bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Mineralization Responses to Cropping, Tillage, and Nitrogen Rate in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Wienhold Brian J. , Halvorson Ardell D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNitrogen‐mineralization rates are needed to accurately determine N fertilization requirements to meet plant needs while minimizing environmental contamination. A spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)‐fallow (SW‐F) system was compared with a spring wheat‐winter wheat‐sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (SW‐WW‐SF) system on a Temvik‐Wilton silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed Typic and Pachic Haploborolls) at three N rates (0, 22, and 45 kg ha‐1 for SW‐F and 34, 67, and 101 kg ha‐1 for SW‐WW‐SF) under conventional, minimum, and no‐tillage. After 10 yr, soil samples were incubated to determine N‐mineralization rates. Cropping intensity, N rate, and tillage intensity interacted to affect N‐mineralization rates. Within the SW‐F system N‐mineralization rates in 0‐ to 0.05‐m depth were 8.2 ± 0.8 kg ha‐1 wk‐1 in the fallow phase vs. 5.0 ± 0.7 kg ha‐1 wk‐1 in the crop phase under conventional tillage and were 6.2 ± 0.3 kg ha‐1 wk‐1 under minimum and no‐tillage in both phases. The N‐mineralization rates were 2.3 ± 0.4 kg ha‐1 wk‐1 in 0.05‐ to 0.15‐m depth soils of the SW‐F system. In spring wheat, N‐mineralization rates in 0‐ to 0.05‐m depth soil were 9.9 ± 0.8 kg ha‐1 wk‐1 in the SW‐WW‐SF system vs. 5.6 ± 0.4 kg ha‐1 wk‐1 in the SW‐F system and in the 0.05‐ to 0.15‐m depth were 3.6 ± 0.1 kg ha‐1 wk‐1 in the SW‐WW‐SF system vs. 2.4 ± 0.2 kg ha‐1 wk‐1 in the SW‐F system Within the SW‐WW‐SF system, N‐mineralization rates in the 0‐ to 0.05‐m soil layer were 6.8 ± 0.5 kg ha‐1 wk‐1 under winter wheat vs. 9.9 ± 0.8 kg ha‐1 wk‐1 under spring wheat and 9.2 ± 0.6 kg ha‐1 wk‐1 under sunflower. In the 0.05‐ to 0.15‐m soil layer, N‐mineralization rates were 3.3 ± 1.0 kg ha‐1 wk‐1. More intensive cropping and conservation tillage increased N‐mineralization rates in this soil and may ameliorate the decline in N fertility associated with crop‐fallow systems.
Nutrient Supply Changes within a Growing Season in Two Deciduous Forest Soils
Authors: Kelly J. M. , Mays P. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLittle information is available on how the indices of nutrient availability used in mechanistic nutrient uptake models might be influenced by the temperature at which the equilibrium soil solution (Cl) is extracted or how this parameter, and the solid‐phase nutrient concentration (Cs) might be altered by the progression of the growing season. Objectives of this study were to determine: (i) if the laboratory extraction temperature would influence Cl estimates, and (ii) the degree of change in Cl and Cs during the growing season. Soil samples were collected from two forest sites in eastern Tennessee in April, July, and October. Samples were returned to the laboratory and equilibrium soil solution concentrations of NO3‐N, NH4‐N, P, K, Ca, and Mg determined at the average soil temperature (11–18°C) or at laboratory temperature (24°C). Solid‐phase (Cs) concentrations were also determined and both values used to calculate the buffer power (b) and the effective diffusion coefficient (De). Extraction temperature did not alter Cl values. All solution nutrient concentrations except P declined by 16 to 99% after the July sample. Increases in P in the A horizon at one site were as high as 100%. Solid‐phase nutrient concentrations exhibited declines ranging from 6 to 91% while solid‐phase P concentrations increased by up to 40%. Disproportionate changes in the Cl and Cs values lead to changes in the calculated b and De estimates. Results indicate that efforts directed at establishing soil supply parameters needed for mechanistic nutrient uptake models should take into consideration changes that occur in solution and solid‐phase nutrient concentrations during the growing season.
Soil Carbon and Nutrients in a Coastal Oregon Douglas‐Fir Plantation with Red Alder
Authors: Cromack Kermit , Miller Richard E. , Anderson Harry W. , Helgerson Ole T. , Smith Robert B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCarbon and nutrients in the forest floor and mineral soil were measured to determine amounts and variation among eighteen 0.081‐ha plots in a Douglas‐fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] plantation growing with volunteer red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.). Ten years earlier, the preceding mature conifer stand was clearcut and nearly all logging slash and forest floor were consumed by slash fire. Forest floor mass in the 9‐yr‐old plantation averaged 9.86 Mg ha‐1, with 3.71 Mg C, 98.0 kg N, 10.6 kg P, and 8.4 kg S ha‐1. Mineral soil to 1‐m depth averaged 176 Mg C, 8330 kg N, 3340 kg P, and 605 kg S ha‐1 in the <2‐mm fraction. The 2‐ to <6‐mm soil fraction averaged an additional 100 Mg C, 4480 kg N, and 1700 kg P ha‐1. Net mineralizable N as NH4 (anaerobic N mineralization index) totaled 99 kg N ha‐1 in the top 45 cm of the mineral soil and 62 kg N ha‐1 in the 45‐ to 100‐cm depth. Density fractionation showed that the light fraction (<1.65 Mg m‐3) was only 13.4% of the fine soil mass of the 0‐ to 15‐cm depth, yet contained about 40% of the total C and N capital in the <2‐mm size fraction. The substantial amounts of C and nutrients in this low‐bulk density soil (<2‐mm fraction, 0.30 Mg m‐3) indicate a fertile soil despite large previous losses of organic matter and N from the site.
Development of a Resonant Length Technique for Soil Water Content Measurement
Authors: Starr G. C. , Lowery B. , Cooley E. T. , Hart G. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOven drying a soil sample of known volume is one of the few inexpensive methods for measuring volumetric water content (θv). Repetitive application of this technique to field soil sampling is a laborious, time‐consuming, and destructive process. Faster and less destructive low‐cost methods are needed in all branches of soil science. A technique has been developed that quickly determines θv by monitoring the reflected power amplitude with a parallel‐rod waveguide probe inserted into soil. Reflected power reaches a distinct minimum when a resonant condition is reached; at this point, the depth of insertion or resonant length (Lres) is measured and calibrated against θv. An inverse relationship is derived showing that Lres increases with decreasing water content. This measurement does not require a microprocessor, as do most time domain reflectometry (TDR) systems. Second‐order polynomials adequately describe the calibration curves between Lres and θv in three soils with coefficients of determination >0.99. Zone of influence varies with θv, but the range of Lres and θv may be tailored to experimental needs by varying the operational frequency or probe length. For a 30‐cm probe and 141‐MHz operating frequency, Lres varies from 1 to 6 cm with a θv range from 0.20 to 0.0 m3 m‐3. The need for calibration, water content range, and variable zone of influence could be disadvantages; thus, this technique is not a replacement for more complex and expensive methods, such as TDR.
In Situ Efficiency of Ion Exchange Resins in Studies of Nitrogen Transformation
Authors: Kjønaas O. Janne 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMixed‐bed ion‐exchange resin bags have previously been used in studies of soil N transformation rates with NH4‐N and NO3‐N being adsorbed from the solution percolating through the incubated soil core. An evaluation of the in situ adsorption efficiency of mixed‐bed resin bags was performed by comparing dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, sum of NH4‐N + NO3‐N) accumulated in resins with DIN fluxes in throughfall (TF) and with DIN concentrations in soil water. A significant correlation was found between DIN fluxes in TF and accumulated DIN in resins placed at the soil surface (r2 = 0.92 for NO3‐N, r2 = 0.86 for NH4‐N, P < 0.001). The ratio of accumulated DIN in resins to DIN flux in TF was significantly affected by season. A low but significant correlation was found between NO3‐N concentrations in soil water and NO3‐N contents in resins deployed in the bottom of soil cylinders (r2 = 0.34, P < 0.01), however, when only the winter periods were taken into account, the correlation improved (r2 = 0.72, P < 0.001). As little water and few nutrients are removed from the soil water by the vegetation during the dormant season, the conditions inside and outside the core were more comparable. For NH4‐N there was no correlation between accumulated amounts in the resins and concentrations in soil water sampled at depths of 13 cm and 20 cm, respectively, probably due to the strong depth gradient in the NH4‐N concentrations of the soil. Although the resin bags were unable to adsorb all the incoming DIN, they gave valuable information on small‐scale inpnt of N and on small‐scale differences in NO3‐N leaching.
Development of microsatellite markers in Lupinus luteus (Fabaceae) and cross‐species amplification in other lupine species
Authors: Gonzalez Lorena B. Parra , Straub Shannon C. K. , Doyle Jeff J. , Ortega Paula E. Mora , Garrido Haroldo E. Salvo , Butler Iván J. Maureira 
Published: July 2010

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed in Lupinus luteus L., an emerging temperate protein crop, to investigate genetic diversity, population structure, and to facilitate the generation of better yellow lupine varieties.• Methods and Results: Thirteen polymorphic primer sets were evaluated in a European and Eastern European accession collection of L. luteus. The primers amplified di‐, tri‐, and tetranucleotide repeats with 2–4 alleles per locus. These revealed a moderate to low level of genetic variation, as indicated by an average observed heterozygosity of 0.0126. Select loci also amplified successfully in the closely related species L. hispanicus Boiss. & Reut. and in the New World species L. mutabilis Sweet.• Conclusions: These results indicate the utility of primers for the study of genetic diversity across L. luteus populations and related lupine species. The use of these microsatellite markers will facilitate the implementation of several molecular breeding strategies in yellow lupine.
Multiple Solutions for a Class of Neumann Elliptic Problems on Compact Riemannian Manifolds with Boundary
Authors: Kristály Alexandru , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Varga Csaba 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe study a semilinear elliptic problem on a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary, subject to an inhomogeneous Neumann boundary condition. Under various hypotheses on the nonlinear terms, depending on their behaviour in the origin and infinity, we prove multiplicity of solutions by using variational arguments.
Measures with Fourier Transforms in L2 of a Half-space
Authors: Shayya Bassam 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe prove that if the Fourier transform of a compactly supported measure is in L2 of a half-space, then the measure is absolutely continuous to Lebesgue measure. We then show how this result can be used to translate information about the dimensionality of a measure and the decay of its Fourier transform into geometric information about its support.
Interval Pattern Avoidance for Arbitrary Root Systems
Authors: Woo Alexander 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe extend the idea of interval pattern avoidance defined by Yong and the author for Sn to arbitrary Weyl groups using the definition of pattern avoidance due to Billey and Braden, and Billey and Postnikov. We show that, as previously shown by Yong and the author for GLn, interval pattern avoidance is a universal tool for characterizing which Schubert varieties have certain local properties, and where these local properties hold.
Integrated yield and productivity enhancement strategy for biotechnological production of Azadirachtin by suspension culture of Azadirachta indica
Authors: Prakash Gunjan , Srivastava Ashok K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAzadirachtin is considered as the best pesticide among the biopesticides available in market for crop protection due to its broad spectrum activity and varying mode of action. To meet the increasing demand and primarily due to geographical and variability limitations, its biotechnological production from plant cell culture has gained momentum in last two decades. The major requirement for economic production is to increase the yield as well as the productivity of Azadirachtin production in the bioreactor. In general, different strategies used in the plant cell culture result in either yield or productivity enhancement. The simultaneous increase of both the parameters has remained a challenging task, particularly in plant cell cultivations. In this work, an integrated approach has been adopted by combining the various yield as well as productivity enhancement strategies, i.e. coupling the mathematical model–derived nutrient‐feeding strategy for continuous cultivation with elicitation, precursor addition, and permeabilization, etc. With this integrated approach, a yield of 0.0122 g/g and a productivity of 7.25 × 10−4 g/l/h Azadirachtin were obtained, which is so far highest in plant cell suspension culture of Azadirachta indica to the best of our knowledge. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoparticles prepared by blending of carboxylic acid terminated poly(ε‐caprolactone) and L‐phenylalanine substituted dextran
Authors: Liu Jiyan , Liu Xueqing 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPreparation and characterization of nanoparticles from L‐phenylalanine substituted dextrans (Dex‐Phes) and carboxyl‐terminated poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL‐COOH) blends in water/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (10/1, v/v) solution are reported. Dex‐Phe with degree of substitution (DS) = 0.67 has good solubility in both water and DMSO, which can form the nanoparticles with PCL‐COOH in water/DMSO solution. The size and size distribution of the nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of weight ratio of PCL‐COOH to Dex‐Phes on particle size was investigated. A possible mechanism for the formation of nanoparticles was also proposed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Analyzing and predicting the thermodynamic effects of the metabolite trehalose on nucleic acids
Authors: Hart Jonathan L. , Harris Zachary M. , Testa Stephen M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThere is a lot of interest in exactly how nucleic acid duplexes are affected by the addition of certain stabilizing and destabilizing metabolites. Unfortunately, the differences in reaction conditions between published reports often precludes a comparison of the results, effectively preventing a cohesive strategy for predicting additive effects on nucleic acid stability. This information is critically important for obtaining a fundamental understanding of how additives, including metabolites, alter DNA and RNA stability and structure. We now show that the destabilization of nucleic acids by the metabolite trehalose in standard optical melting buffer (20 mM sodium cacodylate, 1M NaCl, and 0.5 mM EDTA) differs from that of a common PCR buffer, and a simulated physiological buffer, with up to an 8°C melting temperature difference. We also demonstrate that the extent of DNA destabilization due to trehalose depends on DNA length and depends on percent GC content, at least for the primer‐length duplexes studied here. Furthermore, we show that glucose (a monomer) is not quite as effective a destabilizer as trehalose (a dimer). The implications of these results related to trehalose‐destabilization of DNA, related to conducting and analyzing DNA‐additive experiments, and related to using this type of data for predictive purposes are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 1085–1092, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Magneto–Structural Correlations in Discrete MnII‐WV Cyano‐Bridged Assemblies with Polyimine Ligands
Authors: Podgajny Robert , Korzeniak Tomasz , Przychodzeń Paweł , Gimenez‐Saiz Carlos , Rams Michał , Kwaśniak Michał , Sieklucka Barbara 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present the magneto–structural correlations for two novel discrete cyano‐bridged assemblies based on cationic complexes of manganese(II) with diimine ligands and octacyanotungstate(V) ions. The crystal structure of [MnII(terpy)(dmf)(H2O)2][MnII(terpy)(H2O)(dmf)(μ‐NC)WV(CN)7]2·6H2O (1) (terpy = 2,2′;6′,2″‐terpyridine, dmf = dimethylformamide) contains dinuclear {MnIIWV}– cyano‐bridged anions, while the crystal structure of [MnII(phen)3]2[MnII(phen)2(μ‐NC)2WV(CN)6]2(ClO4)2·9H2O (2) (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) is built of tetranuclear {MnII2WV2}2– square anions. Intramolecular Mn–W magnetic interactions through the cyano bridges are represented by magnetic coupling constants J = –39 cm–1 for the {MnIIWV}– unit in 1 and J1 = –25.7 and J2 = –16.7 cm–1 for the {MnII2WV2}2– unit in 2. J and J1 represent relatively strong W–CN–Mn interactions and are ascribed to the bridges in b positions of TPRS‐8 (trigonal prism square‐face bicapped) of [W(CN)8]3– polyhedra, favoring the strongest electronic interactions between the d–d orbital of W and the π* orbitals of CN–, whereas J2 is related to the m vertex of [W(CN)8]3–. The magnetic properties of 1 and 2 are compared with reference compounds and discussed in the context of the type of coordination polyhedra of [W(CN)8]3– as well as the metric parameters of cyano‐bridged W–CN–Mn linkages. We found the type of coordination polyhedra and bridging mode of [W(CN)8]3– to be the most important factors influencing the magnitude of the Mn–W magnetic interaction.
From Salicylaldehyde to Chiral Salen Sulfonates – Syntheses, Structures and Properties of New Transition Metal Complexes Derived from Sulfonato Salen Ligands
Authors: Delahaye Émilie , Diop Mayoro , Welter Richard , Boero Mauro , Massobrio Carlo , Rabu Pierre , Rogez Guillaume 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCoordination complexes derived from chiral and nonchiral sulfonato salen ligands {(SalenSO3)Na2: N,N′‐bis(5‐sulfonatosalicylidene)‐1,2‐diaminoethane disodium salt, [(R,R) and (S,S)‐CySalenSO3]NaK: (R,R) and (S,S)‐N,N′‐bis(5‐sulfonatosalicylidene)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane sodium–potassium salt} have been synthesized. The crystal structures of the chiral and nonchiral NiII complexes [Ni(SalenSO3)]Na2 (1) and [Ni((R,R)CySalenSO3)]NaK (2) were solved. The other chiral and nonchiral sulfonato salen complexes, [Cu(SalenSO3)]Na2 (4), [Cu((R,R)CySalenSO3)]NaK (5), [Cu((S,S)CySalenSO3)]NaK (6) and [Zn(SalenSO3)]Na2 (7) got hydrolyzed before suitable crystals could form. Yet, their hydrolysis led to the formation of single crystals of the residues of total or partial hydrolysis: 5‐sulfonatosalicylaldehyde sodium salt (A), N‐(5‐sulfonatosalicylidene)‐1,2‐diaminoethane copper(II) [Cu(SalSO3)] (8) and (R,R)‐N‐(5‐sulfonatosalicylidene)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane copper(II) {Cu[(R,R)CySalSO3]} (9). All compounds were studied with IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy; chiral compounds were also investigated by circular dichroism. The magnetic properties of the copper compounds were investigated. Whereas 8 shows intermolecular antiferromagnetic interactions between mononuclear CuII complexes, 7 presents a weak intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling (J = 0.66 cm–1, H = –JŜCu1ŜCu2), which has been rationalized by DFT calculations.
Synthesis of Binaphthyl Sulfonimides and Their Application in the Enantioselective Michael Addition of Ketones to Nitroalkenes
Authors: Ban Shurong , Du Da‐Ming , Liu Han , Yang Wen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNovel types of L‐proline‐based binaphthyl sulfonimides and sulfonamides were found to be efficient organocatalysts for the asymmetric Michael addition of ketones to nitroalkenes to provide optically active γ‐nitroketone derivatives of synthetic and biological importance. After the fine optimization of solvents, temperature, and additive, good to excellent enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities (71–96 % ee, up to >99:1 dr) can be achieved.
Immune thrombocytopenia as a paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Yang Kunyu , Zhang Tao , Chen Jing , Fan Li , Yin Zhongyuan , Hu Yu , Wu Gang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) presenting with thrombocytopenia is rare. This report details 2 cases of NPC with grade III thrombocytopenia as a paraneoplastic syndrome.MethodsWe present 2 cases of NPC in whom grade III thrombocytopenia was diagnosed concurrently at presentation. One patient underwent definitive intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in combination with concurrent cetuximab, the other with cisplatin. Both patients received adjuvant chemotherapy composed of docetaxel and cisplatin.ResultsThe cause of their grade III thrombocytopenia was diagnosed as immunologic in origin. Prednisone was administered before IMRT, and their peripheral platelet counts recovered to normal levels. Their platelet counts fell below normal levels several times during their treatment. However, their radiotherapy and chemotherapy had never been interrupted due to thrombocytopenia.ConclusionGrade III thrombocytopenia is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with NPC. These patients can tolerate the aggressive definitive management of radiotherapy and chemotherapy with supportive care. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
How to test nontarget effects of veterinary pharmaceutical residues in livestock dung in the field
Authors: Jochmann Ralf , Blanckenhorn Wolf U , Bussière Luc , Eirkson Charles E , Jensen John , Kryger Ute , Lahr Joost , Lumaret Jean-Pierre , Römbke Jörg , Wardhaugh Keith G , Floate Kevin D 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
To register veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) as parasiticides on pastured animals, legislation in the European Union requires an environmental risk assessment to test the potential nontarget effects of fecal residues on dung-dwelling organisms. Products with adverse effects in single-species laboratory tests require further, higher-tier testing to assess the extent of these effects on entire communities of dung-dwelling organisms under more realistic field or semifield conditions. Currently, there are no documents specifically written to assist researchers in conducting higher-tier tests or to assist regulators in interpreting the results of such tests in an appropriate context. Here we provide such a document, written by members of the SETAC Advisory Group DOTTS (Dung Organism Toxicity Testing Standardization) with research experience on dung fauna in central and southern Europe, Canada, Australia, and South Africa. This document briefly reviews the organisms that make up the dung community and their role in dung degradation, identifies key considerations in the design and interpretation of experimental studies, and makes recommendations on how to proceed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:287–296. © 2010 SETAC