bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetrahedral Embedded Boundary Methods for Accurate and Flexible Adaptive Fluids
Authors: Batty Christopher , Xenos Stefan , Houston Ben 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWhen simulating fluids, tetrahedral methods provide flexibility and ease of adaptivity that Cartesian grids find difficult to match. However, this approach has so far been limited by two conflicting requirements. First, accurate simulation requires quality Delaunay meshes and the use of circumcentric pressures. Second, meshes must align with potentially complex moving surfaces and boundaries, necessitating continuous remeshing. Unfortunately, sacrificing mesh quality in favour of speed yields inaccurate velocities and simulation artifacts. We describe how to eliminate the boundary‐matching constraint by adapting recent embedded boundary techniques to tetrahedra, so that neither air nor solid boundaries need to align with mesh geometry. This enables the use of high quality, arbitrarily graded, non‐conforming Delaunay meshes, which are simpler and faster to generate. Temporal coherence can also be exploited by reusing meshes over adjacent timesteps to further reduce meshing costs. Lastly, our free surface boundary condition eliminates the spurious currents that previous methods exhibited for slow or static scenarios. We provide several examples demonstrating that our efficient tetrahedral embedded boundary method can substantially increase the flexibility and accuracy of adaptive Eulerian fluid simulation.
Improved Variational Guiding of Smoke Animations
Authors: Nielsen Michael B. , Christensen Brian B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSmoke animations are hard to art‐direct because simple changes in parameters such as simulation resolution often lead to unpredictable changes in the final result. Previous work has addressed this problem with a guiding approach which couples low‐resolution simulations – that exhibit the desired flow and behaviour – to the final, high‐resolution simulation. This is done in such a way that the desired low frequency features are to some extent preserved in the high‐resolution simulation. However, the steady (i.e. constant) guiding used often leads to a lack of sufficiently high detail, and employing time‐dependent guiding is expensive because the matrix of the resulting set of equations needs to be recomputed at every iteration. We propose an improved mathematical model for Eulerian‐based simulations which is better suited for dynamic, time‐dependent guiding of smoke animations through a novel variational coupling of the low‐ and high‐resolution simulations. Our model results in a matrix that does not require re‐computation when the guiding changes over time, and hence we can employ time‐dependent guiding more efficiently both in terms of storage and computational requirements. We demonstrate that time‐dependent guiding allows for more high frequency detail to develop without losing correspondence to the low resolution simulation. Furthermore, we explore various artistic effects made possible by time‐dependent guiding.
Motion Blur for EWA Surface Splatting
Authors: Heinzle Simon , Wolf Johanna , Kanamori Yoshihiro , Weyrich Tim , Nishita Tomoyuki , Gross Markus 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a novel framework for elliptical weighted average (EWA) surface splatting with time‐varying scenes. We extend the theoretical basis of the original framework by replacing the 2D surface reconstruction filters by 3D kernels which unify the spatial and temporal component of moving objects. Based on the newly derived mathematical framework we introduce a rendering algorithm that supports the generation of high‐quality motion blur for point‐based objects using a piecewise linear approximation of the motion. The rendering algorithm applies ellipsoids as rendering primitives which are constructed by extending planar EWA surface splats into the temporal dimension along the instantaneous motion vector. Finally, we present an implementation of the proposed rendering algorithm with approximated occlusion handling using advanced features of modern GPUs and show its capability of producing motion‐blurred result images at interactive frame rates.
External Financing Needs, Corporate Governance, and Firm Value
Authors: Chen Wei‐Peng , Chung Huimin , Hsu Tsui‐Ling , Wu Soushan 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTManuscript Type: EmpiricalResearch Question/Issue: We set out in this study to explore the overall impact of external financing needs on corporate governance and firm value, arguing that external financing needs have extremely important impacts on corporate governance, essentially because external financing can prove to be very costly, largely as a result of asymmetric information. Thus, we suggest that improvements in corporate governance of firms with external financing needs could help to reduce costs of outside equity financing.Research Findings/Insights: Our results reveal that it is in fact firm valuation that has an effect on governance practices, as opposed to the reverse, and that external financing needs appear to strengthen the influence of the quality of corporate governance practices on firm value.Theoretical/Academic Implications: The external forces considered in this study are product market competition, investment opportunities, and external financing needs, with particular emphasis being placed upon the impact of external financing needs, since this relates directly to outside shareholders. Given that poor corporate governance practices signal higher asymmetric information costs, and thus, lead to an increase in the costs of raising external capital, it is important to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of external financing needs on firm value and corporate governance.Practitioner/Policy Implications: Our results demonstrate the important implications that corporate governance practices have for those firms with a particularly strong need for external equity, and the fact that external financing needs provide incentives for firms to seek out ways of making improvements to the overall quality of their corporate governance practices.
FAITH IN THE NEOLIBERALISATION OF POST‐KATRINA NEW ORLEANS
Authors: HACKWORTH JASON , AKERS JOSHUA 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThough it has been over four years since Hurricane Katrina ravaged the physical and social geography of the gulf coast in the United States, a great deal of literature still continues to emanate from this event. Much of this literature focuses on how the event embodied a neoliberalised state reaction to the crisis – heavily reliant on charities while actively promoting claims about the government's weakness in the face of such events. Though this literature is useful, it has generally not covered the role of religious charities and their role in the putative neoliberalisation of New Orleans. This paper attempts to explore the role of religious NGOs in the reconstruction of New Orleans. The intent is twofold: first to improve our understanding of this important event; and second to improve our understanding of the complicated role that Faith‐based organisations have played within neoliberal politics and praxis in the United States.
THE SPATIAL‐CULTURAL CONFIGURATION OF SEX WORK IN GOA INDIA
Authors: BAILEY AJAY , HUTTER INGE , HUIGEN PAULUS P.P. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTGeographers have largely ignored the socio‐spatial aspect of sex work in the non‐Western context. Theorisation on place, sex and gender will aid in spatially situating sex work in the domain of geography. We present an empirical study to describe the spatial‐cultural configuration of sex work as constituted by the places where sex is negotiated and transacted and the role of facilitators. The cultural part involves the understanding of combined meanings generated from the place‐making process by sex workers, clients and facilitators. We base this paper on triangulated information from key informants, observations, interviews with clients and media reports. Urban places in Goa where sex work is negotiated and conducted are contested, gendered and veiled. Sex work is not merely about sex workers and their clients; it is much broader and intermeshed with different people playing the role of facilitators. The local place‐specific meanings generated are important to understand spatiality of sex work.
THE LANDSCAPE REPUTATION: TOURISM AND IDENTITY IN THE CARIBBEAN
Authors: NELSON VELVET 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTSince the time of the European explorers who traversed the Caribbean Sea in the fifteenth century, visitors' written descriptions and illustrations of the islands were extraordinarily influential in forming the region's reputation. The principal component of these descriptions and illustrations, and the core of this reputation, was the tropical island landscape and the first impressions formed from onboard a ship as islands were approached from the sea. Because of the highly competitive nature of the tourism industry, this longstanding reputation was maintained. While this strategy has been effective, there has been increasing interest in diversifying the Caribbean tourism product and creating a sense of distinction between destinations. The islands' identities have the potential to form the basis of this distinction, but this has largely been prevented by the ongoing reliance on the externally‐oriented reputation. This paper examines the legacy of the Caribbean's longstanding reputation based on landscape as characterised in modern tourism promotions.
Blunted cardiac reactions to acute psychological stress predict symptoms of depression five years later: Evidence from a large community study
Authors: Phillips Anna C. , Hunt Kate , Der Geoff , Carroll Douglas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe recently reported a cross‐sectional negative relationship between cardiovascular reactivity and depressive symptoms. The present analyses examined the prospective association between reactivity and symptoms of depression 5 years later. At the earlier time point, depressive symptoms, measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and cardiovascular reactions to a standard mental stress were measured in 1,608 adults comprising three distinct age cohorts: 24‐, 44‐, and 63‐year‐olds. Depression was reassessed using the HADS 5 years later. Heart rate reactions to acute psychological stress were negatively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms; the lower the reactivity the higher the depression scores. This association withstood adjustment for symptom scores at the earlier time point and for sociodemographic factors and medication status. The mechanisms underlying this prospective relationship remain to be determined.
Childhood abuse and caesarean section among primiparous women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Lukasse M , Vangen S , Øian P , Schei B 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Lukasse M, Vangen S, Øian P, Schei B. Childhood abuse and caesarean section among primiparous women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. BJOG 2010;117:1153–1157.We examined the association between a history of childhood abuse and caesarean section in the population‐based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Our sample consisted of 26 923 primiparous women with singleton pregnancies at term. Of all women, 18.8% (5060) had experienced any childhood abuse, 14.3% (3856) reported emotional abuse, 5.2% (1413) reported physical abuse and 6.4% (1730) reported sexual abuse. The proportion of caesarean sections before labour was not affected by any childhood abuse. Any childhood abuse was associated with a slightly increased risk of caesarean sections during labour (adjusted odds ratio 1.16; 95% CI 1.03–1.30).
Mechanical calibration and alignment of an aerial photogrammetric film scanner based on a 2D array camera
Authors: Comolli Lorenzo , Sala Remo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMechanical calibration and alignment are fundamental steps in the development of any new aerial photogrammetric scanner. One aim of a film scanner in the digital era is to digitise the accumulated historic archives of images belonging to photogrammetric institutes. The present analysis is centred on a scanner with a translating 2D array camera. Two phases of equal importance can be outlined: the first phase is the alignment of all the mechanical parts inside the scanner, and the second is mechanical calibration, when the systematic effects in the camera positioning are measured and compensated. Among the design requirements of this scanner was to avoid the need for geometrical modification of the scanned images: they should be acquired in the correct position and not require a posteriori correction with a software routine. The proposed solutions lead to a final result of a metrologically satisfactory scanner with a geometric uncertainty of 2 μm or less throughout the frame (250 mm × 250 mm), a value definitely smaller than the pixel size (10 μm/pixel).
The Practical Effect of a Diffraction‐Limited Image for Photogrammetry
Authors: Thomson Grant H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe smallest image patch produced by an optical unit at the focal plane of a camera can be appreciably larger than the size of pixels in the CCD used to record the image. This optical limit on spatial resolution, when taken into consideration together with the sensor’s influence on image quality, should always be a part of any estimation made of the ground sample distance (GSD) attributed to a camera. A list is given of the GSDs obtained by five examples of high‐resolution satellite cameras when full allowance is made for the effect of an optical unit in a camera system.
New insights into Holocene atmospheric circulation dynamics in central Scandinavia inferred from oxygen‐isotope records of lake‐sediment cellulose
Authors: ST. AMOUR NATALIE A. , HAMMARLUND DAN , EDWARDS THOMAS W.D. , WOLFE BRENT B. 
Published: June 2010

St. Amour, N. A., Hammarlund, D., Edwards, T. W. D. & Wolfe, B. B. 2010: New insights into Holocene atmospheric circulation dynamics in central Scandinavia inferred from oxygen‐isotope records of lake‐sediment cellulose. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 770–782. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00169.x. ISSN 0300‐9843Cellulose‐inferred lakewater oxygen‐isotope records have been obtained from two hydrologically open basins (Lake Spåime and Lake Svartkälstjärn), located on a west–east transect across central Sweden, to investigate changes in atmospheric circulation patterns during the Holocene. The Lake Spåime δ18O record is sensitive to changes in the seasonal distribution of precipitation in the Scandes Mountains of west‐central Sweden, and thus generally portrays variations in δ18O of precipitation (δ18OP) that are governed predominantly by the influence of air masses originating from the North Atlantic. In contrast, the Lake Svartkälstjärn δ18O record appears to reflect the varying influence of air masses delivering moisture from the North Atlantic and the Baltic Sea. A comparison of inferred changes in δ18OP over the Holocene between the two sites reveals systematic patterns of variability over widely different time scales. These include: (1) a previously recognized long‐term regional decline in δ18OP, possibly in response to the declining vigour of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation related to decreasing summer solar insolation; (2) newly identified inverse centennial‐ to millennial‐scale δ18OP fluctuations at the two sites that may be linked to changes in modes of atmospheric circulation analogous to those described at interannual to multidecadal time scales by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index; and (3) a prolonged interval of apparent climatic stability in the mid‐Holocene (c. 6300–4200 cal. yr BP) characterized by persistently negative NAO‐like circulation.
Design considerations for a multicenter randomized controlled trial of early surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Engel Jr Jerome , McDermott Michael P. , Wiebe Samuel , Langfitt John T. , Erba Giuseppe , Gardiner Irenita , Stern John , Dewar Sandra , Sperling Michael R. , Jacobs Margaret , Kieburtz Karl ,   for the Early Randomized Surgical Epilepsy Trial (ERSET) Study Group
Published: June 2010

SummaryPurpose:  To describe the trial design for the multicenter Early Randomized Surgical Epilepsy Trial (ERSET). Patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy are generally referred for surgical treatment an average of two decades after onset of seizures, often too late to avoid irreversible disability. ERSET was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of early surgical intervention compared to continued pharmacotherapy.Methods:  ERSET is a randomized controlled, parallel group clinical trial with blinded outcome adjudication. Participants are patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) older than the age of 12 who have had pharmacoresistant seizures for not >2 years and are determined by detailed evaluation to be surgical candidates prior to randomization. The primary outcome measure is seizure freedom in the second year of a 2‐year follow‐up period. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), neurocognitive function, ancillary outcomes, and adverse events were also measured.Results:  Significant methodologic problems addressed by the study design included the following: recruitment of participants early in the course of epilepsy; establishment of operational definitions for “pharmacoresistant” and “early”; and standardization of diagnostic testing, medical treatment, and surgical interventions across multiple centers.Discussion:  Rigorous trial designs to assess surgical interventions in epilepsy are necessary to provide evidence to guide treatment. This article is the first of a series; trial results will be reported in subsequent publications.
An fMRI Study of Number Processing in Children With Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Authors: Meintjes Ernesta M. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Molteno Christopher D. , Gatenby J. Christopher , Warton Christopher , Cannistraci Christopher J. , Hoyme H. Eugene , Robinson Luther K. , Khaole Nathaniel , Gore John C. , Jacobson Sandra W. 
Published: June 2010

Background:  Number processing deficits are frequently seen in children exposed to alcohol in utero.Methods:  Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the neural correlates of number processing in 15 right‐handed, 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or partial FAS (PFAS) and 18 right‐handed, age‐ and gender‐matched controls from the Cape Coloured (mixed ancestry) community in Cape Town, South Africa, using Proximity Judgment and Exact Addition tasks.Results:  Control children activated the expected fronto‐parietal network during both tasks, including the anterior horizontal intraparietal sulcus (HIPS), left posterior HIPS, left precentral sulcus, and posterior medial frontal cortex. By contrast, on the Proximity Judgment task, the exposed children recruited additional parietal pathways involving the right and left angular gyrus and posterior cingulate/precuneus, which may entail verbally mediated recitation of numbers and/or subtraction to assess relative numerical distances. During Exact Addition, the exposed children exhibited more diffuse and widespread activations, including the cerebellar vermis and cortex, which have been found to be activated in adults engaged in particularly challenging number processing problems.Conclusions:  The data suggest that, whereas control children rely primarily on the fronto‐parietal network identified in previous studies to mediate number processing, children with FAS/PFAS recruit a broader range of brain regions to perform these relatively simple number processing tasks. Our results are consistent with structural neuroimaging findings indicating that the parietal lobe is relatively more affected by prenatal alcohol exposure and provide the first evidence for brain activation abnormalities during number processing in children with FAS/PFAS, effects that persist even after controlling statistically for group differences in total intracranial volume and IQ.
Differences in quality between privately and publicly banked umbilical cord blood units: a pilot study of autologous cord blood infusion in children with acquired neurologic disorders
Authors: Sun Jessica , Allison June , McLaughlin Colleen , Sledge Linda , Waters‐Pick Barbara , Wease Stephen , Kurtzberg Joanne 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: A pilot study was conducted to determine the safety and feasibility of intravenous administration of autologous umbilical cord blood (CB) in young children with acquired neurologic disorders. Most CB units (CBUs) were electively stored in private CB banks. Unlike public banks, which utilize specific criteria and thresholds for banking, private banks generally store all collected CBUs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: CBUs of eligible patients containing more than 1 × 107 cells/kg were shipped to Duke from the banks of origin after confirming identity by HLA typing. On the day of infusion, CBUs were thawed and washed in dextran‐albumin and infused intravenously. Patients were medicated with acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, and methylprednisolone before transfusion. Data regarding patients, infusions, and CBUs were collected retrospectively. Characteristics of CBUs were compared to existing data from CBUs publicly banked at the Carolinas Cord Blood Bank.RESULTS: From March 2004 to December 2009, 184 children received 198 CB infusions. Three patients had infusion reactions, all responsive to medical therapy and stopping the infusion. Median precryopreservation volume (60 mL vs. 89 mL, p < 0.0001), total nucleated cell count (4.7 × 108 vs. 10.8 × 108, p < 0.0001), and CD34 count (1.8 × 106 vs. 3.0 × 106, p < 0.0001) were significantly lower than publicly stored CBUs. Postthaw sterility cultures were positive in 7.6% of infused CBUs.CONCLUSION: IV infusion of autologous CB is safe and feasible in young children with neurologic injuries. Quality parameters of privately banked CBUs are inferior to those stored in public banks. If efficacy of autologous CB is established clinically, the quality of autologous units should be held to the same standards as those stored in public banks.
Safety and Efficacy of Bivalirudin for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Rotational Atherectomy
Authors: DELHAYE CEDRIC , WAKABAYASHI KOHEI , MALUENDA GABRIEL , BEN‐DOR ITSIK , TORGUSON REBECCA , XUE ZHENYI , SUDDATH WILLIAM O. , SATLER LOWELL F. , PICHARD AUGUSTO D. , KENT KENNETH M. , LINDSAY JOSEPH , WAKSMAN RON 
Published: June 2010

Background: Although bivalirudin use in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) results in less bleeding compared to unfractionated heparin (UFH) use, its safety in patients undergoing rotational atherectomy (RA) is unknown.
Methods: A cohort of 503 patients who underwent PCI with RA from 2000 to 2009 was studied. Patients receiving bivalirudin (n = 322) were compared to those (n = 181) treated with UFH ± glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) as PCI anticoagulation. Safety was assessed by the frequency of major bleeding (hematocrit drop ≥15%, intracerebral or gastro‐intestinal bleeding) and need for transfusion. Efficacy was assessed by a composite end‐point of in‐hospital death, Q wave myocardial infarction (MI) or urgent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
Results: Those in the bivalirudin group were older, more hypertensive, and had greater body mass index. The UFH group was more likely to have prior MI, prior CABG, and an acute coronary syndrome at baseline. GPI was used in 93 patients (52%) of the UFH group. No difference was found between groups for the composite of death/Q wave MI/urgent CABG (1.9% vs. 1.7%, respectively, in bivalirudin vs. UFH group; P = 0.2). The frequency of major bleeding (2.2% vs. 1.7%; P = 0.8) or transfusion (5.6% vs. 8.7%; P = 0.9) was also similar between groups. After adjustment, bivalirudin use was not associated with a reduction in death/Q wave MI/urgent CABG, major bleeding, or transfusion compared to UFH.
Conclusion: Bivalirudin use seems to be as safe and effective as UFH in patients undergoing RA. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:223–229)