bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino acid substitution in the core protein has no impact on relapse in hepatitis C genotype 1 patients treated with peginterferon and ribavirin
Authors: Inoue Yuko , Hiramatsu Naoki , Oze Tsugiko , Yakushijin Takayuki , Mochizuki Kiyoshi , Fukuda Kazuto , Mita Eiji , Haruna Yoshimichi , Inoue Atsuo , Imai Yasuharu , Hosui Atsushi , Miyagi Takuya , Yoshida Yuichi , Tatsumi Tomohide , Kiso Shinichi , Kanto Tatsuya , Kasahara Akinori , Takehara Tetsuo , Hayashi Norio 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPrevious reports demonstrated that amino acid (aa) substitutions in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein are predictors of non‐virological responses to pegylated interferon (Peg‐IFN) and ribavirin combination therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of core aa substitutions on viral kinetics during the treatment and relapse after the treatment. The 187 patients with HCV genotype 1 enrolled in this study were categorized into four groups according to core aa substitution patterns: double‐wild group (n = 92), Arg70/Leu91; 70‐mutant group (n = 42), Gln70/Leu91; 91‐mutant group (n = 31), Arg70/Met91; and double‐mutant group (n = 22), Gln70/Met91. The relationship between the core aa substitutions and the virological response was examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that substitution at aa 70 was significantly associated with a poor virological response during the first 12 weeks (decline of <1 log from baseline at week 4, <2 log at week 12), and substitution at aa 91 was significantly associated with detectable HCV RNA at week 24. With respect to relapse, only the ribavirin exposure (odds ratio (OR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60–0.98) and HCV RNA disappearance between weeks 13 and 24 (OR, 23.69; 95% CI, 5.44–103.08) were associated independently with relapse, with no correlation being found with the core aa substitutions and relapse. In conclusion, the results showed that core aa substitutions can be strong predictive factors at pretreatment of the non‐response, but not for relapse, for virological responders with HCV RNA disappearance during treatment. J. Med. Virol. 83:419–427, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of HCV genotype 1 subtypes on the virus response to PEG interferon alpha‐2a plus ribavirin therapy
Authors: Nicot F. , Alric L. , Barange K. , Métivier S. , Dramard J.M. , Combis J.M. , Castan B. , Meurisse J.J. , Payen J.L. , Garipuy D. , Desmorat H. , Peron J.M. , Thebault S. , Morin T. , Renou C. , Barel P. , Guerin B. , Imbert Y. , Sire S. , Sauné K. , Chatelut E. , Izopet J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNew factors that influence the viral response in HCV non‐genotype 2/3 patients must be identified in order to optimize anti‐HCV treatment. This multicenter prospective study evaluates the influence of HCV variability and pharmacological parameters on the virological response of these patients to pegylated interferon α2a (peg‐IFN‐α2a: 180 µg/week) and ribavirin (RBV; 800–1,200 mg/day) for 48 weeks. HCV subtypes were identified by sequencing the NS5B region. Serum RBV and peg‐IFN‐α2a concentrations were measured at weeks 4 and 12. The 115 patients (67 men; median age = 49, range 31–76) included 64 who had never been treated and 27 co‐infected with HIV. The mean baseline HCV RNA was 6.30 ± 0.06 log IU/ml and the HCV genotypes were: G1 (n = 93) with 1a (n = 37) and 1b (n = 50), G4 (n = 20) and G5 (n = 2). Most patients (79/108; 73%) had an early virological response. Independent predictors of an early virological response were interferon naive patients (OR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.15–7.72) and RBV of >2,200 ng/ml at week 12 (OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.31–8.90). Forty of 104 patients (38%) had a sustained virological response. The only independent predictors of a sustained virological response were subtype 1b (OR = 6.82, 95% CI: 1.7–26.8), and HCV RNA <15 IU/ml at week 12 (OR = 25, 95% CI: 6.4–97.6). Thus a serum RBV concentration of >2,200 ng/ml was associated with an early virological response and patients infected with HCV subtype 1b had a better chance of a sustained virological response than did those infected with subtype 1a. J. Med. Virol. 83:437–444, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the coding region of six common rotavirus strains: Evidence for intragenogroup reassortment among co‐circulating G1P[8] and G2P[4] strains from the United States
Authors: Bányai K. , Mijatovic‐Rustempasic S. , Hull J.J. , Esona M.D. , Freeman M.M. , Frace A.M. , Bowen M.D. , Gentsch J.R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe segmented genome of rotaviruses provides an opportunity for rotavirus strains to generate a large genetic diversity through reassortment; however, this mechanism is considered to play little role in the generation of mosaic gene constellations between Wa‐like and DS‐1‐like strains in genes other than the neutralization antigens. A pilot study was undertaken to analyze these two epidemiologically important strains at the genomic level in order to (i) identify intergenogroup reassortment and (ii) to make available additional reference genome sequences of G1P[8] and G2P[4] for future genomics analyses. The full or nearly complete coding region of all 11 genes for 3 G1P[8] (LB2719, LB2758, and LB2771) and 3 G2P[4] (LB2744, LB2764, and LB2772) strains isolated from children hospitalized with severe diarrhea in Long Beach, California, where these strains were circulating at comparable rates during 2005–2006 are described in this study. Based on the full‐genome classification system, all G1P[8] strains had a conserved genomic constellation: G1‐P[8]‐I1‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A1‐N1‐T1‐E1‐E1‐H1 and were mostly identical to the few Wa‐like strains whose genome sequences have already been determined. Similarly, the genome sequences of the 3 G2P[4] strains were highly conserved: G2‐P[4]‐I2‐R2‐C2‐M2‐A2‐N2‐T2‐E2‐E2‐H2 and displayed an overall lesser genetic divergence with reference DS‐1‐like strains. While intergenogroup reassortment was not seen between the G1P[8] and G2P[4] strains studied here, evidence for intragenogroup reassortment events was identified. Similar studies in the post‐rotavirus genomic era will help uncover whether intergenogroup reassortment affecting the backbone genes could play a significant role in any potential vaccine breakthrough events by evading immunity of vaccinated children. J. Med. Virol. 83:532–539, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus among women with normal cervical cytology in Kuwait
Authors: Al‐Awadhi Rana , Chehadeh Wassim , Kapila Kusum 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and type specific distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women with normal cervical cytology in Kuwait. The study is the first of its type in Kuwait and one of few in the Middle East. The age specific distribution of HPV types was determined in 3,011 ThinPrep samples taken from women seeking routine gynaecological care. ThinPrep samples were screened for HPV DNA by real‐time PCR. The type specific distribution of the viruses was determined by PCR‐based sequencing. The results showed that HPV DNA was detected in 71 women (2.4%), and 21 different HPV genotypes were detected, comprising eight high‐risk (HR) (16, 31, 33, 53, 56, 58, 66, and 73), seven low‐risk (LR) (6, 11, 54, 61, 70, 81, and 90), four intermediate‐risk (IR) (67, 82, 83, and 84) and HPV 102 and HPV 106. LR HPV types were found in 71.8% of infected samples, HR types in 32.3%, and IR types in 7%. With regard to age, 40.8% of all HPVs were found in women 30–39 years of age, 29.6% in women 40–49 years of age, 19.7% in women over 50 years and 9.9% in women less than 34 years old. The study shows that the prevalence of HPV infection in Kuwait is among the lowest in the world and suggests that HPV vaccine could prevent the development of HPV associated cervical cancer in 1.39% of young females living in Kuwait. However, more extensive population‐based studies should be undertaken before implementing HPV vaccination. J. Med. Virol. 83:453–460, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic investigation of nosocomial transmission of hepatitis C virus in an oncology ward
Authors: Dencs Ágnes , Hettmann Andrea , Martyin Tibor , Jekkel Csilla , Bányai Tivadar , Takács Mária 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNosocomial hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have been reported from different health‐care settings worldwide. Twenty patients, treated at the same oncology department, with no previous record of hepatitis C infection, tested positive for anti‐HCV antibodies between November 2007 and June 2008. Twelve of the newly infected patients were found to be HCV RNA positive. The common origin of the infections was assumed. To investigate the relatedness of the detected viral strains phylogenetic analyses were performed using sequences from the NS5B and E1/E2 genome regions. A patient carrying HCV for years was also involved in the study. She was treated at the same oncology department and was considered a possible infectious source. The previous HCV carrier harbored subtype 1b, while all other patients were infected with subtype 1a. Sequences from the 12 newly infected patients formed two groups. The viral sequences within the groups were very closely related. A greater evolutionary distance was observed between the two groups; however, their relatedness could be demonstrated by sequences from both regions with high statistical support. The results indicated that nosocomial transmission occurred. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the viruses originated from a common source, possibly a patient carrying highly divergent variants. This presumed infectious source could not be identified in the course of this study. The genotype distribution of Hungarian control sequences included in the analysis confirmed this conclusion, since HCV genotype 1a was found to be relatively uncommon. J. Med. Virol. 83:428–436, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hantavirus infection during a stay in a mountain hut in Northern Slovakia
Authors: Zelena Hana , Zvolankova Vlasta , Zuchnicka Jana , Liszkova Katerina , Papa Anna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHantaviruses in Europe cause human hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with various degree of severity. The most severe form is caused by the Dobrava/Belgrade virus (DOBV), associated with the rodent Apodemus flavicollis. During the last decade cases of infection caused by DOBV have been reported in Central Europe. The present study is a report on two Czech patients with severe HFRS who were infected during their stay in a mountain hut in Northern Slovakia. The two patients, combined with a third case observed in the same year in a nearby village in the Czech Republic, suggest that this region in Central Europe has to be considered as endemic for HFRS. J. Med. Virol. 83:496–500, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of norovirus GII‐4 antibodies in Finnish children
Authors: Nurminen K. , Blazevic V. , Huhti L. , Räsänen S. , Koho T. , Hytönen V.P. , Vesikari T. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNoroviruses (NoVs) are the second most common cause of viral gastroenteritis after rotavirus in children. NoV genotype GII‐4 has emerged as the major type not only in outbreaks of NoV gastroenteritis but also endemic gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. Using baculovirus‐insect cell system virus‐like particles (VLPs) of NoV genotype GII‐4 and an uncommon genotype GII‐12 were produced. These VLPs were used in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for detection of NoV‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies in 492 serum specimens from Finnish children 0–14 years of age collected between 2006 and 2008. NoV IgG antibody prevalence was 47.3% in the age group 7–23 months and increased up to 91.2% after the age of 5 years. Avidity of NoV IgG antibodies was low in the primary infections while high avidity antibodies were detected in the recurrent infections of the older children. In GII‐4 infections, the homologous antibody response to GII‐4 VLPs was stronger than to GII‐12 VLPs but cross‐reactivity between GII‐4 and GII‐12 was observed. Binding of GII‐4 VLPs to a putative carbohydrate antigen receptor H‐type 3 could be blocked by sera from children not infected with NoV during a waterborne outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, protection against NoV infection correlated with strong blocking activity. J. Med. Virol. 83:525–531, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of polymerase replication fidelity with genetic evolution of influenza A/Fujian/411/02(H3N2) viruses
Authors: Wong Karen Ka Yin , Bull Rowena A. , Rockman Steve , Scott Gillian , Stelzer‐Braid Sacha , Rawlinson William 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInfluenza virus evolves continuously through mutations presumed to result from evolutionary pressure driving viral replication. This study examined the relationship between the genetic evolution and replication fidelity of influenza viruses. Analysis of influenza sequences from National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database revealed a gradual decrease in the rate of genetic evolution of A/Fujian/411/02(H3N2)‐like variants after the emergence and predominance of the A/H3N2 Fujian strain in 2002. This decrease may be related to an increase in replication fidelity, which was investigated by assessing mutation frequencies of reassortant viruses carrying the PB1 segment of Fujian variants isolated between 2003 and 2005 in a sequencing‐based plaque assay. The data revealed a threefold decrease in substitution per site of the reassortant viruses carrying the Fujian PB1 segments isolated in 2004–2005 compared with those circulating in 2003. The decrease in mutation frequency paralleled a decrease in genetic evolution of the Fujian variants from the NCBI database. This correlation implicates changes in the polymerase replication fidelity as contributing to altered genetic evolution of influenza viruses. J. Med. Virol. 83:510–516, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analytical and clinical performances of a restriction fragment mass polymorphism assay for detection and genotyping of a wide spectrum of human papillomaviruses
Authors: Lee Hyo‐Pyo , Kim Soo‐Ok , Hwang Tae Sook , Bae Jae‐Man , Kim Soo Nyung , Kim Jae Won , Hwang Sun Young , Lee Han Sung , Shin Soo‐Kyung , Cho Woojae , Hong Sun Pyo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry‐based restriction fragment mass polymorphism (RFMP) assay was adapted to human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping. The analytical sensitivity and the clinical utility were evaluated by testing defined HPV genome equivalents and a total of 426 specimens composed of normal cytology, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The RFMP assay was able to detect 38.4–114.6 genomic equivalents of a wide variety of HPV types. The RFMP assay detected 34 different HPV genotypes in cervical samples of which 8% were found to be multiple‐type infections. The high‐risk HPV positivity rate according to the histological diagnosis was 7.9% (8/101), 31.7% (38/120), 50% (55/110), 86% (37/43), 96.2% (50/52) in normal, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and squamous cell carcinoma subgroups, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivities/specificities for the cervical lesions of squamous cell carcinoma and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse histology were found to be 96.2%/92.1% and 91.6%/92.1%, respectively. The sensitivity, accuracy, wide range of genotype identification and high‐throughput capacity with cost‐effectiveness of the test consumables make the RFMP assay suitable for mass screening and monitoring of HPV‐associated cervical cancer. J. Med. Virol. 83:471–482, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevaccination genomic diversity of human papillomavirus genotype 11: A study on 63 clinical isolates and 10 full‐length genome sequences
Authors: Maver Polona J. , Kocjan Boštjan J. , Seme Katja , Potočnik Marko , Gale Nina , Poljak Mario 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPrevaccination genomic diversity of human papillomavirus genotype 11 (HPV 11) was established by sequencing 40% of the genome of 63 clinical isolates obtained from an ethnogeographically closed Caucasian cohort, and full‐length genome sequencing of the ten most divergent isolates. In the study, which included the largest number of isolates to date, by analyzing pooled L1, LCR, E6, E5a, and E5b sequences (3,217 bp) of an individual isolate, a total of 23 genomic variants were identified, of which three (5 isolates) and twenty (58 isolates) corresponded to prototypic and non‐prototypic variant groups, respectively. Several novel, potentially important mutations are described. Full‐length genome sequences of ten isolates revealed more than 99% similarity to the HPV 11 prototype isolate. The minimum genomic distance between the full‐length sequences of genomic variants and the prototype was 3 point mutations and 2 inserts and the maximum distance 31 point mutations, one insertion and one deletion. Within the ethnogeographically closed cohort investigated in this study, HPV 11 was shown to be less polymorphic in comparison to the majority of HPV genotypes studied to date. J. Med. Virol. 83:461–470, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Algorithm based on CMV kinetics DNA viral load for preemptive therapy initiation after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Halfon Philippe , Berger Pierre , Khiri Hacene , Martineau Agnès , Pénaranda Guillaume , Merlin Michèle , Faucher Catherine 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPreemptive therapy in hematopoietic cell transplantation is initiated by a diagnostic technique at first detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV). The aim of this study was to use the viral dynamics of CMV DNA viral to start preemptive therapy, and to prospectively compare the CMV viral load kinetics to pp65 antigenemia. Two hundred sixty‐three blood samples were collected prospectively from 93 patients. All clinical decisions regarding use of preemptive therapy were based on CMV antigenemia. Based on the positivity of the antigen assay and clinical CMV outcome in allotransplant patients, an optimal threshold of 3.05 log 10 (1,130 copies/ml) was found to discriminate patients who required preemptive therapy and those who did not (sensitivity, 71%; specificity, 65%). A DNAemia level increase of 2.24 log 10 (174 copies/ml) per day was the optimal threshold to discriminate between patients who required preemptive therapy and those who did not (sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 43%). Sensitivity of PCR assay was 92.4% compared with 39% for the antigen assay (P < 0.001). A standardized real‐time PCR assay is more appropriate than the antigen assay for detecting CMV. It allowed earlier diagnosis of active CMV infection and monitoring of the response to anti‐CMV treatment. J. Med. Virol. 83:490–495, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of HIV‐1 from patients with virological failure to a boosted protease inhibitor regimen
Authors: Lillemark Marie Rathcke , Gerstoft Jan , Obel Niels , Kronborg Gitte , Pedersen Court , Jørgensen Louise Bruun , Madsen Tina Vasehus , Katzenstein Terese Lea 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe use of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) regimens with unboosted protease inhibitors (PIs) has resulted in a high level of virological failure primarily due to the development of resistant virus. Current boosted PI regimens combine successfully low‐dose ritonavir (r) with a second PI. The aim of the study was to estimate the proportion of patients, in a population based setting, who develop virological failure on a PI/r regimen. Through The Danish HIV Cohort Study 1,007 patients who received PI/r based treatment between 1995 and 2008 were identified. Twenty‐three (2.3%) experienced virological failure, of whom 19 (83%) started PI/r treatment before 2001. Patients from Copenhagen (n = 19) were selected to study the development of protease (PR) and gag cleavage site (CS) mutations during PI/r treatment and PI plasma levels at the time of virological failure. Three patients (16%) developed major PI resistance mutations. Mutations in the p7/p1 and p1/p6 gag CS only developed in patients with major or minor mutations in PR. Drug concentrations were low or undetectable in 10 out of the 19 patients. In total PR resistance mutations and low drug levels could account for 12 (63%) of the failure cases. In conclusion, virological failure to PI/r is a low and decreasing problem primarily caused by low plasma drug levels and to a lesser extent major PR mutations. Gag CS mutations did not contribute significantly to resistance development and virological failure. J. Med. Virol. 83:377–383, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coxsackievirus B3‐associated aseptic meningitis: An emerging infection in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Ann H. , Lau C.S. , Cheng Peter K.C. , Ng Anita Y.Y. , Lim Wilina W.L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEnterovirus (EV) infection is a common disease of childhood and associated not uncommonly with aseptic meningitis. In the summer of 2008, laboratory surveillance has detected increased number of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) associated aseptic meningitis in Hong Kong, constituting 11.6% of those infected. This study analyzed the epidemiology, circulating pattern, and clinical presentations of CVB3 in Hong Kong over the last 10 years with reference to the circulation of EV in the locality. Enteroviruses (EV) were isolated from respiratory, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), stool, and vesicular samples using human rhabdomyosarcoma, human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2‐C), human lung fibroblast (MRC‐5), and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell lines. Virus isolates were identified and characterized by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) using monoclonal antibodies (mAB), neutralization test as well as partial VP1 sequencing. Different from previous years, IF test result showed that majority of the isolates from 2008 were untypeable by the mAB suggesting antigenic change. Sequence analysis revealed that these isolates were clustered with recent isolate from Fuyang, China. Review of data from 1999 to 2008 showed increased activity of CVB3 in the years 2005 and 2008, and isolates in these 2 years displayed an amino acid change from threonine to alanine at codon 277 of the VP1 gene, which may be associated with central nervous system (CNS) disease. J. Med. Virol. 83:483–489, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.