bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female Sexual Function Evaluation of the Tension-Free Vaginal Tape (TVT) and Transobturator Suburethral Tape (TOT) Incontinence Surgery: Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Pace Gianna , Vicentini Carlo 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Significantly more women reporting stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or low urinary tract symptoms complained of sexual dysfunction than a general healthy female population. The use of a tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), placed transvaginally under the mid-urethra, ensures to reacquire continence but could affect sexual function.

Aim
This study aimed to determine if a suburethral tape for the correction of SUI could interfere with sexual activity.

Methods
Of 108 patients, 37 underwent positioning of a tension free vaginal tape through a retropubic approach (TVT), and 71 through a transobturator approach from outside to inside (TOT).

Main Outcome Measures
All patients enrolled had a complete urodynamic study and were invited to answer the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire and our personal questionnaire, before surgery, after 1 month, and then at 3-month intervals.

Results
Of the 108 patients, 67% of the women experienced incontinence during intercourse, 96% during penetration, and 4% on orgasm. The cure rate for SUI was 97.1%. Sixty-two women (87%) with TOT placement and 31 (84%) with TVT were satisfied with the operation as regards sexual function, 68 (96%) and 29 (78%), respectively, with TOT and TVT had an improvement of urinary symptoms with resolution of urinary leakage during intercourse, after a 12.3-month follow-up. Just one patient treated with a TOT approach and two with the TVT complained of low grade of leakage. Of the 101 sexually active women, 90.1% reported a significant improvement in their sexual life, 9.9% referred a poor sexual activity not due to surgical intervention.

Conclusions
In the surgical treatment of SUI, it is important to think about the patients' future sexual life and inform them that the great part of women can expect to improve their quality of life.
APPROACHES TO PROMOTING MORE WIDESPREAD PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Owen Neville , Dwyer Terry 
Published: August 2010

AbstractExercise is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, has beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, and has other health benefits. No more than 10 per cent to 20 per cent of adults in Australia and other developed countries participate in regular vigorous physical activity, while over 65 per cent of Australian adults are almost totally sedentary. Survey data from the U.S.A. suggest that levels of participation in jogging and walking have increased in the past 10 years but that the proportion of people who take no deliberate exercise has also increased. Large‐scale community interventions to promote exercising have not been subject to rigorous evaluation and it is difficult to reach any firm conclusions about the effects of exercise promotion. However, it is possible to identify some of the factors which may influence exercise participation, and there is information from trials of large‐scale, multifactorial interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk which provides some helpful guidelines about how it may be useful to proceed. Approaches to increasing levels of exercise participation should emphasise community‐based efforts which provide appropriate settings and social support for exercising, making exercise a more appealing and accessible option for large numbers of people; the use of mass media for community education about exercising should be co‐ordinated carefully with specific community activities. Personalized fitness instruction, groups and classes should place more emphasis on exercise as a pattern of behaviour to be integrated into a person's way of life and maintained over time; and there is the potential for more widespread and systematic use of self‐instructional exercise materials to assist people who wish to exercise independently. Because there exist only limited local research findings and work in other countries does not yet provide conclusive information, research and development priorities for these areas are suggested.
Higher Order Wave Loading on Fixed, Slender, Surface-Piercing, Rigid
Cylinders
Authors: Thiagarajan K. , Baddour R. E. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The use of Morison's equation together with the linear wave theory is considered a first approximation to evaluate the inline wave forces on a surface-piercing cylinder. Significant second-order forces are expected to arise from the waterline and dynamic pressure effects, even when a wave is described by the linear theory. Experiments have been carried out at the MUN (Memorial University of Newfoundland) wave tank facility to identify these second-order forces for various wave frequencies and for various cylinder diameters. A strain gage force transducer has been used for this purpose. First and second-order force components have been identified using a Fast Fourier Transform. Theoretical evaluation of wave forces involved computing components from Morison’s equation using second-order Stokes theory. The waterline forces and convective acceleration forces which contribute toward the total second-order force have also been evaluated. First-order results are in acceptance with previously established data. Theoretical considerations for second order are satisfactory. Scatter in second-order experimental results were observed. Different approaches to the second-order inertia force are compared. It is expected that the inclusion of second-order forces will lead to a better representation of wave loading on offshore structures.
Drift Motions of a Floating Barge in Random Multi-Directional
Waves
Authors: Nwogu O. , Isaacson M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
This paper presents results of a numerical and laboratory investigation into the mooring line forces and slow drift oscillations of large floating structures in multidirectional waves. A procedure for computing the spectral density of the second-order forces in random multi-directional waves based on the concept of a bidirectional, bifrequency quadratic transfer function is presented. Laboratory tests were carried out with a floating barge model, restrained horizontally by soft linear springs. The barge was subjected to random multi-directional waves with different degrees of directional spreading. The influence of wave directionality on the mooring line forces and low frequency motions is investigated by comparing results in unidirectional and multi-directional sea states with an identical frequency spectrum. The results indicate a significant reduction of the mean and standard deviation of the surge response, and an increased sway and yaw response. The mooring line forces were affected by wave directionality in a similar manner as the surge response.
A Three-Dimensional Plasticity and Momentum Model for Ship Resistance
in Level Ice
Authors: Luk C. H. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
In this paper, a three-dimensional analysis is presented for calculating the level ice resistance for ships that have conventional hull forms. Comparisons with published ship resistance data and other analytical predictions are also provided. The present approach combines two analytical techniques: 1) plastic limit analysis is used to describe the ice failure mechanism and the associated ice velocity field; and 2) linear and angular momentum balances determine the average ice resistance for a ship. In the momentum balance, potential flow theory is used to describe the water motion induced by the icebreaking process. Existing methods for determining ship resistance in ice include numerical methods which depend on solutions of equations of motion that describe the dynamic interaction between the ice and the ship, and empirical methods which depend on model and full-scale icebreaker data to generate empirical correlations for ship resistance. The present results compare reasonably well with published model-scale and full-scale icebreaker data. Comparisons with predictions based on other numerical methods are also discussed.
Theoretical Assessment of Light Structural Damage due to Ship
Collision With Ice
Authors: Moshaiov A. , Steinhilber M. R. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A major consideration in the recent development of marine transportation for ice-infested waters is the strength required for ships’ hulls. Plasticity methods are currently used in conjunction with given design ice loads. In this paper, a new plasticity model is suggested. It is based on the assumption that the kinetic energy of the ice/ship collision is absorbed both by the ice and the structure. During the collision process, the ice/structure contact area varies due to ice crushing, which dissipates some of the energy. At the same time, the plating may deform plastically, absorbing the remaining energy. Other forms of energies and ice failures are not accounted for, allowing a conservative estimate of the damage. A parametric study is performed, revealing the significance of the energy absorbed by the ice in reducing the predicted permanent deflection of the plating. The new model is shown to be useful for ship structural design and optimization in addition to the evaluation of operating restrictions. Several recommendations for further development of the model are discussed, including the incorporation of strain rate sensitivity of the ice-crushing strength and the plating yield strength.
A Note on the Determination of Sea Ice Concentration
Authors: Bruno M. S. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
An argument is presented for the inclusion of diffusive effects in the equation governing the redistribution of sea ice. An ice concentration equation including diffusion is derived through Reynold’s averaging. This advection-diffusion equation is solved using the Eulerian-Lagrangian time-splitting technique, which affords both accuracy and stability and so allows for the use of large model timesteps commensurate with ice flow forcing information.
Design of Thermostable Beta-Propeller Phytases with Activity over a Broad Range of pHs and Their Overproduction by
Pichia pastoris
Authors: Viader-Salvadó José M. , Gallegos-López Juan A. , Carreón-Treviño J. Gerardo , Castillo-Galván Miguel , Rojo-Domínguez Arturo , Guerrero-Olazarán Martha 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Thermostable phytases, which are active over broad pH ranges, may be useful as feed additives, since they can resist the temperatures used in the feed-pelleting process. We designed new beta-propeller phytases, using a structure-guided consensus approach, from a set of amino acid sequences from
Bacillus
phytases and engineered
Pichia pastoris
strains to overproduce the enzymes. The recombinant phytases were N-glycosylated, had the correct amino-terminal sequence, showed activity over a pH range of 2.5 to 9, showed a high residual activity after 10 min of heat treatment at 80°C and pH 5.5 or 7.5, and were more thermostable at pH 7.5 than a recombinant form of phytase C from
Bacillus subtilis
(GenBank accession no. AAC31775). A structural analysis suggested that the higher thermostability may be due to a larger number of hydrogen bonds and to the presence of P257 in a surface loop. In addition, D336 likely plays an important role in the thermostability of the phytases at pH 7.5. The recombinant phytases showed higher thermostability at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.5. This difference was likely due to a different protein total charge at pH 5.5 from that at pH 7.5. The recombinant beta-propeller phytases described here may have potential as feed additives and in the pretreatment of vegetable flours used as ingredients in animal diets.
An investigation into methods to develop indicators to measure injury related impairment
Authors: Gulliver Pauline , Cryer Colin , Davie Gabrielle , Langley John 
Published: August 2010

ObjectiveTo investigate whether valid indicators of injury-related impairment could be developed based on data from a New Zealand national no-fault accident insurance scheme.DesignThe feasibility of (1) developing impairment related indicators using insurance data directly, and (2) deriving diagnosis specific probability of impairment measures based on hospital discharge data were investigated.SettingThe source data were lump sum payment data for permanent impairment arising from an injury event between 1 April 2002 and 31 October 2006, and hospital discharge data for injury events between 1 April 2002 and 31 December 2005.Main outcome measureA threat of impairment measure was developed that was based on a list of International Classification of Diseases codes (version 10) which, if assessed would attract a lump sum payment for permanent impairment, and would almost always be expected to be admitted to hospital.ResultsA group of approximately 80 diagnoses satisfying the above criteria were identified. The trend in age standardised injury rates for the threat of impairment indicator is consistent with the trend for the New Zealand threat to life indicator.ConclusionsThis work has provided a method for the development of hospital discharge-based serious threat of impairment injury indicators. This is an important first step in developing a comprehensive package of (threat of) disability indicators.
Small Intestinal Cancer: a Population-Based Study of Incidence and Survival Patterns in the United States, 1992 to 2006
Authors: Qubaiah Osama , Devesa Susan S. , Platz Charles E. , Huycke Mark M. , Dores Graça M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Background: The etiology of cancers of the small intestine is largely unknown. To gain insight into these rare malignancies, we evaluated contemporaneous incidence and survival patterns.
Methods: Using small intestine cancer data from 12 population-based registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program, we calculated age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates (IRs), IR ratios, and relative survival (RS) rates.
Results: In total, 10,945 small intestine cancers (IR = 2.10/100,000 person-years) were diagnosed during 1992 to 2006, including carcinomas (n = 3,412; IR = 0.66), neuroendocrine cancers (n = 4,315; IR = 0.83), sarcomas (n = 1,084; IR = 0.20), and lymphomas (n = 2,023, IR = 0.38). For all histologic groups, males had significantly higher IRs than females, and distinct age-specific gender patterns were limited to intermediate-/high-grade lymphomas. Neuroendocrine cancer rates varied significantly by race, with rates highest among blacks and lowest among Asians/Pacific Islanders. Carcinoma IRs were highest among blacks; sarcoma IRs were highest among Asians/Pacific Islanders; and lymphoma IRs were highest among whites. Age-specific IR patterns were similar across racial/ethnic groups. During 1992 to 2006, duodenal cancer IRs increased more markedly than those for other subsites. RS varied little by gender or race. Neuroendocrine cancers had the most favorable RS, and carcinomas had the least favorable. The greatest improvement in 5-year RS from 1992 to 1998 to 1999 to 2005 was observed for sarcomas and lymphomas.
Conclusions: Distinct small intestine cancer IR patterns according to histologic subtype suggest different underlying etiologies and/or disease biology, with susceptibility varying by gender, racial/ethnic groups, and subsite. Temporal patterns support a possible role for diagnostic bias of duodenal cancers.
Impact: Future epidemiologic studies of small intestine cancer should consider histologic subtype by gender, race/ethnicity, and subsite. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 1908–18. ©2010 AACR.
Oral Contraceptive Use and Estrogen/Progesterone Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer among African American Women
Authors: Rosenberg Lynn , Boggs Deborah A. , Wise Lauren A. , Adams-Campbell Lucile L. , Palmer Julie R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground: Oral contraceptive formulations have changed over time, making it relevant to assess the effect of more recent formulations on breast cancer risk. In addition, some studies have found stronger positive associations of oral contraceptive use with estrogen receptor–negative (ER−) than with ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer. We carried out the first assessment of the effect of oral contraceptive use on the incidence of breast cancer classified by receptor status among African American women, a group disproportionately affected by ER− cancer.Methods: We followed 53,848 Black Women's Health Study participants from 1995 to 2007 through biennial health questionnaires, in which participants reported information about incident breast cancer, oral contraceptive use, and breast cancer risk factors. Pathology information was obtained on receptor status for 789 incident cases. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were derived from Cox regression models with control for confounding factors.Results: Ever use of oral contraceptives was more strongly associated with ER−PR− breast cancer (279 cases; IRR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.19-2.30) than with ER+PR+ cancer (386 cases; IRR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.86-1.42). The risk of ER−PR− breast cancer increased with increasing duration of use among recent users.Conclusions: These results indicate that the oral contraceptive formulations used in recent decades increase breast cancer risk in African American women, with a greater effect for ER− than ER+ cancer.Impact: Mechanisms to explain the adverse influence of oral contraceptive use on ER− breast cancer need to be elucidated. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 2073–9. ©2010 AACR.
Global Patterns of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates and Trends
Authors: Jemal Ahmedin , Center Melissa M. , DeSantis Carol , Ward Elizabeth M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhile incidence and mortality rates for most cancers (including lung, colorectum, female breast, and prostate) are decreasing in the United States and many other western countries, they are increasing in several less developed and economically transitioning countries because of adoption of unhealthy western lifestyles such as smoking and physical inactivity and consumption of calorie-dense food. Indeed, the rates for lung and colon cancers in a few of these countries have already surpassed those in the United States and other western countries. Most developing countries also continue to be disproportionately affected by cancers related to infectious agents, such as cervix, liver, and stomach cancers. The proportion of new cancer cases diagnosed in less developed countries is projected to increase from about 56% of the world total in 2008 to more than 60% in 2030 because of the increasing trends in cancer rates and expected increases in life expectancy and growth of the population. In this review, we describe these changing global incidence and mortality patterns for select common cancers and the opportunities for cancer prevention in developing countries. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 1893–907. ©2010 AACR.
No Association between FTO or HHEX and Endometrial Cancer Risk
Authors: Gaudet Mia M. , Yang Hannah P. , Bosquet Jesus Gonzalez , Healey Catherine S. , Ahmed Shahana , Dunning Alison M. , Easton Doug F. , Spurdle Amanda B. , Ferguson Kaltin , O'Mara Tracy , Lambrechts Diether , Despierre Evelyn , Vergote Ignace , Amant Frederic , Lacey James V. , Lissowska Jola , Peplonska Beata , Brinton Louise A. , Chanock Stephen , Garcia-Closas Montserrat 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and diabetes are known risk factors for endometrial cancer; thus, the genetic risk factors of these phenotypes might also be associated with endometrial cancer risk. To evaluate this hypothesis, we genotyped tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and candidate SNPs in FTO and HHEX in a primary set of 417 endometrial cancer cases and 406 population-based controls, and validated significant findings in a replication set of approximately 2,347 cases and 3,140 controls from three additional studies.
Methods: We genotyped 189 tagSNPs in FTO (including rs8050136) and five tagSNPs in HHEX (including rs1111875) in the primary set and one SNP each in FTO (rs12927155) and HHEX (rs1111875) in the validation set. Per allele odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the association between the genotypes of each SNPs (as an ordinal variable) and endometrial cancer risk using unconditional logistic regression models, controlling for age and site.
Results: In the primary study, the most significant finding in FTO was rs12927155 (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.21-2.01; P = 5.8 × 10−4), and in HHEX, it was rs1111875 (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.97; P = 0.026). In the validation studies, the pooled per allele OR, adjusted for age and study for FTO, was rs12927155 (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83-1.06; P = 0.29), whereas for HHEX, it was rs1111875 (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.92-1.10; P = 0.96).
Conclusion: Our data indicate that common genetic variants in two genes previously related to obesity (FTO) and diabetes (HHEX) by genome-wide association scans were not associated with endometrial cancer risk.
Impact: Polymorphisms in FTO and HHEX are unlikely to have large effects on endometrial cancer risk but may have weaker effects. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 2106–9. ©2010 AACR.
A GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR PREPARING 1000-MILLIBAR PROGNOSTIC CHARTS
Authors: Reed Richard J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A method is presented for preparing 1000-millibar (surface) prognostic charts. The method makes use of the graphical technique developed by Fjörtoft and is based on a baroclinic model which resembles closely that employed by Estoque in the prediction of cyclone development.
Three cases tested to date have yielded correlations of 0.93, 0.89 and 0.88 between predicted and observed 1000-mb height changes.
The Effect of Drop-Size Distribution Variability on Radiometric Estimates of Rainfall Rates for Frequencies from 3 to 10 GHz
Authors: Jameson A. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe substantial upwelling microwave radiation emitted by rain, as well as the relative simplicity of radiometers, guarantees their continuing important role in measuring rain from space. However, for frequencies greater than around 20 GHz, ice clouds overlying rain often scatter much of the upwelling radiation out of the field of view. In addition, at these frequencies raindrops scatter so well that oven when a few more are added to an already low concentration of drops, the additional drops actually scatter away more radiation than they contribute to the field of view. Because of these two effects, the direct measurement of rainfall rate at high microwave frequencies using upwelling radiation is restricted to low rainfall rates.In contrast, from 3 to 10 GHz emissions from raindrops and from clouds dominate the radiative transfer equation. Because emission and absorption are reciprocal, the combined absorption coefficient of the cloud and the rain can be estimated from the upwelling radiation at these frequencies. After extracting the component due to rain (ka), it may be used to estimate the rainfall rate ξ(R). It is important, therefore, that R depend as strongly as possible on ka.The physical link between R and ka varies depending upon the microwave frequency. The weaker the relation the more sensitive ka and ξ(R) are to variations in the drop-size distribution. In this study it is shown that the scatter in ka and ξ(R), in response to variations in the drop-size distribution, is greatest at 8 and smallest at 3 GHz.