bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point‐of‐sale alcohol promotions in the Perth and Sydney metropolitan areas
Authors: JONES SANDRA C. , BARRIE LANCE , ROBINSON LAURA , ALLSOP STEVE , CHIKRITZHS TANYA 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Point‐of‐sale (POS) is increasingly being used as a marketing tool for alcohol products, and there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that these materials are positively associated with drinking and contribute to creating a pro‐alcohol environment. The purpose of the present study was to document the nature and extent of POS alcohol promotions in bottle shops in two Australian capital cities.Design and Methods. A purposive sample of 24 hotel bottle shops and liquor stores was selected across Sydney (New South Wales) and Perth (Western Australia) and audited for the presence and nature of POS marketing.Results. Point‐of‐sale promotions were found to be ubiquitous, with an average of 33 promotions per outlet. Just over half were classified as ‘non‐price’ promotions (e.g. giveaways and competitions). Spirits were the most commonly promoted type of alcohol. The average number of standard drinks required to participate in the promotions ranged from 12 for ready to drinks to 22 for beer. Alcohol outlets that were part of supermarket chains had a higher number of promotions, more price‐based promotions, and required a greater quantity of alcohol to be purchased to participate in the promotion.Discussion and Conclusions. The data collected in this study provides a starting point for our understanding of POS promotions in Australia, and poses important questions for future research in this area.[Jones SC, Barrie L, Robinson L, Allsop S, Chikritzhs T. Point‐of‐sale alcohol promotions in the Perth and Sydney metropolitan areas. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:803–808]
Trends, current understanding and future research priorities for artisanal coral reef fisheries research
Authors: Johnson Ayana E , Cinner Joshua E , Hardt Marah J , Jacquet Jennifer , McClanahan Tim R , Sanchirico James N 
Published: April 2012

AbstractArtisanal coral reef fisheries provide food and employment to hundreds of millions of people in developing countries, making their sustainability a high priority. However, many of these fisheries are degraded and not yielding their maximum socioeconomic returns. We present a literature review that evaluates foci and trends in research effort on coral reef fisheries. We describe the types of data and categories of management recommendations presented in the 464 peer‐reviewed articles returned. Identified trends include a decline in articles reporting time‐series data, fish catch biomass and catch‐per‐unit effort, and an increase in articles containing bycatch and stakeholder interview data. Management implications were discussed in 80% of articles, with increasing frequency over time, but only 22% of articles made management recommendations based on the research presented in the article, as opposed to more general recommendations. Key future research priorities, which we deem underrepresented in the literature at present, are: (i) effectiveness of management approaches, (ii) ecological thresholds, trade‐offs and sustainable levels of extraction, (iii) effects of climate change, (iv) food security, (v) the role of aquaculture, (vi) access to and control of fishery resources, (vii) relationships between economic development and fishery exploitation, (viii) alternative livelihoods and (ix) integration of ecological and socioeconomic research.
In at the Deep End: An Activity‐Led Introduction to First Year Creative Computing
Authors: Anderson E. F. , Peters C. E. , Halloran J. , Every P. , Shuttleworth J. , Liarokapis F. , Lane R. , Richards M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMisconceptions about the nature of the computing disciplines pose a serious problem to university faculties that offer computing degrees, as students enrolling on their programmes may come to realise that their expectations are not met by reality. This frequently results in the students’ early disengagement from the subject of their degrees which in turn can lead to excessive ‘wastage’, that is, reduced retention. In this paper, we report on our academic group’s attempts within creative computing degrees at a UK university to counter these problems through the introduction of a 6 week long project that newly enrolled students embark on at the very beginning of their studies. This group project, involving the creation of a 3D etch‐a‐sketch‐like computer graphics application with a hardware interface, provides a breadth‐first, activity‐led introduction to the students’ chosen academic discipline, aiming to increase student engagement while providing a stimulating learning experience with the overall goal to increase retention. We present the methods and results of two iterations of these projects in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 academic years, and conclude that the approach worked well for these cohorts, with students expressing increased interest in their chosen discipline, in addition to noticeable improvements in retention following the first year of the students’ studies.
Negative Existentials in Metaphysical Debate
Authors: Burgess Alexis 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThere are statements of the form “There are no Fs” that we would like to count as true, yet it is hard to see how they could be true (at least, operating within the semantic framework of structured propositions). The relevant Fs are general terms that we take to be semantically fundamental or primitive, especially those native to metaphysical discourse. A case can be made the problem is no less difficult than the corresponding problem for singular terms.
Metaphilosophical Criteria for Worldview Comparison
Authors: Vidal Clément 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPhilosophy lacks criteria to evaluate its philosophical theories. To fill this gap, this essay introduces nine criteria to compare worldviews, classified in three broad categories: objective criteria (objective consistency, scientificity, scope), subjective criteria (subjective consistency, personal utility, emotionality), and intersubjective criteria (intersubjective consistency, collective utility, narrativity). The essay first defines what a worldview is and exposes the heuristic used in the quest for criteria. After describing each criterion individually, it shows what happens when each of them is violated. From the criteria, it derives assessment tests to compare and improve different worldviews. These include theis‐ought, ought‐act,andis‐actfirst‐order tests; thecriticalanddialecticalsecond‐order tests; themixed‐questionsandfirst‐second‐orderthird‐order tests; and thewe‐I, we‐it,andit‐Itests. The essay then applies these criteria and tests to a concrete example, comparing theFlyingSpaghettiMonster deity withIntelligentDesign. For another application, it draws more general fruitful suggestions for the dialogue between science and religion.
Timbre and Non‐radical Didacticism in the Streets' A Grand Don't Come for Free: a Poetic‐Ecological Model
Authors: SLATER MARK 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the status and function of timbre by proposing a poetic‐ecological model, which seeks to encapsulate the intersections between and applications of three theoretical territories: poetics, ecological theory and spectromorphology. The patterned sonic material encountered in the Streets' ‘Blinded by the Lights’, from the 2004 album A Grand Don't Come for Free, is analysed in terms of its capacity to specify a non‐radical didactic identity in line with a didactic impulse inherent in hip‐hop culture, from which this music draws significant influence. Timbre is understood in terms of its capacity to specify identities, both sonic and ‘personic’, as propagated by sound via the specification of sources, however stable or ambiguous. In examining how specific sounds function in this track and what they might mean, the terms ‘proprietary’ and ‘efferent’ are offered to explain the typological groupings of sounds from a range of possible sources (people, objects, technology, records, labels, styles and genres). The establishment of these categorical terms draws upon the ecological paradigm outlined by specification, attunement and contingency (which accounts for the agency of culturally situated producers and perceivers), and the spectromorphological ensemble (which accounts for the detailed characteristics and operations of sounds).
National or European Parliamentarians? Evidence from a New Survey of the Members of the European Parliament*
Authors: SCULLY ROGER , HIX SIMON , FARRELL DAVID M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article presents findings from a new survey of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), conducted in 2010. It explains the purpose of the survey, its content, the survey methodology and the potential limitations of the sample obtained. The article then presents results from the survey to explore the determinants of MEPs' policy preferences and, more specifically, whether MEPs from recent enlargement states continue to differ from those of longer‐standing EU Member States. The findings here indicate that ‘enlargement’ MEPs remain somewhat farther to the right, but are no longer more cautious about integration. The results also reinforce the importance of ideology, even more than nationality, as a factor underpinning MEPs' political attitudes.
Foreign Interests Lobbying Brussels: Participation of non‐EU Members in Commission Consultations*
Authors: RASMUSSEN ANNE , ALEXANDROVA PETYA 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUsing data on contributions to European Commission online consultations from 2001 to 2010, this article examines the level and character of engagement of foreign states in preparation of EU policy. The results show that regional differences in the overall participation of foreign actors are cancelled out when controlling for different demand‐ and supply‐side factors of regional representation. A country's volume of EU trade, level of development and degree of democracy all contribute to increasing participation. Moreover, variation in national economic and political structures helps explain the types of actors by which a country is represented.
The Mediator subunit SFR6/MED16 controls defence gene expression mediated by salicylic acid and jasmonate responsive pathways
Authors: Wathugala Deepthi L. , Hemsley Piers A. , Moffat Caroline S. , Cremelie Pieter , Knight Marc R. , Knight Heather 
Published: April 2012

Summary
Arabidopsis SENSITIVE TO FREEZING6 (SFR6) controls cold‐ and drought‐inducible gene expression and freezing‐ and osmotic‐stress tolerance. Its identification as a component of the MEDIATOR transcriptional co‐activator complex led us to address its involvement in other transcriptional responses.
Gene expression responses to Pseudomonas syringae, ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) irradiation, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were investigated in three sfr6 mutant alleles by quantitative real‐time PCR and susceptibility to UV‐C irradiation and Pseudomonas infection were assessed.
sfr6 mutants were more susceptible to both Pseudomonas syringae infection and UV‐C irradiation. They exhibited correspondingly weaker PR (pathogenesis‐related) gene expression than wild‐type Arabidopsis following these treatments or after direct application of SA, involved in response to both UV‐C and Pseudomonas infection. Other genes, however, were induced normally in the mutants by these treatments. sfr6 mutants were severely defective in expression of plant defensin genes in response to JA; ectopic expression of defensin genes was provoked in wild‐type but not sfr6 by overexpression of ERF5.
SFR6/MED16 controls both SA‐ and JA‐mediated defence gene expression and is necessary for tolerance of Pseudomonas syringae infection and UV‐C irradiation. It is not, however, a universal regulator of stress gene transcription and is likely to mediate transcriptional activation of specific regulons only.
Plasma nitrite concentration decreases after hyperoxia‐induced oxidative stress in healthy humans
Authors: Modun Darko , Krnic Mladen , Vukovic Jonatan , Kokic Visnja , Kukoc‐Modun Lea , Tsikas Dimitrios , Dujic Zeljko 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe aim of this study was to measure plasma nitrite, the biochemical marker of endothelial nitric oxide (•NO) synthesis, before and after hyperoxia, in order to test the hypothesis that hyperoxia‐induced vasoconstriction is a consequence of reduced bioavailability of •NO caused by elevated oxidative stress. Ten healthy men breathed 100% normobaric O2 for 30 min between 15th and 45th min of the 1‐h study protocol. Plasma nitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA), arterial stiffness (indicated by augmentation index, AIx) and arterial oxygen (PtcO2) pressure were measured at 1st, 15th, 45th and 60th minute of the study. Breathing of normobaric 100% oxygen during 30 min caused an increase in PtcO2 (from 75 ± 2 to 412 ± 25 mm Hg), AIx (from −63 ± 4 to −51 ± 3%) and MDA (from 152 ± 13 to 218 ± 15 nm) values and a decrease in plasma nitrite (from 918 ± 58 to 773 ± 55 nm). During the 15‐min recovery phase, plasma nitrite, AIx and MDA values remained altered. This study suggests that the underlying mechanism of hyperoxia‐induced vasoconstriction may involve reduced •NO bioavailability caused by elevated and sustained oxidative stress.
Intraperitoneal antineoplastic drug delivery: experience with a cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone protocol in cats with malignant lymphoma
Authors: Teske E. , van Lankveld A. J. , Rutteman G. R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this retrospective study, the efficacy and safety were examined for an intraperitoneal chemotherapy protocol‐cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone (IP‐COP) in 26 cats with malignant lymphoma. Certainly in cats fiercely resisting IV administration the IP route is a more practical method, safer for the administrator and less stressful for the cat. Complete remission (CR) rate was 76.9% (n = 20). Median duration of first remission was 421 days. Estimated 1‐ and 2‐year disease free period were 67.1 and 48.0%, respectively. Median duration of survival was 388 days and estimated overall 1‐ and 2‐year survival periods were 54.7 and 46.9% respectively. Young cats had a more favourable prognosis. Reaching CR was essential for long‐term survival. No specific IP‐related adverse events (AE) were seen. AE were generally scored as mild and were not excessively abundant. These results indicate that the IP route is a safe and effective alternative for the administration of COP protocol chemotherapeutics.
Additional notes on Anisopteromalus sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), the sibling species of a parasitic wasp of stored‐product pests, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard): A new alternative host, an eye color mutant and DNA barcodes
Authors: SASAKAWA Kôji , SATÔ Masumi , SHIMADA Masakazu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA parasitic wasp of stored‐product pests, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard), is known to have a sibling species with a different chromosome number. Here, we report establishment and characterization of an eye color mutant in this sibling species. The phenotype of the mutant is red eye in adults, and crossing experiments revealed that the mutant phenotype is recessive to wild type (brown eye color). We also report DNA barcode sequences (a partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome‐c oxidase subunit I) of A. calandrae and the sibling species to enable accurate identification of these morphologically similar species. Analyses of our laboratory strains showed that 12.6% of the analyzed sequences (82 of 652 bp) differed between the two species. Finally, we note that the seed beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (Linné) (family Bruchidae), host of our laboratory strains of the sibling species, is a new record of alternative host at the family‐level for the wasp (known hosts: Anobiidae (natural host) and Curculionidae (alternative host)).
Effects of lipopolysaccharide infusion on arterial levels and transcerebral exchange kinetics of glutamate and glycine in healthy humans
Authors: Berg Ronan M. G. , Taudorf Sarah , Bailey Damian M. , Lundby Carsten , Larsen Fin S. , Pedersen Bente K. , Møller Kirsten 
Published: April 2012

An imbalance between glutamate and glycine signalling may contribute to sepsis‐associated encephalopathy by causing neuronal excitotoxicity. In this study, we therefore investigated the transcerebral exchange kinetics of glutamate and glycine in a human‐experimental model of systemic inflammation. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial to jugular venous concentration differences of glutamate and glycine were determined before and after a 4‐h intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, total dose of 0.3 ng/kg) in 12 healthy volunteers. The global cerebral net exchange was calculated by multiplying CBF with the arterial to jugular venous differences. LPS induced a systemic inflammatory response with fever, neutrocytosis, and elevated arterial levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α. This was associated with a decrease in the arterial levels of both glutamate and glycine; however, their transcerebral exchange kinetics were unaffected. Inflammation‐induced alterations of the circulating levels of glutamate and glycine, do not affect the global transcerebral exchange kinetics of these amino acids in healthy humans.
Interprofessional learning enhances knowledge of roles but is less able to shift attitudes: a case study from dental education
Authors: Evans J. L. , Henderson A. , Johnson N. W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction:  Interprofessional education (IPE) purports to improve team working through improved knowledge of the roles of others, and by engendering mutual respect. This case study aimed to determine the impact of an IPE curriculum on knowledge and attitudes of dentistry and dental technology students undertaking these curricula in the new School of Dentistry and Oral Health at Griffith University. All dental technology students and third‐ and final‐ (fifth) year dentistry students were invited to participate.Method:  A mixed‐method approach was used to compare attitudes, perceptions and experiences of students involved in our IPE curricula. Quantitative data were evaluated with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and qualitative findings were explored through an Excel® spreadsheet coding frame tested against LeximancerTM qualitative software for consistency.Results:  Forty‐six of the 131 eligible students participated. Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scales (RIPLS) and focus groups consistently showed that IPE positively influenced professional identity and improved communication between and amongst all students and assisted them in developing their roles. A prevailing sense of greater importance and a lack of mutual respect between dentistry and dental technology students were, unfortunately, evident. The process was, however, sufficient to enhance teamwork and collaboration when planned learning revolved around explicit patient care in the provision of dental prostheses.Conclusion:  Further development of such curricula is needed to maximise IP learning (IPL) opportunities, to shift traditional attitudes and, potentially, to improve the outcomes of patient care. To enable this, academic and clinical leaders need to embrace the ideals of IPE.
Disc formation in turbulent massive cores: circumventing the magnetic braking catastrophe
Authors: Seifried D. , Banerjee R. , Pudritz R. E. , Klessen R. S. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
We present collapse simulations of 100 M⊙ turbulent cloud cores threaded by a strong magnetic field. During the initial collapse phase, filaments are generated which fragment quickly and form several protostars. Around these protostars Keplerian discs with typical sizes of up to 100 au build up in contrast to previous simulations neglecting turbulence. We examine three mechanisms potentially responsible for lowering the magnetic braking efficiency and therefore allowing for the formation of Keplerian discs. Analysing the condensations in which the discs form, we show that the build-up of Keplerian discs is neither caused by magnetic flux loss due to turbulent reconnection nor by the misalignment of the magnetic field and the angular momentum. It is rather a consequence of the turbulent surroundings of the disc which exhibit no coherent rotation structure while strong local shear flows carry large amounts of angular momentum. We suggest that the ‘magnetic braking catastrophe’, i.e. the formation of sub-Keplerian discs only, is an artefact of the idealized non-turbulent initial conditions and that turbulence provides a natural mechanism to circumvent this problem.
On the behaviour of the magnetorotational instability when the Rayleigh criterion is violated
Authors: Balbus Steven A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
An elementary but revealing analysis of the dispersion relation of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in the Ralyeigh-unstable regime is described. The defining properties of the MRI – its maximum growth rate and the direction of the associated eigenvector displacement – remain unchanged as the Rayleigh discriminant passes from positive to negative values. At sufficiently negative discriminant values, however, the spectrum of unstable modes becomes dominated by zero wavenumber disturbances, and the problem loses its local character. These results may be relevant to understanding the level of turbulent fluid stress near the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) in an accretion disc around a black hole, since the Rayleigh discriminant changes sign at this location. Our conclusions are consistent with numerical simulations that find finite stress at the ISCO, some dependence of the stress magnitude with scale height, and a plunging region much closer to the event horizon than the ISCO radius.
Zur Kenntnis der enzymatischen Oxydationsprozesse in phosphatfreiem bzw. phosphathaltigem Medium1
Authors: Thunberg T. 
Published: April 2012

ZusammenfassungBei den früher veröffentlichten Versuchen des Verfassers über Dehydrogenasen aus Pflanzensamen ist zur Extraktion dieser Enzyme durchweg eine schwach alkalische Phosphatlösung zur Anwendung gelangt. Die Untersuchung der Aktivität der Dehydrogenasen geschah deshalb auch regelmäßig in einer Phosphatlösung. Unter solchen Umständen ist bei diesen Versuchen nicht beachtet worden, wie es sich mit der Aktivität der Enzyme in Abwesenheit von Phosphat verhält. Verf. hat nun Samenpulver mit 1% igem KCl extrahiert und die Aktivität dieses KCl‐Extraktes teils ohne und teils mit Zusatz von Phosphat untersucht, wobei auch der pH‐Wert verändert wurde. Bezüglich der Hexosediphosphorsäure‐Dehydrogenase, wie sie durch Extraktion mit KCl‐Lösung aus Samen von Cucumis sativus, Corchorus capsularis und Phaseolus multiflorus erhalten wird, teilt nun Verf. mit, daß dieselbe nicht die Fähigkeit besitzt, den Wasserstoff der Hexosediphosphorsäure auf Mb. zu überführen. Diese Fähigkeit tritt erst bei Zusatz einer geeigneten Menge von Phosphat und bei geeignetem pH auf. KCl‐Extrakt aus Samen von Citrus aurantium dulcis zeigt ein anderes Verhalten.Der Stiftung Therese och Johan Anderssons Minne danke ich für finanzielle Unterstützung der vorliegenden Untersuchung.