bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Compliance With Bans on Tobacco Product Display and Advertising at Traditional and Modern Point-of-Sale Retailers in Depok, Indonesia, 2019–2021
Authors: Nian Qinghua , Kennedy Ryan David , Ariani Dina , Wright Kathy , Brown Jennifer L , Bam Tara Singh , Duana Made Kerta , Dewanti Diah Setyawati 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Banning Point-of-Sale (POS) advertising and product display is an important tobacco control strategy. Depok, Indonesia enacted some regional tobacco control policies regulating the POS environment in 2021. This study examined changes in compliance before and after the implementation of these policies as of 2021.

Methods
Data collectors visited 180 modern retailers (hyper/supermarkets/convenience stores) and 147 traditional retailers (warungs) in 2019. The same retailers were revisited in 2021. Data collectors assessed compliance with tobacco product display, and advertising regulations at POS, including if products were displayed in spaces to target minors (near candy or at a child’s eye level). Data were analyzed using McNemar and Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results
From 2019 to 2021, in modern retailers, tobacco product display (95.6% vs. 52.2%) and product advertising (36.1% vs. 3.9%) were significantly reduced (p &lt; .001). In traditional retailers, tobacco product display (94.6% in 2019, 91.2% in 2021, p &gt; .05) and product advertising (87.1% in 2019, 87.8% in 2021, p &gt; .05) remained common during both data collection periods. Tobacco products were commonly displayed in spaces to target minors in both modern retailers (43.3% in 2019, 34.4% in 2021, p &gt; .05) and traditional retailers (90.5% in 2019, 83.0% in 2021, p &gt; .05).

Conclusions
Compliance with bans on tobacco product advertising and display at modern retailers improved significantly from 2019 to 2021; however, most modern retailers continue to display tobacco products in 2021. Traditional retailers remain largely noncompliant. Tobacco products are commonly displayed in areas that target minors. The enforcement of regional regulations should be strengthened, particularly among traditional retailers.

Implications
In Depok, Indonesia, tobacco advertising and product display bans have been implemented; however, more work is needed to support compliance. Enforcement efforts, such as those carried out by civil police, can focus on tobacco product display bans in traditional and modern retailers, and traditional retailers need additional support to remove tobacco product advertising. Retailers may receive money from the tobacco industry for these advertisements. Creative solutions may include supporting retailers in finding alternative advertising revenue.
Job stress and burnout among Finnish municipal employees without depression or anxiety
Authors: Kainalainen A , Korhonen P , Penttinen M A , Liira J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Job burnout is associated with job stress but also with mental health symptoms, depression and anxiety.

Aims
This study aims to evaluate the effect of job stress on burnout without the effect of depression and anxiety.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 among 673 employees (88% female) from four public service sectors in Pori, Finland. Job burnout was assessed with the Bergen Burnout Indicator (BBI-15). Job stress was assessed by combining psychological risk factors (demand control, effort rewards and mental workload). Respondents who reported symptoms of depression and anxiety were excluded from the analyses.

Results
Of the eligible study subjects (n = 617), 10% reported symptoms of at least mild burnout but only 1% severe burnout. The burnout symptoms varied from 6% to 21% by sector of public service. Job burnout was cumulatively associated with job stress factors. One job stress factor increased the risk of burnout 2-fold (relative risk [RR] 2.13; confidence interval [CI] 0.97–4.68), two factors 6-fold (RR 6.56; 2.92–14.8Or), and three factors even more (RR 23.5; CI 8.67–63.8). Similar trends were observed in the analysis of job burnout components (exhaustion, cynicism and professional inadequacy).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that job burnout is also strongly associated with job stress in employees who do not have depressive or anxiety symptoms. As job burnout may precede clinical depression or reduce productivity and well-being at work, it is essential to perform surveys to monitor burnout symptoms among the workforce, and design interventions to prevent remarkable job strain.
Household durable goods and child health in China
Authors: Kerr Amanda 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article uses micro-level data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey to determine how ownership of time-saving household appliances impacts children’s health. Ownership of these appliances is found to decrease time allocated to household work by 56 min and increase the incidence of being overweight by 9.7 percentage points for children aged 5–18 years. When the sample is partitioned on the basis of gender, these outcomes are more pronounced among males. I instrument household ownership of time-saving appliances by average ownership rate among households with no children living in the same community as ownership of household durable goods is endogenous. With current concerns about rising rates of obesity and overweight in China, understanding some of the causes of these negative health outcomes is a crucial step in fighting childhood obesity.
Kernel-elastic autoencoder for molecular design
Authors: Li Haote , Shee Yu , Allen Brandon , Maschietto Federica , Morgunov Anton , Batista Victor 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We introduce the kernel-elastic autoencoder (KAE), a self-supervised generative model based on the transformer architecture with enhanced performance for molecular design. KAE employs two innovative loss functions: modified maximum mean discrepancy (m-MMD) and weighted reconstruction (LWCEL). The m-MMD loss has significantly improved the generative performance of KAE when compared to using the traditional Kullback–Leibler loss of VAE, or standard maximum mean discrepancy. Including the weighted reconstruction loss LWCEL, KAE achieves valid generation and accurate reconstruction at the same time, allowing for generative behavior that is intermediate between VAE and autoencoder not available in existing generative approaches. Further advancements in KAE include its integration with conditional generation, setting a new state-of-the-art benchmark in constrained optimizations. Moreover, KAE has demonstrated its capability to generate molecules with favorable binding affinities in docking applications, as evidenced by AutoDock Vina and Glide scores, outperforming all existing candidates from the training dataset. Beyond molecular design, KAE holds promise to solve problems by generation across a broad spectrum of applications.
Social intelligence mediates the protective role of resting-state brain activity in the social cognition network against social anxiety
Authors: Ma Yingqiao , Zou Yuhan , Liu Xiqin , Chen Taolin , Kemp Graham J , Gong Qiyong , Wang Song 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Social intelligence refers to an important psychosocial skill set encompassing an array of abilities, including effective self-expression, understanding of social contexts, and acting wisely in social interactions. While there is ample evidence of its importance in various mental health outcomes, particularly social anxiety, little is known on the brain correlates underlying social intelligence and how it can mitigate social anxiety.

Objective
This research aims to investigate the functional neural markers of social intelligence and their relations to social anxiety.

Methods
Data of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures were collected from 231 normal students aged 16 to 20 years (48% male). Whole-brain voxel-wise correlation analysis was conducted to detect the functional brain clusters related to social intelligence. Correlation and mediation analyses explored the potential role of social intelligence in the linkage of resting-state brain activities to social anxiety.

Results
Social intelligence was correlated with neural activities (assessed as the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, fALFF) among two key brain clusters in the social cognition networks: negatively correlated in left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and positively correlated in right middle temporal gyrus. Further, the left SFG fALFF was positively correlated with social anxiety; brain–personality–symptom analysis revealed that this relationship was mediated by social intelligence.

Conclusion
These results indicate that resting-state activities in the social cognition networks might influence a person's social anxiety via social intelligence: lower left SFG activity → higher social intelligence → lower social anxiety. These may have implication for developing neurobehavioral interventions to mitigate social anxiety.
Does Trade Reform Promote Economic Growth? A Review of Recent Evidence
Authors: Irwin Douglas A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Do trade reforms that significantly reduce import barriers lead to faster economic growth? In the twenty-five years since Rodríguez and Rodrik's (2000) critical survey of empirical work on this question, new research has tried to overcome the various methodological problems that have plagued previous attempts to provide a convincing answer. I examine three strands of recent work on this issue: cross-country regressions focusing on within-country growth, synthetic control methods on specific reform episodes, and empirical country studies looking at the channels through which lower trade barriers may increase productivity. A consistent finding is that trade reforms have had a positive impact on economic growth, on average, although the effect is heterogeneous across countries. Overall, these research findings should temper some of the previous agnosticism about the empirical link between trade reform and economic performance.
Increased susceptibility to ischemia causes exacerbated response to microinjuries in the cirrhotic liver
Authors: Leaker Ben D. , Sojoodi Mozhdeh , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Popov Yury V. , Tam Joshua , Anderson R. Rox 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFractional laser ablation is a technique developed in dermatology to induce remodeling of skin scars by creating a dense pattern of microinjuries. Despite remarkable clinical results, this technique has yet to be tested for scars in other tissues. As a first step toward determining the suitability of this technique, we aimed to (1) characterize the response to microinjuries in the healthy and cirrhotic liver, and (2) determine the underlying cause for any differences in response. Healthy and cirrhotic rats were treated with a fractional laser then euthanized from 0 h up to 14 days after treatment. Differential expression was assessed using RNAseq with a difference‐in‐differences model. Spatial maps of tissue oxygenation were acquired with hyperspectral imaging and disruptions in blood supply were assessed with tomato lectin perfusion. Healthy rats showed little damage beyond the initial microinjury and healed completely by 7 days without scarring. In cirrhotic rats, hepatocytes surrounding microinjury sites died 4‐6 h after ablation, resulting in enlarged and heterogeneous zones of cell death. Hepatocytes near blood vessels were spared, particularly near the highly vascularized septa. Gene sets related to ischemia and angiogenesis were enriched at 4 h. Laser‐treated regions had reduced oxygen saturation and broadly disrupted perfusion of nodule microvasculature, which matched the zones of cell death. Our results demonstrate that the cirrhotic liver has an exacerbated response to microinjuries and increased susceptibility to ischemia from microvascular damage, likely related to the vascular derangements that occur during cirrhosis development. Modifications to the fractional laser tool, such as using a femtosecond laser or reducing the spot size, may be able to prevent large disruptions of perfusion and enable further development of a laser‐induced microinjury treatment for cirrhosis.
Membrane phospholipids activate the inflammatory response in macrophages by various mechanisms
Authors: Cauvi David M. , Hawisher Dennis , Derunes Julia , Rodriguez Enrique , De Maio Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExosomes, which are small membrane‐encapsulated particles derived from all cell types, are emerging as important mechanisms for intercellular communication. In addition, exosomes are currently envisioned as potential carriers for the delivery of drugs to target tissues. The natural population of exosomes is very variable due to the limited amount of cargo components present in these small vesicles. Consequently, common components of exosomes may play a role in their function. We have proposed that membrane phospholipids could be a common denominator in the effect of exosomes on cellular functions. In this regard, we have previously shown that liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylserine (PS) induced a robust alteration of macrophage (Mϕ) gene expression. We herewith report that these two phospholipids modulate gene expression in Mϕs by different mechanisms. PS alters cellular responses by the interaction with surface receptors, particularly CD36. In contrast, PC is captured by a receptor‐independent process and likely triggers an activity within endocytic vesicles. Despite this difference in the capture mechanisms, both lipids mounted similar gene expression responses. This investigation suggests that multiple mechanisms mediated by membrane phospholipids could be participating in the alteration of cellular functions by exosomes.
TCEB3 initiates ovarian cancer apoptosis by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of MCL‐1
Authors: Cai Ying , Li Yun , Xu Yingjie , Yang Wen , Huang Masha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlatinum resistance remains a major contributor to the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. Anti‐apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia‐1 (MCL‐1) has emerged as a promising target for overcoming drug resistance, but different cancer cells utilize distinct protein degradation pathways to alter MCL‐1 level. We systematically investigated E3 ligases to identify novel candidates that mediate platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. Transcription Elongation Factor B (TCEB3) has been identified as a novel E3 ligase recognition subunit that targets MCL‐1 in the cytoplasm during platinum treatment other than its traditional function of targeting the Pol II in the nuclear compartment. TCEB3 expression is downregulated in platinum‐resistant cell lines and this low expression is associated with poor prognosis. The ubiquitination of MCL‐1 induced by TCEB3 leads to cell death in ovarian cancer. Moreover, platinum treatment increased the cytoplasm proportion of TCEB3, and the cytoplasm localization of TCEB3 is important for its targeting of MCL‐1. This study emphasizes the dual function of TCEB3 in homeostasis maintenance and in cell fate determination under different conditions, and provides a new insight into drug resistance in ovarian cancer.
Recognizing rare rashes
Authors: Roth Maleah , Anderson Adrijana 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare, pustular rash that occurs most commonly after exposure to a medication (typically antibiotics or diltiazem). This case describes a patient who developed a widespread pustular eruption shortly after beginning empiric antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis of AGEP was difficult in this scenario due to the patient's pulmonary infection and atypical skin biopsy results. However, after AGEP was correctly identified, the offending agents were discontinued and the patient had subsequent resolution of her symptoms.
Early and aggressive treatment for Crohn disease using biologics and immunomodulators
Authors: Martin Erin , Sadowski Catherine K. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Traditionally, medical providers have used the step-up approach to manage patients with Crohn disease, starting with 5-aminosalicylic acid derivatives, progressing to corticosteroids, and eventually to immunomodulators and biologics. However, a new top-down approach focuses on early and aggressive therapy with biologics and immunomodulators to reduce the rate of mucosal and intestinal damage. This article describes early and aggressive biologic and immunomodulator therapies and new therapeutic parameters compared with traditional step-up treatment for patients with Crohn disease.
Chondrocyte Invasion May Be a Mechanism for Persistent Staphylococcus Aureus Infection In Vitro
Authors: Chang Jerry , Kerr David , Zheng Megan , Seyler Thorsten 
Published: April 2024

Background
Recurrent bone and joint infection with Staphylococcus aureus is common. S. aureus can invade and persist in osteoblasts and fibroblasts, but little is known about this mechanism in chondrocytes. If S. aureus were able to invade and persist within chondrocytes, this could be a difficult compartment to treat.

Question/purpose
Can S. aureus infiltrate and persist intracellularly within chondrocytes in vitro?

Methods
Cell lines were cultured in vitro and infected with S. aureus. Human chondrocytes (C20A4) were compared with positive controls of human osteoblasts (MG63) and mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3), which have previously demonstrated S. aureus invasion and persistence (human fibroblasts were not available to us). Six replicates per cell type were followed for 6 days after infection. Cells were treated daily with antibiotic media for extracellular killing. To determine whether S. aureus can infiltrate chondrocytes, fluorescence microscopy was performed to qualitatively assess the presence of intracellular bacteria, and intracellular colony-forming units (CFU) were enumerated 2 hours after infection. To determine whether S. aureus can persist within chondrocytes, intracellular CFUs were enumerated from infected host cells each day postinfection.

Results

S. aureus invaded human chondrocytes (C20A4) at a level (2.8 x 105 ± 5.5 x 104 CFUs/mL) greater than positive controls of human osteoblasts (MG63) (9.5 x 102 ± 2.5 x 102 CFUs/mL; p = 0.01) and mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) (9.1 x 104 ± 2.5 x 104 CFUs/mL; p = 0.02). S. aureus also persisted within human chondrocytes (C20A4) for 6 days at a level (1.4 x 103 ± 5.3 x 102 CFUs/mL) greater than that of human osteoblasts (MG63) (4.3 x 102 ± 3.5 x 101 CFUs/mL; p = 0.02) and mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) (0 CFUs/mL; p < 0.01). S. aureus was undetectable within mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) after 4 days. There were 0 CFUs yielded from cell media, confirming extracellular antibiotic treatment was effective.

Conclusion

S. aureus readily invaded human chondrocytes (C20A4) in vitro and persisted viably for 6 days after infection, evading extracellular antibiotics. Chondrocytes demonstrated a greater level of intracellular invasion and persistence by S. aureus than positive control human osteoblast (MG63) and mouse fibroblast (NIH3T3) cell lines.

Clinical Relevance
Chondrocyte invasion and persistence may contribute to recurrent bone and joint infections. Additional research should assess longer periods of persistence and whether this mechanism is present in vivo.
Continuous Corneal Endothelial Damage by Chlorhexidine Alcohol Used for Disinfection in Nonophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Yoshinaga Yu , Soma Takeshi , Oie Yoshinori , Koh Shizuka , Nishida Kohji 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To report a case of corneal endothelial damage caused by alcohol-containing chlorhexidine gluconate (CG-A) and its progression over time.

Methods:
This was a case report.

Results:
A 22-year-old man underwent neurosurgery under general anesthesia. CG-A (1%) was used for disinfection after the application of corneal protection tape. Postoperatively, the patient presented with hyperemia and swelling of the left conjunctiva and was referred to our department. Initial examination revealed left corneal epithelial erosion and corneal edema, which improved on postoperative day 14. The corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) was 3,345 cells/mm2 on day 14, decreased rapidly to 2,090 cells/mm2 on day 42, and slowly reduced to 1,122 cells/mm2 on day 168. Thereafter, no decrease in ECD was observed.

Conclusions:
CG formulations can lead to a persistent decrease in ECD over several months, even after improvement of acute corneal edema.
The Incidence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia or Cervical Cancer in Women Referred With Postcoital Bleeding
Authors: Mohammad Hajer , Espensen Anne Sofie , Arnardóttir Margrét Björg , Bergholdt Stinne Holm , Petersen Lone Kjeld 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
The incidence of cervical cancer among patients with postcoital bleeding (PCB) was the primary objective of this study. Furthermore, the proportion of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia requiring treatment and the correlation between PCB and the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) was determined. Lastly, the study aimed to identify risk factors among the referred women.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a university hospital in Denmark between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019. Women referred with PCB were identified with the ICD diagnosis codes “DN930 Postcoital and contact bleeding” and “DN930B Contact bleeding.” Demographic and paraclinical data were extracted from the journals and the supportive systems: Patoweb and the Danish Microbiology Database.

Results
A total of 789 women were included in this study, with only 0.25% (n = 2) diagnosed with cervical cancer and 2.5% (n = 20) diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II–III and adenocarcinoma in situ. Human papillomavirus testing was only conducted in a minority of cases, and a low incidence of high-risk human papilloma virus was detected in the 22 cases, n = 5.

Conclusions
A very low incidence of cervical cancer and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia reported among women referred with PCB. Prognostic factors as body mass index, smoking, and HPV vaccination status may predict the risk of cervical cancer. Selection criteria like primary testing for hrHPV and cytology as cotests before referral to colposcopy may reduce the number of unnecessary colposcopies.