bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le libre-échange canado-américain: défi à la souveraineté et au progrès
Authors: Leduc Daniel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe federal election of 1984 brought to an end 16 years of virtually uninterrupted Liberal government whose foreign policy was characterized by an evident desire to set Canada apart from the United States and give a truly Canadian flavour to the country's diplomacy. The Conservatives have drawn a lesson for themselves from the limited results of such policy and have re-aligned the country more closely with the United States to resolve various issues inherited from the Liberals, free trade being one of them. If free trade were to become a reality, there would be serious implications for the future of Canadian industry, for the social and economic well-being of the population, and, most important of all, for the existence of Canada as a sovereign state.
In Search of Left/Right Beliefs in the Canadian Electorate
Authors: Lambert Ronald D. , Curtis James E. , Brown Steven D. , Kay Barry J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe report on findings from alternative ways of assessing the meaning given to “left” and “right” by respondents in the 1984 National Election Study. Approximately 40 per cent of the sample supplied definitions of the concepts; in comparison, about 60 per cent stated their feelings toward left-wingers and right-wingers and described their political orientations using a seven-point left/right rating scale. Left signified socialism or communism for about one-half of those who supplied definitions, and dislike for left-wingers seemed to be associated with these conceptions of left. Right, which was much more highly regarded than left, signified conservatism for one-quarter of those who defined the term. We also factor analyzed respondents' self-ratings on the left/right scale along with their answers to 15 attitude statements. Left was weakly associated with support for labour's use of the strike weapon. In a criterion group of respondents who had completed university and who had ventured definitions of left and right, self-ratings correlated with factors tapping attitudes toward the military and toward economic disparity and social welfare. As expected, respondents' ratings of themselves on the left/right scale were more similar to their ratings of their preferred parties than to their ratings of other parties. The relationship between self-ratings and ratings of preferred parties generally varied directly with the strength of party identification. We conclude with some observations about the political utility of political labels such as left and right.
Updating Duverger's Law
Authors: Dobell W. M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis note traces the reasoning behind Riker's addenda to Duverger's law, which exempts Canada and India from its general determinism. Characteristics common to Canada and India, but not to other countries using the plurality electoral system, are examined. The study finds that the uniqueness of those two federal nations employing the simple-majority system lies in the dominance of one national party, the weakness of the conventional alternative governing party, and the persistence of ideological parties of the left.
Les techniciens de la représentation: contribution à l'histoire des études électorales
Authors: Forest Pierre-Gerlier 
Published: November 2009

RésuméLes engagements extra-scientifiques des politologues sont un excellent révélateur des enjeux et des arbitrages qui ponctuent l'histoire de la science politique. Après avoir détaché le domaine politologique sur le fond commun des pratiques scientifiques, on doit même admettre que les différents jeux de langage qui le caractérisent ressortissent à une véritable technologie: les grandes périodes de l'évolution disciplinaire sont l'expression des rapports privilégiés entre spécialistes et classe politique. L'exemple des études éléctorales permet d'attester la pertinence de cette approche et de montrer comment la conformation de l'objet politique est gouvernée par des thématiques proprement techniques.
Policy Instruments and the Study of Public Policy
Authors: Woodside Kenneth 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOne of the most distinctive concepts for the study of public policy in Canada is that of policy or governing instruments. This article describes the origins of this literature, provides an overview of its theoretical claims, and evaluates some of these claims. It is argued, first, that the literature is too directly tied to particular theories of the state and of the policy-making process and that those ties are both unnecessary and constrain the usefulness of the concept of policy instruments. Second, the treatment of coercion as the central feature differentiating policy instruments is questioned and an alternative formulation is proposed.
Réalignements électoraux et transformations du personnel politique
Authors: Pelletier Réjean , Crête Jean 
Published: November 2009

RésuméÀ la suite de certaines études aux États-Unis, nous nous interrogeons sur les transformations du personnel politique au moment des élections de réalignement. Pour répondre à nos interrogations, nous utilisons une stratégie de vérification en trois étapes. En nous servant d'un indice de volatilité, nous définissons d'abord les différents types d'élections au Québec depuis 1867, pour nous attacher ensuite au renouvellement des parlementaires québécois (roulement-défaites) ainsi qu'aux transformations socio-économiques (âge-scolarité-occupation) de ce personnel au moment des élections de réalignement. Au total, si on observe une relation entre réalignements électoraux et transformations du personnel politique, les résultats sont souvent moins probants que dans les études américaines similaires.
Le pouvoir dans les décisions conjointes
Authors: Lemieux Vincent 
Published: November 2009

RésuméIl existe de nombreuses définitions du pouvoir, mais aucune n'a encore réussi à inspirer de recherches empiriques fécondes. Pour y arriver, une condition préalable doit être satisfaite, soit d'inscrire la définition du pouvoir dans un courant théorique important. La définition du pouvoir en situation de vote, à l'intérieur de la théorie des choix collectifs, remplit cette condition. Cette définition peut être élargie à toutes les décisions conjointes, qu'elles soient prises par le vote ou autrement. Une approche systémique du pouvoir ne s'intéresse pas tellement au fait que les acteurs participent ou non au parti vainqueur, ou encore que leur participation soit décisive ou non, mais considére plutot leur position dans des structurations du pouvoir qui prennent forme dans les décisions conjointes. Aprés une présentation des atouts de pouvoir des acteurs, l'article se termine par une brève étude de cas concernant la décision prise par le Conseil des ministres du Québec de déclencher une élection sur la nationalisation de l'électricité, en 1962.
Medicine and the State in Canada: The Extra-Billing Issue in Perspective
Authors: Tuohy Carolyn J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe apparent defeat of the medical profession on the issue of extra-billing presents an anomaly, in light of the historical and comparative literature on the political power of medicine and the more general interest group literature regarding the disproportionate political influence of concentrated interests. On closer examination, the extra-billing episode suggests some modifications to theories of the political advantage of concentrated interests, but does not present a deviant case. It rather provides an example of the political vulnerability of concentrated interests on issues of broad symbolic appeal; it illustrates the ability of a concentrated group to use its traditional advantages in processes of negotiation and accommodation with policy-makers to achieve tangible and positional gains in compensation for symbolic losses; and (in the case of the conflict in Ontario) it demonstrates the susceptibility of such negotiations over symbolic values to problems of misperception, miscalculation and “face.” In longer-term perspective, moreover, the extra-billing issue is best understood as an episode of conflict in a long history of accommodation between medicine and the state under comprehensive medicare.
Le développement pétrolier au Mexique: une stratégie d'organisation du rapport de la population à l'espace
Authors: Corten André 
Published: November 2009

RésuméLa découverte d'importants gisements de pétrole au sud-est du Mexique en 1972 délocalise totalement l'activité pétrolière. Cette délocalisation qui entre par ailleurs dans une politique générale de déconcentration industrielle induit une migration interurbaine considérable. L'objet de ce texte est de montrer la spécificité de cette migration et d'analyser le nouveau rapport de la population au territoire qui tente ainsi de s'instituer dans cette région tampon avec l'Amérique centrale. Ce rapport de la population au territoire est expliqué à partir du type de mobilisation sociale et politique constitutive du régime populiste mexicain. Ce rapport ne s'établit cependant pas fermement. Le mouvement centripète de transfert de la rente se trouve renforcé, éclairant certains facteurs de crise du système mexicain.
Inflation, Unemployment and Canadian Federal Voting Behaviour
Authors: Archer Keith , Johnson Marquis 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIdentifying the effect of macro-economic performance on levels of partisan support in Canada has attracted considerable attention. Findings in Canada, as elsewhere, often diverge depending upon whether aggregate or individual-level data are used. This study employs individual-level data from 1974 to 1984 to examine the effect of changes in unemployment and inflation on support for the various parties. Controlling for partisan and leader effects, we find that the electoral effect of inflation and unemployment is highly variable over time, and is in an unstable partisan direction. Indeed, at times the partisan effect was perverse.
In the Eye of the Beholder: Leader Images in Canada
Authors: Brown Steven D. , Lambert Ronald D. , Kay Barry J. , Curtis James E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe “leader factor” in Canadian voting has received surprisingly little research attention. In this article, the authors employ data from the 1974, 1979, 1980 and 1984 Canadian National Election Studies to examine the organization of respondents' images of the major political party leaders. The central thesis developed here is that respondents' images of the leaders are not typically idiosyncratic to the leader or to the election in question. The images are shaped by a prototypical leader schema that affects the information about leaders that is processed and recalled. The authors test several implications of this thesis. They demonstrate that there is considerable commonality in the content of a citizen's images of leaders in any one election, and that there is evidence of both aggregate and individual-level stability in the structure of images across elections. The authors test an additional hypothesis from schema theory concerning individual differences in image content. In this regard, they demonstrate, contrary to some of the literature, that better-educated respondents are more likely than less-educated respondents to cite task-relevant dispositional attributes of the leaders.
The Welfare State: An Affront to Freedom?
Authors: Nock Christopher John 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLibertarian writers such as Hayek, Friedman, Hospers and Nozick have insisted that welfare state policies are, per se, inimical to the classical liberal notion of freedom. The purpose of this article is to test the internal coherence of the libertarian attack upon the welfare state. Special attention is given to Friedman's contentions in his Capitalism and Freedom. It is argued that the libertarian attack upon the welfare state is misguided. Indeed, it is suggested that in order to achieve the type of individual liberty that libertarians wish to secure the state must be assigned a positive welfare role.
A Note on “Hartz-Horowitz at Twenty”: The Case of French Canada
Authors: Wiseman Nelson 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn an assessment of Louis Hartz's fragment theory, H. D. Forbes contends that its basic weaknesses are most easily exposed in the case of French Canada. This article argues the opposite: Hartz's approach in this case is particularly illuminating rather than representing its Achilles’ heel. Hartzian analysis is consistent with the historiography of French Canada. The growth of liberalism in the nineteenth century that Forbes points to in the French-Canadian fragment pales when placed in a comparative perspective as Hartz's theory requires. It is the mix of feudal and liberal ideas in the twentieth century that helps to explain the rise of social democratic forces like the Parti québécois.
Organizational Change in the Machinery of Canadian Government: From Rational Management to Brokerage Politics
Authors: Aucoin Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOrganizational change in the central machinery of government is essentially a function of executive leadership. The major determinants of such change are invariably political and not administrative in character and derive from the leadership paradigms of chief executive officers—their philosophy of government, management style and political objectives. This phenomenon is examined in the recent transformation of the Canadian central executive system from one based upon the Trudeau paradigm of rational management to one structured to fit the Mulroney paradigm of brokerage politics. The organizational instruments of each paradigm are considered and their respective capacities to meet the requirements of executive leadership in our modern administrative state are assessed. It is argued that the two different systems and the changes introduced by them are best explained by the paradigms of these two prime ministers.
L'Etat et ses trois niveaux: le régime, la gouverne et la politie
Authors: Bergeron Gérard 
Published: November 2009

The State and Its Three Levels: Regime, Governance and PolityThis article is not simply a summary of the analytical framework already presented in the earlier, principal theoretical works of the author. It goes beyond the simple exercise of schematic brevity by adding some new elements: the notion of collective action groups between those of social classes and interest groups; a first transposition of a schema conceived for the classical unitary state to one applicable to the federal, or “multiple,” state; and a new formulation of the three analytical levels, specifically those characterizing this theoretical framework, which go by the labels of “regime,” “governance,” and “polity.”The article is divided into three parts corresponding to the study of the three levels and connected by an equal number of “thresholds” of levels. The conclusion points out the lines of transposition for the study of a federal state and the directions of research for the analysis of political change.
Remembering the Monarch
Authors: Benoît Paul 
Published: November 2009

The Quee's influence in Canada is waning, as nearly everyone agrees. Yet a majority of Canadians must regret this decline, because opinion polls have shown that for every one Canadian who wants to abolish the monarchy, two want to preserve it. Canadians, it would appear, have resigned themselves to accepting their countr's gradual transformation into a republic, as though it were part of some larger inevitable process.Many of them, for example, continue to support electorally a political party that, since the days of William Lyon Mackenzie King, has had a policy of dissociating Canada from her British imperial past. In 1972, a special joint parliamentary committee formed by the Trudeau government to study the constitution declared that it “preferred a Canadian as Head of State for Canada.”
The Necrologists of International Relations
Authors: Holsti K. J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo contemporary streams of thought in international relations offer significant theoretical challenges to the field and to the way it has been organized since the time of Rousseau. New power cycle theories propose that the etiology of war resides in different growth rates among the major powers. Hegemonic wars are a recurrent consequence of the states system. The literature suggests that the patterns of the past are likely to be repeated in future; hence, the only solution to the problem of war is the transcendence of the states system. The second body of literature proposes that growing interdependence is bringing profound structural changes that are already leading to the demise of the nation state and to the transformation of the states system. The essay critically examines these theories and outlines reasons why both are empirically and logically deficient. These bodies of literature also illustrate how even among rigorous quantitative analysts, normative concerns animate research. Finally, the author suggests why the search for a theory or model of international politics is doomed to failure, and why a healthy field will be characterized by intellectual pluralism.
Long-term skill proceduralization in schizophrenia
Authors: RÉMILLARD SOPHIE , POURCHER EMMANUELLE , COHEN HENRI 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrevious studies had revealed no specific effect under haloperidol (typical) and risperidone (atypical) neuroleptic (NLP) treatments for schizophrenia (SZ) on a variety of neurocognitive functions relying on the dopaminergic meso-cortico-limbic system (Rémillard et al., 2005, 2008). Considering the different affinities of D2dopamine receptors for typical and atypical NLPs, these drugs may differentially affect the functions of the striatum, a determinant brain structure involved in procedural learning. The influence of risperidone (2–6 mg) and haloperidol (2–40 mg) on a nonmotor procedural task involving semantically related pairs of words with inverted letters was investigated in this double-blind study. The performance of 26 patients with SZ, randomly assigned to risperidone or haloperidol, was compared to that of 18 healthy controls at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results revealed that all patients with SZ exhibited slower reading speed of the word pairs than healthy controls at all assessment periods. In addition, procedural learning – characterized as a significant decrease in the time taken to read aloud the target word pairs – was more impaired in the haloperidol- than in the risperidone-treated group at all assessment periods. Healthy controls showed steady improvement in reading speed over the 12 months of the study, in contrast to SZ patients, who reached a plateau in their capacity to improve mirror-reading skill over time. However, all SZ participants in the study showed near normal learning profiles from exposure to semantic associations embedded in the procedural memory task, providing evidence for the preservation of associative connections in the semantic network of these patients. The observed impairment in procedural learning in SZ may thus reflect, at least in part, the influence of neuroleptic medication on striatal functions. (JINS, 2010,16, 148–156.)
Total stock size and cannibalism regulate recruitment in cod (Gadus morhua) on the Faroe Plateau
Authors: Steingrund Petur , Mouritsen Rógvi , Reinert Jákup , Gaard Eilif , Hátún Hjálmar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSteingrund, P., Mouritsen, R., Reinert, J., Gaard, E., and Hátún, H. 2010. Total stock size and cannibalism regulate recruitment in cod (Gadus morhua) on the Faroe Plateau. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 111–124. Year-class strength of fish is often considered to be determined at the pelagic larval stage, but we show that year-class strength of cod on the Faroe Plateau seems to be determined later, at the 1- or 2-group stage. Adult cod (C), measured in terms of the catch per unit effort (cpue) of small longliners, move into nearshore nursery areas of juvenile cod when in poor condition and probably displace 1-year-old cod to deeper water, where they are cannibalized. In addition, the recruitment of 2-year-old cod, at least up to a certain level, is positively related to the total biomass (B) of older cod on the Faroe Plateau, which are present at about the same time as the recruitment event. This feature, which seems to be a new observation in terms of the recruitment dynamics of cod, is possibly related to enhanced foraging or a reduced predation risk. The recruitment of 2-year-old cod during the years 1984–2006 is described by aB/C + d (r2 = 0.87), where a and d are fitted constants. The implications for stock assessment and management are discussed.
Differences in Carbohydrate Composition and Digestion In Vitro of Selected Barley Cultivars as Influenced by Pearling and Cooking
Authors: Gray Danielle , Abdel‐Aal El‐Sayed M. , Seetharaman Koushik , Kakuda Yukio 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTAmong common cereals, barley is a low glycemic index food. In an attempt to better understand this character, the nutritional properties of glycemic carbohydrates and dietary fiber concentrations of nine cultivars were evaluated. The cultivars were selected based on botanical variations and commercial value to investigate the impact of pearling and cooking on nutritional properties. Each cultivar was pearled into four fractions ranging from hull removal only to hull, bran, germ, and crease removal. The study showed that botanical class and degree of pearling significantly affect the carbohydrate composition and digestion indices of barley. Waxy starch cultivars had less total starch and more rapidly digestible starch (RDS), rapidly available glucose (RAG), and β‐glucan than the other nonwaxy cultivars. Regardless of the barley type, the less pearled kernels had significantly lower total starch and higher total low molecular weight sugars, insoluble, and total fiber. However, β‐glucan content was fairly comparable in the whole grain and pearled fractions. Cooking had a significant effect on nutritional properties of Celebrity and AC Klinck cultivars. The only consistent significant difference between raw and cooked barley was resistant starch (RS), which increased after cooking regardless of cultivar or fraction. The study showed that barley cultivar and carbohydrate composition significantly affected starch digestion with some cultivar fractions holding a promise for the development of low glycemic index foods.