bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Variability of Active‐Layer Thaw Depth in Two Physiographic Regions of Northern Alaska
Authors: Gomersall Claire E. , Hinkel Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2010

The active layer is the zone above permafrost that experiences seasonal freeze and thaw. Active‐layer thickness varies annually in response to air and surface temperature, and generally decreases poleward. Substantially less is known about thaw variability across small lateral distances in response to topography, parent material, vegetation, and subsurface hydrology.A graduated steel rod was used to measure the 1998 end‐of‐season thaw depth across several transects. A balanced hierarchical sampling design was used to estimate the contribution to total variance in active‐layer depth at separating distances of 1, 3, 9, 27, and 100 meters. A second sampling scheme was used to examine variation at shorter distances of 0.3 and 0.1 meter. This seven‐stage sample design was applied to two sites in the Arctic Foothills physiographic province, and four sites on the Arctic Coastal Plain province in northern Alaska. The spatial variability for each site was determined using ANOVA and variogram methods to compare intersite and inter‐province variation.Spatial variation in thaw depth was different in the Foothills and Coastal Plain sites. A greater percentage of the total variance occurs at short lag distances (0–3 meters) at the Foothills sites, presumably reflecting the influence of frost boils and tussock vegetation on ground heat flow. In contrast, thaw variation at the Coastal Plain sites occurs at distances exceeding 10 meters, and is attributed to the influence of well‐developed networks of ice‐wedge polygons and the presence of drained thaw‐lake basins. This information was used to determine an ongoing sampling scheme for each site and to assess the suitability of each method of analysis.
Virtual and Traditional Feedback‐Seeking Behaviors: Underlying Competitive Attitudes and Consequent Grade Performance
Authors: Hwang Alvin , Arbaugh J. B. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe electronic medium continues to play an increasingly important role in the delivery of management education despite a paucity of empirical studies on its impact and efficacy. Results from a study of competitive attitudes and feedback‐seeking behaviors across seven “hybrid” electronic cum live classes showed that Kiasu‐Negative (a competitive attitude directed at preventing others from getting ahead of oneself) and Kiasu‐Positive (a competitive attitude directed at personal diligence to get ahead of others) (Hwang, Ang, & Francesco, 2002) were related to two electronic discussion board feedback‐seeking behaviors. These feedback‐seeking behaviors, in turn, were related to grade performance as measured by multiple‐choice tests. Traditional feedback‐seeking measures of asking the professor in class or outside the class, and checking with fellow students for their views on class topics did not have a positive influence on multiple‐choice test performance. In light of these findings, educators should consider how best to encourage participation on electronic discussion boards for hybrid type courses, while researchers should further examine the underlying causes of learning from such electronic exchanges. Other implications of these findings are also discussed.
Defining, Assessing, and Promoting E‐Learning Success: An Information Systems Perspective*
Authors: Holsapple Clyde W. , Lee‐Post Anita 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis research advances the understanding of how to define, evaluate, and promote e‐learning success from an information systems perspective. It introduces the E‐Learning Success Model, which posits that the overall success of an e‐learning initiative depends on the attainment of success at each of the three stages of e‐learning systems development: system design, system delivery, and system outcome. To study this model, an online version of an undergraduate quantitative methods core course for business students is developed using a prototyping strategy. Four cycles of development are traced, each comprised analysis, design, implementation, testing, and enhancement. Findings from the study confirm the validity of using the proposed success model for e‐learning success assessment. In addition, an action research methodology is also found to be a valuable impetus for promoting e‐learning success through an iterative process of diagnosing, action planning, action taking, evaluating, and learning.
Competitive and Cooperative Positioning in Supply Chain Logistics Relationships*
Authors: Klein Richard , Rai Arun , Straub Detmar W. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTCooperative logistics relationships require the sharing of information, which must be enabled by the integration of disparate information systems across partners. In this article, we theorize business‐to‐business logistics relationships should be managed using cooperative and competitive postures. Based on data from 91 dyadic relationships using interorganizational information technology (IT), we find that performance gains accrue when parties share strategic information and customize IT; mutual trust enables IT customization and strategic‐information flows and equitable relationship‐specific investments positively impact IT customization, mutual trust, and performance. Among other scholarly and practical implications discussed, partners should compete on resources for IT customization and cooperate to share strategic information. Managers tend to think of relationships with firms as polar opposites and view them as entirely cooperative or entirely competitive. Our results support active balancing and understanding of both competitive and cooperative stances. Such an approach enables conditions for participation symmetry that yields greater performance gains.
Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) perform poorly on and disperse from plants exposed to methyl jasmonate
Authors: Rohwer Charles L. , Erwin John E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractJasmonates are plant hormones involved in wound and defense responses against herbivorous arthropods. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is used experimentally to induce defense responses in plants. In experiments outlined here we utilized a novel preference assay with unwounded plants that allowed us to study the impact of a MeJA spray on subsequent Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) proliferation and preference. Spraying plants with 100 μm MeJA 1 day before infestation caused mites to disperse within 2 days from treated impatiens [Impatiens wallerana Hook f., ‘Super Elfin Pink’ (Balsaminaceae)], pansy [Viola × wittrockiana Gams, ‘Imperial Beaconsfield’ (Violaceae)], and tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L., ‘Big Boy’ (Solanaceae)] plants. In addition, MeJA application reduced mite proliferation rate on impatiens and pansy by 60% (measured 22–34 days after infestation). Proteinase inhibitor (PI) assays suggested that MeJA‐induced PIs alone were not responsible for the observed results in pansy and impatiens but may have been a factor in tomato. Implications of these results in the context of MeJA‐induced resistance responses and possible directions for future research and application are discussed.
Immunological, antioxidative, and morphological response in combined treatment of ofloxacin and Lactobacillus fermentum ME‐3 probiotic in Salmonella Typhimurium murine model
Authors: TRUUSALU KAI , KULLISAAR TIIU , HÜTT PIRJE , MAHLAPUU RIINA , AUNAPUU MARINA , AREND ANDRES , ZILMER MIHKEL , MIKELSAAR RAIK‐HIIO , MIKELSAAR MARIKA 
Published: September 2010

Truusalu K, Kullisaar T, Hütt P, Mahlapuu R, Aunapuu M, Arend A, Zilmer M, Mikelsaar R‐H, Mikelsaar M. Immunological, antioxidative, and morphological response in combined treatment of ofloxacin and Lactobacillus fermentum ME‐3 probiotic in Salmonella Typhimurium murine model. APMIS 2010; 118: 867–72.We aimed to elucidate the immunological (cytokines), biochemical (antioxidative), and patho‐morphological responses in the gut and liver evoked by the addition of Lactobacillus fermentum ME‐3 to ofloxacin (OFX) treatment in an experimental infection model of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. After challenge with S. Typhimurium and treatment according to different schemes, either with OFX and/or addition of L. fermentum ME‐3, the mice were killed. Blood, liver, spleen, and small intestine samples were plated to detect S. Typhimurium and lactobacilli. Histological slides were prepared from the liver and ileum. The cytokines (IL‐10, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α), the glutathione peroxidase and reductase, the glutathione ratio, and the lipid peroxides (LPO) in mucosa of the small intestine and liver were estimated. The addition of L. fermentum ME‐3 to OFX increased the eradication of S. Typhimurium from tested sites because of antagonistic and antioxidative properties, reduced the presence of typhoid nodules in the liver, and decreased the values of LPO. The immunological response included the reduction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines interferon‐γ and tumour necrosis factor‐α and the increase in anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 in the livers of mice without typhoid nodules.
Crystal growth by restorative filling materials
Authors: Endo Kazuhiko , Hashimoto Masanori , Haraguchi Katsuhiro , Ohno Hiroki 
Published: September 2010

Endo K, Hashimoto M, Haraguchi K, Ohno H. Crystal growth by restorative filling materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 489–493. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci This study examined the activity and ability of materials to mineralize teeth in gaps, simulating microleakage between the materials and teeth. Three restorative materials (two glass ionomer cements and a compomer) were used in this study. Cured disks of restoratives were placed over flat human tooth surfaces (enamel and dentin), separated by a standardized 20‐μm interfacial space, and stored in water for 24 h or 1 yr. After the water‐storage period, the materials were detached from the teeth and the opposing surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA).Hemispherical‐shaped precipitations, composed of minute semicircle plate‐like crystals, were observed by SEM on the enamel surface after 1 yr of water storage for glass ionomer cement. The amount of crystal growth with the chemical‐cured type of glass ionomer cement was greater than with the dual‐cured type of glass ionomer cement. However, there was no crystal formation in the compomer. Moreover, no structural changes were observed on dentin surfaces for any material in water after 1 yr. The elements detected in the crystals by EPMA were calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and aluminum (Al). The two glass ionomer cements tested have the ability to induce crystals whose composition might be derived from cured glass ionomers.
The long-term impact of bereavement upon spouse health: a 10-year follow-up
Authors: Jones Michael P. , Bartrop Roger W. , Forcier Lina , Penny Ronald 
Published: September 2010

Jones MP, Bartrop RW, Forcier L, Penny R. The long-term impact of bereavement upon spouse health: a 10-year follow-up.Objectives:This study is the first to examine the effect of bereavement of a first-degree family member on subsequent morbidity over a 10-year follow-up period.Methods:A sample of bereaved subjects (n = 72) were compared with a control group (n = 80) recruited in the same period with respect to morbidity experience during follow-up. Morbidity events were ascertained from the subject themselves, their health care providers and these sources were also compared.Results:Bereavement was associated with an elevated total burden of illness as well as with mental health and circulatory system categories diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases - Clinically Modified (ICD-9) classification system. The elevation ranged from approximately 20% for any illness to 60–100% among circulatory system disorders. Although in an earlier study there was a downregulation of T-cell function in the bereaved during the first 8 weeks, there was no evidence that the bereavement was associated with increased morbidity in the respiratory or immune system ICD-9 categories long-term.Conclusions:Past epidemiological research has indicated that bereavement of a close family member is associated with adverse health consequences of a generalised morbidity. Our study suggests an increase in mental health and circulatory system effects in particular. Further research is required to determine whether other systems are also affected by bereavement.
Functional polymorphism of the myeloperoxidase gene (G-463A) in depressive patients
Authors: Gałecki Piotr , Florkowski Antoni , Bobińska Kinga , Śmigielski Janusz , Bieńkiewicz Małgorzata , Szemraj Janusz 
Published: September 2010

Gałecki P, Florkowski A, Bobińska K, Śmigielski J, Bieńkiewicz M, Szemraj J. Functional polymorphism of the myeloperoxidase gene (G-463A) in depressive patients.Objective:Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme involved in the production of hypochloric acid as well as other reactive oxygen species. This enzyme plays a significant role in inflammatory processes. In view of the observed associations between depression and such inflammatory processes, as well as of the reports that confirm the presence of oxidative stress in depression, this study was designed to assess the correlation, if any, between the single nucleotide polymorphism G-463A of the MPO gene and the risk of recurrent depressive disorders (DD).Methods:The study was carried out in a group of 149 patients with recurrent DD and 149 healthy control subjects. Genotyping was performed by PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:A comparison between healthy controls and depressive patients showed a statistically significant difference in genotype distribution and allele frequency in the studied groups. Genotype distribution and allele frequency did not correlate with clinical variables of the patients.Conclusion:The obtained results of the study allow us to draw a cautious conclusion about the role of the analysed G-463A MPO polymorphism in recurrent DD development, which, however, requires eventual confirmation in further studies.
Bed‐sharing among six‐month‐old infants in western Sweden
Authors: Möllborg P , Wennergren G , Norvenius SG , Alm B 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  In spite of several reports of an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in connection with bed‐sharing, it is not an uncommon practice. The aim of this study was to examine bed‐sharing at 6 months of age and the factors that are associated with bed‐sharing.Methods:  Our cohort comprised 8176 randomly chosen families. At 6 month of age, the families received an invitation to the study, with a questionnaire, which was completed by 5605 families (response rate 68.5%).Results:  Of the families, 19.8% bed‐shared. In the multivariate analysis, we found a correlation between breast‐feeding and bed‐sharing (breast‐feeding at 6 months: OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.56, 2.41). Moreover, we found an association with 3+ nightly awakenings at 6 months (2.70; 2.20, 3.32). It was more common to share a bed if the parent was single (2.04; 1.19, 3.51) and less common if the infant was bottle‐fed in the first week (0.70; 0.54, 0.90). Never using a pacifier was associated with a higher frequency of bed‐sharing.Conclusion:  We found a correlation between breast‐feeding and bed‐sharing as well as between sleeping problems and a single parent. A lower percentage of infants sleeping in the parental bed were seen in association with formula feeding in the first week after birth.
Lamellar body counts on gastric aspirates for prediction of respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Verder H , Ebbesen F , Brandt J , Dahl M , Esberg G , Eschen C , Grytter C , Kroner J , Nørgaard M , Reinholdt J , Stanchev H ,   for the Danish‐Swedish Multicenter Study Group for Surfactant Replacement
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  To develop a rapid method for diagnosing lung maturity at birth with the purpose of administering surfactant early to infants with immature lungs and to spare infants with mature lungs from this treatment.Methods:  Lamellar body counts (LBC) on gastric aspirates from 191 newborns were counted in the platelet window in automatic blood cell counters. A preliminary study was performed on 108 aspirates from 2000 in infants with <32 weeks’ gestation. Furthermore, 83 aspirates from 2004 to 2005 in infants with <30 weeks’ gestation were analysed.Results:  Lamellar bodies in gastric aspirate were identified by electron microscopy. Seventy of the aspirates from 2004 to 2005 were analysed with a Sysmex XE‐2100 (Sysmex, Holbæk, Næstved, Odense and Rigshospitalet, Denmark) counter. Twenty‐four of these infants developed moderate to severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The best cut‐off value was 8000/μL with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 72%. Forty‐four of the 70 aspirates from 2004 to 2005 were analysed by Sysmex, Advia 120 and Cell‐Dyn 4000. Thirteen other aspirates from 2004 to 05 were analysed by Sysmex and Coulter Counter LH755. Using Advia and Coulter the results were similar to Sysmex, but LBC obtained with Cell‐Dyn were not correlated with the development of RDS.Conclusion:  Lamellar body counts on gastric aspirate is a promising tool for prediction of development of RDS in infants of <30 weeks` gestation.
The Prevalence of Childlessness in Cohorts of Older Women
Authors: Rowland D. T. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Objective: To define the immediate causes of childlessness and provide estimates of the percentages of women ‐ in the past and present aged population of Australia ‐ who remained voluntarily or involuntarily childless.Method: The overall prevalence of childlessness in Australian cohorts born since 1851 is estimated as the sum of the effects of never marrying, remaining childless within marriage, and child mortality.Data: The principal data sources were census statistics for various years on marital status and number of children ever born to women. The paper measures childlessness when each birth cohort was aged 45–49; the proportions are expected to be similar at ages 65–69.Results: The proportion of women childless has ranged between 9 and 32 per cent in cohorts born since the 1850s. Married childlessness was predominant among cohorts born between the 1890s and the 1920s, owing to the effects on family building of the two World Wars and the Great Depression.Conclusion: In 1996, cohorts with relatively high levels of childlessness were at advanced ages. Trends in childlessness draw attention to deficits in the family resources of the aged and raise questions about the adequacy of support for vulnerable groups.
Factors Associated with Successful Ageing
Authors: Jorm Anthony F. , Christensen Helen , Henderson A. Scott , Jacomb Patricia A. , Korten Ailsa E. , Mackinnon Andrew 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Objective: To assess the prevalence of successful ageing and the factors associated with it.Method: An epidemiological survey was carried out with 1,045 persons aged 70+ living in Canberra or Queanbeyan. Successful ageing was defined as living in the community without disability, with excellent or good self‐rated health and a high score on a cognitive screening test.Results: The prevalence of successful ageing declined steeply from age 70–74 to age 80+. Men had a higher prevalence than women. In both men and women, successful ageing was associated with higher verbal intelligence. For women there were, in addition, associations with lower neuroticism, not smoking and lower frequency of strenuous activity earlier in life.Conclusions: While the ageing of the population may lead to a higher prevalence of age‐related disease, increasing intelligence test scores in future cohorts of the elderly may lead to countervailing positive effects on successful ageing.
Computers: a Learning System that Increases Interest and Confidence
Authors: Buys Laurie R. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Objective: To investigate the impact of an individualised computer learning system designed for older adults living in residential care.Method: A survey method was used to interview 13 people living in two hostels.Results: The participants increased their interest and confidence in using the computer through weekly participation in the program. Most participants indicated that the individualised learning and hands‐on experience were most helpful in developing their new skills. Physical disabilities and illness did not appear to significantly impact on the amount of computer usage.Conclusions: The conclusions suggest that the findings have relevance for program development.
Australian baby boomers talk about the global financial crisis
Authors: Humpel Nancy , O'Loughlin Kate , Snoke Martin , Kendig Hal 
Published: September 2010

Aim:  The aim of this qualitative study was to explore baby boomers' views and plans in the early days of the global financial crisis (GFC) in 2008.Methods:  Informants from National Seniors Australia were interviewed in 15 focus groups conducted nationally. Transcripts were analysed by themes from semi‐structured questions.Results:  The GFC was found to shake the confidence and plans of boomers. Many workers decided to delay retirement and save longer following losses in superannuation. Those retired on market‐linked superannuation felt forced to reduce expenses and restrain lifestyles. Those on full pensions were relatively unaffected.Conclusion:  The GFC called into question boomers' expectations for retirement. While financial markets are showing signs of recovery, the GFC had precipitated a decision to work longer and to draw conservatively on retirement savings that may take many years to recover. The volatility of financial and employment markets underscores the value of the Age pension.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and its Death Receptor (DR5) in Peyronie’s Disease. A Biomolecular Study of Apoptosis Activation
Authors: Loreto Carla , Barbagli Guido , Djinovic Rados , Vespasiani Giuseppe , Carnazza Maria Luisa , Miano Roberto , Musumeci Giuseppe , Sansalone Salvatore 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder of tunica albuginea (TA), a thick fibrous sheath surrounding the corpora cavernosa of the penis. Relatively, little is known about the disease itself.

Aim
To investigate whether the apoptosis cascade in degenerated and macroscopically deformed TA from men with PD is activated through the extrinsic pathway, by assessing the immunoexpression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptor, DR5.

Methods
TA plaques from 15 men with PD and from four unaffected men were processed for TRAIL and DR5 immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.

Main Outcome Measures
A greater understanding of the pathophysiology of PD through a molecular approach, to gain insights that may lead to novel forms of treatment.

Results
Activation of the apoptosis mechanisms through the extrinsic pathway was demonstrated by TRAIL and DR5 overexpression in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from affected TA.

Conclusion
The finding that apoptosis activation in TA plaques occurs, at least in part, via the extrinsic pathway may help devise novel therapeutic options for these patients.