bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and stabilization of Boolean networks
Authors: Cheng Daizhan , Qi Hongsheng , Li Zhiqiang , Liu Jiang B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe stability of Boolean networks and the stabilization of Boolean control networks are investigated. Using semi‐tensor product of matrices and the matrix expression of logic, the dynamics of a Boolean (control) network can be converted to a discrete time linear (bilinear) dynamics, called the algebraic form of the Boolean (control) network. Then the stability can be revealed by analyzing the transition matrix of the corresponding discrete time system. Main results consist of two parts: (i) Using logic coordinate transformation, the known sufficient condition based on incidence matrix has been improved. It can also be used in stabilizer design. (ii) Based on algebraic form, necessary and sufficient conditions for stability and stabilization, respectively, are obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive output feedback stabilization for a class of nonlinear systems with inherent nonlinearities and uncertainties
Authors: Shang Fang , Liu Yungang , Zhang Chenghui 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of adaptive stabilization by output feedback for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The distinguishing feature of such a class of systems is the presence of uncertain control coefficient and unmeasured states dependent growth with growth rate of polynomial‐of‐output multiplying an unknown constant. First, new high‐gain K‐filters with two dynamic gains are introduced, and an appropriate state observer is constructed based on the K‐filters. Then, motivated by the universal control idea, the backstepping scheme is successfully developed for the adaptive output feedback control design. By appropriate choice of the design parameters, the global stability of the closed‐loop system can be guaranteed. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the correctness of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Further results onH∞filtering for discrete‐time systems with state delay
Authors: Li Xianwei , Li Zhicheng , Gao Huijun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article studies the problem ofH∞filtering for linear discrete‐time systems with state delay. Via delay partitioning idea, two newH∞filter design methods are proposed with much less conservatism than most existing results. The improvement lies in constructing two new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals by partitioning the known constant lower bound of delay into several segments equally. Using free‐weighting matrix and Jensen inequality methods, two new delay‐dependent bound real lemmas (BRLs) are obtained, which depend on both the delay and the partitioning number. Based on the obtained BRLs, newH∞filter design approaches are proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The results are immediately extended to multiple time delay case and polytopic uncertain case, respectively. Three numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed approaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Splanchnic Vasoregulation After Major Abdominal Surgery in Pigs
Authors: Brügger Lukas E. , Beldi Guido , Beck Mario , Porta Francesca , Bracht Hendrik , Candinas Daniel , Takala Jukka , Jakob Stephan M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundUnrecognized reduction of blood supply to intestinal organs is associated with significant postoperative morbidity in abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to determine whether—in the absence of hypovolemia—intestinal hypoperfusion as a result of blood flow redistribution occurs after abdominal surgery.MethodsStandardized operative trauma was induced in 14 healthy pigs. Systemic, regional, and local blood flow, intestinal and gastric intraluminal‐to‐end‐tidal pCO2 gradients representing mucosal perfusion, and oxygen transport variables were measured for 10 postoperative hours. Normovolemia was maintained using continuous infusion of Ringer’s lactate and additional boluses of colloids in response to blood pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, and urinary output.ResultsPostoperative blood flow was significantly increased in the celiac trunk (76% increase [percentage of baseline flow], p = 0.003) and the hepatic (136% increase, p = 0.002) and splenic (36% increase, p = 0.025) arteries. Blood flow was significantly decreased in the mesenteric artery (25% decrease, p = 0.007) and portal vein (13% decrease, p = 0.028). Carotid and renal artery blood flow remained unchanged.ConclusionsMaintenance of normovolemia is insufficient to protect from intestinal hypoperfusion after abdominal surgery. Postoperative redistribution of cardiac output results in decreased intestinal and increased hepatic and splenic arterial blood flow.
Orally administered emu oil decreases acute inflammation and alters selected small intestinal parameters in a rat model of mucositis
Authors: Lindsay Ruth J. , Geier Mark S. , Yazbeck Roger , Butler Ross N. , Howarth Gordon S. 
Published: April 2010

Mucositis resulting from cancer chemotherapy is a serious disorder of the alimentary tract. Emu oil has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of arthritis and wound healing; however, its effects on the intestine remain unknown. We investigated emu oil for its potential to decrease the severity of mucositis in a rat model. Female Dark Agouti rats (110–150 g) were orogastrically gavaged with emu oil (0·5 or 1 ml) or water (1 ml) for 5 d before intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 150 mg/kg) or saline (control), and this was continued up to the day of sacrifice (48, 72 and 96 h post 5-FU administration). Histological (villus height, crypt depth (CD) and disease severity score) and biochemical (myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity) parameters were determined in intestinal tissues collected at sacrifice. Sucrase activityin vivowas quantified by the sucrose breath test. Activated neutrophil activity (MPO) in the ileum was significantly decreased by emu oil (0·5 ml, 451 (sem168) U/g and 1 ml, 503 (sem213) U/g) compared with 5-FU-treated controls (1724 (sem431) U/g) 96 h post 5-FU administration. There were also significant increases in CD (152 (sem8) μm) in the ileum of rats that receivied 1 ml emu oil at 96 h compared with 5-FU-treated controls (CD (106 (sem12) μm)). Emu oil did not affect sucrase activity. Emu oil decreased acute ileal inflammation, and improved mucosal architecture in the intestine during recovery from chemotherapy in rats. Further studies investigating the potential benefits of emu oil as a nutritional supplement for the treatment of intestinal disorders are indicated.
Contingent Democratisation? The Rise and Fall of Participatory Budgeting in Buenos Aires
Authors: RODGERS DENNIS 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe implementation of participatory budgeting in Buenos Aires following the crisis of December 2001 was a highly unlikely event. The different parties involved had competing and contradictory agendas that did not coincide with participatory budgeting's stated aims of extending citizen participation in government, but these interacted in a way that contingently created a space for a viable process to develop. Subsequent political shifts led to the demise of participatory budgeting, but the Buenos Aires case is nevertheless important because it highlights the way in which such processes can emerge in the absence of strong programmatic politics, thereby potentially opening new avenues for the promotion of democratic innovation.
To Conform or to Confront? CSOs and Agrarian Conflict in Post-Conflict Guatemala
Authors: VAN LEEUWEN MATHIJS 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article is about the role of civil society after violent conflict. It argues that the transformations that civil society organisations (CSOs) make are more ambiguous than supporting donors and NGOs presume. The article analyses how, ten years after the 1996 peace agreements, Guatemalan CSOs deal with agrarian conflict. It discusses in detail the case of a church-related organisation assisting peasants with agrarian conflicts and the challenges it faced in defining its strategies. The article argues that supporting donors and NGOs should stop seeing the difficulties of organisational change in post-conflict situations exclusively in terms of the internal incapacities of civil society. Instead, they should re-politicise their analyses and focus on the importance of broader social and political processes in post-conflict settings for the strategic options open to CSOs.
Confronting the Crisis of the Slave-Based Plantation System in Puerto Rico: Bureaucratic Proposals for Agricultural Modernisation, Diversification and Free Labour, c. 1846–1852
Authors: CHINEA JORGE L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBy the late 1820s, Puerto Rico and Cuba had become Spain's only remaining colonies in the Americas and its major source of colonial returns. A decade later, however, the slave-based plantation system in Puerto Rico was beginning to show signs of stagnation due to the convergence of a number of domestic and international forces. In the late 1840s the Iberian colonial bureaucracy initiated a series of proposals to stimulate Puerto Rico's transformation into an agriculturally modern, diversified, free-labour economy. This initiative failed due to an adverse economic environment, administrative confusion and rivalries, and the failure of officials on the island to enlist the support either of local planters or those at the lower levels of society. This paper explores the reasons for this failure in detail.
Integrating evolutionary and social science approaches to the family
Authors: Cox Donald 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecent work on the evolution of utility has brought the blunt instrument of kin selection closer to the cluttered scalpel kit of social science. The concept of diminishing marginal utility can help streamline the latter. Reconciling ultimate causes with proximate inclinations, however, will be easier for the case of assistance from grandparents than assistance to them.
Is contemporary grandparental care an evolutionary mismatch?
Authors: Euler Harald A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn order to evaluate the impact of contemporary grandparenting, the view should not be restricted to developmental achievement effects in grandchildren. Both child happiness and grandparent happiness are high-ranking goals with implications for public policy. The beneficial impact of grandparenting for risk families appears unequivocal, and modern life still encounters all kinds of unpredictable risks. Contemporary grandparental care is no evolutionary mismatch.
Intergenerational conflict over grandparental investment
Authors: Fawcett Tim W. , van den Berg Pieter , Weissing Franz J. , Park Justin H. , Buunk Abraham P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSelection on grandparental investment is more complex than Coall & Hertwig (C&H) propose. Patterns of investment are subject to an intergenerational conflict over how resources should be distributed to maximize fitness. Grandparents may be selected to distribute resources unevenly, while their descendants will be selected to manipulate investment in their own favor. Here we outline the evolutionary basis of this conflict.
An evolutionary perspective can help unify disparate accounts of grandparental investment
Authors: Gurven Michael , Schniter Eric 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCoall & Hertwig (C&H) bring attention to alternative accounts of grandparental investment from economics, evolutionary anthropology, psychology, and sociology, which have yet to be reconciled. We attempt to help integrate some of the disparate perspectives by expanding the scope of the evolutionary perspective, highlighting some gaps, and discussing problems with the authors' treatment of grandparents in traditional societies.
Continuity between pre- and post-demographic transition populations with respect to grandparental investment
Authors: Huber Brad R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis commentary suggests that there is more continuity in pre- and post-demographic transition populations with respect to grandparental investments than is assumed by Coall & Hertwig (C&H). Recent research employing high-quality data supports the claim that sex-biased grandparental investments are likely to exist in industrialized societies, and that the economic status of grandparents is related to their long-term fitness.
Fitness effects of grandparental investments in contemporary low-risk societies
Authors: Kaptijn Ralf , Thomese Fleur 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCoall & Hertwig (C&H) suggest that, because grandparental investments do not impact on child mortality in low-risk societies, fitness effects are not plausible any more. We found that grandparental investments could very well alleviate contemporary constraints on fertility. Cultural factors may influence both the occurrence and impact of grandparental investments.
Intergenerational transfers and the cost of allomothering in traditional societies
Authors: Kramer Karen L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe question of why helpers help is debated in the cooperative breeding literature. Recent reevaluations of inclusive fitness theory have important implications for traditional populations in which the provisioning of young occurs in the context of intergenerational transfers. These transfers link older and younger generations in an economic relationship that both minimizes the demand for help and the cost of helping.
Population aging and the economic role of the elderly: Bonanza or burden?
Authors: Lee Ronald D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAs societies industrialize, the age profile of consumption tilts strongly toward the elderly, while elder labor supply drops. Low fertility and long life lead to population aging. For millennia, material resources have, on net, flowed downward from older to younger within populations, but now in many rich societies net flows have reversed and go upwards from young to old.
The generation game is the cooperation game: The role of grandparents in the timing of reproduction
Authors: Sear Rebecca , Dickins Thomas E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCoall & Hertwig (C&H) demonstrate the importance of grandparents to children, even in low fertility societies. We suggest policy-makers interested in reproductive timing in such contexts should be alerted to the practical applications of this cooperative breeding framework. The presence or absence of a supportive kin network could help explain why some women begin their reproductive careers “too early” or “too late.”
Are humans cooperative breeders?: Most studies of natural fertility populations do not support the grandmother hypothesis
Authors: Strassmann Beverly I. , Kurapati Nikhil T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn discussing the effects of grandparents on child survival in natural fertility populations, Coall & Hertwig (C&H) rely extensively on the review by Sear and Mace (2008). We conducted a more detailed summary of the same literature and found that the evidence in favor of beneficial associations between grandparenting and child survival is generally weak or absent. The present state of the data on human alloparenting supports a more restricted use of the term “cooperative breeding.” Human stem family situations with celibate helpers-at-the-nest can be described as cooperatively breeding, but the term is a poor fit to many human family systems.
Toward an integrative framework of grandparental investment
Authors: Coall David A. , Hertwig Ralph 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis response outlines more reasons why we need the integrative framework of grandparental investments and intergenerational transfers that we advocated in the target article. We discusses obstacles – from misconceptions to poor measures – that stand in the way of such a framework and of a better understanding of the effects of grandparenting in the developed world. We highlight new research directions that have emerged from the commentaries, and we end by discussing some of the things in our target article about which we may have been wrong.
The Teacher as Mother or Midwife? A Comparison of Brahmanical and Socratic Methods of Education
Authors: Wharton Kate 
Published: April 2010

Socrates famously compares himself to a midwife in Plato'sTheaetetus. Much less well known is the developed metaphor of pregnancy at the centre of the initiation ritual that begins Brahmanical education. In this ritual, calledUpanayana, the teacher is presented as becoming pregnant with the student. TheArthavavedastates:The teacher leads the student towards himself, makes him an embryo within; he bears him in his belly three nights.
Visualization of the Orai1 Homodimer and the Functional Coupling of Orai1-STIM1 by Live-Cell Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Authors: Huang Ping-Chun , Chiu Tai-Yu , Wang Li-Chun , Teng Hsiao-Chuan , Kao Fu-Jen , Yang De-Ming 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Orai1-STIM1 constructed store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) have been found to exert several essential Ca2+ entry/signaling cascades, e.g., the generation of immune response in T lymphocytes. Although biochemical and novel imaging evidence appear to indicate that Orai1 and STIM1 interact with each other to achieve store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), the detailed mechanism of functional SOCE in situ has yet to be fully understood. In this study, green fluorescence protein (EGFP as donor) targeted to either the N- or C-terminal of Orai1 (wild type or ▵1-90+▵267-301 double deletion type) and mOrange (as acceptor) tagged STIM1 were used to comprise a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair within living PC12 cells. The fluorescence lifetime map and histogram/distribution of each single cell, determined by one-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), was used to visualize FRET and show the Orai1 homodimer and Orai1-STIM1 binding. Both the color-coded lifetime map and the distribution of EGFP-tagged Orai1 significantly changed after the administration of thapsigargin, the SOCE stimulating agent. The FRET efficiency from each experimental set was also calculated and compared using double exponential analysis. In summary, we show the detailed interactions Orai1-Orai1 and Orai1-STIM1 within intact living cells by using the FLIM-FRET technique.
Defect and Interfacial Structure of Heteroepitaxial Fe3O4/BaTiO3 Bilayers
Authors: Xie Sujing , Sterbinsky George E. , Wessels Bruce W. , Dravid Vinayak P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe defect and interfacial structure in a Fe3O4/BaTiO3 heteroepitaxial bilayer was investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the Fe3O4 film grew epitaxially on BaTiO3. The orientation relationship between Fe3O4, BaTiO3 and MgO is [100]Fe3O4//[100]BaTi3O//[100]MgO and (010)Fe3O4//(010)BaTiO3//(010)MgO. An initial interfacial nucleation layer was formed that partially accommodated the lattice mismatch strain between BaTiO3 and MgO. This investigation indicates that the formation of this buffer layer provides a high-quality BaTiO3 surface for subsequent Fe3O4 growth, resulting in a semicoherent interface. The Fe3O4 surface is nearly atomically abrupt (roughness Rrms = 0.78 nm). The Fe3O4 film exhibits magnetic domains with a diameter in the range of 0.4–2 μm.
Three-dimensional structure of recombinant type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
Authors: Wolfram Francis , Morris Edward , Taylor Colin W. 
Published: April 2010

IP3Rs (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors) are the intracellular channels that mediate release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum in response to the many stimuli that evoke Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation. We characterized and purified type 1 IP3R heterologously expressed in Sf9 insect cells, and used the purified IP3R1 to determine its three-dimensional structure by electron microscopy and single-particle analysis. Recombinant IP3R1 has 4-fold symmetry with overall dimensions of approx. 19.5 nm×19.5 nm×17.5 nm. It comprises a small domain, which is likely to include the pore, linked by slender bridges to a large cytoplasmic domain with four petal-like regions. Our structures of recombinant IP3R1 and native cerebellar IP3R have similar appearances and dimensions. The only notable difference is the absence of a central stigma-like domain from the cytoplasmic region of recombinant IP3R1. The first structure of a recombinant IP3R is an important step towards developing three-dimensional structures of IP3R that better contribute to our understanding of the structural basis of IP3R activation.
AAC Use by Young Children at Home
Authors: Hidecker Mary Jo Cooley 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This study describes AAC availability and use in 55 young children in the United States.
The children, aged 15 to 75 months, had not yet started kindergarten, had used their latest AAC system for 6 to 24 months, and had a variety of developmental disorders resulting in a severe communication disorder. The primary caregivers, all mothers, completed an 81-question case history about demographics, child's age at diagnosis and AAC receipt, and current AAC availability and use at home. They reported that the children waited an average of 6 months between a diagnosis and acquisition of their first AAC system. Forty children (73%) had received a different AAC system since acquiring their first AAC system. Most had multimodal AAC systems, which included both aided and unaided components, although 11 had used only the unaided AAC system of sign language. More than half of the AAC systems included voice output components. Sign language was the most frequently used AAC within the children's homes. The primary caregivers reported satisfaction with their children's AAC systems. Additional research is needed to describe current AAC practices with young children. These practices should then be evaluated for their effectiveness on both short- and long-term outcomes.
Impacts of Ethanol on Planted Acreage in Market Equilibrium
Authors: Feng Hongli , Babcock Bruce A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe magnitude of land conversion caused by biofuels expansion largely determines whether biofuels reduce net greenhouse gas emissions. To examine this issue, we model how equilibrium changes in input use and land allocation decisions respond to market‐ and policy‐induced increases in corn ethanol demand. We demonstrate why total cropland area unambiguously increases with increased ethanol demand. The impact of ethanol price subsidies and consumption mandates are examined in the context of technical change. If ethanol demand is elastic enough, an exogenous increase in corn yields leads to cropland expansion with price subsidies. Yield increases under consumption mandates reduce land use.
Should Farmers Follow the Recommendations of Market Advisory Services? A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach to Estimation of Expected Performance
Authors: Cabrini Silvina M. , Irwin Scott H. , Good Darrel L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA Bayesian hierarchical approach is employed to estimate individual expected performance of agricultural market advisory services. Skeptical beliefs based on market efficiency are incorporated as prior information. For a skeptical decision maker who is willing to follow an advisory program only if it is expected to increase price received by more than 1%, one of the corn programs, most of the soybean programs, and a few wheat programs may be valuable marketing alternatives. The expectation under this model from following the single top‐ranked program are price increases of 1%, 4%, and 3% for corn, soybeans, and wheat, respectively.