bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The downstream impact of tropical cyclones on a developing baroclinic wave in idealized scenarios of extratropical transition
Authors: Riemer Michael , Jones Sarah C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe interaction of a tropical cyclone with a developing baroclinic wave is investigated in an idealized scenario of extratropical transition (ET). The impact of ET is examined by comparing and analyzing two numerical baroclinic‐wave experiments: a traditional experiment in which baroclinic development is excited by a localized upper‐level perturbation on a realistic jet profile and an experiment in which, additionally, a model tropical cyclone is inserted south of the jet at the initial time.ET occurs in a wavy upper‐level flow while baroclinic surface systems are still weak. The characteristic direct impact of ET on the midlatitude flow is the formation of a distinct jet streak and the amplification of a ridge–trough couplet in the adjacent downstream region. The subsequent rapid cyclogenesis downstream is a direct consequence of these upper‐level flow modifications. This faster and stronger development constitutes the amplification of the leading edge of downstream development. Both the upper‐level wave pattern and the surface development are subsequently amplified in the region further downstream.The formation of the ridge adjacent to the intensified downstream cyclone is analyzed in detail to elucidate the next stage in the downstream dispersion of the ET impact. Ridge‐building in the ET scenario exhibits characteristics distinct from those in the life‐cycle experiment. Wave breaking, feedback from the modified low‐level frontal structure and diabatic processes all contribute to the high‐amplitude wave pattern downstream of ET.The downstream impact of ET is highly sensitive to the initial storm location and intensity. The considerable amplification of the leading edge found in the reference experiment is the most widespread and rapidly propagating impact. We thus speculate that this leading edge represents an optimal location of the midlatitude circulation, where ET can lead to the most significant impact on the downstream flow. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Theoretical studies of reactivity and selectivity in some organic reactions
Authors: Meneses Lorena , Araya Andrea , Pilaquinga Fernanda , Espín Michelle , Carrillo Pamela , Sánchez Freddy 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSome organic reactions with biological or commercial interest have been studied by using reactivity and selectivity indices proposed in the density functional theory. The reactions studied include the electrophilic additions, the Baeyer‐Villiger oxidations, and the nucleophilic substitutions. For the study, the concepts of electrophilicity and nucleophilicity have been applied as reactivity descriptors. The local hardness has been applied as well as a selectivity descriptor. In this way, the reactivity and selectivity patterns have been studied for the reactants involved in these organic reactions. They have been ranked in theoretical scales which are comparable with experimental scales obtained from kinetic data. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 110:2360–2370, 2010
Towards a unified formulation of dynamics and thermodynamics. I. From microscopic to macroscopic time scales
Authors: Durand Philippe , Paidarová Ivana 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe go a step further on the path opened in the mid‐1950s by Prigogine and his collaborators towards a unified description of dynamics and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Here, the theory is developed from concepts and methods originating in the quantum theory of resonances. The Liouville–von Neumann equation is solved by means of effective Liouvillians, which are similar to the effective Hamiltonians used in quantum mechanics. Hierarchies of effective Liouvillians allow us to determine the long macroscopic time scales from short microscopic characteristic times. For that purpose, standard perturbation theory is used in the complex plane. Damped and oscillating irreversible decays of a fluctuation are described by means of a two‐dimensional matrix representation of the Liouvillian. Finally, we derive a kinetic equation for a simple model of a chemical reaction proceeding towards equilibrium. The model implies a transition state assimilated to a short‐lived resonance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Rapid characterization of high/low producer CHO cells using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight
Authors: Feng Hua‐tao , Wong Niki S. C. , Sim Lyn Chiin , Wati Lydia , Ho Yingswan , Lee May May 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn intact‐cell mass spectrometry (ICM) method using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) was evaluated for the screening of stable recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, an important mammalian cell line in bioprocessing. With rapid and simple cell pretreatments, viabilities of cells could be rapidly distinguished on the different fingerprints of mass spectra. Detectable m/z values on cell surfaces and their relative intensities were processed by two biostatistical methods, principle components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS), with promising results. Discrimination among cell lines with different expressed recombinant proteins or different productivities could be achieved. The ICM method has the advantage of providing multiple parameters simultaneously and possesses the potential to become a powerful method for routine monitoring of bioprocesses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved detection of reactive metabolites with a bromine‐containing glutathione analog using mass defect and isotope pattern matching
Authors: LeBlanc André , Shiao Tze Chieh , Roy René , Sleno Lekha 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDrug bioactivation leading to the formation of reactive species capable of covalent binding to proteins represents an important cause of drug‐induced toxicity. Reactive metabolite detection usinginvitromicrosomal incubations is a crucial step in assessing potential toxicity of pharmaceutical compounds. The most common method for screening the formation of these unstable, electrophilic species is by trapping them with glutathione (GSH) followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis. The present work describes the use of a brominated analog of glutathione,N‐(2‐bromocarbobenzyloxy)‐GSH (GSH‐Br), for theinvitroscreening of reactive metabolites by LC/MS. This novel trapping agent was tested with four drug compounds known to form reactive metabolites, acetaminophen, fipexide, trimethoprim and clozapine.Invitrorat microsomal incubations were performed with GSH and GSH‐Br for each drug with subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry on an electrospray time‐of‐flight (ESI‐TOF) instrument. A generic LC/MS method was used for data acquisition, followed by drug‐specific processing of accurate mass data based on mass defect filtering and isotope pattern matching. GSH and GSH‐Br incubations were compared to control samples using differential analysis (Mass Profiler) software to identify adducts formed via the formation of reactive metabolites. In all four cases, GSH‐Br yielded improved results, with a decreased false positive rate, increased sensitivity and new adducts being identified in contrast to GSH alone. The combination of using this novel trapping agent with powerful processing routines for filtering accurate mass data and differential analysis represents a very reliable method for the identification of reactive metabolites formed in microsomal incubations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of QFT bounds for robust tracking specifications for plants with affinely dependent uncertainties
Authors: Yang Shih‐Feng 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient algorithm for the generation of QFT bounds for robust tracking specifications for plants with affinely dependent uncertainties. For a plant withmaffinely dependent uncertainties, it is shown that whether a point in the Nichols chart lies in the QFT bound for a robust tracking specification at a given frequency can be easily tested by computing the maxima and minima ofm2m−1univariate functions corresponding to the edges of the parameter domain box. This test procedure is then utilized along with a pivoting procedure to trace out the boundary of the QFT bound with a prescribed accuracy or resolution. The developed algorithm has the advantages that (1) it is efficient in the sense that it requires less floating point operations than other existing algorithms in the literature; (2) it can avoid the unfavorable trade‐off between the computational burden and the accuracy of the computed QFT bounds that has arisen in the application of many existing QFT‐bound generation algorithms; (3) the maximum allowable error of the computed QFT bound can be prespecified; and (4) it can compute QFT bounds with multi‐valued boundaries. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the proposed algorithm and its computational superiority. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental validation and field performance metrics of a hybrid mobile robot mechanism
Authors: Ben‐Tzvi Pinhas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the experimental validation and field testing of a novel hybrid mobile robot (HMR) system using a complete physical prototype. The mobile robot system consists of a hybrid mechanism whereby the locomotion platform and manipulator arm are designed as one entity to support both locomotion and manipulation symbiotically and interchangeably. The mechanical design is briefly described along with the related control hardware architecture based on an embedded onboard wireless communication network between the robot's subsystems, including distributed onboard power using Li‐ion batteries. The paper focuses on demonstrating through extensive experimental results the qualitative and quantitative field performance improvements of the mechanical design and how it significantly enhances mobile robot functionality in terms of the new operative locomotion and manipulation capabilities that it provides. In terms of traversing challenging obstacles, the robot was able to surmount cylindrical obstacles up to 0.6‐m diameter; cross ditches with at least 0.635‐m width; climb and descend step obstacles up to 0.7‐m height; and climb and descend stairs of different materials (wood, metal, concrete, plastic plaster, etc.), different stair riser and run sizes, and inclinations up to 60 deg. The robot also demonstrated the ability to manipulate objects up to 61 kg before and after flipping over, including pushing capacity of up to 61 kg when lifting objects from underneath. The above‐mentioned functions are critical in various challenging applications, such as search and rescue missions, military and police operations, and hazardous site inspections. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bond strength of Y‐TZP–zirconia ceramics subjected to various surface roughening methods and layering porcelain
Authors: Kim S. T. , Cho H. J. , Lee Y. K. , Choi S. H. , Moon H. S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe interface between yttrium oxide partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y‐TZP) core and veneering porcelain is the site of most clinical failures. Many efforts have focused on increasing the bond strength between Y‐TZP core and veneering porcelain, and such approaches include increasing the surface roughness and providing undercuts. However, each surface roughening method carries limitations. The specific aim of this study was to test the bond strengths of Y‐TZP subjected to different methods (sandblasting, fine polising, and rough polising) and of veneering porcelain. Presintered zirconia blocks with rectangular parallelepiped shape were prepared, and the surfaces were roughened with different methods before sintering. Shear strength of each zirconia–veneer interface was measured from 15 specimens. The surface at the fractured areas after shear test was investigated using an optical microscope. In conclusion, Y‐TZP subjected to sandblasting showed inferior shear strength compared to other groups. Cohesive fracture was observed in the sandblasting group; combination of cohesive and adhesive fracture was observed in the control, fine polishing, and rough polishing groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy loss function for Si determined from reflection electron energy loss spectra with factor analysis method
Authors: Jin Hua , Yoshikawa Hideki , Tanuma Shigeo , Tougaard Sven 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Si energy loss function (ELF) for energy loss ΔE less than 30 eV was obtained from experimental λ(E)K(ΔE) distributions using a factor analysis method. λ(E)K(ΔE), which are the products of the inelastic mean free path (IMFP) [λ(E)] and the differential inverse IMFPs or inelastic scattering cross sections [K(ΔE)], were obtained from angle‐resolved REELS at various primary beam energies with QUASES‐XS‐REELS software. The application of the factor analysis method to determine the ELF is described in detail. We performed factor analysis on the data matrix formed by λ(E)K(ΔE) spectra to separate surface‐ and bulk‐loss components. Finally, the ELF for Si was derived from extracted bulk‐loss component by an iterative calculation. The resulting ELF is in good agreement with the ELF from Palik's optical data. The suggested approach should be applicable as a general method to determine ELF from REELS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XPS/TEM characterisation of PtAu/C cathode electrocatalysts prepared by metal vapour synthesis
Authors: Vasil'kov A. Yu. , Naumkin A. V. , Volkov I. O. , Podshibikhin V. L. , Lisichkin G. V. , Khokhlov A. R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMonometallic Pt/C, Au/C and bimetallic PtAu/C nanocomposites have been prepared by metal vapour synthesis using Vulcan XC‐72R carbon support. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the structure and properties of the metallic nanoparticles. XPS data show the absence of any significant electron transfer in bimetallic PtAu/C system prepared by successive deposition of Au and Pt nanoparticles. The only evidence of PtAu interaction is the narrowing Au 4f peaks in PtAu/C catalyst in comparison with those of Au/C system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TOF‐SIMS characterization of pigments and binders in ‘the Martyrdom of St. Catherine’, in Zejtun (Malta)
Authors: Tognazzi Antonio , Lapucci Roberta , Martini Silvia , Leone Gemma , Magnani Agnese , Rossi Claudio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe conservation of cultural heritage objects requires a profound knowledge of materials and technologies used for its production. In this field, the development of combined analytical approaches and the use of completely nondestructive and surface techniques are desirable. Moreover, surface techniques are well suited to study both the composition and the spatial organization of heterogeneous complex mixtures of organic and inorganic matter. In this field, the time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) is one of the most successfully applied techniques for the characterization of inorganic and organic components of a wide range of materials. In this paper, ToF‐SIMS was used to nondestructively analyze two microsamples of the The Martyrdom of Saint Catherine (a painting attributed to Francesco Cassarino, conserved in the church of Saint Catherine in Zejtun—Malta), showing an innovative approach for the characterization of pigments and binders in paintings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corrosion resistance of ZnNiP+Ni composite coatings
Authors: Kubisztal J. , Niedbała J. , Budniok A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractZnNiP+Ni composite coatings were prepared by embedding nickel particles into ZnNiP alloy using ammonia solution in which Ni powder was suspended by stirring. Such coatings have been deposited on a 0H18N9 stainless steel substrate under galvanostatic conditions (j = −40 mA cm−2), and at a temperature of 293 K. In order to investigate corrosion properties of the as‐deposited and annealed (593 K for 2 h in argon atmosphere) ZnNiP+Ni composite coatings in 5% NaCl environment potentiodynamic technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used. It was stated that thermal treatment strongly improved the corrosion parameters of the examined ZnNiP+Ni composite coatings, and also that better corrosion properties result from i) improved corrosion properties of the oxide layer; and ii) the presence of new γNi5Zn21 phase in composite matrix. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Titanium surfaces structured with regular geometry—material investigations and cell morphology
Authors: Lange R. , Elter P. , Biala K. , Matschegewski C. , Stählke S. , Löffler R. , Fleischer M. , Nebe J. B. , Kern D. , Beck U. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMathematical modeling of the cell–material contact demands a thorough characterization of both the material surface and the cellular reaction. In earlier investigations we used stochastic material surfaces for this purpose. Also, other groups working on the same or similar subject used such stochastically structured material surfaces. In continuation of this work we now use fine‐structured material surfaces with well‐defined regular geometry because a stepwise and systematic variation of the structural parameters of geometrically defined surfaces makes it easier to find the characteristic parameters for modeling the cell–material interface. To begin with, we used grooves with rectangular profiles and cubic pillars. The grooves were etched in silicon by dry etching and then were sputter coated with 100 nm titanium. Arrays of cubic photo resist pillars with vertical side walls in different dimensions were obtained by a photolithographic process and were also sputter coated with 100 nm titanium. The samples were characterized by SEM and electrochemical methods. Human osteoblastic cells MG‐63 (ATCC, LGC promochem, Manassas, USA) were cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) at 37 °C and 5% CO2. MG‐63 cells grown on microstructures within 24 h were visualized by SEM. We observed that cells on the grooved surfaces grew along the grooves mainly adhering to the horizontal edges of the material surface, whereas on the pillar structures the cells lie on the top of the pillars and are well spread. But the direction of spreading on the pillars is also determined by the horizontal and vertical edges of the surface structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contamination inspection on wafer with oxide or nitride film by using a vibrating contact potential difference probe
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Peng , Hong Chih‐Lun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractContamination inspection on the oxide and nitride films deposited on silicon wafer surface by using vibrating contact potential difference (CPD) probe is presented in this paper. Contaminants induce the variation of the CPD between a dielectric layer and the probe material. However, the screening effect of the charges on the surface, interface and in the dielectric layer overwhelms the contamination signals when using the vibrating CPD monitor. This obstacle can be overcome using the signal characteristic diagnosis by which most of the charge signals can be filtered out. The validity of this approach was verified by means of the vapor phase decomposition coupling with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (VPD‐ICP‐MS), and we found that the filtrated contamination signals were correlated closely with the metallic concentration. Moreover, the proper annealing process could enhance the response signals of contaminants, especially for Ni and Cu, in the nitride film monitoring. This inspection method was effectively applied in the trace metallic contamination routine monitor and the contamination source tracing of the furnace tools. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pt2 + , 4+ ions in CeO2 rf‐sputtered thin films
Authors: Matolín V. , Khalakhan I. , Matolínová I. , Václavů M. , Veltruská K. , Vorokhta M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe interaction of Pt with CeO2 in Pt‐doped cerium oxide layers deposited on a Si wafer at normal and grazing incidence, and on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), was investigated by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 30‐nm‐thick Pt‐doped CeO2 layers were deposited by rf‐magnetron sputtering of a composite CeO2–Pt target. XPS showed formation of cerium oxide with completely ionized species Pt2 + , 4+ embedded in the film. The Pt2+/Pt4+ ratio depends on the deposition angle and increases in the case of the film deposition on the MWCNTs. This behavior was explained by the dependence of the polycrystalline film grain morphology on a deposition angle. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Monte Carlo simulation study on the image resolution in scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Mao S. F. , Ding Z. J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe resolution of the scanning electron microscope limited by the beam–sample interaction is studied by Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation model is based on the full Penn algorithm for electron inelastic scattering and the associated secondary electron generation as well as on a constructive solid geometry modeling of a complex sample structure. The line‐scan profiles for gold nanoparticles of different diameters on a carbon substrate are obtained in the simulation. The gap method and contrast‐to‐gradient (C–G) method performed for two separated particles of the same size and different sizes are considered to determine the resolution. Both methods are applied to the simulated images. A comparison on the obtained resolutions performed for the different sample topographies shows that the gap resolution depends excessively on the topography by the shading effect and gap method underestimates the influence of probe size, while C–G method overestimates this influence. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metallic photocathodes prepared by pulsed laser ablation deposition for application to bright electron sources
Authors: Liu B. Y. , Perrone A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe present the results of our investigation on metallic films as suitable photocathodes for the production of intense electron beams in radio frequency (RF) photoinjector guns. Pulsed laser ablation deposition (PLAD) technique was used for growing Mg and Y thin films onto Si and Cu substrates in high vacuum of 10−5Pa and at room temperature. The morphology, the structure, the thickness and the contamination level of thin films surface deposited on Si were deduced by using different diagnostic techniques. Thin films deposited on Cu have been tested as photocathodes in an ultrahigh vacuum photodiode chamber at 10−7Pa. Relatively high‐quantum efficiencies have been obtained for the deposited films, comparable to those of corresponding bulks. Samples could stay for several months in open air before being tested in a photodiode cell.The deposition process and the role of the gas absorption on the photocathode surface and its influence on the photoelectron performances are also presented and discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis and management of squamous‐cell vulval carcinoma
Authors: Palmer Julia E. , Gillespie Alan M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVulval cancer remains a rare disease in spite of a recent increased incidence, particularly in younger women. Diagnosing the condition therefore is problematic as it is uncommonly seen, especially in the primary care setting. An understanding of the importance of monitoring precursor lesions and recognising the signs and symptoms of significant vulval disease is important in order to recognise vulval cancer early and enable referral for radical treatments when appropriate. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd