bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Lithium Capillary Structures in Ohmic Discharges of T-10 Tokamak
Authors: Vershkov V. A. , Sarychev D. V. , Shelukhin D. A. , Nemets A. R. , Mirnov S. V. , Lyublinski I. E. , Vertkov A. V. , Zharkov M. Yu. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The results of experiments at the T-10 tokamak using lithium capillary-porous structures are presented. It is shown that lithium sputtering under conditions of graphite diaphragms can significantly reduce deuterium recycling and the level of impurities in the plasma. At the same time, recycling increases significantly five discharges after the start of the day of the experiment, and the effect of reducing the level of impurities persists for 150–300 discharges. The results of using a capillary-porous structure with lithium filling as a movable rail diaphragm in the T-10 configuration with tungsten main diaphragms are presented. The introduction of a lithium diaphragm into the SOL region makes it possible to reduce recycling and obtain discharges with an effective plasma charge approaching unity. In this case, the effect increases as the lithium sputtered in the chamber is accumulated. It is shown experimentally that a capillary-porous structure with lithium filling can be used as a main diaphragm with longitudinal plasma heat fluxes up to 3.6 MW/m2. However, a necessary condition is the complete impregnation of the porous structure with lithium and the prevention of extrusion of lithium into the discharge as a result of the interaction of the current flowing to the diaphragm with the toroidal magnetic field. Experiments have shown that to obtain discharges with a small lithium admixture, a strong gas injection of deuterium or impurity is required to reduce the temperature of the plasma periphery and effective cooling of the diaphragm below 450°C. Otherwise, the diaphragm transfers into a strong evaporation mode with high lithium flows, which lead to a significant increase in the lithium concentration in the plasma. Strong evaporation reduces the heat inflow and stabilizes the diaphragm temperature.
Study protocol for a transversal study to develop a screening model for excessive gambling behaviours on a representative sample of users of French authorised gambling websites
Authors: Perrot Bastien , Hardouin Jean-Benoit , Costes Jean-Michel , Caillon Julie , Grall-Bronnec Marie , Challet-Bouju Gaëlle 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionSince the legalisation of online gambling in France in 2010, gambling operators must implement responsible gambling measures to prevent excessive gambling practices. However, actually there is no screening procedure for identifying problematic gamblers. Although several studies have already been performed using several data sets from online gambling operators, the authors deplored several methodological and clinical limits that prevent scientifically validating the existence of problematic gambling behaviour. The aim of this study is to develop a model for screening excessive gambling practices based on the gambling behaviours observed on French gambling websites, coupled with a clinical validation.Methods and analysisThe research is divided into three successive stages. All analyses will be performed for each major type of authorised online gambling in France. The first stage aims at defining a typology of users of French authorised gambling websites based on their gambling behaviour. This analysis will be based on data from the Authority for Regulating Online Gambling (ARJEL) and the Française Des Jeux (FDJ). For the second stage aiming at determining a score to predict whether a gambler is problematic or not, we will cross answers from the Canadian Problem Gambling Index with real gambling data. The objective of the third stage is to clinically validate the score previously developed. Results from the screening model will be compared (using sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, and positive and negative predictive values) with the diagnosis obtained with a telephone clinical interview, including diagnostic criteria for gambling addiction.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee (GNEDS) on 25 March 2015. Results will be presented in national and international conferences, submitted to peer-reviewed journals and will be part of a PhD thesis. A final report with the study results will be presented to the ARJEL, especially the final screening model.Trial registration numberNCT02415296.
Testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Elliott Jesse , Kelly Shannon E , Millar Adam C , Peterson Joan , Chen Li , Johnston Amy , Kotb Ahmed , Skidmore Becky , Bai Zemin , Mamdani Muhammad , Wells George A 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the relative effects of individual testosterone products among hypogonadal men.DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and grey literature (25 May 2017) for randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies (NRS) that involved hypogonadal men given testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for ≥3 months. Comparators were placebo, another TRT, or the same product at a different dose. Outcomes were quality of life, depression, libido, erectile function, activities of daily living and testosterone levels, as well as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, prostate cancer, heart disease, diabetes, serious adverse events, withdrawals due to adverse events and erythrocytosis. RCT data were pooled via meta-analysis and network meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane’s risk of bias tool (RCTs) andScottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)50 (NRS).ResultsEighty-seven RCTs and 51 NRS were included. Most were at high or unclear risk of bias, with short treatment duration and follow-up. When compared as a class against placebo, TRT improved quality of life (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.26, 95% CI −0.41 to –0.11), libido (SMD 0.33, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.50), depression (SMD −0.23, 95% CI −0.44 to –0.01) and erectile function (SMD 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.41). Most individual TRTs were significantly better than placebo at improving libido (6/10). Only one TRT was better than placebo at improving quality of life, and no individual TRTs improved depression or erectile function. There was no increased risk of adverse events, with the exception of withdrawals due to adverse events with the use of some TRTs.ConclusionDespite a class effect of improving quality of life, depression, erectile function and libido, major improvements were not observed with the use of any individual product. We observed no statistically significant increase in the risk of adverse events; however, longer-term high-quality trials are needed to fully assess the risk of harm.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42014009963.
A CENTURY OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY IN IRAN: AN ANALYSIS OF INTELLECTUAL TRENDS IN IRAN'S DEVELOPMENT PLANS
Authors: Doshmangir Leila , Moshiri Esmaeil 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:Every individual is entitled to the right to health, and public health policies are the direct result of this principle. Both from a humanism perspective and due to the inherent requirements of a universal public health system, maintaining health has priority over treatment. Accordingly, any system aiming to promote public health must adjust its decisions, policies, and activities so as to continuously and progressively improve the quality of health services. The present research analyzes the role of Public health policies and intellectual trends in developing Iran's health system. The results can be used to outline the future of primary healthcare at different levels of health system.Methods:Data were gathered through a review of the literature as well as relevant documents and round table discussions. Data was analyzed using content analysis.Results:Clarification of health policies and distinguishing between key and ideal choices allows for more rigorous pursuit of the fundamental goals of the health system. Adherence to the guiding principles of a comprehensive health system, implementation of an all-inclusive network of health services, issues related to training human resources, the role of the government and the Ministry of Health in providing health services, and the basic needs of the health system are the most important factors that require more attention for further development of healthcare at different levels of Iran's health system.Conclusion:By analyzing the experiences of Iran's health system and by understanding the status quo, the strength and weakness of the system can be identified and a systematic approach can be taken to develop and implement new and better policies. Health issues are interrelated and are even affected by social conditions. Increasing the number of physicians, having extra funds, and building new hospitals with more beds are not as effective as promoting the concept of prevention in solving the problems that people faces today. The health system must be viewed as a whole made up of various intertwined parts. Its goals must be clarified, its requirements, resources, and limitations must be specified, and a systematic approach must be taken to solve the problems of the health system by taking into account all the contributing factors.
113: SPECIFIC TARGETING OF HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER CELL LINE (SK-BR3) USING IDARUBICIN-LOADED ANTI-HER2 IMMUNOLIPOSOME
Authors: Pourshohod Aminollah , Zeinali Majid , Afrakhte Moslem , Jamalan Mostafa 
Published: May 2024

Cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs which are used for treating malignant cells cannot distinguish between normal and cancerous cells. This would lead to adverse side effects. Moreover, drug resistance is another major problem of the classical chemotherapy during the treatment period. Recently, various therapeutic strategies have been developed for cell-specific targeting of anti-neoplastic drugs. Among the various kinds of drug delivery systems, (immuno) liposome has attracted high attention for its unique features such as high loading capacity, lower toxicity, delivery of soluble/non-soluble drugs, targeting and versatile structural specifications that permit easy surface decoration. Idarubicin is a semisynthetic anticancer drug that is widely used for treatment of leukemia as well as other kinds of cancers.In this study, liposomes were covered with biocompatible polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dress up with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) Trastuzumab (Herceptin®). Trastuzumab is a humanized mAb approved by FDA for ablation of HER-2 over express cells in metastatic breast cancer. The constructed immunoliposome was loaded by Idarubicin. Shape, polarity, and size of synthesized immunoliposomes were characterized by the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Dynamic Light scattering (DLS) methods. SK-BR3 and MCF7 cell lines were used as HER2- positive and HER2-negative cells, respectively. Cell lines were treated with different concentrations of Idarubicin either in the free form or entrapped in liposomes/ immunoliposomes. After treatment, growth of malignant cells was evaluated by MTT assay.Mean diameter and zeta potential of the prepared Idarubicin-loaded anti-HER2 immunoliposomes were 160 nm and –20 mV, respectively. Cell lines responded to Idarubicin in a concentration dependent manner. According to the obtained results, Idarubicin showed potent toxic effect on both kinds of cell lines, however; SK-BR3 cells were significantly more sensitive. In comparison, Idarubicin in the form of immunoliposome was more potent in the killing of SK-BR3 malignant cells.
142: THE IMPACT OF VISITORS ON THE QUALITY OF HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS' TREATMENT
Authors: Shamloo Marzieh Beigom Bigdeli , Bahrami Hadi 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:Visiting is one of the basic requirements of patients, but most doctors and nurses know visiting as a stressor. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the presence of visitors on the quality of patients' treatment.Methods:In this review, we studied 20 reliable documentations and sources extracted from sites of SID, PUBMED, and magazines inside and outside the country about the presence of visitors, fellows and training them in various sectors and also treatment processes and the results of the reviewed articles were compared.Results:The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the anxiety and severe physiological changes in patients who had visitors and those who had no visitors. (P<0.05) In addition, the length of delivery in women who had visitors was statistically different and longer than those who had no visitors (P<0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the rates of death in patients who had no visitors and the patients who had visitors (P<0.05).Conclusion:The presence of visitors has reduced anxiety and death in patients and has prevented severe changes in physiological indicators. Moreover, the presence of visitors reduces the duration of delivery, which of course should be accompanied with proper training.
164: COMPARE OF IMPORTANCE OF GOOD PATIENT –PROVIDER COMMUNICATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN HIGH AND LOW INCOME DISTRICTS OF MASHHAD
Authors: Fazaeli Somayeh , Yousefi Mehdi , Ershadnia Zahra-Sadat , Fazaeli Saeed 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:Provide needed information, get feedback and answer the questions of patients, that the World Health Organization calls it as clarity of communication of patient- health care personnel and is one of the eight domains of health system responsiveness, which is important in the delivery of high-quality health care. This study was done to compare of importance of good communication of health care providers with patients from the perspective of households living in high and low income districts of Mashhad.Methods:In this cross-sectional and explanatory study, 923 household were selected randomly from two high and low income districts of Mashhad in 2014. World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR), descriptive and non-parametric statistics by SPSS 19 at a significance level of 0.05.Results:Percentage of people who said it's very important to have good communication between health care providers and patients in high and low income districts of Mashhad were 56% and 48% respectively. Also there were a statistically significant differences between importance of good communication with living districts: low/high income (P-Value ≤0.05), having a person in need of care living in household (P-Value ≤0.01) and Education (year) of respondents (P-Value ≤0.01).Conclusion:As shown, having good communication between health care providers and patients from the perspective of majority of services users in high and low income districts of Mashhad were important and very important. Also improving the level of education in population can help to increase awareness of them about effective role of good provider-patient communication in the delivery of high-quality health care.
167: CRITICALLY APPRAISE OF THE REPORTING QUALITY OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS ARTICLES IN THE FIELD OF DIABETES IN MEDICAL GUIDELINES IN IRAN
Authors: Aletaha Azadeh , Baradaran Hamid Reza , Soltani Akbar , Ramezani Amir 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:To determine the quality of randomized controlled clinical trial reports in diabetes research in Iran and their presence in domestic and foreign credible guidelines which can imply whether randomized controlled trial articles in the field of diabetes are of good quality or not with respect to their high level of received citations, quality and credibility.Method:We included RCTs conducted on Diabetes mellitus in Iran. Animal studies, educational, interventions, and non-randomized trials were excluded. This was a bibliographic study examining published journal articles involving RCTs in diabetes research from Iranian authors. A systematic search of ten databases(ISI Web of science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, The Cochrane Library, Taylor & Francis Online, Biomed Central, EBSCO, ProQuest and OVID)were undertaken from July 2004–2014. We excluded duplicated publications reporting the same groups of participants and intervention two independent reviewers identify all eligible articles specifically designed data extraction form. Two reviewers assessed the quality of reporting by CONSORT 2010 (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) checklist statement and also evaluate each article with Scientometry tools in 260 valid English diabetes guidelines.Result:Overall, we included 185 RCTs on diabetes mellitus, One hundred and eight five (185) studies were included and appraised. Half of them (55.7%) were published in Iranian journals. Most (89.7%) were parallel RCTs, and being performed on type2 diabetic patients (77.8%). Less than half of the CONSORT items (43.2%) were reported in studies, totally. The reporting of randomization and blinding were poor. A few studies 15.1% mentioned the method of random sequence generation and strategy of allocation concealment. And only 34.8% of trials report how blinding was applied. From 185 articles, twelve articles (10%) are presented in 260 Guidelines.Conclusion:The reporting quality of abstracts of RCTs on Diabetes mellitus still should be improved. After the publication of CONSORT for abstracts guideline, the RCT abstracts reporting quality were improvement to some extent. The presence of RCTs on diabetes mellitus in guidelines was poor. This indicates that RCTs on diabetes mellitus need substantial improvement. In order to present an adequate reporting of the randomized controlled trial results, it is necessary that comprehensive information be given about the study's design, implementation, included groups, and method of data analysis and interpretation of the results.
171: DISSEMINATION OF EVIDENCE BASED KNOWLEDGE ON METABOLIC SYNDROME (MS) FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE: BANGLADESH CONTEXT
Authors: Natasha Khurshid , Liaquat Ali 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:Local context of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) is of central importance to reduce the public health concerns like metabolic syndrome and thus designing of proper strategies to improve health in a population requires sufficient data which are scanty in Bangladesh. Therefore a project was designed an attempt to start a solution by BIRDEM and WDF (Jan 06–Aug 11). The goal was to create awareness and impact on health professionals and policy makers regarding MS absolutely from local perspective of Bangladeshi people.Methods:The TEAM contacted each and every single institute/university/organization over the whole country to collect primary/secondary – chemical, biological and sociocultural data from research on MS. Data on about 1000 food items and 12000 socioeconomic related KAP were sum-upped, compiled and edited for database. Then a substantial volume of culturally sensitive health promotional/educational tools like followings:▸ Publication and circulation of several health articles, magazines, calendar, Leaflets and Alphabet book.▸ Distribution of ‘Clay-models’.▸ Dispersion of thousands of Mini-display-boards.▸ Training of health professionals▸ Special Classes for patients (337)▸ ‘Series of Dissemination Seminars’ for all (15)▸ Launching of websitewww.pushti.org▸ Broadcast of 3 mini docudramas through >12 satellite channels…. were developed.Results:The KAP level is significantly improved after promotional activities. Benefitted people: 3000000 Patients and Relatives, 1200 Doctors, 600 Paramedics, 800 Nurses, 100 Dieticians/Educators, 60000000 Mass people. Recently this research work has been accepted in different institutes to practice further.Conclusion:Allied persons are now giving the second thoughts to design, run or implement new endeavour focusing the key findings of this project.
174: ETIOLOGY AND PATTERNS OF FACIAL FRACTURES IN IRAN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Amirzade-Iranaq Mohammad Hossein , Masoumi Seyyed Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:One of the highest rates of car accidents and related morbidities and mortalities in the world is reported from Iran. Facial structures are usually injured in such accidents. This study is conducted to find the patterns and etiologies of mid-facial fractures in Iran.Methods:Electronic search performed based on PubMed, Scopus, ISC and Web of Science for relevant studies and also hand-searching for recognizing non-indexed sources. English and Persian languages restriction included and only cross sectional studies entered to this study. 32 articles found through databases searching and also 3 Additional records identified by hand-searching. After excluding of duplicates and studies not meeting inclusion criteria like knowledge attitude studies, at last 8 Full-text articles assessed for eligibility. Quality assessment of this study was executed by using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). All of these studies were selected for meta-analysis by Comprehensive meta-analysis version 2.0.Results:With male to female ratio of 4:1, 41% of fractures were related to automobile accidents, and 21% were attributed to motorcycle accidents. Other etiologies are collisions, falls, physical abuse, bicycle events, occupational events and sport events. Most fractures occurred in zygoma followed by Le Fort and nasal bone fractures.Conclusion:The main etiology of mid-facial fractures is automobile and motorcycle accidents. Protective measures were not observed in the majority of patients.
176: EVIDENCE-BASED AND EFFECTIVE RESEARCH SKILLS OF IRANIAN MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Mostafaei Helia , Sadeghi-Ghyassi Fatemeh , Mostafaei Hadi 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:Recently, digital research is very popular in schools. The capacity of students to do an effective search is unclear which can lead to utilization of unacceptable evidence in their research.Aims:To evaluate middle school students' effective search skills.Methods:This survey was done during the summer school of Farzanegan talented students middle school. The self-administrated questionnaire studied 30 items about effective search and digital research skills of students. One hundred questionnaires were distributed in this summer school and students in the 7th and 8th grades filled the questionnaires. The administration of the questionnaire was counted as their concept. All data was analyzed at Excel 2013.Results:Eighty percent of students including 67.5% of the seventh and 32.5% of the eighth grade students responded to the questionnaires respectively. Shockingly, 96.2% of students only googled and most of them (73.7%) type the topic of their research in Persian to start their research strategy. More than half of them (52.5) believed the result of their search is mostly or always correct and 66.2% of them copy-pasted their findings without any assessment. Surprisingly, only 27.5% of them have proposed that they had problem with appraising the evidence. The best sources of the students for finding the answer of their questions were: Wikipedia, telegram, TV, books, E-Books, YouTube, classmates, Facebook and student information websites, and EBSCO, accordingly. 76.2% acknowledged that internet has turned students into copy machines. Only 31.2% agreed their teachers taught them how to do effective research.Conclusion:Most of the students were not familiar with valid sources of research evidence. Language barrier may limit their access to best evidence. Most students were not used to retrieving the evidence.