bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CTD small phosphatase like 2 (CTDSPL2) can increase ε- and γ-globin gene expression in K562 cells and CD34+ cells derived from umbilical cord blood
Authors: Ma Yan-Ni , Zhang Xin , Yu Hai-Chuan , Zhang Jun-Wu 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
A potential strategy for treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia in adults is reactivation of the ε- and γ-globin genes in the adult. We aimed to identify trans-activators of ε- and γ-globin expression and provide new candidate targets for effective treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia through activation of ε- and γ-globin genes in adults.

Results
We identified a CTD small phosphatase like 2 (CTDSPL2) gene that had higher transcription levels in umbilical cord blood (UCB) than in adult bone marrow (BM). Also, transcription of the CTDSPL2 gene increased significantly during erythroid differentiation. Further, we found that overexpression of CTDSPL2 could obviously improve the expression of ε- and γ-globin genes in K562 cells. Meanwhile, the repression of CTDSPL2 by RNA interference decreased expression of ε- and γ-globin genes but did not inhibit the increase of globin gene expression during K562 erythroid differentiation. In addition, the enforced expression of CTDSPL2 gene mediated by lentiviruses could also increase ε- and γ-globin gene expression during erythroid differentiation of CD34+ cells derived from UCB.

Conclusion
CTDSPL2 gene can obviously improve the expression of ε- and γ-globin genes in K562 cells and CD34+ cells derived from UCB. Our study provides a new candidate target for effective treatment of SCD and β-thalassemia.
Genome-wide regulation of innate immunity by juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the Bombyx fat body
Authors: Tian Ling , Guo Enen , Diao Yupu , Zhou Shun , Peng Qin , Cao Yang , Ling Erjun , Li Sheng 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Insect innate immunity can be affected by juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), but how innate immunity is developmentally regulated by these two hormones in insects has not yet been elucidated. In the silkworm, Bombyx mori, JH and 20E levels are high during the final larval molt (4 M) but absent during the feeding stage of 5th instar (5 F), while JH level is low and 20E level is high during the prepupal stage (PP). Fat body produces humoral response molecules and hence is considered as the major organ involved in innate immunity.

Results
A genome-wide microarray analysis of Bombyx fat body isolated from 4 M, 5 F and PP uncovered a large number of differentially-expressed genes. Most notably, 6 antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes were up-regulated at 4 M versus PP suggesting that Bombyx innate immunity is developmentally regulated by the two hormones. First, JH treatment dramatically increased AMP mRNA levels and activities. Furthermore, 20E treatment exhibited inhibitory effects on AMP mRNA levels and activities, and RNA interference of the 20E receptor EcR-USP had the opposite effects to 20E treatment.

Conclusion
Taken together, we demonstrate that JH acts as an immune-activator while 20E inhibits innate immunity in the fat body during Bombyx postembryonic development.
Genome-wide analysis of the effect of histone modifications on the coexpression of neighboring genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Deng Yangyang , Dai Xianhua , Xiang Qian , Dai Zhiming , He Caisheng , Wang Jiang , Feng Jihua 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Neighboring gene pairs in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have a tendency to be expressed at the same time. The distribution of histone modifications along chromatin fibers is suggested to be an important mechanism responsible for such coexpression. However, the extent of the contribution of histone modifications to the coexpression of neighboring genes is unclear.

Results
We investigated the similarity of histone modification between neighboring genes using autocorrelation analysis and composite profiles. Our analysis showed that neighboring genes had similar levels or changes of histone modifications, especially those transcribed in the same direction. The similarities, however, were restricted to 1 or 2 neighboring genes. Moreover, the expression of a gene was significantly correlated with histone modification of its neighboring gene(s), but this was limited to only 1 or 2 neighbors. Using a hidden Markov model (HMM), we found more than 2000 chromatin domains with similar acetylation changes as the cultures changed and a considerable number of these domains covered 2-4 genes. Gene pairs within domains exhibited a higher level of coexpression than random pairs and shared similar functions.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that similar histone modifications occur within only a small local chromatin region in yeast. The modifications generally have an effect on coexpression with only 1 or 2 neighboring genes. Some blocking mechanism(s) might strictly restrain the distribution of histone modifications in yeast.
p27Kip1deficiency promotes prostate carcinogenesis but does not affect the efficacy of retinoids in suppressing the neoplastic process
Authors: Taylor Winna , Mathias Amanda , Ali Arshia , Ke Hengning , Stoynev Nikolay , Shilkaitis Anne , Green Albert , Kiyokawa Hiroaki , Christov Konstantin 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
p27 is a cell cycle suppressor gene, whose protein is a negative regulator of cyclin/cdk complexes. p27 is also a potential target of retinoids in cancer prevention studies. In benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and in most carcinomas, p27Kip1 is down-regulated, suggesting its potential resistance to retinoids. To test this hypothesis, we examined the efficacy of 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) to suppress prostate cell proliferation (PECP) and carcinogenesis in p27Kip1 deficient mice.

Methods
p27Kip1 deficient (-/-), heterozygous (+/-) and homozygous (+/+) mice were treated for 7 days with testosterone, 9cRA, or with both, and cell proliferation in dorsolateral prostate (DLP) was determined by BrdU labeling. Prostate carcinogenesis was induced by N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU) and hormone stimulation.

Results
PECP in DLP of two-month-old mice of all genotypes was similar but significantly increased in old p27-/- mice only. Testosterone treatment increased PECP in all three p27 genotypes with the highest values in p27-/- mice. p27Kip1 deficiency did not affect the response of PEC to 9cRA and to 9cRA+testosterone. The decrease of p27Kip1 in p27+/- and p27-/- mice progressively increased the incidence and frequency of PIN and tumors. 9cRA suppressed PIN in all three p27 genotypes and this was associated with decreased PECP and increased cellular senescence.

Conclusions
This data indicates that p27Kip1 deficiency promotes prostate cell proliferation and carcinogenesis but does not affect 9cRA's potential to suppress prostate carcinogenesis, suggesting that patients with PIN and carcinomas lacking or having a low level of p27Kip1 expression may also benefit from clinical trials with retinoids.
Development of mental health first aid guidelines for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experiencing problems with substance use: a Delphi study
Authors: Hart Laura M , Bourchier Sarah J , Jorm Anthony F , Kanowski Leonard G , Kingston Anna H , Stanley Donna , Lubman Dan I 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Problems with substance use are common in some Aboriginal communities. Although problems with substance use are associated with significant mortality and morbidity, many people who experience them do not seek help. Training in mental health first aid has been shown to be effective in increasing knowledge of symptoms and behaviours associated with seeking help. The current study aimed to develop culturally appropriate guidelines for providing mental health first aid to an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person who is experiencing problem drinking or problem drug use (e.g. abuse or dependence).

Methods
Twenty-eight Aboriginal health experts participated in two independent Delphi studies (n = 22 problem drinking study, n = 21 problem drug use; 15 participated in both). Panellists were presented with statements about possible first aid actions via online questionnaires and were encouraged to suggest additional actions not covered by the content. Statements were accepted for inclusion in the guidelines if they were endorsed by ≥ 90% of panellists as either 'Essential' or 'Important'. At the end of the two Delphi studies, participants were asked to give feedback on the value of the project and their participation experience.

Results
From a total of 735 statements presented over two studies, 429 were endorsed (223 problem drinking, 206 problem drug use). Statements were grouped into sections based on common themes (n = 7 problem drinking, n = 8 problem drug use), then written into guideline documents. Participants evaluated the Delphi method employed, and the guidelines developed, as useful and appropriate for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Conclusions
Aboriginal health experts were able to reach consensus about culturally appropriate first aid for problems with substance use. Many first aid actions endorsed in the current studies were not endorsed in previous international Delphi studies, conducted on problem drinking and problem drug use in non-Indigenous people, highlighting the need for culturally specific first aid strategies to be employed when assisting Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people.
Identification of differences in human and great ape phytanic acid metabolism that could influence gene expression profiles and physiological functions
Authors: Watkins Paul A , Moser Ann B , Toomer Cicely B , Steinberg Steven J , Moser Hugo W , Karaman Mazen W , Ramaswamy Krishna , Siegmund Kimberly D , Lee D Rick , Ely John J , Ryder Oliver A , Hacia Joseph G 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundIt has been proposed that anatomical differences in human and great ape guts arose in response to species-specific diets and energy demands. To investigate functional genomic consequences of these differences, we compared their physiological levels of phytanic acid, a branched chain fatty acid that can be derived from the microbial degradation of chlorophyll in ruminant guts. Humans who accumulate large stores of phytanic acid commonly develop cerebellar ataxia, peripheral polyneuropathy, and retinitis pigmentosa in addition to other medical conditions. Furthermore, phytanic acid is an activator of the PPAR-alpha transcription factor that influences the expression of genes relevant to lipid metabolism.ResultsDespite their trace dietary phytanic acid intake, all great ape species had elevated red blood cell (RBC) phytanic acid levels relative to humans on diverse diets. Unlike humans, chimpanzees showed sexual dimorphism in RBC phytanic acid levels, which were higher in males relative to females. Cultured skin fibroblasts from all species had a robust capacity to degrade phytanic acid. We provide indirect evidence that great apes, in contrast to humans, derive significant amounts of phytanic acid from the hindgut fermentation of plant materials. This would represent a novel reduction of metabolic activity in humans relative to the great apes.ConclusionWe identified differences in the physiological levels of phytanic acid in humans and great apes and propose this is causally related to their gut anatomies and microbiomes. Phytanic acid levels could contribute to cross-species and sex-specific differences in human and great ape transcriptomes, especially those related to lipid metabolism. Based on the medical conditions caused by phytanic acid accumulation, we suggest that differences in phytanic acid metabolism could influence the functions of human and great ape nervous, cardiovascular, and skeletal systems.
Effect of ω-3 and ω-9 fatty acid rich oils on lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases enzymes and on the growth of a mammary adenocarcinoma model
Authors: Comba Andrea , Maestri Damian M , Berra María A , Garcia Carolina Paola , Das Undurti N , Eynard Aldo R , Pasqualini María E 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Nutritional factors play a major role in cancer initiation and development. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have the ability to induce modifications in the activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes that affect tumour growth. We studied the effect of two diets enriched in 6% Walnut and Peanut oils that are rich in ω-3 and ω9 PUFAs respectively on a murine mammary gland adenocarcinoma as compared with the control (C) that received commercial diet.

Results
Peanut oil enriched diet induced an increase in membrane arachidonic acid (AA) content and the cyclooxygenase enzyme derived 12-HHT (p < 0.05) and simultaneously showed decrease in 12-LOX, 15-LOX-2, 15-LOX-1 and PGE activities (p < 0.05) that corresponded to higher apoptosis and lower mitosis seen in this group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Peanut oil group showed lower T-cell infiltration (p < 0.05), number of metastasis (p < 0.05) and tumour volume (p < 0.05) and longer survival rate compared to other groups.

Conclusions
The results of the present study showed that Peanut oil-enriched diet protects against mammary cancer development by modulating tumour membrane fatty acids composition and LOX and COX enzyme activities.
HIV-1 subtype distribution in the Gambia and the significant presence of CRF49_cpx, a novel circulating recombinant form
Authors: de Silva Thushan I , Turner Roxanne , Hué Stéphane , Trikha Roochi , van Tienen Carla , Onyango Clayton , Jaye Assan , Foley Brian , Whittle Hilton , Rowland-Jones Sarah L , Cotten Matthew 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Detailed local HIV-1 sequence data are essential for monitoring the HIV epidemic, for maintaining sensitive sequence-based diagnostics, and to aid in designing vaccines.

Results
Reported here are full envelope sequences derived from 38 randomly selected HIV-1 infections identified at a Gambian clinic between 1991 and 2009. Special care was taken to generate sequences from circulating viral RNA as uncloned products, either by limiting dilution or single genome amplification polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Within these 38 isolates, eight were subtyped as A and 18 as CRF02_AG. A small number of subtype B, C, D viruses were identified. Surprising, however, was the identification of six isolates with subtype J-like envelopes, a subtype found normally in Central Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), with gag p24 regions that clustered with subtype A sequences. Near full-length sequence from three of these isolates confirmed that these represent a novel circulating recombinant form of HIV-1, now named CRF49_cpx.

Conclusions
This study expands the HIV-1 sequence database from the Gambia and will provide important data for HIV diagnostics, patient care, and vaccine development.
Viscoelastic properties of woody hemp core
Authors: Bag Rahime , Beaugrand Johnny , Dole Patrice , Kurek Bernard 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of removing extractives from the woody core of hemp (chènevotte) on the chain mobility of hemicelluloses and lignins, which can react during technological transformation such as de-fibering and/or composite materials production. Extractives are molecules with low molecular weight, which are present in the cell wall matrix and can be readily removed by solvents. In the present paper, the nature and amounts of extractives, removed under different conditions and with solvents of different polarities, were determined. The mobility and structural relaxations of lignins and hemicelluloses were stu-died in situ by dynamic mechanical analysis and dielectric analysis under controlled moisture content. Extractions at low temperature led to rigidification of lignins and plasticizing of hemicelluloses, probably due to local changes by the selective removal of molecules interacting with the polymers. Probably, the accessibility of hemicelluloses to plasticizing water was increased at controlled humidity. In contrast, hot extractions including water induced rigidification of the hemi-celluloses and plasticizing of lignins. This could be related to a combination of molecule extractions and chemical modi-fications of both polymers. This interpretation is supported by the variation of activation energy for relaxation of hemi-celluloses. It can be concluded that each type of extraction has a clear specific effect on the relaxation properties of the amorphous cell wall polymers.
Sex Differences in Gingivitis Relate to Interaction of Oral Health Behaviors in Young People
Authors: Furuta Michiko , Ekuni Daisuke , Irie Koichiro , Azuma Tetsuji , Tomofuji Takaaki , Ogura Toshio , Morita Manabu 
Published: October 2010

Background:Although many epidemiologic surveys have shown that gingivitis is more prevalent in males than in females, few studies have clearly explained what causes this difference. The objective of the present study is to explain the sex difference in gingivitis based on the interaction between oral health behaviors and related factors, such as knowledge, attitude, and lifestyle, in young people.Methods:The study was comprised of 838 subjects (440 males and 398 females), aged 18 and 19 years. Gingivitis was assessed by the percentage of bleeding on probing (%BOP). Additional information was collected regarding oral hygiene status, oral health behaviors, and related factors. Structural equation modeling was used to test pathways from these factors to %BOP. Multiple‐group modeling was also conducted to test for sex differences.Results:Females had greater knowledge, a more positive attitude, a healthier lifestyle, and higher level of oral health behaviors than males. There were significant differences in the paths (i.e., from lifestyle, knowledge, and attitude to %BOP) through oral health behaviors and oral health status.Conclusions:Sex‐based differences in gingivitis in young people can be explained by oral health behaviors and hygiene status, which are influenced by lifestyle, knowledge, and attitude. To prevent gingivitis, different approaches to males and females may be useful.
The cricetid rodents from Gratkorn (Austria, Styria): a benchmark locality for the continental Sarmatian sensu stricto (late Middle Miocene) in the Central Paratethys
Authors: Prieto Jérôme , Böhme Madelaine , Gross Martin 
Published: October 2010

The cricetid rodents from Gratkorn (Austria, Styria): a benchmark locality for the continental Sarmatiansensu stricto(late Middle Miocene) in the Central ParatethysThe recent discovery of a terrestrial vertebrate assemblage in the clay pit St. Stefan at Gratkorn (Austria, Styrian Basin) is of major importance for our understanding of the evolution of late Middle Miocene mammal assemblages in the Paratethys realm. The cricetid rodent assemblage includes four species:Megacricetodon minutusDaxner, 1967,Democricetodonsp. nov. (sensuKälin & Engesser 2001),Eumyarionsp., and "Cricetodon" fandlisp. nov. The latter species belongs to the "Cricetodon" fandli-C. klariankaeHír, 2007 lineage, which allows for a long-distance correlation with other late Middle Miocene/earliest Late Miocene European localities. The biostratigraphic conclusions drawn from the study of the fossils from Gratkorn concurs with the age estimates based on regional geology, paleomagnetic measurements, and the gastropod-based biostratigraphy at the base of the Late Sarmatians. str.(late Serravallian, latest Volhynian), around 12-12.2 Ma (Chron C5An.1n) ago.
G. de Humboldt et la linguistique générale
Authors: Quilien Jean 
Published: October 2010

Jean QUILLIEN: G. von Humboldt et la linguistique générale. The conception of the sign as the central element of language is a constant feature in the history of language theories and becomes essential with Saussure who, by considering the arbitrary sign, the semiotic unit, as the theoretical matrix of the science of language, lays the foundations of modern structural linguistics, which he situates within the general field of semiology. G. von Humboldt, who was the theoretical source of nineteenth century historical and comparative linguistics, developed a theory of language that took structural analysis into account. Language is ergon,
a system of signs, and the word, bringing together signifiant and signifié,
is the semiotic unit; this, however, is only one dimension, and not the most important. In order to understand language, semiotic analysis must give way to semantic analysis. The definition of language as a semiotic system is only the condition of speech, and not speech itself; it is a virtuality and is not actualized, whereas speech is essentially
in actu. Language should not be considered separately from its realization in discourse, that is, the discourse of an actual speaker in a given culture, the member of a community and heir to its history. In short, language is in essence energeia, an infinite production of meaning, and every language includes a certain view of the world. Humboldt tried therefore to account for the two dimensions of language, the semiotic and the semantic, the former being subordinate to the latter. If it is the word sign which is the keyword for Saussure, in the case of Humboldt it is the word meaning.
Ellipse et syntaxe de concordance chez quelques grammairiens classiques
Authors: Clerico Geneviève 
Published: October 2010

GENEVIÈVE CLÉRICO: Some classical grammarians' conception of ellipsis and the syntax of concord. Linacre, Sanctius, Lancelot, Du Marsais and Beauzée ail made use of ellipsis in the various parts of linguistic analysis (morpho-syntax, lexicology, semantics) and they all suggested highly interesting theoreticaljustifications for its «foundation».
First, a few salient points on «reconstruction» and «suppletion», key elements in the organisation of «grammaire générale», are reviewed. This is followed by a more specific study of the potentialities of ellipsis applied to the syntax of concord, since the use of ellipsis for complement government is more generally known. Is is a fact that the restitution of a basie canonical form by rewriting, controversial though it may be, is more readily accepted in the treatment of syntactic concatenation and of intra-propositional relations than in concord phenomena, just as well described by syllepsis, the only figure of substitution that these grammarians still include in their methodological framework. We test the usefulness of ellipsis for a satisfactory treatment of «concord through meaning» (conceptio), or to account for the contrast between «generic» and «specific» terms. We are led to conclude that ellipsis is unable ta throw light on certain linguistic facts.
La "logique intensionnelle"est-elle vraiment intensionnelle ?
Authors: Desclés Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2010

Jean-Pierre Descles: Is the «lntensional Logic» Truly Intensional? Starting from an analysis of a concept as «course-of-values» in
Grundgsetze (the Basic Laws of Arithmetic) of Frege, the A. proposes a new characterization of intensionaI equality vs extensional equality. This opposition belongs to a project for defining clearly the duaiity intensioniextension by means oÏ mathematical anà logic tools (combinatory logic and topology -theories of topoi and sheaves -). This approach is closely connected with an adequate formalization of traditional and classic viewpoints in logic, for instance with Leibnitz's views. It is not clear that the actual «intensionallogic» constructed from the works of Karnap, Church and Montague is connected with the classic and old problem of the intension. The linguistics needs an intensional approach for treatinf examples with negation in natural languages.