bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPLICATIONS IN MEASLES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Tidstrøm Birthe 
Published: August 2010

Abstract In the 15‐year period 1948–1962 4874 patients were hospitalised in the City and County of Copenhagen with measles. All the case reports have been studied concerning complications and mortality rate, special attention being paid to the incidence and the prognosis of encephalitis. The patients surviving from encephalitis have been followed‐up.The most severe complications were, as expected, pneumonia and encephalitis. Pneumonia was found in 1268 patients; 12 of these patients died. Encephalitis was found in 68 cases, among which six deaths. Before the new therapeutic principles dating from the great polio epidemic in 1952, five of 21 patients died from encephalitis, but after that time only one of 47 patients died. Of the survivors from encephalitis 59 (95%) were followed‐up 3–16 years after the disease: three suffered from grave defects, 16 had mild defects and 40 had recovered completely.The frequency of encephalitis was 0.43%‰ of the notified cases of measles in the period of investigation. Among the admitted patients 22 died (4.5%‰). The mortality rate in the notified cases was only 0.14%‰.Encephalitis is a rare complication in measles and, concerning mortality rate and sequelae, is not so severe as considered previously.
BLOOD VOLUME AND EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Hansen Jacob 
Published: August 2010

Abstract 1. No significant difference in total blood volume was demonstrated between patients with untreated essential hypertension and normotensive controls. In hypertensive women the mean blood volume was 2317 ml/m2 or 63.0 ml/kg as against 2259 ml/m2 or 59.2 ml/kg in controls. The corresponding figures for hypertensive men were 2768 ml/m2 or 67.1 ml/kg and 2591 ml/m2 or 66.0 ml/kg for controls.2. Exchangeable sodium was significantly increased in men with essential hypertension, 1736 mEq/m2 or 42.4 mEq/kg, while 1639 mEq/m2 or 39.2 mEq/kg was found in normotensive controls. Increased exchangeable sodium was also demonstrated in hypertensive women, 1502 mEq/m2 or 41.2 mEq/kg in comparison with normotensive controls, whose values were 1445 mEq/m2 or 39.9 mEq/kg. However, because of a difference in height and weight between the hypertensive and the normotensive women, the rsults must be taken with reservation.
POTENTIOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF GASTRIC JUICE BUFFER SUBSTANCES AND GLYCOPYRROLATE EFFECT
Authors: Kristensen Marie 
Published: August 2010

Abstract By correcting potentiometric titration curves representing gastric juice for titrated free hydrogen ions and for water contained in the gastric juice, titration curves representing the buffer substances of the gastric juices were obtained. These titration curves were an applicable expression of the buffer substance concentration in the gastric juices and at the same time disclosed 3 pH areas having a particularly great buffer capacity.It was demonstrated that the administration of glycopyrrolate to two patients with peptic ulcer entailed a distinct increase in the concentration of buffer substances in the gastric juice without this seemingly causing any qualitative change in the buffer substances.
THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN SERUM FOLLOWING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Kirkeby Knut , Hjermann Ingvar , Bjerkedal Inger 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Studies of cholesterol ester, triglyceride, and phospholipid fatty acids have been made on the first and on the fifth day following an acute attack of myocardial infarction in ten men. Statistically significant decreases in total fatty acids of these fractions were observed. Gaschromatographic analysis of the fatty acid composition showed a decrease in linoleic acid percentages in all the three fractions, balanced by an increase in some saturated and mono‐unsaturated fatty acids.It is concluded that dietary factors, with a low fat diet due to nausea and anorexia, may play a role in the variations in serum lipid concentrations in this period of the myocardial infarction. However, hormonal factors affecting lipid metabolism may also be of importance. Studies are in progress to elucidate further the relative importance of the dietary factors.One additional conclusion which may be drawn from the variations in fatty acid composition observed is that studies of fatty acid pattern in acute myocardial infarction are not a reliable guide to the preinfarction dietary habits of the patients.
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE α ISOMER OF DIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE AND ON THE DEHYDROGENASES ACTIVATED BY IT, IN LEUCOCYTES AND NEOPLASTIC TISSUES
Authors: Kerppola William 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The α isomer of pyridine nucleotides has hitherto been regarded as an inactive form not encountered in tissues.The α and β isomers of pyridine nucleotides were determined, in connection with their synthesis in some neoplastic tissues and in the white blood cells of “normal” persons and selected patients, as the CN complex, and by paper chromatography. The α isomer could be detected by the former method in about half the samples studied. With chromatography, α diphosphopyridine nucleotide was likewise demonstrated in about half the tests, and the presence of α triphosphopyridine nucleotide was established in approximately a fifth. The activating influence of the α and β isomers of diphosphopyridine nucleotide on a total of 7 dehydrogenases was also studied. In all the groups examined the α isomer activated lactic and malic dehydrogenases and cytochrome c reductase, often very strongly. The effect of the α isomer occasionally exceeded that of the β isomer. The α isomer was generally capable of inhibiting the dehydrogenase‐activating ability of the β isomer, sometimes very markedly. Although the phenomenon established is common, it is probably a metabolic error.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WORK LOAD AND INJECTED VOLUME IN XENON133MEASUREMENT OF MUSCULAR BLOOD FLOW
Authors: Christensen Niels Juel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMeasuring peak flow in the anterior tibial muscle with radioactive xenon in normal and diabetic persons, it was shown that the same results were obtained during ischaemia both after one minute of work and after maximal work.There was no difference when the peak flow was measured after the injection of 0.05 and 0.2 ml of the solution of radioactive xenon.The coefficient of variation in repeated experiments was 18% for the peak flow and 30% for the latency time.In a group of non‐diabetics (age range between 20 and 49 years) the resting flow was 1.6 ml per 100 g per min ± 0.8. The peak flow after maximal work during ischaemia was 71 ml per 100 g per min ± 18. The mean latency time was 0.47 min ± 0.18.
THE EFFECT OF DEXTRAN ON PLASMA LIPIDS
Authors: Blohmé Göran , Kerstell Jüri , Svanborg Alvar 
Published: August 2010

Abstract In four patients with essential hypercholesterolemia and five patients with essential hypertriglyceridemia (hyperlipemia), plasma cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides were analysed before, during and after the treatment with intravenously or orally administered dextran.These plasma lipid levels were lowered after dextran administered intravenously but were not influenced by orally administered dextran of higher average molecular weight, which caused a profound effect in vitro.A lowering effect was observed already during the dextran infusion and persisted for 3–7 weeks. A rebound phenomenon was observed 3–7 weeks after the treatment.The observations suggest that dextran influences the plasma lipid level mainly by altering the physical state of lipoproteins.
TREATMENT OF HEART BLOCK FROM A CLINICAL VIEWPOINT
Authors: Storstein Ole 
Published: August 2010

Abstract In a material of 85 patients with total heart block treated with artificial pacemakers a review of the etiology shows that most of the patients suffered from a diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Only in three patients was coronary artery disease present. In this material there are also many patients with aortic valvular disease and four with previous toxic diphtheria. Most of the patients had atrioventricular block. Eight patients had sino‐atrial block.Adams‐Stokes attacks were the predominant indication for cardiac pacing. Only a few patients had pacemaker implantation on account of congestive heart failure or vertigo.Various modes of cardiac pacing have been used. At the present time intracardial pacemaking is the method of choice, and an increasing number of on‐demand pacemakers are now applied. This is of paramount importance in patients with competition between sinus rhythm and pacemaker rhythm. Four such patients were seen in this material. Three died suddenly of cardiac standstill in the immediate postoperative period. One was successfully defibrillated.
HEREDITARY HEPATIC PORPHYRIAS
Authors: With Torben K. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract On the basis of systematic family investigations of Danish porphyria patients through ten years, with recording in a card index, the gene penetration has been studied in different families. The suggestion of Waldenström that gene penetration might vary was confirmed, as some families had many manifest cases and a high number of latent cases excreting high concentrations of metabolites, while others had only one manifest case and few latent excretors with low metabolite concentration. Further, an intermediate status of different degrees exists as illustrated by Figs. 1–6. It is concluded that the large families with acute porphyria in Northern Sweden and with variegate porphyria in South Africa constitute extremes, the most frequent finding in other countries being families with considerably less pronounced gene penetration. Observations further suggest that the sensitivity to drugs—barbiturates etc.—as provocators of porphyric attacks varies with the gene penetration prevailing in the family; thus the risk of drug‐provoked attacks seems to be much higher in Sweden and South Africa than in Denmark. It is therefore an important point in the prophylaxis of the porphyric attack to study the family of every patient to get an impression of the gene penetration and drug sensitivity prevailing in that particular porphyric family. It is recommended that a “complete porphyrinological investigation” be performed in all porphyric patients as well as their close relatives—parents, siblings, children—i.e., screening tests for porphyrin in urine and faeces, supplemented by quantitative analyses if positive, and—last but not least—ion exchange chomatographic analysis for both porphobilinogen (PBG) and delta‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA).This should be done not only in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and variegate porphyria (VP), but also in hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) and hereditary porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT‐H). Examples from the Danish material are given. The findings indicate that the subdivisions between different forms of hereditary hepatic porphyrias are more or less artificial, as really every family constitutes its own form of porphyria. Even a rare form such as HCP varies profoundly from one family to another. The diagnostic values of systematic family investigations is exemplified and stressed.
GLYCOGEN CONTENT OF SKELETAL MUSCLE IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Bergström Jonas , Hultman Eric 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The glycogen content has been determined in needle biopsy specimens from the quadriceps femoris muscle in 21 patients with advanced, chronic renal failure, and in 12 patients with acute oliguric renal failure.The muscle glycogen content was inappreciably decreased in only two patients with chronic renal failure; in all the others it was within the normal range. The mean value in patients with chronic renal failure did not differ significantly from that in normal experimental subjects, or in hospitalized non‐diabetic patients without renal disease.All but two patients with acute oliguric renal failure had low muscle glycogen. The decrease was particularly marked in those patients whose renal failure had developed as a complication of major surgery. Both patients with normal muscle glycogen values had undergone dialysis.
CATECHOLAMINES AND METABOLISM OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE
Authors: Östman Jan , Efendić Suad , Arner Peter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLipolysis in human omental tissue incubated in glucose‐containing medium was determined by measuring glycerol release in the presence of different concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Almost identical responses were obtained with the two catecholamines: significant increases in the glycerol release were obtained when they were added at concentrations as small as 0.03 × 10−5M, and maximal lipolysis was produced at 0.3–3 × 10−5M. Noradrenaline as well as 10−2Mof theophylline‐induced increases in the glycerol release were well correlated with the basal glycerol release.Maximal glycerol release obtained with theophylline (10−2M) was almost constantly six to eight times the basal glycerol release, whereas the lipolytic effect of noradrenaline was more variable and in no experiments exceeded significantly the theophylline effect. The results indicate that the formation of cyclic adenosine‐3′,5′‐monophosphate (3′,5′‐AMP) or some process between the adrenergic receptor and the adenyl cyclase system is rate‐limiting for the lipolytic response to noradrenaline. The data also suggest that variations in the lipolytic response to noradrenaline of adipose tissue removed from different subjects are principally caused by variations in the effect of noradrenaline on the formation of 3′,5′‐AMP.The present material of 32 patients does not allow critical analysis of the possible influence of sex, age and bodyweight of the donors on the tissue response to noradrenaline. However, the data indicate that adipose tissue obtained from old subjects has less lipolytic response than such tissue from young subjects.
THE POSTURAL PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY RESPONSE IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM
Authors: Nielsen Ingolf , Møller Inge 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Supine and standing values of plasma renin activity (PRA) and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) were measured in 20 essential hypertensive patients, including five malignant cases, and in five patients with signs of primary hyperaldosteronism.The groups were compared mutually and to 22 normal controls of corresponding age and sex.Mean supine plasma renin activity (PRA) in essential benign hypertensives was significantly higher than normal. Mean supine PRA in malignant essential hypertensives was significantly higher than in benign essential hypertensives. Mean supine PRA in primary hyperaldosteronism was significantly lower than in benign essential hypertensives. In hypertensives with grade I‐III a significant linear correlation between Δplasma colloid osmatic pressure and ΔPRA appeared. The slope of the line was significantly less than the line for normal controls, signifying a lesser postural response of PRA in this group. In this respect there was no distinction between essential hypertensives and patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. The decreased postural PRA response is considered to be a sequel to the hypertensive state.
SIGNS OF URINARY‐TRACT INFECTION IN A HEALTH SURVEY OF FEMALE HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES
Authors: Larsson Sten Olle , Thysell Hans 
Published: August 2010

Abstract A health survey has been made of urinary‐tract infection in 1346 female hospital employees. Pyuria in sediment of freshly voided urine was noted in 20% and found to be an unspecific symptom of urinary‐tract infection. Significant bacteriuria was recorded in 2.5% and pyelonephritis as defined was diagnosed in 1.6%.Pyuria and bacteriuria were more common in divorced and widowed women than in the others. Women who had borne children had a higher frequency of pyuria than nulliparae. Pyelonephritis was diagnosed more frequently in women over 39 years old. A difference in the frequency of pyuria was noted between occupational groups and also between the personnel of a large somatic hospital and the personnel of a large mental hospital.
DIAMETER OF THE RENAL ARTERY AND KIDNEY FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PARENCHYMATOUS RENAL DISEASE, RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS AND RENAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Ofstad Jarle , Gjersvik Thorolf , Kolsaker Leif 
Published: August 2010

Abstract In 79 patients (50 with parenchymatous renal disease, 19 with unilateral stenosis of the main stem of the renal artery, and ten with renal carcinoma) the diameters of the renal arteries (Dra) were measured by renal arteriography, and the effective renal blood flow (ERBF), the inulin clearance (Cin), and the para‐amino‐hippuric acid clearance (CPAH) were measured by the split function technique.In the patients with single renal arteries and parenchymatous renal disease positive, curvilinear covariations between ERBF, Cin, CPAH and Dra as well as D2ra were found. When the difference in function between the kidneys in the same individual (per cent of mean value) was correlated with the corresponding difference in Dra, significant, positive, linear covariations between ERBF, Cin, CPAH and Dra as well as D2ra, were found in patients with single renal arteries and parenchymatous renal disease. There was no correlation between the functional parameters and Dra in the kidneys with renal artery stenosis or renal carcinoma.It seems that Dra is so closely related to the blood flow through the renal artery, when the variation of Dra is secondary to modifications in the parenchyma, that it can be used as approximate estimate of renal function.
MURAMIDASE ACTIVITY OF BONE MARROW PLASMA
Authors: Hansen Niels Ebbe , Karle Hans , Andersen Vagn 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Among the cells of blood and bone marrow muramidase is found solely in neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes. With certain provisos, which are discussed, the extracellular muramidase activity seems to be valuable as an indicator of destruction especially of neutrophils.Muramidase activity was measured in bone marrow plasma and peripheral plasma from fifteen patients with no haematological disorders. In all cases the activity of the bone marrow plasma exceeded the activity of plasma from peripheral blood, a finding suggestive of intramedullary destruction of myeloid cells under normal conditions. The excess activity in bone marrow plasma was, however, not great, probably reflecting that this intramedullary death of cells was taking place to a small extent only.The same measurements were carried out in nine patients with granulocytopenia associated with various medical disorders. The results obtained indicate that muramidase determinations in blood and bone marrow plasma may be a useful tool in the classification of granulocytopenias in terms of decreased production, ineffective production, and increased peripheral destruction.
BETA‐RECEPTOR BLOCKADE IN MAINTENANCE OF SINUS RHYTHM OBTAINED BY ELECTROCONVERSION
Authors: Hillestad Leif , Andersen Anders 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The effectiveness of beta‐receptor blockade as maintenance treatment of sinus rhythm obtained by electroconversion has been evaluated. Out of 98 consecutive patients with chronic atrial fibrillation 74 were converted and controlled at regular intervals. After three months only 27 of the 74 patients remained in sinus rhythm. This gives a maintenance rate of 36%.It is concluded that maintenance treatment with beta‐receptor blockade is ineffective. This conclusion is discussed in the light of pharmacological effects of quinidine and beta‐receptor antagonists and of recent evidence on vagal stimuli as important for occurrence as well as persistence of atrial fibrillation.The new beta‐receptor blocking agent H 56/28 (Aptin® from AB Hässle, Göteborg, Sweden) was employed in the study. Heart failure was provoked in a case of myocarditis. Bradycardia made it necessary to discontinue treatment with the agent in three additional patients. Aside from this no unwanted effects of H 56/28 were observed.
VI. THE INFLUENCE OF INCREASED AND DECREASED PLASMA FREE FATTY ACIDS ON THE FORMATION AND COMPOSITION OF THE FAT EMBOLI IN THE DOG
Authors: HALLGREN B. , KERSTELL J. , RUDENSTAM C‐M. , SVANBORG A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Previous observations in these series of studies in dogs with femoral fractures showed that pulmonary fat emboli have a triglyceride fatty acid composition similar to bone marrow fat.The present study is concerned with the question as to whether the emboli are mechanically liberated from traumatized fat‐rich tissues or the result of increased mobilisation rate of free fatty acids, incorporated into triglycerides outside the adipose tissue.Variations in the fatty acid level caused by the administration of norepinephrine or nicotinic acid did not influence the number of pulmonary fat emboli, the amount of emboli triglycerides or their fatty acid composition. No significant correlations were observed between the plasma FFA level and the number or amount of pulmonary fat emboli.14C‐labelled fatty acids bound to albumin were infused during the experiments in 3 dogs simultaneously infused with norepinephrine. These fatty acids were not incorporated in the fat emboli.These observations indicate that fat embolisation after fractures in dogs is due to a mechanical liberation of bone marrow fat and not to the rise in the rate of fatty acid mobilisation from the adipose tissue induced by the trauma.
METABOLISM AND DISTRIBUTION OF IgG IN PATIENTS CONFINED TO PROLONGED AND STRICT BED‐REST
Authors: Ahlinder Siv , Birke Gunnar , Norberg Renée , Plantin Lars‐Olof , Reizenstein Peter 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The metabolism of IgG has been studied in nine patients, who were on long‐term treatment in bed for cerebral damage and who were practically unable to move. The amount of circulating IgG was slightly increased, but IgG catabolism calculated by three methods—the U/P method, whole‐body counting, and Matthews' method—was significantly increased.The extravascular distribution of IgG was increased and the extravascular/intravascular quotient was 2.0 and differed highly significantly from the quotient of 0.9 in healthy controls.The cause of the increased metabolism of IgG and the altered distribution are discussed with special reference to the influence of posture on the results.
ONE YEAR'S EXPERIENCE OF MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
Authors: Skjæggestad Öyvind , Grendahl Helge , Hjermann Ingvar , Sivertssen Egil 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. At Ullevaal Hospital the three medical departments have separate intensive care units which have been similarly designed and are similarly run. The units include 30–36 beds serving a total of about 300 medical beds. Equipment is available for simultaneous monitoring of 18 patients by a combination of bedside oscilloscopes and alarm systems and a central observation station.In the first year a total of 1801 patients were treated in the units: 613 patients had acute myocardial infarction, 589 other heart diseases, 178 intoxication, 109 gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 114 acute or chronic respiratory failure, and the rest were observed for different reasons.Of 613 patients with acute myocardial infarction 150 died (24%). Circulatory arrest occurred in 118 patients (21 survived), cardiogenic shock in 25 (6 survived) and pulmonary edema without cardiogenic shock in 42 (27 survived). Arrhythmias of clinical importance were recorded in 339 (55%) of the patients with acute myocardial infarction. A‐V block of second and third degree occurred in 60 patients (10%), 45 of whom were treated with pacemaker.The first year's experience has proved the usefulness and value of these combined medical intensive care units. The most important advantages have been: 1) an effective and continuous round‐the‐clock observation; 2) a medical staff available at any time and well trained in the use of the specialized equipment needed for immediate treatment; and 3) a considerably improved opportunity to gain experience in the treatment of acutely ill medical patients.