bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Data Management Method for Maps Using Band Division of Data Plane
Authors: Agui Takeshi , Nagao Tomoharu , Misawa Hitoshi , Nakajima Masayuki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecently, in database systems for maps, a method for data managing huge data efficiently is indispensable. Since a database for maps is somewhat two‐dimensional, we must divide a data plane according to the data distribution. The cell method is one of the previously proposed methods for two‐dimensional data management and is the simplest in which the data plane is divided equally into rectangles. It has a disadvantage in that it cannot use the data storing region effectively.In this paper, a new data management method is proposed which is as simple and as easy to deal with as the cell method. Also, this method can realize high performance in use as a data storing region. Our method, after the data plane is divided into more than one band of the same width changes the state of division within each band according to the data distribution and the order of input. Also, it manages each band divided as a band for each rectangle equally dividing the data plane as in the cell method. This paper describes the principle of band‐like division of the plane and the results of fundamental experiments performed to examine the feature of the method and verifies the effectiveness of the method.
Image Processing Expert System with Knowledge—Generative Function—Application to Footprint Image Understanding
Authors: Nakamura Osamu , Nakagawa Hiroyoshi , Minami Toshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a footprint image processing expert system. In footprint image processing, the most difficult issue is to carry through the complex processing sequence brought by the variety of pickup places, pickup methods, footprint patterns, and so on. To cope with this issue, an expert system with the knowledge‐generative function, which is indispensable for dealing with some unknown images, is implemented. A usable processing sequence for various footprint images is constructed through the simulation over 37 footprint images and the usefulness of the expert system is ascertained experimentally.
Polyhedra Identification Using the Orthonormal Constraints of Rotation Matrix
Authors: Hong Hai , Kawashima Toshlo , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Aoki Yoshinao 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA method to identify polyhedric objects from single perspective line drawings is proposed. The method searches correct associations from the model database in four stages: 1) topological matching of vertex and edge connection; 2) the computation of the transformation matrix from the model coordinate system to the camera coordinate system; 3) the validity test of transformation matrix; and 4) the determination of position and orientation of object. Stage 2) computes the optimal solution of the matrix using nonlinear optimization. Thus, if the initial value is improper, the solution does not always converge to a correct solution as pointed out in previous research. Orthonormal constraints of transformation matrix are introduced to improve the convergence property of numerical computation and to reduce computation cost. Experimental results show the validity of the method.
Optical Flow Analysis Based on Spatio‐Temporal Correlation of Dynamic Image
Authors: Koga Kazutoshi , Miike Hidetoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe propose several methods for analyzing the velocity of moving particles in dynamic images. The methods are based on the analysis of temporal mutual‐correlation between the time series of gray level changes at a target pixel and that of its neighboring pixels on an image plane. In this paper, we clarify that the temporal mutual‐correlation functions can be understood as the intersections of a kind of spatial autocorrelation of an image irradiance function which is assumed to be rigid. According to this new understanding and assuming a Gaussian‐like decrease in the spatial autocorrelation, we clarify a relation between the correlation‐value and the lag‐time of the mutual‐correlation and velocity of a moving object. This relation results in an improved method for determining the optical flow.Our previous methods are useful only for the analysis of spherical particle motion. However, the improved one can be applied to more general objects. From the analysis of the artificial image sequences, it is suggested that the accuracy of the obtained result is less than 0.01 ±0.01 p/f in speed and 1.0 ±2.0 deg in direction. These results indicate that the improved method has ten times the accuracy of the typical method called the “gradient method.” The improved method is also evaluated by analyzing an actual dynamic scene and confirmed to have the capability to measure the two‐dimensional velocity field (i.e., optical flow).
Proposal and Evaluation of Dynamic Object‐Oriented Programming
Authors: Onai Rikio , Tsuruoka Yukio 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have been studying the parallel coordinated computing system composed of several AI workstations ELIS, as well as the knowledge processing on that system. From the viewpoint of the modularity and the hierarchy, an object‐oriented approach is adopted as the fundamental paradigm. In the knowledge representation on such a system, the object for representing the knowledge must be modified in a dynamical way since the knowledge always changes by itself.In this paper, such a modifiable object is called a dynamic object. In the traditional system, however, the object has been considered as static, and instance variables, for example, cannot be added or deleted dynamically during execution. The dynamic object is realized by modifying the object mechanism of TAO, which is the kernel language of ELIS.This paper proposes a dynamic object‐oriented programming based on this dynamic object, which is suited to the representation of the changing knowledge. It is indicated that from the standpoint of the dynamic knowledge representation, the dynamic object‐oriented programming is more natural and more efficient than the traditional object‐oriented programming.
Evaluation of a Data‐Driven Machine with Advanced Control Mechanism
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshinori , Toda Kenji , Yuba Toshitsugu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper evaluates the EM‐3, a data‐driven machine with advanced control mechanism. The advanced control mechanism with pseudo‐result concept has been introduced into the data‐driven mechanism. To evaluate this mechanism on a parallel processing environment, the prototype machine has been developed. Five benchmark programs, which have different characteristics, are evaluated by both software simulator and a prototype machine.This paper presents the results of discussing the data‐driven mechanism with advanced control in the list processing system. The profiles of parallelism for the five programs, dynamic execution rate of instructions, and the characteristics of waiting time in a matching store are described. Finally, the performance of the EM‐3 prototype is shown as well as the effectiveness of introducing the advanced control mechanism.
Cache Storage Control under Multiprocessor Environment
Authors: Ishihara Koichiro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCache storage control methods in multiprocessor systems have been investigated for a long time. Recently, however, the number of processors in very large computer systems continues to increase and management by conventional control methods has become inadequate. Also, the performance evaluation becomes so complicated that it is difficult to determine the best method.Therefore, this paper proposes a simple evaluation method and a cache storage control method that maintains the overhead of storage management against the increase in the processor counts. The two methods to manage the STORE instructions are store‐through and store‐in. However, there does not exist a system with two‐level cache storage of the store‐in method. This paper presents the following three goals:(1) to propose a control method that manages the situation in which the distances between storage controllers and instruction processors are not uniform;(2) to show a hardware control method that manages the shared and writable storage blocks.To achieve small overhead by the two forementioned points; and(3) to show by using a simple evaluation method that in many practical cases, the three‐level, single‐copy, store‐in method is advantageous.
On a Fast Hough Transform Method PLHT Based on Piecewise‐Linear Hough Function
Authors: Koshimizu Hiroyasu , Numada Munetoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBy replacing the calculation of the trigonometric functions sin and cos in the Hough transform with the piecewise‐linear Hough function (PLH), the number of multiplication and trigonometric calculations are reduced. The PLH function is derived from the standard Hough function in a straightforward manner. The PLH‐based transformation retains the Hough transform's ability to extract collinearities from an image.The cost of computing the PLH transform (PLHT) is approximately one‐sixth that of the standard Hough transform. It was also found that the PLHT reduces memory requirements by 30 percent.
An Application of Qualitative Reasoning to Knowledge Acquisition in Process Diagnosis. Automatic Rule Generation by Qualitative Simulation
Authors: Ishida Yoshiteru 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe problems with recent approaches in qualitative and causal reasoning are that: (1) in qualitative modeling, they do not discuss on what types of mathematical models their qualitative equations should be based. This allows the misuse of static models for the qualitative equations to discuss changes in the transient state; and (2) they do not define causality on their qualitative model.This paper defines the “inherent causality” which requires “time reference.” With this causality, causal reasoning is carried out by verifying that any change is made by the causality. The verification is done by consumption of dt = + for each step. To make such causal reasoning possible, the base model (i.e., the dynamical model which describes causality from what makes the change to what is changed) is selected carefully. Also, the qualitative simulation algorithm utilizing the inherent causality is developed. The power of the causality and simulation algorithm is demonstrated on the examples of a buffer tank. AQUA, a knowledge acquisition tool for process diagnosis domain, is implemented using the qualitative simulation. AQUA uses the qualitative simulation in generating fault‐syndrome associations.
Estimation for Spread Forms of Spindle Waves in Multichannel EEG
Authors: Ueda Yoshikazu , Ishii Naohiro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe spindle wave is one of the most important EEG signals in exploring the mechanism of sleep. There have been few reports, however, that examined the spatial properties of the spindle wave. One reason for this may be that the spindle wave is difficult to be handled as a stationary time series since it is a short‐term signal. Another reason is that a multidimensional signal processing technique has not been established for the multichannel signal, and an analysis with a tremendous amount of data has not been tried.This paper aims at the analysis of the empirical knowledge of doctors by computer processing, and proposes an algorithm which estimates the spread form of the spindle wave in the multichannel EEG. The method is based on the frequency‐wavenumber spectrum, and has features in that the two phasic dominants and the direction of spread are estimated from a smaller number of measurements, by utilizing the phase relations on the scope.The usefulness of the proposed algorithm was verified by a computer simulation. The proposed estimation method was applied to the actual spindle waves, and the following result was obtained. The phasic dominant of the spindle exists around the central field for the low‐frequency components and around the parietal field for high‐frequency components. This is a quantitative result, which agrees with the traditional qualitative findings. A new observation was also made where the spindles spread mostly from the parietal field to the frontal field.
Filtering for Dynamic Systems Under Unknown State transition Matrices
Authors: Sakata Katsumi , Izumida Kiichiro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA filter is proposed which generates the state estimate independently of the physical condition which determines the dynamic characteristics of a system. This filter consists in digital first‐order filters and a controller. The predicted state is corrected repeatedly until the weighted mean of the predicted residual square becomes less than the residual covariance. The correction procedure is that the predicted residual is input to digital first‐order filters, the outputs of these filters are multiplied by constants and the result is added to the predicted state as a corrector.
Knowledge Level Learning in a Problem Solver
Authors: Sakurai Seiichiro , Shimura Masamichi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a new knowledge level learning method for a problem solver. Because it is not practical to initialize a problem solver with a very large knowledge base to cope with a large variety of problems, the machine must have the capability of acquiring knowledge through solving problem in an incremental fashion. New knowledge is acquired during dialog with an instructor in problem solving operations. The accumulation of experience in problem solving enables the generalization of rules and knowledge for multiple problems. Because each new rule is formulated after solving some problem and then verified by the instructor the knowledge base will be more robust. In addition, errors in the knowledge base can be corrected by the instructor during the dialog.
Corporate responsibility and financial performance: the role of intangible resources
Authors: Surroca Jordi , Tribó Josep A. , Waddock Sandra 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of a firm's intangible resources in mediating the relationship between corporate responsibility and financial performance. We hypothesize that previous empirical findings of a positive relationship between social and financial performance may be spurious because the researchers failed to account for the mediating effects of intangible resources. Our results indicate that there is no direct relationship between corporate responsibility and financial performance—merely an indirect relationship that relies on the mediating effect of a firm's intangible resources. We demonstrate our theoretical contention with the use of a database comprising 599 companies from 28 countries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic fluoxetine treatment has a larger effect on the density of a serotonin transporter in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat model of depression than in normal rats
Authors: Kovačević Tomislav , Skelin Ivan , Diksic Mirko 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe 5‐hydroxytryptamine system is thought to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of depression and represents the target for selective 5‐HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) and Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats were bred from Sprague‐Dawley (SPD) rats to produce strains with increased (FSL) or decreased (FRL) sensitivity to the cholinesterase inhibitor. The FSL rats have been identified as a good model of depression. Many studies in normal rats showed that chronic treatments with SSRIs reduce the densities of SERT. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the influence of chronic fluoxetine treatment on SERT density (Bmax; fmol/mg) in the FSL rat model of depression, relative to that in the FRL rats and SPD rats. FSL, FRL and SPD rats were randomly assigned into groups receiving the vehicle or 10 mg/kg of fluoxetine i.p. for 14 days. Binding was assessed by incubating the brain sections in a buffer containing 20 pM of [125I]‐RTI‐55 [[125I](−)‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)tropane and 200 nM of GBR12935 [1‐(2‐(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)‐4‐(3‐phenylpropyl)piperazine]. The fluoxetine treatment reduced Bmaxin all three rat strains when the saline and respective fluoxetine groups were compared (e.g., the FSL‐SAL relative to FSL‐FLX groups). Chronic fluoxetine treatment reduces the densities of SERT in the FSL rats to a larger extent than in the normal SPD control rats. Synapse 64:231–240, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopamine D3 receptor selective ligands with varying intrinsic efficacies at adenylyl cyclase inhibition and mitogenic signaling pathways
Authors: Taylor Michelle , Grundt Peter , Griffin Suzy A. , Newman Amy Hauck , Luedtke Robert R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA panel of structurally related substituted 4‐phenylpiperazines with nanomolar affinity and selectivity at D3 dopamine receptors has been synthesized. Compounds in which a heterocyclic (2‐phenyl pyridyl, 3‐phenyl pyridyl, benzothiophene, or benzofuran) moiety is adjacent to the amide was varied and/or a double bond (trans‐butenyl) replaced the four‐carbon aliphatic chain linking the arylamide with the 4‐phenylpiperazine moiety were compared for (a) affinity at human D2 and D3 dopamine receptors, (b) intrinsic efficacy using an adenylyl cyclase inhibition assay, and (c) intrinsic efficacy using a mitogenic assay. All 16 compounds were (a) more efficacious for the D3 receptor cyclase inhibition assay than for the D3 receptor mitogenic assay and (b) exhibited the same or greater efficacy at D3 compared to D2 receptor (with the exception of one compound). Although the heterocyclic amide moiety appears to be the pivotal structural element determining the intrinsic efficacy of our D3 receptor selective compounds, the magnitude of the efficacy is modulated by the (a) substituent(s) on the phenyl piperazine and (b) the saturation of the four‐carbon chain that links the arylamide and the phenylpiperazine. In addition, our ligands are functionally selective, because they can have differing intrinsic efficacies for the cyclase inhibition and the mitogenic activation signaling pathways. Compounds that are essentially full agonists at the cyclase assay appear to be only partial agonists in the mitogenic assay and compounds that are partial agonists in our cyclase assay are partial agonists or antagonists in the mitogenic assay. Synapse 64:251–266, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ventricular Function in Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Spotnitz Henry M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe history of measuring myocardial edema by two‐dimensional echocardiography and the pathophysiology of myocardial edema are reviewed.MethodsThe relevance of this subject to management of children undergoing corrective surgery for single ventricle physiology and tetralogy of Fallot is reviewed.ResultsEvidence is presented that myocardial edema is an ongoing clinical problem with relevance to management and outcomes. Methods for measuring mass increases noninvasively in the range of 10–25% with increases in myocardial water content on the order of 2–4% are now well established.ConclusionsThese methods and advanced animal models replicating conditions of surgery for cyanotic congenital heart disease set the stage for clinical advances in this important area.
Knee chondral lesions treated with autologous chondrocyte transplantation in a tridimensional matrix: clinical evaluation at 1-year follow-up
Authors: Vilchez Félix , Lara Jorge , Álvarez-Lozano Eduardo , Cuervo Carlos E. , Mendoza Oscar F. , Acosta-Olivo Carlos A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Background
Despite the many studies on chondral injury repair, no outcomes have been evaluated with the Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) Universities osteoarthritis index, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and the Oxford Knee Score, all of which are specific for evaluating the presence of osteoarthritis.

Materials and methods
We evaluated the clinical progress of patients following autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) performed by our Bone and Tissue Bank using a technique in which cells, instead of being introduced to the articular defect in a liquid form, are implanted into a tridimensional matrix of semisolid collagen (Condrograft®). A total of 22 patients underwent the procedure, 15 of whom were available for a 1-year follow-up that included clinical evaluation by WOMAC score before and after surgery and KOOS and the Oxford Knee Score after surgery.

Results
The results were improved WOMAC score from 56.4 before surgery to 16.2 after surgery (P < 0.002), average KOOS score of 83.6, and average Oxford Knee Score of 18.8.

Conclusions
These results indicate that our tridimensional matrix technique effectively improved patients’ quality of life, at least in the short term, and delayed any subsequent procedure. Long-term assessment is necessary to determine the true value of this technique.
Psychological aspects of patients with Fabry disease
Authors: Crosbie T. Wilson , Packman Wendy , Packman S. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe Minnesota Muliphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI‐2) is widely used in chronic illness and chronic pain populations to assess psychological functioning. We report the results of the first investigation using the MMPI‐2 to assess psychological aspects of patients with Fabry disease. Fabry disease, an X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder, is a multisystem progressive disease affecting the kidney, heart, and central nervous system, and is particularly associated with chronic symptoms including pain. In this study, 28 patients with Fabry disease completed the MMPI‐2 and a background questionnaire. Fabry disease patients scored significantly higher than the MMPI‐2 normative sample on seven clinical scales (Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc) and two validity scales (L, F). Individuals with elevated scores on the Hs, D, and Hy scales tend to have somatic complaints, sadness, and emotional distress. Under stress, they may experience an increase in physical symptoms. Elevated Pd, Pa, Pt, and Sc scales suggest social maladjustment, suspiciousness, and feelings of isolation. An elevated L scale suggests defensiveness; a high score on F suggests emotional turmoil. When compared with cohorts of patients with Gaucher disease (GD), chronic heart disease (CRHD), and chronic pain, the Fabry disease patients had significantly higher scores than GD patients and CRHD patients on numerous clinical (Hs, D, Si), and validity (F) scales underscoring the relative amount of suffering and pain experienced by Fabry disease patients. No significant differences on any MMPI‐2 scales were found between the Fabry disease patients and the pain patients, suggesting that Fabry disease patients may be comparable to pain patient populations.