bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving anomalous SST patterns leading to ENSO extremes: relations between the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and the influence on the South American rainfall
Authors: Toshie Kayano Mary , Valéria Andreoli Rita , Ferreira de Souza Rodrigo Augusto 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSeveral studies have provided observational and numerical evidence that the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans are influenced by the tropical Atlantic within a one season time scale. The influence of the Atlantic equatorial mode (AEM) in the Pacific El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode is observationally re‐examined. The analyses focus on the ENSO‐related evolving sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies in the Tropics that follow the occurrences of AEM events and those that are independent of the AEM. The cold (warm) AEM followed by El Niño (La Niña) shows a sequence of maps that might be explained by the mechanism previously outlined on the relationship of the tropical Atlantic and the other tropical Oceans. This mechanism involves an anomalous Atlantic Walker circulation and a Gill–Matsuno‐type atmospheric response to anomalous cooling or warming in the tropical Atlantic. The seasonal timing of the relationship studied differs from that of the previous studies. Here, it is noted that the Atlantic SST anomalous conditions are persistent and might be noted 5–6 months before that proposed in previous results. Furthermore, the ENSO extreme conditions are reinforced and maintained by the east–west SST anomalous gradient in the tropical Pacific. Also, the precipitation composites over South America for the ENSO extremes, which are AEM‐dependent and AEM‐independent cases, are discussed. The AEM‐dependent ENSO extremes combine the effects from the tropical Pacific, and equatorial and tropical South Atlantic on the rainfall over South America. The results presented here, to the authors' knowledge, have not been discussed before and might represent a potential for long lead predictability of the climate variations in the tropical Pacific. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Organic‐carbon fractions in an agricultural topsoil assessed by the determination of the soil mineral surface area
Authors: Séquaris Jean‐Marie , Guisado Gregorio , Magarinos Maria , Moreno Carlos , Burauel Peter , Narres Hans‐Dieter , Vereecken Harry 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAccording to recent conceptual models, the organic carbon (OC) of soils can be divided into OC fractions of increasing stability from labile free OC to resistant OC associated with the soil mineral phase. In this study, we present a method for quantifying two OC fractions based on soil aggregate–size fractionation and the N2 gas–adsorption method. For this purpose, we analyzed soil material of the plow layer of a Haplic Chernozem subjected to different fertilizer treatments (no fertilizer, mineral fertilizer, mineral and organic fertilizer). The total organic‐C concentration (TOC) and the clay content of the different size fractions were determined as well as the specific surface area (SSAmineral) and the sample pore volume after thermal oxidation (OC‐free). The TOC of the different soil‐aggregate fractions was linearly related to SSAmineral. Clay‐associated OC and nonassociated OC fractions of the different soil samples were quantified using two methods based on the OC surface loading at the clay fraction. The application of organic fertilizer increased the amount of nonassociated OC but hardly affected the concentration of clay‐associated OC. This finding agrees with previous studies on C dynamics in soils and indicates a finite capacity of soil materials to sequester OC. Even without any addition of organic fertilizer, the mineral phase of the analyzed soil material appears to be C‐saturated.
Regionalization of organic pollutants in Bavarian soils: The performance of Indicator Kriging
Authors: Hangen Edzard , Olbricht Walter , Joneck Michael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe evaluation of the impact of additional soil pollutants has to be contrasted against the naturally occurring pollutant concentration, i.e., the background concentration. Because background concentrations have to represent areal entities, point information has to be extrapolated into the area using interpolation methods. Thus, the accuracy of the interpolation method is crucial for the correct designation of background values to the areas. For the area of Bavaria (SE Germany), the actual background values of organic and inorganic soil pollutants were derived from >337,000 data from 5000 horizons based upon 1134 soil profiles. Background values were determined for the different soil depth compartments (O layer, topsoil, subsoil, and parent material) and land uses (agriculture, forestry). For interpolation between the nodes, Indicator Kriging was applied. The kriged total area was subdivided into 6 subareas of different background concentrations using percentile thresholds. To derive representative background concentrations, the reliable segregation of the total area into subareas and, thus, a robust interpolation method is a prerequisite. In this study, the robustness of the applied Indicator Kriging should be tested. Influences of data transformations and different kriging methods upon the demarcation of subareas should be investigated for the organic sum‐parameter EPA‐PAH. Neither a data transformation nor the comparison with Ordinary Kriging yielded significant deviations in the assigned subareas. Furthermore, cross‐validation as well as addition of synthetic noise was used to check the susceptibility of the method to artifacts and changes in the data set. After random splitting of the original data set into 4 subsets and re‐arrangement to 6 half‐sets, subsequent Indicator Kriging produced 6 results with mainly identical subarea configurations. Cross‐validation, i.e., comparison of points from the kriging surface (validation data set) with the calibration data set, yielded considerable residuals between estimates and measurements. Based on these normally distributed residuals, random numbers with identical statistical moments were generated and used as measurement errors for another kriging run. This synthetic noise was added to the corresponding result based on the calibration half‐set. The resulting subareas changed only slightly for the most polluted region, but considerably for the other regions. The chosen interpolation method provides sufficient stability to demarcate the relevant areas with elevated pollution in Bavaria. For other areas, its stability is less clear. Here, additional soil samples are required.
Surface Modification of Nickel/Titanium Alloy and Titanium Surfaces via a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer/Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Coating
Authors: Schweizer Sylvia , Schuster Thomas , Junginger Mathias , Siekmeyer Gerd , Taubert Andreas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe report shows that simple LbL deposition of positively charged chitosan and negatively charged heparin can be used to efficiently modify the native surface of both NiTi and Ti without any previous treatments. Moreover, mineralization of the polymer multilayers with calcium phosphate leads to surfaces with low contact angles around 70 and 20° for NiTi and Ti, respectively. This suggests that a polymer multilayer/calcium phosphate hybrid coating could be useful for making NiTi or Ti implants that are at the same time antibacterial (via the chitosan), suppress blood clot formation (via the heparin), and favor fast endothelialization (via the improved surface hydrophilicity compared to the respective neat material).
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Rapamycin regulates Akt and ERK phosphorylation through mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways
Authors: Chen Xian‐Guo , Liu Fei , Song Xing‐Fu , Wang Zhi‐Hua , Dong Zi‐Qiang , Hu Zhi‐Quan , Lan Ru‐Zhu , Guan Wei , Zhou Tian‐Gui , Xu Xiao‐Ming , Lei Hong , Ye Zhang‐Qun , Peng E‐Jun , Du Li‐Huan , Zhuang Qian‐Yuan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor activates Akt signaling pathway via a negative feedback loop while inhibiting mTORC1 signaling. In this report, we focused on studying the role of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in rapamycin‐mediated Akt and ERK phosphorylation, and the antitumor effect of rapamycin in cancer cells in combination with Akt and ERK inhibitors. Moreover, we analyzed the effect of mTORC1 and mTORC2 on regulating cell cycle progression. We found that low concentrations rapamycin increased Akt and ERK phosphorylation through a mTORC1‐dependent mechanism because knockdowned raptor induced the activation of Akt and ERK, but higher doses of rapamycin inhibited Akt and ERK phosphorylation mainly via the mTORC2 signaling pathway because that the silencing of rictor led to the inhibition of Akt and ERK phosphorylation. We further showed that mTORC2 was tightly associated with the development of cell cycle through an Akt‐dependent mechanism. Therefore, we combined PI3K and ERK inhibitors prevent rapamycin‐induced Akt activation and enhanced antitumor effects of rapamycin. Collectively, we conclude that mTORC2 plays a much more important role than mTORC1 in rapamycin‐mediated phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, and cotargeting AKT and ERK signaling may be a new strategy for enhancing the efficacy of rapamycin‐based therapeutic approaches in cancer cells. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MicroRNAs and their role in gynecological tumors
Authors: Torres Anna , Torres Kamil , Maciejewski Ryszard , Harvey William H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThere have been only few events in the history of molecular biology that could be compared to the discovery of microRNAs and their role in cell physiology and pathology. MicroRNAs are small, single‐stranded, noncoding RNAs composed of 19–25 nucleotides (∼22 nt), which have been proven to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. The regulatory function of microRNAs was demonstrated in normal and diseased conditions. In particular, it has been linked to cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. Altered expression profiles of microRNA have been observed in many pathologies, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and several cancers. To date, more than 700 human microRNAs have been identified and in silico‐based analyses estimate at least 500 more to be identified. The purpose of this review is to present the current perspective on microRNAs structure and biogenesis as well as their contribution to the etiopathogenesis of gynecological tumors. We discuss results of the recent publications that indicate possibilities of microRNAs use as novel markers for tumors screening, early diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. The possible utilization of microRNAs as prognostic factors and specific therapy targets is also reviewed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev 31:895‐923, 2011
Grade Transition Dynamic Optimization of the Living Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Polymerization of Styrene in a Tubular Reactor
Authors: Zitlalpopoca‐Soriano Angel Guillermo , Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo , Flores‐Tlacuahuac Antonio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this work, the dynamic optimization of tubular reactors where nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of styrene takes place is performed. The effect of potential manipulated variables is addressed. The system is governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). The PDEs are discretized spatially giving rise to a differential‐algebraic equation (DAE) system. The DAE optimization problem is then solved using a simultaneous approach wherein the differential and the algebraic variables are fully discretized leading to a large‐scale nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. The resulting optimization problem is solved using an interior point algorithm capable of handling large‐scale NLPs.
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Upper and lower bounds for natural frequencies: A property of the smoothed finite element methods
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Qian , Liu G. R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNode‐based smoothed finite element method (NS‐FEM) using triangular type of elements has been found capable to produce upper bound solutions (to the exact solutions) for force driving static solid mechanics problems due to its monotonic ‘soft’ behavior. This paper aims to formulate an NS‐FEM for lower bounds of the natural frequencies for free vibration problems. To make the NS‐FEM temporally stable, an α‐FEM is devised by combining the compatible and smoothed strain fields in a partition of unity fashion controlled by α∈[0, 1], so that both the properties of stiff FEM and the monotonically soft NS‐FEM models can be properly combined for a desired purpose. For temporally stabilizing NS‐FEM, α is chosen small so that it acts like a ‘regularization parameter’ making the NS‐FEM stable, but still with sufficient softness ensuring lower bounds for natural frequency solution. Our numerical studies demonstrate that (1) using a proper α, the spurious non‐zero energy modes can be removed and the NS‐FEM becomes temporally stable; (2) the stabilized NS‐FEM becomes a general approach for solids to obtain lower bounds to the exact natural frequencies over the whole spectrum; (3) α‐FEM can even be tuned for obtaining nearly exact natural frequencies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of covalent immobilization of sialic acid on the removal of lipopolysaccharide and reactive oxygen species for polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Chang Jung‐Jhih , Lin Po‐Ju , Lee Yen‐Hsien , Yang Ming‐Chien , Chien Chiang‐Ting 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) was aminolyzed with 1,6‐diaminohexane (DAH) and then sialic acid (NANA) was immobilized via amidation onto the surface. The surface concentration of NANA was determined by 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. The hemocompatibility of the resulting PET fabrics was evaluated based on complete blood count (CBC), coagulating times, and protein adsorption. The ability to remove lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was also determined. In addition, the effect of contacting NANA‐immobilizing PET on the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by the chemiluminescence (CL) method. The results show that by immobilizing NANA onto PET, the adhesion of platelet (PLt) was reduced, and oxidative stress was suppressed. The level of LPS was also greatly reduced. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Results of a prospective study for the treatment of unilateral retinoblastoma
Authors: Chantada Guillermo L. , Fandiño Adriana C. , Guitter Myriam R. , Raslawski Elsa C. , Dominguez Julieta L. , Manzitti Julio , de Dávila María T.G. , Zubizarreta Pedro , Scopinaro Marcelo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundFew prospective studies about the management of unilateral retinoblastoma with pathology risk factors (PRFs) have been published.MethodsPatients (n = 114) were divided into four groups: Group 1 (initial chemoreduction) (n = 17). Groups 2 and 3, included patients initially enucleated with no, or lower risk PRFs: (n = 65) and with higher risk PRFs (n = 30), respectively. The later included postlaminar optic nerve involvement (PLONI) (n = 23), tumor at resection margin of optic nerve (n = 5) or isolated scleral invasion (n = 2). Group 3 received adjuvant chemotherapy including a total eight cycles of carboplatin and etoposide, alternating with cyclophosphamide, idarubicin, and vincristine. Orbital radiotherapy (45 Gy) was given to patients with invasion to the resection margin. Group 4 included patients with metastatic disease (n = 2). They were given neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery and high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue.ResultsFive‐year event‐free survival is 0.94 (1 for Group 1, 0.94 for Group 2, 0.96 for Group 3, and 0 for Group 4). Events included. Group 2: Systemic relapse (n = 2) and combined orbital and CNS relapse (n = 1). Relapsing patients had PLONI (n = 2) and isolated focal choroidal invasion (n = 1). Group 3: CNS relapse (n = 1) in a patient with tumor at the resection margin of optic nerve. Group 4: CNS relapse (n = 2). Only one relapsed patient survived. Eight of 17 eyes treated conservatively were preserved.ConclusionsThe survival of patients with unilateral retinoblastoma was excellent and 60% were spared from adjuvant treatment. Our intensive regimen was likely to be effective for prevention of metastasis in patients with higher risk PRFs. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:60–66. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum derivative of reactive oxygen metabolites (d‐ROMs) in pediatric hemato‐oncological patients with neutropenic fever
Authors: Nishikawa Takuro , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Kodama Yuichi , Tanabe Takayuki , Shinkoda Yuichi , Kawano Yoshifumi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundEarly markers for predicting the severity of neutropenic fever (NF) in patients with hemato‐oncological patients have not yet been established. Reactive oxygen species are known to play an important role in the antimicrobial function of neutrophils. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d‐ROMs) and the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) levels in these patients, and to investigate the associations between these levels and the severity of NF.ProcedureTwenty‐seven pediatric hemato‐oncological patients were enroled in this prospective study. Their median age was 10 years (range 1–19). Laboratory samples for C‐reactive protein (CRP), d‐ROMs, and BAP were collected at the onset of NF. The Free Radical Analytical System 4® was used to measure levels of d‐ROMs and BAP.ResultsA total 36 NF episodes were evaluated. Levels of d‐ROMs in NF patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS, n = 7) were significantly lower than those in subjects without SIRS (n = 29; 197.6 vs. 314.1 U.CARR, P = 0.017). There were no statistically significant differences in CRP, BAP, WBC count, or neutrophil count at the onset. The peak levels of CRP were significantly higher in patients with SIRS than in those without SIRS (23.9 vs. 6.1 mg/dl, P = 0.0003).ConclusionPatients with low level of d‐ROMs at the onset of NF should be observed stringently since they possibly have severe NF. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:91–94. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The presence of central nervous system disease at diagnosis in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia does not affect survival: A Children's Oncology Group study
Authors: Johnston Donna L. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Lange Beverly J. , Woods William G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of central nervous system (CNS) disease in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is often thought to confer a worse prognosis. This study examined the outcome of children with AML who had CNS disease at diagnosis.MethodsPatients enrolled on Children's Cancer Group protocols 2861, 2891, 2941, and 2961 being treated for de novo AML were classified for the presence of CNS disease at diagnosis as CNS1 (<5 WBC in the CSF without blasts), CNS2 (<5 WBC in the CSF with blasts), or CNS3 (≥5 WBC in the CSF with blasts). CNS disease at diagnosis was then analyzed regarding patient characteristics and outcome.ResultsThere was an incidence of CNS disease (i.e., CNS3 status) of 11% in the 1,459 patients analyzed in this study. The risk factors found are young age, high white cell count, hepatomegaly or splenomegaly at diagnosis, M4 subtype, chromosome 16 abnormalities, and hyperdiploid cytogenetics. There were no significant differences in overall survival, event free survival, or remission rates between the groups; however, a significant difference was seen between the CNS1 and CNS3 groups in disease free survival and isolated CNS relapse risk.ConclusionsPatients with CNS disease at diagnosis have similar survival to those without CNS disease, although they have an increased incidence of isolated CNS relapse. Patients with CNS disease at diagnosis may warrant more aggressive CNS directed therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:414–420. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of responders to a request for a buccal cell specimen among survivors of childhood cancer and their siblings
Authors: Ness Kirsten K. , Li Chenghong , Mitby Pauline A. , Radloff Gretchen A. , Mertens Ann C. , Davies Stella M. , Hammond Sue , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPurposeAnalysis of biological samples in large cohort studies may provide insight into the mechanism of, and risk factors for, disease onset and progression.MethodsThis study describes the methods used to collect biological samples from a large multi‐center cohort of childhood cancer survivors and siblings of childhood cancer survivors and evaluates the predictors of a positive response among these individuals.ResultsAmong survivors, female sex, white race/ethnicity, college graduation, never smoking, accessing the healthcare system in the past 2 years, and having a second malignant neoplasm were the strongest predictors of returning a sample. Among siblings, a similar demographic profile defined those likely to submit the requested sample.ConclusionTo reduce selection bias and increase the value of these samples for future analysis, additional phone calls and reminders targeting non‐responders are needed to improve response rates among those least likely to respond to a single mailed request. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:165–170. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suicide risk during anticonvulsant treatment
Authors: Pompili Maurizio , Tatarelli Roberto , Girardi Paolo , Tondo Leonardo , Baldessarini Ross J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecent research findings suggest possible increases in risk of suicidal behaviors among patients treated with anticonvulsants. The available evidence appears to support such a risk more clearly for patients diagnosed with epilepsy rather than with primary psychiatric disorders. However, the studies involved are limited by providing associational findings that may be confounded by several uncontrolled variables. Such limitations should be considered in future research on adverse effects of anticonvulsants and other centrally acting drugs. For now, however, clinical prudence calls for routine, ongoing assessment of mood and suicidal thoughts among neurological or psychiatric patients, whether or not treated with particular drugs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential bromination reactions from beads with methyltriphenylphosphonium tribromide groups
Authors: Cristiano Rodrigo , Walls Andrew D. , Weiss Richard G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA reusable bromination reagent based on polystyrene beads with covalently appended methyltriphenylphosphonium tribromide groups has been developed. The results from bromination reactions of several structurally diverse unsaturated substrates with the beads and with solutions of a non‐polymeric model brominating reagent, methyltriphenylphosphonium tribromide, are described. It is shown that the reactions are highly regio‐ and stereo‐selective and can be conducted easily. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Study of the Carbonisation of CoTMPP by Low Temperature Plasma and Heat Treatment
Authors: Herrmann Iris , Kramm Ulrike Ingrid , Fiechter Sebastian , Brüser Volker , Kersten Holger , Bogdanoff Peter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLow temperature plasma (LTP) treatment of cobalt‐tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin (CoTMPP) has been applied as a promising alternative method to the conventional heat treatment in order to attain highly active catalysts for the electroreduction of oxygen. In this contribution it is shown that CoTMPP can be completely transformed into a carbon matrix by adjusting adequate LTP parameters. The carbonisation process of CoTMPP is investigated at different operation conditions by Raman and IR spectroscopy and compared with the structural features of the heat‐treated samples. As a result it appears that the LTP occurs via a different carbonisation process, which yields in a more homogeneously defined molecular carbon structure.magnified image