bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Propargyl Sulfides as Radical Trappers for the Synthesis of Sulfonyl Allenes
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Zhongtian , Sun Yifan , Qiu Xiancheng , Liu Huiying , Wu Xinxin , Zhu Chen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work showcases a novel visible‐light mediated allenylation protocol employing propargyl sulfides as a pioneering radical trapping methodology. A diverse array of substituted sulfonyl allenes were successfully synthesized under mild conditions with commendable levels of chemo‐ and regio‐selectivity. Mechanistically, this process entails the formation of sulfonyl radicals, their subsequent addition to alkynes, the subsequent elimination of S‐centered radicals, and Cl‐atom abstraction, thereby facilitating the propagation of this radical chain reaction.
Human musical capacity and products should have been induced by the hominin‐specific combination of several biosocial features: A three‐phase scheme on socio‐ecological, cognitive, and cultural evolution
Authors: Morita Masahito , Nishikawa Yuri , Tokumasu Yudai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVarious selection pressures have shaped human uniqueness, for instance, music. When and why did musical universality and diversity emerge? Our hypothesis is that “music” initially originated from manipulative calls with limited musical elements. Thereafter, vocalizations became more complex and flexible along with a greater degree of social learning. Finally, constructed musical instruments and the language faculty resulted in diverse and context‐specific music. Music precursors correspond to vocal communication among nonhuman primates, songbirds, and cetaceans. To place this scenario in hominin history, a three‐phase scheme for music evolution is presented herein. We emphasize (1) the evolution of sociality and life history in australopithecines, (2) the evolution of cognitive and learning abilities in early/middle Homo, and (3) cultural evolution, primarily in Homo sapiens. Human musical capacity and products should be due to the hominin‐specific combination of several biosocial features, including bipedalism, stable pair bonding, alloparenting, expanded brain size, and sexual selection.
Superficial fibromas with CTNNB1 mutation
Authors: Kuntze Anna , Meliß R. R. , Ermert L. , Falkenberg K. D. , Puller A. C. , Trautmann M. , Hartmann W. , Wardelmann E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuperficial fibromas are a group of mesenchymal spindle cell lesions with pathomorphological heterogeneity and diverse molecular backgrounds. In part, they may be indicators of an underlying syndrome. Among the best‐known entities of superficial fibromas is Gardner fibroma, a plaque‐like benign tumor, which is associated with APC germline mutations and occurs in patients with familial adenomatosis polyposis (Gardner syndrome). Affected patients also have an increased risk to develop desmoid fibromatosis (DTF), a locally aggressive neoplasm of the deep soft tissue highly prone to local recurrences. Although a minority of DTFs occur in the syndromic context and harbor APC germline mutations, most frequently their underlying molecular aberration is a sporadic mutation in Exon 3 of the CTNNB1 gene. Up to date, a non‐syndromic equivalent to Gardner fibroma carrying a CTNNB1 mutation has not been defined. Here, we present two cases of (sub‐)cutaneous tumors with a hypocellular and collagen‐rich Gardner fibroma‐like appearance and pathogenic, somatic CTNNB1 mutations. We aim to differentiate these tumors from other fibromas according to their histological appearance, immunohistochemical staining profile and underlying somatic CTNNB1 mutations. Furthermore, we distinguish them from locally aggressive desmoid fibromatosis regarding their biological behavior, prognosis and indicated therapeutic strategies. Consequently, we call them CTNNB1‐mutated superficial fibromas as a sporadic counterpart lesion to syndromic Gardner fibromas.
Ultrasonography is an effective method for evaluating hepatosplenic fungal infections in pediatric onco‐hematological patients
Authors: Zhang Wenhua , Nie Wei , Li Bin , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThis prospective study assessed the value of ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of hepatosplenic fungal infections (HSFI).MethodsThirty‐two pediatric participants with confirmed onco‐hematological diseases and HSFI were included. Lesions in the liver and/or spleen were detected by US, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT).ResultsOf the participants, 11 (34%) had confirmed HSFI, while 21 (66%) had highly suspected HSFI. The US, CT, MRI, and fungal blood cultures demonstrated positive results in 31, 19, 25, and 7 patients, respectively. US had a significantly higher detection rate than CT, MRI, and fungal blood cultures (p < 0.05). The “bull's eye” phenomenon was a distinctive US feature of HSFI. Follow‐up examinations indicated that after a mean of 7.7 (1–15) months, liver and/or spleen lesions disappeared in five patients. The lesion was significantly smaller in 10 patients. Residual calcifications were detected in 15 patients. Two patients died.ConclusionConclusively, the US may substitute for tissue biopsy, other imaging modalities, or fungal blood culture for the confirmation of HSFI, and may guide better antifungal treatment, thus achieving better outcomes.
Breaking the bamboo ceiling and de‐bunking the model minority myth
Authors: Saksena Yun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLeadership roles must incorporate representation from all involved individuals for the resulting decision‐making process to reflect the interests and expertise of a diverse organization. Many resources have rightly focused on developing historically underrepresented racial and ethnic (HURE) leaders. Though numbers of Black and Hispanic dental school deans have increased, more work is needed for these and other HURE groups such as American Indians. Asians are not classified as HURE. As an aggregated group they have robust presence in the dental workforce in North America, the United Kingdom and Australia. The assumption is they are fine, so the group is ignored. Previous research indicates Asians are almost invisible in leadership roles in dentistry, and while the “Glass Ceiling” phenomenon for women persists, Asian women face even greater obstacles to leadership.This paper explores cultural factors contributing to the “Bamboo Ceiling”, such as Confucian values emphasizing collectivism and deference to authority. It examines challenges faced by Asian women at the intersection of gender and race. The impact of the “Model Minority Myth” compounds these challenges, leading to overlooking diverse needs. The importance of dispelling these harmful myths is underscored. This paper provides strategies to combat them, urging proactive efforts from minorities and management. By shedding light on the “Bamboo Ceiling” and the “Model Minority Myth”, this paper aims to reassess existing norms, current policies and procedures pertaining to equitable representation and leadership opportunities for Asian women in academic dentistry, community oral health, research, and in dental corporations.
A novel multi‐stage enrichment workflow and comprehensive characterization for HEK293F‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Vo Nhan , Tran Chau , Tran Nam H. B. , Nguyen Nhat T. , Nguyen Thieu , Ho Duyen T. K. , Nguyen Diem D. N. , Pham Tran , Nguyen Tien Anh , Phan Hoa T. N. , Nguyen Hoai‐Nghia , Tu Lan N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a promising drug delivery vehicle as they are biocompatible and capable of targeted delivery. However, clinical translation of EVs remains challenging due to the lack of standardized and scalable manufacturing protocols to consistently isolate small EVs (sEVs) with both high yield and high purity. The heterogenous nature of sEVs leading to unknown composition of biocargos causes further pushback due to safety concerns. In order to address these issues, we developed a robust quality‐controlled multi‐stage process to produce and isolate sEVs from human embryonic kidney HEK293F cells. We then compared different 2‐step and 3‐step workflows for eliminating protein impurities and cell‐free nucleic acids to meet acceptable limits of regulatory authorities. Our results showed that sEV production was maximized when HEK293F cells were grown at high‐density stationary phase in semi‐continuous culture. The novel 3‐step workflow combining tangential flow filtration, sucrose‐cushion ultracentrifugation and bind‐elute size‐exclusion chromatography outperformed other methods in sEV purity while still preserved high yield and particle integrity. The purified HEK293F‐derived sEVs were thoroughly characterized for identity including sub‐population analysis, content profiling including proteomics and miRNA sequencing, and demonstrated excellent preclinical safety profile in both in‐vitro and in‐vivo testing. Our rigorous enrichment workflow and comprehensive characterization will help advance the development of EVs, particularly HEK293F‐derived sEVs, to be safe and reliable drug carriers for therapeutic applications.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles: Recent therapeutics and targeted drug delivery advances
Authors: Bhat Anjali , Malik Anshu , Yadav Poonam , Ware Wend‐Pingda Jessica , Kakalij Pratiksha , Chand Subhash 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe targeted drug delivery field is rapidly advancing, focusing on developing biocompatible nanoparticles that meet rigorous criteria of non‐toxicity, biocompatibility, and efficient release of encapsulated molecules. Conventional synthetic nanoparticles (SNPs) face complications such as elevated immune responses, complex synthesis methods, and toxicity, which restrict their utility in therapeutics and drug delivery. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising substitutes for SNPs, leveraging their ability to cross biological barriers, biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and natural origin. Notably, mesenchymal stem cell‐derived EVs (MSC‐EVs) have garnered much curiosity due to their potential in therapeutics and drug delivery. Studies suggest that MSC‐EVs, the central paracrine contributors of MSCs, replicate the therapeutic effects of MSCs. This review explores the characteristics of MSC‐EVs, emphasizing their potential in therapeutics and drug delivery for various diseases, including CRISPR/Cas9 delivery for gene editing. It also delves into the obstacles and challenges of MSC‐EVs in clinical applications and provides insights into strategies to overcome the limitations of biodistribution and target delivery.
How Much Retrieval Ability Is in Originality?
Authors: Weiss Selina , Goecke Benjamin , Wilhelm Oliver 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTCreative fluency and originality are pivotal indicators of creative potential. Both have been embedded in hierarchical intelligence models as part of the ability to retrieve information from long‐term memory; an ability that is often measured with indicators of retrieval fluency. Creative fluency and retrieval fluency, both expressed by the count of correct responses, are procedurally highly similar. This raises the question how creative fluency and originality are related with retrieval fluency and how both are predicted by other cognitive abilities. In a multivariate study (N = 320), we found that retrieval fluency is very strongly related with creative fluency (r = .87) and substantially related with originality (r = .59). A combined fluency factor still fitted the data well. Cognitive abilities accounted for 63% variance in fluency and 47% variance in originality. After controlling for established cognitive abilities, latent variables for fluency and originality were unrelated with one another. This suggests that the procedural proximity of the ability to fluently generate either information from long‐term memory or ad‐hoc solutions to unusual tasks and the ability to come up with original ideas needs reconsideration. Locating originality below an overarching retrieval factor is contradicted by the present data.
The deltoid ligament is constantly formed by four fascicles reaching the navicular, spring ligament complex, calcaneus and talus
Authors: Dalmau‐Pastor Miki , Malagelada Francesc , Guelfi Matteo , Kerkhoffs Gino , Karlsson Jon , Calder James , Vega Jordi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe medial collateral ligament of the ankle, or deltoid ligament, can be injured in up to 40% of patients who sustain an ankle inversion sprain. Reporting injuries of the deltoid ligament is not easy due to confusion in the current anatomical descriptions, with up to 16 fascicles described, with variable frequencies. The purpose of this study was to clarify the anatomy of the deltoid ligament.MethodsThirty‐two fresh‐frozen ankle specimens were used for this study. Careful dissection was undergone until full visualization of the deltoid ligament was achieved and measurements taken.ResultsThe deltoid ligament was found to have four constant fascicles in two layers. The superficial layer consists of the tibionavicular, tibiospring and tibiocalcaneal fascicles, while the deep layer consists of the tibiotalar fascicle. Measurements of these fascicles are given in detail. The tibiotalar fascicle and the anterior part of the tibionavicular fascicle were found to be intra‐articular structures.ConclusionThe deltoid ligament has a constant number of fascicles divided into a superficial and a deep layer. This clarification of the anatomy and terminology of the deltoid ligament and its fascicles will help clinical view, diagnosis and (interdoctor)communication and treatment. The ligamentous fibres of the deep layer, as well as the anterior fibres of the superficial layer (tibionavicular fascicle) are intra‐articular, which could negatively impact its healing capacity, explaining chronicity of these types of injuries.Level of EvidenceNot applicable (cadaveric study).
Soil erosion‐induced decline in aggregate stability and soil organic carbon reduces aggregate‐associated microbial diversity and multifunctionality of agricultural slope in the Mollisol region
Authors: Yang Qingsong , Peng Jue , Ni Shimin , Zhang Chenyang , Wang Junguang , Cai Chongfa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoil erosion has become a serious ecological problem hindering the agricultural and economic development in Northeast China. Soil aggregates are basic units that regulate soil fertility and microbial activity. However, there have been few reports on the role of soil erosion in regulating the microbial diversity, multiple ecosystem services, and functions (multifunctionality) of soil aggregates. In this study, we investigated the effects of soil erosion on microbial diversity and the activities of various extracellular enzymes associated with soil aggregates by using Mollisol soil in Northeastern China at different positions of a slope, and how soil erosion affects soil multifunctionality indexes obtained by normalized calculation of soil enzyme activities. The results showed that soil erosion could reduce the physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity, and microbial diversity of the aggregates, resulting in accumulation of aggregate nutrients and increase in microbial diversity and enzyme activity in the sedimentation area. Compared with smaller soil aggregates, larger soil aggregates had higher nutrient content, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity. However, with the intensification of soil erosion, the differences in microbial diversity and soil enzyme activities among different sizes of aggregates were reduced. Soil erosion also significantly reduced soil multifunctionality (p < 0.001). The multifunctionality of 2000–250 μm, 250–53 μm, and <53 μm aggregates respectively declined from 0.52, 0.20, and 0.08 (no erosion sites) to −0.17, −0.66, and −0.77 (heavy erosion sites). Additionally, microbial diversity was found to have a linear positive correlation with soil multifunctionality (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.01). Structural equation modeling and random forest analysis revealed that soil organic carbon and aggregate water stability are main predictors of soil multifunctionality. Furthermore, soil physicochemical properties had a greater influence on soil multifunctionality than microbial diversity. Collectively, our results demonstrate that soil erosion negatively affects the structure, resource effectiveness, and microbial activity of soil aggregates, thereby reducing to differential soil multifunctionality.
Stream CO2 emissions are overestimated without consideration of diel water and atmospheric CO2 variability
Authors: Reichenpfader Theresa , Attermeyer Katrin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStreams are significant emitters of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere that are influenced by diel CO2 dynamics. However, we know little about diel CO2 variability within streams, the diel dynamics of CO2 in the air above streams, and the consequences for emission calculations. We studied five pre‐alpine streams by equipping three sites per stream in close proximity (~ 1 km apart) with automatic logging stations that continuously recorded water and air CO2 partial pressures (pCO2) for 2–4 d. All streams and sites showed increased pCO2 at night and decreased pCO2 during the day, however, with fourfold higher diel amplitudes for atmospheric pCO2 compared to the water. Calculating diffusive CO2 fluxes with fixed compared to dynamic measured atmospheric CO2 resulted in negligible to 431% lower estimates. We might thus currently overestimate fluvial CO2 emissions and should include diel water and air CO2 variability to more accurately assess stream CO2 emissions.
Mexican patient with Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome and cleft palate: Importance of functional hemizygosity and phenotype expansion
Authors: León‐Madero Luis Felipe , Fregoso‐Ron Cesar Humberto , De León‐Carbajal Juan Carlos , Valdés‐Miranda Juan Manuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEllis‐van Creveld syndrome (EvCS) is a chondroectodermal dysplasia caused by germline pathogenic variants in ciliary complex subunit 1 and 2 genes (EVC, EVC2) on chromosome 4p16.2. This disease has a broad phenotype, and there are few described phenotype–genotype correlations.MethodsEthical Compliance: Written informed consent was obtained from the parents. Here, we report a genetically confirmed Mexican patient with EvCS having two inherited pathogenic variants in trans in EVC2: c.[1195C>T];[2161delC].ResultsThis patient allowed a genotypic–phenotypic comparison with another Mexican subject who presented a more attenuated phenotype; furthermore, our patient also presented cleft palate, a rarely reported feature.ConclusionOur case shows the importance of comparing functional hemizygosity between patient's phenotypes when they share a variant, and our case also supports the association of alterations in the palate as part of the EvCS phenotype.
The use of pencil ionization chamber with temporal readout capabilities to measure CT beam full width half maximum
Authors: Fadhel Muhannad N. , Grizzard Kevin , Vergara Daniel , Franco Roberto Perez , Zhao Anzi , Hoerner Matthew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of Computed Tomography (CT) beam width is required by accrediting and regulating bodies for routine physics evaluations due to its direct correlation to patient dose. Current methods for performing CT beam width measurement require special hardware, software, and/or consumable films. Today, most 100‐mm pencil chambers with a digital interface used to evaluate Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) have a sufficiently high sampling rate to reconstruct a high‐resolution dose profile for any acquisition mode.PurposeThe goal of this study is to measure the CT beam width from the sampled dose profile under a single helical acquisition with the 100‐mm pencil chamber used for CTDIvol measurements.MethodsThe dose profiles for different scanners were measured for helical scans with varying collimation settings using a 100‐mm pencil chamber placed at the isocenter and co‐moving with the patient table. The measured dose profiles from the 100‐mm pencil chamber were corrected for table attenuation by extracting a periodic correction function (PCF) to eliminate table interference. The corrected dose profiles were then deconvolved with the response function of the chamber to compute the beam profile. The beam width was defined by the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the resulting beam profile. Reference dose profiles were also measured using Gafchromic film for comparison.ResultsThe beam widths, estimated using the innovative deconvolution method from the 100‐mm pencil chamber, exhibit an average percentage difference of 1.6 ± 1.8 when compared with measurements obtained through Gafchromic film for beam width assessment.ConclusionThe proposed approach to deconvolve the pencil chamber response demonstrates the potential of obtaining the CT beam width at high accuracy without the need of special hardware, software, or consumable films. This technique can improve workflow for routine performance evaluation of CT systems.
Understanding residents' engagement for the protection of urban green spaces by enriching the value‐belief‐norm theory with relational values—A case study of Munich (Germany)
Authors: Hossu Constantina Alina , Artmann Martina , Saito Tomomi , Van Lierop Martina , Ioja Cristian I. , Pauleit Stephan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Urban green spaces (UGS) provide mechanisms through which people connect and interact with each other, strengthening social relationships as well as human‐nature connections, both of high relevance for sustainable development. However, what determines urban residents' engagement in activities for the protection of UGS still lacks a systematic understanding.

Our study aims to address this gap by enriching the value‐belief‐norm (VBN) theory with relational values based on a questionnaire (N = 221) among residents engaging in UGS maintenance in the city of Munich (Germany).

Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling showed that both individual responsibility and societal responsibility guide urban residents in their actions towards UGS protection.

Furthermore, we found a direct impact of biospheric, altruistic and hedonic values on engagement for the protection of UGS.

Therefore, this study signals the importance of investing in actively promoting pluralistic values among urban residents as cities today urgently need a reconnection of the human‐nature relationship and UGS stewardship actions.

As we further confirm that relational values have impact on the constructs of the VBN theory, we conclude with a plea for recognizing the potential of relational values as enablers of change towards more responsible behaviours towards urban nature.

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