bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of three-monthly oral 150,000 IU cholecalciferol supplementation on falls, mobility, and muscle strength in older postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Glendenning Paul , Zhu Kun , Inderjeeth Charles , Howat Peter , Lewis Joshua R , Prince Richard L 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Daily vitamin D in addition to calcium supplementation reduces falls and fractures in older women. However, poor adherence to therapy is a common clinical problem. To examine the effects of supervised oral 3-monthly vitamin D therapy on falls, muscle strength, and mobility, we conducted a 9-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 686 community-dwelling ambulant women aged over 70 years. Participants received either oral cholecalciferol 150,000 IU every 3 months (n = 353) or an identical placebo (n = 333). All participants were advised to increase dietary calcium intake. Falls data were collected 3-monthly. At baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months, muscle strength was measured by a handheld dynamometer and mobility by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was measured in a subgroup of 40 subjects. Mean age at baseline was 76.7 ± 4.1 years. The average serum 25OHD value at baseline was 65.8 ± 22.7 nmol/L. By 3, 6, and 9 months after supplementation, 25OHD levels of the vitamin D group were approximately 15 nmol/L higher than the placebo group. Calcium intake did not change significantly between baseline (864 ± 412 mg/day) and 9 months (855 ± 357 mg/day). Faller rates in the two groups did not differ: vitamin D group, 102 of 353 (29%); placebo group, 89 of 333 (27%). At 9 months, compared to placebo or baseline, muscle strength, and TUG were not altered by vitamin D. In conclusion, oral cholecalciferol 150,000 IU therapy administered 3-monthly had neither beneficial nor adverse effects on falls or physical function. These data together with previous findings confirm that intermittent large doses of vitamin D are ineffective or have a deleterious effect on falls. Thus despite adherence issues with daily vitamin D replacement, an intermittent, high-dose vitamin D regimen cannot be supported as a strategy to reduce falls and fractures. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
The potential value of monitoring bone turnover markers among women on alendronate
Authors: Bell Katy JL , Hayen Andrew , Irwig Les , Hochberg Marc C , Ensrud Kristine E , Cummings Steven R , Bauer Douglas C 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Biochemical markers of bone turnover have been proposed to monitor the response to bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis, but this requires true between-person differences in the response to therapy. Using mixed models we analyzed three annual measurements of two markers (bone alkaline phosphatase [BAP] and cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen [NTX]) from the Fracture Intervention Trial. We compared marker variation among women allocated to alendronate with that among women allocated to placebo to estimate how much variation was due to true between-person differences in response to treatment, and how much was due to random within-person fluctuations unrelated to treatment. For both markers we found that the mean effect of treatment differed by the baseline level of the marker. After allowing for this and other effects, we found large true between-person differences in response to treatment for both markers, with a coefficient of variation (CV) for NTX of 25.1% and for BAP of 21.2%. However, random within-person fluctuation was even larger, with a CV for change in NTX of 42.5% and for change in BAP of 25.8%. Although repeated measurements have the potential to reduce within person variability, even triplicate baseline marker measurements resulted in an averaged value that was only within 31% of the true value with 95% certainty. In summary, although bone turnover markers appear promising for monitoring between-person differences in response to treatment, their use in clinical practice is currently limited by large random within-person variation. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent and vitamin D is inversely associated with parathyroid hormone and calcitriol in pregnant adolescents
Authors: Young Bridget E , McNanley Thomas J , Cooper Elizabeth M , McIntyre Allison W , Witter Frank , Harris Z Leah , O'Brien Kimberly O 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Few large studies have assessed changes in calcitropic hormones and maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status across pregnancy, and how this may impact maternal bone turnover and neonatal hormone status. We aimed to identify determinants of 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitriol across pregnancy in a longitudinal study of 168 pregnant adolescents (≤18 years of age). Maternal 25(OH)D, PTH, and calcitriol were assessed at mid-gestation (∼26 weeks), delivery, and in cord blood. Data were related to measures of maternal anthropometrics, dietary intake, physical activity, and bone turnover markers. Approximately 50% of teens and their infants had serum 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL; 25(OH)D was lower in African Americans versus whites (p &lt; 0.001). PTH increased across gestation (p &lt; 0.001). Elevated PTH (≥60 pg/mL) was detected in 25% of adolescents at delivery, and was associated with increased concentrations of serum N-telopeptide (NTX) (p = 0.028). PTH and calcitriol did not significantly differ across the range of Ca intake consumed (257–3220 mg/d). In the group as a whole, PTH was inversely associated with 25(OH)D in maternal circulation at mid-gestation (p = 0.023) and at delivery (p = 0.019). However, when the cohort was partitioned by 25(OH)D status, this relationship was only present in those with 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL, suggestive of a threshold below which 25(OH)D impacts PTH during pregnancy. Mid-gestation 25(OH)D was inversely associated with calcitriol at delivery (p = 0.023), irrespective of Ca intake. Neonatal PTH and calcitriol were significantly lower than (p &lt; 0.001), but unrelated to maternal concentrations. These findings indicate that maternal 25(OH)D status plays a role in calcitropic hormone regulation in pregnant adolescents. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
D,L‐sulforaphane‐induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells is regulated by the adapter protein p66Shc
Authors: Sakao Kozue , Singh Shivendra V. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCancer chemopreventive response to D,L‐sulforaphane (SFN), a synthetic racemic analogue of broccoli constituent L‐sulforaphane, is partly attributable to apoptosis induction, but the mechanism of cell death is not fully understood. The present study demonstrates a critical role for adapter protein p66Shc in SFN‐induced apoptosis. Immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) derived from p66shc knockout mice were significantly more resistant to SFN‐induced apoptosis, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared with MEF obtained from the wild‐type mice. Notably, a spontaneously immortalized and non‐tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF‐10A) was resistant to SFN‐induced ROS production and apoptosis. Stable overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells conferred near complete protection against SFN‐induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. SFN treatment resulted in increased S36 phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation of p66shc in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells, and SFN‐induced apoptosis was significantly attenuated by RNA interference of p66shc in both cells. SFN‐treated MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells also exhibited a marked decrease in protein level of peptidyl prolyl isomerase (Pin1), which is implicated in mitochondrial translocation of p66shc. However, stable overexpression of Pin1 failed to alter proapoptotic response to SFN at least in MCF‐7 cells. Finally, SFN‐induced S36 phosphorylation of p66Shc was mediated by protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ), and pharmacological inhibition of PKCβ significantly inhibited apoptotic cell death resulting from SFN exposure. In conclusion, the present study provides new insight into the mechanism of SFN‐induced apoptosis involving PKCβ ‐mediated S36 phosphorylation of p66shc. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 599–610, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction of Wnt/β‐catenin and notch signaling in the early stage of cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells
Authors: Li Binhong , Jia Zhuqing , Wang Tao , Wang Weiping , Zhang Chenguang , Chen Ping , Ma Kangtao , Zhou Chunyan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNotch and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling both play essential roles and interact closely in cardiomyocyte differentiation but the mechanism of interaction is largely unknown. Here we show that activation of Notch signaling in undifferentiated P19CL6 cells promoted cardiac differentiation, indicated by upregulated expression of early cardiac markers and activated the canonical Wnt pathway, suggested by augmented nuclear translocation of β‐catenin. Further activation of the Notch pathway in early differentiating cells (at day 3) inhibited expression of a specific cardiac progenitor marker Islet1 but had no influence on β‐catenin translocation. Notch signaling thus played biphasic roles in the early stage of cardiomyocyte differentiation and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Unlike Notch signaling, Wnt signaling promoted cardiomyocyte differentiation and activated the Notch pathway in either undifferentiated or early differentiating cells. Additionally, β‐catenin, recombination signal sequence binding protein‐Jkappa (RBP‐Jκ), and Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD‐1) formed a transcriptional complex which was recruited to the Hes1 promoter region, indicating direct transcriptional regulation of Hes1. We thus document a specific reciprocal interaction between these two signaling pathways during early stage cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 629–639, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cold‐blooded snipers: thermal independence of ballistic tongue projection in the salamander Hydromantes platycephalus
Authors: Deban Stephen M. , Richardson Jason C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPlethodontid salamanders of the genus Hydromantes capture prey using the most extreme tongue projection among salamanders, and can shoot the tongue a distance of 80% of body length in less than 20 msec. The tongue skeleton is projected from the body via an elastic‐recoil mechanism that decouples muscle contraction from tongue projection, amplifying muscle power tenfold. We tested the hypothesis that the elastic‐recoil mechanism also endows tongue projection with low thermal dependence by examining the kinematics and dynamics of tongue projection in Hydromantes platycephalus over a range of body temperatures (2–24°C). We found that H. platycephalus maintained tongue‐projection performance over the tested temperature range and that tongue projection showed thermal independence (Q10 values of 0.94–1.04) of all performance parameters including projection distance, average velocity, and peak instantaneous values of velocity, acceleration, and power. Nonelastic, muscle‐powered tongue retraction, in contrast, responded to temperature changes significantly differently than elastic tongue projection; performance parameters of retraction displayed thermal dependence typical of muscle‐powered movement (Q10 values of 1.63–4.97). These results reveal that the elastic‐recoil mechanism liberates tongue projection from the effects of temperature on muscle contractile rates. We suggest that relative thermal independence is a general characteristic of elastic‐recoil mechanisms and may promote the evolution of these mechanisms in ectothermic animals. J. Exp. Zool. 315:618–630, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermosensitive hydrogel for prolonged delivery of lentiviral vector expressing neurotrophin‐3 in vitro
Authors: McMahon Siobhan S , Nikolskaya Natalia , Choileáin Siobhan Ní , Hennessy Niamh , O'Brien Timothy , Strappe Padraig M , Gorelov Alexander , Rochev Yury 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe development of tissue engineering scaffolds for gene delivery has the potential to enhance gene transfer efficiency and safety via controlled temporal and spatial delivery. Lentiviral delivery can be carried out using the natural biopolymer thermoresponsive gel, chitosan/β‐glycerol phosphate (β‐GP) as a carrier.MethodsThree chitosan/β‐GP scaffolds were prepared with varying concentrations of chitosan and β‐GP to obtain a pH and gelation temperature suitable for in situ delivery. A lentiviral vector expressing either green fluorescent protein (Lenti GFP) or neurotrophin‐3 (Lenti NT‐3) was incorporated into the chitosan/β‐GP scaffolds and also into collagen 0.1% w/v (control). Viral elution medium was removed at various timepoints and added to the culture medium of pre‐seeded HeLa or primary dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells, respectively. GFP gene expression was quantified using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis. The effect of Lenti NT‐3 was analyzed by measuring DRG neurite outgrowth.ResultsCollagen displayed its most significant elution of virus on day 1 and chitosan/β‐GP (with a final concentration of 2.17% chitosan) on day 3.ConclusionsThe system shows promise for the in situ, thermoresponsive delivery of lentiviral vectors providing long‐term gene expression for therapeutic factors to treat conditions such as injury to the nervous system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myoanatomy and serotonergic nervous system of plumatellid and fredericellid phylactolaemata (lophotrochozoa, ectoprocta)
Authors: Schwaha Thomas , Wanninger Andreas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe phylogenetic position of the Ectoprocta within the Lophotrochozoa is discussed controversially. For gaining more insight into ectoproct relationships and comparing it with other potentially related phyla, we analysed the myoanatomy and serotonergic nervous system of adult representatives of the Phylactolaemata (Plumatella emarginata, Plumatellavaihiriae, Plumatella fungosa, Fredericella sultana). The bodywall contains a mesh of circular and longitudinal muscles. On its distal end, the orifice possesses a prominent sphincter and continues into the vestibular wall, which has longitudinal and circular musculature. The tentacle sheath carries mostly longitudinal muscle fibres in Plumatella sp., whereas F. sultana also possesses regular circular muscle fibres. Three groups of muscles are associated with the lophophore: 1) Lophophoral arm muscles (missing in Fredericella), 2) epistome musculature and 3) tentacle musculature. The epistome flap is encompassed by smooth muscle fibres. A few fibres extend medially over the ganglion to its proximal floor. Abfrontal tentacle muscles have diagonally arranged muscle fibres in their proximal region, whereas the distal region is formed by a stack of muscles that resemble an inverted ‘V’. Frontal tentacle muscles show more variation and either possess one or two bases. The digestive tract possesses circular musculature which is striated except at the intestine where it is composed of smooth muscle fibres. The serotonergic nervous system is concentrated in the cerebral ganglion. From the latter a serotonergic nerve extends to each tentacle base. In Plumatella the inner row of tentacles at the lophophoral concavity lacks serotonergic nerves. Bodywall musculature is a common feature in many lophotrochozoan phyla, but among other filter feeders like the Ectoprocta is only present in the ‘lophophorate’ Phoronida. The longitudinal tentacle musculature is reminiscent of the condition found in phoronids and brachiopods, but differs to entoproct tentacles. Although this study shows some support for the ‘Lophophorata’, more comparative analyses of possibly related phyla are required. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure and ultrastructure of spermatozoa and spermiogenesis in three species of Lucilia Robineau‐desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Name Khesller P.O. , Barros‐Cordeiro Karine B. , Filho José B. Gama , Wolff Marta , Pujol‐Luz José R. , Báo Sônia N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMorphology of male internal reproductive organs, spermatozoa, and spermiogenesis of the blow‐flies Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia eximia, and Lucilia peruviana is first described here, using light and transmission electron microscopy. Spermiogenesis follows the characteristics described for others insect species. The spermatozoa of L. cuprina are similar to those described for other Brachycera. However, in L. eximia and L. peruviana, some differences were found. In L. cuprina and L. eximia species, the spermatozoa are long and thin, measuring about 211 μm and 146 μm in length, of which the head region measures approximately 19 μm and 17 μm, respectively. A polymorphism was observed in L. cuprina and L. eximia spermatozoa. In all three species, the head includes a monolayered acrosome with electron‐lucent material. The shape of the nucleus, in cross sections, varies from circular to oval with completely condensed chromatin. Implantation of the axoneme was observed in the middle region of the nucleus, known as the “peg” region. In the next region, the beginning of two mitochondrial derivatives of similar diameter and different lengths in L. cuprina and only one in L. eximia and L. peruviana was observed. In the overlap region, the following structures were observed: nucleus, centriolar adjunct, mitochondrial derivatives, and axoneme. The axoneme is of a conventional insectan type with a 9 + 9 + 2 microtubular arrangement. The male internal reproductive tract consists of testis, deferent ducts, a strongly developed seminal vesicle, accessory glands, and ejaculatory duct. These features are consistent with the structural diversity of the dipteran reproductive tract and spermatozoa, comprising an essential tool for understanding the complex variations found in the Diptera. J. Morphol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic and thermodynamic investigation of mancozeb degradation in tomato homogenate during thermal processing
Authors: Certel Muharrem , Cengiz Mehmet F , Akçay Mehmet 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of mancozeb degradation in tomato homogenates under the conditions prevailing in the manufacture of tomato products (at 60–100 °C for 0–60 min) were investigated. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method was used to analyse residual mancozeb in tomato homogenate. Ethylenethiourea (ETU), the main toxic degradation product of mancozeb, was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–with photodiode array detector (PDA).RESULTS: The degradation of mancozeb and the formation of ETU in tomato homogenates were adequately described as first‐order kinetics. Dependence of the rate constant followed the Arrhenius relationship. Apparent activation energies, temperature coefficients, half time and time to reduce to 90% of the initial value of mancozeb were calculated as kinetic parameters. The thermodynamic parameters of mancozeb were also described as Δgd = − 2.440 and 7.074 kJ mol−1; Δhd = − 32.555 and − 42.767 kJ mol−1; Δsd = − 0.090 and − 0.150 kJ mol−1 K−1; Ke = 0.414 and 9.797 L g−1 for 333 and 373 K respectively.CONCLUSION: Current findings may shed light on the reduction of mancozeb residue and its toxic degradation product during thermal processing of tomatoes and may also be valuable in awareness and prevention of potential risks from dietary exposure. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Quality assessment of tomato landraces and virus‐resistant breeding lines: quick estimation by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: García‐Martínez Santiago , Gálvez‐Sola Luis N , Alonso Arantxa , Agulló Enrique , Rubio Fernando , Ruiz Juan J , Moral Raúl 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Several tomato landraces are very popular in south‐eastern Spain for their organoleptic fruit quality, but these cultivars are highly susceptible to several viruses. A breeding programme is being carried out for the introduction of virus resistances into these landraces. In the last steps of our breeding programme a high number of breeding lines must be evaluated for agronomic and organoleptic quality parameters. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technology shows considerable promise and is ideally suited to the requirements of breeders.RESULTS: Significant differences between a set of 35 tomato breeding lines, seven landraces and one commercial hybrid were observed for quality and mineral content parameters, suggesting that there are considerable levels of genetic diversity between the cultivar groups studied. Using NIRS on dry samples of tomato constitutes a feasible technique to estimate the content of several minerals (C, N, P, K, Ca, Na, Mn, Mg and Cu) according to the coefficient of determination for calibration (R2 > 0.90). NIRS estimations of soluble solids content and titratable acidity obtained were considered useful only for general screening purposes.CONCLUSIONS: NIRS technology may be a useful tool in the selection of lines coming out of tomato breeding programs, allowing a quick estimation of mineral content. However, the estimation of soluble solids content and titratable acidity by NIRS must be improved. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Distance from riparian edge reduces brood parasitism of southwestern willow flycatchers, whereas parasitism increases nest predation risk
Authors: Stumpf Katie J. , Theimer Tad C. , Mcleod Mary Anne , Koronkiewicz Thomas J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) is a federally endangered subspecies that breeds in increasingly fragmented and threatened habitat. We examined whether temporal and habitat characteristics were associated with risk of predation and probability of brood parasitism by brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) on flycatcher nests at 6 sites in southern Nevada and northwestern Arizona, USA. For nest predation, we found the most support for a model that included date and an interaction between parasitism status and nesting stage. Daily nest survival decreased from 0.87 (95% CI = 0.81–0.93) to 0.78 (95% CI = 0.72–0.84) through the season for parasitized nests but remained relatively constant for unparasitized nests (0.93, 95% CI = 0.91–0.95 to 0.92, 95% CI = 0.91–93). Parasitized nests had lower survival than non‐parasitized nests during the incubation (0.85, 95% CI = 0.84–0.86 vs. 0.92, CI = 0.91–0.93) and nestling (0.79, 95% CI = 0.77–0.81 vs. 0.91, 95% CI = 0.90–0.92) stages. Of the variables included in our parasitism candidate models, model‐averaged coefficients and odds ratios supported only distance to habitat edge; odds of parasitism decreased 1% for every 1 m from the habitat edge. Nests greater than 100 m from an edge were 50% less likely to be parasitized as those on an edge, however, only 52 of 233 nests (22%) were found at this distance. Where management and conservation goals include reducing nest losses due to parasitism, we recommend restoration of habitat patches that minimize edge and maximize breeding habitat further from edges. At sites where cowbirds have been documented as important nest predators, controlling cowbirds may be one option, but further study of the link between parasitism and nest predation and the identification of major nest predators at specific sites is warranted. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.