bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gynecologic cytology on conventional and liquid‐based preparations: A comprehensive review of similarities and differences
Authors: Hoda Rana S. , Loukeris Kristina , Abdul‐Karim Fadi W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLiquid‐based preparations (LBPs) have largely replaced conventional Papanicolaou smears (CPS) for cervical samples in the United States and in many other industrialized countries. The two FDA‐approved LBP currently in use include ThinPrep (TP), (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA) and SurePath (SP), (BD Diagnostic, Burlington, NC). Split‐sample and direct‐to‐vial studies have shown that LBPs show an overall improvement in sample collection and processing, reduce artifacts that interfere in diagnosis, are more sensitive, can be utilized for ancillary tests and are a cost‐effective replacement for CPS. Comparative analyses of diagnostic accuracy indicate that LBPs perform at least as well as CPS. However, the added advantages of standardized, automated preparations and screening, reduced unsatisfactory rate, improved specimen adequacy and ability to perform human papillomavirus (HPV) test, are enough to continue use of LBP. The cytologic features in LBP are similar to CPS with subtle differences, particularly in background information. There are also subtle differences between the two LBPs, SP and TP, which are reflective of different sampling devices, collection media, and processing techniques. Architecturally, LBP shows smaller cell clusters and sheets and more dyscohesion. Cytologically, enhanced nuclear features and smaller cell size are more prominent. Advances in liquid‐based Papanicolaou's (Pap) test have lead to well‐defined patient management guidelines by the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. Herein, we review these aspects of Pap test including, morphology, automation, ancillary tests (HPV and immunochemistry), pertinent QA/QC monitors, patient management guidelines, and review of pertinent literature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Technology of building an expert system based on a set of quantitative features of tumor cell nuclei for diagnosing breast cancer
Authors: Kirillov Vladimir 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe technology of building an expert system for diagnosing malignant nature of invasive tumors of the mammary gland based on a set of quantitative features of the cell nuclei has been developed. Its peculiarity was the presence of weighting coefficients in all the features. Quantitative features were obtained by transforming the initial morphometric data with the help of simple (evaluation of mean values and building of histograms) and complex (regression analysis) mathematical operations. The expert system consisted of one‐dimensional X‐matrix used for investigations and two‐dimensional standard S‐matrix. The X‐matrix elements were assigned for filling with the quantitative features of the studied sample with a nonestablished diagnosis. The S‐matrix elements contained threshold values of quantitative features from the system of diagnostic decision criteria for malignant forms of diseases and their weighting coefficients. Threshold values of nuclear features (larger or smaller) were determined taking into account the range of their values in the groups of malignant and benign pathology. Significance of quantitative features in diagnosing diseases has been assessed. The presence of weighting coefficients allowed diagnosing malignant and benign pathology in a quantitative form by the diagnostic index value. Diagnostic index was calculated by the sum of weighting coefficients of features of the studied sample, which fell within the range of system of the S‐matrix diagnostic decision criteria. Clinical trials revealed high efficiency of the developed approach while diagnosis of breast cancer invasive forms at a preoperative stage. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of a mouse line with a conditional Crim1 mutant allele
Authors: Chiu Han Sheng , York J. Philippe , Wilkinson Lorine , Zhang Pumin , Little Melissa H. , Pennisi David J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCrim1 is a developmentally expressed, transmembrane protein essential for normal embryonic development. We generated mice engineered to contain a Crim1 conditional null allele by flanking exons three and four of Crim1 with unidirectional LoxP sites. After crossing Crim1+/FLOX mice with a CMV‐Cre line, a Crim1+/Δflox colony was established after germline transmission of the deleted allele. We then analyzed genomic DNA, mRNA transcripts, and protein expression from Crim1Δflox/Δflox null mice to confirm the nature of the genomic lesion. Crim1Δflox/Δflox mice displayed phenotypes similar to those previously described for a Crim1 gene‐trap mutant, Crim1KST264/KST264, including perinatal lethality, digit syndactyly, eye, and kidney abnormalities, with varying penetrance and severity. The production of a conditional mutant allele represents a valuable resource for the study of the tissue‐specific roles for Crim1, and for understanding the pleimorphic phenotypes associated with Crim1 mutation. genesis 50:711–716, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sulfur Oxygenation of [Ni(btdt)2]2– by Aerial Oxidation under Ambient Conditions – Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties of [Bu4N]2[Ni(btdt)2] and [Bu4N]2­[Ni(btdtO2)2]·H2O ({btdt}2– = 2,1,3‐Benzenethiadiazole‐5,6‐dithiolate)
Authors: Bolligarla Ramababu , Das Samar K. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract[Bu4N]2[Ni(btdt)2] (1) ({btdt}2– = 2,1,3‐benzenethiadiazole‐5,6‐dithiolate) was synthesized by treating one equivalent of NiCl2·6H2O with two equivalents of H2btdt in MeOH in the presence of NaOH under nitrogen, and then obtaining a precipitate by adding tetrabutylammonium bromide. When the same reaction is carried out under ambient conditions, it yields the trans‐disulfinate complex [Bu4N]2[Ni(btdtO2)2]·H2O (2) along with complex 1. Complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar {1}$, whereas complex 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c. The NiII ion, coordinated with four sulfur atoms present in complex 1, shows almost square‐planar geometry, but trans‐disulfinate complex 2 shows distorted square‐planar geometry around the NiII ion with a nonplanar molecular structure. Oxygen atoms of the sulfinates are involved in C–H···O and O–H···O hydrogen‐bonding interactions, which might be important factors for the nonplanarity of complex 2. Complex 1 undergoes a reversible oxidation (ΔE = 0.09 V) at E1/2 = +0.22 V vs. Ag/AgCl and an irreversible oxidation at +0.77 V, whereas complex 2 shows quasi‐reversible oxidation at E1/2 = +0.50 V vs. Ag/AgCl in acetonitrile solution.
Diels–Alder Reactions for the Construction of Cyclopropylarenes
Authors: Arndt Marion , Hilt Gerhard , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , de Meijere Armin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe straightforward synthesis of new bicyclopropyl‐substituted alkynes and 1,3‐dienes and their application in cobalt‐catalyzed Diels–Alder reactions are described. The cycloaddition processes generated the desired bicyclopropyl‐substituted arene derivatives in moderate to good yields, depending on the steric congestion of the reaction partners. The regioselectivity of the cycloaddition was controlled by the ligand coordinated to the cobalt center. The cyclopropyl moiety remained unchanged over the course of the Diels–Alder reaction, indicating that no radical type intermediates were formed. Only in a single case did the DDQ oxidation of the primarily formed dihydroaromatic product lead to ring opening of a cyclopropyl subunit. In all of the other cases, cyclopropyl‐modified arenes with various functionalities were obtained.
Beyond the myth of venting: Social sharing modes determine the benefits of emotional disclosure
Authors: Nils Frédéric , Rimé Bernard 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWhen individuals experience an emotion, they talk about it afterwards. A popular ‘emotional venting’ belief claims that doing so dissolves the emotional impact. This study tested a model of when and how sharing emotions is beneficial. It predicts that benefits vary according to the listener's response mode. A socio‐affective (empathic) mode was expected to buffer emotional distress temporarily. A cognitive (reframing) mode was anticipated to grant emotional recovery. Participants viewed an aversive film and then talked about it with an intimate. The latter was instructed to adopt either cognitive or socio‐affective response modes in a 2 × 2 design (cognitive/non‐cognitive; socio‐affective/neutral). Emotional, cognitive and social benefits were assessed immediately afterwards and again 2 days later following re‐exposure to the film. As predicted, emotional recovery occurred exclusively when the listener stimulated the participant's cognitive work. Cognitive variables (basic assumptions) were also positively modified by these conditions. Listeners' socio‐affective responses entailed enhanced social integration (i.e. greater proximity to the listener; less loneliness) and an impression of feeling better. These results demonstrated that sharing emotions can lead to multiple benefits depending upon the listeners' response modes: emotional recovery, consolidation of shattered assumptions, social integration and temporary distress reduction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender differences in implicit gender self‐categorization lead to stronger gender self‐stereotyping by women than by men
Authors: Cadinu Mara , Galdi Silvia 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIt was hypothesized that, in natural group contexts, low‐status in‐group membership would be highly accessible, whereas membership to high‐status groups would not. Therefore, gender group membership was predicted to be more accessible for women than for men. It was further hypothesized that the high accessibility of gender group membership would lead to stronger self‐stereotyping for women than for men. To measure the accessibility of gender group membership, participants performed a Gender Self‐Categorization Implicit Association Test (Studies 1 and 2), measuring the strength of automatic associations between the self and the gender in‐group. Participants also performed a Self‐Stereotyping Implicit Association Test (Study 2), assessing the strength of automatic associations between the self and the stereotypical traits of the in‐group. As expected, implicit gender self‐categorization and implicit gender self‐stereotyping were stronger for women than for men. Importantly, implicit gender self‐categorization mediated the relation between gender and self‐stereotyping. Therefore, implicit gender self‐categorization was the mechanism underlying stronger implicit self‐stereotyping by women. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective role of dietary N-acetylcysteine on the oxidative stress induced by cylindrospermopsin in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Gutiérrez-Praena Daniel , Puerto María , Prieto Ana Isabel , Jos Ángeles , Pichardo Silvia , Vasconcelos Vitor , Cameán Ana M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a toxin produced by various cyanobacteria species. Fish can be exposed to this cyanotoxin in their natural environments and in aquaculture ponds, and toxic effects can be derived. The present study investigated the effects of dietary N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the oxidative stress induced by pure CYN and CYN from lyophilized cells of Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were pretreated with 0, 22, and 45 mg NAC/fish/d for a week, and on day seven, they received a single dose of 200 µg/kg CYN and were killed after 24 h. Oxidative biomarkers evaluated included lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, activity of the enzyme γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and activity and gene expression of glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. Results showed that CYN induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the increase of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, the decrease in GSH/GSSG, and the alteration of the enzymatic activities assayed. Moreover, exposure to cyanobacterial cells containing CYN induced higher toxic effects in comparison to pure CYN. N-acetylcysteine supplementation was effective at reducing the toxicity induced by CYN, particularly at the highest dose employed, with a recovery of some of the biomarkers assayed to basal levels. Therefore, NAC can be considered a useful chemoprotectant that reduces hepatic and renal oxidative stress in the prophylaxis and treatment of CYN-related intoxication in fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1548–1555. © 2012 SETAC
Mechanisms regulating bioavailability of phenanthrene sorbed on a peat soil-origin humic substance
Authors: Yang Yu , Shu Liang , Wang Xilong , Xing Baoshan , Tao Shu 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The organic matter–mineral complex plays an important role in regulating the fate of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the environment. In the present study, the authors investigated the microbial bioavailability of phenanthrene (PHE) sorbed on the original and demineralized humic acids (HAs) and humin (HM) that were sequentially extracted from a peat soil. Demineralization treatment dramatically decreased the 720-h mineralized percentage of HM-sorbed PHE from 42.5 ± 2.6% to 3.4 ± 1.3%, whereas the influence of this treatment on the biodegradability of HA-associated PHE was much lower. Degradation kinetics of HA- and HM-sorbed PHE showed that its initial degradation rate was negatively correlated with the aromatic carbon content of humic substances (p &lt; 0.05). This was attributed to the strong interactions between PHE and the aromatic components of humic substances, which hampered its release and subsequent biodegradation. The 720-h mineralized percentage of PHE was inversely correlated with the estimated thickness of the organic matter layer at the surfaces of HAs and HMs. Therefore, in a relatively long term, diffusion of PHE within the organic matter layer could be an important factor that may limit the bioavailability of PHE to bacteria. Results of the present study highlight the molecular-scaled mechanisms governing bioavailability of PHE sorbed on humic substances. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1431–1437. © 2012 SETAC
Salinity acclimation modulates copper toxicity in the sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus
Authors: Adeyemi Joseph A. , Klerks Paul L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) is able to withstand a wide range of salinities. Salinity acclimation involves physiological and biochemical changes, which may influence how organisms respond to a stressor. The present study investigated effects of salinity acclimation on subsequent Cu toxicity. In experiment 1, fish were acclimated to a hyposmotic, isosmotic, or hyperosmotic salinity for 14 d and then exposed at these salinities to 16.6 µM Cu2+ for 12 h. Survival differed during this Cu challenge; fish acclimated to 2.5 ppt salinity were much more sensitive to Cu than those acclimated to 10.5 or 18.5 ppt seawater. In experiment 2, fish were exposed to 14.6 µM Cu2+ for 6 h after the 14-d salinity acclimation. Whole-body Cu, whole-body Na, liver lipid peroxidation (LPO), liver catalase activity, and liver glucose levels were determined before and after Cu exposure. Prior to Cu exposure, the acclimation groups differed only for liver glucose levels, which were higher in the 2.5 ppt acclimated fish than in the others. These same 2.5 ppt acclimated fish were markedly affected by Cu, having increased whole-body Cu and liver LPO and decreased whole-body Na levels. Copper exposure had generally insignificant effects for the 10.5 ppt and the 18.5 ppt acclimated fish. This study showed that even in euryhaline fish, salinity acclimation can have a drastic effect on Cu toxicity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1573–1578. © 2012 SETAC
Building generalized open boundary conditions for fluid dynamics problems
Authors: Blayo Eric , Martin Véronique 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThis paper deals with the design of an efficient open boundary condition (OBC) for fluid dynamics problems. Such problematics arise, for instance, when one solves a local model on a fine grid that is nested in a coarser one of greater extent. Usually, the local solution Uloc is computed from the coarse solution Uext, thanks to an OBC formulated as , where Bh and BH are discretizations of the same differential operator (Bh being defined on the fine grid and BH on the coarse grid). In this paper, we show that such an OBC cannot lead to the exact solution, and we propose a generalized formulation , where g is a correction term. When Bh and BH are discretizations of a transparent operator, g can be computed analytically, at least for simple equations. Otherwise, we propose to approximate g by a Richardson extrapolation procedure. Numerical test cases on a 1D Laplace equation and on a 1D shallow water system illustrate the improved efficiency of such a generalized OBC compared with usual ones. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards simulation of flapping wings using immersed boundary method
Authors: Zhang X. Q. , Theissen P. , Schlüter J. U. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIn this work the immersed boundary method is applied to simulate incompressible turbulent flows around stationary and moving objects. The goal is to demonstrate that the immersed boundary technique along with a large eddy simulation approach is capable of simulating the effect of the so‐called leading edge vortex (LEV), which can be found in flapping wing aerodynamics. A Lagrangian method is used to approximate the solutions in the freshly cleared cells that lay within solid objects at one time step and emerge into fluid domain at the next time step. Flow around a stationary cylinder at ReD = 20, 40, and 3900 (based on cylinder diameter D) is first studied to validate the immersed boundary solver based on the finite volume scheme using a staggered grid. Then, a harmonically oscillating cylinder at ReD = 10 000 is considered to test the solver after the Lagrangian method is implemented to interpolate the solution in the freshly cleared cells. Finally, this approach is used to study flows around a stationary flat‐plate at several angles of attack and fast pitching flat‐plate. The rapidly pitching plate creates a dynamic LEV that can be used to improve the efficiency of flapping wings of micro air vehicle and to determine the optimum flapping frequency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated modeling as a decision‐aiding tool for groundwater management in a Mediterranean agricultural watershed
Authors: Pisinaras V. , Petalas C. , Tsihrintzis V. A. , Karatzas G. P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA decision‐aiding methodology for agricultural groundwater management is presented; it is based on the combination of a watershed model, a groundwater flow model, and an optimization model. This methodology was applied to an agricultural watershed in northeastern Greece. The watershed model used was the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which provided recharge rates for the aquifers. These recharge rates were imported in the well‐known MODFLOW groundwater flow model. Both models were calibrated and verified using field data. Then, the nonlinear optimization problem was solved by a piecewise linearization process, in which the Simplex algorithm was applied sequentially. Apart from several pumping and climate change sensitivity scenarios, a land use change scenario and a climate change scenario, combining the three models, were tested, showing the ability of this methodology to be used in the decision‐making process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catchment scale controls the temporal connection of transpiration and diel fluctuations in streamflow
Authors: Graham Chris B. , Barnard Holly R. , Kavanagh Kathleen L. , McNamara James P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDiel fluctuations can comprise a significant portion of summer discharge in small to medium catchments. The source of these signals and the manner in which they are propagated to stream gauging sites is poorly understood. In this work, we analysed stream discharge from 15 subcatchments in Dry Creek, Idaho, Reynolds Creek, Idaho, and HJ Andrews, Oregon. We identified diel signals in summer low flow, determined the lag between diel signals and evapotranspiration demand and identified seasonal trends in the evolution of the lag at each site. The lag between vegetation water use and streamflow response increases throughout summer at each subcatchment, with the rate of increase as a function of catchment stream length and other catchment characteristics such as geology, vegetation and stream geomorphology. These findings support the hypothesis that variations in stream velocity are the key control on the seasonal evolution of the observed lags. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the effectiveness of road‐crossing drainage culverts in ephemeral streams
Authors: Conesa‐García C. , García‐Lorenzo R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe present study proposes a method for evaluating the effectiveness of road‐crossing drainage culverts in ephemeral streams. This approach is focused on estimating the culvert capacity in road–stream crossings and the probable runoff generated on the road from hydrological thresholds associated with hydromorphological criteria. In particular, discharges at bankfull and flood‐prone stages have been used in combination with 2.5 and 100‐year peak discharges. Different hydraulic variables have been considered for calculating the discharge through culverts under these conditions (e.g. tailwater and headwater depth, inlet control, pipe roughness, pipe cross‐area and slope, pipe outlet velocity, critical water depth, and flow rate over the road). Geomorphological factors such as bed stability, bed load transport, and channel roughness have also been considered because of their potential for obstructing the drains in this type of channel. In addition, a potential obstruction index (PIOBSTR) has been calculated, as a dependent parameter of the obstacle index (IOBST) and the potential build‐up of coarse sediments (PBCS). The study has been carried out on the Mediterranean coast in the region of Murcia (Spain), where there are numerous examples of road–stream crossings equipped with culverts in ephemeral channels that could cause highly dangerous situations for road traffic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.