bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity and Degree of Conversion of Orthodontic Adhesives
Authors: Jagdish Nithya , Padmanabhan Sridevi , Chitharanjan Arun B. , Revathi J. , Palani Gunasekaran , Sambasivam Mohana , Sheriff Khaleefathullah , Saravanamurali K. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Objectives: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the cytotoxicity related to the modes of polymerization of five commercially available orthodontic bonding resins, with and without an oxygen-inhibited layer (OIL), and to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of these resins and correlate this to cytotoxicity.
Materials and Methods: Five commercially available orthodontic bonding resins were tested for cytotoxicity and DC. Thirty-six disks of standardized dimensions, for each resin, were used for cytotoxicity assessment. Half of them were washed with 99% acetone to remove the OIL (washed resins), and the remaining disks were left intact (intact resins). Glass disks were used as a control. Vero cells were exposed to intact and washed resins on day 1. Cell viability was determined by tetrazolium bromide reduction assay 1, 3, and 6 days after exposure. The DC of the adhesive specimens of each resin, prepared with a procedure identical to the clinical bonding process, was assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Results: Single-cured systems were comparatively less cytotoxic than dual-cured systems. With removal of the OIL, increased cell viability was noted only with two resins on all three days. Resins tested showed differences in DC. A positive correlation was demonstrated by two resins.
Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. Single-cured systems are superior to dual-cured systems in exhibiting comparatively less toxicity and higher DC. A significant positive correlation was not established between cytotoxicity and DC.
Face and Neck Dermatitis from a Stainless Steel Orthodontic Appliance
Authors: Ehrnrooth Minna , Kerosuo Heidi 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Although nickel is the most common cause of contact allergy, nickel-containing orthodontic appliances seldom cause adverse reactions that result in discontinuation of treatment. We report on an eruption of dermatitis in the face and neck of an adult female patient after placement of a rapid maxillary expansion appliance (RME). Because the patient suspected nickel allergy, her tolerance to the appliance material was tested intraorally before treatment by cementing bands on four teeth for a week. No visible adverse reactions were seen during the test. One week after cementation of the RME appliance, the patient reported strong itching of the face and a red rash. Clinical examination showed itchy papular erythema on the face and neck. No intraoral reactions or symptoms were present. The RME appliance was removed, and symptoms disappeared in 4 to 5 days. The patient was referred for a nickel patch test, which gave a strong positive result. Adverse patient reactions of potential allergic origin should be diagnosed carefully, and their possible impact on further treatment should be evaluated accordingly.
Molecular Markers of Early Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Brooks Patricia Joyce , Nilforoushan Dorrin , Manolson Morris Frank , Simmons Craig A. , Gong Siew-Ging 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Objective: To understand the molecular basis of early orthodontic tooth movement by looking at the expression of KI-67, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (RANKL) proteins.
Materials and Methods: We employed a rat model of early orthodontic tooth movement using a split-mouth design (where contralateral side serves as a control) and performed immunohistochemical staining to map the spatial expression patterns of three proteins at 3 and 24 hours after appliance insertion.
Results: We observed increased expression of KI-67, a proliferation marker, and RANKL, a molecule associated with osteoclastic differentiation, in the compression sites of the periodontal ligament subjected to 3 hours of force. In contrast, there was increased expression of KI-67 and Runx2, a marker of osteoblast precursors, in tension areas after 24 hours of force. Decreased KI-67 expression in the mesial and distal regions of the periodontal ligament was observed at the midpoint of the tooth root.
Conclusions: The early RANKL expression indicates that at this early stage cells are involved in osteoclast precursor signaling. Also, decreased KI-67 expression found near the midpoint of the tooth root is believed to represent the center of rotation, providing a molecular means of visualizing mechanical loading patterns.
Insulin-Stimulated Cardiac Glucose Oxidation Is Increased in High-Fat Diet–Induced Obese Mice Lacking Malonyl CoA Decarboxylase
Authors: Ussher John R. , Koves Timothy R. , Jaswal Jagdip S. , Zhang Liyan , Ilkayeva Olga , Dyck Jason R.B. , Muoio Deborah M. , Lopaschuk Gary D. 
Published: May 2009

OBJECTIVE
Whereas an impaired ability to oxidize fatty acids is thought to contribute to intracellular lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and cardiac dysfunction, high rates of fatty acid oxidation could also impair glucose metabolism and function. We therefore determined the effects of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient for malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD−/−; an enzyme promoting mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) on insulin-sensitive cardiac glucose oxidation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
WT and MCD−/− mice were fed a low- or high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and intramyocardial lipid metabolite accumulation was assessed. A parallel feeding study was performed to assess myocardial function and energy metabolism (nanomoles per gram of dry weight per minute) in isolated working hearts (+/– insulin).

RESULTS
DIO markedly reduced insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation compared with low fat–fed WT mice (167 ± 31 vs. 734 ± 125; P &lt; 0.05). MCD−/− mice subjected to DIO displayed a more robust insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation (554 ± 82 vs. 167 ± 31; P &lt; 0.05) and less incomplete fatty acid oxidation, evidenced by a decrease in long-chain acylcarnitines compared with WT counterparts. MCD−/− mice had long-chain acyl CoAs similar to those of WT mice subjected to DIO but had increased triacylglycerol levels (10.92 ± 3.72 vs. 3.29 ± 0.62 μmol/g wet wt; P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
DIO does not impair cardiac fatty acid oxidation or function, and there exists disassociation between myocardial lipid accumulation and insulin sensitivity. Our results suggest that MCD deficiency is not detrimental to the heart in obesity.
Correlation of Flicker-Induced and Flow-Mediated Vasodilatation in Patients With Endothelial Dysfunction and Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Pemp Berthold , Weigert Günther , Karl Katharina , Petzl Ursula , Wolzt Michael , Schmetterer Leopold , Garhofer Gerhard 
Published: May 2009

OBJECTIVE
Flicker-induced vasodilatation is reduced in patients with vascular-related diseases, which has at least partially been attributed to endothelial dysfunction of retinal vessels. Currently, the standard method to assess endothelial function in vivo is flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD). Thus, the present study was performed to investigate whether a correlation exists between flicker-induced vasodilatation and FMD in patients with known endothelial dysfunction and healthy subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the present study, 20 patients with type 1 diabetes, 40 patients with systemic hypertension (systolic blood pressure 140–159 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure 90–99 mmHg) and/or serum cholesterol levels ≥0.65 mmol/l, and 20 healthy control subjects were included. The flicker response was measured using the Dynamic Retinal Vessel Analyzer. FMD was determined using a high-resolution ultrasound system, measuring brachial artery diameter reactivity during reperfusion after arterial occlusion.

RESULTS
The flicker response of both retinal arteries and veins was significantly reduced in the two patients groups. Likewise, FMD was significantly reduced in patients compared with healthy control subjects. However, only a weak correlation between flicker-induced vasodilatation and FMD was observed.

CONCLUSIONS
The study confirms that flicker responses and FMD are reduced in the selected patient groups. Whether the weak correlation between FMD and flicker is due to the different stimulation type, the different vascular beds measured, or other mechanisms has yet to be investigated.
Characterization of a fatal methyl bromide exposure by analysis of the water cooler
Authors: Hewitt David J. , Gandy Jay 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundA suspected inhalation exposure to methyl bromide (MeBr) in the packaging and shipping area of a chemical manufacturer resulted in a worker fatality and several symptomatic cases. However, air testing was negative for MeBr resulting in uncertainty regarding the potential chemical exposure. Methods of quickly confirming the exposure and magnitude were sought.MethodsHead space air and water samples were obtained from the breakroom water cooler in the facility and tested for MeBr.ResultsIncreased levels of MeBr were identified in the air and water samples from the cooler and used to calculate the MeBr concentration of air entering the cooler. The MeBr air concentration within the breakroom was estimated as 1,200–2,100 ppm depending on assumptions regarding the amount of water dispensed from the cooler both before and during the incident.ConclusionsEstimated MeBr air concentrations in the breakroom were consistent with those known to be associated with reported health effects among the involved workers. The water cooler analysis represented a unique method of retrospectively verifying and quantifying exposure to MeBr. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:579–586, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating the growth models of news stories on disasters
Authors: Wei Jiuchang , Zhao Dingtao , Liang Liang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUnderstanding the growth models of news stories on disasters is a key issue for efficient disaster management. This article proposes a method to identify three growth models: the Damped Exponential Model, the Normal Model, and the Fluctuating Model. This method is proven to be valid using the 112 disasters occurring between 2003 and 2008. The factors that influence the likelihood of the growth models include disaster types, newsworthy material, disaster severity, and economic development of the affected area. This article suggests that disaster decision‐makers can identify the respective likelihood of the three growth models of news stories when a disaster happens, and thereby implement effective measures in response to the disaster situation.
A model for online consumer health information quality
Authors: Stvilia Besiki , Mon Lorri , Yi Yong Jeong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article describes a model for online consumer health information consisting of five quality criteria constructs. These constructs are grounded in empirical data from the perspectives of the three main sources in the communication process: health information providers, consumers, and intermediaries, such as Web directory creators and librarians, who assist consumers in finding healthcare information. The article also defines five constructs of Web page structural markers that could be used in information quality evaluation and maps these markers to the quality criteria. Findings from correlation analysis and multinomial logistic tests indicate that use of the structural markers depended significantly on the type of Web page and type of information provider. The findings suggest the need to define genre‐specific templates for quality evaluation and the need to develop models for an automatic genre‐based classification of health information Web pages. In addition, the study showed that consumers may lack the motivation or literacy skills to evaluate the information quality of health Web pages, which suggests the need to develop accessible automatic information quality evaluation tools and ontologies.
Combustion synthesis of Na2Sr(PO4)F:Dy3+ white light emitting phosphor
Authors: Nagpure I. M. , Pawade V. B. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe synthesis, X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence, TGA/DTA and FTIR techniques in Dy3+ activated Na2Sr(PO4)F phosphor are reported in this paper. The prepared phosphor gave blue, yellow and red emission in the visible region of the spectrum at 348 nm excitation. CIE color co‐ordinates of Na2Sr(PO4)F:Dy3+ are suitable as white light‐emitting phosphors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Picture: Directly Relating Gas‐Phase Cluster Measurements to Solution‐Phase Hydrolysis, the Absolute Standard Hydrogen Electrode Potential, and the Absolute Proton Solvation Energy (Chem. Eur. J. 24/2009)
Authors: Donald William A. , Leib Ryan D. , O'Brien Jeremy T. , Williams Evan R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA new method for measuring the absolute standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) potential is demonstrated by E. R. Williams et al. on page 5926 ff. Gaseous clusters containing one of nine different divalent metal ions and 24 water molecules (red and gray spheres) are reduced by thermally generated electrons. From reaction energies measured for nine different metal‐ion‐containing clusters, and other thermochemical data, an average absolute value for the SHE potential of +4.29±0.02 V is obtained. The cover image was created by Mariam ElNaggar.magnified image
Promoter methylation of glutathione S‐transferase π1 and multidrug resistance gene 1 in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and its correlation with DNA methyltransferase 1 expression
Authors: Gao Peng , Yang Xi , Xue Yu‐Wen , Zhang Xiao‐Fang , Wang Yan , Liu Wen‐Jun , Wu Xiao‐Juan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The presence of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) π1 (GSTP1) or multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) promoter methylation in lung cancer was studied for the first time to the authors' knowledge; and, to date, the clinical significance of methylation is not clear. The objective of the current study was to determine the promoter methylation status of GSTP1 and MDR1, which encode GST‐π and P‐glycoprotein (Pgp), respectively, in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and to investigate whether methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)‐mediated GSTP1 or MDR1 methylation are responsible for disease progression and prognosis in patients with BAC.METHODS:Protein expression levels of DNTM1, GST‐π, and Pgp were determined by immunohistochemistry in samples from 36 patients with BAC. Promoter methylation status of the GSTP1 and MDR1 genes was determined by using methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction analysis.RESULTS:The results demonstrated a significant correlation between the methylation of the GSTP1 or MDR1 promoters and negative expression of their respective proteins in BAC (P < .05). A significant correlation also was demonstrated between GSTP1 methylation and recurrence‐free and overall survival of patients with BAC. DNMT1 protein expression levels were correlated with GSTP1 promoter methylation and patient prognosis (P < .05). However, no correlation was observed between DNMT1 expression and MDR1 methylation.CONCLUSIONS:GSTP1 promoter methylation mediated by DNMT1 may promote BAC progression and could serve as a poor prognostic indicator for patients with this disease. DNMT1 protein expression also may be considered as a prognostic indicator. Methylation of the MDR1 promoter may be mediated through pathways other than DNMT1 in BAC and does not appear to be associated with disease progression or patient prognosis. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Targeting the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor with a monoclonal antibody impairs the growth of human colorectal cancer in the liver
Authors: Van Buren George , Gray Michael J. , Dallas Nikolaos A. , Xia Ling , Lim Sherry J. , Fan Fan , Mazar Andrew P. , Ellis Lee M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND.Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). The authors hypothesized that targeting uPAR, a receptor involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, and angiogenesis, would impair the growth of CRC in the liver, the most common site of metastasis.METHODS.Human CRC cell lines were examined for uPAR expression by Western blot analysis. The in vitro effects of the uPAR monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (ATN‐658) were tested in proliferation and migration assays. For in vivo studies, human HCT116 CRC cells were injected directly into the livers of mice in 2 separate studies, the first to determine the effect of therapy with ATN‐658 on small‐volume disease (therapy begun on Day 4), and a second study to determine the effect of therapy on established disease (therapy begun on Day 12). Mice were randomized to receive either nonspecific immunoglobulin G MoAb (control) or ATN‐658, and were sacrificed 1 month after tumor implantation.RESULTS.uPAR was expressed by all CRC cell lines studied. In vitro, ATN‐658 had minimal effect on CRC proliferation in monolayers, but significantly decreased CRC cell migration. In vivo, ATN‐658 lead to significant reductions in tumor growth versus control when initiated either 4 or 12 days after tumor implantation (−65% vs control [P ≤ .05] and −85% vs control [P ≤ .05]). ATN‐658 significantly inhibited in vivo tumor cell proliferation in both studies.CONCLUSIONS.uPAR MoAb therapy impaired CRC tumor growth in the liver in both small‐volume and large‐volume disease models. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The association of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and tamoxifen in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Saphner Tom , Triest‐Robertson Shirley , Li Hailun , Holzman Paul 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a form of liver damage that can progress to cirrhosis. NASH is associated with obesity and diabetes. The condition also may be associated with some medications, including tamoxifen. Early case reports and small series have documented NASH in patients who received tamoxifen.METHODS:The records of patients registered in the St. Vincent Hospital Cancer Registry of Green Bay Wisconsin from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2000 were reviewed.RESULTS:In total, 1105 patients with breast cancer were evaluated for NASH, and 24 cases of NASH were documented (2.2%). Seven patients had NASH before their diagnosis of breast cancer, and 17 patients developed NASH after their diagnosis of breast cancer. In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with NASH were tamoxifen use (odds ratio [OR], 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06‐63.72), body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.20), and age (OR, 95% CI, 0.91‐0.99). NASH improved after tamoxifen was stopped. After discontinuation of tamoxifen, transaminase levels returned to normal in 14 of 16 patients.CONCLUSIONS:NASH was present in 24 of 1105 patients with breast cancer (2.2%). Seven patients had NASH before they were diagnosed with breast cancer, and 17 patients developed NASH after their diagnosis. NASH was associated with the use of tamoxifen and improved when tamoxifen was stopped. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Associations of physician supplies with breast cancer stage at diagnosis and survival in Ontario, 1988 to 2006
Authors: Gorey Kevin M. , Luginaah Isaac N. , Holowaty Eric J. , Fung Karen Y. , Hamm Caroline 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors examined whether the supply of primary care physicians had protective effects on breast cancer stage and survival in Ontario and whether supply losses during the 1990s were associated with diminished protection.METHODS:Random samples of the Ontario Cancer Registry, respectively, provided 879 women and 951 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 1988 and 1990 (followed until 1996) and 1998 and 2000 (followed until 2006), respectively. Active physician supply data (1991 and 2001) joined to each woman's census division of residence was taken from the Scott's Medical Database.RESULTS:Protective thresholds were observed among the earlier cohort for supplies of general practitioners (7 per 10,000 population) and supplies of obstetricians/gynecologists (6 per 100,000 population) at or above which women with breast cancer were significantly more likely to have been diagnosed with localized disease and to have survived for ≥5 years. These protective effects seemed generally attenuated among the more recent cohort. The risk of living in primary care physician‐undersupplied areas increased significantly between 1991 and 2001 (10%‐30%), and such physician supply losses were associated with reduced cancer care protection, including less prevalent early diagnoses (odds ratio [OR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.00‐2.58) and lower 5‐year survival rates (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.03‐2.55).CONCLUSIONS:Primary care physician supplies appeared to matter very much in the effective provision of cancer care in Canada. Community healthcare service endowments that include adequate physician supplies may be particularly critical to the performance of a healthcare system such as that in Canada, which provides universal accessibility to medically necessary care. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Single infusion of zoledronic acid to prevent androgen deprivation therapy‐induced bone loss in men with hormone‐naive prostate carcinoma
Authors: Satoh Takefumi , Kimura Masaki , Matsumoto Kazumasa , Tabata Ken‐ichi , Okusa Hiroshi , Bessho Hideharu , Iwamura Masatsugu , Ishiyama Hiromichi , Hayakawa Kazushige , Baba Shiro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) decreases bone mineral density (BMD) and increases fracture risk in patients with prostate carcinoma. The authors investigated the effectiveness of a single infusion of zoledronic acid initiated subsequent to ADT on BMD with hormone‐naive prostate carcinoma.METHODS:Forty men received either a single infusion of zoledronic acid (4 mg intravenously on Day 1) or no infusion during ADT. BMD of the proximal femur and posteroanterior lumbar spine was measured by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and urinary N‐telopeptide (u‐NTx) at 6 and 12 months.RESULTS:At baseline, the overall BMDs demonstrated no significant difference in lumbar spine and hip regions. At 6months, mean (±standard error) BMD of the posteroanterior lumbar spine decreased 4.6% ± 1.0% in control patients and increased 5.1% ± 1.2% in patients receiving zoledronic acid, a significant difference (P = .0002). At 12 months, the change in BMD between the 2 groups was statistically significantly different at the lumbar region (P = .0004), indicating that zoledronate preserved BMD. For u‐NTx, bone turnover was statistically significantly decreased in the zoledronate group compared with controls at 6 months (P < .0001), but returned to pretreatment levels at 12 months in the zoledronate group.CONCLUSIONS:Bone loss begins at 6 months with ADT. A single infusion of zoledronic acid in patients receiving ADT reduces bone mineral loss and maintains BMD at least at 12 months during ADT. Further study is needed to determine the best dosing schedule to prevent ADT‐induced bone loss in men with hormone‐naive prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.