bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideal Timing and Predialysis Nephrology Care Duration for Dialysis Initiation: From Analysis of Japanese Dialysis Initiation Survey
Authors: Yamagata Kunihiro , Nakai Shigeru , Masakane Ikuto , Hanafusa Norio , Iseki Kunitoshi , Tsubakihara Yoshiharu ,   the Committee of Renal Data Registry of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that early initiation of dialysis therapy was not superior in terms of patient survival. In this study, we analyzed the effects of renal function at the start of renal replacement therapy (RRT), duration of nephrology care, and comorbidity on 12‐month survival of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The subjects in this study were 9695 new ESRD patients who started RRT in 2007. The average age of the subjects was 67.5 years, 64.1% of the subjects were male, and 42.9% had diabetes. During the 12‐month period after the start of RRT, 1546 patients died, and 35 patients received renal transplantation. Average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the initiation of dialysis was 6.52 ± 4.20 mL/min/1.73 m2. By unadjusted logistic analysis, one‐year Odds Ratio (OR) of mortality in patients with eGFR more than 4–6 mL/min/1.73 m2 was increased with increased eGFR at dialysis initiation, but the OR was identical among the groups with eGFR less than 4 mL/min/1.73 m2. After adjustment for age, gender, underlying renal diseases, and other clinical characteristics at dialysis initiation, OR was identical among the groups with eGFR less than 8 mL/min/1.73 m2. Furthermore, an OR increment was observed in eGFR less than 4 mL/min/1.73 m2 group. In terms of the duration of nephrology care before dialysis initiation, 6 months or longer of nephrology care significantly decreased the OR of mortality after adjustment of covariance. Not only patients with sufficient residual renal function at the initiation of dialysis, but also patients with very low eGFR at the initiation of dialysis showed poor survival.
Protein Oxidative Stress and Dyslipidemia in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Marques de Mattos Andresa , Marino Larissa Vieira , Ovidio Paula Payão , Jordão Alceu Afonso , Almeida Carla Cristina , Chiarello Paula Garcia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOur aim was to investigate and determine the associations between oxidative stress (OS), dyslipidemia and inflammation in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD) using observational cross‐sectional study. Twenty patients in CAPD and 48 in HD for at least 8 weeks and aged ≥18 years were included in the study. Individuals with malignant or acute inflammatory disease were excluded. A control group of 17 healthy individuals was also recruited. The biochemical parameter evaluations were analyzed using colorimetric kits for albumin, serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and lipid fractions. To determine the inflammatory status, CRP, IL‐6 and TNF‐α were analyzed by automated chemiluminescence kits. Plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were determined by spectrophotometry. Mean AOPP levels were significantly higher for the HD group compared to the control, and there was no difference in AOPP concentrations between the control and CAPD groups. Dialysis patients had levels of inflammatory parameters higher than controls, and showed a high prevalence of patients with dyslipidemia, especially in CAPD. In the HD group, AOPP was positively correlated with triglycerides (TG) and inversely associated with HDL. Also the HD group was observed to have negative associations between TNF‐α and HDL, LDL and TC. In the CAPD group, CRP was inversely correlated with HDL. Hemodialysis patients had increased protein OS and associations of inflammation and dyslipidemia were also observed in these dialysis groups. A more detailed characterization of the relations between oxidative stress and other more traditional risk factors has therapeutic importance, since cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among dialysis patients.
Reference intervals forGreyhounds andLurchers using theSysmexXT‐2000iVhematology analyzer
Authors: Campora Carola , Freeman Kathleen P. , Serra Mariana , Sacchini Federico 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThe need for breed‐specific reference intervals (RIs) forGreyhounds has been identified. AsLurchers are a sighthound cross‐breed, specificRIsmay also be needed for these dogs. HematologicRIsforGreyhounds andLurchers using theSysmexXT‐2000iVhematology analyzer have not been established.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to establishRIsforGreyhounds using theSysmexXT‐2000iV, to investigate whetherRIsforGreyhound and nonsighthound dogs could be transferred toLurchers, and to establish newRIsforLurchers if transference was not possible.MethodsData were retrieved retrospectively from a database of blood donor dogs.GreyhoundRIswere established using nonparametric methods based on a reference population of 179 dogs. For theRItransference study, 38Lurchers were selected, following guidelines proposed by theClinical andLaboratoryStandardsInstitute. When transference was not appropriate, newRIswere generated using the robust method.ResultsGreyhoundRIsfor theSysmex hematology analyzer reflected known differences in this breed with a tendency toward higherRBCmass and lowerWBCand platelet counts.RIsfor hemoglobin concentration,HCT,MCV,MCH,MCHC, andWBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts forGreyhounds were suitable for transference toLurchers. ForRBCand eosinophil counts, newRIswere established.ConclusionOur study suggests thatLurchers share many hematologic characteristics withGreyhounds, but had higher reference limits forRBCand eosinophil counts.
Performance evaluation of the Sysmex pocH‐100iV Diff hematology analyzer for analysis of canine, feline, equine, and bovine blood
Authors: Riond Barbara , Weissenbacher Stefan , Hofmann‐Lehmann Regina , Lutz Hans 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThe Sysmex pocH‐100iV Diff is an impedance hematology analyzer recently introduced for point‐of‐care use in veterinary practices in Europe.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to validate the pocH‐100iV Diff for analysis of blood samples from dogs, cats, horses, and cattle.MethodsFresh EDTA‐blood samples from healthy and ill dogs (115), cats (94), horses (91), and cattle (78) were analyzed on the pocH‐100iV Diff and the Cell‐Dyn 3500. Results of the automated WBC differential counts were compared with the manual differential counts for 77 dogs, 65 cats, 40 horses, and 46 cattle. HCT were compared with PCVs obtained by microhematocrit centrifugation. Furthermore, precision, linearity, carry‐over, cell aging, and clinical relevance of the pocH‐100iV Diff results were assessed.ResultsMost of the CBC results obtained by the pocH‐100iV Diff correlated well with those of the Cell‐Dyn 3500. Slightly low correlation was observed for canine MCV and hemoglobin concentration. Lymphocytes correlated well in horses and cattle, but less well in cats and dogs. The mixed cell population termed “OTHRS” (all granulocytes and monocytes for horses and cattle; neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils for cats and dogs) correlated well in all tested species. The instrument overestimated feline and canine eosinophils. In cats, platelet counts showed a strong negative bias.ConclusionsThe overall performance of the pocH‐100iV Diff was excellent with the noted limitations. The automated differential count can be used as screening tool in conjunction with evaluation of a blood smear.
Evolution MegaLab: a case study in citizen science methods
Authors: Worthington Jenny P. , Silvertown Jonathan , Cook Laurence , Cameron Robert , Dodd Mike , Greenwood Richard M. , McConway Kevin , Skelton Peter 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. Volunteers have helped in scientific surveys of birds and other organisms for decades, but more recently, the use of the Internet has enormously widened the opportunity for citizen science and greatly increased its practice. There is now a need to share experience of which methods work and which do not. Here, we describe how we planned and executed the Evolution MegaLab, one of the largest surveys of polymorphism in wild species so far undertaken.2. The aim of the Evolution MegaLab was to exploit the occasion of Charles Darwin’s double centenary in 2009 to mobilize the widest possible section of the general public in Europe to help survey shell polymorphism in the banded snails Cepaea nemoralis and Cepaea hortensis. These data were then compared with historical records to detect evolutionary change that may have taken place in the decades between samples.3. Records of polymorphism in over 7000 populations sampled throughout the natural range of the two species were captured from published and unpublished sources and added to an online database. These data could be explored by the general public via a Google Maps interface on the project website (http://evolutionmegalab.org). The website contained a welcome page that explained what evolution is and how recent changes in climate, and the abundance of predatory birds (song thrushes Turdus philomelos) might have caused an evolutionary change in the shell patterns of banded snails.4. A network of collaborators in 15 European countries was formed, with each country responsible for translating the website and associated materials, recruiting volunteers and raising any funds required locally. A total of 6461 users registered with the site, and 7629 records were submitted. We used an online quiz to train users and to test their ability, to recognize the correct snails and their morphs. Every user received automated, immediate feedback that compared their data with nearby records from the historical database.5. The critical tasks achieved by the Evolution MegaLab that any citizen science project must tackle are as follows: (i) design of an appropriate project, (ii) recruitment, motivation and training of volunteers, and (iii) ensuring data quality.
Antigens of persistentChlamydia pneumoniaewithin coronary atheroma from patients undergoing heart transplantation
Authors: Borel Nicole , Pospischil Andreas , Dowling Robert D , Dumrese Claudia , Gaydos Charlotte A , Bunk Sebastian , Hermann Corinna , Ramirez Julio A , Summersgill James T 
Published: November 2011

AimsIn order forChlamydia pneumoniaeto play a causative role in chronic human disease, it would need to persist within infected tissue for extended periods of time. Current theory suggests thatC pneumoniaemay persist at the site of infection via an alternative replicative form, known as an aberrant body.MethodsA panel ofC pneumoniae-specific antibodies upregulated by the aberrant body was used to probe tissue specimens from the coronary atheroma from 13 explanted hearts to identify patterns of reactivity in these tissues, as well as to determine the presence and prevalence ofC pneumoniaeaberrant bodies.ResultsSix of 13 patients had an ischaemic cardiomyopathy secondary to coronary atherosclerosis, while another six patients had an idiopathic, dilated cardiomyopathy. One additional patient, a young (24 years) woman with cardiomyopathy, had no history of atherosclerotic disease. Eleven patients were positive by immunohistochemistry with at least one antibody. Coronary arteries of the two other patients were negative by immunohistochemistry with all antibodies. One of these patients was the 24-year-old woman with grade I disease and no risk factors for coronary artery disease.ConclusionsThe protein antigens of persistentC pneumoniaeinfection found in the atheromatous lesions from patients in this study could potentially be used as markers to detect such infections and some may be virulence factors or immunogens specific toC pneumoniae, thus serving as target molecules for diagnostic use or therapeutic intervention.
Correlation between expression of cellular retinol-binding protein 1 and its methylation status in larynx cancer
Authors: Peralta Raúl , Valdivia Alejandra , Alvarado-Cabrero Isabel , Gallegos Francisco , Apresa Teresa , Hernández Dulce , Mendoza Mónica , Romero Pablo , Paniagua Lucero , Ibáñez Miguel , Cabrera Lourdes , Salcedo Mauricio 
Published: November 2011

AimsThe authors have previously reported that cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1) gene gain and its expression correlated significantly with survival in laryngeal carcinoma patients. The authors hypothesised that inactivation of theCRBP1gene through CpG methylation is associated with patient status and gene expression. In this work, the authors determine the expression and methylation status of theCRBP1gene and its correlation with clinical variables of laryngeal carcinoma patients.MethodsTheCRBP1gene methylation promoter was assessed by methylation specific PCR analysis in tissue samples from larynx cancer specimens and its expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on paraffin embedded tissue using tissue microarray. The results were then compared with the clinical pathological variables and outcome measures. The study included 46 samples from patients with non-metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx without any previous oncological treatments.ResultsLack of CRBP1 expression was seen in 17 of the 46 laryngeal carcinoma samples, while the remaining 29 samples showed increased expression. Significant associations were found between CRBP1 expression and methylation and patient status. There was a tendency for association in all clinical stages of the disease.CRBP1gene expression and its unmethylated promoter correlated significantly with survival (p<0.05).ConclusionsAn early event of larynx cancer could be CRBP1 expression related to unmethylation of the promoter region. These features could also be associated with good response and survival. The authors hypothesised that increased expression and unmethylated promoter of theCRBP1gene could be considered as markers for larynx cancer.
The structure of the Glenelg-Attadale Lewisianoid Inlier and its relationship to the Moine Thrust Zone
Authors: Barber A. J. 
Published: November 2011

Synopsis
The Glenelg-Attadale Lewisianoid Inlier lies adjacent to the Moine Thrust Zone. The inlier is surrounded and divided into Eastern and Western units by Moinian metasediments. The Eastern Unit was emplaced against the Western Unit in the Grenvillian Orogeny. Moinian sediments were deposited unconformably on both units in the Neoproterozoic. During the Late Neoproterozoic Knoydartian and Lower Palaeozoic Caledonian orogenies both the inlier and the overlying Moinian rocks were deformed and metamorphosed in the amphibolite facies. Deformation affected particularly the western and eastern margins of the inlier and a strip of infolded Moinian rocks between Eastern and Western units, with the formation of blastomylonites and isoclinal folding (F1). Above a major décollement in the Moine strip and along the western margin of the inlier, the rocks were folded by easterly plunging reclined (F2) folds. This phase of folding affected mainly the Lewisianoid rocks of the Eastern Unit and the adjacent Moine sediments of the Mountain Belt. Deformation was associated with the formation of a large-scale mushroom interference structure and the extrusion of the inlier northwestwards, towards the foreland, marked by a dominant ESE stretching lineation. In Avernish, reclined F2 folds are cut by randomly-oriented hornblende porphyroblasts, which are altered to biotite and smeared out in localized mylonitic shear zones similar to the mylonites in the Moine Thrust Zone. If these mylonitic shear zones were formed contemporaneously with the mylonites in the Thrust Zone, folding and thrusting events superimposed on the mylonites, must have occurred later than events in the Mountain Belt.
Early Carboniferous stratigraphy in the Firth of Clyde area: new information from the Isle of Bute
Authors: Young G. M. , Caldwell W. G. E. 
Published: November 2011

Synopsis
On the Isle of Bute, the Carboniferous Period is represented mainly by volcanic rocks of the Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation (Viséan, mid- to late Holkerian). Although previously considered to lie on rocks of the Upper Old Red Sandstone (Bute Conglomerate, mainly Famennian) or Kinnesswood Formation of the Inverclyde Group (mainly Tournaisian), exposed contacts in south Bute show the volcanic rocks to lie disconformably on the lower part of the Clyde Sandstone Formation (higher in that same group). Detailed mapping and measurement of stratigraphic sections at several locations in south Bute reveals the Courceyan to Chadian (Inverclyde) sedimentary succession to comprise the Kinnesswood, Ballagan, and the lower part of the Clyde Sandstone formations. In the Ascog area in the east-central part of Bute, the Birgidale Formation (Viséan; Holkerian) overlies these formations and is conformably overlain by volcanic rocks of the Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation. Newly discovered exposures of the Ballagan Formation at Dunagoil Bay on the west side of south Bute extend the known distribution of the formation on the island. The relatively thin development of Inverclyde formations in south Bute probably reflects the palaeogeographical position of the area on the northeastern shoulder of the now-submerged North-East Arran Trough. The Inverclyde Group rocks are mostly of terrestrial origin but the Ballagan Formation denotes a short-lived shallow marine incursion. Overall, these rocks record a transition from semi-arid to humid climatic conditions, consonant with the suggestion, based on palaeomagnetic investigations, that at the time of deposition the area migrated northwards through arid to tropical palaeolatitudes.
SMAC Mimetic (JP1201) Sensitizes Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers to Multiple Chemotherapy Agents in an IAP-Dependent but TNF-α–Independent Manner
Authors: Greer Rachel M. , Peyton Michael , Larsen Jill E. , Girard Luc , Xie Yang , Gazdar Adi F. , Harran Patrick , Wang Lai , Brekken Rolf A. , Wang Xiaodong , Minna John D. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) are key regulators of apoptosis and are inhibited by the second mitocondrial activator of caspases (SMAC). Previously, a small subset of TNF-α–expressing non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) was found to be sensitive to SMAC mimetics alone. In this study, we determined if a SMAC mimetic (JP1201) could sensitize nonresponsive NSCLC cell lines to standard chemotherapy. We found that JP1201 sensitized NSCLCs to doxorubicin, erlotinib, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, vinorelbine, and the combination of carboplatin with paclitaxel in a synergistic manner at clinically achievable drug concentrations. Sensitization did not occur with platinum alone. Furthermore, sensitization was specific for tumor compared with normal lung epithelial cells, increased in NSCLCs harvested after chemotherapy treatment, and did not induce TNF-α secretion. Sensitization also was enhanced in vivo with increased tumor inhibition and increased survival of mice carrying xenografts. These effects were accompanied by caspase 3, 4, and 9 activation, indicating that both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic pathways are activated by the combination of vinorelbine and JP1201. Chemotherapies that induce cell death through the mitochondrial pathway required only inhibition of X-linked IAP (XIAP) for sensitization, whereas chemotherapies that induce cell death through multiple apoptotic pathways required inhibition of cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP. Therefore, the data suggest that IAP-targeted therapy using a SMAC mimetic provides a new therapeutic strategy for synergistic sensitization of NSCLCs to standard chemotherapy agents, which seems to occur independently of TNF-α secretion. Cancer Res; 71(24); 7640–8. ©2011 AACR.
Comments on “Why Hasn’t Earth Warmed as Much as Expected?”
Authors: Knutti Reto , Plattner Gian-Kasper 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In a recent paper, Schwartz et al. suggest that 1) over the last century the earth has warmed less than expected, and they discuss several factors that could explain the discrepancy, including climate sensitivity estimates and aerosol forcing. Schwartz et al. then continue to 2) estimate the allowed carbon emissions for stabilization of global temperature, and find that given the uncertainty in the climate sensitivity even the sign of these allowed carbon emissions is unknown, implying that past emissions may already have committed the earth to 2°C warming for a best-estimate value of climate sensitivity of 3 K. Both of these conclusions in the Schwartz et al. study are revisited herein, and it is shown that 1) in contrast to Schwartz et al., current assessments of climate sensitivity, radiative forcing, and thermal disequilibrium do not support the claim of a discrepancy between expected and observed warming; and 2) the allowed emissions estimated by Schwartz et al. are in conflict with results from a hierarchy of climate–carbon cycle models and are strongly underestimated due to erroneous assumptions about the behavior of the carbon cycle and a confusion of the relevant time scales.
Atmospheric Circulations Induced by a Midlatitude SST Front: A GCM Study
Authors: Brachet Sidonie , Codron Francis , Feliks Yizhak , Ghil Michael , Le Treut Hervé , Simonnet Eric 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The atmospheric effects of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over and near western boundary currents are a matter of renewed interest. The general circulation model (GCM) of the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD-Z) has a zooming capability that allows a regionally increased resolution. This GCM is used to analyze the impact of a sharp SST front in the North Atlantic Ocean: two simulations are compared, one with climatological SSTs and the other with an enhanced Gulf Stream front. The results corroborate the theory developed previously by the present team to explain the impact of oceanic fronts. In this theory, the vertical velocity at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer has two components: mechanical and thermal. It is the latter that is dominant in the tropics, while in midlatitudes both play a role in determining the wind convergence above the boundary layer. The strengthened SST front does generate the previously predicted stronger ascent above the warmer water south of the front and stronger descent above the colder waters to the north. In the GCM simulations, the ascent over the warm anomalies is deeper and more intense than the descent.
Activation of TRPV4 on dural afferents produces headache-related behavior in a preclinical rat model
Authors: Wei Xiaomei , Edelmayer Rebecca M , Yan Jin , Dussor Gregory 
Published: November 2011

Background: The mechanisms contributing to the pain of migraine are poorly understood although activation of afferent nociceptors in the trigeminovascular system has been proposed as a key event. Prior studies have shown that dural-afferent nociceptors are sensitive to both osmotic and mechanical stimuli. Based on the sensitivity to these stimuli we hypothesized that dural afferents express the osmo/mechano-sensitive channel transient receptor-potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). Methods: These studies used in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology of trigeminal neurons retrogradely labeled from the dura to examine the functional expression of TRPV4. Additionally, we used a rat headache model in which facial/hind paw allodynia following dural stimulation is measured to determine whether activation of meningeal TRPV4 produces responses consistent with migraine. Results: These studies found that 56% and 49% of identified dural afferents generate currents in response to hypotonic solutions and 4α-PDD, respectively. The response to these stimuli indicates that dural afferents express TRPV4. Activation of meningeal TPRV4 using hypotonic solution or 4α-PDD in vivo resulted in both facial and hind paw allodynia that was blocked by the TRPV4 antagonist RN1734. Conclusion: These data indicate that activation of TRPV4 within the meninges produces afferent nociceptive signaling from the head that may contribute to migraine headache.