bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering Abdominal Aortic Diseases Through T‐Cell Clonal Repertoire of Perivascular Adipose Tissue
Authors: Piacentini Luca , Vavassori Chiara , Werba Pablo J. , Saccu Claudio , Spirito Rita , Colombo Gualtiero I. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Recent studies suggest that immune‐mediated inflammation of perivascular adipose tissue of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) contributes to disease development and progression. Whether the perivascular adipose tissue of AAA is characterized by a specific adaptive immune signature remains unknown.

Methods and Results
To investigate this hypothesis, we sequenced the T‐cell receptor β‐chain in the perivascular adipose tissue of patients with AAA and compared it with patients with aortic occlusive disease, who share the former anatomical site of the lesion and risk factors but differ in pathogenic mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that patients with AAA have a lower repertoire diversity than those with aortic occlusive disease and significant differences in variable/joining gene segment usage. Furthermore, we identified a set of 7 public T‐cell receptor β‐chain clonotypes that distinguished AAA and aortic occlusive disease with very high accuracy. We also found that the T‐cell receptor β‐chain repertoire differentially characterizes small and large AAAs (aortic diameter<55 mm and ≥55 mm, respectively).

Conclusions
This work supports the hypothesis that T cell–mediated immunity is fundamental in AAA pathogenesis and opens up new clinical perspectives.
Imposing Policy on Reluctant Actors: The Hospital Desegregation Campaign and Black Postneonatal Mortality in the Deep South
Authors: Anderson D. Mark , Charles Kerwin Kofi , Rees Daniel I. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 1966, Southern hospitals were barred from participating in Medicare unless they discontinued their longstanding practice of racial segregation. Using data from five Deep South states and exploiting county-level variation in Medicare certification dates, we find that gaining access to an ostensibly integrated hospital had no effect on Black postneonatal mortality. Similarly, there is little evidence that the campaign contributed to the trend towards in-hospital births among Southern Black mothers. These results are consistent with descriptions of the hospital desegregation campaign as producing only cosmetic changes and illustrate the limits of anti-discrimination policies imposed upon reluctant actors.
The Summer Drop in Female Employment
Authors: Price Brendan M. , Wasserman Melanie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We provide the first systematic account of summer declines in women's labor market activity. From May to July, US women's employment-to-population ratio declines 1.1pp, whereas men's rises; women's hours worked fall 9.8%, twice the decline among men. School closures for summer break provide a unifying explanation. The summer drop aligns with cross-state differences in school closure timing, is concentrated among mothers with young school-aged children, and coincides with increased time spent on childcare. Gender differences both within and across jobs explain gender gaps in summer exits from employment. Women's summer work interruptions contribute to gender gaps in pay.
Fascist Transnationalism
Authors: Toro Daniele 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The article argues that contact between the German, Austrian, and Italian radical nationalist milieux through the long 1920s represented a specific form of fascist relationship-building which should be understood in terms of fascist transnationalism: a cross-border networking process that took place against the backdrop of fluid, evolving social relationships. Starting from the analysis of the mutual exclusiveness of radical nationalist mobilizations, the article highlights the analytical limits of the concept ‘internationalism’ when applied to early fascist relationships that developed in transnational, informal settings. Then, it makes an argument for a processual approach based on the observation of relational practices, while sketching out the peculiarities of these milieux. Accordingly, it outlines the development of the trilateral networking process between German, Austrian, and Italian organizations (Stahlhelm, DNVP, NSDAP, Heimwehren, and PNF) along its different stages. Finally, it offers an outlook on the key features of fascist transnationalism grounded in the historical analysis of this specific triangular case study.
“Maybe he’s thinking something on the inside but is not showing it to us”: The Dynamics of Neighborhood Relations between Azerbaijani and Armenian Communities in a Multiethnic Region in Georgia after the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020
Authors: Kosicińska Klaudia 
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the specifics of post-conflict neighborhood relations in the Azerbaijani and Armenian communities in Kvemo Kartli, one of the most ethnically mixed regions in Georgia. The diverse ethnic composition of the region and its historical and political background demonstrate that the non-homogenous, multiethnic local communities coexist, coping with post-conflict experiences. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted between 2020 and 2022, including interviews and field observations, this paper presents how the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh war influenced contemporary Azerbaijani-Armenian relations in Georgia. The results of author's research indicate that local communities developed contrasting approaches and strategies while still maintaining neighborly relations involving antagonistic tolerance. The article poses the question of whether relations in the community are based on the komshuluk system, or whether it is rather the case of antagonistic tolerance. It also reveals in what situations conflicts occur and in what situations good neighborly relations are nurtured. Therefore, the research results also fill a gap in the studies on interethnic relations in Georgia after the Nagorno-Karabakh war. This is also the first study that uses the aforementioned theoretical framework to analyze this particular area in Georgia.
Identifying Climate Patterns Using Clustering Autoencoder Techniques
Authors: Kurihana Takuya , Mastilovic Ilijana , Wang Lijing , Meray Aurelien , Praveen Satyarth , Xu Zexuan , Memarzadeh Milad , Lavin Alexander , Wainwright Haruko 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The complexity of growing spatiotemporal resolution of climate simulations produces a variety of climate patterns under different projection scenarios. This paper proposes a new data-driven climate classification workflow via an unsupervised deep learning technique that can dimensionally reduce the vast volume of spatiotemporal numerical climate projection data into a compact representation. We aim to identify distinct zones that capture multiple climate variables as well as their future changes under different climate change scenarios. Our approach leverages convolutional autoencoders combined with k-means clustering (standard autoencoder) and online clustering based on the Sinkhorn–Knopp algorithm (clustering autoencoder) across the conterminous United States (CONUS) to capture unique climate patterns in a data-driven fashion from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model with GOLD component (GFDL-ESM2G). The developed approach compresses 70 years of GFDL-ESM2G simulation at 0.125° spatial resolution across the CONUS under multiple warming scenarios to a lower-dimensional space by a factor of 660 000 and then tested on 150 years of GFDL-ESM2G simulation data. The results show that five climate clusters capture physically reasonable and spatially stable climatological patterns matched to known climate classes defined by human experts. Results also show that using a clustering autoencoder can reduce the computational time for clustering by up to 9.2 times when compared to using a standard autoencoder. Our five unique climate patterns resulting from the deep learning–based clustering of the lower-dimensional space thereby enable us to provide insights on hydrometeorology and its spatial heterogeneity across the conterminous United States immediately without downloading large climate datasets.

Significance Statement
This paper presents a data-driven climate classification approach using unsupervised deep learning to dimensionally reduce climate model outputs and to identify distinct climate regions for their future changes. Our approach compresses climate information for 70 years of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model data across the conterminous United States (CONUS) at 0.125° spatial resolution. The results reveal that five climate clusters capture reasonable and stable climatological patterns matched to known climate patterns. The embedded clustering process in deep learning provides ×9.2 times faster execution than the k-means clustering technique. These results give us insight about climate spatial patterns and heterogeneity of hydrological patterns across the conterminous United States without downloading large climate datasets.
Child meal support program, food and nutrition insecurity, and health among Korean children
Authors: Cho Seongha 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundKorea's child meal support program (CMSP) aims to reduce food and nutrition insecurity (FNI) and improve health among children from low-income households.AimWe examined the impact of different types of CMSP on children's FNI and health in Korea, analyzing meal frequency and healthful food consumption (FNI), and general health and depression (health) among child meal card (CMC) and facility meal service (FMS) participants compared with nonparticipants.MethodsThe 2018 Comprehensive Survey on Korean Children data were analyzed. Precisely, 847 children from low-income households aged 9–17 were categorized into CMC ( n = 331), FMS ( n = 209), and income-eligible nonparticipants ( n = 307). Propensity score-weighted generalized linear models assessed CMSP's impact on FNI and health. Stratified generalized linear models examined heterogeneity in FNI–health associations by CMSP status.ResultsCMC participants reported more frequent breakfast consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 0.662, p < 0.05) but poorer self-rated general health (OR = 1.890, p < 0.05); FMS participants were less likely to have three meals (OR = 1.814, p < 0.05), fruits and vegetables (OR = 2.194, p < 0.001), and protein-rich foods daily (OR = 1.695, p < 0.05) than nonparticipants. Health risks associated with healthful food consumption and meal frequency were more pronounced among CMC and FMS/nonparticipants, respectively.ConclusionCMSP had a limited impact on reducing FNI and improving health among children from low-income households. CMC appeared more effective than FMS in alleviating FNI, notwithstanding potential health concerns. Food assistance programs should seek comprehensive enhancements in children's food and nutrition security and health.
Developing the Open Psychedelic Evaluation Nexus consensus measures for assessment of supervised psilocybin services: An e-Delphi study
Authors: Korthuis Philip Todd , Hoffman Kim , Wilson-Poe Adrianne R. , Luoma Jason B. , Bazinet Alissa , Pertl Kellie , Morgan David L. , Cook Ryan R. , Bielavitz Sarann , Myers Renae , Wolf Robert Cameron , McCarty Dennis , Stauffer Christopher S. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Voter initiatives in Oregon and Colorado authorize legal frameworks for supervised psilocybin services, but no measures monitor safety or outcomes. Aims: To develop core measures of best practices. Methods: A three-phase e-Delphi process recruited 36 experts with 5 or more years’ experience facilitating psilocybin experiences in various contexts (e.g., ceremonial settings, indigenous practices, clinical trials), or other pertinent psilocybin expertise. Phase I, an on-line survey with qualitative, open-ended text responses, generated potential measures to assess processes, outcomes, and structure reflecting high quality psilocybin services. In Phase II, experts used seven-point Likert scales to rate the importance and feasibility of the Phase I measures. Measures were priority ranked. Qualitative interviews and analysis in Phase III refined top-rated measures. Results: Experts ( n = 36; 53% female; 71% white; 56% heterosexual) reported currently providing psilocybin services (64%) for a mean of 15.2 [SD 13.1] years, experience with indigenous psychedelic practices (67%), and/or conducting clinical trials (36%). Thematic analysis of Phase I responses yielded 55 candidate process measures (e.g., preparatory hours with client, total dose of psilocybin administered, documentation of touch/sexual boundaries), outcome measures (e.g., adverse events, well-being, anxiety/depression symptoms), and structure measures (e.g., facilitator training in trauma informed care, referral capacity for medical/psychiatric issues). In Phase II and III, experts prioritized a core set of 11 process, 11 outcome, and 17 structure measures that balanced importance and feasibility. Conclusion: Service providers and policy makers should consider standardizing core measures developed in this study to monitor the safety, quality, and outcomes of community-based psilocybin services.
Pivotal role of orexin signaling in the posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus during the stress-induced reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior
Authors: Illenberger Jessica M , Flores-Ramirez Francisco J , Pascasio Glenn , Franco Marissa , Mendonsa Brandon , Martin-Fardon Rémi 
Published: June 2024

Background: The orexin (OX) system has received increasing interest as a potential target for treating substance use disorder. OX transmission in the posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (pPVT), an area activated by highly salient stimuli that are both reinforcing and aversive, mediates cue- and stress-induced reinstatement of reward-seeking behavior. Oral administration of suvorexant (SUV), a dual OX receptor (OXR) antagonist (DORA), selectively reduced conditioned reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior and stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior in dependent rats. Aims: This study tested whether OXR blockade in the pPVT with SUV reduces oxycodone or sweetened condensed milk (SCM) seeking elicited by conditioned cues or stress. Methods: Male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer oxycodone (0.15 mg/kg, i.v., 8 h/day) or SCM (0.1 ml, 2:1 dilution [v/v], 30 min/day). After extinction, we tested the ability of intra-pPVT SUV (15 µg/0.5 µl) to prevent reinstatement of oxycodone or SCM seeking elicited by conditioned cues or footshock stress. Results: The rats acquired oxycodone and SCM self-administration, and oxycodone intake correlated with signs of physical opioid withdrawal, confirming dependence. Following extinction, the presentation of conditioned cues or footshock elicited reinstatement of oxycodone- and SCM-seeking behavior. Intra-pPVT SUV blocked stress-induced reinstatement of oxycodone seeking but not conditioned reinstatement of oxycodone or SCM seeking or stress-induced reinstatement of SCM seeking. Conclusions: The results indicate that OXR signaling in the pPVT is critical for stress-induced reinstatement of oxycodone seeking, further corroborating OXRs as treatment targets for opioid use disorder.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Monetary Value of Informal Caregiving for Non-Institutionalized People Living With Dementia
Authors: Cantu Phillip , Cho Tsai-Chin , Wyman Mary , Helppie-McFall Brooke , Ajrouch Kristine J. 
Published: June 2024

Objective To examine racial and ethnic differences in costs of informal caregiving among older adults with dementia in the United States. Methods We used data from the 2002 to 2018 Health and Retirement Survey to estimate annual informal care hours for adults with dementia ( n = 10,015). We used regression models to examine racial and ethnic differences in hours of informal care for activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL, controlling for demographic characteristics, education, and level of disability. Results Our sample was 70% non-Hispanic White, 19% non-Hispanic Black, and 11% Hispanic. Hispanics received, on average, 35.8 hours of informal care each week, compared to 30.1 for Blacks and 20.1 for Whites. Racial and ethnic differences persisted when controlling for covariates. Discussion Informal care is a greater cost to racial and ethnic minoritized families. Informal care was valued at a replacement cost of $44,656 for Hispanics, $37,508 for Blacks, and $25,121 for Whites.
Resmetirom: The First Food and Drug Administration–Approved Medication for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: Guirguis Erenie , Dougherty John , Thornby Krisy , Grace Yasmin , Mack Keri 
Published: June 2024

Objective: To review the literature leading to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first medication, resmetirom, for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), including the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, dosing, and adverse effects. Relevant data will be used to discuss how resmetirom impacts clinical practice. Data sources: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE from database inception to May 12, 2024. Keywords included non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and resmetirom. Study selection, data extraction and all English-language studies involving the use of resmetirom for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/NASH were included. Data synthesis: Resmetirom, a thyroid hormone receptor agonist, is administered at daily doses of either 80 mg or 100 mg. The drug was shown to provide NASH resolution as assessed by the NAFLD activity score, 80 mg-24.2%, 100 mg-25.9% compared to 14.2% with the placebo group ( P < 0.001). Resmetirom, improved liver fibrosis, 80 mg-25.9%, 100 mg-29.9% compared to 9.7% with the placebo group ( P < 0.001). Resmetirom’s ability to improve fibrosis in patients with F2-F3 fibrosis offers valuable benefit for patients at risk of progressing to cirrhosis. Relevance to patient care and clinical practice: Resmetirom expands the medication options available to treat patients with NASH which can be given alongside other medications to optimize metabolic factors such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Resmetirom was well tolerated in studies. Conclusion: Resmetirom serves as an attractive option in patients diagnosed with NASH with evidence of advanced fibrosis (F2-F3) in combination with exercise, diet, and other multimodal therapies targeting metabolic risk factors.
Carotid atherosclerotic plaque microcalcification is independently associated with recurrent neurovascular events: A pilot study
Authors: Bhakta Shiv , Tarkin Jason M , Chowdhury Mohammed M , Rudd James HF , Warburton Elizabeth A , Evans Nicholas R 
Published: June 2024

Background: Microcalcification and macrocalcification are critical processes in atherosclerotic plaque progression, though how these processes relate to the risk of stroke recurrence in symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of data from the ICARUSS (Imaging Carotid Atherosclerosis in the Recovery and Understanding of Stroke Severity) study, where individuals with acute ischemic stroke originating from ipsilateral carotid stenosis of ⩾ 50% underwent 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (NaF-PET) to measure microcalcification. Tracer uptake was quantified using maximum tissue-to-background ratio (TBRmax). Macrocalcification was measured on computed tomography (CT) using Agatston scoring. Patients were followed up for 6 months for recurrent ipsilateral neurovascular events. Results: Five (27.8%) of 18 individuals had a recurrent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Ipsilateral carotid plaque NaF uptake at baseline was higher in those with recurrent events compared to those without, and this association remained after adjustment for other vascular risk factors (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.24, 1.03–1.50). Macrocalcification score in the symptomatic artery was also significantly independently associated with ipsilateral recurrence, but the effect size was relatively smaller (aOR = 1.12, 1.06–1.17 for each 100 unit increase). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that microcalcification in symptomatic carotid plaques is independently associated with ipsilateral ischemic stroke recurrence. Furthermore, differences in the extent of active microcalcification in macrocalcified plaques may help explain variation in the relationship between calcified carotid plaques and stroke recurrence reported in the literature. Our pilot study indicates that evaluation of carotid artery microcalcification using NaF-PET may be a useful method for risk-stratification of carotid atherosclerosis, though our findings require confirmation in larger cohorts.
Investigating the Potential of Multilineage Differentiating Stress-Enduring Cells for Osteochondral Healing
Authors: Watanabe Shotaro , Hosokawa Hiroaki , Sakamoto Takuya , Horii Manato , Ono Yoshimasa , Kimura Seiji , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Ohtori Seiji , Sasho Takahisa 
Published: June 2024

Objective Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells, a pluripotent stem cell subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have shown promise for various tissue repairs due to their stress tolerance and multipotent capabilities. We aimed to investigate the differentiation potential in vitro, the dynamics in vivo, and the reparative contribution of Muse cells to osteochondral lesions. Design Labeled MSCs were cultured and sorted into Muse and non-Muse (MSCs without Muse cells) groups. These cells were then formed into spheroids, and chondrogenic differentiation was assessed in vitro. Twenty-one immunocompromised mice were used as the in vivo models of osteochondral lesions. Live imaging, macroscopic evaluation, and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted at the 4- and 8-week time points. Results Muse cell spheroids were formed, which were larger and stained more intensely with toluidine blue than non-Muse spheroids, indicating better chondrogenic differentiation. Live imaging confirmed luminescence in all 4-week model knees, but only in a few knees at 8 weeks, suggesting cell persistence. Macroscopically and histologically, no significant differences were observed between the Muse and non-Muse groups at 4 and 8 weeks; however, both groups showed better cartilage repair than that of the vehicle group at 8 weeks. No collagen type II generation was observed in the repaired tissues. Conclusion The implantation of the spheroids of Muse and non-Muse cells resulted in better healing of osteochondral lesions than that of the controls, and Muse cells had a higher chondrogenic differentiation potential in vitro than non-Muse cells.
Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease: A New Perspective
Authors: Turner Christopher 
Published: June 2024

First recorded in 1928, people living with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at a three to four times higher risk of developing periodontal disease (PD) than non-diabetics; for those who smoke this risk increases up to ten times. However, many doctors are unaware of this. DM and PD are bidirectionally linked, the one affecting the other and vice versa, although the mechanism is not fully understood and may be linked to chronic infection. PD has an adverse effect on glycaemic control. That improves when periodontitis is successfully treated. Doctors should consider PD when their patients have persistently high glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and dentists should consider diabetes or pre-diabetes when they have patients with unstable or progressive periodontitis. Doctors, dentists, and their teams need to share results. A traffic light system of red, amber and green for both medical and dental risks is proposed, and a pro forma designed, so that diabetics themselves can share them with their professional advisors until such times as there are reliable methods of interprofessional communication and a paradigm shift in working practices is achieved. Dentists need to find ways to teach their medical colleagues about the basics of PD, update their medical records, and understand more about medical risks. More research is required.