bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a simulated oil spill on benthic phototrophs and nitrogen‐fixing bacteria in mudflat mesocosms
Authors: Chronopoulou Panagiota‐Myrsini , Fahy Anne , Coulon Frédéric , Païssé Sandrine , Goñi‐Urriza Marisol , Peperzak Louis , Acuña Alvarez Laura , McKew Boyd A. , Lawson Tracy , Timmis Kenneth N. , Duran Robert , Underwood Graham J. C. , McGenity Terry J. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryCoastal and estuarine ecosystems are highly susceptible to crude oil pollution. Therefore, in order to examine the resilience of benthic phototrophs that are pivotal to coastal ecosystem functioning, we simulated an oil spill in tidal mesocosms consisting of intact sediment cores from a mudflat at the mouth of the Colne Estuary, UK. At day 21, fluorescence imaging revealed a bloom of cyanobacteria on the surface of oiled sediment cores, and the upper 1.5 cm thick sediment had 7.2 times more cyanobacterial and 1.7 times more diatom rRNA sequences when treated with oil. Photosystem II operating efficiency (Fq′/Fm′) was significantly reduced in oiled sediments at day 7, implying that the initial diatom‐dominated community was negatively affected by oil, but this was no longer apparent by day 21. Oil addition significantly reduced numbers of the key deposit feeders, and the decreased grazing pressure is likely to be a major factor in the increased abundance of both diatoms and cyanobacteria. By day 5 concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were significantly lower in oiled mesocosms, likely resulting in the observed increase in nifH‐containing, and therefore potentially dinitrogen‐fixing, cyanobacteria. Thus, indirect effects of oil, rather than direct inhibition, are primarily responsible for altering the microphytobenthos.
Considering a complemental model of health and fitness
Authors: Neville Ross D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article examines the concept of fitness, which, in spite of its much avowed cultural significance, has become the subject of much critical attention. In particular, it considers the now contested relation of fitness to health; the fact that, although there appears to be a clear consensus on a simple causal relation between the two, this has been deemed illusory outside the medico‐scientific context of its production. In response to the problems with both of these positions, this article examines the potential for reconfiguring the relation between fitness and health on new terms. A complemental model of health and fitness is proposed; one that strives to account for the body’s objective and subjective dimensions and for those intermediary varieties of experience that lie in between.
Books on International Economic Affairs: THE POLITICS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Authors: Ashton John 
Published: August 2012

DECISION‐MAKING AND AGRICULTURE, Papers and Reports on the Sixteenth International Conference of Agricultural Economists, edited by Theodor Dams and Kenneth E. HuntDISTORTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES, edited by Theodore W. SchultzTHE CHICKEN WAR, by Ross B. TalbotTO FEED THIS WORLD, by Sterling Wortman and Ralph W. Cummings, Jr
Book of Intdernational Economics Affairs: MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES — A CONTINUING SAGA
Authors: Balasubramanyam V. N. 
Published: August 2012

AMERICAN MULTINATIONALS AND AMERICAN INTERESTS, by C. Fred Bergsten, Thomas Horst and Theodore H. MoranALTERNATIVES TO THE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE, by Mark CassonTHE ECONOMICS OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE, by Neil Hood and Stephen Young
Exports and International Logistics*
Authors: Behar Alberto , Manners Philip , Nelson Benjamin D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBetter international logistics raise a developing country's exports, but the magnitude of the effect depends on the country's size. We apply a gravity model that accounts for firm heterogeneity and multilateral resistance to an international logistics index. A one standard deviation improvement in logistics is equivalent to a 14% reduction in distance. An average‐sized developing country would raise exports by approximately 36%. Most of the countries are much smaller than average, so the typical effect is 8%. This difference is chiefly due to the dampening effect of multilateral resistance, which is more important for small countries.
Productivity and Growth in UK Industries: An Intangible Investment Approach*
Authors: Borgo Mariela Dal , Goodridge Peter , Haskel Jonathan , Pesole Annarosa 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article calculates some facts for the ‘knowledge economy’. Using new data, first we document UK intangible investment and find that (i) this is greater than tangible investment by £37bn in 2008; (ii) R&D is 11% of total intangible investment, software 15%, and training and organizational capital 22% each; (iii) the most intangible‐intensive industries are manufacturing and financial services. Next, we measure the contribution of intangible capital to growth for 2000–08. We find that intangible capital accounts for 23% of labour productivity growth and treating intangibles as investment lowers total factor productivity growth in the 2000s by 24% (R&D lowers it by 3%).
Risk Management for Italian Non‐Financial Firms: Currency and Interest Rate Exposure
Authors: Bodnar Gordon M. , Consolandi Costanza , Gabbi Giampaolo , Jaiswal‐Dale Ameeta 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper surveys risk management practices among Italian non‐financial firms. This paper's contribution lies in investigating derivative usage particular to Italian businesses, a group whose public disclosure of derivative instruments is not routine. Italy is characterised by a high percentage of small and medium sized family run firms. The survey examines determinants of currency and interest rate derivative use with respect currency and to firm size, geographical location, rating, industry, access to capital markets and educated management. The results from the logistic regressions suggest that Italian non‐financial firms’ use of derivative contracts is strongly influenced by these characteristics.
Bequest Motives and the Demand for Life Insurance in East Germany
Authors: Sauter Nicolas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEmpirical studies of household saving remain inconclusive about the role of bequest motives. This may be due to the diluting effect of different tax regimes across countries and time on estimates of bequest motives. Relative to market-based economies, the former German Democratic Republic can be viewed as an experimental institutional setting where life-insurance demand was not influenced by tax considerations. This allows isolating bequest motives from other life-cycle and precautionary savings motives. Analyzing the demand for life insurance, we find a significantly higher ownership probability among households with children and a high regard for the family, confirming bequest motives in life-insurance demand.
The prevalence of chronic and episodic migraine in children and adolescents
Authors: Özge A. , Şaşmaz T. , Buğdaycı R. , Çakmak S. E. , Kurt A. Ö. , Kaleağası S. H. , Siva A. 
Published: August 2012

Background and purposeMigraine is the most important cause of headache leading to a decrease in the quality of life in children and adolescents. The prevalence of episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) increases with increasing age, which especially focused in recent years.MethodsTo evaluate the prevalence and determinants of migraine in children and adolescents, we performed this school‐based epidemiological study. First part of the study was performed in 2001 that included 5562 children. Second part of the study was performed in 2007 in adolescents including 1155 young. After the main reports published, we made a new analysis in the database that focused on migraine.ResultsTotally, 10.4% of the children, predominantly the girls, received the diagnosis of migraine when they grew older (1.7% CM, 8.6% EM). CM frequency increased with increasing ages (doubled at 12 years, P = 0.035). The significant risk factors for having CM were found to be age, gender, and father and sibling headache histories. Most of the clinical characteristics of migraine are far from classical knowledge in children with CM.In adolescents, 18.6% were diagnosed as migraine (1.5%CM, 17.1%EM) with a predominance of girls without age difference. When they reached puberty after 6 years, double the number of cases with CM was headache free. Most of the young changed their headache characteristics during the follow‐up period independent from management strategies.ConclusionsOur results showed that CM is an important cause of headache in both children and adolescents with some defining headache characteristics and risk factors concentrated in different age‐groups.
Floating Provisos and Sinking Islands
Authors: Kolers Avery 
Published: August 2012

abstractRising sea levels may sink entire countries. Individualistic solutions to this climate catastrophe, such as those proposed by Meisels and Risse, are inadequate on both Kantian and Lockean criteria. This article concurs with Cara Nine's recent argument that such ‘ecological refugee states’ are entitled to territorial remedies. But Nine's proposal, founded on Locke's ‘sufficiency’ proviso and Nozick's famous application of it to waterholes in the desert, is instructively incorrect. Careful consideration of the distinction between land and territory, and of the structure of Proviso arguments, supports a new theory of how territorial claims can be positive‐sum — how the amount of territory can increase even as the land base remains constant or decreases. This normative conception of territory as the ratio of justice to land use provides a better foundation for a political solution to the problem of ecological refugee states and also generates deeper insight into the nature of territory itself. The article thus contributes not only to our thinking about redress for ecological refugees, but also to the burgeoning literatures on territory and on the Lockean Provisos.
Embryonic development of the skull of the Andean lizard Ptychoglossus bicolor (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)
Authors: Hernández‐Jaimes Carlos , Jerez Adriana , Ramírez‐Pinilla Martha Patricia 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe study of cranial design and development in Gymnophthalmidae is important to understand the ontogenetic processes behind the morphological diversity of the group and to examine the possible effects of microhabitat use and other ecological parameters, as well as phylogenetic constraints, on skull anatomy. Complete morphological descriptions of embryonic skull development within Gymnophthalmidae are non‐existent. Likewise, very little is known about the complete chondrocranium of the family. Herein, the development of the skull of the semi‐fossorial lizard Ptychoglossus bicolor is described along with an examination of the chondrocranium of other gymnophthalmid taxa and the teiid Cnemidophorus lemniscatus. Cranial chondrification begins with early condensations in the ethmoid, orbitotemporal and occipital regions of the chondrocranium as well as the viscerocranium. Ossification of the skull starts with elements of the dermatocranium (pterygoid, prefrontal, maxilla and jugal). The orbitosphenoid is the last chondral bone to appear. At birth, the skull is almost completely ossified and exhibits a large frontoparietal fontanelle. In general terms, the chondrocranium of the gymnophthalmids studied is characteristic of lacertiform terrestrial lizards, in spite of their life habits, and resembles the chondrocranium of C. lemniscatus in many aspects. However, the gymnophthalmids show great variation in the orbitosphenoid and a complex nasal capsule. The latter exhibits greater development of some nasal cartilages, which make it more complex than in C. lemniscatus. These characteristics might be related to microhabitat use and the well‐developed olfactory and vomeronasal systems observed within this clade.
Cross‐sectional data on soft tissue morphometry of the growing hand and fingers of dextral individuals 5–65 years old
Authors: Mayhew T. M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study examines both hands of right‐handed (dextral) subjects 5–65 years old in order to define the separate growth trajectories of digit lengths (2D–5D) and hand widths; to assess how 2D : 4D and other digit ratios also vary with age; and to test whether lengths are influenced by gender dimorphism and lateral (right/left) asymmetry. Calliper measurements were made from hand photocopies. Growth patterns were analysed by linear regression and correlation, main and interaction effects of age and gender were resolved by analysis of variance, and lateral asymmetries were identified by paired tests. All digits, and hand width, grew in a biphasic pattern in both hands, and inflection points between phases showed gender dimorphism. In the early fast‐growing phase, male digits grew over a longer period than those in females, before switching to a slower growth phase during which gender dimorphism became more exaggerated. In right hands, age differences in digit ratios were confined to 2D : 4D and, except for 4D : 5D, females tended to show larger ratios than males. In left hands, all ratios (except 3D : 5D) varied with age and gender influenced only 2D : 4D, 2D : 5D and 3D : 5D. Again, ratios were greater in females. In females, 2D was longer in the right hand of older subjects, whilst 3D, 4D and 5D tended to be shorter in the right hand of younger subjects. No asymmetries were seen in 2D, 3D or 4D in males, but 5D tended to be shorter on the right in the group 9–12 years old. Finally, hand width tended to be greater in females on the right at 9–65 years old, and in males on the right at 18–23 years old. A further novel finding was that certain relationships (inflection points, correlation coefficients and gender differences in digit lengths) seemed to follow gradients running from 2D to 5D. It is tempting to speculate that these are manifestations of the antero‐posterior gradients established by signalling events that control digit development and patterning in utero.
THE PRESENT STATE OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS IN LATIN AMERICA
Authors: NORIEGA CARLOS 
Published: August 2012

This document attempts to give an overall review of the present situation of national accounts in Latin America, and deals essentially with the statistical basis and procedures used in their preparation.The purpose of these comments is to place the main problems common to all countries in order of priority and, in view of the need to advance and in the face of the task of establishing the present SNA, to discuss briefly the main lines which future work might follow.The stage of development so far reached by national accounts in Latin America is unsatisfactory if compared with the former system recommended by the United Nations two decades ago, and their recent evolution indicates that the rate of progress has fallen behind the advances made in the theoretical field in this connexion, and in relation to the increasing requirements of macroeconomic information for economic planning and policy. This whole picture becomes more meaningful if the objectives, structure and content of the present SNA, that has already been in force for five years, are compared with the present state of national accounts estimates in the region, which reveals the long road that lies ahead and the magnitude of the effort required if the present situation is to show a change for the better. Clearly, little progress can be made unless the basic statistics are expanded in scope and improved. This is the crux of the problem, towards which the greatest efforts and resources should primarily be channeled.It is necessary to adopt a critical approach and concerted action with respect to four aspects which characterize the national statistical systems in Latin America:
organizational problems and the shortage of human and financial resources;
the lack of co‐ordinated programmes of basic statistics;
the limited use of efficient methods of collecting data; and
the insufficient recourse to administrative records.
Testicular angina during hemodialysis: An unusual complication of ultrafiltration
Authors: Sequeira Adrian , Buffington Mary , Gu Xin , Abreo Kenneth 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDuring hemodialysis, the development of hypotension or symptoms suggestive of ischemia is used as a surrogate marker for the establishment of dry weight. These symptoms manifest commonly as muscle cramps, chest pain or abdominal pain. Hemodialysis patients are also prone to vascular calcification which may be medial or intimal. We report the case of a 68‐year‐old male who developed testicular pain while attempting to establish dry weight. Computerized tomography scan of his abdomen showed extensive vascular calcification. The end result in this case was bilateral orchiectomy. Histopathology revealed hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis with intimal calcification contributing to ischemia.
High incidence of rhesus enteric calicivirus infections and diarrhea in captive juvenile macaques: a likely association
Authors: Farkas Tibor , Falkenstein Kathrine P. , Bohm Rudolf P. , Pecotte Jerilyn , Sestak Karol 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe rhesus enteric caliciviruses (ReCVs) were recently described.MethodsPrevalence of ReCV antibodies was tested in six species of captive non‐human primates.ResultsHigh ReCV seroprevalence was revealed in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques.ConclusionsHigh rates of ReCV seroprevalence and diarrhea in juvenile macaques suggest that ReCVs may play a role in morbidity.
Clinical manifestations and treatment for keratocystic odontogenic tumors associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: a study in 25 Japanese patients
Authors: Shimada Yasuyuki , Morita Kei‐ichi , Kabasawa Yuji , Taguchi Takahide , Omura Ken 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundNevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant disorder and is characterized by tumorigenesis and physical deformity. Keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) of the jaws are a common manifestation of this syndrome. This study involved a pooled analysis of Japanese individuals with NBCCS and was performed with the aim of analyzing the clinical features of NBCCS and the patterns of occurrence and recurrence of KCOTs in Japanese individuals.MethodsThis study included 25 patients. The relative frequencies of the major symptoms in these patients were compared with those reported in the literature. We also investigated 11 patients with KCOTs (40 lesions) initially treated at Tokyo Medical and Dental University.ResultsKCOTs (100%) and palmar and/or plantar pits (n = 19; 76.0%) were the most frequently observed manifestations. Eleven patients (44.0%) had a radiologically confirmed rib anomaly. Nineteen patients (76.0%) had a family history of the syndrome within first‐degree relatives. Japanese patients had a relatively low frequency of basal cell carcinoma (n = 7; 28.0%) and falx calcification (n = 7; 28.0%) compared with that reported in other populations.Twelve of the total 40 KCOTs (30.0%) that were followed up for 6 months or more recurred. All recurrent cases had undergone conservative treatment, whereas no recurrences occurred in cases that had undergone radical treatment.ConclusionsRecurrence of KCOTs associated with NBCCS is frequently encountered, and further investigations are required to confirm the optimal treatment that will ensure a complete cure improving the patient's quality of life.
Proposal of screening method for intestinal mucus adhesive lactobacilli using the enzymatic activity of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)
Authors: KINOSHITA Hideki , IMOTO Shun , SUDA Yoshihito , ISHIDA Mitsuharu , WATANABE Masamichi , KAWAI Yasushi , KITAZAWA Haruki , MIURA Koh , HORII Akira , SAITO Tadao 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTAdhesion tests are complex, time‐consuming and expensive, while the most important criterion for a probiotic lactobacilli is the ability to adhere to the human intestine. Thirty lactobacilli isolates from human intestinal tissues were measured for cell surface glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity using a microtiter plate screening method. GAPDH activities were detected in 21 out of 30 samples from 12 h cultures and in all samples from 18 h cultures. This suggests GAPDH is universally expressed on the bacterial cell surfaces from many lactobacilli. A statistically significant positive correlation was shown between GAPDH activity and adhesion using the BIACORE adhesion assay (P < 0.01). The new screening method using GAPDH enzymatic activity without an adhesion test may be possible due to the significant positive correlation of GAPDH activity with adhesion of lactobacilli derived from the human intestine.
Effects of single caging and cage size on behavior and stress level of domestic neutered cats housed in an animal shelter
Authors: Uetake Katsuji , Goto Akihiro , Koyama Rumi , Kikuchi Rieko , Tanaka Toshio 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTCats need a minimum amount of space even in animal shelters. In this study the effects of single caging and cage size on the behavior and stress level of domestic cats were investigated. Six neutered cats (2–15 years old) that had been housed in a group for at least 7 months were moved to three kinds of single cages (small, medium and large) by rotation on a Latin square design. They experienced each cage size for 6 days. Cats could use vertical dimensions when housed in a group room and the large cage. Behavioral observation was conducted for 3 h in the evening, and stress levels were assessed by urine cortisol‐to‐creatinine ratios. The amounts (estimated proportions) of time spent in locomotion and social/solitary play were lower even in large cages than in group housing (both P < 0.05). Conversely, the amount of time spent resting tended to increase when housed singly (P = 0.104). The urine cortisol‐to‐creatinine ratios of singly housed cats tended to be higher than that of group‐housed cats (P = 0.086). The results indicate that cats become less active when they are housed singly in cages regardless of the cage size. Cats seem to feel no undue stress even in small cages if the stay is short.
Scarless needlescopic transabdominal preperiotneal inguinal hernia repair: An alternative to single‐incision repair
Authors: Yang George P.C. , Tung Karen L.M. , Lai Eric C.H. , Chan Oliver C.Y. , Tang Chung‐Ngai , Li Michael K.W. 
Published: August 2012

IntroductionThe two current standard laparoscopic approaches for inguinal hernia repair are transabdominal preperiotneal and totally extraperitoneal. Single‐incision repairs have been explored in an effort to further reduce the invasiveness of the surgery. However, with single incision, surgeons need to possess special skills and require special instruments. Needlescopic inguinal hernia repair could represent a more attractive alternative. Using a transumbilical incision, an almost scarless transabdominal preperiotneal can be achieved. In the present study, we report our experience of scarless needlescopic transabdominal preperiotneal inguinal hernia repair.Patients and MethodsThis is a prospective analysis of a cohort of patients with inguinal hernia who underwent elective scarless needlescopic transabdominal preperiotneal repair. Patient demographic data, type of hernia, operative time, perioperative and postoperative course, pain score and final patient satisfaction score were all recorded for analysis.ResultsIn March 2011, four patients received scarless needlescopic transabdominal preperiotneal for inguinal hernia repair. Their average age was 57.25 years. The mean operative time was 79.5 min. The patients were discharged on the same day. There were no postoperative complications.ConclusionScarless needlescopic transabdominal preperiotneal inguinal hernia repair is feasible and safe, and is well accepted by patients. Further studies will be conducted to evaluate its full potential.