bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Frenotomy Efficacy in Gaining Weight of Exclusively Breastfed Infant with Ankyloglossia
Authors: Koento Trimartani , Tamin Susyana , Hutahuruk Syahrial Marsinta , Praborini Asti , Amouzegar Ervin 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie, is a condition in which the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth through the frenulum, causing limited tongue movement. Short frenulum variations cause reduced anterior tongue movement resulting in breastfeeding, swallowing, articulation, and orthodontics problems. These abnormalities in infants cause breastfeeding problems that affect infants' weight gain, malocclusion, and speech disorders. Frenotomy in infant ankyloglossia is performed if there are problems with breastfeeding, poor sucking, slow weight gain, and recurrent mastitis. With this indication, we need to observed the efficacy of frenotomy done before the age of 1 month, and the frenotomy done at 1-3 months old in gaining weight of exclusively breastfed infants with ankyloglossia.

Materials and Methods:
A observational retrospective cohort method from patient medical records in a private hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. The research subject is a total sampling patient medical records secondary data and collected 68 subjects. The Subjects are divided into two groups, the first group was patients whose frenotomy was done before the age of 1 month, and the second group was patients whose frenotomy was done at 1-3 months old. We assessed the weight gain between the two groups. The data were analyzed and compared the percentage of weight gain before and after frenotomy.

Results:
The percentage of weight gain before and after frenotomy shows that in the first group, there was a percentage gain of 11.4% in body weight of the subjects and during post-frenotomy control, the percentage of weight gain in this group increased to 111, 4%. In the second group, the percentage of weight gain before the frenotomy was 70.6%, while the post-frenotomy control was only 57.7%.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrated the efficacy of frenotomy in gaining weight of exclusively breastfed infants with ankyloglossia. There was a significant difference in the weight gain of infants with ankyloglossia who underwent frenotomy at the age of exclusive breastfeeding, before the age of 1 month and between the ages of 1 to 3 months.
Pediatric Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Raji Abdelaziz , Mounji Houda , Chehbouni Mohammed , Rochdi Youssef , Nouri Hassan , Elfakiri Mehdi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cochlear implants (CIs) are nowadays a widely accepted treatment for sensorineural hearing loss.

Aim:
This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics and the surgical approach and to evaluate the outcomes of our experience in cochlear implantation in pediatric population at the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery of Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted on 113 children with severe-to-profound hearing loss who underwent a cochlear implantation between 2007 and 2018.

Results:
There were 65 females and 48 males with severe-to-profound bilateral deafness, of whom 103 had prelingual deafness. The mean age of pediatric cochlear implantation was 5.25 years. Implantation was unilateral in all patients. The procedure was followed by regular adjustments and speech therapy. The evaluation was carried out by the same team each month during the first 6 months and then every 6 months. The average duration of follow-up was 38.94 months. All patients benefited from their implants with interindividual variability. The good results were correlated with early implantation, significant parental investment, and a steady follow-up of speech therapy.

Conclusion:
Cochlear implantation has revolutionized the management of severe-to-profound deafness. It is a safe and effective technique when it is aimed at correctly selected populations.
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Assessing Benefit from Cochlear Implants, Hearing Aids and Bimodal Stimulation
Authors: Vanaja C. S. , Purkar Snehal Sanjay , Jain Rudravi Rajesh , Kasliwal Aditi Sachin , Rucha V. 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Aided Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials (CAEPs) can be one of the objective methods to assess benefit from hearing devices in difficult-to-test population. There is a dearth of studies using CAEPs to evaluate the benefit obtained with bimodal stimulation.

Aim:
The aim of the present investigation was to investigate if CAEPs can be used as an objective measure to assess benefit from bimodal stimulation.

Participants and Methods:
CAEPs using /t/ stimmulus was recorded from 6 children in 3 conditions (using only hearing aid, with only cochlear implant [CI] and using bimodal condition). Behavioral tests carried out included aided sound field thresholds and Early Speech Perception Test (ESP) in auditory mode.

Results:
CI assisted thresholds for all the six children were within speech spectrum whereas hearing aid assisted thresholds were within speech spectrum for three children and outside speech spectrum for three. The results of ESP complimented the aided thresholds. Amplitude of CAEPs appeared to show an association with behavioural measures. The amplitude of CAEPs were lesser when the benefit from hearing device was lesser.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study indicate that CAEPs can be used to evaluate benefit/advantage from bimodal stimulation in difficult-to-test population. This case report series provides empirical evidence for use of CAEPs in clinics. Studies on larger population are needed to confirm the results of the present study.
Comparative analysis of the red-complex organisms and recently identified periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with severe chronic periodontitis
Authors: Pandian Divya Shree , Victor Dhayanad John , Cholan Priyanka , Prakash PSG , Subramanian Sangeetha , Shankar Sumi Priyadarshini 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This analytical case–control study sought to evaluate the presence of the recently established putative periodontal pathogen organisms, Filifactor
alocis and Fretibacterium
fastidiosum, against the levels of the already established red-complex pathogens, Porphyromonas
gingivalis, Tannerella
forsythia, and Treponema
denticola, in chronic periodontitis sites of patients with and without diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-six subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the deepest sites of subjects diagnosed with severe chronic periodontitis with and without diabetes mellitus. These patients were categorized into two groups of 28 each. Clinical parameters were recorded and microbial analysis was done with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the bacterial counts of F. alocis and F. fastidiosum were determined and then compared with that of the red-complex organisms.

Results:
The bacterial counts were found to be higher in the diabetic group than that in the nondiabetic group, which was statistically significant for T. forsythia (P < 0.037) and T. denticola (P < 0.003). The study found very less number of F. alocis, which was slightly higher in the diabetic group. When correlating the bacterial levels within the nondiabetic groups, the red complex species had a strong positive correlation both individually with F. alocis (P < 0.0001) and F. fastidiosum (P < 0.001) and also when the newer species was clubbed together as a cohort (P < 0.0001). Whereas, in the diabetic group, although there was a positive correlation, there was no statistical significance.

Conclusion:
The results of this study highlighted the presence of a definite difference in the subgingival microbiota of both the patient groups evaluated. They also indicate that of the newly identified microorganisms, both the cohorts had higher levels of F. fastidiosum, suggesting a pathobiont-like role of this bacteria among both these periodontitis groups. F. alocis was comparatively lesser in number among the cohorts evaluated, and the cause for this decreased level of F. alocis needs to be further evaluated. The results of the present study depict a higher bacterial load in the diabetic group when compared to the nondiabetic group. Further, the study demonstrates a strong correlation between the red-complex species and the newer organisms in the nondiabetic group.
Modified extrinsic tooth stain index and its clinical applicability
Authors: Marya Charu Mohan , Taneja Pratibha , Ahuja Tanvi Kaur , Nagpal Ruchi , Kataria Sakshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The first index for the assessment of extrinsic stain was published by Lobene in 1986. Using the Lobene stain index in the field is very cumbersome as well it does not meet the general requirement of an index, i.e., the index is to be simple, rapid, highly reproducible, and sensitive enough to detect small changes in the staining level. Hence, there was a need to develop an alternative index for the same purpose. Hence, the only present study was undertaken to propose a modified stain index with more simplicity and clarity.

Materials and Methods:
An observational study was carried out among 16–44-year-old participants who had at least six natural teeth and were generally healthy. For the revised index, the criteria and codes for intensity were kept the same as MacPherson Index but the criteria for recording area were modified. The data scoring for each tooth was mentioned in the proposed table and was recorded for each of the surfaces according to the proposed area and intensity codes. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21 (IBM, Inc. Virginia, United States). Inferential statistics were performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Nonparametric tests were applied following the imposition of a numerical interval scale the same as the Lobene index.

Results:
No statistically significant difference was appreciated for the area, intensity, and product of area × intensity when compared for measurements recorded by two indices as P > 0.05. Hence, validating the proposed index for the clinical application.

Conclusion:
The proposed modified index may be advantageous over its conventional counterpart due to its ease of recording and concise scoring and also less complexity in the area to be recorded.
Periodontal Ehlers–Danlos syndrome in early childhood: A case report of loss of deciduous teeth
Authors: Martins Ricardo Souza , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , Gondim Juliana Oliveira , Maurique Luísa De Souza , Nolasco-Lopes Clélia Maria , Oliveira Bibiana Mello De , Carvalho Rosimary De Sousa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to report a case of periodontal Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (pEDS) in early childhood. A 3-year-old child, complaining of severe tooth mobility, gingival bleeding, and early loss of deciduous teeth sought the dental clinics. The patient was diagnosed with pEDS, and no other systematic health impairments were diagnosed. It was implemented a strict supragingival biofilm control, using mechanical and chemical strategies. However, during the treatment, the patient had to receive multiple dental extractions. Scaling and root planing were performed in the remaining teeth, and the patient is included in the periodontal maintenance program to prevent recurrence of the disease. It was concluded that, although rare, severe cases of periodontitis may occur in deciduous teeth. Strict supragingival biofilm control and periodontal maintenance are strongly recommended in those patients, along with familial monitoring.
Multiple periodontal abscesses with atypical segmental teeth mobility in a nonperiodontitis case: A periodontal alarm of postcoronavirus disease-2019 mucormycosis
Authors: Shetty Sharath K. , Martande Santosh S. , Poulose Mariam , Gopalakrishnan Dharmarajan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic, constantly mutating virus, and newer complications arising with each passing day have put health workers in jeopardy. One such serious complication being reported is mucormycosis. It is a deadly and rapidly spreading infection resulting in angioinvasion and tissue necrosis. In precoronavirus disease (COVID) era mucormycosis was observed mainly in patients having comorbidities such as diabetes, neutropenia, or previous history of organ transplant. In the present case report, a systemically healthy patient presented with mucormycosis postcoronavirus disease-2019 infection. The patient presented with atypical periodontal findings such as multiple periodontal abscesses, segmental teeth mobility, and deep periodontal pockets confined to the maxillary right quadrant. This form of presentation should be a wake-up call for all dental professionals to be in the constant lookout for any signs and symptoms of mucormycosis even in seemingly nonhigh-risk patients.
Efficacy of chlorhexidine/herbal formulation for microbial reduction in aerosol generated following ultrasonic scaling - A double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ashokkumar Lekha , Lavu Vamsi , Palraj Kennedy Kumar , Rao Suresh Ranga , Balaji Subbusamy Kanakasabapathy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Ultrasonic scaling is a potential source of aerosol contamination in dental clinics. The two primary sources of microbial load in aerosols are from the oral cavity and dental unit water line. Literature evidence suggest that the use of preprocedural mouth rinse reduce the bacterial load in aerosol generated during ultrasonic scaling.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess the comparative efficacy of reduction in viable bacteria in the aerosol at patient’s chest area, doctor’s mask area and two feet beside the patient following use of chlorhexidine/herbal formulation diluted in the water source by a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five subjects (with chronic gingivitis) were matched for age, gender, and gingival index score. The subjects were randomized and received ultrasonic scaling with distilled water (control)/chlorhexidine (tTest)/herbal formulation (test). Aerosol produced during scaling was collected at patient’s chest area, doctor’s mask area, two feet beside the patient on blood agar plates, which were incubated at 37°C for 48 h and total colony forming units (CFUs) were counted.

Results:
A significant reduction in the total CFUs’ counts was observed at all the three sites sampled in test groups (chlorhexidine group and herbal formulation group) as compared to control (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The addition of antiseptic agents to the water source contributed to a significant reduction of the cultivable microbial counts in the aerosol and hence can be used to reduce the risk of cross-infection during ultrasonic scaling.
Associations of Increased Red Cell Distribution Width Levels with the Severity of Carotid Artery Stenosis: Cross-sectional Study Results
Authors: Gaisenok Oleg 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is being actively studied as a biomarker in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of RDW in patients with carotid atherosclerosis, comparing it with an assessment of the severity of carotid artery stenosis (CAS).

Methods:
The Duplex registry database was used to conduct this retrospective cross-sectional study. The study participants underwent a complete blood count test, analysis for lipid profile, and carotid ultrasound. The patients were divided into 5 groups depending on CAS degree: none; 20%–49%; 50%–69%; 70%–99%; and occlusion.

Results:
Data from 2548 patients were included in the final analysis (mean age: 57.9 ± 12.3 years; 51% males [n = 1301]). The analysis confirmed the relationship between the increase in the RDW index and CAS gradation increase in men (Kr-W H = 16.43; P = 0.0009), but was not confirmed in women (Kr-W H = 4.32; P = 0.22). Significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and platelets and lower levels of red blood cell and white blood cells were registered in female patients without CAS and with CAS < 50% compared with men (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The results of the present study showed that RDW is an indicator whose increase is associated with an increase in the degree of carotid atherosclerosis in men, but not in women. This allows to discuss the role of the RDW index as a possible new laboratory biomarker of inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis, which can make an additional contribution to the formation of increased morbidity and mortality in men from atherosclerotic CVD.
The Study of the Feasibility of Ultrasound-guided Catheterization of the Right Brachiocephalic Vein in Adult Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Singh Yudhyavir , Pratibhan Magesh , Singh Abhishek , Depal Vini , Sawhney Chhavi , Gupta Babita 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The brachiocephalic vein (BCV) is a feasible option for central venous access in the pediatric population and is rapidly developing as an alternative site for insertion of the central line in young children with faster insertion times, fewer attempts, and lower rates of complications. However, studies demonstrating the feasibility of BCV catheterization in adult patients are insufficient. The current study sought to assess the safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular right BCV cannulations in adults.

Methods:
A linear array Ultrasound (US) probe was used to obtain a longitudinal picture of the BCV beginning at the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein in the supraclavicular region. Under US supervision, the needle was guided into the BCV using the in-plane approach. A prospective study was performed on 80 adult patients scheduled for elective and emergency operative procedures under general anesthesia requiring a central venous catheter (CVC). Success rates and complications that occurred during catheter insertion were analyzed.

Results:
CVC placement was successful in all adults. The procedure was successful at the first attempt in 74 cases (92.5%) and after 2 attempts in six patients (7.5%). The time to guide wire insertion was 31.26 s (19–58 s), and catheter insertion took 88.44 s (63–145 s). The mean length of catheter insertion was 10.46 cm. No complications were noted.

Conclusion:
Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular BCV catheterization offers a new and safe method for central venous line catheterization in adults. However, larger trials and meta-analyses are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the safety of this technique.
Type IV Sacrococcygeal Teratoma with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Mazumder Raktim , Roshan Md Rameez , Sardar Faruk Rahaman , Halder Pankaj 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is the most common extragonadal germ cell tumor. Based on the external presentation, types I, II, III, and IV are described. Up to 70% of individuals with type IV SCT may experience a delay in diagnosis due to little evidence of an external tumor and the frequent occurrence of obstructive symptoms. We described a rare case of type IV SCT in a 2-year-old girl who primarily exhibited symptoms of urinary incontinence and constipation. She was eventually diagnosed and managed successfully with the complete excision of the tumor along with a colostomy and urinary diversion.
Characteristics of Mechanical Bony Block at the Elbow Region Following Noncompliant Treatment in Rural Settings
Authors: Dharmshaktu Ganesh Singh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Elbow function is important for activities of daily living and restriction of its full range of motion affects the quality of life. Various localized reasons such as trauma, congenital deformities, and diseases may alter bony anatomy resulting in suboptimal joint movement and require appropriate diagnosis and subsequent management. It is therefore important to know the common causes of mechanical elbow block and their pattern.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective account of serial cases of mechanical flexion block with the radiological presence of bony hindrance to elbow motion were included with relevant characteristics like patient demographics, laterality, reason, anatomical involvement, previous and further treatment were noted for each of them.

Result:
A total of 21 cases (18 males and 3 females) with mechanical flexion block were part of the study with a mean age of 20.19 years. Malunited supracondylar and malunited radial head fractures were commonly identified the reason for the bony block, followed by other singular causes. Operative intervention was done in most of the cases, while one case was managed conservatively. Lack of availability of specialist doctors, lack of regular transport to higher center, and financial issues were reasons behind noncompliance to the treatment.

Conclusion:
Mechanical motion block is disabling condition and dedicated preventive and therapeutic intervention is required to deal with it. The pediatric cases can be observed for remodeling failing which operative intervention can be done. The surgery in selective adult cases leads to good outcome.
Prevalence of Obesity in Preschool Children at Hilla/Babylon/Iraq 2020
Authors: Kadhim Bahaa Mufeed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
More and more preschool children in Iraq and elsewhere are becoming overweight or obese. Many countries are now reporting a similar trend among preschool children. However, little information is available on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Iraq. In addition, available data are based on reported rather than measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI).

Aims:
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of obesity/overweight among preschool children in private and governmental kindergartens (KGs) at Hilla 2020.

Settings and Design:
This study was a cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
In order to determine the prevalence of obesity in preschool children 2-5 year old children who are attending kindergartens are selected as a sample in a cross sectional manner, the researcher measured the height and weight and calculated the BMI for each child to compare it with the WHO growth charts. The study was conducted for a period extended from January 2020 to December 2020. The total participants were 2148 parents and their 2–5-year-old children selected from all KGs available. The data were collected using an adapted questionnaire and were analyzed electronically.

Statistical Analysis:
Analysis of data was carried out using the available statistical package of SPSS-27 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 27). Data were presented in simple measures of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and range (minimum–maximum values). The significance of difference of different percentages (qualitative data) was tested using the Pearson Chi-square test. Statistical significance was considered whenever P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool KG children was 14.8% and 5.9%, respectively; the main factors that affect childhood obesity are family income and the presence of obesity in other family members.

Conclusions:
There is a high prevalence of obesity/overweight among 2–5-year-old children with a significant difference regarding obesity/overweight prevalence between governmental and private KGs.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Mini-review
Authors: Joob Beuy , Wiwanitkit Viroj 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since the first incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in 2019, the illness has rapidly spread, increasing the number of cases, hospital admissions, and fatalities associated with COVID-19. The epidemic is putting an unprecedented amount of stress on the health-care system, including programs that perform both allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and cellular treatment employing T cells. The risk of a severe COVID-19 infection in HSCT patients is widely acknowledged, and the COVID-19 vaccine is strongly advised. This mini-review provides a succinct overview of recent advances in COVID-19 and bone marrow transplantation.