bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot‐assisted partial and total splenectomy
Authors: Giulianotti Pier C. , Buchs Nicolas C. , Addeo Pietro , Ayloo Subhashini , Bianco Francesco M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe interest of robotics in performing partial and total splenectomy is poorly reported so far. We report herein our experience.MethodsFrom November 2001 to November 2009, 24 consecutive robotic splenectomies were performed by the same surgeon. All data were prospectively collected and reviewed retrospectively.ResultsTwelve men and 12 women with a median age of 48 years underwent a robotic splenectomy, three of which were partial splenectomies. The indications were: ABO incompatibility for kidney transplantation (n = 7), haematological disease (n = 7) and miscellaneous pathologies (n = 10). Mean operative time was 199 ± 65 min. Median blood loss was 75 (range 5–300) ml. There was one intraoperative complication and two conversions. The postoperative morbidity was 8.3% with no mortality. Median hospital stay was 5.5 days.ConclusionsThis series reports the safety and feasibility of robotic partial and total splenectomy. Its use as an alternative to the standard laparoscopic approach is particularly beneficial in more challenging cases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Procedure rework: a dynamic process with implications for the “rework cycle” and “disaster dynamics”
Authors: Owens Brandon D. , Leveson Nancy G. , Hoffman Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractArchetypal dynamic structures link the behaviors of the diverse systems of interest to system dynamics modelers. In this article, dynamic behaviors of Procedure Rework processes—used in system operations to update procedures as they are invalidated by changes in the system state and its environment—are linked to two archetypal structures: the “rework cycle” and “disaster dynamics”. A case study focused on procedure rework in Space Shuttle Mission Control and involving the development of simulation models of procedure rework calibrated with data from five Space Shuttle missions is presented. A detrimental effect in the process—the rework propagation end‐of‐mission effect—is identified and linked to three general aspects of rework (rework time horizons, propagation of rework beyond the time horizons, and events forcing timely completion of all remaining rework) that may be improved upon in this and other rework processes. Furthermore, the effect's causes are characterized as examples of endogenous causal mechanisms for disaster dynamics. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society.
Deformability design of high‐performance concrete beams
Authors: Ho Johnny Ching Ming 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe use of high‐performance materials (HPMs) such as high‐strength concrete (HSC) and high‐strength steel (HSS) is becoming more popular in the construction of beams and columns of tall buildings. These HPMs not only increase the stiffness and decrease the strength‐to‐weight ratio, but also provide a more sustainable construction method by minimising the construction materials needed. However, HSC and HSS are more brittle than normal‐strength concrete and steel, respectively. Therefore, it will adversely affect the deformability of concrete beams. To evaluate the pros and cons of adopting HPM in beam design, the author will investigate the flexural strength and deformability of concrete beams made of HPMs. The deformability in this study is expressed in normalised rotation capacity and investigated by a parametric study using nonlinear moment–curvature analysis taking into account the degree of reinforcement, confining pressure, concrete and steel yield strength. From the results, it is evident that the deformability of concrete beams increases as the degree of reinforcement decreases or confining pressure increases. However, the effects of concrete and steel yield strength depend on other factors. For practical design purpose, charts and formulas are produced for designing high‐performance concrete beams to meet with specified flexural strength and deformability requirement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Riboswitch structure in the ligand‐free state
Authors: Liberman Joseph A. , Wedekind Joseph E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMolecular investigations of riboswitches bound to small‐molecule effectors have produced a wealth of information on how these molecules achieve high affinity and specificity for a target ligand. X‐ray crystal structures have been determined for the ligand‐free state for representatives of the preQ1‐I, S‐adenosylmethionine I, lysine, and glycine aptamer classes. These structures in conjunction with complimentary techniques, such as in‐line probing, NMR spectroscopy, Förster resonance energy transfer, small‐angle scattering, and computational simulations, have demonstrated that riboswitches adopt multiple conformations in the absence of ligand. Despite a number of investigations that support ligand‐dependent folding, mounting evidence suggests that free‐state riboswitches interact with their effectors in the sub‐populations of largely prefolded states as embodied by the principle of conformational selection, which has been documented extensively for protein‐mediated ligand interactions. Fundamental riboswitch investigations of the bound and free states have advanced our understanding of RNA folding, ligand recognition, and how these factors culminate in communication between an aptamer and its expression platform. An understanding of these topics is essential to comprehend riboswitch gene regulation at the molecular level, which has already provided a basis to understand the mechanism of action of natural antimicrobials. WIREs RNA 2012, 3:369–384. doi: 10.1002/wrna.114.This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Riboswitches
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule–RNA Interactions
NOTE ABOUT LINDELÖF Σ-SPACES υX
Authors: KA̧KOL J. , LÓPEZ-PELLICER M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe paper deals with the following problem: characterize Tichonov spaces X whose realcompactification υX is a Lindelöf Σ-space. There are many situations (both in topology and functional analysis) where Lindelöf Σ (even K-analytic) spaces υX appear. For example, if E is a locally convex space in the class 𝔊 in sense of Cascales and Orihuela (𝔊 includes among others (LM ) -spaces and (DF ) -spaces), then υ(E′,σ(E′,E)) is K-analytic and E is web-bounded. This provides a general fact (due to Cascales–Kakol–Saxon): if E∈𝔊, then σ(E′,E) is K-analytic if and only if σ(E′,E) is Lindelöf. We prove a corresponding result for spaces Cp (X) of continuous real-valued maps on X endowed with the pointwise topology: υX is a Lindelöf Σ-space if and only if X is strongly web-bounding if and only if Cp (X) is web-bounded. Hence the weak* dual of Cp (X) is a Lindelöf Σ-space if and only if Cp (X) is web-bounded and has countable tightness. Applications are provided. For example, every E∈𝔊 is covered by a family {Aα :α∈Ω} of bounded sets for some nonempty set Ω⊂ℕℕ.
The History of Canadian Immunity from Seizure Legislation
Authors: Getz Daniel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPerhaps surprisingly, a number of Canadian jurisdictions have been at the cutting edge of legal exemptions from seizure or attachment processes for artworks on loan. Starting with the curious case of Hermitage treasures displayed in Winnipeg in the mid-1970s and using other intriguing examples, this article traces the historical origins of Canadian legislation with particular regard to the international context. The current state of the law in Canada is summarized and compared to that of other international jurisdictions.
AN ATOMIC DECOMPOSITION FOR HARDY SPACES ASSOCIATED TO SCHRÖDINGER OPERATORS
Authors: SONG LIANG , TAN CHAOQIANG , YAN LIXIN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLetL=−Δ+Vbe a Schrödinger operator on ℝnwhereVis a nonnegative function in the spaceL1loc(ℝn) of locally integrable functions on ℝn. In this paper we provide an atomic decomposition for the Hardy spaceH1L(ℝn) associated toLin terms of the maximal function characterization. We then adapt our argument to give an atomic decomposition for the Hardy spaceH1L(ℝn×ℝn) on product domains.
Structural Responses of Surfac-Mounted Piezoelectric Curved Beams
Authors: Wang R.-T. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe formulation of one Timoshenko curved beam on which a pair of piezoelectric segments bonded is presented. The analytical-transfer matrix method is adopted to study structural responses of the surface-mounted actuation curved beam induced by an external force at the tip of the beam and by an applied voltage on the actuator. The effects of length, location and thickness of the piezoelectric pair on the structural responses of the entire curved beam are investigated.
Numerical Study of Mach Reflection and Detonation by Using a Second-Order CE/SE Method
Authors: Zhang Deliang , Liang S.-M. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTAn improved method of space-time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) is developed to solve the equations of conservation laws in fluid dynamics. The present method substantially differs in both concept and methodology from the traditional CE/SE method. In this paper the improved second-order CE/SE method is presented in a hexahedral grid. Furthermore, the present CE/SE method was successfully applied to solve the interaction problem of shock waves and detonation. Several numerical examples were also given. Numerical results have compared with the results of experiments and other computational methods. The compared results have shown a good agreement. The improved CE/SE method has higher accuracy and becomes a more prospective scheme.
On the Efficiency of Analyzing 3D Anisotropic, Transversely Isotropic, and Isotropic Bodies in BEM
Authors: Shiah Y. C. , Sun W. X. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTDue to a lack of closed-form solutions for three dimensional anisotropic bodies, the computational burden of evaluating the fundamental solutions in the boundary element method (BEM) has been a research focus over the years. In engineering practice, transversely isotropic material has gained popularity in the use of composites. As a degenerate case of the generally anisotropic material, transverse isotropy still needs to be treated separately to ease the computations. This paper aims to investigate the computational efficiency of the BEM implementations for 3D anisotropic, transversely isotropic, and isotropic bodies. For evaluating the fundamental solutions of 3D anisotropy, the explicit formulations reported in [1,2] are implemented. For treating transversely isotropic materials, numerous closed form solutions have been reported in the literature. For the present study, the formulations presented by Pan and Chou [3] are particularly employed. At the end, a numerical example is presented to compare the computational efficiency of the three cases and to demonstrate how the CPU time varies with the number of meshes.
Estimated carboxylic acid ester hydrolysis rate constants for food and beverage aroma compounds
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAroma compounds in the Flavornet database were screened for potentially hydrolyzable carboxylic acid ester functionalities. Of the 738 aroma compounds listed in this database, 140 molecules contain carboxylic acid ester groups that may be amenable to hydrolysis in various food and beverage products. Acid- (k~A~) and base- (k~B~) catalyzed and neutral (k~N~) hydrolysis rate constants in pure water at 25°C were estimated for these aroma compounds. Where available, good agreement between theoretical and experimental hydrolytic half-lives was obtained at various pH values. Wide ranges and broad frequency distributions for k~A~, k~B~, and k~N~ are expected among the various hydrolyzable aroma compounds, with estimated k~A~ ranging from 3.7 × 10^-8^ to 4.7 × 10^-4^ M^-1^ s^-1^, estimated k~B~ ranging from 4.3 × 10^-4^ to 43 M^-1^ s^-1^, and estimated k~N~ ranging from 4.2 × 10^-17^ to 7.6 × 10^-9^ M^-1^ s^-1^. The resulting hydrolytic half-lives also range widely, from 10 days to 370 years at pH 2.8, 18 days to 4,900 years at pH 4.0, 1.8 days to 470 years at pH 7.0, and 26 minutes to 5.1 years at pH 9.0. The findings presented herein attest to the importance of considering abiotic hydrolysis and matrix pH when modeling the evolution of sensory characteristics for foods and beverages with carboxylic acid ester based aroma compounds.
Marine spatial planning: achieving and evaluating integration
Authors: Portman Michelle E. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Portman, M. E. 2011. Marine spatial planning: achieving and evaluating integration. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2191–2200. Coastal states and nations are conducting marine spatial planning (MSP) at an ever-increasing pace. Some MSP efforts are aimed at planning areas at a subnational level, whereas others extend as far as 200 nautical miles from shore, within national exclusive economic zones. For planning of all types, but especially for planning in the marine realm, integration has become a sought-after norm now that traditional sectoral, single-issue management has not succeeded. Fisheries collapse, threats to marine biodiversity, and global climate change all support the case for greater integration in marine resource management and policy. The designation of boundaries can be related to the level of cross-sector and cross-jurisdictional integration achieved by MSP. The importance of scale and scope for MSP initiatives is examined, relating these aspects of plans and/or programmes to the levels of integration achieved, and a framework is suggested for evaluation. MSP initiatives in Portugal, the UK, and the USA serve as potential case studies for use of the framework.
Transcriptome Response to Embolism Formation in Stems of Populus trichocarpa Provides Insight into Signaling and the Biology of Refilling
Authors: Secchi Francesca , Gilbert Matthew E. , Zwieniecki Maciej A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The mechanism of embolism repair in transpiring plants is still not understood, despite significant scientific effort. The refilling process is crucial to maintaining stem transport capacity and ensuring survival for plants experiencing dynamic changes in water stress. Refilling air-filled xylem vessels requires an energy and water source that can only be provided by adjacent living parenchyma cells. Here, we report an analysis of the transcriptome response of xylem parenchyma cells after embolism formation in Populus trichocarpa trees. Genes encoding aquaporins, ion transporters, and carbohydrate metabolic pathways were up-regulated, and there was a significant reduction in the expression of genes responding to oxidative stress. Thus, a novel view of the plant response to embolism emerges that suggests a role for oxygen in embolized vessels as a signal triggering xylem refilling and for the activity of cation transport as having a significant role in the generation of the energy gradient necessary to heal embolized vessels. These findings redefine current hypotheses surrounding the refilling phenomenon and provide insight into the complexity of the biological response to the seemingly simple physical event of xylem embolism formation.
Case of insulin edema occurring during intensive insulin therapy after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: SUGIYAMA Akiko , TAKEUCHI Satoshi , FUKAGAWA Shuji , MOROI Yoichi , YOSHIMOTO Goichi , MIYAMOTO Toshihiro , AKASHI Koichi , FURUE Masutaka 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA 50‐year‐old female patient, who had had a long‐term history of myelodysplastic syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus, had developed acute myelogenous leukemia and received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). She was being treated with tacrolimus, methotrexate and prednisolone for prophylaxis and treatment of graft‐versus‐host disease, and with intensive insulin therapy for better glycemic control. The patient suddenly developed marked leg edema at 27 days after starting intensive insulin therapy (on day 40 after BMT) without coexistence or exacerbation of apparent causes such as renal failure, cardiac dysfunction or leg thrombosis around the onset of leg edema. Interestingly, the leg edema regressed soon after daytime hyperglycemia and intensive insulin therapy were performed. Histopathological examination revealed slight dermal edema and small bullae with little inflammatory infiltration but no signs of autoimmune blistering diseases or vasculitis. These findings indicate that the present case may be considered a form of so‐called insulin edema occurring during intensive insulin therapy after BMT.
The glycine reuptake inhibitor Org24598 and acamprosate reduce ethanol intake in the rat; tolerance development to acamprosate but not to Org24598
Authors: Lidö Helga H. , Marston Hugh , Ericson Mia , Söderpalm Bo 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTExtracellular glycine modulates accumbal dopamine levels as well as ethanol‐induced dopamine overflow. Glycine availability is also crucial for regulating alcohol consumption and the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT‐1) inhibitor Org25935 robustly decreases alcohol intake in rats. To explore whether the alcohol‐intake reducing effect of Org25935 is substance bound, we examined the effect of a different selective GlyT‐1 inhibitor, Org24598, on ethanol consumption in rats and compared the effect with that of acamprosate, a drug currently in clinical use. We studied the effects of daily Org24598 and acamprosate injections on male Wistar rats with ∼60% ethanol preference in a limited access two bottle free‐choice model for 12 days, followed by alcohol deprivation for 14 days before a second test period of 10 days. Finally, rats underwent in vivo microdialysis where dopamine, glycine, taurine and β‐alanine in n. accumbens were measured. Org24598 profoundly reduced ethanol intake and the effect remained throughout both treatment periods. Acamprosate promptly reduced ethanol intake, but on the third day tolerance developed to this effect and acamprosate failed to influence alcohol consumption during the second test period. Neither Org24598 nor acamprosate reduced water intake. Following the drinking study, the Org24598 group displayed higher basal accumbal dopamine levels compared with acamprosate and vehicle groups. Both Org24598 and acamprosate reduced the ethanol‐induced dopamine response in n. accumbens. The study demonstrates a robust anti‐alcohol intake effect of the GlyT‐1 inhibitor Org24598, supporting the new concept that GlyT‐1 inhibition reduces ethanol consumption. GlyT‐1 inhibition may represent a new treatment principle for alcoholism that is superior to acamprosate.
Analgesia and sedation of mechanically ventilated patients – a national survey of clinical practice
Authors: WØIEN H. , STUBHAUG A. , BJØRK I. T. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundThe importance of balanced sedation and pain treatment in intensive care units (ICUs) is evident, but regimes and use of medication differ widely. Previous surveys have focused on the use of various medications and regimes. What has not been explored is the process by which nurses and physicians assess patients’ needs and work together toward a defined level of sedation and pain for the ICU patient. The purpose of the study was to determine the use of protocols and medications for sedation and analgesia in Norwegian ICUs and the degree of cooperation between nurses and physicians in using them.MethodsA national survey was conducted in autumn 2007, using postal self‐administered questionnaires.ResultsWritten pain treatment and sedation protocols were not routinely used in Norwegian ICUs; however, half of the departments titrated sedation according to a scoring system, most commonly the Motor Activity Assessment Score. The most commonly used sedatives were propofol and midazolam, while fentanyl and morphine were the most used analgesics. The majority of respondents were concerned about the side effects of sedation and analgesics, leading to circulatory instability and delayed awakening. Nurses and physicians agreed upon the main indications for sedation: patient tolerance for ventilation, tolerance for medical and nursing interventions, and patient symptoms.ConclusionsPotential factors which may improve sedation and pain management of mechanically ventilated patients in Norwegian ICUs are more systematic assessments of pain and sedation, and the use of written protocols. Strategies which reduce side effects should be addressed.
Population structure of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex according to multilocus sequence typing
Authors: Laukkanen‐Ninios Riikka , Didelot Xavier , Jolley Keith A. , Morelli Giovanna , Sangal Vartul , Kristo Paula , Brehony Carina , Imori Priscilla F. M. , Fukushima Hiroshi , Siitonen Anja , Tseneva Galina , Voskressenskaya Ekaterina , Falcao Juliana P. , Korkeala Hannu , Maiden Martin C. J. , Mazzoni Camila , Carniel Elisabeth , Skurnik Mikael , Achtman Mark 
Published: September 2011

SummaryMultilocus sequence analysis of 417 strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis revealed that it is a complex of four populations, three of which have been previously assigned species status [Y. pseudotuberculosis sensu stricto (s.s.), Yersinia pestis and Yersinia similis] and a fourth population, which we refer to as the Korean group, which may be in the process of speciation. We detected clear signs of recombination within Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s. as well as imports from Y. similis and the Korean group. The sources of genetic diversification within Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s. were approximately equally divided between recombination and mutation, whereas recombination has not yet been demonstrated in Y. pestis, which is also much more genetically monomorphic than is Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s. Most Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s. belong to a diffuse group of sequence types lacking clear population structure, although this species contains a melibiose‐negative clade that is present globally in domesticated animals. Yersinia  similis corresponds to the previously identified Y. pseudotuberculosis genetic type G4, which is probably not pathogenic because it lacks the virulence factors that are typical for Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s. In contrast, Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s., the Korean group and Y. pestis can all cause disease in humans.