bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of SAR97276 in mouse tissues by rapid resolution liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Margout Delphine , Wein Sharon , Gandon Hermine , Gattacceca Florence , Vial Henri J. , Bressolle Françoise M. M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract1,12‐Bis[5‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐4‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐3‐ium]dodecane dibromide (SAR97276, T3) is a new antimalarial drug, which is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for severe malaria. Drug accumulation inside the parasite and a dual mechanism of action are a major strength of this compound, as it could help delay the development of resistance. The purpose of this article was to develop a rapid resolution LC‐MS method for quantifying SAR97276 in mouse tissues. The LC system consisted of Zorbax Eclipse XDB C8 (1.8 μm, 50×4.6 mm, 60°C) column. Elution with a gradient mobile phase consisting of ACN–trimethylamine‐formate buffer (pH 3) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min yielded sharp, utmost‐resolved peaks within 2 min. Tissue samples were powdered under liquid nitrogen. After protein precipitation with citric acid, SPE using WCX cartridges was used for sample preparation. There was no influence of the matrix on the detection of either SAR97276 or the IS. Assay precision was <13% and accuracy was 90–107%. The lower LOQs were 3.3 μg/kg in brain and 33 μg/kg in liver and heart. This newly developed method was used to study the tissue distribution of SAR97276 in mouse as part of the ongoing development of SAR97276.
Separation and mechanism elucidation for six structure‐like matrine‐type alkaloids by micellar liquid chromatography
Authors: Sun Jin , Mao Jingjing , Liu Xiaohong , Wang Yongjun , Sun Yinghua , He Zhonggui 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA mixed micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) method, the mobile phase consisting of anionic surfactant SDS and nonionic surfactant Brij35, was firstly developed for the separation and determination of six structure‐like matrine‐type alkaloids, including matrine, oxymatrine, sophocarpine, oxysophocarpine, sophoridine, and oxysophoridine. The factors influencing the resolution of the six alkaloids were systematically investigated and optimized, including the micellar composition and concentration, column temperature, the type and amount of organic solvent, and the pH values in the mobile phases. Under the optimized separation conditions, the six matrine‐type alkaloids could be easily isocratically eluted with a baseline separation within 22 min. Under the designated conditions (SDS concentration from 10 to 50 mM, Brij35 from 5 to 30 mM, pH 3 and 5% 1‐propanol), the hydrophobic selectivity was negatively correlated with the concentration of Brij35 but not with SDS. The functional group selectivity of the carbonyl group, double bond, and diastereomers, all decreased with the increase in percentage of SDS in the mixed micellar phase, because the strong electrostatic force masks other molecular forces which can discriminate the retention of the analytes. Therefore, such a combination in surfactants of MLC is a powerful strategy to increase the selectivity by adjusting the balance among the various molecular interaction forces influencing analytes' retention. Finally, the developed method was successfully used to separate and determine the contents of main alkaloids in Sophora medicinal plants, S. flavescens Ait. In summary, the mixed MLC is a valuable approach to separate and determine the structure‐like multi‐component natural samples.
The effect of cognitive processing therapy on cognitions: Impact statement coding
Authors: Sobel Ana A. , Resick Patricia A. , Rabalais Aline E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study compared the cognitions of 37 female rape survivors before and after completing cognitive processing therapy (CPT). It was hypothesized that CPT would be associated with reductions in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and problematic (i.e., assimilated and overaccommodated) thoughts as well as increases in the number of realistic (i.e., accommodated) cognitions. Cognitions were assessed via coding and analyses of participants' written impact statements at the beginning and end of treatment. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were assessed with the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale and PTSD Symptom Scale. As predicted, there were significant increases in accommodated statements and significant decreases in overaccommodated and assimilated statements. The hypothesis that cognitive changes would be related to symptom reduction was partially supported.
The Effect of CO2and KTP laser on the cat saccule and utricle
Authors: Lundy Larry 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To assess the potential carbon dioxide (CO2) and potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser‐related trauma to the saccule and utricle in a cat model.Study Design:Basic science experiment utilizing cat model.Methods:Twelve adult male cats were divided into two groups—CO2and KTP—to assess the potential saccule and/or utricle trauma with direct discharge of laser energy into the vestibule after the stapes was removed. Both groups were subdivided to assess the effects with acute sacrifice and three‐month survival. Bone conduction auditory brain‐stem response thresholds were used to monitor auditory function. Clinical observation was used to monitor vestibular function. The temporal bones were harvested, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) in all animals with the uninvolved side serving as the control.Results:None of the animals demonstrated changes in bone conduction auditory brain‐stem responses. None of the animals in the survival group demonstrated clinical vestibular dysfunction. Saccular and utricular wall rupture was observed in all animals sacrificed acutely. None of the saccular and utricular wall ruptures were of a size and location that could be attributed to laser trauma, and none of the saccular and utricular wall ruptures were associated with neuroepithelial trauma.Conclusions:There is no evidence of a difference between the CO2and KTP laser in potential laser‐related trauma. Using bone‐conducting auditory brain‐stem response threshold and clinical monitoring of vestibular function, there was no evidence of clinical auditory or vestibular dysfunction. The histologic evidence of saccular and utricular wall rupture is more consistent with stapes extraction trauma than laser‐related trauma. Laryngoscope, 2009
Third Generation of Disk Lasers
Authors: Havrilla David , Brockmann Rüdiger 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe disk laser technology has been the subject of debate when compared with other types of high power fiber delivered technologies (e.g. fiber laser). However, a new day has dawned, and it's apparent that disk laser technology has earned its stripes. In order to illustrate the metamorphosis of disk laser technology, we'll be referencing Trumpf's research, which has resulted in the new TruDisk series. Conceptualized in the early 1990's, introduced at the Munich Laser Fair in 1998, and with over 500 installed for industrial fabrication, Trumpf's multi‐kilowatt disk laser combines high brightness and production worthiness, an already‐successful marriage that has become even stronger with the introduction of a new generation of enhancements. The new generation of Trumpf's disk laser offer an output power of up to 16 kW and a beam quality of 2–8 mm*mrad.
Appraising and selecting conservation measures to mitigate desertification and land degradation based on stakeholder participation and global best practices
Authors: Schwilch G. , Bachmann F. , Liniger HP. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMost desertification research focuses on degradation assessments without putting sufficient emphasis on prevention and mitigation strategies, although the concept of sustainable land management (SLM) is increasingly being acknowledged. A variety of already applied conservation measures exist at the local level, but they are not adequately recognised, evaluated and shared, either by land users, technicians, researchers, or policy makers. Likewise, collaboration between research and implementation is often insufficient. The aim of this paper is to present a new methodology for a participatory process of appraising and selecting desertification mitigation strategies, and to present first experiences from its application in the EU‐funded DESIRE project. The methodology combines a collective learning and decision approach with the use of evaluated global best practices. In three parts, it moves through a concise process, starting with identifying land degradation and locally applied solutions in a stakeholder workshop, leading to assessing local solutions with a standardised evaluation tool, and ending with jointly selecting promising strategies for implementation with the help of a decision support tool. The methodology is currently being applied in 16 study sites. Preliminary analysis from the application of the first part of the methodology shows that the initial stakeholder workshop results in a good basis for stakeholder cooperation, and in promising land conservation practices for further assessment. Study site research teams appreciated the valuable results, as burning issues and promising options emerged from joint reflection. The methodology is suitable to initiate mutual learning among different stakeholder groups and to integrate local and scientific knowledge. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurofibromin physically interacts with the N‐terminal domain of focal adhesion kinase
Authors: Kweh Frederick , Zheng Min , Kurenova Elena , Wallace Margaret , Golubovskaya Vita , Cance William G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe NF1 gene that is altered in patients with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) encodes a neurofibromin protein that functions as a tumor suppressor. In this report, we show for the first time physical interaction between neurofibromin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), the protein that localizes at focal adhesions. We show that neurofibromin associates with the N‐terminal domain of FAK, and that the C‐terminal domain of neurofibromin directly interacts with FAK. Confocal microscopy demonstrates colocalization of NF1 and FAK in the cytoplasm, perinuclear and nuclear regions inside the cells. Nf1+/+ MEF cells expressed less cell growth during serum deprivation conditions, and adhered less on collagen and fibronectin‐treated plates than Nf1−/− MEF cells, associated with changes in actin and FAK staining. In addition, Nf1+/+ MEF cells detached more significantly than Nf1−/− MEF cells by disruption of FAK signaling with the dominant‐negative inhibitor of FAK, C‐terminal domain of FAK (FAK‐CD). Thus, the results demonstrate the novel interaction of neurofibromin and FAK and suggest their involvement in cell adhesion, cell growth, and other cellular events and pathways. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absorptive capacity—one size fits all? A firm‐level analysis of absorptive capacity for different kinds of knowledge
Authors: Schmidt Tobias 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper empirically analyzes the effect of R&D activities, human resource and knowledge management, and the organization of knowledge sharing within a firm on the absorptive capacity of innovative firms for three different types of knowledge, namely absorptive capacity to use knowledge from a firm's own industry, knowledge from other industries and knowledge from research institutions. Using data from the German innovation survey, we investigate how firms are able to exploit knowledge from external partners for successful innovation activities. The estimation results show that the determinants of absorptive capacity differ with respect to the type of knowledge absorbed for innovation activities. In particular, we find that the R&D intensity does not significantly influence absorptive capacity for intra‐ and inter‐industry knowledge. Additionally, our results suggest that absorptive capacity is path dependent and firms can influence their ability to exploit external knowledge by encouraging individuals' involvement in a firm's innovation projects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro lesion effect of the globus pallidus internus and outcome with deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease and dystonia
Authors: Cersosimo Maria G. , Raina Gabriela B. , Benarroch Eduardo E. , Piedimonte Fabián , Alemán Gabriela González , Micheli Federico E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTo determine whether the immediate response to electrode implantation (micro lesion effect, MLE) in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) predicts symptom improvement with deep brain stimulation (DBS) at 6 months in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or generalized dystonia. Electrode implantation in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) prior to electrical stimulation has been reported to predict a beneficial effect of DBS in patients with PD, but whether this is also the case for the GPi in either PD or dystonia patients has not been established. We studied 20 patients (11 with PD and 9 with dystonia) who underwent electrode implantation in the GPi. Effects were assessed using standardized scales after 24 hours, weekly for 3 weeks prior to starting DBS, and after 6 months of DBS. 10 of 11 PD and 8 of 9 dystonia cases who benefited from electrode implantation also showed improvement in all motor and disability scores after 6 months of DBS of the GPi. One dystonia patient who did not show MLE benefited from DBS. The presence of MLE after electrode implantation in the GPi may help predict motor benefit from DBS in PD and generalized dystonia patients. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Cloud‐radar observations of insects in the UK convective boundary layer
Authors: Wood Curtis R. , O'Connor Ewan J. , Hurley Rebecca A. , Reynolds Don R. , Illingworth Anthony J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRadar has been applied to the study of insect migration for almost 40 years, but most entomological radars operate at X‐band (9.4 GHz, 3.2 cm wavelength) and can only detect individuals of relatively large species, such as migratory grasshoppers and noctuid moths, over all of their flight altitudes. Many insects (including economically important species) are much smaller than this, but development of the requisite higher power and/or higher frequency radar systems to detect these species is often prohibitively expensive. In this paper, attention is focused upon the uses of some recently‐deployed meteorological sensing devices to investigate insect migratory flight behaviour, and especially its interactions with boundary layer processes. Records were examined from the vertically‐pointing 35 GHz ‘Copernicus’ and 94 GHz ‘Galileo’ cloud radars at Chilbolton (Hampshire, England) for 12 cloudless and convective occasions in summer 2003, and one of these occasions (13 July) is presented in detail. Insects were frequently found at heights above aerosol particles, which represent passive tracers, indicating active insect movement. It was found that insect flight above the convective boundary layer occurs most often during the morning. The maximum radar reflectivity (an indicator of aerial insect biomass) was found to be positively correlated with maximum screen temperature. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Slow backbone dynamics of chicken villin headpiece subdomain probed by NMR C′N cross‐correlated relaxation
Authors: Vugmeyster Liliya 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe have investigated slow correlated motions of neighboring carbonyl and nitrogen nuclei in the backbone of chicken villin headpiece subdomain. Cross‐correlated chemical shift modulation experiments were performed at three temperatures where the protein remains in its folded state. The results at 8 °C demonstrate the presence of microseconds to milliseconds timescale motions for a number of residues belonging both to helices and unstructured regions. As the temperature is raised, the motions become progressively less visible. The reduction of the contributions of slow motions into the cross‐correlated relaxation rate with the rise in temperature is caused by the increase of the chemical exchange rate constants for the slow motion processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Involvement of polyadenylation status on maternal gene expression during in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes
Authors: Zhang Ding‐Xiao , Cui Xiang‐Shun , Kim Nam‐Hyung 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring mammalian oocyte maturation, protein synthesis is mainly controlled through cytoplasmic polyadenylation of stored maternal mRNAs. In this study, the role of polyadenylation modification of maternal transcripts in pig oocytes was investigated by adding cordycepin (3′‐dA), a potent polyadenylation inhibitor, to the culture medium of porcine oocytes maturing in vitro. 3′‐dA significantly prevented cumulus expansion regardless of the concentration used, and inhibited pig oocyte maturation in a dose‐dependent manner. Further, 3′‐dA 1 µg/ml‐treated MII oocytes experienced significantly lower rates of cleavage (29%) and blastocyst formation (15.35%) compared to control MII oocytes (58.6% and 35.3%, respectively). Western blotting revealed that the activity of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p34cdc2 was significantly decreased in oocytes and cumulus cells treated with 3′‐dA at a concentration of 1 µg/ml or greater. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, expression patterns and polyadenylation states of four important genes, C‐mos, cyclin B, GDF9 and BMP15, were studied as representative maternal transcripts by real‐time PCR and the PAT assay. 3′‐dA at concentrations above 1 µg/ml significantly prevented polyadenylation and caused aberrant expression of C‐mos and GDF9 during oocyte maturation. These results suggest that polyadenylation inhibitor blocked pig oocyte maturation in vitro by one or more of the following actions: (1) inactivation of MAPK and MPF in oocytes, especially at the late stages (MI and MII); (2) prevention of cumulus cell expansion through inactivation of cellular MAPK; and (3) inhibition of the maternal mRNA polyadenylation process, which in reverse, disrupted the maternal mRNA patterns in pig oocytes' maturation in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 881–889, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reductions in stress urinary incontinence episodes: What is clinically important for Women?
Authors: Yalcin Ilker , Peng Guangbin , Viktrup Lars , Bump Richard C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAimTo expand our understanding of the clinical importance to patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) of reductions in incontinence episode frequency (IEF) that fall short of a complete cure.MethodsWe used an integrated database that included data from 1,913 women with SUI who were enrolled in four randomized, placebo‐controlled pharmaceutical clinical trials and examined the relationship between various levels of reduction in IEF and minimally clinical important difference (MCID) levels established for the validated Incontinence Quality of Life (I‐QOL) questionnaire. The first decile of IEF reduction to exceed the within‐group MCID was considered to be the point at which the reduction in IEF first became clinically important. The between‐group MCID was then used to determine when further reductions in incontinence represented clinically relevant incremental improvements for patients.ResultsImprovements in condition‐specific quality of life were not clinically important until the fifth decile of IEF reduction, representing a reduction in IEF >40% to ≤50%. Patients appreciated incremental clinically important benefits when IEF reductions exceeded 70%, with progressive improvements in condition‐specific quality of life with higher levels of IEF reduction. The difference between a >70% to ≤80% reduction and a >90% to ≤100% reduction was clinically important.ConclusionReductions in IEF ≤40% do not appear to be clinically important for women with SUI. Patients appear to recognize important clinical value at reductions of approximately 50% and important incremental clinical value at reductions of approximately 75% and 90–100%. These thresholds may not apply to women seeking non‐pharmaceutical treatments for SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:344–347, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lower urinary tract symptoms following neurological illness may be influenced by multiple factors: Observations from a neurorehabilitation service in a developing country
Authors: Panicker Jalesh N. , Menon Lakshmi , Anandkumar A. , Sundaram K.R. , Fowler Clare J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the pattern of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in patients with neurological disease in the setting of a rehabilitation service in a developing country, and analyze causes for unexpected lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).MethodsPatients with neurological disorders and having significant LUTS were prospectively evaluated. Level of neurological lesion was localized by neurological examination and investigations. LUTD was evaluated by symptom analysis, bladder diaries and ultrasonography. Storage symptoms were managed using antimuscarinic medications and voiding dysfunction, when significant, was managed by catheterization and patients were regularly followed up. Patients with symptoms that had not been expected based upon their level of neurological lesion were further evaluated.ResultsFifty patients (mean age 43.5 ± 18.3 years) were included and according to neurological localization, were categorized into suprapontine (n = 9; 18%), infrapontine/suprasacral (n = 25; 50%) or infrasacral (n = 16; 32%) groups. Incontinence was more common in patients with suprapontine and infrapontine/suprasacral lesions (n = 20) (P < 0.03), hesitancy more common with infrapontine/suprasacral lesions (n = 20) (P = 0.004) and retention more with infrasacral lesions (n = 13) (P < 0.001). Patients belonging to suprapontine and infrapontine/suprasacral groups more likely showed improvement at follow up (P = 0.008). Fourteen patients (28%) had unexpected LUTS and this was due to urological causes (n = 6) or multiaxial neurological involvement (n = 8). Potentially treatable factors were managed, resulting in symptom relief.ConclusionLUTS in neurological disease may be at variance with the pattern expected based upon level of neurological lesion. Such patients may require further evaluation and consideration should be given to concomitant urological conditions and multiaxial neurological involvement. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:378–381, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Work‐based learning in the context of contemporary health care education and practice: A concept analysis
Authors: Manley Kim , Titchen Angie , Hardy Sally 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWork‐based learning has the potential to transform health care services to improve patients' and users' experiences, support the implementation of evidence, provide value for money, improve productivity and achieve continued modernization. This article describes the findings from a literature‐based concept analysis that explored a contemporary understanding of work‐based learning relevant to modern health care practice and education. Many descriptions of work‐based learning exist but it is difficult to define the concept in a way that practitioners can understand and relate to in their daily working lives. The article identifies the distinguishing attributes of work‐based learning, together with its enabling factors and consequences. From this literature‐based concept analysis, it is concluded that work‐based learning is a process that concentrates on how learning takes place within the workplace. It is stimulated by workplace activities that engage the learner in discussion and debate with workplace colleagues. This critical dialogue, if facilitated and adequately resourced, can trigger a transformation of workplace culture into one that captures situated learning to enhance not only the individual, but also team and even organizational working practices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.