bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood‐onset disease as a predictor of mortality in an adult cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hersh Aimee O. , Trupin Laura , Yazdany Jinoos , Panopalis Peter , Julian Laura , Katz Patricia , Criswell Lindsey A. , Yelin Edward 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine childhood‐onset disease as a predictor of mortality in a cohort of adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsData were derived from the University of California Lupus Outcomes Study, a longitudinal cohort of 957 adult subjects with SLE that includes 98 subjects with childhood‐onset SLE. Baseline and followup data were obtained via telephone interviews conducted in 2002–2007. The number of deaths during 5 years of followup was determined and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for the cohort, and across age groups, were calculated. Kaplan‐Meier life table analysis was used to compare mortality rates between childhood‐ (defined as SLE diagnosis at <18 years of age) and adult‐onset SLE. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine predictors of mortality.ResultsDuring the median followup period of 48 months, 72 deaths (7.5% of subjects) occurred, including 9 deaths (12.5%) in subjects with childhood‐onset SLE. The overall SMR was 2.5 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.0–3.2). In Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, after adjusting for age, childhood‐onset subjects were at increased risk for mortality throughout the followup period (P< 0.0001). In a multivariate model adjusting for age, disease duration, and other covariates, childhood‐onset SLE was independently associated with an increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 3.1, 95% CI 1.3–7.3), as was low socioeconomic status measured by education (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.2), and end stage renal disease (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.0).ConclusionChildhood‐onset SLE was a strong predictor of mortality in this cohort. Interventions are needed to prevent early mortality in this population.
The Structural Rigidity of the Cranium of Australopithecus africanus: Implications for Diet, Dietary Adaptations, and the Allometry of Feeding Biomechanics
Authors: Strait David S. , Grosse Ian R. , Dechow Paul C. , Smith Amanda L. , Wang Qian , Weber Gerhard W. , Neubauer Simon , Slice Dennis E. , Chalk Janine , Richmond Brian G. , Lucas Peter W. , Spencer Mark A. , Schrein Caitlin , Wright Barth W. , Byron Craig , Ross Callum F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAustralopithecus africanus is an early hominin (i.e., human relative) believed to exhibit stress‐reducing adaptations in its craniofacial skeleton that may be related to the consumption of resistant food items using its premolar teeth. Finite element analyses simulating molar and premolar biting were used to test the hypothesis that the cranium of A. africanus is structurally more rigid than that of Macaca fascicularis, an Old World monkey that lacks derived australopith facial features. Previously generated finite element models of crania of these species were subjected to isometrically scaled loads, permitting a direct comparison of strain magnitudes. Moreover, strain energy (SE) in the models was compared after results were scaled to account for differences in bone volume and muscle forces. Results indicate that strains in certain skeletal regions below the orbits are higher in M. fascicularis than in A. africanus. Moreover, although premolar bites produce von Mises strains in the rostrum that are elevated relative to those produced by molar biting in both species, rostral strains are much higher in the macaque than in the australopith. These data suggest that at least the midface of A. africanus is more rigid than that of M. fascicularis. Comparisons of SE reveal that the A. africanus cranium is, overall, more rigid than that of M. fascicularis during premolar biting. This is consistent with the hypothesis that this hominin may have periodically consumed large, hard food items. However, the SE data suggest that the A. africanus cranium is marginally less rigid than that of the macaque during molar biting. It is hypothesized that the SE results are being influenced by the allometric scaling of cranial cortical bone thickness. Anat Rec, 293:583–593, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microanatomical Assessment of Nasomaxillary Suture Patency
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Burrows Anne M. , Dumont Elizabeth R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn addition to acting as a growth site, sutures in the facial skeleton are important for distributing mechanical forces during mastication. In the present study, the extent of fusion of a facial suture is assessed in two samples of adult bushbabies (Galago moholi and Otolemur garnettii). Microanatomical techniques were used to determine the loci of osseous bridges across the nasomaxillary suture (NMS). Histological sections containing sutures with osseous bridging were rated as “fused.” One of the specimens was studied using micro‐computed tomography before paraffin embedding and serial sectioning. At all ages, O. garnettii shows more advanced fusion of the NMS than G. moholi. The youngest O. garnettii shows multiple foci of fusion of the NMS; however, 13% of the posterior most suture is patent. Throughout the NMS of this animal, sutural fusion is isolated to one or two small osseous bridges, typically of woven bone. These bridges are most often on the external (superficial) surface of the suture, but in numerous sections the site of fusion occurs deep to an external notch. In G. moholi, the youngest adults studied showed little or no fusion across the NMS. However, the nasal and maxillary bones were indirectly tethered at some levels by other bones that were fused to both nasal and maxillary bones. These results indicate that microanatomical evidence is required to fully assess the extent of fusion of facial sutures. These findings also support previous observations of differing magnitude of suture fusion between the two species. Anat Rec, 293:651–657, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mammalian Limb Loading and Chondral Modeling During Ontogeny
Authors: Hammond Ashley S. , Ning Jie , WARD CAROL V. , Ravosa Matthew J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe adaptive growth response of cartilage, or chondral modeling, can result in changes in joint and limb proportions during ontogeny and ultimately contribute to the adult form. Despite Hamrick's (1999) reevaluation of the mechanisms of chondral modeling, the process of chondral modeling remains poorly studied in animal models. Here, we characterize the macro‐ and microanatomical responses of the femoral growth plate, articular cartilage, and bone in 15 juvenile Sus scrofa domestica subjected to different locomotor activity patterns. The exercised animals exhibit thinner cartilage zones, greater cellularity and larger proliferative chondrocyte areas in the growth plate, as well as larger femoral dimensions and a more elongate femoral head compared with sedentary controls. In general, the growth plate demonstrates greater adaptive changes than articular cartilage. Moreover, chondrocyte hypertrophy and proliferation were found to be responsive to locomotor loading and thus more important factors in chondral modeling than the extracellular matrix variables that were examined herein. In sum, the underlying mechanisms of adaptive chondrogenesis and bone plasticity are key to informing evolutionary and translational studies regarding determinants of variation in joint form and function. Given the disparity between the predictions of chondral modeling theory and our experimental findings, this suggests a need for further evaluation of chondral modeling responses during ontogeny. Anat Rec, 293:658–670, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Indium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Keto Esters from Cyclic 1,3‐Diketones and Alcohols and Application to the Synthesis of Seratrodast
Authors: Kuninobu Yoichiro , Kawata Atsushi , Noborio Taihei , Yamamoto Syun‐ichi , Matsuki Takashi , Takata Kazumi , Takai Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEsterification reactions from cyclic 1,3‐diketones and alcohols are carried out in the presence of several Lewis acids. In particular, indium(III) triflate, In(OTf)3, iron(III) triflate, Fe(OTf)3, copper(II) triflate, Cu(OTf)2, and silver(I) triflate, AgOTf, show high catalytic activities. These reactions proceed through the carbon–carbon bond cleavage by a retro‐aldol reaction and were found to be highly regioselective even in the presence of other functional groups. This type of reaction can also be applied to the preparation of the keto esters during the synthesis of seratrodast, which is an antiasthmatic and eicosanoid antagonist.
Complex Kinetics of Fluctuating Enzymes: Phase Diagram Characterization of a Minimal Kinetic Scheme
Authors: Min Wei , Jiang Liang , Xie X. Sunney 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEnzyme molecules are dynamic entities with stochastic fluctuation in both protein conformation and enzymatic activity. However, such a notion of fluctuating enzymes, best characterized by recent single‐molecule experiments, was not considered in the classic Michaelis–Menten (MM) kinetic scheme. Here we incorporate the fluctuation concept into the reversible MM scheme, and solve analytically all the possible kinetics (i.e., substrate concentration dependent enzymatic velocity) for a minimal model of fluctuating enzymes. Such a minimal model is found to display a variety of distinct kinetic behaviors (phases) in addition to the classic MM kinetics; excess substrate inhibition, sigmoidal kinetics, and concave biphasic kinetics. We find that all these kinetic phases are interrelated and unified under the framework of fluctuating enzymes and can be adequately described by a phase diagram that consists of two master parameters. Functionally, substrate inhibition, sigmoidal kinetics, and convex biphasic phases exhibit positive cooperativity, whereas concave biphasic phases display negative cooperativity. Remarkably, all these complex kinetics are produced by fluctuating enzymes with single substrate binding site, but the two conformations are, therefore, fundamentally different from the classic MWC and KNF models that require multiple subunit or binding sites. This model also suggests that, for a given enzyme/substrate pair, the non‐MM behaviors could undergo transitions among different kinetic phases induced by varying product concentrations, owing to the fundamental Haldane symmetry in the reversible MM scheme.
Using BRET to study chemical compound‐induced disruptions of the p53‐HDM2 interactions in live cells
Authors: Mazars Anne , Fåhraeus Robin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractModification of protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) holds promise for novel rational drug design. Disrupting or modifying protein interactions offers new challenges in terms of chemical compound libraries and techniques for compound validation. As proteins interact with several partners in different allosteric conformation in a pathological and tissue‐specific fashion, it is difficult to predict the in vivo effect of PPI acting compounds identified by in vitro screening assays. It is therefore desirable to develop techniques that rapidly allow cell‐based validation of protein interacting compounds. The binding of the p53 tumor suppressor to the HDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase is important for controlling p53 activity, and several compounds, such as Nutlin‐3, have been designed to bind a hydrophobic pocket in the N‐terminus of HDM2 to prevent the interaction with p53 to stabilize and activate downstream p53 pathways. We have used the p53‐HDM2 interaction as a model system to explore the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technique for validating compounds that disrupt PPIs in living cells.
Polymerization and matrix physical properties as important design considerations for soluble collagen formulations
Authors: Kreger S. T. , Bell B. J. , Bailey J. , Stites E. , Kuske J. , Waisner B. , Voytik‐Harbin S. L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDespite extensive use of type I collagen for research and medical applications, its fibril‐forming or polymerization potential has yet to be fully defined and exploited. Here, we describe a type I collagen formulation that is acid solubilized from porcine skin collagen (PSC), quality controlled based upon polymerization potential, and well suited as a platform polymer for preparing three‐dimensional (3D) culture systems and injectable/implantable in vivo cellular microenvironments in which both relevant biochemical and biophysical parameters can be precision‐controlled. PSC is compared with three commercial collagens in terms of composition and purity as well as polymerization potential, which is described by kinetic parameters and fibril microstructure and mechanical properties of formed matrices. When subjected to identical polymerization conditions, PSC showed significantly decreased polymerization times compared to the other collagens and yielded matrices with the greatest mechanical integrity and broadest range of mechanical properties as characterized in oscillatory shear, uniaxial extension, and unconfined compression. Compositional and intrinsic viscosity analyses suggest that the enhanced polymerization potential of PSC may be attributed to its unique oligomer composition. Collectively, this work demonstrates the importance of standardizing next generation collagen formulations based upon polymerization potential and provides preliminary insight into the contribution of oligomers to collagen polymerization properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 690–707, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Intrathoracic manifestations of cervical anastomotic leaks after transhiatal and transthoracic oesophagectomy
Authors: van Heijl M , van Wijngaarden A K S , Lagarde S M , Busch O R C , van Lanschot J J B , van Berge Henegouwen M I 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
A possible advantage of cervical oesophagogastrostomy over intrathoracic anastomosis after oesophagectomy is the presumed mild clinical course of cervical anastomotic leakage. The incidence and consequences of intrathoracic manifestations after cervical anastomotic leakage remain unclear, and were investigated in this study.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing potentially curative transhiatal oesophagectomy (THO) or transthoracic oesophagectomy (TTO) with cervical oesophagogastrostomy between 1993 and 2007 were included. Intrathoracic manifestations after cervical anastomotic leakage were compared following THO and TTO. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for intrathoracic manifestations.

Results
Seventy-nine (15·8 per cent) of 501 patients developed anastomotic leakage after THO compared with 50 (15·3 per cent) of 327 after TTO (P = 0·853). Intrathoracic manifestations developed in 21 (27 per cent) and 22 (44 per cent) patients respectively (P = 0·041). A transthoracic approach was the only independent predictor of the development of intrathoracic manifestations in patients with cervical leakage (odds ratio 2·60; P = 0·022). Total hospital stay (P &lt; 0·001), intensive care unit stay (P &lt; 0·001) and in-hospital mortality (P = 0·035) were greater in patients with intrathoracic manifestations than in those without.

Conclusion
Intrathoracic manifestations of cervical anastomotic leakage are associated with a prolonged hospital stay, carry a higher mortality and occur more frequently after TTO than THO.
Risk of reintervention after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Karthikesalingam A , Holt P J E , Hinchliffe R J , Nordon I M , Loftus I M , Thompson M M 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
The role of symptomatic presentation in directing reintervention after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) was investigated.

Methods
All patients undergoing infrarenal EVAR between 2001 and 2009 were studied. Those needing reintervention were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic presentations. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to calculate freedom from reintervention, and log rank tests for subgroup analyses. Multivariable analysis identified risk factors for reintervention.

Results
The study included 553 patients with a mean(s.d.) age of 75(7) years and aneurysm diameter of 65(13) mm. The 30-day mortality rate was 2·5 per cent. Median follow-up was 31 (range 1–97) months. There were 86 reinterventions in 69 (12·5 per cent) of 553 patients; 41 presented with symptoms and 28 were asymptomatic. Reintervention-free survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 90·1, 85·3 and 81·2 per cent. The reintervention rate was higher in patients who needed an intraoperative adjunct during the index procedure (P = 0·014) and in those who did not have intraoperative computed tomography angiography (P = 0·024). Intraoperative adjuncts were an independent risk factor for future reintervention (hazard ratio 2·62, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·18 to 3·76; P = 0·012).

Conclusion
Most patients requiring reintervention presented symptomatically. A high-risk subgroup may be identifiable to rationalize a postoperative surveillance programme.
Vascular redox imbalance in rats submitted to chronic exercise
Authors: da Rocha Ricardo Fagundes , de Oliveira Marcos Roberto , de Bittencourt Pasquali Matheus Augusto , Andrades Michael Éverton , Oliveira Max William Soares , Behr Guilherme Antônio , Moreira José Cláudio Fonseca 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExercise training has been used for treatment/prevention of many cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanisms need to be clarified. Thus, our aim was to compare oxidative stress parameters between rats submitted to a swimming training and sedentary rats (control). Twelve male rats were divided into two groups: control and exercise training. The exercise training had daily 1 h swimming sessions for 8 weeks and a load (5% of its body mass) was placed in rat's tail. Thereafter the animals were killed, aorta and heart were surgically removed and blood was collected. Body mass gain, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), carbonyl content, total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity were evaluted. The trained rats showed a lower body mass gain and no modifications on heart. An increased SOD activity was observed on aorta after the training, but no changes were seen for CAT activity, which led to an increased SOD/CAT ratio. The arterial TBARS was also increased for trained rats. The decrease in TRAP in exercise training was the single modification on plasma. Our findings suggest that the increased SOD activity could play a role in vascular adaptations to exercise training. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New volatile anesthetic, desflurane, reduces vitamin E level in blood of operative patients via oxidative stress
Authors: Eroglu Fusun , Yavuz Lutfi , Ceylan Berit G. , Yılmaz Funda , Eroglu Erol , Delibas Namik , Nazıroğlu Mustafa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIt has been well known that some volatile anesthetic agents produce oxidative stress. Desflurane as a new volatile agent might have limited oxidative toxic effect because it is relatively a new short‐acting anesthetic characterized by a short duration of action and a quick postanesthetic recovery. We investigated effect of desflurane on serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), lipid peroxidation (LP), vitamin E, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) values in patients. Fifteen adult patients are scheduled for elective surgery, ASA I or II physical status. Tidal volume and ventilation frequency were kept unchanged during the operation. Baseline values in venous blood samples were preoperatively taken and blood was also taken postoperatively at the 1st and the 12th hours of desflurane exposure. LP levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher postoperatively at 1st hour than in preoperative values while α‐tocopherol concentration was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in postoperative period at 1st hour than in preoperative period. Erythrocyte SOD and serum GSH‐Px activities did not differ between pre‐ and postoperative periods. In conclusion, we observed that desflurane produced oxidative stress by decreasing α‐tocopherol levels. Use of vitamin E may be possible to reduce the oxidative effect of desflurane. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Cobalt Ion‐Based Coordination Polymer Nanowires and Their Conversion into Porous Co3O4 Nanowires with Good Lithium Storage Properties
Authors: Li Chengchao , Yin Xiaoming , Chen Libao , Li Qiuhong , Wang Taihong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCobalt ion‐based coordination polymer nanowires were synthesized by using nitrilotriacetic acid (NA) as a chelating agent by a one‐step hydrothermal approach. In the synthesis, cobalt ions were bonded with amino or carboxyl groups of NA to form one‐dimension polymer nanowires, which can be confirmed by FTIR and TGA results. Our experimental results show that the morphologies of polymer nanowires greatly depend on the precursor salts, ratios between deionized water and isopropyl alcohol. The probable molecular formula and growth mechanism have been proposed. After heat treatment, the cobalt ion‐based coordination polymer nanowires can be converted into porous Co3O4 nanowires, which completely preserved the nanowire‐like morphology. When used as anodes in lithium‐ion batteries, the obtained porous Co3O4 nanowires exhibited a high reversible capacity of 810 mA h g−1 and stable cyclic retention at 30th cycle. The good electrochemical performance could be attributed to the porous nanostructure of Co3O4, which provides pathways for easy accessibility of electrolytes and fast transportation of lithium ions.
Induced Chiroptical Changes of a Water‐Soluble Cryptophane by Encapsulation of Guest Molecules and Counterion Effects
Authors: Bouchet Aude , Brotin Thierry , Cavagnat Dominique , Buffeteau Thierry 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report the synthesis of the water‐soluble cryptophanol derivative 1 and the study of the chiroptical properties of its two enantiomers (>99 % ee) by polarimetry, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). We show that cryptophanol 1 exhibits unusual chiroptical properties in water under basic conditions (pH>12). For instance, the shapes of the ECD and VCD spectra of 1 in water were strongly dependent on the nature of the alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+) surrounding the cryptophane and whether or not a guest molecule is present inside the cavity of the host. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example in which the nature of these counterions governs the chiroptical properties of a host molecule. Moreover, specific ECD spectra were obtained depending on the size of the guest molecules. This makes 1 a good sensor for small neutral molecules in aqueous solvent. Finally, VCD experiments associated with DFT calculations show that the chiroptical changes can be directly correlated to the presence of charges close to the aromatic rings and with a conformational change of the alkyl chains upon encapsulation.
Ionic‐Liquid‐Supported (ILS) Catalysts for Asymmetric Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ni Bukuo , Headley Allan D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of compounds that contain new CC and CO bonds remains one of the most important types of synthesis in organic chemistry. Over the years, many different types of catalysts have been designed and used effectively to carry out such transformations. Ionic‐liquid‐supported (ILS) catalysts represent a new and very effective class of catalysts that are used to facilitate the asymmetric synthesis of such compounds. There are many advantages to using ILS catalysts; they are nontoxic, environmentally benign, and, most important, recyclable. An overview of the design, synthesis, mode of action, and effectiveness of this class of catalysts is reported.