bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of transmembrane endothelial junction proteins in human cerebral cavernous malformations
Authors: Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Schmidt Dörthe , Schoenauer Roman , Brokopp Chad , Agarkova Irina , Bozinov Oliver , Bertalanffy Helmut , Hoerstrup Simon P. 
Published: September 2010

Object
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are among the most prevalent cerebrovascular malformations, and endothelial cells seem to play a major role in the disease. However, the underlying mechanisms, including endothelial intercellular communication, have not yet been fully elucidated. In this article, the authors focus on the endothelial junction proteins CD31, VE-cadherin, and occludin as important factors for functional cell-cell contacts known as vascular adhesion molecules and adherence and tight junctions.

Methods
Thirteen human CCM specimens and 6 control tissue specimens were cryopreserved and examined for the presence of VE-cadherin, occludin, and CD31 by immunofluorescence staining. Protein quantification was performed by triplicate measurements using western blot analysis.

Results
Immunofluorescent analyses of the CCM sections revealed a discontinuous pattern of dilated microvessels and capillaries as well as increased expression of occludin, VE-cadherin, and CD31 in the intima and in the enclosed parenchymal tissue compared with controls. Protein quantification confirmed these findings by showing upregulation of the levels of these proteins up to 2–6 times.

Conclusions
A protocol enabling the molecular and morphological examination of the intercellular contact proteins in human CCM was validated. The abnormal and discontinuous pattern in these endothelial cell–contact proteins compared with control tissue explains the loose intercellular junctions that are considered to be one of the causes of CCM-associated bleeding or transendothelial oozing of erythrocytes. Despite the small number of specimens, this study demonstrates for the first time a quantitative analysis of endothelial junction proteins in human CCM.
Patient-assessed satisfaction and outcome after microsurgical resection of cavernomas causing epilepsy
Authors: Van Gompel Jamie J. , Marsh W. Richard , Meyer Fredric B. , Worrell Gregory A. 
Published: September 2010

Object
Microsurgical resection of supratentorial cavernomas associated with intractable epilepsy is performed frequently. Despite its common occurrence, little is known about patient perceptions of microsurgical resection for cavernomas. This survey study was performed to investigate patient perceived outcome after surgery for cavernomas associated with intractable epilepsy.

Methods
The authors' surgical database was searched for cavernoma resection performed between 1971 and July of 2006. Of the initial 173 patients identified, 102 met criteria for medically intractable seizures. These 102 patients were then mailed a survey to determine follow-up and patient satisfaction. Thirty-nine surveys were returned as undeliverable, and 30 (48%) of the remaining 63 patients responded.

Results
The average age at surgery for patients responding to this survey was 40 ± 16 years compared with 35 ± 15 years for all 102 patients. At prolonged follow-up, 87% of patients reported being seizure-free. Of those with seizures, 2 (7%) reported being nearly seizure-free (rare disabling seizures), 2 (7%) believed they had a worthwhile improvement in seizure frequency, and no patient (0%) in this series believed they did not have a worthwhile improvement in seizure frequency. Ninety percent of responders stated they definitely, and 10% probably, would have surgery again. No patient responded that they probably or definitely would not have epilepsy surgery. Mean clinical follow-up was 36 ± 8 months and survey follow-up was 97 ± 13 months for these 30 patients. Use of the mail-in survey increased follow-up length 2.7 times longer compared with clinical follow-up.

Conclusions
It is clear from this select group of survey responders that patients undergoing surgery for cavernomas associated with medically intractable epilepsy are happy they underwent surgery (100%) and had excellent surgical outcomes (87% seizure-free) at prolonged follow-up of 97 ± 13 months. These survey results support that microsurgical resection for cavernomas is highly effective and significantly improves these patients' quality of life.
Symptomatic spontaneous vertebrobasilar dissections in children: review of 29 consecutive cases
Authors: Songsaeng Dittapong , Srivatanakul Kittipong , Krings Timo , Geibprasert Sasikhan , Ozanne Augustin , Lasjaunias Pierre 
Published: September 2010

Object
The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical presentation, morphological characteristics, angio-architecture, and outcome of vertebrobasilar dissection (VBD) in the pediatric population.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed 29 consecutive cases involving children younger than 16 years of age who were diagnosed with symptomatic VBDs. Data were gathered with respect to the patient's age, sex, clinical history, associated underlying disease, and symptoms (headache, vertigo) as well as the location of the dissection and the imaging appearance.

Results
The patients' mean age was 8.24 years (range 2 months–15 years). There was an overall 3:1 male predominance, although among children older than 8 years, girls and boys were similarly affected. Hemorrhagic dissections occurred in 10 of 29 cases. In nonhemorrhagic dissections, stroke occurred in 16 cases, with the most common presenting symptoms being headaches and vertigo; in the other 3 cases, mass effect due to a chronic dissecting aneurysm was present. In 7 children an underlying vessel wall disease was found. The location of the dissection was extradural in 11 cases and intradural in the remainder. There was no preference with respect to side. The basilar artery was affected in 9 patients.

Conclusions
The imaging appearance and clinical presentation of symptomatic VBDs in the pediatric population differs from that in adults. Boys are more often affected, especially at younger ages, and hemorrhagic presentation is more common, presumably owing to the fact that the basilar artery is more commonly involved. Depending on the pathogenetic mechanism underlying the dissection, different clinical symptoms will evolve, necessitating individually tailored treatment.
Development and Evaluation of Liposomes for Topical Delivery of Tacrolimus (Fk-506)
Authors: Patel S. S. , Patel M. S. , Salampure S. , Vishwanath B. , Patel N. M. 
Published: September 2010

In the present work Tacrolimus loaded liposomal systems were developed and evaluated for their topical delivery. Neutral multilamellar liposomes (MLVs) were prepared by thin film hydration method. The amount of drug loaded into vesicles ranged from 4.4 mg per 115mg to 8.2mg per 140mg of total lipid. Entrapment efficiency of tacrolimus in liposomes was studied by altering the amount of cholesterol ratio to lipid ratio. After performing stability study at different temperatures (4, 25, and 37°C) was affirms that drug leakage increased at higher temperature. The in-vitro permeation study shows significant reduced permeation with tacrolimus liposomes compared with free tacrolimus in propylene glycol. The animal study carried out on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) model in rats showed that 0.03% tacrolimus liposomal gel exhibited similar activity when compared with 0.03% marketed tacrolimus ointment. It is also likely that tacrolimus liposomal gel which leads no visible or palpable residue when applied on skin would be more appealing to patients than conventional ointment. Overall study suggests that tacrolimus can be effectively incorporated in liposomes and can be used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Keywords: Tacrolimus; Multilamellar vesicle; Allergic contact dermatitis. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.3258 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 587-598 (2010)
Ion-Exchange Resins as Controlled Drug Delivery Carriers
Authors: Srikanth M. V. , Sunil S. A. , Rao N. S. , Uhumwangho M. U. , Ramana Murthy K. V. 
Published: September 2010

Ion exchange resins (IER) are insoluble polymers that contain acidic or basic functional groups and have the ability to exchange counter-ions within aqueous solutions surrounding them. Based on the nature of the exchangeable ion of the resin as a cation or anion, it is classified as cationic or anionic exchange resins, respectively. The efficacy of ion exchange resins mainly depends upon their physical properties such as degree of cross-linking, porosity, acid base strength, stability, purity and particle size. Modified release of drugs from resinate (drug-resin complexes) is another potential application of ion exchange resins. Due to the versatile utility of ion exchange resins, they are being used for various drug delivery and therapeutic applications. Resins used are polymers that contain appropriately substituted acidic groups, such as carboxylic and sulfonic for cation exchangers; or basic groups, such as quaternary ammonium group for anion exchangers. This review addresses different types of ion exchange resin, their properties, the chemistry; role of IER in controlled drug delivery systems, its therapeutic applications, methods of preparation of IER along with their resonates. Keywords: Anion exchange; Cation exchange; Resin; Controlled release; Resinates; Drug delivery. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4991 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 599-613 (2010)
Detection and Functional Evaluation of −262A/T and −188A/G Polymorphisms of SLAM Gene in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: YOU YI , WANG ZHE , DENG GUO-HONG , LIU YI , HAO FEI 
Published: September 2010

Objective.Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) has been related to the pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through regulation of T cell-dependent humoral immune responses. We investigated the functional associations of the −262A/T and −188A/G polymorphisms of SLAM in Chinese patients with SLE.Methods.Genotyping of −262A/T (rs2295614) and −188A/G (rs2295613) in SLAM was carried out in 248 cases and 278 controls. Promoter activities of haplotypes on the SLAM gene were evaluated with the dual-luciferase reporter system. The mRNA expressions of SLAM on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of SLE patients with different genotypes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results.Frequencies of −262A allele and −188G allele were significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls. Haplotype analysis and multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that individuals with the AG/AG haplotype had increased susceptibility to SLE (p = 0.002, OR 1.478, 95% CI 1.152–1.897). In response to PHA stimulation, the SLAM mRNA expression on PBMC of SLE patients was significantly higher in −262A-188G haplotype homozygotes compared with −262A-188G heterozygotes and individuals with other genotypes.Conclusion.Our findings suggest that −262A-188G haplotype in the SLAM gene promoter contributes to the risk of SLE by increasing the expression of SLAM.
Early Predictors of Juvenile Sacroiliitis in Enthesitis-related Arthritis
Authors: PAGNINI ILARIA , SAVELLI SARA , MATUCCI-CERINIC MARCO , FONDA CLAUDIO , CIMAZ ROLANDO , SIMONINI GABRIELE 
Published: September 2010

Objective.To identify early predictors of sacroiliac (SI) involvement in a cohort of patients with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA).Methods.During a 7-year followup period, all consecutive patients fulfilling the ILAR classification criteria for ERA were enrolled. Data collected included demographic, clinical and laboratory variables at disease onset, at the onset of inflammatory back pain, and at the last available followup visit. Pelvis radiographs and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for SI joints were obtained simultaneously in all patients who developed inflammatory back pain.Results.Fifty-nine children with ERA were studied; 40 male, 19 female; median age at disease onset 9 years 4 months (range 6 yrs 6 mo – 13 yrs 3 mo). At a median interval after disease onset of 1 year 3 months, 21 children reported symptoms of inflammatory back pain. In all cases, radiographs of SI joints were negative, while dynamic MRI revealed acute sacroiliitis in 17 cases. Multivariate analysis showed that the early predictors of SI were the number of active joints (p < 0.03) and the number of active entheses (p < 0.001) at onset.Conclusion.In our cohort, roughly 30% of children with ERA/juvenile idiopathic arthritis develop clinical and MRI evidence of sacroiliitis, detectable with dynamic MRI as early as 1 year after disease onset. Additional data from larger case series are needed to assess the specificity and sensitivity of this technique in the early phase of the disease and to confirm the rate of SI involvement reported in this cohort.
Deterioration of Heart Rate Recovery Index in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: DOGDU ORHAN , YARLIOGLUES MIKAIL , KAYA MEHMET GUNGOR , ARDIC IDRIS , OGUZHAN NILUFER , AKPEK MAHMUT , SAHIN OMER , AKYOL LUTFI , KELESOGLU SABAN , KOC FATIH , OZDOGRU IBRAHIM , OGUZHAN ABDURRAHMAN 
Published: September 2010

Objective.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder resulting in multisystemic inflammatory damage. It is reported that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are responsible for 20%–30% of deaths in patients with SLE. Heart rate recovery after exercise is a function of vagal reactivation, and its impairment is an independent prognostic indicator for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate the heart rate recovery index in patients with SLE.Methods.The study population included 48 patients with SLE (35 women, mean age 46.3 ± 12.8 yrs, mean disease duration 6.0 ± 2.3 yrs) and 44 healthy controls (30 women, mean age 45.7 ± 12.9 yrs). Basal electrocardiography, echocardiography, and treadmill exercise testing were performed on all patients and controls. The heart rate recovery index was defined as the reduction in the heart rate from the rate at peak exercise to the rate at the first minute (HRR1), second minute (HRR2), third minute (HRR3), and fifth minute (HRR5) after stopping exercise stress testing.Results.There were significant differences in HRR1 and HRR2 indices between patients with SLE and the control group (24.1 ± 6.5 vs 33.3 ± 9.3; p < 0.001, and 44.6 ± 13.3 vs 53.7 ± 9.9; p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, HRR3 and HRR5 indices of the recovery period were lower in patients with SLE, compared with indices in the control group (57.6 ± 13.0 vs 64.9 ± 11.7; p = 0.006, and 67.2 ± 12.3 vs 75.0 ± 15.4; p = 0.009, respectively). Effort capacity was markedly lower (9.0 ± 1.9 vs 11.1 ± 2.3 metabolic equivalents; p = 0.001, respectively) among the patients with SLE.Conclusion.The heart rate recovery index is deteriorated in patients with SLE. When the prognostic significance of the heart rate recovery index is considered, these results may contribute to explain the increased occurrence of cardiac death. It points to the importance of the heart rate recovery index in the identification of high-risk patients.
Weight-Loss Programs in Convenient Care Clinics: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wollner Samuel , Blackburn David , Spellman Kristina , Khaodhiar Lalita , Blackburn George L. 
Published: September 2010

Purpose. Assess whether a convenient care clinic (CCC) medical weight-loss program can promote weight loss. Design. Prospective cohort study with follow-up at 10 weeks. Setting. A CCC (Lindora Health Clinic) weight-loss program (Lean for Life) based in a retail pharmacy (Rite Aid Pharmacy) in Costa Mesa, California. Subjects. The first 100 people to purchase the weight-loss program. Intervention. A 10-week, $465 medical weight-loss program with individual counseling sessions; a hypocaloric diet of 900 to 1200 kcal/day (25%–30% carbohydrates, 40% protein, 25% fat); and adjunctive pharmacologic treatment, if necessary. Measures. We collected data on age, height, weight, visits per week, medication use, comorbid conditions, and weight change. Analysis. Data were analyzed based on length of enrollment and mean percent weight loss. Statistical tests used were t-test and Spearman rank correlation test. Results. Eighty-six subjects had valid data entries for weight change over the 10-week period. Average age was 51.6 years; mean starting body mass index was 30.3. Thirty patients participated for 0 to 4 weeks, 30 for 4 to 9 weeks, and 26 for 10 weeks. Mean percent weight changes for the 0 to 4, 5 to 9, and 10-week groups were −1.6, −6.0, and −8.1, respectively. Forty-five (45%) of the patients achieved medically significant weight loss (≥ 5%). Conclusion. The study shows that a medical weight-loss program offered at a CCC in a retail pharmacy can produce medically significant weight loss of ≥5%. Further research of collaborations between the retail and medical weight-loss industries is warranted. Study design limitations included selection bias and confounding variables other than the weight-loss program.
Re-Esterified Triglyceride ω-3 Fatty Acids in Dry Eye Disease With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Authors: Eom Youngsub , Jun Ikhyun , Jeon Hyun Sun , Lim Dong Hui , Lee Hun , Hwang Ho Sik , Chung So-Hyang , Chung Tae-Young , Kim Jae Yong , Kim Sun Woong , Choi Chul Young , Song Jong Suk , Kim Mee Kum , Seo Kyoung Yul , Hyon Joon Young 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceTaking ω-3 supplements has been associated with a reduction in symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). However, a recent relatively large clinical trial concluded that treating DED with ω-3 consumption was ineffective, potentially warranting additional investigations.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on DED associated with MGD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis double-masked, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial was conducted at 7 institutions from September 2020 to January 2023. Patients with DED associated with MGD were included and randomly assigned to the ω-3 group (received 1680 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 560 mg of docosahexaenoic acid), whereas those in the grape-seed group received 3000 mg of grape-seed oil daily.InterventionsrTG ω-3 Fatty acid supplementation vs grape-seed oil.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary end point was the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) from baseline to 6 and 12 weeks. The safety parameters were visual acuity and intraocular pressure change.ResultsA total of 132 patients (mean [SD] age, 50.6 [13.8] years; 103 female [78.0%]) were included in this study. The mean (SD) baseline OSDI scores of the ω-3 and grape-seed groups were 43.5 (16.5) and 44.1 (16.6), respectively. A total of 58 patients (87.9%) and 57 patients (86.4%) in the ω-3 and grape-seed groups, respectively, completed 12 weeks of follow-up. There were no differences in compliance with the dietary supplement intake between groups (ω-3, 95.8% and grape-seed, 95.4%). The OSDI (SD) change from baseline to 6 and 12 weeks was −20.5 (16.0) and −22.7 (15.7), respectively, in the ω-3 group and −15.1 (20.2) and −18.8 (21.7), respectively, in the grape-seed control group (difference at 6 weeks = −5.4; 95% CI, −12.15 to 1.33; P = .12 and at 12 weeks = −3.9; 95% CI, −10.90 to 3.13; P = .28). There were no changes in safety parameters or adverse events related to taking the dietary supplement in either group.Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial did not show a benefit of the rTG form of ω-3 for ameliorating symptoms of DED associated with MGD, although fewer than 60 participants were evaluated in each group. Any secondary outcomes from this study should be considered for hypothesis generation of future evaluations of the effect of the rTG form of ω-3 on DED associated with MGD.Trial RegistrationCRIS Identifier: KCT0004927
Malignant Transformation of Dysplastic Vocal Fold Lesions
Authors: Horton Garret , Philteos Justine , Lin R. Jun 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceThe reported rates of malignant transformation of dysplastic laryngeal lesions are highly variable, as is time to malignant degeneration.ObjectiveTo evaluate the rate of and time to malignant transformation of dysplastic laryngeal lesions based on the World Health Organization (WHO) dysplasia classification system.Data SourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Cochrane Reviews were searched from the date of database inception to June 8, 2023.Study SelectionEnglish-language articles assessing the rate of malignant transformation using the 2005 WHO dysplasia classification system were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.Data Extraction and SynthesisThe study was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Data extraction was performed by 2 independent investigators. Study quality was assessed using a validated quality tool. When possible, data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was the malignant transformation rate in each laryngeal dysplasia category. Secondary outcome measure was the time interval over which malignant transformation had occurred.ResultsA total of 5585 records were screened, 61 full texts were assessed, and 18 retrospective cohort studies with 3243 participants were included in the final review. The weighted pooled mean malignant transformation rates of mildly, moderately, and severely dysplastic lesions were 10.9%, 23.3%, and 30.5%, respectively. Malignant transformation rate of nondysplastic laryngeal lesions was 4.5%. Moderately and severely dysplastic lesions had significantly higher odds of malignant transformation compared with mildly dysplastic lesions (moderate: odds ratio [OR], 2.90 [95% CI, 2.06-4.09]; I2 = 0%; severe: OR, 3.42 [95% CI, 2.11-5.52]; I2 = 40%). Lesions without dysplasia had a significantly lower odds of malignant transformation compared with lesions with mild dysplasia (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28-0.81; I2 = 0%). The overall mean time to malignant transformation was 28.8 months (range, 22.0-35.6 months) for all dysplasia grades.Conclusion and RelevanceThis systematic review and meta-analysis found that the rate of malignant transformation increased with the grade of laryngeal dysplasia. Moderately dysplastic lesions were more likely to undergo malignant degeneration compared with mildly dysplastic lesions.