bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IndependentFLCMutations as Causes of Flowering-Time Variation inArabidopsis thalianaandCapsella rubella
Authors: Guo Ya-Long , Todesco Marco , Hagmann Jörg , Das Sandip , Weigel Detlef 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCapsella rubella is an inbreeding annual forb closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana, a model species widely used for studying natural variation in adaptive traits such as flowering time. Although mutations in dozens of genes can affect flowering of A. thaliana in the laboratory, only a handful of such genes vary in natural populations. Chief among these are FRIGIDA (FRI) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Common and rare FRI mutations along with rare FLC mutations explain a large fraction of flowering-time variation in A. thaliana. Here we document flowering time under different conditions in 20 C. rubella accessions from across the species’ range. Similar to A. thaliana, vernalization, long photoperiods and elevated ambient temperature generally promote flowering. In this collection of C. rubella accessions, we did not find any obvious loss-of-function FRI alleles. Using mapping-by-sequencing with two strains that have contrasting flowering behaviors, we identified a splice-site mutation in FLC as the likely cause of early flowering in accession 1408. However, other similarly early C. rubella accessions did not share this mutation. We conclude that the genetic basis of flowering-time variation in C. rubella is complex, despite this very young species having undergone an extreme genetic bottleneck when it split from C. grandiflora a few tens of thousands of years ago.
Development of a-SiOx:H/a-Si1-xGex:H Tandem Solar Cell for Triple-Junction Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Tseng Y.W. , Lin Y.H. , Hsu H.J. , Hsu C.H. , Tsai C.C. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work, the development of hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiOx:H) absorber, a-SiOx:H single-junction solar cells and a-SiOx:H/a-Si1-xGex:H tandem solar cells were presented. The oxygen content of the a-SiOx:H materials controlled by changing CO2-to-SiH4 flow ratio had significant influence on its opto-electrical property. As CO2/SiH4 increased from 0 to 2, the bandgap increased from 1.75 to 2.13 eV while the photo-conductivity decreased from 8.25×10-6 to 1.02×10-8 S/cm. Photo-response of over 105 can be obtained as the bandgap was approximately 1.90 eV. The performance of single-junction solar cells revealed a better efficiency can be obtained as the absorber bandgap was in the range of 1.83 to 1.90 eV. Further increase of the absorber bandgap may lead to the increase in bulk defect density which deteriorated the cell efficiency. Finally, a-SiOx:H/a-Si1-xGex:H tandem solar cell was fabricated with the absorber bandgap of 1.90 eV in the top cell. By matching the current between the component cells, the tandem cell efficiency of 7.38% has been achieved.
Political Economy of Arab Revolutions : analysis and prospects for North-African Countries
Authors: Mouhoub El Mouhoud 
Published: August 2012

Des similitudes expliquent la diffusion du processus révolutionnaire arabe : une polarisation sectorielle des économies, une gestion rentière des ressources, des taux d’emplois faibles et des taux d’expatriation de qualifiés anormalement élevés. Enfin, un même pacte externe avec les puissances occidentales et interne entre les élites. Ces pactes ont implosé. Cet article propose de nouvelles directions pour ces économies, combinant intégration régionale et stratégie de rattrapage par les services.
Comprendre l'émergence économique : convergence sectorielle, autonomie compétitive et changement institutionnel
Authors: Rougier Éric , Piveteau Alain 
Published: August 2012

L’hybridation des systèmes économiques émergents et les transformations profondes qui s’y opèrent souvent en dehors des prescriptions standards, offrent un matériau nouveau à l’analyse économique. L’articulation de la contrainte externe avec les dynamiques productive et sociale internes est une explication commune de l’existence de trajectoires d’émergence ouvertes et variées. Nous montrons ici qu’elles sont également conditionnées par les dynamiques sectorielles, la transformation interne des rapports sociaux et les dynamiques institutionnelles qui accompagnent les changements structurels profonds subis par les économies qui « émergent ».
Développement et émergence : nouvelle frontière de la gouvernance économique globale
Authors: Ben Hammouda Hakim , Sadni Jallab Mustapha 
Published: August 2012

La création du G20 marque une avancée majeure en matière de gouvernance économique globale. En novembre 2008, pour la première fois, les chefs d’Etat et de gouvernement du G20 se sont réunis. La question du développement y prenant une dimension nouvelle, l’objectif de cet article est de mieux comprendre les défis du monde en développement traités lors de la présidence française du G20 en 2011, ainsi que les politiques et les stratégies à mettre en place afin de faire de la crise et de cette période critique un nouveau départ pour soutenir les pays en développement, et particulièrement les plus pauvres dans leur processus d'émergence économique.
La stabilité macroéconomique conditionne-t-elle l'impact des IDE sur la croissance économique et l'émergence ?
Authors: Abdelmalki Lahsen , Gbakou Monnet Benoît Patrick , Sadni Jallab Mustapha , Sandretto René 
Published: August 2012

Cette étude teste la relation entre les flux d’IDE entrants et la croissance économique pour des pays en développement distribués dans trois zones géographiques sur la période 1990-2005. La méthode des 3SLS est utilisée pour dériver nos résultats. Notre principale conclusion est que les IDE affectent positivement la croissance pour les pays d’Afrique et ceux d’Amérique latine/Caraïbes. A contrario , l’instabilité macroéconomique exerce une influence négative et limite l’effet des IDE en Afrique.
Evidence that web reduction by western black widow males functions in sexual communication
Authors: Scott Catherine , Vibert Samantha , Gries Gerhard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA well-accepted function of courtship in sexually dimorphic and cannibalistic spiders is suppression of female predatory responses. We quantitatively analysed courtship in the western black widow, Latrodectus hesperus Chamberlin and Ivie (Araneae: Theridiidae), to determine the behavioural elements of the males’ courtship that are correlated with mating success and/or the females’ responses. The 58% of males that engaged in web reduction elicited fewer aggressive responses from females and induced female quiescence more quickly than did males not exhibiting web reduction behaviour. Our data suggest that web reduction by male L. hesperus functions in sexual communication, a context not previously explored.
Expansion of Effector Memory Regulatory T Cells Represents a Novel Prognostic Factor in Lower Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Mailloux Adam W. , Sugimori Chiharu , Komrokji Rami S. , Yang Lili , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Paquette Ronald , Loughran Thomas P. , List Alan F. , Epling-Burnette Pearlie K. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes are premalignant diseases characterized by cytopenias, myeloid dysplasia, immune dysregulation with association to autoimmunity, and variable risk for acute myeloid leukemia transformation. Studies of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) indicate that the number and/or activation state may influence cancer progression in these patients. Focusing on patients with a lower risk for leukemia transformation, 18 (34.6%) of 52 patients studied displayed an altered Treg compartment compared with age-matched controls. Delineation of unique Treg subsets revealed that an increase in the absolute number of CD4+FOXP3+CD25+CD127lowCD45RA−CD27− Tregs (effector memory Tregs [TregEM]) was significantly associated with anemia (p = 0.046), reduced hemoglobin (p = 0.038), and blast counts ≥5% (p = 0.006). In healthy donors, this TregEM population constitutes only 2% of all Tregs (one to six Tregs per microliter) in peripheral blood but, when isolated, exhibit greater suppressive activity in vitro. With a median follow-up of 3.1 y (range 2.7–4.9 y) from sample acquisition, increased numbers of TregEM cells proved to have independent prognostic importance in survival estimates, suggesting that enumeration of this Treg subset may be a more reliable indicator of immunological escape than FOXP3+ T cells as a whole. Based on multivariate analyses, TregEM impacted survival independently from myeloblast characteristics, cytopenias, karyotype, and comorbidities. Based on these findings, TregEM cell expansion may be synonymous with human Treg activation and indicate microenvironmental changes conducive to transformation in myelodysplastic syndromes.
LA CARRERAS DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD AGRARIA DE LA HABANA (UNAH) LOGRA LA CONDICIÓN DE EXCELENCIA
Authors: Del Pozo Pedro Pablo 
Published: August 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v11i16.754 La Calera Vol. 11, No 16 p. 68-69/junio 2011
UN MENSAJE DE ESPERANZA A LOS PEQUEÑOS AGRICULTORES: LA RENTABILIDAD YA ESTÁ AL ALCANCE DE TODOS
Authors: Lacki Polan 
Published: August 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v11i16.755 La Calera Vol. 11, No 16 p. 70-72/junio 2011
Association of DVL2 and AXIN2 gene polymorphisms with cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a polish population
Authors: Mostowska Adrianna , Hozyasz Kamil K. , Wójcicki Piotr , Lasota Agnieszka , Dunin‐Wilczyńska Izabella , Jagodziński Paweł P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies, with a complex and still not fully understood etiology. Given the important role of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway during craniofacial development, we decided to test the hypothesis that common polymorphic variants of the genes encoding crucial components of this signaling pathway might contribute to the risk of NSCL/P in the Polish population. METHODS: A set of 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APC, AXIN1, AXIN2, CTNNB1, DVL2, and GSK‐3β genes were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism and high‐resolution melting curve methods in a group of 280 patients with NSCL/P and a properly matched control group (n = 330). RESULTS: Both single‐marker and haplotype analyses showed an association between SNPs in the DVL2 gene and the risk for NSCL/P. The strongest association was found under an overdominant model for the rs35594616 variant located in the exonic sequence of DVL2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–2.62; p < 0.0001). Moreover, the gene‐gene interaction analysis revealed a significant epistatic interaction between DVL2 gene SNPs in the susceptibility to orofacial clefts. Borderline association with a decreased risk of NSCL/P was also observed for the AXIN2 rs3923087 variant (dominant model OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50–0.95; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that polymorphic variants of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway genes have a role in the susceptibility to orofacial clefts. The DVL2 and AXIN2 genes might be candidate genes for this craniofacial anomaly in the Polish population. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The independent value of a direct stenting strategy on early and late clinical outcomes in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Sardi Gabriel L. , Laynez‐Carnicero Ana , Torguson Rebecca , Xue Zhenyi , Suddath William O. , Kent Kenneth M. , Satler Lowell F. , Pichard Augusto D. , Lindsay Joseph , Waksman Ron 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with direct stenting (DS) to balloon predilatation (PD) for patients undergoing elective PCI to determine whether there is an independent value for DS with regard to clinical outcomes.BackgroundThe safety of PCI with DS has been established, but the independent advantages of this technique are not entirely clear.MethodsPatients undergoing elective PCI from January 2000 to December 2010 were included. The postprocedural and late clinical outcomes of 444 patients who underwent PCI with DS were compared with a propensity‐matched population of 444 subjects treated with PD.ResultsThe two groups were well matched to 27 baseline clinical, procedural, and angiographic characteristics, thus allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the independent value of the stenting technique. Intravascular ultrasound was used in more than 60% of interventions in both groups. PCI performed with PD were longer (DS 45 ± 19.28 vs. PD 56 ± 23.72 minutes, P = 0.001), used more contrast (DS 154 ± 65.88 vs. PD 186 ± 92.84 cc, P = 0.001), and more frequently used balloon postdilation (DS 0% vs. PD 27.3%, P = 0.001). The incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PPMI) was similar between DS‐ and PD patients (5.3% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.91). Likewise, the 1‐year rates of major adverse cardiac events (8.4% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.25), target lesion revascularization (3.9% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.24), and definite stent thrombosis (0.2% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.37) were similar among DS and PD patients, respectively.ConclusionDuring elective PCI, DS decreases overall procedure time and resource utilization, but fails to reveal an independent clinical advantage as there is no demonstrable benefit in regard to the incidence of PPMI, restenosis, or overall clinical outcomes up to 1‐year of follow‐up. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rank 1 real Wishart spiked model
Authors: Mo M. Y. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we considerN‐dimensional real Wishart matricesYin the class\input amssym $W_{\Bbb R} (\Sigma ,M)$in which all but one eigenvalue of Σ is 1. Let the nontrivial eigenvalue of Σ be 1+τ; then asN, M→ ∞, withM/N→ γ2finite and nonzero, the eigenvalue distribution ofYwill converge into the Marchenko‐Pastur distribution inside a bulk region. When τ increases from 0, one starts to see a stray eigenvalue ofYoutside of the support of the Marchenko‐Pastur density. As this stray eigenvalue leaves the bulk region, a phase transition will occur in the largest eigenvalue distribution of the Wishart matrix.In this paper we will compute the asymptotics of the largest eigenvalue distribution when the phase transition occurs. We will first establish the results that are valid for allNandMand will use them to carry out the asymptotic analysis. In particular, we have derived a contour integral formula for the Harish‐Chandra Itzykson‐Zuber integral$\int_{O(N)} {e^{{\rm tr}(XgYg^{\rm T} )} } g^{\rm T} dg$whenXandYare real symmetric andYis a rank 1 matrix. This allows us to write down a Fredholm determinant formula for the largest eigenvalue distribution and analyze it using orthogonal polynomial techniques. As a result, we obtain an integral formula for the largest eigenvalue distribution in the large‐Nlimit characterized by Painlevé transcendents. The approach used in this paper is very different from a recent paper by Bloemenal and Virág, in which the largest eigenvalue distribution was obtained using a stochastic operator method. In particular, the Painlevé formula for the largest eigenvalue distribution obtained in this paper is new. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A retrospective review of UroVysion fish interpretations over 8.6 years: A major shift in the patient test population
Authors: Denice Smith G. , Sangle Nikhil A. , Wilson Andrew , Chadwick Barbara E. , Bentz Joel S. , Gopez Evelyn V. , Pyne Michael T. , Tripp Sheryl R. , Layton Michelle , Pasi Alexandra , Jarboe Elke A. , Collins Brian T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUroVysion FISH detects chromosomal aberrations associated with urothelial carcinoma. In our laboratory, UroVysion FISH was initially evaluated manually with a change to image‐aided interpretation using the BioView Duet imaging system. This retrospective study examined diagnostic findings over an 8.6 year period, with 1,869 manual interpretations over 4.8 years and 3,936 image‐aided interpretations over 3.8 years. Although the initial goal was to evaluate possible impacts of the imaging system on diagnostic interpretations, the most important finding was that the demographics of the test population changed significantly. Female specimens increased incrementally from an average of 29% compared to 43% of the samples during periods of manual interpretation versus image‐aided interpretation, respectively. The shift may reflect a gradual increase in the percentage of low‐risk hematuria patients being evaluated for initial diagnosis of bladder cancer, rather than bladder cancer recurrence. Interpretation rates, evaluated separately for males and females, changed significantly over the test period. Male interpretation results were negative (75.1 vs. 67%), positive (18.6 vs. 14.6%), unsatisfactory (5.0 vs. 16.9%), and equivocal (1.4 vs. 1.5%) during periods of manual versus image‐aided interpretation, respectively (Fisher Exact Test P‐value = <0.0001). For females, results were negative (86.1 vs. 79.3%), positive (9.2 vs. 11.1%), unsatisfactory (2.8 vs. 8.9%), and equivocal (1.8 vs. 0.7%) over the same periods (Fisher Exact Test P‐value = <0.0001). Logistic regression analysis identified the change in test population as the variable with the greatest impact on observed interpretation rate changes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eight cases of malignant mixed müllerian tumor (carcinosarcoma) of the uterus: Findings in surepath™ cervical cytology
Authors: Gupta Nalini , Dudding Nicholas , Smith J. H. F. 
Published: August 2012

Malignant mixed Müllerian tumor (MMMT)/carcinosarcoma is a rare neoplasm of the female genital tract characterized by a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal components. There are published reports of conventional cervical smear findings in uterine MMMT, but to the best of our knowledge the cytomorphology of MMMT in SurePath™ liquid‐based cytology samples has not been described.We present a series of eight cases of uterine MMMT in SurePath™ cervical samples.The mean age of the women was 65.5 years (range, 60–82 years) and the most common presenting symptom was postmenopausal bleeding. Three out of the eight cases had both epithelial and sarcomatous elements in highly cellular cervical samples. In two cases, abnormal glandular cell clusters were closely associated with the mesenchymal component. The glandular component was usually represented by three‐dimensional clusters of malignant glandular cells and a dispersed population of large, round to oval malignant epithelial cells with single prominent nucleoli. Necrosis or tumor diathesis was not seen in any cases. Six out of the eight cases were initially reported as adenocarcinoma, endometrial type, and two cases as normal. Five cases had an atrophic background and tiny atypical glandular clusters that could easily be overlooked.Although cervical sample is not the method of choice for primary uterine carcinosarcoma screening, the possibility of the same should be kept in mind, when reporting a cervical sample from a woman with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:165–169. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orthogonal Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives via Direct Voltammetry Coupled to Enzyme‐Mediated Biocatalysis
Authors: O'Mahony Aoife M. , Valdés‐Ramírez Gabriela , Windmiller Joshua Ray , Samek Izabela A. , Wang Joseph 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article describes a rapid and reliable electrochemical/enzymatic method of verifying the presence of nitroaromatic explosives. The new technique leverages both conventional voltammetric analysis and biocatalytic conversion of TNT. The simultaneous use of independent measurement schemes, based on two distinct processes, dramatically increases the information content and offers substantially improved reliability while minimizing the occurrence of false alarms. This has been accomplished by coupling direct voltammetric analysis with the biocatalytic conversion of the TNT substrate via nitroreductase (NR), which reduces a nitro group of TNT using NADH as an electron donor. This chemical reduction (30 s timescale) can then be observed using square‐wave voltammetry by examination of the reductive and oxidative features. This novel protocol was found to be selective for TNT, not only when compared to DNT and NT, but also to other explosive species such as RDX and PETN. This unique dual‐mode detection strategy for measuring TNT at a single device holds considerable promise for improving the probability of explosive detection and hence for diverse security screening applications.
Chlorophacinone residues in mammalian prey at a black-tailed prairie dog colony
Authors: Vyas Nimish B. , Hulse Craig S. , Rice Clifford P. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Black-tailed prairie dogs (BTPDs), Cynomys ludovicianus, are an important prey for raptors; therefore, the use of the rodenticide Rozol (0.005% chlorophacinone active ingredient) to control BTPDs raises concern for secondary poisonings resulting from the consumption of contaminated prey by raptors. In the present study, the authors observed Rozol exposure and adverse effects to mammalian prey on 11 of 12 search days of the study. Mammalian hepatic chlorophacinone residues ranged from 0.44 to 7.56 µg/g. Poisoned prey availability was greater than previously reported. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2513–2516. © 2012 SETAC
Direct soil contact values for ecological receptors exposed to weathered petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) fraction 2
Authors: Angell Robin A. , Kullman Steve , Shrive Emma , Stephenson Gladys L. , Tindal Miles 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Ecological tier 1 Canada-wide standards (CWS) for petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) fraction 2 (F2; &gt;nC10–C16) in soil were derived using ecotoxicological assessment endpoints (effective concentrations [ECs]/lethal concentrations [LCs]/inhibitory concentrations, 25% [IC25s]) with freshly spiked (fresh) fine- and coarse-grained soils. These soil standards might be needlessly conservative when applied to field samples with weathered hydrocarbons. The purpose of the present study was to assess the degradation and toxicity of weathered PHC F2 in a fine-grained soil and to derive direct soil contact values for ecological receptors. Fine-grained reference soils were spiked with distilled F2 and weathered for 183 d. Toxicity tests using plants and invertebrates were conducted with the weathered F2-spiked soils. Endpoint EC/IC25s were calculated and used to derive soil standards for weathered F2 in fine-grained soil protective of ecological receptors exposed via direct soil contact. The values derived for weathered F2 were less restrictive than current ecological tier 1 CWS for F2 in soil. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2536–2544. © 2012 SETAC