bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of supercontinuum spectra generated by As 2 S 3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers with different lattice types
Authors: Chu Van Ben , Dang Van Trong , Chu Van Lanh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Three distinct configuration of As2S3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers were designed to investigate supercontinuum generation (SCG). The optical properties of PCFs with the circular lattice (CL), square lattice (SL), and hexagonal lattice (HL) were comprehensive analyzed to choose the optimal fiber for SCG. This investigation facilitated the identification of three superior structures, specifically designated as #CF, #SF, and #HF, respectively. These structures are unified by their operation within an all-normal dispersion regime, each presenting a lattice constant of 1.0 µm and a filling factor of 0.35. These fibers were subjected to a pump energyof 1.08 nJ and a pulse duration of 270 fs, culminating in an expansive supercontinuum range. Notably, the SC range extended from 2.0 µm to 6.5 µm for #CF, from 2.0 µm to 8.3 µm for #SF, and from 1.9 µm to 6.6 µm for #HF. The square lattice PCF exhibited the broadest supercontinuum, attributed to its protracted flat dispersion band. Furthermore, compared to previously reported all-normal dispersion PCFs, the spectral range facilitated by this pump energy was significantly augmented. This innovative structure concept offers potential applications in low pump energy all-fiber optical systems, heralding advancements in photonic technology.
A Sustainable Approach for Xylitol Production from Pistachio Shell using Candida tropicalis
Authors: Hazal Filiz , Özbek Hatice Neval , Yılmaztekin Murat , Göğüş Fahrettin , Yanık Derya Koçak 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In this study, first xylose rich hydrolysate was obtained from pistachio shell using microwave-assisted high-pressure CO2/H2O hydrolysis and then xylitol was produced biotechnologically from xylose-rich hydrolysate by Candida tropicalis. The maximum xylose concentration and yield attained were 14.58 ± 0.11 g/L and 62.01 ± 0.92%, respectively. Before the bioconversion process, hydrolysate was detoxified to remove HMF and furfural with activated charcoal. Box Behnken design was implemented to investigate the effect of temperature, pH and aeration rate on xylitol yield during bioconversion in bioreactor. The highest xylitol yield of 0.94 g/g was recorded at 72 h under optimized conditions of 34.5°C, pH 4.5 and 1.2 vvm. Recovery and purification of xylitol from the fermentation medium was achieved using ethanol as an antisolvent. Xylitol was recovered with a yield of 68.4% from culture medium by crystallization. Based on the findings of this study, it is conceivable to propose a sustainable and environmentally friendly process for recovering and purifying xylitol from pistachio shell hydrolysate.
Exploiting Privacy Vulnerabilities in Open Source LLMs Using Maliciously Crafted Prompts
Authors: Choquet Géraud , Aizier Aimée , Bernollin Gwenaëlle 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The proliferation of AI technologies has brought to the forefront concerns regarding the privacy and security of user data, particularly with the increasing deployment of powerful language models such as Llama. A novel concept investigated involves inducing privacy breaches through maliciously crafted prompts, highlighting the potential for these models to inadvertently reveal sensitive information. The study systematically evaluated the vulnerabilities of the Llama model, employing an automated framework to test and analyze its responses to a variety of crafted inputs. Findings reveal significant security flaws, demonstrating the model's susceptibility to adversarial attacks that could compromise user privacy. Comprehensive analysis provided insights into the types of prompts most effective in eliciting private data, and the study demonstrates the necessity for robust regulatory frameworks and advanced security measures. The implications of these findings are profound, calling for immediate action to enhance the security protocols of LLMs and protect against potential privacy breaches. Enhanced regulatory oversight and continuous innovation in privacy-preserving techniques are crucial to ensuring the safe deployment of LLMs in various applications. The insights derived from this research contribute to a deeper understanding of LLM vulnerabilities and the urgent need for improved safeguards to prevent data leakage and unauthorized access.
A scoping review of UK local government workplace health and wellbeing programmes
Authors: El-Osta Austen , Altalib Sami , Alaa Aos , Al-Ammouri Mahmoud , Riboli-Sasco Eva , Majeed Azeem , Kudrna Laura 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background Workplace settings are linked to staff health and wellbeing, affecting sickness absence, presenteeism and productivity. With the growing prevalence of health issues among employees in the UK, including stress and long-term conditions, effective workplace health and wellbeing support by local government can play a crucial role in keeping people economically active and well.Objective Identify and characterise workplace health and wellbeing programmes offered by local authorities within the United Kingdom.Methods A scoping review involved a comprehensive search of Local Authority Districts (LADs) and county councils' websites followed by direct communications between 1 January 2024 and 30 April 2024. Initiatives were included if they were designed to enhance workplace health and wellbeing, actively ongoing and offered at no cost to workplaces. Data were extracted on the initiative name, provider, deprivation level, health focus, workplace eligibility and accreditation processes.Results The review identified 61 active local government workplace health programmes across the UK in March 2024, reflecting a 21% provision among local authorities. These initiatives were homogenous in focus, scope of coverage and implementation methods, with all focusing on general health. Geographical mapping highlighted regional disparities in the provision of workplace health and wellbeing initiatives that are free at the point of access (WHISPAs). England had a higher number (Central, Southern, and Southeastern regions specifically) while the rest of England, Wales, Scotland and North Ireland had a lower number or no WHISPAs.Conclusion There is a need for more coordinated efforts to increase the visibility and accessibility of local government workplace health initiatives that are free at the point of access. National workplace health accreditation could further encourage employers to adopt health and wellbeing programmes.
Enhancing Urban Mobility through Adaptive Traffic Analysis: A Case Study in Singapore
Authors: Mohor Banerjee , Somasundaram Chidambaram Aditya , Ronak Pahwa , Bhargavi Sunkara , Yuhao Zhu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Traffic congestion is a significant issue in most urban landscapes, causing delays and affecting the daily commutes of thousands. This study, "Adaptive Traffic Learning and Analysis System" seeks to leverage the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to analyze data from urban traffic systems and provide detailed insights into congestion points. By using the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) software, we replicate street layouts and traffic signals for specific locations in Singapore, facilitating real-time traffic simulations. The project employs SUMO’s APIs to extract vehicle positioning information, which is then used to compute traffic flow statistics. These insights enable LLMs to propose informed optimizations for traffic management, aiding urban planners and traffic managers in decision-making. The recommendations can be further evaluated and refined using SUMO, aiming to mitigate traffic congestion and improve urban mobility in Singapore.
Verapamil is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Rheinstein Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Recent research suggests that disruptions in calcium (Ca²⁺) homeostasis play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocking drug, may be a promising medication for preventing cognitive decline and dementia associated with AD.
Methods: We used MedWatch data to assess the relationship between verapamil and risk of dementia. MedWatch is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program. To evaluate the role of verapamil in calcium homeostasis, we studied verapamil interaction with septins. Septins are membrane-interacting, guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding proteins with a highly conserved domain structure. Septins are involved in several cellular functions, such as membrane dynamics, cytoskeleton organization, and cytokinesis. Pharmacological modulation of septin 6 has been shown to restore calcium homeostasis and is neuroprotective in models of AD. We performed in silico molecular docking studies to determine where verapamil docks to human septin trimer 2/6/7.
Results: Verapamil use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of AD (Proportional Reporting Ratio PRR 0.581). For comparison with verapamil, we evaluated risk of dementia associated with ibuprofen. We found that ibuprofen is related to a significantly reduced risk of AD (PRR 0.42) that was comparable to verapamil. Verapamil docked to human septin trimer 2/6/7 within septin 7, which has been associated with AD. Verapamil docked to the central GTP-binding domain of septin 7, which provides the two inter-subunit interfaces (named G and NC) necessary for filament assembly.
Conclusion: Strategies aimed at restoring Ca²⁺ balance, among them verapamil treatment, hold promise for mitigating the progression of AD and improving cognitive function.
PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL E OS SEUS IMPACTOS NA TRANSFORMAÇÃO DO GOVERNO DIGITAL
Authors: Gomes Hermes Oliveira , Camargo Maria Emilia 
Published: June 2024

O uso de ferramentas digitais conectadas a internet tem se tornado presente no cotidiano das pessoas, neste contexto socio tecnológico, os governos passam a inovar implementando ações de transformação tecnológica, incorporando novos serviços aos cidadãos através das Políticas Públicas do Governo Digital. Como parte quase que invisível desta Revolução Digital está a Propriedade Intelectual, presente em quase todas as soluções tecnológicas quando se pensa Governo como Plataforma, mesmo que direta ou indiretamente envolvida por essas mudanças advindas com a implementação das Políticas Públicas do Governo Digital. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa visa identificar as conexões e impacto da Propriedade Intelectual com as Políticas Públicas do Governo Digital. Para isso, usa-se a técnica de Revisão Sistemática com análise de conteúdo em artigos acadêmicos em bases disponíveis no portal de periódico da Capes, entre março e abril de 2024, em um total de 57 artigos. As descobertas evidenciam que as pesquisas sobre Governo Digital vêm crescendo ao longo do tempo, tendo maior publicação no último ano de 2023, com destaque as bases da Web of Science e Compedex. Nesta revisão, fica destacado que os povos Chineses, Norte Americanos e Europeus, são os principais contribuintes teóricos destas pesquisas, publicando principalmente na revista Sustainability e Government Information Quarterly. Já em resposta aos objetivos, fica comprovado que a Propriedade Intelectual está diretamente imbricada as Políticas Públicas do Governo Digital, estando mais correlacionada as questões referentes aos Programas de Computador (Softwares) e as Patentes.
Mandoor Shodhana - A Bird Eye Review
Authors: Tambat Deepal , Adhav Ketki 
Published: June 2024

Mandoor (Iron Oxide) is important in Rasashastra as a Dravya from Upadhatu Varg. It is widely used in Ayurveda therapeutics for the treatment of Pandu Roga, Kamala Roga, Rajakshaya and Raktakshaya. Mandoor is found buried inside the earth’s land and is said to be of mineral origin. Thus, it becomes important to get rid of physical and chemical impurities in Mandoor and make it potent for using it in therapeutics. To serve the necessity, Shodhana procedure is mentioned in classical texts of Ayurveda. The physical and chemical changes occurring during Shodhana make Mandoor suitable for the therapeutic use. In the classical texts of Ayurveda and Rasashastra numerous Shodhana procedures for Mandoor are found mentioned. So here an attempt was made to review various Shodhana procedures for Mandoor. In this context eighteen Vishesh Shodhana methods and a Samanya Shodhana found mentioned in different texts. A thorough review was carried out for the Shodhana procedures.
To evaluate the effect of Marma Chikitsa in the management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica)
Authors: Rahul Gupta  , Rita Marwaha  , Pankaj Gupta  
Published: June 2024

The uniqueness of Ayurveda is been scrutinized, analysed and then researched by its followers from the ancient time up to till date but it’s an endless procedure. Acc. to Ayurveda the whole human body is explained by itself but as it’s a modern era so we have to correlate each and every Ayurvedic concept with the modern science this study has been taken to correlate Ayurveda has classified the vital points in the body into 107 and named them Marma according to Acharya Sushruta Marma is constituted by confluence of Mansa (muscle), Sira (vessels), Snayu (nerves, tendons and ligaments), Asthi (bone) and Sandhi (joints). Ayurveda is an ancient health science devoted to the cure on human suffering and for the care of the health of the people. The lifetime prevalence of low back pain has been reported between 60% to 80%. By contrast, the life time prevalence of sciatica is between 2% and 4%. According to Acharya Charaka, two types of Gridhrasi have been listed Vataj and Vatakaphaja Gridhrasi is a Shula Pradhana Vata Nanatmaja Vyadhi which is characterized by the Kramat Shula in the Prushtha Bhaaga of Sphik, Kati, Uru, Jaanu Jangha and Pada Pradesha.
Ayurvedic management of Gridhrasi (sciatica): A Case Report
Authors: Nidhi Vishwakarma  , Rita Singh  , Sanjay Srivastava  , Sapna Shrivas  
Published: June 2024

Sciatica is one of the most common emerging diseases in India which is affecting peoples physically as well as mentally. It can be defined as low back pain radiating to unilateral lower limb or bilateral lower limb along with paraesthesis. Treatment includes internal medication for pain and inflammation, Physical therapy and spinal injections. And lastly surgery is advised for those who do not respond to conservative treatment. But the success rate for this surgery is not so high. A 60 year male patient presenting with complain of back pain radiating to b/l lower limbs since 3 years treated with Ardhang Snehan Swedan along with Erandamoolaadi Basti (Kaal Yoga) and oral Ayurveda medication. Total duration of the treatment was 16 days however significant pain relief observed from the day three. This case is an evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of Ayurveda treatment in case of Gridhrasi (Sciatica) and as a proposition for further research on more number of patients.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Risk Factors for All and Severity-Specific Preterm Births in Southern China, 2014-2021: Large Population-Based Study
Authors: Miao Huazhang , He Hui , Nie Chuan , Ren Jianbing , Luo Xianqiong 
Published: June 2024

Background
The worldwide incidence of preterm births is increasing, and the risks of adverse outcomes for preterm infants significantly increase with shorter gestation, resulting in a substantial socioeconomic burden. Limited epidemiological studies have been conducted in China regarding the incidence and spatiotemporal trends of preterm births. Seasonal variations in risk indicate the presence of possible modifiable factors. Gender influences the risk of preterm birth.

Objective
This study aims to assess the incidence rates of preterm birth, very preterm birth, and extremely preterm birth; elucidate their spatiotemporal distribution; and investigate the risk factors associated with preterm birth.

Methods
We obtained data from the Guangdong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Information System, spanning from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021, pertaining to neonates with gestational ages ranging from 24 weeks to 42 weeks. The primary outcome measures assessed variations in the rates of different preterm birth subtypes over the course of the study, such as by year, region, and season. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between preterm birth incidence and per capita gross domestic product (GDP), simultaneously analyzing the contributing risk factors.

Results
The analysis incorporated data from 13,256,743 live births. We identified 754,268 preterm infants and 12,502,475 full-term infants. The incidences of preterm birth, very preterm birth, and extremely preterm birth were 5.69 per 100 births, 4.46 per 1000 births, and 4.83 per 10,000 births, respectively. The overall incidence of preterm birth increased from 5.12% in 2014 to 6.38% in 2021. The incidence of extremely preterm birth increased from 4.10 per 10,000 births in 2014 to 8.09 per 10,000 births in 2021. There was a positive correlation between the incidence of preterm infants and GDP per capita. In more developed economic regions, the incidence of preterm births was higher. Furthermore, adjusted odds ratios revealed that advanced maternal age, multiple pregnancies, and male infants were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, whereas childbirth in the autumn season was associated with a protective effect against preterm birth.

Conclusions
The incidence of preterm birth in southern China exhibited an upward trend, closely linked to enhancements in the care capabilities for high-risk pregnant women and critically ill newborns. With the recent relaxation of China's 3-child policy, coupled with a temporary surge in advanced maternal age and multiple pregnancies, the risk of preterm birth has risen. Consequently, there is a pressing need to augment public health investments aimed at mitigating the risk factors associated with preterm birth, thereby alleviating the socioeconomic burden it imposes.
Effects of Monitoring Frailty Through a Mobile/Web-Based Application and a Sensor Kit to Prevent Functional Decline in Frail and Prefrail Older Adults: FACET (Frailty Care and Well Function) Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Valdés-Aragonés Myriam , Pérez-Rodríguez Rodrigo , Carnicero José Antonio , Moreno-Sánchez Pedro A , Oviedo-Briones Myriam , Villalba-Mora Elena , Abizanda-Soler Pedro , Rodríguez-Mañas Leocadio 
Published: June 2024

Background
Frailty represents a state of susceptibility to stressors and constitutes a dynamic process. Untreated, this state can progress to disability. Hence, timely detection of alterations in patients’ frailty status is imperative to institute prompt clinical interventions and impede frailty progression. With this aim, the FACET (Frailty Care and Well Function) technological ecosystem was developed to provide clinically gathered data from the home to a medical team for early intervention.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess whether the FACET technological ecosystem prevents frailty progression and improves frailty status, according to the frailty phenotype criteria and Frailty Trait Scale-5 items (FTS-5) at 3 and 6 months of follow-up.

Methods
This randomized clinical trial involved 90 older adults aged ≥70 years meeting 2 or more Fried frailty phenotype criteria, having 4 or more comorbidities, and having supervision at home. This study was conducted between August 2018 and June 2019 at the geriatrics outpatient clinics in Getafe University Hospital and Albacete University Hospital. Participants were randomized into a control group receiving standard treatment and the intervention group receiving standard treatment along with the FACET home monitoring system. The system monitored functional tests at home (gait speed, chair stand test, frailty status, and weight). Outcomes were assessed using multivariate linear regression models for continuous response and multivariate logistic models for dichotomous response. P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 82.33 years, with 28% (25/90) being males. Participants allocated to the intervention group showed a 74% reduction in the risk of deterioration in the FTS-5 score (P=.04) and 92% lower likelihood of worsening by 1 point according to Fried frailty phenotype criteria compared to the control group (P=.02) at 6 months of follow-up. Frailty status, when assessed through FTS-5, improved in the intervention group at 3 months (P=.004) and 6 months (P=.047), while when the frailty phenotype criteria were used, benefits were shown at 3 months of follow-up (P=.03) but not at 6 months.

Conclusions
The FACET technological ecosystem helps in the early identification of changes in the functional status of prefrail and frail older adults, facilitating prompt clinical interventions, thereby improving health outcomes in terms of frailty and functional status and potentially preventing disability and dependency.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03707145; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03707145
Assessing the Relationship Between Vitiligo and Major Depressive Disorder Severity: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Molla Amr , Jannadi Raed , Alayoubi Hamza , Altouri Haya , Balkhair Maryam , Hafez Dareen 
Published: June 2024

Background
Vitiligo, a common dermatological disorder in Saudi Arabia, is associated with significant psychological impacts. This study explores the relationship between vitiligo and the severity of major depressive disorder (MDD), highlighting the broader implications on mental health among affected individuals.

Objective
We aim to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression among adult patients with vitiligo, and to examine the relationship between MDD severity and vitiligo.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, the research used the vitiligo area severity index and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to measure the extent of vitiligo and depression severity, respectively. This study involved 340 diagnosed patients with vitiligo from various health care settings. Logistic and ordinal regression analysis were applied to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic variables and vitiligo types on MDD severity.

Results
The prevalence of MDD was 58.8% (200/340) of participants. Depression severity varied notably: 18.2% (62/340) of patients experienced mild depression, 17.9% (61/340) moderate, 11.8% (40/340) moderately severe, and 10.9% (37/340) severe depression. Female patients had higher odds of severe depression than male patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.14, 95% CI 1.93-5.1; P<.001). Age was inversely related to depression severity, with patients aged older than 60 years showing significantly lower odds (aOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.03-0.39; P<.001). Lower income was associated with higher depression severity (aOR 10.2, 95% CI 3.25-31.8; P<.001). Vitiligo types also influenced depression severity; vulgaris (aOR 5.3, 95% CI 2.6-10.9; P<.001) and acrofacial vitiligo (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5-5.1; P<.001) were significantly associated with higher depression levels compared to focal vitiligo.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that vitiligo contributes to an increased risk of severe depression, highlighting the need for integrated dermatological and psychological treatment approaches to address both the physical and mental health aspects of the disease.