bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Results on the Phenomenon Salting Out by a Nearcritical Gas
Authors: Tuma Dirk , Ulanova Tatiana , Chobanov Krasimir , Maurer Gerd 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUntersuchungen zur gasinduzierten Phasentrennung bzw. zum Aussalzen mit nahekritischen Gasen wurden an verschiedenen wässrigen Lösungen (auch mit ionischem Fluid) durchgeführt. Ziel war der Nachweis und die Charakterisierung von Hochdruckmehrphasengleichgewichten, die sich für eine technische Anwendung eignen. Kriterien hierfür sind Auftreten des Flüssig/flüssig‐Phasenzerfalls bei relativ niedrigem Druck, seine Existenz über einen weiten Druck‐ und Zusammensetzungsbereich und damit verbunden eine druckinduzierte Änderung der Zusammensetzung der koexistierenden Flüssigphasen. Die eingesetzten ionischen Fluide zeigen zwar das gewünschte Phasenverhalten, erfüllen die Kriterien aber nur teilweise. Im Vorgriff auf eine mögliche Anwendung wurde die Verteilung eines hochmolekularen, amphiprotischen Naturstoffs auf die koexistierenden Flüssigphasen untersucht und durch Einstellung des pH‐Werts gezielt verändert.
Epidermal growth factor receptor and K‐Ras mutations and resistance of lung cancer to insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Kim Woo‐Young , Prudkin Ludmila , Feng Lei , Kim Edward S. , Hennessy Bryan , Lee Ju‐Seog , Lee J. Jack , Glisson Bonnie , Lippman Scott M. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Hong Waun Ki , Lee Ho‐Young 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Most patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have responded poorly to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The authors investigated the involvement of insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R) signaling in primary resistance to EGFR TKIs and the molecular determinants of resistance to IGF‐1R TKIs.METHODS:Phosphorylated IGF‐1R/insulin receptor (pIGF‐1R/IR) was immunohistochemically evaluated in an NSCLC tissue microarray. The authors analyzed the antitumor effects of an IGF‐1R TKI (PQIP or OSI‐906), either alone or in combination with a small‐molecular inhibitor (PD98059 or U0126) or with siRNA targeting K‐Ras or mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase kinase (MEK), in vitro and in vivo in NSCLC cells with variable histologic features and EGFR or K‐Ras mutations.RESULTS:pIGF‐1R/IR expression in NSCLC specimens was associated with a history of tobacco smoking, squamous cell carcinoma histology, mutant K‐Ras, and wild‐type (WT) EGFR, all of which have been strongly associated with poor response to EGFR TKIs. IGF‐1R TKIs exhibited significant antitumor activity in NSCLC cells with WT EGFR and WT K‐Ras but not in those with mutations in these genes. Introduction of mutant K‐Ras attenuated the effects of IGF‐1R TKIs on NSCLC cells expressing WT K‐Ras. Conversely, inactivation of MEK restored sensitivity to IGF‐TKIs in cells carrying mutant K‐Ras.CONCLUSIONS:The mutation status of both EGFR and K‐Ras could be a predictive marker of response to IGF‐1R TKIs. Also, MEK antagonism can abrogate primary resistance of NSCLC cells to IGF‐1R TKIs. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Impact of carbon ion radiotherapy for unresectable osteosarcoma of the trunk
Authors: Matsunobu Akira , Imai Reiko , Kamada Tadashi , Imaizumi Takeshi , Tsuji Hiroshi , Tsujii Hirohiko , Shioyama Yoshiyuki , Honda Hiroshi , Tatezaki Shin‐ichiro ,   for the Working Group for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors summarized the outcomes of patients with unresectable osteosarcoma of the trunk who received carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT).METHODS:The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 78 patients who had medically inoperable osteosarcoma of the trunk and received treatment with CIRT between 1996 and 2009. Tumor sites included the pelvis in 61 patients, the spine and paraspinal region in 15 patients, and other sites in 2 patients. The median applied CIRT dose was 70.4 Gray equivalent (GyE) in a total of 16 fixed fractions over 4 weeks.RESULTS:The minimum duration of follow‐up for survivors was 14 months. Forty‐eight patients remained alive. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 33%, and the local control rate was 62%. Thirty‐eight patients who had a clinical target volume <500 cm3 had a 5‐year overall survival rate of 46% and a 5‐year local control rate of 88%. Except for 3 patients who experienced severe skin/soft tissue complications requiring skin grafts, no other severe toxicities were observed. Of 9 patients who were continuously disease free for >5 years, 8 were able to walk with or without the help of a cane, and 6 were free from pain killers.CONCLUSIONS:CIRT appeared to be a safe and effective modality for the management of unresectable osteosarcoma of the trunk, providing good local control and offering a survival advantage and good long‐term functional results without unacceptable morbidity. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Stathmin expression and its relationship to microtubule‐associated protein tau and outcome in breast cancer
Authors: Baquero Maria T. , Hanna Jason A. , Neumeister Veronique , Cheng Huan , Molinaro Annette M. , Harris Lyndsay N. , Rimm David L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) endogenously regulate microtubule stability. Here, the prognostic value of stathmin, a destabilizing protein, was assessed in combination with MAP‐tau, a stabilizing protein, in order to evaluate microtubule stabilization as a potential biomarker.METHODS:Stathmin and MAP‐tau expression levels were measured in a breast cancer cohort (n = 651) using the tissue microarray format and quantitative immunofluorescence (AQUA) technology, then correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics and disease‐free survival.RESULTS:Univariate Cox proportional hazard models indicated that high stathmin expression predicts worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.119‐1.966; P = .0061). Survival analysis showed 10‐year survival of 53.1% for patients with high stathmin expression versus 67% for low expressers (log‐rank, P < .003). Cox multivariate analysis showed high stathmin expression was independent of age, menopausal status, nodal status, nuclear grade, tumor size, and estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression (HR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.03‐1.37; P = .01). The ratio of MAP‐tau to stathmin expression showed a positive correlation to disease‐free survival (HR = 0.679; 95% CI = 0.517‐0.891; P = .0053) with a 10‐year survival of 65.4% for patients who had a high ratio of MAP‐tau to stathmin versus 52.5% 10‐year survival rate for those with a low ratio (log‐rank, P = .0009). Cox multivariate analysis showed the ratio of MAP‐tau to stathmin was an independent predictor of overall survival (HR = 0.609; 95% CI = 0.422‐0.879; P = .008).CONCLUSIONS:Low stathmin and high MAP‐tau are associated with increased microtubule stability and better prognosis in breast cancer. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
The functional cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated Protein 4 49G‐to‐A genetic variant and risk of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yang Ming , Sun Tong , Zhou Yifeng , Wang Li , Liu Li , Zhang Xiaojiao , Tang Xiaohu , Zhou Mo , Kuang Pengqun , Tan Wen , Li Hui , Yuan Qipeng , Yu Dianke 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Antitumor T lymphocytes play an essential part in immune surveillance of cancer cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated Protein 4 (CTLA‐4) is a negative regulator of T cell activation and proliferation and therefore influences immune surveillance of carcinogenesis of pancreas. Thus, this study examined the association between functional CTLA‐4 49G‐to‐A (49G>A) single‐nucleotide polymorphism and pancreatic cancer risk.METHODS:Genotypes were determined in 368 patients with pancreatic cancer and 926 controls, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression.RESULTS:A significant increased risk of pancreatic cancer was found to be associated with the CTLA‐4 49G>A single‐nucleotide polymorphism. Compared with noncarriers, the OR of developing pancreatic cancer for CTLA‐4 49 GA or AA carriers was 1.75 (95% CI = 1.34‐2.30, P = 4.83 × 10−5) or 2.54 (95% CI = 1.67‐3.87, P = 1.36 × 10−5), respectively. In stratified analyses, the association was more pronounced in GA and AA carriers aged ≤60 years (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.15‐4.47, Pinteraction = .002), smokers with GA and AA genotypes (OR = 3.92, 95% CI = 2.39‐6.43, Pinteraction = .037), and drinkers with GA and AA genotypes (OR = 4.55, 95% CI = 2.65‐7.82, Pinteraction = .042), compared with GG carriers. Moreover, a supermultiplicative interaction between the CTLA‐4 49AA genotype and smoking plus drinking was also evident in intensifying risk of pancreatic cancer (Pinteraction = 5.64 × 10−12).CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that CTLA‐4 49G>A polymorphism is involved in susceptibility to developing pancreatic cancer, alone and in a gene–environment interaction manner. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord of a C3G‐deficient mouse suggests that C3G acts in the reelin signaling pathway
Authors: Yip Yee Ping , Thomas Tim , Voss Anne K. , Yip Joseph W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractProper positioning of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the spinal cord is regulated by reelin signaling. SPNs in reeler (which lacks reelin), and in mice deficient in components of the reelin signaling pathway (reelin receptors VldlR and ApoER2, the cytoplasmic adaptor protein Dab1, Src and Fyn of the Src‐family of non‐receptor protein tyrosine kinases, and CrkL) are located adjacent to the central canal instead of in the intermediolateral column (IML) of the spinal cord. Events downstream of CrkL in control of SPN migration are unclear. The present study asks whether Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 (C3G/Rapgef1), a Ras family GEF that binds CrkL, could act downstream in the reelin signaling pathway in control of SPN migration. SPN migration was examined in a hypopmorphic C3G mutant mouse (C3Ggt/gt) by using retrograde DiI labeling and NOS immunostaining. The results showed that SPN in the C3Ggt/gt mutant migrate abnormally toward the central canal as in reeler. However, unlike reeler, levels of reelin in the C3Ggt/gt spinal cord are normal, and Dab1 immunostaining is undetectable. These results provide genetic evidence that C3G regulates SPN migration, and suggest that C3G acts downstream in the reelin signaling pathway in control of SPN migration. J. Comp. Neurol., 520:3194–3202, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copper‐Catalyzed C–N Coupling Reactions of Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds – Reaction of Iodofurazans with s‐Tetrazinylamines
Authors: Sheremetev Aleksei B. , Palysaeva Nadezhda V. , Struchkova Marina I. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. , Antipin Mikhail Yu. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAccess to unsymmetrical secondary dihetarylamines through the Cu(OAc)2/2‐acetylcyclohexanone catalyzed cross‐coupling of s‐tetrazinylamines with iodofurazans has been developed. The reaction displays good functional group tolerance, involving nitro, azido, and azo groups, which are critical for the construction of energetic materials. Both 3,6‐disubstituted and annelated s‐tetrazines react readily with iodofurazans to furnish the desired products.
Translation‐dependent mechanisms lead to PML upregulation and mediate oncogenic K‐RAS‐induced cellular senescence
Authors: Scaglioni Pier Paolo , Rabellino Andrea , Yung Thomas M. , Bernardi Rosa , Choi Sooyeon , Konstantinidou Georgia , Nardella Caterina , Cheng Ke , Pandolfi Pier Paolo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractExpression of oncogenic K‐RAS in primary cells elicits oncogene‐induced cellular senescence (OIS), a form of growth arrest that potently opposes tumourigenesis. This effect has been largely attributed to transcriptional mechanisms that depend on the p53 tumour suppressor protein. The PML tumour suppressor was initially identified as a component of the PML‐RARα oncoprotein of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). PML, a critical OIS mediator, is upregulated by oncogenic K‐RAS in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrate here that oncogenic K‐RAS induces PML protein upregulation by activating the RAS/MEK1/mTOR/eIF4E pathway even in the absence of p53. Under these circumstances, PML mRNA is selectively associated to polysomes. Importantly, we find that the PML 5′ untranslated mRNA region plays a key role in mediating PML protein upregulation and that its presence is essential for an efficient OIS response. These findings demonstrate that upregulation of PML translation plays a central role in oncogenic K‐RAS‐induced OIS. Thus, selective translation initiation plays a critical role in tumour suppression with important therapeutic implications for the treatment of solid tumours and APL.
Megalin mediates the influence of sonic hedgehog on oligodendrocyte precursor cell migration and proliferation during development
Authors: Ortega María Cristina , Cases Olivier , Merchán Paloma , Kozyraki Renata , Clemente Diego , de Castro Fernando 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) of the optic nerve are generated in the preoptic area, from where they migrate to colonize it entirely. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) induces the proliferation of these cells as well as influencing their migration, acting through its canonical receptor (Ptc‐1). However, the multiligand receptor megalin (or LRP‐2) is also involved in Shh‐induced OPC proliferation and migration, and thus, we have evaluated the relevance of this interaction. During the stages at which Shh influences OPC development, we found megalin to be selectively expressed by optic nerve astrocytes, whereas Ptc‐1 and Gli1 were found in OPCs. Indeed, this pattern of expression paralleled the rostral–caudal expression of the three Shh‐related molecules during the time course of plp‐dm20+‐OPC colonization. The blockage of megalin partially abolished OPC chemoattraction and fully impaired Shh‐induced proliferation. Using in vitro co‐cultures of dissociated optic nerve cells, we demonstrated that Shh was internalized by astrocytes via megalin, and sufficient Shh was subsequently released to produce the biological effects on OPCs observed in the nerve. Together, these data indicate that at least part of the influence of Shh on OPCs is mediated by megalin during optic nerve development, and that astrocytes expressing megalin transiently capture Shh to present it to OPCs and/or to control the gradient of this molecule during development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive care for sickle cell disease immigrant patients: A reproducible model achieving high adherence to minimum standards of care
Authors: Colombatti Raffaella , Montanaro Maria , Guasti Fabiola , Rampazzo Patrizia , Meneghetti Giorgio , Giordan Marco , Basso Giuseppe , Sainati Laura 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundComprehensive care and advances in clinical investigations have reduced morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD), but only a minority of children with SCD has access to comprehensive care. In Europe the majority of patients with SCD are immigrants who present barriers in accessing the health system; therefore, new evidence‐based models of comprehensive care are needed to ensure that all SCD patients receive high‐quality care, overcoming patient‐ and health system‐related barriers. We wanted to verify if addressing the specific needs of immigrant patients contributes to improving adherence.ProceduresLinguistic, cultural, social issues were considered in organizing comprehensive care in 2006. Hospital's records were used to determine access from 2006 to 2010 and to compare adherence before and after 2006.ResultsNinety‐four patients with SCD were enrolled in comprehensive care; 94% were first generation immigrants (81% African). Age at diagnosis was higher for children born abroad vs. children born in Italy (66.08 vs 25.36 months, P < 0.005). Since 2006, children were seen at least once a year, with 100% adherence to follow‐up appointments. Coverage increased from 26% to 97% for flu vaccination, from 80% to 92% for pneumococcus immunization, from 27% to 100% for Transcranial Doppler (TCD) screening (P < 0.001). Emergency Department access/patient/year and inpatient admissions/patient/year decreased from 2.3 to 0.98 and from 0.30 to 0.25, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsComprehensive care can be delivered to vulnerable groups obtaining high adherence if linguistic, cultural, social issues are addressed. This model may merit assessment in other communities where immigrants represent the majority of patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1275–1279. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How to define green adjuvants
Authors: Beck Bert , Steurbaut Walter , Spanoghe Pieter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe concept ‘green adjuvants’ is difficult to define. This paper formulates an answer based on two approaches. Starting from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) definition for green chemistry, production‐based and environmental‐impact‐based definitions for green adjuvants are proposed. According to the production‐based approach, adjuvants are defined as green if they are manufactured using renewable raw materials as much as possible while making efficient use of energy, preferably renewable energy. According to the environmental impact approach, adjuvants are defined as green (1) if they have a low human and environmental impact, (2) if they do not increase active ingredient environmental mobility and/or toxicity to humans and non‐target organisms, (3) if they do not increase the exposure to these active substances and (4) if they lower the impact of formulated pesticides by enhancing the performance of active ingredients, thus potentially lowering the required dosage of active ingredients. Based on both approaches, a tentative definition for ‘green adjuvants’ is given, and future research and legislation directions are set out. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
TiAl Ohmic contact on GaN, in situ high or low doped or Si implanted, epitaxially grown on sapphire or silicon
Authors: Cayrel F. , Ménard O. , Yvon A. , Thierry‐Jébali N. , Brylinsky C. , Collard E. , Alquier D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this work, the Ti/Al Ohmic contact quality on n‐type gallium nitride (GaN) films has been studied as a function of different process parameters such as surface cleaning procedure, etching, thickness of the deposited layers or annealing conditions. GaN epilayers, with uniform doping concentration from 1 × 1016 to 5.8 × 1018 at./cm3 were grown on sapphire or silicon substrates using AlN and/or AlGaN buffer layers. Electrical characterizations were made using circular transfer length method (cTLM) patterns with a four‐probe equipment. Specific contact resistance (SCR) was then extracted from current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, for all the process conditions. Contact structures depending on experiment parameters were studied by means of (scanning) transmission electronic microscopy (STEM‐TEM). Our results reveal that process parameters such as surface treatment have a lower impact than annealing temperature or metal thickness and annealing duration. Finally, SCR values of 1 × 10−6 Ω cm2 can be reproducibly achieved. Moreover, good Ohmic contacts have been obtained on etched surfaces or on low‐doped layers implanted with Si. This low value demonstrates a good Ohmic contact and this large parameter process window is of high interest for future device fabrication based on GaN (planar or mesa structures).
Synthesis, Characterization, Covalent Binding, and Degree of Unwinding of Platinum(II) Bipyridine Complexes
Authors: Patel Mohan , Gandhi Deepen S. , Parmar Pradhuman A. , Bhatt Bhupesh S. , Patidar Anshul P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe complexes [Pt(3′′‐clpbpy)Cl2] (1) [3′′‐clpbpy = 4‐(3′′‐chlorophenyl)‐6‐phenyl‐2, 2′‐bipyridine], [Pt(4′′‐clpbpy)Cl2] (2) [4′′‐clpbpy = 4‐(4′′‐chlorophenyl)‐6‐phenyl‐2, 2′‐bipyridine], [Pt(3′′‐brpbpy)Cl2] (3) [3′′‐brpbpy = 4‐(3′′‐bromophenyl)‐6‐phenyl‐2, 2′‐bipyridine], and [Pt(4′′‐brpbpy)Cl2] (4) [4′′‐brpbpy = 4‐(4′′‐bromophenyl)‐6‐phenyl‐2, 2′‐bipyridine] were synthesized and characterized. The binding of the complexes with herring sperm DNA (HS DNA) was investigated by absorption titration and viscosity measurements. It was found that the complexes have ability of interaction with DNA by covalent mode. The intrinsic binding constant Kb of the complexes with HS DNA is 8.76 × 104 (1), 9.89 ×104 (2), 1.52 × 105 (3), and 2.31 × 105 (4) M–1. The slight depression in relative specific viscosity was observed, which also attributes to covalent binding of complexes with DNA bases. Gel electrophoresis assay demonstrated the ability of the complexes to unwind negatively supercoiled pUC19 plasmid by 14° (1), 13° (2), 13° (3), and 11° (4). The in vitro cytotoxic property of the synthesized metal complexes was also carried out against brine shrimp bioassay.
Silicon‐Containing Explosives: Syntheses and Sensitivity Studies of (Azidomethyl)‐, Bis(azidomethyl)‐, and Tris(azidomethyl)silanes
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Nieder Anian , Richter Oliver , Troegel Dennis , Tacke Reinhold 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA series of (azidomethyl)silanes [Me3SiCH2N3 (1b),Me2Si(CH2N3)2 (2b), MeSi(CH2N3)3 (3b), (CH2)4Si(CH2N3)2 (4b), and (CH2)5Si(CH2N3)2 (5b)] was synthesized, starting from the corresponding (chloromethyl)silanes 1a–3a or (iodomethyl)silanes 4a and 5a. Compounds 1b–5b were characterized by NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy. The thermal stabilities of the (azidomethyl)silanes 1b–5b were investigated by DSC, and their impact and friction sensitivities were measured with standard BAM methods. According to these studies, the tris(azidomethyl)silane 3b has to be classified as an extremely sensitive compound.
Clinical study of ammonium acid urate urolithiasis
Authors: Chou Yii‐Her , Huang Chun‐Nung , Li Wei‐Ming , Huang Shu‐Pin , Wu Wen‐Jeng , Tsai Chia‐Chun , Chang Ai‐Wen , Chen Szu‐Miao , Lin Yu‐Ling , Lin Yi‐Pin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAmmonium acid urate (AAU) urolithiasis is a rare condition; however, it is endemic in some countries, with an especially high incidence in Asia. This study was conducted to investigate the special presentation of patients with AAU urolithiasis in Taiwan. Reports of 3457 stones were retrospectively reviewed from January 2005 to January 2010 and 25 patients with urinary stones (0.7%) containing AAU crystals were identified. The clinical and biochemical presentation of all stones were compared to evaluate the specific comorbidities of AAU stones. AAU stones were observed in 11 males (44%) and 14 females (56%) with a mean age of 60.60 ± 16.81 years and mean body mass index of 25.55 ± 3.73 kg/m2. AAU stones were frequently observed in the bladder (44%) and they were significantly larger (mean size 1.90 cm) than the non‐AAU stones (mean size 1.22 cm). Other significant comorbidities of AAU stones included chronic kidney disease (CKD) (60%), urinary tract infections (UTIs) (52%), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (36%), and gout (28%). In addition, there were also three patients with coexisting urothelial carcinoma (12%) in the AAU‐stone group. Patients with AAU urolithiasis were predominantly female, older in age, had increased bladder presentation, larger stones and a high percentage of coexisting CKD, UTIs, IBS, gout, and even urothelial carcinoma. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to evaluate and protect renal function in patients with AAU urolithiasis.