereafter. Studies focusing on the early period after graft failure are necessary to improve outcomes.
Dialysis Patients Refusing Kidney Transplantation: Data From the Slovenian Renal Replacement Therapy Registry
Authors: Buturović‐Ponikvar Jadranka , Gubenšek Jakob , Arnol Miha , Bren Andrej , Kandus Aljoša , Ponikvar Rafael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractKidney transplantation is considered the best renal replacement therapy (RRT) for patients with end‐stage renal disease; nevertheless, some dialysis patients refuse to be transplanted. The aim of our registry‐based, cross‐sectional study was to compare kidney transplant candidates to dialysis patients refusing transplantation. Data were collected from the Slovenian Renal Replacement Therapy Registry database, as of 31 December 2008. Demographic and some RRT data were compared between the groups. There were 1448 dialysis patients, of whom 1343 were treated by hemodialysis and 105 by peritoneal dialysis (PD); 132 (9%) were on the waiting list for transplantation, 208 (14%) were preparing for enrollment (altogether 340 [23%] dialysis patients were kidney transplant candidates); 200 (13.7%) patients were reported to refuse transplantation, all ≤65 years of age; 345 (24%) were not enrolled due to medical contraindications, 482 (33%) due to age, and 82 (6%) due to other or unknown reasons. No significant difference was found in age, gender, or presence of diabetes between kidney transplant candidates vs. patients refusing transplantation (mean age 50.5 ± 13.9 vs. 51.3 ± 9.6 years, males 61% vs. 63%, diabetics 18% vs. 17%). The proportion of patients ≤ 65 years old who were refusing transplantation was 28% (187/661) for hemodialysis and 17% (13/79) for PD patients (P = 0.03). There is a considerable group of dialysis patients in Slovenia refusing kidney transplantation. Compared to the kidney transplant candidates, they are similar in age, gender and prevalence of diabetes. Patients treated by peritoneal dialysis refuse kidney transplantation less often than hemodialysis patients.
Severe Peritonitis in Patients Treated With Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Series Study
Authors: Pajek Jernej , Guček Andrej , Škoberne Andrej , Pintar Tadeja 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSevere peritonitis causing death and/or technique termination (catheter explanted) is one of the most devastating complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of this case series study was to reveal the predictors of risk and clinical characteristics of these cases. We included 38 patients with either peritonitis causing death (18 patients, 47%) or catheter removal (20 patients, 53%) in the period 1996–2006. Their last clinical, laboratory and peritoneal equilibration test data before the peritonitis episode and hospitalization data after the start of peritonitis were reviewed. Their median (range) age was 66 (25–85) years, 61% were male, and the median PD duration was 60 (1–144) months. Baseline C‐reactive protein (17.5 ± 19.1 mg/L) was substantially higher than in contemporary stable controls from our unit (3.5 ± 4.2 mg/L, P = 0.002). For 14 patients (37%), this was their first episode, with a significantly lower mortality of 14% as opposed to 47% across the whole group (P = 0.002). Almost half the patients (42%) had a causative abdominal condition identified, such as diverticulitis or cholecystitis. Clinical and laboratory data at presentation were variable and not different according to survival. Non‐surviving cases had a significantly larger proportion of fast transporters (83 vs. 45%, P = 0.03), a significantly lower estimate of daily protein intake (0.72 vs. 0.88 g/kg/day, P = 0.007), and a significantly higher proportion of non‐Gram‐positive causative microorganisms (72 vs. 40%, P = 0.019). The patients with severe peritonitis were characterized as older with a longer PD duration, and a higher baseline C‐reactive protein. Fast peritoneal transport, lower normalized protein catabolic rate, and non‐Gram‐positive causative bacteria were associated with mortality.