bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformative social marketing: co‐creating the social marketing discipline and brand
Authors: Lefebvre R. Craig 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the field of social marketing. The field needs to evaluate what works, and more importantly for it to prosper and remain relevant, it must discover and incorporate concepts and techniques from other disciplines that are aligned around core ideas of people‐centered and socially oriented.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews new insights and understandings from modern social marketing practice, social innovation, design thinking and service design, social media, transformative consumer research, marketing theory and advertising practice and develops a model for transforming social marketing thought, research and practice.FindingsA three dimensional model is presented that includes: scope – co‐creation, conversations, communities and markets; design – honoring people, radiating value, engaging service and enhancing experiences; value space – dignity, hope, love and trust.Originality/valueThe presentation weaves together a set of ideas from different disciplines that together strengthen the social marketing approach and provide a broader set of outcomes and perspectives that can be incorporated into work in this field.
Social marketing at the right place and right time with new media
Authors: Bernhardt Jay M. , Mays Darren , Hall Amanda K. 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to seek to discuss how the new media revolution can improve social marketing by bringing the “place” (one of four P's from the marketing mix) closer to the consumer.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes current new media trends related to social media and mobile communication technologies and discusses the implications of these technologies for social marketing by exploring examples of their use in commercial marketing, social change, and public health.FindingsThe rapid growth of online social networks and near ubiquity of mobile phones in much of the world offers social marketers enormous potential for engaging consumers in radically new ways. The nature of these new communication platforms differs from traditional media in important ways that can make them more effective for marketing, most notably the potential for deeper consumer engagement, multi‐directional information exchange, and location‐based tracking and messaging.Practical implicationsThe trends described in this paper are rapidly and fundamentally changing how commercial marketers, brand managers, and consumer relationship managers engage with the current and prospective consumers. Social Marketing should learn from these changes and leverage these new media to engage large numbers of consumers more deeply and closer to the “right place and right time” than they ever could before.Originality/valueThis paper explores a topic that has been introduced at the Global Non‐Profit and Social Marketing Conference in Dublin, Ireland in April 2011. The discussion should encourage social marketers to reconsider the role of “place” and explore how new media can bring place closer to consumers.
Critical social marketing: investigating alcohol marketing in the developing world
Authors: Farrell Tom , Gordon Ross 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe World Health Organization (WHO) has expressed concern regarding alcohol consumption and related harms in developing nations. Concomitantly a growing evidence base suggests that alcohol marketing influences drinking behaviours. The purpose of this paper is to explore how critical social marketing can help assess the nature of alcohol marketing, and the effectiveness of its regulation, in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 14 alcohol marketing campaigns from India, Malawi, Malaysia, Nigeria, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand are assessed against the regulatory codes governing alcohol marketing in the UK.FindingsThe study found that alcohol marketing often contravened the UK regulatory codes. Critical social marketing offers a framework for research and analysis to assess the nature and impact of alcohol marketing, and to address alcohol related harms in developing countries.Research limitations/implicationsThis exploratory study is limited to a small convenience sample. Future research to systematically audit alcohol marketing, and consumer studies to assess its impact on drinking behaviours in developing nations would be welcomed.Practical implicationsFindings suggest that initiatives to monitor and effectively regulate alcohol marketing in developing nations should be explored by policymakers. The competitive analysis and insight generated by studies of this nature can aid development agencies in the design and implementation of alcohol social marketing interventions. The global alcohol industry and marketers should also be encouraged to act more socially responsible.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into how the critical social marketing framework can be applied in practice, to inform social marketing activity in the upstream and downstream environment.
Tailoring performance management systems: a sports merchandiser's case
Authors: Carenys Jordi , Sales Xavier 
Published: June 2012

PurposeAs sport gradually becomes a full‐scale business, a debate about the applicability and appropriateness of measures of performance has emerged. The purpose of this research is to analyse how the special features of sport businesses influence the performance management system of a sports merchandiser.Design/methodology/approachThe research work examines a case study of a sports retailer that manages the merchandising and image rights of a major European football club. It was conducted using Otley's performance management framework.FindingsIt was found that organization objectives were clearly known by all managers at all levels, despite not articulated in explicit statements, but conveyed in less formal ways. The main finding is to explain how a performance management system can be structured to effectively respond to the sports setting in which the company operates: constant meetings, shared values, information exchange and fast response to events substituted planning and forecasting.Research limitations/implicationsThe nature of the case study research method limits the generalizability of findings. Research in performance measures must have a holistic approach.Practical implicationsManagers can use this comprehensive framework to analyse the consistency of their performance measurement systems and to identify opportunities for improvement. Also, understanding how this organization was successful in communicating objectives and values can be of help.Originality/valueThe paper analyses a performance management system within the special features of sport‐related businesses.
Sport sponsorship decision making in a global market
Authors: Lee Seungbum , Ross Stephen D. 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the decision making factors of sport sponsorship in the global market context using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).Design/methodology/approachTo facilitate AHP hierarchy construction, three criteria level factors and a total of 13 sub‐criteria level factors were identified though literature review, expert panel review and pilot test. A total of 410 email accounts from global corporate sponsors were contacted three times to request on‐line survey participation.FindingsAHP local weights showed that sport team factors were far more important decision making factors than the country factors and environment factors. AHP global weights showed that media exposure opportunity was the most influential factor followed by sponsorship fit, team image and fan base strength.Originality/valueThis study, the first to utilize AHP in sport sponsorship literature, examined sport sponsorship in the global market context by contacting corporate sponsors.
Scandal+football=a better share price
Authors: Mazanov Jason , Lo Tenero Gabriele , Connor James , Sharpe Keiran 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of scandal on investor valuation of sport by examining changes in share prices of three football clubs involved in the 2006 Italian “Calciopoli” scandal.Design/methodology/approachShare price variation and volatility across 2006 is analysed for Juventus (the centre of the scandal), Lazio (also involved) and Roma (uninvolved) over different (qualitatively defined) phases of the scandal. Movements in share price are compared to three benchmark indices – FTSE MIB, DJ Stoxx Europe 600, and DJ Stoxx Europe Football – indexed from 2 Jan 2006. Unadjusted analysis of share price movement matched with events to inform the likely causes of variation.FindingsDespite speculation and high volatility, the share price of all three clubs increased by 30 per cent in 2006, outperforming benchmark indices (15 per cent). This suggests the Calciopoli scandal increased the perceived value of the clubs.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralisation of these findings requires more sophisticated statistical and econometric analysis of the Calciopoli scandal, and application of the method to other instances of scandals in sport.Practical implicationsIntuitively, scandals in sport have a negative impact. This paper suggests that scandal could have a positive impact on a club's share price and therefore the overall financial value of sport.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of literature on the economic consequences of scandals in sport. This paper contributes to the development of that literature and investigates some economic consequences of a particular scandal in Italian football.
Content analysis of sport ticket sales job announcements
Authors: Pierce David , Petersen Jeffrey , Clavio Galen , Meadows Bradley 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the current state of job announcements relating to sport ticket sales and service positions in the USA.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis methodology was utilized to examine 733 sport sales job announcements from two subscription‐based sport job websites posted over a six month time period.FindingsSport sales jobs were geographically clustered with over half of the positions within only eight states, led by California (12.7 percent), New York (9.3 percent), Texas (7.2 percent), and Florida (7.2 percent). The majority of organizations posting jobs were specific teams or integrated sport/entertainment companies owning specific teams (76 percent), followed by media firms (11 percent), outsourced sales firms (6 percent), and sporting goods companies (6 percent). Of the 12 major job types, inside sales positions were the most common (32.3 percent) followed by sponsorship sales (13 percent) and media advertising (12 percent). Logistic regression revealed that directors and non‐entry level hires were more likely to supervise other salespeople and utilize consultative sales techniques, while a strong work ethic and cold calling was sought from entry‐level personnel.Practical implicationsSport sales hiring managers and sport management academicians can utilize survey results in preparing education and training programs for entry‐level sport salespeople, including the use of experiential learning and sport sales combined.Originality/valueAs the first study to empirically examine the nature of sport sales positions, it provides academicians and future sport management and sales employees with the elements of sport‐related sales most prized within the sport industry.
Short‐line railroad management system for bridge prioritization
Authors: Guyer Robert C. , Laman Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2012

PurposeLimited funding to maintain and preserve short‐line railroad (SLRR) bridge infrastructure requires that important priority decisions be made on an annual basis. The compartmentalized, dispersed, and diverse nature of many SLRR owners and operators is such that there is a need for a coordinated and centralized effort to evaluate the state‐wide system as a whole, to ensure the most effective overall resource allocation and also identify assets that either outperform predictions or consume disproportionate levels of resources for maintenance and operation, allowing for review of design and construction practices. The purpose of this paper is to examine the state of the art for railroad bridge population management and resource allocation decisions and to develop a state‐wide SLRR bridge prioritization methodology, to be used as a tool by a state agency to assist in allocating limited public funding for bridge maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement activities.Design/methodology/approachA literature review examining the state of the art of railroad bridge population management and resource allocation decisions was conducted, which provided the foundation for the development of a bridge prioritization algorithm. A state‐wide survey was conducted to develop a bridge database. A detailed evaluation of a statistically significant sample of bridges was conducted, to determine the structural and maintenance needs and preservation status of sub‐populations. The research team developed methodologies, applicable to the entire population, to develop a ranking of bridge preservation candidates.FindingsA risk‐based prioritization algorithm is proposed to assign a relative risk score to each bridge in the population. The algorithm provides a management tool for making more effective maintenance and preservation decisions. Additionally, the bridge database allows managers to examine sub‐populations according to structural parameters to evaluate performance.Originality/valueThe revisable, modular framework of the prioritization algorithm provides a simple, effective and versatile tool for asset management and evaluation. The present proposal of this new prioritization methodology for SLRR bridges is a valuable tool for agencies faced with making rational decisions with limited information. Such a methodology does not currently exist in the literature and is of significant interest to short‐line owners/operators and state transportation agencies.
Energy performance and public private partnership
Authors: Bougrain Frédéric 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of public‐private partnership (PPP) and the ability of private consortia and public authorities to together develop solutions that reduce building energy consumptions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the performance of PPP projects based on criteria such as respect for timely delivery and costs, innovation, service quality and life cycle costing; then a case study focusing on energy saving performance contract (ESPC) is expounded.FindingsThe research indicates that PPP performs well on issues such as respect of timetable and contracted prices but does not establish that PPP promotes innovation, quality of service delivery and life cycle costing. It also appears that energy issues are gradually integrated in contracts in progress under the influence of thermal regulations. Among PPP projects, ESPC focuses on energy savings measures. Their success mainly requires that public authorities have a good knowledge of the status, occupation level and energy consumptions of their buildings. Information disclosure in the contract also reduces uncertainty and creates trust among partners.Practical implicationsThe research should raise the awareness of public authorities on imperatives to have a good knowledge of the status, occupation level and energy consumptions of their buildings.Originality/valueMost PPPs have been evaluated at the design and construction stages. Evaluations of PPPs in operation are less frequent. Examining the first ESPC in operation in France is an original contribution that opens doors for further empirical investigations in this field.
Ghana's public procurement reform and the continuous use of the traditional procurement system
Authors: Ren Z. , Kwaw P. , Yang F. 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of the traditional procurement approach (TPA) under Ghana's procurement reform and explore if other possible procurement strategies could help to improve value for money in the Ghanaian public sectors. The fundamental questions to be addressed are: “Is the procurement reform addressing the deficiencies in the public sector procurement?”; “Are clients and professionals satisfied with the present procurement system?”; “What are the possible alternatives?”; and “What procurement selection criteria should be adopted?”.Design/methodology/approachTo answer the above questions, an extensive literature review was conducted which provides the background to public procurement reform and reveals the status of the TPA in the public sector. Based on the outcomes of the literature review, three rounds of questionnaire surveys and face‐to‐face discussions were undertaken. The targeted population was carefully selected from different sectors of the industry and regions of the country.FindingsThe results of the study reveal the deficiencies in contractors’ performance arising from the use of TPA with a focus on time, budget, buildability and relationships among participants. It also ranks the criteria for procurement selection and suggests the D & B method as the most favourable alternative procurement strategy. Suggestions were made in the area of tendering processes, collaborative working, contractors’ competence, government's work efficiency, and whole‐life performance criteria.Practical implicationsThis study evaluates the TPA performance after Ghana's procurement reform in 2003 and provides guidelines to the industry and government for further procurement reform aimed at improving value for money.Originality/valueThis research provides a systematic study on the public procurement reform and the TPA adopted in Ghana's public sector. The essential problems associated with the TPA in the industry are identified and analyzed, the procurement selection criteria are examined and an alternative procurement approach is postulated.
Factors influencing the equity share of build‐operate‐transfer projects
Authors: De Marco Alberto , Mangano Giulio , Zou Xin‐Yu 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the fundamental factors influencing the equity share in build‐operate‐transfer (BOT) investments in relation to the project risk profile.Design/methodology/approachThe relationships between risk factors and equity participation into the capital structure of a BOT contract are examined using regression analysis of a dataset of toll road projects.FindingsResults suggest that the inflation rate, the size of the investment, the construction period, the solidity of the vehicle company, and the organizational structure of the project are significant variables of the equity portion of financing.Practical implicationsThe analysis may support project promoters by providing better understanding of the factors that might facilitate high debt leverages and by providing lending institutions with valuable information to integrate the method of determining the appropriate debt resources to be injected into a BOT project.Originality/valueThe paper contributes towards growing the body of knowledge regarding the way public‐private partnership initiatives are carried over and helps refine the capital structures of BOT projects.
Satisfaction assessment in construction projects: a conceptual framework
Authors: Nzekwe‐Excel Chinny 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of a system that would facilitate collaboration of different participants or groups in construction project teams, so as to improve productivity and success as well as minimize dissatisfaction in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachIn order to explore the satisfaction relationship between participants of the construction project team and the importance associated with the team's satisfaction attributes, this study develops a framework that logically integrates the different clients and participants, and captures the importance associated with satisfying every participant represented in the project team.FindingsThe framework specifically provides a platform for evaluating satisfaction by carefully considering a number of vital issues: clients/project participants that make up a given construction project, attributes of satisfaction, level of importance given to the attributes, and pre‐ and post‐assessment of participants, in relation to how much they meet the defined satisfaction attributes.Originality/valueThe framework provides a sound and systematic foundation for developing and linking the concepts of satisfaction, satisfaction attributes and satisfaction assessment, with an aim of determining the extent by which the team members meet one another's satisfaction attributes when being assessed.
The Essen Climate Evaluation Schema measure of social climate in a secure service for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Quinn Marian , Thomas Cathy , Chester Verity 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to explore the psychometric properties of the EssenCES measure (patient report) of social climate in a secure service for people with intellectual disabilities.Design/methodology/approachPatients (37 men, 14 women, Mean age=33.24 years, SD=11.29, age range: 18‐71 years) residing in a secure intellectual disabilities service completed the EssenCES as part of routine clinical practice.FindingsReliability analysis revealed acceptable reliability for all three subscales (α=0.76‐0.88). In order to consider one aspect of the construct validity of this measure, a predicted group difference regarding the impact of security level on ratings of social climate was investigated. Analysis revealed that social climate ratings were more positive on low secure wards than medium secure wards as measured by the combined EssenCES subscales F(3, 31)=4.71, p=0.008; Λ=0.69; η2=0.31, and the Experienced Safety subscale, F(1, 33)=7.41, p=0.01.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should consider the link between social climate and treatment outcome within forensic secure intellectual disability services.Originality/valueResults provide preliminary evidence to suggest that the EssenCES subscales (patient report) are reliable in this previously unconsidered population. However the validity of the measure is still unclear and requires further investigation.
The cultural context of care‐giving: qualitative accounts from South Asian parents who care for a child with intellectual disabilities in the UK
Authors: Heer Kuljit , Larkin Michael , Burchess Ivan , Rose John 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThis study aims to explore the cultural context of care‐giving amongst South Asian communities caring for a child with intellectual disabilities in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approachIn the context of the United Kingdom's Children's Intellectual Disability Services, the study set out to develop a culturally sensitive account of Sikh and Muslim parents' experiences of caring for a child with intellectual disabilities. Focus groups were conducted with parents from Sikh and Muslim support groups who were all accessing intellectual disability services for their children. Transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, a qualitative technique.FindingsThree master themes emerged from the analysis which were: Making sense of the disability; Feeling let down by services and Looking to the future. These themes reinforce findings from previous research particularly in relation to difficulties when making sense of the disabilities and difficult interactions with services.Practical implicationsThe study makes recommendations for service delivery to ethnic minority groups including being aware of intra‐group variations in the interpretations and responses of South Asian parents.Originality/valueUltimately, the study makes recommendations for developing culturally sensitive support and interventions for ethnic minority groups which is important given the increase in multi‐ethnic populations in the UK.