bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple flowcell for reaction monitoring by NMR
Authors: Khajeh M. , Bernstein M. A. , Morris G. A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA simple, cheap and flexible flowcell based on a standard 5 mm NMR tube, designed for the monitoring of reactions but of wide applicability, is described. No modification of the NMR instrument is needed, allowing the system to be employed with any conventional NMR probe and magnet. The system is robust and economical in use of reagents, and can be used for studying both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of variational formats for porous media subjected to dynamic loading
Authors: Lenhof B. , Larsson F. , Runesson K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a comparison of two variational formats for fully saturated porous media subjected to dynamic loading, whereby the general situation of relative fluid acceleration is considered: (1) the classical three‐field (u, p, w)‐format and (2) a novel two‐field (u, p)‐format, where the seepage velocity w is a spatially ‘local’ field whose treatment resembles that of internal variables in material models. The limited numerical comparison shows that the (u, p)‐format competes well with the (u, p, w)‐format. Indeed, it is consistent with the general acceleration modeling in the full range of permeabilities. Moreover, in the low permeability regime (where the magnitude of w is insignificant), the new format reflects the situation pertinent to ‘added‐mass’ and is more efficient than the classical (u, p, w)‐format. Finally, the (u, p)‐formatcan conveniently be implemented in existing FE‐codes based on the ‘added mass’ formulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of a daily electronic survey to study prevention behavior with HIV‐infected individuals
Authors: Cook Paul F. , McElwain Catherine J. , Bradley‐Springer Lucy A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe daily experiences of persons living with HIV (PLWH) are important but under‐studied as predictors of HIV prevention behavior. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an intensive within‐subjects data collection method that can be used to examine daily experiences. To determine whether PLWH would participate in EMA, we conducted a feasibility study with 21 PLWH. The method was acceptable to men and women from diverse backgrounds, with 81% (17/21) completing 2 months of daily surveys, and 67% (14/21) completing 6 months. Measures were completed on 72% of study days. Only 6% of records had missing data. Daily survey completion decreased over time. Participants reported that EMA was easy and did not influence their behaviors. Results suggest EMA is feasible with PLWH. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:221–234, 2010
The synthesis and properties of a reactive flame‐retardant unsaturated polyester resin from a phosphorus‐containing diacid
Authors: Zhang Chen , Huang Jun Yi , Liu Shu Mei , Zhao Jian Qing 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA transparent flame‐retardant unsaturated polyester resin (FR‐UPR) was obtained by reacting propylene glycol (PG) with maleic anhydride (MA), phthalic anhydride (PA), and 9,10‐dihydro‐10[2,3‐di(hydroxy carbonyl)propyl]‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DDP) synthesized from 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene 10‐oxide (DOPO) and itaconic acid (ITA). The chemical structure of the resulting FR‐UPR was confirmed by FTIR, 1H‐NMR and 31P‐NMR. The average molecular weight and viscosity of the FR‐UPR were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and viscometer, respectively. Thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) both in air and nitrogen to determine the thermal decomposition mechanism, and the apparent activation energy (Ea) was calculated by both the Kissinger and Ozawa methods. Compared to unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), the higher Ea of FR‐UPR3 implied an improved thermal stability. According to variations of the limited oxygen index (LOI) values, the UL 94 rating of vertical burning test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs of char residues, the flame retardance of cured FR‐UPR was enhanced with increasing DDP content. The study of fire reaction tests, using a cone calorimeter, suggested that there was a significant reduction of flammability in the FR‐UPR. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, combustion, and thermal behavior of UV‐cured epoxy‐based coatings containing layered double hydroxide
Authors: Xing Weiyi , Song Lei , Wang Xin , Lv Xiaoqi , Hu Yuan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe bisphenol A epoxy acrylate resin (EA) containing a small amount of layered double hydroxide (LDH) was cured within seconds under UV irradiation at ambient temperature. Its microstructure was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The combustion behavior of the coating was examined by the Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) and limiting oxygen index (LOI). The results obtained from MCC and LOI indicated that the addition of LDH into EA could decrease the peak of heat release rate (HRR) for the films and increase the LOI value of the films. Thermal behavior of the cured films was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results for TGA indicated that with increase in the contents of LDH, the residual char of UV‐cured films increased at 600 °C. The evolved products for UV‐cured films were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TGA‐IR). It was implied that the mechanism of thermal degradation for EA0 was different from EA4. Viscoelastic property of photo‐cured hybrid materials was evaluated by dynamic‐mechanical analysis. The effect of LDH on the properties of UV‐curable films was critically evaluated in this paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An alternative method for irones quantification in iris rhizomes using headspace solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Roger B. , Fernandez X. , Jeannot V. , Chahboun J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroduction – The essential oil obtained from iris rhizomes is one of the most precious raw materials for the perfume industry. Its fragrance is due to irones that are gradually formed by oxidative degradation of iridals during rhizome ageing.Objective – The development of an alternative method allowing irone quantification in iris rhizomes using HS‐SPME‐GC.Methodology – The development of the method using HS‐SPME‐GC was achieved using the results obtained from a conventional method, i.e. a solid–liquid extraction (SLE) followed by irone quantification by CG.Results – Among several calibration methods tested, internal calibration gave the best results and was the least sensitive to the matrix effect. The proposed method using HS‐SPME‐GC is as accurate and reproducible as the conventional one using SLE. These two methods were used to monitor and compare irone concentrations in iris rhizomes that had been stored for 6 months to 9 years.Conclusion – Irone quantification in iris rhizome can be achieved using HS‐SPME‐GC. This method can thus be used for the quality control of the iris rhizomes. It offers the advantage of combining extraction and analysis with an automated device and thus allows a large number of rhizome batches to be analysed and compared in a limited amount of time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of indoor and outdoor performance measurements of recent commercially available solar modules
Authors: Virtuani A. , Müllejans H. , Dunlop E. D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe strong growth of the PV market is accompanied by an increasing number of “new” PV technologies and concepts now mature for commercialization. A correct calibration of these devices is in some cases very difficult, because indoor and outdoor performance measurements often lead to different results. In this paper we compare theindoorandoutdoorperformance measurements of a set of recent commercially available PV modules (conventional and high‐efficiency c‐Si, single‐, double‐, and triple‐junction thin film (TF) technologies) and we observe that the maximum powerPmaxof some devices measured indoors using our large area pulsed solar simulator is usually lower than the power measured outdoors under natural sunlight. The major effects which lead to these discrepancies are identified, as follows: (a)spectral mismatch errors, very significant for CdTe, and all a‐Si TF technologies; (b) measurement‐relatedsweep‐time effects, which seem to strongly influence the performance of high efficiency c‐Si devices and to a lesser extend of all a‐Si TF technologies; and (c) short‐timelight‐soaking effects, which influence the performance of CIS and to a lesser extent CdTe. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
E10: Eine fundamentale Symmetrie der Physik? Neuer Zugang zur Quantengravitation
Authors: Nicolai Hermann , Kleinschmidt Axel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSymmetrien spielen in den grundlegenden Theorien der Physik eine zentrale Rolle. Sie könnten helfen, eine Quantengravitation zu entwickeln, die erfolgreich Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie und Quantentheorie zusammenbringt. Gibt es ein Symmetrieprinzip, das diese Zusammenführung bewirkt? Die einzigartige mathematische E10‐Struktur eröffnet tatsächlich einen neuen Zugang zur Quantengravitation. Mit ihr ließe sich eine neue Beschreibung von urknallartigen Singularitäten und Schwarzen Löchern finden. Das vollständige Verständnis des E10‐Modells mit seinen Auswirkungen auf die Struktur der Raumzeit könnte tiefe Einblicke in grundlegende Symmetrien und Prinzipien der Welt eröffnen. Noch allerdings steht die theoretische Physik hier am Anfang.
Vom Kolibri zum Wal
Authors: Rolfs Claus 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDer Mensch, alle Säugetiere und alle Vögel sind Warmblüter, denn sie haben warmes Blut in ihren Adern. Diese Lebewesen strahlen daher Energie ab. Damit sie – trotz dieses Energieverlustes – ihre Körpertemperatur konstant halten können und nicht abkühlen und sterben, müssen sie von Zeit zu Zeit Nahrung aufnehmen und verbrennen. Diesen Vorgang nennt man Metabolismus. Abschätzungen der umgesetzten Energie erlauben Rückschlüsse auf grundlegende Eigenschaften wie die Größe von Tieren.
Multivariate denoising methods combining wavelets and principal component analysis for mass spectrometry data
Authors: Mostacci Elise , Truntzer Caroline , Cardot Hervé , Ducoroy Patrick 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe identification of new diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers is one of the main aims of clinical cancer research. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using mass spectrometry for the detection of such biomarkers. The MS signal resulting from MALDI‐TOF measurements is contaminated by different sources of technical variations that can be removed by a prior pre‐processing step. In particular, denoising makes it possible to remove the random noise contained in the signal. Wavelet methodology associated with thresholding is usually used for this purpose. In this study, we adapted two multivariate denoising methods that combine wavelets and PCA to MS data. The objective was to obtain better denoising of the data so as to extract the meaningful proteomic biological information from the raw spectra and reach meaningful clinical conclusions. The proposed methods were evaluated and compared with the classical soft thresholding denoising method using both real and simulated data sets. It was shown that taking into account common structures of the signals by adding a dimension reduction step on approximation coefficients through PCA provided more effective denoising when combined with soft thresholding on detail coefficients.
2‐DE proteome maps for the leaf apoplast of Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Goulet Charles , Goulet Catherine , Goulet Marie‐Claire , Michaud Dominique 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe provide 2‐D gel reference maps for the apoplastic proteome of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infiltrated or not with the bacterial gene vector Agrobacterium tumefaciens. About 90 proteins were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS for identification and function assignment. We show, overall, an effective response of the plant to agroinfiltration involving a specific, cell wall maintenance‐independent up‐regulation of defense protein secretion. The proteome maps described should be a useful tool for systemic studies on plant–pathogen interactions or cell wall metabolism. They also should prove useful for the monitoring of secreted recombinant proteins and their possible pleiotropic effects along the cell secretory pathway of N. benthamiana leaves used as an expression platform for clinically useful proteins.
Analysis of the phosphoproteome of the multicellular bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) by protein/peptide fractionation, phosphopeptide enrichment and high‐accuracy mass spectrometry
Authors: Parker Jennifer L. , Jones Alexandra M. E. , Serazetdinova Liliya , Saalbach Gerhard , Bibb Mervyn J. , Naldrett Mike J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr)/tyrosine (Tyr) phosphoproteome of exponentially growing Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was analysed using the gel‐free approaches of preparative IEF for protein fractionation, followed by strong cation exchange peptide fractionation and phosphopeptide enrichment by TiO2 metal oxide affinity chromatography. Phosphopeptides were identified using LC‐ESI‐LTQ‐Orbitrap™ MS. Forty‐six novel phosphorylation sites were identified on 40 proteins involved in gene regulation or signalling, central metabolism, protein biosynthesis, membrane transport and cell division, as well as several of unknown function. In contrast to other studies, Thr phosphorylation appeared to be preferred, with relative levels of Ser, Thr and Tyr phosphorylation of 34, 52 and 14%, respectively. Genes for most of the 40 phosphorylated proteins reside in the central “housekeeping” region of the linear S. coelicolor chromosome, suggesting that in general Ser, Thr and Tyr phosphorylation play a role in regulating essential aspects of metabolism in streptomycetes. A greater number of regulators and putative regulators were also identified compared with other bacterial phosphoproteome studies, potentially reflecting the complex heterotrophic and developmental life style of S. coelicolor. This study is the first analysis of the phosphoproteome of a member of this morphologically complex and industrially important group of microorganisms.
A DFT‐based exploration augmented by X‐ray and NMR of the stereoselectivity in the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 1‐pyrroline‐1‐oxide to methyl cinnamate and benzylidene acetophenone
Authors: Acharjee Nivedita , Das Tapas Kumar , Banerji Avijit , Banerjee Manas , Prangé Theirry 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA B3LYP/6–31G* study was carried out for the reactions of 1‐pyrroline‐1‐oxide (N1) with methyl cinnamate (E1) and benzylidene acetophenone (E2) for getting a quantitative rationalization of the experimental findings. The product ratios were determined by NMR studies of the crude reaction mixtures. The conformation and stereochemistry of the isolated cycloadducts were finally confirmed by 2D NMR and X‐ray diffraction. The endo/exo‐selectivities were predicted through the computation of activation parameters on the basis of assumed concerted mechanism. The regioselectivity and reactivity were amply predicted by local and global electrophilicity indices and were found to be in good agreement with the experimental findings which were supportive of polar character and of the direction of charge transfer (CT) accompanying the cycloaddition. It was found that the cycloaddition involving methyl cinnamate was endo‐selective, while that with benzylidene acetophenone produced the exo‐isomer as the major adduct. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static ignition hazards of “conductive” liquids during container filling
Authors: Britton Laurence G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper briefly discusses the hazards of “splash filling” containers with liquids that are sufficiently conductive to produce sparks at their surfaces. It is advised that the “2 mm” (2000 micron) maximum safe coating thickness for containers given in Codes and Recommended Practices is unsafe and should probably read “2 mil” (50 micron) instead. For a typical drum filling operation the effect of increased coating thickness in this range is to increase the liquid voltage by a factor of about 80. This paper advises on the appropriate use of dip pipes and other precautions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Mn2+‐assisted recombination of trions in semimagnetic quantum dots
Authors: Chernenko A. V. , Brichkin A. S. , Sokolov S. V. , Ivanov S. V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPhotoluminescence studies of individual CdSe/ZnSe/ZnMnSe quantum dots (QDs) allow us to observe excitons and negatively charged trions in spectra recorded at liquid He temperatures. Exciton and trion lines equally split into a doublet of circularly polarized lines in a magnetic field B directed perpendicular to the sample plain. The ratio of intensities of lines in the doublet differs for excitons and trions. The difference can be explained if spin‐dependent non‐radiative recombination is taken into account. Contrary to expectations processes induced by the Coulomb interaction do not lead to such a recombination. The dominant mechanism of spin‐dependent energy transfer from photoexcited QDs to Mn ions is related to the sp‐d mixing. The efficiency of this mechanism substantially exceeds that induced by the Coulomb interaction. Suppression of the non‐radiative recombination by a magnetic field in Faraday geometry leads to the increase in QDs PL intensity.
Green electron‐beam pumped laser arrays based on II–VI nanostructures
Authors: Zverev M. M. , Ivanov S. V. , Gamov N. A. , Zdanova E. V. , Studionov V. B. , Peregoudov D. V. , Sedova I. V. , Gronin S. V. , Sorokin S. V. , Kop'ev P. S. , Olikhov I. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRoom temperature electron‐beam pumped (U = 15–26 keV) green lasers and laser arrays based on multiple quantum well II–VI structures with an extended up to 2 µm waveguide have been studied. The maximum achieved output pulse power is as high as 31 and 630 W per facet from a single 0.24‐mm‐wide laser element at the cavity length of 0.4 mm and a laser array consisting of 26 elements, respectively.
Robotic vs. laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Markar S. R. , Karthikesalingam A. P. , Hagen M. E. , Talamini M. , Horgan S. , Wagner O. J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to compare clinical outcome following laparoscopic and robotic Nissen fundoplication. A systematic literature search of Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Primary outcome measures were the requirement for re‐operation, postoperative mortality and postoperative dysphagia. Secondary outcome measures were operative time, length of hospital stay, operative complications and cost. Six randomized trials, of 226 patients, were included in this meta‐analysis. There was no significant difference in requirement for re‐operation or in postoperative dysphagia. There was a significantly reduced total operative time in the laparoscopic group (weighted mean difference = 4.154; 95% CI = 1.932–6.375; p = 0.0002). There was no significant difference between robotic and laparoscopic groups for hospital stay or operative complications. Clinical results from robotic Nissen fundoplication were comparable to the standard laparoscopic approach, but there was associated increased operative time and procedure cost. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable development policies and achievements in the context of the agriculture sector in Thailand
Authors: Kasem Sukallaya , Thapa Gopal B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractConsistent with Agenda 21 and the philosophy of ‘sufficiency economy’, Thailand has pursued sustainable agricultural development policy to complement its pursuit of sustainable national development. Primarily based on secondary information, this study first analyzes the evolving sustainable agricultural development policies, followed by an assessment of the achievements attained, where explanations are provided for the achievement or non‐achievement. The findings reveal that Thailand began to pay attention to sustainable agricultural development policy starting in the early 1990s. However, it was only after the adoption of the philosophy of ‘sufficiency economy’ as the main sustainable development policy agendum that the country began to move seriously towards sustainable agriculture development. In this regard, several policy instruments were introduced, including crop diversification, reduced use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, and promotion of organic agriculture and healthy food. Overall, impressive achievements were made in introducing such policies, but those policies may have little effect on the ground, considering that conventional agriculture has still remained largely intact. The reasons for the divergence between the policies and actual practices are explained in this paper, while important policy relevant conclusions applicable to all developing countries are also deduced. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Improved bonding strength between TiO2 film and Ti substrate by microarc oxidation
Authors: Hong M. H. , Lee D. H. , Kim K. M. , Lee Y. K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTitanium (Ti) and its alloys have proved to be very suitable materials for load‐bearing bioimplant applications. Unfortunately, Ti and its alloys exhibit poor osteoinductive properties like most metals. This drawback was recently addressed by modified titania (TiO2). However, the bonding strength between TiO2 and substrate is not very strong. Therefore, mechanical properties and biochemical stability are very important.Many techniques have been investigated for modifying the TiO2 layer. Microarc oxidation (MAO) represents a relatively new surface modification technique where thick, hard and anticorrosive oxide coatings can be easily and cost‐effectively fabricated. In this study, various chemicals were used as the electrolyte for MAO. Hydroxyapatite (HA) suspension was prepared by dispersing HA powder in distilled water and adjusting the pH in the range of 4–11.Bonding strength between TiO2 film and substrate was determined by modified ASTM C‐633 and the ability to form apatite was confirmed after MAO, by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). The bonding strength decreased when the electrolyte was changed, but increased with increasing voltage. Bioactivity was only present in NaOH‐treated specimens. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the flow in lean software development
Authors: Petersen K. , Wohlin C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractResponsiveness to customer needs is an important goal in agile and lean software development. One major aspect is to have a continuous and smooth flow that quickly delivers value to the customer. In this paper we apply cumulative flow diagrams to visualize the flow of lean software development. The main contribution is the definition of novel measures connected to the diagrams to achieve the following goals: (1) increase throughput and reduce lead‐time to achieve high responsiveness to customers' needs and (2) to provide a tracking system that shows the progress/status of software product development. An evaluation of the measures in an industrial case study showed that practitioners found them useful and identify improvements based on the measurements, which were in line with lean and agile principles. Furthermore, the practitioners found the measures useful in seeing the progress of development for complex products where many tasks are executed in parallel. The measures are now an integral part of the improvement work at the studied company. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.