bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting Out of Harm's Way
Authors: Allen Barry G. , Patten Steven C. 
Published: May 2010

Robert Nozick's adherence to Locke's puzzling doctrine about punishment can seem strange. Why does Nozick follow Locke in claiming that individuals in a state of nature have a right to punish any wrongdoer?Here reflection on this question proceeds by stages to a conclusion that Nozick as well as any other state-of-nature theorist of similar stripe should find disturbing. For, as we shall see (in section 1), what Nozick describes as the general right of a minimal state to punish cannot arise within a state of nature from the more plausible right of individuals to punish only those who harm them.
Fernand Dumont ou L'anthropologue en présence de son ombre
Authors: Audet Jean-Paul 
Published: May 2010

L'anthropologie en l'absence de l'homme: le dernier ouvrage de Fer-nand Dumont nous apporte la réflexion d'un praticien des sciénces de l'homme, et notamment de la sociologie, autour de ce que l'auteur appelle, en un sens d'ailleurs trés large, l'anthropologie.C'est dire tout de suite qu'il s'agit essentiellement ici d'une pensée portée au second degré sur un premier « discours », ou un savoir déjà constitué: celui que pratique, ou auquel prétend l'anthropologue luimême. Critique d'une exploration qui, en un autre sens il est vrai, se veut elle-même critique, l'entreprise de Fernand Dumont se meut ainsi en général dans une atmosphère plutôt raréfiée.
On the Difference Between Non-Connoting Terms and Rigid Designators: A Reply to Bradley
Authors: Matthen Mohan 
Published: May 2010

A main point of my article, as I see it, is that we can solve Putnam's problem, as articulated in the first paragraph of section three, without recourse to the definition of “natural-kind term” as “rigid designator of a natural kind”. I had three main objections to this definition:(a) It makes the classification of a term as a natural-kind term dependent on one's metaphysics, i.e., on the status given to natural kinds. However, Putnam's argument seems to be independent of such metaphysical considerations, and the sort of natural kinds it establishes (if any) should be “read off its face”, not set down in advance (section 2).(b) It permits the derivation of “exotic necessary truths” such as “If water is H20 then necessarily water is H20” (sections 9 and 10).(c) Putnam's main point appears to be about the independence of a term's extension from a linguistic community's beliefs. Why should this point affect the theory of designation? Kripke's argument about names establishes the non-descriptiveness of names while leaving undisturbed the classical conception of names designating individuals. Why should we not take his and Putnam's parallel arguments as establishing the non-descriptiveness (non-connotation) of natural-kind terms while leaving undisturbed the classical conception of general terms designating classes (section 10)?
Nicholas Griffin on Relative Identity
Authors: Feldman Richard H. 
Published: May 2010

Relative Identity contains a sustained attack on the classical or absolute theory of identity and a defense of a non-classical or relative theory of identity. According to the absolute theory of identity each thing is identical with itself and with nothing other than itself. The fundamental principle of this theory is Leibniz' Law:From (LL) a variety of characteristic principles about identity can be derived, including The Indiscernibility of Identicals, The Identity of Indiscernibles, and the symmetry, reflexivity, and transitivity of identity.
The Logic of Fiction and the ‘Sayso’ Semantics
Authors: Hunter Graeme 
Published: May 2010

It would no doubt conform to most people's unschooled intuition to call1. Hamlet was a Danish prince.true, and2. Hamlet was a Spanish peasant.false. Yet most philosophers who have considered the question have given us reason to believe that our intuitions could lead us in such cases into (at worst) contradiction or (at best) deviant logic.
Can Travis' “Generative Theory of Illocutions” be Generative?
Authors: McGilvray James A. 
Published: May 2010

Travis' Saying and Understanding offers the foundations for what he hopes will be a generative theory of illocutions. I want to criticize the “generative” character of the theory.Note first that I am not going to criticize the theory because — as is true of Saying and Understanding — there are no rules for its generation, nothing to let us see how it will work. The book is only a discussion of the foundations of such a theory. My criticism is that I do not see how it can be generative, given what Travis expects it to do. So in this critique I shall outline what I think he expects it to do, how he expects it to work, and why I think it cannot.
Moral Issues in Human Genetics: Counseling or Control?
Authors: Macklin Ruth 
Published: May 2010

… [T]he question “valuable to what end?” is one of extraordinary complexity. For example, something obviously valuable in terms of the longest possible survival of a race (or of its best adaptation to a given climate, or of the preservation of its greatest numbers) would by no means have the same value if it were a question of developing a more powerful type. The welfare of the many and the welfare of the few are radically opposite ends.There is no question that genetic engineering in many forms… will come about. It is a general rule that whatever is scientifically feasible will be attempted. The application of these technics must, however, be examined from the point of view of ethics, individual freedom and coercion. Both the scientists directly involved and, perhaps more important, the political and social leaders of our civilization must exercise utmost caution in order to prevent genetic, evolutionary and social tragedies.
Stephan Körner: Practical Reason
Authors: Gauthier David 
Published: May 2010

This interesting volume (published by Yale University Press, 1974) offers sustenance to almost all who have an appetite for the problems of practical reason. As the Proceedings of the First Bristol Conference on Critical Philosophy, it contains the five papers presented there, with the remarks of commentators and, in three cases, replies. First, the bill of fare.Roderick Chisholm opens with “Practical Reason and the Logic of Requirement”, about which I shall say no more than to quote the beginning of G.E.M. Anscombe's comment: “It is characteristic of Professor Chisholm to carry one always by a succession of small harmless-looking moves which then suddenly enable him to pull out some large kicking rabbits like a conjurer operating with a hat. This time he has produced the large kicking rabbits, but the initial movements do not seem as unsuspicious as usual.” (pp 17–18) Those who like what Chisholm does, will find fine detail in his paper, the comments, and his reply; unfortunately, for me Professor Chisholm's rabbits have the disconcerting invisibility of Harvey.
Some Reflections on Frege: Philosophy Of Language
Authors: Kluge E.-H. W. 
Published: May 2010

Frege: Philosophy of Language (Duckworth, London: 1973; xxv, 698) has been heralded as Michael Dummett's long-awaited magnum opus on Frege. Actually, however, as the author himself tells us, it is only the first of a two-volume series devoted to Frege's philosophy of language and his philosophy of mathematics respectively.The book itself has been long in preparation, the writing of it having been interrupted for several years. This fact could not help but leave some marks on the organization and content of the various chapters. Still, all in all, it presents a remarkably interesting and provocative whole. It is topical, rather than purely genetic in approach, dealing with various fundamental features of Frege's philosophy of language in some 19 chapters; e.g., with his sense-reference distinction, his theory of assertions, his conception of the nature and place of truth-values, propositions and thoughts, his views on quantification and identity, the nature of proper names, his polemic about explicit vs. implicit (contextual) definitions, his theory of incomplete (predicative) expressions, and the like. However, the historical needs of the reader are also well-served.
La pseudo-métaphysique du signe
Authors: Bouchard Guy 
Published: May 2010

Selon Roland Barthes (1964, 103), l'élément commun au champ notionnel au sein duquel le signe rivalise avec le signal, l'indice, l'icône, le symbole et l'allégorie serait que chacun de ces termes renvoie nécessairement à une relation entre deux relata. Mais la seule notion de relation ne suffit pas à caractériser le signe, surtout lorsqu'on lui confère une portée générique en vertu de laquelle il englobe sinon tous, du moins la plupart de ses « rivaux ». Une façon de préciser les choses consiste à déclarer que le signe n'est pas une relation binaire, mais une triade; c'est la voie, on le sait, qu'a préconisée Peirce: « In its genuine form, Thirdness is the triadic relation existing between a sign, its object, and the interpreting thought, itself a sign, considered as constituting the mode of being of a sign »(1966, 8.332). Une autre solution consiste à qualifier les termes de la relation; c'est ce que propose, par exemple, Roman Jakobson:La définition médievale du signe—aliquid stat pro aliquo—que notre époque a ressuscitée, s'est montrée toujours valable et féconde. C'est ainsi que la marque constitutive de tout signe en général, du signe linguistique en particulier, réside dans son caractère double: chaque unité linguistique est bipartite et comporte deux aspects, l'un sensible et l'autre intelligible—d'une part le signans (le signifiant de Saussure), d'autre part le signatum (le signifié). Ces deux éléments constitutifs du signe linguistique (et du signe en général) se supposent et s'appellent nécessairenment l'un l'autre (1968, 162).
Scepticism and the Second Analogy: a modest proposal
Authors: Patten S.C. 
Published: May 2010

Despite Decades of scholarly attention certain sections of Kant's firstCritiquehave proved recalcitrant to received readings, canonical interpretations are impossible to come by. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the literature on Kant's treatment of causality in the Second Analogy, where there exists a controversy of many years standing about the success of Kant's arguments in favour of what has come to be known as ‘the causal principle’. For example, contemporary Kant scholars of stature no less than Lewis White Beck and W.H. Walsh argue that Kant offers a uniquely persuasive case for causation. Other interpreters claim that the materials of the Second Analogy fail utterly to provide what is needed to vindicate judgements of cause and effect in a way that would satisfy the sceptic about causation.2 Thus the despairing conclusion of one recent review of the literature on the Second Analogy:It is possible that there lurks somewhere in the pages of theCritiqueof Pure Reason a convincing reply to Hume's sceptical doubts about the causal principle. But no such reply has yet been brought to light.
Ronald M. Yoshida: “Reduction in The Physical Sciences.” (Philosophy in Canada, Vol. 4) Dalhousie: Dalhousie University Press, 1977. 90 pages
Authors: Hooker Cliff 
Published: May 2010

Yoshida's explicit aim is to defend the standard empiricist model of reduction-bydeduction (SERM hereafter) from recent attacks. Thus the treatment is limited in both scope and orientation.I shall argue that Yoshida does not succeed. The failure is both internal (on his own terms) and external (what is outside his scope).
Abortion and Potential
Authors: Daniels Charles B. 
Published: May 2010

In a recent article “Abortion and Simple Consciousness' (Journal of Philosophy, V. LXXIV, N. 3, pp. 159–172), Werner S. Pluhar puts forward the following view:A few words of explanation are in order. The reasoning can, I think, be summed up as follows: If one thinks that being conscious is what gives beings rights (and this seems to be a fairly common idea), then what justifies preferential treatment for humans as opposed to sentient members of other species? The fact, or so the answer goes, that humans have a higher degree of consciousness than do members of other species. But human fetuses do not have a higher degree of consciousness than, say, adult dogs. What justifies preferential treatment of human fetuses as opposed to adult dogs? The fact that human fetuses have a higher potential for reaching a higher degree of consciousness than do adult dogs. The liberal who holds that future generations have rights, e.g., to a healthy environment, thereby holds that merely potentially conscious beings have rights. If we have a right to life, then future generations also have that right. But fetuses are no less potentially conscious beings than unconceived future generations. So even a liberal must concede that if we have a right to life, fetuses have a right to life, and that it is at least prima facie wrong to destroy them by abortion.
Le réalisme essentiel de Guillaume d'Occam: réponse à M. Panaccio: II
Authors: Galibois Roland 
Published: May 2010

On aura lu dans le présent numéro de Dialogue une longue étude critique, où Claude Panaccio analyse la traduction, par Roland Galibois, du Commentaire d'Occam sur le Livre des Prédicables de Porphyre, ainsi que mon introduction à ce texte.On nous permettra sans doute d'y répondre, et on trouvera ci-après l'excellente justification que R. Galibois donne de sa traduction.
The exhumation of the western Greater Caucasus: a thermochronometric study
Authors: VINCENT STEPHEN J. , CARTER ANDREW , LAVRISHCHEV VLADIMIR A. , RICE SAMUEL P. , BARABADZE TEIMURAZ G. , HOVIUS NIELS 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study provides 39 new thermochronometric analyses from the western part of the Greater Caucasus, a region in which existing data are extremely limited and of questionable quality. The new results are consistent with field studies that identify Triassic to Middle Jurassic (Cimmerian) and Oligo-Miocene (Alpine) orogenic erosional events. An inverse relationship between the fission track and depositional ages of Oligo-Miocene sedimentary samples also implies some degree of Eocene erosion of the Greater Caucasus and intermediate sediment storage. Cooling ages and field relationships within the core of the range, west of Mt Elbrus, require ~5 km of Permo-Triassic exhumation and restrict the overall amount of Cenozoic exhumation to ~2.5 km. Current exhumation rates are typically low, and do not support a Plio-Pleistocene increase in climate-driven denudation. High (~1 km Ma−1) rates of exhumation are restricted to the southern flank of the range in northwest Georgia. Despite a general lack of significant seismicity within the study region, this exhumation peak is close to the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in the Caucasus (Ms = 7.0). This may suggest that exhumation is associated with the decoupling of the sedimentary succession from its crystalline basement in the southern part of the range and the inversion of the largely Jurassic fill of the Greater Caucasus basin. Rates of exhumation are compatible with this being driven by active shortening. Further sampling and analysis are required to provide a higher-resolution, low-temperature thermochronology of Alpine exhumation, to isolate the drivers for Palaeogene Dziruli Massif cooling and uplift, and to constrain better the extent of the current, localized phase of rapid exhumation.
Retirement lifestyles in a niche housing market: park-home living in England
Authors: BEVAN MARK 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTPark homes are a small, niche sector of the United Kingdom housing market. This paper reports a study of 40 residents of park-homes that focused on their motivations for choosing this form of accommodation, and on their views about and experiences of park-home living. Whilst the sector has long provided a low-cost housing option for people of all ages, in recent years it has increasingly aligned itself as a lifestyle choice for older people. Despite their diverse reasons for moving to park homes, most respondents reported very positive experiences of park-home living and shared similar views about the benefits, but there were a few dissenting voices. Two conceptual frameworks are used to help understand the experiences of the respondents. ‘Elective belonging’ offers a way of contextualising the narratives that people articulate about their lifestyle choices and that affirm their sense of biographical continuity even having moved to new locations. This notion also helps frame some of the tensions that arise among the residents. The second framework, ‘biographical disruption’, is a way of framing the stories that the respondents told when their lives had not followed the anticipated trajectory and by which they coped and made sense of the circumstances which soured their chosen lifestyle.
Cultural aspects of music perception: Validation of a Greek version of the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusias
Authors: PARASKEVOPOULOS EVANGELOS , TSAPKINI KYRANA , PERETZ ISABELLE 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDespite music’s universality, people perceive and interpret music according to their cultural background. The existing music perception batteries, however, do not take into account possible cultural differences. We adapted the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusias (MBEA) into the requirements of Eastern (Greek) music, where rhythm and melody scales are different from the ones used in Western music. We obtained norms for both the original version of MBEA and its Greek adaptation from the same Greek participants because they are exposed to both genres (traditional and Eastern). Results indicate that some parts of the original MBEA such as the meter test would not be suitable for evaluating the musical abilities of populations with a different musical tradition. Instead, our version of the MBEA, the Greek Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (GBEA) should be preferred in assessing music perception in cultures or individuals influenced by Eastern or both traditions. We also report the results of a congenitally amusic individual (B.Z.) evaluated with both batteries showing that GBEA is a more sensitive tool to evaluate her impairment in music perception. (JINS, 2010, 16, 695–704.)
A NONCOMMUTATIVE GENERALIZATION OF STONE DUALITY
Authors: Lawson M. V. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe prove that the category of boolean inverse monoids is dually equivalent to the category of boolean groupoids. This generalizes the classical Stone duality between boolean algebras and boolean spaces. As an instance of this duality, we show that the boolean inverse monoid Cn associated with the Cuntz groupoid Gn is the strong orthogonal completion of the polycyclic (or Cuntz) monoid Pn. The group of units of Cn is the Thompson group Vn,1.
Novel Screening Assay Performance in Pediatric Celiac Disease and Adult Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Authors: Jaskowski Troy D , Donaldson Matthew R , Hull Christopher M , Wilson Andrew R , Hill Harry R , Zone John J , Book Linda S 
Published: May 2010

Objectives:Several serologic assays are commercially available to aid in the diagnosis of gluten‐sensitive enteropathy (GSE). Our objective in this study was to assess the performance of a novel combined antigen‐screening assay for GSE.Patients and Methods:Deidentified sera from 111 pediatric patients suspected of having celiac disease (CD), 130 adults diagnosed with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), and 77 pediatric and 49 adult normal controls were included in the study. Sera from 10 patients submitted to our laboratory for GSE testing with IgA deficiency and IgG antibodies against 1 or more of the traditional serologic markers associated with GSE were also included. All sera were screened for antibodies (IgA and IgG) against tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and deamidated gliadin peptides (DGP) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in a single test well. In addition, all sera were assessed for each individual marker and isotype using separate EIAs.Results:The IgA/IgG anti‐tTG/DGP EIA screen was 92.6% sensitive and 94.3% specific in pediatric CD and detected 1 patient (Marsh 3c) who was IgA anti‐tTG negative; this patient was not IgA deficient (<7.0 mg/dL). All 10 IgA‐deficient sera gave positive results by the tTG/DGP EIA screen. Sensitivity and specificity of the tTG/DGP EIA screen in retrospective and prospective DH were 65% and 100% versus 62% and 100%, respectively.Conclusions:The new IgA/IgG anti‐tTG/DGP EIA screen was slightly more sensitive than IgA anti‐tTG alone in pediatric CD. This novel screening assay may allow the current recommendation of measuring total serum IgA in suspected GSE patients to be eliminated.
VSL#3 Improves Symptoms in Children With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Double‐Blind, Crossover Study
Authors: Guandalini Stefano , Magazzù Giuseppe , Chiaro Andrea , La Balestra Valeria , Di Nardo Giovanni , Gopalan Sarath , Sibal A , Romano Claudio , Canani Roberto Berni , Lionetti Paolo , Setty Mala 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and Objectives:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common problem in pediatrics, for which no safe and effective treatment is available. Probiotics have shown some promising results in adult studies, but no positive study has been published on pediatric age. We aimed at investigating the efficacy of VSL#3 in a population of children and teenagers affected by IBS, in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study conducted in 7 pediatric gastroenterology divisions.Patients and Methods:Children 4 to 18 years of age, meeting eligibility criteria, were enrolled. The patients were assessed by a questionnaire for a 2‐week baseline period. They were then randomized to receive either VSL#3 or a placebo for 6 weeks, with controls every 2 weeks. At the end, after a “wash‐out” period of 2 weeks, each patient was switched to the other group and followed for a further 6 weeks.Results:A total of 59 children completed the study. Although placebo was effective in some of the parameters and in as many as half of the patients, VSL#3 was significantly superior to it (P < 0.05) in the primary endpoint, the subjective assessment of relief of symptoms; as well as in 3 of 4 secondary endpoints: abdominal pain/discomfort (P < 0.05), abdominal bloating/gassiness (P < 0.05), and family assessment of life disruption (P < 0.01). No significant difference was found (P = 0.06) in the stool pattern. No untoward adverse effect was recorded in any of the patients.Conclusions:VSL#3 is safe and more effective than placebo in ameliorating symptoms and improving the quality of life in children affected by IBS.