bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Median nerve branches to the pronator teres: cadaveric study with potential use in neurotization procedures to the radial nerve at the elbow
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Beckman Joshua M. , Loukas Marios , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: April 2010

Object
Various donor nerves have been used for brachial plexus neurotization procedures. To the authors' knowledge, neurotization of median nerve branches to the pronator teres to the radial nerve at the elbow have not been explored.

Methods
In an attempt to identify an additional nerve donor candidate for neurotization procedures of the upper limb, 20 cadaveric upper limbs underwent dissection of the cubital fossa and identification of branches of the median nerve to the pronator teres. Measurements were made of such branches, and distal transection was then performed to determine the appropriate length so that the structure could be brought to the laterally positioned radial nerve via tunneling deep to the biceps brachii muscle.

Results
All specimens were found to have a median nerve branch to the pronator teres that was long enough to reach the radial nerve in the cubital fossa. Neural connections remained tension free with full pronation and supination. The mean length of these branches to the pronator teres was 3.6 cm. The overall mean diameter of these nerves was 1.5 mm. The mean proximal, midpoint, and distal diameters were 2.0, 1.8, and 1.5 mm, respectively. The mean distance between the origin of these branches to the pronator teres and the medial epicondyle of the humerus was 4.1 cm.

Conclusions
Based on the results of our cadaveric study, the use of the branch of the median nerve to the pronator teres muscle may be considered for neurotization of the radial nerve in the cubital fossa.
The relevance of Simpson Grade I and II resection in modern neurosurgical treatment of World Health Organization Grade I meningiomas
Authors: Sughrue Michael E. , Kane Ari J. , Shangari Gopal , Rutkowski Martin J. , McDermott Michael W. , Berger Mitchel S. , Parsa Andrew T. 
Published: April 2010

Object
In 1957, Simpson published a seminal paper defining the risk factors for recurrence following surgical treatment of intracranial meningiomas. Given that Simpson's study was published more than 50 years ago, preceding image guidance technology and MR imaging, the authors reviewed their own experience with surgical treatment of Grade I meningiomas to determine if Simpson's grading scale is still relevant to modern neurosurgical practice.

Methods
From this cohort, the authors evaluated all patients undergoing craniotomy for resection of a histologically proven WHO Grade I meningioma as their initial therapy. Clinical information was retrospectively reconstructed using patient medical records and radiological data. Recurrence analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
The 5-year recurrence/progression-free survival for all patients receiving a Simpson Grade I, II, III, or IV resection was 95, 85, 88, and 81%, respectively (p = not significant, log-rank test). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant difference in recurrence-free survival between patients receiving a Simpson Grade I, II, III, or IV resection. Analysis limited to meningiomas arising from the skull base (excluding the cavernous sinus) similarly found no significant benefit to Simpson Grade I or II resection, and the survival curves were nearly superimposed.

Conclusions
In this study of a cohort of patients undergoing surgery for WHO Grade I meningiomas, the authors demonstrate that the benefit of more aggressive attempts to resect the tumor with dura and underlying bone was negligible compared with simply removing the entire tumor, or even leaving small amounts of tumor attached to critical structures. The authors believe that these data reflect an evolution in the nature of meningioma surgery over the past 2 decades, and bring into question the relevance of using Simpson's grading system as the sole predictor of recurrence.
Peritoneal Total Protein Transport Assessed from Peritoneal Equilibration Tests Using Different Dialysate Glucose Concentrations
Authors: Gomes Ana Marta , Pérez–Fontán Miguel , Rodríguez–Carmona Ana , López–Muñiz Andrés , Fernández–Villar Marcos , Peteiro–Cartelle Javier , García–Falcón Teresa 
Published: April 2010

Background The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) permits assessment of peritoneal protein transport, but this potential marker of outcome in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients lacks adequate standardization. Objectives To assess various approaches for estimation of peritoneal protein transport in PD patients during 2.27% and 3.86% glucose-based PETs, and to uncover the demographic, clinical, and biochemical correlates of this phenomenon. Patients and Methods We studied 90 PD patients who underwent 2.27% and 3.86% PETs in random order, and we used multivariate analysis to compare assessments of peritoneal protein transport in both tests, searching for correlations between D240′ – D0′ protein concentration (PETΔPConc), total peritoneal protein excretion (PET-PPE), or total protein clearance (PET-PC) on the one hand (the main study variables), and PET-derived markers of peritoneal function and selected demographic, clinical, and biochemical variables on the other. Results The PETΔPConc was higher during the 2.27% PET (mean: 45.2 mg/dL vs 37.0 mg/dL for the 3.86% test; p = 0.003); the PET-PPE and PET-PC were comparable (1121.8 mg vs 1168.9 mg, p = 0.52, and 17.1 mL vs 17.8 mL, p = 0.66, respectively). All three variables sustained a significant, yet moderate correlation (all r2 values < 0.30) with the 24-hour PPE rate. Multivariate analysis identified dialysate-to-plasma ratio (D/P240′) of creatinine, end-to-initial dialysate ratio (D240′/D0′) of glucose, current daily peritoneal glucose load, ultrafiltration during PET, systolic blood pressure, and previous cardiovascular events (3.86% test only) as independent predictors of protein transport during PET. Conclusions Either PET-PPE or PET-PC seems preferable to PETΔPConc for characterization of peritoneal protein transport. Small-solute transport characteristics, ultrafiltration, and current peritoneal glucose load sustain independent correlations with peritoneal protein transport. The latter variable shows also a moderate association with markers of cardiovascular disease in PD patients.
Cross‐sectional comparison of extended anteroposterior and posteroanterior fixed flexion positioning to assess radiographic osteoarthritis at the knee: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Authors: Nelson Amanda E. , Renner Jordan B. , Shi Xiaoyan A. , Shreffler Jack H. , Schwartz Todd A. , Jordan Joanne M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare values for Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) scale grade, joint space narrowing (JSN), and osteophytes in anteroposterior (AP) extended and fixed flexion posteroanterior (PA) radiographs obtained during a single clinic visit (the first followup of the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project).MethodsAll films (n = 1,664 bilateral knees) were read by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist. For each subject, AP and PA fixed flexion films were read in one sitting. K/L scale grades (range 0–4) and JSN and osteophytes (ranges 0–3) were assessed using standard atlases. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographic and clinical variables. AP and PA fixed flexion results were compared by contingency table methods to obtain frequencies for K/L scale, JSN, and osteophyte grades using percent agreement and kappa coefficients. Results from the right and left knees were similar; data for the right knee are presented.ResultsThere was substantial agreement between AP and PA fixed flexion reads for radiographic osteoarthritis, defined as a K/L scale grade ≥2 (89% agreement; κ = 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.69–0.76). Substantial agreement was also seen for tibial osteophytes and medial JSN; slightly lower kappa values were observed for femoral osteophytes and lateral JSN.ConclusionThe requirements of large observational cohort studies are different than those of clinical trials, and sensitivity is less of an issue because of longer followup times. In cohort studies such as the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, there is substantial agreement by K/L scale grade for AP and PA fixed flexion radiographs, allowing incorporation of older films in longitudinal analyses.
Frequency and effectiveness of dose increase of adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab in daily clinical practice
Authors: Blom M. , Kievit W. , Kuper H. H. , Jansen T. L. , Visser H. , den Broeder A. A. , Brus H. L. M. , van de Laar M. A. F. J. , van Riel P. L. C. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the frequency and effectiveness of dose increase of adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in daily clinical practice.MethodsAll RA patients with a dose increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–blocking therapy between January 1997 and January 2008 were selected from a register including data from RA patients starting a first TNF‐blocking agent (the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring registry). The primary outcome was change in Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) at 3 months after dose increase. Secondary outcomes were the change in DAS28 at 6 months after dose increase, the European League Against Rheumatism response rates, and the percentages of patients reaching a DAS28 of ≤3.2 at 3 and at 6 months after dose increase. Furthermore, the effectiveness of dose increase was assessed for the different reasons for dose increase: nonresponse, loss of response, and partial response.ResultsDuring the study period, the dose was increased in 44 (12%) of the 368 adalimumab patients, 32 (8%) of the 420 etanercept patients, and 115 (36%) of the 323 infliximab patients. The change in DAS28 at 3 months and 6 months after dose increase was limited and only significant in etanercept patients at 3 months (−0.51; P = 0.035). Disease activity decreased significantly at 3 months from dose increase in the nonresponders and patients with loss of response (−0.66 and −0.99, respectively; both P = 0.001), but not in the partial responders.ConclusionAlthough dose increase was applied in all 3 TNF‐blocking agents in daily clinical practice, these results suggest that the effectiveness of dose increase is limited.
Role of the R92Q TNFRSF1A mutation in patients with familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Marek‐Yagel Dina , Berkun Yackov , Padeh Shai , Lidar Merav , Shinar Yael , Bar‐Joseph Ifat , Reznik‐Wolf Haike , Langevitz Pnina , Livneh Avi , Pras Elon 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo define the frequency of the R92Q tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) mutation in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and to study the role of this mutation in FMF.MethodsNinety‐two FMF patients and 250 controls were genotyped for the R92Q mutation. The frequency of R92Q was assessed among 5 groups of FMF patients.ResultsR92Q was found in 6% of the controls, with an especially high carrier rate among Moroccan Jews (8%). R92Q was found in 3 (3.2%) of the 92 FMF patients, 1 homozygous for the MEFV M694V mutation and 2 heterozygous for M694V. All 3 patients showed partial response to colchicine. R92Q was not found in patients unresponsive to colchicine, nor was it found in patients with amyloidosis or in patients with FMF‐like disease without MEFV mutations.ConclusionThe frequency of the R92Q mutation in FMF patients is comparable with that of controls. Despite the fact that TRAPS and FMF share common biochemical pathways, we found no evidence for an interaction between these two genes.
Life strain–related tiredness and illness‐related fatigue in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Mengshoel Anne Marit 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the nature of fatigue and how it is managed in daily life situations by individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsTwelve informants, 8 women and 4 men ages 30–59 years, who had lived with the diagnosis of AS for 6 months to 36 years, participated in qualitative interviews. They were asked to describe their daily life during good and bad days of AS, and to give examples of everyday situations where they experienced fatigue and what they did to recover. The text analysis consisted of identifying and coding meaningful statements, sorting the codes into categories, and condensing themes.ResultsTwo separate conditions of fatigue were identified. One consisted of comprehensible, manageable tiredness related to a life strain that was exacerbated by having AS. Life strain–related tiredness indicated to the respondents that they should rest or temporarily slow down, and this protected them from overexertion. The other condition was an unfamiliar and unmanageable fatigue that was related to their illness. Illness‐related fatigue was accompanied by unbearable pain, severe stiffness, and heaviness of the body that could not be alleviated by the individual. This condition was considered a sign of the onset or a flare up of inflammation.ConclusionFatigue in the individuals with AS varied over time, and took the form of 2 different conditions. Life strain–related tiredness had a positive aspect in that it protected against overstrain and guided life strain regulation. In contrast, illness‐related fatigue was nonpurposive for the individuals and seems to call for medical therapy.
A General Electrochemical Strategy for Synthesizing Charge‐Transfer Complex Micro/Nanowires
Authors: Ren Liang , Xian Xiaojun , Yan Kai , Fu Lei , Liu Yuwen , Chen Shengli , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUniversal strategies for synthesizing one‐dimensional organic nanomaterials are of fundamental importance in the development of more flexible, cheaper and lighter electronics. Charge‐transfer (CT) complexes, the major kind of organic conductors, are in the long‐term attractive materials owing to their unique crystal structures and conductive properties. In this article, a general strategy for the synthesis of CT complex micro/nanowires based on the localized nanoelectrochemistry using tiny carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes is presented. This strategy is successfully demonstrated over 12 typical CT complexes, and a general rule for the preparation of various kinds of CT complex micro/nanowires is summarized. The CT complex micro/nanowires thus synthesized have high aspect ratios and long lengths as compared with traditional macroscopic planar electrodes, originating from the one‐dimensional structural feature with fewer or no defects and the ultrasmall surface area of the CNT. This work provides a more versatile material basis for the fundamental and application studies of low‐dimensional organic conductor materials.
Liposome‐bound APO2L/TRAIL is an effective treatment in a rabbit model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Martinez‐Lostao Luis , Garcí´a‐Alvarez Felí´cito , Basáñez Gorka , Alegre‐Aguarón Elena , Desportes Paula , Larrad Luis , Naval Javier , Martí´nez‐Lorenzo Marí´a José , Anel Alberto 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveWe previously observed that T lymphocytes present in synovial fluid (SF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were sensitive to APO2L/TRAIL. In addition, there was a drastic decrease in the amount of bioactive APO2L/TRAIL associated with exosomes in SF from RA patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive APO2L/TRAIL conjugated with artificial lipid vesicles resembling natural exosomes as a treatment in a rabbit model of antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA).MethodsWe used a novel Ni2+‐(N‐5‐amino‐1‐carboxypentyl)‐iminodiacetic acid)–containing liposomal system. APO2L/TRAIL bound to liposomes was intraarticularly injected into the knees of animals with AIA. One week after treatment, rabbits were killed, and arthritic synovial tissue was analyzed.ResultsTethering APO2L/TRAIL to the liposome membrane increased its bioactivity and resulted in more effective treatment of AIA compared with soluble, unconjugated APO2L/TRAIL, with substantially reduced synovial hyperplasia and inflammation in rabbit knee joints. The results of biophysical studies suggested that the increased bioactivity of APO2L/TRAIL associated with liposomes was due to the increase in the local concentration of the recombinant protein, augmenting its receptor crosslinking potential, and not to conformational changes in the protein. In spite of this increase in bioactivity, the treatment lacked systemic toxicity and was not hepatotoxic.ConclusionOur findings indicate that binding APO2L/TRAIL to the liposome membrane increases its bioactivity and results in effective treatment of AIA.
Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is crucial for joint destruction in experimental arthritis and is activated in osteoclasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cejka Daniel , Hayer Silvia , Niederreiter Birgit , Sieghart Wolfgang , Fuereder Thorsten , Zwerina Jochen , Schett Georg 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveActivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is important for immune cell activation and bone metabolism. To date, the contribution of mTOR signaling to joint inflammation and structural bone and cartilage damage is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of inhibiting mTOR as a treatment of inflammatory arthritis.MethodsHuman tumor necrosis factor–transgenic mice in which inflammatory arthritis was developing were treated with 2 different mTOR inhibitors, sirolimus or everolimus. The effects of treatment on clinical disease activity, inflammation, and localized joint and cartilage destruction were studied. In addition, the effects of mTOR inhibition on osteoclast survival and expression of key molecules of osteoclast function were analyzed in vitro. Moreover, synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was assessed for activation of the mTOR pathway.ResultsInhibition of mTOR by sirolimus or everolimus reduced synovial osteoclast formation and protected against local bone erosions and cartilage loss. Clinical signs of arthritis improved after mTOR inhibition, and histologic evaluation showed a decrease in synovitis. In vitro, mTOR inhibition down‐regulated the expression of digestive enzymes and led to osteoclast apoptosis. Moreover, mTOR signaling was shown to be active in the synovial membrane of patients with RA, particularly in synovial osteoclasts.ConclusionSignaling through mTOR is an important link between synovitis and structural damage in inflammatory arthritis. Current pharmacologic inhibitors of mTOR could be effective in protecting joints against structural damage.
Heptahapticity in Binuclear (Cycloheptatrienyl)molybdenum Carbonyl Derivatives: The Interplay between Ring Hapticity/Planarity and Metal–Metal Multiple Bonding
Authors: Feng Xuejun , Xie Chanyuan , Xie Yaoming , King R. Bruce , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTheoretical studies on the binuclear (cycloheptatrienyl)molybdenum carbonyl complexes [(C7H7)2Mo2(CO)n] (n=6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0) indicate structures with fully bonded heptahapto η7‐C7H7 rings and four or fewer carbonyl groups to be energetically competitive. This is in striking contrast to the corresponding chromium derivatives. The lowest energy of such a structure for [(η7‐C7H7)2Mo2(CO)4] is a singlet unbridged structure with a formal MoMo single bond with a length of approximately 3.2 Å. A higher‐energy pentahapto structure [(η5‐C7H7)2Mo2(CO)4] is also predicted with a formal Mo≡Mo triple bond with a length of approximately 2.56 Å. Low‐energy structures are predicted for [(C7H7)2Mo2(CO)3] with two heptahapto η7‐C7H7 rings, either one or two bridging carbonyl groups, and formal MoMo double bonds with a length of approximately 2.8 Å. However, the global minimum for [(C7H7)2Mo2(CO)3] is a [(η7‐C7H7)(η5‐C7H7)Mo2(CO)3] structure with a formal Mo≡Mo triple bond with a length of approximately 2.53 Å. The lowest‐energy structures for [(C7H7)2Mo2(CO)2] and [(C7H7)2Mo2(CO)] have heptahapto η7‐C7H7 rings and predicted metal–metal bond lengths of approximately 2.54 and 2.31 Å, respectively, consistent with the formal triple and quadruple bonds, respectively, needed to give both metal atoms the favored 18‐electron configuration. The lowest‐energy structures for the carbonyl‐richer systems [(C7H7)2Mo2(CO)n] (n=6, 5) contain one trihapto η3‐C7H7 ring and one pentahapto η5‐C7H7 ring.
Ein einheitliches dreiaxiales Bruchkriterium für alle Betone
Authors: Speck Kerstin , Curbach Manfred 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie Auswertung zahlreicher mehraxialer Versuche hat ergeben, dass die auftretenden Versagensmechanismen unter mehraxialer Beanspruchung für alle Betonarten prinzipiell gleich sind. Dies gilt sowohl für Normal‐ bis ultrahochfesten Beton, für Leichtbeton als auch für Faserbeton. Das vorgestellte Bruchkriterium orientiert sich an diesen Versagensarten und wird über eine entsprechende Kalibrierung an das Verhalten des jeweiligen Betons angepasst. Im Zuge der Aktualisierung des CEB‐FIP Model Codes 90 wird es Einzug in die Bemessungsvorschriften finden.A Unified Multiaxial Fracture Criterion for all ConcretesThe evaluation of numerous multiaxial tests has shown that the occurring failure mechanisms under a multiaxial load are basically the same for all types of concrete. This is true for normal to ultra high performance concrete, lightweight concrete, as well as for fibre concrete. The presented fracture criterion is based on these failure types and is adjusted by a corresponding calibration to the behaviour of each concrete. In the course of the upgrade of the CEB‐FIP Model Code 90, it will find entry into the dimensioning specification.
Zum Durchstanzen von Flachdecken nach Eurocode 2
Authors: Hegger Josef , Walraven Joost C. , Häusler Frank 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie Regelungen zur Durchstanzbemessung im Eurocode 2 basieren im Wesentlichen auf den Modellvorstellungen in Model Code 90, der die Durchstanztragfähigkeit auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit zurückführt. Nach Versuchsauswertungen ist diese Analogie für punktgestützte Platten jedoch nicht in jedem Fall zutreffend. Insbesondere für bügelbewehrte Platten ist bei der Bemessung nach Eurocode 2 ein Sicherheitsdefizit möglich, und es erscheint eine Anpassung der Bemessungsgleichungen zwingend erforderlich. Dieser Beitrag erläutert die Sicherheitsdefizite und schlägt verbesserte Bemessungsgleichungen vor.Punching of Flat Slabs according to Eurocode 2The punching shear provisions according to Eurocode 2 are based on the design recommendations in Model Code 90 where no differentiation between shear and punching shear design is made. This approach is not fully confirmed by test results for flat slabs. In particular for flat slabs with stirrups as shear reinforcement some design provisions according to Eurocode 2 do not achieve the required safety level. Therefore adjustments to the design equations seem to be necessary. In this paper the Eurocode 2 provisions are critically reviewed and improved design regulations are proposed.