bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivalent Presentation of Mannose on Hyperbranched Polyglycerol and their Interaction with Concanavalin A Lectin
Authors: Papp Ilona , Dernedde Jens , Enders Sven , Riese Sebastian B. , Shiao Tze Chieh , Roy René , Haag Rainer 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of multivalent mannose derivatives by using hyperbranched polyglycerols (hPG) as a scaffold with different linker structures. Grafting of protected mannose (Man) units is achieved by using CuI‐catalyzed Huisgen click chemistry with either an anomeric azide or propargyl ether onto complementarily functionalized alkyne or azido polymer surfaces. NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), IR spectroscopy, size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), and elemental analysis have been used to characterize the hPG–Man compounds. The surface availability and bioactivity of Man‐modified polymers were evaluated by using a competitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR)‐based binding assay by interactions of the glycopolymers with concanavalin A (Con A), a lectin that binds mannose containing molecules. The results indicated that the novel glycoarchitectures presented in this work are efficient inhibitors of Con A–mannose recognition and resulted in inhibitor concentrations (mean IC50) from the micro‐ to the nanomolar range, whereas the corresponding monovalent mannoside (methyl‐Man) requires millimolar concentrations. The results provide an interesting structure–activity relationship for libraries of materials that differ in the linkage of the sugar moiety presented on a biocompatible polyglycerol scaffold.
Generation of Carbanions through Stibine–Metal and Bismuthine–Metal Exchange Reactions and Its Applications to Precision Synthesis of ω‐End‐Functionalized Polymers
Authors: Kayahara Eiichi , Yamada Hiroto , Yamago Shigeru 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGeneration of carbanions from organostibines and organobismuthines through heteroatom–metal exchange reactions was examined from synthetic and mechanistic viewpoints. The exchange reaction proceeded spontaneously upon treatment with various organometallic reagents, such as alkyl lithiums, tetraalkyl zincates, and alkyl magnesium halides to afford the corresponding carbanions quantitatively. Due to the high reactivity of these heteroatom compounds, the exchange reactions took place exclusively even in the presence of various polar functional groups, which potentially react with organometallic species. The advantage of this method was exemplified by the end‐group transformation of living polymers that bear these heteroatom species at the ω‐polymer end, prepared by using organostibine and bismuthine‐mediated living radical polymerizations. Various polymers that bear polar functional groups and acidic hydrogen—for example, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(butyl acrylate), poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide), and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)—could be used in the exchange reactions, and subsequent trapping with electrophiles afforded the corresponding polymers with controlled molecular weights, molecular weight distributions, and end‐group functionalities. Competition experiments showed that organostibines and organobismuthines were among the most reactive heteroatom compounds towards organometallic reagents and that their high reactivity was responsible for the high chemoselectivity in the exchange reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Fast Lithium‐Ion‐Conducting Cubic Li7La3Zr2O12.
Authors: Awaka Junji , Takashima Akira , Kataoka Kunimitsu , Kijima Norihito , Idemoto Yasushi , Akimoto Junji 
Published: April 2011

AbstractColorless and transparent single crystals of cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 are prepared from mixtures of Li2CO3, La2O3, and ZrO2 in the molar ratio of 3.85:1.5:2.0 (air, 1250 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Titanate Pyrochlore Microspheres: Directed Synthesis and Their Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity.
Authors: Hou Jungang , Jiao Shuqiang , Zhu Hongmin , Kumar R. V. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBi2Ti2O7 microspheres are hydrothermally synthesized in high yields from an aqueous solution of Bi(NO3)3, Ti(OiPr)4, and KOH (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Second‐Order NLO Materials Based on Polymeric Borate Clusters and GeO4 Tetrahedra: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Han , Hu Chun‐Li , Xu Xiang , Kong Fang , Mao Jiang‐Gao 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRbGeB3O7 (I), Rb2GeB4O9 (II), and Rb4Ge3B6O17 (III) are prepared in quantitative yield by solid state reactions of Rb2O3, GeO2, and H3BO3 mixtures in a molar ratio of 1:2:6 (I), 1:1:4 (II), and 2:3:6 (III) (650 °C, 6 d, Pt crucible).
ChemInform Abstract: ACO‐Zeotype Iron Aluminum Phosphates with Variable Al/Fe Ratios Controlled by F‐ Ions.
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Li Yi , Wang Lei , Zhang Jingzhe , Yan Yan , Li Jiyang , Yu Jihong , Wang Jincheng , Xu Ruren 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe new ACO zeolites [(enH2)4] [Fe8‐xAlxFx(H2O)2‐x (PO4)8]·2H2O (x = 1.64, 1.38, 0.80) are synthesized in the system Fe2O3—Al2O3—P2 O5—diethylenetriamine—HF—H2O using different amounts of orthophosphoric acid and HF (autoclave, 433 K, 6 d, 39, 28, and 32% yield, respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methylene‐Bridge Polyarenes Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Activation of Benzylic Carbon—Hydrogen Bond.
Authors: Hsiao Chien‐Chi , Lin Yi‐Kuan , Liu Chia‐Ju , Wu Tsun‐Cheng , Wu Yao‐Ting 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA variety of substituted and fused fluorene derivatives are prepared from bi‐ or terphenyls under catalysis of palladium acetate and an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodoarene‐Mediated Cyclization of N‐Methoxy‐2‐arylethanesulfonamides with Oxone.
Authors: Ishiwata Yoshihide , Suzuki Yuhsuke , Togo Hideo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe title reaction affords N‐methoxybenzosultams (II) in general.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Specific Introduction of Gold‐Carbenoids by Intermolecular Oxidation of Ynamides or Ynol Ethers.
Authors: Davies Paul W. , Cremonesi A. , Martin Nicolas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA site‐specific oxidation/1,2‐insertion cascade offers access to functionalized α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic ester and imide derivatives as well as vinylogous amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Olefins Catalyzed by Polymer‐Anchored Nickel(II) Complex in Water Medium.
Authors: Islam Manirul , Hossain Dildar , Mondal Paramita , Roy Anupam Singha , Mondal Sanchita , Mobarak Manir 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAllylic oxidation products are obtained selectively under optimized reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Di‐, Tri‐, and Tetrasulfides Through Multifold Carbon—Sulfur Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Indium Tri(organothiolates) in a One‐Pot Procedure.
Authors: Lee Phil Ho , Park Youngchul , Park Sangkyun , Lee Euijae , Kim Sunggak 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt allows an efficient access to diverse di‐, tri‐, and tetrasulfides.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Amido‐Complexes for the Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Imines.
Authors: Kutlescha Kathrin , Irrgang Torsten , Kempe Rhett 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTen chiral rhodium or iridium amido‐complexes such as RAP are synthesized, and four of them are tested as catalysts in the hydrogenation of imine (Ia).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Diastereoisomeric Bis(tetrahydroisoquinoline) N,N′‐Dioxides.
Authors: Vlasana Klara , Hrdina Radim , Valterova Irena , Kotora Martin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAsymmetric allylation of aromatic (I) and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (IV) with allyltrichlorosilane (II) proceeds smoothly in THF in the presence of (Sax)‐bis(tetrahydroisoquinoline N‐oxide) to give the products (III) and (V) in good yields and moderate to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane
Authors: Zhao Xiaoming , Liu Dongge , Zheng Shengcai , Gao Ning 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed reaction of allylic carbonates with the fluoro compound (II) gives fluoromethylated derivatives (III) in high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd/C: An Efficient, Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalyst for Phosphane‐Free Carbonylative Suzuki Coupling Reactions of Aryl and Heteroaryl Iodides.
Authors: Khedkar Mayur V. , Tambade Pawan J. , Qureshi Ziyauddin S. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCarbonylative Suzuki cross coupling of arylboronic acids with (het)aryl iodides is efficiently catalyzed by Pd—C to give (het)aryl aryl ketones in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Dihydrazones of Diaryl α‐Diketones to Diarylacetylenes Using Sodium Periodate.
Authors: Takale Balaram S. , Telvekar Vikas N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe title process is mild, efficient, and applicable to a wide range of substrates carrying electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoro‐Substituted Phenyleneethynylenes: Acetylenic n‐Type Organic Semiconductors.
Authors: Matsuo Daisuke , Yang Xin , Hamada Akiko , Morimoto Kyo , Kato Takuji , Yahiro Masayuki , Adachi Chihaya , Orita Akihiro , Otera Junzo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSynthesis and properties of a series of fluoro‐substituted phenyleneethynylenes are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids Accelerate Access to N‐Substituted‐1,8‐naphthalimides.
Authors: MacGregor Kylie A. , McCluskey Adam 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReplacement of organic volatile compounds by the ionic liquid results in significant acceleration of the reaction of anhydrides (I) with functionalized amines (16 h versus 20 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis(benzo[b]thiophenyl)methanes by Gold‐Catalyzed Double Carbothiolation.
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Okamoto Masashi , Sato Takuma , Terada Masahiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe efficient reaction includes 2 successive intramolecular carbon—sulfur bond addition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Formation of Optically Active 4‐Substituted 5‐Hydroxy‐γ‐lactams by Organocatalyzed Reaction of 3‐Substituted Cyclobutanones with Nitrosobenzene.
Authors: Capitta Francesca , Frongia Angelo , Ollivier Jean , Piras Pier Paolo , Secci Francesco 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTreatment of cyclobutenones with nitrosobenzene in the presence of chiral amine catalysts does not produce the expected derivatives (IV) but lactams of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Zinc‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Ethyl Trifluoropyruvate.
Authors: Hui Yonghai , Chen Weiliang , Wang Wentao , Jiang Jun , Cai Yunfei , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBoth enantiomers of 3‐substituted indoles of type (III) are obtained by the title reaction using (R)‐proline‐derived catalyst BPR or its (S)‐proline enantiomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Cascade Reactions: A Novel and Expedient Approach to Functionalized Indoles by an Unprecedented Nucleophilic Addition‐Heterocyclization‐Oxidative Alkoxycarbonylation Sequence.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Veltri Lucia , Salerno Giuseppe , Mancuso Raffaella , Costa Mirco 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCrude alkynylaniline imines prepared from the condensation between anilines (I) or (VIII) with benzaldehydes, react with CO, O2 and an alcohol under palladium catalysis to give the desired indole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Cascade Synthesis of N‐Fused Heterocycles via Silver(I) Triflate‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts/N—C Bond Formation Sequence.
Authors: Hao Lu , Pan Yingming , Wang Tao , Lin Min , Chen Li , Zhan Zhuang‐ping 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThree different N‐fused pyrrolopyrrole skeletons are formed by the reaction of indoles (I) with either tertiary or secondary propargyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Direct Ene Reaction of Indoles.
Authors: Han Bo , Xiao You‐Cai , Yao Yuan , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIndoles bearing a tethered internal olefin smoothly undergo a highly efficient diastereoselective intramolecular imino‐ene reaction in the presence of AlCl3 to give cycloalkano‐fused indolines, e.g. (II), (IV) or (VI), in high yields and stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles in Water Catalyzed by Copper Nanoparticles on Activated Carbon.
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Moglie Yanina , Radivoy Gabriel , Yus Miguel 
Published: April 2011

Abstract1,2,3‐Triazoles are prepared by the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of alkynes with azides generated in situ from organic halides, diazonium salts, anilines or epoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Preparation of Disymmetric Bistriazoles from Bisalkynes.
Authors: Elamari Hichem , Meganem Faouzi , Herscovici Jean , Girard Christian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBisalkynes bearing an activated and an unactivated alkyne group react site‐selectively in a copper‐free 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with azides to give a mixture 1,4‐ and 1,5‐isomers (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct and Efficient Preparation of 1‐Phenyltetrazol‐5‐yl Sulfides from Alcohols.
Authors: Ellwood Adam R. , Porter Michael J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction of primary and secondary alcohols with thiol (I) proceeds in the presence of ethylsulfanylmethylene dimethylammonium salt and imidazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Inverse‐Electron‐Demand (IED) [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Salicylaldimines: Preparation of Optically Active 4‐Aminobenzopyran Derivatives.
Authors: Bernardi Luca , Comes‐Franchini Mauro , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Leo Virginia , Mazzanti Andrea , Ricci Alfredo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAldimines (II) or (V) and dihydrofuran (III) or vinylindole (XII) give exclusively the desired enantioenriched aminobenzopyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Furoquinolines Synthesis: From Nitrogen Effects to the Use of Silver Imidazolate Polymer as a New and Robust Silver Catalyst.
Authors: Parker Evelyne , Leconte Nicolas , Godet Thomas , Belmont Philippe 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAgOTf as catalyst in the tandem acetalization and cycloisomerization reaction shows an inversion of the cycloisomerization regioselectivity from 6‐endo‐dig to 5‐exo‐dig with some amine additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Practical One‐Pot Conversions of N‐Tosyltetrahydroisoquinolines into Isoquinolines and of N‐Tosyltetrahydro‐β‐carbolines into β‐Carbolines Through Tandem β‐Elimination and Aromatization.
Authors: Dong Jing , Shi Xiao‐Xin , Yan Jing‐Jing , Xing Jing , Zhang Qiang , Xiao Sen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA mild and efficient tandem β‐elimination—aromatization reaction of fused N‐tosyl tetrahydropyridines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Nanoparticles Effect on Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity of New Heterocycles.
Authors: Kandile Nadia G. , Zaky Howida T. , Mohamed Mansoura I. , Mohamed Hemat M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis and in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activities of a variety of new heterocycles derived from 6‐arylpyridazin‐3(2H)‐ylidene hydrazines (I) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid, One‐Pot, Four‐Component Route to 2H‐Indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐triones.
Authors: Mosaddegh Elaheh , Hassankhani Asadollah 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe title reaction provides an efficient synthesis of products of type (IV) using cerium sulfate under solvent‐free thermal conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Arylcytosine‐5‐carboxylic Acid Esters.
Authors: Dorokhov V. A. , Voronkova V. A. , Komkov A. V. , Baranin S. V. , Vasil'ev L. S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReaction of 2‐diaminomethylidene‐3‐oxoalkanoates (I) with aryl isocyanates affords the corresponding urea derivatives (III), which cyclize into the title cytosine derivatives (IV) on treatment with sodium alkoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 6,12b‐Diaza‐dibenzo[a,h]azulen‐7‐ones and Benzo[f]pyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,4]diazepin‐4‐ones via CuI/L‐Proline Catalyzed Intramolecular N‐Arylation.
Authors: Wang Hong‐Jun , Wang Yi , Camara Fatoumata , Paquette William D. , Csakai Adam J. , Mangette John E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe heterocycles are prepared in excellent yield via PyBOP‐promoted reaction of o‐halobenzylamines with carboxylic acids followed by intramolecular N‐arylation of the amide products (I), (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Acylmetalates with Alkyl Halides to Prepare Fischer Carbene Complexes: An Improved Protocol.
Authors: Nandi Bappaditya , Sinha Surajit 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlkoxy Fischer carbene complexes of chromium, tungsten and molybdenum are synthesized by alkylation of lithium acylmetalates with alkyl halides in the presence of catalytic amounts of tetrabutylammonium bromide under biphasic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Hesseltins B—G, Novel Meroterpenoids from a New Penicillium Species.
Authors: Phipps Richard K. , Gotfredsen Charlotte H. , Paludan Soeren R. , Frisvad Jens C. , Eriksen Kathrine , Petersen Bent O. , Duus Jens O. , Larsen Thomas O. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNone of the components reveal any antiviral effects against Herpes simplex.
ChemInform Abstract: Lobophytones H—N, Biscembranoids from the Chinese Soft Coral Lobophytum pauciflorum.
Authors: Yan Pengcheng , Deng Zhiwei , Van Ofwegen Leen , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract7 New biscembranoids (I)‐(V) are isolated from the title soft coral.
ChemInform Abstract: Cucurbitane Triterpenoids from Momordica charantia and Their Cytoprotective Activity in tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide‐Induced Hepatotoxicity of HepG2 Cells.
Authors: Chen Chiy‐Rong , Liao Yun‐Wen , Wang Lai , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Liu Hung‐Jen , Shih Wen‐Ling , Cheng Hsueh‐Ling , Chang Chi‐I 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThree new triterpenoids (I)‐(III) are isolated from the tendril climber Momordica charantia.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Phytochemical Investigation of Abies spectabilis.
Authors: Wu Liang , Li Yong‐Li , Li Su‐Mei , Yang Xian‐Wen , Xia Jia‐Han , Zhou Le , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe systematic phytochemical investigation of Abies spectabilis afforded the 3 new compounds (I)‐(III) and 69 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazole‐Linked Benzylated Glucosyl, Galactosyl, and Mannosyl Monomers and Dimers as Novel Sugar Scaffold‐Based PTP1B Inhibitors.
Authors: Chen Guo‐Rong , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of sixteen triazole‐linked benzylated glucosyl, galactosyl, and mannosyl monomers and dimers via click chemistry is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Sunabedine, a Novel Toxic Bromotyrosine‐Derivative Alkaloid from Okinawan Sponge, Order Verongida.
Authors: Maru Norihito , Koyama Tomoyuki , Ohno Osamu , Yamada Kaoru , Uemura Daisuke 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSunabedine (I) exhibits cytotoxicity against B16 mouse melanoma cells and toxicity against brine shrimp.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Assembly of Resorcylic Acid Lactone Frameworks Through Sequential Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Sugiyama Sakae , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA combination of chemoselective Pd‐catalyzed carbonylative esterification of o‐iodobromobenzene derivative (I) with Pd‐catalyzed functionalization (amination, cross coupling or carbonylative esterification) and ring closing metathesis reaction is successfully applied in the synthesis of resorcylic acid lactone frameworks.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Total Syntheses of (+)‐Hostmanin A and (+)‐Methyllinderatin.
Authors: Kitao Junko , Kitamura Naoko , Kumo Nozomi , Arimitsu Kenji , Iwasaki Hiroki , Ozeki Minoru , Kurume Ai , Yamashita Masayuki 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe absolute configuration of (+)‐methylinderatin (II) is confirmed by total synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Crystalline Cu4Bi4S9 Nanoribbons: Facile Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Surface Photovoltaic Properties.
Authors: Li Hongxing , Zhang Qinglin , Pan Anlian , Wang Yanguo , Zou Bingsuo , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe title nanoribbons are synthesized with large yields by solvothermal reaction of CuCl, BiCl3, CS2, and dodecylamine in toluene (autoclave, 200 °C, 30 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Convergence of the Enhancement of the Effective Mass Under Pressure and Magnetic Field in Heavy‐Fermion Compounds: CeRu2Si2, CeRh2Si2, and CeIn3
Authors: Flouquet J. , Aoki D. , Knafo W. , Knebel G. , Matsuda T. D. , Raymond S. , Proust C. , Paulsen C. , Haen P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReview: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Dioxygen (Bio)inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Solomon Edward I. , Ginsbach Jake W. , Heppner David E. , Kieber‐Emmons Matthew T. , Kjaergaard Christian H. , Smeets Pieter J. , Tian Li , Woertink Julia S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReview: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Pharmacological Research on Plants from the Genus Senecio.
Authors: Yang Yan , Zhao Lei , Wang Yu‐Fang , Chang Man‐Li , Huo Chang‐Hong , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Shi Qing‐Wen , Kiyota Hiromasa 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReview: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theragnostic Approaches Using Gold Nanorods and Near Infrared Light
Authors: Niidome Takuro , Shiotani Atsushi , Akiyama Yasuyuki , Ohga Akira , Nose Keisuke , Pissuwan Dakrong , Niidome Yasuro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReview: 18 refs.
Neurogenesis in colorectal cancer is a marker of aggressive tumor behavior and poor outcomes
Authors: Albo Daniel , Akay Catherine L. , Marshall Christy L. , Wilks Jonathan A. , Verstovsek Gordana , Liu Hao , Agarwal Neeti , Berger David H. , Ayala Gustavo E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Colorectal cancer staging criteria do not rely on examination of neuronal tissue. The authors previously demonstrated that perineural invasion is an independent prognostic factor of outcomes in colorectal cancer. For the current study, they hypothesized that neurogenesis occurs in colorectal cancer and portends an aggressive tumor phenotype.METHODS:In total, samples from 236 patients with colorectal cancer were used to create a tissue array and database. Tissue array slides were immunostained for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) to identify nerve tissue. The correlation between markers of neurogenesis and oncologic outcomes was determined. The effect of colorectal cancer cells on stimulating neurogenesis in vitro was evaluated using a dorsal root ganglia coculture model.RESULTS:Patients whose tumors exhibited high degrees of neurogenesis had 50% reductions in 5‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival compared with patients whose tumors contained no detectable neurogenesis (P = .002 and P = .006, respectively). Patients with stage II disease and high degrees of neurogenesis had greater reductions in 5‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival compared with lymph node‐negative patients with no neurogenesis (P = .002 and P = .008, respectively). Patients with stage II disease and high degrees of neurogenesis had lower 5‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival compared with patients who had stage III disease with no neurogenesis (P = .01 and P = .008, respectively). Colorectal cancer cells stimulated neurogenesis and exhibited evidence of neuroepithelial interactions between nerves and tumor cells in vitro.CONCLUSIONS:Neurogenesis in colorectal cancer appeared to play a critical role in colorectal cancer progression. Furthermore, the current results indicated that neurogenesis functions as an independent predictor of outcomes and may play a role in therapy stratification for patients with lymph node‐negative disease. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.