bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Evaluation of the Vertical Root Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth using Different Root Canal Sealers: An in vitro Study
Authors: Prashanth MB , Tavane Pradeep N , Annapoorna BM , Prashanth NT , Deepak BS , Nagpal Ajay , Singla Munish , Singh Ashmita 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
The objective of this study is to evaluate the vertical root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated with – Tubli-Seal EWT/Gutta-percha, AH Plus/Gutta-percha, Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany point.

Study design
Sixty-five single rooted premolars were decoronated and root length was 14 mm for each specimen. Fifty five teeth were enlarged up to ISO size 40 master apical file with stainless steel K-files using standardized preparation and remaining ten teeth were served as negative control. Then teeth were randomly assigned into different groups depending on sealer used for obturation as follows:

Group 1
Negative control—no instrumentation was performed.

Group 2
Positive control—gutta-percha with out the use of any sealer.

Group 3
Experimental group—gutta-percha and Tubli-Seal EWT root canal sealer.

Group 4
Experimental group—gutta-percha and AH Plus.

Group 5
Experimental group—epiphany SE sealer and epiphany points.
After 72 hours, the specimens were embedded in autopolymerizing resin leaving 7 mm of each root exposed and were subjected to fracture testing under universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm per minute until the root fractured. Results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test.

Results
Showed that Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points showed highest mean fracture resistance and Tubli-Seal EWT group showed the least fracture resistance of all the materials tested. There was no statistically significant difference among experimental groups.

Conclusion
Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points demonstrated highest fracture resistance values than the other materials tested and intact tooth had highest resistance against vertical root fracture.

Clinical significance
Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points may be one of the materials of choice in the endodontic treatment of teeth.

How to cite this article
Nagpal A, Annapoorna BM, Prashanth MB, Prashanth NT, Singla M, Deepak BS, Singh A, Tavane PN. A Comparative Evaluation of the Vertical Root Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth using Different Root Canal Sealers: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):351-355.
Knowledge, Attitude and use of Fluorides among Dentists in Texas
Authors: Bansal Ritu , Bolin Kenneth A , Abdellatif Hoda M , Shulman Jay D 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) recommendations on fluoride use were published in 2001. This study examines how this information has diffused to practicing dentists and the level of fluoride knowledge and use among Texas dentists.

Materials and methods
A questionnaire was sent to dentists who self-identified as being in pediatric (343), dental public health (72), and general practices (980); a 12% sample of registered dentists in Texas.

Results
Response rate was 42.9%. About 90% of surveyed dentists reported using fluorides routinely. Only 18.8% reported fluoride varnish as the topical fluoride most often used. About 57% incorrectly identified primary effect of fluoride. ‘Makes enamel stronger while tooth is developing prior to eruption’ was the most commonly cited wrong answer (44%). Only 5% identified that posteruptive effect exceeds any preeruptive effect.

Conclusion
Despite the evidence for fluoride varnish preventing and controlling dental caries being Grade I, its use is still uncommon. Dentists are expected to be knowledgeable about products they use, but this study reflects lack of understanding about fluoride's predominant mode of action. More accurate understanding enables dentists to make informed and appropriate judgment on treatment options and effective use of fluoride based on risk assessment of dental caries.

Clinical significance
Lack of knowledge of, or failure of adherence to evidence based guidelines in caries prevention by use of appropriate fluoride regimens may adversely affect caries incidence in the population.

How to cite this article
Bansal R, Bolin KA, Abdellatif HM, Shulman JD. Knowledge, Attitude and use of Fluorides among Dentists in Texas. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):371-375.
Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Manjith CM , Karnam Srinivas Kumar , Reddy A Naveen 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTAimThe metal ion released from the orthodontic appliance may cause allergic reactions particularly nickel and chromium ions. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the amount of nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions released from simulated orthodontic appliance made of new archwires and brackets.Materials and methodsSixty sets of new archwire, band material, brackets and ligature wires were prepared simulating fixed orthodontic appliance. These sets were divided into four groups of fifteen samples each.Group 1: Stainless steel rectangular archwires.Group 2: Rectangular NiTi archwires.Group 3: Rectangular copper NiTi archwires.Group 4: Rectangular elgiloy archwires. These appliances were immersed in 50 ml of artificial saliva solution and stored in polypropylene bottles in the incubator to simulate oral conditions. After 90 days the solution were tested for nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.ResultsResults showed that high levels of nickel ions were released from all four groups, compared to all other ions, followed by release of iron ion levels. There is no significant difference in the levels of all metal ions released in the different groups.ConclusionThe study confirms that the use of newer brackets and newer archwires confirms the negligible release of metal ions from the orthodontic appliance.Clinical significanceThe measurable amount of metals, released from orthodontic appliances in artificial saliva, was significantly below the average dietary intake and did not reach toxic concentrations.How to cite this articleKarnam SK, Reddy AN, Manjith CM. Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):376-381.
The Use of Fragments of Thin Veneers as a Restorative Therapy for Anterior Teeth Disharmony: A Case Report with 3 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Goiato Marcelo Coelho , Santos Daniela Micheline dos , Baräo Valentim Adelino Ricardo , Okida Ricardo Coelho , Filho Aljomar José Vechiato 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The present case report described the use of contact lens of thin porcelain veneers as a restorative therapy to solve anterior teeth disharmony.

Background
Fragments of thin veneers are minimally invasive restorations with little or no dental preparation and present thickness ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 mm. They are used in case of diastema closure, small changes of teeth, color and restoration of teeth with small fractures.

Case report
A 25-year-old man was admitted at a dental clinic complaining about the diastema presence on the upper anterior teeth. Patient was referred to an orthodontic treatment in order to provide better distribution of the diastemas and harmonious proportion of the teeth. Afterwards, contact lens of thin porcelain veneers were fabricated on the six upper anterior teeth.

Conclusion
Based on the outcomes of this clinical report, we considered the use of fragments of thin veneers as a successful treatment option after 3 years of follow-up.

Clinical significance
The fragments of thin veneers have been established to be an interesting alternative to esthetically restore the anterior teeth with minimal invasiveness. However, since it is a new treatment modality, longitudinal studies are necessary to understand the material's behavior.

How to cite this article
Okida RC, Filho AJV, Barão VAR, dos Santos DM, Goiato MC. The Use of Fragments of Thin Veneers as a Restorative Therapy for Anterior Teeth Disharmony: A Case Report with 3 Years of Follow-up. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):416-420.
Choroid Thickness Measurement with RTVue Optical Coherence Tomography in Emmetropic Eyes, Mildly Myopic Eyes, and Highly Myopic Eyes
Authors: Coscas Gabriel , Zhou Qienyuan , Coscas Florence , Zucchiatti Ilaria , Rispoli Marco , Uzzan Joel , De Benedetto Umberto , Savastano Maria C. , Soules Kelly , Goldenberg Dafna , Loewenstein Anat , Lumbroso Bruno 
Published: July 2012

Purpose. To evaluate choroid thickness (CT) with RTVue spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and the effect of age and myopia in eyes without posterior complications. Methods. In this multicenter cross-sectional study, all enrolled patients were over age 18 and divided them in 3 groups based on refraction: emmetropia (+1 D to −1 D), mild myopia (–1 D to −6 D), and high myopia (–6 D to −20 D) groups. Horizontal scans through the fovea were acquired with RTVue OCT (Optovue Inc., Fremont, California, USA). Choroid thickness was measured at 500 µm intervals up to 1,500 µm temporal and nasal to the fovea by 2 graders. Mean CT was calculated based on the average of the 7 locations. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate CT at each location, the effects of age and myopia, and grader agreement. Results. A total 85 eyes of 85 subjects (30 emmetropic, 24 myopic, and 31 high myopic) were enrolled. Excellent grader agreement was observed with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.97. The mean CT was 248.2±78.5 (µm) for emmetropia (age = 58±18), 247.0±85.4 (µm) for myopia (age = 45±20), and 131.5±70.9 (µm) for high myopia (age = 54±13). The mean CT was not significantly different between emmetropia and myopia groups, which were significantly thicker than high myopia group. The overall slope of age-related change for the mean CT was −1.95 µm/y and the effect of age differed among the groups. Conclusions. Choroid thickness can be measured from RTVue OCT images with good reproducibility. Age and high myopia appear to negatively affect CT. The age effect may vary with refraction groups.
New Actors in Employment Relations in the Periphery: Closing the Representation Gap amongst Micro and Small Enterprises
Authors: Webster Edward , Bishoff Christine 
Published: July 2012

This paper aims to contribute to our understanding of how the representation gap in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in nine countries can be closed through a mapping exercise (both horizontal and vertical). The study draws on peripheral workers in MSEs predominantly from countries on the periphery of the global economy. The assumption underlying the research is that the failure of traditional industrial relations actors, especially trade unions, to respond to the representation gap has created the space and the need for new actors to fill the gap. We identify a number of dimensions in trade union responses to non-standard employment relations and focus on their awareness of the specific nature of non-standard workers’ interests and their willingness to innovate with representation models.The paper identifies four main responses by trade unions to non-standard employees. The first response is where trade unions are indifferent to workers in MSEs as they are seen as marginal and unorganizable. Secondly, there are trade unions that are very much aware of the need to revise and revitalize their representation strategies, but they respond by attempting to extend existing forms of representation. Thirdly there are those who believe that non-standard employment should be resisted. The fourth, and most interesting response, is where unions create specific kinds of representation and protection for the new forms of employment.While there were positive outcomes both individually and organizationally from this mapping exercise, as an organizational tool designed to recruit members into the union, mapping is limited. In five of the nine case studies peripheral workers were recruited into a union or worker association. The paper confirms the existence of new actors in employment relations in developing countries. In particular the emergence of NGOs and community based worker associations and co-operatives have been identified as crucial intermediaries in developing new forms of workplace organization.
Decent Work and Poverty Reduction Strategies
Authors: Hughes Steve , Haworth Nigel 
Published: July 2012

This article examines how the International Labour Organization’s (ILO) Decent Work agenda integration into poverty reduction strategies has provided the wherewithal for closer cooperation with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. It begins by discussing multilateral approaches to poverty reduction and identifying criticisms of structural adjustment programmes and the policy prescriptions of the Washington Consensus as key prompts for closer cooperation with the ILO. The article examines the development of the ILO and identifies the role that successive Director Generals have played in repositioning it as a key player in multilateral approaches to poverty reduction. The complex nature of cooperation between the ILO and the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) is acknowledged and discussed. While the Washington Consensus has not been abandoned, analytical shifts within the IFIs, including greater acknowledgment of the role labour market institutions can make in sustainable growth and development, have prompted closer integration between employment and social policies and international macroeconomic policy strategies.At the heart of this engagement lies the ILO’s Decent Work Agenda and the demand for greater policy coherence among multilateral organizations in poverty reduction. The integration of Decent Work into IFI Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) is identified as a key platform for these activities. The article describes the ILO strategy for integrating Decent Work into the PRSP process and examines the criticisms this strategy has attracted. In highlighting the importance of worker voice in the national delivery of poverty reduction strategies, the article concludes by promoting the need for representative bodies to have the necessary organization and skills to engage with and implement poverty reduction strategies. For Decent Work and poverty reduction to succeed, this need is of both a national and international concern. Such challenges loom large in future engagement between the ILO and the IFIs.
L’histoire amateur et l’histoire universitaire : paradigmes de l’historiographie du cinéma
Authors: Gauthier Philippe 
Published: July 2012

L’auteur de l’article qui suit propose l’esquisse d’un nouveau découpage historiographique qui tient compte davantage du contexte dans lequel les différents discours historiques étudiés ont émergé et des limites imposées par le contexte en question. Ce découpage repose non pas sur le concept de « génération » (histoire traditionnelle/nouvelle histoire), qui tend à enfermer le chercheur dans le carcan d’une approche téléologique, mais plutôt sur le concept de « paradigme », qui permet plutôt de s’affranchir des impératifs de périodisation et de certaines contraintes temporelles. Selon l’hypothèse formulée par l’auteur, l’« histoire amateur du cinéma », dans laquelle les discours historiques sont destinés majoritairement au grand public, aurait été le paradigmedominantdurant la période s’étalant du tournant des années 1900 jusqu’aux années 1970, alors que l’« histoire universitaire du cinéma », dans laquelle les discours historiques sont destinés en très grande majorité aux historiens universitaires du cinéma, représenterait le paradigmedominantdes 30 dernières années dans l’historiographie du cinéma.
Biomass to biofuel: a review on production technology
Authors: Chakraborty Sudip , Aggarwal Varun , Mukherjee Debolina , Andras Koris 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe amalgamation of climate change, depletion of natural resource, and scarcity of fossil fuel have triggered a sense of urgency among researchers, development practitioners, and industrialist to find sustainable and viable solutions in the area of biofuels. As a researcher, we have to take up this challenge to secure our energy future with the help of sustainable approach and technological advancement to produce green fuel from the organic sources or biomass. Biomass comes generally from organic natural matter such as trees, wood, manure, sewage, grass cuttings, and timber waste and is a source of huge green energy called biofuel. It includes most of the biological material, living or dead. This energy is used industrially and domestically since many years, but the recent trend is on the production of green fuel with different advance processing systems in a sustainable way. Biomass is becoming a booming industry now because it is cheaper and there are many organic wastes all around and is quite effective for the sustainable use of the bioenergy. In the last few years, the world has seen a remarkable development in the biofuel production technology, and three generations of biofuel already exist in our society. The combination of membrane technology with the existing process line can play a vital role for the production of green fuel in a sustainable manner. In this paper, the science and technology for sustainable biofuel production will be discuss for a cleaner world. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perspectives of biofuels production from renewable resources with bioelectrochemical systems
Authors: Villano Marianna , Aulenta Federico , Majone Mauro 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTBioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are an emerging technology that uses solid‐state electrodes to stimulate microbial metabolism (either for substrate degradation or for products formation). Because of their versatility and unmatched level of control over the biological reactions, BESs hold a great potential for application in industrial and environmental bioprocesses. Among them, the bioelectrochemical production of renewable and carbon‐neutral energy carriers, such as hydrogen and methane, at the cathode of bioelectrochemical systems is recently attracting considerable attention. While exciting as a concept, the performance of the process seems to be still primarily limited by the low kinetics and efficiencies of the cathodic reactions. In this review, key opportunities for gaseous biofuels production with bioelectrochemical systems are addressed and compared with existing biotechnological approaches such as anaerobic digestion and dark fermentation. The major bottlenecks and challenges that still need to be faced to make this novel technology practical are presented and critically discussed. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parametric optimization of xylitol production from xylose by fermentation
Authors: Srivani K. , Pydi Setty Y. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTEnvironmental parameters play a major role on the optimum production of bio‐chemicals by bio‐chemical pathways of a micro‐organism. The effect of different environmental parameters like initial pH, temperature and initial xylose concentration were found for xylitol production using the micro‐organism candida parapsilosis NCIM‐3323, that belongs to the genus candida and species yeast. Maximum values of xylitol concentration, xylitol yield, xylitol volumetric productivity, xylitol specific productivity were found to be 28.14 g/l, 0.469 g/g xylose, 0.7 g/l‐h, 0.0116 g/g‐h at an initial pH of 3.5, temperature of 30 °C and initial xylose concentration of 60 g/l respectively. Optimum initial pH, temperature and initial xylose concentration for highest xylitol productivity were found to be 3.5, 30 °C, 60 g/l respectively. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(lactic acid)/low density polyethylene polymer blends: preparation and characterization
Authors: Hamad Kotiba , Kaseem Mosab , Deri Fawaz 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) was melt blended with low density polyethylene (LDPE) with the aim of replacing commodity polymers in future applications. Because cost of PLA is quite high, it is not economically feasible to use it alone for day to day use as a packaging material without blending. In this work, PLA was blended with LDPE in different ratios by using a laboratory scale single screw extruder. The prepared blends were characterized in terms of rheological and mechanical properties. Rheological properties were studied using a capillary rheometer, and the Bagley's correction was performed. True shear rate (γr), true shear stress (τr), true viscosity (ηr) and non‐Newtonian index (n) were determined. The relationship between true viscosity and temperature was also studied, and the flow activation energy at a constant shear stress (Eτ) was determined. The mechanical properties of the blends were investigated on dog bone‐shaped samples obtained by injection molding, tensile tests were performed using Testometric M350‐10KN, stress at break, strain at break and Young's modulus were determined. Rheological results show incompatibility between the two polymers where the true viscosity of the blend decreased with increasing PLA content below the line of mixing rule, also it was found that the blend exhibits shear‐thinning behavior over the range of the studied shear rates. The mechanical results also showed incompatibility between PLA and LDPE in the blend, where stress at break and Young's modulus of the blend increased with increasing PLA content, whereas strain at break of the blends was similar to that of neat PLA. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐phase partitioning bioreactors: the use of polymers for the in situ removal of ethanol
Authors: Daugulis Andrew J. , Milton Sarah G. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe use of polymers for in situ removal of ethanol, an inhibitory fermentation product, was investigated. Results from capacity experiments with six amorphous polymers showed that nylon 6,6 had the greatest capacity for ethanol, 0.123 g ethanol/g polymer. The Flory–Huggins solubility parameter for this polymer most closely matched that of ethanol and provided an initial indication that rational polymer selection based on the Flory–Huggins theory, which describes polymer–solute interactions, can be used to predict potential absorptive polymers for the uptake of target molecules. A hard, crystalline polymeric resin with surface‐adsorptive properties, DOWEX Optipore L493, was found to have a higher ethanol capacity, 0.346 g ethanol/g polymer. Batch fermentations of a glucose medium using Saccharomyces cerevisiae were conducted in both the presence and absence of the polymeric adsorbent, DOWEX Optipore L493. Although the addition of the resin had a positive effect on reducing the aqueous ethanol concentration via in situ ethanol removal, its presence in the medium, perhaps due to abrasive effects on the cells, diminished this positive performance. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.