bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability of dietary sodium copper chlorophyllin and its effect on antioxidant defence parameters of Wistar rats
Authors: Gomes Bárbara B , Barros Sílvia BM , Andrade‐Wartha Elma RS , Silva Ana MO , Silva Vanessa V , Lanfer‐Marquez Ursula M 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: There has been growing interest in sodium copper chlorophyllin (Cu‐Chl) as a food colourant and supplement owing to its beneficial biological activities. Studies have revealed that this green pigment inhibits experimental carcinogenesis and interacts with proteins and genotoxic agents. Health‐related activities have also been associated with the prevention of lipid peroxidation. However, intestinal absorption of this pigment has been considered insignificant, raising questions of whether eventual biological properties are related to pre‐ or post‐absorptive actions. In this study, intestinal absorption of Cu‐Chl and its appearance in serum and organs were estimated by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis in rat feeding experiments. The effect of ingested Cu‐Chl on lipid peroxidation was analysed by measuring thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances and antioxidant enzyme activities in hepatic and brain tissues of oxidative stress‐induced rats.RESULTS: The two main components of commercial Cu‐Chl, namely Cu‐chlorin e6 and Cu‐chlorin e4, showed different digestive behaviours, and only Cu‐chlorin e4 was found in serum, liver and kidneys. Antioxidant activity in vivo could be observed in brain and seemed to be related to in situ protection but not to antioxidant enzyme modulation.CONCLUSION: As at least one of the major components of Cu‐Chl is effectively absorbed, further pharmacokinetic studies are encouraged to access absorption rates and the role of ingested copper chlorophyllins in mammals. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Biological variation in the colour development of Golden Delicious apples in the orchard
Authors: Tijskens LMM , Unuk Tatjana , Tojnko Stanislav , Hribar Janez , Simčič Marjan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: In managing apple orchards, crop load and rate of nitrogen (N) fertilisation are two factors with a significant influence on fruit quantity and quality, because they affect all physiological processes in the tree. Both factors are strongly related to external and internal fruit quality, especially to skin colour, sugar and acid contents and mineral composition, and consequently to the keeping quality of fruits. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of both factors (three crop load levels and two N fertilisation levels) on the colour development of Golden Delicious apples during the last month on the tree in two consecutive seasons. Data on skin colour (L*, a*, b* values) were analysed using nonlinear mixed effects modelling to extract information on the variation in biological shift factor for colour and to link this variation to the different strategies used concerning N fertilisation and crop load.RESULTS: The major source of information is contained in the a* value. The behaviour of the a* value could be described by a logistic or an exponential model depending on the season and the experimental set‐up. Nonlinear mixed effects analysis estimating the biological shift factor (maturity) for each individual fruit (random effect) while estimating the rate constant of the decolouration process in common (fixed effect) resulted in explained parts well over 95%.CONCLUSION: The variation in maturity stage between individual fruits is large. Season has the most profound effect on the estimated values, far more important than that of crop load or fertilisation level. The magnitude of variation in colour due to crop load and N fertilisation is not too large. Its effect on the maturity stage of fruits is more profound: the higher the crop load, the higher the variation. The effect of fertilisation seems to be opposite: the higher the fertilisation level, the lower the variation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Technical feasibility and safety of laparoscopy‐assisted total gastrectomy in gastric cancer: A comparative study with laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy
Authors: Lee Sang Eok , Ryu Keun Won , Nam Byung Ho , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Young‐Woo , Yu Jun Sik , Cho Soo Jeong , Lee Jong Yeul , Kim Chan Gyoo , Choi Il Ju , Kook Myeong Cherl , Park Sook Ryun , Kim Min Ju , Lee Jong Seok 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveOnly a few surgeons with much experience of laparoscopic surgery perform laparoscopy‐assisted total gastrectomy (LATG), because of its technical difficulty and concern about subsequent complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of LATG as compared with laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) in gastric cancer.MethodsFrom January 2002 to December 2007, LADG was performed in 473 patients and LATG in 67 patients at the Korean National Cancer Center. Surgical procedures and short‐term surgical outcomes of LATG were analyzed.ResultsD2 lymph node dissection was performed in 35 LATG (52.2%) cases and in 274 LADG (57.9%) cases (P = 0.378). Mean blood losses during operation were 156.8 ± 158.0 ml and 190.7 ± 176.2 ml, respectively (P = 0.114). The open conversion rate for LATG was higher than LADG without significance (4.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.153). Complications occurred in 18 LATG cases (26.9%) and 38 LADG cases (8.0%) (P < 0.001). The most common postoperative complication of LATG was anastomotic stricture after esophagojejunostomy.ConclusionsLATG is a technically feasible procedure as compared with LADG. However, its postoperative complication rate is higher than that of LADG, especially that of anastomotic stricture. A more effective anastomotic method during LATG is required to prevent stricture. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:392–395. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glycin‐bonded silica monolithic column as zwitterionic stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction pressurized capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Lin Xucong , Zeng Wencan , Wang Xiaochun , Xie Zenghong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA novel zwitterionic monolith was prepared by in situ covalent attachment of glycin to a γ‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane‐modified silica monolith. The monolith possessing in its structure bonded secondary amine groups and carboxylic acid groups was evaluated in pressurized CEC (pCEC) system using small neutral and charged solutes. Owing to the zwitterionic nature of the resulting stationary phase, the direction and magnitude of EOF in this column could be manipulated by adjusting the pH values of the mobile phase. Typical hydrophilic interaction was observed when the ACN content exceeded 45%. Separations of acidic and basic compounds were performed on the prepared column in weakly anodic and cathodic EOF modes, respectively. The organic solvent composition, the salt concentration, and the pH of the mobile phase have effects on the electrochromatographic retention. Besides the hydrophilic interaction and electrophoretic mechanism, electrostatic interactions are also involved in the separations of acids and bases on the zwitterionic column.
Monolithic poly(1,2‐bis(p‐vinylphenyl)ethane) capillary columns for simultaneous separation of low‐ and high‐molecular‐weight compounds
Authors: Greiderer Andreas , Ligon S. Clark , Huck Christian W. , Bonn Günther K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMonolithic poly(1,2‐bis(p‐vinylphenyl)ethane (BVPE)) capillary columns were prepared by thermally initiated free radical polymerisation of 1,2‐bis(p‐vinylphenyl)ethane in the presence of inert diluents (porogens) and α,α′‐azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. Polymerisations were accomplished in 200 μm ID fused silica capillaries at 65°C and for 60 min. Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of the polymeric RP support showed a broad bimodal pore‐size‐distribution of mesopores and small macropores in the range of 5–400 nm and flow‐channels in the μm range. N2‐adsorption (BET) analysis resulted in a tremendous enhancement of surface area (101 m2/g) of BVPE stationary phases compared to typical organic monoliths (˜20 m2/g), indicating the presence of a considerable amount of mesopores. Consequently, the adequate proportion of both meso‐ and (small) macropores allowed the rapid and high‐resolution separation of low‐molecular‐weight compounds as well as biomolecules on the same monolithic support. At the same time, the high fraction of flow‐channels provided enhanced column permeability. The chromatographic performance of poly(1,2‐bis(p‐vinylphenyl)ethane) capillary columns for the separation of biomolecules (proteins, oligonucleotides) and small molecules (alkyl benzenes, phenols, phenons) are demonstrated in this article. Additionally, pressure drop versus flow rate measurements of novel poly(1,2‐bis(p‐vinylphenyl)ethane) capillary columns confirmed high mechanical robustness, low swelling in organic solvents and high permeability. Due to the simplicity of monolith fabrication, comprehensive studies of the retention and separation behaviour of monolithic BVPE columns resulted in high run‐to‐run and batch‐to‐batch reproducibilities. All these attributes prove the excellent applicability of monolithic poly(1,2‐bis(p‐vinylphenyl)ethane) capillary columns for μ‐HPLC towards a huge range of analytes of different chemistries and molecular sizes.
Parathyroid surgery and methylene blue: A review with guidelines for safe intraoperative use
Authors: Pollack Geoffrey , Pollack Aron , Delfiner Joel , Fernandez John 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMethylene blue has been used to help facilitate parathyroid surgery for over 30 years. Its use has been widely considered both safe and cost effective. Twenty‐six cases of a toxic metabolic encephalopathy, however, have been reported with its use. As a result, some surgeons have stopped using this technique altogether. It is now known that methylene blue is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. When combined with drugs that increase central serotonin neurotransmission, serotonin toxicity results. This is the cause of the encephalopathy described in the literature. A case report, review of the literature, and guidelines as to its proper use are presented so as to allow for safe parathyroid surgery. Laryngoscope, 2009
Attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics
Authors: Kim J. , Kärtner F.X. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe review our recent progress toward attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics based on ultra‐low timing jitter optical pulse trains from mode‐locked lasers. In femtosecond mode‐locked lasers, the concentration of a large number of photons in an extremely short pulse duration enables the scaling of timing jitter into the attosecond regime. To characterize such jitter levels, we developed new attosecond‐resolution measurement techniques and show that standard fiber lasers can achieve sub‐fs high‐frequency jitter. By leveraging the ultra‐low jitter of free‐running mode‐locked lasers, we pursued high‐precision optical‐optical and optical‐microwave synchronization techniques. Optical signals spanning 1.5 octaves were synthesized by attosecond‐precision timing and phase synchronization of two independent mode‐locked lasers. High‐stability microwave signals were also synthesized from mode‐locked lasers with drift‐free sub‐10‐fs precision. We further demonstrated the attosecond‐precision distribution of optical pulse trains to remote locations via timing‐stabilized fiber links. Finally, the application of optical pulse trains for high‐resolution sampling and analog‐to‐digital conversion is discussed.
Continuous‐variable quantum information processing
Authors: Andersen U.L. , Leuchs G. , Silberhorn C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObservables of quantum systems can possess either a discrete or a continuous spectrum. For example, upon measurements of the photon number of a light state, discrete outcomes will result whereas measurements of the light's quadrature amplitudes result in continuous outcomes. If one uses the continuous degree of freedom of a quantum system for encoding, processing or detecting information, one enters the field of continuous‐variable (CV) quantum information processing. In this paper we review the basic principles of CV quantum information processing with main focus on recent developments in the field. We will be addressing the three main stages of a quantum information system; the preparation stage where quantum information is encoded into CVs of coherent states and single‐photon states, the processing stage where CV information is manipulated to carry out a specified protocol and a detection stage where CV information is measured using homodyne detection or photon counting.
Acetylation of Cellulose Nanowhiskers with Vinyl Acetate under Moderate Conditions
Authors: Çetin Nihat Sami , Tingaut Philippe , Özmen Nilgül , Henry Nathan , Harper David , Dadmun Mark , Sèbe Gilles 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA novel and straightforward method for the surface acetylation of cellulose nanowhiskers by transesterification of vinyl acetate is proposed. The reaction of vinyl acetate with the hydroxyl groups of cellulose nanowhiskers obtained from cotton linters was examined with potassium carbonate as catalyst. Results indicate that during the first stage of the reaction, only the surface of the nanowhiskers was modified, while their dimensions and crystallinity remained unchanged. With increasing reaction time, diffusion mechanisms controlled the rate, leading to nanowhiskers with higher levels of acetylation, smaller dimensions, and lower crystallinity. In THF, a solvent of low polarity, the suspensions from modified nanowhiskers showed improved stability with increased acetylation.magnified image
New, Hydrophilic, HPMA‐Based Polymers for Bioresponsive Shielding of Gene‐Delivery Vectors
Authors: Laga Richard , Koňák Čestmír , Šubr Vladimír , Ulbrich Karel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNew, hydrophilic polymers and copolymers based on HPMA, carrying reactive thiazolidine‐2‐thione groups either situated at the polymer chain end or randomly distributed along the chains bound to the polymer backbone via spacers containing reductively degradable disulfide linkages, have been developed for an efficient and intracellularly removable coating of gene‐delivery vectors. Amino‐group‐bearing PS‐latex nanoparticles and self‐assembled poly(L‐lysine)/DNA complexes were used as models for gene‐delivery viral and nonviral vectors to study the coating reaction with reactive HPMA‐based (co)polymers. It is shown that modification of the particles was effective, resulting in an increase in the $\overline M _{\rm w} $ and Rh of the particles, which depend on the polymer length and its detailed structure. Incubation of the coated particles in buffers modeling the intracellular environment induced unshielding of the vectors and release of the polymer layer from their surface.magnified image
Luminescent Multi‐Layered Polymer Coating for the Simultaneous Detection of Oxygen Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Hyakutake Tsuyoshi , Taguchi Hiroyuki , Kato Junji , Nishide Hiroyuki , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA triple‐layered luminescent polymer coating was prepared to simultaneously detect both oxygen and temperature upon the coating. The coating was composed of an oxygen and a temperature sensory layer based on platinumporphyrin (PtTFP) and ruthenium phenanthroline (Ru(phen)) dye molecule, respectively. The temperature‐sensitive Ru(phen) was dispersed in gas‐barrier polyvinyl alcohol as the first layer, which was further coated with a water‐proofing fluorine‐containing polymer. The oxygen sensory layer composed of the oxygen‐sensitive PtTFP and high oxygen‐permeative poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) was coated as the third layer. The two luminescences were separately monitored: the oxygen partial pressure and temperature in the range of 0–21 kPa and of 25–120 °C were successfully detected.magnified image
Expanded Core/Shell Poly(vinyl acetate)/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Particles for Embolization
Authors: Peixoto Luciana S. , Melo Príamo A. , Nele Márcio , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn improvement to a previously published suspension polymerization process for the production of spherical core/shell PVAc/PVA particles is described. To increase the settling time of the beads in the suspension, an expansion stage was introduced. The core/shell structure was obtained through the partial hydrolysis of the PVAc. The particle density was manipulated through addition of a solvent during the suspension polymerization stage and posterior expansion of the polymer beads obtained at the end of the process. This technique allows for effective reduction of the density of the final polymer beads. The expansion stage exerts also a beneficial effect on particle drying, avoiding particle aggregation during post‐polymerization processing of the polymer beads.magnified image
Influence of Irradiation Temperature on Grafting of Styrene into Poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) Films
Authors: Lappan Uwe , Geißler Uwe , Gohs Uwe , Uhlmann Steffi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study concerns with the investigation of the effect of irradiation conditions on grafting of styrene into FEP films by the pre‐irradiation method. EPR spectroscopy was used to characterize the base polymer material regarding the trapped radical species and their concentration. Radiation‐induced changes in the chemical structure were studied by IR spectroscopy. Tensile strength and elongation at break as well as yield of grafting were found to be strongly influenced by irradiation temperature. Main‐chain scissions were identified to be the reason for the deterioration of the mechanical properties after radiation treatment at temperatures below glass transition temperature.magnified image
Effect of Reprocessing Cycles on the Morphology and Properties of Poly(propylene)/Wood Flour Composites Compatibilized with EBAGMA Terpolymer
Authors: Kaci Mustapha , Hamma Amel , Pillin Isabelle , Grohens Yves 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe present study is aimed to investigate the effect of multiple extrusions of iPP/WF composites with and without EBAGMA used as compatibilizer. The degradation induced by the recycling processes was evaluated through changes in molecular structure, morphology, rheology, thermal and mechanical properties. The results showed that after six cycles, the presence of WF imparts stability to the composite materials. This effect was enhanced for the compatibilized samples. Further, SEM revealed better dispersion of the WF in the matrix. In contrast, it was confirmed that after the first recycling, both the molecular weight and the properties of PP drastically decreased due to chain scission resulting from degradation.magnified image
Defined Poly[styrene‐block‐(ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate)] Diblock Copolymers via Living Anionic Polymerization
Authors: Gallei Markus , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. , Klein Roland , Rehahn Matthias 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFerrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FMMA) is one of the very few metallocene‐based monomers that are promising candidates for truly living anionic polymerization. Nevertheless, FMMA homopolymers with a narrow polydispersity, or block copolymerization studies that result in satisfying blocking efficiencies, are unknown so far. Here we describe a procedure that leads to highly regular FMMA‐based polymers for the first time, characterized by polydispersity indices (PDI) of less that 1.05 and very high blocking efficiencies (>95%) in sequential copolymerization with styrene. Some of the obtained poly[styrene‐block‐(ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate)]s show unusual microphase morphologies, presumably the consequence of high Tgs causing ‘frustrated’ non‐equilibrium states.magnified image
Relationship of Photophysical Properties and the Device Performance of Novel Hybrid Small‐Molecular/Polymeric Solar Cells
Authors: Inal Sahika , Castellani Mauro , Sellinger Alan , Neher Dieter 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe investigate solar cells comprised of a vinazene derivative (HV‐BT) as the electron acceptor and the well‐known polymer poly(3‐hexylthiophene) as the electron donor. In the as‐prepared blend, most of the excited state species, including the excimers on HV‐BT, are quenched at the heterojunction. Although the photophysical properties of the blends change upon annealing, the blend solar cells largely remain uninfluenced by such treatments. A significant improvement is, however, observed when inducing phase separation at a longer length scale, for example, in solution‐processed bilayer devices. Hereby, both the fill factor (FF) and the open circuit voltage are considerably increased, pointing to the importance of the heterojunction topology and the layer composition at the charge extracting contacts. An optimized device exhibits a power conversion efficiency of close to 1%.magnified image
Damping Behavior of the Aggregation–Disaggregation Self‐Oscillation of a Polymer Chain
Authors: Hara Yusuke , Yoshida Ryo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effect of the initial concentration of the substrates of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, and the temperature, on the autonomous aggregation–disaggreagtion self‐oscillation of a polymer chain is investigated. The polymer chain consists ofN‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), a Ru catalyst of the BZ reaction, and acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as a pH and solubility control site. It is demonstrated that the initial concentration of the BZ substrates and the temperature exert an influence on the waveform and the period of the self‐oscillation. Moreover, the aggregation–disaggregation self‐oscillation of the polymer chain undergoes damping, that is, the amplitude of the transmittance self‐oscillation decreases with time. This phenomenon is attributed to an increase in the size of the polymer aggregates during the self‐oscillating behavior. Therefore, the damping behavior is significantly affected by the initial concentration of the BZ substrates in accordance with the Field–Körös–Noyes (FKN) mechanism. In addition, it is shown that the self‐oscillating region is determined by the initial concentrations of the BZ substrates and the temperature. This study clarifies that the self‐oscillation of the AMPS‐containing polymer chain can be controlled by the selection of the initial concentration of the BZ substrates and the temperature under acid‐free conditions.magnified image
A review of current applications of mass spectrometry for neuroproteomics in epilepsy
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Wen Fuqiang , Yang Jinliang , Chen Lijuan , Wei Yu‐Quan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe brain is unquestionably the most fascinating organ, and the hippocampus is crucial in memory storage and retrieval and plays an important role in stress response. In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the seizure origin typically involves the hippocampal formation. Despite tremendous progress, current knowledge falls short of being able to explain its function. An emerging approach toward an improved understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms that underlie functions of the brain and hippocampus is neuroproteomics. Mass spectrometry has been widely used to analyze biological samples, and has evolved into an indispensable tool for proteomics research. In this review, we present a general overview of the application of mass spectrometry in proteomics, summarize neuroproteomics and systems biology‐based discovery of protein biomarkers for epilepsy, discuss the methodology needed to explore the epileptic hippocampus proteome, and also focus on applications of ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) in disease research. This neuroproteomics survey presents a framework for large‐scale protein research in epilepsy that can be applied for immediate epileptic biomarker discovery and the far‐reaching systems biology understanding of the protein regulatory networks. Ultimately, knowledge attained through neuroproteomics could lead to clinical diagnostics and therapeutics to lessen the burden of epilepsy on society. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:197–246, 2010