bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower trabecular volumetric BMD at metaphyseal regions of weight-bearing bones is associated with prior fracture in young girls
Authors: Farr Joshua N , Tomás Rita , Chen Zhao , Lisse Jeffrey R , Lohman Timothy G , Going Scott B 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Understanding the etiology of skeletal fragility during growth is critical for the development of treatments and prevention strategies aimed at reducing the burden of childhood fractures. Thus we evaluated the relationship between prior fracture and bone parameters in young girls. Data from 465 girls aged 8 to 13 years from the Jump-In: Building Better Bones study were analyzed. Bone parameters were assessed at metaphyseal and diaphyseal sites of the nondominant femur and tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess femur, tibia, lumbar spine, and total body less head bone mineral content. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between prior fracture and bone parameters, controlling for maturity, body mass, leg length, ethnicity, and physical activity. Associations between prior fracture and all DXA and pQCT bone parameters at diaphyseal sites were nonsignificant. In contrast, lower trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) at distal metaphyseal sites of the femur and tibia was significantly associated with prior fracture. After adjustment for covariates, every SD decrease in trabecular vBMD at metaphyseal sites of the distal femur and tibia was associated with 1.4 (1.1–1.9) and 1.3 (1.0–1.7) times higher fracture prevalence, respectively. Prior fracture was not associated with metaphyseal bone size (ie, periosteal circumference). In conclusion, fractures in girls are associated with lower trabecular vBMD, but not bone size, at metaphyseal sites of the femur and tibia. Lower trabecular vBMD at metaphyseal sites of long bones may be an early marker of skeletal fragility in girls. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hydrolysis of milk lactose in a packed bed reactor system using immobilized yeast cells
Authors: Panesar Reeba , Panesar Parmjit S. , Singh Ram S. , Kennedy John F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Hydrolysis of lactose with β‐D‐galactosidase is one of the most promising biotechnological applications in the food industry because of its use in the production of low lactose milk products and whey hydrolysis. To overcome the problem of enzyme extraction from cells due to the intracellular nature of β‐D‐galactosidase and the poor permeability of the cell membrane to lactose, permeabilization of yeast cells was investigated. Permeabilized whole cells have been claimed to have an advantage over more pure enzyme preparations. In view of the advantages of immobilized cell systems over free cell systems, permeabilized cells were immobilized by an entrapment method in calcium alginate gel. A packed bed reactor together with this immobilized cell system has been used for hydrolysis of milk lactose in a continuous system.RESULTS: Different process parameters (temperature, substrate feed rate, biomass load and time‐course) were optimized to maximize lactose hydrolysis. The immobilized yeast cells (300 mg dry wt) resulted in 87.2% hydrolysis of milk lactose at 30 °C and flow rate 7 mL h−1 in a packed bed reactor system.CONCLUSION: This convenient and relatively inexpensive method of immobilization, resulting in high hydrolysis potential in a continuous system, indicates that permeabilized yeast cells have the potential for the production of low lactose milk and milk products. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of hexa(methyl/phenyl) substituted pyrazolines and thermolysis to hexasubstituted cyclopropanes
Authors: Baumstark Alfons L. , Kennedy G. Davon , Vasquez P. C. , Desalegn N. , Truong Phong 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
magnified image Addition of methyllithium to the 3‐position of 4,5‐dihydro‐3,4,4,5,5‐pentasubstituted‐N‐tosyl‐1H‐pyrazoles [1a 4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐3‐phenyl; 1b 4,4,5‐trimethyl‐3,5‐diphenyl; 1c 4,4‐dimethyl‐3,5,5‐triphenyl] produced the corresponding hexasubstituted pyrazolines, 2a, 2b, 2c, as the only isolable products. For 2b, the 3,5‐phenyl groups were found to be exclusively cis, indicative of facial specificity for the addition reaction. The reaction of phenyllithium with 1b yielded 2c as the minor product. For phenyllithium addition, direct attack on sulfur of the tosyl group with subsequent loss of phenyl p‐tolylsulfone was the major pathway vs. the SN2i attack at carbon‐3. Thermolysis of pyrazolines 2a, 2b, 2c, at 200°C, smoothly produced the hexasubstituted cyclopropanes [3a 1,1,2,2,3‐pentamethyl‐3‐phenylcyclopropane; 3b cis‐1,1,2,3‐tetramethyl‐2,3‐diphenylcyclopropane; 3c 1,1,2‐trimethyl‐2,3,3‐triphenylcyclopropane] in excellent yield. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
CE‐based sample quality assessment prior to 2‐D gel electrophoresis: Towards the standardization of gel‐based proteomics
Authors: Techanukul Tanasit , Pereira Fiona , Lipka Alexandria , Suckling Jason , Wood Steven L. , Lewis Phil , Hassard Stuart , Cass Anthony E. G. , Nagy Judit M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract2‐DE remains one of the most commonly used separation techniques for complex protein mixtures. This article describes a new approach to 2‐DE sample assessment using SDS capillary gel electrophoresis (in Beckman Coulter sieving medium) combined with multi‐pixel detection. The performance of this platform was investigated using protein samples prepared for 2‐DE. The capability to characterize 2‐DE sample was tested and the results show that the repeatability of peak migration time and intensity are better than 2% RSD. The system gives good resolution, accurate molecular mass assignment, as well as absolute and relative quantification of proteins. Notably, this study also demonstrates the use of this platform to screen the quality of simple and complex 2‐DE samples. Implementation of this technique in the proteomics workflow will not only improve the success rate of 2‐DE, but will also enable sample verification before 2‐DE and allow the relative quantification of proteins. The validation of differential protein expression is also demonstrated using the combined information of relative molecular mass and relative quantification. It is the first time that a rapid and visual evaluation method is reported for the quality assessment of 2‐DE samples.
Identifying HAM‐A cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Matza Louis S. , Morlock Robert , Sexton Chris , Malley Karen , Feltner Douglas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to identify and evaluate cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe ranges of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM‐A) scores. Data were from a four‐week randomized trial of treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. Measures included the HAM‐A, SF‐36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity (CGI‐S) scale. HAM‐A cutoffs were identified based on literature review, expert panel input, and MANOVA models. The optimal cutoff set was evaluated based on association with clinician CGI‐S ratings. The sample included 144 patients (56.3% female; 73.6% white; mean age = 35.7 years; mean baseline HAM‐A score = 23.7). The optimal HAM‐A score ranges were: mild anxiety = 8–14; moderate = 15–23; severe ≥ 24 (scores ≤ 7 were considered to represent no/minimal anxiety). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) models found statistically significant differences among these groups in the SF‐36 and HADS. The HAM‐A severity ranges closely corresponded to clinicians' CGI‐S ratings. The study represents the first step towards developing severity ranges for the HAM‐A. These cutoffs should be used with caution and validated in larger samples. If the proposed cutoffs are accepted for general use, they could make results more meaningful and interpretable for researchers, clinicians, and patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of participation in team meetings on the stress and coping of lower status nursing employees in long‐term care
Authors: Torsney Kathleen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis pre‐test, post‐test control group pilot study sought to investigate the impact of including certified nursing assistants (CNAs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs) in interdisciplinary team meetings on the variables of stress and coping. The data were analysed through analyses of variance and covariance. The results suggest that the effect of being included in a treatment team meeting on task‐centred coping is greater for the lower status worker (CNA) than for the worker who had more status (LPN). Qualitative data yielded information regarding the advantages and disadvantages of including lower status workers in treatment team meetings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Light‐Activated Theranostic Nanoagent for Targeted Macrophage Ablation in Inflammatory Atherosclerosis
Authors: McCarthy Jason R. , Korngold Ethan , Weissleder Ralph , Jaffer Farouc A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and utility of a multimodal theranostic nanoagent based upon magnetofluorescent nanoparticles for the treatment of inflammatory atherosclerosis is described. These particles are modified with near‐infrared fluorophores and light‐activated therapeutic moieties, which allow for the optical determination of agent localization and phototoxic activation at spectrally distinct wavelengths. The resulting agent is readily taken up by murine macrophages in vitro and is highly phototoxic, with an LD50 of 430 pM. Intravenous administration results in the localization of the nanoagent within macrophage‐rich atherosclerotic lesions that can be imaged by intravital fluorescence microscopy. Irradiation of the atheroma with 650 nm light activates the therapeutic component and results in eradication of inflammatory macrophages, which may induce lesion stabilization. Importantly, these agents display limited skin photosensitivity, are highly efficacious, and provide an integrated imaging and therapeutic nanoplatform for atherosclerosis.
Photocatalytic Activity of Protein‐Conjugated CdS Nanoparticles
Authors: Rajendran Vidyalakshmi , König Anna , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractColloidal CdS nanoparticles are conjugated with a variety of proteins, including enhanced yellow fluorescent protein, tobacco etch virus protease (TEV), lysozyme, and bacterial cytochrome P450 CYP152A1, and the photochemical properties of the resulting conjugates are analyzed by EPR spectroscopy and hydroxyl radical‐specific fluorimetric assay. While irradiation of bare CdS colloids leads to photogeneration of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, it is surprisingly observed that coating of the CdS particles with proteins effectively suppresses the production of these radical species and instead leads to increased formation of a long‐lived reactive oxygen species, most likely H2O2. A mechanism for the observed results is suggested. The empirical results are capitalized on for the assembly of a CdS–TEV nanohybrid, which shows significantly higher performance as a photocatalytic mediator for fatty acid hydroxylation by CYP152A1 than bare CdS nanoparticles.
Poly(Methacrylic Acid) Polymer Hydrogel Capsules: Drug Carriers, Sub‐compartmentalized Microreactors, Artificial Organelles
Authors: Zelikin Alexander N. , Price Andrew D. , Städler Brigitte 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMultilayered polymer capsules attract significant research attention and are proposed as candidate materials for diverse biomedical applications, from targeted drug delivery to microencapsulated catalysis and sensors. Despite tremendous efforts, the studies which extend beyond proof of concept and report on the use of polymer capsules in drug delivery are few, as are the developments in encapsulated catalysis with the use of these carriers. In this Concept article, the recent successes of poly(methacrylic acid) hydrogel capsules as carrier vessels for delivery of therapeutic cargo, creation of microreactors, and assembly of sub‐compartmentalized cell mimics are discussed. The developed technologies are outlined, successful applications of these capsules are highlighted, capsules properties which contribute to their performance in diverse applications are discussed, and further directions and plausible developments in the field are suggested.
Boundary Issues and Multiple Relationships in Genetic Counseling Supervision: Supervisor, Non‐supervisor, and Student Perspectives
Authors: Gu Lidan , McCarthy Veach Patricia , Eubanks Sonja , LeRoy Bonnie S. , Callanan Nancy 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBoundary issues and multiple relationships potentially affect all supervision interactions. Boundary crossings are departures from the strictest professional role and may or may not benefit supervisees. Boundary violations are outside common practice and may place supervisees at significant risk. Multiple relationships occur when supervisors concurrently or consecutively hold two or more roles with supervisees. Studies in other fields indicate supervisors and supervisees may be uncertain about professional conduct regarding these issues. In this study, genetic counselor supervisors (n = 126), non‐supervisors (n = 72), and genetic counseling students (n = 129) completed an anonymous survey investigating four major questions: 1) Are various boundary issues and multiple relationships perceived as differentially appropriate? 2) Do supervisor, non‐supervisor, and student perceptions differ? 3) What challenging situations have respondents experienced? and 4) What management strategies did they use? There was general agreement among groups in their appropriateness ratings of 56 hypothetical supervisor behaviors, although supervisor ratings tended to reflect stricter boundaries regarding the appropriateness of interactions than student ratings. A majority rated unavoidable boundary crossings and supervisor multiple relationships involving an academic relationship as most appropriate, and romantic/sexual multiple relationships and/or boundary violations as least appropriate. Analysis of respondents’ actual challenging situations revealed many involved boundary violations, placed students at risk of harm, and often resulted in student compliance.
Potential of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Assessing the Effect of Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Bowel Disease in an Animal Model
Authors: Varma Sonal , Eskin Michael N. A. , Bird Ranjana , Dolenko Brion , Raju Jayadev , Ijare Omkar B. , Bezabeh Tedros 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPeople with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk for developing colorectal cancer, and this risk increases at a rate of 1% per year after 8–10 years of having the disease. Saturated and ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been implicated in its causation. Conversely, ω‐3 PUFAs may have the potential to confer therapeutic benefit. Since proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) combined with pattern recognition methods could be a valuable adjunct to histology, the objective of this study was to analyze the potential of 1H MRS in assessing the effect of dietary fatty acids on colonic inflammation. Forty male Sprague‐Dawley rats were administered one of the following dietary regimens for 2 weeks: low‐fat corn oil (ω‐6), high‐fat corn oil (ω‐6), high‐fat flaxseed oil (ω‐3) or high‐fat beef tallow (saturated fatty acids). Half of the animals were fed 2% carrageenan to induce colonic inflammation similar to IBD. 1H MRS and histology were performed on ex vivo colonic samples, and the 1H MR spectra were analyzed using a statistical classification strategy (SCS). The histological and/or MRS studies revealed that different dietary fatty acids modulate colonic inflammation differently, with high‐fat corn oil being the most inflammatory and high‐fat flaxseed oil the least inflammatory. 1H MRS is capable of identifying the biochemical changes in the colonic tissue as a result of inflammation, and when combined with SCS, this technique accurately differentiated the inflamed colonic mucosa based on the severity of the inflammation. This indicates that MRS could serve as a valuable adjunct to histology in accurately assessing colonic inflammation. Our data also suggest that both the type and the amount of fatty acids in the diet are critical in modulating IBD.
Tiermodelle mit Zystennieren
Authors: Neudecker S. , Gretz N. , Hoffmann S. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung
Polyzystische Nierenerkrankungen (PKD) sind der häufigste genetische Grund für ein terminales Nierenversagen. Flüssigkeitsgefüllte Zysten bilden sich im Nierenparenchym und beeinträchtigen die Nierenfunktion mit zunehmender Anzahl und Größe, bis diese vollkommen zum Erliegen kommt. Seit mehreren Jahrzehnten werden Tiermodelle mit PKD für die Aufklärung der molekularen Mechanismen der Zystogenese verwendet. War man anfangs auf zufällige, durch Spontanmutationen aufgetretene Zystenmodelle angewiesen, eröffneten transgene und Knock-out-Technologien in den letzen 20 Jahren eine völlig neue Dimension, die molekularen Pathomechanismen der Zystogenese durch gezielte genetische Veränderungen im Erbgut aufzuklären. Nur mit der Hilfe von Tiermodellen konnte die Lokalisation von „Zystenproteinen“ in den Zilien und die Beteiligung zilienabhängiger Signalkaskaden in der Zystogenese gezeigt werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die derzeit vorhandenen murinen Tiermodelle mit PKD.
Extending the actor–partner interdependence model to include cross‐informant data⋆
Authors: van Dulmen Manfred H.M. , Goncy Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper illustrates an extension of the APIM technique within a path analysis framework by using cross‐informant data on the outcome variable. Data for the current study were derived from a sample of young adult heterosexual couples who had been in a romantic relationship for at least four months (N = 115 couples). The findings from the current study indicate that romantic relationship satisfaction is associated with externalizing behavior problems among both females and males, but that both dyadic data and cross‐informant reports are needed to understand this association. Not considering dyadic or cross‐informant data may lead to different, and potentially misleading, claims. The findings from the current study provide clear evidence that incorporating cross‐informant data in dyadic data analyses provides important new insights into understanding the association between romantic relationship functioning and individual outcomes.
Coblation lesion formation in a porcine tongue model
Authors: Salinas Nathan L. , Barrera Jose E. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate, in a porcine tongue model, the lesions created by coblation to define the optimal application of this method in treating the enlarged tongue base in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.STUDY DESIGNA prospective, experimental animal study.SETTINGMilitary medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFifteen fresh porcine tongue specimens were injected with normal saline, and a single coblation probe was applied to the tongue specimens to create multiple submucosal lesions at specific energy settings. Control lesions were created without the use of saline injections. After creating the lesions, the porcine tongue specimens were sectioned and examined grossly. Size and character of lesions were recorded for each of the specimens and were compared across energy settings.RESULTSThe energy applied at each setting was calculated on the basis of watts multiplied by treatment time. Coblation with saline injection created visible lesions with an average lesion area of 1.20 to 2.87 cm2. The average lesion area increased as setting increased. Without saline injection, the average lesion area was 0.15 to 0.8 cm2.CONCLUSIONThe porcine tongue model describes the relationship between lesion size and cold ablation device settings. Setting, but not time, significantly affects lesion size. The coblation setting and treatment time directly impact the amount of energy delivered. Additionally, submucosal normal saline injection significantly increases lesion size at all settings and application times. Given the average lesion diameter described in this study, placing lesions 1 cm apart will optimize the area affected by coblation while minimizing lesion overlap.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Immunoglobulin E‐mediated food allergies among adults with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Yilmaz Asli Sahin , Nocon Cheryl C. , Corey Jacquelynne P. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo compare the prevalence of food allergy for peanut, shrimp, and milk in adults with allergic rhinitis and to determine predictive values of these allergens and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) to detect food allergies.STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGUniversity of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed in vitro enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays of adults with rhinitis. Subjects were tested for nine inhalants and three foods (peanut, shrimp, milk) and total IgE. Subjects with food allergy history were tested with additional foods. The sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the allergens and total IgE to detect food allergies were calculated.RESULTSA total of 283 subjects received in vitro tests. Fortyone percent tested negative and 59 percent tested positive for inhalants. The prevalence of subjects with a positive peanut or shrimp allergy in the inhalant‐positive population was significantly greater than subjects with milk allergy (23.4% peanut [P = 0.008], 22.2% shrimp [P = 0.001], and 13.2% milk [P = 0.008], P = 0.001). For subjects with food allergy history, peanut had the best SP (100.0%), SE (28.1%), PPV (100.0%), and NPV (64.6%) in detecting allergies to other foods. In patients positive for the initial panel (inhalants and peanut), the SP, SE, PPV, and NPV of elevated total IgE was 71.4, 72.4, 77.8, and 65.2 percent, respectively.CONCLUSIONPeanut and shrimp were the most common foods encountered in adults with allergic rhinitis. Peanut was best in predicting other food allergies. Total IgE levels with inhalants plus peanut provided the optimal combination of SE, SP, PPV, and NPV. In vitro testing may be important to identify and prevent anaphylaxis to foods in adults.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.