bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a Wiki as a platform for formative evaluation
Authors: Oh Sanghee , Wildemuth Barbara M. , Pomerantz Jeffrey , Yang Seungwon , Fox Edward A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractExpert reviewers used a Wiki to provide evaluative comments on a set of educational modules developed by the Digital Library (DL) Curriculum Development project, a joint effort of researchers at the University of North Carolina and Virginia Tech, with funding from the National Science Foundation. A total of 32 experts from 23 universities in 6 countries provided comments on 10 draft educational modules. The Wiki was an effective tool for the reviewers to identify and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the modules, to share their experiences of teaching DL courses, and to communicate with the project team. The Wiki played an important role as a venue for an evaluation process that was available to the DL community at large.
Meditating differences in children's interaction with digital libraries through modeling their tasks
Authors: Bilal Dania , Sarangthem Sonia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDescribes four graphical preliminary task‐based models of ten Arabic‐speaking children, ages 6‐10, based on their interaction with the International Children's Digital Library (ICDL). Data generated from a previous study (Bilal & Bachir, 2007b) were coded and analyzed to generate the models. Seven modes of behavior characterized children's interaction: Start, Recognize, Browse, Differentiate, Read, Explore, and Finish. Each mode is associated with moves based on task characteristics. The models were constructed using the general model developed by Bilal, Sarangthem, & Bachir (2008), which was partially informed by the works of Ellis (1989), Ellis & Haugan (1997), Choo, Detlor, & Turnball (2000), and Marchionini (1995). New patterns of behavior that are missed in these works were identified (Explore and Read). The models lack a Search mode that characterized children's keyword searching. The ICDL allowed entry of Arabic script in the search box, but failed to retrieve Arabic books by keyword. Children's behavior that combined linear and non‐linear progression and the core iterative processes that occurred between certain modes of behavior and varied by task provide additional perspectives for understanding information seeking behavior within the specific context of a small and well structured Web space such as the ICDL.
The user‐centered design of a non‐specialist metadata tool and interface for the Internet Public Library
Authors: Khoo Michael , Park Jung‐ran , Lin Xia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGood quality metadata are key in supporting user interactions with a repository. Poor quality metadata hide resources, produce poor search results, and negatively affect user satisfaction (Barton et al. 2004; Beall 2005; Geisler et al.2002). Good quality metadata can be resource‐intensive to produce, and as a result there is a ‘metadata generation bottleneck’ between the growing numbers of digital resources requiring description and the limited numbers of metadata specialists who can create such descriptions (Liddy et al.,2001). This can restrict metadata production and reduce the utility of repositories (Wilson,2007). Approaches to addressing this bottleneck include training more metadata specialists; automatic metadata generation (Liddy et al.,2001; Ochoa & Duval n.d.); and also the solution discussed in this poster, the user‐centered design and development of a tool to support student volunteers and interns to engage in the creation and quality control of Dublin Core metadata records for the Internet Public Library (IPL:http://www.ipl.org/).
Minocycline‐induced dermatomyositis
Authors: Geddes Maiya R. , Sinnreich Michael , Chalk Colin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMinocycline is a semisynthetic tetracycline that causes a spectrum of autoimmune adverse reactions. We report a previously healthy patient who developed a panniculitis and histopathologically proven dermatomyositis during treatment with minocycline for acne vulgaris. Her signs and symptoms resolved completely upon cessation of minocycline. This case illustrates a novel adverse effect of a widely prescribed medication. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Effects of coil characteristics for femoral nerve magnetic stimulation
Authors: Tomazin Katja , Verges Samuel , Decorte Nicolas , Oulerich Alain , Millet Guillaume Y. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of two coils used for femoral nerve magnetic stimulation and to compare them with electrical stimulation in inducing maximal response of the quadriceps. The mechanical and electromyographic (EMG) responses were dependent on the coil used. The 45‐mm double coil showed greater efficiency to elicit a maximal quadriceps response, which was similar to electrical stimulation. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Small fiber neuropathy in female patients with fabry disease
Authors: Liguori Rocco , Di Stasi Vitantonio , Bugiardini Enrico , Mignani Renzo , Burlina Alessandro , Borsini Walter , Baruzzi Agostino , Montagna Pasquale , Donadio Vincenzo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecent studies suggest that heterozygous female Fabry disease (FD) patients develop peripheral neuropathy. We used skin biopsy to define somatic and autonomic peripheral nerve characteristics in 21 females with FD who were mainly asymptomatic and had normal renal function. Somatic epidermal and dermal autonomic nerve fiber reductions were found, prevalently in the leg, and no differences were found between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Our findings suggest that females with FD, although asymptomatic, may have somatic and autonomic small fiber neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Effect of nano‐polystyrene (nPS) on thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)
Authors: Mishra Satyendra , Chatterjee Aniruddha 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolystyrene nanoparticles (nPS) in the range of 10–100 nm with spherical shape were synthesized by oil/water (o/w) microemulsion process. In this process ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator, sodium dodecyl sulphate as a surfactant and n‐pentanol as cosurfactant were used. Isolated nPS was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. DSC studies of nPS showed higher Tg as compared to bulk PS. The effect of lower weight percentage (wt%) of nPS on the mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of PP was investigated. The blends were prepared individually on brabender plastograph by incorporating nPS of ∼60 nm with different wt% of loading (i.e., 0.10–0.5%). It was shown from the experimental results that thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties were increased as the polymer particles blended with PP. Blends with 0.25 wt% loading of nPS exhibit better properties compared with that of other wt% loadings. The improvements in properties were due to the close packing of PP chains as recorded by improvement in crystallinity of PP with the addition of nPS as shown by SEM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Azoalkanes—novel flame retardants and their structure–property relationship
Authors: Aubert Melanie , Nicolas Ronan C. , Pawelec Weronika , Wilén Carl‐Eric , Roth Michael , Pfaendner Rudolf 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA number of symmetrical and unsymmetrical azoalkanes of the general formula R′−N = N−R and related azoxy, hydrazone as well as azine derivatives have been synthesized in order to assess their potential as novel flame retardants for polypropylene alone or in combination with commercially available flame retardants such as alumina trihydrate (ATH), decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) and tris(3‐bromo‐2,2‐bis(bromomethyl)‐propyl)phosphate (TBBPP). The experimental results show that in the series of different sized azocycloalkanes the flame retardant efficacy decreased in the following order: R = cyclohexyl > cyclopentyl > cyclobutyl > cyclooctanyl >> cyclododecanyl. Whereas in the series of aliphatic azoalkanes compounds the efficacy decreased in the following order: R = n‐alkyl > tert‐butyl > tert‐octyl. In addition, also some of the prepared azoxy, azine, and hydrazone derivatives provide flame retardancy to polypropylene films at already very low concentrations (0.25–1 wt%). Noteworthy is that in contrast to other halogen‐free radical generators, the azoalkanes are also very effective as flame retardants in polypropylene thick moldings. Interestingly, it was found that 4,4′‐bis(cyclohexylazocyclohexyl)‐methane) shows a strong synergistic effect with ATH. Thus, in the presence of 0.5 wt% of azoalkane the ATH loading could be reduced from 60 to 25 wt% and still UL94 V‐2 rating could be reached. Furthermore, the fire testing data reveal that azoalkanes show a synergistic effect with DecaBDE and when used in conjunction with very low loadings of TBBPP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyethylene waxes by metallocenes
Authors: Napoli Mariagrazia , De Vita Rosanna , Immediata Ivano , Longo Pasquale , Guerra Gaetano 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe syntheses of low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (PE), in the presence of catalysts based on five different metallocene frameworks, have been compared. High yields and low molecular masses, typical of industrially relevant PE waxes, can be easily achieved by using overpressure of hydrogen. Particularly suitable for the production of PE waxes are catalytic systems based on the C2 symmetric rac‐dimethyl‐silyl‐bis‐(2‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1‐indenyl)‐zirconium dichloride (1) and the C2v symmetric bis‐cyclopentadienyl‐zirconium dichloride (5). The wax yields can be substantially increased by increasing the MAO/Zr molar ratio. The control of the PE molecular weight allows an easy control of physical properties. In fact, as Mn increases in the range 103–104 g/mol, the degree of crystallinity decreases from nearly 85 to 60% while the melting temperature increases from 125°C up to 135°C. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel synthesis of polymer and copolymer nanoparticles by atomized microemulsion technique and its characterization
Authors: Mishra Satyendra , Chatterjee Aniruddha 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe present paper relates to the atomized process for the synthesis of nanoparticles of polystyrene (nPS), polyacrylonitrile (nPAN), and poly(styrene/acrylonitrile) (nP[SAN]) copolymers with different monomer ratios and with controlled particle size in the range from 10 to 100 nm. In this process, ammonium persulfate (APS) was used as thermal initiator, along with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and n‐pentanol (n‐Pt) as surfactant and cosurfactant, respectively. The effect of different parameters on particle size and morphology of polymer nanoparticles has been reported in this work. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study showed the changes in particle morphology of pure nPS, nPAN, and their copolymers. Structural property and interaction of PS and PAN were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of particle size and crystalline structure on glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal stability of polymer nanoparticles was studied by thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and it showed that the copolymer nanoparticles of nP[SAN] were more stable with minimum weight loss (WL). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and photoinitiating behavior of hyperbranched polymeric photoinitiators bearing coinitiator amine
Authors: Hu Lihua , Asif Anila , Xie Jianda , Shi Wenfang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA series of benzophenone (BP)‐terminated hyperbranched polyester (BoltornTM P1000), bearing amine moieties as synergists by reacting with piperidine, were synthesized as yellowish liquids with low viscosity, and used as polymeric photoinitiators (HPPIs). For comparison, acrylate groups were introduced to the terminals of hyperbranched polyester for obtaining a polymerizable photoinitiator. The chemical structures were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. HPPIs and BP exhibited the similar absorptions by UV–vis spectroscopy. The photoinitiating behavior of HPPIs with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as a trifunctional monomer was investigated by using photo‐DSC analysis. The results indicated that the maximum photopolymerization rate and unsaturation conversion of TMPTA initiated by HPPIs were both lower than that by BP. Among them, the HPPI with double tertiary amine moiety of BP moiety was found to be the most efficient photoinitiator. Additionally, the films cured with bisphenol A epoxy acrylate EB605 initiated by HPPIs were uniform and possessed high Tg from DMTA. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of the precipitation kinetics, morphologies, permeation performances, and crystallization behaviors of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane by adding different molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
Authors: Lang Wan‐Zhong , Guo Ya‐Jun , Chu Lian‐Feng 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated by wet spinning (wet/wet) and dry‐jet wet spinning (dry/wet; 3 cm air gap) processes with four types of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of different molecular weight as additives. Evolution of the precipitation kinetics, morphologies, permeation performances, and crystallization behaviors of the as‐spun PVDF membranes were investigated. The PVDF membranes were well characterized by numerous state‐of‐the‐art analytical techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and attenuated total reflectance fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR‐ATR) and elucidated accompanying with its precipitation kinetics obtained by light transmittance measurements. The precipitation kinetics results confirm that four PVDF/PVP/NMP dopes experience instantaneous demixing mechanism and the precipitation rate decreases as PVP molecular weight increases. Little peaks are found in the precipitation curves of the PVDF dopes containing PVP of low molecular weight. The SEM images indicate that the middle sponge‐like layer sandwiched by double finger‐like layers becomes thinner for the special precipitation behaviors. Visible large pores exist in the internal surfaces of the PVDF membranes spun by both wet/wet and dry/wet spinning processes. The increase in PVP molecular weight restricts the formation of large pores in the internal surfaces of the PVDF membranes for the increase in dope viscosity. The pure water permeability (PWP) of the as‐spun PVDF membranes increases initially and then decreases as PVP molecular weight increases. The largest PWP flux of 316.7 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 is obtained for the PVDF membrane containing PVP K25 by wet/wet spinning process. The rejections for bovine serum albumin (BSA) by the as‐spun PVDF membranes range from 35.4 to 82.9%. It illustrates that typical PVDF ultrafiltration membranes were obtained in this research. The melting temperature(Tm) of the PVDF hollow fiber membranes decreases with the increase in the PVP molecular weight as a whole. IR spectra and XRD patterns verify the exclusive formation of β crystalline phase structure in the as‐spun PVDF membranes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐invasive detection and quantification of human foetal brain lactate in utero by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Charles‐Edwards Geoffrey D. , Jan Wajanat , To Meekai , Maxwell Darryl , Keevil Stephen F. , Robinson Richard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of foetal cerebral lactate detection and quantification by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) in pregnancies at increased risk of cerebral hypoxia, using a clinical 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system.MethodLocalised 1H‐MRS was performed in four patients with pregnancies in their third trimester complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A long echo time (TE) of 288 ms was used to maximise detection and conspicuity of the lactate methyl resonance, together with a short TE MRS acquisition to check for the presence of lipid contamination. Individual peaks in the resulting spectra were measured, corrected for relaxation and referenced to the unsuppressed water signal to provide metabolite concentrations.ResultsA resonance peak consistent with the presence of lactate was observed in all cases. In one subject, this was confounded by the identification of significant lipid contamination in the short TE MRS acquisition. The range of measured lactate concentrations was 2.0–3.3 mmol/kg and compared well with preterm neonatal MRS studies.ConclusionThe non‐invasive detection and quantification of foetal cerebral lactate by MRS is achievable on a clinical 1.5 T MRI system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the risk of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease starting lisinopril
Authors: Johnson Eric S , Weinstein Jessica R , Thorp Micah L , Platt Robert W , Petrik Amanda F , Yang Xiuhai , Anderson Sharon , Smith David H 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurposeAngiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) because they slow disease progression. But physicians' concerns about the risk of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium level), a potentially fatal adverse effect, may limit optimal management with ACE‐inhibitors. We synthesized known predictors of hyperkalemia into a prognostic risk score to predict the risk of hyperkalemia.MethodsWe assembled a retrospective cohort of adult patients with possible CKD (at least one estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) value less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) who started an ACE‐inhibitor (i.e., incident users) between 1998 and 2006 at a health maintenance organization. We followed patients for hyperkalemia: (1) potassium value >5.5 mmol/L; or (2) diagnosis code for hyperkalemia. Cox regression synthesized a priori predictors recorded in the electronic medical record into a risk score.ResultsWe followed 5171 patients and 145 experienced hyperkalemia, a 90‐day risk of 2.8%. Predictors included: age, eGFR, diabetes, heart failure, potassium supplements, potassium‐sparing diuretics, and a high dose for the ACE‐inhibitor (lisinopril). The risk score separated high‐risk patients (top quintile, observed risk of 6.9%) from low‐risk patients (bottom quintile, observed risk of 0.7%). Predicted and observed risks agreed within 1% for each quintile. The risk increased gradually in relation to declining eGFR with no apparent threshold for contraindicating ACE‐inhibitors.ConclusionsThe risk score separated high‐risk patients (who may need more intensive laboratory monitoring) from low‐risk patients. The risk score should be validated in other populations before it is ready for use in clinical practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depressive symptoms in lung cancer patients and their family caregivers and the influence of family environment
Authors: Siminoff Laura A. , Wilson‐Genderson Maureen , Baker Sherman 
Published: January 2010

Abstract Objective: This study investigated depressive symptomatology in lung cancer patients and their identified caregiver. Methods: We conducted semi‐structured interviews and administered measures of family environment, depressive symptomatology, and the extent to which the caregiver blamed the cancer on the patient not having taken better care of him/herself to 190 patient–caregiver dyads. Multivariate two‐level models were used to estimate the unique effects for each dyad member and cross‐partner effects while controlling for interdependencies in the data. Results: More than half the patients (55%) were male, whereas 74% of caregivers were female. The majority (57.4%) were spouses, followed by offspring, and other family or friends. The baseline model with covariates showed that younger caregivers, spouse caregivers, and caregivers who blamed the patient for the cancer had higher depressive symptom scores. When examining the unique effect for each dyad member, with the exception of patient report of familial conflict, patient and caregiver reports of lower familial cohesion and expressiveness and higher conflict were associated with higher depression scores for patient and caregiver, respectively. When examining cross‐partner effects, patient reports of lower cohesion, lower expressiveness, and greater conflict were associated with higher caregiver depression scores. Offspring caregivers reported less depression than non‐offspring caregivers. Conclusion: The family environment and blaming the patient during times of illness can affect both patient and caregiver depression. Findings suggest that quality of the family dynamic is important for patients, but may be particularly influential for caregivers. Future research should aid clinicians' assessment of family environment when making treatment plans. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small‐angle scattering for structural biology—Expanding the frontier while avoiding the pitfalls
Authors: Jacques David A. , Trewhella Jill 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the use of small‐angle scattering for the study of biological macromolecules in solution. The drive for more complete structural characterization of proteins and their interactions, coupled with the increasing availability of instrumentation and easy‐to‐use software for data analysis and interpretation, is expanding the utility of the technique beyond the domain of the biophysicist and into the realm of the protein scientist. However, the absence of publication standards and the ease with which 3D models can be calculated against the inherently 1D scattering data means that an understanding of sample quality, data quality, and modeling assumptions is essential to have confidence in the results. This review is intended to provide a road map through the small‐angle scattering experiment, while also providing a set of guidelines for the critical evaluation of scattering data. Examples of current best practice are given that also demonstrate the power of the technique to advance our understanding of protein structure and function.
Evaluating the sustainability impacts of packaging: the plastic carry bag dilemma
Authors: Lewis Helen , Verghese Karli , Fitzpatrick Leanne 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) is used by practitioners and policy‐makers to help them understand the sustainability impacts of packaging. LCA is useful because it quantifies the impact of a product throughout its life cycle, from raw materials extraction through to disposal or recovery. However, it can only ever be one input to decisions about the design or procurement of packaging. LCA has limitations as a tool to measure environmental impact and it does not currently evaluate social or financial impact. This paper provides a critical review of the role of LCA in evaluating packaging sustainability. It does this by evaluating the results of LCA studies that compare different types of carry bags and their implications for policy and practice. The benefits and limitations of this type of analysis are discussed. The case study of plastic carry bags demonstrates that while a scientific understanding of life cycle impacts is essential to support informed decision‐making, a broader sustainability analysis is required to ensure that all relevant issues are considered. These include the functionality of alternative bags, their relative cost, convenience for consumers and retailers, and the availability of reuse and recovery systems. An alternative approach, which evaluates packaging design within a broader sustainability framework, is presented and discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.