bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAÚDE MENTAL E APRENDIZAGEM: UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE PROCESSO DE ADOECIMENTO DE ESTUDANTE NA ESCOLA IEMS NA CIDADE DE MONTE SANTO BAHIA
Authors: Campos Josivalda dos Santos , Silva Elias Alves da 
Published: April 2024

O problema de saúde mental entre os jovens está sendo cada vez mais enfatizada pela (OMS), organização Mundial de Saúde, percebe-se a necessidade de um diálogo mais abrangente com os docentes ligados a estes novos contextos de aprendizagens. O presente artigo objetiva analisar o propósito de potencializar a reflexão e a mudança de atitudes relacionadas à saúde mental entre os estudantes na escola Instituto de Educação Monte Santo no município de Monte Santo, pretendemos apresentar uma discussão sobre casos de adoecimento de estudantes desta na cidade de Monte Santo, na busca de uma melhor percepção por parte dos docentes com intuído de contribuir para reduzir tabus, preconceitos e estigmas. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo através de formulários e entrevistas. Para tanto, se discorreu sobre as concepções e epistemologias que abarcam as definições das práticas educativa, pedagógica e docente, sob a direção alguns estudiosos como Barbier e Thiollent (2002), Arroyo (2000) e Wallon (1994), entre outros. No contexto educacional, é cada vez mais constante o número de alunos identificados com problemas de saúde mental (ansiedade, depressão, mal-estar psicológico, perturbações entre outros), a escolha deste tema justifica-se mediante situações vivenciadas nesse cotidiano, situação que causa prejuízos educacionais como baixo rendimento acadêmico e evasão escolar. Neste trabalho, busco analisar e pesquisar estratégias que possam auxiliar aos docentes contribuindo para o combate aos estigmas dos transtornos mentais e estimular os estudantes para o desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais que tenha significado para sua vida.
A hydrate reservoir renovation device and its application in nitrogen bubble fracturing
Authors: Lu Jingsheng , Yao Yuanxin , Li Dongliang , Yang Jinhai , Liang Deqing , Zhang Yiqun , Lin Decai , Ma Kunlin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Natural gas hydrate (GH) is a significant potential energy source due to its large reserves, wide distribution, high energy density, and low pollution. However, the gas production rate of past gas hydrate production tests is much lower than the requirement of commercial gas production. Reservoir stimulation technologies like hydraulic fractures provide one potential approach to enhance gas production from GH. The reservoir reformation behavior of the hydrate-bearing sediments (HBSs), particularly sediments with a high clay content, is a complex process during a hydraulic fracturing operation which has been poorly understood and thus hardly predictable. This paper presents an experimental facility that was developed to analyze the hydraulic fracture mechanism in synthesized HBSs. This facility can be used to form GH in sediments, conduct visual observation of hydraulic fracturing experiments, and measure the permeability of HBSs under high-pressure (up to 30 MPa) and low-temperature conditions (from 253.15 to 323.15 K). It is mainly composed of a pressure control and injection unit, a low temperature and cooling unit, a cavitation unit, a visual sapphire reactor, and a data acquisition and measurement unit. The hydraulic fracture module consists of a gas cylinder, fracturing pump, hopper, proppant warehouse, and valves. The sapphire reservoir chamber is applied to observe and measure the fracture of HBSs during hydraulic fracturing. The permeability test module is composed of a constant-flux pump and pressure sensors, which can evaluate the permeability performance before and after the hydraulic fracture in HBSs. The fundamental principles of this apparatus are discussed. Some tests were performed to verify hydraulic fracture tests, and permeability tests could be practically applied in the HBS exploitation.
A distributed-temperature-sensing-based soil temperature profiler
Authors: Schilperoort Bart , Jiménez Rodríguez César , van de Wiel Bas , Coenders-Gerrits Miriam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Storage change in heat in the soil is one of the main components of the energy balance and is essential in studying the land–atmosphere heat exchange. However, its measurement proves to be difficult due to (vertical) soil heterogeneity and sensors easily disturbing the soil. Improvements in the precision and resolution of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) equipment has resulted in its widespread use in geoscientific studies. Multiple studies have shown the added value of spatially distributed measurements of soil temperature and soil heat flux. However, due to the spatial resolution of DTS measurements (∼30 cm), soil temperature measurements with DTS have generally been restricted to (horizontal) spatially distributed measurements. This paper presents a device which allows high-resolution measurements of (vertical) soil temperature profiles by making use of a 3D-printed screw-like structure. A 50 cm tall probe is created from segments manufactured with fused-filament 3D printing and has a helical groove to guide and protect a fiber-optic (FO) cable. This configuration increases the effective DTS measurement resolution and will inhibit preferential flow along the probe. The probe was tested in the field, where the results were in agreement with the reference sensors. The high vertical resolution of the DTS-measured soil temperature allowed determination of the thermal diffusivity of the soil at a resolution of 2.5 cm, many times better than what is feasible using discrete probes. A future improvement in the design could be the use of integrated reference temperature probes, which would remove the need for DTS calibration baths. This could, in turn, support making the probes “plug and play” into the shelf instruments without the need to splice cables or experience in DTS setup design. The design can also support the integration of an electrical conductor into the probe and allow heat tracer experiments to derive both the heat capacity and the thermal conductivity over depth at high resolution.
Effect of Maternal Literacy on Immunization Completeness in Children Under 2 Years of Age – Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Saeed Usman , Saeed Asra , Matani Sandia , Shahzadi Iram , Saeed Hooriya , Shahid Fareeha 
Published: April 2024

Objective: To assess the association of different levels of education with complete immunization in children under 2 years of age.

Study Design and Setting: The study was cross sectional analytical and was carried by online survey of mothers living in Karachi. The study was conducted through a period of 4 months from May 2021 to August 2021.

Methodology: The sample size of 270 mothers was calculated using a 95% Confidence Level and using the Epi Info Application. The data was collected using a closed-ended online questionnaire via Google Forms. Due to the COVID – 19 pandemic, the questionnaires had to be distributed online. The data was analyzed using SPSS V23. The statistical test used was Fisher Exact Test to determine whether or not the relationship between maternal education and immunization rate was significant. .

Results: A total of 270 responses were recorded from mothers of various socio-economic statuses. It was observed that as the level of education increased from no formal education to a higher level of education, the percentage of children completely vaccinated increased from 76.9% to 92.7%. Upon statistical testing using Fisher Exact Test, the p-value was found to be 0.017 which is less than the alpha value of 0.05 showing that the relationship between the 2 variables is significant.

Conclusion: The study had shown that the children of mothers with a higher level of education were associated with a higher likelihood of being fully vaccinated than children of mothers with a lower level of education.
Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Risk Factors among Elderly in Rawalpindi, Pakistan: A cross-Sectional study
Authors: Khattak Hafsah Gul , Arshad Hafsah , Anwar Kinza , Ali Muhammad Qasim 
Published: April 2024

Objective: The study aimed to find out the prevalence of cognitive impairment and risk factors among elderly. Study Design and setting: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in elderly population of Rawalpindi. Methodology: The study was conducted from October 2020 to February 2021. After getting approval from the ethical committee, data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire. The sample of 446 participants, raised through nonprobability convenient sampling technique. Participants aged above 60 years, both genders were included however individuals who had severe head injury, depression, severe hearing and visual impairment, delirium and not willing to participate were excluded from study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Data was analyzed by using SPSS v24.

Results: Overall mean age of sample was 69±4.6 years. Overall prevalence of cognitive impairment was 35.4 %. Among them 134 (30%) had mild cognitive impairment and 24 (5.4%) had dementia. The prevalence of cognitive impairment increases with age being higher (64.2%) at 70 years and above than at 60-69 years of age. Females 82 (61%) had high prevalence of MCI than males 52 (39%). Age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, and physical activity were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics were applied. Pearson chi square of independence was used to find the association of various factors. The p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Conclusion: Cognitive impairment increases with the increasing age and was more prevalent among females. Hypertension, Diabetes, physical activity were modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment
Comparison of SOFA and qSOFA Scores in Predicting Infection and Mortality in HDU and ICU Patients at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Khan Sarah , Khan Jawad , Khan Shaista 
Published: April 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) and qSOFA (Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) in predicting infection and mortality in ICU (intensive care unit) and HDU (high dependency unit) patients admitted at a tertiary care center of excellence.

Study Design and Setting: Prospective observational non-interventional study. Anesthesia Department of Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from Jan 2023-Jun 2023.

Methodology: Patients in both ICU (n=220) and HDU (n=220) setups admitted with a suspicion of sepsis were evaluated for onset of sepsis and mortality. Primary variables studied were the sensitivity and specificity for both scores for predicting infection and mortality in the ICU and HDU. Positive predictive value for both scores were calculated as secondary variable. Results: While assessing the primary variables, the sensitivity of SOFA for predicting infection in the ICU was 25.6% with a specificity of 85.3% versus a sensitivity of 76.8% and specificity of 59.0% for qSOFA. In the HDU, It showed sensitivity and specificity with PPV for SOFA being 64.7%, 95.1% and 64.7% versus 79.3%, 85.3% and 46.9% for qSOFA respectively.

While assessing for mortality, SOFA values in the ICU for sensitivity, specificity and PPV were 81.8%, 93.5% and 69.2% versus 88.8%, 58.3% and 90.9% for qSOFA respectively.

Conclusion: We conclude that qSOFA to be good predictor of mortality in the HDU and SOFA with good specificity for infection and mortality in the ICU
Red Cell Parameters in Beta Thalassemia Trait; Comparison between Iron Deficient and Non-Deficient Carriers
Authors: Tahir Nazish , Khattak Saeed Akhtar Khan , Shaikh Ghulam Murtaza , Sajjad Zunera , Hanif Tamoor Bin , Jamal Nighat 
Published: April 2024

Objective: To compare hematological parameters in iron-deficient and non-deficient carriers of beta thalassemia trait. Study Design And Setting: Comparative cross-sectional study. This study was conducted at the Department of Hematology at PNS SHIFA Hospital, Karachi for six months (February 2023 to July 2023).

Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study included a total of 304 cases with beta thalassemia trait and was divided into two groups; the Iron-deficient (ID+) and iron-deficient (ID-) group. The study focused on red cell parameters i.e, Hemoglobin (Hb), TRBC, MCV, MCH and RDW. Haemoglobin Electrophoresis results of both groups were also compared. Descriptive statistics were expressed as mean ± SD and the Chi-square test was assigned. A p-value = 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Out of the total 304 subjects, 76 (25.0%) had iron deficiency, and 228 (75.0) had sufficient iron stores. Mean age of patients was 18 (Range: 3 – 35) years. HbA levels were similar in both the groups with p-value > 0.05. While all other parameters compared showed marked differences among the two groups and were found to be statistically significant. Hb, TRBC, MCV MCH showed lower values in the ID+ group while RDW was lower in the ID- group.

Conclusion: Red Cell parameters and HBA2 levels in beta thalassemia trait vary significantly among the iron deficient vs non-deficient group. Hence due consideration is needed in screening of beta thalassemia trait in patients with iron deficiency anemia.
Current Status of Neurorehabilitation Services in the OIC Countries: Results of an International Online Survey
Authors: Hassan Zuhaib , Rathore Farooq Azam , Mangat Sermad 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Neurorehabilitation services are not widely available to most persons with disability (PWD) in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries. This study aimed to document status of neurorehabilitation services in OIC countries. Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional online survey.

Methods: Self-administered online survey conducted using Google Forms. Key resource persons for each OIC country working in field of neurorehabilitation were identified from various databases. The questionnaire was emailed to 20 identified resource persons. The response rate was 60% (12/20).

Results: Neurorehabilitation services were available in 9 out of 12 surveyed countries. Only 2 countries reported providing access to neurorehabilitation services to 76-100% of their population. Five countries reported less than 25% of population had access to these services. Most commonly available neurorehabilitation services included services for stroke, spinal cord injury, pediatric neurorehabilitation, brain injury, and neuromuscular rehabilitation. Three countries had none of these specialized services. Five countries had neurorehabilitation training programs for physicians and other rehabilitation professionals. Patients had to pay out of pocket for these services in most of surveyed countries, followed by public funding and private insurance. Tele-neurorehabilitation and local disease-specific neurorehabilitation guidelines were not available in most of surveyed countries.

Conclusion: Neurorehabilitation services in OIC region are not widely available, with significant variability in availability and quality. There is a need to develop and improve these services. Sharing knowledge and expertise through various forms, such as exchange visits and online sessions, can help improve neurorehabilitation services in these countries
Clinical Characteristics, Prognostic Factors and Outcomes of Paediatric Patients with Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Aslam Sehar , Sadiq Nadeem , Nadeem Tariq , Arshed Awais , Atta Imrana , Minhas Kiran 
Published: April 2024

Objective: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a multi-system autoimmune disorder. The objective of this study was to find out the clinical characteristics and prognosis of paediatric patients with Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Study Design and setting: Cross sectional study conducted at Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from July 2021 to June 2023.

Methodology: Children with diagnosis of HLH were assessed by including patients who were aged = 13 years during hospitalization. All the patients who had not been diagnosed by using the HLH-2004 criteria were disqualified. Relevant findings were noted by evaluating records pertinent to physical examination, radiology and laboratory markers. Prognosis was assessed by determining the underlying clinical aetiology and whether patient-related factors modulated the overall life expectancy.

Results: A total of 32 patient records were evaluated. Mean age at diagnosis was 44.3 ± 39.1 months (Range: 1-132 months) with majority being males [n=23 (71.9%)]. The common clinical characteristics included fever [n=29 (90.6%)], lymphadenopathy [n=27 (84.4%)], splenomegaly [n=23 (71.9%)] and hepatomegaly [n=23 (71.9%)]. Serum ferritin, bilirubin, ALT, AST, and LDH were also raised. All patients were followed for a mean period of 12 months and 18 (56.3%) children failed to survive. Negative prognostic indicators included severe anaemia (p=0.001), neutropenia (p=0.007), thrombocytopenia (p=0.033), and hyperferritinemia (p<0.001). Elevation of liver enzymes (ALT: p<0.001; AST: p=0.031), serum bilirubin (p=0.037), and LDH (p<0.001) also indicated worse disease prognosis.

Conclusion: HLH in childhood is a potentially life-threatening disease and carries a significant association with deranged liver function
Psychological empowerment and its relationship to organizational anomie and enhancing creative behavior among employees in the Saudi Ministry of sports
Authors: Alibrahim Mohammed Shaab 
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological empowerment, organizational deviation and creative behavior among employees of the Saudi Ministry of sports. The researchers employed a descriptive approach specifically using a survey study method to collect data. The study sample consisted of 1480 participants who were deliberately selected from different categories within the study population. Data was collected using the psychological empowerment scale and questionnaires. The findings revealed that the level of psychological empowerment among employees of the Saudi Ministry of sports was determined to be 60.60%. Additionally, the level of organizational deviation was found to be 52.40% while the level of creative behavior was measured at 51.20%. The study also identified a significant relationship between psychological empowerment, organizational deviation and creative behavior. The study proposes several recommendations based on its findings. Firstly, it suggests promoting a culture of psychological empowerment within sports institutions to enhance organizational effectiveness and encourage employee creative behavior. This can be achieved through initiatives that empower individuals, give them autonomy and involve them in decision-making processes. Secondly, the study recommends the implementation of development and training programs for employees in sports institutions and departments. These programs should focus on reducing organizational disintegration and fostering creative behavior. Organizations can create an environment that supports innovation and collaboration by providing employees with the necessary skills and knowledge. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of respecting and considering employee motivations and behaviors in organizational management.
Åland, the Swedish People's Party, and the European Union: The Beginning of a Complicated Relationship
Authors: Akintug Hasan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study provides an analysis of the positioning of Ålandic political leadership vis-à-vis the demands of representation in the European Union (EU) and the corresponding reactions of the Swedish People's Party (SFP) during the referendums on EU membership. By analyzing news articles from 1994, this study shows that the SFP had already sought to establish for itself a mediating role between Ålandic expectations and the political realities on the Finnish mainland during the period leading up to membership in the EU. Founded in 1906, the SFP has traditionally branded itself as the flag bearer of Swedish interests in Finland. On face value, one would assume a lot of common political ground between the Ålandic political context and the Finland Swedish efforts to maintain equal status for Swedish as a national language in an overwhelmingly Finnish-speaking country. However, relations between the SFP and Åland have not always been smooth. Most notably, the party refused to support the Åland Movement's attempts to join Sweden between 1917 and 1921 and was firmly positioned with the other Finnish parties in supporting the claims of the Finnish state during the Åland question. While the rupture between Åland and the SFP never truly healed, they have been able to reestablish new forms of cooperation over the years. All members of parliament (MPs) elected from Åland have sat with the SFP MPs in the Swedish Parliamentary Group. Additionally, Members of the European Parliament (MEP) from the SFP that have been elected since 1995 have consistently hired political assistants from Åland and unlike the other Finnish parties, have been committed to the idea that Åland should get an MEP for itself. This study summarizes the historical modes of cooperation between the SFP and Åland, with particular focus on the SFP's positioning regarding Ålandic demands of representation during the EU membership referendum process. This article shows that EU membership has created a new forum for conflict and cooperation between Åland and the SFP through the struggle for representation in the EU organs, namely the European Parliament. This crucial historical period is analyzed through the lens of “sovereignty games,” which allows for an analysis of the paradiplomacy of an autonomous region within a nation state through a national minority party. As a result, this study highlights the need for a differentiated account of the political interdependence of the SFP and Åland and the importance of avoiding interpreting one side's perspective from the standpoint of the other.
Effectiveness of English Teaching as a Foreign Language (ETFL) in Pakistani Educational Institutions: Exploring Methods and Strategies to Address Challenges
Authors: Ahmad Ghalib Bilal 
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the effectiveness of English Teaching as a Foreign Language (ETFL) in various educational institutions across Pakistan, with a focus on schools in Lahore, Punjab. The qualitative research method was employed, and interviews were conducted in three different schools. The teachers and students were selected by purposive sampling to gauge the current methods and strategies employed in English language instruction. The initial phase involved posing identical questions to both teachers and students to ensure a comprehensive understanding of perspectives. Subsequently, the inquiry narrowed its focus, repeating the questions for the students exclusively. The research revealed explanatory implications, shedding light on the beliefs and attitudes of language instructors towards the teaching and learning of English as a second language. Additionally, the study proposed practical strategies for students to overcome challenges encountered in their language learning journey. For future research, a comparative analysis of urban and rural educational institutions in different regions of Pakistan may be investigated. Further, potential variations in teaching methods, resources, and challenges faced in diverse educational settings may be explored.