bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Extraction of Essential Oil from Dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl and Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl by Ionic Liquid Microwave Extraction
Authors: Zhai Yujuan , Sun Shuo , Song Daqian , Sun Ye , Zhang Yupu , Liu He , Zhang Hanqi , Yu Aiming 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIonic liquid (IL) was used as the microwave absorption medium to extract essential oils from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl and Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, and the ionic liquid microwave extraction (ILME) was developed. Some experimental parameters for ILME were examined. The proposed method was compared with other methods, including hydrodistillation (HD), microwave hydrodistillation (MHD), solvent‐free microwave extraction (SFME) and improved solvent‐free microwave extraction (ISFME). Experimental results showed that compared with other extraction methods the ILME had some advantages, such as time‐saving, simplicity and usage of green solvents. The extraction time was less than 18 min at the microwave power of 440 W and 1.5 mL of ionic liquid was required. The constituents of essential oils obtained by the five methods are not obviously different.
Thiazolidinedione‐Based PI3Kα Inhibitors: An Analysis of Biochemical and Virtual Screening Methods
Authors: Pinson Jo‐Anne , Schmidt‐Kittler Oleg , Zhu Jiuxiang , Jennings Ian G. , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert , Chalmers David K. , Thompson Philip E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA series of synthesized and commercially available compounds were assessed against PI3Kα for in vitro inhibitory activity and the results compared to binding calculated in silico. Using published crystal structures of PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ co‐crystallized with inhibitors as a template, docking was able to identify the majority of potent inhibitors from a decoy set of 1000 compounds. On the other hand, PI3Kα in the apo‐form, modeled by induced fit docking, or built as a homology model gave only poor results. A PI3Kα homology model derived from a ligand‐bound PI3Kδ crystal structure was developed that has a good ability to identify active compounds. The docking results identified binding poses for active compounds that differ from those identified to date and can contribute to our understanding of structure–activity relationships for PI3K inhibitors.
Growth and characterization of Struvite‐K crystals
Authors: Chauhan C. K. , Vyas P. M. , Joshi M. J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStruvite‐K is the natural potassium equivalent to Struvite. Struvite‐K crystals were grown by single diffusion gel growth technique in silica hydro gel medium. Struvite‐K crystals with different morphologies having transparent to translucent diaphaneity were grown with different growth parameters. The phenomenon of Liesegang rings was also observed with some particular growth parameters. The crystals were characterized by powder XRD, FT‐IR, TGA and dielectric study. The powder XRD results of Struvite‐K confirmed the orthorhombic crystal structure. The FT‐IR spectrum proved the presence of water of hydration, metal – oxygen bond and P – O bond. The TGA, DSC and DTA were carried out simultaneously. It was found that crystals started dehydrating and decomposing from 75 °C and finally at 600 °C temperature it became 64.14% of the original weight and remained almost constant up to the end of analysis. From the thermo‐gravimetry, the numbers of the water molecules associated with the crystal were calculated and found to be 5. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of dehydration / decomposition process were calculated. The variation of dielectric constant with frequency of applied field was studied in the range from 400 Hz to 100 kHz, which exhibited the decreasing nature of the dielectric constant as frequency increased. The dielectric study showed that a.c. conductivity increased and consequently the a.c. resistivity decreased with the increase in frequency. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nucleosome‐induced neutrophil activation occurs independently of TLR9 and endosomal acidification: Implications for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lindau Dennis , Rönnefarth Viktoria , Erbacher Annika , Rammensee Hans‐Georg , Decker Patrice 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe nucleosome is a major autoantigen known to activate PMN in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). TLR9 recognizes bacterial and even mammalian DNA under certain circumstances. Nevertheless, the role of TLR9 in SLE development is still unclear. Since nucleosomes are composed of DNA, we investigated whether TLR9 is required for nucleosome‐induced PMN activation. Isolated neutrophils were cultured with nucleosomes, plasma from lupus patients and other stimuli in the presence/absence of various inhibitors. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISA and confocal microscopy. We found that nucleosomes circulating in lupus plasma induce the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by PMN. Nucleosomes activate human PMN independently of unmethylated CpG sequences in nucleosomal DNA, leading to IL‐8/IL‐6/TNF secretion and CD11b up‐regulation. Nucleosomes accumulate in the cytoplasm of PMN upon endocytosis, induce TLR9 up‐regulation and act synergistically with TLR9 ligands. Nucleosome‐induced activation was not inhibited by polymyxin B (PB), chloroquine (CQ), ammonium chloride (AC) or a TLR9 antagonist. Moreover, both PMN isolated from WT and TLR9‐KO mice were activated by nucleosomes, as detected by MIP‐2 secretion and CD11b up‐regulation. Activation occurred therefore independently of endotoxins, endosomal acidification, TLR9 and CpG motifs. TLR9 may thus be differently required in the triggering of nucleosome‐induced innate immunity and anti‐nucleosome B‐cell autoimmunity.
PKCδ regulates IL‐12p40/p70 production by macrophages and dendritic cells, driving a type 1 healer phenotype in cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Guler Reto , Afshar Mona , Arendse Berenice , Parihar Suraj P. , Revaz‐Breton Melanie , Leitges Michael , Schwegmann Anita , Brombacher Frank 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe protein kinase C (PKC) family is involved in the regulation of many intracellular signalling pathways. Here, we report that the PKCδ isoform regulates IL‐12p40/p70 production in macrophages and DC and that PKCδ deficiency in mice transforms the 129/Sv healer to a non‐healer strain during cutaneous leishmaniasis. Leishmania major‐infected PKCδ−/− 129/Sv mice developed a rapid increase in footpad swelling and parasite burden with disease progression, leading to necrosis and ulceration similar to non‐healer BALB/c mice. Moreover, PKCδ−/− mice failed to develop delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses against Leishmania antigen. PKCδ−/− macrophages were fully functional with normal MHC class II surface expression and GM‐CSF production, recruitment to the draining lymph node and killing effector functions by NO production. In contrast, macrophages and DC produced significantly reduced IL‐12p40 and IL‐12p70 compared to the WT cells. Decreased IL‐12 production resulted in diminished Th1 differentiation, as determined by a striking reduction in IFN‐γ by antigen‐specific stimulated CD4+ T cells isolated from popliteal lymph nodes of L. major‐infected PKCδ−/− mice, explaining the “non‐healer” phenotype. We conclude from these data that PKCδ is a regulator of IL‐12p40/p70 production by DC and macrophages, driving the healer phenotype during cutaneous leishmaniasis.
In vivo suppressive function of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells is limited to the inflammatory site
Authors: Haverkamp Jessica M. , Crist Scott A. , Elzey Bennett D. , Cimen Cansu , Ratliff Timothy L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCurrent paradigms suggest that, despite the heterogeneity of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC), all Gr‐1+CD11b+ cells can exert suppressive function when exposed to inflammatory stimuli. In vitro evaluation shows that MDSC from multiple tissue sites have suppressive activity, and in vivo inhibition of MDSC enhances T‐cell function; however, the relative capacity of MDSC present at localized inflammatory sites or in peripheral tissues to suppress T‐cell responses in vivo has not been directly evaluated. In the current study, we observed that during a tissue‐specific inflammatory response, MDSC inhibition of CD8+ T‐cell proliferation and IFN‐γ production was restricted to the inflammatory site. Using a prostate‐specific inflammatory model and a heterotopic prostate tumor model, we showed that MDSC from inflammatory sites or from tumor tissue possess immediate capacity to inhibit T‐cell function, whereas those isolated from peripheral tissues (spleens and liver) were not suppressive without activation of iNOS by exposure to IFN‐γ. These data suggest that MDSC are important regulators of immune responses in the prostate during acute inflammation and the chronic inflammatory setting of tumor growth, and that regulation of T‐cell function by MDSC during a localized inflammatory response is restricted in vivo to the site of an ongoing immune response.
The STATus of PD‐L1 (B7‐H1) on tolerogenic APCs
Authors: Sumpter Tina L. , Thomson Angus W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractExpression by DCs of co‐inhibitory molecules such as programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1/B7‐H1/CD274), a member of the B7 superfamily, is crucial for the downregulation of T‐cell responses and the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Exposure of immature DCs to danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) or pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) generally results in their maturation and acquisition of immunostimulatory function. However, exposure of DCs to TLR ligands early during their differentiation can inhibit further differentiation and confer tolerogenic properties on these APCs. A report in this issue of The European Journal of Immunology reveals that early inhibition of human DC differentiation from blood monocytes by TLR agonists is associated with a tolerogenic phenotype and Treg generation. The tolerogenic function of these APCs is dependent on MAPK‐induced IL‐6 and IL‐10 production, which drives STAT‐3‐mediated PD‐L1 expression. These observations link IL‐10 and IL‐6 to PD‐L1 expression, providing a new dimension to the anti‐inflammatory properties of these cytokines. These findings also have implications for understanding the inherent function of DCs in non‐lymphoid tissues such as the liver and lung, where they are exposed to PAMPs that are found constitutively in the local microenvironment.
Molecular Electrocatalysts for the Oxidation of Hydrogen and the Production of Hydrogen – The Role of Pendant Amines as Proton Relays
Authors: DuBois Daniel L. , Bullock R. Morris 
Published: January 2011

AbstractElectrocatalysts for efficient conversion between electricity and chemical bonds will play a vital role in future systems for storage and delivery of energy. Our research on functional models of hydrogenase enzymes uses nickel and cobalt, abundant and inexpensive metals, in contrast to platinum, a precious metal used in fuel cells. A key feature of our research is a focus on the use of pendant amines incorporated into diphosphane ligands. These pendant amines function as proton relays, lowering the barrier to proton transfers to and from the catalytically active metal site. The hydride acceptor ability of metal cations, along with the basicity of pendant amines, are key thermochemical values that determine the thermodynamics of addition of H2 to a metal complex with a pendant amine incorporated into its ligand. Nickel catalysts for oxidation of H2 have turnover frequencies up to 50 s–1 (at 1 atm H2 and room temperature). Nickel and cobalt catalysts for production of H2 by reduction of protons were studied; one of them has a turnover frequency over 1000 s–1.
Optically Active Tripodal Dendritic Polyoxometalates: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Use in Asymmetric Sulfide Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Jahier Claire , Coustou Marie‐Flora , Cantuel Martine , McClenaghan Nathan D. , Buffeteau Thierry , Cavagnat Dominique , Carraro Mauro , Nlate Sylvain 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA series of structurally well‐defined enantiopure tripodal allyl dendritic structures bearing three amine groups have been synthesized. The hydrogenation of the allyl groups in the presence of a Pd/C catalyst gave the corresponding enantiopure n‐propyl counterparts. Treatment of these n‐propyl amino dendrimers with heteropolyacid H3PW12O40 and excess H2O2 gave the enantiopure n‐propyl {PO4[WO(O2)2]4}3– salts. Characterization of these dendritic POM hybrids in solution by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism (CD), vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and fluorimetry indicates the presence of POM–ligand interactions and confirms their optical and chiroptical properties. The hybrid compounds selectively oxidized sulfides to the corresponding chiral sulfoxides with up to 13 % enantiomeric excess (ee), highlighting the transfer of chirality from the dendritic wedges to the inorganic cluster. The properties of the POM anion, especially its solubility and regio‐ and stereoselectivity, are sensitive to the structure of the cation. The catalyst was recovered by precipitation without any discernible loss in activity, selectivity or enantioselectivity over three catalytic cycles at –50 °C. Interestingly, a dendritic effect was noted in the enantioselectivity as the dendritic‐POM hybrids are more selective than their non‐dendritic counterparts. The ee resulting from chirality transfer to the anionic POM unit is comparable to that obtained in our previous work with monopodal dendritic polyoxometalates (14 %) despite the polyvalency of the highly charged tripodal ligand, which is rationalized by different spectroscopic methods.
Synthesis and genotoxicity of Schiff base transition metal complexes
Authors: Kara Yasemin , Avar Baris , Kayraldiz Ahmet , Guzel Bilgehan , Kurtoglu Mukerrem 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new ONNO‐type azomethine ligand, 2,2′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diylidenedinitrilo)dibenzoic acid, (YLH2) (1) has been prepared by the condensation of 2‐aminobenzoic acid and glyoxal. The coordination compounds [Ni(YL)] (2), [Co(YL)] (3), [Cu(YL)(H2O)] (4), [Zn(YL)] (5), and [Cd(YL)] (6) of the YLH2 ligand with five transition metal ions, Ni(II) Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) have been prepared. The structures of these new azomethine compounds are proposed on the basis of the elemental analyses, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and X‐ray powder diffraction patterns. Elemental analyses indicate a ligand metal ratio of 1:1 in the coordination compounds. X‐ray powder diffraction parameters for [Cu(YL)(H2O)] and [Cd(YL)] compounds correspond to orthorhombic and monoclinic structures, respectively. The ligand acts as a tetradentate ligand bending through oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of benzoic acid and nitrogen atoms of the azomethine groups. In addition, the ligand and its metal complexes have been studied for their possible genotoxic potential. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:119–130, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20665
Disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Sänger Nicole , Effenberger Katharina E. , Riethdorf Sabine , Van Haasteren Viviane , Gauwerky Johannes , Wiegratz Inka , Strebhardt Klaus , Kaufmann Manfred , Pantel Klaus 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDetection of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow is an independent prognostic factor in primary breast cancer. Here, we conducted a proof‐of‐principle study to evaluate whether this tumor cell spread occurs already in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). After preoperative screening by stereotactic core biopsy, 30 consecutive women with DCIS were included. Bone marrow aspirates, taken at the time of primary surgery, were subjected to DTC detection by a standardized immunoassay using the established monoclonal anti‐cytokeratin antibodies A45‐B/B3 and AE1/AE3. DTCs were detected in 4 of 19 cases of pure DCIS (21.1%) and in four of seven cases of DCIS with microinvasion (57.1%). After a median follow‐up time of 22 months, two initially DTC‐positive patients suffered from contralateral carcinoma and contralateral DCIS at months 12 and 30, respectively, whereas the remaining patients were relapse free. Thus, hematogenous tumor cell dissemination into bone marrow is an early event in breast cancer development.
Cancer in first‐degree relatives and risk of testicular cancer in Denmark
Authors: Nordsborg Rikke Baastrup , Meliker Jaymie R. , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads , Raaschou‐Nielsen Ole 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFamilial aggregation of testicular cancer has been reported consistently, but it is less clear if there is any association between risk of testicular cancer and other cancers in the family. We conducted a population‐based case–control study to examine the relationship between risk of testicular cancer and 22 different cancers in first‐degree relatives. We included 3,297 cases of testicular cancer notified to the Danish Cancer Registry between 1991 and 2003. A total of 6,594 matched controls were selected from the Danish Civil Registration System, which also provided the identity of 40,104 first‐degree relatives of case and controls. Familial cancer was identified by linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry, and we used conditional logistic regression to analyze whether cancer among first‐degree relatives was associated with higher risk of testicular cancer. Rate ratio for testicular cancer was 4.63 (95% CI: 2.41–8.87) when a father, 8.30 (95% CI: 3.81–18.10) when a brother and 5.23 (95% CI: 1.35–20.26) when a son had testicular cancer compared to no familial testicular cancer. Results were similar when analyses were stratified by histologic subtypes of testicular cancer. Familial non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and esophageal cancer were associated with testicular cancer; however, these may be chance findings. The familial aggregation of testicular and possibly other cancers may be explained by shared genes and/or shared environmental factors, but the mutual importance of each of these is difficult to determine.
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease is inversely associated with response to radiotherapy in pediatric ependymoma
Authors: Bobola Michael S. , Jankowski Pawel P. , Gross Mary E. , Schwartz Jeffery , Finn Laura S. , Blank A. , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Silber John R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractApurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ap endo) is a key DNA repair activity that confers radiation resistance in human cells. Here we examined the association between Ap endo activity and response to radiotherapy in pediatric ependymomas, tumors for which treatment options are limited and survival rates are only about 50%. We assayed Ap endo activity in 36 ependymomas and expression of Ape1/Ref‐1, the predominant Ap endo activity in humans, in 44 tumors by immunostaining. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the association of activity or expression with progression‐free survival or with overall survival. Activity varied 13‐fold and was not associated with tumor or patient characteristics. In univariate models with Ap endo activity entered as a continuous variable, the hazard ratio for progression increased by a factor of 2.18 for every 0.01 unit increase in activity (p ≤ 0.003) in 24 grade II ependymomas. Risk for death increased by a factor of 1.89 (p ≤ 0.02) in the same population. The fraction of Ape1/Ref‐1 immunopositive cells varied widely within individual tumors and was not associated with either progression‐free or with overall survival. Suppressing Ap endo activity in pediatric ependymoma cells significantly increased radiation sensitivity, suggesting that the association of activity with radiation response reflected, at least in part, repair of radiation‐induced DNA lesions. Our data indicate that Ap endo activity is predictive of outcome following radiotherapy, and suggest that Ape1/Ref‐1 promotes radiation resistance in pediatric ependymomas. Our findings support the use of inhibitors of Ap endo activity to overcome resistance.
CD103 is a hallmark of tumor‐infiltrating regulatory T cells
Authors: Anz David , Mueller Wolfgang , Golic Michaela , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Rapp Moritz , Koelzer Viktor H. , Ellermeier Jonathan , Ellwart Joachim W. , Schnurr Max , Bourquin Carole , Endres Stefan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) mediate tolerance towards self‐antigens by suppression of innate and adaptive immunity. In cancer patients, tumor‐infiltrating FoxP3+ Treg suppress local anti‐tumor immune responses and are often associated with poor prognosis. Markers that are selectively expressed on tumor‐infiltrating Treg may serve as targets for immunotherapy of cancer. Here we show that CD103, an integrin mediating lymphocyte retention in epithelial tissues, is expressed at high levels on tumor‐infiltrating FoxP3+ Treg in several types of murine cancer. In the CT26 model of colon cancer up to 90% of the intratumoral FoxP3+ cells expressed CD103 compared to less than 20% in lymphoid organs. CD103+ Treg suppressed T effector cell activation more strongly than CD103neg Treg. Expression of CD103 on Treg closely correlated with intratumoral levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) and could be induced in a TGF‐β‐dependent manner by tumor cell lines. In vivo, gene silencing of TGF‐β reduced the frequency of CD103+ Treg, demonstrating that CD103 expression on tumor‐infiltrating Treg is driven by intratumoral TGF‐β. Functional blockade of CD103 using a monoclonal antibody did however not reduce the number of intratumoral Treg, indicating that CD103 is not involved in homing or retention of FoxP3+ cells in the tumor tissue. In conclusion, expression of CD103 is a hallmark of Treg that infiltrate TGF‐β‐secreting tumors. CD103 thus represents an interesting target for selective depletion of tumor‐infiltrating Treg, a strategy that may help to improve anti‐cancer therapy.
Genome‐wide linkage scan for prostate cancer susceptibility in Finland: Evidence for a novel locus on 2q37.3 and confirmation of signal on 17q21‐q22
Authors: Cropp Cheryl D. , Simpson Claire L , Wahlfors Tiina , Ha Nati , George Asha , Jones MaryPat S. , Harper Ursula , Ponciano‐Jackson Damaris , Green Tiffany A. , Tammela Teuvo L. J. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan , Schleutker Johanna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGenome‐wide linkage studies have been used to localize rare and highly penetrant prostate cancer (PRCA) susceptibility genes. Linkage studies performed in different ethnic backgrounds and populations have been somewhat disparate, resulting in multiple, often irreproducible signals because of genetic heterogeneity and high sporadic background of the disease. Our first genome‐wide linkage study and subsequent fine‐mapping study of Finnish hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) families gave evidence of linkage to one region. Here, we conducted subsequent scans with microsatellites and SNPs in a total of 69 Finnish HPC families. GENEHUNTER‐PLUS was used for parametric and nonparametric analyses. Our microsatellite genome‐wide linkage study provided evidence of linkage to 17q12‐q23, with a heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) score of 3.14 in a total of 54 of the 69 families. Genome‐wide SNP analysis of 59 of the 69 families gave a highest HLOD score of 3.40 at 2q37.3 under a dominant high penetrance model. Analyzing all 69 families by combining microsatellite and SNP maps also yielded HLOD scores of > 3.3 in two regions (2q37.3 and 17q12‐q21.3). These significant linkage peaks on chromosome 2 and 17 confirm previous linkage evidence of a locus on 17q from other populations and provide a basis for continued research into genetic factors involved in PRCA. Fine‐mapping analysis of these regions is ongoing and candidate genes at linked loci are currently under analysis.