bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DC assisted electric field on the improvement of the nonlinear electrical conductivity of SiC/LDPE field grading composites
Authors: Han Yongsen , Chen Jie , Yin Hang , Wang Xinyu , Zheng Huan , Sun Yunlong , Li Zhonghua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nonlinear resistive field grading material presents nonlinear electrical conductivity, and self-homogenizes the electric field distribution. The nonlinear conductivity is closely associated to the filler distribution, which can be modulated by the electric field assist during the material preparation. In this paper, the effects of the direct current (DC) electric field assist on the filler distribution and nonlinear conductivity of the nonlinear resistive field grading materials were studied for the first time. The silicon carbide (SiC)/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were prepared under different DC assisted electric field. The composites’ microstructure, dielectric spectra and DC conductivity were characterized, respectively. Results illustrate that the DC electric field assist leads to the gradient distribution of SiC filler in the matrix, and also contributes to the SiC particles’ chains. Compared with the untreated SiC/LDPE composite, the electric-field assisted composites show more distinct nonlinear conductivity characteristics when the DC assisted electric field exceeds 0.3 kV mm−1, which is attributed to the percolation phenomenon of SiC particles. This work is helpful to design the dielectric functionally graded materials, and to self-homogenize the electric field distribution in power apparatus and electronic devices.
Full-colour-sorting metalens based on guided mode resonance
Authors: Cheng Kaixiang , Huang Xinya , Zhu Qianyu , Wang Xiaosai , Liu Yi , Han Yanhua , Li Yan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Full-colour-sorting metalens using few nanostructured layers have recently generated considerable interest as high-sensitivity colour image sensors because of their reliability and high resolution. Based on the guided mode resonance principle and propagation phase modulation, a full-colour-sorting metalens is designed, which can theoretically obtain any wavelength of light from the incident white light and realize arbitrary wavelength focusing with the same focal length in the visible range. Without the loss of generality, we propose a prototype of such metalens used for sorting blue, green and red light from the visible spectrum commonly used in practical applications. The maximum focussing efficiency is over 50% with a relatively high numerical aperture of 0.7. The proposed full-colour-sorting metalens can be used in many applications, such as colour mixing, colour holography, colour filtering, wavelength division multiplexing and so on.
Mechanism-driven improved SVMD: an indirect approach for rail corrugation detection using axle box acceleration
Authors: Liu Peishan , Yang Jianwei , Liu Changdong , Zhao Yue , Hu Zhongshuo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Addressing the challenge of the current inability to qualitatively identify rail corrugation damage accurately from axle box acceleration data, this study proposes a novel approach. To indirectly identify rail corrugation from axle box acceleration, we introduce an improved successive variational mode decomposition (SVMD) algorithm, coupled with a deep learning model for corrugation recognition. First, a numerical model of the vehicle-rail-track slab system is established, considering rail corrugation. Indicator analysis is integrated into the SVMD. The improved SVMD is employed to decompose and reconstruct axle box acceleration, achieving noise reduction and extraction of useful components. Next, we apply the fast Continuous Wavelet Transform analysis method to effectively transform one-dimensional data into two-dimensional images. Finally, the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model serves as a classifier for the classification and recognition of corrugation with different wavelengths. The results demonstrate that the mechanism-driven improved SVMD effectively extracts corrugation components from axle box acceleration, while the YOLO model achieves rapid and efficient identification and classification of corrugation with different wavelengths. The results show that compared with other traditional models, the training time of the YOLO model is 60%–90% of the training time of the traditional algorithm, and the Recall rate is 1.15–1.45 times that of the traditional algorithm. In terms of wavelength identification, the YOLO model has a recognition rate of 98% for different wavelengths. The proposed approach offers an innovative and efficient solution for identifying rail corrugation damage in axle box acceleration data.
Uniform large-area surface patterning achieved by metal dewetting for the top-down fabrication of GaN nanowire ensembles
Authors: Kang Jingxuan , Jose Rose-Mary , Oliva Miriam , Auzelle Thomas , Ruiz Mikel Gómez , Tahraoui Abbes , Lähnemann Jonas , Brandt Oliver , Geelhaar Lutz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The dewetting of thin Pt films on different surfaces is investigated as a means to provide the patterning for the top-down fabrication of GaN nanowire ensembles. The transformation from a thin film to an ensemble of nanoislands upon annealing proceeds in good agreement with the void growth model. With increasing annealing duration, the size and shape uniformity of the nanoislands improves. This improvement speeds up for higher annealing temperature. After an optimum annealing duration, the size uniformity deteriorates due to the coalescence of neighboring islands. By changing the Pt film thickness, the nanoisland diameter and density can be quantitatively controlled in a way predicted by a simple thermodynamic model. We demonstrate the uniformity of the nanoisland ensembles for an area larger than 1 cm2. GaN nanowires are fabricated by a sequence of dry and wet etching steps, and these nanowires inherit the diameters and density of the Pt nanoisland ensemble used as a mask. Our study achieves advancements in size uniformity and range of obtainable diameters compared to previous works. This simple, economical, and scalable approach to the top-down fabrication of nanowires is useful for applications requiring large and uniform nanowire ensembles with controllable dimensions.
In2O3/ZnO heterojunction thin film transistor for high recognition accuracy neuromorphic computing and optoelectronic artificial synapses
Authors: Sun Shangheng , Zhang Minghao , Bian Jing , Xu Ting , Su Jie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Solid electrolyte-gated transistors exhibit improved chemical stability and can fulfill the requirements of microelectronic packaging. Typically, metal oxide semiconductors are employed as channel materials. However, the extrinsic electron transport properties of these oxides, which are often prone to defects, pose limitations on the overall electrical performance. Achieving excellent repeatability and stability of transistors through the solution process remains a challenging task. In this study, we propose the utilization of a solution-based method to fabricate an In2O3/ZnO heterojunction structure, enabling the development of efficient multifunctional optoelectronic devices. The heterojunction’s upper and lower interfaces induce energy band bending, resulting in the accumulation of a large number of electrons and a significant enhancement in transistor mobility. To mimic synaptic plasticity responses to electrical and optical stimuli, we utilize Li+-doped high-k ZrO
x
thin films as a solid electrolyte in the device. Notably, the heterojunction transistor-based convolutional neural network achieves a high accuracy rate of 93% in recognizing handwritten digits. Moreover, our research involves the simulation of a typical sensory neuron, specifically a nociceptor, within our synaptic transistor. This research offers a novel avenue for the advancement of cost-effective three-terminal thin-film transistors tailored for neuromorphic applications.
Effect of electrical stress on time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) tolerate capability of HfO2–ZrO2 ferroelectric films with different thicknesses
Authors: Peng Yue , Wang Zhe , Wu Qiuxia , Zhang Shuo , Ma Wenxuan , Xiao WenWu , Zhang Chunfu , Hao Yue 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
HfO2-based ferroelectric materials as the most promising candidate for the ferroelectric memories, have been widely studied for more than a decade due to their excellent ferroelectric properties and CMOS compatibility. In order to realize its industrialization as soon as possible, researchers have been devoted to improving the reliability performance, such as wake up, imprint, limited endurance, et al. Among them, the breakdown characteristic is one of main failure mechanisms of HfO2-based ferroelectric devices, which limits the write/read reliability of the devices. Based on this, we systematically studied the effect of thickness on the time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) tolerate capability of HfO2–ZrO2 (HZO) FE films under both forward and reverse electrical stress conditions. The thickness of HZO FE film ranged from 6 to 20 nm. Our findings reveal that decreasing the thickness of the HZO FE film leads to an improvement in TDDB tolerance capability which is attributed to the fact that higher density of oxygen vacancies in thinner HZO FE films can effectively inhibit the generation of new oxygen vacancies and the growth of conductive filaments, thus effectively improving the TDDB characteristics. These results provide a potential solution for mitigating breakdown characteristics of HfO2-based ferroelectric devices in memory applications.
Comparing novel small-angle x-ray scattering approaches for absolute size and number concentration measurements of spherical SiO2 particles to established methods
Authors: Schürmann Robin , Gaál Anikó , Sikora Aneta , Ojeda David , Bartczak Dorota , Goenaga-Infante Heidi , Korpelainen Virpi , Sauvet Bruno , Deumer Jérôme , Varga Zoltán , Gollwitzer Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Biomedical analytical applications, as well as the industrial production of high-quality nano- and sub-micrometre particles, require accurate methods to quantify the absolute number concentration of particles. In this context, small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful tool to determine the particle size and concentration traceable to the Système international d’unités (SI). Therefore, absolute measurements of the scattering cross-section must be performed, which require precise knowledge of all experimental parameters, such as the electron density of solvent and particles, whereas the latter is often unknown. Within the present study, novel SAXS-based approaches to determine the size distribution, density and number concentrations of sub-micron spherical silica particles with narrow size distributions and mean diameters between 160 nm and 430 nm are presented. For the first-time traceable density and number concentration measurements of silica particles are presented and current challenges in SAXS measurements such as beam-smearing, poorly known electron densities and moderately polydisperse samples are addressed. In addition, and for comparison purpose, atomic force microscopy has been used for traceable measurements of the size distribution and single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with the dynamic mass flow approach for the accurate quantification of the number concentrations of silica particles. The possibilities and limitations of the current approaches are critically discussed in this study.
Near-infrared-II responsive ovalbumin functionalized gold-genipin nanosystem cascading photo-immunotherapy of cancer
Authors: Huang Shuqi , Hou Yike , Tang Zhe , Suhail Muhamamd , Cui Mingyue , Iqbal M Zubair , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Synergistic cancer therapies have attracted wide attention owing to their multi-mode tumor inhibition properties. Especially, photo-responsive photoimmunotherapy demonstrates an emerging cancer treatment paradigm that significantly improved treatment efficiency. Herein, near-infrared-II responsive ovalbumin functionalized Gold-Genipin nanosystem (Au–G–OVA NRs) was designed for immunotherapy and deep photothermal therapy of breast cancer. A facile synthesis method was employed to prepare the homogeneous Au nanorods (Au NRs) with good dispersion. The nanovaccine was developed further by the chemical cross-linking of Au–NRs, genipin and ovalbumin. The Au–G–OVA NRs outstanding aqueous solubility, and biocompatibility against normal and cancer cells. The designed NRs possessed enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, which extended the NIR absorption in the second window, enabling promising photothermal properties. Moreover, genipin coating provided complimentary red fluorescent and prepared Au–G–OVA NRs showed significant intracellular encapsulation for efficient photoimmunotherapy outcomes. The designed nanosystem possessed deep photothermal therapy of breast cancer and 90% 4T1 cells were ablated by Au–G–OVA NRs (80 μg ml−1 concentration) after 1064 nm laser irradiation. In addition, Au–G–OVA NRs demonstrated outstanding vaccination phenomena by facilitating OVA delivery, antigen uptake, maturation of bone marrow dendritic cells, and cytokine IFN-γ secretion for tumor immunosurveillance. The aforementioned advantages permit the utilization of fluorescence imaging-guided photo-immunotherapy for cancers, demonstrating a straightforward approach for developing nanovaccines tailored to precise tumor treatment.
Key influence factors in magneto-controlled motion of micro-nano graphite flakes
Authors: Gao Youlin , Wang Junsong , Chen Mianke , Zhang Chenghong , Qiu Kang , Khalifa Mahmoud A , Luo Jialiang , Chang Xiao , Zheng Ganhong , Ding Wei , Sheng Zhigao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Magneto-controlling micro-nano materials’ motion is a promising way that enable the noncontact, remote, and nondestructive controlling of their macrostructure as well as functionalities. Here, an optical microscope with an electromagnet was constructed to in-situ monitor the magneto-controlled motion process microscopically. Taking micro-nano graphite flake (MGF) as a model system, we experimentally demonstrate the key factors that influence the magneto-controlling of materials’ motion. First, the product of intensity and gradient of the magnetic field (B∇B) has been confirmed as the dominant driving force and the flipping direction of the MGFs is accordingly determined by the vector direction of B×∇B. Second, quantitatively comparative experiments further revealed that the threshold driving force has an exponential relationship with the structural aspect ratio (b/a) of MGFs. Third, the critical magneto-driving force is found as proportional to the viscosity of the solvent. Accordingly, a dynamic model is developed that describes the flip of the diamagnetic flake under external magnetic field excitation considering the shape factor. It is shown experimentally that the model accurately predicts the flip dynamics of the flake under different magnetic field conditions. In addition, we also discovered the delay effect, multiple cycle acceleration effect, and the fatigue effects due to gas adsorption in magneto-controlled MGFs flipping. These findings can be used to achieve magneto-controlling materials’ macrostructure as well as their functionalities.
Electric field control of spin-orbit torque in annealed Ta/CoFeB/HfO
x
heterostructures via interfacial oxidation modulation
Authors: Wu Shuo , Jin Tianli , Ang Calvin Ching Ian , Lim Gerard Joseph , Cheng Bryan Wei Hao , Chen Ze , Lew Wen Siang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Electric field control of spin-orbit torque (SOT) exhibits promising potential in advanced spintronic devices through interfacial modulation. In this work, we investigate the influence of electric field and interfacial oxidation on SOT efficiency in annealed Ta/CoFeB/HfO
x
heterostructures. By varying annealing temperatures, the damping-like SOT efficiency reaches its peak at the annealing temperature of 320 °C, with an 80% field-free magnetization switching ratio induced by SOT having been demonstrated. This enhancement is ascribed to the annealing-induced modulation of oxygen ion migration at the CoFeB/HfO
x
interface. By applying voltages across the Ta/CoFeB/HfO
x
heterostructures, which drives the O2‒ migration across the interface, a reversible, bipolar, and non-volatile modulation of SOT efficiency was observed. The collective influence of annealing temperature and electric field effects on SOT carried out in this work provides an effective approach into facilitating the optimization and control of SOT in spintronic devices.
Measurement accuracy evaluation and optimization of embedded strain sensor for asphalt mixture: laboratory tests and finite element simulation
Authors: Han Dongdong , Tang Dong , Liu Guoqiang , Zhao Yongli 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Due to the temperature sensitivity of asphalt mixtures, the synergistic deformation between embedded strain sensors and asphalt mixtures may be poor at certain temperatures, resulting in less accurate strain measurements. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to consider the synergistic deformation between asphalt mixtures and embedded sensors and to provide guidance for the reasonable design of embedded strain sensors for asphalt pavements. Firstly, the finite element analysis and laboratory tests were used as the main approaches to analyze the main factors affecting the synergistic deformation between the embedded strain sensor and the asphalt mixture. Then, critical design requirements and optimization initiatives for embedded strain sensors dedicated to asphalt pavements were proposed. Finally, the optimal embedded strain sensors were further developed and the proposed design requirements were validated. The results show that the output of the sensor can be consistent with the deformation state of the asphalt mixture only if the equivalent modulus of the embedded strain sensor is the same as the modulus of the asphalt mixture. However, asphalt mixture modulus is susceptible to temperature, and it is difficult to keep the asphalt mixture modulus consistent with the sensor equivalent modulus at different ambient temperatures. Therefore, embedded strain sensors with low equivalent modulus and no encapsulated reinforcement are recommended to monitor the strain of asphalt pavement over a wide range of temperatures. The corresponding optimal embedded strain sensor was developed using low modulus polyimide as the elastic strain beam and silicone rubber as the flexible wrapping layer. The optimal embedded strain sensor has a maximum measurement error of only 4.5% over a wide temperature range. Overall, this article provides a reference for the accurate measurement of strain sensors for asphalt pavement.
Effect of manufacturing process parameters on the compression and energy absorption properties of 4D-printed deformable honeycomb structure
Authors: Peng Xiang , Han Yang , Liu Guoao , Li Jiquan , Yi Bing , Sa Guodong , Jiang Shaofei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Four-dimensional-printed deformable honeycombs can produce pro-programmed shape deformation and different properties under external stimuli, and the manufacturing process parameters are the dominant factors affecting the microstructure and properties of the manufactured honeycomb structures. Although many researchers have investigated the effects of manufacturing process parameters on the mechanical properties of printed materials, there is still a lack of research on the relationship between manufacturing process parameters and properties of honeycomb structures. Therefore, a novel honeycomb structures which has two configurations under temperature stimuli is proposed, and the optimum manufacturing processes for the printing of this honeycomb are selected considering the compression and energy absorption properties simultaneously. The novel honeycomb is designed and printed with fused deposition modeling technology, which have hexagonal configuration (Structure I) and semi-triangular configuration (Structure II) under external temperature stimulus. The energy absorption capacity of Structure I and compressive properties of Structure II are investigated under different manufacturing process parameters. The experimental results indicate that the layer thickness has the most significant impact on the mechanical performance of deformable honeycombs. The combination of a layer thickness of 0.2 mm, printing speed of 40 mm s−1, and 100% infill density are the best process parameters for the novel deformable honeycomb structures.
Highly elastic fibers in a shear flow can form double helices
Authors: Słowicka Agnieszka M , Xue Nan , Liu Lujia , Nunes Janine K , Sznajder Paweł , Stone Howard A , Ekiel-Jeżewska Maria L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The long-time behavior of highly elastic fibers in a shear flow is investigated experimentally and numerically. Characteristic attractors of the dynamics are found. It is shown that for a small ratio of bending to hydrodynamic forces, most fibers form a spinning elongated double helix, performing an effective Jeffery orbit very close to the vorticity direction. Recognition of these oriented shapes, and how they form in time, may prove useful in the future for understanding the time history of complex microstructures in fluid flows and considering processing steps for their synthesis.
Effect of biaxial strain on the electronic structure and optical properties of two-dimensional Bi2Te2S
Authors: Yang Jieyu , Cen Weifu , Tian Zean 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, the effects of biaxial strain on the electronic structure and optical properties of monolayer Bi2Te2S are studied by the first-principles methods. The calculated results show that the monolayer Bi2Te2S is an indirect band gap semiconductor with a band gap of 1.0 eV. The absence of imaginary frequency in the phonon spectrum indicates that the structure can exist stably. With the increase of tensile strain, the band gap value decreases approximately quasi-linearly. When 10 % tensile strain is applied, the band gap value is reduced to 0 eV, achieving the transition from an indirect bandgap semiconductor to a direct bandgap semiconductor. With the increase of compressive strain, the band gap value increases first and then decreases, and the band gap value reaches a maximum of 1.28 eV at −4 % strain. Combined with the density of states analysis, the reason for this change in the band structure is that the contribution of Bi 6p, Te 5p and S 3p state electrons to the conduction band and valence band changes under different strains. The effect of strain on the optical properties shows that when different strains are applied, the monolayer Bi2Te2S has a high absorption coefficient in the entire visible region. The single-layer Bi2Te2S material has a smaller refractive index under tensile strain. The static dielectric function value increases with the increase of tensile strain, and the peak value of the dielectric function decreases and moves to the low energy direction. This indicates that the tensile strain will enhance the migration of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which is beneficial to improving the utilization of light. This work will provide a theoretical reference for the subsequent study of the electronic and optical properties of monolayer Bi2Te2S.