bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of magnesium hydroxide and its synergistic systems on the flame retardance of polyformaldehyde
Authors: Liu Yuan , Wang Zhangyu , Wang Qi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn inorganic flame retardant, magnesium hydroxide (MH) with series synergists including melamine (ME), linear novolac resin (LNR), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) was incorporated with polyformaldehyde (POM) resin in this article. The obvious advantage of the system is that the used flame retardant and the synergists possess multiflame retarding mechanisms and multifunctions. The prepared flame retardant POM could achieve UL94 V‐0 rating (1.6 mm) with optimum flame retardant/synergists formulations, showing satisfactory flame retardance. Various characterization methods including pyrolysis‐gas chromatogram‐mass spectrometer (Py‐GC‐MS) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were used to investigate the interaction among the components and reveal the corresponding synergistic mechanisms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Anatomy education in Namibia: Balancing facility design and curriculum development
Authors: Wessels Quenton , Vorster Willie , Jacobson Christian 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe anatomy curriculum at Namibia's first, and currently only, medical school is clinically oriented, outcome‐based, and includes all of the components of modern anatomical sciences i.e., histology, embryology, neuroanatomy, gross, and clinical anatomy. The design of the facilities and the equipment incorporated into these facilities were directed toward simplification of work flow and ease of use by faculty, staff, and students. From the onset, the integration of state of the art technology was pursued to facilitate teaching and promote a student‐centered pedagogical approach to dissections. The program, as realized, is comprised of three 16‐week semesters with seven hours of contact time per week, namely three hours of lectures and four hours of dissection laboratory and microscopy time. Set outcomes were established, each revolving around clinical cases with integrated medical imaging. The design of the facility itself was not constrained by a legacy structure, allowing the School of Medicine, in collaboration with architects and contractors, to design the building from scratch. A design was implemented that allows for the sequential processing of cadaveric material in a unidirectional flow from reception, to preparation, embalming, storage, dissection, and maceration. Importantly, the odor of formaldehyde typically associated with anatomy facilities was eliminated outside of the dissection areas and minimized within via a high‐performance ventilation system. By holistically incorporating an integrated curriculum, facility design, and teaching at an early stage, the authors believe they have created a system that might serve as a model for new anatomy programs. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
ChemInform Abstract: An α‐Diaminoboryl Carbanion Assisted Stereoselective Single‐Pot Preparation of α,β‐Disubstituted Acrylonitriles.
Authors: Tomioka Takashi , Sankranti Rambabu , Vaughan Trey G. , Maejima Toshihide , Yanase Takayoshi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwo efficient methods are reported: the use of aromatic and conjugated aldehydes predominantly leads to (Z)‐isomers, whereas with aliphatic aldehydes the (E)‐isomers are mainly formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acyclic, Symmetrical 3,3′‐Allyl Dithioethers, from the Alkylation of 3‐Mercapto‐2‐mercaptomethylprop‐1‐ene in the Presence of Sodium Hydride.
Authors: Moorhoff Cornelis M. , Cook Wayne D. , Chen Fei , Nghiem Dat , Braybrook Carl , Thang San H. , Sun Jiazeng , Scott Timothy F. , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwo procedures are employed to obtain the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylation of 1‐Phenyl‐1‐propyne with N‐ and O‐Pronucleophiles Using Polymer Supported Triphenylphosphine Palladium Complex as a Heterogeneous and Recyclable Catalyst.
Authors: Wagh Yogesh S. , Sawant Dinesh N. , Dhake Kishor P. , Deshmukh Krishna M. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOptimized conditions including the highly active catalyst system allow the allylation of amines and alcohols and even of less nucleophilic carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Highly Selective Aqueous Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides at Room Temperature Catalyzed by Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on SBA‐15.
Authors: Rajabi Fatemeh , Naserian Sareh , Primo Ana , Luque Rafael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe catalyst is found to be an efficient, easily recoverable agent for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Cyclopentanes Based on Intramolecular [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Trimethylsilyl Nitronates Generated from 6‐Nitrohex‐1‐ene Derivatives.
Authors: Lozanova A. V. , Stepanov A. V. , Osipova O. D. , Vinnikova A. N. , Veselovsky V. V. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA method for the stereoselective synthesis of cis‐cyclopentalerolactone (VIII), a promising synthon for the preparation of natural cyclopentanoids of the isoprostane series, is developed using the intramolecular dipolar [3 + 2] cycloaddition of silyl nitronates [→(III)] as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Alkylation/Gold‐Catalyzed Annulation Reactions of Anilines with Propargylic Bromide Derivatives.
Authors: Alfonsi Maria , Arcadi Antonio , Chiarini Marco , Marinelli Fabio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of functionalized quinolines is achieved through N‐propargylation of anilines followed by Au‐catalyzed 6‐endo‐dig intramolecular hydroarylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Tricyclic Cycloalkylimidazo‐, Pyrimido‐ and Diazepinopurinediones.
Authors: Kiec‐Kononowicz Katarzyna , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMost of the new compounds exhibit adenosine A2a receptor affinity, with compounds (IIIb), (VIa) and (VIII) to be the most potent ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Steroidal C‐20 Tertiary Alcohols with Thiazole/Pyridine Side Chain.
Authors: Shingate Bapurao B. , Hazra Braja G. , Salunke Deepak B. , Pore Vandana S. , Shirazi Fazal , Deshpande Mukund V. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNovel steroidal C‐20 tertiary alcohols with heterocyclic side chain are synthesized using Grignard reactions of steroidal ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Hydrazino Phosphonates from L‐Amino Acid‐ and L‐Glutathione‐Derived Hydrazones.
Authors: Matveeva E. D. , Kolesnikova I. N. , Zefirov N. S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract[Tetra(tert‐butyl)phthalocyanine]aluminium chloride catalyzes the hydrophosphorylation of cyclic ketone hydrazones derived from hydrazides of L‐amino acids as well as glutathione.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylisobenzofuranones from Fungicolous Nodulisporium sp. SH‐1.
Authors: Hayasaka Shingo , Koseki Takuya , Murayama Tetsuya , Kwon Eunsang , Shiono Yoshihito 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNodulisporone A (Ia) exhibits antimicrobial activity against C.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrids of Oxoisoaporphine‐Tacrine Congeners: Novel Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase‐Induced β‐Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitors.
Authors: Tang Huang , Zhao Li‐Zhen , Zhao Hao‐Tao , Huang Shi‐Liang , Zhong Shu‐Ming , Qin Jiang‐Ke , Chen Zhen‐Feng , Huang Zhi‐Shu , Liang Hong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA series of dual binding site acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, e.g. (I), are designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability to inhibit AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), AChE‐induced and self‐induced β‐amyloid (Aβ) aggregation.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Inorganic Porous Materials by Design: Looking for New Architectures
Authors: Medina Manuela E. , Platero‐Prats Ana E. , Snejko Natalia , Rojas Alex , Monge Angeles , Gandara Felipe , Gutierrez‐Puebla Enrique , Camblor Miguel A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractReview: 69 refs.
Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility – A Case of CSR Communication in Emerging Economies
Authors: Amaladoss Martin Xavier , Manohar Hansa Lysander 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe debate concerning corporate social responsibility (CSR) is shifting from public relations, reputation management, and cause marketing to issues of competitive advantage and good corporate governance. The need for and benefits of proactive and transparent communication about CSR are widely acknowledged. This study uses the case study approach to examine the practice and communication of CSR in emerging economies with a focus on India. This empirical study analyses the CSR and governance themes of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), the largest private company from India for CSR communication. The study finds that the company lacks an inclusive and strategic approach to CSR communication. Based on the findings, we develop a participatory ‘top‐down’ and ‘inside‐out’ approach to management of CSR communication by corporates in emerging economies in Asia. Despite some limitations, this study is expected to serve as a pointer to the effectiveness of CSR communication by the Indian corporate sector in particular and Asian companies in general. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 1/12
Authors: Rouzaire Paul , Luci Carmelo , Blasco Elisabeth , Bienvenu Jacques , Walzer Thierry , Nicolas Jean‐François , Hennino Ana 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe cover shows a histological analysis of an ear section from a C57BL/6 mouse that was first sensitised with 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene on the belly and then challenged 4 days later with 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene on the ear. Haematoxylin and eosin staining shows massive skin infiltration by mononuclear cells and granulocytes 24 h after challenge. The image is from Rouzaire et al. (pp. 80–88) in which the authors show that NK cells and T cells induce different types of inflammatory reactions in the skin during recall responses to haptens; of note, NK cell‐mediated pathogenesis does not rely on cellular infiltrate.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Azido‐1,2,4‐triazoles: A Class of Heteroarenes with a High Nitrogen Content
Authors: Cardillo Paolo , Dellavedova Marco , Gigante Lucia , Lunghi Angelo , Pasturenzi Christian , Salatelli Elisabetta , Zanirato Paolo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe syntheses of azido‐1,2,4‐triazoles 1–5 were carried out from triaminoguanidine hydrochloride and a carboxylic acid (formic, acetic, 2,2,2‐trifluoroacetic, 2‐benzylacetic, monochloroacetic acid) by a three‐step synthetic route and were analyzed by accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). The thermal decomposition of 1–5 was studied theoretically by using CHETAH and T1 software, and experimentally by using DSC to obtain kinetic data. Numerical modelling and mass spectrometry were also performed to estimate the nature of the intrinsic molecular reactivity of 1–5 and the possible early stages of a self‐heating process. Complete optimization by using HF, B3LYP and MP2(full) methods at the 6‐31G* level were performed on significant tautomeric forms of the azido‐triazoles to confirm the electronic structures that were obtained by EI‐MS.
Discussion of paper ‘Simulation of floor response spectra in shake table experiments’ by G. Maddaloni, K. P. Ryu and A. M. Reinhorn, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 2011; 40(6): 591‐604
Authors: Huang Baofeng , Chen Shiming , Lu Wensheng 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThree main topics including the floor motion action mechanism, the test frame design, and the target spectrum simulation presented in the paper are discussed specifically. Floor motion action mechanism is critical in understanding the seismic performance of architectural nonstructural components. Seismic sensitiveness and earthquake response properties of the nonstructural components should be considered in the design of the test frame for the shaking table test. Target spectrum simulation is also a challenging job in the shaking table test, in which dynamic characteristics of the specimen, performance of the shaking table facilities, and the control techniques should be all considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inactivation of Ink4a/Arf leads to deregulated expression of miRNAs in K‐Ras transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ali Shadan , Banerjee Sanjeev , Logna Farah , Bao Bin , Philip Philip A. , Korc Murray , Sarkar Fazlul H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHuman pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive disease, which has been recapitulated in transgenic animal model that provides unique opportunity for mechanistic understanding of disease progression and also for testing the efficacy of novel therapeutics. Emerging evidence suggests deregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human PC, and thus we investigated the expression of miRNAs in pancreas tissues obtained from transgenic mouse models of K‐Ras (K), Pdx1‐Cre (C), K‐Ras;Pdx1‐Cre (KC), and K‐Ras;Pdx1‐Cre;INK4a/Arf (KCI), initially from pooled RNA samples using miRNA profiling, and further confirmed in individual specimens by quantitative RT‐PCR. We found over‐expression of miR‐21, miR‐221, miR‐27a, miR‐27b, and miR‐155, and down‐regulation of miR‐216a, miR‐216b, miR‐217, and miR‐146a expression in tumors derived from KC and KCI mouse model, which was consistent with data from KCI‐derived RInk‐1 cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed a significant induction of EGFR, K‐Ras, and MT1‐MMP protein expression in tissues from both KC and KCI mouse compared to tissues from K or C, and these results were consistent with similar findings in RInk‐1 cells compared to human MIAPaCa‐2 cells. Furthermore, miR‐155 knock‐down in RInk‐1 cells resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and colony formation consistent with down‐regulation of EGFR, MT1‐MMP, and K‐Ras expression. In addition, miR‐216b which target Ras, and forced re‐expression of miR‐216b in RInk‐1 cells showed inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation, which was correlated with reduced expression of Ras, EGFR, and MT1‐MMP. These findings suggest that these models would be useful for preclinical evaluation of novel miRNA‐targeted agents for designing personalized therapy for PC. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3373–3380, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organosulfur derivatives of the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid sensitize human lung cancer cell lines to apoptosis and to cisplatin cytotoxicity
Authors: Tesei Anna , Brigliadori Giovanni , Carloni Silvia , Fabbri Francesco , Ulivi Paola , Arienti Chiara , Sparatore Anna , Del Soldato Piero , Pasini Alice , Amadori Dino , Silvestrini Rosella , Zoli Wainer 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and despite efforts made to improve clinical results, continuing poor survival rates indicate that novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Valproic acid (VPA), a short‐chain branched fatty acid used mainly for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder, has been shown to inhibit class I histone deacetylases (HDAC‐I), a group of enzymes involved in chromatin remodeling and which are thought to play a role in tumor development. Although evidence of VPA's therapeutic efficacy has also been observed in patients with solid tumors, the very high concentration required to induce antitumor activity limits its clinical usefulness. We used a panel of NSCLC cell lines to evaluate the activity and mechanisms of action of organosulfur valproic acid derivatives, a promising new class of compounds designed to improve the safety and efficacy of the valproic acid molecule and created by coupling it with a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)‐releasing moiety. Our results highlighted the increased cytotoxic activity of the novel organosulfur derivatives, ACS33 and ACS2, with respect to VPA, starting from low concentrations. In particular, ACS2 exhibited important pro‐apoptotic activity triggered by the mitochondrial pathway and also showed anti‐invasion potential. Furthermore, our in vitro results identified a highly effective combination schedule of ACS2 and cisplatin capable of inducing a synergistic interaction even when the two drugs were used at low concentrations, which could prove a valid alternative to traditional chemotherapeutic regimens used for advanced lung cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3389–3396, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A framework for inference about carnivore density from unstructured spatial sampling of scat using detector dogs
Authors: Thompson Craig M. , Royle J. Andrew , Garner James D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWildlife management often hinges upon an accurate assessment of population density. Although undeniably useful, many of the traditional approaches to density estimation such as visual counts, livetrapping, or mark–recapture suffer from a suite of methodological and analytical weaknesses. Rare, secretive, or highly mobile species exacerbate these problems through the reality of small sample sizes and movement on and off study sites. In response to these difficulties, there is growing interest in the use of non‐invasive survey techniques, which provide the opportunity to collect larger samples with minimal increases in effort, as well as the application of analytical frameworks that are not reliant on large sample size arguments. One promising survey technique, the use of scat detecting dogs, offers a greatly enhanced probability of detection while at the same time generating new difficulties with respect to non‐standard survey routes, variable search intensity, and the lack of a fixed survey point for characterizing non‐detection. In order to account for these issues, we modified an existing spatially explicit, capture–recapture model for camera trap data to account for variable search intensity and the lack of fixed, georeferenced trap locations. We applied this modified model to a fisher (Martes pennanti) dataset from the Sierra National Forest, California, and compared the results (12.3 fishers/100 km2) to more traditional density estimates. We then evaluated model performance using simulations at 3 levels of population density. Simulation results indicated that estimates based on the posterior mode were relatively unbiased. We believe that this approach provides a flexible analytical framework for reconciling the inconsistencies between detector dog survey data and density estimation procedures. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
The reaction of cyclohexane with H‐atoms: A shock tube and modeling study
Authors: Peukert Sebastian , Naumann Clemens , Braun‐Unkhoff Marina , Riedel Uwe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe present work deals with experimental investigations on the bimolecular reaction of H‐atoms with cyclohexane (cC6H12). Iodoethane (C2H5I) was used as an in situ source for H‐atoms to investigate the bimolecular reaction. As the reaction of cC6H12 with H‐atoms yields H2 and cyclohexyl radicals (cC6H11), the mechanism of the thermal decomposition of cC6H11 is of fundamental importance for the interpretation of the experiments. Therefore, also the thermal decomposition of 1‐hexene‐6‐yl (16‐C6H11) was analyzed due to the assumption that cC6H11 almost exclusively isomerizes to 16‐C6H11. 6‐Iodo‐1‐hexene (16‐C6H11I) was used as a precursor molecule for the generation of 16‐C6H11 radicals. The experiments were carried out in a stainless steel shock tube. For the reaction of cC6H12 molecules with H‐atoms, the measurements were performed over a temperature range of 1050–1190 K, at pressures ranging from 1.8 to 2.5 bar; the 16‐C6H11I experiments were carried out at temperatures between 1060 and 1160 K and pressures around 2.0 bar. Behind reflected shock waves, the H‐atom absorption was monitored by atomic resonance absorption spectrometry at the Lyman‐α line (121.6 nm). The experiments reveal important aspects about the thermal dissociation of cyclohexyl radicals (cC6H11). Concerning the reaction cC6H12 + H → cC6H11 + H2 (R1), a rate coefficient expression was derived: kR1(T) = 6.3 × 1013 exp(−2505 K/T) cm3 mol−1 s−1. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 130–146, 2012
Non‐parametric kinetic analysis of the oxidation of TiN and TiC nanoparticles
Authors: Sempere J. , Nomen R. , Serra E. , Sempere B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe non‐parametric kinetics (NPK) method was developed for simulation purposes by applying macroscopic kinetics to complex reactions and transformations. This is able to describe a reaction and provide information about its temperature function, such as Arrhenius equation, and the type of reaction involved. To determine whether the method is applicable to reactions involving nanoscale materials, the NPK method is applied to study the oxidation of titanium nitride and carbide and the results are compared with those already obtained. NPK reproduces both reactions without any problems. It provides consistent results in the case of nitride, but in the case of carbide it suggests that more transformations are involved in the reaction, most likely including diffusional control of the reaction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 147–154, 2012
Kinetic studies on N‐Mannich bases of 3‐hydrazonoindolin‐2‐one in water–ethanol and water–acetonitrile mixtures
Authors: Ismail Amel M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractVarious isatin–N‐Mannich bases have shown antiviral and tuberculosatic activity. A reaction of 3‐hydrazonoindolin‐2‐one was performed efficiently with morpholine in the presence of formaldehyde. Kinetic studies have revealed no reaction between 3‐hydrazonoindolin‐2‐one and morpholine in the absence of formaldehyde. The reaction was found to obey the pseudo–first‐order kinetics. It was carried out at the temperature range of 30–60°C and at different percentage compositions of aqueous ethanol and aqueous acetonitrile up to 50% v/v. Addition of the organic cosolvent to water decreases the rate of the reaction. The thermodynamic parameters of activation, e.g., ΔH*, ΔS*, and ΔG*, were calculated. The solvent effect is discussed, considering the dielectric constant of the medium, water concentration, and the differential solvation of the species to explain the variation in the reaction rate. The solvent effects were also analyzed in terms of Kamlet–Taft solvatochromic parameters in aqueous organic solvents, ethanol, and acetonitrile. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 125–129, 2012
When does a royalty clause with a guarantee lead to a no‐equilibrium situation in a licensing contract?
Authors: Buratto Alessandra 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYWe consider a licensing agreement where a brand owner grants to a manufacturer the rights to use his own brand on the goods she produces. The ‘royalty’ clause requires that the licensee pays a monetary compensation for having such property and it generally consists of a percentage of the licensee's sales. Furthermore, a guaranteed minimum royalty, the so‐called guarantee, is also required, and it has to be paid even in the face of total failure of the property.We take into account such clause by considering a non‐differentiable term—the maximum between the guarantee and the percentage of the sales—in the payoffs of the involved parts. A Stackelberg game constituted by two non‐differentiable optimal control problems is formulated in order to find the Stackelberg equilibrium open‐loop advertising strategies for the licensor and the licensee. We discuss the existence conditions for such an equilibrium with respect to feasible guarantee levels, and we highlight that particular guarantee values lead to a no‐equilibrium situations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.