bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of a new genus and two new species of cutworm moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Lafontaine J. Donald , Troubridge James T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlastriagen. nov. is described, and Callierges tropicalis Schaus is transferred to the genus. Alastria chicosp. nov. is described from western North America and Alastria machosp. nov. is described from Costa Rica. We provide illustrations of the adults and genitalia of all three species, as well as the male genitalia of two related genera, Nedra Clarke and Actinotia Hübner.
The importance and use of taxon sampling curves for comparative biodiversity research with forest arthropod assemblages
Authors: Buddle Christopher M. , Beguin Julien , Bolduc Elise , Mercado Alida , Sackett Tara E. , Selby R. Duncan , Varady-Szabo Hirondelle , Zeran Rebecca M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFor over three decades, the importance of taxon sampling curves for comparative biodiversity studies has been repeatedly stated. However, many entomologists (both within Canada and worldwide) continue to publish studies without standardizing their data to take sampling effort into account. We present a case study to illustrate the importance of such standardization, using the collection of spiders (Araneae) by pitfall traps as model data. Data were analyzed using rarefaction to represent one example of a taxon sampling curve, and by a variety of traditional diversity indices to describe alpha diversity. Raw species richness and single-index diversity measures (Shannon–Wiener, Simpson's, and Fisher's α) provided contradictory results. Rarefied species richness standardized to the number of individuals collected enabled more accurate comparisons of diversity and revealed when sampling was insufficient. Focusing on arthropods occurring in forested ecosystems, we also examined the use of taxon sampling curves in current literature by reviewing 133 published articles from 14 journals. Only 26% of the published articles in our review used a taxon sampling curve, and raw species richness and the Shannon–Wiener index of diversity were the most commonly used estimates. There is clearly a need to modify how alpha diversity is measured and compared for arthropod biodiversity studies. We recommend the abandonment of both raw species richness and single-index measures of diversity, and reiterate the need to use rarefaction or a related technique that allows for meaningful comparisons of species richness while taking into account sampling effort.
Trois nouvelles espèces du genre Aphis de l'Espagne
Authors: Prieto Francisca García , Nafría Juan M. Nieto 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThree new European species of the large genus Aphis L., 1758 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are described: Aphis jacetanasp. nov., which lives on Pimpinella saxifraga L. (Apiaceae) in the Pyrenees, Aphis orocantabricasp. nov., which lives on Gentiana lutea L. (Gentianaceae) in the Cantabrian Mountains, and Aphis zamoranasp. nov., which lives on Frangula alnus Miller (Rhamnaceae) on the northern Iberian plateau. We provide identification keys for Aphis species living in Europe on host plants of the families Apiaceae, Gentianaceae, and Rhamnaceae.
Floral resource use and interactions betweenApis melliferaand native bees in cucurbit crops in Yucatán, México
Authors: Pinkus-Rendon Miguel Angel , Parra-Tabla Víctor , Meléndez-Ramírez Virginia 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDespite the importance of native pollinators in agricultural systems, little is known about the potential competitive interactions among them or the way they exploit crops' floral resources. This study determines the temporal use of floral resources by, and interspecific interactions between, native bees andApis melliferaL. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in experimental plots of squash,Cucurbita moschata(DuchesneexLam.) DuchesneexPoir. (Cucurbitaceae), and watermelon,Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) (Cucurbitaceae). General and specific niche overlap analyses were done to determine whether temporally differential use of floral resources occurred. Direct displacement interactions at the floral level were quantified. The species with the greatest abundances werePeponapis limitarisCockerell (Apidae),Partamona bilineataSay (Apidae), andA. mellifera. Overall, the niche overlap analyses in both crops suggested that floral resources are not used simultaneously by different bee species. Winner events during aggressive encounters suggested a hierarchy among bee species, withA. melliferabeing one of the species with more winner encounters in both crops. It is suggested that those deciding whether or not to introduceA. melliferainto crops should consider whether the abundance of native bee species is sufficient to ensure efficient fruit production.
Geographic distribution and ecology of two species ofOrsillus(Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) associated with cones of native and introduced Cupressaceae in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Rouault Gaelle , Cantini Raffaella , Battisti Andrea , Roques Alain 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn the Mediterranean Basin, two species of true seed bugs in the genusOrsillusDallas,O. maculatusFieber andO. depressusMulsantetRey, share the exploitation of seed cones of Cupressaceae for feeding and reproduction and may carry spores of the pathogenic fungusSeiridium cardinaleSutton & Gibson, responsible for the cypress bark canker disease. We compared the life history of the two species. A total of 89 cone collections carried out in 10 Mediterranean countries confirmed thatO. maculatusis most closely associated withCupressus sempervirensL., although it may also infest some otherCupressusL. species and, more rarely, species ofChamaecyparisSpach.Orsillus depressusappears to be less host-specific, being capable of feeding and ovipositing on most of the native and exotic species ofJuniperusL.,Cupressus, andChamaecyparis. OnC. sempervirens, the abundance of eachOrsillusspecies follows an inverted longitudinal gradient along the Mediterranean Basin, probably corresponding to the pathway of introduction of this tree species from its native eastern range towards western Europe. The dominance ofO. maculatusprogressively decreases from east to west, whereasO. depressusbecomes dominant in the Iberian Peninsula. By contrast,O. depressusis the dominant seed bug on other Cupressaceae all over Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. In the area in whichC. sempervirenshas been introducted, bothOrsillusspecies may live on the same tree, but morphological variability of both adults and nymphs often hinders accurate identification of the species. Based on frequency distribution, the relative length of the rostrum compared with that of the body seems to be a diagnostic character for specific identification of nymphs of the last two instars.
Description of the larva ofTelebasis digiticollis(Odonata: Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: Novelo-Gutiérrez Rodolfo , Gómez-Anaya José Antonio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA detailed description and illustrations of the larva ofTelebasis digiticollisCalvert, 1902 are provided. A comparison with other larvae of the genus is made.Telebasis digiticollisis distinguished by 1 premental seta, 6–7 setae on the labial palp, a well-developed and convex ligula, 7–8 spiniform setae on the lateral margins of the prementum, and forceps-like male gonapophyses. The larva ofT. digiticollisis more like that ofT. boomsmaeGarrison, 1994 than like other larvae of the genus. Larvae were found living in a lagoon densely covered by aquatic phanerogams such asEichhorniasp. (Pontederiaceae) andTyphasp. (Typhaceae).
Is leaf or sheath antibiosis involved in the resistance of maize composite EPS12 to Sesamia nonagrioides?
Authors: Butrón A. , Ordás B. , Revilla P. , Sandoya G. , Ordás A. , Malvar R.A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe pink stem borer (PSB) (Sesamia nonagrioides Lefèbvre, 1827; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the main insect pest of maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae) in the Mediterranean area. Maize varieties partially resistant to PSB have been identified, but few studies have documented the mechanisms of resistance involved. The objectives of this research were to study the levels of leaf and sheath antibiosis of a maize population, EPS12, and determine whether antibiosis improved over the selection process for less stalk tunneling. A hybrid check and two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) hybrids were also examined. Several bioassays were carried out in a control chamber to evaluate antibiosis of maize leaves and sheaths against PSB larvae. Leaf antibiosis was significantly higher for EPS12 than for the hybrid check and sheath antibiosis was low for all non-Bt hybrids studied. We conclude that leaf and sheath antibiosis was not significantly improved during the selection process. Future efforts should look for other possible mechanisms of resistance, such as stem rind antibiosis.
Ovarian development and lipid reserves are affected by mating delays in three species of Anthocoris (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)
Authors: Horton David R. , Lewis Tamera M. , Neven Lisa G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMating is necessary to bring about ovarian maturation in females of Anthocoridae and related taxa (Cimicidae). The objectives of this study were to determine how forced delays in mating affect extent and rate of oocyte development, duration of the preoviposition period, and levels of lipid reserves in three species of Anthocoris. Extent of oocyte development by unmated females differed among the three species. In unmated A. tomentosus, the basal oocyte failed to show any increase in size with increasing female age, whereas oocytes in unmated A. nemoralis and A. whitei exhibited some growth beginning 2 days after eclosion. One consequence of these differences among species is that a forced delay in mating (of 3 or 10 days) had less of an effect on A. whitei and A. nemoralis than on A. tomentosus, in terms of the length of the preoviposition period measured from the time of mating. Mated females of A. nemoralis and A. whitei grew larger oocytes than unmated females within 2 days of mating, whereas the same phenomenon took 4 days in A. tomentosus. Embryos became visible in the eggs of mated A. nemoralis and A. whitei 2–3 days after mating, compared with 5 days after mating for A. tomentosus. Mature eggs with egg caps were visible within 3, 4, and 6 days after mating for A. nemoralis, A. whitei, and A. tomentosus, respectively. In all three species, unmated females 10 days after eclosion had significantly higher levels of lipids allocated to nonreproductive tissues than similarly aged females that had been mated on the day of eclosion, suggesting that there was a trade-off between allocation of resources to eggs and allocation to somatic reserves.
The effects of urbanization on ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with the Molson Nature Reserve, Quebec
Authors: Lessard Jean-Philippe , Buddle Christopher M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUrbanization causes the fragmentation of natural habitats into isolated patches surrounded by anthropogenic habitats. Fragment size and the intensity of human disturbance have been shown to affect both composition and diversity of arthropod communities, but most groups have been understudied. We investigated effects of urbanization on ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in and around the Molson Reserve, a preserved maple-beech forest surrounded by residential properties near Montréal, Quebec. We studied how local ant assemblages differed in terms of composition, abundance, and species richness, depending on whether they were situated in the interior forest, in adjacent residential backyards, or at the edge between these two habitats. We also compared an intact forest interior with a younger and moderately disturbed forest (“buffer zone”) between the urban matrix and the interior forest. Few differences were detected between the buffer zone and the intact forest interior. Extrapolated estimates of species richness suggest that it is lowest in the forest interior and highest in urban zones. Community composition, as investigated with ordination analysis, revealed a clear difference between the fauna of urban sites and the fauna of edges and forest interiors, and analyzing the relative abundance of ants showed residential backyards to contain the most ants. Urban assemblages were characterized by several competitively dominant species, including one introduced or “tramp” species. The occurrence of aggressive and dominant species in urban sites and at the edges of the Molson Reserve could potentially interfere with the dispersal and immigration of ground-dwelling arthropods and negatively affect local diversity or community composition in isolated forest reserves in urban centres.
A bumblebee new to the New World: Bombus distinguendus (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Williams Paul H. , Thomas Jennifer C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBombus (Subterraneobombus) distinguendus Morawitz, 1869 is recorded from Attu Island, in the western Aleutian archipelago, and is recognised as a species new to both the Alaskan and the New World faunal lists. Colour variation and food plants are described and a key to females of Nearctic Subterraneobombus species is provided.
Effects of temperature acclimation and age on movement of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) adults in response to temperature gradients
Authors: Jian Fuji , Jayas Digvir S. , White Noel D.G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAdult Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) were reared at 30 °C or acclimated to 15, 25, or 35 °C for different periods (2 days or 1, 2, or 5 weeks). Populations 1 day old, 1, 5, 10, or 20 weeks old, or of mixed age were held in 10 cm × 10 cm × 100 cm wheat columns (14.5% ± 0.2% moisture content) with a temperature gradient (10 °C/m, 25–35 °C) or a constant temperature (25 or 30 °C) for 1, 6, or 12 days; movement and distribution were then determined. Acclimation to 25 °C for a short time (less than 2 days) did not influence adults' response to temperature in the wheat column. Adults acclimated to 15 and 35 °C responded differently to temperature in the wheat column, preferring temperatures above 30 and 35 °C, respectively. Increasing the duration of the acclimation to 15 or 35 °C resulted in higher aggregation. Acclimation temperature might be more important than exposure time for influencing insect behaviour. During their movement in the wheat columns, adults were also acclimated to the tested temperatures, and they did not always stay in a warmer area if the "cold" area was warmer than 25 °C. Adults that were 1 day old had a lower response (i.e., less movement) to temperature gradients than the older insects. Among the older insects, the response to temperature gradients did not decrease with increasing age, even at 20 weeks.
Potential of ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate for monitoring activity of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in eastern North American apple orchards
Authors: Trimble R.M. , El-Sayed Ashraf M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn Ontario apple orchards, the amount of synthetic codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L., 1758)) sex pheromone, E,E-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (0.01–10.0 mg) used to bait traps significantly affected the mean total numbers of moths captured, whereas similar mean total numbers of moths were captured in traps baited with different amounts of pear-derived kairomone, ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate (0.01–10.0 mg). The attractiveness of kairomone-baited traps was not increased by using greater amounts (100 and 1000 mg) of this compound. The attractiveness of the pheromone was not enhanced by the addition of kairomone. Similar patterns of adult male seasonal activity were observed when using pheromone-baited traps and kairomone-baited traps. The potential usefulness of kairomone-baited traps in the integrated management of C. pomonella in Ontario apple orchards is discussed.
Larval respiratory systems of two anthomyiid flies, Delia radicum and Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Biron D.G. , Coderre D. , Fournet S. , Nénon J.P. , Le Lannic J. , Boivin G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe first-instar larvae of Delia radicum (L.) and Delia antiqua (Meigen) enter host plants to feed in galleries. These galleries can be filled by a liquid resulting from the putrefaction of the host. In this study, we show that D. radicum and D. antiqua larvae have a metapneustic respiratory system in the first instar and an amphipneustic respiratory system in the second instar, as observed in the majority of cyclorrhaphous Diptera. In addition, we observed four spatulate, ramified structures on the postabdominal spiracles in all three larval instars. We propose that these structures facilitate gas exchange (CO2 and O2), especially in the first-instar larvae when they feed in liquid-filled galleries.
Colonization of cut branches of five coniferous hosts of the pitch canker fungus byPityophthorusspp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in central, coastal California
Authors: Erbilgin Nadir , Storer Andrew J. , Wood David L. , Gordon Thomas R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPitch canker of pines (Pinusspp.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirbel) Franco) (Pinaceae) is caused by the fungusFusarium circinatumNirenbergetO'Donnell. In California, infections byF. circinatumoccur largely through wounds caused by insects. Field experiments were initiated to determine whether the colonization activities of twig beetles,Pityophthorusspp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), could explain the incidence of pitch canker on Monterey pine (P. radiataD. Don), Bishop pine (P. muricataD. Don), ponderosa pine (P. ponderosavar.ponderosaDougl.), knobcone pine (P. attenuataLemm.), and Douglas-fir. Asymptomatic branches were cut from each of four pairs of tree species (Monterey–Bishop, Monterey–ponderosa, Monterey–knobcone, Monterey–Douglas-fir) at four sites and attached to the lower canopy of both heterospecific and conspecific host trees (total of four combinations per pair). After 10 weeks, branches were collected and placed in rearing tubes in the laboratory. Emerging insects were identified and placed on aFusarium-selective medium. Monterey, Bishop, and ponderosa pines were more heavily infested byPityophthorusspp. than Douglas-fir and knobcone pine. Furthermore, morePityophthorusbeetles emerged from Monterey pine branches placed in Monterey pine canopies than from Monterey pine branches placed in Bishop or ponderosa pine canopies, indicating that reduced emergence (colonization) was caused by the hetero specific host. Relatively fewer insects emerged from sites containing either Monterey and knobcone pines or Monterey pine and Douglas-fir.Fusarium circinatumwas not isolated from emergingPityophthorusspp. Susceptibility of the five host species, based on mean lesion lengths resulting from mechanical inoculations, varied significantly. The longest lesions were on Monterey pine and the shortest were on ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. The low incidence of pitch canker on Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine in nature compared with that on Monterey, Bishop, and knobcone pines may be explained by the low colonization by twig beetles and the greater resistance of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine to this disease, compared with the other three hosts.
Threading a needle with reinforced thread: intromission in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Authors: Eberhard William G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe intromission of the male's long, flexible, threadlike phallus into the female's similarly long, thin, S-shaped vagina in tephritid flies is mechanically challenging. The male of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824), folds the basal portion of his phallus back on itself, inserts the folded portion into the female, and then gradually unfolds his phallus inside her vagina. The site of the fold in the phallus gradually moves distally, deeper into the female, dragging the distal portion of the phallus into her vagina. At the same time, the male pulls the tip of the female's ovipositor distally with his surstyli, straightening her vagina. The male uses his phallapodeme and asymmetrical syntergosternite to periodically clamp and release portions of his phallus that have not yet entered the female. Once the entire distal portion of the male's phallus is inside the female, he unfolds it and then moves its distal tip even deeper, reaching the inner end of her copulatory bursa. Straightening movements of the phallus due to increases in fluid pressure probably supply at least part of the force that drives the phallus into the female.
Evaluation of foliar and seed treatments for control of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in canola
Authors: Cárcamo H.A. , Dosdall L.M. , Johnson D. , Olfert O. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCaged assays and field tests were used to evaluate the effectiveness of organophosphorus, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, and biologically derived insecticides for reducing populations of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), a new pest of canola in Canada. Complete mortality of caged weevils occurred 48 h after treatment with disulfoton, deltamethrin, carbofuran, oxydemeton-methyl, and chlorpyrifos. Under field conditions, using plots or large strips in commercial fields from 1998 to 2001, only deltamethrin and cyhalothrin-lambda (both pyrethroids) consistently reduced weevil densities, even at high population levels. Chlorpyrifos also significantly reduced weevil numbers and damage in some years, but results were variable and efficacy was too low to manage weevils under outbreak densities. Other insecticides such as spinosad provided moderate weevil control and may have a role in weevil management depending on their effect on beneficial insects relative to more efficacious insecticides. Treatment of canola seed with imidacloprid, lindane, or acetamiprid did not reduce weevil damage. Further research is needed to establish economic thresholds for C. obstrictus in canola, to assess the effect of insecticides on nontarget natural enemies of canola insect pests, and to assess the potential for integration of chemical agents with biological and cultural control strategies.
Association betweenDendroctonus valensand black stain root disease on ponderosa pine in the Sierra Nevada of California
Authors: Owen Donald R. , Wood David L. , Parmeter John R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe host-colonization behavior of the red turpentine beetle,Dendroctonus valensLeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was investigated in stands of ponderosa pine,Pinus ponderosaP. & C. Lawson (Pinaceae), with black stain root disease in the central Sierra Nevada of California. By felling live trees, we found that trees with pitch tubes produced during the initiation of tunneling byD. valenshad a significantly higher incidence of black stain root disease, caused byLeptographium wagenerivar.ponderosum(HarringtonetCobb), than trees without pitch tubes. Trees with the mostD. valenspitch tubes had the greatest likelihood of being diseased. Additionally, observations over a 3-year period revealed that trees withD. valenspitch tubes had a significantly higher mortality rate than trees without pitch tubes. Infection byL. wageneriwas confirmed for most of the trees that died, and death typically did not occur without mass attacks by the western pine beetle,D. brevicomisLeConte, and (or) the mountain pine beetle,D. ponderosaeHopkins. Trees with the mostD. valenspitch tubes had the highest mortality rate. An experiment was conducted to compare the attraction ofD. valensand other insects to wounded-diseased, wounded-symptomless, and unwounded trees. MoreD. valens,Spondylis upiformisMannerheim (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), andHylastesspp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were attracted to wounded trees than to unwounded trees. Catches of these beetles on wounded-diseased trees were not significantly different from catches on wounded-symptomless trees.