bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asians differ from non‐Hispanic Whites in experimental pain sensitivity
Authors: Rowelll Lauren N. , Mechlinl Beth , Jil Ellen , Addamol Michael , Girdlerl Susan S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study examined differences between Asians and non‐Hispanic Whites (Whites) in pain sensitivity, and its relationship to mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). In 30 Whites (50% female) and 30 Asians (50% female), experimental pain sensitivity was assessed with a hand cold pressor task, yielding measures of pain threshold, tolerance, intensity, and unpleasantness. Mean arterial pressure and HR measurements taken at rest and in response to speech stress were assessed. Perceived stress, anxiety, perfectionism, parental criticism, parental expectations and depressive symptoms were also measured. The results indicated that for the cold pain test, Asians demonstrated significantly lower pain threshold and tolerance levels than Whites. Although no ethnic differences were seen for MAP or HR responses to stress, for Whites higher stress MAP levels were correlated with reduced pain sensitivity, while for Asians higher baseline and stress HR levels were correlated with reduced pain sensitivity. Asians reported higher parental expectations and greater parental criticism than Whites. For Asians only, higher levels of perfectionism were related to more depressive symptoms, anxiety and perceived stress. These results indicate that Asian Americans are more sensitive to experimental pain than Whites and suggest ethnic differences in endogenous pain regulatory mechanisms (e.g. MAP and HR). The results may also have implications for understanding ethnic differences in clinical pain.
Widespread pain in chronic epicondylitis
Authors: Pienimäkil Tuomo , Siiral Pertti , Vanharantal Heikki 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe studied the associations of widespread pain with other pain and functional measures among patients with chronic epicondylitis.A total of 190 patients (66% females) participated in the study; with a mean age 43.7, mean duration of symptoms 48 weeks, chronic lateral (n =160) and medial (n =30) epicondylitis. We analysed clinical status, grip strength and cubital pain thresholds and interviewed pain and disability, leisure time physical activity, strenuous hobby activities for arms, duration of symptoms, other systemic and upper extremity disorders, arm operations, and work ability. The location of pain was analysed using a whole‐body pain drawing, categorized into three groups; the highest of which was classified as widespread pain.A total of 85 patients (45%) reported widespread pain. It was highly associated with female gender, high pain scores, decreased grip strength and pain thresholds (p <0.001 for all), with increased number of positive manual tests, low level of hobby strain for arms and physical activity, long duration of symptoms, and sick leave (p for all <0.05). It was also related to upper extremity disorders and arm surgery, but not with operated epicondylitis, other systemic diseases, workload or work ability. In addition, 39% of patients without other disease reported widespread pain.Widespread pain is common in chronic epicondylitis with and without other diseases, and is related to high pain scores, decreased function of the arm, long duration of symptoms, sick leave, and with a low level of physical activity.
Doctors’ orders––If they’re electronic, do they improve patient satisfaction? A complements/substitutes perspective
Authors: Queenan Carrie C. , Angst Corey M. , Devaraj Sarv 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDoctors’ orders entered with Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) systems are designed to enhance patient care by standardizing routines that are intended to improve quality of healthcare. As with other health information technology (IT) performance studies, literature shows conflicting results regarding the CPOE–performance relationship. By adopting a more nuanced perspective and employing not just adoption but extent of use of CPOE, we first examine whether or not CPOE use improves patient satisfaction. Next, given that CPOEs are implemented in the backdrop of other hospital IT infrastructure, we examine how IT infrastructure impacts the relationship between CPOE use and satisfaction, testing both a complementary and substitution perspective. Finally, we examine the differential impact of CPOE use between academic and non‐academic hospitals. Using data from 806 hospitals nationwide, we find a positive relationship between extent of CPOE use and patient satisfaction. Contrary to extant research, our results suggest this relationship is stronger in non‐academic hospitals. We also find evidence that a hospital's IT infrastructure substitutes for CPOE use in its effect on patient satisfaction.
Dichotic multiple‐frequency auditory steady‐state responses in evaluating the hearing thresholds of occupational noise‐exposed workers
Authors: Hsu Ruey‐Fen , Chen Shun‐Sheng , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Ho Chi‐Kung , Lin Hsiu‐Fen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn objective, fast, and reasonably accurate assessment test that allows for easy interpretation of the responses of the hearing thresholds at all frequencies of a conventional audiogram is needed to resolve the medicolegal aspects of an occupational hearing injury. This study evaluated the use of dichotic multiple‐frequency auditory steady‐state responses (Mf‐ASSR) to predict the hearing thresholds in workers exposed to high levels of noise. The study sample included 34 workers with noise‐induced hearing impairment. Thresholds of pure‐tone audiometry (PTA) and Mf‐ASSRs at four frequencies were assessed. The differences and correlations between the thresholds of Mf‐ASSRs and PTA were determined. The results showed that, on average, Mf‐ASSR curves corresponded well with the thresholds of the PTA contours averaged across subjects. The Mf‐ASSRs were 20 ± 8 dB, 16 ± 9 dB, 12 ± 9 dB, and 11 ± 12 dB above the thresholds of the PTA for 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, and 4,000 Hz, respectively. The thresholds of the PTA and the Mf‐ASSRs were significantly correlated (r = 0.77–0.89). We found that the measurement of Mf‐ASSRs is easy and potentially time saving, provides a response at all dichotic multiple frequencies of the conventional audiogram, reduces variability in the interpretation of the responses, and correlates well with the behavioral hearing thresholds in subjects with occupational noise‐induced hearing impairment. Mf‐ASSR can be a valuable aid in the adjustment of compensation cases.
Cloning and characterization ofmariner-like elements in the soybean aphid,Aphis glycinesMatsumura
Authors: Mittapalli O. , Rivera-Vega L. , Bhandary B. , Bautista M.A. , Mamidala P. , Michel A.P. , Shukle R.H. , Mian M.A.R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSoybean aphid,Aphis glycinesMatsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is currently the most important insect pest of soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) in the United States and causes significant economic damage worldwide, but little is known about the aphid at the molecular level.Mariner-like transposable elements (MLEs) are ubiquitous within the genomes of arthropods and various other invertebrates. In this study, we report the cloning of MLEs from the soybean aphid genome using degenerate PCR primers designed to amplify conserved regions ofmarinertransposases. Two of the ten sequenced clones (designated asAgmar1andAgmar2) contained partial but continuous open reading frames, which shared high levels of homology at the protein level with othermarinertransposases from insects and other taxa. Phylogenetic analysis revealedAgmar1to group within the irritans subfamily of MLEs andAgmar2within the mellifera subfamily. Southern blot analysis and quantitative PCR analysis indicated a low copy number forAgmar1-like elements within the soybean aphid genome. These results suggest the presence of at least two different putativemariner-like transposases encoded by the soybean aphid genome. BothAgmar1andAgmar2could play influential roles in the architecture of the soybean aphid genome. Transposable elements are also thought to potentially mediate resistance in insects through changes in gene amplification and mutations in coding sequences. Finally,Agmar1andAgmar2may represent useful genetic tools and provide insights onA. glycinesadaptation.
ARBITRATION IN THREE DIMENSIONS
Authors: Paulsson Jan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe law applicable to arbitration is not the law applicable in arbitration. The latter determines arbitrators' decisions. The former refers to the source of their authority: the legal order that governs arbitration. According to the territorialist thesis, an arbitration can have no foundation other than that of the legal order of the particular State in which the arbitration takes place. This outdated conception is disproved by the simple factual observation that a plurality of legal orders may give effect to arbitration. Some French scholars promote the notion of an autonomous arbitral order. Inasmuch as they ultimately seek to establish this order by positing its recognition by the very State orders from which they claim autonomy, their idea is circular and in effect no more than a dressed-up variant of ordinary horizontal pluralism. But the model of horizontal pluralism fails to account for important orderings of arbitral activity. Arbitration in modern society is accurately perceived as a complex, three-dimensional form of pluralism, in which legal orders (i) are not exclusively those of States and (ii) frequently overlap.
THE EUROPEANIZATION OF THIRD COUNTRY JUDICIARIES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF THE EU ACQUIS: THE CASES OF RUSSIA AND UKRAINE
Authors: Petrov Roman , Kalinichenko Paul 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aim of this article is to look at the phenomenon of Europeanization of judiciaries of third countries through the prism of EU external policy. It is argued that external factors (objectives of EU external policies, EU soft law, EU technical and financial assistance, favourable interpretation of EU law by the ECJ towards third country nationals) play important role in persuading third country judiciaries to apply the EU acquis in their judgments. The similar pattern can be envisaged with regard to Russia and Ukraine. Case study shows that EU policies towards these countries led to generally favourable attitude towards applying the EU acquis by Russian and Ukrainian courts, though mainly as a persuasive source of law. However, problems linked to effectiveness, independence and fight with corruption hinder further Europeanization of judiciaries in Russia and Ukraine.
THE FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPARENCY IN REGULATING CONTRACT TERMS: UK AND AUSTRALIAN APPROACHES
Authors: WILLETT CHRIS 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article considers the functions of transparency in regulating consumer contract terms in the UK and Australia. The discussion is set in the context of EU level regulation with various references to civil law approaches. The main issue explored here is the extent to which transparency is capable of legitimizing substantively unfair terms. However, I also exploreotherroles that may be played by transparency and the extent to which these are facilitated in the UK and Australia.
An animal model for endoscopic endonasal surgery and dacryocystorhinostomy training: uses and limitations of the lamb's head
Authors: Mladina R , Vuković K , Štern Padovan R , Skitarelić N 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:Structured training in endoscopic sinus surgery is essential, considering the serious potential complications. We have developed a detailed endoscopic endonasal surgery training programme, using a lamb's head model. This study aimed to assess the possibilities of using such a model for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy training.Materials and methods:Dacryocystography was performed on lamb's head models, which were then meticulously dissected, both macroscopically and endoscopically, to assess the nasolacrimal system.Results:Dacryocystography showed the absence of a lacrimal sac in all the lamb's heads dissected. This result was confirmed by dissection.Conclusion:Lamb's heads are excellent models with which to teach endoscopic sinus surgery techniques. However, this study clearly demonstrated the absence of a lacrimal sac in all such models dissected. Thus, this animal model is inappropriate for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy training.
Significance of advanced haemostasis investigation in recurrent, severe post-tonsillectomy bleeding
Authors: Kontorinis G , Schwab B 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the significance of advanced post-operative haemostasis investigation in cases of recurrent, severe post-tonsillectomy bleeding.Materials and methods:Of the 120 patients treated at our tertiary centre between 2006 and 2010 due to post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage, 22 with recurrent, severe episodes of bleeding underwent further, advanced haemostasis investigation.Results:Underlying haemorrhagic disease was not diagnosed in any case. Isolated abnormal clotting factor levels were identified in two patients. Decreased fibrinogen concentration due to dilutional coagulopathy was found in nine cases (40.9 per cent).Conclusion:Recurrent, severe post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage is rarely related to undiagnosed haemostatic disorders. Thus, advanced haemostasis studies have little therapeutic relevance. However, repetitive post-tonsillectomy bleeding may be related to decreased fibrinogen levels due to dilutional coagulopathy. Therefore, fibrinogen concentration should be tested, and dilutional coagulopathy treated promptly.
Beyond Conversion and Sanskritisation: Articulating an Alternative Dalit Agenda in East Punjab
Authors: RAM RONKI 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGiven different socio-economic structures, and acute landlessness among the Dalits of East Punjab, the agendas of conversion to neo-Buddhism and sanskritisation, the two most popular Dalit social mobility models in India, have failed to strike a cord among the Dalits in this border state of northwest India. But that does not imply that Dalits of Punjab have failed in improving their social status. On the contrary, they have been very vocal in their assertions for social justice and dignity, and pressing for a due share in the local structures of power; a clear indication of a significant surge of Dalit social mobility in Punjab. The question that still remains largely unexplored, however, relates to the patterns of Dalit social mobility in Punjab that have emerged independently of the agendas of conversion to neo-Buddhism and sanskritisation. The study aims to map out the contours of an emerging alternative Dalit agenda in Punjab, which is conspicuous by its absence in existing Dalit studies, and examines its catalytic role in enhancing the legitimacy and effectiveness of increasingly visible Dalit social mobility in the state. The paper concludes by visualising the possibility of an articulation and assertion of a similar alternative Dalit agenda through highly contentious democratic politics in other parts of India, where the archetypical agendas of conversion and sanskritisation have either failed to deliver social justice and dignity or could not simply appeal to the local Dalit population.
Provincialising embedded liberalism: film, orientalism and the reconstruction of world order
Authors: AITKEN ROB 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article explores conceptions of post-war world order promoted in appeals to ‘filmic internationalism’ – an Anglo-American movement of filmmakers, artists, and cultural bureaucrats who became committed to social-realist documentary films throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Examining this movement, I argue, allows us to reflect on the cultural consititution of embedded liberalsim, a vision of post-war order pursued not only in political-economic but also in cultural terms. Moreover, retelling the story of filmic internationalism also unsettles our accounts of embedded liberalism by foregrounding the lingering importance of imperial governmentality to interwar conversations regarding post-war world order. Traces of imperial governmentality are visible in both the ways in which filmmakers conveived the cultural agency of ‘other’ populations as well as the universal conceit with which they promoted a form of social governance. Recovering these ‘other’ stories, I argue, is a critical gesture which provincialises embedded liberalism by situating it in a more diverse set of contexts than is often acknowledged.
Synthesis and reformulation of foreign policy change: Japan and East Asian financial regionalism
Authors: LEE YONG WOOK 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWhat explains major foreign policy changes? Why and when does the state change its foreign policy? Despite the importance of foreign policy change, which can (re)shape the nature of a given state's international relationsvis-à-visother states and international systems, explanations of foreign policy change have received only sporadic attention in foreign policy analysis literature. Against this backdrop, I offer in this article a new framework designed to capturebothmotivational and processual aspects of foreign policy change. I develop the framework by critically examining and synthesising two recent systematic explorations of foreign policy change: one framework within the tradition of rationalism (broadly defined) – David Welch'sPainful Choice: A Theory of Foreign Policy Change(2005) – and the other within constructivism – Jeffrey Legro'sRethinking the World: Great Power Strategies and International Order(2006). For the motivational analysis, I link the role of crisis-defining ideas tothreat perceptionto sharpen prospect theory. I illustrate this reformulated synthesis with an example of Japan's policy shift toward East Asian financial regionalism.
Multilateral cooperation in Africa between China and Western countries: from differences to consensus
Authors: JIANBO LUO , XIAOMIN ZHANG 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the 21st century, it is a great event in the field of international politics that both China and Africa are marching towards revival and more cooperation among each other. The old international order which centered on the West can no longer meet the demand of the changes of African geopolitical pattern. Therefore, it is high time to establish a multilateral cooperation mechanism concerning Africa's peace and development. The authors argue that there are differences in historical experience, diplomatic ideas and principles as well as extensive common grounds of diplomatic strategy and national interests between China and the West in respect of their relations with Africa. Both China and the West should promote talks which are more open, more cooperative and more conducive to a win-win end. In doing this, they can achieve a win-for-all result for all the parties involved.
The Westphalian model and sovereign equality
Authors: STIRK PETER M. R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAlthough the Westphalian model takes many forms the association of Westphalian and sovereign equality is a prominent one. This article argues firstly that sovereign equality was not present as a normative principle at Westphalia. It argues further that while arguments for sovereign equality were present in the eighteenth century they did not rely on, or even suggest, a Westphalian provenance. It was, for good reasons, not until the late nineteenth century that the linkages of Westphalia and sovereign equality became commonplace, and even then sovereign equality and its linkage with Westphalia were disputed. It was not until after the Second World War, notably through the influential work of Leo Gross that the linkage of Westphalia and sovereign equality became not only widely accepted, but almost undisputed until quite recently. The article concludes by suggesting that not only did Gross bequeath a dubious historiography but that this historiography is an impediment to contemporary International Relations.
Ontological dissonance, clashing identities, and Israel's unilateral steps towards the Palestinians
Authors: LUPOVICI AMIR 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article further conceptualises and empirically tests the concept ofontological security. This concept, which refers to an actor's need to have a secure identity, has been used in International Relations (IR) mainly to study situations in which states face a threat to one of their identities. However, my focus here is on situations in which states are facing threats to a number of identities they hold, situations that result in what I termontological dissonance. In such cases, not only are various distinct identities threatened, but the solutions to ease these threats are contradictory, forcing the state to choose between different cherished values. I contend that in such situations avoidance can become an attractive option for states in dealing with the difficulties arising from this dilemma. This theoretical framework is used to explain Israel's unilateral steps toward the Palestinians in recent years. I argue that the terror attacks of theSecond Intifada(2000–2005) represented more than a physical security threat to Israel. The attacks and Israel's initial response to them aggravated threats to a number of Israel's identities and, more importantly, emphasised existing and potential future clashes among these identities. As a result, Israeli policy makers advanced unilateral steps to reduce these threats and to ease the accompanying ontological dissonance. These unilateral measures can thus be understood as measures of avoidance, and as such they complicated further cooperation between the Israelis and the Palestinians.
Beyond the metropolis? Popular peace and post-conflict peacebuilding
Authors: ROBERTS DAVID 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe debate on peacebuilding is deadlocked. Leading scholars of ‘fourth generation’ peacebuilding, who take Liberalism to task for creating what they refer to as crises in peacebuilding, have themselves been challenged by those they criticise for over-stating Liberal failure and failing themselves to produce the goods in terms of an alternative. But behind this debate, it seems that both approaches are asking the same question: how can stable, legitimate, sustainable peace be engineered? This article engages critical theory with problem-solving social sciences. It proposes that the crises in orthodox post-conflict peacebuilding are genuine, but there are approaches that might put flesh on fourth generation concepts without bringing the Liberal edifice down, shifting the debate away from ontology and ideology and returning it to the people in whose name it is held.
On the use of agent technology in intelligent, multisensory and distributed surveillance
Authors: Gascueña José M. , Fernández-Caballero Antonio 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article revises the state of the art of the application of agent technology within the scope of surveillance systems. Thus, the potential of the practical use of the concepts and technologies of the agent paradigm can be identified and evaluated in this domain. Current surveillance systems are noted for using several devices, heterogeneous in many instances, distributed along the observed scenario, while incorporating a certain degree of intelligence to alert the operator proactively to what is going on in the observed scenario and prevent the operator from having to observe the monitors continuously. The basic characteristics of the agents (autonomy, reactivity, proactiveness and social ability), along with multiagent systems’ characteristics (distributed data management, low coupling, robustness, communication and coordination between autonomous entities), suggest that the agency is a good choice for solving problems which appear and are dealt with in surveillance systems.