bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted Therapies and Predictive Markers in Epithelial Malignancies of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: McIntire Maria , Redston Mark 
Published: January 2012

Context.—In recent years, there has been a tremendous amount of interest in the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of human cancers. Increased understanding of the specific molecular pathways and driver mutations critical to cancer cell growth have allowed the development of these advanced therapeutics. Among these, inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2/neu pathways now play a major role in the management of gastrointestinal cancers in addition to other solid malignancies. In colorectal and gastric cancers, the use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and HER2/neu inhibitors has increased the available treatment options for patients with advanced disease.Objective.—To focus on the current targeted therapies and predictors of response in malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract.Data Sources.—Medical literature searchable on PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) as well as older studies revealed by the literature review were used as the source of data.Conclusion.—Gene testing of critical elements of the pathways targeted by these agents (such as KRAS mutational analysis in colorectal tumors and HER2/neu testing in gastric cancers) allows the ability to predict which patients will respond to these treatments. As the molecular profiling of tumors and our understanding of cancer genomics and epigenetic alterations continues to grow, it is expected that these personalized targeted therapies will form one of the mainstays of gastrointestinal cancer treatment.
American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome: A data‐driven, expert consensus approach in the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance Cohort
Authors: Shiboski S. C. , Shiboski C. H. , Criswell L. A. , Baer A. N. , Challacombe S. , Lanfranchi H. , Schiødt M. , Umehara H. , Vivino F. , Zhao Y. , Dong Y. , Greenspan D. , Heidenreich A. M. , Helin P. , Kirkham B. , Kitagawa K. , Larkin G. , Li M. , Lietman T. , Lindegaard J. , McNamara N. , Sack K. , Shirlaw P. , Sugai S. , Vollenweider C. , Whitcher J. , Wu A. , Zhang S. , Zhang W. , Greenspan J. S. , Daniels T. E. ,   Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) Research Groups
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveWe propose new classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome (SS), which are needed considering the emergence of biologic agents as potential treatments and their associated comorbidity. These criteria target individuals with signs/symptoms suggestive of SS.MethodsCriteria are based on expert opinion elicited using the nominal group technique and analyses of data from the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance. Preliminary criteria validation included comparisons with classifications based on the American–European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria, a model‐based “gold standard” obtained from latent class analysis (LCA) of data from a range of diagnostic tests, and a comparison with cases and controls collected from sources external to the population used for criteria development.ResultsValidation results indicate high levels of sensitivity and specificity for the criteria. Case definition requires at least 2 of the following 3: 1) positive serum anti‐SSA and/or anti‐SSB or (positive rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody titer ≥1:320), 2) ocular staining score ≥3, or 3) presence of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis with a focus score ≥1 focus/4 mm2 in labial salivary gland biopsy samples. Observed agreement with the AECG criteria is high when these are applied using all objective tests. However, AECG classification based on allowable substitutions of symptoms for objective tests results in poor agreement with the proposed and LCA‐derived classifications.ConclusionThese classification criteria developed from registry data collected using standardized measures are based on objective tests. Validation indicates improved classification performance relative to existing alternatives, making them more suitable for application in situations where misclassification may present health risks.
Effect of pregabalin on sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and sleep maintenance disturbance: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, 2‐way crossover polysomnography study
Authors: Roth Thomas , Lankford D. Alan , Bhadra Pritha , Whalen Ed , Resnick E. Malca 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of pregabalin on polysomnographic (PSG) measures of sleep and patient‐rated sleep, tiredness, and pain in fibromyalgia patients.MethodsWe performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 2‐period crossover PSG study. Patients ages ≥18 years with fibromyalgia satisfied subjective and objective sleep disturbance criteria prior to randomization. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to pregabalin (300–450 mg/day) or placebo for crossover period 1, and vice versa for period 2. Each crossover period comprised a dose‐adjustment and dose‐maintenance phase, with a 2‐week taper/washout between periods. In‐laboratory PSGs were recorded during 2 consecutive nights at screening and at the end of each crossover period. The primary end point was the difference in sleep maintenance defined by PSG‐recorded wake after sleep onset (WASO; minutes) between 4 weeks of treatment with pregabalin and with placebo. Other PSG measures; patient‐rated sleep, tiredness, and pain; and tolerability were assessed.ResultsOf 119 patients randomized (103 women [86.6%], mean age 48.4 years), 102 (85.7%) completed both periods. Patients treated with pregabalin showed a reduction in PSG‐determined WASO versus treatment with placebo (week 4 difference: −19.2 minutes [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −26.7, −11.6]; P < 0.0001). Pain score improved (decreased) with pregabalin versus placebo treatment at all 4 weeks (week 4 difference: −0.52 [95% CI −0.90, −0.14]; P = 0.0084). Modest (ρ = <0.3) but significant correlations were found between PSG sleep assessments and ratings of pain and sleep quality. Frequently reported all‐causality adverse events (pregabalin versus placebo) were: dizziness (30.4% versus 9.9%), somnolence (20.5% versus 4.5%), and headache (8.9% versus 8.1%).ConclusionPatients with fibromyalgia treated with pregabalin had statistically significant and meaningful improvements in sleep, as assessed by PSG. Patients with fibromyalgia also reported decreased daily pain. Pregabalin was well tolerated.
A Systematic Approach to the Design Optimization of Light‐Absorbing Indenofluorene Polymers for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Kirkpatrick James , Nielsen Christian B. , Zhang Weimin , Bronstein Hugo , Ashraf R. Shahid , Heeney Martin , McCulloch Iain 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and optimization of new photovoltaic donor polymers is a time‐consuming process. Computer‐based molecular simulations can narrow the scope of materials choice to the most promising ones, by identifying materials with desirable energy levels and absorption energies. In this paper, such a retrospective analysis is presented of a series of fused aromatic push–pull copolymers. It is demonstrated that molecular calculations do indeed provide good estimates of the absorption energies measured by UV–vis spectroscopy and of the ionization potentials measured by photoelectron spectroscopy in air. Comparing measured photovoltaic performance of the polymer series to the trend in efficiencies predicted by computation confirms the validity of this approach.
Quantitative imaging of cartilage and bone morphology, reactive oxygen species, and vascularization in a rodent model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Xie LiQin , Lin Angela S. P. , Kundu Kousik , Levenston Marc E. , Murthy Niren , Guldberg Robert E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess temporal changes in cartilage and bone morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and vascularization in rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)–induced osteoarthritis (OA), using advanced imaging methodologies.MethodsRight knees of 8‐week‐old male Wistar rats were injected with 1 mg MIA in 50 μl saline and left knees were injected with 50 μl saline as controls. After 1, 2, and 3 weeks (n = 5 at each time point), changes in cartilage morphology and composition were quantified using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent microfocal computed tomography (μCT), and changes in subchondral and trabecular bone were assessed by standard μCT. ROS were characterized by in vivo fluorescence imaging at 1, 11, and 21 days (n = 5 at each time point). Three weeks following fluorescence imaging, alterations in knee joint vascularity were quantified with μCT after perfusion of a vascular contrast agent.ResultsFemoral cartilage volume, thickness, and proteoglycan content were significantly decreased in MIA‐injected knees compared with control knees, accompanied by loss of trabecular bone and erosion of subchondral bone surface. ROS quantities were significantly increased 1 day after MIA injection and subsequently decreased gradually, having returned to normal by 21 days. Vascularity in whole knees and distal femora was significantly increased at 21 days after MIA injection.ConclusionContrast‐enhanced μCT and fluorescence imaging were combined to characterize articular cartilage, subchondral bone, vascularization, and ROS, providing unprecedented 3‐dimensional joint imaging and quantification in multiple tissues during OA progression. These advanced imaging techniques have the potential to become standardized methods for comprehensive evaluation of articular joint degeneration and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
Superior molecularly altered influenza virus hemagglutinin peptide 308–317 inhibits collagen‐induced arthritis by inducing CD4+ Treg cell expansion
Authors: Sun Jian , Li Ru , Guo Jianping , Jia Yuan , Sun Xiaolin , Liu Yanying , Li Yingni , Huang Fangping , Lu Liwei , Li Zhanguo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect and possible mechanism of a novel influenza virus hemagglutinin 308–317 peptide (altered HA308–317 peptide) in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA).MethodsCIA was induced in DBA/1 mice by immunization with type II collagen (CII). Altered HA308–317 peptide, wild HA308–317 peptide, wild CII263–272 peptide, and irrelevant peptide were administered intranasally beginning at arthritis onset. Clinical and histologic scores were assessed, and cytokine levels were determined in the serum or in supernatants from splenocytes. Characteristics of T cell subsets in response to different peptides were analyzed both in vivo and in vitro.ResultsIntranasal administration of wild CII263–272 peptide, wild HA308–317 peptide, or altered HA308–317 peptide could significantly ameliorate CIA, but altered HA308–317 peptide showed greater therapeutic effects than wild CII263–272 peptide and wild HA308–317 peptide. The effect of altered HA308–317 peptide was associated with a substantial decrease in production of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) and interferon‐γ (IFNγ) and with a marked increase in production of IL‐10 and transforming growth factor β, both in serum and in supernatants from splenocytes treated with altered HA308–317 peptide. Both the number and function of CD4+ Treg cells were significantly up‐regulated by altered HA308–317 peptide, with a decreased induction of Th1 cells (CD4+IFNγ+) and Th17 cells (CD4+IL‐17+). Adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ T cells from altered HA308–317 peptide–treated mice resulted in greater suppressive capacity in ameliorating CIA severity than did adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ T cells from wild HA308–317 peptide–treated, wild CII263–272 peptide–treated, or irrelevant peptide–treated mice.ConclusionIntranasal administration of altered HA308–317 peptide potently suppressed the severity of CIA by increasing the number and function of CD4+ Treg cells, suggesting that altered HA308–317 peptide might be a promising candidate for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Item difficulty in the evaluation of computer‐based instruction: An example from neuroanatomy
Authors: Chariker Julia H. , Naaz Farah , Pani John R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article reports large item effects in a study of computer‐based learning of neuroanatomy. Outcome measures of the efficiency of learning, transfer of learning, and generalization of knowledge diverged by a wide margin across test items, with certain sets of items emerging as particularly difficult to master. In addition, the outcomes of comparisons between instructional methods changed with the difficulty of the items to be learned. More challenging items better differentiated between instructional methods. This set of results is important for two reasons. First, it suggests that instruction may be more efficient if sets of consistently difficult items are the targets of instructional methods particularly suited to them. Second, there is wide variation in the published literature regarding the outcomes of empirical evaluations of computer‐based instruction. As a consequence, many questions arise as to the factors that may affect such evaluations. The present article demonstrates that the level of challenge in the material that is presented to learners is an important factor to consider in the evaluation of a computer‐based instructional system. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
An evaluation of cellulose saccharification and fermentation with an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of cellobiose and xylose utilization
Authors: Fox Jerome M. , Levine Seth E. , Blanch Harvey W. , Clark Douglas S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCommercial‐scale cellulosic ethanol production has been hindered by high costs associated with cellulose‐to‐glucose conversion and hexose and pentose co‐fermentation. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with a yeast strain capable of xylose and cellobiose co‐utilization has been proposed as a possible avenue to reduce these costs. The recently developed DA24‐16 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae incorporates a xylose assimilation pathway and a cellodextrin transporter (CDT) that permit rapid growth on xylose and cellobiose. In the current work, a mechanistic kinetic model of cellulase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose was combined with a multi‐substrate model of microbial growth to investigate the ability of DA24‐16 and improved cellobiose‐consuming strains to obviate the need for exogenously added β‐glucosidase and to assess the impact of cellobiose utilization on SSF and separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Results indicate that improved CDT‐containing strains capable of growing on cellobiose as rapidly as on glucose produced ethanol nearly as rapidly as non‐CDT‐containing yeast supplemented with β‐glucosidase. In producing 75 g/L ethanol, SSF with any strain did not result in shorter residence times than SHF with a 12 h saccharification step. Strains with improved cellobiose utilization are therefore unlikely to allow higher titers to be reached more quickly in SSF than in SHF.See accompanying Commentary by Jin and Cate DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100489
Scoring system to predict the risk of surgical-site infection after colorectal resection2
Authors: Gervaz P , Bandiera-Clerc C , Buchs N C , Eisenring M-C , Troillet N , Perneger T , Harbarth S 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
There is no dedicated scoring system for predicting the risk of surgical-site infection (SSI) after resection of the colon or rectum. Generic scores, such as the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance index, are not used by colorectal surgeons.

Methods
Multivariable analysis of risk factors for SSI was performed in patients who underwent resection of the colon or rectum, and were followed during the first month after operation. A logistic regression model was used to identify determinant variables and construct a predictive score.

Results
There were 534 patients of whom 114 (21·3 per cent) developed SSI. In multivariable analysis, four parameters correlated with an increased risk of SSI: obesity (odds ratio (OR) 2·93, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·71 to 5·03), contamination class 3–4 (OR 3·33, 2·08 to 5·32), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III–IV (OR 1·82, 1·14 to 2·90) and open surgery (OR 2·22, 1·01 to 4·88). Each of these contributed 1 point to the risk score. The observed risk of SSI was 5 per cent for a score of 0, 12·0 per cent for a score of 1 point, 18·7 per cent for 2 points, 44 per cent for 3 points and 68 per cent for 4 points. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the score was 0·729.

Conclusion
A simple clinical score based on four preoperative variables was clinically useful in predicting the risk of SSI in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Observing the influence of affective states on parent–child interactions and in‐store purchase decisions
Authors: Nadeau John , Bradley Matthew 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examines the relationship of parent's and children's affective states on in‐store family purchase decisions. In particular, the study is interested in determining whether the affective state is related to the interaction strategy selected and their actual role in the decision. The implementation of this study using observational methodology within the store environment makes this contribution valuable and unique. Further, a major contribution of this study is the demonstration that the child's prepurchase affective state is a salient antecedent to purchase decisions of the parent–child dyad.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Gas Adsorption Properties of Four Pd–Zn Coordination Polymers Containing Potential Catalytic Active Sites
Authors: Miyazaki Yuhei , Kataoka Yusuke , Kawamoto Tatsuya , Mori Wasuke 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNew Pd–Zn coordination polymers incorporating a PdII complex were prepared in one‐pot reactions from isonicotinic acid, K2[PdCl4] and ZnII ions in water. Depending on the reaction conditions, four new types of Pd–Zn coordination polymers (one‐, two‐ and three‐dimensional networks), which consist of a PdII complex coordinated by two or four isonicotinic acids, were formed. The structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray powder diffraction, TGA and CHN elemental analysis. Interestingly, for the N2 and H2 gas adsorption measurements at 77 K and 760 Torr, two of the new Pd–Zn coordination polymers show selective H2 gas adsorption performances. Therefore, these complexes may be potentially attractive materials for heterogeneous catalysts or for H2 gas separation for hydrogenation reactions.
Spin‐Crossover Behaviors Based on Intermolecular Interactions for Cobalt(II) Complexes with Long Alkyl Chains
Authors: Komatsu Yasuka , Kato Kazuya , Yamamoto Yuuki , Kamihata Hidenobu , Lee Young Hoon , Fuyuhiro Akira , Kawata Satoshi , Hayami Shinya 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new family of terpyridine (terpy)‐based spin‐crossover cobalt(II) complexes, [Co(HO–Cn‐terpy)2](BF4)2 [n = 6 (1), 8 (2), 10 (3), 12 (4), and 14 (5)] that possesses a hydroxy‐appended long alkyl chain present on the terpyridine skeleton was synthesized and characterized by X‐ray structure analysis and temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility. In the solid state, the compounds 1·H2O, 4, and 5·H2O were crystallized in the triclinic P$\bar {1}$ space groups, and their central cobalt(II) ion was coordinated by six nitrogen atoms from two terpyridine units to form a pseudo‐octahedral symmetry. In the case of 1·H2O, one of the terminal hydroxy substituents was involved in hydrogen bonding with a water molecule. For compound 4, on the other hand, both of terminal hydroxy units form a short intermolecular contact with the BF4– anion. The temperature‐dependent magnetic behavior of 1 and 2 showed a gradual spin crossover, whereas 3 and 4 revealed an abrupt spin transition with a wide thermal hysteresis loop (ΔT = 21 K, T1/2↑ = 316 K, and T1/2↓ = 295 K for 3; ΔT = 40 K, T1/2↑ = 348 K, and T1/2↓ = 308 K for 4), and 5 exhibits “reverse spin transition” (ΔT = 17 K, T1/2↑ = 214 K, andT1/2↓ = 231 K). It has been suggested that compounds 3 and 4 form stronger intermolecular interactions through the fastener effect and hydrogen bonding than 1 and 2. On the basis of a comparison of the resulting magnetic behaviors of the compounds that contain long alkyl chains with a hydroxy group at the end, it was found that the long alkyl chains with the terminal hydroxy group could induce stronger intermolecular interactions between molecules. However, there are many short contacts through the counteranions for 5·H2O, but thermal motion of the long alkyl chains can be expected. Compound 5 exhibits “reverse spin transition” induced by a structural phase transition.
L‐Proline‐Derived Dendritic Tetrakis(diperoxotungsto)phosphate: Synthesis and Enantioselective Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Jahier Claire , Nlate Sylvain 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAs a part of our ongoing research towards the synthesis of chiral dendritic polyoxometalate (DENDRI‐POM) hybrids that are able to catalyze oxidation of organic substrates with high selectivity and enantioselectivity, we have prepared an enantiopure DENDRI‐POM salt by coupling a well‐defined L‐proline‐derived tetrapropylammonium dendron with the tetrakis(diperoxotungsto)phosphate [PO4{WO(O2)2}4]3–. This DENDRI‐POM hybrid was characterized by infrared, NMR spectroscopy, polarimetry, and elemental analysis. The data obtained are consistent with the structure in which the trianionic POM is surrounded by three L‐proline‐based dendrons. This DENDRI‐POM oxidized sulfides with moderate activity and very low enantioselectivities (up to 4 %), whereas alkenes were efficiently oxidized with up to 37 % enantiomeric excess (ee), and good yields. Although these ee values are still not satisfactory for practical asymmetric synthesis, 37 % ee represents the best enantioselectivity reported to date in the oxidation of organic substrate with chiral POM hybrids. Studies of temperature, solvent, and catalyst loading effects on the outcome of the reaction indicate that the ee is sensitive to the nature of the solvent. Moreover, the catalyst was recovered at low temperature and reused while retaining its activity and enantioselectivity. These results contrast and complement our reported results in which DENDRI‐POMs based on phenylethylamine‐derived ligands efficiently oxidize sulfides with up to 14 % ee, whereas alkenes were not oxidized with this family of chiral POM compounds. Thus, the influence of the nature of the chiral countercation on the POM properties is again observed.
Human complement factor 3 polymorphism determination by capillary electrophoresis of serum
Authors: De Witte Evy , Speeckaert Marijn M. , Van De Moortel Lot , Lecocq Elke , Delanghe Joris R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractVariability of complement factor 3 (C3) mobility in serum protein electrophoresis was investigated. We found that the migration time of C3 can be reproducibly determined (beween‐run CV=0.76%) using clinical capillary electrophoresis (CE) equipment (the Capillarys™ 2 system, Sebia). Moreover, we found a significant difference (p<0.001) in migration times of the major C3 phenotypes FF (fast‐fast), FS (fast‐slow) and SS (slow‐slow). Glycosylation did not significantly affect test results. This is the first report on the migration time of C3 phenotypes on a clinical CE instrument. The presented method allows faster data than agarose‐electrophoresis or genotyping. Moreover, reference ranges for serum C3 concentration depend on C3 phenotype, which allows a better tailored clinical interpretation of C3 concentrations.