bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PL02-03: Cancer risk stratification through biophotonic detection of field carcinogenesis
Authors: Roy Hemant K. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
One of the major hurdles for population screening for cancer is the low prevalence of disease (generally significantly less than 10%) in the target population. Devising an accurate, minimally-intrusive risk-stratification technique is therefore of paramount importance for efficacious population screening. Our group has developed a suite of light-scattering technologies that allow quantification of subtle micro/nanoscale architecture consequences of the well-established genetic/epigenetic alterations of field carcinogenesis. These occur in the microscopically normal mucosa as the particle sizes (e.g., ribosomes, mitochondria, macromolecular complexes) are below the diffraction limit of light (∼0.5 microns). We have used these techniques to interrogate easily accessible surrogate sites for cancer risk assessment. For instance, using a fiberoptic probe inserted into the rectum can sense the risk of advanced adenomas with ∼90% accuracy. Furthermore, buccal swabs have been shown to discriminate between smokers with and without lung cancer with excellent performance. This paradigm may exist for a number of cancer types (esophageal, ovarian, pancreas, etc.) thereby providing a broad platform for population prescreening.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):PL02-03.
Abstract PL04-04: Altered gene expression patterns in phenotypically normal cells from individuals heterozygous for mutations in tumor suppressor genes: Identification of candidate biomarkers of cancer risk
Authors: Bellacosa Alfonso 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In an effort to identify the earliest molecular changes in tumorigenesis, we analyzed the gene and protein expression profile of morphologically normal epithelial cells bearing a single-hit in a tumor suppressor gene. This approach is based on the hypothesis that, while biallelic inactivation of the gatekeeper tumor suppressor gene is necessary to initiate tumorigenesis of a given target epithelium, heterozygous mutations of this gene might be associated with initial molecular alterations (preinitiation) present in the morphologically “normal” mucosa. In turn, the altered mRNA and protein expression repertoire of single-hit cells may identify targets for measures that could delay or even prevent progression to carcinoma.
We studied four different sites: breast, ovary (predisposing genotypes: BRCA1 and BRCA2), kidney (predisposing genotypes: VHL and TSC1/2), and colon (predisposing genotype: APC).
Our comparisons of epithelial cells from tumor suppressor gene mutation-carriers and controls identified multiple changes in gene expression, that were independently validated by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Several of the differentially expressed genes had been previously proposed as cancer markers, including mammaglobin in breast cancer and serum amyloid in ovarian cancer. These findings demonstrate that heterozygosity for a mutant tumor suppressor gene can alter the expression profiles of phenotypically normal epithelial cells in a gene-specific manner; these detectable effects of “one-hit” represent early molecular changes in tumorigenesis that may serve as novel biomarkers of cancer risk and as targets for chemoprevention.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):PL04-04.
A Numerical Study of Clear-Air Turbulence (CAT) Encounters over South Korea on 2 April 2007
Authors: Kim Jung-Hoon , Chun Hye-Yeong 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
On 2 April 2007, nine cases of moderate-or-greater-level clear-air turbulence (CAT) were observed from pilot reports over South Korea during the 6.5 h from 0200 to 0830 UTC. Those CAT events occurred in three different regions of South Korea: the west coast, Jeju Island, and the eastern mountain areas. The characteristics and possible mechanisms of the CAT events in the different regions are investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The simulation consists of six nested domains focused on the Korean Peninsula, with the finest horizontal grid spacing of 0.37 km. The simulated wind and temperature fields in a 30-km coarse domain are in good agreement with those of the Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) analysis data of the Korean Meteorological Administration and observed soundings of operational radiosondes over South Korea. In synoptic features, an upper-level front associated with strong meridional temperature gradients is intensified, and the jet stream passing through the central part of the Korean Peninsula exceeds 70 m s−1. Location and timing of the observed CAT events are reproduced in the finest domains of the simulated results in three different regions. Generation mechanisms of the CAT events revealed in the model results are somewhat different in the three regions. In the west coast area, the tropopause is deeply folded down to about z = 4 km because of the strengthening of an upper-level front, and the maximized vertical wind shear below the jet core produces localized turbulence. In the Jeju Island area, localized mixing and turbulence are generated on the anticyclonic shear side of the enhanced jet, where inertial instability and ageostrophic flow are intensified in the lee side of the convective system. In the eastern mountain area, large-amplitude gravity waves induced by complex terrain propagate vertically and subsequently break down over the lee side of topography, causing localized turbulence. For most of the CAT processes considered, except for the mountain-wave breaking, standard NWP resolutions of tens of kilometers are adequate to capture the CAT events.
Linear Stability Analysis of Runge–Kutta-Based Partial Time-Splitting Schemes for the Euler Equations
Authors: Baldauf Michael 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
For atmospheric simulation models with resolutions from about 10 km to the subkilometer cloud-resolving scale, the complete nonhydrostatic compressible Euler equations are often used. An important integration technique for them is the time-splitting (or split explicit) method. This article presents a comprehensive numerical stability analysis of Runge–Kutta (RK)-based partial time-splitting schemes. To this purpose a linearized two-dimensional (2D) compressible Euler system containing advection (as the slow process), sound, and gravity wave terms (as fast processes) is considered. These processes are the most important ones in limiting stability. First, the detailed stability properties are discussed with regard to several off-centering weights for each fast process described by horizontally explicit, vertically implicit schemes. Then the stability properties of the temporally and spatially discretized three-stage RK scheme for the complete 2D Euler equations and their stabilization (e.g., by divergence damping) are discussed. The main goal is to find optimal values for all of the occurring numerical parameters to guarantee stability in operational model applications. Furthermore, formal orders of temporal truncation errors for the time-splitting schemes are calculated. With the same methodology, two alternatives to the three-stage RK method, a so-called RK3-TVD method, and a new four-stage, second-order RK method are inspected.
The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Organized Convective Structures over the Northeast and Their Ambient Conditions
Authors: Lombardo Kelly A. , Colle Brian A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Organized convective structures over the northeastern United States were classified for two warm seasons (May–August) using 2-km composite radar [i.e., the National Operational Weather Radar (NOWrad)] data. Nine structures were identified: three types of cellular convection (clusters of cells, isolated cells, and broken lines), five types of linear convection (lines with no stratiform precipitation, lines with trailing stratiform precipitation, lines with parallel stratiform precipitation, lines with leading stratiform precipitation, and bow echoes), and one nonlinear system. The occurrence of all structures decreases from the western Appalachian slopes eastward to the Atlantic coast. Isolated cellular convection forms primarily during the morning to late afternoon (1200–2100 UTC) mainly over the high terrain. Clusters of cells form primarily over the Appalachians and the Atlantic coastal plain during the daytime (1200–0000 UTC). Linear convection is favored from midafternoon to early evening (1800–0000 UTC) over land areas. Nonlinear systems develop mainly from midafternoon to late evening (1800–0600 UTC) over the inland areas and over the coastal zone during the early morning (∼1200 UTC).
Composites using the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) highlight the ambient conditions for three main convective structures: cellular, linear, and nonlinear. Cellular convection initiates with limited quasigeostrophic forcing and moderate instability [i.e., average most unstable CAPE (MUCAPE) ∼973 J kg−1]. A majority of cells develop in orographically favored upslope areas. Linear convection organizes along surface troughs, supported by 900-hPa frontogenesis and an average ambient MUCAPE of ∼1011 J kg−1. Nonlinear convection organizes along warm fronts associated with larger-scale baroclinic systems, and the MUCAPE is relatively small (∼207 J kg−1).
Monotonic Limiters for a Second-Order Finite-Volume Advection Scheme Using Icosahedral-Hexagonal Meshes
Authors: Mittal Rashmi , Skamarock William C. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
An assessment of a recently developed (by Miura) second-order numerical advection scheme for icosahedral-hexagonal grids on the sphere is presented, and the effects of monotonic limiters that can be used with the scheme are examined. The cases address both deformational and nondeformational flow and continuous and discontinuous advected quantities; they include solid-body rotation of a cosine bell and slotted cylinder, and moving dynamic vortices. The limiters of Zalesak, Dukowicz and Kodis, and Thuburn are tested within this numerical scheme. The Zalesak and Thuburn limiters produce solutions with similar accuracy, and the Thuburn limiter, while computationally less expensive per time step, results in more stringent stability conditions for the overall scheme. The Dukowicz limiter is slightly more diffusive than the other two, but it costs the least.
Seeking Consensus: A New Approach
Authors: Roebber Paul J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Simulated evolution is used to generate consensus forecasts of next-day minimum temperature for a site in Ohio. The evolved forecast algorithm logic is interpretable in terms of physics that might be accounted for by experienced forecasters, but the logic of the individual algorithms that form the consensus is unique. As a result, evolved program consensus forecasts produce substantial increases in forecast accuracy relative to forecast benchmarks such as model output statistics (MOS) and those from the National Weather Service (NWS). The best consensus produces a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.98°F on an independent test dataset, representing a 27% improvement relative to MOS. These results translate to potential annual cost savings for electricity production in the state of Ohio of the order of $2 million relative to the NWS forecasts. Perfect forecasts provide nearly $6 million in additional annual electricity production cost savings relative to the evolved program consensus.
The frequency of outlier events (forecast busts) falls from 24% using NWS to 16% using the evolved program consensus. Information on when busts are most likely can be provided through a logistic regression equation with two variables: forecast wind speed and the deviation of the NWS minimum temperature forecast from persistence. A forecast of a bust is 4 times more likely to be correct than wrong, suggesting some utility in anticipating the most egregious forecast errors. Discussion concerning the probabilistic applications of evolved programs, the application of this technique to other forecast problems, and the relevance of these findings to the future role of human forecasting is provided.
Making development more ‘fit for purpose’
Authors: Gruber Janet 
Published: January 2011

The ‘Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness’ addressed the roles of donor and recipient country governments in the achievement of development that is more ‘fit for purpose’. This article considers progress on its implementation, specific to engagement with civil society. It is argued that such engagement has not been adequately addressed. Core ethical issues remain unanswered. Who is development for? What should be its objectives? Why should civil society actors continue to engage in development that remains unfit for purpose in terms of achieving desirable outcomes? Who should decide on priorities and who should evaluate activities so as to achieve an honest appraisal of outcomes? Whose voices matter most, and to whom should donor and recipient country governments be accountable?
Successful sustained engraftment after reduced-intensity umbilical cord blood transplantation for adult patients with severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Yamamoto Hisashi , Kato Daisuke , Uchida Naoyuki , Ishiwata Kazuya , Araoka Hideki , Takagi Shinsuke , Nakano Nobuaki , Tsuji Masanori , Asano-Mori Yuki , Matsuno Naofumi , Masuoka Kazuhiro , Izutsu Koji , Wake Atsushi , Yoneyama Akiko , Makino Shigeyoshi , Taniguchi Shuichi 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We retrospectively analyzed 12 consecutive adult severe aplastic anemia patients who received unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation after a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen (RI-UCBT). The conditioning regimen consisted of 125 mg/m2 fludarabine, 80 mg/m2 melphalan, and 4 Gy of total body irradiation. The median infused total nucleated cell number and CD34+ cell number were 2.50 × 107/kg and 0.76 × 105/kg, respectively. Eleven of the 12 patients achieved primary neutrophil and platelet engraftment. All patients who achieved engraftment had complete hematologic recovery with complete donor chimerism, except for one patient who developed late graft failure 3 years after RI-UCBT. Two of the 12 patients died of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, and the remaining 10 patients are alive, having survived for a median of 36 months. Our encouraging results indicate that RI-UCBT may become a viable therapeutic option for adult severe aplastic anemia patients who lack suitable human leukocyte antigen-matched donors and fail immunosuppressive therapy.
Antibiotic prescribing for adults with acute cough/lower respiratory tract infection: congruence with guidelines
Authors: Wood J. , Butler C.C. , Hood K. , Kelly M.J. , Verheij T. , Little P. , Torres A. , Blasi F. , Schaberg T. , Goossens H. , Nuttall J. , Coenen S. 
Published: January 2011

European guidelines for treating acute cough/lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) aim to reduce nonevidence-based variation in prescribing, and better target and increase the use of first-line antibiotics. However, their application in primary care is unknown. We explored congruence of both antibiotic prescribing and antibiotic choice with European Respiratory Society (ERS)/European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guidelines for managing LRTI.The present study was an analysis of prospective observational data from patients presenting to primary care with acute cough/LRTI. Clinicians recorded symptoms on presentation, and their examination and management. Patients were followed up with self-complete diaries.1,776 (52.7%) patients were prescribed antibiotics. Given patients’ clinical presentation, clinicians could have justified an antibiotic prescription for 1,915 (71.2%) patients according to the ERS/ESCMID guidelines. 761 (42.8%) of those who were prescribed antibiotics received a first-choice antibiotic (i.e.tetracycline or amoxicillin). Ciprofloxacin was prescribed for 37 (2.1%) and cephalosporins for 117 (6.6%).A lack of specificity in definitions in the ERS/ESCMID guidelines could have enabled clinicians to justify a higher rate of antibiotic prescription. More studies are needed to produce specific clinical definitions and indications for treatment. First-choice antibiotics were prescribed to the minority of patients who received an antibiotic prescription.
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 1-Heteroarylalkanols by Asymmetric Esterification Using Diphenylacetic Acid with Pivalic Anhydride and a Chiral Acyl-transfer Catalyst
Authors: Shiina Isamu , Ono Keisuke , Nakata Kenya 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
A variety of optically active 1-heteroarylalkanols and their esters, which include heteroaromatic moieties, such as 2-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-thiazoyl, 2-benzothiazoyl, and 2-benzoxazoyl groups, are efficiently produced by a novel asymmetric esterification. The transition states that form the desired (R)-esters from the (R)-1-heteroarylalkanols are determined by DFT calculations, and the structural features of these transition states are systematically discussed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rothwell Geoffrey 
Published: January 2011

Too Cheap to Meter: An Economic and Philosophical Analysis of the Nuclear Dream. By Steven Mark Cohn. Series in Radial and Social Political Thoery. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997. Pp. xvii, 467. $21.95, paper. ISBN 0–7914–3389–7, cloth; 0–7914–3390–0, pbk. JEL 98–0621
Book Reviews
Authors: Appelbaum Eileen 
Published: January 2011

Shopfloor Matters: Labor–Management Relations in Twentieth-Century American Manufacturing. By David Fairris. Studies in Business Organizations and Networks, Vol. 5. London and New York: Routledge, 1997. Pp. xiii, 234. $65.00 ISBN 0–415–12123–X. JEL 98–0660
Book Reviews
Authors: Weber Christian E 
Published: January 2011

Money and General Equilibrium Theory: From Walras to Pareto (1870–1923). By Pascal Bridel. Cheltenham, U.K. and Lyme, NH: Elgar; distributed by American International Distribution Corporation, Williston, VT. 1997. Pp. xiii, 197. $80.00. ISBN 1–85898–623–0. JEL 98–0448
Book Reviews
Authors: Ryall M. D 
Published: January 2011

Barriers and Bounds to Rationality: Essays on Economic Complexity and Dynamics in Interactive Systems. By Peter S. Albin. Edited and with an introduction by Duncan K. Foley. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1998. Pp. 255. $35.00. ISBN 0–691–02676–9. JEL 98–1300
Synthesis, structure and properties of Nd2BC containing the trans-dibora–(1,3)-butadiene [C=B–B=C]8–-unit
Authors: Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Köhler Jürgen , Mattausch Hansjürgen , Simon Arndt 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The crystal structure of Nd2BC, synthesized by arc melting of the element mixture, repeated in a high frequency furnace and subsequent annealing at 1070 K, has been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in a new structure type in the monoclinic space group C2/m (a = 12.732(2) Å, b = 3.6848(4) Å, c = 9.398(2) Å, β = 130.43(1)°, R1 = 0.038 (wR2 = 0.091) for 596 reflections with I
o > 2σ (I
o)). Characteristic building units are C—B—B—C entities with the distances d
C—B = 1.51(2) Å and d
B—B = 1.65(2) Å. These units are embedded in a framework of neodymium atoms resulting from the stacking of slightly corrugated two-dimensional square nets of Nd. Within the ionic limit Nd2BC can be described as (Nd2+)4[C—B—B—C]8– or (Nd3+)4[CBBC]8– · 4 e– with [C=B—B=C]8– units, which are isoelectronic to 1,3-butadiene. The measured magnetic moment of 3.65μ
B per Nd atom in Nd2BC is in good agreement with the expected value of 3.62μ
B for 4f3 configuration. LMTO band structure calculations show that Nd2BC is metallic and the extra electrons occupy mainly bonding Nd-5d and antibonding π* states within the C—B—B—C units.
Catch Data Reported by Telephone Avoid Public Access Bias in a Marine Recreational Survey
Authors: Ashford Julian , Jones Cynthia , Fegley Lynn , O'Reilly Robert 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMarine recreational surveys often intercept fishers at public access sites to address identification error and recall bias in data reported by telephone, then calculate catch as the product of the effort reported by telephone and the catch rate recorded at public access sites. However, fishers using private access are left out of the public access frame. In a survey of the recreational catch of blue crabs Callinectes sapidus in Maryland and Virginia, we compared catch calculated using catch rates from public access surveys with catch estimated from catch data reported by telephone to see whether there was evidence of public access bias. We found no identification error by blue crab fishers. However, fishers interviewed by telephone reported that 61–83% of trips were made from private access sites, and relative to catch data reported by telephone the estimates of catch calculated using catch rates were at least 25–63% larger. Catch data reported by telephone followed a delta distribution and avoided (1) the cost of complementary public access surveys, (2) incompatibilities between the public access and telephone frames, and (3) inefficient estimators of variance. We suggest estimating catch using catch data reported by telephone and tested independently for identification and recall bias via a public access survey.
Aquatic Community Responses to Salmon Carcass Analog and Wood Bundle Additions in Restored Floodplain Habitats in an Alaskan Stream
Authors: Martin Aaron E. , Wipfli Mark S. , Spangler Robert E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLand use activities often directly and indirectly limit the capacity of freshwater habitats to produce fish. Consequently, habitat creation and enhancement actions are often undertaken to increase the quantity and quality of resources available to aquatic communities within these impaired systems, with the intent to increase fish production. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether aquatic community colonization and development could be accelerated through additions of woody debris bundles and marine‐derived nutrients (via salmon carcass analog pellets) and (2) measure how aquatic communities (biofilm, invertebrates, and fish) respond to these additions after the creation of off‐channel (alcove) fish habitat in a stream in south‐central Alaska. Biofilm, invertebrates, and juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were sampled in four treatments (control, wood, analog, and analog plus wood). Biofilm chlorophyll‐a concentrations were 4–10 times higher in analog‐enriched treatments than in the control and wood treatments. No treatment effects were detected in benthic invertebrate density; however, treatment differences were detected in coho salmon diets, with nearly twice the amount of invertebrate abundance and biomass (primarily various dipteran, ephemeropteran, and plecopteran larvae) in the analog and analog plus wood treatments compared with the control and wood treatments. Juvenile coho salmon density and biomass were significantly higher in the wood treatment than in the analog plus wood treatment, and fish in the control showed possible signs of density‐dependent limitation. Further, body condition of juvenile coho salmon was highest in the two analog‐enriched treatments at the end of the study; juveniles in these habitats showed nearly two times the condition increase of fish inhabiting the control and wood treatment alcoves. These results demonstrate that the combination of salmon carcass analog and woody debris bundle additions aids in the short‐term development of aquatic communities in newly created off‐channel habitats, providing a boost in limited resources such as food and shelter.