bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish Passage Effectiveness of Recently Constructed Road Crossing Culverts in the Puget Sound Region of Washington State
Authors: Price David M. , Quinn Timothy , Barnard Robert J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Fish passage barriers at road–stream crossings are widely recognized as salmon Oncorhynchus spp. habitat restoration priorities in Washington State and throughout the Pacific Northwest of the USA. More than 3,500 fish passage barriers (mostly culverts) have been repaired in Washington streams since 1999, costing more than US$139 million. We evaluated fish passage at 77 randomly selected culverts (new and repaired) that were issued permits during three time periods (1998, 2003, and 2007). This sample represents approximately 85% of the fish passage culverts permitted in the Puget Sound region of Washington State during the last 10 years. All study culverts were permitted for fish passage under the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife's (WDFW) hydraulic project approval (HPA) permitting process and evaluated using physical criteria in the WDFW's fish passage barrier standard. Our results indicate that 30% of culverts (23 of 77) permitted under the HPA process for fish passage were, in fact, barriers. Culverts permitted as no-slope (one of the most common design types) or as an unknown design type were barriers in 45% of cases. Most culvert failures were due to noncompliance with permit provisions, particularly culvert slope, and a lack of critical evaluation of proposed plans in the context of site conditions by permitting biologists. We found no relationship between barrier status and permit date, experience of permitting biologists, quality of permit, or project sponsor type (private, public, or restoration entity). These results indicate the need for mechanisms to ensure better compliance from project sponsors and an improved process to critically evaluate the adequacy of proposed plans in the context of project site conditions.
Gravel Addition as a Habitat Restoration Technique for Tailwaters
Authors: McManamay Ryan A. , Orth D. J. , Dolloff Charles A. , Cantrell Mark A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
We assessed the efficacy of passive gravel addition at forming catostomid spawning habitat under various flow regimes in the Cheoah River, a high-gradient tailwater river in North Carolina. The purpose was to provide a case study that included recommendations for future applications. A total of 76.3 m3 (162 tons) of washed gravel (10–50 mm) was passively dumped down the streambank and into the channel in four locations. Gravel sites differed in terms of average reach slope, bank slope, and the initial volume of gravel added, which could have influenced gravel entrainment. Maps of gravel movement under various flows suggested that large-magnitude discharges (≥113 m3/s) caused extensive migration; however, less obvious, smaller discharges (∼28 m3/s) still caused substantial shifting, which may influence the stability of catostomid spawning substrates. Following gravel addition, the proportion of gravel in the streambed was significantly higher at all gravel sites. However, comparisons of sites to reference stream reaches suggested that sand, gravel, and cobble were still extremely deficient. Additionally, the volume of gravel was inadequate to create gravel depths that provided suitable habitat for catostomid spawning. Although periodic, passive gravel additions may take years to provide suitable spawning habitat for some fish species, we found that river chub Nocomis micropogon utilized the newly added gravel for spawning.
Mixed-Stock Analysis of Yukon River Chum Salmon: Application and Validation in a Complex Fishery
Authors: Flannery Blair G. , Beacham Terry D. , Candy John R. , Holder Russell R. , Maschmann Gerald F. , Kretschmer Eric J. , Wenburg John K. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Yukon River chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta are managed under the Pacific Salmon Treaty (PST), which requires conservation and equitable sharing of this fishery resource by the USA and Canada. Fall chum salmon are of special concern because they spawn in both the United States and Canada, and the focus of the PST is on Canadian-origin salmon. Yukon River chum salmon were assayed for genetic variation at 22 microsatellite loci to establish a baseline for mixed-stock analysis (MSA) applications to assist in addressing conservation and allocation issues. The baseline has been applied yearly to estimate the stock composition of Yukon River fall chum salmon from samples collected in the Pilot Station test fishery. Accuracies in MSA simulations for 12 of 14 management regions exceeded 90%, with a range of 80–98%, for the 12 most informative loci. Stock composition estimates were within 10% of the actual proportions in a known-origin mixture analysis. Stock-specific abundance estimates, which were derived from combining the estimates of genetic stock composition of Pilot Station test fishery harvests with sonar abundance estimates, were concordant with upriver escapement data. The combination of genetic MSA using the baseline developed in this study and sonar abundance provides a viable tool for assessing stock strength and assisting managers in regulating fisheries to maintain the productivity and evolutionary potential of Yukon River chum salmon.
Sex Ratio, Fecundity, and Models Predicting Length at Sexual Maturity of Redband Trout in Idaho Desert Streams
Authors: Schill Daniel J. , LaBar George W. , Mamer Elizabeth R. J. M. , Meyer Kevin A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFactors affecting length at maturity and other important reproductive characteristics have not been investigated for Idaho redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri residing in desert streams. Prespawning redband trout were collected from nine streams, and estimates of length at sexual maturity, median age at maturity, sex ratio, and fecundity were developed along with models predicting length at maturity from physical stream conditions. Males first matured 1–2 years prior to females in seven of nine streams, while in the remaining two populations a few fish of both sexes first matured at the same age. Total length (TL) was strongly related (P < 0.0004; n = 49) to fecundity (F) via the curvilinear function F = 0.0002TL2.5989. Redband trout residing in Idaho desert streams appeared to be less fecund than several other stream‐dwelling populations of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. The best estimate of sex ratio for all fish, including immature fish, was 1:1. The best two‐variable logit model for predicting length at maturity in males included stream order and conductivity, whereas the best model for females included drainage area above the sample site and stream gradient. These models can be used by fishery managers to estimate the total number of mature redband trout present in Idaho streams and, in combination with other data, can be used to approximate effective population sizes across southwestern Idaho desert stocks.
Length Reduction of Larval Yellow Perch and Freshwater Amphipods in RNAlater Solution
Authors: Foley Carolyn J. , Ryan Daniel J. , Höök Tomas O. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Use of RNAlater (Ambion, Inc.) solution to preserve whole organisms for nucleic acid analysis is gaining popularity, in part because it effectively preserves both RNA and DNA without the need for freezing the organism. Similar preservatives have been shown to cause short-term changes in animal length, and such changes must be accounted for as analyses progress. We examined the rates and degrees of shrinkage for freshwater amphipods Diporeia spp. and larval yellow perch Perca flavescens after preservation in RNAlater solution in comparison with more common preservatives. We found that after 2 months of preservation, Diporeia shrank by 3% in RNAlater versus gaining length by 5% in diluted ethanol and by 1% in diluted formaldehyde. After 5.5 months of preservation, larval yellow perch lengths decreased by 23% in RNAlater, 10% in diluted ethanol, 12% in diluted formaldehyde, and 19% when frozen in water. Overall length reduction for Diporeia and larval yellow perch was significantly greater in RNAlater than in ethanol or formalin. Since accurate measures of length are necessary for many nucleic acid analyses, researchers utilizing RNAlater solution should attempt to measure organisms while they are alive or should develop preservation-specific correction functions to overcome biases associated with shrinkage.
Development of Standard Weight Equations for Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Amphidromous Fishes
Authors: Cooney Patrick B. , Kwak Thomas J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
We collected and compiled length and weight information from four countries and one commonwealth to develop standard weight (Ws) equations for three amphidromous fish species native to the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico regions: mountain mullet Agonostomus monticola (N = 9,768 individuals, 52 populations), river goby Awaous banana (N = 1,847 individuals, 62 populations), and bigmouth sleeper Gobiomorus dormitor (N = 2,983 individuals, 53 populations). Linear and quadratic Ws equations for three quartiles (25%, median, 75%) are presented for these three species. The length–weight relationship from eight lentic bigmouth sleeper populations was significantly different from that of lotic populations, reflecting higher weights of juvenile fish (&lt;70 mm total length) in lentic environments. Thus, independent Ws equations were developed for lotic populations of bigmouth sleepers. Ws equations were not developed from lentic bigmouth sleeper populations alone due to the low number of applicable populations caused by life history constraints; the equation from combined lentic and lotic populations is suggested for application to lentic bigmouth sleeper populations. These morphometric relationships for amphidromous fishes may improve the ability to assess existing and potential sport fisheries and allow ecological assessment based on fish condition.
Brook Trout Removal as a Conservation Tool to Restore Eagle Lake Rainbow Trout
Authors: Carmona-Catot Gerard , Moyle Peter B. , Aparicio Enric , Crain Patrick K. , Thompson Lisa C. , García-Berthou Emili 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis are abundant in Pine Creek and its main tributary, Bogard Spring Creek, California. These creeks historically provided the most spawning and rearing habitat for endemic Eagle Lake rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss aquilarum. Three-pass electrofishing removal was conducted in 2007–2009 over the entire 2.8-km length of Bogard Spring Creek to determine whether brook trout removal was a feasible restoration tool and to document the life history characteristics of brook trout in a California meadow stream. After the first 2 years of removal, brook trout density and biomass were severely reduced from 15,803 to 1,192 fish/ha and from 277 to 31 kg/ha, respectively. Average removal efficiency was 92–97%, and most of the remaining fish were removed in the third year. The lack of a decrease in age-0 brook trout abundance between 2007 and 2008 after the removal of more than 4,000 adults in 2007 suggests compensatory reproduction of mature fish that survived and higher survival of age-0 fish. However, recruitment was greatly reduced after 2 years of removal and is likely to be even more depressed after the third year of removal assuming that immigration of fish from outside the creek continues to be minimal. Brook trout condition, growth, and fecundity indicated a stunted population at the start of the study, but all three features increased significantly every year, demonstrating compensatory effects. Although highly labor intensive, the use of electrofishing to eradicate brook trout may be feasible in Bogard Spring Creek and similar small streams if removal and monitoring are continued annually and if other control measures (e.g., construction of barriers) are implemented. Our evidence shows that if brook trout control measures continue and if only Eagle Lake rainbow trout are allowed access to the creek, then a self-sustaining population of Eagle Lake rainbow trout can become reestablished.
Distinguishing Wild from Hatchery-Produced Juvenile Red Snapper with Otolith Chemical Signatures
Authors: Gibson Suzanne M. , Patterson William F. , Phelps Ronald P. , Patterson William P. , Chen Zhongxing 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Otolith chemical signatures were evaluated as natural tags to distinguish wild from hatchery-produced juvenile red snapper Lutjanus campechanus. Otoliths were sampled from 59 hatchery-reared fish and 146 wild fish collected over the continental shelf from northwest Florida to Texas. One sagitta from each fish was cleaned, dissolved in ultrapure nitric acid, and analyzed with sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to test for differences in otolith element:Ca ratios (Ba:Ca, Li:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Sr:Ca) between wild and hatchery fish. The second sagitta was cleaned, ground to a fine powder, and analyzed with stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry to test for differences in delta (δ) values of the stable isotopes 13C and 18O. Significant differences existed in otolith chemical signatures between hatchery and wild juveniles (multivariate analysis of variance, Pillai's trace: P &lt; 0.001). Jackknifed classification accuracies from linear discriminant function analysis indicated that hatchery fish could be distinguished from wild fish with 100% accuracy based on otolith chemical signatures. The most important otolith chemistry feature in distinguishing hatchery from wild fish was δ13C, with the mean difference in δ13C between hatchery and wild fish (−2.6‰) being similar to the mean difference in δ13C between hatchery feeds and the predominant food of wild juveniles (−2.8‰). Overall, results suggest that otolith chemical signatures may be employed as effective natural tags for mass marking of future stockings of red snapper or other marine fishes to estimate the hatchery contribution to wild populations.
Fistula Incidence and Predictors of Fistula Occurrence after Cleft Palate Repair: Two-Stage Closure versus One-Stage Closure
Authors: Landheer J.A. , Breugem C.C. , Van Der Molen A.B. Mink 
Published: November 2010

Objective To review the clinical outcomes of our cleft palate team in terms of fistula rate and to determine whether gender, syndrome, cleft type, age at repair, operating surgeon, type of cleft repair, and cleft width influence the risk of fistula occurrence. Cleft palate repair was done in one- or two-stages. Design A retrospective analysis was performed of medical records of 275 patients who underwent palate repair and who were born between 1988 and 1997. All consecutive cleft (lip and) palate patients (including syndromes) were incorporated. Multivariate analysis was performed to look for predictors of the formation of fistulas. Results One hundred fifty-four and 121 patients underwent two-stage and one-stage repair, respectively. The median duration of follow-up was 9 years. The overall incidence of the formation of a fistula was 21%, with a recurrence rate of 9% after fistula repair. Three independent predictors of fistulization were found: palate repair in two stages, younger age at the second stage of a two-stage repair (≤3.0 years), and greater cleft width (≥13 mm). A fistula occurred in 27% of two-stage repairs versus 14% of one-stage repairs. Conclusions This study found a relatively high incidence of fistula formation after cleft palate repair. Although the study populations were not randomized, this study suggests that a two-stage closure has a higher rate of fistula formation when compared with a one-stage closure. This study demonstrates that cleft width at the time of cleft palate repair plays a crucial role in the development of fistulas.
Orthodontic Space Closure versus Prosthetic Replacement of Missing Upper Lateral Incisors in Patients with Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Oosterkamp Barbara Cm. , Dijkstra Pieter U. , Remmelink Hendrik J. , Van Oort Robert P. , Sandham Andrew 
Published: November 2010

Objective To compare dental aesthetics and function of orthodontic space closure versus prosthetic replacement of upper lateral incisors in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate. The predominant mode of prosthetic replacement was resin-bonded bridges. Patients and Methods The retrospective study group consisted of 17 patients treated with orthodontic space closure (13 men, four women; median age, 27.1 years; interquartile range, 20.6 to 33.3 years) and 10 patients treated with prosthetic replacement (five men, five women; median age, 27.7 years; interquartile range, 20.9 to 39.7 years). Dental aesthetics were evaluated by the patients and by a professional panel. Mandibular function was evaluated by means of the mandibular function impairment questionnaire. The level of mandibular impairment was calculated using the Function Impairment Rating Scale. Results With respect to dental aesthetics, no significant differences between patients treated with orthodontic space closure and prosthetic replacement were found. With respect to function, the level of mandibular impairment was significantly higher in patients treated with prosthetic replacement compared with patients treated with orthodontic space closure, as indicated by high scores on specific masticatory functions. Conclusion Orthodontic space closure and prosthetic replacement in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients produce similar results in terms of aesthetics. In terms of function, prosthetic replacement results in significantly more impairment of specific masticatory functions.
Ethnic Heterogeneity of IRF6 AP-2a Binding Site Promoter SNP Association with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Blanton Susan H. , Burt Amber , Garcia Elizabeth , Mulliken John B. , Stal Samuel , Hecht Jacqueline T. 
Published: November 2010

Objective The goal of this study was to confirm the reported association between a noncoding SNP (rs642961) in IRF6 and nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Design, Setting, and Participants Two SNPs in IRF6 (rs2235371 and rs64296) were genotyped in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white multiplex (122) and simplex (308) nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate families. Linkage and family-based association analyses were performed on the individual SNPs as well as the 2-SNP haplotype. Results Only modest evidence was found for an association with rs642961 and the 2-SNP haplotype. In contrast, strong evidence was found for the association with rs2235371; this was most evident in the non-Hispanic white simplex families. Conclusions Although it is confirmed that variation in IRF6 is associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate, the results do not support the reported association with SNP rs64296. Importantly, the association varies between ethnic groups. This finding underscores the need for evaluating additional variations in IRF6 across multiple populations to better determine its role in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate.
A proposed new classification for the renal collecting system of cattle
Authors: A. Pereira-Sampaio Marco , J. S. Bagetti Filho Helio , S. Carvalho Francismar , J. B. Sampaio Francisco , W. Henry Robert 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the intrarenal anatomy of kidneys obtained from cattle and to propose a new classification for the renal collecting system of cattle.
Sample Population—37 kidneys from 20 adult male mixed-breed cattle.
Procedures—Intrarenal anatomy was evaluated by the use of 3-D endocasts made of the kidneys. The number of renal lobes and minor renal calyces in each kidney and each renal region (cranial pole, caudal pole, and hilus) was quantified.
Results—The renal pelvis was evident in all casts and was classified into 2 types (nondilated [28/37 {75.7%}] or dilated [9/37 {24.3%}]). All casts had a major renal calyx associated with the cranial pole and the caudal pole. The number of minor renal calices per kidney ranged from 13 to 64 (mean, 22.7). There was a significant correlation between the number of renal lobes and the number of minor renal calices for the entire kidney, the cranial pole region, and the hilus region; however, there was not a similar significant correlation for the caudal pole region. Major and minor renal calices were extremely narrow, compared with major and minor renal calices in pigs and humans.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The renal collecting system of cattle, with a renal pelvis and 2 major renal calices connected to several minor renal calices by an infundibulum, differed substantially from the renal collecting system of pigs and humans. From a morphological standpoint, the kidneys of cattle were not suitable for use as a model in endourologic research and training. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1264–1269)
Effects of perzinfotel, butorphanol tartrate, and a butorphanol-perzinfotel combination on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats
Authors: J. Zwijnenberg Raphael , L. del Rio Carlos , A. Pollet Robert , W. Muir William 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of perzinfotel, butorphanol, and their combination on the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in cats.
Animals—7 healthy sexually intact cats (4 males and 3 females), aged 12 to 17 months and weighing 2.8 to 4.6 kg.
Procedures—In a crossover design, saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, perzinfotel (2.5 to 15 mg/kg; IV, IM, and SC), butorphanol tartrate (0.2 mg/kg, IM), or a combination of 5 mg of perzinfotel/kg and 2 mg of butorphanol tartrate/kg (both IM) was administered to 6 cats before 7 separate episodes of anesthesia with isoflurane in oxygen. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, bispectral index (BIS), and inspiration and expiration concentrations of isoflurane were continuously monitored. The isoflurane MAC was determined twice during anesthesia.
Results—IV, IM, and SC administration of perzinfotel at 2.5 to 15 mg/kg resulted in a significant decrease in mean isoflurane MAC by 43.3% to 68.0%. The BIS significantly increased after perzinfotel administration via the same routes at 2.5 to 15 mg/kg and after perzinfotelbutorphanol administration IM. Blood pressure was significantly higher after perzinfotel was administered at 5 mg/kg, IM; 10 mg/kg, IV; and 10 mg/kg, SC than after saline solution administration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Perzinfotel administration decreased the isoflurane MAC and increased several BIS and blood pressure values in anesthetized cats. Administration of perzinfotel prior to isoflurane anesthesia may improve anesthetic safety by reducing inhalant anesthetic requirements and improving cardiovascular function during anesthesia. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1270–1276)