bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra- and interspecific pairing of rediae and sporocysts of five species of digenetic trematodes
Authors: Reddy A. , Fried B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn vitro pairing studies on rediae of Echinostoma trivolvis, E. caproni, Zygocotyle lunata, Ribeiroia sp. and sporocysts from a species of armatae cercaria were undertaken at 22°C in a Petri dish bioassay containing an agar substratum and a Locke's 1:1 overlay. Pairing was arbitrarily defined as larvae in contact or within 1 mm of each other. Intraspecific and interspecific pairing occurred in the bioassay using several larval combinations initially placed 5 or 10 mm apart. Intraspecific pairing occurred with the rediae of Ribeiroia sp. and interspecific pairing was seen between E. trivolvis or E. caproni and Ribeiroia sp. A previous study documented intraspecific and interspecific pairing between rediae of E. trivolvis and E. caproni. Armatae sporocysts did not pair intraspecifically or interspecifically when matched with either E. caproni or E. trivolvis rediae. Intraspecific pairing of Z. lunata or interspecific pairing between Z. lunata rediae and echinostome rediae did not occur. The significance of redial pairing remains unclear.
Cellular immune response studies in bancroftian filariasis
Authors: Regunathan J. , Jayaraman K. , Kaliraj P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn attempt was made to identify the filarial specific antigens that are capable of inducing immune response in human filariasis. Lymphocytes were taken from three clinically defined groups living in an endemic area in Madras, namely microfilaraemic (MF) subjects with microfilariae in their blood smear without any clinical symptoms, chronic pathology (CP) individuals with lymphangitis or lymphadenitis in combination with a history of recurrent filarial fevers or lymphoedema, and endemic normals (EN) subjects without microfilariae nor any clinical symptoms of pathology. Lymphocytes from the three groups responded with no significant difference (P= 0.21) in their proliferative index to PPD and PHA, although lymphocytes from MF individuals showed significantly (P< 0.001) less proliferative index toBrugia malayiantigen (BMA) than the CP and EN subjects. This antigen specific cellular unresponsiveness seen in MF patients was not reversed by the addition of recombinant IL-lα, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, but the addition of sera from EN individuals seemed to restore this unresponsiveness (P< 0.001). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MF patients secreted more IL-1 in response to BMA induction than the same from CP and EN individuals. A 58 kDa recombinant protein isolated from aWuchereria bancroftigenomic library (58 kDa) had mounted a higher proliferative response to lymphocytes from all three groups compared to BMA (P< 0.001) indicating the possible use of recombinant filarial protein to mount immunological responses in filarial patients.
Centrocestus formosanus: surface morphology of metacercaria, adult and egg
Authors: Srisawangwong T. , Pinlaor S. , Kanla P. , Sithithaworn P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe surface morphology of metacercariae isolated from Puntius spp., adult worms from infected hamsters and eggs of Centrocestus formosanus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) were studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the surfaces of the metacercariae and adult worms were closely similar in appearance. The oral sucker was surrounded by a circumoral expansion with two rows of 32 spines (16 spines each). The ventral sucker, with six large nonciliated papillae on the lip, and the genital opening were located midventrally. The excretory pore was terminal. The body surface was covered with pectinate scale-like spines of varying sizes. The scales in the middle area were larger than those in the anterior and posterior parts of the body. Sensory papillae, mostly uniciliated, were present in greater abundance at the anterior region of both stages. However, morphological variations were observed among the adults depending on the age of the worms. At 4 weeks, the oral sucker and circumoral expansion were cobblestone-like in structure and the grooves of spines split compared with their smooth surfaces at 10 days. In addition, the ventral sucker became depressed and its large papillae on the lip disappeared at 10 weeks post infection. Multiciliated papillae were also present in 10-week old worms. Each egg of this parasite possessed a prominent operculum and a latticed design on the egg shell.
Effect of a high protein diet on worm recovery, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice
Authors: Sudati J.E. , Rivas F. , Fried B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effects of a high protein diet on the host-parasite relationship of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. The customized high protein diet (CHPD) contained 64% casein as a source of protein. The control diet consisted of a standard laboratory diet containing 23% casein as a source of protein. Mice were each fed 25 cysts of E. caproni by stomach tube and necropsied 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks postinfection. The weight of mice on the CHPD did not differ significantly from mice on the control diet. Worm recoveries were also unaffected by the high protein diet. There was a significant decline in worm dry weight, body area and uterine egg counts in worms from mice on the CHPD compared with those on the control diet. Worms from hosts on the CHPD were located more posteriad in the gut than those recovered from mice on the control diet. Changes in the mouse diet adversely affected E. caproni maturation and growth, possibly by altering the immediate host mucosal environment and making it less conducive to worm development.
Presence of a conserved domain of GATA transcription factors inEchinococcus granulosus
Authors: Garat B. , Esperón P. , Martínez C. , Robello C. , Ehrlich R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn order to characterize GATA transcription factors inEchinococcus granulosus, a PCR-based cloning strategy was developed. Degenerate oligonucleotides were designed for the most conserved sequence in GATA proteins that include 20 amino acids of the zinc domain. A 60 bp fragment was isolated that had high homology among this sequence and those reported in other species. An analogous sequence was obtained by performing the same procedure with DNA from the free living platyhelminthDugesia tigrina. High stringency Southern blotting experiments confirmed the presence of this sequence in the parasite genome.
Abnormal spicule development in a laboratory strain of Trichostrongylus vitrinus
Authors: Roy E.A. , Beveridge I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe occurrence of specimens in a laboratory strain of Trichostrongylus vitrinus exhibiting unusual spicules resembling those of T. minor and T. angistris is reported and the abnormal spicules described. The specimens include individuals with one spicule typical of T. vitrinus and the other spicule of the abnormal type. Possible reasons for the occurrence of such abnormalities are discussed.
Dietary protein influences on regulation of Haemonchus Contortus populations in Dorsimal lambs
Authors: Israf D.A. , Zainal M.J. , Ben-Gheshir M.A. , Rasedee A. , Sani R.A. , Noordin M.M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe influence of dietary protein supplementation upon resistance to haemonchosis was examined in Dorsimal (Polled Dorset × Malin) lambs offered two levels of protein. Lambs were offered either a complete basal ruminant diet (15% crude protein (CP)) or the same diet supplemented with fish meal as a source of rumen bypass protein (19% CP). Lambs from each dietary treatment group were given either a 7-week trickle infection with Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) or remained uninfected. All lambs were drenched with anthelmintic at week 8 post-infection (PI), challenged with a single dose of 5000 H. contortus L3 one week later, and killed 14 days post-challenge (PC). Lambs on the supplemented diet that were trickle infected showed a significant reduction in egg output. Supplementation and previous infection did not affect either growth rate, worm burden, worm development or haematological parameters. There was a trend for enhanced growth among supplemented non-infected lambs in comparison to lambs which received the basal ration.
Evaluation of excretory/secretory products of larval Taenia solium as diagnostic antigens for porcine and human cysticercosis
Authors: Ko R.C. , Ng T.F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractExcretory/secretory antigens (ES) of larval Taenia solium were obtained by maintaining the bladder worms in Medium 199 for 3 days. Analsysis by SDS-PAGE showed that ES antigens consisted of at least 19 polypeptides, with Mrranging from 14–116 kDa. Analytical isoelectric focusing revealed eight bands with acidic pI. An immunocytolocalization study using the peroxidase method demonstrated the presence of ES epitopes on the tegument of the wall of the spiral canals of bladder worms. The specificity of ES antigens was evaluated by EITB, ELISA and FAST-ELISA using antisera against the common parasites of Chinese pigs and man. ES antigens cross-reacted with the antiserum against larval T. hydatigena of pigs. However, these antigens were generally more specific in diagnosing human cysticercosis. Three host-like molecules with molecular masses 43, 58 and 66 kDa were present in the ES products.
An immunohistochemical investigation of the adult stage of the equine parasiteStrongylus vulgaris
Authors: Mobarak M.S. , Ryan M.F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAdultStrongylus vulgaris, collected from the caecum of infected horses and embedded in paraplast using standard methods, were sectioned for immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies. Antibodies were raised in rabbit against the excretory–secretory product (ESP) and against two constituent protein bands (28–30 kDa). The use of sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting indicated the immunogenicity of ESP and of the subunits (28–30 kDa). In ELISA, both rabbit hyperimmune sera recognized the ESP and (28–30 kDa) bands consistently and strongly. Both hyperimmune sera recognized most ESP subunits (80, 60, 54, 42, 35, 30, 20 and 15 kDa) in immunoblots. IHC, using light microscopy, suggested that the following worm tissues reacted strongly and positively with both antisera: amphids, tooth core, intestine, excretory gland and ducts, and hypodermis. Thus, either these are antigen-producing tissues, or antigens sharing common epitopes occur in them. The following tissues reacted weakly: body cuticle, buccal capsule cuticle, oesophagus, and also somatic muscle (non-contractile portion) perhaps due to diffusion of antigen from adjacent tissues. Preimmune serum gave a negative reaction with most worm tissues.
Surface ultrastructure of juvenile and adult stages of Centrocestus armatus
Authors: Woo Ho-Choon , Seo Myung-Deuk , Hong Sung-Jong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCentrocestus armatus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) develops rapidly and produces eggs at 3 days postinfection in albino rats. Excysted metacercariae are pear-shaped and concave ventrally, with 42–44 peg-like circumoral spines. The entire body surface is densely covered with scale-like serrated spines. On juveniles, serration of the tegumental spines is greatest in the middle of the ventral and dorsal surfaces, and decreases anteriorly and posteriorly. Ciliated sensory papillae are concentrated around the oral sucker. Several nonciliated sensory papillae (type II papillae) occur equidistantly on the acetabulum and are arranged in a linear symmetry on the dorsal surface. On adults, the serration of the tegumental spines decreases to 14–17 tips on the ventrolateral surface. The high density of tegumental spines on posterior half of the body and the distribution of type II papillae on dorsal surface are considered to be characteristic of C. armatus.
Studies on Spiruroid Parasites of Indian Birds. Part II. A new genus and five new species of Acuariidae, together with a key to the genus Echinuria
Authors: Ali Mir Moazzam 
Published: June 2009

1. Echinuria leiperi n.sp. and Echinuria singhi n.sp. are described from aquatic birds. A key to the species of the genus Echinuria is provided.2. Skrjabinoclava alii n.sp. is described from Threskiornis melanocephalus.3. Synhimantus hyderabadensis n.sp. and Synhimantus suraiyae n.sp. are described from Centropus sinensis and Urocissa flavirostris, respectively. Their relationship with the rest of the species of the genus is discussed. Synhimantus invaginatus (Linstow, 1901) Skrjabin, 1924, is reported for the first time from India and is redescribed.4. Aliella anhingae gen. et sp. nov. is described from Anhinga melanogaster and is compared with the related genera of the family Acuariidae.
Nematodes of the Genus Capillaria Zeder, 1800 from the Collection of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine III. Capillariids from Mammalian Hosts
Authors: Wakelin D. 
Published: June 2009

1. Nine species of the genus Capillaria, namely C. aerophila, C. annulosa, C. bovis, C. brevipes, C. cholidicola, C. erinacei, C. incrassata, C. kutori and C. plica, are recorded from eight species of mammalian hosts. Measurements and figures are given.2. The taxonomic position of the species C. bovis and C. brevipes from Ovis aries, of C. erinacei from Erinaceus europaeus and of C. incrassata from Talpa europaea is considered in the light of observations made on the material in the collection. The identity of several species resembling C. erinacei is discussed.
Proteocephalus filicollis(Rudolphi, 1802) andProteocephalus ambiguus(Dujardin, 1845), Two Hitherto Confused Species of Cestodes
Authors: Willemse J. J. 
Published: June 2009

Several kinds of data were collected from worms belonging to the genusProteocephalus, living in the intestines ofPygosteus pungitiusandGasterosteus aculeatus.a. Morphological data. When we compare the morphological characteristics of worms from the two hosts we find small differences in those characteristics commonly used in the descriptions of species of the genusProteocephalus. Regularly differences of the same magnitude are used to separate species.b. Experimental infections show that a high degree of host specificity exists in worms from the two hosts. It is impossible to cultivate worms originally coming from one host species in the intestine of the other. These experimental infections were carried out either by feeding intermediate hosts carrying plerocercoids to fishes free of infection, or by collecting worms from the intestine of one fish and introducing them into the intestine of another fish.Experimental infections of alien hosts failed whereas infections of the proper host, carried out as controls, always were successful.c. Mixed populations ofGasterosteusandPygosteusliving in a small closed canal system gave additional data indicating the existence of a high degree of host specificity. Throughout the yearGasterosteusshowed no infection at all whereasPygosteuswas “normally” infested.d. Monthly dissections ofPygosteusshowed that inProteocephalusliving in this fish species no seasonal cycle exists similar to that found by Hopkins inProteocephalusfromGasterosteus. The stages of development ofProteocephaluscollected during the dissections ofGasterosteuscorrespond with Hopkins' seasonal cycle.e. As a result of these observations it is proposed to consider the worms fromPygosteusas belonging to a distinct species. Since Dujardin was the first to describe worms belonging to the genusProteocephalusand living in the intestine ofPygosteusasProteocephalus ambiguus(Dujardin, 1845) this obviously ought to be the name of the species involved. The use of the nameP. filicollis(Rudolphi, 1802) is restricted to material fromGasterosteus.
Œsophagostomes of Goats, Sheep and Cattle
Authors: Goodey T. 
Published: June 2009

A Recent study by the writer (1924) on the type species of the genus Œsophagostomum, O. dentatum, from the pig, has brought to light certain interesting anatomical features and shown the desirability of a closer examination of the members of the genus occurring in other farm animals.Three species of these are well known, namely, O. columbianum, O. radiatum and O. venulosum, and have been dealt with fairly completely within recent years by Ransom (1911) and Railliet and Henry (1913), but even in the accounts of the worms given by these authors, there are certain differences concerning details of structure, which suggest the need for further investigation. Again, in studying O. dentatum, it was found that the genital cone of the male had a well defined structure, and it seemed of interest to determine whether the genital cones in the other species were built on the same general plan as that of O. dentatum, and whether they possessed specific differences from it and amongst themselvse
Experimental Studies on Dibothriocephalus latus in Man
Authors: Le Bas G. Z. L. 
Published: June 2009

1. Infection with Dibothriocephalus latus for as long a period as nine months or with as many as three worms, apart from diarrhoea in the early stages does not necessarily give rise to any symptoms which would suggest the presence of the parasite.2. In these experimental cases a definite train of symptoms, i.e., constipation for a period of one or more days followed by diarrhcua marked the onset of complete sexual maturity of the parasite.3. No appreciable anaemia was produced, nor was there a definite diminution of erythrocytes.
On the Morphology and Biology of a Larval Stage of Muellerius capillaris (Mueller, 1889) Cameron, 1927; a Lungworm of Sheep and Goats
Authors: Morgan D. O. 
Published: June 2009

Muellerius capillaris was first described by Mueller in 1889 who placed it in the genus Pseudalius; it was transferred in 1907 by Railliet and Henry to their new genus Synthetocaulus. In 1927, Cameron, in his review of the family Protostrongylidæ Leiper, 1926, created the genus Muellerius to include this species; a description of this parasite together with figures of the adult and the larval stage commonly met with in the lungs and droppings of sheep and goats, is included in his paper.M. capillaris inhabits the bronchioles and alveoli of the lungs of sheep and goats but is probably more often observed in the connective tissue of the lungs where it forms nodules of varying sizes. In heavy infestations these nodules are so close together that they appear as large greyish patches on the surface of the lung. The nodules eventually become calcified.
The Use of a Microbalance in Putting up Uniformly Sized Batches of Heterodera Cysts for Experiment.
Authors: Fenwick D. W. , Reid Elizabeth 
Published: June 2009

Tests were conducted using a capillary microbalance to estimate the errors introduced as a result of weighing out replicate cyst batches in place of counting.Experiments with differently sized samples showed that the normal relationship between sample size and accuracy applied to such cases, the error for samples of 100 cysts being usually of the order of less than 10%. There is some evidence that the errors in cyst number introduced as a result of weighing is reflected by an increased error in the larval count, although under the conditions of experiment the increase was barely significant. It is suggested that if replication is increased by 50% or 100% then errors due to inequality in cyst numbers are more than counteracted.
The Seasonal Variations in the Worm Burden of Scottish Hill Sheep
Authors: Morgan D. O. , Parnell I. W. , Rayski C. 
Published: June 2009

1. The investigation shows that the spring increase in worm egg output of Scottish hill sheep is correlated with an increase in worm burden.2. The increase is mainly due to members of the Trichostrongylidae, and of these the stomach worms, Ostertagia spp. and Trichostrongylus axei, are the most important.8. This increase in the worm burden in the spring is due to larvae picked up at that time, and there was no evidence that any were lying dormant throughout the winter in the mucous membrane of the abomasum and small intestine.
Some Observations on Dictyocotyle coeliaca Nybelin, 1941 (Monogenea)
Authors: Hunter G. C. , Kille R. A. 
Published: June 2009

1. Heavy infestations of the coelom-dwelling trematode, Dictyocotyle coeliaca, in rays are reported.2. Of seven species of skates and rays examined, 16 of 55 specimens of R. naevtis and 81 of 78 specimens of R. naevus and 31 of 73 specimems of R. radiata were infested.3 The spindle-shaped, three-sided operculate eggs are described and possible modes of exit from the male and female hosts are discussed.4. A number of immature stages have been found and descriptions are given. Unlike the adults, the opisthaptor projects prominently beyond the posterior margin of the body, but the number and arrangement of the loculi appears to be the same.5. The systematic position of the trematode is discussed.
Experiments with D-D Mixture. Against Root-Knot Eelworm, Heterodera marioni (Cornu)
Authors: Edwards E. E. 
Published: June 2009

A D-D mixture was tested against the Root-Knot Eelworm, Heterodera marioni (Cornu), in a glasshouse devoted to the growing of tomatoes under commercial conditions in South Wales. The effects of four different rates of application, namely, 0, 200, 300 and 400 lb. per acre injected at a depth of seven inches at staggered points fifteen inches apart were investigated.Improvements in growth of the tomatoes and reductions in the eelworm manifestations on the roots were produced in proportion to the increases in the dosage rate. Height of the plants, number of flower trusses and yield of fruit were selected for actual measurements of the effects produced on the growth of the tomato plant. All of them showed a graduated response to the injections at 200, 800 and 400 lb. per acre, the yields of marketable tomatoes, for example, being at the three dosage levels, respectively, about 200, 850 and 450 per cent. higher than in the controls.The nematocidal effects were measured independently by grading the roots into four distinct categories, according to the severity of the pathological manifestations associated with the presence of Heterodera marioni. Judging by the results obtained in this way, D-D reduced the infestation by something like 25, 50 and 75 per cent, when injected at the rate of 200, 800 and 400 lb. per acre respectively. No information regarding the quantity necessary to effect complete extermination is available but it seems that an application exceeding 400 lb. would be imperative for this purpose at least in heavily infected soils where 70 per cent, of the plants are liable to suffer severe infestations.
Observations and Experiments on Stem Eelworm, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936, with Special Reference to Weed Hosts
Authors: Southey J. F. , Staniland L. N. 
Published: June 2009

It is well known that certain weeds can act as alternative hosts for some races of stem eelworm, thereby tending to defeat the objects of crop rotation. During the course of advisory work in this province, collections of weeds have been made from various sites where stem eelworm attacks were known to have occurred, with a view to discovering which ones were likely to act as bridging hosts.While it is fully realised that the presence of D. dipsaci in a weed growing amongst a crop infested with this eelworm does not prove that the eelworms are of the same biologic race, it is felt that observations of this kind are a valuable and necessary preliminary to host transference experiments.
On the species of Paramphistomum Fischoeder, 1901 Occurring in Britain and Ireland with Notes on Some Material from the Netherlands and France.
Authors: Willmott S. 
Published: June 2009

Two new species of Paramphtstomum from cattle are described, namely, P. hiberniae n.sp. and P. scotiae n.sp., first collected from Irish and Scottish cattle respectively.A brief account of gametogenesis and early cleavage division is given.The chromosome number for P. scotiae is n=8, 2n=16, for P. hiberniae no definite number is given but it is believed to be n = 8 (6–8), 2n=16 (12–16). Notes are made on some specimens received from the Netherlands and France.P. hiberniae and P. scotiae are compared with P. cervi and P. leydeni.