bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline medication adherence and blood pressure in a 24‐month longitudinal hypertension study
Authors: Shaw Ryan , Bosworth Hayden B 
Published: November 2011

Aim and objectives.  We sought to identify the feasibility and predictive validity of an easy and quick self‐reported measure of medication adherence and to identify characteristics of people with hypertension that may warrant increase attentiveness by nurses to address hypertensive self‐management needs.Background.  Current control rates of hypertension are approximately 50%. Effective blood pressure control can be achieved in most people with hypertension through antihypertensive medication. However, hypertension control can only be achieved if the patient is adherent with their medication regimen. Patients who are non‐adherent may be in need of additional intervention.Design.  This secondary analysis evaluated the systolic blood pressure of patients who received usual hypertension management across 24 months at six‐month intervals.Methods.  A longitudinal study of 159 hypertensive patients in two primary care clinics.Results.  In a sample of 159 patients receiving care in a primary care facility, baseline medication non‐adherence was associated with a 6·3 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (p < 0·05) at baseline, a 8·4 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (p < 0·05) at 12 months and a 7·5 increase in systolic blood pressure at 24 months (p < 0·05) compared with adherent patients, respectively. Results also indicate a significant increase in systolic blood pressure across 24 months among people who identified as minority and of low financial status.Conclusions.  Non‐adherence with antihypertensive medication at baseline was predictive of increased systolic blood pressure up to 24 months postbaseline.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study demonstrates the use of an easy‐to‐use questionnaire to identify patients who are non‐adherent. We recommend assessing medication adherence to identify patients who are non‐adherent with their anti‐hypertensive medication and to be especially vigilant with patients who are minority or are considered low income.
Working in the real world: a review of sociological concepts of health and well‐being and their relation to modern mental health nursing
Authors: BLAKEMAN P. , FORD L. 
Published: November 2011

Accessible summary
Large gaps in income between the rich and poor seem to be related to poor mental health, but the explanations are not always simple.
Some people are more able than others to withstand the pressures generated by these large gaps, and some explanations for why are given.
Nurses can help people who are affected by these gaps become more resilient and develop ways to live fuller and richer lives.
Nurses are also well placed to lead this change as many of the ideas are familiar to them.
AbstractSince 2008, the world has witnessed several socio‐economic upheavals that have fundamentally changed the global economy. Within the UK, these upheavals have coincided with a change in political administration and thus a new approach to managing the volatility of economy. This change has resulted in root and branch reform of service provision that is based around a model that incorporates a shrinking public sector coupled with an increase in civic participation (i.e. ‘The Big Society’ espoused by the UK‐governing coalition). It is also unlikely that healthcare provision on a global level will remain unchanged in such turbulent times. It would therefore seem a useful time to review how socio‐economic forces are believed to affect the health and well‐being of an individual. These forces include social inequality, the mechanisms of social inclusion and exclusion, social role and the erosion of resilience. This paper will then conclude by offering some potential avenues that nurses can explore to make these forces less damaging for their clients. These avenues include developing a clinical focus based around positive psychology, well‐being and some novel ways that nurses can help overcome the maintenance cycles that perpetuate inequality and exclusion.
The rice geneDEFECTIVE TAPETUM AND MEIOCYTES 1(DTM1) is required for early tapetum development and meiosis
Authors: Yi Jakyung , Kim Sung‐Ryul , Lee Dong‐Yeon , Moon Sunok , Lee Yang‐Seok , Jung Ki‐Hong , Hwang Inhwan , An Gynheung 
Published: November 2011

SummaryTapetum development and meiosis play crucial roles in anther development. Here we identified a rice gene,DEFECTIVE TAPETUM AND MEIOCYTES 1(DTM1), which controls the early stages of that development. This gene encodes for an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that is present only in cereals. Our T‐DNA insertion mutations gave rise to abnormal tapetal formation. Cellular organelles, especially the ER, were underdeveloped, which led to hampered differentiation and degeneration of the tapetum. In addition, the development of pollen mother cells was arrested at the early stages of meiotic prophase I. RNAin‐situhybridization analyses showed thatDTM1transcripts were most abundant in tapetal cells at stages 6 and 7, and moderately in the pollen mother cells and meiocytes. Transcripts ofUDT1,which functions in tapetum development during early meiosis, were reduced indtm1anthers, as were those ofPAIR1, which is involved in chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis. However, expression ofMSP1andMEL1, which function in anther wall specification and germ cell division, respectively, was not altered in thedtm1mutant. Moreover, transcripts ofDTM1were reduced inmsp1mutant anthers, but not inudt1andpair1mutants. These results, together with their mutant phenotypes, suggest that DTM1 plays important roles in the ER membrane during early tapetum development, functioning afterMSP1and beforeUDT1, and also in meiocyte development, afterMEL1and beforePAIR1.
Selecting men diagnosed with prostate cancer for active surveillance using a risk calculator: a prospective impact study
Authors: van Vugt Heidi A. , Roobol Monique J. , van der Poel Henk G. , van Muilekom Erik H.A.M. , Busstra Martijn , Kil Paul , Oomens Eric H. , Leliveld Annemarie , Bangma Chris H. , Korfage Ida , Steyerberg Ewout W. 
Published: November 2011

Study Type – Prognosis (cohort series)Level of Evidence 2aWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The present study is one of the first to investigate urologists' and patients' compliance with recommendations based on a risk calculator that calculates the probability of indolent prostate cancer. A threshold was set for a recommendation of active surveillance vs active treatment.Active surveillance recommendations based on a prostate cancer risk calculator were followed by most patients, but 30% with active treatment recommendations chose active surveillance instead. This indicates that the threshold may be too high for urologists and patients.OBJECTIVES
To assess urologists' and patients' compliance with treatment recommendations based on a prostate cancer risk calculator (RC) and the reasons for non‐compliance.
To assess the difference between patients who were compliant and non‐compliant with recommendations based on this RC.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Eight urologists from five Dutch hospitals included 240 patients with prostate cancer (PCa), aged 55–75 years, from December 2008 to February 2011.
The urologists used the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer RC which predicts the probability of potentially indolent PCa (P[indolent]), using serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume and pathological findings on biopsy.
Inclusion criteria were PSA <20 ng/mL, clinical stage T1 or T2a–c disease, <50% positive sextant biopsy cores, ≤20 mm cancer tissue, ≥40 mm benign tissue and Gleason ≤3 + 3. If the P(indolent) was >70%, active surveillance (AS) was recommended, and active treatment (AT) otherwise.
After the treatment decision, patients completed a questionnaire about their treatment choice, related (dis)advantages, and validated measurements of other factors, e.g. anxiety.
RESULTS
Most patients (45/55, 82%) were compliant with an AS recommendation. Another 54 chose AS despite an AT recommendation (54/185, 29%).
The most common reason for non‐compliance with AT recommendations by urologists was the patient's preference for AS (n= 30). These patients most often reported the delay of physical side effects of AT as the main advantage (n= 19).
Those who complied with AT recommendations had higher mean PSA levels (8 vs 7 ng/mL, P= 0.02), higher mean amount of cancer tissue (7 vs 3 mm, P < 0.001), lower mean P(indolent) (36% vs 55%, P < 0.001), and higher mean generic anxiety scores (42 vs 38, P= 0.03) than those who did not comply.
CONCLUSIONS
AS recommendations were followed by most patients, while 29% with AT recommendations chose AS instead.
Although further research is needed to validate the RC threshold, the current version is already useful in treatment decision‐making in men with localized PCa.
Mommy, speak clearly: induced hearing loss shapes vowel hyperarticulation
Authors: Lam Christa , Kitamura Christine 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTalkers hyperarticulate vowels when communicating with listeners that require increased speech intelligibility. Vowel hyperarticulation is said to be motivated by knowledge of the listener’s linguistic needs because it typically occurs in speech to infants, foreigners and hearing‐impaired listeners, but not to non‐verbal pets. However, the degree to which vowel hyperarticulation is determined by feedback from the listener is surprisingly less well understood. This study examines whether mothers’ speech input is driven by knowledge of the infant’s linguistic competence, or by the infant’s feedback cues. Specifically, we manipulated (i) mothers’ knowledge of whether they believed their infants could hear them or not, and (ii) the audibility of the speech signal available to the infant (full or partial audibility, or inaudible). Remarkably, vowel hyperarticulation was completely unaffected by mothers’ knowledge; instead, there was a reduction in the degree of hyperarticulation such that vowels were hyperarticulated to the greatest extent in the full audibility condition, there was reduced hyperarticulation in the partially audible condition, and no hyperarticulation in the inaudible condition. Thus, while it might be considered adaptive to hyperarticulate speech to the hearing‐impaired adult or infant, when these two factors (infant and hearing difficulty) are coupled, vowel hyperarticulation is sacrificed. Our results imply that infant feedback drives talker behavior and raise implications for intervention strategies used with carers of hearing‐impaired infants.
Production Relations under GLOBALG.A.P: The Relative Influence of Standards and Retail Market Structure
Authors: Tennent Rebeka , Lockie Stewart 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRetailer‐led food standards are playing an increasingly important role in determining market access globally. These standards are generally interpreted as a mechanism by which retailers have increased their capacity to co‐ordinate and control upstream actors, including farmers and processors. Taking an actor‐oriented approach to determine the various ways in which a group of farmers respond to retailer‐led standards, this study presents empirical detail on the impacts of compliance with retailer‐led standards, including GLOBALG.A.P, on an Australian citrus growers' co‐operative. This study found that while GLOBALG.A.P and similar standards are indeed de facto mandatory requirements for fruit producers, it was not certification to GLOBALG.A.P alone that led to relationships of dependency between producers and retailers. The oligopolistic structure of the retailing sector was found to be equally problematic for producers. This suggests that while GLOBALG.A.P constituted a novel form of value chain governance, it was not a defining feature of the food production system in these chains.
Geo‐parsing Messages from Microtext
Authors: Gelernter Judith , Mushegian Nikolai 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWidespread use of social media during crises has become commonplace, as shown by the volume of messages during the Haiti earthquake of 2010 and Japan tsunami of 2011. Location mentions are particularly important in disaster messages as they can show emergency responders where problems have occurred. This article explores the sorts of locations that occur in disaster‐related social messages, how well off‐the‐shelf software identifies those locations, and what is needed to improve automated location identification, called geo‐parsing. To do this, we have sampled Twitter messages from the February 2011 earthquake in Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand. We annotated locations in messages manually to make a gold standard by which to measure locations identified by a Named Entity Recognition software. The Stanford NER software found some locations that were proper nouns, but did not identify locations that were not capitalized, local streets and buildings, or non‐standard place abbreviations and mis‐spellings that are plentiful in microtext. We review how these problems might be solved in software research, and model a readable crisis map that shows crisis location clusters via enlarged place labels.
Improving Geocoding Match Rates with Spatially‐Varying Block Metrics
Authors: Goldberg Daniel W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAddress ranges used in linear interpolation geocoding often have errors and omissions that result in input address numbers falling outside of known address ranges. Geocoding systems may match these input addresses to the closest available nearby address range and assign low confidence values (match scores) to increase match rates, but little is published describing the matching or scoring techniques used in these systems. This article sheds light on these practices by investigating the need for, technical approaches to, and utility of nearby matching methods used to increase match rates in geocode data. The scope of the problem is motivated by an analysis of a commonly used health dataset. The technical approach of a geocoding system that includes a nearby matching approach is described along with a method for scoring candidates based on spatially‐varying neighborhoods. This method, termed dynamic nearby reference feature scoring, identifies, scores, ranks, and returns the most probable candidate to which the input address feature belongs or is spatially near. This approach is evaluated against commercial systems to assess its effectiveness and resulting spatial accuracy. Results indicate this approach is viable for improving match rates while maintaining acceptable levels of spatial accuracy.
Efficacy of new antiretroviral drugs in treatment‐experienced HIV‐infected patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of recent randomized controlled trials
Authors: Pichenot M , Deuffic‐Burban S , Cuzin L , Yazdanpanah Y 
Published: November 2011

ObjectivesWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the overall efficacy of new antiretroviral drugs, as well as the factors associated with increased efficacy. We compared CD4 cell count increases associated with chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) inhibitors or other new drugs, using indirect comparison.MethodsWe included RCTs published in 2003–2010 that assessed the 48‐week immunological and virological efficacy of adding new antiretroviral drugs vs. placebo to optimized background therapy (OBT) in treatment‐experienced subjects. These drugs included maraviroc, vicriviroc, enfuvirtide, raltegravir, etravirine, tipranavir and darunavir. We collected baseline descriptive characteristics, CD4 cell count changes and virological suppression proportions (percentage with HIV RNA <50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL).ResultsWe identified 10 studies which included a total of 6401 patients. New drugs were associated with increased virological suppression (pooled odds ratio 2.97) and larger CD4 count increases (pooled nonstandardized difference 39 cells/μL) compared with placebo. OBT genotypic sensitivity scores (GSSs) were also associated with larger differences in virological suppression (P<0.001 for GSS=0,≤1 and ≤2) and CD4 cell count increase (GSS=0, P<0.001; GSS ≤1, P=0.002; GSS ≤2, P=0.015) between the two groups. CCR5 inhibitors were not associated with significant gains in CD4 cell counts (P=0.22) compared with other new drugs.ConclusionsOur study confirmed the overall immunological and virological efficacy of new antiretroviral drugs in treatment‐experienced patients, compared with placebo. The main predictive factor for efficacy was the number of fully active drugs. CCR5 inhibitors did not increase CD4 cell count to a greater extent than other new drugs.
Consequences of Riding Takeover Waves: Australian Evidence
Authors: Duong Lien , Izan Izan H. Y. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper uses Australian data to analyze takeover bid premiums and long‐term abnormal returns for mergers that occur during wave and non‐wave periods. Findings reveal that bid premiums are slightly lower in wave periods, and bidding firms earn normal post‐takeover returns (relative to a portfolio of firms matched on size and survival) if their bids were made in non‐wave periods. However, bidders who announced their takeover bids during wave periods exhibit significant underperformance. For mergers that took place within waves, there is no difference in bid premiums nor is there a difference in the long‐run returns of bidders involved during the first half and second half of the waves. We find that none of prominent theories of merger waves (managerial, misvaluation, and neoclassical) can fully account for Australian takeover waves and their effects. Instead, our results suggest that Banal‐Estanol et al.'s screening theory of merger activity, by combining the misvaluation and neoclassical theories, may provide a better explanation.
Cholinergic modulation of amyloid precursor protein processing with emphasis on M1 muscarinic receptor: perspectives and challenges in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fisher Abraham 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120 (Suppl. 1), 22–33.AbstractThe prescribed drugs for treatment of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients are regarded as symptomatic drugs. Effective disease modifying therapies are not yet prescribed in AD patients. Three major hallmarks of AD (e.g. cholinergic hypofunction, Aβ and tau neuropathologies) are closely linked raising the expectation that restoring the cholinergic hypofunction to normal, in particular via selective activation of M1 muscarinic receptors, may alter the onset or progression of AD dementia. This review is focused mainly on modulation of amyloid precursor processing and Aβ levels in the brain via cholinergic treatment strategies based on M1 muscarinic agonists versus other cholinergic treatments (e.g. cholinesterase inhibitors prescribed for treatment of AD, M2 antagonists and nicotinic agonists). Advantages and potential drawbacks of these treatment modalities are reviewed versus the notion that due to an elusive etiology of AD, future disease modifiers should address comprehensively most of these AD hallmarks (e.g. Aβ pathology, tau and tangle pathologies, as well as the cholinergic hypofunction and cognitive impairments). This major requirement may be fulfilled with M1‐selective muscarinic agonists and less with other reviewed cholinergic treatments.
Physical Activity Status in Adults with Depression in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2006
Authors: Song Mi Ryeong , Lee Young‐Shin , Baek Jong‐Duek , Miller Marci 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine physical activity levels among adults with depression.MethodsCross‐sectional descriptive study with the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 2005–2006.SampleFour thousand and fifty‐eight men and women aged 20 years and older.MeasuresSelf‐reported Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ‐9] for depression, accelerometer for amounts of physical activity, demographic information, and self‐reported health status were weighted to represent population estimates. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were applied to data.ResultsOverall prevalence of depression was 13.9% and 5.6% in mild and moderate to severe levels, respectively. Adults in depression groups spent significantly less time in both light and moderate physical activity than nondepression groups. There were no differences in sedentary and vigorous physical activity among groups. After controlling for socio‐demographic factors, those at greater risk for depression were middle‐aged women with self‐reported poor health status with less moderate physical activity.ConclusionsAlthough depressed adults were less active than nondepressed adults, their physical activity levels were close to the recommended guidelines. Public education regarding efficacy of physical activity and encouragement of appropriate activity levels could contribute to prevention and treatment of depression.
The Influence of Network Structure on the Transport of Blood in the Human Cerebral Microvasculature
Authors: SU SHEN‐WEI , CATHERALL MARK , PAYNE STEPHEN 
Published: November 2011

Please cite this paper as:Su S‐W, Catherall M and Payne S. The Influence of Network Structure on the Transport of Blood in the Human Cerebral Microvasculature.Microcirculation19:175–187, 2012.AbstractIn this article, we explore how the structural properties of miniature networks influence the transport of blood through the human cerebral microvasculature. We propose four methods for generating such networks, and investigate both how the resulting network properties match available experimental data from the human cortex and how these properties affect the flow of blood through the networks. As the nature of such microvascular flow patterns is inherently random, we run multiple simulations. We find that the modified spanning tree method produces artificial networks having characteristics closest to those of the microvasculature in human brain, and also allows for high network flow passage per unit material cost, being statistically significantly better than three other methods considered here. Such results are potentially extremely valuable in interpreting experimental data acquired from humans and in improving our understanding of cerebral blood flow at this very small length scale. This could have a significant impact on improving clinical outcomes for vascular brain diseases, particularly vascular dementia, where localized flow patterns are very important.
Improved Mechanical Behavior and Plastic Deformation Capability of Ultrafine Grain Alumina Ceramics
Authors: Huang Lin , Yao Wenlong , Mukherjee Amiya K. , Schoenung Julie M. 
Published: November 2011

The nanoindentation and nanoscratch behavior under ramp loading conditions of three dense bulk alumina ceramic samples with average grain size regimes of ~290 nm, 750 nm, and 1.3 μm, respectively, has been investigated using a nanoindenterXPSsystem in indentation and scratch modes. The mechanical behavior, including hardness from nanoindentation tests, scratch hardness, scratch resistance, and coefficient of friction from nanoscratch tests, can be improved with grain refinement. Moreover, the surface roughness of the scratch grooves and the distinct morphologies of the nanoscratch debris from each sample reveal that alumina ceramic samples with ultrafine grain size exhibit an increase in plastic deformation capability at the nano‐ and micro‐scale.