bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2022
Authors: Fielder Hannah , Beale Tim , Jeger Michael J. , Oliver Gabriella , Parnell Stephen , Szyniszewska Anna M. , Taylor Philip , Cunniffe Nik J. 
Published: May 2024

This scientometric study reviews the scientific literature and CABI distribution records published in 2022 to find evidence of major disease outbreaks and first reports of pathogens in new locations or on new hosts. This is the second time we have done this, and this study builds on our work documenting and analyzing reports from 2021. Pathogens with three or more articles identified in 2022 literature were Xylella fastidiosa, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Meloidogyne species complexes, ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, Raffaelea lauricola, Fusarium oxysporum formae specialis, and Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Our review of CABI distribution records found 29 pathogens with confirmed first reports in 2022. Pathogens with four or more first reports were Meloidogyne species complexes, Pantoea ananatis, grapevine red globe virus, and Thekopsora minima. Analysis of the proportion of new distribution records from 2022 indicated that grapevine red globe virus, sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus, and ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma vitis’ may have been actively spreading. As we saw last year, there was little overlap between the pathogens identified by reviewing scientific literature versus distribution records. We hypothesize that this lack of concordance is because of the unavoidable lag between first reports of the type reported in the CABI database of a pathogen in a new location and any subsequent major disease outbreaks being reported in the scientific literature, particularly because the latter depends on the journal policy on types of papers to be considered, whether the affected crop is major or minor, and whether the pathogen is of current scientific interest. Strikingly, too, there was also no overlap between species assessed to be actively spreading in this year's study and those identified last year. We hypothesize that this is because of inconsistencies in sampling coverage and effort over time and delays between the first arrival of a pathogen in a new location and its first report, particularly for certain classes of pathogens causing only minor or non-economically damaging symptoms, which may have been endemic for some time before being reported. In general, introduction of new pathogens and outbreaks of extant pathogens threaten food security and ecosystem services. Continued monitoring of these threats is essential to support phytosanitary measures intended to prevent pathogen introductions and management of threats within a country. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Development and Validation of an Automated, Real-Time Predictive Model for Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Ende Holly B. , Domenico Henry J. , Polic Aleksandra , Wesoloski Amber , Zuckerwise Lisa C. , Mccoy Allison B. , Woytash Annastacia R. , Moore Ryan P. , Byrne Daniel W. 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To develop and validate a predictive model for postpartum hemorrhage that can be deployed in clinical care using automated, real-time electronic health record (EHR) data and to compare performance of the model with a nationally published risk prediction tool.

METHODS:
A multivariable logistic regression model was developed from retrospective EHR data from 21,108 patients delivering at a quaternary medical center between January 1, 2018, and April 30, 2022. Deliveries were divided into derivation and validation sets based on an 80/20 split by date of delivery. Postpartum hemorrhage was defined as blood loss of 1,000 mL or more in addition to postpartum transfusion of 1 or more units of packed red blood cells. Model performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and was compared with a postpartum hemorrhage risk assessment tool published by the CMQCC (California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative). The model was then programmed into the EHR and again validated with prospectively collected data from 928 patients between November 7, 2023, and January 31, 2024.

RESULTS:
Postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 235 of 16,862 patients (1.4%) in the derivation cohort. The predictive model included 21 risk factors and demonstrated an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.79–0.84) and calibration slope of 1.0 (Brier score 0.013). During external temporal validation, the model maintained discrimination (AUC 0.80, 95% CI, 0.72–0.84) and calibration (calibration slope 0.95, Brier score 0.014). This was superior to the CMQCC tool (AUC 0.69 [95% CI, 0.67–0.70], P<.001). The model maintained performance in prospective, automated data collected with the predictive model in real time (AUC 0.82 [95% CI, 0.73–0.91]).

CONCLUSION:
We created and temporally validated a postpartum hemorrhage prediction model, demonstrated its superior performance over a commonly used risk prediction tool, successfully coded the model into the EHR, and prospectively validated the model using risk factor data collected in real time. Future work should evaluate external generalizability and effects on patient outcomes; to facilitate this work, we have included the model coefficients and examples of EHR integration in the article.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula Versus Noninvasive Ventilation as Initial Treatment in Acute Hypoxia: A Propensity Score-Matched Study
Authors: Munroe Elizabeth S. , Prevalska Ina , Hyer Madison , Meurer William J. , Mosier Jarrod M. , Tidswell Mark A. , Prescott Hallie C. , Wei Lai , Wang Henry , Fung Christopher M. 
Published: May 2024

IMPORTANCE:
Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with hypoxemia often have mixed or uncertain causes of respiratory failure. The optimal treatment for such patients is unclear. Both high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are used.

OBJECTIVES:
We sought to compare the effectiveness of initial treatment with HFNC versus NIV for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with HFNC or NIV within 24 hours of arrival to the University of Michigan adult ED from January 2018 to December 2022. We matched patients 1:1 using a propensity score for odds of receiving NIV.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
The primary outcome was major adverse pulmonary events (28-d mortality, ventilator-free days, noninvasive respiratory support hours) calculated using a win ratio.

RESULTS:
A total of 1154 patients were included. Seven hundred twenty-six (62.9%) received HFNC and 428 (37.1%) received NIV. We propensity score matched 668 of 1154 (57.9%) patients. Patients on NIV versus HFNC had lower 28-day mortality (16.5% vs. 23.4%, p = 0.033) and required noninvasive treatment for fewer hours (median 7.5 vs. 13.5, p < 0.001), but had no difference in ventilator-free days (median [interquartile range]: 28 [26, 28] vs. 28 [10.5, 28], p = 0.199). Win ratio for composite major adverse pulmonary events favored NIV (1.38; 95% CI, 1.15–1.65; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
In this observational study of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, initial treatment with NIV compared with HFNC was associated with lower mortality and fewer composite major pulmonary adverse events calculated using a win ratio. These findings underscore the need for randomized controlled trials to further understand the impact of noninvasive respiratory support strategies.
Prophylactic Antibiotics Delivered Via the Respiratory Tract to Reduce Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Systematic Review, Network Meta-Analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Jie , Lyu Shan , Luo Jian , Liu Ping , Albuainain Fai A. , Alamoudi Omar A. , Rochette Violaine , Ehrmann Stephan 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the effects of antibiotics delivered via the respiratory tract in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

DATA SOURCES:
We searched PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published in English up to October 25, 2023.

STUDY SELECTION:
Adult patients with mechanical ventilation of over 48 h and receiving inhaled or instilled antibiotics (with control group) to prevent VAP were included.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two independent groups screened studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to assess the certainty/quality of the evidence. Results of a random-effects model were reported for overall and predefined subgroup meta-analyses. The analysis was primarily conducted on randomized controlled trials, and observational studies were used for sensitivity analyses.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Seven RCTs with 1445 patients were included, of which six involving 1283 patients used nebulizers to deliver antibiotics. No obvious risk of bias was found among the included RCTs for the primary outcome. Compared with control group, prophylactic antibiotics delivery via the respiratory tract significantly reduced the risk of VAP (risk ratio [RR], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.53–0.89]), particularly in subgroups where aminoglycosides (RR, 0.67 [0.47–0.97]) or nebulization (RR, 0.64 [0.49–0.83]) were used as opposed to other antibiotics (ceftazidime and colistin) or intratracheal instillation. No significant differences were observed in mortality, mechanical ventilation duration, ICU and hospital length of stay, duration of systemic antibiotics, need for tracheostomy, and adverse events between the two groups. Results were confirmed in sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:
In adult patients with mechanical ventilation for over 48 h, prophylactic antibiotics delivered via the respiratory tract reduced the risk of VAP, particularly for those treated with nebulized aminoglycosides.
Comparing the Use of 80% Trichloroacetic Acid and 50% Trichloroacetic Acid for the Treatment of Ice Pick Acne Scars
Authors: Dac Thuy Luong Nguyen , Thuy Trang Vu Thi , Tran Nguyen Ngoc , Phuong Thao Doan Thi 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) using high concentration trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a safe, effective, and low-cost treatment for ice pick acne scars.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and effectiveness of the CROSS technique using 50% TCA and 80% TCA for treating ice pick scars.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A nonrandomized, single-blinded, and self-controlled clinical trial was undertaken. Four CROSS sessions were conducted using 50% TCA on the left hemiface and 80% TCA on the right hemiface. The E′ chelle d'Evaluation Clinique des Cicatrices d'Acne (ECCA) acne grading scale was used to assess the scars pretreatment and posttreatment. Complications were evaluated after each session.

RESULTS
Thirty-one patients participated in our study. Significant differences were found between pretreatment and posttreatment ECCA scores (p < .0001) on both hemifaces. Scores were significantly lower on the side treated with 80% TCA; however, there was no statistical significance in mean ECCA score differences (pretreatment minus posttreatment) between the 2 treatment sides. The adverse events were more serious on the sides treated with 80% TCA.

CONCLUSION
The CROSS method using TCA was well-tolerated and effective for treating ice pick acne scars. Less severe complications were associated with 50% TCA, whereas efficacy was the same as 80% TCA.
Grading the Whipple’s procedure: a strategy for structured skill advancement in surgical training
Authors: Limbu Yugal , Regmee Sujan , Adhikari Spandan D. , Mishra Aakash , Ghimire Roshan , Maharjan Dhiresh K. , Shrestha Suman , Thapa Prabin B. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The Whipple’s procedure or pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), is recognized for its technical intricacy in surgical practice. This study aims to categorize PD into four types based on procedural complexity and anticipated postoperative outcomes, intending to integrate this classification into the progressive training of surgical fellows.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, 242 PDs, performed by a single unit across multiple centers from January 2016 to December 2022, were categorized into four types based on technical complexity and extent of surgical intervention. These types were: Type 1 (dilated duct, firm pancreas), Type 2 (as Type 1 + vascular reconstruction), Type 3 (nondilated duct, soft pancreas), and Type 4 (as Type 3 + vascular reconstruction). The study assessed patient characteristics, surgical parameters, and perioperative morbidity and mortality, comparing the outcomes of the four PD types.

Results:
Type 1 PD was predominant (65.2%), with the lowest 30-day mortality (2.53%). Conversely, Type 4 PD, though least performed (3.3%), exhibited the highest mortality (25%) and major complications (25%). Statistically significant differences were noted in the incidence of clinically relevant-postoperative pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, and wound complications among the PD types, with overall surgical morbidity being higher in Types 3 and 4.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our data compellingly links morbidity, such as postoperative pancreatic fistula, with the technical challenges of the procedure, even though not all mortality can be attributed solely to surgical factors. The implementation of this system offers a structured approach to surgical training, paving the way for trainees to adeptly navigate and proficiently perform this complex surgical technique.
Benign Lobular Inner Nuclear Layer Proliferation associated with Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Boca Tarquin , Cohen Salomon Y. , Hermouet Elsabeth , Srour Mayer , Miere Alexandra 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To report two cases of benign intraretinal tumors of the inner nuclear layer (INL) associated with congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE).

Methods:
Multimodal imaging of two cases, including fundus color and autofluorescence photography, structural and en face spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), OCT-angiography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography.

Results:
During a routine examination, intraretinal tumors of the INL associated with several CHRPE lesions were observed in one eye of two male patients, aged 27 and 32 years, respectively. Multimodal imaging showed white multifocal lobulated lesions with arching extensions, located in the INL, which allowed diagnosing benign lobular inner nuclear layer proliferation (BLIP).

Conclusion:
BLIP is a rare benign tumor located in the INL with a unique pattern and only 4 cases have been reported to date. The present two cases allowed confirming that BLIP is associated with CHRPE, suggesting a concomitant developmental anomaly of the RPE and the inner retina.
P Value Reporting and Reliability in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Primer for Readers and Investigators
Authors: Fahmy Joseph N. , Colwell Amy S. , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: May 2024

Summary:
The P value is ubiquitous in research. However, misuse and misinterpretation are common. This article aims to demystify the P value for researchers, students, physicians, and experienced investigators alike. To accomplish this aim, the origins of the P value, what it represents, and principles of application are described through use of examples from real data sets. Developing understanding of the true meaning of this statistical measure has the power to improve and inform clinical research.
Extended Reduction Malarplasty for Asians with Flat and Wide Faces: Comparison with L-Shaped Osteotomy
Authors: Hattori Yoshitsugu , Uda Hirokazu , Mashiko Takanobu , Fukuta Keizo , Sugawara Yasushi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Reduction malarplasty is effective in correcting prominent zygomatic body and arch in Asian populations, but periorbital zygomatic bony protrusion may not be sufficiently improved. In this study, the authors present the extended reduction malarplasty procedures to correct it simultaneously and compare the outcome with that of conventional L-shaped osteotomy.

Methods:
A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent reduction malarplasty between August of 2021 and September of 2023 at the authors’ hospital was conducted. Computed tomographic images obtained before and after surgery were assessed to evaluate the facial skeletal changes, and to compare between the extended and conventional L-shaped malarplasty results.

Results:
Twenty patients with extended reduction malarplasty and 23 patients with conventional reduction malarplasty were eligible for the study. Cephalometric analyses showed significant reduction in the zygomatic width in both groups, but the protrusion of the periorbital area was improved significantly more in the extended reduction malarplasty group. In terms of facial angulation, the extended reduction malarplasty also provided more horizontal convexity in the periorbital area, whereas the angular change in the caudal part of the zygoma was not significantly different.

Conclusions:
The extended reduction malarplasty enabled reduction of the protrusion of the periorbital area and the prominent zygomatic body and arch, and provided more 3-dimensionality and horizontal convexity with the midface contour. It is a viable option for harmonizing the facial profile for Asian patients with flat and wide faces.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Refocusing the Military Health System to support Role 4 definitive care in future large-scale combat operations
Authors: Remondelli Mason H. , McDonough Matthew M. , Remick Kyle N. , Elster Eric A. , Potter Benjamin K. , Holt Danielle B. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe last 20 years of sustained combat operations during the Global War on Terror generated significant advancements in combat casualty care. Improvements in point-of-injury care, en route care, and forward surgical care appropriately aligned with the survival, evacuation, and return to duty needs of the small-scale unconventional conflict. However, casualty numbers in large-scale combat operations have brought into focus the critical need for modernized casualty receiving and convalescence: Role 4 definitive care. Historically, World War II was the most recent conflict in which the United States fought in multiple operational theaters, with hundreds of thousands of combat casualties returned to the continental United States. These numbers necessitated the establishment of a “Zone of the Interior,” which integrated military and civilian health care networks for definitive treatment and rehabilitation of casualties. Current security threats demand refocusing and bolstering the Military Health System's definitive care capabilities to maximize its force regeneration capacity in a similar fashion. Medical force generation, medical force sustainment and readiness, and integrated casualty care capabilities are three pillars that must be developed for Military Health System readiness of Role 4 definitive care in future large-scale contingencies against near-peer/peer adversaries.
Early detection of phlebitis among hematology-oncology patients: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Toh Shao Wei , Tamarra Ramil Marty Alicabo , Goh Ying Xuan , Chang Ya Qi , Hollen Valerie Tantiana , Ng Iris Xin Qi , Ahmad Noor Melati , Tho Poh Chi , Lee Yee Mei 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Peripherally-inserted venous catheters (PIVC) are essential for cancer patients to receive treatment. Phlebitis is a major complication of PIVC. Currently, nurses’ assessment of phlebitis mainly involves visual inspection. However, the latest literature suggests palpation for tenderness to promote the early detection of phlebitis.

Objectives:
This project evaluated the effectiveness of a bundle approach to increase nurses’ compliance with PIVC site assessment to promote early detection of phlebitis (grade 2 and above).

Methods:
The JBI Evidence Implementation Framework was used to conduct this project in a 28-bed hematology-oncology ward in a Singapore hospital. The bundle approach used in this project consisted of a training presentation, medical mannequin, and phlebitis scale card. The rate of nurses’ compliance with best practice for PIVC site assessment was measured at 1 month and 6 months post-implementation. The incidence of phlebitis was monitored up until 12 months post-implementation.

Results:
Baseline data indicated that only 18.75% (3 out of 16) nurses palpated for tenderness when assessing for phlebitis. Data at 1 month and 6 months post-implementation reported sustained high compliance rates of 85.71% (24 out of 28) and 89.29% (25 out of 28), respectively. Late detection of phlebitis was reduced by 66% (from three cases to one case) at 6 months post-implementation, and no patients required invasive interventions.

Conclusions:
The bundle approach used in this project facilitated early detection of phlebitis following the inclusion of palpation into nurses’ assessment for phlebitis.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A204
Divergent landscapes of A-to-I editing in postmortem and living human brain
Authors: Rodriguez de los Santos Miguel , Kopell Brian H. , Buxbaum Grice Ariela , Ganesh Gauri , Yang Andy , Amini Pardis , Liharska Lora E. , Vornholt Eric , Fullard John F. , Dong Pengfei , Park Eric , Zipkowitz Sarah , Kaji Deepak A. , Thompson Ryan C. , Liu Donjing , Park You Jeong , Cheng Esther , Ziafat Kimia , Moya Emily , Fennessy Brian , Wilkins Lillian , Silk Hannah , Linares Lisa M. , Sullivan Brendan , Cohen Vanessa , Kota Prashant , Feng Claudia , Johnson Jessica S. , Rieder Marysia-Kolbe , Scarpa Joseph , Nadkarni Girish N. , Wang Minghui , Zhang Bin , Sklar Pamela , Beckmann Noam D. , Schadt Eric E. , Roussos Panos , Charney Alexander W. , Breen Michael S. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTAdenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is a prevalent post-transcriptional RNA modification within the brain. Yet, most research has relied on postmortem samples, assuming it is an accurate representation of RNA biology in the living brain. We challenge this assumption by comparing A-to-I editing between postmortem and living prefrontal cortical tissues. Major differences were found, with over 70,000 A-to-I sites showing higher editing levels in postmortem tissues. Increased A-to-I editing in postmortem tissues is linked to higherADAR1andADARB1expression, is more pronounced in non-neuronal cells, and indicative of postmortem activation of inflammation and hypoxia. Higher A-to-I editing in living tissues marks sites that are evolutionarily preserved, synaptic, developmentally timed, and disrupted in neurological conditions. Common genetic variants were also found to differentially affect A-to-I editing levels in living versus postmortem tissues. Collectively, these discoveries illuminate the nuanced functions and intricate regulatory mechanisms of RNA editing within the human brain.