bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethanol Dehydration to Ethylene in a Stratified Autothermal Millisecond Reactor
Authors: Skinner Michael J. , Michor Edward L. , Fan Wei , Tsapatsis Michael , Bhan Aditya , Schmidt Lanny D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe concurrent decomposition and deoxygenation of ethanol was accomplished in a stratified reactor with 50–80 ms contact times. The stratified reactor comprised an upstream oxidation zone that contained Pt‐coated Al2O3 beads and a downstream dehydration zone consisting of H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite films deposited on Al2O3 monoliths. Ethanol conversion, product selectivity, and reactor temperature profiles were measured for a range of fuel:oxygen ratios for two autothermal reactor configurations using two different sacrificial fuel mixtures: a parallel hydrogen–ethanol feed system and a series methane–ethanol feed system. Increasing the amount of oxygen relative to the fuel resulted in a monotonic increase in ethanol conversion in both reaction zones. The majority of the converted carbon was in the form of ethylene, where the ethanol carboncarbon bonds stayed intact while the oxygen was removed. Over 90 % yield of ethylene was achieved by using methane as a sacrificial fuel. These results demonstrate that noble metals can be successfully paired with zeolites to create a stratified autothermal reactor capable of removing oxygen from biomass model compounds in a compact, continuous flow system that can be configured to have multiple feed inputs, depending on process restrictions.
Glia unglued: How signals from the extracellular matrix regulate the development of myelinating glia
Authors: Colognato Holly , Tzvetanova Iva D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe health and function of the nervous system relies on glial cells that ensheath neuronal axons with a specialized plasma membrane termed myelin. The molecular mechanisms by which glial cells target and enwrap axons with myelin are only beginning to be elucidated, yet several studies have implicated extracellular matrix proteins and their receptors as being important extrinsic regulators. This review provides an overview of the extracellular matrix proteins and their receptors that regulate multiple steps in the cellular development of Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glia of the PNS and CNS, respectively, as well as in the construction and maintenance of the myelin sheath itself. The first part describes the relevant cellular events that are influenced by particular extracellular matrix proteins and receptors, including laminins, collagens, integrins, and dystroglycan. The second part describes the signaling pathways and effector molecules that have been demonstrated to be downstream of Schwann cell and oligodendroglial extracellular matrix receptors, including FAK, small Rho GTPases, ILK, and the PI3K/Akt pathway, and the roles that have been ascribed to these signaling mediators. Throughout, we emphasize the concept of extracellular matrix proteins as environmental sensors that act to integrate, or match, cellular responses, in particular to those downstream of growth factors, to appropriate matrix attachment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 924‐955, 2011
Induced Syk deletion leads to suppressed allergic responses but has no effect on neutrophil or monocyte migration in vivo
Authors: Wex Eva , Bouyssou Thierry , Duechs Matthias J. , Erb Klaus J. , Gantner Florian , Sanderson Michael P. , Schnapp Andreas , Stierstorfer Birgit E. , Wollin Lutz 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a key mediator of immunoreceptor signaling in immune cells. Thus, interfering with the function of Syk by genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition might influence a variety of allergic and autoimmune processes. Since conventional Syk knockout mice are not viable, studies addressing the effect of Syk deletion in adult animals have been limited. To further explore functions of Syk in animal models of allergy and to shed light on the role of Syk in the in vivo migration of neutrophils and monocytes, we generated inducible Syk knockout mice. These mice harbor a floxed Syk gene and a tamoxifen‐inducible Cre recombinase under the control of the ubiquitously active Rosa26‐promoter. Thus, treatment of mice with tamoxifen leads to the deletion of Syk in all organs. Syk‐deleted mice were analyzed in mast cell‐dependent models and in models focusing on neutrophil and monocyte migration. We show that Syk deletion in adult mice reduces inflammatory responses in mast cell‐driven animal models of allergy and asthma but has no effect on the migration of neutrophils and monocytes. Therefore, the inducible Syk knockout mice presented here provide a valuable tool to further explore the role of Syk in disease‐related animal models.
Nickel(II) Coordination Polymers – 4,4′‐Bipyridine‐Connected Six‐ and Four‐Fold Metal–Succinate Helices and Their Corresponding Chiral and Achiral Networks
Authors: Das Sunirban , Maloth Swamy , Pal Samudranil 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe reaction of equimolar amounts of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, Na2(suc)·6H2O (suc = succinate) and 4,4′‐bipyridine (bipy) under different conditions yield the coordination polymers [Ni(suc)(bipy)(H2O)2]n·2nH2O (1) and [Ni(suc)(bipy)(H2O)2]n·nH2O (2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic, thermogravimetric, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Crystal structures reveal that the metal centers in both complexes are in a distorted octahedral N2O4 coordination sphere assembled by mutually trans pairs of 4,4′‐bipyridine, succinate, and water molecules. The helical metal–succinate chains have a right‐handed sixfold configuration in 1, with guest water molecules inside the helix, and both right‐ and left‐handed fourfold configurations in 2, with guest water molecules outside the helix. The parallel helical substructures are connected by 4,4′‐bipyridine and provide 3D chiral 75.9 and achiral 65.8 networks in 1 and 2, respectively.
Simultaneous thin section and phytolith observations of finely stratified deposits from Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey: implications for paleoeconomy and Early Holocene paleoenvironment
Authors: Shillito Lisa‐Marie 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSimultaneous thin section and phytolith observations of finely stratified anthropogenic deposits from the Neolithic settlement of Çatalhöyük, Turkey, dated between 7400 and 6000 BC provide evidence for both the depositional context and phytolith assemblage of these deposits. Although extracted phytoliths provide a general picture of vegetation that supports existing evidence of a local wet marshland environment, comparisons with observations of phytoliths in situ indicate a diverse range of microcontexts, as well as depositional and post‐depositional processes that influence phytolith size. This has implications for studies that use conjoined phytolith size as a proxy for water availability and early agricultural practices. Observations indicate a significant background noise of phytoliths and micro‐charcoal in the deposits, linked to the frequent use of fire, which has implications for interpreting assemblages where phytolith counts are low, such as from floors of buildings. This study confirms the usefulness of phytoliths in providing information on human plant use and environment where the taphonomy of the deposits is clear, and provides new evidence for wet farming of at least some of the wheat found at the site. It also suggests there needs to be greater consideration of phytolith taphonomy, which can be provided to an extent by combining phytolith analysis with thin section micromorphology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late glacial and holocene 10Be production rates for western Norway
Authors: Goehring Brent M. , Lohne Øystein Strand , Mangerud Jan , Svendsen John Inge , Gyllencreutz Richard , Schaefer Joerg , Finkel Robert 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe present a new regional calibration of the 10Be production rate from two well‐dated surfaces in southern Norway: a rock avalanche with 14C‐dated wood and a precisely dated Younger Dryas moraine. Calculated 10Be production rates are 4.26 ± 0.13 and 4.65 ± 0.14 at g−1 a−1 for the Lal/Stone and Lifton scaling models, respectively. Our regional production rate for southern Norway is 5% lower than the canonical global 10Be production rate with lower uncertainties. Our 10Be production rate agrees with regional 10Be production rates from north‐eastern North America and New Zealand. The 10Be production rate estimate presented here can be used to improve the precision and accuracy of exposure‐dated ice‐marginal features, as well as other surfaces, in northern Europe. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of risk factors proximate to time of trauma in the course of PTSD and MDD symptoms following traumatic injury
Authors: Norman Sonya B. , Trim Ryan S. , Goldsmith Abigail A. , Dimsdale Joel E. , Hoyt David B. , Norman Gregory J. , Stein Murray B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractQuestions exist regarding whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are unique sequelae of trauma or a manifestation of a single form of psychopathology. Using latent growth modeling, we examined the role of risk factors occurring within 48 hours of the time of trauma on the course of PTSD and MDD symptoms over an 8‐month period in 163 participants recruited from a level 1 surgical trauma center. Both PTSD and MDD symptoms showed peak prevalence by 1 month and significantly decreased over 7 months. Greater postinjury pain and PTSD symptoms (measured within 48 hours of trauma) predicted higher rates of both PTSD and MDD symptoms at 1 month. Other predictors were unique to each disorder. Results suggest that PTSD and MDD are related consequences of trauma.
Differential risk of Clostridium difficile infection with proton pump inhibitor use by level of antibiotic exposure
Authors: Stevens Vanessa , Dumyati Ghinwa , Brown Jack , van Wijngaarden Edwin 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of hospital‐acquired diarrhea worldwide. We examined the risk of CDI associated with the use of acid‐suppressive agents (proton pump inhibitors [PPI] and histamine‐2 receptor blockers) and determined whether this risk varied by number or type of antibiotic (high or low CDI risk) received during hospitalization.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalizations among adult patients at an academic teaching hospital in Rochester, New York, during which two or more days of antibiotics were prescribed. Multivariable marginal Cox proportional hazards models with time‐varying exposures were used to examine time to the development of CDI.ResultsA total of 10 154 hospitalizations and 241 cases of CDI, defined as detection of C. difficile toxin in a diarrheal stool sample within 60 days of discharge, were identified. PPI use was independently associated with an increased risk of CDI (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3–9.0). Among hospitalizations during which one, two, three or four, and five or more antibiotics were prescribed, the adjusted hazard ratios for PPI use were 15.7 (CI = 6.4–38.8), 4.9 (CI = 2.2–11.2), 4.3 (CI = 1.9–9.9), and 2.7 (CI = 1.2–5.9), respectively (p for interaction = .002).ConclusionsThe use of PPI is common among patients receiving antibiotics during hospitalization. The greater risk of CDI in relation to PPI among hospitalizations during which fewer or low‐risk antibiotics were prescribed suggests a potentially clinically relevant interaction between antibiotics and PPI. Further study is needed to elucidate possible mechanisms for the observed effect. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of a needs‐based biopsychosocial distress instrument for cancer patients
Authors: Lowery Amy E. , Greenberg Melanie A. , Foster Sharon L. , Clark Karen , Casden Danielle R. , Loscalzo Matthew , Bardwell Wayne A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectivePeople with cancer may experience distress related to diagnoses, disease‐related symptoms, and treatment side effects. Assessment of cancer‐related needs can facilitate timely triage and intervention and contribute to individualized comprehensive cancer care. This study assessed the internal consistency, test–retest reliability and construct validity of the Cancer Needs Distress Inventory (CaNDI), a self‐report, needs‐based measure of cancer‐related distress.MethodsA sample of 100 patients (27% male) with various cancer diagnoses completed the CaNDI, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General, and the Paulhus Deception Scales.ResultsThe CaNDI total and depressive and anxiety subscale scores all demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability and moderate to high correlations with other measures of these constructs. The instrument was minimally confounded by social desirability and provided high sensitivity and specificity in detecting depression and anxiety.ConclusionsInitial results suggest that the CaNDI has strong psychometric properties and may be a useful addition to cancer patient needs assessment, research and care. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology control of a rapidly grown vertically aligned carbon‐nanotube forest for fiber spinning
Authors: Iijima T. , Oshima H. , Hayashi Y. , Suryavanshi U. B. , Hayashi A. , Tanemura M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have interesting applications because of their good electrical and mechanical properties. CNT fiber is fabricated in a simple way, that it is spun from a vertically aligned CNT forest (VACNF). Spinning occurs by joining of CNT when the CNT at the edge of a VACNF is drawn horizontally. However, the mechanism of spinning is still not clear. To investigate it, we fabricated a spinnable VACNF by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and compared it with unspinnable VACNF by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation and polarized Raman spectroscopy. It was found that there were a few big differences between spinnable and unspinnable VACNFs. In the case of spinnable VACNF, most of the CNTs are straight and well aligned. Spinnable VACNF also contains CNT bundles consisting of 8–10 CNTs that are not vertically aligned. This CNT bundle was shared by a few adjacent thicker CNT bundles. These points are very important for continuous fiber spinning.
Interface electrical properties of Fe3O4/MgO/GaAs(100) epitaxial spin contacts
Authors: Wong Ping Kwan Johnny , Zhang Wen , Xu Yongbing 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe have successfully accomplished the growth and fabrication of two types of molecular‐beam epitaxy‐grown Fe3O4‐based spin contacts on GaAs(100): (i) Fe3O4/GaAs direct contact, and (ii) Fe3O4/MgO/GaAs tunnel junction, both of which can be potentially used for electrical spin injection and detection at room temperature. Using current–voltage (I–V) measurements, we show, for the first time, the very different interface electrical properties of those epitaxial spin contacts on GaAs(100) surfaces. A more symmetric I–V relationship has been revealed in Fe3O4/MgO/GaAs(100) tunnel junctions, meaning that thermionic emission, which is important in epitaxial Fe3O4/GaAs(100) no longer plays a dominant role and that electron tunneling across the MgO tunnel barrier takes over the electronic transport characteristics. Moreover, by manipulating the MgO layer thickness (0.5 to 3.0 nm), the contact resistance of the tunnel junctions, a prerequisite parameter determining the efficiency of spin injection and detection into GaAs, can be tuned over three orders of magnitude.
Nanomanipulation of 2 inch wafer fabrication of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays by nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Bu Ian Y. Y. , Eichhorn Volkmar , Carlson Kenneth , Boggild Peter , Fatikow Sergej 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) arrays are typically defined by electron beam lithography (EBL), and hence limited to small areas due to the low throughput. To obtain wafer‐scale fabrication we propose large area thermal nanoimprint lithography (NIL). A 2‐inch stamp master is defined using EBL for subsequent pattern transfer to a hard metal mask before deep reactive ion etching (RIE) to form the stamp protrusions. This stamp master is then pressed against a wafer covered with nanoimprint resist, at a temperature above the glass transition temperature, transferring the pattern to polymer. Using this process, efficient production of wafer‐scale/larger arrays of CNTs has been achieved. The CNTs have been deposited by wafer‐scale plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) of C2H2/NH3. Substrates containing such nanotubes have been used to automate nanorobotic manipulation sequences of individual CNTs and their assembly into prototypic CNT‐based devices.
Monte Carlo simulation on magnetic properties in triangular Heisenberg system with single‐ion anisotropy
Authors: Yao Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe magnetic properties dependent on temperature and external magnetic field in the spin frustrated triangular system are investigated by using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation on a Heisenberg spin model. The single‐ion anisotropy with different magnitudes is introduced to scrutinize the variation of magnetic behavior. It is revealed that the strong anisotropy is an essential key to induce the step‐like magnetization as a function of magnetic field, as observed in the triangular spin‐chain compound Ca3Co2O6 at low temperature. Furthermore, the critical temperature, at which the stepwise magnetic behavior emerges is raised by increasing the anisotropy. This is attributed to the collinear spin structure strengthened by the anisotropy.
Magnetic properties of Cr‐doped ZnO nanorods fabricated by hydrothermal method in a high pulsed magnetic field
Authors: Zhu Mingyuan , Hu Yemin , Li Ying , Li Yibing , Jin Hongming 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCr‐doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) nanorods with nominal composition of 1 at.% were synthesized by a hydrothermal method with the assistance of a high pulsed magnetic field (HHPMF). All the Cr‐doped ZnO samples obtained with or without the applied high magnetic field exhibited room‐temperature ferromagnetic behavior. It is observed that the high magnetic field plays an important role in saturation magnetization of the samples. The effects of high magnetic field on the morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of the samples were discussed.
Spontaneous formation and characterization of silicon carbide nanowires produced via thermolysis
Authors: Soszyński Michał , Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Huczko Andrzej 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe report on experiments to optimize the process of preparation of silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNWs) by a combustion synthesis (thermolysis). The morphology of starting reactants and combustion atmosphere were varied and we observed the effect of those variables on product yield and characteristics. The produced SiCNWs were characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, and wet chemistry analysis. magnified image
High‐pressure reactor used for combustion synthesis, combustion reaction, and TEM of produced SiCNW
Robust real‐time robot–world calibration for robotized transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Richter Lars , Ernst Floris , Schlaefer Alexander , Schweikard Achim 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundFor robotized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the magnetic coil is placed on the patient's head by a robot. As the robotized TMS system requires tracking of head movements, robot and tracking camera need to be calibrated. However, for robotized TMS in a clinical setting, such calibration is required frequently. Mounting/unmounting a marker to the end effector and moving the robot into different poses is impractical. Moreover, if either system is moved during treatment, recalibration is required.MethodsTo overcome this limitation, we propose to directly track a marker at link three of the articulated arm. Using forward kinematics and a constant marker transform to link three, the calibration can be performed instantly.ResultsOur experimental results indicate an accuracy similar to standard hand‐eye calibration approaches. It also outperforms classical hand‐held navigated TMS systems.ConclusionThis robust online calibration greatly enhances the system's user‐friendliness and safety. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of Metanil Yellow Azoic Dye from Aqueous Solution onto Mg‐Fe‐NO3 Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Nejati Kamellia , Rezvani Zolfaghar , Mansurfar Mahsa , Mirzaee Abolfazl , Mahkam Mehrdad 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe report the preparation and characterization of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) adsorbent for azoic dye, metanil yellow (yellow GX; YGX) removal. The nanoparticles of Mg‐Fe‐LDH‐NO3 adsorbent were prepared with Mg/Fe molar ratio of 3:1 by a hydrothermal process and coprecipitation method at pH 9.5 and were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The size and morphology of nanoparticles were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD patterns indicate that the intercalation of YGX between the LDH layers has not occurred and surface adsorption has happened. In the adsorption experiments, the Gibbs free energy ΔG0 values, the enthalpy ΔH0, and entropy ΔS0 was determined. The isotherms showed that the adsorption of YGX by Mg‐Fe‐LDH‐NO3 was both consistent with Langmuir and Freundlich equations.
Sources of Uncertainty About Daughters’ Breast Cancer Risk that Emerge During Genetic Counseling Consultations
Authors: Bylund Carma L. , Fisher Carla L. , Brashers Dale , Edgerson Shawna , Glogowski Emily A. , Boyar Sherry R. , Kemel Yelena , Spencer Sara , Kissane David 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUncertainty is central to the experience of genetic decision making and counseling about cancer risk. Women seeking genetic counseling about their breast cancer risk may experience a great deal of uncertainty about issues related to their daughters. We used a theory of Communication and Uncertainty Management to guide analysis of sources of uncertainty about daughters that emerged during 16 video‐recorded and transcribed conversations between mothers at risk for a BRCA 1/2 mutation and their genetic healthcare practitioners. An interpretive design and constant comparative method revealed three dominant patterns or themes representing sources of uncertainty mothers have relating to their daughters: disease risk, future cancer screening, and communication of related information to daughters. Both practitioners and mothers discussed these aspects of uncertainty. The findings identify the significant role uncertainty and familial concerns play in mothers’ genetic testing decision making process. To assist genetic practitioners, we highlight daughter‐related concerns that mothers are uncertain about and which are vital to their genetic counseling needs.