bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared optical actinometry to determine N- and H-atom density in a N2–H2 microwave discharge
Authors: Mavadat M , Turgeon S , Ricard A , Laroche G 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Infrared (IR) emission spectroscopy was performed on N2 + H2 microwave discharges at pressures ranging between 300 and 3000 mTorr. The relative atomic density of N and H was measured by optical actinometry in the IR region at various total gas pressures. The effect of relative hydrogen partial pressure (between 10 and 90% in the discharge) on N and H relative density was also investigated. Although rarely studied, optical actinometry in the IR region has nevertheless provided numerous advantages over traditional techniques performed in the UV–visible (UV–VIS) spectral region. Results show that despite the decrease in the radiative state of the N and H atoms as a function of pressure, their ground state density increased. With increased relative hydrogen concentration under constant pressure, both the ground and the radiative state density of the H atoms increased similarly to that recorded by actinometry, whereas those of the N atoms decreased as expected. In comparing the results of the H-atom density measured in the well-documented UV–visible region and the IR region, optical actinometry confirms the accuracy of the IR method.
Restricted Gene Flow among Hospital Subpopulations of Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Willems Rob J. L. , Top Janetta , van Schaik Willem , Leavis Helen , Bonten Marc , Sirén Jukka , Hanage William P. , Corander Jukka 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus faecium
has recently emerged as an important multiresistant nosocomial pathogen. Defining population structure in this species is required to provide insight into the existence, distribution, and dynamics of specific multiresistant or pathogenic lineages in particular environments, like the hospital. Here, we probe the population structure of
E. faecium
using Bayesian-based population genetic modeling implemented in Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure (BAPS) software. The analysis involved 1,720 isolates belonging to 519 sequence types (STs) (491 for
E. faecium
and 28 for
Enterococcus faecalis
).
E. faecium
isolates grouped into 13 BAPS (sub)groups, but the large majority (80%) of nosocomial isolates clustered in two subgroups (2-1 and 3-3). Phylogenetic and eBURST analysis of BAPS groups 2 and 3 confirmed the existence of three separate hospital lineages (17, 18, and 78), highlighting different evolutionary trajectories for BAPS 2-1 (lineage 78) and 3-3 (lineage 17 and lineage 18) isolates. Phylogenomic analysis of 29
E. faecium
isolates showed agreement between BAPS assignment of STs and their relative positions in the phylogenetic tree. Odds ratio calculation confirmed the significant association between hospital isolates with BAPS 3-3 and lineages 17, 18, and 78. Admixture analysis showed a scarce number of recombination events between the different BAPS groups. For the
E. faecium
hospital population, we propose an evolutionary model in which strains with a high propensity to colonize and infect hospitalized patients arise through horizontal gene transfer. Once adapted to the distinct hospital niche, this subpopulation becomes isolated, and recombination with other populations declines.

IMPORTANCE
Multiresistant
Enterococcus faecium
has become one of the most important nosocomial pathogens, causing increasing numbers of nosocomial infections worldwide. Here, we used Bayesian population genetic analysis to identify groups of related
E. faecium
strains and show a significant association of hospital and farm animal isolates to different genetic groups. We also found that hospital isolates could be divided into three lineages originating from sequence types (STs) 17, 18, and 78. We propose that, driven by the selective pressure in hospitals, the three hospital lineages have arisen through horizontal gene transfer, but once adapted to the distinct pathogenic niche, this population has become isolated and recombination with other populations declines. Elucidation of the population structure is a prerequisite for effective control of multiresistant
E. faecium
since it provides insight into the processes that have led to the progressive change of
E. faecium
from an innocent commensal to a multiresistant hospital-adapted pathogen.
Maternal note-taking and infant care: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kistin Caroline J , Barrero-Castillero Alejandra , Lewis Sheilajane , Hoch Rachel , Philipp Barbara L , Bauchner Howard , Wang C Jason 
Published: July 2012

DesignA pilot randomised controlled trial was conducted with postpartum mothers to assess the feasibility and impact of note-taking during newborn teaching. Controls received standard teaching; the intervention group received pen and paper to take notes. Subjects were called 2 days post-discharge to assess infant sleep position, breastfeeding, car seat use, satisfaction and information recall.Results126 mothers were randomised. There was a consistent trend that intervention subjects were more likely to report infant supine sleep position (88% vs 78%, relative risks (RR) 1.13; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.34), breastfeeding (96% vs 86%, RR 1.11; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.25) and correct car seat use (98% vs 87%, RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.25). Satisfaction and information recall did not differ. Among first-time mothers, intervention subjects were significantly more likely to report infant supine sleep position (95% vs 65%, RR 1.46; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.00).ConclusionsMaternal note-taking is feasible and potentially efficacious in promoting desirable infant care.
Unphosphorylated STAT1 Promotes Sarcoma Development through Repressing Expression of Fas and Bad and Conferring Apoptotic Resistance
Authors: Zimmerman Mary A. , Rahman Nur-Taz , Yang Dafeng , Lahat Guy , Lazar Alexander J. , Pollock Raphael E. , Lev Dina , Liu Kebin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSTAT1 exists in phosphorylated (pSTAT1) and unphosphorylated (uSTAT1) forms each regulated by IFN-γ. Although STAT1 is a key mediator of the IFN-γ signaling pathway, an essential component of the host cancer immunosurveillance system, STAT1 is also overexpressed in certain human cancers where the functions of pSTAT1 and uSTAT1 are ill defined. Using a murine model of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), we show that disruption of the IFN effector molecule IRF8 decreases pSTAT1 and increases uSTAT1 in STS cells, thereby increasing their metastatic potential. We determined that the IRF8 gene promoter was hypermethylated frequently in human STS. An analysis of 123 human STS specimens revealed that high uSTAT1 levels in tumor cells was correlated with a reduction in disease-specific survival (DSS), whereas high pSTAT1 levels in tumor cells were correlated with an increase in DSS. In addition, uSTAT1 levels were negatively correlated with pSTAT1 levels in these STS specimens. Mechanistic investigations revealed that IRF8 suppressed STAT1 transcription by binding the STAT1 promoter. RNAi-mediated silencing of STAT1 in STS cells was sufficient to increase expression of the apoptotic mediators Fas and Bad and to elevate the sensitivity of STS cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Together, our findings show how the phosphorylation status of pSTAT1 determines its function as a tumor suppressor, with uSTAT1 acting as a tumor promoter that acts by elevating resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis to promote immune escape. Cancer Res; 72(18); 4724–32. ©2012 AACR.
Freeze the Stroke
Authors: Tedim Cruz Vítor , Araújo Isabel , Alves Ivânia , Magano Aldiro , Coutinho Paula 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
The capacity of the general population to identify stroke signs is a major determinant for success of prehospital emergency pathways. Previous educational strategies using the media were usually short-lived and expensive. Tailoring information programs for special subgroups like acute stroke relatives may improve this situation.

Methods—
A poster was assembled that included a list of stroke signs and instructions to call 911. Consecutive admissions to the stroke unit were randomized. Intervention consisted of an educational session with relatives, in which a nurse delivered 5 posters and asked for their placement on the freezer door at the kitchen of the patient's house and each of 4 neighboring houses. One month later, a questionnaire was administered to both groups.

Results—

Sixty admissions were randomized (30 interventions), and 150 posters were distributed. One month after discharge, response rates were 81% for intervention group and 48% for control group. In the intervention arm, 64.5% had all the 4 answers correct, and 74.2% identified all first signs of stroke. For the control group, these values were 8% and 20%, respectively (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
This stroke unit–based information strategy improved awareness of relatives and neighbors when compared with the usual discharge plan. The program avoids the media and explores regional health care structure and family and social organizations, and it targets a subgroup keen to receive and spread information. The low cost, ease of use, and duration of the stimulus facilitate further testing and evaluation of impact on hospital presentation and thrombolytic treatment rates.
The Effects of Usury Laws: Evidence from the Online Loan Market
Authors: Rigbi Oren 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Usury laws cap the interest rates that lenders can charge. Using data from Prosper.com, an online lending marketplace, I investigate the effects of these laws. The key to my empirical strategy is that there was initially substantial variability in states' interest rate caps, ranging from 6% to 36%. A behind-the-scenes change in loan origination, however, suddenly increased the cap to 36%. The main findings of the study are that higher interest rate caps increase the probability that a loan will be funded, especially if the borrower was previously just "outside the money." I do not find, however, changes in loan amounts and default probability. The interest rate paid rises slightly, probably because online lending is substantially, yet imperfectly, integrated with the general credit market.
Import Competition and Skill Content in U.S. Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Lu Yi , Ng Travis 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSkill content varies enormously across industries and over time. This paper shows that import competition can explain a significant portion of the variation in various skill measures across manufacturing industries. Industries that face more intense import competition employ more nonroutine skill sets, including cognitive, interpersonal, and manual skills, and fewer cognitive routine skills. In addition, we find that the impact of import competition on skills is not driven by imports from low-wage countries or from China. A number of robustness checks also suggest that our results are unlikely to be driven by econometric problems.
An Application of Sequential Variational Method without Tangent Linear and Adjoint Model Integrations
Authors: Dobricic Srdjan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The sequential variational (SVAR) method minimizes the weakly constrained four-dimensional cost function by splitting it into a set of smaller cost functions. This study shows how it is possible to apply SVAR in practice by reducing the computational effort required by the algorithm. A major finding of the study is that, instead of using tangent linear and adjoint models, it is possible to estimate the largest eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of the evolution of the background error covariances only by applying successive nonlinear model integrations. Another major finding is that the impact of future observations on previous state estimates may be obtained in an accurate and numerically stable way by using suitably defined cost functions and control space transformations without any additional model integrations. The new method is applied in a realistic data assimilation experiment with a primitive equations ocean model.
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Authors: Cloutier Tam , Pons Yoann , Blancal Jean‐Philippe , Sauvaget Elisabeth , Kania Romain , Bresson Damien , Herman Philippe 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to review recent management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) in our institution during the past 10 years and to analyze the shift in surgical paradigm based on the rate of endoscopic approach and Radkowski staging.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingThe study was conducted from April 2000 to August 2010 in a tertiary care university hospital (Lariboisière, Paris, France).Subjects and MethodsAll patients referred for a JNA were included in the study. Medical files and imaging data were retrospectively analyzed. Surgical management was then evaluated for 2 different periods (group 1, n = 31, consecutive patients operated on from April 2000 to June 2005, and group 2, n = 41, from July 2005 to August 2010).ResultsSeventy‐two patients were operated on, with a mean age of 16.25 years (range, 9‐33 years). The rate of the endoscopic approach was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (82.9% vs 45%). Rates of recurrence and complications were similar. Recurrences (ie, residual disease growing and treated by redo) were noted in 6 cases or 8.3% (group 1, n = 3; group 2, n = 3; P >. 05).ConclusionProgress in skull base anatomy, instrumentation, cameras, and surgical strategy allows for expansion of the indications for endoscopic removal of JNA. This approach may have a better outcome in terms of blood loss, hospital stay, and local sequelae. Still, an external approach should be considered only for selected cases due to massive intracranial extension or optic nerve or internal carotid artery entrapment by the tumor.
Potential association between coronary artery disease and the inflammatory biomarker YKL-40 in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kim Hyun Min , Lee Byung-Wan , Song Young-Mi , Kim Won Jin , Chang Hyuk-Jae , Choi Dong-Hoon , Yu Hee Tae , Kang EunSeok , Cha Bong Soo , Lee Hyun Chul 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundInflammation plays an important role in coronary artery disease from the initiation of endothelial dysfunction to plaque formation to final rupture of the plaque. In this study, we investigated the potential pathophysiological and clinical relevance of novel cytokines secreted from various cells including adipocytes, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells, in predicting coronary artery disease (CAD) in asymptomatic subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe enrolled a total of 70 asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients without a documented history of cardiovascular disease, and determined serum levels of chemerin, omentin-1, YKL-40, and sCD26. We performed coronary computed tomographic angiography (cCTA) in all subjects, and defined coronary artery stenosis ≥ 50 % as significant CAD in this study.ResultsSubjects were classified into two groups: patients with suspected coronary artery stenosis on cCTA (group I, n = 41) and patients without any evidence of stenosis on cCTA (group II, n = 29). Group I showed significantly higher YLK-40 levels and lower HDL-C levels than group II (p = 0.038, 0.036, respectively). Levels of chemerin, omentin-1, and sCD26 were not significantly different between the two groups. Serum YKL-40 levels were positively correlated with systolic/diastolic BP, fasting/postprandial triglyceride levels, and Framingham risk score. Furthermore, YKL-40 levels showed moderate correlation with the degree of coronary artery stenosis and the coronary artery calcium score determined from cCTA. In multivariate logistic analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking history, hypertension, and LDL-cholesterol, YLK-40 levels showed only borderline significance.ConclusionsYKL-40, which is secreted primarily from inflammatory cells, was associated with several CVD risk factors and was elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with suspected coronary artery stensosis on cCTA. These results suggest the possibility that the inflammatory biomarker YKL-40 might be associated with coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Le gaspillage de l'or noir
Authors: Malti Hocine 
Published: July 2012

Quand le général de Gaulle a finalement admis, en septembre 1961, que le Sahara faisait partie intégrante de l’Algérie, on était en droit de penser que les richesses du sous-sol saharien feraient le bonheur du peuple algérien, une fois l’indépendance acquise. On s’était mis à rêver que le destin des Algériens était d’être un peuple heureux et que les revenus du pétrole lui permettraient d’affronter les affres du sous-développement. Hélas, les quelques années de trop qu’avait duré la guerre de libération, en raison de ces découvertes, n’ont été que le début d’une série de malheurs causés à ce peuple, causés par l’accaparement de la rente pétrolière par des dirigeants sans foi, ni loi.
La jeunesse algérienne : un profond et durable malaise
Authors: Safir Nadji 
Published: July 2012

Etant donné l’importance de son poids relatif, la jeunesse algérienne est une composante essentielle de la société algérienne. Dans une position marginale eu égard aux logiques rentières qui parcourent celle-ci, la jeunesse est confrontée, depuis de longues années déjà, à des taux élevés de chômage et de sous-emploi. Développant des stratégies d’adaptation aux contextes économiques et sociaux nationaux dominants, elle constitue un potentiel migratoire – notamment qualifié – important. Les problèmes qu’elle rencontre sont à l’origine du malaise qui la caractérise et dont l’une des formes de manifestation est constituée par diverses formes de violence collective.
Abdelkader Alloula, un dramaturge au carrefour des générations
Authors: Bereksi-Meddahi Lamia 
Published: July 2012

Les années 1990 ont fait couler beaucoup de sang de dramaturges, de journalistes, d’écrivains. Le terrorisme a atteint un tel paroxysme que le dramaturge Abdelkader Alloula avait adapté la pièce de Carlo Goldoni « Arlequin, valet de deux maîtres » en 1993. Il a expliqué sa démarche ainsi : « En premier lieu, je voulais apporter un divertissement à notre jeunesse et l’amener à se poser des questions sur ce que vivent les jeunes actuellement et faire ressortir l’amour et la vertu, notions qui ont totalement disparu (...) nous visons surtout des représentations en direction des jeunes parce que le public est trop pris par la vie politique et ces questions d’amour ne l’intéressent plus » 1 .
Victoire modale, victoire morale ? Le système automobile dans le jeu des transports publics parisiens au début du XXe siècle
Authors: Flonneau Mathieu 
Published: July 2012

Confronté aux défis massifs de la croissance de la mobilité liée au phénomène de métropolisation, en 1910, la Ville de Paris remettait légalement en jeu le système d’exploitation de ses réseaux de surface de transports en commun. Alors que la révolution du métro était en cours, la compagnie titulaire de l’ancien contrat pour les omnibus fut sommée de moderniser son matériel et d’adopter la traction automobile. Dans la ville qui venait d’inventer l’ensemble des usages de l’automobilisme, ce choix fait par les pouvoirs publics relayés par les entreprises privées permit des conquêtes modales qui demeurèrent valables près d’un siècle. Cet article, au travers d’une monographie exemplaire, explore les conditions concrètes qui ont permis politiquement à l’automobilisme de s’imposer dans les sociétés occidentales.
Pouchkine en France au XIXe siècle : empirisme et intraduisibilité1
Authors: Teplova Natalia 
Published: July 2012

Alexandre Pouchkine, le poète national russe, reste toujours méconnu par le grand public français. Une des raisons de cet état de fait se cache dans les premières « translations » non traductives des oeuvres de Pouchkine. La présente étude analyse le caractère empirique des procédés translatifs du début du XIXe siècle qui ont créé le mythe de l’intraduisibilité de cet auteur russe.
Les banlieues de l’immigration
Authors: Charbonneau Johanne , Germain Annick 
Published: July 2012

La banlieue québécoise a connu d’importantes mutations au cours des dernières décennies. Plusieurs se demandent si on ne devrait pas cesser de nommer ainsi des territoires qui ressemblent de plus en plus aux quartiers des villes centres. L’hétérogénéité sociale progressive des banlieues de l’après-guerre, nourrie entre autres par l’arrivée des immigrants, est un des facteurs qui inspirent ces débats. À partir de recherches réalisées dans des quartiers de la banlieue montréalaise et de certaines données statistiques, nous verrons comment l’immigration internationale se répartit en banlieue et proposerons une typologie de ses modes d’établissement. Puis nous nous interrogerons sur la manière dont l’immigration interpelle le modèle de la banlieue, en faisant référence notamment aux philosophies des « municipalités » de banlieue en matière d’intégration.
Note critique
Authors: Castonguay Charles 
Published: July 2012

Depuis la parution de Minorités francophones : assimilation et vitalité des communautés dans la série Nouvelles perspectives canadiennes du ministère du Patrimoine canadien, les études se multiplient qui visent à racheter l’assimilation des minorités francophones en plaçant plutôt l’accent sur leur vitalité linguistique ou culturelle. Dans sa contribution en ce sens au récent numéro de Recherches sociographiques sur le thème des minorités, André Langlois a prétendu remettre en question le paradigme de l’urbanisation comme catalyseur de l’assimilation et celui de la concentration territoriale comme condition nécessaire à la persistance linguistique d’une minorité. La présente note met en évidence d’importantes lacunes et faiblesses dans la méthode et le raisonnement de Langlois, tout en faisant ressortir à quel point les recensements confirment les paradigmes mis en cause.
La nature formelle du symbolisme dans la caverne
Authors: Fischer Franck 
Published: July 2012

On offre ici une interprétation nouvelle de deux des symboles de l’allégorie de la Caverne : les ombres de l’étape C1 du prisonnier enchaîné et les marionnettes de l’étape C2 du prisonnier qui se libère. Les deux symboles analysés ne sont pas, selon l’auteur, des symboles de réalités (C1 = ombres et C2 = réalités sensibles) que pourrait suggérer un parallélisme strict avec la Ligne (L1 = image et L2 = réalité sensible), mais des symboles se référant à des modes de jugements qui portent tous deux sur la même réalité sensible.
La terre promise, Remember ! : l’odyssée carnavalesque de Noël Audet
Authors: Arsenault Solange 
Published: July 2012

Si l’hybridité formelle de La terre promise, Remember ! de Noël Audet renvoie d’emblée aux grandes traditions romanesques de la modernité — roman picaresque, épopée, chronique, conte —, le roman s’inscrit bien plus encore dans la tradition carnavalesque, tant par son orchestration dialogique des langages que par son imagerie grotesque. Le présent article explore ainsi les formes et les enjeux de la carnavalisation de l’oeuvre qui transcrit, sur un mode distancié, de très larges pans de la culture et de l’histoire du Québec. Chevauchant les époques et les lieux, questionnant les sens possibles de l’Histoire, de la mémoire et de l’identité, bref de la culture, La terre promise, Remember ! fait de l’hétérogénéité langagière le véhicule premier de son odyssée carnavalesque.
Sagesse, folie et bonheur en Qohélet 10,1
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Jacques 
Published: July 2012

Qo 10,1 est un texte qui ne nécessite aucune correction textuelle. Du point de vue de l’analyse structurelle, Qo 9,18b-10,1a est un commentaire critique de Qo 9,18a, tandis que Qo 10,1b s’oppose à Qo 9,17. L’idée dominante de ce verset peut se résumer comme suit : Qo 10,1 relativise la valeur traditionnelle de la sagesse. Plus précisément, Qo 9,18b-10,1a évoque le monde politico-militaire qui a le pouvoir de détruire le bonheur, tandis que Qo 10,1b souligne qu’un peu de folie a plus de valeur que la sagesse et la gloire. Le mot clé est icim‘t, « un peu ». Il rappelle, non sans ironie, que ni la sagesse ni la folie ne peuvent garantir le bonheur et la sécurité (cf. Qo 7,16-17).