bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in cerebral blood flow velocity in patients with hypothyroidism
Authors: Utku Uygar , Gokce Mustafa , Özkaya Mesut 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundAt present, hypothyroidism is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of hypothyroidism on cerebral blood flow velocity with transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography.Design and methodsIn this study, 30 subjects were enrolled for clinical, subclinical, and healthy control groups. Bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) peak-systolic, end-diastolic, and mean blood flow velocities; Gosling's pulsatility index values; and Pourcelot's resistance index values were recorded and compared with each other. TCD was performed in clinical hypothyroid patients after they became euthyroid with thyroid hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The initial and post-HRT results for the clinical hypothyroid group were then compared and evaluated.ResultsThere were 30 subjects in each group. Men/women ratio and mean age in clinical hypothyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, and control groups were 3/27, 4/26, and 5/25, and 37.4, 34.4, and 36.7 respectively. Peak-systolic, end-diastolic, and mean blood flow velocities of bilateral MCA were similar in clinical and subclinical hypothyroid groups but significantly higher when compared with the control group. After adequate thyroid HRT in clinical hypothyroid group, the peak-systolic, end-diastolic, and mean blood flow velocities were significantly decreased.ConclusionsIncreased cerebral blood flow velocities were observed in clinical and subclinical patients with hypothyroidism. The normalization of increased blood flow velocity with thyroid HRT suggests a reversible condition.
School District Partner Choice in Emergency Management Collaboration
Authors: Robinson Scott E 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSuccessful emergency planning and response requires the cooperation of a broad array of partners. The literature on collaboration and social networks provides conflicting predictions about how organizations choose partners. One tradition focuses on the powerful role of similarity (or homophily) as predicting partner choices. A contrasting tradition argues that rational organizations will choose partners both unlike themselves and unlike their other partners to ensure that each collaboration provides access to unique resources. This article starts with the question of how an organization whose primary responsibilities are not focused on emergency management chooses partners when they respond to and prepare for emergencies. Using a survey of school districts in Texas immediately following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, the article assesses the priority of partner choice. The results indicate that school districts choose partners largely on the basis of strategic difference, though there is some evidence of homophily.
Assessment of an Emergency Disaster Response to Floods in Agadez, Niger
Authors: Freeman John A , Tobin Graham A 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe ubiquitous nature of disasters presents many challenges in providing effective emergency response to build community sustainability. Limited availability of resources, the need to coordinate and distribute relief aid, and the involvement of different organizations, especially at the international level, complicate policy and response efforts. The goal of this research is to model the effectiveness of emergency response provided by one sector, humanitarian organizations. This project looks at response to a flood in Agadez, Niger, and an adjacent rural community. Following the disaster, a non‐governmental organization, Shelter Box, responded immediately, distributing tents, cooking utensils, and supplies to survivors. A questionnaire was conducted of 100 households that received such aid. Results show that such temporary disaster relief helped recipients feel safe, helped rebuild lives, and helped make families feel normal again. The tents and supplies had been put to various uses; many still being used as dwellings while others were stored for cooler seasons. Emergency response was particularly effective in rural areas, where supplies were utilized to the fullest extent. These baseline indicators will guide further research to determine the effectiveness of humanitarian aid under different disaster scenarios and in contrasting contexts, and hence lead to improved policies.
Managing Risk through Liability, Regulation, and Innovation: Organizational Design for Spill Containment in Deepwater Drilling Operations
Authors: Richardson Nathan D , Macauley Molly , Cohen Mark A , Anderson Robert , Stern Adam 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010 led to the deaths of 11 workers, a six‐month moratorium on deepwater drilling in the Gulf, and nearly three months of massive engineering and logistics efforts to stop the spill. The series of failures before the well was finally capped and the spill contained revealed an inability of both government and industry to deal effectively with a well in deepwater. Because drilling at this depth and even deeper depths is expected to provide a sizeable share of global oil and gas supply in the future, ensuring that deepwater and ultradeepwater containment capabilities adequately protect the public is a salient challenge for policymakers. In this article we consider long‐term readiness for deepwater spill containment. We assess organizational design, including the Marine Well Containment Company (MWCC), an industry consortium developed in the aftermath of the accident to contain future deepwater spills in the Gulf. We focus on two separate but related determinants of readiness: the roles of liability and regulation, and the adequacy of incentives for technological innovation in oil spill containment technology (to keep pace with advances in deepwater drilling capability). We find that without additional provisions in place to ensure innovation in containment technology and readiness, industry might meet near‐term minimum regulatory standards but still fail to meet the larger social need for innovation.
Comparative study between flows around sphere and pod using finite volume method
Authors: Karim M. M. , Rahman M. M. , Alim M. A. 
Published: July 2011

Two-dimensional Finite Volume Method (FVM) based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations is applied to solve the turbulent viscous flow around sphere and pod. Unstructured grid with boundary layer treatment is constructed around sphere whereas structured grid is generated around pod. Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) and Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-? turbulence models are used for sphere but SST k-? turbulence model is used only for pod to solve turbulent viscous flows at Reynolds number of 5×106 and 3×106 respectively. The numerical results in terms of the skin friction coefficient, pressure coefficient and drag coefficient are shown either graphically or in the tabular form. Velocity vectors as well as contour of pressure and velocity distribution are also displayed. Finally, the comparative study between flows around sphere and pod is done.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v8i1.7388
Synthesis of 1-benzyl-3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)Uracil Derivatives with Potential Anti-HIV Activity
Authors: Isono Yohei , Sakakibara Norikazu , Ordonez Paula , Hamasaki Takayuki , Baba Masanori , Ikejiri Masahiro , Maruyama Tokumi 
Published: July 2011

Background: Nine novel uracil analogues were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of HIV-1. Methods: Key structural modifications included replacement of the 6-chloro group of 1-benzyl-6-chloro-3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)uracil by other functional groups or N1-alkylation of 3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-5-fluorouracil. Results: These compounds showed only micromolar potency against HIV-1 in MT-4, though two of them; 6-azido-1-benzyl-3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl) uracil and 6-amino-1-benzyl-3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl) uracil were highly potent (half maximal effective concentration =0.067 and 0.069 μM) and selective (selectivity index =685 and 661), respectively. Structure–activity relationships among the newly synthesized uracil analogues suggest the importance of the H-bond formed between 6-amino group of 6-amino-1-benzyl-3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl) uracil and amide group of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Conclusions: We discovered two 6-substituted 1-benzyl-3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl) uracils, (6-azido-1-benzyl-3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl) uracil and 6-amino-1-benzyl-3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl) uracil) as novel anti-HIV agents. These compounds should be further pursued for their toxicity and pharmacokinetics in vivo as well as antiviral activity against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant strains.
La joie tragique d'Obama
Authors: Susca Vincenzo 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Quel est le fil rouge ayant mené à l’élection du nouveau président américain ? La longue vague sur laquelle s’est appuyée l’histoire politique américaine du siècle dernier a abouti à une vaporisation progressive des contenus abstraits, programmatiques et idéologiques du politique, pour laisser place aux données émotionnelles, affectives et imaginaires proches des trames du vécu collectif. Obama a endossé le Web 2.0, au point d’en jaillir de manière apparemment spontanée et naturelle, réalisant avec lui un sublime fondu capable de cacher les traits politiques les plus intrinsèques du sénateur afro-américain, son appartenance à l’élite que sa candidature pointe pourtant du doigt. Et aujourd’hui ?
Culture visuelle et visualisation du monde : l'expérience in visu
Authors: La Rocca Fabio 
Published: July 2011

Résumé À chaque époque, l’image acquiert sa propre spécificité dans un cadre culturel et des formes d’expérience. L’actuelle présence et prolifération de l’image dans le quotidien est un des aspects caractéristiques de la climatologie postmoderne où se construit une visualisation du monde à travers la multiplication des dispositifs et de l’image même par la digitalisation. Cela crée des mises en forme de l’existence en générant une « présentification » du vécu à travers l’immédiateté de l’image digitale et les échanges et relations sur le Web. La forme sensible de l’œil sociologique doit prendre en compte cette stimulation visuelle comme trace d’une ambiance de l’instant vécu, d’une tendance à l’expérience in visu et penser l’image comme une sensibilité phénoménologique qui nous aide à connaître et explorer les dimensions du monde social.
La magie technologique d'Avatar
Authors: Machado Da Silva Juremir 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Cet article examine une hypothèse littéraire élaborée par l’écrivain Paul Auster comme explication probable de l’impact et de la consistance narrative de certains films. Prenant pour exemple le film Avatar , l’objectif est de réfléchir sur le rôle d’une « théorie » comme simulation de la vérité au sein d’une œuvre et sur la relation d’un produit symbolique avec l’imaginaire du public. Nous analyserons l’utilisation de la technologie comme outil pour transformer l’inanimé en animé et les objets en formules magiques ou expressions de sentiments et de messages complexes.
Pratique de réseau et maltraitance d'enfants
Authors: de Becker Emmanuel , Cabillau Evelyne , Chapelle Stéphane 
Published: July 2011

L’article dépeint les questions relatives aux bénéfices et aux écueils possibles du travail de réseau dans le champ spécifique de la maltraitance d’enfants et ce, au travers de la pratique des équipes pluridisciplinaires SOS-Enfants. Ces équipes sont d’emblée à l’interface de différents systèmes au vu de leur domaine d’expertise, de leur visée de soin et de protection de l’enfant. Il n’est guère pertinent de s’engager comme seul intervenant ou seule équipe dans la clinique de la maltraitance tant les sollicitations sur le plan émotionnel sont grandes et tant ces familles ébranlées peuvent s’armer de défenses massives, être prises dans une homéostasie dysfonctionnelle importante et se refermer dans un rapport duel avec les intervenants. La pratique de réseau, quand elle s’élabore de façon constructive et bienveillante, dans un rapport de confiance entre les structures, permet une mobilisation réelle du système familial et sa « refonctionnalisation ». Les regards croisés lors de concertations sont indispensables pour dégager le plus d’objectivité possible dans le diagnostic, l’évaluation de la récupérabilité et de la prise en charge thérapeutique la plus adéquate pour la famille ainsi que pour éviter les éventuels écueils d’interventions précédentes.
Residual Symptoms After Surgery for Unilateral Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy
Authors: Caca Ihsan , Sahin Alparslan , Cingu Abdullah , Ari Seyhmus , Akbas Umut 
Published: July 2011

Purpose:
To establish the surgical results and residual symptoms in 48 cases with unilateral congenital superior oblique muscle palsy that had surgical intervention to the vertical muscles alone.

Methods:
Myectomy and concomitant disinsertion of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle was performed in 38 cases and myectomy and concomitant IO disinsertion and recession of the superior rectus muscle in the ipsilateral eye was performed in 10 cases. The preoperative and postoperative vertical deviation values and surgical results were compared.

Results:

Of the patients who had myectomy and concomitant IO disinsertion, 74% achieved an “excellent” result, 21% a “good” result, and 5% a “poor” result postoperatively. The difference in deviation between preoperative and postoperative values was statistically significant (
P
< .001). Of the patients who had myectomy and concomitant inferior oblique disinsertion and ipsilateral superior rectus recession, 50% achieved an “excellent” result, 20% a “good” result, and 30% a “poor” result postoperatively. The difference in deviation between preoperative and postoperative values was statistically significant (
P
< .001).

Conclusion:
Both procedures are effective and successful in patients with superior oblique muscle palsy, but a secondary surgery may be required.
The Dual Function Cytokine IL-33 Interacts with the Transcription Factor NF-κB To Dampen NF-κB–Stimulated Gene Transcription
Authors: Ali Shafaqat , Mohs Antje , Thomas Meike , Klare Jan , Ross Ralf , Schmitz Michael Lienhard , Martin Michael Uwe 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Full-length IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, which can act in an autocrine or paracrine manner by binding to the IL-33R on several different target cell types. In addition, IL-33 can act in an intracrine fashion by translocating to the nucleus, where it binds to the chromatin and modulates gene expression. In this article, we report that full-length IL-33, but not mature IL-33, interacts with the transcription factor NF-κB. This interaction occurs between the N-terminal part of IL-33 from aa 66–109 and the N-terminal Rel homology domain of NF-κB p65. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments in cells overexpressing IL-33 or endogenously expressing IL-33 revealed rhIL-1β–stimulated association between IL-33 and p65, whereas binding to the p50 subunit was constitutive. The biological consequence of IL-33/NF-κB complex formation was reduction in NF-κB p65 binding to its cognate DNA and impairment of p65-triggered transactivation. Overexpression of IL-33 resulted in a reduction and delay in the rhIL-1β–stimulated expression of endogenous NF-κB target genes such as IκBα, TNF-α, and C-REL. We suggest that nuclear IL-33 sequesters nuclear NF-κB and reduces NF-κB–triggered gene expression to dampen proinflammatory signaling.
Levels-of-Processing Effects on “Remember” Responses in Recognition for Familiar and Unfamiliar Tunes
Authors: Mungan Esra , Peynirvioglu Zehra F. , Halpern Andrea R. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We investigated the effect of level-of-processing manipulations on “remember” and “know” responses in episodic melody recognition (Experiments 1 and 2) and how this effect is modulated by item familiarity (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, participants performed 2 conceptual and 2 perceptual orienting tasks while listening to familiar melodies: judging the mood, continuing the tune, tracing the pitch contour, and counting long notes. The conceptual mood task led to higher d’ rates for “remember” but not “know” responses. In Experiment 2, participants either judged the mood or counted long notes of tunes with high and low familiarity. A level-of-processing effect emerged again in participants’ “remember” d’ rates regardless of melody familiarity. Results are discussed within the distinctive processing framework.
A Systemic Model of Doping Behavior
Authors: Johnson Michael B. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Human behavior occurs within a system, and as such, so do behaviors in performance-related domains (e.g., athletics, academics). Doping is a performance enhancement behavior that can be problematic because of the negative physical and psychological effects associated with the use of some substances and the common argument that doping is unfair. However, doping continues and may be increasing. Because a firm theoretical or empirical understanding of doping does not exist, this article proposes a conceptual, comprehensive, and innovative systemic model of doping behavior. The model is built from relevant empiricism supporting the idea that contemporary doping behavior is a function of systemic transactions between historical doping practices, the present environment, current antidoping interventions, one’s genetic makeup, developmental milestones, social factors, and epigenetics.
On the Left Hand of Time
Authors: Hancock P.A. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The present experiment examined the effects of sex and handedness on the perception of brief intervals up to 20 s in duration. In order to obtain participants with sufficiently high scores on a scale of handedness, we screened 1,276 people; the process yielded 16 men and 16 women eligible for testing. In an empty production procedure, each person estimated 4 intervals of 1, 3, 7, and 20 s, respectively, using both their preferred and nonpreferred hands to provide recorded responses. The order of presentation was randomized across participants but yoked across the sexes in each of the respective handedness subgroups. Results indicated significant effects for handedness in conjunction with the hand used to make the respective response. The pattern of these interactive effects differed between male and female participants, however. These results are discussed in terms of a hemispheric account of interval timing control and potential sex difference in hemispheric specialization.
White Womanhood, Property Rights, and the Campaign for Choreographic Copyright: Loïe Fuller's Serpentine Dance
Authors: Kraut Anthea 
Published: July 2011

In 1892 Loïe Fuller, often figured as one of the “mothers” of modern dance, brought an infringement suit in New York against a chorus girl named Minnie Renwood Bemis in an attempt to enjoin Bemis from performing a version of the Serpentine Dance, which Fuller claimed to have invented. The dance, distinctive for its use of yards of illuminated silk fabric, made the American-born Fuller famous in Europe and spawned a host of imitators on both sides of the Atlantic.Intent on staking her proprietary claim on the dance, Fuller took the precaution of submitting a written description of it to the U. S. Copyright Office. Ultimately, however, the judge for the U.S. Circuit Court denied Fuller's request for an injunction on the grounds that the Serpentine Dance told no story and was therefore not eligible for copyright protection. Although Fuller clearly regarded her expressive output as intellectual property, dance at the time lacked legal recognition as a copyrightable category in its own right and merited protection only if it qualified as a “dramatic” or “dramatico-musical composition.”
Canada’s Commercial Seal Hunt: It’s More Than a Question of Humane Killing
Authors: Lavigne David M. , Lynn William S. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Canada’s commercial seal hunt has been the subject of controversy for over 40 years. Much of the debate has centered on the question of humane killing. The reality, however, is that debates about commercial sealing are political debates involving conflicting values and ethics. We argue that the time has come for conservationists, scientists, managers of free-living animals, bureaucrats, politicians, and society at large to think beyond populations and ecosystems and consider also the well-being of individual, sentient animals. The fundamental question then becomes, “Can commercial seal hunts be morally justified in the twenty-first century?”
Miceli’s Method of Internal, External, and Mediated Levels: Elements for the Definition of a Film-Musical Dramaturgy
Authors: Miceli Sergio 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Most systems for locating music within a film’s dramaturgy have been formulated by and for musicologists or cinema studies specialists. The present translated excerpt from chapter 4 of Ennio Morricone and Sergio Miceli’s book Composing for the Cinema (2001) is aimed at composers. It postulates three levels or points of view for understanding the position and function of the music within a film, internal, external and mediated, and gives many complex examples. Particularly the mediated level is an original contribution to the discourse on this subject. In addition, the excerpt includes a breathtakingly insightful short essay by Pier Paolo Pasolini about the purpose and function of film music.
The editors wish to thank the Film Music Foundation for making possible the translation of the Miceli article.
¡Un Forastero! Issues of Virtuality and Diegesis in Videogame Music
Authors: van Elferen Isabella 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
This essay investigates the role that music plays in videogame virtuality and diegesis. An evaluation of diegetic and nondiegetic levels in game music raises questions regarding the involvement of extradiegetic surroundings and embodiment in the process of gaming. Music, it will be argued, supradiegetically expands the magic circle of videogaming into the real-life surroundings of the player. In this way, it underlines the potentially uncanny dimension of videogaming.
Environmental Communication and Visual Pollution in the Nigerian City of Port Harcourt: Implications for Design Education and City Planning
Authors: Emeji Michael J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
This essay examines the relations between the environment and human-made communications, and their significance to the aesthetic life of a given people. The report considers Nigerian sign-writers, who are indigenous local advertising practitioners trained under a traditional Nigerian apprenticeship system. A pilot study of signwriters’ signs in the city of Port Harcourt was conducted to further examine and problematize this form of communication. The results of this study suggest that pollution in an oil and gas city such as Port Harcourt cannot be limited only to pollutants such as noise, oil spills, urban blight, gas flares, and plumes of smoke (which were excluded from this study). Rather, the visual communication systems created by Nigerian sign-writers have also been identified and classified as environmental visual pollution in Port Harcourt. It is argued here that specific abuses by this form of visual pollution degrade environmental visual order. The essay concludes that, in order to remediate the current tend toward visual pollution in Port Harcourt, environmental design educators should work with and educate cultural planners, city planners, architects, and engineers to enhance the visual aesthetic quality of the built environment in Nigerian cities.