bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Variant Selection Criterion for Twin Variants in Titanium Alloys (Part 2)
Authors: Schuman Christophe , Bao Lei , Lecomte Jean Sébastien , Zhang Yudong , Raulot Jean Marc , Philippe Marie Jeanne , Esling Claude 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new selection criterion to explain the activation of the twinning variant is proposed. This criterion is based on the calculation of the deformation energy to create a primary twin. The calculation takes into account the effect of the grain size using a Hall–Petch type relation. This criterion allows to obtain a very good prediction for the twin family selection and twin variant selection. The calculations are compared with the experimental results obtained on T40 (ASTM grade 2) deformed by Channel Die compression.
Self‐Assembled Nanoparticles with Dual Effects of Passive Tumor Targeting and Cancer‐Selective Anticancer Effects
Authors: Won Young‐Wook , Yoon Sun‐Mi , Lim Kwang Suk , Kim Yong‐Hee 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNanoparticular drug delivery systems may help to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. They have been reported to improve the specificity of distribution, the bioavailability, and the solubility of drugs, as well as the duration of drug efficacy, and helping to overcome multidrug resistance. Although various polymeric nanoparticles have been developed for delivery of anticancer agents, most nanoparticles still focus on solubilizing drugs, improving targeting ability, and reducing side effects. In particular, targeting to the tumor is typically improved through passive or active targeting. Despite great achievements in both strategies, yet to be resolved are issues of toxicity in normal cells and enhancement of tumor‐specificity. A new approach combining the dual strategies of passive tumor targeting and cancer‐selective efficacy is proposed. Recombinant human gelatin conjugated with lipoic acid (rHG‐LA) developed in this study forms nanoparticles spontaneously in aqueous solution and encapsulates alpha‐tocopheryl succinate (α‐TOS), a well‐known cancer‐selective apoptosis‐inducing agent, within a hydrophobic core during the self‐assembly. This study describes the promising applicability of α‐TOS‐loaded rHG‐LA nanoparticles with passive targeting ability and cancer‐specificity.
Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with Anodized Gate Dielectric Patterned by Self‐Aligned Embossing on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Qin Yiheng , Turkenburg Daniël H. , Barbu Ionut , Smaal Wiljan T. T. , Myny Kris , Lin Wan‐Yu , Gelinck Gerwin H. , Heremans Paul , Liu Johan , Meinders Erwin R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn upscalable, self‐aligned patterning technique for manufacturing high‐ performance, flexible organic thin‐film transistors is presented. The structures are self‐aligned using a single‐step, multi‐level hot embossing process. In combination with defect‐free anodized aluminum oxide as a gate dielectric, transistors on foil with channel lengths down to 5 μm are realized with high reproducibility. Resulting on‐off ratios of 4 × 106 and mobilities as high as 0.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 are achieved, indicating a stable process with potential to large‐area production with even much smaller structures.
Impact of Bi Deficiencies on Ferroelectric Resistive Switching Characteristics Observed at p‐Type Schottky‐Like Pt/Bi1–δFeO3 Interfaces
Authors: Tsurumaki Atsushi , Yamada Hiroyuki , Sawa Akihito 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis work reports a resistive switching effect observed at rectifying Pt/Bi1–δFeO3 interfaces and the impact of Bi deficiencies on its characteristics. Since Bi deficiencies provide hole carriers in BiFeO3, Bi‐deficient Bi1–δFeO3 films act as a p‐type semiconductor. As the Bi deficiency increased, a leakage current at Pt/Bi1–δFeO3 interfaces tended to increase, and finally, rectifying and hysteretic current–voltage (I–V) characteristics were observed. In I–V characteristics measured at a voltage‐sweep frequency of 1 kHz, positive and negative current peaks originating from ferroelectric displacement current were observed under forward and reverse bias prior to set and reset switching processes, respectively, suggesting that polarization reversal is involved in the resistive switching effect. The resistive switching measurements in a pulse‐voltage mode revealed that the switching speed and switching ratio can be improved by controlling the Bi deficiency. The resistive switching devices showed endurance of >105 cycles and data retention of >105 s at room temperature. Moreover, unlike conventional resistive switching devices made of metal oxides, no forming process is needed to obtain a stable resistive switching effect in the ferroelectric resistive switching devices. These results demonstrate promising prospects for application of the ferroelectric resistive switching effect at Pt/Bi1–δFeO3 interfaces to nonvolatile memory.
Small Adsorbate‐Assisted Shape Control of Pd and Pt Nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Mei , Wu Binghui , Yang Jing , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe shape control of noble metal nanocrystals is crucial to their optical properties and catalysis applications. In this Progress Report, the recent progress of shape‐controlled synthesis of Pd and Pt nanostructures assisted by small adsorbates is summarized. The use of small strong adsorbates (e.g., I−, CO, amines) makes it possible to fabricate Pd and Pt nanostructures with not only well‐defined surface structure but also morphologies that have not been achieved by other synthetic strategies. The roles of small adsorbates in shape control of Pd and Pt nanocrystals are discussed in the Report. Also presented in the Report are unique optical and catalytic properties of several Pd and Pt nanostructures (e.g., ultrathin Pd nanosheets, concave Pt octapod, concave Pd tetrahedra), as well as their bioapplications, to demonstrate the power of using small strong adsorbates in the shape control of Pt and Pd nanostructures.
Micropatterning of Porous Structures from Co/Continuous Polymer Blends
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Min , Wang Chaosheng , Zhou Jack G. , Yao Donggang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn contrast to the immense literature in porous material generation, micropatterning of porous devices remains a technical challenge. In this study, a new process for micropatterning of porous structures with a controllable morphology was developed and investigated. This process combines polymer melt blending, hot embossing, and in‐mold annealing for geometrical pattern transfer and simultaneous morphological control. A special effort was made to generate a microgroove pattern with an open pore structure. Parametric experimental studies were conducted on stamps with different feature sizes under different processing conditions. The results demonstrated the feasibility and the versatility of the proposed technique in fabricating micropatterned porous structures. By varying the geometrical and boundary conditions during in‐mold annealing, micropatterns with graded porous structures were demonstrated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E166–E179, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21260
Additive effects of serotonergic and dopaminergic polymorphisms on trait impulsivity
Authors: Varga Gabor , Szekely Anna , Antal Peter , Sarkozy Peter , Nemoda Zsofia , Demetrovics Zsolt , Sasvari‐Szekely Maria 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTwin studies suggest 45% heritability of trait impulsivity. Results from candidate gene studies to date are contradictory; impulsivity phenotypes were measured by different behavioral and questionnaire methods related either to the dopaminergic or to the serotonergic system. Here we report an association study of both dopaminergic (COMT rs4680, DRD4 48 bp VNTR, DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497) and serotonergic (HTR1A rs6925, HTR1B rs13212041, SLC6A4 5‐HTTLPR) gene polymorphisms and trait impulsivity assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11) in a sample of 687 Caucasian young adults. Results showed lower impulsivity in the presence of the DRD4 7‐repeat (P = 0.006) and the HTR1B rs13212041 alleles (P = 0.003). These findings stayed significant after Bonferroni correction. A multivariate analysis using Bayesian networks confirmed independent effects of these two polymorphisms and provided a coherent characterization of the system of dependencies with respect to the impulsivity construct as well as its subscales. These results clearly suggest an additive effect of dopaminergic and serotonergic polymorphisms on trait impulsivity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concanavalin A immobilized magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) beads for antibody purification
Authors: Akkaya Birnur , Yavuz Handan , Candan Ferda , Denizli Adil 
Published: January 2012

AbstractConcanavalin A (Con A) immobilized magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (mPGMA) beads in monosize and spherical for (1.62 μm in diameter) were used for the purification of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) from human plasma. Con A was immobilized by covalent binding onto the mPGMA beads. The maximum IgG adsorption on the mPGMA‐Con A beads was observed at pH 6.0. The nonspecific IgG adsorption onto the plain mPGMA beads was very low (0.22 mg/g). Scatchard analysis of the adsorption isotherm for IgG on mPGMA‐Con A beads showed an affinity constant (Ka) of 1.39 × 105
M−1 and a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 109.1 mg/g. An apparent IgG adsorption capacity of 66.2 mg/g was observed under the experimental conditions. IgG adsorption capacity from human plasma was observed as 48.0 mg/g. The adsorption of human serum albumin from plasma was 2.0 mg/g. The total protein adsorption was determined to be 50.0 mg/g. IgG molecules could be repeatedly adsorbed and eluted with the mPGMA‐Con A beads without noticeable loss in the IgG adsorption capacity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Structure and properties development in poly(phenylene sulfide) fibers. II. Effect of one‐zone draw annealing
Authors: Gulgunje Prabhakar , Bhat Gajanan , Spruiell Joseph 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the role of one‐zone drawing followed by annealing in enhancing the structure and properties of fibers manufactured from Fortron® linear poly(phenylene sulfide) resins. The interaction effects of the polymer molecular weight (MW), melt‐spinning process parameters, and draw‐annealing process conditions were also elucidated. Several tools used to probe the investigation were tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light optical microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. This study showed that the optimum drawing temperature was around 95°C. A considerable improvement in the fiber tensile properties was observed upon drawing and annealing under optimum processing conditions. Fibers with tenacities close to 5 g/den were obtained. The development of the tensile properties was statistically correlated with the morphological changes in the fibers. The routes to achieving fibers with optimum tensile properties were shown to be different for resins with different MWs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Eco‐friendly zero VOC anticorrosive paints for steel protection
Authors: Mohamed Heba A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWith the growth of the green movement, it is important to prepare environmentally friendly anticorrosive paints to save lot of money, which are lost each year because of corrosion. High molecular weight organic corrosion inhibitor (safe adduct), barrier anticorrosive pigment (safe) and convertible anticorrosive pigment (toxic) are protective elements in paint formulations. Emulsification of the prepared adduct was the way to be applicable in water‐borne paints, using mixture of emulsifiers. Surface tension measurements using ring method technique and thermal stability test could characterize the prepared emulsion systems. It was interesting to study the performance of the protective elements in water paint formulations based on short oil water thinned alkyd. Physical and mechanical properties of dry paint films, corrosion tests of the coated steel, water up‐take% of the prepared paints, weight loss of steel under paint films after immersion in artificial sea water and corrosion inhibition efficiency of the protective elements were determined. Comparative studies of the protective elements in water‐borne paints have been done according to performance, economic feasibility and environmental safety. It was found that zinc chromate as carcinogenic anticorrosive pigment could be replaced by 0.09% of the prepared water‐borne corrosion inhibitor (MTDT adduct), 20% micaceous iron oxide (MIO) or their blend. Superior corrosion inhibition efficiency of steel was obtained in case of using MTDT/MIO blend. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Factors influencing magnetic protein nanospheres prepared by sonochemical method
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Song Dan , Jiang Wei , Sun Zhendong , Hao Lingyun , Ye Yuanfeng , Yang Xiaoli , Hu Xiaohong , Li Fengsheng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of magnetic protein nanospheres via a modified sonochemical route was described. The effects of experimental parameters, such as bovine serum albumin dosage, ferrofluid concentration, ferrofluid dosage, ultrasonic power and time on the morphology, and dispersibility of magnetic protein nanospheres, were investigated. The final magnetic protein nanospheres were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the superparamagnetic protein nanopsheres had small particle size of 100 nm, high saturation magnetization, high magnetite content, and abundant functional groups. These biocompatible protein nanospheres have biomedical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and sorption studies of microsphere copolymers containing β‐cyclodextrin and poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Guo Rui , Wilson Lee D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMicrosphere polymeric materials containing β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with tunable morphologies were prepared in order to improve their sorption characteristics in aqueous solution. The microsphere polymeric materials were prepared using a (water/oil) micro‐emulsion‐evaporation technique to condense β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) with PAA at various comonomer ratios and mixing speeds. The β‐CD microsphere copolymers were characterized using FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM, elemental (C and H) microanalyses, and solid state 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The sorption properties of the polymeric materials at 295 K in aqueous solution containing p‐nitrophenol (PNP) were studied using a dye‐based method with UV–Vis spectrophotometry at pH 4.6 and 10.3. The sorption isotherms of copolymer/PNP systems were evaluated with various isotherm models (e.g., Langmuir, BET, Freundlich, and Sips). The Sips isotherm showed the best overall agreement with the experimental results and the sorption parameters provided estimates of the sorbent surface area (12.0–331 m2/g) and the sorption capacity (Qm = 0.359–2.20 mmol/g at pH = 4.6; Qm = 0.070–0.191 mmol/g at pH = 10.3) for the microsphere copolymer/PNP systems in aqueous solution. The nitrogen adsorption properties of the microporous copolymers in the solid state were obtained at 77K with BET surface areas ranging from 0.275 to 4.47 m2/g. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and evaluation of uniformly sized carbamazepine‐imprinted microspheres and nanospheres prepared with different mole ratios of methacrylic acid to methyl methacrylate for analytical and biomedical applications
Authors: Esfandyari‐Manesh Mehdi , Javanbakht Mehran , Atyabi Fatemeh , Dinarvand Rassoul 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this work, we initiated to study new synthetic conditions to obtain uniformly sized molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in the micrometer to nanometer range, using carbamazepine (CBZ) as a model template. The MIPs were successfully prepared by precipitation polymerization using methacrylic acid (MAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as functional monomers at different mole ratios. The effect of MAA‐to‐MMA mole ratios on the morphology, binding, recognition, and release behaviors of the final particles were studied, and the adjusting possibility of these properties was also obtained. The produced polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, and their morphology was precisely examined by scanning electron microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. We obtained very uniform imprinted nanospheres and microspheres with diameter in the range of 120 nm to 1.74 μm under various conditions. Among the MIP nanospheres and microspheres prepared, the MIPs using MAA‐to‐MMA mole ratio of 1 : 2 showed nanospheres with the lower polydispersity index (0.004) and the highest selectivity factor (10.4), which is defined as the binding ratio of CBZ and oxcarbazepine as template analog. Results from binding experiments proved that MIPs exhibit specific affinity to CBZ in contrast to control polymers, and this performance was affected by pH and concentration of the loading solution. Moreover, release experiments showed the controlled release of CBZ in long‐time period. The 50% of loaded CBZ was released from the imprinted nanospheres within the first 30 h, whereas another 50% was released in the following 160 h. The release kinetics of CBZ from the MIPs highly affected with the properties of particles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Nanodiamond‐based PP/EPDM thermoplastic elastomer composites: Microstructure, tribo‐dynamic, and thermal properties
Authors: Jahromi F. Hejazi , Katbab A. A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAttempts have been made for the first time to employ graphitized nanodiamond with the cage‐like structure to prepare thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) nanocomposites based on polypropylene (PP) and ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM), with improved tribo‐dynamic properties. Samples were prepared via melt mixing process, and maleated polypropylene (PP‐g‐MAH) was used to promote the interfacial interactions between the components and partitioning of nanodiamond particles in polymer phases. Microstructure characterization revealed significant reduction in the size of EPDM droplets if nanodiamond particles are preferentially wetted by the polypropylene phase. Nanoindentation and scratch tests performed on the surface of prepared nanocomposites exhibited enhanced surface stiffness and scratch resistance. Rheomechanical spectroscopy (RMS) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA) showed enhanced melt elasticity for the interfacially compatibilized nanocomposites, which is attributed to the antiplasticizing characteristics of the caged shape nanodiamond particles. More interestingly, nanodiamond particles exhibited plasticizing behavior for the nanocomposite in molten state. All interfacially compatibilized nanodiamond composites showed enhanced thermal resistivity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymers of biphenyl with pyrrole
Authors: Simitzis Johannis , Soulis Spyridon , Triantou Despina 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCopolymer films of biphenyl and pyrrole were synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. The influence of the applied potential used for the electropolymerization on the structure, morphology, electrical conductivity, and stability of the films was examined. From the analysis of the current–time curves, it was found that the growth of the copolymer films starts immediately. The films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, and their electrical conductivity (σ), energy gap (Eg), and electrochemical stability were also determined. Based on the results, the copolymers were classified into three groups. The first includes the (PP‐PPy)0.80 copolymer synthesized at the lowest potential Eox (0.80 V), having the highest ratio R (R = 0.35) of quinoid to benzenoid rings (calculated from FTIR), the highest value of σ (σ = 0.9 S/cm), the lowest Eg (Eg = 1.20 eV), and has compact morphology. The second group concerns the copolymers synthesized at higher potential (0.82 up to 0.86 V), having lower R (∼ 0.20), lower σ (below 0.4 S/cm), higher Eg (∼ 1.35 eV), and they are less compact with many pores. The third group includes the copolymers synthesized at even higher applied potential (0.88 and 0.90 V), having even lower R values (∼ 0.10), significantly lower σ (∼ 10−3 S/cm), even higher Eg (∼ 1.70 eV), and they are very porous. The applied potential during electropolymerization strongly affects the properties of the synthesized copolymers. Because of the combination of high conductivity, low energy gap, and partial solubility with significant electrochemical stability, these new copolymers are attractive candidates for many applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of carbon nanofiber functionalization on the in‐plane mechanical properties of carbon/epoxy multiscale composites
Authors: Rana Sohel , Alagirusamy Ramasamy , Fangueiro Raul , Joshi Mangala 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this work, vapor‐grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were functionalized using an optimized route and dispersed in the matrix of carbon fabric‐reinforced epoxy composites to develop multiscale carbon/epoxy composites. Functionalization was carried out through an oxidative treatment with a mixture of HNO3/H2SO4 (1 : 3) using a combination of ultrasonication and magnetic stirring. Functionalized CNFs (F‐CNFs) were characterized for their morphology, length, functional groups, and degradation due to oxidative treatment. The results showed that it was possible to efficiently functionalize CNFs without any degradation through proper selection of treatment duration. F‐CNFs were dispersed homogeneously into the epoxy matrix using ultrasonication in combination with high‐speed mechanical stirring. The incorporation of 0.1 wt % F‐CNFs led to a 65% increase in Young's modulus and a 36% in tensile strength of neat carbon/epoxy composites. The fracture surfaces were studied using scanning electron microscopy to understand the property enhancement due to F‐CNFs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Dynamic mechanical analysis and morphological studies of glass/bamboo fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester resin‐based hybrid composites
Authors: Mandal Subhash , Alam Sarfaraz 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHybrid composites based on isophthalate polyester and vinyl ester resin were fabricated with glass and bamboo fibers. 25, 50, and 75 wt % of glass fibers were replaced by bamboo fibers of the optimized glass fiber reinforced composites and were subjected to dynamical mechanical analysis to determine the dynamic properties as a function of temperature and frequency. The storage modulus E′ was found to decrease with the increase of weight fraction of bamboo fibers. Loss modulus was also found to decrease with loading while the damping property was found to increase marginally. Scanning electron micrographs of flexural fracture surfaces of composites demonstrated fiber‐matrix bonding. Cole–Cole analysis was made to understand the phase behavior of the composite samples. Kubat parameter was calculated to study the adhesion between matrix and fibers of the fabricated composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012