bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of small‐field bistratified amacrine cells in macaque retina labeled by antibodies against synaptotagmin‐2
Authors: Neumann Sonja , Haverkamp Silke 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMacaque retinae were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies directed against the protein synaptotagmin‐2 (Syt2). Syt2 was localized in a population of small‐field amacrine cells, whose cell bodies formed a regular mosaic within the inner nuclear layer, indicating they represent a single amacrine cell type. The labeled amacrine cells had a bistratified appearance with a dense dendritic plexus in the OFF‐layer and only a few lobular processes extending into the ON‐layer of the inner plexiform layer, similar to A8 amacrine cells described in cat and human retina. Syt2‐labeled cells were immunoreactive for glycine but lacked immunoreactivity for γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), suggesting they use glycine as their neurotransmitter. The density of these cells increases from ∼200/mm2 in peripheral retina to ∼1,400/mm2 in central retina. Their bipolar cell input was studied by immunolabeling experiments using various bipolar cell markers combined with CtBP2, a marker of presynaptic ribbons. Our data show that Syt2‐labeled amacrine cells receive input from both OFF and ON cone bipolar cells, as well as from rod bipolar cells. The OFF input is dominated by the diffuse bipolar cell DB1 (44%) and the OFF midget bipolar cell (38%). Here we describe a population of bistratified small‐field amacrine cells closely resembling A8 amacrine cells and their cone‐dominated bipolar cell input. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:709–724, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐Dimensional Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis on the Carbonation of Sterically Hindered Alkanolamines
Authors: Cheon Youngeun , Jung Young Mee , Lee Jeesun , Kim Heehwan , Im Jinkyu , Cheong Minserk , Kim Hoon Sik , Park Ho Seok 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDespite the academic and industrial importance of the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and alkanolamine, the delicate and precise monitoring of the reaction dynamics by conventional one‐dimensional (1D) spectroscopy is still challenging, due to the overlapped bands and the restricted static information. Herein, we report two‐dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy (2D IR COS) and principal component analysis (PCA) on the reaction dynamics of a sterically hindered amine, 2‐[(1,1‐dimethylethyl)amino]ethanol (TBAE) and CO2. The formation of carbonate rather than carbamate species, which contribute to the unusual high working capacity of ∼1 mole CO2 per mole of TBAE at 40 °C, occurs through deprotonation of the hydroxyl group, protonation on the nitrogen atom of the amino group, and formation of a carbonate species due to the steric hindrance of the tert‐butyl group. In particular, PCA captures the chemical transition into a carbonate species and the main contributions of ${\nu _{{\rm{CO}}_2 } }$, ${\nu _{{\rm{OH}}} }$, ${\nu _{{\rm{C - N}}} }$, and ${\nu _{{\rm{C}} = {\rm{O}}} }$ bands to the carbonation, while 2D IR COS verifies the interrelation of four bands and their changes. Therefore, these results provide a powerful analytic method to understand the complex and abnormal reaction dynamics as well as the rational design strategy for the CO2 absorbents.
Biomimetic Mineralization of Calcium Phosphate on a Functionalized Porous Silicon Carbide Biomaterial
Authors: Dey Archan , van den Hoogen Chris. J. , Rosso Michel , Lousberg Niek , Hendrix Marco M. R. M. , Friedrich Heiner , Ramírez‐Rico Joaquín , Zuilhof Han , de With Gijsbertus , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPorous biomorphic silicon carbide (bioSiC) is a structurally realistic, high‐strength, and biocompatible material which is promising for application in load‐bearing implants. The deposition of an osteoconductive coating is essential for further improvement of its integration with the surrounding tissue. A new strategy towards biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings on bioSiC is described. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that using 10‐undecenoic acid methyl ester a covalently bound monolayer can be synthesized on the surface of the bioSiC. After hydrolysis it exposes carboxylic acid groups that promote the selective nucleation and growth of a very well‐defined crystalline layer of calcium phosphate. The resulting calcium phosphate coating is characterized by X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques. Further, ion beam imaging is employed to quantify the mineral deposition meanwhile, three‐dimensional dual‐beam imaging (FIB/SEM) is used to visualize the bioSiC/mineral interface. The monolayer is show to actively induce the nucleation of a well‐defined and highly crystalline mixed octacalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (OCP/HAP) coating on implantable bioSiC substrates with complex geometry. The mild biomimetic procedure, in principle, allows for the inclusion of bioactive compounds that aid in tissue regeneration. Moreover, the mixed OCP/HAP phase will have a higher solubility compared to HAP, which, in combination with its porous structure, is expected to render the coating more reabsorbable than standard HAP coatings.
Definition, necessity, and Nansen: Efficacy of dialogue in peacebuilding
Authors: Feller Amanda E. , Ryan Kelly K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn international conflict resolution the term dialogue is used frequently while lacking specificity. When examined in practice, dialogue is revealed as a specific, efficacious method for conflict management and peacebuilding. This article defines dialogue specifically through description of eight characteristics: coexistence; movement; encountering the “other”; assumption; creativity and flexibility; sharing; holistic; and multigenerational. In defining dialogue, a parameter is drawn and a method clarified. The case of Macedonia and the Nansen Dialogue Network (NDN) is drawn upon to illustrate these traits and the success of the method in long‐term conflict management and peacebuilding. NDN has used its dialogic approach in Macedonia, leading to integrated schooling. As integrated schooling has continued success with NDN as an ongoing dialogue facilitator, as of 2011 the Macedonia government is considering it as an educational model. As evidence of further success, this dialogue work has led to continued funding as well as peace‐related awards and nominations to NDN. Understanding the nature and success of dialogue as practiced is an essential, though often overlooked, aspect of international relations work.
Morphogenesis of outflow tract rotation during cardiac development: The pulmonary push concept
Authors: Scherptong Roderick W.C. , Jongbloed Monique R.M. , Wisse Lambertus J. , Vicente‐Steijn Rebecca , Bartelings Margot M. , Poelmann Robert E. , Schalij Martin J. , Gittenberger‐De Groot Adriana C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground: Understanding of cardiac outflow tract (OFT) remodeling is essential to explain repositioning of the aorta and pulmonary orifice. In wild type embryos (E9.5–14.5), second heart field contribution (SHF) to the OFT was studied using expression patterns of Islet 1, Nkx2.5, MLC‐2a, WT‐1, and 3D‐reconstructions. Abnormal remodeling was studied in VEGF120/120 embryos. Results: In wild type, Islet 1 and Nkx2.5 positive myocardial precursors formed an asymmetric elongated column almost exclusively at the pulmonary side of the OFT up to the pulmonary orifice. In VEGF120/120 embryos, the Nkx2.5‐positive mesenchymal population was disorganized with a short extension along the pulmonary OFT. Conclusions: We postulate that normally the pulmonary trunk and orifice are pushed in a higher and more frontal position relative to the aortic orifice by asymmetric addition of SHF‐myocardium. Deficient or disorganized right ventricular OFT expansion might explain cardiac malformations with abnormal position of the great arteries, such as double outlet right ventricle. Developmental Dynamics 241:1413–1422, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mouse lines with photo‐activatable mitochondria to study mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Pham Anh H. , McCaffery J. Michael , Chan David C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMany pathological states involve dysregulation of mitochondrial fusion, fission, or transport. These dynamic events are usually studied in cells lines because of the challenges in tracking mitochondria in tissues. To investigate mitochondrial dynamics in tissues and disease models, we generated two mouse lines withphoto‐activatable mitochondria (PhAM). In the
PhAM
floxed line, a mitochondrially localized version of the photo‐convertible fluorescent protein Dendra2 (mito‐Dendra2) is targeted to the ubiquitously expressed Rosa26 locus, along with an upstream
loxP‐flanked termination signal. Expression of Cre in PhAM
floxed cells results in bright mito‐Dendra2 fluorescence without adverse effects on mitochondrial morphology. When crossed with Cre drivers, the PhAM
floxed line expresses mito‐Dendra2 in specific cell types, allowing mitochondria to be tracked even in tissues that have high cell density. In a second line (PhAM
excised), the expression of mito‐Dendra2 is ubiquitous, allowing mitochondria to be analyzed in a wide range of live and fixed tissues. By using photo‐conversion techniques, we directly measured mitochondrial fusion events in cultured cells as well as tissues such as skeletal muscle. These mouse lines facilitate analysis of mitochondrial dynamics in a wide spectrum of primary cells and tissues, and can be used to examine mitochondria in developmental transitions and disease states. © genesis 1–11, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of family‐based treatment for adolescents with eating disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Couturier Jennifer , Kimber Melissa , Szatmari Peter 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:To systematically review and quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of Family‐Based Treatment (FBT) compared with individual treatment among adolescents with eating disorders.Method:The literature was reviewed using the MEDLINE search terms “family therapy AND Anorexia Nervosa,” and “family therapy AND Bulimia Nervosa”. This produced 12 randomized controlled trials involving adolescents with eating disorders and family therapy which were reviewed carefully for several inclusion criteria including: allocation concealment, intent‐to‐treat analysis, assessor blinding, behavioral family therapy compared with an individual therapy, and adolescent age group. References from these articles were searched. Only three studies met these strict inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis. A random effects model and odds ratio was used for meta‐analysis, looking at “remission” as the outcome of choice.Results:When combined in a meta‐analysis, end of treatment data indicated that FBT was not significantly different from individual treatment (z = 1.62, p = 0.11). However, when follow‐up data from 6 to 12 months were analyzed, FBT was superior to individual treatment (z = 2.94, p < 0.003), and heterogeneity was not significant (p = 0.59).Discussion:Although FBT does not appear to be superior to individual treatment at end of treatment, there appear to be significant benefits at 6–12 month follow‐up for adolescents suffering from eating disorders. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Pacific Walrus and climate change: observations and predictions
Authors: MacCracken James G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe extent and duration of sea‐ice habitats used by Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) are diminishing resulting in altered walrus behavior, mortality, and distribution. I document changes that have occurred over the past several decades and make predictions to the end of the 21st century. Climate models project that sea ice will monotonically decline resulting in more ice‐free summers of longer duration. Several stressors that may impact walruses are directly influenced by sea ice. How these stressors materialize were modeled as most likely‐case, worst‐case, and best‐case scenarios for the mid‐ and late‐21st century, resulting in four comprehensive working hypotheses that can help identify and prioritize management and research projects, identify comprehensive mitigation actions, and guide monitoring programs to track future developments and adjust programs as needed. In the short term, the most plausible hypotheses predict a continuing northward shift in walrus distribution, increasing use of coastal haulouts in summer and fall, and a population reduction set by the carrying capacity of the near shore environment and subsistence hunting. Alternatively, under worst‐case conditions, the population will decline to a level where the probability of extinction is high. In the long term, walrus may seasonally abandon the Bering and Chukchi Seas for sea‐ice refugia to the northwest and northeast, ocean warming and pH decline alter walrus food resources, and subsistence hunting exacerbates a large population decline. However, conditions that reverse current trends in sea ice loss cannot be ruled out. Which hypothesis comes to fruition depends on how the stressors develop and the success of mitigation measures. Best‐case scenarios indicate that successful mitigation of unsustainable harvests and terrestrial haulout‐related mortalities can be effective. Management and research should focus on monitoring, elucidating effects, and mitigation, while ultimately, reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are needed to reduce sea‐ice habitat losses.
Controls of evapotranspiration during the short dry season in a temperate mixed forest in Northeast China
Authors: Wu Jiabing , Jing Yanli , Guan Dexin , Yang Hong , Niu Lihua , Wang Anzhi , Yuan Fenhui , Jin Changjie 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe long‐term tower‐based eddy covariance measurements of CO2/H2O fluxes are carried out in a temperate mature forest in Northeast China. The current study investigates the atmospheric (net radiation and vapour pressure deficit) and vegetation (surface conductance) controls of the evapotranspiration (ET) within the two observational years with different water conditions. The results show that the ET during the short dry season of 2004 was higher than that during the wet season of 2005. The ET is mainly driven by the meteorological factor of vapour pressure deficit. The mixed forest did not show clear signs of ET suppression during the summer drought because of its slightly reduced surface conductance, whereas its water demands from the atmosphere significantly increased. Thus, the annual ET slightly varied (416·2 to 462·1 mm) despite the large interannual variation in precipitation (488·7 to 761·6 mm). The 0–100 cm deep soil water storages are important sources of water supply for ET during dry seasons. The findings of this study suggest that the possible reduction in precipitation under future climate change scenarios with invariable or even enhanced ET will decrease the replenishment of groundwater and outflow and, consequently, the downstream water supply. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Layered Hydroxide–Porphyrin Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties
Authors: Demel Jan , Lang Kamil 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLayered hydroxide–porphyrin hybrids are attracting attention on account of their possible photophysical, photochemical, catalytic, and sensing applications. In comparison to free porphyrin and phthalocyanine molecules, the hybrids possess several potential advantages such as improved thermal and chemical stability, reduction of aggregation, tuning by layered hydroxide composition, and arrangement in transparent films. This review illustrates recent advances in the design, synthesis, and understanding of the structural alignment of bulky porphyrin‐like molecules in the interlayer space. Special emphasis is placed on the utilization of their spectral and photophysical properties for the possible fabrication of light‐triggered materials for bactericidal purposes. We describe examples from our laboratory and others, review their catalytic and sensing properties, and highlight the potential directions for further developments.
Fused Arene Ring Construction Around Pyrrole To Form 4,7‐Disubstitued Indole (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 22/2012)
Authors: Nojman Elżbieta , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław , Szterenberg Ludmiła 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe cover picture shows the original route for the synthesis of indoles. Treatment of the fundamental substrates, disubstituted 2‐butynes, with a stoichiometric amount of trifluoroacetic acid affords 4,7‐disubstituted indoles as the main products. The reported strategy involves attaching the benzene ring onto the existing pyrrole scaffold. Details are discussed in the article by L. Latos‐Grażyński et al. on p. 4115 ff. magnified image
A novel XPD mutation in a compound heterozygote; the mutation in the second allele is present in three homozygous patients with mild sun sensitivity
Authors: Falik‐Zaccai Tzipora C. , Erel‐Segal Reut , Horev Liran , Bitterman‐Deutsch Ora , Koka Sivan , Chaim Sara , Keren Zohar , Kalfon Limor , Gross Bella , Segal Zvi , Orgal Shlomi , Shoval Yishay , Slor Hanoch , Spivak Graciela , Hanawalt Philip C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe XPD protein plays a pivotal role in basal transcription and in nucleotide excision repair (NER) as one of the ten known components of the transcription factor TFIIH. Mutations in XPD can result in the DNA repair‐deficient diseases xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), trichothiodystrophy (TTD), cerebro‐oculo‐facial‐skeletal syndrome, and in combined phenotypes such as XP/Cockayne syndrome and XP/TTD. We describe here an 18‐year‐old individual with mild sun sensitivity, no neurological abnormalities and no tumors, who carries a p.R683Q mutation in one allele, and the novel p.R616Q mutation in the other allele of the XPD gene. We also describe four patients from one family, homozygous for the identical p.R683Q mutation in XPD, who exhibit mild skin pigmentation and loss of tendon reflexes. Three homozygous patients presented with late‐onset skin tumors, and two with features of premature aging and moderate cognitive decline. Cells from the compound heterozygous individual and from one of the patients homozygous for p.R683Q exhibited similar responses to UV irradiation: reduced viability and defective overall removal of UV‐induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, implying deficient global genomic NER. Cells from the compound heterozygous subject also failed to recover RNA synthesis after UV, indicating defective transcription‐coupled NER. Mutations affecting codon 616 in XPD generally result in functionally null proteins; we hypothesize that the phenotype of the heterozygous patient results solely from expression of the p.R683Q allele. This study illustrates the importance of detailed follow up with sun sensitive individuals, to ensure appropriate prophylaxis and to understand the mechanistic basis of the implicated hereditary disease. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gains in language comprehension relating to working memory training in healthy older adults
Authors: Carretti Barbara , Borella Erika , Zavagnin Michela , de Beni Rossana 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveA growing number of studies are focusing on cognitive training procedures to delay age‐related decline. Given the crucial role of working memory (WM) in everyday life, some studies have recently analyzed gains deriving from WM training and their transfer and maintenance effects in older adults.MethodThe present study investigates the efficacy of a verbal WM training program in 20 65–75 year old adults with no cognitive impairments, considering the specific training‐related gains in a verbal WM task (criterion) and the transfer effects on measures of WM updating, reasoning, and on abilities related more to daily life, that is language comprehension. Maintenance of training benefits was also assessed after 6 months.ResultsThe older adults given training performed better than controls in the criterion task and retained this benefit 6 months later. Immediate transfer effects were seen in most of the abilities considered (reasoning and language comprehension performance) and were substantially maintained at the 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionOur results suggest that WM training is a promising approach for preserving abilities relating to everyday activities, helping to prolong older adults' independence and well‐being. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal testing of visual perception in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wood Joshua S. , Watson Rosie , Firbank Michael J. , Mosimann Urs P. , Barber Robert , Blamire Andrew M. , O'Brien John T. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesVisuo‐perceptual abnormalities are a prominent feature in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and also occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD) to a lesser extent. We studied the progression of visuo‐perceptual abnormalities over a 12‐month period in DLB and AD by using a novel computerised test battery.MethodsFollowing our previous work using the Newcastle Visual Perception (NEVIP) battery, we re‐assessed 16 AD, 12 DLB and 28 similar‐aged comparison participants 12 months after initial baseline assessment.ResultsDLB visual perception at follow‐up showed worse performance than AD (U = 43, p = 0.027); however, there were no significant changes in visuo‐perceptual scores between baseline assessment and 12‐month assessment within groups. A poor baseline score on the NEVIP predicted subsequent deterioration on the Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale (rs = −0.725, p = 0.014) in DLB participants but not in the AD group.ConclusionsThe NEVIP is a reliable test of visuo‐perception, relatively independent of cognitive decline, with predictive value in identifying DLB participants at risk of functional decline. Visuo‐perceptual dysfunction is a core feature of the disorder for some DLB patients and was stable over the 12‐month period examined here. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MicroRNA-221 overexpression accelerates hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration
Authors: Yuan Qinggong , Loya Komal , Rani Bhavna , Möbus Selina , Balakrishnan Asha , Lamle Jutta , Cathomen Toni , Vogel Arndt , Manns Michael P. , Ott Michael , Cantz Tobias , Sharma Amar Deep 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The tightly controlled replication of hepatocytes in liver regeneration and uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are often modulated by common regulatory pathways. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in HCC progression by modulating posttranscriptional expression of multiple target genes. miR-221, which is frequently up-regulated in HCCs, delays fulminant liver failure in mice by inhibiting apoptosis, indicating a pleiotropic role of miR-221 in hepatocytes. Here, we hypothesize that modulation of miR-221 targets in primary hepatocytes enhances proliferation, providing novel clues for enhanced liver regeneration. We demonstrate that miR-221 enhances proliferation of in vitro cultivated primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, applying two-thirds partial hepatectomy as a surgically induced liver regeneration model we show that adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of miR-221 in the mouse liver also accelerates hepatocyte proliferation in vivo. miR-221 overexpression leads to rapid S-phase entry of hepatocytes during liver regeneration. In addition to the known targets p27 and p57, we identify Aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (Arnt) messenger RNA (mRNA) as a novel target of miR-221, which contributes to the pro-proliferative activity of miR-221. Conclusion: miR-221 overexpression accelerates hepatocyte proliferation. Pharmacological intervention targeting miR-221 may thus be therapeutically beneficial in liver failure by preventing apoptosis and by inducing liver regeneration. (Hepatology 2013;)