bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global existence of weak solutions and weak–strong uniqueness for nonisothermal Maxwell–Stefan systems
*
Authors: Georgiadis Stefanos , Jüngel Ansgar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The dynamics of multicomponent gas mixtures with vanishing barycentric velocity is described by Maxwell–Stefan equations with mass diffusion and heat conduction. The equations consist of the mass and energy balances, coupled to an algebraic system that relates the partial velocities and driving forces. The global existence of weak solutions to this system in a bounded domain with no-flux boundary conditions is proved by using the boundedness-by-entropy method. A priori estimates are obtained from the entropy inequality which originates from the consistent thermodynamic modelling. Furthermore, a conditional weak–strong uniqueness property is shown by using the relative entropy method.
Self-driven ion deflectometry measurements using MeV fusion-driven protons and accelerated deuterons in the deuterated hybrid x-pinch on the MAIZE LTD generator
Authors: Munzar Vojtech , Dowhan George , Klir Daniel , Novotny Jan , Rezac Karel , Chen Joe , Cikhardt Jakub , Cikhardtova Balzima , Juras Vojtech , Jordan Nicholas , Kubes Pavel , Malir Jakub , Tafoya Landon , Turek Karel , McBride Ryan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We report on the results of point-projection ion deflectometry measurements from a mid-size university z-pinch experiment. A 1 MA 8 kJ LTD generator at the University of Michigan (called MAIZE) drove a hybrid x-pinch (HXP) with a deuterated polyethylene fiber load to produce a point-like source of MeV ions for backlighting. In these experiments, 2.7 MeV protons were generated by DD beam-target fusion reactions. Due to the kinematics of beam-target fusion, the proton energies were down-shifted from the more standard 3.02 MeV proton energy that is released from the center-of-mass rest frame of a DD reaction. In addition to the 2.7 MeV protons, strongly anisotropic beams of 3 MeV accelerated deuterons were detected by ion diagnostics placed at a radial distance of 90 mm from the x-pinch. Numerical reconstruction of experimental data generated by deflected hydrogen ion trajectories evaluated the total current in the vacuum load region. Numerical ion-tracking simulations show that accelerated deuteron beams exited the ion source region at large angles with respect to the pinch current direction.
Effect of the spin-orbit coupling and Hubbard corrections in predicting the electronic and magnetic properties of vacancy-ordered double perovskites A2WCl6 (A = Rb and Cs)
Authors: Touati Mourad , Zemouli Mostefa , Akil Zoheir , Saadaoui Fatiha , Meskine Mohamed , Boutaleb Habib , Amara Kadda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The structural, elastic, electronic, and magnetic properties of the vacancy ordered double perovskite compounds A2WCl6 (A = Rb, Cs) have been investigated within the full-potential linearized augmented plane waves (FP-LAPW) method. The structural properties in the cubic phase were examined and are consistent with the available experimental results. The materials are more stable in the ferromagnetic phase. The mechanical, dynamical and the thermodynamical stability have also been verified. The electronic and magnetic properties were first calculated by GGA-WC approximation, the studied materials are found to be half-metallic. Including Hubbard correction (U), the W-d states move towards higher energy enlarging the band gap in the spin-down channel. The spin–orbit coupling (SOC) was added to GGA-WC+U which reveal that these compounds behave as semiconductors in both spin channels. The density of states showed that the valence band is mainly characterized by the W-d together with Cl-p states while the conduction band is dominated by W-d and (Cs/Rb)-d states. The calculated properties present semiconducting ferromagnetic nature that is considered as necessary factor in spintronics applications.
Comprehensive design and analysis of thin film Sb2S3/CIGS tandem solar cell: TCAD simulation approach
Authors: Salem Marwa S , Shaker Ahmed , Aledaily Arwa N , Alanazi Adwan , A Al-Dhlan Kawther , Okil Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research presents a design and analysis of a tandem solar cell, combining thin film wide bandgap Sb2S3 (1.72 eV) and narrow bandgap CIGS (1.15 eV) for the top and bottom sub-cells, respectively. The integration of all thin film layers enhances flexibility, rendering the tandem solar cell suitable for applications such as wearable electronics. To optimize the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the tandem solar device, advanced technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation tools are employed to estimate loss mechanisms and fine-tune parameters for each layer. An experimentally validated optoelectronic model is introduced, calibrated and validated against fabricated reference solar cells for the individual top and bottom cells. The calibrated model is then utilized to propose optimization routines for the Sb2S3/CIGS tandem solar cell. The initial tandem cell exhibits a J
SC of 15.72 mA cm−2 and a PCE of 15.36%. The efficiency drop in the tandem configuration is identified primarily in the top cell. A systematic optimization process for the top cell is initiated, exploring various configurations, including HTL-free and ETL-free setups. Moreover, an np homojunction structure for the top cell is proposed. Optimization routines are applied that involve determining optimal thickness and doping concentration of the n-layer, investigating the effect of p-layer doping concentration, and exploring the influence of the work function of the front contact. As a result, the tandem cell efficiency is significantly improved to 23.33% at the current matching point (CMP), with a J
SC of 17.15 mA cm−2. The findings contribute to the advancement of thin-film tandem solar cell technology, showcasing its potential for efficient and flexible photovoltaic applications.
Effect of tin doping on the structural, optical, and dielectric properties of unintentionally β-Ga2O3 single crystal
Authors: Mohamed H F , Li Baizhong , Sai Qinglin , Xia Changtai , Qi Hongji , Mohamed Aml M , Ibrahim E M M , Ahmed A M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper studied the structural, optical, electrical, and dielectric properties of the undoped and 0.05 mol% Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 single crystals through comprehensive characterizations by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, Optical transmittance spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet photoelectron (UPS) spectroscopy, and dielectric measurements. The optical bandgap decreases as Sn content increases. The results of XPS showed that Sn atoms were successfully added to the host β-Ga2O3 crystal. The position of the Fermi level of 0.05 mol% Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 is calculated to be 2.56 eV above the valence band and 1.85 eV beneath the conduction band. Also, the computed value of the work function of 0.05% mole Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 is 4.53 eV. AC conductivity increases, while dielectric loss and dielectric constant decrease with increasing frequency.
Disentangling photon rings beyond General Relativity with future radio-telescope arrays
Authors: Carballo-Rubio Raúl , Delaporte Héloïse , Eichhorn Astrid , Held Aaron 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
New physics beyond General Relativity can modify image features of black holes and
horizonless spacetimes and increase the separation between photon rings. This motivates us to
explore synthetic images consisting of two thin rings. Our synthetic images are parameterized by
the separation as well as the relative flux density of the two rings. We perform fits to the
visibility amplitude and analyze closure quantities. The current Event Horizon Telescope array
cannot detect the presence of a second ring in the region of parameters motivated by particular
new-physics cases. We show that this can be improved in three ways: first, if the array is
upgraded with Earth-based telescopes with sufficiently high sensitivity, second, if the array is
upgraded with a space-based station and third, if super-resolution techniques are used for the
data obtained by the array.
Neutrino mass measurement with cosmic gravitational focusing
Authors: Ge Shao-Feng , Pasquini Pedro , Tan Liang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We thoroughly explore the cosmic gravitational focusing
of cosmic neutrino fluid (CνF) by dark matter (DM) halo
using both general relativity for a point
source of gravitational potential and Boltzmann
equations for continuous overdensities. Derived in
the general way for both relativistic and
non-relativistic neutrinos, our results
show that the effect has fourth power
dependence on the neutrino mass and temperature.
With nonlinear mass dependence which is different
from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and
large scale structure (LSS) observations,
the cosmic gravitational focusing can provide an
independent cosmological way of measuring the neutrino
mass and ordering. We take DESI as an example to
illustrate that the projected sensitivity as well as its
synergy with existing terrestrial neutrino oscillation
experiments and other cosmological observations can
significantly improve the neutrino mass measurement.
Holographic massive plasma state in Friedman universe: cosmological fine-tuning and coincidence problems
Authors: Xue 生 She-Sheng 薛社 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Massive particle and antiparticle pair production and
oscillation on the horizon form a holographic and massive pair plasma state in the Friedman Universe. Via this state, the Einstein
cosmology term (dark energy) interacts with matter and radiation and is time-varying Λ̃ in the Universe's evolution.
It is determined by a close set of ordinary differential equations for dark energy, matter, and radiation energy densities. The solutions are unique, provided the initial conditions given by observations.
In inflation and reheating, dark energy density decreases from the inflation scale, converting to matter and radiation energy densities.
In standard cosmology, matter and radiation energy densities convert to dark energy density, reaching the present Universe. By comparing with ΛCDM, quintessence and dark energy interacting models, we show that
these results can be the possible solutions for cosmological fine-tuning and coincidence problems.
Multipole expansion of the gravitational field in a general class of fourth-order theories of gravity and the application in gyroscopic precession
Authors: Wu Bofeng , Liang En-Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A viable weak-field and slow-motion approximation method is constructed in
F(R, RμνRμν, Rμν ρσRμν ρσ
) gravity, a general class of
fourth-order theories of gravity. By applying this method, the metric, presented in the form of
the multipole expansion, outside a spatially compact source up to 1/c
3 order is provided, and
the closed-form expressions for the source multipole moments are all presented explicitly. The
metric consists of the massless tensor part, the massive scalar part, and the massive tensor part,
where the former is exactly the metric in General Relativity, and the latter two are the
corrections to it. It is shown that the corrections bear the Yukawa-like dependence on the two
massive parameters and predict the appearance of six additional sets of source multipole moments,
which indicates that up to 1/c
3 order, there exist six degrees of freedom beyond General
Relativity within F(R, RμνRμν, Rμν ρσRμν ρσ
)
gravity. By means of the metric, for a gyroscope moving around the source without experiencing any
torque, the multipole expansions of its spin's angular velocities of the Thomas precession, the
geodetic precession, and the Lense-Thirring precession are derived, and from them, the corrections
to the angular velocities of the three types of precession in General Relativity can be read
off. These results indicate that differently from f(R) or f(R,𝒢) gravity, the most
salient feature of the general F(R, RμνRμν, Rμν ρσRμν ρσ
)
gravity is that it gives the nonvanishing correction to
the gyroscopic spin's angular velocity of the Lense-Thirring precession in General Relativity.
KMT-2023-BLG-1431Lb: A New q < 10−4 Microlensing Planet from a Subtle Signature
Authors: Bell Aislyn , Zhang Jiyuan , Zang Weicheng , Jung Youn Kil , Yee Jennifer C. , Yang Hongjing , Sumi Takahiro , Udalski Andrzej ,   Leading Authors, Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Han Cheongho , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   The KMTNet Collaboration, Tang Yunyi , McCormick Jennie , Dong Subo , Liu Zhuokai , de Almeida Leandro , Mao Shude , Maoz Dan , Zhu Wei ,   The MAP & FUN Follow-up Team, Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Bond Ian A. , Fujii Hirosane , Fukui Akihiko , Hamada Ryusei , Hirao Yuki , Silva Stela Ishitani , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Matsubara Yutaka , Matsumoto Sho , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Okamura Arisa , Lmschenk Greg , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Satoh Yuki , Suzuki Daisuke , Toda Taiga , Tomoyoshi Mio , Tristram Paul J. , Vandorou Aikaterini , Yama Hibiki , Yamashita Kansuke ,   The MOA Collaboration, Mróz Przemek , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radoslaw , Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz ,   The OGLE Collaboration
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The current studies of microlensing planets are limited by small number statistics. Follow-up observations of high-magnification microlensing events can efficiently form a statistical planetary sample. Since 2020, the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) and the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) global network have been conducting a follow-up program for high-magnification KMTNet events. Here, we report the detection and analysis of a microlensing planetary event, KMT-2023-BLG-1431, for which the subtle (0.05 mag) and short-lived (5 hr) planetary signature was characterized by the follow-up from KMTNet and LCO. A binary-lens single-source (2L1S) analysis reveals a planet/host mass ratio of q = (0.72 ± 0.07) × 10−4, and the single-lens binary-source (1L2S) model is excluded by Δχ
2 = 80. A Bayesian analysis using a Galactic model yields estimates of the host star mass of

M

host

=

0.57

−
0.29

+
0.33

M

⊙

, the planetary mass of

M

planet

=

13.5

−
6.8

+
8.1

M

⊕

, and the lens distance of

D

L

=

6.9

−
1.7

+
0.8

kpc. The projected planet-host separation of

a

⊥

=

2.3

−
0.5

+
0.5

au or

a

⊥

=

3.2

−
0.8

+
0.7

au, subject to the close/wide degeneracy. We also find that without the follow-up data, the survey-only data cannot break the degeneracy of central/resonant caustics and the degeneracy of 2L1S/1L2S models, showing the importance of follow-up observations for current microlensing surveys.
A family of quantum von Neumann architecture
Authors: Wang 王 Dong-Sheng 东升 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We develop universal quantum computing models that form a family of quantum von Neumann architectures, with modular units of memory, control, CPU, and internet, besides input and output. This family contains three generations characterized by dynamical quantum resource theory, and it also circumvents no-go theorems on quantum programming and control. Besides universality, such a family satisfies other desirable engineering requirements on system and algorithm design, such as modularity and programmability, hence serves as a unique approach to building universal quantum computers.
Topological phases and edge modes of an uneven ladder
Authors: Shang 商 Wen-Chuang 文创 , Han 韩 Yi-Ning 熠宁 , Endo Shimpei , Gao 高 Chao 超 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate the topological properties of a two-chain quantum ladder with uneven legs, i.e., the two chains differ in their periods by a factor of 2. Such an uneven ladder presents rich band structures classified by the closure of either direct or indirect bandgaps. It also provides opportunities to explore fundamental concepts concerning band topology and edge modes, including the difference of intracellular and intercellular Zak phases, and the role of the inversion symmetry (IS). We calculate the Zak phases of the two kinds and find excellent agreement with the dipole moment and extra charge accumulation. We also find that configurations with IS feature a pair of degenerate two-side edge modes emerging as the closure of the direct bandgap, while configurations without IS feature one-side edge modes emerging as not only the closure of both direct and indirect bandgaps but also within the band continuum. Furthermore, by projecting to the two sublattices, we find that the effective Bloch Hamiltonian corresponds to that of a generalized Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model or the Rice–Mele model whose hopping amplitudes depend on the quasimomentum. In this way, the topological phases can be efficiently extracted through winding numbers. We propose that uneven ladders can be realized by spin-dependent optical lattices and their rich topological characteristics can be examined by near future experiments.
Neuritogenic glycosaminoglycan hydrogels promote functional recovery after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Gonsalves Nathan , Sun Min Kyoung , Chopra Pradeep , Latchoumane Charles-Francois , Bajwa Simar , Tang Ruiping , Patel Bianca , Boons Geert-Jan , Karumbaiah Lohitash 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) induced neuronal loss and brain atrophy contribute significantly to long-term disabilities. Brain extracellular matrix (ECM) associated chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans promote neural stem cell (NSC) maintenance, and CS hydrogel implants have demonstrated the ability to enhance neuroprotection, in preclinical sTBI studies. However, the ability of neuritogenic chimeric peptide (CP) functionalized CS hydrogels in promoting functional recovery, after controlled cortical impact (CCI) and suction ablation (SA) induced sTBI, has not been previously demonstrated. We hypothesized that neuritogenic (CS)CP hydrogels will promote neuritogenesis of human NSCs, and accelerate brain tissue repair and functional recovery in sTBI rats. Approach. We synthesized chondroitin 4-O sulfate (CS-A)CP, and 4,6-O-sulfate (CS-E)CP hydrogels, using strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), to promote cell adhesion and neuritogenesis of human NSCs, in vitro; and assessed the ability of (CS-A)CP hydrogels in promoting tissue and functional repair, in a novel CCI-SA sTBI model, in vivo. Main results. Results indicated that (CS-E)CP hydrogels significantly enhanced human NSC aggregation and migration via focal adhesion kinase complexes, when compared to NSCs in (CS-A)CP hydrogels, in vitro. In contrast, NSCs encapsulated in (CS-A)CP hydrogels differentiated into neurons bearing longer neurites and showed greater spontaneous activity, when compared to those in (CS-E)CP hydrogels. The intracavitary implantation of (CS-A)CP hydrogels, acutely after CCI-SA-sTBI, prevented neuronal and axonal loss, as determined by immunohistochemical analyses. (CS-A)CP hydrogel implanted animals also demonstrated the significantly accelerated recovery of ‘reach-to-grasp’ function when compared to sTBI controls, over a period of 5-weeks. Significance. These findings demonstrate the neuritogenic and neuroprotective attributes of (CS)CP ‘click’ hydrogels, and open new avenues for the development of multifunctional glycomaterials that are functionalized with biorthogonal handles for sTBI repair.
Thermal conductivity in one-dimensional nonlinear disordered lattices: two kinds of scattering effects of hard-type and soft-type anharmonicities
Authors: Wang Jianjin , Xiong Chi , Xiong Daxing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Amorphous solids can be theoretically modeled by anharmonic disordered lattices, but most of the theoretical studies on thermal conductivity in such lattices only consider hard-type (HT) anharmonicity. In this study, we investigate the thermal conductivity κ of one-dimensional disordered lattices with both HT and soft-type (ST) anharmonic on-site potentials. Our results from molecular dynamics simulations and the quasi-harmonic Green–Kubo (QHGK) method show that while the HT model exhibits non-monotonic dependence of κ on anharmonicity, the ST model shows a monotonically increasing trend. This trend provides a novel approach to enhancing thermal conductivity in disordered systems. Additionally, the QHGK predictions for κ in the HT model are consistent with simulation results over a wide range of anharmonicity values; however, for the ST model, deviations appear as the anharmonicity becomes softer. This peculiar feature may be attributed to delocalization effects being dominant in contrast to the competing roles played by both delocalization and localization effects observed in the HT model.
Real-time charged track reconstruction for CLAS12
Authors: Gavalian Gagik ,   the CLAS12 collaboration
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the results of charged particle track reconstruction in CLAS12 using
artificial intelligence. In our approach, we use machine learning algorithms to reconstruct
tracks, including their momentum and direction, with high accuracy from raw hits of the CLAS12
drift chambers. The reconstruction is performed in real-time, with the rate of data acquisition,
and allows for the identification of event topologies in real-time. This approach revolutionizes
the Nuclear Physics experiments' data processing, allowing us to identify and categorize the
experimental data on the fly, and will lead to a significant reduction in experiment data
processing. It can also be used in streaming readout applications leading to more efficient data
acquisition and post-processing.
GEANT4 simulation of X-ray radiation for sterilizer based on high-current repetitively pulsed electron accelerator SINUS-320
Authors: Cherepennikov Yu. , Gauzshtein V. , Shevelev M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Secondary X-ray radiation for the sterilizer based on high-current repetitively pulsed electrons accelerator SINUS-320 has been investigated. The energy of accelerated electrons is 500 keV. In this regard, there is a need for radiation protection during operation of the installation, which, in turn, leads to the importance of studying the dose rate of secondary X-ray radiation. The studies were carried out by statistical modeling using the GEANT4 simulation toolkit.
Radon concentration measurement with a high-sensitivity radon detector at the Yemilab
Authors: Seo Kyung Min , Kim Hyunsoo , Kim Yeong Duk , Lee Hye Young , Lee Jaison , Lee Moo Hyun , So Jungho , Yoon Sang Cheol , Yoon Young Soo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The radiation emitted from radon is a critical background in
rare event search experiments conducted at the Yemi Underground
Laboratory (Yemilab) in Jeongseon, Korea. A Radon Reduction System
(RRS) has been developed and installed in Yemilab to reduce radon
concentration in the air. The RRS primarily provides a purified air
of 50 m3/h to the cleanroom used to assemble crystal
detectors in the AMoRE, a neutrinoless double beta decay search
experiment. RRS can reduce the radon level by a factor of 300, so a
high-sensitivity radon detector was required. A highly sensitive
radon detector was constructed using a 70 L chamber with a large
PIN photodiode to measure radon concentration in the purified air.
The radon detector shows an excellent resolution of 72 keV (FWHM)
for 6.003 MeV alphas from 218Po decay and a sensitivity down
to 23.8 ± 2.1 mBq/m3 with a boil-off N2 gas sample.
The radon concentration level from the RRS measured by the radon
detector was below 0.29 Bq/m3 with a reduction factor of
about 300.