bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of user's navigation commands from upper body force interaction in walker assisted gait
Authors: Frizera Neto Anselmo , Gallego Juan A , Rocon Eduardo , Pons José L , Ceres Ramón 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
The advances in technology make possible the incorporation of sensors and actuators in rollators, building safer robots and extending the use of walkers to a more diverse population. This paper presents a new method for the extraction of navigation related components from upper-body force interaction data in walker assisted gait. A filtering architecture is designed to cancel: (i) the high-frequency noise caused by vibrations on the walker's structure due to irregularities on the terrain or walker's wheels and (ii) the cadence related force components caused by user's trunk oscillations during gait. As a result, a third component related to user's navigation commands is distinguished.

Results
For the cancelation of high-frequency noise, a Benedict-Bordner g-h filter was designed presenting very low values for Kinematic Tracking Error ((2.035 ± 0.358)·10-2
kgf) and delay ((1.897 ± 0.3697)·101
ms). A Fourier Linear Combiner filtering architecture was implemented for the adaptive attenuation of about 80% of the cadence related components' energy from force data. This was done without compromising the information contained in the frequencies close to such notch filters.

Conclusions
The presented methodology offers an effective cancelation of the undesired components from force data, allowing the system to extract in real-time voluntary user's navigation commands. Based on this real-time identification of voluntary user's commands, a classical approach to the control architecture of the robotic walker is being developed, in order to obtain stable and safe user assisted locomotion.
Conformation of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor N-terminal Domain: Evidence for Induced and Stable Structure
Authors: Fischer Katharina , Kelly Sharon M. , Watt Kate , Price Nicholas C. , McEwan Iain J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) binds the steroid hormones aldosterone and cortisol and has an important physiological role in the control of salt homeostasis. Regions of the protein important for gene regulation have been mapped to the amino-terminal domain (NTD) and termed activation function (AF)1a, AF1b, and middle domain (MD). In the present study, we used a combination of biophysical and biochemical techniques to investigate the folding and function of the MR-NTD transactivation functions. We demonstrate that MR-AF1a and MR-MD have relatively little stable secondary structure but have the propensity to form α-helical conformation. Induced folding of the MR-MD enhanced protein-protein binding with a number of coregulatory proteins, including the coactivator cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein and the corepressors SMRT and RIP140. By contrast, the MR-AF1b domain appeared to have a more stable conformation consisting predominantly of β-secondary structure. Furthermore, MR-AF1b specifically interacted with the TATA-binding protein, via an LxxLL-like motif, in the absence of induced folding. Together, these data suggest that the MR-NTD contains a complex transactivation system made up of distinct structural and functional domains. The results are discussed in the context of the induced folding paradigm for steroid receptor NTDs.
Thermally Two-stepped Spin Transitions Induced by Intramolecular Electron Transfers in a Cyanide-bridged Molecular Square
Authors: Nihei Masayuki , Sekine Yoshihiro , Suganami Naoki , Oshio Hiroki 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A cyanide-bridged molecular square, [Co2Fe2(CN)6(tp*)2(dtbbpy)4](PF6)2·2MeOH (1) (tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl) borate and dtbbpy = 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine) was prepared by the reaction of (Bu4N)[Fe(CN)3(tp*)] with Co(CF3SO3)2·6H2O and dtbbpy in methanol. Variable temperature X-ray structural analyses, magnetic and spectroscopic data revealed that 1 exhibited novel thermal two-stepped spin transitions induced by intramolecular electron transfers.
Evaluation of Marine Brown Laminaria Japonica Algae as a Low-cost Adsorbent for the Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Xue Song , Zhou Ying , Jiang Yu 
Published: August 2010

Batch adsorption experiments were carried out using marine brown Laminaria japonica algae for the removal of the Basic dye Malachite Green from aqueous solution. The influence of process parameters such as the initial solution pH, the contact time, the adsorbent concentration, the particle size, the interaction temperature and the ionic strength were investigated. The adsorbent was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. The adsorption of Malachite Green was pH-dependent and attained equilibrium within 60 min for two particle size fractions. The kinetic data were tested using the pseudo-first-order equation and the second-order Ritchie equation. The results showed that the adsorption of Malachite Green onto Laminaria japonica followed the second-order Ritchie equation very well. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations were applied to the data relating to the adsorption isotherms and the observed maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for the particle size fraction < 150 μm was 89.44 mg/g at 20 °C. The effects of adsorbent concentration and ionic strength on the adsorption of Malachite Green were very marked. The Laminaria japonica algae could serve as low-cost adsorbents for removing Malachite Green dye from aqueous solution.
Effect of Interaction Energies on the Adsorption of Glycine onto a Cu(110) Surface: A Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Uñac R.O. , Vidales A.M. , Zgrablich G. 
Published: August 2010

The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of the adsorbate–adsorbate interaction energy for the glycine/Cu(110) system using a Monte Carlo simulation in the grand canonical ensemble. The dependence of the surface pattern structures upon the temperature and diffusion rate was studied. For either reversible or irreversible adsorption, the results showed that it is possible to obtain condensed phases with a large degree of correlation for high diffusion rates and temperatures. Depending on the set of interaction energies for nearest- and next-nearest-neighbour molecules, these patterns form either hetero- or homo-chiral footprint domains. The results obtained are qualitatively consistent with the experimental pattern observed by other authors and allow an interpretation of the different proposed theoretical models used to explain experimental data.
Removal of Toxic Hexavalent Chromium Ions from Aqueous Solution by a Natural Biomaterial: Batch and Column Adsorption
Authors: Gurbuz Fatma 
Published: August 2010

The results of the removal of chromium(VI) ions from the aqueous phase employing different algal biomasses as bio-adsorbents are presented. Batch and column experiments were performed to determine the maximum adsorption capacity of the selected adsorbents. Algae were immobilised by employing pumice or silica gel as alternative substances for polymer matrices. The effects of pH, contact time, initial Cr(VI) ion concentration and adsorbent concentration were tested. Results are presented showing that the maximum adsorption capacity occurred at pH 2 when Scenedesmus obliquus and Arthospira maxima were employed as adsorbents. A biphasic Cr(VI) ion removal pattern was observed in all experiments. The effects of Cr(VI) ion loading on both the free and immobilised biomass were tested to allow the applications to be compared. The maximum removal extent of Cr(VI) ions from the aqueous phase was 18.98 ± 0.32 mg/mg free S. obliquus and 18.37 ± 0.28 mg/mg immobilised S. obliquus. The results show that immobilisation of the biomaterial made only a small difference to the extent of Cr(VI) ion removal. However, it is a much more suitable process for industrial applications since it can be continuously applied. The recovery of loaded metal ions was studied when it was found that HCl was very effective for desorbing Cr(VI) ions adsorbed onto the biomass. The results indicate that S. obliquus biomass is a potential candidate for the development of an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from wastewater.
Influence of Precursor Compounds on the Structural and Catalytic Properties of Cobalt-Based Catalysts
Authors: Selim M.M. , Deraz N.M. , Ramadan M. 
Published: August 2010

The effects of different cobalt precursor compounds on the structural and catalytic properties of cobalt metal and Co3O4 catalysts have been investigated. The techniques employed for characterizing the different solids were XRD, ESR and TEM methods, together with their effectiveness as catalysts in the decomposition of H2O2 at 30–50 °C. The results obtained indicate that the investigated catalysts contained clusters or very small particles of cobalt metal or Co3O4 phases. Cobalt metal and Co3O4 catalysts based on cobalt chloride exhibited higher catalytic activities than other catalysts derived from cobalt nitrate and sulphate salts, respectively, due to their decreased particle sizes. The activation energies of the catalytic reaction over the as-prepared catalysts revealed that the different precursor compounds did not modify the energetic nature of the active sites involved in the catalyzed reaction but changed their concentrations.
Application of the Tensegrity Principles on Tensile Textile Constructions
Authors: Peña Diana Maritza , Llorens Ignasi , Sastre Ramon 
Published: August 2010

The purpose of this document is to study the application of Tensegrity principles on tensile textile constructions, which is one of points of the PhD Thesis that the author is writing under the tutorship of Prof. Josep Ignasi Llorens and Prof. Ramon Sastre, professors at the Polytechnic University of Catalunia. This work studies the basic concept of Tensegrity unit, its classification according a previous researcher (Anthony Pugh) and the author's contribution, focused on new generations of forms. Through the geometry and computer software, another typology and a constructive simple method is developed, bearing in mind, some aspects as important as system pretension to find its balance. The objective principal is to contribute in a particular way to the application of the tensegrity in architectural spaces, in this case sports spaces through a new proposal that generates an external ring in tensegrity with a central dome, free of any interior support, by formfinding a diamond membrane pattern with discontinuous struts in a double layer that find their equilibrium through the tension of the membrane. In the following examples one can observe that traditional tensegrity tendons are replaced by membranes Fig 1, which is the main contribution of this work that finds geometry and its constructive method of the different prototypes with the help of software like AutoCAD and WinTess (a software development by Ramon Sastre), which verifies the structural equilibrium.
Non-Linear Architectural Design Process
Authors: Grobman Yasha Jacob , Yezioro Abraham , Capeluto Isaac Guedi 
Published: August 2010

The introduction of the computer to the architectural design process have facilitated the possibility to examine a large number of design alternatives by allowing continuous variation between pre defined constraints. However, for the most part, evaluation and comparison of the alternatives is still handled manually in a linear fashion by the designer. This paper introduces a different approach to the architectural design process, which calls for a multithreaded or a non-linear design process. In a non-linear design process design directions and alternatives are generated, presented and evaluated simultaneously, and in real time. As an example for a non-linear design process the Generative Performance Oriented Design model and software tool (GenPOD) are presented and discussed. Moving towards non-linear modes of design arguably increases design creativity by allowing generating and evaluating a greater number and variation of design alternatives.
Selective Inactivation of Viruses with Femtosecond Laser Pulses and its Potential Use for in Vitro Therapy
Authors: Tsen Shaw-Wei D. , Tsen Yu-Shan D. , Tsen K. T. , Wu T. C. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Traditional biochemical and pharmaceutical methods employed today encounter problems of clinical side effects and drug resistance, and their use is becoming limited. Therefore, it has become important and necessary to develop new, alternative strategies to combat viral diseases.Materials and Method: A variety of viruses including M13 bacetriophage (nonenveloped ssDNA), tobacco mosaic virus (nonenveloped ssRNA), human papillomavirus (nonenveloped dsDNA) and human immunodeficiency virus (enveloped ssRNA), together with human red blood cells, Jurkat T‐cells and mouse dendritic cells in their buffer solutions have been irradiated with near‐infrared subpicosecond laser pulses in vitro.Results: A window of laser power density, approximately between 1 GW/cm2 and 10 GW/cm2, has been observed that allows killing the viral particles while leaving mammalian cells unharmed.Conclusion: The ultrashort pulsed laser technology may have great potential for disinfection of blood components.
The Development of Zr-2.5Nb Pressure Tubes for CANDU Reactors
Authors: Cheadle B. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe first reactor to use zirconium alloy tubes to contain hot pressurized water as a heat transport medium was the Hanford N reactor in 1962. For this reactor, three companies that had suitable extrusion and cold working equipment were given contracts to produce Zircaloy-2 tubes. All the companies were successful, and tubes from each company were installed in the reactor. When Canada decided to design and build a power reactor (nuclear power demonstration (NPD)), it elected to use the pressure tube concept and gave a contract to one of the companies (Chase Brass) to fabricate the Zircaloy-2 tubes. Douglas Point and Pickering Units 1 and 2 followed NPD, and all used similar Zircaloy-2 pressure tubes. A stronger tube was desired in order to thin the wall and improve the neutron economy. An alloy development program in the USSR had shown that the alloy Zr-2.5Nb looked very promising as a stronger alloy than Zircaloy-2, and both the USSR and Canada developed this alloy and subsequently used Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes in their reactors. When both the Zircaloy-2 and Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes were first installed in the reactors, several important properties and characteristics such as hydrogen ingress into the metal from corrosion in water, the enhancement of creep by neutron irradiation, shape change by neutron irradiation, reduction in fracture toughness by neutron irradiation, and delayed hydride cracking were not appreciated. These properties all led to problems during the service lives of the early tubes. Large research programs investigated these properties and showed that the α-grain size, shape, and crystallographic texture, the distribution of the β-phase, the dislocation type, and density as well as the micro-chemistry controlled the in-reactor properties of the tubes. This information enabled the design and operation of the reactors to be changed so that the tubes had satisfactory service lives. In addition, the information was used to fabricate tubes that had much improved properties and service lives.
The Probability of Collision During Vessel Overtaking
Authors: Lizakowski Piotr 
Published: August 2010

The Probability of Collision During Vessel Overtaking
There are many close quarter situations at sea, especially in narrow channels. The problem of overtaking on fairways is a complex issue. Navigation, when carried out in such areas causes reduce of a vessel's safety level, it is necessary to consider limits: ship's particulars, fairway's parameters, human factor, vessel traffic. If these factors are not considered during overtaking, it will cause ship out of fairway or collision. The paper contains the probability of collision during overtaking.
Prerequisites for Positive Impact of Foreign Direct Investments on Economic Growth
Authors: Lukyanenko Iryna , Krasnikova Larysa , Podvysotskiy Yuriy 
Published: August 2010

Prerequisites for Positive Impact of Foreign Direct Investments on Economic Growth
The paper concentrates on determination of prerequisites for the positive effect of FDI on economic growth. For this purpose database of "Global Competitiveness Report" is used. Significant evidence was obtained for institutions, infrastructure, health and primary education, meaning that improvements in these variables would lead to increase in positive effect of attracted FDI on economic growth.
Dimensioning the Navigational Safety in Maritime Transport
Authors: Smolarek Leszek 
Published: August 2010

Dimensioning the Navigational Safety in Maritime Transport
In the paper some problems of quantitive description of traffic safety in maritime transport are presented. Basic definitions and a stochastic approach to concept of traffic safety in transport are given. The stochastic method of dimensioning traffic safety, useful in short-term traffic control, is proposed.
Reliability of Merchant Ship Used for Sar Action
Authors: Starosta Andrzej 
Published: August 2010

Reliability of Merchant Ship Used for Sar Action
Paper presents elements that should be taken into consideration by SMC during chosen merchant ship for help in SAR action. Bayesian network was used to construct model of merchant ship reliability in SAR action. Preliminary assessment of ship usability uses basic information about ship from AIS or similar system. Other information to enhanced model are obtain from master by radio or form safety databases. The paper present analyses which elements are the most important. The aim of research is construct application which will inform SMC which ship in the distress area is the best for SAR action.
Use of the Utility Tree Technique in Process of Treats Analysis for Information Security in Information and Communication Systems
Authors: Jóźwiak Ireneusz , Szleszyński Artur 
Published: August 2010

Use of the Utility Tree Technique in Process of Treats Analysis for Information Security in Information and Communication Systems
This paper describes a technique of utility tree, which can be used in process of risk analysis for information security in information and communication systems. The technique uses connections between vulnerabilities of a system's element, a frequency of an event incidence (which exploits the vulnerability) and its the importance of such events for information security. It also describes and evaluates the influence of an event on information and communication system. The technique uses a qualitative risks assessment, which makes it simple in use.
Effects of Improved Traffic Management on Sustainable Distributed Road Transportation Safety Based on Asian Experiences
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Szpytko Janusz 
Published: August 2010

Effects of Improved Traffic Management on Sustainable Distributed Road Transportation Safety Based on Asian Experiences
Knowledge of the improved traffic management and its effect on road safety is an important component in the process of sustainable road network development. Having in mind that so many road traffic casualties occur, a key priority in transport policy is making highways as safe as possible. The mentioned objective is attained by means of sustainable safety. The paper focuses on sustainable road safety and his principles, based on selected Asian countries experiences. The knowledge base covers institutional responsibility of road safety, the development of a road safety action plan, raising awareness and understanding of road safety problems, road crash data systems, road safety education and training, traffic safety legislation, enforcement of traffic laws and monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of road safety activities. In order to improve road transportation safety an organized sustainable approach is needed via concentrated action of all of participants in the process of realizing the transport service such as: governments at all levels, those who are professionally engaged in transport and traffic engineering and road users themselves.
Use of Analtic Hierarchy Process for Assessment of Transport System Operation Safety
Authors: Woropay Maciej , Bojar Piotr , Pająk Michał 
Published: August 2010

Use of Analtic Hierarchy Process for Assessment of Transport System Operation Safety
Transport systems are socio-technical systems in which accomplishment of a direct task is the responsibility of an executive subsystem made up of elementary subsystems of the type - technical object (operator - transport means) carrying out tasks within the system surroundings. Due to the presence of people in the transport system, the most significant criterion for the assessment of carried out rides is their safety. The safety level of carried out transport tasks is affected by threats posed by forcing factors which have an influence on the elementary executive system. These factors can be divided into:
- operational
- external
- antropotechnical
Due to the complex nature of the analyzed systems, the authors of the paper have made an attempt to evaluate the influence of these factors on the system operational safety.
Simulation Testings of Emergency Braking of the Mining Shaft Hoist
Authors: Wójcik Marian 
Published: August 2010

Simulation Testings of Emergency Braking of the Mining Shaft Hoist
For each mining shaft hoist braking devices shall be provided, which in the event of conveyance overwind the boundary positions, act upon conveyances with braking forces, independently on the brake mounted in a drive. The state, in which the conveyances overwind the boundary positions, is called the shaft hoist emergency braking state. It is the most dangerous emergency event occurring during the shaft hoist operation. Digital simulation of the hoist emergency braking state, carried out on the appropriate model, enables to assess kinematic and dynamic parameters of that process.
A thermodynamic description of the Ce–La–Mg system
Authors: Guo Cuiping , Du Zhenmin , Li Changrong 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The thermodynamic optimization of the Ce–La and Ce–La–Mg systems has been carried out using the CALPHAD technique. The solution phases (liquid, bcc, fcc, hcp and dhcp) were described with a substitutional solution model. The isostructural compounds MgCe in the Ce–Mg system and MgLa in the La–Mg system with B2 structure form a continuous range of solid solution in the Ce–La–Mg system. The order–disorder transition between the solutions with A2 structure and compounds with B2 structure in the system has been taken into account and thermodynamically modeled. The other isostructural compounds Mg12Ce and Mg12La, Mg17Ce2 and Mg17La2, Mg41Ce5 and Mg41La5, Mg3Ce and Mg3La, and Mg2Ce and Mg2La were described as such formula Mg12(Ce, La), Mg17(Ce, La)2, Mg41(Ce, La)5, Mg3(Ce, La, Mg), Mg2(Ce, La), respectively. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic description of the Ce–La–Mg system was obtained.