bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring implementation of the 2010 Institute of Medicine's Child and Adult Food Care Program recommendations for after-school snacks
Authors: Nanney Marilyn S , Glatt Carissa 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore the implementation of nutrition recommendations made in the 2010 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report,Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All, in school-based after-school snack programmes.DesignA descriptive study.SettingOne large suburban school district in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.SubjectsNone.ResultsMajor challenges to implementation included limited access to product labelling and specifications inconsistent with the IOM's Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) recommendations, limited access to healthier foods due to current school district buying consortium agreement, and increased costs of wholegrain and lower-sodium foods and pre-packaged fruits and vegetables.ConclusionsOpportunities for government and industry policy development and partnerships to support schools in their efforts to promote healthy after-school food environments remain. Several federal, state and industry leadership opportunities are proposed: provide product labelling that makes identifying snacks which comply with the 2010 IOM CACFP recommended standards easy; encourage compliance with recommendations by providing incentives to programmes; prioritize the implementation of paperwork and technology that simplifies enrolment and accountability systems; and provide support for food safety training and/or certification for non-food service personnel.
Matrix Effects in the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis of CaO-Al2O3-MgO Inclusions in Steel
Authors: Pistorius Petrus Christiaan , Verma Neerav 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEnergy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of micron-sized inclusions in steel is of considerable industrial importance. Measured spectra and Monte Carlo simulations show a significant effect of the steel matrix on analysis of CaO-Al2O3-MgO inclusions: the steel matrix filters the softer (Al and Mg) characteristic X-rays, increasing the relative height of the Ca peak. Bulk matrix correction methods would not result in correct inclusion compositions, but operating at a lower acceleration voltage shifts the effect to smaller inclusion sizes.
ON THE UNIFORM PERFECTNESS OF THE BOUNDARY OF MULTIPLY CONNECTED WANDERING DOMAINS
Authors: BERGWEILER WALTER , ZHENG JIAN-HUA 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe investigate when the boundary of a multiply connected wandering domain of an entire function is uniformly perfect. We give a general criterion implying that it is not uniformly perfect. This criterion applies in particular to examples of multiply connected wandering domains given by Baker. We also provide examples of infinitely connected wandering domains whose boundary is uniformly perfect.
Computer aided drug design studies to explore novel antagonist of human myotrophin
Authors: Swargam Sandeep , Mahesh K , Umamaheswari Amineni 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHuman myotrophin is the smallest ankyrin repeat protein implicated as a factor to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Activation of myotrophin was observed during acute myocardial infarction (MI). In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, myotrophin acts as a self-governing predictor of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Therefore, human myotrophin serves as an effective drug target for discovery of new potential drugs. Recent human myotropin inhibitors have poor pharmalogical properties leading to intolerable side effects. Hence, ligand based virtual screening protocol of CADD method was persuaded in the present study to propose new class potential myotrophin inhibitors. Docking was done by using Schrödinger software suite 2010 (maestro v9.1), docked complexes were validated and enumerated to find out the best lead, top twenty docked complexes were selected, analyzed through LIGPLOT for their binding orientations. Finally ten top ranked leads were reported based on the XPGscore, better binding affinity and good pharmacological properties compared to existing inhibitors. Lead ‘1’ (Mitoxantrone) showed lowest XPGscore (-8.4k cal/mol) and good van der Waal interaction, hydrophobic interactions with the residues Lys-24, Glu-26, Tyr-21, Arg-30, Cys-2, Asp-3, Lys-4, Phe-6, Glu-5, Ala-9, Glu-70 and Gly-140 responsible for the preference of inhibition. Three hydrogen bonds were observed with myotrophin- lead1 docking complex with residues Asp-3, Cys-2 and Gly-5. Thus, lead1 would be the preferred compound to proceed with in vitro and in vivo verification. Our results illustrate a well-designed virtual screening campaign successfully identifying novel lead compounds as potential entry points for the development of drugs for cardiovascular disease treatment.
Graphene magnet realized by hydrogenated graphene nanopore arrays
Authors: Tada K. , Haruyama J. , Yang H. X. , Chshiev M. , Matsui T. , Fukuyama H. 
Published: November 2011

The so-called zigzag edge of graphenes theoretically has localized electrons due to the presence of flat energy bands near the Fermi level. The localized electron spins are strongly polarized, resulting in ferromagnetism. We fabricate graphenes with honeycomb-like arrays of hydrogen-terminated and low-defect hexagonal nanopores by a nonlithographic method using nanoporous alumina templates. We report large-magnitude room-temperature ferromagnetism caused by electron spins localizing at the zigzag nanopore edges. This promises to be a realization of rare-element free, controllable, transparent, flexible, and mono-atomic layer magnets and novel spintronic devices.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 1 March 2012.
Searching for Fast Radio Transients with SKA Phase 1
Authors: Colegate T. M. , Clarke N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Square Kilometre Array (SKA) provides an excellent opportunity for low-cost searches for fast radio transients. The increased sensitivity and field of view of the SKA compared with other radio telescopes will make it an ideal instrument to search for impulsive emission from high–energy density events. We present a high-level search ‘use case’ and propose event rate per unit cost as a figure of merit to compare transient survey strategies for radio telescope arrays; we use event rate per beam formed and searched as a first-order approximation of this measure. Key results are that incoherent (phase-insensitive) combination of antenna signals achieves the highest event rate per beam, and that 50–100 MHz processed bandwidth is sufficient for extragalactic searches with SKA Phase 1; the gain in event rate from using the full available bandwidth is small. Greater system flexibility will enable more effective searches, but need not drive the top-level system requirements beyond those already proposed for the SKA. The most appropriate search strategy depends on the observed sky direction and the source population; for SKA Phase 1, low-frequency aperture arrays tend to be more effective for extragalactic searches, and dishes more effective for directions of increased scatter broadening, such as near the Galactic plane.
Seasonal Patterns of Movement and Residency by Striped Bass within a Subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Wingate Rebecca L. , Secor David H. , Kraus Richard T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlthough often generalized as anadromous, striped bass Morone saxatilis show varying degrees of residency in natal estuaries and exhibit diverse seasonal migration patterns in estuarine and coastal waters. Most coastal striped bass originate from the Chesapeake Bay, but the bay and its subestuaries also harbor substantial numbers of striped bass throughout the year. The degree to which resident striped bass inhabit individual subestuaries was evaluated by use of acoustic telemetry. We investigated seasonal patterns of movement within and outside of the Patuxent River, a centrally located, intermediate‐size subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay. A fixed acoustic receiver array was deployed in the Patuxent River, and 42 acoustic‐tagged striped bass were monitored for a 2‐year period (2008–2009). Seasonal patterns of movement within the subestuary were similar between years and were generally consistent with overall anadromous behavior: striped bass moved downestuary during winter to points outside the Patuxent River, and they moved upestuary in spring, presumably for spawning, feeding, or both. However, a substantial fraction (∼40%) of individuals was present in the Patuxent River during summer months. Most of the tagged fish returned to the Patuxent River during fall. Striped bass were present in the Patuxent River for significant time periods (5–7 months), indicating that subestuaries like the Patuxent River are utilized by Chesapeake Bay striped bass during a major part of the year.
Long‐Term Shifts in the Lateral Distribution of Age‐0 Striped Bass in the San Francisco Estuary
Authors: Sommer Ted , Mejia Francine , Hieb Kathryn , Baxter Randall , Loboschefsky Erik , Loge Frank 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLike several other fishes in the pelagic community of the upper San Francisco Estuary, age‐0 striped bass Morone saxatilis have shown a major decline based on a midwater trawl sampling program that has been conducted for over 40 years. We hypothesized that the apparent decline in age‐0 striped bass might be partially attributable to a behavioral shift away from the channels sampled by the trawls. We found no evidence of an upstream–downstream shift in age‐0 distribution. Instead, age‐0 striped bass distribution remains closely associated with the low‐salinity zone of the estuary. However, the survey data suggest a substantial long‐term distribution shift away from channels and toward shoal areas. The hypothesis that young striped bass are undersampled by midwater trawls is supported by modeling of demographic patterns, which showed that the decline in numbers of age‐0 fish was not consistent with increasing trends in age‐1 fish. We hypothesize that reduced food availability in pelagic habitat is a major cause of apparent behavioral shifts by age‐0 striped bass and some native fishes. Nonetheless, the magnitude of the shift toward shoal habitat does not appear to fully account for the extreme decline in age‐0 striped bass abundance.
The sports performance application of vibration exercise for warm‐up, flexibility and sprint speed
Authors: Cochrane Darryl 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSince the turn of the 21st century, there has been a resurgence of vibration technology to enhance sport science especially for power and force development. However, vibration exercise has been trialled in other areas that are central to athlete performance such as warm‐up, flexibility and sprint speed. Therefore, the aim of this review was to attempt to gain a better understanding of how acute and short‐term vibration exercise may impact on warm‐up, flexibility and sprint speed. The importance of warming up for sporting performance has been well documented and vibration exercise has the capability to be included or used as a standalone warm‐up modality to increase intramuscular temperature at a faster rate compared to other conventional warm‐up modalities. However, vibration exercise does not provide any additional neurogenic benefits compared to conventional dynamic and passive warm‐up interventions. Vibration exercise appears to be a safe modality that does not produce any adverse affects causing injury or harm and could be used during interval and substitution breaks, as it would incur a low metabolic cost and be time‐efficient compared to conventional warm‐up modalities. Acute or short‐term vibration exercise can enhance flexibility and range of motion without having a detrimental effect on muscle power, however it is less clear which mechanisms may be responsible for this enhancement. It appears that vibration exercise is not capable of improving sprint speed performance; this could be due to the complex and dynamic nature of sprinting where the purported increase in muscle power from vibration exercise is probably lost on repeated actions of high force generation. Vibration exercise is a safe modality that produces no adverse side effects for injury or harm. It has the time‐efficient capability of providing coaches, trainers, and exercise specialists with an alternative modality that can be implemented for warm‐up and flexibility either in isolation or in conjunction with other conventional training methods.
deepBlockAlign: a tool for aligning RNA-seq profiles of read block patterns
Authors: Langenberger David , Pundhir Sachin , Ekstrøm Claus T. , Stadler Peter F. , Hoffmann Steve , Gorodkin Jan 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Motivation: High-throughput sequencing methods allow whole transcriptomes to be sequenced fast and cost-effectively. Short RNA sequencing provides not only quantitative expression data but also an opportunity to identify novel coding and non-coding RNAs. Many long transcripts undergo post-transcriptional processing that generates short RNA sequence fragments. Mapped back to a reference genome, they form distinctive patterns that convey information on both the structure of the parent transcript and the modalities of its processing. The miR-miR* pattern from microRNA precursors is the best-known, but by no means singular, example.
Results: deepBlockAlign introduces a two-step approach to align RNA-seq read patterns with the aim of quickly identifying RNAs that share similar processing footprints. Overlapping mapped reads are first merged to blocks and then closely spaced blocks are combined to block groups, each representing a locus of expression. In order to compare block groups, the constituent blocks are first compared using a modified sequence alignment algorithm to determine similarity scores for pairs of blocks. In the second stage, block patterns are compared by means of a modified Sankoff algorithm that takes both block similarities and similarities of pattern of distances within the block groups into account. Hierarchical clustering of block groups clearly separates most miRNA and tRNA, and also identifies about a dozen tRNAs clustering together with miRNA. Most of these putative Dicer-processed tRNAs, including eight cases reported to generate products with miRNA-like features in literature, exhibit read blocks distinguished by precise start position of reads.
Availability: The program deepBlockAlign is available as source code from http://rth.dk/resources/dba/.
Contact: gorodkin@rth.dk; studla@bioinf.uni-leipzig.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
AMPA: an automated web server for prediction of protein antimicrobial regions
Authors: Torrent Marc , Di Tommaso Paolo , Pulido David , Nogués M. Victòria , Notredame Cedric , Boix Ester , Andreu David 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Summary: AMPA is a web application for assessing the antimicrobial domains of proteins, with a focus on the design on new antimicrobial drugs. The application provides fast discovery of antimicrobial patterns in proteins that can be used to develop new peptide-based drugs against pathogens. Results are shown in a user-friendly graphical interface and can be downloaded as raw data for later examination.
Availability: AMPA is freely available on the web at http://tcoffee.crg.cat/apps/ampa. The source code is also available in the web.
Contact: marc.torrent@upf.edu; david.andreu@upf.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reduced Carbohydrate Diet to Improve Metabolic Outcomes and Decrease Adiposity in Obese Peripubertal African American Girls
Authors: Casazza Krista , Cardel Michelle , Dulin‐Keita Akilah , Hanks Lynae J. , Gower Barbara A. , Newton Anna L. , Wallace Stephenie 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTObjective:Obesity prevalence among African American (AA) girls is higher than that in other groups. Because typical energy‐restriction obesity treatment strategies have had limited success, alterations in macronutrient composition may effectively improve metabolic outcomes in this population and affect future body composition trajectories. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a moderately restricted carbohydrate (CHO) versus a standard CHO diet on weight/fat loss and metabolic parameters in overweight/obese AA girls ages 9 to 14 years.Methods:A total of 26 AA girls (ranging from 92nd body mass index percentile and above) were assigned to either a reduced‐ (SPEC: 42% energy from CHO, n = 12) or a standard‐ (STAN: 55% of energy from CHO, n = 14) CHO diet (protein held constant) for 16 weeks. All of the meals were provided and clinically tailored to meet the estimated energy requirements (resting energy expenditure × 1.2 in eucaloric phase and resting energy expenditure × 1.2 − 1000 kcal in energy deficit phase). The first 5 weeks encompassed a eucaloric phase evaluating metabolic changes in the absence of weight change. The subsequent 11 weeks were hypocaloric (1000 kcal/day deficit) to promote weight/fat loss. Meal tests were performed during the eucaloric phase for metabolic analyses. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate body composition.Results:Both groups experienced reductions in weight/adiposity, but the difference did not reach significance. The solid meal test indicated improved glucose/insulin homeostasis on the SPEC diet up to 3 hours postingestion. In addition, significantly lower triglycerides (P < 0.001) were observed on the SPEC diet.Conclusions:Dietary CHO reduction favorably influences metabolic parameters but did not result in greater weight/fat loss relative to a standard diet in obese AA girls. Future research is needed to determine long‐term effectiveness of a reduced CHO diet on glucose and insulin homeostasis and how it may apply to weight maintenance/fat loss during development alone and/or in combination with additional weight loss/metabolic improvement strategies.
Large drought‐induced aboveground live biomass losses in southernRockyMountain aspen forests
Authors: Huang Cho‐Ying , Anderegg William R. L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWidespread drought‐induced forest mortality has been documented across multiple tree species inNorthAmerica in recent decades, but it is a poorly understood component in terrestrial carbon (C) budgets. Recent severe drought in concert with elevated temperature likely triggered widespread forest mortality of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), the most widely distributed tree species inNorthAmerica. The impact on the regional C budgets and spatial pattern of this drought‐induced tree mortality, which has been termed ‘sudden aspen decline (SAD)’, is not well known and could contribute to increased regional C emissions, an amplifying feedback to climate change. We conducted a regional assessment of drought‐induced live aboveground biomass (AGB) loss fromSADacross 915 km2of southwesternColorado,USA, and investigated the influence of topography on the severity of mortality by combining field measures, remotely sensed nonphotosynthetically active vegetation and a digital elevation model. Mean [± standard deviation (SD)] remote sensing estimate of liveAGBloss was 60.3 ± 37.3 Mg ha−1, which was 30.7% of field measuredAGB, totaling 2.7 Tg of potential C emissions from this dieback event. Aspen forest health could be generally categorized as healthy (0–30% field measured canopy dieback), intermediate (31–50%), andSAD(51–100%), with the remote sensing estimated mean (± SD) liveAGBlosses of 26.4 ± 15.1, 64.5 ± 9.2, and 108.5 ± 24.0 Mg ha−1, respectively. There was a pronounced clustering pattern ofSADon south‐facing slopes due to relatively drier and warmer conditions, but no apparent spatial gradient was found for elevation and slope. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing remote sensing to assess the ramification of climate‐induced forest mortality on ecosystems and suggests promising opportunities for systematic large‐scale C dynamics monitoring of tree dieback, which would improve estimates of C budgets ofNorthAmerica with climate change.
Ocean acidification and seaweed reproduction: increased CO2 ameliorates the negative effect of lowered pH on meiospore germination in the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Roleda Michael Y. , Morris Jaz N. , McGraw Christina M. , Hurd Catriona L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe worldwide effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine species are a growing concern. In temperate coastal seas, seaweeds are dominant primary producers that create complex habitats and supply energy to higher trophic levels. Studies on OA and macroalgae have focused on calcifying species and adult stages, but critically, they have overlooked the microscopic stages of the reproductive life cycle, which, for other anthropogenic stressors, e.g., UV‐B radiation, are the most susceptible life‐history phase. Also, environmental cues and stressors can cause changes in the sex ratio, which has implications for the mating system and recruitment success. Here, we report the effects of pH (7.59–8.50) on meiospore germination and sex determination for the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales), in the presence and absence of additional dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Lowered pH (7.59–7.60, using HCl‐only) caused a significant reduction in germination, whereas added DIC had the opposite effect, indicating that increased CO2 at lower pH ameliorates physiological stress. This finding also highlights the importance of appropriate manipulation of seawater carbonate chemistry when testing the effects of OA on photosynthetic organisms. The proportion of male to female gametophytes did not vary significantly between treatments, suggesting that pH was not a primary environmental modulator of sex. Relative to the baseline (pH 8.19), gametophytes were 32% larger under moderate OA (pH 7.86) and 10% larger under extreme OA (pH 7.61). We suggest that metabolically active cells can compensate for the acidification of seawater. This homeostatic function minimizes the negative effects of lower pH (high H+ ions) on cellular activity. The 6–9% reduction in germination success under extreme OA suggests that meiospores of M. pyrifera may be resistant to future OA.
A maxillary lateral incisor with four root canals
Authors: Kottoor J. , Murugesan R. , Albuquerque D. V. 
Published: November 2011

Kottoor J, Murugesan R, Albuquerque DV. A maxillary lateral incisor with four root canals. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 393–397, 2012.AbstractAim  To describe the successful non‐surgical endodontic management of a permanent maxillary lateral incisor tooth with four root canals.Summary  Aberrant morphology of root canals can occur in any tooth, including maxillary lateral incisors. In the presented case, clinical examination and radiographs clearly depicted the presence of four root canals in a right maxillary lateral incisor. The differential diagnosis included fusion, gemination, dens invaginatus or a combination of these. The report emphasises the need for attention during root canal treatment of maxillary lateral incisors.Key learning points
Clinicians should be aware of the variable root canal anatomy in maxillary lateral incisor teeth.
Careful examination of radiographs and the internal anatomy of teeth are essential prerequisites for successful root canal treatment.
Four root canals in maxillary lateral incisors is a possibility.