bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester derivative exerts remarkable anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect, non-inferior to sorafenib, in vivo analysis
Authors: Gong Lei , Wang Wenzhen , Yu Fei , Deng Zenghua , Luo Nan , Zhang Xinjing , Chen Jianfen , Peng Jirun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCaffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and its derivatives exhibit considerable effects against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with unquestioned safety. Here we investigated CAPE derivative 1ʹ (CAPE 1ʹ) monotherapy to HCC, compared with sorafenib. HCC Bel-7402 cells were treated with CAPE 1ʹ, the IC50 was detected using CCK-8 analysis, and acute toxicity testing (5 g/kg) was performed to evaluate safety. In vivo, tumor growth after CAPE 1ʹ treatment was evaluated using an subcutaneous tumor xenograft model. Five groups were examined, with group 1 given vehicle solution, groups 2, 3, and 4 given CAPE 1ʹ (20, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively), and group 5 given sorafenib (30 mg/kg/day). Tumor volume growth and tumor volume-to-weight ratio were calculated and statistically analyzed. An estimated IC50 was 5.6 µM. Acute toxicity tests revealed no animal death or visible adverse effects with dosage up to 5 g/kg. Compared to negative controls, CAPE 1ʹ treatment led to significantly slower increases of tumor volume and tumor volume-to-weight. CAPE 1ʹ and sorafenib exerted similar inhibitory effects on HCC tumors. CAPE 1ʹ was non-inferior to sorafenib for HCC treatment, both in vitro and in vivo. It has great potential as a promising drug for HCC, based on effectiveness and safety profile.
Molecular investigation of Blastocystis sp. infections in wild rodents from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region and Liaoning province, China: High prevalence and dominance of ST4
Authors: Liu Li , Wang Long , Tan Feng , Zhao Wei , Zeng Fansheng 
Published: June 2024

Wild rodents are key carriers of various human pathogens, including Blastocystis spp. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Blastocystis among wild rodents in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province of China. From November 2023 to February 2024, 486 rodents were captured in these regions. Fresh feces were collected from the intestines of each rodent for the isolation of DNA and PCR amplification of the vertebrate cytochrome b (cytb) gene to identify rodent species. Subsequently, PCR analysis and sequencing of the partial small subunit of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were utilized to detect Blastocystis in all fecal samples. Of the total samples, 27.4% (133/486) were found to be Blastocystis positive. The results revealed the presence of four species of rodents infected with Blastocystis, 32.3% (63/195) in Rattus norvegicus, 15.1% (16/106) in Mus musculus, 20.2% (18/89) in Apodemus agrarius, and 37.5% (36/96) in Cricetulus barabensis. Sequence analysis confirmed the existence of five Blastocystis subtypes: ST1 (n = 4), ST2 (n = 2), the ST4 (n = 125, the dominant subtype), ST10 (n = 1), and a novel ST (n = 1). The identified zoonotic subtypes (ST1, ST2, ST4, and ST10) highlight the possible role played by wild rodents in the transmission of Blastocystis to humans, thereby elevating the chances of human infection. Meanwhile, the discovery of novel sequences also provides new insights into the genetic diversity of this parasite.
Détente, the rebirth of anti-communism, and the rise of a transatlantic ‘neo-conservative’ network: the case of the Cercle
Authors: Großmann Johannes 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe so-called Cercle, Cercle Pinay or Cercle Violet emerged in the 1960s as an informal discussion group of senior politicians, publicists, businessmen and intelligence officers from France, Germany and other Western European countries. A secret meeting place for conservative elites, the Cercle was initially based on the transnational network of the French lawyer, political advisor and anti-communist activist Jean Violet. In the second half of the 1970s, in reaction to Détente, the Cercle turned into a transatlantic forum with close personal ties to Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan. The Cercle thus became both a catalyst and a typical example of a ‘neo-conservatism’ that combined classical conservative positions with neoliberal principles. What was ‘new’ about this ‘neo-conservatism’ was above all that it overcame the contradictions between different national currents of conservatism. Its representatives saw themselves as part of a transnational community and emphasized the global dimension of their political thought and action. Within this transatlantic conservative alliance, the fight against communism served as both a means of integration and an overarching goal. Nevertheless, the Cercle survived the collapse of communism and the end of the Cold War. It has remained a transnational meeting place for conservative elites to this day, although its focus seems to have shifted from anti-communism to anti-terrorism.
Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy on beam-sensitive materials and quantum science
Authors: Wang 王 Gang 刚 , Lin 林 Jun-Hao 君浩 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers unparalleled atomic-resolution imaging of complex materials and heterogeneous structures. However, high-energy imaging electrons can induce structural damage, posing a challenge for electron-beam-sensitive materials. Cryogenic TEM (Cryo-TEM) has revolutionized structural biology, enabling the visualization of biomolecules in their near-native states at unprecedented detail. The low electron dose imaging and stable cryogenic environment in Cryo-TEM are now being harnessed for the investigation of electron-beam-sensitive materials and low-temperature quantum phenomena. Here, we present a systematic review of the interaction mechanisms between imaging electrons and atomic structures, illustrating the electron beam-induced damage and the mitigating role of Cryo-TEM. This review then explores the advancements in low-dose Cryo-TEM imaging for elucidating the structures of organic-based materials. Furthermore, we showcase the application of Cryo-TEM in the study of strongly correlated quantum materials, including the detection of charge order and novel topological spin textures. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of Cryo-TEM, emphasizing its transformative potential in unraveling the complexities of materials and phenomena across diverse scientific disciplines.
Emittance optimization under magnet strength limitation for a multi-bend achromat lattice
Authors: Ren Zhiliang , Wei Bingfeng , Yang Penghui , Huang Yuejing , Xu Hongliang , Bai Zhenghe 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs) based on
multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattices are being developed towards much
lower emittances. For instance, for the future development, MAX IV
designed a 19BA lattice to replace the present 7BA lattice,
achieving an emittance of 16 pm·rad. While this 19BA lattice,
with a significantly increased number of unit cells, requires
extremely strong quadrupoles and sextupoles, which will result in
very small vacuum chambers and can thus significantly increase beam
coupling impedance and potentially enhance beam instabilities. This
issue raises a question of how we can reduce magnet strengths while
achieving the emittance goal. In this paper, based on a simplified
model where an MBA lattice is considered to consist of a number of
identical unit cells, emittance optimization is numerically studied
under magnet strength limitation. The studied results show that for
a given arc length and emittance goal, choosing an appropriate
number of unit cells with relatively large horizontal cell tunes can
significantly reduce magnet strengths. As a practical example, an
11BA lattice with relatively large unit cell tunes is designed and
compared with a 17BA lattice with smaller unit cell tunes. The two
lattices have roughly the same emittance with the same energy, ring
circumference and number of periods, while the magnets of the 11BA
lattice are significantly weaker.
Changes in urban heat island intensity during heatwaves in China
Authors: Shi Zitong , Jia Gensuo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With rising occurrence of heatwaves and ongoing urban expansion, urban residents are facing severer heat-related stress under the combined effects of urban heat island (UHI) and heatwaves. Controversial results, however, have been reported regarding whether the UHI is exacerbated during heatwaves. In this study, we used fused ground and satellite daily maximum air temperature data to evaluate the variation of UHI intensities under heatwaves across 225 major cities in mainland China during 2003–2020. Overall, urban areas showed an enhanced UHI intensity of up to 0.94 °C during heatwaves, nearly double compared to normal periods. The interaction between UHIs and heatwaves was sensitive to local background precipitation. Under the similar urbanization and vegetation greenness, the amplified warming in urban areas during heatwaves was more pronounced in wet climates. In megapolitan regions characterized by continuous urban development, the UHI intensified much stronger during heatwaves due to the heat accumulation within urbanized areas and the advection of heat from neighboring cities. Our results contribute to understanding the interactions between UHIs and heatwaves which may strongly increase heat risk in cities. Further work on the variations of this interaction under future warming and consequent impacts on human health and energy use is needed.
Long-term Implications of Cosmetic Breast Surgeries on Subsequent Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Liu Langfeier , Kim Lauren , Teotia Sumeet S , Haddock Nicholas T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Cosmetic breast surgeries such as augmentation, mastopexy, and reduction are common aesthetic medical procedures for enhancing physical appearance. Despite their popularity, the influence of these surgeries on subsequent breast reconstruction for cancer patients remains underexplored.

Objectives
In this study we sought to investigate the effects of previous cosmetic breast surgeries on the outcomes of breast reconstruction.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted from January 2011 to May 2023. This analysis compared patients with histories of implant augmentation, breast reduction, mastopexy, and augmentation mastopexy with those receiving reconstruction without any cosmetic surgery history. Demographics, comorbidities, complications, revisions, and BREAST-Q surveys were collected. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS, with significance set at P &lt; .05.

Results
The study included 124 patients (50 autologous, 74 implant) with a history of cosmetic breast surgery (102 implant augmentations, 17 breast reductions, 5 mastopexies, and 9 augmentation mastopexies). They were analyzed in comparison with 1307 patients (683 autologous, 624 implant) without previous cosmetic breast surgery. Patients with previous cosmetic surgeries showed a higher incidence of hematoma with tissue expander placement. A preference for implant-based reconstruction was more common among patients with an augmentation history (P &lt; .001), whereas autologous reconstruction was more common in those with a history of breast reduction (P = .047). Patients with a history of breast augmentation had on average significantly more breast revisions (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
In this study we demonstrate a significantly higher hematoma rate and number of revisions in patients with previous cosmetic breast surgery when compared to patients without a history of cosmetic surgery. Furthermore, we suggest that types of cosmetic breast surgery influence the decision-making process regarding implant vs autologous reconstruction.

Level of Evidence: 4
Aerobic denitrification as an N2O source from microbial communities
Authors: Roothans Nina , Gabriëls Minke , Abeel Thomas , Pabst Martin , van Loosdrecht Mark C M , Laureni Michele 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas of primarily microbial origin. Oxic and anoxic emissions are commonly ascribed to autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic denitrification, respectively. Beyond this established dichotomy, we quantitatively show that heterotrophic denitrification can significantly contribute to aerobic nitrogen turnover and N2O emissions in complex microbiomes exposed to frequent oxic/anoxic transitions. Two planktonic, nitrification-inhibited enrichment cultures were established under continuous organic carbon and nitrate feeding, and cyclic oxygen availability. Over a third of the influent organic substrate was respired with nitrate as electron acceptor at high oxygen concentrations (&gt;6.5 mg/L). N2O accounted for up to one-quarter of the nitrate reduced under oxic conditions. The enriched microorganisms maintained a constitutive abundance of denitrifying enzymes due to the oxic/anoxic frequencies exceeding their protein turnover—a common scenario in natural and engineered ecosystems. The aerobic denitrification rates are ascribed primarily to the residual activity of anaerobically synthesised enzymes. From an ecological perspective, the selection of organisms capable of sustaining significant denitrifying activity during aeration shows their competitive advantage over other heterotrophs under varying oxygen availabilities. Ultimately, we propose that the contribution of heterotrophic denitrification to aerobic nitrogen turnover and N2O emissions is currently underestimated in dynamic environments.
Reduced effectiveness of permethrin-treated military uniforms after prolonged wear measured by contact irritancy and toxicity bioassays with Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs
Authors: Davidson Silas A , Nun Dylan J , Chellaraj Alyssa H , Johnson Jason Y , Burgess Alex M , Dehemer Spencer , Milner Erin E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Factory-treated permethrin uniforms are the primary method used by the US Army to prevent arthropod bites and transmission of arthropod-borne diseases. In this study previously worn uniforms were collected from cadets at the United States Military Academy in West Point, NY to determine the amount of permethrin remaining after prolonged wear and subsequent effects on ticks. Six trousers were collected from cadets in the sophomore, junior, and senior classes. A new, unwashed uniform served as a positive control and an untreated maternity uniform served as a negative control. Fabric samples were removed from each trouser and used in bioassays with laboratory-reared Ixodes scapularis Say nymphs. Contact irritancy bioassays measured the nymphs’ ability to remain in contact with fabric for a period of 5 min. Toxicity bioassays measured tick survival at 1 and 24 h after contacting uniform samples. liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to quantify the permethrin content (mg/cm2) in each uniform after the bioassays were complete. The results showed significant amounts of permethrin were lost after extended wear and it was related to the cadet year group. The contact irritancy assays found uniforms with less permethrin did not irritate ticks and cause them to dislodge. Mortality was also affected by permethrin levels, with less ticks dying at 24 h on older uniforms. The results from this study show older uniforms lose most of their permethrin and no longer provide the same levels of protection.
Analyzing Navigable Narratives through Multiple Lenses
Authors: Hambleton Elizabeth 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Elizabeth Hambleton explores the music and soundscapes of the paidic (sandbox) games she terms “navigable narratives” (also known as walking simulators). Navigable narratives are immersive “games without gameplay”; with no prescribed “win/loss” outcomes like ludic games, they instead present artistic experiences. Via paidic play and its accompanying sound design, which builds out the virtual world and narratives, the player is invited to discover and navigate their stories. Through four case studies, Hambleton analyzes the navigable narrative’s music and sound, exploring how composers and sound designers create unique blends of the real and the imaginary to create the virtual worlds and use disembodied voices to interact with the player and the world, thereby prompting novel experiences.
A Functional Approach to the Psychology of Video Game Sound
Authors: Garner Tom A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tom A. Garner’s chapter probes the “psychological relationship between player and video game,” and highlights how, historically, game design parallels developments in understanding cognition and perception—there is increasing understanding of the integration between various systems while, at the same time, aspects of function and task are coming to the fore. Accordingly, Garner presents two arguments regarding video game sound. First, the conceptualization of such sounds best proceeds from their function; and, second, game designers should maximize their use of cutting-edge technology and experimental findings while still paying attention to a holistic view of the game system. In order to do so, and with the view that auditory perception is an emergent process, Garner provides a number of recommendations to game audio designers.
Symbolic Music and Algorithmic Composing
Authors: Höltgen Stefan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Stefan Höltgen delves into the archives with a study of representative BASIC computer game program codes produced by a growing band of computer programming hobbyists from the 1970s to the 1990s. In contrast to other studies of game sound and music that typically provide aesthetic or functional categories, Höltgen’s approach allows him to devise a distinct typography based on the sound-code connection. It is only by focusing on this connection, Höltgen argues, that the influence of the game platform’s hardware and software specifications on the sounds’ aesthetics can be fully appreciated. Re-reading the mostly only printed game (sound) codes from books and magazines shows the rich history of this type of “software storage,” and why it is important to properly preserve “paperware” for game history research.
Auditory Hallucinations and Altered States of Consciousness in Video Games
Authors: Weinel Jonathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Jonathan Weinel explores aural aspects of the increasingly common representation in video games of an altered state of consciousness (ASC) such as intoxication, hallucination, and psychosis. He first outlines how ASCs, produced, for instance, by drug intake, form and shape our subjective experience before suggesting how such experiences can be designed for in video games. Weinel uses his own ASC audiovisual projects as a means to discuss the concept of “avatar-centered subjectivity”: where the audiovisual design of first-person perspective (and thus first-person auditive) video games is based on a concept of the subjective perceptual experience of a player avatar. In this context, audio representing ASCs is disrupted in order to reflect the distorted aural experiences of the avatar.
Selling Play through Music and Sound
Authors: Deaville James 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
James Deaville’s chapter is an analysis of the sound, and especially music, of promotional material for the first video games and home consoles through to the Crash of 1983. Included for assessment are a number of Atari adverts but also adverts for the Magnavox Odyssey—the console’s lack of audio being compensated for by the music of the commercials. In this and other cases, it was the music of the audiovisual promotional material, Deaville argues, that was tasked with selling the product, but Deaville also shows that the soundtrack of the advertising kept pace with developments in the home-computer industry, stressing the opportunities for fun rather than work and featuring an increasing amount of narration, memorable jingles, and an emphasis on whole family enjoyment.
Hearing the Renaissance in Video Games
Authors: Cook Karen M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Karen M. Cook uncovers the hidden Renaissance in video game music. It is Cook’s contention that games set during, and thematically connected to, the European Renaissance (approximately 1400–1600) often make use of medieval and Baroque musical tropes. Such tropes might include a Gothic organ or harpsichord, counterpoint, drones, plainchant, and parallel fifths—all long fixed in the popular imagination as symbols of the distant historical or fantastical past. Moving past such tropes, Cook discusses musical referents more closely linked to the Renaissance itself, such as Renaissance musical works, recorders, lutes, and historically accurate styles. In so doing, Cook notes that such musical gestures solidify select historical people, events, and places (Leonardo da Vinci, the Reformation, Tudor England) as emblematic of the Renaissance writ large.
Simulating Sounds of Spectators
Authors: Graakjær Nicolai Jørgensgaard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nicolai Jørgensgaard Graakjær’s chapter deals with spectator sounds in sports video games, focusing on Electronic Arts’ FIFA series and, specifically, FIFA 19. Graakjær shows how boundaries between the televised broadcast of football (i.e., soccer) matches and their video game versions have become increasingly porous—spectator sound effects traverse domains, from broadcast to game, and from game to broadcast, and reality becomes a construct in both mediums. Throughout, issues of audience and player expectation, perception, authenticity, realism, and reality in relation to the use of spectator sound effects lead Graakjær to conclude, referencing Baudrillard’s concept of simulacra, that the resultant soundscapes embody “the generation by models of a real without origin or reality.”
Clinical Evaluation of Primary Suturing of Normal-Diameter Common Bile Ducts After Microincision of Cystic Duct Confluence for Stone Removal
Authors: Liu Luqing , Zhou Ti , Cao Yunxing , Dong Jinlong , Lei Jiangping , Shen Binjie 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:In patients with gallstones complicated by common bile duct (CBD) stones, both normal and dilated common bile ducts have been reported. The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of primary suturing after microincision of the cystic duct confluence in treating these patients.Method:Between July 2018 and December 2021, 104 patients were admitted to the Department of General Surgery at Guannan County People’s Hospital with gallstone complications, and their records were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups: normal CBD group (n=70, CBD diameter: 6.0 to 8.0 mm) and dilated CBD group (n=34, CBD diameter: >8.0 mm). In these 104 patients, there were 75 cases of CBD stones with acute cholangitis, 12 cases of CBD stones without cholangitis, and 17 cases of mild biliary pancreatitis with CBD stones (including 2 cases of biliary pancreatitis with cholangitis). Among all patients, there were 37 cases with jaundice, 67 cases without jaundice, and 5 cases of emergency surgery. All patients underwent microincision of the cystic duct confluence followed by primary suturing. Both groups were compared on a variety of general and perioperative indicators.Result:All patients underwent laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy; there were no cases of biliary tract injury or conversion to laparotomy. There was no statistically significant difference in operation duration (P=0.286), blood loss (P=0.06), length of stay (P=0.821), and time to drainage tube removal (P=0.096) between the 2 groups.Conclusion:Microincision of the cystic duct confluence, followed by a primary suture, is a safe and effective treatment for CBD stones in patients with a normal CBD diameter, as determined by preoperative imaging.