bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid Disposition in Oral Fluid after Controlled Smoked Cannabis
Authors: Lee Dayong , Schwope David M , Milman Garry , Barnes Allan J , Gorelick David A , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We measured Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN) disposition in oral fluid (OF) following controlled cannabis smoking to evaluate whether monitoring multiple cannabinoids in OF improved OF test interpretation.

METHODS
Cannabis smokers provided written informed consent for this institutional review board–approved study. OF was collected with the Quantisal™ device following ad libitum smoking of one 6.8% THC cigarette. Cannabinoids were quantified by 2-dimensional GC-MS. We evaluated 8 alternative cutoffs based on different drug testing program needs.

RESULTS
10 participants provided 86 OF samples −0.5 h before and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 22 h after initiation of smoking. Before smoking, OF samples of 4 and 9 participants were positive for THC and THCCOOH, respectively, but none were positive for CBD and CBN. Maximum THC, CBD, and CBN concentrations occurred within 0.5 h, with medians of 644, 30.4, and 49.0 μg/L, respectively. All samples were THC positive at 6 h (2.1–44.4 μg/L), and 4 of 6 were positive at 22 h. CBD and CBN were positive only up to 6 h in 3 (0.6–2.1 μg/L) and 4 (1.0–4.4 μg/L) participants, respectively. The median maximum THCCOOH OF concentration was 115 ng/L, with all samples positive to 6 h (14.8–263 ng/L) and 5 of 6 positive at 22 h.

CONCLUSIONS
By quantifying multiple cannabinoids and evaluating different analytical cutoffs after controlled cannabis smoking, we determined windows of drug detection, found suggested markers of recent smoking, and minimized the potential for passive contamination.
Recent developments in nuclear data measurements and chemical separation methods in accelerator production of astatine and technetium radionuclides
Authors: Lahiri Susanta , Maiti Moumita 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe cyclotron produced neutron deficient technetium radionuclides (93Tc,94(m+g)Tc,95Tc,96Tc) have gained renewed interest in various fields, including nuclear imaging, provided they can be obtained in a pure form. Similarly,211At due to its moderate half-life and high intensityα-particle energy (both from211At as well as its transient decay product211Po) is of prime interest in targeted therapy. Another interest is to study the astatine chemistry, which is least studied compared to other halogens due to its non-occurrence in natural systems. For maximum production of these radionuclides various parameters need to be standardized. A chemical separation is required to achieve high radiochemical purity beforein-vivoapplication. This review describes various production routes of neutron deficient astatine and technetium radionuclides that have been reported after the year 2000. The analytical chemistry developed for separation of no-carrier-added (nca) Tc and At radionuclides in the same period is also discussed in detail.
Messtechnische Erfassung von Pedalvibrationen
Authors: Trepte Stefan , Hebestreit Andreas , Tran Quang Thang , Heinicke René 
Published: January 2012

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Erfassung von Pedalvibrationen durch Messen von Weg, Kraft und Beschleunigung am Kupplungspedal. Parallel dazu erfolgten Bewertungen durch Probanden. Ergebnis der Versuche ist eine Darstellung des menschlichen Empfindens für Vibrationen am Fuß. Damit ist eine Objektivierung der Bewertung von Pedalvibrationen möglich.
Co-occurring Conditions and Change in Diagnosis in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Close Heather A. , Lee Li-Ching , Kaufmann Christopher N. , Zimmerman Andrew W. 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to investigate descriptive characteristics and co-occurring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions in young children, children, and adolescents with a current and consistent or past but not current (PBNC) diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and how such characteristics and conditions may engender a change in diagnosis of an ASD.

METHODS:
Cross-sectional data of 1366 children with a parent-reported current or PBNC ASD diagnosis were obtained from the National Survey of Children’s Health 2007 data set across 3 developmental stages: young children (aged 3–5 years), children (aged 6–11 years), and adolescents (aged 12–17 years). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine demographic characteristics and co-occurring conditions that differentiate the groups with a current ASD from groups with a PBNC ASD.

RESULTS:
Results indicated the co-occurring conditions that distinguish groups currently diagnosed with an ASD from groups with a PBNC ASD diagnosis. In young children, current moderate/severe learning disability, and current moderate/severe developmental delay; in children, past speech problem, current moderate/severe anxiety, and past hearing problem; and in adolescents, current moderate/severe speech problem, current mild seizure/epilepsy, and past hearing problem.

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings suggest that the presence of co-occurring psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions are associated with a change in ASD diagnosis. Questions remain as to whether changes in diagnosis of an ASD are due to true etiologic differences or shifts in diagnostic determination.
Declining Rates of Hospitalization for Nontraumatic Lower-Extremity Amputation in the Diabetic Population Aged 40 Years or Older: U.S., 1988–2008
Authors: Li Yanfeng , Burrows Nilka Ríos , Gregg Edward W. , Albright Ann , Geiss Linda S. 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE
To assess trends in rates of hospitalization for nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation (NLEA) in U.S. diabetic and nondiabetic populations and disparities in NLEA rates within the diabetic population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We calculated NLEA hospitalization rates, by diabetes status, among persons aged ≥40 years on the basis of National Hospital Discharge Survey data on NLEA procedures and National Health Interview Survey data on diabetes prevalence. We used joinpoint regression to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and to assess trends in rates from 1988 to 2008.

RESULTS
The age-adjusted NLEA discharge rate per 1,000 persons among those diagnosed with diabetes and aged ≥40 years decreased from 11.2 in 1996 to 3.9 in 2008 (APC −8.6%; P &lt; 0.01), while rates among persons without diagnosed diabetes changed little. NLEA rates in the diabetic population decreased significantly from 1996 to 2008 in all demographic groups examined (all P &lt; 0.05). Throughout the entire study period, rates of diabetes-related NLEA were higher among persons aged ≥75 years than among those who were younger, higher among men than women, and higher among blacks than whites.

CONCLUSIONS
From 1996 to 2008, NLEA discharge rates declined significantly in the U.S. diabetic population. Nevertheless, NLEA continues to be substantially higher in the diabetic population than in the nondiabetic population and disproportionately affects people aged ≥75 years, blacks, and men. Continued efforts are needed to decrease the prevalence of NLEA risk factors and to improve foot care among certain subgroups within the U.S. diabetic population that are at higher risk.
Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostic examination of naval gas turbine engines: Part II Unsteady processes
Authors: Korczewski Zbigniew 
Published: January 2012

Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostic examination of naval gas turbine engines: Part II Unsteady processes
The second part of the article presents the results of operating diagnostic tests of a two- and three-shaft engine with a separate power turbine during the start-up and acceleration of the rotor units. Attention was paid to key importance of the correctness of operation of the automatic engine load control system, the input for which, among other signals, is the rate of increase of the exhaust gas flow temperature. The article presents sample damages of the engine flow section which resulted from disturbed functioning of this system. The unsteady operation of the compressor during engine acceleration was the source of excessive increase of the exhaust gas temperature behind the combustion chamber and partial burning of the turbine blade tips.
An Analysis of the Impact of the Economy on the Olympic Movement
Authors: Pacut Miroslav 
Published: January 2012

An Analysis of the Impact of the Economy on the Olympic Movement
More than a century has passed since Pierre de Coubertin revived the classical Olympic ideal and gave it a modern form. The Olympic Games have become the number one sport event, including in terms of viewer ratings, and related thereto are economic aspects. Since the 1980s, the cash flows going into the Olympic movement have grown on a sustained basis and the projects of the cities organizing the Games have become increasingly megalomaniac. Today, it seems that the changed global economic situation will bring a correction of that trend. This article strives to capture the genesis of the modern Olympic movement in economic terms and to forecast its development trends for the future.
Utiliser les Jeux Vidéos Actifs pour Promouvoir l'Activité Physique
Authors: Pasco Denis , Bossard Cyril , Buche Cédric , Kermarrec Gilles 
Published: January 2012

Utiliser les Jeux Vidéos Actifs pour Promouvoir l'Activité Physique
In the research literature, playing electronic video games has been traditionally associated with various risks for both mental and physical health. In recent years, a new type of video games call active video games or exergames have emerged. Exergames involve physical activity as a mean of interacting with the game. There is little evidence about the benefits of exergames to promote physical activity (PA). The goal of this study is to present an overview of the recently published literature on this area. A literature search on international online bibliographic databases was conducted. The expected benefits of exergames were used as categorization scheme. Studies reported that exergames significantly increase energy expenditure and heart rate compare to sedentary video gaming. Evidence is mixed on whether exergames engage children in levels of activity that are consistent with public health recommendations for physical activity and improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Studies suggested that multiplayer classes may increase children's motivation to play exergames. One study report that exergames can enhance students' motor skill. More investigations are necessary to confirm the benefits of exergames to promote PA. We suggest moving from design exergames for entertainment to design exergames for learning.
Free Throw Shooting Effectiveness in Basketball Matches of Men and Women
Authors: Zuzik Pavol 
Published: January 2012

Free Throw Shooting Effectiveness in Basketball Matches of Men and Women
Points scored in a basketball match by successful shooting of free throws have a significant share on the total team's score. Free throw shooting in basketball is a specific individual activity of an individual equally important in both men's and women's categories. The aim of the work is to contribute to the knowledge on the successfulness of free throw shooting in men and women in competition basketball matches of the Slovak Basketball Association in various age categories. The main task was to process data in both categories and to compare them mutually. Ex post facto research methodology was used. Methods of documents analysis, percentage of effectiveness and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U- test were employed. The rate of success of free throw shooting was detected and compared separately in men's and women's categories. We mutually compared the rate of success in all age categories. In men's categories the shooting successfulness was slightly oscillating. In women's categories the presumption of a fluent increase in the percentage of free throw shooting successfulness was not confirmed. When comparing the successfulness of men's and women's teams in various age categories, a statistically significant value in favour of women aged 13-14 years and 15-16-years, as well as in favour of men aged 18 and older extraleague players was recorded. In future research we propose age differentiation of the observed men and women in adult category, to analyze in details the reasons for the percentage growth or decrease observed, the rate of success of free throwing especially in youth age categories.
The Role of Organized Sports Participation during Adolescence in Adult Physical Activity Patterns
Authors: de Montes Lorena , Arruza Jose , Arribas Silvia , Irazusta Susana , Telletxea Saioa 
Published: January 2012

The Role of Organized Sports Participation during Adolescence in Adult Physical Activity Patterns
An active adult lifestyle is related to higher quality of life regarding physical and psychological well-being. This study investigates the influence of organized sports participation during adolescence in adult physical activity in a retrospective way. A sample of participants living in the north of Spain was asked to report the minutes invested in vigorous, moderate and walking activities during the last seven days. Results showed that those who had been sports club members or had participated in competition prior to the age of 16 had spent a longer time on vigorous activities and a lesser amount of minutes on walking during the last seven days. Implications of adolescent organized sport for continuity of physical activity in adulthood are discussed.
The Social-Psychological Outcomes of Dance Practice: A Review
Authors: Malkogeorgos Alexandros , Zaggelidou Eleni , Manolopoulos Evagelos , Zaggelidis George 
Published: January 2012

The Social-Psychological Outcomes of Dance Practice: A ReviewDance involvement among the youth has been described in many terms. Studies regarding the effects of dance practice on youth show different images. Most refer that dance enhanced personal and social opportunities, increased levels of socialization and characteristic behavior among its participants. Socialization in dance differs according to dance forms, and a person might become socialized into them not only in childhood and adolescence but also well into adulthood and mature age. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the major findings of studies concerning the social-psychological outcomes of dance practice. This review revealed that a considerable amount of researches has been conducted over the years, revealed positive social-psychological outcomes of dance practice, in a general population, as well as specifically for adults or for adolescents. According to dance form the typical personality profile of dancers, dancers being introverted, relatively high on emotionality, strongly achievement motivated and exhibiting less favorable self attitudes. It is proposed that a better understanding of the true nature of the social-psychological outcomes of dance practice can be provided if specific influential factors are taken into account in future research (i.e., participants' characteristics, type of guidance, social context and structural qualities of the dance).
The triggering of subglacial lake drainage during rapid glacier drawdown: Crane Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Scambos Ted A. , Berthier Etienne , Shuman Christopher A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIce surface altimetry from ICESat-1 and NASA aircraft altimeter overflights spanning 2002–09 indicate that a region of lower Crane Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula, shows an unusual temporal pattern of elevation loss: a period of very rapid drawdown (~91ma–1 between September 2004 and September 2005) bounded by periods of large but more moderate rates (23ma–1 until September 2004; 12ma–1 after September 2005). The region of increased drawdown is ~4.5 km ×2.2 km based on satellite (ASTER and SPOT-5) stereo-image digital elevation model (DEM) differencing spanning the event. In a later differential DEM the anomalous drawdown feature is not seen. Bathymetry in Crane Glacier fjord reveals a series of flat-lying, formerly subglacial deeps interpreted as lake sediment basins. We conclude that the elevation-change feature resulted from drainage of a small, deep subglacial lake. We infer that the drainage event was induced by hydraulic forcing of subglacial water past a downstream obstruction. However, only a fraction of Crane Glacier’s increase in flow speed that occurred near the time of lake drainage (derived from image feature tracking) appears to be directly attributable to the event; instead, retreat of the ice front off a subglacial ridge 6 km downstream of the lake is likely the dominant cause of renewed fast flow and more negative mass balance in the subsequent 4 years.
Climatic controls of glacier distribution and glacier changes in Austria
Authors: Abermann J. , Kuhn M. , Fischer A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this study we aim to connect glacier extent in 1998 with general climatic conditions, and glacier changes between 1969 and 1998 with climate change in the Austrian Alps. The investigations are based on two complete glacier inventories, a homogenized gridded precipitation dataset and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts re-analysis (ERA-40) data of air temperature at different levels. A relationship between median glacier elevation, minimal elevation, the general elevation of the surrounding mountains and mean climatic values was found. In the Austrian Alps, the existence of glaciers at low elevations can only be maintained with above-average accumulation or strong dynamic ice supply. For debris-free glaciers, we found a limit of ~2080ma.s.l., where mean summer temperatures (June–August) exceed 4°C. Glacier changes from 1969 to 1998 are strongly negative both in relative area and in mean thickness. There is a weak and regionally varying negative trend in precipitation over this period. A spatially consistent sequence of positive temperature anomalies in the early 1980s and after 1990 offers an explanation for the retreat. The study shows that the observed spatial variability of glacier changes is connected more strongly to the topographic differences than to a regionally different climate change signal.
Tropical glaciers, recorders and indicators of climate change, are disappearing globally
Authors: Thompson Lonnie G. , Mosley-Thompson Ellen , Davis Mary E. , Brecher Henry H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper we review the interaction of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability and warming trends recorded in ice-core records from high-altitude tropical glaciers, discuss the implications of the warming trends for the glaciers and consider the societal implications of glacier retreat. ENSO has strong impacts on meteorological phenomena that directly or indirectly affect most regions on the planet and their populations. Many tropical ice fields have provided continuous annually resolved proxy records of climatic and environmental variability preserved in measurable parameters, especially oxygen and hydrogen isotopic ratios (δ18O, δD) and the net mass balance (accumulation). These records present an opportunity to examine the nature of tropical climate variability in greater detail and to extract new information on linkages between rising temperatures on tropical glaciers and equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures in critical ENSO indicator regions. The long-term climate records from a collection of high-altitude tropical ice cores provide the longer-term context essential for assessing the significance of the magnitude and rate of current climate changes that are in large measure driving glacier retreat. The well-documented ice loss on Quelccaya in the Peruvian Andes, Naimona’nyi in the Himalaya, Kilimanjaro in eastern Africa and the ice fields near Puncak Jaya in Papua, Indonesia, presents a grim future for low-latitude glaciers. The ongoing melting of these ice fields (response) is consistent with model predictions for a vertical amplification of temperature in the tropics (driver) and has serious implications for the people who live in these areas.
A new glacier inventory for the European Alps from Landsat TM scenes of 2003: challenges and results
Authors: Paul F. , Frey H. , Le Bris R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMeltwater from glaciers in the European Alps plays an important role in hydropower production, and future glacier development is thus of economic interest. However, an up-to-date and alpine-wide inventory for accurate assessment of glacier changes or modelling of future glacier development has not hitherto been available. Here we present a new alpine-wide inventory (covering Austria, France, Italy and Switzerland) derived from ten Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes acquired within 7 weeks in 2003. Combined with the globally available digital elevation model from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, topographic inventory parameters were derived for each of the 3770 mapped glaciers, covering 2050 km2. The area-class frequency distribution is very similar in all countries, and a mean northerly aspect (NW, N, NE) is clearly favoured (arithmetic counting). Mean glacier elevation is ~2900 m, with a small dependence on aspect. The total area loss since the previous glacier inventory (acquired around 1970±15 years) is roughly one-third, yielding a current area loss rate of ~2%a–1. Digital overlay of the outlines from the latest Austrian glacier inventory revealed differences in the interpretation of glacier extents that prohibit change assessment. A comparison of TM-derived outlines with manually digitized extents on a high-resolution IKONOS image returned 1.5% smaller glaciers with TM.
Modeling of firn compaction for estimating ice-sheet mass change from observed ice-sheet elevation change
Authors: Li Jun , Zwally H. Jay 
Published: January 2012

AbstractChanges in ice-sheet surface elevation are caused by a combination of ice-dynamic imbalance, ablation, temporal variations in accumulation rate, firn compaction and underlying bedrock motion. Thus, deriving the rate of ice-sheet mass change from measured surface elevation change requires information on the rate of firn compaction and bedrock motion, which do not involve changes in mass, and requires an appropriate firn density to associate with elevation changes induced by recent accumulation rate variability. We use a 25 year record of surface temperature and a parameterization for accumulation change as a function of temperature to drive a firn compaction model. We apply this formulation to ICESat measurements of surface elevation change at three locations on the Greenland ice sheet in order to separate the accumulation-driven changes from the ice-dynamic/ablation-driven changes, and thus to derive the corresponding mass change. Our calculated densities for the accumulation-driven changes range from 410 to 610 kgm–3, which along with 900 kgm–3 for the dynamic/ablation-driven changes gives average densities ranging from 680 to 790 kgm–3. We show that using an average (or ‘effective’) density to convert elevation change to mass change is not valid where the accumulation and the dynamic elevation changes are of opposite sign.