bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Odor Biosensors Based on Cell Expressing Olfactory Receptor: Recent Advances
Authors: Deng Hongchao , Nakamoto Takamichi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInspired by the powerful biological olfaction, scientists extracted numerous materials such as olfactory sensory neuron, olfactory receptor (OR) protein, and odorant binding protein from animal olfactory systems, then combined them with transducers to form multiple odor biosensors. These biosensors, despite well inheriting the sensing ability of creatures, have several drawbacks, such as complex preparation process, unstable sensing material characteristics, and high cost. Unlike the biological materials listed above, cell expressing heterologous OR maintains a stable sensing performance after passaging for multiple generations, also its experimental operation is simple, and cost is low. Therefore, odor biosensors based on cell expressing OR have been well developed in recent years. In this review, we first listed several odor biosensors based on cell expressing OR, mainly focusing on fluorescent and electrophysiological measurement methods. Furthermore, we illustrated the techniques to improve the biosensor performance, e. g., wider detection range, longer lifetime, more OR types, and higher quantification efficiency. In addition, we explained the possible prospects such as big sensor array and predicting odor response.
Male genital system of Ameiva ameiva (Squamata: Teiidae)
Authors: Maciel Érica da Silva , Zieri Rodrigo , de Almeida‐Santos Selma Maria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding squamate reproductive morphology is crucial for investigating ecological, behavioral, and evolutionary questions. Here, we describe the anatomy and histology of the male genital system of Ameiva ameiva from southeastern Brazil. Ten adult males were dissected to characterize genital macroscopy and collect fragments of the testes, gonadoducts, and kidneys for histological examination. We examined 10 transverse histological sections per individual and measured the epithelial height of the epididymis and ductus deferens. The male reproductive system consists of a pair of yellowish oval testes, the rete testis, ductuli efferentes, epididymis, ductus deferens, ampulla ductus deferentis, sexual segment of the kidney (SSK), cloaca, and hemipenis. The hemipenis is elongated, cylindrical, and unilobed, with a sulcate face and an asulcate face, which has continuous fringes throughout its length. Seminiferous tubules exhibited germ cells at various stages. The epididymis is wider and more coiled than the ductus deferens. The rete testis has a simple squamous epithelium with long stereocilia, while the narrower ductuli efferentes are lined by a simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium. The epididymal epithelium is pseudostratified columnar, with basal and ciliated principal cells, whereas the ductus deferens epithelium is pseudostratified to simple cuboidal. The epididymal epithelium is 1.5 times taller than the ductus deferens epithelium. Here, we observed the SSK present in the cortex of the ventral region of the kidneys due to the hypertrophy of the distal convoluted tubules, as well as its secretory activity. Our findings will contribute to future research into the evolution of squamate reproductive morphology.
Adaptive neural event‐triggered near‐optimal control for affined uncertain nonlinear discrete‐time system
Authors: Li Xinyu , Ding Liang , Li Shu , Yang Huaiguang , Qi Huanan , Gao Haibo , Deng Zongquan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA novel event‐triggered heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) algorithm is proposed for the near‐optimal control of uncertain discrete‐time nonlinear input‐affine systems. Based on input‐to‐state stability (ISS) analysis, a new event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is designed. Under constant coefficients, a Lipschitz‐like assumption that forms the basis of the event‐triggering condition is considered to be conservative. To further reduce the conservativeness of the triggering condition and enlarge the average interevent time, an adaptive threshold parameter is utilized in the proposed ETM. In the HDP algorithm framework, model, critic, and action network are adopted to achieve state estimation, approximation to the optimal cost function, and solution to Hamilton–Jacobian–Bellman (HJB) equation. Under the proposed event‐triggered HDP algorithm, the closed system is proved to possess semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness (SGUUB). Finally, by conducting simulation, it shows that on the premise of satisfying control performance, the event‐triggered strategy can realize reduction on the updating frequency of the controller.
Systems engineering Escherichia coli for efficient production p‐coumaric acid from glucose
Authors: Qiu Chong , Wang Xiaoge , Zuo Jiaojiao , Li Runyang , Gao Cong , Chen Xiulai , Liu Jia , Wei Wanqing , Wu Jing , Hu Guipeng , Song Wei , Xu Nan , Liu Liming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractP‐coumaric acid (p‐CA), a pant metabolite with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity, is extensively utilized in biomedicine, food, and cosmetics industry. In this study, a synthetic pathway (PAL) for p‐CA was designed, integrating three enzymes (AtPAL2, AtC4H, AtATR2) into a higher
l‐phenylalanine‐producing strain Escherichia coli PHE05. However, the lower soluble expression and activity of AtC4H in the PAL pathway was a bottleneck for increasing p‐CA titers. To overcome this limitation, the soluble expression of AtC4H was enhanced through N‐terminal modifications. And an optimal mutant, AtC4HL373T/G211H, which exhibited a 4.3‐fold higher kcat/Km value compared to the wild type, was developed. In addition, metabolic engineering strategies were employed to increase the intracellular NADPH pool. Overexpression of ppnk in engineered E. coli PHCA20 led to a 13.9‐folds, 1.3‐folds, and 29.1% in NADPH content, the NADPH/NADP+ ratio and p‐CA titer, respectively. These optimizations significantly enhance p‐CA production, in a 5‐L fermenter using fed‐batch fermentation, the p‐CA titer, yield and productivity of engineered strain E. coli PHCA20 were 3.09 g/L, 20.01 mg/g glucose, and 49.05 mg/L/h, respectively. The results presented here provide a novel way to efficiently produce the plant metabolites using an industrial strain.
Model acetylcholinesterase‐Fc fusion glycoprotein biotechnology system for the manufacture of an organophosphorus toxicant bioscavenging countermeasure
Authors: Biel Thomas G. , Faison Talia , Matthews Alicia M. , Ortega‐Rodriguez Uriel , Falkowski Vincent M. , Meek Edward , Bush Xin , Flores Matthew , Johnson Sarah , Wu Wells W. , Lehtimaki Mari , Shen Rong‐Fong , Agarabi Cyrus , Rao V. Ashutosh , Chambers Janice E. , Ju Tongzhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOrganophosphate (OP) toxicants remain an active threat to public health and to warfighters in the military. Current countermeasures require near immediate administration following OP exposure and are reported to have controversial efficacies. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) fused to the human immunoglobulin 1 (IgG1) Fc domain (AChE‐Fc) is a potential bioscavenger for OP toxicants, but a reproducible AChE‐Fc biomanufacturing strategy remains elusive. This report is the first to establish a comprehensive laboratory‐scale bioprocessing strategy that can reproducibly produce AChE‐Fc and AChE(W86A)‐Fc which is a mutated AChE protein with reduced enzymatic activity. Characterization studies revealed that AChE‐Fc and AChE(W86A)‐Fc are N‐glycosylated dimeric fusion glycoproteins but only AChE‐Fc had the capability to bind to paraoxon (a model OP). This AChE‐Fc fusion glycoprotein bioprocessing strategy can be leveraged during industrial biomanufacturing development, while the research‐grade AChE‐Fc proteins can be used to determine the potential clinical relevance of the countermeasure against OP toxicants.
Implantable and transcutaneous photobiomodulation promote neuroregeneration and recovery of lost function after spinal cord injury
Authors: Stevens Andrew R. , Hadis Mohammed , Phillips Alice , Thareja Abhinav , Milward Michael , Belli Antonio , Palin William , Davies David J. , Ahmed Zubair 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a cause of profound and irreversible damage, with no effective therapy to promote functional recovery. Photobiomodulation (PBM) may provide a viable therapeutic approach using red or near‐infrared light to promote recovery after SCI by mitigating neuroinflammation and preventing neuronal apoptosis. Our current study aimed to optimize PBM dose regimens and develop and validate the efficacy of an invasive PBM delivery paradigm for SCI. Dose optimization studies were performed using a serum withdrawal model of injury in cultures of primary adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGN). Implantable and transcutaneous PBM delivery protocols were developed and validated using cadaveric modeling. The efficacy of PBM in promoting recovery after SCI in vivo was studied in a dorsal column crush injury model of SCI in adult rats. Optimal neuroprotection in vitro was achieved between 4 and 22 mW/cm2. 11 mW/cm2 for 1 min per day (0.66 J/cm2) increased cell viability by 45% over 5 days (p <0.0001), increasing neurite outgrowth by 25% (p <0.01). A method for invasive application of PBM was developed using a diffusion‐tipped optogenetics fiber optic. Delivery methods for PBM were developed and validated for both invasive (iPBM) and noninvasive (transcutaneous) (tcPBM) application. iPBM and tcPBM (24 mW/cm2 at spinal cord, 1 min per day (1.44 J/cm2) up to 7 days) increased activation of regeneration‐associated protein at 3 days after SCI, increasing GAP43+ axons in DRGN from 18.0% (control) to 41.4% ± 10.5 (iPBM) and 45.8% ± 3.4 (tcPBM) (p <0.05). This corresponded to significant improvements at 6 weeks post‐injury in functional locomotor and sensory function recovery (p <0.01), axonal regeneration (p <0.01), and reduced lesion size (p <0.01). Our results demonstrated that PBM achieved a significant therapeutic benefit after SCI, either using iPBM or tcPBM application and can potentially be developed for clinical use in SCI patients.
Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Indazole: Synthesis, Biological Evaluationand In‐Silico Studies
Authors: Krishna Atikala Vamshi , Akber Ansari Siddique , Aamer Ansari Irfan , Kapavarapu Ravikumar , Babu Bollikolla Hari 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, a highly effective synthesis technique for obtaining aryl indazole under mild circumstances is provided, using trimethyl phosphine as a powerful reagent. The procedure shows that a wide range of substrates can be investigated, yielding various 2‐aryl indazole derivatives with acceptable to exceptional yields and a wide range of functional group tolerance. Additionally, based on In Silico studies tests were conducted to determine the anticancer activity In Vitro for all produced compounds (3 a–3 j) against A549, HT‐29 and HepG2 cell lines. Compounds 3 c and 3 d, with IC50 values of 15, 53.55, 7.34, 7.10, 56.28, and 17.87 (μM) against A549, HT‐29 and HepG2 respectively, showed significant anticancer activity.
New Solasodine‐Type Glycoalkaloids Isolated from Solanum nigrum and Their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Luyen Bui Thi Thuy , Trang Bui Thi Thu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThree undescribed solalodine‐type glycoalkaloids, named solanigrinoside A−C (1–3), and six known compounds (4–9) were isolated from the whole plants of Solanum nigrum. Their structures were elucidated based on analysis of HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectral data, and comparison with those reported in literatures. The solanigrinoside A−C (1–3), solasodine (4), and 3‐acetoxysolasodine (5) exhibited cytotoxic effects against LU‐1, Hep‐G2, and MCF‐7 cells with IC50 values in range from 4.6 μM to 56.2 μM. Compound 2 showed the significant cytotoxic activity with corresponding IC50 values of 5.7 μM, 7.9 μM, and 4.6 μM, respectively.
Amodiaquine Nonspecifically Binds Double Stranded and Three‐Way Junction DNA Structures
Authors: Slavkovic Sladjana , Shoara Aron A. , Kaiyum Yunus A. , Churcher Zachary R. , Liu Tao , Simine Lena , Johnson Philip E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe 4‐aminoquinoline class of compounds includes the important antimalarial compounds amodiaquine and chloroquine. Despite their medicinal importance, the mode of action of these compounds is poorly understood. In a previous study we observed these compounds, as well as quinine and mefloquine, tightly bind the DNA cocaine‐binding aptamer. Here, we further explore the range of nucleic acid structures bound by these compounds. To gauge a wide range of binding affinities, we used isothermal titration calorimetry to explore high affinity binding (nM to tens of μM) and NMR spectroscopy to assay weak binding biding in the hundreds of micromolar range. We find that amodiaquine tightly binds all double stranded DNA structures explored. Mefloquine binds double stranded DNA duplex molecules tightly and weakly associates with a three‐way junction DNA construct. Quinine and chloroquine only weakly bind duplex DNA but do not tightly bind any of the DNA constructs explored. A simulation of the free energy of binding of these ligands to the Dickerson‐Drew dodecamer resulted in an excellent agreement between the simulated and experimental free energy. These results provide new insight into the DNA binding of clinically important antimalarial compounds and may play a role in future development of new antimalarials.
CircORC2 promoted proliferation and inhibited the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cell lines to cisplatin by regulating the miR‐485‐3p/TRIM2 axis
Authors: Chen Tianhua , Zhang Zuyang , Tian Chao , Feng Yuchao , He Xiaojie , Jiang Liangdong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResistance to chemotherapy leads to poor prognosis for osteosarcoma (OS) patients. However, due to the high metastasis of tumor and the decrease in sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin (DDP), the 5‐year survival rate of OS patients is still unsatisfactory. This study explored a mechanism for improving the sensitivity of OS cells to DDP. A DDP‐resistant OS cell model was established, and we have found that circORC2 and TRIM2 were upregulated in DDP‐resistant OS cells, but miR‐485‐3p was downregulated. The cell viability and proliferation of the OS cells decreased gradually with the increase of DDP dose, but a gradual increase in apoptosis was noted. CircORC2 promoted OS cell proliferation and DDP resistance and upregulated TRIM2 expression by targeting miR‐485‐3p. Functionally, circORC2 downregulated miR‐485‐3p to promote OS cell proliferation and inhibit DDP sensitivity. Additionally, it promoted cell proliferation and inhibited the sensitivity of DDP by regulating the miR‐485‐3p/TRIM2 axis. In conclusion, circORC2 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited the DDP sensitivity in OS cells via the miR‐485‐3p/TRIM2 axis. These findings indicated the role of circORC2 in regulating the sensitivity of OS cells to DDP.
Rational Design of Amorphous Nanomaterials for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 and Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Wang Kun , Cheng Ziyao , Wu Guanzheng , Qin Qing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmorphous materials are distinguished by their exceptional attributes, notably their expansive surface area and the profusion of active sites they present. Consequently, the amorphization process stands as an efficacious strategy to augment the catalytic efficacy of electrocatalysts. This is achieved through the meticulous construction of the surface architecture and the precise modulation of the electronic configuration of these materials. Therefore, this review aims to offer a thorough examination of the latest progress in the application of amorphous materials for the enhancement of electrocatalytic processes, with a particular emphasis on the nitrate (NO3−) reduction reaction (NITRR) and the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Initially, we delve into the structural benefits inherent to amorphous materials, outlining the diverse synthesis techniques and characterization methodologies utilized in their development. Following this, we illustrate the utilization of various amorphous materials in NITRR and CO2RR, accentuating how the amorphous framework influences electrocatalytic activities. Concludingly, we encapsulate the merits and the obstacles encountered in the application of amorphous electrocatalysts for NITRR and CO2RR, whilst also forecasting the future direction for the creation of innovative amorphous electrocatalysts.
Comparison between beta‐blockers and calcium channel blockers in patients with atrial fibrillation according to renal function
Authors: Parada Barcia José Antonio , Raposeiras Roubin Sergio , Fernández David González , García André González , Otero Carla Iglesias , González Bermúdez Inmaculada , Íñiguez Romo Andrés , Abu‐Assi Emad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRate control is the most commonly employed first‐line management strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Principal agents used to control heart rate (HR) include beta‐blockers (BB) and nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (ND‐CCB). However, there is a paucity of published studies of the differences between those drugs in CKD patients.HypothesisThe present study aimed to investigate the differences, in terms of hospitalizations due to a poor HR control, in patients with AF under a rate‐control strategy according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR).MethodsThe study cohort included 2804 AF patients under rate‐control regime (BB or ND‐CCB) between January 2014 and April 2020. The end point, determined by competing risk regression, was hospitalizations for AF with rapid ventricular response (RVR), slow ventricular response (SVR), and need for pacemaker.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, there were no statistical differences between ND‐CCB and BB for subjects with GFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (subdistribution heart rate [sHR] 0.850, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–1.19; p = .442) and GFR 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2 (sHR 1.242, 95% CI: 0.80–1.63; p = .333), while in patients with GFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, ND‐CCB therapy was associated with increased hospitalizations due to poor HR control (sHR 4.53, 95% CI: 1.19–17.18; p = .026).ConclusionIn patients with GFR ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, the choice of ND‐CCB or BB had no impact on hospitalizations due to poor HR control, while in GFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a possible association was detected. The effects of these drugs on GFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 would require further investigation.
Anti‐Sporothrix Activity of Novel Copper‐Itraconazole Complexes
Authors: de Azevedo‐França José Aleixo , Borba‐Santos Luana Pereira , de Matos Letícia Mota Candal , Galvão Bárbara Verena Dias , Araujo‐Lima Carlos Fernando , Felzenszwalb Israel , de Souza Wanderley , Horn Adolfo , Neves Eduardo S. , Rozental Sonia , Navarro Maribel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA series of new metal complexes, [Cu(ITZ)2Cl2] ⋅ 5H2O (1), [Cu(NO3)2(ITZ)2] ⋅ 3H2O ⋅ C4H10O (2) and [Cu(ITZ)2)(PPh3)2]NO3 ⋅ 5H2O (3) were synthesized by a reaction of itraconazole (ITZ) with the respective copper salts under reflux. The metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, 1H and 13C{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance, UV‐Vis, infrared and EPR spectroscopies. The antifungal activity of these metal complexes was evaluated against the main sporotrichosis agents: Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenkii, and Sporothrix globosa. All three new compounds inhibited the growth of S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii at lower concentrations than the free azole, with complex 2 able to kill all species at 4 μM and induce more pronounced alterations in fungal cells. Complexes 2 and 3 exhibited higher selectivity and no mutagenic effect at the concentration that inhibited fungal growth and affected fungal cells. The strategy of coordinating itraconazole (ITZ) to copper was successful, since the corresponding metal complexes were more effective than the parent drug. Particularly, the promising antifungal activity of the Cu‐ITZ complexes makes them potential candidates for the development of an alternative drug to treat mycoses.
Mouse Surgical Model of Mechanical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Embryo Defects
Authors: Zhang Elisa T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUterine injury from procedures such as Cesarean sections (C‐sections) often have severe consequences on subsequent pregnancies, leading to disorders such as uterine placenta previa, placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), and Cesarean scar pregnancy. With rates of C‐section at ∼30% of deliveries in the US and projected to continue to climb, an understanding of the mechanisms by which these pregnancy disorders arise and opportunities for intervention are sorely needed. However, there are currently very few animal models of uterine injury and its subsequent impacts on maternal as well as in utero and postnatal fetal outcomes. Here, we describe a procedure for a novel model of surgically induced uterine injury in the genetically tractable laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). We describe preparatory steps for surgery, the induction of uterine injury itself, and post‐surgical recovery. We then provide supporting information regarding downstream dissection of pregnant mice. Lastly, we include additional information regarding estrous cycle staging in order to perform surgeries and dissections at the relevant phase in non‐pregnant mice. This procedure for incurring uterine injury in a mouse model presents an important step forward in understanding uterine damage and its associated pregnancy disorders. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation for surgeryBasic Protocol 2: Surgery and induction of uterine injuryBasic Protocol 3: Mating and dissection of pregnant mice as endpoint analysesSupport Protocol: Estrous staging of animals
Exploring the Cooperation of the Redox Non‐Innocent Ligand and Di‐Cobalt Center for the Water Oxidation Reaction Catalyzed by a Binuclear Complex
Authors: Li Ying‐Ying , Liao Rong‐Zhen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWater oxidation is a crucial reaction in the artificial photosynthesis system. In the present work, density functional calculations were employed to decipher the mechanism of water oxidation catalyzed by a binuclear cobalt complex, which was disclosed to be a homogeneous water oxidation catalyst in pH=7 phosphate buffer. The calculations showed that the catalytic cycle starts from the CoIII,III−OH2 species. Then, a proton‐coupled electron transfer followed by a one‐electron transfer process leads to the generation of the formal CoIV,IV−OH intermediate. The subsequent PCET produces the active species, namely the formal CoIV,V=O intermediate (4). The oxidation processes mainly occur on the ligand moiety, including the coordinated water moiety, implying a redox non‐innocent behavior. Two cobalt centers keep their oxidation states and provide one catalytic center for water activation during the oxidation process. 4 triggers the O−O bond formation via the water nucleophilic attack pathway, in which the phosphate buffer ion functions as the proton acceptor. The O−O bond formation is the rate‐limiting step with a calculated total barrier of 17.7 kcal/mol. The last electron oxidation process coupled with an intramolecular electron transfer results in the generation of O2.