bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domestic and International Cosmetic Tourism Complications Presenting to a US Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Chin Madeline G , McIntire Damon R T , Wang Margaret R , Liu Paul Y , Breuing Karl H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Cosmetic surgery tourism has become a significant global industry. Often patients who develop postoperative complications present for care in their US home state.

Objectives
In this study we evaluated patients who either traveled abroad or to other states within the United States for cosmetic surgeries and later came with complications for treatment at the authors’ center. We sought to compare rates of complications between patients who underwent cosmetic surgery internationally and domestically.

Methods
In this retrospective cross-sectional study we reviewed patients who presented from June 2014 to June 2022 with concerns related to cosmetic surgeries performed in another state or abroad. Binary logistic regressions were performed to assess differences in outcomes between domestic and international cases, including complications, interventions, and admissions.

Results
One-hundred twenty-three patients (97.6% female, mean age 34.0 ± 8.7 years, range 16-62 years) sought 159 emergency department consultations. The most common procedures included abdominoplasty (n = 72) and liposuction (n = 56). Complications included wound dehiscence (n = 39), infection (n = 38), and seroma (n = 34). Over one-half of patients required intervention. Twenty-nine patients (23.6%) required hospital admission. On multivariate regression analyses, incidence of seroma (P = .025) and oral (P = .036) and intravenous antibiotic prescriptions (P = .045) was significantly greater among the international cohort than the domestic, and all other complication variables were nonsignificant. There were no other significant differences in operative interventions or hospital admissions between international and domestic cohorts.

Conclusions
Compared to domestic tourism cases, international tourism cases were associated with significantly higher rates of seroma formation and antibiotic use. There were no significant differences otherwise in overall complications, including infections, operative interventions, or hospital admissions.

Level of Evidence: 3
Comparing skin swabs, buccal swabs, and toe clips for amphibian genetic sampling, a case study with a small anuran (Acris blanchardi)
Authors: Rainey Travis A , Tryc Emily E , Nicholson Kirsten E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Multiple methods for collecting genetic samples from amphibians exist, each with their own implications for study design, animal welfare, and costs. Toe clipping is one common method, but there is ongoing debate regarding its potential detriment. Less invasive methods should be implemented, if efficacious, as amphibians are a particularly vulnerable vertebrate group. Skin and buccal swabbing are less invasive methods for genetic sampling, but the potential for contamination and a lower yield of DNA may exist. To compare these methods, we gathered skin swabs, buccal swabs, and toe clips from the same individuals of a relatively small anuran species, Blanchard’s Cricket Frog (Acris blanchardi). We then compared DNA yield, DNA purity, amplification success rate, and genotypic data quality among sample types. We found toe clips and buccal swabs generated similar DNA yield and purity, with skin swabs yielding significantly less DNA of significantly lower purity than the other sample types. Amplification success rate was significantly higher using toe clips compared to the other sample types, though buccal swab samples amplified more readily than skin swabs. Genotypic data from toe clips and buccal swabs did not differ significantly in quality, but skin swab data quality was significantly lowest among sample types. Thus, skin swabbing could produce erroneous data in some situations, but buccal swabbing is likely an effective substitute to toe clipping, even for small species. Our results can help future researchers select which genetic sampling method might best suit their research needs.
Neoadjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer: comprehensive review
Authors: Smith Henry G , Nilsson Per J , Shogan Benjamin D , Harji Deena , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Romano Angela , Brandl Andreas , Qvortrup Camilla 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant therapy has an established role in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. However, its role continues to evolve due to both advances in the available treatment modalities, and refinements in the indications for neoadjuvant treatment and subsequent surgery.MethodsA narrative review of the most recent relevant literature was conducted.ResultsShort-course radiotherapy and long-course chemoradiotherapy have an established role in improving local but not systemic disease control in patients with rectal cancer. Total neoadjuvant therapy offers advantages over short-course radiotherapy and long-course chemoradiotherapy, not only in terms of increased local response but also in reducing the risk of systemic relapses. Non-operative management is increasingly preferred to surgery in patients with rectal cancer and clinical complete responses but is still associated with some negative impacts on functional outcomes. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be of some benefit in patients with locally advanced colon cancer with proficient mismatch repair, although patient selection is a major challenge. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with deficient mismatch repair cancers in the colon or rectum is altering the treatment paradigm for these patients.ConclusionNeoadjuvant treatments for patients with colon or rectal cancers continue to evolve, increasing the complexity of decision-making for patients and clinicians alike. This review describes the current guidance and most recent developments.
Harnessing zirconocene (III) for photoinduced carbon radical generation
Authors: Ota Eisuke , Aida Kazuhiro , Yamaguchi Junichiro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With recent advances in photoredox chemistry, a variety of methods for generating carbon radicals have emerged. This review highlights recent approaches for radical generation utilizing zirconocene(III), a species infrequently employed in organic syntheses. Of particular interest are methods employing visible light irradiation, which induce C–Zr bond homolysis of alkyl zirconium species or activate a photoredox catalyst to reduce zirconocene(IV).
Chiral induction and amplification of achiral molecules induced by chiral compounds in solid matrices
Authors: Abe Minori , Kachi-Terajima Chihiro , Toyoda Masahiro , Ohga Yasushi , Harada Takunori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To demonstrate chiral induction and amplification in the solid state, we investigated co-crystals prepared from (S)- or (R)-1-phenylethylamine and achiral biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid by solvent-free crystallization. The chiroptical and optical properties of the co-crystals were characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and time-dependent density functional theory calculations, revealing chiral induction, and amplification in the solid phase.
Acute kidney tubular injury after ingestion of red yeast rice supplement
Authors: Miyazaki Reina , Takahashi Yasuhito , Kawamura Tetsuya , Ueda Hiroyuki , Tsuboi Nobuo , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
A 47-year-old woman developed severe kidney dysfunction after taking a lipid-lowering supplement, Red Yeast Rice Cholestehelp, for approximately 7 months. The patient developed sudden nausea and had an elevated serum creatinine level of 4.26 mg/dL. A kidney biopsy showed findings consistent with acute tubular necrosis. Kidney dysfunction improved with discontinuation of supplementation, and corticosteroid therapy. Similar kidney involvement has been reported, raising concerns regarding supplements in Japan. An investigation of the nephrotoxic ingredients in the same product batches is currently underway. This report underscores the need for public awareness and warnings of health risk concerns associated with unregulated supplements.
Exploring X: barriers to care for eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Thanawala Shivani U , Klein Ari , Raval Krish , Amaro Jesus Ivan Flores , Beveridge Claire A , Muir Amanda B , Falk Gary W , Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela , Lynch Kristle L 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Patients with chronic diseases have increasingly turned to social media to discuss symptoms and share the challenges they face with disease management. The primary aim of this study is to use naturally occurring data from X (formerly known as Twitter) to identify barriers to care faced by individuals affected by eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). For this qualitative study, the X application programming interface with academic research access was used to search for posts that referenced EoE between 1 January 2019 and 10 August 2022. The posts were identified as being either related to barriers to care for EoE or not. Those related to barriers to care were further categorized by the type of barrier that was expressed. A total of 8636 EoE-related posts were annotated of which 12.1% were related to barriers to care in EoE. The themes that emerged about barriers to care included: dietary challenges, limited treatment options, lack of community support, lack of physician awareness of disease, misinformation, cost of care, lack of patient belief in disease or trust in physician, and limited access to care. Saturation of themes was achieved. This study highlights barriers to care in EoE using readily accessible social media data that is not derived from a curated research setting. Identifying these obstacles is key to improving care for this chronic disease.
Influence of Vitamin D Receptor Signalling and Vitamin D on Colonic Epithelial Cell Fate Decisions in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kellermann Lauge , Hansen Stine Lind , Maciag Grzegorz , Granau Agnete Marie , Johansen Jens Vilstrup , Teves Joji Marie , Bressan Raul Bardini , Pedersen Marianne Terndrup , Soendergaard Christoffer , Baattrup Astrid Moeller , Hammerhøj Alexander , Riis Lene Buhl , Gubatan John , Jensen Kim Bak , Nielsen Ole Haagen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Epidemiological studies have shown that subnormal levels of vitamin D (25[OH]D) are associated with a more aggravated clinical course of ulcerative colitis [UC]. Despite an increased focus on the therapeutic importance of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor [VDR] signalling, the mechanisms underlying the effects of the vitamin D–VDR axis on UC remain elusive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to active vitamin D (1,25[OH]2D3/VDR) signalling in human organoids could influence the maintenance of the colonic epithelium.

Methods
Intestinal VDR expression was studied by immunohistochemistry, RNA expression arrays, and single-cell RNA sequencing of colonic biopsy specimens obtained from patients with UC and healthy individuals. To characterise the functional and transcriptional effects of 1,25[OH]2D3, we used patient-derived colonic organoids. The dependency of VDR was assessed by knocking out the receptor with CRISPR/Cas9.

Results
Our results suggest that 1,25[OH]2D3/VDR stimulation supports differentiation of the colonic epithelium and that impaired 1,25[OH]2D3/VDR signalling thereby may compromise the structure of the intestinal epithelial barrier, leading to flares of UC. Furthermore, a transcriptional response to VDR activity was observed primarily in fully differentiated cells at the top of the colonic crypt, and this response was reduced during flares of UC.

Conclusions
We identified an important role of vitamin D signalling in supporting differentiated cell states in the human colonic epithelium, and thereby maintenance of the intestinal barrier integrity. This makes the vitamin D–VDR signalling axis an interesting target for therapeutic efforts to achieve and maintain remission in patients with UC.
Characteristics of logs with signs of oviposition by the polyphagous xylophage Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Turgeon Jean J , Pedlar John H , Fournier Ronald E , Smith Michael T , Orr Mary , Gasman Ben 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
During the eradication program undertaken against Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) in the Greater Toronto Area, information was collected on the numerous signs of injury found on wounded trees. Herein, we used a portion of this information to assess the characteristics of logs with signs of oviposition (i.e., pits). Specifically, we related the basal diameter, type (log bole vs. log branch), height above ground, and branch hierarchy level of logs with pits to tree size (i.e., height and diameter at breast height) and level of infestation intensity. In general, pits were concentrated on logs from the bole and branches that were 8–14 cm in diameter in the lower 8 m of the bole and in the first 2 levels of the branching hierarchy. Oviposition pit location was strongly influenced by tree size—both height and diameter at breast height, with more pits on the lower bole in small trees and then higher on the bole and into the branches as tree size increased. As tree-level infestation intensity increased, pits were found on both larger and smaller diameter portions of the trees, presumably as preferred oviposition sites became saturated. These findings can improve the efficacy of surveillance activities for A. glabripennis.
PARTIALLY REVERSIBLE DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH AMPHOTERICIN B THERAPY
Authors: Mandi O , Silverii M , Fattiroli F , Burgisser C , Valoti P , Orso F , Baldasseroni S , Cappelli F , Contiello C , Lombardo V , Agusto S , D‘Ambrosio G , Ungar A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Amphotericin B (AmB) is an antifungal drug commonly used in a broad spectrum of infections, including leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis, transmitted through insect bites, has cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral (particularly liver and spleen) involvement. The main adverse effects of AmB are cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, often reversible, but with yet unclear pathophysiology. Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy is a rare disease with very few cases described in the literature (less than 10).

The Case
A 41–year–old man with a silent cardiological history (only cocaine and alcohol abuse in past) is admitted for visceral leishmaniasis. Cardiological evaluation: LBBB in ECG (none previous available); no abnormality detected on ECOCG (EF 55%). Ten days after the AmB cycle, onset of worsening dyspnoea needing hospital treatment after a further two weeks for heart failure (HF). At ECOCG severe left ventricular dysfunction (EF 30%), no rise of cardiac enzymes was detected. Coronary angiography showed 50–75% stenosis on RCA and LAD, treated by angioplasty and stenting. Cardiac MRI showed: dilated left ventricle with diffuse biventricular hypokinesis (FE 16% left and 22% right), areas of LGE of non–ischemic appearance. HFrEF GDMTs were prescribed, with progressive clinical improvement over the next four weeks; at cardiac MRI performed one month later, partially recovery of biventricular function (FE sn 41% right 48%) was found. The ECG showed regression of LBBB. No myocardial biopsy was performed, so it is not possible to get to an unequivocal cardiac dysfunction’s cause. However, the time relationship between the use of AmB and the clinical findings evolution, consistently with the few literature available, suggests a probable diagnosis of AmB toxic cardiomyopathy. An ischaemic cause of the dysfunction is unlikely by the MRI feature and by coronary angiography findings. Literature data suggest that the presence of predisposing factors for cardiac dysfunction, rather than the duration of treatment or preparation used, is the most relevant factor in the development of AmB–related cardiomyopathy. It’s important to perform cardiac monitoring in all patients receiving AmB therapy. In all reported cases, cardiac function recovered substantially after cessation of AmB treatment.
ELMO1 ameliorates intestinal epithelial cellular senescence via SIRT1/p65 signaling in inflammatory bowel disease-related fibrosis
Authors: Chen Junguo , Li Guanman , He Xiaowen , Chen Xijie , Chen Zexian , Liu Danling , Guo Shuang , Huang Tianze , Lin Yanyun , Lan Ping , Lian Lei , He Xiaosheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which still lacks of reliable markers and therapeutic options. Cellular senescence has been considered an important mechanism of intestinal fibrosis, but the underlying molecular link remains elusive.

Methods
Tissues were stained using α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and collagen I as markers of myofibroblastic differentiation. Cellular senescence was confirmed through Lamin B1 staining, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, and the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. We explored the relationship between senescence of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal fibrosis, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying this interaction. The effects of irisin on cellular senescence and fibrosis were determined.

Results
Here, we identify engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (ELMO1) as a novel biomarker for intestinal cellular senescence and fibrosis. In fibrostrictured tissues from patients and murine models with IBD, significantly high levels of cellular senescence score and factors were noted, which positively correlated with the fibrotic regulator fibronectin. Senescent IECs, not fibroblast itself, released SASP factors to regulate fibroblast activation. Prolonging exposure to severe and persistent injurious stimuli decreased ELMO1 expression, which dampened SIRT1 deacetylase activity, enhanced NF-κB (p65) acetylation, and thereby accelerated cellular senescence. Deletion of ELMO1 led to senescent IECs accumulation and triggered premature fibrosis in murine colitis. Furthermore, irisin, inhibiting the degradation of ELMO1, could downregulate p65 acetylation, reduce IECs senescence, and prevent incipient intestinal fibrosis in murine colitis models.

Conclusions
This study reveals ELMO1 downregulation is an early symbol of intestinal senescence and fibrosis, and the altered ELMO1-SIRT1-p65 pathway plays an important role in intestinal cellular senescence and IBD-related fibrosis.
Breast cancer awareness messages: investigating response among Lebanese women
Authors: El-Khoury Jessica R , Mady Christy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While national Lebanese studies done on breast cancer attest to the importance of awareness campaigns none, however, examine the type of content that most effectively reaches women. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine, through an experiment, the effectiveness of direct versus indirect messaging, in altering knowledge, risk perception, attitudes, behaviors and self-efficacy among two groups of women, those aged 18–40 and 41–65 years. Findings suggest that the designed breast cancer communication messages were perceived as informative, trustworthy and believable regardless of message type. An interaction effect indicated that the older age group (41+) who were exposed to the indirect message felt more confident in taking proactive measures than the 18- to 40-year-old participants. In addition, those exposed to the indirect message were more likely to behave as communicated than those in the direct message condition. At the very least, the messages, both direct and indirect, helped minimize misconception or correct people’s knowledge about the subject. This shows that participants and by extension people, in general, pay attention to breast cancer awareness messaging. Making these messages available to all age groups and motivating them to take proactive/preventative measures becomes even more significant, especially with the higher incidence of cancer among women aged 18–40 years in Lebanon.
Sleep Posture Influences Metabolic Rate and Vigilance in the Common Whitethroat (Curruca Communis)
Authors: Pastres Maia , Maggini Ivan , Cardinale Massimiliano , Fusani Leonida , Ferretti Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Synopsis
Migration is an important life-history strategy that is adopted by a significant proportion of bird species from temperate areas. Birds initiate migration after accumulating considerable energy reserves, primarily in the form of fat and muscle. Sustained exercise, such as during the crossing of ecological barriers, leads to the depletion of energy reservesand increased physiological stress. Stopover sites, where birds rest and restore energy, play a fundamental role in mitigating these challenges. The duration of resting at stopover sites is influenced by environmental and physiological conditions upon arrival, and the amount of body fat reserves plays an important role. While sleep is recognized as essential for all organisms, its importance is accentuated during migration, where energy management becomes a survival constraint. Previous research indicated that individuals with larger fat reserves tend to sleep less and favor an untucked sleep posture, influencing energy recovery and anti-predatory vigilance. We explored the relationship between sleep behavior and posture, metabolic state, and energy conservation strategies during migration in the common whitethroat (Curruca communis). We were able to confirm that sleeping in a tucked position results in metabolic energy savings, at the cost of reduced vigilance. However, whitethroats did not show alterations of their sleep patterns as a response to the amount of stored reserves. This suggests that they may not be taking full advantage of the metabolic gains of sleeping in a tucked posture, at least at this stage of their migratory journey. We suggest that, to achieve optimal fuel accumulation and maximize stopover efficiency, whitethroats prioritize increased foraging over modulating their sleep patterns.
The effect of budesonide-formoterol powder inhalation on cough and lung function following thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Jingyao , Hou Zhaoyao , Xia Tian , Liu Chang , Huang Qiangwen , Wei Li 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To explore whether portable budesonide-formoterol powder inhalation can ameliorate cough symptoms and improve pulmonary function recovery in patients who underwent thoracoscopic lung surgery.

METHODS
Clinical data of patients who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary resection at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital between December 2022 and May 2023 were extracted. To evaluate the impact of continuous post-operative use of portable budesonide-formoterol powder inhalation, patients were divided into two groups: the control group and the case group. Next, we compared the Leicester cough score and pulmonary function indexes of the patients before surgery, one month and six month after the operation.

RESULTS
A total of 188 cases were included, and the baseline demographic characteristics of both groups were well-balanced. The internal consistency of the LCQ-MC scale, as indicated by Cronbach’s α coefficients, were all greater than 0.8, and there was no significant difference in LCQ-MC scores between the two groups before the operation (Z=-1.173, P=0.241). Postoperatively, the LCQ-MC score in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (18.66 vs. 16.79, P&lt;0.01), with a notable statistically significant difference in the reduction of LCQ-MC scores between the two groups (1.32 vs. 3.30, P&lt;0.01). Analysis of lung function revealed that patients in the case group exhibited significant improvements in FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, PEF, MMEF75/25, MVV, DLCO and the RV/TLC indexes compared to the control group (P&lt;0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Portable budesonide-formoterol powder inhalation can alleviate cough symptoms and promote pulmonary function recovery in patients following thoracoscopic lung surgery.