bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Quality of Life in Medicine Students of Medical University of Zanjan (Iran) in Second Half of 2006
Authors: Shabani M. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:This study was done to determine the quality of life in medicine students according to the sex, residence, being native, marital status, being scholar, entrance share to the university, educational level and entrance year to the university in the second half of 2006.Method:It is a descriptive study that was done among medicine students of Zanjan"s medical university. Necessary data were extracted by distribution of QLQ questionnaire among the students. In this study, sample volume was 200 cases and sampling method was total sampling. The data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software.Results:In this research 200 medicine students, whose, entrance year to the university was 1999-2006, were studied. The highest quality of life was seen in students entered to the university in 2004 (105.1), married students (104.67), students in basic science level (99.7), scholar students (98.81), students residing outside of dormitory (96.95 (female students (94.81), students with free entrance share (93.35), and non-native students, respectively.Discussion and conclusion:According, to the analyzed data, the quality of life in medicine students of Zanjan medical university was in ‘intermediate level (93.19). The mean of quality of life in married students (104.67), scholar students (98.81) students residing outside of dormitory (96.95), female students (94.82), students with free entrance share (93.35) and non-native students was more than mean of other students. The most and least mean of score in scale fragments of QLQ questionnaire were related to the body health and parent - child relations, respectively.
Risk Assessment of Suicidality: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical Practices & Requirements for Patient’s Safety
Authors: Shrivastava A. 
Published: March 2009

Patients safety is of Paramount concern in clinical practice and administrative psychiatry. There is evidence of limitations in assessment of suicide for patients coming to services. Treatment of mental disorder in universally advocated for prevention of suicide as up to 90% suicides arise from mental illnesses. It is therefore important that patients who seek services are well looked after. Suicide behavior and suicidal ideation are with considerable risk for attempt of suicide. Suicidal ideation is common in about 4% in general population, in about 20% of psychiatric population & in about 60-70% of admissions in acute psychiatric wards. There are few tools available for risk assessment of such patients & almost always this is done based upon personal clinical judgment. The science of suicidology is constantly evolving with changing socio-cultural perspectives. Much more research is required in making judgments for suicidality.Available literature suggests three main domains for origin of suicidal ideas i.e. Biological domain, Psychological domain and Social-Environmental Domain. The suicidal ideas have constant interplay with risk factors present in the individual to give rise to suicidal thoughts, which become morbid. The cognitive set changes and cognitive control is lost which gives rise to an attempt. For an adequate risk assessment one needs to take into consideration the three domains and known risk factors against the background of suicide protectors. The paper discusses findings of a new tool: SIS-MAP (Scale for Impact of Suicidality: management, Assessment & planning of care) with objective to improvise assessment and patient's safety.
The Women who Heard Folk Portuguese Music in the Right Ear: A Case of Unilateral Musical Hallucinosis
Authors: Ferreira P. , Simões S. , Cerqueira J. , Soares-Fernandes J. , Machado Á. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Although probably undereported, musical hallucinosis is very rare and usually bilateral. It refers to auditory complex hallucinations, for which the patient has full insight, and includes melodies, tunes, rhythms and timbres.Clinical case:A 71-year-old women was seen for a history of hearing music in the right ear. She had mild hypertension and auricular fibrillation, being chronically medicated with aspirine, bisoprolol and hydroclorothiazide. Three months previously she started hearing some popular folk Portuguese songs in the right ear. She could identify the lyrics and sing the songs she heard. Weeks later fado and classical music were added to the repertoire, and later on she started hearing less well-formed sounds like “dlam... dlam” or “uhh... uhh”. There were no other auditory or visual hallucinations. She was seen by an otorhinolaryngologist, and made an audiogram showing bilateral, right-predominant, pre-coclear deafness with normal evoked brainstem auditory potentials. An MRI showed small deep subcortical lacunar lesions. EEG was normal. PET scan showed left temporal hypometabolism. On benzodiazepines she had discrete improvement.Conclusion:Musical hallucinosis has been found mainly in deaf patients, and a similar mechanism to that of Charles-Bonnet syndrome has been proposed. Sensory deprivation of primary auditory cortex would “release” the secondary auditory cortex, to produce complex auditory hallucinations with full insight. In our patient we were able to demonstrate the integrity of the brainstem pathway, supporting a direct link between diminished right ear sound transmission and left temporal lobe diminished activation as ascertained by the pet scan.
A New Methodology of Assessing Adult Attachment: Exploring its Validity and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Sochos A. , Smith S. , Davies H. , Heidel V. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Attachment research has provided useful concepts towards an interpersonal approach to psychopathology. Although it suggests that psychological processes are defined by three relational dichotomies (self vs. other, relatedness vs. autonomy, and dependent vs. dependent-on positions), it has not yet assessed separately and simultaneously the eight components generated by the intersection of these dichotomies (e.g. self requesting relatedness, self providing relatedness etc). The aim of the present research was to investigate the validity and potential clinical usefulness of such a neglected approach.Methods:In Study 1, thirty Cognitive Analytic Therapy outpatients at Guy's Hospital, London, were interviewed before treatment on their couple relationships and filled out the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). A content-analytic method was applied to the transcripts. In Study 2, a new attachment questionnaire was completed by 400 undergraduates, along with the BSI and IIP.Results:In Study 1, at a six-month follow-up, BSI scores were predicted by the Self Requests Autonomy [R Sq = .29, F(1,23) = 10.84, p = .003] and the Other Provides Closeness [R Sq = .23, F(1,23) = 9.72, p=.001] attachment dimensions, while IIP scores were predicted by Self Provides Support [R Sq = .11, F(1,23) = 7.87, p=.003]. In Study 2, factor analysis yielded eight components matching the theoretical expectations and correlating with BSI and IIP scores (rs ranging from .18 to.41).Conclusions:The present findings provide some preliminary support for the validity and potential clinical relevance of the method.
Effect of Co Morbid Psychiatric Disorders on Response to Methyl-Phenidate in ADHD Children
Authors: Soltanifar A. , Gharavi M. Modares , Mashhadi A. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is relatively common in children and has many co morbidities. Some studies have shown that co morbidities especially anxiety disorders may affect the response to stimulant medication. The object of this study was to investigate the relation of children's response to methyl-phenidate with their co morbid psychiatric disorders.Method:The sample included fifty 6 to 12 years old children with ADHD referred to Dr.Sheikh clinic of child psychiatry in Mashhad (north-east of Iran). The diagnoses were made by a child psychiatrist based on the DSM-IV -TR criteria, using clinical interview and K-SADS. ADHD children received methyl-phenidate for 4 weeks. ADHD- rating scales were completed by mothers and teachers of children before the treatment and after 4 weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS -16 and statistical tests including chi-square and t-test.Results:The mean age of ADHD children was 8.7 years old. Most of the patients (74%) were boys. In 32 patients (64%) at least one co morbid psychiatric disorder was found. Anxiety disorders were the most common co morbidity of ADHD (in 56% of patients). Co morbid disorders did not have a significant affect on response to medication in ADHD children (P>0.05).Conclusion:In the present study disruptive behavior and anxiety disorders were the most common co morbidities in ADHD children. Presence of co morbid disorders including anxiety disorders did not change the response to methyl -phenidate.
Interaction of Psychological and Neurobiological Risk Factors in the Background of Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Szkaliczki A. , Álmos P.Z. , Andó B. , Krivek E. , Kálmán J. , Janka Z. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Many studies investigated social, psychological, existential and environmental risk factors in the background of suicidal behavior, while recent researches put emphasis on the neurobiological basis by revealing impairments in decision-making related to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In this ongoing study we aimed to integrate these approaches with examining the correlating factors of personality character traits, impulsivity and the function of ventromedial cortex.Methods:30 suicide attempters and 28 controls participated in our study. Data regarding the act of suicide, previous attempts, personal and family history, current medication and general health state were recorded. All participants received Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) and they were asked to perform the computerized version of Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).Results:Suicide attempters scored significantly higher on BIS. They achieved significantly higher harm avoidance and transcendence scores and lower self-directedness, social deviance and cooperation scores on TCI (p< 0.05). Suicide attempters selected less advantageous desks on both reward and punishment sensitive tasks of IGT (p< 0.05). Significant correlation was found between novelty-seeking personality trait and punishment sensitivity (p< 0.05).Conclusion:Our study supports the previous findings regarding the impairment of ventromedial cortex in the background of suicidal behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrated relation between this alteration and specific personality traits of suicide patients. This approach may shed light on the interaction of psychological and neurobiological risk factors.
PIRAMHIDS - Positive and Innovative Resources. A Mental Health Interactive Database (Scotland) National Resource for Sharing Evidence Based Practice
Authors: Thomson D. 
Published: March 2009

PIRAMHIDS is a multidisciplinary, multi agency database designed as a vehicle to promote and support the sharing of positive and innovative practice in mental health that is evidence based and quality assured. The use of technology as an information-sharing tool contributes to improved patient care by promoting an improved equitable service throughout Scotland and beyond.The resource promotes a culture of local ownership of a national resource and encourages contribution from statutory and non statutory services. Consideration is given to the quality of submission in terms of identifying underpinning evidence and quality assurance processes. Networking opportunities are also promoted by encouraging contact with contributors from those considering adopting the examples of practice or developing services.The Practice Development Unit of NHS Quality Improvement Scotland is leading this work following recommendation from the National Review of Mental Health Nursing in Scotland, ‘Rights, Relationships and Recovery’ (2006). The database ensures sharing of evidence based practice in a manner which is useful, accessible and user friendly with open access to all. Initial response is enthusiastic from service users, clinicians and educators. This model of sharing practice may be adopted across any national service and have value when sharing practice on an international plane. A process of evaluation including impact on care outcomes is considered and ongoing.
Alexithymia Association with Chronic Prostatitis
Authors: Moussas G. , Tsiodras S. , Gourgoulis G.-M. , Panagopoulos P. , Korkoliakou P. , Christodoulou C. , Sympardi S. , Paraschakis A. , Fineti K. , Giamarellou H. , Lykouras L. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Chronic prostatitis has been long considered a psychosomatic illness, however the psychological profile of patients suffering from it, has not been fully elucidated yet.Methods:Patients diagnosed with chronic prostatitis at a tertiary care ID clinic are evaluated for the presence of alexithymia, with the use of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, as part of a prospective cohort. Patients were categorized according to the NIH Consensus Classification System for Prostatitis Category. Association of psychiatric symptoms with prostatitis category was performed.Results:Preliminary results are reported for 30 patients (median age 43 years old; IQR= 36-52). According to the NIH Prostatitis Classification System patients were categorized as type II : 48.2%, type IIIa: 6.9 %, type IIIb: 38%, type IV: 6.9%. Median CPSI score was 16 (IQR: 11-25). Abnormal TAS score was noted in 72% of the population. Specifically, 90% had high scores in external orientation of emotions, 25% in identification of emotions and 38% showed reduced expression of emotions. It is of notice, that mean TAS scores were significantly higher in type IIIa prostatitis cases (p=0.002, ANOVA).Conclusions:High rates of alexithymia were noted in prostatitis subjects especially in type IIIa cases. These findings need further prospective evaluation.
The Impact of Psychosocial Factors on Self-Reported Reading Difficulties in a Large Representative Population Sample
Authors: Undheim A.M. , Sund A.M. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships in early adolescence between self-reported reading difficulties (RD) and psychosocial and socio-demographic factors in a large representative population sample of 2464 adolescents (50.8% girls) with a mean age of 13.7 (SD: range: ) in Norway.Methods:Sub-sample: Students with self-reported RD; 7.5% (N = 191) of the total sample, 7% girls (N= 88) and 8.5% boys (N =103).Standardized self-report measures of depressive symptoms based on DSM-IV symptom criteria, (The Mood and Feelings Questionnaire), and on self esteem (The Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents) and attachment (The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment) were used.Results:Adolescents with RD were compared to classmates. In univariate analyses RD adolescents demonstrated higher levels of depressive symptoms, more school stress, had lower school grades and lower attachment to parents. They also scored lower on Global Self-worth and on Social Acceptance scales. Further, they reported reduced levels of psycho-functioning during the previous year because of mental health problems. They also had received more help and had used more medication for such problems.In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, receiving help for mental health problems and reduced psycho-functioning showed the strongest association with student RD status (OR=2.32 and OR=1.75, respectively). No gender differences were found.Conclusion:The study demonstrated important differences between adolescents with and without RD. Adolescents with RD might be more at risk for mental health problems than others.
Differences Between Patients of a Medium Stay Unit Depending on the Derivation Unit
Authors: Sánchez N. , Euba O. , Merino R. , Torreblanca M. , Zallo E. , Barreiro A. , Arroita A. , Pinilla E. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:The medium stay unit of the hospital of Zamudio is a psychiatric hospitalization unit where serious patients are admitted, specially those with psychotic and affective disorders. The complexity of the pathology extends the average stay of hospitalization with an average of 60 days to improve.There are 2 derivation units from which medium stay takes patients:•Short stay unit from the Hospital of Cruces;•Short stay unit from the Hospital of Zamudio.Methods:It is analyzed, retrospecitvely, the profile of patients in a medium stay unit comparing the derivation unit they come from in 2007.Results and conlusions:There are no statistically significant differences in the number of patients derived from the diverse units.The sociodemographic and administrative profile of the patients is similar in both groups: a single middle aged (between 45-50 years old) that is hospitalized knowlingly (63%). The average stay at hospital is 55 days.Attending to the clinical profile we concluded that patients derived from the Hospital of Zamudio suffer from Bipolar disorder as main diagnosis. The rest of disorders remain similar comparing both units.
Profile of the Hospitalized Patients in a Medium Stay Unit
Authors: Euba O. , Sánchez N. , Barreiro A. , Torreblanca M. , Zallo E. , Merino R. , Arroita A. , Pinilla E. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:A medium stay unit is a psychiatric hospitalization unit where serious patients are admitteded, basically those with psychosis and affective disorders. The complexity of the pathology extends the average stay of hospitalization with an average of 60 days to improve.The general profile of patients in a medium stay unit is characterized by:•Psychotic and affective disorders that need longer hospitalization.•Disorders that are resistant to treatment and need specific strategies.•Patients that give up the treatment.•Patients that require sessions of electoconvulsive therapy.Methods:It is analyzed, retrospectively, all admission to a medium stay unit in 2007 and described the clinical and sociodemographical features of each patient entering the unit.Results:209 people enter the unit in 2007, most of them single and in average they are 47 years old. The relation between men and women is similar.The 65% of the patients agree about being hospitalized with an average stay in hospital of 54 days.Schizophrenia is the most frequent diagnosis, followed by Major Depression.The 56% of the patients are referred to an outpatients' department.Conclusions:What we observed in our study fits in with the general profile of patients that entered a medium stay unit.
Incidence of Hyper Lipidemia with Atypical Antipsychotic Treatment
Authors: Amaladoss A. , Balram C. , Wang A. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Atypical Antipsychotics(AAPS) have been found to be effective in various psychiatric conditions however evidence of treatment emergent hyperlipidemia limit their clinical benefits.Objective:To determine the treatment effects of AAPS onTriglyceride.Method:Patients with schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic conditions were randomly started on AAPS. Weight, BMI, and triglycerides were measured every 3 months from base line for one year.121 enrolled, 119 completed 1 year follow up.Olanzapine =51 Risperidone = 59 Quetiapine = 8 Clozapine = 1Data analysis:Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried except Clozapine to examine effects on weight, BMI and triglycerides.Results:WEIGHT GAIN more than 7%Males :Risperidone 46% > Quetiapine 33% >Olanzapine 16%Females:Quetiapine 40% >Olanzapine 35% >Risperidone 9%BMI:OBESITY:Males:Quetiapine 33.33% >Olanzapine 32.26%> Risperidone 16.22%Females:Risperidone 50%> Quetiapine 20% >Olanzapine 20%MEAN TRIGLYCERIDES:Male:Risperidone 1.92> Olanzapine 1.7Females:Olanzapine 1.97 > Risperidone 1.78HYPERLIPIDEMIA:Male:Olanzapine 54.84% >Risperidone 43.24%>Quetiapine 33.33%Female:Quetiapine 80% > Olanzapine 65% > Risperidone 45.45%Higher incidence with Risperidone in 20 to 40 age group; with Olanzapine in 61 plus. Higher incidence in Schizophrenia obesity 42.42% and hyperlipidemia 37.10%.Conclusion:Results show that AAPS do affect weight, BMI and Triglycerides in varying degree to age, gender and disease, having significant clinical implications that warrant close monitoring with ongoing education on life style, diet and exercise in a heuristic manner.
Naturalistic Observational Study of Patients Receiving Risperidone Long-acting Injection (RLAI)
Authors: Gupta N. , Riley C. , Agell I. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Risperidone is the first atypical antipsychotic available in a long-acting injection formulation. in United Kingdom, it is licensed for use in treatment of psychosis in patients tolerant of oral Risperidone. the Summary of Product Characteristics clearly defines the methods of initiation and titration.Methods:We performed a naturalistic observational study of 61 patients suffering with psychosis. the cohort comprised patients being prescribed Risperidone long-acting Injection (RLAI) within various Community Mental Health Teams and Assertive Outreach Team of the Trust. the data was collected related to three broad areas: reasons for choice of RLAI, initiation and titration of RLAI, continuation of RLAI.Results:•35/61 patients have been prescribed oral atypical antipsychotic (including 16/61 being prescribed oral Risperidone) prior to the injectable formulation and 3/61 had received Clozapine.•In 12/61 non-compliance was suspected and only 11/25 patients stated a preference for an injectable formulation.•33/61 received oral supplementation during initiation.•29/61 were initiated on dose of RLAI commensurate with the current dose of oral Risperidone•In 35/61, dose was changed in less than 4 weeks intervals.•43/61 continued to receive RLAI. 18/61 discontinued due to patient refusal (6/18), patient not tolerated (3/18), not effective (2/18), patient non-attendance (1/18), patient moved area (1/18), other reasons (2/18), no reasons specified (3/18).Conclusions:Prescribing of RLAI did not follow recommendation from manufacturers during initiation and titration. Non-Compliance with previous medication was main reason for use of RLAI. However, discontinuation with RLAI was primarily related to refusal/intolerance of treatment.
Comparison of Intramuscular Olanzapine and Haloperidol for the Treatment of Delirium
Authors: Jin K. Jung , Kook L. Hyun , Un P. Chi , Uk L. Chang , Ho P. In , Chul L. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives:Delirium occur frequently in hospitalized patients. High-potency antipsychotic drugs have been used for the treatment of delirium; however, there is a risk of acute side effects. Therefore, atypical antipsychotic drugs could be used to the treatment of delirium.The present study aimed to provide comparison of intramuscular injection of olanzapine and intramuscular injection of haloperidol for patients with delirium was conducted with a randomized, open prospective study.Methods:Sixty-two patients admitted at the Catholic University of Korea Kangnam St. Mary's hospital, Seoul, South Korea were enrolled in this study. They were diagnosed as delirium by two independent psychiatrists using DSM-IV-TR. the Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98(DRS-R-98) and clinical global impression-severity (CGI-S) were checked daily. the Simpson-Angus Rating Scale, the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale were used for the assessment of side effects.Results:The DRS-R-98 and CGI-S scores were significantly decreased over time in both treatment groups without any significant group difference and time by the group interaction effect (F=28.35, P< 0.0001). Adverse events occurred lower in olanzapine group. both treatments were well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events occurred by intramuscular olanzapine or haloperidol.Conclusions:This study showed that either intramuscular olanzapine or intramuscular haloperidol would be effective and tolerable for treating delirium, however, olanzapine showed lower side effects than haloperidol. Adequately powered studies will be mandatory to draw any definite conclusion.