bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness Measurements by Galilei Dual-Scheimpflug Analyzer
®
and Ultrasound Pachymeter in Myopic Eyes
Authors: Yeter Volkan , Sönmez Baris , Beden Ümit 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements by Galilei Dual-Scheimpflug analyzer (GSA) (Ziemer Group, Port, Switzerland) and ultrasound pachymeter (UP) in myopic eyes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

In this prospective study, CCT of 161 myopic eyes of 81 refractive surgery candidates (35 female, 46 male; mean age: 23.18 ± 4.08 years) were measured by GSA and UP consecutively. The data were analyzed statistically by paired
t
test, Bland–Altman plot, and Pearson correlation test to assess the agreement of the measurements.

RESULTS:

The mean CCTs obtained by GSA and UP were 559.85 ± 30.87 and 560.41 ± 34.45 μm, respectively. No significant difference was found between the measurements (
P
= .684) and regression analysis showed a high correlation between the measurements obtained with both devices (r = 0.86;
P
< .001). A strong agreement between the two methods was also found by Bland–Altman plot.

CONCLUSION:
In myopic eyes, the CCT measurements of GSA and UP are similar and highly correlated. Because of high agreement between these devices, the GSA is a non-contact method that may be an alternative to UP for measurement of CCT.
Targeting TNF-α to Neoangiogenic Vessels Enhances Lymphocyte Infiltration in Tumors and Increases the Therapeutic Potential of Immunotherapy
Authors: Calcinotto Arianna , Grioni Matteo , Jachetti Elena , Curnis Flavio , Mondino Anna , Parmiani Giorgio , Corti Angelo , Bellone Matteo 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Abnormal tumor vasculature impairs T lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and lymphocyte extravasation into neoplastic tissues, limiting the therapeutic potential of both active and adoptive immunotherapies. We have found that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with NGR-TNF, a Cys-Asn-Gly-Arg-Cys peptide-TNF fusion product capable of altering the endothelial barrier function and improving drug penetration in tumors, associated with the intratumor upregulation of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecules, the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and the infiltration of tumor-specific effector CD8+ T cells. As a result, NGR-TNF enhanced the therapeutic activity of adoptive and active immunotherapy, delaying tumor growth and prolonging survival. Furthermore, we have found that therapeutic effects of these combinations can be further increased by the addition of chemotherapy. Thus, these findings might be relevant for the design of novel immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer patients.
A New Hypersensitive Site, HS10, and the Enhancers, E3′ and Ed, Differentially Regulate Igκ Gene Expression
Authors: Zhou Xiaorong , Xiang Yougui , Ding Xiaoling , Garrard William T. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The mouse Igκ gene locus has three known transcriptional enhancers: an intronic enhancer (Ei), a 3′ enhancer (E3′), and a further downstream enhancer (Ed). We previously discovered, using the chromosome conformation-capture technique, that Ei and E3′ interact with a novel DNA sequence near the 3′ end of the Igκ locus, specifically in B cells. In the present investigation, we examined the function of this far downstream element. The sequence is evolutionarily conserved and exhibits a plasmacytoma cell-specific DNase I-hypersensitive site in chromatin, henceforth termed HS10 in the locus. HS10 acts as a coactivator of E3′ in transient transfection assays. Although HS10−/− mice exhibited normal patterns of B cell development, they were tested further along with E3′−/− and Ed−/− mice for their Igκ expression levels in plasma cells, as well as for both allelic and isotype exclusion in splenic B cells. HS10−/− and Ed−/−, but not E3′−/−, mice exhibited 2.5-fold lower levels of Igκ expression in antigenically challenged plasma cells. E3′−/− mice, but not HS10−/− mice, exhibited impaired IgL isotype and allelic exclusion in splenic B cells. We have suggestive results that Ed may also weakly participate in these processes. In addition, HS10−/− mice no longer exhibited regional chromosome interactions with E3′, and they exhibited modestly reduced somatic hypermutation in the Jκ-Cκ intronic region in germinal center B cells from Peyer’s patches. We conclude that the HS10, E3′, and Ed differentially regulate Igκ gene dynamics.
Longshore Submerged Wave Breaker for a Reflecting Beach
Authors: Pudjaprasetya S. R. , Khatizah Elis 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper considers the effect of a hard-wall beach on the downstream side of submerged parallel bars in a breakwater. In previous research, it was assumed that the beach can absorb all of the transmitted wave energy, when an optimal dimension for a submerged parallel bar is obtained and the wave amplitude is reduced as more bars are installed. However, for a hard-wall beach there are waves reflected from the beach that change the long-term wave interaction. We adopt the linear shallow water equations in Riemann invariant form and use the method of characteristics, in a procedure applicable to various formations of submerged rectangular bars. The distance from the parallel bar (or bars) to the beach determines the phase differences between right running waves in the beach basin and whether they superpose destructively or constructively before hitting the beach, to define the safest and the most dangerous cases. Our numerical calculations for one bar, two bars and for periodic rectangular bars confirm the analytical formulae obtained.
An Efficient Variant of the GMRES(m) Method Based on the Error Equations
Authors: Akira Imakura  , Sogabe Tomohiro , Zhang Shao-Liang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe GMRES(m) method proposed by Saad and Schultz is one of the most successful Krylov subspace methods for solving nonsymmetric linear systems. In this paper, we investigate how to update the initial guess to make it converge faster, and in particular propose an efficient variant of the method that exploits an unfixed update. The mathematical background of the unfixed update variant is based on the error equations, and its potential for efficient convergence is explored in some numerical experiments.
A New Fourth-Order Compact Off-Step Discretization for the System of 2D Nonlinear Elliptic Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Mohanty R. K. , Setia Nikita 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper discusses a new fourth-order compact off-step discretization for the solution of a system of two-dimensional nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. New methods to obtain the fourth-order accurate numerical solution of the first order normal derivatives of the solution are also derived. In all cases, we use only nine grid points to compute the solution. The proposed methods are directly applicable to singular problems and problems in polar coordinates, which is a main attraction. The convergence analysis of the derived method is discussed in detail. Several physical problems are solved to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed methods.
identification risk for falls diagnosis in the elderly serviced by the elderly care program
Authors: Chaves Erika Cássia Lopes , Cordeiro Laís De Andrade Martins , Goyatá Sueli Leiko Takamastu , Godinho Mônica Lá-Salette da costa , Meirelles Valéria Cruz , Nascimento Aline Mara 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT Objective: identifying the frequency of nursing diagnosis Risk for falls in the elderly and assess their risk factors. Method: retrospective study based on data recorded in the medical records of elderly patients in the Elderly Care Program. Data collection was done between May-June 2009, by means of a questionnaire with information on the epidemiological and diagnostic study, classified according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA-I), after approval by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Alfenas (protocol 23087.001613/2009-01). For tabulation and analysis of data the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. Descriptive statistics allowed us to describe and summarize the data obtained which were compared using the chi-square (X2) and Fisher's exact test. The statistical significance level adopted was 5% (p
Flank Suspended Supine Position for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Tie-jun Pan , Gong-cheng Li , Zhang-qun Ye , Han-dong Wen , Guo-qiu Shen , Jia-qiao Zhang 
Published: February 2012

Aims Prone and supine positions for percutaneous nephrolithotomy are widely used but have their drawbacks. We report a new positioning method called “flank suspended supine position” (FSSP) for PCNL and describe our experience with PCNL in this position to evaluate its safety and efficacy. Methods Retrospective study of 150 cases of renal stone patients treated with PCNL in a new position called flank suspended supine position (FSSP) from June 2009 to July 2010. All patients were treated with PCNL in FSSP under epidural anesthesia. Operation time, bleeding rate, stone free rate, and complications were recorded. Results All patients tolerated FSSP. Mean operation time was 78.29±26.13 min. Initial stone-free rate was 83%. For those with residual stones (26 cases), 18 were stone-free after a second PCNL, 8 after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Mean hospital stay was 7.63±2.39 days. No penetrating injury of the pleural cavity or injury to visceral organs was reported. Summary FSSP is an effective and safe position for PCNL in our hands and its effectiveness relative to traditional prone position needs to be determined in future randomized studies.
The “Lords of Life”:
Authors: Finan E. Thomas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article uses the fractal as a device for explicating the narrative strategies of Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay “Experience.” Each of the seven “lords of life” of “Experience” incorporates aspects of its six complementary “lords,” so this article argues that each “lord”—and its corresponding section of “Experience”—represents a fractal recapitulation of the whole course of “Experience.” Applying a fractal narrative to “Experience” casts further light on the process of recursion within Emerson's prose and on the way in which Emerson's writing can seek to perform the methods of consciousness; the recursion of the fractal offers a lens for viewing the self-referential qualities of consciousness. Using the initial “lord” of “Illusion” as a microcosm for viewing the fractal qualities of the other “lords,” this article then examines the implications of this fractal dynamic for the themes of “Experience” as a whole, including the relationship of part and whole, the role of human partiality, and the intricacies of self-awareness.
Improving Contour Accuracy and Strength of Reactive Air Brazed (RAB) Ceramic/Metal Joints by Controlling Interface Microstructure
Authors: Li Chichi , Kuhn Bernd , Brandenberg Jörg , Beck Tilmann , Singheiser Lorenz , Bobzin Kirsten , Bagcivan Nazlim , Kopp Nils 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe development of high‐temperature electrochemical devices such as solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen, and hydrogen separators and gas reformers poses a great challenge in brazing technology of metal/ceramic joints. To maintain the integrity of such equipment, the resulting seals have to be stable and hermetic during continuous and cyclic high temperature operation. As a solution for joining metal and ceramic materials, reactive air brazing has gained increasing interest in recent years. This paper compares joints brazed by different filler alloys: pure Ag, AgCu, and AgAl in three different aspects: contour accuracy, room temperature delamination resistance, and corresponding microstructures of the as‐brazed and fractured brazed joints. Discussion focuses on fracture mechanism and associated delamination resistance. AgAl brazed joints exhibit the most promising mechanical properties and contour accuracy.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Propene Dimerization Reactions in Triphenylbismuth‐Buffered Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids: High Performance with Unconventional Cations
Authors: Dötterl Matthias , Alt Helmut G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe addition of triphenylbismuth (BiPh3) efficiently buffers Lewis acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquids over a wide range of compositions. Since the melting points of these ternary mixtures are lower compared to unbuffered chloroaluminate systems, the scope of cations for the formation of buffered room temperature ionic liquids is greatly extended. The buffered ionic liquids were used to activate nickel complexes for selective biphasic propene dimerization reactions. Lifetimes, selectivities and productivities of such dimerization catalysts could be adjusted by the choice of the cation and the composition. At lower reaction temperatures, the selectivities to give dimers increased significantly. Propene dimers were obtained with selectivities of up to 98%. A cation screening with 100 ammonium and phosphonium halide salts was performed. N‐Methylpyrrolidine hydrochloride gave the best results in terms of selectivity and lifetime. Propene dimerization reactions in BiPh3‐buffered chloroaluminate melts were catalyzed by various soluble nickel compounds with similar performances. The introduction of basic, sterically demanding tricyclohexylphosphine ligands led to higher degrees of branching, however, at the expense of lower dimer selectivities.
Heterocyclic Spiranes and Dispiranes via Enantioselective Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3+2] Annulations
Authors: Duvvuru Deepti , Pinto Nathalie , Gomez Catherine , Betzer Jean‐François , Retailleau Pascal , Voituriez Arnaud , Marinetti Angela 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of highly functionalized heterocyclic spiranes has been carried out by [3+2] cyclizations between allenoates and enones, under phosphine catalysis. Excellent enantioselectivity levels (ees up to 99%) have been attained in FerroPHANE‐promoted cyclizations of this class, leading to chiral sulfides with unprecedented spiranic structures. The corresponding sulfoxides have been obtained then via a subsequent, highly diastereoselective oxidation of the prostereogenic sulfur centre.
An Efficient Iron Catalyst for the Synthesis of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Organic Carbonates under Mild Conditions
Authors: Whiteoak Christopher J. , Martin Eddy , Belmonte Marta Martínez , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn iron(III) amine triphenolate complex, [FeTPhOA]2, able to efficiently catalyze the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to a range of terminal epoxides under mild conditions, is described. In addition, it has also been found that the complex is able to catalyze the conversion with more sterically congested oxiranes and oxetanes which are generally considered challenging substrates to activate. Variation of the co‐catalyst, required for ring‐opening of the substrates, has also been examined. The results show that terminal epoxide substrates are converted more efficiently with an iodide co‐catalyst, whereas more bulky oxirane substrates give better product yields in the presence of a bromide co‐catalyst. The combined results demonstrate the broad applicability of these iron(III) complexes in this type of carbon dioxide fixation chemistry.
The Consequences and Correction of Inflation in Personal Savings Estimates in Specific Future Time Frames
Authors: Tam Leona , Dholakia Utpal M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTWe examined the consequences of personal savings estimate inflation that occurs when decision makers provide savings estimates for specific future months when compared with the next month or the next year time frames, along with a method to attenuate this bias. The results of three experiments showed that the savings estimate inflation leads to significantly larger estimates of desired nest egg size (Experiment 1) and preference for riskier choices in other financial domains such as investment and employment decisions (Experiment 2). An attempt to attenuate this bias revealed that it is corrected when individuals provide a budgeting estimate prior to giving a savings estimate (Experiment 3). The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex-specific time trends in first admission to hospital for peripheral artery disease in Scotland 1991–2007
Authors: Inglis S C , Lewsey J D , Chandler D , Byrne D S , Lowe G D O , MacIntyre K 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
This study examined trends for all first hospital admissions for peripheral artery disease (PAD) in Scotland from 1991 to 2007 using the Scottish Morbidity Record.

Methods
First admissions to hospital for PAD were defined as an admission to hospital (inpatient and day-case) with a principal diagnosis of PAD, with no previous admission to hospital (principal or secondary diagnosis) for PAD in the previous 10 years.

Results
From 1991 to 2007, 41 593 individuals were admitted to hospital in Scotland for the first time for PAD. Some 23 016 (55·3 per cent) were men (mean(s.d.) age 65·7(11·7) years) and 18 577 were women (aged 70·4(12·8) years). For both sexes the population rate of first admissions to hospital for PAD declined over the study interval: from 66·7 per 100 000 in 1991-1993 to 39·7 per 100 000 in 2006-2007 among men, and from 43·5 to 29·1 per 100 000 respectively among women. After adjustment, the decline was estimated to be 42 per cent in men and 27 per cent in women (rate ratio for 2007 versus 1991: 0·58 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·55 to 0·62) in men and 0·73 (0·68 to 0·78) in women). The intervention rate fell from 80·8 to 74·4 per cent in men and from 77·9 to 64·9 per cent in women. The proportion of hospital admissions as an emergency or transfer increased, from 23·9 to 40·7 per cent among men and from 30·0 to 49·5 per cent among women.

Conclusion
First hospital admission for PAD in Scotland declined steadily and substantially between 1991 and 2007, with an increase in the proportion that was unplanned.
Improving the robustness of a low‐cost insect cell medium for baculovirus biopesticides production, via hydrolysate streamlining using a tube bioreactor‐based statistical optimization routine
Authors: Huynh Hoai T. , Chan Leslie C. L. , Tran Trinh T. B. , Nielsen Lars K. , Reid Steven 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA critical component of an in vitro production process for baculovirus biopesticides is a growth medium that is efficacious, robust, and inexpensive. An in‐house low‐cost serum‐free medium, VPM3, has been shown to be very promising in supporting Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) production in H. zea insect cell suspension cultures, for use as a biopesticide against the Heliothine pest complex. However, VPM3 is composed of a significant number of undefined components, including five different protein hydrolysates, which introduce a challenging lot‐to‐lot variability to the production process. In this study, an intensive statistical optimization routine was employed to reduce the number of protein hydrolysates in VPM3 medium. Nearly 300 runs (including replicates) were conducted with great efficiency by using 50 mL TubeSpin® bioreactors to propagate insect cell suspension cultures. Fractional factorial experiments were first used to determine the most important of the five default protein hydrolysates, and to screen for seven potential substitutes for the default meat peptone, Primatone RL. Validation studies informed by the screening tests showed that promising alternative media could be formulated based on just two protein hydrolysates, in particular the YST‐AMP (Yeast Extract and Amyl Meat Peptone) and YST‐POT (Yeast Extract and Lucratone Potato Peptone) combinations. The YST‐AMP (meat‐based) and YST‐POT (meat‐free) variants of VPM3 were optimized using response surface methodology, and were shown to be just as good as the default VPM3 and the commercial Sf‐900 II media in supporting baculovirus yields, hence providing a means toward a more reproducible and scalable production process for HaSNPV biopesticides. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog.,, 2012
Preparation of Chiral Amino Esters by Asymmetric Phase‐Transfer Catalyzed Alkylations of Schiff Bases in a Ball Mill
Authors: Nun Pierrick , Pérez Violaine , Calmès Monique , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frédéric 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe asymmetric alkylation of Schiff bases under basic conditions in a ball mill was performed. The starting Schiff bases of glycine were prepared beforehand by milling protected glycine hydrochloride and benzophenone imine, in the absence of solvent. The Schiff base was then reacted with a halogenated derivative in a ball mill in the presence of KOH. By adding a chiral ammonium salt derived from cinchonidine, the reaction proceeded asymmetrically under phase‐transfer catalysis conditions, giving excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses up to 75 %. Because an equimolar amount of starting material was used, purification was greatly simplified.
From Hexaoxy‐[6]Pericyclynes to Carbo‐Cyclohexadienes, Carbo‐Benzenes, and Dihydro‐Carbo‐Benzenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Chromophoric and Redox Properties
Authors: Leroyer Léo , Lepetit Christine , Rives Arnaud , Maraval Valérie , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Kandaskalov Dmytro , Kieffer David , Chauvin Remi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhen targeting the quadrupolar p‐dianisyltetraphenyl‐carbo‐benzene by reductive treatment of a hexaoxy‐[6]pericyclyne precursor 3 with SnCl2/HCl, a strict control of the conditions allowed for the isolation of three C18‐macrocyclic products: the targeted aromatic carbo‐benzene 1, a sub‐reduced non‐aromatic carbo‐cyclohexadiene 4 A, and an over‐reduced aromatic dihydro‐carbo‐benzene 5 A. Each of them was fully characterized by its absorption and NMR spectra, which were interpreted by comparison with calculated spectra from static structures optimized at the DFT level. According to the nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) value (NICS≈−13 ppm), the macrocyclic aromaticity of 5 A is indicated to be equivalent to that of 1. This is confirmed by the strong NMR spectroscopic deshielding of the ortho‐CH protons of the aryl substituents, but also by the strong shielding of the internal proton of the endocyclic trans‐CHCH double bond that results from the hydrogenation of one of the CC bonds of 3. Both the aromatics 1 and 5 A exhibit a high crystallinity, revealed by SEM and TEM images, which allowed for a structural determination by using an X‐ray microsource. A good agreement with calculated molecular structures was found, and columnar assemblies of the C18 macrocycles were evidenced in the crystal packing. The non‐aromatic carbo‐cyclohexadiene 4 A is shown to be an intermediate in the formation of 1 from 3. It exhibits a remarkable dichromism in solution, which is related to the occurrence of two intense bands in the visible region of its UV/Vis spectrum. These properties could be attributed to the dibutatrienylacetylene (DBA) unit that occurs in the three chromophores, but which is not involved in a macrocyclic π‐delocalization in 4 A only. A versatile redox behavior of the carbo‐chromophores is evidenced by cyclic voltammetry and was analyzed by calculation of the ionization potential, electron affinity, and frontier molecular orbitals.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanum Triel/Tetrelides La(Al,Ga)x(Si,Ge)1‐x. Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Stability of Intermetallic 1:1 Phases.
Authors: Duerr Ines , Bauer Britta , Roehr Caroline 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPhase formation at the binary sections LaSi—LaGa and LaGe—LaAl are characterized by XRD and FP‐LAPW electronic band structure calculations.