bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Transformation of Religious Learning in Oman: Tradition and Modernity
Authors: AL-SALIMI ABDULRAHMAN 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe last fifty years mark a period of great change in the role of religious leadership and education in the Sultanate of Oman. The country moved from bifurcated leadership between an Imam and a Sultan to a single political authority. These decades also witnessed the modernisation of the state. These factors combined to reshape the place of religion and religious education in society. Whereas previously religious leaders had relative autonomy and more direct political influence, now they were brought under the auspices of the government with their focus circumscribed to religious matters. The structures and foci of religious education were then reshaped so that tradition provided a platform for progress and the more zealous ideologies emerging in the region could be held at bay. This has permitted Oman to modernise and engage with a global society in an amicable, non-sectarian, manner.
Reformism and Orthodox Practice in Early Nineteenth-Century Muslim North India: Sayyid Ahmed Shaheed Reconsidered
Authors: HAROON SANA 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper is a reconsideration of the career of the north-Indian Sayyid Ahmed Shaheed (1786–1831). I argue that Sayyid Ahmed used a Sufi devotional premise to understand and explain principles of orthodoxy. He also applied a concept of innate spiritual knowledge to reformed practice, suggesting that ordinary people, without scholarly training, could determine and apply the principles of orthodox practice of Islam for themselves and for others. His movement modified traditional seminary-centred teaching and leadership through the creation of a popular and easily transferrable system of practice rooted in the community and imprinted with the obligation to spread reformist teachings.
The Woman Who Invented Notepaper: Towards a Comparative Historiography of Paper and Print
Authors: BARRETT T. H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractComparative writing about the history of science and technology in different cultures tends to assume that differences in the ways in which these cultures write their histories are not important. But this is unlikely to be the case. The comparative lack of historical writing about printing in China by European standards should not in itself lead us to conclude that print only played a minor role there, any more than the tendency to downplay the importance of paper among historians of the European book means that its use in Europe was less significant than in other cultures. That in China the relative balance of the historical record is the opposite of the one that we tend to assume on the basis of the European experience is demonstrated here by contrasting the dearth of information about early printing with the commemoration even of relatively marginal cultural figures through the traditional Chinese historiography of paper making. But only tentative suggestions can be made as to why these differences in historical writing may have occurred.
Accessing the Unseen Realm: The Historical and Textual Contexts of Tipu Sultan's Dream Register
Authors: BRITTLEBANK KATE 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPlacing Tipu Sultan of Mysore's personal dream register in its textual and historical contexts reveals an internal logic to its structure and content that scholars have not previously recognised. An analysis of the manuscript as a whole suggests that it was compiled no earlier than 1795, as part of a range of strategies adopted by Tipu to ameliorate the position in which he found himself in the late 1790s. Isolated by his regional contemporaries and under increasing pressure from the British, he drew on a range of divinatory practices in an attempt to understand, and perhaps even influence, the outcome of events.
THE LOGARITHMIC RESIDUE DENSITY OF A GENERALIZED LAPLACIAN
Authors: MICKELSSON JOUKO , PAYCHA SYLVIE 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe show that the residue density of the logarithm of a generalized Laplacian on a closed manifold defines an invariant polynomial-valued differential form. We express it in terms of a finite sum of residues of classical pseudodifferential symbols. In the case of the square of a Dirac operator, these formulas provide a pedestrian proof of the Atiyah–Singer formula for a pure Dirac operator in four dimensions and for a twisted Dirac operator on a flat space of any dimension. These correspond to special cases of a more general formula by Scott and Zagier. In our approach, which is of perturbative nature, we use either a Campbell–Hausdorff formula derived by Okikiolu or a noncommutative Taylor-type formula.
SOME C*-ALGEBRAS ASSOCIATED TO QUANTUM GAUGE THEORIES
Authors: HANNABUSS KEITH C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAlgebras associated with quantum electrodynamics and other gauge theories share some mathematical features withT-duality. Exploiting this different perspective and some category theory, the full algebra of fermions and bosons can be regarded as a braided Clifford algebra over a braided commutative boson algebra, sharing much of the structure of ordinary Clifford algebras.
PARAMETRIZED STRICT DEFORMATION QUANTIZATION OF C*-BUNDLES AND HILBERT C*-MODULES
Authors: HANNABUSS KEITH C. , MATHAI VARGHESE 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we review the parametrized strict deformation quantization of C*-bundles obtained in a previous paper, and give more examples and applications of this theory. In particular, it is used here to classify H3-twisted noncommutative torus bundles over a locally compact space. This is extended to the case of general torus bundles and their parametrized strict deformation quantization. Rieffel’s basic construction of an algebra deformation can be mimicked to deform a monoidal category, which deforms not only algebras but also modules. As a special case, we consider the parametrized strict deformation quantization of Hilbert C*-modules over C*-bundles with fibrewise torus action.
Comonotonic approximations for the probability of lifetime ruin
Authors: VAN WEERT KOEN , DHAENE JAN , GOOVAERTS MARC 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper addresses the issue of lifetime ruin, which is defined as running out of money before death. Taking into account the random nature of the remaining lifetime, we discuss how a retiree should invest in order to avoid lifetime ruin. We also discuss the conditional time of lifetime ruin and the notion of bequest or wealth at death.Using analytical approximations based on comonotonicity, we provide a new approach which is easy to understand and leads to very accurate results without computationally complex calculations. Our analytical approach avoids simulation, which allows to solve very general optimal portfolio selection problems.
Social security, income inequality and growth
Authors: LE GARREC GILLES 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn most industrial countries, public pension systems redistribute from workers to retired people, not from high-income to low-income earners. They are close actuarial fairness. However, they are not all equivalent. In particular, some pension benefits are linked to full lifetime average earnings, while others are only linked to partial earnings history. In the latter case, we then show in this article that an actuarially fair pay-as-you-go pension system can both reduce lifetime income inequality and enhance economic growth. We also shed light on the dilemma between inequality and economic growth in retirement systems: greater progressivity results in less lifetime inequlity but also less growth.
Hidden conformations in protein structures
Authors: Ashkenazy Haim , Unger Ron , Kliger Yossef 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Prediction of interactions between protein residues (contact map prediction) can facilitate various aspects of 3D structure modeling. However, the accuracy of ab initio contact prediction is still limited. As structural genomics initiatives move ahead, solved structures of homologous proteins can be used as multiple templates to improve contact prediction of the major conformation of an unsolved target protein. Furthermore, multiple templates may provide a wider view of the protein's conformational space. However, successful usage of multiple structural templates is not straightforward, due to their variable relevance to the target protein, and because of data redundancy issues.
Results: We present here an algorithm that addresses these two limitations in the use of multiple structure templates. First, the algorithm unites contact maps extracted from templates sharing high sequence similarity with each other in a fashion that acknowledges the possibility of multiple conformations. Next, it weights the resulting united maps in inverse proportion to their evolutionary distance from the target protein. Testing this algorithm against CASP8 targets resulted in high precision contact maps. Remarkably, based solely on structural data of remote homologues, our algorithm identified residue–residue interactions that account for all the known conformations of calmodulin, a multifaceted protein. Therefore, employing multiple templates, which improves prediction of contact maps, can also be used to reveal novel conformations. As multiple templates will soon be available for most proteins, our scheme suggests an effective procedure for their optimal consideration.
Availability: A Perl script implementing the WMC algorithm described in this article is freely available for academic use at http://tau.ac.il/~haimash/WMC.
Contact: kliger@compugen.co.il
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
3FunMap: full-sib family functional mapping of dynamic traits
Authors: Tong Chunfa , Wang Zhong , Zhang Bo , Shi Jisen , Wu Rongling 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Functional mapping that embeds the developmental mechanisms of complex traits shows great power to study the dynamic pattern of genetic effects triggered by individual quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A full-sib family, produced by crossing two heterozygous parents, is characteristic of uncertainties about cross-type at a locus and linkage phase between different loci. Integrating functional mapping into a full-sib family requires a model selection procedure capable of addressing these uncertainties. 3FunMap, written in VC++ 6.0, provides a flexible and extensible platform to perform full-sib functional mapping of dynamic traits. Functions in the package encompass linkage phase determination, marker map construction and the pattern identification of QTL segregation, dynamic tests of QTL effects, permutation tests and numerical simulation. We demonstrate the features of 3FunMap through real data analysis and computer simulation.
Availability: http://statgen.psu.edu/software.
Contact: rwu@hes.hmc.psu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ocean variations associated with fishing conditions for yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Lan Kuo-Wei , Lee Ming-An , Lu Hsueh-Jung , Shieh Wei-Juan , Lin Wei-Kuan , Kao Szu-Chia 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Lan, K-W., Lee, M-A., Lu, H-J., Shieh, W-J., Lin, W-K., and Kao, S-C. 2011. Ocean variations associated with fishing conditions for yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1063–1071. In this study, the Taiwanese longline (LL) fishery data were divided into two types: regular LL and deep LL. Furthermore, we collected environmental variables, such as sea surface temperature (SST), subsurface temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, net primary productivity, windspeed, and the north tropical Atlantic SST index (NTA) during the period 1998–2007 to investigate the relationship between LL catch data and oceanic environmental factors using principal component analysis (PCA). After the daily LL was separated into two types of LL, the results indicated that the deep LL was the major fishery catching yellowfin tuna (YFT) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. In 2003–2005, especially in 2005, the monthly catch by deep LL was double those of other years. The spatial distribution of the nominal catch per unit effort (cpue) by deep LL showed the maximum aggregation of YFT in waters with temperature above 24–25°C. The YFT mainly aggregated in the equatorial Atlantic, extending east in the first and second quarters of the year. In the third quarter of the year, the SST decreased off West Africa and the YFT migrated westwards to 15°W. Results of PCA indicated that higher subsurface water temperatures resulted in a deeper thermocline and caused a higher cpue of YFT, but the influence of NTA on the cpue of YFT seemed to be insignificant.
Response of the ocean mixed layer depth to global warming and its impact on primary production: a case for the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Jang Chan Joo , Park Jisoo , Park Taewook , Yoo Sinjae 
Published: May 2011

AbstractJang, C. J., Park, J., Park, T., and Yoo, S. 2011. Response of the ocean mixed layer depth to global warming and its impact on primary production: a case for the North Pacific Ocean. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 996–1007. This study investigates changes in the mixed layer depth (MLD) in the North Pacific Ocean in response to global warming and their impact on primary production by comparing outputs from 11 models of the coupled model intercomparison projects phase 3. The MLD in the 21st century decreases in most regions of the North Pacific, whereas the spatial pattern of the MLD is nearly unchanged. The overall shoaling results in part from intensified upper-ocean stratification caused by both surface warming and freshening. A significant MLD decrease (>30 m) is found in the Kuroshio extension (KE), which is predominantly driven by reduced surface cooling, caused by weakening of wind. Associated with the mixed layer shoaling in the KE, the primary production component resulting from seasonal vertical mixing will be reduced by 10.7–40.3% (ranges of medians from 11 models) via decreased nitrate fluxes from below it. Spring blooms in most models are projected to initiate earlier in the KE by 0–13 d (ranges of medians from 11 models). Despite the overall trends, the magnitude of changes in primary production and timing of spring blooms are quite different depending on models and latitudes.
First Report of Myrothecium Leaf Spot of Hemionitis arifolia Caused by Myrothecium roridum in China
Authors: Zhang Y. X. , Huang J. H. , Xiang M. M. 
Published: May 2011

Hemionitis arifolia (Burm.) Moore. was grown commercially as an ornamental plant in China. In January 2010, a new foliar disease with typical leaf spot symptoms was observed on H. arifolia in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. Approximately 10% of the plants in the Dongguan nursery were affected. Leaf spots were circular to subcircular, dark brown, with distinct concentric zones, and ranged from 10 to 20 mm in diameter. Lesions developed mostly on the lower leaves and black sporodochia with white mycelial tufts were produced mostly in older lesions under high humidity. Single-spore isolates from lesions plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) produced white, floccose colonies and dark green-to-black sporodochia. Colonies reached 60 mm on PDA at 25°C after 14 days. Conidiophores branched repeatedly. Conidiogenous cells in whorls of two to six on ultimate branches were hyaline, cylindrical, and 13 to 20 × 1.2 to 1.8 μm. Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical, mostly with both rounded ends, occasionally one blunt end, and mean size was 6.1 (4.5 to 7.0) × 2.3 (1.8 to 3.0) μm. These characteristics were consistent with the descriptions of Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr. (2–4). The internal transcribed spacer regions including ITS1, ITS2, and the 5.8S rRNA of one isolate were PCR amplified and sequenced. A BLAST search in GenBank revealed highest similarity (99%) to M. roridum sequences from isolates collected from Germany (Accession Nos. AJ302001.1 and AJ301995.1). The M. roridum sequence from the Chinese isolate was submitted to GenBank (Accession No. JF343832). To confirm pathogenicity, five leaves on five H. arifolia plants were inoculated with 5-mm mycelial plugs from the periphery of 7-day-old cultures; sterile PDA plugs were used as the control treatment. Plants were covered with plastic bags and incubated in a growth chamber at 28°C. Necrotic lesions appeared 2 to 3 days after inoculation and the symptoms described above were observed after 7 days on all inoculated leaves, whereas sterile PDA plugs did not produce any leaf lesion. The pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated leaves and confirmed to be M. roridum on the basis of morphological characteristics. There are approximately 271 hosts of M. roridum (1), including many ornamental plants such as salvia (2) and garden hydrangea (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Myrothecium leaf spot on H. arifolia. Because the disease caused damage to the foliage and reduced the ornamental value of H. arifolia plants, control measures may need to be implemented for production of this species in ornamental nurseries. References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrived from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , 6 February 2011. (2) J. A. Mangandi et al. Plant Dis. 91:772, 2007. (3) M. T. Mmbaga et al. Plant Dis. 94:1266, 2010. (4) M. Tulloch. Mycol. Pap. No. 130. CMI, Wallingford, UK, 1972.
The Cytosolic/Nuclear HSC70 and HSP90 Molecular Chaperones Are Important for Stomatal Closure and Modulate Abscisic Acid-Dependent Physiological Responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Clément Mathilde , Leonhardt Nathalie , Droillard Marie-Jo , Reiter Ilja , Montillet Jean-Luc , Genty Bernard , Laurière Christiane , Nussaume Laurent , Noël Laurent D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCytosolic/nuclear molecular chaperones of the heat shock protein families HSP90 and HSC70 are conserved and essential proteins in eukaryotes. These proteins have essentially been implicated in the innate immunity and abiotic stress tolerance in higher plants. Here, we demonstrate that both chaperones are recruited in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) for stomatal closure induced by several environmental signals. Plants overexpressing HSC70-1 or with reduced HSP90.2 activity are compromised in the dark-, CO2-, flagellin 22 peptide-, and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. HSC70-1 and HSP90 proteins are needed to establish basal expression levels of several ABA-responsive genes, suggesting that these chaperones might also be involved in ABA signaling events. Plants overexpressing HSC70-1 or with reduced HSP90.2 activity are hypersensitive to ABA in seed germination assays, suggesting that several chaperone complexes with distinct substrates might tune tissue-specific responses to ABA and the other biotic and abiotic stimuli studied. This study demonstrates that the HSC70/HSP90 machinery is important for stomatal closure and serves essential functions in plants to integrate signals from their biotic and abiotic environments.
A Small Zinc Finger Thylakoid Protein Plays a Role in Maintenance of Photosystem II in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lu Yan , Hall David A. , Last Robert L. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This work identifies LOW QUANTUM YIELD OF PHOTOSYSTEM II1 (LQY1), a Zn finger protein that shows disulfide isomerase activity, interacts with the photosystem II (PSII) core complex, and may act in repair of photodamaged PSII complexes. Two mutants of an unannotated small Zn finger containing a thylakoid membrane protein of Arabidopsis thaliana (At1g75690; LQY1) were found to have a lower quantum yield of PSII photochemistry and reduced PSII electron transport rate following high-light treatment. The mutants dissipate more excess excitation energy via nonphotochemical pathways than wild type, and they also display elevated accumulation of reactive oxygen species under high light. After high-light treatment, the mutants have less PSII–light-harvesting complex II supercomplex than wild-type plants. Analysis of thylakoid membrane protein complexes showed that wild-type LQY1 protein comigrates with the PSII core monomer and the CP43-less PSII monomer (a marker for ongoing PSII repair and reassembly). PSII repair and reassembly involve the breakage and formation of disulfide bonds among PSII proteins. Interestingly, the recombinant LQY1 protein demonstrates a protein disulfide isomerase activity. LQY1 is more abundant in stroma-exposed thylakoids, where key steps of PSII repair and reassembly take place. The absence of the LQY1 protein accelerates turnover and synthesis of PSII reaction center protein D1. These results suggest that the LQY1 protein may be involved in maintaining PSII activity under high light by regulating repair and reassembly of PSII complexes.
On the merits and feasibility of wildlife monitoring for conservation: a case study from Katavi National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Caro Tim 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAlthough long‐term monitoring is viewed as an essential part of conserving wildlife populations, it is currently carried out in surprisingly few protected areas in Africa. Here, data from a 16‐year vehicle transect monitoring programme in Katavi National Park, western Tanzania, are presented. These data provide information on large mammal densities, identify declines in populations of several large mammal species as based on encounter rates, support worrying trends observed in aerial census data and shed light on the effectiveness of recent changes in legal protection. Ground and aerial surveys confirmed that waterbuck, topi, warthog, lion and spotted hyaena populations are all in decline and that this should be a cause for concern. Counting animals by driving vehicle transects is relatively easy and inexpensive to carry out, and data here show that such counts have several pay‐offs for conservation managers especially in identifying population declines; counts should be employed more often in East Africa and elsewhere.