bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation sociale en début de scolatisation etmilieux de garde à la période préscolaire
Authors: Vitaro Frank , Desmarais-Gervais Lise , Tremblay Richard E. , Gagnon Claude 
Published: July 2012

Cet article porte sur le lien entre la fréquentation d’un milieu de garde avantl’entrée à la maternelle et la proportion d’enfants avec ou sans difficultésd’adaptation sociale en maternelle et en première année. Les difficultésd’adaptation, évaluées par les enseignants, se rapportent à trois dimensions :l’agressivité-hyperactivité, l’anxiété-retrait social, un déficit marqué en matièred’habilités sociales. Les résultats indiquent qu’une proportion plus grande degarçons et de filles en difficulté sur l’axe agressivité-hyperactivité en maternelleproviennent des milieux de garde en comparaison de ceux demeurant à la maison. Laproportion de ceux dont les problèmes de comportement persistent l’année suivanten’est toutefois pas associée au milieu de vie de l’enfant avant son entrée enmaternelle.
ORSP
: F
OR
ging Ahead in its Twenty‐Fifth Year
Authors: del Rosario Elise 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
ORSP has remained at the forefront of promoting the advancement and practice of OR in the Philippines since its formation 25 years ago by the practice and academic sectors. Its activities include organizing regular forums and international conferences, developing young professionals through its student chapters, publishing an online journal in its web site, and helping in nation building through its ORSP Committee on OR for Public Service (ORSP Corps).
O
perational
R
esearch
S
ociety of
N
epal (
ORSN
): An Introduction
Authors: Hada Sunity Shrestha 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Operational Research Society of Nepal (ORSN) is established on February 1, 2007 with an objective of providing a common platform for all academicians, practitioners, professionals, and others related to areas of Operations Research. It has become 53rd national member society of International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS) and the member of regional Asia Pacific Operational Research Societies (APORS). Members of ORSN can be any one with master degree in any discipline working in OR related fields. The activities of ORSN include regular talk program to share the research findings and experience sharing among OR personnel, organizing seminar and workshops, participating seminar/workshops/conferences to share experiences, and networking with national and international OR resource persons. ORSN has international publication “International Journal of Operational Research/Nepal (IJORN),” the first issue has been published on the occasion of its 6th anniversary on February 1, 2012. ORSN also plans to establish “Nepalese Institute of Operational Research (NIOR)” in Nepal. The fiscal management of ORSN is done with source of income as the membership fee, organizing workshop, training programs and other activities, and contributions from national and international individuals or agencies.
Effect of Misorientation on the Compression of Highly Anisotropic Single‐Crystal Micropillars
Authors: Soler Rafael , Molina‐Aldareguia Jon Mikel , Segurado Javier , LLorca Javier 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe effect of crystal misorientation, geometrical tilt, and contact misalignment on the compression of highly anisotropic single crystal micropillars was assessed by means of crystal plasticity finite element simulations. The investigation was focused in single crystals with the NaCl structure, like MgO or LiF, which present a marked plastic anisotropy as a result of the large difference in the critical resolved shear stress between the “soft” {110}〈110〉 and the “hard” {100}〈110〉 active slip systems. It was found that contact misalignment led to a large reduction in the initial stiffness of the micropillar in crystals oriented in the soft and hard direction. The crystallographic tilt did not modify, however, the initial crystal stiffness. From the viewpoint of the plastic response, none of the effects analyzed led to significant differences in the flow stress when the single crystals were oriented along the “soft” [100] direction. Large differences were found, however, if the single crystal was oriented in the “hard” [111] direction as a result of the activation of the soft slip system. Numerical simulations were in very good agreement with experimental literature data.
Templated Nanocarbons for Energy Storage
Authors: Nishihara Hirotomo , Kyotani Takashi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe template carbonization method is a powerful tool for producing carbon materials with precisely controlled structures at the nanometer level. The resulting templated nanocarbons exhibit extraordinarily unique (often ordered) structures that could never be produced by any of the conventional methods for carbon production. This review summarizes recent publications about templated nanocarbons and their composites used for energy storage applications, including hydrogen storage, electrochemical capacitors, and lithium‐ion batteries. The main objective of this review is to clarify the true significance of the templated nanocarbons for each application. For this purpose, the performance characteristics of almost all templated nanocarbons reported thus far are listed and compared with those of conventional materials, so that the advantages/disadvantages of the templated nanocarbons are elucidated. From the practical point of view, the high production cost and poor mass‐producibility of the templated nanocarbons make them rather difficult to utilize; however, the study of their unique, specific, and ordered structures enables a deeper insight into energy storage mechanisms and the guidelines for developing energy storage materials. Thus, another important purpose of this work is to establish such general guidelines and to propose future strategies for the production of carbon materials with improved performance for energy storage applications.
A Novel Codoping Approach for Enhancing the Performance of LiFePO4 Cathodes
Authors: Ban Chunmei , Yin Wan‐Jian , Tang Houwen , Wei Su‐Huai , Yan Yanfa , Dillon Anne C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBy combining experimental and theoretical studies, we have demonstrated that donor‐acceptor charge‐compensating codoping is a promising approach to significantly enhance the rate performance of LiFePO4 cathodes. Our density‐functional theory calculation predicts that codoping with Si on the P site and F on the O site modifies the nature of the conduction band edge of LiFePO4 from localized Fe 3d derived states to more delocalized F s and cation s derived states. This effect, thus changes the carrier transport from a poloron‐like to a band‐like mechanism, and consequently leads to significant improvement in the electrical conductivity of LiFePO4. Most importantly, our comparative doping experiments show that the electrical conductivity of Si P ‐FO codoped LiFePO4 exhibits at least 2 to 3 orders of magnitude increase in electrical conductivity as compared to that of un‐doped LiFePO4. Because of the dramatic improvement of electrical conductivity, the optimal Si‐F codoped LiFePO4 shows both a much higher rate‐capability than un‐doped LiFePO4 or LiFePO4 solely doped with either Si or F. Furthermore, we also believe that the charge‐compensating codoping approach may be employed to improve the performance of other cathode materials suffering from inferior electrical conductivities due to localized conduction band states.
Seasonal effects of clams (Panopea generosa) on eelgrass (Zostera marina) density but not recovery dynamics at an intertidal site
Authors: Ruesink Jennifer L. , Rowell Kirsten 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Today's marine ecosystems experience multiple stressors that complicate management and pose risks to resource protection. Clam aquaculture has several potential environmental effects including disturbance, space occupation, and modification of nutrient availability, which were assessed through a crossed experimental design of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) removal and geoduck clam (Panopea generosa Gould) addition in 1 m2 plots, in an eelgrass meadow in Puget Sound, Washington, USA.
Gaps recovered via clonal growth, with gap edges requiring more than 1 year and gap centres almost 2 years. Clams neither increased nor impeded eelgrass recovery, and clams did not reduce winter density of eelgrass.
During summer, clams reduced eelgrass density by 30% but increased shoot length by 13% and clonal branching by 9%. Eelgrass growth rates (~1 mgDW shoot‐1 d‐1) and C:N ratios (~11) did not differ across clam‐addition treatments, indicating no enhancement by fertilization.
At the end of the 2‐year experiment, clams were harvested, and this disturbance reduced eelgrass density by 70% in the geoduck plots.
As managers consider expansion of intertidal geoduck aquaculture regionally, these data indicate only a minor effect on eelgrass from the presence of clams themselves, but harvest disturbance is comparable with other studies of fishing in eelgrass. Nets and tubes that serve as predator‐exclusion devices during the early stages of the 5‐year crop cycle for geoduck clams remain to be examined for their ecological effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the Absolute Configurations of 3‐Alkylphthalides using TDDFT Calculations of Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Li Li , Si Yi‐Kang 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTAbsolute configurations (ACs) of 3‐alkylphthalides including natural products (−)‐3‐n‐butylphthalide ((S)‐1) and fuscinarin have been studied using chiroptical properties and quantum chemical calculation. Electronic circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion spectra of (S)‐1 predicted adopting time‐dependent density functional theory and hybrid functionals coincide very well with the experimental and literature data of (S)‐1, leading unambiguously to AC assignment as S for levorotatory isomer. The relationship between structures and chiroptical properties of 3‐alkylphthalides were also studied using theoretical calculation. It is found that when the alkyl group is adjacent to the single chiral center in the molecule, both the length of the alkyl side chain and the polarity of solvent may exert significant effect on electronic circular dichroism spectra. On the basis of these observations, it is recommended that the long‐chain alkyl group may be replaced by at least propyl instead of methyl group in such compounds. The present work shows that combination of chiroptical properties and ab initio calculations can provide a feasible and reliable way to the AC establishment of novel 3‐alkylphthalide derivatives with a high degree of confidence. Chirality 24:987‐993, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioremediation of Chlorinated Pesticides in Field‐Contaminated Soils and Suitability of Tenax Solid‐Phase Extraction as a Predictor of Its Effectiveness
Authors: Baczynski Tomasz P. , Pleissner Daniel , Krylow Malgorzata 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBioremediation is intensively studied today as a treatment method for soil contaminated with chlorinated pesticides, chemicals counted among persistent organic pollutants. In the presented work, results of desorption kinetics study using consecutive Tenax TA solid phase extraction (SPE) were tested as predictors of 3‐wk anaerobic soil bioremediation effectiveness for chlorinated pesticides γ‐HCH, DDT, and methoxychlor. Field‐contaminated samples were used in these experiments, and conditions of bioremediation tests were based on previous research. Amounts of pesticides removed during bioremediation (43–98% of initial concentrations) were in most cases much larger (average ratio 1.37) than rapidly desorbing fractions estimated in SPE using two‐compartment model of desorption kinetics. The scatter of results was also considerable (standard deviation 0.45). However, there was a statistically significant correlation between amounts removed and rapidly desorbing fractions (R2 = 0.64), indicating a relationship between degradability and desorbability. Nonetheless, determination of rapidly desorbing fractions was considered rather a poor indicator of soil bioremediation efficiency for chlorinated pesticides. The total amounts of pesticides desorbed by Tenax in 72 h performed better in this respect (R2 = 0.73, fraction removed/desorbed = 1.10 ± 0.20, average ± standard deviation). Disappearance of DDT during bioremediation was accompanied by DDD formation but this was considerably lower than results expected from stoichiometry.
Association of the interval between endoscopies with gastric cancer stage at diagnosis in a region of high prevalence
Authors: Nam Ji Hyung , Choi Il Ju , Cho Soo‐Jeong , Kim Chan Gyoo , Jun Jae Kwan , Choi Kui Son , Nam Byung‐Ho , Lee Jun Ho , Ryu Keun Won , Kim Young‐Woo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Endoscopy screening in high‐risk populations may reduce gastric cancer mortality by detecting cancer earlier. We evaluated the association between the interval between upper gastrointestinal endoscopies and the gastric cancer stage at diagnosis in patients from a region of high prevalence.METHODS:The study cohort consisted of 2485 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma. We evaluated the effect on cancer stage of the interval between the endoscopy that was diagnostic for gastric cancer and the endoscopy preceding it. Patients were stratified into 7 groups: 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, >5‐year intervals and those who were never screened.RESULTS:The risk of higher cancer stage at diagnosis increased by 23% per increase in interval length (odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19‐1.28). Compared to the never‐screened, the odds ratio of having a higher stage of cancer decreased gradually from 0.53 (95% CI = 0.41‐0.69) in the >5‐year interval group to 0.31 (95% CI = 0.24‐0.40) in the 1‐year interval group. Compared to the 1‐year interval group, the risk of advanced gastric cancer was increased in the 4‐ and 5‐year, but not the 2‐ and 3‐year, interval groups. However, patients with a family history of gastric cancer were more likely to have a higher stage at diagnosis if they had a 3‐year interval rather than a 1‐year interval.CONCLUSIONS:A significant benefit in cancer stage at diagnosis was observed in all interval groups compared to never‐screened. Endoscopy intervals of 3 years or less showed similar benefits, but family members of gastric cancer patients may benefit from intervals of under 3 years. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: Diagnostic features in surepath™ cervical samples
Authors: Gupta Nalini , Crossley John , Dudding Nick , Ellis Kay , Smith J. H. F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study was undertaken to identify the situations in which a diagnosis of “Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude a high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H)” is offered in SurePath™ cervical samples and to identify cytological criteria helpful in predicting high‐grade disease. 2,335 (3.4%) SurePath samples reported as atypical squamous cells (ASC) over a period of 2 years, including 1,112 cases with known hrHPV status were retrieved. 105/1,112 cases were categorized into ASC‐H, and slides were available for review in 88/105 cases. These 88 samples were divided into two categories based on follow‐up histological outcome and hrHPV status–category A: cases with CIN2+ lesions on follow‐up (n = 48) and category B: cases with ≤CIN1 lesions or hrHPV negative status (n = 40). 78% (82/105) cases of ASC‐H tested positive for hrHPV. Overall CIN2+ lesions were found in 50.3% (53/105) cases. Of 88 cases reviewed, HCGs were noted in 56.3% (27/48) cases in category A and 75% (30/40) cases in category B. Dispersed metaplastic cells and scattered small atypical cells were seen in 37.5% (18/48) cases in category A and 12.5%(5/40) in category B. The majority of cases with dispersed atypical cells had <20 cells/sample and cases with HCGs had <10 HCGs per sample. The majority of the cases reported as ASC‐H contained HCGs. Of these groups with nuclear crowding, disorganization and those with steep edges (“blocks”) are likely to predict high‐grade disease. The samples with only dispersed atypical cells had <20 cells/sample in majority of cases. In these, a disproportionate andespecially high nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio and irregular chromatin were the most useful features in predicting high‐grade disease. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ER, PR, and Her2 immunocytochemistry on cell‐transferred cytologic smears of primary and metastatic breast carcinomas: A Comparison Study With Formalin‐Fixed Cell Blocks and Surgical Biopsies
Authors: Ferguson Jill , Chamberlain Pierce , Cramer Harvey M. , Wu Howard H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe use of formalin‐fixed cell blocks (CBs) for detection of ER, PR, and Her2 status of primary and metastatic breast carcinomas sampled by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) has been extensively used in clinical practice; however, CBs sometimes lack adequate cellularity even when direct smears are cellular. The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of ER, PR, and Her2 status as demonstrated by immunocytochemical staining (ICC) on alcohol‐fixed direct smears using the cell transfer (CT) technique. FNA cases diagnosed as primary or metastatic breast carcinoma in which the status of ER, PR, and Her2 had been determined either on CB or concurrent biopsy were identified over a period of 18 months. ICC for ER, PR, and Her2 was performed on alcohol‐fixed direct smears using the CT technique. Results were compared with those reported for the corresponding formalin‐fixed tissue. A total of 47 FNA specimens from 46 patients were included in this study. ICC results were excluded from analysis if the CT smear contained fewer than 50 cells. Correlation between the ICC performed on the CT smears and the corresponding CB or biopsy revealed a sensitivity rate for ER, PR, and Her2 of 95%, 90%, and 88%, respectively with a specificity of 100% for all three markers. ICC performed on the FNA smears using the CT technique is a reliable method for assessment of the ER, PR, and Her2 status of breast carcinomas, especially when the direct smears are highly cellular and the CB lacks adequate cellularity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of nutrient enrichment on the growth, nucleic acid concentrations, and elemental stoichiometry of coral reef macroalgae
Authors: Reef Ruth , Pandolfi John M. , Lovelock Catherine E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe growth rate hypothesis (GRH) links growth rates with organism elemental stoichiometry. Support for the GRH was found for many animal species, but less so for plants. This is the first study to test the GRH in macroalgae. Tropical coral reef macroalgae from three lineages, Caulerpa serrulata (Chlorophyta), Laurencia intricata (Rhodophyta), and Sargassum polyphyllum (Phaeophyceae) were grown enriched with nitrogen or phosphorous and under control conditions at Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Growth rate, photosynthesis, nucleic acid composition, and elemental stoichiometry were measured. Nutrient enrichment had positive effects on photosynthetic rates and on investment in RNA. However, growth rate was not correlated with either photosynthetic rates or RNA content; thus, we did not find support for the GRH in tropical macroalgae. Macroalgae, especially L. intricata, accumulated P to very high levels (>0.6% of dry weight). The growth rate response to tissue P concentrations was unimodal. Above 0.21%, P accumulation had negative effects on growth. Nitrogen was not stored, but evidence of futile cycling was observed. The capacity to store large amounts of P is probably an adaptation to the low and patchy nutrient environment of the tropical oceans.
Antioxidative and synergistic effects of bene kernel and hull oils during oxidation of virgin olive oil
Authors: Farhoosh Reza , Khodaparast Mohammad Hossein Haddad , Sharif Ali , Hoseini‐Yazdi Seyedeh‐Zohreh , Zamani‐Ghalehshahi Atefeh 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTotal amounts of conjugated diene hydroperoxides and carbonyl compounds of a virgin olive oil (VOO) and its purified form as affected by 0.1–6% w/w bene kernel (BKO) and hull (BHO) oils were monitored during 16 h heating at 180°C. The VOO was more prone to the production of off‐flavour carbonyl compounds than to the formation of conjugated diene hydroperoxides. The VOOs oxidative stability decreased significantly due to the removal of the indigenous antioxidative compounds. Oxidative stability, especially regarding the secondary oxidation, significantly improved with increasing concentrations of the BKO than with those of the BHO.
Characteristic volatile components of Japanese sour citrus fruits: Yuzu, Sudachi and Kabosu
Authors: Tomiyama Kenichi , Aoki Hirokazu , Oikawa Takeshi , Sakurai Kazutoshi , Kasahara Yoko , Kawakami Yukihiro 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe volatile components of both the peel and juice of three major Japanese sour citrus cultivars with pleasant flavour, Yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka), Sudachi (Citrus sudachi Hort. ex Shirai) and Kabosu (Citrus sphaerocarpa Hort. ex Tanaka) were investigated using the solvent assisted flavour evaporation technique after solvent extraction. Limonene was the most abundant monoterpene hydrocarbon in all the extracts, followed by γ‐terpinene and β‐phellandrene in Yuzu and Sudachi and by myrcene in Kabosu. Mintsulfide was newly identified in juice extracts from Yuzu and Kabosu. Among the oxygenated components of these extracts, linalool was the most abundant in both the peel and juice of Yuzu and the peel of Sudachi, while both the peel and juice of Kabosu revealed the presence of high quantity of saturated aliphatic aldehydes. Wine lactone and rose oxide were identified in all the extracts, which have not been previously reported to occur in these citrus cultivars. The odour‐active components of each oxygenated fraction were revealed by aroma extract dilution analysis. Linalool, trans‐4,5‐epoxy‐(2E)‐decenal and wine lactone showed relatively high flavour dilution factors in the peel and juice of these citrus cultivars. The enantiomeric distribution of linalool, cis‐rose oxide, β‐citronellol and wine lactone was determined using a multi‐dimensional chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. With regard to linalool, the (R)‐enantiomer was predominant in Yuzu and the (S)‐enantiomer in Sudachi and Kabosu. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cartesian cut cell free surface capturing method for 3D water impact problems
Authors: Hu Z. Z. , Causon D. M. , Mingham C. G. , Qian L. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYA Cartesian cut cell mesh generation procedure is developed together with a finite volume Euler solver for a two‐fluid system with a free surface. A fast and robust triangle to triangle overlap scheme is used to determine the intersection of a body‐surface with the background Cartesian mesh. Improvements to the cut cell routines include a new treatment for multiple cuts within a single cell and a surface trimming procedure to ensure a good quality mesh around solid boundaries. The formulae for calculating all necessary information about a cut cell are also presented. These are generic and can be used for arbitrarily irregular boundary elements. A collocated finite volume method with a high resolution Godunov‐type scheme in space is used for discretization of the governing flow equations. By computing in both the air and water regions simultaneously in a consistent manner, the free surface is automatically captured as a contact discontinuity in the density field without the need for any special free surface tracking method. The algorithm incorporates the artificial compressibility method with a dual time stepping strategy to maintain a divergence free velocity field. The mathematical formulation including its numerical implementation of the method is reviewed and results for a number of test cases are also presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.