bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for regulation of poly‐SUMO chain by a SUMO‐like domain of Nip45
Authors: Sekiyama Naotaka , Arita Kyohei , Ikeda Yoshihiro , Hashiguchi Kohtaro , Ariyoshi Mariko , Tochio Hidehito , Saitoh Hisato , Shirakawa Masahiro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPost‐translational modification by small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) provides an important regulatory mechanism in diverse cellular processes. Modification of SUMO has been shown to target proteins involved in systems ranging from DNA repair pathways to the ubiquitin‐proteasome degradation system by the action of SUMO‐targeted ubiquitin ligases (STUbLs). STUbLs recognize target proteins modified with a poly‐SUMO chain through their SUMO‐interacting motifs (SIMs). STUbLs are also associated with RENi family proteins, which commonly have two SUMO‐like domains (SLD1 and SLD2) at their C terminus. We have determined the crystal structures of SLD2 of mouse RENi protein, Nip45, in a free form and in complex with a mouse E2 sumoylation enzyme, Ubc9. While Nip45 SLD2 shares a β‐grasp fold with SUMO, the SIM interaction surface conserved in SUMO paralogues does not exist in SLD2. Biochemical data indicates that neither tandem SLDs or SLD2 of Nip45 bind to either tandem SIMs from either mouse STUbL, RNF4 or to those from SUMO‐binding proteins, whose interactions with SUMO have been well characterized. On the other hand, Nip45 SLD2 binds to Ubc9 in an almost identical manner to that of SUMO and thereby inhibits elongation of poly‐SUMO chains. This finding highlights a possible role of the RENi proteins in the modulation of Ubc9‐mediated poly‐SUMO formation. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrospray ionization collision‐induced dissociation mass spectrometry: a tool to characterize synthetic polyaminocarboxylate ferric chelates used as fertilizers
Authors: Orera Irene , Orduna Jesús , Abadía Javier , Álvarez‐Fernández Ana 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFertilizers based on synthetic polyaminocarboxylate ferric chelates have been known since the 1950s to be successful in supplying Fe to plants. In commercial Fe(III)‐chelate fertilizers, a significant part of the water‐soluble Fe‐fraction consists of still uncharacterized Fe byproducts, whose agronomical value is unknown. Although collision‐induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is a valuable tool for the identification of such compounds, no fragmentation data have been reported for most Fe(III)‐chelate fertilizers. The aim of this study was to characterize the CID‐MS2 fragmentation patterns of the major synthetic Fe(III)‐chelates used as Fe‐fertilizers, and subsequently use this technique for the characterization of commercial fertilizers. Quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight (QTOF) and spherical ion trap mass analyzers equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source were used. ESI‐CID‐MS2 spectra obtained were richer when using the QTOF device. Specific differences were found among Fe(III)‐chelate fragmentation patterns, even in the case of positional isomers. The analysis of a commercial Fe(III)‐chelate fertilizer by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ESI‐MS(QTOF) revealed two previously unknown, Fe‐containing compounds, that were successfully identified by a comprehensive comparison of the ESI‐CID‐MS2(QTOF) spectra with those of pure chelates. This shows that HPLC/ESI‐CID‐MS2(QTOF), along with the Fe(III)‐chelate fragmentation patterns, could be a highly valuable tool to directly characterize the water‐soluble Fe fraction in Fe(III)‐chelate fertilizers. This could be of great importance in issues related to crop Fe‐fertilization, both from an agricultural and an environmental point of view. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐phase intramolecular anion rearrangements of some trimethylsilyl‐containing systems revisited. A theoretical approach
Authors: Wang Tianfang , Bowie John H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAb initio calculations at the CCSD(T)/6‐311++G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory have been carried out for three prototypical rearrangement processes of organosilicon anion systems. The first two are reactions of enolate ions which involve oxygen–silicon bond formation via three‐ and four‐membered states, respectively. The overall reactions are:

The ΔG (reaction) values for the two processes are +175 and +51 kJ mol−1, with maximum barriers (to the highest transition state) of +55 and +159 kJ mol−1, respectively. The third studied process is the following: (CH3O)C(CH2)Si(CH3)2CH → (CH3)2(C2H5)Si− + CH2CO, a process involving an SNi reaction between ‐CH and CH3O‐ followed by silicon–carbon bond cleavage. The reaction is favourable [ΔG(reaction) = −39 kJ mol−1] with the barrier for the SNi process being 175 kJ mol−1. The previous experimental and the current theoretical data are complementary and in agreement. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on ‘Designs for dose–escalation trials with quantitative responses’
Authors: O'Quigley John 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBailey (Statist. Medi 2009; this issue) puts the focus on efficiency in dose‐finding studies and shows that some quite simple modifications to much current experimentation can lead to significant efficiency gains. Efficiency has not been the main focus of interest in this field, in particular when dealing with situations requiring other than healthy volunteers. Dr Bailey's results are important, both in theory and in practice and also raise the question as to what ought to be the guiding principle to statistical workers in this field. Safety, although escaping any simple definition, has mostly guided experimentation in dose‐finding studies; one reason being that the concept is one on which clinicians and statisticians can come to some broad agreement. Finding such agreement may still be the single major difficulty in these studies, alongside the establishment of criteria that all of the scientists involved believe are the most appropriate and useful ones. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Current Understanding and Clinical Status
Authors: Salem Husein K. , Thiemermann Chris 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a rare heterogeneous subset of pluripotent stromal cells that can be isolated from many different adult tissues that exhibit the potential to give rise to cells of diverse lineages. Numerous studies have reported beneficial effects of MSCs in tissue repair and regeneration. After culture expansion and in vivo administration, MSCs home to and engraft to injured tissues and modulate the inflammatory response through synergistic downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of both prosurvival and antiinflammatory factors. In addition, MSCs possess remarkable immunosuppressive properties, suppressing T-cell, NK cell functions, and also modulating dentritic cell activities. Tremendous progress has been made in preclinical studies using MSCs, including the ability to use allogeneic cells, which has driven the application of MSCs toward the clinical setting. This review highlights our current understanding into the biology of MSCs with particular emphasis on the cardiovascular and renal applications, and provides a brief update on the clinical status of MSC-based therapy.
A method for analyzing the coherence of high school biology textbooks
Authors: Roseman Jo Ellen , Stern Luli , Koppal Mary 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBecause textbooks have the potential to be powerful catalysts for improving science teaching and learning, having reliable methods for analyzing important textbook features, such as their coherence, is essential. This study reports on the development of a method in which trained reviewers, following a set of guidelines defining the ideas to be learned and connections among those ideas drawn from relevant maps published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science in the Atlas of Science Literacy (2001), were able to analyze the degree to which four widely used high school biology textbooks provided students and teachers with a coherent account of the important topic of matter and energy transformations in living systems. The study method was found to produce consistent results across reviewers and textbooks and can serve those who evaluate, design, and use science curriculum materials. This work represents an important first step in meeting the need for methods to measure, characterize, and, ultimately, to improve textbook coherence. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 47–70, 2010
Urban 5th graders conceptions during a place‐based inquiry unit on watersheds
Authors: Endreny Anna Henderson 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study aimed to determine how 33 urban 5th grade students' science conceptions changed during a place‐based inquiry unit on watersheds. Research on watershed and place‐based education was used as a framework to guide the teaching of the unit as well as the research study. A teacher‐researcher designed the curriculum, taught the unit and conducted the research using qualitative data sources such as concept maps, science notebooks and interviews. Most students came to understand that their watershed was part of an urban environment where water drains from the surrounding land into a body of water. Thus, they began to understand how urban land use affects water quality. This study provides evidence for the use of place‐based learning in developing students' knowledge of the National Science Education Standards (NRC, 1996) and watersheds. Implications of this study include the use of place‐based learning in urban settings and the experiences needed for students to conceptualize watersheds. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 501–517, 2010
Is science me? High school students' identities, participation and aspirations in science, engineering, and medicine
Authors: Aschbacher Pamela R. , Li Erika , Roth Ellen J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study follows an ethnically and economically diverse sample of 33 high school students to explore why some who were once very interested in science, engineering, or medicine (SEM) majors or careers decided to leave the pipeline in high school while others persisted. Through longitudinal interviews and surveys, students shared narratives about their developing science identities, SEM participation and aspirations. In analysis, three groups emerged (High Achieving Persisters, Low Achieving Persisters, and Lost Potentials), each experiencing different interactions and experiences within science communities of practice in and outside of school and within the extended family. These different microclimates framed students' perceptions of their SEM study, abilities, career options, and expected success, thereby shaping their science identities and consequent SEM trajectories. School science was often hard and discouraging; there were very few science advocates at school or home; and meaningful opportunities to work with real science professionals were scarce, even in schools with science or health academies. Students expressed positive attitudes toward science and non‐science pursuits where they experienced success and received support from important people in their lives. Results underscore the key role communities of practice play in career and identity development and suggest a need for interventions to help socializers better understand the value and purpose of science literacy themselves so as to encourage students to appreciate science, be aware of possible career options in science and enjoy learning and doing science. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 564–582, 2010
Switching cost minimization in the IEEE 802.16e mobile WiMAX sleep mode operation
Authors: Wong Gary K. W. , Zhang Qian , Tsang Danny H. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo prolong the battery lifetime, it is important to continue designing a better energy efficient mechanism for different mobile technologies. Most of the existing works on the IEEE 802.16e sleep mode operation focus on the decision making before a mobile station switching to sleep mode state. The correlation of the decision is mainly on when and how to sleep based on the traffic demands. After the mobile station is switched to sleep mode, the deactivation of it mainly depends on new incoming traffic regardless of the actual amount. Truly, frequent switching can increase the energy cost on the mobile station, which can significantly reduce the battery lifetime. To minimize the switching frequency, we propose a novel approach to resolve this issue by making a heuristic decision during the listening interval. With this aim, we propose a real‐time heuristic algorithm, WAKSLP_DECISION, to accommodate our target. Three main decision criteria are analyzed and designed, namely the probability of buffer overflow, expected delay violation, and battery lifetime expiry, to achieve our goal. We verify the energy consumption performance with simulation experiments to validate our proposed scheme. The result shows that our scheme performs 25–30% better compared with the original standard in terms of energy consumption. We believe this algorithm is practical and implementable without changing the original standard, which can contribute both in the research community and industrial development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid adaptation: a new dimension for evolutionary perspectives in ecology
Authors: Shimada Masakazu , Ishii Yumiko , Shibao Harunobu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlthough the study of adaptation is central to biology, two types of adaptation are recognized in the biological field: physiological adaptation (accommodation or acclimation; an individual organism's phenotype is adjusted to its environment) and evolutionary–biological adaptation (adaptation is shaped by natural selection acting on genetic variation). The history of the former concept dates to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and has more recently been systemized in the twenty‐first century. Approaches to the understanding of phenotypic plasticity and learning behavior have only recently been developed, based on cellular–histological and behavioral–neurobiological techniques as well as traditional molecular biology. New developments of the former concepts in phenotypic plasticity are discussed in bacterial persistence, wing di‐/polymorphism with transgenerational effects, polyphenism in social insects, and defense traits for predator avoidance, including molecular biology analyses. We also discuss new studies on the concept of genetic accommodation resulting in evolution of phenotypic plasticity through a transgenerational change in the reaction norm based on a threshold model. Learning behavior can also be understood as physiological phenotypic plasticity, associating with the brain–nervous system, and it drives the accelerated evolutionary change in behavioral response (the Baldwin effect) with memory stock. Furthermore, choice behaviors are widely seen in decision‐making of animal foragers. Incorporating flexible phenotypic plasticity and learning behavior into modeling can drastically change dynamical behavior of the system. Unification of biological sciences will be facilitated and integrated, such as behavioral ecology and behavioral neurobiology in the area of learning, and evolutionary ecology and molecular developmental biology in the theme of phenotypic plasticity.
Ergodicity of Hamilton–Jacobi equations with a noncoercive nonconvex Hamiltonian in \( R^{2}/Z^{2} \)
Authors: Cardaliaguet Pierre 
Published: December 2009

The paper investigates the long time average of the solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi equations with a noncoercive, nonconvex Hamiltonian in the torus

\mathbb{R}^{2}/ \mathbb{Z}^{2}

. We give nonresonance conditions under which the long-time average converges to a constant. In the resonant case, we show that the limit still exists, although it is nonconstant in general. We compute the limit at points where it is not locally constant.

Résumé

Nous considérons le comportement en temps grand de la moyenne temporelle de solutions d'équations de Hamilton–Jacobi pour un hamiltonien non convexe et non coercif dans le tore

\mathbb{R}^{2}/ \mathbb{Z}^{2}

. Nous mettons en évidence des conditions de non-résonnance sous lesquelles cette moyenne converge vers une constante. Dans le cas où il y a résonnance, nous montrons que la limite existe, bien qu'étant non constante en général. Nous calculons la limite aux points où celle-ci est non localement constante.
The perception of difficulty in project‐work planning and its impact on resource sharing
Authors: Bendoly Elliot , Perry‐Smith Jill E. , Bachrach Daniel G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractManagers both competent and willing to share resources can be critical to the performance of the multi‐project settings increasingly common to modern organizations. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from the psychological ownership literature, we examine the impact of project manager (PM) task self‐efficacy and perceptions of project work‐planning difficulty on resource sharing behaviors. In this study we use a laboratory experiment involving practicing PMs to elicit work assignments for their subordinate team‐members across a series of predefined projects. We control for the difficulty of these assignment tasks and follow‐up by inquiring into the willingness of the PMs to share human resources that they’ve assigned to work in these projects. The results from the experiment involving 161 professional PMs suggest that difficulty in project work‐planning in general has a significant impact on sharing behaviors. Consistent with the implications of psychological ownership theory, this relationship is significantly moderated by project managers’ task self‐efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
ON POSITIVITY OF SEVERAL COMPONENTS OF SOLUTION VECTOR FOR SYSTEMS OF LINEAR FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: AGARWAL RAVI P. , DOMOSHNITSKY ALEXANDER 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the classical theorems about lower and upper vector functions for systems of linear differential equations very heavy restrictions on the signs of coefficients are assumed. These restrictions in many cases become necessary if we wish to compareallthe components of a solution vector. The formulas of the integral representation of the general solution explain that these theorems claim actually the positivity ofallelements of the Green's matrix. In this paper we define a principle of partial monotonicity (comparison of only several components of the solution vector), which assumes only the positivity of elements in a corresponding row of the Green's matrix. The main theorem of the paper claims the equivalence of positivity of all elements in thenth row of the Green's matrices of the initial and two other problems, non-oscillation of thenth component of the solution vector and a corresponding assertion about differential inequality of the de La Vallee Poussin type. Necessary and sufficient conditions of the partial monotonicity are obtained. It is demonstrated that our sufficient tests of positivity of the elements in thenth row of the Cauchy matrix are exact in corresponding cases. The main idea in our approach is a construction of an equation for thenth component of the solution vector. In this sense we can say that an analog of the classical Gauss method for solving systems of functional differential equations is proposed in the paper.
A NOTE ON POLYCYLIC RESIDUALLY FINITE-p GROUPS
Authors: CUTOLO GIOVANNI , SMITH HOWARD 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA subgroup H of a residually finite-p group G is almost p-closed in G if H has finite p′-index in H, its closure with respect to the pro-p topology on G. We characterise polycyclic residually finite-p groups in which all subgroups are almost p-closed and discuss a few conditions that are sufficient for particular subgroups H to be almost p-closed. We also present, for each prime p, an example of a polycyclic residually-p group G for which |H: H| takes on all possible values, including infinity, as H varies.
FINITE GROUPS WITH SOME ℨ-PERMUTABLE SUBGROUPS
Authors: LI YANGMING , WANG LIFANG , WANG YANMING 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLet ℨ be a complete set of Sylow subgroups of a finite group G; that is to say for each prime p dividing the order of G, ℨ contains one and only one Sylow p-subgroup of G. A subgroup H of G is said to be ℨ-permutable in G if H permutes with every member of ℨ. In this paper we characterise the structure of finite groups G with the assumption that (1) all the subgroups of Gp ∈ ℨ are ℨ-permutable in G, for all prime p ∈ π(G), or (2) all the subgroups of Gp ∩ F*(G) are ℨ-permutable in G, for all Gp ∈ ℨ and p ∈ π(G), where F*(G) is the generalised Fitting subgroup of G.
EXTENSIONS OF McCOY'S THEOREM
Authors: HONG CHAN YONG , KIM NAM KYUN , LEE YANG 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMcCoy proved that for a right ideal A of S = R[x1, . . ., xk] over a ring R, if rS(A) ≠ 0 then rR(A) ≠ 0. We extend the result to the Ore extensions, the skew monoid rings and the skew power series rings over non-commutative rings and so on.
NORMAL AUTOMORPHISMS OF A FREE METABELIAN NILPOTENT GROUP
Authors: ENDIMIONI GÉRARD 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn automorphism φ of a group G is said to be normal if φ(H) = H for each normal subgroup H of G. These automorphisms form a group containing the group of inner automorphisms. When G is a non-abelian free (or free soluble) group, it is known that these groups of automorphisms coincide, but this is not always true when G is a free metabelian nilpotent group. The aim of this paper is to determine the group of normal automorphisms in this last case.
ON THE INVERSE MULTIFRACTAL FORMALISM
Authors: OLSEN L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo of the main objects of study in multifractal analysis of measures are the coarse multifractal spectra and the Rényi dimensions. In the 1980s it was conjectured in the physics literature that for ‘good’ measures the following result, relating the coarse multifractal spectra to the Legendre transform of the Rényi dimensions, holds, namely

This result is known as the multifractal formalism and has now been verified for many classes of measures exhibiting some degree of self-similarity. However, it is also well known that there is an abundance of measures not satisfying the multifractal formalism and that, in general, the Legendre transforms of the Rényi dimensions provide only upper bounds for the coarse multifractal spectra. The purpose of this paper is to prove that even though the multifractal formalism fails in general, it is nevertheless true that all measures (satisfying a mild regularity condition) satisfy the inverse of the multifractal formalism, namely
TRANSFORMATION AND REDUCTION FORMULAE FOR DOUBLE q-SERIES OF TYPE Φ2:1;λ2:0;μ
Authors: JIA CANGZHI , ZHANG XIANGDE 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBy applying the Sears non-terminating transformations, we establish four general transformation theorems for double basic hypergeometric series of type Φ2:1;λ2:0;μ. Moreover, several transformation, reduction and summation formulae on the double basic hypergeometric series Φ2:1;22:0;1, Φ2:1;32:0;2 and Φ2:1;42:0;3 are also derived through parameter specialisation.