bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caffeine Expectancy Does Not Influence the Physical Working Capacity at the Fatigue Threshold
Authors: Ambrozy Christina A. , Hawes Nicole E. , Hayden Olivia L. , Sortz Isabella , Malek Moh H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ambrozy, CA, Hawes, NE, Hayden, OL, Sortzi, I, and Malek, MH. Caffeine expectancy does not influence the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1056–1062, 2024—The placebo effect occurs when a desired outcome is experienced due to the belief that a treatment is effective, even in the absence of an active ingredient. One explanation for this effect is based on a person's expectations of a drug or supplement. Although caffeine's effects on sports performance have been studied, little is known about how expectations of caffeine affect neuromuscular fatigue during continuous muscle action. The physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT) can be used to assess neuromuscular fatigue noninvasively using surface electromyography. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether caffeine expectancy influences PWCFT. We hypothesized that regardless of expectancy, caffeine consumption would delay neuromuscular fatigue. The study involved 8 healthy college-aged men (mean ± SEM: age, 25.6 ± 1.0 years) who visited the laboratory on 4 occasions, each separated by 7 days. The subjects completed 4 experimental conditions, in random order, where they were told that they were consuming caffeine or placebo and either received caffeine or placebo. After consuming the drink, the subjects remained in the laboratory for an hour and then performed an incremental exercise test. The results showed that the condition where subjects were told that they were consuming caffeine and received caffeine had significantly higher mean values for maximal power output (F(3, 21) = 11.75; p < 0.001), PWCFT (F(3, 21) = 12.28; p < 0.001), PWCFT (%maximal power output; F(3, 21) = 8.75; p < 0.001), and heart rate at end exercise (%predicted; F(3, 21) = 3.83; p = 0.025) compared with the 2 conditions where placebo was received. However, no statistically significant mean differences were found from the condition where subjects were told that they were consuming placebo but consuming caffeine. This suggests that a person's expectancy and potential somatic response may serve as a cue for how an ergogenic aid or placebo could affect subsequent performance.
Physical Profiles of All-Rounders, Batters, and Bowlers in Sub-Elite Women's Cricket
Authors: Jacobs Jolandi , Olivier Benita , Brandt Corlia , Jafta Gandhi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Jacobs, J, Olivier, B, Brandt, C, and Jafta, G. Physical profiles of all-rounders, batters, and bowlers in sub-elite women’s cricket. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1095–1102, 2024—The unique physical profile of each player's role in sub-elite women's cricket is vital for optimizing performance as these players progress to the elite levels. This quantitative, cross-sectional study investigates the physical profiles of sub-elite women's cricket players as a group and compares these profiles across different player roles. Sub-elite female cricket players in the South African domestic women's cricket league were included in this study. A battery of physical assessments were conducted at the start of the 2022/23 season. The physical assessments included body composition, individual muscle strength testing using dynamometry, 2-km time trial (TT), countermovement jump (CMJ), single-leg jump (SLJ), isometric mid-thigh pull, push-up, and hop test on force plates. A total of 44 female players (20.86 ± 1.6 years) were included in the study. Differences were found in muscle mass (p = 0.004) and peak power (p = 0.040) for all-rounders and bowlers. Player roles presented with different dominant (p = 0.006) and non-dominant (p = 0.066) knee flexion strength. The bowlers' body composition and physical strength profile are compromised compared with batters and all-rounders. There were several physical strength and power differences between pace and spin bowlers in CMJ and SLJ tests for jump height (p = 0.009) and peak power (p = 0.006). Batters performed the best in the 2-km TT. Body composition and musculoskeletal profiles for each player role can be baseline markers in sub-elite women's cricket. Stakeholders can use this information to guide physical preparation for players advancing to elite levels.
A Retrospective Analysis of Southeastern U.S. Police Recruit Health and Fitness From 4 Points in Time Within a 16-Year Period: Implications for Physical Fitness Training
Authors: Gonzales Stephen M. , Orr Robin M. , Coburn Jared W. , Hoffmann Matt D. , Kennedy Kelly , Dawes J. Jay , Lockie Robert G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Gonzales, SM, Orr, RM, Coburn, JW, Hoffmann, MD, Kennedy, K, Dawes, JJ, and Lockie, RG. A retrospective analysis of southeastern U.S. police recruit health and fitness from 4 points in time within a 16-year period: Implications for physical fitness training. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1118–1126, 2024—Drawing from the general population for its recruiting needs, police departments often employ academy curricula to improve a recruit's fitness so they can perform occupational tasks. Recently, obesity and physical inactivity have increased in the general population, potentially influencing the health and fitness of incoming recruits. This study involved a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of health and fitness data of police recruits. Data from 1 police department in southeastern United States were analyzed at 4 specific time points, splitting the recruits into natural immerging groups; 2003 (n = 93), 2006 (n = 137), 2009 (n = 74), and 2019 (n = 242). Health and fitness data for all recruits included age, height, body mass, and body mass index (BMI); systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP); sit-and-reach; combined grip strength; push-ups and sit-ups completed in 60 seconds; physical ability test time; and 2.4-km run time. Several univariate analyses, with sex and age as covariates (analyses of covariance), and a Bonferroni’s post hoc, determined whether there were significant between-group differences. Effect sizes (d) were also calculated. Key results demonstrated that 2019 recruits were heavier than the recruits in 2006 and 2009 (p ≤ 0.032; d = 0.14–0.38); had a greater BMI (p ≤ 0.028; d = 0.24–0.75) and systolic BP (p < 0.001; d = 0.47–0.65), and lesser sit-and-reach distance (p ≤ 0.020; d = 0.26–0.46), than all recruit groups; completed fewer sit-up repetitions than the recruits in 2006 and 2009 (p ≤ 0.025; d = 0.42–0.48); and were slower in the 2.4-km run than the recruits in 2006 (p = 0.009; d = 0.36). Police training staff may need to address lesser health (BMI, BP) and fitness (hamstring flexibility, abdominal endurance, aerobic fitness) in incoming recruits.
Agreement Between Maximal Lactate Steady State and Critical Power in Different Sports: A Systematic Review and Bayesian’s Meta-Regression
Authors: Borszcz Fernando Klitzke , de Aguiar Rafael Alves , Costa Vitor Pereira , Denadai Benedito Sérgio , de Lucas Ricardo Dantas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Borszcz, FK, de Aguiar, RA, Costa, VP, Denadai, BS, and de Lucas, RD. Agreement between maximal lactate steady state and critical power in different sports: A systematic review and Bayesian's meta-regression. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): e320–e339, 2024—This study aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-regression to determine the level of agreement between maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and critical power (CP). Considered eligible to include were peer-reviewed and “gray literature” studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages in cyclical exercises. The last search was made on March 24, 2022, on PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The study's quality was evaluated using 4 criteria adapted from the COSMIN tool. The level of agreement was examined by 2 separate meta-regressions modeled under Bayesian’s methods, the first for the mean differences and the second for the SD of differences. The searches yielded 455 studies, of which 36 studies were included. Quality scale revealed detailed methods and small samples used and that some studies lacked inclusion/exclusion criteria reporting. For MLSS and CP comparison, likely (i.e., coefficients with high probabilities) covariates that change the mean difference were the MLSS time frame and delta criteria of blood lactate concentration, MLSS number and duration of pauses, CP longest predictive trial duration, CP type of predictive trials, CP model fitting parameters, and exercise modality. Covariates for SD of the differences were the subject's maximal oxygen uptake, CP's longest predictive trial duration, and exercise modality. Traditional MLSS protocol and CP from 2- to 15-minute trials do not reflect equivalent exercise intensity levels; the proximity between MLSS and CP measures can differ depending on test design, and both MLSS and CP have inherent limitations. Therefore, comparisons between them should always consider these aspects.
A Biopsychosocial Model for Understanding Training Load, Fatigue, and Musculoskeletal Sport Injury in University Athletes: A Scoping Review
Authors: McClean Zachary J. , Pasanen Kati , Lun Victor , Charest Jonathan , Herzog Walter , Werthner Penny , Black Amanda , Vleuten Reid Vander , Lacoste Elise , Jordan Matthew J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
McClean, ZJ, Pasanen, K, Lun, V, Charest, J, Herzog, W, Werthner, P, Black, A, Vleuten, RV, Lacoste, E, and Jordan, MJ. A biopsychosocial model for understanding training load, fatigue, and musculoskeletal sport injury in university athletes: A scoping review. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1177–1188, 2024—The impact of musculoskeletal (MSK) injury on athlete health and performance has been studied extensively in youth sport and elite sport. Current research examining the relationship between training load, injury, and fatigue in university athletes is sparse. Furthermore, a range of contextual factors that influence the training load-fatigue-injury relationship exist, necessitating an integrative biopsychosocial model to address primary and secondary injury prevention research. The objectives of this review were (a) to review the scientific literature examining the relationship between training load, fatigue, and MSK injury in university athletes and (b) to use this review in conjunction with a transdisciplinary research team to identify biopsychosocial factors that influence MSK injury and develop an updated, holistic biopsychosocial model to inform injury prevention research and practice in university sport. Ten articles were identified for inclusion in this review. Key findings were an absence of injury surveillance methodology and contextual factors that can influence the training load-fatigue-MSK injury relationship. We highlight the inclusion of academic load, social load, and mental health load as key variables contributing to a multifactorial, gendered environmental, scientific inquiry on sport injury and reinjury in university sport. An integrative biopsychosocial model for MSK injury in university sport is presented that can be used to study the biological, psychological, and social factors that modulate injury and reinjury risk in university athletes. Finally, we provide an example of how causal inference can be used to maximize the utility of longitudinally collected observational data that is characteristic of sport performance research in university sport.
Acute Responses to Traditional and Cluster-Set Squat Training With and Without Blood Flow Restriction
Authors: Cornejo-Daza Pedro J. , Sánchez-Valdepeñas Juan , Páez-Maldonado Jose , Rodiles-Guerrero Luis , Boullosa Daniel , León-Prados Juan A. , Wernbom Mathias , Pareja-Blanco Fernando 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cornejo-Daza, PJ, Sánchez-Valdepeñas, J, Páez-Maldonado, J, Rodiles-Guerrero, L, Boullosa, D, León-Prados, JA, Wernbom, M, and Pareja-Blanco, F. Acute responses to traditional and cluster-set squat training with and without blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1401–1412, 2024—To compare the acute responses to different set configurations (cluster [CLU] vs. traditional [TRA]) under distinct blood flow conditions (free vs. restricted) in full-squat (SQ). Twenty resistance-trained males performed 4 protocols that differed in the set configuration (TRA: continuous repetitions; vs. CLU: 30 seconds of rest every 2 repetitions) and in the blood flow condition (FF: free-flow; vs. blood flow restriction [BFR]: 50% of arterial occlusion pressure). The relative intensity (60% 1RM), volume (3 sets of 8 repetitions), and resting time (2 minutes) were equated. Mean propulsive force (MPF), velocity (MPV) and power (MPP), and electromyography (EMG) parameters were recorded during each repetition. Tensiomyography (TMG), blood lactate, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, in SQ, and movement velocity against the load that elicited a 1 m·s−1 velocity at baseline (V1-load) in SQ were assessed at pre- and post-exercise. The CLU protocols allowed a better maintenance of MPF, MPV, MPP, and EMG median frequency during the exercise compared to TRA (clu-time interaction, p < 0.05). The TRA protocols experienced greater impairments post-exercise in TMG- and EMG-derived variables (clu-time interaction, p < 0.05) and SQ and CMJ performance (clu-time interaction, p = 0.08 and p < 0.05, respectively), as well as higher blood lactate concentrations (clu-time interaction, p < 0.001) than CLU. Moreover, BFR displayed decreases in TMG variables (bfr-time interaction, p < 0.01), but BFR-CLU resulted in the greatest reduction in twitch contraction time (p < 0.001). Cluster sets reduced fatigue during and after the training session and BFR exacerbated impairments in muscle mechanical properties; however, the combination of both could improve contraction speed after exercise.
Simulation of Ignition of Composite Materials by Particles Heated to a High Temperature
Authors: Касымов Д.П. , Перминов В.В. , Голубничий Е.Н. , Якимов А.С. 
Published: May 2024

Выполнено численное моделирование зажигания конструкции из древесного материала набором «горячих» частиц. Задача рассматривается в декартовых координатах в трехмерной постановке. Найдено, что зажигание исходного реагента определяется процессами теплообмена с очагом пожара, сушки, пиролиза сухой древесины, реакциями окисления оксида углерода, метана и водорода. Установлены зависимости времени задержки зажигания древесного материала от начальных температур реагента, нагретых частиц и количества «горячих» частиц, при которых реализуются условия зажигания. Приводится качественное сравнение результатов расчета с известными данными.
A numerical simulation of the ignition of a structure made of wood material by a set of “hot” particles was performed. The problem is considered in Cartesian coordinates in a three-dimensional formulation. It was found that the ignition of the initial reagent is determined by the processes of heat exchange with the fire, drying, pyrolysis of dry wood, and oxidation reactions of carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen. The dependences of the ignition delay time of wood material on the initial temperatures of the reagent, heated particles and the number of “hot” particles at which ignition conditions are realized have been established. A qualitative comparison of the calculation results with known data is provided.
Modeling of Detonation Combustion of Carbon Dust
Authors: Прохоров Е.С. 
Published: May 2024

Представлены результаты расчетов детонации однородной газовзвеси ультрадисперсных углеродных частиц с окислителем (кислородом или воздухом) в предположении химического равновесия в продуктах детонационного сгорания. Численно исследовано влияние массовой доли углерода в таких смесях на скорость детонационного фронта и основные газодинамические параметры продуктов сгорания. Установлено, что расчеты коррелируют с имеющимися экспериментальными данными по скорости детонации во взвеси частиц угля в кислороде и воздухе.
This paper presents the results of calculation of the detonation of a homogeneous gas suspension of ultrafine carbon particles with an oxidizer (oxygen or air) assuming chemical equilibrium in the products of detonation combustion. The influence of the mass fraction of carbon in such mixtures on the velocity of the detonation front and the main gas-dynamic parameters of combustion products was studied numerically. The calculation results correlate with available experimental data on detonation velocity in a suspension of coal particles in oxygen and air.
Why combat sports cannot become the basis for military-physical training of hand-to-hand fighters
Authors: Peredelʹskiy Aleksey , Mamedov Azer , Kortunov Vadim , Kotusov Dmitriy , Shipovskaya Lyudmila 
Published: May 2024

Scientific problem. An objective contradiction and discrepancy between the complex social nature and narrow specialization of conditional game training and competitive sports activities and real military physical training, focused on a fundamentally different area of narrow specialization, namely the area of military combat and operational service practice.
The relevance of the study is to once again get rid of the illusions and misconceptions that have become traditional in the last 70–80 years about the real feasibility of using sports models and projects (in particular, those developed on the basis of combat sports) in the practice of applied military physical training of military personnel, conscripts and pre-conscription youth.
The purpose of the study is to prove the inapplicability (or, in extreme cases, incorrect application) of sports models and projects (in particular, those developed on the basis of combat sports) for solving the problems of military-physical applied training and education of military personnel, conscripts and pre-conscription youth.
The research methodology and organization include: methods of hypothetic-deductive modeling, logical-linguistic and concrete-empirical programming.
Research results and conclusions. The main conclusion following from the materials of this article are the following two theses:
•	in order to avoid a double illusory-game transformation or «wrapping up» of
military-physical martial arts and martial arts, it is necessary to strictly limit the processes of sportization of physical culture to the civilian sector and in no case allow the spread of these processes or their gradual «sliding» into the field of applied training military personnel, conscripts and pre-conscription youth professionally oriented towards military and service activities;
•	the core of military-applied and service-applied physical training should objectively and naturally be the not yet sportized martial arts and modern military-service functionality, the synthesis of which, however, allows for some targeted borrowing of individual techniques from the field of combat sports.
EMPODERANDO MÃES ATÍPICAS: UM ESTUDO DE CAMPO SOBRE A IMPORTÂNCIA DA AUTOESTIMA NA MATERNIDADE ATÍPICA
Authors: Kintope Larissa Oro , Borges Raphaela de Souza 
Published: May 2024

O presente estudo de campo tem como objetivo discutir quais são os impactos ocasionados pela autoestima fragilizada da mãe na maternidade atípica e em como a psicologia pode auxiliar na compreensão deste processo, promovendo intervenções que auxiliem no desenvolvimento da autoestima dessas mães. Além disso, discute a sobrecarga física e emocional das mães ao longo da maternidade relacionado ao cuidado e criação dos filhos neuro divergentes, discorrendo sobre fatos sócio históricos demonstrando como a maternidade é vista e como a sua experiência é distorcida pelas normas sociais e imposta para as mulheres da sociedade brasileira. Trazendo dados coletados por meio de entrevistas com o público alvo sobre o quanto a maternidade é suprida de expectativas que nem sempre se concretizam tornando - se evidente o quanto isso é impactante na saúde das mães como um todo. O campo de estudo escolhido foi a ONG (Órgão Social Sem Fins Lucrativos) denominada Falando sobre o Autismo, localizada na cidade de São José dos Pinhais, que acolhe mais de cinquenta famílias com familiares neuro divergentes. Foi realizada uma dinâmica no espaço da ONG intitulada “Dia da Beleza” em que organizamos um Spa facial gratuito juntamente com a entrega de bombons contendo mensagens motivacionais para as mães participantes, além do sorteio de um brinde. Após a dinâmica, foi possível notar a importância vital da autoestima materna na jornada da maternidade, especialmente em contextos atípicos. A autoestima não é apenas um aspecto psicológico individual, mas sim um pilar fundamental que sustenta o bem-estar físico, emocional e social das mães e, por extensão, de suas famílias.
Rapid Finite-Fault Models for the 2023 Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Böse Maren , Ceylan Savas , Andrews Jennifer , Massin Frédérick , Clinton John , Saunders Jessie K. , Tatar Orhan , Türkoğlu Meltem 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the immediate aftermath of devastating earthquakes such as in the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş sequence in southcentral Türkiye, key stakeholders and the public demand timely and accurate earthquake information. Especially for large events, finite-fault models provide important insights into the rupture process and enable interpretation of the observed ground shaking, which can improve situational awareness and facilitate rapid assessment of future hazards. Using strong-motion waveforms recorded during the Kahramanmaraş sequence, we simulate a real-time playback and calculate how a finite-source model computed with the Finite-fault rupture Detector (FinDer) algorithm would evolve for the Mw 7.8 Pazarcık, Mw 7.6 Elbistan, and Mw 6.4 Yayladağı earthquakes. Using template matching FinDer compares observed and predicted ground-motion acceleration amplitudes to determine the orientation and spatial extent of fault rupture. We test both generic crustal and fault-specific templates from ground-motion models and rupture geometries of the east Anatolian and Çardak–Sürgü faults. In the second step, we estimate the seismic slip along the source models from the backprojection of the seismic displacement amplitudes. The algorithms achieve excellent performance for all three earthquakes, and the final source models and slip profiles available within tens of seconds of the rupture nucleation match well with models computed days to weeks after the events occurred. The temporal evolution of the source models for the Pazarcık and Elbistan earthquakes suggests that FinDer can provide insight into the rupture kinematics of large earthquakes. Cascading instrument failures as well as power and data telemetry interruptions during the Pazarcık earthquake led to an early termination of signals at a significant number of near-source stations. We show that FinDer is robust enough to cope with this type of degradation in network performance that can occur in large earthquakes, in general.