bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiographic Quantification of Thrombus in ST‐Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Presenting with an Occluded Infarct‐Related Artery and Its Relationship with Results of Percutaneous Intervention
Authors: MIRANDA‐GUARDIOLA FAUSTINO , ROSSI ANGELICA , SERRA ANTONIO , GARCIA BRUNO , RUMOROSO JOSÉ RAMÓN , ÍÑIGUEZ ANDRÉS , VAQUERIZO BEATRIZ , TRIANO JOSÉ LUIS , SIERRA GILBERTO , BRUGUERA JORDI ,   On behalf of the Spanish AMIcath Registry
Published: April 2009

Introduction: Routine thrombectomy has been advocated for ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but it is unknown how many patients present with a large thrombus. We aimed to quantify the intracoronary thrombus in STEMI and to correlate it with procedure results.
Methods: In 98 patients with STEMI and TIMI flow grades 0–2 in the infarct‐related artery, thrombus was qualified as small (ST) when its maximal dimension was <2 vessel diameters and large (LT) when ≥2. Main outcome measures were TIMI flow, myocardial blush grade (MBG), corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), and ST‐segment elevation resolution (STSER).
Results: Only a third of the patients presented with an LT. Thrombus grade was independent of the initial vessel patency. Diabetes (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.20–8.02, P = 0.027) and pretreatment with clopidogrel (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08–0.86, P = 0.034) were independent predictors of LT. LT was an independent predictor of unfavorable results: <3 TIMI flow (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.04–8.00, P = 0.043), MBG 0–1 (OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.10–10.26, P = 0.033), cTFC > 21 (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.09–7.49, P = 0.033) and <50% STSER (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.06–9.63, P = 0.039).
Conclusion: Only a third of STEMI patients present with an LT, being diabetes and lack of clopidogrel pretreatment independent predictors. An LT is strongly associated with worse PCI results.
Clinical Manifestation and Prognosis of Early versus Late Stent Thrombosis of Drug‐Eluting Stents
Authors: LEMESLE GILLES , DE LABRIOLLE AXEL , BONELLO LAURENT , MALUENDA GABRIEL , TORGUSON REBECCA , XUE ZHENYI , SATLER LOWELL F. , LINDSAY JOSEPH , PICHARD AUGUSTO D. , WAKSMAN RON 
Published: April 2009

Background: Stent thrombosis (ST) is a serious complication of drug‐eluting stents (DES), leading to catastrophic events. ST can occur early or late following the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with different possible consequences.
Methods: The records of 91 consecutive patients who presented with a definite ST (as defined by the Academic Research Consortium) from 2003 to 2007 were reviewed. Clinical presentation and outcome were compared based on the time of the event. Fifty‐one patients presented with an early ST versus 40 with a late ST. The primary end‐point was a composite of death‐recurrent myocardial infarction (MI)‐recurrent ST at 1 year.
Results: Baseline characteristics were similar. Patients with early ST had more initial stent implantation for an acute MI indication and presented more with cardiogenic shock when compared to patients with late ST: 43.1% versus 17.5% (P = 0.007) and 39.2% versus 20% (P = 0.042), respectively. There was no difference in the ST treatment except for more intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) use in the early ST group (28% vs. 10%, P = 0.034). Angiographic success rates were similar. The incidence of the composite primary end‐point was 52.9% in the early ST group versus 30% in the late ST group (P = 0.034).
Conclusion: Early definite ST is associated with more dramatic presentation and worse long‐term prognosis when compared with definite late ST. This could be explained at least in part by the occurrence of two successive MIs within 30 days in almost 45% of the patients with early ST, leading to a higher rate of cardiogenic shock.
Nationwide Trends in the Utilization of Multivessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (MVPCI) in the United States across Different Gender and Ethnicities
Authors: MOVAHED MOHAMMAD REZA , RAMARAJ RADHAKRISHNAN , JAMAL M. MAZEN , HASHEMZADEH MEHRTASH 
Published: April 2009

Background:
To evaluate nationwide trends in the utilization of Multivessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (MVPCI) in the past compared to recent years using a large database from 1988 to 2004.
Method: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was utilized to calculate the age‐adjusted rate for multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention (MVPCI) from 1988 to 2004. Specific ICD‐9‐CM codes for MVPCI were used to compile the data. Patient demographic data were also analyzed from the database.
Results: According to the NIS database, MVPCI was performed in 241,319 patients from 1988 to 2004. Males underwent MVPCI twice as many as compared to females (male: 67.87%, female 32.13%). The mean age for these patients was 64.89 ± 11.84 years old. From 1988, the age‐adjusted rate for MVPCI gradually increased to more than three times in 1998 [(6.62 per 100,000 (95%CI = 5.92–7.33) in 1988 to 23.92 per 100,000 (95%CI = 21.62–26.22, P < 0.01) in 1998] and accelerated to more than 6 times that of 1988 at the end of the study in 2004 (41.50 per 100,000 (95%CI = 37.84–45.16). In recent years, this trend was similar for both genders and ethnicities.
Conclusion: The utilization of MVPCI has increased six times from 1988 to 2004, with acceleration in recent years. The cause of this acceleration is most likely related to the advancement in the percutaneous coronary interventional techniques.
Hybrid Simulation Combining a High Fidelity Scenario with a Pelvic Ultrasound Task Trainer Enhances the Training and Evaluation of Endovaginal Ultrasound Skills
Authors: Girzadas Jr Daniel V. , Antonis Michael S. , Zerth Herb , Lambert Michael , Clay Lamont , Bose Sudip , Harwood Robert 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives:  In this study, an endovaginal ultrasound (US) task trainer was combined with a high‐fidelity US mannequin to create a hybrid simulation model. In a scenario depicting a patient with ectopic pregnancy and hemorrhagic shock, this model was compared with a standard high‐fidelity simulation during training sessions with emergency medicine (EM) residents. The authors hypothesized that use of the hybrid model would increase both the residents’ self‐reported educational experience and the faculty’s self‐reported ability to evaluate the residents’ skills.Methods:  A total of 45 EM residents at two institutions were randomized into two groups. Each group was assigned to one of two formats involving an ectopic pregnancy scenario. One format incorporated the new hybrid model, in which residents had to manipulate an endovaginal US probe in a task trainer; the other used the standard high‐fidelity simulation mannequin together with static photo images. After finishing the scenario, residents self‐rated their overall learning experience and how well the scenario evaluated their ability to interpret endovaginal US images. Faculty members reviewed video recordings of the other institution’s residents and rated their own ability to evaluate residents’ skills in interpreting endovaginal US images and diagnosing and managing the case scenario. Visual analog scales (VAS) were used for the self‐ratings.Results:  Compared to the residents assigned to the standard simulation scenario, residents assigned to the hybrid model reported an increase in their overall educational experience (Δ VAS = 10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4 to 18) and felt the hybrid model was a better measure of their ability to interpret endovaginal US images (Δ VAS = 17, 95% CI = 7 to 28). Faculty members found the hybrid model to be better than the standard simulation for evaluating residents’ skills in interpreting endovaginal US images (Δ VAS = 13, 95% CI = 6 to 20) and diagnosing and managing the case (Δ VAS = 10, 95% CI = 2 to 18). Time to reach a diagnosis was similar in both groups (p = 0.053).Conclusions:  Use of a hybrid simulation model combining a high‐fidelity simulation with an endovaginal US task trainer improved residents’ educational experience and improved faculty’s ability to evaluate residents’ endovaginal US and clinical skills. This novel hybrid tool should be considered for future education and evaluation of EM residents.
Reliability of the Color Analog Scale: Repeatability of Scores in Traumatic and Nontraumatic Injuries
Authors: Bulloch Blake , Garcia‐Filion Pam , Notricia David , Bryson Matt , McConahay Tom 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives:  The objective was to assess in a pediatric emergency department (ED) the reliability of the color analog scale (CAS) for acute pain assessment, overall and between traumatic and nontraumatic pain etiology.Methods:  This was a prospective study of children aged 5 to 16 years in the ED of a children’s hospital who had a complaint of pain. The CAS was administered to the patient at admission and at 30 minutes. To evaluate repeatability, a second measurement was obtained 1 minute following each assessment. This assumed there would be no substantial change in pain intensity within 1 minute. The authors used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to evaluate the repeatability of 1‐minute interval measurements.Results:  A total of 170 patients were enrolled. The origin of pain was traumatic in 81 cases (48%). Regardless of pain etiology, the CAS scores were highly repeatable (r = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95 to 0.98).Conclusions:  The color analog scale is both a valid and a reliable self‐reporting tool in the assessment of acute pain in children.
Development and Validation of the Excess Mortality Ratio–adjusted Injury Severity Score Using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition
Authors: Kim Jaiyong , Shin Sang Do , Im Tai Ho , Lee Kug Jong , Ko Sang Back , Park Ju Ok , Ahn Ki Ok , Song Kyoung Jun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives:  This study aimed to develop and validate a new method for measuring injury severity, the excess mortality ratio–adjusted Injury Severity Score (EMR‐ISS), using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition (ICD‐10).Methods:  An injury severity grade similar to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) was converted from the ICD‐10 codes on the basis of quintiles of the EMR for each ICD‐10 code. Like the New Injury Severity Score (NISS), the EMR‐ISS was calculated from three maximum severity grades using data from the Korean National Injury Database. The EMR‐ISS was then validated using the Hosmer‐Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit chi‐square (HL chi‐square, with lower values preferable), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC), and the Pearson correlation coefficient to compare it with the International Classification of Diseases 9th Edition–based Injury Severity Score (ICISS). Nationwide hospital discharge abstract data (DAD) from stratified‐sample general hospitals (n = 150) in 2004 were used for an external validation.Results:  The total number of study subjects was 29,282,531, with five subgroups of particular interest identified for further study: traumatic brain injury (TBI, n = 3,768,670), traumatic chest injury (TCI, n = 1,169,828), poisoning (n = 251,565), burns (n = 869,020), and DAD (n = 26,374). The HL chi‐square was lower for EMR‐ISS than for ICISS in all groups: 42,410.8 versus 55,721.9 in total injury, 7,139.6 versus 20,653.9 in TBI, 6,603.3 versus 4,531.8 in TCI, 2,741.2 versus 9,112.0 in poisoning, 764.4 versus 4,532.1 in burns, and 28.1 versus 49.4 in DAD. The AUC‐ROC for death was greater for EMR‐ISS than for ICISS: 0.920 versus 0.728 in total injury, 0.907 versus 0.898 in TBI, 0.675 versus 0.799 in TCI, 0.857 versus 0.900 in poisoning, 0.735 versus 0.682 in burns, and 0.850 versus 0.876 in DAD. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the two scores was −0.68 in total injury, −0.76 in TBI, −0.86 in TCI, −0.69 in poisoning, −0.58 in burns, and −0.75 in DAD.Conclusions:  The EMR‐ISS showed better calibration and discrimination power for prediction of death than the ICISS in most injury groups. The EMR‐ISS appears to be a feasible tool for passive injury surveillance of large data sets, such as insurance data sets or community injury registries containing diagnosis codes. Additional further studies for external validation on prospectively collected data sets should be considered.
Dimensional changes of the ridge contour after socket preservation and buccal overbuilding: an animal study
Authors: Fickl Stefan , Schneider David , Zuhr Otto , Hinze Marc , Ender Andreas , Jung Ronald E. , Hürzeler Markus B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the study was to volumetrically assess alterations of the ridge contour after socket preservation and buccal overbuilding.Material and Methods: In five beagle dogs, four extraction sites were subjected to one of the following treatments: Tx 1: The socket was filled with BioOss Collagen® and covered with a free gingival autograft from the palate (SP). Tx 2: The buccal bone plate was forced into a buccal direction using a manual bone spreader and SP was performed. Tx 3: The buccal bone plate was forced into a buccal direction using a manual bone spreader; SP was performed. Tx 4: The socket was filled with BioOss Collagen and a combined free gingival/connective tissue graft was used to cover the socket and for buccal tissue augmentation.Impressions were obtained at baseline, 2 weeks and 4 months post‐operatively. Casts were optically scanned and superimposed in one common coordinate system. Using digital image analysis, the volumetric differences per area among the different treatment time points and among the treatment groups were calculated.Results: Four months after tooth extraction, no statistically significant differences with regard to the buccal volume per area could be assessed among the treatment groups.Conclusion: Overbuilding the buccal aspect in combination with socket preservation is not a suitable technique to compensate for the alterations after tooth extraction.
Lack of short‐term adjunctive effect of systemic neridronate in non‐surgical periodontal therapy of advanced generalized chronic periodontitis: an open label‐randomized clinical trial
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Cei Silvia , Guerrero Adrian , La Ferla Fabio , Vano Michele , Tonetti Maurizio , Gabriele Mario 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAim: To determine if the adjunctive use of intra‐muscular neridronate (NE) during non‐surgical periodontal treatment (PT) provides, in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP), adjunctive benefits as compared with PT alone 3 months after the completion of a 3‐month NE therapy.Material and Methods: Sixty GCP healthy patients were randomly assigned to control (CG) or test group (TG). CG patients received PT only. Thirty subjects in TG also received adjunctive NE (12.5 mg in an i.m. injection/week for 3 months). Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, at the end of NE treatment (3 months after PT) and 3 months after the completion of NE treatment (6 months after the beginning of PT).Results: Groups were balanced at baseline and all clinical parameters showed improvement between baseline and follow‐ups. At 6 months improvements from baseline at sites with deep pocket depth (7 mm) were 3.2 mm [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7–3.9] in CG and 3.0 mm (95% CI: 2.3–3.8) in TG with a non‐significant difference of 0.2 mm (95% CI: −1.0–0.5; ancova; p=0.549) between groups. Secondary outcomes did not show significant differences between groups. No major adverse events were reported.Conclusions: The adjunctive use of NE during PT did not result in additional short‐term improvements in periodontal conditions of GCP patients when compared with PT.
The clinical course of chronic periodontitis: V. Predictive factors in periodontal disease
Authors: Schätzle Marc , Faddy Malcolm J. , Cullinan Mary P. , Seymour Gregory J. , Lang Niklaus P. , Bürgin Walter , Ånerud Åge , Boysen Hans , Löe Harald 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground: The factors associated with initial periodontitis are not well understood and cannot be identified by cross‐sectional studies.Aim: To identify the factors associated with the initiation of chronic periodontitis using ante‐dependence modelling.Material and Methods: A 26‐year longitudinal study of the natural history of periodontitis served as the basis for the study. In 1969, 565 Norwegian men aged 16–34 years were surveyed. Subsequent surveys were performed in 1971, 1973, 1975, 1981, 1988 and finally in 1995, with 223 remaining subjects. Plaque (PlI), gingival (GI) and calculus indices (CI) and loss of attachment (LoA) were recorded. Ante‐dependence modelling using a Markov chain enabled the results of this sequence of examinations to be analysed longitudinally, taking into account serial dependence, describing temporal changes in patients' levels of disease and allowing for both progression and regression between disease categories.Results: With age, the rate of disease regression decreased. Increasing calculus accumulation and smoking increased the rate of disease progression, while increasing GI increased the rate of regression.Conclusions: Increased mean CI and smoking were significant predictive covariates for progression, while increased mean GI and younger age predicted regression of initial periodontitis.
Mechanism and control of tooth eruption: overview and clinical implications
Authors: Proffit WR , Frazier‐Bowers SA 
Published: April 2009

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Proffit WR, Frazier‐Bowers SAObjectives –  To review pre‐ and post‐emergent eruption, with particular emphasis on distinguishing isolated molar ankylosis from primary failure of eruption (PFE) and genetic considerations in eruption problems.Material and Methods –  Radiographic review of eruption failure patients; animal and human experiments; high precision observations of movements of erupting teeth.Results –  In pre‐emergent tooth eruption, the controlling element is the rate of resorption of overlying structures. A path is cleared, and then the erupting tooth moves along it. This has clinical importance in recognizing the cause of eruption problems, particularly PFE, in which all teeth distal to the most mesial involved tooth do not erupt or respond to orthodontics. In our study of by far the largest sample of PFE cases yet reported, familial cases of PFE accounted for approximately ¼ of all cases examined. Candidate genes now are being evaluated. In post‐emergent eruption, control seems to be light forces of long duration that oppose eruption, rather than heavy forces of short duration such as those during mastication. Studies of human premolars in their passage from gingival emergence to the occlusal plane show that in this phase eruption occurs only during a few hours in the early evening. The critical hours for eruption parallel the time that growth hormone levels are highest in a growing child. In this stage intermittent force does not affect the rate of eruption, but changes in periodontal blood flow do affect it.
Genetic analysis of familial non‐syndromic primary failure of eruption
Authors: Frazier‐Bowers SA , Simmons D , Koehler K , Zhou J 
Published: April 2009

Structured AbstractAuthors – Frazier‐Bowers SA, Simmons D, Koehler K, Zhou JObjectives – While some eruption disorders occur as part of a medical syndrome, primary failure of eruption (PFE) – defined as a localized failure of secondary tooth eruption – exists without systemic involvement. Recent studies support that heredity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PFE. The objective of our human genetic study is to investigate the genetic contribution to PFE.Materials and Methods – Four candidate genes POSTN, RUNX2, AMELX, and AMBN) were investigated because of their relationship to tooth eruption or putative relationship to each other. Families and individuals were ascertained based on the clinical diagnosis of PFE. Pedigrees were constructed and analyzed by inspection to determine the mode of inheritance in four families. The candidate genes were directly sequenced for both unrelated affected individuals and unaffected individuals. A genome wide scan using 500 microsatellite markers followed by linkage analysis was carried out for one family.Results – Pedigree analysis of families suggests an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with complete penetrance and variable expressivity. Sequence analysis revealed two non‐functional polymorphisms in the POSTN gene and no other sequence variations in the remaining candidate genes. Genotyping and linkage analysis of one family yielded a LOD score of 1.51 for markers D13S272; D15S118 and D17S831 on chromosomes 13, 15 and 17 respectively.Conclusions – While LOD scores were not significant evidence of linkage, extension of current pedigrees and novel SNP chip technology holds great promise for identification of a causative locus for PFE.
Conventional wisdom and the surgical exposure of impacted teeth
Authors: Becker A. , Casap N. , Chaushu S. 
Published: April 2009

Structured AbstractAuthors – Becker A, Casap N, Chaushu SObjectives – To provide evidence against the notion that direct contact between the crown of an impacted tooth and alveolar bone is an impediment to orthodontically assisted eruption of teeth.Setting and Sample Population – The Department of Orthodontics at the Hebrew University‐Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, in Jerusalem, Israel, and the private practices of the authors.Materials and Methods – Patients reported were those affected by impacted teeth, including individuals who were normal healthy patients, with and without resorption of the adjacent incisor roots, as well as individuals suffering from Cleidocranial dysplasia and increased bone density, and individuals with autogenous and synthetic bone grafts. A closed eruption surgical technique was used in which only a small window was opened into the dental follicle of the impacted tooth, leaving a maximum amount of bone covering much of the crown surface. Orthodontic extrusion forces were then applied.Results – For all teeth, enamel‐to‐bone contact did not prevent a rapid response to the extrusive forces.Conclusion – Radical removal of bone during the exposure of an impacted tooth is unnecessary and potentially may be harmful in terms of the periodontal prognosis of an otherwise successfully treated outcome.
Regulation of mechanical signals in bone
Authors: Judex S , Gupta S , Rubin C 
Published: April 2009

Structured AbstractAuthors – Judex S, Gupta S, Rubin CObjectives – Response of the skeleton to application and removal of specific mechanical signals is discussed. Anabolic effects of high‐frequency, low‐magnitude vibrations, a mechanical intervention with a favorable safety profile, as well as the modulation of bone loss by genetic and epigenetic factors during disuse are highlighted.Methods – Review.Results – Bone responds to a great variety of mechanical signals and both high‐ and low‐magnitude stimuli can be sensed by the skeleton. The ability of physical signals to influence bone morphology is strongly dependent on the signal’s magnitude, frequency, and duration. Loading protocols at high signal frequencies (vibrations) allow a dramatic reduction in the magnitude of the signal. In the axial skeleton, these signals can be anabolic and anti‐catabolic and increase the structural strength of the tissue. They further have shown potential in maxillofacial applications to accelerate the regeneration of bone within defects. Bone's sensitivity to the application and removal of mechanical signals is heavily under the control of the genome. Bone loss modulated by the removal of weight‐bearing from the skeleton is profoundly influenced by factors such as genetics, gender, and baseline morphology.Conclusions – Adaptation of bone to functional challenges is complex but it is clear that more is not necessarily better and that even very low‐magnitude mechanical signals can be anabolic. The development of effective biomechanical interventions in areas such as orthodontics, craniofacial repair, or osteoporosis will require the identification of the specific components of bone's mechanical environment that are anabolic, catabolic, or anti‐catabolic.