bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HVPE growth of thick AlN on trench‐patterned substrate
Authors: Fujita Kohei , Okuura Kazuteru , Miyake Hideto , Hiramatsu Kazumasa , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe have fabricated low threading dislocation density (TDD) and crack‐free thick AlN films on trench‐patterned AlN templates for application to deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) by employing an epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) process. Using AlN templates with various stripe structures formed along the <10‐10> direction, We systematically investigated mechanism of void structure formed by the ELO process. It was found that the height of void‐tops was proportional to the groove width and the growth rate ratio of vertical to lateral. And, the height of void‐bottoms was proportional to the parameter defined as the square of groove‐width divided by the groove‐depth. Furthermore, the growth rate ratio of vertical to lateral lowered with increasing growth temperature, and heightened with decreasing V/III ratio (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ensuring Quality of Regulatory Clinical Documents
Authors: Li Henry , Hanna Kim , Petteway Steve 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA large number of clinical documents are generated during the clinical stage of drug development. These documents are used to obtain regulatory permission for clinical trial initiation, to execute clinical trials, and eventually to get regulatory approval for new products or indications. The types of clinical documents required are numerous and complex and include study protocols, informed consent forms, investigator brochures, investigational new drug annual reports, and clinical study reports. In addition, clinical documents that summarize clinical study results are part of a new drug application or biological license application. Because clinical documents are critical for drug development and business, they must be of the highest quality. Towards that end, we have developed a comprehensive QC program and implemented a QC step in the clinical document preparation process. This program is process driven with an SOP for QC review and a QC step is formalized in each document‐specific SOP. We also applied quality audit principles in the QC review. Independent reviewers perform each QC review using checklists to provide a consistent and objective evaluation of clinical documents. The document author addresses each QC finding and subsequent QC changes are verified. The scope of a QC review is tailored to each document. The QC review is an inherent step of the clinical document preparation process, providing necessary assurance that clinical documents generated are of the highest quality possible. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE INFLUENCE OF WASTEWATER SUBSIDY, FLOOD DISTURBANCE AND NEIGHBOURING LAND USE ON CURRENT AND HISTORICAL PATTERNS OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN A SEMI‐ARID WATERSHED
Authors: Villarreal M. L. , Drake S. , Marsh S. E. , McCoy A. L. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTRiparian systems are among the most diverse and most threatened ecosystems in the western USA and consequently the focus of much conservation and restoration effort. Detailed mapping of existing riparian vegetation and quantitative description of historical riparian dynamics can inform and direct ecosystem conservation and restoration efforts. Using historical aerial photography, satellite imagery and field methods, we examine and compare historical riparian vegetation dynamics within catchments of varying land‐use/water‐use intensity along a 51‐km stretch of the Santa Cruz River in Arizona, USA. We mapped current (2006–2007) vegetation to a formation class level (dominant life form) through aerial photo‐interpretation and refined the map to an alliance level (dominant species) with extensive field data. We mapped historical vegetation to the formation level using six dates of aerial photography (1936–2004) and quantified rates of land‐use and vegetation change over the 70‐year period with spatial analysis techniques. Our results indicate that the current amount, distribution and diversity of vegetation alliances are linked to effluent supply. Sites receiving effluent since 1972 experienced a rapid increase in area of riparian forest and woodland from 1984 to 2004, followed by retrogression to herbaceous‐dominated types from 2004 to 2006, the result of an extensive cottonwood tree die‐off. Sites with no effluent subsidy are currently dominated by a mixture of riparian shrub and non‐native herbaceous alliances but tend to have higher overall alliance diversity and exhibit more stability over time. These results suggest that the use of effluent for riparian restoration may have variable long‐term effects depending on catchment land‐use history. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CEO Dismissal: The role of investment analysts
Authors: Wiersema Margarethe F. , Zhang Yan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWhile poor firm performance has been shown to be a predictor of CEO dismissal, little is known about the role of external constituents on the board's decision to dismiss the firm's CEO. In this study, we propose that investment analysts, as legitimate third‐party evaluators of the firm and its leadership, provide certification as to the CEO's ability, or lack thereof, and thus help reduce the ambiguity associated with the board's evaluation of the CEO's efficacy. In addition, the board tends to respond to investment analysts because their stock recommendations influence investors, whom the board wants to appease. Using panel data on the S&P 500 companies for the 2000–2005 period, we find that negative analyst recommendations result in a higher probability of CEO dismissal. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton Conductivity of SO3H‐Functionalized Benzene–Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica
Authors: Sharifi Monir , Köhler Christof , Tölle Pia , Frauenheim Thomas , Wark Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe proton conductivity of benzene–periodic mesoporous silica (PMO) materials functionalized with sulfonic acid groups is investigated using experimental and theoretical techniques. The SO3H functionalization of pristine benzene–PMO is realized by three different pathways based on a grafting method in which surface silanol groups and/or benzene rings are used to anchor SO3H groups for enhanced proton conductivity. The functionalized material is experimentally characterized using X‐ray diffraction, small‐angle neutron scattering, and argon adsorption isotherms. After pressing the functionalized benzene–PMOs into pellets, the proton conductivity is deduced from Bode plots of impedance spectra taken in the temperature range of 333–413 K at 100% relative humidity. Using quantum mechanical approaches for selected proton‐conduction mechanisms, the free energy barriers for proton transport as well as the local water environment at the surface are calculated. These calculations indicate that different mechanisms from purely bulk water transport are important for the benzene–PMO proton conduction, in agreement with experimental data.
Cocaine increases ryanodine receptors via dopamine D1 receptors
Authors: Kurokawa Kazuhiro , Mizuno Koji , Shibasaki Masahiro , Kiyokage Emi , Toida Kazunori , Ohkuma Seito 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFor review there are little available data on regulatory mechanisms of ryanodine receptor (RyR) expression with cocaine treatment, though methamphetamine was reported to up‐regulate RyRs in mouse brain. This study attempted to investigate regulatory mechanisms of RyR expression using the cerebral cortical neurons in primary culture intermittently exposed to a psychostimulant, cocaine. Intermittent exposure to cocaine (10 μM) significantly enhanced RyR 1 and 2 proteins and their mRNA, but not RyR 3 expression in the neurons. These cocaine‐induced increases of RyR proteins and their mRNA were dose‐dependently blocked by a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist (SCH23390), but not by a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (sulpiride). These results indicate a regulatory role of dopamine D1 receptors in RyR expression bycocaine. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transparente Elektroden auf Kunststofffolien
Authors: Fahland Matthias 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTransparente Elektroden spielen bereits heute in einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen eine große Rolle und werden in ihrer Bedeutung noch zunehmen. Künftige Anwendungen werden anspruchsvoller sein in Bezug auf bessere elektrische Eigenschaften der Elektroden bei gleichzeitig niedrigeren Kosten. Heute bestehen transparente Elektroden meist aus leitfähigen Oxiden wie zum Beispiel Indium‐Zinn Oxid (ITO). Diese Materialien können von leitfähigen keramischen Targets gesputtert werden. Dazu werden die Substrate als Rollenware ins Vakuum gebracht und dort während eines kontinuierlich laufenden Umwickelvorgangs beschichtet. Auf diese Weise lassen sich Elektroden bis etwa 20 Ωsqu herstellen. Für niedrigere Widerstände sind neue Ansätze notwendig. Meist wird die leitfähige Oxidschicht durch ein metallisches Gitter verstärkt. Dadurch lassen sich niedrigere Schichtwiderstände erreichen. Aber auch Lösungen, die völlig ohne Vakuumbeschichtung auskommen, rücken immer mehr in den Fokus des Interesses. Diese profitieren vor allem von technologischen Fortschritten bei organischen Polymeren. Neben dem niedrigen Schichtwiderstand spielt vor allem die hohe mechanische Flexibilität der Baugruppen eine große Rolle.
Untersuchung von Grenzflächen in Chalkopyrit‐Dünnschichtsolarzellen
Authors: Lauermann Iver 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAnhand von zwei Beispielen aus der aktuellen Forschung im Bereich Solarenergieforschung am Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB) wird gezeigt, wie Synchrotronstrahlung zur Analyse von Grenzflächenreaktionen in Dünnschichtsolarzellen eingesetzt werden kann und somit zum Verständnis ihrer Funktionsweise beiträgt. Erst mit diesem Wissen können Dünnschichtsolarzellen im Hinblick auf Wirkungsgrad und Stabilität verbessert werden. Dargestellt wird der Einsatz der Röntgenemissionsspektroskopie zum Nachweis der Oxidation von Sulfid zu Sulfat an der Grenzfläche zwischen Chalkopyrit‐Solarzellenabsorbern und Zinkoxid‐Fensterschicht. Im zweiten Beispiel wird gezeigt, wie Hochenergie‐Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie eingesetzt wird, um die Diffusion von Kupfer aus einem Chalkopyrit‐Absorber in eine Indiumsulfid‐Pufferschicht in‐situ zu verfolgen.
Biomarkers in the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders: proteins, lipids, and inhibodies
Authors: Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , Kallemeijn Wouter W. , Wegdam Wouter , Joao Ferraz Maria , van Breemen Marielle J. , Dekker Nick , Kramer Gertjan , Poorthuis Ben J. , Groener Johanna E. M. , Cox‐Brinkman Josanne , Rombach Saskia M. , Hollak Carla E. M. , Linthorst Gabor E. , Witte Martin D. , Gold Henrik , van der Marel Gijs A. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Boot Rolf G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA biomarker is an analyte indicating the presence of a biological process linked to the clinical manifestations and outcome of a particular disease. In the case of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), primary and secondary accumulating metabolites or proteins specifically secreted by storage cells are good candidates for biomarkers. Clinical applications of biomarkers are found in improved diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and assessing therapeutic correction. These are illustrated by reviewing the discovery and use of biomarkers for Gaucher disease and Fabry disease. In addition, recently developed chemical tools allowing specific visualization of enzymatically active lysosomal glucocerebrosidase are described. Such probes, coined inhibodies, offer entirely new possibilities for more sophisticated molecular diagnosis, enzyme replacement therapy monitoring, and fundamental research.
Calvin and the Duty of Guardians to Resist: a Comment
Authors: Stein Peter 
Published: March 2011

Mr Lloyd's argument is based on the fact that Calvin, when discussing the magistrates' duty to protect the commons against a tyrannical ruler, describes them as tutores. He suggests that Calvin was specifically referring to the tutela of Roman law.Tutela in Roman law was the power allowed by the law to a ‘guardian’ over a free person—normally one who had been left independent by the death of his father, in whose power he had been—who by reason of age was unable to look after his own affairs. The tutor's function was confined to safeguarding the property interests of the child, and did not extend to control over his personal welfare or education. Tutela lasted in the case of a boy until puberty (the age of fourteen years) but thereafter it was usual for a young man to have a curator to look after his property and he was subject to cura or curatio until he was twenty-five. The tutor was liable for both fraud and negligence, and the liability was enforced by two actions. One, the crimen suspecti tutoris, could be brought by anyone other than the ward himself, to obtain the removal of the tutor for misconduct; the other, the actio tutelae, was brought by the former ward, after the completion of the tutela, for any misconduct committed during it.
An Elizabethan Contact with Greece
Authors: Vickers Michael 
Published: March 2011

Among the papers of Patrick Young preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford is a copy of a translation into Greek of a licence granted by Elizabeth I in 1597 for the collection of alms towards the ransom of the sons of the murdered metropolitan of Thessaloniki.The document is remarkable for several reasons: it is an early example of English sympathy for Greeks suffering under Turkish oppression: it includes the only account, so far as one can tell, of the execution of the metropolitan, and it is also of interest as an example of an Elizabethan licence to collect alms for charitable purposes.
Melanchthon, Theologian of Ecumenism
Authors: Meyer Carl S. 
Published: March 2011

On 22 February 1546 Martin Luther's body was laid to rest in the church at Wittenberg. Fourteen years and two months later Philip Melanchthon was interred at his side. In the funeral oration at the bier of Luther, Melanchthon included a prayer. It reads (in John Bale's translation, printed already in 1546):‘We thanke the omnipotent God, the eternal father of our lorde Jesus Christ, the onlye founder of thy true churche, togeyther with thy sonne vnto the coeternal, our lorde Jesus Christ, and the holye ghostye, wyse, good, mercyfull, rythouse, true, myghtye, and most liberall, that thu gatheryst vnto that sonne of thyne the promised herytage out of mankynde, and vpholdest the true mynysterye of thy Gospell, specyallye now that thu hast restored yt vnto vs by thy faythfull seruauvt Luther. The we most hartelye desyre, that from hens fourth thu wystaue to preserue and gouerne that true congregacyon of thyne, and that thu firmelye plante in vs the most sure doctyrne, lyke as Esaias desyered vnto hys dyscyples, and lighten our myndes with thy most holye sprete, that we maye both ryghtlye call vpon the, and also leade a godlye conuersacyon. Amen’.
The Judicial Activities of the General Chapters: I
Authors: Sayers Jane 
Published: March 2011

Within the papacy's jurisdiction of Western Christendom, the general chapter of each religious order replaced the Curia Romana, as the central legislative and judicial assembly. The text of the Promulgatio Chartae Charitatis elaborates this right of self-government and compares the hierarchy of the Cistercian order with that of the Roman Church:‘… sicut Christus Ecclesiam suam condidit sub Romano Pontifice, per quatuor Patriarchas, Archiepiscopos multos, sed plures ad hue Episcopos regendam; sic Cisterciensis ordo sub abbate Cistercii supremo capite, pro Episcopis abbates filios habeat, pro Archiepiscopis abbates quos patres vocant, pro Patriarchis primos illos quatuor, per quos in charitate radicatus, ac mutuis inter se officiis devinctus, sine alius interventu regeretur …’.
The Origins of the Parish Mission in England and the Early Passionist Apostolate, 1840–1850
Authors: Charles Conrad 
Published: March 2011

The history of the Parish Mission in England begins with a petition addressed to pope Gregory XVI by Monsignor Wiseman at the end of January 1840.In this document, Mgr. Wiseman expressed his belief that the situation in England gave well-founded hopes for the rapid propagation of the Roman Catholic faith, so long as favourable circumstances were seconded by energetic measures. He said that his own journeys throughout England, the opinion of the Vicars Apostolic, of the clergy and of the people, had confirmed him in his conviction that an Institute of missionary priests would be most efficacious, even necessary, if this rapid growth of Catholicism was to become a reality.
Golightly and Newman, 1824–1845
Authors: Greaves R. W. 
Published: March 2011

‘Without me’, wrote John Henry Newman in 1869, ‘Golightly would not have come to Oxford, and he was my chief persecutor.’Charles Pourtales Golightly was born in 1807, and died on Christmas Day 1885. He was thus six years younger than Newman, and died some five years before him, but not too soon to see him made a cardinal. Like Newman, Golightly had on his mother's side a Huguenot ancestry. He went to school at Eton, which he thought a vile place. He travelled in Europe, and stayed in Rome, where he relished the society of cardinals. In 1824 he matriculated at Oriel College Oxford. In 1828 he proceeded B.A., in 1830 M.A. But for his ample means, he might (it was said) have been elected into the brilliant company of Fellows of Oriel. Though various well-meaning persons pulled strings to establish the young Golightly in a benefice, he never received any ecclesiastical appointment except one or two curacies.
Bishops and Presbyters at Alexandria
Authors: Kemp Eric Waldram 
Published: March 2011

At the end of the fourth century a theory is found in the works of several writers to the effect that the episcopate and the presbyterate are essentially one order, differentiated only by the presiding function of the bishop and the reservation to him of the right of ordination. In the East this view is expressed in the homilies of St. John Chrysostom on I Timothy where he says:‘Discoursing of bishops, and having described their character, and the qualities which they ought to possess, and having passed over the order of presbyters, he proceeds to that of deacons. The reason of this omission was, that between presbyters and bishops there was no great difference. Both had undertaken the office of teachers and presidents in the Church, and what he has said concerning bishops is applicable to presbyters. For they are only superior in having the power of ordination, and seem to have no other advantage over presbyters.’
An unusual presentation of epilepsy
Authors: Uddin F J , Nogueira C , Sama A 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:To report a case of fluctuating hearing due to auditory aura, as an unusual presentation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods:Case report and review of English language literature on temporal lobe epilepsy and auditory aura.Results:A 31-year-old man presented with intermittent symptoms of bilateral fullness in the ears associated with deafness. He was subsequently diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy. Further enquiry revealed a family history of epilepsy.Conclusion:Auditory aura as a presentation of temporal lobe epilepsy is rarely encountered in otolaryngological practice. This case highlights the importance of obtaining detailed information on epilepsy, including any family history of epilepsy, as a routine part of history-taking in patients presenting with fluctuating hearing loss.
European comparisons between mental health services
Authors: Wahlbeck K. 
Published: March 2011

When developing accessible, affordable and effective mental health systems, exchange of data between countries is an important moving force towards better mental health care. Unfortunately, health information systems in most countries are weak in the field of mental health, and comparability of data is low.Special international data collection exercises, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) Atlas Project and the WHO Baseline Project have provided valuable insights in the state of mental health systems in countries, but such single-standing data collections are not sustainable solutions. Improvements in routine data collection are urgently needed. The European Commission has initiated major improvements to ensure harmonized and comprehensive health data collection, by introducing the European Community Health Indicators set and the European Health Interview Survey. However, both of these initiatives lack strength in the field of mental health. The neglect of the need for relevant and valid comparable data on mental health systems is in conflict with the importance of mental health for European countries and the objectives of the ‘Europe 2020’ strategy.The need for valid and comparable mental health services data is today addressed only by single initiatives, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development work to establish quality indicators for mental health care. Real leadership in developing harmonized mental health data across Europe is lacking. A European Mental Health Observatory is urgently needed to lead development and implementation of monitoring of mental health and mental health service provision in Europe.
Effectiveness of Continuity-of-Care Programs to reduce time in hospital in persons with schizophrenia
Authors: Suárez M. Alonso , Bravo-Ortiz M.F. , Fernández-Liria A. , González-Juárez C. 
Published: March 2011

Aims.To assess the impact of the Continuity-of-Care Program (CCP; a clinical case management model) on hospital use of persons with schizophrenia in three Community Mental Health Services in Madrid (Spain).Methods.Using data provided by the Psychiatric Case Register, we analyzed the use of hospitalization in 250 individuals before and after the date of inclusion in this program.Results.During the first year after launching the program, there was a 40–69% reduction in the number of admissions, length of each hospital stay, proportion of admitted patients, total number of days in-hospital, proportion of patients visiting the emergency room, and emergency room visits. This drop was maintained over the subsequent 3 years of program functioning.Conclusions.These results encourage the development and implementation of such programs, even though more studies evaluating the effectiveness of these programs for other endpoints are needed.
Principles for the post-GWAS functional characterisation of risk loci
Authors: Casey Graham , Liu Pengyuan , De Biasi Mariella , Tichelaar Jay , Carlson Chris , Vikis Haris , Duggan Dave , You Ming , Mills Ian , Freedman Matthew , Monteiro Alvaro , Gayther Simon , Coetzee Gerhard , Risch Angela , James Michael , Plass Christoph 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral challenges lie ahead in assigning functionality to susceptibility SNPs. For example, most effect sizes are small relative to effects seen in monogenic diseases, with per allele odds ratios usually ranging from 1.15 to 1.3. It is unclear whether current molecular biology methods have enough resolution to differentiate such small effects. Our objective here is therefore to provide a set of recommendations to optimize the allocation of effort and resources in order to maximize the chances of elucidating the functional contribution of specific loci to the disease phenotype. It has been estimated that 88% of currently identified disease-associated SNPs are intronic or intergenic. Thus, in this paper we will focus our attention on the analysis of non-coding variants and outline a hierarchical approach for post-GWAS functional studies.