bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing User Feedback-Based Counterfactual Explanations (UFCE)
Authors: Suffian Muhammad , Alonso-Moral Jose M. , Bogliolo Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMachine learning models are widely used in real-world applications. However, their complexity makes it often challenging to interpret the rationale behind their decisions. Counterfactual explanations (CEs) have emerged as a viable solution for generating comprehensible explanations in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). CE provides actionable information to users on how to achieve the desired outcome with minimal modifications to the input. However, current CE algorithms usually operate within the entire feature space when optimising changes to turn over an undesired outcome, overlooking the identification of key contributors to the outcome and disregarding the practicality of the suggested changes. In this study, we introduce a novel methodology, that is named as user feedback-based counterfactual explanation (UFCE), which addresses these limitations and aims to bolster confidence in the provided explanations. UFCE allows for the inclusion of user constraints to determine the smallest modifications in the subset of actionable features while considering feature dependence, and evaluates the practicality of suggested changes using benchmark evaluation metrics. We conducted three experiments with five datasets, demonstrating that UFCE outperforms two well-known CE methods in terms of proximity, sparsity, and feasibility. Reported results indicate that user constraints influence the generation of feasible CEs.
Microsatellite instability in gastric cancer: molecular features and clinical implications
Authors: Zhang Ziwei , Liu Zheng , Gu Yuan , Luo Rongkui , Tang Zhaoqing , Sun Yihong , Wang Xuefei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGastric cancer (GC), a molecularly and phenotypically highly heterogeneous malignancy, is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project identifies the microsatellite instability (MSI) subtype of GC, which has garnered increasing attention due to its relatively favorable survival outcome and better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The occurrence of MSI is closely associated with the defects in mismatch repair system, subsequently leading to the accumulation of mutations in cell genome, particularly in microsatellites. Based on the exclusive features of MSI GC, several detection methods like immunohistology have been developed to determine MSI status clinically, with novel detection methods developing. It is clinically observed that MSI GC tends to have a better response to ICIs treatment while its response to chemotherapy is controversial, necessitating further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we systemically summarized the molecular features, detection method, clinico-pathological characteristics and prognosis of MSI GC, offering a comprehensive overview of this unique GC subtype.
Uncertainty reduction strategies to enhance geotechnical site characterization: a case study of the red roof landslide in Wyoming
Authors: Oluwatuyi Opeyemi E. , Ng Kam W. , Wulff Shaun S. , Ree Taylor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents a method for identifying strategic locations to drill additional boreholes by quantifying and reducing subsurface uncertainties in geotechnical site investigations. The case study is the Red Roof landslide site located near milepost 140 on US Highway 26/89 in Teton County, Wyoming. A landslide remediation report had recommended additional boreholes before completion of the project. Two primary sources of uncertainty in geomaterials, namely geological and ground, are evaluated to determine the locations for these additional boreholes. The study aims to enhance site characterization and improve the accuracy of geotechnical assessments by strategically selecting and drilling additional boreholes that will reduce these subsurface uncertainties. The method involves reviewing and collecting the available site investigation data. An extensive geostatistical simulation is conducted based on the available data to identify spatial locations at the site that have uncertain subsurface conditions. Data from the additional boreholes could be utilized in these areas to reduce the uncertainty. This approach aligns with the current multi-phasing of site investigation in engineering practice, where a preliminary investigation is conducted before a detailed investigation. The results show that the locations of additional boreholes identified using this method differ from the ones earlier recommended, showcasing the effectiveness of the methodology in this application. This study also provides insights into effective strategies for reducing uncertainties through strategic borehole placement in similar geotechnical investigations. By quantifying geological and ground uncertainties, the method enables informed decision-making for slope stability analysis and risk assessment, with implications for infrastructure stability and geohazard mitigation.
Cyclic coverings of genus curves of Sophie Germain type
Authors: Naranjo J.C. , Ortega A. , Spelta I. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We consider cyclic unramified coverings of degree d of irreducible complex smooth genus

$2$

curves and their corresponding Prym varieties. They provide natural examples of polarized abelian varieties with automorphisms of order d. The rich geometry of the associated Prym map has been studied in several papers, and the cases

$d=2, 3, 5, 7$

are quite well understood. Nevertheless, very little is known for higher values of d. In this paper, we investigate whether the covering can be reconstructed from its Prym variety, that is, whether the generic Prym Torelli theorem holds for these coverings. We prove this is so for the so-called Sophie Germain prime numbers, that is, for

$d\ge 11$

prime such that

$\frac {d-1}2$

is also prime. We use results of arithmetic nature on

$GL_2$

-type abelian varieties combined with theta-duality techniques.
Are you how you eat? Aspects of self-awareness in eating disorders
Authors: Coutinho Bruna de Moura Cortes , Pariz Caio Gomes , Krahe Thomas E. , Mograbi Daniel C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are severe psychiatric disorders characterized by dysfunctional behaviors related to eating or weight control, with profound impacts on health, quality of life, and the financial burden of affected individuals and society at large. Given that these disorders involve disturbances in self-perception, it is crucial to comprehend the role of self-awareness in their prevalence and maintenance. This literature review presents different self-awareness processes, discussing their functioning across different levels of complexity. By deconstructing this concept, we can gain a better understanding of how each facet of self and personality relates to the symptoms of these disorders. Understanding the absence or impairment of self-awareness in ED holds significant implications for diagnosis, treatment, and overall management. By recognizing and comprehending the characteristics of self-awareness, clinicians can develop tailored interventions and evidence-based treatments for individuals with ED. Furthermore, this narrative review underscores the importance of considering temperament and personality factors in the context of ED, as temperament traits and personality characteristics may interact with self-awareness processes, influencing the development and maintenance of ED. Ultimately, the results highlight the pressing need for further research on the development of effective interventions and support strategies grounded in the aspects of self-awareness mechanisms for individuals affected by these disorders.
Curiosity is more than novelty seeking
Authors: Litovsky Yana , Horn Samantha , Olivola Christopher Y. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The novelty-seeking model (NSM) does not offer a compelling unifying framework for understanding creativity and curiosity. It fails to explain important manifestations and features of curiosity. Moreover, the arguments offered to support a curiosity–creativity link – a shared association with a common core process and various superficial associations between them – are neither convincing nor do they yield useful predictions.
Getting curiouser and curiouser about creativity: The search for a nuanced model
Authors: Horton C. Blaine , Mason Malia F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ivancovsky et al. propose a novelty-seeking model linking curiosity to creativity. This commentary suggests integrating their work with a stage-based creativity model for additional insights. It also encourages readers to address knowledge gaps identified by the authors, including factors that trigger the pursuit of creative solutions. We aim to refine theory and direct future research to clarify the complex curiosity–creativity relationship.
Commentary on creativity and curiosity
Authors: Runco Mark A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The target article covers a large amount of ground and offers a provocative perspective. This commentary focuses on (a) assumptions, namely that there are discrete stages in the creative process and that novelty and usefulness are inextricable, (b) hidden variables in the creativity–curiosity relationship, and (c) the difference between an explanation of creativity versus a description of influence on it.
Beyond novelty: Learnability in the interplay between creativity, curiosity and artistic endeavours
Authors: Omigie Diana , Bhattacharya Joydeep 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Using art and aesthetics as context, we explore the notion that curiosity and creativity emanate from a single novelty-seeking mechanism and outline support for the idea. However, we also highlight the importance of learning progress tracking in exploratory action and advocate for a nuanced understanding that aligns novelty-seeking with learnability. This, we argue, offers a more comprehensive framework of how curiosity and creativity are related.
Be curious: Strategic curiosity drives creativity
Authors: Karwowski Maciej , Zielińska Aleksandra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ivancovsky et al. provide a compelling argument for the role of curiosity in creative thinking. We argue that (a) trait-like curiosity is necessary to engage in creative actions and (b) state-like curiosity might be effectively and strategically induced during interventions. Thus, we posit that curiosity works in an agentic and strategic way in strengthening creativity.
Computational models of intrinsic motivation for curiosity and creativity
Authors: Becker Sophia , Modirshanechi Alireza , Gerstner Wulfram 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We link Ivancovsky et al.'s novelty-seeking model (NSM) to computational models of intrinsically motivated behavior and learning. We argue that dissociating different forms of curiosity, creativity, and memory based on the involvement of distinct intrinsic motivations (e.g., surprise and novelty) is essential to empirically test the conceptual claims of the NSM.
Mindfulness, curiosity, and creativity
Authors: Pagnini Francesco , Maymin Philip , Langer Ellen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Curiosity and creativity are manifestations of novelty-seeking mechanisms, closely intertwined and interdependent. This principle aligns seamlessly with the foundational tenets of Langerian mindfulness, which places novelty seeking as a cornerstone. Creativity, curiosity, openness, and flexibility all harmoniously converge in this framework. Spanning over four decades, research in the realm of mindfulness has diligently delved into the intricate interplay among these constructs.
“Above the Written Law”: Iran-Contra and the Mirage of the Rule of Law
Authors: McPherson Alan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhy have scandalous sprees of lawbreaking by U.S. government officials proven so seductive yet so difficult to prosecute? This article takes the Iran-Contra scandal of the Reagan–Bush era as an instructive case study and red flag in the attitudinal erosion of the belief in the rule of law among American conservatives. Before the scandal broke, officials and legal counsels willfully mis-interpreted a clear prohibition to fund counter-revolutionaries and fabricated a post-facto presidential permission in order to sell weapons to Iran without congressional oversight. Congress's assumption that government officials would obey its statutes resulted in neither wrongdoing being punishable by criminal sanctions. Conservatives therefore argued that ends justified neglecting certain laws while also denying they had broken any laws. Prosecutors found themselves compelled to prosecute Iran-Contra's defendants over more prosaic crimes such as lying and stealing rather than more abstract and damaging ones. President George H. W. Bush's pardon of Iran-Contra defendants contributed to an impunity that further eroded the American rule of law to this day.
Real-world case series of maintenance theta burst stimulation therapy following response to acute theta burst stimulation therapy for difficult-to-treat depression
Authors: Noda Yoshihiro , Fujii Kyoshiro , Nakajima Shinichiro , Kitahata Ryosuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTreatment and management for difficult-to-treat depression are challenging, especially in a subset of patients who are at high risk for relapse and recurrence. The conditions that represent this subset are recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). In this context, we aimed to examine the effectiveness of maintenance transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on a real-world clinical basis by retrospectively extracting data from the TMS registry data in Tokyo, Japan.MethodsData on patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant RDD and BD who received maintenance intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) weekly after successful treatment with acute iTBS between March 2020 and October 2023 were extracted from the registry.ResultsAll patients (21 cases: 10 cases with RDD and 11 cases with BD) could sustain response, and 19 of them further maintained remission. In this study, maintenance iTBS did not exacerbate depressive symptoms in any of the cases, but may rather have the effect of stabilizing the mental condition and preventing recurrence.ConclusionsThis case series is of great clinical significance because it is the first study to report on the effectiveness of maintenance iTBS for RDD and BD, with a follow-up of more than 2 years. Further validation with a randomized controlled trial design with a larger sample size is warranted.
Possibility of Lunar Crustal Magmatism Producing Strong Crustal Magnetism
Authors: Liang Y. , Tikoo S. M. , Krawczynski M. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Moon generated a long‐lived core dynamo magnetic field, with intensities at least episodically reaching ∼10–100 μT during the period prior to ∼3.56 Ga. While magnetic anomalies observed within impact basins are likely attributable to the presence of impactor‐added metal, other anomalies such as those associated with lunar swirls are not as conclusively linked to exogenic materials. This has led to the hypothesis that some anomalies may be related to magmatic features such as dikes, sills, and laccoliths. However, basalts returned from the Apollo missions are magnetized too weakly to produce the required magnetization intensities (>0.5 A/m). Here, we test the hypothesis that subsolidus reduction of ilmenite within or adjacent to slowly cooled mafic intrusive bodies could locally enhance metallic FeNi contents within the lunar crust. We find that reduction within hypabyssal dikes with high‐Ti or low‐Ti mare basalt compositions can produce sufficient FeNi grains to carry the minimum >0.5 A/m magnetization intensity inferred for swirls, especially if ambient fields are >10 μT or if fine‐grained Fe‐Ni metals in the pseudo‐single domain grain size range are formed. Therefore, there exists a possibility that certain magnetic anomalies exhibiting various shapes such as linear, swarms, and elliptical patterns may be magmatic in origin. Our study highlights that the domain state of the magnetic carriers is an under‐appreciated factor in controlling a rock's magnetization intensity. The results of this study will help guide interpretations of lunar crustal field data acquired by future rovers that will traverse lunar magnetic anomalies.
Examination of Magnetic Field Signatures and Local Plasma Distribution Variations in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Authors: Kaminker Vitaliy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpinning disk of plasma results in deformation of Jupiter's magnetic field from a dipole to a magnetodisc configuration with significant radial and azimuthal components. Polar orbit of the Juno spacecraft enables a comprehensive in situ observation of Jupiter's plasmadisc at different latitudes. Observations from magnetometer and plasma distribution instruments on Juno mission were used to examine interaction of magnetic field and heavy ions in Jupiter's nightside magnetosphere. Power spectrum analysis was used to evaluate magnetic fluctuations inside and outside of the plasmadisc. Extensive radial maps of magnetic activity in Jupiter's nightside magnetosphere are presented. Comprehensive examination of magnetic fluctuations enable to identify local plasma density variations that correlate with plasma distribution count rate fluctuations. Observations of magnetic signatures together with examination of plasma distribution are used to detect features that point to plasma transport inside and outside of Jupiter's plasmadisc. This work shows that plasma in Jupiter's magnetosphere is contained near centrifugal equator and is not a subject to curvature drift that could generate ring currents. Signatures described as current sheet crossings were investigated. On close inspection these signatures show attributes that belong to stand alone formations rather than a single current sheet structure. This work shows that current flow is not an adequate mechanism to explain deformation of Jupiter's magnetic field.
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 3: an emerging deubiquitinase that regulates physiology and diseases
Authors: Wang Yizhu , Shi Yanlong , Niu Kaiyi , Yang Rui , Lv Qingpeng , Zhang Wenning , Feng Kun , Zhang Yewei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProteins are the keystone for the execution of various life activities, and the maintenance of protein normalization is crucial for organisms. Ubiquitination, as a post-transcriptional modification, is widely present in organisms, and it relies on the sophisticated ubiquitin-proteasome (UPS) system that controls protein quality and modulates protein lifespan. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) counteract ubiquitination and are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 3 (USP3) is a member of the DUBs that has received increasing attention in recent years. USP3 is a novel chromatin modifier that tightly regulates the DNA damage response (DDR) and maintains genome integrity. Meanwhile, USP3 acts as a key regulator of inflammatory vesicles and sustains the normal operation of the innate immune system. In addition, USP3 is aberrantly expressed in a wide range of cancers, such as gastric cancer, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma, implicating that USP3 could be an effective target for targeted therapies. In this review, we retrace all the current researches of USP3, describe the structure of USP3, elucidate its functions in DNA damage, immune and inflammatory responses and the cell cycle, and summarize the important role of USP3 in multiple cancers and diseases.
Ultrastable and flexible glass−ceramic scintillation films with reduced light scattering for efficient X−ray imaging
Authors: Li Ruizi , Zhu Weiguo , Wang Haoyang , Jiao Yitong , Gao Yuan , Gao Ruikun , Wang Riheng , Chao Hongxiao , Yu Aimin , Liu Xiaowang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe thickness of the scintillation films in indirect X−ray detectors can significantly influence their luminescence intensity. However, due to the scattering and attenuation of incoherent photons, thick scintillation films tend to reduce light yield. Herein, a highly transparent perovskite glass−ceramic scintillation film, in which the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are in-situ grown inside a transparent amorphous polymer structure, is designed to achieve ultrastable and efficient X-ray imaging. The crystal coordination−topology growth and in−situ film formation strategy is proposed to control the crystal growth and film thickness, which can prevent light scattering and non−uniform distribution of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals while providing sufficient film thickness to absorb X−ray, thus enabling a high−quality glass−ceramic scintillator without agglomeration and Ostwald ripening. This glass−ceramic scintillation film with a thickness of 250 μm achieves a low detection limit of 326 nGyair s−1 and a high spatial resolution of 13.9 lp mm−1. More importantly, it displays remarkable scintillation stability under X−ray irradiation (radiation intensity can still reach 95% at 278 μGyair s−1 for 3600 s), water soaking (150 days), and high−temperature storage (150 days at 60 °C). Hence, this work presents a approach to construct ultrastable and flexible scintillation films for X−ray imaging with reduced light scattering and improved resolution.
An active learning framework for the rapid assessment of galvanic corrosion
Authors: Venkatraman Aditya , Katona Ryan Michael , Maestas Demitri , Roop Matthew , Noell Philip , Montes de Oca Zapiain David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current present in a galvanic couple can define its resistance or susceptibility to corrosion. However, as the current is dependent upon environmental, material, and geometrical parameters it is experimentally costly to measure. To reduce these costs, Finite Element (FE) simulations can be used to assess the cathodic current but also require experimental inputs to define boundary conditions. Due to these challenges, it is crucial to accelerate predictions and accurately predict the current output for different environments and geometries representative of in-service conditions. Machine learned surrogate models provides a means to accelerate corrosion predictions. However, a one-time cost is incurred in procuring the simulation and experimental dataset necessary to calibrate the surrogate model. Therefore, an active learning protocol is developed through calibration of a low-cost surrogate model for the cathodic current of an exemplar galvanic couple (AA7075-SS304) as a function of environmental and geometric parameters. The surrogate model is calibrated on a dataset of FE simulations, and calculates an acquisition function that identifies specific additional inputs with the maximum potential to improve the current predictions. This is accomplished through a staggered workflow that not only improves and refines prediction, but identifies the points at which the most information is gained, thus enabling expansion to a larger parameter space. The protocols developed and demonstrated in this work provide a powerful tool for screening various forms of corrosion under in-service conditions.