bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dual role of CXCL8 in human CNS stem cell function: Multipotent neural stem cell death and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell chemotaxis
Authors: Kelland Eve E. , Gilmore Wendy , Weiner Leslie P. , Lund Brett T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractResearch into multiple sclerosis (MS) has shown that cells purportedly important to myelin repair within the CNS, namely neural stem cells (NSC) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC), are recruited to active lesion sites during the course of the disease. However, over time these cells appear to become depleted or functionally blocked in and around lesions, accompanied by a failure of repair mechanisms. We have previously demonstrated elevated CXCL8 in patients with MS, and hypothesized that this chemokine may play a role in the pathology of this disease. Using NSC and OPC derived in vitro from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) we demonstrate here that CXCL8 has a dual role on stem cell biology in vitro. CXCL8 caused CXCR1‐mediated death of NSC, but not OPC, whilst also acting as a potent chemoattractant for both cell types. These data support a context‐dependent role for CXCL8 expression in the CNS in which it may drive recruitment of NSC and OPC to sites of inflammation, but as a side‐effect could also contribute to the failure of myelin repair in MS. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of memantine in delaying clinical worsening in Alzheimer's disease (AD): responder analyses of nine clinical trials with patients with moderate to severe AD
Authors: Hellweg Rainer , Wirth Yvonne , Janetzky Wolfgang , Hartmann Susanne 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveResponder analyses are of relevance to evaluate the benefits of a medical treatment. The aim of the current paper is to analyse the response of patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) to memantine, and clinical relevant response is defined as a delay of clinical worsening.MethodsPost hoc analyses were performed over the results of nine individual clinical trials including 2506 study patients. Overall, estimates of the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding confidence intervals were based upon a random‐effect model for three individual domains (cognition, activities of daily living and clinical global impression). In addition, a combined responder criterion (triple response) includes all three individual domains.ResultsResponder analyses have shown that AD patients treated with memantine benefited from a significant delay of clinical worsening compared with placebo‐treated patients, and fewer patients faced clinical worsening in the relevant domains cognition (24.6% vs 36.2%, p < 0.001), activities of daily living (56.2% vs 61.6%, p < 0.05) and global impression of change (40.9% vs 49.8, p < 0.001). In addition, response to treatment on the combined domains (triple response) was significantly in favour of memantine compared with placebo, with fewer patients showing clinical worsening (11.0% vs 20.4%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsTreatment with memantine delays clinical worsening in patients with moderate to severe AD when compared with placebo. This effect was seen in single domains (cognition, functional abilities and clinical global impression) as well as in the combination of these domains. The consistent results prove the beneficial effects of memantine in moderate to severe AD patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosing different binge‐eating disorders based on reward‐related brain activation patterns
Authors: Weygandt Martin , Schaefer Axel , Schienle Anne , Haynes John‐Dylan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study addresses how visual food cues are encoded in reward related brain areas and whether this encoding might provide information to differentiate between patients suffering from eating disorders [binge‐eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN)], overweight controls (C‐OW), and normal‐weight controls (C‐NW). Participants passively viewed pictures of food stimuli and neutral stimuli in a cue reactivity design. Two classification analyses were conducted. First, we used multivariate pattern recognition techniques to decode the category of a currently viewed picture from local brain activity patterns. In the second analysis, we applied an ensemble classifier to predict the clinical status of subjects (BED, BN, C‐OW, and C‐NW) based on food‐related brain response patterns. The left insular cortex separated between food and neutral contents in all four groups. Patterns in the right insular cortex provided a maximum diagnostic accuracy for the separation of BED patients and C‐NW (86% accuracy, P < 10−5, 82% sensitivity, and 90% specificity) as well as BN patients and C‐NW (78% accuracy, P = 0.001, 86% sensitivity, and 70% specificity). The right ventral striatum separated maximally between BED patients and C‐OW (71% accuracy, P = 0.013, 59% sensitivity, and 82% specificity). The right lateral orbitofrontal cortex separated maximally between BN patients and C‐OW (86% accuracy, P < 10−4, 79% sensitivity, and 94% specificity). The best differential diagnostic separation between BED and BN patients was obtained in the left ventral striatum (84% accuracy, P < 10−3, 82% sensitivity, and 86% specificity). Our results indicate that pattern recognition techniques are able to contribute to a reliable differential diagnosis of BN and BED. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2135–2146, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing ERCC1 protein expression, mRNA levels, and genotype in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck treated with concurrent chemoradiation stratified by HPV status
Authors: Hao Desirée , Lau Harold Y. , Eliasziw Misha , Box Alan , Diaz Román , Klimowicz Alexander C. , Shin Brian , Lees‐Miller Susan P. , Magliocco Anthony M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies examining excision repair cross‐complementation group 1 (ERCC1) in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) have not compared methods of ERCC1 testing nor been stratified by human papillomavirus (HPV) status.MethodsERCC1 protein expression, mRNA, and genotype were retrospectively evaluated from pretreatment biopsies in 55 patients with SCCHN treated with chemoradiation.ResultsIn all, 50% of patients had high ERCC1 protein expression, 28.2% had low mRNA levels, and genotype frequencies were C/C = 17.1%, C/T = 43.9%, and T/T = 39.0%. No correlations were found among protein expression, mRNA, or genotype. With a median follow‐up of 54 months, the 5‐year overall survival was 57.7%. After adjusting for known prognostic factors, ERCC1 protein level and genotype resulted in hazard ratios indicating an increased risk of death of 4.4‐fold (p = .004) and 4.2‐fold (p = .044), respectively. An exploratory analysis suggested a differential prognostic effect in HPV‐negative SCCHN.ConclusionsERCC1 protein expression using the FL297 antibody warrants further study as a potential prognostic marker in SCCHN. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Management of complete esophageal stricture after treatment of head and neck cancer using combined anterograde retrograde esophageal dilation
Authors: Fowlkes Jonathan , Zald Philip B. , Andersen Peter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundComplete esophageal stricture is a difficult problem to manage. There is limited literature to support clinical decision‐making. To evaluate outcomes and efficacy, we performed a retrospective medical chart review of patients who received combined anterograde retrograde esophageal dilation (CARD) between 2002 and 2009 at our institution.MethodsFifteen patients were identified who developed a stricture requiring CARD after treatment for head and neck cancers. Outcomes were pretreatment and posttreatment diet, gastrostomy tube status, and operative complications.ResultsSix of 15 patients were gastrostomy tube‐free at last follow‐up and 11 of 15 patients were taking oral nutrition. There were 4 complications. One patient died. Two gastrostomy tube site complications occurred. One patient sustained a dental injury.ConclusionCARD offers benefit to most patients. Despite risks associated with the procedure, CARD should be considered by the clinician and patient in management of complete esophageal stricture. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
The relationship between sap flow of intercropped young poplar trees (Populus×euramericana cv. N3016) and environmental factors in a semiarid region of northeastern China
Authors: Guan De‐Xin , Zhang Xiao‐Jing , Yuan Feng‐Hui , Chen Ni‐Na , Wang An‐Zhi , Wu Jia‐Bing , Jin Chang‐Jie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEstimating transpiration of the trees in agroforestry system is important in water management of the site. Sap flow of intercropped fast‐growing young poplar trees and microclimate factors in semiarid northeastern China was measured in two growing seasons (2008 and 2009). Sapwood growth and water storage of wood and leaf increment during the growing season were involved in the calculation of sap flow. The results showed that diurnal variation of sap flow followed to that of short wave solar radiation. Sap flows both in 10 min mean and daily gross values mainly depended on solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit, and the relations well fit hyperbolic function. The regression coefficients of monthly window data indicated that the seasonal variation of sap flow capacities decreased gradually from June to September. Moderate soil water stress of upper soil layer (0–50 cm) did not constrain the sap flow because the trees could use the water at deeper soil layer. The daily sap flow per tree ranged 0.8 to 18.1 and 3.7 to 23.8 kg d−1 tree−1, with averages of 8.7 and 14.3 kg d−1 tree−1 in 2008 and 2009 respectively. An empirical model was established to estimate the sap flow of the poplar trees by solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit, leaf area index and Julian days. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity and bulk density along a blanket peatland hillslope
Authors: Lewis Ciaran , Albertson John , Xu Xianli , Kiely Ger 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article presents the results of a field investigation of saturated hydraulic conductivity Ksat and bulk density (ρbd) in an Atlantic blanket bog in the southwest of Ireland. Starting at a peatland stream and moving along an uphill transect toward the peatland interior, ρbd and Ksat were examined at regular intervals. Saturated horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Khsat) and vertical (Kvsat) was estimated at two depths: 10–20 and 30–40 cm below the peat surface, whereas ρbd was estimated for the full profile. We consider two separate zones, one a riparian zone extending 10 m from the stream and a second zone in the bog interior. We found that the Ksat was higher (~10–5 m s–1) in the bog interior than that in the riparian zone (~10–6 m s–1), whereas the converse applied to bulk density, with lowest density (~0.055 g cm–3) at the interior and highest (~0.11 g cm–3) at the riparian zone. In general, we found Khsat to be approximately twice the Kvsat. These results support the idea that the lower Ksat at the margins control the hydrology of blanket peatlands. It is therefore important that the spatial variation of these two key properties be accommodated in hydrological models if the correct rainfall runoff characteristics are to be correctly modelled. Stream flow analysis over 3 years at the peatland catchment outlet showed that the stream runoff was composed of 8% base flow and 92% flood flow, suggesting that this blanket peatland is a source rather than a sink for floodwaters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annual estimates of water and solute export from 42 tributaries to the Yukon River
Authors: Frederick Zanden A. , Anderson Suzanne P. , Striegl Robert G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAnnual export of 11 major and trace solutes for the Yukon River is found to be accurately determined based on summing 42 tributary contributions. These findings provide the first published estimates of tributary specific distribution of solutes within the Yukon River basin. First, we show that annual discharge of the Yukon River can be computed by summing calculated annual discharges from 42 tributaries. Annual discharge for the tributaries is calculated from the basin area and average annual precipitation over that area using a previously published regional regression equation. Based on tributary inputs, we estimate an average annual discharge for the Yukon River of 210 km3 year–1. This value is within 1% of the average measured annual discharge at the U.S. Geological Survey gaging station near the river terminus at Pilot Station, AK, for water years 2001 through 2005. Next, annual loads for 11 solutes are determined by combining annual discharge with point measurements of solute concentrations in tributary river water. Based on the sum of solutes in tributary water, we find that the Yukon River discharges approximately 33 million metric tons of dissolved solids each year at Pilot Station. Discharged solutes are dominated by cations calcium and magnesium (5.65 × 109 and 1.42 × 109 g year–1) and anions bicarbonate and sulphate (17.3 × 109 and 5.40 × 109 g year–1). These loads compare well with loads calculated independently at the three continuous gaging stations along the Yukon River. These findings show how annual solute yields vary throughout a major subarctic river basin and that accurate estimates of total river export can be determined from calculated tributary contributions. Copyright © 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Towards a better understanding of riparian zone water table response to precipitation: surface water infiltration, hillslope contribution or pressure wave processes?
Authors: Vidon Philippe 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDetermining how riparian zone hydrological conditions may change in response to precipitation in various geomorphic settings is critical to determine the occurrence of hot moments of biogeochemical transformations for phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfate, mercury and greenhouse gases in these systems. The author investigate water table response to precipitation at a high temporal resolution (15 min) in a riparian zone located in a deeply incised glacial till valley (20 m) with approximately 2 m of alluvium over a confining layer, in Indiana, USA. During storms, larger water table fluctuations (approximately 100 cm) occurred near the stream than near the toe slope (10–25 cm). A quick rise in water table near the stream occurred for all storms, with partial flow reversals occurring for three of seven storms. The quick rise of the water table near the stream was associated with a decrease in hillslope water contributions to the stream during storms and the development of a water table down valley gradient for most storms. Water table fluctuations, groundwater flow velocities and electrical conductivity data indicated that riparian zone water table response to precipitation was primarily regulated by pressure wave processes. Regardless of the storm, high water tables persisted for at least 2 days after the cessation of precipitation. Although this suggests that high‐resolution precipitation data may be useful to quantify hot moments of biogeochemical transformation associated with high water tables in riparian zones, precipitation data alone are not sufficient to correctly estimate the magnitude of riparian water table level changes during storms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A synergetic use of satellite imagery from SAR and optical sensors to improve coastal flood mapping in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Chaouch Naira , Temimi Marouane , Hagen Scott , Weishampel John , Medeiros Stephen , Khanbilvardi Reza 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis work proposes a method for detecting inundation between semi‐diurnal low and high water conditions in the northern Gulf of Mexico using high‐resolution satellite imagery. Radarsat 1, Landsat imagery and aerial photography from the Apalachicola region in Florida were used to demonstrate and validate the algorithm. A change detection approach was implemented through the analysis of red, green and blue (RGB) false colour composites image to emphasise differences in high and low tide inundation patterns. To alleviate the effect of inherent speckle in the SAR images, we also applied ancillary optical data. The flood‐prone area for the site was delineated a priori through the determination of lower and higher water contour lines with Landsat images combined with a high‐resolution digital elevation model. This masking technique improved the performance of the proposed algorithm with respect to detection techniques using the entire Radarsat scene. The resulting inundation maps agreed well with historical aerial photography as the probability of detection reached 83%. The combination of SAR data and optical images, when coupled with a high‐resolution digital elevation model, was shown to be useful for inundation mapping and have a great potential for evaluating wetting/drying algorithms of inland and coastal hydrodynamic models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morbidity and mortality in gynecological cancers among first‐ and second‐generation immigrants in Sweden
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohsen , Sundquist Kristina , Hemminki Kari 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe studied the effect of new environment on the risk in and mortality of gynecological cancers in first‐ and second‐generation immigrants in Sweden. We used the nationwide Swedish Family‐Cancer Database to calculate standardized incidence/mortality ratios (SIRs/SMRs) of cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers among immigrants in comparison to the native Swedes. Risk of cervical cancer increased among first‐generation immigrants with Danish (SIR = 1.64), Norwegian (1.33), former Yugoslavian (1.21) and East European (1.35) origins, whereas this risk decreased among Finns (0.88) and Asians (SIRs varies from 0.11 in Iranians to 0.54 in East Asians). Risk of endometrial (SIRs varies from 0.28 in Africans to 0.86 in Finns) and ovarian (SIRs varies from 0.23 in Chileans to 0.82 in Finns) cancers decreased in first‐generation immigrants. The overall gynecological cancer risk for the second‐generation immigrants, independent of the birth region, was almost similar to that obtained for the first generations. The birth region‐specific SMRs of gynecological cancers in first‐ and second‐generation immigrants co‐varied with the SIRs. Risk of gynecological cancers among the first‐generation immigrants is similar to that in their original countries, except for cervical cancer among Africans and endometrial cancer among North Americans and East Europeans. Our findings show that risk and mortality of gynecological cancers observed in the first‐generation immigrants remain in the second generation. We conclude that the risk and protective factors of gynecological cancers are preserved upon immigration and through generations, suggesting a role for behavioral factors or familial aggregation in the etiology of these diseases.
mTOR as a therapeutic target in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Al‐Batran Salah‐Eddin , Ducreux Michel , Ohtsu Atsushi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe poor long‐term outcomes associated with current chemotherapy treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer suggest a need for novel targeted agents that may confer a better survival benefit. Evidence of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation has been demonstrated in patient‐derived gastric cancer cells and tumors. This review explores the relevance of the mTOR pathway to gastric cancer pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target in patients with gastric cancer as well as presenting the first available clinical data on mTOR inhibitors in this disease setting. Preclinical data suggest that suppression of the mTOR pathway inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and delayed tumor progression in in vitro and animal models. In the clinical setting, the mTOR inhibitor everolimus has been active and well tolerated in phase I/II studies of patients with chemotherapy‐refractory metastatic gastric cancer. Based on these promising results, everolimus currently is being investigated as a monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in ongoing phase II/III clinical studies.
Validation of tumor‐associated macrophage ferritin light chain as a prognostic biomarker in node‐negative breast cancer tumors: A multicentric 2004 national PHRC study
Authors: Jézéquel Pascal , Campion Loïc , Spyratos Frédérique , Loussouarn Delphine , Campone Mario , Guérin‐Charbonnel Catherine , Joalland Marie‐Pierre , André Jean , Descotes Françoise , Grenot Catherine , Roy Pascal , Carlioz Antoine , Martin Pierre‐Marie , Chassevent Agnès , Jourdan Marie‐Lise , Ricolleau Gabriel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNovel prognostic biomarkers are imperatively needed to help direct treatment decisions by typing subgroups of node‐negative breast cancer patients. Large screening of different biological compartments, such as the proteome, by means of high throughput techniques may greatly help scientists to find such markers. The present retrospective multicentric study included 268 node‐negative breast cancer patients. We used a proteomic approach of SELDI‐TOF‐MS screening to identify differentially expressed cytosolic proteins with prognostic impact. The screening cohort was composed of 198 patients. Seventy supplementary patients were included for validation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoassay (IA) were run to confirm the prognostic role of the marker identified by SELDI‐TOF‐MS screening. IHC was also used to explore links between selected marker and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like, proliferation and macrophage markers. Ferritin light chain (FTL) was identified as an independent prognostic marker (HR = 1.30–95% CI: 1.10–1.50, p = 0.001). Validation step by means of IHC and IA confirmed the prognostic value of FTL level. CD68 IHC showed that FTL was stored in tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM), which exhibit an M2‐like phenotype. We report here, first, the validation of FTL as a breast tumor prognostic biomarker in node‐negative patients, and second, the fact that FTL is stored in TAM.