bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Experience Using the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability for Identification of Patients at Risk for Aspiration in a Mixed-Disease Population
Authors: González-Fernández Marlís , Sein Michael T. , Palmer Jeffrey B. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose
To determine the clinical performance characteristics of the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) for predicting aspiration (determined by videofluoroscopic swallowing study [VFSS]) in a mixed population.

Method
We selected 133 cases clinically evaluated using MASA and VFSS from January through June 2007. Ordinal risk rating (ORR) and total numeric score (TNS) were evaluated as predictors of aspiration on VFSS. To account for missing items, the maximum possible score was determined and a weighted percentage score calculated for each patient. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to compare the sensitivity and specificity of ORR and TNS for predicting aspiration.

Results
VFSS identified 51 (38.4%) aspirators, while ORR identified 54 (40.6%) as probable or definite aspiration and TNS 19 (14.3%) as moderate to severe aspiration risk. ROC analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.74, 95% CI [0.66, 0.82], for ORR and 0.51, 95% CI [0.41, 0.61], for TNS. These ROC scores suggest that the MASA ORR is better at predicting aspiration on VFSS than the numeric score.

Conclusion
In this sample, the subjective ORR had good predictive ability, while the percentage TNS failed to predict aspiration on VFSS. The MASA ORR assessment was a better predictor for a patient’s aspiration risk in this population.
The Impact of Teacher Responsivity Education on Preschoolers' Language and Literacy Skills
Authors: Cabell Sonia Q. , Justice Laura M. , Piasta Shayne B. , Curenton Stephanie M. , Wiggins Alice , Turnbull Khara Pence , Petscher Yaacov 
Published: November 2011

Purpose
This study examined the extent to which teacher responsivity education affected preschoolers' language and literacy development over an academic year. Additional aims were to determine whether children’s initial language abilities and teachers' use of responsivity strategies were associated with language outcomes, in particular.

Method

In this randomized controlled trial, preschool centers were assigned to a responsivity education intervention (
n
= 19 centers, 25 teachers, and 174 children) or a “business-as-usual” control condition (
n
= 19 centers, 24 teachers, and 156 children). Teachers within the intervention centers received training focused on a set of strategies designed to promote children’s engagement and participation in extended conversational interactions across the school day.

Results
Hierarchical linear models showed no main effects on children’s language skills, although moderating effects were observed such that the intervention appeared to have positive effects for children with relatively high initial language abilities. In addition, teacher use of responsivity strategies was positively associated with vocabulary development. With regard to children’s literacy skills, there was a significant main effect of the intervention on print-concept knowledge.

Conclusions
Although teacher responsivity education is viewed as benefitting children’s language and literacy development, the impacts of this type of intervention on children’s skills warrant further investigation.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170192
High
T

c

electron doped Ca
10
(Pt
3
As
8
)(Fe
2
As
2
)
5
and Ca
10
(Pt
4
As
8
)(Fe
2
As
2
)
5
superconductors with skutterudite intermediary layers
Authors: Ni Ni , Allred Jared M. , Chan Benny C. , Cava Robert Joseph 
Published: November 2011

It has been argued that the very high transition temperatures of the highest
T

c

cuprate superconductors are facilitated by enhanced CuO
2
plane coupling through heavy metal oxide intermediary layers. Whether enhanced coupling through intermediary layers can also influence
T

c

in the new high
T

c

iron arsenide superconductors has never been tested due the lack of appropriate systems for study. Here we report the crystal structures and properties of two iron arsenide superconductors, Ca
10
(Pt
3
As
8
)(Fe
2
As
2
)
5
(the “10-3-8 phase”) and Ca
10
(Pt
4
As
8
)(Fe
2
As
2
)
5
(the “10-4-8 phase”). Based on -Ca-(Pt

n

As
8
)-Ca-Fe
2
As
2
- layer stacking, these are very similar compounds for which the most important differences lie in the structural and electronic characteristics of the intermediary platinum arsenide layers. Electron doping through partial substitution of Pt for Fe in the FeAs layers leads to
T

c

of 11 K in the 10-3-8 phase and 26 K in the 10-4-8 phase. The often-cited empirical rule in the arsenide superconductor literature relating
T

c

to As-Fe-As bond angles does not explain the observed differences in
T

c

of the two phases; rather, comparison suggests the presence of stronger FeAs interlayer coupling in the 10-4-8 phase arising from the two-channel interlayer interactions and the metallic nature of its intermediary Pt
4
As
8
layer. The interlayer coupling is thus revealed as important in enhancing
T

c

in the iron pnictide superconductors.
In vitro reconstitution and steady-state analysis of the fatty acid synthase from
Escherichia coli
Authors: Yu Xingye , Liu Tiangang , Zhu Fayin , Khosla Chaitan 
Published: November 2011

Microbial fatty acid derivatives are emerging as promising alternatives to fossil fuel derived transportation fuels. Among bacterial fatty acid synthases (FAS), the
Escherichia coli
FAS is perhaps the most well studied, but little is known about its steady-state kinetic behavior. Here we describe the reconstitution of
E. coli
FAS using purified protein components and report detailed kinetic analysis of this reconstituted system. When all ketosynthases are present at 1 μM, the maximum rate of free fatty acid synthesis of the FAS exceeded 100 μM/ min. The steady-state turnover frequency was not significantly inhibited at high concentrations of any substrate or cofactor. FAS activity was saturated with respect to most individual protein components when their concentrations exceeded 1 μM. The exceptions were FabI and FabZ, which increased FAS activity up to concentrations of 10 μM; FabH and FabF, which decreased FAS activity at concentrations higher than 1 μM; and
holo
-ACP and TesA, which gave maximum FAS activity at 30 μM concentrations. Analysis of the S36T mutant of the ACP revealed that the unusual dependence of FAS activity on
holo
-ACP concentration was due, at least in part, to the acyl-phosphopantetheine moiety. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of the reaction mixture further revealed medium and long chain fatty acyl-ACP intermediates as predominant ACP species. We speculate that one or more of such intermediates are key allosteric regulators of FAS turnover. Our findings provide a new basis for assessing the scope and limitations of using
E. coli
as a biocatalyst for the production of diesel-like fuels.
Electromyography activities for shoulder muscles over various movements on different torque changes
Authors: Park Siyoung , Nho Hosung , Chang Myoung‐Jei , Kim Jong‐Kyung 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the patterns of shoulder muscle activation and joint torques during maximal effort eccentric contractions with shoulder extension, abduction, and diagonal movements on the isokinetic device. Participants in this investigation were nine men and four women with no history of shoulder injury or disorders. They all participated in overhead sports at least three days a week, and volunteered to participate in this study for shoulder isokinetic muscle strength testing. They performed eccentric muscle action with shoulder flexion, abduction, and diagonal movements at velocities of 60 rad·s−1 and 180 rad· s−1, which was followed alternately by passive shoulder flexion, abduction and diagonal movement at a velocity of 30 rad· s−1, and total range of motion was standardised to 90°. Electromyography (EMG) and torque values were calculated to every 10°, except for the start and end 5° during each task. During each test, the isokinetic force output and muscle activation were synchronised. EMG data were normalised by percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). EMG signals were recorded by surface EMG from the anterior deltoid (AD), middle deltoid (MD), posterior deltoid (PD), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), and biceps brachii (BB) muscles during this test. All of the muscle patterns were significantly decreased at the last compared with the initial part during eccentric shoulder flexion movement, except for the BB muscle (P < 0.05). AD and BB muscles played a similar role when peak torque was generated under load during eccentric muscle action with varying shoulder movements. PD and UT muscle activities were significantly lower than the other muscle activities during eccentric contraction with shoulder flexion and abduction movements, and the PD and UT muscles played a significant role in conjunction with MD and MT muscles in varying degrees during eccentric contraction with shoulder diagonal movements at 180 rad·s−1 (P < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that MT muscle activity was greatly influenced when torque values showed a peak moment under load during maximum effort, eccentric contraction with shoulder abduction and diagonal movements. However, the MD, PD, UT, and MT muscle activities had no great influence when peak torque was generated under load during eccentric muscle action with shoulder diagonal movement at high velocity. The present study suggested that varying eccentric muscle activity patterns may be needed to investigate proper training and functional contributions of upper extremity muscles to stabilisation of the shoulder joint when peak torque was generated under load.
Quantification of the manifestations of fatigue during treadmill running
Authors: Stirling Lisa M. , Von Tscharner Vinzenz , Fletcher Jared R. , Nigg Benno M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDuring whole‐body exercise, fatigue is difficult to quantify; however, changes to mechanical, physiological and psychological systems during exercise are associated with the development of fatigue. To quantify fatigue, one must therefore assess changes occurring in these variables. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a method to assign weightings to selected variables and to combine them into a single value quantifying changes occurring during exercise. Twelve female recreational runners performed one hour of treadmill running, during which heart rate, respiration rate, stride frequency and six selected psychological variables were collected at defined intervals throughout the run. Data were normalised and a principle component analysis was performed. The resulting first eigenvector was termed the “contribution vector” and indicated the weighting of each variable towards the global exercise‐induced changes in the body. The projection of data onto the contribution vector resulted in a value described as the “fatigue index”. An assessment of the generalisation of the method to new data was performed using a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation procedure and indicated that the index is accurate to within 3.01% of the maximum index value measured. The method developed here has the advantage over current methods due to its multifactorial, causal and customisable nature.
Acute effects of whole‐body vibrations on balance, maximal force and perceived exertion: Vertical platform versus oscillating platform
Authors: García‐López David , Garatachea Nuria , Marín Pedro J. , Martín Teresa , Herrero Azael J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo investigate the effects of acute whole body vibration (WBV) intervention on body balance, neuromuscular performance and perceived exertion two types of vibration platforms were compared: vertical platform (VP) and oscillating platform (OP). Forty‐four healthy college students (35 men and nine women) were exposed on different days to two types of WBV platforms (VP and OP). Electromyography activity (EMG) of six muscle groups was recorded while standing in squat position on the vibrating platform during five 1‐min sets. Balance, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded immediately after the WBV exposure. The OP protocol induced a significantly higher change in balance than VP protocol, as shown by variations in displacement area of the centre of pressure (+25.5% versus –5.5% for OP and VP, respectively). Moreover, RPE scores were significantly higher during OP than VP (+13.2%; P<0.05). No changes were observed concerning MVIC. WBV exposure induces changes in static body balance, these changes being larger when the vibratory stimulus is provided by an OP in comparison to a VP. Moreover, the perceptual response is higher with the OP. Aspects related to direction of vibration or amplitude could explain this acute effect.
Effect of creatine plus caffeine supplements on time to exhaustion during an incremental maximum exercise
Authors: Lee Chia Lun , Lin Jung Charng , Cheng Ching Feng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of acute caffeine ingestion following short‐term creatine supplementation on an incremental cycling to exhaustion task. Twelve active males performed the task under three conditions: baseline condition (BASE, no ergogenic aid), creatine plus caffeine condition (CRE + CAF), and creatine with placebo condition (CRE + PLA). Following the establishment of BASE condition, participants were administered CRE + CAF (0.3 g·kg−1·day−1 of creatine for 5 days followed by 6 mg·kg−1 of caffeine 1 h prior to testing) and CRE + PLA (0.3 g·kg−1·day−1 of creatine for 5 days followed by 6 mg·kg−1 of placebo 1 h prior to testing) in a double‐blind, randomized crossover and counterbalancing protocol. No significant differences were observed in relative maximal oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O2max) (51.7±5.5, 52.8±4.9 and 51.3±5.6 ml·kg−1·min−1 for BASE, CRE + CAF and CRE + PLA, respectively; P>0.05) and absolute [Vdot]O2max (3.6±0.4, 3.7±0.4 and 3.5±0.5 l·min−1 for BASE, CRE + CAF and CRE + PLA, respectively; P>0.05). Blood samples indicated significantly higher blood lactate and glucose concentrations in the CRE + CAF among those in the BASE or CRE + PLA condition during the test (P<0.05). The time to exhaustion on a cycling ergometer was significantly longer for CRE + CAF (1087.2±123.9 s) compared with BASE (1009.2±86.0 s) or CRE + PLA (1040.3±96.1 s). This study indicated that a single dose of caffeine following short‐term creatine supplementation did not hinder the creatine–caffeine interaction. In fact, it lengthened the time to exhaustion during an incremental maximum exercise test. However, this regime might lead to the accumulation of lactate in the blood.
Ventilatory response during an incremental exercise test: A mode of testing effect
Authors: Power Geoffrey A. , Handrigan Grant A. , Basset Fabien A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study compared ventilation patterns during incremental load tests to exhaustion. Ten endurance trained individuals and eight recreationally active trained individuals underwent a maximal oxygen uptake (O2max) determination test on both a cycle (CE) and treadmill (TM) ergometer. Cardiorespiratory variables O2,CO2, RER, E, and R), movement frequency (MF) and entrainment (ENT) were collected and calculated relative to fixed percentages of O2max (isometabolic), ranging from 60 to 100%. Minute ventilation ( E) was similar between groups on both ergometers. Concurrently, VT was significantly higher, while R was significantly lower on the CE compared to the TM in both groups (P<0.05). At isometabolic intensities there were no difference in R or ENT between groups or mode of testing while the endurance trained group reached higher VT values on the CE. Although the endurance trained group reached higher cardiorespiratory values compared to the recreationally active trained group, their ventilatory patterns were similar between modes of testing. These results seem to be dependent on the exercise modality and not necessarily the type of training individuals regularly participate in.
Supervised slackline training improves postural stability
Authors: Pfusterschmied Jürgen , Buchecker Michael , Keller Martin , Wagner Herbert , Taube Wolfgang , Müller Erich 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe present study investigated whether or not four weeks of supervised slackline training (SLT) performed on nylon webbing improves postural stability. Twenty‐four healthy adults participated in the study and were assigned to either SLT (n=12) or a control (CON) group (n=12). The SLT group completed a four week training program, while the CON group received no training. Centre of gravity (COG) and joint angles (ankle, knee and hip) were calculated using whole body three‐dimensional (3D) kinematic measurements during single leg standing on a stable surface (SS) and on a perturbed surface (PS) before and after training. After SLT, a significant interaction was found for the SS condition in anterior‐posterior COG mean velocity, whereas no changes were observed in the medio‐lateral direction or in joint kinematics. In the PS condition, the medio‐lateral COG mean velocity, frontal angular range of motion in the knee and hip joint, sagittal angular mean velocity in the knee joint, as well as frontal angular mean velocity in the hip joint were reduced in the SLT group only (all P<0.05). No significant training effects were detected in the ankle joint kinematics in either group from pre to post test. Our findings demonstrate that four weeks of supervised SLT improves postural stability in single leg stance on a stable surface and/or during compensation of perturbations.
Pre‐cooling for football training and competition in hot and humid conditions
Authors: Duffield Rob , Coutts Aaron , McCall Alan , Burgess Darren 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPre‐cooling studies report positive physiological and performance benefits in laboratory conditions, although research studies have not investigated these reported benefits in ecologically valid team‐sport training and competition settings. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of field‐based pre‐cooling strategies for professional football players during training and competition in the heat. Ten professional football players from an Australian A‐League club performed two training sessions and competitive matches in hot ambient conditions (29±3oC, 78±8% relative humidity) with or without pre‐cooling. The pre‐cooling intervention involved 20‐min of an ice‐vest, cold towels and 350 mL ice‐slushie drink. Training sessions (n=9) were randomised, and consisted of 2 × 10‐min interval training, followed by 6 × 3‐min of 5v5 small sided games. Competitions (n=7) involved official A‐League matches during the 2009–10 season. Player movement characteristics, core temperature (gastrointestinal), skin temperature, nude mass, heart rate, capillary blood (glucose, K+, Na+, haematocrit), perceptual exertion and thermal stress measures were recorded. No significant differences (P>0.05) were present between conditions for any measure of physical performance, although moderate‐large effects for a greater total and relative distance covered during training were present (d > 0.8). While mean skin temperature was reduced following cooling, core temperature was only lower until following the warm‐up in training and was even less evident during matches (P>0.05; d < 0.6). However, a smaller change in mass (sweat loss) and reduced perceptual exertion and thermal stress were evident during training following cooling (d > 0.9), although again, to a much lesser extent in matches (d = 0.6). In conclusion, equivocal findings were present for the effects of pre‐cooling for professional football players during competitive training and matches in the heat. However, performance and thermoregulatory response trends showed similarities to previous laboratory evidence. The field‐based nature of the current study may highlight that the transfer of lab findings to field settings is difficult or the strength of the intervention is diminished by the settings.
The influence of relative age on the composition of professional soccer squads
Authors: Ostapczuk Martin , Musch Jochen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChildren born shortly after the cut‐off date applying for age grouping in minor sports profit from being able to remain for almost an additional year in their respective age group compared to those born later in the same year. A shift of the cut‐off date in German youth soccer in 1997 allowed us to investigate the effect of a favourable relative age as well as the effect of a change of the cut‐off date on the birth‐date distribution of soccer players in the Bundesliga (Division 1), the highest professional soccer league in Germany. Both the cut‐off date and the change of the cut‐off date exerted a significant influence on the composition of professional senior squads. In the 1997/98 season, there was an overrepresentation of players profiting from the old cut‐off date of 1 August. In the 2007/08 season, 10 years after the change of the cut‐off date, there was an overrepresentation of players born shortly after the new cut‐off date of 1 January. This pattern of results shows that owing to the cut‐off dates applying in youth soccer, the date of birth of young players systematically influences their later professional success and career.
Technical performance effectiveness subsequent to complex motor skills training in young boxers
Authors: El Ashker Said 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBoxing is a sport that comprises a wide variety of integrated offensive, defensive and counter‐attack skills performed in an unpredictable environment. Mastering the variety of complex motor skills (CMS) that are required in a boxing match allows the player to employ the best motor performance in most positions of the actual game. This study aimed to assess the associations between implementing CMS versus simple motor skill (SMS) training and the subsequent changes in physical, technical and technical performance effectiveness (TPE) variables in junior boxers. We employed an experimental design that comprised two groups (each 20 males, mean age = 15.22±0.62 years). For 12 weeks, intervention boxers received CMS training, while controls received traditional SMS training. Physical, technical and TPE variables were measured before and after the training programs. Although the two groups were of similar abilities at baseline, there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the intervention and control boxers in the post measures, to the advantage of the intervention group. In terms of absolute (i.e. differences in) or relative (i.e. ratios of) improvements, the intervention group exhibited more favourable values across the variables, and better performance. Developing CMS of junior boxers could contribute positively to their physical and technical abilities, and enhance their TPE.