bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketisation, ownership and digitalisation strategies in the sport industry – generic insights and future research
Authors: Venkitachalam Krishna , Schwartz Birgitta , Söderman Sten 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe motivation for this paper is to provide a deeper understanding of some of the important and trending topics in the sport industry. Besides this, to consider the changing landscape of ownership, strategies and organisation of several types of sports in the contemporary environment, there is a need for deeper contextual knowledge of how different sport/s, leagues, clubs, associations, teams etc. own, organise and strategise at local to national to regional to international contexts.Design/methodology/approachThis paper introduces the special issue on the sport industry that welcomes three interesting contributions of focusing on the important themes related to the sport industry. They include (1) digital transformation and needed capabilities, (2) fan engagement in a digital way using social media and finally (3) the relevance and relation of social capital in the organisational strategy of sports organisations.FindingsFour generic insights related to the themes and emerging trends in marketisation, ownership and digitalisation strategies in the sport industry are introduced in this paper. The first insight is that sports digitalisation and politicisation significantly impact the strategising, organising and networking activities of sports owners to foster value capture. Secondly, owners’ performance duality of marketisation of their sports clubs and vested business interests unravels the paradoxes of idealism and profit-maximisation. Thirdly, individual sports stars position themselves as an influential platform of value creation through on-field performance, social engagement and self-interests. Finally, the fourth insight is that the dual aims of sporting on-field success and profit making of large capital-funded sports clubs endanger the autonomy and governance of sports bodies/associations and an equitable sporting competition environment.Originality/valueThis paper provides an overview and reflections on the contributions of the papers in this special issue. The papers give different perspectives on how sport has been influenced by the development in society (1) with increasing digitalisation influencing organising of sport clubs and strategies for engaging fans, and (2) the influence of marketisation and politics in ownership strategies. As such, four insightful reflections are developed based on the originality of the contributions and the related extant literature presented on the themes of marketisation, ownership and digitalisation of the sport industry.
The investigation of employee voice behavior – from the perspective of social media use in China
Authors: Ding Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2024

PurposeEnterprises use social media for their daily work. The use of social media in the workplace is crucial for social connections, the growth and evolution of the enterprise, and it opens up new avenues for voice behavior. Employee voice involves the expression of ideas or opinions towards enterprise and is beneficial for employee work and enterprise development. Extant studies of voice behavior usually focus on the leadership and employee factors. However, the internal mechanism of voice behavior, especially the interrelationship between different kinds of social media use and voice behavior has not been well investigated. To fill that research gap, this study analyzes the internal mechanism of voice behavior, taking the effects of social media use and social capital into consideration.Design/methodology/approachUsing structural equation model, this study collected data from employees using social media and analyzed the data using the software of Smartpls 3.0, SPSS and AMOS, in order to analyze the internal mechanism of voice behavior among employees.FindingsBased on social capital theory, this study investigates the relationship between social media use, social capital and voice behavior, and provides some insights into the mechanism of voice behavior. The social media use, social capital and voice behavior are divided into several kinds in order to clarify the internal mechanism of voice behavior more comprehensively. The empirical results show that: (1) Social media use for both work and social-related purposes could positively affect employees’ promotive and prohibitive voice behaviors. (2) Social capital mediates the relationship between social media use and voice behavior. (3) In the process of social media use influencing employees’ voice behavior, employees of different genders and ages show significant differences in social capital and voice behavior.Originality/valueThis study explored the internal mechanism of voice behavior, which could help to elicit the relationship between social media use and voice behavior. By integrating the roles of social capital, individual differences, this study could uncover the deep internal mechanism of employee voice behavior more comprehensively, broadening social capital theory and enriching the researches of voice behavior among employees.
Carry‐over effects of seasonal migration on reproductive success through breeding site retention in a partially migratory bird
Authors: Morinay Jennifer , Daunt Francis , Morley Tim I. , Fenn Sarah R. , Burthe Sarah J. , Reid Jane M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Understanding the maintenance and dynamics of phenotypic polymorphisms requires unpicking key ecological mechanisms shaping the fitness costs and benefits of expressing alternative phenotypes, generating selection. Seasonal migration versus year‐round residence expressed in partially migratory populations represents one common polymorphism that can experience strong selection through differential reproductive success. Yet, key hypothesised pathways that could generate such selection remain to be empirically tested.

One hypothesis is that migratory tactics affect subsequent reproductive success through carry‐over effects on breeding site retention and resulting breeding dispersal. By remaining in breeding areas all year round, residents could retain their preferred breeding site between years, and consequently have higher reproductive success. Conversely, migrants that escape harsh non‐breeding season conditions could return in better condition, with high resource holding potential, and outcompete residents to retain their site. Such effects could further depend on migration timing and vary between years. Yet, such pathways have not been quantified, precluding empirical parameterisation of partial migration theory.

We used 4 years of breeding and non‐breeding season data from partially migratory European shags (Gulosus aristotelis) to test whether the three most frequent migratory tactics in this population (full resident, early migrant departing soon after breeding, and late migrant departing in late autumn) differed in their breeding site retention; whether site retention predicted reproductive success; and hence whether effects of migratory tactic on reproductive success were explicable through site retention.

Overall, residents were much more likely to retain their breeding site between years than both early and late migrants, and site retention was associated with increased reproductive success. Yet, these effects varied somewhat among years: late migrants were always least likely to retain their site but had variable relative reproductive success. Path analyses revealed that effects of migratory tactic on reproductive success were only partly attributable to breeding site retention.

These results indicate that multiple mechanisms underlie reproductive selection on migratory tactics, potentially contributing to maintaining behavioural polymorphisms. Yet, the clear associations between migratory tactics and local breeding dispersal reveal that these movements can be strongly interlinked across seasons, shaping overall spatioseasonal dynamics in partially migratory systems.
The climate crisis, policy distraction and support for fuel taxation
Authors: GENSCHEL PHILIPP , LIMBERG JULIAN , SEELKOPF LAURA 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe climate crisis looms but support for fuel taxation is low. How to boost support? The obvious way is to make the connection to the climate crisis explicit. Many observers fear, however, that policy myopia renders this strategy ineffective: As the consequences of the climate crisis are long‐term and insecure, people are loath to pay for costly countermeasures in the short term. We look at policy distraction as a second potential drag. We argue that climate crisis‐induced support for fuel taxation can also be undermined by other salient events which divert attention. To test our argument, we conduct a large‐scale survey experiment with more than 21,000 respondents in 17 European countries. Our results show that a simple climate crisis prime raises support for fuel taxation by 12 percentage points. The effect decreases but remains substantial when stressing the long time horizon of the climate crisis. It almost disappears when other current crises (COVID‐19 and Russian military aggression) are mentioned. Thus, distraction by concurrent events is a serious impediment to mobilising support for fuel taxation.
How political and social constituent traits affect the responsiveness of legislators: A Comparative Field Experiment
Authors: SCHAKEL WOUTER , BAUMANN MARKUS , BOLET DIANE , CAMPBELL ROSIE , LOUWERSE TOM , ZITTEL THOMAS 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA growing body of literature investigates whether legislators show biases in their constituency communication contingent upon constituent traits. However, we know little about whether and how findings of unequal responsiveness generalize across countries (beyond the United States) and across different traits. We address both issues using a pre‐registered comparative field experiment conducted in Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, in which fictitious citizens (varied by ethnicity, social class and partisan affiliation) inquired about legislators’ policy priorities regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our pooled analysis reveals that co‐partisanship and class both increase the responsiveness of legislators while we find no effect for ethnicity. The effect sizes we find are small, but comparable to earlier studies and also noteworthy in view of our hard test design. Our exploratory analyses further corroborate the lack of discrimination against ethnic minority constituents in showing no intersectionality effects, that is, interactions between ethnic‐minority and low‐class identities. This exploratory step also addresses the country specific differences that we find. We speculate about plausible underlying party system effects that we, however, cannot substantiate due to statistical limitations. This important issue requires further attention in future research.
Analysis of unknown (unlabeled/mislabeled) drug products for active pharmaceutical ingredients and related substances by an international mail facility satellite laboratory equipped with rapid screening devices
Authors: Lanzarotta Adam , Kern Sara , Batson JaCinta , Collins Melissa , Patel Anvi , Altaf Muhammad , Arrecis Julio , Boyd Brian , Gonzalez Illan Fernando , Griffin Kelsey M. , Howe Gregory , Hudson‐Davis Morgan , Kimani Martin , LaGarde Donna , Laguerre David , Loh Mark , Lorenz Lisa , Morales‐Garcia Flavia , Sterling Megan E. , Reimer Allison M. , Thatcher Michael , Wetherby Anthony E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo chemists employed a three‐device rapid screening “toolkit” consisting of a handheld Raman spectrometer, transportable mass spectrometer, and portable Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrometer at an international mail facility (IMF) satellite laboratory to examine unknown (unlabeled/mislabeled) products for the presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Phase I of this project previously demonstrated that this toolkit was the most effective collection of instruments for identifying APIs in product types collected at IMFs during a nationwide mail blitz and Phase II of this project previously demonstrated that results generated using the toolkit during a satellite laboratory pilot program were as reliable as those generated by a full‐service library when two or more of these instruments identify an API. This study (Phase III) described the results of the satellite laboratory toolkit during production mode and encompassed the period ranging from June 2021 through December 2022. During this study, a total of 858 products were examined on‐site at the IMF. The satellite laboratory yielded conclusive results for 726 (84.6%) products, which were used to support regulatory action, and identified 132 (15.4%) products that required additional full‐service laboratory analyses due to inconclusive results. The satellite and full‐service laboratory verified/confirmed at least one API/related substance in 617 (71.9%) products. A total of 709 APIs/related substances were found in the 617 products, and 202 of these 709 compounds were unique/different. Overall, during Phases I through III of this program, 350 different substances have been identified in products collected at IMFs.
Efficiency of therapeutic plasma exchange in critically ill systemic rheumatologic diseases: A single‐center 9‐year experience
Authors: Guo Jing , Huang Xiaolong , Li Jianhua , Zhang Xiaorong , Zhong Ping , Lu Guiyang , Wang Xinxin , Luo Weiyuan , Ning Yaogui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), an effective method to eliminate harmful soluble mediators associated with tissue injury, serves as a crucial intervention for systemic rheumatologic diseases (SRDs). However, its value in critically ill SRDs remains uncertain. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of TPE in SRDs.MethodsCritically ill SRD patients admitted to the department of intensive care unit of a large tertiary hospital receiving TPE from January 2011 to December 2019 were included.ResultsA total of 91 critically ill SRD patients received TPE were enrolled. Their mean age was 47.67 ± 16.35 years with a female predominance (n = 68). Significant decrease in SOFA score post‐TPE treatment was observed (p < 0.05). There were no TPE‐related fatalities. Improvement was observed in 64 (70.32%) patients.ConclusionThis study shows favorable clinical outcomes. TPE may be an acceptable treatment option for critically ill SRD patients.
Steam distillation process for flavor enhancement of milk coffee: Effects of condensation temperature on volatile compounds and flavor characteristics
Authors: Shinichiro Hatakeyama , Masayuki Akiyama , Takuya Yamaguchi , Daisho Yoshihara , Atsushige Fujita , Kana Takahashi , Miki Maruya , Mito Kokawa , Yutaka Kitamura 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo enhance the flavor characteristics of milk coffee, steam distillation was applied to roasted ground coffee to obtain extracts that were then added to the hot water extract of the residue. The effects of different condensation temperatures for steam distillation on the volatile compounds of condensates and the flavor characteristics of the milk coffees prepared with each condensate were investigated. The volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the mean peak areas of the volatiles that showed significant differences between the samples. The five types of milk coffees prepared with/without condensates were evaluated by consumer panelists using the check‐all‐that‐apply question combined with the milk coffee flavor lexicon. The results showed that the concentration of volatile compounds tended to be higher in response to decreasing condensation temperature in steam distillation. The volatile compounds were grouped into four patterns based on their concentration in the condensates, which was affected by the volatility of the compounds and the duration of the condensation process in steam distillation. PCA clarified the characteristic volatile compounds that contribute to differences between the three condensates. The check‐all‐that‐apply results indicated that the samples prepared with the condensates enhanced some specific coffee flavors, although acceptances for them were not enhanced. Implementing a steam distillation step in the milk coffee production process could lead to enhancing the coffee flavor strength of milk coffee products, and changing the condensation temperature for steam distillation was effective for providing different flavor characteristics of milk coffee.Practical ApplicationChanging the condensation temperature for steam distillation is effective in differentiating the flavor characteristics of milk coffee. Increasing the condensation temperature resulted in decreased concentrations of volatile compounds, which enhanced the milk and rich flavor. Decreasing the condensation temperature resulted in increased concentrations of volatile compounds, which provided a stronger coffee flavor to the milk coffee, possibly leading to a reduction in the use of coffee for milk coffee production. The check‐all‐that‐apply question combined with the milk coffee flavor lexicon could effectively evaluate consumers’ perceptions of the milk coffee flavor characteristics and their acceptances in a single survey.
Anticontract
Authors: Waddilove D. P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractShould a court ever second‐guess a contract, ignoring what the parties said and imposing something different? Contractual purists insist that the answer is no. But the messy nature of reality counsels otherwise. We have long appreciated that creating a “complete” contract, one that efficiently treats every potentially relevant contingency, is impossible. In particular, systematic risks that affect the entire economy fall beyond contract's realistic reach. When such events occur, they upset contractual frameworks, leaving parties shackled with obligations suited to a world that never came to be. At least in that context, second‐guessing is vital. And that second‐guessing can be understood according to a concept called anticontract. When systematic risks fundamentally upend contractual frameworks, this inversion of contract's basic principles paradoxically fulfills contract's goals. Anticontract does the opposite of all that contract law does: it adjusts rather than enforces; it looks ex post rather than ex ante; it prioritizes the public rather than the parties; and it provides no general rules, only particular results. It operates, in short, irregularly rather than regularly. In the face of realized systematic risks, anticontract thus paradoxically fulfills contract's goals by doing contract's opposite. In so doing, it redistributes losses to those most able to bear them at the microlevel, curing macroeconomic ills at their source. In essence, it creates social insurance for systematic risks that private contract cannot manage. In all this, anticontract can be understood as an instance of a broader phenomenon, the completion of law through equity. Anticontract thus represents an important way to understand the limits of contract and when to violate the principles of contract law.
Generalist southern African temperate forest canopy tree species have distinct pollinator communities partially predicted by floral traits
Authors: Swart Rudi Crispin , Geerts Sjirk , Pryke James Stephen , Coetzee Anina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractForest canopies provide important resources for insect communities via flowers. Yet, pollination systems of tall forest trees are poorly studied, resulting from the difficulties in observing pollinator activity at the canopy level and great temporal variation in flower production. In temperate forest canopies of the southern hemisphere, small, whitish and generalist flowers seem to dominate. Here, we observed insect flower visitors, at the canopy level, to four southern Afrotemperate forest tree species bearing small, white to green flowers in a large, indigenous forest. Additionally, we quantified flower traits and collected pollen from representative insect visitors. A total of 105 insect species, from 48 families and 7 orders, were observed visiting flowers. In terms of total flower visits, the generalist Cape honey bee (Apis mellifera capensis) made up ca. 57% of all flower visits. A third of the total observation time covered crepuscular to nocturnal flower visits; yet only 12.68% of total visits took place during this time. Interestingly, despite both trees and insects being largely generalist in their interactions with one another (supported by the presence of conspecific and heterospecific pollen on most flower visitors), some insect species showed strong preferences for specific species of tree, driving dissimilar, interspecific assemblages of flower visitors. The pollinator community disparity may be explained through the unique and dissimilar floral traits for each tree species, both in flower size and in petal reflectance. We conclude that within generalist pollination systems, distinct and non‐random mutualisms can develop between different species of plants and a diverse suite of pollinators, and that floral traits could partially predict such interactions.
Impact of plant diversity and management intensity on magnitude and stability of productivity in North American grazing lands
Authors: Sonnier Grégory , Augustine David J. , Paudel Shishir , Porensky Lauren M. , Silveira Maria , Toledo David , Azad Shefali , Boughton Raoul K. , Browning Dawn M. , Clark Patrick E. , Fay Philip A. , Kaplan Nicole , Thibault Kate M. , Swain Hilary M. , Veum Kristen S. , Boughton Elizabeth H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuestionsGrasslands provide important provisioning services worldwide and their management has consequences for these services. Management intensification is a widespread land‐use change and has accelerated across North America to meet rising demands on productivity, yet its impact on the relationship between plant diversity and productivity is still unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between plant diversity and grassland productivity across nine ecoclimatic domains of the continental United States. We also tested the effect of management intensification on diversity and productivity in four case studies.MethodsWe acquired remotely sensed gross primary productivity data (GPP, 1986–2018) and plant diversity data measured at different spatial scales (1, 10, 100, 400 m2), as well as climate variables including the Palmer drought index from two ecological networks. We used general linear mixed models to relate GPP to plant diversity across sites. For the case study analysis, we used linear mixed models to relate plant diversity to management intensity, and tested if the management intensity influenced the relationship between GPP (mean and temporal variation) and drought.ResultsAcross all sites, we observed positive relationships among species richness, productivity, and the temporal stability of mean annual biomass production. These relationships were not affected by the scale at which species richness was observed. In three out of the four case studies, we observed that management effects on species richness were only significant at broader scales (i.e., ≥10 m2) with no clear effect found at the commonly used 1‐m2 quadrat scale. In one case study, species‐poor, intensively managed pastures presented the highest productivity but were more sensitive to dry conditions than less intensified pastures. However, in other case studies, we did not observe significant effects of management intensity on the magnitude or stability of productivity.ConclusionsGeneralization across studies may be difficult and require the development of intensification indices general enough to be applied across diverse management strategies in grazilands. Understanding how management intensification affects grassland productivity will inform the development of sustainable intensification strategies.