bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adeno‐associated virus type 5–mediated intraarticular administration of tumor necrosis factor small interfering RNA improves collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Khoury Maroun , Courties Gabriel , Fabre Sylvie , Bouffi Carine , Seemayer Christian A. , Vervoordeldonk Margriet J. , Tak Paul P. , Jorgensen Christian , Apparailly Florence 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveRNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for sequence‐specific gene silencing, and interest in its application in human diseases is growing. Given the success of recent strategies for administering gene therapy in rheumatoid arthritis using recombinant vectors such as adeno‐associated virus type 5 (rAAV5) for optimized intraarticular gene transfer, we undertook the present study to determine the feasibility of using rAAV5‐mediated RNAi‐based therapy in arthritis.MethodsWe developed rAAV5 vectors expressing short hairpin small interfering RNA (shRNA) against tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) under H1 promoter, and carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter gene under cytomegalovirus promoter (rAAV5‐shTNF). TNFα gene silencing was validated in vitro with mouse macrophages. Mice with collagen‐induced arthritis were injected in the ankle and knee joints, at disease onset, with either rAAV5‐shTNF or control rAAV5‐eGFP vectors (5 × 109 particles). Arthritis severity was assessed clinically and histologically, and immunologic response was examined. Local and systemic transgene expression was monitored using quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical analysis, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAfter a single injection of rAAV5‐shTNF into inflamed joints, local TNFα gene silencing provided rapid and long‐term suppression of arthritis progression and reduced joint damage compared with that observed in control groups. Treatment with rAAV5‐shTNF was associated with decreased proliferation and interferon‐γ production by antigen‐stimulated T cells from draining lymph nodes, and the potency of this treatment was similar to that observed with other treatment strategies targeting TNFα at the protein level, either locally or systemically.ConclusionOur data present the first proof‐of‐concept for the application of rAAV5‐mediated RNAi‐based gene therapy for local blockade of inflammation in experimental arthritis.
Utilizing a home‐based parent training approach in the treatment of food selectivity
Authors: Najdowski Adel C. , Wallace Michele D. , Reagon Kara , Penrod Becky , Higbee Thomas S. , Tarbox Jonathan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEvaluating effects of utilizing parents as therapists for treating behavior problems has become increasingly important in the dissemination and practice of applied behavior analysis. However, home‐based parent training approaches have been underused in treating feeding problems. In this study, mothers were trained to implement differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) combined with non‐removal of the spoon and demand fading for the treatment of their childrens' food selectivity. The procedures were highly effective and generalization to untargeted foods was observed. Parent procedural integrity and parent collected interobserver agreement (IOA) data remain high throughout the study. This study also demonstrated an effective method for systematically decreasing reinforcement magnitude and schedules in an effort to mimic traditional reinforcer delivery such as intermittently providing a dessert at the end of the meal. Finally, this study successfully increased a demand fading ratio of 50–150% without noticeable side effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does family interrelating change over the course of individual treatment?
Authors: Kalaitzaki Argyroula , Birtchnell John , Nestoros Joannis 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInterrelating is a combination of each person's relating towards a specified other and each person's view of the other's relating towards him/her. Negative interrelating is a maladaptive form of interrelating. The study aims to (1) compare the negative interrelating within the families of neurotic and psychotic psychotherapy outpatients; (2) examine whether individual treatment has a beneficial effect upon negative interrelating; (3) examine whether the improvement extends beyond the patients' interrelating with their parents (i.e., between the parents and the patients' sibling and between the parents themselves); and (4) make similar comparisons within a sample of non‐patients. The negative interrelating between the psychotic patients and their parents was more marked than that between the neurotic patients and their parents. The negative interrelating between the patients and their parents dropped significantly over the course of therapy. There were also significant changes in the interrelating between the patients' siblings and their parents and between the parents themselves even though they had not been involved in the therapy. Many of the end of therapy scores of the patients and their parents approached more those of the non‐patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• It is useful to measure both the negative relating of patients and the negative interrelating between patients and other family members.• The patients' therapy appears also to benefit the interrelating between those family members who were not involved in the therapy.• These findings may be more marked in Greek families, in which young adults stay closer to their parents.
Decode‐and‐forward with partial relay selection
Authors: Rui Xianyi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractExact expressions for outage probability and symbol error rate are presented for a decode‐and‐forward cooperative network with partial relay selection. An independent but not identically distributed Nakagami‐m fading environment is considered. Numerical and simulated results show the validity of the analytical results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energieeffizient und erdbebensicher Bauen mit monolithischem Ziegelmauerwerk
Authors: Butenweg Christoph , Fäcke Andreas , Fehling Ekkehard , Gellert Christoph , Gierga Michael , Meyer Udo , Rütschlin Andreas H. , Stürz Jochen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractModerne Bauwerke müssen heute eine hohe energetische Leistungsfähigkeit aufweisen und gleichzeitig alle einwirkenden Lasten sicher abtragen. Dies stellt insbesondere in Erdbebengebieten hohe Anforderungen an die verwendeten Baustoffe. Am baupraktischen Beispiel einer Doppelhaushälfte wird demonstriert, dass die Symbiose aus energieeffizientem und gleichzeitig erdbebensicherem Bauen in der höchsten deutschen Erdbebenzone mit monolithischem Ziegelmauerwerk gut realisierbar ist. Als Ziegelmauerwerk werden für die Außenwände wärmetechnisch optimierte Hochlochziegel verwendet, die sowohl die Anforderungen der Energieeinsparverordnung 2009 als auch die Anforderungen an Mauerwerkbaustoffe nach den aktuellen Erdbebennormen erfüllen. Der Erdbebennachweis der Doppelhaushälfte erfolgt mit einem nichtlinearen Nachweisverfahren, das für eine einfache praktische Anwendung programmtechnisch umgesetzt wurde. Für den Nachweis wurden aus zyklischen Schubwandversuchen ermittelte Last‐Verformungskurven verwendet. Das gesamte in Deutschland noch nicht normativ geregelte Nachweiskonzept wurde im Rahmen einer Zustimmung im Einzelfall geprüft und genehmigt.Energy‐efficient and earthquake‐proof building with monolithic brickwork. Nowadays, modern buildings need to have a high energetic performance and they have to withstand seismic actions at the same time. These contradictory demands can only be fulfilled by construction materials of high quality and optimal performance. On the example of a semi‐detached building in Germany’s highest earthquake‐zone it is demonstrated that buildings made of monolithic brickwork meet all the requirements of energy efficiency and earthquake resistant design. The monolithic brickwork was carried out with thermo technical optimized vertical perforated bricks for the external walls. The used brick type fulfils all demands according to DIN 4149 and EnEV 2009. The structural safety of the semi‐detached building is verified by means of nonlinear deformation based method, which has been implemented into a user friendly software package. The pushover curves of the single shear walls are determined by cyclic shear wall tests. The procedure is not part of the German earthquake code yet and has been approved by national building authorities.
Synthesis of N‐Bz‐Protected D‐Daunosamine and D‐Ristosamine by Silica Gel Promoted Intramolecular Conjugate Addition of Trichloroacetimidates obtained from Osmundalactone and Its Epimer
Authors: Matsushima Yoshitaka , Kino Jun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTrichloroacetimidates prepared from osmundalactone and its epimer unexpectedly undergo intramolecular conjugate addition during silica gel chromatography to produce oxazolines in excellent yields. The novel, simple synthesis of N‐Bz‐protected D‐daunosamine and D‐ristosamine from these oxazolines is described in this paper.
Polymer‐Supported Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Using a Diisopropylsiloxane Linker and Trichloroacetimidate Donors
Authors: Mar Kayser M. , de Paz José L. , Nieto Pedro M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe describe herein the polymer‐supported synthesis of biologically relevant oligosaccharides using a diisopropylsiloxane linker and trichloroacetimidates as glycosyl donors. Siloxane linkers offer important advantages over closely related silyl ethers since even sterically hindered alcohols can be directly loaded onto commercially available polymers, such as soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG), without prior manipulation of the support. Final products can be easily detached by mild fluoridolysis to afford OH‐tagged sugar probes. We followed an acceptor‐bound approach that fixed the nucleophile on the polymer, and we selected soluble PEG as the support due to higher reactivity of bound sugars and easy reaction monitoring. Following this strategy, the trisaccharide repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis (serogroup L) and the disaccharide containing the structural motif of hyaluronic acid were successfully synthesized.
Parathyroid hormone is not required for normal milk composition or secretion or lactation-associated Bone loss in normocalcemic Rats
Authors: Garner Sanford C. , Boass Agna , Toverud Svein U. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
To determine if parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for lactation in rats, the parathyroid glands were removed surgically during the first week of lactation and the rats were given a diet containing a high calciumphosphorus ratio to maintain a normal serum calcium concentration. Lactating rats were placed on diet containing 1.2% calcium (Ca) and 0.8, 0.6, or 0.4% phosphorus (P) on day 2 postpartum (PP) and were parathyroidectomized (PTX) at 4–6 days PP. At 10 days PP serum Ca was 10.5 ± 0.2 mg/dl (mean ± SEM) for PTX rats and 10.4 ± 0.3 mg/dl in sham-operated lactating rats when the diet contained 0.6% P. When the diet P was 0.8%, the litters gained little or no weight and serum Ca fell to 6.9 ± 0.6 mg/dl by day 10 PP in PTX rats compared with 10.2 ± 0.2 mg/dl in sham rats. PTX rats fed the diet containing 1.2% Ca and 0.6% P maintained a normal serum Ca level until at least day 18 PP, but their serum P levels fell gradually from approximately 5 mg/dl at 10 days to 3 mg/dl at 18 days PP. In spite of this hypophosphatemia, the litters of PTX and sham rats had gained the same amount of weight by age 16 days, indicating equal milk production in the two groups. Milk Ca, P, and total solids were not significantly different between PTX and sham rats on day 11 PP. With the 1.2% Ca and 0.4% P diet, the femurs lost approximately 20% of dry bone mass in both PTX and sham rats (p &lt; 0.01) between 5 days PP, when PTX was carried out, and 20 days PP. We conclude that the absence of the parathyroid glands does not affect milk production, milk mineral composition, or the lactation-associated bone loss when normal serum Ca levels are maintained by diet. We suggest that PTH is not essential for lactation beyond its normal function of maintaining the serum Ca concentration
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Devogelaer Jean-Pierre , De Deuxchaisnes Charles Nagant , Stein Frédéric 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The gastrointestinal absorption of enteric-coated (EC) tablets of sodium fluoride (NaF) with respect to different time schedules of administration of calcium supplements in solution was tested. It was found that the simultaneous administration of these two medications under these formulations did not interfere with fluoride absorption. The calcium was also well absorbed as shown by the rise in serum ionized calcium concentration. Other schedules were studied as well, such as EC NaF tablets taken 1 hour after or 3 hours before the administration of calcium supplements. No superiority was shown, on the contrary, compared with the simultaneous administration of both medications. It was concluded that EC tablets of NaF and calcium supplements in solution can be provided simultaneously to enhance compliance.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Kopp Jeffrey B. , Robey Pamela Gehron 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Sodium fluoride has been shown to be effective therapy for some patients with vertebral osteoporosis. Data from histomorphometric studies in patients and animals suggest that at least part of this effect may be a consequence of a proliferative effect of fluoride, either direct or indirect, on the osteoblast or on an osteoblastic precursor cell. Experiments with osteoblastic cells derived from embryonic chick calvaria have demonstrated a mitogenic effect of fluoride. The present study examined whether fluoride affects in a similar way fetal human bone cells derived from femur or calvaria. Under a variety of culture conditions, including medium supplemented with serum and in serum-free medium, fluoride did not alter the proliferative rate of human bone cells as measured by thymidine incorporation and direct cell counting.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: DR. Murray T. M. , Harrison J. E. , Bayley T. A. , Josse R. G. , Sturtridge W. C. , Chow R. , Budden F. , Laurier L. , Pritzker K. P. H. , Kandel R. , Vieth R. , Strauss A. , Goodwin S. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We report on 61 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis who were treated with either plain sodium fluoride (NaF) capsules or enteric-coated NaF tablets for 4 years, in whom possible therapeutic and toxic effects were monitored. In these patients there was a mean increase in axial bone mineral mass, assessed by neutron activation analysis, of 26.2% ± 2.4% (SEM) during the 4 years. This corresponds to a decrease in the bone deficit (compared with reference values) of 48.6%. The response was linear over 4 years. The main predictors of the osteogenic response were bone fluoride (r = 0.52, p &lt; 0.01), serum fluoride (r = 0.50, p &lt; 0.01), and age (0.39, p &lt; 0.01). Patients over 65 years of age achieved higher bone fluoride (F) levels and a significantly greater increase in bone mineral than younger patients (32.8 vs. 17.9%, p &lt; 0.01), associated with an age-related decline in renal function; serum fluoride was significantly and negatively correlated to creatinine clearance (r = −0.52, p &lt; 0.01). Although the effect of NaF on fracture rate could not be assessed in this uncontrolled study, the major factors associated with the occurrence of new vertebral fractures were the number of vertebral fractures and the bone mineral mass at the beginning of therapy. There was no correlation between vertebral fracture rate and serum or bone fluoride or other parameters of the osteogenic response, but patients who did not experience new vertebral fractures achieved a normal bone mineral content sooner than those who had new fractures during therapy. Only 18% of patients did not respond with an increase in bone mineral. These patients had significantly lower serum fluoride levels, and were significantly younger, with better renal function. The data suggest that younger patients may need a somewhat higher dose of fluoride to achieve the same effect. Side effects were tolerable for most patients. Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects were significantly reduced by the use of an enteric-coated preparation; very mild, transient GI side effects occurred in 11.1% of patients so treated. Transient lower extremity pain occurred in 9 patients (14.7%), and an additional 4 patients had transient symptoms from lower extremity stress fractures. Another 7 patients had femoral neck fractures during treatment. NaF causes a sustained, long-term increase in bone mineral with acceptable side effects in most patients. The dose of fluoride should be optimized individually for each patient on the basis of serum fluoride &gt; 5 μmol/liter), histological effects of fluoride (or bone fluoride), and toxicity. The mean dose of enteric-coated tablets required to achieve a histologic fluoride effect (hyperosteoidosis) in 88% of patients so treated was 42.6 mg/day (19.3 mg elemental fluoride).
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Code R. Fraser , Mcneill Kenneth G. , Harrison Joan E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We have developed a localized noninvasive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method for determining the accumulated bone fluoride content in human index fingers. Using a 27 MHz “split-ring” resonator probe, we measure the total fluoride (F) content within a 6.5 cm length of the distal end of the index finger from a calibrated determination of the intensity of the observed 19F free induction decay (FID) signal. Since fluoride impurities accumulate almost exclusively in bone mineral, the 19F resonance signal is broadened by rigid lattice magnetic dipole–dipole interactions, causing the FID signal to have a relatively short lifetime of approximately 75μs. This short signal lifetime, plus the weakness of the signal strength prevents conventional magnetic resonance imaging equipment from observing the 19F in bone mineral. Nevertheless, we have achieved an in vivo sensitivity of ± 0.5 mg fluoride in an observation period of 30 min. Assuming an index finger has between 0.25 and 0.5 g of bone calcium, this sensitivity is just sufficient to detect fluorides in the index finger of most adults whose bone fluoride concentration is greater than 2.0 mg fluoride/g calcium (0.8 mg/g ash weight). We are particularly interested in using this new NMR technique to monitor the rate of bone fluoride accumulation in osteoporotic patients receiving therapeutic levels of fluoride in their diets.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: DR. Bayley T. A. , Muller C. , Harrison J. , Basualdo J. , Sturtridge W. , Josse R. , Murray T. M. , Pritzker K. P. H. , Vieth R. , Goodwin S. , Strauss A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Twenty-two patients with steroid-induced osteoporosis were studied retrospectively to assess the effects on bone mass of fluoride therapy over 4 years. Thirteen of 19 patients with miscellaneous disorders and 2 with Cushing's syndrome received 1 g calcium/day, 50,000 IU vitamin D (D) weekly, and 40–60 mg/day sodium fluoride (F). Six patients with miscellaneous disorders and one with Cushing's syndrome received only Ca and vitamin D. The mean (±SD) cumulative dose of prednisone for fluoride-treated patients at the beginning of the study was 42 ± 25 g, and for those patients treated with only Ca and vitamin D, 45 ± 47 g, and during the study the cumulative dose was comparable in both groups. The bone mineral mass of the central skeleton was measured by neutron activation analysis and the results expressed as the calcium bone index (CaBI) which normalizes the results to that of young adults of the same body size (normal range 0.75–1.2). In the 13 patients with miscellaneous disorders treated with fluoride, the mean ± SD CaBI rose from 0.65 ± .03 to 0.75 ± .03 after 3 years p &lt; 0.001) and to 0.81 ± .11 at 4 years. Patients without fluoride had an initial mean CaBI of 0.70 ± .08 and it was not significantly changed over 3 years, 0.68 ± .09 and 4 years, 0.71 ± .09. The rise in CaBI in fluoride-treated patients with steroid-induced osteoporosis including Cushing's syndrome was comparable to that of 61 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with fluoride. In steroid osteoporotic patients treated with fluoride, fractures occurred in the first 2 years when the CaBI was still quite low. The results indicate that long-term fluoride therapy significantly increases bone mass in patients with steroid-induced osteoporosis to a similar degree as in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Farley SALLY M. G. , Libanati Cesar R. , Mariano-Menez M. Rosario , Tudtud-Hans Leah A. , Schulz Eloy E. , Baylink David J. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Since osteoporosis is a disease of diminished bone density, and since osteoporotic fractures occur most commonly in the spine, the ideal therapeutic agent for osteoporosis is one which can increase spinal bone density and thereby reduce the risk for vertebral fractures. In the current study we sought to examine the effect of fluoride therapy on spinal bone density utilizing quantitative computed tomography to measure changes in vertebral trabecular bone density during treatment with fluoride. A group of 61 postmenopausal osteoporotic females, aged 70 ± 9 years, were treated with 34 ± 7 mg elemental fluoride/day (equivalent to 75 ± 15 mg NaF/day) and 1500 mg calcium/day for 19 ± 6 months. Spinal bone density was increased within the first 6 months of fluoride therapy by 42% or 10 ± 13 mg/cm3 (p &lt; 0.001) and continued to increase throughout 2 years of observation. The skeletal response to fluoride therapy was also associated with an early increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity (p &lt; 0.001), which was related to the increase in spinal bone density (r = .58, p &lt; 0.001). Large interpatient variation was observed in the spinal bone response to fluoride therapy, which was not explained by variations in the pretreatment spinal bone density (r = .04), age of the patient (r = .15), or dose of fluoride (r = .16). Results from these studies demonstrate (1) the therapeutic value of fluoride to increase trabecular bone density lineraly for 2 years in the osteoporotic spine and (2) the clinical value of measuring spinal bone density and/or serum alkaline phosphatase activity as indices of the skeletal response to fluoride.