bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probleme der Ketose in der klinischen Praxis
Authors: RYSHOW P. W. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.1. Hohe Ketose kann bei chirurgischen Kranken vorhanden sein, unabhängig von. Schwankungen der Alkali‐Säurereserven.2. Negative Reaktion des Harns auf Azeton bedeutet nicht Fehlen von Hyperketonämie.3. Zur Bestimmung der Ketose sind quantitative ketonämische Exponenten zu verwerten.4. Die Zunahme der Ketonämie verläuft hauptsächlich auf Kosten der β‐Oxybuttersäure. Beim Anstieg des Ketonurie nimmt das präformierte Azeton stark zu und übersteigt in mehreren Fällen die Menge der β‐Oxybuttersäure.5. Das Vorhandensein von Hyperketonämie weist auf starke Stoffwechselstörungen hin und kann infolgedessen von prognostischer Bedeutung sein.6. Bei chirurgischen Schmerzen fanden vir erhöhte Ketose in 73.2% aller Fälle, bei Schmerzen visceralen Ursprungs häufiger als bei solchen peripheren Ursprungs.Bei Schmerzen zentraler Herkuhft war keine Hyperketose zu beobachten.7. Die Zunahme der Ketose ist direkt abhängig von der Intensität des Schmerzreizes, jedoch bilden die Schmerzen nur eine der Ursachen, die Hyperketose hervorrufen können.8. Hyperketose bei visceralen Schmerzen kann (mutmasslich) als Resultat einer Depression der Leberfunktion aufgefasst werden, wodurch die Oxydation der Buttersäure auf der Stufe der β‐Oxybuttersäure aufgehalten wird.9. Hyperketose ist nicht spezifisch für irgendeine bestimmte Art chirurgischer Erkrankungen; in den meisten Fällen hängt ihr Anstieg vom Allgemeinzustand des Patienten ab.10. Bluttransfusion setzt die Ketose herab.11. Die Ketonkörper lassen sich in der Cerebrospinalflüssigkeit sowohl bei hohen Graden von Ketonämie feststellen als auch bei normalem Ketonkörpergehalt des Bluts. Die Bedingungen, unter denen die Ketonkörper die Blutgehirnschranke passieren, sind offensichtlich rein individuell und hängen nicht von der Höhe der Ketonämie ab.
Pellagra und Geisteskrankheit
Authors: LÖFVENDAHL HILLEVI 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Untersuchungen hinsichtlich der Nikotinsäureaussonderung im Urin sind unter Anwendung der Porjéschen Methode in 85 Fällen von Geisteskranken ausgeführt worden. In 58 Fällen lag die Aussonderung unter 1.2 mg, welches als der niedrigst normale Wert angesehen wird; in 20 dieser Fälle war keine Aussonderung zu verzeichnen. — Beschreibung von vier Fällen, die im Geisteskrankenliaus gepflegt worden sind, wo Pellagra mit der Entstehung von Geisteskrankheit einen Zusammenhang liaben dürfte und wo die Anwendung von Nikotinsäureamid guten Erfolg hatte. — Literaturangaben über die Anwendung der Nikotinsäure in Fällen von Geisteskrankheit, verursacht durch Pellagra. —
Die Untersuchung der Lungenfunktion
Authors: DIRKEN M. N. J. , KRAAN J. K. , OOSTINGA H. , WOUDSTRA S. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Untersucht ist die Folge des Einatmens von 21, 17 und 15 % Sauerstoff auf die arterielle Sauerstoffsättigung bei Normalen und bei Patienten mit Lungen‐ und Herzkrankheiten.Aus den an Normalen erhaltenen Daten ist ein Vergleichsskala zur Beurteilung der bei Patienten gefundenen Werte aufgestellt.Besprochen werden die Resultate der Belastungsprobe bei Patienten mit Pneumothorax, Lungentuberkulose, Pleuritis, chron. Bronchitis, krup. Pneumonie und Herzabweichungen.Hieraus ergibt sich, dass sich unterschieden lässt zwischen einerseits den Fällen, bei welchen kleinere oder grössere Teile der Lunge ausgefallen sind, die so einen Eindruck von der noch vorhandenen Blutdurchströmung durch diese Gebiete (Kurzschlüsse) gewären, und andererseits den Fällen, in denen die Sauerstoffzufuhr zum Blut gestört ist, entweder in Folge unzureichender Ventilation der Alveolen oder erschwerter Diffusion durch die Lungenwand.
Die Ausscheidung des Bilirubins im Harn und ihre Abhängigkeit vom Serumbilirubin
Authors: WITH TORBEN K. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Die Literatur wird besprochen; Untersuchungen mit zuverlässigen Analysemethoden sind erforderlich. Es wird über Serum‐ und Urinuntersuchungen mit Jendrassik und Gróf's Methode in 23 Hepatitisfälle und 9 Fälle von Okklusionsikterus berichtet. Weiter werden Serumbestimmungen in 5 Fällen von hämolytischem Ikterus sowie Untersuchungen über die Tagesvariation des Serumbilirubins in 5 Hepatitisfällen vorgelegt.Der Schwellenwert für Bilirubinurie variierte zwischen 3 und 9, am häufigsten 3–6 mg pro 100 ml. Für Ikterus neonatorum betruger doch 18 mg pro 100 ml. Es wurde im Ham 15–75 %, am häufigsten 25–50 % der im Serum vorgefundenen Konzentration beobachtet; nur in einem Fall (cancer pankreatis) wurden Werte von ca. 100 % beobachtet. Es bestand kein sicherer Unterschied zwischen Okklusionsikterus und parenchymatösem Ikterus. Bei Ikterus neonatorum wurde im Harn nur ein Par Prozent der Serumkonzentration vorgefunden.Die direkte Reaktion wird besprochen; sie kann keine Bedeutung für die Bilirubinsusscheidung im Harn haben. Die Hypothese über die fehlende Harnfähigkeit des indirekten Bilirubins wird diskutiert und als überflüssig und ungenügend begründet gefunden.Bilirubin scheint nicht eine Schwellenwertsubstanz im eigentlichen Sinne zu sein, da andere Faktoren als die Serumkonzentration entscheidende Bedeutung für die Ausscheidung im Harn haben müssen.
Kreislaufstörungen bei Krampfanfällen epileptischen Typs
Authors: NYMAN E. , SILFVERSKIÖLD B. P. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Von früheren Erfahrungen ausgehend wird die Möglichkeit erörtert, dass die Kreislaufstörungen beim Elektroschock eine gleichartige Genese haben können wie die beim Valsalvaschen Versuch beobachteten. Elektrokardiogramme zweier Serien von je 13 Fällen mit Elektrokrampf und Valsalvaschem Versuch werden miteinander verglichen und weisen grosse Übereinstimmungen auf. In beiden Fällen findet man bei der Mehrzahl der Kurven eine Höhenzunahme der P‐ und Höhenabnahme der R‐Zacken. Die T‐Zacken verhalten sich mehr wechselnd, lassen aber nichtsdestoweniger in der Mehrzahl der Fälle in beiden Serien eine grössere Höhe erkennen. Da zuvor nachgewiesen worden ist, dass beim Elektrokrampf eine hochgradige Drucksteigerung in der Brust‐ und Bauchhöhle zustande kommt, macht es den Anschein, als ob die Ekgveränderungen beim Elektroschock im wesentlichen gleichen Ursprungs und Wesens wären wie diejenigen, welche nach dem Valsalvaschen Versuch auftreten.
Über die Wirkung des Bariums auf das Herz auf Grund zweier Vergiftungsfälle.
Authors: HIRVONEN MARTTI 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.In der Arbeit sind zwei charakteristische. Bariumvergiftungsfälle mitgeteilt, von denen der eine im Lauf von 6 Tagen vollständig genas, der andere dagegen 14 Stunden nach der Vergiftung starb. Bei der Obduktion und der sich daran anschliessenden chemischen Untersuchung konnte mit Sicherlieit festgestellt werden, dass eine Bariumvergiftung vorlag.Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wurde der das Herz betreffenden Wirkung des Bariums auf Grund elektrokardiographischer Untersuchungen zugewandt. Es wurden folgende Beobachtungen gemacht:In dem leichten Vergiftungsfall trat anfangs extrasystolische Allorrliythmie des Bigeminietypus auf, die sich schon 10 Stunden nach der Vergiftung in langsamen Sinusrhythmus oder in Nodalrhythmus verwandelt hatte, denn die P‐Welle war da in der II. und III. Ableitung negativ, während die PQ‐Zeit andauernd normal war. Die QRS‐Zeit war bei einigen Untersuchungen vielleicht ein wenig verkürzt. In QRSI wurden einmal Knoten konstatiert. Die T‐Welle war in alien Ableitungen sehr flach. Die relative QT‐Zeit war andauernd normal. Eine deutliche U‐Welle trat in alien Ableitungen auf. Alle diese Veränderungen waren 6 Tage nach der Vergiftung verschwunden.In dem schweren Vergiftungsfall bestand fortwährend Sinusrhythmus. Die P‐Velle war während der ganzen Zeit in alien Ableitungen positiv. Die PQ‐Zeit war wahrscheinlich etwas verlängert, ebenso die QRS‐Zeit im Anfang. Die T‐Welle war in alien Ableitungen positiv. Die Strecke ST war fortwährend stark erniedrigt, und die relative QT‐Zeit war immer deutlich verlängert.
Über das Vorkommen von Malaria in Finnland
Authors: RENKONEN K. O. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Es werden statistische Angaben über die Malaria in Finnland angegeben. Die monatliche Verteilungskurve zeigt, dass in Finnland die Malaria ein wenig später als in schweden auftritt. Em kalter Frühling scheint mehr Malariafälle im Norden zu prädisponieren als der wärmere. Auf die Schwierigkeit diese Beobachtung mit der Theorie von langer Inkubationszeit zu erklären wird hingewiesen. Das stufenweise Verschwinden der Malaria aus den verschiedenen Teilen Finnlands wird mit dem Wohlstand und der Kultur der Provinzen verglichen.
SIDE‐EFFECTS OF ORAL IRON THERAPY A double‐blind study of different iron compounds in tablet form.
Authors: HALLBERG LEIF , RYTTINGER LARS , SÖLVELL LENNART 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYUsing a double‐blind and placebo technics, the side‐effects of tablets containing different iron compounds were compared in 1496 subjects. Three separate series, all of which included placebo and ferrous sulphate tablets were studied. The agreement between the results obtained in different series was very good.Ferrous sulphate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous fumarate, and ferrous glycine sulphate had almost the same incidence and type of side‐effects. The incidence was significantly higher than when placebo tablets were given.
THE OBSERVER VARIATION IN THE MEASUREMENT OF ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Eilertsen E. , Humerfelt S. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Observer errors and observer variation have been studied in a survey of blood pressure covering about 70,000 subjects in Bergen, Norway, carried out by 19 specially trained nurses under conditions standardized as much as possible. Substantial differences were found between extreme observers concerning the mean values of the readings in age and sex groups, while the majority only showed insignificant differences. Reading characteristics were supposed to be the reason for individual observers keeping the same ranking position vis‐à‐vis the others from age group to age group in both sexes. A number of observers had, however, a different ranking in systolic from that in diastolic readings. Terminal digit preference in the readings was found only to a small degree, and only in a few of the observers. The special apparatus of the London School of Hygiene was found to reduce, but not to eliminate this error. When the results obtained with the latter apparatus were compared to standard apparatus results, no differences in the reading characteristics were found related to the sex, age and blood pressure level of the subjects examined.Conclusion: observer variation in blood pressure examination may be substantial and may affect the mean values found in population surveys, even if the observers are carefully selected and thoroughly trained.
ON THE PREVALENCE OF ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMAS IN AN AUTOPSY MATERIAL IN RELATION TO HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES
Authors: Hedeland Hans , Östberg Görel , Hökfelt Bernt 
Published: August 2010

Abstract A prospective study was performed on an autopsy material consisting of 739 consecutive cases over 20 years of age (391 females, 348 males) during a period of six months. The material included about 70% of the deaths in the city of Malmö (approximately 250,000 inhabitants). The adrenals were specially observed at autopsy for adenomas and hospital records were searched for hypertension and diabetes mellitus.In the total material the frequency of adrenocortical adenomas was 8.7%, which was considerably higher than previously reported figures. In patients with essential hypertension the adenoma frequency was 12.4% as against 7.9% in normotensives. This difference was not statistically significant. The adenoma frequency in men with secondary hypertension was remarkably high but the significance is not clear. In patients with hypertension the frequency of diabetes was 17.6% as compared to 9.0% in normotensives. This difference was statistically probably significant.In patients with diabetes the frequency of adrenocortical adenomas was 16.5%, in non‐diabetics 7.7%. The difference was probably significant.
IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS IN OLD AGE
Authors: Freyschuss U. , Nilsonne U. , Lundgren K.‐D. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Lung function was studied in a group of 14 female patients, between the ages of 57 and 63, who had been diagnosed as idiopathic scoliotics about 50 years ago. The examinations comprised spirometry and determination of ventilation and the alveolar gas exchange at rest and during work. Roentgenological measurements were used to determine the degree of scoliosis; the cases being divided into two groups according to the degree of deformity. The moderately deformed group contained seven patients with an angle of less than 60°, while the other seven patients made up the severely deformed group with an angle of more than 60°. The latter group had significantly lower total and vital capacities, maximum ventilation and forced expiratory volume in one second, and also a significantly higher respiratory rate and tidal volume. The two cases with the most severe degree of scoliosis had an impaired alveolar gas exchange; the one with the largest angle (102°) presenting signs of respiratory insufficiency, with retention of carbon dioxide during oxygen inhalation.The results thus suggest that the degree of deformity in scoliosis is correlated with lung function.
PREDNISONE‐GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND SERUM LIPIDS IN SURVIVORS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Jakobson Theodor , Kahanpää Asko , Mäenpää Voitto J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Glucose tolerance has been examined by means of a prednisone‐glucose tolerance (PGT) test in 41 patients with clinically documented myocardial infarction 3 to 4 weeks after the attack and in age‐matched control subjects without clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. In addition serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels have been determined and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations measured prior to the PGT test and after administration of the glucose load.Abnormal glucose tolerance curves were obtained in 53.6% of the patients 3 to 4 weeks after the infarction and in 25.8% of the controls. Seventeen patients were retested approximately six months after the first test and glucose tolerance in seven patients with initially abnormal PGT curves was found to be within normal limits, while further impairment was observed in only four cases. A significant correlation between the PGT tests and serum cholesterol levels was found to exist only in patients over the age of 60, while no correlation could be observed between prednisone‐glucose tolerance and serum triglycerides or fasting levels of FFA. The mean decrease of FFA 1 hour after the administration of glucose was slightly less in the patients with myocardial infarction than in the controls, while a decrease of FFA to levels below 200 μEq/1 was observed in approximately one third of the patients 1 and/or 3 hours after the glucose load.It is concluded that the impairment of glucose tolerance which frequently can be observed after recent myocardial infarction is probably due only in a minority of cases to a latent diabetic condition and that other factors which are known to influence carbohydrate metabolism must be taken into consideration in explaining the observed disturbances of glucose homeostasis.
PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HAEMOGLOBINURIA
Authors: Hansen Niels Ebbe , Killmann Sven‐Aage 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Case reports of eight patients with the PNH defect are presented.The diagnostic criteria applied are discussed: Ham's and Crosby's tests, the sucrose haemolysis test, acetylcholine esterase activity of the red cells, and signs of intravascular haemolysis with emphasis on the determination of lactate dehydrogenase activity in blood and bone marrow.The diversity of the presentation of PNH is outlined. One patient presented with attacks of abdominal pain for two years before diagnosis, three patients had longstanding pancytopenia with few clues to the diagnosis, two patients presented as cases of aplastic anaemia with initially negative Ham's tests, and two patients had concomitant myelofibrosis. The relationship of PNH to other blood diseases is discussed, and a possible connection with myelofibrosis is suggested. It thus appears that the PNH erythrocyte defect is encountered not only in the clinically classical PNH syndrome, but also in a variety of pancytopenias which are difficult to classify, and finally in some better defined conditions such as aplastic anaemia and myelofibrosis. This could be interpreted in several ways: 1. PNH is a nosological entity with an extremely wide clinical spectrum; 2. PNH is not a nosological entity, but erythroid cell lines carrying the PNH defect may be set up under many conditions when haemopoiesis is afflicted by a primary haematological disorder; 3. PNH exists (a) as a primary disorder, the clinically classical PNH syndrome, and (b) as a secondary defect in a variety of other haematological disorders. It is not yet possible to determine which of these possibilities, if any, is the right one, although at the present time the second interpretation would appear to be the most likely one.Clinical features are mentioned, particularly hypercoagulability and the occurrence of thromboses. An interesting aspect is that the majority of patients had an abnormal EEG. The significance of this remains to be determined. The multiple mechanism of anaemia in PNH is emphasized, including marrow hypoplasia, haemolysis, iron deficiency, autoimmunity, and folic acid deficiency.The value of blood transfusions, iron, adrenocorticoid and anabolic steroids in the management of PNH is discussed.
AN INTRAVENOUS GALACTOSE TOLERANCE TEST AND ITS USE IN HEPATOBILIARY DISEASES1
Authors: Tengström Bertil 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The paper describes an intravenous galactose tolerance test performed by a single injection of 350 mg of galactose per kg body weight. Galactose in the blood was determined by a specific galactose oxidase method.The disappearance of the galactose from the blood mainly occurs by hepatic metabolism which is rate‐limited. The course of the elimination curve, however, is also influenced by extrahepatic factors. The curve was found to be most easily described as a straight line in a semilogarithmic system, the T 1/2 value for galactose being found to be 12.0 ± 2.6 min in normal adults. The galactosuria was reasonably small and constant in different clinical conditions and was therefore disregarded.The T 3/2 value was elevated in 84% of cases of liver cirrhosis, and the elevation appeared to be a good measure of the degree of liver damage. Abnormal test results were obtained in 58% of patients with acute infectious hepatitis. Among patients with an abnormal T 1/2 value more than three weeks after the onset of jaundice a long duration of the disease was generally seen, the development of cirrhosis was demonstrated in one isolated case, and one patient died. In patients with cancer metastases of the liver the test result was abnormal in 50%. The T 1/2 value was normal in 93% of cases of biliary obstruction.The galactose test was found to give valuable diagnostic and prognostic information in liver cirrhosis and in hepatitis, and also to be useful in differentiating between obstructive and parenchymatous jaundice.
VIBRATORY PERCEPTION THRESHOLD AND MOTOR CONDUCTION VELOCITY IN DIABETICS AND NON‐DIABETICS
Authors: Gregersen G. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The vibratory sense measured by biothesiometry was found to be correlated to age and sex in non‐diabetics.In diabetics the vibratory sense was correlated to the duration of the diabetes both on the upper and lower extremities. No difference was found between the sexes.It was possible to demonstrate a reduction of the vibratory sense already within the first year of diabetes in younger patients with a well‐defined onset of the disease. The same fact has been demonstrated previously with regard to the motor conduction velocity.In young diabetics motor and sensory nerve functions diminish in parallel.
EFFECTS OF REPEATED WORK TESTS AND ADRENERGIC BETA‐BLOCKADE ON ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ST AND T CHANGES
Authors: Furberg Curt 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effect of a number of repeated work tests on different electrocardiographic ST and T changes has been studied and the effect compared with that after an adrenergic beta‐receptor blockade.In subjects with different ECG changes but without any apparent organic heart disease there was a normalization of the ST and T changes during the period of repeated work tests. The normalizing effect was almost identical to that after adrenergic blockade. Different patterns of ST and especially T depressions on the ECG at rest, in the standing position and during and after work are described.In patients with organic heart diseases the repeated work tests generally had no effect on the ECG patterns typical of coronary insufficiency and myocarditis. In one patient with signs of a vasoregulatory disturbance there seemed to be ST and T changes of different origin, probably both functional and organic. The effect of the adrenergic blockade was almost identical to that of the repeated work tests.The study gives support to the results of a previous investigation in which the possibility of using an adrenergic blockade for differentiating between ECG changes of functional and organic origin was pointed out.The normalization effect of 4–6 work tests over a period of 4–6 days on functional ST and T changes on the ECG is supposed to be due to a physical and psychic adaptation to the work tests and to the examination situation.
HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL AND RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT HYPERTENSION
Authors: Hilden Mogens , Hilden Tage 
Published: August 2010

Abstract A comparison has been made between the haemoglobin level in normotensive and hypertensive patients with impaired renal function.Because of a higher daily production of creatinine, the renal function, assessed on the basis of the creatinine clearance, is higher in hypertensive than in normotensive patients in relation to their serum creatinine concentration.Hypertensive patients have a considerably higher haemoglobin level than normotensive patients with the same degree of impairment of renal function.
IRON‐FORTIFIED BREAD
Authors: Vellar Odd D. , Borchgrevink Christian , Natvig Haakon 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The increase in serum iron two hours after test‐meals in fasting subjects was taken as an expression of iron absorption in three series of experiments. All the individuals, most of them young, healthy, female nurses acted as their own controls. Tests were performed with white wheaten and wholemeal bread fortified with ferrous sulphate or ferrum reductum to 40 mg iron per 100 g. Some experiments with unenriched white bread were also included.It was found that ferrous sulphate gave a more pronounced increase in serum iron than ferrum reductum. The increase was higher after fortified white bread than after fortified wholemeal bread. This was probably due to the inhibitory effect, although only partial, of dietary phytate on iron absorption.Because of the relative uncertainty of the performed absorption experiments, a controlled clinical trial with ferrous‐sulphate‐enriched white and wholemeal bread to 8 mg iron per 100 g was conducted in 146 adult female patients of a mental hospital. The 12 weeks' trial was completed in 77 subjects in the experimental group and in only 20 in the control group.In the experimental group the mean Hb value showed a significant increase to 14.32 g%, which is equivalent to the mean optimal value for adult Norwegian women. A concomitant rise in the mean Hct and MCHC values was recorded. The results in the control group are difficult to interpret. The mean increase in Hb concentration after 12 weeks, however, was not statistically significant.The present study indicates that ferrous sulphate baked into bread is better absorbed than ferrum reductum, and is easily available for hemoglobin synthesis.A long‐term community‐based feeding trial, however, may be necessary before a final conclusion regarding the future Norwegian iron‐fortification policy is reached.