bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using non‐monetary deprivation indicators to analyze poverty and social exclusion: Lessons from Europe?
Authors: Nolan Brian , Whelan Christopher T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNon‐monetary indicators of deprivation are now widely used in studying poverty in Europe. While measuring financial resources remains central, having reliable information about material deprivation adds to the ability to capture poverty and social exclusion. Non‐monetary indicators can help improve the identification of those experiencing poverty and understand how it comes about. They are most productively used when multidimensionality is explicitly taken into account, both in framing the question and in empirical application. While serious methodological and measurement issues remain to be addressed, material deprivation indicators allow for new insights in making poverty comparisons across countries and analyzing changes over time. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Treatment of primary CNS germinomatous germ cell tumors with chemotherapy prior to reduced dose whole ventricular and local boost irradiation
Authors: Khatua Soumen , Dhall Girish , O'Neil Sharon , Jubran Rima , Villablanca Judith G. , Marachelian Araz , Nastia Arti , Lavey Robert , Olch Arthur J. , Gonzalez Ignacio , Gilles Floyd , Nelson Marvin , Panigrahy Ashok , McComb Gordon , Krieger Mark , Fan Jing , Sposto Richard , Finlay Jonathan L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a reduced irradiation dose strategy for newly diagnosed primary central nervous system (CNS) germinomas.MethodsTwenty patients with histologically diagnosed localized pure germinoma (n = 19) or germinoma with a mature teratoma component (n = 1) received four cycles of carboplatin and etoposide at 3‐week intervals. In 18 patients, chemotherapy was followed by whole ventricular irradiation to 21.6–25.5 Gy with a simultaneous integrated or sequential primary site boost to 30–30.6 Gy. Initial tumor markers for beta‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCGβ) and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) were evaluated in serum and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Endoscopic biopsies were performed in 12 patients and partial resections in the remaining 8 patients at diagnosis. Neurocognitive function was evaluated periodically following treatment.ResultsEighteen of 20 patients are without evidence of residual or recurrent tumor. Both relapsing patients were subsequently determined to harbor malignant non‐germinomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT). This retrospective study shows that the Kaplan–Meier estimates of event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) at 3 years for all 20 patients were 89.5 ± 7.1% and 100%, respectively. Neurocognitive function was well preserved in all 19 evaluable patients.ConclusionChemotherapy followed by reduced dose whole ventricular and local boost irradiation appears to be effective in patients with localized pure CNS germinoma with evidence of preservation of neurocognitive function. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:42–46. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First‐trimester serum marker distribution in singleton pregnancies conceived with assisted reproduction
Authors: Engels M. A. J. , Kooij M. , Schats R. , Twisk J. W. R. , Blankenstein M. A. , van Vugt J. M. G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate marker distribution of free β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (fβ‐hCG) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) in singleton pregnancies conceived by assisted reproduction techniques (ART).MethodsIn vitro fertilization (IVF) (n = 203) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (n = 192) cases from a database of 14 645 first‐trimester combined tests (overall study group) were selected and matched to 1164 controls for gestational age at sample date and maternal age.ResultsIn the IVF group and ICSI group, lnPAPP‐A was lower (IVF 6.74 vs 7.08; P = 0.0001; ICSI 6.59 vs 7.07; P = 0.0001) compared with the matched controls. Lnfβ‐hCG was lower in the IVF group (3.75 vs 3.90; P = 0.005) but not significantly different in the ICSI group (3.87 vs 3.93; P = 0.27). The computed correction factors for PAPP‐A and fβ‐hCG were 1.42 and 1.17 for the IVF group and 1.56 and 1.05 for the ICSI group.The false‐positive rate (FPR) in the IVF and ICSI group compared with the matched controls was higher (IVF 10.3% vs 8.6% and ICSI 10.9% vs 7.5%). In the overall age‐biased [maternal age significantly lower compared with all ART and control groups] study group the FPR was 6.8%.ConclusionThe increase in FPR in the ART groups can be explained by decreased PAPP‐A values. Therefore, an adjustment in risk analysis for Down syndrome is suggested. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Left ventricle shortening fraction: a comparison between euploid and trisomy 21 fetuses in the first trimester
Authors: Calda Pavel , Brestak Miroslav , Tomek Viktor , Ostadal Bohuslav , Sonek Jiri 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectivesMeasurement of the shortening fraction of the left ventricle (SFLV) is an objective way to assess systolic performance. The aim of the study was to compare first trimester SFLV values in euploid fetuses to those in fetuses with trisomy 21.MethodsWe measured SFLV in 56 fetuses from 11 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days. The left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD) and left ventricular systolic diameter (LVSD) were measured offline, and SFLV was calculated. The data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsWe found a significant difference in the SFLV measurements between the group of 49 euploid fetuses and the 7 fetuses with trisomy 21 [38.00 (95% CI: 33.72–42.27) vs 49.93 (95% CI: 43.72–56.13)] (p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in the nuchal translucency measurements between the two groups: 1.78 mm (95% CI: 1.08–2.48 mm) in the euploid population versus 5.06 mm (95% CI: 3.61–6.71 mm) in the fetuses with trisomy 21 (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the group of euploid fetuses and the group of trisomy 21 fetuses in the following parameters: CRL (chorionic villus sampling), LVDD and LVSD.ConclusionsSFLV is a well‐defined, simple measurement of systolic function of the fetal myocardium. SFLV values in fetuses with trisomy 21 appear to be significantly higher than in euploid fetuses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
End‐capping double‐chain stranded polypseudorotaxanes using lengthily tunable poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) blocks via atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Tong Xinming , Gao Peng , Zhang Xiaowen , Ye Lin , Zhang Ai‐ying , Feng Zeng‐guo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOwing to a large cavity, γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD) can form double‐chain inclusion complexes with linear polymeric chains such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ε‐caprolactone). However, to date few reports have focused on the end‐capping of these kinds of fascinating supramolecular entities. In this study, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was employed to prepare double‐chain stranded polyrotaxanes (PRs) with lengthily tunable poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) blocks as bulky end‐cappers. ATRP of HEMA was carried out using pseudopolyrotaxanes (PPRs) self‐assembled from a distal 2‐bromoisobutyryl end‐capped PEG (BriB‐PEG‐iBBr) with varying amounts of γ‐CDs as macroinitiator in the presence of Cu(I)Br/N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine in aqueous solution at room temperature. The resulting PRs were demonstrated by the unique H‐like double‐chain stranded supramolecular architecture end‐capped with lengthily tunable PHEMA blocks. When the feed molar ratio of γ‐CD:BriB‐PEG‐iBBr varied from 5 to 60 in PPRs, the feed molar ratio in PRs was found to remain at around 20 with a higher yield. ATRP was successfully applied to prepare double‐chain stranded PRs end‐capped with lengthily tunable PHEMA blocks. This provides a protocol for the preparation of novel H‐like PR‐based block copolymers. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Why intensive interventions are necessary for students with severe reading difficulties
Authors: Vaughn Sharon , Denton Carolyn A. , Fletcher Jack M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article reviews research related to intensive interventions within a Response to Intervention framework. We review the research from studies that provided different levels of intensity of intervention with the goal of establishing a case that movement through less intensive tiers of intervention may not be an effective and responsible approach to addressing the reading difficulties of some students, particularly those with significant reading difficulties or disabilities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A measure of emergent literacy for students with severe developmental disabilities
Authors: Baker Joshua N. , Spooner Fred , Ahlgrim‐Delzell Lynn , Flowers Claudia , Browder Diane M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study examined the underlying structure of the Nonverbal Literacy Assessment (NVLA), an instrument designed to measure emergent literacy for K–fourth‐grade students with severe developmental disabilities. The NVLA was conceptualized as having six constructs that reflected emergent literacy skills: (a) phonemic awareness, (b) phonics, (c) comprehension, (d) vocabulary, (e) listening comprehension, and (f) text awareness. Confirmatory factor analysis using data from 207 student administrations was used to examine the six‐factor model and two alternative models. Results suggested that all three models fit the data, but the high corrections coefficients among the constructs suggested that a one‐factor model of emergent literacy was the best‐fitting model. Implications and limitations are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐Layer Fragment Arresting Jacket for High Density PETN Pressing Operation
Authors: Kaur Simran , Gupta Shallu , Pal Dinesh Kumar , Raychaudhuri Tusharkanti 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSafety is one of the main concerns while pressing high explosives. Many initiating devices consist of a pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) high density column, which is pressed manually in a pneumatic press using a die–plunger assembly. An accidental initiation of the pellet while pressing may lead to severe damages to the press and injuries to the operator. In this paper, a multi‐layer jacket is proposed to be used around the die–plunger assembly during pressing to absorb the energy released by PETN, reduce the shock pressure and arrest fragments in case of an accidental initiation/explosion. The design is based on the stress–strain characteristics of the materials and impedance mismatch principle.
Structure of the catalytic domain of the human mitochondrial Lon protease: Proposed relation of oligomer formation and activity
Authors: García‐Nafría Javier , Ondrovičová Gabriela , Blagova Elena , Levdikov Vladimir M. , Bauer Jacob A. , Suzuki Carolyn K. , Kutejová Eva , Wilkinson Anthony J. , Wilson Keith S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractATP‐dependent proteases are crucial for cellular homeostasis. By degrading short‐lived regulatory proteins, they play an important role in the control of many cellular pathways and, through the degradation of abnormally misfolded proteins, protect the cell from a buildup of aggregates. Disruption or disregulation of mammalian mitochondrial Lon protease leads to severe changes in the cell, linked with carcinogenesis, apoptosis, and necrosis. Here we present the structure of the proteolytic domain of human mitochondrial Lon at 2 Å resolution. The fold resembles those of the three previously determined Lon proteolytic domains from Escherichia coli, Methanococcus jannaschii, and Archaeoglobus fulgidus. There are six protomers in the asymmetric unit, four arranged as two dimers. The intersubunit interactions within the two dimers are similar to those between adjacent subunits of the hexameric ring of E. coli Lon, suggesting that the human Lon proteolytic domain also forms hexamers. The active site contains a 310 helix attached to the N‐terminal end of α‐helix 2, which leads to the insertion of Asp852 into the active site, as seen in M. jannaschii. Structural considerations make it likely that this conformation is proteolytically inactive. When comparing the intersubunit interactions of human with those of E. coli Lon taken with biochemical data leads us to propose a mechanism relating the formation of Lon oligomers with a conformational shift in the active site region coupled to a movement of a loop in the oligomer interface, converting the proteolytically inactive form seen here to the active one in the E. coli hexamer.
Specific interactions of sticholysin I with model membranes: An NMR study
Authors: Castrillo Inés , Araujo Nelson A. , Alegre‐Cebollada Jorge , Gavilanes José G. , Martínez‐del‐Pozo Álvaro , Bruix Marta 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSticholysin I (StnI) is an actinoporin produced by the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus that binds biological and model membranes forming oligomeric pores. Both a surface cluster of aromatic rings and the N‐terminal region are involved in pore formation. To characterize the membrane binding by StnI, we have studied by 1H‐NMR the environment of these regions in water and in the presence of membrane‐mimicking micelles. Unlike other peptides from homologous actinoporins, the synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 1–30 tends to form helix in water and is more helical in either trifluoroethanol or dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles. In these environments, it forms a helix‐turn‐helix motif with the last α‐helical segment matching the native helix‐α1 (residues 14–24) present in the complete protein. The first helix (residues 4–9) is less populated and is not present in the water‐soluble protein structure. The characterization of wild‐type StnI structure in micelles shows that the helix‐α1 is maintained in its native structure and that this micellar environment does not provoke its detachment from the protein core. Finally, the study of the aromatic resonances has shown that the motional flexibility of specific rings is perturbed in the presence of micelles. On these bases, the implication of the aromatic rings of Trp‐111, Tyr‐112, Trp‐115, Tyr‐132, Tyr‐136, and Tyr‐137, in the interaction between StnI and the micelle is discussed. Based on all the findings, a revised model for StnI interaction with membranes is proposed, which accounts for differences in its behavior as compared with other highly homologous sticholysins. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) adults with low‐volume applications of insecticides alone and in combination with sex pheromone
Authors: Knight Alan L 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Studies surveyed the toxicity of several insecticides against adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and examined the field effectiveness of applying low‐volume (12 L ha−1) sprays alone or in combination with a microencapsulated (MEC) sex pheromone formulation.RESULTS: Neonicotinyls, organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids significantly reduced fecundity at concentrations nearly 100‐fold lower than their maximum labeled field rate. Field studies in 2005 demonstrated that six applications of esfenvalerate resulted in > 90% reduction in fruit injury versus the untreated check. The addition of the MEC pheromone formulation did not further improve control. Five sprays of esfenvalerate, phosmet and acetamiprid all significantly reduced levels of fruit injury compared with the untreated control in 2006. Esfenvalerate and acetamiprid mixed with the MEC pheromone significantly reduced fruit injury compared with the MEC‐only treatment. Significant increases in pest and decreases in predator mite densities occurred in plots treated with esfenvalerate in both years. Low‐volume sprays of phosmet and acetamiprid did not disrupt mites.CONCLUSION: Low‐volume insecticide sprays can effectively manage codling moth and are less disruptive of integrated mite management. Developing an effective ‘attract and kill’ technology with this approach will require optimization of the attractant(s) to maximize moth exposure to insecticide residues. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aesculus pavia foliar saponins: defensive role against the leafminer Cameraria ohridella
Authors: Ferracini Chiara , Curir Paolo , Dolci Marcello , Lanzotti Virginia , Alma Alberto 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Recently, the leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic has caused heavy damage to the white‐flowering horse chestnut in Europe. Among the Aesculus genus, A. pavia L. HBT genotype, characterised by red flowers, showed an atypical resistance towards this pest. Its leaves, shaken in water, originated a dense foam, indicating the presence of saponins, unlike the common horse chestnut tree. The aim was to isolate and identify these leaf saponins and test their possible defensive role against C. ohridella.RESULTS: Spectroscopic analyses showed that A. pavia HBT genotype leaves contained a mixture of saponins, four of which were based on the same structure as commercial escin saponins, the typical saponin mixture produced by A. hippocastanum and accumulated only within bark and fruit tissues. The mixture showed a repellent effect on C. ohridella moth. The number of mines detected on the leaves of A. hippocastanum plants treated with A. pavia HBT saponins through watering and stem brushing was significantly lower than the control, and in many cases no mines were ever observed.CONCLUSION: The results showed that the exogenous saponins were translocated from roots/stem to the leaf tissues, and their accumulation seemed to ensure an appreciable degree of protection against the leafminer. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Amorphous silicon: Vehicle and test bed for large‐area electronics
Authors: Wagner Sigurd 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper is an informal transcript of the Mott Lecture given at ICANS 23 in Utrecht. While the writer was fortunate to still have seen and heard Sir Nevill Mott at conferences, he came to know him mostly through stories and comments that told of his enthusiasm, his wide‐ranging interests, and the pleasure of interacting with him. Nevill Mott was the guide in preparing this brief account of the success story that amorphous silicon has become, and of what still may come of it. What would he have liked to learn about it today? The Lecture and the present account also reflect the writer's research interest in electronic materials. He wants to convey his opinion that hydrogenated forms of thin‐film silicon, having become the foundation of a large industry, still hold tremendous promise for research and for application.magnified image
LP MOCVD growth of InAlN/GaN HEMT heterostructure: comparison of sapphire, bulk SiC and composite SiCopSiC substrates for HEMT device applications
Authors: di Forte Poisson M.‐A. , Sarazin N. , Magis M. , Tordjman M. , Di Persio J. , Langer R. , Iliopoulos E. , Georgakilas A. , Kominou P. , Guziewicz M. , Kaminska E. , Piotrowska A. , Gaquière C. , Oualli M. , Chartier E. , Morvan E. , Delage S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper we report on low‐pressure metalorganic vapour deposition of InAlN/GaN heterostructures grown on different substrates (Sapphire, bulk SiC, composite SiCopSiC) for HEMT applications, and on first device performances obtained with these heterostructures. Optimisation of the crystal growth on each kind of substrate has led to InAlN/GaN HEMT heterostructures grown on bulk SiC and on composite SiCopSiC substrates which are successfully compared, in terms of material quality, to the standard GaAlN/GaN HEMT heterostructures grown on bulk SiC substrates. First devices based on InAlN/GaN heterostructures grown on bulk SiC exhibit very good microwave performances, with output power of 10.3 W/mm at 10 GHz, similar to those obtained with GaAlN/GaN heterostructures, confirming the promising potential of InAlN material. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface photovoltage spectroscopy ‐ method and applications
Authors: Cavalcoli Daniela , Cavallini Anna 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSurface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) allows for obtaining a detailed picture of the electronic structure of semiconductors. In SPS, changes in band bending at the free semiconductor surface are monitored as a function of external illumination. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy can provide detailed, quantitative information on bulk properties (e.g. bandgap and conductivity type, defect states energy, and lifetime) and can be used for complete construction of surface and interface band diagrams, including the measurement of energy levels in quantum structures. Measurements using SPS are contactless and non‐destructive. In addition, they can be performed both in situ and ex situ, at any reasonable temperature, on many semiconducting materials, at any ambient and at any lateral resolution down to the atomic scale. In this review an overview of SPS‐related theory is presented, the SPS experimental set‐up is described and applications for the characterization of a wide variety of materials and structures are presented (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
How to design single‐column model experiments for comparison with observed nocturnal low‐level jets
Authors: Baas P. , Bosveld F.C. , Lenderink G. , van Meijgaard E. , Holtslag A. A. M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSingle‐column models (SCMs) are widely employed to evaluate boundary‐layer parametrizations under well‐controlled conditions. To compare SCM results to observations, these models must be driven by realistic forcings of the three‐dimensional (3D) atmospheric state. However, these forcings are inherently uncertain. The central research question is therefore: can observations be used to distinguish between different parametrization schemes in SCM simulations or is the spread due to uncertainties in the forcings too large? This study investigates this question for the nocturnal low‐level jet (LLJ) at Cabauw. First, we analyse a single LLJ case that has been used for the third GEWEX Atmospheric Boundary Layer Studies (GABLS3) intercomparison study. To estimate the forcings, for this case a blend of local observations and 3D model output has been used. A sensitivity study to both the forcings and the turbulence formulation is performed by using the SCM version of the ECMWF model. The sensitivity to the turbulence parametrization is largest in the bulk of the stable boundary layer (SBL). The influence of the forcings manifests itself mainly in the upper part of the SBL and above. Second, an ensemble of eight comparable LLJ cases is considered. Using forcings derived from 3D model integrations, SCM results of the separate cases show significant deviations from the observations. However, the mean of the SCM simulations agrees well with the mean of the observations. Based on the eight selected LLJ cases, a composite SCM case is defined from the mean forcings of the 3D model. This improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio, which enables a better judgement of the quality of boundary‐layer parametrizations in a comparison with the observations. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society