bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Safety of Shear design of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Lu W. Y. , Lin I. J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe shear failure probabilities of reinforced concrete beams have been investigated by Monte Carlo technique. The shear strength provided by the concrete is based on the theoretical model developed by Tureyen and Frosch (2003). The random variables included in this study are the strength of concrete, the strength of reinforcing steel, the dimension of cross-section, the model error of theoretical shear strength provided by the concrete, and the loading. This study shows that based on the new material statistical data (2003) in North America, the shear failure probabilities are acceptable for beams designed using the ACI 318-02 Code. Based on the old material statistical data (1979) in North America the shear failure probabilities of beams designed using the ACI Code are relatively high. For the safety of shear design of reinforced concrete beams, the ACI 318-02 Code is better than the ACI 318-99 Code.
Characteristics of Hydraulic Shock Waves in an Inclined Chute Contraction – Numerical Simulations
Authors: Jan C.-D. , Chang C.-J. , Lai J.-S. , Guo W.-D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper presents the results of numerical simulations on the characteristics of hydraulic shockwaves in an inclined chute contraction. A two-dimensional numerical hydraulic simulation model is used to simulate the hydraulic shockwaves, based on the finite-volume multi-stage (FMUSTA) scheme proposed by Guo et al. [1]. This numerical model has been proved having good ability in simulating hydraulic shockwaves through the comparison with the exact solution of idealized shockwaves in a horizontal contraction provided by Ippen and Dawson [2], and the comparison with experimental results provided in the companion paper by Jan et al. [3]. The simulated shockwave parameters such as the shock angle, maximum shockwave height and maximum shockwave position for various conditions are compared with those calculated by the empirical relations obtained in the companion paper. The numerical results validate the applicability of these empirical relations and also extend their applicability to higher approach Froude numbers.
Structural Responses of Surface-Mounted Piezoelectric Beams
Authors: Wang R.-T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe formulation of a beam on which a pair of piezoelectric segments bonded is presented. The method of transfer matrix is adopted to study the structural responses of the surface-mounted actuation beam induced by an external force on the beam and by a voltage on the actuator. Furthermore, the modal frequencies and the corresponding mode shape functions of the beam also are obtained by the method. The orthogonality of any two distinct sets of mode shape functions of the beam is shown. The method of modal analysis is presented to study the forced vibration of the beam due to a concentrated transient force. The effects of length, location and thickness of the piezoelectric pairs on the structural responses and the modal frequencies of the beam are investigated.
Studies of Gas Velocity And Particles Size Effects on Fluidized Bed Hydrodynamics with Cfd Modeling and Experimental Investigation
Authors: Hamzehei Mahdi , Rahimzadeh Hassan , Ahmadi Goodarz 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWith applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques, hydrodynamics of a twodimensional non-reactive gas-solid fluidized bed reactor was investigated. A multi fluid Eulerian model incorporating the kinetic theory for solid particles was applied to simulate the unsteady state behavior of this reactor and momentum exchange coefficients were calculated by using the Syamlal-O'Brien drag functions. A suitable numerical method that employed finite volume method applied to discritize the equations. Simulation results also indicated that small bubbles were produced at the bottom of the bed. These bubbles collided with each other as they moved upwards forming larger bubbles. Also, solid particles diameter and superficial gas velocity effect on hydrodynamics were studied. Simulation results were compared with the experimental data in order to validate the CFD model. Pressure drops and bed expansion ratio as well as the qualitative Gas-Solid flow patterns predicted by the simulations were in good agreement with experimental measurements at superficial gas velocities higher than the minimum fluidization velocity. Furthermore, this comparison showed that the model can predict hydrodynamicsbehavior of gas solid fluidized bed reasonably well.
Turbulent Film Boiling on A Non-Isothermal Horizontal Elliptical Tube with Steam Heating Surface
Authors: Hu H.-P. , Wang C.-C. , Chen C.-K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe present theoretical study investigates turbulent film boiling on an elliptical tube with steam heating surface inside. The flow direction of the heating steam is opposite to the vapor film of the outer tube. Thus, the surface temperature is expressed by cosine function. The effect of temperature amplitude, eccentricity, nonlinear viscosity, nonlinear thermal conductivity, radiation and eddy diffusivity are all included in the present analysis. And the paper also discusses the vapor thickness, local Nusselt number and mean Nusselt number. The result shows, first, under the free convection turbulent film boiling with temperature variation, the bigger the temperature amplitude value is, the better the heat transfer efficiency is. Next, the increase of the eccentricity values will bring out the increase of the Nusselt number. Finally, a comparison between the results of the present study and those reported in a previous theoretical data is provided.
Large Deformation Analysis for Soft Foams Based on Hyperelasticity
Authors: Silber G. , Alizadeh M. , Salimi M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn Elastomeric foam materials find wide applications for their excellent energy absorption properties. The mechanical property of elastomeric foams is highly nonlinear and it is essential to implement mathematical constitutive models capable of accurate representation of the stress-strain responses of foams. A constitutive modeling method of defining hyperfoam strain energy function by a Simplex Strategy is presented in this work. This study will demonstrate that a strain energy function of finite hyperelasticity for compressible media is applicable to describe the elastic properties of open cell soft foams. This strain energy function is implemented in the FE-tool ABAQUS and proposed for high compressible soft foams. To determine this constitutive equation, experimental data from a uniaxial compression test are used. As the parameters in the constitutive equation are linked in a non-linear way, non-linear optimization routines are adopted. Moreover due to the in homogeneities of the deformation field of the uniaxial compression test, the quality function of the optimization routine has to be determined by an FE-tool. The appropriateness of the strain energy function is tested by a complex loading test.By using the optimized parameters the FE-simulation of this test is in good accordance with the experimental data.
A Simple Modelling Method for Deflection of Circular Plates Under Impulsive Loading using Dimensionless Analysis and Singular value Decomposition
Authors: Gharababaei H. , Nariman-zadeh N. , Darvizeh A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel approach of numerical modelling using input-output experimental data pairs is presented for deflection-thickness ratio of circular plates subjected to impulse loading. In this way, singular value decomposition (SVD) method is used in conjunction with dimensionless parameters incorporated in such complex process. The closed-form obtained model shows very good agreement with some testing experimental data pairs which have been unforeseen during the training process. Moreover, two modifications are consequently suggested for some similar models already proposed in previous works. The approach of this paper can generally be applied to model very complex real-world processes using appropriate experimental data.
Analysis of Earth Pressure for Retaining Wall and Ultimate Bearing Capacity for Shallow Foundation by Variational Method
Authors: Wu Lai-Yun , Tsai Yi-Feng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractApplying the principle of virtual work, the slice element method, and the variational method proposed in this paper, one can derive the governing equation and transversality conditions for the rupture surface of a sliding mass of retaining wall and shallow foundation under several external conditions. The governing equation, transversality, and boundary conditions can be solved by the finite difference method (FDM) proposed in this paper, so that the rupture surface and its associated earth pressure acting on the retaining wall or the ultimate bearing capacity acting on the foundation can be determined effectively. By comparison of our results with those of some well known earth pressure and bearing capacity estimating methods, it can be concluded that determining the earth pressure on a retaining wall or the ultimate bearing capacity of a shallow foundation by using the variational method and FDM proposed in this paper, a logical and reasonable result can be obtained without the necessity of guessing the rupture surface.
Explicit Solutions For the Magnetoelastic Fields with a Rigid Line Inclusion
Authors: Lin Chun-Bo , Lin Hsien-Mou 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA general solution to the magnetoelastic problem with a rigid line inclusion is presented. Based upon the complex variable theory, the proposed analysis dealing with sectionally holomorphic functions can be reduced to find the solution of the Hilbert problem. It is indicated that the magnetoelastic stress fields near the inclusion tip possess a square root singularity just like that of the corresponding crack problem. The stress singularity coefficients which are defined in this study to characterize the near tip fields are similar to the stress intensity factors for crack problem. Numerical results of the stress distribution in the vicinity of inclusion tip are also displayed in graphic form to elucidate the effect of various parameters.
The Pairing of Energy Momentum Tensor and Eigentransformation Rate in a Cylindrically Orthotropic Elastic Circular Tube or Bar
Authors: Wu Chien H. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe pairing of a chemical potential and its associated concentration rate in the thermodynamic identity is well known. The existence of an experimentally determinable molar volume as a function of molar concentrations is also widely used in chemical engineering. What is perhaps less known and infrequently used is the fact that a spatially nonuniform molar volume leads to a field of geometrically incompatible eigenstrain, or eigentransformation in finite deformation. This incompatibility forces the material environment to deform, and the result is a strain energy trapped inside the material body. The change of this energy with respect to the eigentransformation is a generalized configurational stress, which, in the limit as the eigentransformation tends to the identity transformation, tends to the classical energy momentum tensor of Eshelby [1], or the so-called configurational stress. It is shown that the generalized configurational stress is an integral part of the chemical potentials that are responsible for atomic diffusion. This cycle of cause and effect is demonstrated in an axially symmetric setting where the material configuration is taken to be cylindrically orthotropic.Symmetry can be used in many occasions to bare the simple meaning of a complex mathematical expression hiding under the disguise of tensors and index notation. We used it to elucidate the “missing” term in surface chemical potential in 1996 [2] and are now applying it to identify the chemical potential in the bulk. Both Professor Thomas C. T. Ting and I are civil engineering graduates of Tai-Da, the world-renowned National Taiwan University, but did not know each other until we joined UIC. It has been a wonderful friendship of many stimulating anisotropic discussions and numerous delicious potluck dinners. Happy birthday, Tom!
Nonuniformly Moving Loads on an Anisotropic Elastic Half-Space
Authors: Wu Kuang-Chong 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe transient motion in an anisotropic elastic half-space due to a moving surface line load is considered. The load is applied suddenly on the surface and moves off in a fixed direction with nonuniform speed. Integral expressions for the displacements are derived using the reciprocal theorem. The waves generated by the moving load are discussed. Special attention is paid to the singularities in surface displacements generated as the load moves through the Rayleigh wave speed. Explicit expression is obtained for the particle velocity due to a constant load moving with constant speed.
A Half-Infinite Coupled Crack on an Interface of Piezoelectric Bimaterials Without Oscillation
Authors: Yang Xinhua , Chen Chuanyao , Hu Yuantai , Li Guoqing 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTBased on Stroh's formalism, analytic solutions are derived for a half-infinite coupled crack in piezoelectric bimaterials without oscillation by using analytical function technique. Four intensity factors related to the crack tip fields are obtained. It is found that these intensity factors are independent of the bimaterials constants when no oscillation occurs. Some numerical calculations about the stress tensor and the electric field ahead of the crack tip are conducted finally.
Failure Probability of Short High-Strength Concrete Tied Columns
Authors: Lu Wen-Yao , Lin Ing-Juang 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to investigate the failure probability of short high-strength concrete tied columns using the Monte Carlo technique. The random variables considered in this study are the strength of concrete, the strength of steels, the cross-section dimensions, the location of the steel reinforcement, the variability of strength model and the loads. The results show that the failure probabilities of high-strength concrete columns designed according to the ACI Code are relatively high. The current ACI Code may not be conservative for design of short high-strength concrete tied columns.
Continuum Damage Mechanics for Thermo-Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Yang X.-H. , Zhang Y. , Hu Y.-T. , Chen C.-Y. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWith rapidly increasing use of piezoelectric materials in high-temperature environment, it is becoming increasingly important for reliable design of piezoelectric devices to study thermo-electroelastic damage and fracture mechanism. As the first step, a thermo-piezoelectric damage constitutive model is presented from continuum damage mechanics and effective properties of a damaged material are connected with both damages and the initial coefficients according to the theorem of energy equivalence in this paper. Then the finite element equations for a thermo-electroelastic damage problem are given by use of the virtual work principle. Finally, as a numerical illustration example, damage fields around a crack-tip in a three-point bending PZT-5H beam subjected to different thermal loads are calculated and analyzed. It is shown from both the damage curves and contours that influence of environmental temperature on the mechanical damage distribution is great but slight on the electrical damage.
Statistical Analysis of Sonar Performance Prediction in Littoral Environments
Authors: Wang C.-W. , Yuan M.-C. , Yang C.-R. , Chang Y.-Y. , Chen C.-F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper presents the Statistical Analysis of Passive Sonar Performance Prediction in Littoral Environments. Passive sonar performance and acoustic prediction mainly refer to the detection range. The inputs for estimating the sonar detection range include the Figure of Merit (FOM), Transmission Loss (TL), and Ambient Noise (NL) of the operation region. These inputs are directly related to the ocean environment; hence, the detection range is, too. A littoral environment is highly variable both in time and space. This paper proposes a methodology for analyzing the statistical properties of the detection range from measurements of ocean water column properties. It is found that the detection range of the southwestern region of Taiwan in the summer is 13.8km with 5.9km as the standard deviation and in the winter is 37.8km with 33.6km as the standard deviation.
Particle Migration Rates in a Couette Apparatus
Authors: Hsiao S.-C. , Christensen D. , Ingber M.S. , Mondy L.A. , Altobelli S.A. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTBulk migration of particles towards regions of lower shear occurs in suspensions of neutrally buoyant spheres in Newtonian fluids undergoing creeping flow in the annular region between two rotating, coaxial cylinders (a wide-gap Couette). For a monomodal suspension of spheres in a viscous fluid, dimensional analysis indicates that the rate of migration at a given concentration should scale with the square of the sphere radius. However, a previous experimental study [12] showed that the rate of migration of spherical particles at 50% volume concentration actually scaled with the sphere radius to approximately the 2.9 power. In the current study, a series of experiments is performed to extend the previous study to two new concentrations, namely, 35% and 42.5%. The new study indicates that the power scaling decreases with concentration.
It’s Not Me, It’s You: How Gift Giving Creates Giver Identity Threat as a Function of Social Closeness
Authors: Ward Morgan K. , Broniarczyk Susan M. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Prior research has established that consumers are motivated to purchase identity-consistent products. We extend consumer identity research into an important consumer context, gift giving, in which individuals may make product choices that run counter to their own identities in order to fulfill the desires of the intended recipient. We find that purchasing an identity-contrary gift for a close (vs. distant) friend who is an integral part of the self can itself cause an identity threat to the giver. Four experiments in a gift registry context show that after making an identity-contrary gift choice for a close (vs. distant) friend, givers subsequently engage in behaviors that reestablish their identity such as indicating greater identity affiliation with the threatened identity and greater likelihood to purchase identity-expressive products. This research highlights the opposing forces that product purchase may exert on consumer identity as both a potential threat and means of self-verification.
A Hormonal Regulatory Module That Provides Flexibility to Tropic Responses
Authors: Gallego-Bartolomé Javier , Kami Chitose , Fankhauser Christian , Alabadí David , Blázquez Miguel A. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Plants orient their growth depending on directional stimuli such as light and gravity, in a process known as tropic response. Tropisms result from asymmetrical accumulation of auxin across the responding organ relative to the direction of the stimulus, which causes differential growth rates on both sides of the organ. Here, we show that gibberellins (GAs) attenuate the gravitropic reorientation of stimulated hypocotyls of dark-grown Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. We show that the modulation occurs through induction of the expression of the negative regulator of auxin signaling INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE19/MASSUGU2. The biological significance of this regulatory mechanism involving GAs and auxin seems to be the maintenance of a high degree of flexibility in tropic responses. This notion is further supported by observations that GA-deficient seedlings showed a much lower variance in the response to gravity compared to wild-type seedlings and that the attenuation of gravitropism by GAs resulted in an increased phototropic response. This suggests that the interplay between auxin and GAs may be particularly important for plant orientation under competing tropic stimuli.
Extending SILAC to Proteomics of Plant Cell Lines
Authors: Schütz Wolfgang , Hausmann Niklas , Krug Karsten , Hampp Rüdiger , Macek Boris 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) is a widespread method for metabolic labeling of cells and tissues in quantitative proteomics; however, incomplete incorporation of the label has so far restricted its wider use in plants. Here, we argue that differential labeling by two different versions of the labeled amino acids renders SILAC fully applicable to dark-grown plant cell lines. By comparing Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures labeled with two versions of heavy Lys (Lys-4 and Lys-8), we show that this simple modification of the SILAC protocol enables similar quantitation accuracy, precision, and reproducibility as conventional SILAC in animal cells.
Impaired immune function in children with Fanconi anaemia
Authors: Myers Kasiani C. , Bleesing Jack J. , Davies Stella M. , Zhang Xue , Martin Lisa J. , Mueller Robin , Harris Richard E. , Filipovich Alexandra H. , Kovacic Melinda B. , Wells Susanne I. , Mehta Parinda A. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryFanconi anaemia is an autosomal recessive or X‐linked disease characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, variable congenital abnormalities and a predisposition to malignancy. Reports of immune function in this population are limited, and include only specific areas of immune performance, showing variable defects. We report a cross‐sectional immunological assessment in 10 children with FA. Absolute numbers of B cells and natural killer (NK) cells were reduced compared to controls (P = 0·048 and P = 0·0002, respectively), while absolute number of T cells were within normal range. Perforin and granzyme content of NK cells was reduced (P < 0·00001 and P = 0·0057, respectively) along with the NK cell cytotoxicity (P < 0·001). Antigen proliferation in response to tetanus was decreased (P = 0·008) while responses to candida and phytohaemagglutinin were not. Cytotoxic T cell function was also reduced (P < 0·0001). Immunoglobulin G levels were normal in those evaluated. Our series represents the first attempt at a comprehensive quantitative and functional evaluation of immune function in this rare group of patients and demonstrates a significant deficit in the NK cell compartment, a novel quantitative B cell defect, along with abnormal cytotoxic function. These findings may be especially relevant in this patient population with known predisposition to DNA damage and malignancy.