bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eight-year nationwide study of the bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes and depression in nearly 8 million German outpatients
Authors: Chae Woo Ri , Kohring Claudia , Rohde Christopher , Köhler-Forsberg Ole , Otte Christian , Holstiege Jakob 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionResearch linking type 2 diabetes and depression mostly relied on hospital-based diagnoses or prescription data, overlooking many outpatient diagnoses. We aimed to quantify the risks of depression in individuals newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes in those newly diagnosed with depression, while exploring potential risk differences depending on age, sex, and follow-up time.Research design and methodsWe conducted a matched cohort study using German nationwide outpatient claims data from 2012 to 2022. Participants were individuals newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (N=294 642) or depression (N=1 271 537) in 2015, matched in a 1:4 ratio to controls without these conditions by age, sex, and region. The bidirectional risk was evaluated over an 8-year period using mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for the Charlson Comorbidity Index, urbanicity, and area-level deprivation.ResultsNew type 2 diabetes diagnosis was associated with higher depression risk over 8 years (N=54 561 with depression, HR=1.23, 99% CI=1.21 to 1.24). Similarly, depression diagnosis was linked to an increased type 2 diabetes risk (N=71 848 with type 2 diabetes, HR=1.15, 99% CI=1.14 to 1.17). The association between depression and type 2 diabetes was stronger in younger age groups, especially under 34 years. Findings held across sex-stratified analyses. Time stratification showed a more pronounced association between type 2 diabetes and depression risk during the earlier follow-up quarters, whereas the risk of developing type 2 diabetes after depression diagnosis remained constant throughout the follow-up period.ConclusionsOur findings confirm a bidirectional link between type 2 diabetes and depression, particularly in younger individuals. As type 2 diabetes and depression are frequent, future research needs to study whether preventive approaches can reduce the risk of developing this comorbidity.
From legacy to integration in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative: looking back to look forward
Authors: Closser Svea , Neel Abigail H , Gerber Sue , Alonge Olakunle 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) is a global single-disease programme with an extensive infrastructure in some of the world’s most underserved areas. It provides a key example of the opportunities and challenges of transition efforts—the process of shifting from donor-funded, single-disease programmes to programmes with more integrated and sustainable programmatic and funding streams. Our goal is to closely analyse the social and political dynamics of the polio transition in the 2010s to provide insights into today, as well as lessons for other programmes.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with GPEI officials involved in transition planning across GPEI partner agencies (n=11). We also drew on document review and interviews with national and subnational actors in Nigeria, India, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We inductively analysed this material to capture emergent themes in the evolution of transition activities in the GPEI.ResultsSince the mid-2010s, GPEI actors expressed concern that polio’s assets should not be lost when polio was eradicated. Planning for polio’s legacy, however, proved complicated. The GPEI’s commitment to and focus on eradication had taken precedence over strong collaborations outside the polio programme, making building alliances for transition challenging. There were also complex questions around who should be responsible for the transition process, and which agencies would ultimately pay for and deliver polio-funded functions. Current efforts to achieve ‘integration’ both have great promise and must grapple with these same issues.DiscussionWithin the GPEI, relinquishing control to other programmes and planning for significant, long-term funding for transition will be central to achieving successful integration and eventual transition. Beyond polio, other vertical programmes can benefit from going beyond transition ‘planning’ to integrate transition into the initial design of vertical programmes.
Furfuryl-pyridinium-functionalization of flaxseed gum for effective methylene blue removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Venegas-García Deysi J. , Mir Mariam , Steiger Bernd G.K. , Wilson Lee D. 
Published: May 2024

This study describes the modification of flaxseed gum (FSG) via furfural to obtain a furfuryl-pyridinium modified adsorbent (Flax-Py) with improved adsorption characteristics towards methylene blue (MB) versus results obtained for unmodified FSG. Materials characterization was achieved via complementary spectral methods (NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FT-IR, Raman, and XRD) as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ζ-potential measurements. Synthetic modification of FSG to yield Flax-Py that led to enriched N-content (2.75 atom-% vs. 0.76 atom-% for FSG), and the conversion of furfuryl to pyridinium was incomplete (∼50%), where both moieties were identified. The adsorption isotherms at pH 7 showed that FSG possessed favorably high MB adsorption capacity (∼540 mg/g), while the adsorption capacity of Flax-Py was notably lower (167 mg/g). Flax-Py facilitated 100% MB removal at low dye concentrations (1–10 mg/L) versus 50% MB removal for the FSG bioadsorbent. Further, Flax-Py showed moderate loss of adsorption with MB (∼12%–16% dye removal) after five regeneration cycles. Flax-Py revealed improved settling characteristics (time, density, gelation, and solubility) that facilitate enhanced phase separation of FSG fractions by circumventing the need for centrifugation. The adsorption mechanism was attributed primarily to H-bonding effects with secondary contributions due to electrostatic interactions (negative ζ-potential above pH 4.2). This study successfully modified FSG to obtain an improved adsorbent (Flax-Py) attaining nearly quantitative MB dye removal at environmentally relevant concentrations (<15 mg/L).
Measuring Unruh radiation from accelerated electrons
Authors: Gregori G. , Marocco G. , Sarkar S. , Bingham R. , Wang C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDetecting thermal Unruh radiation from accelerated electrons has presented a formidable challenge due not only to technical difficulties but also for lack of conceptual clarity about what is actually seen by a laboratory observer. We give a summary of the current interpretations along with a simpler heuristic description that draws on the analogy between the Unruh effect and radiation from a two-level atomic system. We propose an experiment to test whether there is emission of thermal photons from an accelerated electron.
Exploring wormholes in f(R,T) gravity
Authors: Pradhan Anirudh , Dixit Archana , Ali Akram , Banerjee Ayan 
Published: May 2024

The concept of wormholes is still hypothetical in physics but attractive among researchers. In this work, motivated by the important effect of [Formula: see text] gravity theory, we seek the existence of wormhole solutions. We consider the field equations that can be derived from two different choices of matter Lagrangian density and utilize them to find the possibility of having some wormhole geometry. This procedure is based on the specific choice of an equation-of-state that obeys a certain physical requirement on the matter stress-energy [S. Kar and D. Sahdev, Restricted class of traversable wormholes with traceless matter, Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995) 2030]. For this purpose, the functional form of the redshift function is taken into consideration, and the possible existence of wormhole solutions is proven. Finally, the work examines the energy conditions and shows that violations of null energy conditions hold throughout spacetime.
WiVelo: Fine-grained Wi-Fi Walking Velocity Estimation
Authors: Cao Zhichao , Li Chenning , Liu Li , Zhang Mi 
Published: May 2024

Passive human tracking using Wi-Fi has been researched broadly in the past decade. Besides straightforward anchor point localization, velocity is another vital sign adopted by the existing approaches to infer user trajectory. However, state-of-the-art Wi-Fi velocity estimation relies on Doppler-Frequency-Shift (DFS), which suffers from the inevitable signal noise incurring unbounded velocity errors, further degrading the tracking accuracy. In this article, we present WiVelo, which explores new spatial-temporal signal correlation features observed from different antennas to achieve accurate velocity estimation. First, we use subcarrier shift distribution (SSD) extracted from channel state information (CSI) to define two correlation features for direction and speed estimation, separately. Then, we design a mesh model calculated by the antennas’ locations to enable a fine-grained velocity estimation with bounded direction error. Finally, with the continuously estimated velocity, we develop an end-to-end trajectory recovery algorithm to mitigate velocity outliers with the property of walking velocity continuity. We implement WiVelo on commodity Wi-Fi hardware and extensively evaluate its tracking accuracy in various environments. The experimental results show our median and 90-percentile tracking errors are 0.47 m and 1.06 m, which are half and a quarter of state-of-the-art. The datasets and source codes are published through Github (
https://github.com/research-source/code
).
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hypertension-Treated Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: The VALUE Trial
Authors: Vrsalovic Mislav , Heimark Sondre , Søraas Camilla L. , Mehlum Maria H. , Kjeldsen Sverre E. , Mancia Giuseppe , Julius Stevo , Weber Michael A. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Systolic blood pressure (BP) is a key predictor of cardiovascular events, but patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are rarely included in hypertension trials. The VALUE trial (Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-Term Use Evaluation) investigated the long-term effects of valsartan- or amlodipine-based treatments on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension with a high cardiovascular risk. The aim of this subanalysis was to clarify the relationship between achieved BP on treatment and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension with PAD.

METHODS:
Patients were followed for 4 to 6 years, and BP was measured regularly. The primary end point was time to the first major adverse cardiovascular event, including myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death, and heart failure requiring hospitalization. Statistical analyses were performed using Cox regression, adjusting for various baseline covariates.

RESULTS:

Of the 13 803 participants, 1898 (13.8%) had PAD. During a median follow-up of 4.5 years, patients with PAD had a 23% increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared with patients without PAD. Patients with an achieved systolic BP <130 mm Hg and 130 to 139 mm Hg, compared with those with systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg, were associated with a decreased risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (hazard ratio, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.43–0.97];
P
=0.037; 0.85 [95% CI, 0.74–0.97];
P
=0.016, respectively). Additionally, systolic BP <130 mm Hg was associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.12–0.92];
P
=0.034). The incidence of the primary outcome did not differ between antihypertensive treatment regimens (
P
=0.365).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicate that more intensive BP control is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertensive PAD.
Angiotensin-(1-12): Does It Exist? A Critical Evaluation in Humans, Rats, and Mice
Authors: Rodrigues André F. , Domenig Oliver , Poglitsch Marko , Bader Michael , Danser A.H. Jan 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Angiotensin-(1-12), measured by a self-developed, polyclonal antibody-based radioimmunoassay, has been suggested to act as an alternative precursor of angiotensin II. A more reliable detection method would be liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

METHODS:
We set up the quantification of human and murine angiotensin-(1-12) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and then used this method to measure angiotensin-(1-12) in human, rat, and mouse blood samples, as well as in mouse brain, mouse kidney, and rat heart. We also verified ex vivo angiotensin-(1-12) generation and metabolism in human blood samples incubated at 37 °C.

RESULTS:
Stabilization of blood in guanidine hydrochloride was chosen for sample collection since this allowed full recovery of spiked angiotensin-(1-12). Angiotensin-(1-12) was undetectable in human blood samples when incubating nonstabilized plasma at 37 °C, while angiotensin-(1-12) added to nonstabilized human plasma disappeared within 10 minutes. Stabilized human blood samples contained angiotensin II, while angiotensin-(1-12) was undetectable. Blood, hearts, and kidneys, but not brains, of wild-type mice and rats contained detectable levels of angiotensin II, while angiotensin-(1-12) was undetectable. In renin knockout mice, all angiotensins, including angiotensin-(1-12), were undetectable at all sites, despite a 50% rise in angiotensinogen. Angiotensin-(1-12) metabolism in human blood plasma was not affected by renin inhibition. Yet, blockade of angiotensin-converting enzyme and aminopeptidase A, but not of chymase, neutral endopeptidase, or prolyl oligopeptidase, prolonged the half-life of angiotensin-(1-12), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition prevented the formation of angiotensin II.

CONCLUSIONS:
We were unable to detect intact angiotensin-(1-12) in humans, rats, and mice, either in blood or tissue, suggesting that this metabolite is an unlikely source of endogenous angiotensins.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mortality and Functional Outcomes Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Becerril-Gaitan Andrea , Mokua Collins , Liu Collin , Nguyen Tien , Shaker Faris , Nguyen Justin , Gusdon Aaron M. , Brown Robert J. , Cochran Joseph , Blackburn Spiros , Chen Peng Roc , Dannenbaum Mark , Choi Huimahn A. , Chen Ching-Jen 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence tends to be higher among minority racial and ethnic groups. The effect of race and ethnicity following an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to explore the association between race and ethnicity and aSAH outcomes.

METHODS:
Single-center retrospective review of patients with aSAH from January 2009 to March 2023. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included delayed cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, radiographic and symptomatic vasospasm, pulmonary complications, epileptic seizures, external ventricular drain placement, and modified Rankin Scale score at discharge and 3-month follow-up. Associations between race and ethnicity and outcomes were assessed using binary and ordinal regression models, with multivariable models adjusted for significant covariates.

RESULTS:

A total of 1325 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage presented to our center. Among them, 443 cases were excluded, and data from 882 patients with radiographically confirmed aSAH were analyzed. Distribution by race and ethnicity was 40.8% (n=360) White, 31.4% (n=277) Hispanic, 22.1% (n=195) Black, and 5.7% (n=50) Asian. Based on Hunt-Hess and modified Fisher grade, aSAH severity was similar among groups (
P
=0.269 and
P
=0.469, respectively). In-hospital mortality rates were highest for Asian (14.0%) and Hispanic (11.2%) patients; however, after adjusting for patient sex, age, health insurance, smoking history, alcohol and substance abuse, and aneurysm treatment, the overall likelihood was comparable to White patients. Hispanic patients had higher risks of developing cerebral infarction (adjusted odds ratio, 2.17 [1.20–3.91]) and symptomatic vasospasm (adjusted odds ratio, 1.64 [1.05–2.56]) than White patients and significantly worse discharge modified Rankin Scale scores (adjusted odds ratio, 1.44 [1.05–1.99]). Non-White patients also demonstrated a lower likelihood of 0 to 2 discharge modified Rankin Scale scores (adjusted odds ratio, 0.71 [0.50–0.98]). No significant interactions between race and ethnicity and age or sex were found for in-hospital mortality and functional outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study identified significant differences in cerebral infarction and symptomatic vasospasm risk between Hispanic and White patients following aSAH. A higher likelihood of worse functional outcomes at discharge was found among non-White patients. These findings emphasize the need to better understand predisposing risk factors that may influence aSAH outcomes. Efforts toward risk stratification and patient-centered management should be pursued.
Ontogeny and phylogeny of the genus Solus Watson, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Authors: Liu Zhengyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Preimaginal stages of the enigmatic genus Solus Watson, 1913 are described for the first time, based on a completed life history of a representative species Solus parvifenestratus Bryk, 1944 fed with Camphora officinarum, with a report on testing of alternative potential host plants. The complete mitochondrial genomes are produced for two species within the genus and they are used to construct phylogenetic hypothesis and analyze nucleotide diversity. The alternative hypotheses derived from the molecular analyses are discussed in light of 14 morphological and biological features, the optimal result supports Solus to be the sister group of Saturniini + Attacini and justifies the establishment of the tribe Solini within the subfamily Saturniinae.
Factors Associated With Additional Axillary Disease in Patients With Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Johnson Natalie C. , Kornfeld Hannah , Gonzalez Lorena , Mora Hannah , Shah Nikita , Jones Veronica C. , Schulz-Costello Katharine 
Published: May 2024

Background: In previous studies, breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node(s) (SLN) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) frequently had additional nonSLN involvement. Per guidelines, residual SLN disease warrants completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND), which has increased morbidity. Given recent improvements in NAC, we hypothesized that nonSLN positivity may be lower than previously reported for certain subgroups. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed breast cancer patients who received NAC and had positive lymph nodes on SLN biopsy or targeted axillary dissection and underwent cALND at one institution in 1/2018-8/2023. Associations between nonSLN positivity and clinicopathologic factors were assessed with Fisher’s exact test and multivariable logistic regression. Results: There were 122 female patients. Median age was 48 years. Initially, 15 patients (12.3%) were cN0 and 107 patients (87.7%) were cN1. Largest SLN deposit was macrometastasis in 96 patients (78.7%), micrometastasis in 23 patients (18.9%), and isolated tumor cells in 3 patients (2.5%). Overall, 53 patients (43.4%) had nonSLN involvement. NonSLN positivity was higher in patients with cN1, ER+ HER2-, ypT2-3, SLN macrometastasis, and multiple positive SLN. On multivariable analysis, cN1 and ER+ HER2- remained associated with nonSLN positivity. Discussion: Among patients with positive SLN after NAC, clinically node positive and ER+ HER2- patients were more likely to have nonSLN involvement. Our findings support guidelines to consider omitting cALND in clinically node negative patients. With improving NAC, optimal axillary sampling, and radiation, omitting cALND may be safe in some clinically node positive triple negative or HER2+ patients with low volume residual disease, but further research is needed.
Same-day Discharge for Cleft Palate Repair: A Single-Surgeon Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Diaz Allison L. , Groysman Leya , Camison Liliana , Flores Roberto L. , Staffenberg David A. 
Published: May 2024

Objective To evaluate the safety of same-day discharge for patients undergoing primary cleft palate repair Design Single-surgeon retrospective review Setting Tertiary care institution Patients/Participants 40 consecutive patients that underwent primary cleft palate repair by a single surgeon from September 2018 to June 2023 Interventions Same-day discharge versus overnight admission after primary palatoplasty Main Outcome Measures 30-day readmission, reoperation, wound and all-cause complication rate and 1-year fistula incidence Results Of 40 total cases, 20 patients were discharged on the same calendar day and 20 patients were admitted for overnight stay following primary cleft palate repair. In the same-day discharge group, readmission incidence was 10%(n = 2), wound complication incidence was 5%(n = 1), and postoperative complication incidence was 15%(n = 3). In comparison, patients admitted overnight had a readmission incidence of 5%(n = 1, P = 1.00), wound complication incidence of 10%(n = 2, P = 1.00), and postoperative complications of 20%(n = 4, P = 1.00) No patients had 30-day reoperations or fistulas at 1 year. A higher proportion of admitted patients held a preoperative diagnosis of unilateral cleft palate and alveolus (Veau 3) as compared to patients discharged on the same day ( P = .019). During the postoperative hospital course, admitted patients received significantly more oxycodone at median of 2 doses (IQR 1.00–3.75) and acetaminophen at a median of 4 doses (IQR 3.00–5.00) than patients with same-day discharge with a median of 1 dose (IQR 0.00 –1.00, P < .001). Conclusions In a low-risk patient population, same-day discharge following primary cleft palate repair may be safely undertaken and result in similar short-term outcomes and 1-year fistula incidence as patients admitted for overnight stay.
A Comprehensive Pathophysiologic, Histologic, and Biochemical Analysis of Buthus paris (C. L. Koch, 1839) Venom
Authors: Elmourid Abdessamad , Elhidan My Abdelmonaim , Boussaa Samia , Laaradia Mehdi Ait , Bouimeja Btissam , Amahmid Omar , Merzouki Mohamed , Touloun Oulaid 
Published: May 2024

Introduction Buthus species, including B paris, are classified as one of the most dangerous scorpion genera in Morocco, implicated in several cases of human death. Our objective is to characterize, for the first time, the toxicity and histopathologic and biochemical impacts of B paris venom. Methods We investigated the experimental pathophysiology of B paris venom by examining histologic changes in vital organs (heart, kidneys, liver, and lungs) and assessing biochemical enzymatic markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, urea, and creatinine) in mice injected subcutaneously with 2 doses of 400 and 450 mg·kg–1. Results Our results showed that the subcutaneous median lethal dose of B paris venom was around 0.52 mg·kg–1. Histologic findings revealed significant tissue damage in the previously mentioned vital organs, confirmed through biochemical analysis indicating impaired heart and liver functions. Additionally, an increase in urea, creatinine, and glucose levels occurred following B paris venom injection. Conclusion Our findings show that B paris venom exhibits a high level of experimental toxicity. These results highlight the potentially lethal nature of this venom and emphasize the potential medical importance of this species.