bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of two total transfer valve modulators for comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Lidster Richard T. , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Lewis Alastair C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRotary and diaphragm 6‐port 2‐position valves have been evaluated as modulators for comprehensive GC. A total transfer methodology was used such that all analyte materials from the primary column were passed to the second separating column. The transfer methodology used repeated short periods of stop flow, but retained good primary column performance since primary carrier flow was partially maintained as pressure equilibrated along the length of the first column. Highly resolved separations of complex samples such as petrol and essential oils were achieved with equivalent performance (in terms of second column resolution) to thermal modulation with flame ionisation detection (FID). The valve modulators tested could outperform thermal modulators for very highly volatile organic species since the modulation process was insensitive to analyte vapour pressure. The diaphragm valve tested showed the best performance and was incorporated with a thermal desorption system to provide a high sensitivity separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air with LODs for individual VOCs of 2–4 pptV for a 1‐L air sample.
Comparison of chaotropic salt and ionic liquid as mobile phase additives in reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography of biogenic amines
Authors: Flieger Jolanta , Czajkowska‐Żelazko Anna 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHighly hydrophilic compounds belonging to biogenic amines were analysed in the reversed‐phase system, modified with the addition of ionic liquids: 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (EMIM PF6) and chaotropic salt NaPF6 on Discovery HS C18 column at acidic conditions. The effect of the additives concentration and the presence of organic solvent on the analytes' chromatographic parameters such as retention factor, tailing factor and theoretical plates number were all determined. On the basis of k versus ionic liquid concentration in aqueous–organic mobile phase with constant amount of phosphate buffer, retention mechanism was studied. It was established that the presence of organic solvent with low dielectric constant and ionic liquid with both chaotropic ions allows achieving typical Langmuir shape of this relationship. Investigated mobile phase additives are comparable according to efficiency and selectivity towards biogenic amines analysis. However, the sensitivity was found to be better for the eluent system modified with chaotropic salt.
Determination of phytohormones in plant samples based on the precolumn fluorescent derivatization with 1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐aminozide‐difluoroboradiaza‐s‐indacene by HPLC for routine use
Authors: Guo Xiao‐Feng , Zhou Yang , Tu Feng‐Qin , Xiong Xu‐Jie , Wang Hong , Zhang Hua‐Shan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSix phytohormones including indole butyric acid (IBA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4‐dichloro‐phenoxy acetic acid (2,4‐D), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA) in crude plant extractions have been quantitated by means of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection based on the precolumn derivatization using 1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐aminozide‐difluoroboradiaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY‐aminozide), a fluorescent reagent synthesized in our lab recently. The optimization of derivatization conditions was carefully studied by an L25 (56) orthogonal array design (OAD) with five factors at five levels that are important influence parameters in the improvement of derivatization efficiency. The separation conditions were also studied in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limits (S/N=3) of the six phytohormones were found from 0.12 to 0.75 nM. The proposed method was the first investigation of aminozide for the analysis of phytohormones and has been successfully applied to the determination of phytohormones in plant samples such as cucumber and tomato with recoveries of 94–105%.
Social psychology predictors for the adoption of soil conservation measures in Central Chile
Authors: Huenchuleo C. , Barkmann J. , Villalobos P. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTWith low adoption rates of soil conservation measures (SCM) widespread, we examine determinants of current and potential future adoption in the ‘Secano Costero’ region of Central Chile. Randomly selected farmers (N = 140) spent an equivalent of 48 000 CLP/year (∼79 US$) on SCM. Contingent valuation of a hypothesized soil conservation programme revealed a willingness‐to‐pay of 30 610 CLP/year (∼50·4 US$) for future adoption. Social‐psychology variables from Protection Motivation Theory (PMT; response efficacy, perceived barriers) were used to predict current and potential future adoption. Current spending on SCM is influenced by perceptions of (1) erosion problem severity, (2) response efficacy of SCM, (3) farming problems and (4) barriers (lack of labour and draught animals). In addition, farm size and education were significant predictors. Willingness‐to‐pay for future adoption of SCM is influenced by farmer perception of (1) response efficacy of SCM, and (2) community support to the programme as well as farm size, age and gender. Our results suggest that formal psychometric scale development for social‐psychology predictors for the adoption of SCM, e.g. based on PMT, is a promising avenue for the analysis of soil conservation decisions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COLONIZATION PATTERNS OF WOODY SPECIES ON LANDS MINED FOR COAL IN SPAIN: PRELIMINARY INSIGHTS FOR FOREST EXPANSION
Authors: Milder A. I. , Fernández‐Santos B. , Martínez‐Ruiz C. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, we combined the analysis of a coenocline with Huisman–Olff–Fresco (HOF) modelling of species behaviour to describe colonization patterns of woody species on reclaimed coal wastes in northern Spain. We hypothesize that fine‐scale variation in abiotic factors along the forest‐grassland gradient that appears after mining restoration affects colonization pattern of woody species. To understand these factors, we analysed changes in floristic composition and abundance of the main woody colonizers according to the spatial distance from forest limit, as well as the spatial variability of some edaphic and microclimatic parameters. Our results showed how the primary coenocline extracted from DCA1 reflected a gradient in environmental conditions influencing the species composition of the woody plant communities, from the more shade, moist and dense forest on acid and rich soils to the open, dry and oligotrophic grassland. The colonization pattern of woody species is affected by fine‐scale variations in abiotic factors, such as the increase in pH, P, light, and the decrease in K, N, C/N, organic matter and soil moisture, from the forest to the restored mine. Most species HOF modelled showed monotone responses with decreasing trends along the environmental gradient from forest to mine, being Quercus petraea the species clearly dominant in the forest. On the contrary, Cytisus scoparius and Genista florida colonize intensely in the mine area, reaching the maximum abundance around 15 and 10 m distance from the forest limit, respectively. We conclude that the composition of woody species in the forest is not a good predictor of the colonizing intensity, not even of the species composition in the mine area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antitumor Efficacy of Doxorubicin Released from Crosslinked Nanoparticulate Chondroitin Sulfate/Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Complexes
Authors: Tsai Hun‐Yu , Chiu Chien‐Chih , Lin Ping‐Chih , Chen Su‐Hwei , Huang Shih‐Jer , Wang Li‐Fang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIt is demonstrated that nanoparticulate PEC with a crosslinked shell sustains DOX release and increases DOX activity against cancer cells. CSMA was synthesized to prepare PEC with chitosan. The double bonds among CSMA were used to form a shell crosslink. The released DOX from DOX‐loaded PECs against human cancer KB cells and A549 cells were qualitatively traced by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry, and quantitatively measured by capillary electrophoresis. All the results implied the DOX‐loaded PEC with a crosslinked shell had the best anti‐cancer potency of free DOX and the DOX‐loaded PEC prepared from pure chondroitin sulfate and chitosan in both the cell lines. magnified image
A Topographically Optimized Substrate with Well‐Ordered Lattice Micropatterns for Enhancing the Osteogenic Differentiation of Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Seo Chang Ho , Furukawa Katsuko , Suzuki Yuji , Kasagi Nobuhide , Ichiki Takanori , Ushida Takashi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAlthough recently a growing number of reports demonstrate that topography or geometry of the substrate also plays an important role in the fate of the stem cells, most of these studies are usually completed by a few distinct patterns such as simple lines, posts, etc. As a result, there is a lack of quantitative analysis of the relationship between topographical variation and the differentiation of stem cells. Here, the effectiveness of topography variation is studied systematically in several microengineered substrates on osteogenic differentiation. It is found that the effectiveness of the osteogenic differentiation has a peak around 3 µm in the interval length of micropatterns. magnified image
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Crosslinkable Doped NLO Materials Based on Polyurethanes Containing Spindle‐Type Chromophores
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Li Ming , Shi Zuosen , Wan Ying , Zhao Lisha , Jin Rulong , Wang Xibin , Zhang Daming , Yi Maobin , Cui Zhanchen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSpindle‐type chromophore molecules have been successfully designed and synthesized. Furthermore, a new series of main‐chain second‐order nonlinear PUs with spindle‐type chromophore molecules have been prepared. These PU offered good processability; thus thin films of optical‐quality could be easily prepared from their solutions. The molecular structural characterization of the resulting PU was achieved by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. TGA measurement of the PU showed that they had good thermal stability with decomposition temperature higher than 250 °C. The nonlinear electro‐optic coefficient of the PU‐2/poly(MMA‐co‐GMA) doped film was measured up to 32 pm · V−1 by Teng‐Man technique after poling and crosslinking. magnified image
Synthesis of New Blue Anthracene‐based Conjugated Polymers and Their Applications in Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shih Hung‐Min , Lin Cheng‐Jui , Tseng Shin‐Rong , Lin Chih‐Hung , Hsu Chain‐Shu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA series of anthracene‐based conjugated copolymers containing 9,10‐bis(6‐bromonaphthalen‐2‐yl)‐2‐tert‐butylanthracene (BNA) and 2,7‐diphenyl substituted fluorene (DPPF) moieties are prepared via a palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki polymerization. All of the synthesized polymers emit blue light at around 450 nm and show good thermal and color stability. Their electroluminescence spectra remain unchanged at high driving voltage. The double‐layer polymer light‐emitting diode (PLED) fabricated with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/DPPFBNA3/CsF/Al, produces a maximum brightness of 1 650 cd · m−2 and has a luminance efficiency of 0.39 cd · A−1. The ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TFB/DPPFBNA3/CsF/Al multilayer PLED, incorporating a TFB layer to facilitate hole transportation, produces a maximum brightness of 5 371 cd · m−2 and a luminance efficiency of 1.18 cd · A−1. magnified image
Castor‐Oil‐Based Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersions Cured with an Aziridine‐Based Crosslinker
Authors: Xia Ying , Larock Richard C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCastor‐oil‐based anionic PU dispersions are post‐cured using a multiaziridine‐based crosslinker CX‐100. Thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting films are studied by DMA, DSC, TGA, and tensile tests. Mechanical properties are dramatically improved by the crosslinker. For example, the Young's modulus and tensile strength increase from 14.5 to 125 MPa and 13.1 to 18.1 MPa, respectively, when the aziridine fraction increases from 0 to 100%. The onset decomposition temperature of the films, T5, increases from 162 to 209 °C, indicating a significant increase in the thermal stability as the amount of aziridine is increased. This work provides an effective way of curing biorenewable anionic PU dispersions to prepare high performance, environmentally friendly coatings. magnified image
Monte Carlo Simulation of Randomly Branched Step‐Growth Polymers: Generation and Analysis of Representative Molecular Ensembles
Authors: Hillegers L. Tom , Kapnistos Michael , Nijenhuis Atze , Slot Johan J. M. , Steeman Paul A. M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA Monte Carlo simulation procedure has been set up and applied to generate representative ensembles of randomly branched step‐growth polymers based on their reaction recipe. The molecular distributions thus obtained are consistent with those from statistical/analytical approaches. However, because the current method gives access to the complete ensemble of simulated molecules, a very detailed structural analysis is possible. Our procedures are applicable to any ‘AfBg’ system with f + g ≥ 1. We apply this approach to randomly branched polyamides in order to gain insight into their molecular structure and understand the effect of the reaction recipe on the final product. magnified image
Tissue‐engineered vascularized bone grafts: Basic science and clinical relevance to trauma and reconstructive microsurgery
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth O. , Troupis Theodore , Soucacos Panayotis N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBone grafts are an important part of orthopaedic surgeon's armamentarium. Despite well‐established bone‐grafting techniques, large bone defects still represent a challenge. Efforts have therefore been made to develop osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic bone‐replacement systems. The long‐term clinical goal in bone tissue engineering is to reconstruct bony tissue in an anatomically functional three‐dimensional morphology. Current bone tissue engineering strategies take into account that bone is known for its ability to regenerate following injury, and for its intrinsic capability to re‐establish a complex hierarchical structure during regeneration. Although the tissue engineering of bone for the reconstruction of small to moderate sized bone defects technically feasible, the reconstruction of large defects remains a daunting challenge. The essential steps towards optimized clinical application of tissue‐engineered bone are dependent upon recent advances in the area of neovascularization of the engineered construct. Despite these recent advances, however, a gap from bench to bedside remains; this may ultimately be bridged by a closer collaboration between basic scientists and reconstructive surgeons. The aim of this review is to introduce the basic principles of tissue engineering of bone, outline the relevant bone physiology, and discuss the recent concepts for the induction of vascularization in engineered bone tissue. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Vascularized fibula transfer for lower limb reconstruction
Authors: Beris Alexandros E. , Lykissas Marios G. , Korompilias Anastasios V. , Vekris Marios D. , Mitsionis Gregory I. , Malizos Konstantinos N. , Soucacos Panayiotis N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMassive bony defects of the lower extremity are usually the result of high‐energy trauma, tumor resection, or severe sepsis. Vascularized fibular grafts are useful in the reconstruction of large skeletal defects, especially in cases of scarred and avascular recipient sites, or in patients with combined bone and soft‐tissue defects. Microvascular free fibula transfer is considered the most suitable autograft for reconstruction of the middle tibia because of its long cylindrical straight shape, mechanical strength, predictable vascular pedicle, and hypertrophy potential. The ability to fold the free fibula into two segments or to combine it with massive allografts is a useful technique for reconstruction of massive bone defects of the femur or proximal tibia. It can also be transferred with skin, fascia, or muscle as a composite flap. Proximal epiphyseal fibula transfer has the potential for longitudinal growth and can be used in the hip joint remodeling procedures. Complications can be minimized by careful preoperative planning of the procedure, meticulous intraoperative microsurgical techniques, and strict postoperative rehabilitation protocols. This literature review highlights the different surgical techniques, indications, results, factors influencing the outcome, and major complications of free vascularized fibular graft for management of skeletal or composite defects of the lower limb. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Buttock reconstruction using a pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap
Authors: Kim Kwang Seog , Kim Eui Sik , Hwang Jae Ha , Lee Sam Yong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAlthough deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps are mainly used for breast reconstruction as free flaps, they are also useful as pedicled island flaps. However, DIEP flaps have seldom been used for reconstructions in the lateral hip region. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, no report has been issued on the use of this flap for buttock reconstruction. The authors describe the successful use of a pedicled oblique DIEP flap for the reconstruction of a severe scar contracture in the buttock. The pedicled DIEP flap can be a useful option for the reconstruction of large buttock defects, and if a transverse DIEP flap is unavailable, an oblique DIEP flap should be considered an alternative. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Long‐term results after muscle‐rib flap transfer for reconstruction of composite limb defects
Authors: Georgescu Alexandru V. , Ignatiadis Ioannis , Ileana Matei , Irina Capota , Filip Ardelean , Olariu Radu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe authors present the long‐term results in a series of 44 cases with post‐traumatic bone defects solved with muscle‐rib flaps, between March 1997 and December 2007. In these cases, we performed 21 serratus anterior‐rib flaps (SA‐R), 10 latissimus dorsi‐rib flaps (LD‐R), and 13 LD‐SA‐R. The flaps were used in upper limb in 18 cases and in lower limb in 26 cases. With an overall immediate success rate of 95.4% (42 of 44 cases) and a primary bone union rate of 97.7% (43 of 44 cases), and despite the few partisans of this method, we consider that this procedure still remains very usefully for small and medium bone defects accompanied by large soft tissue defects. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Use of the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vessels as a composite interposition graft in lower extremity reconstruction
Authors: Echo Anthony , Bullocks Jamal M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe prevailing treatment for distal third lower extremity defects is with autologous free tissue transfers. In the trauma patient, these reconstructions are wrought with challenges, including the selection of appropriate recipient vessels, avoiding the zone of injury, and choosing the appropriate flap for transfer, all while maintaining perfusion to the foot. With distal defects and a large zone of injury, the free flap pedicle may need additional length to cover the defect and reach the recipient vessels without excess tension. The creation of an arteriovenous loop from an autologous vein graft is the usual solution. We present a case where additional pedicle length was needed to have a free flap completely cover a distal leg defect and connect to the anterior tibial vessels proximally. The saphenous vein was not available as an interposition graft; therefore, the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery and venae comitantes were used as a composite arteriovenous interposition graft. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
MRI of blood flow of the human retina
Authors: Peng Qi , Zhang Yi , Nateras Oscar San Emeterio , van Osch Matthias J.P. , Duong Timothy Q. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study reports a high‐resolution MRI approach to image basal blood flow and hypercapnia‐induced blood‐flow changes in the unanesthetized human retina on a 3‐T MRI scanner. Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling technique with static tissue suppression was implemented to minimize movement artifacts and improve blood‐flow sensitivity. Turbo spin–echo acquisition was used to achieve high spatial resolution free of susceptibility artifacts. The size, shape, and position of a custom‐made receive radiofrequency coil were optimized for sensitivity in the posterior retina. Synchronized eye blink and respiration to the end of each data readout minimized eye movement and physiological fluctuation. Robust high‐contrast blood‐flow MRI of the unanesthetized human retina was obtained at 500 × 800 μm2 in‐plane resolution. Blood flow in the posterior retina was 93 ± 31 mL/(100 mL min) (mean ± standard deviation, N = 5). Hypercapnic inhalation (5% CO2) increased blood flow by 12 ± 4% relative to air (P < 0.01, N = 5). This study demonstrates the feasibility of blood‐flow MRI of the retina of unanesthetized human. Because blood flow is tightly coupled to metabolic function under normal conditions and it is often perturbed in diseases, this approach could provide unique insights into retinal physiology and serve as an objective imaging biomarker for disease staging and testing of novel therapeutic strategies. This approach could open up new avenue of retinal research. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time motion correction for high‐resolution larynx imaging
Authors: Barral Joëlle K. , Santos Juan M. , Damrose Edward J. , Fischbein Nancy J. , Nishimura Dwight G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMotion—both rigid‐body and nonrigid—is the main limitation to in vivo, high‐resolution larynx imaging. In this work, a new real‐time motion compensation algorithm is introduced. Navigator data are processed in real time to compute the displacement information, and projections are corrected using phase modulation in k‐space. Upon automatic feedback, the system immediately reacquires the data most heavily corrupted by nonrigid motion, i.e., the data whose corresponding projections could not be properly corrected. This algorithm overcomes the shortcomings of the so‐called diminishing variance algorithm by combining it with navigator‐based rigid‐body motion correction. Because rigid‐body motion correction is performed first, continual bulk motion no longer impedes nor prevents the convergence of the algorithm. Phantom experiments show that the algorithm properly corrects for translations and reacquires data corrupted by nonrigid motion. Larynx imaging was performed on healthy volunteers, and substantial reduction of motion artifacts caused by bulk shift, swallowing, and coughing was achieved. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.