bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatically Catalyzed Fixed Bed Reactions – Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Leipold M. , Fieg G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie Entwicklung neuer Prozesse im Bereich der enzymatischen Synthesen verläuft aufgrund einer noch unvollständigen Wissensbasis und des Fehlens geeigneter Simulationsprogramme zurzeit nur langsam. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die vorhandene Lücke mit dem Simulationswerkzeug STEP (Simulation Tool for Enzymatic Processes) zu schließen. Durch eine rigorose, instationäre Modellierung dient STEP einer beschleunigten Prozessentwicklung auf Basis fundierter Simulationsergebnisse. Die Entwicklung und Validierung des Werkzeugs wird vorgestellt.
Color constancy, color‐mixing ability, and color inference
Authors: Lin Ta‐Wei , Sun Chun‐Wang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the laboratory, the performance of color constancy has always been unstable. The variables posed by the subjects themselves tend to be neglected. In this study, a simple color‐mixing test was used to sort subjects into three groups. They were also provided with hue and brightness in a fixed color order as guidance during experimental tasks in an attempt to observe any changes in cognitive skills among subjects of varying color‐mixing abilities under changed illuminations. Three hypotheses were proposed: (1) Matching hypothesis: people remember and apply the spatial locations of color surrounds to the target color to achieve color constancy; (2) Comparing hypothesis: people identify the relative difference between color surrounds to achieve color constancy; and (3) Reasoning hypothesis: people compare the color surrounds and refer to color knowledge accumulated in the past to achieve color constancy through reasoning. The experimental results were as follows if the Comparing hypothesis is taken into account, (a) when hue guidance is hidden the subjects' identification rate (IR) performance supported the Reasoning hypothesis; (b) when hue guidance was shown, the IR performance of subjects in all three groups supported the Matching hypothesis. Based on these results, this study offers two recommendations: (a) color surrounds with a fixed relative location should be avoided because spatial location memory leading to people using matching skills and (b) subjects should be screened based on their color‐mixing ability because significant differences in color constancy performance exist between people with varying levels of color‐mixing ability. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Paramerism and reliable parameric correction
Authors: Peyvandi Shahram , Amirshahi Seyed Hossein 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this article, the parameric decomposition method is considered as a technique for batch correction using three process primaries. It is proved that the parameric decomposition technique using optimal process primaries is a suitable method for reliable batch correction. Besides, the evaluation of parameric correction error for estimation of metamerism index is discussed. The creation of optimal spectral dataset to derive the appropriate process primaries is presented and the estimation of optimal statistical colorants for color reproduction of paint system is also developed. A set of pigments as primaries is used to generate three sets of batches using Kubelka–Munk theory; each set includes 10,000 paramer samples. Three sets of batches are generated to have different distributions around the match sample of target. The performance of process primaries derived from the Munsell dataset is compared with the optimal estimated statistical colorants for reliable parameric correction. To achieve greater success in estimation of appropriate metamerism index and make the estimated index more reliable, the statistical colorants used for parameric correction should be achieved from the spectral dataset generated by real primaries being used for matching of the target color. The outcome of parameric correction for pairs having miscellaneous mismatches is investigated to find out if it is sensible to just consider mismatch threshold for pairs being corrected. Finally, the conceptual subject of paramerism is developed to verify which spectral essence could be called as the paramer of an individual target color being matched. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Restriction of Photoinduced Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer
Authors: Qian Yan , Cai Min‐Min , Xie Ling‐Hai , Yang Guo‐Qiang , Wu Shi‐Kang , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn intensive investigation of structure–property relationships in the aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) of luminescent compounds is essential for the rational design of highly emissive solid‐state materials. In the AIEE‐active compounds N,N′‐bis[3‐hydroxy‐4‐(2′‐benzothiazolyl)phenyl]isophthalamide and N,N′‐bis[3‐hydroxy‐4‐(2′‐benzothiazolyl)phenyl]‐5‐tert‐butylisophthalamide, fast photoinduced twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) of the enol excited state is found to be mainly responsible for the weak emission of their dilute solutions. The photoinduced TICT enol excited state is formed with a greatly distorted configuration, due to the large rotation about the CN single bond. This facilitates nonradiative TICT decay from the normal enol excited state to the highly twisted enol excited state, rather than proton‐transfer decay to the keto excited state. In aggregates, photoinduced nonradiative deactivation of TICT is strongly prohibited, so that excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) becomes the dominant decay, and hence contributes greatly to the subsequent emission enhancement of the keto form. Molecular design and investigation of analogous single‐armed compounds further verifies this kind of AIEE mechanism.
Tropos Biphenol Derived Chiral Thiophosphoramide Catalysed Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Michael Addition of Cyclic Ketones to Nitro Olefins
Authors: Lu Aidang , Wu Ronghua , Wang Youming , Zhou Zhenghong , Wu Guiping , Fang Jianxin , Tang Chuchi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractChirality transfer from (S)‐2‐(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine to the tropos biphenyl skeleton has been observed in the preparation of a chirally flexible biphenol‐derived novel chiral thiophosphoramide to afford exclusively the thermodynamically favoured diastereomer. This novel secondary amine–thiophosphoramide has proven to be an effective bifunctional organocatalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition of cyclohexanone to both aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted nitro olefins. The corresponding adducts were obtained with excellent diastereo‐ (up to >99:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee).
Anionic Cascade Reaction Followed by Silylative Dieckmann Cyclization: A Straightforward Route to Tricyclic Fused Ring Systems Starting from Alkynyl Esters Tethered to Bicyclo[n.2.0]alkanones
Authors: Rietsch Vincent , Miesch Laurence , Yamashita Daisuke , Miesch Michel 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe successive addition of sodium ethoxide and TBSOTf (or TMSOTf) to alkynyl esters tethered to bicyclo[n.2.0]alkanones (n = 3–5) promoted a domino anionic reaction and a Dieckmann condensation, respectively, which led to 5‐6‐5, 6‐6‐5, and 7‐6‐5 tricyclic fused ring systems. These systems represent relevant substructures of numerous bioactive compounds.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Alkylation of Indoles with Tertiary Propargylic Alcohols: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Sanz Roberto , Miguel Delia , Martínez Alberto , Gohain Mukut , García‐García Patricia , Fernández‐Rodríguez Manuel A. , Álvarez Estela , Rodríguez Félix 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDirect alkylation of indoles with a wide variety of tertiary propargylic alcohols under Brønsted acid catalysis conditions has been studied. A general and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of 3‐propargylated indoles with quaternary carbon atoms at their propargylic positions has been developed. The reactions are highly regioselective with regard both to the indole and to the alkynol components. Only with N‐unsubstituted 2‐arylindoles do competitive SN′ reactions take place to afford 3‐dienyl‐ or 3‐allenylindoles, depending on the alkynol moiety. The reactions were carried out in air with undried solvents, and water was the only side product.
Click Chemistry Based Method for the Preparation of Maleinimide‐Type Thiol‐Reactive Labels
Authors: Link Martin , Li Xiaohua , Kleim Jana , Wolfbeis Otto S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMaleinimides are widely used to label proteins and to derivatize thiols. The so‐called click reaction was shown to allow the efficient introduction of the maleinimido group into azido‐modified fluorophores (benzoxazines) by reacting them with an alkyne‐modified maleinimide to yield new thiol‐reactive fluorescent labels 5–7. The reaction proceeds under mild experimental conditions and provides a new strategy with which to introduce the maleimide group, as exemplified here for fluorophores. Conceivably, it may be extended to radioactive, electro‐active, isotopic, or spin labels. Previously reported methods for the formation of such maleinimides starting from open‐ring precursors require rather harsh conditions. The new benzoxazines 5–7 are characterized by a fairly long and flexible linker between the chromophore and the maleinimide functional group, and their fluorescence can be photoexcited with diode lasers (which are preferred light sources in fluorometry). They were conjugated to: (a) the aminothiol cysteamine, (b) the peptide glutathione, and (c) to human serum albumin. The fluorescence of the phenoxazinone 5 is strongly solvatochromic, which suggests its use as a polarity‐sensitive probe.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Preparation of N‐Alkylated Tacrine and Huprine Compounds
Authors: Ronco Cyril , Jean Ludovic , Outaabout Hakim , Renard Pierre‐Yves 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn efficient preparation of N‐alkylated tacrine and huprine compounds using palladium‐catalyzed amination was developed. Cross‐coupling reactions with chloroquinolines and primary amines were achieved in good to excellent yields (50–95 %) following microwave irradiation. This method was found particularly useful for functionalized substrates which undergo degradation under SNAr conditions and for the synthesis of tacrine‐ and huprine‐based heterodimeric inhibitors, examples of which are described.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Bourgeanic Acid Utilizing Desymmetrization Strategy
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Rao K. V. Raghavendra , Ravindar K. , Reddy B. V. Subba 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA highly stereoselective total synthesis of an aliphatic depside (+)‐bourgeanic acid via (–)‐hemibourgeanic acid and bourgeanic lactone is described. The key steps involved in this synthesis are desymmetrization of bicyclic olefin with Brown's asymmetric hydroboration, Gillman's reaction, TEMPO‐BAIB mediated selective oxidation of 1,3‐diol, Yamaguchi macro‐lactonization and LiOH‐mediated partial hydrolysis of unusually stable eight‐membered cyclic dilactone.
Clinical utility of PET/CT in the evaluation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with an unknown primary: A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Rudmik Luke , Lau Harold Y. , Matthews T. Wayne , Bosch J. Douglas , Kloiber Reinhard , Molnar Christine P. , Dort Joseph C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with an unknown primary is an uncommon but important problem. PET/CT, as an adjunct to diagnosis, is potentially useful but has never been studied in a prospective, single‐blinded clinical trial.MethodsIn all, 20 subjects with cervical metastases from an unknown head and neck primary were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial. A standard protocol was used in both clinic and operating room (OR). Study surgeons were blinded to the PET/CT result upon completion of the standard work‐up.ResultsPET/CT increased the detection of a primary site from 25% to 55% (5 vs 11 subjects). This difference was statistically and clinically significant (p = .03, McNemar's test). There was 1 false negative PET/CT scan.ConclusionsAn unknown primary should be diagnosed only after a complete head and neck examination, flexible endoscopy, and CT or MRI. PET/CT performed prior to panendoscopy will increase the diagnostic yield in the unknown head and neck primary population, leading to more targeted, and less morbid, treatment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Characteristics of Killian–Jamieson diverticula mimicking a thyroid nodule
Authors: Kim Hee Kyung , Lee Ji In , Jang Hye Won , Bae So Young , Lee Jun Haeng , Kim Young‐sun , Shin Jung Hee , Kim Sun Wook , Chung Jae Hoon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundKillian–Jamieson (K–J) diverticula have been incidentally detected on neck ultrasonography and could be misdiagnosed as thyroid nodules. The purpose of this study was to define the clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of K–J diverticula.MethodsWe analyzed 13 patients with K–J diverticula mimicking thyroid nodules including 4 of our patients and 11 previously reported cases between 1984 and August 2009.ResultsSeven patients (54%) were women, and all patients were asymptomatic. The average lesion's diameter was 1.5 cm (range, 0.5–4.0). Most of the lesions (92%) were located in the left thyroid lobe. Ultrasonography showed heterogeneous echogenic masses with echogenic foci and hypoechoic rims. A connection with the adjacent esophageal wall was found in 7 diverticula (54%) at the time of initial diagnosis.ConclusionThe K–J diverticula had unique ultrasonographic findings. Awareness of the fact that K–J diverticula can be misdiagnosed as thyroid nodules is important to avoid unnecessary interventions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Polymorphisms in oxidative stress‐related genes and postmenopausal breast cancer risk
Authors: Seibold Petra , Hein Rebecca , Schmezer Peter , Hall Per , Liu Jianjun , Dahmen Norbert , Flesch‐Janys Dieter , Popanda Odilia , Chang‐Claude Jenny 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer type among women in western countries. In addition to established risk factors like hormone replacement therapy, oxidative stress may play a role in carcinogenesis through an unbalanced generation of reactive oxygen species that leads to genetic instability. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes related to oxidative stress on postmenopausal breast cancer risk. We genotyped 109 polymorphisms (mainly tagging SNPs) in 22 candidate genes in 1,639 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 1,967 controls (set 1) from the German population‐based case‐control study “MARIE”. SNPs showing association in set 1 were tested in further 863 cases and 2,863 controls from MARIE (set 2) using a joint analysis strategy. Six polymorphisms evaluated in the combined set showed significantly modified breast cancer risk per allele in the joint analysis, including SNPs in CYBA (encoding a subunit of the NADPH oxidase: rs3794624), MT2A (metallothionein 2A: rs1580833), TXN (thioredoxin: rs2301241), and in TXN2 (thioredoxin 2: rs2267337, rs2281082, rs4821494). Associations with the CYBA rs3794624 (OR per allele: 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.99) and TXN rs2301241 variants (OR per allele: 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.10) were confirmed in the summary risk estimate analysis using up to three additional studies. We found some evidence for association of polymorphisms in genes of the thioredoxin system, CYBA, and MT2A with postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Summary evidence including independent datasets indicated moderate effects in CYBA and TXN that warrant confirmation in large independent studies.
ERK2 is essential for the growth of human epithelioid malignant mesotheliomas
Authors: Shukla Arti , Hillegass Jedd M. , MacPherson Maximilian B. , Beuschel Stacie L. , Vacek Pamela M. , Butnor Kelly J. , Pass Harvey I. , Carbone Michele , Testa Joseph R. , Heintz Nicholas H. , Mossman Brooke T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMembers of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) family may have distinct roles in the development of cell injury and repair, differentiation and carcinogenesis. Here, we show, using a synthetic small‐molecule MEK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and RNA silencing of ERK1 and 2, comparatively, that ERK2 is critical to transformation and homeostasis of human epithelioid malignant mesotheliomas (MMs), asbestos‐induced tumors with a poor prognosis. Although MM cell (HMESO) lines stably transfected with shERK1 or shERK2 both exhibited significant decreases in cell proliferationin vitro, injection of shERK2 cells, and not shERK1 cells, into immunocompromised severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice showed significant attenuated tumor growth in comparison to shControl (shCon) cells. Inhibition of migration, invasion and colony formation occurred in shERK2 MM cellsin vitro, suggesting multiple roles of ERK2 in neoplasia. Microarray and quantitative real‐time PCR analyses revealed gene expression that was significantly increased (CASP1,TRAF1andFAS) or decreased (SEMA3E, RPS6KA2, EGFandBCL2L1) in shERK2‐transfected MM cells in contrast to shCon‐transfected MM cells. Most striking decreases were observed in mRNA levels of Semaphorin 3 (SEMA3E), a candidate tumor suppressor gene linked to inhibition of angiogenesis. These studies demonstrate a key role of ERK2 in novel gene expression critical to the development of epithelioid MMs. After injection of sarcomatoid human MM (PPMMill) cells into SCID mice, both shERK1 and shERK2 lines showed significant decreased tumor growth, suggesting heterogeneous effects of ERKs in individual MMs.
In vivo efficacy of the recombinant anti‐CD64 immunotoxin H22(scFv)‐ETA′ in a human acute myeloid leukemia xenograft tumor model
Authors: Tur Mehmet Kemal , Huhn Michael , Jost Edgar , Thepen Theo , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Barth Stefan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTarget‐specific acute myeloid leukemia (AML) immunotherapy requires selective cell‐surface antigens on AML blast cells. CD64 is a promising candidate antigen because it is abundantly expressed on monocytoid differentiated AML subtypes. In previous studies, a chemically linked full‐length anti‐CD64 immunotoxin based on ricin A showed promising results in several animal models, but further development has been hindered by its substantial, dose‐limiting off‐target effects. We recently constructed the recombinant immunotoxin H22(scFv)‐ETA′, comprising a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) and a humanized scFv antibody against CD64. This molecule was shown to kill CD64+ AML‐derived tumor cell lines and primary patient‐derived AML cells specifically, both in vitro and ex vivo. Here we describe the in vivo efficiency of H22(scFv)‐ETA′ in the U937/SCID mouse xenograft model for human AML, by providing immunohistochemical evidence for the elimination of human CD64+ tumor cells in mouse organs. H22(scFv)‐ETA′ showed potent antitumor activity against myeloid tumor cells and significantly prolonged the overall survival of AML xenograft animals. In conclusion, H22(scFv)‐ETA′ is efficacious against AML with monocytoid differentiation in vitro and in animal models in vivo, providing the basis for a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AML patients.
Effects of interferon treatment on development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic virus infection: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Chuan‐Hai , Xu Ge‐Liang , Jia Wei‐Dong , Li Jian‐Sheng , Ma Jin‐Liang , Ge Yong‐Sheng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAvailable literature on the effects of interferon (IFN) treatment on development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic virus infection reports controversial results. The primary objective of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the effect of IFN on HCC risk in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; IFN's efficacy on local tumor progression and survival of advanced HCC patients was also assessed. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IFN with no antiviral treatment were selected. Finally, we identified 11 RCTs including 1,772 patients, who met our inclusion criteria to perform this meta‐analysis. Our analysis results showed that IFN significantly decreased the overall HCC incidence in HCV‐infected patients [relative risk (RR) = 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.26–0.59; p = 0.000], subgroup analysis indicated that IFN decreased HCC incidence in HCV‐related cirrhotic patients evidently (RR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.28–0.68; p = 0.000); but HCC incidence in nonresponders to initial antiviral therapy did not reduce by maintenance IFN therapy (RR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.59–1.56; p = 0.864). Analysis results also demonstrated that IFN did not significantly affect the overall rate of HCC in HBV‐infected patients although there was a trend favoring IFN therapy (RR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.05–1.04; p = 0.056). Besides, IFN did not improve one‐year overall survival of advanced HCC patients significantly (RR = 1.61; 95% CI = 0.96–2.69; p = 0.072); however, a quantitative analysis on local tumor progression could not be performed owing to lack of unified definitions among trials included in our study. By this meta‐analysis, we conclude that IFN therapy is effective in reducing overall HCC risk in chronic HCV‐infected patients; using it in this subpopulation seems promising, but its administration in other subpopulations still requires further exploration.
MicroRNA miR‐196a controls melanoma‐associated genes by regulating HOX‐C8 expression
Authors: Mueller Daniel W. , Bosserhoff Anja‐Katrin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractResulting from a screening for microRNAs differentially regulated in melanocytes and melanoma cells, we found expression of miR‐196a to be significantly down‐regulated in malignant melanoma cell lines and tissue samples. As it was stated before that miR‐196a might negatively regulate expression of the transcription factor HOX‐C8, we analyzed HOX‐C8 levels in NHEMs and melanoma cells and found a strong up‐regulation of HOX‐C8 expression in malignant melanoma cell lines and tissue samples compared with melanocytes. Several HOX‐C8 target genes are known to be involved in processes such as oncogenesis, cell adhesion, proliferation and apoptosis. We, therefore, aimed to further investigate a potential “miR‐196a → HOX‐C8 → HOX‐C8 target gene” relationship. Stable transfection with an miR‐196a expression plasmid led to strong down‐regulation of HOX‐C8 expression in melanoma cells. Luciferase assays using reporter plasmids containing different fragments of the HOX‐C8 3′UTR confirmed direct interactions of miR‐196a with the HOX‐C8 mRNA. Focusing on target genes of HOX‐C8, which might play an important role in melanomagenesis, we identified three genes (cadherin‐11, calponin‐1 and osteopontin) that are up‐ or down‐regulated, respectively, by altered HOX‐C8 expression in miR‐196a expressing cell clones and are thus indirectly regulated by this microRNA. As those target genes are closely related to important cellular mechanisms such as cell adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling, tumor formation and invasive behavior of tumor cells, altered miR‐196a expression exerts strong effects contributing to tumor cell transformation and formation and progression of malignant melanoma. This fact is underlined by a strongly reduced invasive behavior of melanoma cells re‐expressing miR‐196a in vitro.