bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growing geriatric otolaryngology patient population: A study of 131,700 new patient encounters
Authors: Creighton Francis X. , Poliashenko Stanislav M. , Statham Melissa M. , Abramson Peter , Johns Michael M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To establish the effects the changing population demographics in the United States are having on the general practice otolaryngologists.Study Design:Retrospective analysis of 131,070 consecutive new patient visits at a large private practice otolaryngology group from 2004 to 2010.Methods:Billing records for new patient visits from 2004 to 2010 were reviewed. Analysis of patient age, diagnosis, and year of presentation was completed to determine changes in patient demographics and frequencies of diagnoses stratified by age groups. Predictive analysis was performed to determine future trends in patient demographics.Results:Geriatric patients showed a statistically significant increase from 14.3% of the patient population in 2004 to 17.9% in 2010. Predictive analysis shows that at the current rate, almost 30% of all patients seen by 2030 would be over the age of 65 years. The most common pathologies seen in geriatric patients were also different than that of other age groups, with the five most common geriatric diagnoses being otologic in nature. Geriatric patients also have an overall increased proportion of otologic diagnoses, with 73% of all geriatric diagnoses being otologic, compared to just 32% of those aged 18 to 45 years.Conclusions:Our data show that the changing population is causing the frequency and type of disease seen by general otolaryngologists to change. This information may be useful in structuring both residency training curricula as well as licensing and recertification exams to ensure otolaryngologists are properly prepared to care for their future patient population. Laryngoscope, 2013
Polyelectrolytes with Main‐Chain Perylene Units
Authors: Dolfen Daniel , Schottler Kristina J. , Scherf Ullrich 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new soluble polyamine with main chain perylene units is synthesized and subsequently converted into cationic or zwitterionic polyelectrolytes. The optical properties of the monomer 1,6,7,12‐tetrakis(4‐tert‐butylphenoxy)‐3,4,9,10‐tetra(bromomethyl)perylene and the resulting polymers have been studied with special attention to ongoing de/aggregation processes. UV–Vis and PL spectra of the polymers show a distinct concentration and solvent dependency of the optical properties. In contrast to the corresponding monomer complete deaggregation did not occur for the polymers. The environment‐sensitive optical properties should allow applications as sensor materials. The perylene‐containing polyelectrolytes may be applied in orthogonal processing schemes toward multilayer electronic devices.
Tunable Fabrication of Two‐Dimensional Arrays of Polymer Nanobowls for Biomimic Growth of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Ding Tao , Song Kai , Yang Guoqiang , Tung Chen‐Ho 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTwo‐dimensional arrays of polymer nanobowls can be fabricated by an oxygen plasma etching technique. The 2D colloidal crystals made of SiO2@PMMA particles are fabricated by a convective self‐assembly method. The oxygen plasma treatment is applied to the colloidal crystals to selectively etch the PMMA shells. Because the oxygen plasma etching proceeds in a layer‐by‐layer manner from top to bottom, the top parts of the PMMA shells are etched first, and the silica cores are exposed to the atmosphere, which can be removed with HF, leaving the bowl‐shaped PMMA shells to form 2D arrays of polymer nanobowls. The size and packing density of the nanobowl arrays can be tuned with tightly controlled etching time. The polymer nanobowl arrays can also serve as a template to direct the growth of calcium carbonate within the interstice of the nanobowls.
The clinical characteristics of spinocerebellar ataxia 36: A study of 2121 Japanese ataxia patients
Authors: Sugihara Katsunobu , Maruyama Hirofumi , Morino Hiroyuki , Miyamoto Ryosuke , Ueno Hiroki , Matsumoto Masayasu , Kaji Ryuji , Kitaguchi Hiroshi , Yukitake Motohiro , Higashi Yasuto , Nishinaka Kazuto , Oda Masaya , Izumi Yuishin , Kawakami Hideshi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia 36 is caused by the expansion of the intronic GGCCTG hexanucleotide repeat in NOP56. The original article describing this condition demonstrated that patients with spinocerebellar ataxia 36 present with tongue atrophy, a finding that had not been seen in previous types of spinocerebellar ataxias. A total of 2121 patients with clinically diagnosed spinocerebellar ataxia participated in the study. We screened our patient samples for spinocerebellar ataxia 36 using the repeat‐primed polymerase chain reaction method and also determined the clinical features of spinocerebellar ataxia 36. Of the ataxia cases examined, 12 were identified as spinocerebellar ataxia 36. Of these, 7 cases (6 families) were autosomal dominant, 4 cases (three families) had a positive family history but were not autosomal dominant, and 1 case was sporadic. The average age of onset was 51.7 years, and disease progression was slow. The main symptoms and signs of disease included ataxia, dysarthria, and hyperreflexia. Approximately half the affected patients demonstrated nystagmus, bulging eyes, and a positive pathological reflex, although dysphagia, tongue atrophy, and hearing loss were rare. Moreover, the observed atrophy of the cerebellum and brain stem was not severe. The patients identified in this study were concentrated in western Japan. The frequency of spinocerebellar ataxia 36 was approximately 1.2% in the autosomal dominant group, and the age of onset for this condition was later in comparison with other spinocerebellar ataxia subtypes. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Epigallocatechin gallate reduces vascular inflammation in db/db mice possibly through an NF‐κB‐mediated mechanism
Authors: Babu Pon V. Anandh , Si Hongwei , Liu Dongmin 
Published: July 2012

ScopeHyperglycemia‐induced vascular inflammation resulting in the adhesion of monocytes to endothelium is a key event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes. We investigated whether epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major catechin found in green tea, reduces vascular inflammation in diabetes.Methods and resultsHuman aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were pretreated with green tea catechins before the addition of high glucose (25 mM) for 72 h. EGCG at physiologically achievable concentration (1 μM) significantly inhibited high glucose induced adhesion of monocytes to HAEC both in static and under flow conditions. EGCG also reduced nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) regulated transcriptional activity in ECs. Six‐week‐old diabetic db/db mice were fed a diet containing 0% or 0.1% EGCG for 8 weeks. ECs were isolated from aortic vessels of db/db, db/db‐EGCG, and control db/+ mice. EGCG supplementation greatly suppressed diabetes‐increased monocytes adhesion to ECs, which is associated with reduced circulating levels of chemokines, and reduced secretions of chemokines and adhesion molecules by aortic ECs from db/db‐EGCG mice. EGCG treatment reduced nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65 in aortic vessels, decreased blood pressure and serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in db/db‐EGCG mice.ConclusionEGCG may have a direct protective effect against vascular inflammation in diabetes.
In vitro fermentation of potential prebiotic flours from natural sources: Impact on the human colonic microbiota and metabolome
Authors: Maccaferri Simone , Klinder Annett , Cacciatore Stefano , Chitarrari Roberto , Honda Harue , Luchinat Claudio , Bertini Ivano , Carnevali Paola , Gibson Glenn R. , Brigidi Patrizia , Costabile Adele 
Published: July 2012

ScopeFibers and prebiotics represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. Therefore, aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of four flours (wholegrain rye, wholegrain wheat, chickpeas and lentils 50:50, and barley milled grains), characterized by a naturally high content in dietary fibers, on the intestinal microbiota composition and metabolomic output.Methods and resultsA validated three‐stage continuous fermentative system simulating the human colon was used to resemble the complexity and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to evaluate the impact of the flours on the composition of the microbiota, while small‐molecule metabolome was assessed by NMR analysis followed by multivariate pattern recognition techniques. HT29 cell‐growth curve assay was used to evaluate the modulatory properties of the bacterial metabolites on the growth of intestinal epithelial cells. All the four flours showed positive modulations of the microbiota composition and metabolic activity. Furthermore, none of the flours influenced the growth‐modulatory potential of the metabolites toward HT29 cells.ConclusionOur findings support the utilization of the tested ingredients in the development of a variety of potentially prebiotic food products aimed at improving gastrointestinal health.
Hybrid reduced order modeling applied to nonlinear models
Authors: Bang Youngsuk , Abdel‐Khalik Hany S. , Hite Jason M. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYReduced order modeling plays an indispensible role for most real‐world complex models. The objective of this manuscript is to hybridize local and global sensitivity analysis methods to enable the application of reduced order modeling to complex nonlinear models, often encountered in real system design and analysis calculations, for example, nuclear reactors. This is achieved by first employing local variational methods to identify important nonlinear features of the original model that are required to reach a user‐defined accuracy for the reduced model. This information is obtained by sampling local first‐order derivatives of a pseudoresponse utilizing a modified representation of an infinite series expansion around some reference point. The resulting derivative information is aggregated in a subspace of dimension much less than the dimension of the input parameter space. The accuracy of the reduced model can be mathematically quantified using a bounding norm. Next, global sensitivity methods are employed to exhaustively search the reduced subspace for sensitivity information. The theory and implementation details of the proposed method are exposed in this manuscript. Numerical tests based on prototype nonlinear functions and radiation transport models with many input parameters and many responses are conducted as proof of principle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Healthcare providers' perceptions of breastfeeding peer counselors in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Rossman Beverly , Engstrom Janet L. , Meier Paula P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this qualitative descriptive study we examined the perceptions of 17 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) healthcare providers (nurses, neonatologists, lactation consultants, and dietitians) about the role of breastfeeding peer counselors who were mothers of former NICU infants and who provided primary lactation care in the NICU. Findings revealed that the healthcare providers respected the peer counselors' lactation expertise and identified three critical elements that contributed to the effectiveness of the peer counseling program: having a champion for the program, counselors being mothers of former NICU infants, and a NICU culture supportive of using human milk. Healthcare providers thought the peer counselors enhanced care of the infant by empowering mothers to provide milk and by facilitating and modeling positive patterns of maternal–infant interactions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:460–474, 2012
Preterm infants' biobehavioral responses to caregiving and positioning over 24 hours in a neonatal unit in Taiwan
Authors: Liaw Jen‐Jiuan , Yang Luke , Hua Yi‐Ming , Chang Pei‐Wen , Teng Chi Chen , Li Chia‐Chi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis prospective, descriptive study used a repeated‐measures design to explore preterm infants' biobehavioral responses to 24‐hour neonatal caregiving and positioning, and the factors associated with changes in their biobehavioral responses. Thirty preterm infants (gestational age 27.6–36.1 weeks) were observed for 3 days to record biobehavioral responses. Infants' disorganized behaviors increased as caregiving intrusiveness and supine positioning increased. Social interactions did not lead to increases in infants' disorganized behaviors, but to increased regulatory behaviors. Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS), and prone positioning reduced occurrences of infant disorganized behaviors. Routine caregiving increased instability of oxygen saturation, but lateral and prone positioning improved physiological stability. Clinicians can appropriately provide NNS, positioning, and social interactions to promote biobehavioral stability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:634–646, 2012
Selbstmedikation: Beratung bei der Selbstbehandlung
Authors: Schulz Martin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDie Selbstmedikation gilt heute als ein Teil der Selbstbehandlung. Ich definiere sie als die eigenverantwortliche Anwendung von apotheken‐, aber nicht verschreibungspflichtigen Arzneimitteln durch den Verbraucher bzw. Patienten selbst. In der Selbstmedikation übt der Apotheker eine wichtige Beratungs‐ und Kontrollfunktion aus, da er die einzige fachliche Bezugsperson für den Patienten darstellt.
Betreuung von Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Griese Nina , Schorr Susanne Gabriele , Schulz Martin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHerzinsuffizienz ist eine komplexe Erkrankung. Ihre Behandlung wird häufig durch zahlreiche Komorbiditäten erschwert. Multimorbiditäten und Polymedikation bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz erfordern ein multidisziplinäres Versorgungskonzept. Der Apotheker kann im Rahmen der pharmazeutischen Beratung und Betreuung einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten.
Medikationsmanagement
Authors: Griese Nina , Felberg Miriam , Müller Uta , Schulz Martin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFast jeder zweite Mensch in Deutschland hat zwei oder mehr chronische Erkrankungen, jeder Fünfte sogar fünf oder mehr. Häufig erfordert dies eine Multimedikation, die wiederum mit einem erhöhten Risiko für arzneimittelbezogene Probleme einhergeht. Eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit, die Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit zu erhöhen, ist die stärkere Einbindung des Apothekers bei der Arzneimitteltherapie im Rahmen eines Medikationsmanagements.
Inhibitoren der New‐Delhi‐Metallolactamase
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDie Antibiotka‐Waffen werden immer stumpfer, da sich die Bakterien erfolgreich gegen ihren Angriff zur Wehr setzen. Nur wenige Monate nach Auffindung der Penicilline wurden schon Resistenzen vermeldet, die auf die Bildung von β‐Lactamasen zurückzuführen sind. Bei der Markteinführung von Oxacillin wurden dann multiresistente Bakterien aufgefunden, die sogenannten Methicillin‐resistenten Staphylococcus aureus, kurz MRSA genannt. Von den gram‐negativen Klebsiella pneumoniae kennen wir seit gut zehn Jahren “extended‐spectrum‐β‐lactamase”‐produzierende Stämme, die resistent gegen die 3. Generation von Cephalosporinen und Monobactame sind.
Initial testing of the MDM2 inhibitor RG7112 by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Carol Hernan , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kang Min H. , Keir Stephen T. , Maris John M. , Gorlick Richard , Kolb E. Anders , Billups Catherine A. , Geier Brian , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Houghton Peter J. , Smith Malcolm A. , Lock Richard B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundRG7112 is a selective inhibitor of p53‐MDM2 binding that frees p53 from negative control, activating the p53 pathway in cancer cells leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RG7112 was selected for evaluation by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) due to the relatively low incidence of p53 mutations in pediatric cancers compared with adult malignancies.ProceduresRG7112 and its inactive enantiomer RG7112i were evaluated against the 23 cell lines of the PPTP in vitro panel using 96 hours exposure (1 nM to 10 µM). It was tested against the PPTP in vivo panel focusing on p53 wild‐type (WT) xenografts at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 14 days followed by 4 weeks of observation. Response outcomes were related to MDM2 and p53 expression datasets (http://pptp.nchresearch.org/data.html).ResultsRG7112 demonstrated cytotoxic activity with a lower median IC50 for p53 WT versus p53 mutant cell lines (approximately 0.4 µM vs. >10 µM, respectively). RG7112 induced tumor growth inhibition meeting criteria for intermediate activity (EFS T/C > 2) in 10 of 26 (38%) solid tumor xenografts. Objective responses included medulloblastoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms, rhabdoid and Ewing sarcoma xenografts. For the ALL panel, there was one partial response, five complete responses and one maintained complete response. The ALL xenografts expressed the highest levels of p53 among the PPTP panels.ConclusionsRG7112 induced tumor regressions in solid tumors from different histotype panels, and exhibited consistent high‐level activity against ALL xenografts. This high level of activity supports prioritization of RG7112 for further evaluation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 633–641. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supercritical CO2 Assisted Extraction and LC–MS Identification of Picroside I and Picroside II from Picrorhiza kurroa
Authors: Patil Ajit A. , Sachin Bhusari S. , Shinde Devanand B. , Wakte Pravin S. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionPicroside I and picroside II have been studied intensively because of their pharmacological actions and clinical applications. Numerous methods have been reported for extracting picroside I and picroside II from Picrorrhiza. kurroa rhizomes. This is the first report of picroside I and picroside II extraction using the supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction technique.ObjectiveTo develop supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction and LC–MS identification of picroside I and picroside II from the Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle rhizomes.MethodologySurface response methodology based on 33 fractional factorial design was used to extract picroside I and picroside II from P. kurroa rhizomes. The effects of various process factors, namely temperature (40–80°C), pressure (25–35 MPa) and co‐solvent (methanol) concentration (0–10% v/v) on extraction yield of the two compounds were evaluated. The picroside I and picroside II contents were determined using validated LC–MS methodology.ResultsThe maximum yield of picroside I (32.502 ± 1.131 mg/g) and picroside II (9.717 ± 0.382 mg/g) was obtained at the 10% v/v co‐solvent concentration, 40°C temperature and 30 MPa pressure. The conventional Soxhlet assisted methanol extract of P. kurroa powder resulted in 36.743 ± 1.75 and 11.251 ± 0.54 mg/g yield of picroside I and picroside II, respectively.ConclusionVariation of concentration and extraction time showed a significant effect on the picroside I and picroside II yield. Supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction using methanol as a co‐solvent is an efficient and environmentally sustainable method for extracting picroside I and picroside II from P. kurroa rhizomes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal serum CA 19–9 and CA 15–3 levels in pregnancies affected by trisomy 21
Authors: Akinlade F. , Cowans N. J. , Kisanga M. C. , Spencer K. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the levels of tumour markers CA 19–9 and CA 15–3 in the first trimester maternal serum of euploid control and trisomy 21 pregnancies.MethodsMaternal serum marker levels of 69 trisomy 21 and 388 euploid controls were quantified by the Kryptor analyser, and levels were compared between the two groups after analysis for confounding factors. Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to determine the effect of adding potential markers to the combined test.ResultsNeither marker was affected by gestational age; however, CA 19–9 required correction for maternal weight. CA 19–9 was significantly increased in trisomy 21 pregnancies (0.98 MoM in euploid, 1.16 MoM in trisomy 21, p = 0.024). Levels of CA 15–3 were not found to differ significantly (1.03 MoM in euploid, 1.09 in trisomy 21, p = 0.130). Detection rates were unaffected by addition of CA 19–9 to the combined test.ConclusionAlthough a small significant increase in CA 19–9 levels was found in trisomy 21 group, it is unlikely to be of any use as part of a trisomy 21 screening tool. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Antimaterie‐Rätsel
Authors: Kellerbauer Alban 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDie Abwesenheit von Antimaterie im Universum legt eine Verletzung der diskreten Symmetrien nahe, die die Beziehung zwischen Materie und Antimaterie beschreiben. Knapp zehn Jahre nach der ersten Herstellung von kalter Antimaterie am CERN gelang vor kurzem erstmals der Einfang von Antiwasserstoff. Mit seiner Hilfe möchten mehrere Experimente am Antiproton Decelerator das CPT‐Theorem überprüfen. Auch die Wirkung der Schwerkraft auf Antiteilchen soll in den nächsten Jahren erstmals untersucht werden. Derweil gibt es Hinweise vom Large Hadron Collider auf eine Verletzung der CP‐Symmetrie, die dem Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik widerspricht. Auch sie könnte den Materie‐Überschuss im Universum erklären.
Eine Ballonfahrt mit Folgen
Authors: Schuster Peter Maria 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVictor Franz Hess (1883–1964) entdeckte 1912 bei Ballonaufstiegen die kosmische Höhenstrahlung und erhielt dafür 1936, als bisher einziger Steirer, den Nobelpreis für Physik. Er lehrte an den Universitäten Wien, Graz, Innsbruck und ab 1938 Fordham, New York. Zeitlebens seinem Thema treu, führte er, selbst an Radiumverbrennungen leidend, als erster in USA Routinemessungen von Radiumvergiftungen ein.
Photoeffekt an Nanostrukturen: der klassische Grenzfall
Authors: Herink Georg , Solli Daniel R. , Gulde Max , Ropers Claus 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDer photoelektrische Effekt dient in der Regel als das historische Paradebeispiel für den Erfolg der Quantenphysik. In Experimenten an der Universität Göttingen ist es nun gelungen, in der Photoelektronen‐Emission aus Nanostrukturen bei hohen Intensitäten ein Regime zu erreichen, in dem wiederum klassische – also nicht allein quantenphysikalische – Gesetzmäßigkeiten gelten.
Einzelphotonen‐Kommunikation zwischen einzelnen Molekülen
Authors: Götzinger Stephan , Sandoghdar Vahid 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDie Kopplung von Emittern mit einzelnen Photonen ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die Realisierung von Quantennetzwerken und anderen zukünftigen optischen Quantentechnologien. Unserer Arbeitsgruppe ist es kürzlich gelungen die Kommunikation zweier entfernter Moleküle durch einzelne Photonen zu zeigen. Dies ebnet den Weg zu Experimenten, in denen einzelne Photonen als Träger von Quanteninformation mit Hilfe von einzelnen Atomen oder Molekülen weiterverarbeitet werden.
Ein Plasma‐Universum ohne Urknall
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEin einfacher Mensch war er nicht. “Häretiker” nennen ihn seine Biographen und “Dekan der Plasma‐Dissidenten”. 1967, als die Antiatom‐Bewegung in seiner Heimat Schweden stärker wird, reagiert er genervt auf die seiner Meinung nach schlappe Forschungsförderung für die friedliche Nutzung der Atomenergie. Seine Arbeit werde wohl nicht mehr benötigt, stellt er fest – und hält Ausschau nach Atomenergie in freundlicheren Gefilden.