bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“You Don't Go Tell White People Nothing”: African American Women's Perspectives on the Influence of Violence and Race on Depression and Depression Care
Authors: Nicolaidis Christina , Timmons Vanessa , Thomas Mary Jo , Waters A. Star , Wahab Stephanie , Mejia Angie , Mitchell S. Renee 
Published: June 2010

Objectives. We sought to understand how African American women's beliefs regarding depression and depression care are influenced by racism, violence, and social context. Methods. We conducted a focus group study using a community-based participatory research approach. Participants were low-income African American women with major depressive disorder and histories of violence victimization. Results. Thirty women participated in 4 focus groups. Although women described a vicious cycle of violence, depression, and substance abuse that affected their health, discussions about health care revolved around their perception of racism, with a deep mistrust of the health care system as a “White” system. The image of the “strong Black woman” was seen as a barrier to both recognizing depression and seeking care. Women wanted a community-based depression program staffed by African Americans that addressed violence and drug use. Conclusions. Although violence and drug use were central to our participants' understanding of depression, racism was the predominant issue influencing their views on depression care. Providers should develop a greater appreciation of the effects of racism on depression care. Depression care programs should address issues of violence, substance use, and racism.
The Association of Changes in Local Health Department Resources With Changes in State-Level Health Outcomes
Authors: Erwin Paul Campbell , Greene Sandra B. , Mays Glen P. , Ricketts Thomas C. , Davis Mary V. 
Published: June 2010

We explored the association between changes in local health department (LHD) resource levels with changes in health outcomes via a retrospective cohort study. We measured changes in expenditures and staffing reported by LHDs on the 1997 and 2005 National Association of County and City Health Officials surveys and assessed changes in state-level health outcomes with the America's Health Rankings reports for those years. We used pairwise correlation and multivariate regression to analyze the association of changes in LHD resources with changes in health outcomes. Increases in LHD expenditures were significantly associated with decreases in infectious disease morbidity at the state level (P = .037), and increases in staffing were significantly associated with decreases in cardiovascular disease mortality (P = .014), controlling for other factors.
Advising the Newest Faces of Public Health: A Perspective on the Undergraduate Student
Authors: Arnold Lauren D. , Schneider Dona 
Published: June 2010

In the 20th century, public health education in the United States existed as a professional degree program, with training at the masters (MPH) and doctoral (PhD, DrPH, and ScD) levels. Today, the system is rapidly evolving as undergraduate majors, minors, and concentrations are establishing themselves around the country. This new focus of public health education, rooted in a liberal arts environment, is distinct from the professional training of graduate school. As such, undergraduate public health students have unique characteristics and needs that should be considered as part of the advisors’ responsibility to provide meaningful, relevant advising. The perspective and comments presented here are largely based on the authors’ nearly 30 years of combined experience in undergraduate public health education.
Unprotected Anal Intercourse and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in High-Risk Heterosexual Women
Authors: Jenness Samuel M. , Begier Elizabeth M. , Neaigus Alan , Murrill Christopher S. , Wendel Travis , Hagan Holly 
Published: June 2010

Objectives. We examined the association between unprotected anal intercourse and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among heterosexual women. Methods. In 2006 through 2007, women were recruited from high-risk areas in New York City through respondent-driven sampling as part of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance study. We used multiple logistic regression to determine the relationship between unprotected anal intercourse and HIV infection and past-year STD diagnosis. Results. Of the 436 women studied, 38% had unprotected anal intercourse in the past year. Unprotected anal intercourse was more likely among those who were aged 30 to 39 years, were homeless, were frequent drug or binge alcohol users, had an incarcerated sexual partner, had sexual partners with whom they exchanged sex for money or drugs, or had more than 5 sexual partners in the past year. In the logistic regression, women who had unprotected anal intercourse were 2.6 times as likely as women who had only unprotected vaginal intercourse and 4.2 times as likely as women who had neither unprotected anal nor unprotected vaginal intercourse to report an STD diagnosis. We found no significant association between unprotected anal intercourse and HIV infection. Conclusions. Increased screening for history of unprotected anal intercourse and, for those who report recent unprotected anal intercourse, counseling and testing for HIV and STDs would likely reduce STD infections.
ArF laser photolytic deposition and thermal modification of an ultrafine chlorohydrocarbon
Authors: Pola Josef , Galíková Anna , Šubrt Jan , Ouchi Akihiko 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMW ArF laser irradiation of gaseous cis-dichloroethene results in fast decomposition of this compound and in deposition of solid ultrafine Cl- and H-containing carbonaceous powder which is of interest due to its sub-microscopic structure and possible reactive modification of the C-Cl bonds. The product was characterized by electron microscopy, and FTIR and Raman spectra and it was revealed that HCl, H2, and C/H fragments are lost and graphitic features are adopted upon heating to 700°C.
FHL Tendon Transfer in Diabetics for Treatment of Non-Healing Plantar Heel Ulcers
Authors: Kim J-Young , Lee Inmook , Seo Kyungwon , Jung Woosung , Kim Byungkwan 
Published: June 2010

Background: In diabetics, although heel ulcers occurring after Achilles tendon lengthening for managing forefoot ulcers are rare, they are a very troublesome complication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of FHL tendon transfer for management of a plantar heel ulcer as a sequelae of insufficiency of the Achilles tendon in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Nine diabetic patients who underwent FHL tendon transfer for treatment of non-healing plantar heel ulcers due to insufficiency of the Achilles tendon for management of forefoot ulcers were treated between October 2005 and April 2007. All of the patients had undergone Achilles tendon lengthening with Hoke's triple hemisection method. The mean age was 55.9 ± 9.7 years old. The average duration of a plantar heel ulcer was 11.9 ± 3.8 months. The mean period of followup was 23.9 ± 8.0 months. Between the occurrence of a heel ulcer and the FHL transfer, five of the patients underwent more than one attempt at direct Achilles tendon repair. The mean size of the wound was 1.2 ± 0.6 cm2. We assessed the healing time of the heel plantar ulcers and recurrence rates during followup periods. The complication rate and walking ability was also evaluated. Results: All of the plantar heel ulcers healed within 8 weeks after the operation and had not recurred as of the last followup. Two patients had recurrences of previous forefoot ulcers. One patient had a local infection in the FHL tendon transfer area. All of patients could walk without a brace or walking aid device after surgery. Conclusion: We believe that Achilles tendon reconstruction using an FHL transfer for non healing plantar heel ulcers resulting from a triple Hoke lengthening of the Achilles tendon is a good treatment option for diabetic patients. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Second Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability and Second Metatarsal Length Association Depends on the Method of Measurement
Authors: Bhutta Mohammed A. , Chauhan Devendra , Zubairy Aamir I. , Barrie Jim 
Published: June 2010

Introduction: Second metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) instability is an important cause of forefoot pain and its causation multi-factorial. There is debate over an association with a relatively increased second metatarsal length and numerous measurement techniques. It is not known which, if any correlate with second MTPJ instability or their accuracy. We hypothesized that the method of measurement would affect the apparent relationship between second metatarsal length and second MTP instability. Materials and Methods: We analyzed standardized radiographs of 81 feet with second MTPJ instability using methods described by Coughlin, Maestro, and Hardy/Clapham. A control group of 11 feet were assessed from patients with a clinical diagnosis of Morton's neuroma (no instability) and successfully treated with a single steroid injection. The hallux valgus angle was also recorded. Patients mean age was 56 (range, 25 to 84) years, with female to male ratio of 4:1 and equal laterality. Results: Second metatarsal length measurements were not significantly different between grades of instability using any method, although Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed a significant association between instability grades and increasing age ( p < 0.05). Analysis of relative metatarsal lengths and second MTPJ instability revealed Coughlins method approached statistical significance ( p < 0.055), but upon standardizing for age it became statistically significantly associated ( r = 0.21, n83: p < 0.05). Spearman's rho correlation identified increasing hallux valgus was associated with decreased the second metatarsal length for Maestro and Hardy & Clapham methods ( r = −0.29, n92: p < 0.005) and ( r = −0.36, n86: p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: A positive correlation of second metatarsal length to second MTPJ instability existed using Coughlins method controlling for age. Maestro and Hardy & Clapham methods were possibly influenced by co-existing hallux valgus. The association of a clinical finding with a possible causative factor is likely influenced by its method of radiographic measurement. Level of Evidence: III, Comparative Case Series
Small Field-Of-View Surface Coil MR Imaging of Talar Osteochondral Lesions
Authors: Griffith James F. , Wang Yi-Xiang J. , Lodge Shlok J. , Wong Margaret Wan-Nar , Ahuja Anil T. 
Published: June 2010

Background: Osteochondral lesion (OCL) treatment is based on patient symptoms, lesion size, and lesion stability. MRI of talar OCL identifies the presence and the characteristics of the lesion and attempts to establish lesion stability. We report our experience that the depiction of OCL can be improved by using a small field-of-view (FOV) surface coil. Materials and Methods: We studied 24 patients (25 lesions) with OCLs of the talar dome. Standard FOV MRI followed by small FOV MRI of the ankle was performed at 1.5-T. Standard FOV MRI was taken using a quadrature knee coil or a 21 cm × 53 cm circularly flexible coil. A 4-cm circular polarized receiver surface coil was used for small FOV imaging. Twelve aspects characteristics of OCLs were assessed, including lesion matrix, margin characteristics, lesion cortical surface, cartilage surface, cartilage depth, cartilage signal, cartilage integrity, and osteochondral gap. Results: Small FOV MRI provided more detailed morphological information of talar OCL. The following differences were noted. Small FOV coil imaging reclassified cortical surface from flush to depressed in seven cases and from unclear in two cases to flush in one case and proud in the other. Small FOV coil imaging reclassified cartilage integrity from unclear to intact in 16 cases and from unclear to fracture in three cases. For assessment of osteochondral gap, small FOV coil MR imaging reclassified from absent to present in two cases and from unclear to absent in one case. For osteochondral fragment, small FOV coil MR imaging reclassified assessment from absent to present in three cases and from unclear to absent in three cases. Conclusion: Small FOV coil improved visualization of the talar OCL. Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Effects of Deposition Time on the Chemical Bath-deposited CuS Thin Films
Authors: Anuar K , Tan W. T. , Saravanan N. , Khor L. K. , Ho S. M. 
Published: June 2010

The chemical bath deposition technique was used to deposit thin films of coppersulphide onto indium tin oxide glass substrates. The bath composition included copperchloride which was the source of Cu2+ and sodium thiosulfate which supplied the S2- ions. Xraydiffraction and atomic force microscopy were used to investigate structural andmorphological characterization, respectively. The influence of deposition time was studiedto determine the optimum condition for deposition process. The deposited CuS films showedhexagonal structure. The number of peaks attributable to CuS increased as the depositiontime was increased to 16 hours based on XRD data. AFM images revealed that the chemicalbath-deposited films for 16 hours showed more homogeneous and uniform compared withother deposition times, and the highest absorbance value was obtained for the filmsdeposited at this period. The band gap energy decreased from 2.9 to 2.45 eV when thedeposition time was increased from 8 to 20 hours.Keywords: Chemical bath deposition, copper sulphide, thin films, solar cells.DOI:	10.3126/jncs.v25i0.3276Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Volume 25, 2010 pp 2-8
Roles of Antimony and Molybdenum Additions in Mn–Sn–W–O/IrO<sub>2</sub>–SnO<sub>2</sub>–Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/Ti Anodes for Oxygen Evolution in Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Bhattarai Jagadeesh 
Published: June 2010

An attempt was made to enhance the oxygen evolution efficiency in seawaterelectrolysis by additions of antimony and molybdenum to manganese–tin–tungsten oxideelectrocatalyst prepared by anodic deposition on the intermediate Ir1–x–ySnxSbyO2+0.5y/Tielectrode. Ir1–x–ySnxSbyO2+0.5y/Ti supported nanocrystalline g–MnO2 type Mn–Sn–W–X(X=Sbor/and Mo)–O electrocatalysts with grain size of about 4-8 nm were tailored by anodicdeposition and these anodes showed almost 100 % oxygen evolution efficiency at currentdensity of 1000 A.m-2 in 0.5 M NaCl solution of pH 1 at 25°C. They guaranteed the stableanode performance of 99.60-99.85% oxygen evolution efficiency for more than 5 months atcurrent density of 1000 A.m-2 in 0.5 M NaCl solution of pH 1 at 25°C.Keywords: Oxygen evolution anodes, electrocatalyst, CO2 recycle, XRD, SCLM.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v25i0.3277Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Volume 25, 2010 pp 9-18
The Passivation Behavior of Sputter-deposited W-Zr Alloys in NaCl and NaOH Solutions
Authors: Shrestha Prakash , Bhattarai Jagadeesh 
Published: June 2010

The passivation behavior of the sputter-deposited amorphous or/and nanocrystallineW-Zr alloys is studied in 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M NaOH solutions at 25°C, open to air usingcorrosion tests and electrochemical measurements. Zirconium metal acts synergisticallywith tungsten in enhancing the corrosion resistance of the sputter-deposited W-Zr alloys soas to show lower corrosion rates than those of alloy-constituting elements (that is, tungstenand zirconium) in 0.5 M NaCl solution. In particular, corrosion rates of the binary W-Zralloys containing 23-76 at % zirconium are more than one order of magnitude lower thanthat of tungsten (that is, about 0.8-1.1 × 10-3 mm.y-1) and even lower than that of the sputterdepositedzirconium. On the other hand, the corrosion rates of the W-Zr alloys containing54-76 at% zirconium are nearly two orders of magnitude lower than that of tungsten andeven about one order of magnitude lower corrosion rate than that of sputter-depositedzirconium metal in alkaline 1 M NaOH solution. These results clearly revealed that thesimultaneous additions of both tungsten and zirconium metals to the sputter-depositedamorphous or nanocrystalline W-Zr alloys are effective in enhancing the corrosionresistance of the alloys in both 0.5 M NaCl and alkaline 1 M NaOH solutions at 25°C, opento air. The corrosion-resistant of all the examined binary W-Zr alloys in 0.5 M NaClsolution is higher than in 1 M NaOH solution at 25°C. In general, the open circuit potentialsof all the examined W-Zr alloys are shifted to more noble direction with increasing the alloyzirconium content in both 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M NaOH solutions.Keywords: Sputter-deposited W-Zr alloys, amorphous, corrosion test, electrochemicalmeasurement, NaCl and NaOH solutions.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v25i0.3283Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Volume 25, 2010 pp 37-45
Synthesis, Characterization and <i>in vitro</i> Antifungal Screening of Manganese(II) and Copper(II) Complexes of Hexaaza [N<sub>6</sub>] Macrocyclic Ligand
Authors: Kumar U. , Chandra S. 
Published: June 2010

New manganese(II) and copper(II) complexes of 12-membered macrocyclic Schiffbase ligand containing thiosemicarbazone moiety have been prepared of generalcomposition [MLX2] where M = Mn(II) or Cu(II), L = 3,4,9,10–tetra-2-furanyl-1,2,5,6,8,11-hexaazacyclododeca-7,12-dithione-2,4,8,10–tetraene, X = Cl-, NO3- and NCS-. Thecomplexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magneticsusceptibility measurements and spectral (IR, electronic, EPR and mass) analyses. The IRspectra of complexes suggested that ligand is coordinated to the metal ion through iminenitrogen atoms. On the basis of spectral studies, an octahedral and tetragonal geometry hasbeen assigned for Mn(II) and Cu(II) complexes, respectively. EPR spectra of polycrystallineMn(II) complexes gave an isotropic signal with g value centered around free electron gvalue. EPR spectra of Mn(II) complexes in DMSO showed hyperfine splitting containing sixlines, whereas EPR spectra of polycrystatalline Cu(II) complexes showed anisotropicsignal. Conductivity measurements support the non electrolytic nature of the complexes.Magnetic moment data suggest that reported complexes are paramagnetic and of high spintype. All the examined complexes have also been tested in vitro against a number ofpathogenic fungi. Results indicated that the complexes exhibited good antifungal activities.Keywords: Macrocyclic, octahedral, antifungal, tetragonal, anisotropic.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v25i0.3284Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Volume 25, 2010 pp 46-52
Roles of Alloying Elements on the Corrosion Behavior of Amorphous W–Zr–(15–33)Cr Alloys in 1 M NaOH Solution
Authors: Kumal Raju Ram , Bhattarai Jagadeesh 
Published: June 2010

Roles of alloy-constituting elements on the corrosion behavior of the sputter-depositedamorphous W-Zr-(15-33)Cr alloys was studied in 1 M NaOH solution open to air at 25°Cusing corrosion tests and open circuit potential measurements. Zirconium and chromiummetals act synergistically with tungsten in enhancing the corrosion resistance of the sputterdepositedamorphous W-Zr-Cr alloys containing 15-33 at % chromium content so as toshow higher corrosion resistance than those of alloy-constituting elements in 1 M NaOHsolution. The corrosion rates of the amorphous W-Zr-(15-33)Cr alloys containing 9-33 at %tungsten are in the ranges of 2.0-5.0×10-3 mm.y-1 after immersion for 240 h in 1 M NaOHsolution which is about two orders of magnitude lower corrosion rates lower than that oftungsten and even slightly lower than that of the zirconium metal. The simultaneousadditions of zirconium and chromium metals in W-Zr-(15-33)Cr alloys are effective forennoblement of the open circuit potential of the tungsten metal.Keywords: W-Zr-Cr alloys, corrosion resistance, immersion test, open circuit potential, 1 MNaOH.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v25i0.3312Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Volume 25, 2010 pp 93-100
Seizures in patients with glioma treated with phenytoin and levetiracetam
Authors: Merrell Ryan T. , Anderson S. Keith , Meyer Fredric B. , Lachance Daniel H. 
Published: June 2010

Object
Second-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are increasingly used in the care of patients with glioma. There is little data on how this practice compares with the use of traditional AEDs in this population. This noninferiority analysis compares seizure outcomes and side effects in patients with glioma treated with phenytoin and levetiracetam monotherapy.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 500 consecutive patients with glioma who were treated in clinical trials from 2001 to 2008 at 3 Mayo Clinic campuses. To be eligible for the study, these patients had to have had at least 1 clinical seizure and to have undergone follow-up for at least 6 months. Seizure outcomes, defined by the occurrence of a second seizure, time to second seizure, and seizure frequency, along with AED side effects, were compared between cohorts treated with phenytoin or levetiracetam

Results
Seventy-six patients were identified, 25 treated with phenytoin and 51 with levetiracetam. Sixty-four percent of the patients had a Grade 4 astrocytoma. There was no difference in seizure outcome between the phenytoin and levetiracetam groups when comparing time to second seizure (p = 0.584), second seizure rates (p = 0.561), and average seizures per month (p = 0.776). When adjusting for age, sex, type of seizure, type of glioma, and dosage using univariate and multivariate models, there were no differences between the treatment groups and none of these covariates were statistically significant for explaining the second seizure rates between treatment groups (all p values > 0.05). The incidence of side effects in the levetiracetam group was 6% versus 20% in the phenytoin group (p = 0.106). Additionally, 36% of the patients in the phenytoin group had dose adjustments unrelated to breakthrough seizures compared with only 10% in the levetiracetam group (p = 0.010)

Conclusions
In this study, patients with glioma treated with levetiracetam and phenytoin had similar seizure control. Patients treated with levetiracetam experienced fewer side effects and required fewer nonseizure-related dose adjustments than patients treated with phenytoin. Levetiracetam is a safe, effective, and preferred alternative for seizure management in patients with glioma.