bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of socioeconomic and environmental factors on neoplasms incidence rates using machine learning and GIS: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Rafiee Mohammad , Jahangiri-rad Mahsa , Mohseni-Bandpei Anoushiravan , Razmi Elham 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeoplasm is an umbrella term used to describe either benign or malignant conditions. The correlations between socioeconomic and environmental factors and the occurrence of new-onset of neoplasms have already been demonstrated in a body of research. Nevertheless, few studies have specifically dealt with the nature of relationship, significance of risk factors, and geographic variation of them, particularly in low- and middle-income communities. This study, thus, set out to (1) analyze spatiotemporal variations of the age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of neoplasms in Iran throughout five time periods, (2) investigate relationships between a collection of environmental and socioeconomic indicators and the AAIR of neoplasms all over the country, and (3) evaluate geographical alterations in their relative importance. Our cross-sectional study design was based on county-level data from 2010 to 2020. AAIR of neoplasms data was acquired from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). HotSpot analyses and Anselin Local Moran's I indices were deployed to precisely identify AAIR of neoplasms high- and low-risk clusters. Multi-scale geographically weight regression (MGWR) analysis was worked out to evaluate the association between each explanatory variable and the AAIR of neoplasms. Utilizing random forests (RF), we also examined the relationships between environmental (e.g., UV index and PM2.5 concentration) and socioeconomic (e.g., Gini coefficient and literacy rate) factors and AAIR of neoplasms. AAIR of neoplasms displayed a significant increasing trend over the study period. According to the MGWR, the only factor that significantly varied spatially and was associated with the AAIR of neoplasms in Iran was the UV index. A good accuracy RF model was confirmed for both training and testing data with correlation coefficients R2 greater than 0.91 and 0.92, respectively. UV index and Gini coefficient ranked the highest variables in the prediction of AAIR of neoplasms, based on the relative influence of each variable. More research using machine learning approaches taking the advantages of considering all possible determinants is required to assess health strategies outcomes and properly formulate policy planning.
Effect of serum metabolites on the risk of iridocyclitis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zou Xuyan , Lu Yijie , Tan Yao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious research has linked serum metabolite levels to iridocyclitis, yet their causal relationship remains unexplored. This study investigated this potential causality by analyzing pooled data from 7824 iridocyclitis patients in a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) using Mendelian randomization (MR) and linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC). Employing rigorous quality control and comprehensive statistical methods, including sensitivity analyses, we examined the influence of 486 serum metabolites on iridocyclitis. Our MR analysis identified 23 metabolites with significant causal effects on iridocyclitis, comprising 17 known and 6 unidentified metabolites. Further refinement using Cochran's Q test and MR-PRESSO indicated 16 metabolites significantly associated with iridocyclitis risk. LDSC highlighted the heritability of certain metabolites, underscoring genetic influences on their levels. Notably, tryptophan, proline, theobromine, and 7-methylxanthine emerged as risk factors, while 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate appeared protective. These findings enhance our understanding of the metabolic interactions in iridocyclitis, offering insights for diagnosis, unraveling pathophysiological mechanisms, and informing potential avenues for prevention and personalized treatment.
Infrared photodetection in graphene-based heterostructures: bolometric and thermoelectric effects at the tunneling barrier
Authors: Mylnikov Dmitry A. , Kashchenko Mikhail A. , Kapralov Kirill N. , Ghazaryan Davit A. , Vdovin Evgenii E. , Morozov Sergey V. , Novoselov Kostya S. , Bandurin Denis A. , Chernov Alexander I. , Svintsov Dmitry A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGraphene/hBN/graphene tunnel devices offer promise as sensitive mid-infrared photodetectors but the microscopic origin underlying the photoresponse in them remains elusive. In this work, we investigated the photocurrent generation in graphene/hBN/graphene tunnel structures with localized defect states under mid-IR illumination. We demonstrate that the photocurrent in these devices is proportional to the second derivative of the tunnel current with respect to the bias voltage, peaking during tunneling through the hBN impurity level. We revealed that the origin of the photocurrent generation lies in the change of the tunneling probability upon radiation-induced electron heating in graphene layers, in agreement with the theoretical model that we developed. Finally, we show that at a finite bias voltage, the photocurrent is proportional to either of the graphene layers heating under the illumination, while at zero bias, it is proportional to the heating difference. Thus, the photocurrent in such devices can be used for accurate measurements of the electronic temperature, providing a convenient alternative to Johnson noise thermometry.
High-frequency climate forcing causes prolonged cold periods in the Holocene
Authors: van Dijk Evelien J. C. , Jungclaus Johann , Sigl Michael , Timmreck Claudia , Krüger Kirstin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding climate variability across interannual to centennial timescales is critical, as it encompasses the natural range of climate fluctuations that early human agricultural societies had to adapt to. Deviations from the long-term mean climate are often associated with both societal collapse and periods of prosperity and expansion. Here, we show that contrary to what global paleoproxy reconstructions suggest, the mid to late-Holocene was not a period of climate stability. We use mid- to late-Holocene Earth System Model simulations, forced by state-of-the-art reconstructions of external climate forcing to show that eleven long-lasting cold periods occurred in the Northern Hemisphere during the past 8000 years. These periods correlate with enhanced volcanic activity, where the clustering of volcanic eruptions induced a prolonged cooling effect through gradual ocean-sea ice feedback. These findings challenge the prevailing notion of the Holocene as a period characterized by climate stability, as portrayed in multi-proxy climate reconstructions. Instead, our simulations provide an improved representation of amplitude and timing of temperature variations on sub-centennial timescales.
Striatin plays a major role in angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte and cardiac hypertrophy in mice in vivo
Authors: Cull Joshua J. , Cooper Susanna T.E. , Alharbi Hajed O. , Chothani Sonia P. , Rackham Owen J.L. , Meijles Daniel N. , Dash Philip R. , Kerkelä Risto , Ruparelia Neil , Sugden Peter H. , Clerk Angela 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The three striatins (STRN, STRN3, STRN4) form the core of STRiatin-Interacting Phosphatase and Kinase (STRIPAK) complexes. These place protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in proximity to protein kinases thereby restraining kinase activity and regulating key cellular processes. Our aim was to establish if striatins play a significant role in cardiac remodelling associated with cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. All striatins were expressed in control human hearts, with up-regulation of STRN and STRN3 in failing hearts. We used mice with global heterozygote gene deletion to assess the roles of STRN and STRN3 in cardiac remodelling induced by angiotensin II (AngII; 7 days). Using echocardiography, we detected no differences in baseline cardiac function or dimensions in STRN+/− or STRN3+/− male mice (8 weeks) compared with wild-type littermates. Heterozygous gene deletion did not affect cardiac function in mice treated with AngII, but the increase in left ventricle mass induced by AngII was inhibited in STRN+/− (but not STRN3+/−) mice. Histological staining indicated that cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was inhibited. To assess the role of STRN in cardiomyocytes, we converted the STRN knockout line for inducible cardiomyocyte-specific gene deletion. There was no effect of cardiomyocyte STRN knockout on cardiac function or dimensions, but the increase in left ventricle mass induced by AngII was inhibited. This resulted from inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The data indicate that cardiomyocyte striatin is required for early remodelling of the heart by AngII and identify the striatin-based STRIPAK system as a signalling paradigm in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Results of a 6-Month Field Trial of a Transitional Intervention for Debilitating Hyperacusis
Authors: Formby Craig , Cherri Dana , Secor Carrie A. , Armstrong Steve , Juneau Roger , Hutchison Peter , Eddins David A. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
We present results from a 6-month field trial of a transitional intervention for debilitating primary hyperacusis, including a combination of structured counseling; promotion of safe, comfortable, and healthy sound exposure; and therapeutic broadband sound from sound generators. This intervention is designed to overcome barriers to successful delivery of therapeutic sound as a tool to downregulate neural hyperactivity in the central auditory pathways (i.e., the maladaptive mechanism believed to account for primary hyperacusis) and, together with the counseling, reduce the associated negative emotional and physiological reactions to debilitating hyperacusis.

Method:
Twelve adults with normal or near-normal audiometric thresholds, complaints consistent with their pretreatment loudness discomfort levels ≤ 75 dB HL at multiple frequencies, and hearing questionnaire scores ≥ 24 completed the sound therapy–based intervention. The low-level broadband therapeutic sound was delivered by ear-level devices fitted bilaterally with either occluding earpieces and output-limiting loudness suppression (LS; to limit exposure to offensive sound levels) or open domes to maximize comfort and exposure to sound therapy. Thresholds for LS (primary outcome) were incrementally adjusted across six monthly visits based on treatment-driven change in loudness judgments for running speech in sound field. Secondary outcomes included categorical loudness judgments, speech understanding, and questionnaires to assess the hyperacusis problem, quality of life, and depression. An exit survey assessed satisfaction with and benefit from the intervention and the counseling, therapeutic sound, and LS components.

Results:
The mean change in LS (34.8 dB) was highly significant (effect size = 2.045). Eleven of 12 participants achieved ≥ 16-dB change in LS, consistent with highly significant change in sound-based questionnaire scores. Exit surveys indicated satisfaction with and benefit from the intervention.

Conclusion:
The transitional intervention was successful in improving the hyperacusis conditions of 11 of 12 study participants while reducing their sound avoidance behaviors and reliance on sound protection.
RGB‐D road segmentation based on cross‐modality feature maintenance and encouragement
Authors: Yuan Xia , Wu Xinyi , Cui Yanchao , Zhao Chunxia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeep images can provide rich spatial structure information, which can effectively exclude the interference of illumination and road texture in road scene segmentation and make better use of the prior knowledge of road area. This paper first proposes a new cross‐modal feature maintenance and encouragement network. It includes a quantization statistics module as well as a maintenance and encouragement module for effective fusion between multimodal data. Meanwhile, for the problem that if the road segmentation is performed directly using a segmentation network, there will be a lack of supervised guidance with clear physical meaningful information and poor interpretability of learning features, this paper proposes two road segmentation models based on prior knowledge of deep image: disparity information and surface normal vector information. Then, a two‐branch neural network is used to process the colour image and the processed depth image separately, to achieve the full utilization of the complementary features of the two modalities. The experimental results on the KITTI road dataset and Cityscapes dataset show that the method in this paper has good road segmentation performance and high computational efficiency.
Stammzelltherapie bei Pyoderma gangraenosum
Authors: Stopp Johanna , Grigorjan Philipp , Christoph Thomas , Ziller Fabian , Kaatz Martin 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Pyoderma gangraenosum ist ein seltene autoinflammatorische 1 neutrophilenreiche Dermatitis/Pannikulitis. Wir stellen eine 59-jährige Patientin vor, die an einem Mammakarzinom behandelt wurde und nachfolgend einen ausgedehnten Hautdefekt entwickelte. Über ein Jahrzehnt später konnte dann erstmals ein Pyoderma gangraenosum diagnostiziert werden. Trotz einer konsequenten immunsuppressiven Therapie kam es zur weiteren Ausdehnung des Befunds. Unter der Anwendung einer Stammzelltherapie und dem Einsatz von Biologika verkleinert sich der Befund gegenwärtig langsam.
Die Versorgung von an Schizophrenie erkrankten Menschen mit
Kognitiver Remediationstherapie – Ergebnisse einer Befragung in psychiatrischen
Kliniken in Deutschland
Authors: Schuster Tim , Riesbeck Mathias , Kamp Daniel , Gaebel Wolfgang , Falkai Peter , Hasan Alkomiet , Wölwer Wolfgang 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungPsychosen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis gehen mit deutlichen kognitiven
Beeinträchtigungen einher, die nach klinischer Symptomremission oft noch in
relevantem Ausmaß persistieren und negative Auswirkungen auf die psychosoziale
Funktionsfähigkeit haben. Diese Beeinträchtigungen werden von Betroffenen oft
als sehr belastend erlebt. Unter dem Oberbegriff der Kognitiven
Remediationstherapie (CRT) stehen hierzu zunehmend evidenzbasierte
Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung, die sowohl die jeweiligen kognitiven
Zielfunktionen als auch das psychosoziale Funktionsniveau verbessern. Nach
Expertenempfehlungen sollten dabei mindestens 20 Sitzungen durchgeführt werden,
die von qualifiziertem therapeutischem Personal begleitet werden. Die aktuelle
Auflage der S3 Behandlungsleitlinie Schizophrenie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN)
empfiehlt CRT mit dem höchsten Empfehlungsgrad. Unklar ist in diesem
Zusammenhang, wie stark CRT in die stationäre Routineversorgung Einzug genommen
hat. Zu dieser Frage wurden 395 psychiatrische Universitäts- und
nichtuniversitäre psychiatrische Fachkliniken in Deutschland zwischen Juli 2021
und Mai 2022 angeschrieben und gebeten, einen 14 Items umfassenden Fragebogen zu
beantworten. Insgesamt nahmen 26,1% (n=103) der Einrichtungen an der Befragung
teil. Hiervon nutzen 56,3% der Kliniken mindestens ein evidenzbasiertes
CRT-Verfahren. Bei den eingesetzten CRT-Verfahren wurden Cogpack, Rehacom und
das Integrierte Psychologische Therapieprogramm (IPT) am häufigsten genannt. In
87,5% der teilnehmenden Einrichtungen erhalten weniger als die Hälfte der an
Schizophrenie erkrankten Menschen eine CRT. Bezogen auf die Kliniken, die ein
evidenzbasiertes CRT-Verfahren einsetzen, werden bei 64,3% dabei weniger als 11
Therapieeinheiten durchgeführt, bei 28,6% zwischen 11 und 20 Einheiten und bei
7,2% mehr als 20 Einheiten. Die geringe Rückantwortquote von 26,1% und mögliche
Selektionseffekte für die Teilnahme an der Studie sind als Limitationen zu
bewerten und wurden kritisch diskutiert. Dennoch legen die Ergebnisse der
Befragung nahe, dass CRT zumindest in den teilnehmenden psychiatrischen Kliniken
in Deutschland bislang noch nicht flächendeckend, noch nicht bei allen an
Schizophrenie erkrankten Menschen und noch nicht in ausreichender Intensität
angeboten wird. Zudem zeigt sich seitens der Kliniken der Wunsch nach mehr
technischen und personellen Ressourcen und einer umfangreicheren
Kompetenzentwicklung zur CRT-Anwendung.
Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Obstetric Doctors in Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Mohamed Hisham Yacoub , Buzaid Najat Omer , Eljazwi Imhemed A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) adversely affects the mother and fetus. Its diagnosis and management are of great importance to prevent complications. Mothers with GDM are at great risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and metabolic changes can persist for 3 years postdelivery. We assessed the knowledge and practice of obstetricians working at Benghazi Medical Centre (BMC) regarding gestational diabetes.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the obstetric department of BMC; we included all postgraduate doctors in July 2021 in the study. The questionnaire included demographic data and questions related to knowledge regarding the definition of GDM, diagnosis, and complications to the mother and fetus. It also included practices toward GDM, including screening, management, follow-up, and postpartum screening for diabetes.
Results The total number of doctors who agreed to participate was 102, and the response rate was 72.9%. The mean age of the participants was 35.4 ± 7.2 years; most of the studied group were females 97 (95.1%), 76 (74.5%) were senior house officers, 16 (15.7%) were mid-grades, and 10 (9.8%) were seniors. Most working obstetricians, 76 (74.5%), had less than 10 years of experience. One hundred (98%) participants heard about GDM, and only 39 (38.2%) correctly defined GDM. Regarding the threshold for fasting glucose to diagnose GDM, only 11 (10.8%) gave a right answer of 92 mg/dL. Most participants had a good knowledge of GDM risk factors and complications. Regarding follow-up, only 35 (34.3%) participants provided the correct answer, and only 27 (26.5%) mentioned insulin as the medical treatment of choice.
Conclusion Although most of our studied group had contact with GDM patients, most needed basic knowledge regarding definition, diagnosis, and screening. Different opinions regarding diagnostic thresholds and management practices were observed. We recommended the establishment of a gestational diabetes clinic with the cooperation of endocrinologists and obstetricians, as well as local guidelines.
Seventy-five years of vegetation change after fire in Tasmanian alpine heathland
Authors: Sorensen Ellen-Rose , Kirkpatrick Jamie B. 
Published: May 2024

Context Alpine ecosystems are threatened by warming and an associated increase in fire frequency. There is a gap in our knowledge of succession in Tasmanian alpine heath more than 50 years after fire. The literature suggests that the alpine successional progression usually involves decreasing rates of change, decreasing differences among fire ages, ongoing transitions among shrub species, ongoing transitions from some lifeforms/species to others, and that warming results in increases in species richness. Aims We test for these tendencies up to 75 years from fire in alpine vegetation on kunanyi/Mount Wellington, Tasmania, Australia. Methods We documented the changes in vegetation structure and composition between 1998 and 2022 in plots on either side of an alpine fire boundary in the alpine heathland and used earlier data and observations to extend the record of change after fire to 75 years. We put these changes in the context of the only area of alpine vegetation that was not burnt in 1947 or later. Key results The area last burnt in 1947 exhibited declines in all lifeform covers between 1998 and 2022. All lifeforms except tall shrubs and mat shrubs declined in cover in the area last burnt in 1962. By 2022, shrub cover in the 1962-burnt area had not attained equivalence with the area last burnt in 1947. Herbs had the most dramatic decline in both fire-age classes. There were few shrub seedlings in 2022. All but six taxa, three being exotic, were observed in both the plots and previous broader surveys. Increases in species richness caused by the upward migration of lower-elevation species were not observed. The long-unburnt patch lacked the major dominant of the 1947-burnt plots, namely Orites acicularis, and was dominated by a gymnosperm absent from most of the mountain. Conclusions Succession follows the initial floristic composition model. The differences in trajectories from the 1947 and 1962 fires could possibly be due to desiccation or abrasion damage from increasing wind speeds and temperatures. There are strong indications of further potential change in the absence of fire. Implications The slow rate of recovery and its on-going nature emphasise the importance of keeping fire out of this vegetation type.
Spectroscopic measurement of atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium Ar plasma using continuum and line spectra
Authors: Kikuchi Wataru , Yamashita Yuya , Nezu Atsushi , Akatsuka Hiroshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A robust method for determining the electron temperature and density of atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium argon plasmas is reported. The methodology is based on the analysis of the continuum and line spectra of the plasma. Assuming that the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is expressed as a two-temperature generalized EEDF (GEEDF), the gamma value of the GEEDF is determined through a grid search of the continuum spectrum analysis given by the bremsstrahlung process, which minimizes the mean-squared logarithmic error (MSLE). In addition, the relationship between the gamma value and the electron temperature and density is determined. Utilizing this relationship, the electron temperature and density are determined by minimizing the MSLE between the excited-state densities obtained from the line spectrum analysis and numerically calculated using the collisional-radiative model. This methodology yielded results that satisfied both continuum and line spectrum analyses. In addition, the same analysis was conducted either by continuum spectrum analysis or by line spectrum alone to compare the results.