bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic identity and gender as moderators of the association between discrimination and academic adjustment among Mexican‐origin adolescents
Authors: Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J. , Wong Jessie J. , Gonzales Nancy A. , Dumka Larry E. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTExisting work has identified perceived discrimination as a risk factor that may contribute to the relatively poorer academic outcomes exhibited by Mexican‐origin adolescents in the U.S. The current study examined the longitudinal associations among perceived discrimination and three indices of adolescent adjustment in the school setting (i.e., grade point average, teacher reports of externalizing, adolescents’ deviant peer associations) among 178 Mexican‐origin adolescents (53% female). Ethnic identity affirmation was examined as a protective factor expected to reduce the negative effects of discrimination on adolescents’ adjustment, and gender was examined as a potential moderator of the associations of interest. Findings indicated that the deleterious effects of discrimination on adolescents’ adjustment in school were particularly salient for Mexican‐origin male adolescents. Importantly, ethnic identity affirmation emerged as a protective factor for Mexican‐origin male adolescents by buffering the negative effects of discrimination on their externalizing behaviors in school.
Relative visual saliency differences induce sizable bias in consumer choice
Authors: Milosavljevic Milica , Navalpakkam Vidhya , Koch Christof , Rangel Antonio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractConsumers often need to make very rapid choices among multiple brands (e.g., at a supermarket shelf) that differ both in their reward value (e.g., taste) and in their visual properties (e.g., color and brightness of the packaging). Since the visual properties of stimuli are known to influence visual attention, and attention is known to influence choices, this gives rise to a potential visual saliency bias in choices. We utilize experimental design from visual neuroscience in three real food choice experiments to measure the size of the visual saliency bias and how it changes with decision speed and cognitive load. Our results show that at rapid decision speeds visual saliency influences choices more than preferences do, that the bias increases with cognitive load, and that it is particularly strong when individuals do not have strong preferences among the options.
Effects of kiwifruit extracts on colonic gene and protein expression levels in IL-10 gene-deficient mice
Authors: Edmunds Shelley J. , Roy Nicole C. , Davy Marcus , Cooney Janine M. , Barnett Matthew P. G. , Zhu Shuotun , Park Zaneta , Love Donald R. , Laing William A. 
Published: December 2011

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for conditions characterised by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract involving an inappropriate immune response to commensal micro-organisms in a genetically susceptible host. Previously, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of gold kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) or green kiwifruit (A. deliciosa) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity usingin vitromodels of IBD. The present study examined whether these kiwifruit extracts (KFE) had immune-modulating effectsin vivoagainst inflammatory processes that are known to be increased in patients with IBD. KFE were used as a dietary intervention in IL-10-gene-deficient (Il10− / −) mice (anin vivomodel of IBD) and the C57BL/6J background strain in a 3 × 2 factorial design. While allIl10− / −mice developed significant colonic inflammation compared with C57BL/6J mice, this was not affected by the inclusion of KFE in the diet. These findings are in direct contrast to our previous study where KFE reduced inflammatory signalling in primary cells isolated fromIl10− / −and C57BL/6J mice. Whole-genome gene and protein expression level profiling indicated that KFE influenced immune signalling pathways and metabolic processes within the colonic tissue; however, the effects were subtle. In particular, expression levels across gene sets related to adaptive immune pathways were significantly reduced using three of the four KFE in C57BL/6J mice. The present study highlights the importance of investigating food components identified by cell-based assays with appropriatein vivomodels before making dietary recommendations, as a food that looks promisingin vitromay not be effectivein vivo.
EXPLICIT REPRESENTATIONS OF THE INTEGRAL CONTAINING THE ERROR TERM IN THE DIVISOR PROBLEM II
Authors: FURUYA JUN , TANIGAWA YOSHIO 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn our previous paper [2], we derived an explicit representation of the integral ∫1∞t−θΔ(t)logjtdt by differentiation under the integral sign. Here, j is a fixed natural number, θ is a complex number with 1 < θ ≤ 5/4 and Δ(x) denotes the error term in the Dirichlet divisor problem. In this paper, we shall reconsider the same formula by an alternative approach, which appeals to only the elementary integral formulas concerning the Riemann zeta- and periodic Bernoulli functions. We also study the corresponding formula in the case of the circle problem of Gauss.
First report of a gryporhynchid tapeworm (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from New Zealand and from an eleotrid fish, described from metacestodes andin vitro-grown worms
Authors: Presswell B. , Poulin R. , Randhawa H.S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMetacestodes are often found in the body cavity of the common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianusMcDowall), from freshwater habitats in Otago, New Zealand. Identification of metacestodes relies only on the number, size and shape of the rostellar hooks. To attempt species determination, we cultivated metacestodesin vitrofor up to 23 days, during which they matured to at least the male stage of development, although female organs were not discernable. Identified as members of the genusParadilepisHsü, 1935 (family Gryporhynchidae), these specimens are compared to previously described species, in particularP. minima(Goss, 1940), from Australia, the closest species, both geographically and morphologically. Although the size of scolex, suckers and proglottids differ significantly from those ofP. minima, we are cautious about interpreting ‘adults’ grownin vitro, because we are unsure whether the artificial conditions alter development. For this reason, and because of the lack of female organs, we refrain from erecting a new species, and refer to the specimens asParadilepiscf.minimauntil such time as the adults are found in the definitive host. With this proviso we present here a description of thein vitro-grown worms and the metacestodes as a preliminary study of this cestode. A molecular analysis of small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences, shows the position ofP.cf. minimaand another gryporhynchid,Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus(Wedl, 1855), to be equivocal, but confirms their exclusion from the Dilepididae and Hymenolepididae. This is the first record of a gryporhynchid from New Zealand, and the first from the fish family Eleotridae.
The Impact of Sleep Quality on Cognitive Functioning in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Stavitsky Karina , Neargarder Sandy , Bogdanova Yelena , McNamara Patrick , Cronin-Golomb Alice 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn healthy individuals and those with insomnia, poor sleep quality is associated with decrements in performance on tests of cognition, especially executive function. Sleep disturbances and cognitive deficits are both prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD). Sleep problems occur in over 75% of patients, with sleep fragmentation and decreased sleep efficiency being the most common sleep complaints, but their relation to cognition is unknown. We examined the association between sleep quality and cognition in PD. In 35 non-demented individuals with PD and 18 normal control adults (NC), sleep was measured using 24-hr wrist actigraphy over 7 days. Cognitive domains tested included attention and executive function, memory and psychomotor function. In both groups, poor sleep was associated with worse performance on tests of attention/executive function but not memory or psychomotor function. In the PD group, attention/executive function was predicted by sleep efficiency, whereas memory and psychomotor function were not predicted by sleep quality. Psychomotor and memory function were predicted by motor symptom severity. This study is the first to demonstrate that sleep quality in PD is significantly correlated with cognition and that it differentially impacts attention and executive function, thereby furthering our understanding of the link between sleep and cognition. (JINS, 2012, 18, 108–117)
Accuracy and reliability of self-reported weight and height in the Sister Study
Authors: Lin Cynthia J , DeRoo Lisa A , Jacobs Sara R , Sandler Dale P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy and reliability of self-reported weight and height and identify the factors associated with reporting accuracy.DesignAnalysis of self-reported and measured weight and height from participants in the Sister Study (2003–2009), a nationwide cohort of 50 884 women aged 35–74 years in the USA with a sister with breast cancer.SettingWeight and height were reported via computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) and self-administered questionnaires, and measured by examiners.SubjectsEarly enrolees in the Sister Study. There were 18 639 women available for the accuracy analyses and 13 316 for the reliability analyses.ResultsUsing weighted kappa statistics, comparisons were made between CATI responses and examiner measures to assess accuracy and CATI and questionnaire responses to assess reliability. Polytomous logistic regression evaluated factors associated with over- or under-reporting. Compared with measured values, agreement was 96 % for reported height (±1 inch (±2·5 cm); weighted κ = 0·84) and 67 % for weight (±3 lb (±1·36 kg); weighted κ = 0·92). Obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were more likely than normal-weight women to under-report weight by ≥5 % and underweight women (BMI < 18·5 kg/m2) were more likely to over-report. Among normal-weight and overweight women (18·5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2), weight cycling and lifetime weight difference ≥50 lb (≥22·68 kg) were associated with over-reporting.ConclusionsUS women in the Sister Study were reasonably reliable and accurate in reporting weight and height. Women with normal-range BMI reported most accurately. Overweight and obese women and those with weight fluctuations were less accurate, but even among obese women, few under-reported their weight by >10 %.
Interaction between innate immunity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: Sang Yongming , Rowland Raymond R. R. , Blecha Frank 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInnate immunity provides frontline antiviral protection and bridges adaptive immunity against virus infections. However, viruses can evade innate immune surveillance potentially causing chronic infections that may lead to pandemic diseases. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an example of an animal virus that has developed diverse mechanisms to evade porcine antiviral immune responses. Two decades after its discovery, PRRSV is still one of the most globally devastating viruses threatening the swine industry. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular composition of the mammalian innate antiviral immune system with emphasis on the porcine system. In particular, we focus on the interaction between PRRSV and porcine innate immunity at cellular and molecular levels. Strategies for targeting innate immune components and other host metabolic factors to induce ideal anti-PRRSV protection are also discussed.
North Pacific Gyre Oscillation modulates seasonal timing and ecosystem functioning in the California Current upwelling system
Authors: Chenillat F. , Rivière P. , Capet X. , Di Lorenzo E. , Blanke B. 
Published: December 2011

On interannual and longer time scales, dynamical and biogeochemical fluctuations in the North Pacific are dominated by two modes of variability, namely the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). In this study the regional expression of the NPGO in the California Current System (CCS) is detailed. The statistical relationship between the NPGO index and nearshore wind variability (mostly upwelling favorable) along the U.S. West coast is strongest in the wintertime (December to March) off Central California. Most importantly, NPGO fluctuations are associated with a seasonal shift of 1–2 months in the onset of the upwelling season. Regional numerical simulations show that an early (late) onset of upwelling during the positive (negative) phase of the NPGO leads to a more (less) productive planktonic ecosystem throughout spring and summer, i.e., several months after the direct NPGO effects on the system have ceased. These results bring new light on the California ecosystem variability as observed in atypical years such as 2005 and 2007.
The 8 June 2000 ULF wave activity: A case study
Authors: Piersanti M. , Villante U. , Waters C. , Coco I. 
Published: December 2011

We examine the characteristics of a train of ULF waves observed in the magnetosphere and at ground after the sudden impulse (SI) onset of 8 June 2000. A highly monochromatic and large‐amplitude wave atf =3.3 mHz was observed between 9:10 and 9:50 UT at the GOES8 orbit (on the dawn flank of the magnetosphere) and across a wide longitudinal range of ground stations from low to high latitudes. The combination of the long period of these pulsations (5 min), their extended duration (∼40 min), the latitude‐independent frequency, and the small azimuthal wave number suggests the occurrence of a global magnetospheric mode driven by the sudden enhancements of the solar wind dynamic pressure. The amplitude and cross‐phase analysis of the wave activity on the ground and the polarization pattern indicate that the global mode coupled to the field line resonance (FLR) occurs at different latitudes at different local times. Such FLRs occurred at latitudes smaller than usually observed at the same frequency, suggesting a significant reduction of the local field line eigenfrequencies as compared with usual values. A model estimation (time of flight approximation) of such eigenfrequencies suggests a change in the magnetospheric field geometry characterized by more elongated field lines than those for usual conditions. It was probably caused by the compression of the magnetosphere driven by the pressure pulse coupled with the stable northward orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field.
The frequency and cause of shallow winter mixed layers in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Christensen Michael K. , Pringle James M. 
Published: December 2011

The frequency and cause of shallow winter mixed layers in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) is investigated using hydrographic profiles, Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System (GOMOOS) moorings, and National Center for Environmental Prediction wind data. Historical and recent observations of mixed layer depth reveal distinct spatial variability. Mooring data show that shallow mixed layers often occur and persist through the entire winter in the coastal and eastern GOM. In the interior GOM, however, cast data suggest that deep mixing is more common. Both mooring and cast data show that the presence of shallow wintertime mixed layers throughout the GOM is primarily controlled by salinity increase (not temperature decrease) with depth. Additionally, mooring data indicate that periods of increased stratification are caused by freshening at both 1 and 20 m, with more freshening occurring at the surface (1 m) than at depth (20 m). Comparison of wind stress and stratification at the GOMOOS moorings shows that winter wind events are not responsible for long‐term temporal variability in salinity‐driven stratification.
Stratospheric influence on surface ozone in the Los Angeles area during late spring and early summer of 2010
Authors: Langford A. O. , Brioude J. , Cooper O. R. , Senff C. J. , Alvarez R. J. , Hardesty R. M. , Johnson B. J. , Oltmans S. J. 
Published: December 2011

The influence of stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport (STT) on surface ozone (O3) concentrations in the greater Los Angeles area during the CalNex and IONS‐2010 measurement campaigns has been investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) of surface O3measurements from 41 sampling stations indicates that ∼13% of the variance in the maximum daily 8‐h average (MDA8) O3between May 10 and June 19, 2010 was associated with changes of 2–3 day duration linked to the passage of upper‐level troughs. Ozonesondes launched from Joshua Tree National Park and airborne lidar measurements show that these changes coincided with the appearance of stratospheric intrusions in the lower troposphere above southern California. The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART reproduces most of these intrusions, and supports the conclusion from the PCA that significant transport of stratospheric air to the surface occurred on May 28–30. This intrusion led to a peak 1‐h O3 concentration of 88 ppbv at Joshua Tree National Monument near the ozonesonde launch site on May 28, and widespread entrainment of stratospheric air into the boundary layer increased the local background O3 over the entire area to ∼55 ppbv on May 29–30. This background was 10–15 ppbv higher than the baseline O3 in air transported ashore from the Pacific Ocean, and when combined with locally produced O3 led to several exceedances of the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) on the following day.
Telomerase activity in response to mild oxidative stress
Authors: López‐Diazguerrero Norma Edith , Pérez‐Figueroa Gloria Erandi , Martínez‐Garduño Cintia Mayel , Alarcón‐Aguilar Adriana , Luna‐López Armando , Gutiérrez‐Ruiz María Concepción , Königsberg Mina 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe have analysed telomerase activity to determine whether it can be modified when BCL‐2 is endogenously overexpressed in response to a mild oxidative stress treatment as part of a survival mechanism, in contrast with an exogenous bcl‐2 overexpression due to a retroviral infection. Endogenous bcl‐2 overexpression was induced after a low oxidative insult of H2O2 in mice primary lung fibroblasts and L929 cell, whereas bcl‐2 exogenous overexpression was performed using a retroviral infection in L929 cells. Telomerase activity was quantified in Bcl‐2 overexpressing cells by the TRAP assay. When the cells were treated with different H2O2 concentrations, only those exposed to 50 μM showed increased telomerase activity. This correlates with BCL‐2 expression as part of the endogenous response to mild oxidative stress. Oxidative stress generated during the toxic mechanism of chemotherapeutic drugs might induce BCL‐2 increment, enhancing telomerase activity and reactivating the oncogenic process. Clinical trials should take into consideration the possibility of telomerase activation following increased BCL‐2 expression when treating patients with ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation by anti‐cancer drugs.
Lack of association of the ACE genotype with the muscle strength response to resistance training
Authors: Gentil Paulo , Lima Ricardo M. , Pereira Rinaldo Wellerson , Mourot Julia , Leite Tailce Kaley , Bottaro Martim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Previous studies have attempted to link the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) gene with the variability in muscle strength responses to resistance training (RT); however, the literature is inconclusive. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between the ACE I/D genotype and muscle strength response to a RT program in young men.Methods: 124 men (22±2.6 years; 174.8±6.5cm; 71.5±13.8 kg) without resistance training experience were tested before and after 11 weeks of five whole‐body RT exercises (bench press, seated row, knee extension, knee flexion and sit ups). The bench press 1RM test was used to assess upper‐body muscle strength and the isokinetic knee extensor peak torque (PT) was used as a measure of lower‐body strength.Results: At baseline, there were no differences among ACE genotype for 1RM load (54±11.7 kg for II, 58.5±8.9 kg for ID and 52.3±12.2 kg for DD) or knee extensor peak torque (PT) (220.1±36.8 N·m for II, 209.4 ±44.4 N·m for ID and 199.7±32.4 N·m for DD). Moreover, ACE genotype was not associated with lower‐body (7.1±10.5%, 15.7±10.4% and 14.1±22.7% for II, ID and DD, respectively) or upper‐body strength gains (16.2±8.9%, 14.5±11.3% and 21.9±17.1% for II, ID and DD, respectively) in response to RT.Conclusion: The ACE I/D genotype was not associated with the muscle strength responses to RT.
Evaluation of mean power spectral frequency of EMG signal during 100 metre crawl
Authors: Stirn Igor , Jarm Tomaz , Kapus Venceslav Peter , Strojnik Vojko 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe aim of our study was to compare mean frequency (MNF) decrease in some upper body muscles during a 100‐metre all‐out crawl by using two different normalization methods: firstly, when MNF at the end of swimming (MNFSend) was normalized with respect to its initial value at the beginning and expressed with a fatigue index (FI) labelled FIstart, and secondly when MNFmin was used to calculate FImin. MNFmin presented the lowest MNF obtained during isometric contractions until exhaustion executed on land after swimming for each of three observed muscles – triceps brachii (TB), latissimus dorsi (LD) and pectoralis major (PM). Eleven experienced swimmers participated in the study and surface electromyography (EMG) signals from TB, the upper and lower parts of LD (LD1 and LD2 respectively) and the upper and lower parts of PM (PM1 and PM2 respectively) were recorded during both swimming and isometric contractions. Results showed no differences in FIstart; however, when FImin values were compared differences between the muscles were found (P<0.05). The triceps brachii (TB) and the upper part of the latissimus dorsi muscles (LD1) showed the lowest FImin (40.0±15.7 and 40.7±24.4 respectively), which implied that MNFSend obtained from these muscles most closely approached their respective MNFmin values during swimming. This might suggest that these muscles fatigued more than other observed muscles. The use of a different type of muscle contraction for calculating FImin (isometric versus dynamic) might represent a drawback to our study, but this approach could be acceptable when between‐muscle comparisons are made.