bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixture Analysis of Age at Onset in Migraine Without Aura: Evidence for Three Subgroups
Authors: Asuni Carlo , Manchia Mirko , Deidda Arianna , Stochino Maria Erminia , Cherchi Alessandra , Del Zompo Maria 
Published: April 2010

(Headache 2010;50:1313‐1319)Objective. — To verify the presence of different age at onset (AAO) subgroups of patients in a sample of patients with migraine without aura (MWA) and compare clinical correlates among them.Background.— MWA is a long‐lasting disease whose prognosis has not yet been fully investigated. Patients may present complete remission, partial clinical remission, persistence and progression (migraine attack frequency and disability may increase over time leading to chronic migraine). Limited evidence exists regarding the identification of risk factors or predictors which might influence migraine prognosis. AAO has been proven a useful tool in the investigation of the clinical, biological, and genetic characteristics able to influence the prognosis of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. AAO distribution was studied using mixture analysis, a statistical approach that breaks down the empirical AAO distribution observed into a mixture of normal components.Methods.— A sample of 334 outpatients affected by MWA, recruited in a clinical genetic study at our Headache Center from 2004 to 2008, was enrolled for this study. Diagnosis was made according to International Headache Society criteria 2004. AAO distribution in patients was studied using mixture analysis. Chi‐square test was used to compare clinical correlates among identified subgroups. Logistic regression was performed in order to correct for effect of possible confounders.Results.— Mixture analysis broke up the observed distribution of AAO into 3 normal theoretical distributions. Informational criteria clearly showed a better 3‐component model rather than the 2‐component one. An early‐onset (≤7 years of age), an intermediate‐onset (≥8 and ≤22), and a late‐onset group (≥23) were identified. Comparison of clinical correlates among subgroups by means of chi‐square test showed a statistically significant result for migraine frequency (χ2 = 7.41, P = .02). Considering the frequency of migraine attacks as a main outcome, the regression model showed a higher AAO is associated with low frequency (odds ratio = 0.95; P = .02).Conclusions.— The significant association between AAO and attack frequency found in our study supports the hypothesis that AAO could act as a predictor factor able to influence prognosis. AAO could represent a phenotype suitable for identifying MWA susceptibility genes.
Stock Splits and Bond Yields: Isolating the Signaling Hypothesis
Authors: Michayluk David , Zhao Ruoyun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOne explanation offered for stock splits is that the split signals positive information by reducing the stock price range in expectation of improved future prospects. Price declines also lead to changes in stock price dynamics, but related securities are not subject to these other changes and therefore can be used to provide a separate assessment of the markets’ interpretation of the split. We examine corporate bond issues around stock splits and find a significant decline in the bond yield spread following stock splits, supporting the signaling hypothesis. We also confirm improvements in forecasted and realized earnings subsequent to stock splits.
The Moving Average Ratio and Momentum
Authors: Park Seung‐Chan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractI show the ratio of the short‐term moving average to the long‐term moving average (moving average ratio, MAR) has significant predictive power for future returns. The MAR combined with nearness to the 52‐week high explains most of the intermediate‐term momentum profits. This suggests that an anchoring bias, in which investors use moving averages or the 52‐week high as reference points for estimating fundamental values, is the primary source of momentum effects. Momentum caused by the anchoring bias do not disappear in the long‐run even when there are return reversals, confirming that intermediate‐term momentum and long‐term reversals are separate phenomena.
River flooding and reproduction of migratory fish species in the Magdalena River basin, Colombia
Authors: Jiménez‐Segura L. F. , Palacio J. , Leite R. 
Published: April 2010

Jiménez‐Segura LF, Palacio J, Leite R. River flooding and reproduction of migratory fish species in the Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 178–186. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  In most tropical rivers subject to a single‐yearly flooding, migratory fish usually spawn in the onset of the flooding and larvae drift to their nursery habitats. To define when the migratory fish species reproduce, its relationship with the water level and when nursery areas in floodplain lakes are supplied with ichthyoplankton in the Magdalena River, a two‐yearly peak flooding river, we sampled the ichthyoplankton weekly throughout 2 years. The fish species Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, Prochilodus magdalenae, Leporinus muyscorum, Sorubim cuspicaudus and Curimata mivartii spawn twice a year in the main channel and its larvae input into the floodplain lakes are not always associated with flooding. Spawning in the main channel and larvae inputs into the floodplain lakes suggest that the habitat used by the migratory fishes may be consistent with some hypotheses on habitats used by these fishes.
Genetic diversity and structure in Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations analyzed by SNP markers
Authors: LIN Bang Zhong , SASAZAKI Shinji , MANNEN Hideyuki 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to assess genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationship and population structure among nine Eurasian cattle populations using 58 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The calculated distribution of minor allele frequencies and heterozygosities suggested that the genetic diversity of Bos indicus populations was lower than that of Bos taurus populations. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the main divergence between the Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations, and subsequently between Asian and European populations. By principal components analysis, the Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations were clearly distinguished with PC1 (61.1%); however, six Bos taurus populations clustered loosely and the partial separation between European and Asian groups was observed by PC2 (12.5%). The structure analysis was performed using the STRUCTURE program. Distinct separation between Bos taurus and Bos indicus was shown at K = 2, and that between European and Asian populations at K = 3. At K = 4, 5 and 6, Mongolian population showed an admixture pattern with different ancestry of Asian and European cattle. At K = 7, all Bos taurus populations showed each cluster with little proportion of admixture. In conclusion, 58 SNP markers in this study could sufficiently estimate the genetic diversity, relationship and structure for nine Eurasian cattle populations, especially by analyses of principal components and STRUCTURE.
Relationships between the addition rates of cellulase or glucose and silage fermentation at different temperatures
Authors: ZHANG Jian‐Guo , KAWAMOTO Hidenori , CAI Yi‐Min 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTThe influence of the application rates of cellulase preparation and glucose on silage fermentation at different temperatures was studied with the straw of naked barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emand Lam) and guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). Addition rate of cellulase and glucose, temperature and their interaction had significant effects on pH value, lactic acid content, butyric acid content and propionic acid content of naked barley straw silage and significant effects on all the parameters of guineagrass silage (P < 0.01). Temperature and interaction had significant effect on acetic acid content (P < 0.05) and no significant effect on NH3‐N content of naked barley straw silage (P > 0.05). Under all the temperatures, the pH values of barley straw and guineagrass silages were reduced by cellulase and glucose addition even at the lowest rate (P < 0.05), compared with their corresponding control. Lactic acid contents of silages were the highest within the same temperature and same additive when glucose and cellulase were added at the highest rates, whereas the effect of cellulase and glucose addition on butyric acid production varied with their application rates and silage storage temperature. The addition rate of restricting butyric acid fermentation was lower at 20°C than that at 30°C, and it was the lowest at 40°C where cellulase and glucose addition restricted butyric acid fermentation even at 0.1 g/kg and 10 g/kg, respectively, when compared to the control. While the addition rate was lower than the above level, cellulase and glucose addition also promoted butyric acid fermentation.
Balancing the baryon budget: the fraction of the IGM due to galaxy mergers
Authors: Sinha Manodeep , Holley-Bockelmann Kelly 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Observations indicate that roughly 60 per cent of the baryons may exist in a warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) at low redshifts. Following up on previous results showing that gas is released through galaxy mergers, we use a semi-analytic technique to estimate the fraction of gas mass lost from haloes solely due to mergers. We find that up to ∼25 per cent of the gas in a halo can unbind over the course of galaxy assembly. This process does not act preferentially on smaller mass haloes; bigger haloes always release larger amounts of gas in a given volume of the Universe. However, if we include multiphase gas accretion on to haloes, we find that only a few per cent is unbound. We conclude that either non-gravitational processes may be in play to heat up the gas in the galaxies prior to unbinding by mergers or most of the baryons in the WHIM have never fallen into virialized dark matter haloes. We present a budget for stocking the WHIM compiled from recent work.
A method for reconstructing the PDF of a 3D turbulent density field from 2D observations
Authors: Brunt Christopher M. , Federrath Christoph , Price Daniel J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We introduce a method for calculating the probability density function (PDF) of a turbulent density field in three dimensions using only information contained in the projected two-dimensional column density field. We test the method by applying it to numerical simulations of hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in molecular clouds. To a good approximation, the PDF of log(normalized column density) is a compressed, shifted version of the PDF of log(normalized density). The degree of compression can be determined observationally from the column density power spectrum, under the assumption of statistical isotropy of the turbulence.
Age determination of the HR8799 planetary system using asteroseismology
Authors: Moya A. , Amado P. J. , Barrado D. , Hernández A. García , Aberasturi M. , Montesinos B. , Aceituno F. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Discovery of the first planetary system by direct imaging, around HR8799, has made the age determination of the host star a very important task. This determination is the key to deriving accurate masses of the planets and to studying the dynamical stability of the system. The age of this star has been estimated using different procedures. In this Letter we show that some of these procedures have problems and large uncertainties, and the real age of this star is still unknown, needing more observational constraints. Therefore we have developed a comprehensive modelling of HR8799 and, taking advantage of its γ Doradus-type pulsations, we have estimated the age of the star using asteroseismology. The accuracy in the age determination depends on the rotation velocity of the star, and therefore an accurate value of the inclination angle is required to solve the problem. Nevertheless, we find that the age estimate for this star previously published in the literature ([30, 160]Myr) is unlikely, and a more accurate value might be around a Gyr. This determination has significant implications for the value of the mass of the objects orbiting HR8799. An age around ≈1 Gyr implies that these objects would be brown dwarfs.
Monitoring distances travelled by horses using GPS tracking collars
Authors: Hampson BA , Morton JM , Mills PC , Trotter MG , Lamb DW , Pollitt CC 
Published: April 2010

Objective  The aims of this work were to (1) develop a low‐cost equine movement tracking collar based on readily available components, (2) conduct preliminary studies assessing the effects of both paddock size and internal fence design on the movements of domestic horses, with and without foals at foot, and (3) describe distances moved by mares and their foals. Additional monitoring of free‐ranging feral horses was conducted to allow preliminary comparisons with the movement of confined domestic horses.Procedures  A lightweight global positioning system (GPS) data logger modified from a personal/vehicle tracker and mounted on a collar was used to monitor the movement of domestic horses in a range of paddock sizes and internal fence designs for 6.5‐day periods.Results  In the paddocks used (0.8–16 ha), groups of domestic horses exhibited a logarithmic response in mean daily distance travelled as a function of increasing paddock size, tending asymptotically towards approximately 7.5 km/day. The distance moved by newborn foals was similar to their dams, with total distance travelled also dependent on paddock size. Without altering available paddock area, paddock design, with the exception of a spiral design, did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled. Feral horses (17.9 km/day) travelled substantially greater mean daily distances than domestic horses (7.2 km/day in 16‐ha paddock), even when allowing for larger paddock size.Conclusions  Horses kept in stables or small yards and paddocks are quite sedentary in comparison with their feral relatives. For a given paddock area, most designs did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled.
Zinc‐induced Structural Effects Enhance Oxygen Consumption and Superoxide Generation in Synthetic Pheomelanins on UVA/Visible Light Irradiation†
Authors: Panzella Lucia , Szewczyk Grzegorz , D’Ischia Marco , Napolitano Alessandra , Sarna Tadeusz 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe abnormal susceptibility of red‐haired individuals to UV‐induced inflammation and skin cancers is commonly attributed to the marked photoreactivity of pheomelanin pigments, which would be responsible for the sustained generation of reactive oxygen species in the skin following sun exposure. The structural factors determining pheomelanin photolability remain mostly unknown. Here, we describe the effects of zinc ions, typically found at high levels in red hair, in enhancing both oxygen consumption and superoxide production in model pheomelanin pigments following irradiation with UVA and visible light. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry and EPR‐spin trapping experiments with synthetic pheomelanins, prepared by oxidation of dopa and cysteine or isomeric cysteinyldopas under different conditions, indicate a higher photoreactivity of the pigments prepared in the presence of zinc ions compared with those obtained in the absence of the metal. Quantitative analysis of thiazole‐containing structural markers of the synthetic pheomelanins provides evidence that the effect of zinc ions is due to modification of the formation pathway and structural features of the pigments. Overall, these results point to a hitherto unrecognized critical role of zinc ions in pheomelanogenesis, which may affect the intrinsic photoreactivity of the pigment.
In Vivo Low‐level Light Therapy Increases Cytochrome Oxidase in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Hayworth Christopher R. , Rojas Julio C. , Padilla Eimeira , Holmes Genevieve M. , Sheridan Eva C. , Gonzalez‐Lima F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLow‐level light therapy (LLLT) increases survival of cultured cells, improves behavioral recovery from neurodegeneration and speeds wound healing. These beneficial effects are thought to be mediated by upregulation of mitochondrial proteins, especially the respiratory enzyme cytochrome oxidase. However, the effects of in vivo LLLT on cytochrome oxidase in intact skeletal muscle have not been previously investigated. We used a sensitive method for enzyme histochemistry of cytochrome oxidase to examine the rat temporalis muscle 24 h after in vivo LLLT. The findings showed for the first time that in vivo LLLT induced a dose‐ and fiber type‐dependent increase in cytochrome oxidase in muscle fibers. LLLT was particularly effective at enhancing the aerobic capacity of intermediate and red fibers. The findings suggest that LLLT may enhance the oxidative energy metabolic capacity of different types of muscle fibers, and that LLLT may be used to enhance the aerobic potential of skeletal muscle.
THE OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE IN 1948
Authors: Weymarn Alexandre de 
Published: April 2010

Deyaniya Sovestsaniya Glav i Predstaviteley Avtokefalnych Pravoslavnych Zerkvey v Svyasi s Prasdnovaniyem 500‐letiya Avtokefalii Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Zerkvi 8.–18. Jula 1948 goda(Record of the Meeting of Heads and Representatives of the Autocephalous Orthodox Churches Held in Connection with the Quingentenary Celebrations of the Russian Orthodox Church's Attainment to Autocephalous Status, July 8–18, 1948)Moscow Patriarchate Press, Moscow, 1949
From Oxford to Vancouver
Authors: Abrecht Paul 
Published: April 2010

The historic drop in the stock market was the result of the bearing down of a series of fundamental forces… and the failure of market participants either to learn from or remember the lessons of history…. We should not be surprised that this is so. There are few schools of business in the United States that teach financial history. How can we remember the lessons of history if we have not been taught them. (Henry Kaufman, investment banker)1Personally I'm always ready to learn, although I do not always like being taught. (Winston Churchill)2
A Challenge to the Integrity of Creation: An African Woman's Perspective
Authors: Asogwa Cecilia 
Published: April 2010

Is JPIC a compelling process calling churches and Christians to commitment and involvement within the life of the world? Or, as some critics claim, is JPIC a rather a handy but not too practical theoretical construct within which to house the various environment and development commitments of the ecumenical movement?These are ongoing and helpful questions which are not new to the JPIC process. They are important, and necessary to keep in the forefront of debate and discussions in churches, for they point to a central truth — that JPIC is effective only to the extent that it makes a difference in the lives of people. The wealth of theological reflection and socio‐political assessment of the JPIC process, as evidenced by the articles of this issue of The Ecumenical Review, are meaningful precisely in relation to their capacity to form and inform the understandings and actions of churches and Christians in the world. For in the last analysis, JPIC can only be measured in terms of human life, and of flesh and blood.Therefore, it seems worthwhile, and perhaps necessary, within a journal of theological reflection which has as its focus the JPIC process, to include a testimony to JPIC as it is lived out at the grassroots level.We know that women bear a disproportionate impact of the effects of poverty and unjust economic systems. Women too experience a disproportionate impact of the effects of racism. As bearers of life into the world, and as the primary nurturers of future generations, women claim a special place in relation to the environment. It is appropriate, therefore, that Cecilia Asogwa inserts into these JPIC reflections a personal account of a community of rural women in Africa who begin to work together in an economic self‐help group, and in so doing discover themselves involved as active participants and leaders in their community. For these women, JPIC has meant personal and community empowerment which they have experienced as part of the healing of creation.
When Mestizo Becomes (Like) Indio … or is it Garífuna?: Multicultural Rights and “Making Place” on Honduras' North Coast
Authors: Brondo Keri Vacanti 
Published: April 2010

RESUMENEste artículo explora la relación entre el poder, el control de recursos, y la construcción de identidad dentro del contexto de la lucha por parte de los Garífunas para recuperar su territorio ancestral en la costa norte de Honduras. La articulación de una identidad indígena ha permitido a los Garífunas un medio para afirmar su derecho a la autodeterminación, el acceso y el control de recursos principales en una economía creciente de turismo donde la tierra es sumamente deseable. Este artículo se enfoca en las respuestas de miembros comunes de la población dominante (los mestizos) a la emergencia de derechos multiculturales, como ellos procuran “hacer prevalecer” y demostrar su derecho a recursos en una comunidad Garífuna.
The Violence After “La Violencia” in the Ch'orti' Region of Eastern Guatemala
Authors: Metz Brent , Mariano Lorenzo , García Julián López 
Published: April 2010

ResumenEl oriente de Guatemala ha tenido una reputación por ser ladino, fuera de la ley y violento, y lo es en relación al occidente del país. En este artículo intentamos a subvertir la presunción que la gente del oriente sea inherentemente violento por examinar las condiciones históricas y estructurales que fomentan la posibilidad de actos violentos. Entre tales condiciones son tradiciones de racismo y subversión de la autoridad del estado, el genocidio de la guerra civil, la desintegración de tradiciones multi‐comunales, la marginación de servicios y representación del estado y sobre todo para los Ch'orti' especialmente el sentimiento que la gente se haya perdido “el respeto.” Para los ladinos, la aspiración de tener poder y lujos llamados a la atención por los medios de comunicación y la migración a los Estados Unidos y ofrecidos por al tráfico de casi todo ilegal, niños incluso, ha contribuido a la sensación que el individualismo, la moralidad y la violencia estén “saliéndose del guacal.” Algunos han respondido violentamente con la “limpieza social.”