bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Sport Tourism in the Hungarian Population: Current Trends and Perspectives
Authors: Dóczi Tamás 
Published: January 2010

Active Sport Tourism in the Hungarian Population: Current Trends and PerspectivesIn the past few decades, sport and tourism, two significant industries, have gone through a phase of rapid development. The relationship between the two fields is becoming more and more recognized by economic actors, policymakers and social scientists as well; nevertheless, there is a question of how widespread active sport tourism is in the different social groups of Hungarian society, and what the perspectives of sport tourism are as a leisure time activity in the future. The objective of the current paper is to answer these questions, based on survey research conducted in a representative sample (n=1027) of the Hungarian adult population. In the first phase of data analysis, the author focused on the following two questions: (1) What percentage of the population is engaged in doing regular physical exercise, and travelling during their holidays? (2) Is there a relationship between doing exercise and travelling? Based on the two dimensions (physical exercise and travelling) four groups could be separated, the in-depth analysis of the groups was carried out in the second phase of the data analysis. During this phase, the following questions were in focus: (1) How can the four groups be characterized concerning their socio-economic status? (2) What leisure activities are characteristic of them? (3) What can be said about the social networks of the members of these groups? (4) How can we characterize their attitudes to healthy lifestyle, and within this, sport? According to the results, the social basis of active sport tourism is not very wide. The majority of the Hungarian population is hindered by worsening living standards and worsening health levels, and by the lack of adequate knowledge about active sport tourism and the positive impact of it on the quality of life. A further problem is that although many people are familiar with the influence of lifestyle on health, and recognize the benefits of exercise in theory, in reality few people are involved in sporting activities, and for many, doing exercise is not a source of pleasure. That is why it is important that the messages referring to the positive impact of regular physical exercise reach the different social groups. In these messages, besides the often stressed health-preserving role, social and recreational aspects of sport as a leisure time activity should also be emphasized.
Brief Historical Ecology of Northern Portugal during the Holocene
Authors: Pinto Bruno , Aguar Carlos , Partidário Maria 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This study reviews the main changes of the vegetation and fauna in northern Portugal during the Holocene, using literature from palaeoecology, archaeology, history, writings from travellers and naturalists, maps of agriculture and forestry and expert consultation. The ecological history of this area shows a trend of forestry decline, with periods of recovery of the vegetation related to the decrease of human pressure on natural resources. The deforestation began on the high plateaus of this region, extending later to the heavier and more productive soils of the valleys. In the beginning of the Holocene, the climate seems to have been the most important trigger of change in this area, but human impact probably became preponderant in the last 5000 years. The natural herbivorous fauna was probably reduced, with the extinction of species such as wild horse, aurochs and European beaver, and partially replaced by human action. Nevertheless, the high resilience of ecosystems has enabled their sustainability for eight millennia and has also allowed the recovery of the vegetation and fauna in the recent decades.
Motives for Introducing Species: Palestine's Carp as a Case Study
Authors: Tamir Dan 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Species introductions might lead to biological invasions, which in turn pose a serious threat to global biodiversity. There is a good deal of research about the ecological and physiological aspects of introductions and invasions, but there has been relatively little research into the socio-cultural and economic motives which initiate such species' introduction. One common assumption relates introductions to ethnic cultural traditions, while another assumption connects them to economic reasons. Taking the introduction of the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) to Palestine's freshwaters in the 1930s, this article examines the contribution of such socio-cultural and economic motives to the process while suggesting a third motive, an ideological one. The article concludes by assessing the ways these three motives may still be intertwined in introduction processes in the modern era.
Book Reviews
Authors: Carruthers Jane , Jacobs Nancy , Satya Laxman D. , Brennan Claire 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
John Kricher, The Balance of Nature: Ecology's Enduring Myth (JANE CARRUTHERS)
Patrick Harries, Butterflies and Barbarians: Swiss Missionaries and Systems of Knowledge in South-East Africa (NANCY JACOBS)
S. Abdul Thaha, Forest Policy and Ecological Change: Hyderabad State in Colonial India (LAXMAN D. SATYA)
Kirstie Ross, Going Bush: New Zealanders and Nature in the Twentieth Century, and Melissa Harper, The Ways of the Bushwalker: On Foot in Australia (CLAIRE BRENNAN)
The Minimally Important Difference in Clinical Practice for Patient-centered Outcomes Including Health Assessment Questionnaire, Fatigue, Pain, Sleep, Global Visual Analog Scale, and SF-36 in Scleroderma
Authors: SEKHON SUNEET , POPE JANET ,   Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, BARON MURRAY 
Published: January 2010

Objective.We studied a large clinical practice and multicenter database to estimate the minimally important difference (MID) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) using global rating of change anchors for the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and visual analog scale (VAS) in pain, fatigue, sleep, global status, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) in clinical practice.Methods.Longitudinal data were collected from a scleroderma clinic on patients with scleroderma (n = 109) who had completed the HAQ-DI and pain/fatigue/sleep/global status VAS (0 to 100 mm) questionnaires at 2 consecutive visits, and rated their change in overall status since the last visit as much better, better, same, worse, or much worse. Data were extracted from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group (CSRG) database (n = 341) for 2 consecutive annual visits where the patients had completed HAQ-DI and SF-36, and the SF-36 “change in health” item.Results.For the single site, the mean baseline HAQ-DI was 0.895 and 0.911 at followup, with a mean change of 0.016. The MID estimates for improvement and worsening respectively were –0.0125 (0.125, 75th percentile)/0.042 (0.217, 75th percentile) for HAQ-DI, –8.00/3.61 for pain, –10.00/3.79 (25.32) for fatigue, –18.50/5.92 for sleep, and –6.70/4.05 for global VAS. In the CSRG, baseline scores were 0.787 for HAQ-DI, 37.20 for the Physical Component Summary (PCS) of SF-36, and 48.57 for the Mental Component Summary (MCS). The MID estimates for improvement and worsening were –0.037 (0.250, 75th percentile)/0.140 (0.375, 75th percentile) for HAQ-DI, 2.18/–1.74 for PCS, and 1.33/–2.61 for MCS.Conclusion.This study provides MID estimates in SSc from 2 large databases for commonly used patient-reported outcomes in a clinical practice setting, which could differ from MID in trials.
Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Parotid Scintigraphy in 405 Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: RAMOS-CASALS MANUEL , BRITO-ZERÓN PILAR , PEREZ-DE-LIS MARTA , DIAZ-LAGARES CANDIDO , BOVE ALBERT , SOTO MARIA-JOSE , JIMENEZ IRATXE , BELENGUER RAFAEL , SISO ANTONI , MUXÍ AFRICA , PONS FRANCESCA 
Published: January 2010

Objective.To evaluate the association between the degree of involvement shown by parotid scintigraphy at diagnosis and the disease expression, outcomes, and prognosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS).Methods.All patients consecutively diagnosed with primary SS in our department between 1984 and 2008 were evaluated. The scintigraphic stages were classified into class 4 (severe involvement), class 2–3 (mild to moderate involvement), and class 1 (normal results).Results.A total of 405 patients with primary SS underwent parotid scintigraphy at diagnosis (47 had class 1 involvement, 314 had class 2–3, and 44 had class 4). Patients with class 4 had a higher frequency of parotid enlargement (p < 0.001), systemic involvement (p = 0.007), high titers of antinuclear antibody (p = 0.016), positive rheumatoid factor (p = 0.002), anti-Ro/SSA (p = 0.001), anti-La/SSB (p = 0.001), low C4 levels (p = 0.001), and low CH50 (p = 0.001) in comparison with the other 2 groups. A higher rate of lymphoma development was observed in patients with class 4 involvement. Adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 10.51 (p = 0.002) and Kaplan–Meier analysis a log-rank of 0.0005. Mortality was 5-fold higher in patients with class 4 involvement. Adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis showed an HR of 5.33 (p = 0.001) and Kaplan-Meier analysis a log-rank of 0.033.Conclusion.Patients with SS presenting with severe scintigraphic involvement at diagnosis had a more pronounced autoimmune expression, a higher risk of developing systemic features and lymphoma, and a lower survival rate. Study of the degree of salivary gland dysfunction at diagnosis by parotid scintigraphy offers valuable clinical information on the prognosis and outcome of primary SS.
Notes on the Parasites of Neodiprion nanulus Schedl (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Coppel H. C. 
Published: January 2010

In collecting sawfly eggs, larvae, and cocoons for propagating beneficial insects at the Belleville laboratory, a heavy infestation of a pine sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus Schedl, was discovered in 1942 nine miles north of Belleville, on a 25-year-old plantation of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait.; Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.; and jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb.From samples of the eggs collected in the spring of 1943, no parasites emerged.
Note on the Blow Fly Phaenicia sericata (Mg.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Newfoundland
Authors: Morris Ray F. 
Published: January 2010

In October, 1953, an estimated 20 per cent of the sheep in “The Green” section of Bell Island, Conception Bay, Newfoundland, were infested with blowfly larvae. In some instances the infestation was so severe that the sheep died from the attack.Larvae collected from an infested sheep were reared on Pard (Swift Canadian Company, Toronto) dog food. The flies were considered by Mr. J. F. McAlpine, Systematic Entomology Unit, Entomology Division, Ottawa, to be of Phaenicia sericata (Mg.). Mr. McAlpine (in litt.) hoted that the Newfonndland specimens differed slightly from Hall's concept of P. sericata in colour, degree of pollinosity, and width of from in the male; however, a small series of reared adults was all that was available from Newfoundland and these differences may fall within the limits of variation for such a common, widespread species.
A Strain of Bacillus cereus Fr. and Fr. Pathogenic for the Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)
Authors: Heimpel A. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA strain of Bacillus cereus (Pr-1017) was isolated from dead and dying larvae of the larch sawfly. Laboratory and field feeding tests resulted in mortalities as high as 60 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively.A positive correlation between the incidence of mortality and the mean daily temperatures was obtained in the field experiments.
Cheesecloth Flight Traps for Insects
Authors: Leech Hugh B. 
Published: January 2010

The appearance of an article “Window flight traps for insects” by Chapman and Kinghorn (Can. Ent. 87 (1): 46-47. 1955) suggests that it may be well to describe another flight trap. Specimens taken by it have been labelled “caught in cheesecloth trap”, a statement which is true but perhaps enigmatic.While on the late Ralph Hopping's staff, the writer built a number of cages for rearing forest insects in southern British Columbia. These cages were all 6 × 6 × 6 ft., each on a cloth covered wooden platform, with a minimum super-structure of 2 × 2 in. lumber to the inside of which cheesecloth was tacked to form an insect-tight enclosure. One entered by a door on the lower part of the north or east side.
On the Identity of the Gunthorp Types (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Geophilidae)
Authors: Crabill Ralph E. 
Published: January 2010

In 1913 Horace Gunthorp published his master's thesis, an annotated roster of the virtually unknown myriapod fauna of Kansas. At that time he reported the presence in the state of fourteen millipede and fifteen centipede species and so endeavoured to augment the pioneer work previously undertaken by F. W. Cragin in 1885.Among the fifteen chilopods recorded in the 1913 paper were three new species, Geophilus dolichocephalus, Arenophilus osborni, and Lithobius kansensis–all names which have gone nearlv unnoticed in subsequent publications dealing with the North American fauna.
Temperature Relations of Ant-Lion Larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
Authors: Green G. W. 
Published: January 2010

The common North American ant-lion, Myrneleon immaculatus DeGeer, is generally distributed throughout the United States and has extended its range northward into Canada at various places. Throughout its range, the regular, cone-like pits of larvae of this species inay be found in dry, sandy stretches that in an ecological sense constitute small, isolated desert regions.Temperature is one of the most important of rhe physical factors with which desert species must contend. It is the purpose of this paper to present the results of gn investigation of the effects of temperature upon the behaviour and activity of larvae of M. immaculatus in their natural habitat.
A Report on Some North American Arctic and Subarctic Ichneumoninae
Authors: Heinrich Gerd H. 
Published: January 2010

The following contribution to our knowledge of the Ichneumoninae of the boreal parts of Canada and of Alaska is based mainly on material obtained by the Northern Insect Survey, which is a co-operative project of the Canada Department of Agriculture and the Defence Research Board, Canada Department of National Defence.The contribution brings forward 12 new species and subspecies 3 of them being represented by both sexes, 9 by the female sex only. Some arctic species already named before or regarded as holarctic elements will be treated in a separate publication.
Three New Species of the Genus Cinara Curtis (Homoptera: Aphididae) from Larix SPP.
Authors: Bradley G. A. 
Published: January 2010

Apterous viviparous femaleGeneral colour dark brown. Tibia with a short proximal portion, and distal 1/3, dark brown, remainder light yellowish-brown. Antenna light brown, except segments I and VI, distal 1/3 of V, and extreme tips of III and IV, which are dark brown. Dorsum of metathorax and abdomen thickly speckled with raised, subcircular spots, some of which are joined together to form raised areas of irregular shape (Fig. 1, A). Each dark spot bears a stout, spine-like seta. Many setae on the dorsum terminate in enlarged, bifurcate tips,
Observations on the Biology of Utah Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Peterson B. V. 
Published: January 2010

During 1951 and 1952 a study was conducted on types of larval habitat, larval and adult feeding, cocoon spinning, the emergence process and oviposition of Utah black flies. Most of the work was concentrated at six stations in City Creek Canyon and four stations in Red Butte Canyon. The data obtained at these stations were supplemented with additional observations, made thru 1955, in various localities throughout the state.Red Butte and City Creek Canyons are located on the western side of the Wasatch Mountains. Red Butte Canyon is directly east of Salt Lake City, and City Creek Canyon is approximately three miles northwest of Red Butte and north of the City.
Trinidad Encyrtidae II. Some Additional Mealybug Parasites
Authors: Bennett Fred D. 
Published: January 2010

During the investigation of mealybug parasites in Trinidad seven species of Aenasius, one of them new, and a new species of Zarhopalus have been reared. The new species are described herein.Genus AenasiusCompere, (Proc. Hawaii. ent. Soc., 9, pp. 383-404, 1937) gave a comprehensive review of the genus, described several new species and provided a key for the separation of the known species. Recently three additional species have been described, Aenasius masii, by Domenichini (Boll. 2001. agrar. bachic., 17, 157-180, 1951) from Peru, Aenasius theobromae by Kerrich (Bull. ent. Res., 44, 789-810, 1953) from Trinidad, and Aenasius bolowi by Mercet (Rev. Acad., Madrid, 41, 461-468, 1947) from Costa Rica.
The Larvae of Deilinea Hübner (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), with Notes on Other Stages
Authors: McGuffin W. C. 
Published: January 2010

The major concern of this work is a study of the external morphology of larvae of the Canadian species of Deilinea Hübner: D. borealis Hulst, D. erythemaria Guenée, D. exanthemata bryantaria Taylor, and D. variolaria Guenée. Observations on the life history and habits of two of these have been included.The field work was carried out in 1955 and 1956 at the Kananaskis Forest Experiment Station, Seebe, Alberta. This station is on the east slope of the Rocky Mountains (Latitude 51°) and the observations were made at an altitude of about 4,500 feet.
Note on the Green-Muscardine Fungus, Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sor., as a Control for Wireworms
Authors: Fox C. J. S. , Jaques R. P. 
Published: January 2010

The fungus Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sor., which causes a disease in insects known as green-muscardine, was first used by Metchnikoff in 1879 to infect insects artificially. Subsequently it was widely tested as a control agent with a few encouraging results (Steinhaus, 1949).From 1951 to date the disease was common in a moderately dense population of the introduced elaterid wireworm Agriotes obscurus (L.) near Dartmouth, and much less prevalent in a very dense population of a related introduced species, A. sputator (L.), near Digby. The higher incidence of the disease near Dartmouth was tentatively attributed to the fact that this area has greater annual rainfall and is more subject to coastal fogs than is Digby. These observations led to the culturing and testing of the fungus in the laboratory and to attempts to increase the incidence of the disease at both Digby and Dartmouth by artificial dissemination of the spores in the soil.
Notes on Larentiinae—New Records and Corrections (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: Ferguson Douglas C. 
Published: January 2010

Recent studies in the Larentiinae revealed two new occurrences for North America, one apparently indigenous and the other introduced. A third species discussed below has stood in the American lists for over fifty years on the basis of a misdetermination, and should be removed.Lygris populata L.The early literature contains many references to this species in North America but it is almost certain that all such records can be attributed to the superficially similar Nearctic species, Lygris propulsata Wlk. During current investigations in the genus Dysstroma, I encountered Alaskan specimens that proved to be genuine Lygris populata. These specimens, in the collections of three different museums where they were misdetermined as, or mixed in with, material of Dysstroma glacialis Hlst., are as follows:
A Redescription of the Female and First Descriptions of the Male, Pupa and Larva of Prosimulium Flaviantennus (S. and K.) with Notes on the Biology and Distribution
Authors: Peterson B. V. 
Published: January 2010

The female of Prosimulium flaviantennus (Stains and Knowlton) was originally described from Logan Canyon, Utah in 1940. In 1943 the same authors figured the genitalia of a male they considered to be of this species. No actual description of the male was given, and nothing on the biology was reported.During the spring of 1956 and 1957 large numbers of larvae and pupae of the species were collecced by the writer. Reared pupae provided adults of both sexes. A redescription of the female and first descriptions of the male, pupa and larva, and notes on the biology and distribution of this species are presented below.
Life-History and Natural Control in British Columbia ofOcnerostoma piniariellaZell. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), a Needle Miner on White Pine
Authors: Harris Peter 
Published: January 2010

Ocnerostoma piniariellaZell. is an unimportant pest of Scots pine,Pinus sylvestrisL., in Europe. A variety,copiosellaFrey, is found in the Swiss Alps attacking a white pine,Pinus cembraL., and sometimes occurs in sufficient numbers to reduce growth. Both European forms have a life-history similar to that described here for British Columbia.In North America, specimens identified asO. piniariellawere collected in 1882 at Ithaca, New York (Forbes, 1924). The first Canadian record was for 1922 at Abbotsford, British Columbia, from white pine (Felt, 1922). The species has since been found in British Columbia at Vancouver, Victoria, Langley, and Aldergrove. Dr. T. N. Freeman (in litt.), Entomology Division, Ottawa, has collected it at Constance Bay, South March, Ottawa, and Bells Corners, Ontario.
Life-History and Ecology of Hylemya planipalpis (Stein) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), a Root Maggot Attacking Radish in Manitoba
Authors: Kelleher J. S. 
Published: January 2010

Root maggots infest radish in Manitoba to a limited extent each year. As early as 1920 Norman Criddle noted damage at Treesbank. In the Brandon area the infestations have usually been less than 10 per cent but have occasionally exceeded 20 per cent. Hylemya planipalpis (Stein) is the principal species.There is little literature on this pest. Most references to root maggots on radish refer to other species. For example, Matthewman et al. (1950) identified the cabbage maggot, H. brassicae (Bouche), as the predominant species on radish at Ottawa whereas H. cilicrura (Rond.) and H. trichodactyla (Rond.) were given secondary importance. H. brassicae has not yet been reported in AIanitoba. In California Essig (1915) stated that Phorbia planipalpis (= H. planipalpis) was present but not the cabbage maggot. Brooks (1951) reported H. planipalpis to be the major root maggot pest of radish in the Prairie Provinces of Canada.
Gall Aphids on Poplar in Alberta: I. Descriptions of Galls and Distributions of Aphids
Authors: Harper A. M. 
Published: January 2010

No research has previously been conducted on gall aphids on poplar in Alberta. Strickland (1953) published records of some of these aphids in his list of Hemiptera of Alberta. Manson (1931) mentioned that noctuids fed in galls ofPemphigus populitransversusRiley.In the United States, several workers have reported on these aphids. Palmcr (1952, pp. 358-372) published a key to and some bioiogical notes on several species of the genusPemphigusand related genera. Maxson and Knowlton (1929) gave considerable information on the life-history and classification of the tribe Pemphigini. Maxson (1923) and Hottes and Frison (1931) published keys to the same tribe. Essig (1926, pp. 259-261), Gillette (1913). Gillette and Bragg (1915), Jackson (1908), Oestlund and Hottes (1926), Patch (1913), Swaine (1919), and Williams (1910) also reported on some of the gall aphids on poplar.