bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of hemostatic alterations in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Giordano Paola , Molinari Angelo Claudio , Del Vecchio Giovanni Carlo , Saracco Paola , Russo Giovanna , Altomare Maria , Perutelli Paolo , Crescenzio Nicoletta , Santoro Nicola , Marchetti Marina , De Mattia Domenico , Falanga Anna 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn a group of newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) children we evaluated a number of hemostatic and inflammatory markers at diagnosis and at different time points during chemotherapy for the remission induction to identify alterations in the plasma levels of prothrombotic markers before and during the course of chemotherapy. The following plasma markers were evaluated: thrombin‐antithrombin complex (TAT), D‐Dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1), antithrombin, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen and high molecular weight VWF (HMW‐VWF) multimers, P‐selectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6). Plasma samples were collected at the following time points: at T0 (baseline) and T1 (+24 days of therapy), T2 (+36 days therapy), and T3 (+64 days therapy). The results show that, at diagnosis, ALL children presented with laboratory signs of increased thrombin generation and fibrin formation (i.e. high TAT and D‐dimer levels), fibrinolysis inhibition (i.e. high PAI‐1 level), endothelial activation (i.e., high HMW‐VWF and soluble P‐selectin levels) and inflammation (i.e. high TNF‐alpha and IL‐6 levels). After starting induction therapy, the thrombin generation markers and inflammatory cytokines significantly decreased. To the opposite, PAI‐1 and P‐selectin significantly increased, suggesting an insult by chemotherapy on the vascular endothelium. These effects were more evident during steroid administration. Symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) episodes developed in two cases during induction therapy, which did not allow the evaluation of the predictive value for VTE of laboratory markers. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation of diagnostic criteria for variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Heath Craig A. , Cooper Sarah A. , Murray Katy , Lowman Andrea , Henry Colm , MacLeod Margaret A. , Stewart Gillian E. , Zeidler Martin , MacKenzie Jan M. , Ironside James W. , Summers David M. , Knight Richard S. G. , Will Robert G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveVariant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD), a novel form of human prion disease, was recognized in 1996. The disease affected a younger cohort than sporadic CJD, and the early clinical course was dominated by psychiatric and sensory symptoms. In an attempt to aid diagnosis and establish standardization between surveillance networks, diagnostic criteria were established. These were devised from the features of a small number of cases and modified in 2000 as the clinical phenotype was established. Since then, only minor changes have been introduced; revalidation of the criteria in the current format is overdue.MethodsIncluded in this study are autopsy/cerebral biopsy‐proven cases of vCJD referred to the National CJD Surveillance Unit (NCJDSU) between 1995 and 2004 and suspect cases in which an alternative diagnosis was identified following autopsy/cerebral biopsy.ResultsOver the 10‐year period, 106 definite cases of vCJD and 45 pathologically confirmed “noncases” were identified from the archives of the NCJDSU. The median age at onset of the cases was significantly younger than that of the noncases (27 years [range, 12–74 years] vs 43 years [range, 10–64 years]), and the median duration of illness was significantly shorter (14 months [range, 6–39 months] vs 22 months [range, 2–139 months]). The most commonly identified core clinical feature in cases was dementia; persistent painful sensory symptoms were the least frequent. Eighty‐eight of 106 (83%) vCJD cases were retrospectively classified as probable in life, 6 cases were classified as possible. Most cases were classified as probable on the basis of core clinical features and brain magnetic resonance imaging. To date, the diagnostic criteria remain 100% specific, with no autopsy/cerebral biopsy‐proven noncases classified as probable in life.InterpretationThis study confirms that the diagnostic criteria for vCJD are sensitive and specific and provide a useful standard framework for case classification in a surveillance setting. ANN NEUROL 2010
Key factors affecting the manufacture of hydrophobic ultrafiltration membranes for surface water treatment
Authors: Dang Huyen T. , Rana Dipak , Narbaitz Roberto M. , Matsuura Takeshi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAs part of the development of poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes whose surface is modified by the incorporation of a newly synthesized hydrophobic surface modifying macromolecule (nSMM) additive, this study investigates the impact of four key membrane preparation factors. They are concentration of PES, concentration of nSMM, casting thickness, and casting speed. The synthesis and characterizations of nSMM by nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimeter, and elemental analysis have been presented. The changes in characteristics and performance of the membranes have been evaluated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and solute transport tests. The addition of 0.5 wt % of nSMM increased the contact angle of PES membranes by 20°; however, higher nSMM concentrations did not increase the hydrophobicity any further. Only the additive concentration had a statistically significant impact on flux reduction and dissolved organic carbon rejection. Even though other factors such as membrane thickness may alter the pore characteristics, their effect on membrane performance was marginal. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Water absorbance and thermal properties of sulfated wheat gluten films
Authors: Chiou Bor‐Sen , Robertson George H. , Rooff LuAnn E. , Cao Trung , Jafri Haani , Gregorski Kay S. , Imam Syed H. , Glenn Greg M. , Orts William J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWheat gluten films of various thicknesses formed at 30–70°C were treated with cold sulfuric acid to produce sulfated gluten films. Chemical, thermal, thermal stability, and water uptake properties were characterized for neat and sulfated films. The sulfated gluten films were able to absorb up to 30 times their weight in deionized water. However, this value dropped to 3.5 when the film was soaked in a 0.9% (w/w) NaCl solution. The films were also soaked 4 times in deionized water, and each soaking resulted in a reduced water uptake capacity. The temperature of film formation had no effect on the final water uptake properties. Also, thinner films had higher concentrations of sulfate groups than thicker films; this resulted in higher water uptake values. In addition, sulfated gluten films had comparable glass‐transition temperatures but lower thermal stabilities than the neat gluten films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Crystallization behavior of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites
Authors: Yang Zhe , Peng Hongdan , Wang Weizhi , Liu Tianxi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPoly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL)/layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were prepared successfully via simple solution intercalation. The nonisothermal melt crystallization kinetics of neat PCL and its LDH nanocomposites was investigated with the Ozawa, Avrami, and combined Avrami–Ozawa methods. The Ozawa method failed to describe the crystallization kinetics of the studied systems. The Avrami method was found to be useful for describing the nonisothermal crystallization behavior, but the parameters in this method do not have explicit meaning for nonisothermal crystallization. The combined Avrami–Ozawa method explained the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of PCL and its LDH nanocomposites effectively. The kinetic results and polarized optical microscopy observations indicated that the addition of LDH could affect the mechanism of nucleation and growth of the PCL matrix. The Takhor model was used to analyze the activation energies of nonisothermal crystallization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Melt spinning of poly(vinylidene fluoride) fibers and the influence of spinning parameters on β‐phase crystallinity
Authors: Lund Anja , Hagström Bengt 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe effects of melt‐spinning and cold‐drawing parameters on the formation of β‐phase crystallinity in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers and ways of increasing such crystallinity were studied. Fibers were melt‐spun with four different melt draw ratios (MDRs) and were subsequently cold‐drawn at different draw ratios (λ). The maximum λ value in cold drawing was dependent on the MDR used in melt spinning. The crystalline structure of the fibers was studied mainly with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the degree of crystallinity in the fibers was determined by the MDR and that before cold drawing the crystalline structure of the fibers was predominantly in the α form. By cold drawing, α‐phase crystallites could be transformed into the β phase. It was established that, under certain conditions of melt spinning and cold drawing, PVDF fibers of up to 80% crystallinity, mainly in the β form, could be prepared. It was further proposed that fibers spun at a sufficiently high MDR consist to a large extent of extended‐chain crystals, and this greatly affects the melting point of PVDF. Thus, DSC melting‐point data were shown to be insufficient for determining the crystalline phase of PVDF. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Photoinduced cografting of vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate onto nylon nonwoven fabric for preparing an anion‐exchange sorbent: Optimum cografting conditions and characterization
Authors: Na Choon‐Ki , Park Hyun‐Ju 
Published: January 2010

AbstractVinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were cografted onto nylon fiber by photoirradiation‐induced graft polymerization with benzophenone (BP) as the photoinitiator and methanol (MeOH) as the solvent. The cografted VBTAC afforded an anion‐exchange functionality to the nylon‐g‐HEMA–VBTAC fabric without any further modification. The concentration of each and the ratio of the HEMA and VBTAC monomers in solution were the most important factors determining the degree of grafting and anion‐exchange capacity (AEC) of nylon‐g‐HEMA–VBTAC. With regard to the AEC of the grafted fabric, the optimal HEMA/VBTAC ratio was 10 : 7 (v/w), which gave a molar fraction of VBTAC of 0.286. The photoirradiation time, temperature of the reaction, and concentrations of BP and MeOH were optimized for the cografting of VBTAC and HEMA onto the nylon fabric. The molar ratio of VBTAC units in the grafted polymer was dependent on the photoirradiation time but not on the other parameters. The results showed that the AEC of nylon‐g‐HEMA–VBTAC was governed directly by its VBTAC density rather than by its degree of grafting. The grafted fabric was characterized in terms of its surface area, porosity, and surface charge density by Fourier transform infrared, 13C‐NMR, and scanning electron microscopy studies, and the regeneration efficiency was estimated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Microbial desulfurization for NR ground rubber by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Jiang Guangming , Zhao Suhe , Luo Jingyuan , Wang Yaqin , Yu Wangyang , Zhang Cuiru 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study concentrated on microbial desulfurization for NR ground rubber by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans with sulfur oxidizing capacity. NR ground rubber was desulfurizated in the modified 9K medium during the cultivation of T. ferrooxidans. FTIR–ATR and XPS spectra and the increase of SO in the medium indicated that the main chains of the polymer were not broken by T. ferrooxidans, and SS linkages on the surface of ground rubber were partly oxidized to sulfoxide and sulfone, and at last partly oxidized to SO. Cumulative sulfur convention of ground rubber was 16% (w/w), which means 16% of sulfur has been fully oxidized to SO after 20 days' incubation. A sulfur oxidative scheme was proposed to explain the microbial desulfurization by T. ferrooxidans. Physical properties were determined on carbon black enforced SBR vulcanizates compounded with desulfurizated ground rubber of 40 phr loading. Preferable tensile strength and elongation at break were obtained for SBR vulcanizates filled with desulfurizated ground rubber if compared with that one obtained using ground rubber without modification. Scanning electron microscope photographs and DMA results suggested good interface coherence between desulfurizated ground rubber and SBR matrix. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and properties of electromagnetic wave shielding polymer materials with low flammability
Authors: Volkov V. P. , Zelenetsky A. N. , Shevchenko V. G. , Ponomarenko A. T. , Sizova M. D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNovel polyethylene‐ and polypropylene‐based electromagnetic wave shielding and absorbing composite materials with low combustibility, enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, containing graphite, grinded wood, and fire retardants, were developed and investigated. Flame‐resistance, thermal and mechanical properties of these materials was investigated. Electromagnetic wave reflection coefficients over the frequency range 20–40 GHz were measured; at moderate concentration (10–15%) of functional filler, reflection coefficient can be as low as −16 dB for PE and −11 dB for PP composite, respectively. Coke formation mechanism was investigated, the principal role in this process is attributed to aromatization and condensation of aromatic compounds with the formation of polycyclic aromatic systems, an important role of phosphoric acids in accelerating this process was found. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Novel Fused Pyrrole Heterocyclic Ring Systems as Structure Analogs of LE 300: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation as Serotonin 5‐HT2A, Dopamine and Histamine H1 Receptor Ligands
Authors: Rostom Sherif A. F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLE 300 represents a structurally novel type of antagonists acting preferentially at the dopamine D1/D5 receptors and the serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor. This compound consists of a ten‐membered central azecine ring fused to an indole ring on one side and a benzene moiety on the other side. To estimate the importance of the indole and / or phenyl moieties in this highly active benz‐indolo‐azecine, both rings were removed and replaced with a 1H‐pyrrole counterpart. Accordingly, some new analogs of LE 300 namely, pyrrolo[2,3‐g]indolizine, pyrrolo[3,2‐a]quinolizine rings and their corresponding dimethylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]azonine, and dimethylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]azecine were synthesized to be evaluated for their activity at the 5‐HT2A and dopamine D1, D2L, D4, D5 receptors in relation to LE 300. In addition, their activity at the H1‐histamine receptors was also determined. The results suggested that the rigid pyrrolo[2,3‐g]indolizine 7 and pyrrolo[3,2‐a]quinolizine 8 analogs lacked biological activity in the adopted three bioassays. However, their corresponding flexible pyrrolo[2,3‐d]azonine 11 and pyrrolo[2,3‐d]azecine 12 derivatives revealed weak partial agonistic activity and weak antagonistic potency at the serotonin 5‐HT2A and histamine H1 receptors, respectively. Meanwhile, they showed no affinity to any of the four utilized dopamine receptors. Variation in ring size did not contribute to a significant influence on the three tested bioactivities. Removal of the hydrophobic moiety (phenyl ring) and replacement of the indole moiety with a 1H‐pyrrole counterpart led to a dramatic alteration in the profile of activity of such azecine‐type compounds.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 2‐Substituted‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones as Potent Analgesic and Anti‐inflammatory Agents
Authors: Rather Bilal Ahmad , Raj Tilak , Reddy Aravind , Ishar Mohan Paul S. , Sivakumar Samitha , Paneerselvam Perumal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA novel series of 2‐substituted‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones were synthesized by reacting 3,5‐disubstituted‐anthranilic acid with acetic anhydride/benzoyl chloride, which were further reacted with different primary amines to obtain 2,6,8‐substituted‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones 6a–f, 7, 8. All the synthesized compounds were characterized and screened for analgesic and anti‐inflammatory activities. Compounds 6,8‐dibromo‐2‐phenyl‐3‐(4′‐carboxyl phenyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one 7 and 6,8‐dibromo‐2‐phenyl‐3‐(2′‐phenylethanoic acid)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one 8 displayed good analgesic and anti‐inflammatory activity in comparison to the reference standards acetyl salicylic acid and indomethacin, respectively.
Anticonvulsant and Neurotoxicity Evaluation of Some Novel Kojic Acids and Allomaltol Derivatives
Authors: Aytemir Mutlu Dilsiz , Çalış Ünsal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA series of new 3‐hydroxy‐6‐hydroxymethyl/methyl‐2‐substituted 4H‐pyran‐4‐ones were synthesized and prepared by the reaction of kojic acid or allomaltol with piperidine derivatives and formaline as potential anticonvulsant compounds. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed using the elemental analysis results and the spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H‐NMR, and ESI‐MS. Anticonvulsant activities were examined by maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous Metrazol (scMet)‐induced seizure tests. Neurotoxicity was determined by the rotorod toxicity test. All these tests were performed in accordance with the procedures of the Antiepileptic Drug Development (ADD) program. According to the activity studies and at all doses, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐[(4‐hydroxy‐4‐phenylpiperidin‐1‐yl)methyl]‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (compound 1), 2‐{[4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3,6‐dihydropyridin‐1(2H)‐yl]methyl}‐3‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (compound 6), 2‐[(4‐acetyl‐4‐phenylpiperidin‐1‐yl)methyl]‐3‐hydroxy‐6‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (compound 11), and 2‐{[4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3,6‐dihydropyridin‐1(2H)‐yl] methyl}‐3‐hydroxy‐6‐hydroxymethyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (compound 12) were found to have anticonvulsant activity against MES‐induced seizures at 4 h. Also, 2‐{[4‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐4‐hydroxypiperidin‐1‐yl]methyl}‐3‐hydroxy‐6‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (compound 8) was determined to be the most active compound against scMet‐induced seizures at all doses at 0.5 and 4 h. In the rotorod neurotoxicity screening, all compounds showed no toxicity at all doses.
Improving Wikipedia's credibility: References and citations in a sample of history articles
Authors: Luyt Brendan , Tan Daniel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study evaluates how well the authors of Wikipedia history articles adhere to the site's policy of assuring verifiability through citations. It does so by examining the references and citations of a subset of country histories. The findings paint a dismal picture. Not only are many claims not verified through citations, those that are suffer from the choice of references used. Many of these are from only a few US government Websites or news media and few are to academic journal material. Given these results, one response would be to declare Wikipedia unsuitable for serious reference work. But another option emerges when we jettison technological determinism and look at Wikipedia as a product of a wider social context. Key to this context is a world in which information is bottled up as commodities requiring payment for access. Equally important is the problematic assumption that texts are undifferentiated bearers of knowledge. Those involved in instructional programs can draw attention to the social nature of texts to counter these assumptions and by so doing create an awareness for a new generation of Wikipedians and Wikipedia users of the need to evaluate texts (and hence citations) in light of the social context of their production and use.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Hydrogenation of a Challenging Enamide Derived from 4‐Phenyl‐2‐tetralone: An Appealing Shortcut Towards Enantiopure cis‐2‐Aminotetraline Derivatives
Authors: Lucarini Simone , Alessi Matteo , Bedini Annalida , Giorgini Giorgia , Piersanti Giovanni , Spadoni Gilberto 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA clean, efficient, and diasteroselective (dr >95 %) catalytic hydrogenation of the enamide N‐(4‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)propionamide (2 a) using palladium on carbon is performed. This procedure provides the melatonin receptor ligand (±)‐cis‐4‐phenyl‐2‐propionamidotetralin (cis‐4‐P‐PDOT, 1 a) and its 8‐methoxy analog. Furthermore, Rh and Ru catalyzed homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of the challenging racemic endocyclic enamide 2 a with several chiral phosphine ligands is studied. The best results, in terms of enantioselectivity, for both diastereomers are obtained when chiral Rh‐Josiphos is used as the catalyst.
Untangling the cortex: Advances in understanding specification and differentiation of corticospinal motor neurons
Authors: Shoemaker Lorelei D. , Arlotta Paola 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe mature cerebral cortex contains a staggering variety of projection neuron subtypes, and a number of complementary studies have recently begun to define their identity and embryonic origin. Among the different types of cortical projection neurons, subcerebral projection neurons, including corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN), have been extensively studied and some of the molecular controls over their differentiation have been elucidated. Here, we first provide an overview of the approaches used to purify and molecularly profile neuronal populations of the neocortex and, more broadly, of the central nervous system (CNS). Next, we specifically review recent progress in understanding the genes that define and control development of the CSMN population. Finally, we briefly discuss the relevance of this work to current questions regarding the mechanisms of the establishment of projection neuron subtype identity in the neocortex and its implications to direct the differentiation of CSMN for therapeutic benefit.
Structure of the Complex of [Ru(tpm)(dppz)py]2+ with a B‐DNA Oligonucleotide—A Single‐Substituent Binding Switch for a Metallo‐Intercalator
Authors: Waywell Philip , Gonzalez Veronica , Gill Martin R. , Adams Harry , Meijer Anthony J. H. M. , Williamson Mike P. , Thomas James A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report the synthesis of three new complexes related to the achiral [Ru(tpm)(dppz)py]2+ cation (tpm=tripyridazole methane, dppz=dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine, py=pyridine) that contain an additional single functional group on the monodentate ancillary pyridyl ligand. Computational calculations indicate that the coordinated pyridyl rings are in a fixed orientation parallel to the dppz axis, and that the electrostatic properties of the complexes are very similar. DNA binding studies on the new complexes reveal that the nature and positioning of the functional group has a profound effect on the binding mode and affinity of these complexes. To explore the molecular and structural basis of these effects, circular dichroism and NMR studies on [Ru(tpm)(dppz)py]Cl2 with the octanucleotides d(AGAGCTCT)2 and d(CGAGCTCG)2, were carried out. These studies demonstrate that the dppz ligand intercalates into the G2–A3 step, with {Ru(tpm)py} in the minor groove. They also reveal that the complex intercalates into the binding site in two possible orientations with the pyridyl ligand of the major conformer making close contact with terminal base pairs. We conclude that substitution at the 2‐ or 3‐position of the pyridine ring has little effect on binding, but that substitution at the 4‐position drastically disrupts intercalative binding, particularly with a 4‐amino substituent, because of steric and electronic interactions with the DNA. These results indicate that complexes derived from these systems have the potential to function as sequence‐specific light‐switch systems.