bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol pricing – could it improve men's health?
Authors: Coltart Cordelia E.M. , Gilmore Ian T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe authors give an overview of the rationale for using alcohol pricing as a public health tool. They outline the background to government alcohol strategies, review recent moves by the government to acknowledge the problem, and contrast their proposed policy to the evidence base that underpins the advice of health professionals advocating for an urgent minimum pricing policy for alcohol. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Erratum: Management of nocturia
Authors: Khan Faisal Rauf , Younis Ayman , Alosta Ahmed , Khan Shahid A.A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the article on management of nocturia (Sep/Oct 2011;2(5):35–7), the doses of desmopressin given on page 36 were incorrect. The following statements are correct: treatment with desmopressin should be initiated at a dose of 50–100 micrograms orally, with a weekly dose escalation to a maximum of 400 micrograms; the intranasal formulation provides 10 micrograms/spray, and can be used up to a maximum dose of 40 micrograms/day. We apologise to readers for this error.
Mechanised support for sound refinement tactics
Authors: Zeyda Frank , Oliveira Marcel , Cavalcanti Ana 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

ArcAngel is a tactic language devised to facilitate and automate program developments using Morgan’s refinement calculus. It is especially well suited for the specification of high-level refinement strategies, and equipped with a formal semantics that additionally permits reasoning about tactics. In this paper, we present an implementation of ArcAngel for the ProofPower theorem prover. We discuss the underlying design, explain how it implements the semantics of ArcAngel, and examine the interplay between ArcAngel tactics and the native reasoning support of the prover. We also discuss several extensions of ArcAngel that have been entailed by our implementation effort. They are of practical importance and provide a unification of the related tactic languages Angel and ArcAngel
C
. Our main result is a mechanisation that reflects directly the ArcAngel semantics, and can be used with any programming model for refinement. The approach can be used to support other formal tactic languages using other theorem provers.
Streptomyces temperate bacteriophage integration systems for stable genetic engineering of actinomycetes (and other organisms)
Authors: Baltz Richard H 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
ϕC31, ϕBT1, R4, and TG1 are temperate bacteriophages with broad host specificity for species of the genus Streptomyces. They form lysogens by integrating site-specifically into diverse attB sites located within individual structural genes that map to the conserved core region of streptomycete linear chromosomes. The target genes containing the ϕC31, ϕBT1, R4, and TG1 attB sites encode a pirin-like protein, an integral membrane protein, an acyl-CoA synthetase, and an aminotransferase, respectively. These genes are highly conserved within the genus Streptomyces, and somewhat conserved within other actinomycetes. In each case, integration is mediated by a large serine recombinase that catalyzes unidirectional recombination between the bacteriophage attP and chromosomal attB sites. The unidirectional nature of the integration mechanism has been exploited in genetic engineering to produce stable recombinants of streptomycetes, other actinomycetes, eucaryotes, and archaea. The ϕC31 attachment/integration (Att/Int) system has been the most widely used, and it has been coupled with the ϕBT1 Att/Int system to facilitate combinatorial biosynthesis of novel lipopeptide antibiotics in Streptomyces fradiae.
Anterior Elongation as a Minimally Invasive Alternative for Sagittal Imbalance—A Case Series
Authors: Marchi Luis , Oliveira Leonardo , Amaral Rodrigo , Castro Carlos , Coutinho Thiago , Coutinho Etevaldo , Pimenta Luiz 
Published: December 2011

Background Degenerative and iatrogenic conditions may lead to flat back or even to kyphotic deformity, and sagittal imbalance can cause significant clinical impairment. Minor imbalance cases are usually treated with conservative care. Among currently popular surgical techniques for the correction of sagittal imbalance are posterior-based procedures, which are associated with access-related risks (mostly neurological) and postoperative morbidity risks. Purpose This study aims to report a minimally invasive lateral approach using hyperlordotic cages in the treatment of mild sagittal imbalance. Radiological correction, clinical improvement, and safety will be analyzed. Methods Eight patients (mean age 71.8 years, SD 7.8; mean BMI 27.5, SD 2.3) with symptomatic sagittal imbalance were retrospectively reviewed. Eight cases were treated by anterior interbody fusion with lordotic cages. A minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal approach was used in the surgical procedures, with or without percutaneous pedicle screw supplementation. Results No major complications occurred and just one case needed revision for direct decompression. Clinical outcomes Visual Analog Scale score changed from 88 at preoperative visit to 51 at 1-week visit, and Oswestry Disability Index score decreased from 82 at preoperative visit to 44 at 6-week visit. The 6-month radiological assessment revealed improvement in spinopelvic parameters: Focal lordosis improved from 2.3° ± 7.7 to 27.1° ± 6.7. Sagittal vertical alignment improved from 11.7 ± 5.3 to 6.2 ± 4.0 cm. Preoperative sacral slope improved from 20.1° ± 5.8 to 29.4° ± 10.3 and preoperative pelvic tilt improved from 35.2° ± 5.2 to 23.8° ± 4.3. Short-term results indicate that the minimally invasive lateral approach can be applied to the treatment of mild sagittal imbalance, with special advantage in elderly patients or those in which posterior approaches are relatively contraindicated.
Axial Lumbosacral Interbody Fusion Appears Safe as a Method to Obtain Lumbosacral Arthrodesis Distal to Long Fusion Constructs
Authors: Issack Paul S. , Boachie-Adjei Oheneba 
Published: December 2011

Background Current methods to achieve lumbosacral interbody fusion have been complicated by approach-related morbidity, nerve root or cauda equina injury, or difficulty in implanting a large lordotic graft posteriorly. There is little information in the literature evaluating the presacral axial approach to the lumbosacral disc space. Questions/Purposes What are the short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients undergoing axial lumbosacral interbody fixation and fusion at the end of long fusion constructs using the AxiaLIF implant (Trans1 Inc., Wilmington, NC, USA)? Furthermore, what complications are associated with this procedure? Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective evaluation of nine patients who underwent presacral axial lumbosacral interbody fixation and fusion at the end of long fusion constructs using the AxiaLIF implant. Preoperative diagnoses included adjacent segment degeneration below a long fusion construct for adult scoliosis and progressive sagittal plane deformity. Results There were two pseudoarthroses, one at L4–5 and one at L5–S1. No major complications occurred. There were no significant differences in coronal or sagittal plane alignment at the time periods measured. There was no significant difference in implant position between immediate postoperative and final follow-up periods. There were significant postoperative improvements in Scoliosis Research Society-22 scores, specifically in the pain, self-image, and satisfaction with management domains. Conclusions The axial lumbosacral interbody fusion is a minimally invasive and safe method to obtain lumbosacral fixation and arthrodesis distal to a long fusion construct. Longer follow-up of larger numbers of patients are needed prior to recommending this procedure as a routine method to fuse L4–5 or L5–S1.
Recovery and Functional Properties of Soy Storage Proteins from Lab‐ and Pilot‐Plant Scale Oleosome Production
Authors: Kapchie Virginie N. , Towa Lili T. , Hauck Catherine C. , Murphy Patricia A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate soy protein recovery feasibility after lab‐ and pilot‐plant scale oleosome isolation. The proteins were isolated by isoelectric precipitation and by ultrafiltration. The functional properties of the recovered proteins were compared to soy protein isolate produced in our laboratory. The residual lipid content in the aqueous supernatant affected the protein recovery yields and purities. Ethanol precipitation and ultrafiltration resulted in the best protein yields, which were 25 and 26% greater than protein yield obtained by isoelectric precipitation with distilled water dilution. The protein content of the isoelectric precipitated pilot‐plant supernatant was higher (98%) than the protein content of ethanol‐precipitated proteins (80%). Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed similar peptide profiles for laboratory and pilot‐plant supernatants. Protein solubility curves between pH 3 and 8 were typical for soy protein isolate with higher solubilities for proteins obtained from pilot‐plant supernatant. The soy protein isolate and ethanol‐precipitated protein had the highest emulsification capacity on a dry‐weight basis. These desirable functional properties of proteins recovered as co‐products after oleosome isolation suggest they are highly suitable for industrial application as food ingredients and their recovery would contribute to the economics of the overall oleosome fractionation process.
Polkörperdiagnostik
Authors: Montag M. , Toth B. , Strowitzki T. 
Published: December 2011

Zusammenfassung
Das derzeitige Haupteinsatzgebiet der Polkörperdiagnostik (PKD) ist die Untersuchung von strukturellen und numerischen Chromosomenaberrationen in Eizellen nach In-vitro-Fertilisation (IVF) oder intrazytoplasmatischer Spermieninjektion (ICSI). Nach der mechanischen oder laserassistierten Biopsie des 1. und 2. Polkörpers gelingt die Darstellung struktureller und/oder numerischer Fehlverteilungen aller Chromosomen durch die komparative genomische Hybridisierung (CGH) mit Arrays. Die methodischen Besonderheiten und die technischen Anforderungen der Array-CGH-basierten PKD sind evaluiert. Optimierte Protokolle stehen für den Einsatz in der klinischen Routine zur Verfügung. Der Vorteil der PKD für die Detektion struktureller Chromosomenaberrationen ist offensichtlich. Unbeantwortet ist hingegen immer noch die Frage nach einem Vorteil des genetischen Screenings vor der Implantation („preimplantation genetic screening“, PGS). Hierzu wurde eine multizentrische Studie auf der Basis von PKD und Array-CGH auf den Weg gebracht.
Pränatale Detektion fetaler chromosomaler Aberrationen im 1. und 2. Trimenon
Authors: Krapp M. , Ludwig A. 
Published: December 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die modernen nichtinvasiven Verfahren der pränatalen Medizin, vertreten vor allem durch das Ersttrimesterscreening, ermöglichen eine frühe Risikoeinschätzung bzgl. der häufigsten Aneuploidien. Durch die flächendeckende Anwendung dieser Methode mit derzeit weit über 4000 zertifizierten Gynäkologen bundesweit stellt dies heute einen weit verbreiteten Standard dar. Die klassische „genetische“ Sonographie, d. h. die Detektierung von Softmarkern als Hinweiszeichen für eine Aneuploidie im 2. Trimenon, hat an Bedeutung verloren. Allerdings ist der Fehlbildungsultraschall im 2. Trimenon nach wie vor von sehr großer Bedeutung und stellt den „Goldstandard“ für die Entdeckung angeborener Fehlbildungen dar. Der Pränatalmediziner muss in der Lage sein, während dieser Untersuchung Softmarker zu erkennen, um ggf. eine Reevalution des mütterlichen Risikos bzgl. Aneuploidien vorzunehmen.
Another look at the middleware for dependable distributed computing
Authors: Little Mark , Shrivastava Santosh , Wheater Stuart 
Published: December 2011

AbstractKey concepts of reliable distributed computing developed during the 1980s and 1990s (e.g., transactions, replication) influenced the standards based middleware such as CORBA and Java EE. This middleware has evolved steadily over the years with message passing facilities to support construction of loosely coupled systems. However, the way networked computing is being used for business and social uses is undergoing rapid changes as new ways of constructing distributed execution environments from varieties of resources, ranging from computational, storage, network to application level services, provided by globally distributed service providers are emerging. In light of these developments, the paper examines what core concepts, components, and techniques that will be required in the next-generation middleware for dependable distributed computing. The paper puts forward the case for five topics for further research: better coordination facilities for loosely coupled systems, restructuring of the middleware stack for supporting multi-tenancy, replication in the large, negotiation, and enforcement of service agreements, and accountability.
Brief report: Do peer relationships matter to Vietnamese adolescents’ and young adults’ development of identity? Towards a working theory of identity development in a changing culture
Authors: Nguyen Huong , Cohen Edward , Hines Alice 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, using data from the first nationally representative, cross‐sectional survey of more than 7000 Vietnamese adolescents, we explore how peers, compared to family, matter to Vietnamese adolescents’ development of their independent identity as an adult. We use future hopes and aspirations as proxies for identity development, arguing that an individual’s development of future hopes and aspirations is a correlate to the emergence of an independent identity. Our analyses show that peers have a positive and consistent influence on adolescents’ hopes to have a happy family, good job, good income, and opportunities to do what they want. Regarding career and economic aspirations, the importance of peer relationships appears to have dropped away. It may be that when youth consider their realistic economic alternatives, the role of peers that was important for identity development in adolescence gives way to pragmatism about the attainment of a career identity.
Opportunities for developing the science of operations and supply‐chain management
Authors: Singhal Kalyan , Singhal Jaya 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn a separate paper (Singhal and Singhal, 2011b), we identified two sets of opportunities for radical innovations in operations and supply‐chain management (O&SCM): pursuing all phases of science and pursuing multiple perspectives. In this paper, we propose and analyze ways to accomplish this task. A network of research teams can be effective in obtaining multiple perspectives and discovering radical innovation if it conducts intensive research over an extended period. Outliers are a source of multiple perspectives and innovative ideas and can help in identifying and addressing risks. Similarly, meta‐analyses and syntheses of published works can provide multiple perspectives and lead to radical innovations.
Effects of different biomaterials: Comparing the bladder smooth muscle cells on waterborne polyurethane or poly‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid membranes
Authors: Xu Feng , Wang Yan , Jiang Xia , Tan Hong , Li Hong , Wang Kun‐Jie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTissue engineering materials have often been used to repair bladder damage caused by conditions, such as infection, resection, inflammation, and trauma. However, the concept of generating a functional urinary bladder using autologous cells obtained from a biopsy specimen combined with a biomaterial scaffold remains a challenge. Previously, we presented a new method for synthesizing a biocompatible, mechanically sound, nontoxic, and cross‐linked waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) as a potential material for bladder regeneration. Here, we further evaluated the response of bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) seeded on WBPU membranes in comparison with the gold standard biomaterial, poly‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid. Specifically, we observed the BSMC attachment, proliferation, and α‐actin distribution at 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days after membrane seeding. We found that significantly more cells attached and proliferated on the WBPU membranes after 3 days and 5 days of culture, and the cells exhibited greater organization and a wider distribution of α‐actin compared with BSMCs cultured on poly‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid membranes. These preliminary data offer promise for the use of WBPU biomaterials in bladder tissue engineering.
Steady motion of Bingham liquid plugs in two-dimensional channels
Authors: Zamankhan Parsa , Helenbrook Brian T. , Takayama Shuichi , Grotberg James B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe study numerically the steady creeping motion of Bingham liquid plugs in two-dimensional channels as a model of mucus behaviour during airway reopening in pulmonary airways. In addition to flow analysis related to propagation of the plug, the stress distribution on the wall is studied for better understanding of potential airway epithelial cell injury mechanisms. The yield stress behaviour of the fluid was implemented through a regularized constitutive equation. The capillary number, $\mathit{Ca}$, and the Bingham number, $\mathit{Bn}$, which is the ratio of the yield stress to a characteristic viscous stress, varied over the ranges 0.025–0.1 and 0–1.5, respectively. For the range of parameters studied, it was found that, while the yield stress reduces the magnitude of the shearing along the wall, it can magnify the amplitude of the wall shear stress gradient significantly, and also it can elevate the magnitude of the wall shear stress and wall pressure gradient up to 30 % and 15 %, respectively. Therefore, the motion of mucus plugs can be more damaging to the airway epithelial cells due to the yield stress properties of mucus. The yield stress also modifies the profile of the plug where the amplitude of the capillary waves at the leading meniscus decreases with increase in $\mathit{Bn}$. Other findings are that: the thickness of the static film increases with increasing $\mathit{Bn}$; the driving pressure difference increases linearly with $\mathit{Bn}$; and increasing $\mathit{Bn}$ extends any wall stagnation point beneath the leading meniscus to an unyielded line segment beneath the leading meniscus. With an increase in $\mathit{Bn}$, the unyielded areas appear and grow in the adjacent wall film as well as the core region of the plug between the two menisci. The plug length, ${L}_{P} $, mostly modifies the topology of the yield surfaces. It was found that the unyielded area in the core region between the two menisci grows as the plug length decreases. The very short Bingham plug behaves like a solid lamella. In all computed liquid plugs moving steadily, the von Mises stress attains its maximum value near the interface of the leading meniscus in the transition region. For Bingham plugs moving very slowly, $\mathit{Ca}\ensuremath{\rightarrow} 0$, the driving pressure is non-zero.
SOME REMARKS ON THE RIEMANN ZETA FUNCTION AND PRIME FACTORS OF NUMERATORS OF BERNOULLI NUMBERS
Authors: LUCA FLORIAN , PIZARRO-MADARIAGA AMALIA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe prove that the sequence {log ζ(n)}n≥2 is not holonomic, that is, does not satisfy a finite recurrence relation with polynomial coefficients. A similar result holds for L-functions. We then prove a result concerning the number of distinct prime factors of the sequence of numerators of even indexed Bernoulli numbers.
A soyabean diet does not modify the activity of brown adipose tissue but alters the rate of lipolysis in the retroperitoneal white adipose tissue of male rats recovering from early-life malnutrition
Authors: Paiva Adriene Alexandra , Faiad Jaline Zandonato , Taki Marina Satie , de Lima Reis Silvia Regina , de Souza Letícia Martins Ignácio , dos Santos Maísa Pavani , Chaves Valéria Ernestânia , Kawashita Nair Honda , de Oliveira Helena Coutinho Franco , Raposo Helena Fonseca , Carneiro Everardo Magalhães , Latorraca Márcia Queiroz , Gomes-da-Silva Maria Helena Gaíva , Martins Maria Salete Ferreira 
Published: December 2011

Nutritional recovery with a soyabean diet decreases body and fat weights when compared with a casein diet. We investigated whether the reduced adiposity observed in rats recovering from early-life malnutrition with a soyabean diet results from alterations in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Male rats from mothers fed either 17 or 6 % protein during pregnancy and lactation were maintained on 17 % casein (CC and LC groups), 17 % soyabean (CS and LS groups) or 6 % casein (LL group) diets over 60 d. The rats maintained on a soyabean diet had similar relative food intakes, but lower body and retroperitoneal WAT weights and a reduced lipid content in the retroperitoneal WAT. The insulin levels were lower in the recovered rats and were elevated in those fed a soyabean diet. Serum T3 concentration and uncoupling protein 1 content in the BAT were decreased in the recovered rats. The thermogenic capacity of the BAT was not affected by the soyabean diet. The lipogenesis rate in the retroperitoneal WAT was similar in all of the groups except for the LL group, which had exacerbated lipogenesis. The enhancement of the lipolysis rate by isoproterenol was decreased in white adipocytes from the soyabean-recovered rats and was elevated in adipocytes from the soyabean-control rats. Thus, in animals maintained on a soyabean diet, the proportions of fat deposits are determined by the lipolysis rate, which differs depending on the previous nutritional status.
The effects of a cafeteria diet on insulin production and clearance in rats
Authors: Castell-Auví Anna , Cedó Lídia , Pallarès Victor , Blay Mayte , Ardévol Anna , Pinent Montserrat 
Published: December 2011

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of a cafeteria diet on the function and apoptosis of the pancreas, and the activity and expression of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). Female Wistar rats were fed either with a cafeteria diet or a control diet for 17 weeks, and blood and tissues were then collected for analysis. The cafeteria diet-treated rats had higher plasma insulin and C-peptide levels (P < 0·05), showing increased insulin secretion by the pancreas. Insulin protein and gene expression levels were higher in the pancreas of obese rats, as was its transcriptional controller, pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (P < 0·05). Feeding a cafeteria diet down-regulated the gene expression of the anti-apoptotic marker B-cell/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), and up-regulated the protein levels of BCL2-associated X protein, a pro-apoptotic marker (P < 0·05). The cafeteria diet caused lipid accumulation in the pancreas and modified the expression of key genes that control lipid metabolism. To assay whether insulin clearance was also modified, we checked the activity of the IDE, one of the enzymes responsible for insulin clearance. We found increased liver IDE activity (P < 0·05) in the cafeteria diet-fed animals, which could, in part, be due to an up-regulation of its gene expression. Conversely, IDE gene expression was unmodified in the kidney and adipose tissue; although when the adipose tissue weight was considered, the insulin clearance potential was higher in the cafeteria diet-treated rats. In conclusion, treatment with a cafeteria diet for 17 weeks in rats mimicked a pre-diabetic state, with ectopic lipid accumulation in the pancreas, and increased the IDE-mediated insulin clearance capability.