bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of bias in serum free beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A multiples of the median levels on first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21
Authors: Wright D. , Abele H. , Baker A. , Kagan K. O. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of bias in median multiples of the median (MoM) levels of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and free beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) on first‐trimester combined screening for trisomy 21.MethodsThe effects of deviations in the MoM levels of free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A were investigated by simulating nuchal translucency (NT) at 12 weeks and MoM values for PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG for 500 000 euploid and 500 000 trisomy 21 pregnancies at 9 and at 12 weeks of gestation. Likelihoods were calculated using the mixture model for NT and the standard Gaussian model for log MoM PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG values. Deviations in MoM marker levels were simulated by applying percentage changes of 5% to 20% to MoM values. Detection and false‐positive rates were calculated with and without adjustments of the maternal serum marker levels by taking the proportion of euploid and aneuploid cases above given thresholds for each maternal age and then taking a weighted average with respect to the maternal age distribution.ResultsWith median MoM levels on target, the modeled detection and false‐positive rates in combined screening for trisomy 21 at 12 weeks of gestation with a fixed risk cut‐off of 1 in 100 were 85% and 2.5%, respectively. For median MoM levels of free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A between 0.8 and 1.2 MoM, detection rates ranged from 77% to 91%, with corresponding false‐positive rates ranging from 1.0% to 6.1%.ConclusionIn first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21, biases in the serum marker MoM levels of 10% can increase false‐positive rates by over 50%, whilst biases of 20% can more than double false‐positive rates. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency and apparently normal karyotype
Authors: Leung T. Y. , Vogel I. , Lau T. K. , Chong W. , Hyett J. A. , Petersen O. B. , Choy K. W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveFetal nuchal translucency (NT) is assessed by ultrasonography as a screening tool for aneuploidy at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. Fetuses with increased NT but apparently normal karyotype are still at higher risk of structural abnormality and a range of genetic syndromes, which may be related to major and submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities in a cohort of apparently euploid fetuses that presented with increased NT.MethodsDNA was extracted from stored chorionic villus samples from fetuses found to have increased NT (> 3.5 mm) during first‐trimester screening. These samples were examined by microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) using a 44K oligonucleotide array specifically constructed for prenatal screening. Variations in copy number (CNVs) were reported after excluding known non‐pathogenic variants and after validation with multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) or real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The prevalence of pathogenic CNVs is reported and the association with NT and other ultrasound findings described.ResultsCNVs were reported in 6/48 (12.5%) cases by aCGH and the microdeletions or microduplications ranged from 1.1 to 7.9 Mb. Five of these were validated by MLPA/real‐time qPCR and four (8.3%) were considered to be pathogenic and clinically significant. The incidence of pathogenic CNVs was 20.0% (2/10) among those cases with other sonographic anomalies and 5.3% (2/38) among those without.ConclusionaCGH allows detection of submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities, the prevalence of which may be increased in fetuses with NT > 3.5 mm and an apparently normal karyotype. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of cardiac Z‐score with cardiac asymmetry for prenatal screening of congenital heart disease
Authors: Riggs T. , Saini A. P. , Comstock C. H. , Lee W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the best screening tests for discriminating early indicators of cardiac hypoplasia in congenital heart disease (CHD) from normal variations in fetal cardiac growth.MethodsWe retrospectively examined fetal echocardiograms from 90 infants with confirmed CHD: Group 1 (n = 35) with right‐sided obstructive lesions and Group 2 (n = 55) with left‐sided obstructive lesions. Our control group comprised 2735 normal fetuses, from which we determined fetal cardiac Z‐scores of right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV), aorta (Ao) and pulmonary artery (PA) diameters and ratios of right to left ventricle (RV:LV) and pulmonary artery to aorta (PA:Ao) size. We compared our control group to Groups 1 and 2 using ANOVA and area under receiver–operating characteristics curve (AUC) analysis.ResultsFor Group 1, RV:LV ratio, RV‐Z‐score and PA:Ao ratio were the best screening tests, with highest AUCs (0.879, 0.868 and 0.832, respectively). For Group 2, the Ao‐Z‐score, PA:Ao and RV:LV ratios were the best screening tests, with AUCs of 0.770, 0.723 and 0.716, respectively.ConclusionNone of the screening tests was found to be a perfect early discriminator for the cardiac lesions tested. Although ratios of PA:Ao and RV:LV are useful, they should be combined with fetal cardiac Z‐scores to maximize screening sensitivity. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Utilisation of Solvent‐Free Synthesis for the Reaction of Cobalt with Imidazole: MOF Conversion from $^3_{\infty}$[Co3(Im)6(ImH)2] via $^3_{\infty}$[Co4(Im)8(ImH)] to $^3_{\infty}$[Co(Im)2]
Authors: Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Schönfeld Fabian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe redox potential of cobalt metal proves sufficient to oxidise the metal with a melt of imidazole. Depending on the temperature of the organic melt different three‐dimensional cobalt imidazolate frameworks and hydrogen form. The initial product is $^3_{\infty}$[Co3(Im)6(ImH)2], which transforms under release of imidazole at 210 °C into $^3_{\infty}$[Co4(Im)8(ImH)]. The latter releases the remaining imidazole at temperatures >225 °C and forms homoleptic $^3_{\infty}$[Co(Im)2], which is thermally stable up to 550 °C. Thereby, a direct reaction route starting from the metal was established that prevents the use of toxic and sensitive metallocenes.
Is Para‐aortic Lymph Node Metastasis a Contraindication for Radical Resection in Biliary Carcinoma?
Authors: Murakami Yoshiaki , Uemura Kenichiro , Sudo Takeshi , Hashimoto Yasushi , Nakashima Akira , Kondo Naru , Sakabe Ryutaro , Kobayashi Hironori , Sueda Taijiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundPara‐aortic nodal dissection in patients with biliary carcinoma has not been performed routinely worldwide. Therefore, the prognostic impact of para‐aortic lymph node metastasis in biliary carcinoma has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognostic impact of para‐aortic lymph node metastasis in biliary carcinoma.MethodsOf 113 patients with biliary adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection with regional and para‐aortic lymph node dissection, para‐aortic lymph node metastasis was found in 17 patients (15%) by final pathological examination. Relationships between clinicopathological factors, including para‐aortic lymph node metastasis, and survival were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOverall survival rates for the 113 patients were 82% at 1 year, 65% at 2 years, 58% at 3 years, and 52% at 5 years. Univariate analysis revealed that better tumor differentiation (P = 0.044), negative lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), negative para‐aortic lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007), negative surgical margin status (P < 0.001), lower UICC pT factor (P = 0.009), and earlier UICC stage (P < 0.001) were associated significantly with longer survival. Lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004) but not para‐aortic lymph node metastasis (P = 0.323) remained associated independently with longer survival by multivariate analysis. Five‐year survival rates for node‐negative patients, node‐positive patients without para‐aortic lymph node metastasis, and node‐positive patients with para‐aortic lymph node metastasis were 72, 31, and 24%, respectively.ConclusionRadical resection should not be abandoned for patients with para‐aortic lymph node metastasis in biliary adenocarcinoma.
Palynological Dating and Correlation of Surface and Subsurface Sediments from Wardha Valley Coalfield, Maharashtra
Authors: Jha Neerja , Pauline Sabina.K. , Tewari Rajni , Mehrotra N.C. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
42 genera of palynomorphs have been reported from the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the palynoflora from both open cast mine and bore holes viz., Ballarpur open cast mine, Durgapur open cast mine and Bore hole CMWNM-57 on barrier between Kawadi/Majri open cast and Hindustan Lalpeth Colliery from the Wardha valley coalfield of Wardha basin. Two palynoassemblages have been recorded i.e., an Upper Karharbari palynoassemblage comprising dominance of radial monosaccate genus Parasaccites and subdominance of nonstriate disaccate genus Scheuringipollenites and a Lower Barakar palynoassemblage consisting of dominance of Scheuringipollenites and subdominance of striate disaccates chiefly Faunipollenites, suggesting an Early Permian age (Late Sakmarian to Early Artinskian) to the sediments. It is further authenticated by the occurrence of palynotaxa viz., Crucisaccites, Caheniasaccites, Indotriradites and Tiwariasporis. Upper Karharbari Formation has been demarcated for the first time in lithologically designated Barakar Formations in Ballarpur, Durgapur, Majri and Hindustan Lalpeth Colliery while the sample 57/2 of bore hole CMWNM from Kawadi area may belong to the Kamthi Formation on the basis of pinkish yellowish coarse grained to medium grained sandstone. An attempt has been made to correlate these palynoassemblages with other Lower Gondwana basins of Early Permian affinity.
Rb-Sr Direct Dating of Pyrite from the Pipela VMS Zn-Cu Prospect, Rajasthan, NW India
Authors: Ravikant Vadlamani , Golani P. R. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
In unaltered volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ore deposits, variable Rb/Sr ratios in the ore mineral permits application of the Rb–Sr isotopic method to directly date the time of ore formation. In contrast, post–crystallization deformation and metamorphism would open the system to metamorphic fluids that would alter elemental ratios. To test whether the Rb–Sr isotopic systematics in the ore minerals had preserved the formation time in the ~800 Ma metamorphosed VMS ores within the ~1 Ga Ambaji–Sendra arc terrain, Rajasthan, NW India, common sulfides, pyrite and sphalerite from the Pipela Cu-Zn prospect, were analyzed for their geochemistry and Rb–Sr isotopic systematics. Trace and rare earth elements in these minerals are resident probably at crystal defects, whereas all inclusions (including those from metamorphic fluids) were removed by a simple crush leach method. Results of direct dating by the Rb-Sr method to the hydrothermal pyrite yielded an isochron age of 1025±76 Ma with an initial Sr ratio of 0.7051±0.0006, similar to previously determined zircon U-Pb age of 987 Ma from associated rhyolites. This suggests the applicability of the crush leach method to date formation time of metamorphosed pyrite ores.
Occurrence of Fluoride in the Drinking Water Sources from Gad River Basin, Maharashtra
Authors: Duraiswami Raymond A , Patankar Uday 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
High fluoride content in the groundwater is reported from parts of the Gad River Basin, Sindhudurg district, coastal Maharashtra, India. The fluoride content of up to 5 mg/l has been found in the groundwater in laterite, basalt and the Precambrian basement (gneiss) aquifers in the region. The presence of high fluoride in groundwater well above the permissible levels for consumption poses a serious health threat to the rural populace in the region. The presence of tourmaline bearing pegmatites in the Precambrian basement is considered as a potential fluorine source. Deep circulation of fluoride rich groundwater between the latetritised basalts and the underlying crystalline basement could be responsible for the occurrence of fluoride in both the shallow and deeper aquifers of the region.
Peperite Occurrence and its Implications on Origin and Temporal Development of the Proterozoic Dhala Basin, Mohar Area, Shivpuri District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Sinha K.K. , Pandey Pradeep , Bhairam C.L. , Parihar P.S. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
In the western part of Bundelkhand massif, a caldera with intra-caldera sediments, known as Dhala Formation, occurs as an outlier in and around Mohar village of Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh. For the first time, occurrence of peperite is being reported from the basal part of the Dhala sediment. Two types of peperites have been recognized: blocky and fluidal or globular with variable morphology. In peperitic zones, features like soft sediment deformations, presence of sediment into the rhyolite along cracks, vesiculation of the sediments and other evidences suggestive of sediment fluidization are some definite characteristics of interaction of hot magma with wet sediments forming peperite. The occurrence of peperites reflects the contemporaniety of deposition of the Dhala sediments and volcanism, which is well in accordance to the volcanic origin of Dhala structure. Further, the nature of unconformity between the Dhala and overlying Kaimur which is characterized by merely a few centimeter thick pebbly/conglomeratic bed does not appear to represent a large hiatus as expected between the Semri and Kaimur of Vindhyan Supergroup. So, the contemporaniety of the Dhala Formation (at least the lower part) as reflected by occurrence of peperites, coupled with the available age of the rhyolite and the nature of the unconformity between the Dhala and overlying Kaimur provide convincing evidence to correlate the Dhala Formation with the Lower part of the Kaimur and unlikely with the Semri Group or Bijawar as proposed earlier.
Regional mapping and characterisation of old landslides in hilly regions using LiDAR-based imagery in Southern Flanders
Authors: Van Den Eeckhaut M. , Poesen Jean , Gullentops Frans , Vandekerckhove Liesbeth , Hervás Javier 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAnalysis of LiDAR-derived imagery led to the discovery of more than 330 pre-Holocene to recent landslides in Southern Flanders (4850 km2). The morphology of three landslides, including the 266.5 ha deep-seated gravitational slope deformation in Alden Biesen, was investigated in more detail. The analysis of the morphological and topographical characteristics (width–length relation, frequency–area distribution and topographical threshold) of the landslides revealed important differences compared to the characteristics reported in other landslide studies, and helped understanding possible landslide triggering mechanisms. Especially the possibility of a seismic origin of the landslides was investigated. Finally, a heuristic model for region-wide landslide susceptibility mapping was successfully tested. The susceptibility model and map allow prediction of future landslide locations and contribute to better understanding the role of individual causal factors on landslide location and spatial density. The results suggest that landslides on low-gradient, soil-mantled hills are a more important contributor to landscape evolution of hilly areas than was hitherto thought. The morphology of all hilly regions of Flanders is clearly marked by landslide processes and higher landslide densities often coincide with the presence of quaternary active faults. This study further shows that high-resolution topographical data such as LiDAR significantly contributes to a better detection of old, previously unknown landslides.
Holocene East Asian monsoon variation inferred from species assemblage and shell chemistry of the ostracodes from Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhai Dayou , Xiao Jule , Zhou Lang , Wen Ruilin , Chang Zhigang , Wang Xu , Jin Xindi , Pang Qiqing , Itoh Shigeru 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA sediment core from Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia was analyzed for species assemblages and shell chemistry of ostracodes to investigate changes in the hydrology and climate of the East Asian summer monsoon margin during the Holocene. Darwinula stevensoni was abundant, Ilyocypris spp. scarce, littoral ostracodes absent and Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and δ18O were low 11,100 to 8300 yr ago, indicating high lake levels and cool/fresh waters. Darwinula stevensoni declined largely, Ilyocypris spp. throve, littoral ostracodes were rare and chemical indicators remained in low values 8300 to 6200 yr ago, suggesting that the lake continued high stands but water became warm. The lake then contracted and water became cool/brackish 6200 to 4300 yr ago. Littoral ostracodes flourished 4300 to 3350 yr ago, marking the lowest lake levels of the entire Holocene. The lake level recovered and water salinity decreased 3350 to 1900 yr ago. From 1900 to 500 yr ago, the lake maintained the preceding status albeit lowered stands and increased salinities 1100 to 800 yr ago. During the recent 500 yr, the lake expanded and water salinity decreased. The data imply that the East Asian summer monsoon did not intensify until 8300 yr ago and weakened dramatically 4300 to 3350 yr ago.
Preliminary findings on the role ofPLIN1polymorphisms on body composition and energy metabolism response to energy restriction in obese women
Authors: Ruiz J. R. , Larrarte E. , Margareto J. , Ares R. , Alkorta P. , Labayen I. 
Published: March 2011

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association ofPLIN111482G>A (rs894160) andPLIN113041A>G (rs2304795) polymorphisms with body composition, energy and substrate metabolism, and the metabolic response to a 12-week energy-restricted diet in obese women. The study comprised a total of seventy-eight obese (BMI 34·0 (sd2·8) kg/m2) women (age 36·7 (sd7) years). We measured weight, height and waist circumference before and after a 12-week controlled energy-restricted diet intervention. Body fat mass and lean mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RMR and lipid oxidation rate were measured by indirect calorimetry. We also analysed fasting plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol and leptin. Women carrying the 11482A allele had a lower reduction in waist circumference than non-A allele carriers (3·2 (sd0·5)v.4·6 (sd0·6) %, respectively,P = 0·047;Pfor gene–diet interaction = 0·064). Moreover, women with the 11482A allele had a higher decrease in lipid oxidation rate than non-A allele carriers (58·9 (sd6·7)v. 31·3 (sd8·2) %, respectively,P = 0·012;Pfor gene–diet interaction = 0·004). There was no interaction effect between the 13041A>G polymorphism and diet-induced changes on the outcome variables (allP>0·1). These results confirm and extend previous findings suggesting that thePLIN111482G>A polymorphism plays a modulating role on diet-induced changes in body fat and energy metabolism in obese women.
On the structure of simplicial categories associated to quasi-categories
Authors: RIEHL EMILY 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe homotopy coherent nerve from simplicial categories to simplicial sets and its left adjoint are important to the study of (∞, 1)-categories because they provide a means for comparing two models of their respective homotopy theories, giving a Quillen equivalence between the model structures for quasi-categories and simplicial categories. The functor also gives a cofibrant replacement for ordinary categories, regarded as trivial simplicial categories. However, the hom-spaces of the simplicial category X arising from a quasi-category X are not well understood. We show that when X is a quasi-category, all Λ21 horns in the hom-spaces of its simplicial category can be filled. We prove, unexpectedly, that for any simplicial set X, the hom-spaces of X are 3-coskeletal. We characterize the quasi-categories whose simplicial categories are locally quasi, finding explicit examples of 3-dimensional horns that cannot be filled in all other cases. Finally, we show that when X is the nerve of an ordinary category, X is isomorphic to the simplicial category obtained from the standard free simplicial resolution, showing that the two known cofibrant “simplicial thickenings” of ordinary categories coincide, and furthermore its hom-spaces are 2-coskeletal.
The application of image analysis in monitoring the imbibition process of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) seeds
Authors: Dell'Aquila A. , van Eck J.W. , van der Heijden G.W.A.M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn image analysis system is described to study the process of imbibition in white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) seeds. The system consists of two components: 1) an environmental system where seeds germinate; 2) a computer imaging system, composed of a Charged Coupled Device (CCD)-imaging sensor, an image frame grabber, a computer and a video monitor. The measurement software can determine area, perimeter, width, length and eccentricity as descriptors of changes in seed size during swelling. The captured images of imbibing seeds allowed estimation of timing of ‘visible germination’ occurrence without any subjective evaluation. Using the area parameter, the imbibition process can be described graphically by a series of curves similar to the triphasic pattern of water uptake, with extension and rate depending on the degree of seed viability and germination medium conditions. Imbibitional osmotic stress, provided by -1.5 MPa mannitol, induced a large delay in germination and, upon stress removal, a more uniform radicle emergence. The versatility and the sensitivity of the method, together with the feasibility to investigate germination rate in individual seeds within a population, suggest that image analysis techniques have high potential in seed biology studies.
Molecular mobility in the cytoplasm of lettuce radicles correlates with longevity
Authors: Buitink Julia , Hoekstra Folkert A. , Hemminga Marcus A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMolecular mobility is hypothesised to be a key factor influencing storage stability of seeds because it may control the rate of deteriorative reactions responsible for reduced shelf life. The relationship between the longevity of lettuce seeds and the molecular mobility was investigated in the cytoplasm of lettuce radicles. Longevity of lettuce seeds was predicted using the viability equation of Ellis and Roberts, and the molecular mobility was determined by saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of rotational motion of a polar spin probe inserted into the cytoplasm. Increasing the temperature resulted in faster rotational motion and shorter longevity. There was a linear relationship between the logarithms of rotational motion and estimated seed longevity for temperatures above 5°C. Below 5°C, there was a deviation from linearity. Based on the hypothesis that the molecular mobility in the cytoplasm determines the rate of detrimental reactions, seed longevity at sub-zero temperatures was predicted by extrapolation of the rotational motion using the linear relationship. Predictions of longevity at sub-zero temperatures based on rotational motion indicated longer survival times than those based on the viability equation. A kinetic approach to ageing using molecular mobility measurements is expected to improve our understanding of seed storage stability and might eventually lead to realistic predictions of longevity at low temperatures.