bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Defining Aspect of Human Resilience in the Workplace: A Structural Modeling Approach
Authors: Everly George S. , Davy Jeanettte A. , Smith Kenneth J. , Lating Jeffrey M. , Nucifora Frederick C. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives: It has been estimated that up to 90% of the US population is exposed to at least 1 traumatic event during their lifetime. Although there is growing evidence that most people are resilient, meaning that they have the ability to adapt to or rebound from adversity, between 5% and 10% of individuals exposed to traumatic events meet criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. Therefore, identifying the elements of resilience could lead to interventions or training programs designed to enhance resilience. In this article, we test the hypothesis that the effects of stressor conditions on outcomes such as job-related variables may be mediated through the cognitive and affective registrations of those events, conceptualized as subjective stress arousal.Methods: The subjects were 491 individuals employed in public accounting, who were sampled from a mailing list provided by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. The stressors used in this study were role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload and the outcome measures were performance, turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and burnout. Stress arousal was measured using a previously developed stress arousal scale. We conducted a series of 2 EQS structural modeling analyses to assess the impact of stress arousal. The first model examined only the direct effects from the role stressors to the outcome constructs. The second model inserted stress arousal as a mediator in the relations between the role stressors and the outcomes.Results: The results of our investigation supported the notion that subjective stress arousal provides greater explanatory clarity by mediating the effects of stressors upon job-related outcome. Including stress arousal in the model provided a much more comprehensive understanding of the relation between stressor and outcomes, and the contribution of role ambiguity and role conflict were better explained.Conclusions: By understanding these relations, anticipatory guidance and crisis intervention programs can be designed and implemented to enhance human resilience. These data could serve to improve training programs for these “at risk” professional groups or even the population as a whole.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:98–105)
Working With Interpreters During International Health Responses
Authors: Zoraster Richard M. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTHealth care providers face multiple difficulties in providing care to a disaster-stricken community. Training, preparation, and a good attitude are important, as is adequate logistical support. An often-ignored issue is the difficulty encountered with language barriers during a response, and how using interpreters affects the quality and impact of the health care provided. This article reviews the use of interpreters and focuses on how they may affect an international health care response.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:159–163)
Rapid Titration of Viruses by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Drayman Nir , Oppenheim Ariella 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTraditionally, the most common methods used to titrate virus stocks are the plaque assay and the hemagglutination assay. The protocol presented here is based on the detection of viral‐expressed proteins in infected cells by flow cytometry. It is simpler and more rapid than the traditional plaque‐forming assay and it enables high‐throughput analyses. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 51:26.11.1‐26.11.7. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Enzymatic Assay for Detection of Viral Entry
Authors: Tscherne Donna M. , García‐Sastre Adolfo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis unit describes a viral entry assay where a beta‐lactamase reporter protein fused to the matrix protein of either influenza (BlaM1) or ebola virus (BlaVP40) is packaged as a structural component into virus‐like particles (VLPs). The Bla reporter is released upon fusion with target cells and can be detected in live cells by flow cytometry, microscopy, or a fluorometric plate reader for utility in high‐throughput screening approaches. The transfer of Bla to a target cell by BlaM1 or BlaVP40 VLPs requires the presence of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) or EboV glycoprotein (GP), respectively. This straightforward assay has broad application for studying the entry steps of enveloped viruses, especially those that require high levels of biosafety containment. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 51:26.12.1‐26.12.10. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Site‐Specific Placement of Au Nanoparticles on Chemical Nanopatterns Prepared by Molecular Transfer Printing Using Block‐Copolymer Films
Authors: Onses M. Serdar , Thode Christopher J. , Liu Chi‐Chun , Ji Shengxiang , Cook Peter L. , Himpsel Franz J. , Nealey Paul F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractInexpensive, large area patterning of ex‐situ synthesized metallic nanoparticles (NPs) at the nanoscale may enable many technologies including plasmonics, nanowire growth, and catalysis. Here, site‐specific localization of Au NPs onto nanoscale chemical patterns of polymer brushes is investigated. In this approach, patterns of hydroxyl‐terminated poly(styrene) brushes are transferred from poly(styrene‐block‐methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) block copolymer films onto a replica substrate via molecular transfer printing, and the remaining areas are filled with hydroxyl‐terminated poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) (P2VP‐OH) brushes. Citrate‐stabilized Au NPs (13 nm) selectively bind to P2VP‐OH functionalized regions and the quality of the resulting assemblies depends on high chemical contrast in the patterned brushes. Minimization of the interpenetration of P2VP‐OH chains into PS brushes during processing is the key for achieving high chemical contrast. Large area hexagonal arrays of single Au NPs with a placement accuracy of 3.4 nm were obtained on patterns (∼20 nm spots, ∼40 nm pitch) derived from self‐assembled cylinder‐forming PS‐b‐PMMA films. Linear arrays of Au NPs were generated on patterns (40 nm lines, 80nm pitch) derived from lamellae‐forming PS‐b‐PMMA that had been directed to assemble on lithographically defined masters.
5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine, the Sixth Base of the Genome
Authors: Münzel Martin , Globisch Daniel , Carell Thomas 
Published: June 2011

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) was recently discovered as a new constituent of mammalian DNA. Besides 5‐methylcytosine (mC), it is the only other modified base in higher organisms. The discovery is of enormous importance because it shows that the methylation of cytosines to imprint epigenetic information is not a final chemical step that leads to gene silencing but that further chemistry occurs at the methyl group that might have regulatory function. Recent progress in hmC detection—most notably LC‐MS and glucosyltransferase assays—helped to decipher the precise distribution of hmC in the body. This led to the surprising finding that, in contrast to constant mC levels, the hmC levels are strongly tissue‐specific. The highest values of hmC are found in the central nervous system. It was furthermore discovered that hmC is involved in regulating the pluripotency of stem cells and that it is connected to the processes of cellular development and carcinogenesis. Evidence is currently accumulating that hmC may not exclusively be an intermediate of an active demethylation process, but that it functions instead as an important epigenetic marker.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) blend film with m‐aramid as an N‐halamine precursor for antimicrobial activity
Authors: Lee Jaewoong , Whang Hyun Suk 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was blended with m‐aramid as an N‐halamine precursor for imparting antimicrobial activity. A series of PVA/m‐aramid blend films were produced with different ratios of PVA/m‐aramid by weight (100/0, 100/2, 100/6, 100/10, and 100/50). The films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR spectra of the PVA/m‐aramid blends are a combination of the spectra of pure PVA and of pure m‐aramid. However, the peak intensity in the m‐aramid decreases with decreasing m‐aramid content from 50 to 2 wt % in PVA. It implies the compatibility of m‐aramid in the PVA/m‐aramid blend films. Furthermore, a single glass transition temperature (Tg) for all blend films by DSC confirms that PVA/m‐aramid is successfully miscible. The crystallinity of PVA/m‐aramid blend films decreases slightly with increasing m‐aramid content in the blend films. This agrees with the results obtained by WAXD. However, melting point and thermal stability of the blend films increases with increasing m‐aramid content in the blend films. Chlorinated PVA/2% m‐aramid blend film produces about 5.7 log reduction of both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria at 30 min contact, implying sufficient antimicrobial activity. Therefore, PVA/m‐aramid blend films may serve as a novel material for biomedical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Glutamine‐chitosan microparticles as oral insulin delivery matrix: In vitro characterization
Authors: Rekha M. R. , Sharma Chandra P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractChitosan at physiological pH lacks positive charge which reduces the mucoadhesivity and permeation enhancing capacity. Therefore glutamine conjugated chitosan (GC) was developed to enhance the protonation of chitosan at intestinal pH. Particles were prepared by sodium tripolyphosphate ionic crosslinking and were evaluated in vitro for its application toward oral insulin delivery. The particles had high positive charge of 35.6 ± 7.3 mV at physiological pH and a size of 4.434 μm. The mucoadhesive capacity was established in vitro using rat intestinal tissue. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and confocal microscopy studies proved the ability of the particles in opening the tight junctions in Caco 2 monolayers. The permeation of fluorescent dextran (MW 4000; FD4) across intestinal tissue was evaluated using Franz diffusion apparatus. It was observed that the GC particles enhanced the permeation by 1.52 fold in comparison with native chitosan (NC) particles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Student‐directed fresh tissue anatomy course for physician assistants
Authors: McBride Jennifer M. , Drake Richard L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHealthcare providers in all areas and levels of education depend on their knowledge of anatomy for daily practice. As educators, we are challenged with teaching the anatomical sciences in creative, integrated ways and often within a condensed time frame. This article describes the organization of a clinical anatomy course with a peer taught unembalmed (fresh‐tissue) cadaver laboratory in the 2010 summer term of a new physician assistant program. To fit within the allotted 12 week time frame, students meet every Monday for both the classroom and laboratory component of the course. Students prepare for these sessions by reviewing a list of learning objectives and completing assigned textbook readings. Classroom sessions involve faculty presentations and are facilitated with the use of self‐assessment questions and accompanying images. The afternoon laboratory sessions which follow the classroom sessions are comprised of four to five stations presented by first‐ and second‐year medical students and a resident radiologist. End of course evaluations indicate that students felt that the course objectives were clear, achievable, and taught effectively with relevant clinical correlates. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Bestimmung konsistenter zwischenmolekularer Potentiale realer Gase aus Meßwerten des isothermen Drosseleffektes und des 2. Virialkoeffizienten Teil I: Meßwerte des isothermen Drosseleffektes von Propan, Schwefelhexafluorid, Difluorchlormethan und Propylen
Authors: Bier K. , Maurer G. , Sand H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDie Bestimmung der zwischenmolekularen Wechselwirkung realer Gase durch Anpassung der Parameter eines Potentialansatzes an Meßwerte des zweiten Virialkoeffizienten und des isothermen Drosseleffektes beim Druck Null hat den Vorteil, daß der Zusammenhang beider Größen mit der Potentialfunktion auch für mehratomige Gase streng gilt und daß die zur Anpassung benutzten Meßwerte unabhängig vom speziellen Potentialansatz auf thermodynamische Konsistenz geprüft werden können. Die Anwendung dieser Methode ist dadurch beschränkt, daß nur für wenige Gase zuverlässige Meßwerte des isothermen Drosseleffektes bekannt sind. Im ersten Teil der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde deshalb für die Gase Propan, Propylen, Schwefelhexafluorid und Difluorchlormethan durch Messung der spezifischen Wärme und des differentiellen Joule‐Thomson‐Koeffizienten der isotherme Drosseleffekt bestimmt. Zusammen mit früheren Meßergebnissen, die am gleichen Institut mit einer ähnlichen Apparatur gewonnen wurden, liegen jetzt für die genannten vier Gase sowie für Äthan experimentelle Werte des isothermen Drosseleffektes beim Druck Null im Temperaturbereich von etwa 20°C bis 200°C vor, deren Genauigkeit etwa 1% beträgt und die mit genauen p,v, T‐Daten aus der Literatur konsistent sind.
The Diffusive Crystallization of the Organic Metal TTF‐TCNQ
Authors: Carlsen Lars , Johansen Ib , Galster Georg , Bechgaard Klaus 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe diffusion coefficients of the single compounds in the tetrathiafulvalene‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyano‐p‐quinodimethane (TTF‐TCNQ) system have been determined electrochemically in acetonitrile, butyronitrile, and two solutions of PMMA in acetonitrile, adopting the rotating‐disk‐electrode method, in the temperature range from 30 to 40°C. The diffusion coefficients have been used as parameters in calculations on the diffusive crystallization of the organic metal TTF‐TCNQ, under low gravity conditions, in order to establish ideal concentrations of TTF and TCNQ as well as the design of the crystal growth reactors to be used on the first Spacelab mission, where the growth of the TTF‐TCNQ crystals assumably will be determined by diffusion rather than by gravity‐induced convection.
Pressure and Temperature Dependence of the Longitudinal Deuterium Relaxation Times in Supercooled Heavy Water to 300 MPa and 188 K
Authors: Lang E. , Lüdemann H.‐D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe longitudinal deuteron relaxation times T1 in heavy water have been determined at 15.4 MHz in the temperature range from T = 283 K to 188 K and up to pressures of 300 MPa. Between 283 K and 200 K all isotherms exhibit pronounced maxima of T1 in the pressure range between 150 MPa and 300 MPa. This maximum is most pronounced in the 242 K isotherm, where T1 increases more than fourfold from 17 ms at 0.1 MPa to 73 ms at 250 MPa. The 225 MPa isobar runs at 192 K through a minimum: T1 = 0.5 ms. Under the assumption of isotropic reorientation one derives from the minimum condition (ω0 ·τθ ⋍ 0.62) the deuteron quadrupole coupling constant for D2O to CDQC = 214 ± 12 kHz. The isobaric temperature dependence of the correlation times τθ can be described at p ≥ 200 MPa by the VTF‐equation. At p ≤ 100 MPa τθ increases faster with falling temperature than predicted by the VTF‐equation. In this range the isobars are best represented by an equation proposed by Speedy and Angell:

The determination of τθ permits an estimate of the viscosity η and the self‐diffusion coefficient D for D2O in the supercooled range. Around T = 190 K and p = 225 MPa one gets η ⋍ 4 Pa · s and D ⋍ 6 · 10−9 cm2/s.
Study of the Vaporization of Amalgams with a New Knudsen Cell Mass Spectrometer System Part I: The Compounds MgHg and MgHg2
Authors: Hilpert K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe evaporation of the compounds MgHg and MgHg2 was determined with a new Knudsen cell‐quadrupole mass spectrometer system designed especially for the study of amalgams. The potentialities and the construction of the instrument are described. — The compounds MgHg and MgHg2 evaporate according to the reactions

The Hg pressures refering to the reactions (1) and (2) are given by the relations

The enthalpies of the reactions (1) and (2) could be determined according to the second‐ and third‐law method. The following selected enthalpies of reaction were obtained: ΔH0298 = 186.8 ± 1.7 kJ mol−1 for Eq. (1) and ΔH0298 = 65.5 ± 0.6 kJ mol−1 for Eq. (2).
Inappropriate Confidence and Retirement Planning: Four Studies with a National Sample
Authors: Parker Andrew M. , de Bruin Wändi Bruine , Yoong Joanne , Willis Robert 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTFinancial decisions about investing and saving for retirement are increasingly complex, requiring financial knowledge and confidence in that knowledge. Few studies have examined whether direct assessments of individuals' confidence are related to the outcomes of their financial decisions. Here, we analyzed data from a national sample recruited through RAND's American Life Panel, an Internet panel study of US adults aged 18–88 years. We examined the relationship of confidence with self‐reported and actual financial decisions, using four different tasks, each performed by overlapping samples of American Life Panel participants. The four tasks were designed by different researchers for different purposes, using different methods to assess confidence. Yet, measures of confidence were correlated across tasks, and results were consistent across methodologies. Confidence and knowledge showed only modest positive correlations. However, even after controlling for actual knowledge, individuals with greater confidence were more likely to report financial planning for retirement and to successfully minimize fees on a hypothetical investment task. Implications for the role of confidence in investment behavior (even if it is unjustified) is discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of eukaryotic genome architecture: Insights from the study of a rapidly evolving metazoan, Oikopleura dioica
Authors: Chavali Sreenivas , Morais David A. de Lima , Gough Julian , Babu M. Madan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRecent sequencing of the metazoan Oikopleura dioica genome has provided important insights, which challenges the current understanding of eukaryotic genome evolution. Many genomic features of O. dioica show deviation from the commonly observed trends in other eukaryotic genomes. For instance, O. dioica has a rapidly evolving, highly compact genome with a divergent intron‐exon organization. Additionally, O. dioica lacks the minor spliceosome and key DNA repair pathway genes. Even with a compact genome, O. dioica contains tandem repeats, comparable to other eukaryotes, and shows lineage‐specific expansion of certain protein domains. Here, we review its genomic features in the context of current knowledge, discuss implications for contemporary biology and identify areas for further research. Analysis of the O. dioica genome suggests that non‐adaptive forces such as elevated mutation rates might influence the evolution of genome architecture. The knowledge of unique genomic features and splicing mechanisms in O. dioica may be exploited for synthetic biology applications, such as generation of orthogonal splicing systems.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of nomifensine in human plasma and urine by derivatization with fluorescamine
Authors: Ulu Sevgi Tatar 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA sensitive, simple and rapid spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of nomifensine in human plasma and urine. The present method was based on the derivatization by fluorescamine in phosphate buffer at pH 4.0 to produce a highly fluorescent product which was measured at 488 nm (excitation at 339 nm). The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, recovery and robustness. The assay was linear over the concentration ranges 100–2,000 and 50–2,000 ng/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. The limits of detection were calculated to be 13.9 and 7.5 ng/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of the drug in human plasma and urine. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple HPLC method for detection of trace ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in high‐purity methamphetamine
Authors: Makino Yukiko 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA simple and sensitive HPLC technique was developed for the qualitative determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine (ephedrines), used as precursors of clandestine d‐methamphetamine hydrochloride of high purity. Good separation of ephedrines from bulk d‐methamphetamine was achieved, without any extraction or derivatization procedure on a CAPCELLPACK C18 MGII (250 × 4.6 mm) column. The mobile phase consisted of 50 mM KH2PO4–acetonitrile (94:6 v/v %) using an isocratic pump system within 20 min for detecting two analytes. One run took about 50 min as it was necessary to wash out overloaded methamphetamine for column conditioning. The analytes were detected by UV absorbance measurement at 210 nm. A sample (20 mg) was simply dissolved in 1 mL of water, and a 50 μL aliquot of the solution was injected into the HPLC. The detection limits for ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in bulk d‐methamphetamine were as low as 3 ppm each. This analytical separation technique made it possible to detect ephedrine and/or pseudoephedrine in seven samples of high‐purity d‐methamphetamine hydrochloride seized in Japan. The presence of trace ephedrines in illicit methamphetamine may strongly indicate a synthetic route via ephedrine in methamphetamine profiling. This method is simple and sensitive, requiring only commonly available equipment, and should be useful for high‐purity methamphetamine profiling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
McBurney's button‐hole to the posterior interosseous nerve
Authors: Mylne Miranda Layla Rosalynn , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMcBurney's button‐hole is an exposure technique for the posterior interosseous nerve quoted in Anrold Kirkpatrick Henry's famous book Extensile Exposures. This short article discusses the overlap between three historical surgeons, Thompson, Henry and McBurney to discover the meaning of the reference and technique, which is used by surgeons to this day. Clin. Anat. 25:146–148, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teaching object‐oriented programming with AEIOU
Authors: Licea Guillermo , Juárez‐Ramírez Reyes , Gaxiola Carelia , Aguilar Leocundo , Martínez Luis G. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTAEIOU is an integrated programming environment developed to support the teaching–learning process of object‐oriented programming in a gradual way. AEIOU includes three modules, one for each level of students' expertise: novice, intermediate, and advanced. This article describes the features of each module of AEIOU and the experiences and results obtained using this programming environment to support the sequence of programming courses in two Mexican engineering schools. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:309–319, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.20556