bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of 3J(1H3′31P) couplings in a DNA oligomer with enhanced sensitivity employing a constant‐time TOCSY difference experiment
Authors: Reith Lorenz M. , Schlagnitweit Judith , Smrecki Vilko , Knör Günther , Müller Norbert , Schoefberger Wolfgang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA constant‐time TOCSY difference experiment for the determination of 3J(1H3′31P) coupling constants in non‐isotope‐labelled DNA oligonucleotides is presented. The method is tested on a DNA octamer and compared with the established constant‐time NOESY difference method. Each 3J(1H3′31P) coupling constant is determined from amplitude changes caused by phosphorous decoupling, which are observable on multiple cross‐peaks, thus leading to a high accuracy of the value of the 3J(1H3′31P) coupling constant. The new experiment delivers up to three times the sensitivity compared with previously reported methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A unique presentation of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome in relation to platelet size
Authors: Patel Payal D. , Samanich Joy M. , Mitchell William B. , Manwani Deepa 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWiskott–Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is a triad of immunodeficiency, eczema, and thrombocytopenia. Despite the heterogeneity of genetic and clinical findings, a correlation with small platelet size is routinely observed. Herein we describe a case with a unique phenotype that links normal mean platelet volume with the classic characteristics of this disease. The diagnosis was verified by genetic analysis showing a novel and de novo mutation. Our case illustrates that a high index of suspicion of WAS is warranted even in the setting of normal sized platelets. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1127–1129. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Origin and characteristics of massive ground ice on Herschel Island (western Canadian Arctic) as revealed by stable water isotope and Hydrochemical signatures
Authors: Fritz Michael , Wetterich Sebastian , Meyer Hanno , Schirrmeister Lutz , Lantuit Hugues , Pollard Wayne H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHerschel Island in the southern Beaufort Sea is a push moraine at the northwestern‐most limit of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Stable water isotope (δ18O, δD) and hydrochemical studies were applied to two tabular massive ground ice bodies to unravel their genetic origin. Buried glacier ice or basal regelation ice was encountered beneath an ice‐rich diamicton with strong glaciotectonic deformation structures. The massive ice isotopic composition was highly depleted in heavy isotopes (mean δ18O: −33‰; mean δD: −258‰), suggesting full‐glacial conditions during ice formation. Other massive ice of unknown origin with a very large δ18O range (from −39 to −21‰) was found adjacent to large, striated boulders. A clear freezing slope was present with progressive depletion in heavy isotopes towards the centre of the ice body. Fractionation must have taken place during closed‐system freezing, possibly of a glacial meltwater pond. Both massive ground ice bodies exhibited a mixed ion composition suggestive of terrestrial waters with a marine influence. Hydrochemical signatures resemble the Herschel Island sediments that are derived from near‐shore marine deposits upthrust by the Laurentide ice. A prolonged contact between water feeding the ice bodies and the surrounding sediment is therefore inferred. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution structure and fluctuation of the Mg2+‐bound form of calmodulin C‐terminal domain
Authors: Ohashi Wakana , Hirota Hiroshi , Yamazaki Toshio 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCalmodulin (CaM) is a Ca2+‐binding protein that functions as a ubiquitous Ca2+‐signaling molecule, through conformational changes from the “closed” apo conformation to the “open” Ca2+‐bound conformation. Mg2+ also binds to CaM and stabilizes its folded structure, but the NMR signals are broadened by slow conformational fluctuations. Using the E104D/E140D mutant, designed to decrease the signal broadening in the presence of Mg2+ with minimal perturbations of the overall structure, the solution structure of the Mg2+‐bound form of the CaM C‐terminal domain was determined by multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. The Mg2+‐induced conformational change mainly occurred in EF hand IV, while EF‐hand III retained the apo structure. The helix G and helix H sides of the binding sequence undergo conformational changes needed for the Mg2+ coordination, and thus the helices tilt slightly. The aromatic rings on helix H move to form a new cluster of aromatic rings in the hydrophobic core. Although helix G tilts slightly to the open orientation, the closed conformation is maintained. The fact that the Mg2+‐induced conformational changes in EF‐hand IV and the hydrophobic core are also seen upon Ca2+ binding suggests that the Ca2+‐induced conformational changes can be divided into two categories, those specific to Ca2+ and those common to Ca2+ and Mg2+.
A study of the electronic, optical and thermal properties for ZnAl2Se4 using the FP‐LAPW method
Authors: Verma Udai Pratap , Singh Poonam , Jensen Per 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe have calculated the structural parameters, electronic band structures, density of state plot, optical spectra, and thermal properties of ZnAl2Se4 using the full potential linear augmented wave method. The exchange and correlation potentials were calculated using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE‐GGA) and the GGA modified by Engel–Vosko (EV‐GGA). The results thus obtained are compared with each other and with available experimental data. It has been found that ZnAl2Se4 is a direct wide bandgap semiconductor at ambient conditions (P = 0, T = 0). With the decreasing volume of the unit cell, both the direct (Γ–Γ) and indirect (Γ–H) energy gaps increase and at a = 10.1 Bohr, they coincide. The energy gaps start decreasing with a further decrease of unit‐cell volume with a change in the nature of the energy bandgap from direct to indirect. The optical properties show a considerable anisotropy, which makes this compound very useful for various linear–nonlinear optical devices. We find in the present work that the effects of temperature and pressure on different thermal parameters are significant and very useful for optimizing crystal growth.
Calculations of structural, elastic, electronic, and optical properties of trigonal CdI2
Authors: Liu Qi‐Jun , Liu Zheng‐Tang , Feng Li‐Ping 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe have performed ab‐initio total‐energy calculations using the plane‐wave ultrasoft pseudopotential technique based on the first‐principles density‐functional theory (DFT) to study structural parameters, elastic, electronic, chemical bonding, and optical properties of trigonal CdI2. The calculated lattice parameters and independent elastic constants are in good agreement with previous experimental works. The bulk, shear, and Young's moduli, Poisson coefficients are obtained using Voigt–Reuss–Hill method. According to the calculations of band structure, density of states and charge densities, electronic, and chemical‐bonding properties have been studied. The complex dielectric functions, refractive index, and extinction coefficient are calculated and analyzed.
Estimating the patent premium: Evidence from the Australian Inventor Survey
Authors: Jensen Paul H. , Thomson Russell , Yong Jongsay 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper we use novel survey data on 1,790 Australian inventions to estimate the average patent premium, which provides an important benchmark for technology managers and IP professionals. Our data are drawn from the Australian Inventor Survey, which was sent to all Australian applicants who submitted a patent application to the Australian Patent Office from 1986 to 2005. Since some patent applications were unsuccessful, we have information about the private value of both patented and unpatented inventions. Our results suggest that the presence of a patent increases the returns to an invention by around 40 to 50 percent regardless of how we define ‘value.’ Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimally Stable Nanoparticle‐Based Colorimetric Assay for Simple, Rapid, and Sensitive Antibody Structure and Activity Evaluation
Authors: Woo Jung‐Reem , Lim Dong‐Kwon , Nam Jwa‐Min 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA gold nanoparticle‐based colorimetric antibody structure and activity evaluation method is developed without using complicated and expensive instrumentation. In this assay, a minimum number of antibodies to stabilize nanoparticles are conjugated to gold nanoparticles to prepare minimally stable nanoparticle probes, and the addition of salt rapidly induced particle aggregation and a color change of the solution from red to blue (25‐min assay time). It is found that the solution color change is affected by the degree of structural denaturation of antibodies, and the conformational change of antibodies affects the modification of antibodies to nanoparticles and particle stability. Importantly, the colorimetric method can be applied to different types of antibodies (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and it shows comparable or better structural sensitivity than conventional circular dichroism spectroscopy. Moreover, immunoassay results show that these structural changes of antibodies are highly correlated with their antigen‐binding activities. Rapid particle aggregation and high structural sensitivity are achieved in this assay because particles are modified with a minimum number of antibodies to stabilize particles in solution. This nanoparticle‐based colorimetric method could be useful in evaluating the structural and activity changes of an array of antibodies in an easy, rapid, and sensitive manner.
Mechanisms of endonuclease‐mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Schoenberg Daniel R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEndonuclease cleavage was one of the first identified mechanisms of mRNA decay but until recently it was thought to play a minor role to the better‐known processes of deadenylation, decapping, and exonuclease‐catalyzed decay. Most of the early examples of endonuclease decay came from studies of a particular mRNA whose turnover changed in response to hormone, cytokine, developmental, or nutritional stimuli. Only a few of these examples of endonuclease‐mediated mRNA decay progressed to the point where the enzyme responsible for the initiating event was identified and studied in detail. The discovery of microRNAs and RISC‐catalyzed endonuclease cleavage followed by the identification of PIN (pilT N‐terminal) domains that impart endonuclease activity to a number of the proteins involved in mRNA decay has led to a resurgence of interest in endonuclease‐mediated mRNA decay. PIN domains show no substrate selectivity and their involvement in a number of decay pathways highlights a recurring theme that the context in which an endonuclease function is a primary factor in determining whether any given mRNA will be targeted for decay by this or the default exonuclease‐mediated decay processes. WIREs RNA 2011 2 582–600 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.78This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Complete solution to elastic field around an elliptic punch
Authors: Roy A. , Basu U. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe problem of a rigid flat indentor resting on a transversely isotropic medium under external forces is reexamined. The contacting surface is an elliptic region. Both normal and tangential indentation are considered. Unlike the usual approach, we do not use ellipsoidal co‐ordinate system. The integral equations for prescribed normal and tangential indentation are first solved in cartesian co‐ordinate system for the unknown stress on the contact plane. A series of transformation and known results of integrals involving Bessel functions are then used to derive exact and complete solutions to the displacement and stress inside the half space. The result is exact in the sense that it involves a finite integration which must be evaluated numerically. Such a complete solution to the elliptic punch problem in cartesian co‐ordinate has not been obtained before. We also obtain the asymptotic form of the field near the border of the contact region. The corresponding result for an isotropic medium is obtained by a limiting process.
Defining Surgical Role Models and Their Influence on Career Choice
Authors: Ravindra P. , Fitzgerald J. E. F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundPositive encounters with surgeons have previously been shown to influence perceptions of surgical careers. Despite this, negative perceptions persist. We investigated whether identifying role models in surgery influences career choice and defined the ideal qualities of a surgical role model as perceived by newly qualified doctors.MethodsA 36‐item questionnaire was distributed to newly qualified graduates from a large UK medical school. Results were analysed using GraphPad Prism 5.00.ResultsQuestionnaires were returned by 208 of 320 graduates (65%). Median age was 24 years (range = 23–51); 63% female, 37% male; 71% standard undergraduate course, 28% graduate‐entry course. Overall, 131 respondents (63%) felt they were able to identify a surgical role model; there were no statistically significant differences between gender or course type. There was a significant difference between identification of a surgical role model and interest in pursuing surgical careers (P = 0.0006), with 41% of those who identified a role model interested compared with 17% of those who did not. Overall, 564 key qualities for a surgical role model were suggested by respondents. These were grouped by theme, with common attributes including good teacher, enthusiastic, and approachable.ConclusionsJunior doctors were twice as likely to express interest in pursuing a surgical career if they identified a positive surgical role model. Changes in medical school demographics are occurring, with increasing proportions of female and graduate‐entry doctors. These groups are less likely to choose a surgical career, so promoting interest in surgery will become increasingly important to maintain high‐quality applicants. Defining and promoting perceptions of surgical role models to the wider surgical community may be one way of addressing this.
Effect of Fatty Acid Composition of Monoglycerides and Shear on the Polymorph Behavior in Water‐in‐Palm Oil‐Based Blend
Authors: Shiota M. , Iwasawa A. , Kotera M. , Konno M. , Isogai T. , Tanaka L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEffect of the fatty acid composition of monoglycerides and shear on the polymorphic behavior in a water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsion semi‐solid fats blend was investigated. The bulk fat blend and the W/O emulsion fat blend with added either unsaturated or saturated monoglycerides were prepared using a rapid cooling heat exchanger, and the polymorphic transitions from β′ to β‐form during storage were compared by X‐ray diffraction. The peak intensity of the β‐polymorph of the samples with added saturated monoglycerides was stronger than that of unsaturated monoglycerides, and the peak intensity of the β‐polymorph of the W/O fat blend emulsions was stronger than that of the bulk fat blends. The polymorphic transition to the β‐form during storage of the W/O emulsion fat blend was promoted by the applied shear. In contrast, that of the bulk fat blend was retarded by shear. These results suggested that fatty acids, which combined to monoglycerides on the surface of water droplets, influenced the polymorph transformation of the fat crystal network in a continuous semi‐solid fat phase because of the acyl–acyl interactions between the fatty acid residues of the monoglycerides and triacylglycerols in the fat crystal network.
A STUDY USING DEMOGRAPHIC DATA OF GENETIC DRIFT AND NATURAL SELECTION IN AN ISOLATED MEDITERRANEAN COMMUNITY: BAYÁRCAL (LA ALPUJARRA, SOUTH-EAST SPAIN)
Authors: LUNA F. , TARELHO A. R. , CAMARGO A. M. , ALONSO V. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryNatural selection and genetic drift are two evolutionary mechanisms that can be analysed in human populations using their fertility and mortality patterns, and their reproductive size and isolation, respectively. This paper analyses the models of natural selection and genetic drift in Bayárcal, south-east Spain, and compares them with the observed models in the rest of the Alpujarran region. Demographic data were obtained from a sample of 77 families (48.45% of the population, with 547 inhabitants). The genetic drift and natural selection action was evaluated with the Coefficient of Breeding Isolation (CBI of Lasker and Kaplan) and Crow's index, respectively. The CBI (23.23/12.61) suggests that genetic drift is near to acting, and Crow's index (I=0.58) is slightly higher than that observed in the rest of La Alpujarra. Although the reproductive isolation of Bayárcal is not effective enough for genetic drift to act, it is near when marital migrants inside the Bayárcal valley are considered as a native population. The natural selection pattern is not different from that of the rest of La Alpujarra, but it tends towards the model of developing communities, where the demographic transition has not yet begun.
China in World War II, 1937–1945: Experience, Memory, and Legacy
Authors: MITTER RANA , MOORE AARON WILLIAM 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChina's long war against Japan from 1937 to 1945 has remained in the shadows of historiography until recently, both in China and abroad. In recent years, the opening of archives and a widening of the opportunity to discuss the more controversial aspects of the wartime period in China itself have restored World War II in China (‘the War of Resistance to Japan’) to a much more central place in historical interpretation. Among the areas that this issue covers are the new socio-political history of the war that seeks to restore rationality to the policies of the Guomindang (Nationalist) party, as well as a new understanding in post-war China of the meaning of the war against Japan in shaping Cold War and post-Cold War politics in China. In doing so, it seeks to make more explicit the link between themes that shaped the experience of World War II in China to the war's legacy in later politics and the uses of memory of the conflict in contemporary Chinese society.
Writing about Atrocity: Wartime Accounts and their Contemporary Uses
Authors: COBLE PARKS M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn today's China, public memory of the War of Resistance against Japan, 1937–1945, is more visible than ever. Museums, movies, television programmes, and commemorations focus heavily on the victimization of the Chinese people at the hands of the Japanese invaders. Japanese atrocities, particularly the Nanjing Massacre, are at the centre of much of this remembering. But what of the wartime period? How did journalists and writers discuss Japanese atrocities? This paper finds that most wartime writing stressed the theme of ‘heroic resistance’ by the Chinese rather than China's victimization at the hands of Japanese. Exceptions to this approach included efforts to publicize Japan's action to Western audiences in the hope of gaining support for China's cause, and a related focus on the bombing of the civilian population by the Japanese. This paper suggests major differences between the current approach to remembering the war and to writing during the war itself.
Applying full conserving dielectric function to the energy loss straggling
Authors: Barriga-Carrasco Manuel D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to calculate proton energy loss straggling using a full conserving dielectric function (FCDF) for plasmas at any degeneracy. This dielectric function takes into account plasma electron-electron collision considering density, momentum, and energy conservation. When only momentum conservation law is accomplished, the FCDF reproduces the well known Mermin dielectric function, when none of the conservations laws are obeyed, the random phase approximation (RPA) is recovered. Then, the FCDF is applied for the first time to the determination of the energy loss straggling. Differences among diverse dielectric functions to determine straggling follow the same behavior for all kind of plasmas then, they do not depend on the plasma degeneracy but essentially do on the value of the collision frequency. These discrepancies can rise up to 5% between FCDF values and the Mermin ones, and 2% between the FCDF ones and RPA ones for plasma with high enough collision frequency. The similarity between FCDF and RPA results is not surprising, as all conservation laws are also considered in RPA dielectric function. The fact that FCDF and RPA give similar results and the fact that FCDF considers electron-electron collisions and RPA does not, means that latter collisions are not significant for energy loss straggling calculations.
Anaemia, lead poisoning and vitamin D deficiency in low-income children: do current screening recommendations match the burden of illness?
Authors: Kersey Margaret , Chi Ming , B Cutts Diana 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveLow-income children are routinely screened for anaemia and elevated blood lead levels (EBLL) but not for vitamin D deficiency. We sought to determine the relative prevalence of and the relationship among vitamin D deficiency, anaemia and EBLL among healthy low-income paediatric clinic patients.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingPaediatric outpatient clinic in an urban safety net hospital in a northern US state.SubjectsHealthy toddlers and children under 6 years of age (n 127) who were seen for a routine well child check-up (WCC).ResultsThe prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 30 ng/ml) was 62 %; the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml) was 29 %. These rates were far higher than those for anaemia (Hb < 11·0 g/dl) at 10 %, EBLL (Pb > 9 μg/dl) at 1 % or even mildly EBLL (Pb 5–9 μg/dl) at 4 % (range: 1–11). There was no relationship among any of the following: vitamin D status, anaemia or EBLL. The vast majority of children with vitamin D deficiency had both normal Hb (86 %) and Pb level (100 %). After controlling for child's age, gender and race/ethnicity, there was no association between Hb (continuous, g/dl) and vitamin D deficiency (adjusted OR (aOR) = 0·97, 95 % CI 0·64, 1·47; P = 0·88). The only significant predictor of vitamin D deficiency was increasing age in years (aOR = 1·39, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·86; P = 0·03). None of these associations changed materially when deficiency was defined as <15 ng/ml.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency was far more common than anaemia or EBLL, and Hb and Pb status were not predictors of vitamin D status.