bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Among Injury and Disordered Eating, Menstrual Dysfunction, and Low Bone Mineral Density in High School Athletes: A Prospective Study
Authors: Rauh Mitchell J. , Nichols Jeanne F. , Barrack Michelle T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractContext:Prior authors have reported associations among increased risk of injury and factors of the female athlete triad, as defined before the 2007 American College of Sports Medicine position stand, in collegiate and adult club sport populations. Little is known about this relationship in an adolescent competitive sports population.Objective:To examine the relationship among disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density (BMD) and musculoskeletal injury among girls in high school sports.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:The sample consisted of 163 female athletes competing in 8 interscholastic sports in southern California during the 2003–2004 school year. Each participant was followed throughout her respective sport season for occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries.Main Outcome Measure(s):Data collected included daily injury reports, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire that assessed disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan that measured BMD and lean tissue mass, anthropometric measurements, and a questionnaire on menstrual history and demographic characteristics.Results:Sixty-one athletes (37.4%) incurred 90 musculoskeletal injuries. In our BMD z score model of ≤−1 SD, a history of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea during the past year and low BMD (z score ≤−1 SD) were associated with the occurrence of musculoskeletal injury during the interscholastic sport season. In our BMD z score model of ≤−2 SDs, disordered eating (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire score ≥4.0), a history of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea during the past year, and a low BMD (z score ≤−2 SDs) were associated with musculoskeletal injury occurrence.Conclusions:These findings indicate that disordered eating, oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, and low BMD were associated with musculoskeletal injuries in these female high school athletes. Programs designed to identify and prevent disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction and to increase bone mass in athletes may help to reduce musculoskeletal injuries.
A Description of Shock Attenuation for Children Running
Authors: Mercer John A. , Dufek Janet S. , Mangus Brent C. , Rubley Mack D. , Bhanot Kunal , Aldridge Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Context:
A growing number of children are participating in organized sport activities, resulting in a concomitant increase in lower extremity injuries. Little is known about the impact generated when children are running or how this impact is attenuated in child runners.

Objective:
To describe shock attenuation characteristics for children running at different speeds on a treadmill and at a single speed over ground.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Biomechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Eleven boys (age  =  10.5 ± 0.9 years, height  =  143.7 ± 8.3 cm, mass  =  39.4 ± 10.9 kg) and 7 girls (age  =  9.9 ± 1.1 years, height  =  136.2 ± 7.7 cm, mass  =  35.1 ± 9.6 kg) participated.

Intervention(s):
Participants completed 4 running conditions, including 3 treadmill (TM) running speeds (preferred, fast [0.5 m/s more than preferred], and slow [0.5 m/s less than preferred]) and 1 overground (OG) running speed.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We measured leg peak impact acceleration (LgPk), head peak impact acceleration (HdPk), and shock attenuation (ratio of LgPk to HdPk).

Results:
Shock attenuation (F2,16  =  4.80, P  =  .01) was influenced by the interaction of speed and sex. Shock attenuation increased across speeds (slow, preferred, fast) for boys (P &lt; .05) but not for girls (P &gt; .05). Both LgPk (F1,16  =  5.04, P  =  .04) and HdPk (F1,16  =  6.04, P  =  .03) were different across speeds, and both were greater for girls than for boys. None of the dependent variables were influenced by the interaction of setting (TM, OG) and sex (P ≥ .05). Shock attenuation (F1,16  =  33.51, P &lt; .001) and LgPk (F1,16  =  31.54, P &lt; .001) were different between TM and OG, and each was greater when running OG than on the TM, regardless of sex.

Conclusions:
Shock attenuation was between 66% and 76% for children running under a variety of conditions. Girls had greater peak impact accelerations at the leg and head levels than boys but achieved similar shock attenuation. We do not know how these shock attenuation characteristics are related to overuse injuries.
Investigation of Baseline Self-Report Concussion Symptom Scores
Authors: Piland Scott G. , Ferrara Michael S. , Macciocchi Stephen N. , Broglio Steven P. , Gould Trenton E. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Context:
Self-reported symptoms (SRS) scales comprise one aspect of a multifaceted assessment of sport-related concussion. Obtaining SRS assessments before a concussion occurs assists in determining when the injury is resolved. However, athletes may present with concussion-related symptoms at baseline. Thus, it is important to evaluate such reports to determine if the variables that are common to many athletic environments are influencing them.

Objective:
To evaluate the influence of a history of concussion, sex, acute fatigue, physical illness, and orthopaedic injury on baseline responses to 2 summative symptom scales; to investigate the psychometric properties of all responses; and to assess the factorial validity of responses to both scales in the absence of influential variables.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Athletic training facilities of 6 National Collegiate Athletic Association institutions.

Patients or Other Participants:
The sample of 1065 was predominately male (n  =  805) collegiate athletes with a mean age of 19.81 ± 1.53 years.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Participants completed baseline measures for duration and severity of concussion-related SRS and a brief health questionnaire.

Results:
At baseline, respondents reporting a previous concussion had higher composite scores on both scales (P ≤ .01), but no sex differences were found for concussion-related symptoms. Acute fatigue, physical illness, and orthopaedic injury increased composite SRS scores on both duration and severity measures (P ≤ .01). Responses to both scales were stable and internally consistent. Confirmatory factor analysis provided strong evidence for the factorial validity of the responses of participants reporting no fatigue, physical illness, or orthopaedic injury on each instrument.

Conclusions:
A history of concussion, acute fatigue, physical illness, and orthopaedic injury increased baseline SRS scores. These conditions need to be thoroughly investigated and controlled by clinicians before baseline SRS measures are collected.
Retention and Attrition Factors for Female Certified Athletic Trainers in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Bowl Subdivision Setting
Authors: Goodman Ashley , Mensch James M. , Jay Michelle , French Karen E. , Mitchell Murray F. , Fritz Stacy L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractContext:Organizational effectiveness and the continuity of patient care can be affected by certain levels of attrition. However, little is known about the retention and attrition of female certified athletic trainers (ATs) in certain settings.Objective:To gain insight and understanding into the factors and circumstances affecting female ATs' decisions to persist in or leave the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (NCAA D-I FBS) setting.Design:Qualitative study.Setting:The 12 NCAA D-I FBS institutions within the Southeastern Conference.Patients or Other Participants:A total of 23 women who were current full-time ATs (n  =  12) or former full-time ATs (n  =  11) at Southeastern Conference institutions participated.Data Collection and Analysis:Data were collected via in-depth, semistructured interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed via a grounded theory approach. Peer review and member checking methods were performed to establish trustworthiness.Results:The decision to persist involved 4 main factors: (1) increased autonomy, (2) increased social support, (3) enjoyment of job/fitting the NCAA D-I mold, and (4) kinship responsibility. Two subfactors of persistence, the NCAA D-I atmosphere and positive athlete dynamics, emerged under the main factor of enjoyment of job/fitting the NCAA D-I mold. The decision to leave included 3 main factors: (1) life balance issues, (2) role conflict and role overload, and (3) kinship responsibility. Two subfactors of leaving, supervisory/coach conflict and decreased autonomy, emerged under the main factor of role conflict and role overload.Conclusions:A female AT's decision to persist in or leave the NCAA D-I FBS setting can involve several factors. In order to retain capable ATs long term in the NCAA D-I setting, an individual's attributes and obligations, the setting's cultural issues, and an organization's social support paradigm should be considered.
Adherence to Drug-Dispensation and Drug-Administration Laws and Guidelines in Collegiate Athletic Training Rooms: A 5-Year Review
Authors: Kahanov Leamor , Roberts Jeff , Wughalter Emily M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Context:
To both ensure athletes' safety and avoid legal penalties, athletic trainers' (ATs') handling of medications in the athletic training room should conform with federal and state statutes.

Objective:
To revisit drug dispensation and administration in collegiate athletic training rooms 5 years after the initial study.

Design:
Survey study.

Setting:
College and university athletic training rooms.

Patients or Other Participants:
All 4627 certified ATs employed in National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I, II, and III and National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics institutions, as listed by the National Athletic Trainers' Association, were surveyed.

Data Collection and Analysis:
The survey was created for the 2001 study based on federal laws. We used analyses of variance to study compliance by division (I, II, or III) and sex and by sex and employment status (head or assistant AT).

Results:
A total of 2330 ATs (N  =  4627, 50%) provided 1535 usable responses. For comparison with the 2001 data, only head ATs' responses were included (n  =  670). In general, drug distribution compliance scores among head ATs were low (mean  =  6.37 ± 0.15, range  =  0–25 points). The ATs were less compliant when handling over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Only 55.5% of ATs stored medications in a locked cabinet, compared with 67.1% in 2001. A large number of ATs administered OTC drugs in any amount necessary (n  =  689, 44%), and 3.6% (n  =  55) allowed athletes access without any consultation, compared with 53.8% and 4.9%, respectively, in 2001. However, prescription medication practices improved since the first study. Also, we noted a main effect of employment status (F1,934  =  5.57, P &lt; .05): head ATs were less compliant than assistant ATs.

Conclusions:
Compared with 5 years ago, ATs appear to be more compliant with federal statutes regarding prescription drug regulation. A thorough understanding of appropriate OTC medication administration practices still appears to be lacking.
Radiation doses during chest examinations using dose modulation techniques in multislice CT scanner
Authors: Livingstone Roshan S , Pradip Joe , Dinakran Paul M , Srikanth B 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the radiation dose and image quality using a manual protocol and dose modulation techniques in a 6-slice CT scanner. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and twenty-one patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT of the chest were included in the study. For the manual protocol settings, constant tube potential (kV) and tube current-time product (mAs) of 140 kV and 120 mAs, respectively, were used. The angular and z-axis dose modulation techniques utilized a constant tube potential of 140 kV; mAs values were automatically selected by the machine. Effective doses were calculated using dose-length product (DLP) values and the image quality was assessed using the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio values. Results: Mean effective doses using manual protocol for patients of weights 40-60 kg, 61-80 kg, and 81 kg and above were 8.58 mSv, 8.54 mSv, and 9.07 mSv, respectively. Mean effective doses using z-axis dose modulation for patients of weights 40-60 kg, 61-80 kg, and 81 kg and above were 4.95 mSv, 6.87 mSv, and 10.24 mSv, respectively. The SNR at the region of the liver for patients of body weight of 40-60 kg was 5.1 H, 6.2 H, and 8.8 H for manual, angular, and z-axis dose modulation, respectively. Conclusion: Dose reduction of up to 15% was achieved using angular dose modulation and of up to 42% using z-axis dose modulation, with acceptable diagnostic image quality compared to the manual protocol.
Objective structured clinical examination in radiology
Authors: Agarwal Anurag , Batra Bipin , Sood AK , Ramakantan Ravi , Bhargava Satish K , Chidambaranathan N , Indrajit IK 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThere is a growing need for introducing objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) as a part of radiology practical examinations in India. OSCE is an established, reliable, and effective multistation test for the assessment of practical professional skills in an objective and a transparent manner. In India, it has been successfully initiated and implemented in specialties like pediatrics, ophthalmology, and otolaryngology. Each OSCE station needs to have a pre-agreed "key-list" that contains a list of objective steps prepared for uniformly assessing the tasks given to students. Broadly, OSCE stations are classified as "manned" or "unmanned" stations. These stations may include procedure or pictorial or theory stations with clinical oriented contents. This article is one of a series of measures to initiate OSCE in radiology; it analyzes the attributes of OSCE stations and outlines the steps for implementing OSCE. Furthermore, important issues like the advantages of OSCE, its limitations, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, and the timing of introduction of OSCE in radiology are also covered. The OSCE format in radiology and its stations needs to be validated, certified, and finalized before its use in examinations. This will need active participation and contribution from the academic radiology fraternity and inputs from faculty members of leading teaching institutions. Many workshops/meetings need to be conducted. Indeed, these collaborative measures will effectively sensitize universities, examiners, organizers, faculty, and students across India to OSCE and help successfully usher in this new format in radiology practical examinations.
Accreditation standards for medical imaging services
Authors: Zaidi Zainab 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe rapid changes in the healthcare system, with revolutionary advancements in imaging, along with the lack of any existing imaging standards in our country, have raised the need for an accreditation structure. The Quality Council of India (QCI) has therefore introduced standards for medical imaging services, focusing on the control of services, personnel, imaging processes and procedures, facility and environment, equipment, and documentation, as well as risk control and safety. This article deals briefly with the standards structured by the QCI for accreditation of imaging services.
Isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection
Authors: Lalitha Palle , Reddy Balaji 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIsolated superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection without involvement of the aorta and the SMA origin is unusual. We present a case of an elderly gentleman who had chronic abdominal pain, worse after meals. CT angiography, performed on a 64-slice CT scanner, revealed SMA dissection with a thrombus. A large artery of Drummond was also seen. The patient was managed conservatively.
Retrorectal hamartoma: A ′tail′ of two cysts!
Authors: Peter Prasant , George Uttam , Peacock Mark 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRetrorectal hamartomas or tail gut cysts are rare congenital anomalies most commonly seen in a retrorectal location; most common in middle aged women. This article describes the radiological appearance in two cases of tail gut cysts in males, one a child with a visible perianal swelling since birth and the other, a 72-year-old man with symptoms for one week. In both, the tailgut cysts were in a right perirectal location. Presentation in such a location in males, at extremes of age, is unusual for tailgut cysts.
Elemental mercury poisoning caused by subcutaneous and intravenous injection: An unusual self-injury
Authors: Wale Jaywant , Yadav Pankaj K , Garg Shairy 
Published: May 2010

AbstractElemental mercury poisoning most commonly occurs through vapor inhalation as mercury is well absorbed through the lungs. Administering subcutaneous and intravenous elemental mercury is very uncommon but with only a few isolated case reports in the literature. We present an unusual case of elemental mercury poisoning in a 20-year-old young male who presented with chest pain, fever, and hemoptysis. He had injected himself subcutaneously with elemental mercury obtained from a sphygmomanometer. The typical radiographic findings in the chest, forearm, and abdomen are discussed, with a review of the literature.
Biomimetic Carbonate–Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals Prepared by Vapor Diffusion
Authors: Iafisco Michele , Morales Jaime Gómez , Hernández‐Hernández María Angeles , García‐Ruiz Juan Manuel , Roveri Norberto 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBiomimetic carbonate–hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals have been synthesized by using the sitting drop vapor diffusion technique, for the first time. The method consists of diffusing vapors of an aqueous solution of NH4HCO3 through drops containing an aqueous mixture of (CH3COO)2Ca and (NH4)2HPO4 in order to increase slowly their pH. This synthesis has been performed in a crystallization mushroom, a glass device developed for protein and small molecules crystallization. The concentrations of the reagents, the final pH and the crystallization time have been optimized to produce pure carbonate–HA as a single phase. X‐Ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have been utilized to characterize the synthesized carbonated substituted HA crystals which display nanometric dimensions, plate‐like morphology, and low crystallinity degree, closely resembling the inorganic phase of bones, teeth, and many pathological calcifications. This novel method may prove to be suitable for the study of the interactions and/or the co‐crystallization of hydroxyapatite with minute amounts of biomolecules, polymers, or drugs.
Diet traditions in wild orangutans
Authors: Bastian Meredith L. , Zweifel Nicole , Vogel Erin R. , Wich Serge A. , van Schaik Carel P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study explores diet differences between two populations of wild Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) to assess whether a signal of social learning can be detected in the observed patterns. The populations live in close proximity and in similar habitats but are separated by a river barrier that is impassable to orangutans in the study region. We found a 60% between‐site difference in diet at the level of plant food items (plant species–organ combinations). We also found that individuals at the same site were more likely to eat the same food items than expected by chance. These results suggest the presence of diet (food selection) traditions. Detailed tests of three predictions of three models of diet acquisition allowed us to reject a model based on exclusive social learning but could not clearly distinguish between the remaining two models: one positing individual exploration and learning of food item selection and the other one positing preferential social learning followed by individual fine tuning. We know that maturing orangutans acquire their initial diet through social learning and then supplement it by years of low‐level, individual sampling. We, therefore, conclude that the preferential social learning model produces the best fit to the geographic patterns observed in this study. However, the very same taxa that socially acquire their diets as infants and show evidence for innovation‐based traditions in the wild paradoxically may have diets that are not easily distinguished from those acquired exclusively through individual learning. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:175–187, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitrophenoxy groups containing polybenzimidazoles as polymer electrolytes for fuel cells: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Kulkarni Mahesh , Potrekar Ravindra , Kulkarni R.A. , Vernekar S. P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPolybenzimidazoles containing different contents of pendant nitrophenoxy groups were prepared by condensation of 3,3′‐diamino‐benzidine with a mixture of 3,5‐dicarboxyl‐4′‐nitro diphenyl ether and isophthalic acid (IPA) in different ratios in polyphosphoric acid. The polymers are soluble in polar aprotic solvents, they have inherent viscosities in the range of 0.75–1.10 dL g−1 and they form tough and transparent films on solution casting. They have good thermal stability with initial decomposition temperature ranging from 380 to 416°C in nitrogen, good tensile strength ranging from 56 to 65 MPa and reasonably good oxidative stability. Phosphoric acid uptake of these polymers is low compared with PBI and membranes doped with phosphoric acid exhibit good proton conductivity in the range of 6.6× 10−3 to 1.9× 10−2 S/cm at 25°C and 1.2× 10−2 to 4.9× 10−2 S/cm at 175°C, compared with 3.9× 10−3 S/cm at 25°C and 3.2× 10−2 S/cm at 175°C for PBI. These membranes are suitable for applications as polymer electrolyte for fuel cell and presumably for gas separation at high temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010