bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio‐demographic variation in diagnosis of and prescribing for common mental illnesses among children and young people during the COVID‐19 pandemic: time series analysis of primary care electronic health records
Authors: Hussey Louise Jane , Kontopantelis Evan , Mok Pearl L. H. , Ashcroft Darren M. , Carr Matthew J. , Garg Shruti , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Kapur Nav , Lovell Karina , Webb Roger T. 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of children and young people (CYP) has been widely reported. Primary care electronic health records were utilised to examine trends in the diagnosing, recording and treating of these common mental disorders by ethnicity and social deprivation in Greater Manchester, England.MethodsTime‐series analyses conducted using Greater Manchester Care Record (GMCR) data examined all diagnosed episodes of anxiety disorders and depression and prescribing of anxiolytics and antidepressants among patients aged 6–24 years. The 41‐month observation period was split into three epochs: Pre‐pandemic (1/2019–2/2020); Pandemic Phase 1 (3/2020–6/2021); Pandemic Phase 2 (7/2021–5/2022). Rate ratios for all CYP specific to sex, age, ethnicity, and neighbourhood‐level Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintile were modelled using negative binomial regression.ResultsDepression and anxiety disorder rates were highest in females, CYP aged 19–24, and White and ‘Other’ ethnic groups. During Pandemic Phase 1, rates for these diagnoses fell in all demographic subgroups and then rose to similar levels as those recorded pre‐pandemic. In Pandemic Phase 2, rates in Black and Mixed‐ethnicity females rose to a significantly greater degree (by 54% and 62%, respectively) than those in White females. Prescribing rates increased throughout the study period, with significantly greater rises observed in non‐White females and males. The temporal trends were mostly homogeneous across deprivation quintiles.ConclusionThe observed fluctuations in frequency of recorded common mental illness diagnoses likely reflect service accessibility and patients' differential propensities to consult as well as changing levels of distress and psychopathology in the population. However, psychotropic medication prescribing increased throughout the observation period, possibly indicating a sustained decline in mental health among CYP, and also clinicians' responses to problems presented. The comparatively greater increases in frequencies of diagnosis recording and medication prescribing among ethnic minority groups warrants further investigation.
The GABAergic pathway from anterior cingulate cortex to lateral hypothalamus area regulates irritable bowel syndrome in mice and its underlying mechanism
Authors: Guo Ruixiao , Gao Shengli , Feng Xufei , Liu Hua , Ming Xing , Sun Jinqiu , Luan Xinchi , Liu Zhenyu , Liu Weiyi , Guo Feifei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, has a high global prevalence. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is a pivotal region involved in pain processing, should be further investigated regarding its role in the regulation of visceral sensitivity and mental disorders. A C57BL/6J mouse model for IBS was established using chronic acute combining stress (CACS). IBS‐like symptoms were assessed using behavioral tests, intestinal motility measurements, and abdominal withdrawal reflex scores. Fluoro‐Gold retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry techniques were employed to investigate the projection of ACC gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐producing (GABAergic) neurons to the lateral hypothalamus area (LHA). Chemogenetic approaches enabled the selective activation or inhibition of the ACC–LHA GABAergic pathway. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot analyses were conducted to determine the expression of histamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). Our findings suggest that CACS induced IBS‐like symptoms in mice. The GABA type A receptors (GABAAR) within LHA played a regulatory role in modulating IBS‐like symptoms. The chemogenetic activation of ACC–LHA GABAergic neurons elicited anxiety‐like behaviors, intestinal dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity in normal mice; however, these effects were effectively reversed by the administration of the GABAAR antagonist Bicuculline. Conversely, the chemogenetic inhibition of ACC–LHA GABAergic neurons alleviated anxiety‐like behaviors, intestinal dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity in the mouse model for IBS. These results highlight the crucial involvement of the ACC–LHA GABAergic pathway in modulating anxiety‐like behaviors, intestinal motility alterations, and visceral hypersensitivity, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating IBS‐like symptoms.image
Extent of alteration, paleomagnetic history, and infrared spectral properties of the Tarda ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite
Authors: Bates H. C. , Aspin R. , Fu C. Y. , Harrison C. S. , Feaver E. , Branagan‐Harris E. , King A. J. , Bryson J. F. J. , Sridhar S. , Nichols C. I. O. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTarda is an ungrouped, hydrated carbonaceous chondrite (C2‐ung) that was seen to fall in Morocco in 2020. Early studies showed that Tarda chemically resembles another ungrouped chondrite, Tagish Lake (C2‐ung), which has previously been linked to the dark D‐type asteroids. Samples of D‐type asteroids provide an important opportunity to investigate primitive conditions in the outer solar system. We show that Tarda contains few intact chondrules and refractory inclusions and that its composition is dominated by secondary Mg‐rich phyllosilicates (>70 vol%), carbonates, oxides, and Fe‐sulfides that formed during extensive water–rock reactions. Quantitative assessment of first‐order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams shows that Tarda's magnetic mineralogy (i.e., framboidal magnetite) is comparable to that of the CI chondrites and differs notably from that of most CM chondrites. These traits support a common formation process for magnetite in Tarda and the CI chondrites. Furthermore, Tarda's pre‐terrestrial paleomagnetic remanence is similar to that of Tagish Lake and samples returned from asteroid Ryugu, with a very weak paleointensity (<0.6 μT) suggesting that Tarda's parent body accreted more distally than that of the CM chondrites, possibly at a distance of >5.4–8.3 AU. An origin in the cold, outer regions of the solar system is further supported by the presence of distinct, porous clasts enriched in aliphatic‐rich organics that potentially retain a pristine interstellar composition. Together, our observations support a genetic relationship between Tarda and Tagish Lake.
Geoclimatic drivers of diversification in the largest arid and semi‐arid environment of the Neotropics: Perspectives from phylogeography
Authors: Guillory Wilson X. , de Medeiros Magalhães Felipe , Coelho Felipe Eduardo Alves , Bonatelli Isabel A. S. , Palma‐Silva Clarisse , Moraes Evandro M. , Garda Adrian Antonio , Burbrink Frank T. , Gehara Marcelo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe South American Dry Diagonal, also called the Diagonal of Open Formations, is a large region of seasonally dry vegetation extending from northeastern Brazil to northern Argentina, comprising the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco subregions. A growing body of phylogeography literature has determined that a complex history of climatic changes coupled with more ancient geological events has produced a diverse and endemic‐rich Dry Diagonal biota. However, the exact drivers are still under investigation, and their relative strengths and effects are controversial. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations structured lineages via vegetation shifts, refugium formation, and corridors between the Amazon and Atlantic forests. In some taxa, older geological events, such as the reconfiguration of the São Francisco River, uplift of the Central Brazilian Plateau, or the Miocene inundation of the Chaco by marine incursions, were more important. Here, we review the Dry Diagonal phylogeography literature, discussing each hypothesized driver of diversification and assessing degree of support. Few studies statistically test these hypotheses, with most support drawn from associating encountered phylogeographic patterns such as population structure with the timing of ancient geoclimatic events. Across statistical studies, most hypotheses are well supported, with the exception of the Pleistocene Arc Hypothesis. However, taxonomic and regional biases persist, such as a proportional overabundance of herpetofauna studies, and the under‐representation of Chaco studies. Overall, both Pleistocene climate change and Neogene geological events shaped the evolution of the Dry Diagonal biota, though the precise effects are regionally and taxonomically varied. We encourage further use of model‐based analyses to test evolutionary scenarios, as well as interdisciplinary collaborations to progress the field beyond its current focus on the traditional set of geoclimatic hypotheses.
Antioxidants are ineffective at quenching reactive oxygen species inside bacteria and should not be used to diagnose oxidative stress
Authors: Korshunov Sergey , Imlay James A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA wide variety of stresses have been proposed to exert killing effects upon bacteria by stimulating the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A key part of the supporting evidence has often been the ability of antioxidant compounds to protect the cells. In this study, some of the most‐used antioxidants—thiourea, glutathione, N‐acetylcysteine, and ascorbate—have been examined. Their ability to quench superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was verified in vitro, but the rate constants were orders of magnitude too slow for them to have an impact upon superoxide and peroxide concentrations in vivo, where these species are already scavenged by highly active enzymes. Indeed, the antioxidants were unable to protect the growth and ROS‐sensitive enzymes of E. coli strains experiencing authentic oxidative stress. Similar logic posits that antioxidants cannot substantially quench hydroxyl radicals inside cells, which contain abundant biomolecules that react with them at diffusion‐limited rates. Indeed, antioxidants were able to protect cells from DNA damage only if they were applied at concentrations that slow metabolism and growth. This protective effect was apparent even under anoxic conditions, when ROS could not possibly be involved, and it was replicated when growth was similarly slowed by other means. Experimenters should discard the use of antioxidants as a way of detecting intracellular oxidative stress and should revisit conclusions that have been based upon such experiments. The notable exception is that these compounds can effectively degrade hydrogen peroxide from environmental sources before it enters cells.
Temperate trees locally engineer decomposition and litter‐bound microbiomes through differential litter deposits and species‐specific soil conditioning
Authors: Yates Caylon , King William L. , Richards Sarah C. , Wilson Cullen , Viddam Vedha , Blakney Andrew J. C. , Eissenstat David M. , Bell Terrence H. 
Published: June 2024

Summary

Leaf decomposition varies widely across temperate forests, shaped by factors like litter quality, climate, soil properties, and decomposers, but forest heterogeneity may mask local tree influences on decomposition and litter‐associated microbiomes. We used a 24‐yr‐old common garden forest to quantify local soil conditioning impacts on decomposition and litter microbiology.

We introduced leaf litter bags from 10 tree species (5 arbuscular mycorrhizal; 5 ectomycorrhizal) to soil plots conditioned by all 10 species in a full‐factorial design. After 6 months, we assessed litter mass loss, C/N content, and bacterial and fungal composition. We hypothesized that (1) decomposition and litter‐associated microbiome composition would be primarily shaped by the mycorrhizal type of litter‐producing trees, but (2) modified significantly by underlying soil, based on mycorrhizal type of the conditioning trees.

Decomposition and, to a lesser extent, litter‐associated microbiome composition, were primarily influenced by the mycorrhizal type of litter‐producing trees. Interestingly, however, underlying soils had a significant secondary influence, driven mainly by tree species, not mycorrhizal type. This secondary influence was strongest under trees from the Pinaceae.

Temperate trees can locally influence underlying soil to alter decomposition and litter‐associated microbiology. Understanding the strength of this effect will help predict biogeochemical responses to forest compositional change.
Effect of aromatic massage on brain waves and physiological indices of older adults
Authors: Sato Mitue , Koshu Yuu , Sugimoto Masahiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMassage and aromatherapy are frequently used by older adults as alternative interventions to enhance immunity and induce relaxation. This pilot study evaluated the effect of massage therapy with oil and aromatherapy alone and in combination using objective biological indices.MethodsTwenty‐eight participants recruited by convenience sampling included adults aged between 25 and 65 years (Group 1), elderly individuals over 65 years without nursing care (Group 2), and older adults over 65 needing long‐term nursing support (Group 3). A multiple‐group pretest‐post‐test design was employed, and the effect among the three groups was compared. Interventions included: (i) oil massage therapy; (ii) aromatherapy; and (iii) aroma oil massage therapy. Each therapy session lasted 5 min, with 3 min of observation before and after the session and 10 min interval between sessions. Group 3 omitted one therapy (2: aromatherapy) to reduce their physical burden. An electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for α, β, and θ activities of brain waves. EEG data were collected at three points: before, during, and after each treatment. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (s‐IgA) concentration, oxygen saturation (SPO2), and pulse rate were measured before and after each session.ResultsAcross all therapy modalities, there was a noticeable increase in the α wave, indicative of relaxation, during the treatment. Significant differences were observed before and during the oil massage in both Group 1 and Group 2. Aromatherapy demonstrated a significant difference before and during treatment in Group 1. Among the biological parameters, s‐IgA levels indicated no significant changes. The pulse rate decreased with oil massage. Significant differences were noted before and after therapy in all cases for SPO2 and in Group 2 for pulse rate.ConclusionsThree therapies induced EEG and physiological changes in the adult group and older adults without nursing care. However, these effects are limited in older adults requiring nursing care.
Nursing and midwifery students' perceptions of the elderly in nursing homes: a metaphor analysis
Authors: Bahadir‐Yilmaz Emel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundNursing and midwifery students' perceptions and attitudes toward older adults affect their behaviours, career choices and/or the quality of care provided to older adults after graduation. This study aimed to evaluate the perceptions of second year nursing and midwifery students toward elderly people staying in nursing homes through metaphor analysis.MethodsThis qualitative study has used the phenomenological approach. The sample of the study consisted of 128 nursing and midwifery students by purposive sampling method. Students were prompted to complete a sentence to express their perceptions about the elderly living in nursing homes: ‘The elderly in the nursing home is similar to … because …’ Participants were required to fill in their responses in two stages, providing metaphors in the first blank and reasons for their metaphors in the second blank.ResultsThe results indicated that five main themes and 12 sub‐themes were obtained from student metaphors: (i) needing help in meeting their needs (need for care and need for love); (ii) the emotional burden of a life away from loved ones (loneliness, abandonment, and helplessness); (iii) exhaustion at the end of the road (end, loss, and unproductive); (iv) holding on to life again (friendship and beginning); and (v) post‐traumatic growth (strong and experienced).ConclusionStudents should question how to create opportunities and increase interaction for the elderly in the age of changing and developing technology before graduation and should be trained as professional individuals who are willing for this purpose.
The glycogenolytic enzyme acid α‐glucosidase is expressed in the bovine uterine endometrium
Authors: Berg Malia D. , Dean Matthew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProgesterone has been shown to stimulate glycogen catabolism in uterine epithelial cells. Acid α‐glucosidase (GAA) is an enzyme that breaks down glycogen within lysosomes. We hypothesized that progesterone may stimulate glycogenolysis in the uterine epithelium via GAA. We found that GAA was more highly expressed in the stroma on Day 1 than on Day 11. However, GAA did not appear to differ in the epithelium on Days 1 and 11. Progesterone (0‐10 μM) had no effect on the levels of the full‐length inactive protein (110 kDa) or the cleaved (active) peptides present inside the lysosome (70 and 76 kDa) in immortalized bovine uterine epithelial (BUTE) cells. Furthermore, the activity of GAA did not differ between the BUTE cells treated with 10 μM progesterone or control. Overall, we confirmed that GAA is present in the cow endometrium and BUTE cells. However, progesterone did not affect protein levels or enzyme activity.
Foreign direct investment spillovers and regional innovation in China: The spatial moderating role of absorptive capacity
Authors: Sheng Yuxue , Yang Xin , Chih Yao‐Yu , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and regional innovation relationship in Chinese cities from 2009 to 2018, considering the influence of local absorptive capacity (ABC). We employ spatial panel regression moderated models with an interaction term between ABC and FDI. Our findings reveal spatial correlation and heterogeneity in the impact of FDI on regional innovation. Across various ABC percentile points, both direct and indirect effects of FDI are significantly negative. However, incorporating the moderating variable ABC weakens the detrimental effect, and as ABC increases, the inhibitory effect dissipates, resulting in a positive impact on regional innovation.
Depositional environments, hematite–chamosite differentiation and origins of Middle Ordovician iron ooids in the Upper Yangtze region, South China
Authors: Luan Xiaocong , Sproat Colin D. , Jin Jisuo , Zhan Renbin 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTMiddle Ordovician iron ooids in the Upper Yangtze region of South China are composed mainly of hematite and/or chamosite, found in mixed siliciclastic and carbonate successions, with hematitic ooids occurring in the west, and predominantly chamositic ooids in the east of the study area. In the three iron ooid‐bearing Middle–Upper Ordovician successions, 19 microfacies are recognized and grouped into eight facies associations, representing a shallow‐water mosaic comprising restricted and semi‐restricted lagoons, and open marine subtidal deposits interfingering with tidal flat and shoal facies. Hematitic ooids with well‐sorted and well‐rounded quartz grains formed in the transgressive shoal setting when the depositional environments changed from restricted lagoon to bioclast–quartz shoal and open marine subtidal. Episodic stasis and erosional intervals during transgression controlled the formation of hematite‐rich and mixed hematite–chamosite laminae within the cortices of hematitic ooids. In contrast, chamositic ooids formed in a semi‐restricted lagoonal environment, under long‐term transgressive condensation. Alternating episodes of relatively oxic conditions with thriving organisms and eutrophication‐driven anoxia resulted in the alternation of porous and dense laminae consisting mainly of chamosite in chamositic ooids. The stromatolite‐like cauliflower structures associated with chamositic ooids suggest microbial activity that promoted iron concentration, similar to the origin of approximately coeval iron‐rich oncoids in South China. Various iron ooid types demonstrate that these coated grains could form in a range of depositional setting and palaeooceanographic conditions on a generally shallow‐marine platform during the Ordovician.
Laparoscopy and thoracoscopy in small animal surgery: A 2020 survey of small animal diplomate and resident veterinary surgeons
Authors: Stoneburner Regan M. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Scott Jacqueline E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo document the utilization and training of laparoscopic and thoracoscopic minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques within the American, European, Australian and New Zealand Colleges of Small Animal Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS, ECVS, and ANZCVS) in 2020.Study designObservational study.Sample populationDiplomates and residents of the ACVS, ECVS, and FANZCVS.MethodsAn electronic survey was sent using veterinary list servers. Questions were organized into categories evaluating (1) the demographics of the study population and the caseload, (2) comfort level with specific procedures, (3) motivating factors and limitations, and (4) surgical training and the role of the governing bodies.ResultsRespondents included 111 practicing surgeons and 28 residents. Respondents’ soft‐tissue MIS caseloads had increased since they first started performing MIS; however, most respondents were only comfortable performing basic laparoscopy. Over half of the respondents agreed on the patient benefits and high standard of care provided by MIS. Perceived adequate soft‐tissue training in MIS during residency was strongly associated with perceived proficiency at the time of survey response. Most respondents agreed that the specialty colleges should take a more active role in developing standards for soft‐tissue MIS, with residents agreeing that a required standardized course would be beneficial.ConclusionSoft‐tissue MIS is widely performed by diplomates and residents. Perceived adequate soft‐tissue MIS training was strongly associated with perceived proficiency.Clinical significanceThere is substantial underutilization of advanced MIS techniques in veterinary specialty surgical practice, which might be improved by a stronger focus on MIS training during residency.
Identifying Inner Race Faults in Deep Groove Ball Bearing Using Nonlinear Mode Decomposition and Hilbert Transform
Authors: Singh Swapna , Yelve Nitesh P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the analysis of vibration-based signatures obtained from deep groove ball bearings with faults on the inner race. Various time−frequency-based methods are commonly used to diagnose faults in bearings. However, due to the non-self-adaptive nature of these methods and the nonlinear and nonstationary signals produced by the faults, mode decomposition techniques are seen as promising methods. This article presents a novel approach based on Nonlinear Mode Decomposition (NMD), which decomposes the complex signal into nonlinear modes. The data are taken from an online database of deep groove ball bearing with inner race faults of different sizes. These data are then subjected to NMD to extract nonlinear modes. Statistical parameters are applied to select a subset of significant nonlinear modes from the complete set. Finally, the Fast Fourier Transform is applied to the Hilbert Transform (HT) of the selected modes to see fault frequency and its higher harmonics resulting from nonlinearity. Additionally, the instantaneous frequency and instantaneous phase, two key parameters acquired from the HT, are also plotted for normal and faulty bearings, and the results are discussed in the article. The proposed method offers a valuable approach for accurately detecting and diagnosing deep groove ball-bearing faults.