bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium‐Selective Electrodes for Measurements in the Presence of Anionic Surfactants
Authors: Ivanova Natalia M. , Bart Tatiana Ya. , Grekovich Alexander L. , Mikhelson Konstantin N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCalcium selective electrodes with various membrane formulations were studied in solutions containing CaCl2 and sodium dodecylsulfate (NaDS). It is shown that electrodes based on neutral ionophores ETH 1001 and ETH 129 cannot be used as Ca2+ ion sensors in these solutions because of strong anion interference from DS− anion. Among other formulations, that based on calcium bis(tetramethylbutylphenyl)phosphate in tri(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphate appear the most promising. The interpretation of the ISE response in solutions under study relied on a novel approach which considers three forms of calcium: Ca2+ free ions, Ca in Ca(DS)2 precipitate, and Ca2+ bound by the DS− micelles. Data needed for the respective calculations were obtained by DS− selective electrode based on tetradecylammonium, and Na+ selective glass electrode.
Immunosensing Microchip Using Fast and Selective Preparation of an Iridium Oxide Nanoparticle‐Based Pseudoreference Electrode
Authors: Aziz Md. Abdul , Kim Byung‐Kwon , Kim Minjung , Yang Sang‐Youn , Lee Hyun‐Woo , Han Sang Woo , Kim Yeong Il , Jon Sangyong , Yang Haesik 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIridium oxide (IrOx) electrodes have been used as pseudoreference electrodes operating in buffered solutions, but their preparation requires a time‐consuming procedure. Here we report a simple, fast, and selective preparation of an IrOx pseudoreference electrode based on the deposition of presynthesized IrOx nanoparticles. The reference electrode is applied to an immunosensing microchip consisting of a patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) plate and an indium–tin oxide‐micropatterned glass. The sequence of microfabrication is optimized to accomplish better performance. The microchip is operated by capillary‐driven microfluidic controls and used for detecting a target mouse IgG. The measured detection limit in the microchip is ca. 10 pg/mL.
CE‐electrochemiluminescence with ionic liquid for the facile separation and determination of diester‐diterpenoid aconitum alkaloids in traditional Chinese herbal medicine
Authors: Bao Yi , Yang Fan , Yang Xiurong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA CE‐electrochemiluminescence(CE‐ECL) detection system, CE/tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl) ruthenium(II)ECL with ionic liquid, was established for the determination of diester‐diterpenoid aconitum alkaloids (aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MA) and hypaconitine (HA)) in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Running buffer containing 25 mM borax‐20 mM 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate at pH 9.15 was used, which resulted in significant changes in separation and obvious enhancement in ECL intensity for AC, MA and HA with similar structures. End‐column detection was achieved in 50 mM phosphate buffer with 5 mM ${\rm{Ru}}({\rm{bpy}})_3^{2 + }$ (pH 9.15) at applied detection voltage of 1.20 V when the distance between the Pt working electrode and outlet of capillary (50 cm×25 μm id) was set at 150 μm. One single quantitative analysis of three alkaloids was achieved at a separation voltage of 15 kV within 10 min. Moreover, two extraction processes (ethanol extraction and ethyl ether extraction after basification) were investigated. The result showed that ethanol extraction process has higher extraction efficiency than ethyl ether extraction process. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of AC, MA and HA were 5.62×10−8, 2.78×10−8 and 3.50×10−9 mol/L (S/N=3), respectively. The method was successfully applied to determine the amounts of AC, MA and HA in the aconitum herbal samples.
Moment approach to the polydispersed particle size distribution of dust‐loaded fibers due to convective diffusion
Authors: Jung Chang H. , Park Hyun Seol , Kim Yong P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this study, convective diffusional collection efficiency of polydispersed particles on a dust‐loaded fiber filter is estimated. The change in the polydispersed particle size distribution on dust‐loaded fibers due to convective diffusion was studied. A log‐normal size distribution was assumed and the moment approach was applied. Consequently, the effect of dust loading on polydispersed particle size distribution could be obtained.In the convective diffusional region, the geometric mean diameter increases and the geometric standard deviation decreases as filtration times goes. The collection efficiency increases further for a large polydispersed interception parameter for clean filters and this tendency is enhanced when dust loading is present. The geometric mean diameter increases further for a large polydispersed interception parameter. This study presents simplified methods for examining filter performance under dust‐loaded conditions. The obtained results enhance our understanding of the change in the collection efficiency of polydispersed particle when particles are deposited on a fiber. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Sorption of acetochlor, S-metolachlor, and atrazine in surface and subsurface soil horizons of Argentina
Authors: Bedmar Francisco , Daniel Peter E , Costa José L , Giménez Daniel 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Understanding herbicide sorption within soil profiles is the first step to predicting their behavior and leaching potential. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the influence of surface and subsurface soil properties on acetochlor, atrazine, and S-metolachlor sorption. Soil samples were taken from horizons A, B, and C of two loamy soils of the humid pampas of Argentina under no-till management; horizon A was divided into two layers, A0 (0–5 cm) and A1 (5 cm to the full thickness of an A horizon). Sorption isotherms were determined from each sampled horizon using the batch equilibrium method and seven concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg L−1). Sorption affinity of herbicides was approximated by the Freundlich equation. The sorption strength Kf (mg1 − 1/n kg−1 L1/n) over the soils and horizons studied followed the order S-metolachlor (16.51–29.19) &gt; atrazine (4.85–12.34) ≥ acetochlor (5.17–11.97), which was closely related to the hydrophobicity of herbicides expressed as octanol–water partition coefficient (KOW). The Kf values of the three herbicides were positively correlated with soil organic carbon, with a significance of p &lt; 0.01. Values of Kf for the three herbicides decreased with depth in the two soils, indicating greater sorption onto surficial soil horizons and possibly a delayed transport toward subsurface soils and subsequent pollution of groundwater. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1990–1996. © 2011 SETAC
Common problems in delay‐based congestion control algorithms: a gallery of solutions
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pérez M. , Herrería‐Alonso S. , Fernández‐Veiga M. , López‐García C. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough delay‐based congestion control protocols such as FAST Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) promise to deliver better performance than traditional TCP Reno, they have not yet been widely incorporated to the Internet. Several factors have contributed to their lack of deployment. Probably, the main contributing factor is that they are not able to compete fairly against loss‐based congestion control protocols. In fact, the transmission rate in equilibrium of delay‐based approaches is always less than their fair share when they share the network with traditional TCP Reno derivatives that employ packet losses as their congestion signal. There are also other performance impairments caused by the sensitivity to errors in the measurement of the congestion signal (queuing delay) that reduce the efficiency and the intra‐protocol fairness of the algorithms. In this paper, we report, analyse and discuss some recent proposals in the literature to improve the dynamic behaviour of delay‐based congestion control algorithms, FAST in particular. The coexistence of sources reacting differently to congestion, the identification of congestion appearance in the reverse path and the persistent congestion problem are the issues specifically addressed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NI/NI‐YSZ Current Collector/Anode Dual Layer Hollow Fibers for Micro‐Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Kanawka K. , Othman M. H. D. , Droushiotis N. , Wu Z. , Kelsall G. , Li K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA co‐extrusion technique was employed to fabricate a novel dual layer NiO/NiO‐YSZ hollow fiber (HF) precursor which was then co‐sintered at 1,400 °C and reduced at 700 °C to form, respectively, a meshed porous inner Ni current collector and outer Ni‐YSZ anode layers for SOFC applications. The inner thin and highly porous “mesh‐like” pure Ni layer of approximately 50 μm in thickness functions as a current collector in micro‐tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), aiming at highly efficient current collection with low fuel diffusion resistance, while the thicker outer Ni‐YSZ layer of 260 μm acts as an anode, providing also major mechanical strength to the dual‐layer HF. Achieved morphology consisted of short finger‐like voids originating from the inner lumen of the HF, and a sponge‐like structure filling most of the Ni‐YSZ anode layer, which is considered to be suitable macrostructure for anode SOFC system. The electrical conductivity of the meshed porous inner Ni layer is measured to be 77.5 × 105 S m–1. This result is significantly higher than previous reported results on single layer Ni‐YSZ HFs, which performs not only as a catalyst for the oxidation reaction, but also as a current collector. These results highlight the advantages of this novel dual‐layer HF design as a new and highly efficient way of collecting current from the lumen of micro‐tubular SOFC.
Humidity Related Low Temperature Conductivity Hysteresis of Ce1–xZrxO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Ceramics. Structural Disorder Relationship
Authors: Jimenez R. , Bucheli W. , Varez A. , Sanz J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIon‐electron mixed conductivity of the Ce1–xZrxO2 (0 < x < 1) series, prepared by solid‐state reaction, has been measured as a function of temperature, pO2 and pH2O relative pressures. The structural analysis of this series shows the formation of monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic phases as the Ce content increases. The temperature used in samples preparation, 1,923 K, favors at intermediate compositions the homogeneous Ce and Zr mixing in the metastable tetragonal t′ phase. The variation of conductivity with the relative oxygen pressure indicates that electronic contribution increases, becoming preponderant, as the Ce‐content increases. The modifications in conductivity observed in Ce‐rich samples have been ascribed to the enhancement of the electronic contribution at the grain‐boundary of ceramics. The differences observed at low temperatures in electronic dc‐conductivity of Ce‐rich samples during heating and cooling treatments, have been ascribed to the incorporation of water as hydroxide defects at the grain boundary and interior of the particles. The surface hydroxylation is maximal in samples with improved OSC capacity, decreasing drastically in samples heated at 740 K. Finally, the potential application of prepared materials in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is discussed.
The impact of a pro‐rata algorithm on liquidity: Evidence from the NYSE LIFFE
Authors: Lepone Andrew , Yang Jin Young 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of introducing a pure pro‐rata algorithm on the liquidity of the market for Euribor futures contracts on NYSE LIFFE. Results indicate that the Euribor market experiences deterioration in liquidity: (1) both best and total depth fall and (2) quoted spreads widen after the structural change. Results also reveal that the Euribor market becomes more active after the event; both trading volume and trade frequency increase substantially after the event. Finally, after the transition, liquidity demanders are more likely to submit smaller market orders. The reduction in depth and increase in quoted spreads suggest that liquidity demanders incur higher trade execution costs after the transition. In contrast, the transition is beneficial for the exchange since trading volume is higher under the new regime. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 32:660–682, 2012
New design of a VirtualGlove for grasping applications
Authors: Wang Hyuk , Jeon Moongu , Lee Yong‐Gu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractVirtual gloves have received much attention in the field of virtual reality and computer simulations. They are considered to be essential tools for implementing any sort of hand‐based experiences in virtual environments. For applications with simpler motions, the accuracy of finger‐bending amount returned by these virtual gloves is not of primary interest. For grasping applications, however, inaccuracy in the bending amount results in unrealistic scenarios having discrepancies in the contact geometry for the hand and the object. In this study, we improve the measurements of bending amount by placing the bend sensors on the palm of the hand, where the objects are touched directly. Supporting evaluative data and design details are also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increasing short‐term output in assembly work
Authors: Looze Michiel P. de , Bosch T. , van Rhijn J. W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMaximization of flexibility is one of the major challenges in assembly line design. This article addresses the question of how to temporarily (in times of peak demand) increase the output of a line, which is already optimized to attain the “normal” output rate. Instead of a costly reconfiguration of the line creating extra workstations for more operators, we applied an approach of keeping the line intact, adding two extra operators, and applying a scheme wherein the operators took their breaks alternately. For two different alternating break schemes, we compared the productivity rates, the physical load on operators, and the operators' experiences to those of the traditional situation. The new approach resulted in an increase in line output of 12–16%, depending on which alternating break scheme was applied. On the operator level, we observed no differences in productivity among conditions, despite the differences in total pause time per operator. Simultaneously, physical loads on the neck and shoulders, expressed by level of discomfort, were found to be significantly lower in one of the new alternating break schemes. A majority of the operators rated this alternating break scheme as “pleasant” (90%), but wanted the scheme to be applied only during the periods of peak demand because of social aspects (80%). In conclusion, an increase in volume flexibility can be achieved by adding two extra workers and applying an alternating work/rest scheme without a costly reconfiguration of the line. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using college students' self‐reported learning outcomes in scholarly research
Authors: Pike Gary R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractConstruct validity provides a framework for evaluating the adequacy and appropriateness of using students' self‐reports of learning outcomes in scholarly research. Evidence from a recent study concerning the relationships between academic environments and self‐reported learning outcomes, based on Holland's person‐environment fit theory, provides evidence of the appropriateness of using these self‐report data in scholarly research.
The Golden Gate Leech Helobdella californica (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae): Occurrence and DNA‐Based Taxonomy of a Species Restricted to San Francisco
Authors: Kutschera U. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLeeches of the genus Helobdella are small brooding annelids that inhabit lakes and streams on every continent, notably in South America. The type species, H. stagnalis L. 1758, occurs in Europe and North America. Here I provide novel observations on the occurrence, morphology, and parental care patterns of the related H. californica, a taxon described in 1988, based on specimens collected in Stow Lake, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. In 2007, the original H. californica population no longer existed, possibly due to eutrophication of this popular “duck pond”. However, in other, cleaner lakes of the Golden Gate Park dense, stable populations of H. californica were discovered. Between 2007 and 2010 adult individuals were investigated in the laboratory with respect to their pigment patterns and feeding behaviour. The leeches suck the red, haemoglobin‐rich haemolymph from insect larvae (Chironomus sp.) and other small aquatic invertebrates and feed their young attached to their ventral surface. A typical feeding episode is described and documented. In addition, a neighbour‐joining analysis was performed based on a newly acquired DNA sequence of part of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO‐I) for H. californica, combined with other, related leech species. These molecular data corroborate that the “Golden Gate leech” is a separate species and not a colour variant of H. stagnalis. Since, over the past 25 years, H. californica has only been found in the freshwater ecosystems of the Golden Gate Park, it is concluded that this rare leech is a species restricted to San Francisco. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phosphorus Enrichment Affects Immobilization but not Litter Decomposition or Exoenzymatic Activities in a Pampean Stream
Authors: Ferreiro Nicolás Andrés , Giorgi Adonis , Leggieri Leonardo , Feijoó Claudia , Vilches Carolina 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe effect of phosphorous enrichment on decomposition rate, exoenzymatic activities (β‐glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase and alkaline phosphatase), and macroinvertebrate abundance in Typha latifolia leaves were assessed in a 2nd order Pampean stream (Central Argentina). Phosphorous was added to a downstream reach while another reach located upstream was kept intact and, once significant differences in phosphorus concentration in water were attained, leaf bags were attached to each reach bottom. T. latifolia leaves lost 77% of their initial weight along 154 days and decomposition rates were not significantly different between reaches. Besides, neither exoenzymatic activities nor macroinvertebrate abundances differed between reaches. However, an increment in leaf phosphorus content, attributed to immobilization by decomposer microorganisms, was detected in the enriched reach. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fungal and Bacterial Colonization of Submerged Leaf Litter in a Mediterranean Stream
Authors: Artigas Joan , Gaudes Ainhoa , Munoz Isabel , Romani Anna M. , Sabater Sergi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMicrobial colonization dynamics of fungi and bacteria were analyzed in an intermittent Mediterranean forested stream using two different leaf substrata (Platanus acerifolia and Populus nigra). Results showed that fungal and bacterial biomass accumulation was stimulated on both leaves due to a flooding episode that increased dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved oxygen (DO) availability in the stream water. Leaf mass loss coincided with the parallel increase in microbial biomass and extracellular enzymatic activities after the flood event. Differences in litter quality favoured bacterial biomass accumulation and β‐glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase enzymatic activities in the soft Populus species. Microbial heterotrophs colonization of submerged leaf litter and organic matter use in Mediterranean‐type streams are modulated by environmental conditions, especially the hydrological variability. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of processing on silk‐based biomaterials: Reproducibility and biocompatibility
Authors: Wray Lindsay S. , Hu Xiao , Gallego Jabier , Georgakoudi Irene , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. , Schmidt Daniel , Kaplan David L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSilk fibroin has been successfully used as a biomaterial for tissue regeneration. To prepare silk fibroin biomaterials for human implantation a series of processing steps are required to purify the protein. Degumming to remove inflammatory sericin is a crucial step related to biocompatibility and variability in the material. Detailed characterization of silk fibroin degumming is reported. The degumming conditions significantly affected cell viability on the silk fibroin material and the ability to form three‐dimensional porous scaffolds from the silk fibroin, but did not affect macrophage activation or β‐sheet content in the materials formed. Methods are also provided to determine the content of residual sericin in silk fibroin solutions and to assess changes in silk fibroin molecular weight. Amino acid composition analysis was used to detect sericin residuals in silk solutions with a detection limit between 1.0 and 10% wt/wt, while fluorescence spectroscopy was used to reproducibly distinguish between silk samples with different molecular weights. Both methods are simple and require minimal sample volume, providing useful quality control tools for silk fibroin preparation processes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Initial results on development and application of statistical atlas of femoral cartilage in osteoarthritis to determine sex differences in structure: Data from the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Tameem Hussain Z. , Ardekani Siamak , Seeger Leanne , Thompson Paul , Sinha Usha S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose:To create an average atlas of knee femoral cartilage morphology, to apply the atlas for quantitative assessment of osteoarthritis (OA), and to study localized sex differences.Materials and Methods:High‐resolution 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of the knee cartilage collected at 3 T as part of the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) were used. An atlas was created based on images from 30 male Caucasian high‐risk subjects with no symptomatic OA at baseline. A female cohort of age‐ and disease‐matched Caucasian subjects was also selected from the OAI database. The Jacobian determinant was calculated from the deformation vector fields that nonlinearly registered each subject to the atlas. Statistical analysis based on the general linear model was used to test for regions of significant differences in the Jacobian values between the two cohorts.Results:The average Jacobian was larger in women (1.2 ± 0.078) than in men (1.08 ± 0.097), showing that after global scaling to the male template, the female cartilage was thicker in most regions. Regions showing significant structural differences include the medial weight bearing region, the trochlear (femoral) side of the patellofemoral compartment, and the lateral posterior condyle.Conclusion:Sex‐based differences in cartilage structure were localized using tensor based morphometry in a cohort of high‐risk subjects. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.