bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleotemperature and paleosalinity inferences and chemostratigraphy across the Aptian/Albian boundary in the subtropical North Atlantic
Authors: Huber Brian T. , MacLeod Kenneth G. , Gröcke Darren R. , Kucera Michal 
Published: October 2011

Geochemical analyses of extraordinarily well preserved late Aptian–early Albian foraminifera from Blake Nose (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1049) reveal rapid shifts of δ18O, δ13C, and 87Sr/88Sr in the subtropical North Atlantic that may be linked to a major planktic foraminifer extinction event across the Aptian/Albian boundary. The abruptness of the observed geochemical shifts and their coincidence with a sharp lithologic contact is explained as an artifact of a previously undetected hiatus of 0.8–1.4 million years at the boundary contact, but the values before and after the hiatus indicate that major oceanographic changes occurred at this time. 87Sr/88Sr increase by ∼0.000 200, δ13C values decrease by 1.5‰ to 2.2‰, and δ18O values decrease by ∼1.0‰ (planktics) to 0.5‰ (benthics) across the hiatus. Further, both 87Sr/88Sr ratios and δ18O values during the Albian are anomalously high. The 87Sr/88Sr values deviate from known patterns to such a degree that an explanation requires either the presence of inter‐basin differences in seawater 87Sr/88Sr during the Albian or revision of the seawater curve. For δ18O, planktic values in some Aptian samples likely reflect a diagenetic overprint, but preservation is excellent in the rest of the section. In well preserved material, benthic foraminiferal values are largely between 0.5 and 0.0‰ and planktic samples are largely between 0.0‰ to −1.0‰, with a brief excursion to −2.0‰ during OAE 1b. Using standard assumptions for Cretaceous isotopic paleotemperature calculations, the δ18O values suggest bottom water temperatures (at ∼1000 –1500 m) of 8–10°C and surface temperatures of 10–14°C, which are 4–6°C and 10–16°C cooler, respectively, than present‐day conditions at the same latitude. The cool subtropical sea surface temperature estimates are especially problematic because other paleoclimate proxy data for the mid‐Cretaceous and climate model predictions suggest that subtropical sea surface temperatures should have been the same as or warmer than at present. Because of their exquisite preservation, whole scale alteration of the analyzed foraminifera is an untenable explanation. Our proposed solution is a high evaporative fractionation factor in the early Albian North Atlantic that resulted in surface waters with higher δ18O values at elevated salinities than commonly cited in Cretaceous studies. A high fractionation factor is consistent with high rates of vapor export and a vigorous hydrological cycle and, like the Sr isotopes, implies limited connectivity among the individual basins of the Early Cretaceous proto‐Atlantic ocean.
Hydrogen production in photosynthetic microbial mats in the Elkhorn Slough estuary, Monterey Bay
Authors: Burow Luke C , Woebken Dagmar , Bebout Brad M , McMurdie Paul J , Singer Steven W , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Prufert-Bebout Leslie , Spormann Alfred M , Weber Peter K , Hoehler Tori M 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) release from photosynthetic microbial mats has contributed to the chemical evolution of Earth and could potentially be a source of renewable H2 in the future. However, the taxonomy of H2-producing microorganisms (hydrogenogens) in these mats has not been previously determined. With combined biogeochemical and molecular studies of microbial mats collected from Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California, we characterized the mechanisms of H2 production and identified a dominant hydrogenogen. Net production of H2 was observed within the upper photosynthetic layer (0–2 mm) of the mats under dark and anoxic conditions. Pyrosequencing of rRNA gene libraries generated from this layer demonstrated the presence of 64 phyla, with Bacteriodetes, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria dominating the sequences. Sequencing of rRNA transcripts obtained from this layer demonstrated that Cyanobacteria dominated rRNA transcript pyrotag libraries. An OTU affiliated to Microcoleus spp. was the most abundant OTU in both rRNA gene and transcript libraries. Depriving mats of sunlight resulted in an order of magnitude decrease in subsequent nighttime H2 production, suggesting that newly fixed carbon is critical to H2 production. Suppression of nitrogen (N2)-fixation in the mats did not suppress H2 production, which indicates that co-metabolic production of H2 during N2-fixation is not an important contributor to H2 production. Concomitant production of organic acids is consistent with fermentation of recently produced photosynthate as the dominant mode of H2 production. Analysis of rRNA % transcript:% gene ratios and H2-evolving bidirectional [NiFe] hydrogenase % transcript:% gene ratios indicated that Microcoelus spp. are dominant hydrogenogens in the Elkhorn Slough mats.
Cyanophage tRNAs may have a role in cross-infectivity of oceanic Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus hosts
Authors: Enav Hagay , Béjà Oded , Mandel-Gutfreund Yael 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Marine cyanobacteria of the genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are the most abundant photosynthetic prokaryotes in oceanic environments, and are key contributors to global CO2 fixation, chlorophyll biomass and primary production. Cyanophages, viruses infecting cyanobacteria, are a major force in the ecology of their hosts. These phages contribute greatly to cyanobacterial mortality, therefore acting as a powerful selective force upon their hosts. Phage reproduction is based on utilization of the host transcription and translation mechanisms; therefore, differences in the G+C genomic content between cyanophages and their hosts could be a limiting factor for the translation of cyanophage genes. On the basis of comprehensive genomic analyses conducted in this study, we suggest that cyanophages of the Myoviridae family, which can infect both Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, overcome this limitation by carrying additional sets of tRNAs in their genomes accommodating AT-rich codons. Whereas the tRNA genes are less needed when infecting their Prochlorococcus hosts, which possess a similar G+C content to the cyanophage, the additional tRNAs may increase the overall translational efficiency of their genes when infecting a Synechococcus host (with high G+C content), therefore potentially enabling the infection of multiple hosts.
Adiposity and Incident Heart Failure in Older Adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Djoussé Luc , Bartz Traci M. , Ix Joachim H. , Zieman Susan J. , Delaney Joseph A. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Gottdiener John S. , Siscovick David S. , Kizer Jorge R. 
Published: October 2011

While several studies have reported a positive association between overall adiposity and heart failure (HF) risk, limited and inconsistent data are available on the relation between central adiposity and incident HF in older adults. We sought to examine the association between waist circumference (WC) and incident HF and assess whether sex modifies the relation between WC and HF.Prospective study using data on 4,861 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (1989–2007). HF was adjudicated by a committee using information from medical records and medications. We used Cox proportional hazard models to compute hazard ratio (HR). The mean age was 73.0 years for men and 72.3 years for women; 42.5% were men and 15.3% were African Americans. WC was positively associated with an increased risk of HF: each standard deviation of WC was associated with a 14% increased risk of HF (95% CI: 3%–26%) in a multivariable model. There was not a statistically significant sex‐by‐WC interaction (P = 0.081). BMI was positively associated with incident HF (HR: 1.22 (95% CI: 1.15–1.29) per standard deviation increase of BMI); however, this association was attenuated and became nonstatistically significant upon additional adjustment for WC (HR: 1.09 (95% CI: 0.99–1.21)). In conclusion, a higher WC is associated with an increased risk of HF independent of BMI in community‐living older men and women.
Protein LidA from Legionella is a Rab GTPase supereffector
Authors: Schoebel Stefan , Cichy Adam L. , Goody Roger S. , Itzen Aymelt 
Published: October 2011

The causative agent of Legionnaires disease,
Legionella pneumophila
, injects several hundred proteins into the cell it infects, many of which interfere with or exploit vesicular transport processes. One of these proteins, LidA, has been described as a Rab effector (i.e., a molecule that interacts preferentially with the GTP-bound form of Rab). We describe here the structure and biochemistry of a complex between the Rab-binding domain of LidA and active Rab8a. LidA displays structural peculiarities in binding to Rab8a, forming a considerably extended interface in comparison to known mammalian Rab effectors, and involving regions of the GTPase that are not seen in other Rab:effector complexes. In keeping with this extended binding interface, which involves four α-helices and two pillar-like structures of LidA, the stability of LidA-Rab interactions is dramatically greater than for other such complexes. For Rab1b and Rab8a, these affinities are extraordinarily high, but for the more weakly bound Rab6a,
K
d
values of 4 nM for the inactive and 30 pM for the active form were found. Rab1b and Rab8a appear to bind LidA with
K
d
values in the low picomolar range, making LidA a Rab supereffector.
Molecular Characterization ofRht-1Dwarfing Genes in Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Pearce Stephen , Saville Robert , Vaughan Simon P. , Chandler Peter M. , Wilhelm Edward P. , Sparks Caroline A. , Al-Kaff Nadia , Korolev Andrey , Boulton Margaret I. , Phillips Andrew L. , Hedden Peter , Nicholson Paul , Thomas Stephen G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe introduction of the Reduced height (Rht)-B1b and Rht-D1b semidwarfing genes led to impressive increases in wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields during the Green Revolution. The reduction in stem elongation in varieties containing these alleles is caused by a limited response to the phytohormone gibberellin (GA), resulting in improved resistance to stem lodging and yield benefits through an increase in grain number. Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 encode DELLA proteins, which act to repress GA-responsive growth, and their mutant alleles Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b are thought to confer dwarfism by producing more active forms of these growth repressors. While no semidwarfing alleles of Rht-A1 have been identified, we show that this gene is expressed at comparable levels to the other homeologs and represents a potential target for producing novel dwarfing alleles. In this study, we have characterized additional dwarfing mutations in Rht-B1 and Rht-D1. We show that the severe dwarfism conferred by Rht-B1c is caused by an intragenic insertion, which results in an in-frame 90-bp insertion in the transcript and a predicted 30-amino acid insertion within the highly conserved amino-terminal DELLA domain. In contrast, the extreme dwarfism of Rht-D1c is due to overexpression of the semidwarfing Rht-D1b allele, caused by an increase in gene copy number. We show also that the semidwarfing alleles Rht-B1d and Rht-B1e introduce premature stop codons within the amino-terminal coding region. Yeast two-hybrid assays indicate that these newly characterized mutations in Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 confer “GA-insensitive” dwarfism by producing DELLA proteins that do not bind the GA receptor GA INSENSITIVE DWARF1, potentially compromising their targeted degradation.
Case of muscle abscess due to disseminated nocardiosis in a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and review of the published work
Authors: UKAI Yoshiko , FUJIMOTO Noriki , FUJII Norikazu , SHIRAI Masae , WAKABAYASHI Makiko , UENISHI Toshiaki , KOIZUMI Yusuke , HODOHARA Keiko , SHIMIZU Kaoru , TANAKA Toshihiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlthough disseminated nocardiosis has been increasing with the expansion of immunosuppressive therapy and improvement in diagnostic methods, muscle abscess is a rare complication. There have been only nine case reports of muscle abscess due to Nocardia infection in the English‐language published work. We present a case of muscle abscess with disseminated nocardiosis, and review the published work. The patient had been taking prednisolone at 20 mg a day for autoimmune hemolytic anemia for 14 years. She presented with erythema on her thigh resembling cellulitis. Computed tomography showed muscle abscess. The isolated organism was identified as Nocardia farcinica employing polymerase chain reaction and antibiotic sensitivity testing. The diagnosis of muscle abscess due to nocardiosis can be easily missed because there are no characteristic symptoms.
Are geothermal streams important sites of nutrient uptake in an agricultural and urbanising landscape (Rotorua, New Zealand)?
Authors: HOELLEIN TIMOTHY J. , BRUESEWITZ DENISE A. , HAMILTON DAVID P. 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. Lakes in the Rotorua region of New Zealand are affected by eutrophication from urbanisation and agricultural land use. Some lake tributaries contain geothermally influenced waters, and it is currently unknown whether geothermal tributaries are active sites of nutrient cycling or represent point sources of nutrients to the lakes.2. Using government data sets, we characterised the physicochemical conditions of geothermal and non‐geothermal streams. We then measured ecosystem metabolism and reach‐scale uptake of nitrate (), ammonium () and phosphate () in summer 2010 (n = 8 streams). Finally, we used government data to compare annual nutrient flux from geothermal and non‐geothermal surface water inputs to Lake Rotoiti.3. As expected, geothermal streams had higher temperature, conductivity and nutrient concentrations and lower pH. However, primary production, community respiration and uptake rates in geothermal streams were not different from those in their non‐geothermal counterparts. Uptake rates of were higher in geothermal streams, and uptake was below detection in geothermal streams, probably due to the saturation by naturally high concentrations.4. A comparison of Lake Rotoiti inputs suggested that geothermal streams are not significant sources of and , while geothermal inputs of represent an average of 46% of total flux from Lake Rotoiti tributaries.5. Despite their high temperature and low pH, geothermal streams are active sites of photosynthesis, respiration and and cycling, indicating dynamic biofilm communities.6. Management options for geothermal streams, if any, should focus on retention (e.g. uptake or coupled nitrification and denitrification) but could prove challenging given the persistent, naturally occurring high flux.
The Anopheles gambiae alpha‐tubulin‐1b promoter directs neuronal, testes and developing imaginal tissue specific expression and is a sensitive enhancer detector
Authors: Lycett G. J. , Amenya D. , Lynd A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA knowledge gap in mosquito functional genetic analysis is the dearth of characterized regulatory regions that can target tissue specific transgene expression. To broaden the tools available, a promoter region of the Anopheles gambiaeα‐tubulin1b gene has been assayed following fusion to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene and stable transformation of An. gambiae. In eight transgenic lines, the Angtub α1b regulatory region directed a core profile of tissue specific expression in the head, chordotonal organs, ventral nerve cord and testes. This profile overlaps those seen for α2‐tubulin expression in Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori. In addition, widespread position dependant expression was observed in other specific tissues that were unique to each line. For example, in different lines, expression was observed in larval and adult muscles, fatbody, cuticle and midgut secretory cells. The majority of genomic transgene insertions were mapped to within 10 kb of a gene, suggesting that the Angtub α1b basal promoter is particularly sensitive to enhancers and may be suitable to form the basis of a sensitive enhancer trapping construct, in combination with a binary expression system such as Gal4‐UAS.
Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their neonates in spring time in western Turkey
Authors: Halicioglu Oya , Aksit Sadik , Koc Feyza , Akman Sezin A. , Albudak Esin , Yaprak Isin , Coker Isil , Colak Ayfer , Ozturk Can , Gulec Ebru S. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryHalicioglu O, Aksit S, Koc F, Akman SA, Albudak E, Yaprak I, Coker I, Colak A, Ozturk C, Gulec ES. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their neonates in spring time in western Turkey. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2012; 26: 53–60.Although Turkey is located in a sunny region, vitamin D deficiency is still a serious health problem in pregnant women and their infants, especially among the low socio‐economic status Turkish population. This study was carried out in order to measure serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] concentrations of the pregnant women in the last trimester and in their neonates at delivery and to determine the factors associated with maternal serum 25(OH)D concentrations.Among the patients visiting the Ege Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in the period March to May 2008, 258 healthy pregnant women ≥37 weeks of gestation were included in this study. The information on different characteristics such as the number of pregnancies and births, nutritional status, vitamin and mineral support during gestation, educational status, clothing style and the economic level of the family was collected from women. Blood samples from the mothers and umbilical cord of the newborns were taken to measure 25(OH)D. The mean 25(OH)D concentrations of the mothers and their infants were 11.5 ± 5.4 ng/mL and 11.5 ± 6.8 ng/mL, respectively. We found a strong positive correlation between maternal serum and umbilical cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations (r = 0.651, P < 0.001). The concentration of 25(OH)D was ≤20 ng/mL in 233 mothers (90.3%) and ≤10 ng/mL in 130 mothers (50.4%). Maternal serum 25(OH)D concentrations related strongly to factors such as uncovered dressing style, sufficient consumption of dairy products and multivitamin use during gestation (P < 0.05). About half (52.7%) of these women had a covered dressing style. 25(OH)D concentrations of these covered dressing mothers and their infants were 9.7 ± 5.1 ng/mL and 9.7 ± 5.6 ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower compared with those of uncovered mothers and their babies (P < 0.001).This study showed that, despite a sunny environment, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent among the mothers and their neonates. This is generally due to the life style and nutritional status of the mothers. These findings suggest that much more effective vitamin D prophylaxis programmes should be implemented for pregnant women as well as for their babies.
Parent–offspring correlation estimate of heritability for late blight resistance conferred by an accession of the tomato wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium
Authors: Merk Heather L. , Foolad Majid R. 
Published: October 2011

With 3 figures and 1 tableAbstractLate blight (LB), caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a destructive disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). To gain adequate control of LB in tomato, new sources of resistance are being identified and characterized with the aim of introducing resistance genes to elite tomato germplasm. In this study, heritability (h2) of LB resistance conferred by a S. pimpinellifolium resistant accession (PI 270443) was estimated using populations developed from crosses with a LB‐susceptible tomato breeding line. In the F2 population, 986 seedlings were evaluated for LB, and 50 resistant and 40 susceptible individuals were selected and self‐pollinated to generate F3 progeny. Seedlings of the F3 progeny were evaluated for LB in two separate experiments. Using parent–offspring correlation analysis, h2 of LB resistance was estimated to be 0.86, indicating that this resistance was highly heritable and could be transferred to the cultivated tomato via phenotypic selection. The number of resistance genes involved was estimated to be two. Breeding efforts to transfer this resistance to elite tomato lines and genetic mapping to identify the underlying resistance genes are underway.
Noisy clocks and silent sunrises: measurement methods of daily activity pattern
Authors: Nouvellet P. , Rasmussen G. S. A. , Macdonald D. W. , Courchamp F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFrom insects to mammals, many animals engage in behaviours known to follow cyclic patterns over days (e.g. singing, diving or foraging behaviours). Many of them are regulated by external factors, such as light intensity, and are thus associated with sunrise, sunset or zenith. However, these astronomical events do not occur at the same time everyday: they vary with both the time of the year and the latitude. Logically, therefore, behaviour timing should be recorded relative to these events. Yet, in the field, recording the timing of behaviour is much less difficult with a clock, which is often deemed a suitable common proxy. In this paper, we assess the potential methodological problems associated with analyzing behaviours on the basis of clock time rather than with the actual position of the sun. To demonstrate the important difference between these methods of analysis, we first simulated a behaviour set at sunrise and compared the time of occurrence with the two methods. We then used a dataset, based on a long‐term monitoring of hunting behaviour of African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus, to reveal how using clock time can result in erroneous assumptions about behaviour. Finally, we investigated the occurrence of sun time records in published field studies. As a majority of them did not take into account the relevance of astronomical events, it is probable that many result in faulty behavioural timings. The model presented can change clock‐recorded time into actual deviation from astronomical events to assist current protocols as well as correct the already recorded datasets.
Analyzing Speech to Detect Financial Misreporting
Authors: HOBSON JESSEN L. , MAYEW WILLIAM J. , VENKATACHALAM MOHAN 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe examine whether vocal markers of cognitive dissonance are useful for detecting financial misreporting. We use speech samples of CEOs during earnings conference calls, and generate vocal dissonance markers using automated vocal emotion analysis software. We begin by assessing construct validity for the software‐generated dissonance markers by correlating them with four dissonance‐from‐misreporting proxies obtained in a laboratory setting. We find a positive association between these proxies and vocal dissonance markers generated by the software, suggesting the software's dissonance markers have construct validity. Applying the software to CEO speech, we find that vocal dissonance markers are positively associated with the likelihood of irregularity restatements. The diagnostic accuracy levels are 11% better than chance and of similar magnitude to models based solely on financial accounting information. Moreover, the association between vocal dissonance markers and irregularity restatements holds even after controlling for financial accounting and linguistic‐based predictors. Our results provide new evidence on the role of vocal cues in detecting financial misreporting.
Biography, the Criticism of Biography, and Comparative Literature
Authors: Aldridge Alfred Owen 
Published: October 2011

Kendall, Paul Murray. The Art of Biography. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1965.Altick, Richard D. Lives and Letters: A History of Literary Biography in England and America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.Davenport, William H. and Ben Siegel (editors). Biography Past and Present. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1965.