bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nectar vs. honeydew feeding by aphid parasitoids: does it pay to have a discriminating palate?
Authors: Vollhardt Ines M.G. , Bianchi Felix J.J.A. , Wäckers Felix L. , Thies Carsten , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAs food items can vary in nutrient composition, diet selectivity can be an important trait to optimize nutrition. Most parasitoids depend as adults on various sugar‐rich food sources such as nectar and honeydew. Nectar is often superior as a food source to honeydew, yielding higher parasitoid longevity. Little is known, however, of a preference parasitoids may have for one of these sugar sources and how this affects variation in their life‐history traits. In this study, a combined empirical and modelling approach was adopted. First, it was investigated whether parasitoids show a feeding preference for nectar or honeydew in the laboratory and whether feeding history affects the preference of parasitoids. Second, using a process‐based spatially explicit simulation model, it was evaluated how preference for nectar affects parasitoid life‐history variables in fields with varying flower densities. The laboratory study revealed that naïve parasitoids showed no preference for either nectar or honeydew. However, when parasitoids had fed previously on honeydew and were then given the choice between nectar and honeydew, they preferred feeding on nectar to honeydew (with marginal statistical significance). Model simulations indicated that when nectar sources were present in the field, parasitoids that showed preference for nectar had a 1.3–1.8 times longer life span and parasitised up to 1.4 times more hosts than parasitoids that did not distinguish between honeydew and nectar. These combined empirical and modelling data suggest that aphid parasitoids may be able to discriminate between nectar and honeydew, and that a preference for nectar may enhance their longevity and reproduction in fields where nectar sources are available.
Evolving paradigms for repair of tissues by adult stem/progenitor cells (MSCs)
Authors: Prockop Darwin J. , Kota Daniel J. , Bazhanov Nikolay , Reger Roxanne L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Paradigm I: the haematopoietic niche
Paradigm II: engraftment/differentiation
Paradigm III: transient ‘quasi‐niches’
Conclusions/perspectives

In this review, we focus on the adult stem/progenitor cells that were initially isolated from bone marrow and first referred to as colony forming units‐fibroblastic, then as marrow stromal cells and subsequently as either mesenchymal stem cells or multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The current interest in MSCs and similar cells from other tissues is reflected in over 10,000 citations in PubMed at the time of this writing with 5 to 10 new publications per day. It is also reflected in over 100 registered clinical trials with MSCs or related cells (http//www.clinicaltrials.gov). As a guide to the vast literature, this review will attempt to summarize many of the publications in terms of three paradigms that have directed much of the work: an initial paradigm that the primary role of the cells was to form niches for haematopoietic stem cells (paradigm I); a second paradigm that the cells repaired tissues by engraftment and differentiation to replace injured cells (paradigm II); and the more recent paradigm that MSCs engage in cross‐talk with injured tissues and thereby generate microenvironments or ‘quasi‐niches’ that enhance the repair tissues (paradigm III).
Manic episodes are associated with grey matter volume reduction — a voxel‐based morphometry brain analysis
Authors: Ekman C. J. , Lind J. , Rydén E. , Ingvar M. , Landén M. 
Published: August 2010

Ekman CJ, Lind J, Rydén E, Ingvar M, Landén M. Manic episodes are associated with grey matter volume reduction — a voxel‐based morphometry brain analysis.Objective:  To investigate whether the lifetime number of affective episodes or illness duration is associated with changes in local grey matter volume, in patients with bipolar I disorder without comorbid conditions.Method:  Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 55 patients with bipolar I disorder were analysed using VBM.Results:  Smaller grey matter volume in the inferior frontal gyri of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) correlated significantly to the lifetime number of manic episodes. No association between local grey matter volume and the lifetime number of depression episodes or illness duration was found.Conclusion:  We found strong evidence for a linear correlation between a decrease in DLPFC volume and the lifetime number of manic episodes in patients with bipolar I disorder. Interestingly, DLPFC is known to be important for executive functions and the findings in this study might hence be linked to the executive cognitive deficits associated with bipolar disorder.
A manually controlled new device for punctuate mechanical stimulation of teeth during functional magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Habre‐Hallage Pascale , Hermoye Laurent , Gradkowski Wojciech , Jacobs Reinhilde , Reychler Hervé , Grandin Cécile B. 
Published: August 2010

Habre‐Hallage P, Hermoye L, Gradkowski W, Jacobs R, Reychler H, Grandin CB. A manually controlled new device for punctuate mechanical stimulation of teeth during functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 863–872. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01596.x. AbstractAim: To design a simple and affordable device that could apply standardized mechanical punctuate stimuli to trigger the periodontal mechanoreceptors during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Material and Methods: A new manually controlled device using von Frey monofilaments was tested on a phantom and on eight volunteers. Four block design paradigms with different timing were compared. Teeth 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23 and the thumb were stimulated.Results: The device did not induce any artefacts in MR images. The most efficient protocol included an epoch duration of 24 s and stimuli delivered at 1 Hz. When stimulating the teeth, activations of the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory areas were consistently obtained, either on the ipsilateral, contra‐lateral or both sides. Stimulation of the thumb led to activations of the contra‐lateral S1 area and either ipsilateral or contra‐lateral S2 area.Conclusion: The use of this innovative tool should allow to perform fMRI studies aimed to unveil the neural correlates of periodontal neural receptors, and to understand their plasticity induced by tooth loss and their eventual replacement by endosseous oral implants.
Attitudes towards oral health among parents of 6‐year‐old children at risk of developing caries
Authors: Vermaire J.H. , Hoogstraten J. , Van Loveren C. , Poorterman J.H.G. , Van Exel N.J.A. 
Published: August 2010

Vermaire JH, Hoogstraten J, van Loveren C, Poorterman JHG, van Exel NJA. Attitudes towards oral health among parents of 6‐year‐old children at risk of developing caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 507–520. © 2010 John & Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Objectives:  Parental attitudes are likely to play a role in achieving and maintaining a desired level of oral health in children. To be useful in individually delivered caries prevention programmes, parental attitudes should be identified at individual level. Q‐methodology has been proved successful in identifying attitudes in a wide range of disciplines but in dentistry Q‐studies are scarce. In this study Q‐methodology was used to identify parents’ prevailing attitudes towards the oral health of their children.Methods:  Thirty‐nine parents ranked 37 statements regarding the dental health behaviour they apply to their 6‐year‐old child. They later explained their rankings during a short interview. In Q‐methodology, rather than reporting one average composite attitude and opinion, various combinations of opinions and attitudes concerning these statements are identified using by‐person factor analysis.Results:  Based on their beliefs, attitudes and cognitions, five categories of parents were found: (i) conscious and responsible, (ii) trivializing and fatalistic, (iii) appearance‐driven and open‐minded, (iv) knowledgeable but defensive and (v) conscious and concerned.Conclusions:  Q‐methodology appears to be a fruitful way to structure the complexity of parents’ opinions and attitudes towards their children’s dental health. It appears that Q‐methodology provides comprehensive clusters of individual attitudes, based on various levels of responses to a wide range of questions. The five identified profiles may be useful in developing tailor‐made prevention strategies in caries prevention.
Short‐term zoledronic acid reduces trabecular bone remodeling in dogs
Authors: Helm Nathan B. , Padala Soumya , Beck F. Michael , D’Atri Andrew M. , Huja Sarandeep S. 
Published: August 2010

Helm NB, Padala S, Beck FM, D’Atri AM, Huja SS. Short‐term zoledronic acid reduces trabecular bone remodeling in dogs. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 460–465. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The effects of zoledronic acid, a bisphosphonate, on the trabecular bone remodeling (TBR) of the mandibular condyle are unknown. The objectives of this study were to quantify and compare TBR in the mandibular condyle and vertebrae of 2‐ to 3‐yr‐old dogs and to evaluate the effects of short‐term zoledronic acid on TBR. Bone samples from two, age‐matched groups of dogs [seven dogs were given no treatment (NT group) and seven dogs were treated with four total infusions of zoledronic acid administered monthly (ZOL group)] were analyzed using histomorphometry. Trabecular bone remodeling and microarchitecture were quantified and analyzed statistically. Physiologic TBR, quantified in the NT group, was significantly higher (more than sixfold) in the vertebrae than in the mandibular condyle. Trabecular bone remodeling in the vertebrae of dogs of the ZOL group was 96% lower than in dogs of the NT group. By contrast, TBR in the mandibular condyle of dogs in the ZOL group was statistically equivalent to that of dogs in the NT group. Our results demonstrate that the physiological TBR in aged dogs is vastly different in the mandibular condyle compared to that in the vertebra. A higher level of physiologic TBR in the vertebra than in the mandibular condyle results in greater reduction of TBR in response to short‐term treatment with zoledronic acid.
Appearance benefits of skin moisturization
Authors: Jiang Z.‐X. , DeLaCruz J. 
Published: August 2010

Background/purpose: Skin hydration is essential for skin health. Moisturized skin is generally regarded as healthy and healthy looking. It is thus speculated that there may be appearance benefits of skin moisturization. This means that there are corresponding changes in the optical properties when skin is moisturized.Methods: The appearance of the skin is the result of light reflection, scattering and absorption at various skin layers of the stratum corneum, epidermis, dermis and beyond. The appearance benefits of skin moisturization are likely primarily due to the changes in the optical properties of the stratum corneum. We hypothesize that the major optical effect of skin moisturization is the decrease of light scattering at the skin surface, i.e., the stratum corneum. This decrease of surface scattering corresponds to an increase of light penetration into the deeper layers of the skin. An experiment was conducted to measure the corresponding change in skin spectral reflectance, the skin scattering coefficient and skin translucency with a change in skin hydration. In the experiment, skin hydration was decreased with the topical application of acetone and alcohol and increased with the topical application of known moisturizers and occlusives such as PJ.Result and conclusion: It was found that both the skin spectral reflectance and the skin scattering coefficient increased when the skin was dehydrated and decreased when the skin was hydrated. Skin translucency increased as the skin became moisturized. The results agree with the hypothesis that there is less light scattering at the skin surface and more light penetration into the deeper skin layers when the skin is moisturized. As a result, the skin appears darker, more pinkish and more translucent.
The Interface of the Immune and Reproductive Systems in the Ovary: Lessons Learned from the Corpus Luteum of Domestic Animal Models
Authors: Pate Joy L. , Toyokawa Koji , Walusimbi Sadhat , Brzezicka Edyta 
Published: August 2010

Citation Pate JL, Toyokawa K, Walusimbi S, Brzezicka E. The interface of the immune and reproductive systems in the ovary: lessons learned from the corpus luteum of domestic animal models. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010The dynamic changes that characterize the female reproductive system are regulated by hormones. However, local cell‐to‐cell interactions may mediate responsiveness of tissues to hormonal signals. The corpus luteum (CL) is an excellent model for understanding how immune cells are recruited into tissues and the role played by those cells in regulating tissue homeostasis or demise. Leukocytes are recruited into the CL throughout its lifespan, and leukocyte‐derived cytokines have been found in corpora lutea of all species examined. The proinflammatory cytokines inhibit gonadotropin‐stimulated steroidogenesis, profoundly stimulate prostaglandin synthesis by luteal cells, and promote apoptosis. However, there is mounting evidence that leukocytes and luteal cells communicate in different ways to maintain homeostasis within the functional CL. Domestic animals have provided important information regarding the presence and role of immune cells in the CL.
Change in prevalence of overweight and obesity in Finnish children – comparison between 1974 and 2001
Authors: Vuorela Nina , Saha Marja‐Terttu , Salo Matti K 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective:  To analyse the possible changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity comparing birth cohorts from four different decades in Finland.Design:  A retrospective longitudinal growth study.Methods:  The subjects representing five birth cohorts: 1974 (n = 1109), 1981 (n = 987), 1991 (n = 586), 1995 (n = 856) and 2001 (n = 766) in the city of Tampere and three rural municipalities in Finland. Data included five consecutive height and weight measurements from 2 to 15 years of age. Normal weight, overweight and obesity at the time points were classified by body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) according to international age‐ and gender‐specific BMI cut‐off points. The chi‐square test was used to analyse the differences in the between birth cohorts.Results:  The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased significantly in 2‐year‐old boys (p = 0.009) and girls (p = 0.002) from 1974 to 2001. Insignificant fluctuation was seen in 5‐ and 7‐year‐old children. Both the prevalence of obesity and the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity showed a significant increase in 12‐ (p = 0.031 and p < 0.001) and 15‐year‐old boys (p < 0.001 in both) from the 1970s to 2000s. In girls, the prevalence of obesity as well as the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity increased significantly in the age group of 12 years (p = 0.023), but not in that of 15 years.Conclusions:  During the last three decades, overweight and obesity have become clearly more prevalent in Finnish young adolescents. This trend has been more obvious in boys than in girls. At the same time, 2‐year‐old children have shown an opposite trend.
High‐frequency ventilation with the Dräger Babylog 8000plus: measuring the delivered frequency
Authors: Wheeler KI , Schmölzer GM , Morley CJ , Davis PG 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  Ventilator frequency is one of the determinants of tidal volume delivery during high‐frequency ventilation. Clinicians increasingly use data on ventilator displays to inform their decisions.Aim:  To measure the frequencies delivered by the Dräger Babylog 8000plus ventilator when used in high‐frequency mode.Methods:  Ventilator waveforms using a test lung were recorded at the full range of settings 5–20 Hz using Spectra software at 1000 Hz. The changes in frequency produced by a 1‐ Hz change in set frequency were calculated. Actual and displayed frequencies were compared.Results:  For settings up to 12 Hz, median (range) difference between set and delivered frequencies was 0 (−0.4 to +0.1) Hz. Above 12 Hz, delivered frequency varied by −0.3 (−1.9 to +0.3) Hz. For 1‐ Hz changes in frequency settings, in the range 5–12 Hz, 1‐ Hz changes produced a change in delivered frequency of 1.0 (0.6–1.4) Hz. Above 12 Hz, the corresponding changes were 0.7 (0–2.9) Hz. The ventilator displays the set frequency during operation rather than the delivered frequency.Conclusion:  At 12 Hz and below, the differences between set and delivered frequencies were relatively small compared with those at 13 Hz and higher. Above 13 Hz, the difference between set and delivered frequencies was up to 2.9 Hz. Some frequency setting changes did not result in a change in delivered frequency.
Using video narratives of women's lived experience of breastfeeding in midwifery education: exploring its impact on midwives' attitudes to breastfeeding
Authors: Taylor Alison M. , Hutchings Maggie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStrong evidence supports the health benefits of breastfeeding contributing to the public health campaign to improve initiation and duration of breastfeeding globally, yet breastfeeding continuation rates are persistently low in the UK. Inadequate support from health professionals appears to be an underlying feature, aggravated by a dearth of professional education that uses a biopsychosocial approach. This paper describes how using women's video narratives of their lived experience of breastfeeding within higher education impacted positively on the attitudes of a group of midwives in relation to supporting breastfeeding women. It reports on the qualitative element of a two‐phase sequential mixed methods study where focus group methods generated rich data about how and why the educational intervention altered attitudes. Analysis was thematic. Six major themes emerged, ‘listening and learning from real women's experiences’; ‘generation of emotions’; ‘acquisition of new knowledge and learning’; ‘reflection on practice’; ‘promotion of independent learning’ and ‘sharing learning and ideas with peers’. ‘Listening and learning from real women's experiences’ was central to learning, and was pivotal to attitudinal change, motivating an intense need to improve practice. Findings support the value of using women's video narratives within midwifery education, through their power to integrate affective and cognitive learning, and to promote a transformative learning process. This novel approach brings value‐added learning benefits by enhancing the potential to improve attitudes towards supporting breastfeeding women and improving clinical practice.
Safety of Physiological Testosterone Therapy in Women: Lessons from Female-to-Male Transsexuals (FMT) Treated with Pharmacological Testosterone Therapy
Authors: Traish Abdulmaged M. , Gooren Louis J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The safety of long-term physiological doses of testosterone (T) therapy in women with sexual dysfunction is a contentious issue, in part, because of fear of adverse effects, such as breast cancer, vascular disease, and excessive virilization. This unsubstantiated fear has hampered progress in treating women with sexual dysfunction using T therapy in physiological doses to achieve circulating levels in the normal range.

Aim
To examine evidence derived from studies in female-to-male transsexuals (FMT) treated with supraphysiological (pharmacological) doses of T for long periods of time with no apparent major adverse effects.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search of relevant articles published between 1980 and 2010 pertaining to the topic of T in FMTs was performed using PubMed. The following key words were used: female-to-male transsexuals; testosterone; virilization; gender re-assignment; and androgen therapy in women. Relevant articles were retrieved, reviewed, and the information was analyzed and evaluated for study methodology and major findings.

Main Outcome Measures
Data from peer-reviewed publications were critically analyzed and the information was summarized.

Results
The data from the studies reported in the literature to date strongly suggest that treatment of FMTs with supra-physiological doses of T had minimal adverse effects. No increase in mortality, breast cancer, vascular disease, or other major health problems were reported.

Conclusions
No significant serious adverse effects were reported in FMTs treated with pharmacological doses of T. In light of the findings with supraphysiological doses of T, we suggest that treatment with T at doses producing physiological levels in women with sexual dysfunction are expected to produce limited and minimal adverse effects.
Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in Taiwan: An analysis of 17 patients and review of the literature
Authors: LEE Chun‐Wei , CHANG Ming‐Chih , CHANG Yi‐Fang , HSIEH Ruey‐Kuen , LIN Johnson , CHEN Kung‐Shen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  We reviewed our experience with adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL), describing the clinical manifestations and outcome in order to facilitate case recognition in the future.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 17 patients with ATL diagnosed from January 1996 to September 2009 at Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.Results:  The overall survival of the whole study group was 138 days. The medial survival of the 10 patients who received chemotherapy is 204 days. The other six patients who did not receive any chemotherapy had a median survival of 28 days. The co‐infection rate with HTLV‐1 and HBV or HCV is 47% and 35% respectively.Conclusion:  ATL in Taiwan is a rare malignant T‐cell lymphoma with a very poor prognosis. Our series raised the interesting possibility of an association with chronic hepatitis B or C.
Predictors of outcome in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia maintained on alpha‐blockers
Authors: Lo Alex H.K. , Kan Chi‐Fai , Wong Bill T.H. 
Published: August 2010

Aim:  To determine factors that could predict failure of medical treatment or the need for surgical intervention in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who were maintained on alpha‐blockers.Methods:  124 eligible patients aged 51–82 years (mean 66.8) with lower urinary tract symptoms attributable to BPH treated with alpha‐blockers were included in the study. Initial assessments included a complete medical history, physical examination, blood biochemistry, serum prostate‐specific antigen and urinalysis. Baseline symptoms were assessed by International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) questionnaire, peak urine flow rate (Qmax) and post‐void residual urine volume (PVR). Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), prostate biopsy, cystoscopy and urodynamic study were carried out when indicated. Mean follow‐up was 47.7 months. Baseline parameters were compared between the cohort of patients requiring surgical intervention and the remaining cohort who were still maintained on alpha‐blockers.Results:  Forty‐four patients (35.5%) demanded surgical intervention despite treatment with alpha‐blockers. Patients requiring surgical intervention had significantly worse baseline IPSS, quality‐of‐life score, Qmax and PVR when compared with those not requiring surgery. Risk analysis using binary logistic regression model showed that IPSS (odds ratio: 1.096; P = 0.001) and PVR (odds ratio: 1.006; P = 0.008) were independent predictors for surgical intervention. Receiver–operating characteristics curves further demonstrated that IPSS was slightly better than PVR as a single predictor. Kaplan–Meier cumulative risk analyses showed that patients with baseline IPSS ≥ 14 or PVR ≥ 100 mL were more likely to require subsequent surgical intervention than their counterparts.Conclusions:  In patients with BPH who were maintained on alpha‐blockers, baseline IPSS and PVR were two useful independent predictors for failure of medical treatment and the need for surgical intervention.