bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WASH and WAVE actin regulators of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family are controlled by analogous structurally related complexes
Authors: Jia Da , Gomez Timothy S. , Metlagel Zoltan , Umetani Junko , Otwinowski Zbyszek , Rosen Michael K. , Billadeau Daniel D. 
Published: May 2010

We recently showed that the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family member, WASH, localizes to endosomal subdomains and regulates endocytic vesicle scission in an Arp2/3-dependent manner. Mechanisms regulating WASH activity are unknown. Here we show that WASH functions in cells within a 500 kDa core complex containing Strumpellin, FAM21, KIAA1033 (SWIP), and CCDC53. Although recombinant WASH is constitutively active toward the Arp2/3 complex, the reconstituted core assembly is inhibited, suggesting that it functions in cells to regulate actin dynamics through WASH. FAM21 interacts directly with CAPZ and inhibits its actin-capping activity. Four of the five core components show distant (approximately 15% amino acid sequence identify) but significant structural homology to components of a complex that negatively regulates the WASP family member, WAVE. Moreover, biochemical and electron microscopic analyses show that the WASH and WAVE complexes are structurally similar. Thus, these two distantly related WASP family members are controlled by analogous structurally related mechanisms. Strumpellin is mutated in the human disease hereditary spastic paraplegia, and its link to WASH suggests that misregulation of actin dynamics on endosomes may play a role in this disorder.
Membrane domain structures of three classes of histidine kinase receptors by cell-free expression and rapid NMR analysis
Authors: Maslennikov Innokentiy , Klammt Christian , Hwang Eunha , Kefala Georgia , Okamura Mizuki , Esquivies Luis , Mörs Karsten , Glaubitz Clemens , Kwiatkowski Witek , Jeon Young Ho , Choe Senyon 
Published: May 2010

NMR structural studies of membrane proteins (MP) are hampered by complications in MP expression, technical difficulties associated with the slow process of NMR spectral peak assignment, and limited distance information obtainable for transmembrane (TM) helices. To overcome the inherent challenges in the determination of MP structures, we have developed a rapid and cost-efficient strategy that combines cell-free (CF) protein synthesis, optimized combinatorial dual-isotope labeling for nearly instant resonance assignment, and fast acquisition of long-distance information using paramagnetic probes. Here we report three backbone structures for the TM domains of the three classes of
Escherichia coli
histidine kinase receptors (HKRs). The ArcB and QseC TM domains are both two-helical motifs, whereas the KdpD TM domain comprises a four-helical bundle with shorter second and third helices. The interhelical distances (up to 12 Å) reveal weak interactions within the TM domains of all three receptors. Determined consecutively within 8 months, these structures offer insight into the abundant and underrepresented in the Protein Data Bank class of 2–4 TM crossers and demonstrate the efficiency of our CF combinatorial dual-labeling strategy, which can be applied to solve MP structures in high numbers and at a high speed. Our results greatly expand the current knowledge of HKR structure, opening the doors to studies on their widespread and pharmaceutically important bacterial signaling mechanism.
Changes in the Incidences of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Organisms Isolated in a Military Medical Center
Authors: Keen Edward F. , Murray Clinton K. , Robinson Brian J. , Hospenthal Duane R. , A. Co Edgie-Mark , Aldous Wade K. 
Published: May 2010

Background.Multidrug-resistant (MDR)Acinetobacter baumanniiandPseudomonas aeruginosahave emerged as the causes of nosocomial infections in critically ill patients.Objective.To characterize the incidence of these MDR bacteria over time in the military healthcare system, comparing isolates recovered from overseas combat casualties with isolates recovered from local military and civilian patients.Methods.Retrospective electronic records review of culture and/or susceptibility testing results of patients admitted to a military level I trauma center in San Antonio, Texas, during the period from January 2001 through December 2008. Multidrug resistance was defined as the first isolated organism resistant to 3 or more classes of antimicrobial agents.Results.Over time, the percentage of MDRA. baumanniiisolates increased from 4% to 55%, whereas the percentage of MDRP. aeruginosaisolates increased from 2% to 8%. Respiratory tract specimens had a higher percentage of MDRA. baumanniiisolates (49%), compared with specimens obtained from blood (30%), wound sites (24%), or urine (19%). No difference in the percentages of MDRP. aeruginosaisolates was observed with regard to source of specimen. The percentage of MDRA. baumanniiisolates recovered was higher among patients who had been deployed overseas (52%) than among local patients (20%). When isolates recovered from patients in the burn intensive care unit (53% of MDRA. baumanniiisolates) were removed from analysis, the percentage of MDRA. baumanniiisolates decreased from 38% to 30% while the percentage of MDRP. aeruginosaisolates remained unaffected.Conclusion.The percentage of MDRA. baumanniiisolates increased in this facility among combat casualties and among local patients, which indicates nosocomial transmission; however, there was no significant increase in the percentage of MDRP. aeruginosaisolates. Isolated changes in the MDR pathogens within a facility can occur. Possible interventions to limit the spread of these organisms could include implementing aggressive infection control practices, controlling antibiotic use, and using active culture surveillance.
Implications of fisheries-induced changes in stock structure and reproductive potential for stock recovery of a sex-dimorphic species, North Sea plaice
Authors: Rijnsdorp Adriaan D. , van Damme Cindy J. G. , Witthames Peter R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Rijnsdorp, A. D., van Damme, C. J. G., and Witthames, P. R. 2010. Implications of fisheries-induced changes in stock structure and reproductive potential for stock recovery of a sex-dimorphic species, North Sea plaice. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1931–1938. A key assumption in stock assessment and stock forecasts often is that spawning-stock biomass (SSB) and egg production are proportional and that the reproductive potential is independent of stock structure (age composition and sex ratio). Based on a 60-year time-series of total egg production (TEP) of North Sea plaice, we demonstrate that this assumption could result in a biased perception of the temporal trend in reproductive potential. The time-series incorporates: (i) annual observations on maturity, growth, and condition, (ii) a predictive model for interannual variations in fecundity caused by variations in body condition and by the probability of being a recruit spawner, and (iii) a cohort analysis of sex-specific landings-at-age since 1948. Following an increase in fishing mortality rate, TEP declined by a factor of 7–8 from a peak in the 1970s to a minimum in 1999–2000. Concurrent with this decline, the contribution of recruit spawners and the size difference between spawning males and females decreased. The implications of phenotypic plasticity and fisheries-induced evolutionary changes in growth and maturation for the recovery potential of the plaice stock are discussed.
Fluid dynamics and subsurface sediment mobilization processes: an overview from Southeast Caribbean
Authors: Deville Éric , Guerlais Sophie‐Hélène , Lallemant Siegfried , Schneider Frédéric 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the origin and the dynamics of subsurface sediment mobilization processes in tectonically mobile regions and shale‐rich environment. This is illustrated by the example of Trinidad and the south of the Barbados prism. In this area of the southeast Caribbean, geophysical acquisitions have spectacularly shown the widespread development of sediment mobilization features in the interference area between the southern part of the Barbados prism and the active turbidite system of the Orinoco. Numerous mud volcanoes are especially developed along ramp anticline crests through hydraulic fracture systems. The area also exhibits trends of structures that correspond to massive uplifts of well‐preserved turbidite and hemipelagic sediments that cut up the surrounding sediments. Some of these structures are complicated by the development of collapse structures, calderas and superimposed mud volcanoes. The mobilized sediments expelled by the mud volcanoes are not only liquefied argillaceous but also fine sandy material from deep horizons, and various shallower formations pierced by the mud conduits. Both in the Barbados prism and in Trinidad, the expelled mud is rich in thin, angular and mechanically damaged quartz grains, which are probably cataclastic flows issued from sheared and collapsed deep sandy reservoirs. The exotic clasts and breccias result mostly from hydraulic fracturing. In Trinidad, the gas phase is mainly deep thermogenic methane associated with hydrocarbon generation at depth. Subsurface sediment mobilization notably differs from salt mobilization by the role taken by the fluid dynamics that control overpressured shale mobilization and induce sediment liquefaction. A reaction chain of several deformation processes develops around the conduits. Massive sedimentary uplift corresponds to large movements of stratified solid levels, possibly due to the tectonic inversion of pre‐existing mud volcano systems. All these phenomena are controlled by the development of overpressure at depth. No evidence for piercing shale diapirs has been observed in the area studied.
Autonomy, evidence and intuition: nurses and decision‐making
Authors: Traynor Michael , Boland Maggie , Buus Niels 
Published: May 2010

traynor m., boland m. & buus n. (2010) Autonomy, evidence and intuition: nurses and decision‐making. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1584–1591.AbstractTitle.  Autonomy, evidence and intuition: nurses and decision‐making. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to examine how nurses represent professional clinical decision‐making processes, and to determine what light Jamous and Peloille’s ‘Indeterminacy/Technicality ratio’ concept can shed on these representations.Background.  Classic definitions of professional work feature autonomy of decision‐making and control over the field of work. Sociologists Jamous and Peloille have described professional work as being high in ‘indeterminacy’ (the use of tacit judgements) relative to technicality (activity able to be codified). The rise of the evidence‐based practice movement has been seen as increasing the realm of technical decision‐making in healthcare, and it is relevant to analyse nurses’ professional discourse and study how they respond to this increase.Method.  Three focus groups with qualified nurses attending post‐qualifying courses at a London university were held in 2008. Participants were asked to talk about influences on their decision‐making. The discussions were tape‐recorded, transcribed and subjected to discourse analysis.Findings.  Participants described their decision‐making as influenced by both indeterminate and technical features. They acknowledged useful influences from both domains, but pointed to their personal ‘experience’ as the final arbiter of decision‐making. Their accounts of decision‐making created a sense of professional autonomy while at the same time protecting it against external critique.Conclusion.  Pre‐ and post‐registration nurse education could encourage robust discussion of the definition and roles of ‘irrational’ aspects of decision‐making and how these might be understood as components of credible professional practice.
Nurses’ intention to leave the profession: integrative review
Authors: Flinkman Mervi , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Salanterä Sanna 
Published: May 2010

flinkman m., leino‐kilpi h. & salanterä s. (2010) Nurses’ intention to leave the profession: integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1422–1434.AbstractTitle.  Nurses’ intention to leave the profession: integrative review. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to (1) review and critique the published empirical research on nurses’ intention to leave the profession and (2) synthesize the findings across studies.Background.  Lack of nurses and nurse turnover represent problems for the healthcare system in terms of cost, the ability to care for patients and the quality of care. At a time of current nursing shortage, it is important to understand the reasons why nurses intend to leave the profession.Data sources.  A review was conducted through an initial search of MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO computerized databases for the period from 1995 to July 2009. The keywords for the search were: Nurs* AND (Personnel turnover OR Career Mobility). Research on nurses’ organizational turnover was excluded.Review methods.  An integrative literature review was carried out using Cooper’s five‐stage methodology provided a framework for data collection, analysis and synthesis.Results.  A total of 31 studies matching the inclusion criteria were identified. Variety in samples, measurement instruments and measures of intention to leave led to difficulties when attempting to compare or generalize study findings. A number of variables influencing nurses’ intention to leave the profession were identified, including demographic, work‐related and individual‐related variables.Conclusions.  Further research is needed using sound measurement instruments, consistent measures of leaving intention and more rigorous sampling. More in‐depth research is needed to give nurses opportunities to explain in their own words the reasons for their intentions to leave.
Nurse‐led clinics for strict hypertension control are effective long term: a 7 year follow‐up study
Authors: Woodward A. , Wallymahmed M. , Wilding J. P. , Gill G. V. 
Published: May 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 933–937 (2010)AbstractAims  The primary aim was to assess long‐term blood pressure in 110 patients with Type 2 diabetes who had achieved optimal blood pressure control during attendance at a protocol‐based nurse‐led hypertension intensive intervention clinic 7 years previously. The secondary aim was to assess modifiable cardiovascular risk factor status.Methods  One hundred and ten patients who attended the clinic during 2000–2002 were selected to reattend to have their blood pressure measured to the same standard as it was during the intensive intervention clinic, by the same specialist nurse. Treatment details were recorded.Results  Of the 110 patients, 36 (33%) had died; 69 (63%) of the remaining 74 patients were eligible to be contacted by letter; and 35 (51%) agreed to reattend. Age was 70 ± 9 years; 21 (60%) were male; and the duration of diabetes was 17 ± 7 years. Compared with 7 years previously, there was no difference in blood pressure control (systolic 130 ± 17 vs. 131 ± 16 mmHg, P = 0.62; diastolic 68 ± 9 vs. 65 ± 9 mmHg, P = 0.11). The number of patients with blood pressure <130/80 mmHg remained the same: 17 (49%) vs. 17 (49%; P > 0.99). During the 7 year period, 14 (40%) vs. 20 (57%) had macrovascular disease (P = 0.23), and 14 (40%) vs. 19 (54%) microvascular disease (P = 0.33). Thirteen (37%) vs. 18 (51%) were taking three or more antihypertensive drugs (P = 0.33), and 26 (74%) vs. 28 (80%) angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (P = 0.77).Conclusions  Optimal blood pressure control was sustained with no significant changes to antihypertensive medication, demonstrating the effectiveness of a protocol‐based nurse‐led clinic in achieving strict BP control.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms in a white European and South Asian population with impaired glucose regulation and screen‐detected Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comparison of two screening tools
Authors: Aujla N. , Skinner T. C. , Khunti K. , Davies M. J. 
Published: May 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 896–905 (2010)AbstractAims  To compare the identification of prevalent depressive symptoms by the World Health Organization‐5 Wellbeing Index (WHO‐5) and Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) for South Asian and white European people, male and female, attending a diabetes screening programme, and to explore the adequacy of the screening tools for this population. An additional aim was to further explore associations of depressive symptoms with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type2 DM).Methods  Eight hundred and sixty‐four white European (40–75 years old) and 290 South Asian people (25–75 years old) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), detailed history and anthropometric measurements and completed the WHO‐5 and CES‐D. Depressive symptoms were defined by a WHO‐5 score ≤ 13, and CES‐D score ≥ 16.Results  Unadjusted prevalence of depressive symptoms with the WHO‐5, for people with Type2 DM was 42.3% (47.4% in white European; 28.6% in South Asian) and for IGR 30.7% (26% in white European; 45.8% in South Asian). With the CES‐D, the prevalence in Type2 DM was 27.2% (25.4% in white European; 31.8% in South Asian) and for IGR 30.7% (27.8% in white European; 40.7% in South Asian). Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms for sex or ethnicity were not identified. Odds ratios adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity showed no significant association of depression with Type2 DM or IGR, with either WHO‐5 or CES‐D. Agreement was moderate (κ = 0.48, 95% confidence intervals 0.42–0.54), and reduced when identifying depressive symptoms in people with Type2 DM. For this group, a WHO‐5 cut‐point of ≤ 10 was optimal.Conclusions  Depressive symptoms, identified by WHO‐5 or CES‐D, were not significantly more prevalent in people with Type2 DM or IGR. The WHO‐5 and CES‐D differed in their identification of depressive symptoms in people with Type2 DM, though discrepancies between sex and ethnicity were not identified.
Could different environmental conditions select for different flight characteristics in sexual and asexual parasitoid Venturia canescens?
Authors: Lukáš Jan , Bernstein Carlos , Gu Hainan , Dorn Silvia 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the parasitoid Venturia canescens Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), asexual and sexual wasps coexist in the field in the Mediterranean basin, but only the asexual strain is present indoors. The sexual strain dominates outdoors despite the demographic costs associated with the production of males and mate location. The present study tests whether females of the sexual and asexual strains of V. canescens differ in flight characteristics in line with the differences of their preferred habitats and enquires whether these differences might contribute to the persistence of sexually reproducing individuals in the vicinity of asexual counterparts. The results show that sexual female wasps are smaller than their asexual counterparts. The size of wasps has a strong influence on flight parameters, with larger animals generally being better fliers. In wasps of approximately the same size, sexual wasps fly faster than their asexual counterparts under experimental laboratory conditions, in terms of both the average speed over the observation period as well as the longest single flight. Sexual wasps also perform fewer flights to cover the same distance. Sexual wasps have higher wing loading than asexual ones of the same size, which could have contributed to the observed differences in speed between individuals of both reproductive modes. There are no significant differences between the two reproductive modes in the parameters related to the distance traversed or the time spent in flight. This study shows clear differences in the flight behaviour of sexual and asexual V. canescens. Together with previous results, this finding suggests differential adaptations to their preferred habitats. These differences might ease the competition between modes of reproduction through niche and habitat differentiation and might help to explain their coexistence on a geographical scale.
Iodide/Iodate Chemical Actinometry Using Spherical Vessels for Radiation Exposure as well as for Monitoring Absorbance Changes
Authors: Rahn Ronald O. , Echols Stanley 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSpherical quartz vessels containing an iodide/iodate chemical actinometer are useful for measuring the fluence of omnidirectional germicidal radiation. It is shown here that such vessels can be used not only for exposure purposes but also for measuring the absorbance of the resulting triiodide endpoint. A hand‐held commercially available colorimeter using a 420 nm LED light source was adapted to hold the spheres in the optical light path. The absorbance at 420 nm obeyed Beer’s Law and the dose response showed linear kinetics following irradiation at 254 nm. The determination of the fluence obtained in this manner was consistent with that obtained following transfer of the contents of the spheres to a 1 cm cuvette and measuring the absorbance at 352 nm in a conventional spectrophotometer. Hence, dose response data can be obtained making absorbance measurements on the same sample following sequential or continuous irradiation. Furthermore, because the expression for the fluence is independent of the radius of the sphere, there is no need to measure and keep track of the volume of each sphere, thus simplifying the experimental procedure. Furthermore, the use of an inexpensive colorimeter circumvents the need for a more expensive spectrophotometer and allows measurements to be made in the field.
Fiber‐optic Singlet Oxygen [1O2 (1Δg)] Generator Device Serving as a Point Selective Sterilizer
Authors: Aebisher David , Zamadar Matibur , Mahendran Adaickapillai , Ghosh Goutam , McEntee Catherine , Greer Alexander 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTraditionally, Type II heterogeneous photo‐oxidations produce singlet oxygen via external irradiation of a sensitizer and external supply of ground‐state oxygen. A potential improvement is reported here. A hollow‐core fiber‐optic device was developed with an “internal” supply of light and flowing oxygen, and a porous photosensitizer‐end capped configuration. Singlet oxygen was delivered through the fiber tip. The singlet oxygen steady‐state concentration in the immediate vicinity of the probe tip was ca 20 fm by N‐benzoyl‐dl‐methionine trapping. The device is portable and the singlet oxygen‐generating tip is maneuverable, which opened the door to simple disinfectant studies. Complete Escherichia coli inactivation was observed in 2 h when the singlet oxygen sensitizing probe tip was immersed in 0.1 mL aqueous samples of 0.1–4.4 × 107 cells. Photobleaching of the probe tip occurred after ca 12 h of use, requiring baking and sensitizer reloading steps for reuse.