bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Privacy-preserving Human Activity Recognition Using Principal Component-based Wavelet Cnn
Authors: Pervin Nadira , Sanam Tahsina Farah , Imtiaz Hafiz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Human activity recognition (HAR) is crucial in applications such as smart homes, interactive games, surveillance, security, and healthcare. In recent years, Channel State Information (CSI) data extracted from Wi-Fi signals has garnered significant interest for applications in HAR. This interest stems from CSI's several advantages, including its immunity to illumination variations and environmental disturbances, and the elimination of the need for wearable devices. Despite being widely used, existing HAR system's performance suffers when used in new environments without system improvement or retraining. This constraint can be overcome by gathering and annotating data from various locations, and then re-training the system. However, it is far from ideal from the privacy perspective, as the training algorithms access the data from different privacy-sensitive environments. This motivates us to design a reliable and robust privacy-preserving HAR system. In this work, we introduce a Differentially Private Principal Component-based Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network (DP-PCWCNN) that offers accurate and robust HAR performance across different environments, while preserving strict privacy constraints. We evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm on a publicly available real dataset and demonstrate that our proposed system closely approximates the non-private system's performance for some parameter choices.
Stochastic Dynamics of Postural Sway Modeled by Double Ornstein Uhlenbeck Process
Authors: Yaradanakul Naci Barış , Hassanpour Maryam , Gürses Senih 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The Center-of-Pressure in anteroposterior direction (CoPx) exhibits two regime dynamics during quiet stance. First regime is slowly changing equilibrium points determined by higher nervous system. Second includes the fast postural corrections around it. We proposed a novel system of stochastic differential equations, double Ornstein Uhlenbeck process (dOU), where the long-term mean of first OU is controlled by the second OU. We derived the closed forms of the correlation and the power spectral density (PSD) functions. Four parameters were optimized in frequency domain over experimental data. We found that the mean reversion rate of second OU governs the dominant sway frequency while its volatility scales the associated variation. Fast reflexive postural adjustments around the equilibrium are modeled by first OU. The phenomenological dOU model exploits two independent Wiener processes as the driving forces in random dynamics of CoPx while mean reversion rates serve for bounded variability of balance considering biomechanical constraints.
Instability enhanced dewatering during mechanical pressing of elastic porous media
Authors: Dudick Sumner , Hess Dennis W. , Breedveld Victor 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

One commonly used method to remove water from porous media is mechanical pressing. Applying stress to a material whose voids are filled with fluid causes the pores to collapse, driving out the liquid. When the porous medium is both elastic and hydrophilic, this dewatering process is reversible. After the applied stress is released, elastic recovery of the medium reopens pores, and capillary forces draw some of the expelled water back into the pore structure from whatever absorbent sink was adjacent to the material. Because the purpose of mechanical pressing is to remove liquid, preventing this reflux is key for optimizing dewatering efficiency. We investigated the impact of layering a stiff spacer at the interface of the material and sink such that dewatering occurs with minimal reflux. We hypothesize that this technique works by applying the Plateau-Rayleigh instability to achieve unidirectional transport. A spacer with the appropriate structure causes liquid channels to rupture as dewatering occurs. Although the driving force for reflux remains upon decompression, there is no path for flow. We find that this approach results in enhanced dewatering over a wide range of liquid properties. While other methods have previously been developed to promote unidirectional flow in porous media, our approach provides a solution where existing techniques fail to be practical. The main advantages of leveraging interfacial instability to prevent reflux include: a passive design with no moving parts, a structure with high permeability that does not restrict flow, and a rapid mechanism applicable to fast industrial processes.
The Deep Latent Space Particle Filter for Real-Time Data Assimilation with Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Mücke Nikolaj Takata , Bohté Sander M. , Oosterlee Cornelis W. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In Data Assimilation, observations are fused with simulations to obtain an accurate estimate of the state and parameters for a given physical system. Combining data with a model, however, while accurately estimating uncertainty, is computationally expensive and infeasible to run in real-time for complex systems. Here, we present a novel particle filter methodology, the Deep Latent Space Particle filter or D-LSPF, that uses neural network-based surrogate models to overcome this computational challenge. The D-LSPF enables filtering in the low-dimensional latent space obtained using Wasserstein AEs with modified vision transformer layers for dimensionality reduction and transformers for parameterized latent space time stepping. As we demonstrate on three test cases, including leak localization in multi-phase pipe flow and seabed identification for fully nonlinear water waves, the D-LSPF runs orders of magnitude faster than a high-fidelity particle filter and 3-5 times faster than alternative methods while being up to an order of magnitude more accurate. The D-LSPF thus enables real-time data assimilation with uncertainty quantification for physical systems.
Alexithymia and Illness Perceptions in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis and Their Partners: a dyadic analysis.
Authors: Luca Maria , Luca Antonina , Patti Francesco , Algorta Guillermo Perez , Eccles Fiona Juliet Rosalind 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Illness perceptions (IPs) encompass opinions regarding the nature, severity and curability of a disease. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between alexithymia and IPs among persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and their partners, as well as within the dyads composed of PwMS and partners.
Methods
PwMS referred to the Multiple Sclerosis Center of the University Hospital “Policlinico-San Marco” from 11th August 2021 to 7th January 2022 and their partners completed a battery of questionnaires, including the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and the Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised. A dyadic data analysis (Actor-Partner Interdependence Model) was performed to test the effect of alexithymic traits both on a person’s own illness perceptions (actor effect) and on the partner’s illness perceptions (partner effect).
Results
100 PwMS (71 women; mean age 47.6 ± 10.4 years) and 100 partners (29 women; mean age 49.1 ± 10.8 years), with a mean partnership duration of 20.1 ± 11.7 years, were enrolled. At the dyadic analysis, statistically significant small-to-moderate actor and partner effects were found considering alexithymia (total score and alexithymic facets) and IPs, whereby higher alexithymic traits related to higher negative perceptions (i.e. consequences, emotional representations) and lower positive ones (i.e. coherence, treatment control).
Conclusion
Our findings support the relationship between alexithymia and negative illness appraisals. This data may inform therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing alexithymic traits, which in turn may reduce negative, and potentially dysfunctional, illness perceptions.
The unequal face of hunger: How gender and race/colour have exacerbated food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic—a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Luiz Gleiciane Bueno da Silva , Ferreira Aline Alves , Salles-Costa Rosana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated Food Insecurity (FI) in a heterogeneous way across different household profiles. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic on FI in Brazil according to the intersections of race/colour and the gender of household heads.
Methods
Microdata from the 1st and 2nd Food Insecurity Surveys in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic (VIGISAN) were used (1st VIGISAN: n=2,180; 2nd VIGISAN: n=12,745). FI levels were compared according to the profiles created from the intersection of gender (male and female) and race/colour (white and black) for the household reference person. Odds ratio (OR) values were calculated using multinomial logistic regression models to assess the association between reference person profiles and FI levels.
Results
Although the proportion of households with moderate+severe FI increased in the first two years of the pandemic among households headed by black people, the prevalence of severe FI was significantly greater for households headed by black women (2.2 versus 3.2; 95% CI 2.52; 4.00).
Conclusions
The results of this study reinforce the need to plan equitable public policies that debate the intersectionality of gender and race/colour as a way of guaranteeing food and nutritional security in Brazil.
Feet edema and growth retardation in Turner syndrome by prenatal ultrasonography: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ma Jing , Liang Li , Liu Shanshan , Yan Kailin , Liu Xi , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Turner syndrome (TS), also known as congenital ovarian hypoplasia syndrome, is a sex chromosome abnormality caused by a complete/partial absence of the second sex chromosome with complete X chromosome. The most common findings by prenatal ultrasonography of TS include thickened nuchal translucency, cystic hygroma, cardiovascular system abnormalities, urinary system diseases, and growth retardation.
Case presentation: We present a unique case of TS with the ultrasonographic features of dorsal skin edema on both feet and a progressive intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) at the second trimester of spontaneous pregnant. We performed an extensive review of prenatal ultrasound features of TS cases from MEDLINE (PUBMED) published in English between 2000-2024 to prove this case's uniqueness. A 29-year-old pregnant woman with her second pregnancy after a previous missed abortion presented as the prenatal ultrasound exam for fetal structural anomalies at 24+3 weeks gestation revealed an edema of the dorsal skin on both feet and a short long bone of both femur and humerus for gestational age. Nuchal translucency (NT) measurement at week 13+6 was 1.3mm and fetal echocardiography at week 24+2 showed normal. There were no markedly abnormal findings in the results of non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) cell-free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) at 14+6 weeks. Then, amniocentesis was performed and the results confirmed Turner syndrome with a 45,X karyotype. The final review included 11 with a total number of 884 cases were identified, among which central lymphedema such as increased nuchal translucency or cystic hygroma is the typical finding with TS by ultrasonographic examination. Peripheral lymphedema resulting in fetal substantial swelling in feet was reported in 3 cases. Fetal feet edema accompanied with growth retardation are extremely rare.
Conclusions: Peripheral lymphedema such as feet edema accompanied with long bone-involved growth retardation is rare but recognized features by prenatal ultrasonography, which should be considered as an index of chromosomal abnormalities in fetus with TS.
Research on Airport Express Train Schedule Optimization Based on Demand-Driven Air-Rail Intermodal Transportation
Authors: He Jin , Li Yinzhen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The optimization of airport express train schedules is crucial for air-rail intermodal transport, which directly affects the efficiency of passenger transfer and service level. It thus enhances the competitiveness of the transport system. In the context of air-rail intermodal transportation, this study explores the “Airport Express and Flight Succession” issue. Given the take-off and landing time of airport flights, we analyze the demand of different passenger flows and the key factors influencing the connection between airport express lines and flights, and construct a demand-driven optimization model of airport express train schedules based on air-rail intermodal transport conditions with the goal of minimizing the total travel time and the number of unserved passengers, and use a simulated annealing algorithm to solve the model and verify the model and algorithm by taking the case of the Lanzhou-Zhong Chuan Airport Express Line. The model and algorithm are validated by taking Lanzhou Zhong Chuan Airport Express as an example. The results show that the optimized timetable reduces the total travel time cost of passengers by 0.93% and 3.82%, the number of unserved passengers by 14.7%, and the proportion of flights and trains that do not satisfy the constraints of passenger occupancy by 17%, under the premise of considering the time sensitivity of different types of passengers and the principle of fairness, respectively. Therefore, the timetable optimization strategy of this study significantly reduces the total travel time of intermodal and commuter traffic while increasing the number of served passengers, which provides a solid scientific basis for the operation and management of the Airport Express to develop a more efficient and reasonable train timetable under the conditions of air-rail intermodal transportation.
Evaluation of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and other blood count indices in patients with Behçet’s disease: A prospective study
Authors: Bijani Faezeh Moghimpour , Alikhani Majid , Yavari Tahereh , Faezi Tahereh , Valizadeh Amirhossein , Koohpayezadeh Zohreh , Madreseh Elham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Behçet’s disease (BD) is an auto-inflammatory systemic vasculitis, with immune system dysregulation playing a key role in its pathogenesis. Accordingly, estimation of active inflammation and modification of immune system is critical in the treatment modalities. Several serum markers have been studied for the identification of active inflammation in BD. This study aimed to investigate complete blood count (CBC) indices, including systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with BD.
In this prospective study, 112 BD patients (58 active, 54 non-active) and 61 healthy controls were enrolled from January 2023 to January 2024. CBC indices including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute monocyte count (AMC), monocyte to RDW ratio (MRR), and neutrophil to RDW ratio (NRR) were compared between groups.
Accordingly, SII, NLR, ANC, AMC, platelet count, MRR, and NRR were significantly higher in BD patients compared to controls (p-value= 0.004, 0.015, <0.001, 0.037, 0.031, 0.034 and 0.001, respectively). However, there were no differences in these indices between active and non-active groups. Notably, patients with BD-related ocular complications had elevated SII and NRR compared to those without ocular involvement (p-value=0.03 and 0.018, respectively). ROC curve analysis identified SII, NLR, and NRR as predictive factors for BD diagnosis (p-value=0.001, 0.033 and 0.003, respectively).
SII, NLR, PLR, MRR and NRR are found to be elevated in BD patients. Furthermore, SII and NRR are revealed to be increased in patients with BD-related ocular complications. Moreover, SII, NLR and NRR are demonstrated to be predictive factors for making the diagnosis of BD.
The AP-1 adaptor complex is essential for intracellular trafficking of the ORF2 capsid protein and assembly of Hepatitis E virus
Authors: Ferrié Martin , Alexandre Virginie , Montpellier Claire , Bouquet Peggy , Tubiana Thibault , Mézière Léa , Ankavay Maliki , Bentaleb Cyrine , Dubuisson Jean , Bressanelli Stéphane , Aliouat-Denis Cécile-Marie , Rouillé Yves , Cocquerel Laurence 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Although the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging global health burden, little is known about its interaction with the host cell. HEV genome encodes three proteins including the ORF2 capsid protein that is produced in different forms, the ORF2i protein which is the structural component of viral particles, and the ORF2g/c proteins which are massively secreted but are not associated with infectious material. We recently demonstrated that the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) is hijacked by HEV to serve as a viral factory. However, host determinants involved in the subcellular shuttling of viral proteins to viral factories are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the AP-1 adaptor complex plays a pivotal role in the targeting of ORF2i protein to viral factories. This complex belongs to the family of adaptor proteins that are involved in vesicular transport between the trans-Golgi network and early/recycling endosomes. An interplay between the AP-1 complex and viral protein(s) has been described for several viral lifecycles. In the present study, we demonstrated that the ORF2i protein colocalizes and interacts with the AP-1 adaptor complex in HEV-producing or infected cells. We showed that silencing or drug-inhibition of the AP-1 complex prevents ORF2i protein localization in viral factories and reduces viral production in hepatocytes. Modeling of the ORF2i/AP-1 complex also revealed that the S domain of ORF2i likely interacts with the σ1 subunit of AP-1 complex. Hence, our study identified for the first time a host factor involved in addressing of HEV proteins (i.e. ORF2i protein) to viral factories.
Clinical features and sequelae of detrusor underactivity: a study of possible cause and effect
Authors: Vuthiwong Jaraspong , Whalen Stewart , Qu Liang G , Gani Johan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the clinical presentation and urodynamic findings in detrusor underactivity (DU) patients and investigate the association between DU and straining related complications such as pelvic organ prolapse (POP), inguinal hernia, and hemorrhoids.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients who underwent urodynamic studies (UDS) from 2012 to 2023, divided into two groups: those with evidence of DU (n = 573), and control subjects with normal voiding parameters (n = 522). Exclusion criteria were patients who lacked sufficient data, those with obstructive voiding parameters and those who had received intravesical botulinum toxin injections within the previous nine months. Demographic information, clinical presentation, straining related complications and UDS findings were compared between the two groups using univariate statistical analysis.
Results
Median age in the DU group was 67. The DU group had a statistically significant higher prevalence of spinal disease, multiple sclerosis, previous cerebrovascular accidents, previous colorectal surgery, previous transabdominal gynecological surgery, POP surgery, and recurrent UTIs. DU patients had a higher prevalence of pronounced vaginal bulging symptoms, inguinal hernia, and hemorrhoids. Poor stream was the most common lower urinary tract symptom (50.5%). The median Qmax, PdetQmax, and PVR for DU patents were 7 ml/sec, 13 cmH2O, and 200 ml, respectively.
Conclusion
DU patients commonly present with both voiding and storage symptoms. There is approximately twice the risk of having POP surgery and inguinal hernia, a seven-fold risk of hemorrhoids, and a three-fold risk of recurrent UTIs. This is thought to be secondary to increased intra-abdominal pressure during urinary straining.
Spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas of developing mouse lung
Authors: Meng Xiaogao , Li Wenjie , Xu Jian , Yang Yumeng , Zheng Hui , Cui Guizhong , Suo Shengbao , Peng Guangdun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The lung is a vital organ for mammalian life, as it is intricately connected to the cardiovascular system for supporting gas exchange. The functional development of the mammalian lung is a complex process that relies on the spatial and temporal organization of multiple cell types and their states. However, a comprehensive spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas of the developing lung has not yet been reported.
Results
Here we apply high-throughput spatial transcriptomics to allow for a comprehensive assessment of mouse lung development comprised of two critical developmental events: branching morphogenesis and alveologenesis. We firstly generate a spatial molecular atlas of mouse lung development spanning from E12.5 to P0 based on the integration of published single cell RNA-sequencing data and identify 10 spatial domains critical for functional lung organization. Furthermore, we create a lineages map connecting spatial clusters from adjacent time points in E12.5-P0 lungs and explore TF regulatory networks for each lineage specification. We observe the establishment of pulmonary airways within the developing lung, accompanied by the proximal-distal patterning by distinct characteristics of gene expression, signaling landscape and transcription factors enrichment. We characterize the alveolar niche heterogeneity with maturation state differences during the later developmental stage around birth and demonstrate differentially expressed genes, such as Angpt2 and Epha3, which may perform a critical role during alveologenesis. In addition, multiple signaling pathways, including ANGPT, VEGF and EPHA, exhibit increased levels in more maturing alveolar niche.
Conclusion
By integrating the spatial transcriptome with corresponding single-cell transcriptome data, we provide a comprehensive molecular atlas of mouse lung development with detailed molecular domain annotation and communication, which would pave the way for understanding human lung development and respiratory regeneration medicine.