bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I didn’t really like it, but it sounded exciting’
Authors: Ford Karen 
Published: November 2011

It is a mark of respect for children that their views around their healthcare are listened to and considered. To date, too little attention has been paid to children’s views and experiences of admission to hospital for surgery. This paper presents findings from a constructivist grounded theory study of children’s experiences of admission to hospital for surgery (from their perspectives). Age appropriate data collection techniques were used and included interviews with children and their drawings and stories. Ten children, aged 6–12 years, who were admitted to hospital for surgery participated in the research. The children were able to clearly articulate aspects of their experience, including their fears and anxieties, the things they enjoyed and the things that assisted them to cope with their experience. The substantive theory developed was ‘children’s reframing of their sense of selves to incorporate the experiences of hospitalization and surgery’. Children require information and support to alleviate their anxieties around the time of their surgery. With pressures on children’s services, increased day surgery rates and shorter admissions, nurses who care for children around this time are challenged to find ways of knowing each child’s story and the fears that they have.
Histone deacetylases mediate the silencing of miR-15a, miR-16, and miR-29b in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Sampath Deepa , Liu Chaomei , Vasan Karthik , Sulda Melanie , Puduvalli Vinay K. , Wierda William G. , Keating Michael J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) demonstrates a global down-regulation of miR-15a and miR-16 and a selective silencing of the related miR-29b in aggressive disease. Deletions in chromosome 13 [del(13q14)] partially account for the loss of expression of miR-15a and miR-16, but the mechanisms by which miR-29b becomes silenced is unknown. In the present study, we show that the histone deacetylases (HDACs) are overexpressed in CLL and mediate the epigenetic silencing of miR-15a, miR-16, and miR-29b. HDAC inhibition triggered the accumulation of the transcriptionally activating chromatin modification H3K4me2 and restored the expression of miR-15a, miR-16, and miR-29b in approximately 35% of samples. Ectopic expression of miR-15a and miR-16 and HDAC inhibition–induced expression of miR-15a, miR-16, or miR-29b in primary CLL cells was associated with declines in the levels of Mcl-1, but not Bcl-2, mitochondrial dysfunction, and induction of cell death. Therefore, our results show that HDACs aberrantly silence the expression of the critical tumor suppressors miR-15a, miR-16, and miR-29b in CLL. Deacetylase inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy that restores the expression of these miRs to antagonize Mcl-1, an important survival protein in these cells. Consequently, CLL patients who exhibit such epigenetic silencing may benefit from HDAC inhibitor–based therapy.
Arsenic exposure from drinking water and dyspnoea risk in Araihazar, Bangladesh: a population-based study
Authors: Pesola Gene R. , Parvez Faruque , Chen Yu , Ahmed Alauddin , Hasan Rabiul , Ahsan Habibul 
Published: November 2011

Bangladesh has high well water arsenic exposure. Chronic arsenic ingestion may result in diseases that manifest as dyspnoea, although information is sparse.Baseline values were obtained from an arsenic study. Trained physicians ascertained data on dyspnoea among 11,746 subjects. Data were collected on demographic factors, including smoking, blood pressure and arsenic exposure. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios and confidence intervals for the association between arsenic exposure and dyspnoea.The adjusted odds of having dyspnoea was 1.32-fold (95% CI 1.15–1.52) greater in those exposed to high well water arsenic concentrations (≥50 μg·L−1) compared with low-arsenic-exposed nonsmokers (p<0.01). A significant dose–response relationship was found for arsenic (as well as smoking) in relation to dyspnoea. In nonsmokers, the adjusted odds of having dyspnoea were 1.36, 1.96, 2.34 and 1.80-fold greater for arsenic concentrations of 7–38, 39–90, 91–178 and 179–864 μg·L−1, respectively, compared with the reference arsenic concentration of <7 μg·L−1(p<0.01; Chi-squared test for trend).Arsenic exposure through well water is associated with dyspnoea, independently of smoking status. This study suggests that mandated well water testing for arsenic with reduction in exposure may significantly reduce diseases that manifest as dyspnoea, usually cardiac or pulmonary.
Ventilation/perfusion lung scan in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
Authors: Seferian Andrei , Helal Badia , Jaïs Xavier , Girerd Barbara , Price Laura C. , Günther Sven , Savale Laurent , Dorfmüller Peter , Parent Florence , Sitbon Olivier , Humbert Marc , Simonneau Gérald , Montani David 
Published: November 2011

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD), a rare form of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), requires histological proof for definitive diagnosis; however, lung biopsy is not recommended in PAH. Recent conjoint European Respiratory Society/European Society of Cardiology guidelines suggest that nonmatched perfusion defects on ventilation/perfusion (V′/Q′) lung scanning in PAH patients may suggest PVOD. The aim of our study was to evaluateV′/Q′ lung scans in a large cohort of PVOD and idiopathic or heritable PAH patients.V′/Q′ lung scans from 70 patients with idiopathic or heritable PAH and 56 patients with confirmed or highly probable PVOD were reviewed in a double-blind manner.The vast majority ofV′/Q′ lung scans were normal or without significant abnormalities in both groups. No differences in ventilation or perfusion lung scans were observed between PAH and PVOD patients (all p>0.05). Furthermore, no differences were observed between confirmed (n=31) or highly probable PVOD (n=25). Nonmatched perfusion defects were found in seven (10%) idiopathic PAH patients and four (7.1%) PVOD patients (p>0.05).Nonmatched perfusion defects were rarely seen in a large cohort of idiopathic or heritable PAH and PVOD patients. Future recommendations should be amended according to these results suggesting thatV′/Q′ lung scanning is not useful in discriminating PVOD from idiopathic PAH.
Community-acquired pneumonia in younger patients is an entity on its own
Authors: Klapdor Benjamin , Ewig Santiago , Pletz Mathias W. , Rohde Gernot , Schütte Hartwig , Schaberg Tom , Welte Tobias 
Published: November 2011

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is now most frequent in elderly patients. CAP in the younger patient has attracted much less attention. Therefore, we compared patients with CAP aged 18 to <65 yrs with those aged ≥65 yrs.Data from the prospective multicentre Competence Network for Community Acquired Pneumonia Study Group (CAPNETZ) database were analysed for potential differences in baseline characteristics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, microbial investigations, aetiologies, antimicrobial treatment and outcomes.Overall, 7,803 patients were studied. The proportion of younger patients (aged <65 yrs) was 52.3% (18 to <30 yrs 6.4%; <40 yrs 17.1%; <50 yrs 29.4%). Comorbidity was present in only half of the younger patients (46.6%versus88.2%). Fever and chest pain were more common. Most younger patients presented with mild CAP (74.0% had a CURB-65 score of 0 (confusion of new onset, urea >7 mmol·L−1, respiratory rate of ≥30 breaths·min−1, blood pressure <90 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≤60 mmHg, age ≥65 yrs)). Overall,Streptococcus pneumoniaeandMycoplasma pneumoniaewere the most frequent pathogens in the younger patients. Short-term mortality was very low (1.7%versus8.2%) and even lower in patients without comorbidity (0.3%versus2.4%). Long-term mortality was 3.2%versus15.9%, also lower in patients without comorbidity (0.8%versus6.1%).Most of the differences found clearly arise after the fifth or within the middle of the sixth decade. CAP in the younger patient is a clinically distinct entity.
CXCR1andCXCR2haplotypes synergistically modulate cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Kormann Michael S.D. , Hector Andreas , Marcos Veronica , Mays Lauren E. , Kappler Matthias , Illig Thomas , Klopp Norman , Zeilinger Sonja , Carevic Melanie , Rieber Nikolaus , Eickmeier Olaf , Zielen Stefan , Gaggar Amit , Moepps Barbara , Griese Matthias , Hartl Dominik 
Published: November 2011

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease severity is largely independent on the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotype, indicating the contribution of genetic modifiers. The chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 have been found to play essential roles in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease. Here, we determine whether genetic variation ofCXCR1andCXCR2influences CF lung disease severity.Genomic DNA of CF patients in Germany (n=442) was analysed for common variations inCXCR1andCXCR2using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tagging approach. Associations ofCXCR1andCXCR2SNPs and haplotypes with CF lung disease severity, CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression, and neutrophil effector functions were assessed.Four SNPs inCXCR1and three inCXCR2strongly correlated with age-adjusted lung function in CF patients. SNPs comprising haplotypesCXCR1_Ha andCXCR2_Ha were in high linkage disequilibrium and patients heterozygous for theCXCR1-2haplotype cluster (CXCR1-2_Ha) had lower lung function compared with patients with homozygous wild-type alleles (forced expiratory volume in 1 s ≤70% predicted, OR 7.24; p=2.30×10−5). CF patients carryingCXCR1-2_Ha showed decreased CXCR1 combined with increased CXCR2 mRNA and protein expression, and displayed disturbed antibacterial effector functions.CXCR1andCXCR2genotypes modulate lung function and antibacterial host defence in CF lung disease.
Tandemly repeated DNA families in the mouse genome
Authors: Komissarov Aleksey S , Gavrilova Ekaterina V , Demin Sergey Ju , Ishov Alexander M , Podgornaya Olga I 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Functional and morphological studies of tandem DNA repeats, that combine high portion of most genomes, are mostly limited due to the incomplete characterization of these genome elements. We report here a genome wide analysis of the large tandem repeats (TR) found in the mouse genome assemblies.

Results
Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified large TR with array size more than 3 kb in two mouse whole genome shotgun (WGS) assemblies. Large TR were classified based on sequence similarity, chromosome position, monomer length, array variability, and GC content; we identified four superfamilies, eight families, and 62 subfamilies - including 60 not previously described. 1) The superfamily of centromeric minor satellite is only found in the unassembled part of the reference genome. 2) The pericentromeric major satellite is the most abundant superfamily and reveals high order repeat structure. 3) Transposable elements related superfamily contains two families. 4) The superfamily of heterogeneous tandem repeats includes four families. One family is found only in the WGS, while two families represent tandem repeats with either single or multi locus location. Despite multi locus location, TRPC-21A-MM is placed into a separated family due to its abundance, strictly pericentromeric location, and resemblance to big human satellites.
To confirm our data, we next performed in situ hybridization with three repeats from distinct families. TRPC-21A-MM probe hybridized to chromosomes 3 and 17, multi locus TR-22A-MM probe hybridized to ten chromosomes, and single locus TR-54B-MM probe hybridized with the long loops that emerge from chromosome ends. In addition to in silico predicted several extra-chromosomes were positive for TR by in situ analysis, potentially indicating inaccurate genome assembly of the heterochromatic genome regions.

Conclusions
Chromosome-specific TR had been predicted for mouse but no reliable cytogenetic probes were available before. We report new analysis that identified in silico and confirmed in situ 3/17 chromosome-specific probe TRPC-21-MM. Thus, the new classification had proven to be useful tool for continuation of genome study, while annotated TR can be the valuable source of cytogenetic probes for chromosome recognition.
Do-it-yourself: construction of a custom cDNA macroarray platform with high sensitivity and linear range
Authors: Boonefaes Tom , Houthuys Erica , Van den Bergh Rafael , Vander Beken Seppe , Raes Geert , Brouckaert Peter , De Baetselier Patrick , Grooten Johan 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Research involving gene expression profiling and clinical applications, such as diagnostics and prognostics, often require a DNA array platform that is flexibly customisable and cost-effective, but at the same time is highly sensitive and capable of accurately and reproducibly quantifying the transcriptional expression of a vast number of genes over the whole transcriptome dynamic range using low amounts of RNA sample. Hereto, a set of easy-to-implement practical optimisations to the design of cDNA-based nylon macroarrays as well as sample 33P-labeling, hybridisation protocols and phosphor screen image processing were analysed for macroarray performance.

Results
The here proposed custom macroarray platform had an absolute sensitivity as low as 50,000 transcripts and a linear range of over 5 log-orders. Its quality of identifying differentially expressed genes was at least comparable to commercially available microchips. Interestingly, the quantitative accuracy was found to correlate significantly with corresponding reversed transcriptase - quantitative PCR values, the gold standard gene expression measure (Pearson's correlation test p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the assay has low cost and input RNA requirements (0.5 μg and less) and has a sound reproducibility.

Conclusions
Results presented here, demonstrate for the first time that self-made cDNA-based nylon macroarrays can produce highly reliable gene expression data with high sensitivity and covering the entire mammalian dynamic range of mRNA abundances. Starting off from minimal amounts of unamplified total RNA per sample, a reasonable amount of samples can be assayed simultaneously for the quantitative expression of hundreds of genes in an easily customisable and cost-effective manner.
p-Cu2O-shell/n-TiO2-nanowire-core heterostucture photodiodes
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Ying , Chang Shoou-Jinn , Hsueh Ting-Jen , Hsueh Han-Ting , Weng Wen-Yin , Hsu Cheng-Liang , Dai Bau-Tong 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study reports the deposition of cuprous oxide [Cu2O] onto titanium dioxide [TiO2] nanowires [NWs] prepared on TiO2/glass templates. The average length and average diameter of these thermally oxidized and evaporated TiO2 NWs are 0.1 to 0.4 μm and 30 to 100 nm, respectively. The deposited Cu2O fills gaps between the TiO2 NWs with good step coverage to form nanoshells surrounding the TiO2 cores. The p-Cu2O/n-TiO2 NW heterostructure exhibits a rectifying behavior with a sharp turn-on at approximately 0.9 V. Furthermore, the fabricated p-Cu2O-shell/n-TiO2-nanowire-core photodiodes exhibit reasonably large photocurrent-to-dark-current contrast ratios and fast responses.
A Functional equation related to inner product spaces in non-archimedean normed spaces
Authors: Gordji Madjid Eshaghi , Khodabakhsh Razieh , Khodaei Hamid , Park Choonkil , shin Dong Yun 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of a functional equation related to inner product spaces in non-Archimedean normed spaces.

2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 46S10; 39B52; 47S10; 26E30; 12J25.
On a class of second-order nonlinear difference equation
Authors: Dongsheng Li , Shuliang Zou , Maoxin Liao 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the rule of trajectory structure for a kind of second-order rational difference equation. With the change of the initial values, we find the successive lengths of positive and negative semicycles for oscillatory solutions of this equation, and the positive equilibrium point 1 of this equation is proved to be globally asymptotically stable.

Mathematics Subject Classification (2000)

39A10
The Contribution of Spinal Glial Cells to Chronic Pain Behaviour in the Monosodium Iodoacetate Model of Osteoarthritic Pain
Authors: Sagar Devi Rani , Burston James J , Hathway Gareth J , Woodhams Stephen G , Pearson Richard G , Bennett Andrew J , Kendall David A , Scammell Brigitte E , Chapman Victoria 
Published: November 2011

Background: Clinical studies of osteoarthritis (OA) suggest central sensitization may contribute to the chronic pain experienced. This preclinical study used the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model of OA joint pain to investigate the potential contribution of spinal sensitization, in particular spinal glial cell activation, to pain behaviour in this model. Experimental OA was induced in the rat by the intra-articular injection of MIA and pain behaviour (change in weight bearing and distal allodynia) was assessed. Spinal cord microglia (Iba1 staining) and astrocyte (GFAP immunofluorescence) activation were measured at 7, 14 and 28 days post MIA-treatment. The effects of two known inhibitors of glial activation, nimesulide and minocycline, on pain behaviour and activation of microglia and astrocytes were assessed. Results: Seven days following intra-articular injection of MIA, microglia in the ipsilateral spinal cord were activated (p < 0. 05, compared to contralateral levels and compared to saline controls). Levels of activated microglia were significantly elevated at day 14 and 21 post MIA-injection. At day 28, microglia activation was significantly correlated with distal allodynia (p < 0.05). Ipsilateral spinal GFAP immunofluorescence was significantly (p < 0.01) increased at day 28, but not at earlier timepoints, in the MIA model, compared to saline controls. Repeated oral dosing (days 14-20) with nimesulide attenuated pain behaviour and the activation of microglia in the ipsilateral spinal cord at day 21. This dosing regimen also significantly attenuated distal allodynia (p < 0.001) and numbers of activated microglia (p < 0.05) and GFAP immunofluorescence (p < 0.001) one week later in MIA-treated rats, compared to vehicle-treated rats. Repeated administration of minocycline also significantly attenuated pain behaviour and reduced the number of activated microglia and decreased GFAP immunofluorescence in ipsilateral spinal cord of MIA treated rats. Conclusions: Here we provide evidence for a contribution of spinal glial cells to pain behaviour, in particular distal allodynia, in this model of osteoarthritic pain. Our data suggest there is a potential role of glial cells in the central sensitization associated with OA, which may provide a novel analgesic target for the treatment of OA pain.
Transcriptome analysis of Aspergillus niger grown on sugarcane bagasse
Authors: de Souza Wagner R , de Gouvea Paula F , Savoldi Marcela , Malavazi Iran , de Souza Bernardes Luciano A , Goldman Maria Helena S , de Vries Ronald P , de Castro Oliveira Juliana V , Goldman Gustavo H 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Considering that the costs of cellulases and hemicellulases contribute substantially to the price of bioethanol, new studies aimed at understanding and improving cellulase efficiency and productivity are of paramount importance. Aspergillus niger has been shown to produce a wide spectrum of polysaccharide hydrolytic enzymes. To understand how to improve enzymatic cocktails that can hydrolyze pretreated sugarcane bagasse, we used a genomics approach to investigate which genes and pathways are transcriptionally modulated during growth of A. niger on steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse (SEB).

Results
Herein we report the main cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes with increased expression during growth on SEB. We also sought to determine whether the mRNA accumulation of several SEB-induced genes encoding putative transporters is induced by xylose and dependent on glucose. We identified 18 (58% of A. niger predicted cellulases) and 21 (58% of A. niger predicted hemicellulases) cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes, respectively, that were highly expressed during growth on SEB.

Conclusions
Degradation of sugarcane bagasse requires production of many different enzymes which are regulated by the type and complexity of the available substrate. Our presently reported work opens new possibilities for understanding sugarcane biomass saccharification by A. niger hydrolases and for the construction of more efficient enzymatic cocktails for second-generation bioethanol.
Mifepristone Effects on Tumor Somatostatin Receptor Expression in Two Patients with Cushing's Syndrome due to Ectopic Adrenocorticotropin Secretion
Authors: de Bruin C. , Hofland L. J. , Nieman L. K. , van Koetsveld P. M. , Waaijers A. M. , Sprij-Mooij D. M. , van Essen M. , Lamberts S. W. J. , de Herder W. W. , Feelders R. A. 
Published: November 2011

Context:
Two patients presented with Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion. Initial localization studies included computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and octreoscans (111In-pentreotide scintigraphy), which were negative in both patients. They were treated with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone, with improvement in their clinical symptoms. Follow-up octreoscans after, respectively, 6 and 12 months showed the unequivocal presence of a bronchial carcinoid in both patients.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to correlate in vivo and in vitro findings in patients with ectopic ACTH-producing syndrome.

Methods:
We determined the expression of somatostatin and dopamine receptors by immunohistochemistry (patients 1 and 2), quantitative PCR, and in vitro culturing of tumor cells (patient 1 only).

In Vitro Results:
Both tumors were strongly positive for somatostatin receptor type 2 (sst2) on immunohistochemistry, whereas one of the tumors (patient 1) was also dopamine receptor subtype 2 (D2) positive on both immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR. Octreotide (a sst2 preferring analog) and cabergoline (D2 agonist) both decreased the ACTH levels in the cultured tumor cells of patient 1.

Conclusion:
We describe two patients with ACTH-producing bronchial carcinoids, in whom a direct down-regulatory effect of glucocorticoid levels on tumoral sst2 receptor expression is suggested by a remarkable change in octreoscan status after successful mifepristone therapy. Further studies will have to demonstrate whether glucocorticoid lowering or antagonizing therapy may be used to improve the diagnostic accuracy of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with ectopic ACTH production of unknown primary origin.