bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ox‐LDL‐induced LOX‐1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells: role of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Sun Yiyi , Chen Xiuping 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOxidized low density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) and lectin‐like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. This study was designed to investigate the expression regulation of LOX‐1 by ox‐LDL and the potential underlying mechanisms in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VSMCs were treated with ox‐LDL, and the expressions of LOX‐1 mRNA and proteins were determined by RT‐PCR and western blotting, respectively. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was monitored by flow cytometry with fluorescence probe, DCFH2‐DA. The effect of several inhibitors including aspirin, NDGA, allopurinol, apocynin, and rotenone on ox‐LDL‐induced ROS formation and LOX‐1 expression was also investigated. The roles of NF‐κB p65 and JNK were explored. Ox‐LDL significantly induced LOX‐1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. Aspirin, NDGA, and preconditioned apocynin suppressed ox‐LDL‐induced intracellular ROS production and LOX‐1 expression, while allopurinol and rotenone failed to do so. Vitamin C and N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine demonstrated similar effect. Furthermore, both NF‐κB p65 expression and phosphorylated JNK (p‐JNK) to JNK expression ratio were elevated after ox‐LDL treatment. In addition, the NF‐κB inhibitor PDTC and JNK inhibitor SP600125 pretreatment partly abolished ox‐LDL‐induced LOX‐1 expression. These findings suggested that ROS mediated ox‐LDL‐induced LOX‐1 expression in VSMCs through NF‐κB and JNK signaling pathways.
Hepatic and renal toxicities of indomethacin acid, salt form and complexed forms with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin on Wistar rats after oral administration
Authors: Ribeiro‐Rama Ana Cristina , Figueiredo Isabel Vitória , Veiga Francisco José , Castel‐Branco Maria Margarida , Cabrita António M. Silvério , Caramona Maria Margarida 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIndomethacin (IM), a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, has the capacity to induce hepatic and renal injuries when administrated systemically. The aim of this study is to assess the IM absorption from complexed forms when orally administered to rats, by means of a comparative evaluation of its capacity to induce hepatic and renal injury in different forms, namely IM acid, IM sodium salt or IM complexed with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD), using freeze‐ and spray‐drying methods.A total of 135 Wistar rats weighing 224.4 ± 62.5 g were put into 10 groups. They were allowed free access to water but were maintained on fast for 18 h before the first administration until the end of the experiment. Water and HP‐β‐CD (control groups) and IM acid form, IM trihydrated‐sodium‐salt and IM‐HP‐β‐CD spray‐ and freeze‐dried, at normal and toxic doses (test groups), were orally administered once/day for 3 days. Seventy‐two hours after the first administration, the animals were sacrificed and a fragment of the liver and one kidney were collected and prepared for histopathological evaluation. Lesion indexes (rated 0/4 for liver and 0/3 for kidney) were developed and the type of injury scored according to the severity of damage. A statistical analysis of the severity and incidence of lesions was carried out.Animals administered with IM complexed forms showed similar hepatic and renal lesions, both in toxic and therapeutic doses, when compared with those observed in animals administered with IM acid or salt forms. This suggests that under the present experimental conditions, IM is equally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, independently of the administered IM form.
Oral antiplatelet agents in ACS: from pharmacology to clinical differences
Authors: Agewall S. , Badimon L. , Drouet L. , Eschenhagen T. , Husted S. , Simon T. , Steg G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAntiplatelet agents play an essential role in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Numerous clinical trials have established the value of antiplatelet therapies for ACS. Aspirin (ASA), thienopyridines and GP IIb/IIIa antagonists comprise the major classes of antiplatelet therapies demonstrated to be of benefit in the treatment of ACS. Thienopyridines are a class of drugs that function via inhibition of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P2Y12 platelet receptors. Currently, clopidogrel, a second generation thienopyridine, is the main drug of choice and the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel is administered orally for the treatment of ACS. Recently, a third generation of thienopyridines has been introduced represented by prasugrel that has demonstrated promising results in ACS patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A number of nonthienopyridine oral antiplatelet drugs are under development, and one of them, ticagrelor has already been tested in a major phase III clinical trial, PLATO, with the inclusion of a broad spectrum of patients with ACS. The present review aims to discuss the present knowledge about the safety and efficacy of oral antiplatelet treatment of patients with ACS.
Some highlights of research on aging with invertebrates, 2010
Authors: Partridge Linda 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThis annual review focuses on invertebrate model organisms, which continue to yield fundamental new insights into mechanisms of aging. This year, the budding yeast has been used to understand how asymmetrical partitioning of cellular constituents at cell division can produce a rejuvenated offspring from an aging parent. Blocking of sensation of carbon dioxide is shown to extend fly lifespan and to mediate the lifespan‐shortening effect of sensory exposure to fermenting yeast. A new study of daf‐16, the key forkhead transcription factor that mediates extension of lifespan by mutants in the insulin‐signalling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans, demonstrates that expression of tissue‐specific isoforms with different patterns of response to upstream signalling mediates the highly pleiotropic effects of the pathway on lifespan and other traits. A new approach to manipulating mitochondrial activity in Drosophila, by introducing the yeast NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase, shows promise for understanding the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in aging. An exciting new study of yeast and mammalian cells implicates deterioration of the nuclear pore, and consequent leakage of cytoplasmic components into the nucleus, as an important cause of aging in postmitotic tissues. Loss of, or damage to, chromosome‐associated histones is also implicated in the determination of lifespan in yeast, worms and fruit flies. The relationship between functional aging, susceptibility to aging‐related disease and lifespan itself are explored in two studies in C. elegans, the first examining the role of dietary restriction and reduced insulin signalling in cognitive decline and the second profiling aggregation of the proteome during aging. The invertebrates continue to be a power house of discovery for future work in mammals.
Greater Occipital Nerve Neuralgia Caused by Pathological Arterial Contact: Treatment by Surgical Decompression
Authors: Cornely Christiane , Fischer Marius , Ingianni Giulio , Isenmann Stefan 
Published: November 2010

(Headache 2011;51:609‐616)Occipital nerve neuralgia is a rare cause of severe headache, and may be difficult to treat. We report the case of a patient with occipital nerve neuralgia caused by pathological contact of the nerve with the occipital artery. The pain was refractory to medical treatment. Surgical decompression yielded complete remission.
Increasing the Impact of Heterodox Work: Insights fromRoSE
Authors: Starr Martha A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo help understand what enhances the prospects for heterodox work to have strong research impact, this article analyzes the pool of articles published in theReview of Social Economyin the past 15 years, aiming to identify what differentiates well‐cited articles from others. Well‐cited papers tend to be in areas of core concern in social economics (labor, health, social theory) and attract attention in related social sciences and policy fields. Yet about half the articles published inRoSEare not cited in another scholarly journal within three years of publication, suggesting that, as well done and interesting as these papers may be, problems like narrow focus seem to limit their influence on other people's work. The article's results suggest that increasing the impact of heterodox work requires articles to be interesting and accessible to intentionally broad audiences, and to prompt people to change their thinking. Better still if they open up channels of communication between diverse communities of scholars that are likely to be sustained.
Pluralism at Risk? Heterodox Economic Approaches and the Evaluation of Economic Research in Italy
Authors: Corsi Marcella , D'Ippoliti Carlo , Lucidi Federico 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe analyze Italy's recent research evaluation exercise (VTR) as a salient example in discussing some internationally relevant issues emerging from the evaluation of research in economics. We claim that evaluation and its criteria, together with its linkage to research institutions' financing, are likely to affect the direction of research in a problematic way. As the Italian case documents, it is specifically economists who adopt unorthodox paradigms or pursue less diffused topics of research that should be concerned about research evaluation and its criteria. After outlining the recent practice of economic research in Italy and highlighting the relevant scope for pluralism that traditionally characterizes it, we analyze the publications submitted for evaluation to the VTR. By comparing these publications to all the entries in the EconLit database authored by economists located in Italy, we find a risk that the adopted ranking criteria may lead to disregarding historical methods in favor of quantitative and econometric methods, and heterodox schools in favor of mainstream approaches. Finally, by summarizing the current debate in Italy, we claim that evaluation should not be refused by heterodox economists, but rather that a reflection on the criteria of evaluation should be put forward at an international level in order to establish fair competition among research paradigms, thus, preserving pluralism in the discipline.
Research Evaluation Down Under: An Outsider's View from the Inside of the Australian Approach
Authors: Bloch Harry 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAustralia is currently undertaking its first national evaluation of university research, which is being performed by the Australian Research Council (ARC) at the request of the Australian government. The Australian approach to evaluation has some unique characteristics, especially a focus on evaluating research quantity and quality by the field of the research activity rather than by individual academic or administrative unit. This raises issues of the classification of areas of research, which has already caused controversy for Australian heterodox economists. There is also controversy about the quality rankings of economics journals. This article provides a critical review of the Australian approach to research evaluation and discusses the implications for heterodox economists.
Heterodox Economics and the Scientist's Role in Society
Authors: Novarese Marco , Pozzali Andrea 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe present work starts from a simple question: Why should a state pay the salary for an academic researcher in economics? Generally speaking, research should be financed because it is useful for socioeconomic development; knowledge represents a productive input and it increases social welfare. How much does this argument hold for economic knowledge? Is economics helping in improving wealth and well‐being? This article will show how the incentive structure and the internal organization of the discipline prevent a positive answer to such questions. In fact these institutions do not necessarily stimulate researchers to understand economies, and economics completely neglects its role in shaping values because of its pretense of objectivity. Two solutions are proposed: more pluralism and a wider capacity to discuss with the whole society.
The Efficacy of Systemic Therapy With Adult Patients: A Meta‐Content Analysis of 38 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Von SYDOW KIRSTEN , BEHER STEFAN , SCHWEITZER JOCHEN , RETZLAFF RUDIGER 
Published: November 2010

All abstracts are available in Spanish and Mandarin Chinese on Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1545‐5300). Please pass this information on to your international colleagues and students.Systemic therapy is a widely used psychotherapy approach. Yet there exist few systematic reviews on its efficacy. A meta‐content analysis was performed to analyze the efficacy of systemic therapy for the treatment of mental disorders in adulthood. All randomized (or matched) controlled trials (RCT) evaluating systemic/systems oriented therapy in various settings (family, couple, individual, group, multifamily group therapy) with adult index patients suffering from mental disorders were identified by database searches and cross‐references in other reviews. Inclusion criteria were: index patient diagnosed with a DSM or ICD listed mental disorder, trial published in any language up to the end of 2008. The RCTs were content analyzed according to their research methodology, interventions applied, and results. Thirty‐eight trials published in English, German, Spanish, and Chinese were identified, 34 of them showing systemic therapy to be efficacious for the treatment of mood disorders, eating disorders, substance use disorders, mental and social factors related to medical conditions and physical disorders, and schizophrenia. Systemic therapy may also be efficacious for anxiety disorders. Results were stable across follow‐up periods of up to 5 years. There is a sound evidence‐base for the efficacy of systemic therapy for adult index patients with mental disorders in at least five diagnostic groups.
Disarming Jealousy in Couples Relationships: A Multidimensional Approach
Authors: SCHEINKMAN MICHELE , WERNECK DENISE 
Published: November 2010

To read this article in Spanish, please see this article's Supporting Information on Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1545‐5300). Please pass this information on to your international colleagues and students.Jealousy is a powerful emotional force in couples' relationships. In just seconds it can turn love into rage and tenderness into acts of control, intimidation, and even suicide or murder. Yet it has been surprisingly neglected in the couples therapy field. In this paper we define jealousy broadly as a hub of contradictory feelings, thoughts, beliefs, actions, and reactions, and consider how it can range from a normative predicament to extreme obsessive manifestations. We ground jealousy in couples' basic relational tasks and utilize the construct of the vulnerability cycle to describe processes of derailment. We offer guidelines on how to contain the couple's escalation, disarm their ineffective strategies and power struggles, identify underlying vulnerabilities and yearnings, and distinguish meanings that belong to the present from those that belong to the past, or to other contexts. The goal is to facilitate relational and personal changes that can yield a better fit between the partners' expectations.
Adolescents of the USA National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study: Can Family Characteristics Counteract the Negative Effects of Stigmatization?
Authors: BOS HENNY , GARTRELL NANETTE 
Published: November 2010

All abstracts are available in Spanish and Mandarin Chinese on Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1545‐5300). Please pass this information on to your international colleagues and students.This investigation examines the impact of homophobic stigmatization on the well‐being of 17‐year‐old adolescents who were conceived through donor insemination and whose mothers enrolled before they were born in the largest, longest‐running, prospective study of lesbian families, with a 93% retention rate to date. The data for the current report were collected through questionnaires completed by the adolescents and their mothers. The adolescents (39 girls and 39 boys) were queried about family connection and compatibility. They were also asked to indicate if they had experienced discrimination based on their mothers' sexual orientation. Adolescent well‐being was assessed through the parental report of the Child Behavior Checklist/6–18. Forty‐one percent of the adolescents had experienced stigmatization based on homophobia. Hierarchical, multiple‐regression analyses revealed that stigmatization was associated with more problem behavior in these adolescents, but that family compatibility neutralized this negative influence. The results indicate that adolescents who have close, positive relationships with their lesbian mothers demonstrate resilience in response to stigmatization.
Bulgaria at the Cross‐Roads of Post‐socialism and EU Membership: Generational Dimensions to European Integration
Authors: Ilieva Polya 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSocialist ideology in Eastern Europe strived to remodel all aspects of social life and to provide a framework for political, economic, and moral authority. For twenty years after the fall of socialism in 1989, Eastern Europeans have been entangled in dynamic transitions from socialism to democracy, from nationalized to privatized economies, and from ‘thinking local’ to ‘thinking global.’ Now, they are struggling with a new set of transformations: becoming part of the European project for politico‐economic and socio‐cultural integration. This multifarious process affects people in different ways according to their age, economic status and gender, among other factors. This paper investigates how age affects the experiences and conceptualizations of European integration of citizens in one post‐socialist EU member‐state—Bulgaria. It attempts to reveal differences in ideological motivations, degree of intensity and nuances in experiencing, conceptualizing, and engaging with the European Union. Exploration of these various experiences and conceptualizations suggests the existence of significant conceptual and metaphoric discrepancies between the pre‐and post‐1980s generations and within the youth generation of the 1980s itself. Both disappointment with the failure of the Soviet model of social engineering and nostalgia for the socialist past inform anticipation of the effects of and reaction to European integration. However they do not capture or explain new ways of reconstructing the past or emerging narratives of the present and the future, influenced by the differential access to a range of new economic opportunities, social realities, and domains of knowledge enabled by European integration.
Session 2: Pioneering the Path: ARMIN MOEHRLE, Curator: Becoming the Subject: A Comparison of Ethnographic and Autoethnographic Data for New Product Development
Authors: SOLOMON KEREN 
Published: November 2010

As companies become more interested in innovation, design, and the creation of experiences, they are increasingly utilizing ethnography as a way to understand their customers and potential customers. However, for most companies ethnography is still conducted in the classical sense, with researchers observing and talking to participants in order to draw out insights about the “other.” Few consider the use of autoethnography, that is, having people deeply and rigorously study themselves in order to produce a richer description of the problem space and of how new products might potentially solve those problems.This paper draws on two research projects conducted by the author, compares the data collection methods and research results obtained with both approaches, and suggests some ways in which using an autoethnographic approach could lead to more insightful research results. It also raises questions about how we as researchers can increase our understanding of and respect for what it really means to be a research subject.
Prenatal alcohol exposure – a systematic review of the effects on child motor function
Authors: BAY BJØRN , KESMODEL ULRIK SCHIØLER 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Objective. To systematically review the available evidence on the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on motor function in humans. Design. Systematic review. Population. Pregnant women and their offspring. Methods. The search strategy included Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and Scopus. The authors read titles and abstracts, and the articles that met the predefined criteria for inclusion were obtained and the full text read. The articles were assessed for quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Main outcome measures. Motor function measured on standardized or validated tests. Results. The search resulted in 311 titles and abstracts, of which 39 were found relevant for inclusion. The findings of this review suggest a negative effect when the maternal consumption exceeded a certain level. Of all studies reporting a maternal intake of more than four drinks/day, only one study showed no effect on motor function, and of all studies reporting intake levels of less than 10 drinks/week, only one study showed deficit on the children's motor function. Conclusions. While it appears consistent that high daily alcohol intake is associated with deficits in gross and fine motor function, and low weekly intake is not associated with such deficits, the issue of binge drinking is unsettled.
Relations between fetal brain‐sparing circulation, oxytocin challenge test, mode of delivery and fetal outcome in growth‐restricted term fetuses
Authors: FU JING , OLOFSSON PER 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Objective. The study was designed as a prospective non‐interventional, observational study to elucidate the potential value of fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler velocimetry to identify brain‐sparing flow in a surveillance program for suspected intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Material and methods. The study was carried out at Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. One hundred and twenty‐six single pregnancies suspected of IUGR at ≥36 gestational weeks were assessed. The main outcome measures were positive/negative oxytocin challenge test (OCT) and cesarean/vaginal delivery. The pregnancies were managed with ultrasound fetometry, uterine and umbilical artery Doppler flow velocimetry, nonstress test, and an OCT to decide the optimal time and mode of delivery. Cases with a positive OCT were promptly delivered by cesarean section, whereas negative cases were allowed a trial of labor. Middle cerebral artery Doppler flow velocimetry results were blinded to the managing obstetricians. Brain‐sparing flow was defined as a middle cerebral artery‐to‐umbilical artery pulsatility index ratio of <1.08. Nonparametric statistics with significance set at p < 0.05 were used, and Cohen's kappa coefficient was calculated for congruence of brain‐sparing flow with OCT and mode of delivery, respectively. Results. The positive predictive value and sensitivity figures of brain‐sparing flow to indicate a positive OCT and cesarean delivery were 33–63%. The inter‐rater reliability of brain‐sparing flow vs. positive OCT showed a kappa coefficient of 0.19, and brain‐sparing flow vs. cesarean section among OCT‐negative cases a kappa coefficient of 0.23. Conclusion. Fetal brain‐sparing flow is a poor predictor of a positive OCT, and of cesarean section in OCT‐negative cases.