bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Clinical Care Environment
Authors:   Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is effective in the management of type 1 diabetes when implemented in a manner that more closely approximates clinical practice.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
After completion of a 6-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating CGM in children, adolescents, and adults with type 1 diabetes, CGM was initiated in the trial's control group with less intensive training and follow-up than was included in the RCT. Subjects had an outpatient training session, two follow-up phone calls, and outpatient visits at 1, 4, 13, and 26 weeks. For subjects with baseline A1C ≥7.0%, the primary outcome was change in A1C at 6 months.

RESULTS
CGM use decreased from a median of 7.0 days/week in the first month in the ≥25-year-old group, 6.3 days/week in the 15–24 year olds, and 6.8 days/week in the 8–14 year olds to 6.5, 3.3, and 3.7 days/week in the 6th month, respectively (P &lt; 0.001 for each age-group). Among subjects with baseline A1C ≥7.0%, CGM use was associated with A1C reduction after 6 months (P = 0.02 adjusted for age-group). Severe hypoglycemia decreased from 27.7 events per 100 person-years in the 6-month control phase of the RCT to 15.0 events per 100 person-years in the 6-month follow-up CGM phase (P = 0.08).

CONCLUSIONS
Frequent use of CGM in a clinical care setting may improve A1C and reduce episodes of hypoglycemia. However, sustained frequent use of CGM is less likely in children and adolescents than in adults.
Bilateral caudate nucleus infarction resulting from left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Varoglu Asuman 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Bilateral caudate infarct is a very rare neurological situation, usually caused by small-artery disease resulting from a cardiac embolism. The most prominent clinical features of caudate vascular lesions are behavioral and cognitive abnormalities. We report here a case of bilateral infarction of the caudate nucleus and right parietal lobe with loss of consciousness and left hemiparesia resulting from left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). A 50-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with symptoms of mental status change. One day ago before appearing at our clinic, the patient was hospitalized because of food intoxication and diarrhea. Her neurological examination revealed that orientation-cooperation was impaired, and motor weakness was found in the left extremities, predominantly in the upper limb. The lesions detected by CT and MRI were located on the bilateral caudate nucleus and right parietal lobe. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed LVDD. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed as having had an ischemic stroke. Three days after the treatment, all neurological deficits had improved and the patient was discharged. Attending physicians should be alert to the presence of permanent or intermittent complications of LVDD in patients with ischemic cerebral events, especially in patients with the bilateral caudate nucleus infarcts.
Global Units Modulo Circular Units: Descent Without Iwasawa’s Main Conjecture
Authors: Belliard Jean-Robert 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.Iwasawa's classical asymptotical formula relates the orders of the p-parts Xn of the ideal class groups along a ℤp-extension F∞/F of a number field F to Iwasawa structural invariants ƛ and μ attached to the inverse limit X∞ = . It relies on “good” descent properties satisfied by Xn. If F is abelian and F∞ is cyclotomic, it is known that the p-parts of the orders of the global units modulo circular units Un/Cn are asymptotically equivalent to the p-parts of the ideal class numbers. This suggests that these quotientsUn/Cn, so to speak unit class groups, also satisfy good descent properties. We show this directly, i.e., without using Iwasawa's Main Conjecture.
Fundamental Tone, Concentration of Density, and Conformal Degeneration on Surfaces
Authors: Girouard Alexandre 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.We study the effect of two types of degeneration of a Riemannian metric on the first eigenvalue of the Laplace operator on surfaces. In both cases we prove that the first eigenvalue of the round sphere is an optimal asymptotic upper bound. The first type of degeneration is concentration of the density to a point within a conformal class. The second is degeneration of the conformal class to the boundary of the moduli space on the torus and on the Klein bottle. In the latter, we follow the outline proposed by N. Nadirashvili in 1996.
Square Integrable Representations and the Standard Module Conjecture for General Spin Groups
Authors: Kim Wook 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.In this paper we study square integrable representations and L -functions for quasisplit general spin groups over a p-adic field. In the first part, the holomorphy of L -functions in a half plane is proved by using a variant formof Casselman's square integrability criterion and the Langlands–Shahidi method. The remaining part focuses on the proof of the standard module conjecture. We generalize Muić's idea via the Langlands–Shahidimethod towards a proof of the conjecture. It is used in the work of M. Asgari and F. Shahidi on generic transfer for general spin groups.
Interfacial adhesion between polymer separation layer and ceramic support for composite membrane
Authors: Wei Wang , Xia Shanshan , Liu Gongping , Gu Xuehong , Jin Wanqin , Xu Nanping 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn in situ characterization method for mechanical and adhesive properties of organic/ceramic composite membranes is built on the basis of nanoindentation technique in this work. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used as the separation layer with the support of porous ZrO2/Al2O3 ceramic tubes. The effects of roughness of the ceramic support and the viscosity of PDMS solution on the mechanical properties of the PDMS separation layer and the interfacial adhesion at the interface were investigated in detail. It was found that when the roughness of the ceramic support increased and the viscosity of PDMS solution decreased, the interfacial adhesion strength of PDMS/ceramic composite membrane increased, but these two variables had little effect on the mechanical properties of the PDMS separation layer. Our results indicate that the mechanical interlocking dominates the adhesion between the PDMS separation layer and the porous ceramic support. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Childhood conditions and education as determinants of adult height and obesity among Greenland Inuit
Authors: Bjerregaard P. ,   The Greenland Population Study Group
Published: October 2009

AbstractHeight and obesity are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and other physical and mental health conditions. Their association with childhood socioeconomic position has been demonstrated in studies among European and a few third world populations. In a random sample of adult Greenland Inuit (N = 2302) we studied the association between childhood socioeconomic conditions and height as well as prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30) in a cross sectional design. In block recursive graphical independence models, height was associated with mother's place of birth, birth cohort, childhood residence, alcohol problems in childhood home, and education among both men and women. Obesity was associated with mother's place of birth (for men) and with alcohol problems (for women). In General Linear Models, men with an all rural background and no education beyond primary school measured on average 165.1 cm compared with 172.1 cm for men with an all urban background (P < 0.001); women measured 153.9 and 161.1 cm (P < 0.001). Rural‐urban differences in prevalence of obesity were not statistically significant. The height differences were considerably larger than between educational groups in European countries and of the same order of magnitude as those reported between men from the 17th century and men from 400 BC in the European and Mediterranean region. The rural‐urban gradient in height follows the socioeconomic gradient and may negatively affect cardiovascular risk among the rural Greenlanders, while their physically active lifestyle and high consumption of n‐3 fatty acids may counteract this. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does second‐to‐fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) predict age at menarche in women?
Authors: Helle Samuli 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPrenatal steroid levels, estimated as the ratio of second‐to‐fourth digit length (2D:4D), have been related to reproductive success in women, but direct associations between 2D:4D and physiological measures of fertility remain rare. A recent study reported that lower, masculinized right hand 2D:4D was correlated with delayed age at menarche in women. We addressed this question by investigating whether 2D:4D was associated with recalled age at menarche in 282 post‐reproductive Finnish women, using Cox regression model that controlled for a woman's sibling composition, urban or rural residence and temporal trend in menarcheal age. We found no evidence that neither the 2D:4D of the right nor the left hand were related to a woman's age at menarche among these Finnish women. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discrimination, psychosocial stress, and health among Latin American immigrants in Oregon
Authors: McClure Heather H. , Snodgrass J. Josh , Martinez Charles R. , Eddy J. Mark , Jiménez Roberto A. , Isiordia Laura E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChronic psychosocial stress related to discrimination has been shown to be associated with biological measures such as elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), increased body fat, and higher fasting glucose levels. Few studies have examined these relationships in immigrant populations. The present study recruited a sample of 132 Oregon Latino immigrant adults to investigate the relationships between perceived discrimination and several health measures (blood pressure, body mass index [BMI], and fasting glucose). Results indicate that perceived discrimination stress predicted elevated SBP among men but not among women. Perceived discrimination was significantly higher among obese women than among women of normal BMI. The same pattern was not observed for men. Further, a strong trend relationship was detected: the higher women's reported discrimination stress, the higher their fasting glucose levels. Again, this pattern was not observed for men. These results suggest that chronic psychosocial stress plays an important role in disease risk among Latin American immigrants, and that male and female immigrants may have distinctive physiological responses. If confirmed, these findings may have important clinical and public health implications for chronic disease prevention among Latinos. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technical note: Efficiency of total demineralization and ion‐exchange column for DNA extraction from bone
Authors: Seo Seung Bum , Zhang Aihua , Kim Hye Yeon , Yi Jin A , Lee Hye Young , Shin Dong Hoon , Lee Soong Deok 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe investigated whether a combination of recently introduced methods, total demineralization and ion‐exchange columns, would increase DNA recovery from old bone. Ten bone samples taken after a burial period of ∼60 years were used in this study. Bone powder was digested using total or incomplete demineralization. DNA was extracted by the standard organic method. The DNA extract was purified with ion‐exchange columns or QIAquick® spin columns. The efficiency of different DNA extraction methods was compared in terms of DNA concentration, inhibitors generated by real‐time PCR, and conventional STR typing results. The mean DNA concentration using the total demineralization method is ∼3 times higher than that using the incomplete demineralization method. For DNA purification, the method using QIAquick® spin columns appeared to yield approximately double the DNA than the method using ion‐exchange columns. Furthermore, 2 out of 10 samples showed higher levels of inhibition with CT values of IPC ≥30 cycles when using only ion‐exchange columns. In STR results, total demineralization yielded more locus profiles by 4.2 loci than incomplete demineralization, and QIAquick® spin columns also yielded more locus profiles by 3.5 loci than ion‐exchange columns. Total demineralization of bone powder significantly increased DNA yield and improved STR typing results. However, the use of ion‐exchange columns was not efficient when compared with the method using QIAquick® spin columns. It is suggested that the combination of total demineralization and QIAquick® spin columns lead to greatly improved STR typing results. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Binding to dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 determines the disposition of linagliptin (BI 1356) – investigations in DPP‐4 deficient and wildtype rats
Authors: Retlich Silke , Withopf Barbara , Greischel Andreas , Staab Alexander , Jaehde Ulrich , Fuchs Holger 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLinagliptin (BI 1356) is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It exhibits non‐linear pharmacokinetics and shows concentration‐dependent plasma protein binding to its target, DPP‐4. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of saturable binding of linagliptin to plasma and tissue DPP‐4 by comparing the pharmacokinetics of linagliptin in wildtype and DPP‐4 deficient Fischer rats using non‐compartmental and model‐based data analysis. The non‐compartmental analysis revealed a significantly reduced AUC in DPP‐4 deficient rats compared with wildtype rats when single intravenous doses ⩽1 mg/kg were administered, but the exposure was similar in both strains at higher doses. The terminal half‐lives were significantly shorter in DPP‐4 deficient rats compared with wildtype rats. For doses ⩽1 mg/kg, DPP‐4 deficient rats exhibited linear pharmacokinetics, whereas the pharmacokinetics of wildtype rats was non‐linear. In the model‐based analysis these differences could be accounted for by assuming concentration‐dependent protein binding in the central and one peripheral compartment in wildtype rats. In the model, disposition parameters for unbound linagliptin were assumed to be identical in both rat strains. Simulations with different doses of linagliptin and different concentrations of binding sites further illustrated that the interdependence of linagliptin and DPP‐4 in plasma and in the periphery has a major influence on the disposition of linagliptin in wildtype rats. In conclusion, the study showed that the concentration‐dependent binding of linagliptin to its target DPP‐4 has a major impact on the plasma pharmacokinetics of linagliptin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A food safety control low mass‐range proteomics platform for the detection of illicit treatments in veal calves by MALDI‐TOF‐MS serum profiling
Authors: Della Donna Lorenza , Ronci Maurizio , Sacchetta Paolo , Di Ilio Carmine , Biolatti Bartolomeo , Federici Giorgio , Nebbia Carlo , Urbani Andrea 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPerformance enhancing agents (PEAs) are illegally used in cattle and other meat producing species to increase food conversion and lean meat production. Due to the very short breeding cycle, veal calves represent the meat producing bovine category mostly subjected to illicit treatments. These chemical agents are difficult to detect by conventional analytical approaches due to the employment of synergistic formulations at very low dosage and given the use of uncharacterized novel compounds. Such a scenario has fostered a strong interest in the discovery of functional molecular biomarkers for the detection of growth promoting agents in meat producing species. A multivariate MALDI‐TOF‐MS proteomics platform has been developed using bovine serum samples. Analytical performances have been thoroughly evaluated in order to enable reproducible profiles from 10 μL sera samples. We propose univariate and multivariate discrimination models capable to identify calves undergoing illicit treatments. In particular, we found a strong discrimination power associated with a polypeptide fragment from β2‐glycoprotein‐I. We provide a fundamental proof of concept in the potential application of MALDI‐TOF‐MS proteomics profiling in the food safety control.
Industrial biotechnology: Tools and applications
Authors: Tang Weng Lin , Zhao Huimin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIndustrial biotechnology involves the use of enzymes and microorganisms to produce value‐added chemicals from renewable sources. Because of its association with reduced energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and waste generation, industrial biotechnology is a rapidly growing field. Here we highlight a variety of important tools for industrial biotechnology, including protein engineering, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, systems biology, and downstream processing. In addition, we show how these tools have been successfully applied in several case studies, including the production of 1, 3‐propanediol, lactic acid, and biofuels. It is expected that industrial biotechnology will be increasingly adopted by chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural industries.
Biosynthesis of Sb2O3 nanoparticles: A low‐cost green approach
Authors: Jha Anal K. , Prasad Kamlesh , Prasad K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA low‐cost green and reproducible microbe (Lactobacillus sp.)‐mediated biosynthesis of Sb2O3 nanoparticles is reported. The synthesis was performed at around room temperature. X‐ray and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed to ascertain the formation of Sb2O3 nanoparticles. X‐ray analysis indicated that Sb2O3 nanoparticles had a face‐centered cubic unit cell structure. Individual nanoparticles as well as a few aggregates of 3–12 nm were found. A possible mechanism for the synthesis of nano Sb2O3 is proposed.
Statistical aspects of design and validation of microtitre‐plate‐based linear and non‐linear parallel in vitro bioassays
Authors: Zimmermann Hanne , Gerhard Daniel , Dingermann Theo , Hothorn Ludwig A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAssay validation was performed using four consecutive experiments with the related statistical evaluation. A cell‐based assay on microtitre plates measured repeatedly within 1 day and on consecutive days was chosen as the model. The following problems were addressed: (i) choosing an appropriate design on a plate to avoid heterogeneities, (ii) quantification of all sources of variability and (iii) selecting between linear and non‐linear parallel line assays. A mixed model was used with the random factors: rows, columns and plates and fixed effect factors with either linear or non‐linear parallel line models.
The Effect of Confined Space on the Growth of Naphthalenic Species in a Chabazite‐Type Catalyst: A Molecular Modeling Study
Authors: Hemelsoet Karen , Nollet Arno , Vandichel Matthias , Lesthaeghe David , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Waroquier Michel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMethylation reactions of naphthalenic species over the acidic microporous zeolite with chabazite topology have been investigated by means of two‐layered ab initio computations. Large cluster results combined with van der Waals contributions provide thermodynamic and kinetic results of successive methylation steps. The growth of fused bicyclic species is important as these can act as hydrocarbon pool species within the methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) process, but ultimately leads to the deactivation of the catalyst. The influence of the confined space of the zeolite pore on the resulting transition state or product shape selectivity is investigated in detail.
Oligothiophenes Nano‐organized on a Cyclotetrasiloxane Scaffold as a Model of a Silica‐Bound Monolayer: Evidence for Intramolecular Excimer Formation
Authors: Mróz Wojciech , Bombenger Jean Philippe , Botta Chiara , Orbelli Biroli Alessio , Pizzotti Maddalena , De Angelis Filippo , Belpassi Leonardo , Tubino Riccardo , Meinardi Francesco 
Published: October 2009

AbstractExcimer formation in a new class of terthiophene‐based fluorophores covalently bonded to a cyclotetrasiloxane scaffold has been demonstrated and the photophysical process ruling it has been investigated in detail and modeled theoretically. In contrast to the conventional systems in which long‐living fluorophores such as pyrene are linked in the same molecule, an excimer is formed only when two terthiophene‐based branches nano‐organized on the same cyclotetrasiloxane scaffold are close enough together when excitation takes place. In such a case, excimer formation is extremely efficient, and the new bound excited states are quite stable.
A new color image space HRU related to the CIEL*a*b* color space
Authors: Kuo Wen‐Guey 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe color image space with one kind of merit color image scales (WIP) is derived using the psychophysical method of magnitude estimation method, usually used in visual assessment of color appearance, which can be used to describe the color image meanings of colors of works of art in parallel with those of people. The results show that a new color image space HRU is developed, and the relativity between this space and the CIEL*a*b* color space is also discussed. And, a good relationship between the HRU color image space and the CIEL*a*b* color space can be found. This may be of great advantage to the new color image space HRU in predicting the color image for single color based on the color space CIEL*a*b*. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 452–457, 2009
Deducing ink thickness variations by a spectral prediction model
Authors: Hersch Roger D. , Brichon Mathieu , Bugnon Thomas , Amrhyn Peter , Crété Frederique , Mourad Safer , Janser Hebert , Jiang Yufan , Riepenhoff Matthias 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMost existing techniques for regulating the ink flow in offset presses rely on density measurements carried out on specially printed patches. In the present contribution, we develop a methodology to deduce ink thickness variations from spectral measurements of multichromatic halftone patches located within the printed page. For this purpose, we extend the Clapper‐Yule spectral reflectance prediction model by expressing the transmittance of the colorants composed of superposed inks as a function of the ink transmittances and of fitted ink layer thicknesses. We associate to each ink an ink thickness variation factor. At print time, this ink thickness variation factor can be fitted to minimize a difference metric between predicted reflection spectrum and measured reflection spectrum. The ink thickness variations deduced from multichromatic halftones allow to clearly distinguish between normal ink volume, reduced ink volume, or increased ink volume. This information can then be used for performing control operations on the printing press. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 432–442, 2009
Energy Transport along Conjugated Polymer Chains with Extended Radiative Lifetimes: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Van Averbeke Bernard , Beljonne David 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe ability to improve exciton diffusion lengths is a key issue in optimizing many opto‐electronic devices based on conjugated polymers. On the basis of quantum‐chemical calculations, we investigate a strategy consisting of extending the radiative lifetime of energy carriers through incorporation along the polymer backbone of repeating units with forbidden optical transition. The results obtained for poly(p‐phenylenebutadiyne), PPE, and poly(p‐triphenylenebutadiyne), PTPE, show that the larger number of hops performed by the electronic excitations during their lifetime in PTPE is compensated by the smaller hopping length (associated with the reduced conjugation length), so that similar on‐chain diffusion lengths are predicted in both polymers.