bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐Term Alcohol Administration Alters KiSS‐1 Gene Expression in the Reproductive Hypothalamus of Prepubertal Female Rats
Authors: Srivastava Vinod K. , Hiney Jill K. , Dees W. Les 
Published: June 2009

Background:  Kisspeptins bind to the G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPR54) to activate hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion at the time of puberty. Alcohol (ALC) causes depressed prepubertal LHRH release, resulting in depressed luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and delayed puberty. Because KiSS‐1 and GPR54 are important to the onset of puberty, we assessed the effects of chronic ALC administration on basal expression of these puberty‐related genes within the reproductive hypothalamus, as well as hormones and transduction signaling pathways contributing to their activity.Methods:  Immature female rats were fed a liquid diet containing ALC for 6 days beginning when 27 days old. Controls received either companion isocaloric liquid diet or rat chow and water. Animals were decapitated on day 33, in the late juvenile stage of development. Blood was collected for the assessment of serum hormone levels. Brain tissues containing the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei were obtained for assessing expression of specific puberty‐related genes and proteins.Results:  KiSS‐1 mRNA levels in the AVPV and ARC nuclei were suppressed (p < 0.001) in the ALC‐treated rats. GPR54 gene and protein expressions were both modestly increased (p < 0.05) in AVPV nucleus, but not in ARC nucleus. Alcohol exposure also resulted in suppressed serum levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), LH, and estradiol (E2). As IGF‐1, in the presence of E2, can induce expression of the KiSS‐1 gene, we assessed the potential for ALC to alter IGF‐1 signaling in the reproductive hypothalamus. IGF‐1 receptor gene and protein expressions were not altered. However, protein expression of phosphorylated Akt, a transduction signal used by IGF‐1, was suppressed in the AVPV (p < 0.05) and ARC (p < 0.01) nuclei.Conclusions:  Alcohol causes suppressed KiSS‐1 gene expression in the reproductive hypothalamus; hence, contributing to this drug’s ability to cause suppressed LHRH secretion and disruption of the pubertal process. We suggest that this action, at least in part, is through altered IGF‐1 signaling.
Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Predicts Mortality Risk in Older Women
Authors: Krabbe Karen S. , Mortensen Erik L. , Avlund Kirsten , Pedersen Agnes N. , Pedersen Bente K. , Jørgensen Torben , Bruunsgaard Helle 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that low circulating brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a secretory member of the neurotrophin family that has a protective role in neurodegeneration and stress responses and a regulatory role in metabolism, predicts risk of all‐cause mortality in 85‐year‐old men and women.DESIGN: Longitudinal study with 50‐ to 58‐month follow‐up.SETTING: The 1914 cohort, a population‐based cohort established in 1964 by the Research Center for Prevention and Health at Glostrup Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eighty‐eight unselected 85‐year‐old Danes.MEASUREMENTS: BDNF was measured in plasma and serum. The Danish National Register of Patients was used to collect data on morbidity. The primary outcome in Cox regression analyses was all‐cause mortality.RESULTS: Women with low plasma BDNF (lowest tertile) had greater all‐cause mortality risk than women with high plasma BDNF (highest tertile) (hazard ratio=2.2, 95% confidence interval=1.1–4.7). Low plasma BDNF predicted mortality independently of activities of daily living; education; and a history of central nervous system disease, cerebrovascular accidents, cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, and low‐grade inflammation. No association was found between plasma BDNF and mortality in men, and serum BDNF did not influence mortality in either sex.CONCLUSION: Low plasma BDNF is a novel, independent, and robust biomarker of mortality risk in old women. BDNF may be a central factor in the network of multimorbidity in old populations.
Esthetic Interim Acrylic Resin Prosthesis Reinforced with Metal Casting
Authors: Verri Fellippo Ramos , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza , Mazaro José Vitor Quinelli , De Almeida Erika Oliveira , Antenucci Rosse Mary Falcón 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFabrication of an interim prosthesis is an important procedure in oral rehabilitation because it aids in determining the esthetics, phonetics, and occlusal relationship of the definitive restoration. The typical material (acrylic resin) used in interim prostheses commonly fails due to fractures. During extended oral rehabilitation with fixed partial prostheses, high strength interim prostheses are often required to protect hard and soft tissues, avoid dental mobility, and to allow the clinician and patient a chance to evaluate cosmetics and function before the placement of the definitive prosthesis. Furthermore, a satisfactory interim prosthesis can serve as a template for the construction of the definitive prosthesis. The maintenance of this prosthesis is important during treatment for protection of teeth and occlusal stability. Procedures to reinforce interim prostheses help to improve performance and esthetics in long‐term treatment. Due to the low durability of acrylic resin in long‐term use, the use of reinforcing materials, such as metal castings or spot‐welded stainless steel matrix bands, is indicated in cases of extensive restoration and long‐term treatment. This paper describes an easy technique for fabricating a fixed interim prosthesis using acrylic resin and a cast metallic reinforcement.
Surgical and Prosthodontic Treatment of a Patient with Significant Trauma to the Middle and Lower Face Secondary to a Gunshot Wound: A Clinical Report
Authors: Kelly Paul , Drago Carl J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLarge defects of dentofacial structures may result from trauma, disease (including neoplasms), and congenital anomalies. The location and size of the defects are related to difficulties that patients report relative to speech, mastication, swallowing, facial esthetics, and self‐image. This article reports on the evaluation and treatment of a patient who suffered significant trauma to the lower and mid‐face secondary to a gunshot injury. It describes the initial presentation, life‐saving procedures, and subsequent bone grafts, implant placement, and prosthetic treatments required to rehabilitate the patient to a condition that closely approximated his preoperative condition. This clinical report confirms that no matter the degree of complexity involved in treating the results of significant facial trauma, successful treatment is dependent on thorough physical and radiographic examinations, development of the appropriate diagnoses, and treatment based on sound prosthodontic and surgical principles.
Correlating implant stability to bone structure
Authors: Rozé Julie , Babu Stéphanie , Saffarzadeh Afchine , Gayet‐Delacroix Marie , Hoornaert Alain , Layrolle Pierre 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate a possible correlation between bone microarchitecture and primary implant stability.Material and methods: Twenty‐two implants (Ankylos® and Straumann®) were inserted into the maxillae and mandibles of human cadavers. Bone structure was determined by computed tomography in three specimens (male, age 53; female, 67; female, 80). A strict clinical protocol was used for implantation. Primary implant stability was measured by resonance frequency analysis (Osstell Mentor). The bone structure was analyzed by micro‐computed tomography (CT). Bone histomorphometrical parameters were calculated and correlated to primary implant stability.Results: Implant stability quotients (ISQ) ranged from 50 to 70% depending on the specimens and sites. Histomorphometry indicated differences in the bone microstructures of the specimens. However, ISQ values were not related to trabecular bone histomorphometrical parameters. The sole correlation was found between ISQ values and cortical bone thickness.Conclusion: This study confirms the relevance for primary stability of cortical thickness around implants. The thickness of cortical bone can be assessed using a standard clinical CT.
Factors associated with early‐stage diagnosis of oral and pharyngeal cancer
Authors: Watson Jennifer M. , Logan Henrietta L. , Tomar Scott L. , Sandow Pamela 
Published: June 2009

Abstract –  Objectives:  The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics and treatment‐seeking behaviors of patients diagnosed with oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) and to determine whether seeing an oral healthcare provider in the preceding year was associated with an earlier stage of diagnosis.Methods:  Trained interviewers administered a pretested survey instrument to a sample of 131 patients newly diagnosed with OPC at two cancer centers in Florida. Analyses were conducted to compare characteristics of patients by cancer summary stage (early or advanced) on receipt of OPC examination, patterns of dental care, and number of initial signs and symptoms. In addition, analyses were also conducted for characteristics of patients’ dental care utilization (regular primary care dentist, time of most recent dental visit, and regular dental care) by receipt of OPC examination.Results:  Overall, 25.3% of participants reported receiving an OPC examination at their last dental visit and participants who received an OPC examination were significantly more likely (79%) to be diagnosed at early stages than those who did not receive an oral cancer examination (48%). Patients with a regular primary care dentist were more likely to be diagnosed at early stages (65%) than those without a regular primary care dentist (41%). Factors significantly associated with receiving an OPC examination included having a regular primary care dentist (P < 0.001), having a dental visit in the preceding 12 months (P < 0.001), and receiving regular care (P < 0.001). The number of signs or symptoms reported by the patient was significantly associated with the stage at diagnosis (P = 0.002) and the most common initial symptom reported by patients was soreness in the mouth.Conclusions:  These results emphasize the importance of periodic and thorough OPC examinations.
Tropical rat mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti) – serious ectoparasites
Authors: Beck Wieland , Fölster‐Holst Regina 
Published: June 2009

SummaryIn Germany there is limited information available about the distribution of the tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) in rodents. A few case reports show that this hematophagous mite species may also cause dermatitis in man. Having close body contact to small rodents is an important question for patients with pruritic dermatoses. The definitive diagnosis of this ectopara‐sitosis requires the detection of the parasite, which is more likely to be found in the environment of its host (in the cages, in the litter or in corners or cracks of the living area) than on the hosts’ skin itself. A case of infestation with tropical rat mites in a family is reported here. Three mice that had been removed from the home two months before were the reservoir. The mites were detected in a room where the cage with the mice had been placed months ago. Treatment requires the eradication of the parasites on its hosts (by a veterinarian) and in the environment (by an exterminator) with adequate acaricides such as permethrin.
Effects of topiramate on weight and metabolism in children with epilepsy
Authors: Li Hai‐feng , Zou Yan , Xia Zhe‐zhi , Gao Feng , Feng Jian‐hua , Yang Cui‐wei 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim:  To explore the mechanism of topiramate‐induced weight loss in epilepsy children by monitoring metabolism indices.Methods: Children with epilepsy were treated with topiramate at their first clinical visit. Metabolism indices including body mass index (BMI) and its SD scores, leptin, adiponectin, leptin/adiponectin (L/A), lipid profile‐insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessments (HOMA) index were collected before and after treatment.Results:  Topiramate treatment significantly reduced L/A (t = 2.156, p = 0.031), and markedly increased the serum level of adiponectin (t = 3.124, p = 0.002). Moreover, there were no relationships between the metabolism indices and dosages of topiramate (p > 0.05).Conclusion:  Our studies find that topiramate treatment in epilepsy children increases energy metabolism, resulting in weight loss. It has been demonstrated that adiponectin play a significant role in metabolic regulations.
Pluralism and diversity: trends in the use and application of ordination methods 1990‐2007
Authors: Von Wehrden Henrik , Hanspach Jan , Bruelheide Helge , Wesche Karsten 
Published: June 2009

AbstractQuestion: What are the trends and patterns in the application of ordination techniques in vegetation science since 1990?Location: Worldwide literature analysis.Methods: Evaluation of five major journals of vegetation science; search of all ISI‐listed ecological journals. Data were analysed with ANCOVAs, Spearman rank correlations, GLMs, biodiversity indices and simple graphs.Results: The ISI search retrieved fewer papers that used ordinations than the manual evaluation of five selected journals. Both retrieval methods revealed a clear trend in increasing frequency of ordination applications from 1990 to the present. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was far more frequently detected by the ISI search than any other method. Applications such as Correspondence Analysis/Reciprocal Averaging and Detrended Correspondence Analysis have increasingly been used in studies published in “applied” journals, while Canonical Correspondence Analysis, Redundancy Analysis and Non‐Metric Multidimensional Scaling were more frequently used in journals focusing on more “basic” research. Overall, Detrended Correspondence Analysis was the most commonly applied method within the five major journals, although the number of publications slightly decreased over time. Use of Non‐Metric Multidimensional Scaling has increased over the last 10 years.Conclusion: The availability of suitable software packages has facilitated the application of certain techniques such as Non‐Metric Multidimensional Scaling. However, choices of ordination techniques are currently less driven by the constraints imposed by the software; there is also limited evidence that the choice of methods follows social considerations such as the need to use fashionable methods. Methodological diversity has been maintained or has even increased over time and reflects the researcher's need for diverse analytical tools suitable to address a wide range of questions.
Can X-rays provide a solution to the abundance discrepancy problem in photoionized nebulae?
Authors: Ercolano B. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
We re-examine the well-known discrepancy between ionic abundances determined via the analysis of recombination lines (RLs) and collisionally excited lines (CELs). We show that abundance variations can be mimicked in a chemically homogeneous medium by the presence of dense (nH &gt; rsim 104 cm−3) X-ray irradiated regions which present different ionization and temperature structures from those of the more diffuse medium they are embedded in, which is predominantly ionized by extreme-ultraviolet radiation. The presence of X-ray ionized dense clumps or filaments also naturally explains the lower temperatures often measured from O ii RLs and from the Balmer jump when compared to temperatures determined by CELs. We discuss the implications for abundances determined via the analysis of CELs and RLs and provide a simple analytical procedure to obtain upward corrections for CEL-determined abundance. While we show that the abundance discrepancy factor and the Balmer Jump temperature determined from observations of the Orion Nebula can simultaneously be reproduced by this model (implying upward corrections for CELs by a factor of 1.15), we find that the required X-ray fluxes exceed the known Orion's stellar and diffuse X-ray budget, if we assume that the clumps are located at the edge of the blister. We propose, however, that spatially resolved observations may be used to empirically test the model, and outline how the framework developed in this Letter may be applied in the future to objects with better constrained geometries (e.g. planetary nebulae).
H1N1 swine origin influenza infection in the United States and Europe in 2009 may be similar to H1N1 seasonal influenza infection in two Australian states in 2007 and 2008
Authors: Kelly Heath , Grant Kristina , Williams Simon , Smith David 
Published: June 2009

Background  The population‐based impact of infection with swine origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection was not clear in the early days of the epidemic towards the end of May 2009. Australia had seven confirmed cases by 22 May 2009. We aimed to compare available data on swine origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection overseas with seasonal influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in Australia to assist with forward planning.Methods  Data on infection with seasonal influenza A (H1N1) virus in patients recruited through sentinel general practices in Victoria and Western Australia in 2007 and 2008 were compared with early publications on infection with swine origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in the United States and Europe.Results  Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection was predominantly a disease of younger people, regardless of whether the virus was of swine or human origin. The median age of infection with swine origin virus was 20 years in the United States and 22 years in Spain, while the median age of infection with human origin virus was 18 years in Western Australia and 23 years in Victoria.Conclusions  The median age of infection with influenza A (H1N1) virus was around 20 ± 3 years, independent of the origin of the H1N1 virus but a higher proportion of swine origin influenza infections occurred in people aged 10–18 years. This is at least partially explained by biased sampling among surveillance patients, although it may also reflect a different infection pattern.
Actinopathies and Myosinopathies
Authors: Goebel Hans H. , Laing Nigel G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe currently recognized two forms of “anabolic” protein aggregate myopathies, that is, defects in development, maturation and final formation of respective actin and myosin filaments encompass actinopathies and myosinopathies. The former are marked by mutations in the ACTA1 gene, largely of the de novo type. Aggregates of actin filaments are deposited within muscle fibers. Early clinical onset is often congenital; most patients run a rapidly progressive course and die during their first 2 years of life. Myosinopathies or myosin storage myopathies also commence in childhood, but show a much more protracted course owing to mutations in the myosin heavy chain gene MYH7. Protein aggregation consists of granular material in muscle fibers and few, if any, filaments.
From renewable energy to fire risk reduction: a synthesis of biomass harvesting and utilization case studies in US forests
Authors: EVANS A. M. , FINKRAL A. J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe volatile costs of fossil fuels, concerns about the associated greenhouse gas emissions from these fuels, and the threat of catastrophic wildfires in western North America have resulted in increased interest and activity in the removal and use of woody biomass from forests. However, significant economic and logistical challenges lie between the forests and the consumers of woody biomass. In this study, we provide a current snapshot of how biomass is being removed from forests and used across the United States to demonstrate the wide variety of successful strategies, funding sources, harvesting operations, utilization outlets, and silvicultural prescriptions. Through an analysis of 45 case studies, we identified three themes that consistently frame each biomass removal and utilization operation: management objectives, ecology, and economics. The variety and combination of project objectives exemplified by the case studies means biomass removals are complex and difficult to categorize for analysis. However, the combination of objectives allows projects to take advantage of unique opportunities such as multiple funding sources and multiparty collaboration. The case studies also provide insight into the importance of ecological considerations in biomass removal both because of the opportunity for forest restoration and the risk of site degradation. The national view of the economic aspects of biomass removal provided by this wide variety of case studies includes price and cost ranges. This study is an important first step that helps define woody biomass removals which are becoming an essential part of forestry in the 21st century.
Chromosomal Abnormalities in Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Feldman Adam , Delmege David , Bunker Tim 
Published: June 2009

Background Frozen shoulder is a chronic fibrosing condition affecting the capsule of the joint. The predominant cells involved are fibroblasts and myofibroblasts that lay down a dense matrix of type I and type III collagen within the capsule. This subsequently contracts leading to the typical features of pain and stiffness. The histology is very similar to Dupuytren's contracture [1] – [5] . Chromosomal abnormalities, particularly Trisomy 7 and 8, have been found in Dupuytren's disease. Methods The aim of this study was to see if there are chromosomal changes in frozen shoulder. The anterosuperior shoulder joint capsule was excised in 16 patients with resistant primary frozen shoulder according to the method of Ozaki et al. [4] . The tissue was examined for chromosomal abnormalities using standard cytogenetic methods. Results Ten of the 16 showed chromosomal abnormalities, of which 7 had clonal chromosomal abnormalities; 4 had trisomy 7, 2 had trisomy 8, and 1 both trisomy 7 and 8. Conclusion This is approximately the same percentage and numerical type of change to the same chromosomes as previously reported in Dupuytren's disease.
The Relationship between Glenoid Bone Density and the Pullout Strength of Suture Anchors
Authors: Mimar Raghad , Limb David , Hall Richard M. 
Published: June 2009

Background The use of suture anchors in glenoid labral reattachment is now routine in many shoulder procedures. However, debate still surrounds the biomechanical characteristics of suture anchors and the interplay with bone quality. Methods Eight embalmed cadaveric glenoids were investigated using a microCT and a tensile testing machine to study the correlation between the bone mineral density of four different regions on the glenoid rim and the pullout strength of the suture anchor. Six constructs failed by suture breakage whilst the remaining 25 positions suffered suture pullout. This study differed from previous investigations by using Orthocord, a much stronger suture material permitting better evaluation of bone properties. Results The mean failure load at pullout and suture compromise was 125 ± 40 N and 189 ± 25 N, respectively. The largest value of bone mineral density (BMD) was found at the posterior suture site, whilst the lowest occurred at the inferior edge of the anterior margin. For those constructs that failed by anchor pullout a significant correlation was observed between failure load and local bone mineral density (rPearson = 0.56, p = 0.004). Conclusion This relationship between local bone quality and pullout strength maybe a clinical indicator of the relative risk of failure following the suture repairs and warrants further exploration.