bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of forest management on pre- and post-fledging productivity of a Neotropical migratory songbird in a highly fragmented landscape
Authors: Eng Margaret L. , Stutchbury Bridget J. M. , Burke Dawn M. , Elliott Ken A. 
Published: October 2011

Little is known about the effects of forest management on fledgling survival in birds, despite the fact that this is a key determinant of overall productivity. In 2005–2006, we compared male density, nesting success, and fledgling survival of Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina Boddaert, 1783) among forest fragments that were reference sites (n = 3; not logged in >21 years) or had received either a standard selection system harvest (n = 3) or a heavy cut (n = 5) within the past 6–10 years. Density tended to be higher in logged sites than reference sites, but cumulative probability of nest survival (0.22 ± 0.02; 21 days) did not differ among treatments. Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783)) parasitism was significantly higher in recently logged sites, and reference sites produced significantly more Hooded Warbler young per successful nest than standard selection harvest sites. Logging treatment did not have a strong negative effect on fledgling survival, and overall, 51% (33/65) of fledglings survived until three weeks after fledging. Standard selection harvest sites had the highest Hooded Warbler density (0.2 males/ha) but also the lowest seasonal productivity (0.84 independent fledglings/female), raising the possibility of an ecological trap. The estimated number of daughters produced per female per year that are expected to survive to breeding age was lower for all treatments (reference, 0.26; selection, 0.17; heavy cut, 0.32) than the expected annual mortality probability of adult females (0.4–0.6). Forest fragments in this region appear to be population sinks, regardless of extent of partial harvest within the fragment.
Software fault prediction for object oriented systems
Authors: Malhotra Ruchika , Jain Ankita 
Published: October 2011

There always has been a demand to produce efficient and high quality software. There are various object oriented metrics that measure various properties of the software like coupling, cohesion, inheritance etc. which affect the software to a large extent. These metrics can be used in predicting important quality attributes such as fault proneness, maintainability, effort, productivity and reliability. Early prediction of fault proneness will help us to focus on testing resources and use them only on the classes which are predicted to be fault-prone. Thus, this will help in early phases of software development to give a measurement of quality assessment.
This paper provides the review of the previous studies which are related to software metrics and the fault proneness. In other words, it reviews several journals and conference papers on software fault prediction. There is large number of software metrics proposed in the literature. Each study uses a different subset of these metrics and performs the analysis using different datasets. Also, the researchers have used different approaches such as Support vector machines, naive bayes network, random forest, artificial neural network, decision tree, logistic regression etc. Thus, this study focuses on the metrics used, dataset used and the evaluation or analysis method used by various authors. This review will be beneficial for the future studies as various researchers and practitioners can use it for comparative analysis.
IKKβ and NF-κB Transcription Govern Lymphoma Cell Survival through AKT-Induced Plasma Membrane Trafficking of GLUT1
Authors: Sommermann Thomas G. , O'Neill Kathleen , Plas David R. , Cahir-McFarland Ellen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAll cancer cells require increased nutrient uptake to support proliferation. In this study, we investigated the signals that govern glucose uptake in B-cell lymphomas and determined that the inhibitor of NF-κB-kinase β (IKKβ) induced glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) membrane trafficking in both viral and spontaneous B-cell lymphomas. IKKβ induced AKT activity, whereas IKKβ-driven NF-κB transcription was required for GLUT1 surface localization downstream of AKT. Activated NF-κB promoted AKT-mediated phosphorylation of the GLUT1 regulator, AKT substrate of 160kD (AS160), but was not required for AKT phosphorylation of the mTOR regulator Tuberous Sclerosis 2 (TSC2). In Epstein-Barr virus–transformed B cells, NF-κB inhibition repressed glucose uptake and induced caspase-independent cell death associated with autophagy. After NF-κB inhibition, an alternate carbon source ameliorated both autophagy and cell death, whereas autophagy inhibitors specifically accelerated cell death. Taken together, the results indicate that NF-κB signaling establishes a metabolic program supporting proliferation and apoptosis resistance by driving glucose import. Cancer Res; 71(23); 7291–300. ©2011 AACR.
Early Repolarization in an Ambulatory Clinical Population
Authors: Uberoi Abhimanyu , Jain Nikhil A. , Perez Marco , Weinkopff Anthony , Ashley Euan , Hadley David , Turakhia Mintu P. , Froelicher Victor 
Published: October 2011

Background—
The significance of early repolarization, particularly regarding the morphology of the R-wave downslope, has come under question.

Methods and Results—

We evaluated 29 281 resting ambulatory ECGs from the VA Palo Alto Health Care System. With PR interval as the isoelectric line and amplitude criteria ≥0.1 mV, ST-segment elevation is defined at the end of the QRS, J wave as an upward deflection, and slur as a conduction delay on the QRS downstroke. Associations of ST-segment elevation patterns, J waves, and slurs with cardiovascular mortality were analyzed with Cox analysis. With a median follow-up of 7.6 years, there were 1995 cardiac deaths. Of 29 281 subjects, 87% were male (55±14 years) and 13% were female (56±17 years); 13% were black, 6% were Hispanic, and 81% were white or other. Six hundred sixty-four (2.3%) had inferior or lateral ST-segment elevation: 185 (0.6%) in inferior leads and 479 (1.6%) in lateral leads, 163 (0.6%) in both, and 0.4% had global elevation. A total of 4041 ECGs were analyzed with enhanced display, and 583 (14%) had J waves or slurring, which were more prevalent in those with than in those without ST-segment elevation (61% versus 13%;
P
<0.001). ST-segment elevation occurred more in those with than in those without J waves or slurs (12% versus 1.3%;
P
<0.001). Except when involving only inferior leads, all components of early repolarization were more common in young individuals, male subjects, blacks, and those with bradycardia. All patterns and components of early repolarization were associated with decreased cardiovascular mortality, but this was not significant after adjustment for age.

Conclusions—
We found no significant association between any components of early repolarization and cardiac mortality.
Low-Density Lipoproteins Containing Apolipoprotein C-III and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Mendivil Carlos O. , Rimm Eric B. , Furtado Jeremy , Chiuve Stephanie E. , Sacks Frank M. 
Published: October 2011

Background—
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that contains apolipoprotein (apo) C-III makes up only 10% to 20% of plasma LDL but has a markedly altered metabolism and proatherogenic effects on vascular cells.

Methods and Results—

We examined the association between plasma LDL with apoC-III and coronary heart disease in 320 women and 419 men initially free of cardiovascular disease who developed a fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction during 10 to 14 years of follow-up and matched controls who remained free of coronary heart disease. Concentrations of LDL with apoC-III (measured as apoB in this fraction) were associated with risk of coronary heart disease in multivariable analysis that included the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apoB, triglycerides, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other risk factors. In all models, the relative risks for the top versus bottom quintile of LDL with apoC-III were greater than those for LDL without apoC-III. When included in the same multivariable-adjusted model, the risk associated with LDL with apoC-III (relative risk for top versus bottom quintile, 2.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.54–3.68;
P
for trend <0.001) was significantly greater than that associated with LDL without apoC-III (relative risk for top versus bottom quintile, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–2.05;
P
for trend=0.97;
P
for interaction <0.001). This divergence in association with coronary heart disease persisted even after adjustment for plasma triglycerides.

Conclusions—
The risk of coronary heart disease contributed by LDL appeared to result to a large extent from LDL that contains apoC-III.
ENSO and Pacific Decadal Variability in the Community Climate System Model Version 4
Authors: Deser Clara , Phillips Adam S. , Tomas Robert A. , Okumura Yuko M. , Alexander Michael A. , Capotondi Antonietta , Scott James D. , Kwon Young-Oh , Ohba Masamichi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This study presents an overview of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and Pacific decadal variability (PDV) simulated in a multicentury preindustrial control integration of the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) at nominal 1° latitude–longitude resolution. Several aspects of ENSO are improved in CCSM4 compared to its predecessor CCSM3, including the lengthened period (3–6 yr), the larger range of amplitude and frequency of events, and the longer duration of La Niña compared to El Niño. However, the overall magnitude of ENSO in CCSM4 is overestimated by ~30%. The simulated ENSO exhibits characteristics consistent with the delayed/recharge oscillator paradigm, including correspondence between the lengthened period and increased latitudinal width of the anomalous equatorial zonal wind stress. Global seasonal atmospheric teleconnections with accompanying impacts on precipitation and temperature are generally well simulated, although the wintertime deepening of the Aleutian low erroneously persists into spring. The vertical structure of the upper-ocean temperature response to ENSO in the north and south Pacific displays a realistic seasonal evolution, with notable asymmetries between warm and cold events. The model shows evidence of atmospheric circulation precursors over the North Pacific associated with the “seasonal footprinting mechanism,” similar to observations. Simulated PDV exhibits a significant spectral peak around 15 yr, with generally realistic spatial pattern and magnitude. However, PDV linkages between the tropics and extratropics are weaker than observed.
Applications of Full Spatial Resolution Space-Based Advanced Infrared Soundings in the Preconvection Environment
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Chian-Yi , Zhang Peng , Schmit Timothy J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Advanced infrared (IR) sounders such as the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) provide atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles with high vertical resolution and high accuracy in preconvection environments. The derived atmospheric stability indices such as convective available potential energy (CAPE) and lifted index (LI) from advanced IR soundings can provide critical information 1 ~ 6 h before the development of severe convective storms. Three convective storms are selected for the evaluation of applying AIRS full spatial resolution soundings and the derived products on providing warning information in the preconvection environments. In the first case, the AIRS full spatial resolution soundings revealed local extremely high atmospheric instability 3 h ahead of the convection on the leading edge of a frontal system, while the second case demonstrates that the extremely high atmospheric instability is associated with the local development of severe thunderstorm in the following hours. The third case is a local severe storm that occurred on 7–8 August 2010 in Zhou Qu, China, which caused more than 1400 deaths and left another 300 or more people missing. The AIRS full spatial resolution LI product shows the atmospheric instability 3.5 h before the storm genesis. The CAPE and LI from AIRS full spatial resolution and operational AIRS/AMSU soundings along with Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounder derived product image (DPI) products were analyzed and compared. Case studies show that full spatial resolution AIRS retrievals provide more useful warning information in the preconvection environments for determining favorable locations for convective initiation (CI) than do the coarser spatial resolution operational soundings and lower spectral resolution GOES Sounder retrievals.
Protective effect of vanillin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative brain injury in rats
Authors: Makni Mohamed , Chtourou Yassine , Barkallah Mohamed , Fetoui Hamadi 
Published: October 2011

This study investigated the protective effects of vanillin against acute brain damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. The study was performed on 32 male rats divided into four groups: a control group, vanillin group ([Va] 150 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and CCl4 toxication groups received a single injection of CCl4 (1 ml/kg, i.p.; CCl4 and Va + CCl4 groups). The degree of protection in brain tissue was evaluated by the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide (NO). Vanillin showed a significant brain-protective effect by decreasing the level of lipid peroxidation and NO2 and elevated the activities of antioxidative enzymes and level of GSH. Consequently vanillin blocked oxidative brain damage induced by CCl4 in rats.
Screening for Intimate Partner Violence in Orthopedic Patients
Authors: Sprague Sheila , Madden Kim , Dosanjh Sonia , Petrisor Brad , Schemitsch Emil H. , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: October 2011

Accurately identifying victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) can be a challenge for clinicians and clinical researchers. Multiple instruments have been developed and validated to identify IPV in patients presenting to health care practitioners, including the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) and the Partner Violence Screen (PVS). The purpose of the current study is to determine if female patients attending an outpatient orthopaedic fracture clinic who screen positive for IPV using three direct questions (direct questioning) also screen positive on the WAST and PVS. We conducted a prevalence study at two Level I trauma centres to determine the prevalence of IPV in female patients presenting to orthopaedic fracture clinics for treatment of injuries. We used three methods to determine the prevalence of IPV; 1) direct questioning, 2) WAST, and 3) PVS. We compared the prevalence rates across the three screening tools. Ninety-four women screened positive for IPV using any method. The prevalence of IPV was 30.5% when a direct questioning approach was utilized, 12.4% using the WAST, and 9.2% using the PVS. The WAST identified 37.2% (35/94) of the IPV victims detected and the PVS identified 27.7% (53/94) of the IPV victims detected, whereas direct questioning identified 89.4% of the IPV victims. Identification of IPV may be under-estimated by the WAST and PVS screening tools. Our findings suggest direct questioning may increase the frequency of disclosure of IPV among women attending outpatient orthopaedic clinics.
Rotary draw bending of small diameter copper tubes: predicting the quality of the cross-section
Authors: Mentella A , Strano M 
Published: October 2011

The purpose of the present work is to study the correlation between the main geometrical tube parameters of the rotary draw bending process and the resulting quality of the cross-section of small hydraulic pipings. The method of choice, named free rotary draw bending, is a rotary draw bending process where no internal support from an internal mandrel or plug is possible, because hydraulic tubes cannot be lubricated on their internal diameter. Furthermore, no axial boosting of the tube or of the pressure die is applied. Free bending is mainly used when small-diameter tubes are involved, with high length and relatively thin walls. A unique quality estimator QCS of the cross-section geometry of bent tubes has been developed, which is able to synthetically represent the main functional and aesthetical properties of tubes: the maximum ovalization, the minimum hydraulic diameter, and so on. In the case of copper tubes for hydraulic applications a strongly deformed cross-section after bending means a poor quality of the product, since it delivers an increase of head losses and of pressure drops. The deformation occurring in the cross-section of the tube has been studied through a set of FEM simulations, run with an explicit code with shell elements, and the model has been validated by comparing the experimental and numerical results of specific cases, in terms of geometry of the cross-section in a 90° bend. The plan of simulations has been designed using the typical copper tube dimensions for hydro-thermo-sanitary applications and a few runs have been added with modified parameters with the aim of completing the plan for evaluating the sensitivity to a change either in geometrical variables (thickness t, outer diameter OD, mean bending radius RM) or in the tube material. An indicator (bending factor) is proposed, able to reliably estimate the difficulty of a bending process with respect to tendency to ovalization and collapse of the cross-section. Some design guidelines of the bending tools are provided.
Constrained power allocation schemes for coordinated base station transmission using block diagonalization
Authors: García Armada Ana , Sánchez-Fernández Matilde , Corvaja Roberto 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In this study, we propose several power allocation schemes in a coordinated base station downlink transmission with per antenna and per base station power constraints. Block Diagonalization is employed to remove interference among users. For each set of power constraints, two schemes based on the waterfilling distribution are proposed and compared to the optimal solution, which can only be obtained numerically by using convex optimization. We show that the proposed schemes achieve a performance, in terms of weighted sum rate, very close to the optimal, without the heavy computational complexity required by the latter. The sum rates are compared first in a simplified two-user two-cell case where we also compare our approach to the previous solutions available in the literature. Then, we examine the performance in a multi-cell scenario where we also evaluate the degradation of the performance caused by imperfect channel state information.
Novel technique for biliary reconstruction using an isolated gastric tube with a vascularized pedicle: a live animal experimental study and the first clinical case
Authors: Helmy Ashraf A , Hamad Mostafa A , Aly Ahmed M , Sherif Tahra , Hashem Mostafa , El-Sers Dalia AH , Semieka Mohammad 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Biliary tract reconstruction continues to be a challenging surgical problem. Multiple experimental attempts have been reported to reconstruct biliary defects with different materials and variable outcome. Our aim was to evaluate a new method for biliary reconstruction using an isolated pedicled gastric tube in a live animal trial and also to present the first clinical case.

Methods
Seven mongrel dogs underwent biliary reconstruction using gastric tube harvested, completely separated from the greater curvature, and based on a vascularized pedicle with the right gastroepiploic vessels. The tube was interposed between the common bile duct (CBD) and the duodenum. Postoperative mortality, morbidity, liver functions, gross and microscopic histological picture were assessed. The first clinical case was also presented where, in a patient with post-cholecystectomy biliary injury, an isolated pedicled gastric tube was interposed between the proximal and distal ends of the CBD.

Results
One dog did not recover from anesthesia and another one died postoperatively from septic peritonitis. Five dogs survived the procedure and showed uneventful course and no cholestasis. The mean anastomotic circumference was 4.8 mm (range 4-6) for CBD anastomosis and 6.2 mm (range 5-7) for duodenal anastomosis. Histologically, anastomotic sites showed good evidence of healing. In the first clinical case, the patient showed clinical and biochemical improvement. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was feasible and assured patent biliary anastomoses.

Conclusion
In mongrel dogs, biliary reconstruction using pedicled gastric tube interposition between CBD and duodenum is feasible with satisfactory clinical results, anastomotic circumference and histological evidence of healing. The technique is also feasible in human and seems to be promising.
Origin and function of embryonic Sertoli cells
Authors: Barrionuevo Francisco , Burgos Miguel , Jiménez Rafael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn the adult testis, Sertoli cells (SCs) are the epithelial supporting cells of the seminiferous tubules that provide germ cells (GCs) with the required nutrients and structural and regulatory support to complete spermatogenesis. SCs also form the blood-testis barrier, phagocytose apoptotic spermatocytes and cell debris derived from spermiogenesis, and produce and secrete numerous paracrine and endocrine signals involved in different regulatory processes. In addition to their essential functions in the adult testis, SCs play a pivotal role during testis development. They are the first cells to differentiate in the embryonic XY gonadal primordium and are involved in the regulation of testis-specific differentiation processes, such as prevention of GC entry into meiosis, Leydig and peritubular myoid cell differentiation, and regression of the Müllerian duct, the anlagen of the uterus, oviducts, and the upper part of the vagina. Expression of the Y-linked geneSRYin pre-SCs initiates a genetic cascade that leads to SC differentiation and subsequently to testis development. Since the identification of theSRYgene, many Sertoli-specific transcription factors and signals underlying the molecular mechanisms of early testis differentiation have been identified. Here, we review the state of the art of the molecular interactions that commit the supporting cell lineage of the gonadal primordium to differentiate as SCs and the subsequent Sertoli-specific signaling pathways involved in early testis differentiation.
The Effect of Contact on the Filter Paper Method for Measuring Soil Suction
Authors: Marinho Fernando A. M. , da Silva Gomes Jorge E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The filter paper method is one of the most commonly used and critiqued techniques for measuring soil suction. However, many aspects related to its use still require some clarification. The results of a comprehensive study on the effect of the contact between the soil grains and soil water and the filter paper are presented herein. We investigated the influence of the equilibration time, the texture of the porous material and the degree of contact, or lack thereof, between the soil grains and the filter paper using Whatman #42 and three different types of porous material. To enhance the difference between the total suction and the matrix suction, osmotic suction was induced by saturating the specimens with a sodium chloride solution.