bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UNFIT FOR SERVICE: THE IMPLICATIONS OF RISING OBESITY FOR US MILITARY RECRUITMENT
Authors: Cawley John , Maclean Johanna Catherine 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper contributes to the literature on the labor market consequences of unhealthy behaviors and poor health by examining a previously underappreciated consequence of the rise in obesity in the USA: challenges for military recruitment. Specifically, this paper estimates the percentage of the US military‐age population that exceeds the US Army's current active duty enlistment standards for weight‐for‐height and percent body fat, using data from the series of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys that spans 1959–2008. We calculate that the percentage of military‐age adults ineligible for enlistment because they are overweight and overfat more than doubled for men and tripled for women during that time. As of 2007–2008, 5.7 million men and 16.5 million women exceeded the Army's enlistment standards for weight and body fat. We document disparities across race and education in exceeding the standards and estimate that a further rise of just 1% in weight and body fat would further reduce eligibility for military service by over 850 000 men and 1.3 million women. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for military recruitment and defense policy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How much physical complexity is needed to model flood inundation?
Authors: Neal Jeffrey , Villanueva Ignacio , Wright Nigel , Willis Thomas , Fewtrell Timothy , Bates Paul 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo‐dimensional flood inundation models are widely used tools for flood hazard mapping and an essential component of statutory flood risk management guidelines in many countries. Yet, we still do not know how much physical complexity a flood inundation model needs for a given problem. Here, three two‐dimensional explicit hydraulic models, which can be broadly defined as simulating diffusive, inertial or shallow water waves, have been benchmarked using test cases from a recent Environment Agency for England and Wales study, where results from industry models are also available. To ensure consistency, the three models were written in the same code and share subroutines for all but the momentum (flow) and time‐stepping calculations. The diffusive type model required much longer simulation times than the other models, whilst the inertia model was the quickest. For flows that vary gradually in time, differences in simulated velocities and depths due to physical complexity were within 10% of the simulations from a range of industry models. Therefore, for flows that vary gradually in time, it appears unnecessary to solve the full two‐dimensional shallow water equations. As expected, however, the simpler models were unable to simulate supercritical flows accurately. Finally, implications of the results for future model benchmarking studies are discussed in light of a number of subtle factors that were found to cause significant differences in simulations relative to the choice of model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral nerve repair of transplanted undifferentiated adipose tissue‐derived stem cells in a biodegradable reinforced nerve conduit
Authors: Shen Chiung‐Chyi , Yang Yi‐Chin , Liu Bai‐Shuan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study proposes a biodegradable nerve conduit containing genipin‐cross‐linked gelatin annexed with tricalcium phosphate ceramic particles (genipin‐gelatin‐tricalcium phosphate, GGT) in peripheral nerve regeneration. Firstly, cytotoxicity tests revealed that the GGT‐extracts were not toxic, and promoted the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs). Secondly, the GGT composite film effectively supported ADSCs attachment and growth. Additionally, the GGT substrate was biocompatible with the neonatal rat sciatic nerve and produced a beneficial effect on peripheral nerve repair throughin vitrotissue culture. Finally, the experiments in this study confirmed the effectiveness of a GGT/ADSCs nerve conduit as a guidance channel for repairing a 10‐mm gap in a rat sciatic nerve. Eight weeks after implantation, the mean recovery index of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) was significantly different between the GGT/ADSCs and autografts groups (p< 0.05), both of which were significantly superior to the GGT group (p< 0.05). Furthermore, walking track analysis also showed a significantly higher sciatic function index (SFI) score (p< 0.05) and better toe spreading development in the GGT/ADSCs group than in the autograft group. Histological observations and immunohistochemistry revealed that the morphology and distribution patterns of nerve fibers in the GGT/ADSCs nerve conduits were similar to those of the autografts. The GGT nerve conduit offers a better scaffold for the incorporation of seeding undifferentiated ADSCs, and opens a new avenue to replace autologous nerve grafts for the rapid regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve tissues and an improved approach to patient care. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Ion transporting proteins of human bronchial epithelium
Authors: Toczyłowska‐Mamińska Renata , Dołowy Krzysztof 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe electrolyte transport system across human airway epithelium followed by water movement is essential for the normal mucociliary clearance that allows the maintenance of the aseptic condition of the respiratory tract. The function of epithelial cells is to control and regulate ionic composition and volume of fluids in the airways. Various types of proteins taking part in assuring effective ions and water transport in apical and basolateral membranes of the airway epithelium have been found (e.g., CFTR, ENaC, CaCC, ORCC, potassium channels, NaKATPase, aquaporins). The paper reviews the current state of the art in the field of ion channels, transporters, and other signaling proteins identified in the human bronchial epithelium. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 426–432, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cells and its conditioned medium support hematopoietic stem cell expansion ex vivo
Authors: Fong C.Y. , Gauthaman K. , Cheyyatraivendran S. , Lin H.D. , Biswas A. , Bongso A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) have been used as feeder support for the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but have the limitations of painful harvest, morbidity, and risk of infection to the patient. This prompted us to explore the use of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly MSCs (hWJSCs) and its conditioned medium (hWJSC‐CM) for ex vivo expansion of HSCs in allogeneic and autologous settings because hWJSCs can be harvested in abundance painlessly, are proliferative, hypoimmunogenic, and secrete a variety of unique proteins. In the presence of hWJSCs and hWJSC‐CM, HSCs put out pseudopodia‐like outgrowths and became highly motile. Time lapse imaging showed that the outgrowths helped them to migrate towards and attach to the upper surfaces of hWJSCs and undergo proliferation. After 9 days of culture in the presence of hWJSCs and hWJSC‐CM, MTT, and Trypan blue assays showed significant increases in HSC numbers, and FACS analysis generated significantly greater numbers of CD34+ cells compared to controls. hWJSC‐CM produced the highest number of colonies (CFU assay) and all six classifications of colony morphology typical of hematopoiesis were observed. Proteomic analysis of hWJSC‐CM showed significantly greater levels of interleukins (IL‐1a, IL‐6, IL‐7, and IL‐8), SCF, HGF, and ICAM‐1 compared to controls suggesting that they may be involved in the HSC multiplication. We propose that cord blood banks freeze autologous hWJSCs and umbilical cord blood (UCB) from the same umbilical cord at the same time for the patient for future ex vivo HSC expansion and cell‐based therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 658–668, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systems biology approach to identify molecular pathways altered by HDAC inhibition in osteosarcoma
Authors: Wittenburg Luke A. , Ptitsyn Andrey A. , Thamm Douglas H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary tumor in humans and dogs affecting the skeleton, and spontaneously occurring OS in dogs serves as an extremely useful model. Unacceptable toxicities using current treatment protocols prevent further dose‐intensification from being a viable option to improve patient survival and thus, novel treatment strategies must be developed. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have recently emerged as a promising class of therapeutics demonstrating an ability to enhance the anti‐tumor activity of traditional chemotherapeutics. To date, gene expression analysis of OS cell lines treated with HDACi has not been reported, and evaluation of the resultant gene expression changes may provide insight into the mechanisms that lead to success of HDACi. Canine OS cells, treated with a clinically relevant concentration of the HDACi valproic acid (VPA), were used for expression analysis on the Affymetrix canine v2.0 genechip. Differentially expressed genes were grouped into pathways based upon functional annotation; pathway analysis was performed with MetaCore and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis software. Validation of microarray results was performed by a combination of qRT‐PCR and functional/biochemical assays revealing oxidative phosphorylation, cytoskeleton remodeling, cell cycle, and ubiquitin‐proteasome among those pathways most affected by HDACi. The mitomycin C‐bioactivating enzyme NQ01 also demonstrated upregulation following VPA treatment, leading to synergistic reductions in cell viability. These results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms by which HDACi exert their effect in OS, and have the potential to identify biomarkers that may serve as novel targets and/or predictors of response to HDACi‐containing combination therapies in OS. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 773–783, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ab initio characterization of size dependence of electronic spectra for linear anionic carbon clusters Cn− (n = 4–17)
Authors: Guo Xu‐Geng , Zhang Jing‐Lai , Zhao Yuan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this article, we determine the ground‐state equilibrium geometries of the linear anionic carbon clusters C (n = 4–17) by means of the density functional theory B3LYP, CAM‐B3LYP, and coupled cluster CCSD(T) calculations, as well as their electronic spectra obtained by the multireference second‐order perturbation theory CASPT2 method. These studies indicate that these linear anions possess doublet 2∏g or 2∏u ground state, and the even‐numbered clusters are generally acetylenic, whereas the odd‐numbered ones are essentially cumulenic. The energy differences, electron affinities, and incremental binding energies of C chains all exhibit a notable tread of parity alternation, with n‐even chains being more stable than n‐odd ones. In addition, the predicted vertical excitation energies from the ground state to four low‐lying excited states are in reasonably good agreement with the available experimental observations, and the calculations for the higher excited electronic transitions can provide accurate information for the experimentalists and spectroscopists. Interestingly, the absorption wavelengths of the 12∏u/g ← X2∏g/u transitions of the n‐even clusters show a nonlinear trend of exponential growth, whereas those of the n‐odd counterparts are found to obey a linear relationship as a function of the chain size, as shown experimentally. Moreover, the absorption wavelengths of the transitions to the higher excited states of C series have the similar linear size dependence as well. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Müller glial cells induce stem cell properties in retinal progenitors in vitro and promote their further differentiation into photoreceptors
Authors: Simón María V. , De Genaro Pablo , Abrahan Carolina E. , de los Santos Beatriz , Rotstein Nora P. , Politi Luis E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUsing stem cells to replace lost neurons is a promising strategy for treating retinal neurodegenerative diseases. Among their multiple functions, Müller glial cells are retina stem cells, with a robust regenerative potential in lower vertebrates, which is much more restricted in mammals. In rodents, most retina progenitors exit the cell cycle immediately after birth, differentiate as neurons, and then cannot reenter the cell cycle. Here we demonstrate that, in mixed cultures with Müller glial cells, rat retina progenitor cells expressed stem cell properties, maintained their proliferative potential, and were able to preserve these properties and remain mitotically active after several consecutive passages. Notably, these progenitors retained the capacity to differentiate as photoreceptors, even after successive reseedings. Müller glial cells markedly stimulated differentiation of retina progenitors; these cells initially expressed Crx and then developed as mature photoreceptors that expressed characteristic markers, such as opsin and peripherin. Moreover, they were light responsive, insofar as they decreased their cGMP levels when exposed to light, and they also showed high‐affinity glutamate uptake, a characteristic of mature photoreceptors. Our present findings indicate that, in addition to giving rise to new photoreceptors, Müller glial cells might instruct a pool of undifferentiated cells to develop and preserve stem cell characteristics, even after successive reseedings, and then stimulate their differentiation as functional photoreceptors. This complementary mechanism might contribute to enlarge the limited regenerative capacity of mammalian Müller cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postnatal morphine administration alters hippocampal development in rats
Authors: Traudt Christopher M. , Tkac Ivan , Ennis Kathleen M. , Sutton Leah M. , Mammel Daniel M. , Rao Raghavendra 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMorphine is frequently used as an analgesic and sedative in preterm infants. Adult rats exposed to morphine have an altered hippocampal neurochemical profile and decreased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. To evaluate whether neonatal rats are similarly affected, rat pups were injected twice daily with 2 mg/kg morphine or normal saline from postnatal days 3 to 7. On postnatal day 8, the hippocampal neurochemical profile was determined using in vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy. The mRNA and protein concentrations of specific analytes were measured in hippocampus, and cell division in dentate gyrus was assessed using bromodeoxyuridine. The concentrations of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine, and myo‐insotol were decreased, whereas concentrations of glutathione, phosphoethanolamine, and choline‐containing compounds were increased in morphine‐exposed rats relative to control rats. Morphine decreased glutamic acid decarboxylase enzyme levels and myelin basic protein mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling in the dentate gyrus was decreased by 60–70% in morphine‐exposed rats. These results suggest that recurrent morphine administration during brain development alters hippocampal structure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insufficient endogenous redox buffer capacity may underlie neuronal vulnerability to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Röhnert Peter , Schröder Ulrich H. , Ziabreva Iryna , Täger Michael , Reymann Klaus G. , Striggow Frank 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are key players in ischemia‐induced neurodegeneration. We investigated whether hippocampal neurons may lack sufficient redox‐buffering capacity to protect against ROS attacks. Using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) transiently exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and gerbils suffering from a two‐vessel occlusion (2VO) as complementary ex vivo and in vivo models, we have elucidated whether the intrinsic redox systems interfere with ischemia‐induced neurodegeneration. Cell‐ type‐specific immunohistological staining of hippocampal slice cultures revealed that pyramidal neurons, in contrast to astrocytes and microglia, express free thiols only weakly. In addition, free thiol levels were extensively decreased throughout the hippocampal formation immediately after OGD, but recovered within 24 hr after reperfusion. In parallel, progressive glia activation and proliferation were observed. Increased neuronal exposure to ROS was monitored by dihydroethidium oxidation in hippocampal pyramidal cell layers immediately after OGD. Coadministration of reduction equivalents (α‐lipoic acid) and thiol‐stimulating agents (enalapril, ambroxol) decreased ischemia‐induced neuronal damage in OGD‐treated OHSCs and in gerbils exposed to 2VO, whereas single drug applications remained ineffective. In summary, limited redox buffering capacities of pyramidal neurons may underlie their exceptional vulnerability to cerebral ischemia. Consistently, multidrug treatments supporting endogenous redox systems may offer a strategy to promote valid neuroprotection. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When does adaptive performance lead to higher task performance?
Authors: Shoss Mindy K. , Witt L. A. , Vera Dusya 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAdaptive performance is a facet of performance that reflects acquiring enhanced competencies in response to change. Micro‐level researchers have assumed that adaptive performance is beneficial for task performance. Similarly, macro‐level researchers have suggested that organizations need to attend to, monitor, and respond to contingencies in their environments for adaptive performance to be beneficial for firm performance. Drawing from the attention‐based theory of the firm and resource theory, we suggest that perceptions of organizational politics and individual differences in conscientiousness constitute contingencies of the adaptive performance–task performance relationship. In a sample of 92 call center employees, we found that adaptive performance is positively associated with task performance but that conscientiousness and organizational politics jointly influence the adaptive performance–task performance relationship. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of dry periods along a pluviometric gradient in Mediterranean southern Spain
Authors: Ruiz‐Sinoga J. D. , Garcia‐Marin R. , Gabarron‐Galeote M. A. , Martinez‐Murillo J. F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn southern Spain a longitudinal pluviometric gradient occurs under Mediterranean climatic conditions in an area that has at least two months of drought each year and very irregular rainfall. From the Strait of Gibraltar to the Cabo de Gata in Almería there is a reduction of more than 1,000 mm year−1 in the mean annual rainfall. Analysis of the frequency and intensity of drought periods is necessary in regions where water resources are scarce and the ecosystem is highly dependent on water availability. Drought periods in the region described above were analysed using the DDSLR (Dry Days Since Last Rain) index to i) characterize trends in number of dry days and the amount of rainfall along the pluviometric gradient, ii) assess how the DDSLR index changes along the gradient from semiarid to humid Mediterranean regions, and iii) contribute to studies addressing the importance of climatic gradients in relation to the dynamics of various ecosystems. The DDSLR method enables calculation of the probability of the occurrence of dry days (days without rain) at any time of the year, assessment of the risk of water deficits for vegetation during plant growth periods, and evaluation of the temporal variability of hydrological/geomorphological processes that depend on soil moisture throughout the year. The results showed that there is a critical period of rainfall scarcity during September and October, which has implications for the availability of soil water resources for vegetation.In short‐term, the major problems are predicted for the Spanish Southern Mediterranean due to the increasing irregularity in precipitations: the number of days with no rains and drought periods are increased, but also a significant increment in the probabilities of extreme rainfalls exceeding 30 mm day−1. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Simultaneous determination of eight active components in Houttuynia cordata injection and its quality control in productive process
Authors: Ji Wei , Bi Kaishun , Chen Qianqian , Jiang Lingyan , Liang Ke , Li Qing 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA simple, reliable and effective gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight components (α‐pinene, β‐pinene, myrcene, limonene, terpinen‐4‐ol, α‐terpineol, bornyl acetate and methyl‐n‐nonylketone) in Chinese medicine Houttuynia cordata and its injection. The chromatographic separation of all eight components, including undecylene as internal standard was performed on a DB‐1 column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm). Excellent linear behaviors including herb and injection over the investigated concentration ranges were observed with the values of r2 higher than 0.9990 for all analytes. Satisfactory intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were achieved with RSD less than 2% and the average recoveries for all analytes at three different concentrations obtained were in the range of 93.4–104.4%, with RSD ranging from 1.3 to 4.1%. The proposed method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of these active components in H. cordata and H. cordata injection (HCI), including the intermediate product of HCI in productive process, from different pharmaceutical factories and different production batches, indicating that the method in this paper was particularly suitable for the routine analysis of HCI and its quality control in productive process.
Separation of monosaccharides by solid‐phase extraction with ionic liquid‐modified microporous polymers
Authors: Tian Minglei , Bi Wentao , Row Kyung H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIonic liquid‐modified porous polymers with large surface area and large amount of functional groups were developed and used in SPE to separate four monosaccharides. Adsorption isotherm showed that the sorbent with amino ionic liquid groups had the highest interaction with the target compounds. The mobile phase of acetonitrile/water 85:15 and 73:30 v/v can successfully separate the monosaccharides. The sorbent produced reproducible results and performed stably, demonstrating its potential applicability in the separation of extract from natural plant.
Kinetic Analysis of the Amphiphilic Star Block Copolymerization
Authors: Zhou Zhiping , Yan Deyue 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA kinetic model of the amphiphilic star block copolymerization is developed. The star polymer species, resulting from star polymerization with dendrimer cores and hydrophobic monomers, are used as macroinitiators and initiate the graft polymerization of the hydrophilic monomers. Analytical expressions for the size distributions for the species formed in every step are derived. The method with monomers added to the reaction system in batches decreases the polydispersity index for the products obtained. It reaches a minimum if the monomer feed quantity is equal in every step. Therefore, the dimension and structure of the amphiphilic star block copolymers produced can be designed by using the proposed kinetic mechanism.magnified image