bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5°N
Authors: Kanzow T. , Cunningham S. A. , Johns W. E. , Hirschi J. J-M. , Marotzke J. , Baringer M. O. , Meinen C. S. , Chidichimo M. P. , Atkinson C. , Beal L. M. , Bryden H. L. , Collins J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) makes the strongest oceanic contribution to the meridional redistribution of heat. Here, an observation-based, 48-month-long time series of the vertical structure and strength of the AMOC at 26.5°N is presented. From April 2004 to April 2008, the AMOC had a mean strength of 18.7 ± 2.1 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) with fluctuations of 4.8 Sv rms. The best guess of the peak-to-peak amplitude of the AMOC seasonal cycle is 6.7 Sv, with a maximum strength in autumn and a minimum in spring. While seasonality in the AMOC was commonly thought to be dominated by the northward Ekman transport, this study reveals that fluctuations of the geostrophic midocean and Gulf Stream transports of 2.2 and 1.7 Sv rms, respectively, are substantially larger than those of the Ekman component (1.2 Sv rms). A simple model based on linear dynamics suggests that the seasonal cycle is dominated by wind stress curl forcing at the eastern boundary of the Atlantic. Seasonal geostrophic AMOC anomalies might represent an important and previously underestimated component of meridional transport and storage of heat in the subtropical North Atlantic. There is evidence that the seasonal cycle observed here is representative of much longer intervals. Previously, hydrographic snapshot estimates between 1957 and 2004 had suggested a long-term decline of the AMOC by 8 Sv. This study suggests that aliasing of seasonal AMOC anomalies might have accounted for a large part of the inferred slowdown.
Parameterization of Lakes and Wetlands for Energy and Water Balance Studies in the Great Lakes Region*
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Cherkauer Keith A. , Bowling Laura C. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Lakes and wetlands are prevalent around the Great Lakes and play an important role in the regional water and energy cycle. However, simulating their impacts on regional-scale hydrology is still a major challenge and not widely attempted. In the present study, the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model is applied and evaluated with a physically based lake and wetland algorithm, which can simulate the effect of lakes and wetlands on the grid cell energy and water balance. The VIC model was calibrated at 10 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauging stations against daily streamflow records for the period of 1985–95, and successfully evaluated for the period of 1996–2005. Single-grid sensitivity experiments showed that runoff, baseflow, and inundation area were sensitive to the lake model parameters. Simulations were also conducted to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of inundation area for the period of 1985–2005. Results indicated that water and energy fluxes were substantially affected when lakes and wetlands were included in model simulations. Domain-averaged annual mean evapotranspiration (ET) was increased by 5% while annual mean total runoff was decreased by 12% with lakes and wetlands. Latent heat flux increased while sensible heat flux decreased because of the inclusion of lakes and wetlands.
An Evaluation of Satellite Remote Sensing Data Products for Land Surface Hydrology: Atmospheric Infrared Sounder*
Authors: Ferguson Craig R. , Wood Eric F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe skill of instantaneous Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) retrieved near-surface meteorology, including surface skin temperature (Ts), air temperature (Ta), specific humidity (q), and relative humidity (RH), as well as model-derived surface pressure (Psurf) and 10-m wind speed (w), is evaluated using collocated National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in situ observations, offline data from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS), and geostationary remote sensing (RS) data from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). Such data are needed for RS-based water cycle monitoring in areas without readily available in situ data. The study is conducted over the continental United States and Africa for a period of more than 6 years (2002–08). For both regions, it provides for the first time the geographic distribution of AIRS retrieval performance. Through conditional sampling, attribution of retrieval errors to scene atmospheric and surface conditions is performed. The findings support previous assertions that performance degrades with cloud fraction and that (positive) bias enhances with altitude. In general AIRS is biased warm and dry. In certain regions, strong AIRS–NCDC correlation suggests that bias-driven errors, which can be substantial, are correctable. The utility of the error characteristics for prescribing the input-induced uncertainty of RS retrieval models is demonstrated through two applications: a microwave soil moisture retrieval algorithm and the Penman–Monteith evapotranspiration model. An important side benefit of this study is the verification of NLDAS forcing.
Polarimetric Radar Observations of Convection in Northwestern Mexico during the North American Monsoon Experiment
Authors: Lang Timothy J. , Rutledge Steven A. , Cifelli Robert 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The spatial and temporal variability of convection during the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) was examined via analysis of three-dimensional polarimetric radar data. Terrain bands were defined as the Gulf of California (over water) and elevations of 0–500 m above mean sea level (MSL; coastal plain), 500–1500 m MSL, and &gt;1500 m MSL. Convective rainfall over the Gulf typically featured the smallest values of median volume diameter (D0) regardless of rain rate. Gulf convection also contained reduced precipitation-sized ice water mass but proportionally more liquid water mass compared to convection over land. These maritime characteristics were magnified during disturbed meteorological regimes, which typically featured increased precipitation over the Gulf and adjacent coastal plain. Overall, the results suggest increased reliance on warm-rain collision and coalescence at the expense of ice-based precipitation growth processes for convective rainfall over the Gulf, relative to the land. Over land D0, ice, and liquid water mass all increased with decreasing terrain elevation, suggesting intensification of convection as it moved off the Sierra Madre Occidental. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that both warm-rain and ice-based rainfall processes play important roles in precipitation formation over land. Coastal-plain convection underwent microphysical modifications during disturbed meteorological regimes that were similar to Gulf convection, but the changes were less dramatic. High-terrain convection experienced little microphysical variability regardless of meteorological regime.
Rethinking Philosophy: The Power of the Word
Authors: Kemp Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe author discusses the limits, the power and the dangers of speech, seen as the essential mode of all philosophical ‘acts’. The place of speech in the public sphere is mentioned in relation to the politico-religious debates that have taken place in Denmark in the last few years. The paper returns to and develops the inaugural speech at the World Philosophy Conference in Seoul, South Korea, in July 2008.
Imaginaries of Cultural Diversity and the Permanence of the Religious
Authors: Mancini Silvia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe author starts by noting a discourse that is widespread but more or less diffuse in the media and certain contemporary political and intellectual quarters, and which has to do with ‘the permanence of the religious’: according to an idea now current, the religious might be resistant to the process of secularization of civil society, because of its psychological and existential implications, or if seen as a universal, irreducible component of human culture. The author analyses the different aspects of this discourse, puts them into perspective in order to draw out their intellectual and political elements and attempts to reconstruct their historical and cultural origins and show how the refusal to historicize ‘religion’ is expressed today through various types of scientific argument coming out of the human and social sciences (arguments which appeal, for example, to the Latin concept of ‘civilization’, or the Germanic one of ‘Kultur’).
Religion, Faith and Toleration
Authors: Ndiaye Aloyse Raymond 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe religious intolerance that nowadays feeds a number of current conflicts leads us to rethink our modern conception of toleration, which emerged from the theological and philosophical debates accompanying or thrown up by the doctrinal controversies and politico-religious wars of the 16th and 17th centuries. It is defined by respect for distinct orders: that of conscience and that of the law, private and public, faith and reason. It bears the mark of religion and theology and relates to the idea of human dignity which was given its ethical foundation in the 18th century by Kant's doctrine of autonomy. Current events teach us that still today people kill and persecute in the name of faith, in the name of God, in the name of religion, because they have a different opinion or belief. If toleration, child of the Enlightenment and critical reason, has not definitively gained the upper hand in a rational, technical world, we need to ask whether it is not because we have neglected faith. To conclude from the distinction between reason and faith that they are antagonistic has not led to uprooting the human spirit's intolerance. Might we have forgotten that peace is also the business of religion? What should we expect, what should we hope for from dialogue between religions? Could faith be the antidote to intolerance?
Nocebo effects in multiple sclerosis trials: a meta-analysis
Authors: Papadopoulos D. , Mitsikostas DD 
Published: June 2010

Objective: To estimate the incidence and severity of nocebo responses in trials of symptomatic treatments (STs) and disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We conducted a systematic Medline search for all randomised, placebo-controlled MS trials published between 1989 and 2009. Meta-analysis of the incidence of nocebo responses was performed by pooling the percentage of placebo-treated patients that exhibited adverse events. Nocebo severity was calculated from the percentage of placebo-treated patients that dropped-out due to drug-related adverse events. Results: Data were extracted from 56 DMT and 44 ST eligible trials. The pooled incidence of nocebo responses was 74.4% (95% CI: 69.92—88.30) in DMT trials and 25.3% (95% CI: 15.24—36.90) in ST trials and was significantly higher in the former ( p < 0.0001). The pooled nocebo severity was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.6—2.67) in DMT and 2.34% (95% CI: 1.54—3.29) in ST trials. Meta-regression analysis revealed a higher nocebo incidence in parallel design ST studies compared to crossover ones ( p = 0.013) and a higher nocebo severity in phase II ST studies compared to phase III ones ( p = 0.0001). Nocebo severity in DMT trials exhibited an association with the year of study publication ( p = 0.011) and the frequency of drug administration ( p = 0.0082). Conclusions: Nocebo responses in MS trials are substantial and appear to have increased significantly in recent years with important implications for both trial design and clinical practice. Furthermore, nocebo responses exhibit an association with medication and trial-related factors.
Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with a dedicated coil: a clinical pilot study
Authors: Herth Felix JF. , Eberhard Ralf , Gompelmann Daniela , Slebos Dirk-Jan , Ernst Armin 
Published: June 2010

Background: Lung volume reduction aims to improve symptoms by reducing hyperinflation. Endoscopic approaches so far have generally been hampered in their efficacy by collateral ventilation (CV). We sought to determine the safety and feasibility of a new endoscopic lung volume reduction approach independent of the effects of CV. Methods: Patients with severe emphysema were eligible. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were modeled after the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) study. Homogenous and heterogeneous disease was allowed. Treatment consisted of the placement of coils into the parenchyma of the most diseased area with the intent of achieving parenchymal compression. Primary endpoints were safety and feasibility assessments. Secondary endpoints were efficacy outcomes. Results: Eleven patients underwent 21 procedures. Procedures were performed under general anesthesia and lasted 45±15 minutes and per procedure 4.9±0.6 coils were placed. All procedures were well tolerated. The total follow-up time was 7-11 months and in that time 33 adverse events were reported, none of them severe. No pneumothorax occurred. Efficacy seemed better in heterogeneous rather than homogenous disease. Conclusion: Endoscopic lung volume reduction with coils is safe and feasible. Further studies of the efficacy are indicated.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin from trophoblasts induces dendritic cell–mediated regulatory TH2 bias in the decidua during early gestation in humans
Authors: Guo Pei-Fen , Du Mei-Rong , Wu Hai-Xia , Lin Yi , Jin Li-Ping , Li Da-Jin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThymic stromal lymphopoietins (TSLPs) play critical roles in dendritic cell–mediated immune responses. In this study, we found that human trophoblasts and decidual epithelial cells in maternal-fetal interface of early placentas express TSLP mRNA and protein, but only trophoblast cells secret soluble TSLP. Human decidual CD1c+ DCs (dDCs) highly express the functional TSLP receptor complex TSLP receptor and interleukin-7 receptor-α. Recombinant human TSLP activates CD1C+ decidual DCs and peripheral monocyte-derived DCs with increased costimulatory molecules, major histocompatibility complex class II, and OX-40L. Human TSLP or supernatants from human trophoblasts specifically stimulate dDCs to highly produce interleukin-10 and TH2-attracting chemokine CCL-17. The TSLP-activated dDCs prime decidual CD4+ T cells for TH2 cell differentiation, involved in maternal-fetal immunotolerance. Interestingly, the protein expression of TSLP in normal pregnancy with significant TH2 bias is much higher than that of miscarriage showing TH1 bias at the maternal-fetal interface. Therefore, human trophoblasts may contribute to maternal-fetal tolerance by instructing dDCs to induce regulatory TH2 bias in human early pregnancy via TSLP.
Platelet transcriptional profile and protein expression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: up-regulation of the type I interferon system is strongly associated with vascular disease
Authors: Lood Christian , Amisten Stefan , Gullstrand Birgitta , Jönsen Andreas , Allhorn Maria , Truedsson Lennart , Sturfelt Gunnar , Erlinge David , Bengtsson Anders A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a markedly increased risk to develop cardiovascular disease, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors fail to account for this increased risk. We used microarray to probe the platelet transcriptome in patients with SLE and healthy controls, and the gene and protein expression of a subset of differentially expressed genes was further investigated and correlated to platelet activation status. Real-time PCR was used to confirm a type I interferon (IFN) gene signature in patients with SLE, and the IFN-regulated proteins PRKRA, IFITM1 and CD69 (P < .0001) were found to be up-regulated in platelets from SLE patients compared with healthy volunteers. Notably, patients with a history of vascular disease had increased expression of type I IFN-regulated proteins as well as more activated platelets compared with patients without vascular disease. We suggest that interferogenic immune complexes stimulate production of IFNα that up-regulates the megakaryocytic type I IFN-regulated genes and proteins. This could affect platelet activation and contribute to development of vascular disease in SLE. In addition, platelets with type I IFN signature could be a novel marker for vascular disease in SLE.
A revised model for the secretion of tPA and cytokines from cultured endothelial cells
Authors: Knipe Laura , Meli Athinoula , Hewlett Lindsay , Bierings Ruben , Dempster John , Skehel Paul , Hannah Matthew J. , Carter Tom 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEndothelial cells are reported to contain several distinct populations of regulated secretory organelles, including Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) organelle, and the type-2 chemokine-containing organelle. We show that the tPA and type-2 organelles in human endothelial cells represent a single compartment primarily responsible for unstimulated secretion of tPA or, in cells exposed to interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the cytokines IL-8, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and growth-regulated oncogene-α (GRO-α). This compartment was distinct from WPBs in that it lacked detectable von Willebrand factor, P-selectin, Rab27a, or CD63 immunoreactivity, displayed no time-dependent decrease in intragranule pH, underwent detectable unstimulated exocytosis, and was very poorly responsive to Ca2+-elevating secretagogues. WPBs could also contain tPA, and in IL-1β–treated cells, IL-8, IL-6, MCP-1, and GRO-α, and were the primary source for histamine or ionomycin-stimulated secretion of these molecules. However, analysis of the storage efficiency of cytokines and tPA revealed that all were very poorly stored compared with von Willebrand factor. The nonmammalian, nonsecretory protein EGFP, when expressed in the secretory pathway, also entered WPBs and had a storage efficiency similar to tPA and the cytokines tested. Based on these data, we proposed a revised model for storage and secretion of cytokines and tPA.
Comparable survival after HLA-well-matched unrelated or matched sibling donor transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first remission with unfavorable cytogenetics at diagnosis
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Tallman Martin S. , He Wensheng , Logan Brent R. , Copelan Edward , Gale Robert Peter , Khoury Hanna J. , Klumpp Thomas , Koreth John , Lazarus Hillard M. , Marks David I. , Martino Rodrigo , Rizzieri David A. , Rowe Jacob M. , Sabloff Mitchell , Waller Edmund K. , DiPersio John F. , Bunjes Donald W. , Weisdorf Daniel J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe compared the outcomes of unrelated donor (URD, n = 358) with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–matched sibling donor (MSD, n = 226) transplantations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) having unfavorable cytogenetics at diagnosis. Unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities were: complex (≥ 3 abnormalities), 32%; and noncomplex involving chromosome 7, 25%; chromosome 5, 9%; 11q or MLL rearrangements, 18%; t(6;9), 5%; and other noncomplex, 10%. URDs were HLA-well-matched (n = 254; 71%) or partially-matched (n = 104; 29%). Three-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) for MSD was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35%-48%) compared with 34% (95% CI, 28%-41%) for HLA-well-matched URD and 29% (95% CI, 20%-39%) for partially-matched URD (P = .08). In multivariate analysis, HLA-well-matched URD and MSD yielded similar LFS (relative risk [RR] = 1.1, 95% CI, 0.86-1.40, P = .44) and overall survival (OS; RR = 1.06, 95% CI, 0.83-1.37, P = .63). LFS and OS were significantly inferior for HLA-partially-matched URD recipients, those with prior myelodysplastic syndrome, and those older than 50 years. All cytogenetic cohorts had similar outcomes. Patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease had a significantly lower risk of relapse (RR = 0.68, 95% CI, 0.47-0.99, P = .05). Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) using HLA-well-matched URD and MSD resulted in similar LFS and OS in AML patients in CR1 with unfavorable cytogenetics. Outcomes of HCT from HLA-partially- matched URD were inferior.
Revised diagnostic criteria and classification for the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS): report from the 2009 NIH International Workshop
Authors: Oliveira Joao B. , Bleesing Jack J. , Dianzani Umberto , Fleisher Thomas A. , Jaffe Elaine S. , Lenardo Michael J. , Rieux-Laucat Frederic , Siegel Richard M. , Su Helen C. , Teachey David T. , Rao V. Koneti 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Lymphadenopathy in children for which no infectious or malignant cause can be ascertained constitutes a challenging diagnostic dilemma. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a human genetic disorder of lymphocyte apoptosis resulting in an accumulation of lymphocytes and childhood onset chronic lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, multilineage cytopenias, and an increased risk of B-cell lymphoma. In 1999, investigators at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) suggested criteria to establish the diagnosis of ALPS. Since then, with approximately 500 patients with ALPS studied worldwide, significant advances in our understanding of the disease have prompted the need for revisions to the existing diagnostic criteria and classification scheme. The rationale and recommendations outlined here stem from an international workshop held at NIH on September 21 and 22, 2009, attended by investigators from the United States, Europe, and Australia engaged in clinical and basic science research on ALPS and related disorders. It is hoped that harmonizing the diagnosis and classification of ALPS will foster collaborative research and better understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune cytopenias and B-cell lymphomas.