bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High-dimensional Quaternion System-Based Method for Image Representation
Authors: He Xiu , Chen Yuyun , Zhang Lina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

For centuries, the decimal number system always was dominant until the advent of digital computers, which brought the binary and other number systems into the spotlight. Nowadays, digital images represented in the computer are often to
use the binary form and they are presented the decimal form at the processing end. Except them, other numeral systems for image representation are also worth exploring. In addition, quaternion, as a high-dimensional mathematical tool, is
widely used in image processing. However, the current mainstream quaternion representation is only applicable to color image processing, and its applicability is limited. Hence, the paper introduces a novel quaternion numeral system for image representation, which is suitable not for color image but also for grayscale image. The representation scheme converts the traditional two-dimensional array representation of one image into a higher four-dimensional space. Then, some properties of the quaternion can be applied to image analysis and processing. Experiments show that the proposed representation method can retain the essence of the original image reversibly and losslessly. Furthermore, some potential image applications, such as image encryption and image scrambling, are demonstrated that the proposed method has an practical research value in image security.
Computation of Wiener and Hyper Wiener Indices in Several B-Complex Vitamins
Authors: Greeta T. , Jayalalitha G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

B vitamins are crucial for the proper functioning of our body. Vitamin B complex, comprising eight essential vitamins, supports growth and sustains energy levels. Graph theory aids chemists in systematically molecular modeling structures and reactions. Topological indices serve as mathematical descriptors, analyzing physicochemical properties. In this work, four B complex Vitamins—B1, B2, B3, and B6—are examined. The investigation centers on utilizing the distance matrix. It computes both the Wiener Index and Hyper Wiener Index, providing valuable perceptions toward the structural attributes of these vitamins. The outcomes of these metrics are systematically compared with the respective molecular weights of the vitamins. This comparison offers a comprehensive understanding of their chemical characteristics. It delves into the relationship among the structural features, topological indices, and molecular weights of essential B-complex vitamins. This paper explores enhancing our understanding of their biochemical roles and potential applications in health and medicine.
Polydopamine Surface Engineering of Iron Single-Atom Nanozyme: a Novel Strategy for Doxorubicin Immobilization, Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling and Synergistic Multimodel Therapy
Authors: Liu Meiling , Liu Jing , Wang Minjuan , Chen Haoyu , Yang Xing , Wei Mingjie , Wang Xingfeng , Shan Shigang , Zhu Xiaohua , Zhang Youyu , Yao Shouzhuo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The variation in tumor microenvironment, specifically the levels of cellular H2O2/O2/GSH, plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of cancer therapy in nanozyme-drug systems. In this study, bioinspired polydopamine was utilized to surface engineer the rhombic dodecahedron morphology iron-based SANzyme (Fe SANzyme), which exhibited multiple mimetic activities including oxidase (OXD)-like, peroxidase (POD)-like, catalase (CAT)-like, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activities. The Fe SAN-PDA was intricately designed as a nanoplatform for drug immobilization, remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enabling synergistic multimodal tumor therapy. The presence of abundant quinone structures on PDA surface facilitated the creation of a conductive microenvironment for the immobilization of doxorubicin (DOX) through Michael addition/Schiff base reaction. The Fe SAN-PDA@DOX can catalyze high level of H2O2 in TME to produce oxygen and alleviate hypoxia, convert the produced oxygen to the toxic ·OH, and deplete intracellular glutathione. Coating with hyaluronic acid (HA) enhanced the biocompatibility and targeting ability of the composite. The exceptional photothermal performance of Fe SAN-PDA@DOX@HA, combined with the nanozyme catalysis, resulted in sustained chemodynamic/photothermal/ chemotherapy is achieved in a mouse mammary carcinoma model. This research highlights the synergistic therapeutic effects resulting from the combination of the multi-enzymatic activities of Fe SAN with multifunctional PDA, offering a novel a novel strategy for doxorubicin immobilization, tumor microenvironment remodeling and synergistic multimodal therapy.
Modify Mistral Large Performance with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) on the BIG-Bench Dataset
Authors: Fujiwara Haruka , Kimura Renta , Nakano Tokuniki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) provides a resource-efficient method for fine-tuning large language models, addressing significant computational challenges. Implementing LoRA in the Mistral Large model significantly enhances its performance across a range of complex tasks. The evaluation conducted on the BIG-Bench dataset reveals substantial improvements in accuracy, precision, recall, and perplexity, highlighting the effectiveness of LoRA in optimizing large language models. By focusing on low-rank approximations, LoRA reduces the computational burden of fine-tuning, enabling efficient adaptation without compromising performance. The empirical results demonstrate that the LoRA-adapted model excels in mathematical problem-solving, creative text generation, and common sense reasoning, making it a practical and scalable solution for diverse AI applications. Additionally, the integration of LoRA facilitates seamless implementation with existing transformer architectures, ensuring compatibility and efficiency. The study emphasizes the transformative potential of LoRA to drive significant advancements in natural language processing, providing a resource-efficient method for model adaptation that ultimately enhances the capabilities and applicability of AI systems across various domains. By addressing the challenges of computational resources and adaptation efficiency, LoRA paves the way for more robust and versatile applications of large language models in real-world scenarios.
Irritable Personality Trait and Type of Antidepressant Prescribed Moderates the Association between genotypes of HTR1A-rs6295 or HTR2A-rs6311 with Treatment Response.
Authors: Badamasi Ibrahim Mohammed , Lye Munn Sann , Ibrahim Normala , Razaq Nurul Asyikin Abdul , Ling King Hwa , Stanslas Johnson 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Currently, empiric treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) relies on the characteristics of the presenting patients.
Aim
The aim of the current study was to identify moderators for the association of SSRI treatment efficacy response phenotype with genotypes of HTR1A-rs6295 or HTR2A-rs6311 polymorphism in a population of MDD patients.
Methodology
The study included 300 patients with MDD. The assessment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) treatment response was based on 50% reduction in the depressive score obtained within 6 weeks of treatment onset on the Montgomery asberg depression rating scale (MADRS-S) for each patient recruited in the psychiatric clinics of the four tertiary hospitals in the Klang valley region of Malaysia.
Result
The study population was made up of young adults (median age = 37.00years), mostly females (67.1%) with no family history of psychiatric illness (73.4%). MDD patients with the GA genotype for the HTR2A-rs6311 polymorphism and received escitalopram antidepressant were significantly (over-dominant model; P = 0.019, OR = 0.114 (0.019–0.701)) less likely to respond to treatment. The CG + GG genotype of HTR1A-rs6295 gene polymorphism was associated with significantly (recessive model: P = 0.019, OR = 0.146 (0.026–0.733)) reduced likelihood of responding to antidepressant treatment among the MDD patients with the irritability personality trait.
Conclusion
The association between the CG genotype of the HTR1A-rs6295 with poor SSRI treatment response is elaborated among patients that have an irritable personality. The role of medication type in determining the direction of association between genotype of the HTR2A-rs6311 with treatment response identified in the literature was also revalidated in the current study.
Impact of Storage Duration on Polyphenolic Composition, Biological Activities, and Biodegradation of Olive Mill Wastewater
Authors: Gueboudji Zakia , Kadi Kenza , Nagaz Kamel , Mahmoudi Maher , Bouhamda Talel , Addad Dalila , Yahya Leila Ben , Lachehib Belgacem 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of storage duration on olive mill wastewater (OMW) quality and biological properties. Among two various olive varieties, Abani exhibited the highest phenolic compound concentration after 12 months of storage. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis identified 28 OMW constituents, with kampherol as the major one, and rosmarinic acid detected for the first time. Results showed significant differences in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities among samples. The inhibition of protein denaturation (IPD) test yielded the best value after 1 month for Abani OMW, while membrane-stabilizing potential (MSP) test values were highest after 12 months for the same variety. Anticoagulant activity, measured by activating partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT), significantly varied with storage time, with the most favorable values found in Zlitni OMW immediately after olive oil extraction. These findings illuminate OMW changes over time, bearing significance for OMW management and potential applications.
The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation in the Effect of Rational Decision-Making on Academic Procrastination
Authors: Işıkgöz Mustafa Enes 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that several psychological factors commonly found in students are associated with academic procrastination. In this study, the effects of rational decision-making and intrinsic motivation on the mechanisms of academic procrastination in college students were investigated. In this context, data were collected from 689 (383 male and 306 female) students enrolled in physical education and sports at universities in Turkey using rational decision-making, academic procrastination, and intrinsic motivation scales. The results showed that students' intrinsic motivation positively influences rational decision-making and negatively influences academic procrastination behavior. In addition, intrinsic motivation has a negative influence on academic procrastination behavior. On the other hand, intrinsic motivation plays a mediating role between rational decision-making and academic procrastination behavior with a high degree of effectiveness. The effect of intrinsic motivation on the effect of rational decision-making on academic procrastination behavior is 45.2%. Thus, intrinsic motivation indirectly and significantly offsets the negative effects of students' rational decision-making on academic procrastination behavior. Since the results of the study are not only scientifically but also practically important, the analytical relationship between students' decision-making styles and academic procrastination behavior as well as the necessary predictions for all motivational components underlying procrastination leading to academic failure should be made.
Ascorbic Acid Supplementation and Immune Response in Healthy Women during High-intensity Exercise
Authors: Bunpo Piyawan , Sirirungsee Vissuta , Puangin Arissara 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
the benefits of consuming extra Ascorbic Acid (AA) while exercising are not well understood.

Aim
This study aims to explore the effects of AA supplementation on oxidative stress, the immunological response, and inflammation in healthy women after a single bout of high-intensity exercise.

Materials and Methods
In a crossover design, 20 sedentary women (aged 18-22) underwent 30 minutes of vigorous cycling. They were divided into two groups: one receiving daily 1,000 mg ascorbic acid supplementation (1,000AA) and the other without supplementation (0AA). This regimen was maintained for one week. Blood samples obtained pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 24 hours post-exercise underwent analysis for oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, and neutrophil phagocytic activity.

Results
An AA supplement significantly increased plasma concentrations of AA (p<0.05) and reduced post-exercise plasma MDA levels (p<0.05) but did not affect creatine kinase activity. White blood cells, CD8+ T cells, and IL-6 increased significantly after exercise but remained unchanged in the 1,000AA group compared to the 0AA group, while the neutrophil count increased (p<0.05) after exercise with no change in phagocytic function. A slight drop in phagocytic function was observed 24 hours after exercise in the 1,000AA group. Exercise and AA supplements had no effect on CD4+ T cells.

Conclusion
a single session of high-intensity exercise caused oxidative stress, muscle injury, and inflammation, as well as a transient increase in CD8+ T cells. A short administration of AA attenuated the exercise-induced oxidative stress and reduced inflammation by limiting the increase in IL-6 and CD8+ T cells.
Performance Analysis of Approximate Parallel Prefix Adders Realized with Field-programmable Gate Array Technology
Authors: Mahammad Masood Ahmad , Reddy Y. Praveen Kumar , Mallala Balasubbareddy , Prasad P. Venkata 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Parallel prefix adders are widely used in high-speed arithmetic circuits
due to their ability to perform additions in logarithmic time. However, the high area and delay of
exact parallel prefix adders prompted the development of approximate parallel prefix adders. These
adders are a promising solution for high-speed arithmetic circuits because they sacrifice accuracy
for reduced area and delay.

Methods:
This paper presents a performance analysis of five approximate parallel prefix adders
realized with field programmable gate array technology. The five approximate parallel prefix adders
are the Kogge-Stone adder, the Sklansky adder, the Brent-Kung adder, the Han-Carlson adder,
and the Ladner-Fisher. Each adder is implemented in a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA. The area and
delay of five approximate parallel prefix adders are evaluated. The Kogge-Stone approximate parallel
prefix adder, out of five approximate parallel prefix adders, consumes the least delay, irrespective
of the number of bits.

Results:
The Sklansky approximate parallel prefix adder out of five approximate parallel prefix
adders consumes the least area irrespective of the number of bits in addition. Overall, our research
sheds light on the trade-offs between area, power delay, and power delay products of five approximate
parallel prefix adders implemented with FPGA technology.

Conclusion:
This analysis can help choose the best approximate parallel prefix adder for specific
high-speed arithmetic applications. In the case of 16- and 32-bit five approximate parallel prefix
adders, Ladner-fisher shows the best power delay product, whereas 64- and 128-bit five approximate
parallel prefix adders, Sklansky adder shows the best power delay product.
Understanding Samaana Vaata in relation to the physiology of digestion
Authors: Bindu M Bhandari  , Krishnamurthy N  , Kochuthresia Jose  
Published: May 2024

Ayurveda is a way of life governed by the principle that whatever there is in the universe is there in the body also. The concept of Tridosha is one such theory which decides the well-being and the diseased condition of a human being. That is, when in equilibrium leads to health and when vitiated, leads to disease. Vaata being one of the Tridosha leads the other two Dosha, Mala, Dhatus as the wind carries the clouds in the sky. There are five types of Vaata, i.e., Prana, Udana, Samana, Vyana and Apana. Samaana, is situated near Jatharagni and moves all over the Koshta. The function of Samaana Vaata can be corelated with functions such as Grahana, Pachana, Vivechana, Munchana. The myenteric plexus, or plexus of Auerbach, is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis in gastrointestinal tract. The motor neurons of these plexus mostly control GI tract motility (movement), particularly the frequency and strength of contraction of the muscularis. This can be co-related to Karma of Samana Vata like Grahana, Munchana. The submucosal plexus, also known as Meissner’s plexus, is a network of autonomic motor nerve fibres located in the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. The motor neurons of the submucosal plexus supply the secretory cells of the mucosal epithelium, controlling the secretions and absorption of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. This can be co-related to Karma of Samana Vaata like Pachana, Vivechana. Hence this article is aimed at further exploration of these anatomical and physiological aspects.
Improving the Well-Being of People With Advanced Cancer and Their Family Caregivers: Protocol for an Effectiveness-Implementation Trial of a Dyadic Digital Health Intervention (FOCUSau)
Authors: Hudson Peter , Francis Jill , Cohen Joachim , Kapp Suzanne , De Abreu Lourenco Richard , Beatty Lisa , Gray Kathleen , Jefford Michael , Juraskova Ilona , Northouse Laurel , de Vleminck Aline , Chang Sungwon , Yates Patsy , Athan Sophy , Baptista Shaira , Klaic Marlena , Philip Jennifer 
Published: May 2024

Background
Advanced cancer significantly impacts patients’ and family caregivers’ quality of life. When patients and caregivers are supported concurrently as a dyad, the well-being of each person is optimized. Family, Outlook, Communication, Uncertainty, Symptom management (FOCUS) is a dyadic, psychoeducational intervention developed in the United States, shown to improve the well-being and quality of life of patients with advanced cancer and their primary caregivers. Originally, a nurse-delivered in-person intervention, FOCUS has been adapted into a self-administered web-based intervention for European delivery.

Objective
The aims of this study are to (1) adapt FOCUS to the Australian context (FOCUSau); (2) evaluate the effectiveness of FOCUSau in improving the emotional well-being and self-efficacy of patients with advanced cancer and their primary caregiver relative to usual care control group; (3) compare health care use between the intervention and control groups; and (4) assess the acceptability, feasibility, and scalability of FOCUSau in order to inform future maintainable implementation of the intervention within the Australian health care system.

Methods
FOCUS will be adapted prior to trial commencement, using an iterative stakeholder feedback process to create FOCUSau. To examine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of FOCUSau and assess its acceptability, feasibility, and scalability, we will undertake a hybrid type 1 implementation study consisting of a phase 3 (clinical effectiveness) trial along with an observational implementation study. Participants will include patients with cancer who are older than 18 years, able to access the internet, and able to identify a primary support person or caregiver who can also be approached for participation. The sample size consists of 173 dyads in each arm (ie, 346 dyads in total). Patient-caregiver dyad data will be collected at 3 time points—baseline (T0) completed prerandomization; first follow-up (T1; N=346) at 12 weeks post baseline; and second follow-up (T2) at 24 weeks post baseline.

Results
The study was funded in March 2022. Recruitment commenced in July 2024.

Conclusions
If shown to be effective, this intervention will improve the well-being of patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers, regardless of their location or current level of health care support.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06082128; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06082128

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/55252
Comparative Analysis of Evidentiality in Spoken and Written Academic Discourse
Authors: Wang Chenyuan , Li Jingjie 
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to explore the differences existing in the use of evidentiality in spoken and written academic discourse. Great differences are revealed in the occurrence frequency and linguistic forms of sub-types of evidentiality (shared evidentials, reporting evidentials and personal evidentials). Comparatively, writers demonstrate a proclivity towards employing shared and reporting evidentials and opting for linguistic forms conveying objectivity and discreetness due to the temporal and spatial distance inherent in the author-reader dynamic. Speakers tend to use personal evidentials to project a confident and positive self-image and display less stringent adherence to the verifiability of evidence sources because of the instantaneous nature of of (delete) speech and the interactive nature of oral communication with an audience.
Ecological risk evaluation of spent engine oil pollution using earthworm and microbial bioassays
Authors: Nnawuike Azorji John Paul , Udebuani Angela Chika , Chibuike Nwachukwu Udodi , Ekene Igwe Charles , Stanley Dike Kelechi , Odinaka Nzenwa Peter , Chukwuebuka Igbokwe Moses 
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to assess the ecotoxicological risk associated with the indiscriminate disposal of spent engine oil on terrestrial ecosystem using earthworm and microbial assays. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-20 cm and subjected to standard analytical protocols for analysis. Earthworms (assessed by mortality rate) and microorganisms (evaluated for inhibitory effects) covered a wide range of short-term lethal and sub-lethal endpoints used for risk characterization, analyzed through Probit analysis. The result of acute toxicity assay revealed that microbial absorbance rated depended on the dose and type of organism, ranking in the order: Acinetobacter > Enterobacter > Bacillus species >Pseudomonas. Aas oil concentratoin increase, mortality among earthworm was observed. Risk Quotient (RQ) values for Zea mays, Vigna unguiculata, Glycine max and earthworm varied from low to very high risk based on estimated Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) values. Microorganisms exhibited differing level of biotolerance to spent engine oil exposure as indicated by respective risk quotient values. Exposure to spent engine oil posed minimal risk to Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Acinetobacter sp., with RQ values below unity (< 1). Conversely, Enterobacter sp. Showed a high risk with values above unity. Earthworms play a pivotal role in agriculture due to their numerous economic benefots. Soil microorganisms are essential for maintening soil quality by performing vital processes. The antimicrobial properties of spent engine oil on soil may distort microbial activities, potentially inhibiting their growth and leading to alterations in ecological functionality of the soil.