bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes Toward Information About Genetic Risk for Cognitive Impairment After Cancer Chemotherapy: Breast Cancer Survivors Compared With Healthy Controls
Authors: Andrykowski Michael A. , Burris Jessica L. , Walsh Erin , Small Brent J. , Jacobsen Paul B. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose The trend toward personalized medicine will involve cancer treatment increasingly being tailored to the genetic characteristics of individuals. However, the availability of genetic information does not imply this information is desired or would impact treatment decision making. Methods One hundred sixty breast cancer survivors (BC group) and 205 healthy controls (HC group) were randomly assigned to respond to two different clinical scenarios varying in genetic-related risk of cognitive impairment (CI; little v very likely) and severity of CI (little v moderate problem) after chemotherapy. Ratings of the importance of being told this genetic information (information importance) and the likelihood this information would affect their decision to receive chemotherapy (information impact) were obtained. Results Results indicated the importance ascribed to genetic information was greatest when CI likelihood and severity were both high or low (P < .05). Information impact ratings were not sensitive to differences in CI likelihood or severity; the BC group was less likely to indicate genetic information would affect their decision to receive chemotherapy than the HC group (P < .001). Conclusion Results suggest lessened enthusiasm for genetic information that maintains or increases uncertainty about a specific course of action and highlight the importance of including clinically relevant groups in treatment decision-making research that employs hypothetical scenarios. Although women generally believe it is important to receive genetic information, they might benefit from assistance (eg, decision aid) in the difficult task of integrating information about survival and risk for adverse late effects from cancer treatment.
Phase II Study of the Anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte–Associated Antigen 4 Monoclonal Antibody, Tremelimumab, in Patients With Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chung Ki Y. , Gore Ira , Fong Lawrence , Venook Alan , Beck Stephen B. , Dorazio Prudence , Criscitiello Peggy J. , Healey Diane I. , Huang Bo , Gomez-Navarro Jesus , Saltz Leonard B. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose Safety and efficacy of tremelimumab (CP-675,206), a fully human anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) monoclonal antibody, were assessed in patients with treatment-refractory colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods A single-arm, multicenter, phase II trial was conducted in patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤ 1 and measurable colorectal carcinoma for whom standard treatments for metastatic disease had failed. Patients received 15 mg/kg tremelimumab intravenously every 90 days until progression. Primary end point was objective response status (per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors). Secondary end points included safety, duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results Forty-seven patients who had received extensive prior therapies (all had received fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan; most [91%] had also received cetuximab) were treated. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (n = 5; 11%), ulcerative colitis (n = 1; 2%), fatigue (n = 1; 2%), autoimmune thrombocytopenia (n = 1; 2%), and hypokalemia (n = 1; 2%), which resolved spontaneously or with interventions. Six patients discontinued because of an AE; two were considered treatment related. Of 45 response-evaluable patients, 44 did not reach second dose (43 progressive disease; one discontinuation). Twenty-one patients (45%) lived ≥ 180 days after enrollment. One patient (2%; 90% CI, < 1% to 10%) had a stable pelvic mass and substantial regression in an adrenal mass (partial response). This patient received five tremelimumab doses; response duration was 6 months (enrollment to disease progression, 15 months). Conclusion Tremelimumab did not demonstrate clinically meaningful single-agent activity in this patient population, although the number of survivors at 6 months and the one patient with confirmed partial response are potentially interesting. Further study of tremelimumab in combination with other agents may be warranted.
SOS
Authors: Nelson Jemma , Manson Caden , Nelson Jemma 
Published: May 2010

© 2010 Caden Manson and Jemma Nelson. All rights reserved. No part of this play may lawfully be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical—including photocopying, recording (as well as videotaping), typescript, manuscript, or transmission and storage in a retrieval system—without prior permission from the producer, Big Art Group (www.bigartgroup.com).
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Assessment of strength of individual digits in persons with osteoarthritis of the hand
Authors: MacIntyre Norma J , Wessel Jean , MacDermid Joy C , Galea Victoria 
Published: May 2010

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which individual digit strength measures correlate with overall hand strength, pain and function in persons with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand, and thereby judge whether individual digit strength measures are relevant to the clinical assessment of hand disability in this population. Methods One hundred and four community-dwelling persons with OA of the dominant hand (84 women) participated in this cross-sectional study. Correlations between measures of hand strength (grip: digit and total; pinch: tripod, wide key and narrow key), dexterity and self-reported pain and function (subscales of the Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation) were investigated. Results Although OA involved radial digits more than ulnar digits, radial digit strength contributes more to total grip (59% versus 41%). Correlations between total grip and digit strength varied from excellent (digits 3 and 4: r = 0.93 and 0.88, respectively) to moderate (digits 2 and 5: r = 0.75 and 0.74, respectively). Correlations between pinch and individual digit strength (digits 2 and 3) were moderate ( r = 0.66–0.74). Correlations between measures of different constructs (strength, pain and physical function) did not exceed 0.41. Conclusions Individual digit strength is not linked with OA involvement of that digit. At most, strength of individual digits explains just over half of the variance in total grip strength and pinch strength. Assessment of individual digit grip strength appears to provide unique information regarding hand disability in persons with OA.
A Fibre Optic Sensor for Ambiguity Measurement of Apparent Strain Produced by Electrical Strain Gauge-Transient-Heating-Effect
Authors: El-Wakad Mohamed-Tarek I. , Elsarnagawy Tarek 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Strain gauges are useful sensors in many engineering and medical applications. When using one gauge for the measurement in quarter-bridge configurations, the elctrical current flowing delivers power to the electrical strain gauge which causes a temperature rise (transient heat effect or THE), with a strain signal appearing as drift of the zero baseline. Fibre optic sensors on the other side are used to measure temperature as well as strain or force. The aim of this study is to evaluate the rise in temperature produced by the electrical strain gauge and to determine the equivalent apparent strain accordingly as a step towards using the reading to correct for the error due to the THE. The results of this study show that the optical fibre sensor is more sensitive compared to the semiconductor sensor used as a reference temperature sensor. The results also show the feasibility of determining the equivalent apparent strain values through reverse calculation of number of fringes resulting from the fibre optic sensor due to the temperature change. This was as an initial step to implement those values in the measuring electronic circuitry in order to eliminate the drift in the zero baselines.
Modellbasierte und messtechnische Validierung von Umschalteinrichtungen in Durchflusskalibriereinrichtungen für Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Mathies Nicolaus , Engel Rainer , Baade Hans-Joachim 
Published: May 2010

Zusammenfassung
In vielen Branchen wie Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft, Medizin und Umwelttechnik kommt den Messgrößen Durchfluss und Volumen strömender Flüssigkeiten und deren exakten Erfassung eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Diese Messgrößen müssen überall dort erfasst werden, wo Produkte in flüssiger Form als Handelsgüter mengenmäßig bestimmt werden. Die Anwendungen reichen von Getränkeabfüllungen über flüssige Lebensmittel bis zu Trinkwasser und Kraftstoffen. In verfahrenstechnischen Anwendungen sind diese Messgrößen die Grundlage für die Herstellung definierter Mengen bzw. Mengenverhältnisse, wodurch definierte Produkteigenschaften erzielt werden. Mit steigenden Kosten entsteht ein immer stärkerer Anspruch an die absolute Genauigkeit der zum Einsatz kommenden Durchflussmessgeräte, deren Kalibrierung — sofern kleinste Messunsicherheiten verlangt sind — derzeit mehrheitlich auf Prüfständen mit gravimetrischen Messanlagen erfolgt [1,2]. Für den Nachweis der erreichten Messunsicherheit liegt das Hauptaugenmerk auf der Analyse der maßgeblichen Einflussgrößen. Der Bestimmung der systematischen Messabweichung und der Unsicherheit der Umschalteinrichtung kommt hierbei eine besondere Bedeutung zu [3,4,5]. In der Praxis gibt es für deren Analyse verschiedene Methoden. Im Folgenden werden diese Analysemethoden anhand der mit einem Freistrahl arbeitenden Umschalteinrichtung des Hydrodynamischen Prüffeldes der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt in Braunschweig [2,4] angewendet und verglichen.
Parallel Genetic and Proteomic Screens Identify Msps as a CLASP–Abl Pathway Interactor in Drosophila
Authors: Lowery L A , Lee H , Lu C , Murphy R , Obar R A , Zhai B , Schedl M , Van Vactor D , Zhan Y 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Regulation of cytoskeletal structure and dynamics is essential for multiple aspects of cellular behavior, yet there is much to learn about the molecular machinery underlying the coordination between the cytoskeleton and its effector systems. One group of proteins that regulate microtubule behavior and its interaction with other cellular components, such as actin-regulatory proteins and transport machinery, is the plus-end tracking proteins (MT+TIPs). In particular, evidence suggests that the MT+TIP, CLASP, may play a pivotal role in the coordination of microtubules with other cellular structures in multiple contexts, although the molecular mechanism by which it functions is still largely unknown. To gain deeper insight into the functional partners of CLASP, we conducted parallel genetic and proteome-wide screens for CLASP interactors in Drosophila melanogaster. We identified 36 genetic modifiers and 179 candidate physical interactors, including 13 that were identified in both data sets. Grouping interactors according to functional classifications revealed several categories, including cytoskeletal components, signaling proteins, and translation/RNA regulators. We focused our initial investigation on the MT+TIP Minispindles (Msps), identified among the cytoskeletal effectors in both genetic and proteomic screens. Here, we report that Msps is a strong modifier of CLASP and Abl in the retina. Moreover, we show that Msps functions during axon guidance and antagonizes both CLASP and Abl activity. Our data suggest a model in which CLASP and Msps converge in an antagonistic balance in the Abl signaling pathway.
Allelic Variation in Cell Wall Candidate Genes Affecting Solid Wood Properties in Natural Populations and Land Races of Pinus radiata
Authors: Dillon S K , Nolan M , Li W , Bell C , Wu H X , Southerton S G 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Forest trees are ideally suited to association mapping due to their high levels of diversity and low genomic linkage disequilibrium. Using an association mapping approach, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers influencing quantitative variation in wood quality were identified in a natural population of Pinus radiata. Of 149 sites examined, 10 demonstrated significant associations (P &lt; 0.05, q &lt; 0.1) with one or more traits after accounting for population structure and experimentwise error. Without accounting for marker interactions, phenotypic variation attributed to individual SNPs ranged from 2 to 6.5%. Undesirable negative correlations between wood quality and growth were not observed, indicating potential to break negative correlations by selecting for individual SNPs in breeding programs. Markers that yielded significant associations were reexamined in an Australian land race. SNPs from three genes (PAL1, PCBER, and SUSY) yielded significant associations. Importantly, associations with two of these genes validated associations with density previously observed in the discovery population. In both cases, decreased wood density was associated with the minor allele, suggesting that these SNPs may be under weak negative purifying selection for density in the natural populations. These results demonstrate the utility of LD mapping to detect associations, even when the power to detect SNPs with small effect is anticipated to be low.
Primary Care Physician Supply and Children's Health Care Use, Access, and Outcomes: Findings From Canada
Authors: Guttmann Astrid , Shipman Scott A. , Lam Kelvin , Goodman David C. , Stukel Therese A. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the relationship of primary care physician (PCP) supply for children and measures of health care access, use, and outcomes.

METHODS:
We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study of all Ontario children from 2003 to 2005. We used health administrative data to calculate county-level supply (full-time equivalents [FTEs]) of PCPs. We modeled the relationship of supply to (1) recommended primary care visits, (2) emergency department (ED) use, and (3) ambulatory care–sensitive condition admissions and adjusted for neighborhood income. We used population-based surveys to describe access.

RESULTS:
The county-level PCP supply ranged from 1720 to 4720 children per FTE. Of the children, 45.4% live in the highest-supply areas (&lt;2000 children per FTE) and 8% in the lowest-supply areas (&gt;3000 children per FTE). Compared with high-supply counties, the lowest had significantly lower rates of primary care visits (2716 vs 7490 per 1000) and higher proportions of newborns without early follow-care (58.2% vs 14.5%). Low-supply areas had higher rates of ED visits (440 vs 179 per 1000) and admissions. A stepwise gradient existed for every decrease in supply for most measures. Self-reported access barriers were most evident in areas with &gt;3500 children per FTE (32.8% without a physician).

CONCLUSIONS:
Under universal insurance there are differences in access to, and outcomes of, primary care related to local physician supply after controlling for neighborhood income. The most pronounced effect is on primary and ED care use, but there are implications for acute and chronic disease control. Physician distribution is a critical issue to address in policies to improve access to care.
A Controlled, Longitudinal Study of the Social Functioning of Youth With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Noll Robert B. , Kiska Raechel , Reiter-Purtill Jennifer , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Vannatta Kathryn 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the peer relationships of adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) and demographically similar comparison peers who did not have a chronic illness 2 years after an initial evaluation. As a result of ongoing medical challenges associated with SCD and the psychological demands of adolescence, we hypothesized that children with SCD would be viewed by peers as more sensitive and isolated, they would have fewer friends, and they would be less well liked than comparison peers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
At follow-up, peer (n = 2067) and teacher (n = 120) reports of social functioning were obtained for 60 children with SCD and 66 comparison peers. Social reputation (What is the child like?) and social acceptance (Is the child liked?) were evaluated cross-sectionally and longitudinally at the 2-year follow-up (ages 10–17).

RESULTS:
Relative to comparison peers, children with SCD were perceived as less aggressive by peers and teachers. No significant differences were found between groups on measures of friendship or social acceptance. Results of longitudinal analyses indicated that teacher-reported levels of sensitive and isolated behavior increased over time for comparison peers but remained stable for children with SCD.

CONCLUSIONS:
In general, the social functioning of children with SCD remained stable over time and was not suggestive of emergent social dysfunction. Findings are discussed within a developmental psychopathology framework, possible protective effect of SCD for youth from high-risk environments, and implications regarding pain management for these youth.
Emerging Battery-Ingestion Hazard: Clinical Implications
Authors: Litovitz Toby , Whitaker Nicole , Clark Lynn , White Nicole C. , Marsolek Melinda 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES:Recent cases suggest that severe and fatal button battery ingestions are increasing and current treatment may be inadequate. The objective of this study was to identify battery ingestion outcome predictors and trends, define the urgency of intervention, and refine treatment guidelines.METHODS:Data were analyzed from 3 sources: (1) National Poison Data System (56535 cases, 1985–2009); (2) National Battery Ingestion Hotline (8648 cases, July 1990–September 2008); and (3) medical literature and National Battery Ingestion Hotline cases (13 deaths and 73 major outcomes) involving esophageal or airway button battery lodgment.RESULTS:All 3 data sets signal worsening outcomes, with a 6.7-fold increase in the percentage of button battery ingestions with major or fatal outcomes from 1985 to 2009 (National Poison Data System). Ingestions of 20- to 25-mm-diameter cells increased from 1% to 18% of ingested button batteries (1990–2008), paralleling the rise in lithium-cell ingestions (1.3% to 24%). Outcomes were significantly worse for large-diameter lithium cells (≥20 mm) and children who were younger than 4 years. The 20-mm lithium cell was implicated in most severe outcomes. Severe burns with sequelae occurred in just 2 to 2.5 hours. Most fatal (92%) or major outcome (56%) ingestions were not witnessed. At least 27% of major outcome and 54% of fatal cases were misdiagnosed, usually because of nonspecific presentations. Injuries extended after removal, with unanticipated and delayed esophageal perforations, tracheoesophageal fistulas, fistulization into major vessels, and massive hemorrhage.CONCLUSIONS:Revised treatment guidelines promote expedited removal from the esophagus, increase vigilance for delayed complications, and identify patients who require urgent radiographs.
Preventing Battery Ingestions: An Analysis of 8648 Cases
Authors: Litovitz Toby , Whitaker Nicole , Clark Lynn 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES:Outcomes of pediatric button battery ingestions have worsened substantially, predominantly related to the emergence of the 20-mm-diameter lithium cell as a common power source for household products. Button batteries lodged in the esophagus can cause severe tissue damage in just 2 hours, with delayed complications such as esophageal perforation, tracheoesophageal fistulas, exsanguination after fistulization into a major blood vessel, esophageal strictures, and vocal cord paralysis. Thirteen deaths have been reported. The objective of this study was to explore button battery ingestion scenarios to formulate prevention strategies.METHODS:A total of 8648 battery ingestions that were reported to the National Battery Ingestion Hotline were analyzed.RESULTS:Batteries that were ingested by children who were younger than 6 years were most often obtained directly from a product (61.8%), were loose (29.8%), or were obtained from battery packaging (8.2%). Of young children who ingested the most hazardous battery, the 20-mm lithium cell, 37.3% were intended for remote controls. Adults most often ingested batteries that were sitting out, loose, or discarded (80.8%); obtained directly from a product (4.2%); obtained from battery packaging (3.0%); or swallowed within a hearing aid (12.1%). Batteries that were intended for hearing aids were implicated in 36.3% of ingestions. Batteries were mistaken for pills in 15.5% of ingestions, mostly by older adults.CONCLUSIONS:Parents and child care providers should be taught to prevent battery ingestions. Because 61.8% of batteries that were ingested by children were obtained from products, manufacturers should redesign household products to secure the battery compartment, possibly requiring a tool to open it.
Study of the Efficacy and Tolerability of 0.04% Tretinoin Microsphere Gel for Preadolescent Acne
Authors: Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Matiz Catalina , Funk Ann , Dill Sara W. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The goals were to assess the degree of improvement of facial acne after treatment with the 0.04% tretinoin microsphere gel (TMG) among patients 8 to 12 years of age and to assess tolerability and safety.

METHODS:
An open-label study was conducted with 40 patients 8 to 12 years of age (mean age: 10.7 years) with mild/moderate acne, defined on the basis of Evaluator's Global Severity Score (EGSS) values between 2 and 3. Patients were treated with the 0.04% TMG for 12 weeks and were evaluated at baseline and weeks 3, 6, and 12. Primary end points were changes in EGSS and Alternative Evaluator's Global Severity Score values; the secondary efficacy end point was the Investigator's Global Evaluation of treatment responses at week 12.

RESULTS:
The mean EGSS value decreased significantly from baseline to week 12 (2.6 vs 2.1; P &lt; .001), with 75% of cases being graded as almost clear or mild. The mean Alternative Evaluator's Global Severity Score value decreased from 3.1 to 2.4 during the 12-week period (P &lt; .001). The mean Investigator's Global Evaluation score was 3.39 at week 12, indicating moderate improvement of acne. Treatment-associated adverse events were minimal, with mild skin irritation being most commonly recorded, generally in the first 3 weeks of therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:
The 0.04% TMG pump was effective and safe for the treatment of acne vulgaris in this 8- to 12-year-old population, and the treatment was generally well tolerated. Additional studies in this population are recommended, to confirm these results.