bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic glycerolysis production of flaxseed oil‐based diacylglycerol in a bubble column reactor and its heat treatment stability
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Ke Wanting , Lee Yee‐Ying , Cheng Jianqiang , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStructured lipid diacylglycerol (DAG) synthesis employing bubble column reactor (BCR) is a recent and promising approach used to replace the conventional stirred tank reactor for upscaling purpose. BCR offers great economic benefits in the long run. In the present study, a screened Lecitasse® Ultra (LU) lipase was immobilized (LXTE‐LU) and used repetitively in both BCR and stirring system reactor (STR) to catalyze the glycerolysis of flaxseed oil for the preparation of DAG. The BCR system was found to prolong the lipase shelf life, maintaining 69% of catalytic activity after 10 cycles. The reaction products were purified by molecular distillation to obtain DAG‐40 and DAG‐80. Monitoring of processing contaminants and phytonutrients during the heat treatment of flaxseed oil and flaxseed oil DAG products revealed that prolonged heat treatment significantly increased glycidyl esters levels while short‐term stir‐frying did not significantly affect the levels of processing contaminants levels. However, prolonged heat treatment destroyed phytonutrients. Meanwhile, the oxidation kinetic study showed that the DAG samples fitted well with the zero‐order reaction kinetic model, and the oxidation rate of DAG was lower than that of flaxseed oil. Additionally, the antioxidant effect increased with higher DAG content, indicating that DAG could effectively retard lipid oxidation and improve the stability of the oxidation process. These stabilities suggest the potential application of polyunsaturated DAG in food processing systems.
Screening of vegetable drying oils as potential self‐healing agents for smart anticorrosive coatings
Authors: Nunes F. G. , Bendinelli E. V. , Aoki I. V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe microencapsulation of vegetable drying oils is an established strategy to develop smart coatings with self‐healing properties. The literature has mostly focused on evaluating linseed oil (LO) and tung oil (TO) as self‐healing agents. There is a lack of studies regarding the application of other drying oils in smart coatings and a comparison between different vegetable oils as self‐healing agents has yet to be carried out. In this work, the self‐healing potential of different seed oils was assessed in terms of their drying and anticorrosive properties. The investigation was focused on chia oil (CO), dehydrated castor oil (DCO), LO, and TO. Drying times were assessed under different cobalt (Co) drier contents. Drying kinetics was carried out by monitoring changes in viscosity with time and following the evolution of infrared spectra during drying. Barrier properties of the polymerized oil‐based coatings were assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of carbon steel coated samples during immersion in 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution. It was found that the type of oil and concentration of drier play an important role on favoring the self‐healing effect. The concentration of 0.2 wt% Co was found optimum for encapsulation to accelerate self‐healing, as oils dry up to three times faster in comparison with the lowest drier content studied (0.025 wt% Co). TO obtained the best drying properties, with set‐to‐touch times around 1 h and rapidly forming a tack‐free film, however, TO coatings ended up being extremely cracked, which compromised its barrier properties. LO obtained the slowest drying, while CO and DCO exhibited intermediate drying between TO and LO. DCO showed the best anticorrosive properties among investigated oils, as its coating was the only one that did not show any decrease in impedance with time, whereas TO and LO coatings presented a decrease in up to one order of magnitude in impedance. Overall, the good drying and barrier properties of DCO strongly stimulate its use as feedstock for self‐healing coatings. Results are discussed in terms of fatty acid composition and oxidative polymerization mechanisms. Conclusions help with the selection of seed oils as self‐healing agents that can further extend the lifetime of anticorrosive coatings.
Blue fluorescent waterborne polyurethane‐based transition metal complexes with antibacterial activity
Authors: Hu Hongrui , Cheng Bo , Yang Mingdi , Zhang Kehua , Chen Jianli , Wang Ping , Yang Yuqing , Ding Yunsheng , Gong Chengbing , Hu Xianhai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEfficient and stable blue fluorescent materials are the key components of light‐emitting devices and have received wide attention. Herein, transition metal complexes Zn(5‐AQ)2, Cu(5‐AQ)2, and Cd(5‐AQ)2 are prepared by using 5‐aminoquinoline (5‐AQ) as ligand and Zn2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ as the central ions, respectively. Then, waterborne polyurethane (WPU)‐based transition metal complexes Zn(5‐AQ)2‐WPU, Cu(5‐AQ)2‐WPU, and Cd(5‐AQ)2‐WPU with different emission wavelengths of blue fluorescence are prepared by bonding Zn(5‐AQ)2, Cu(5‐AQ)2, and Cd(5‐AQ)2 to polyurethane chains as chain extenders, respectively. Noteworthily, with the increase of transition metal ion radius (Zn2+ < Cu2+ < Cd2+), the fluorescence emission wavelengths of the complexes showed different degrees of blue‐shift, and the blue‐shifted wavelengths showed a decreasing trend. Importantly, their fluorescence colors are blue‐shifted from blue‐green to blue with different emission wavelengths after accessing the polyurethane backbone, which has potential applications in the field of tuning white LED materials. The thermal decomposition temperatures of Zn(5‐AQ)2‐WPU, Cu(5‐AQ)2‐WPU, and Cd(5‐AQ)2‐WPU are above 220°C with good thermal stability, and their fluorescence lifetimes are prolonged by 8.817, 8.896, and 6.489 ns, respectively, compared with the complexes. Furthermore, WPU transition metal complexes with water as a dispersive medium have an antibacterial efficiency of up to 100% against Escherichia coli, which is an environmentally friendly antibacterial material with broad application prospects.
Forging a successful preschool policy coalition: The China experience
Authors: Fan Xin , Nyland Chris , Nyland Berenice , Long Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn 2010, Chinaʼs government promulgated policies that, within a decade, saw early childhood education universalised across China. In this mixed‐method study, we examine how a preschool advocacy coalition convinced the government to embrace these policies at a time when China was classified as a low and middle‐income country by the World Bank. We posit that, in large part, this was because advocates combined both moral and economic development arguments and, by so doing, built a coalition that included educators, parents and actors with the influence and political skills required to provide coordinated leadership and governance.
Addition of quantitative MRI to the routine clinical care of patients with multiple sclerosis—Results from the MAGNON project
Authors: Leussink Verena Isabell , Jankovic Manda , Groth Marie , Schuh Katrin , Sauerbeck Inessa Schwab , Hoffmann Olaf 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe revised Lublin classification offers a framework for categorizing multiple sclerosis (MS) according to the clinical course and imaging results. Diagnosis of secondary progressive MS (SPMS) is often delayed by a period of uncertainty. Several quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) markers are associated with progressive disease states, but they are not usually available in clinical practice.MethodsThe MAGNON project enrolled 629 patients (early relapsing‐remitting MS (RRMS), n = 51; RRMS with suspected SPMS, n = 386; SPMS, n = 192) at 55 centers in Germany. Routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at baseline and after 12 months were analyzed using a centralized automatic processing pipeline to quantify lesions and normalized brain and thalamic volume. Clinical measures included relapse activity, disability, and MS phenotyping. Neurologists completed questionnaires before and after receiving the qMRI reports.ResultsAccording to the physicians’ reports, qMRI results changed their assessment of the patient in 31.8% (baseline scan) and 27.6% (follow‐up scan). For ∼50% of patients with RRMS with suspected SPMS, reports provided additional information that the patient was transitioning to SPMS. In >25% of all patients, this information influenced the physicians’ assessment of the patient's current phenotype. However, actual changes of treatment were reported only in a minority of these patients.ConclusionsThe MAGNON results suggest that standardized qMRI reports may be integrated into the routine clinical care of MS patients and support the application of the Lublin classification as well as treatment decisions. The highest impact was reported in patients with suspected SPMS, indicating a potential to reduce diagnostic uncertainty.
Visual search for real‐world scenes in patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Akkoyun Müge , Koçoğlu Koray , Eraslan Boz Hatice , Tüfekci Işıl Yağmur , Ekin Merve , Akdal Gülden 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundVisual attention‐related processes that underlie visual search behavior are impaired in both the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which is considered a risk factor for AD. Although traditional computer‐based array tasks have been used to investigate visual search, information on the visual search patterns of AD and MCI patients in real‐world environments is limited.AimThe objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in visual search behaviors among individuals with AD, aMCI, and healthy controls (HCs) in real‐world scenes.Materials and MethodsA total of 92 participants were enrolled, including 28 with AD, 32 with aMCI, and 32 HCs. During the visual search task, participants were instructed to look at a single target object amid distractors, and their eye movements were recorded.ResultsThe results indicate that patients with AD made more fixations on distractors and fewer fixations on the target, compared to patients with aMCI and HC groups. Additionally, AD patients had longer fixation durations on distractors and spent less time looking at the target than both patients with aMCI and HCs.DiscussionThese findings suggest that visual search behavior is impaired in patients with AD and can be distinguished from aMCI and healthy individuals. For future studies, it is important to longitudinally monitor visual search behavior in the progression from aMCI to AD.ConclusionOur study holds significance in elucidating the interplay between impairments in attention, visual processes, and other underlying cognitive processes, which contribute to the functional decline observed in individuals with AD and aMCI.
Rationale for issuing neuroimaging requests for patients with primary headaches in China
Authors: Zhong X. M. , Zhao L. C. , Peng L. L. , Li L. , Li C. Q. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of neuroimaging in patients with primary headaches and the clinician‐based rationale for requesting neuroimaging in China.Data sources and study settingThis study included patients with primary headaches admitted to hospitals and clinicians in China. We identified whether neuroimaging was requested and the types of neuroimaging conducted.Study designThis was a cross‐sectional study, and convenience sampling was used to recruit patients with primary headaches. Clinicians were interviewed using a combination of personal in‐depth and topic‐selection group interviews to explore why doctors requested neuroimaging.Data collection:We searched for the diagnosis of primary headache in the outpatient and inpatient systems according to the International Classification of Diseases‐10 code of patients admitted to six hospitals in three provincial capitals by 2022.We selected three public and three private hospitals with neurology specialties that treated a corresponding number of patients.Principle findingsAmong the 2263 patients recruited for this study, 1942 (89.75%) underwent neuroimaging. Of the patients, 1157 (51.13%) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 246 (10.87%) underwent both head computed tomography (CT) and MRI, and 628 (27.75%) underwent CT. Fifteen of the 16 interviewed clinicians did not issue a neuroimaging request for patients with primary headaches. Furthermore, we found that doctors issued a neuroimaging request for patients with primary headaches mostly, to exclude the risk of misdiagnosis, reduce uncertainty, avoid medical disputes, meet patients’ medical needs, and complete hospital assessment indicators.ConclusionsFor primary headaches, the probability of clinicians requesting neuroimaging was higher in China than in other countries. There is considerable room for improvement in determining appropriate strategies to reduce the use of low‐value care for doctors and patients.
Synthesis of C3′‐Foused Aryl/Penta‐1,4‐Dien‐3‐One/Amine Hybrids as HSP90C‐Terminal Inhibitors
Authors: Zheng Chun‐Xia , Liao Yu‐Ting , Wang Hua‐Xiang , Yang Chen , Li Dashan , Shao Li‐Dong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract24 C3′‐focused hybrids of aryl/penta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one/amine (APDA) were designed and synthesized. Of these hybrids, 2 n demonstrated improved antiproliferative effects on HER2‐positive breast cancer cells (SKBr3 and BT474) and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468) with IC50 values ranging from 7.45 to 10.75 μM, but less toxicity to normal breast cells MCF‐10A than the first generation of hybrid 1. Additionally, 2 n retained its ability to inhibit HSP90C‐terminus, leading to the degradation of HSP90 client proteins HER2, EGFR, pAKT, AKT, and CDK4, without inducing a heat‐shock response. Notably, 2 n also demonstrated improved thermostability compared to 1 and maintained in vitro metabolic stability in simulated intestinal fluid. These findings will provide a scientific basis for developing HSP90C‐terminal inhibitors in the future.
Acute patellar dislocation during isokinetic knee strength testing: A case report
Authors: Mihailo Obrenovic , François Luthi 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageIsokinetic testing is a maximal muscle strength test which requires adequate patient's preparation and observer's care. While the available data suggests that isokinetic devices are safe, their use may rarely cause severe injuries. The screening of predisposing anatomical factors could help preventing injuries before testing.AbstractA 29‐year‐old athletic man presented an acute patellar dislocation on a healthy right knee during isokinetic muscle strength testing, which was conducted in the setting of an intensive physical rehabilitation program, for persistent left knee pain after arthroscopic surgery for meniscal tear. This is the first case to occur in an adult male without clear risk factors such as patellar dysplasia. Predisposing factors may include slightly elevated patellar tilt and lateral shift compared to the contralateral knee (researched from subsequent review of pre‐injury X‐rays), and an elevated quadricipital strength in the context of recreational bodybuilding. The dislocation occurred during eccentric extension phase of testing. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction was conducted 6 months later. Isokinetic muscle strength testing is generally considered as a safe method, despite limited data on the devices' safety. Since severe injuries might rarely occur, adequate patient preparation is needed, as well as the screening of predisposing factors.
Design of Single‐Atom Catalysts on C5N2 for Nitrogen Fixation at Ambient Conditions: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Pan Liying , Kang Xuxin , Gao Shan , Duan Xiangmei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSingle atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit the flexible coordination structure of the active site and high utilization of active atoms, making them promising candidates for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions. By the aid of first‐principles calculations based on DFT, we have systematically explored the NRR catalytic behavior of thirteen 4d‐ and 5d‐transition metal atoms anchored on 2D porous graphite carbon nitride C
N
. With high selectivity and outstanding activity, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ta, W and Re‐doped C
N
are identified as potential nominees for NRR. Particularly, Mo@C
N
possesses an impressive low limiting potential of −0.39 V (corresponding to a very low temperature and atmospheric pressure), featuring the potential determining step involving *N−N transitions to *N−NH via the distal path. The catalytic performance of TM@C
N
can be well characterized by the adsorption strength of intermediate *N
H. Moreover, there exists a volcanic relationship between the catalytic property U
and the structure descriptor
, which validates the robustness and universality of
, combined with our previous study. This work sheds light on the design of SACs with eminent NRR performance.
Indoloquinoline Alkaloids as Antimalarials: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Parvatkar Prakash T. , Diagne Khaly , Zhao Yingzhao , Manetsch Roman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMalaria infections affect almost half of the world‘s population, with over 200 million cases reported annually. Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, a plant native to West Africa, has long been used across various regions of Africa for malaria treatment. Chemical analysis has revealed that the plant is abundant in indoloquinolines, which have been shown to possess antimalarial properties. Cryptolepine, neocryptolepine, and isocryptolepine are well‐studied indoloquinoline alkaloids known for their potent antimalarial activity. However, their structural rigidity and associated cellular toxicity are major drawbacks for preclinical development. This review focuses on the potential of indoloquinoline alkaloids (cryptolepine, neocryptolepine, and isocryptolepine) as scaffolds in drug discovery. The article delves into their antimalarial effects in vitro and in vivo, as well as their proposed mechanisms of action and structure‐activity relationship studies. Several studies aim to improve these leads by reducing cytotoxicity while preserving or enhancing antimalarial activity and gaining insights into their mechanisms of action. These investigations highlight the potential of indoloquinolines as a scaffold for developing new antimalarial drugs.
Long‐term efficacy of neoadjuvant–adjuvant targeted therapy in borderline resectable stage IIIB–D and IV melanoma
Authors: Czarnecka Anna M. , Ostaszewski Krzysztof , Błoński Piotr J. , Szumera‐Ciećkiewicz Anna , Świtaj Tomasz , Kozak Katarzyna , Koseła‐Patreczyk Hanna , Rogala Paweł , Kalinowska Iwona , Zaborowski Konrad , Krotewicz Maria , Borkowska Aneta , Rutkowski Piotr 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant–adjuvant therapy for locally advanced or potentially resectable metastatic melanoma was expected to improve operability and clinical outcomes over upfront surgery and adjuvant treatment only.MethodsForty‐seven consecutive patients were treated with neoadjuvant–adjuvant BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi)/MEK inhibitors (MEKi) and surgery.ResultsTwelve (26%) patients achieved a pathological complete response and 10 (21%) patients achieved a near‐complete response. In the whole group, median recurrence‐free survival was 19.4 months and median distant metastasis‐free survival (mDMFS) was 21.9 months. In patients with a pathological complete response (pCR)/near‐pCR median recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) were significantly longer than in patients with minor pathological response with hazard ratio (HR) = 0.37 (p = .005) for RFS and HR = 0.33 (p = .002) for DMFS. After median follow‐up of 52.5 months, median progression‐free survival since BRAFi/MEKi therapy initiation was 25.1 months. The median time‐to‐treatment‐failure since initiation of neoadjuvant therapy was 22.2 months and was significantly longer in patients with pCR/near‐pCR (HR = 0.45; p = .022). Neoadjuvant therapy did not result in any new specific complications of surgery. After 48 months, RFS and overall survival were 36.3% and 64.8% or 20% and 37.4% in patients with pCR/near‐pCR and pathological partial response/pathological nonresponse, respectively.ConclusionsThe authors confirmed that BRAFi/MEKi combination is an effective and safe regimen in the perioperative treatment of stage III/IV melanoma. Major pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment is a surrogate marker of recurrence including DMFS in these patients.Plain Language Summary

Our study presents a large comprehensive analysis of neoadjuvant‐adjuvant systemic therapy in patients diagnosed with marginally resectable stage III or IV melanoma.
Neoadjuvant therapy effectively reduced the volume of the disease, which facilitated subsequent surgical resection.
After median follow‐up of 52.5 months, median progression‐free survival since therapy initiation was 25.1 months. Twelve patients had complete pathological response and 10 patients had a near‐complete pathological response—and together they had median recurrence‐free survival and distant metastasis‐free survival significantly longer than in patients with pathological partial response or nonresponse.
Complete/near‐complete pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment is a surrogate marker of recurrence‐free, including distant metastasis‐free, survival in these patients.
Cs2CO3‐Promoted Alkylation of 3‐Cyano‐2(1H)‐Pyridones: Anticancer Evaluation and Molecular Docking
Authors: Salamanca‐Perdigón Kevin , Hurtado‐Rodríguez Diana , Portilla Jaime , Iriepa Isabel , Rojas Hugo , Becerra Diana , Castillo Juan‐Carlos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, a Cs2CO3‐promoted N‐alkylation of 3‐cyano‐2(1H)‐pyridones containing alkyl groups with diverse alkyl halides to synthesize N‐alkyl‐2‐pyridones over O‐alkylpyridines is reported. The use of alkyl dihalides resulted in complex mixtures of N‐ and O‐alkylated products. The primary factor influencing regioselectivity in these reactions is the electronic effects of substituents on the 2(1H)‐pyridone ring, as evidenced by the preferential formation of O‐alkylpyridines upon the introduction of aryl groups. Remarkably, we efficiently employed CuAAC and Ti(Oi‐Pr)4‐catalyzed amidation reactions to functionalize N‐alkyl‐2‐pyridones containing propargyl and ester groups, leading to the synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles and amides, respectively. Moreover, O‐alkylpyridines 10 b and 10 d displayed remarkable selectivity toward the A‐498 renal cancer cell line with growth inhibition percentages (%GI) of 54.75 and 67.64, respectively. The binding modes of compounds 10 b and 10 d to the PIM‐1 kinase enzyme were determined through molecular docking studies.