bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Charge Separation in Ag/PCN/UPDI Ternary Heterojunction for Optimized Photothermal‐Photocatalytic Performance via Tandem Electric Fields
Authors: Xiao Yawei , Wang Zhezhe , Li Mengyao , Liu Qian , Liu Xijun , Wang Yude 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCharge separation driven by the internal electric field is a research hotspot in photocatalysis. However, it remains challenging to accurately control the electric field to continuously accelerate the charge transfer. Herein, a strategy of constructing a tandem electric field to continuously accelerate charge transfer in photocatalysts is proposed. The plasma electric field, interface electric field, and intramolecular electric field are integrated into the Ag/g‐C3N4/urea perylene imide (Ag/PCN/UPDI) ternary heterojunction to achieve faster charge separation and longer carrier lifetime. The triple electric fields function as three accelerators on the charge transport path, promoting the separation of electron–hole pairs, accelerating charge transfer, enhancing light absorption, and increasing the concentration of energetic electrons on the catalyst. The H2 evolution rate of Ag/PCN/UPDI is 16.8 times higher than that of pristine PDI, while the degradation rate of oxytetracycline is increased by 4.5 times. This new strategy will provide a groundbreaking idea for the development of high‐efficiency photocatalysts.
Unlocking Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of MBene‐MoB Through Controlled Aluminum Dissipation from MoAlB
Authors: Wei Shudan , Kale Girish , Lai Xiaojun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D transition metal borides, known as MBenes, have attracted considerable attention due to their exceptional properties. This study explores the feasibility of aluminum (Al) etching from MoAlB using environmentally friendly and sustainable fluoride‐free dilute acidic/alkaline solutions at room temperature, revealing its thermodynamic and kinetic viability. Furthermore, it is found that complete removal of Al can be achieved in dilute alkaline reagent under hydrothermal conditions, yielding pristine single/few‐layered MBene‐MoB for the first time, while acidic solutions result in ≈33% etching rates. XRD refinement, which tracks aluminum removal from 0% to 100%, reveals transient metastable phases of MoAl1‐xB (x < 0.5) in the initial etching stages, evolving into relatively stable pure Mo2AlB2 structures with 50% Al deficiency, serving as a precursor to MBenes. The subsequent loss of Al results in a 2D MBene‐MoB structure. DFT calculations confirm excellent conductivity for MoAlB, MoAl1−xB (x = 0–1), and MBene‐MoB. Remarkably, MBene‐MoB exhibits superior supercapacitor performance with a 4025.60 mF cm−2/201.28 F g−1 capacitance. Simulations validate rapid electrolyte diffusion in layered MBene‐MoB, contributing significantly to enhanced capacitance. Additionally, in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), MBene‐MoB demonstrates superior catalytic activity compared to the precursor MoAlB and commercial MoB. Calculations suggest the potential for enhancing HER through surface modulation, considering its suboptimal hydrogen adsorption energy.
MnFe Prussian Blue Analogue Open Cages for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Simultaneous Evolution of Structure, Morphology, and Energy Storage Properties
Authors: Wang Weilu , Xing Zheng , Ren Haipeng , Wang Qinglin , Gao Xinran , Nie Chuanhao , Ju Zhicheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrussian blue analogues (PBAs) exhibiting hollow morphologies have garnered considerable attention owing to their remarkable electrochemical properties. In this study, a one‐pot strategy is proposed for the synthesis of MnFe PBA open cages. The materials are subsequently employed as cathode electrode in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The simultaneous evolution of structure, morphology, and performance during the synthesis process is investigated. The findings reveal substantial structural modifications as the reaction time is prolonged. The manganese content in the samples diminishes considerably, while the potassium content experiences an increase. This compositional variation is accompanied by a significant change in the spin state of the transition metal ions. These structural transformations trigger the occurrence of the Kirkendall effect and Oswald ripening, culminating in a profound alteration of the morphology of MnFe PBA. Moreover, the shifts in spin states give rise to distinct changes in their charge–discharge profiles and redox potentials. Furthermore, an exploration of the formation conditions of the samples and their variations before and after cycling is conducted. This study offers valuable insights into the intricate relationship between the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of MnFe PBA, paving the way for further optimizations in this promising class of materials for energy storage applications.
Development and evaluation of Fusarium wilt‐resistant and high‐yielding chickpea advanced breeding line, KCD 11
Authors: Laxuman C. , Naik Yogesh Dashrath , Desai B. K. , Kenganal Mallikarjun , Patil Bharat , Reddy B. S. , Patil D. H. , Chakurte Sidramappa , Kuchanur P. H. , K Shiva Kumar , Gaddi Ashok Kumar , Yogesh L. N. , Nidagundi Jayaprakash , Dodamani B. M. , Sunkad Gururaj , Thudi Mahendar , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFusarium wilt (FW) is the most severe soil‐borne disease of chickpea that causes yield losses up to 100%. To improve FW resistance in JG 11, a high‐yielding variety that became susceptible to FW, we used WR 315 as the donor parent and followed the pedigree breeding method. Based on disease resistance and yield performance, four lines were evaluated in station trials during 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 at Kalaburagi, India. Further, two lines, namely, Kalaburagi chickpea desi 5 (KCD 5) and KCD 11, which possesses the resistance allele for a specific single‐nucleotide polymorphism marker linked with FW resistance, were evaluated across six different locations (Bidar, Kalaburagi, Raichur, Siruguppa, Bhimarayanagudi and Hagari) over a span of 3 years (2020–2021, 2021–2022 and 2022–2023). KCD 11 exhibited notable performance, showcasing yield advantages of 8.67%, 11.26% and 23.88% over JG 11, and the regional checks Super Annigeri 1 (SA 1) and Annigeri 1, respectively, with enhanced FW resistance in wilt sick plot. Further, KCD 11 outperformed JG 11, SA 1 and Annigeri 1 in multi‐location trials conducted across three seasons in the North Eastern Transition Zone, North Eastern Dry Zone, and North Dry Zones of Karnataka. KCD 11 was also tested in trials conducted by All India Coordinated Research Project on chickpea and was also nominated for state varietal trials for its release as a FW‐resistant and high‐yielding variety. The selected line is anticipated to cater the needs of chickpea growers with the dual advantage of yield increment and disease resistance.
Design of 20 MW direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous generators for wind turbines based on constrained many‐objective optimization
Authors: Jung Seok‐Won , Kang Dohyun , Palanimuthu Kumarasamy , Joo Young Hoon , Jung Sang‐Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a constrained many‐objective optimization approach for the optimal design of 20 MW direct drive (DD) permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). Designing a high‐performance, competitive DD‐PMSG requires considering the generator's performance as well as its weight and material cost. Therefore, we focus on four main characteristics as our design objectives: (1) specific power (power per weight), (2) power‐per‐cost, (3) efficiency, and (4) power factor. To achieve this, we apply an advanced constrained nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA‐III), a many‐objective optimization method utilizing evolutionary computation, capable of optimizing four or more objectives with constraints. Additionally, the electromagnetic finite element method is employed to evaluate the generator's characteristics. Through our proposed design process, we optimize three distinct 20 MW DD‐PMSG configurations: a 320‐pole/300‐slot, a 350‐pole/300‐slot, and a 350‐pole/336‐slot topology. Following this optimization, we perform additional multiphysics simulations (covering electromagnetic, structural, overload, and thermal aspects) and control response simulations on four selected models from the Pareto‐optimal solutions to validate their effectiveness as preliminary DD‐PMSG designs. Finally, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of all simulation results.
Radiative transitions in charmonium from lattice QCD
Authors: Delaney James , Thomas Christopher E. , Ryan Sinéad M. ,   for the Hadron Spectrum collaboration
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The coupling of various charmonium mesons to a photon is studied using lattice QCD, giving access to radiative form factors and transitions, and probing the mesons’ structure. Methods are developed which allow the robust determination of amplitudes, including those involving an excited state as well as multiple form factors, for a range of kinematics. These are applied in dynamical lattice QCD calculations using the distillation technique to compute the underlying three-point correlation functions. Form factors and amplitudes involving the low-lying charmonia, ηc, J/ψ, χc0 and $$ {\eta}_c^{\prime } $$

η
c
′

, are calculated, demonstrating the methods and providing the first dynamical lattice QCD results for some quantities.
Holographic Carrollian conformal scalars
Authors: Bekaert Xavier , Campoleoni Andrea , Pekar Simon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We provide holographic realisations in Minkowski spacetime of a free conformal Carrollian scalar field living at null infinity. To this end, we first show that the electric and magnetic limits of a relativistic conformal scalar are equivalent and we study the representation of the Carroll, Poincaré and BMS algebras that is realised on the resulting solution space. We then realise it as a quotient of the solution space of a free massless scalar in Minkowski spacetime with unusual falloff, in full analogy with the interpretation of Dirac’s singleton as a shortened scalar in Anti de Sitter spacetime.
Realization of Permutation Modules via Alexandroff Spaces
Authors: Costoya Cristina , Gomes Rafael , Viruel Antonio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe raise the question of the realizability of permutation modules in the context of Kahn’s realizability problem for abstract groups and the G-Moore space problem. Specifically, given a finite group G, we consider a collection $$\{M_i\}_{i=1}^n$$

{

M
i

}

i
=
1

n

of finitely generated $$\mathbb {Z}G$$

Z
G

-modules that admit a submodule decomposition on which G acts by permuting the summands. Then we prove the existence of connected finite spaces X that realize each $$M_i$$

M
i

as its i-th homology, G as its group of self-homotopy equivalences $$\mathcal {E}(X)$$

E
(
X
)

, and the action of G on each $$M_i$$

M
i

as the action of $$\mathcal {E}(X)$$

E
(
X
)

on $$H_i(X; \mathbb {Z})$$

H
i

(
X
;
Z
)

.
Arithmetic Varieties of Numerical Semigroups
Authors: Branco Manuel B. , Ojeda Ignacio , Rosales José Carlos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper we present the notion of arithmetic variety for numerical semigroups. We study various aspects related to these varieties such as the smallest arithmetic that contains a set of numerical semigroups and we exhibit the rooted tree associated with an arithmetic variety. This tree is not locally finite; however, if the Frobenius number is fixed, the tree has finitely many nodes and algorithms can be developed. All algorithms provided in this article include their (non-debugged) implementation in GAP.
Automatic quantification of REM sleep without atonia reliably identifies patients with REM sleep behavior disorder: a possible screening tool?
Authors: Mancini Raffaele , Mattioli Pietro , Famà Francesco , Giorgetti Laura , Calizzano Francesco , Nikolic Miki , Frandsen Rune , Jennum Poul , Morbelli Silvia , Pardini Matteo , Arnaldi Dario 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is characterized by absence of physiological muscle atonia during REM sleep (REM sleep without atonia, RWA). Nigro-striatal dopaminergic impairment is a feature of Parkinson disease (PD) and can be identified in prodromal stages as well, such as idiopathic RBD (iRBD). Aims of this study are to explore the efficacy of an automatic RWA quantification in identifying RBD patients and the correlation between RWA and nigro-striatal dopaminergic function.

Methods
Forty-five iRBD, 46 PD with RBD, 24 PD without RBD patients and 11 healthy controls were enrolled in the Genoa Center (group A) and 25 patients with iRBD (group B) were enrolled in the Danish Center. Group A underwent brain [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT and group B underwent brain [18F]PE2I-PET as measures of nigro-striatal dopaminergic function. Chin muscle activity was recorded in all subjects and analyzed by applying a published automatic algorithm. Correlations between RWA and nigro-striatal dopaminergic function were explored.

Results
The automatic quantification of RWA significantly differentiated RBD from non-RBD subjects (AUC = 0.86), although with lower accuracy compared with conventional visual scoring (AUC = 0.99). No significant correlation was found between RWA and nigro-striatal dopaminergic function.

Conclusion
The automatic quantification of RWA is a reliable tool to identify subjects with RBD and may be used as a first-line screening tool, but without correlations with nigro-striatal dopaminergic functioning.
Environmentally friendly and energy-self-sufficiency-based air purifier: an approach for mitigating outdoor particulate matter
Authors: Szramowiat-Sala Katarzyna , Goryl Wojciech , Figaj Rafał , Filipowicz Mariusz , Sornek Krzysztof , Zyśk Janusz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The impact of indoor and ambient air pollution on human health is significant, with ambient air pollutants contributing to millions of deaths annually. Particulate matter (PM), a prevalent pollutant in ambient and indoor air, consists of solid and liquid particles suspended in a gaseous atmosphere. The formation of PM is primarily attributed to incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Air pollution carries health, environmental and economic effects. To address these challenges, nations worldwide are obligated to develop policies aimed at safeguarding air quality, protecting human health, biodiversity and ecosystems. Long-term environmental interventions have been mandated by international agreements to eliminate pollutant emissions, while short-term interventions are recommended for immediate outcomes. While numerous devices are available to mitigate indoor air pollutants, limited pre-commercial methods exist for improving ambient air quality. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to ambient air purification system that utilizes renewable energy sources and achieves energy self-sufficiency. The effectiveness of this newly developed air purifier in controlling outdoor particulate pollution was investigated, providing insights into its potential to mitigate the health and economic impacts associated with PM exposure. A comparative analysis of percentage and mass values for various parameters measured upstream and downstream of the air purifier enabled an initial assessment of the filter’s effectiveness in removing impurities and was assesses at the level of 74%. A noticeable decrease in mass values was observed for all analysed components of PM, with the exception of nitric ions. Moreover, it was found out that the tested filter demonstrates greater efficacy in removing inorganic PM components compared to organic chemicals.

Graphical abstract
Warmth and competence in human-agent cooperation
Authors: McKee Kevin R. , Bai Xuechunzi , Fiske Susan T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInteraction and cooperation with humans are overarching aspirations of artificial intelligence research. Recent studies demonstrate that AI agents trained with deep reinforcement learning are capable of collaborating with humans. These studies primarily evaluate human compatibility through “objective” metrics such as task performance, obscuring potential variation in the levels of trust and subjective preference that different agents garner. To better understand the factors shaping subjective preferences in human-agent cooperation, we train deep reinforcement learning agents in Coins, a two-player social dilemma. We recruit $$N = 501$$

N
=
501

participants for a human-agent cooperation study and measure their impressions of the agents they encounter. Participants’ perceptions of warmth and competence predict their stated preferences for different agents, above and beyond objective performance metrics. Drawing inspiration from social science and biology research, we subsequently implement a new “partner choice” framework to elicit revealed preferences: after playing an episode with an agent, participants are asked whether they would like to play the next episode with the same agent or to play alone. As with stated preferences, social perception better predicts participants’ revealed preferences than does objective performance. Given these results, we recommend human-agent interaction researchers routinely incorporate the measurement of social perception and subjective preferences into their studies.
Exposure manipulation strategies for balancing computational efficiency and precision in seismic risk analysis
Authors: Papadopoulos Athanasios N. , Roth Philippe , Danciu Laurentiu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExposure models for regional seismic risk assessment often place assets at the centroids of administrative units for which data are available. At best, a top-down approach is followed, where such data are spatially disaggregated over a denser spatial grid, using proxy datasets such as the distribution of population or the density of night-time lights. The resolution of the spatial grid is either dictated by the resolution of the proxy dataset, or by constraints in computational resources. On the other hand, if a building-by-building database is available, it often needs to be aggregated and brought to a resolution that ensures acceptable calculation runtimes and memory demands. Several studies have now investigated the impact of exposure aggregation on loss estimates. Herein, unlike previous attempts, we can leverage upon an extensive building-by-building database for the Swiss territory, which we can use as ground truth. We firstly proceed to assess the aggregation-induced errors of standard risk metrics at different spatial scales. Then a new strategy for performing said aggregation is proposed, relying on a K-means clustering of site parameters and a reduction of the loss ratio uncertainty for aggregated assets. These interventions are designed with the objective of minimizing errors, while keeping the computational cost manageable.
Drivers of seasonal water hyacinth dynamics in permanently eutrophic estuarine waters
Authors: Lakane Chuene P. , Adams Janine B. , Lemley Daniel A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic nutrient enrichment is one of the key global change pressures threatening the health of estuaries. This is evident at the persistently eutrophic Swartkops Estuary located along the warm temperate coast of South Africa. Augmented nutrient-rich baseflows (e.g., stormwater runoff, wastewater treatment work discharges) have resulted in the persistent growth of invasive alien aquatic plants (IAAPs), particularly water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes), in the upper estuarine reaches. As such, the objective of this study was to investigate the temporal population dynamics of water hyacinth in the Swartkops Estuary to inform management options. Methods included five-weekly sampling campaigns in winter, spring, and summer, interspersed with monthly sampling over a year-long period. Physico-chemical variables and river inflow were measured in situ, while samples were collected for inorganic nutrients, phytoplankton biomass, and IAAP measurements (cover, biomass, and tissue nutrients). Model results indicated that increased water temperature and inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and NOx) levels promoted increased coverage of water hyacinth, while seasonal analysis highlighted reduced (p < 0.05) dissolved oxygen levels during the peak summer IAAP accumulation period. Notably, model results indicated declining IAAP tissue TN and TP concentrations with increasing water temperature, yet overall TN and TP storage was highest in summer due to the extensive water hyacinth cover observed during this period. Overall, the proportionally low and transient nature of nutrient storage by water hyacinth populations, together with the detrimental consequences they facilitate, highlights the need to integrate short-term control measures with catchment-scale management interventions geared towards mitigating the causative drivers.
A narrative of meeting a computer: A cognitive-ethnographic study of self-directed computer learning
Authors: Taşkın Alkan Buket , Tüzün Hakan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, the self-directed learning (SDL) processes of children who have never used a computer before were examined within the cultural context they live in. In accordance with the subject of the research, a village, located in a rural area of the Southeastern Anatolia region in Turkey, where crucial digital divide and low socioeconomic conditions exist, was chosen to reach the children who have not used a computer before. By using a “cognitive ethnography” research design, the cultural foundations of cognitive processes were evaluated and authentic data were obtained. The research includes a long-term participatory observation over a period of two summer terms in accordance with the nature of ethnographic studies. The research group consists of 46 children, ages 6 to 11. Throughout the research, the children were elaborately observed on how they managed to organize their SDL process without any guidance when they were left with computers. In the process, children’s learning and how they had been affected by the guidance and collaborative work were examined by giving them simple clues, asking them questions to foster curiosity, and allowing them to form groups. The observation process has spread to many moments of the day, such as students’ social environments, living conditions at home, and learning processes at the computer. Open coding and axial coding methods were used in data analysis. As a result of the study, it was observed that demographic variables, guidance, and ethnocultural characteristics have a significant impact on children’s learning behaviors. The research findings show that: (1) In the SDL process, unconscious explorations and trial and error gradually give way to conscious reasoning, (2) The SDL process becomes more effective with some guidance focusing on the needs of a student and collaborative learning, (3) Girls mostly preferred word processing and drawing applications, while boys preferred games and research on the Internet, (4) Although boys display a more confident and dominant attitude towards computers, girls have used applications effectively throughout the process, and (5) The older age group, especially accustomed to the cultural and classroom authoritarian approach, had difficulty in getting used to the SDL autonomy at the beginning. Details in research findings present vital data within the context of the impact of cultural background on the educational processes and evaluating this impact in terms of education programs.