bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of strontium and fluoride in approximal dental plaque and changes in plaque microflora after rinsing with chlorhexidine‐fluoride‐strontium solution
Authors: Spets‐Happonen S , Seppa L , Korhonen A , Alakuijala P 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To find out if strontium is incorporated into plaque and enamel in vivo during a 2‐week rinsing period with a chlorhexidine‐fluoride‐strontium solution and to determine the effects of the rinsing on the numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in plaque. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 18 adult participants rinsed their mouths twice a day for 2 weeks, first with a placebo solution and subsequently, separated by a I‐week interval without rinsing, with a chlorhexidine gluconate (0.05%)‐sodium fluoride (0.04%)‐strontium (100 ppm as SrCI2) rinsing solution (CXFSr) for another 2 weeks.RESULTS: After the CXFSr rinsing period the strontium and fluoride contents (μg g‐plaque dry weight; mean ± s1) of approximal plaque were 32.5 ± 4.7 and 72.8 ± 9.0, compared with the respective contents of 8.4 ± 1.2 and 42.0 ± 4.8 after placebo rinsing (P = 0.0001 for both comparisons). The strontium content remained elevated for 6 weeks. The median proportion of mutans streptococci of approximal plaque of the total viable count of bacteria was 1% after placebo rinsing but decreased to 0.2% after CXFSr rinsing. The proportion of mutans streptococci remained low at 3 weeks (P = 0.018 vs placebo) but had reached the placebo level at 6 weeks. Rinsing with CXFSr solution did not reduce lactobacilli in plaque. The strontium or fluoride contents of the enamel surfaces subjected to tooth brushing did not significantly change.CONCLUSIONS: Strontium and fluoride accumulated in dental plaque during a 2‐week CXFSr rinsing period and the proportion of mutans streptococci in approximal plaque was reduced at least for 3 weeks after completion of the rinsing.
Assessing the levels of immunoglobulins in the saliva of diabetic individuals with periodontitis using checkerboard immunodetection
Authors: Bachrach G , Muster Z , Raz I , Chaushu G , Stabholz A , Nussbaum G , Gutner M , Chaushu S 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Current methods for determining salivary antibodies are cumbersome for large‐scale screenings.Objectives:  To test checkerboard immunodetection for monitoring salivary antibodies and to profile them in diabetic individuals with periodontitis.Methods:  Salivary anti‐Porphyromonas gingivalis, anti‐Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and total IgA levels of 10 individuals were compared using checkerboard immunoblotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:  Close correlation between both methods was found in anti‐P. gingivalis IgA and total IgA, but not in anti‐A. actinomycetemcomitans IgA, because of high background levels in ELISA. Thereafter, checkerboard immunodetection was used to compare salivary antibodies of 20 adult type II diabetic with 32 non‐diabetic individuals with (n = 22) or without (n = 10) periodontitis. Patients with periodontitis (regardless of their diabetic condition) expressed increased levels of total IgA in both whole and parotid saliva, but reduced levels of anti‐A. actinomycetemcomitans IgA in whole saliva. Consequently, the proportion of anti‐A. actinomycetemcomitans IgA in the total IgA was lower in saliva of patients with periodontitis compared with healthy controls.Conclusions:  Checkerboard immunodetection was reliable and economical for screening saliva samples for multiple antibody reactions. Our results support previous reports which suggested that patients with periodontitis are able to secrete high levels of salivary Ig, but are hampered in targeting their salivary response toward A. actinomycetemcomitans.
A Case of Superior Vena Caval Thrombosis Associated with Periarteritis Nodosa
Authors: KOMROWER G. M. , MACGREGOR E. U. , MARSDEN H. B. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. A case of superior vena oaval thrombosis is described in a child of nine years.2. The clinical progress suggested the possibility of a necrotizing angiitis and autopsy examination disclosed a periarteritis nodosa.3. The relationship of periarteritis nodosa and superior vena caval thrombosis due to “non‐specific mediastinitis” is discussed.We are most grateful to Professor A. C. P. Campbell, Professor of Pathology, University of Manchester, for his criticism and advice.Un cas de thrombose dans la veine cave supérieure, associée avec une périartérite noueuse.Un cas de thrombose de la veine cave supérieure chez un enfant de 9 ans, est décrit. La progression clinique a suggéré la possibilité d'une angiite nécrotique et l'autopsie a révélé une périartérite noueuse. Le rapport existant entre la périartérite noueuse et la thrombose de la veine cave supérieure dûe à une « médiastinite non spécifique », est développé.Ein Fall von Thrombose der oberen Hohlvene in Zusammenhang mit Periarteriitis nodosa.Thrombose der Vena cava superior bei einem 9jährigen Kind ist beschrieben. Der klinische Verlauf wies auf die Möglichkeit einer nekrotisierenden Angioitis hin, und die Autopsie enthüllte die Anwesenheit einer Periarteriitis nodosa. Die Beziehung von Periarteriitis nodosa zur Thrombose der oberen Hohlvene infolge einer “unspezifischen Mediastinitis” wird einer Brörterung unterzogen.Un caso de trombosis en la vena cava superior, asociada con periarteritis nodular.Descríbese un caso de trombosis en la vena cava superior de un niño de 9 años de edad. La progresión clínica sugirió la posibilidad de angiítis necrótica, y la autopsia reveló periarteritis nodular. Discútese la relación existente entre la periarteritis nodular y la trombosis en la vena cava superior debida a “mediastinitis no específica”.
THE VENOUS PLASMA FREE AMINO ACID LEVELS DURING THE FIRST HOURS OF LIFE
Authors: LINDBLAD B. S. , RAHIMTOOLA RAZIA J. , KHAN NAFEES 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe plasma aminogram was investigated in newborns from a low socio‐economical group of West Pakistan with an increased frequency of the “small for dates” syndrome.The plasma levels of proline and glycine increased during the first hours of life to levels significantly higher than those of a Swedish normal material. The alanine levels showed a “resistance to decline” during this period. The branch‐chained amino acid levels of plasma showed a fast decline after a temporary “resistance to decline”.The plasma free amino acid levels changed during the first hours of life to a pattern, which is the same as that seen in protein deficiency.
C‐REACTIVE PROTEIN IN SERUM FROM INFANTS AS DETERMINED WITH IMMUNODIFFUSION TECHNIQUES
Authors: SAXSTAD J. , NILSSON L.‐Å. , HANSON L. Å. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryUsing sensitive, and accurate immunodiffusion methods CRP could be demonstrated in 17 of 98 infants apparently healthy upon clinical examination. Thirteen of these sera only contained trace amounts of CRP (0.5‐1 μg/ml). The only case which had quantifiable amounts of CRP and which did not become negative upon control turned out to have kidney abnormalities and pyelonephritis.
CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL‐GENETIC ASPECTS OF INTERMITTENT BRANCHED‐CHAIN KETOACIDURIA
Authors: GOEDDE H. W. , LANGENBECK U. , BRACKERTZ D. , KELLER W. , ROKKONES T. , HALVORSEN S. , KIIL RAGNHILD , MERTON BRITA 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIntermittent branched‐chain ketoaciduria was detected in two Norwegian families. All three patients had normal intelligence. One died during an acute acidotic attack at the age of 8 years.The biochemical and clinical data in the two families suggest a separate variant of branched chain ketoaciduria. Possible mechanisms of genetic heterogeneity in this disorder are discussed.
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME IN SWEDEN IN 1973–1977 AND 1979
Authors: Norvenius S. Gunnar 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT The aim of the investigation has been to describe Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, SIDS, in Sweden, its background, true incidence and epidemiological characteristics, and finally to offer possibilities of prophylaxis. The method used has entailed a retrospective survey of all 1,873 post‐perinatal (1 ‐ 51 weeks) deaths from six birth cohorts in 1973–1977 and 1979. Through comprehensive documentation, 334 deaths have been isolated as SIDS. The result was an incidence of 0.54/1000 live births. Internationally, this incidence is low, but the study could establish that SIDS increased during 1973–1977 and 1979 in Sweden. The epidemiological characteristics shown by the study agree to an extent with American and British investigations, but reported Swedish incidence i s lower. An assessment of the total post‐perinatal mortality has also been made to demonstrate that there is no communication between SIDS with a uniform diagnosis and other causes of death. Analysis has been binary: in relation t o factors in society, and on an individual basis. Geographical or social bases did not affect incidence of SIDS in Sweden, which is remarkable when comparing these findings with other reports on the subject.In regards to individuals, the analysis has been based upon the place where the infant died.Deaths in the infant's own bed showed a clear rise on Saturdays, but the incidence here remained constant over the period studied. Deaths in bed with one/two adults showed epidemiological findings which indicated disadvantageous family and social factors in many cases; this group increased from year to year. Deaths outdoors were common in winter; a certain increase towards the end of the week as well as from year t o year was indicated. No social strain was shown. Deaths during car rides clearly increased from year to year, but showed no particular socio‐familial profile nor weekday variation.Findings analyzing location of death have indicated that the different places have their own epidemiological characteristics distribution. Analyses of this sort are scarce. There were no certain indications of SIDS occuring more often in socially disadvantageous circumstances: 4/5 of the SIDS families had no social strain. The study has also included medico‐historical notes, e.g. ‘over‐laying’ and a description of epidemiological/pathological and forensic aspects of sudden infant death from Stockholm during the 1840s.SIDS means that neither anamnesis nor a thorough autopsy can explain the death. SIDS may be considered a dysfunction syndrome, in which endogenous and exogenous factors act together and silently lead to death. These factors exist in the normal infant's development and in normal environments. The study has also shown that variables i n neonatal data or maternal factors cannot as yet be used as risk indicators. Generally a single factor may not be used to identify a child who is at increased risk of SIDS.On the basis of the findings of the study, prophylactic advice is presented.
The Role of Hypothalamic Hormones in the Control of Growth Hormone Secretion and of Growth
Authors: FROHMAN L.A. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYGHRH and somatostatin have major integrative roles in the control of GH secretion. Alterations in the secretion of each hypothalamic hormone have profound effects on GH secretion. On the basis of current information, it appears that disturbances in GHRH secretion provide a most convincing argument for the pathophysiological role of this hypothalamic hormone in clinically recognized disorders of GH secretion. Thus, the potential use of GHRH and its agonists and antagonists in the treatment of patients with both deficient and excessive GH secretion is based on a solid framework of physiological and pathophysiological studies.
Treatment of Turner's Syndrome with Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (Somatrem)
Authors: LIPPE B. , ROSENFELD002C R.G. , HINTZ R.L. , JOHANSON A.J. , FRANE J. , SHERMAN B. , GROUP GENENTECH COLLABORATIVE 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis report extends to 3 years the prospective study of the effects of somatrem alone or in combination with oxandrolone on growth in Turner's syndrome. Sixty‐seven patients completed the 1‐year study period during which all treatment groups had statistically increased height velocities as compared to the control group. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin responses remained unchanged after 1 year of somatrem treatment. The group Receiving oxandrolone experienced an increase in integrated glucose response and the group receiving combined therapy an increase in both integrated glucose and insulin responses. During the second and third years the somatrem group remained on the same dose and treatment schedule and grew at mean velocities of 5.4 ± 1.1 and 4.6 ± 1.4 cmiyear. The dose of oxandrolone was reduced by 50% during the second and third years for the combination group. The somatrem dnse remained unchanged. This group had height velocities of 7.4 ± 1.4 cm and 6.1 ± 1.5 cm/year. The control group and the group treated with oxandrolone alone were converted to combined therapy at the lowered oxandrolone dose. Their growth rates during the second year were 8.3 ± 1.2 and 7.1 ± 1.6 cm/year, respectively. Using bone age determinations and the methods of Bayley and Pinneau, allgroups currently show predicted increases in final adult height.
Accelerated Growth Following Treatment of Children with Chronic Renal Failure with Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (Somatrem): a Preliminary Report
Authors: LIPPE B. , FINE R.N. , KOCH V.H. , SHERMAN B.M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTFive male children with chronic renal failure (CRF) and growth retardation were treated with recombinant human GH (somatrem) three times weekly for 6 months. The patients ranged in age from 35 to 91 months and had a mean SD score for height of ‐3.03 ± 1.0 at initiation of therapy. Their mean pretreatment height velocity was 4.94 ± 1.40 cm/year for the year prior to somatrem treatment. Following 6 months of treatment all children had a significant increase in annual height velocity, with the mean annual value for the group being 10.08 ± 1.97 cm/year (p <0.01). Glucose tolerance was monitored and was not significantly affected nor were there any other complications of note. These data indicate that somatrem can produce short‐term accelerated height velocity in the child with growth retardation associated with CRF, The long‐term benefits of therapy in this group of children is under investigation.
Parents’fear regarding fever and febrile seizures
Authors: Stuijvenberg M van , Vos S de , Tjiang GCH , Steyerberg EW , Derksen‐Lubsen G , Moll HA 
Published: August 2010

van Stuijvenberg M, de Vos S, Tjiang GCH, Steyerberg EW, Derksen‐Lubsen G, Moll HA. Parents'fear regarding fever and febrile seizures. Acta Pædiatr 1999; 88: 618‐22. Stockholm. ISSN 0803‐5253In order to improve the effectiveness of information, we studied parents'perceptions and knowledge about fever and febrile seizures. A questionnaire study was carried out among the parents whose children (n = 230) participated in a randomized controlled trial of ibuprofen to prevent recurrent febrile seizures. Of the 230 parents, 181 (79%) responded to the questionnaire. Of all parents, 45% were afraid or very afraid of fever, which was strongly associated with being afraid of recurrent febrile seizures. Parents of children with a non‐West European background were more afraid. The consequences of parental fear included frequent temperature measurements (25% measured five times per day or more), sleeping in the same room (24%) and 13% remained awake at night. Witnessing a febrile seizure is a frightening experience for parents; a majority thought that febrile seizures were harmful, because they look dangerous. Forty‐seven percent thought that their child was dying during the initial febrile seizure. On the other hand, reassuring information may be helpful: 21% mentioned it as their reason to consider febrile seizures not harmful. We conclude that parental fear of fever and febrile seizures is a major problem with several negative consequences for daily family life. Adequate provision of information may reduce parental fear. We suggest that information about fever and febrile seizures should be provided to all parents, preferably during their contact with the providers of preventive healthcare. The parents of children with a non‐West European origin need extra attention. □Fever, febrile seizures, information, questionnaire
Incidence, ultrasonic patterns and resolution of nephrocalcinosis in very low birthweight infants
Authors: Saarela T , Vaarala A , Lanning P , Koivisto M 
Published: August 2010

Saarela T, Vaarala A, Lanning P, Koivisto M. Incidence, ultrasonic patterns and resolution of nephrocalcinosis in very low birthweight infants. Acta Pædiatr 1999; 88: 655‐60. Stockholm. ISSN 0803‐5253This longitudinal study was undertaken in order to elucidate the incidence and natural course of nephrocalcinosis in preterm infants and to evaluate whether the ultrasonic classification for nephrocalcinosis used here is suitable for predicting subsequent resolution of the condition. A total of 129 very low birthweight infants were screened for nephrocalcinosis by renal ultrasonography at 2 wk, 6 wk and 3 mo. The pyramidal changes were classified as peripheral, scattered or extensive. Follow‐up renal ultrasonography was performed on the infants with nephrocalcinosis at 6, 12, 18 and 24 mo, and thereafter annually up to 6 y of age, or until ultrasonic resolution. The overall incidence of nephrocalcinosis was 20% (26/129). Nephrocalcinotic changes were peripheral in 14 out of the 26 infants (54%), scattered in 7 (27%) and extensive in 5 (19%). Ultrasonic resolution had taken place in all the cases with peripheral nephrocalcinosis by 12 mo, but 3 of the 7 infants with the scattered pattern and 3 of the 4 with the extensive pattern (1 died) were still affected at 24 mo. In two cases with extensive nephrocalcinosis the condition still persisted at 5‐6 y of age. We conclude that about 20% of very low birthweight infants develop nephrocalcinosis during the first 3 mo of life. In about half of the affected infants renal changes are restricted and transient, but more extensive forms may last several years. The classification of nephrocalcinosis used here is appropriate for predicting later ultrasonic resolution. □Kidney, nephrocalcinosis, preterm infant, ultrasound
Evolving experience in the management of empyema thoracis
Authors: Shankar KR , Kenny SE , Okoye BO , Carty ML , Lloyd DA , Losty PD 
Published: August 2010

The optimal management of paediatric empyema thoracis remains controversial. The objective of the study was to analyse evolving experience in clinical presentation, management, outcome and factors contributing to adverse morbidity in thoracic empyema. Forty‐seven patients presenting to a paediatric surgical centre were studied in three consecutive 6‐y periods during 1980‐97 to compare any change in the pattern of disease influencing diagnosis and management. Patients were categorized into two treatment groups: (i) conservative management (antibiotics and/or tube thoracostomy), (ii) thoracotomy. The median duration of illness prior to hospital admission was 10 d (range 1‐42 d). Ultrasound was increasingly utilized in the diagnosis and staging of empyema and played an important role in directing definitive management. The presence of loculated pleural fluid determined the need for thoracotomy. Sixteen of 20 patients (80%) who were initially treated with thoracocentesis or tube thoracostomy eventually needed thoracotomy. There was a positive shift in management towards early thoracotomy resulting in prompt symptomatic recovery. Significant complications were noted in seven children who had delayed thoracotomy. These included recurrent empyema with lung abscess (n= 2), scoliosis (n= 2), restrictive lung disease (n= 1), bronchopleural fistula (n= 1) and sympathetic pericardial effusion (n= 1). An unfavourable experience with delayed thoracotomy during the study period has led us to adopt a more aggressive early operative approach to empyema thoracis. The decision to undertake thoracotomy has been influenced by the ultrasound findings of organized loculated pleural fluid. Delayed surgery was associated with adverse outcome.Whilst fibrinolytics and thoracoscopy may provide attractive options for early empyema, thoracotomy can hasten patient recovery regardless of the stage of disease. Prospective randomized trials are required to assess the ideal therapy for childhood empyema.
Development of atopic sensitization and allergic diseases in early childhood
Authors: Vasar M , Julge K , Björkstén B 
Published: August 2010

Atopic diseases and atopic sensitization were studied from birth up to 2 y in a population‐based prospective study. Physical examinations were done at 6, 12 and 24 mo, including skin‐prick tests and blood samples, for the determination of serum IgE level and circulating IgE antibodies to food and inhalant allergens. In addition, questionnaire surveys were done about clinical symptoms of allergy, infections and the home environment. At 2 y the prevalences of definite and probable atopic diseases were 17% and 13%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of allergy was 25%. Atopic dermatitis was the main manifestation of atopy, with a peak prevalence of 15% at 2 y. The prevalence of positive skin‐prick tests was constant at all ages, i.e. 7% at 6, 12 and 24 mo. Positive skin‐prick tests against inhaled allergens were more than twice as common at 24 than at 12 mo, while sensitivity to food decreased. In contrast, circulating IgE antibodies to egg became more common with age, reaching 20% at 2 y.Conclusions: The present study indicates that manifestations of allergic diseases and incidence of sensitization to foods and inhalants are equally common in Estonian and Scandinavian children during the first 2 y of life, despite a much lower prevalence among older children and adults in Estonia.
Growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birthweight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Sonntag J , Grimmer I , Scholz T , Metze B , Wit J , Obladen M 
Published: August 2010

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) on neurodevelopmental outcome and growth. Neurodevelopmental outcome of 20 out of 22 suriviving very low birthweight infants (VLBW) diagnosed with NEC between 1992 and 1996 was compared with 40 control infants matched for gestational age and year of admission. Follow‐up studies were performed at 12 and 20 mo of corrected age. The German revision of the Griffiths' scales was used for development assessment. Neurodevelopment was significantly delayed in infants with NEC at 12 mo (median general developmental quotient: 90.0 vs 97.8; p = 0.04) and 20 mo (86.4 vs 97.7; p = 0.004) of age. Somatic growth did not differ between infants with and without NEC. Fifty‐five percent of infants suffering from NEC but only 22.5% of the infants without NEC were severely retarded (developmental quotient < ‐2 SD of a control group of healthy newborns) at 20 mo of corrected age. Conclusion: Preterm infants developing NEC are at risk for neurodevelopmental impairment and need close neurodevelopmental follow‐up for the first years of life.
Evaluation of Protein S‐100 serum concentrations in healthy newborns and seven newborns with perinatal acidosis
Authors: Maschmann J , Erb MA , Heinemann MK , Ziemer G , Speer CP 
Published: August 2010

We measured Protein S‐100 serum levels in 66 healthy newborns during the first week of life and in 7 newborns with perinatal acidosis. Normal values (n= 66) constantly ranged between 0.66 and 3.33 ug/1 (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) during the evaluation period. Conclusions: Newborns with signs of hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) after perinatal acidosis showed elevated Protein S‐100 serum levels, whereas newborns without these signs had normal concentrations. S‐100 might thus be a marker of central nervous system damage in newborns.