bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of oncological outcomes of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for the management of clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma: a multi‐institutional study
Authors: Ha U‐Syn , Hwang Tae‐Kon , Kim Yong June , Oh Tae Hee , Jeon Youn Soo , Lee Wan , Lim Jae Sung , Lee Tchun Yong , Choi Yunhee , Park Sue K. , Byun Seok‐Soo 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) can be performed by a retroperitoneal approach with similar efficacy compared to the transperitoneal approach. However, the oncological acceptance of LRN has been based on studies which have been carried out primarily by transperitoneal approach, and oncological results of the retroperitoneal approach alone are lacking.Our study confirmed that retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is oncologically‐equivalent to transperitoneal approach in homogeneous group with the final pathological diagnosis of clear cell RCC.OBJECTIVE

To investigate the oncological efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RLRN) compared with transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (TLRN) for the management of clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

With emphasis on survival and disease recurrence, a retrospective analysis was made of 580 patients who underwent TLRN (472 patients) or RLRN (108 patients) at 23 institutions between January 1997 and December 2007.
Inclusion criteria were clear‐cell RCC, stage pT1 to pT2 without any nodal involvement, and metastasis.
Overall survival and recurrence‐free survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.
To assess the association between the surgical approach and survival outcomes, Cox proportional hazard models were constructed.

RESULTS

The median follow‐up was 30 months in the TLRN group and 35.6 months in the RLRN group. Both groups were comparable regarding age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Fuhrman’s grade, size of tumours and stage.
Kaplan–Meier curves and the log‐rank test showed no significant difference between the TLRN and RLRN groups in 5‐year overall (92.6% vs 94.5%; P = 0.669) and recurrence‐free survival (92.0% vs 96.2%; P = 0.244).
In a Cox regression model with age, gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, BMI, nuclear grade and T‐stage adjusted variables, no significant difference was found between the two surgical approaches.

CONCLUSION

The present study is the largest oncological analysis for laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) comparing transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches. The data from it provide the objective evidence to suggest similar oncological outcomes for both approaches to LRN.
A SEMIPARAMETRIC BAYESIAN APPROACH TO NETWORK MODELLING USING DIRICHLET PROCESS PRIOR DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Ghosh Pulak , Gill Paramjit , Muthukumarana Saman , Swartz Tim 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThis paper considers the use of Dirichlet process prior distributions in the statistical analysis of network data. Dirichlet process prior distributions have the advantages of avoiding the parametric specifications for distributions, which are rarely known, and of facilitating a clustering effect, which is often applicable to network nodes. The approach is highlighted for two network models and is conveniently implemented usingWinBUGSsoftware.
Motor development curve from 0 to 12 months in infants born preterm
Authors: Kayenne Martins Roberto Formiga Cibelle , Linhares Maria Beatriz Martins 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim: To trace a reference curve for motor development from birth up to 12 months of corrected chronological age in infants born preterm and low birth weight.Methods: This is a cross‐sectional study with a sample of 308 preterm infants (53% boys) weighing <2500 g at birth. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used for motor development assessment.Results: Comparing the motor performance of preterm infants with infants from a standardized sample on the AIMS, it was found that, except for the age group of the newborn, preterm infants showed lower motor development scores in comparison with the AIMS normative sample in all age groups between 1 and 12 months. The curve of motor development showed a continuous increase in the number of motor skills of preterm infants during their first 12 months of age. However, the average of motor acquisitions of preterm infants showed a nonlinear pattern with a standard indicator of stabilization between 8 and 10 months of age.Conclusion: Preterm infants, 1–12 months of age, showed motor development AIMS scores lower than the standards established in the normative sample. The findings may contribute as norm‐reference for assessing the motor development of preterm infants in follow‐up programmes in developing countries.
Mortality in out‐of‐hospital premature births
Authors: Jones P , Alberti C , Julé L , Chabernaud J‐L , Lodé N , Sieurin A , Dauger S 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  To determine whether the mortality for out‐of‐hospital (OOH) premature births was higher than for in‐hospital premature births and identify additional risk factors.Patients and Methods:  A historical cohort study of a consecutive series of live‐born, OOH, births of 24–35 weeks gestation cared for by two Transport Teams working in and around Paris, France 1994–2005. Matching with in‐hospital births was according to gestational age, antenatal steroid use, the mode of delivery and nearest year of birth.Results:  Eighty‐five OOH premature births were identified, of whom 83 met inclusion criteria, and 132 matching in‐hospital premature births were selected. There was 18% mortality in the OOH group compared with 8% for the in‐hospital group [p = 0.04, OR 2.9, (CI 95% 1.0–8.4)]. Variables significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the OOH birth were HIV infection, lower maternal age and endo‐tracheal intubation, lack of medical follow‐up during pregnancy, low temperature and low birth weight.Conclusions:  Mortality was more than twice as high in out‐of‐hospital deliveries than for in‐hospital matched controls. Hypothermia was an important associated risk factor. Measures such as oxygen administration to maintain an appropriate saturation for gestational age, the provision of polyethylene plastic wraps and skin‐to‐skin contact are recommended.
16S ribosomal DNA analysis and characterization of lactic acid bacteria associated with traditional Tibetan Qula cheese made from yak milk
Authors: TAN Zhongfang , PANG Huili , DUAN Yuheng , QIN Guangyong , CAI Yimin 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTTwenty strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from six traditional Tibetan Qula cheese made from yak which were collected from northwest China, including Tibet, Qinghai and Gansu province. These isolates were subjected to phenotypic and genetic analyses. All isolates were Gram‐positive and catalase‐negative cocci that produced gas from glucose and formed D(–) isomer of lactate. Most isolates were able to grow in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth at pH values 3.0–9.0 and in 6.5% NaCl (w/v). According to analytical profile index 50 carbohydrates (API 50 CH) fermentation patterns of amygdalin and arabinose, these isolates were divided into three groups (A to C). On the basis of the phylogenetic trees of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence, the strains in all groups were placed in the cluster making up the genus Leuconostoc, which showed that all strains should belong to Leuconostoc species. Strains in Group A and Group B exhibited similarity of 16S rDNA sequence of over 99% to Leuconostoc mesenteroides, indicating that they each comprised a single species. Strains in group C were assigned to the Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides and their 16S rDNA sequence showed a similarity of over 99%. This study demonstrated that Leuconostoc was the dominant member among lactic acid bacteria in Qula cheese.
Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia case study
Authors: Friedrich Debra A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract  Purpose: To examine a case of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) in a primary care setting and to review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment guidelines to reduce the mortality related to this disease process. Data Sources: Findings from the history, physical exam, and laboratory results of a young French Canadian male presenting to a primary care office. Evidence‐based literature search included Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, National Lipid Association, and e‐medicine website. Conclusions: Familial hypercholesterolemia is a serious and common genetic disorder that results in premature atherosclerosis. Early screening, detection, and treatment are vital in order to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. Implications for practice: Clinicians need to understand hypercholesterolemia and the atherogenic process. Physical exam and laboratory findings are key to the early identification and intervention for children and adults at risk for early cardiovascular disease.
Central American mothers report family history of depression and alcohol abuse as a predictor of teenage health risk behaviors
Authors: Maradiegue Ann 
Published: September 2010

Abstract  Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of family history of depression and alcohol abuse as a predictor of health risk behaviors among Central American teenagers. Data sources: Demographic data were collected from a convenience sample of 101 Central American mothers with a teenage daughter ages 12–17 years who were living in Northern Virginia. The research questions assessed the family history of depression, alcohol abuse, and maternal depression. Scores were calculated to predict risk of teenage health risk behaviors. Conclusions: The Hispanic mothers in this study reported that their teenagers had significant health risk behaviors, including school dropout and expulsion, alcohol and substance use, pregnancy, and gang membership. Family history of depression and alcohol abuse in a first degree relative predicted teenage risk behavior 71% of the time. Clinical Implications: There is no consensus on a standard screening approach for depression in teenagers. Developing a standardized approach to gathering information from teenagers that includes genetic family traits may have significant effects on interventions for teenage health risk behavior and ways to provide the best services for vulnerable teenagers. The results of this study have implications for nurse practitioners caring for teenagers.
Obesity stigma: A newly recognized barrier to comprehensive and effective type 2 diabetes management
Authors: Teixeira M. Elizabeth , Budd Geraldine M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract  Purpose: The purpose of this article is to increase awareness regarding the social problem of obesity stigma and its effects on persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, practical strategies to dispel stigma and improve diabetes care that nurse practitioners (NPs) can integrate into practice will be introduced. Data sources: Thorough review of the literature was conducted including MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL, spanning the years 1994–2008. Conclusions: Obesity and diabetes are both epidemics that demand immediate attention; however, obesity stigma can act as a barrier to ongoing management of both conditions. Obese patients with T2DM may feel responsible not only for their weight but also their diabetes. Therefore, NPs can employ specific counseling strategies that may be beneficial with T2DM obese patients to improve continuity of care while decreasing weight‐related stigmatization. Implications for practice: Negative attitudes toward obesity by healthcare professionals can act as a barrier to diabetes management. Primary care providers including NPs must begin through self‐reflection to recognize their own attitudes regarding weight‐stigma and how these attitudes may affect their patients. By implementing effective strategies to reduce weight bias, an environment conducive to diabetes and lifestyle modification management may prevent patients from forgoing care.
First return to work following injury: does it reflect a composite or a homogeneous outcome?
Authors: Clay Fiona J , Newstead Stuart V , D'Elia Angelo , McClure Roderick J 
Published: September 2010

ObjectiveTo test whether return to work as a binary (yes/no) outcome that includes all persons who returned to work regardless of mode of return reflects a composite or a homogeneous outcome in a cohort of workers who have sustained acute orthopaedic trauma resulting in hospitalisation.MethodsProspective cohort study. One hundred and sixty-eight participants were recruited and followed for 6 months. The study achieved 89% follow-up. Baseline data were obtained at study recruitment and participants were further surveyed by phone at three timepoints during the study. Polytomous logistic regression was used to simultaneously examine the association between potential predictors and different modes of first return to work (RTW). A test of the equality of the ORs associated with the independent predictor variables was also undertaken.ResultsOf the 152 participants with full follow-up, 46 (30%) returned first to full duties, 58 (38%) returned first to modified work and 48 (32%) did not return to work during the study period. Significant determinants of the two modes of return to work were different. A test of the equality of ORs indicated that the relative ORs for the difference in the slope coefficients for five of the 10 independent factors in the two polytomous logistic regression sub-models corresponding to each mode of return to work were statistically significant. This raises the likelihood that first RTW reflects a composite rather than a homogeneous outcome.ConclusionThe study provides evidence that RTW may reflect a composite outcome when it includes different modes of first RTW. The identified predictive factors appear to exert different mechanisms of action depending on the mode of RTW. The findings suggest that the different modes of RTW may need to be considered independently. The results of the study have potentially important implications for research and insurance practice.
Contesting Promised Land: Moravian Mission Land Conflict in South Africa around 1900
Authors: Henningsen Anne Folke 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAt the Moravian mission station Goshen in South Africa's Eastern Cape, conflicts over land rights between missionaries and dissenting congregants around the turn of the twentieth century, led to court cases between the two parties. Through a case study of such a conflict with ensuing court cases, the strategies and practices of the parties involved are analysed and the impact of the civil disobedience of the dissenting congregants is shown. La station missionnaire morave de Goshen, à l'est du Cap en Afrique du Sud, vit émerger au tournant du vingtième siècle des conflits entre missionnaires et croyants dissidents autour des droits sur la terre, conflits qui entrainèrent les deux parties devant la justice. En étudiant ces conflits et les aff aires judiciaires qui s'ensuivirent, ce texte analyse les stratégies et les pratiques des parties impliquées ainsi que l'impact de la désobéissance civile des croyants dissidents.
Making Sense of Martha: Single Women and Mission Work
Authors: Arrington Andrea 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough there is a large, sophisticated literature on gender and mission work, single women still remain on the periphery of those studies. Through the case of Martha L. Moors, a single American missionary working in Portuguese West Africa (Angola today) in the 1920s, this essay offers an examination of how the two identities of 'single woman' and 'missionary' affected mission culture and work. Single women occupied a tenuous position, as they were often called upon to instruct non-Christian women on the principles of Christian marriage and motherhood. Moors' writings allow for an intimate consideration of how single women fit into mission culture and their reflections of how they serve the missions. Single women had to support the missions in ways that exemplified Christian femininity while lacking the validity of being wives and mothers. Quoique les études sur le genre et la mission soient nombreuses et sophistiquées, les travaux portant sur des femmes célibataires restent marginaux. En étudiant la trajectoire de Martha L. Moors, une missionnaire américaine célibataire ayant travaillé dans les années 1920 en Afrique de l'Ouest Portugaise (aujourd'hui Angola), cet article se penche sur la façon dont les catégories identitaires de « femme célibataire » et de « missionnaire » ont influé sur la culture et le travail des missions. Les femmes célibataires occupaient une place précaire dans la mesure où elles étaient souvent appelées à enseigner à des femmes non-chrétiennes les principes chrétiens du mariage et de la maternité. Les écrits de Moors nous offrent témoignage intime sur l'insertion des femmes célibataires dans la culture de la mission et sur leurs réflexions quant au meilleur moyen de servir celle-ci. Les femmes célibataires devaient soutenir l'effort missionnaire en devenant des exemples de féminité chrétienne tout en ne pouvant pas se prévaloir de la qualité d'épouse et mère.
The Impact of Economic Growth on the Dynamics of Enterprises: Empirical Evidence for Slovenia's Non-agricultural Sector
Authors: Močnik Dijana 
Published: September 2010

The Impact of Economic Growth on the Dynamics of Enterprises: Empirical Evidence for Slovenia's Non-agricultural Sector
The aim of this paper was to test the hypothesized U-shaped relationship between economic development and dynamics of enterprises. The dynamics of enterprises is influenced by the achieved economic development. This paper first analyzed the association between the regional gross value added (GVA) growth rate and different measures of enterprises dynamics from Slovenian data from 2000 to 2005. Our graphical analyses indicated that 1) the rate of gross entry and GVA growth rate were linearly and negatively associated; 2) the association between the rate of gross exit and GVA growth rate is best represented by the downward U-shape function (Ç); and 3) a U-shaped association exists between the rate of net entry and GVA growth rate. The size of the impact was estimated using the regression analysis between the net entries as dependent variable and GVA growth as independent variable that showed the best fit. According to the results, 1) economic growth significantly impacts net entries; 2) the hypothesized U-shaped relationship between net entries and economic growth was confirmed as the Slovenian net entries decrease until the GVA growth rate reaches 10% yet increase when the growth in GVA is higher than 10%; and 3) a ‘natural rate’ of entrepreneurship is to some extent governed by ‘laws’ related to the economic growth rate. The results further indicate that the average net entry rate should be increased by 0.787 units (%) as a result of a region's specific environmental factors. This research confirms the theoretical assumptions that have previously been sparsely tested empirically and even rarely supported by results. Therefore, our results represent a contribution to the robustness of the theoretical as well as empirical clarification of the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic development.
Alliance Networks: the Case of Multinational Corporations
Authors: Sroka Włodzimierz 
Published: September 2010

Alliance Networks: the Case of Multinational Corporations
The article deals with the problems of cooperation in network organizations. The structure of the text is divided into a couple of parts. Firstly, the increasing importance of alliance networks is described. Secondly, the concept of alliance networks as well as the essence of multinational corporations are presented. Beside theoretical deliberations, two practical cases are presented in the text too. First case relates to the Toyota keiretsu and the second one describes the network organization of the largest steel manufacturer in the world, i.e. ArcelorMittal Group. Last part of the text is the comparative analysis of the multinational corporations network vs. networks of small and medium size companies. The similarities as well as differences between both forms were presented. The article is based on the latest world literature devoted to the cooperative strategies as well as the practical business experience of the author from the work in Arcelor Mittal Poland and polish machine industry.
Molecular and neuroimaging findings in pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2 (PCH2): Is prenatal diagnosis possible?
Authors: Graham John M. , Spencer Andrew H. , Grinberg Inessa , Niesen Charles E. , Platt Lawrence D. , Maya Marcel , Namavar Yasmin , Baas Frank , Dobyns William B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe pontocerebellar hypoplasias (PCH) are a group of early‐onset, autosomal recessive disorders resulting in abnormal growth and function of the brainstem and cerebellum. PCH type 2 (PCH2) is characterized by respiratory and feeding difficulties at birth, extrapyramidal dyskinesia, severe developmental impairment, progressive microcephaly and frequent death in childhood. Neuropathologic findings include diffuse cerebral gliosis with white matter changes, hypoplastic pons with depletion of neurons in the pontine nuclei, hypoplastic cerebellar hemispheres due to short cerebellar folia with poor branching, segmental loss of dentate, inferior olivary, and ventral pontine nuclei, and near absence of transverse pontine fibers with preservation of long fiber tracts and spinal anterior horn cells. On brain imaging, the cerebellar hemispheres appear very flat, and are more severely involved than the vermis. Most patients with PCH2 have mutations in TSEN54, with occasional mutations found in TSEN34 or TSEN2, genes that encode subunits of tRNA splicing endonuclease. Although this is a congenital disorder of pontocerebellar dysgenesis with fetal onset of neurodegeneration and symptoms at birth, prenatal imaging is unreliable in diagnosing this disorder in utero. We report on IVF dizygous twins with detailed prenatal imaging that failed to reveal any cerebellar abnormalities. Direct sequence analysis of TSEN54 showed homozygosity for c.919G>T, the common founder mutation in most PCH2 patients, and both parents were heterozygous for this mutation. We found no evidence of cerebellar dysgenesis on prenatal ultrasounds, but MRI tractography showed absence of pontine crossing fibers, a unique feature that might be useful for prenatal diagnosis of this condition. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.