bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular mobility in comb‐like copolymethacrylates with chalcone‐containing side‐chains
Authors: Nikonorova Natalia A , Diaz‐Calleja Ricardo , Yakimansky Alexander V 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe molecular mobility of comb‐like copolymers of amyl methacrylate with N‐methacryloyl‐(4‐amino‐4′‐bromochalcone) with various concentrations (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mol%) of chalcone‐containing comonomer was studied using dielectric spectroscopy. It was found that chalcone chromophores participate in two forms of molecular mobility: cooperative motion in the rubbery state (δ‐relaxation) and local motion in the glassy state (β‐relaxation). In addition, α‐, β1‐ and γ‐processes, being related to cooperative segmental mobility, to local motion of ester groups adjacent to the backbone and to local motion of terminal side‐groups, respectively, were evident. The molecular mobility of the β1‐, β‐ and γ‐processes changed slightly with the concentration of chromophore groups. For the δ‐ and α‐processes, the glass transition temperatures, Tδ and Tg, increased with the molar fraction of chalcone groups, the difference between them remaining nearly constant (ca 55 °C). The Tδ values obtained should be considered as optimal temperatures for the corona‐poling of the chromophore‐containing polymers for the preparation of second‐order nonlinear optical polymer films with non‐centrosymmetric arrangement of chromophore groups. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic block polymers with amino groups and their conjugates with folic acid and fluorescent probes
Authors: Mo Guojun , Yue Jun , Ma Ping'an , Chen Xuesi , Huang Yubin , Jing Xiabin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAmphiphilic amino‐bearing biodegradable copolymers, [methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol)]‐block‐poly[(L‐lactide)‐co‐(serinol carbonate)] (mPEG‐block‐P(LA‐co‐CA)), are prepared by synthesizing amino‐bearing cyclic carbonate monomer N‐benzoxycarbonylserinol carbonate (CAB) starting from serinol, by ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide and CAB using diethylzinc as catalyst and mPEG as macroinitiator, and by subsequent removal of the protective benzyloxycarbonyl groups by HBr treatment. After deprotection, the pendant amino groups on the carbonate units are reacted with N‐hydroxylsuccinimide‐activated folic acid (FA) to achieve mPEG‐block‐P(LA‐co‐CA/FA) conjugate and with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to achieve mPEG‐block‐P(LA‐co‐CA/FITC) conjugate. The structures of mPEG‐block‐P(LA‐co‐CAB), mPEG‐block‐P(LA‐co‐CA), mPEG‐block‐P(LA‐co‐CA/FA) and mPEG‐block‐P(LA‐co‐CA/FITC) are confirmed using 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The block copolymers can self‐assemble into micelles in aqueous solution. Because of the functionality of FA and FITC, these copolymers can find important applications in drug delivery systems to serve as targeting moieties and fluorescent probes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel approach to modify poly(vinylidene fluoride) via iron‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization using activators generated by electron transfer
Authors: Zhao Tao , Zhang Lifen , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhou Nianchen , Cheng ZhenPing , Zhu XiuLin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIron‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization using activators generated by electron transfer directly from the secondary fluorine atoms on the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) backbone, using methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) as the monomers, FeCl3·6H2O as the catalyst, PPh3 as the ligand, and vitamin C as the reducing agent, was demonstrated in the presence of limited amounts of air. The successful syntheses of the corresponding graft copolymers PVDF‐g‐PMMA and PVDF‐g‐PPEGMA were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The graft copolymers PVDF‐g‐PPEGMA can be readily cast into porous hydrophilic microfiltration membranes by phase inversion in an aqueous medium. The morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The surface and bulk hydrophilicity were evaluated on the basis of static water contact angle and the steady adsorption of bovine serum albumin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Electrospun polymer nanofibers: Mechanical and thermodynamic perspectives
Authors: Arinstein Arkadii , Zussman Eyal 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article reviews and discusses some open problems concerning polymer materials of reduced sizes and dimensions. Such objects exhibit exceptional physical properties when compared with their macroscopic counterparts. More specifically, abrupt increases in polymer nanofiber elastic modulus have been observed when diameters drop below a certain value. In addition, temperature dependence of elastic modulus is highly influenced by fiber diameter. Mechanical (macroscopic) analyses have failed to provide satisfactory explanations for the mechanisms ruling such features, calling for detailed microscopic examination of the systems in question. A hypothesis bridging the current knowledge gaps is presented. The key element of this hypothesis is based on confinement of the supermolecular microstructure of polymer nanofibers and its dominant role in the deformation process. This suggestion challenges the commonly held view suggesting that surface effects are the most significant parameters impacting mechanical and thermodynamic nanofiber behaviors. The review will focus on the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of electrospun polymer nanofibers, selected as representatives of nanoscale polymer objects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Integration of soil application and seed treatment formulations of Trichoderma species for management of wet root rot of mungbean caused by Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Dubey Sunil C , Bhavani Ranganaicker , Singh Birendra 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The efficacy of seed dressing and soil application formulations from the isolates of Trichoderma viride (IARI P1; MTCC 5369), T. virens (IARI P3; MTCC 5370) and T. harzianum (IARI P4; MTCC 5371) were evaluated individually and in combination in pot and field experiments during the rainy seasons of 2005, 2006 and 2007 for the management of wet root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) and improvement in the yield of mungbean.RESULTS: A seed dressing formulation, Pusa 5SD, and soil application formulations, Pusa Biogranule 6 (PBG 6) and Pusa Biopellet 16G (PBP 16G), based on Trichoderma virens, were found to be superior to other formulations in reducing disease incidence and increasing seed germination and shoot and root lengths in mungbean. In field experiments, a combination of soil application with PBP 16G (T. virens) and seed treatment with Pusa 5SD (T. virens) + carboxin was superior to any of these formulations individually in increasing seed germination, shoot and root lengths and grain yield and reducing wet root rot incidence in mungbean. Seed treatment was more effective than soil application for all the evaluated parameters. The combined application of Pusa 5SD and carboxin was also superior to individual treatment.CONCLUSION: The efficacy of the evaluated formulations against wet root rot of mungbean proved that the integration of soil application of PBP 16G and seed treatment with Pusa 5SD + carboxin is highly effective for the management of wet root rot, increasing plant growth and grain yield of mungbean Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Theoretical modeling of growth processes, extended defects, and electronic properties of III‐nitride semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Lymperakis Liverios , Abu‐Farsakh Hazem , Marquardt Oliver , Hickel Tilmann , Neugebauer Jörg 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAb initio based simulations have been proven in the past to be and still are a valuable and indispensable tool in the field of III‐nitride semiconductors. They have been successfully used to explain, describe and guide growth and characterization experiments and to address a large variety of material problems at different length scales. In the present report we review on five selected topics which span different length scales, various method developments, and diverse material properties that have been theoretically addressed within the research group “Physics of nitride‐based, nanostructured, light emitting devices.”magnified image
Schematic representation of theoretical modeling in synergy with experiment. Left: Ab initio calculated potential energy surface for adatom diffusion on the side facets of a GaN nanowire [theory from L. Lymperakis et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 241308 (2009), SEM image from T. Aschenbrenner et al., Nanotechnology 20, 075604 (2009)]. Right: Electrostatic potential in a QD calculated by Poisson solver [theory from O. Marquardt et al., J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083707 (2009), HRTEM image from A. Pretorius et al., J. Cryst. Growth 310, 748 (2008)].
High‐pressure Raman investigation of the semiconductor antimony oxide
Authors: Geng Aihui , Cao Lihua , Wan Chunming , Ma Yanmei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe in situ high‐pressure behavior of the semiconductor antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy techniques in a diamond anvil cell up to 20 GPa at room temperature. New peaks in the external lattice mode range emerged at a pressure above 8.6‐15 GPa, suggesting that the structural phase transition occurred. The pressure dependence of Raman frequencies was obtained. The band at 139 cm‐1 (assigned to group mode) has a pressure dependence of ‐0.475 cm‐1/GPa and reveals significant softening at high pressure. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microcrystalline Si nanorods by glancing angle hot wire CVD and application in organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells
Authors: Guo Wanwu , Liu Fengzhen , Zhu Meifang , Zhou Yuqin , Liu Jinlong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAligned microcrystalline Si nanorods (SiNRs) were prepared by glancing angle hot wire chemical vapour deposition (GLAD‐HWCVD). SiNRs with uniform diameter in the growth direction were obtained on the Si substrate patterned with silica nanospheres. The crystallization character of SiNRs was discussed. The organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells consisted of SiNRs array as the electron acceptor and 3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT) as the electron donor were fabricated by spin coating P3HT solution into the SiNRs array. The effects of ITO or Au as the anode on the performances of the solar cells were compared. The conversion efficiency of 1% was obtained for SiNRs / P3HT hybrid solar cell. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A distributed architecture for a robotic platform with aerial sensor transportation and self‐deployment capabilities
Authors: Maza Ivan , Caballero Fernando , Capitan Jesus , Martinez‐de‐Dios J.R. , Ollero Anibal 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper presents the architecture developed in the framework of the AWARE project for the autonomous distributed cooperation between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), wireless sensor/actuator networks, and ground camera networks. One of the main goals was the demonstration of useful actuation capabilities involving multiple ground and aerial robots in the context of civil applications. A novel characteristic is the demonstration in field experiments of the transportation and deployment of the same load with single/multiple autonomous aerial vehicles. The architecture is endowed with different modules that solve the usual problems that arise during the execution of multipurpose missions, such as task allocation, conflict resolution, task decomposition, and sensor data fusion. The approach had to satisfy two main requirements: robustness for operation in disaster management scenarios and easy integration of different autonomous vehicles. The former specification led to a distributed design, and the latter was tackled by imposing several requirements on the execution capabilities of the vehicles to be integrated in the platform. The full approach was validated in field experiments with different autonomous helicopters equipped with heterogeneous devices onboard, such as visual/infrared cameras and instruments to transport loads and to deploy sensors. Four different missions are presented in this paper: sensor deployment and fire confirmation with UAVs, surveillance with multiple UAVs, tracking of firemen with ground and aerial sensors/cameras, and load transportation with multiple UAVs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A min–max combination of biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Liu Chunling , Liu Aiyi , Halabi Susan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDiagnostic accuracy can be improved considerably by combining multiple biomarkers. Although the likelihood ratio provides optimal solution to combination of biomarkers, the method is sensitive to distributional assumptions which are often difficult to justify. Alternatively simple linear combinations can be considered whose empirical solution may encounter intensive computation when the number of biomarkers is relatively large. Moreover, the optimal linear combinations derived under multivariate normality may suffer substantial loss of efficiency if the distributions are apart from normality. In this paper, we propose a new approach that linearly combines the minimum and maximum values of the biomarkers. Such combination only involves searching for a single combination coefficient that maximizes the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and is thus computation‐effective. Simulation results show that the min–max combination may yield larger partial or full area under the ROC curves and is more robust against distributional assumptions. The methods are illustrated using the growth‐related hormones data from the Growth and Maturation in Children with Autism or Autistic Spectrum Disorder Study (Autism/ASD Study). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bringing Scheme programming to the iPhone—Experience
Authors: Bainomugisha Engineer , Vallejos Jorge , Boix Elisa Gonzalez , Costanza Pascal , D'Hondt Theo , De Meuter Wolfgang 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe iPhone SDK provides a powerful platform for the development of applications that make use of iPhone capabilities, such as sensors, GPS, Wi‐Fi, or Bluetooth connectivity. We observe that so far the development of iPhone applications has mostly been restricted to using Objective‐C. However, developing applications in plain Objective‐C on the iPhone OS suffers from limitations, such as the need for explicit memory management and lack of syntactic extension mechanism. Moreover, when developing distributed applications in Objective‐C, programmers have to manually deal with distribution concerns, such as service discovery, remote communication, and failure handling. In this paper, we discuss our experience in porting the Scheme programming language to the iPhone OS and how it can be used together with Objective‐C to develop iPhone applications. To support the interaction between Scheme programs and the underlying iPhone APIs, we have implemented a language symbiosis layer that enables programmers to access the iPhone SDK libraries from Scheme. In addition, we have designed high‐level distribution constructs to ease the development of distributed iPhone applications in an event‐driven style. We validate and discuss these constructs with a series of examples, including an iPod controller, a maps application, and a distributed multiplayer Scrabble‐like game. We discuss the lessons learned from this experience for other programming language ports to mobile platforms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time Dependent Effects in Surface Tension Measurements of an Industrial Fe‐alloy
Authors: Wunderlich R. K. , Fecht H.‐J. , Schick M. , Egry I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe surface tension of an industrial FeC‐alloy containing Si, Mn and S in the few atomic per cent range was measured by the oscillating drop method in ground based electromagnetic levitation and under reduced gravity conditions on board a parabolic flight. The results from the parabolic flight exhibited a large variation between different heating cycles and a discrepancy with the ground based experiments with regard to the value of the surface tension at the liquidus temperature and the temperature coefficient. The variation of the surface tension temperature coefficient is interpreted as resulting from the loss of volatile surface active components such as S and Si in subsequent heating cycles. The results demonstrate the importance of the time scale of the measurement and ambient atmosphere for surface tension measurements of industrial alloys containing volatile surface active components. For comparison with the experimental values the surface tension and segregation were modelled using different models. As a result of the analysis, the surface tension as a function of temperature best representing the starting industrial alloy is obtained as σ(T) = 1.52–1.53 10‐4 (T–1752K) Nm‐1.
Recycling Rubber Tyres and Waste Plastics in EAF Steelmaking
Authors: Sahajwalla V. , Zaharia M. , Rahman M. , Khanna R. , Saha‐Chaudhury N. , O'Kane P. , Dicker J. , Skidmore C. , Knights D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractElectric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking uses different carbon based materials as foaming agents. Depending on cost and availability, anthracite and metallurgical coke are among the conventional injecting materials. Considering the energy and green house gas emissions requirements, alternative carbon sources are put on the spot to replace, at least partially, the conventional materials, i.e. waste materials such as rubber and high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastics may react with gas and slag phases resulting in devolatilization, combustion and iron oxide reduction reactions. The addition of waste tyres and waste plastics in EAF steelmaking has been studied in detail by our groups at UNSW and OneSteel is developing a method for EAFs to use blends of different proportions of rubber/HDPE plastics and coke as a slag foaming agent. Initially, laboratory investigations were carried out to establish the feasibility of carbon and polymer blends as foaming agents. The enhanced slag foaming performance compared to coke was found to be in good accordance with the results obtained in the laboratory indicating an increased slag volume when using polymeric blends. Following the successful installation of materials handling systems at both plants, the use of a rubber and coke blend is no longer considered a trial and is instead standard practice.
Isolation and characterization of Mexican jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L) seeds starch in two mature stages
Authors: Madrigal‐Aldana Deyanira L. , Tovar‐Gómez Beatriz , de Oca Miguel Mata‐Montes , Sáyago‐Ayerdi Sonia G. , Gutierrez‐Meraz Felipe , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStarch was isolated from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L) seeds grown in México at different stages of fruit maturity and ripeness. Seeds represent about 8–15% from the fruit that can weigh around 2–36 kg. Proximate composition of seeds showed a high protein content (ca. 22%). Starch yield was 14% with a purity of 81% in both ripeness stages and AM content was lower (12.27%) than other non‐common starch sources. The starch granules in physiological mature (PM) and consumption ripeness (CR) jackfruit showed birefringence with diverse shapes such as semi‐oval or bell shapes. The size of starch granules for PM ranged between 3 and 9.5 µm and for CR between 3 and 12 µm. A‐type XRD pattern was similar to cereal starches. PM starch had higher peak viscosity than CR, but CR did not show breakdown; both starches presented setback during cooling. Thermal properties of gelatinization and retrogradation in PM and CR starches were similar. Characterization performed on this non‐common starch showed that it could be an alternative to use in food systems.
Zwei Dodekahydro‐closo‐Dodekaborate mit Lone‐Pair‐Kationen der 6. Periode im Vergleich: Tl2[B12H12] und Pb(H2O)3[B12H12]·3H2O
Authors: Tiritiris Ioannis , Van Nguyen‐Duc , Schleid Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDuring the reaction of an aqueous solution of (H3O)2[B12H12] with Tl2CO3 anhydrous thallium(I) dodecahydro‐closo‐dodecaborate Tl2[B12H12] is obtained as colorless, spherical single crystals. It crystallizes in the cubic system with the centrosymmetric space group Fm$\bar{3}$ (a = 1074.23(8) pm, Z = 4) in an anti‐CaF2 type structure. Four quasi‐icosahedral [B12H12]2– anions (d(B–B) = 180–181 pm, d(B–H) = 111 pm) exhibit coordinative influence on each Tl+ cation and provide a twelvefold coordination in the shape of a cuboctahedron (d(Tl–H) = 296 pm). There is no observable stereochemical activity of the non‐bonding electron pairs (6s2 lone pairs) at the Tl+ cations. By neutralization of an aqueous solution of the acid (H3O)2[B12H12] with PbCO3 and after isothermic evaporation colorless, plate‐like single crystals of lead(II) dodecahydro‐closo‐dodecaborate hexahydrate Pb(H2O)3[B12H12]·3H2O can be isolated. This compound crystallizes orthorhombically with the non‐centrosymmetric space group Pna21 (a = 1839.08(9), b = 1166.52(6), c = 717.27(4) pm, Z = 4). The crystal structure of Pb(H2O)3[B12H12]·3H2O is characterized as a layer‐like arrangement. The Pb2+ cations are coordinated in first sphere by only three oxygen atoms from water molecules (d(Pb–O) = 247–248 pm). But a coordinative influence of the [B12H12]2– anions (d(B–B) = 173–181 pm, d(B–H) = 93–122 pm) on lead has to be stated, too, as three hydrogen atoms from three different hydroborate anions are attached to the Pb2+ cations (d(Pb–H) = 258–270 pm) completing their first‐sphere coordination number to six. These three oxygen and three hydrogen ligands are arranged as quite irregular polyhedron leaving enough space for a stereochemical lone‐pair activity (6sp) at each Pb2+ cation. Since additional intercalating water of hydration is present as well, both classical H–Oδ–···+δH–O‐ and unconventional B–Hδ–···+δH–O hydrogen bonds play a significant role in the stabilization of the entire crystal structure.
Morphometric sex determination of Milky and Painted storks in captivity
Authors: Ong H.K.A. , Chinna K. , Khoo S.K. , Ng W.L. , Wong B.Y. , Chow K.L. , Chong L.K. , Pillai K. , Vellayan S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLogistic regression was applied to develop a morphometric sexing method of two closely related stork species that were previously sexed through amplification of the CHD gene. Tarsus length (TL) and bill length (BL) measurements were recorded from captive populations of adult Milky Stork (Mycteria cinerea) (n = 60) and Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala) (n = 58) at Zoo Negara Malaysia. Despite having monomorphic plumages, both stork species exhibited normal sexual size dimorphism in which males were significantly larger than females in the tested variables. Based on logistic regression analysis, BL correctly classified the sex of sampled individuals from Painted and Milky stork with an overall predicted accuracy of 94.8 and 90.0%, respectively. However, TL measurements generated a lower predicted accuracy level of 86.2% and a same accuracy level of 90% on the sex classification of individuals from Painted and Milky stork, respectively. By comparing the measurements of both species, only the average BL measurements of the Milky storks were significantly lower than that of Painted storks (t‐test, P80.001). The logistic regression equation in this study may serve as a simple and more practical option for sexing Milky and Painted storks for their breeding and conservation progrmmes. Zoo Biol 31: 219–228, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.