bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implants (3.3 mm Diameter) for the Rehabilitation of Edentulous Posterior Regions: A Retrospective Clinical Study with Up to 11 Years of Follow‐Up
Authors: Maló Paulo , de Araújo Nobre Miguel 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: There is limited evidence for the use of narrow‐diameter implants for rehabilitation of the posterior regions of the jaws using different surgical techniques.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the clinical results of implant‐supported prosthetic rehabilitations in the posterior regions of both jaws, using narrow‐diameter implants.Materials and Methods: The study included 147 patients (115 males and 32 females), with an age range of 26 to 77 years (mean = 47.5 years), with a total of 247 implants inserted and followed between 1 and 11 years, with a median follow‐up time of 5 years. The patients were in need of fixed prosthetic implant‐supported rehabilitations in the posterior region of the jaw, presenting a reduced interradicular bone or a thin alveolar crest. The implant survival estimate was computed using the Kaplan–Meier product limit estimator.Results: The survival rate for narrow diameter implants was 95.1% at 11 years (Kaplan–Meier), with a distribution of 91.4% at 11 years, 95.9% at 10 years, and 95.5% at 9 years for the two‐stage, one‐stage, and immediate function techniques, respectively. The mean marginal bone resorption recorded at 1, 5, and 10 years were 1.16, 1.53, and 1.74 mm, respectively. Backward conditional logistic regression identified “type of implant” as a strong protective factor against implant failure (MkIII and NobelSpeedy implants compared to the MkII implant; OR = 0.14), and “type of rehabilitation” as a strong risk factor for implant failure (partial rehabilitations compared to single teeth rehabilitations; OR = 4.75).Conclusions: The results indicate that within the limitations of this study, the use of narrow‐diameter implants for the prosthetic rehabilitation of posterior regions of the jaws is viable, with good outcomes in the long‐term, irrespective of the surgical technique implemented.
Evaluation of Different Methods of Indirect Sinus Floor Elevation for Elevation Heights of 10 mm: An Experimental Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Stelzle Florian , Benner Klaus‐Ulrich 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to macroscopically and microscopically evaluate different methods of indirect sinus floor elevation regarding elevation heights of 10 mm.Materials and Methods: Four different methods of indirect sinus floor elevation‐osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE), bone added osteotome sinus floor elevation (BAOSFE), piezo‐ surgical sinus floor elevation (PSFE), and sinus floor elevation with an inflatable balloon, balloon‐lift‐control system (BLC) – were macroscopically and microscopically investigated ex vivo using 36 bisected pigs’ heads.Results: OSFE and BAOSFE perforated the Schneiderian membrane, whereas the inflatable balloon caused no laceration. PSFE elevated the mucosa without laceration as well, but was technically restricted to an elevation height of 5 mm. BAOSFE, PSFE, and BLC separated the mucosa, leaving the periosteum on the bone. OSFE completely lifted the soft tissue from the bone, including the periosteum.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that balloon elevation of the sinus floor may extend the indication for indirect sinus floor elevation for elevation heights of up to 10 mm. The histological elevation layer seems to be non‐uniform in the different sinus floor elevation methods. Further in vivo experiments have to prove these findings as well as their relevance regarding the clinical outcome of sinus floor augmentation.
Inlay versus Onlay Iliac Bone Grafting in Atrophic Posterior Mandible: A Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial for the Comparison of Two Techniques
Authors: Felice Pietro , Pistilli Roberto , Lizio Giuseppe , Pellegrino Gerardo , Nisii Alessandro , Marchetti Claudio 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: To compare the efficacy of inlay and onlay bone grafting techniques in terms of vertical bone formation and implant outcomes for correcting atrophic posterior mandibles.Materials and Methods: Twenty surgical sites were assigned to two treatment groups, inlay and onlay, with iliac crest as donor site. After 3 to 4 months, 43 implants were placed and loaded 4 months later. The median follow up after loading was 18 months.Results: For the inlay versus onlay group, median bone gain was 4.9 versus 6.5 mm (p = .019), median bone resorption was 0.5 versus 2.75 mm (p < .001), and median final vertical augmentation was 4.1 versus 4 mm (p = .190). The implant survival rate was 100% in both groups, while the implant success rate was 90% versus 86.9% (p = .190, not significant). A minor and major complication rate of 20% and 10%, respectively, for both groups was encountered.Conclusions: Inlay results in less bone resorption and more predictable outcomes, but requires an experienced surgeon. In contrast, onlay results in greater bone resorption and requires a bone block graft oversized in height, but involves a shorter learning curve. Once implant placement has been carried out, the outcomes are similar for both procedures.
Game Vertebrate Densities in Hunted and Nonhunted Forest Sites in Manu National Park, Peru
Authors: Endo Whaldener , Peres Carlos A. , Salas Edith , Mori Sandra , Sanchez‐Vega Jose‐Luis , Shepard Glenn H. , Pacheco Victor , Yu Douglas W. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTManu National Park of southern Peru is one of the most renowned protected areas in the world, yet large‐bodied vertebrate surveys conducted to date have been restricted to Cocha Cashu Biological Station, a research station covering <0.06 percent of the 1.7 Mha park. Manu Park is occupied by >460 settled Matsigenka Amerindians, 300–400 isolated Matsigenka, and several, little‐known groups of isolated hunter–gatherers, yet the impact of these native Amazonians on game vertebrate populations within the park remains poorly understood. On the basis of 1495 km of standardized line‐transect censuses, we present density and biomass estimates for 23 mammal, bird, and reptile species for seven lowland and upland forest sites in Manu Park, including Cocha Cashu. We compare these estimates between hunted and nonhunted sites within Manu Park, and with other Neotropical forest sites. Manu Park safeguards some of the most species‐rich and highest biomass assemblages of arboreal and terrestrial mammals ever recorded in Neotropical forests, most likely because of its direct Andean influence and high levels of soil fertility. Relative to Barro Colorado Island, seed predators and arboreal folivores in Manu are rare, and generalist frugivores specializing on mature fruit pulp are abundant. The impact of such a qualitative shift in the vertebrate community on the dynamics of plant regeneration, and therefore, on our understanding of tropical plant ecology, must be profound. Despite a number of external threats, Manu Park continues to serve as a baseline against which other Neotropical forests can be gauged.Abstract in Spanish is available athttp://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/loi/btp.
Tree Diversity, Forest Structure and Productivity along Altitudinal and Topographical Gradients in a Species‐Rich Ecuadorian Montane Rain Forest
Authors: Homeier Jürgen , Breckle Siegmar‐W. , Günter Sven , Rollenbeck Rütger T. , Leuschner Christoph 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTWe studied the spatial heterogeneity of tree diversity, and of forest structure and productivity in a highly diverse tropical mountain area in southern Ecuador with the aim of understanding the causes of the large variation in these parameters. Two major environmental gradients, elevation and topography, representing a broad range of climatic and edaphic site conditions, were analyzed. We found the highest species richness of trees in valleys <2100 m. Valleys showed highest values of basal area, leaf area index and tree basal area increment as well. Tree diversity also increased from ridges to valleys, while canopy openness decreased. Significant relationships existed between tree diversity and soil parameters (pH, total contents of Mg, K, Ca, N and P), and between diversity and the spatial variability of pH and Ca and Mg contents suggesting a dependence of tree diversity on both absolute levels and on the small‐scale heterogeneity of soil nutrient availability. Tree diversity and basal area increment were positively correlated, partly because both are similarly affected by soil conditions. We conclude that the extraordinarily high tree species richness in the area is primarily caused by three factors: (1) the existence of steep altitudinal and topographic gradients in a rather limited area creating a small‐scale mosaic of edaphically different habitats; (2) the intermingling of Amazonian lowland plant species, that reach their upper distribution limits, and of montane forest species; and (3) the geographical position of the study area between the humid eastern Andean slope and the dry interandean forests of South Ecuador.
Pollen Tube Growth: a Delicate Equilibrium Between Secretory and Endocytic Pathways
Authors: Moscatelli Alessandra , Idilli Aurora Irene 
Published: August 2009

Abstract Although pollen tube growth is a prerequisite for higher plant fertilization and seed production, the processes leading to pollen tube emission and elongation are crucial for understanding the basic mechanisms of tip growth. It was generally accepted that pollen tube elongation occurs by accumulation and fusion of Golgi‐derived secretory vesicles (SVs) in the apical region, or clear zone, where they were thought to fuse with a restricted area of the apical plasma membrane (PM), defining the apical growth domain. Fusion of SVs at the tip reverses outside cell wall material and provides new segments of PM. However, electron microscopy studies have clearly shown that the PM incorporated at the tip greatly exceeds elongation and a mechanism of PM retrieval was already postulated in the mid‐nineteenth century. Recent studies on endocytosis during pollen tube growth showed that different endocytic pathways occurred in distinct zones of the tube, including the apex, and led to a new hypothesis to explain vesicle accumulation at the tip; namely, that endocytic vesicles contribute substantially to V‐shaped vesicle accumulation in addition to SVs and that exocytosis does not involve the entire apical domain. New insights suggested the intriguing hypothesis that modulation between exo‐ and endocytosis in the apex contributes to maintain PM polarity in terms of lipid/protein composition and showed distinct degradation pathways that could have different functions in the physiology of the cell. Pollen tube growth in vivo is closely regulated by interaction with style molecules. The study of endocytosis and membrane recycling in pollen tubes opens new perspectives to studying pollen tube‐style interactions in vivo.
Testing and Implementing the Use of Multiple Bidding Rounds in Conservation Auctions: A Case Study Application
Authors: Rolfe John , Windle Jill , McCosker Juliana 
Published: August 2009

Conservation auctions are typically framed as closed, discriminatory, single round, first‐price auctions, and are based on the assumption that landholders will offer bids determined by their “independent private values.” Where landholders are unfamiliar with conservation tender processes and the supply of environmental services, they may find it very difficult to construct bids in this way. Bid values may be influenced by other factors, such as concerns about “winner's curse,” a desire to capture economic rent, and premiums for risk and uncertainty factors. Sealed, single round auctions may exacerbate information gaps and uncertainty factors because of the limited information flows compared to traditional market exchanges and open, ascending auctions. In this paper, the cost efficiencies of a multiple bidding round auction for landholder management actions are explored with the use of field experiments and a conservation auction. The case study application is improved grazing management in a rangeland area of Australia, where landholders are unfamiliar with supplying environmental services or conservation auctions. Results suggest that multiple round auctions may be associated with efficiency gains, particularly in initial rounds. Les enchères pour la conservation sont généralement des enchères au premier prix, à un tour, discriminatoires et par offre écrite. Elles reposent sur l’hypothèque que les offres des propriétaires fonciers refléteront leur ≪valeur privée≫. Lorsque les propriétaires fonciers ne sont pas familiers avec les processus d’enchères pour la conservation et la prestation de services environnementaux, ils peuvent éprouver de la difficultéà attribuer une valeur à leur offre. Cette valeur peut‐être influencée par d’autres facteurs, tels que la crainte de la ≪malédiction du vainqueur ≫, le désir de réaliser une rente économique, les primes de risque et les facteurs d’incertitude. Les enchères scellées à un tour peuvent aggraver le manque d’information et les facteurs d’incertitude étant donné que les enchérisseurs disposent de peu d’information comparativement aux enchères ascendantes ouvertes traditionnelles. Dans le présent article, nous avons examiné, à l’aide d’expériences sur le terrain et d’enchères pour la conservation, l’efficacité‐coût d’une enchère à tours multiples pour des mesures de gestion de la part de propriétaires fonciers. L’exercice visait à améliorer la gestion des pâturages d’un parcours naturel en Australie, où les propriétaires fonciers ne sont pas familiers avec la prestation de services environnementaux ni avec les enchères pour la conservation. Les résultats autorisent à penser que les enchères à tours multiples pourraient offrir des gains d’efficience, particulièrement durant les premiers tours.
Consumer Response to Information about a Functional Food Product: Apples Enriched with Antioxidants
Authors: Markosyan Armenak , McCluskey Jill J. , Wahl Thomas I. 
Published: August 2009

Interest in functional foods has been growing as consumers become increasingly concerned with diet and nutrition. This article measures consumers' responses to apples enriched with an antioxidant coating. Antioxidant‐enriched apples are believed to provide additional health benefits reducing the risk of cancer and heart diseases. We discuss the consumer's benefit‐risk trade‐offs. Although functional food products provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, some consumers may reject them because they utilize new technology. Face‐to‐face consumer surveys with contingent valuation questions were conducted in Seattle and Spokane, Washington in 2006. Consumers who choose where to shop based on organic availability are less likely to pay a premium for apples enriched with antioxidants. Also, there is evidence that consumers in Spokane are more likely to pay a premium for the product than consumers in supermarkets in Seattle. Information regarding the potential health benefits of antioxidants has a positive significant effect on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP). The estimated mean WTP suggests that there is a small premium associated with this product in the mind of an average consumer. L'intérêt pour les aliments fonctionnels ne cesse de croître étant donné que les consommateurs s'intéressent de plus en plus au régime alimentaire et à la nutrition. Le présent article évalue la réaction des consommateurs à la vente de pommes enrobées d'antioxydants. On croit que les pommes enrichies d'antioxydants procureraient des bienfaits supplémentaires pour la santé en diminuant le risque de cancer et de cardiopathies. Nous avons examiné les avantages et les risques pour le consommateur. Bien que les aliments fonctionnels apportent des bienfaits pour la santé en plus d'une nutrition de base, certains consommateurs peuvent les refuser parce qu'ils ont nécessité l'utilisation de nouvelles technologies. En 2006, nous avons effectué, à Seattle et à Spokane dans l'État de Washington, des sondages en personne à l'aide de l'approche des préférences exprimées. Les consommateurs qui choisissaient un magasin d'alimentation en fonction de la disponibilité de produits biologiques étaient moins enclins à payer une prime pour obtenir des pommes enrichies d'antioxydants. Les consommateurs de Spokane ont semblé plus enclins à payer une prime pour ce produit que les consommateurs qui fréquentaient les supermarchés de Seattle. L'information sur les bienfaits potentiels des antioxydants sur la santé a des répercussions positives considérables sur la volonté de payer des consommateurs. La volonté de payer moyenne estimative laisse supposer que, dans l'esprit du consommateur moyen, ce produit procure un certain avantage.
The Role of Income in Trading‐Differentiated Agri‐Food Products: The Case of Canada, the United States, and Selected EU Countries
Authors: Haq Zahoor , Meilke Karl 
Published: August 2009

This study investigates the role of income in determining the agri‐food exports of a subset of EU countries, Canada, and the United States by estimating per capita bilateral trade flows for 42 individual products categorized into nine product sectors across 52 countries for the period 1990–2000. About 43% of the total observations of bilateral trade flows for the selected regions and products are zero. Therefore, the fixed‐effects Heckman Maximum Likelihood estimation procedure is used to account for the zero observations. The results show that, in general, the three regions (Canada, the EU countries, United States) face statistically significant and positive income elasticities from developing countries. However, only Canadian and United States’ exports of agri‐food products benefit from elastic income elasticities. Middle‐income developing countries are the growth market of the future as growth in their expenditures on agri‐food imports outpaces the growth in their per capita incomes. Homotheticity is consistently rejected for Canada and the EU and less often for the United States. Thus, income plays an important role in agri‐food trade; however, further investigation is needed to better understand the forces that generate rather widely divergent results across countries and products. Dans la présente étude, nous avons examiné le rôle du revenu sur les exportations agroalimentaires de certains pays de l’Union européenne (UE), du Canada et des États‐Unis en estimant les échanges commerciaux bilatéraux par habitant de 42 produits issus de neuf secteurs de production dans 52 pays, pour la période allant de 1990 à 2000. Environ 43 p. 100 des observations d’échanges commerciaux bilatéraux pour les pays et les produits choisis étaient égales à zéro. Nous avons utilisé la méthode d’estimation du maximum de vraisemblance d’Heckman pour tenir compte des échanges nuls. Les résultats ont montré que, en règle générale, les trois zones (Canada, pays de l’UE et États‐Unis) sont confrontées aux élasticités−revenu positives et statistiquement significatives des pays en développement. Toutefois, seules les exportations canadiennes et étatsuniennes de produits agroalimentaires bénéficient d’une élasticité‐revenu élevée. Les pays en développement à revenu intermédiaire sont les marchés en expansion de l’avenir puisque la croissance de leurs importations agroalimentaires dépasse la croissance de leur revenu par habitant. L’homothéticité est systématiquement rejetée dans le cas du Canada et l’UE, et l’est moins souvent dans le cas des États‐Unis. Le revenu joue un rôle important dans le commerce agroalimentaire; toutefois, il faudrait effectuer des recherches supplémentaires afin de mieux comprendre les forces qui génèrent des résultats fort divergents entre les pays et les produits.
Thermal Treatment of Eight CVOC Source Zones to Near Nondetect Concentrations
Authors: Heron Gorm , Parker Ken , Galligan Jim , Holmes Thomas C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn situ thermal desorption (ISTD) was used for the treatment of eight separate source zones containing chlorinated solvents in a tight loess (silt/clay) above the water table. The source areas were as much as 365 m (1200 feet) apart. A target volume of 38,200 m3 (49,950 cubic yards) of subsurface material to a depth of 9.1 m (30 feet) was treated in a period of 177 days. Energy was delivered through 367 thermal conduction heater borings, and vapors were extracted from 68 vertical vacuum wells. A vapor extraction and capture system, including a surface cover and vertical vacuum wells next to heater borings, provided for effective pneumatic control and capture of the chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) vapors. A central treatment system, based on condensation and granular activated carbon filtration, was used to treat the vapors. Approximately 5675 kg (12,500 pounds) of contaminants was recovered in the extracted vapors. Forty‐seven soil samples were used to document remedial performance. Based on these, the concentrations of the target contaminants were reduced to below the target remedial goals in all eight areas, typically with concentrations below 0.01 mg/kg in locations that had had CVOC concentrations higher than 1000 mg/kg. Turn‐key costs for the thermal remediation were $3.9 million, and the unit treatment cost, including all utilities, was $103 per cubic meter treated ($79 per cubic yard).
Condom Provision and Education in Minnesota Public Schools: A Telephone Survey of Parents*
Authors: Eisenberg Marla E. , Bernat Debra H. , Bearinger Linda H. , Resnick Michael D. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Increasing correct and consistent condom use among sexually active adolescents continues to be a critical public health goal, with schools serving as key agents for achieving this goal through sexuality education and condom use provision. This research aims to describe the views of parents regarding school‐based condom distribution and education programs, and examines how these views differ across demographic groups.METHODS: Parents of school‐age children in Minnesota were surveyed in telephone interviews (N = 1605; 63% participation) regarding their beliefs about condom availability and education. Chi‐square tests of significance were used to detect differences in agreement with each statement for 10 demographic and personal characteristics.RESULTS: A majority of respondents held supportive views about condom availability and education programs. Strongest support centered on statements in the survey about teenagers needing information about condoms (86%) and showing actual condoms during classroom lessons (77%). Approximately two thirds of the parents agreed that school‐based instruction about condoms should be “allowed” at the high school level (65%), and one fifth (21%) believed that this type of education should be “required.” Support for condom availability and education programs differed significantly according to certain personal characteristics, with less supportive views from self‐identified Born Again Christians and politically conservative parents.CONCLUSIONS: Public discourse regarding school‐based sexuality education should include the viewpoints of parents of school‐aged children as key stakeholders. Parents' perspectives provide unique and critical insights that school administrators and educators should consider as they develop educational and programmatic offerings regarding condoms.