bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Status and A1C Change
Authors: Demmer Ryan T. , Desvarieux Moïse , Holtfreter Birte , Jacobs David R. , Wallaschofski Henri , Nauck Matthias , Völzke Henry , Kocher Thomas 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Infection may be a type 2 diabetes risk factor. Periodontal disease is a chronic infection. We hypothesized that periodontal disease was related to A1C progression in diabetes-free participants.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) is a population-based cohort in Germany including 2,973 diabetes-free participants (53% women; aged 20–81 years). Participants were categorized into four groups according to increasing baseline periodontal disease levels (percentage of sites per mouth with attachment loss ≥5 mm, determined a priori); sample sizes for each respective category were 1,122, 488, 463, and 479 (241 participants were edentulous). Mean absolute changes (year 5 minus baseline) in A1C (ΔA1C) were regressed across periodontal categories while adjusting for confounders (e.g., age, sex, smoking, obesity, physical activity, and family history).

RESULTS
Across baseline periodontal disease categories, ΔA1C ± SEM values were 0.023 ± 0.02, 0.023 ± 0.02, 0.065 ± 0.03, and 0.106 ± 0.03 (Ptrend = 0.02), yielding an approximate fivefold increase in the absolute difference in ΔA1C when dentate participants in the highest versus lowest periodontal disease category were compared; these results were markedly stronger among participants with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥1.0 mg/l (Pinteraction = 0.01). When individuals who had neither baseline periodontal disease nor deterioration in periodontal status at 5 years were compared with individuals with both poor baseline periodontal health and longitudinal periodontal deterioration, mean ΔA1C values were 0.005 vs. 0.143% (P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
Periodontal disease was associated with 5-year A1C progression, which was similar to that observed for a 2-SD increase in either waist-to-hip ratio or age in this population.
Oral Insulin: A Comparison With Subcutaneous Regular Human Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kapitza Christoph , Zijlstra Eric , Heinemann Lutz , Castelli M. Cristina , Riley Gary , Heise Tim 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of an oral insulin (OI) formulation compared with subcutaneously injected regular human insulin (RHI).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ten male patients with type 2 diabetes (means ± SD; A1C 7.0 ± 1.1%; BMI 28.3 ± 2.7 kg/m2) received either 300 units of insulin combined with 400 mg of delivery agent orally or 15 units RHI subcutaneously under isoglycemic clamp conditions.

RESULTS
Maximum insulin concentration was greater and onset of action was faster with OI (Cmax 93 ± 71 vs. 33 ± 11 μU/ml; AUCGIR(0−1h) 173 ± 86 vs. 27 ± 32 mg/kg; P &lt; 0.05). Mean insulin concentration and glucose infusion rate returned to baseline within 3 h after OI administration. Relative bioavailability of OI was 7 ± 4% (1st 2 h).

CONCLUSIONS
This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that absorption of OI is feasible under fasting conditions. OI has a fast onset and a short duration of action but also shows a rather high between-subject variability in absorption.
Racial Disparities in the Treatment of Depression in Low-Income Persons With Diabetes
Authors: Osborn Chandra Y. , Trott Hollister W. , Buchowski Maciej S. , Patel Kushal A. , Kirby Leslie D. , Hargreaves Margaret K. , Blot William J. , Cohen Sarah S. , Schlundt David G. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Individuals with diabetes are at higher risk for depression than the general population. Although depression can be treated with antidepressant medications, patients with diabetes and comorbid depression often go untreated. The goal of this study was to examine racial disparities in the treatment of depression with antidepressant medication in the southeastern U.S.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cross-sectional data were collected at baseline from 69,068 participants (71% African American, 60% female, and 82% with incomes &lt;$25,000) recruited from community health centers and enrolled in the Southern Cohort Community Study (SCCS). The SCCS is a prospective epidemiological cohort study designed to explore causes of health disparities in adults aged 40–79 years. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with antidepressant use among those with diabetes (n = 14,279).

RESULTS
Individuals with diagnosed diabetes (14,279) were classified with no depressive symptoms (54.7%), or with mild (24.2%), moderate (12.8%), or severe depressive symptoms (8.3%). After controlling for sex, age, insurance, income, education, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and level of depression, African Americans with diabetes were much less likely to report taking antidepressant medication than whites (adjusted odds ratio 0.32 [95% CI 0.29–0.35], P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Antidepressant use is much less common among African Americans than among whites with diabetes. Reasons for racial disparities in treatment of depressive symptoms are unclear but may include a combination of differential diagnosis and treatment by health professionals as well as cultural differences in seeking help for emotional distress.
Depression and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Pearson Sue , Schmidt Mike , Patton George , Dwyer Terry , Blizzard Leigh , Otahal Petr , Venn Alison 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between depressive disorder and insulin resistance in a sample of young adults using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to ascertain depression status.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cross-sectional data were collected from 1,732 participants aged between 26 and 36 years. Insulin resistance was derived from blood chemistry measures of fasting insulin and glucose using the homeostasis model assessment method. Those identified with mild, moderate, or severe depression were classified as having depressive disorder.

RESULTS
The 12-month prevalence of depressive disorder was 5.4% among men and 11.7% among women. In unadjusted models mean insulin resistance was 17.2% (95% CI 0.7–36.0%, P = 0.04) higher in men and 11.4% (1.5–22.0%, P = 0.02) higher in women with depressive disorder. After adjustment for behavioral and dietary factors, the increased level of insulin resistance associated with depressive disorder was 13.2% (−3.1 to 32.3%, P = 0.12) in men and 6.1% (−4.1 to 17.4%, P = 0.25) in women. Waist circumference was identified as a mediator in the relationship between depression and insulin resistance, reducing the β coefficient in the fully adjusted models in men by 38% and in women by 42%.

CONCLUSIONS
A positive association was found between depressive disorder and insulin resistance in this population-based sample of young adult men and women. The association seemed to be mediated partially by waist circumference.
No Ljungan Virus RNA in Stool Samples From the Norwegian Environmental Triggers of Type 1 Diabetes (MIDIA) Cohort Study
Authors: Tapia German , Cinek Ondrej , Rasmussen Trond , Grinde Bjørn , Rønningen Kjersti S. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVELjungan virus (LjV) has been proposed as a potential environmental factor for type 1 diabetes. The objective was to test for any association of LjV with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA nested case-control design was used to test for any association between the development of pre-diabetic autoimmunity and presence of LjV in stool samples (n = 3,803) in the Norwegian Environmental Triggers of Type 1 Diabetes (MIDIA) study. The children followed were 27 infants who developed pre-diabetic autoimmunity during or shortly after the sampling period, 54 matched control subjects, and 94 other children.RESULTSNo LjV RNA was detected.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate that LjV is rare in young children. LjV does not seem to be involved in the development of human type 1 diabetes.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV and Incident Diabetes
Authors: Luft Vivian C. , Schmidt Maria Inês , Pankow James S. , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Couper David , Heiss Gerardo , Duncan Bruce B. ,   for the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Investigators
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is not only important in β-cell function but also has proinflammatory actions. We aimed to investigate whether it could act as a link between low-grade chronic inflammation and diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using a case-cohort design, we followed 546 middle-aged individuals who developed diabetes and 538 who did not over ∼9 years within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

RESULTS
In weighted analyses, the correlation between DPP-IV levels and anthropometric, inflammatory, or metabolic variables was minimal (Spearman correlations &lt;0.11). Those who developed diabetes had mean DPP-IV values similar to those who did not (P = 0.18). Individuals in the highest quartile of DPP-IV were not at greater risk of diabetes (hazard ratio 0.88 [95% CI 0.62–1.24]) in Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for age, sex, race, study center, and multiple additional diabetes risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS
Fasting DPP-IV levels do not appear to predict incident diabetes.
Markers of Oxidative Damage Are Not Elevated in Otherwise Healthy Individuals With the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Seet Raymond C.-S. , Lee Chung-Yung J. , Lim Erle C.H. , Quek Amy M.L. , Huang Shan-Hong , Khoo Chin-Meng , Halliwell Barry 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
The role of oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is poorly understood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A detailed cross-sectional study was performed to assess the relationship between lipid oxidation products, γ-glutamyltransferase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and phospholipase activities with respect to the metabolic status in a cohort of otherwise healthy individuals.

RESULTS
A total of 179 individuals (87 men and 92 women) aged 43 ± 14 years (mean ± SD) participated in this study. There were no differences in the levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, cholesterol oxidation products, and phospholipase activities in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome. In multivariate analyses, serum hs-CRP was a consistent independent predictor of metabolic syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS
Minimal changes were observed in multiple markers of oxidative damage in a well-characterized cohort of individuals with features of metabolic syndrome.
Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Predicts Progression to Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Nielsen Stine Elkjaer , Sugaya Takeshi , Hovind Peter , Baba Tsuneharu , Parving Hans-Henrik , Rossing Peter 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (u-LFABP) is a marker of tubulointerstitial inflammation and has been shown to be increased in patients with type 1 diabetes and is further increased in patients who progress to micro- and macroalbuminuria. Our aim was to evaluate u-LFABP as a predictor of progression to micro- and macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From an inception cohort of 277 patients, u-LFABP, adjusted for urinary creatinine (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), was measured in 24-h urine samples from 165 normoalbuminuric patients 9.6 ± 3.5 (mean ±SD) years after onset of type 1 diabetes. The outcome measured was development of persistent micro- or macroalbuminuria or death.

RESULTS
Patients were followed for a median of 18 (range 1–19) years; 39 progressed to microalbuminuria, 8 of those progressed further to macroalbuminuria, and 24 died. In a Cox regression model, baseline log u-LFABP levels predicted the development of microalbuminuria, adjusted for known risk factors (sex, age, A1C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, albumin excretion rate, serum creatinine, and smoking) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.3 [95% CI 1.1–4.6]) and log u-LFABP predicted mortality (adjusted HR 3.0 [1.3–7.0]). u-LFABP (above versus below the median) predicted the development of macroalbuminuria (adjusted HR 2.6 [1.2–5.4]). As a continuous variable, u-LFABP tended to predict macroalbuminuria (HR 1.9, P = 0.2), but numbers were small.

CONCLUSIONS
High levels of the tubular inflammation marker u-LFABP predict the initiation and progression to diabetic nephropathy and all-cause mortality, independent of urinary albumin excretion rate and other established risk factors.
Lung Cancer and Pulmonary Tuberculosis - A Comparative Population-Genetic Study
Authors: Pešut D , Marinkovic D 
Published: February 2010

Lung Cancer and Pulmonary Tuberculosis - A Comparative Population-Genetic StudySeveral host genes proven to contribute to active tuberculosis (TB) and some of the localized major susceptibility loci, which influence lung cancer (LC) risk, are of considerable scientific interest, but do not confer high enough risk to be clinically relevant. Assuming that these diseases are genetically controlled, we hypothesized that retreat from optimal homozygosity level, as well as a changed variability among the patients, could be the populationgenetic parameter for prediction of illness. We performed a homozygous-recessive-characters (HRCs) test based analysis of the presence, distribution and individual combination of 23 selected genetically-controlled morpho-physiological traits in groups of LC patients, patients with pulmonary TB and healthy control subjects. This study showed: i) a statistically significant difference of the middle values of genetic homozygosity between both patients groups and the control group, ii) differences in the type of distribution, and iii) differences in the presence of certain individual combinations of such traits. The frequency of blood group O was significantly decreased in the TB group compared to the general population. According to their population-genetic structure, LC patients, TB patients and healthy controls represent three different groups. The retreat from optimal homozygosity level towards decrease that we found in both LC and TB patients support the influence of a dominant factor in development of these diseases.
Cholangitis of Pancreatitis? Does the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotype Favor Either?
Authors: Kasap E , Akyıldız M , Akarca U 
Published: February 2010

Cholangitis of Pancreatitis? Does the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotype Favor Either?Acute cholangitis and pancreatitis are serious complications of gallstones, with considerable morbidity and mortality. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an exopeptidase that is important in regulating blood pressure, metabolizing bradykinin and in maintaining an inflammatory response. To determine whether the ACE genotype determines occurrence of cholangitis or pancreatitis we examined ACE I/D genotypes in 31 patients who had cholangitis, 44 patients with biliary pancreatitis and 157 healthy individuals. The patients had been hospitalized at the Department and Intensive Care Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. The patients were recalled 4 years later and their prognosis was evaluated. The ACE II genotype was found at a higher frequency in the cholangitis and biliary pancreatitis patients when compared with the healthy subjects (p <0.05). There was no significant difference between cholangitis and biliary pancreatitis cases regarding the genotype and allele distribution (p>0.05). Recurrence of infection occurred more frequently in the patients with the DD genotype, although it was not significant according to the first assessment (p>0.05). The ACE gene polymorphism did not seem to favor development of either cholangitis or pancreatitis.
Two Patients with X Chromosome Duplication: dupXp and dupXq
Authors: Ozer O , Yilmaz Z , Simsek E , Derbent M , Guner S , Sahin F 
Published: February 2010

Two Patients with X Chromosome Duplication: dupXp and dupXqStructural abnormalities of the X chromosome may lead to different phenotypes, depending on the chromosome region affected. We report phenotypic findings of two patients who had X chromosome duplications. One had a menstrual irregularity, a low hairline, cubitus valgus and suffered from dyslexia. The other had multiple congenital anomalies, severe mental-motor retardation and intractable epilepsy. The karyotypes were 46,X,dup(X) (p11.3p21) and 46,X,dup(X)(q13q25) respectively.
MYH Associated Polyposis with a p.Tyr165Cys Mutation in a Moroccan Patient
Authors: Laarabi F , Jaouad I , El Kerch F , Sefiani A 
Published: February 2010

MYH Associated Polyposis with a p.Tyr165Cys Mutation in a Moroccan PatientRecessively inherited mutations in the base excision repair gene MYH are related to MYH-associated polyposis (MAP). We report a Moroccan patient who carried the mutation p.Tyr165Cys. Genetic testing for MYH mutations should have important implications for accurate genetic counseling, and cancer surveillance for patients with colorectal cancers and their family members in Morocco.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Paecilomyces Lilacinus as Biological Control Agent of Meloidogyne Incognita Attacking Tomato
Authors: Oclarit Elvira , Cumagun Christian 
Published: February 2010

Evaluation of Efficacy of Paecilomyces Lilacinus as Biological Control Agent of Meloidogyne Incognita Attacking Tomato
The efficacy of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain UP1 as biological control agent of Meloidogyne incognita attacking tomato was evaluated under screenhouse condition pot experiments. P. lilacinus was formulated on rice substrate in powder form. Root weight, gall index rating, number of galls, egg masses and nematodes per one gram root sample were determined and per cent reduction in gall number was computed. Root weight and gall index ratings were significantly higher in untreated plants than those with P. lilacinus and with the commercial fungicide Nemacur. Number of galls, nematodes and egg masses per one gram root sample were significantly reduced by the application of P. lilacinus at all levels and this was comparable with Nemacur. However, egg mass count in plants treated with the lowest concentration of the biocontrol agent was not significantly different from the uninoculated control. Per cent reduction in gall number was the highest at treatment with 7.92 × 106 spores per ml of P. lilacinus.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Association to Disability of Clinical Test Findings Associated with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Authors: Cook Chad , Hegedus Eric , Hawkins Richard , Scovell Field , Wyland Doug 
Published: February 2010

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy and association to disability of selected functional findings or physical examination tests for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) in patients with anterior knee pain. Methods: A sample of 76 consecutive patients with anterior knee pain was further subdivided into PFPS and other diagnoses. Routine physical examination tests were examined in a prospective, consecutive-subjects design for a cohort of patients with anterior knee pain. Diagnostic accuracy findings, including sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value, and positive (LR+) and negative (LR−) likelihood ratios, were calculated for each test. PPV and NPV reflect the percentage of time of positive or a negative test (respectively) accurately captures the diagnosis of the condition. LR+ and LR− reflect alterations in post-test probability when the test is positive or negative (respectively). Lastly, associations to disability (International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective form) were calculated for each clinical finding. Results: Diagnostic accuracy analyses of individual functional assessment and situational phenomena suggest that the strongest diagnostic test is pain encountered during resisted muscle contraction of the knee (PPV=82%; LR+=2.2; 95% CI: 0.99–5.2). Clusters of test findings were substantially more diagnostic, with any two of three positive findings of muscle contraction, pain during squatting, and pain during palpation yielding the following values: PPV=89%; LR+=4.0 (95% CI: 1.8–10.3). No individual or clustered test findings were significantly associated with the IKDC score. Conclusion: Combinations of functional assessment tests and situational phenomena are diagnostic for PFPS and may serve to rule in and rule out the presence of PFPS. Single findings are not related to disability scores (IKDC).
Intradisciplinary Clinical Education for Physiotherapists and Physiotherapist Assistants: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jelley Wilma , Larocque Nathalie , Patterson Sarah 
Published: February 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the perceived impact of a paired 5-week clinical placement on physiotherapy (PT) and physiotherapist assistant (PTA) students' skills. Students were supervised by a PT clinical instructor (CI), and a collaborative peer-coaching model was used. Method: Three pairs of PT and PTA students participated in concurrent paired placements incorporating the concepts of reciprocal peer coaching and the 2:1 model of supervision. Qualitative data were gathered using pre- and post-placement interviews and the participants' journals. Results: The participants reported that using this clinical education model increased their self-directed learning. This outcome was anticipated by the researchers with the incorporation of the 2:1 model of supervision. The post-placement interviews also indicated that there was informal teaching among students, as expected from the integration of reciprocal peer coaching. Participants reported an improvement in the students' competencies in communication, consultation, and assignment of tasks within the physiotherapy team. The students further reported an increase in their confidence with regard to their respective roles and an improvement in their ability to work effectively within the physiotherapy team. Conclusion: As indicated by the comments and reviews of the participants, pairing PT and PTA students on clinical placements and incorporating a collaborative peer-coaching model can result in improvements in the students' skills in communication, consultation, and assignment of tasks.
Can We Identify People at Risk of Non-recovery after Acute Occupational Low Back Pain? Results of a Review and Higher-Order Analysis
Authors: Agnello Adrienne , Brown Tim , Desroches Sam , Welling Uma , Walton Dave 
Published: February 2010

Purpose: To identify prognostic factors in the literature that may predict a poor recovery from acute occupational low back pain (LBP). Methods: Four international databases (Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) were reviewed, searching all articles indexed up to November 2007 with the term low back pain combined with the terms prognostic, prospective, or cohort. Following application of inclusion criteria, 10 articles were found to be appropriate for data extraction. Each article was critically appraised by two independent reviewers. Statistical pooling was performed on any factor evaluated in at least three independent cohorts. Results: Seven cohorts were identified, with a total sample size of 2,484 subjects. Only three factors were followed in at least three cohorts and were therefore suitable for statistical pooling: female gender (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.03–1.58); pain radiation (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 0.79–2.39); and previous history of back pain (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.52–1.60). There was significant heterogeneity within the female gender factor; compensation of subjects for study participation appeared to moderate its effect. Conclusion: After statistical pooling, only female gender achieved statistical significance as a prognostic factor for prolonged recovery. Further research is necessary to determine prognostic factors for non-recovery in acute LBP.