bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the contents and gaps in sexual and reproductive health toolkits designed for adolescence and young adults: a scoping review
Authors: Castleton Patience , Meherali Salima , Memon Zahid , Lassi Zohra S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Adolescence is a crucial stage of physical and sexual maturation and development and a period in which understanding sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is important. SRH interventions and toolkits provide a range of valuable resources and information to young people, educators, and members of the community on numerous topics, including contraception and puberty.

Objectives
The usefulness and reliability of these available toolkits have not been previously studied, thus limiting our understanding of their appropriateness and contents. Hence, this scoping review aimed to synthesize the available toolkits aimed at the SRH of adolescents and young adults to understand the contents, design, and information gaps.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted of 6 medical databases and 12 gray literature sites. Sixteen toolkits published globally before May 2023 were included in our review.

Results
The majority of toolkits (n = 12) contained information related to general SRH knowledge and contraception, whereas only 3 contained information on teenage pregnancy. We found that aiming the toolkits toward educators and health care workers was a favorable design over targeting adolescents and young adults directly and that vulnerable youth—including LGBTQI+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, asexual or allied, intersex, and additional identities) and youth from humanitarian settings—were not well represented.

Conclusion
We identified key gaps in the inclusion of information in a range of SRH topics, such as LGBTQI+ sexuality, teenage pregnancy, and safe abortion, in the currently available SRH toolkits and their lack of applicability in a global context. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for areas of improvement to encourage adolescents’ agency in their SRH education.
Unlocking Precision in Callose Staining: Unveiling the Role of Sirofluor
Authors: Conrath Uwe 
Published: May 2024

Callose is a vital component in plant biology, contributing to essential processes like pollen maturation and defense against pathogens. However, misconceptions surrounding callose staining persist, particularly regarding the role of aniline blue. It is now known that commercial aniline blue contains sirofluor, and it is this fluorophore, rather than aniline blue itself, that is responsible for the observed fluorescence during callose detection. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Perspectivism and Health Professions Assessment
Authors: Pearce Jacob , Tavares Walter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article aims to outline perspectivism and perspectival thinking by drawing on established scholarship from the philosophy of science and to demonstrate its relevance to health professions education. Perspectivism embraces the notion that knowledge inherently arises from particular perspectives. “Truth” always depends on an evaluative background. Perspectivism is a form of epistemic humility that sees epistemic claims (relating to knowledge) as fundamentally historically and contextually situated. This article contends that perspectivism is a fruitful and relevant lens to apply to health professions assessment. It is a way of thinking that is all around us, even if we do not realize it. It extends discourse around the value of subjectivity in assessment and may cut through many prevailing debates on assessment practice. Perspectivism is a sort of middle ground that is not meant to be another idea or “-ism” to add to a list of ideas, but it constitutes a shift in how philosophy can be applied by adopting a broader, more holistic perspective. Applying a perspectival lens to health professions education embraces the imperative to make interpretive processes in assessment philosophically explicit. This opens the possibility of adopting multiple philosophical stances concurrently and allows actors to appreciate different methodological viewpoints with more charity. This scholarly perspective encourages the assessment community to continue to innovate through an appreciation of the importance of a wide range of assessment perspectives by uncovering the drivers of specific commitments to philosophical positions. Although the focus is on assessment in the health professions, perspectival thinking has the potential to advance medical education discourse and practice more generally beyond assessment. The hope with this essay is that by encouraging more critical reflection, this description of perspectival thinking will further aid researchers and practitioners in health professions education to better understand what is happening philosophically with more frequency.
Change in Lumbar Lordosis After Decompressive Surgery in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Patients and Associations With Patient-Related Outcomes Two Years After Surgery: Radiologic and Clinical Results From the NORDSTEN Spinal Stenosis Trial
Authors: Åkerstedt Josefin , Wänman Johan , Banitalebi Hasan , Myklebust Tor Åge , Weber Clemens , Storheim Kjersti , Hellum Christian , Indrekvam Kari , Hermansen Erland , Brisby Helena 
Published: May 2024

Study design.
A prospective cohort study.

Objective.
The aim was to investigate changes in lumbar lordosis (LL) and its association to changes in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after decompressive surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Summary of background.
Few studies have addressed change in LL after decompression surgery for LSS in relation to outcomes.

Materials and Methods.
Preoperative and postoperative data from 310 patients having standing x-ray both before and two years after surgery were included. The patients were grouped based on the change in LL preoperatively to two years after surgery; group 1: <5° (n=196), group 2: ≥5 <10° (n=55), or group 3: ≥10° (n=59) of change in LL. The changes in function, disability and pain were assessed by the Oswestry disability index (ODI), numeric rating scale (NRS), and the Zurich claudication questionnaire (ZCQ). The three groups were compared regarding baseline variables using the ANOVA test for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables. The groups were further compared with a likelihood ratio test in relation to changes in PROMs two years after surgery and outcomes were adjusted for respective baseline PROMs, age, sex, smoking, BMI, Schizas, and Pfirrmann scores.

Results.
LL was significantly changed at group level two years after surgery with a mean difference of 2.2° (SD: 9.4°) (P=0.001). The three LL change groups did not show any significant differences in patient characteristics, function, disability, and pain at baseline. The two groups with a change of more than 5° in LL two years after surgery (group 2 and 3) had significantly greater improvements in ODI (P=0.022) and ZCQ function (P=0.016) in the adjusted analyses, but was not significant for back and leg pain

Conclusion.
Changed LL after decompressive surgery for LSS was associated with improved ODI and physical function.

Level of Evidence. Level III.
Development and validation of a novel criterion of histologic healing in ulcerative colitis defined by inflammatory cell enumeration in lamina propria mucosa: A multicenter retrospective cohort in China
Authors: Gao Han , Peng Kangsheng , Shi Yadi , Zhu Shenshen , Sun Ruicong , Xu Chunjin , Liu Ping , Pang Zhi , Zhu Lanxiang , Chen Weichang , Feng Baisui , Wu Huili , Zhou Guangxi , Li Mingsong , Li Junxiang , Ding Baijing , Liu Zhanju 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Histological healing is closely associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes and lowered relapses in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we developed a novel diagnostic criterion for assessing histological healing in UC patients.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in UC patients, whose treatment was iteratively optimized to achieve mucosal healing at Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University from January 2017 to May 2022. We identified an inflammatory cell enumeration index (ICEI) for assessing histological healing based on the proportions of eosinophils, CD177+ neutrophils, and CD40L+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria under high power field (HPF), and the outcomes (risks of symptomatic relapses) of achieving histological remission vs. persistent histological inflammation using Kaplan–Meier curves. Intrareader reliability and inter-reader reliability were evaluated by each reader. The relationships to the changes in the Nancy index and the Geboes score were also assessed for responsiveness. The ICEI was further validated in a new cohort of UC patients from other nine university hospitals.

Results:
We developed an ICEI for clinical diagnosis of histological healing, i.e., Y = 1.701X1 + 0.758X2 + 1.347X3 − 7.745 (X1, X2, and X3 represent the proportions of CD177+ neutrophils, eosinophils, and CD40L+ T cells, respectively, in the colonic lamina propria under HPF). The receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis revealed that Y <−0.391 was the cutoff value for the diagnosis of histological healing and that an area under the curve (AUC) was 0.942 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.905–0.979) with a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 83.6% (P <0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the intrareader reliability was 0.855 (95% CI: 0.781–0.909), and ICEI had good inter-reader reliability of 0.832 (95% CI: 0.748–0.894). During an 18-month follow-up, patients with histological healing had a substantially better outcome compared with those with unachieved histological healing (P <0.001) using ICEI. During a 12-month follow-up from other nine hospitals, patients with histological healing also had a lower risk of relapse than patients with unachieved histological healing.

Conclusions:
ICEI can be used to predict histological healing and identify patients with a risk of relapse 12 months and 18 months after clinical therapy. Therefore, ICEI provides a promising, simplified approach to monitor histological healing and to predict the prognosis of UC.

Registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, No. ChiCTR2300077792.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patient Navigation for Health-Related Social Needs
Authors: Payne Julianne , DePriest Kelli , Clayton Megan L. , Berzin Olivia K.G. , Renaud Jeanette M. 
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:
This paper uses data from the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation’s Accountable Health Communities (AHC) Model to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient navigation (PN) for health-related social needs.

Methods:
We analyzed evaluation data from 28 organizations implementing the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation’s AHC Model. We first distilled themes from 81 stakeholder interviews conducted in 2021. We then analyzed quantitative beneficiary-level data on acceptance of navigation among 133,173 unique Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries who were eligible for navigation between January 2019 and March 2021.

Results:
During the pandemic, interview participants described greater complexity of patients’ cases and uncertainty regarding community service availability. Changes to navigation staffing and mode led to improvements in navigation quality and efficiency, but also challenges such as reduced rapport with patients. The pandemic increased navigator stress and burnout but also deepened appreciation for navigation among navigators and their patients. Beneficiaries were more likely to accept navigation during the pandemic than before the pandemic (P < .05).

Conclusions:
Changes in PN during the pandemic were perceived as both good and bad. Future work is needed to assess the long-term implications of pandemic-related changes to navigation for patients and navigators.
MASLD/MetALD and mortality in individuals with any cardio-metabolic risk factor: A population-based study with 26.7 years of follow-up
Authors: Kwak Minsun , Kim Hyun-seok , Jiang Zhenghui Gordon , Yeo Yee Hui , Trivedi Hirsh D. , Noureddin Mazen , Yang Ju Dong 
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims:
A new term, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), has been proposed by a multi-society expert panel. However, it remains unclear whether hepatic steatosis per se in MASLD contributes to an increased risk of mortality in individuals with any cardio-metabolic risk factor (CMRF), which is also a significant risk factor for increased mortality. This study aimed to compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality between the “MASLD/MetALD” and “no steatotic liver disease (SLD)” groups in individuals with any CMRF.

Approach and Results:
A population-based cohort study was conducted using 10,750 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All-cause and cause-specific (cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, and liver) mortality risks were compared between the “MASLD,” “MetALD,” and “no SLD” groups using the Cox proportional hazards model with complex survey design weights, adjusted for confounders. Over 26 years, the “MASLD” group did not show significantly increased all-cause (adjusted HR 1.04[95% CI: 0.95–1.14], p = 0.413), cardiovascular (0.88 [0.75–1.04], p = 0.139), or cancer (1.06[0.84–1.33], p = 0.635) mortality risk compared to the “no SLD” group in individuals with any CMRF. The MetALD group was associated with increased all-cause (1.41 [1.05–1.89], p = 0.022), cancer (2.35 [1.33–4.16], p = 0.004), and liver (15.04 [2.96–76.35], p = 0.002) mortality risk compared with the no SLD group. This trend was more pronounced in the MetALD group with advanced fibrosis assessed by Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4).

Conclusions:
In individuals with CMRF, the presence of steatotic liver disease (MASLD) alone did not increase the risk of mortality, except in cases with more alcohol consumption (MetALD). Therefore controlling metabolic risk factors and reducing alcohol consumption in people with MASLD or MetALD will be crucial steps to improve long-term health outcomes.
Estimating hepatitis C prevalence in the United States, 2017–2020
Authors: Hall Eric W. , Bradley Heather , Barker Laurie K. , Lewis Karon C. , Shealey Jalissa , Valverde Eduardo , Sullivan Patrick , Gupta Neil , Hofmeister Megan G. 
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims:
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) underestimates the true prevalence of HCV infection. By accounting for populations inadequately represented in NHANES, we created 2 models to estimate the national hepatitis C prevalence among US adults during 2017–2020.

Approach and Results:
The first approach (NHANES+) replicated previous methodology by supplementing hepatitis C prevalence estimates among the US noninstitutionalized civilian population with a literature review and meta-analysis of hepatitis C prevalence among populations not included in the NHANES sampling frame. In the second approach (persons who injected drugs [PWID] adjustment), we developed a model to account for the underrepresentation of PWID in NHANES by incorporating the estimated number of adult PWID in the United States and applying PWID-specific hepatitis C prevalence estimates. Using the NHANES+ model, we estimated HCV RNA prevalence of 1.0% (95% CI: 0.5%–1.4%) among US adults in 2017–2020, corresponding to 2,463,700 (95% CI: 1,321,700–3,629,400) current HCV infections. Using the PWID adjustment model, we estimated HCV RNA prevalence of 1.6% (95% CI: 0.9%–2.2%), corresponding to 4,043,200 (95% CI: 2,401,800–5,607,100) current HCV infections.

Conclusions:
Despite years of an effective cure, the estimated prevalence of hepatitis C in 2017–2020 remains unchanged from 2013 to 2016 when using a comparable methodology. When accounting for increased injection drug use, the estimated prevalence of hepatitis C is substantially higher than previously reported. National action is urgently needed to expand testing, increase access to treatment, and improve surveillance, especially among medically underserved populations, to support hepatitis C elimination goals.
THE PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ACUTE HENLE FIBER LAYER HYPERREFLECTIVITY IN PLACOID DISEASES
Authors: Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Menean Matteo , Marchese Alessandro , Ramtohul Prithvi , Bandello Francesco , Miserocchi Elisabetta 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the pathophysiology and prognostic significance of acute Henle fiber layer (HFL) hyperreflectivity in placoid diseases by examining its relationship with impaired choroidal flow and persistent photoreceptor disruption.

Methods:
Retrospective–prospective observational study on patients with placoid diseases. Indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed during the acute phase and follow-up. Impaired choroidal flow, HFL hyperreflectivity, and persistent ellipsoid zone disruption, their colocalization index, and their associations with initial and final visual acuity were explored.

Results:
Sixteen eyes from eight patients (mean age, 25.3 ± 6.44 years) were included (median follow-up, 13.5 months). Quantitative analysis revealed significant correlations between areas of impaired choroidal flow, HFL hyperreflectivity, and persistent ellipsoid zone disruption (correlation coefficients of 0.69, 0.63, and 0.46, respectively). Impaired choroidal flow area exceeded HFL hyperreflectivity (P = 0.002) and ellipsoid zone disruption (P = 0.003). A noteworthy 94% nonrandom overlap between HFL hyperreflectivity and ellipsoid zone disruption was observed. Worse initial visual acuity correlated with foveal involvement (P = 0.0002), thicker choroid (P = 0.001), larger impaired choroidal flow areas (P = 0.02), and thinner outer retina post lesion inactivation (P = 0.04).

Conclusion:
Henle fiber layer hyperreflectivity predicted photoreceptor recovery potential in placoid diseases. If HFL hyperreflectivity corresponds to acute HFL damage, it may suggest more severe involvement of the entire photoreceptor length.
Using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis to Decrease Risk When Developing a Home Health Nurse Residency Program
Authors: Pennington Gwen 
Published: May 2024

Background:
New graduate nurses are traditionally not recruited for home health care (HHC).

Local Problem:
Due to staffing shortages, a HHC agency was interested in hiring graduate nurses, but there was concern about associated risks.

Methods:
The purpose of this quality improvement project was to develop a nurse residency program to safely transition graduate nurses to the HHC setting. After initial program design, analysis using a failure mode effects analysis (FMEA) was conducted, and risk mitigation strategies were applied.

Results:
The overall risk of onboarding graduate nurses in HHC was reduced by 42% after applying harm reduction tactics identified from the FMEA.

Conclusion:
The FMEA was found to be a useful tool to prospectively identify areas of concern and apply harm reduction tactics prior to nurse residency implementation.
Availability of Pediatric Services and Equipment in Emergency Departments
Authors: Shawahna Ramzi , Mukhaimer Yara , Hawwari Hiba , Barham Mo'men , Jaber Mohammad , Maqboul Iyad , Hijaz Hatim 
Published: May 2024

Objective
This study was conducted to assess the availability of equipment and supplies in the emergency departments of the hospitals in the West Bank of Palestine.

Methods
This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design using a data collection form that was specifically developed for this study. The standardized data collection form contained a detailed list of all essential pediatric emergency equipment and supplies.

Results
This study was conducted in a total of 30 hospitals all across the West Bank of Palestine. The median number of patients visiting the emergency department per day was 115.0, the median number of patients admitted to the hospital per day was 14.5, and the median number of pediatric patients visiting the emergency department per day was 6.0. The median number of pediatricians in the hospital was 4.0, the median number of pediatricians in the emergency department was 1.0, the median number of nurses in the hospital was 75.0, and the median number of nurses in the emergency department was 8.5. Both governmental and private hospitals lacked the equipment and supplies needed for monitoring, gaining vascular access, airway management, resuscitation medications, cervical immobilization equipment, and other equipment and supplies.

Conclusions
Decision and policymakers might use the findings reported in this study to allocate resources to restock and increase the availability of pediatric emergency equipment and supplies. More studies are still needed to compare the outcomes of patients before and after restocking and increasing the availability of pediatric emergency equipment and supplies.
Development and Evaluation of Patient Safety Interventions: Perspectives of Operational Safety Leaders and Patient Safety Organizations
Authors: Gomes Kylie M. , Handley Jessica , Pruitt Zoe M. , Krevat Seth , Fong Allan , Ratwani Raj M. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to understand how patient safety professionals from healthcare facilities and patient safety organizations develop patient safety interventions and the resources used to support intervention development.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with patient safety professionals at nine healthcare facilities and nine patient safety organizations. Interview data were qualitatively analyzed, and findings were organized by the following: patient safety solutions and interventions, use of external databases, and evaluation of patient safety solutions.

Results
Development of patient safety interventions across healthcare facilities and patient safety organizations was similar and included literature searches, internal brainstorming, and interviews. Nearly all patient safety professionals at healthcare facilities reported contacting colleagues at other healthcare facilities to learn about similar safety issues and potential interventions. Additionally, less than half of patient safety professionals at healthcare facilities and patient safety organizations interviewed report data to publicly available patient safety databases. Finally, most patient safety professionals at healthcare facilities and patient safety organizations stated that they evaluate the effectiveness of patient safety interventions; however, they mentioned methods that may be less rigorous including audits, self-reporting, and subjective judgment.

Conclusions
Patient safety professionals often utilize similar methods and resources to develop and evaluate patient safety interventions; however, many of these efforts are not coordinated across healthcare organizations and could benefit from working collectively in a systematic fashion. Additionally, healthcare facilities and patient safety organizations face similar challenges and there are several opportunities for optimization on a national level that may improve patient safety.