bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gnireteet
Authors: Bruce David R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBefore 2005, the term ‘teetering’ was relegated to the annuls of history as the term ‘fluidization’ was commonly utilized to describe gas–solids contacting processes. In his epochal article “Teetering”, examination of liquid‐fluidizing beds used for classification of minerals by size (sizing) or density (sorting), Norman Epstein described in detail the current understanding of particle segregation and mixing in liquid‐fluidized beds. Looking back in time, Dr. Epstein described the state‐of‐the‐art of modern uses of a traditional engineering technology and connected a historical framework to new opportunities for advancement. In the spirit of this re‐examination, an investigation of alternative ways of understanding this phenomenon are presented as inspired by the presentation of the contents of his ‘Teetering’ article at his 60th anniversary lecture to the Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering at the University of British Columbia. This article focuses on alternative concepts of construction for examination of teetering principles and further suggestions for avenues of research in this field and beyond.
Engineering the Active Sites of MOF‐derived Catalysts: From Oxygen Activation to Activate Metal‐Air Batteries†
Authors: Chen Fanjiao , Mu Xueqin , Zhou Jialing , Wang Shengchen , Liu Zhengyang , Zhou Dingyang , Liu Suli , Wang Dingsheng , Dai Zhihui 
Published: June 2024

Comprehensive SummaryThe electrochemical processes of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) play a crucial role in various energy storage and conversion systems. However, the inherently slow kinetics of reversible oxygen reactions present an urgent demand for the development of efficient oxygen electrocatalysts. Recently, metal‐organic framework (MOF) derivatives have attracted extensive attention in electrocatalysis research due to their unique porous structure, abundant active sites, and tunable structural properties. Especially, the optimization of the electronic structure of active sites in MOF derivatives has been proven as an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic activity. In this review, we provide an overview of the electronic structure optimization strategies for active sites in MOF derivatives as advanced catalysts in various O—O bond activation reactions, including the construction of synergistic effects between multiple sites, the development of heterogeneous interfaces, the utilization of metal support interactions, and the precise modulation of organic ligands surrounding catalytic active sites at the atomic level. Furthermore, this review offers theoretical insights into the oxygen activation and catalytic mechanisms of MOF derivatives, as well as the identification of active sites. Finally, the potential challenges and prospects of MOF derivatives in electrocatalysis are discussed. This review contributes to the understanding and advancement of efficient oxygen electrocatalysis in energy systems.
Key Scientists
Probe Beam Deflection Study of Au Nanoparticles Supported Into TiO2 Mesoporous Films
Authors: Coneo Rodríguez Rusbel , Angelomé Paula C. , Planes Gabriel Angel , Barbero Cesar Alfredo , Bruno Mariano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMesoporous thin films modified with nanoparticles of metal (Au) have been used for the fabrication of an ultra‐microelectrode array (UMEA). For the first time, UMEAs were studied using probe beam deflection (PBD) and cyclic voltammetry. The study was carried out using the [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4− couple as a redox probe. The electrochemical response is that of an array of nanoelectrodes. The effects of scan rate on the current and PBD signal profiles are discussed in the context of mass transport within the pores and at the solution‐electrode interface. The study suggests that the combination of PBD and CV allows a better understanding of the mass transport phenomena in this type of UMEAs of complex architecture.
Identification of potential suitable areas and conservation priority areas for representative wild animals in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains
Authors: Zhang Chao , Lu Zhongwei , Zhuang Hongfei , Zhou Jiajie , Zhang Yuan , Lv Xinyu , Chen Minhao , Krzton Ali , Xia Wancai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpecies geographic distribution and conservation priority areas are important bases for in situ biodiversity conservation and conservation decision‐making. In view of the urgency of endangered species protection, eight representative endangered species in the typical forest ecosystem of the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains were studied. Based on 1127 occurrence points and environmental data collected from 2016 to 2021, used BIOMOD2 and Zonation to reconstruct the potential distribution area and identify conservation priority areas of eight species (Tetrao parvirostris, T. tetrix, Gulo gulo, Alces alces, Martes zibellina, Moschus moschiferus, Lynx lynx, Lutra lutra). The results showed potential distribution areas for almost all species concentrated in the northern part of the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM) and the central part of the Lesser Khingan Mountains (LKM). The potential distribution areas of each species were as follows: black‐billed capercaillie, 102,623 km2; black grouse, 162,678 km2; wolverine, 63,410 km2; moose, 140,287 km2; sable, 112,254 km2; Siberian musk deer, 104,787 km2; lynx, 139,912 km2; and Eurasian otter, 49,386 km2. Conservation priority areas (CPAs) clustered in the north GKM and central LKM and totaled 220,801 km2, and only 16.94% of the CPAs were currently protected by nature reserves. We suggest that the Chinese government accelerate the integration of existing protected areas in the northern GKM and establish a larger GKM National Park based on cost‐effective multi‐species protection.
Characteristics and treatment of midlife‐onset epilepsy: A 24‐year single‐center, retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Xu , Xiang Feng , Shi Xiaobing , Wang Ziyu , Li Yang , Zhang Shimin , Lan Xiaoyang , Lang Senyang , Wang Xiangqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, etiology, and treatment of midlife‐onset epilepsy in a real‐world setting at a single center in China.MethodsThe clinical data of patients who attended the epilepsy clinic of the Department of Neurology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from February 1999 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics, etiology, and risk factors for midlife‐onset epilepsy over the past 24 years were analyzed.ResultsOf the 969 patients with onset at 45–64 years of age, 914 were diagnosed with epilepsy with at least two unprovoked seizures 24 h apart. Of those, 99.7% (911) were of focal origin. The median duration from the initial seizure to follow‐up treatment was 2 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.0–6.0 months). Before commencing treatment, 30.2% (207/683) of patients experienced more than two seizures. A structural etiology was found in 66.3% (606/914) of patients. Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounted for 19.9% (182/914) and 16.6% (152/914) of the cases, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with abnormal imaging (odds ratio [OR] 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–3.32; p = .004), focal seizures (OR 2.98; 95%CI 1.82–4.87; p < .001), and seizure clusters (OR 2.40; 95%CI 1.21–4.73; p = .01) had poor drug responses. Treatment outcomes were generally better in patients with epilepsy after CVD (OR .49; 95%CI .28–.85; p = .01). Treatment initiation after two seizures (OR .70; 95%CI .42–1.15; p = .16) or 6 months after the first seizure (OR 1.17; 95%CI .66–2.09; p = .58) did not result in poor drug effectiveness.SignificanceMidlife‐onset epilepsy is typically of focal etiology, with CVD being the most common cause, and tends to respond well to medication. The median duration from the initial seizure to follow‐up treatment was 2 months. Over 30% of patients experienced more than two seizures before commencing treatment, but this did not affect subsequent outcomes.
Rock glaciers as proxy for machine learning based debris‐covered glacier mapping of Kinnaur District, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Pradhan Ipshita Priyadarsini , Mahanta Kirti Kumar , Tiwari Nishant , Shukla Dericks Praise 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research introduces an innovative approach by utilising rock glaciers (RGs) as a proxy for mapping debris‐covered glaciers (DCGs). This approach focuses on the interconnected nature of glaciers, DCGs and RGs in a continuum where DCGs can transform into RGs over time due to various processes. This study utilises six machine learning models—logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbour (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF)—combined with multispectral satellite data (Sentinel‐2 and Landsat 8) and topographical data derived from ALOS PALSAR DEM. Performance metrics such as accuracy, area under the curve (AUC) score, precision, recall and F1‐score were evaluated to assess model performance. This detailed mapping provides a precise estimation of the extent of DCGs in the Kinnaur district. The estimated DCG areas revealed intriguing variation across models, with RF (9.71%), KNN (9.67%) and NB (9.41%) yielding similar predictions. SVM (11.61%) projected a slightly larger DCG area, whereas DT (5.54%) and LR (25.55%) provided contrasting results. Validation against high‐resolution satellite images, Google Earth images and glacier inventories confirmed the accuracy and reliability of our approach. Based on our findings for our specific study, the most effective method for mapping DCGs is RF, followed by KNN, NB, DT and SVM. The combination of machine learning models and RG data presents a novel and promising approach to remote sensing‐based DCG mapping, with potential applications for other regions and broader environmental studies.
COVID‐19 and insurance industry: Initial impact of the pandemic based on time‐frequency methods
Authors: Fareed Zeeshan , Iqbal Najaf , Zhang Shaoyong , Madureira Livia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study uses a wavelet‐based framework to investigate the co‐movement nexus between COVID‐19 and insurance industry returns in emerging and developed markets. Analysis of the daily observations from 22 January 2020 to 14 September 2020 reveals that insurance returns responded strongly and negatively right after the onset of the global COVID‐19 outbreak but asymmetrically later. Additionally, the devastation brought to the insurance industry is comparatively more severe but short‐lived for emerging markets. The wavelet‐based Granger causality and correlation confirm the robustness of our results. Important implications for investors, industry managers, and policymakers are provided in light of the findings in the aftermath of COVID‐19.
Simulating cross‐modal medical images using multi‐task adversarial learning of a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Sharma Manoj , Jehadeesan R. , Venkatraman B. , Sheet Debdoot 
Published: June 2024

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely utilized modalities for primary clinical imaging, providing crucial anatomical and pathological information for diagnosis. CT measures X‐ray attenuation, while MRI captures hydrogen atom density in tissues. Despite their distinct imaging physics principles, the signals obtained from both modalities when imaging the same subject can be represented by modality‐specific parameters and common latent variables related to anatomy and pathology. This paper proposes an adversarial learning approach using deep convolutional neural networks to disentangle these factors. This disentanglement allows us to simulate one modality from the other. Experimental results demonstrate our ability to generate synthetic CT images from MRI inputs using the Gold‐atlas dataset, which consists of paired CT‐MRI volumes. Patch‐based learning techniques and a visual Turing test are employed to model discriminator losses. Our approach achieves a mean absolute error of 36.81  4.46 HU, peak signal to noise ratio of 26.12 0.31 dB, and structural similarity measure of 0.9  0.02. Notably, the synthetic CT images accurately represent bones, gaseous cavities, and soft tissue textures, which can be challenging to visualize in MRI. The proposed model operates at an inference compute cost of 430.68 GFlops/voxel. This method can minimize radiation exposure by reducing the need for pre‐operative CT scans, providing an MR‐only alternative in clinical settings.
High‐performance 110 kVp hard x‐ray detector based on all‐crystalline‐surface passivated perovskite single crystals
Authors: Ko Juyoung , Park Beomjun , Byun Jangwon , Pandey Sandeep , Jo Ajin , Lee Joo‐Hong , Lee Wonho , Lee Jin‐Wook , Park Nam‐Gyu , Lee Man‐Jong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHalide perovskite single crystals (SCs) have attracted much attention for their application in high‐performance x‐ray detectors owing to their desirable properties, including low defect density, high mobility–lifetime product (μτ), and long carrier diffusion length. However, suppressing the inherent defects in perovskites and overcoming the ion migration primarily caused by these defects remains a challenge. This study proposes a facile process for dipping Cs0.05FA0.9MA0.05PbI3 SCs synthesized by a solution‐based inverse temperature crystallization method into a 2‐phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) solution to reduce the number of defects, inhibit ion migration, and increase x‐ray sensitivity. Compared to conventional spin coating, this simple dipping process forms a two‐dimensional PEA2PbI4 layer on all SC surfaces without further treatment, effectively passivating all surfaces of the inherently defective SCs and minimizing ion migration. As a result, the PEAI‐treated perovskite SC‐based x‐ray detector achieves a record x‐ray sensitivity of 1.3 × 105 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 with a bias voltage of 30 V at realistic clinical dose rates of 1–5 mGy s−1 (peak potential of 110 kVp), which is 6 times more sensitive than an untreated SC‐based detector and 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than a commercial α‐Se‐based detector. Furthermore, the PEAI‐treated‐perovskite SC‐based x‐ray detector exhibits a low detection limit (73 nGy s−1), improved x‐ray response, and clear x‐ray images by a scanning method, highlighting the effectiveness of the PEAI dipping approach for fabricating next‐generation x‐ray detectors.image
A further investigation regarding the efficacy of and preference for positive and corrective feedback
Authors: Godinez Erik S. , Brand Denys , Miguel Caio F. , Penrod Becky 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough feedback is a widely used intervention for improving performance, it is unclear what characteristics individuals prefer and what is necessary for it to be effective. The purpose of this study was to systematically extend Simonian and Brand (2022) by addressing the limitations of the study and adding a best‐treatment phase. During an acquisition phase, participants received either positive, corrective, or no feedback upon task completion. Nine of 10 participants mastered the task that was associated with corrective feedback, and one participant mastered the task with no feedback. Eight participants completed a preference phase in which they were provided a choice of either positive or corrective feedback when learning to play a novel game. Half of the eight participants showed a preference for corrective feedback, and the remaining participants had mixed preferences. Overall, corrective feedback was more efficacious and more preferred than positive feedback.
Raman spectroscopy with an improved support vector machine for discrimination of thyroid and parathyroid tissues
Authors: Hu Jie , Xing Jinyu , Shao Pengfei , Ma Xiaopeng , Li Peikun , Liu Peng , Zhang Ru , Chen Wei , Lei Wang , Xu Ronald X. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to discriminate thyroid and parathyroid tissues using Raman spectroscopy combined with an improved support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. In thyroid surgery, there is a risk of inadvertently removing the parathyroid glands. At present, there is a lack of research on using Raman spectroscopy to discriminate parathyroid and thyroid tissues. In this article, samples were obtained from 43 individuals with thyroid and parathyroid tissues for Raman spectroscopy analysis. This study employed partial least squares (PLS) to reduce dimensions of data, and three optimization algorithms are used to improve the classification accuracy of SVM algorithm model in spectral analysis. The results show that PLS‐GA‐SVM algorithm has higher diagnostic accuracy and better reliability. The sensitivity of this algorithm is 94.67% and the accuracy is 94.44%. It can be concluded that Raman spectroscopy combined with the PLS‐GA‐SVM diagnostic algorithm has significant potential for discriminating thyroid and parathyroid tissues.
CD3+/CD4+ cells combined with myosteatosis predict the prognosis in patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Du Zhongze , Xiao Youming , Deng Guiming , Song Haibin , Xue Yingwei , Song Hongjiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the predictive capacity of lymphocyte subpopulations, sarcopenia and myosteatosis for clinical outcomes in patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery. Additionally, the prognostic significance of CD3+/CD4+ cells in conjunction with myosteatosis was explored.MethodsA cohort of 190 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery and received computed tomography scans between July 2016 and December 2017 at our institution was examined. Complete clinical information and peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations were available for all patients. A comprehensive array of statistical methodologies was employed to scrutinize variances in both clinical and pathological characteristics among patients, with the aim of identifying autonomous prognostic determinants requisite for the development of a nomogram. Subsequent assessment of the predictive efficacy of the nomogram was conducted via calibration curve analysis.ResultsThe study comprised a cohort of 190 participants, encompassing 126 males (66.32%) and 64 females (33.68%), with a mean age of 58.47 (±11.37) years. Patients were stratified into three groups based on CD3+/CD4+ cells and myosteatosis, with 24 in Group 1, 87 in Group 2 and 79 in Group 3. Notably, patients in the third group exhibited significantly shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.208, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.193, P < 0.001). The subset of peripheral blood lymphocytes exhibited elevated levels of CD3+/CD4+ cells (HR = 2.485, P < 0.001) and heightened CD4+/CD8+ ratios (HR = 1.705, P = 0.038), whereas diminished CD19+ cell counts (HR = 0.210, P = 0.032) correlated with improved OS in patients. The individuals presenting with sarcopenia (HR = 4.089, P = 0.023) and myosteatosis (HR = 2.857, P < 0.001) displayed reduced OS. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that pathological tumour–node–metastasis stage, CD19+ cells, sarcopenia and CD3+/CD4+ cell–myosteatosis were identified as independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS in patients. The constructed nomograms for PFS and OS yielded C‐index values of 0.839 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.798–0.880) and 0.836 (95% CI: 0.792–0.879), respectively. The calibration analysis demonstrated that the nomograms accurately predicted the 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates of PFS and OS in patients.ConclusionsLymphocyte subsets, including CD3+/CD4+ cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and CD19+ cells, are indicative of clinical prognosis in gastric cancer surgery patients. Body composition parameters, such as sarcopenia and myosteatosis, are also associated with the patient's prognosis. The combination of CD3+/CD4+ cells with myosteatosis demonstrates enhanced prognostic value, enabling the identification of patients at high risk of post‐operative metastasis and recurrence.
Missed opportunity: a clinical data linkage study of guideline‐directed medical therapy and clinical outcomes of patients discharged with acute coronary syndrome who attended cardiac rehabilitation programs
Authors: Gebremichael Lemlem G. , Beleigoli Alline , Foote Jonathon W. , Bulamu Norma B. , Ramos Joyce S. , Suebkinorn Orathai , Redfern Julie , Clark Robyn A. ,   the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Country Heart Attack Prevention Project Team
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough guidelines recommend guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), implementation is limited in clinical practice.AimTo assess the level of GDMT in ACS patients after discharge who attended cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs and association with clinical outcomes.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 13 rural and 10 metropolitan CR programs via all modes of delivery (face‐to‐face, telephone, or general practice‐hybrid) operating in South Australia, Australia. ACS patients were included if they were ≥18 years of age and were referred and attended CR programs with medication details recorded in their hospital discharge summary. GDMT was assessed according to the Australian clinical guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes 2016. Prescription of all the four recommended medication classes was considered optimal. Logistic regression and χ2 test were used for association. Ethical approval was granted by the South Australian Department for Health and Wellbeing Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference No. HREC/15/SAH/63) and the Northern Territory Department of Health Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference No. HREC 2015‐2484) which included a waiver of consent per the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research and the study conforms with the Good Clinical Practice Guidelines.ResultsOf the 1229 patients included, 74.6% were male and 41.1% had acute myocardial infarction. Only 39.7% of patients received optimal prescription. Prescription of any three or two medication class combinations occurred for 78.3% and 94.1% of patients, respectively. Optimal GDMT was associated with fewer hospital admissions (odds ratio = 0.647, 95% confidence interval 0.424–0.987, p = 0.043) with no significant gender association. Women were less likely to be prescribed angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (p = 0.003), angiotensin receptor blockers (p = 0.007), statins (p = 0.005), and any two (p < 0.001) and three combinations (p = 0.023) of medication classes.ConclusionGDMT prescription was suboptimal in patients with ACS before attendance at CR. Primary care and CR clinicians have missed an opportunity to implement best practice guideline recommendations, particularly for women.