bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Hybrid Perovskites: From Static and Dynamic Structures to Potential Applications
Authors: Duan Jianing , Li Jingrui , Divitini Giorgio , Cortecchia Daniele , Yuan Fang , You Jiaxue , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Petrozza Annamaria , Wu Zhaoxin , Xi Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D perovskites have received great attention recently due to their structural tunability and environmental stability, making them highly promising candidates for various applications by breaking property bottlenecks that affect established materials. However, in 2D perovskites, the complicated interplay between organic spacers and inorganic slabs makes structural analysis challenging to interpret. A deeper understanding of the structure–property relationship in these systems is urgently needed to enable high‐performance tunable optoelectronic devices. Herein, this study examines how structural changes, from constant lattice distortion and variable structural evolution, modeled with both static and dynamic structural descriptors, affect macroscopic properties and ultimately device performance. The effect of chemical composition, crystallographic inhomogeneity, and mechanical‐stress‐induced static structural changes and corresponding electronic band variations is reported. In addition, the structure dynamics are described from the viewpoint of anharmonic vibrations, which impact electron–phonon coupling and the carriers’ dynamic processes. Correlated carrier–matter interactions, known as polarons and acting on fine electronic structures, are then discussed. Finally, reliable guidelines to facilitate design to exploit structural features and rationally achieve breakthroughs in 2D perovskite applications are proposed. This review provides a global structural landscape of 2D perovskites, expected to promote the prosperity of these materials in emerging device applications.
From Sunrise to Sunset: Unraveling Metastability in Perovskite Solar Cells by Coupled Outdoor Testing and Energy Yield Modelling
Authors: Remec Marko , Tomšič Špela , Khenkin Mark , Emery Quiterie , Li Jinzhao , Scheler Florian , Glažar Boštjan , Jankovec Marko , Jošt Marko , Unger Eva , Albrecht Steve , Schlatmann Rutger , Lipovšek Benjamin , Ulbrich Carolin , Topič Marko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerovskite‐based solar cells exhibit peculiar outdoor performance which is not yet fully understood. The results of outdoor tests may contain hidden, but valuable information that cannot be fully extracted from measurements alone. One such phenomenon is the effect of nighttime degradation and the subsequent light‐soaking recovery, which can take from a few hours in the morning up to the entire day. In this work, long‐term outdoor monitoring is combined with energy yield modeling to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the effect of light‐soaking recovery in both single junction and tandem perovskite‐based devices. Following the novel methodology presented in this study, it is observed that the light‐soaking effect depends not only on the daily irradiation but also on the device temperature, and it can be described using a simple empirical formalism. Incorporating this dependency into the energy yield model results in an excellent agreement between the simulated and the measured outdoor data, which allows to perform long‐term prediction studies. The model estimates that the light‐soaking metastability effect decreases the attainable annual energy yield by up to ≈5% for the studied single junction devices, and for tandems by up to ≈3%, depending on the geographical location, and even more for non‐optimal device orientation.
Assessing the long‐term effects of conservation agriculture on cotton production in Northeast Louisiana using the denitrification–decomposition model
Authors: Ferdush Janntul , Jeong Changyoon , Jeon Hwangju , Wang Jim , Ro Kyoung , Zhang Xi , Lee Meesook 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConservation agriculture (CA) aims to sustain agricultural production, soil, and environmental health in agroecosystems and has been promoted throughout the United States. The adoption of CA in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) systems provides both agronomic and environmental benefits. Yet, there is limited information on the long‐term effects of CA practices on crop yield and adaptation strategies. An integrated CA system, that is, cover crops with no‐tillage (NT) instead of conventional agriculture, was implemented in the long‐term field experiments and assessed with an integrated biogeochemical model. Using the denitrification–decomposition model, this study estimated the effects of four different cover crops, for example, native grass (NG), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), on cotton yield under four different nitrogen (N) levels (e.g., 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha) and estimated responses on carbon (C) sequestration, and ecosystem functionality over a 10‐year study. The NT‐NG 50 N was used as a calibration dataset to accurately estimate the cotton lint yield with a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 21% and model efficiency of 0.3. The calibration data validated the effects of hairy vetch, winter wheat, and crimson clover under the NT‐50 N with NRMSE of 24%, 21%, and 25%, respectively. According to the scenario analysis, the 50 kg N/ha application with a single‐irrigation event (10‐cm depth) was most beneficial for maximizing the cotton yield with cover crop incorporation at the NT system over the long term. The effects of increasing cover crop biomass (i.e., double seed rate) on C content, regardless of N application rates, varied based on the relationship between the main and cover crop species. Besides, the furrow plow tillage system provided efficient C sequestration. The proposed approach stands to provide agricultural and environmental sustainability with the implementation of cover crop or crop residue incorporation instead of increased N application, seed rates, and irrigation events under NT practices.
Ethical challenges in the bioanthropological and biomedical investigation of Sicilian mummies—Past experience and future pathways
Authors: Piombino‐Mascali Dario , Squires Kirsty , Zink Albert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article presents a multidisciplinary approach adopted in the Sicily mummy project, highlighting unique challenges and major ethical concerns inherent to the scientific study, conservation, and presentation of these mummies. Recognizing mummies as a distinct category of human remains, this paper argues for the development and application of specialized guidelines that address the intricate balance between scientific inquiry and respect for the cultural, religious, and mortuary practices that characterize the cultural context, in this case of Sicily. Through a transparent and collaborative dialogue among all stakeholders—including curators, clergy, scientists, and government officials—the project ensures the preservation of the mummies' dignity within their sacred spaces. The critical role of biological anthropologists is emphasized, alongside the contributions of clinical radiologists, pathologists, and qualified restorers, in constructing a comprehensive understanding of the mummies' biocultural significance. The paper advocates for a bioarchaeological strategy that advances scientific knowledge while safeguarding the mummies and respecting living communities. Additionally, we call for ethical rigor in scholarly publications and suggest future actions to protect this invaluable heritage. This approach not only preserves the dignity and integrity of the mummified remains but also enriches our understanding of past human societies.
Varieties of digitalisation? A comparison of employment services digitalisation in the UK and Australia
Authors: Ingold Jo , Forde Chris , Robertshaw David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article examines the digitalisation of employment services in the UK and Australia, countries that have been on similar policy trajectories with respect to the development of quasi‐markets and increased digitalisation. The article deploys comparative mixed methods comprising surveys of employment service providers and interviews with providers and technology developers in both countries to analyse the extent of, forms and challenges around digitalisation across both countries. The survey data analysis suggested considerable similarities in the UK and Australia regarding the drivers of digitalisation and the tasks which were digitalised. However, the interview data highlighted some differences between the two countries, including the persistence of face‐to‐face delivery in the UK compared with accelerated digitalisation in Australia. In both countries, there were clear differing motivations between stakeholder communities (policymakers and developers), which providers had to negotiate.
Optimising flow without congestion using the venous‐arterial Doppler enhanced resuscitation framework
Authors: Kenny Jon‐Emile S , Rola Philippe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionUltrasonography as a guide for intravenous (IV) fluid therapy is increasingly accepted within the spheres of acute care. Initial investigations and protocols often focused on measures of arterial flow as an objective approach for personalising organ ‘perfusion.’ More recently, and with literature associating excessive IV fluid with adverse outcomes, venous ultrasound as a measure of organ ‘congestion’ is taking hold. Yet, arterial (i.e., ‘perfusion’) and venous (i.e., ‘congestion’) Doppler ultrasound measures are often performed separately and can be time‐consuming, especially for novices.MethodsWe report a case, wherein venous and arterial Doppler were simultaneously measured using a wireless, wearable ultrasound as a means to optimise flow without congestion.ResultsBefore IV volume expansion, the patient had Doppler measures consistent with low central venous pressure (CVP) and stroke volume (SV). Following IV volume expansion, venous Doppler remained the same; however, carotid corrected flow time (ccFT) increased significantly.ConclusionA framework for venous‐arterial Doppler enhanced resuscitation (VADER) can be used to guide IV volume in patients at risk for venous congestion.
The ophthalmologic crescent blade in endonasal surgery
Authors: Sbeih Firas , Ayoub Noel F. , Gass Valerie , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: May 2024

Key points
The angled tip and small size of the crescent blade provide versatility for its use in a variety of endonasal procedures.
The crescent blade enables cutting along 180° from the tip, ensuring a tangential cut through the mucosa, which is important for flap viability.
The disposable nature of the blade ensures that it is always sharp, allowing for its use in mucosal and cartilaginous cuts.
Topical platelet‐rich plasma as a possible treatment for olfactory dysfunction—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Duffy Alexander , Naimi Bita , Garvey Emily , Hunter Stephanie , Kumar Ayan , Kahn Chase , Farquhar Douglas , D'Souza Glen , Rawson Nancy , Dalton Pamela , Toskala Elina , Rabinowitz Mindy , Rosen Marc , Nyquist Gurston , Rosen David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory dysfunction (OD) affects many survivors of COVID‐19. Prior studies have investigated the use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injections for OD. We describe the first randomized controlled trial investigating topical PRP for OD treatment and contribute to existing literature illustrating PRP as an emerging therapeutic.MethodsThis is a single‐blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted from July 2022 to December 2023. Adult patients with OD ≥6 months secondary to COVID‐19 with Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) scores of ≤8/12 or SCENTinel odor intensity of ≤40/100 were included. Patients were randomized to three, monthly PRP or placebo‐impregnated Surgifoam treatments into bilateral olfactory clefts. The BSIT, SCENTinel, and Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders—Negative Statements (QOD‐NS) were completed monthly through month 12.ResultsOf 104 patients screened, 83 participated. No significant differences in age, OD duration, BSIT, SCENTinel, or QOD‐NS scores were found between PRP (n = 42) and placebo (n = 41) patients at baseline. PRP patients experienced a statistically significant increase in BSIT scores from baseline at months 5‒9, 11, and 12, while placebo patients did not (p < 0.05). However, total BSIT scores were similar between the two groups throughout the study. Neither the SCENTinel odor intensity scores nor the change from baseline were significantly different between the treatment groups. At month 12, PRP patients experienced minor improvement in OD‐related quality‐of‐life compared with placebo.ConclusionsThis study is the first to describe topical PRP as a safe, experimental treatment for OD in humans. PRP may impact odor identification in post‐COVID‐19 OD patients, although the lack of difference in total BSIT scores highlights the need for further study.
Identification of novel genes associated with atherosclerosis in Bama miniature pig
Authors: Ding Dengfeng , Zhao Yuqiong , Jia Yunxiao , Niu Miaomiao , Li Xuezhuang , Zheng Xinou , Chen Hua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAtherosclerosis is a chronic cardiovascular disease of great concern. However, it is difficult to establish a direct connection between conventional small animal models and clinical practice. The pig's genome, physiology, and anatomy reflect human biology better than other laboratory animals, which is crucial for studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.MethodsWe used whole‐genome sequencing data from nine Bama minipigs to perform a genome‐wide linkage analysis, and further used bioinformatic tools to filter and identify underlying candidate genes. Candidate gene function prediction was performed using the online prediction tool STRING 12.0. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of proteins encoded by candidate genes.ResultsWe mapped differential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to genes and obtained a total of 102 differential genes, then we used GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis to identify four candidate genes, including SLA‐1, SLA‐2, SLA‐3, and TAP2. nsSNPs cause changes in the primary and tertiary structures of SLA‐I and TAP2 proteins, the primary structures of these two proteins have undergone amino acid changes, and the tertiary structures also show slight changes. In addition, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that the expression changes of TAP2 protein in coronary arteries showed a trend of increasing from the middle layer to the inner layer.ConclusionsWe have identified SLA‐I and TAP2 as potential susceptibility genes of atherosclerosis, highlighting the importance of antigen processing and immune response in atherogenesis.
Identification of mitophagy‐related biomarkers in osteoarthritis
Authors: Ruan Shiqiang , Tang Dongxu , Luo Yanfei , Song Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease, and existing drugs cannot cure OA, so there is an urgent need to identify new targets. Mitophagy plays an important role in OA; however, the role of mitophagy in the OA immune system is not yet clear.MethodsIn this study, differential analysis and enrichment analysis were used to identify mitophagy‐related genes (MRGs) with differential expression in OA and the functional pathways involved in OA. Subsequently, two machine learning methods, RF and LASSO, were used to screen MRGs with diagnostic value and construct nomograms. At the same time, the relationship between mitophagy and OA immune response was explored by immunoinfiltration analysis.ResultsForty‐three differentially MRGs were identified in OA, of which six MRGs (GABARAPL2, PARL, GABARAPL1, JUN, RRAS, and SNX7) were associated with the diagnosis of OA. The ROC analysis results show that these 6 MRGs have high predictive accuracy in the diagnosis of OA. In immune infiltration analysis, we found that the abundance of significantly different immune cells in OA was mostly upregulated. In addition, the expression of diagnostic‐related MRGs is correlated with changes in the abundance of immune cells in OA.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that six MRGs can be used as diagnostic biomarkers. The expression of diagnostic‐related MRGs is correlated with changes in the abundance of immune cells in OA. At the same time, mitophagy may affect the immune microenvironment of OA by regulating immune cells, ultimately leading to the progression of OA.
Disentangling Bradykinesia and Rigidity in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from Short‐ and Long‐Term Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Zampogna Alessandro , Suppa Antonio , Bove Francesco , Cavallieri Francesco , Castrioto Anna , Meoni Sara , Pelissier Pierre , Schmitt Emmanuelle , Chabardes Stephan , Fraix Valerie , Moro Elena 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveBradykinesia and rigidity are considered closely related motor signs in Parkinson disease (PD), but recent neurophysiological findings suggest distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. This study aims to examine and compare longitudinal changes in bradykinesia and rigidity in PD patients treated with bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, the clinical progression of appendicular and axial bradykinesia and rigidity was assessed up to 15 years after STN‐DBS in the best treatment conditions (ON medication and ON stimulation). The severity of bradykinesia and rigidity was examined using ad hoc composite scores from specific subitems of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor part (UPDRS‐III). Short‐ and long‐term predictors of bradykinesia and rigidity were analyzed through linear regression analysis, considering various preoperative demographic and clinical data, including disease duration and severity, phenotype, motor and cognitive scores (eg, frontal score), and medication.ResultsA total of 301 patients were examined before and 1 year after surgery. Among them, 101 and 56 individuals were also evaluated at 10‐year and 15‐year follow‐ups, respectively. Bradykinesia significantly worsened after surgery, especially in appendicular segments (p < 0.001). Conversely, rigidity showed sustained benefit, with unchanged clinical scores compared to preoperative assessment (p > 0.05). Preoperative motor disability (eg, composite scores from the UPDRS‐III) predicted short‐ and long‐term outcomes for both bradykinesia and rigidity (p < 0.01). Executive dysfunction was specifically linked to bradykinesia but not to rigidity (p < 0.05).InterpretationBradykinesia and rigidity show long‐term divergent progression in PD following STN‐DBS and are associated with independent clinical factors, supporting the hypothesis of partially distinct pathophysiology. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:234–246
A BRD4‐Targeting Photothermal Agent for Controlled Protein Degradation
Authors: Shi Mingwan , Li Yuanyuan , Pan Wei , Fu Zhongliang , Wang Kaiye , Liu Xiaohan , Li Na , Tang Bo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBRD4 protein plays a pivotal role in cell cycle regulation and differentiation. Disrupting the activity of BRD4 has emerged as a promising strategy for inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Herein, we introduced a BRD4‐targeting photothermal agent for controlled protein degradation, aiming to enhance low‐temperature photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer treatment. By incorporating a BRD4 protein inhibitor into a cyanine dye scaffold, the photothermal agent specifically bond to the bromodomain of BRD4. Upon low power density laser irradiation, the agent induced protein degradation, directly destroying the BRD4 structure and inhibiting its transcriptional regulatory function. This strategy not only prolonged the retention time of the photothermal agent in cancer cells but also confined the targeted protein degradation process solely to the tumor tissue, minimizing side effects on normal tissues through the aid of exogenous signals. This work established a simple and feasible platform for future PTT agent design in clinical cancer treatment.
Surface‐Grafted Single‐Atomic Pt−Nx Complex with a Precisely Regulating Coordination Sphere for Efficient Electron Acceptor‐Inducing Interfacial Electron Transfer
Authors: Zhang Xinghao , Li Zhigang , Li Hanxi , Yang Di , Ren Zenghuan , Zhang Yinqiang , Zhang Jijie , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBased on the electron‐withdrawing effect of the Pt(bpy)Cl2 molecule, a simple post‐modification amide reaction was firstly used to graft it onto the surface of NH2‐MIL‐125, which performed as a highly efficient electron acceptor that induced the conversion of the photoinduced charge migration pathway from internal BDC→TiOx migration to external BDC→PtNx migration, significantly improving the efficiency of photoinduced electron transfer and separation. Furthermore, precisely regulating over the first coordination sphere of Pt single atoms was achieved using further post‐modification with additional bipyridine to investigate the effect of Pt−Nx coordination numbers on reaction activity. The as‐synthesized NML‐PtN2 exhibited superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of 7.608 mmol g−1 h−1, a remarkable improvement of 225 and 2.26 times compared to pristine NH2‐MIL‐125 and NML‐PtN4, respectively. In addition, the superior apparent quantum yield of 4.01 % (390 nm) and turnover frequency of 190.3 h−1 (0.78 wt % Pt SA; 129 times compared to Pt nanoparticles/NML) revealed the high solar utilization efficiency and hydrogen evolution activity of the material. And macroscopic color changes caused by the transition of carrier migration paths was first observed. It holds profound significance for the design of MOF‐Molecule catalysts with efficient charge carrier separation and precise regulation of single‐atom coordination sphere.
Desymmetrization of Cyclic Sulfonimidamides by Asymmetric Allylation
Authors: Gutierrez David A. , Toth‐Williams Garrett , Laconsay Croix J. , Yasuda Michael , Fettinger James C. , Di Maso Michael J. , Shaw Jared T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerein we report the first transition metal‐catalyzed approach to the enantioenriched synthesis of cyclic sulfonimidamides relying on commercially available palladium catalysts and ligands. High‐throughput experimentation (HTE) was employed to identify the optimal catalyst system and solvent. The method is applied to a variety of saturated and unsaturated rings and exhibits the highest selectivity for 2‐substituted allyl electrophiles. The products are further elaborated to complex, tricyclic scaffolds. DFT experiments presented herein highlight the key ligand substrate interactions leading to the high levels of enantioselectivity.