bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation to a Stroke: The Experience of One Couple
Authors: Jongbloed Lyn 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. Treatment of stroke, as described in the occupational therapy literature, focuses primarily on the person’s physical problems, and less on the way in which the family and environment influence adaptation. This article examines family and environmental influences on adaptation to stroke.
Method. The content of five interviews conducted over 2 years with a woman who experienced a stroke and her husband was analyzed with ethnographic research methods.
Results. The analysis revealed that a stroke cannot be understood as an individual phenomenon, because the life course of both this woman and her husband were profoundly affected by it. The man’s roles as family member, caregiver, home maintainer, and hobbyist required change after his wife’s stroke. The woman’s experience of her changed body, dependence, and altered homemaking role were influenced not only by her husband’s attitudes but also by societal values.
Conclusion. The findings suggest that clinicians and researchers must pay greater attention to those living with the person who experienced a stroke and to the ways in which the person’s social, cultural, and economic environments influence adaptation to disability.
Performance of Typical Children on the Sensory Profile: An Item Analysis
Authors: Dunn Winnie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to obtain data about typical children on the 99-item Sensory Profile, a newly developed tool derived from sensory history items reported in the literature and designed to assess children’s responses of commonly occurring sensory events.
Method. Parents of 64 typical children 3 to 10 years of age completed the Sensory Profile; parents used a five-point Likert scale to report the percentage of time their children engaged in each behavior Researchers then analyzed these percentages to determine differences by age and gender.
Results. Sixty-seven of the items on the Sensory Profile were found to be uncommon for these typical children. On further analysis with a multivariate analysis of variance and appropriate follow-up procedures, one item was more common for younger children, and four items were more common for girls.
Conclusion. Two thirds of the items on the Sensory Profile were uncommon for typical children and thus may contribute useful information about children with disabilities who respond to these sensory events.
Finding Your Way in the Maze of Computer Access Technology
Authors: Anson Denis 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Occupational therapists who must provide alternative computer access are faced with a daunting task. From nearly 500 types of devices, they must decide on a specific access technology that will meet clients’ needs. Without extensive clinical experience, it is difficult to select an appropriate level of intervention from the alternatives without guidance. The RoadMap to Computer Access Technology is a tool that assists clinicians in using the information obtained in an occupational therapy evaluation to select an appropriate level of intervention for a specific client. Clinicians answer a series of yes or no questions and follow the directions on the RoadMap. The RoadMap leads clinicians to a small group of devices that should meet the access needs of the client.
Comparison of Individual and Group/Consultation Treatment Methods for Preschool Children With Developmental Delays
Authors: Davies Patricia L. , Gavin William J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. Although alternative treatment methods are becoming more widely discussed and implemented in pediatric occupational therapy, empirical data demonstrating the effectiveness of these treatment methods are lacking. The present study compares the effectiveness of an alternative treatment method (group/consultation) to traditional direct therapy.
Method. Eighteen preschool subjects classified as developmentally delayed received either individual/direct therapy or group/consultation therapy. Each child was assessed initially and again 7 months later with three standardized tests assessing fine motor and gross motor development, functional skills in the home, and nonverbal intelligence.
Results. Subjects in both treatment methods demonstrated significant increases in both fine and gross motor skills with the rate approximating that of the normal distribution of typically developing children.
Conclusion. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment methods on any of the assessments.
Volition as Narrative: Understanding Motivation in Chronic Illness
Authors: Helfrich Christine , Kielhofner Gary , Mattingly Cheryl 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper expands the current concept of volition in the Model of Human Occupation. The present version views personal causation, values, and interests as traits that determine choices to engage in occupations. Through a detailed investigation of the life histories of two persons with psychiatric disorders, this paper illustrates how volition is embedded in a personal narrative. Two features of narratively organized volition are highlighted: (a) how narrative places decisions and actions within a plot, thus giving them meaning in the context of a whole life, and (b) how the personal narrative motivates the person by serving as a context for choosing and action. Thus, the paper illustrates how persons seek to narrate their lives and live their life narratives.
Effects of Continuous Passive Motion on the Edematous Hands of Two Persons With Flaccid Hemiplegia
Authors: Dirette Diane , Hinojosa Jim 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. This study evaluated the effect of the use of a continuous passive motion device for the edematous hands of two persons with flaccid hemiplegia.
Method. The subjects were both 1 month post–cerebrovascular accident with left-sided hemiplegia. Each subject’s routine therapy program was maintained throughout this ABA design study. During the first week, baseline data were gathered, during the second week the intervention was provided (2 hr Of continuous passive motion device use), and during the third week data were gathered with treatment withdrawn. Edema was measured with a hand volumeter and finger Circumference.
Results. The continuous passive motion device had an effect in reducing edema in the hands of the two subjects.
Conclusion. The continuous passive motion device is a readily available tool that could enhance the treatment of edematous hands of persons with flaccid hemiplegia by offering a contribution to already established treatment protocols. Further research is needed, however, to establish guidelines for use.
Enhancing Occupational Performance Through an Understanding of Perceived Self-Efficacy
Authors: Gage Marie , Polatajko Helene 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The construct of perceived self-efficacy, proposed to explain the discrepancy between skill and actual performance, has received widespread attention in the psychological and medical literature. This paper describes the construct in detail, including the difference between self-esteem and perceived self-efficacy, and proposes a goodness of fit with occupational therapy practice.
It is postulated that attention to the assessment and monitoring of perceived self-efficacy, along with the use of activities that closely approximate the actual activities to be performed in the community, will result in improved occupational performance and thus, better occupational therapy outcomes. Occupational therapists are challenged to identify and incorporate this construct into their day-to-day clinical programs to enhance treatment outcomes.
Medical Considerations and Practice Guidelines for the Neonatal Occupational Therapist
Authors: Hunter Jan , Mullen Jan , Dallas Dara Varga 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Provision of safe and effective occupational therapy in neonatal intensive care units requires an understanding of neonatal medical conditions and treatment modalities. This article explains basic medical concepts and technology with terminology frequently encountered in neonatal intensive care. Discussions of neonatal thermoregulation, respiratory care, hemodynamic monitoring, and metabolic support are presented as general areas of focus. Equipment usage and precautions are included. Several case studies illustrate the incorporation of medical knowledge into neonatal occupational therapy practice.
Dreams, Dilemmas, and Decisions for Occupational Therapy Practice in a New Millennium: A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Polatajko Helene J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article presents the hope that, in the 21st century and the millennium it ushers in, the world will eliminate the concept of handicap by creating an environment where persons with different abilities can live with dignity. In this world, the focus of occupational therapy will shift from reducing impairment through purposeful activity to preventing handicap through enablement. Basic assumptions about occupational therapy and its values are provided, including that the ultimate goal of practice is the enablement of occupational competence.
Comparing Motor and Process Ability of Persons With Suspected Dementia in Home and Clinic Settings
Authors: Nygård Louise , Bernspång Birgitta , Fisher Anne G. , Winblad Bengt 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. Evaluating functional level of persons with diagnosed or suspected dementia is an important part of occupational therapy. The importance of the environment is often highlighted. We investigated the ability of clients with suspected dementia to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in the clinic versus in their homes.
Method. We used the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) to measure the motor and process skill ability of 19 clients with suspected dementia.
Results. Using two-tailed paired t-tests ,we found no overall difference in IADL motor or process performance between the clinic and home settings. However, of the 19 clients, 6 had motor ability measures, whereas 5 had process ability measures that differed significantly between the two settings.
Conclusion. The results suggest that if we want to know how a person with suspected dementia performs in IADLs in a specific environment we should test him or her in that environment.
Three Images of Interdisciplinary Team Meetings
Authors: Crepeau Elizabeth Blesedell 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Teams are an essential aspect of health care today, especially in rehabilitation or chronic illness where the course of care is frequently long, complex, and unpredictable. The coordinative function of teams and their interdisciplinary aspects are thought to improve patient care because team members bring their unique professional skills together to address patient problems. This coordination is enacted through the team meeting, which typically results in an integrated care plan. This professional image of team meetings is explicit and addresses the description and provision of care as objective and rational activities. In contrast, the constructed and ritualistic images of health care team meetings are implicit and concern the less objective and rational aspects of planning care. The constructed image pertains to the definitional activity of team members as they try to understand patient troubles and achieve consensus. This process involves the individual clinical reasoning of team members and the collective reasoning of the group. The ritualistic image is that aspect of team meetings in which the team affirms and reaffirms its collective identity. Drawing from field research of geropsychiatric team meetings, this article defines and explicates these images, focusing on the constructed and ritualistic aspects of team meetings and the influence of these images on group function.
Current Practice Among NeuroDevelopmental Treatment Association Members
Authors: DeGangi Georgia A. , Royeen Charlotte Brasic 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. The purposes of this study were (a) to describe how neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) is currently being provided by occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech–language therapists (e.g., setting, duration, frequency, techniques used), (b) to determine which populations are viewed by clinicians as most responsive to NDT intervention, and (c) to examine clinicians’ attitudes and beliefs regarding NDT philosophy, role delineation, and provision of NDT service.
Method. A sample of 431 members of the NeuroDevelopmental Treatment Association, Inc. responded to a questionnaire examining current practice in NDT.
Results. Respondents typically provided NDT once or twice a week with an emphasis on qualitative movement and functional performance. Persons with mild to moderate levels of motor dysfunction were viewed as responding best to NDT. Therapists reported using an eclectic approach that combines NDT with other treatment approaches. The three disciplines reported using different types of NDT handling techniques to accomplish discipline-specific goals. There was a strong belief that NDT is a total management program that considers the client’s functioning in many settings and that families should be involved in the client’s therapy program.
Conclusion. There was wide consensus that the theoretical tenets underlying NDT need revision to consider current theoretical thinking and practice.
Motor Learning and Occupational Therapy: The Organization of Practice
Authors: Jarus Tal 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article addresses implications for the practice of occupational therapy when that therapy is guided by theories of motor learning. In occupational therapy, clients must learn or relearn motor skills through the use of activities. The occupational therapist must present activities in a manner that elicits the retention and transfer of the desired skills for use in functional settings. Therefore, the therapist should strive for acquisition conditions that facilitate retention and transfer of the learned skills. The processes that underlie motor learning should guide therapy. Three major factors that affect motor learning are environmental conditions, cognitive processes, and movement organization. Examination of the clinical implications of these factors, however, results in contradictory predictions regarding optimal practice conditions for motor skills. This article explores the successful integration of these factors and its application in occupational therapy practice. It is suggested that increasing the difficulty of the learning context during practice is beneficial for retention.
Multiple Mentoring Relationships Facilitate Learning During Fieldwork
Authors: Nolinske Terrie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Fieldwork provides a means by which students are socialized into their profession and their careers. During Level I and Level II fieldwork, students acquire and apply the knowledge, skills, and altitudes that will enable them to achieve entry-level competence. The experiences that students have during Level II fieldwork influence their subsequent career choices. To support these experiences, students form a variety of helping relationships with faculty members, clinicians, peers, family, and friends. This article examines the role and responsibilities of the student as protégé and of the clinical educator as information peer, collegial peer, special peer, and mentor In light of the challenges faced by most clinicians secondary to health care reform, an alternative to the one-to-one supervision model is presented. The multiple mentoring model of fieldwork supervision has several advantages: (a) fieldwork educators work with students according to their strengths and interests; (b) the model promotes collegiality and clinical reasoning skills because students use each other as resources and observe different fieldwork educators approaching similar situations; and (c) the model allows a fieldwork site to accept more students at one time, while minimizing stress on any one fieldwork educator A frame-work defining the functions of the mentor-protégé relationship is provided, with an emphasis on the effect that clinical educators have in their roles as mentors, guides, role models, and teachers who provide opportunities for the student to develop entry-level competency in a chosen profession.
A Group Approach to Mental Health Fieldwork
Authors: Hengel Janice L. , Romeo Janice L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Fieldwork opportunities in mental health settings are limited and difficult to find. There is increased pressure for occupational therapy supervisors to accept more students although they have less time to devote to them. This article describes a group approach to training occupational therapy students that was used at one fieldwork site. The occupational therapy staff members were each responsible for specific teaching assignments that allowed them to work with a number of students simultaneously. Program development and evaluation meetings created an alternative forum for exploring ideas and practice issues and for providing guidance and supervision. This approach reduced the amount of time each therapist spent with students, provided students with several role models, and encouraged independent thinking in students.
Job Site Analysis Facilitates Work Reintegration
Authors: Canelón Mario Francisco 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) offers challenges and opportunities in rehabilitative care for returning clients to previous employment after medical illness or injury. The process of work reintegration begins with assessing the client’s rehabilitation potential to return to work. When clinical reasoning indicates a good rehabilitation potential, a job site analysis (JSA) is conducted to determine the essential functions of the client’s work. Upon completion of the JSA, a variety of strategies can be used for successfully returning the client to work. The three case reports in this article illustrate that a JSA can serve as the basis for formulating a holistic treatment plan that addresses skill performance areas affecting work readiness for clients with neurologic and orthopaedic conditions and can facilitate successful work reintegration for these clients. The JSA links clients’ rehabilitative care and work reentry after medical illness or injury and maximizes positive outcomes in reintegrating these clients to the workplace in compliance with ADA provision Title 1, Employment.
Factors Influencing Entry-Level Occupational Therapists’ Attitudes Toward Persons With Disabilities
Authors: Eberhardt Kim , Mayberry Wanda 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Negative attitudes exhibited by rehabilitation professionals could have adverse consequences for persons with disabilities in their achievement of desired outcomes. Because occupational therapists are in a position to exert considerable influence in the therapeutic relationship, this study explored entry-level occupational therapy practitioners’ equal status contact with and attitudes toward persons with disabilities.
Method. Questionnaires were sent to 402 entry-level occupational therapists. These questionnaires consisted of: a demographic scale, the Disability Social Distance Scale, the Contact With Disabled Persons Scale, and a Similarity Scale (constructed for this study to evaluate the concept of equal status). Data analysis explored the relationship between 172 respondents’ equal status perception and contact with persons with disabilities and their attitudes toward persons with disabilities.
Results. Respondents exhibited generally positive attitudes toward persons with disabilities. Perceived equality, personal and professional contact, and the majority of demographic factors were not significantly corrected with their attitudes toward persons with disabilities. Respondents who specified working with persons without disabilities in the wellness capacity exhibited more positive attitudes than those working with persons with biomechanical and neurological disabilities. In addition, respondents who had a greater frequency of professional contact with persons with disabilities also appeared to experience more personal contact with persons with disabilities.
Conclusion. Entry-level occupational therapists’ attitudes toward persons with disabilities may not only be influenced by parameters of the contact variable but also by the profession’s holistic philosophy, the occupational therapy educational curricula, and the personal characteristics of those who choose to pursue a career in occupational therapy.
Working Memory and Older Adults: Implications for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Andiel Corinna , Liu Lili 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Atkinson and Shiffrin’s (1968) modal model of memory is still commonly used by rehabilitation professionals to evaluate memory impairment in older adults. However, research to date has been unable to indicate that short-term memory declines with age. These findings have led some rehabilitation professionals to mistakenly conclude that short-term memory is not affected by the aging process. This article reviews both the traditional concept of short-term memory, as outlined by Atkinson and Shiffrin, and the more recent conceptualization of short-term memory in terms of Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) model of working memory. The implications of the concept of working memory has implications for occupational therapy interventions for older adults. For example, clients with dementia may experience difficulties in performing tasks that require drawing inferences. Similarly, language that contains vague references may present problems for these clients. In addition, changes in working memory in older adults suggest that they may experience difficulties with medication management and what Rule, Milke, and Dobbs (1992) called wayfinding. Therefore, evaluations of working memory would provide a better indication of older adults’ memory performance than the modal model.
Computer-Assisted Instruction as a Learning Resource for Applied Anatomy and Kinesiology in the Occupational Therapy Curriculum
Authors: Toth-Cohen Susan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. The purpose of these studies was to examine the learning outcomes of a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) tutorial in applied anatomy and kinesiology for occupational therapy students and to determine its applicability for use in two university settings.
Method. Two separate pilot studies were conducted at two universities. In each study, the learning outcomes of an experimental group of occupational therapy students using a CAI program and a control group using books to study the same material were compared. Learning outcomes were assessed with posttest achievement test scores on an applied anatomy and kinesiology test and responses to an attitude questionnaire with Likert-scale items and open-ended questions.
Results. There was no significant difference in the means on achievement test scores for the experimental and control groups in the first pilot study. In the second study, the CAI group scored significantly higher on the achievement test than the control group. In both pilot studies, subjects displayed significantly more positive attitudes toward the CAI program as a learning tool than they did toward traditional self-study with books.
Conclusion. A CAI program in applied anatomy and kinesiology can be an effective supplemental resource for occupational therapy students and can offer a learning experience that students value and perceive as helpful. Establishment of clear learning objectives, use of a theoretical base to design instruction, and development and testing in different educational settings can help improve the quality of CAI programs and ensure their relevance to other curricula.