bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Stress Effects on Statistical Learning and Episodic Memory
Authors: Sherman Brynn E. , Huang Isabella , Wijaya Elaine G. , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. , Goldfarb Elizabeth V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Stress is widely considered to negatively impact hippocampal function, thus impairing episodic memory. However, the hippocampus is not merely the seat of episodic memory. Rather, it also (via distinct circuitry) supports statistical learning. On the basis of rodent work suggesting that stress may impair the hippocampal pathway involved in episodic memory while sparing or enhancing the pathway involved in statistical learning, we developed a behavioral experiment to investigate the effects of acute stress on both episodic memory and statistical learning in humans. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: stress (socially evaluated cold pressor) immediately before learning, stress ∼15 min before learning, or no stress. In the learning task, participants viewed a series of trial-unique scenes (allowing for episodic encoding of each image) in which certain scene categories reliably followed one another (allowing for statistical learning of associations between paired categories). Memory was assessed 24 hr later to isolate stress effects on encoding/learning rather than retrieval. We found modest support for our hypothesis that acute stress can amplify statistical learning: Only participants stressed ∼15 min in advance exhibited reliable evidence of learning across multiple measures. Furthermore, stress-induced cortisol levels predicted statistical learning retention 24 hr later. In contrast, episodic memory did not differ by stress condition, although we did find preliminary evidence that acute stress promoted memory for statistically predictable information and attenuated competition between statistical and episodic encoding. Together, these findings provide initial insights into how stress may differentially modulate learning processes within the hippocampus.
Religious Reformation and Ethical Transformation in the Hatata of Zera Yaeqob and Welda Heywat
Authors: Merawi Fasil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Hatatas of Zera Yaeqob and Welda Heywat are seen as the precursors of a written Ethiopian philosophy. Commentators on these texts such as Claude Sumner and Teodros Kiros argue that, one is able to locate the Cartesian mode of subjectivity in the Hatatas. Against this, this paper argues that the form of subjectivity found in the Hatatas of Zera Yaeqob and Welda Heywat is not fully demythologized and dwells in the background of religious authority, and therefore should not be identified with the Cartesian conception of the human subject. Alternatively, I argue that the goal of the Hatatas is attaining religious reformation. The form of subjectivity found in the Hatatas is founded on communal life and religious experience. The paper concludes that the Hatatas of Zera Yaeqob and Welda Heywat should be read as a call for religious renewal and ethical transformation.
On the Function and Nature of Historical Counterfactuals. Clarifying Confusions
Authors: Virmajoki Veli 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, I analyze historical counterfactuals. Historical counterfactuals are conditional statements in which the antecedent refers to some change in the past. We ask what would have happened, had that change occurred. I discuss the nature of such counterfactuals. I then identify important functions that historical counterfactuals have. I point out that they are at the heart of explanations and, therefore, reveal issues related to contingency and actual history. I then discuss counterfactual reasoning in historiography. I argue that the problem of suitable antecedent conditions has been exaggerated, and more serious issues concern the tracking of counterfactual scenarios. Throughout the paper, I argue that the interventionist way of thinking about historical counterfactuals clarifies both historical explanations and the nature of historical counterfactuals and should be adopted as the standard. I conclude by noting that historical counterfactuals may not fundamentally differ from more familiar forms of historiography.
‘Here is the Thing’: On Object, Ground and Background in the History of Art and Images
Authors: Stumpel Jeroen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Space-rendering devices as perspective (Albertian, before and beyond) were a special by-product of a human universal wish to render objects. It is argued that this impulse lies at the root of human image production. On the basis of this assumption a taxonomy is presented, or rather a basic syntax, of images, of which perspective is an exceptional variant; an outsider case a sense, which for all kinds of reasons has come to dominate our thinking and analysis of pictures.
The endemic Hawaiian mealybug genus Phyllococcus Ehrhorn, 1916 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae): redescription of the type species and description of a new species on an endangered host plant, Cryptocarya mannii (Lauraceae)
Authors: PERCY DIANA M. , WATSON GILLIAN W. , HODGSON CHRIS J. 
Published: May 2024

The endemic Hawaiian mealybug genus Phyllococcus Ehrhorn (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) was erected in 1916 as a monotypic genus for a gall-inducing mealybug collected on the island of Oahu on Urera sandwicensis (now referred to genus Touchardia) (Urticaceae) in 1911. The species induces deep horn-shaped galls on the leaves of the host plant. Here we redescribe the adult female and adult male of Ph. oahuensis (Ehrhorn) and designate a lectotype; and we report a new record for Ph. oahuensis from the island of Maui. Additionally, we describe the adult female and second- and third-instar female nymphs of a new gall-inducing Phyllococcus species, Ph. cryptocaryae Percy, Watson & Hodgson, sp. n., found in galls on the leaves of Cryptocarya mannii (Lauraceae) in the central Waianae Mountains on Oahu. Also found galling the same host plant, and often in close proximity on the same leaf, were immatures of the triozid psyllid, Paurotriozana adaptata Caldwell, 1940 (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae). Both the new mealybug and the triozid psyllid appear to be geographically restricted to the only remaining tree of C. mannii on Oahu and are therefore extremely vulnerable to extinction.
In Situ Observations of Rain Rate and Precipitation Microphysics over the Coastal Area of South China: Perspectives for Satellite Validation
Authors: Xie Xinxin , Xiao Xiao , He Jieying , Garfias Pablo Saavedra , Li Tiejian , Yu Xiaoyu , Gu Songyan , Guo Yang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates precipitation observed by a set of collocated ground-based instruments in Zhuhai, a coastal city located at the southern tip of the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province in South China. Seven months of ground-based observations from a tipping-bucket rain gauge (RG), two laser disdrometers (PARSIVEL and Present Weather Sensor 100 (PWS)], and a vertically pointing Doppler Micro Rain Radar-2 (MRR), spanning from December 2021 to July 2022, are statistically evaluated to provide a reliable reference for China’s spaceborne precipitation measurement mission. Rainfall measurement discrepancies are found between the instruments though the collocated deployment mitigates uncertainties originating from spatial/temporal variabilities of precipitation. The RG underestimates hourly rain amounts at the observation site, opposite to previous studies, leading to a percent bias (Pbias) of 18.2% of hourly rain amounts when compared to the PARSIVEL. With the same measurement principle, the hourly accumulated rain between the two laser disdrometers has a Pbias of 15.3%. Discrepancies between MRR and disdrometers are assumed to be due to different temporal/spatial resolution, instrument sensitivities, and observation geometry, with a Pbias of mass-weighted mean diameter and normalized intercept parameter of gamma size distribution less than 9%. The vertical profiles of drop size distribution (DSD) derived from the MRR are further examined during extreme rainfalls in the East Asian monsoon season (May, June, and July). Attributed to the abundant moisture which favors the growth of raindrops, coalescence is identified as the predominant effective process, and the raindrop mass-weighted mean diameter increases by 33.7% when falling from 2000 to 600 m during the extreme precipitation event in May.

Significance Statement
The performance and reliability of ground-based observations during precipitation scenarios are evaluated over the coastal area of South China, in preparation for China’s spaceborne precipitation measurement mission. A comparison study, which is carried out to assess the accuracy of rainfall and drop size distribution (DSD), demonstrates that the observation results are relatively reliable though discrepancies between the instruments still exist, while the accompanying microphysical process during extreme precipitation can be quantified with profiling capabilities at the observatory. An accurate and reliable rainfall characterization over the coastal region in South China can contribute to the validation of satellite rainfall products and provide further insights into the microphysical parameterization schemes during extreme precipitation.
A within-subject examination of grandparents’ physical activity and sedentary behavior levels in the presence or absence of grandchild care provision
Authors: Vanhove Maxine , D’Hondt Eva , Verhavert Yanni , Deliens Tom , Deforche Benedicte , Vermote Marie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to examine within-subject differences in levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among Flemish grandparents aged 50 years and older during a day of providing versus not providing grandchild care. Additionally, grandparents’ PA and SB levels of the specific caregiving moment within the included care day were also compared with those of the corresponding specific time frame on the matching non-care day.

Methods
Data were obtained and pooled from three assessment time points of the Healthy Grandparenting Project. Objectively measured PA and SB levels were assessed through ActiGraphs wGT3x(+) worn during waking hours for seven consecutive days and expressed relative to the total wear time of the selected days or moments (i.e., percentage of time per day or per moment). Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the within-subject differences in grandparents’ light intensity PA (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and SB levels between a care and non-care day as well as between the care and non-care moment of those respective days.

Results
A total of 92 grandparents (64.6 ± 4.8 years, 67.4% women) were included in the analyses. During the care day and care moment, grandparents showed higher relative levels of LIPA (∆=4.0% and ∆=7.9%, respectively) and lower relative levels of SB (∆=3.7% and ∆=6.7%, respectively) as compared to their respective non-care day and non-care moment (all p < 0.001). While there was no significant difference in relative MVPA levels between a day of providing versus not providing grandchild care (∆=0.3%, p = 0.500), the grandparents showed significantly lower relative levels of MVPA during the specific care moment against the non-care moment (∆=1.3%, p = 0.029).

Conclusions
The higher percentage of time of LIPA and lower percentage of time spent on SB during a care day and care moment compared to a non-care day and non-care moment, highlight the positive impact of grandchild care provision on grandparents’ activity levels, potentially improving other health-related outcomes. Furthermore, grandparents seem to compensate for their lower MVPA levels during the actual care moment since no differences in MVPA levels were found at day level when compared to a day without grandchild care.

Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NTC04307589. Registered March 2020.
Identification of circRNAs expression profiles and functional networks in parotid gland of type 2 diabetes mouse
Authors: Huang Yan , Liu Hui-Min , Mao Qian-Ying , Wu Li-Ling , Xiang Ruo-Lan , Yu Guang-Yan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel kind of non-coding RNAs proved to play crucial roles in the development of multiple diabetic complications. However, their expression and function in diabetes mellitus (DM)-impaired salivary glands are unknown.

Results
By using microarray technology, 663 upregulated and 999 downregulated circRNAs companied with 813 upregulated and 525 downregulated mRNAs were identified in the parotid glands (PGs) of type2 DM mice under a 2-fold change and P < 0.05 cutoff criteria. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis of upregulated mRNAs showed enrichments in immune system process and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased inflammatory cytokines were observed in diabetic PGs. Seven differently expressed circRNAs validated by qRT-PCR were selected for coding-non-coding gene co-expression (CNC) and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks analysis. PPAR signaling pathway was primarily enriched through analysis of circRNA-mRNA networks. Moreover, the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks highlighted an enrichment in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton.

Conclusion
The inflammatory response is elevated in diabetic PGs. The selected seven distinct circRNAs may attribute to the injury of diabetic PG by modulating inflammatory response through PPAR signaling pathway and actin cytoskeleton in diabetic PGs.
Integrated mRNA and miRNA analysis reveals the regulatory network of oxidative stress and inflammation in Coilia nasus brains during air exposure and salinity mitigation
Authors: Gao Jun , Mang Qi , Liu Yuqian , Sun Yi , Xu Gangchun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Air exposure is an inevitable source of stress that leads to significant mortality in Coilia nasus. Our previous research demonstrated that adding 10‰ NaCl to aquatic water could enhance survival rates, albeit the molecular mechanisms involved in air exposure and salinity mitigation remained unclear. Conversely, salinity mitigation resulted in decreased plasma glucose levels and improved antioxidative activity. To shed light on this phenomenon, we characterized the transcriptomic changes in the C. nasus brain upon air exposure and salinity mitigation by integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis.

Results
The plasma glucose level was elevated during air exposure, whereas it decreased during salinity mitigation. Antioxidant activity was suppressed during air exposure, but was enhanced during salinity mitigation. A total of 629 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 791 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected during air exposure, while 429 DEMs and 1016 DEGs were identified during salinity mitigation. GO analysis revealed that the target genes of DEMs and DEGs were enriched in biological process and cellular component during air exposure and salinity mitigation. KEGG analysis revealed that the target genes of DEMs and DEGs were enriched in metabolism. Integrated analysis showed that 24 and 36 predicted miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs participating in regulating glucose metabolism, Ca2+ transport, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Interestingly, most of these miRNAs were novel miRNAs.

Conclusion
In this study, substantial miRNA-mRNA regulation pairs were predicted via integrated analysis of small RNA sequencing and RNA-Seq. Based on predicted miRNA-mRNA regulation and potential function of DEGs, miRNA-mRNA regulatory network involved in glucose metabolism and Ca2+ transport, inflammation, and oxidative stress in C. nasus brain during air exposure and salinity mitigation. They regulated the increased/decreased plasma glucose and inhibited/promoted antioxidant activity during air exposure and salinity mitigation. Our findings would propose novel insights to the mechanisms underlying fish responses to air exposure and salinity mitigation.
Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of yellow-flowered crocuses to infer alternative sources of saffron metabolites
Authors: Nemati Zahra , Kazemi-Shahandashti Seyyedeh-Sanam , Garibay-Hernández Adriana , Mock Hans-Peter , Schmidt Maximilian H.-W. , Usadel Björn , Blattner Frank R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The increasing demand for saffron metabolites in various commercial industries, including medicine, food, cosmetics, and dyeing, is driven by the discovery of their diverse applications. Saffron, derived from Crocus sativus stigmas, is the most expensive spice, and there is a need to explore additional sources to meet global consumption demands. In this study, we focused on yellow-flowering crocuses and examined their tepals to identify saffron-like compounds.

Results
Through metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches, our investigation provides valuable insights into the biosynthesis of compounds in yellow-tepal crocuses that are similar to those found in saffron. The results of our study support the potential use of yellow-tepal crocuses as a source of various crocins (crocetin glycosylated derivatives) and flavonoids.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that yellow-tepal crocuses have the potential to serve as a viable excessive source of some saffron metabolites. The identification of crocins and flavonoids in these crocuses highlights their suitability for meeting the demands of various industries that utilize saffron compounds. Further exploration and utilization of yellow-tepal crocuses could contribute to addressing the growing global demand for saffron-related products.
Reversible encephalitis-like episodes in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome: a case report
Authors: Zhong Shaoping , Liu Jianying , Lian Yangye , Zhou Binbin , Wang Xin , Ding Jing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by CGG repeat expansion of FMR1 gene. Both FXTAS and neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) belong to polyglycine diseases and present similar clinical, radiological, and pathological features, making it difficult to distinguish these diseases. Reversible encephalitis-like attacks are often observed in NIID. It is unclear whether they are presented in FXTAS and can be used for differential diagnosis of NIID and FXTAS.

Case presentation
A 63-year-old Chinese male with late-onset gait disturbance, cognitive decline, and reversible attacks of fever, consciousness impairment, dizziness, vomiting, and urinary incontinence underwent neurological assessment and examinations, including laboratory tests, electroencephalogram test, imaging, skin biopsy, and genetic test. Brain MRI showed T2 hyperintensities in middle cerebellar peduncle and cerebrum, in addition to cerebellar atrophy and DWI hyperintensities along the corticomedullary junction. Lesions in the brainstem were observed. Skin biopsy showed p62-positive intranuclear inclusions. The possibilities of hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, epileptic seizures, and cerebrovascular attacks were excluded. Genetic analysis revealed CGG repeat expansion in FMR1 gene, and the number of repeats was 111. The patient was finally diagnosed as FXTAS. He received supportive treatment as well as symptomatic treatment during hospitalization. His encephalitic symptoms were completely relieved within one week.

Conclusions
This is a detailed report of a case of FXTAS with reversible encephalitis-like episodes. This report provides new information for the possible and rare features of FXTAS, highlighting that encephalitis-like episodes are common in polyglycine diseases and unable to be used for differential diagnosis.
Clinical features and treatment outcomes of liver involvement in paediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Ge Xinshun , Ou Wenxin , Wei Ang , Lian Hongyun , Ma Honghao , Cui Lei , Wang Dong , Zhang Liping , Wang Xiaoman , He Lejian , Zhang Rui , Wang Tianyou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is the most common histiocytic disorder in children, and liver involvement in LCH is rare. This retrospective study reported the clinical features and prognosis of patients with hepatic LCH. Liver involvement was defined by histopathological findings, liver dysfunction or abnormalities, or ultrasound imaging. A total of 130 patients (14.5%) with hepatic LCH out of 899 in the LCH population were enrolled. Patients with liver involvement had greater frequencies of skin, lung, hearing system, and haematologic system involvement, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (P<0.001, 0.001, 0.002, 0.009, and <0.001, respectively). Overall survival and progression-free survival were lower in LCH patients with liver involvement than in those without liver involvement (P<0.001 and <0.001). In patients with liver involvement, the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were lower in patients with cholangitis than in those without cholangitis (P<0.020 and 0.030). For the treatment response, the response rate of hepatic LCH patients to initial first-line therapy (n=89) was 22.5%. However, there was no significant difference in the response rate or recurrence rate between patients who shifted from first-line treatment to second-line treatment (n=29) or to targeted therapy (n=13) (P=0.453 and 1.000). The response rate of hepatic LCH patients who received initial second-line therapy (n=13) was 38.5%. Two of these patients subsequently experienced bone recurrence. The response rate of hepatic LCH patients who received initial targeted therapy (n=16) was 75.0%. Three patients subsequently experienced recurrence, including 2 in the bone and 1 in the liver and skin. A total of 39.3% of patients who received second-line treatment had severe myelosuppression (grade III-IV), and 50.8% had varying degrees of gastrointestinal events, whereas there was no severe toxicity in patients who received first-line treatment and targeted therapy. Four patients underwent liver transplantation because of liver cirrhosis. The patients’ liver disease improved within a follow-up period of 18-79 months. This study demonstrated that LCH with liver involvement, especially cholangitis, indicates a poor prognosis. Targeted therapy provides a good treatment response and less toxicity. However, it may relapse after withdrawal. Liver transplantation is still a reliable salvage option for patients with end-stage liver disease.