bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Improves Cardiometabolic Function in Young Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Tasali Esra , Chapotot Florian , Leproult Rachel , Whitmore Harry , Ehrmann David A. 
Published: December 2010

abstract

Context:
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are insulin resistant and have a high risk of early-onset diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has adverse cardiometabolic consequences and is highly prevalent in women with PCOS. We sought to determine whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment of OSA has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic function in PCOS.

Methods:
Laboratory polysomnography and cardiometabolic measurements including insulin sensitivity and secretion (iv glucose tolerance test); 24-h profiles of plasma catecholamines, cortisol, and leptin; and daytime profiles of blood pressure and cardiac autonomic activity (heart rate variability) were obtained at baseline and again after 8 wk of home CPAP treatment with daily usage monitoring.

Results:
CPAP treatment modestly improved insulin sensitivity after controlling for body mass index (P = 0.013). The change in insulin sensitivity correlated positively with CPAP use (adjusted P = 0.027) and negatively with body mass index (adjusted P = 0.003). Daytime and nighttime norepinephrine levels were decreased after CPAP (P = 0.002), and the reductions were greater with increased CPAP use (P = 0.03). Epinephrine, cortisol, and leptin levels were not changed significantly. Daytime diastolic blood pressure decreased by an average of 2.3 mm Hg after CPAP (P = 0.035). Cardiac sympathovagal balance was 44% lower (P = 0.007) after CPAP, reflecting a shift toward lower sympathetic activity.

Conclusions:
In young obese women with PCOS, successful treatment of OSA improves insulin sensitivity, decreases sympathetic output, and reduces diastolic blood pressure. The magnitude of these beneficial effects is modulated by the hours of CPAP use and the degree of obesity.
Liver Fat But Not Other Adiposity Measures Influence Circulating FGF21 Levels in Healthy Young Adult Twins
Authors: Tyynismaa Henna , Raivio Taneli , Hakkarainen Antti , Ortega-Alonso Alfredo , Lundbom Nina , Kaprio Jaakko , Rissanen Aila , Suomalainen Anu , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. 
Published: December 2010

abstract

Context:
Emerging as an important metabolic regulator, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has gained considerable interest in diabetes and obesity research. The circulating FGF21 concentration is fairly low in normal individuals, but elevated hormone levels may associate with obesity. The determining factors of FGF21 levels in humans are not clear.

Objective:
Our objective was to study the influence of genetic and acquired components to serum FGF21 variability in healthy young adult twins.

Design and Participants:
Fasting serum FGF21, lipids, body fat, and oral glucose tolerance test were investigated in 46 monozygotic (MZ) and 75 dizygotic twin pairs aged 22.8–33.1 yr. Subcutaneous, intraabdominal, and liver fat content were measured by magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy in a subsample of 24 MZ pairs.

Results:
Genetic factors contributed moderately (heritability 40%) to circulating serum FGF21 levels. Subjects with high FGF21 concentrations (≥ 250 pg/ml, n = 30) had higher fasting triglycerides, insulin, homeostasis model assessment index, and area under the curve glucose and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but similar measures of overall adiposity (body mass index, body fat percent) than subjects with lower FGF21 (&lt;100 pg/ml, n = 148). Importantly, in the MZ subsample, higher liver fat but not sc or intraabdominal fat content was found in subjects with high FGF21. Furthermore, in analyses controlling for genetic/familial effects in twin pairs, within-pair differences in liver fat (MZ) and triglycerides (dizygotic pairs) were the major acquired factors that correlated with differences in FGF21 concentrations.

Conclusions:
Genetic factors influence serum FGF21 levels. Of the acquired components, high liver fat and triglycerides rather than overall adiposity associate with high FGF21 levels.
MMP9 is protective against lethal inflammatory mass lesions in the mouse colon
Authors: Hald Andreas , Rønø Birgitte , Melander Maria C. , Ding Ming , Holck Susanne , Lund Leif R. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThe family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is responsible for extracellular matrix degradation during physiological and pathophysiological tissue remodeling processes such as embryogenesis, tissue repair and cancer progression. Despite these important roles of MMPs, inhibition or ablation of individual members of the MMP family in animal models have been shown to have little effect. It has been speculated that this results from a functional overlap between individual MMPs and (as-yet-unclassified) functional overlaps between MMPs and other protease systems. We here present genetic data showing that concomitant ablation of MMP9 (gelatinase B) and the serine protease plasmin results in lethal inflammatory mass lesions in the colon. These lesions possessed several histological attributes that are characteristic of mucosal prolapse seen in humans, and they were found to be associated with splenomegaly, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, decreased thymus size and altered populations of circulating immune cells. A time-course study provided evidence that the massive lymphoid hyperplasia and reactive changes were secondary to discrete fibrinous lesions also observed in mice only deficient for plasminogen (Plg), the zymogen for plasmin. These data demonstrate a non-appreciated vital protective role for MMP9 in the absence of Plg.
Crystal Structures and Substitution Reactions of trans(O,S)-[Ru(bpy)Cl(dmso-S)2(OH2)]+ and Three Derivative Complexes, trans(L,S)-[Ru(bpy)Cl(dmso-S)2(L)]+ (bpy: 2,2′-Bipyridine, dmso: Dimethyl Sulfoxide, L = dmso-O, MeOH, or MeCN)
Authors: Toyama Mari , Iwamatsu Shinobu , Inoue Ken-ichi , Nagao Noriharu 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The labile cationic aqua complexes, trans(O,S)-[Ru(bpy)Cl(dmso-S)2(OH2)]X (1·X; X− = PF6− or OTf−: CF3SO3−) have been prepared by the treatment of cis(Cl),cis(S)-[Ru(bpy)Cl2(dmso-S)2] with Ag+ in water at room temperature. When 1·X is dissolved in DMSO, MeOH, or MeCN, the OH2 ligand in 1+ is replaced with a solvent molecule (L) to yield trans(L,S)-[Ru(bpy)Cl(dmso-S)2(L)]+ (L = dmso-O, 2+; L = MeOH, 3+; and L = MeCN, 4+), respectively. Moreover, 2·(OTf) is also obtained by the reaction of cis(Cl),cis(S)-[Ru(bpy)Cl2(dmso-S)2] with Ag(OTf) in DMSO on refluxing. The four kinds of crystal structures of trans(L,S)-[Ru(bpy)Cl(dmso-S)2(L)]PF6 (1·PF6·H2O, 2·PF6, 3·PF6, and 4·PF6·MeCN) revealed that the structural parameters, except for the sixth axial ligand, were essentially the same, and the four ligands, the bpy, two dmso-S, and the equatorial Cl− ligands are connected by hydrogen bonding. All the OH2, dmso-O, MeOH, or MeCN ligands on the sixth coordination site at the axial position in cationic mono(bpy)ruthenium(II) complexes are labile so they are interconvertable. The [Ru(bpy)Cl(dmso-S)2] unit does not change at room temperature even in solutions due to the presence of hydrogen networks among the bpy, two dmso-S, and the equatorial Cl− ligands.
Sequential One-pot Reactions of Thioformates with Lithium Silylacetylides, Arylmagnesium Halides, and Electrophiles Leading to Formation of Propargyl Sulfides
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Ohashi Takayuki , Shibahara Fumitoshi 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
One-pot reactions of thioformates with lithium silylacetylides, arylmagnesium halides, and electrophiles that produce propargyl (2-propynyl) sulfides are described. The pathway for this process begins with addition of lithium (trimethylsilyl)acetylide to the thioformate C=S carbon. This step is followed by addition of the arylmagnesium halide to the sulfur atom of the C=S group in the in situ generated propynethial. The intermediacy of the propynethial in this process was confirmed by trapping through a Diels–Alder reaction with cyclopentadiene.
Autoimmune Markers in Diabetes
Authors: Winter William E , Schatz Desmond A 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUND
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) results from cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of the β cells of the islets of Langerhans. Autoantibodies directed against the islets are useful clinical tools that allow the recognition and confirmation of β-cell autoimmunity.

CONTENT
In this review we define the term “islet autoantibody,” describe the pathogenesis of autoantibody generation, and explain the uses of islet autoantibodies in clinical medicine and in research studies that concern the interruption or prevention of T1DM. We also discuss the biology of islet autoantibodies and their rates of appearance at the time of onset of T1DM and their appearance before the development of T1DM.

SUMMARY
The presence of islet autoantibodies in persons with diabetes confirms an autoimmune etiology. In nondiabetic individuals, islet autoantibodies are strong predictors of the later development of T1DM.
Phylogenetic analysis of major molds inhabiting woods and their discoloration characteristics. Part 1. Genus Trichoderma
Authors: Huh Nayoon , Jang Yeongseon , Lee Jaejung , Kim Gyu-Hyeok , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The genus Trichoderma Persoon is a cosmopolitan genus consisting of more than 104 species and is commonly found on wood surfaces as a mold where it affects the appearance. Little attention has been given to wood-colonizing Trichoderma species and few studies are dedicated for identification of Trichoderma at the level of species. In the present study, up to 142 isolates were obtained from various wood samples. One Gliocladium and ten Trichoderma species were identified by morphological and molecular analysis. T. atroviride (30.3%) was the most abundant species followed by T. citrinoviride (26.8%) and T. harzianum (23.9%). The ability of Trichoderma species to discolor wood was also examined on sapwood blocks made of the commercially important radiata pine (Pinus radiata). T. pleuroticola caused the greatest discoloration of the wood surface.
Phylogenetic analysis of major molds inhabiting woods and their discoloration characteristics. Part 2. Genus Penicillium
Authors: Jang Yeongseon , Huh Nayoon , Lee Jaejung , Sung Lee Jin , Kim Gyu-Hyeok , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this study, the diversity of wood inhabitingPenicilliumspecies in Korea was investigated through the analysis of their phenotypic traits and phylogeny. Moreover, the discoloration and growth patterns of these species on the surfaces of two commercially important conifers were examined. From a collection of 137Penicilliumisolates from various wood species, 37Penicilliumspecies have been identified including six unknownPenicilliumspecies. The occurrence of sixPenicilliumspecies in Korea was demonstrated for the first time:P. biourgeianum,P. decaturense,P. kloeckeri,P. meleagrinumvar.viridiflavum,P. ochrochloron, andP. sumatrense.P. funiculosumwas the most prevalent species (15.4%). Sapwood blocks of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were exposed to eachPenicilliumspecies to examine their discoloration and growth patterns on these woods. The blocks of Japanese red pine were more susceptible toPenicilliumgrowth, and the highest discoloration rate on both sapwood blocks was achieved by one of the recently described speciesP. decaturense.
Statistical Analysis of Hydride Reorientation Properties in Irradiated Zircaloy-2
Authors: Valance S. , Bertsch J. , Alam A. M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The orientation of hydrides in fuel cladding determines the anisotropic fracture behavior of Zircaloy and the failure modes of cladding tubes. Approach coupling experiments using the cladding tube deformation test and finite element analysis have successfully led to the quantification of the stress influencing reorientation of hydrides in unirradiated samples. An improved version of this procedure was applied to six samples of irradiated Zircaloy-2 from two different rods with three classes of thermo-mechanical loading. It was found that at medium maximum temperature, when no more than half of the hydrides were dissolved, the mechanical loading showed no measurable effect. When most of the hydrides were dissolved, the orientation and location of the hydrides depended strongly on the mechanical loading: The hydrides spatial location followed the hoop tensile stress. When the number of loading cycles was raised, the fraction of radial hydrides increased even for very low hoop tensile stress. The inner side of the cladding showed a marked depletion of hydrides whatever the size of the hoop stress. Since our test setup involved a tri-axial stress state, the possible influence of the other components of the stress tensor was evaluated. Through the use of a classical nucleation law, it was shown that for our test setup, the hoop stress was the important mechanical quantity. Therefore, the inner side depletion of hydrides may be attributed to three other factors: Residual stress, a memory effect, and a pumping effect by the inner liner.
Uveitis in Adult Patients with Rheumatic Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases at a Tertiary-care Hospital in Mexico City
Authors: JIMÉNEZ-BALDERAS FRANCISCO JAVIER , FERNANDEZ-ARRIETA GEMA , CAMARGO-CORONEL ADOLFO , AKE-UC MIGUEL ÁNGEL , VAZQUEZ-ZARAGOZA MIGUEL ANGEL , ZONANA-NACACH ABRAHAM , SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ LUIS ROBERTO , RIOS RITA , MARTINEZ-CASTRO FRANCISCO 
Published: December 2010

Objective.Our aim is to describe the frequency of uveitis associated with rheumatic inflammatory autoimmune diseases (RIAD) in adult patients admitted to the Rheumatology Department at a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico City. We also describe the clinical features, seasonal distribution, treatment, and ocular complications associated with this disease.Methods.We reviewed 1332 charts of patients with RIAD and selected those that had a diagnosis of uveitis. We obtained the following data: age, sex, type of uveitis and relationship with diagnosis of RIAD, recurrences, seasonal distribution, treatment, and residual visual deficit.Results.We found 57 (4.27%) cases of uveitis in 1332 charts, including 38 men and 19 women (M:F ratio 2:1), aged 47 ± 16 years. Nongranulomatous acute anterior uveitis (NGAAU) comprised 90.52% of cases (52/57). In 64.91% of cases (37/57), uveitis preceded the diagnosis of RIAD by 12 ± 9 years, more frequently in winter (35.96%; p = NS). Uveitis was found in 40/93 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), in 7/11 patients with relapsing polychondritis (RP), in 8/16 patients with Behçet’s disease, in 1/16 patients with polyarteritis nodosa, and in 1/590 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ninety-six percent of the patients were treated with steroids. Upon a mean followup of 60 days (range 7–4745 days), reduction of visual acuity (≤ 20/200) was associated with recurrence of uveitis in 3/7 cases with AS, in 4/8 cases with Behçet’s disease, in 3/7 with RP, and in 1 case of uveitis and seronegative RA.Conclusion.NGAAU frequently precedes RIAD and is found predominately in men, with a tendency to occur in winter.
Temporal Small-Vessel Inflammation in Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis: Clinical Course and Preliminary Immunohistopathologic Characterization
Authors: BELILOS ELISE , MADDOX JUDY , KOWALEWSKI ROBERT M. , KOWALEWSKA JOLANTA , TURI GEORGE K. , NOCHOMOVITZ LUCIEN E. , KHAN YAQOOT , CARSONS STEVEN E. 
Published: December 2010

Objective.To investigate the occurrence, clinical correlates, and immunohistochemical phenotype of temporal small-vessel inflammation (TSVI) in temporal artery biopsies from patients presenting with clinical features of giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.We retrospectively reviewed 41 temporal artery biopsy specimens for the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in small vessels external to the temporal artery adventitia (TSVI); 33 had sufficient clinical and pathological data for detailed analysis. Clinical and laboratory features at presentation and corticosteroid treatment patterns of patients with isolated TSVI were compared to those of patients with positive and negative biopsies. The cellular composition of the infiltrates was further characterized by immunohistochemistry.Results.Twenty-three (70%) specimens had evidence of TSVI including 10 with concurrent GCA and 13 (39%) with isolated TSVI. TSVI was found in all positive temporal artery biopsies. The proportion of macrophages and of lymphocyte subpopulations differed between infiltrates observed in TSVI and those of the main temporal artery wall. Initial erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was similar in the TSVI and positive biopsy groups and was significantly higher than in the negative biopsy group. Patients with isolated TSVI more often had symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica compared to the positive biopsy group. Patients with TSVI received corticosteroid doses that were intermediate between patients with positive and those with negative biopsies.Conclusion.A significant number of patients with clinical features of GCA demonstrated isolated TSVI. Differences in the clinical presentation and cellular composition suggest that TSVI may represent a subset of GCA and should be considered in the interpretation of temporal artery biopsies and treatment decisions.
Direct Cost-Modeling of Rheumatoid Arthritis According to Disease Activity Categories in France
Authors: BERESNIAK ARIEL , GOSSEC LAURE , GOUPILLE PHILIPPE , SARAUX ALAIN , BAMBERGER MARION , BREGMAN BRUNO , DUPONT DANIELLE 
Published: December 2010

Objective.The objective of this cost-of-illness study was to assess the use of direct medical resources, excluding drug costs, by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in France, and to construct cost estimates according to level of disease activity.Methods.Three categories of RA disease activity were defined according to Disease Activity Score 28-joint count (DAS28) thresholds: remission (DAS28 < 2.6), low disease activity state (LDAS; i.e., DAS28 ≤ 3.2), and moderate to high disease activity (MHDAS; i.e., DAS28 > 3.2). Eight resource utilization items were defined: medical visits, laboratory tests, hospitalization, imaging, physiotherapy, nursing, adaptive aids, and transportation. Resource utilization and unit costs from the national-payer perspective were estimated through expert opinion and simulated using distribution ranges for each item. Cost distributions were computed by Monte-Carlo simulations estimating overall costs per 6 months over a 2-year period.Results.For patients achieving remission, costs were estimated at a mean of €771 (SD 199) for the first 6 months and at €511 (SD 162) for each subsequent 6-month period. For patients achieving LDAS, costs were estimated at €905 (SD 263) for the first 6 months and €696 (SD 240) for each subsequent 6-month period. For patients in MHDAS, costs were estimated at €1215 per 6 months (SD 405).Conclusion.This cost-of-illness assessment provided current estimates of direct medical costs for RA according to disease activity in France. The findings suggest that achieving remission or LDAS is associated with substantially lower medical costs for RA versus being in MHDAS.
Botulinum Toxin Intramuscular Injections for Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: LANGEVIN PIERRE , LOWCOCK JANET , WEBER JEFFREY , NOLAN MAY , GROSS ANITA R. , PELOSO PAUL M. , ROBERTS JOHN , GRAHAM NADINE , GOLDSMITH CHARLES H. , BURNIE STEPHEN J. , HAINES TED 
Published: December 2010

Objective.To assess the effect of intramuscular botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections on pain, function/disability, global perceived effect, and quality of life (QOL) in adults with neck pain (NP).Methods.We searched Central, Medline, and Embase databases up to June 2010. A minimum of 2 authors independently selected articles, abstracted data, and assessed risk of bias and clinical applicability. We estimated standard mean differences (SMD) with 95% CI, relative risks (RR), and performed metaanalyses (SMDp) using a random-effects model for nonheterogeneous data. The approach of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group summarizes the quality of evidence.Results.We selected 14 trials. High-quality evidence suggested BoNT-A was no better than saline at 4 weeks [4 trials/183 participants; SMDp−0.21 (95% CI −0.50 to 0.07)] and 6 months for chronic NP. Moderate-quality evidence showed a similar effect for subacute/chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) on pain [4 trials/122 participants; SMDp−0.21 (95% CI −0.57 to 0.15)], disability, and QOL. Very low-quality evidence indicated BoNT-A combined with exercise and analgesics was not significant for chronic NP reduction at 4 weeks [3 trials/114 participants; SMDp−0.08 (95% CI −0.45 to 0.29)] but was at 6 months [2 trials/43 participants; SMDp−0.66 (95% CI −1.29 to −0.04)].Conclusion.Current evidence does not confirm a clinically or statistically significant benefit of BoNT-A used alone on chronic NP in the short term or on subacute/chronic WAD pain, disability, and QOL. Larger trials, subgroups, and predictors of responses defineda priori(to facilitate selection of patients most likely to benefit) and factorial designs to explore BoNT as an adjunct treatment to physiotherapeutic exercise and analgesics are needed.
Disease Activity, Smoking, and Reproductive-related Predictors of Poor Prognosis in Patients with Very Early Inflammatory Polyarthritis
Authors: VERSTAPPEN SUZANNE M.M. , McCOY MELANIE J. , ROBERTS CHRIS , DALE NICOLA E. , HASSELL ANDREW B. , SYMMONS DEBORAH P.M. 
Published: December 2010

Objective.To identify disease activity, smoking, and reproductive-related predictors of a poor prognosis in patients with very early inflammatory polyarthritis (IP).Methods.Patients with very early IP (symptom duration 4–11 weeks) included in our study were participants in the STIVEA (Steroids In Very Early Arthritis) randomized placebo-controlled trial. At baseline, disease-related variables were measured and patients were asked to complete a questionnaire covering smoking status and reproductive questions. Baseline predictors of poor prognosis [i.e., the need to start disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy by 6 months or the clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at 12 months] were identified, applying logistic regression analyses adjusted for treatment group.Results.Rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity was one of the strongest clinical predictors of a poor prognosis: OR for DMARD therapy at 6 months, 4.00 (95% CI 2.00–8.00) and OR for a diagnosis of RA at 12 months, 9.48 (95% CI 4.48–20.07). There was a significant association between current smoking at baseline compared to never smoking and a diagnosis of RA at 12 months (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.16–8.56).Conclusion.About 6 in 7 patients with very early RF-positive IP were diagnosed with RA 1 year later. In addition, 1 in 4 IP patients who smoke will develop RA later. It is recommended to treat RF-positive patients who have IP with DMARD at presentation and to advise patients to stop smoking.
Les universaux d'imagination : une invention de Vico
Authors: Saint Girons Baldine 
Published: December 2010

Résumé Prétendant établir les « principes » (universels et nécessaires, par définition) d’une « science nouvelle concernant la nature commune des nations », Vico postule l’existence d’un « fond commun de vérité » propre aux « idées uniformes, nées chez des peuples inconnus les uns des autres ». L’universel s’appréhende à partir du commun, mais sous la condition expresse qu’on ne se contente pas de l’observation empirique, conçue comme ultime instance de légitimation, mais qu’on privilégie le travail inventif de l’imagination et le travail critique de la raison, prise comme pouvoir de validation. L’imagination monte à l’universel et elle produit des « universaux d’imagination », dont il importe de comprendre le statut et la fonction.