bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Ambient‐Temperature ATRP of Methyl Acrylate in Alcohol–Water Solutions with a Mixed Transition‐Metal Catalyst System
Authors: Abreu Carlos M. R. , Mendonça Patrícia V. , Serra Arménio C. , Coelho Jorge F. J. , Popov Anatoliy V. , Guliashvili Tamaz 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe current trend in developing next‐generation LRP systems and in particular ATRP involves reduction, elimination, and/or replacement of toxic and highly expensive catalysts and solvents with environmently friendly ones. Here, the unexpected, accelerated, ambient‐temperature ATRP of methyl acrylate catalyzed by a Fe(0)/CuBr2/Me6TREN system in a mixture of water and inexpensive and environmentally more friendly alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and 1‐propanol) is reported. The data presented open up the possibility of using fast ATRP catalyzed by a mixed transition‐metal catalyst system in solvents that are inexpensive, eco‐friendly, and have low boiling points.
Effect of Chemical Structure and Charge Distribution on Behavior of Polyzwitterions in Solution
Authors: Lezov A. A. , Vlasov P. S. , Polushina G. E. , Lezov A. V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSummary: The hydrodynamic and conformational properties of polyelectrolyte poly(N,N‐diallyl‐N,N‐dimethylammonium chloride) and its corresponding polybetaine poly(2‐diallyl(methyl)ammonio)acetate) molecules in aqueous solutions with various ionic strength and pH, were studied by viscometry, static and dynamic light scattering methods. It was established that a 1 M NaCl solution is a thermodynamically good solvent for poly(N,N‐diallyl‐N,N‐dimethylammonium chloride). In water solutions conformation of poly(2‐diallyl(methyl)ammonio)acetate) molecules corresponds to polymer coil under θ–conditions. An increase in the concentration of NaCl in water and 0.1M NaOH solutions from 0 to 1 mol/l brings about a sharp gain in the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer and in the hydrodynamic radius of molecules. This effect results from the decomposition of zwitterion pairs responsible for the compact conformation of polymer molecules in water and 0.1 M NaOH. The Kuhn segment length for poly(2‐diallyl(methyl)ammonio)acetate) molecules A = 6.3 nm determined in water and in 0.1 M NaOH solutions practically coincided with A value 6.6 nm, received in 1 M NaCl and in 0.1 M NaOH/1M NaCl. For poly(N,N‐diallyl‐N,N‐dimethylammonium chloride) molecules in 1 M NaCl solutions A = 3.9 nm.
Hydrodynamic Properties of “Pseudo‐Dendrimer”
Authors: Filippov Alexander P. , Amirova Alina I. , Belyaeva Elena V. , Tarabukina Elena B. , Sheremetyeva Natalia A. , Muzafarov Aziz M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSummary: Hyperbranched polycarbosilane with terminal butyl groups is obtained by chemical modification of hyperbranched polyallylcarbosilane using the reaction of hydrosilylation with methyldichlorosilane, followed by treatment of the polychlorosilyl derivative with butyllithium. Its hydrodynamic and conformational properties are studied by the methods of light scattering, sedimentation‐diffusion analysis, and viscosimetry in dilute solutions of methyl‐tert‐butyl ether, hexane, THF, chloroform, and toluene. The results obtained are compared with the data for the initial polyallylcarbosilane and carbosilane dendrimer with butyl terminal groups. It is demonstrated that branching regularity is the decisive factor determining the solution properties at fixed degree of the branching.
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Molecular Mobility of the R‐BAPB Type Polyimide
Authors: Toshchevikov V. P. , Smirnova V. E. , Yudin V. E. , Svetlichnyi V. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSummary:Dynamic mechanical experiments are performed to study molecular mobility of the R‐BAPB type polyimide based on 1,3‐bis‐(3,3′,4,4′‐dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene (R) and 4,4′‐bis‐(4‐aminophenoxy)biphenyl (BAPB) with a molecular weight Mw∼ 80 000 g/mol. Frequency dependences of the storage and the loss tensile moduli are measured within the temperature domain 199°C ≤ T ≤ 211°C that includes the glass transition temperature of the compound, Tg = 206°C. It is shown that the time‐temperature superposition principle holds for the R‐BAPB type polyimide. A theoretical analysis of the master curves constructed at Tref = 204°C is performed on the basis of the piecewise‐power‐type distribution function of the relaxation times. Relaxation times for typical scales of motion inside polyimide macromolecules are calculated and the molecular weights of the characteristic kinetic units (the Kuhn segment and the chain fragment between entanglements) are estimated.
Comparative Study of the Quantity of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water‐Based Paint and Solvent‐Based Applied Polyurethane
Authors: da Conceição Ailton R. , Pimenta Ednilson A. R. , Fujisawa Ronaldo S. , Nohara Evandro L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSummary: The concern about the environmental impacts generated in the production of goods and services has increased last decades. The industry has used paints and varnishes in the manufacturing process have been pressed to improve air pollution prevention. Thus, the present work aims to identify the quantitative differences of VOC's and analyze the effect of VOC's in the burning rate, in a solvent and water‐based paint, applied in the manufacture of automotive steering wheels. The results has showed that the solvent‐based paint contains nine times more VOC's in your formulation in relation to water‐based paint, when compared liquid and volatile organic compounds present in the solvent‐based paint increase the speed of combustion of the polyurethanes samples. These data indicate that a discussion on the subject must be initiated in order to reduce these emissions that can harm society.
High frequency of Parkin exon rearrangements in Mexican‐mestizo patients with early‐onset Parkinson's disease
Authors: Camacho Jorge Luis Guerrero , Jaramillo Nancy Monroy , Gómez Petra Yescas , Violante Mayela Rodríguez , Woehrlen Catherine Boll , Vilatela Ma. Elisa Alonso , López López Marisol 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:Parkin mutations in patients with early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) are estimated to occur in 49% of familial cases and 18% of sporadic cases.Methods:We analyzed the entire sequence‐coding region and dosage mutations of parkin in 63 Mexican‐mestizo EOPD patients and 120 controls.Results:Parkin mutations were present in 34 patients (54.0%). Exon rearrangements, predominantly spanning exons 9 and 12 (31.7% and 19.0%, respectively) were present in 32 patients, with 17.5% carrying simple heterozygous and 25.4% carrying compound heterozygous parkin mutations.Conclusions:A higher frequency of parkin exon rearrangements than of sequence mutations was observed. Patients with parkin exons 9 and 12 rearrangements showed a later age at onset than did cases with other regions affected (40.3 ± 4.5 vs 30.1 ± 8.8; P = .005), suggesting a mutational hot spot in the etiology of Mexican‐mestizo patients with EOPD. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest sampling of Mexican‐mestizo patients with EOPD cases for which parkin sequence and dosage alterations were analyzed. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Clinical differences among mild cognitive impairment subtypes in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Goldman Jennifer G. , Weis Holly , Stebbins Glenn , Bernard Bryan , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMild cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a construct in Parkinson's disease (PD) and occurs in about 25% of nondemented PD patients. Although executive dysfunction is the most frequent type of cognitive deficit in PD, the cognitive phenotype of PD mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI) is broad. PD‐MCI subtypes are represented by amnestic and nonamnestic domain impairment as well as single‐ and multiple‐domain impairment. However, it is unclear whether patients with different PD‐MCI subtypes also differ in other clinical characteristics in addition to cognitive profile. We studied 128 PD‐MCI subjects at our Movement Disorders center, comparing clinical, motor, and behavioral characteristics across the PD‐MCI subtypes. We found varying proportions of impairment subtypes: nonamnestic single domain, 47.7%; amnestic multiple domain, 24.2%; amnestic single domain, 18.8%; and nonamnestic multiple domain, 9.5%. Attentional/executive functioning and visuospatial abilities were the most frequently impaired domains. PD‐MCI subtypes differed in their motor features, with nonamnestic multiple‐domain PD‐MCI subjects showing particularly pronounced problems with postural instability and gait. Differences among PD‐MCI subtypes in age, PD duration, medication use, mood or behavioral disturbances, and vascular disease were not significant. Thus, in addition to differing cognitive profiles, PD‐MCI subtypes differed in motor phenotype and severity but not in mood, behavioral, or vascular comorbidities. Greater postural instability and gait disturbances in the nonamnestic multiple‐domain subtype emphasize shared nondopaminergic neural substrates of gait and cognition in PD. Furthermore, increased burden of cognitive dysfunction, rather than type of cognitive deficit, may be associated with greater motor impairment in PD‐MCI. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Detailed Microstructure Investigation of Acrylate/Methacrylate Functional Copolymers by Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Hamzehlou Shaghayegh , Reyes Yuri , Leiza Jose R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA kinetic Monte Carlo simulation model is developed to study the microstructure of acrylic functional copolymers, taking into account all complexities of acrylic kinetics like backbiting, β‐scission, and propagation to macromonomer. The model is used to study the bulk and solution copolymerization of butyl acrylate/hydroxyethyl methacrylate in batch and semibatch processes. The model is able to reproduce experimental findings, providing new information that might be difficult to obtain (if possible) by deterministic or experimental methods. With the simulation the influence of the polymerization conditions on the branching density and copolymer composition as a function of chain length are discussed.magnified image
Macromolecule‐suppressed GABA‐edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T
Authors: Edden Richard A. E. , Puts Nicolaas A. J. , Barker Peter B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEdited magnetic resonance spectroscopy makes possible noninvasive studies of the role of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the healthy brain and in disease processes. A major limitation of the methodology is coediting of macromolecular signals. Although it has previously been shown that macromolecular signal can be suppressed using a symmetrical editing scheme, this approach is rarely applied at field strength of 3T as insufficiently selective pulses result in loss of GABA signal (in addition to the intended suppression of macromolecular signal). In this article, the authors show that increasing the echo time to 80 ms lets more selective editing pulses be used, allowing for symmetric editing‐based suppression of coedited macromolecular signal without loss of GABA signal. The method is applied to acquire macromolecule‐suppressed GABA‐edited spectra in 10 healthy participants. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stromspeicher: Radikal organisch
Authors: Janoschka Tobias , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLithiumionenbatterie, Bleiakku und Co. sind für den Sprung von der konventionellen zur flexiblen, gedruckten organischen Elektronik wenig geeignet. Polymerbasierte, organische Radikalbatterien bieten einen effizienten Ausweg.
Globale Chemikaliensicherheit
Authors: Karavezyris Vassilius , Koch‐Jugl Juliane 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDie internationalen Besprechungen zum Chemikalienmanagement gehen in die dritte Runde. Zu den diskutierten Themen gehören Blei in Farben, Nanomaterialien und perfluorierte Chemikalien.
Influence of surface treatments on the physicochemical properties of short sisal fibers: Ethylene vinyl acetate composites
Authors: Madera‐Santana T.J. , Soto Valdez H. , Richardson M.O.W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNatural fibers (NFs) are rich in cellulose and also they are a low cost, easily renewable source for polymer composites. However, the presence of impurities (waxes, lignin, etc.) and hydroxyl groups produce those NFs with less ability to reinforce polymeric matrices. Short sisal fibers (SSF) were subjected to three different chemical treatments (alkaline, dicumyl peroxide, and silane). Composites of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and chemically modified SSF were prepared by mechanical mixing at the melt state of the polymer matrix (130°C) using a two roll mill. The influences of fiber content and chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. The tensile strength increased for every such treated SSF‐reinforced composite. There was also a noticeable increase in elastic modulus compared with the unfilled matrix. The elongation at break values decreased as the fiber content was increased. Moreover, it was observed that the surface treatment of the SSF improved the fiber dispersion within the EVA matrix. The thermal stability of SSF was analyzed by thermogravimetic analysis. Potentially, the recyclability of the composites might be promising due to the lower specific gravity of NF, accompanied by low cost, and with the added advantage of biodegradability. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
‘Getting the Balance between Encouragement and Taking Over’ — Reflections on Using a New Stroke Self‐Management Programme
Authors: Jones Fiona , Livingstone Elizabeth , Hawkes Louise 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground and PurposeThis paper presents findings from a study which aimed to explore contextual, personal and professional factors in applying training in the use of a new stroke self‐management programme.MethodsPractitioners completed in‐depth case reflections as part of their two‐day training in the Bridges stroke self‐management programme (SSMP). The study utilized a qualitative approach to explore the understanding and meaning participants gave to their experiences of using the SSMP. Data from case reflections were analysed using a thematic content analysis.ResultsData from 60 case reflections were included in the analysis. Several themes were prominent including: timing, belief in the concept of self‐management, congruence with goal setting, balance of power and subtleties and sensitivities of using the SSMP. The use of in‐depth case reflections enabled a personal awareness of the complexities of supporting self‐management after stroke. Participants reflected on their communication styles and interactions and how they influence the development of self‐management skills in individuals post‐stroke.ConclusionCase reflections offered an opportunity for participants who had received training in the use of an SSMP to explore their experiences of using the programme with individuals post‐stroke. This enabled personal reflection on learning and facilitated a wider discussion on the professional and organizational context concerning integration of a self‐management programme into stroke rehabilitation. The paradox between professionals having a role as ‘experts’ and the subtle changes in practice towards a more collaborative therapeutic relationship to support self‐management needs further exploration.Implication for practicePhysiotherapists were required to make a change in their practice from traditional, educational, hands on approaches to one which gave more prominence to facilitating an individual's problem solving, collaborative goal setting and decision‐making post‐stroke. This study highlights a number of issues relevant to professional learning and education in respect of self‐management. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exciton–Mn exchange interactions as a function of translational wavevector in Cd1‐xMnxTe quantum wells
Authors: Rice C. , Smith L. C. , Davies J. J. , Wolverson D. , Wiater M. , Karczewski G. , Wojtowicz T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe exchange interaction between excitons and manganese ions have been studied in wide quantum wells of Cd1‐x Mnx Te with Cd1‐y Mgy Te barriers. The widths L of the wells are sufficiently large for the excitons to be described by the centre of mass approximation, in which the translational wavevector is quantised according to Kz = Nπ/L. Excitonic transitions with different values of the quantisation index N can be resolved in the optical spectra. The giant Zeeman splittings induced by a magnetic field then enable the separate determination of the exchange energy for each value of the wavevector. We find that the quantity N0 (α – β), which describes the exchange splitting, is constant to within 3% over the range of wavevectors up to 4 × 106 cm–1 (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Selective etching of InGaAs/InP substrates from II–VI multilayer heterostructures
Authors: Moug R. , Alfaro‐Martinez A. , Peng L. , Garcia T. , Deligiannakis V. , Shen A. , Tamargo M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTypically, II–VI heterostructures and devices are grown on commercially available III–V substrates. Often these substrates have strong absorption at the emission energy of the epitaxial layer, a problem when transmission measurements are required, as well as for some device applications. By removing the epilayers from the substrate the layer properties can be examined unhindered by the presence of the substrate. In this paper we present a selective etching technique for the removal of InGaAs/InP substrates from ZnMgCdSe‐based epitaxial structures. Characterization of the materials after etching indicated the material is not damaged in the etching process. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preface: Phys. Status Solidi C 7/2012
Authors: Lourdudoss Sebastian , Marcinkevičius Saulius , Kataria Himanshu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis special issue collects a selection of papers that were presented at the 16th International Semiconducting and Insulating Materials Conference (SIMC‐XVI), held at KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), Stockholm, Kista, Sweden from June 19–23, 2011. Over the years from its genesis in 1980, SIMC has been maintaining the tradition of addressing the link between materials research and application. SIMC‐XVI was no exception. SIMC has been held in 11 countries and four continents during its 31 year history.The programme committee set up an attractive programme portraying vividly the recent developments in emerging semiconducting and insulating materials and their applications. The conference was filled with 101 contributions with an equal number of participants from 26 countries belonging to 5 continents. There were totally 8 topical oral sessions that included 19 invited talks and one poster session covering nanostructures, materials for energy, oxides, bismides, wide bandgap nitrides, materials characterization and devices. The pss Young Researcher Award, sponsored by physica status solidi, was given to Naeem Shahid, KTH and The Best Poster Award, sponsored by the conference organizers, was given to Päivi Mattila, Aalto University, Finland.We are grateful to all the members of the Programme Committee, International Advisory Board and several members of the staff and students at School of ICT, KTH for their valuable time to make this conference a success. The generosity of several sponsors facilitated smooth functioning of the conference without financial constraints. We would like to thank primarily Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council) for its grant allotted to the invited speakers. The reception and conference dinner at the Stockholm City Hall (Nobel Prize Dinner Venue) was generously hosted by Stockholms Stad (City of Stockholm). Everybody felt the fever of the Nobel Prize and equally enjoyed the sumptuous dinner. The boat trip that followed on the waters of Stockholm under sunshine was a memorable one. Of course, KTH supported this conference through the magnanimous contribution from the School of ICT (Prof. Mikael Östling), Materials Platform (Prof. Ulf Karlsson), Energy Platform (Prof. Ramon Wyss), Electrum Lab (Dr. Nils Nordell) and ADOPT – Linné Center in Advanced Optics and Photonics (Prof. Gunnar Björk). We are also very grateful to Fabsupport AB (Mr. Jonas Andersson), Aixtron (Dr. Rainer Beccard), Acreo and Imagic Centre of Excellence (Dr. Jan Andersson). It is our pleasure to thank Ms. Anna Hermansson at Congrex and Ms. Madeleine Printzsköld at KTH for taking care of several of the practical aspects of the conference. Last but not least, we should thank Dr. Stefan Hildebrandt, Ms. Julia Huebner and Ms. Irina Juschak, the editorial staff of pss, for their cooperation.
Using Gray‐Based Taguchi Method to Construct Multi‐Objective Optimal Model in Super‐Resolution Near‐Field Photolithography
Authors: Yang Ching‐Been , Chiang Hsiu‐Lu 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThis study integrated thermally induced super‐resolution into near‐field photolithography and conducted simulation and analysis on line segment fabrication. This technique involves passing a laser beam through an aluminum‐plated optical fiber probe onto a thin film of indium (approximately 10 nm thick). The indium film opens a melted aperture narrower than the width of the laser beam, creating a melted region and a crystalline region. The difference in penetration rate between the two regions leads to the generation of thermally induced super‐resolution. This paper proposes a combination of Taguchi method with gray relational analysis, in which S/N ratios obtained using the Taguchi method are converted into gray relational grades to identify an optimal combination of parameters capable of meeting multiple quality objectives. This optimal combination includes a probe aperture of 100 nm (A1), exposure energy of 0.002nJ (B2), development time of 60 s (C3), and indium film with a thickness of 7 nm (D1). The optimal parameters were (A1B2C3D1) for the gray relational analysis and (A1B1C1D1) for the Taguchi method. Results showed a negative improvement of –14.3% in line width from 126.2 (Taguchi method) to 144.2 nm (gray relational analysis). Working depth, however, showed a significantly improvement of 140.4% from 5.7 (Taguchi method) to 13.7 nm (gray relational analysis). The proposed approach resolves the conflicts that commonly occur among factor levels in Taguchi analysis under the requirements of multiple quality requirements. SCANNING 35:47‐58, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.