bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1): new pathoanatomical and clinico‐pathological insights
Authors: Rüb U. , Bürk K. , Timmann D. , den Dunnen W. , Seidel K. , Farrag K. , Brunt E. , Heinsen H. , Egensperger R. , Bornemann A. , Schwarzacher S. , Korf H.‐W. , Schöls L. , Bohl J. , Deller T. 
Published: February 2012

U. Rüb, K. Bürk, D. Timmann, W. den Dunnen, K. Seidel, K. Farrag, E. Brunt, H. Heinsen, R. Egensperger, A. Bornemann, S. Schwarzacher, H.‐W. Korf, L. Schöls, J. Bohl and T. Deller (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 38, 665–680Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1): new pathoanatomical and clinico‐pathological insightsAims: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) represents the first molecular genetically characterized autosomal dominantly inherited cerebellar ataxia and is assigned to the CAG‐repeat or polyglutamine diseases. Owing to limited knowledge about SCA1 neuropathology, appropriate pathoanatomical correlates of a large variety of SCA1 disease symptoms are missing and the neuropathological basis for further morphological and experimental SCA1 studies is still fragmentary. Methods: In the present study, we investigated for the first time serial tissue sections through the complete brains of clinically diagnosed and genetically confirmed SCA1 patients. Results: Brain damage in the three SCA1 patients studied went beyond the well‐known brain predilection sites of the underlying pathological process. Along with neuronal loss in the primary motor cortex, it included widespread degeneration of gray components of the basal forebrain, thalamus, brainstem and cerebellum, as well as of white matter components in the cerebellum and brainstem. It involved the motor cerebellothalamocortical and basal ganglia‐thalamocortical circuits, the visual, auditory, somatosensory, oculomotor, vestibular, ingestion‐related, precerebellar, basal forebrain cholinergic and midbrain dopaminergic systems. Conclusions: These findings show for the first time that the extent and severity of brain damage in SCA1 is very similar to that of clinically closely related spinocerebellar ataxias (that is, SCA2, SCA3 and SCA7). They offer suitable explanations for poorly understood SCA1 disease symptoms and will facilitate the interpretation of further morphological and experimental SCA1 studies.
Comparative efficacy of rHaa86 and rBm86 against Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Authors: KUMAR B. , AZHAHIANAMBI P. , RAY D. D. , CHAUDHURI P. , De La FUENTE J. , KUMAR R. , GHOSH S. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryHyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus are the most economically important tick species in India and other tropical and subtropical regions of the world and transmit pathogens causing animal and human diseases. We demonstrated that vaccination of animal by rHaa86 could be used for the control of both H. a. anatolicum and R. (B.) microplus infestations. By comparing the efficacy of rHaa86 and rBm86, it was observed that vaccine based on rHaa86 will be more effective in controlling homologous challenge infestations (68·7% against larvae and 45·8% against adults). The results of this trial demonstrated that species‐specific antigens are the better choice for vaccine development and could serve as an effective tool for the integrated control of H. a. anatolicum.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt following liver transplantation: can outcomes be predicted?
Authors: El Atrache Mazen , Abouljoud Marwan , Sharma Saurabh , Abbass Ahmad Abou , Yoshida Atsushi , Kim Dean , Kazimi Marwan , Moonka Dilip , Brown Kim 
Published: February 2012

El Atrache M, Abouljoud M, Sharma S, Abbass AA, Yoshida A, Kim D, Kazimi M, Moonka D, Brown K. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt following liver transplantation: can outcomes be predicted?Abstract:  Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been fairly effective in managing portal hypertension in the setting of cirrhosis. The aim is to study the safety and efficacy of TIPS in liver transplant (LT) recipients. Fifteen patients underwent TIPS insertion following LT. Indications were refractory ascites (12), hepatic hydrothorax (2), and bleeding esophageal varices (1). Seven patients (46.6%) had complete (C) resolution of ascites, while eight (53.4%) had partial or no (PN) resolution. Portal pressure and portal‐right atrial pressure gradients post‐TIPS were comparable. Ammonia levels were significantly higher in the PN group. Encephalopathy occurred in two patients (PN group). Four patients required re‐transplantation and seven patients expired. The five‐yr survival probability was 60.0% for the C group and 66.7% for the PN group. Currently, six patients are alive without clinical evidence of ascites. Two patients are alive but require re‐transplantation. TIPS is a safe and effective method to control refractory ascites after LT. Portal pressure changes did not seem to correlate with resolution of ascites. Earlier allograft dysfunction is more likely with PN resolution of ascites after TIPS, and thus early re‐transplantation should be considered. Re‐transplantation in the context of organ dysfunction and graft failure should be a priority when considering TIPS.
Drug‐administration sequence of target‐controlled propofol and remifentanil influences the onset of rocuronium. A double‐blind, randomized trial
Authors: NA H. S. , HWANG J. W. , PARK S. H. , OH A. Y. , PARK H. P. , JEON Y. T. , DO S. H. 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundRemifentanil is known to cause bradycardia and hypotension, as well as the decreases of cardiac output (CO). We hypothesized that hemodynamic suppression by remifentanil would affect the onset time of rocuronium. This study investigated whether the onset of rocuronium was influenced by the drug‐administration sequence during induction of anesthesia with target‐controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil.MethodsHealthy adult patients (n = 126) undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into two groups according to drug‐administration sequence. In Remi‐Pro‐Rocu group (n = 62), remifentanil was infused first, followed by propofol. Then, rocuronium was administered lastly. In Pro‐Rocu‐Remi group (n = 64), propofol, rocuronium, and remifentanil were given in that order. As a primary outcome, the onset time of rocuronium was measured. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), CO, and stroke volume were recorded before anesthesia (T1), at injection of rocuronium (T2), immediately before and after intubation (T3 and T4).ResultsIn Remi‐Pro‐Roc group, the onset of rocuronium was delayed significantly compared with Pro‐Rocu‐Remi group [median (interquartile range); 130 (105–150) vs. 90 (71–100) s, P < 0.001]. At the time of rocuronium injection (T2), MAP, HR, and CO were significantly lower in Remi‐Pro‐Rocu group than Pro‐Rocu‐Remi group (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe onset time of rocuronium is prolonged significantly by early administration of remifentanil during target‐controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil, and it may be due to the decreased CO caused by remifentanil.
Risk factors for incomplete resection and complications in endoscopic mucosal resection for lateral spreading tumors
Authors: Kim Hyung Hun , Kim Joo Hoon , Park Seun Ja , Park Moo In , Moon Won 
Published: February 2012

Aim:  Lateral spreading tumors (LST) are relatively large flat lesions with diameters exceeding 10 mm in length. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a commonly used technique for removing LST. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for incomplete resection and complications of EMR for LST.Method:  Between January 2004 and December 2010, 497 patients who underwent EMR for LST were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors for endoscopic and histopathological complete resection, complications, and clinical outcomes were investigated.Results:  Risks for incomplete resection by piecemeal resection and en bloc resection of a lesion ≥30 mm were higher than for en bloc resection of a lesion <30 mm (OR = 2.688, CI 1.036–6.993; OR = 4.982, CI 1.894–13.101). Risks of post‐EMR bleeding for piecemeal resection and en bloc resection for a lesion ≥40 mm were higher than for en bloc resection of a lesion < 40 mm (OR = 15.231, CI 1.816–127.744; OR = 43.043, CI 4.306–430.314).Conclusion:  We found risk factors of EMR for LST and tentatively suggest a protocol for EMR adapted to the size of LST and resection methods. (i) Following piecemeal resection and en bloc resection for LST ≥ 40 mm, hospitalize patients for 36 h and note risk for incomplete resection and delayed bleeding. (ii) After en bloc resection for 40 mm > LST ≥ 30 mm, hospitalize patients for 12 h and note risk for incomplete resection. (iii) Following en bloc resection for LST < 30 mm, hospitalize the patient for 12 h and expect complete resection.
Phytoplankton chytridiomycosis: community structure and infectivity of fungal parasites in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Rasconi Serena , Niquil Nathalie , Sime‐Ngando Télesphore 
Published: February 2012

SummaryFungal parasitism is recurrent in plankton communities, especially in the form of parasitic chytrids. However, few attempts have been made to study the community structure and activity of parasites at the natural community level. To analyse the dynamics of zoosporic fungal parasites (i.e. chytrids) of phytoplankton, samples were collected from February to December 2007 in two freshwater lakes. Infective chytrids were omnipresent in lakes, with higher diversity of parasites and infected phytoplankton than in previous studies. The abundance and biomass of parasites were significantly higher in the productive Lake Aydat than in the oligomesotrophic Lake Pavin, while the infection prevalence in both lakes were similar and averaged about 20%. The host species composition and their size appeared as critical for chytrid infectivity, the larger hosts being more vulnerable, including pennate diatoms and desmids in both lakes. The highest prevalence (98%) was noted for the autumn bloom of the cyanobacterium Anabaena flosaquae facing the parasite Rhizosiphon crassum in Lake Aydat. Because parasites killed their hosts, this implies that cyanobacterial blooms, and other large size inedible phytoplankton blooms as well, may not totally represent trophic bottlenecks because their zoosporic parasites can release dissolved substrates for microbial processes through host destruction, and provide energetic particles as zoospores for grazers. Overall, we conclude that the parasitism by zoosporic fungi represents an important ecological driving force in the food web dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, and infer general empirical models on chytrid seasonality and trophodynamics in lakes.
Laparoscopic adhesiolysis: consensus conference guidelines
Authors: Vettoretto N. , Carrara A. , Corradi A. , De Vivo G. , Lazzaro L. , Ricciardelli L. , Agresta F. , Amodio C. , Bergamini C. , Borzellino G. , Catani M. , Cavaliere D. , Cirocchi R. , Gemini S. , Mirabella A. , Palasciano N. , Piazza D. , Piccoli M. , Rigamonti M. , Scatizzi M. , Tamborrino E. , Zago M. ,   on behalf of the Italian Association of Hospital Surgeons (Associazione dei Chirurghi Ospedalieri Italiani – ACOI)
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim  Laparoscopic adhesiolysis has been demonstrated to be technically feasible in small bowel obstruction and carries advantages in terms of post‐surgical course. The increasing dissemination of laparoscopic surgery in the emergency setting and the lack of concrete evidence in the literature have called for a consensus conference to draw recommendations for clinical practice.Methods  A literature search was used to outline the evidence, and a consensus conference was held between experts in the field. A survey of international experts added expertise to the debate. A public jury of surgeons discussed and validated the statements, and the entire process was reviewed by three external experts.Results  Recommendations concern the diagnostic evaluation, the timing of the operation, the selection of patients, the induction of the pneumoperitoneum, the removal of the cause of obstructions, the criteria for conversion, the use of adhesion‐preventing agents, the need for high‐technology dissection instruments and behaviour in the case of misdiagnosed hernia or the need for bowel resection.Conclusion  Evidence of this kind of surgery is scanty because of the absence of randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless laparoscopic skills in emergency are widespread. The recommendations given with the consensus process might be a useful tool in the hands of surgeons.
Phase II study of cytarabine in men with docetaxel‐refractory, castration‐resistant prostate cancer with evaluation of TMPRSS2‐ERG and SPINK1 as serum biomarkers
Authors: Dhani Neesha C. , Emmenegger Urban , Adams Laurie , Jongstra Jan , Tannock Ian F. , Sridhar Srikala S. , Knox Jennifer J. , Day John R. , Groskopf Jack , Joshua Anthony M. 
Published: February 2012

Study Type – Therapy (cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?To date, there has been limited impetus to examine the use of cytarabine in prostate cancer. We presented preliminary laboratory data to suggest its utility in the castration refractory prostate cancer (CRPC) population which, combined with a previous case report, suggested it may have hitherto unrecognized utility in this setting. Embedded in this study was peripheral blood sampling for TMPRSS2‐ERG and SPINK1, two genes that are believed to define prostate cancer genotypes, to assess their utility as biomarkersThis study suggests that at the delivered doses, cytarabine has limited efficacy and significant myelotoxicity suggesting, it does not have a role in the treatment of docetaxel‐refractory CRPC. The presence of serum TMPRSS2‐ERG and SPINK1 mRNA biomarkers recovered from blood suggest that their analysis is worthy of further study.OBJECTIVES
To run a phase II clinical trial of cytarabine in men with docetaxel‐refractory, castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), based on evidence that cytarabine might be effective in men with abnormalities of ERG oncogenes.
To measure mRNA levels of prostate cancer‐related genes in blood as biomarkers.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Ten of a planned maximum of 30 men received i.v. cytarabine at doses of 0.25–1g/m2 at 21‐day intervals. The primary endpoint was prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response.
Archival tumour samples were assessed by fluorescence in‐situ hybridization for TMPRSS2:ERG translocation, and by immunohistochemistry for serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1).
Blood was processed for mRNA quantification of TMPRSS2:ERG (exon1:exon4), SPINK1 and PSA.
RESULTS
A PSA response was not observed in any patient. The trial was stopped at the end of stage 1 of a modified Flemming design.
The median number of cycles administered was 3. Grade 3–4 haematological toxicity was common. Five patients were subsequently excluded from the study for toxicity, and five for disease progression.
Analysis of whole blood mRNA for T1:E4 translocation in TMPRSS2:ERG was consistent with that in the tumour in 8/9 evaluable cases (one was concordantly positive, seven were concordantly negative), SPINK1 results were concordant in 9/10 cases (two were concordantly positive, seven were concordantly negative [P= 0.047 for the predictive value]).
There was no correlation between PSA or SPINK protein and their respective mRNA copy levels in blood.
CONCLUSIONS
Cytarabine at the doses used is ineffective for men with CRPC.
Blood mRNA levels of prostate cancer genes may represent a novel aspect of monitoring prostate cancer and have implications for the understanding of tumour‐derived mRNA.
Prevalence of haematuria positively associated with urine albumin excretion in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shen F.‐C. , Lee C.‐T. , Sun C.‐K. , Chung M.‐S. , Lee J.‐J. , Chang H.‐W. , Hsieh C.‐J. , Yang K. D. , Liu R.‐T. 
Published: February 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, 1178‐1183 (2012)AbstractAims  Some guidelines or studies consider haematuria an indication for renal biopsy or a potential cause of albuminuria that precludes accurate assessment of urinary albumin excretion. This study examined the justification of excluding haematuria in interpreting urinary albumin excretion in patients with Type 2 diabetes and its associations with other diabetes‐related variables.Methods  Between May and November 2008, patients with Type 2 diabetes at a single centre with data on urinary albumin excretion and urinalysis in the same urine sample were recruited. Urinary albumin excretion was determined by urine albumin/creatinine ratio in spot urine. Diagnosis of haematuria was made by positive urine occult blood from 1+ to 4+ and/or presence of more than nine red blood cells/ml in urinalysis. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory variables and diabetes‐associated complications were analysed.Results  In total, 743 patients were enrolled. Prevalence of haematuria among patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, or macroalbuminuria was 8.7% (n = 13), 16.1% (n = 67) and 35.8% (n = 64), respectively. Urine albumin/creatinine ratio was significantly higher, while macroalbuminuria was more common in patients with haematuria (n = 144) than in those without (n = 599). Multiple regression analysis identified urine albumin/creatinine ratio (odds ratio 1.33, P = 0.01) and macroalbuminuria (odds ratio 2.66, P = 0.01) as the only independent predictors of haematuria. Moreover, urine albumin/creatinine ratio was an independent predictor of haematuria in the macroalbuminuria subgroup (odds ratio 1.30, P = 0.04).Conclusions  Increased urine albumin/creatinine ratio and macroalbuminuria were the only independent predictors of haematuria in patients with Type 2 diabetes, raising questions on the justifications of excluding haematuria in interpreting urinary albumin excretion in patients with Type 2 diabetes and including haematuria as an indication for renal biopsy in those with macroalbuminuria.
TreeMatrix: A Hybrid Visualization of Compound Graphs
Authors: Rufiange Sébastien , McGuffin Michael  J. , Fuhrman Christopher  P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe present a hybrid visualization technique for compound graphs (i.e. networks with a hierarchical clustering defined on the nodes) that combines the use of adjacency matrices, node‐link and arc diagrams to show the graph, and also combines the use of nested inclusion and icicle diagrams to show the hierarchical clustering. The graph visualized with our technique may have edges that are weighted and/or directed. We first explore the design space of visualizations of compound graphs and present a taxonomy of hybrid visualization techniques. We then present our prototype, which allows clusters (i.e. subtrees) of nodes to be grouped into matrices or split apart using a radial menu. We also demonstrate how our prototype can be used in the software engineering domain, and compare it to the commercial matrix‐based visualization tool Lattix using a qualitative user study.
Cynandione A mitigates ischemic injuries in rats with cerebral ischemia
Authors: Yue Rongcai , Yuan Xing , Liu Xiaojun , Zhang Jigang , Jiang Peng , He Cheng , Shan Lei , Yu Yizhi , Zhang Weidong 
Published: February 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 451–464.AbstractCynandione A, an acetophenone from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and other species in the genus attenuates neurotoxicity of a variety of neurotoxic agents such as l‐glutamate in vitro. In this study, we sought to further characterize the neuroprotective effects of cynandione A and other acetophenones from the roots of C. auriculatum in pheochromocytoma tumor cell line PC12 and investigate whether cynandione A protected against ischemic injuries in rats with experimentally induced cerebral ischemia. Viability assays using the 2‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitrophenyl)‐3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐(2,4‐disulfophen‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazolium monosodium salt method and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays showed that cynandione A dose‐dependently attenuated glutamate‐induced cytotoxicity. Comparative proteomic analysis by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight MS/MS of PC12 cells treated with cynandione A showed 10 μM cynandione A caused broad changes in protein expression in PC12 cells including down‐regulation of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and dihydropyrimidinase‐like 2 (DPYSL2). Immunoblotting studies showed that 10 μM cynandione A aborted glutamate‐induced increase in DPYSL2 and HMGB1 levels in PC12 cells and 30 mg/kg cynandione A also attenuated the rise in HMGB1 levels and mitigated DPYSL2 cleavage in brain tissues of rats with cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, rats with cerebral ischemia treated with 30 mg/kg cynandione A exhibited markedly improved neurological deficit scores at 24 and 72 h compared with control and a 7.2% reduction in cerebral infarction size at 72 h (p < 0.05 vs. control). Our findings demonstrated that cynandione A mitigated ischemic injuries and should be further explored as a neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke.
Synaptic vesicles are capable of synthesizing the VGLUT substrate glutamate from α‐ketoglutarate for vesicular loading
Authors: Takeda Kouji , Ishida Atsuhiko , Takahashi Kento , Ueda Tetsufumi 
Published: February 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 184–196.AbstractSynaptic vesicle loading of glutamate is a pivotal step in glutamate synaptic transmission. The molecular machinery responsible for this step is comprised of v‐type proton‐pump ATPase and a vesicular glutamate transporter. Recent evidence indicates that synaptic vesicles are endowed with glycolytic ATP‐synthesizing enzymes, providing energy for immediate use by vesicle‐bound proton‐pump ATPase. In this study, we provide evidence that synaptic vesicles are also capable of synthesizing the vesicular glutamate transporter substrate glutamate, from α‐ketoglutarate and l‐aspartate (as the amino group donor); glutamate thus produced is taken up into vesicles. We also report a finding that α‐ketoglutarate‐derived glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles and aspartate aminotransferase are inhibited by 2,3‐pyrazinedicarboxylate. Evidence is given that this is a selective inhibitor for aspartate aminotransferase. These observations provide insight into understanding the nerve endings’ mechanism for high efficiency in glutamate transmission. Finding this inhibitor may have implications for further experimentation on the role of α‐ketoglutarate‐derived glutamate in glutamate transmission.
Ictal epileptic headache as “subtle” symptom in generalized idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Fanella Martina , Fattouch Jinane , Casciato Sara , Lapenta Leonardo , Morano Alessandra , Egeo Gabriella , Manfredi Mario , Prencipe Massimiliano , Giallonardo Anna Teresa , Di Bonaventura Carlo 
Published: February 2012

SummaryEpilepsy and migraine are common neurologic chronic disorders with episodic manifestations characterized by recurrent attacks and a return to baseline conditions between attacks. Epilepsy and migraine are frequently observed in comorbidity, with the occurrence of one disorder increasing the probability of the other: Migraine occurs in about one‐fourth of patients with epilepsy, whereas epilepsy is present in 8–15% of patients with migraine. The link between headache and seizures is controversial and multifactorial. In epilepsy, headache can be seen as a preictal, ictal, or postictal phenomenon. In this report, we describe a case of a 37‐year‐old patient, affected by both drug‐resistant generalized idiopathic epilepsy and headache, who displayed the sudden onset of a headache attack referred during a 24‐h electroencephalography (EEG). The EEG tracing during this event revealed the activation of subcontinuous epileptic activity consisting of generalized spike‐wave discharges (GSWDs) and generalized polyspike and wave discharges (GPSWDs) that persisted for 60 min, that is, until the disappearance of the headache. The case we describe appears to be original in that it represents one of the few EEG‐documented ictal epileptic headaches in generalized idiopathic epilepsy.