bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Baseline Renal Function on the Efficacy and Safety of Aliskiren Added to Losartan in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy
Authors: Persson Frederik , Lewis Julia B. , Lewis Edmund J. , Rossing Peter , Hollenberg Norman K. , Parving Hans-Henrik ,   for the AVOID Study Investigators
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Proteinuric diabetic patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are at high risk of renal and cardiovascular disease progression and treatment-related adverse events. This post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of aliskiren added to the maximal recommended dose of losartan according to baseline estimated GFR (eGFR) (stage 1–3 chronic kidney disease [CKD]).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the Aliskiren in the Evaluation of Proteinuria in Diabetes (AVOID) study, 599 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy received 6 months of aliskiren (150 mg daily titrated to 300 mg daily after 3 months) or placebo added to 100 mg losartan and optimal antihypertensive therapy. Exclusion criteria included eGFR &lt;30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and serum potassium &gt;5.1 mmol/l.

RESULTS
Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups in all CKD stages. The antiproteinuric effects of aliskiren were consistent across CKD stages (19, 22, and 18% reduction). In the stage 3 CKD group, baseline serum creatinine levels were equal, but renal dysfunction, prespecified as a postrandomization serum creatinine elevation &gt;176.8 μmol/l (2.0 mg/dl) occurred more frequently in the placebo group (29.2 vs. 13.6%, P = 0.032). Serum potassium elevations &gt;5.5 mmol/l (based on a single measurement) were more frequent with aliskiren (22.5 vs. 13.6%) in stage 3 CKD. Adverse event rates were similar between treatments, irrespective of CKD stage.

CONCLUSIONS
Aliskiren added to losartan reduced albuminuria and renal dysfunction and was well tolerated, except for hyperkalemia (stage 3), independent of baseline CKD stage in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and nephropathy.
Pain Response Classification Does Not Predict Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Low Back Pain Who Are Sick-Listed
Authors: Christiansen David , Larsen Kristian , Jensen Ole Kudsk , Nielsen Claus Vinther 
Published: August 2010

Study Design Prospective cohort study nested in a randomized clinical trial. Objective To investigate the prognostic value of pain response classification at initial physiotherapy examination in patients with low back pain (LBP) who are sick-listed. Background Recurrent and chronic LBP accounts for a substantial proportion of all absence from work. In predicting outcome in patients with LBP, psychosocial factors are thought to play an important role, while findings from clinical examination seem to be of more limited value. Mechanical evaluation, using repeated end range spinal movements that result in specific pain responses, has been shown to be of some value. Methods The study included 351 patients sick-listed because of LBP with or without sciatica. Prior to clinical examination, the patients completed a comprehensive questionnaire including questions on pain, function, and psychosocial factors. The physiotherapy examination included a standardized mechanical evaluation. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to their pain response: centralization, peripheralization, or no response. Outcomes were obtained by national register data, medical records, and a postal questionnaire at 1 year. Results At 1-year follow-up, 65% of the patients had returned to work. All pain response groups showed significant and clinically important improvements in both pain and disability. No significant differences were found between pain response groups in any outcome measure. Results remained unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion The prognostic value of pain response classification seems limited in patients sick-listed from work because of LBP. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(10):606–615. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3388
How Can Movement Quality Be Promoted in Clinical Practice? A Phenomenological Study of Physical Therapist Experts
Authors: Skjaerven Liv Helvik , Kristoffersen Kjell , Gard Gunvor 
Published: August 2010

Background
In recent years, physical therapists have paid greater attention to body awareness. Clinicians have witnessed the benefits of supporting their patients' learning of movement awareness through the promotion of their movement quality.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate how physical therapist experts promote movement quality in their usual clinical settings.

Design
A phenomenological research design that included a sampling strategy was devised. Using specific criteria, 6 lead physical therapists nominated a group of physical therapist experts from the fields of neurology, primary health care, and mental health. Fifteen informants, 5 from each field, agreed to participate.

Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with a semistructured interview guide. The informants were invited to simply describe what they had experienced to be successful therapeutic processes for promoting movement quality. Each interview was audiotaped and transcribed. The data analysis was based on a multistep model.

Results
Three main themes emerged from the data. First, the physical therapists' embodied presence and movement awareness served as a precondition and an orientation for practice. Embodied presence is a bodily felt sense, a form of personal knowing that evokes understanding and fosters meaning. Second, creating a platform for promoting movement quality revealed implementation of psychological attitudes. Third, action strategies for promoting movement quality suggested a movement awareness learning cycle and components for clinical use.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated specific attitudes and skills used by physical therapist experts to promote movement quality in their clinical practice. These results may serve as a therapeutic framework for promoting movement quality in clinical physical therapy, although further research is needed.
Nationwide Acute Care Physical Therapist Practice Analysis Identifies Knowledge, Skills, and Behaviors That Reflect Acute Care Practice
Authors: Gorman Sharon L. , Wruble Hakim Ellen , Johnson Wendy , Bose Sujoy , Harris Katherine S. , Crist Molly H. , Holtgrefe Karen , Ryan Jennifer M. , Simpson Michael S. , Bryan Coe Jean 
Published: August 2010

Background
Acute care physical therapy is a rapidly evolving practice area, but little is known about the skills, knowledge, and behaviors necessary for a clinician to be most effective in this area.

Objective
The objective of this study was to perform the first nationwide survey of acute care physical therapists to validate the knowledge, skill, and behavior sets that reflect practice parameters specific for acute care physical therapy.

Design
A survey format was used.

Methods
The Acute Care Physical Therapy Practice Analysis Survey was created on the basis of current literature and consensus of a 9-member Subject Matter Expert (SME) Group. The survey sections addressed knowledge areas, professional behaviors, and patient/client management approaches reflecting practice parameters specific for acute care physical therapy. Additionally, respondent demographic information was collected. Pilot testing necessitated minor changes in the survey. After revision, the survey questionnaire was sent to a sample of experienced acute care physical therapists throughout the United States.

Results
A convenience sample of 522 physical therapists who identified themselves as having extensive experience in acute care practice was used. Of these, 254 completed the survey, for a response rate of 48.7%. Through the use of predetermined decision rules, 34 items were eliminated on the basis of a descriptive analysis of survey results as well as a failure of the items to meet the threshold of specificity for acute care practice, as determined through SME Group consensus.

Limitations
The potential for self-selection bias, a sample weighted heavily with American Physical Therapy Association members and Acute Care Section members, and a small proportion of clinicians (&lt;3%) with less than 1 year of acute care experience may limit generalizability of these results.

Conclusions
The results of this practice analysis describe distinct knowledge, skills, and behaviors specific for acute care physical therapy. The outcomes of the survey might assist in the development of professional (entry-level) acute care competencies, a petition for the recognition of specialization in acute care physical therapy, or both. In addition, the findings of this practice analysis could serve as the foundation for the development of residencies or fellowships in acute care practice.
Intervention Goals Determine Physical Therapists' Workload in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Grill Eva , Huber Erika O. , Gloor-Juzi Thomas , Stucki Gerold 
Published: August 2010

BackgroundInvestigating determinants of physical therapy workload in the acute care setting is essential for planning interventions, for justifying resource allocation, and for reimbursement.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine whether International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) intervention goals (ICF categories representing goals of physical therapy interventions typical for an acute care hospital) could predict physical therapy workload in the acute care hospital setting.DesignThis investigation was a multicenter, observational cohort study.MethodsPatients were recruited from a representative sample of 32 acute care hospitals across Switzerland if they received physical therapy during their inpatient stay for the treatment of any injury or disease in 1 of 3 main diagnostic categories: musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiopulmonary conditions. Physical therapists completed questionnaires at the time of the patients' discharge to report on ICF intervention goals. Information on workload was collected retrospectively from hospital documentation systems. Multivariable regression models were used to identify the intervention goals independently associated with workload.ResultsThe mean workload for 642 patients (mean age=61 years [SD=18 years], 45% women) was 370 minutes. The daily workload for interventions ranged from 33 minutes (cardiopulmonary conditions) to 49 minutes (neurological conditions). There were significant variations in workload across hospital sites and medical disciplines. The goal “maintaining a body position” emerged as a significant indicator of a higher workload for all condition groups; the goals “attention functions” and “transferring oneself” were indicators for neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, respectively.LimitationsNot all potential predictors of workload could be examined. Other, person- or setting-specific variables might have been relevant to workload. Case mix and clinical practice were representative only for Swiss hospitals.ConclusionsA small set of intervention goals were the major factors influencing physical therapy workload, independent of diagnosis or clinical specialty. Describing variability in physical therapists' practices in the acute care setting and relating these data to relevant patient-centered outcomes are the initial steps for improving resource allocation and reimbursement for interventions that maintain or improve functioning.
Youth and Religiosity in Hungary, 2000-2008
Authors: Rosta Gergely 
Published: August 2010

This essay analyses the changing religiosity of the Hungarian youth population between the ages of 15 and 29 after the millennium. The basis for this empirical investigation is provided by the three waves (2000, 2004, 2008) of the National Youth Study. From their results, a similar picture emerges on the religiosity of the youth as from other nation-wide surveys, in relation to the whole adult population. Since the first Youth Study a slow but steady decline has been witnessed in different dimensions of religiosity (practice, faith, self-classification). It is especially salient for institutionalised religiosity. At the same time, the vast majority of the Hungarian youth confess to believing in some kind of supernatural instance, though not necessarily a traditional Christian one.The socio-demographical background to the differences in religiosity can be partly explained by the secularisation theory, but the effects of an expanded religious education are present too. In contrast to the secularisation thesis, however, the transmission of traditional religious conviction is much more likely in families with better educational backgrounds than other parts of the society, a phenomenon which points to a more and more elite type of church religiosity in Hungary.
Refeeding Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Alam ABM Shahidul , Karim ASM Bazlul , Sadat S Anwar 
Published: August 2010

Refeeding syndrome (RS) was first described among prisoners of far east after the second world war. Eating again after a long period of prolonged starvation seems to precipitate cardiac failure. It develops in malnourished patient who receives nutritional support after a long period of inadequate intake. It usually develops within four days of initiation of dietary therapy. Although no consensus definition exists, refeeding syndrome can be defined as the consequences of severe fluid and electrolyte shifts in malnourished patient when they are refed. It can develop after oral, enteral (through a tube) or parenteral (Intravenous) nutritional therapy. Phosphate plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various manifestations of refeeding syndrome. The biochemical hall mark of refeeding syndrome is hypophosphataemia. DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i1.5672Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(1): 27-30
Juvenile Dermatomyositis: An Update
Authors: Begum Tamanna , Rahman Shahana A 
Published: August 2010

Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIM) are rare conditions which are probably autoimmune in nature. Childhood myositis is relatively more homogeneous than adult myositis. Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common paediatric inflammatory myopathy. It is a systemic vasculopathy with characteristic cutaneous findings and focal areas of myositis resulting in progressive proximal muscle weakness. Other paediatric inflammatory myopathies are: fewer cases of polymyositis, amyopathic dermatomyositis, overlap myositis and inclusion body myositis.JDM is a multi-system disease of uncertain aetiology that results in non-suppurative inflammation of striated muscles and skin. It differs from the adult form of dermatomyositis by much higher incidence of vasculitis, often with intimal proliferation of small blood vessels, thrombosis, and sometimes infarction, which can involve gastrointestinal tract and myocardium as well. Early in the course it is characterized by immune complex vasculitis of varying severity and later by development of calcinosis. DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i2.5684 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(2): 59-65
Contact Angle Analysis During the Electro‐oxidation of Self‐Assembled Monolayers Formed by n‐Octadecyltrichlorosilane
Authors: Herzer Nicole , van Schaik Jurriaan H. K. , Hoeppener Stephanie , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation process of self‐assembled monolayers formed by n‐octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) molecules on silicon wafers has been studied in a droplet of water by means of in situ water contact angle measurements. The application of different bias voltages between the substrate and a counter electrode placed into the droplet resulted in changes of the chemical nature of the monolayer, which yielded a significant alteration of the surfaces properties. Due to the changes of the wetting properties of the monolayer during the electro‐oxidation process a change in the contact angles of the water droplet is concomitantly observed. This allows the in situ monitoring of the electro‐oxidation process for large modified areas of several millimeters in diameter. The chosen approach represents an easy way to screen the major parameters that influence the oxidation process. Afterwards, the oxidized regions are characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigations to obtain more information about the electro‐oxidation process. The observations are correlated to experimental results obtained for oxidations performed on a smaller dimension range in the water meniscus of a conductive, biased AFM tip. A good correlation of the results in the different dimension ranges could be found.
Nanostructure and Optoelectronic Characterization of Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells by Photoconductive Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Dang Xuan‐Dung , Tamayo Arnold B. , Seo Junghwa , Hoven Corey V. , Walker Bright , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPhotoconductive atomic force microscopy is employed to study the nano­scale morphology and optoelectronic properties of bulk heterojunction solar cells based on small molecules containing a benzofuran substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core (3,6‐bis(5‐(benzofuran‐2‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione, DPP(TBFu)2, and [6,6]–phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), which were recently reported to have power conversion efficiencies of 4.4%. Electron and hole collection networks are visualized for blends with different donor:acceptor ratios. Formation of nanostructures in the blends leads to a higher interfacial area for charge dissociation, while maintaining bicontinuous collection networks; conditions that lead to the high efficiency observed in the devices. An excellent agreement between nanoscale and bulk open‐circuit voltage measurements is achieved by surface modification of the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate by using aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The local open‐circuit voltage is linearly dependent on the cathode work function. These results demonstrate that photoconductive atomic force microscopy coupled with surface modification of ITO substrate can be used to study nanoscale optoelectronic phenomena of organic solar cells.
Microfluidics in Inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Abou‐Hassan Ali , Sandre Olivier , Cabuil Valérie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe application of microfluidics in chemistry has gained significant importance in the recent years. Miniaturized chemistry platforms provide controlled fluid transport, rapid chemical reactions, and cost‐saving advantages over conventional reactors. The advantages of microfluidics have been clearly established in the field of analytical and bioanalytical sciences and in the field of organic synthesis. It is less true in the field of inorganic chemistry and materials science; however in inorganic chemistry it has mostly been used for the separation and selective extraction of metal ions. Microfluidics has been used in materials science mainly for the improvement of nanoparticle synthesis, namely metal, metal oxide, and semiconductor nanoparticles. Microfluidic devices can also be used for the formulation of more advanced and sophisticated inorganic materials or hybrids.
Phase behaviour of manganese‐doped biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics synthesized via sol‐gel method
Authors: Nawawi Natasha Ahmad , Sopyan Iis , Ramesh Singh , Afzeri  
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTManganese‐doped biphasic calcium phosphate (Mn‐doped BCP) powders have been synthesized via sol‐gel technique. The Mn‐doped BCP powders were studied for their phase behaviour at different concentrations of Mn (0, 0.01, 2, 5 and 15 mol%) and calcination temperatures (500–1200 °C). For all the Mn concentrations, the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that only hydroxyapatite (HA) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) phases were present. It was shown that the HA crystallinity increased with increase in Mn content. Moreover, the weight loss at 700–850 °C detected by thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the presence of biphasic mixtures in the BCP powders. The study on effect of calcination temperature was done on the pure BCP and 5 mol% Mn‐BCP powder. The XRD revealed that the decomposition of HA to TCP took place at the temperature range of 700–800 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and XRD measurements found that HA peaks increased with the increasing Mn content and temperature. This was also accompanied by the enlarging particles at higher calcination temperatures and Mn contents due to fusion of agglomerated particles. These findings have led to the conclusion that Mn has acted as a calcination additive for the BCP powder. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Invited reviewligation—Desulfurization: A powerful combination in the synthesis of peptides and glycopeptides
Authors: Rohde Heike , Seitz Oliver 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe native chemical ligation enables the chemoselective coupling of two unprotected protein segments. In the initial format of this reaction, the side chain of N‐terminal cysteine residues serves to capture a peptide thioester. The N‐terminus of the cysteinyl peptide is involved in a subsequent intramolecular aminolysis reaction, upon which the “native” peptide bond is established. Considerable efforts have been invested to remove the restriction to cysteine‐containing ligation sites. In this review, we focus on the combination of two chemoselective reactions, native chemical ligation, and desulfurization, which has extended the repertoire of accessible ligation junctions. Based on this two‐step approach, native alanine‐containing peptides are accessible through postligation desulfurization of cysteine‐ligation products. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in the development of new thiolated building blocks that serve as precursors to other amino acids. Ligations at phenylalanine can be accomplished by means of a β‐mercaptophenylalanine building block and subsequent desulfurization. The building blocks β‐mercaptovaline (penicillamine) and γ‐mercaptovaline provide access to hydrophobic ligation sites (Xaa‐Val). Lysine has been equipped with a δ‐ and γ‐mercapto groups, which enables ligations at both the α‐ and the ε‐amino group. This review also describes the recent improvements of desulfurization chemistry, which have widened the scope of the ligation−desulfurization approach and offer a promising alternative for the synthesis of Cys‐free peptides and glycopeptides. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 551–559, 2010.
Intramuscularly administered peptide A3‐APO is effective against carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in mouse models of systemic infections
Authors: Ostorhazi Eszter , Rozgonyi Ferenc , Szabo Dora , Binas Annegret , Cassone Marco , Wade John D. , Nolte Oliver , Bethel Christopher R. , Bonomo Robert A. , Otvos Laszlo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMost antibacterial peptides exhibit low therapeutic indices in vivo. Peptide A3‐APO was shown to exhibit high potency against Escherichia coli bacteremia when added intraperitoneally. To extend the studies to systemic infections against multidrug‐resistant organisms, we studied the efficacy of A3‐APO in mouse models of carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection. When administered either intravenously at 2.5 mg/kg or intramuscularly (im) at 5 mg/kg twice or three times to mice infected with a carbapenem‐resistant A. baumannii strain, peptide A3‐APO reduced the bacterial counts by at least two log10 units and increased the survival rate compared with untreated animals or mice treated with 40 mg/kg imipenem. Unlike after intraperitoneal or intravenous administration, A3‐APO did not show toxic effects at 60 mg/kg dose im. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 126–129, 2011.