bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Triggered Thermoelectric Conversion Based on a Carbon Nanotube–Polymer Hybrid Gel
Authors: Miyako Eijiro , Nagata Hideya , Funahashi Ryoji , Hirano Ken , Hirotsu Takahiro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLights? Nanotubes? Action! A hydrogel comprising lysozymes, poly(ethylene glycol), phospholipids, and functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes is employed for light‐driven thermoelectric conversion. A photoinduced thermoelectric conversion module based on the hydrogel functions as a novel electric power generator (see image). This concept may find application in various industries, such as robotics and aerospace engineering.magnified image
Electromagnetic Functional Urchin‐Like Hollow Carbon Spheres Carbonized by Polyaniline Micro/Nanostructures Containing FeCl3 as a Precursor
Authors: Zhu Ying , Li Jiuming , Wan Meixiang , Jiang Lei 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHollow, urchin‐like carbon spheres with electromagnetic function were prepared by a carbonization process at 1200 °C under an argon atmosphere by using template‐free‐synthesized, urchin‐like, hollow spheres of polyaniline containing FeCl3 as the precursors. The resulting hollow, urchin‐like carbon spheres not only have a high conductivity at room temperature (≈12.3 S cm–1), but they also exhibit ferromagnetic properties. The high conductivity at room temperature results from the graphite‐like structure, whereas α‐Fe or γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles produced by FeCl3 during the carbonization at 1200 °C are attributed to the ferromagnetic properties. Interestingly, the electromagnetic functional hollowurchin‐like carbon spheres could be used as a reversible dye adsorbent. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A General Route to Cyclopeptide Alkaloids: Total Syntheses and Biological Evaluation of Paliurines E and F, Ziziphines N and Q, Abyssenine A, Mucronine E, and Analogues
Authors: Toumi Mathieu , Rincheval Vincent , Young Ashley , Gergeres Danielle , Turos Edward , Couty François , Mignotte Bernard , Evano Gwilherm 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA full account of the total syntheses of the cyclopeptide alkaloids paliurine E and F, ziziphine N and Q, abyssenine A, and mucronine E is provided. A key feature of the syntheses involves an intramolecular amidation of a vinyl iodide, which allows us simultaneously to address two synthetic challenges associated with cyclopeptide alkaloids: the formation of the enamide and macrocyclization. We also document the use of other strategies for the macrocyclization step, as well as the evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of the natural products and analogues obtained. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Forecasting in large cointegrated processes
Authors: Chigira Hiroaki , Yamamoto Taku 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt is widely recognized that taking cointegration relationships into consideration is useful in forecasting cointegrated processes. However, there are a few practical problems when forecasting large cointegrated processes using the well‐known vector error correction model. First, it is hard to identify the cointegration rank in large models. Second, since the number of parameters to be estimated tends to be large relative to the sample size in large models, estimators will have large standard errors, and so will forecasts. The purpose of the present paper is to propose a new procedure for forecasting large cointegrated processes which is free from the above problems. In our Monte Carlo experiment, we find that our forecast gains accuracy when we work with a larger model as long as the ratio of the cointegration rank to the number of variables in the process is high. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Directed graphs, information structure and forecast combinations: an empirical examination of US unemployment rates
Authors: Wang Zijun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPrevious studies show that it is not always optimal to combine forecasts of alternative models. In this paper, we propose to use the recent advances in modeling directed acyclic graphs to study the issue of forecast combinations. In forecasting US unemployment rates, we demonstrate that the proposed procedure can be a useful tool for comparing information in rival forecasts and guiding the combination of individual forecasts.  Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effect of Thermal Cycling on Residual Stress and Curvature of Anode‐Supported SOFCs
Authors: Sun B. , Rudkin R. A. , Atkinson A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe residual stress in the electrolyte and the cell curvature of two types of anode‐supported SOFC were measured after manufacture, after anode reduction and as a function of thermal cycling between room temperature and 900 °C. The simple cells had Ni(O)/YSZ anode supports and 8YSZ electrolytes whereas compensated cells had an additional 8YSZ layer on the opposite side to counteract bending. The electrolyte residual stress was ∼–600 MPa in both types after fabrication and the curvature of the simple cells was consistent with only elastic bending. On reduction, electrolyte stress decreased to about –450 MPa for simple cells, but remained unchanged for compensated cells. The curvature of the simple cells at this stage was much larger than expected for elastic bending due to considerable plastic deformation during reduction. On thermal cycling the electrolyte stress gradually increased to ∼–610 MPa (30 cycles) and –880 MPa (50 cycles) for simple and compensated cells respectively due to an increase in thermal expansion coefficient of the anode substrate. No evidence of fatigue damage was found. Sealing the cells into Crofer metal frames had only a small effect on electrolyte stress, but the seals failed after 25 cycles.
Effects of Ozone on the Performance of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Franck‐Lacaze L. , Bonnet C. , Besse S. , Lapicque F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe effects of ozone at concentrations near 1000 vppm in air on the performance of a single polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) were investigated. Ozone was injected to the cathode alternately with far longer operation periods at 0.54 A cm–2 with ozone‐free air. Impedance spectra were recorded before, during and after exposure to ozone. After the first ozone injection, the loss in voltage was reversible, so were the changes in the resistances of the cell. Subsequent injection periods damaged irreversibly the PEMFC assembly. TEM observations with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis of the various parts of the PEMFC assembly together with the variations of the resistances allowed the ageing mechanism to be highlighted. Ozone was shown to allow partial dissolution of the Pt of the cathode catalyst. The charge transfer resistance was noticeably increased accordingly. Platinum re‐precipitated in the membrane bulk, and was also observed in the cathode‐side GDL. In addition, the likely degradation of the polymer near the triple‐point in the cathode could hinder gas solubility and water removal, as indicated by larger diffusion resistances.
Dissipative synchronization of nonautonomous and random systems
Authors: Kloeden P. E. , Pavani R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecent results on the dissipative synchronization of nonanutonomous and random dynamical systems are discussed as well as new mathematical ideas and tools from the theories of nonautonomous and random dynamical systems that are needed for their formulation and investigation (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlinearities in Financial Engineering
Authors: Seydel R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThere are several kinds of nonlinearities in financial engineering. They range from the modeling of market mechanisms to numerical schemes and to bifurcation phenomena. This paper discusses some related issues. The bifurcation problem is a model of volatility clustering due to Lux (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Germline hypermethylation of MLH1 and EPCAM deletions are a frequent cause of Lynch syndrome
Authors: Niessen Renée C. , Hofstra Robert M. W. , Westers Helga , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J. L. , Kooi Krista , Jager Paul O. J. , de Groote Marloes L. , Dijkhuizen Trijnie , Olderode‐Berends Maran J. W. , Hollema Harry , Kleibeuker Jan H. , Sijmons Rolf H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt was shown that Lynch syndrome can be caused by germline hypermethylation of the MLH1 and MSH2 promoters. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated very recently that germline deletions of the 3′ region of EPCAM cause transcriptional read‐through which results in silencing of MSH2 by hypermethylation. We wanted to determine the prevalence of germline MLH1 promoter hypermethylation and of germline and somatic MSH2 promoter hypermethylation in a large group of Lynch syndrome‐suspected patients. From a group of 331 Lynch Syndrome‐suspected patients we selected cases, who had no germline MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6 mutation and whose tumors showed loss of MLH1 or MSH2, or, if staining was unavailable, had a tumor with microsatellite instability. Methylation assays were performed to test these patients for germline MLH1 and/or MSH2 promoter hypermethylation. Two patients with germline MLH1 promoter hypermethylation and no patients with germline MSH2 promoter hypermethylation were identified. In the subgroup screened for germline MSH2 promoter hypermethylation, we identified 3 patients with somatic MSH2 promoter hypermethylation in their tumors, which was caused by a germline EPCAM deletion. In the group of 331 Lynch Syndrome‐suspected patients, the frequencies of germline MLH1 promoter hypermethylation and somatic MSH2 promoter hypermethylation caused by germline EPCAM deletions are 0.6 and 0.9%, respectively. These mutations, therefore, seem to be rather infrequent. However, the contribution of germline MLH1 hypermethylation and EPCAM deletions to the genetically proven Lynch syndrome cases in this cohort is very high. Previously 27 pathogenic mutations were identified; the newly identified mutations now represent 16% of all mutations. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microglial precursors derived from mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Napoli Isabella , Kierdorf Katrin , Neumann Harald 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMicroglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system. They can be directly isolated from the brain or from mixed postnatal glial cultures. Isolation of primary microglia is inefficient due to low yield. The cell line BV2 was used as a substitute for primary microglia, but BV2 are oncogenically transformed cells. Here, we established a protocol to generate microglial precursor lines from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Microglial precursor cells were obtained from murine ES cells by differentiation of embryoid bodies to microglia within a mixed brain culture. Several independent ES cell‐derived microglial precursor (ESdM) lines were generated and characterized by flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and functional assays. All ESdM showed expression of IBa1, CD11b, CD45, F4/80, CD49d, and CD29, but were negative for cKit and CD34. Stimulation with interferon‐γ or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) demonstrated upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine gene transcription including nitric oxide synthase‐2, interleukin‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α at levels comparable to primary microglia. The ESdM showed efficient and rapid phagocytosis of microsphere beads, which was increased after stimulation with LPS. ESdM expressed the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 and demonstrated directed migration toward the ligand CX3CL1. After in vivo transplantation into postnatal brain tissue, ESdM showed engraftment as cells with a microglial phenotype and morphology. Thus, ESdM are stable proliferating cells substantially having most characteristics of primary microglia and therefore being a suitable tool to study microglial function in vitro and in vivo. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulatory role of cytosolic phospholipase A2α in NADPH oxidase activity and in inducible nitric oxide synthase induction by aggregated Aβ1–42 in microglia
Authors: Szaingurten‐Solodkin I. , Hadad N. , Levy R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn Alzheimer's disease, extracellular deposits of amyloid β1–42 (Aβ1–42) may induce activation of microglial cells by releasing proinflammatory factors that contribute to the neurodegeneration process. Since the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) has been reported in inflammatory conditions, its role in primary rat microglial cell activated by aggregated Aβ1–42 was elucidated. The results of the present study show that activation of microglia by 5 μM aggregated Aβ1–42 (as evident by the amoeboid morphology and increased CD68 immunofluorescence reactivity) caused an immediate activation of cPLA2α, measured by its phosphorylated form and its specific activity, followed by a gradual elevation of its expression and activity during 24 h. Inhibition of cPLA2α expression and activity by the presence of 1 μM specific antisense resulted in a significant decrease in NADPH oxidase activity that releases superoxides, PGE2 formation, iNOS expression, and NO production, indicating a major role for cPLA2α in the regulation of these inflammatory processes. NADPH oxidase activity, which is under cPLA2α regulation, was found to upregulate cPLA2α and COX‐2 protein expression through the redox‐sensitive NFκB activation as evident by its phosphorylation on Ser‐536, resulting in increased PGE2 formation. The secreted PGE2 induced the synthesis of iNOS and the production of NO through the PKA‐CREB pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that the response of cPLA2α to aggregated Aβ1–42 is probably a key player in the oxidative stress present in AD, regulating potent oxidative agents: the production of superoxides by NADPH oxidase and NO formation by iNOS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurotrophin‐3 targets the translational initiation machinery in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Coelho Rochelle P. , Yuelling Larra M. , Fuss Babette , Sato‐Bigbee Carmen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNeurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) regulates oligodendrocyte (OLG) differentiation by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Exposure of OLGs to NT‐3 induces a significant increase in the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP). However, we found that this stimulation occurs in the absence of measurable effects on MBP gene promoter activation or mRNA expression, suggesting that NT‐3 upregulates MBP protein expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Furthermore, NT‐3 also causes an increase in the levels of myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) and myelin OLG glycoprotein (MOG), raising the possibility of a more general effect on myelin protein synthesis. Surprisingly, 35S‐methionine incorporation into total OLG proteins demonstrated a 50% increase in labeling following only a brief, 15‐min treatment with NT‐3. Such a remarkably fast response is unlikely due to transcriptional activation, reinforcing the possibility that NT‐3 may play a crucial role in regulating protein expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. In support of this idea, we found that NT‐3 stimulates the phosphorylation of essential regulators of the initiation machinery, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), and its inhibitory binding partner 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1), two crucial players in controlling cap‐dependent protein synthesis. This stimulation involves the activation of pathways mediated by ERK1/2 and PI3K/mTOR, implicating these two kinase systems as modulators of protein synthesis in developing OLGs. Altogether, these observations show for the first time that NT‐3 has the capacity of targeting the translational machinery and suggest a potential stimulatory effect of this neurotrophin on myelination by direct action on protein translation in the OLGs. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IL‐1β induces MMP‐9 expression via a Ca2+‐dependent CaMKII/JNK/c‐JUN cascade in rat brain astrocytes
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Ying , Hsieh Hsi‐Lung , Sun Chi‐Chin , Yang Chuen‐Mao 
Published: May 2009

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐1β has been shown to induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 expression through mitogen‐activated protein kinases, including JNK, in rat brain astrocyte‐1 (RBA‐1) cells. However, little is known about whether JNK activated by Ca2+‐dependent CaMKII is associated with MMP‐9 expression induced by IL‐1β. Here, we report that the Ca2+/CaMKII/JNK/c‐Jun participates in the MMP‐9 expression induced by IL‐1β. Zymographic, Western blotting, and RT‐PCR analyses showed that IL‐1β‐induced expression of MMP‐9 mRNA and protein was attenuated by Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA), and the inhibitors of ER Ca2+‐ATPase (thapsigargin), CaMKII (KN‐62), and JNK1/2 (SP600125). IL‐1β also stimulated phosphorylation of CaMKII and JNK1/2, and increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), which were inhibited by pretreatment with BAPTA, thapsigargin (TG), KN‐62, or SP600125. Furthermore, the upregulation of MMP‐9 protein was blocked by transfection with c‐Jun or CaMKII short hairpin RNA (shRNA). We further confirmed that IL‐1β stimulated c‐Jun associated with AP‐1‐binding sites within MMP‐9 promoter (−87 to −80 bp and −511 to −497 bp) by immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐PCR assays. The activation and recruitment of c‐Jun to MMP‐9 promoter were inhibited by pretreatment with BAPTA, TG, KN‐62, or SP600125. Moreover, IL‐1β‐induced MMP‐9 gene transcription by AP‐1 was confirmed by transfection with a MMP‐9 promoter‐luciferase reporter plasmid with a distal AP‐1‐binding site (−511 to −497 bp) adjacent to an Ets‐binding site‐mutation (mt‐AP1/Ets‐MMP‐9). These results demonstrated that in RBA‐1 cells, JNK/c‐Jun activation was mediated through a Ca2+‐dependent CaMKII pathway that promoted transcription factor c‐Jun/AP‐1 recruitment and eventually led to increase in MMP‐9 expression by IL‐1β. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axonal plasticity elicits long‐term changes in oligodendroglia and myelinated fibers
Authors: Drøjdahl Nina , Nielsen Helle Hvilsted , Gardi Jonathan E. , Wree Andreas , Peterson Alan C. , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Eyer Joël , Finsen Bente 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAxons are linked to induction of myelination during development and to the maintenance of myelin and myelinated tracts in the adult CNS. Currently, it is unknown whether and how axonal plasticity in adult CNS impacts the myelinating cells and their precursors. In this article, we report that newly formed axonal sprouts are able to induce a protracted myelination response in adult CNS. We show that newly formed axonal sprouts, induced by lesion of the entorhino–hippocampal perforant pathway, have the ability to induce a myelination response in stratum radiatum and lucidum CA3. The lesion resulted in significant recruitment of newly formed myelinating cells, documented by incorporation of the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine into chondroitin sulphate NG2 expressing cells in stratum radiatum and lucidum CA3 early after lesion, and the occurrence of a 28% increase in the number of oligodendrocytes, of which some had incorporated bromodeoxyuridine, 9 weeks post‐lesion. Additionally, a marked increase (41%) in myelinated fibres was detected in silver stained sections. Interestingly, these apparently new fibres achieved the same axon diameter as unlesioned mice but myelin thickness remained thinner than normal, suggesting that the sprouting axons in stratum radiatum and lucidum CA3 were not fully myelinated 9 weeks after lesion. Our combined results show that sprouting axons provide a strong stimulus to oligodendrocyte lineage cells to engage actively in the myelination processes in the adult CNS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parotid mass in a woman with multiple cutaneous cylindromas
Authors: Scott Andrew R. , Faquin William C. , Deschler Daniel G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground.Familial autosomal dominant cylindromatosis (FADC) is a rare disease characterized by multiple cutaneous cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas, and spiradenomas. We present a case of a woman with scalp lesions and a parotid mass.Methods.Biopsy of a skin nodule demonstrated cylindroma, and fine‐needle aspiration of the parotid mass suggested membranous basal cell adenoma, which was confirmed following superficial parotidectomy. The study includes case report and review of the literature.Results.Eighteen cases of cylindromatosis with coexistent salivary gland membranous basal cell adenoma were reported. Seventeen cases involved the parotid gland; there are 2 reports of malignant transformation.Conclusion.FADC should be considered in anyone with coexistent dermal and salivary gland neoplasms. Membranous basal cell adenoma may be mistaken for adenoid cystic carcinoma on cytologic or histologic examination. Total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation or superficial parotidectomy with close follow‐up is recommended, as multifocality and malignant transformation exist. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Snow water equivalent estimation in the Mallero basin using snow gauge data and MODIS images and fieldwork validation
Authors: Bavera Davide , De Michele Carlo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSnow accumulation and ablation rule the temporal dynamics of water availability in mountain areas and cold regions. In these environments, the evaluation of the snow water amount is a key issue. The spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) over a mountain basin at the end of the snow accumulation season is estimated using a minimal statistical model (SWE‐SEM). This uses systematic observations such as ground measurements collected at snow gauges and snow‐covered area (SCA) data retrieved by remote sensors, here MODIS. Firstly, SWE‐SEM calculates local SWE estimates at snow gauges, then the spatial distribution of SWE over a certain area using an interpolation method; linear regressions of the first two order moments of SWE with altitude. The interpolation has been made by both confining and unconfining the spatial domain by SCA. SWE‐SEM is applied to the Mallero basin (northern Italy) for calculating the snow water equivalent at the end of the winter season for 6 years (2001–2007). For 2007, SWE‐SEM estimates are validated through fieldwork measurements collected during an ‘ad hoc’ campaign on March 31, 2007. Snow‐surveyed measurements are used to check SCA, snow density and SWE estimates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peroxisome matrix and membrane protein biogenesis
Authors: Ma Changle , Subramani Suresh 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPeroxisomes play an important role in lipid metabolic pathways and are implicated in many human disorders. Their biogenesis has been studied over the last two decades using many uni and multi‐cellular model systems and many aspects of the mechanisms and proteins involved in peroxisome biogenesis are conserved from yeast to humans. In this manuscript we review the recent progress made in our understanding of the mechanisms by which matrix and membrane proteins are sorted to and assembled into peroxisomes. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life 61(7): 713–722, 2009