bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of saliva substitutes on oral status in patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Montaldo L. , Montaldo P. , Papa A. , Caramico N. , Toro G. 
Published: June 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1280–1283 (2010)AbstractAims  To assess oral status in a sample of Type 2 diabetic patients before and after therapy with saliva substitutes and oral status in a control group of diabetic patients who were not given saliva substitutes.Methods  Salivary flow rate was determined in 134 patients (mean age 47.9 ± 2.9 years) with Type 2 diabetes. Mean salivary rate was significantly low compared with a healthy control group. The sample of 134 patients was randomly divided into two groups of 67 people each. One group was given immunologically active salivary substitutes for 6 months, the other group was given nothing. Each patient of the two groups underwent a dental and periodontal examination at the beginning of the study and 6 months later.Results  As regards carious teeth and teeth loss, there was no statistical difference between the first group after 6 months of treatment with salivary substitutes and the control group (P > 0.01). Salivary substitutes did not significantly reduce the periodontal disease (P > 0.01). In the group treated with salivary substitutes, after 6 months of therapy, the average dental plaque index decreased from 2.3 ± 0.73 to 1.6 ± 0.56, patients with gingivitis decreased from 66 to 43% and patients with positive yeast counts decreased from 60 to 37%. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01).Conclusions  In Type 2 diabetes, in the case of hyposalivation, a therapy with immunologically active saliva substitutes can be of help in reducing the amount of plaque, gingivitis and positive yeast counts.
Evaluation of Protein Extraction Methods for Vitis vinifera Leaf and Root Proteome Analysis by Two‐Dimensional Electrophoresis
Authors: Jellouli Neila , Salem Asma Ben , Ghorbel Abdelwahed , Jouira Hatem Ben 
Published: June 2010

Abstract An efficient protein extraction method is crucial to ensure successful separation by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) for recalcitrant plant species, in particular for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Trichloroacetic acid‐acetone (TCA‐acetone) and phenol extraction methods were evaluated for proteome analysis of leaves and roots from the Tunisian cultivar ‘Razegui’. The phenol‐based protocol proved to give a higher protein yield, a greater spot resolution, and a minimal streaking on 2‐DE gels for both leaf and root tissues compared with the TCA‐based protocol. Furthermore, the highest numbers of detected proteins on 2‐DE gels were observed using the phenol extraction from leaves and roots as compared with TCA‐acetone extraction.
Bidirectional Electron Transfer in the Reaction Centre of Photosystem I
Authors: Santabarbara Stefano , Galuppini Luca , Casazza Anna Paola 
Published: June 2010

Abstract In the past decade light‐induced electron transfer reactions in photosystem I have been the subject of intensive investigations that have led to the elucidation of some unique characteristics, the most striking of which is the existence of two parallel, functional, redox active cofactors chains. This process is generally referred to as bidirectional electron transfer. Here we present a review of the principal evidences that have led to the uncovering of bidirectionality in the reaction centre of photosystem I. A special focus is dedicated to the results obtained combining time‐resolved spectroscopic techniques, either difference absorption or electron paramagnetic resonance, with molecular genetics, which allows, through modification of the binding of redox active cofactors with the reaction centre subunits, an effect on their physical‐chemical properties.
The peculiar dust shell of Nova DZ Cru (2003)
Authors: Evans A. , Gehrz R. D. , Woodward C. E. , Helton L. A. , Rushton M. T. , Bode M. F. , Krautter J. , Lyke J. , Lynch D. K. , Ness J.-U. , Starrfield S. , Truran J. W. , Wagner R. M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We present Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the ‘peculiar variable’ DZ Cru, identified by Rushton et al. as a classical nova. A dust shell, on which are superimposed a number of features, is prominent in the 5–35μm range some 4 yr after eruption. We suggest that the dust in DZ Cru is primarily hydrogenated amorphous carbon in which aliphatic bands currently predominate and which may become either predominantly aromatic as the dust is photoprocessed by ultraviolet radiation from the stellar remnant or more likely completely destroyed.
Interlaboratory variability of CD34+ stem cell enumeration. A pilot study to national external quality assessment within the Czech Republic
Authors: LYSÁK D. , KALINA T. , MARTÍNEK J. , PIKALOVÁ Z. , VOKURKOVÁ D. , JAREŠOVÁ M. , MARINOV I. , ONDREJKOVÁ A. , ŠPAČEK M. , STEHLÍKOVÁ O. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryWe present the results of a pilot study concerning the interlaboratory variability of CD34+ enumeration. Three surveys, each including a set of samples, were sent to participating Czech flow cytometry laboratories. The efficacy of this exercise was determined by the reduction in interlaboratory variation and the influence of method used on assay outcome. The variability in results of CD34+ enumeration declined with time. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) of measurement among laboratories dropped, from 58% in first survey to 32% in last survey. All tested variables (gating strategy, platform methodology, sample preparation) affected the variability of the assay. Sample preparation method was associated with a significant bias of absolute CD34+ cell counts. Initially, the outcome of the measurement was also affected by the participating laboratory (identified by a unique laboratory number; ULN). However, laboratories with poorer performance modified their protocols during the study, and the ULN ceased to influence the variability. This study was successful in reducing the interinstitutional variability of CD34+ enumeration. It was shown that the implementation of a standardized protocol does not guarantee accurate measurement. Our research design represents a useful tool, which allows verification of the proper use of a standardized method, the training of operators and feedback in response to the survey results.
Genotype-Specific Clearance of Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections among Mothers in the Finnish Family HPV Study
Authors: Louvanto Karolina , Syrjänen Kari J. , Rintala Marjut A. M. , Grénman Seija E. , Syrjänen Stina M. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

The majority of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in young women are transient, but whether the clearance differs among different HPV genotypes and the different factors predicting genotype-specific clearance are partly unknown. In the Finnish Family HPV Study, 131 of 252 women (mean age, 25.5 years) cleared their infection during the prospective follow-up of 6 years (median, 62.4 months; range, 1.6 to 94.5 months). Cervical scrapings collected at each visit were tested for 24 low-risk and high-risk (HR) HPV types with multiplex HPV genotyping. Poison regression (panel data) was used to estimate predictors for the clearance of species 7 and 9 HPV genotypes. Of all HPV genotypes detected in these women, multiple-type and HPV type 16 (HPV16) infections showed clearance least frequently (46.1% and 50.5%, respectively). The actuarial and crude mean times to first clearance were variable among different genotypes. The actuarial clearance rate (events/person-time at risk) was highest for HPV16 and multiple-type infections, while HPV66 and -82 had the highest crude clearance rate. Independent predictors increasing type-specific clearance of species 7/9 HPV genotypes were older age (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.03 to 1.18;
P
= 0.002) and baseline oral HR HPV DNA-negative status (IRR = 2.94; 95% CI, 1.03 to 8.36;
P
= 0.042), while a higher number of sexual partners during the follow-up decreased the probability of clearance (IIR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.83;
P
= 0.018). To conclude, HPV16 and multiple-type infections showed the lowest clearance among young mothers. Increasing age and negative oral HR HPV DNA status at baseline were associated with increased clearance, whereas a higher number of current sexual partners decreased the probability of species 7/9 HPV genotype clearance.
Mutations in the Circadian Gene CLOCK in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Alhopuro Pia , Björklund Mikael , Sammalkorpi Heli , Turunen Mikko , Tuupanen Sari , Biström Mia , Niittymäki Iina , Lehtonen Heli J. , Kivioja Teemu , Launonen Virpi , Saharinen Juha , Nousiainen Kari , Hautaniemi Sampsa , Nuorva Kyösti , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Järvinen Heikki , Orntoft Torben , Arango Diego , Lehtonen Rainer , Karhu Auli , Taipale Jussi , Aaltonen Lauri A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The circadian clock regulates daily variations in physiologic processes. CLOCK acts as a regulator in the circadian apparatus controlling the expression of other clock genes, including PER1. Clock genes have been implicated in cancer-related functions; in this work, we investigated CLOCK as a possible target of somatic mutations in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancers. Combining microarray gene expression data and public gene sequence information, we identified CLOCK as 1 of 790 putative novel microsatellite instability (MSI) target genes. A total of 101 MSI colorectal carcinomas (CRC) were sequenced for a coding microsatellite in CLOCK. The effect of restoring CLOCK expression was studied in LS180 cells lacking wild-type CLOCK by stably expressing GST-CLOCK or glutathione S-transferase empty vector and testing the effects of UV-induced apoptosis and radiation by DNA content analysis using flow cytometry. Putative novel CLOCK target genes were searched by using ChIP-seq. CLOCK mutations occurred in 53% of MSI CRCs. Restoring CLOCK expression in cells with biallelic CLOCK inactivation resulted in protection against UV-induced apoptosis and decreased G2-M arrest in response to ionizing radiation. Using ChIP-Seq, novel CLOCK-binding elements were identified near DNA damage genes p21, NBR1, BRCA1, and RAD50. CLOCK is shown to be mutated in cancer, and altered response to DNA damage provides one plausible mechanism of tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res; 8(7); 952–60. ©2010 AACR.
Blood Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Predict All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Pottala James V. , Garg Sachin , Cohen Beth E. , Whooley Mary A. , Harris William S. 
Published: June 2010

Background—
Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) blood levels and intake have been inversely associated with risk for sudden cardiac death, but their relationship with all-cause mortality is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which baseline blood n-3 FA levels are associated with reduced risk for all-cause mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease.

Methods and Results—

The Heart and Soul study used a prospective cohort design with a median follow-up of 5.9 years. Patients were recruited between 2000 and 2002 from 12 outpatient facilities in the San Francisco Bay Area. Standard cardiovascular risk factors, demographics, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and inflammatory markers were collected at baseline. Fasting blood levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were measured and expressed as a percent of total blood FAs. Vital status was assessed with annual telephone interviews and confirmed by review of death certificates. There were 237 deaths among 956 patients. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the extent to which blood eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were independently associated with all cause mortality. Compared with patients having baseline eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids levels below the median (<3.6%), those at or above the median had a 27% decreased risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.94). This association was unaffected by adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, center, socioeconomic status, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammatory markers (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–1.00,
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—
In these outpatients with stable coronary heart disease, blood n-3 FA levels were inversely associated with total mortality independent of standard and emerging risk factors, suggesting that reduced tissue n-3 FA levels may adversely impact metabolism.
MimoSA: a system for minimotif annotation
Authors: Vyas Jay , Nowling Ronald J , Meusburger Thomas , Sargeant David , Kadaveru Krishna , Gryk Michael R , Kundeti Vamsi , Rajasekaran Sanguthevar , Schiller Martin R 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Minimotifs are short peptide sequences within one protein, which are recognized by other proteins or molecules. While there are now several minimotif databases, they are incomplete. There are reports of many minimotifs in the primary literature, which have yet to be annotated, while entirely novel minimotifs continue to be published on a weekly basis. Our recently proposed function and sequence syntax for minimotifs enables us to build a general tool that will facilitate structured annotation and management of minimotif data from the biomedical literature.

Results
We have built the MimoSA application for minimotif annotation. The application supports management of the Minimotif Miner database, literature tracking, and annotation of new minimotifs. MimoSA enables the visualization, organization, selection and editing functions of minimotifs and their attributes in the MnM database. For the literature components, Mimosa provides paper status tracking and scoring of papers for annotation through a freely available machine learning approach, which is based on word correlation. The paper scoring algorithm is also available as a separate program, TextMine. Form-driven annotation of minimotif attributes enables entry of new minimotifs into the MnM database. Several supporting features increase the efficiency of annotation. The layered architecture of MimoSA allows for extensibility by separating the functions of paper scoring, minimotif visualization, and database management. MimoSA is readily adaptable to other annotation efforts that manually curate literature into a MySQL database.

Conclusions
MimoSA is an extensible application that facilitates minimotif annotation and integrates with the Minimotif Miner database. We have built MimoSA as an application that integrates dynamic abstract scoring with a high performance relational model of minimotif syntax. MimoSA's TextMine, an efficient paper-scoring algorithm, can be used to dynamically rank papers with respect to context.
Delta inflation: a bias in the design of randomized controlled trials in critical care medicine
Authors: Aberegg Scott K , Richards D Roxanne , O'Brien James M 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Mortality is the most widely accepted outcome measure in randomized controlled trials of therapies for critically ill adults, but most of these trials fail to show a statistically significant mortality benefit. The reasons for this are unknown.

Methods
We searched five high impact journals (Annals of Internal Medicine, British Medical Journal, JAMA, The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine) for randomized controlled trials comparing mortality of therapies for critically ill adults over a ten year period. We abstracted data on the statistical design and results of these trials to compare the predicted delta (delta; the effect size of the therapy compared to control expressed as an absolute mortality reduction) to the observed delta to determine if there is a systematic overestimation of predicted delta that might explain the high prevalence of negative results in these trials.

Results
We found 38 trials meeting our inclusion criteria. Only 5/38 (13.2%) of the trials provided justification for the predicted delta. The mean predicted delta among the 38 trials was 10.1% and the mean observed delta was 1.4% (P < 0.0001), resulting in a delta-gap of 8.7%. In only 2/38 (5.3%) of the trials did the observed delta exceed the predicted delta and only 7/38 (18.4%) of the trials demonstrated statistically significant results in the hypothesized direction; these trials had smaller delta-gaps than the remainder of the trials (delta-gap 0.9% versus 10.5%; P < 0.0001). For trials showing non-significant trends toward benefit greater than 3%, large increases in sample size (380% - 1100%) would be required if repeat trials use the observed delta from the index trial as the predicted delta for a follow-up study.

Conclusions
Investigators of therapies for critical illness systematically overestimate treatment effect size (delta) during the design of randomized controlled trials. This bias, which we refer to as "delta inflation", is a potential reason that these trials have a high rate of negative results.
"Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence."
Reducing mortality in severe sepsis with the implementation of a core 6-hour bundle: results from the Portuguese community-acquired sepsis study (SACiUCI study)
Authors: Cardoso Teresa , Carneiro António Henriques , Ribeiro Orquídea , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Costa-Pereira Altamiro 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Introduction
To evaluate the impact of compliance with a core version of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign 6-hour bundle on 28 days mortality.

Methods
Cohort, multi-centre, prospective study on community-acquired sepsis (CAS).

Results
Seventeen intensive care units (ICU) entered the study. Over a one year period, 4,142 patients were enrolled in the study. Of the 897 (24%) admitted with CAS, 778 (87%) had severe sepsis or septic shock on ICU admission. In the first six hours of hospital admission: (1) 62% had serum lactate measured; (2) 69% fluids administered; (3) 77% specimens collected for microbiology before antibiotic administration; (4) 48% blood cultures obtained; (5) 52% antibiotics administered within the first hour of the diagnosis; (6) vasopressors were given in 78%; (7) 56% had central venous measurement (CVP) measurement; (8) 17% had a central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) measurement; (9) dobutamine was administered in 52%. Compliance with all actions 1 to 6 (core bundle) was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.24-0.80] in severe sepsis and 0.49 (95% CI = 0.25-0.95) in septic shock, for 28 days mortality. This corresponded to a number needed to treat of 6 patients to save one life.

Conclusions
Compliance with this core bundle was associated with a significant reduction in the 28 days mortality. Urgent action should be taken in order to ensure that early sepsis diagnosis is followed by full completion of this "core bundle" followed by activation of expertise help in severe sepsis.
Integration of Sperm Motility and Chemotaxis Screening with a Microchannel-Based Device
Authors: Xie Lan , Ma Rui , Han Chao , Su Kai , Zhang Qiufang , Qiu Tian , Wang Lei , Huang Guoliang , Qiao Jie , Wang Jundong , Cheng Jing 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND
Sperm screening is an essential step in in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. The swim-up method, an assay for sperm motility, is used clinically to select the ideal sperm for subsequent manipulation. However, additional parameters, including acrosome reaction capability, chemotaxis, and thermotaxis, are also important indicators of mammalian sperm health. To monitor both sperm motility and chemotaxis simultaneously during sperm screening, we designed and constructed a microdevice comprising a straight channel connected with a bibranch channel that mimics the mammalian female reproductive tract.

METHODS
The width and length of the straight channel were optimized to select the motile sperms. We selectively cultured cumulus cells in the bibranch channel to generate a chemoattractant-forming chemical gradient. Sperm chemotaxis was represented by the ratio of the sperm swimming toward different branches.

RESULTS
The percentage of motile sperms improved from 58.5% (3.8%) to 82.6% (2.9%) by a straight channel 7 mm in length and 1 mm in width. About 10% of sperms were found to be chemotactically responsive in our experiment, which is consistent with previous studies.

CONCLUSIONS
For the first time, we achieved the combined evaluation of both sperm motility and chemotaxis. The motile and chemotactically responsive sperms can easily be enriched on a lab-on-a-chip device to improve IVF outcome.
Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Chitosan Combination on Bone Regeneration in Experimental Rabbit Cranial Defects
Authors: Oktay ErolÖzgür , Demiralp Bahtiyar , Demiralp Burak , Senel Sevda , Cevdet Akman Abdullah , Eratalay Kenan , Akıncıbay Hakan 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of chitosan sponge and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel alone as well as their combination on bone regeneration in rabbit cranial defects. Four cranial defects with a 4.5-mm diameter were created in rabbit cranium and grafted with PRP, chitosan sponge alone, and chitosan sponge incorporated with PRP. The rabbits were killed by the fourth and eighth weeks, and the defects were analyzed histologically. Higher bone formation was observed in the PRP group when compared with the other groups at weeks 4 and 8. All parts of the defects were filled with thick trabecular new bone in the PRP group. The amount of new bone formation in the control groups was found to be less when compared with the PRP group and the least in the chitosan group. The defects that were filled with chitosan sponge showed a limited amount of new bone formation and an obvious fibrous demarcation line between chitosan particles and bone. Application of PRP showed a histological tendency toward increased bone formation. Other forms or derivatives of chitosan may have beneficial effects to achieve new bone regeneration.
An Alternate Pressure-Free Functional Impression Technique for Implant-Retained Overdentures
Authors: Uludag Bulent 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Overdenture treatment provides an esthetic and functional result that allows proper access for hygiene and maintenance. For implant-retained overdentures to be successful, functional loads must be distributed optimally to the mucosa and the abutments. For this purpose, impressions must record the soft tissue supporting areas simultaneously with accurate registration of the implant components. Usually, finger pressure is used to make functional impressions. This article describes an alternate pressure-free functional impression technique for implant-retained overdentures.
Les causes psychosociologiques de l'addiction dans une société capitaliste
Authors: Brugvin Thierry 
Published: June 2010

Résumé Pour expliquer les causes des addictions, on observe une circularité entre la dimension psychologique liée à l’éducation dans l’enfance et les déterminismes économiques et idéologiques. Le capitalisme et les carences démocratiques restent les causes principales des différentes formes d’addictions, avec la dimension psychologique. Nous examinerons ainsi les différentes dimensions psychosociologiques des mécanismes de l’addiction à la consommation, au pouvoir, à la reconnaissance sociale. Enfin, nous verrons en quoi l’autolimitation, la « simplicité volontaire » peuvent être des remèdes contre l’addiction à la consommation, à la violence et à la démesure.