bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remarques sur l'existence probable de remontées d'eau profonde en mer de Chine méridionale, près des côtes de Luçon
Authors: Pérard Jocelyne 
Published: September 2010

Surface marine observations of Sea Surface Temperatures, Surface Winds, Surface Marine Currents and Satellites data are used to prove the occurence, during the northern hemisphere winter, of a coastal upwelling on the east part of the South China Sea along the western Luzon, Philippines. The study of the sea surface temperatures during two winters (1971-72 and 1972-73) shows that this coastal upwelling seems to be more regular during the last part of December and the whole of January, just after the surges of north-east surface winds — « Winter monsoon » or North Pacific Trade — can be observed over the Philippines. Besides, this phenomenon was particularly strong during the winter of 1971-72.
If this coastal upwelling could be confirmed by a scientific Research Program, it could be used in association with other systems of different scales (the northern Hadley cell and the fo'hn effect leeward of the Luzon Central Cordillera) to produce the winter drought over western Philippines.
Sur la formation et l'évolution des polynies arctiques (archipel canadien et Groenland)
Authors: Simon Thierry 
Published: September 2010

About formation and evolution of Arctic Polynias (Canadian Archipelago
and Greenland).

The writer examines the main data related to the origin of polynyas (places of open water in an ice cover), and gives some examples of evolution in the Canadian Archipelago and off Greenland. The diversity of polynyas is pointed out.
Influence du Kongsfjord sur les températures maximales observées aux alentours de la base française du C.N.R.S. au Spitsberg.
Authors: Joly Daniel 
Published: September 2010

Influence of the Kongsfjord on maximum temperatures near the French camp (Ny Aalesund, Svalbard).

The temperature variation is studied between Ausire and Midre Lovenbreen (glaciers) and the shore, Kongsfjord, Spitsbergen.
The situation has been observed in different weather situations (fine, bad and intermediate weather) and under different winds (northerly and southerly).
The influence of the fjord on the temperatures on the strandflat is especially studied. It may be seen that it is strongest with northerly winds, and smallest with southerly winds. The direction of the wind is thus the main factor to explain the air advection to the strandflat. However, the topography and the microenvironments are also to be considered : they make easier or counteract the air flow from the fjord to the southern parts of the strandflat.
Les marchés de détail en Indre-et-Loire : leur rôle dans l'organisation de l'espace.
Authors: Bachelard Mireille 
Published: September 2010

II se tient chaque semaine à travers l'Indre-et-Loire environ 90 marchés qui représentent plus de 4 000 points de vente. Par l'attraction qu'ils exercent tant sur les vendeurs que sur les acheteurs, ils constituent des pôles économiques et sociaux d'organisation de l'espace.
Dans l'agglomération tourangelle, les marchés à dominante alimentaire constituent un équipement de proximité ; solidement ancrés à un quartier, ils déterminent des aires d'attraction rigoureusement délimitées qui contribuent à la structuration du tissu urbain.
En zone rurale, les marchés implantés dans les chefs-lieux de canton offrent un grand choix d'articles non alimentaires. Remplissant à la fois une fonction complémentaire du commerce local et une fonction sociale éminente, ils maintiennent les contacts ville-campagne et matérialisent des zones d'influence qui comptent parmi les plus stables et les plus vivantes des bourgs et des petites villes.
Classification of Postural Profiles among Mouth-breathing Children by Learning Vector Quantization
Authors: Mancini F. , Sousa F. S. , Hummel A. D. , Falcão A. E. J. , Yi L. C. , Ortolani C. F. , Sigulem D. , Pisa I. T. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBackground: Mouth breathing is a chronic syndrome that may bring about postural changes. Finding characteristic patterns of changes occurring in the complex musculoskeletal system of mouth-breathing children has been a challenge. Learning vector quantization (LVQ) is an artificial neural network model that can be applied for this purpose.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to apply LVQ to determine the characteristic postural profiles shown by mouth-breathing children, in order to further understand abnormal posture among mouth breathers.Methods: Postural training data on 52 children (30 mouth breathers and 22 nose breathers) and postural validation data on 32 children (22 mouth breathers and 10 nose breathers) were used. The performance of LVQ and other classification models was compared in relation to self-organizing maps, back-propagation applied to multilayer perceptrons, Bayesian networks, naive Bayes, J48 decision trees, k*, and k-nearest-neighbor classifiers. Classifier accuracy was assessed by means of leave-one-out cross-validation, area under ROC curve (AUC), and inter-rater agreement (Kappa statistics).Results: By using the LVQ model, five postural profiles for mouth-breathing children could be determined. LVQ showed satisfactory results for mouth-breathing and nose-breathing classification: sensitivity and specificity rates of 0.90 and 0.95, respectively, when using the training dataset, and 0.95 and 0.90, respectively, when using the validation dataset.Conclusions: The five postural profiles for mouth-breathing children suggested by LVQ were incorporated into application software for classifying the severity of mouth breathers’ abnormal posture.
Assessing Frequency Domain Causality in Cardiovascular Time Series with Instantaneous Interactions
Authors: Nollo G. , Faes L. 
Published: September 2010

Summary
Background: The partial directed coherence (PDC) is commonly used to assess in the frequency domain the existence of causal relations between two time series measured in conjunction with a set of other time series. Although the multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) model traditionally used for PDC computation accounts only for lagged effects, instantaneous effects cannot be neglected in the analysis of cardiovascular time series.
Objectives: We propose the utilization of an extended MVAR model for PDC computation, in order to improve the evaluation of frequency domain causality in the presence of zero-lag correlations among multivariate time series.
Methods: A procedure for the identification of a MVAR model combining instantaneous and lagged effects is introduced. The coefficients of the extended model are used to estimate an extended PDC (EPDC). EPDC is compared to the traditional PDC on a simulated MVAR process and on real cardiovascular variability series.
Results: Simulation results evidence that the presence of zero-lag correlations may produce misleading PDC profiles, while the correct causality patterns can be recovered using EPDC. Application on real data leads to spectral causality estimates which are better interpretable in terms of the known cardiovascular physiology using EPDC than PDC.
Conclusions: This study emphasizes the necessity of including instantaneous effects in the MVAR model used for the computation of PDC in the presence of significant zero-lag correlations in multivariate time series.
Use of Logistic Regression for Developing Risk-adjusted Quality Indicators in Nursing
Authors: Renner D. , Fischer B. , Kutschmann M. 
Published: September 2010

Summary
Objectives: A low rate of newly developed pressure ulcers is considered as an important quality indicator in nursing. However, the result of a hospital depends not only on the quality of care but on the risk profile of its patients as well. Therefore, based on multiple logistic regression models we describe a method for calculating risk-adjusted quality indicators in nursing.
Method: Based on data of 1,009,989 patients from 1747 hospitals in 2009, we developed two multiple logistic regression models to identify and to weigh a possible joint influence of several risk factors on newly developed pressure ulcers. In a further step, we calculated risk-adjusted rates.
Results: Factors remaining in the regression models were “micro-movements on admission”, “diabetes mellitus”, “age” and “days on intensive care unit”. Based on the corresponding regression coefficients and the logistic function, the expected rate of newly developed pressure ulcers was calculated for every hospital. Fi nally, expected rates and observed rates both were used to calculate risk-adjusted rates.
Conclusion: The simultaneous consideration of relevant risk factors by means of risk- adjusted quality indicators ensures a fair comparison of hospitals.
Time-varying Methods for Characterizing Nonstationary Dynamics of Physiological Systems
Authors: Selvaraj N. , Lee J. , Chon K. H. 
Published: September 2010

Summary
Background: Accurate and early diagnosis of various diseases and pathological conditions require analysis techniques that can capture time-varying (TV) dynamics. In the pursuit of promising TV signal processing methods applicable to real-time clinical monitoring applications, nonstationary spectral techniques are of great significance.
Objectives: We present two potential practical applications of such techniques in quantifying TV physiological dynamics concealed in photoplethysmography (PPG) signals: early detection of blood-volume loss using a non-parametric approach known as variable frequency complex demodulation (VFCDM), and accurate detection of abrupt changes in respiratory rates using a parametric approach known as combined optimal parameter search and multiple mode particle filtering (COPS-MPF).
Methods: The VFCDM technique has been tested using ear-PPG signals in two study models: mechanically ventilated patients undergoing surgery in operating room settings and spontaneously breathing conscious healthy subjects subjected to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in laboratory settings. Extraction of respiratory rates has been tested using COPS-MPF technique in finger-PPG signals collected from healthy volunteers with abrupt changes in respiratory rate ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 Hz.
Results: VFCDM method showed promise to detect the blood loss noninvasively in mechanical ventilated patients well before blood losses become apparent to the physician. In spontaneously breathing subjects during LBNP experiments, the early detection and quantification of blood loss was possibleat 40% of LBNP tolerance. COPS-MPF showed high accuracy in detecting the constant as well as sudden changes in respiratory rates as compared to other time-invariant methods.
Conclusion: Integration of such robust algorithms into pulse oximeter device may have significant impact in real-time clinical monitoring and point-of-care healthcare settings.
Los/as estudiantes marroquíes en España : migración, retorno y género
Authors: González Barea Eva María 
Published: September 2010

Les étudiants marocains en Espagne : migration, retour et genreLa recherche présentée dans cet article analyse un processus migratoire particulier en même temps qu’elle enrichit la notion peu étudiée de migration étudiante. Elle décrit le déplacement d’étudiants provenant de diverses régions du Maroc pour poursuivre leurs études et acquérir un diplôme dans une université étrangère, ici celle de Grenade, en Espagne. Elle replace cette migration, malgré ses caractères particuliers, dans le phénomène global des migrations contemporaines.L’article s’intéresse en particulier aux diplômés/ées rentrant au Maroc, décrivant à partir de leur propre discours leurs aspirations à contribuer au développement de leur pays et leurs difficultés à se réinsérer dans la société marocaine, tant dans le domaine professionnel que dans la vie familiale et sociale.
«A culture of War and a Culture of Exile»
Authors: Conrad Bettina 
Published: September 2010

During a thirty-years war of independence from Ethiopia (1961-1991) almost a third of the Eritrean population left the country. This article focuses on the encounters of second-generation Eritrean exiles in Germany with their compatriots in Eritrea. The author argues that in spite of the close-knit transnational networks between Eritrea and its sizable diaspora, journeys to Eritrea reveal the gap between a culture of war and a culture of exile. Until Eritrea’s independence in 1991 this gap was obscured by a strong sense of long-distance nationalism and the actual impossibility of home and exile communities coming face to face with each other. The second exile generation being brought up to identify as Eritreans abroad, often experience alienation and even rejection « at home » which forces them to renegotiate their identity and re-construct diasporic organisations and modes of interaction with the homeland. This on-going development may also help to shed light on the more general question of the viability of transnational links beyond the immigrant generation.
Synthesis, Reductive Cleavage, and Cellular Interaction Studies of Biodegradable, Polyglycerol Nanogels
Authors: Steinhilber Dirk , Sisson Adam L. , Mangoldt Dorothea , Welker Pia , Licha Kai , Haag Rainer 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper we describe disulfide containing, polyglycerol nanogels as a new class of biodegradable materials. These nanoparticles are prepared in inverse miniemulsion via an acid catalyzed ring‐opening polyaddition of disulfide containing polyols and polyepoxides. Varying conditions allow us to tune particle size and disulfide content within the polymer network; particles can be prepared with narrow polydispersities and diameters in the range from 25 to 350 nm. Particle degradation under reductive intracellular conditions is studied by various analytical techniques. Gel permeation chromatography indicates that final degradation products have relatively low molecular weights (≤ 5 kDa). In addition, studies in cell culture show these nanoscale materials to be highly biocompatible. Dye‐labelled nanogels are shown by optical microscopy techniques to readily internalize into cells by endocytotic mechanisms. This study highlights the great potential of these particles to function as sophisticated nanotransporters that deliver cargo to a certain tissue or cell target and then biodegrade into smaller fragments which would be cleared from the body by the kidney. (with ≈ 30 kDa molecular weight cut off)
Antimicrobial hydrogels formed by crosslinking polyallylamine with aldaric acid derivatives
Authors: Andrews Mark A. , Figuly Garret D. , Chapman John S. , Hunt Todd W. , Glunt C. Darrel , Rivenbark Jeff A. , Chenault H. Keith 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAqueous dispersions (0.1 wt %) of hydrogels 1 and 5—formed by crosslinking polyallylamine hydrochloride (MW 60,000) with aldaric acid derivatives, diethyl L‐tartrate and N,N′‐bis(methoxycarbonylmethyl)‐D‐glucaramide, respectively—exhibited complete (log 5) kill within 4 h of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans suspended in culture medium. This antimicrobial activity was much higher than that of uncrosslinked polyallylamine (1 wt % killed only 75% of E. coli in 24 h). When dispersed at 10 and 100 ppm, hydrogel 5 displayed complete (log 5) kill of E. coli within 30–60 and 15 min, respectively. Hydrogels 1 and 5 were active against S. aureus and Salmonella choleraesuis dried on hard stainless steel surfaces and accelerated the deaths of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans in a model skin cream formulation. A 0.8% aqueous dispersion of hydrogel 5 was also effective as a hand sanitizer, killing 99.7% of Serratia marcescens on human hands within 5 min. Hydrogels 1 and 5 caused no dermal irritation or allergic contact sensitization under the conditions of a human repeat insult patch test. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Characterization of surface‐modified polyalkanoate films for biomedical applications
Authors: Garrido Leoncio , Jiménez Ignacio , Ellis Gary , Cano Pilar , García‐Martínez Jesús M. , López Laura , de la Peña Enrique 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV) films prepared by solvent casting were treated with oxygen, argon, and nitrogen radiofrequency‐generated plasmas. The analysis by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy of modified surfaces showed an increase of hydroxyl and unsaturated groups, compared with unmodified surfaces. Water contact angles decreased after a short time of exposure (<30 s) for all types of plasma. At long exposure times (>30 s), the water contact angles appeared to be independent of treatment time for nitrogen and argon plasmas, whereas they continuously decreased for films treated with oxygen. HaCaT cultures on nontreated and treated PHBHV films showed that short plasma exposures of 10–20 s improve cell attachment to a greater extent than long exposure times habitually used in polymer surface plasma treatment. The film surface topology did not influence cell attachment. These results illustrate the importance of a detailed characterization of the surface physicochemistry in plasma‐modified substrates designed as part of a strategy to optimize specific cell–biomaterial interactions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and property studies of N‐carboxymethyl chitosan
Authors: Song Qingping , Zhang Ze , Gao Jiangang , Ding Chunmei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractN‐carboxymethyl chitosans (N‐CMC) were synthesized from chitosan in water with chloroacetic acid instead of comparatively expensive glyoxylic acid. The optimal reaction conditions were 90°C and 4 h with a ratio of chloroacetic acid to chitosan 5 : 1(w/w). The degree of substitution of product exceeded 1.32. The N‐carboxymethyl chitosans were characterized by XRD, FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and the water solubility and isoelectric point of N‐CMC with different degrees of substitution were determined. FTIR and 1H‐NMR data has confirmed that the substitution reaction occurred on the amino groups. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Using stimulus control procedures to teach indoor rock climbing to children with autism
Authors: Kaplan‐Reimer Hannah , Sidener Tina M. , Reeve Kenneth F. , Sidener David W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present study evaluated an intervention package for teaching route following to two children with autism at an indoor rock‐climbing gym. The intervention consisted of multiple within‐stimulus fading procedures in combination with errorless learning procedures, positive reinforcement, an error correction procedure, and conditional discrimination training technologies. The results demonstrated that both participants learned to climb at least 10 ft/3 m on specified routes. Furthermore, both participants learned to climb an entire 22‐ft/6.7‐m wall for at least one of three different routes without any errors in a regular rock‐climbing gym setting. The acquisition of this skill provides children with autism with an additional option for leisure participation with others. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A sensitive method for determination of trace amounts of chromate (III) with terbium (III) sodium hexametaphosphate chelate as fluorescent probe
Authors: Chen Hongqi , Chen Jingguo , Wang Lun , Zhou Cailing , Ling Bo , Fu Jie 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBased on the fluorescence quenching of Terbium (III)‐sodium hexametaphosphate (Tb/SHMP) chelates in the presence chromate (III), a sensitive fluorimetric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of chromium (III) in aqueous solutions. Under the optimum conditions, the linear calibration graph was obtained (R = 0.996). The linear range and detection limit of Cr (III) were 7.69 × 10−7 to 1.15 × 10−4 mol L−1 and 4.50 × 10−7 mol L−1, respectively. The proposed method had a wider linear range and was proved to be very sensitive, rapid and simple. The method was applied successfully to the determination of chromium (III) in the synthetic samples and real water samples. Moreover, the reaction mechanism was discussed through the fluorescence lifetime and proved to be dynamic quenching behavior. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of pethidine in human plasma by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Wang Xianqin , Xiang Zheng , Cai Xiaojun , Wu Haiya , Wang Xuebao , Li Junwei , Zhang Meiling 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of pethidine in human plasma was developed and validated over the concentration range of 4–2000 ng/mL. After addition of ketamine as internal standard, liquid–liquid extraction was used to produce a protein‐free extract. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a 100 × 2.1 mm, 5 µm particle, AllureTM PFP propyl column, with 45:40:15 (v/v/v) acetonitrile–methanol–water containing 0.2% formic acid as mobile phase. The MS data acquisition was accomplished by multiple reactions monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization interface. The lower limit of quantification was 4 ng/mL; for inter‐day and intra‐day tests, the precision (RSD) for the entire validation was less than 7%, and the accuracy was within 95.9–106.5%. The method is sensitive and simple, and was successfully applied to analysis of samples of clinical intoxication. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of exenatide
Authors: Bachhav Yogeshwar G. , Kalia Yogeshvar N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe objective was to develop a simple HPLC method to quantify exenatide—a 39 amino acid residue incretin mimetic used in diabetes therapy. To date, only non‐validated, sometimes incomplete, gradient methods have been reported in the literature. Isocratic separation was achieved using a C4 column and a mixed solvent system, A–B–C (48:45:7, v/v/v; pH* 5.2), where A represents KH2PO4 (pH 4.5; 0.1 m) and MeCN (60:40, v/v), B corresponds to NaClO4·H2O (pH 6.0; 0.2 m) and MeCN (60:40, v/v), and C is water. Exenatide eluted at 3.64 min and the total run time was 6 min. The method was specific and the response was accurate, precise and linear from 0.75 to 25 µg/mL. It was used to quantify exenatide transport across intact and laser‐porated porcine skin in vitro as a function of laser fluence [0 (i.e. intact skin), 9 and 15 J/cm2, respectively]. Although no permeation was observed using intact skin, cumulative exenatide permeation after 8 h through laser porated skin was 9.6 ± 6.5 and 12.4 ± 6.4 µg/cm2 at fluences of 9 and 15 J/cm2, respectively. This is the first validated isocratic method for exenatide quantification and it may be of use in quality control analysis and with other biological matrices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of zinc and cadmium dissociation of metallothionein in the presence of chelating agents
Authors: Huang Zhong‐Xian , Hu Hong‐Yu , Gu Wei‐Qiang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe dissociation kinetics of metal ions from native metallothionein (Cd5Zn2‐MT) of rat liver has been studied in the presence of external ligands including amino acids, peptide and polyamino polycarboxylic acids at 25°C. The study shows that the solution pH affects the metal dissociation process. Different ligands present different multiphasic kinetics. The possible mechanism of metal dissociation from metallothionein has been proposed.
Synthesis, crystal and molecular structure of [Na(B15C5)+]2[Hg3Cl8]2‐·H2O
Authors: Tao Ting‐Chao , Ding Kui‐Ling , Wu Yang‐Jie , Zhu Ying 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA crystal complex with the formula [Na(B15C5)+]2 [Hg3Cl8]2‐·H2O was synthesized by the reaction of benzo‐15‐crown‐5 with sodium chloride and mercuric chloride. Its crystal and molecular structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P2/n with cell dimensions of a= 17.809(4) Å, b= 13.938(4) Å, c= 17.984(4) Å, β=107.14°, Z=4, V= 4266.2 Å2. R and Rw are 0.043 and 0.053, respectively. The results obtained by spectral analysis are consistent with those of the structural analysis.