bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A Noble Group of Barrows’: Bush Barrow and the Normanton Down Early Bronze Age Cemetery Two Centuries On
Authors: Needham Stuart , Lawson Andrew J , Woodward Ann 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo hundred years after William Cunnington and Sir Richard Colt Hoare’s excavations into Bronze Age barrows on Normanton Down, Wiltshire, we offer a fresh appraisal of this renowned cemetery, which lies within sight of Stonehenge. The paper focuses specifically on burial deposits of Early Bronze Age Period 3, seen as representing a dynastic succession that controlled access to Stonehenge for a while and presided over the ceremonies therein. Pre-eminent are the finds from the Bush Barrow grave group, now housed in the Wiltshire Heritage Museum, Devizes, and still without close parallel. Long-held notions that the skeleton was extended are dispelled; instead, the grave assemblage is reconstructed around the universal crouched inhumation rite of the period, giving rise to important new implications. Special attention is also given to two probable female graves nearby; essentially contemporary, their accompaniments contrast in a number of respects, pointing to very distinct affiliations. Our capacity to reinterpret such burial complexes is a tribute to the records made by the pioneer excavators.
Mimetic adoption and norm diffusion: ‘Western’ security cooperation in Southeast Asia?
Authors: KATSUMATA HIRO 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have been pursuing new cooperative security agendas – namely, confidence-building measures (CBMs), preventive diplomacy (PD), conflict resolution and a set of agendas associated with security communities. The ASEAN members' pursuit of these agendas should be seen as a set of instances of their mimetic adoption of external norms for the sake of legitimacy. They have mimetically been adopting a set of norms associated with the collective management of conflicts, which have been practiced by the participant states of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). They have been doing so, with the intention of securing their identities as legitimate members of the community of modern states, and of enhancing the status of ASEAN and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) as legitimate cooperative security institutions.
Cosmological sources of critical cosmopolitanism
Authors: PATOMÄKI HEIKKI 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCritical cosmopolitan orientation has usually been embedded in a non-geocentric physical (NGP) cosmology that locates the human drama on the surface of planet Earth within wide scales of time and space. Although neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for critical cosmopolitanism, NGP cosmology provides a contrast to the underpinnings of centric cosmologies, such as those of Aristotle, which see the world as revolving around a particular observer, theorist and/or communal identity. NGP cosmology makes it plausible to envisage all humans as part of the same species. The connection works also through homology and analogy. An astronomic theory can be isomorphic with an ethico-political theory, that is, a structure-preserving mapping from one to the other is possible. Key cosmopolitan theorists have situated morality within a cosmic framework. However, the ethico-political implications of the NGP cosmology are ambiguous. Nietzsche was among the first to articulate its sceptical and nihilist implications. Various reactions have encouraged territorial nationalism and geopolitics. I suggest that critical cosmopolitical orientation should now be grounded on the notion of cosmic evolution, which is not only contextual, historical, pluralist and open-ended but also suggests that humanity is not a mere accident of the cosmos.
The limit set of discrete subgroups of PSL(3, ℂ)
Authors: BARRERA VARGAS WALDEMAR DEL JESÚS , CORDERO ANGEL CANO , CARRILLO JUAN PABLO NAVARRETE 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIf Γ is a discrete subgroup of PSL(3, ℂ), it is determined the equicontinuity region Eq(Γ) of the natural action of Γ on ℙ2ℂ. It is also proved that the action restricted to Eq(Γ) is discontinuous, and Eq(Γ) agrees with the discontinuity set in the sense of Kulkarni whenever the limit set of Γ in the sense of Kulkarni, Λ(Γ), contains at least three complex lines in general position. Under some additional hypothesis, it turns out to be the largest open set on which Γ acts discontinuously. Moreover, if Λ(Γ) contains at least four complex lines and Γ acts on ℙ2ℂ without fixed points nor invariant complex lines, then each connected component of Eq(Γ) is a holomorphy domain and a complete Kobayashi hyperbolic space.
Language practice with multimedia supported web-based grammar revision material
Authors: Baturay Meltem Huri , Daloglu Aysegul , Yildirim Soner 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of elementary-level English language learners towards web-based, multimedia-annotated grammar learning. WEBGRAM, a system designed to provide supplementary web-based grammar revision material, uses audio-visual aids to enrich the contextual presentation of grammar and allows learners to revise target grammatical structures using interactive exercises such as gap-filling, combo-box and drag-and-drop exercises. This study gathered quantitative data on learner satisfaction, attention and participation and qualitative data with regard to the material’s content, visual and instructional design, usability, practicality and effectiveness. The findings indicate that learners enjoyed using the material and developed a positive attitude towards the system.
The development of meaningful interactions on a blog used for the learning of English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Rivens Mompean Annick 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe use of a blog as a pedagogical aid for the learning of foreign languages is gaining support among teachers’ communities (Soubrié, 2006; Tomé, 2007) as it can help students develop online interactions and authentic productions. The current study is analysing the use of such a multimedia setting in a group of Master’s students in France, studying English as a Foreign Language, who had to keep a blog in groups of three or four, dealing with a specific topic of their interest. The introduction of such a tool was meant to motivate learners to practise written expression with an added value: the authenticity of the posted message, aimed not only at the teacher and the learning community but also made visible to the outside world.The aim of this article is to measure the pedagogical added value of such a blog for the development of written expression more specifically, and to see the potential to transform a real activity which is well-known to the younger learners’ community1 into a learning activity for the learning of English. The aims are in agreement with the principles of the Common European Framework of References for Languages (Council of Europe, 2001), which establishes specific goals for language learners with the implementation of ICT: task-based learning, authentic interactions or collaborative learning (Wenger, 1998).Three main aspects have been considered in this article:(i) a description of the way the interactions take place on the blog;(ii) an analysis of the motivating factors for such a publication online;(iii) reflection on the role of the tutor and on the place for feedback.A quantitative analysis of the interactions shows that the project is quite successful in terms of participation, as there are more posts on average than required in the pedagogical contract. Yet there are some disparities, concerning the level of activity from one blog to another and among the participants, that can be related to the role they undertake within the blog (do they prefer to post messages or comments, who are these for and why are they posted?) and to their level of motivation. Qualitatively, the project is also positively perceived: although the blog is not considered as a “real-life” one (the activity is perceived as a pedagogical one), the interactions are meaningful because they make sense for the learners who are fully engaged in the writing process and in the interactions. Finally, the place for feedback needs to be discussed, as the corrections online, although described as necessary, are also very often perceived as inhibiting and appear to be a critical element of the project.
The effect of feeding diets containing intact or partially detoxified lupin on voluntary intake and milk production by Friesian dairy cows
Authors: Mukisira E. A. , Phillip L. E. , Mitaru B. N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe study determined the effects of partial removal of alkaloids (detoxification) in crushed lupin seed (CLS) on voluntary food intake, and yield and composition of milk from dairy cattle. Twenty multiparous Friesian dairy cows (first 90 days of lactation) were assigned, according to a randomized complete-block design, to five diets. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (25·6 g N per kg of diet dry matter (DM)) and contained napier grass, lucerne hay, maize bran and urea. The control diet (CON) contained sunflower meal; two diets contained intact CLS at 150 (LUI-15) or 300 g (LUl-30) per kg diet DM. The other two diets contained detoxified CLS at 150 (LUD-15) or 300 g (LUD-30) per kg diet DM. Lupin seeds were detoxified by treatment with boiling water, followed by steeping in cold water. The diets were analysed by gas chromatography for the alkaloids, lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine. The total alkaloid content of LUI-15 and LUl-30 was 3·8 and 8·0 g/kg diet DM, respectively; by contrast that of LUD-15 and LUD-30 was 2·1 and 5·2 g/kg diet DM respectively. Increasing the level of intact CLS in the diet led to a decrease in voluntary food intake. Cows given LUl-30 had a lower milk yield (11·1 kg/day) than those given LUI-15 (13·8 kg/day;P< 0·01) but there was no difference in either milk protein yield or content. Detoxification of lupin removed proportionately about 0·40 of the total alkaloids from intact CLS and increased food intake, and the yield of milk and milk protein (P< 0·05) but reduced milk fat content. Detoxification of CLS also reduced the rumen degradability of lupin protein (P< 0·05). It is concluded that the reduction in organic matter intake and milk yield of cows given diets containing intact CLS was due to the presence of lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine. To maximize its usage in diets for dairy cattle, lupin should be detoxified; it can then be included at levels up to 300 g/kg diet DM.
Effects of post-ruminal fermentation on the faecal and urinary excretion of purines
Authors: Surra J. C. , Guada J. A. , Balcells J. , Castrillo C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effect of post-ruminal fermentation on faecal output of purine bases (PB) and urinary excretion of their derivatives (PD) was studied by the infusion of yeast RNA (2·9 g/day), corn starch (100 g/day), cellulose (200 g/day) and saline solutions into the gastro-intestinal tract offour sheep (35·4 kg live weight) fitted with caecal and duodenal catheters and given 0-80 kg/day alfalfa hay. All substrates were infused into the caecum except cellulose that was infused into the proximal duodenum.The infusion of RNA did not affect either the faecal excretion of PB or the urinary excretion of allantoin or total PD, although xanthine excretion increased significantly from <0·01 to 0·12 mmol/day.Starch and cellulose infusions promoted a significant increase in the faecal excretion of diaminopimelic acid (206 and 159v.131 mg/day) and PB (4·55 and 3·62v.2·29 mmol/day) and modified the partitioning of total nitrogen losses between faeces and urine. The urinary excretion of allantoin and total PD were not affected by the caecal infusion of starch (6·60 and 22·9v.7·02 and 22·8 mmol/day) but both tended to increase with the duodenal infusion of cellulose (7·75 and 26·4 mmol/day).It is concluded that the urinary excretion ofPD is independent of either the supply of nucleic acids to the caecum or the extent of hind gut fermentation although it may be affected by variations in the flow of undigested fibre along the small intestine.
The effect of energy supply on the contribution of lean tissue to total body protein mass in pigs slaughtered at 100 kg
Authors: Quiniou N. , Noblet J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effect of energy supply between 45 and 100 kg body weight (BW) on the contribution of lean tissue (muscle plus intermuscular adipose tissue) to total protein mass was studied in Large White castrated males (cLW), crossbred Piétrain × Large White castrated males (cPPx) and boars (bPPx). The pigs were allocated to four energy levels (0·70, 0·80, 0·90 or 1·00 ad libitum) and kept in metabolism cages in experiment 1 or given food ad libitum and kept in individual pens in experiment 2. Daily protein supplies were calculated to be non-limiting for growth and identical for all pigs in experiment 1. Temperature was 23°C in both experiments. The pigs were slaughtered at 100 kg BW and physically dissected; the body tissues were chemically analysed. Taking into account housing conditions, the food intake of pigs in experiment 2 corresponded to 1·20 of ad libitum intake of pigs in experiment 1; data of both experiments were combined. The energy supply and the type of pig influenced significantly the protein content of empty BW (eBW) (170 g/kg on average), of lean (184g/kg on average) and non-lean compartment (eBW minus lean, 152 g/kg on average), the proportion of total protein deposited in lean (604 g/kg of total protein, on average) but not the protein content in fat-free eBW (209 g/kg on average). The fat-free eBW can be predicted as 4·8 times the body protein mass.
Power of different F2schemes for QTL detection in livestock
Authors: Alfonso L. , Haley C. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe power for detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) using marker information was compared in several schemes differing in the mating type and the number of parents involved. An experiment based on an F2 population of fixed size obtained by crossing two lines differing phenotypically for a single trait was simulated, assuming that QTLs could be fixed or segregating in the lines crossed. Different additive and dominant QTL effect values and allele frequencies were considered covering a range of different favourable situations for the detection of the QTL. Comparison was done by regression using flanking marker information. Mating animals at the F1generation level minimizing relationships was not worse than mating at random or maximizing relationships. The number of parents used affected the power of the experiment when the QTL was segregating in the original crossed lines. Differences in power were mainly related to the number of males from the original line. When the power of the experiment was high as a result of genetic hypothesis assumed, considering several males increased the power. However, when the genetic hypothesis assumed led there to be less power to detect a QTL, the power was higher when fewer males were used.
Selective grazing by dairy cows in the presence of dung and the defoliation of tall grass dung patches
Authors: Bao J. , Giller P. S. , Stakelum G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo studies investigated the effect of contaminated pasture on selective grazing, overall grazing behaviour and the process of defoliation of dung patches through experiments targeted at four major questions: (a) how does relative utilization of tall and short grass change as the sward is grazed down? (b) what effect does herbage mass and sward height have on the relative utilization of short and tall grass? (c) how are tall grass patches actually utilized by cattle? and (d) how is overall grazing behaviour influenced by contamination of the sward?Experiments were conducted in mid to late season using Friesian dairy cattle. In experiment 1, two -pasture types (topped sward (T)v.grazed-only sward (G)) were used. The distribution of bites on tall grass from both pasture types indicated that the grazing animals tended initially to graze short grass when they met a new sward, and then select tall grass as the swards were progressively grazed down. This switch happened earlier in the defoliation process in the topped sward. In experiment 2 observations were conducted on previously grazed and previously ungrazed swards. The distribution of bites on tall grass showed a similar trend to that found in experiment 1 and as the sward was gradually grazed, biting rate significantly declined. There was also a significantly higher total grazing time on the previously ungrazed sward (no contamination by dung). Comparing data based on a consistent biting rate (calculated as the time for 20 consistent bites) and natural biting rate (calculated as the total time for 20 bites) suggested that the grazing animals had increased difficulty in handling tall grass which may explain the declining biting rate as the swards were being grazed down and more bites were directed at tall grass. The defoliation of tall grass dung patches appeared to be concentrated around the edges of the patch. The average area of sward affected by a single dung pat was 1·04 m2 measured at the pre-grazing stage and was markedly reduced to 0·51 m2 at the post-grazing stage. In conclusion, selective grazing is likely to exist due to the presence of dung and conditioned by dung distribution and sward type and this in turn modifies biting rate during grazing down of a sward.
Patterns of oestrus, time of LH release and ovulation and effects of time of artificial insemination in Mediterranean buffalo cows
Authors: Moioli B. M. , Napolitano F. , Puppo S. , Barile V. L. , Terzano G. M. , Borghese A. , Malfatti A. , Catalano A. , Pilla A. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThirty-two post-partum Mediterranean river buffalo cows were continuously observed for signs of oestrus from September to December with the aid of two vasectomized bulls. Symptoms of oestrus among female Mediterranean buffaloes are weak, therefore oestrus was assessed based on bull behaviour (following and licking a cow and trying to mount her). Oestrus was divided into three phases based on the bull behaviour assessment. Status of the uterus and ovarian follicles were checked rectally every day for each cow which was detected by a teaser bull to be in oestrus. All cows in oestrus were bred twice by artificial insemination (AI), the first at ovulation and the second (using a different bull) 22 h later.The average duration of interest shown by the bull towards a cow (from the very first to the last sign of interest) was 68 h and the average length of the three phases was: phase 1 = 21 (s.d. 29) h, phase II = 32 (s.d. 24) h and phase III = 15 (s.d. 15) h. Fifteen buffaloes were bled during oestrus, and LH profiles were determined. No differences were evident among oestruses followed by pregnancy (no. = 18) and the others (no. = 26) for the variables describing behavioural events. Neither intensity of the bull courtship, presence or clarity of mucous discharge, or housing system affected the success of AI. The only differences between pregnant and non-pregnant cows were in the timing between the LH peak and the end of phase II (2·4 v. 14·7 h, P < 0·001), end of phase III (22 v. 40 h, P > 0·05) and ovulation (25 v. 46 h, P < 0·05). Successful pregnancies occurred 34 (s.d. 14) h after the end of phase II. The endocrinology and behavioural patterns of buffalo reproduction need further research to clarify the reasons for non-optimal pregnancy rates after AI.
Vehicle motion and motion sickness in pigs
Authors: Randall J. M. , Bradshaw R. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLow frequency oscillatory motion (0·05 to 0·5 Hz) experienced in ships and road vehicles is known to cause motion sickness in humans and some predictive models are available. There have been very few studies of the incidence of motion sickness in pigs and none which has attempted to identify the frequencies of motion of transporters which are likely to be implicated. In this study, the vibration and motion characteristics of a commercial pig transporter were measured while seven individually penned 40-kg pigs were transported for short (100 min) journeys and 80-kg pigs penned in groups of 12 or 13 were transported for longer (4·5 h) journeys. Direct behavioural observations were made of individual pigs for symptoms of travel sickness (sniffing, foaming at the mouth, chomping, and retching or vomiting). A comparison was then made between the incidence of travel sickness in pigs and that expected in humans given the measured vehicle vibration characteristics. The low frequencies of motion measured on the transporter (0·01 to 0·2 Hz) were well within the range implicated in human motion sickness with considerable power in the longitudinal and lateral axes but little in the vertical axis. On both short and long journeys pigs exhibited symptoms of travel sickness. The likely incidence of travel sickness on the short journeys predicted by the human model was 24 to 31% which corresponds to approximately two of the seven 40-kg pigs becoming travel sick. The numbers observed were generally lower than this although the same pigs were transported twice each day for 2 days and this may have therefore reflected the effects of habituation. The incidence of travel sickness on the long journeys predicted by the human model was 34%. During these journeys which involved four groups of 80-kg pigs which were not repeatedly transported, 26% of pigs vomited or retched (13 out of 50) while 50% showed advanced symptoms of foaming and chomping. These results are not inconsistent with the human model which should form the basis offurther research.
Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary purine derivative excretion in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Shingfield K. J. , Offer N. W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe potential of the spot urine sampling technique as an alternative to performing a total urine collection was evaluated. Twelve multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were given two experimental diets in a complete change-over design using two 14-day experimental periods. Experimental diets were either silage offeredad libitumwith 7 kg fresh weight concentrate supplement as a single meal (SF), or a complete diet formulated from the same ingredients with a similar foragexoncentrate ratio (CD). Total urine collections were performed every 2 h on days 11 and 14 of each experimental period. Subsamples of urine were stored at 20°C and subsequently analysed by high-performace liquid chromatography. Daily allantoin and purine derivative (PD) excretion were highly correlated (r = 0·995, no. = 48,P< 0·001). PD and creatinine excretion during each 2-h interval depended on time of collection (PD,P< 0·001 and creatinine,P< 0·05) and on cow (P< 0·01) but were unaffected by sampling day or treatment. Diurnal variations in the molar ratio ofPD or allantoin to creatinine (PD/c and Ale, respectively) followed similar diurnal patterns as observed for PD and allantoin excretion. The data were used to assess the error of prediction of daily mean PD/c or Ale ratios. Three spot sampling regimens (based on the collection of four 4-h samples, three 8-h samples or two 12-h samples) and also on either single or 2-day urine collections were evaluated. Collection of multiple samples within a day was more reliable than collecting fewer samples over several days. Prediction errors were greater for SF compared with CD. Even the most intensive sampling regimen did not allow an acceptable prediction of daily mean PDIc or Ale ratio, minimum r values for PDIc and Ale ratios were 0·098, 0·136 and 0·547, 0·579 for SF and CD, respectively. Furthermore, daily mean PDIc and Ale ratios proved poor predictors of daily PD and allantoin excretion (r values of 0·69 and 0·72, respectively). Total urine collection appears necessary to assess accurately daily PD excretion in dairy cows.