bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Dynamical and Statistical Predictions of Weekly Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Vitart Frédéric , Leroy Anne , Wheeler Matthew C. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The skill of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast system to predict the occurrence of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Southern Hemisphere during weekly periods has been evaluated and compared to the skill of a state-of-the-art statistical model. Probabilistic skill scores have been applied to a common series of hindcasts produced with the dynamical and statistical models. The ECMWF hindcasts have higher relative operating characteristic (ROC) scores than the statistical model for the first three weeks of integrations. The dynamical model also has skill over the Indian Ocean in week 4.
The ECMWF hindcasts have lower Brier skill scores than the statistical model after week 2, which is likely because this version of the ECMWF model creates about 30% more TCs than observations and therefore generates a large number of false alarms. A simple calibration has been applied to the ECMWF probabilistic forecasts that significantly improves their reliability, but at the expense of the sharpness. The calibrated dynamical model has higher Brier skill scores than the statistical model during the first three weeks, although the statistical model remains more reliable.
The multimodel combination of the calibrated dynamical forecasts with the statistical forecasts helps to improve the reliability of the ECMWF forecasts. The Brier skill score of the multimodel exceeds the Brier skill scores of the individual models, but with less sharpness than the calibrated dynamical model. This result suggests that the statistical model can be useful as a benchmark for dynamical models and as a component of a multimodel combination to improve the skill of the dynamical model. Potential economic value diagrams confirm that the multimodel forecasts are useful up to week 3 over the Southern Hemisphere.
“Vegetarian between Meals”: The Dalai Lama, War, and Violence
Authors: Sautman Barry 
Published: March 2010

In May 2008 Time magazine's annual “Time 100” list of influential people in the world put the Dalai Lama at the top. This outcome was related to the preceding six weeks of protests in Tibet and attendant Western criticisms of China's Tibet policies, but it also reflected the two-decade-long construction of the Dalai Lama's international persona as a “man of peace” and “compassion personified.”
This essay interrogates the ubiquitous representation of the Dalai Lama as an apostle of nonviolence. It argues that while he urges nonviolence in general, the Dalai Lama has supported a number of wars, especially those of India and the United States, the Tibetan exiles' two chief patrons. Western political elites and media have reciprocated by making a major contribution to the construction of the Dalai Lama's pacifistic persona.
The Dalai Lama's advocacy of nonviolence is associated with a special level of compassion, but that link is also problematic: his compassion has been largely disconnected from specific, major struggles of the oppressed. The primary examples considered here are the fight against apartheid in South Africa and the struggle against the occupation of Palestinian lands. This disconnect arises from the Dalai Lama's self-orientalizing approach to “race” and racial oppression, within which the peoples and interests of the West are valorized and those of the developing world subordinated. That, in turn, is a function not only of Western state and popular patronage, but also of the Dalai Lama's generally conservative worldview.
The construction of the Dalai Lama's persona of “man of peace” adversely affects efforts to resolve the Tibet question. The “Free Tibet movement” is built around the pacifist persona of the Dalai Lama. The movement garners support from that, but it seeks an outcome that can only be realized in the unlikely event that China disintegrates. The constructed “man of peace” persona thus diverts attention from efforts to forge a compromise solution to the Tibet question. This effect will continue until a critique of political representations of the Dalai Lama are allowed to become part of the international discourse of Tibet.
Tribute to Donald Lowe
Authors: Xiaojiang Li 
Published: March 2010

—English translation by Tani Barlow
—Japanese translation by Paul Atkins and Sachi Schmidt
—French translation by Claudia Pozzana
—Russian translation by Anna Krylova
—Korean translation by Chong Eun Ahn
—Hindi translation by Indranil Dutta
—Italian translation by Claudia Pozzana
—German translation by Wolfgang Kubin
Between ‘Lifeworld’ and ‘System’: Caseworker Role Conflict in the Provision of Disability Services to People Injured by Traffic Accidents in Sweden
Authors: Lundälv Jörgen , Lindqvist Rafael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe and analyze how caseworkers in the Swedish disability services deal with people disabled by road accidents. Data were collected by means of a web-based survey of 259 caseworkers, and a direct content analysis of open-ended questions was used to interpret and analyse the data. The conceptual toolbox consisted of Habermas' lifeworld-system dichotomy, social recognition, and concepts from human service organisation research. Dilemmas within the following areas were identified: interaction with the service users, experiences of communication, assessment of needs, and inter-organisational cooperation between health care and disability services. These difficulties occurred because of tensions between ‘lifeworld’ and ‘system’, and because social recognition and mutual communicative action were not easy to achieve when cognitive impairments distorted and prevented the development of an ‘ideal speech situation’. Inter-organisational cooperation was difficult because of different regulations and professional perspectives.
Unexpected morphometric differentiation of the Algerian mouse, Mus spretus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Kabylie of Djurdjura (Algeria)
Authors: Khammes-El Homsi Nora , Aulagnier Stéphane 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A preliminary morphometric study of the Algerian mouse, Mus spretus in Algeria based on populations collected in the Kabylie of Djurdjura revealed an unexpected strong differentiation when compared with samples from Morocco, Tunisia, Spain, and France. Skull, mandible, and teeth have been measured on an original sample of Algerian animals and on foreign specimens from private collections. A first principal component analysis revealed a noticeable morphometric differentiation within populations of Kabylie of Djurdjura based on several variables including palatal breadth, palatal foramina length, and first lower molar breadth. At the scale of the species range the results of a second principal component analysis were even more distinctive with two clearly separated groups, mice from Algeria vs. mice from all other parts of the range. Mice from Algeria are characterized by a finer nose, a broader palate, and smaller teeth. The evolutionary history of this species cannot explain such a differentiation which is more likely a local adaptation.
Masticatory muscle architecture in the gundiCtenodactylus vali(Mammalia, Rodentia)
Authors: Hautier Lionel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGundis, family Ctenodactylidae, display a skull with large auditory bullae and are adapted for life in open areas. Here, the first descriptive comparison of the skull, mandible and jaw muscles of the North African gundiCtenodactylus valiis presented. The gross anatomy of specimens captured in Algeria and internal architecture of the jaw musculature have been studied using dissections. The following muscles are described: temporal, masseter, pterygoids, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and transverse mandibular. The muscles of the zygomasseteric complex show a strong development with a hystricomorphous type of the skull. The temporal muscle is divided into three parts. The digastric muscles are of the hystricomorphine type. The description of the masticatory apparatus ofC. valioffers a rare opportunity to assess the morphological variation of the masticatory apparatus among Ctenohystrica.
Periodontitis: A Future Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome? A Follow‐Up Study Over 3 Years
Authors: Renvert Stefan , Ohlsson Ola , Pettersson Thomas , Persson G. Rutger 
Published: March 2010

Background: Periodontitis has been associated with cardiovascular disease. We assess if the recurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could be predicted by preceding medical and periodontal conditions.Methods: A total of 165 consecutive subjects with ACS and 159 medically healthy, matched control subjects were examined and followed for 3 years. Periodontitis was defined by alveolar bone loss. Subgingival microbial samples were studied by the checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization method.Results: The recurrence of ACS was found in 66 of 165 (40.0%) subjects, and a first ACS event was found in seven of 159 (4.4%) subjects among baseline control subjects. Subjects who later had a second ACS event were older (P <0.001). Significantly higher serum levels of high‐density lipoprotein (P <0.05), creatinine (P <0.01), and white blood cell (WBC) counts (P <0.001) were found in subjects with future ACS. Periodontitis was associated with a first event of ACS (crude odds ratio [OR]: 10.3:1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.1 to 17.4; P <0.001) and the recurrence of ACS (crude OR: 3.6:1; 95% CI: 2.0 to 6.6; P <0.001). General linear modeling multivariate analysis, controlling for age and the prediction of a future ACS event, identified that WBC counts (F = 20.6; P <0.001), periodontitis (F = 17.6; P <0.001), and serum creatinine counts (F = 4.5; P <0.05) were explanatory of a future ACS event.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that recurrent ACS events are predicted by serum WBC counts, serum creatinine levels, and a diagnosis of periodontitis. Significantly higher counts of putative pathogens are found in subjects with ACS, but these counts do not predict future ACS events.
Smokeless Tobacco Use and Periodontal Health in a Rural Male Population
Authors: Chu Yong H. , Tatakis Dimitris N. , Wee Alvin G. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Despite the reported effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) on the periodontium and high prevalence of ST use in rural populations and in men, studies on this specific topic are limited. The purpose of this cross‐sectional investigation is to evaluate the periodontal health status of male ST users from a rural population.Methods: Adult male residents of two rural Appalachian Ohio counties and daily ST users, with a unilateral mandibular oral ST keratosis lesion, were recruited. Subjects completed a questionnaire and received oral examination. Teeth present, ST keratosis lesion, plaque and gingival index, probing depth (PD), recession depth (RD), and attachment level were recorded. Statistical analysis compared ST‐site mandibular teeth (teeth adjacent to the subject's unilateral ST keratosis lesion) to NST‐site teeth (contralateral corresponding teeth).Results: This study includes 73 ST users. Recession prevalence is much greater in ST‐site quadrants (36%) compared to NST‐site quadrants (18%; P <0.001). Twice as many teeth had recession on ST‐site (approximately 20%) than NST‐site (approximately 10%; P = 0.0001). Average buccal RD on ST‐site teeth did not differ from that on the NST‐site teeth (P = 0.0875). Although average buccal attachment loss is greater on ST‐site teeth (P = 0.016), the mean difference is <0.5 mm. When stratified by years of ST use, subjects using ST for 10 to 18 years exhibit the most differences between ST and NST sites, whereas subjects using ST for <10 years show no differences.Conclusion: The results indicate that greater gingival recession prevalence and extent are associated with ST placement site in rural male ST users.
Esthetic Treatment of Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma Using a Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft and a Split‐Thickness Pouch Technique
Authors: Lev Ron , Moses Ofer , Holtzclaw Dan , Tal Haim 
Published: March 2010

Background: Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a reactive hyperplastic lesion involving the gingiva or alveolar mucosa consisting of proliferating endothelial cells, a rich capillary bed, chronic inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and giant cells. After complete clinical removal of PGCG recurrence occurs in about 10% of cases, and may result in an esthetic and functional soft tissue defect. This report describes a surgical procedure involving complete removal of a gingival PGCG in the maxillary esthetic zone and immediate tissue restoration achieving complete gingival augmentation.Methods: A 15‐year‐old female presented with a red, nodular, asymptomatic lesion, approximately 3.5 mm in diameter, located above the maxillary left lateral incisor. The lesion was excised down to the underlying root resulting in a 6 × 5‐mm mucogingival dehiscence defect. Corrective surgery included a subepithelial connective tissue graft peripherally covered by the surrounding gingiva and stabilized by 5/0 resorbable sutures.Results: Healing was uneventful, resulting in healthy and esthetic gingiva. Microscopic examination of the biopsy specimen was consistent with the diagnosis of PGCG.Conclusions: PGCG may follow an aggressive course, sometimes requiring preemptive surgical intervention. Grafting a subepithelial connective tissue graft peripherally covered by the surrounding gingiva, without raising a gingival flap, successfully eliminated the gingival defect. The free gingival margin of the neighboring teeth and the mucogingival junction remained unchanged.
Banting Lecture 2009: An Unfinished Journey: Molecular Pathogenesis to Prevention of Type 1A Diabetes
Authors: Eisenbarth George S. 
Published: March 2010

The Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement Award is the American Diabetes Association's highest scientific award and honors an individual who has made significant, long-term contributions to the understanding of diabetes, its treatment, and/or prevention. The award is named after Nobel Prize winner Sir Frederick Banting, who codiscovered insulin treatment for diabetes.Dr. Eisenbarth received the American Diabetes Association's Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement at the Association's 69th Scientific Sessions, June 5–9, 2009, in New Orleans, Louisiana. He presented the Banting Lecture, An Unfinished Journey—Type 1 Diabetes—Molecular Pathogenesis to Prevention, on Sunday, June 7, 2009.
Review of Adverse Events Associated With False Glucose Readings Measured by GDH-PQQ–Based Glucose Test Strips in the Presence of Interfering Sugars
Authors: Frias Juan P. , Lim Christine G. , Ellison John M. , Montandon Carol M. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
To assess the implications of falsely elevated glucose readings measured with glucose dehydrogenase pyrroloquinolinequinone (GDH-PQQ) test strips.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a review of the Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database and medical literature for adverse events (AEs) associated with falsely elevated glucose readings with GDH-PQQ test strips in the presence of interfering sugars.

RESULTS
Eighty-two reports were identified: 16 (20%) were associated with death, 46 (56%) with severe hypoglycemia, and 12 (15%) with nonsevere hypoglycemia. In eight reports (10%), the AE was not described. Forty-two events (51%) occurred in the U.S. Although most events occurred in hospitalized patients, at least 14 (17%) occurred in outpatients. Agents most commonly associated with AEs were icodextrin-containing peritoneal dialysate and maltose-containing intravenous immune globulin.

CONCLUSIONS
GDH-PQQ test strips pose a safety risk to insulin-using patients treated with agents containing or metabolized to interfering sugars.
The effect of the lipid-binding site of the ankyrin-binding domain of erythroid β-spectrin on the properties of natural membranes and skeletal structures
Authors: Chorzalska Anna , Łach Agnieszka , Borowik Tomasz , Wolny Marcin , Hryniewicz-Jankowska Anita , Kolondra Adam , Langner Marek , Sikorski Aleksander 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIt was previously shown that the beta-spectrin ankyrin-binding domain binds lipid domains rich in PE in an ankyrin-dependent manner, and that its N-terminal sequence is crucial in interactions with phospholipids. In this study, the effect of the full-length ankyrin-binding domain of β-spectrin on natural erythrocyte and HeLa cell membranes was tested. It was found that, when encapsulated in resealed erythrocyte ghosts, the protein representing the full-length ankyrin-binding domain strongly affected the shape and barrier properties of the erythrocyte membrane, and induced partial spectrin release from the membrane, while truncated mutants had no effect. As found previously (Bok et al. Cell Biol. Int. 31 (2007) 1482–94), overexpression of the full-length GFP-tagged ankyrin-binding domain aggregated and induced aggregation of endogenous spectrin, but this was not the case with overexpression of proteins truncated at their N-terminus. Here, we show that the aggregation of spectrin was accompanied by the aggregation of integral membrane proteins that are known to be connected to spectrin via ankyrin, i.e. Na+K+ATP-ase, IP3 receptor protein and L1 CAM. By contrast, the morphology of the actin cytoskeleton remained unchanged and aggregation of cadherin E or N did not occur upon the overexpression of either full-length or truncated ankyrin-binding domain proteins. The obtained results indicate a substantial role of the lipid-binding part of the β-spectrin ankyrin-binding domain in the determination of the membrane and spectrin-based skeleton functional properties.
Surgical Treatment of Developmental Hip Dislocation in Children Aged 1 to 3 Years: A Mean 18-Year, 9-Month Follow-up Study
Authors: Varner Kevin E. , Incavo Stephen J. , Haynes Richard J. , Dickson Jesse H. 
Published: March 2010

Forty-six consecutive patients with 57 congenitally dislocated hips were treated with open reduction and femoral or acetabular procedures as indicated. Patient age ranged from 12 to 36 months at the time of surgery. We evaluated the outcome of 38 of the 46 patients (83%) with 47 hips (83%) at a mean follow-up of 18 years, 9 months (range, 13 years, 7 months to 24 years, 7 months) after all patients had reached skeletal maturity.
Using Severin's radiographic classification, 24 hips (52%) were rated as class I, 12 (26%) as class II, 8 (17%) as class III, 2 (4%) as class IV, and 0 as class V. The mean Iowa Hip Score was 92 points. One patient had significant abductor weakness and a Trendelenburg gait. The mean leg-length discrepancy was <1 cm. Disturbance in growth of the proximal aspect of the femur occurred in 10 hips (22%).
In our experience, open reduction of the congenitally dislocated hip in children aged 1 to 3 years, combined with femoral or acetabular procedures, leads to successful clinical and radiographic results in most cases. These patients have an opportunity for normal hip function during childhood and the potential for a straightforward reconstructive procedure should they develop severe degenerative hip arthrosis.
The Use of Calcium Sulfate Impregnated With Vancomycin in the Treatment of Open Fractures of Long Bones: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Cai Xiaobing , Han Kaiwei , Cong Xiaoliang , Cai Jinfang , Tong Dake , Han Dong , Wang Yu , Yu Baoqing 
Published: March 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium sulfate impregnated with vancomycin combined with internal fixation in the treatment of open fractures of long bones. Between October 2007 and January 2008, twenty-eight patients (24 men, 4 women) who sustained open fractures of long bones were enrolled. Mean patient age was 34.5 years (range, 19–57 years). According to the classification system developed by Gustilo and Anderson, there were 15 type II open fractures, 11 type IIIa open fractures, and 2 type IIIc open fractures. All the patients were treated with vancomycin-loaded calcium sulphate and internal fixation. Clinical signs of wound infection were recorded. Postoperative radiographs were used to evaluate the bone healing and absorption process.
Twenty-six of 28 patients were followed-up successfully, with an average follow-up of 10.5 months (range, 6–16 months). No infection was present in the 26 patients. Exudation from the incision or the drain incision was observed in 2 patients. Bacteria culture was negative and the wound healed with dressing change within 15 days. Bone union was observed in 23 patients, with a mean bone union time of 5.8 months (range, 4–9 months). All the calcium sulfate pellets had completely resorbed in an average of 1.4 months (range, 1–2 months). Our study showed that the combination of internal fixation and calcium sulfate impregnated with vancomycin could decrease the incidence of deep infection without impairment to the bone healing process in the treatment of open fractures of long bones.
Distal Humeral Fracture With Associated Triceps Tendon Avulsion in a Renal Transplant Recipient
Authors: Gupta Rishi R. , Murthi Anand M. 
Published: March 2010

Although distal humeral fractures are well described in the literature, concomitant distal triceps avulsion has not previously been reported. One population that warrants a high index of suspicion for tendon injury after trauma is patients with renal disease. Clinical tests on such patients may yield equivocal results, and in that setting, magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in the diagnosis of concomitant tendon injury. Postoperative rehabilitation is a challenge considering that the old standard of care for isolated triceps avulsions is several weeks of immobilization and that early motion is recommended for open reduction and internal fixation of distal humeral fractures. More recent literature supports early active-assisted range-of-motion (ROM) elbow exercises after triceps tendon repair, and our case supports those recommendations.
A 48-year-old, right-hand-dominant man, who was a living-related kidney transplant recipient 3 years previously, presented with radiographic evidence of an intra-articular distal humeral fracture. The patient was rejecting his kidney at the time of injury and was receiving 50 mg of prednisone daily. The patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the distal humeral fracture and concomitant triceps repair. Postoperatively, active-assisted and passive ROM elbow exercises were begun. At 3-year follow-up, the patient had 10° to 120° of motion at the elbow, with full supination and pronation.