bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regenerative treatment with platelet‐rich plasma combined with a bovine‐derived xenograft in smokers and non‐smokers: 12‐month clinical and radiographic results
Authors: Yilmaz Selcuk , Cakar Gokser , Ipci Sebnem Dirikan , Kuru Bahar , Yildirim Burak 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to assess the healing response of intrabony defects following regenerative treatment with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) combined with a bovine‐derived xenograft (BDX) in smokers and non‐smokers.Materials and Methods: A total of 24 advanced chronic periodontitis patients, 12 smokers and 12 non‐smokers, with 113 intrabony defects with an intrabony component of 3 mm were included in this study. Defects were surgically treated with PRP/BDX. At baseline and 12 months after surgery, the following parameters were recorded: plaque and sulcus bleeding indices, probing depth (PD), relative attachment level, marginal recession, probing and radiographic bone levels.Results: Considering the soft tissue measurements, smokers and non‐smokers presented a mean PD reduction of 3.97 ± 0.76 and 4.63 ± 0.52 mm, recession of 0.76 ± 0.44 and 0.50 ± 0.12 mm and attachment gain of 3.26 ± 0.42 and 4.06 ± 0.40 mm, respectively. Evaluation of the hard tissue findings revealed that the mean clinical and radiographic bone gains in smokers and non‐smokers were 2.83 ± 0.47 and 3.63 ± 0.38 mm, 2.98 ± 0.38 and 3.67 ± 0.48 mm, respectively. Inter‐group differences for PD reduction (p<0.05), attachment (p<0.001), clinical (p<0.001) and radiographic bone gains (p<0.001) were found to be significant between smokers and non‐smokers.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the results indicate that treatment outcome following PRP/BDX application in intrabony defects is impaired with smoking.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: STAT3 Polymorphisms Linked with Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriages
Authors: Finan Ramzi R. , Mustafa Fekriya E. , Al‐Zaman Intissar , Madan Samira , Issa Abdalla A. , Almawi Wassim Y. 
Published: December 2009

Problem  We investigated the association of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 gene variants with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (RM).Method of Study  A case–control study involving 189 RM patients and 244 control women was carried out. STAT3 (rs1053004 and rs1023023) genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination/real‐time PCR method.Results  STAT3 rs1053004 C allele [OR (95% CI) = 1.60 (1.22–2.10)] and C/C genotype [OR (95% CI) = 3.42 (1.70–6.92)] were positively associated with RM. Two‐locus (rs1053004/rs1053023) haplotype analysis revealed increased frequency of CG and CA haplotypes in RM patients, of which only CA haplotype (Pc = 0.020) remained positively associated with RM after applying the Bonferroni correction. This was confirmed by multivariate regression analysis (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.17–2.46) after adjusting for a number of covariates.Conclusion  STAT3 rs1053004 variant is significantly associated with idiopathic RM. Replication studies on other racial groups and other STAT3 gene variants are warranted.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Isolation of Non‐Activated Monocytes from Human Umbilical Cord Blood
Authors: Normann Erik , Lacaze‐Masmonteil Thierry , Winkler‐Lowen Bonnie , Guilbert Larry J. 
Published: December 2009

Problem  Methods for monocyte purification are common but few work with umbilical cord monocytes that do not activate the cell for subsequent culture analysis.Methods of study  The collection procedure avoids use of needles and procedures that variably activate blood clotting and uses a purification procedure that involves diluted Ficoll, autologous serum to remove platelets and 42% and 51% Percoll step gradients for the final purification. The resulting monocytes were stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and formalin‐treated bacteria Escherichia coli and group B streptococci (GBS) to secrete TNF‐α and IL‐1β, measured by ELISA.Results  The purification procedure results in non‐active but stimulation‐competent monocytes with high yields (2.3–9 × 107 cells) and purity (from 70% to 98%).Conclusion  We describe a procedure that is easy, uses common reagents and provides a uniformly high yield and purity of non‐activated fetal monocytes for studies of innate defense responses.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The Transcriptome of the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Madsen‐Bouterse Sally A. , Romero Roberto , Tarca Adi L. , Kusanovic Juan Pedro , Espinoza Jimmy , Kim Chong Jai , Kim Jung‐Sun , Edwin Samuel S. , Gomez Ricardo , Draghici Sorin 
Published: December 2009

Problem  The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is considered the counterpart of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), but similarities in their regulatory mechanisms are unclear. This study characterizes the fetal mRNA transcriptome of peripheral leukocytes to identify key biological processes and pathways involved in FIRS.Method of study  Umbilical cord blood from preterm neonates with FIRS (funisitis, plasma IL‐6 >11 pg/mL; n = 10) and neonates with no evidence of inflammation (n = 10) was collected at birth.Results  Microarray analysis of leukocyte RNA revealed differential expression of 541 unique genes, changes confirmed by qRT‐PCR for 41 or 44 genes tested. Similar to SIRS and sepsis, ontological and pathway analyses yielded significant enrichment of biological processes including antigen processing and presentation, immune response, and processes critical to cellular metabolism. Results are comparable with microarray studies of endotoxin challenge models and pediatric sepsis, identifying 25 genes across all studies.Conclusion  This study is the first to profile genome‐wide expression in FIRS, which demonstrates a substantial degree of similarity with SIRS despite differences in fetal and adult immune systems.
Patterns of analgesia for fractured neck of femur in Australian emergency departments
Authors: Holdgate Anna , Shepherd Shamus A , Huckson Sue 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Fractured neck of femur is a common ED problem and poor pain management in this patient group can contribute significantly to their morbidity. The present study aims to describe current practices for managing pain in patients with fractured neck of femur in Australian ED and to identify real or potential barriers to providing analgesia.Methods:  Hospitals were invited to participate in a retrospective medical chart audit of patients with fractured neck of femur. At each site, 20 cases were randomly selected from the previous 12 months. Patient demographics, timing, type and method of analgesia in ED, use of pain scales and perceived barriers to analgesia were extracted from the medical chart.Results:  Data on 646 patients were collected from 36 hospitals in five Australian states. Most patients were elderly with a preponderance of women. One hundred and eighty‐five (28.6%) patients had no record of analgesia administration in the ED and almost half of these had also not received prehospital analgesia. Intravenous morphine was the most frequently used analgesic and only 45 patients received a nerve block in the ED. The median time to first analgesia was 75 min after ED arrival. The most commonly reported barriers reported were cognitive impairment and language difficulties.Conclusions:  Oligoanalgesia for fracture neck of femur in Australian ED is common and time to analgesia tends to be relatively slow. Regional techniques are infrequently used despite their recognized efficacy. Strategies for improving pain management in this cohort of ED patients need to be explored.
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF ARTISAN‐MADE MEXICAN BOTANERO CHEESE IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS
Authors: VÁZQUEZ‐FONTES CARINA , SANCHEZ‐VERA ERNESTO , CASTELÁN‐ORTEGA OCTAVIO , ESPINOZA‐ORTEGA ANGELICA 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT Artisan‐made Mexican Botanero cheese in the northwest of the state of Mexico in the central highlands is a soft‐paste, fresh product made from raw cow milk. The microbiological quality was determined in cheese from 10 cheese producers. Milk and cheese samples were taken, and the hygienic process was recorded. Milk was analyzed for aerobic mesophil bacteria (AMB) and total coliform bacteria (TC), and in cheese TC and fecal coliforms (FCs) were determined. Results were compared with the Mexican COFOCALEC (milk) and NMX‐462 (cheese). All bacterial counts were above those allowed for AMB (100,000 cfu/mL) and TC (1,000 cfu/mL). The norm allows up to 100 cfu/g of TC, but all cheese samples were above the norm. FC should always be negative, but all cheese samples were also positive. Raw milk is bought in with microbiological problems, and the artisan‐manufacturing process further contaminates the final product, which constitutes a risk for human health. Even more rigorous legislation could not be met by artisan cheese makers in the highlands of central Mexico under the current conditions.PRACTICAL APLICATIONSIn Mexico, there is an ample variety of artisan‐made cheeses with a potential to be positioned in regional, national and even export markets by obtaining quality certification either as appellation controleé or as collective trademarks. However, in order to obtain this certification, it is necessary to analyze the situation of all the characteristics of the cheeses such as bacteriological quality. Before carrying out this study, the bacteriological quality of the Botanero cheese was unknown. Taking into account the obtained results, it is intended to carry out joint collaboration with cheese producers, so that their products can achieve the required standards and can reach a better position in the market, without being a risk for human health.
Living with a spouse with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the meaning of wives’ experiences
Authors: Boyle Anne H 
Published: December 2009

Aim.  To describe and understand the meaning of the experience of living with a spouse who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Background.  Living with a spouse with a chronic illness may have a profound effect on women’s lives since society expects families, and especially women, to care for the chronically ill. The family member providing care and support is usually the wife.Design.  This study investigated the wife’s experience of living with a husband’s chronic illness. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to describe and understand the experience of women living with a spouse who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to determine the meaning this experience has for their lives.Methods.  In‐depth interviews were conducted with ten women whose husbands had mild to severe obstructive lung disease. Thematic analysis was based on interpretive methods. Data were collected in 1997.Results.  The findings are presented as two clusters, living with everyday illness and surviving the illness. Everyday illness includes monitoring, regulating activity, integrating illness effects, and managing technologies. Surviving the illness includes riding the roller coaster, keep on going, garnering support and finding explanations.Conclusions.  The spouse’s illness had a major influence on these women’s lives, and the effects are very complex and interwoven with one another.Relevance to clinical practice.  Health professionals can have a major role in assisting women to both live with the everyday illness and to survive its effects. Women were eager to tell their stories. Health professionals can help women deal with the experience by forming support groups and by asking the ‘How can I help?’ question more often and then actively listening to expressed concerns. Supporting women in their monitoring and regulating role is especially critical.
Synthesis of literature on strategies for chronic disease management post disasters
Authors: Radhakrishnan Kavita , Jacelon Cynthia 
Published: December 2009

Aims.  Disasters are devastating events that can overwhelm individuals with chronic diseases and shift their priorities from routine disease management to immediate survival needs. There were fatal consequences to this shift in health management during recent disasters. The following review of literature was conducted to identify strategies to help manage chronic illness during disasters.Background.  During several recent disasters many people with pre‐existing chronic diseases sought help at disaster shelters. These individuals experienced hardships due to difficulty contacting physicians, lack of medications, insufficient insurance coverage, lack of transportation, and inadequate resources in shelters.Method.  The Ecological Model of Disaster Management guided the selection and synthesis of research articles focused on the management of adults with chronic diseases during disasters. Articles published between January 2000–May 2009 were included. Research focused on mental illness, children or adolescents was excluded.Findings.  The sample included five surveys, five retrospective record audit, four qualitative studies and one study with correlational study design. The review yielded recommendations for disaster planning for individuals with chronic diseases.Conclusions.  Integration of beneficial strategies, informed by the literature and tailored to characteristics of the chronic disease population can provide effective solutions for chronic disease management post disaster. Technology’s role in facilitating chronic disease management during disasters is discussed.Relevance to clinical practice.  Being the most plentiful health care providers and adept at working with individuals with chronic disease, nurses are in an excellent position to take leading roles in disaster planning missions. Educating individuals on self‐management techniques, participating in drills, and familiarising themselves with disaster technology are some of the ways nurses can help and support individuals with chronic diseases during disasters.
An exploration of the practices of nurse prescribers who care for people with diabetes: a case study
Authors: Courtenay Molly , Stenner Karen , Carey Nicola 
Published: December 2009

Aim.  To explore the practices of nurse prescribers who care for people with diabetes.Background.  The use of medicines is an important component of the care of patients with diabetes. However, education and support is equally important to the successful management of this group. These are areas of care in which nurses have traditionally been involved. Evidence suggests that combining nursing skills with prescribing may result in shared decision‐making and increased medicines concordance.Design and methods.  A collective case study of nine practice settings across England in which nurses prescribed medicines for people with diabetes. Data comprised of semi structured interviews (n = 31), patient questionnaires (n = 131) and video‐taped observations of nurse consultations (n = 35). Data analysis included thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Data were collected between October 2007–September 2008.Results.  Nurses demonstrated good communication skills, which they integrated with the ability to prescribe. Questionnaire and video data confirmed an exchange of information between nurse and patient about aspects of self‐care and medicines management. Additional benefits included improved efficiency, supported by patient satisfaction with access and waiting times. Nurses were inconsistent in explaining the risks and benefits of treatments and side‐effects and exploring the use of non‐prescribed herbal or over‐the‐counter medicine.Conclusion.  The care nurses are able to provide to people with diabetes is optimised through prescribing. Further evidence is required to evaluate nurse prescribing from the patient’s perspective. Our findings will be of interest to those keen to develop the prescribing role for nurses involved in diabetes service delivery.Relevance to clinical practice.  Prescribing is a valuable development through which nurses are able to encourage self‐care and work towards shared‐decision making with patients in a way that supports national guidance on the care of people with diabetes.
Sources of functional social support provided to people living with HIV
Authors: Grant Joan S , Prachakul Worawan , Pryor Erica R , Keltner Norman L , Raper James L 
Published: December 2009

Aim.  To identify sources of functional social support (i.e. appraisal, belonging and tangible) provided to people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome through biological, legal or social relationships. We also examined associations between self‐described sexual orientation (heterosexual vs. homosexual), gender, and race and sources of functional social support.Background.  People from both traditional and non‐traditional structures are primary sources of social support for many people who experience serious illnesses. There is limited research regarding sources of functional social support provided to people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome. No published studies were identified that examined the relationship between self‐described sexual orientation and sources of functional social support.Methods.  The convenience sample in this cross‐sectional, exploratory study consisted of 150 people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, aged 19 to 68 years, who were mostly male (79·3%); African American (68·7%) and single (68·7%). Participants’ self‐described sexual orientation was almost equally heterosexual (48%) and homosexual (43·3%). Participants self‐reported whether appraisal, belonging and tangible support were provided from a list of potential biological, legal and social relationships. The study was conducted in 2005.Results.  Relationships that provided appraisal, belonging and tangible functional social support most often involved spouses, friends, siblings and mothers. There was no significant relationship between self‐described sexual orientation (heterosexual vs. homosexual) or gender and sources of functional social support. Blacks were less likely to report tangible support from other relatives (e.g. aunts and uncles); otherwise, there were no significant difference in functional social support by race.Conclusion.  People living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome most often received appraisal, belonging and tangible support from spouses, friends, siblings and mothers.Relevance to clinical practice.  Health‐care professionals should empower these people who provide functional social support.
Speaking truth to academics: The wisdom of the practitioners
Authors: Kernaghan Kenneth 
Published: December 2009

Abstract: Academic scholars, both as researchers and teachers, need the ideas and insights of reflective practitioners on the real world of the public service. Public servants can “speak truth to academics” in the broad sense of providing information, analysis and counsel concerning the public service and candid commentary on scholarly writings. Conceptualizing the public servant as a theorist involved in research through reflection‐on‐action highlights the importance of the scholarly practitioner as a source of learning. This article profiles several public servants whose contributions to the scholarly literature on public administration have had substantial influence in the academic community. Among the factors limiting such contributions are time constraints, the scarcity of publication outlets and lack of senior‐level support. Incentives to write for publication include personal interest and motivation and invitations to contribute to a conference, book or article or to collaborate with someone else. Practitioner contributions to scholarly writing can be fostered by such means as co‐authorship with academics, communities of practice and senior‐level encouragement. Academic scholars can help foster the systematic accumulation of knowledge in the public service and its transfer beyond government.Sommaire : Les universitaires, qu'ils soient chercheurs ou enseignants, ont besoin des idées et des perspectives de praticiens qui réfléchissent sur le monde concret de la fonction publique. Les fonctionnaires peuvent « révéler la vérité aux universitaires » au sens large du terme en fournissant des informations, des analyses et des conseils sur la fonction publique et des commentaires francs sur les publications savantes. Le fait de concevoir le fonctionnaire comme un théoricien engagé dans la recherche grâce à la réflexion sur l'action souligne l'importance du praticien universitaire comme source d'apprentissage. Cet article dresse le profil de plusieurs fonctionnaires dont les contributions aux publications érudites sur l'administration publique ont eu une influence considérable dans le milieu universitaire. Parmi les facteurs qui restreignent de telles contributions, on note les contraintes de temps, la rareté des débouchés pour les publications, et le manque de soutien de la part de la haute direction. Les motivations qui encouragent la rédaction d'articles en vue de publication comprennent l'intérêt personnel, les invitations à contribuer à une conférence, à un livre ou à un article, ou bien la collaboration avec quelqu'un d'autre. Les praticiens peuvent être incités à contribuer à la recherche si on leur donne la possibilité d'être coauteurs avec des universitaires, de participer à des communautés de praticiens et de recevoir les encouragements de la haute direction. Les universitaires peuvent contribuer à l'accumulation systématique de connaissances dans la fonction publique en les faisant passer au‐delà du gouvernement.