bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Heritage Fallacy: Race, Loyalty, and the First Grambling-Southern Football Game
Authors: Aiello Thomas 
Published: October 2010

The lost cause of the Civil War has never really gotten out of our souls. Football, with all of its battle-related language, has long been an expression of our Southern militarism.—David Sansing, white Southerner, former director of the Center for the Study of Southern Culture, University of MississippiIn the East, college football is a cultural exercise … On the West Coast, it is a tourist attraction …In the Midwest, it is cannibalism … But in the South it is religion … And Saturday is the holy day.—Marino Casem, black Southerner, former director of the Department of Athletics, Southern University and A&M College
Kinetics of Hypericin Association With Low‐Density Lipoproteins
Authors: Buriankova Luboslava , Buzova Diana , Chorvat Dusan , Sureau Franck , Brault Daniel , Miskovský Pavol , Jancura Daniel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSteady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy have been used for the study of the incorporation kinetics of hypericin (Hyp) into low‐density lipoproteins (LDL). Biphasic kinetics of Hyp association with LDL was observed when solutions of Hyp and LDL were mixed at various concentration ratios. The rapid phase of Hyp incorporation is completed within seconds, while the slow phase lasts several minutes. The relative contributions of the individual phases show that a higher amount of Hyp molecules (65%) are incorporated into LDL in the second phase. The kinetics of the incorporation of Hyp into LDL particles preloaded with Hyp (Hyp/LDL = 25:1) was also investigated. The decreased intensity of Hyp fluorescence is a sign of the formation of Hyp aggregates after penetration of additional Hyp molecules into Hyp/LDL = 25:1 complex. The time dependence of Hyp fluorescence was measured after mixing the complex Hyp/LDL = 200:1 with appropriate amounts of free LDL molecules. For each final Hyp/LDL ratio, an increase in the intensity and lifetime of Hyp fluorescence was observed, suggesting a monomerization of Hyp aggregates. The half‐time of Hyp transfer from Hyp/LDL complex to LDL particles is similar to the half‐time of the slow phase of Hyp incorporation into free LDL particles.
Functional analysis of the role of CggR (central glycolytic gene regulator) in Lactobacillus plantarum by transcriptome analysis
Authors: Rud Ida , Naterstad Kristine , Bongers Roger S. , Molenaar Douwe , Kleerebezem Michiel , Axelsson Lars 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe level of the central glycolytic gene regulator (CggR) was engineered in Lactobacillus plantarum NC8 and WCFS1 by overexpression and in‐frame mutation of the cggR gene in order to evaluate its regulatory role on the glycolytic gap operon and the glycolytic flux. The repressor role of CggR on the gap operon was indicated through identification of a putative CggR operator and transcriptome analysis, which coincided with decreased growth rate and glycolytic flux when cggR was overexpressed in NC8 and WCFS1. The mutation of cggR did not affect regulation of the gap operon, indicating a more prominent regulatory role of CggR on the gap operon under other conditions than tested (e.g. fermentation of other sugars than glucose or ribose) and when the level of the putative effector molecule FBP is reduced. Interestingly, the mutation of cggR had several effects in NC8, i.e. increased growth rate and glycolytic flux and regulation of genes with functions associated with glycerol and pyruvate metabolism; however, no effects were observed in WCFS1. The affected genes in NC8 are presumably regulated by CcpA, since putative CRE sites were identified in their upstream regions. The interconnection with CggR and CcpA‐mediated control on growth and metabolism needs to be further elucidated.
A primer set to determine sex in the small Indian mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus
Authors: MURATA C. , OGURA G. , KUROIWA A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo enable the accurate sexing of individuals of introduced populations of the small Indian mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus, we designed a primer set for the amplification of the sex‐specific fragments EIF2S3Y and EIF2S3X. Using this primer set, the expected amplification products were obtained for all samples of genomic DNA tested: males yielded two bands and females a single band. Sequencing of each PCR product confirmed that the 769‐bp fragment amplified from DNA samples of both sexes was derived from EIF2S3X, whereas the 546‐bp fragment amplified only from male DNA samples was derived from EIF2S3Y. The results indicated that this primer set is useful for sex identification in this species.
Immune reactions in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions: lessons for immunotherapy
Authors: Speeckaert R. , van Geel N. , Vermaelen K. V. , Lambert J. , Van Gele M. , Speeckaert M. M. , Brochez L. 
Published: October 2010

SummarySpontaneous regression of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions can be a visible sign of immunosurveillance. In this review, we discuss different immune reactions against melanocytic lesions: halo nevus, Meyerson’s nevus, regression in melanoma and melanoma‐associated depigmentation. These entities present with particular clinical aspects, histology and evolution. In all entities, a melanocyte‐specific T‐cell reaction has been assumed but a different degree of melanocyte destruction is present. A focus on the immune responses in melanocytic lesions reveals several aspects of an adequate skin immunity and may help to identify the key points in the immune destruction of melanocytes. These insights can add to the knowledge of how to optimize immunotherapeutic strategies in melanoma.
Methodological issues in cost‐effectiveness studies: a brief overview
Authors: Sun Xin , Wang Li , Li Youping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article discussed two methodological issues around cost‐effectiveness studies, including validity and transferability of results. In an economic analysis study, methods to costing, health utility measurement, and economic modeling represent three important sources that may threaten the validity. Variations in health systems and clinical practice, and differential resource use and unit prices across regions and countries may have potentially large influence on transferability. The limitations of piggybacked design may also have implications for transferability. Caution is warranted in the design, conduct, and interpretation of cost‐effectiveness studies regarding their validity and transferability.
The Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: year one data analysis of the only African member of the World Health Organization Network of Primary Registries
Authors: Abrams Amber , Siegfried Nandi 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Background Prospective registration in a clinical trial registry is mandatory for all clinical trial research intended for publication in any International Committee of Medical Journal Editors member journal. With the launch of the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR) in September 2009, the first African member of the World Health Organization (WHO) Network of Primary Registers came into being as the only registry dedicated specifically to trials on the African continent. Objective To examine the usefulness of PACTR as a resource for information on clinical trial activity in Africa, and to provide data on the African clinical trial landscape after the first year of a dedicated registry. Methods Data was extracted from PACTR on 18 August 2010 on diseases investigated, intervention types, trial locations, principal investigator locations, and registration dates. Results Clinical trial registration is steadily increasing throughout the region, and there is evidence that the dedicated assistance of staff can facilitate further trial registration. An analysis of the country of origin of principal investigators shows that clinical trial work is increasingly being generated within the continent. Conclusions Although the registry is in a nascent stage, its value as a resource can already be seen; by extracting data from the registry we can identify what trial work is being conducted in the region, where, and by whom, shedding light on the present trial landscape on the continent. PACTR is committed to increasing trial registration and awareness of the importance of registration, while also helping to harmonize national registry efforts across the African continent.
Characterization of a novel family of fibronectin‐binding proteins with M23 peptidase domains from Treponema denticola
Authors: Bamford C.V. , Francescutti T. , Cameron C.E. , Jenkinson H.F. , Dymock D. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryInteractions with fibronectin are important in the virulence strategies of a range of disease‐related bacteria. The periodontitis‐associated oral spirochaete Treponema denticola expresses at least two fibronectin‐binding proteins, designated Msp (major surface protein) and OppA (oligopeptide‐binding protein homologue). To identify other T. denticola outer membrane fibronectin‐binding proteins, the amino acid sequence of the Treponema pallidum fibronectin‐binding protein Tp0155 was used to survey the T. denticola genome. Seven T. denticola genes encoding orthologous proteins were identified. All but two were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified recombinant proteins bound fibronectin. Using antibodies to the N‐terminal region of Tp0155, it was demonstrated that T. denticolaTDE2318, with highest homology to Tp0155, was cell surface localized. Like Tp0155, the seven T. denticola proteins contained an M23 peptidase domain and four (TDE2318, TDE2753, TDE1738, TDE1297) contained one or two LysM domains. M23 peptidases can degrade peptidoglycan whereas LysM domains recognize carbohydrate polymers. In addition, TDE1738 may act as a bacteriocin based on homology with other bacterial lysins and the presence of an adjacent gene encoding a putative immunity factor. Collectively, these results suggest that T. denticola expresses fibronectin‐binding proteins associated with the cell surface that may also have cell wall modifying or lytic functions.
Ethical and legal acceptability of the use of neuromuscular blockers (NMBs) in connection with abstention decisions in Dutch NICUs: interviews with neonatologists
Authors: Moratti Sofia 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundIn the Netherlands, using drugs to deliberately end the life of a severely defective newborn baby who is in extreme suffering can be permissible under very precise circumstances. This does not mean that all Dutch neonatologists are willing to engage in such behaviour. This paper discusses the use of neuromuscular blockers (NMBs) in connection with abstention decisions in neonatology and the boundaries between ‘deliberate ending of life’ and other end-of-life decisions. These boundaries are of paramount importance because, of all end-of-life decisions, only ‘deliberate ending of life’ must be reported by the responsible doctor and exposes him to the risk of being prosecuted.Methods14 Dutch neonatologists were presented with a hypothetical case of a severely asphyxiated baby who faces a long dying process after withdrawal of ‘medically futile’ (zinloos) life-sustaining ventilation. Doctors were asked whether it is acceptable to administer NMBs in this situation and whether such behaviour should be reported.Results and conclusionsDoctors' responses were heterogeneous, showing that the acceptability of using NMBs in certain situations and the boundaries between end-of-life decisions are currently a subject of discussion among Dutch neonatologists. Many respondents reported feeling threatened by the potential involvement of the criminal law authorities in the system of control over ‘deliberate ending of life’.
A randomised controlled trial of proactive telephone counselling on cold-called smokers' cessation rates
Authors: Tzelepis Flora , Paul Christine L , Wiggers John , Walsh Raoul A , Knight Jenny , Duncan Sarah L , Lecathelinais Christophe , Girgis Afaf , Daly Justine 
Published: October 2010

ObjectivesActive telephone recruitment (‘cold calling’) can enrol almost 45 times more smokers to cessation services than media. However, the effectiveness of proactive telephone counselling with cold-called smokers from the broader community is unknown. This study examined whether proactive telephone counselling improved abstinence, quit attempts and reduced cigarette consumption among cold-called smokers.MethodsFrom 48 014 randomly selected electronic telephone directory numbers, 3008 eligible smokers were identified and 1562 (51.9%) smokers recruited into the randomised controlled trial. Of these, 769 smokers were randomly allocated to proactive telephone counselling and 793 to the control (ie, mailed self-help) conditions. Six counselling calls were offered to intervention smokers willing to quit within a month and four to those not ready to quit. The 4-month, 7-month and 13-month follow-up interviews were completed by 1369 (87.6%), 1278 (81.8%) and 1245 (79.9%) participants, respectively.ResultsProactive telephone counselling participants were significantly more likely than controls to achieve 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 4 months (13.8% vs 9.6%, p=0.005) and 7 months (14.3% vs 11.0%, p=0.02) but not at 13 months. There was a significant impact of telephone counselling on prolonged abstinence at 4 months (3.4% vs 1.8%, p=0.02) and at 7 months (2.2% vs 0.9%, p=0.02). At 4 months post recruitment, telephone counselling participants were significantly more likely than controls to have made a quit attempt (48.6% vs 42.9%, p=0.01) and reduced cigarette consumption (16.9% vs 9.0%, p=0.0002).ConclusionsProactive telephone counselling initially increased abstinence and quitting behaviours among cold-called smokers. Given its superior reach, quitlines should consider active telephone recruitment, provided relapse can be reduced.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry; ACTRN012606000221550.
Use of a tetanus toxoid marker to allow differentiation of infected from vaccinated poultry without affecting the efficacy of a H5N1 avian influenza virus vaccine
Authors: James‐Berry C. M. , Middleton D. , Mansfield J. P. , Fenwick S. G. , Ellis T. M. 
Published: October 2010

Tetanus toxoid (TT) was assessed as a positive marker for avian influenza (AI) virus vaccination in chickens, in a vaccination and challenge study. Chickens were vaccinated twice with inactivated AI H5N2 virus vaccine, and then challenged three weeks later with highly pathogenic AI H5N1 virus. Vaccinated chickens were compared with other groups that were either sham‐vaccinated or vaccinated with virus with the TT marker. All sham‐vaccinated chickens died by 36 hours postinfection, whereas all vaccinated chickens, with or without the TT marker, were protected from morbidity and mortality following exposure to the challenge virus. Serological testing for H5‐specific antibodies identified anamnestic responses to H5 in some of the vaccinated birds, indicating active virus infection.
International disease monitoring, July to September
Authors: Roberts H. , Lopez M. , Carbon M. , Hartley M. 
Published: October 2010

African swine fever in the Caucasus region
Equine infectious anaemia in several EU member states, including the UK
Foot‐and‐mouth disease in Turkey suggests a problem with vaccination
Outbreaks of West Nile virus in the Mediterranean Basin prompt calls for better collaboration between public health and veterinary authorities in EU member states
These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for July to September, prepared by Defra's Food and Farming Group, Global Animal Health
Taphonomy, pathology, and paleoecology of the terminal Pleistocene Marmes Rockshelter (45FR50) “big elk” (Cervus elaphus), southeastern Washington State, USA
Authors: Lyman R. Lee 
Published: October 2010

In 1968, remains of what were reported to be a larger-than-modern elk ( Cervus elaphus ) were recovered from terminal Pleistocene sediments associated with the Marmes Rockshelter archaeological site in southeastern Washington State. Originally thought to have been butchered by humans, it is associated with radiocarbon dates suggesting an age of about 980014C years B.P. Taphonomic analysis in 2009 indicates the elk likely died of natural causes during winter months; it was lightly scavenged by carnivores prior to burial from silt-rich spring runoff. The elk suffered from two pathological conditions: one resulting in fusion of the fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae, and the other resulting in excessive bone tissue on the proximal ends of the first ribs, seventh cervical, and first and second thoracic vertebrae. The Marmes elk is larger than modern Rocky Mountain elk ( C. e. nelsoni ) and is on the large end of the size range of modern Roosevelt elk ( C. e. roosevelti ). It is also larger than the similarly aged elk skeleton from Three Hills, Alberta. A single elk bone from the Sentinel Gap archaeological site in central Washington State, dated to about 10 20014C years BP and located 130 km west of Marmes Rockshelter, is the same size as the same bone of the Marmes elk. Terminal Pleistocene elk in eastern Washington likely grew to exceptionally large size as a result of abundant grass at the time, forage that decreased in abundance as Holocene climatic conditions developed.
On determining the elastic modulus of a cylindrical sample subjected to flexural excitation in a resonant column apparatus
Authors: Kumar Jyant , Madhusudhan B. N. 
Published: October 2010

For resonant column tests conducted in the flexure mode of excitation, a new methodology has been proposed to find the elastic modulus and associated axial strain of a cylindrical sample. The proposed method is an improvement over the existing one, and it does not require the assumption of either the mode shape or zero bending moment condition at the top of the sample. A stepwise procedure is given to perform the necessary calculations. From a number of resonant column experiments on aluminum bars and dry sand samples, it has been observed that the present method as compared with the one available in literature provides approximately (i) 5.9%–7.3% higher values of the elastic modulus and (ii) 6.5%–7.3% higher values of the associated axial strains.
The Neuroblastoma-Associated F1174L ALK Mutation Causes Resistance to an ALK Kinase Inhibitor in ALK-Translocated Cancers
Authors: Sasaki Takaaki , Okuda Katsuhiro , Zheng Wei , Butrynski James , Capelletti Marzia , Wang Liping , Gray Nathanael S. , Wilner Keith , Christensen James G. , Demetri George , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Rodig Scott J. , Eck Michael J. , Jänne Pasi A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The ALK kinase inhibitor crizotinib (PF-02341066) is clinically effective in patients with ALK-translocated cancers, but its efficacy will ultimately be limited by acquired drug resistance. Here we report the identification of a secondary mutation in ALK, F1174L, as one cause of crizotinib resistance in a patient with an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) harboring a RANBP2-ALK translocation who progressed while on crizotinib therapy. When present in cis with an ALK translocation, this mutation (also detected in neuroblastomas) causes an increase in ALK phosphorylation, cell growth, and downstream signaling. Furthermore, the F1174L mutation inhibits crizotinib-mediated downregulation of ALK signaling and blocks apoptosis in RANBP2-ALK Ba/F3 cells. A chemically distinct ALK inhibitor, TAE684, and the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG are both effective in models harboring the F1174L ALK mutation. Our findings highlight the importance of studying drug resistance mechanisms in order to develop effective clinical treatments for patients with ALK-translocated cancers. Cancer Res; 70(24); 10038–43. ©2010 AACR.
Development of Central Nervous System Metastases in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Somatic EGFR Mutations Treated with Gefitinib or Erlotinib
Authors: Heon Stephanie , Yeap Beow Y. , Britt Gregory J. , Costa Daniel B. , Rabin Michael S. , Jackman David M. , Johnson Bruce E. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Gefitinib and erlotinib can penetrate into the central nervous system (CNS) and elicit responses in patients with brain metastases (BM) from non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there are incomplete data about their impact on the development and control of CNS metastases.
Experimental Design: Patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC with somatic EGFR mutations initially treated with gefitinib or erlotinib were identified. The cumulative risk of CNS progression was calculated using death as a competing risk.
Results: Of the 100 patients, 19 had BM at the time of diagnosis of advanced NSCLC; 17 of them received CNS therapy before initiating gefitinib or erlotinib. Eighty-four patients progressed after a median potential follow-up of 42.2 months. The median time to progression was 13.1 months. Twenty-eight patients developed CNS progression, 8 of whom had previously treated BM. The 1- and 2-year actuarial risk of CNS progression was 7% and 19%, respectively. Patient age and EGFR mutation genotype were significant predictors of the development of CNS progression. The median overall survival for the entire cohort was 33.1 months.
Conclusions: Our data suggest a lower risk of CNS progression in patients with advanced NSCLC and somatic EGFR mutations initially treated with gefitinib or erlotinib than published rates of 40% in historical series of advanced NSCLC patients. Further research is needed to distinguish between the underlying rates of developing CNS metastases between NSCLC with and without EGFR mutations and the impact of gefitinib and erlotinib versus chemotherapy on CNS failure patterns in these patients. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5873–82. ©2010 AACR.
Intrapericardial, But Not Extrapericardial, Fat Is an Independent Predictor of Impaired Hyperemic Coronary Perfusion in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Bucci Marco , Joutsiniemi Esa , Saraste Antti , Kajander Sami , Ukkonen Heikki , Saraste Markku , Pietilä Mikko , Sipilä Hannu T. , Teräs Mika , Mäki Maija , Airaksinen K.E. Juhani , Hartiala Jaakko , Knuuti Juhani , Iozzo Patricia 
Published: October 2010

Objective—
To measure intrapericardial fat (IPF), extrapericardial fat (EPF), and myocardial perfusion (MBF) in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD), hypothesizing that perfusion is more strongly associated with IPF because it is in direct anatomic contiguity with the myocardium or coronary arteries.

Methods and Results—

Fat surrounding the heart may increase the risk of CAD and calcification, but little is known about the role of MBF in this relationship. The study included 107 patients with an intermediate likelihood of CAD. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography was used to measure IPF and EPF volumes and coronary artery calcium level, together with MBF at rest and during adenosine-induced hyperemia. Subsequently, all subjects underwent coronary angiography and were grouped for presence/absence of CAD and severity of myocardial hypoperfusion. IPF and EPF levels were higher in men and in patients with CAD (n=85) than in those without CAD (n=22) (
P
<0.001). EPF was increased regardless of the degree of stenoses (n=45), whereas IPF was selectively increased in subjects with obstructive stenoses (n=40). IPF and EPF levels were both associated with coronary artery calcium scores (
R
=0.25 and
R
=0.26, respectively;
P
<0.02), coronary flow reserve (
R
=−0.37 and
R
=−0.38, respectively;
P
<0.001), and hyperemic MBF (
R
=−0.36 and
R
=−0.44, respectively;
P
<0.0005). Male sex was a strong negative predictor of MBF. After discounting for confounders, myocardial hyperemic perfusion was predicted independently by sex, coronary artery calcium score, and IPF, but not EPF.

Conclusion—
CAD is accompanied by augmented fat depots surrounding the heart, which are negatively related to coronary flow hyperemia. Among fat depots, IPF was the only independent predictor of hyperemic MBF, supporting the hypothesis of a direct paracrine/vasocrine effect.