bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
51.4: Development of Flexible Electrowetting Displays for Stacked Color
Authors: Dean Kenneth A. , Johnson Michael R. , Howard Emmett , Zhou Kaichang , Heikenfeld Jason 
Published: August 2010

AbstractElectrowetting displays show promise for realizing vividly colorful electronic paper using stacked color layers to obtain high reflectivity. We develop and demonstrate technologies needed to realize stacked displays including (1) strategies for controlling colorant location, (2) incorporating spacers, black surround, and thin seals, and (3) building working modules on flexible substrates.
8.3: High‐Contrast in Bright Ambients with Angle‐Shifting Front Projection Screen
Authors: Katagiri Baku , Ooike Masanobu , Kawakami Tohru , Uchida Tatsuo , Suzuki Yoshito 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have proposed a screen, which can diffuse incident light from the projector set in lower angle range to viewing angle range and can reflect ambient light to angle range out of viewing. with this control, the screen realizes a clear image even in a bright room.
52.2: S‐mPVA LCD Technologies for Superior Off‐Axis Image Quality
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Kim Gee Bum , Choi Ji Youn , Jang Yong‐Kyu , Ahn Seon Hong , Kim Sang Soo , Kim Kyeong‐Hyeon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOff‐axis image quality of a mobile PVA (mPVA) LCD has been improved by active level‐shifting technology and optimization of pixel and polarizer structures. The measured gray distortion index is reduced to 0.25, compared to 0.51 for a conventional mPVA LCD, resulting in decreased color shift at off‐axis viewing positions.
53.3: High Performance Top Emitting Green OLED Micro‐Displays
Authors: Ali Tariq A. , Khayrullin Ilyas I. , Vazan Fridrich , Ziesmer Scott A. , Barry Steve P. , Prache Olivier , Ghosh Amalkumar P. , Fellowes Dave , Draper Russell S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEfficient top‐emitting phosphorescent green OLED micro‐displays were developed using a highly reflective anode patterned over active matrix single crystal silicon. Single emission layer devices were fabricated using high Tg materials with efficiencies ∼80 cd/A, 18% EQE and stable green color coordinates (0.33, 64). Green OLED Micro‐display lifetimes were measured.
57.4: Fast MPRT with High Brightness LCD by 120Hz Local Blinking HDR Systems
Authors: Liao Lin‐Yao , Chen Chih‐Wei , Huang Yi‐Pai , Yeh Szu‐Che 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA 120Hz Local Blinking HDR system was proposed to significantly reduce MPRT down to 3.89ms and keep high brightness almost as well as conventional LCDs, that is distinct from the prior arts, such as Black Band Insertion, Blinking Backlight and Gray Frame Insertion (GFI), those may cause brightness decrement. Furthermore, the intrinsic benefit of high dynamic range (high contrast) and low power consumption also can be achieved.
59.1: Development of near Zero Optical Retardation Film from Cyclic Block Copolymers
Authors: Zhou Weijun , Diehl Charles , Koppi Kurt , Hahn Steve , Ansems Patricia , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCyclic block copolymer (CBC) is a fully saturated olefin block copolymer which can be melt cast into films with near zero optical retardation in both film plane and thickness direction. This nearly isotropic CBC film is particularly useful as a polarizer's inner protective layer and can offer a good wide‐viewing performance of IPS‐LCD TVs.
59.3: Retardation Film Made from Negative Intrinsic Birefringent Material
Authors: Okude Shuhei , Hirota Mitsuhito , Hori Toshihiko , Toyoshima Tetsuya , Arakawa Kohei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe developed retardation film made from a negative intrinsic birefringent material by using the co‐extrusion molding. This retardation film is applied to the liquid crystal display. Especially, this can be used to make the viewing angle of IPS mode wider.
9.2: Line‐Scan Sequential Lateral Solidification Process for AMOLED Application
Authors: Choi Jae Beom , Park Cheol‐Ho , Chung In‐Do , Lee Kwon‐Hyung , Min Hoon Kee , Kim Chi‐Woo , Kim Sang Soo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have demonstrated that thin film transistor backplanes for AMOLED could be fabricated with line‐scan sequential lateral solidification (SLS) process. with 4 μm × 730 mm single laser beamlet, directional and two‐shot SLS processes were carried out to make polycrystalline Si films. The geometry for driving TFTs, which can provide sufficient uniformity of TFT performances, is that the source‐drain direction is perpendicular to the grain growth direction. 14″ WXGA (1366×RGB×768) AMOLEDsfor TV application were fabricated by utilizing different TFT geometry for driving TFTs and switching TFTs. The advantages of the line‐scan SLS system are (1) it can provide higher productivity than the conventional laser system and (2) large displays over 50″ can be manufactured without scan overlap area.
59.4: Novel Retardation Film with Nano‐Scale Multi‐Layered Structure
Authors: Ono Yuhei , Uchiyama Akihiko , Kitazawa Satoshi , Matsuo Juhou , Shiro Takashi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have developed a novel Z‐plate with nano‐scale multi‐layered structure. The optically biaxial characteristics (nx<nz<ny) of that Z‐plate is controlled by the combination of form birefringence and molecular orientation birefringence. The novel retardation film has been realized by new optical design and a new film process with a multi‐layered polymer extrusion device.
60.2: Intermediate Connector with Suppressed Voltage Loss for White Tandem OLEDs
Authors: Nowatari Hiromi , Ushikubo Takahiro , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Seo Satoshi , Tsutsui Tetsuo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn order to attain low drive voltage and high power conversion efficiency in tandem OLEDs, the mechanism for carrier generation/separation at the intermediate connecting parts, which are interposed between emission units, has been examined, and a new intermediate connector has been proposed. Voltage increase due to the provision of the new intermediate connector is minimized, and marked decrease in drive voltage of the tandem OLEDs has been attained.
61.1: Invited Paper: Gaze Contingent Displays: Analysis of Saccadic Plasticity in Visual Search
Authors: Michel Melchi M. , Geisler Wilson S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGaze contingent displays were used to simulate visual field loss during performance of visual search tasks. Comparison of human saccadic strategies with those of a Bayesian ideal searcher show that humans rapidly adapt their saccadic strategies, but that this learning is limited and depends on the spatial pattern of vision loss.
61.3: Visual Annoyance and User Acceptance of LCD Motion‐Blur
Authors: Tourancheau Sylvain , Andrén Börje , Brunnström Kjell , Callet Patrick Le 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIt has been recognized for some time now that LCD displays will introduce blur when showing moving objects or moving images. Common motion‐blur measurement methods permit to picture the blurred profile of an edge moving with a constant velocity. A normalized blurred edge width is then measured for several gray‐to‐gray transitions to give a motion‐blur score of the display under test. However, these objective measurements are partly based on the behavior of the human visual system and it is an open question how well they correlate with subjective experience of observers. In this study, we develop a subjective experiment in order to assess the annoyance and the acceptance of motion‐blur. Results are given and compare with measurements data.
9.3: Active‐Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Using Inverse Staggered Poly‐Si TFT with a Center‐Offset Gated Structure
Authors: Kang Dong Han , Oh Jae Hwan , Park Mi Kyung , Park Tae Jin , Oh Beom Seok , Kim Gyeong Heon , Lee Eun Ho , Hur Ji Ho , Jang Jin , Chang Young Jin , Choi Jae Beom , Kim Chi Woo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have developed a low cost AM backplane using non‐laser polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) having inverse staggered TFT. The thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have a center‐offset gated structure to reduce the leakage current without scarifying the on‐currents. A center‐offset length of the TFTs has 3 μm for both switching and driving TFTs. Finally, we have made a 2.2 inch QQVGA (160 × 120) active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display with conventional 2T 1C pixel circuits.
63.1: Responsive Vacuum Deposition Technology for Cost‐Effective OLED Manufacturing
Authors: Long Michael , Koppe Bruce , Redden Neil , Boroson Michael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe ability to interrupt and reinitiate vaporization rapidly to precisely controlled rates is an important requirement for reducing the deposition cost component of OLED displays for both in‐line and cluster tool configurations. A flash vaporization deposition system using closed‐loop control is described that achieves these objectives.
64.3: Design of Partially Cascaded Clock‐Embedded Serial Link Intra‐Panel Interface for a Flat Panel Display System
Authors: Kim Ah‐Reum , Choe Won‐Jun , Lee Sang‐Keun , Kim Nam‐Deog , Kim Sang‐Soo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA partially cascaded clock‐embedded serial link has been designed as an intra‐panel interface between a timing controller (TCON) and column driver ICs (DICs) in an LCD panel. The proposed link achieves a 60Hz full‐HD display of 10‐bit color depth on only four interface pairs. Compared to a conventional point‐to‐point interface, further reduction of the number of interface lines has been achieved by means of a bandwidth efficient cascaded scheme.
10.1: Invited Paper: Wearable 4‐Inch QVGA Full Color Video Flexible AMOLEDs for Rugged Applications
Authors: Ma Ruiqing , Rajan Kamala , Silvernail Jeff , Urbanik Ken , Paynter Jason , Mandlik Prashant , Hack Mike , Brown Julie J. , Yoo Juhn S. , Kim Yong‐Chul , Kim In‐Hwan , Byun Seung‐Chan , Jung Sang‐Hoon , Kim Jong‐Moo , Yoon Soo‐Young , Kim Chang‐Dong , Kang In‐Byeong , Tognoni Keith , Anderson Robert , Huffman David 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present our work on the world's first wrist worn communication device built upon a flexible low power consumption full color AMOLED using phosphorescent materials. The device offers the wearer the ability to see high information content video rate information in a thin and rugged form factor 4‐inch QVGA display, conformed around a human wrist.
66.1: High Birefringence and Negative Dielectric Anisotropy Liquid Crystal Mixtures for Vertical Alignment Applications
Authors: Gauza Sebastian , Jiao Meizi , Wu Shin‐Tson , Kula Przemysław , Daobrowski Roman , Liang Xiao 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we describe the physical properties of some lateral difluoro‐terphenyl compounds and mixtures. Such mixtures exhibit a high birefringence (Δn∼0.24) in the visible spectral range while remaining a relatively low rotational viscosity. When doped in a commercial mixture, it enhances the mixture's birefringence while causing almost no penalty to the rotational viscosity. These mixtures are particularly attractive for thin cell VA LCDs to achieve fast response time.
P‐179: Flexible Organic Electroluminescent Displays with Optical Transparency Using Electrically Conducting Polymers
Authors: Kim Jin‐Yeol , Hwang Chae‐Ryong , Woo Hak‐Yong , Song Eun‐Ah , Baek Ji‐Woong , Kwon Sijoong , Ju Sung‐Hoo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFlexible OELDs were fabricated by using highly conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy thiophene): p‐toluene sulfonate(PEDOT: PTS) nano‐films, as electrode layers. These conductive PEDOT: PTS films have a high transparency up to 80%, and possess a very low sheet resistance of 100 Ω square−1 at 160‐nm thickness. We report on the fabrication and characterization of a OELD using a PEDOT: PTS for the electrodes and demonstrate its superior performance relative to that of a similar device using the a‐ITO layer. The device has been demonstrated to exhibit light emission in green, brightness level up to 1800 cd/m2 at the 25 V.
GC/MS analysis of gaseous degradation products formed during extrusion blow molding process of PE films
Authors: Stasiek Joachim , Malinowski Rafał , Ligor Tomasz , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: August 2010

AbstractResults of the investigation of volatile organic compounds emission during polyethylene extrusion are presented. Two polymers of different processing properties were tested, namely linear low density polyethylene (ExxonMobil) and high density polyethylene (Liten FB 29). Blowing film extrusion in experimental technological line using a single screw extruder as the imported element was done. VOCs were collected on sorbent tubes containing Tenax. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied for the identification of volatile degradation products. PE LLD material emits a significantly larger amount of hydrocarbons than PE-HD. Its emission contains mainly C18 and C20 hydrocarbons (alkanes, 1-alkenes, and α,ω-alkadienes). In case of the PE-HD polymer, lower degradation was observed and C18 and C23 hydrocarbons were emitted.
Knowledge Transfer in Higher Education Quality Management: The Case of Germany and Slovakia
Authors: Báráňová-Čiderová Denisa , Mayer Peter 
Published: August 2010

Knowledge Transfer in Higher Education Quality Management: The Case of Germany and Slovakia
The last two decades have been characterized by a fundamental change in the approaches, tools and instruments in the quality management at Higher Education Institutions. Comparison of two Higher Education Institutions in the Slovak Republic and Germany highlights similarities and trends in quality assurance. Both case studies show how multifaceted the quality management is, and the needs to be approached if a meaningful progress is to be made. Complexity has to be explicitly recognized and built into the approach chosen. Higher Education Institutions have to develop internal quality assurance processes. Quality culture is key for addressing the challenges.
Improved Fall-Related Efficacy in Older Adults Related to Changes in Dynamic Gait Ability
Authors: Bishop Mark D. , Patterson Tara S. , Romero Sergio , Light Kathye E. 
Published: August 2010

BackgroundLow fall-related efficacy is associated with the number and severity of future falls in older adults with balance disorders.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine whether improvements in clinical measures of balance after an intervention program were associated with changes in efficacy.DesignA prospective, nonexperimental, pretest-posttest design was used.MethodsSixty-three people (43 men, 20 women; mean [±SD] age=76.6±4.9 years) with a history of at least 2 falls in the previous 12 months were enrolled between 2004 and 2008 to participate in a 12-week home exercise program. Balance deficits were identified using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and participants were evaluated monthly. Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess the relationship between measures of balance (BBS and DGI) and efficacy (Falls Efficacy Scale) before intervention. A second model examined the relationship between changes in balance and changes in efficacy after participation in the program.ResultsPreintervention scores of efficacy were significantly associated with age, depression, and BBS and DGI scores. After controlling for age, depression, and strength (force-generating capacity), BBS and DGI scores together accounted for 34% of the variance in preintervention efficacy. Significant improvements were noted in efficacy, BBS and DGI scores, and depression after intervention. When controlling for preintervention efficacy and changes in depression, the changes in DGI and BBS scores together explained 11% of the variance in the change in fall-related efficacy; however, only DGI scores contributed uniquely.LimitationsThese results are tempered by the absence of a control group to examine the role of time on changes in efficacy.ConclusionsThe results suggest that increased emphasis on mobility during rehabilitation leads to improved confidence to perform activities of daily living without falling.
Breast MRI as an adjunct to mammography: Does it really suffer from low specificity? a retrospective analysis stratified by mammographic BI-RADS classes
Authors: Benndorf Matthias , Baltzer Pascal A.T. , Vag Tibor , Gajda Mieczyslaw , Runnebaum Ingo B. , Kaiser Werner A. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Reports on the specificity of breast MRI are heterogeneous, depending on the respective setting of the performed study. Purpose: To retrospectively estimate the sensitivity and especially the specificity of breast MRI in the non-screening setting as an adjunct to mammography sorted by breast density and to estimate the accuracy of breast MRI in cases rated BI-RADS 0 and 3 mammographically. Material and Methods: A total of 216 consecutive patients with referral to breast MRI and previously acquired mammography were enrolled in this analysis. Negative findings were followed up with a mean time of 26.7 months. The loss to follow-up was 10.8%. The single breast was regarded as the study subject ( n=399, 364 cases were eligible for calculation of diagnostic accuracy). BI-RADS 1 and 2 were rated as benign, 4 and 5 as malignant. BI-RADS 0 and 3 were analyzed separately. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from the normally approximated binomial distribution and taken to represent significant differences for the two imaging modalities if they did not overlap. Results: Among the study population, 62 malignant neoplasms were detected. For cases rated BI-RADS 1, 2, 4, and 5 ( n=251), the sensitivity of breast MRI was 95.7% (95% CI 89.9–100.0%) and 74.5% (95% CI 62.0–87.0%) for mammography, respectively. The specificity of breast MRI was 96.1% (95% CI 93.4–98.8%) and 92.2% (95% CI 88.5–95.9%) for mammography, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI did not depend on breast density. In cases rated BI-RADS 0, n=57 (3, n=56), breast MRI achieved a sensitivity of 100% (90.9%) and a specificity of 98.1% (88.9%). There was a significant ( P< 0.01) accumulation of dense breast tissue (ACR IV) in breasts rated BI-RADS 0 in mammography. Breast MRI missed three malignant lesions, two of them being smaller than 3 mm. Conclusion: There is no rationale to criticize the low specificity of breast MRI when used as an adjunct to mammography. The independency of the diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI from breast density makes it a worthwhile choice in mammographic BI-RADS 0 cases.
La société britannique, la monarchie et la guerre, 1914-1945
Authors: Chassaigne Philippe 
Published: August 2010

Clef de voûte du système institutionnel britannique, la monarchie ne pouvait échapper à la mise à l’épreuve que constituèrent les deux guerres mondiales. Si, dans le domaine de la politique intérieure, le pouvoir du souverain n’augmenta pas, pas plus qu’il ne joua, dans aucun des deux conflits, le rôle du « roi de guerre », en revanche, la dimension impériale de la couronne en sortit renforcée : l’Empire démontra un loyalisme à toute épreuve (exception faite de la neutralité irlandaise en 1939) et l’adoption du Statut de Westminster (1931), redéfinissant les rapports entre la métropole et les Dominions, mettait expressément l’accent sur l’allégeance à la Couronne comme facteur de l’unité impériale. Surtout, les Royals surent se mettre à l’unisson de la nation : George V et George VI jouèrent pleinement leur rôle de « père tutélaire » de leurs sujets et, lors de chaque conflit, l’ensemble de la famille royale multiplia les visites sur le terrain ou s’engage dans maintes activités caritatives. En outre, les media déclinèrent à l’infini ce thème de la monarchie partageant les épreuves des Britanniques. L’institution sortit donc renforcée de deux conflits qui, sur le Continent, entraînèrent la ruine de plus d’une dynastie européenne.
Un modèle d'expansion économique à Nantes de 1763 à 1792 : Louis Drouin, négociant et armateur
Authors: Pineau-Defois Laure 
Published: August 2010

La France et le port de Nantes en particulier, connaissent un essor commercial remarquable tout au long du XVIII e siècle. Les guerres ne viennent perturber que ponctuellement cette prospérité basée sur un système d’échanges entre la façade atlantique, l’Afrique et l’Amérique. L’après-guerre de Sept Ans marque un renouveau dans le paysage du négoce nantais : des hommes néophytes pour la plupart, se lancent dans l’aventure maritime et deviennent les plus puissants de la place commerciale à la veille de la Révolution. Louis Drouin représente une figure emblématique de ces nouvelles élites portuaires de la fin de l’Ancien Régime. Quelles sont les caractéristiques de cette élite ? Comment l’armement de navires et le négoce peuvent-ils permettre un enrichissement aussi prompt et efficace ? Quels moyens se donnent ces hommes pour réussir ? Louis Drouin progresse dans son entreprise de manière infaillible et stratégique. Il s’associe à deux autres négociants dans un premier temps, pour débuter dans l’armement afin de se constituer un capital personnel. Puis, il combine à une droiture massive et régulière avec Saint-Domingue un armement négrier peu audacieux mais efficace. De plus, sa connaissance étendue de Saint-Domingue et ses relations établies lors de ses quatorze années de vie à Saint Marc, lui assurent une compétence ineffable dans le commerce des Îles. Sa spéculation, autant pour le financement des expéditions maritimes que lors des phases de belligérance, nous permet de déceler les tactiques d’un homme rompu aux rouages du capitalisme commercial. L’exemple de Louis Drouin nous offre la possibilité d’approcher au mieux les mentalités négociantes de cette fin d’Ancien Régime et de comprendre le rôle de la Révolution dans la désagrégation des fortunes coloniales et maritimes.
Les vivants et les morts dans les métropoles de l'époque moderne
Authors: Harding Vanessa 
Published: August 2010

Résumé La façon dont une société s’occupe de ses cadavres peut être riche d’enseignements. Les rituels mortuaires et les pratiques funéraires révèlent et renforcent les structures sociales, et sont un mécanisme important pour assurer une continuité et une récupération sociales face à la mort. Les premières villes modernes, et particulièrement les grandes métropoles comme Londres ou Paris, ont du faire face à un défi hygiénique et pratique, qui consistait à enterrer chaque année des milliers de morts tout en s’efforçant de ménager la susceptibilité des croyances populaires. Cet article montre quelles solutions et pratiques elles ont développées, et soutient qu’il existe un rapport essentiel entre la façon dont les problèmes concernant la mort et l’enlèvement des corps étaient traités à Londres et à Paris au début de l’époque moderne, et la manière dont ces villes font face aux grandes crises et aux problèmes d’ordre et de désordre. La continuité dans les pratiques funéraires pendant la période de la Réforme semble avoir été un facteur de stabilité à Londres, et une source de conflit à Paris.
Les réseaux de marrainage en Italie du Nord du XVe au XVIIe siècle : coutumes, évolution, parcours individuels
Authors: Alfani Guido 
Published: August 2010

Dans les sociétés européennes des siècles passés, les relations de parrainage et de compérage, qui étaient tissées sous une forme de parenté particulière (la « parenté spirituelle »), jouaient un rôle social important. Bien qu’il ait des spécificités importantes, le marrainage présente encore de nombreux aspects obscurs car il a été souvent assimilé au parrainage. Avant le Concile de Trente, les marraines avaient moins d’importance que les parrains ; elles étaient même absentes dans beaucoup de communautés italiennes. C’est justement le Concile qui, en imposant une très nette diminution du nombre des parrains, revalorisa le marrainage et favorisa la participation des femmes à des systèmes complexes de parenté spirituelle. Dans le cadre de cette évolution, l’activité des marraines se dessine comme une sorte de « carrière » qui règle et conditionne l’élaboration progressive d’un réseau de relations qui a été souvent intégré dans celui des hommes (pères ou maris).