bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Sox9 by Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is essential for patterning and formation of tracheal cartilage
Authors: Park Jinhyung , Zhang Jennifer J.R. , Moro Anne , Kushida Michelle , Wegner Michael , Kim Peter C.W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe report that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) regulates both formation and patterning of tracheal cartilage by controlling the expression pattern and level of the chondrogenic gene, Sox9. In Shh−/− tracheo‐esophageal tubes, Sox9 expression is transient and not restricted ventrally to the site of chondrogenesis, and is absent at the time of chondrogenesis, resulting in the failure of tracheal cartilage formation. Inhibition of Hedgehog signalling with cyclopamine in tracheal cultures prevents tracheal cartilage formation, while treatment of Shh−/− tracheal explant with exogenous Shh peptide rescues cartilage formation. Both exogenous Bmp4 and Noggin rescue cartilage phenotype in Shh−/− tracheal culture, while promoting excessive cartilage development in wild‐type trachea through induction of Sox9 expression. The ventral and segmented expression of Sox9 in tracheal primordia under Shh modulated by Bmp4 and Noggin thus determine where and when tracheal cartilage develops. These results indicate that Shh signalling is a critical determinant in tracheal cartilage development. Developmental Dynamics 239:514–526, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Churchill and Sip1a repress fibroblast growth factor signaling during zebrafish somitogenesis
Authors: Kok Fatma O. , Shepherd Iain T. , Sirotkin Howard I. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCell‐type specific regulation of a small number of growth factor signal transduction pathways generates diverse developmental outcomes. The zinc finger protein Churchill (ChCh) is a key effector of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling during gastrulation. ChCh is largely thought to act by inducing expression of the multifunctional Sip1 (Smad Interacting Protein 1). We investigated the function of ChCh and Sip1a during zebrafish somitogenesis. Knockdown of ChCh or Sip1a results in misshapen somites that are short and narrow. As in wild‐type embryos, cycling gene expression occurs in the developing somites in ChCh and Sip1a compromised embryos, but expression of her1 and her7 is maintained in formed somites. In addition, tail bud fgf8 expression is expanded anteriorly in these embryos. Finally, we found that blocking FGF8 restores somite morphology in ChCh and Sip1a compromised embryos. These results demonstrate a novel role for ChCh and Sip1a in repression of FGF activity. Developmental Dynamics 239:548–558, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new production function estimate of the euro area output gap
Authors: Lemoine Matthieu , Mazzi Gian Luigi , Monperrus‐Veroni Paola , Reynes Frédéric 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe develop a new version of the production function (PF) approach for estimating the output gap of the euro area. Assuming a CES (constant elasticity of substitution) technology, our model does not call for any (often imprecise) measure of the capital stock and improves the estimation of the trend total factor productivity using a multivariate unobserved components model. With real‐time data, we assess this approach by comparing it with the Hodrick–Prescott (HP) filter and with a Cobb–Douglas PF approach with common cycle and implemented with a multivariate unobserved components model. Our new PF estimate appears highly concordant with the reference chronology of turning points and has better real‐time properties than the univariate HP filter for sufficiently long time horizons. Its inflation forecasting power appears, like the other multivariate approach, less favourable than the statistical univariate method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of tetradecanoylphorbol acetate‐stimulated peripheral blood cells enhances the prognostic value of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Delgado Julio , Aventin Anna , Briones Javier , Sanchez Jana , Nomdedeu Josep , Sierra Jorge 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInterphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I‐FISH) studies have a remarkable prognostic value in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). I‐FISH studies can be performed either on tetradecanoylphorbol acetate stimulated peripheral blood cells (I‐FISH‐TPA) or unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (I‐FISH‐PBMC). The aim of the study was to evaluate whether this finding was clinically relevant in a group of 235 patients with CLL. Fifty‐six patients had both I‐FISH‐TPA and I‐FISH‐PBMC results. Compared with uncultured cells, the cytogenetic detection rate rose from 57 to 80% with the use of TPA‐stimulated cells (P = 0.014). I‐FISH‐TPA provided a better prediction of treatment‐free survival compared with I‐FISH‐PBMC (P = 0.031 vs. 0.166). Then, I‐FISH‐PBMC results from 93 historical patients were compared with 86 recent patients with I‐FISH‐TPA results. Genomic aberrations were detected in 46 and 67% of patients from the I‐FISH‐PBMC and I‐FISH‐TPA cohorts, respectively. The detection rate of 13q deletion as the only aberration increased from 10% with I‐FISH‐PBMC to 37% with I‐FISH‐TPA (P = 0.006). In conclusion, I‐FISH‐TPA increased the detection rate of 13q deletion and had an improved prognostic value compared with I‐FISH‐PBMC. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Awareness of carer distress in people with dementia
Authors: Ablitt Astri , Jones Gregory , Muers Jane 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesPeople caring for family members who have dementia often experience considerable levels of anxiety and depression. However, relatively little is known about the awareness of carer distress among people with dementia. This study investigated whether or not people with dementia are aware of the level of distress experienced by their carers.MethodTwo groups of participants were studied, a dementia group and a control group of people with arthritis. Each group consisted of pairs of people, the person with dementia or arthritis and the family member who acted as their main carer; 40 pairs participated in total. For both groups, the carer's psychological health was rated by the carer themselves and by the care‐recipient, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. For the dementia group, memory functioning in the person with dementia was rated by the care‐recipient themselves and by the carer, using the Memory Function Scale. The ratings made by the carer and care‐recipient were compared to give an indication of the level of awareness in the care‐recipient.ResultsPeople with dementia have a significant level of awareness of their carers' state of psychological health. Their awareness follows the same pattern as that shown by a control group of people with arthritis. The level of awareness of carer psychological health shown by the dementia group was not related to their level of awareness of their own memory difficulties.ConclusionThe clinical implications of awareness of carer distress in people with dementia should be considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of dopamine partial agonists on the nicotine dependency in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Kim Se Hee , Han Doug Hyun , Joo So Youn , Min Kyung Joon 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe compared the effects of haloperidol and three atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, and aripiprazole) on nicotine dependence in schizophrenic patients.MethodsOne hundred and thirty nine schizophrenic patients, who began using antipsychotic medication, were assessed for severity of nicotine dependence and for cigarette craving at baseline and following 8 weeks of treatment using the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) and a Likert‐style, seven point, visual‐analogue rating scale.ResultsNicotine dependence increased in the haloperidol group, but not in atypical antipsychotics groups. Patients treated with aripiprazole showed a reduction both in nicotine dependence and cigarette craving.ConclusionsThe effects of aripiprazole, a partial agonist of the dopamine D2 receptor, may reduce the severity of nicotine dependence in schizophrenic patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of interactiveness between small molecules and enzymes by combining gene ontology and compound similarity
Authors: Chen Lei , Qian Ziliang , Fen Kaiyan , Cai Yudong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDetermination of whether a small organic molecule interacts with an enzyme can help to understand the molecular and cellular functions of organisms, and the metabolic pathways. In this research, we present a prediction model, by combining compound similarity and enzyme similarity, to predict the interactiveness between small molecules and enzymes. A dataset consisting of 2859 positive couples of small molecule and enzyme and 286,056 negative couples was employed. Compound similarity is a measurement of how similar two small molecules are, proposed by Hattori et al., J Am Chem Soc 2003, 125, 11853 which can be availed athttp://www.genome.jp/ligand‐bin/search_compound, while enzyme similarity was obtained by three ways, they are blast method, using gene ontology items and functional domain composition. Then a new distance between a pair of couples was established and nearest neighbor algorithm (NNA) was employed to predict the interactiveness of enzymes and small molecules. A data distribution strategy was adopted to get a better data balance between the positive samples and the negative samples during training the prediction model, by singling out one‐fourth couples as testing samples and dividing the rest data into seven training datasets—the rest positive samples were added into each training dataset while only the negative samples were divided. In this way, seven NNAs were built. Finally, simple majority voting system was applied to integrate these seven models to predict the testing dataset, which was demonstrated to have better prediction results than using any single prediction model. As a result, the highest overall prediction accuracy achieved 97.30%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Force field‐dependant structural divergence revealed during long time simulations of Calbindin d9k
Authors: Project Elad , Nachliel Esther , Gutman Menachem 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe structural and the dynamic features of the Calbindin (CaB) protein in its holo and apo states are compared using molecular dynamics simulations under nine different force fields (FFs) (G43a1, G53a6, Opls‐AA, Amber94, Amber99, Amber99p, AmberGS, AmberGSs, and Amber99sb). The results show that most FFs reproduce reasonably well the majority of the experimentally derived features of the CaB protein. However, in several cases, there are significant differences in secondary structure properties, root mean square deviations (RMSDs), root mean square fluctuations (RMSFs), and S2 order parameters among the various FFs. What is more, in certain cases, these parameters differed from the experimentally derived values. Some of these deviations became noticeable only after 50 ns. A comparison with experimental data indicates that, for CaB, the Amber94 shows overall best agreement with the measured values, whereas several others seem to deviate from both crystal and nuclear magnetic resonance data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Comparison of different treatment alternatives for removal of pesticide from water solution
Authors: Al Momani Fares A. , Shawaqfeh Ahmad T. , Al‐Zoubi Hani 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Removal of recalcitrant chemicals is an essential step in conventional wastewater treatment plants. Among these, pesticides are of great environmental concern. Different treatment options were compared in this work: the combination of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with biological treatment, an aerobic process and anaerobic biological treatments. The role of chemical processes in improving solution biodegradability was verified. Oxidation by‐products were identified and biological process kinetics are reported. The performance of biological processes and their kinetics were studied.RESULTS: Chemical oxidation increased the solution biodegradability index to 0.25. Oxidation by‐products were identified as maleic acid, phenol and a mixture of catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone. The combined processes resulted in 98% organic matter removal. Pesticide degradation followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics with a rate constant in the range 0.5–1.2 L g−1TVSS h−1. An anaerobic process was found to be an attractive option with 92% removal efficiency. The aerobic process had a long adaptation time (>200 days), 80% removal efficiency and an average pseudo‐first‐order rate constant of 0.18 L g−1TVSS h−1.CONCLUSION: Comparison of the investigated processes favoured the use of combined AOPs and biological and/or aerobic biological treatment due to its practical operating conditions. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) using γ‐Al2O3–clay composite ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Monash P. , Majhi Abhijit , Pugazhenthi G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ceramic membranes have received more attention than polymeric membranes for the separation and purification of bio‐products owing to their superior chemical, mechanical and thermal properties. Commercially available ceramic membranes are too expensive. This could be overcome by fabricating membranes using low‐cost raw materials. The aim of this work is to fabricate a low‐cost γ‐Al2O3–clay composite membrane and evaluate its potential for the separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a function of pH, feed concentration and applied pressure. To achieve this, the membrane support is prepared using low‐cost clay mixtures instead of very expensive alumina, zirconia and titania materials. The cost of the membrane can be further reduced by preparing a γ‐alumina surface layer on the clay support using boehmite sol synthesized from inexpensive aluminium chloride instead of expensive aluminium alkoxide using a dip‐coating technique.RESULTS: The pore size distribution of the γ‐Al2O3‐clay composite membrane varied from 5.4–13.6 nm. The membrane was prepared using stable boehmite sol of narrow particle size distribution and mean particle size 30.9 nm. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the surface of the γ‐Al2O3–clay composite membrane is defect‐free. The pure water permeability of the support and the composite membrane were found to be 4.838 × 10−6 and 2.357 × 10−7 m3 m−2 s−1 kPa−1, respectively. The maximum rejection of BSA protein was found to be 95%. It was observed that the separation performance of the membrane in terms of flux and rejection strongly depends on the electrostatic interaction between the protein and charged membrane.CONCLUSION: The successively prepared γ‐Al2O3‐clay composite membrane proved to possess good potential for the separation of BSA with high yield and could be employed as a low cost alternate to expensive ceramic membranes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Collision‐induced dissociation mass spectra of glucosinolate anions
Authors: Bialecki Jason B. , Ruzicka Josef , Weisbecker Carl S. , Haribal Meena , Attygalle Athula B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCollision‐induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra of differently substituted glucosinolates were investigated under negative‐ion mode. Data obtained from several glucosinolates and their isotopologues (34S and 2H) revealed that many peaks observed are independent of the nature of the substituent group. For example, all investigated glucosinolate anions fragment to produce a product ion observed at m/z 195 for the thioglucose anion, which further dissociates via an ion/neutral complex to give two peaks at m/z 75 and 119. The other product ions observed at m/z 80, 96 and 97 are characteristic for the sulfate moiety. The peaks at m/z 259 and 275 have been attributed previously to glucose 1‐sulfate anion and 1‐thioglucose 2‐sulfate anion, respectively. However, based on our tandem mass spectrometric experiments, we propose that the peak at m/z 275 represents the glucose 1‐thiosulfate anion. In addition to the common peaks, the spectrum of phenyl glucosinolate (β‐D‐Glucopyranose, 1‐thio‐, 1‐[N‐(sulfooxy)benzenecarboximidate] shows a substituent‐group‐specific peak at m/z 152 for C6H5‐C(NOH)S−, the CID spectrum of which was indistinguishable from that of the anion of synthetic benzothiohydroxamic acid. Similarly, the m/z 201 peak in the spectrum of phenyl glucosinolate was attributed to C6H5‐C(S)OSO2−. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical study of electromagnetic wave propagation through layered structures with chiral media
Authors: Barba Ismael , Gómez Álvaro , Cabeceira Ana C. L. , Represa José , Vegas Ángel , Solano Miguel A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the characteristics of layered structures (photonic or electromagnetic bandgaps), including chiral media, are studied by means of two different numerical methods, one in the time domain (finite differences in the time domain, FDTD) and the other in the frequency domain (coupled‐mode method, CMM). The results (reflection and transmission coefficients for a plane wave normally incident over a layered structure) obtained by means of both well different techniques are practically identical. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple and sensitive LC‐ESI‐MS method for the quantitation of sildenafil in plasma samples
Authors: Alkharfy Khalid M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSildenafil is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme. A simple and sensitive LC‐MS assay was developed to determine the concentration of sildenafil in human plasma. Sildenafil and omeprazole (internal standard) were extracted from the plasma with diethyl ether. The extract was evaporated under nitrogen and the residue was constituted with ACN and injected onto Novapak C18 column (75×3.9 mm, 4 μm). The mobile phase consisted of 90% ACN plus 10% ammonium acetate (20 mM) containing 0.02% formic acid and was delivered isocratically at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Sildenafil and omeprazole were monitored using a positive electrospray mode with single‐ion recording set at m/z 475 and 346, respectively, which are consistent with [M+H]+ molecular ions, and the run time was less than 5 min. The detection limit of sildenafil was 0.5 ng/mL, and the calibration curve was linear between 0.5 and 2000 ng/mL (R2>0.99). Within‐ and between‐day coefficients of variation were less than 7%. This method has been successfully used to measure sildenafil plasma concentrations in a beagle dog model following an oral administration of the drug.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in vivo
Authors: Mütze J. , Ohrt T. , Schwille P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis review will focus on the application and potential of FCS and FCCS in vivo. Practical issues and sources of artifacts when performing measurements in living cells are discussed. Finally, several extensions to conventional FCS, such as multiphoton excitation, scanning FCS, Fluorescence Lifetime Correlation Spectroscopy, multiplexing FCS and recent approaches to reach smaller excitation volumes are reviewed
Morphology Control of Highly Sulfonated Block Copolymers by a Simple Thermal Process
Authors: Baek Kyung‐Youl , Kim Hyun‐Ji , Lee Sang‐Ho , Cho Kie‐Yong , Kim Hyeong Tae , Hwang Seung Sang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWell‐defined sulfonated block copolymers were prepared by direct thermolysis with block copolymers of n‐butyl acrylate (nBA) and neopentyl styrene sulfonated (NSS), which were synthesized by Cu‐based living radical polymerization ($\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ <1.20). A simple thermal process for 10 min at 150 °C completely deprotected the neopentyl groups in the poly(NSS) block segment to give fully sulfonated polystyrene backbone. SAXS profile of the block copolymer with 47 wt.‐% of poly(NSS) showed lamella structure, which appeared more clearly with long ranged order after sulfonation of the block copolymer.magnified image
Thermodynamic Model of Structure and Shape in Rigid Polymer‐Laden Membranes
Authors: Murugesan Yogesh K. , Rey Alejandro D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA mechanical formulation for multi‐component rigid‐rod‐like polymer‐laden membranes is integrated with the Gibbs‐Duhem equation to describe the role of temperature and adsorption on membrane shape and on the nematic liquid crystal order of the embedded polymer. The rigid‐rod polymer model incorporates curvo‐philic effects promoting polymer re‐orientation along curvature directions and curvo‐phobic effects promoting polymer re‐orientation away from curvature directions, while the membrane curvature energy is described with the Helfrich formulation. The couplings between thermodynamical variables, polymer liquid crystalline order, and membrane curvature are demonstrated and characterized. The theory provides a road‐map to manipulate shape and structure in membranes containing fibers, proteins, and rod‐like polymers.magnified image
Online Monitoring of Polyolefin Particle Growth in Catalytic Olefin Slurry Polymerization by Means of Lasentec Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) and Video Microscopy (PVM) Probes
Authors: Xalter Rainer , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPolymer particle growth in catalytic ethylene slurry polymerizations with SiO2‐supported metallocene and post‐metallocene catalysts was monitored online using a Lasentec FBRM probe inserted into the stirred reactor. FBRM enabled the online monitoring of particle numbers and size distributions. Trend analyses provided time‐resolved information on selected variables of the particle growth processes. FBRM was combined with simultaneous ethylene mass flow measurements in order to distinguish between ideal particle growth and more complex growth processes involving particle fragmentation and aggregation. Additional use of a Lasentec PVM video microscopy probe during ethylene polymerization on a MgCl2‐supported Ziegler catalyst enabled the online visualization of PE particles, complementing the data generated by FBRM online monitoring.magnified image
Berühmte Enden
Authors: Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWelche Molekülenden haben ihren Erforschern schon zu solchen Auszeichnungen verholfen? Kaum hatten die US‐Wissenschaftlerin Elizabeth H. Blackburn von der Universität Kalifornien in San Francisco und Carol W. Greider von der Johns‐Hopkins‐Universität in Baltimore den renommierten deutschen “Paul Ehrlich und Ludwig Darmstädter Preis” erhalten, wurde ihnen – zusammen mit Jack W. Szostak von der amerikanischen Harvard‐Universität – der Nobelpreis für Medizin und Physiologie 2009 verliehen. All das nur, weil sie sich eingehend mit den Enden unserer Chromosomen, den Telomeren, beschäftigen.
Notfallzulassung von Peramivir in den USA
Authors: Bennack Edith , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAm 23. Oktober 2009 hat die Food and Drug Administration (FDA) auf Empfehlung des Centers for Disease Control (CDC) den Neuraminidaseinhibitor (NAI) Peramivir im Rahmen einer “Emergency Use Authorization” (EUA) zur Behandlung der 2009‐H1N1‐Influenza (“Schweinegrippe”) in den USA zugelassen. Nach Oseltamivir (oral) und Zanamivir (inhalativ) steht nun mit Peramivir der erste NAI zur parenteralen Gabe zur Verfügung.
Dengue‐ und West‐Nil‐Virus. Antivirale Strategien
Authors: Klein Christian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInfektionen mit Flaviviren, beispielsweise dem West‐Nil‐ und dem Dengue‐Virus, stellen ein zunehmendes medizinisches Problem in den Tropen und Subtropen dar. Für die Zukunft kann, bedingt durch eine Ausbreitung der Überträgerinsekten in gemäßigte Breiten, ein endemisches Auftreten auch in Mitteleuropa nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Die Bekämpfung von Flaviviren erfolgt momentan insbesondere durch die Kontrolle der Überträgerinsekten. Die Entwicklung von Impfstoffen und antiviralen Arzneimitteln wird intensiv betrieben, mit der Zulassung entsprechender Präparate ist jedoch erst in einigen Jahren zu rechnen.