bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a flow cytometric immunoassay for recombinant bovine somatotropin‐induced antibodies in serum of dairy cows
Authors: Smits Nathalie Gabriëlle Esther , Bremer Maria Gabriëlle Eleonore Gerarda , Ludwig Susann Katrina Julie , Nielen Michel Wilhelmus Franciscus 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAdministration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) to enhance milk production in dairy cows is banned within the European Union. Therefore, methods for pinpointing rbST abuse are required. Due to the problematic detection of rbST itself in serum, methods are also focused on detecting changes in rbST‐related biomarkers. In this study, a fast and easy‐to‐perform microsphere‐based flow cytometric immunoassay (FCIA) for detection of rbST‐induced antibodies in serum was developed. Until now, detection of rbST‐induced antibodies was also problematic due to non‐specific binding of serum proteins resulting in a high rate of false positive results. Therefore, five different sample preparation methods, i.e. dilution, octanoic acid precipitation, filtration, protein G purification, and a previously described generic FCIA sample preparation were critically compared to overcome non‐specific binding to the microspheres. Only the generic FCIA sample pretreatment was effective in reducing non‐specific binding. As a result, an absolute decision level for detecting rbST antibodies in serum of dairy cows was determined and its applicability was demonstrated. In accordance with biological expectations from literature, rbST antibodies were induced in three out of four rbST‐treated dairy cows. These rbST‐induced antibodies were successfully detected for up to 4 weeks after the last rbST treatment, whereas no false positive results were obtained for 27 untreated dairy cows. This is the first method, able to overcome the interference of serum proteins and therefore, can be applied with high confidence for screening unknown herds of cattle for rbST antibodies, an important biomarker for pinpointing at rbST abuse in cattle. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of minimum break point set using particle swarm optimization for system‐wide protective relay setting and coordination
Authors: Moirangthem Joymala , Dash S. S. , Ramas Ramaswami 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper proposes an effective approach based on particle swarm optimization to identify the break point set. Determining the directional loops and the optimal break point set in the multiloop is the first step during setting and coordination of directional relays in system protection. Arbitrary starting relay locations and arbitrary consideration of relay sequence to set and coordinate relays will result in navigating loops many times and usually result in futile attempts to achieve system‐wide relay coordination. First, the network is reduced if there are any parallel lines or three end nodes. Second, all the directed loops are enumerated to enhance the algorithm. In this paper, the problem is formulated as a set covering problem, and break point set is determined using particle swarm optimization technique. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is implemented in different test system, and the results are compared with the existing methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of the effects of memantine on clinical progression in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wilkinson David 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundAs Alzheimer's disease (AD) progresses, patients become increasingly dependent on others, placing a substantial impact on the daily lives of patients and caregivers. A treatment that slows clinical progression is a realistic and meaningful therapeutic goal for patients and caregivers. If given early, such a treatment would be expected to maximise any potential benefit. Memantine has shown clinical benefits in the key domains of AD, both as monotherapy and in combination with a cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI).MethodsMemantine now has a considerable database of published studies and is associated with benefits in aspects of behaviour, cognition and communication, and on clinical progression. The results of these clinical studies are reviewed.ResultsShort‐term clinical studies (≤28 weeks) have shown that memantine reduces clinical worsening and has also demonstrated positive effects in aspects of cognition—language, memory, praxis, functional communication—and in activities of daily living. Furthermore, memantine has been shown to reduce the rate of emergence of troublesome behaviour in patients with AD who were asymptomatic at baseline. Long‐term follow‐up studies (>1 year) have shown that the benefits of memantine are sustained and increase over time, and that memantine can delay nursing home placement in patients with AD.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence for the benefits of memantine, either alone or in combination with a ChEI, in slowing clinical progression in AD, and indicate that early treatment initiation may maximise clinical success. The benefits of memantine increase over time, allowing patients to remain independent for longer, alleviating caregiver burden and delaying institutionalisation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EVALUATION OF VARIANCE ESTIMATORS FOR THE CONCENTRATION AND HEALTH ACHIEVEMENT INDICES: A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Roy Kakoli , Gotway Crawford Carol A. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYAlthough the concentration index (CI) and the health achievement index (HAI) have been extensively used, previous studies have relied on bootstrapping to compute the variance of the HAI, whereas competing variance estimators exist for the CI. This paper provides methods of statistical inference for the HAI and compares the available variance estimators for both the CI and the HAI using Monte Carlo simulation. Results for both the CI and the HAI suggest that analytical methods and bootstrapping are well behaved. The convenient regression method gives standard errors close to the other methods, provided the CI is not too large (< 0.2), but otherwise tends to understate the standard errors. In our simulation setting, the improvement from the Newey–West correction over the convenient regression method has mixed evidence when the CI ≤ 0.1 and is modest when the CI > 0.1. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Effects of urbanization on stream hydrology and water quality: the Florida Gulf Coast
Authors: Chelsea Nagy R. , Graeme Lockaby B. , Kalin Latif , Anderson Chris 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAt the global scale, the population density of coastal areas is nearly three times that of inland areas, and consequently, land development represents a threat to coastal ecosystems. It is critical to understand how increasing urbanization affects coastal watersheds. To that end, the objective of this study was to examine the influence of urban development on stream water quality and hydrology in a coastal setting, a scenario that has received less attention than other physiographic regions. Stream hydrologic, physicochemical, and microbial data were collected in watersheds near Apalachicola, Florida with a range of impervious surfaces from 0 to 15%. Watersheds with greater impervious cover exhibited higher pH, specific conductance, and temperature, elevated nutrient concentrations and loads (, and total phosphorus), higher bacterial concentrations (fecal coliform and Escherichia coli), and increased maximum flow and hydrograph flashiness. Different responses to development here compared to other physiographic regions included lower total suspended solid concentrations, higher total dissolved solid concentrations, and a lack of response of base flow to increased urbanization. Additionally, Na+ and Cl− concentrations were elevated to a greater extent than is often the case in non‐coastal areas. In the coming years, urban development is projected to increase substantially in coastal zones and thus there is risk of further stream degradation in coastal watersheds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multidisciplinary management of malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Kaifi Jussuf T. , Toth Jennifer W. , Gusani Niraj J. , Kimchi Eric T. , Staveley‐O'Carroll Kevin F. , Belani Chandra P. , Reed Michael F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractApproximately 50% of patients with metastatic disease develop a malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Prompt clinical evaluation and treatment to achieve successful palliation are the main goals of management of MPE. Optimal treatment is still controversial and there is no universal standard approach. Management options include observation, thoracentesis, indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) or chest tube placement, pleurodesis, and surgical pleurectomy. The treatment for each patient should be based on symptoms, general condition, and life expectancy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:731–738. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Finite element analysis of the effect of corrosion on the behavior of reinforced earth walls
Authors: Chau Truong‐Linh , Bourgeois Emmanuel , Corfdir Alain 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYA simple model for the corrosion‐induced loss of stiffness and strength of the steel strips of earth‐reinforced walls was introduced in a finite element simulation of the long‐term behavior of the wall, in which the backfill‐strips interactions are taken into account by means of a generalized homogenization procedure (called a multiphase model). The results show an initial phase of slow displacements induced by the loss of stiffness, followed after a few decades by a steep acceleration of the displacements, leading to wall failure. The influences of the parameter controlling corrosion, the backfill cohesion and the heterogeneity of the corrosion process are discussed. Results are used to discuss a strategy for reinforced earth wall surveillance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bubble removal in centrifugal casting: Combined effects of buoyancy and diffusion
Authors: Mazzeo Aaron D. , Lustrino Michelle E. , Hardt David E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article models bubble removal in centrifugal casting of the thermosetting silicone polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Given spin speeds, mold geometry, and resin properties for centrifugal casting, it is possible to predict the amount of spin time required to produce bubble‐free parts. For the particular conditions and materials considered in this work, required spin times range from seconds to minutes. The model itself balances two complementary physical behaviors: bubble dissolution and buoyancy. Diffusion dominates the removal of small bubbles below a critical size, while buoyancy dominates the removal of bubbles above a critical size. To simulate the removal of bubbles from a spinning solution, two first‐order nonlinear differential equations are solved numerically. To verify simulated results, designed sets of experiments related the number of remaining bubbles in cured parts to spin times and speeds. Dow Corning Sylgard 184, Sylgard 186, and 3‐6121 were the silicones tested in this work. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Wetting behaviors of hyperbranched polymer composites within ordered porous template under vibration
Authors: Xie Yun‐Chuan , Xu Yan , Yung Kai‐Leung 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe wetting characteristics of hyperbranched polyesters (HBP) added cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) melt in microchannels of anodized alumina oxide (AAO) template were studied. The wetting displacements in microchannels were measured by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Compared with pure COC matrix, the composite flowed much longer in the microchannels under normal molding conditions. This may be attributed to the spherical shape of the HBP molecules. The flow study was extended by applying a series of high frequency vibration on the AAO template. Results show that vibration can enhance the wetting of the composite melts if phase separation does not occur. This paper provides useful information for micromolding based microfabrication, especially additives and vibration assisted micromolding. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Super folds, networks, and barriers
Authors: Burke Sean , Elber Ron 
Published: October 2011

AbstractExhaustive enumeration of sequences and folds is conducted for a simple lattice model of conformations, sequences, and energies. Examination of all foldable sequences and their nearest connected neighbors (sequences that differ by no more than a point mutation) illustrates the following: (i) There exist unusually large number of sequences that fold into a few structures (super‐folds). The same observation was made experimentally and computationally using stochastic sampling and exhaustive enumeration of related models. (ii) There exist only a few large networks of connected sequences that are not restricted to one fold. These networks cover a significant fraction of fold spaces (super‐networks). (iii) There exist barriers in sequence space that prevent foldable sequences of the same structure to “connect” through a series of single point mutations (super‐barrier), even in the presence of the sequence connection between folds. While there is ample experimental evidence for the existence of super‐folds, evidence for a super‐network is just starting to emerge. The prediction of a sequence barrier is an intriguing characteristic of sequence space, suggesting that the overall sequence space may be disconnected. The implications and limitations of these observations for evolution of protein structures are discussed. Proteins 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical integrity inspections during capital projects
Authors: Schubert Paul , Keener Travis 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPutting off the initial thickness measurements (i.e., baseline) of piping and vessels in a new process unit is both common and problematic. The tendency of owners is to rely on the nominal thickness because the actual original thickness was either not measured or not recorded for calculating corrosion rates after the thickness readings of first wave are taken with the equipment having been in service for some period of time. Consequently, significant errors in calculated corrosion rates may result from variations of thickness allowed by mill tolerance standards during fabrication. Not having the original thickness can either mask potentially hazardous conditions or cause concern where none is really warranted. Involvement of the inspection department in a capital project can significantly improve quality, reduce cost, and ensure compliance. The objectives of this article are to provide: (1) justification for a detailed inspection during capital projects; (2) show effective roles for inspection departments in capital projects; (3) justification for performing vendor surveillance in capital projects; (4) the technical advantages for performing preservice baseline inspections. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
Concolic testing of the multi-sector read operation for flash storage platform software
Authors: Kim Moonzoo , Kim Yunho , Choi Yunja 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

In today’s information society, flash memory has become a virtually indispensable component, particularly
for mobile devices. In order for mobile devices to operate successfully, it is essential that flash memory
be controlled correctly through flash storage platform software such as the file system, flash translation layer,
and low-level device drivers. However, as is typical for embedded software, conventional testing methods often
fail to detect hidden flaws in the software due to the difficulty of creating effective test cases. As a different
approach, model checking techniques guarantee a complete analysis, but only on a limited scale. In this paper,
we describe an empirical study wherein a
concolic testing
method is applied to the multi-sector read operation for flash storage platform software. This method combines a concrete dynamic execution and a symbolic execution to automatically generate test cases for full path coverage. Through the experiments, we analyze the advantages and weaknesses of the concolic testing approach on the flash storage platform software.
The mechanical generation of fault trees for reactive systems via retrenchment I: combinational circuits
Authors: Banach Richard , Bozzano Marco 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The manual construction of fault trees for complex systems is an error-prone and time-consuming activity, encouraging automated techniques. In this paper we show how the retrenchment approach to formal system model evolution can be developed into a versatile structured approach for the mechanical construction of fault trees. The system structure and the structure of retrenchment concessions interact to generate fault trees with appropriately deep nesting. We show how this approach can be extended to deal with minimisation, thereby diminishing the post hoc subsumption workload and potentially rendering some infeasible cases feasible.
Environment–KHV–carp–human linkage as a model for environmental diseases
Authors: Kawabata Zen'ichiro , Minamoto Toshifumi , Honjo Mie N. , Uchii Kimiko , Yamanaka Hiroki , Suzuki Alata A. , Kohmatsu Yukihiro , Asano Kota , Itayama Tomoaki , Ichijo Tomoaki , Omori Koji , Okuda Noboru , Kakehashi Masayuki , Nasu Masao , Matsui Kazuaki , Matsuoka Masatomi , Kong Hainan , Takahara Teruhiko , Wu Deyi , Yonekura Ryuji 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo predict outbreaks of infectious disease and to prevent epidemics, it is essential not only to conduct pathological studies but also to understand the interactions between the environment, pathogen, host and humans that cause and spread infectious diseases. Outbreaks of mass mortality in carp caused by Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3), formerly known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), disease have occurred worldwide since the late 1990s. We proposed an environment–KHV–carp–human linkage as a conceptual model for “environmental diseases” and specify research subjects that might be necessary to construct and shape this linkage.
Psychological risk factors for chronic post‐surgical pain after inguinal hernia repair surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Powell R. , Johnston M. , Smith W.C. , King P.M. , Chambers W.A. , Krukowski Z. , McKee L. , Bruce J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA significant proportion of patients experience chronic post‐surgical pain (CPSP) following inguinal hernia surgery. Psychological models are useful in predicting acute pain after surgery, and in predicting the transition from acute to chronic pain in non‐surgical contexts. This is a prospective cohort study to investigate psychological (cognitive and emotional) risk factors forCPSPafter inguinal hernia surgery. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires before surgery and 1 week and 4 months after surgery. Data collected before surgery and 1 week after surgery were used to predict pain at 4 months. Psychological risk factors assessed included anxiety, depression, fear‐avoidance, activity avoidance, catastrophizing, worry about the operation, activity expectations, perceived pain control and optimism. The study included 135 participants; follow‐up questionnaires were returned by 119 (88.1%) and 115 (85.2%) participants at 1 week and 4 months after surgery respectively. The incidence ofCPSP(pain at 4 months) was 39.5%. After controlling for age, body mass index and surgical variables (e.g. anaesthetic, type of surgery and mesh type used), lower pre‐operative optimism was an independent risk factor forCPSPat 4 months; lower pre‐operative optimism and lower perceived control over pain at 1 week after surgery predicted higher pain intensity at 4 months. No emotional variables were independently predictive ofCPSP. Further research should target these cognitive variables in pre‐operative psychological preparation for surgery.
Phytoplankton distribution patterns in the northwestern Sargasso Sea revealed by small subunit rRNA genes from plastids
Authors: Treusch Alexander H , Demir-Hilton Elif , Vergin Kevin L , Worden Alexandra Z , Carlson Craig A , Donatz Michael G , Burton Robert M , Giovannoni Stephen J 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Phytoplankton species vary in their physiological properties, and are expected to respond differently to seasonal changes in water column conditions. To assess these varying distribution patterns, we used 412 samples collected monthly over 12 years (1991–2004) at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study site, located in the northwestern Sargasso Sea. We measured plastid 16S ribosomal RNA gene abundances with a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism approach and identified distribution patterns for members of the Prymnesiophyceae, Pelagophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Prasinophyceae. The analysis revealed dynamic bloom patterns by these phytoplankton taxa that begin early in the year, when the mixed layer is deep. Previously, unreported open-ocean prasinophyte blooms dominated the plastid gene signal during convective mixing events. Quantitative PCR confirmed the blooms and transitions of Bathycoccus, Micromonas and Ostreococcus populations. In contrast, taxa belonging to the pelagophytes and chrysophytes, as well as cryptophytes, reached annual peaks during mixed layer shoaling, while Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) were observed only episodically in the 12-year record. Prymnesiophytes dominated the integrated plastid gene signal. They were abundant throughout the water column before mixing events, but persisted in the deep chlorophyll maximum during stratified conditions. Various models have been used to describe mechanisms that drive vernal phytoplankton blooms in temperate seas. The range of taxon-specific bloom patterns observed here indicates that different ‘spring bloom’ models can aptly describe the behavior of different phytoplankton taxa at a single geographical location. These findings provide insight into the subdivision of niche space by phytoplankton and may lead to improved predictions of phytoplankton responses to changes in ocean conditions.
The Origins and Appearance of the Kurds in Pre-Islamic Iran
Authors: Limbert John 
Published: September 2011

At present the Kurds occupy parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria and the USSR. As the map shows, the area in which the Kurds predominate is a long are extending roughly northwest to southeast in a band of varying width from central Turkey to western Iran in the Kermanshah and Shāhābād regions. In these last areas, the historic road from Baghdad to Hamadān and beyond divides the Kurds from their Iranian cousins, the Lurs.Within this extensive, mountainous area the Kurds speak an Iranian language divided into two groups of dialects--northern Kurdish, or Kurmandji, and southern Kurdish, called Kurdi. The dividing line between these two groups of dialects run roughly from the southwest corner of Lake Rezaiyeh to the town of Rowanduz in northern Iraq. Linguists consider Kurdish to be a northwestern Iranian language and therefore quite distinct from Persian, a southwestern language.