bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Materials and Techniques for Enhancing Hydrogen Storage: A Comprehensive Review of Damage Detection and Preventive Strategies
Authors: Sarker Md Nahid , Sakib Ahmed Nazmus , Al-Mobin Md Ismot Hossain , Resnick Philip M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen is a promising alternative energy resource, but an improvement of secure and efficient storage solutions must be developed for its increased use. This review will investigate efforts to improve the storage of hydrogen using Solid-State methods such as Activated Carbon, Carbon Nanotubes, Metal-Organic Framework, and Metal Hydrides in comparison with traditional liquid and gaseous storage methods. Solid-state methods rely on the temporary trapping or chemical bonding of the hydrogen atoms and molecules to reduce the reactivity and explosivity of the hydrogen and improve safety and equipment sustainability. To support the research into storage methods and improve the industrial infostructure for an increase in hydrogen use, several methods for detecting hydrogen are explored, including Acoustic Emissions Testing, Scanning Kelvin Probe Testing, and Digital Image Correlation. Lastly, various preventative measures used to improve the performance of material used in Hydrogen environments are researched, including Laser Shock Peening, Hydrogen Recombination Coatings, Hydrogen Diffusion Barriers, Hydrogen Getter Coating, and Microstructure Testing.
Experimental Analysis of Spur Gear Pair With Geometrical and Operating Parameters
Authors: Raut Achyut S. , Khot S. M. , Salunkhe Vishal G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study presents experimental work to analyze spur gear pair with geometrical and operating parameters. The spur gear pair accommodates the correction in tooth addendum, gear backlash, and linear tip-relief profile modification with three levels. As per Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, nine test spur gear pairs are precisely manufactured to analyze the gear dynamics. Other basic gear design parameters and operating parameters were held at a constant level. Root-mean-square (RMS) acceleration in the vertical direction is used to quantify the dynamic response of test gear pairs. Experimental data are analyzed by using the Taguchi method to investigate the rank of influencing parameters and the optimum level of parameters to minimize vibration response. Gear backlash, compared to tooth addendum and linear tip-relief tooth profile modification, emerges as the most influential parameter. The optimal combination is addendum 3.3 mm, backlash 0.05–0.075 mm, and linear tip-relief tooth profile modification, yielding the lowest vibration generation. Finally, the confirmation test was performed by using a simulation study to validate the experimental results. The RMS acceleration value of the simulation study is 0.070 g, which is approximately the lowest of the experimental response values. Similarly, 20 experiments were conducted with different speed and load combinations to check the effect of operating conditions on gear dynamics. From these experimental studies, it is observed that the rank of influencing parameters and optimum level of geometrical are varied with respect to operating conditions. It may be concluded that operating speed and loading conditions play very important roles in the design of a quiet gear system. The optimized performance of spur gear pairs may vary across different operating conditions. It indicates that typically optimized spur gear pair operated at one particular combination of load and speed may not show good performance at other operating conditions. Therefore, this study suggests that the realistic range of operating conditions should be considered while selecting suitable levels of geometrical parameters.
Relative inhibitory activities of the broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor xeruborbactam in comparison with taniborbactam against metallo-β-lactamases produced in
Escherichia coli
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Le Terrier Christophe , Freire Samanta , Viguier Clément , Findlay Jacqueline , Nordmann Patrice , Poirel Laurent 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Xeruborbactam is a newly developed β-lactamase inhibitor designed for metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). This study assessed the relative inhibitory properties of this novel inhibitor in comparison with another MBL inhibitor, namely taniborbactam (TAN), against a wide range of acquired MBL produced either in
Escherichia coli
or
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. As observed with taniborbactam, the combination of xeruborbactam (XER) with β-lactams, namely, ceftazidime, cefepime and meropenem, led to significantly decreased MIC values for a wide range of B1-type MBL-producing
E. coli
, including most recombinant strains producing NDM, VIM, IMP, GIM-1, and DIM-1 enzymes. Noteworthily, while TAN-based combinations significantly reduced MIC values of β-lactams for MBL-producing
P. aeruginosa
recombinant strains, those with XER were much less effective. We showed that this latter feature was related to the MexAB-OprM efflux pump significantly impacting MIC values when testing XER-based combinations in
P. aeruginosa
. The relative inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
values) were similar for XER and TAN against NDM and VIM enzymes. Noteworthily, XER was effective against NDM-9, NDM-30, VIM-83, and most of IMP enzymes, although those latter enzymes were considered resistant to TAN. However, no significant inhibition was observed with XER against IMP-10, SPM-1, and SIM-1 as well as the representative subclass B2 and B3 enzymes, PFM-1 and AIM-1. The determination of the constant inhibition (
K
i
) of XER revealed a much higher value against IMP-10 than against NDM-1, VIM-2, and IMP-1. Hence, IMP-10 that differs from IMP-1 by a single amino-acid substitution (Val67Phe) can, therefore, be considered resistant to XER.
What makes a temperate phage an effective bacterial weapon?
Authors: Thomas M. J. N. , Brockhurst M. A. , Coyte K. Z. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Temperate bacteriophages (phages) are common features of bacterial genomes and can act as self-amplifying biological weapons, killing susceptible competitors and thus increasing the fitness of their bacterial hosts (lysogens). Despite their prevalence, however, the key characteristics of an effective temperate phage weapon remain unclear. Here, we use systematic mathematical analyses coupled with experimental tests to understand what makes an effective temperate phage weapon. We find that effectiveness is controlled by phage life history traits—in particular, the probability of lysis and induction rate—but that the optimal combination of traits varies with the initial frequency of a lysogen within a population. As a consequence, certain phage weapons can be detrimental when their hosts are rare yet beneficial when their hosts are common, while subtle changes in individual life history traits can completely reverse the impact of an individual phage weapon on lysogen fitness. We confirm key predictions of our model experimentally, using temperate phages isolated from the clinically relevant Liverpool epidemic strain of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Through these experiments, we further demonstrate that nutrient availability can also play a critical role in driving frequency-dependent patterns in phage-mediated competition. Together, these findings highlight the complex and context-dependent nature of temperate phage weapons and the importance of both ecological and evolutionary processes in shaping microbial community dynamics more broadly.

IMPORTANCE
Temperate bacteriophages—viruses that integrate within bacterial DNA—are incredibly common within bacterial genomes and can act as powerful self-amplifying weapons. Bacterial hosts that carry temperate bacteriophages can thus gain a fitness advantage within a given niche by killing competitors. But what makes an effective phage weapon? Here, we first use a simple mathematical model to explore the factors determining bacteriophage weapon utility. Our models suggest that bacteriophage weapons are nuanced and context-dependent; an individual bacteriophage may be beneficial or costly depending upon tiny changes to how it behaves or the bacterial community it inhabits. We then confirm these mathematical predictions experimentally, using phages isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. But, in doing so, we also find that another factor—nutrient availability—plays a key role in shaping bacteriophage-mediated competition. Together, our results provide new insights into how temperate bacteriophages modulate bacterial communities.
Timing and dosage of intrapartum prophylactic penicillin for preventing early-onset group B streptococcal disease: assessing maternal and umbilical cord blood concentration
Authors: Nielsen Stine Yde , Hoffmann-Lücke Elke , Henriksen Tine Brink , Hartvigsen Camilla Mirian , Helmig Rikke Bek , Khalil Mohammed Rohi , Møller Jens Kjølseth , Pedersen Lars Henning , Murra May , Greibe Eva 
Published: May 2024

Objective
Timing of administration of antibiotics and concentrations in maternal blood and the umbilical cord blood are important prerequisites for optimal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) of neonatal early-onset group B streptococcus (GBS) disease. This cohort study aimed to explore penicillin concentrations in mothers and infants at birth in relation to time elapsed from administration to delivery and to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for GBS.

Main outcome measures
Penicillin G concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood in relation to time and dose from administration to time of delivery.

Results
In 44 mother–infant dyads, median maternal penicillin G concentration was 0.2 mg/L (IQR 0–0.8 mg/L; range 0–1.6 mg/L). Median infant penicillin G concentration was 1.2 mg/L (IQR 0.5–5.0 mg/L; range 0–12.7 mg/L). In all infants (N=38) born less than 4 hours after the latest IAP administration, penicillin G concentrations far exceeded MIC (0.125 mg/L), even after short time intervals between IAP administration and birth. The highest plasma concentrations were reached in umbilical cord blood within 1 hour from IAP administration to birth.
For 44 mother–infant dyads, maternal concentrations were very low compared with their infants’; particularly, very high concentrations were seen in the 20 infants with only one dose of IAP.

Conclusion
High concentrations of penicillin G were found in umbilical cord blood of infants born less than 4 hours after IAP administration, well above the MIC for GBS.
METAVISION: a novel system for quantifying metamorphopsia in patients with myopic traction maculopathy
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhao Xiujuan , Huang Xia , Wu Qingxiu , Chen Shida , Li Yonghao , Lian Ping , Lu Lin 
Published: May 2024

PurposeTo develop a novel system for quantifying metamorphopsia in patients with myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) and to explore the metamorphopsia pattern of MTM.DesignObservational, cross-sectional study.MethodsWe designed a new system.ResultsOf the 445 eyes tested, 188 (42.25%) were deemed by patients to have metamorphopsia impacting their daily lives while 257 (57.75%) were considered to have no metamorphopsia symptoms. The Amsler grid, M-CHARTS and METAVISION tests displayed sensitivities for metamorphopsia of 95.74%, 89.89% and 100%, respectively. The specificities of the Amsler grid, M-CHARTS and METAVISION tests are 100%. The metamorphopsia questionnaire and METAVISION scores were highly consistent (average intraclass correlation coefficient=0.951, p<0.001) and strongly correlated (R=0.879, p<0.001). The METAVISION score was highly correlated with the stages of MTM (R=0.837, p<0.001), whereas there was a moderate correlation between the M-CHARTS M-score and the stages of MTM (R=0.679, p<0.001).ConclusionsQuantification of metamorphopsia is important and useful for MTM management. The METAVISION is a clinically applicable and comprehensive approach for quantifying metamorphopsia, which can be used in clinical settings.
The power of Para sport: the effect of performance-focused swimming training on motor function in adolescents with cerebral palsy and high support needs (GMFCS IV) – a single-case experimental design with 30-month follow-up
Authors: Dutia Iain Mayank , Connick Mark , Beckman Emma , Johnston Leanne , Wilson Paula , Macaro Angelo , O'Sullivan Jennifer , Tweedy Sean 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the effect of a performance-focused swimming programme on motor function in previously untrained adolescents with cerebral palsy and high support needs (CPHSN) and to determine whether the motor decline typical of adolescents with CPHSN occurred in these swimmers.MethodsA Multiple-Baseline, Single-Case Experimental Design (MB-SCED) study comprising five phases and a 30-month follow-up was conducted. Participants were two males and one female, all aged 15 years, untrained and with CPHSN. The intervention was a 46-month swimming training programme, focused exclusively on improving performance. Outcomes were swim performance (velocity); training load (rating of perceived exertion min/week; swim distance/week) and Gross Motor Function Measure-66-Item Set (GMFM-66). MB-SCED data were analysed using interrupted time-series simulation analysis. Motor function over 46 months was modelled (generalised additive model) using GMFM-66 scores and compared with a model of predicted motor decline.ResultsImprovements in GMFM-66 scores in response to training were significant (p<0.001), and two periods of training withdrawal each resulted in significant motor decline (p≤0.001). Participant motor function remained above baseline levels for the study duration, and, importantly, participants did not experience the motor decline typical of other adolescents with CPHSN. Weekly training volumes were also commensurate with WHO recommended physical activity levels.ConclusionsResults suggest that adolescents with CPHSN who meet physical activity guidelines through participation in competitive swimming may prevent motor decline. However, this population is clinically complex, and in order to permit safe, effective participation in competitive sport, priority should be placed on the development of programmes delivered by skilled multiprofessional teams.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000326493.
Study protocol for two randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of Cerclage in the reduction of extreme preterm birth and perinatal mortality in twin pregnancies with a short cervix or dilatation: the TWIN Cerclage studies
Authors: van Gils Lissa , de Boer Marjon A , Bosmans Judith , Duijnhoven Ruben , Schoenmakers Sam , Derks Jan B , Prins Jelmer R , Al-Nasiry Salwan , Lutke Holzik Margo , Lopriore Enrico , van Drongelen Joris , Knol Marieke H , van Laar Judith O E H , Jacquemyn Yves , van Holsbeke Caroline , Dehaene Isabelle , Lewi Liesbeth , van der Merwe Hannes , Gyselaers Wilfried , Obermann-Borst Sylvia A , Holthuis Mayella , Mol Ben W , Pajkrt Eva , Oudijk Martijn A 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionTwin pregnancies have a high risk of extreme preterm birth (PTB) at less than 28 weeks of gestation, which is associated with increased risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Currently there is a lack of effective treatments for women with a twin pregnancy and a short cervix or cervical dilatation. A possible effective surgical method to reduce extreme PTB in twin pregnancies with an asymptomatic short cervix or dilatation at midpregnancy is the placement of a vaginal cerclage.Methods and analysisWe designed two multicentre randomised trials involving eight hospitals in the Netherlands (sites in other countries may be added at a later date). Women older than 16 years with a twin pregnancy at <24 weeks of gestation and an asymptomatic short cervix of ≤25 mm or cervical dilatation will be randomly allocated (1:1) to both trials on vaginal cerclage and standard treatment according to the current Dutch Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology guideline (no cerclage). Permuted blocks sized 2 and 4 will be used to minimise the risk of disbalance. The primary outcome measure is PTB of <28 weeks. Analyses will be by intention to treat. The first trial is to demonstrate a risk reduction from 25% to 10% in the short cervix group, for which 194 patients need to be recruited. The second trial is to demonstrate a risk reduction from 80% to 35% in the dilatation group and will recruit 44 women. A cost-effectiveness analysis will be performed from a societal perspective.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committees in the Netherlands on 3/30/2023. Participants will be required to sign an informed consent form. The results will be presented at conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Participants will be informed about the results.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov,NCT05968794.
Interdisciplinary research approach based on a mixed-methods design to explore patient altruism at the end of life: a study protocol
Authors: Bernard Mathieu , Gamondi Claudia , Sterie Anca-Cristina , Larkin Philip J , Jox Ralf J , Borasio Gian Domenico 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIn the end of life context, patients are often seen as somewhat passive recipients of care provided by health professionals and relatives, with little opportunity to be perceived as autonomous and active agents. Since studies show a very high prevalence of altruistic dispositions in palliative care patients, we strive to investigate the concept of patient altruism in a set of six interdisciplinary studies by considering three settings: (1) in the general palliative context—by studying to what extent patient altruism is associated with essential psychological outcomes of palliative care (subproject 1a), how altruism is understood by patients (subproject 1b) and how altruism expressed by patients is experienced by palliative care nurses (subproject 1c); (2) in two concrete decision-making contexts—advance care planning (subproject 2a) and assisted suicide (subproject 2b); and (3) through verbal and non-verbal patient communication in palliative care settings (subproject 3).Methods and analysisSubproject 1a: a cross-sectional study using validated and standardised questionnaires. Subprojects 1b and 1c: a constructivist grounded theory method aiming at developing a novel theory from semistructured interviews in both patients and nurses. Subproject 2a: a thematic analysis based on (1) audio-recordings of advance care planning encounters and (2) follow-up semidirective interviews with patients and their relatives. Subproject 2b: a qualitative study based on thematic analysis of interviews with patients actively pursuing assisted suicide and one of their relatives.Subproject 3: a conversation analysis based on audio and video-recorded interactions in two settings: (1) palliative inpatient unit and (2) advance care planning discussions.Ethics and disseminationThe study project was approved by the Ethics Committees of the Canton of Vaud, Bern and Ticino (no: 2023-00088). In addition to participation in national and international conferences, each project will be the subject of two scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals. Additional publications will be realised according to result triangulation between projects. A symposium opened to professionals, patients and the public will be organised in Switzerland at the end of the project.
Definition of diaphragmatic sleep disordered breathing and clinical meaning in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Trucco Federica , Davies Matthew , Zambon Alberto Andrea , Ridout Deborah , Abel Francois , Muntoni Francesco 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDiaphragmatic sleep disordered breathing (dSDB) has been recently identified as sleep dysfunction secondary to diaphragmatic weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, scoring criteria for the identification of dSDB are missing.This study aimed to define and validate dSDB scoring criteria and to evaluate whether dSDB severity correlates with respiratory progression in DMD.MethodsScoring criteria for diaphragmatic apnoea (dA) and hypopnoeas (dH) have been defined by the authors considering the pattern observed on cardiorespiratory polygraphy (CR) and the dSDB pathophysiology.10 sleep professionals (physiologists, consultants) blinded to each other were involved in a two-round Delphi survey to rate each item of the proposed dSDB criteria (Likert scale 1–5) and to recognise dSDB among other SDB. The scorers’ accuracy was tested against the authors’ panel.Finally, CR previously conducted in DMD in clinical setting were rescored and diaphragmatic Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index (dAHI) was derived. Pulmonary function (forced vital capacity per cent of predicted, FVC%pred), overnight oxygen saturation (SpO2) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcCO2) were correlated with dAHI.ResultsAfter the second round of Delphi, raters deemed each item of dA and dH criteria as relevant as 4 or 5. The agreement with the panel in recognising dSDB was 81%, kappa 0.71, sensitivity 77% and specificity 85%.32 CRs from DMD patients were reviewed. dSDB was previously scored as obstructive. The dAHI negatively correlated with FVC%pred (r=−0.4; p<0.05). The total number of dA correlated with mean overnight tcCO2 (r 0.4; p<0.05).ConclusionsdSDB is a newly defined sleep disorder that correlates with DMD progression. A prospective study to evaluate dSDB as a respiratory measure for DMD in clinical and research settings is planned.
BEB-based models for ionisation cross sections of electron and positron impact with diatomic molecules
Authors: Graves V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The ionising interactions of high-energy particles with molecules have applications in many areas. Despite this, some areas, including positron scattering, lack experimental data due to difficulties in performing experiments. Here, quick and simple methods for computing direct electron and positron impact ionisation cross sections are presented. These calculations, performed using the open-source software RAPID-CS, can provide a complete data set as a first approximation for when experimental, or more detailed computational work is not available. The cross-sectional data set includes the total, partial/fragment-specific, single-differential, average secondary electron energy and stopping power cross sections. The molecules N$$_2$$

2

, O$$_2$$

2

and CO were chosen to study due to the availability of positron scattering data. An overall good agreement with experimental and other computational results is presented.

Graphical abstract
Direct electron (left) and positron right) impact partial ionisation cross sections for N2. Total cross section: red, $$N^{+}_{2}$$

N
2
+

partial cross section: blue, N$$^{+}$$

+

partial cross section: green.electron: solid lines: BEB, experimental measurements by Lindsay and Mangan [36]:Ürosses, Straub et al. [37]: stars, Opel et al. [39]: squares. Positron: solid lines: BEB0, Dashed lines: BEBA, Marler and Surko [23]: red crosses, Bluhme et al. [24]: stars