bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of calix[4]arene‐containing polyimides
Authors: Hobzova Radka , Sysel Petr , Duskova‐Smrckova Miroslava 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThree types of amino‐functionalized calixarenes, i.e. the diaminocalix[4]arenes 5,17‐diaminomethyl‐25,26,27,28‐tetrapropoxycalix[4]arene, 25,27‐diaminoethoxy‐26,28‐dihydroxycalix[4]arene and 5,11,17,23‐tetra‐tert‐butyl‐25,27‐diaminoethoxy‐26,28‐dihydroxycalix[4]arene, were synthesized and incorporated as comonomers into the backbones of aromatic polyimides. As a first step, polyimide precursors (poly(amic acid)s) were prepared by condensation reaction of diamine with dianhydride at the stoichiometric ratio. The diamine component was composed of synthesized diaminocalix[4]arene and commercial 4,4′‐oxydianiline combined in various molar ratios. The dianhydride used was 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride. The poly(amic acid)s were characterized using intrinsic viscosity measurements and their chemical composition was determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The precursors were then transformed into the polyimides using a thermal treatment. Thermal and dynamic mechanical behaviour, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and solubility of the resulting polyimide films in selected solvents were evaluated. The structure–property relationship of the novel types of synthesized polyimides is discussed in terms of the calixarene monomer used and the fraction of it incorporated into the polymer backbone. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Acute Knee Haemarthrosis: A Case Report Describing Diagnosis and Management for a Patient on Anticoagulation Medication
Authors: Ross Michael D. , Elliott Ryan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground and Purpose. A 63‐year‐old woman was referred to physical therapy with a 3 day history of constant anterior left knee pain that was atraumatic in nature. The patient was taking anticoagulation medication for chronic atrial fibrillation. Her international normalized ratio (INR) was within normal limits when assessed 3 weeks prior to her initial physical therapy evaluation. Method. Physical examination revealed an antalgic gait, moderate left knee effusion, limited painful knee range of motion, normal ligamentous testing and negative joint line or patellofemoral joint palpation. The patient was instructed in the use of a single‐point cane, use of ice, positional comfort and relative rest from weight‐bearing activities. Upon re‐assessment 2 days later, the patient's knee pain and effusion had worsened despite compliance with day 1 instructions. Given that there was no clear mechanism of injury and the worsening nature of the disorder, the physical therapist discussed the case with the patient's physician, and immediate appointments for laboratory testing and potential knee aspiration were obtained. Results. Laboratory testing demonstrated that INR values had elevated to a supratherapeutic level of anticoagulation. Fluid from the patient's left knee was aspirated, revealing a haemarthrosis. The patient's symptoms immediately improved following aspiration. After suspending her anticoagulation medication dose for 1 day, her INR value returned to therapeutic range. She was symptom free within 3 weeks with physical therapy intervention and had remained symptom free at 1 year following the knee haemarthrosis. Conclusion. We recommend that physical therapists screen all patients for whether or not they are taking anticoagulation medications, especially before implementation of manual therapy or therapeutic exercise interventions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐purification of Mac‐2 binding protein with galectin‐3 and association with prostasomes in human semen
Authors: Block Ashley S. , Saraswati Sarika , Lichti Cheryl F. , Mahadevan Maha , Diekman Alan B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstasomes are exosome‐like vesicles that are secreted by the prostate and incorporated into semen during ejaculation. Human prostasomes are proposed to function in regulation of sperm function, immunosuppression, and prostate cancer progression. Previously, we identified galectin‐3 on the surface of prostasomes. Galectin‐3 is a β‐galactoside binding protein involved in immunomodulation, cell interactions, and cancer progression, including prostate cancer. Functional characterization of galectin‐3 in a given biological environment includes identification of its target glycoprotein ligands.METHODSCandidate galectin‐3 ligands in prostasomes were identified by tandem mass spectrometry of proteins that co‐purified with galectin‐3 during lactose affinity chromatography. Immunochemical and biochemical methods were used to investigate the association of Mac‐2 binding protein (M2BP) with prostasomes.RESULTSProteins identified by tandem mass spectrometry included M2BP, CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV, prolactin‐inducible protein (PIP), olfactomedin‐4 (OLFM4), and semenogelins I and II (SgI and SgII). M2BP is a known galectin‐3 ligand that was not previously described in prostasomes. M2BP protein bands were detected in the testis, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle, and sperm extracts. In seminal plasma, M2BP was identified in the soluble fraction and in purified prostasomes. Surface biotinylation and immunofluorescence studies indicated that M2BP is present on the prostasome surface and on sperm, respectively.CONCLUSIONSM2BP, CD26, PIP, OLFM4, and SgI and SgII are candidate glycoprotein ligands for galectin‐3 in prostasomes. Given their overlap in functional significance with prostasomes and galectin‐3, the identification of these glycoproteins as galectin‐3 ligands in prostasomes lays the groundwork for future studies of prostasomes in reproduction and prostate cancer. Prostate 71:711–721, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of peroxiredoxins in prostate cancer: Consistent upregulation of PRDX3 and PRDX4
Authors: Basu Anamika , Banerjee Hiya , Rojas Heather , Martinez Shannalee R. , Roy Sourav , Jia Zhenyu , Lilly Michael B. , De León Marino , Casiano Carlos A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are emerging as regulators of antioxidant defense, apoptosis, and therapy resistance in cancer. Because their significance in prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear, we investigated their expression and clinical associations in PCa.METHODSTranscript expression of PRDX1–6 in PCa was evaluated in cancer gene microarray datasets, whereas protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting in prostate cell lines, and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in prostate tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing tumor (n = 80) and control (n = 17) tissues. PRDX3 was also analyzed in TMAs containing PCa tissues from African‐American and Caucasian patients (n = 150 per group). PRDX expression was correlated with patients' clinicopathologic characteristics.RESULTSAnalysis of PRDX expression in cancer microarray datasets revealed consistent upregulation (tumor vs. normal) of PRDX3 and 4. All PRDXs exhibited elevated protein expression in PCa cell lines, compared with non‐tumor cells. IHC revealed significant overexpression of PRDX3 and 4 in PCa, associated with age, increased prostate specific antigen (PSA), tumor stage, or Gleason score. High PRDX3 staining was associated with early age and elevated Gleason score at time of radical prostatectomy in African‐American but not in Caucasian patients with PCa. PSA recurrence free survival in patients with low PRDX3 tumor expression was significantly longer in Caucasians compared to African‐Americans, but no difference was detected for high expression.CONCLUSIONSPRDXs exhibit differential expression in prostate tumors, with PRDX3 and 4 consistently upregulated. Their role in PCa development, and their potential as biological determinants of PCa health disparities and novel therapeutic targets, deserve further investigation. Prostate 71:755–765, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen‐induced PSA expression requires not only activation of AR but also endogenous IGF‐I or IGF‐I/PI3K/Akt signaling in human prostate cancer epithelial cells
Authors: Liu Xunxian , Choi Renee Y. , Jawad Shayma M. , Arnold Julia T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PrCa) risk is positively associated with levels of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and prostate specific antigen (PSA), both androgen receptor (AR) signaling target genes in PrCa cells. Although activated AR is required for androgen‐induction of expression of both genes, effects of the IGF‐I signaling pathways on the androgen‐induction of PSA have not been studied.METHODSHuman prostate stromal and epithelial cancer cells were treated alone or in coculture with steroid hormone and/or inhibitors. Gene or protein expression was analyzed by real time RT‐PCR or Western blotting of lysates, nuclear extracts, or immunoprecipitated products.RESULTSIn PrCa epithelial cells, endogenous IGF‐I, significantly induced by R1881, was required for R1881‐induction of PSA. Increased IGF‐I correlated with accumulation of cytoplasmic dephospho β‐catenin (CPDP β‐catenin), a co‐activator of AR signaling. Exogenous IGF‐I enhanced R1881‐induced PSA and accumulation of CPDP β‐catenin in LAPC‐4 cells. Functional depletion of IGF‐I or IGF‐I receptor diminished PSA induction. Induction of IGF‐I reached a plateau while PSA consecutively increased. Inhibiting PI3K abolished R1881‐induced Akt phosphorylation, CPDP and nuclear β‐catenin and nuclear association of AR/β‐catenin, consequently abrogating R1881‐induced expression of IGF‐I and/or PSA.CONCLUSIONSBy integrating androgen, IGF‐I and β‐catenin signaling pathways, these data reveal that androgen‐induced PSA expression requires activation of AR and endogenous IGF‐I or IGF‐I/PI3K/Akt signaling, suggesting a positive feedback cycle for increased production of PSA associated with PrCa. Prostate 71:766–777, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of a phytotherapeutic agent, Eviprostat®, on prostatic and urinary cytokines/chemokines in a rat model of nonbacterial prostatitis
Authors: Sugimoto Mikio , Oka Michiko , Tsunemori Hiroyuki , Yamashita Motoki , Kakehi Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDChronic inflammation in the prostate has recently been recognized as an important component of the symptom progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The objective of this study was to evaluate a range of cytokines/chemokines in prostate tissue and urine to identify markers of prostate inflammation in a prostatitis model and to investigate the effect of a phytotherapeutic agent, Eviprostat®, on these markers.METHODSTen‐month‐old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Nonbacterial prostatitis (NBP) was experimentally induced in groups 2–4 by castration followed by daily subcutaneous injection of 17β‐estradiol for 30 days. Control rats were fed a standard diet, while animals in the Eviprostat groups were fed a diet containing 0.05 or 0.1% Eviprostat for 30 days. The levels of cytokines/chemokines in prostate tissue on the 31st day and in urine collected the day before castration and the day before removal of the prostate were determined.RESULTSExperimentally induced NBP increased the prostatic levels of the cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). The levels of the chemokines CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), CCL3/macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α), CXCL1/CINC‐1, CXCL3/CINC‐2, and CXCL5/LIX were elevated in both prostate and urine. Eviprostat significantly suppressed the increases in prostate IL‐1β, TNF‐α and CCL3/MIP‐1α and prostatic and urinary CCL2/MCP‐1 and CXCL1/CINC‐1.CONCLUSIONSChemokines, including CCL2/MCP‐1 and CXCL1/CINC‐1, were elevated in the prostate and urine of NBP rats, and Eviprostat potently suppressed the increases in CCL2/MCP‐1 and CXCL1/CINC‐1. These chemokines are therefore candidate diagnostic biomarkers for nonbacterial chronic prostatic inflammation. Prostate 77:438–444, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of nozzle type and spray angle on spray deposition in ivy pot plants
Authors: Foqué Dieter , Nuyttens David 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fewer plant protection products are now authorised for use in ornamental growings. Frequent spraying with the same product or a suboptimal technique can lead to resistance in pests and diseases. Better application techniques could improve the sustainable use of the plant protection products still available. Spray boom systems—instead of the still predominantly used spray guns—might improve crop protection management in greenhouses considerably. The effect of nozzle type, spray pressure and spray angle on spray deposition and coverage in ivy pot plants was studied, with a focus on crop penetration and spraying the bottom side of the leaves in this dense crop.RESULTS: The experiments showed a significant and important effect of collector position on deposition and coverage in the plant. Although spray deposition and coverage on the bottom side of the leaves are generally low, they could be improved 3.0–4.9‐fold using the appropriate application technique.CONCLUSIONS: When using a spray boom in a dense crop, the nozzle choice, spray pressure and spray angle should be well considered. The hollow‐cone, the air‐inclusion flat‐fan and the standard flat‐fan nozzle with an inclined spray angle performed best because of the effect of swirling droplets, droplets with a high momentum and droplet direction respectively. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Sahara transit: times, spaces, people
Authors: Bredeloup Sylvie 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTTransit migration is not a completely new phenomenon. In fact the real novelty is that it is perceived or presented as new by international experts. By re‐emphasising the transitory nature of migration the term reintroduces an aspect of uncertainty in migration patterns, associating social marginalisation with precarious impermanence and illegality with criminality and transit, in order to provide an argument to eliminate it. In fact it is only a minority of nationals of sub‐Saharan African countries who, having crossed the Sahara, actually want to continue to Europe. The majority are happy to work more permanently in the Maghreb while cross border circulation continues on a seasonal basis. To confuse the figure of the trans‐Saharan migrant with those of the victim stuck on a boat off the coast of Lampedusa or trapped in the forests of Bel Younes at Ceuta or Mariwari, near Mellila is to twist reality. There is one certainty, nevertheless, amongst all these approximations: the precarious status of transit migrants has grown as states have cooperated in border control operations and as solidarity between migrants and other migrants or non‐migrants, which provides a safety net during migratory movements, has gradually faded. Across the Sahara, migrants in transit leave traces, particular changes in places which research must explain before they are totally erased, before both states and migrants themselves contribute for different reasons to their disappearance. The Sahara is not only a space that is crossed, it's also a place that is worked on, urbanised by the passage and residence of generations of migrants. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reverse remittances in the migration–development nexus: two‐way flows between Ghana and the Netherlands
Authors: Mazzucato Valentina 
Published: October 2010

AbstractScholarship on the migration–development nexus has focused on the outcomes of remittances received by the inhabitants of countries in the Global South. This paper argues that this conceptualisation of remittances as one‐way flows obscures the fact that remittances are part of reciprocal social relations. As such, they also entail flows of goods, money, and especially services from countries in the Global South to migrants, or what is called reverse remittances. The paper contributes to emerging literature on reverse remittances by broadening the conceptualisation of reverse remittances and presenting an analysis of their characteristics as well as those of receivers and providers. We find that most remittances from home communities to migrants are in the form of services rendered. These include childcare and helping with migrants' investments in housing and business. Furthermore, we elaborate on another type of reverse remittance overlooked in the literature: services conducted to help migrants obtain documents to regularise their stays in the host country. The type of reverse remittance received differs for documented and undocumented migrants, and the providers differ according to kin and non‐kin relations. Depending on their significance, reverse remittances can be important in determining whether and how migration can lead to a betterment of people's lives in the Global South and are therefore relevant for the migration–development nexus, which has heretofore neglected their existence. The analysis is based on a simultaneous matched sample methodology conducted with 131 migrants in the Netherlands and their network members in Ghana, using both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric pressure growth of Eu‐doped GaN by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Furukawa Naoki , Nishikawa Atsushi , Kawasaki Takashi , Terai Yoshikazu , Fujiwara Yasufumi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe investigated the luminescence properties of the Eu‐doped GaN (GaN:Eu) grown at atmospheric (100 kPa) and low (10 kPa) pressures by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE). Although Eu concentration of atmospheric pressure GaN:Eu (AP‐GaN:Eu) is lower than that of low pressure GaN:Eu (LP‐GaN:Eu), the integrated photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the AP‐GaN:Eu was 10 times higher than that of the LP‐GaN:Eu (A. Nishikawa et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 051113 (2010)). Temperature dependent PL and time‐resolved PL measurements revealed that the improved PL intensity was attributed to the higher crystal quality of the AP‐GaN:Eu compared to that of the LP‐GaN:Eu, which resulted in the enhancement of the energy transfer efficiency from the GaN host material to the Eu ions and in the increase in the number of optically active Eu ions.
Dynamic photoluminescence lifetime imaging for the characterisation of silicon wafers
Authors: Herlufsen Sandra , Ramspeck Klaus , Hinken David , Schmidt Arne , Müller Jens , Bothe Karsten , Schmidt Jan , Brendel Rolf 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present a fast and calibration‐free carrier lifetime imaging technique based on photoluminescence (PL) measurements using an InGaAs camera for the examination of crystalline silicon wafers. The carrier lifetime is determined from the time dependent luminescence emission after optical excitation. A ratio, including four PL images acquired at different times during the modulated excitation, is calculated and found to depend only on the camera integration time and the effective carrier lifetime. Therefore, the carrier lifetime is unambiguously determined by this ratio without knowing any additional wafer parameter. We demonstrate the applicability of the dynamic PL technique to multicrystalline silicon wafers. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sample size re‐estimation for survival data in clinical trials with an adaptive design
Authors: Togo Kanae , Iwasaki Manabu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn clinical trials with survival data, investigators may wish to re‐estimate the sample size based on the observed effect size while the trial is ongoing. Besides the inflation of the type‐I error rate due to sample size re‐estimation, the method for calculating the sample size in an interim analysis should be carefully considered because the data in each stage are mutually dependent in trials with survival data. Although the interim hazard estimate is commonly used to re‐estimate the sample size, the estimate can sometimes be considerably higher or lower than the hypothesized hazard by chance. We propose an interim hazard ratio estimate that can be used to re‐estimate the sample size under those circumstances. The proposed method was demonstrated through a simulation study and an actual clinical trial as an example. The effect of the shape parameter for the Weibull survival distribution on the sample size re‐estimation is presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paeoniflorin protects against NMDA‐induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells via Ca2+ antagonism
Authors: Mao Qing‐Qiu , Zhong Xiao‐Ming , Li Zhao‐Yi , Huang Zhen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPreclinical and clinical investigation has shown that hippocampal neuronal atrophy and destruction can be observed in patients with depression, and this can be ameliorated with antidepressant medication. Neuroprotection has therefore been proposed as one of the mechanisms of action of antidepressants. Paeoniflorin, a monoterpene glycoside, has been reported to display antidepressant‐like effects in animal models of behavioral despair. The present study aimed to examine the protective effect of paeoniflorin treatment on N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA)‐induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Paeoniflorin was shown to elevate cell viability, decrease lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in NMDA‐treated PC12 cells. Paeoniflorin also reversed the increased intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration and the reduced Calbindin‐D28K mRNA level caused by NMDA in PC12 cells. These results suggest that paeoniflorin exerts a neuroprotective effect on NMDA‐induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, at least in part, via Ca2+ antagonism. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiinflammatory sesquiterpenes from the root oil of Ferula hermonis
Authors: Geroushi Afaf , Auzi Abdurazag A. , Elhwuegi Abdalla Salem , Elzawam Fawzi , Elsherif Akram , Nahar Lutfun , Sarker Satyajit D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFerula hermonis Boiss. (Apiaceae), commonly known as ‘Shilsh‐el‐zallouh’, ‘Hashishat‐al‐kattira’ or ‘The Lebanese viagra’, is a small shrub that grows abundantly on the Hermon Mountain between Syria and Lebanon. The seeds and roots of this plant have long been used in the Middle East as an aphrodisiac, and for the treatment of frigidity and impotence for both men and women. The antiinflammatory properties of three major daucane esters, ferutinin (1) teferin (2) and teferidin (3), isolated from the root oil of Ferula hermonis, were assessed by the carrageenan‐induced oedema model in rats. The antiinflammatory effect of both 1 and 2 was observed with a dose of 100 mg/kg, while compound 3 did not show any antiinflammatory activity; conversely it produced a significant proinflammatory effect 2 and 3 h after carrageenan injection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renoprotective effect of Tanshinone IIA, an active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, on rats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ahn Young‐Min , Kim Su Kang , Lee Sang‐Hun , Ahn Se‐Young , Kang Sung Wook , Chung Joo‐Ho , Kim Sung‐Do , Lee Byung‐Cheol 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of end‐stage renal disease. Antihypertensive agents are used clinically to inhibit the progression of CKD, but cannot prevent eventual renal failure. This study investigated the effect of Tanshinone IIA, an active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, in rats suffering from CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. After development of renal insufficiency, the rats were treated with Tanshinone IIA (10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Serum creatinine, angiotensin II (Ang II), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) and collagen IV levels were significantly reduced in Tanshinone IIA treated rats compared with a control group. In addition, Tanshinone IIA suppressed increases in urinary protein excretion in CKD rats. These findings suggest that chronic oral administration of Tanshinone IIA can improve renal dysfunction associated with CKD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.