bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Phase II Trial of Docetaxel Plus Cetuximab or Docetaxel Plus Bortezomib in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer and a Performance Status of 2: CALGB 30402
Authors: Lilenbaum Rogerio , Wang Xiaofei , Gu Lin , Kirshner Jeffrey , Lerro Keith , Vokes Everett 
Published: August 2009

Purpose A randomized phase II trial of two novel treatment strategies in the first-line management of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer patients with performance status (PS) 2. Patients and Methods Patients were assigned to docetaxel 30 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days in combination with either cetuximab 400 mg/m2 loading dose followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly (D + C) or bortezomib 1.6 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days (D + B) for up to 4 cycles. Patients with responding or stable disease continued cetuximab or bortezomib until progression. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months. Results Sixty-four patients were enrolled and 59 were included in this analysis. Complete or partial response rates were 13.3% and 10.3% for D + C and D + B, respectively. Median PFS was 3.4 months in the D + C arm and 1.9 months in the D + B arm. Corresponding figures for 6-month PFS were 27.8% and 13.8% and 5.0 and 3.9 months for median survival, respectively. Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity was 16% for D + C and 21% for D + B, whereas nonhematologic toxicities were observed in 63% and 44% of patients, respectively. There was one treatment-related death in each arm. Conclusion These results confirm the poor prognosis associated with a PS of 2 and the difficulty in translating recent advances in targeted therapy to this subset of patients. While the results in the D + C arm are numerically superior, neither combination met the prespecified PFS end point to justify further research in this setting.
Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Prospective, Randomized Study on the Effect of Octreotide LAR in the Control of Tumor Growth in Patients With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Midgut Tumors: A Report From the PROMID Study Group
Authors: Rinke Anja , Müller Hans-Helge , Schade-Brittinger Carmen , Klose Klaus-Jochen , Barth Peter , Wied Matthias , Mayer Christina , Aminossadati Behnaz , Pape Ulrich-Frank , Bläker Michael , Harder Jan , Arnold Christian , Gress Thomas , Arnold Rudolf 
Published: August 2009

Purpose Somatostatin analogs are indicated for symptom control in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The ability of somatostatin analogs to control the growth of well-differentiated metastatic NETs is a matter of debate. We performed a placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase IIIB study in patients with well-differentiated metastatic midgut NETs. The hypothesis was that octreotide LAR prolongs time to tumor progression and survival. Patients and Methods Treatment-naive patients were randomly assigned to either placebo or octreotide LAR 30 mg intramuscularly in monthly intervals until tumor progression or death. The primary efficacy end point was time to tumor progression. Secondary end points were survival time and tumor response. This report is based on 67 tumor progressions and 16 observed deaths in 85 patients at the time of the planned interim analysis. Results Median time to tumor progression in the octreotide LAR and placebo groups was 14.3 and 6 months, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.59; P = .000072). After 6 months of treatment, stable disease was observed in 66.7% of patients in the octreotide LAR group and 37.2% of patients in the placebo group. Functionally active and inactive tumors responded similarly. The most favorable effect was observed in patients with low hepatic tumor load and resected primary tumor. Seven and nine deaths were observed in the octreotide LAR and placebo groups, respectively. The HR for overall survival was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.30 to 2.18). Conclusion Octreotide LAR significantly lengthens time to tumor progression compared with placebo in patients with functionally active and inactive metastatic midgut NETs. Because of the low number of observed deaths, survival analysis was not confirmatory.
A Qualitative Investigation of Long-Term Zopiclone Use and Sleep Quality Among Vietnam War Veterans with PTSD
Authors: Alderman Christopher P , Gilbert Andrew L 
Published: August 2009

Background: Self-reported sleep difficulties are common among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the routine use of hypnosedatives over extended periods is not generally recommended. Objective: To examine the effects of the extended use of zopiclone among a cohort of patients with combat-related PTSD. Methods: We conducted a 6-month follow-up cohort study of zopiclone usage characteristics for 26 combat veterans with PTSD. Psychometric and sleep assessments were also conducted at baseline and 6 months. Results: The mean baseline score obtained on the tranquilizer dependence questionnaire was 20.4 ± 13.4, below the cutoff score proposed as indicative of a high likelihood of dependence (23 points). Eight (30.7%) subjects exceeded the proposed cutoff score for dependence at baseline. Most (n = 24) subjects reported poor sleep quality at baseline. Actigraphy revealed that the mean sleep efficiency score was 71.2 ± 13.7% at baseline. A cohort of 13 men was available for inclusion in the follow-up phase of the study. The tranquilizer dependence questionnaire score at follow-up was broadly similar to the baseline score after a further 6 months of zopiclone use (18.9 at baseline compared with 19.9 ±2.6 at follow-up). Individual analysis revealed that the tranquilizer dependence scale score increased for 5 subjects and decreased for 8 subjects at follow-up. Four (30.7%) subjects in the follow-up cohort exceeded the proposed cutoff score for dependence at baseline and 6 (46.1%) subjects exceeded it at follow-up. Actigraphy data were consistent across measurements for individual subjects at baseline and follow-up, with similar mean sleep efficiency scores at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with zopiclone (69.6 ± 12.7% at baseline; 71.33 ± 19.0% at follow-up). The proportion of relatively poor sleepers (5/13 at baseline and 4/13 at follow-up) remained essentially unchanged. Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study suggest that, although the subjects in the follow-up phase of the research continued to use zopiclone on a regular basis for an extended period, the efficacy of this intervention for addressing PTSD-related sleep disturbance was low. Extended treatment with zopiclone may not necessarily be associated with increased risk for dependence. Further robust research to examine the consequences of long-term zopiclone therapy for PTSD-related sleep disturbance is warranted.
Improving Control of a Quenching Process by Coupling Analysis Methods
Authors: Banka Andrew , Franklin Jeff , Li Zhichao , Ferguson Blake L. , Freborg Andrew , Aronov Michael 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Intensive quenching is a fast transient thermal process where an austenitized part is cooled rapidly by contact with a stream of high velocity water. As in all quenching processes, the quenchant flow condition has a primary effect on material response, including the final microstructural phase distribution, hardness, residual stress, and distortion. Therefore, characterization of the quenchant flow is important for understanding the quenching process and the relationships between quenchant flow rate, part cooling rate, material phase transformations, and residual stress. With the development of high-speed computer and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technologies, the quenchant flow pattern around a complex part during quenching can be calculated. This allows the local heat transfer between the quench media and the part to be calculated. The transient heat transfer coefficients predicted from such a CFD model can then be used in a finite element based thermal-stress calculation to predict the final residual stress state of the part, as well as the microstructural phase distribution, hardness distribution, and dimensional change due to quenching. In this paper, transient CFD analyses using FLUENT are applied to characterize the water flow and thermal boundary conditions around a spur gear made of carburized Pyrowear 53 during intensive quenching. The calculated heat transfer coefficients are imported to DANTE heat treatment models, and the gear’s response to intensive quenching is predicted. The results include hardness, phase transformation, stress, and distortion. The relationships between temperature field, phase transformation, residual stress, and distortion during quenching are explained using the modeling histories. The combination of FLUENT and DANTE models provides efficient and effective solutions to the quenching fixture and water flow designs. The predicted gear distortion and residual stresses are validated using experiments.
Concrete Hygrothermal Properties and the Influence of their Variability on Moisture Movement in Concrete Walls
Authors: Onmura Sadayuki , Hokoi Shuichi , Matsushita Takayuki , Ogura Daisuke , Kominami Kazuya , Yasui Yoshitaka 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The vapor permeability, equilibrium moisture content, hydraulic conductivity, and thermal conductivity of concrete specimens with three different strengths were measured under various conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Based on the measured results, the relationship between hygrothermal properties and strength, and the relationship between hygrothermal properties, water content, and temperature were considered. The variability of measured hygrothermal properties was clarified. Then, to evaluate the influence that the variability of hygrothermal properties has on the hygrothermal behaviors of a concrete wall, a water absorption experiment using a small-scale concrete wall with tile finishing was carried out under constant temperature. The experimental result shows a significantly difference between three specimens in the hygrothermal behaviors, which is partly because of the variability of the hygrothermal properties.
Just-About-Right (JAR) Scales: Design, Usage, Benefits, and Risks
Authors: Rothman Lori , Parker Merry Jo 
Published: August 2009

Description
This new ASTM manual is a comprehensive guide on the use of JAR scales in consumer testing, including their application, construction, analysis, and interpretation. It also identifies the risks associated with the use of JAR scales and ways to reduce those risks.
JAR scales measure levels of a product's attribute relative to a respondent's theoretical ideal level. These scales have an anchored midpoint of "just-about-right" or "just right", and endpoints anchored to represent intensity levels of the attributes that are higher and lower than ideal.
Manual 63 also includes numerous case studies for the analysis of JAR scale data and alternatives to JAR scales.
This is a "must have" reference for professionals who use JAR scales when conducting consumer research.
Downregulation of Functional Reelin Receptors in Projection Neurons Implies That Primary Reelin Action Occurs atEarly/Premigratory Stages
Authors: Uchida Takayuki , Baba Atsushi , Pérez-Martínez F. Javier , Hibi Terumasa , Miyata Takaki , Luque Juan M. , Nakajima Kazunori , Hattori Mitsuharu 
Published: August 2009

Reelin signaling is essential for correct development of the mammalian brain. Reelin binds to apolipoprotein E receptor 2 and very low-density lipoprotein receptor and induces phosphorylation of Dab1. However, when and where these reactions occur is essentially unknown, and the primary function(s) of Reelin remain unclear.Here, we used alkaline phosphatase fusion of the receptor-binding region of Reelin to quantitatively investigate the localization of functional Reelin receptors (i.e., those on the plasma membrane as mature forms) in the developing brain. In the wild-type cerebral cortex, they are mainly present in the intermediate and subventricular zones, as well as in radial fibers, but much less in the cell bodies of the cortical plate. Functional Reelin receptors are much more abundant in the Reelin-deficient cortical plate, indicating that Reelin induces their downregulation and that it begins before the neurons migrate out of the intermediate zone. In the wild-type cerebellum, functional Reelin receptors are mainly present in the cerebellar ventricular zone but scarcely expressed by Purkinje cells that have migrated out of it. It is thus strongly suggested that Reelin exerts critical actions on migrating projection neurons at their early/premigratory stages en route to their final destinations, in the developing cerebral cortex and cerebellum.
150 Jahre Historische Zeitschrift150 Years Historische Zeitschrift
Authors: Gall Lothar 
Published: August 2009

Zusammenfassung
150 Jahre Historische Zeitschrift  das sind auch 150 Jahre Entwicklung und Ausdifferenzierung der Geschichtswissenschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum. Die 1859 von Heinrich von Sybel begründete und von Rudolf Oldenbourg zunächst in einem Tochterunternehmen des Stuttgarter Cotta-Verlags verlegte Fachzeitschrift etablierte sich rasch als führendes Organ der wissenschaftlichen Geschichtsforschung. Diese Stellung hat die Historische Zeitschrift bis heute behaupten können  über alle gravierenden politischen Umbrüche des 20. Jahrhunderts hinweg und unbeschadet der nicht minder tiefgreifenden institutionellen, personellen und thematischen Veränderungen in der Geschichtswissenschaft selbst. In Anknüpfung an den von Theodor Schieder 1959 zum 100jährigen Jubiläum herausgegebenen Band wirft auch das Heft zum 150jährigen Jubiläum einen bilanzierenden Blick auf die zurückliegenden Jahrzehnte, um ein Bild der Geschichtswissenschaft im Spiegel der Historischen Zeitschrift zu entwerfen. Der Herausgeber und die Mitglieder des wissenschaftlichen Beirats geben dazu in acht Beiträgen aus der speziellen Perspektive der jeweiligen Teildisziplinen einen Überblick darüber, inwiefern und auf welche Weise der Gang der historischen Forschung seinen Niederschlag in der Historischen Zeitschrift gefunden hat.
The Accuracy of Genomic Selection in Norwegian Red Cattle Assessed by Cross-Validation
Authors: Luan Tu , Woolliams John A , Lien Sigbjørn , Kent Matthew , Svendsen Morten , Meuwissen Theo H E 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Genomic Selection (GS) is a newly developed tool for the estimation of breeding values for quantitative traits through the use of dense markers covering the whole genome. For a successful application of GS, accuracy of the prediction of genomewide breeding value (GW-EBV) is a key issue to consider. Here we investigated the accuracy and possible bias of GW-EBV prediction, using real bovine SNP genotyping (18,991 SNPs) and phenotypic data of 500 Norwegian Red bulls. The study was performed on milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, first lactation mastitis traits, and calving ease. Three methods, best linear unbiased prediction (G-BLUP), Bayesian statistics (BayesB), and a mixture model approach (MIXTURE), were used to estimate marker effects, and their accuracy and bias were estimated by using cross-validation. The accuracies of the GW-EBV prediction were found to vary widely between 0.12 and 0.62. G-BLUP gave overall the highest accuracy. We observed a strong relationship between the accuracy of the prediction and the heritability of the trait. GW-EBV prediction for production traits with high heritability achieved higher accuracy and also lower bias than health traits with low heritability. To achieve a similar accuracy for the health traits probably more records will be needed.
Adolescent Prescription ADHD Medication Abuse Is Rising Along With Prescriptions for These Medications
Authors: Setlik Jennifer , Bond G. Randall , Ho Mona 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: We sought to better understand the trend for prescription attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication abuse by teenagers.METHODS: We queried the American Association of Poison Control Center's National Poison Data System for the years of 1998–2005 for all cases involving people aged 13 to 19 years, for which the reason was intentional abuse or intentional misuse and the substance was a prescription medication used for ADHD treatment. For trend comparison, we sought data on the total number of exposures. In addition, we used teen and preteen ADHD medication sales data from IMS Health's National Disease and Therapeutic Index database to compare poison center call trends with likely availability.RESULTS: Calls related to teenaged victims of prescription ADHD medication abuse rose 76%, which is faster than calls for victims of substance abuse generally and teen substance abuse. The annual rate of total and teen exposures was unchanged. Over the 8 years, estimated prescriptions for teenagers and preteenagers increased 133% for amphetamine products, 52% for methylphenidate products, and 80% for both together. Reports of exposure to methylphenidate fell from 78% to 30%, whereas methylphenidate as a percentage of ADHD prescriptions decreased from 66% to 56%. Substance-related abuse calls per million adolescent prescriptions rose 140%.CONCLUSIONS: The sharp increase, out of proportion to other poison center calls, suggests a rising problem with teen ADHD stimulant medication abuse. Case severity increased over time. Sales data of ADHD medications suggest that the use and call-volume increase reflects availability, but the increase disproportionately involves amphetamines.
Profiling Families Enrolled in Food Allergy Immunotherapy Studies
Authors: DunnGalvin Audrey , Chang Wen Chin , Laubach Susan , Steele Pamela H. , Dubois Anthony E. J. , Burks A. Wesley , Hourihane Jonathan O'B. 
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND: Little is known about specific psychological factors that affect parents' decisions to take part in clinical studies. We examined factors, related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL), that may influence parents' decision to allow their children to participate in research on clinical food allergy.
METHODS: Parents of children with food allergies were offered investigational oral immunotherapy (OIT) in a regular outpatient clinic. Forty parents (group A) declined, and 25 parents (group B) agreed to take part. Both groups agreed to complete the Food Allergy Quality of Life–Parent Form and the Food Allergy Independent Measure.
RESULTS: Children were aged between 1 and 12 years (mean: 6.5 years). Groups A and B displayed a similar and typical distribution for gender, age, number of foods, severity and number of symptoms, and socioeconomic variables. Parents who chose to enroll their children in the OIT trial reported a similar impact of food allergy on the HRQoL of their children as parents of children who did not volunteer for the study. Participating parents perceived a significantly higher likelihood (odds ratio: 6.753) of their child having a severe reaction and dying if food is ingested. By using this model, the likelihood of taking part in immunotherapy could be predicted accurately in 90% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS: Parents who had higher anxiety about negative outcomes from accidental ingestion were more likely to consent to experimental therapy for their child. This finding has ethical implications for investigators and supports the need to create mechanisms to avoid unintended coercion in vulnerable groups.
Kawasaki Disease at the Extremes of the Age Spectrum
Authors: Manlhiot Cedric , Yeung Rae S. M. , Clarizia Nadia A. , Chahal Nita , McCrindle Brian W. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine outcomes of Kawasaki disease (KD) and to explore factors associated with poor clinical outcomes for patients diagnosed outside the age range of 1 to 4 years.
METHODS: A retrospective review of data for all patients seen between January 1990 and April 2007 was performed. Patients were stratified into 5 groups on the basis of age at diagnosis.
RESULTS: A total of 1374 patients were identified; 61 (4%) were &lt;6 months of age at diagnosis, 114 (8%) 6 months to &lt;1 year, 854 (62%) 1 to 4 years, 258 (19%) 5 to 9 years, and 87 (6%) &gt;9 years. Patients &lt;1 year of age and those &gt;9 years of age were more likely to have coronary artery abnormalities than were patients diagnosed between 1 and 4 years of age. Patients diagnosed between the ages of 5 and 9 years were at the lowest risk. Patients at both extremes of the age spectrum were more likely to present with &lt;4 of the classic KD features, but only those &lt;6 months or &gt;5 years of age were at increased risk of being diagnosed &gt;12 days after illness onset. Patients &lt;6 months of age had lower albumin levels, and those &lt;1 year of age had higher white blood cell and platelet counts, all of which are known predictors of coronary artery abnormalities. Patients &gt;9 years of age were less likely to receive intravenous immunoglobulin treatment.
CONCLUSION: Outcomes for children diagnosed with KD at either extreme of the age spectrum are suboptimal, although the associated factors are different.
Quantum Dynamics of the Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in 2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole
Authors: Kim Justin , Wu Yinghua , Brédas Jean‐Luc , Batista Victor S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe excited‐state intramolecular proton‐transfer dynamics and photoabsorption associated with the ketoenolic tautomerization reaction in 2‐(2′‐hydr oxyphenyl)benzothiazole are simulated according to a numerically exact quantum‐dynamics propagation method and a full‐dimensional excited‐state potential energy surface based on an ab initio reaction surface Hamiltonian. The simulations involve the propagation of 69‐dimensional wave packets according to the matching‐pursuit/split‐operator Fourier transform (MP/SOFT) method (Wu, Y.; Batista, V.S. J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 121, 1676–1686). The underlying propagation scheme recursively applies the time‐evolution operator as defined by the Trotter expansion to second‐order accuracy in dynamically adaptive coherent‐state expansions. Computations of time‐dependent survival amplitudes, the time‐dependent product population, and photoabsorption linewidths are compared to experimental data. The reported results provide fundamental insight on the nature of the excited‐state reaction dynamics and demonstrate the capabilities of the MP/SOFT method as a powerful computational tool to study ultrafast reaction dynamics in polyatomic systems.
Ultrafast Protonation of Cyanate Anion in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Adamczyk Katrin , Dreyer Jens , Pines Dina , Pines Ehud , Nibbering Erik T. J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe use femtosecond infrared spectroscopy to study the aqueous protonation dynamics of cyanate, OCN−, using a photoacid, 2‐naphthol‐6,8‐disulfonate (2N‐6,8S) excited by a 60‐fs pulse tuned at 336 nm. The transient response in the spectral range of the cyano‐stretching vibrational marker modes of cyanic acid, HOCN, and isocyanic acid, HNCO, reveals how much of both reaction products are formed at early delay times, and whether the on‐contact reactive complex between 2N‐6,8S and OCN− has a well‐defined structure. Using the Szabo‐Collins‐Kimball approach to describe bimolecular reaction dynamics subject to the Debye‐von Smoluchowski diffusional motions, an on‐contact proton transfer reaction rate is derived that follows the correlation between free energy and reaction rates found for a large class of aqueous proton transfer of photoacid dissociation and photoacid‐base neutralization reactions.
Phytoseiid Mites (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) on Plants in Trostyanets Dendrological Park (Ukraine)
Authors: Omeri I. 
Published: August 2009

Phytoseiid Mites (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) on Plants in Trostyanets Dendrological Park (Ukraine)Species composition and distribution of phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) are studied studied on plants in Trostyanets state dendrological park NAS of Ukraine (Trostyanets village, Ichnya region, Chernigiv oblast, Ukraine) for the first time. Mites of twenty phytoseiid species from nine genera were found. Frequency of occurrence of each species is estimated as well as their relative biotopic allocation to both vegetation type and plant species.