bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal cerebrospinal fluid magnesium ion concentration for vasodilatory effect and duration after intracisternal injection of magnesium sulfate solution in a canine subarachnoid hemorrhage model
Authors: Mori Kentaro , Yamamoto Takuji , Miyazaki Masahiro , Hara Yasukazu , Aiko Yasuhisa , Koike Nobuhiro , Sakamoto Shinsuke , Nakao Yasuaki , Esaki Takanori 
Published: November 2010

Object
The optimal CSF Mg++ concentration for vasodilation of spastic cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and its duration are unknown. The temporal profile of the vasodilatory effect and optimal CSF Mg++ concentration after the intracisternal injection of MgSO4 solution were investigated in an SAH model in canines.

Methods
Cerebral vasospasm was induced by experimental SAH using a 2-hemorrhage model in 26 female beagles. On Day 7, 0.5 ml/kg of 15, 10, 5, or 0 mmol/L MgSO4 in Ringer solution was injected into the cerebellomedullary cistern. Angiography was performed on Day 1 (before SAH) and before and 1, 3, and 6 hours after the intracisternal injection on Day 7 to measure arterial diameters of the basilar artery (BA), superior cerebellar artery (SCA), and vertebral artery (VA). Cerebrospinal fluid Mg++ was also measured at the same time.

Results
Arterial diameters of the BA, SCA, and VA were significantly decreased by vasospasm on Day 7. Arterial diameter ratios (ratio of arterial diameter after MgSO4 injection to diameter before injection on Day 7) of the BA and SCA at 1 and 3 hours after and the VA at 1 hour after intracisternal injection of the MgSO4 solution were positively correlated with the CSF Mg++ concentration. All arterial diameter ratios, except 1 point of the SCA, exceeded 1 if the CSF Mg++ concentration was > 3 mEq/L at 1 hour after injection. Animals with CSF Mg++ concentrations > 3 mEq/L at 1 hour after injection (11 dogs) showed significantly increased arterial diameters of the BA at 1 and 3 hours after and of the SCA and VA at 1, 3, and 6 hours after injection, as compared with the diameters before injection. The CSF Mg++ concentration significantly increased at 1 hour (3.73 ± 0.69 mEq/L, p < 0.01) and 3 hours (2.05 ± 0.35 mEq/L, p < 0.01) after the intracisternal injection as compared with the baseline value (1.41 ± 0.20 mEq/L).

Conclusions
The reversible effect of an intracisternal injection of MgSO4 solution on the spastic artery requires CSF Mg++ concentrations > 3 mEq/L. The vasodilatory effect continues for 3–6 hours after injection. These results suggest that the continuous infusion or intermittent intracisternal injection of MgSO4 is needed to maintain the optimal CSF Mg++ concentration and constantly ameliorate cerebral vasospasm.
Risk Judgment by General Dental Practitioners: Rational but Uninformed
Authors: Ellervall Eva , Brehmer Berndt , Knutsson Kerstin 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundDecisions by dentists to administer antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infectious complications in patients involves professional risk assessment. While recommendations for rational use have been published, several studies have shown that dentists have low adherence to these recommendations.ObjectiveTo examine general dental practitioners’ (GDPs’) assessments of the risk of complications if not administering antibiotic prophylaxis in connection with dental procedures in patients with specific medical conditions.MethodsPostal questionnaires in combination with telephone interviews. Risk assessments were made using visual analogue scales (VAS), where zero represented “insignificant risk” and 100 represented a “very significant risk”.ResultsResponse rate: 51%. The mean risk assessments were higher for GDPs who administered antibiotics (mean = 54, SD = 23, range 26–72 mm on the VAS) than those who did not (mean =14, SD =12, range 7–31 mm) ( P < 0.05). Generally, GDPs made higher risk assessments for patients with medical conditions that are included in recommendations than those with conditions that are not included. Overall, risk assessments were higher for tooth removal than for scaling or root canal treatment, even though the risk assessments should be considered equal for these interventions.ConclusionsGDPs’ risk assessments were rational but uninformed. They administered antibiotics in a manner that was consistent with their risk assessments. Their risk assessments, however, were overestimated. Inaccurate judgments of risk should not be expected to disappear in the presence of new information. To achieve change, clinicians must be motivated to improve behaviour and an evidence-based implementation strategy is required.
3D X‐ray Microtomography Volume Correlation to Study Fatigue Crack Growth
Authors: Limodin Nathalie , Réthoré Julien , Buffière Jean‐Yves , Hild François , Ludwig Wolfgang , Rannou Johann , Roux Stéphane 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGlobal digital volume correlation is used to analyze a series of computed tomography images of a nodular graphite cast iron specimen subjected in situ to a fatigue test. From the obtained displacement field, a specific procedure is implemented to extract stress intensity factors all along the crack front. The proposed methodology allows one to measure key parameters in fatigue crack propagation directly from 3D images.
Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Mg/Mg‐ and Mg/Al‐Joints
Authors: Klag Otmar , Wagner Guntram , Eifler Dietmar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn a mobile world weight reduction is a predominant target of innovative products. In this context appropriate joining techniques are necessary for the integration of lightweight metals in complex mechanical components. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a newly established well suited process to realize high‐quality lightweight metal joints in solid state. In a research project of WKK the friction stir weldability of similar joints using die casted AZ91‐Mg‐alloy and MRI‐Mg‐alloys was investigated. Additionally the joining of hybrid joints between AZ91 and AA5454 aluminum alloy was performed. To describe and optimize the FSW‐process the welding temperatures and welding forces were recorded online during the process. The investigations of the monotonic properties of AZ91/AZ91‐joints and MRI/MRI‐joints yielded in tensile strength values at the level of the parent materials. For dissimilar joints an extreme increase of the nugget hardness was measured. By SEM investigations and EDX element mappings it could be proved that this is caused by intermetallic phases positioned as thin interlayers in the contact area between the Mg‐ and the Al‐alloy. As a consequence, in hybrid joints failures occur predominantly along these interlayers. Finally, for similar and dissimilar welds corrosion experiments in 5 mass% NaCl solution were carried out. The investigations showed that the nugget area was more susceptible to corrosion then the base material. To understand the corrosion behavior the affected areas were analyzed using SEM and EDX.
Genotype–phenotype correlation in DTDST dysplasias: Atelosteogenesis type II and diastrophic dysplasia variant in one family
Authors: Dwyer Ellen , Hyland James , Modaff Peggy , Pauli Richard M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMutations in diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter (DTDST) cause a spectrum of autosomal recessive chondrodysplasias. In decreasing order of severity, they include processes designated as achondrogenesis type IB (ACG‐1B), atelosteogenesis type II (AO2), diastrophic dysplasia (DTD), diastrophic dysplasia variant (DTDv), and recessively inherited multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (rMED). This is the first report of an extended family with unequivocally distinct phenotypes on the DTDST spectrum. Two siblings have DTDv and their first cousin had AO2. They all share the common Finnish mutation (IVS1 + 2C>T). The two patients with DTDv have the previously reported R279W extracellular domain missense mutation. The second mutation in the patient with AO2 is c.172delA, a deletion of one nucleotide causing a previously unreported frameshift mutation. This is the first published case of an individual with a frameshift mutation combined with the Finnish mutation. These three patients provide an opportunity, in concert with a review of previous literature, to further examine the genotype–phenotype correlation of DTDST. Analysis suggests that, while the DTDST family of disorders contains at least seven different conditions, mutations in the DTDST gene, in fact, appear to cause a phenotypic continuum. Furthermore, DTDST genotype alone is an imperfect predictor of clinical severity along this continuum. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening of human LPHN3 for variants with a potential impact on ADHD susceptibility
Authors: Domené Sabina , Stanescu Horia , Wallis Deeann , Tinloy Bradford , Pineda Daniel E. , Kleta Robert , Arcos‐Burgos Mauricio , Roessler Erich , Muenke Maximilian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in childhood, and often has effects detectable into adulthood. Advances in genetic linkage and association analysis have begun to elucidate some of the genetic factors underlying this complex disorder. Recently, we identified LPHN3, a novel ADHD susceptibility gene harbored in 4q, and showed that a LPHN3 common haplotype confers susceptibility to ADHD and predicts effectiveness of stimulant medication. Here we present the mutational analysis of the entire coding region of LPHN3 in a cohort of 139 ADHD subjects and 52 controls from across the USA. We identified 21 variants, of which 14 have been reported and 7 are novel. These include 5 missense, 8 synonymous, and 8 intronic changes. Interestingly, neither susceptibility nor protective haplotype alleles are associated with obviously significant coding region changes, or canonical splice site alterations, suggesting that non‐coding variations determining the quantity and/or quality of LPHN3 isoforms are the likely contributors to this common behavioral disorder. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Untersuchung der Biologie von Naturstoffen: systematische Strukturvariation durch umgelenkte Totalsynthese
Authors: Szpilman Alex M. , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie systematische Modifizierung von Naturstoffen durch umgelenkte Totalsynthese ist ein leistungsfähiges Konzept mit dem Ziel, mechanistische Aspekte biologischer Aktivität zu studieren. Dieses Konzept öffnet die Tür für weitreichende Entdeckungen im Grenzbereich zwischen Biologie und Chemie. Es gründet auf der Leistungsstärke der chemischen Synthese, die sich durch die Fähigkeit auszeichnet, chemische Strukturen nahezu nach Belieben zu modifizieren. In Kombination mit innovativem Design ermöglicht seine Anwendung, einzigartige mechanistische Untersuchungen auszuführen, die entscheidend bei der Differenzierung und Validierung biologischer Hypothesen auf molekularer Ebene sein können. Dieser Aufsatz stellt klassische und aktuelle Fälle zusammen, die die vielversprechenden Perspektiven für den Synthetiker aufzeigen.
Interaction of ethyltrichlorostannane withN,N‐dimethylamides ofO‐ trimethylsilyl‐α‐hydroxyacids
Authors: Gruener Sergey V. , Airapetyan David V. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Shipov Alexander G. , Baukov Yuri I. , Petrosyan Valery S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractReactions of ethyltrichlorostannane withN,N‐dimethylamides of 2‐(trimethylsilyl)glycolic (2a), 2(S)‐lactic [(S)‐2b] and mandelic (2c) acids led to the first representatives of tin(IV)O,O‐monochelates containing the five‐membered SnOCC(O) monoanionic chelate cycles as a result of the substitution of one halogen atom. According to the X‐ray data, in the case of the derivatives of glycolic and mandelic acids, the isolated complexes have dimeric structures {EtCl2Sn[OCH(R)C(O)NMe2]}2[R = H (3a), Ph (3c)] with the bridge oxygen atoms and hexacoordinated tin atoms. By contrast, in the case of the derivative of lactic acid (S)‐2b, the product of the reaction is the cationic–anionic complex 2EtCl2Sn[OCH(Me)C(O)NMe2]·HCl (4), which is the adduct of two molecules of the respective monomeric complex with HCl. In addition,N,N‐dimethylamide ofO‐triethylstannylglycolic acid (5) with tetracoordinated tin is described. To analyze the stability of complex 4, the experimental charge density study and the quantum chemical calculations [PBE0/6‐311G(d,p)] were carried out. Topological analysis of the experimental and calculated electron density distribution functions allowed us to conclude that the strong OH···O bond with pronounced covalent contribution stabilizes the dimeric structure of 4 to a greater extent than the bridged SnCl bonds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Method to Calculate the Volume of Palatine Tonsils
Authors: Prim M.P. , De Diego J.I. , García‐Bermúdez C. , Pérez‐Fernández E. , Hardisson D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to obtain a mathematical formula to calculate the tonsillar volume out of its measurements assessed on surgical specimens. Thirty consecutive surgical specimens of pediatric tonsils were studied. The maximum lengths (“a”), widths (“b”), and depths (“c”) of the dissected specimens were measured in millimeters, and the volume of each tonsil was measured in milliliters. One‐sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the sample. To calculate the reproducibility of the quantitative variables, intraclass correlation coefficients were used. Two formulas with high reproducibility (coefficient R between 0.75 and 1) were obtained: 1) [a*b*c* 0.5236] with R = 0.8688; and 2) [a*b*b* 0.3428] with R = 0.9073. It is possible to calculate the volume of the palatine tonsils in surgical specimens precisely enough based on their three measures, or their two main measures (length and width). Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Tail of Tyrannosaurus: Reassessing the Size and Locomotive Importance of the M. caudofemoralis in Non‐Avian Theropods
Authors: Persons W. Scott , Currie Philip J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUnlike extant birds and mammals, most non‐avian theropods had large muscular tails, with muscle arrangements similar to those of modern reptiles. Examination of ornithomimid and tyrannosaurid tails revealed sequential diagonal scarring on the lateral faces of four or more hemal spines that consistently correlates with the zone of the tail just anterior to the disappearance of the vertebral transverse processes. This sequential scarring is interpreted as the tapering boundary between the insertions of the M. caudofemoralis and the M. ilioischiocaudalis. Digital muscle reconstructions based on measurements of fossil specimens and dissections of modern reptiles showed that the M. caudofemoralis of many non‐avian theropods was exceptionally large. These high caudofemoral mass estimates are consistent with the elevation of the transverse processes of the caudal vertebra above the centrum, which creates an enlarged hypaxial region. Dorsally elevated transverse processes are characteristic of even primitive theropods and suggest that a large M. caudofemoralis is a basal characteristic of the group. In the genus Tyrannosaurus, the mass of the M. caudofemoralis was further increased by dorsoventrally lengthening the hemal arches. The expanded M. caudofemoralis of Tyrannosaurus may have evolved as compensation for the animal's immense size. Because the M. caudofemoralis is the primary hind limb retractor, large M. caudofemoralis masses and the resulting contractile force and torque estimates presented here indicate a sizable investment in locomotive muscle among theropods with a range of body sizes and give new evidence in favor of greater athleticism, in terms of overall cursoriality, balance, and turning agility. Anat Rec,, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Amino Acid‐Derived Chiral Aziridines: an Easy Access tocis‐2,5‐Disubstituted Chiral Piperazines
Authors: Samanta Krishnananda , Panda Gautam 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn efficient four‐step synthetic strategy forcis‐2,5‐disubstituted chiral piperazines derived from amino‐acid‐based aziridines is described. The key steps in this strategy are the highly regioselective boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3⋅OEt2)‐mediated ring‐opening of less‐reactiveN‐Ts chiral aziridines by α‐amino acid methyl ester hydrochloride followed by Mitsunobu cyclization. This protocol has been used in an attempt to construct the piperazine core framework of natural product (+)‐piperazinomycin.
Self‐Assembled Gels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Truong Warren Ty , Su Yingying , Meijer Joris T. , Thordarson Pall , Braet Filip 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNatural and synthetic gel‐like materials have featured heavily in the development of biomaterials for wound healing and other tissue‐engineering purposes. More recently, molecular gels have been designed and tailored for the same purpose. When mixed with, or conjugated to therapeutic drugs or bioactive molecules, these materials hold great promise for treating/curing life‐threatening and degenerative diseases, such as cancer, osteoarthritis, and neural injuries. This focus review explores the latest advances in this field and concentrates on self‐assembled gels formed under aqueous conditions (i.e., self‐assembled hydrogels), and critically compares their performance within different biomedical applications, including three‐dimensional cell‐culture studies, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Although stability and toxicity issues still need to be addressed in more detail, it is clear from the work reviewed here that self‐assembled gels have a bright future as novel biomaterials.
Analysis of an artificially selected GS‐NS0 variant with increased resistance to apoptosis
Authors: Browne Susan M. , Al‐Rubeai Mohamed 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHeterogeneity in gene expression and phenotypic traits is an inherent feature within the “clonal” cell lines used for biopharmaceutical production. This feature can allow the selection of cell lines with improved phenotypes and adaptation to growth under preferential conditions to improve productivity or provide a platform to study the molecular basis of improved characteristics. A repeated process of extended batch culture of a recombinant antibody producing GS‐NS0 myeloma cell line generated a stable variant cell line displaying increased resistance to both environmental stresses and chemical apoptosis inducers, and resulted in extended culture viability and increased antibody production. An interesting feature of the variant cell line was an altered metabolic state with consumption of lactate as the culture progressed. The variant cell line also showed altered expression of proteins associated with autophagy suggesting a role for this process in extending cell survival in culture. Targeted transcriptomic analysis was carried out on the parental and variant cell lines using a qRT‐PCR array containing a panel of apoptosis‐associated genes to elucidate both the predominant apoptotic pathways in the NS0 cell line with batch culture progression, and the altered gene expression contributing to increased survival in the variant line. Results indicated a balance between pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic signaling is triggered with the onset of cell death in the NS0 cell line. Pro‐survival pathways such as NFκB signaling and the unfolded protein response were implicated along with death receptor, endoplasmic reticulum stress and p53 mediated apoptotic pathways. The identification of altered gene expression in the variant cell line also provides several potential targets for cell engineering strategies to create improved cell lines for production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:880–892. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating Factors That Influence Microbial Synthesis Yields by Linear Regression with Numerical and Ordinal Variables
Authors: Colletti Peter F. , Goyal Yogesh , Varman Arul M. , Feng Xueyang , Wu Bing , Tang Yinjie J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the production of chemicals via microbial fermentation, achieving a high yield is one of the most important objectives. We developed a statistical model to analyze influential factors that determine product yield by compiling data obtained from engineered Escherichia coli developed within last 10 years. Using both numerical and ordinal variables (e.g., enzymatic steps, cultivation conditions, and genetic modifications) as input parameters, our model revealed that cultivation modes, nutrient supplementation, and oxygen conditions were the three significant factors for improving product yield. Generally, the model showed that product yield decreases as the number of enzymatic steps in the biosynthesis pathway increases (7–9% loss of yield per enzymatic step). Moreover, overexpression of enzymes or removal of competitive pathways (e.g., knockout) does not necessarily result in an amplification of product yield (P‐value >0.1), possibly because of limited capacity in the biosynthesis pathway to accommodate an increase in flux. The model not only provides general guidelines for metabolic engineering and fermentation processes, but also allows a priori estimation and comparison of product yields under designed cultivation conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:893–901. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzyme identification and development of a whole‐cell biotransformation for asymmetric reduction ofo‐chloroacetophenone
Authors: Kratzer Regina , Pukl Matej , Egger Sigrid , Vogl Michael , Brecker Lothar , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: November 2010

AbstractChiral 1‐(o‐chlorophenyl)‐ethanols are key intermediates in the synthesis of chemotherapeutic substances. Enantioselective reduction ofo‐chloroacetophenone is a preferred method of production but well investigated chemo‐ and biocatalysts for this transformation are currently lacking. Based on the discovery thatCandida tenuisxylose reductase convertso‐chloroacetophenone with useful specificity (kcat/Km = 340 M−1 s−1) and perfectS‐stereoselectivity, we developed whole‐cell catalysts fromEscherichia coliandSaccharomyces cerevisiaeco‐expressing recombinant reductase and a suitable system for recycling of NADH.E. colisurpassedS. cerevisiaesixfold concerning catalytic productivity (3 mmol/g dry cells/h) and total turnover number (1.5 mmol substrate/g dry cells).o‐Chloroacetophenone was unexpectedly “toxic,” and catalyst half‐life times of only 20 min (E. coli) and 30 min (S. cerevisiae) in the presence of 100 mM substrate restricted the time of batch processing to maximally ∼5 h. Systematic reaction optimization was used to enhance the product yield (≤60%) ofE. colicatalyzed conversion of 100 mMo‐chloroacetophenone which was clearly limited by catalyst instability. Supplementation of external NAD+(0.5 mM) to cells permeabilized with polymyxin B sulfate (0.14 mM) resulted in complete conversion providing 98 mMS‐1‐(o‐chlorophenyl)‐ethanol. The strategies considered for optimization of reduction rate should be generally useful, however, especially under process conditions that promote fast loss of catalyst activity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:797–803. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.