bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intersectional race–gender stereotypes in natural language
Authors: Bao Han‐Wu‐Shuang , Gries Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHow are Asian and Black men and women stereotyped? Research from the gendered race and stereotype content perspectives has produced mixed empirical findings. Using BERT models pre‐trained on English language books, news articles, Wikipedia, Reddit and Twitter, with a new method for measuring propositions in natural language (the Fill‐Mask Association Test, FMAT), we explored the gender (masculinity–femininity), physical strength, warmth and competence contents of stereotypes about Asian and Black men and women. We find that Asian men (but not women) are stereotyped as less masculine and less moral/trustworthy than Black men. Compared to Black men and Black women, respectively, both Asian men and Asian women are stereotyped as less muscular/athletic and less assertive/dominant, but more sociable/friendly and more capable/intelligent. These findings suggest that Asian and Black stereotypes in natural language have multifaceted contents and gender nuances, requiring a balanced view integrating the gender schema theory and the stereotype content model. Exploring their semantic representations as propositions in large language models, this research reveals how intersectional race–gender stereotypes are naturally expressed in real life.
Microwave ablation combined with PD‐L1 blockade synergistically promotes Cxcl9‐mediated antitumor immunity
Authors: He Ningning , Huang Hao , Wu Shaoxian , Ji Weipeng , Tai Yicheng , Gao Ruicheng , Liu Yingting , Liu Yungang , Chen Lujun , Zhu Dawei , Zheng Xiao , Jiang Jingting 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough microwave ablation (MWA) is an important curative therapy in colorectal cancer liver metastasis, recurrence still occurs clinically. Our previous studies have shown that the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is upregulated following MWA, suggesting that MWA combined with anti‐PD‐L1 treatment can serve as a promising clinical therapeutic strategy against cancer. Using MWA‐treated preclinical mice models, MWA combined with αPD‐L1 treatment decreased tumor growth and prolonged overall survival (OS). Furthermore, through flow cytometry and single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis, we determined that the MWA plus αPD‐L1 therapy significantly suppressed CD8+ T cell exhaustion and enhanced their effector function. A significant increase in γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ) stimulated transcription factors, specifically Irf8, was observed. This enhancement facilitated the polarization of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM1s and TAM2s) through the nuclear factor‐κB/JAK‐STAT1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the combination therapy stimulated the production of CXC motif chemokine ligand (CXCL9) by TAM1s and tumor cells, potentially increasing the chemotaxis of CD8 T cells and Th1 cells. Knocking out Cxcl9 in MC38 tumor cells or using CXCL9 blockade enhanced tumor growth of untreated tumors and shortened OS. Taken together, our study showed that blocking the IFN‐γ‐Cxcl9‐CD8+ T axis promoted tumor progression and discovered a potential involvement of IRF8‐regulated TAMs in preventing T cell exhaustion. Collectively, we identified that the combination of MWA with anti‐PD‐L1 treatment holds promise as a therapeutic strategy to rejuvenate the immune response against tumors. This merits further exploration in clinical studies.
Anticancer mechanisms of β‐carbolines
Authors: Mishra Shivam , Gupta Aditi , Jain Shweta , Vaidya Ankur 
Published: April 2024

Abstractβ‐Carboline nucleus is therapeutically valuable in medicinal chemistry for the treatment of varied number of diseases, most importantly cancer. The potent and wide‐ranging activity of β‐carboline has established them as imperative pharmacological scaffolds especially in the cancer treatment. Numerous derivatives such as Tetrahydro β‐carbolines, metal complexed β‐carbolines, mono, di and tri substituted β‐carbolines have been reported to possess dynamic anticancer activity. These different substituted β‐carboline derivatives had shown different mechanism of action and plays important role in anticancer drug discovery and development. The review is an update of the chemistry of β‐carbolines, both synthetic and natural origin acting through various targets against cancerous cells. In addition to this, studies of multitarget molecules designed by coupling β‐carbolines along with other mechanisms for treatment of neoplasm are also summarized.
Developmental links between ethnic and racial discrimination and sleep
Authors: Yip Tiffany , Yan Jinjin , Johnson Shadane , Bae Jiwoon , Lorenzo Kyle , Ruedas‐Gracia Nidia , Zhao Zhenqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA robust literature is developing around how the stress of discrimination is implicated in individual‐ and group‐level sleep disturbances, and how these disturbances contribute to the development of population‐level sleep disparities over time. Although discrimination can be based on many individual and intersecting biases, like gender, sexuality, socioeconomic status, and education, in this article, we focus on discrimination rooted in ethnicity and race because of the well‐founded documentation of disparities in sleep by race. Focusing primarily on adolescence and young adulthood, we integrate research linking ethnic and racial discrimination to sleep across a variety of methods and developmental time spans, ending with reflections on interventions. In so doing, we seek to advance research and encourage conversations that cross‐fertilize collaborations between those with interests in discrimination, sleep, and population‐level health equity.
GANtlitz: Ultra High Resolution Generative Model for Multi‐Modal Face Textures
Authors: Gruber A. , Collins E. , Meka A. , Mueller F. , Sarkar K. , Orts‐Escolano S. , Prasso L. , Busch J. , Gross M. , Beeler T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh‐resolution texture maps are essential to render photoreal digital humans for visual effects or to generate data for machine learning. The acquisition of high resolution assets at scale is cumbersome, it involves enrolling a large number of human subjects, using expensive multi‐view camera setups, and significant manual artistic effort to align the textures. To alleviate these problems, we introduce GANtlitz (A play on the german noun Antlitz, meaning face), a generative model that can synthesize multi‐modal ultra‐high‐resolution face appearance maps for novel identities. Our method solves three distinct challenges: 1) unavailability of a very large data corpus generally required for training generative models, 2) memory and computational limitations of training a GAN at ultra‐high resolutions, and 3) consistency of appearance features such as skin color, pores and wrinkles in high‐resolution textures across different modalities. We introduce dual‐style blocks, an extension to the style blocks of the StyleGAN2 architecture, which improve multi‐modal synthesis. Our patch‐based architecture is trained only on image patches obtained from a small set of face textures (<100) and yet allows us to generate seamless appearance maps of novel identities at 6k × 4k resolution. Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations and baseline comparisons show the efficacy of our proposed system. (see https://www.acm.org/publications/class-2012)
Linking caregiving quality during infancy to brain activity in early childhood and later executive function
Authors: Wade Mark , Parker Victoria , Tang Alva , Fox Nathan A. , Zeanah Charles H. , Nelson Charles A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere is no relationship more vital than the one a child shares with their primary caregivers early in development. Yet many children worldwide are raised in settings that lack the warmth, connection, and stimulation provided by a responsive primary caregiver. In this study, we used data from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP), a longitudinal study of institutionally‐reared and family‐reared children, to test how caregiving quality during infancy is associated with average EEG power over the first 3.5 years of life in alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands, and associations with later executive function (EF) at age 8 years. The sample comprised 189 children (129 institutionally‐reared; 60 family‐reared) who contributed data on observed caregiving quality during infancy (baseline; average age of 22 months), resting EEG power at baseline, 30, and 42 months, and performance‐based data on a series of EF tasks at 8 years. Using Bayesian estimation, observed caregiving quality at baseline was marginally linked with higher average alpha and beta power, and lower theta power, from baseline to 42 months. In turn, higher average beta power and lower average theta power were marginally associated with higher EF at 8 years. In indirect effects models, higher caregiving quality at baseline was associated with higher EF at 8 years, with a marginal indirect effect through average theta power from baseline to 42 months. Variation in the quality of the early caregiving environment may be associated with later executive function, which is partially underpinned by individual differences in brain activity during early childhood.Research Highlights
Examined associations between caregiving quality during infancy, brain activity during early childhood, and executive function during mid‐childhood in sample of never‐institutionalized and institutionally‐reared children.
Significant associations between higher quality caregiving during infancy and higher executive function during middle childhood.
Marginal associations between caregiving quality during infancy and brain activity during early childhood.
Marginal associations between brain activity during early childhood and executive function during mid‐childhood.
Conserved and specific gene expression patterns in the embryonic development of tardigrades
Authors: Li Chaoran , Yang Zhixiang , Xu Xiaofang , Meng Lingling , Liu Shihao , Yang Dong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTardigrades, commonly known as water bears, are enigmatic organisms characterized by their remarkable resilience to extreme environments despite their simple and compact body structure. To date, there is still much to understand about their evolutionary and developmental features contributing to their special body plan and abilities. This research provides preliminary insights on the conserved and specific gene expression patterns during embryonic development of water bears, focusing on the species Hypsibius exemplaris. The developmental dynamic expression analysis of the genes with various evolutionary age grades indicated that the mid‐conserved stage of H. exemplaris corresponds to the period of ganglia and midgut development, with the late embryonic stage showing a transition from non‐conserved to conserved state. Additionally, a comparison with Drosophila melanogaster highlighted the absence of certain pathway nodes in development‐related pathways, such as Maml and Hairless, which are respectively the transcriptional co‐activator and co‐repressor of NOTCH regulated genes. We also employed Weighted Gene Co‐expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to investigate the expression patterns of tardigrade‐specific genes during embryo development. Our findings indicated that the module containing the highest proportion of tardigrade‐specific genes (TSGs) exhibits high expression levels before the mid‐conserved stage, potentially playing a role in glutathione and lipid metabolism. These functions may be associated to the ecdysone synthesis and storage cell formation, which is unique to tardigrades.
Evaluation of soluble P‐selectin as a predictive biomarker in acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism: Insights from a prospective observational study
Authors: Oblitas Crhistian‐Mario , Demelo‐Rodríguez Pablo , López‐Rubio Marina , Lago‐Rodríguez Marta‐Olimpia , García‐Gámiz Mercedes , Zamora‐Trillo Angielys , Alvarez‐Sala Walther Luis‐Antonio , García‐Martínez Rita , Galeano‐Valle Francisco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSoluble P‐selectin (sP‐selectin) has been proposed as a potential biomarker for venous thromboembolism (VTE) diagnosis with interesting results. However, its role in predicting early mortality in pulmonary embolism (PE) remains unexplored.MethodsThis observational, prospective, single‐center study enrolled consecutive patients aged 18 or older with confirmed acute symptomatic PE and no prior anticoagulation. The study aims to assess the prognostic capacity of sP‐selectin measured at the time of PE diagnosis for short‐term mortality and major bleeding.ResultsA total of 196 patients, with a mean age of 69.1 years (SD 17), were included, of whom 52.6% were male. Within 30 days, 9.7% of patients (n = 19) died, and 5.1% (n = 10) suffered major bleeding. PE risk stratification revealed 4.6% (n = 9) with high‐risk PE, 34.7% (n = 68) with intermediate‐high‐risk PE, 38.3% (n = 75) with intermediate‐low‐risk PE, and 22.5% (n = 44) with low‐risk PE according to the European Society of Cardiology score. Mean plasma sP‐selectin levels were comparable between survivors and non‐survivors (489.7 ng/mL ±63 vs. 497.3 ng/mL ±51; p = .9). The ROC curve for 30‐day all‐cause mortality and major bleeding yielded an AUC of 0.49 (95% CI 0.36–0.63) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.24–0.68), respectively. Multivariate and survival analyses were precluded due to lack of significance.ConclusionssP‐selectin was not useful for predicting short‐term mortality or major bleeding in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Further studies are required to clarify the role of sP‐selectin in VTE, particularly in prognosticating PE outcomes.
Cannabidiol attenuates seizure susceptibility and behavioural deficits in adult CDKL5R59X knock‐in mice
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Yennawar Madhumita , Wiest Alyssa , O'Brien William T. , Babrowicz Bergan , White Rachel S. , Talos Delia M. , Jensen Frances E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is caused by a loss‐of‐function mutation in CDKL5 gene, encoding a serine–threonine kinase highly expressed in the brain. CDD manifests with early‐onset epilepsy, autism, motor impairment and severe intellectual disability. While there are no known treatments for CDD, the use of cannabidiol has recently been introduced into clinical practice for neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the increased clinical utilization of cannabidiol, we examined its efficacy in the CDKL5R59X knock‐in (R59X) mice, a CDD model based on a human mutation that exhibits both lifelong seizure susceptibility and behavioural deficits. We found that cannabidiol pre‐treatment rescued the increased seizure susceptibility in response to the chemoconvulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), attenuated working memory and long‐term memory impairments, and rescued social deficits in adult R59X mice. To elucidate a potential mechanism, we compared the developmental hippocampal and cortical expression of common endocannabinoid (eCB) targets in R59X mice and their wild‐type littermates, including cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and 2 (TRPV2), G‐coupled protein receptor 55 (GPR55) and adenosine receptor 1 (A1R). Many of these eCB targets were developmentally regulated in both R59X and wild‐type mice. In addition, adult R59X mice demonstrated significantly decreased expression of CB1R and TRPV1 in the hippocampus, and TRPV2 in the cortex, while TRPV1 was increased in the cortex. These findings support the potential for dysregulation of eCB signalling as a plausible mechanism and therapeutic target in CDD, given the efficacy of cannabidiol to attenuate hyperexcitability and behavioural deficits in this disorder.
Clinical characteristics of older patients with suspected or diagnosed dementia during hospitalization
Authors: Yoshino Hiroshi , Takechi Hajime 
Published: April 2024

AimIn Japan, an additional system for patients with suspected or diagnosed dementia during hospitalization for physical illness began in 2016. We examined the clinical characteristics of older patients with suspected or diagnosed dementia during hospitalization.MethodsThe study participants consisted of 569 patients. Current age, sex, comorbidities, causative disease for admission, body mass index (BMI), blood tests, environment before admission, prescription history before admission and rate of delirium were examined. Simple regression analysis for high‐frequency diseases was carried out with the respective risk factors as independent variables. Multiple regression analysis was then carried out.ResultsInfection had the highest frequency in the causative diseases for admission. A total of 48% of patients had delirium during hospitalization. The delirium group had the highest frequency of being at home. In the infection group, BMI and serum albumin were lower in the non‐infection group (BMI 19.0 ± 3.7 vs 20.4 ± 4.1; P < 0.001, albumin 2.1 ± 0.7 vs 3.3 ± 0.6 g/dL; P < 0.001 respectively). White blood cell count and C‐reactive protein were higher than in the non‐infection group, respectively (white blood cell count 11181.4 ± 6533.3 vs 8765.8 ± 111 424.3/μL; P = 0.007, C‐reactive protein 8.6 ± 8.6 vs 3.0 ± 5.2 mg/dL; P < 0.001 respectively). Using independent factors associated with infection, multiple regression analysis was performed. BMI (P = 0.013), serum albumin (P < 0.001) and nursing home care before admission (P < 0.001) had significant correlations.ConclusionsAssessment of delirium and the environment before admission of older patients with suspected or diagnosed dementia when hospitalized are necessary. Furthermore, evaluation of nutrition might also contribute to reducing deterioration due to physical illness. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 641–645.
Circulating myostatin levels as a prognostic biomarker in patients with acute liver failure and late‐onset hepatic failure
Authors: Hayashi Manabu , Abe Kazumichi , Sugaya Tatsuro , Takahata Yosuke , Fujita Masashi , Takahashi Atsushi , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimMyostatin is a myokine involved in muscle mass regulation. The associations between circulating myostatin levels and clinical characteristics in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and late‐onset hepatic failure (LOHF) are unclear.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 51 patients with ALF or LOHF were included. Serum myostatin was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsMyostatin levels were significantly lower in patients with ALF and LOHF than in controls (ALF/LOHF: 2522 pg/mL, controls: 3853 pg/mL, p = 0.003). The prevalence of low myostatin in deceased patients was significantly higher than that in spontaneous survivors and patients who underwent liver transplantation. Patients with low myostatin levels had a high incidence of complications. There was a positive correlation between the psoas muscle index and serum myostatin levels. Patients with low myostatin levels had shorter 1‐year transplant‐free survival and shorter 1‐year overall survival than patients with high myostatin levels. Low serum myostatin levels were associated with poor prognosis independent of the Japanese scoring system for ALF ≥3, King's College criteria, or model for end‐stage liver disease score >30.5. The combination of serum myostatin levels and prognostic models for ALF significantly stratified patients according to 1‐year prognosis.ConclusionsLow serum myostatin levels were associated with a low psoas muscle index, complication rate, and poor prognosis in patients with ALF and LOHF. Assessment of circulating myostatin levels may improve the prediction of outcomes in patients with ALF and LOHF.
Presidential leadership in higher education: Balancing collaboration and competition in a time of systemic change
Authors: Bennett Billy , Papatsiba Vassiliki , Stephens Simon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch on senior leadership in higher education systems is urgently needed, particularly in the context of system‐wide transformations. This study focuses on a critical juncture in Ireland, during which Institutes of Technology (IoTs) collaborated to undergo ‘redesignation’ as Technological Universities (TUs). Based on interviews with the fourteen presidents of the IoTs, this research employs the Community of Practice framework to analyse their interactions, strategies, and approaches to a policy‐initiated, systemic change. Despite decades of pervasive competition, these senior leaders formed a community of practice as they worked collectively to achieve the common goal of TU status. Four key themes emerged: Embracing a more expansive external role; Acknowledging obstacles to collective leadership; Forming groups, collaborating and competing; and Leading calmly and fostering unity. The findings of this study advance our understanding of three interconnected fields: senior leadership practices in higher education, the interplay of collaboration and competition in higher education; and the facilitation of policy‐induced systemic change within higher education systems. Our findings have significant implications for institutional leaders, policymakers and scholars aiming to comprehend and improve leadership practices in higher education.
Emotion in language: Emotion word type and valence interactively predicted Chinese emotional word processing in emotion categorization task
Authors: Gu Xiaolan , Chen Shifa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present study examined the predicted effects of emotion word type and valence on emotional word recognition and explored their influence on emotion effects through an emotion categorization task. The results showed the influence of emotion word type and valence on emotional words recognition. Emotion‐label words exhibited faster response and higher accuracy rates (ACC) than emotion‐laden words, and positive words evoked faster response and lower ACC than negative words. Positive emotion‐label words and negative emotion‐laden words evoked higher ACC than negative emotion‐label words and positive emotion‐laden words. Besides, the findings revealed the modulation of emotion word type and valence on the emotion effects. Emotion‐label words and positive words displayed larger emotion effects than emotion‐laden words and negative words in reaction time, and only emotion‐laden words and positive emotion‐label words showed emotion effects in ACC. These findings endorsed the mediated emotion concept account, density hypothesis, and automatic vigilance hypothesis. Based on the findings, we proposed a valence cognition account to explain the interactive results.