bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion avoidance in patients with anorexia nervosa: Initial test of a functional model
Authors: Wildes Jennifer E. , Ringham Rebecca M. , Marcus Marsha D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate emotion avoidance in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and to examine whether emotion avoidance helps to explain (i.e., mediates) the relation between depressive and anxiety symptoms and eating disorder (ED) psychopathology in this group.Method:Seventy‐five patients with AN completed questionnaires to assess study variables. Rates of emotion avoidance were compared to published data, and regression models were used to test the hypothesis that emotion avoidance mediates the relation between depressive and anxiety symptoms and ED psychopathology in AN.Results:Patients with AN endorsed levels of emotion avoidance that were comparable to or higher than other psychiatric populations and exceeded community controls. As predicted, emotion avoidance significantly explained the relations of depressive and anxiety symptoms to ED psychopathology.Discussion:Findings confirm that emotion avoidance is present in patients with AN and provide initial support for the idea that anorexic symptoms function, in part, to help individuals avoid aversive emotional states. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Water use characteristics of cacao and Gliricidia trees in an agroforest in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Köhler Michael , Dierick Diego , Schwendenmann Luitgard , Hölscher Dirk 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWater use characteristics of cacao (Theobroma cacao) and Gliricidia sepium shade trees were studied in an agroforest on Sulawesi, Indonesia. The objectives were: (1) to identify environmental and tree structural factors controlling water use, (2) to analyse the effect of shade tree cover on cacao water use and (3) to estimate stand level transpiration. Sap flux density was measured in up to 18 trees per species and described with a Jarvis‐type model. Model parameters suggested a 49% higher maximum sap flux density in cacao than in Gliricidia and species differences in the response to vapour pressure deficit and radiation. Tree water use was positively related to tree diameter in both species, but this relationship tended to differ between species. In cacao trees maximal tree water use increased with decreasing canopy gap fraction above the trees (R2adj = 0·39, p = 0·04). This was paralleled by an increase of cacao stem diameter and leaf area with decreasing gap fraction. Maximum water use rate per unit crown area of cacao was 13% higher than that of Gliricidia. At the stand level the average transpiration rate was estimated at 1·5 mm day−1 per unit ground area, 70% of which was contributed to by cacao. We conclude that, in the given stand, species differed substantially in water use characteristics, while estimated stand transpiration is in line with findings from other studies for cacao stands. Shade trees may enhance stand transpiration through own water use and additionally by increasing water use rates of cacao trees. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of climate change on the coupled dynamics of water and vegetation in drylands
Authors: Tietjen Britta , Jeltsch Florian , Zehe Erwin , Classen Nikolaus , Groengroeft Alexander , Schiffers Katja , Oldeland Jens 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDrylands worldwide are exposed to a highly variable environment and face a high risk of degradation. The effects of global climate change such as altered precipitation patterns and increased temperature leading to reduced water availability will likely increase this risk. At the same time, an elevated atmospheric CO2 level could mitigate the effects of reduced water availability by increasing the water use efficiency of plants. To prevent degradation of drylands, it is essential to understand the underlying processes that affect water availability and vegetation cover. Since water and vegetation are strongly interdependent in water‐limited ecosystems, changes can lead to highly non‐linear effects. We assess these effects by developing an ecohydrological model of soil moisture and vegetation cover. The water component of the model simulates the daily dynamics of surface water and water contents in two soil layers. Vegetation is represented by two functional types: shrubs and grasses. These compete for soil water and strongly influence hydrological processes. We apply the model to a Namibian thornbush savanna and evaluate the separate and combined effects of decreased annual precipitation, increased temperature, more variable precipitation and elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil moisture and on vegetation cover. The results show that two main factors control the response of plant types towards climate change, namely a change in water availability and a change in water allocation to a specific plant type. Especially, reduced competitiveness of grasses can lead to a higher risk of shrub encroachment in these systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopic Characterization and Conformational Properties of S‐(Fluoroformyl)‐O‐(acetyl) Thioperoxide and S‐(Fluoroformyl)‐O‐(trifluoroacetyl) Thioperoxide
Authors: Cuaquira Reina Marlene , Della Védova Carlos O. , Ulic Sonia E. , Willner Helge , Oberhammer Heinz 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe conformational properties of FC(O)SOC(O)CH3 and FC(O)SOC(O)CF3 were studied by vibrational spectroscopy [IR (gas phase, Ar matrix), Raman (liquid phase)] and quantum chemical calculations (B3LYP and MP2 methods). For both compounds the syn‐gauche‐syn conformer with synperiplanar orientation of both carbonyl C=O bonds with respect to the S–O bond, and gauche orientation around the S–O bond (C1 symmetry) is the most stable structure [73(5) % for FC(O)SOC(O)CH3 and 82(5) % for FC(O)SOC(O)CF3]. For FC(O)SOC(O)CH3 two more conformers are observed in the Ar‐matrix spectra, 18(5) % syn‐trans‐syn with trans orientation around the S–O bond [φ(C–S–O–C) = 180°, C2 symmetry] and 9(5) % anti‐gauche‐syn with the FC(O) group oriented anti with respect to the S–O bond. The experimental free energy differences for these most stable forms of FC(O)SOC(O)CH3 are ΔG° = G°(syn‐trans‐syn) – G°(syn‐gauche‐syn) = 0.83(17) kcal mol–1 and ΔG° = G°(anti‐gauche‐syn) – G°(syn‐gauche‐syn) = 1.27(35) kcal mol–1, respectively. These values are well reproduced by the B3YLP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ method (0.76 and 1.23 kcal mol–1), but not by the MP2 approximation (2.72 and 1.28 kcal mol–1) For FC(O)SOC(O)CF3 only one more stable conformer, 18(5) % anti‐gauche‐syn, is observed. The experimental free energy difference between both rotamers of FC(O)SOC(O)CF3, ΔG° = G°(anti‐gauche‐syn) – G°(syn‐gauche‐syn) = 0.90(17) kcal mol–1, is reproduced very well by the B3YLP/6‐311++G** method (0.82 kcal mol–1) and reasonably well by B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ (1.17 kcal mol–1) and MP2/6‐31G* (1.23 kcal mol–1) calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Controllable Synthesis of Shuttle‐Shaped Ceria and Its Catalytic Properties for CO Oxidation
Authors: Sun Chunwen , Chen Liquan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractShuttle‐shaped ceria was obtained in a high yield via a surfactant octadecylamine and urea assisted solvothermal process. The crystalline structure and morphology were characterized with powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Preliminary catalytic measurement shows that the shuttle‐shaped CeO2 exhibits an enhanced activity for CO oxidation, which may be attributed to its higher porosity and more oxygen vacancies.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Fatty acid composition of selected roes from some marine species
Authors: Rincón‐Cervera Miguel Ángel , Suárez‐Medina María Dolores , Guil‐Guerrero José Luis 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFifteen roes from different marine fish species available in Spain were analyzed in order to determine their fatty acid (FA) composition, especially the eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3, DHA) contents. Roes from Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda), European squid (Loligo vulgaris), cuttlefish (Sepia spp.), lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), European hake (Merluccius merluccius), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and gonads of male Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) reached EPA + DHA amounts higher than 30% of the total FA, and among them, roes from lumpfish, European hake and salmon provide different FA type ratios that could make them adequate as dietary sources of EPA and DHA.
Biotransformation of glycidol by the unspecific wax ester synthase/acyl‐CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1
Authors: Kim Ok Bin , Luftmann Heinrich , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGlycidol was biologically derivatized by the unspecific wax ester synthase/acyl coenzyme A (acyl‐CoA): diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT) from Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 into glycidyl acyl ester. Catalysis of in vitro conversion of glycidol to glycidyl acyl ester by the WS/DGAT from A. baylyi was verified by (i) a radiometric assay, (ii) thin‐layer chromatography and (iii) also by ESI‐MS. A specific activity of 50 nmol·mg–1·min–1 was obtained when 10 mM glycidol and 5 µM palmitoyl‐CoA were used. In vivo synthesized glycidyl acyl esters in recombinant E. coli were detected and quantified by staining with the epoxide‐specific reagent 4‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)‐pyridine. Of glycidyl acyl esters, 1.5 mg/L was obtained from the culture in the presence of 10 mM glycidol and 10 mM oleate.
Biodiesel preparation in a batch emulsification reactor
Authors: Hájek Martin , Skopal František , Kwiecien Jiří 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe transesterification of vegetable oils (rapeseed oil was used here) by low molecular weight alcohol is the most used method of biodiesel production. Since the reaction proceeds at the alcohol‐oil interface, it is necessary to create a large interphase surface area using a special emulsifying attachment. We studied how the conditions (e.g., independent variables: molar ratio alcohol to oil, amount of catalyst used, KOH, time and temperature of reaction, intensity of stirring, revolution of emulsifying attachment) affected the quality and quantity (dependent variables) of the ester phase, i.e., the biodiesel. The amount of used catalyst was calculated with respect to the content of free fatty acid in the oil. The statistical system of Plackett‐Burman was used for experiment planning. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was determined and described by multidimensional linear regression. Various statistical tests (principal component analysis, correlation matrix) were also performed.
Ethanolamines used for degumming of rapeseed and sunflower oils as diesel fuels
Authors: Zufarov Oybek , Schmidt Štefan , Sekretár Stanislav , Cvengroš Ján 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPure vegetable oils can be used as alternative fuel for standard unmodified diesel engines, provided the oil viscosity has been lowered by heating before they enter the fuel injection system. In its role as diesel fuel, a vegetable oil has to have, among other parameters, a low acidity and low contents of phosphorus and the alkali earth metals Ca + Mg. Such parameters can be achieved by appropriate partial refining of oil by degumming. In this article, three common ethanolamines, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA), were used as degumming agents for removing non‐hydratable phospholipids from crude rapeseed and sunflower oils. Among the studied ethanolamines, MEA is the most effective for the removal of phosphorus. After degumming with MEA (0.5 wt‐%), the phosphorus content in rapeseed oil was reduced from 445 to 3.5 ppm, and from 163 to 2.2 ppm in sunflower oil. After oil treatment with MEA (1.0 wt‐%), the residual content of Ca and Mg decreased from 136 to 4.2 ppm and from 55.4 to 1.1 ppm in rapeseed oil. In sunflower oil, the values of Ca and Mg decreased from 23.9 to 1.5 ppm and from 24.6 to 1.0 ppm. The acid value of the oils also decreased after degumming with ethanolamines. The advantage of this oil treatment process is that it takes place at ambient temperature, resulting in lower production costs and simpler technology.
Conformational Analysis and Optical Rotation of Carene β‐Amino Alcohols: A DFT Study
Authors: Łączkowski Krzysztof Z. , Baranowska Angelika 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFour carene β‐amino alcohols are subject of conformational analysis and optical rotation calculations carried out by using density functional theory with the hybrid B3LYP functional and aug‐cc‐pVDZ basis set. Despite relatively small values of the experimental optical rotations and conformational flexibility of these systems, the correct sign for the specific rotation was predicted for three of studied cases.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The role of the sediment budget in understanding debris flow susceptibility
Authors: Dong Jia‐Jyun , Lee Chyi‐Tyi , Tung Yu‐Hsiang , Liu Chia‐Nan , Lin Kuang‐Ping , Lee Jiin‐Fa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study proposes a sediment‐budget model to predict the temporal variation of debris volume stored in a debris‐flow prone watershed. The sediment‐budget is dominated by shallow landslides and debris outflow. The basin topography and the debris volume stored in the source area of the debris‐flow prone watershed help evaluating its debris‐flow susceptibility. The susceptibility model is applied to the Tungshih area of central western Taiwan. The importance of the debris volume in predicting debris‐flow susceptibility is reflected in the standardized coefficients of the proposed statistical discriminant model. The high prediction rate (0·874) for the occurrence of debris flows justifies the capability of the proposed susceptibility models to predict the occurrence of debris flows. This model is then used to evaluate the temporal evolution of the debris‐flow susceptibility index. The analysis results show that the numbers of watershed which are classified as a debris‐flow group correspond well to storage of sediment at different time periods. These numbers are 10 before the occurrence of Chi‐Chi earthquake, 13 after the occurrence of Chi‐Chi earthquake, 16 after the occurrence of landslides induced by Typhoon Mindulle (Typhoon M), and 14 after the occurrence of debris flows induced by Typhoon M. It indicates that the occurrence of 7·6 Chi‐Chi earthquake had significant impact on the debris flow occurrence during subsequent typhoons. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Ferulago campestris (Besser) Grecescu growing in central Italy
Authors: Maggi Filippo , Tirillini Bruno , Papa Fabrizio , Sagratini Gianni , Vittori Sauro , Cresci Alberto , Coman Maria M. , Cecchini Cinzia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEssential oil from the flowers and leaves of Ferulago campestris (Apiaceae) from two collection sites in central Italy was analysed by GC–FID and GC–MS and 134 constituents were identified and quantified by calculating the response factors of FID. Monoterpene hydrocarbons constituted the main fraction of the flower oils, with α‐pinene, myrcene and γ‐terpinene as the major components. Sesquiterpenes gave the major contribution to the essential oils from the leaves, with the oxygenated components more abundant, α‐humulene, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide being the most representative. The antimicrobial activity (as inhibition zone and MIC) of the essential oils from flowers was evaluated, using a panel of human opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and fungi, by the agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods: the Gram‐positive Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 155–310 μg/ml) and Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 310 μg/ml), and the Gram‐negative Escherichia coli (MIC = 310–625 μg/ml) were found to be the most susceptible strains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A weakly compressible MPS method for modeling of open‐boundary free‐surface flow
Authors: Shakibaeinia Ahmad , Jin Yee‐Chung 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA mesh‐free particle method, based on the moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) interaction model, has been developed for the simulation of two‐dimensional open‐boundary free‐surface flows. The incompressibility model in the original MPS has been replaced with a weakly incompressible model. The effect of this replacement on the efficiency and accuracy of the model has been investigated. The new inflow–outflow boundary conditions along with the particle recycling strategy proposed in this study extend the application of the model to open‐boundary problems. The final model is able to simulate open‐boundary free surface flow in cases of large deformation and fragmentation of free surface. The models and proposed algorithms have been validated and applied to sample problems. The results confirm the model's efficiency and accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SPEEK/Polyimide Blends for Proton Conductive MembranesPresented at the 1st CARISMA Conference, Progress MEA 2008, La Grande Motte, 21st–24th September 2008.
Authors: Maab H. , Schieda M. , Yave W. , Shishatskiy S. , Nunes S. P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA series of membranes, based on sulphonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/polyimide (PI) blends, was prepared at different casting conditions. They were characterised by SEM, FTIR, DMTA, DSC, TGA, water/methanol pervaporation and impedance spectroscopy. The membranes prepared at 130 °C from blends with 10, 20 and 30 wt.‐% of PI are homogeneous, and the methanol permeabilities decreased from 28 × 10–10 kg m s–1 m–2 (plain SPEEK) to 7.21, 2.61 and 0.55 × 10–10 kg m s–1 m–2, respectively. This corresponds to a 4‐ to 57‐fold methanol crossover reduction. With this improvement, by the introduction of PI, the power density of SPEEK‐based membranes in DMFC tests could be greatly improved.
Glacier contribution to the North and South Saskatchewan Rivers
Authors: Comeau Laura E. L. , Pietroniro Al , Demuth Michael N. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe hydrological model WATFLOOD and a separate volume–area scaling relationship are applied to estimate glacier wastage and seasonal Melt contribution to the North and South Saskatchewan Rivers originating in the Canadian Rocky Mountains (1975–1998). Wastage is the ice melt volume that exceeds the volume of snow accumulation into the glacier system in a hydrological year, causing an annual net loss of glacier volume. Melt is the ice melt volume that is equal to, or less than, the volume of snow that accumulates into the glacier system in a hydrological year. By our definition then, glacier Melt is a storage term and does not contribute to increased total annual streamflow. Water is stored as snow on accumulation into the glacier system, and the water equivalent runoff is delayed until ice melts in the late summer months of the otherwise low streamflow. Wastage varied between basins with similar glacierized areas reflecting the individual response of glaciers to climate, contributing over 10% to July‐to‐September streamflow in some headwater basins, but under 3% annually to the regulated flow at Edmonton and Calgary. Melt was positively correlated with basin glacierized area and contributed over 27% to July‐to‐September flow from basins with greater than 1% glacierized area, and over double the wastage volume at Edmonton and Calgary. Future glacier decline is therefore expected to result mainly in an advancement of peak flow towards a non‐glacierized snowmelt regime hydrograph, resulting in significantly reduced late summer flows further reduced by decreasing wastage contributions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada.
An ab initio potential energy surface and vibrational energy levels of ZnH2
Authors: Huang Zheng Guo , Yu Lei , Dai Yu Mei 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA three‐dimensional potential energy surface of the electronic ground state of ZnH2 (${X}^1\sum _g^ +$) molecule is constructed from more than 7500 ab initio points calculated at the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction with the Davidson correction (icMRCI+Q) level employing large basis sets. The calculated relative energies of various dissociation reactions are in good agreement with the previous theoretical/experimental values. Low‐lying vibrational energy levels of ZnH2, ZnD2, and HZnD are calculated on the three‐dimensional potential energy surface using the Lanczos algorithm, and found to be in good agreement with the available experimental band origins and the previous theoretical values. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Diagnostic accuracy of hospitalist‐performed hand‐carried ultrasound echocardiography after a brief training program
Authors: Lucas Brian P. , Candotti Carolina , Margeta Bosko , Evans Arthur T. , Mba Benjamin , Baru Joshua , Asbury Joseph K. , Asmar Abdo , Kumapley Rudolf , Patel Manish , Borkowsky Shane , Fung Sharon , Charles‐Damte Marjorie 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The duration of training needed for hospitalists to accurately perform hand‐carried ultrasound echocardiography (HCUE) is uncertain.OBJECTIVE:To determine the diagnostic accuracy of HCUE performed by hospitalists after a 27‐hour training program.DESIGN:Prospective cohort study.SETTING:Large public teaching hospital.PATIENTS:A total of 322 inpatients referred for standard echocardiography (SE) between March and May 2007.INTERVENTION:Blinded to SE results, attending hospitalist physicians performed HCUE within hours of SE.MEASUREMENTS:Diagnostic characteristics of HCUE as a test for 6 cardiac abnormalities assessed by SE: left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction; severe mitral regurgitation (MR); moderate or severe left atrium (LA) enlargement; moderate or severe LV hypertrophy; medium or large pericardial effusion; and dilatation of the inferior vena cava (IVC).RESULTS:A total of 314 patients underwent both SE and HCUE within a median time of 2.8 hours (25th to 75th percentiles, 1.4 to 5.1 hours). Positive and negative likelihood ratios for HCUE increased and decreased, respectively, the prior odds by 5‐fold or more for LV systolic dysfunction, severe MR regurgitation, and moderate or large pericardial effusion. Likelihood ratios changed the prior odds by 2‐fold or more for moderate or severe LA enlargement, moderate or severe LV hypertrophy, and IVC dilatation. Indeterminate HCUE results occurred in 2% to 6% of assessments.CONCLUSIONS:The diagnostic accuracy of HCUE performed by hospitalists after a brief training program was moderate to excellent for 6 important cardiac abnormalities. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:340–349. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.