bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring drug release performance of hollow‐structured CS/SA/POSS composite gel spheres employing hydrophilic polymerizable AS‐POSS as crosslinker
Authors: Meng Yang , Shi Mengke , Feng Wenbo , Zhang Lingji , Zhang Hongzhong , Zhang Xiaojing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study prepares a series of hollow‐structured CS/SA/POSS composite gel spheres with a diameter of ~2.5 mm by using hydrophilic Janus‐type polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (AS‐POSS) as a crosslinking agent in combination with sodium alginate and chitosan via electrostatic adsorption/free radical polymerization. As the content of POSS increases, the wall thickness of the gel spheres also increases from 20 to 30 μm, leading to a more compact and smooth wall structure in the polymerized CS/SA/POSS composite gel spheres. Additionally, the introduction and polymerization of POSS significantly enhance the stability, drug loading rate, and entrapment rate of the gel spheres, providing them with improved drug release capabilities. For hydrophilic drug doxorubicin, the loading rate and encapsulation rate reach 41.2% and 79.9%, respectively, while for the hydrophobic drug ibuprofen, they are 14.7% and 76.3%. Compared to some previously reported drug‐loaded gel materials, the gels prepared in this study demonstrate relatively higher drug loading performance. Thus, these hollow‐structured CS/SA/POSS composite gel spheres hold promise as innovative drug carriers in the biomedical field.
Evaluation of the therapeutic action of original antiviral drug in SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Melkonian Arthur K. , Hakobyan Gagik V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurpose of this article is to study the possible direct antiviral effect of “Armenikum” on SARS‐CoV‐2, conduct an in vitro study on the SARS‐CoV‐2 encephalomocarditis virus, and an in vivo study on the Syrian hamster model. Human coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 (delta strain) was used as the virus. Two groups of four‐specimen hamsters were used to study the therapeutic activity of the drug during 48 h after infecting. One group of hamsters served as positive control and was infected with the virus at a similar dose as experimental one and was used as a control of pathology induced by the viral infection till the end of the experiment. Another group of hamsters (four of them) was injected physiological solution and was used as a control. The Syrian hamsters underwent a clinical blood test and computed tomography. “Armenikum” in the form of an injection has a significant antiviral effect on the human coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, credibly reducing the titers of the virus and the time of its elimination from the Syrian hamsters, significantly mitigating the viral infection. “Armenikum” in the form of an injection drug almost completely removes the pathological effect of the virus in the lungs of the hamsters.
Klassifizierung der Gewölbebrücken im Netz der Deutschen Bahn
Authors: Keßler Jenny , Pelka Conrad , Marx Steffen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDer Erhalt und der Gedanke des Weiterbauens sind elementare Bestandteile zielgerichteter Sanierungsmaßnahmen zur wesentlichen Verbesserung von Bestandstragwerken. Besonders die Brückenbauwerke im Netz der Deutschen Bahn (DB) und im Speziellen Eisenbahngewölbebrücken können durch ihre Resttragfähigkeit und aufgezeigte hohe Nutzungsdauer das Ziel der Weiternutzung positiv unterstützen. Für eine erfolgreiche Nutzungsdauerverlängerung und einen einheitlichen Umgang mit diesen Tragwerksformen ist es notwendig, die etwa 6000 Gewölbebrücken zu klassifizieren. Dies wurde für den Regionalbereich Südost, mit den meisten Gewölbebrücken im Netz der DB, und eine definierte Stichprobenmenge aus anderen Regionen anhand von Planmaterial sowie Regelbegutachtungen vorgenommen. Eine erste Kategorisierung erfolgte über das geometrische Verhältnis von Bogenstich f zu lichter Weite L des Gewölbes. Hier konnten drei f/L‐Verhältnisse mit passenden Wertebereichen gefunden werden, die für alle Regionalbereiche der DB zutreffend sind. Um daraus weiterführende Empfehlungen zu Untersuchungen in exponierten Bereichen der Gewölbestruktur zu geben, wurden die f/L‐Gruppen mit den aufgefundenen Schadensarten in den verschiedenen Gewölbebrückenbereichen verknüpft. So können außerdem zielgerichtete Sanierungsmethoden abgeleitet werden. Die Beanspruchungen können für Gewölbe vereinfacht über den Stützlinienverlauf im Bogen eingeschätzt werden.
Enhancing Aluminium‐Ion Battery Performance with Carbon Xerogel Cathodes
Authors: Almodóvar Paloma , Rey‐Raap Natalia , Flores‐López Samanta L. , Sotillo Belén , Santos Lara , Tinoco Miguel , Ramírez‐Castellanos Julio , Álvarez‐Serrano Inmaculada , López María Luisa , Cameán Ignacio , Arenillas Ana , Chacón Joaquín , García Ana B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents groundbreaking results in the field of rechargeable aluminium‐ion batteries, achieving stable capacities exceeding 300 mAh g−1 for more than 300 cycles. The key to this achievement lies in the utilization of tailor‐made carbon materials and a urea‐AlCl3‐based electrolyte. The article investigates the optimal physicochemical properties of the active material necessary for effective electrodes for these aluminium‐ion batteries. This investigation employs a wide range of materials characterization techniques (XRD, SEM‐EDX, N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms, Hg porosimetry, XPS, FTIR, Raman and TEM‐EDX) and electrochemical performance analyses to delve into the subject. These findings represent a significant improvement in the capacity of aluminium‐ion batteries, bringing us closer to their implementation and commercialization. This achievement is attributed to the utilization of readily available, cost‐effective, and non‐corrosive materials. The ability to customize carbon xerogels and the use of the urea‐AlCl3 electrolyte offer promising avenues for the practical implementation of these advanced battery technologies, leading to further enhancements in their performance and widespread adoption in various applications.
MOF‐Derived Porous Carbon for Zinc‐ion Hybrid Capacitors with Ultra‐High Energy Density and Long Cycling Life
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Wu Xiang , Luo Shaohua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractZinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZHC) have been considered as emerging sustainable electrochemical energy storage devices. They integrate the benefits of high‐energy density of aqueous zinc ion battery (ZIB) with high‐power density of supercapacitor (SC). Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used to design electrode materials for portable devices, especially in some energy storage fields because of their large specific surface area and adjustable pore structures. In this work, we prepare porous Mn3O4/C nanosheets with Mn‐BDC as a precursor. The assembled device delivers a specific capacitance of 155.3 mAh g−1 at a current of 3 A g−1 and keeps a retention rate of 97.7 % after 10,000 cycles. Moreover, it provides an energy density of 464.5 Wh kg−l at a power density of 100 W kg−1.
Immobilization of an endophytic Bacillus sp. on Phragmites karka stem for lipase production in the presence of Cassia fistula seeds
Authors: Ashraf Maria M. , Sohail Muhammad , Abideen Zainul , Ali Syed Tariq , Alanazi Abdullah K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEndophytic bacteria have not been reported widely for their lipolytic abilities, so they are not used for large‐scale lipase production. The purpose of this study was to explore an endophytic bacterium for the production of lipase implementing cost‐effective techniques, including the use of Cassia fistula seeds, as a substrate in the production medium and stem pieces of Phragmites karka as the immobilization matrix. The endophytic strain Bacillus sp. E4 was originally isolated from the halophytic plant Arthrocnemum macrostachyum. Bacillus sp. E4 produced 6.05 IU mL−1 lipase in the presence of powdered seeds of Cassia fistula (golden shower tree). Initial trial experiments using a one‐factor‐at‐a‐time approach led to an improvement in lipase titers to 10.05 IU mL−1. Consequently, investigations using the Plackett–Burman design suggested the influence of three significant factors – incubation period, inoculum size, and substrate concentration – on lipase production. They were optimized using the Box–Behnken design (BBD). In the response optimization experiment, strain E4 yielded 52.35 IU mL−1 lipase, which was in accordance with the predicted yield and indicated an overall 8.65 fold improvement in lipase production. To investigate the use of free cells, strain E4 was immobilized on the stem pieces of a halophytic plant, Phragmites karka, which was used for the first time as an immobilization matrix. The immobilized cells retained lipase production ability for up to six cycles with the highest yield of 110 IU mL−1, which corresponded to an improvement of more than eighteenfold. Scanning electron micrographs confirmed the colonization of E4 cells in the matrix and demonstrated the utilization of C. fistula seeds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy affirmed the utilization of components including fatty acids by the immobilized E4 cells. The study suggests that endophytic bacterial strains could be applied for the production of lipase with the utilization of nontraditional oil sources.
Ureteroenteric strictures after cystectomy: Side‐specific risk factors and radiological assessment
Authors: Brandt Simone Buchardt , Ibsen Lotte , Lam Gitte Wrist , Bøttcher Morten , Kingo Pernille Skjold , Jensen Jørgen Bjerggaard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate risk factors contributing to side‐specific benign ureteroenteric strictures following radical cystectomy with an ileal conduit.Materials and MethodsData obtained from patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy with ileal conduit surgery between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Imaging prior to surgery was analysed, regarding calcifications in the aorta, sarcopenia and postoperatively for length of remaining left ureter. Descriptive analyses were performed on preoperative and perioperative data, comparing patients who developed unilateral left‐ or right‐sided strictures, bilateral strictures, to those who remained free of strictures. COX regression analysis was employed to calculate crude and adjusted hazard ratio for side‐specific strictures.ResultsThe study included 395 patients. Strictures developed in 19% (75/395) of the patients, within a median period of 9 months: 57% (43/75) unilateral left sided, 20% (15/75) unilateral right sided and 23% (17/75) bilateral. Unilateral left‐sided stricture was associated with higher body mass index (p = 0.077) and hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.007). Right‐sided stricture was associated with a history of prior abdominal surgery (p = 0.029) and postoperative leakage (p = 0.004). Bilateral stricture was associated with smoking (p = 0.006) and high BMI (p = 0.015). The adjusted HR comparing patients with and without previous abdominal surgery was only significantly higher for right‐sided ureteroenteric strictures (HR 3.18 [95% CI: 1.11; 9.05]) compared with patients without strictures. No association was identified between strictures and preoperative aortic calcification of the abdominal aorta or sarcopenia as estimated from imaging.ConclusionThe aetiology of ureteroenteric strictures appears multifactorial. Our findings suggest that development of left‐sided stricture is influenced by factors associated with metabolic syndrome, indicating a potential role of distal ureteric ischemia. On the other hand, right‐sided stricture was more frequent in patients with previous abdominal surgery and postoperative leakage.
Neues DGZfP‐Merkblatt B14: Quantifizierung von Chlorid in Beton mittels LIBS
Authors: Völker Tobias , Gottlieb Cassian , Kapteina Gesa , Wilsch Gerd , Millar Steven , Reichling Kenji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBei der Erhaltung von Stahlbetonbauwerken ist der Chloridgehalt im Beton ein wichtiger Parameter zur Festlegung geeigneter Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen. Die bisher etablierten Verfahren basieren auf der nasschemischen Analyse einer Probe, Bohrmehl oder aufgemahlener Segmente eines Bohrkerns. Das Verfahren liefert einen Chloridgehalt je Tiefensegment, was mit einer starken Homogenisierung der Probe einhergeht, wodurch detaillierte Informationen zu Chloridunterschieden im Millimeterbereich verloren gehen. Eine alternative Methode ist die laserinduzierte Plasmaspektroskopie (LIBS), die nicht nur die quantitative ortsaufgelöste Bestimmung des Chloridgehalts im Bezug zur Zementmasse ermöglicht, sondern auch simultan detaillierte Informationen über die Verteilung vieler anderer chemischer Elemente liefert. Die räumliche Auflösung liegt in der Regel im Bereich von einigen Millimetern, kann aber bei Bedarf auf 0,1 mm oder weniger erhöht werden. Das neue Merkblatt B14 „Quantifizierung von Chlorid in Beton mit der laserinduzierten Plasmaspektroskopie (LIBS)“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfungen (DGZfP) regelt und vereinheitlicht erstmals die zuverlässige und reproduzierbare Ermittlung des Chloridgehalts mit LIBS. In diesem Beitrag wird das Merkblatt vorgestellt und anhand praktischer Anwendungsbeispiele das Potenzial von LIBS für Fragestellungen in der Betonerhaltung verdeutlicht.
Flavin‐containing monooxygenase (FMO): Beyond xenobiotics
Authors: Bhat Ajay , Carranza Faith R. , Tuckowski Angela M. , Leiser Scott F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlavin‐containing monooxygenases (FMOs), traditionally known for detoxifying xenobiotics, are now recognized for their involvement in endogenous metabolism. We recently discovered that an isoform of FMO, fmo‐2 in Caenorhabditis elegans, alters endogenous metabolism to impact longevity and stress tolerance. Increased expression of fmo‐2 in C. elegans modifies the flux through the key pathway known as One Carbon Metabolism (OCM). This modified flux results in a decrease in the ratio of S‐adenosyl‐methionine (SAM) to S‐adenosyl‐homocysteine (SAH), consequently diminishing methylation capacity. Here we discuss how FMO‐2‐mediated formate production during tryptophan metabolism may serve as a trigger for changing the flux in OCM. We suggest formate bridges tryptophan and OCM, altering metabolic flux away from methylation during fmo‐2 overexpression. Additionally, we highlight how these metabolic results intersect with the mTOR and AMPK pathways, in addition to mitochondrial metabolism. In conclusion, the goal of this essay is to bring attention to the central role of FMO enzymes but lack of understanding of their mechanisms. We justify a call for a deeper understanding of FMO enzyme's role in metabolic rewiring through tryptophan/formate or other yet unidentified substrates. Additionally, we emphasize the identification of novel drugs and microbes to induce FMO activity and extend lifespan.
Recent insights from human induced pluripotent stem cell models into the role of microglia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Nikel Lara M. , Talbot Kevin , Vahsen Björn F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, primarily leading to the degeneration of motor neurons. The traditional focus on motor neuron‐centric mechanisms has recently shifted towards understanding the contribution of non‐neuronal cells, such as microglia, in ALS pathophysiology. Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology have enabled the generation of iPSC‐derived microglia monocultures and co‐cultures to investigate their role in ALS pathogenesis. Here, we briefly review the insights gained from these studies into the role of microglia in ALS. While iPSC‐derived microglia monocultures have revealed intrinsic cellular dysfunction due to ALS‐associated mutations, microglia‐motor neuron co‐culture studies have demonstrated neurotoxic effects of mutant microglia on motor neurons. Based on these findings, we briefly discuss currently unresolved questions and how they could be addressed in future studies. iPSC models hold promise for uncovering disease‐relevant pathways in ALS and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
Higher efficiency of vanadate iron in heterogeneous Fenton‐like systems to pretreat sugarcane bagasse and its enzymatic saccharification
Authors: Liang Ju , Zeng Huiying , Zhang Yuting , Zhou Wenbing , Xiao Naidong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPretreatment is crucial for effective enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose such as sugarcane bagasse (SCB). In the present study, SCB was pretreated with five kinds of heterogeneous Fenton‐like systems (HFSs), respectively, in which α‐FeOOH, α‐Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and FeS2 worked as four traditional heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalysts (HFCs), while FeVO4 worked as a novel HFC. The enzymatic reducing sugar conversion rate was then compared among SCB after different heterogeneous Fenton‐like pretreatments (HFPs), and the optimal HFS and pretreatment conditions were determined. The mechanism underlying the difference in saccharification efficiency was elucidated by analyzing the composition and morphology of SCB. Moreover, the ion dissolution characteristics, variation of pH and Eh values, H2O2 and hydroxyl radical (·OH) concentration of FeVO4 and α‐Fe2O3 HFSs were compared. The results revealed that the sugar conversion rate of SCB pretreated with FeVO4 HFS reached up to 58.25%, which was obviously higher than that under other HFPs. In addition, the surface morphology and composition of the pretreated SCB with FeVO4 HFS were more conducive to enzymatic saccharification. Compared with α‐Fe2O3, FeVO4 could utilize H2O2 more efficiently, since the dissolved Fe3+ and V5+ can both react with H2O2 to produce more ·OH, resulting in a higher hemicellulose and lignin removal rate and a higher enzymatic sugar conversion rate. It can be concluded that FeVO4 HFP is a promising approach for lignocellulose pretreatment.
Pluralistic psychotherapists' and counsellors' experiences of working with actively suicidal clients: A qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Muckley Leo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundClients presenting as suicidal have been widely recognised as one of the most challenging presenting issues for psychotherapists and counsellors. There is a wealth of literature exploring risk assessment, collaboration, goals, tasks, methods, shared decision making and client preferences employed in therapy with this presenting issue. Yet, no literature explicitly explores combining these approaches or provides a framework that integrates them. Working with actively suicidal clients as a pluralistic psychotherapist and counsellor (PCP) has not been thoroughly examined to date, even though this framework and philosophy for therapy combines many of the aforementioned approaches. Therefore, it is imperative that ways of working safely with this presenting issue, for both the client and the practitioner, are explored and researched through the lens of PCP.ObjectiveTo interpret and explore pluralistic psychotherapists' and counsellors' experiences of working with actively suicidal clients to find what might be added to the body of knowledge.MethodsA qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis of PCP with actively suicidal clients was conducted via four semi‐structured recorded interviews. Four participants were recruited purposively. Four themes and two subthemes were identified and explored.DiscussionThe findings showed PCP to be a robust holistic approach to actively suicidal clients that is safe for both client and practitioner. Furthermore, the results point towards the need for further research into the idea that PCP is useful when working with actively suicidal clients in line with recommended best practice from the client's perspective.
Current alternatives to traditional radial approach for coronary interventions: A randomized prospective study of the ulnar and distal radial approaches
Authors: Elwany Moustafa , Dawood Moustafa , Shakhlab Alaa , Sadaka Mohamed , Sobhy Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe radial artery is the standard access for coronary intervention; however, it is essential to have alternative accesses as it may be used as a conduit during coronary artery bypass grafting or for dialysis fistula. Ulnar and distal radial artery accesses have emerged as alternative accesses for traditional radial artery.AimTo compare distal radial artery access and ulnar artery access as alternatives to traditional radial artery access regarding safety, efficacy, and success rate.MethodsTwo‐hundred patients were included (100 traditional radial [TRA], 50 distal radial [DRA] and 50 ulnar). Access artery follow up ultrasound was performed up to 28 days.ResultsProcedural success rate was 97%, 74%, and 92% in the TRA, DRA and ulnar groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Crossover occurred in 3 patients (3%) in TRA, 13 patients (26%) in DRA and 4 cases (8%) in ulnar group (p < 0.001). The most common cause of crossover was failure of artery cannulation. Regarding cannulation time, the mean access time in seconds was 80.19 ± 25.98, 148.4 ± 29.60, 90.5 ± 21.84 in TRA, DRA and ulnar groups, respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study concluded that these new approaches proved to be potential alternatives to traditional radial approach; however, ulnar artery access proved to be superior to distal radial artery access as regards success rate and cannulation time.
Special Collection: Holistic Development of Electrochemical Processes for Industrial Systems
Authors: Segets Doris , Apfel Ulf‐Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis special collection is dedicated to the field of application‐oriented electrochemical processes and contains a diverse selection of original research contributions in this field. It reaches from a fundamental electrochemical understanding, over catalyst material development, to engineering technology. With this Special Collection key factors in energy transition processes are highlighted and emerging research topics to enable scale‐up from lab‐based fundamental research to industrial‐level system integration are showcased.
Ionic Porous Aromatic Frameworks Embedding Polyoxometalates for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Zhaofu , Zhai Yuhui , Gu Mengnan , Lei Hengtao , Li Yunxuan , Li Yue , Tian Yuyang , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPorous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) are highly promising functional porous solids known for their feasible amenability and extraordinary stability. When the framework was modified by ionic functional groups, these ionic PAFs (iPAFs) exhibited charged channels for adsorption, separation, and catalysis. However, the surface areas of ionic porous frameworks are usually lower than that of neutral frameworks, and their synthesis is limited by specific strategies and complex modification processes. To address these challenges, an intuitive route to construct ionic porous framework with high specific surface area was proposed. Herein, a multivariate ionic porous aromatic framework (MTV‐iPAFs, named PAF‐270) was synthesized using readily available building units with ionic functional groups through a multivariable synthesis strategy. PAF‐270 exhibited hierarchical structure with the highest specific surface area among reported imidazolium‐functionalized PAFs. Utilizing its physical and chemical properties, the availability for polyoxometalate loading and heterogeneous catalysis of PAF‐270 were explored. PAF‐270 exhibited a high adsorption capacity up to 50 % for both H3O40PW12 (HPW) and (NH4)5H6PV8Mo4O40 (V8). HPW@PAF‐270 and V8@PAF‐270 exhibited excellent catalytic abilities for oleic acid esterification and extractive oxidative desulfurization, respectively. Due to the stability of PAFs, these materials also showed remarkable resistance to temperature and pH changes. Overall, these results underscore the potential application of MTV‐iPAFs as versatile functional porous materials.