bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of lymphatic vessels in human dental pulp: a morphological study
Authors: Gerli Renato , Secciani Ilaria , Sozio Francesca , Rossi Antonella , Weber Elisabetta , Lorenzini Guido 
Published: March 2010

Gerli R, Secciani I, Sozio F, Rossi A, Weber E, Lorenzini G. Absence of lymphatic vessels in human dental pulp: a morphological study. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 110–117. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Few and controversial data are available in the literature regarding the presence of lymphatic vessels in the human dental pulp. The present study was designed to examine morphologically the existence of a lymph drainage system in human dental pulp. Human dental pulp and skin sections were immunohistochemically stained with specific antibodies for lymphatic endothelium (D2‐40, LYVE‐1, VEGFR‐3 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐3], and Prox‐1), with the pan‐endothelial markers CD31 and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and with the blood‐specific marker CD34. Several blood vessels were identified in human pulps and skin. Lymphatic vessels were found in all human skin samples but in none of the pulps examined. Western blotting performed on human dermis and on pulps treated with collagenase (to remove odontoblasts) confirmed these results. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that vessels which, by light microscopy, appeared to be initial lymphatic vessels had no anchoring filaments or discontinuous basement membrane, both of which are typical ultrastructural characteristics of lymphatic vessels. These results suggest that under normal conditions human dental pulp does not contain true lymphatic vessels. The various theories about dental pulp interstitial fluid circulation should be revised accordingly.
Expression of the T‐cell‐specific adapter protein in oral epithelium
Authors: Kolltveit Kristin M. , Schreurs Olav , Østrem Janet , Søland Tine M. , Khuu Cuong , Berge Tone , Messelt Edward , Hayashi Katsuhiko , Granum Stine , Spurkland Anne , Schenck Karl 
Published: March 2010

Kolltveit KM, Schreurs O, Østrem J, Søland TM, Khuu C, Berge T, Messelt E, Hayashi K, Granum S, Spurkland A, Schenck K. Expression of the T‐cell‐specific adapter protein in oral epithelium. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 159–167. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The multifunctional T‐cell‐specific adapter protein (TSAd) was originally described in T cells but is also expressed in epithelial cells from the respiratory tract and in endothelium. In this study, we found expression of TSAd messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in both human and murine oral mucosal epithelium as well as in human primary oral keratinocyte cell cultures. In TSAd−/− mice, the mucosa and skin appeared macroscopically normal, but severe disturbances were observed in the fine structures of the basal membrane and intercellular epithelial spaces upon analysis using transmission electron microscopy. Oral epithelial cells from TSAd−/− mice displayed decreased migration compared with cells from wild‐type mice, whereas overexpression of TSAd in a human epithelial cell line resulted in impaired proliferation. This study is the first to show that TSAd is expressed in normal oral mucosa, that it is important for the normal ultrastructural morphology of the epithelium and the basal membrane, and that it is involved in the migration and proliferation of oral keratinocytes.
Gene expression and dental enamel structure in developing mouse incisor
Authors: Sehic Amer , Risnes Steinar , Khan Qalb‐E‐Saleem , Khuu Cuong , Osmundsen Harald 
Published: March 2010

Sehic A, Risnes S, Khan Q‐E‐S, Khuu C, Osmundsen H. Gene expression and dental enamel structure in developing mouse incisor. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 118–130. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci At the mouse incisor tip the initially differentiated ameloblasts produce a thin, prism‐free enamel, while further apically, in the immediate adjacent segment, the enamel thickness increases and the four‐layered enamel of mouse incisor is formed. Comparative gene‐expression profiling was carried out on RNA isolated from these two segments of incisor tooth germs at embryonic day (E)17.5 and at postnatal days (P)0, 1, 2, and 10 using microarrays to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) species present in the segments. Validation of expression data was achieved using real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and western blotting. Bioinformatic data suggested enhanced cellular apoptosis in the incisal tip segment, which, together with diminished expression of the Amelx and Enam genes, may contribute to the production of the thin enamel seen in this tooth segment. For genes exhibiting higher levels of expression in the adjacent segment where complex enamel is being formed, bioinformatic analysis suggested significant associations with cellular functions involving the actin cytoskeleton, cellular development, morphology, and movement. This is suggested to reflect that ameloblasts with Tomes’ process are being organized in transverse rows, facilitating the transverse movement that results in prism decussation in the inner enamel of the adjacent segment. Bioinformatic analysis of miRNA expression data lends support to these suggestions.
Energy transfer, volumetric expansion, and removal of oral biofilms by non‐contact brushing
Authors: Busscher H. J. , Jager D. , Finger G. , Schaefer N. , Van Der Mei H. C. 
Published: March 2010

Busscher HJ, Jager D, Finger G, Schaefer N, van der Mei HC. Energy transfer, volumetric expansion, and removal of oral biofilms by non‐contact brushing. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 177–182. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Non‐contact removal of oral biofilms offers advantages beyond the reach of bristles, but it is unknown how energy transfer for removal from brush‐to‐biofilm occurs. In the present study we evaluated non‐contact, oral biofilm removal by oscillating‐rotating and sonic toothbrushes, and their acoustic output up to 6 mm distance. Whereas some brushes removed biofilm when used at a distance of up to 6 mm, others lost efficacy at a distance of 2–4 mm from the biofilm. Loss of efficacy was accompanied with high standard deviations and volumetric biofilm expansion. Both sonic and oscillating‐rotating brushes caused fluid flows and the inclusion of air‐bubbles, while non‐contact acoustic energy‐transfer was demonstrated to decay with distance for both types of brushes. We put forward the following mechanism for non‐contact removal: (i) brush energy is absorbed by biofilm, resulting in the visco‐elastic expansion of the biofilm; (ii) if the energy absorbed is sufficient and deformation is beyond the yield point, biofilm removal occurs; and (iii) if deformation is in the plastic range but below the yield point (i.e. at the limiting distance for non‐contact removal), biofilm is expanded but not removed.
Tuberculosis of the oral cavity: a systematic review
Authors: Kakisi Ourania K. , Kechagia Argiro S. , Kakisis Ioannis K. , Rafailidis Petros I. , Falagas Matthew E. 
Published: March 2010

Kakisi OK, Kechagia AS, Kakisis IK, Rafailidis PI, Falagas ME. Tuberculosis of the oral cavity: a systematic review. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 103–109. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The recent increase in the incidence of tuberculosis, combined with an emerging global resistance to antituberculous drugs, warrants an increased awareness of the involvement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in persistent or atypical lesions in the oral cavity. We sought to review the published reports of mycobacterial infection of the oral cavity found in the literature in otherwise uncompromised patients, from 1950 to the present day, and analyzed the documented manifestations. M. tuberculosis infects all parts of the mouth (soft and hard palate, uvula, buccal mucosa, gingivae, lips, tongue, maxilla, and mandible) more often in men than in women, appearing predominantly in the form of ulcerative lesions. It was found as a secondary infection in 58% (54% pulmonary, 4% extrapulmonary) of patients and as a primary infection in 42% of patients. Carcinomas are found to co‐exist in the same lesion site in 3% of patients. In approximately 50% of patients, an oral manifestation of TB has led to the diagnosis of a previously unknown systemic infection, which resulted in a timely and effective treatment. The investigation for tuberculosis should therefore be actively pursued in the dental surgery. Diagnostic work‐up for systemic involvement and control of healthcare‐associated spread is important, while therapeutic options are still considered adequate.
REVIEW ARTICLE: Regulatory T Cells and Their Role in Pregnancy
Authors: Leber Anne , Teles Ana , Zenclussen Ana C. 
Published: March 2010

Citation Leber A, Teles A, Zenclussen AC. Regulatory T cells and their role in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010Regulatory T cells emerge in the last years as key players in allowing fetal survival within the maternal uterus. They were shown to be a unique subpopulation of T cells expanding during human and murine pregnancy. The importance of Treg for a normal pregnancy situation was proven by studies showing that their absence impairs murine pregnancy while the adoptive transfer of Treg prevents fetal rejection. In humans, pregnancy pathologies are associated with lower Treg frequencies while therapies that improve pregnancy outcome are able to boost their number. Functional studies have shown that Treg can regulate immune cell responses directly at the fetal–maternal interface either by interacting with other cells or by inducing the expression of immune regulatory molecules. This article revises relevant literature on regulatory T cells in human and murine pregnancy.
Has number of previous episodes any effect on response to group psychoeducation in bipolar patients? A 5-year follow-up post hoc analysis
Authors: Colom Francesc , Reinares María , Pacchiarotti Isabella , Popovic Dina , Mazzarini Lorenzo , Martínez-Arán Anabel , Torrent Carla , Rosa Adriane , Palomino-Otiniano Rosario , Franco Carolina , Bonnin Caterina M. , Vieta Eduard 
Published: March 2010

Colom F, Reinares M, Pacchiarotti I, Popovic D, Mazzarini L, Martínez-Arán A, Torrent C, Rosa A, Palomino-Otiniano R, Franco C, Bonnin CM, Vieta E. Has number of previous episodes any effect on response to group psychoeducation in bipolar patients? A 5-year follow-up post hoc analysis.Objective:One of the main utilities of staging in bipolar disorder is enhancing the formulation of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies. Hence, it is essential to ascertain whether the number of previous episodes influences treatment response. Hereby, we present a 5-year post hoc study on the efficacy of group psychoeducation for bipolar disorders according to the number of previous episodes.Methods:For this subanalysis, we have compared the 5-year outcome of 120 euthymic psychoeducated versus non-psychoeducated bipolar patients according to the number of previous episodes at study entry.Results:Patients with more than seven episodes at study entry did not show any significant improvement with psychoeducation according to time to recurrence. Patients with more than 14 episodes did not benefit from psychoeducation in terms of a reduction of time spent ill. Patients with 7 or 8 episodes showed a benefit in terms of fewer days spent in hypomania, depression, mixed episodes or any episodes but not mania, while patients with 9–14 episodes showed a benefit in terms of fewer days spent in hypomania and depression but not in mixed states or mania. Only patients who presented up to 6 episodes showed reduction in time spent in any episode polarity.Conclusion:The number of previous episodes clearly worsens response to psychoeducation, perhaps in a more subtle way than that observed with other psychological therapies. Psychoeducation should be delivered as soon as possible in the illness course, supporting the idea of early intervention.
Emotional vulnerability and cognitive control in patients with bipolar disorder and their healthy siblings: a pilot study
Authors: Houshmand Kathrin , Bräunig Peter , Gauggel Siegfried , Kliesow Katrin , Sarkar Rahul , Krüger Stephanie 
Published: March 2010

Scheuch K, Bräunig P, Gauggel S, Kliesow K, Sarkar R, Krüger S. Emotional vulnerability and cognitive control in patients with bipolar disorder and their healthy siblings: a pilot study.Objective:There is evidence that, even in remission, patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have deficits in cognitive function and emotional regulation. Siblings of patients with BD are also reported to exhibit minor dysfunction in neuropsychological domains. In this study, we examined the interference of acute mood state with reaction time (RT) and response inhibition in euthymic patients with BD, in their healthy siblings and in healthy controls.Methods:A total of 34 patients with bipolar I disorder, 22 healthy siblings and 33 healthy controls performed a stop-signal paradigm after induction of a transient intense sadness and a relaxed mood state. The differences in RT and the response inhibition were compared between the groups.Results:Euthymic patients with BD displayed a higher emotional reactivity compared with their siblings and with controls. Compared with controls, patients with BD showed longer RTs in a relaxed mood state and a delay in response inhibition during emotional activation.Conclusions:The present study provides evidence for the clinical observation that patients with BD have shorter RTs when in a state of emotional arousal rather than in a relaxed state. Inhibitory deficits in these patients may be because of a too strong emotional arousal. The results show that in patients with BD, relaxation and emotional arousal are inversely associated with performance in a neuropsychological task. This is in contrast to findings in healthy individuals suggesting a dysbalance in emotional regulation in these patients.
Bipolar disorder and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with higher rates of anxiety and impulse control disorders
Authors: Issler Cilly Klüger , Monkul Emel Serap , Amaral José Antonio de Mello Siqueira , Tamada Renata Sayuri , Shavitt Roseli Gedanke , Miguel Eurípedes C. , Lafer Beny 
Published: March 2010

Issler CK, Monkul ES, Amaral JAMS, Tamada RS, Shavitt RG, Miguel EC, Lafer B. Bipolar disorder and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with higher rates of anxiety and impulse control disorders.Objective:Although bipolar disorder (BD) with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is highly prevalent, few controlled studies have assessed this comorbidity. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and expression of comorbid disorders in female BD patients with OCD.Method:We assessed clinically stable female outpatients with BD: 15 with comorbid OCD (BD+OCD group) and 15 without (BD/no-OCD group). All were submitted to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, with additional modules for the diagnosis of kleptomania, trichotillomania, pathological gambling, onychophagia and skin picking.Results:The BD+OCD patients presented more chronic episodes, residual symptoms and previous depressive episodes than the BD/no-OCD patients. Of the BD+OCD patients, 86% had a history of treatment-emergent mania, compared with only 40% of the BD/no-OCD patients. The following were more prevalent in the BD+OCD patients than the BD/no-OCD patients: any anxiety disorder other than OCD; impulse control disorders; eating disorders; and tic disorders.Conclusion:Female BD patients with OCD may represent a more severe form of disorder than those without OCD, having more depressive episodes and residual symptoms, and being at a higher risk for treatment-emergent mania, as well as presenting a greater anxiety and impulse control disorder burden.
Medication in elderly people: its influence on salivary pattern, signs and symptoms of dry mouth
Authors: Leal Soraya Coelho , Bittar Juliana , Portugal Aline , Falcão Denise P. , Faber Jorge , Zanotta Pedro 
Published: March 2010

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00293.x

Medication in elderly people: its influence on salivary pattern, signs and symptoms of dry mouth Objective:  To compare stimulated and non‐stimulated salivary flow, pH, buffering capacity and presence of signs and symptoms of hyposialie and xerostomia in elderly patients, with senile dementia using medication and healthy elderly subjects not using medication.Methods:  Forty individuals (mean age: 68.5 years) were divided into two groups, according to the use (G1) or non‐use (G2) of medication and the presence (G1) or absence (G2) of senile dementia. Data with reference to the general health condition, use of medication and the patient’s complaints were collected during anamnesis. Clinical examination identified signs associated with hyposialie and xerostomia. Stimulated and non‐stimulated saliva flow, pH and buffering capacity were verified.Results:  The stimulated saliva flow in both groups was below normal parameters. The drugs used by individuals in G1 showed xerostomic potential. Individuals with a higher consumption of xerostomic medication presented with dry and cracked lips. A significant negative relationship was found between drugs consumption and the buffering capacity (p < 0.001), and the resting saliva flow rate (p = 0.002).Conclusion:  The use of medication increases the chance that an elderly person may present signs related to xerostomia and alterations in stimulated saliva flow and buffering capacity.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexual Dysfunction in Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Tsai Tzung-Yi , Chen Shu-Yi , Tsai Mei-Huei , Su Yi-Lin , Ho Chih-Ming , Su Hui-Fang 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cervical cancer (CC), compared with other gynecological cancers, has critical implications for women's sexual lives. For most Asian people, the issue of sexual dysfunction (SD) is treated as a taboo especially in a conservative culture. As a result, little is known about the prevalence of SD among CC patients.

Aims
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SD and associated factors among CC patients.

Methods
We used a cross-sectional correlation design with the purposive sampling to recruit 105 CC patients from a hospital in Northern Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was used in this study to collect demographic data, disease characteristics, and information provided by the Chinese version of the Female Sexual Function Index scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression.

Main Outcome Measure
The prevalence of SD and the main predictors for SD were determined.

Results
The crude prevalence and age-standardized prevalence of SD were 66.67% and 55%, respectively. CC patients with a lower level of education (≤9th grade) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–10.37), who were older (AOR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.07–1.25), who had received no sexual-counseling services prior to therapy or later (AOR: 4.98; 95% CI: 2.31–9.71), or were stage II or above (AOR: 4.34; 95% CI: 1.65–19.09) showed a significantly higher risk of SD compared with those without these conditions.

Conclusions
Our findings are beneficial to health-care providers by identifying the prevalence of SD and by pinpointing those groups with a higher predisposition of having SD, which will allow the provision of appropriate rehabilitation.
Post-translational Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) by Estrogens in the Rat Vagina
Authors: Musicki Biljana , Liu Tongyun , Strong Travis D. , Lagoda Gwen A. , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Burnett Arthur L. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Estrogens control vaginal blood flow during female sexual arousal mostly through nitric oxide (NO). Although vascular effects of estrogens are attributed to an increase in endothelial NO production, the mechanisms of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) regulation by estrogens in the vagina are largely unknown.

Aims
Our hypothesis was that estrogens regulate eNOS post-translationally in the vagina, providing a mechanism to affect NO bioavailability without changes in eNOS protein expression.

Methods
We measured eNOS phosphorylation and eNOS interaction with caveolin-1 and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in the distal and proximal vagina of female rats at diestrus, 7 days after ovariectomy and 2 days after replacement of ovariectomized rats with estradiol-17β (15 µg).

Main Outcome Measures
Molecular mechanisms of eNOS regulation by estrogen in the rat vagina.

Results
We localized phospho-eNOS (Ser-1177) immunohistochemically to the endothelium lining blood vessels and vaginal sinusoids. Estrogen withdrawal decreased phosphorylation of eNOS on its positive regulatory site (Ser-1177) and increased eNOS binding to its negative regulator caveolin-1 (without affecting eNOS/HSP90 interaction), and they were both normalized by estradiol replacement. Protein expressions of phosphorylated Akt (protein kinase B) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were not affected by estrogen status, suggesting that the effect of estrogens on eNOS (Ser-1177) phosphorylation was not mediated by activated AKT or ERK1/2. eNOS phosphorylation on its negative regulatory site (Ser-114) was increased in the vagina by estrogen withdrawal and normalized by estradiol replacement, implying that the maintenance of low phosphorylation of eNOS on this site by estradiol may limit eNOS interaction with caveolin-1 and preserve the enzyme’s activity. Total eNOS, inducible NOS, caveolin-1, and HSP90 protein expressions were not affected by ovariectomy or estradiol replacement in the distal or proximal vagina.

Conclusions
These results define novel estrogen signaling mechanisms in the vagina which involve eNOS phosphorylation and eNOS–caveolin-1 interaction.