bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A computable cellular stress network model for non-diseased pulmonary and cardiovascular tissue
Authors: Schlage Walter K , Westra Jurjen W , Gebel Stephan , Catlett Natalie L , Mathis Carole , Frushour Brian P , Hengstermann Arnd , Van Hooser Aaron , Poussin Carine , Wong Ben , Lietz Michael , Park Jennifer , Drubin David , Veljkovic Emilija , Peitsch Manuel C , Hoeng Julia , Deehan Renee 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Humans and other organisms are equipped with a set of responses that can prevent damage from exposure to a multitude of endogenous and environmental stressors. If these stress responses are overwhelmed, this can result in pathogenesis of diseases, which is reflected by an increased development of, e.g., pulmonary and cardiac diseases in humans exposed to chronic levels of environmental stress, including inhaled cigarette smoke (CS). Systems biology data sets (e.g., transcriptomics, phosphoproteomics, metabolomics) could enable comprehensive investigation of the biological impact of these stressors. However, detailed mechanistic networks are needed to determine which specific pathways are activated in response to different stressors and to drive the qualitative and eventually quantitative assessment of these data. A current limiting step in this process is the availability of detailed mechanistic networks that can be used as an analytical substrate.

Results
We have built a detailed network model that captures the biology underlying the physiological cellular response to endogenous and exogenous stressors in non-diseased mammalian pulmonary and cardiovascular cells. The contents of the network model reflect several diverse areas of signaling, including oxidative stress, hypoxia, shear stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and xenobiotic stress, that are elicited in response to common pulmonary and cardiovascular stressors. We then tested the ability of the network model to identify the mechanisms that are activated in response to CS, a broad inducer of cellular stress. Using transcriptomic data from the lungs of mice exposed to CS, the network model identified a robust increase in the oxidative stress response, largely mediated by the anti-oxidant NRF2 pathways, consistent with previous reports on the impact of CS exposure in the mammalian lung.

Conclusions
The results presented here describe the construction of a cellular stress network model and its application towards the analysis of environmental stress using transcriptomic data. The proof-of-principle analysis described here, coupled with the future development of additional network models covering distinct areas of biology, will help to further clarify the integrated biological responses elicited by complex environmental stressors such as CS, in pulmonary and cardiovascular cells.
Associations of educational attainment, occupation and community poverty with knee osteoarthritis in the Johnston County (North Carolina) osteoarthritis project
Authors: Callahan Leigh F , Cleveland Rebecca J , Shreffler Jack , Schwartz Todd A , Schoster Britta , Randolph Randy , Renner Jordan B , Jordan Joanne M 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to examine data from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis (OA) Project for independent associations of educational attainment, occupation and community poverty with tibiofemoral knee OA.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 3,591 individuals (66% Caucasian and 34% African American). Educational attainment (< 12 years or ≥12 years), occupation (non-managerial or not), and Census block group household poverty rate (< 12%, 12 to 25%, > 25%) were examined separately and together in logistic models adjusting for covariates of age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking, knee injury and occupational activity score. Outcomes were presence of radiographic knee OA (rOA), symptomatic knee OA (sxOA), bilateral rOA and bilateral sxOA.

Results
When all three socioeconomic status (SES) variables were analyzed simultaneously, low educational attainment was significantly associated with rOA (odds ratio (OR) = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20, 1.73), bilateral rOA (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.13, 1.81), and sxOA (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.34, 2.06), after adjusting for covariates. Independently, living in a community of high household poverty rate was associated with rOA (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.43, 2.36), bilateral rOA (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.12, 2.16), and sxOA (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.00, 1.83). Occupation had no significant independent association beyond educational attainment and community poverty.

Conclusions
Both educational attainment and community SES were independently associated with knee OA after adjusting for primary risk factors for knee OA.
Ceftaroline Fosamil: A Novel Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin with Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R , DePestel Daryl D , Carver Peggy L 
Published: October 2011

Objective: To review the pharmacology, microbiology, chemistry, in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety, dosage, and administration of ceftaroline fosamil (Teflaro, Forest Laboratories, Inc.), a novel parenteral broad-spectrum cephalosporin approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 29, 2010, for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). Data Sources: A search of MEDLINE (1966-July 2011) using the search terms ceftaroline fosamil, ceftaroline, TAK-599, PPI-0903, PPI-0903M, and T-91825 was performed. Supplementary sources included program abstracts from the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy American Society of Microbiology, European Congress on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America from 2005 to 2010, as well as information available from the manufacturer's Web site. Study Selection Ano Data Extraction: All English-language articles identified from the data sources were evaluated. In vitro, preclinical, and Phase 1,2, and 3 clinical trials were included. Data Synthesis: Clinical trials have been conducted evaluating use of ceftaroline for treatment of ABSSSI and CABP. Safety data from Phase 1,2, and 3 clinical trials suggest that it is well tolerated and has a safety and tolerability profile common to the cephalosporin class. Ceftaroline has excellent in vitro activity against gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which makes it an attractive monotherapy (or the treatment of ABSSSI. However, it lacks activity against problem gram-negative bacteria (eg, Pseudomonas spp.), which will likely limit its use for serious health care-associated infections. While its role in treating CABP is supported by excellent in vitro activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and clinical efficacy data, currently available comparators may offer some advantages over ceftaroline. Finally, data are lacking to assess its role in the treatment of serious infections due to MRSA (eg, pneumonia, bacteremia). Conclusions: These considerations should be part of the formulary review process; however, when considering the significant role MRSA plays in ABSSSI in both the community and hospital settings, we believe that ceftaroline will provide clinicians with a welcome option in addition to currently available anti-MRSA therapies for the treatment of ABSSSI.
Safety and Efficacy of Two Potassium Cocktail Formulations for Treatment of Neonatal Hyperkalemia
Authors: Oschman Alexandra , Gansen Amanda , Kilbride Howard , Sandritter Tracy 
Published: October 2011

Background:: A consensus has not been established for the standard treatment of hyperkalemia in the neonatal population. Most treatment regimens include a dextrose/insulin infusion. Additional agents used include calcium, sodium bicarbonate, polystyrene sulfonate, and albuterol. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of a potassium cocktail (k-cocktail) containing dextrose, insulin, calcium gluconate, and sodium lactate for treatment of neonatal hyperkalemia. Objective: To determine whether modifications to a potassium cocktail formulation, based on a prior quality improvement project, resulted in a decrease in the incidence of hyperglycemia and acidosis associated with its use, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the k-cocktail in lowering serum potassium levels and the incidence of adverse effects. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of neonates with hyperkalemia who received 2 k-cocktail formulations (group 1 [n = 13], original formulation, dextrose:insulin 5:1; group 2 [n = 26], modified formulation, dextrose: insulin 3.3:1). Group 2 subjects were matched 2:1 by gestational age and birth weight with those in group 1. Variables related to safety and effectiveness of therapy were assessed by medical record review. The following tests were used to assess group differences: χ2, Fisher exact, 2-tailed t-tests, and mixed linear models. Results: The incidence of hyperglycemia during the modified k-cocktail infusion in group 2 decreased from 76.9% to 217% (p = 0.001). Serum blood glucose concentrations increased during the infusion, on average, for group 1 infants and were unchanged during the infusion for those in group 2. The incidence of acidosis during the infusion was similar between groups (group 1 [76.9%] vs group 2 [68.2%]; p = 0.58). No significant adverse events were observed. Serum potassium concentrations decreased similarly in both groups. Conclusions: An intravenous infusion including a dextrose:insulin ratio of 3.3:1. compared with a higher ratio, results in less hyperglycemia and appears to be as effective in decreasing potassium concentrations in newborns.
Nitroglycerin Ointment for the Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Beckett Robert D , Sheehan Amy Heck 
Published: October 2011

Objective: To determine whether clinical trial data support the use of nitroglycerin for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Data Sources: A literature search using MEDLINE (1966-September 2011) and EMBASE (1973-September 2011) was conducted using the search terms nitroglycerin, bone mineral density, fracture, and osteoporosis. References of identified articles were reviewed for additional citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language articles related to the use of nitroglycerin ointment in postmenopausal women were reviewed. Data Synthesis: Four observational studies reported significant improvements in bone mineral density of postmenopausal women with the use of nitrates. One pilot study and 2 prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials reported conflicting results regarding the efficacy of nitroglycerin ointment. Conclusions: Clinical data do not support use of nitroglycerin for this indication; its potential is limited at this time by inconclusive efficacy and a high Incidence of headache. Further well-designed clinical trials demonstrating efficacy and safety of nitroglycerin ointment for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis are needed before this medication can be recommended for routine use.
Lacosamide for the Treatment of Refractory Status Epilepticus
Authors: Fernandez Erica M , Franck Andrew J 
Published: October 2011

Objective: To evaluate current evidence for the use of lacosamide in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. Data Sources: Literature was accessed via PubMed (through July 2011) using the terms lacosamide and status epilepticus. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All reports on the use of lacosamide in patients with status epilepticus were included for evaluation. Reviews and animal data were excluded. Data Synthesis: Treatment of status epilepticus is challenging, and most patients fail to respond to initial treatment. Recently, several reports have been published on the use of lacosamide for status epilepticus. Eleven reports (5 case reports and 6 case series) were identified. Lacosamide was credited with successful termination of status epilepticus in a majority of these reports, However, the data are weakened by the heterogeneity of the reports, their descriptive nature, and the common divergence from current recommendations for the treatment of status epilepticus, Conclusions: While lacosamide has been reported as an effective treatment for refractory status epilepticus, there is insufficient evidence for its routine use. For cases in which the risks associated with anesthetizing drugs are believed to outweigh the benefits, such as in complex partial status epilepticus, lacosamide may be a reasonable option after more established drug therapies fail.
Being Grateful: Does it Bring Us Closer? Gratitude, Attachment and Intimacy in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Murray Atholl J. , Hazelwood Zoe J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo date, little is known about the function of gratitude in romantic relationships. Being grateful has been demonstrated to provide a number of positive benefits for individuals; however, few studies have explored how grateful experiences may be beneficial in enhancing romantic relationships. This study explored the extent to which adult attachment moderates the relationship between dispositional gratitude and the experience of intimacy within romantic relationships. A greater disposition toward gratitude was expected to result in more frequent experiences of gratitude. It was also anticipated that experiences of gratitude would be associated with feelings of closeness. Participants (n= 156) were required to be currently in a relationship of at least six months duration and completed a series of questionnaires assessing dispositional gratitude, attachment and emotional intimacy. Moderation analysis revealed that although a positive, weak correlation existed between dispositional gratitude and intimacy, attachment did not moderate this association. It was concluded that further investigation of the experience of gratitude is necessary to understand the function of gratitude in romantic relationships. Methods focusing on specific experiences of gratitude in romantic relationships, and the associated feelings of closeness experienced by each partner, may yield more conclusive findings and may provide support for therapeutic approaches focused on enhancing closeness between couples by increasing experiences of gratitude.
Mothers' and Young Children's Satisfaction of the Time They Spend Together
Authors: Simoncini Kym , Caltabiano Nerina 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSatisfaction with time spent together is an integral part of the overall satisfaction of any relationship. This study examines young school-aged children's and mothers' satisfaction with the time they spend together. While 906 mothers and 675 children (49.0% males) from seven schools in middle to high SES areas in a regional Queensland city participated in the study, just less than half (n= 319, 47.3%) of the children could be matched with their mother. In a classroom lesson administered by the teachers, children were asked if they were happy with the time they had together with their mum and dad or whether they would like more time. In a separate survey, mothers were asked how satisfied they were with the time they spend with their child. More mothers than children were satisfied with the time they have together. Children were more satisfied with the time they spent with their mother than their father. Significant relationships between mother's satisfaction and her employment status and her child's after-school care arrangements were found. More mothers were satisfied if they did not work full-time and were able to provide some hours of care for their child after school. There was a significant relationship between the children's behaviour scores and their after school care arrangements.
Corrosion of Nuclear Fuel Inside a Failed Copper Nuclear Waste Container
Authors: Broczkowski Michael , Goldik Jonathan S , Santos Billy G , Noel James J , Shoesmith David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCanada's Nuclear Waste Management Organization has recommended to the Canadian federal government an adaptive phased management approach to the long-term management of used nuclear fuel. This approach includes isolation in a deep geologic repository. In such a repository, the fuel would be sealed inside a carbon steel-lined copper container. To assist the development of performance assessment models studies of fuel behaviour inside a failed waste container are underway. Using an iterative modeling and experimental approach, the important features and processes that determine fuel behaviour have been identified and studied. These features and processes are discussed and the results of studies to elucidate specific mechanisms and determine important parameter values summarized.
γ-Radiolysis of NaCl Brine in the Presence of UO2(s): Effects of Hydrogen and Bromide
Authors: Metz Volker , Bohnert Elke , Kelm Manfred , Schild Dieter , Reinhardt Jörgen , Kienzler Bernhard , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractConcentrated NaCl solution was γ-irradiated in autoclaves under a pressure of 25 MPa. A set of experiments were conducted in 6 mol (kg H2O)-1NaCl solution in presence of UO2(s) pellets; in a second set of experiments γ-radiolysis of the NaCl brine was studied without UO2(s). Hydrogen, oxygen and chlorate were formed as lonγ-lived radiolysis products. Due to the high external pressure, all radiolysis products remained dissolved. H2and O2reached steady state concentrations in the range of 5·10-3to 6·10-2mol (kg H2O)-1corresponding to gas partial pres-sure of ∼2 to ∼20 MPa. Radiolytic formation of hydrogen and oxygen increases with the concentration of bromide added to solution. Both, in the presence of bromide, resulting in a relatively high radiolytic yield, and in the absence of bromide surfaces of the UO2(s) samples were oxi-dized, and concentration of dissolved uranium reached the solubility limit of schoepite / NaUO2O(OH)(cr) transition. At the end of the experiments the pellets were covered by a surface layer of a secondary solid phase having a composition close to Na2U2O7. The experimental results demonstrate that bromide counteracts an H2inhibition effect on radiolysis gas production, even at a concentration ratio of [H2] / [Br-] > 100. The present observations are related to the competitive reactions of OH radicals with H2, Br-and Cl-. A similar competition of hydrogen and bromide, controlling the yield of γ-radiolysis products, is expected for solutions of lower Cl-concentration
Chemical Equilibrium of the Dissolved Uranium in Groundwaters From a Spanish Uranium-ore Deposit
Authors: Garralon Antonio , Gómez Paloma , Turrero Maria Jesús , Buil Belén , Sánchez Lorenzo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe main objectives of this work are to determine the hydrogeochemical evolution of an uranium ore and identify the main water/rock interaction processes that control the dissolved uranium content. The Mina Fe uranium-ore deposit is the most important mine worked in Spain. Sageras area is located at the north part of the Mina Fe, over the same ore deposit. The difference remains at the fact that the uranium deposit was not mined in Sageras and was only perturbed by the exploration activities performed 20 years ago. The studied area is located 10 Km northeast of Ciudad Rodrigo (Salamanca) at an altitude over 650 m.a.s.l. The uranium mineralization is related to faults affecting the metasediments of the Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian schist-graywacke complex (CEG), located in the Centro-Iberian Zone of the Hesperian Massif. The primary uranium minerals are uraninite and coffinite but numerous secondary uranium minerals have been formed as a result of the weathering processes: yellow gummites, autunite, metaautunite, torbernite, saleeite, uranotyle, ianthinite and uranopilite. The water flow at regional scale is controlled by the topography. Recharge takes place mainly in the surrounding mountains (Sierra Peña de Francia) and discharge at fluvial courses, mainly Agueda and Yeltes rivers, boundaries S-NW and NE of the area, respectively. However, at the site scale the mine is located relatively far away from the recharge zone and close to the rivers, which act as a discharge zone. Deep flows (lower than 100 m depth) should be upwards due to the river vicinity, with flow directions towards the W, NW or N. In Sageras-Mina Fe there are more than 100 boreholes drilled to investigate the mineral resources of the deposit. 35 boreholes were selected in order to analyze the chemical composition of groundwaters based on their depth and situation around the uranium ore. Groundwater samples come from 50 to 150 m depth. The waters are classified as calcium-bicarbonated type waters, with a redox potential that indicate that are slightly reduced (values vary between 50 to -350 mV). The TOC varies between <0.1 and 4.0 mgC/L and the dissolved uranium has a maximum value of 7,7 mg/L. According the analytical data of dissolved uranium, the mineral more close to equilibrium seems to be UO2(am). The tritium content in the groundwaters oscillate between 1.5 and 7.3 T.U. Considering that the mean value of tritium in rainwater from the studied area has a value of 4 T.U., can be concluded that the residence times of the groundwaters are relatively shorts, not longer than 50 years in the oldest case.
Monte Carlo Simulations of the Degradation of the Engineered Barriers System in the Yucca Mountain Repository Using the EBSPA Code
Authors: Qin Zack , Shoesmith D. W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBased on a probabilistic model previously proposed, a Monte Carlo simulation code (EBSPA) has been developed to predict the lifetime of the engineered barriers system within the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository. The degradation modes considered in the EBSPA are general passive corrosion and hydrogen-induced cracking for the drip shield; and general passive corrosion, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking for the waste package. Two scenarios have been simulated using the EBSPA code: (a) a conservative scenario for the conditions thought likely to prevail in the repository, and (b) a worst-case scenario in which the impact of the degradation processes is overstated.
Survey of Potential Glass Compositions for the Immobilisation of the UK's Separated Plutonium Stocks
Authors: Harrison Mike , Scales Charlie R. , Bingham Paul A. , Hand Russell J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) has taken over ownership of the majority of the UK's separated civil plutonium stocks, which are expected to exceed 100 metric tons by 2010. Studies to technically underpin options development for the disposition of these stocks, for example by immobilization or re-use as fuel, are being carried out by Nexia Solutions on behalf of NDA. Three classes of immobilization matrices have been selected for investigation by means of previous studies and stakeholder dialogue: ceramic or crystalline wasteforms, storage MOx, and vitreous or glass-based wasteforms. This paper describes the preliminary inactive experimental program for the vitrification option, with results from a wide range of glass compositions along with conclusions on their potential use for plutonium immobilization.Following review, four glass systems were selected for preliminary investigation: borosilicate, lanthanide borosilicate, aluminosilicate and phosphate glasses. A broad survey of glass properties was completed in order to allow meaningful evaluation, e.g. glass formulation, waste loading, chemical durability, thermal properties, and viscosity. The program was divided into two parts, with silicate and phosphate glasses being investigated by Nexia Solutions and the Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL) at the University of Sheffield respectively.