bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Effective Colorimetric and Visual Detection of ATP by a DNAzyme–Aptamer Sensor
Authors: Liu Fang , Zhang Juan , Chen Rong , Chen Lingli , Deng Le 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new and simple method was developed to detect adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by using a DNAzymeaptamer sensor. The DNAzyme used was a single‐stranded DNA that could combine with hemin. The aptamer, a single, short nucleic acid sequence that can specifically bind with many targets, was an anti‐ATP aptamer. Two DNA sequences were designed: i) a functional chain (Chain A) consisting of two parts, i.e., the anti‐ATP aptamer (recognition part) and the DNAzyme (signal transduction part) and ii) a blocker chain (Chain B), which could partially hybridize with Chain A. The hybridized chains A and B were unfolded by the addition of ATP and hemin, and the blocker chain and the complex of the functional chain with ATP and hemin were in solution. The DNAzyme in the functional chain formed a G‐quadruplex with hemin and then catalyzed the oxidation by H2O2 of 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS2−) to the colored ABTS.− radical. The color change caused by this reaction could be clearly observed by naked eye, and the absorbance was recorded at 414 nm. The detection limit was 1×10−6 M.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of a Novel Series of 2‐(1,2‐Dihydro‐3‐oxo‐3H‐pyrazol‐2‐yl)benzothiazoles
Authors: Stella Alessandro , Segers Kenneth , De Jonghe Steven , Vanderhoydonck Bart , Rozenski Jef , Anné Jozef , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe 2‐(1,2‐dihydro‐3‐oxo‐3H‐pyrazol‐2‐yl)benzothiazole scaffold was selected as a central core structure for the discovery of novel antibacterial compounds. A systematic variation of the substituents on the oxo‐pyrazole moiety, as well as on the benzo moiety, led to the creation of a small and focused library of benzothiazoles that was subjected to antibacterial screening. In a first round of screening, activity of the compounds against six representative microorganisms was established. For the most potent congeners, MIC values against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were determined. The structureactivity relationship study clearly revealed that subtle structural variations influence the antibacterial activity to a large extent. The most potent congeners displayed MIC values of 3.30 μM.
Heparin Inhibits Membrane Interactions and Lipid‐Induced Fibrillation of a Prion Amyloidogenic Determinant
Authors: Bazar Ehud , Sheynis Tania , Dorosz Jerzy , Jelinek Raz 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs), particularly heparin, are known to reduce the toxicities of various amyloidogenic proteins. The molecular factors underlying the antitoxic effects of GAGs, however, are still not fully understood. Because interactions of amyloidogenic proteins and their aggregates with membranes are believed to play major roles in affecting amyloid pathogenesis, our objective in this study was to elucidate the effect of heparin on membrane interactions of the 21‐residue amyloidogenic determinant of the prion protein [PrP(106–126)]. Indeed, the experimental results indicate that heparin significantly interferes in membrane interactions of the prion peptide. Specifically, we show that there is direct competition for binding of PrP(106–126) between heparin on the one hand and negatively charged phospholipids on the other hand. The data reveal that heparin, even in very low molar concentrations, exhibited high affinity towards PrP(106–126) and consequently suppressed interactions of the peptide with lipid vesicles. Interestingly, whereas heparin significantly inhibited lipid‐induced PrP(106–126) fibrillation, it still promoted fibril formation in aqueous solutions independently of the lipid vesicles present. Our results strongly suggest that the primary effects of GAGs in attenuating amyloid toxicities are due to blocking of membrane interactions of the amyloidogenic proteins rather than modulation of their fibrillation properties.
Biofuel cells Based on the Immobilization of Photosynthetically Active Bioentities
Authors: Meunier Christophe F. , Yang Xiao‐Yu , Rooke Joanna C. , Su Bao‐Lian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNatural photosynthesis is a highly efficient process that uses sunlight irradiation to convert carbon dioxide into value‐added biomass. This review summarizes the recent advances in the transformation of solar energy into electrical power through the exploitation of photosynthetically active proteins, organelles, and living cells. During the past decade, the considerable progress made in bioentities immobilization offers the possibility to integrate biological systems into electronic devices. Even though solar energy technologies are gaining increasing attention, photosynthetic biofuel cells are still in their infancy. Advances in materials science are necessary to protect, stabilize, and even increase the catalytic performance of bioentities. Moreover, host materials could guarantee higher loading and better electrical charge transport, which would be crucial in the commercial success of biofuel cells. In the future, such semi‐artificial hybrid assemblies could hold promise as sustainable sources of energy.
Mental Health and Sleep in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation Patients From the General Population
Authors: Ariansen Inger , Dammen Toril , Abdelnoor Michael , Tveit Arnljot , Gjesdal Knut 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:Anxiety and depression has been found in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients referred to secondary care. Little is known about the level of such distress in AF patients from the general population.Hypothesis:Permanent AF patients from the general population might have more anxiety, depression, and sleep impairment than subjects in sinus rhythm.Methods:Patients with permanent AF and controls in sinus rhythm were recruited from a 75‐year‐old cohort from 2 Norwegian municipalities. The main outcome variables were anxiety and depression, measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and sleep quality measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score. Short Form 36 (SF‐36) was also completed.Results:Twenty‐seven patients with permanent AF and 71 subjects in sinus rhythm participated. No significant score differences were found between AF patients and controls for HADS anxiety (median, inter quartile range, 3 [1, 5] vs 4 [1, 6]; HADS depression, 3 [1,6] vs 2 [1,4]; and PSQI 6 [3, 11] vs 5 [4, 8]). AF patients had significantly poorer scores for SF‐36 physical functioning, physical role, general health, vitality, and social functioning compared to subjects in sinus rhythm.Conclusions:Elderly permanent AF patients from the general population had similar levels of anxiety, depression, and sleep quality, despite poorer physical health‐related quality of life compared to controls in sinus rhythm. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was supported by unrestricted grants from the governmental Health Region South‐East, Norway, and from the Stein Erik Hagen Foundation for Clinical Heart Research, Norway. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Identification of a gene‐expression signature for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with early stage cervical carcinoma
Authors: Huang Long , Zheng Min , Zhou Qing‐Min , Zhang Mei‐Ying , Jia Wei‐Hua , Yun Jing‐Ping , Wang Hui‐Yun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) is an important prognostic factor for patients with cervical carcinoma. The objective of this study was to identify a gene‐expression signature that could predict PLNM in cervical carcinoma.METHODS:Eighty‐eight women with cervical carcinoma with PLNM (n = 23) and without PLNM (n = 65) were divided randomly into a training group and a test group. An oligonucleotide microarray that contained probes for 1440 human cancer‐related genes was fabricated in‐house and was used to detect the gene expression profile of cervical carcinoma. The gene expression levels detected in the microarray were verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).RESULTS:A gene‐expression signature for predicting PLNM was developed in patients from the training group, including 11 genes: ribosomal protein L35 (RPL35); thymosin β 10 (TMSB10); tyrosine 3‐mono‐oxytenase/tryptophan 5‐mono‐oxygenase activation protein, ζ polypeptide (YWHAZ); biotinidase (BTD); lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA); glucuronidase β (GUSB); superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2); nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 (NR3C2); fructosamine 3 kinase (FN3K); x‐ray repair cross‐complementing 4 (XRCC4); and wingless‐type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family member 2 (WNT2). In the test group, the signature's accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 91%, 90.9%, 93.9%, 83.3%, and 96.9%, respectively, for predicting PLNM. The expression levels of 5 genes in the signature were confirmed by qRT‐PCR. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with 11‐gene high‐risk scores were had a 33‐fold increased risk for PLNM compared with patients who had low‐risk scores. The 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates for patients who had 11‐gene high‐risk scores were marginally significantly lower than the rates for patients who had 11‐gene low‐risk scores (P = .087 and P = .174, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:In this study, 11‐gene signature for predicting PLNM in cervical carcinoma was identified that may help clinicians in planning therapy for patients with cervical carcinoma. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Aromatase (CYP19) promoter gene polymorphism and risk of nonviral hepatitis‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Koh Woon‐Puay , Yuan Jian‐Min , Wang Renwei , Govindarajan Sugantha , Oppenheimer Rowena , Zhang Zhen Quan , Yu Mimi C. , Ingles Sue Ann 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Experimental studies suggest that sex hormones may induce or promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Androgens are converted to estrogens by the CYP19 gene product, aromatase. Hepatic aromatase level and activity have been shown to be markedly elevated in HCC. Aromatase expression in liver tumors is driven by a promoter upstream of CYP19 exon I.6.METHODS:First, the authors identified an A/C polymorphism in the exon I.6 promoter of the CYP19 gene. To determine whether allelic variants in the CYP19 I.6 promoter differ in their ability to drive gene expression, we carried out an in vitro reporter gene assay. Then, the authors studied the association between this polymorphism and HCC risk in 2 complementary case‐control studies: 1 in high‐risk southern Guangxi, China, and another in low‐risk US non‐Asians of Los Angeles County.RESULTS:Transcriptional activity was 60% higher for promoter vectors carrying the rs10459592 C allele compared with those carrying an A allele (P = .007). In both study populations, among subjects negative for at‐risk serologic markers of hepatitis B or C, there was a dose‐dependent association between number of high activity C allele and risk of HCC (Ptrend = .014). Risk of HCC was significantly higher (odds ratio [OR], 2.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18‐4.31) in subjects homozygous for the C allele compared with those homozygous for the A allele.CONCLUSIONS:This study provides epidemiologic evidence for the role of hepatic aromatization of androgen into estrogen in the development of nonviral hepatitis‐related HCC. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
N‐cadherin regulates primary motor axon growth and branching during zebrafish embryonic development
Authors: Brusés Juan L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractN‐cadherin is a classical type I cadherin that contributes to the formation of neural circuits by regulating growth cone migration and the formation of synaptic contacts. This study analyzed the role of N‐cadherin in primary motor axons growth during development of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. After exiting the spinal cord, primary motor axons migrate ventrally through a common pathway and form the first neuromuscular junction with the muscle pioneer cells located at the horizontal myoseptum, which serves as a choice point for cell‐type‐specific pathway selection. Analysis of N‐cadherin mutants (cdh2hi3644Tg) and embryos injected with N‐cadherin antisense morpholinos showed primary motor axons extending aberrant axonal branches at the choice point in ∼40% of the somitic hemisegments and an ∼150% increase in the number of branches per axon length within the ventral myotome. Analysis of individual axons trajectories showed that the caudal (CaP) and rostral (RoP) motor neurons axons formed aberrant branches at the choice point that abnormally extended in the rostrocaudal axis and ventrally to the horizontal myoseptum. Expression of a dominant‐interfering N‐cadherin cytoplasmic domain in primary motor neurons caused some axons to stall abnormally at the horizontal myoseptum and to impair their migration into the ventral myotome. However, in N‐cadherin‐depleted embryos, the majority of primary motor axons innervated their appropriate myotomal territories, indicating that N‐cadherin regulates motor axon growth and branching without severely affecting the mechanisms that control axonal target selection. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1797–1814, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Light‐ and dopamine‐regulated receptive field plasticity in primate horizontal cells
Authors: Zhang Ai‐Jun , Jacoby Roy , Wu Samuel M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCenter‐surround antagonistic receptive fields (CSARFs) are building blocks for spatial vision and contrast perception. Retinal horizontal cells (HCs) are the first lateral elements along the visual pathway, and are thought to contribute to receptive field surrounds of higher order neurons. Primate HC receptive fields have not been found to change with light, and dopaminergic modulation has not been investigated. Recording intracellularly from HCs in dark‐adapted macaque retina, we found that H1‐HCs had large receptive fields (λ = 1,158 ± 137 μm) that were reduced by background light (−45%), gap junction closure (−53%), and D1 dopamine receptor activation (−48%). Tracer coupling was modulated in a correlative manner, suggesting that coupling resistance plays a dominant role in receptive field formation under low light conditions. The D1 antagonist SCH23390 increased the size of receptive fields (+13%), suggesting tonic dopamine release in the dark. Because light elevates dopamine release in primate retina, our results support a dopaminergic role in post‐receptoral light adaptation by decreasing HC receptive field diameters, which influences the center‐surround receptive field organization of higher‐order neurons and thereby spatial contrast sensitivity. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2125–2134, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution, level, pharmacology, regulation, and signaling of 5‐HT6 receptors in rats and marmosets with special reference to an experimental model of parkinsonism
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqun , Andren Per E. , Glennon Richard A. , Svenningsson Per 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSerotonin 5‐HT6 receptors have been implicated in the regulation of cognition, locomotion, and mood, but the elucidation of their functions is complicated by conflicting data using various animal models. Here, a systematic evaluation showed that autoradiographic binding with the selective 5‐HT6 receptor antagonist [125I]SB‐258585 was similar in marmosets and rats. In both species, [125I]SB‐258585 binding was enriched in the caudate‐putamen. Various recently developed agonists and antagonists toward 5‐HT6 receptors exhibited similarities in their abilities to displace [125I]SB‐258585 binding in marmosets and rats. The rank order of pEC50 values were as follows: (+)EMDT‐CR = EMD386088>MS‐245 = 5‐HT>EMDT>>(−)EMDT‐CR; and (+)EMDT‐CR = EMD386088>5‐HT = MS‐245 = EMDT>>(−)EMDT‐CR, in marmosets and rats, respectively. Unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine lesioning of dopaminergic axons caused a significant decrease of [125I]SB‐258585 binding in the caudate‐putamen of both marmosets and rats. Nonetheless, acute administration of the 5‐HT6 receptor agonist EMDT to unilaterally 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats, caused an induction of egr‐1, homer, and enkephalin mRNAs in the dopamine‐depleted hemisphere, indicating a supersensitization of 5‐HT6 receptors following dopamine depletion. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for significant similarities in the distribution, level, pharmacology, and regulation of 5‐HT6 receptors between rats and marmosets. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1815–1827, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical characterization of the neuropeptide S system in the mouse brain by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Clark Stewart D. , Duangdao Dee M. , Schulz Stefan , Zhang Li , Liu Xiaobin , Xu Yan‐Ling , Reinscheid Rainer K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNeuropeptide S (NPS) is the endogenous ligand for GPR154, now referred to as neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR). Physiologically, NPS has been characterized as a modulator of arousal and has been shown to produce anxiolytic‐like effects in rodents. Neuroanatomical analysis in the rat revealed that the NPS precursor mRNA is strongly expressed in the brainstem in only three distinct regions: the locus coeruleus area, the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, and the lateral parabrachial nucleus. NPSR mRNA expression in the rat is widely distributed, with the strongest expression in the olfactory nuclei, amygdala, subiculum, and some cortical structures, as well as various thalamic and hypothalamic regions. Here we report a comprehensive map of NPS precursor and receptor mRNA expression in the mouse brain. NPS precursor mRNA is only expressed in two regions in the mouse brainstem: the Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus and the pericoerulear area. Strong NPSR mRNA expression was found in the dorsal endopiriform nucleus, the intra‐midline thalamic and hypothalamic regions, the basolateral amgydala, the subiculum, and various cortical regions. In order to elucidate projections from NPS‐producing nuclei in the brainstem to NPSR‐expressing structures throughout the brain, we performed immunohistochemical analysis in the mouse brain by using two polyclonal anti‐NPS antisera. The distribution of NPS‐immunopositive fibers overlaps well with NPSR mRNA expression in thalamic and hypothalamic regions. Mismatches between NPSR expression and NPS‐immunoreactive fiber staining were observed in hippocampal, olfactory, and cortical regions. These data demonstrate that the distribution pattern of the central NPS system is only partially conserved between mice and rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1867–1893, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of chronic anorexia nervosa: a 4‐year follow‐up of adult patients treated in an acute inpatient setting
Authors: Long Clive G. , Fitzgerald Kirsty‐Anne , Hollin Clive R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDespite evidence from a number of long‐term follow‐up studies of anorexia nervosa that nearly 50% of patients eventually make a full recovery, controlled trials of psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa are lacking. Those with severe and enduring problems represent a considerable therapeutic challenge. Thirty‐four consecutive adult referrals to the inpatient treatment unit who fulfilled Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa were examined pre‐admission, post‐discharge and 4 years after admission. Characteristics of remitted and non‐remitted patients were examined. Secondary analyses considered the differences between patients with anorexia nervosa, restricting type and anorexia nervosa binging/purging type. The findings highlight a number of differences between patients with anorexia nervosa (restricting type) versus anorexia nervosa (binging/purging type) as well as remitted versus non‐remitted patients. The use of a comprehensive battery of assessments found that resolution of eating disorder symptomatology was paralleled by improvements in emotional and psychological distress and improvement in body image perception and coping skills. Better results were obtained for those who had continuity of care on an outpatient basis. This pattern is particularly significant given the more ‘chronic’ nature of the sample that were older, with a higher incidence of binge‐eating and purging than previous samples. Results provide some encouragement for the treatment of those adults with anorexia nervosa who typically have less favourable outcomes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Patients with chronic anorexia nervosa provide a significant therapeutic challenge. An eclectic, multidisciplinary treatment approach that focuses on treatment readiness and its therapeutic alliance is advocated along with continuity of care between inpatients and outpatients stages.
Growth and forms of spherulitic crystal pattern in a Belousov‐Zhabotinski type reaction system
Authors: Yadav N. , Srivastava P. K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe growth of spherulitic like crystal patterns in a dual substrate Belousov–Zhabotinski (BZ) reaction system has been studied. The solution phase reaction has been found to show concentric ring like wave pattern. A colloidal phase consisting of numerous fine solid particles have also been observed during reaction process, which initially forms the solid phase nucleation centers of dendritic character, and subsequently grow into spherulitic like crystal patterns. The reaction mechanism has been proposed, which illustrate possible reaction products formed during solution phase reaction that are inevitably involved in the formation of the dendritic nucleation centers. The spherulitic crystal pattern has been found to show transition in morphology by substituted organic substrate.The transition behaviour of crystal pattern has also been described and discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Seed loading effects on the mean crystal size of acetylsalicylic acid in a continuous‐flow crystallization device
Authors: Eder R. J. P. , Schmitt E. K. , Grill J. , Radl S. , Gruber‐Woelfler H. , Khinast J. G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of seed loading on the mean crystal size of the model substance, acetylsalicylic acid, crystallized from ethanol in a continuously seeded tubular crystallizer. A hot, highly concentrated ethanolic acetylsalicylic acid solution was mixed with an acetylsalicylic acid‐ethanol seed suspension. Subsequent cooling of the slurry in the tubing promoted supersaturation and hence crystal growth. The tubular shape of the 15 m‐long crystallizer with an inner diameter of 2 mm enabled narrow residence time distributions of the crystals in the pipe and excellent temperature control in the radial direction and along the tubing. Crystals entering the crystallizer had both identical growth conditions in each section and about the same time for crystal growth. Narrow crystal size distributions were achieved with decreasing differences in the volume‐mean‐diameter sizes of the seed and product crystals as seed loadings increased. Decreasing the seed size had a similar effect as increasing the seed loading, since in that case the same amount of seed mass resulted in more individual seed particles. Altering the arrangement of the coiled crystallizer with respect to spatial directions (horizontal, vertical) did not lead to a significantly different outcome. All experiments produced considerably larger product crystals in comparison to the seeds despite relatively short crystallization times of less than 3 min. Moreover, product mass gains of a few hundred percent at a g/min‐scale were achieved. Similarities in product crystal samples taken at different times at the outlet of the crystallizer showed that steady‐state conditions were rapidly reached in the continuous flow crystallization device. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)