bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful pregnancy with intracytoplasmic sperm injection after bacterial contamination of embryo culture in in vitro fertilization: a case report
Authors: Berkes-Bara Eva , Nemes Annamaria , Dudas Beata , Joo Kata , Murber Akos , Fekecs Gyorgyi , Urbancsek Janos , Fancsovits Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Bacterial infection of embryo culture medium is rare but may be detrimental. The main source of embryo culture contamination is semen. Assisted reproduction centers currently lack consensus regarding the methods for preventing and managing embryo culture infection. In our recent case, a successful pregnancy was achieved with intracytoplasmic sperm injection after failed conventional in vitro fertilization owing to bacterial contamination.

Case presentation
We present a case report of two consecutive in vitro fertilization–intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles with photo and video documentation of the bacterial growth. A 36-year-old Hungarian woman and her 37-year-old Hungarian partner came to our department. They had two normal births followed by 2 years of infertility. The major causes of infertility were a closed fallopian tube and asthenozoospermia. Bacterial infection of the embryo culture medium was observed during in vitro fertilization and all oocytes degenerated. The source was found to be the semen. To prevent contamination, intracytoplasmic sperm injection was used for fertilization in the subsequent cycle. Intracytoplasmic bacterial proliferation was observed in one of the three fertilized eggs, but two good-quality embryos were successfully obtained. The transfer of one embryo resulted in a successful pregnancy and a healthy newborn was delivered.

Conclusion
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection may be offered to couples who fail conventional in vitro fertilization treatment owing to bacteriospermia, as it seems to prevent infection of the embryo culture. Even if bacterial contamination appears, our case encourages us to continue treatment. Nevertheless, the development of new management guidelines for the prevention and management of bacterial contamination is essential.
The value of dynamic changes in FT3 level for predicting 90-day prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Luxue , Fu Xiaokang , Chen Yu , Duan Zhongping , Tian Geng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
To explore the effect of dynamic changes in free triiodothyronine (FT3) level for predicting the 90 day prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus–related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).

Methods
The clinical data of 122 hospitalised patients with HBV-ACLF between September 2018 and January 2020 were collected and divided into a survival group (77 cases) and a death group (45 cases) according to the 90 day prognosis. We statistically analysed the characteristics of FT3 changes in the two groups of patients. Binary logistic regression one-way analysis was used to assess the degree of influence of each factor. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the effect of a single change in FT3 level difference (single △FT3) and the FT3 level change range (△FT3 range) in predicting the 90-day prognosis of patients.

Results
There were only three types of changes in FT3 levels, which included 19 (15.6%) cases of continuous normal type, 35 (28.7%) cases of continuous decrease type and 68 (55.7%) cases of U-shaped change type. The difference in survival curves between the three types of patients was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The dynamic change type of FT3 is related to the disease severity and 90-day prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF. The single FT3 value and FT3 range could be used as a predictive factor for the 90-day prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF. These results have a degree of research value and are worth further exploration in the future.
Typology, current state and non-destructive testing of timber roof trusses of historic churches in the West Vistula Delta, Poland
Authors: Zybała Tomasz , Zielińska Monika , Rucka Magdalena , Przewłócki Jarosław , Grębowski Karol 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the current state of conservation of historic roof churches located in the Żuławy of Gdańsk (Poland). It also describes the architecture of these temples, the region itself and old carpentry techniques for constructing roof trusses. Interdisciplinary tests were carried out in six churches. The geometry of the load bearing structures, the moisture content and the carpentry technique were specified. The field survey also included visual inspections and non-destructive testing of timber structural elements of the roof constructions. The ground penetrating radar and ultrasonic testing methods were used to assess the structure and extent of the damage to the timber elements. The interdisciplinary research presented in this article is important in the planning of historic buildings conservation works and it might be applied to other timber structures.
Maternal immunoglobulins are distributed in the offspring’s brain to support the maintenance of cortical interneurons in the postnatal period
Authors: Morimoto Keiko , Takahashi Rikuo , Takahashi Goro , Miyajima Michio , Nakajima Kazunori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is known that maternal immunoglobulins (Igs) are transferred to the offspring across the placenta. However, receiving maternal Igs, especially before the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is formed in the offspring’s brain, carries the risk of transferring some brain-reactive Igs. It is thus hypothesized that there may be some unknown benefit to the offspring’s brain that overweighs this risk. In this study, we show that the Ig detected in the embryonic/perinatal mouse brain is IgG not produced by the pups themselves, but is basically transferred from the mother across the placenta using the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) during embryonic stages. The amount of IgG in the brain gradually decreases after birth, and almost disappears within 3 weeks postnatally. IgG is detected on axon bundles, microglia, and some meningeal cells, including border-associated macrophages (BAMs), endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Using Fcer1g knock-out (KO) mice, we show that BAMs and microglia receive maternal IgG in an Fc receptor γ chain (FcRγ)-dependent manner, but IgG on other meningeal cells and axon bundles is received independently of the FcRγ. These results suggest that maternal IgG may be used in multiple ways by different mechanisms. In maternal IgG-deficient mice, the number of interneurons in the cerebral cortex is not altered around birth but is reduced postnatally, suggesting that receipt of maternal IgG is necessary for the maintenance of cortical interneurons in the postnatal period. These data suggest that maternal IgG has an important function in the developing brain, where neither obvious inflammation nor infection is observed.
Bruno Latour
Authors: Stengers Isabelle 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This memorial to Latour is not an appraisal of his fifty-year research career but the report of a traveling companion with a story to share about the apparent lack of continuity, the sudden, unapologetic, unprincipled changes of position, with which he surprised or scandalized his colleagues and readers. In the first place, was he a sociologist, an anthropologist, a philosopher? Though he did not make lasting commitments of that kind, he did make deeper ones that did not change—above all, never to explain anything in terms of something more general and, thus, never to accept the position of judge. To follow Latour's problematic changes—sometimes referred to as his “versatility”—demands that we follow the changes of the very terms of the problems that his basic commitment bound him to confront. From the 1980s, when his work dealt with technoscientific progress, to the years of his growing concern with political ecology, and finally to his recognition of the oncoming climate chaos, dizzying leaps were entailed by his resistance to the temptation of judging. Involved in, but never the cause of, various of his leaps, Stengers describes her friend as responding, perforce, to changing times, rather than as behaving like a theorist thinking mainly of his image, reputation, and career.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FIELD OF ASSESSMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION OF URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION
Authors: Koleber Yuliya А. , Mochalin Sergey М. 
Published: May 2024

The development of the conceptual apparatus in the field of assessing the organization of urban passenger transportation allows us to form objective evaluation mechanisms for further improvement of the work of urban public passenger transport. Today in the presence of a number of problems in the field of transport services for the population of large and largest cities the task of forming a sound assessment system for the organization of urban passenger transportation becomes the most urgent. However for such an assessment different authors use different categories: "effectiveness", "efficiency", and "quality".
There are no works that would allow us to determine the most appropriate category in relation to the functioning of urban public passenger transport. The article conducts a study of these categories, presents their comparative analysis and considers the possibilities of their use to evaluate the operation of the system in question.
Purpose. The main objective of the article is to select a category for evaluating the organization of urban passenger transportation.
Methodology. The method of analysis and the method of systematization of data were used in carrying out the research.
Results. The essence of each of such categories as "effectiveness", "efficiency" and "quality" in relation to the assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation is determined. The interrelationships between the categories and their significant differences are determined. The choice of the category of assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation is justified.
The scope of the results. The results obtained can be guided by scientists and specialists involved in the assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation.
Conclusions. It is recommended when choosing a category for evaluating the organization of urban passenger transportation to reflect its essence, which is defined in this article.
Arnold-Chiari Syndrome – a review
Authors: Pociecha Agnieszka , Kozikowska Marta , Kmak Bożena , Szot Anna , Górska Magdalena , Stuglik Nikola , Hitnarowicz Anna , Janocha Aleksandra , Jerzak Aneta 
Published: May 2024

Arnold Chiari syndrome, also known as Chiari malformation, is a group of deformations of the posterior cranial fossa and hindbrain, consisting in the lowering of the cerebellum or its tonsils towards the occipital foramen. This leads to a reduction in the volume reserve within the foramen magnum, pressure on surrounding structures and obstruction of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The process is most often asymptomatic. Symptoms include headaches, neck pain, but also fainting, sinus bradycardia, coordination disorders and many others. Chiari malformation is often diagnosed incidentally. The basis of diagnosis is the detection of characteristic morphological features in magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical treatment is successfully used among patients with severe Arnold-Chiari syndrome and progression of clinical symptoms.

Materials and methods
Literature included in the PubMed, BioMed Central and Polish Medical Platform databases searched by means of the words such as Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, radiosurgery, stereotactic radiotherapy. Sources quoted in selected works were also used.
Summary
Arnold-Chiari malformation is often discovered incidentally. If the features observed on MRI suggest the above diagnosis, the patient should be referred to a neurologist. After excluding other possible causes of the imaged morphological features and performing a dedicated magnetic resonance imaging examination, the neurosurgeon decides whether to qualify for the procedure. In a selected group of patients, significant improvement can be expected after surgical treatment.
Robust Multiple Stopping—A Duality Approach
Authors: Laeven Roger J. A. , Schoenmakers John G. M. , Schweizer Nikolaus , Stadje Mitja 
Published: May 2024

We develop a method to solve, theoretically and numerically, general optimal stopping problems. Our general setting allows for multiple exercise rights—that is, optimal multiple stopping—for a robust evaluation that accounts for model uncertainty with a dominated family of priors and for general reward processes driven by multidimensional jump-diffusions. Our approach relies on first establishing robust martingale dual representation results for the multiple stopping problem that satisfy appealing almost sure pathwise optimality properties. Next, we exploit these theoretical results to develop upper and lower bounds that, as we formally show, not only converge to the true solution asymptotically, but also constitute genuine prelimiting upper and lower bounds. We illustrate the applicability of our approach in a few examples and analyze the impact of model uncertainty on optimal multiple stopping strategies. Funding: R. J. A. Laeven received financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [Grants NWO-Vidi and NWO-Vici]. J. G. M. Schoenmakers received financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Excellence Cluster Math+ Berlin [Project AA4-2]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2021.0237 .
Night staff fatigue
Authors: Troth Sarah-Louise 
Published: May 2024

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, burnout was reported to be prevalent among healthcare staff ( Lancet, 2019 ). Following the pandemic, there has been an increase in staff wellbeing awareness, and the emotional and physical strains felt by the healthcare workforce have been acknowledged and discussed. Associated fatigue risks increasing this burnout prevalence, especially among healthcare assistants that work at night, who are particularly susceptible to fatigue as a result of the opposing circadian rhythm demands (Geiger-Brown et al, 2019). Aim: This survey aimed to: identify what fatigue management strategies have been utilised among night staff in an acute NHS trust; examine the attitudes towards, and culture surrounding, power naps; identify the prevalence of associated risk for patients and staff wellbeing; and identify current barriers to fatigue management. This article aims to utilise the information gathered to make recommendations for optimising fatigue management among night staff within a hospital environment.
Psychiatric morbidity among patients on treatment for tuberculosis at a tertiary referral hospital in Western Kenya
Authors: Momanyi Robina Kerubo , Kwobah Edith Kamaru , Owiti Philip , Nyamogoba Henry , Atwoli Lukoye 
Published: May 2024

Background
Mental disorders account for nine percent of the overall global burden of disease and are among the top ten leading causes of disability. Mental illness and tuberculosis share risk factors including poverty, overcrowding, stigma, poor nutrition, substance use and retro-viral disease co-infection. Presence of mental illness in tuberculosis delays health-seeking, affects drug adherence, increases cost of treatment, prolongs disease duration, lowers quality of life, and increases mortality. Early diagnosis, linkage, and treatment of psychiatric morbidity among patients with tuberculosis would improve outcomes for both. This study thus aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with psychiatric morbidity among patients on treatment for tuberculosis at a low- middle- income country.

Methods
A cross-sectional study carried out at the tuberculosis clinic at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret, Kenya. 367 participants on TB treatment were interviewed using Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) tool. The key outcome was presence of psychiatric illness. Pearson’s Chi-square and logistic regression were used to assess relationships at bivariate and multivariate level respectively.

Results
Majority of the respondents were male (61.3%) and overall median age was 33 years. About half of participants (48.5%) had at least one psychiatric illness. Common disorders were alcohol use disorder (30.3%), depression (23.4%), substance use disorder (12.8%) and suicidality (8.2%). Odds of ‘any psychiatric illness’ were increased by being male (aOR = 1.92; P = 0.04), being separated or divorced (aOR = 6.86; P = 0.002), using alcohol (aOR = 3.2; P<0.001), having been previously treated for tuberculosis (aOR = 2.76; P = 0.01), having other medical comorbidities (aOR = 4.2; P = 0.004) and family history of mental illness (aOR = 2.4; P = 0.049).

Conclusion
Almost half of the patients on treatment for tuberculosis had at least one psychiatric illness. Introduction of protocols for screening for mental illness and integration of mental health services with tuberculosis care would aid prompt diagnosis, referral, and quality of care.
Vitamin D regulates COVID-19 associated severity by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Khalil Bariaa , Sharif-Askari Narjes Saheb , Hafezi Shirin , Sharif-Askari Fatemeh Saheb , Al Anouti Fatme , Hamid Qutayba , Halwani Rabih 
Published: May 2024

Background
The role of vitamin D3 (VitD3) in modulating innate and adaptive immunity has been reported in different disease contexts. Since the start of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the role of VitD3 has been highlighted in many correlational and observational studies. However, the exact mechanisms of action are not well identified. One of the mechanisms via which VitD3 modulates innate immunity is by regulating the NLRP3-inflammasome pathway, being a main underlying cause of SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation.

Aims and main methods
Blood specimens of severe COVID-19 patients with or without VitD3 treatment were collected during their stay in the intensive care unit and patients were followed up for 29 days. qPCR, western blot, and ELISA were done to investigate the mechanism of action of VitD3 on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Key findings
We here report the ability of VitD3 to downregulate the NLRP3-inflammsome pathway in severe COVID-19 patients. Lower inflammasome pathway activation was observed with significantly lower gene and protein expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, ASC and IL-1β among severe COVID-19 patients treated with VitD3. The reduction of the inflammasome pathway was associated with a reduction in disease severity markers and enhancement of type I IFN pathway.

Significance
Our data reveals an important anti-inflammatory effect of VitD3 during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further investigations are warranted to better characterize the ability of VitD3 to control disease pathogenesis and prevent progression to severe states. This will allow for a more efficient use of a low cost and accessible treatment like VitD3.
Predictive value of anthropometric measurements in survival and free walking ability of geriatric hip fractures after surgery
Authors: Wang Liqiang , Zhao Zhibang , Fan Wenliang , Yao Yuan , Chu Qingbo 
Published: May 2024

Background
We aimed to explore the predictive value of anthropometric measurements in survival and free walking ability of geriatric hip fractures after surgery.

Methods
Eight common anthropometric measurements, including arm circumference (AC), waist circumference (WC), thigh circumference (TC), calf circumference (CC), biceps skinfold (BS), triceps skinfold (TS), suprailiac skinfold (SIS), and subscapular skinfold (SSS), were included to identify their predictive value in survival and free walking ability of geriatric hip fractures. The results of anthropometric measurements were compared between patients with different outcomes. Cox and logistics models were established to further identify the predictive value of anthropometric measurements.

Results
Comparison among groups indicated that individuals with different outcomes may have significantly different anthropometric measurements. In the Cox analyses based on all individuals, all models proved that the patients with higher AC, as well as CC and BS, may have a lower risk of 1-year mortality. Similarly, in the logistics analysis, AC, CC, and BS were proven to have strong predictive ability for 6-month and 1-year mortality in females and overall individuals. However, the predictive value of the eight common anthropometric measurements in free walking ability is not significant.

Conclusion
AC, CC, and BS may have strong predictive ability for 6-month and 1-year mortality in all individuals and females.
A shifting terrain: Understanding the perspectives of walk-in physicians on their roles amid worsening primary care access in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Terpou Braeden A. , Lapointe-Shaw Lauren , Wang Ruoxi , Martin Danielle , Tadrous Mina , Bhatia Sacha , Shuldiner Jennifer , Berthelot Simon , Thakkar Niels , McBrien Kerry , Salahub Christine , Kiran Tara , Ivers Noah , Desveaux Laura 
Published: May 2024

Background
High-quality primary care is associated with better health outcomes and more efficient and equitable health system performance. However, the rate of primary care attachment is falling, and timely access to primary care is worsening, driving many patients to use walk-in clinics for their comprehensive primary care needs. This study sought to explore the experiences and perceived roles and responsibilities of walk-in physicians in this current climate. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with nineteen physicians currently providing walk-in care in Ontario, Canada between May and December 2022.

Results
Limited capacity for continuity and comprehensiveness of care were identified as major sources of professional tension for walk-in physicians. Divergent perspectives on their roles were anchored in how physicians viewed their professional identity. Some saw providing continuous and comprehensive care as an infringement on their professional role; others saw their professional role as more flexible and responsive to population needs. Regardless of their professional identity, participants reported feeling ill-equipped to manage the swell of unattached patients, citing a lack of time, resources, connectivity to the system, and remuneration flexibility. Conclusions: As practice demands of walk-in clinics change, an evolution in the professional roles and responsibilities of walk-in physicians follows. However, the resources, structure, and incentives of walk-in care have not evolved to reflect this, leaving physicians to set their own professional boundaries with patients. This results in increasing variations in care and confusion across the primary care sector around who is responsible for what, when, and how.