bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient temporal error concealment algorithm for H.264/AVC inter frame decoding
Authors: Liu Xingang , Yang Laurence T. , Zhu Wei , Sohn Kwanghoon 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYDuring the real‐time video transmission over error‐prone network, the compressed video signal is very sensitive to the channel disturbances, and the packet loss cannot be avoided which causes the video quality reduction in the destination. To satisfy the audiences' visual feeling, the decoder attempts to conceal the error effect by using the spatial or temporal domain information to estimate the missing video content. In this paper, an efficient temporal error concealment (ETEC) algorithm is proposed for H.264/AVC Inter frame decoding to eliminate the error effect for Human Visual System (HVS). The 4 × 4 block size is used as the basic motion vector (MV) recovery unit to increase the error concealment (EC) accuracy, and the MV of the lost macroblock (MB) is recovered by employing the MV information of the neighboring intact MBs based on the geometry and data interpolation. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance compared with the existing TEC methods not only for the objective quality measurement, but also for the HVS subjective view perception. Because of its simple composition, the proposed algorithm is pervasive to be used in the real‐time multimedia communication systems with the video coding standard H.264/AVC. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental enrichment delays pup‐induced maternal behavior in rats
Authors: Mann Phyllis E. , Gervais Kristen J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAdult, virgin rats do not spontaneously display maternal behavior when exposed to foster pups. However, continuous daily exposure of the female to foster pups for about 5–7 days can induce a set of maternal behaviors similar to those shown by postpartum dams. Induction latencies depend upon a number of factors, including the stress and anxiety levels of the female. The goal of this study was to attempt to mitigate the likely stressfulness of being singly housed during testing by enriching the rat's home cage environment and to determine if the concomitant environmental change would alter the latency to express maternal behavior. In addition, the effect of varying the number of test pups used for testing was examined. Two groups of virgin Sprague–Dawley rats were first tested on the elevated plus maze after 1 week of exposure to either control (standard housing) or enriched conditions. One week later, maternal behavior testing began using one or three pups. Upon completion of maternal behavior testing, plasma corticosterone concentrations were determined following a mild stressor. The data indicate that enrichment tends to increase anxiety‐like behaviors in the elevated plus maze. In addition, enrichment delayed the onset of maternal behavior irrespective of the number of test pups. There were no effects of environmental enrichment on plasma corticosterone levels following exposure to a stressor. These results indicate that what is considered a modestly enriched environment delays the expression of pup‐oriented responses and does not apparently reduce stress or improve performance on all behavioral tasks. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:371–382, 2011.
Cannabinoid/agonist WIN 55,212‐2 reduces cardiac ischaemia–reperfusion injury in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: role of CB2 receptors and iNOS/eNOS
Authors: González Cristina , Herradón Esperanza , Abalo Raquel , Vera Gema , Pérez‐Nievas Beatriz G. , Leza Juan Carlos , Martín Ma Isabel , López‐Miranda Visitación 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes increases cardiac damage after myocardial ischaemia. Cannabinoids can protect against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to examine the cardioprotective effect of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212‐2 (WIN) against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes. We performed these experiments in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat, and focused on the role of cannabinoid receptors in modulation of cardiac inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/endothelial‐type nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression.MethodsMale 20‐week‐old Zucker diabetic fatty rats were treated with vehicle, WIN, the selective CB1 or CB2 receptor antagonists AM251 and AM630, respectively, AM251 + WIN or AM630 + WIN. Hearts were isolated from these rats, and the cardiac functional response to ischaemia/reperfusion injury was evaluated. In addition, cardiac iNOS and eNOS expression were determined by western blot.ResultsWIN significantly improved cardiac recovery after ischaemia/ reperfusion in the hearts from Zucker diabetic fatty rats by restoring coronary perfusion pressure and heart rate to preischaemic levels. Additionally, WIN decreased cardiac iNOS expression and increased eNOS expression after ischaemia/reperfusion in diabetic hearts. WIN‐induced cardiac functional recovery was completely blocked by the CB2 antagonist AM630. However, changes in NOS isoenzyme expression were not affected by the CB antagonists.ConclusionsThis study shows a cardioprotective effect of a cannabinoid agonist on ischaemia/reperfusion injury in an experimental model of a metabolic disorder. The activation mainly of CB2 receptors and the restoration of iNOS/eNOS cardiac equilibrium are mechanisms involved in this protective effect. These initial studies have provided the basis for future research in this field. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on ‘Combined DTP‐HBV‐HIB vaccine versus separately administered DTP‐HBV and HIB vaccines for primary prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae B (HIB)’
Authors: Ladhani S. , Borrow R. , Ramsay M. E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis is a commentary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Bar‐On ES, Goldberg E, Fraser A, Vidal L, Hellmann S, Leibovici L. Combined DTP‐HBV‐HIB vaccine versus separately administered DTP‐HBV and HIB vaccines for primary prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae B (HIB). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD005530. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD005530.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Combined DTP‐HBV‐HIB vaccine versus separately administered DTP‐HBV and HIB vaccines for primary prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae B (HIB)’
Authors: Canadian Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Bar‐On ES, Goldberg E, Fraser A, Vidal L, Hellmann S, Leibovici L. Combined DTP‐HBV‐HIB vaccine versus separately administered DTP‐HBV and HIB vaccines for primary prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae B (HIB). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD005530. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005530.pub2. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Pimozide for tics in Tourette’s syndrome'
Authors: Canadian Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Pringsheim T, Marras C. Pimozide for tics in Tourette's syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006996. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006996.pub2. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Pimozide for tics in Tourette’s syndrome'
Authors: Coffey Barbara J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis is a commentary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Pringsheim T, Marras C. Pimozide for tics in Tourette's syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006996. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006996.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Manipulative interventions for reducing pulled elbow in young children’
Authors: Patel Dilip R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis is a commentary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Krul M, van der Wouden JC, van Suijlekom‐Smit LWA, Koes BW. Manipulative interventions for reducing pulled elbow in young children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD007759. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD007759.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentaries on ‘Diclofenac for acute pain in children’
Authors: de Velde Anne Van , Camu Frederic , Kokki Hannu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Standing JF, Savage I, Pritchard D, Waddington M. Diclofenac for acute pain in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD005538. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005538.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Non‐pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children’
Authors: Canadian Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Yip P, Middleton P, Cyna AM, Carlyle AV. Non‐pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006447. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006447.pub2. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentaries on ‘Non‐pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children’ with a response by the review authors
Authors: Kain Zeev N. , Strom Suzanne , Kim Jarmila , Splinter William M. , Cyna Allan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Yip P, Middleton P, Cyna AM, Carlyle AV. Non‐pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006447. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006447.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Stridor at night
Authors: Moja Lorenzo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDr Cochrane is a unique self‐learning experience—the integration of Cochrane evidence with a quirky fictional story and multiple‐choice questions provides readers with the opportunity to explore and understand the applicability of a Cochrane Review or Overview in a new way. In this series of fictional clinical vignettes, Dr Cochrane travels across time from the past century to the present day, to solve clinical problems using evidence from Cochrane Reviews. Read the associated article and/or listen to the Evidence‐Based Child Health podcast available online at www.cochrane.org/podcasts/and then test your knowledge with six multiple choice questions. You can find the answers to the questions on page 276.Based on:Candice Bjornson, Kelly Russell, Michelle Foisy, David W Johnson The Cochrane Library and the Treatment of Croup in Children: An Overview of Reviews.Hartling L, Scott S, Pandya R, et al.: Storytelling as a communication tool for health consumers: development of an intervention for parents of children with croup. Stories to communicate health information. BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:64. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Density Functional Calculations on Protonation of the [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Model Complex Fe2(μ‐pdt)(CO)4(PMe3)2 and Subsequent Isomerization Pathways
Authors: Liu Caiping , Peck Jamie N. T. , Wright Joseph A. , Pickett Christopher J. , Hall Michael B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractResults of density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the protonation of the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase model complex, Fe2(μ‐pdt)(CO)4(PMe3)2 (pdt = propane‐1,3‐dithiolate), show that diiron bridging‐hydride species are more stable than iron terminal‐hydride, sulfur‐hydride, or formyl isomers. Consistent with experimental observation, the transoid basal/basal forms are more stable than other μ‐H isomers. With an ether as the proton carrier, [Et2OH]+, the favoured reaction pathways appear to involve weak coordination to CO followed by transfer of the proton from ether to an iron terminal site rather than directly to the bridging site. These kinetically favoured terminal‐hydride species isomerize through a low‐energy Ray‐Dutt twist to produce the apical/basal bridging‐hydride isomer. This isomer rearranges over somewhat higher barrier Bailar twists to the cisoid and transoid basal/basal isomers, the former finally rearranging to the latter isomer.
Comparing the Reactivity of Benzenedithiolate‐ versus Alkyldithiolate‐Bridged Fe2(CO)6 Complexes with Competing Ligands
Authors: Streich Daniel , Karnahl Michael , Astuti Yeni , Cady Clyde W. , Hammarström Leif , Lomoth Reiner , Ott Sascha 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe reactivity of [(μ‐X2bdt)Fe2(CO)6] [(bdt)1, X2bdt = 3,6‐disubstituted bezenedithiolate; X = H, Cl] with ligands of different donor strengths is investigated and compared to that of [(μ‐pdt)Fe2(CO)6] [(pdt)1, pdt = propyldithiolate] and [(μ‐edt)Fe2(CO)6] [(edt)1, edt = ethyldithiolate]. Strong donor ligands (L = CN–, PMe3) when added to (bdt)1 lead to mononuclear [(bdt)Fe(L)2(CO)2], (bdt)6(L), in a disproportionation and fragmentation reaction, while simple ligand‐substitution reactions occur on (edt)1 and (pdt)1 under identical conditions. In the presence of weaker ligands such as secondary amines or dmf, the alkyldithiolate‐bridged complexes are unreactive, while (bdt)1 transforms to an O2‐sensitive, magnetically uncoupled species, potentially a mononuclear FeI complex coordinated by bdt and at least 2 CO ligands.
Water Adsorption Characteristics of MIL‐101 for Heat‐Transformation Applications of MOFs (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 4/2011)
Authors: Ehrenmann Johannes , Henninger Stefan K. , Janiak Christoph 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows how the evaporation of water vapor driven by the adsorption into an empty MOF‐sorbent generates useful cooling (for air‐conditioning) and useful heat of adsorption. The principle is demonstrated in the right half of the picture. The infrared photograph in the lower right part visualizes the different temperature levels after opening the manual valve with cooling to 5 °C of the water container and heating to 45 °C of the sorbent material. The empty MOF can be regenerated in minute intervals, preferably by solar heat. Details for MIL‐101, which adsorbs 1 g of water per gram of MOF, are discussed in the Short Communication by J. Ehrenmann, S. Henninger and C. Janiak on p. 471 ff.
Carboxylate Binding by Indole‐Based Guanidinium Receptors: Acylguanidinium Cations are Better than Aromatic Guanidinium Cations
Authors: Rether Carolin , Schmuck Carsten 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of three new indole‐based guanidinium cations 3, 4, and 16, that feature two different types of anion binding sites, either an acylguanidium cation (3) or an aromatic guanidinium cation (4) or both (16), is presented. NMR binding studies with N‐acetylalaninecarboxylate as substrate in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) show that the acylated guanidinium cation is a significantly better anion binding site than the aromatic cation by at least one order of magnitude. Therefore, in dication 16, which possesses both binding sites, stepwise formation of the 1:1 and the 1:2 complex is observed with similar affinities for each binding site to those determined for the monocations 3 and 4. However, a more detailed analysis using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies revealed that this apparent similarity in affinity is due to completely different thermodynamic reasons. For example, whereas substrate binding by the acylguanidinium cation in 3 is controlled by enthalpy, complex formation by the same binding site in dication 16 is driven by entropy. Simply looking at association constants or ΔG values can, therefore, be misleading. A thorough understanding of molecular recognition events requires closer inspection of ΔH and ΔS.
Gaining Control: Direct Suzuki Arylation of Dihydroazulenes and Tuning of Photo‐ and Thermochromism
Authors: Petersen Michael Åxman , Broman Søren Lindbæk , Kilså Kristine , Kadziola Anders , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA protocol for functionalizing the seven‐membered ring of the DHA/VHF photochromic system via a Suzuki cross‐coupling was developed. Kinetic studies reveal that direct attachment of an aromatic moiety on the seven‐membered ring strongly affects the thermal back reaction. By the introduction of an anilino group, pH control of both the photochromic and thermochromic properties was obtained. Furthermore, it was possible to switch between three different states: two photochromic and one thermochromic.
Synthesis of a Focused Chemical Library Based on Derivatives of Embelin, a Natural Product with Proapoptotic and Anticancer Properties
Authors: Viault Guillaume , Grée Danielle , Das Saibal , Yadav Jhillu Singh , Grée René 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of new derivatives of embelin, a natural inhibitor of X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is described. The design of these new molecules involved introduction of aromatic groups directly linked to the benzoquinone core. To allow a large flexibility in the nature and the length of the added chain, the strategy involves first aSuzuki–Miyaura reaction with functionalized aromatics, yielding a first generation of molecules. Then, by appropriate use of the functional groups, a second generation of representative embelin derivatives was prepared.
Studies on the Intermolecular Hydroarylation of N‐Ts‐ or N‐Ac‐Protected Indoles and 2,3‐Allenoates
Authors: Fang Zhao , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn operationally simple, TFA‐promoted regioselective hydroarylation reaction of 2,3‐allenoates with N‐Ts‐ or N‐Ac‐indoles to afford 4‐indolyl‐4‐arylbut‐2‐enoates is described. A series of substrates was tested, and the E/Z selectivity was found to depend on the reaction temperature and time. A mechanism involving the formation of E and Z allylic carbocations generated in situ from the reaction of 2,3‐allenoate with TFA and subsequent Friedel–Crafts attack at the 3‐position of the indoles was proposed to explain the results.
A loss‐of‐function variant of the antiviral molecule MAVS is associated with a subset of systemic lupus patients
Authors: Pothlichet Julien , Niewold Timothy B. , Vitour Damien , Solhonne Brigitte , Crow Mary K. , Si‐Tahar Mustapha 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDysregulation of the antiviral immune response may contribute to autoimmune diseases. Here, we hypothesized that altered expression or function of MAVS, a key molecule downstream of the viral sensors RIG‐I and MDA‐5, may impair antiviral cell signalling and thereby influence the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the prototype autoimmune disease. We used molecular techniques to screen non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MAVS gene for functional significance in human cell lines and identified one critical loss‐of‐function variant (C79F, rs11905552). This SNP substantially reduced expression of type I interferon (IFN) and other proinflammatory mediators and was found almost exclusively in the African‐American population. Importantly, in African‐American SLE patients, the C79F allele was associated with low type I IFN production and absence of anti‐RNA‐binding protein autoantibodies. These serologic associations were not related to a distinct, functionally neutral, MAVS SNP Q198K. Hence, this is the first demonstration that an uncommon genetic variant in the MAVS gene has a functional impact upon the anti‐viral IFN pathway in vivo in humans and is associated with a novel sub‐phenotype in SLE. This study demonstrates the utility of functional data in selecting rare variants for genetic association studies, allowing for fewer comparisons requiring statistical correction and for alternate lines of evidence implicating the particular variant in disease.
Disruption of the SapM locus in Mycobacterium bovis BCG improves its protective efficacy as a vaccine against M. tuberculosis
Authors: Festjens Nele , Bogaert Pieter , Batni Anjana , Houthuys Erica , Plets Evelyn , Vanderschaeghe Dieter , Laukens Bram , Asselbergh Bob , Parthoens Eef , De Rycke Riet , Willart Monique A. , Jacques Peggy , Elewaut Dirk , Brouckaert Peter , Lambrecht Bart N. , Huygen Kris , Callewaert Nico 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) provides only limited protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. We tested the hypothesis that BCG might have retained immunomodulatory properties from its pathogenic parent that limit its protective immunogenicity. Mutation of the molecules involved in immunomodulation might then improve its vaccine potential. We studied the vaccine potential of BCG mutants deficient in the secreted acid phosphatase, SapM, or in the capping of the immunomodulatory ManLAM cell wall component with α‐1,2‐oligomannoside. Both systemic and intratracheal challenge of mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis following vaccination showed that the SapM mutant, compared to the parental BCG vaccine, provided better protection: it led to longer‐term survival. Persistence of the SapM‐mutated BCG in vivo resembled that of the parental BCG indicating that this mutation will likely not compromise the safety of the BCG vaccine. The SapM mutant BCG vaccine was more effective than the parental vaccine in inducing recruitment and activation of CD11c+MHC‐IIintCD40int dendritic cells (DCs) to the draining lymph nodes. Thus, SapM acts by inhibiting recruitment of DCs and their activation at the site of vaccination.