bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of mechanical fracture and corresponding domain structure changes of polycrystalline PbTiO3 nanotubes
Authors: Choi Hyunwoo , Hong Seungbum , Kim Yunseok , Kim Myungjun , Sung Tae‐Hyun , Shin Hyunjung , No Kwangsoo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPbTiO3 (PTO) nanotubes (NTs) were synthesized at various temperatures by gas phase reaction between PbO gas and anatase TiO2 NTs and characterized by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). PTO ferroelectric phase was synthesized at as low as 400 °C as evidenced by PFM domain images and piezoresponse hysteresis loop measurement. Furthermore, the PTO NTs fabricated at above 500 °C underwent mechanical fracture through development of nanocracks due to grain growth, leading to ferroelectric domains with larger size and lower aspect ratio. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and Characterization of Ratiometric Ion‐Sensitive Polyelectrolyte Capsules
Authors: del Mercato Loretta L. , Abbasi Azhar Z. , Parak Wolfgang J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMicrometer‐sized polyelectrolyte capsules are synthesized, which have ion‐sensitive fluorophores embedded in their cavities. As the membranes of the capsules are permeable to ions, the fluorescence of the capsules changed with the ion concentration. In particular, capsules sensitive to protons, sodium, potassium, and chloride ions are fabricated and their fluorescence response analyzed. In order to allow for ratiometric measurements, additional fluorophores whose emission do not depend on the ion concentration and which emit a different wavelength are co‐embedded in the capsule cavities.
Effect of Temperature, Strain rate, Manganese and Carbon Content on flow Behavior of three Ternary Fe‐Mn‐C (Fe‐Mn23‐C0.3, Fe‐Mn23‐C0.6, Fe‐Mn28‐C0.3) High‐Manganese Steels
Authors: Wietbrock B. , Xiong W. , Bambach M. , Hirt G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this work compression tests were performed to characterize the flow behavior of three different high manganese austenitic steels (HMS) in dependence of temperature (300–1200 °C) and strain rate (0.1‐10 s−1). True stress‐true strain curves were calculated from the experimental data. Temperature compensation was applied to remove the effects of adiabatic heating. At 300 °C the influence of strain rate is small but rapidly increases with temperature. DRX can be observed above 1100 °C for all HMS with 23 wt% Mn starting from the smaller strain rates. Higher Mn contents seem to promote DRX which occurs first for a 28 wt% Mn steel at 1000°C. While an increasing Mn content decreases the maximum flow stress at smaller temperatures, the opposite is found at temperatures above 700 °C. Carbon influences the stress‐strain curves mainly at temperatures below 700 °C as it raises the maximum stress levels. At temperatures above 1100 °C all three investigated HMS show similar flow curves. By increasing the temperature from 300 °C to 1200 °C the initial flow stresses are reduced by a factor of ten. The maximum flow stress levels are decreased by a factor of eight (Fe‐Mn28‐C0.3), ten (Fe‐Mn23C0.3) and eleven (Fe‐Mn23C0.6).
The Savoy Hotel enhancement Part II: the dome
Authors: Bieker Cornelia 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Savoy is London’s landmark hotel located on the Thames Embankment between Waterloo Bridge and Westminster. It was closed in December 2007 for a complete refurbishment and will reopen soon.One major part of the refurbishment — the underpinning of the existing cantilevering lattice trusses, from which the south façade is suspended — was published in ”The Savoy Hotel enhancement part I: south façade” in the 2/2010 issue of this journal. Other key parts of the refurbishment are the installation of a new lift above Savoy Way, including extending the lifts up to the 8th floor, and the installation of a large ornate glass dome above the hotel’s ”Thames Foyer”. To incorporate the dome, the existing pitched truss roof had to be temporarily supported, the tension member had to be severed and a new box structure, supporting the huge glass ornate dome, had to be inserted. The structural work undertaken is described here.
Laparoscopic Liver Resection
Authors: Reddy Srinevas K. , Tsung Allan , Geller David A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMore than 3,000 laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) are performed worldwide for benign disease, malignancy, and living donor hepatectomy. Minimally invasive hepatic resection approaches include pure laparoscopic, hand‐assisted laparoscopic, and a laparoscopic‐assisted open “hybrid” approach, where the operation is started laparoscopically to mobilize the liver and begin the dissection, followed by a small laparotomy for completion of the parenchymal transection. Surgeons should have an advanced understanding of hepatic anatomy, extensive experience in open liver surgery, and technical skill to control major vascular and biliary structures laparoscopically before embarking on LLR. Although there is no absolute size criterion, smaller, peripheral lesions (<5 cm) that lie far from major vessels and anticipated transection planes are most amenable to LLR. Although the majority of reported LLR are non‐anatomic resections or segmentectomies, several surgical groups are now performing laparoscopic major hepatic resections with excellent safety profiles. Patient benefits from LLR include less operative blood loss, less postoperative pain and narcotic requirement, and a shorter length of hospital stay, with comparable postoperative morbidity and mortality to open liver resection. Comparison studies between LLR and open resection have revealed no differences in width of resection margins for malignant lesions or overall survival after resection for hepatocellular cancer or colorectal cancer liver metastases. Advantages of LLR for HCC in particular include avoidance of collateral vessel ligation, decreased postoperative hepatic insufficiency, and fewer postoperative adhesions, all of which are features that enhance subsequent liver transplantation.
Determination of Seasonal Changes in Olive Oil by Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry Heating Thermograms
Authors: Ilyasoglu Huri , Ozcelik Beraat 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThermal properties (upon heating) of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from Aegean cultivars were determined to evaluate the possibility of using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as a tool for monitoring seasonal changes in chemical composition. Chemical properties of the samples were analyzed to assess the relationship between the thermal properties and chemical properties as well. The thermal properties of Aegean cultivars were found to be influenced by major components (palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, triolein and palmitodiolein). The melting offset temperature, the temperature range of melting and the melting enthalpy of Aegean cultivars presented significant differences with respect to crop season (p < 0.05). DSC may be utilized to evaluate compositional changes with respect to crop season.
Pain perceived in a national community sample of German children and adolescents
Authors: Dul Yong , Knopf Hildtraud , Zhuang Wanli , Ellert Ute 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground: Pain among children is common, yet far less studied compared to that among adults. Little has been reported regarding various types of pain in a national community sample of German children.Methods: We examined pain experienced within a 3 month timeframe among 14,836 children and adolescents aged 3–17 years old, who participated in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) 2003–2006.Results: The 3‐month prevalence rate was 71% for any pain, 47% for recurrent pain, 55% for pain at multiple (≥2) locations and 27% for recurrent pain at multiple locations. Headache and abdominal pain were the most frequently reported (44.2%, 40.8%) either as recurrent (22.8%, 20.3%) or as the most bothersome pain (MBP) (19.6%, 14.7%). Children from immigrant vs. non‐immigrant families and children from lower vs. upper social‐class families showed significantly higher prevalence rates for tooth (14% vs. 10%), lower abdomen (10% vs. 7%), chest (9% vs. 7%), arm (9% vs. 6%) and eye pain (9% vs. 5%). Of children with repeated MBP, only 10% of them used medications or consulted a doctor about the pain ‘often/always,’ while the majority of them did not act at all. In general, older age groups, females, poor health status and urban residence were associated with pain in children.Conclusions: The rather high pain prevalence suggests pain among children may be a potential public health issue. Further studies are required to investigate the characteristics and correlational attributes of children suffering most frequently from pain and children from families with low socioeconomic status.
Distribution of three arbovirus antibodies among monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in the Philippines
Authors: Inoue S. , Morita K. , Matias R.R. , Tuplano J.V. , Resuello R.R.G. , Candelario J.R. , Cruz D.J.M. , Mapua C.A. , Hasebe F. , Igarashi A. , Natividad F.F. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract:Serum samples from 54 monkeys were collected from healthy individuals in a monkey farm in Luzon island, Philippines, in 1999, and examined by IgM‐capture ELISA and indirect IgG ELISA for the presence of dengue (DEN), Japanese encephalitis (JE) and chikungunya (CHIK) viruses. The positive rates for IgM ELISA were 3.7, 35.2 and 14.8% against DEN, JE and CHIK, respectively. Higher positive rates were obtained when indirect IgG ELISA was used: 100% against flaviviruses (JE or DEN) and 59.3% against CHIK virus. The results indicate a high prevalence of flavivirus infections such as JE and DEN, and a lesser prevalence of CHIK virus infections, among monkeys in the Philippines. These findings suggest possible sylvatic transmission cycles of these viruses.
Drug Use During Antenatal Period at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kureshee Nargis , Dhande Priti , Pandit Vijaya 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective
- To assess current treatment practices and awareness of drug intake, in pregnant women, at a tertiary care hospital.Methodology- Observational, cross-sectional study, involving interview with 60 pregnant women, in outpatient clinic and ward of Obstetrics-Gynaecology department. Data from prescriptions & case-files also collected. Drugs were classified according to pharmacological class and teratogenic potential using U.S. FDA classification.

Results
- Most commonly prescribed drugs were iron, folic acid and calcium supplements. Out of the total 215 drugs prescribed, majority were from Category A(70.2%) followed by Category B(18.6%),Category C(8.8%),Category-X(1.3%) and Category-D(0.9%). 26.6% women believed that drugs used during pregnancy can be dangerous to both mother and fetus; 55% believed it is dangerous to fetus alone and 1.6% believed it is dangerous to mother alone. But 16.6% women believed that drugs are safe to both mother and fetus.

Conclusion
- Treatment practices are appropriate but there is a need to educate and counsel pregnant women.
Quantitative Study of Vibrational Symmetry of Injured Vocal Folds Via Digital Kymography in Excised Canine Larynges
Authors: Krausert Christopher R. , Ying Di , Zhang Yu , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeDigital kymography and vocal fold curve fitting are blended with detailed symmetry analysis of kymograms to provide a comprehensive characterization of the vibratory properties of injured vocal folds.MethodVocal fold vibration of 12 excised canine larynges was recorded under uninjured, unilaterally injured, and bilaterally injured conditions. Kymograms were created at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the vocal fold length, and vibratory parameters were compared quantitatively among conditions and were studied with respect to right–left and anterior–posterior symmetries.ResultsAnterior–posterior amplitude asymmetry was found in the bilateral condition. The unilateral condition showed significant right–left amplitude asymmetry, and it showed the lowest right–left phase symmetry among the conditions. In condition comparisons, vertical phase difference did not show significant differences among conditions, whereas amplitudes were significantly different among conditions at all line scan positions and most vocal fold lips. Significant differences in frequency were found among the conditions at all 4 vocal fold lips, with the bilateral condition exhibiting the greatest frequency.ConclusionDigital kymography and curve fitting provide detailed information about the vibratory behavior of injured vocal folds. Awareness of vibratory properties associated with vocal fold injury may aid in diagnosis, and the quantitative abilities of digital kymography may allow for objective treatment selection.
Treatment of Category Generation and Retrieval in Aphasia: Effect of Typicality of Category Items
Authors: Kiran Swathi , Sandberg Chaleece , Sebastian Rajani 
Published: December 2010

Purpose
Kiran and colleagues (Kiran, 2007, 2008; Kiran & Johnson, 2008; Kiran & Thompson, 2003) previously suggested that training atypical examples within a semantic category is a more efficient treatment approach to facilitating generalization within the category than training typical examples. In the present study, the authors extended previous work examining the notion of semantic complexity within goal-derived (ad hoc) categories in individuals with aphasia.

Methods
Six individuals with fluent aphasia (age range = 39–84 years) and varying degrees of naming deficits and semantic impairments were involved. Thirty typical and atypical items, each from 2 categories, were selected after an extensive stimulus norming task. Generative naming for the 2 categories was tested during baseline and treatment.

Results
As predicted, training atypical examples in the category resulted in generalization to untrained typical examples in 5 of 5 patient–treatment conditions. In contrast, training typical examples (which was examined in 3 conditions) produced mixed results. One patient showed generalization to untrained atypical examples, whereas 2 patients did not show generalization to untrained atypical examples.

Conclusion
Results of the present study supplement existing data on the effect of a semantically based treatment for lexical retrieval by manipulating the typicality of category examples.
Perceptual Adaptation of Voice Gender Discrimination With Spectrally Shifted Vowels
Authors: Li Tianhao , Fu Qian-Jie 
Published: December 2010

Purpose
To determine whether perceptual adaptation improves voice gender discrimination of spectrally shifted vowels and, if so, which acoustic cues contribute to the improvement.

Method
Voice gender discrimination was measured for 10 normal-hearing subjects, during 5 days of adaptation to spectrally shifted vowels, produced by processing the speech of 5 male and 5 female talkers with 16-channel sine-wave vocoders. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups; one subjected to 50-Hz, and the other to 200-Hz, temporal envelope cutoff frequencies. No preview or feedback was provided.

Results

There was significant adaptation in voice gender discrimination with the 200-Hz cutoff frequency, but significant improvement was observed only for 3 female talkers with F
0
> 180 Hz and 3 male talkers with F
0
< 170 Hz. There was no significant adaptation with the 50-Hz cutoff frequency.

Conclusions
Temporal envelope cues are important for voice gender discrimination under spectral shift conditions with perceptual adaptation, but spectral shift may limit the exclusive use of spectral information and/or the use of formant structure on voice gender discrimination. The results have implications for cochlear implant users and for understanding voice gender discrimination.
Shell structures of assemblies of equicharged particles subject to radial power-law confining potentials
Authors: Cioslowski Jerzy 
Published: December 2010

Constituting the simplest generalization of spherical Coulomb crystals, assemblies of N equicharged particles confined by radial potentials proportional to the λth power of distance are amenable to rigorous analysis within the recently introduced shell model. Thanks to the power scaling of the confining potential and the resulting pruning property of the shell configurations (i.e., the lists of shell occupancies), the shell-model estimates of the energies and the mean radii of such assemblies at equilibrium geometries follow simple recursive formulas. The formulas greatly facilitate derivations of the first two leading terms in the large-N asymptotics of these estimates, which are given by power series in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\xi ^{4/3}\:N^{-2/3}$\end{document}ξ4/3N−2/3, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$-(\xi /2)\; n^{3/2}$\end{document}−(ξ/2)n3/2 is the leading angular-correlation correction to the minimum energy of n electrons on the surface of a sphere with a unit radius (the solution of the Thomson problem). Although the scaled occupancies of the outermost shells conform to a universal scaling law, the actual filling of the shells tends to follow rather irregular patterns that vary strongly with λ. However, the number of shells K(N) for a given N decreases in general upon an increase in the power-law exponent, which is due to the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$(\lambda +1)^2\:\xi ^2$\end{document}(λ+1)2ξ2 dependence of shell capacities that roughly measure the maximum numbers of particles sustainable within individual shells. Several types of configuration transitions (i.e., the changes in the number of shells upon addition of one particle) are observed in the crystals with up to 10 000 particles and integer values of λ between 1 and 10, but the rule |K(N + 1) − K(N)| ⩽ 1 is found to be strictly obeyed.
Pressure-induced superconductivity in topological parent compound Bi
2
Te
3
Authors: Zhang J. L. , Zhang S. J. , Weng H. M. , Zhang W. , Yang L. X. , Liu Q. Q. , Feng S. M. , Wang X. C. , Yu R. C. , Cao L. Z. , Wang L. , Yang W. G. , Liu H. Z. , Zhao W. Y. , Zhang S. C. , Dai X. , Fang Z. , Jin C. Q. 
Published: December 2010

We report a successful observation of pressure-induced superconductivity in a topological compound Bi
2
Te
3
with
T

c

of ∼3 K between 3 to 6 GPa. The combined high-pressure structure investigations with synchrotron radiation indicated that the superconductivity occurred at the ambient phase without crystal structure phase transition. The Hall effects measurements indicated the hole-type carrier in the pressure-induced superconducting Bi
2
Te
3
single crystal. Consequently, the first-principles calculations based on the structural data obtained by the Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns at high pressure showed that the electronic structure under pressure remained topologically nontrivial. The results suggested that topological superconductivity can be realized in Bi
2
Te
3
due to the proximity effect between superconducting bulk states and Dirac-type surface states. We also discuss the possibility that the bulk state could be a topological superconductor.
Alan Kenneth Head AO FAA. 10 August 1925 — 9 January 2010
Authors: Humble Peter 
Published: December 2010

Alan Head had many scientific interests. He was a mathematical physicist but was so widely read that he could turn his hand to almost anything that had a scientific basis. His achievements were in many fields: they ranged from a design for a giant radio telescope to writing a computer program to simulate the diffraction of electrons as they pass through a crystalline specimen containing defects on an atomic scale and to calculate the images produced by these defects; from the elastic properties of engineering materials to the aberrations in aplanatic, non-spherical lens systems; from the causes of fracture in solid state materials to the patented design for a refrigerator that obtains its cooling power by selectively radiating electromagnetic radiation through a ‘window’ in the Earth's atmosphere to outer space; from Galois theory to quantum computers. Perhaps his greatest success was the theory of fatigue in aluminium alloys used in the construction of jet aeroplanes. Not only was he able to establish the micromechanisms involved, but his analysis was also such that the time that the processes would take to produce a complete failure could be estimated. Without this analysis, commercial aviation as we know it today would have been totally unsafe. But knowing the effective lifetime of components and replacing them before the end of their lifetime meant that, provided that the relevant maintenance was performed diligently, travel by air could be safe. I think the project that gave Alan most pleasure was his understanding of Galois theory and being the first person to apply it to a practical case concerning the elastic anisotropy of crystalline materials (see the section below on the correspondence between Professor H. M. Edwards and Alan Head).
His work on fatigue and Galois theory epitomizes the value that Alan put on ‘theory’. Theory was only good if it led to a practical, useful result. Alan Head had a brilliant career, but his feet were always firmly on the ground. He was modest, quietly spoken and very approachable. He was a friend and mentor to many. There are more than 10 scientific topics (including those mentioned above) described in this short biography, and he made significant contributions to all of them. The memoir is in three parts: a narrative of Alan Head's life and career, recollections of him by his colleagues and family, and a list of his published works cited in the text.
Castor Phospholipid:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Facilitates Efficient Metabolism of Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: van Erp Harrie , Bates Philip D. , Burgal Julie , Shockey Jay , Browse John 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Producing unusual fatty acids (FAs) in crop plants has been a long-standing goal of green chemistry. However, expression of the enzymes that catalyze the primary synthesis of these unusual FAs in transgenic plants typically results in low levels of the desired FA. For example, seed-specific expression of castor (Ricinus communis) fatty acid hydroxylase (RcFAH) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in only 17% hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) in the seed oil. In order to increase HFA levels, we investigated castor phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). We cloned cDNAs encoding three putative PDAT enzymes from a castor seed cDNA library and coexpressed them with RcFAH12. One isoform, RcPDAT1A, increased HFA levels to 27%. Analysis of HFA-triacylglycerol molecular species and regiochemistry, along with analysis of the HFA content of phosphatidylcholine, indicates that RcPDAT1A functions as a PDAT in vivo. Expression of RcFAH12 alone leads to a significant decrease in FA content of seeds. Coexpression of RcPDAT1A and RcDGAT2 (for diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2) with RcFAH12 restored FA levels to nearly wild-type levels, and this was accompanied by a major increase in the mass of HFAs accumulating in the seeds. We show the usefulness of RcPDAT1A for engineering plants with high levels of HFAs and alleviating bottlenecks due to the production of unusual FAs in transgenic oilseeds.
Benign acral lesions showing parallel ridge pattern on dermoscopy
Authors: TANIOKA Miki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOne of the recent advances in dermoscopy is the significance of parallel ridge pattern (PRP), which has 99% specificity in detecting both melanoma in situ and advanced melanoma on the acral volar skin. This review features exceptionally benign acral lesions showing PRP on dermoscopy. These benign lesions can be distinguished from malignant melanoma, because of the typical clinical history and associated symptoms. However, it is sometimes difficult for dermatologists to exclude malignant melanoma and a subsequent skin biopsy should be strongly recommended. These benign lesions include pigmentation due to a dye such as para‐phenylenediamine, acral pigmented macules associated with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, anti‐cancer drug‐induced hyperpigmentation on the volar skin, acral subcorneal hemorrhage and pigmented warts.