bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic detection of transient gas in the portal vein in an infant following abdominal surgery: A possible sign of adhesive small bowel obstruction
Authors: Tritou Ioanna , Megremis Stylianos , Stefanaki Evangelia , Goumenakis Michalis , Sfakianaki Evangelia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe present a case of sonographically detected transient gas in the portal vein in a 4.5‐month‐old infant who had a history of two consecutive jejunectomies due to jejunal stenoses and was admitted to our hospital with clinical and laboratory findings consistent with a subacute small bowel obstruction and dehydration. Sonography excluded other pathologies and the patient was treated conservatively with success. The presence of gas in the portal vein could be a sign of an underlying mechanical obstacle, as another episode of small bowel obstruction 1 month later required surgical treatment of adhesive intestinal obstruction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2012
Transmission of parental care behavior in African striped mice, Rhabdomys Pumilio
Authors: Rymer Tasmin , Pillay Neville 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe expression of behavior, including parental care behavior, is influenced by complex interactions of the genes of an organism and the prevailing environmental conditions. Previously, we showed that the development of paternal, but not maternal, care in the African striped mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio, has a significant nongenetic maternal component. Here, we investigate the genetic component of parental care behavior from parents to offspring. We first measured the duration of parental care behavior of mothers and fathers every second day for 11 days postnatally. Subsequently, one son and one daughter from each of these litters were paired with unrelated mates when they were adults and their parental care behavior scored. Using regression models, we then compared parental care behavior of parents and their adult offspring. The transmission of parental care behavior from striped mouse fathers to sons and from mothers to both sons and daughters did not indicate a genetic component. Instead, we found a patrilineal genetic component for parental care in daughters. The reason for this unusual pattern of inheritance is not known, but this finding complements that of our other studies, showing that the expression of maternal care behavior in adult daughters is also not nongenetically influenced by their mothers. We suggest that, although females are constrained to provide maternal care in different social contexts, maternal care behavior may be influenced genetically by the father. J. Exp. Zool. 315:631–638, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of surgical outcomes between endoscopic and robotic thyroidectomy
Authors: Yoo Ho , Chae Byung Joo , Park Hyung Seok , Kim Ki Ho , Kim Shin Hyuk , Song Byung Joo , Jung Sang Seol , Bae Ja Seong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesGasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy offers a distinct advantage over the conventional open operation because it leaves no visible neck scar. Indications have expanded with the development of new surgical techniques and instruments. However, because of the two‐dimensional view and the nonflexible instruments, this procedure is not easily amenable for total thyroidectomy. So, robotic surgery has been introduced and offers improved visualization and dexterity. But, it remains unclear whether robotic thyroidectomy offers any potential benefits over endoscopic thyroidectomy. The aim of this present study was to determine whether robotic surgery is superior to endoscopic surgery through a comparison of surgical outcomes.MethodsBetween May 2009 and February 2011, 165 patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy (endoscopy group) and 46 patients underwent robotic thyroidectomy (robot group). A gasless transaxillary approach was used in both groups. The two groups were compared in terms of patient characteristics, perioperative clinical results, pathologic findings, and postoperative complication.ResultsBoth patient groups were similar in terms of patient characteristics, mean number of retrieved central lymph nodes, pathological features, length of hospital stays, postoperative complication rate, and serum Tg level. However, the mean total operation time for thyroidectomy was 126.2 ± 37.84 min in the endoscopy group and 179.6 ± 44.34 min in the robot group (P < 0.001). Postoperative total drainage for lobectomy was 153.3 ± 45.64 for the endoscopy group and 179.9 ± 49.15 for the robot group (P = 0.031). Cost effectiveness is also an important consideration when evidence for predominance of two surgical techniques is lacking. The mean cost of robotic thyroidectomy was $6,655, compared with $829 for endoscopic thyroidectomy (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications as hypocalcemia, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, chyle leakage and tracheal injury in the two groups (P = 0.332).ConclusionRobotic thyroidectomy was lengthier in duration than endoscopic thyroidectomy, more costly, and associated with increased postoperative drainage with no improvement in oncologic outcomes or complication rates. Therefore our data do not support any advantage of robotic surgery over endoscopic surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:705–708. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrospective LC‐QTOF‐MS analysis searching for pharmaceutical metabolites in urban wastewater
Authors: Hernández Félix , Ibáñez María , Gracia‐Lor Emma , Sancho Juan V. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is a matter of major concern because of their wide consumption and their potential negative effect on the water quality and living organisms. After human and/or veterinary consumption, pharmaceuticals can be excreted in unchanged form as the parent compound and/or as free or conjugated metabolites. These compounds seem not to be completely removed during wastewater treatments and might finally arrive to surface and ground waters. Consequently, both parent pharmaceuticals and metabolites are target analytes to be considered in analytical methodologies. The satisfactory sensitivity in full‐acquisition mode, high‐resolution, exact mass measurements and MS/MS capabilities of hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry make of this technique a powerful analytical tool for the identification of organic contaminants. In this study, the use of QTOF‐MS with the aid of specialised processing‐data application managers has allowed the retrospective analysis of pharmaceuticals metabolites in urban wastewater without the need for additional injection of sample extracts. Around 160 metabolites have been investigated in wastewater samples previously analysed only for parent compounds using LC‐QTOF under MSE mode (simultaneous recording of two acquisition functions, at low and high collision energy). The retrospective analysis was applied to search for pharmaceutical metabolites in parent‐positive effluent wastewaters from the Spanish Mediterranean region. Five metabolites, such as clopidogrel carboxylic acid or N‐desmethyl clarithromycin, were identified in the samples.
Hierarchical multi‐scale occupancy estimation for monitoring wildlife populations
Authors: Pavlacky David C. , Blakesley Jennifer A. , WHITE GARY C. , Hanni David J. , Lukacs Paul M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOccupancy estimation is an effective analytic framework, but requires repeated surveys of a sample unit to estimate the probability of detection. Detection rates can be estimated from spatially replicated rather than temporally replicated surveys, but this may violate the closure assumption and result in biased estimates of occupancy. We present a new application of a multi‐scale occupancy model that permits the simultaneous use of presence–absence data collected at 2 spatial scales and uses a removal design to estimate the probability of detection. Occupancy at the small scale corresponds to local territory occupancy, whereas occupancy at the large scale corresponds to regional occupancy of the sample units. Small‐scale occupancy also corresponds to a spatial availability or coverage parameter where a species may be unavailable for sampling at a fraction of the survey stations. We applied the multi‐scale occupancy model to a hierarchical sample design for 2 bird species in the Black Hills National Forest: brown creeper (Certhia americana) and lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus). Our application of the multi‐scale occupancy model is particularly well suited for hierarchical sample designs, such as spatially replicated survey stations within sample units that are typical of avian monitoring programs. The model appropriately accounts for the non‐independence of the spatially replicated survey stations, addresses the closure assumption for the spatially replicated survey stations, and is useful for decomposing the observation process into detection and availability parameters. This analytic approach is likely to be useful for monitoring at local and regional scales, modeling multi‐scale habitat relationships, and estimating population state variables for rare species of conservation concern. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Enhanced uptake and photoactivation of topical methyl aminolevulinate after fractional CO2 laser pretreatment
Authors: Hædersdal M. , Katsnelson J. , Sakamoto F.H. , Farinelli W.A. , Doukas A.G. , Tam J. , Anderson R.R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) of thick skin lesions is limited by topical drug uptake. Ablative fractional resurfacing (AFR) creates vertical channels that may facilitate topical PDT drug penetration and improve PDT‐response in deep skin layers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pre‐treating the skin with AFR before topically applied methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) could enable a deep PDT‐response.Materials and MethodsYorkshire swine were treated under general anesthesia with a fractional CO2 laser using stacked single pulses of 3 milliseconds, 91.6 mJ per pulse and subsequent topical MAL application for 3 hours (Metvix®). Red light (LED arrays) was then delivered at fluences of 37 and 200 J/cm2. Fluorescent photography and microscopy was used to quantify MAL‐induced porphyrin distribution and PDT‐induced photobleaching at the skin surface and five specific depths down to 1,800 µm.ResultsLaser‐ablated channels were approximately 1,850 µm deep, which significantly increased topical MAL‐induced porphyrin fluorescence (hair follicles, dermis, P < 0.0001) and PDT response, both superficially and deep, versus topical MAL application alone. The fraction of porphyrin fluorescence lost by photobleaching was slightly less after 37 J/cm2 than after 200 J/cm2 (overall median values 67–90%; 37 vs. 200 J/cm2, P > 0.05 for all but one comparison). Photobleaching was steady throughout skin layers and did not vary significantly with skin depth at either LED fluence (P > 0.05).ConclusionsAFR greatly facilitates topical MAL‐induced porphyrins and the fraction of photobleached porphyrins is similar for superficial and deep skin. These observations are consistent with AFR‐enhanced uptake of MAL, increased porphyrin synthesis, and photodynamic activation of deep porphyrins even at the lower fluence of 37 J/cm2, widely used in clinical practice. AFR appears to be a clinically practical means for improving PDT deep into the skin. Clinical studies are suggested to evaluate selectivity in targeting dysplastic cell types. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
When not to treat cutaneous vascular lesions with the pulsed dye laser
Authors: Shofner Joshua D. , Lipworth Adam , Tannous Zeina , Avram Mathew M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe availability of effective laser treatment for cutaneous vascular lesions has risen dramatically in recent years. At the same time, there has been a proliferation of laser providers with varying amounts of training—both medical and nonmedical. We report a series of four cases where patients presented for cosmetic evaluation of vascular lesions and were discovered to have more significant pathologic disease. In presenting these cases, we hope to illuminate a basic differential diagnosis that exists for cutaneous vascular lesions and remind healthcare providers that not all “cosmetic” concerns are benign in origin. There is a differential diagnosis that exists for cutaneous vascular lesions that is worth reviewing, and it should be considered in all patients presenting for laser treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonmotor versus motor symptoms: How much do they matter to health status in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Hinnell Claire , Hurt Catherine S. , Landau Sabine , Brown Richard G. , Samuel Michael ,   on behalf of the PROMS‐PD Study Group
Published: September 2011

AbstractEvidence suggests that both motor and nonmotor symptoms contribute to health status in Parkinson's disease. Less clear is how much change in health status can be expected if these clinical variables change. In addition, anxiety, separate from depression, has rarely been examined as a predictor of health status. We used hierarchical multiple regression analysis and standardized beta coefficients in a prevalent cohort of 462 patients with Parkinson's disease to explore the relative impact on health status (measured using the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire) of 5 well‐recognized symptom domains in Parkinson's disease: motor signs, depression, anxiety, cognition, and other nonmotor symptoms. In the health status scores, 19.6% of variance was explained by age, number of comorbidities, disease duration, and levodopa equivalent dose. Younger age predicted worse health status. A full regression model containing baseline variables and all 5 symptom domains explained 56% of the variance in health status. The standardized beta coefficient for depression was 2.1, 1.6, and 1.3 times that of motor signs, anxiety, and other nonmotor symptoms, respectively. Our findings provide a ranking order of clinical variables for their relative impact on health status in Parkinson's disease and show that depression has more than twice the impact of motor signs on health status. Anxiety and other nonmotor symptoms are also important separate determinants of poor health status in Parkinson's disease. Our results will help to guide the development of individual care and service planning for patients with Parkinson's disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Weekly exercise does not improve fatigue levels in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Winward Charlotte , Sackley Cath , Meek Charmaine , Izadi Hooshang , Barker Karen , Wade Derick , Dawes Helen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:Fatigue is one of the most disabling non‐motor symptoms for people with Parkinson's disease. Exercise may modify fatigue. This study examines prescribed exercise effects on physical activity levels, well‐being, and fatigue in Parkinson's disease.Methods:In this single‐blinded trial, participants were randomly assigned to either a 12 week community exercise program or control group. Primary outcome measures were fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale) and physical activity.Results:Thirty‐nine people with Parkinson's disease were included: 20 in exercise and 19 in control. Sixty‐five percent of the study group were fatigued (n = 24, mean 4.02, SD 1.48). Increased fatigue was associated with lower mobility and activity (P < .05). Individuals participated in a mean of 15 (SD 10) exercise sessions with no significant change in fatigue, mobility, well‐being, or physical activity after exercise (P ≥ .05).Conclusion:Participation in weekly exercise did not improve fatigue in people with Parkinson's Disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Quantitative analysis of tumor burden in mouse lung via MRI
Authors: Tidwell Vanessa K. , Garbow Joel R. , Krupnick Alexander S. , Engelbach John A. , Nehorai Arye 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Despite recent advances in screening protocols, the majority of patients still present with advanced or disseminated disease. Preclinical rodent models provide a unique opportunity to test novel therapeutic drugs for targeting lung cancer. Respiratory‐gated MRI is a key tool for quantitatively measuring lung‐tumor burden and monitoring the time‐course progression of individual tumors in mouse models of primary and metastatic lung cancer. However, quantitative analysis of lung‐tumor burden in mice by MRI presents significant challenges. Herein, a method for measuring tumor burden based upon average lung‐image intensity is described and validated. The method requires accurate lung segmentation; its efficiency and throughput would be greatly aided by the ability to automatically segment the lungs. A technique for automated lung segmentation in the presence of varying tumor burden levels is presented. The method includes development of a new, two‐dimensional parametric model of the mouse lungs and a multi‐faceted cost function to optimally fit the model parameters to each image. Results demonstrate a strong correlation (0.93), comparable with that of fully manual expert segmentation, between the automated method's tumor‐burden metric and the tumor burden measured by lung weight. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐refocused adiabatic pulse for spin echo imaging at 7 T
Authors: Balchandani Priti , Khalighi Mohammad Mehdi , Glover Gary , Pauly John , Spielman Daniel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSpin echo pulse sequences are used to produce clinically important T2 contrast. However, conventional 180° radiofrequency pulses required to generate a spin echo are highly susceptible to the B1 inhomogeneity at high magnetic fields such as 7 Tesla (7 T), resulting in varying signal and contrast over the region of interest. Adiabatic 180° pulses may be used to replace conventional 180° pulses in spin echo sequences to provide greater immunity to the inhomogeneous B1 field at 7 T. However, because the spectral profile of an adiabatic 180° pulse has nonlinear phase, pairs of these pulses are needed for proper refocusing, resulting in increased radiofrequency power deposition and long minimum echo times. We used the adiabatic Shinnar Le‐Roux method to generate a matched‐phase adiabatic 90°–180° pulse pair to obviate the need for a second adiabatic 180° pulse for phase refocusing. The pulse pair was then reformulated into a single self‐refocused pulse to minimize the echo time, and phantom and in vivo experiments were performed to validate pulse performance. The self‐refocused adiabatic pulse produced transmit profiles that were substantially more uniform than those achieved using a conventional spin echo sequence. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triple‐quantum‐filtered sodium imaging of the human brain at 4.7 T
Authors: Tsang Adrian , Stobbe Robert W. , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe limited signal‐to‐noise ratio of triple‐quantum‐filtered MRI of sodium is a major hurdle for its application clinically. Although it has been shown that short 90° radiofrequency pulses in combination with sufficiently long repetition time for full T1 recovery (labelled “standard” parameters) produce the maximum signal through the triple‐quantum‐filter, and in this work, simulation and images of agar phantoms and human brain demonstrate that the use of longer radiofrequency pulses and reduced repetition time (optimized parameters to accommodate more averages for a constant specific absorption rate, reducing noise variance for a given scan length) results in signal‐to‐noise ratio improvement (22 ± 5% in brain tissue of five healthy volunteers—images created in 11 min with nominal resolution of 8.4 mm isotropic). However, residual intensity was observed in the ventricular space on triple‐quantum‐filtered images acquired with either optimized or standard parameters, contrary to the expectation of complete single‐quantum signal suppression. Further simulation and experimentation suggest that this is likely due to the combination of triple‐quantum‐passed signal from surrounding brain tissue being spatially smeared into the ventricular space and single‐quantum‐signal breakthrough from sodium nuclei in the fluid space. It is shown that the latter can be eliminated with judicious first flip angle selection. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integration of diffusion‐weighted MRI data and a simple mathematical model to predict breast tumor cellularity during neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Atuegwu Nkiruka C. , Arlinghaus Lori R. , Li Xia , Welch E. Brian , Chakravarthy Bapsi A. , Gore John C. , Yankeelov Thomas E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDiffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging data obtained early in the course of therapy can be used to estimate tumor proliferation rates, and the estimated rates can be used to predict tumor cellularity at the conclusion of therapy. Six patients underwent diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging immediately before, after one cycle, and after all cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Apparent diffusion coefficient values were calculated for each voxel and for a whole tumor region of interest. Proliferation rates were estimated using the apparent diffusion coefficient data from the first two time points and then used with the logistic model of tumor growth to predict cellularity after therapy. The predicted number of tumor cells was then correlated to the corresponding experimental data. Pearson's correlation coefficient for the region of interest analysis yielded 0.95 (P = 0.004), and, after applying a 3 × 3 mean filter to the apparent diffusion coefficient data, the voxel‐by‐voxel analysis yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.70 ± 0.10 (P < 0.05). Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analytical model for the beam action of a tunnel lining during construction
Authors: Talmon A.M. , Bezuijen A. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYMeasurements on a 14.5‐m diameter bored tunnel have shown that the mechanised assembly of a segmented tunnel lining results in a permanent longitudinal bending moment in the tunnel lining. An analytical model for the beam action of the tunnel lining during the construction phase of bored tunnels is presented. The model incorporates many of the essentials in staged beam construction. It takes into account the influence of forces from the TBM, the loading of the tunnel lining by the grout in the liquid phase, and linear elastic properties of the tunnel lining and soil. Calculations are compared with measurements at the Groene Hart Tunnel (GHT), 20 km south of Amsterdam: the bending moment curve and vertical inclination of tunnel lining segments were compared. The measured bending moment curve is well reproduced. The measured vertical inclination of the lining segments is found to be governed by the beam action of the tunnel lining plus the influence of shear force in the lining. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.