bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated binding activity of CD8+ cells with phytohaemagglutinin by asbestos fibrein vitro
Authors: KINUGAWA K , HYODOH F , ANDOH A , UEKI A , TANAKA H , MOCHIZUKI Y 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYAsbestos fibres are known to depress the mitogenic stimuli of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) to lymphocytes. We examined effects of asbestos (chrysotile) fibre on the proliferation of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes and the PHA binding activity of lymphocytes in vitro. The incorporation of 3H-thymidine and the expression of interleukin-2 receptor were depressed when the cells were exposed to 50 μg/ml of chrysotile fibre. The PHA binding activity of lymphocytes was significantly enhanced after chrysotile fibre exposure, as compared with non-exposed group. These results indicate that the depression of PHA stimuli with chrysotile fibre was not due to blocking of PHA binding to lymphocytes. The enhancement of PHA binding activity by chrysotile fibre was observed on CD8+ but not on CD4+ cells. It is possible, therefore, that treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with chrysotile fibre induces increased reactivity of CDS+ cells with PHA, and that intensely activated CD8+ cells suppress proliferation of lymphocytes.
Acute shift in immune response to microbial activators in very-low-birth-weight infants
Authors: VEBER M B , CUNNINGHAM-RUNDLES S , SCHULMAN M , MANDEL F , AULD P A M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYInvestigation of lymphocyte activation in vitro to microbial pathogens was undertaken in very-low-birth-weight infants during the first 2 weeks of life. Twenty-three infants with birth weights less than 1500 g were studied on day 1. Normal adults (n= 23) and cord blood from seven full-term infants were used as controls. Longitudinal studies were also carried out on seven of the 23 infants 2 weeks following delivery. Results indicated that lymphocyte responses of very-low-birth-weight infants on day 1 of life were significantly greater than those of both adult controls and full-term infants, particularly to Haemophilus influenzae. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcal protein A. In contrast, response to the T cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was significantly less in very-low-birth-weight infants than in adult controls and full-term infants. The seven very-low-birth-weight infants studied showed a down-regulation of immune response in the 2 weeks following birth, such that responses on day 14 were significantly less than those on day 1 for the same activators. This shift in immune response appears to have important implications for the immune development and host defence in the post-natal period.
Characterization of antibodies reacting with HIV gag proteins occasionally found in the serum of non-infected subjects
Authors: BÜRGISSER P , FREI P C 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The use of serological tests for the diagnosis of HIV infection has revealed that some non-infected persons have antibodies that react with HIV-1 gag proteins. Here, the sera of three non-infected subjects reacting with p 17 and 11 non-infected subjects reacting with p24 were investigated, using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with six recombinant gag antigens and Western blot analysis of proteolytic peptides of two of these gag antigens. The results indicate that whereas all p 17-reactive sera could react with an unique epitope, individual p24-reactive sera recognize different epitopes. Investigations by EIA also demonstrated the role of sequences located far from the epitopes in making these epitopes accessible to the antibodies or in providing them with an antigenic conformation. In addition to the 14 subjects mentioned above, another subject was shown to have antibodies reacting with the p9 (NC) gag protein. Several proteins are known as having homology with HIV-1 gag proteins. Their possible role in eliciting cross-reactive antibodies is discussed.
Genetic control of Coxsackievirus B3-induced heart-specific autoantibodies associated with chronic myocarditis
Authors: TRAYSTMAN M D , BEISEL K W 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYCardiac-specific autoantibodies to sarcolemmal and cardiac myosin antigens observed during the chronic phase of Coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis appear to be under autosomal recessive control. This observation is based on examination of F1 hybrids bred from A/J mice which develop chronic myocarditis and C57BL/6J mice which resolve the virus-induced lesions. Previous mouse studies demonstrated that the prevalence of heart-specific autoantibodies varied with the H-2 complex. However, in 25 H-2 congenic mouse strains the strain background was the predominant determinant of autoantibody presence. Recently, we extended our genetic evaluation of the chromosomal locations governing autoantibody responses by examining 25 AXB and BXA recombinant inbred strains. Two populations of heart-specific autoantibodies were demonstrated against sarcolemmal and cardiac myosin antigens. Analyses of the AXB/BXA strain distribution patterns for these two traits revealed that the anti-sarcolemmal response was controlled by a gene(s) linked to Np-2 and Terα loci on chromosome 14. Linkage could not be assigned for the anti-cardiac myosin response.
Alpha-1 anti-trypsin and CD30 expression occur in parallel in activated T cells
Authors: BASHIR M S , JONES D B , WRIGHT D H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe have performed an immunohistochemical study of immunoblastic T cell lymphoma and enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma for alpha-1 anti-trypsin and CD30. Cytoplasmic staining for α1 anti-trypsin is present in the malignant cells in both types of T cell neoplasm which also express CD30, a marker of lymphoid activation. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes on stimulation with mitogen also show granular cytoplasmic expression of α1 anti-trypsin. Time course studies show that this parallels the expression of CD30. α1 anti-trypsin expression appears therefore to be associated with activation in T cells. Further studies of sub-fractionated T lymphocytes in vitro suggest that the expression of α1 anti-trypsin on activation is not restricted to an individual lymphocyte subset.
Antigen-dependentin vitroculture of protective T cells from BCG-primed mice
Authors: D'SOUZA S , IVANYI J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYInduction of protective immunity against pathogenic mycobacteria depends on vaccination with live organisms such as Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). However, it is not known how many and which antigens are involved in the protective host response. In this study, we developed a system of antigen-dependent in vitro culture which is suitable for the analysis of protective subunits, presented in a soluble form. Spleen cells from Mycobacterium bovis BCG-immune mice, enriched for T cells and depleted of adherent cells on a column of G-10 Sephadex, were cultured for periods varying between 3 and 14 days before transfer and challenge with M. tuberculosis in irradiated hosts. Following 10 days in culture, immune T cells sustained their capacity to transfer protection to tuberculous infection when incubated in the presence of either live BCG or a soluble extract from M. tuberculosis, but lost this ability when cultured in the absence of antigen, or in the presence of the polyclonal mitogen concanavalin A. One immunodominanl antigen, represented by the recombinant 38-kD antigen, failed to sustain the adoptive protection, despite pronounced stimulation of lymphoproliferation in culture. Antigenic in vitro stimulation of protective T cells was accompanied by enhanced responsiveness to exogenous IL-2. The experimental system described may be generally suitable to test in vitro the protective potentials of soluble molecular subunits of mycobacteria.
Ro/SSA inhibits the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction
Authors: KARSH J , HARLEY J B , GOLDSTEIN R , LAZAROVITS A I 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYTo test the hypothesis that the Ro/SSA autoantigen can be recognized as antigenic by the human immune system, lymphocytes obtained from normal volunteers were used in in vitro assays evaluating the ability of Ro/SSA (mol. wt 60 kD) to induce B and/or T cell responses. Bovine Ro/SSA strongly inhibited the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in a dose-dependent manner without similar effects on concurrently performed allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions or T cell proliferation induced by phytohaemagglutinin. Using three colour FACS analysis, Ro/SSA was found to decrease the percentage of CD4+CD45+RA+ T cells in the proliferative, S+(G2+ M), phase of the cell cycle. Associated with the decrease in the percentage of suppressor-inducer cells, was the finding that Ro/ SSA was able to augment RF production in pokeweed mitogen stimulated cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Role of tumour necrosis factor and reactive oxygen intermediates in lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary oedema and lethality
Authors: GATTI S , FAGGIONI R , ECHTENACHER B , GHEZZI P 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to characterize the role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and neutrophils (PMN) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary oedema induced by endotoxin (lipopolysac-charide (LPS)). Intraperitoneal administration to BALB/c mice of 0–6–1 mg of LPS caused pulmonary oedema and lethality. This was associated with production of TNF in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and with accumulation of PMN in the lung. In this experimental model, we could block TNF production by different means: pretreatment 30 min before LPS with 4 mg/kg of i.p. chlorpromazine (CPZ), 3 mg/kg of i.p. dexamethasone (DEX), 1 g/kg p.o. of N-acctylcysteine (NAC, an antioxidant precursor of glutathione), or an anti-TNF MoAb. CPZ, DEX and anti-TNF completely prevented LPS lethality but not pulmonary oedema or pulmonary PMN infiltration, indicating that: (i) lung oedema is not the main cause of death after LPS; and (ii) lung oedema induced by LPS is not mediated by TNF. Pretreatment with NAC not only inhibited TNF production but also protected against LPS-induced pulmonary oedema, indicating that reactive oxygen intermediates are implicated. NAC also blocked TNF production in blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage. We also tested the effect of PMN depletion induced with cyclophosphamide (CP) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). While no pulmonary PMN infiltrate was observed in PMN-depleted mice, neutropenia did not prevent LPS lethality or oedema, indicating PMN do not play an important role in the toxic effects of LPS in this experimental model.
The putative oncoprotein DEK, part of a chimera protein associated with acute myeloid leukaemia, is an autoantigen in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: SIERAKOWSKA H , WILLIAMS K R , SZER I S , SZER W 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe 45-kD autoantigen associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) has been isolated from HeLa cell nuclei and purified about 2500-fold to near homogeneity in a five-step chromatographic procedure. Purification of the antigen was monitored by immunoblot assays using a nearly monospecific anti-45-kD serum from a child with JRA. Tryptic peptide mapping and partial amino acid sequencing of the purified 45-kD antigen demonstrated its identity with the DEK protein. DEK is a 43-kD protein of unknown function expressed by the putative oncogene dek located on chromosome 6. As a result of a (6;9) translocation associated with a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia a chimeric protein containing most of DEK amino acids at the N-terminus is found in leukaemic cells (von Linden et al., Mol Cell Biol. 1992; 12: 1687–97). The 43-kD DEK was detected by immunoblotting with serum from a patient with JRA in a variety of rat tissues, and was most abundant in the spleen and in bone marrow.
The γδ T cell repertoire in Graves' disease and multinodular goitre
Authors: McINTOSH R S , TANDON N , PICKERILL A P , DAVIES R , BARNETT D , WEETMAN A P 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYγδ T cells are a subset of T cells with unknown function, and restriction of the γδ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire has been described in rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Elevated numbers of γδ cells have been reported in the peripheral blood and thyroids of patients with Graves' disease. We have carried out flow cytometric analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and intrathyroidal lymphocytes (ITL) from 12 patients with Graves' disease and nine patients with multinodular goitre (MNG). a thyroid disease of unknown etiology. There was no significant difference between the proportion of γδ T cells in the PBMC of Graves' and MNG patients, nor between the PBMC and ITL populations in either patient group. We have also carried out polymerase chain reaction amplification on RNA prepared from matched PBMC. ITL and the activated (CD25+) subset of ITL using six TCR γδ-family specific primers. Although there were differences in the amounts of each γδ transcript amplified from PBMC and ITL, there was no difference between the two patient groups. No consistent differences were therefore found between the γδ T cell populations in Graves' and MNG patients, arguing against the direct involvement of this T cell subset in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease.
Bone marrow transplantation therapy using resistant donors for retrovirus-induced leukaemia in mice
Authors: IWAI H , DAY N K , HAMADA N , INABA M M , IKEHARA S , GOOD R A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYInfection with Rauscher leukaemia virus (RLV) causes erythroleukaemia, anaemia, viraemia, and splenomegaly, features which develop very quickly in mice of strains susceptible to RLV but more slowly or not al all in strains resistant to RLV. We compared the effects of hone marrow transplantation (BMT) of donor cells obtained from a mouse strain resistant lo the virus with the effects of BMT of donor cells obtained from strains susceptible to the virus, in recipient virus-susceptible mice which had previously been inoculated with RLV. Our results indicated that bone marrow transplantation from a marrow-resistant donor, but not from a susceptible donor, delayed the expression of leukaemia and delayed death, although such treatment did not appear to inhibit viral infection in susceptible recipients.
Influence of theIty/Lsh/Bcggene on the development of suppressor cell precursors in the early phase of the infection of mice withMycobacterium lepraemurium
Authors: GOSSELIN D , TURCOTTE R , LEMIEUX S 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn vitro inducible suppressor cell precursors were detected in the spleen of BALB/c but not in DBA/2 mice infected intraperitoneally with 108Mycobacterium lepraemurium bacilli, thus suggesting that their development is genetically controlled. Two pairs of mouse strains congenic at the Ity/Lsh/Bcg locus (BALB/c-C.D2 and B10.A-B10.A.Beg) were used to investigate whether this phenomenon is influenced by this gene known to control the relative susceptibility of mice to Myco. lepraemurium infection. This seems likely, as the detection of culture-induced suppressor activity was delayed for 5–6 weeks in C.D2 and B10.A.Bcgr mice infected intravenously with 104Myco. lepraemurium bacilli. However, despite the retardation in the detection of suppressor cell precursors, the level of in vitro induced suppressor activity at onset in spleen cell suspensions of mice carrying the resistant allele was higher than in cell cultures derived from susceptible mice. As the resistant allele has a different effect when found on BALB/c or DBA/2 background, other genetic factors are apparently involved in the development of suppressor cell precursors. We finally observed that, in spleen cell cultures from intravenously infected Ity/Lsh/Bcg congenic mice on the BALB/c background, adherent and non-adherent cells were required in the inductive phase of suppressor cell development, whereas in vitro induced suppressor activity was found exclusively in the adherent cell fraction. Given these properties, we thus conclude that suppressor cell precursors detected in the spleen of these intravenously infected mice are similar to those previously observed in C3H mice infected intraperitoneally with a thousand times more bacilli.
The immunomodulatory activity of human amniotic fluid can be correlated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and β2 activity
Authors: LANG A K , SEARLE R F 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe role of alphafetoprotein (AFP) in the immunomodulatory activity of amniotic fluids (AE) from normally progressing human pregnancy (weeks 14–16) was investigated. A panel or42 AF (25% v/v) reduced significantly phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation in serum-free cultures with a mean per cent inhibition of 68·4 ± 5·5%. In contrast, AEP preparations, with one exception (U.AFP), failed to display inhibitory activity. Pretreatment of AF with anti-TGF-β1 and β2 antibodies used alone resulted in the mean per cent loss of inhibition of 33·1 ± 3·9% and 52·3 ± 7·5%, respectively. A summative loss of AF-mediated inhibition was detected when anti-TGF-β1 and β2 antibodies were used in combination, but immunomodulation was rarely abolished 100% by this treatment. Anti-TGE-β2 antibody treatment, unlike anti-TGF-β1 antibody treatment, reversed the inhibitory activity of U.AFP. The amount of TGF-β1 and β2 contained in human AF was studied by growth inhibition of Mv1 Lu cells. The mean levels of TGF-β1 and β2 in AF were 11 ± 0·9 U/ml and 2·3 ± 0·4 U/mI, respectively, which corresponds with a mean per cent inhibition of 49 ±4·7%. U.AFP also significantly inhibited Mv1 Lu cell growth. To investigate the mechanism of AF-mediated inhibition, the effect of AF and AEP on IL-2 production by concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated PBMC blasts was determined by the CTLL-2 cell bioassay. IL-2 production was reduced 55·5% in AF-treated blasts and 61% in U.AEP-treated blasts compared with controls. Our findings indicate that the immunomodulatory activity of human AF can be correlated with TGE-β1 and β2 and not with AFP, the inhibitory activity of U.AFP preparation reflecting copurifying TGF-β2 activity.
Analysis of idiotope structure of ovarian cancer antibodies: recognition of the same epitope by two monoclonal antibodies differing mainly in their heavy chain variable sequences
Authors: SLOBBE R , POELS L , TEN DAM G , BOERMAN O , NIELAND L , LEUNISSENJ J , RAMAEKERS F , VAN EYS G 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYTwo MoAbs, independently raised against ovarian carcinoma cells and referred to as OV-TL3 and OV-TL16, display an identical reaction pattern with a membrane-associated protein in both normal and malignant ovarian cells. Also, a similar binding affinity constant and a similar number of binding sites per cell indicate that both MoAbs bind to the same antigen. Competition assays reveal that OV-TLI6 is able to compete with OV-TL3 for binding to OVCAR-3 cells. Epitope mapping using a filamentous phage hexapeptide epitope library showed that both MoAbs are able to select identical phages, suggesting that their epitopes are identical or at least overlapping. However, purified polyclonal and monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against OV-TL3 failed lo recognize the OV-TL16 idiotype, indicating that the structure of the antigen-binding regions of both antibodies is distinct. This was corroborated by molecular cloning and sequencing of the variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain immunogiobulin regions of both MoAbs. The VH regions of both antibodies were found to be distinct, whereas the VL regions are almost identical. Computer modelling of the idiotypes suggests that the complementarity determining regions (CDR), with the exception of VHCDR3, have (almost) identical spatial configurations. Our data indicate that, although structurally different in their VH regions, OV-TL3 and OV-TL16 are able to bind to identical epitopic regions on the antigen, because differences in primary structure do not exclude the formation of sufficient and similar spatial structures for the interaction with an epitope.
Soluble CD4 antigen reactivity in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations: is it specific?
Authors: Perosa F , Rizzi R , Pulpito V , Dammacco F 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYSoluble CD4 antigen (sCD4) was measured in seven commercially available intravenous immunoglobulin preparations (IVIg) by means of a double determinant immunoassay (DDIA), whereby two MoAbs recognizing two distinct and spatially distant epitopes on CD4 were used to capture and detect the antigen, respectively, Preincubation of six out of seven IVIg, which were found to be apparently positive for sCD4, with mouse- and bovine-derived serum or purified immunoglobulins completely neutralized DDIA reactivity for sCD4. The inhibition was specific since it was not or only partially observed when IVIg were mixed with whole serum or purified IgG from rabbit. Extensive absorption of six IVIg on insolubilized mouse IgG (mIgG) resulted in a complete loss of reactivity. Eluted human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) from any of the IVIg displayed a dose-dependent binding in a DDIA, though its extent varied from one preparation to another. Western blot analysis showed that HAMA from all IVIg contained no component with a molecular weight identical with or close to that of recombinant CD4. Purified mIgG markedly influenced the sCD4 reactivity of two IVIg (Sandoglobulin and Globuman I.V.) when sCD4 was measured with a purchased ‘CD4-specific Test Kit’, thus suggesting that HAMA can exceed the absorbing capacity of the sample diluent. Taken as a whole, these data indicate that sCD4-based DDIA signal is mostly, if not completely, generated by the presence of human immunoglobulin with anti-mouse immunoglobulin reactivity, thus casting doubts on the actual occurrence of sCD4 in IVIg.
Response ofscidmice to establishment ofLeishmania majorinfection
Authors: GUY R A , BELOSEVIC M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe initiation of Leishmania major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice is regulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). To examine further the mechanisms of IFN-γ-dependent regulation of the establishment of L. major, we studied the characteristics of the infection in severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. In the first 2 weeks of infection, we observed a delay in the development of the lesions in the footpads and lower numbers of parasites in scid compared with BALB/c mice. By week 5 after infection, the size of the leishmanial lesion was similar in both strains of mice, but the number of parasites in scid mice was 100-fold higher than in BALB/c. Treatment with anti-IFN-γ during the establishment of L. major did not alter the course of infection in scid mice, while it exacerbated lesion development in BALB/c mice. Macrophages from scid mice were unable to kill L. major when stimulated with IFN–γin vitro, and produced lower levels of nitric oxide compared with macrophages from susceptible BALB/c or the resistant C57B1/6 mice. We examined whether delayed lesion development in scid mice was due to their inability to mount appropriate inflammatory responses. While significantly fewer nucleated cells were present in the footpads of scid mice compared with BALB/c. 2 and 3 weeks after infection, no difference in inflammatory response between scid and BALB/c mice was observed in response to L. major antigen in the footpads. In contrast, there was a dramatic increase in the number of cells in the popliteal lymph nodes of BALB/c mice. Decreased inflammatory responses of scid mice in the footpad (at the site of infection) may contribute to slower development of leishmanial lesions during the first 2 weeks of infection.