bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SS: Cryogenic Pipeline - Defining the Next Generation for LNG loading: Decision Analysis and Risk Assessment of Technology Management of New Technology vs. Conventional Trestle System
Authors: Beike Dieter K. , Gibbons Frank Bruce , Stokes Edward Gene 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT
The decision to apply a new " unproven?? technology is a difficult one to make. Companies avoid it as much as possible. We all like to be the second one to use a new " successful?? idea. Be the " fast follower?? and get the benefit of lower cost and/or schedule without having the development cost or the risk of failure. If we ever apply " unproven?? technology it is usually the result of either being forced into it by not having a suitable alternative or the assessment of the risks is overwhelmingly in favor of applying it.
In the case of LNG/LPG loading terminals the use of traditional technology has been slow to change. It seems that sticking with what has worked in the past outweighs the risk associated with the incremental benefit that could be obtained from a new product. When traditional technology gets stretched beyond the point of reasonableness, then new technology has a chance to be applied. As new LNG loading and regas facilities are being studied, it can be observed, that some terminal locations are several kilometers away from the plant, hence, a traditional loading approach might not be the best solution. Thus, the new technology of using a subsea cryogenic pipeline has been under development over the last several years and promises substantial reduction in cost relative to a trestle. This paper focuses on the process that projects like Brass in West Africa and elsewhere are following when faced with this problem and have to compare and contrast the risks and uncertainties of applying new technology to their product loading system.

INTRODUCTION
In April 2007, at the San Antonio LNG Conference, the Managing Director of the Brass LNG Project announced that the project had decided to install sub-sea cryogenic pipelines (SSPL) as an integral part of its LNG marine loading facilities. The use of SSPL was largely driven by expected cost reductions due to ongoing optimization studies and the unstable security situation in the Niger delta.
Today's LNG mega projects face significant capital costs, from $200/tonne in 2004 to more than $1,000/tone in 2008. This is forcing investors to make final investment decisions with project costs in excess of $5-10 billion. Thus, the steps to reduce cost and optimize the design are essential for the viability of these projects. In projects with long shallow near shore environments and long trestles, costs for trestle construction and operation constitute a major part of lifetime costs of an LNG plant. Therefore, cost reduction is the determining driver.
Management of Commissioning and Start-Up Activities for Moho Bilondo Integrated Project
Authors: Kiehl Vincent 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
As Commissioning and Start-up activities are always marking the final stage of a Project, they must be carefully planned and organized together well in advance. This is particularly relevant when they take place within an integrated Project like Moho- Bilondo. These activities are divided into several packages including worldwide technology and equipment, subsurface wells completion to surface equipment, and bringing a deep offshore field development to Congo for the first time.
The Moho-Bilondo project was a very tightly driven project over a 34 month period, from first contracts signatures to First Oil flowing at Djeno terminal facilities. As a result of this, it was important to set out the main principles that were to be used over the 3 year period by the Field Operations team with the assistance of other project packages in order to fit into the project time schedule.
These principles have been based on the three commitments, as follows:

1. The use of ICAPS software
ICAPS is an "in-house" Company tool which stands for Integrated Commissioning and Progress System.
It is the compulsory software to be used to apply the Company OPERCOM methodology, in order to prepare and execute PreCommissioning and Commissioning activities for EPCC contracts and it also facilitates feedback for statistical information and internal Commissioning database update.
Since mid 2006, the project ICAPS database has been progressively built during the so called ‘Commissioning preparation phase’. This has been prepared by the contractor teams under the close supervision of the Company Commissioning team and has covered the main packages such as UFL, SPS and FPU.
For instance, the FPU package preparation phase took around 8 months and the final database was divided into 58 systems, 351 sub-systems with sub-systems ranking sequence optimized to meet the earliest First Oil date. Then, in summer 2007, the ‘Commissioning execution phase’ started in Ulsan and in Kongsberg respectively for the FPU and the SPS packages. Around 112 000 hrs of Commissioning activities were performed over a 6 month period at the Hyundai yard premises including 12 300 tasks including Instrumentation, Electricity, Mechanical, Piping, Structure, Telecom, HVAC…etc.
Thanks to ICAPS software, the priorities were set and optimized weekly in order to achieve rapid progress on the critical subsystems path to First Oil. This was made possible by sharing the same tool with the contractors and was primarily managed and controlled by key Company personnel such as punch list coordinator, ICAPS coordinator, Commissioning Site Leader and of course the Commissioning Manager.
Driving force in first‐order phase transitions and its application to gas hydrate nucleation from a single phase
Authors: Carreón‐Calderón Bernardo , Soria Alberto , Romero‐Martínez Ascención 
Published: July 2009

AbstractClassical nucleation theories of general application are taken as starting point to analyze the driving force for multicomponent gas hydrate nucleation from a single homogeneous phase. It is shown that the ratio between the specific surface energy and the critical radius of nucleation has a single value irrespective of the analyzed driving force expression. From this result, two driving force expressions for multicomponent gas hydrate nucleation are derived in the context of the so‐called generalized nucleation theory, and it is demonstrated that the driving force for gas hydrates can be estimated using the same information given for the determination of the incipient formation points of the dispersed phase from a saturated phase. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
ABC transporters and isothiocyanates: potential for pharmacokinetic diet–drug interactions
Authors: Telang Urvi , Ji Yan , Morris Marilyn E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIsothiocyanates, a class of anti‐cancer agents, are derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and watercress, and have demonstrated chemopreventive activity in a number of cancer models and epidemiologic studies. Due to public interest in cancer prevention and alternative therapies in cancer, the consumption of herbal supplements and vegetables containing these compounds is widespread and increasing. Isothiocyanates interact with ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters such as P‐glycoprotein, MRP1, MRP2 and BCRP, and may influence the pharmacokinetics of substrates of these transporters. This review discusses the pharmacokinetic properties of isothiocyanates, their interactions with ABC transporters, and presents some data describing the potential for isothiocyanate‐mediated diet–drug interactions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An interspecies comparison of placental antibody transfer: New insights into developmental toxicity testing of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Pentšuk Nele , van der Laan Jan Willem 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThere are profound differences in maternofetal transfer of immunoglobulins between species with extensive gestational transfer of maternal immunoglobulins in primates (including humans) via the chorioallantoic placenta as well as in rabbits and guinea pigs via the inverted yolk sac splanchnopleure. In contrast, other neonatal rodents (rats and mice) receive passive immunity predominantly postnatally. This transfer is mediated principally via FcRn receptors. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are most commonly of the IgG1 subclass, which is transported most efficiently to the fetus. In all animal species used for testing developmental toxicity, fetal exposure to IgG is very low during organogenesis, but this increases during the latter half of gestation such that the neonate is born with an IgG1 concentration similar to the mother (but not rats and mice). Review of mAb developmental toxicity studies of licensed products reveals Cynomolgus monkey as the species used in the majority of the cases (10 out of 15). Pregnancy outcome data from women gestationally exposed to mAb is limited. In general, the findings are consistent with the expected low exposure during organogenesis. Guinea‐pigs and rabbits are potential candidates as “alternatives” to the use of nonhuman primates as the maternofetal transfer in the last part of gestation is at a level similar in humans. Based on the pattern of placental transfer of IgG in humans, study designs that allow detection of both the indirect effects in early gestation plus the effects of direct fetal exposure in mid and late gestation are recommended for developmental toxicity of mAbs. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 86:328–344, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncoupling proteins: A complex journey to function discovery
Authors: Cioffi Federica , Senese Rosalba , de Lange Pieter , Goglia Fernando , Lanni Antonia , Lombardi Assunta 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSince their discovery, uncoupling proteins have aroused great interest due to the crucial importance of energy‐dissipating system for cellular physiology. The uncoupling effect and the physiological role of UCP1 (the first‐described uncoupling protein) are well established. However, the reactions catalyzed by UCP1 homologues (UCPs), and their physiological roles are still under debate, with the literature containing contrasting results. Current hypothesis propose several physiological functions for novel UCPs, such as: (i) attenuation of reactive oxygen species production and protection against oxidative damage, (ii) thermogenic function, although UCPs do not generally seem to affect thermogenesis, UCP3 can be thermogenic under certain conditions, (iii) involvement in fatty acid handling and/or transport, although recent experimental evidence argues against the previously hypothesized role for UCPs in the export of fatty acid anions, (iv) fatty acid hydroperoxide export, although this function, due to the paucity of the experimental evidence, remains hypothetical, (v) Ca2+ uptake, although results for and against a role in Ca2+ uptake are still emerging, (vi) a signaling role in pancreatic beta cells, where it attenuates glucose‐induced insulin secretion. From the above, it is evident that more research will be needed to establish universally accepted functions for UCPs. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Treatment and outcomes of gastric cancer among United States‐born and foreign‐born Asians and Pacific Islanders
Authors: Byfield Stacey A. DaCosta , Earle Craig C. , Ayanian John Z. , McCarthy Ellen P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors investigated whether stage at diagnosis, cancer treatments, and survival of Asian and Pacific Islander (API) gastric cancer patients in the United States vary by birthplace.METHODS:The authors studied 6454 API and 10,099 non‐Hispanic white (NHW) patients diagnosed with gastric cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program between 1992 and 2005. In descriptive analyses, stage, receipt of adequate lymph node examination (ALNE), and surgery were compared among US‐born APIs, foreign‐born (FB) APIs, and NHWs. Multivariate polytomous logistic and proportional hazards regression models were used to assess differences in cancer stage and survival, respectively, adjusted for clinical and demographic factors.RESULTS:As a group, APIs were more likely than NHWs to present with earlier‐stage diagnoses and receive surgery and ALNE (P < .001). However, FB (adjusted odds ratios [aOR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73‐0.86) but not US‐born APIs (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.92‐1.20) were significantly more likely to present at earlier stages than NHWs. Compared with NHW patients, FB and US‐born APIs were more likely to receive surgery (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.09 and aRR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.14, respectively) and ALNE (aRR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.41 and aRR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.32, respectively). In fully adjusted models, FB (adjusted relative hazard ratios [aHR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82‐0.90) but not US‐born APIs (aHR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.89‐1.04) had more favorable survival than NHWs.CONCLUSIONS:The earlier‐stage diagnosis, more complete surgical treatment, and improved survival of Asians and Pacific Islanders with gastric cancer may result from less aggressive tumors or more prompt recognition and thorough evaluation of early symptoms. Further study of these factors could improve outcomes for all patients with gastric cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Parent‐child communication patterns during the first year after a parent's cancer diagnosis
Authors: Gazendam‐Donofrio Stacey , Hoekstra Harald , van der Graaf Winette , van de Wiel Harry , Visser Annemieke , Huizinga Gea , Hoekstra‐Weebers Josette 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Good parent‐child communication is thought to help families adjust more easily during stressful events such as parental cancer. Families dealing with cancer who communicate openly have reported less psychological distress. The first year after diagnosis may be particularly stressful. The authors investigated parents' quality of life (QOL) and stress‐response symptoms and parent‐child communication during the first year after diagnosis and examined possible relationships between communication and parents' functioning.METHODS:Recently‐diagnosed cancer patients (N = 70) and spouses (N = 55) participated within 4 months of diagnosis (T1) and 6 months (T2) and 12 months later (T3). Parents reported on communication with the children (PACS) and on their own physical and psychosocial functioning (RAND‐36) and stress‐response symptoms (IES).RESULTS:Parent‐child communication remained stable throughout the first year after diagnosis and was similar to communication in families 1 year to 5 years after diagnosis. Patients' functioning improved and cancer‐related distress decreased significantly. Spouses' cancer‐related distress decreased; their functioning fluctuated through the year. In concurrent analyses, patients' open communication with the children related only to T1 intrusion. Spouses' open communication related to T3 psychosocial functioning; problem communication related to T1 and T2 psychosocial functioning and T2 avoidance. In prospective analyses, no significant relationships were found between parent‐child communication and change in parents' functioning.CONCLUSIONS:Communication between parents and children remained stable over time; patients' and spouses' functioning improved. Parent‐child communication seems to have a limited affect on parents' functioning. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Histologic characteristics enhance predictive value of American Joint Committee on Cancer staging in resectable pancreas cancer
Authors: Helm James , Centeno Barbara A. , Coppola Domenico , Melis Marcovalerio , Lloyd Mark , Park Jong Y. , Chen Dung‐Tsa , Malafa Mokenge P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) anatomic stage group is considered relatively nondiscriminatory for predicting differences in survival after pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma, a perception confirmed in the authors' patients and by other reports. The authors' aim was to investigate the potential for improving the predictive value of AJCC staging by incorporating individually predictive histologic features into AJCC tumor‐node‐metastasis classification of anatomic extent, and determine the simplest combination of tumor characteristics predicting survival.METHODS:The authors determined survival of 137 patients who underwent pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma with curative intent (stage Groups IA ‐ IIB) at Moffitt Cancer Center during the last 2 decades using data obtained from medical record review, the Moffitt Cancer Registry, and the Social Security Death Index. Histologic characteristics were confirmed by expert review.RESULTS:Median survival was 21.2 months after pancreatectomy with a 3‐year disease‐specific survival of 36%. Univariate Kaplan‐Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling found worse survival with local extrapancreatic extension, poorly differentiated histology, and lymphatic invasion within tumor (P < .05). Survival was not worse with nodal metastases, microscopically positive resection margins, and perineural or venous invasion, nor was survival better with cancer arising from an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Kaplan‐Meier estimates for different variable combinations showed prognosis was best for well‐ or moderately differentiated tumors without lymphatic invasion and confined to the pancreas (9.9 years median survival), worst for poorly differentiated tumors with lymphatic invasion and local extension beyond the pancreas (8.5 months median survival), and intermediate for well‐ or moderately differentiated tumors with either lymphatic invasion or local extension beyond the pancreas (21.2 months median survival).CONCLUSIONS:A simple combination of tumor differentiation, lymphatic invasion within the tumor, and local extrapancreatic extension predicts survival after pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Breast reconstructive surgery in medically underserved women with breast cancer
Authors: Maly Rose C. , Liu Yihang , Kwong Elaine , Thind Amardeep , Diamant Allison L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Breast reconstructive surgery can improve mastectomy patients' emotional relationships and social functioning, but it may be underutilized in low‐income, medically underserved women. This study assessed the impact of patient‐physician communication on rates of breast reconstructive surgery in low‐income breast cancer (BC) women receiving mastectomy.METHODS:A cross‐sectional, California statewide survey was conducted of women with income less than 200% of the Federal Poverty Level and receiving BC treatment through the Medicaid Breast and Cervical Cancer Treatment Program. A subset of 327 women with nonmetastatic disease who underwent mastectomy was identified. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. The chief dependent variable was receipt of or planned breast reconstructive surgery by patient report at 6 months after diagnosis; chief independent variables were physician interactive information giving and patient perceived self‐efficacy in interacting with physicians.RESULTS:Greater physician information giving about BC and its treatment and greater patient perceived self‐efficacy positively predicted breast reconstructive surgery (OR = 1.12, P = .04; OR = 1.03, P = .01, respectively). The observed negative effects of language barriers and less acculturation among Latinas and lower education at the bivariate level were mitigated in multivariate modeling with the addition of the patient‐physician communication and self‐efficacy variables.CONCLUSIONS:Empowering aspects of patient‐physician communication and self‐efficacy may overcome the negative effects of language barriers and less acculturation for Latinas, as well as of lower education generally, on receipt of or planned breast reconstructive surgery among low‐income women with BC. Intervening with these aspects of communication could result in breast reconstructive surgery rates more consistent with the general population and in improved quality of life among this disadvantaged group. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Racial disparities and survival for nonsmall‐cell lung cancer in a large cohort of black and white elderly patients
Authors: Hardy Dale , Xia Rui , Liu Chih‐Chin , Cormier Janice N. , Nurgalieva Zhannat , Du Xianglin L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study aimed to examine disparities in survival and associated factors for patients with nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to determine whether racial disparities varied over time (1991‐1995, 1996‐1999, and 2000‐2002).METHODS:The authors studied 70,901 patients aged ≥65 years with stage I‐IV NSCLC identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results/Medicare data. Multivariate time‐to‐event survival analyses were completed using Cox proportional regression modeling.RESULTS:The 5‐year observed lung cancer‐specific survival rates were 52.7% for whites and 47.5% for blacks with stage I‐II disease, and 17.7% and 19.6% for whites and blacks, respectively at stages III‐IV. After controlling for standard treatment, socioeconomic status (SES), and other factors, there were no significant differences in all‐cause mortality, or lung cancer‐specific mortality between black and white patients with stage I‐II or III‐IV lung cancer. However, blacks had an increased risk for overall all‐cause mortality at stage I‐IV (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.13‐1.35), and during 2000‐2002 at stage III‐IV for all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.47) and lung cancer‐specific mortality (HR, 1.24; 95% CI,1.01‐1.53). Standard treatment was significantly associated with increased survival, whereas poor SES was associated with increased mortality.CONCLUSIONS:There were no significant differences in survival between blacks and whites with NSCLC within stage stratifications after adjusting for covariates, except for black patients at overall stage for all‐cause mortality and at stage III‐IV diagnosed in 2000‐2002. Receiving stage‐specific evidence‐based standard therapy was associated with significantly increased survival. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Parallelizing dense and banded linear algebra libraries using SMPSs
Authors: Badia Rosa M. , Herrero José R. , Labarta Jesús , Pérez Josep M. , Quintana‐Ortí Enrique S. , Quintana‐Ortí Gregorio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe promise of future many‐core processors, with hundreds of threads running concurrently, has led the developers of linear algebra libraries to rethink their design in order to extract more parallelism, further exploit data locality, attain better load balance, and pay careful attention to the critical path of computation. In this paper we describe how existing serial libraries such as (C)LAPACK and FLAME can be easily parallelized using the SMPSs tools, consisting of a few OpenMP‐like pragmas and a run‐time system. In the LAPACK case, this usually requires the development of blocked algorithms for simple BLAS‐level operations, which expose concurrency at a finer grain. For better performance, our experimental results indicate that column‐major order, as employed by this library, needs to be abandoned in benefit of a block data layout. This will require a deeper rewrite of LAPACK or, alternatively, a dynamic conversion of the storage pattern at run‐time. The parallelization of FLAME routines using SMPSs is simpler as this library includes blocked algorithms (or algorithms‐by‐blocks in the FLAME argot) for most operations and storage‐by‐blocks (or block data layout) is already in place. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.