bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on manufacturing of EDM electrodes by laser sintering process
Authors: S Shashank , Pinto Thomas , C G Ramachandra , M Prashanth Pai , M J Raghavendra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The abstract aims to investigate the comparative performance of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) with unconventional machining processes. Unconventional machining processes have gained significant attention due to their versatility and capability to fabricate intricate components with high precision. This study focuses on assessing the efficacy of EDM and SLS techniques in terms of data removal rate and relative wear volume. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a thermal erosion process that utilizes electrical discharges to remove material from a workpiece. In contrast, Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that employs a laser to selectively fuse powdered material, layer by layer, to build up a three-dimensional object. Both methods offer unique advantages in terms of precision, speed, and material compatibility. The performance evaluation of these techniques involves analyzing key parameters such as data removal rate, which measures the volume of material removed per unit time, and relative wear volume, which quantifies the wear on the tool or workpiece during the machining process. By comparing these metrics, insights into the efficiency and effectiveness of EDM and SLS can be gained, aiding manufacturers and researchers in selecting the most suitable method for specific applications. Through experimental investigations and data analysis, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the capabilities and limitations of EDM and SLS in unconventional machining processes. The findings will contribute to advancing the understanding of these techniques and optimizing their utilization in various industrial sectors, including aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering. The experimental analysis examines the impact of the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process parameter on sintering depth. The optimized parameters for AlSi10Mg alloy powder sintering were obtained using laser power at 162 W, scanning speed at 156 mm s−1, porosity at 20%, laser area size of 0.2 mm, and layer thickness of 1 mm.
Explainable machine learning assisted molecular-level insights for enhanced specific stiffness exploiting the large compositional space of AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloys
Authors: Gupta K K , Barman S , Dey S , Mukhopadhyay T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Design of high entropy alloys (HEA) presents a significant challenge due to the large compositional space and composition-specific variation in their functional behavior. The traditional alloy design would include trial-and-error prototyping and high-throughput experimentation, which again is challenging due to large-scale fabrication and experimentation. To address these challenges, this article presents a computational strategy for HEA design based on the seamless integration of quasi-random sampling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and machine learning (ML). A limited number of algorithmically chosen molecular-level simulations are performed to create a Gaussian process-based computational mapping between the varying concentrations of constituent elements of the HEA and effective properties like Young’s modulus and density. The computationally efficient ML models are subsequently exploited for large-scale predictions and multi-objective functionality attainment with non-aligned goals. The study reveals that there exists a strong negative correlation between Al concentration and the desired effective properties of AlCoCrFeNi HEA, whereas the Ni concentration exhibits a strong positive correlation. The deformation mechanism further shows that excessive increase of Al concentration leads to a higher percentage of face-centered cubic to body-centered cubic phase transformation which is found to be relatively lower in the HEA with reduced Al concentration. Such physical insights during the deformation process would be crucial in the alloy design process along with the data-driven predictions. As an integral part of this investigation, the developed ML models are interpreted based on Shapley Additive exPlanations, which are essential to explain and understand the model’s mechanism along with meaningful deployment. The data-driven strategy presented here will lead to devising an efficient explainable ML-based bottom-up approach to alloy design for multi-objective non-aligned functionality attainment.
An adaptive particle swarm optimization with information interaction mechanism
Authors: Liu Rui , Wei Lisheng , Zhang Pinggai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes an adaptive particle swarm optimization with information interaction mechanism (APSOIIM) to enhance the optimization ability of the PSO algorithm. Firstly, a chaotic sequence strategy is employed to generate uniformly distributed particles and to improve their convergence speed at the initialization stage of the algorithm. Then, an interaction information mechanism is introduced to boost the diversity of the population as the search process unfolds, which can effectively interact with the optimal information of neighboring particles to enhance the exploration and exploitation abilities. Therefore, the proposed algorithm may avoid premature and perform a more accurate local search. Besides, the convergence was proven to verify the robustness and efficiency of the proposed APSOIIM algorithm. Finally, the proposed APSOIIM was applied to solve the CEC2014 and CEC2017 benchmark functions as well as famous engineering optimization problems. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed APSOIIM has significant advantages over the compared algorithms.
Bio-realistic neural network implementation on Loihi 2 with Izhikevich neurons
Authors: Uludağ Recep Buğra , Çağdaş Serhat , İşler Yavuz Selim , Şengör Neslihan Serap , Aktürk İsmail 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Neuromorphic systems are designed to emulate the principles of biological information processing, with the goals of improving computational efficiency and reducing energy usage. A critical aspect of these systems is the fidelity of neuron models and neural networks to their biological counterparts. In this study, we implemented the Izhikevich neuron model on Intel’s Loihi 2 neuromorphic processor. The Izhikevich neuron model offers a more biologically accurate alternative to the simpler leaky-integrate and fire model, which is natively supported by Loihi 2. We compared these two models within a basic two-layer network, examining their energy consumption, processing speeds, and memory usage. Furthermore, to demonstrate Loihi 2’s ability to realize complex neural structures, we implemented a basal ganglia circuit to perform a Go/No-Go decision-making task. Our findings demonstrate the practicality of customizing neuron models on Loihi 2, thereby paving the way for constructing spiking neural networks that better replicate biological neural networks and have the potential to simulate complex cognitive processes.
Talking water: interplay of gender, trust and expertise in agricultural extension groups in Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Riera Félix Sebastián , Hunecke Claudia , Gennari Alejandro J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Stakeholder adaptation is a critical strategy to overcome changing climate patterns worldwide. Still it relies on the speed and effectiveness of information flow to end-users. Research shows that the loss of information in several stages of its spread and learning from peers is more important than the knowledge circulated by extension services. Women’s participation and contribution are supportive and strategic, depending on the level of agreement and the interplay of trust variables within the network. In the arid Andes, agriculture is central and dependent on water management and macroeconomic conditions that shape market prospects, irrigation practices, and stakeholder behavior. Data were collected using the platform of a capacity-building program for organisations of water users in the Diamante and Atuel River basins in Mendoza, Argentina. Social Network Analysis (SNA) contributes to unveiling the cornerstones of information flow by identifying group structures, strong bonds, and bottlenecks in water management systems. In the first step, we evaluated the characteristics (density, centrality, average shortest path, and degree) of the pre-existing relationships and five sub-topic networks. Second, we compare networks containing pre-existing links only with those formed during the lecture. Emphasizing adaptation practices to cope with climate change impacts, the results provide valuable insights into the intricate interplay of gender dynamics, trust, expertise recognition, and discussion patterns within water and agricultural extension groups in Argentina. These insights highlight the ongoing need to promote gender equity, address biases in expertise recognition, and leverage trust for meaningful knowledge exchanges within evolving social contexts. It also reveals the alignment of Argentina’s gender performance with similar production setups in Southern America or the Global North, highlighting the universality of challenges and opportunities in fostering inclusive and equitable participation. Our findings indicate that each group within the two river basins exhibits numerous pre-existing links and tends to be less accessible to newcomers, resulting in a shorter average path. Thus, information can spread faster. Trust is an underlying facilitator for sensible topics and a catalyzer for communication.
The Dizziness of Freedom
Authors: Rondel David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The first half of this chapter gives an overview of Søren Kierkegaard’s thinking about the nature and meaning of anxiety: about the kind of affect he takes anxiety to be; about why we are anxious and where anxiety comes from on his view; about what he means when he says, “Whoever has learned to be anxious in the right way has learned the ultimate.” The second half of the chapter considers how anxiety and freedom can be experienced as incompatible, even negatively correlated, states. That is, how anxiety has a tendency to supress the sense of a person’s freedom, and conversely, how a gain in freedom implies a corresponding diminution of anxiety.
Anxiety Reveals the Nothing
Authors: Rondel David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores existential anxiety through the philosophy of death. With Martin Heidegger serving as primary guide, the chapter considers a handful of prominent Heideggerian theses about the close, mutually constitutive relationship between anxiety and death. In particular, (1) that contemplation of death is a (or the) preeminent source of anxiety, (2) that the fundamental “mood” of anxiety is always, at bottom, about the nothingness (or Nichtigkeit) of death, and finally, (3) that anxiety has much to teach us about the attitude it is best to adopt in the face of the fact that, one day, we will be dead.
The Participation of Ferroptosis in Fibrosis of the Heart and Kidney Tissues in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Huang Ya-Qi , Peng Kuang , Yan Jun , Chen Hui-Lin , Jiang Pei-Yong , Du Ya-Fang , Ling Xiang , Zhang Si-Liang , Wu Jie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Salt-sensitive hypertension is often more prone to induce damage to target organs such as the heart and kidneys. Abundant recent studies have demonstrated a close association between ferroptosis and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we hypothesize that ferroptosis may be closely associated with organ damage in salt-sensitive hypertension. This study aimed to investigate whether ferroptosis is involved in the occurrence and development of myocardial fibrosis and renal fibrosis in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats.

METHODS
Ten 7-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-SS) rats were adaptively fed for 1 week, then randomly divided into two groups and fed either a normal diet (0.3% NaCl, normal diet group) or a high-salt diet (8% NaCl, high-salt diet group) for 8 weeks. Blood pressure of the rats was observed, and analysis of the hearts and kidneys of Dahl-SS rats was conducted via hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, Prussian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy, tissue iron content detection, malondialdehyde content detection, immunofluorescence, and Western blot.

RESULTS
Compared to the normal diet group, rats in the high-salt diet group had increases in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (P &lt; 0.05); collagen fiber accumulation was observed in the heart and kidney tissues (P &lt; 0.01), accompanied by alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure, reduced mitochondrial volume, and increased density of the mitochondrial double membrane. Additionally, there were significant increases in both iron content and malondialdehyde levels (P &lt; 0.05). Immunofluorescence and Western blot results both indicated significant downregulation (P &lt; 0.05) of xCT and GPX4 proteins associated with ferroptosis in the high-salt diet group.

CONCLUSIONS
Ferroptosis is involved in the damage and fibrosis of the heart and kidney tissues in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats.
Temperance With Tranexamic Acid: Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Abdominoplasty
Authors: Mess Sarah A , Stephanos Katarina N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is used widely in surgery to mitigate blood loss by inhibiting the fibrinolytic degradation of clots. The occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with TXA has not been reported in the plastic surgery literature. In the realm of plastic surgery, abdominoplasty has the highest rate of VTE. The purpose of this study is to report 5 cases of VTE with TXA. A single surgeon reviewed the records of 5 patients who incurred VTE with TXA. TXA was added to the tumescent fluid, 20 mg/kg total. Four of the 5 patients underwent abdominoplasty combined with liposuction and breast surgery, and the fifth, fat transfer to the breast. The abdominoplasty patients had received chemoprophylaxis. Upon presentation of symptoms, the patients were sent to the hospital for anticoagulation and hematology consultation. The 5 patients survived their VTE events; 2 only required oral anticoagulation, 2 required IV heparin then oral, and 1 required tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) then oral. VTE with abdominoplasty occurred in 0 of 399 cases prior to the use of TXA and in 4 of 98 cases after the use of TXA in the tumescent. Although the occurrence of VTE with abdominoplasty increased with the use of TXA for the senior author, this retrospective case study does not prove a causal relationship between TXA and VTE.

Level of Evidence: 4
Publication Trends in Aesthetic Breast Surgery: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Rupra Roshan Singh , Daneshi Kian , Liyanage Dinithi , Ceccaroni Alessandra , Gentile Antonioenrico , Khajuria Ankur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Aesthetic breast surgery (ABS) encompasses breast augmentation, breast reduction, mastopexy, and mastopexy augmentation. This topic has seldom been assessed as a bibliometric study. This analysis aims to address this gap and identify trends in ABS literature to guide future research areas. Bibliometrics, the quantitative analysis of publications, particularly scholarly literature, offers valuable insights into research trends and impact.

Objectives
This analysis aims to address this gap and identify trends in ABS literature to guide future research areas.

Methods
The 100 most-cited publications in ABS were identified on Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia, PA), across all available journal years (from 1953 to 2024). Study details, including the citation count, main content focus, and outcome measures, were extracted and tabulated from each publication. The Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine and levels of evidence (LOE) of each study were assessed.

Results
The 100 most-cited publications in ABS were cited by a total of 11,522 publications. Citations per publication ranged from 46 to 1211 (mean 115.2 ± 135.7), with the highest-cited study being the Pusic BREAST-Q paper (n = 1211). A majority of publications were LOE 4 (n = 30), representative of the large number of case series. The number of publications for LOE 5, 3, 2, and 1 was 12, 28, 21, and 9, respectively. The main content focus was “outcomes” in 52 publications, followed by “nonoperative management” (n = 12) and “surgical technique” (n = 12). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were used in 29 publications, and 53 publications reported aesthetic outcome measures.

Conclusions
This analysis highlights that research methodologies in ABS studies should be improved. This necessary improvement would be facilitated by vigorous, high-quality research, and the implementation of validated ABS-specific PROMs enhancing patient satisfaction, particularly in aesthetic procedures, such as BREAST-Q.

Level of Evidence: 4
Perihepatic caudate lobe haematoma originating from a pancreatic pseudoaneurysm: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Ozaki Ippei , Suyama Yohsuke , Hamamoto Kohei , Hyoe Eiko , Fujisaku Mai , Shinmoto Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite advances in diagnostic imaging and interventional techniques, pancreatic pseudoaneurysms remain a life-threatening complication of pancreatitis. Presentation varies among patients and may include intra-abdominal, retroperitoneal, or gastrointestinal bleeding and bleeding into the pancreatic or common bile duct. We present a unique case of a 74-year-old man with a history of heavy alcohol consumption who presented with a haematoma surrounding the caudate lobe of the liver. Initially, alcoholic cirrhosis and a ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma were suspected. Therefore, transarterial embolization (TAE) of the caudate branch of the hepatic artery was performed. However, 3 months later, the patient experienced abdominal pain with a lesser sac haematoma and a seemingly interconnected pancreatic cyst. One month later, a pseudoaneurysm appeared in the pancreatic cyst. TAE was successfully performed for the pseudoaneurysm, and the patient showed no signs of recurrence during the 1-year follow-up.
Solution-processed ZnO thin film with high-density quantum dots via particle size control strategy
Authors: Zheng Liubin , Yunoki Nozomi , Suzuki Nana , Ogino Kenji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Solution-derived ZnO quantum dot is one of the most widely used electron-transport layers in optoelectronic devices. To achieve high-efficiency in optoelectronic devices it is required that a thin film of ZnO quantum dot with low surface roughness and low defect intensity is developed. Herein, alcoholic solvents with different alkyl lengths were utilized to dissolve tetramethylammonium hydroxide to fine-tune the polarity of the solution, to achieve ZnO quantum dots with controllable particle size and monodisperse in alcohol solvents. Two kinds of ZnO quantum dots with particle sizes of 6 and 12 nm detected by dynamic light scattering were successfully prepared by this method. Furthermore, by mixing these two types of quantum dots, ZnO films with a different packing mode were fabricated, which exhibited lower surface defect density and surface roughness. This approach offers a novel pathway to reduce issues such as current leakage associated with ZnO as an electron-transport layer. What's more, the small particle size ZnO quantum dots effectively fill the gaps between the large particle size quantum dots, resulting in a film with a higher density of quantum dots. This increased density contributes to the higher electrical conductivity of the ZnO film.
Prehospital tirofiban increases the rate of disrupted myocardial infarction in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: insights from the On-TIME 2 trial
Authors: Rikken Sem A O F , Fabris Enrico , Rosenqvist Tobias , Giannitsis Evangelos , ten Berg Jurriën M , Hamm Christian , van ‘t Hof Arnoud 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), prehospital tirofiban significantly improved myocardial reperfusion. However, its impact on the rate of disrupted myocardial infarction (MI), particularly in the context of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays, is still unclear.

Methods and results
The On-TIME 2 (Ongoing Tirofiban In Myocardial infarction Evaluation 2) trial randomly assigned STEMI patients to prehospital tirofiban or placebo before transportation to a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centre. In this post hoc analysis, we evaluated STEMI patients that underwent primary PCI and had measured hs-cTn levels. Troponin T levels were collected at 18–24 and 72–96 h after PCI. Disrupted MI was defined as peak hs-cTn T levels ≤ 10 times the upper limit of normal (≤140 ng/L). Out of 786 STEMI patients, 47 (6%) had a disrupted MI. Disrupted MI occurred in 31 of 386 patients (8.0%) in the tirofiban arm and in 16 of 400 patients (4.0%) in the placebo arm (P = 0.026). After multivariate adjustment, prehospital tirofiban remained independently associated with disrupted MI (odds ratio 2.03; 95% confidence interval 1.10–3.87; P = 0.027). None of the patients with disrupted MI died during the 1-year follow-up, compared with a mortality rate of 2.6% among those without disrupted MI.

Conclusion
Among STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, the use of prehospital tirofiban was independently associated with a higher rate of disrupted MI. These results, highlighting a potential benefit, underscore the need for future research focusing on innovative pre-treatment approaches that may increase the rate of disrupted MI.
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: an update
Authors: Domínguez Fernando , Adler Eric , García-Pavía Pablo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy (AC) is an acquired form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) caused by prolonged and heavy alcohol intake in the absence of other causes. The amount of alcohol required to produce AC is generally considered as &gt;80 g/day over 5 years, but there is still some controversy regarding this definition. This review on AC focuses on pathogenesis, which involves different mechanisms. Firstly, the direct toxic effect of ethanol promotes oxidative stress in the myocardium and activation of the renin–angiotensin system. Moreover, acetaldehyde, the best-studied metabolite of alcohol, can contribute to myocardial damage impairing actin–myosin interaction and producing mitochondrial dysfunction. Genetic factors are also involved in the pathogenesis of AC, with DCM-causing genetic variants in patients with AC, especially titin-truncating variants. These findings support a double-hit hypothesis in AC, combining genetics and environmental factors. The synergistic effect of alcohol with concomitant conditions such as hypertension or liver cirrhosis can be another contributing factor leading to AC. There are no specific cardiac signs and symptoms in AC as compared with other forms of DCM. However, natural history of AC differs from DCM and relies directly on alcohol withdrawal, as left ventricular ejection fraction recovery in abstainers is associated with an excellent prognosis. Thus, abstinence from alcohol is the most crucial step in treating AC, and specific therapies are available for this purpose. Otherwise, AC should be treated according to current guidelines of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Targeted therapies based on AC pathogenesis are currently being developed and could potentially improve AC treatment in the future.