bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Familiarity with Technology Predict Successful Use of an External Loop Recorder? The Loop Recorder Technology Cognition Study (LOCO)
Authors: GULA LORNE J. , KLEIN GEORGE J. , ZURAWSKA URSZULA , MASSEL DAVID , YEE RAYMOND , SKANES ALLAN C. , KRAHN ANDREW D. 
Published: March 2009

Background:

The diagnosis of presyncope, syncope, and palpitations is facilitated by successful documentation of the cardiac rhythm during symptoms. We prospectively assessed technological familiarity using a Technology Cognition Questionnaire to determine influence on proper and effective use of an external loop recorder (ELR).
Methods:

Patients with palpitations, presyncope, or syncope were assessed for familiarity with technology and provided an ELR for a period of 6 weeks. Proper use of the device was demonstrated to the patient and test transmissions were sent by analog telephone line on a weekly basis. Patients were instructed to activate the device to record cardiac rhythm when symptoms recurred, and to send these recordings via telephone transmission.
Results:

Ninety‐two patients were prospectively enrolled, with mean age 54.9 ± 20.9 and 42 males (46%). Sixty‐five patients (71%) had recurrence of symptoms during the 6‐week monitoring period. Among these patients, 40 (62%) were successful in recording and transmitting data such that a diagnosis was made at a median of 8 days (IQR 12.5, range 0–30). Among patients with symptoms during the monitoring period, 36 (55%) had at least one failed recording or transmission. On multivariate analysis, failed symptom recording/transmission was less likely among patients able to program a home video recorder (odds ratio [OR] 0.25 [0.07–0.93]), and more likely among patients who failed a test transmission (OR 3.45 [1.04–11.7]). No variables were independently associated with successful diagnosis.
Conclusions:

Familiarity with technology correlates with successful use of the ELR, but does not necessarily correlate with the ability to reach a diagnosis.
Repolarization Spatial‐Time Current Abnormalities in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: OGATA KUNIOMI , KANDORI AKIHIKO , WATANABE YASUSHI , SUZUKI AKIHIRO , TANAKA KIMIO , OKA YUJI , TAKAKI HIROSHI , KANZAKI HIDEAKI , NAKATANI SATOSHI , MIYATAKE KUNIO , WATANABE SHIGEYUKI , YAMAGUCHI IWAO , MIYASHITA TSUYOSHI , KAMAKURA SHIRO 
Published: March 2009

Background:Magnetocardiography (MCG) is a new technique for visualizing a current distribution in the myocardium. In recent years, current distribution parameters (CDPs) have been developed based on the distribution. The CDPs reflect spatial‐time current abnormalities in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the criteria and scoring method of the abnormalities using CDPs are still controversial.Method:We measured MCG signals for 101 normal controls and 56 CHD patients (single‐, double‐, and triple‐vessel diseases) using a MCG system. The CDPs (maximum current vector [MCV], total current vector [TCV], current integral map, and current rotation) during ventricular repolarization were analyzed. To evaluate the CDPs that are effective in distinguishing between normal controls and CHD patients, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az) are calculated. Furthermore, the total scores (“0” to “4”) of four CDPs with high Azvalues are also calculated.Results:MCV and TCV angles at the T‐wave peak had the highest Azvalue. Furthermore, TCV angular differences between the ST‐T segment also had high Azvalues. Using the four CDPs, the averaged total score for patients with triple‐vessel disease was the highest (“2.67”) compared to the other groups (normal controls: 0.53). Furthermore, based on the assumption that subjects with a total score over “1” were suspected of having CHD, sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 74.3%, respectively.Conclusion:We concluded that the score and criteria using MCV and TCV during repolarization in CHD patients can reflect lesion areas and time changes of electrical activation dispersion due to ischemia.
Both Sides of the Collecting Encounter: The George W. Harley Collection at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University
Authors: Adams Monni 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology holds a large collection of wooden facemasks from the Dan and Mano peoples of Northeast Liberia. Made for ritual use, most of these masks were sold in the 1930s to George W. Harley, a medical missionary who worked in the region. This article explores Harley's training, methods, and motives, and the socio‐political conditions under which he collected. Beginning with the notes that Harley provided on the reasons that owners gave for selling their masks, I examine the collection itself for clues to the choices made on the other side of the collecting encounter.
Developing the Moral Person: The Concepts of Human, Godmanhood, and Feelings in Some Russian Articulations of Morality
Authors: ZIGON JARRETT 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTBased on ethnographic research done in Moscow, Russia, this article describes how some Muscovites articulate their moral consciousness, that is, the ways in which persons articulate to themselves and others how they conceptualize morality. While it may be possible, and indeed is often the case, that these concepts influence how people act and help guide individuals toward moral behavior, what is more important for our purposes is that these concepts provide a way for persons to give meaning, both for themselves and for others, to their moral worlds and experience. Thus, what I hope to do in this article is describe just one of the conceptual frameworks within which moral experience is rendered meaningful for my Muscovite interlocutors. In doing so, I will consider how certain concepts of the moral person that have their origins in turn of the century Russian religious philosophy, Russian Orthodox Christianity, and Soviet ideology have all come together to make up various aspects of this moral consciousness.
Encountering the Wilderness, Encountering the Mist: Nature, Romanticism, and Contemporary Paganism
Authors: SAGE VANESSA 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis article asks how ideas about nature in the 18th and 19th century Romantic movement have traveled in and been translated by the various religious groups that constitute contemporary Paganism. Drawing on the work of poets, philosophers, historians, social scientists, and contemporary Pagans themselves, the article argues that contemporary Paganism borrows freely from Romantic notions of inspiration and imagination to craft a vision of nature, that, for them, responds to the emotional and political needs of their own time and place. At the center of this vision is what I describe as the Romantic hero, a figure in search of a more authentic existence in a broadly conceived “natural world.”
Ritual, Stories, and the Poetics of a Journey Home Among Latino Catholics
Authors: SANDELL DAVID P. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis essay centers on a storyteller's performance of ritual in stories to draw associations between the life of the Biblical Mary with her son Jesus and the subjectivities and dispositions of people living in impoverished conditions. The storyteller explores these subjectivities and dispositions, characterizing the exploration as a journey. She also defines an ethical position where the self meets otherness—both sacred and cultural—to engender positive human relations. The essay combines the storyteller's performance with the author's to reproduce the effects, advance the ethics, mitigate the politics of representation, and provide an understanding of the journey's end—a place called home.
Ultraviolet and violet light: attractive orientation cues for the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella
Authors: Cowan Thomas , Gries Gerhard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Indian meal moth (IMM), Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), engages in long‐distance or foraging flights in the twilight hours of the scotophase when blue light dominates the irradiance spectrum of the sky. We tested the hypothesis that IMM uses wavelengths of visible blue/violet light as orientation cues that trigger phototactic responses. In four‐choice laboratory experiments, blue light (400–475 nm) was significantly more effective than green (475–600 nm), orange (575–700 nm), or red (590–800 nm) light in attracting males and mated females. In subsequent experiments that tested light emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting peak wavelengths in the blue/violet‐light range, the 405‐nm ‘violet’ LED was significantly more effective than the 435‐, 450‐, or 470‐nm ‘blue’ LED in attracting males as well as virgin and mated females. In electroretinogram recordings, the 405‐nm wavelength elicited significantly stronger receptor potentials from female and male eyes than the 350‐nm (UV) wavelength, and in a behavioral experiment it significantly enhanced the known attractiveness of UV light. Equal attraction of IMMs to 405‐nm LEDs at 600–700 µW/cm2 with or without UV light, and significantly stronger attraction to a 405‐nm LED than to a 350‐nm LED at maximum light intensities, suggest that the deployment of violet instead of UV light could become one of several management tactics for control of IMMs.
From the laboratory to the field: contrasting effects of multi‐trophic interactions and agroforestry management on coffee pest densities
Authors: Teodoro Adenir V. , Tscharntke Teja , Klein Alexandra‐Maria 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOnly few factors influencing pest populations can be studied in the laboratory, but many population‐driving factors interact in the field. Therefore, complementary laboratory and field approaches are required for reliable predictions of real‐world patterns and processes. Laboratory and field experiments with the red spider mite, Oligonychus ilicis McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella Guérin‐Méneville (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), on coffee plants, Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae), were combined to study the relative importance of biotic interactions, including resource preferences and natural‐enemy impact, and habitat factors, such as agroforestry type and management intensity, on coffee pest densities. In the laboratory, leaf discs cut from undamaged coffee plants were significantly preferred by red spider mites over those from plants infested with conspecific mites, leaf rust pathogens [Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley & Broome (Uredinales)], or coffee leaf miners, resulting in higher reproductive success. Similarly, undamaged plants were preferred by coffee leaf miners over red spider mite‐infested plants. However, in the field, red spider mite densities were positively correlated with coffee leaf miner and leaf rust densities, thereby contrasting with laboratory predictions. Hence, our study suggests that the importance of resource preferences and fitness expected based on laboratory experiments was suppressed by environmental conditions in the field, though other unassessed biotic interactions could also have played a role. Furthermore, intensified agroforestry was characterized by higher red spider mite densities, whereas densities of its major natural enemy, the predatory mite Amblyseius herbicolus Chant (Acari: Phytoseiidae), were not related to agroforestry management. Densities of coffee leaf miner and its main natural enemy, a eulophid parasitoid (Hymenoptera), were not affected by management practices. In conclusion, patterns found in the laboratory did not hold for the field, emphasizing the difficulties of extrapolating small‐scale experiments to larger spatial scales and the need to combine both approaches.
Trade‐off between foliage and tuber resistance to Phthorimaea operculella in wild potatoes
Authors: Horgan Finbarr G. , Quiring Dan T. , Lagnaoui Aziz , Pelletier Yvan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPlants allocate resources between defence, reproduction, maintenance, and growth. This can lead to detectable allocation and ecological costs expressed as trade‐offs between distinct plant functions. It could also lead to trade‐offs between a plant's defences to different kinds of herbivores or a plant's defences to herbivory on different plant parts. We examined the hypothesis that allocation to defence in leaves is inversely related to allocation to defence in tubers of two distinct trichome‐bearing morphotypes of the wild potato, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes (Solanaceae). This species has been widely used in potato breeding programs aimed at acquiring foliage resistance to Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and other herbivores. Phthorimaea operculella lays eggs in the soil and neonate larvae generally initiate host attack. We exposed leaves and tubers from multiple wild potato populations to neonate P. operculella. For both plant morphotypes, survival of neonate larvae placed on foliage was negatively correlated with the survival of neonate larvae placed on tubers, suggesting a trade‐off between the levels of herbivore defence in these plant tissues. These results suggest that the evolution of tuber resistance and trichome‐mediated foliage resistance to herbivores may not be independent, and that potato‐breeding programs that select for resistance in one tissue might compromise resistance in another.
Comprehensive analysis of cooperative gene mutations between class I and class II in de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ishikawa Yuichi , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Tsujimura Akane , Miyawaki Shuichi , Miyazaki Yasushi , Kuriyama Kazutaka , Tomonaga Masao , Naoe Tomoki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been thought to be the consequence of two broad complementation classes of mutations: class I and class II. However, overlap‐mutations between them or within the same class and the position of TP53 mutation are not fully analyzed. We comprehensively analyzed the FLT3, cKIT, N‐RAS, C/EBPA, AML1, MLL, NPM1, and TP53 mutations in 144 newly diagnosed de novo AML. We found 103 of 165 identified mutations were overlapped with other mutations, and most overlap‐mutations consisted of class I and class II mutations. Although overlap‐mutations within the same class were found in seven patients, five of them additionally had the other class mutation. These results suggest that most overlap‐mutations within the same class might be the consequence of acquiring an additional mutation after the completion both of class I and class II mutations. However, mutated genes overlapped with the same class were limited in N‐RAS, TP53, MLL‐PTD, and NPM1, suggesting the possibility that these irregular overlap‐mutations might cooperatively participate in the development of AML. Notably, TP53 mutation was overlapped with both class I and class II mutations, and associated with morphologic multilineage dysplasia and complex karyotype. The genotype consisting of complex karyotype and TP53 mutation was an unfavorable prognostic factor in entire AML patients, indicating this genotype generates a disease entity in de novo AML. These results collectively suggest that TP53 mutation might be a functionally distinguishable class of mutation.
Increased expression of TRPV1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the human tongue
Authors: Marincsák R , Tóth BI , Czifra G , Márton I , Rédl P , Tar I , Tóth L , Kovács L , Bíró T 
Published: March 2009

Objectives:  Recent reports have unambiguously identified the presence and the growth‐modulatory role of transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1), a central integrator of pain sensation, on numerous non‐neuronal cell types and, of great importance, in certain malignancies. In this study, we have investigated the molecular expression of TRPV1 in the human tongue and its high‐incidence malignant (squamous cell carcinoma, SCC) and premalignant (leukoplakia) conditions.Methods:  Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and quantitative ‘real‐time’ Q‐PCR were performed to define the expression of TRPV1.Results:  A weak and sparse TRPV1‐specific immunoreactivity was identified in the basal layers of the healthy human tongue epithelium. By contrast, we observed a dramatically elevated TRPV1‐immunoreactivity in all layers of the epithelium both in precancerous and malignant samples. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed that the marked overexpression of TRPV1 found in all grades of SCC showed no correlation with the degree of malignancy of the tumours. Finally, the molecular expression of TRPV1 was also identified in an SCC‐derived cell line and was shown to be increased in parallel with the accelerated growth of the cells.Conclusion:  Collectively, our findings identify TRPV1 as a novel, promising target molecule in the supportive treatment and diagnosis of human tongue SCC.
Clinical Impact of Radiologist Interpretation of CT in PET‐CT Imaging
Authors: Qing F. , Graham M. , Abraham T. , Sohi J. , Van Beek E. J. R. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryWe assessed whether radiologists’ reading of the CT portion of the PET‐CT identifies significant additional lesions and whether these findings result in major clinical management changes.716 consecutive patients (pts) aged 13–87 underwent FDG PET‐CT scans for known or suspected cancer between 07/05–03/06. Only those pts without a diagnostic CT within 1 month prior to the PET‐CT were included. The CT portion of the PET‐CT was read by a nuclear medicine or radiology resident or fellow with 1 of 3 designated radiologists and dictated separately from the PET report, which was read with 1 of 5 nuclear medicine faculty physicians. Typically the PET portion was read on the day of scan and CT portion next morning. The radiologists were aware of the PET results and had access to fused PET‐CT images. The PET‐CT system used was a 2‐slice Siemens Biograph. Particular attention was paid to 5 major findings, which are not FDG avid: small pulmonary nodules, lymph nodes, pneumothorax, aortic aneurysm, and renal cell carcinoma. Other CT findings were listed as minor.The major findings identified by radiologists, but not mentioned by nuclear medicine faculty, were FDG‐negative lung nodules (typically sub‐cm) in 91 pts (12.8%), 43 FDG‐negative lymph node/soft tissue masses (6.0%), 1 pneumothorax, 1 pneumoperitoneum, 15 aortic aneurysms (1.9%) and no renal cell carcinoma. This resulted in 21% of all patients having findings. However, major clinical management changes as a result of these findings only occurred in 3 pts: one with a 7‐cm AAA who underwent endograft repair and another patient with enlarged right iliac lymph nodes that were subsequently excised. The pt with pneumothorax did not require chest drain. The pt with pneumoperitoneum underwent laparotomy for perforation of duodenal ulcer. The remaining 7 aneurysms are being followed, as are the cases of small pulmonary nodules. Among the minor radiology findings were: calcified granulomas 122 (17%), atherosclerotic calcifications 77 (10.8%), kidney/liver cysts 35 (4.9%), emphysema 39 (5.4%), gallstones 21 (2.9%), and pericardial effusion 19 (2.7%). None of these led to major clinical management changes.The reading of the CT portion of a PET‐CT study often identifies FDG‐negative lesions; however, it infrequently leads to major clinical management changes in oncology patients. Nevertheless, given the severity of some of these findings, it seems warranted that that the CT portion of the examination be carefully examined by a physician with appropriate CT experience.
Cardiac PET‐CT and its Implementation into Clinical Practice
Authors: Graf S. , Pirich C. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryPositron emission tomography (PET) is the most advanced scintigraphic imaging technique used for in vivo assessment of cardiac pathophysiology. Very recently, 16‐ and 64‐slice hybrid PET‐ computed tomography (CT) scanners have been introduced into clinical routine allowing the comprehensive work up of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The integration of radionuclide imaging of myocardial perfusion with multidetector CT scanners (i.e. PET‐CT) provides the opportunity to detect cardiac and vascular anatomic abnormalities, and their potential clinical consequences, within a single session. Hybrid imaging offers a unique strategy to assess the cardiovascular risk of patients with known or suspected CAD. This includes the detection and quantification of the extent of calcified and non‐calcified plaques via coronary artery calcium and coronary angiography, and extends to the quantification of vascular reactivity and endothelial health, the identification of haemodynamically relevant coronary stenoses with the extent of myocardial area at risk, and in the end the assessment of myocardial viability. Dedicated PET‐CT protocols have been developed to answer many complex clinical questions. Taken together cardiac hybrid imaging can provide all information to increase the accuracy of noninvasive diagnosis of CAD, to assess cardiac risk, to monitor its course and to improve the clinical decision‐making in the management of cardiac patients.
Recycled Creatures and Rogue Genomes: Biotechnology in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas
Authors: Economides Louise 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn an era when the modern sense of ‘nature’ as a domain outside of culture is quickly becoming obsolete – in large part due to advanced technology such as bioengineering – is there a way of conceiving of this collapse that does not bolster an anthropocentric drive to dominate nature and/or to erase its différance? Science fiction has always created myths that allow us to explore both the efficacy and limitations of technology's ability to control nature. In Cloud Atlas, David Mitchell's clone, Sonmi‐451, updates and radicalizes Mary Shelley's caution to modern science in Frankenstein. As a biological cyborg, Sonmi's material and semiotic identity is irreducibly unpredictable, suggesting nature's resistance to control even within social systems that seek absolute power over living entities.