bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Pyrrolidine‐Containing Iminosugars (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 9/2010)
Authors: Stocker Bridget L. , Dangerfield Emma M. , Win‐Mason Anna L. , Haslett Gregory W. , Timmer Mattie S. M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows a representation of the synthesis of several iminosugars. Iminosugars are sugar mimetics found widely in nature. They have potential in the treatment of a number of diseases, and accordingly, much effort has been spent in developing efficient routes for their syntheses. Recent developments in the synthesis of pyrrolidine‐containing iminosugars are outlines in the Microreview by B. L. Stocker, M. S. M. Timmer et al. on page 1615 ff. The plant in the background is a Ponga (silver fern, cyathea dealbata) endemic to New Zealand. It was chosen to highlight the fact that iminosugars are naturally occurring in many plant species from around the world. The authors thank Sam Win‐Mason for the photograph used for the cover picture.
Impact of EMS outreach: Successful developments in Latin America
Authors: Olivero Ofelia A. , Larramendy Marcelo , Soloneski Sonia , Menck Carlos F.M. , Matta Jaime , Folle Gustavo A. , Zamorano‐Ponce Enrique , Spivak Graciela 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis collection of articles was inspired by the long‐standing relationship between the Environmental Mutagen Society and Latin American scientists, and by the program for the 39th Environmental Mutagen Society meeting in Puerto Rico in 2008, which included a symposium featuring “South of the border” scientists. This collection, compiled by Graciela Spivak and Ofelia Olivero, both originally from Argentina, highlights scientists who work in or were trained in Latin American countries and in Puerto Rico in a variety of scientific specialties related to DNA repair and cancer susceptibility, genomic organization and stability, genetic diversity, and environmental contaminants. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time is of the essence
Authors: Heckmann Lars-Henrik , Baas Jan , Jager Tjalling 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
An organism is a dynamic system, and its life history results from underlying processes in time. The effects of biological and chemical stressors on this system therefore also change temporally. In the present short communication, we emphasize the importance of including time as a factor in stress ecology and ecotoxicology and argue that current standard test protocols may benefit considerably from this, improving data interpretation and thus also risk assessment and risk management. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1396–1398. © 2010 SETAC
Characterization of the androgen-sensitive MDA-kb2 cell line for assessing complex environmental mixtures
Authors: Blake Lindsey S. , Martinović Dalma , Gray L. Earl , Wilson Vickie S. , Regal Ron R. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , Ankley Gerald T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSynthetic and natural steroidal androgens and estrogens and many other non-steroidal endocrine-active compounds commonly occur as complex mixtures in aquatic environments. It is important to understand the potential interactive effects of these mixtures to properly assess their risk. Estrogen receptor agonists exhibit additivity in mixtures when tested in vivo and in vitro. Little is known, however, concerning possible mixture interactions of androgen receptor agonists. In these studies we used the MDA-kb2 cell line, a human breast cancer cell line with endogenous androgen receptors and a stably transfected luciferase reporter gene construct to quantify the androgenic activity of seven natural and synthetic androgens: 17β-trenbolone, dihydrotestosterone, methyltestosterone, testosterone, trendione, 17α-trenbolone, and androstenedione. We tested combinations of these androgens and compared the observed activity to expected androgenic activity based on a concentration addition model. Our analyses support the hypothesis that androgen receptor agonists cause additive responses in a mixture. Binary mixtures of 17β-trenbolone with 17β-estradiol or triclocarban (an anti-microbial found in the environment) were also tested. 17β-Estradiol induced androgenic activity, but only at concentrations 600-fold greater than those found in the environment. Triclocarban enhanced the activity of 17β-trenbolone. Additionally, three anti-androgens were each paired with three androgens of varying potencies. The relative potencies of the antagonists were a vinclozolin metabolite (M2) &gt; procymidone &gt; prochloraz regardless of the androgen used. The results of our studies demonstrate the potential utility of the androgen-responsive MDA-kb2 cell line for quantifying the activity of mixtures of endocrine-active chemicals in complex wastes such as municipal effluents and feedlot discharges. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1367–1376. © 2010 SETAC
Uptake and elimination of perfluorinated phosphonic acids in the rat
Authors: D'eon Jessica C. , Mabury Scott A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The mono- and di-substituted perfluorinated phosphonic acids (mono-PFPAs and di-PFPAs) are high production volume fluorinated surfactants. Mono-PFPAs have been observed in Canadian surface waters and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. The first observation of the di-PFPAs in the environment is reported here, with the observation of the C6/C6 and C6/C8 di-PFPAs in the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) WWTP sludge standard reference material (SRM) 2781. To characterize the risk associated with human exposure to the mono-PFPAs and di-PFPAs, we determined uptake and elimination parameters in the rat. After oral gavage all of the mono-PFPA and di-PFPA congeners were observed in the blood of the dosed animals. Half-lives after intraperitoneal dosing ranged from 0.96 ± 0.11 to 2.8 ± 0.5 days for the mono-PFPAs and 1.8 ± 0.1 to 9.3 ± 1.5 days for the di-PFPAs. These half-lives are of similar magnitude to those for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 8 to 30 days in male rats) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, 6 days in male rats and 1 hour in female rats). Both PFOS and PFOA have human half-lives on the order of years, and so the mono-PFPAs and di-PFPAs may also have significant lifetimes in the human body. The analysis of paired whole blood and plasma samples demonstrated that the mono-PFPAs may bind to blood cells underestimating their concentration in plasma and sera samples. The biological fate of the mono-PFPAs and di-PFPAs determined here suggest there is the potential for human exposure and that if exposure does occur, they may be long-lived in the body. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1319–1329. © 2010 SETAC
Microsphere size effects on embryoid body incorporation and embryonic stem cell differentiation
Authors: Carpenedo Richard L. , Seaman Scott A. , McDevitt Todd C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDifferentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs)in vitrovia multicellular spheroids called embryoid bodies (EBs) is commonly performed to model aspects of early mammalian development and initiate differentiation of cells for regenerative medicine technologies. However, the three‐dimensional nature of EBs poses unique challenges for directed ESC differentiation, including limited diffusion into EBs of morphogenic molecules capable of specifying cell fate. Degradable polymer microspheres incorporated within EBs can present morphogenic molecules to ESCs in a spatiotemporally controlled manner to more efficiently direct differentiation. In this study, the effect of microsphere size on incorporation into EBs and ESC differentiation in response to microsphere‐ mediated morphogen delivery were assessed. PLGA microspheres with mean diameters of 1, 3, or 11 μm were fabricated and mixed with ESCs during EB formation. Smaller microspheres were incorporated more efficiently throughout EBs than larger microspheres, and regardless of size, retained for at least 10 days of differentiation. Retinoic acid release from incorporated microspheres induced EB cavitation in a size‐dependent manner, with smaller microspheres triggering accelerated and more complete cavitation than larger particles. These results demonstrate that engineering the size of microsphere delivery vehicles incorporated within stem cell environments can be used to modulate the course of differentiation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Mutations in Keap1 are a potential prognostic factor in resected non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Sonobe Makoto , Menju Toshi , Nakayama Ei , Mino Nobuya , Iwakiri Shotaro , Nagai Shinjiro , Sato Kiyoshi , Miyahara Ryo , Okubo Kenichi , Hirata Toshiki , Date Hiroshi , Wada Hiromi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundMutations in Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) have been reported to protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic agents. However, their prognostic significance in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of Keap1 gene mutations on survival and disease‐free interval using resected primary NSCLC tissue.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the tumors from 79 patients with completely resected pathological Stage I–II NSCLC for the presence of Keap1 gene mutations and examined the prognosis of the patients.ResultsKeap1 gene mutations were detected in four patients (5.1%). The postoperative 5‐year survival rate for patients with Keap1 mutations was significantly lower than those without a mutation (25% vs. 76%, P = 0.038). The postoperative 5‐year disease‐free survival rate for patients with a mutant Keap1 tumor was slightly lower than for patients with Keap1 wild‐type tumors (25% vs. 66%, P = 0.057).ConclusionsKeap1 gene mutations are likely to be associated with a worse prognosis and lower postoperative disease‐free survival rates in pathological Stage I–II NSCLC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:500–506. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of conventional transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and chemoembolization with doxorubicin drug eluting beads (DEB) for unresectable hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: Dhanasekaran Renumathy , Kooby David A. , Staley Charles A. , Kauh John S. , Khanna Vinit , Kim Hyun S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesChemoembolization with doxorubicin drug eluting beads (DEB) is a novel locoregional treatment modality for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Initial animal studies and clinical trials suggest that treatment with DEB may provide safer and more effective short‐term outcomes than conventional chemoembolization. Current study explores long‐term survival benefits.MethodsConsecutive patients who received transcatheter therapy with DEB or conventional chemoembolization as sole therapy between 1998 and 2008 were studied. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier estimator with log‐rank testing, chi‐squared, and independent t‐tests.ResultsSeventy‐one patients were included in this study, 45 (63.4%) received therapy with DEB (group A) and 26 (36.6%) underwent conventional chemoembolization (group B). Median survival from diagnosis of HCC in groups A and B were 610 (351–868) and 284 days (4–563; P = 0.03), respectively. In Okuda stage I, survival in groups A and B were 501 (421–528) and 354 days (148–560, P = 0.02). In Child–Pugh classes A and B, survival in groups A and B were 641 (471–810) and 323 days (161–485, P = 0.002). Median survival in patients with Cancer of Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score ≤3 in groups A and B were 469 (358–581) and 373 days (195–551, P = 0.03). NCI CTCAEv3 Grade 5 clinical toxicity was similar.ConclusionsIn our study, transcatheter therapy with DEB offers a survival advantage over conventional chemoembolization for patients with unresectable HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:476–480. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The management of thyroid carcinoma invading the larynx or trachea
Authors: Honings Jimmie , Stephen Antonia E. , Marres Henri A. , Gaissert Henning A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To describe the controversies in the management of thyroid carcinoma invading the airway.Study Design:Contemporary review of literature; level of evidence: 5.Results:Invasion of the larynx or trachea by thyroid carcinoma is uncommon and often identified at the time of operation, when the surgeon must decide the extent of resection. Invasion of the airway is associated with loss of tumor differentiation and a reduction in long‐term survival compared to tumors limited to the thyroid gland. Whether or not the invaded airway should be resected remains controversial. Tangential shave excision of tumor is commonly performed, despite a marked risk of local recurrence. Circumferential sleeve resection of the larynx and trachea is safe and lowers the risk of local recurrence. In recurrent disease, laryngotracheal resection provides effective palliation of airway obstruction and hemoptysis.Conclusions:Long‐term (>10–20 years) prospective studies are required to compare the outcome after shave excision with segmental airway resection for thyroid carcinoma. Based on the current literature and on our experience, we advocate circumferential tracheal resection in the setting of airway involvement. Laryngoscope, 2010
Correlates of chemosensory malingering
Authors: Doty Richard L. , Crastnopol Benjamin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Smell and taste tests are commonly employed to quantify chemosensory sequelae of head trauma, toxic exposures, and iatrogenesis. Malingering on forced‐choice chemosensory tests can be detected by improbable responding. This study determined whether chemosensory test malingerers differ from nonmalingerers in terms of age, sex, education, and a range of self‐reported behaviors and symptoms, potentially providing information of value for malingering detection.Study Design:Case control.Methods:Twenty‐two chemosensory malingerers were identified from a large clinical database and matched, randomly, to 66 nonmalingerers on the basis of etiology. Differences in demographics and responses to intake questionnaire items were statistically assessed. Logistic regression was used to identify variables that best predicted malingering behavior.Results:Relative to nonmalingerers, malingerers reported significantly fewer allergies, dental problems, cigarettes smoked, surgical operations, nasal sinus problems, and use of medications, and significantly more putative symptom‐related psychological duress, interference with daily activities, weight loss, decreased appetite, and taste loss. Litigation involvement was higher in malingerers than nonmalingerers. Age, sex, education, and length of symptom descriptions did not differentiate malingerers from nonmalingerers.Conclusions:Malingerers of chemosensory tests exaggerate symptom severity and underreport factors that might be construed as contributing to their dysfunction, such as smoking behavior, medication use, and general health. This contrasts with the behavior of malingerers of psychiatric symptoms, who typically exaggerate their general health problems. These data suggest that careful review of past medical records should be used to verify patient reports to better detect chemosensory malingering in cases where financial or other external incentives are present. Laryngoscope, 2010
Impulsive‐compulsive spectrum behaviors in pathologically confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: O'Sullivan Sean S. , Djamshidian Atbin , Ahmed Zeshan , Evans Andrew H. , Lawrence Andrew D. , Holton Janice L. , Revesz Tamas , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThere is growing awareness of impulsive‐compulsive spectrum behaviors (ICBs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with dopamine replacement therapy (DRT). These include pathological gambling, hypersexuality, compulsive shopping, binge eating, punding and compulsive use of DRT, or dopamine dysregulation syndrome. In PD, difficulties exist in separating the effects of DRT from the underlying disease process and aberrant dopaminergic systems in determining the aetiology of ICBs. Recent reports of ICBs associated with dopamine agonist use for conditions other than PD may suggest a significant etiological role for these medications, but currently published cases thus far lack pathological confirmation of diagnoses. We present three cases of pathologically confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy who developed ICBs in association with dopamine agonist use. Pathological comparisons between these three cases and other case series of progressive supranuclear palsy are made. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Hypothyroidism after 131I‐monoclonal antibody treatment of neuroblastoma
Authors: Bhandari Sonal , Cheung Nai‐Kong V. , Kushner Brian H. , Kramer Kim , Modak Shakeel , Larson Steven M. , Yeh Samuel , Heller Glenn , Sklar Charles A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the prevalence of and risk factors for primary hypothyroidism following treatment with a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (131I‐3F8) in children with neuroblastoma.ProcedureIn the current study, we assessed thyroid function in 51 neuroblastoma patients who survived for ≥3 months after treatment with 131I‐3F8 (a murine IgG3 monoclonal antibody that reacts with the ganglioside GD2) at 4 mCi/kg/day × 5 days (total 20 mCi/kg). Prior therapy in all subjects included dose‐intensive chemotherapy; 13 subjects also received external beam radiation to the neck. Oral iodide and liothyronine sodium (T3) were administered for protection of the thyroid gland.ResultsThirty‐two of 51 subjects (63%) developed hormonal evidence of primary hypothyroidism. The median time to hypothyroidism after treatment with 131I‐3F8 was 6.4 months. The probability of developing hypothyroidism was 56% at 2 years following treatment with 131I‐3F8. There was evidence for an association between thyroidal uptake of 131I and development of hypothyroidism (hazard ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 0.91–3.30; P = 0.09).ConclusionsWe conclude that hormonal evidence of primary hypothyroidism developed in a majority of subjects treated with 131I‐3F8, despite pretreatment with oral iodide plus liothyronine sodium. Alternative strategies for thyroid gland protection are needed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:76–80. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Viral myocarditis induced by Coxsackievirus B3 in A.BY/SnJ mice: Analysis of changes in the myocardial proteome
Authors: Hammer Elke , Phong Truong Quoc , Steil Leif , Klingel Karin , Salazar Manuela Gesell , Bernhardt Jörg , Kandolf Reinhard , Kroemer Heyo K. , Felix Stephan B. , Völker Uwe 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEnteroviral myocarditis displays highly diverse clinical phenotypes ranging from mild dyspnoea or chest pain to cardiogenic shock and death. Despite detailed studies of the virus life cycle in vitro and in vivo, the molecular interplay between host and virus in disease progression is largely unresolved. Murine models of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)‐induced myocarditis well mimic the human disease patterns and can thus be explored to study mechanisms leading from acute to chronic myocarditis. Here, we present a 2‐D gel‐based proteomic survey of the changes in the murine cardiac proteome that occurs following infection with CVB3. In total, 136 distinct proteins were affected. Proteins, which are involved in immunity and defense and protein metabolism/modification displayed pronounced changes in intensity not only during acute but also at later stages of CVB3 myocarditis. Proteins involved in maintenance of cell structure and associated proteins were particularly influenced in the acute phase of myocarditis, whereas reduction of levels of metabolic enzymes was observed in chronic myocarditis. Studies about changes in protein intensities were complemented by an analysis of protein phosphorylation that revealed infection‐associated changes in the phosphorylation of myosin binding protein C, atrial and ventricular isoforms of myosin regulatory light chain 2, desmin, and Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta‐2.
Synthesis and properties of new aromatic polyisophthalamides with adamantylamide pendent groups
Authors: Espeso Jorge F. , Lozano Ángel E. , de la Campa José G. , García‐Yoldi Íñigo , de Abajo Javier 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new diacid monomer containing a pendent adamantyl ring was reacted with various aromatic diamines to prepare novel aromatic polyisophthalamides (PIPAs). The polymers were obtained in high yield and high molecular weight by the Yamazaki‐Higashi phosphorylation method of polycondensation. Inherent viscosities ranged from 0.40 to 0.82 dL/g, which corresponds to weight‐average and number‐average molecular weights (GPC) in the range 21,000–63,000 g/mol and 9000–31,000 g/mol, respectively. The polymers were essentially amorphous and soluble in a variety of polar aprotic solvents, and they afforded transparent, creasable films by the solution‐casting method. The great size of the polyhedral adamantyl moiety brought about a significant restriction of segmental mobility, which translated into a strong increase of Tg, so that very high glass transition temperatures were observed, in the range 335–370 °C (DSC), which are 70–90 °C above the glass transition temperatures of homologous PIPAs without pendent groups. Thus, it can be stated that these adamantyl containing polyamides are among the soluble aromatic PIPAs with highest Tg ever described. Conversely, the initial decomposition temperature, as measured by thermogravimetric analysis, was about 400 °C, which is lower by 40–70° than that of unsubstituted counterparts. Polymer films exhibited good mechanical properties, with tensile strengths over 65 MPa and tensile moduli between 2.0 and 2.6 GPa. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1743–1751, 2010
Facile, efficient functionalization of polyethylene via regioselective copolymerization of ethylene with cyclic dienes
Authors: Hong Miao , Pan Li , Ye Wei‐Ping , Song Dong‐Po , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe copolymerizations of ethylene with cyclic dienes [dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and 2,5‐norbornadiene (NBD)] using bis(β‐enaminoketonato)titanium complexes [PhN = C(R2)CHC(R1)O]2TiCl2 (1a: R1 = CF3, R2 = CH3; 1b: R1 = t‐Bu, R2 = CF3; 1c: R1 = Ph, R2 = CF3) have been investigated. In the presence of modified methylaluminoxane, these complexes exhibited high catalytic activities in the copolymerization of ethylene with DCPD or NBD, affording high molecular weight copolymers with unimodal molecular weight distributions. 1H and 13C‐NMR spectra reveal ethylene/DCPD copolymerizations by catalysts 1a–c proceeds through the enchainment of norbornene ring. Catalysts 1a and 1c showed a tendency to afford alternating copolymers. More noticeably, catalysts 1b and 1c bearing bulky substituents on the ligands promote ethylene/NBD copolymerization without crosslinking, affording the copolymer containing intracyclic double bonds. The NBD incorporation as high as 27.2 mol % has been achieved by catalyst 1c. Moreover, the microstructures of the copolymers were further confirmed by the measurement of reactivity ratios and dyad monomer sequences as well as mean sequence lengths. The intracyclic double bonds of ethylene/DCPD or ethylene/NBD copolymers can be fully converted into polar groups such as epoxy, amine, silane, and hydroxyl groups under mild conditions. Convenient synthesis of hydroxylated polyethylene can be provided for the first time through the ring opening reaction of epoxide. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1764–1772, 2010