bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐Invasive Detection of Early‐Stage Fatty Liver Disease via an On‐Skin Impedance Sensor and Attention‐Based Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Kaidong , Margolis Samuel , Cho Jae Min , Wang Shaolei , Arianpour Brian , Jabalera Alejandro , Yin Junyi , Hong Wen , Zhang Yaran , Zhao Peng , Zhu Enbo , Reddy Srinivasa , Hsiai Tzung K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarly‐stage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a silent condition, with most cases going undiagnosed, potentially progressing to liver cirrhosis and cancer. A non‐invasive and cost‐effective detection method for early‐stage NAFLD detection is a public health priority but challenging. In this study, an adhesive, soft on‐skin sensor with low electrode‐skin contact impedance for early‐stage NAFLD detection is fabricated. A method is developed to synthesize platinum nanoparticles and reduced graphene quantum dots onto the on‐skin sensor to reduce electrode‐skin contact impedance by increasing double‐layer capacitance, thereby enhancing detection accuracy. Furthermore, an attention‐based deep learning algorithm is introduced to differentiate impedance signals associated with early‐stage NAFLD in high‐fat‐diet‐fed low‐density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr−/−) mice compared to healthy controls. The integration of an adhesive, soft on‐skin sensor with low electrode‐skin contact impedance and the attention‐based deep learning algorithm significantly enhances the detection accuracy for early‐stage NAFLD, achieving a rate above 97.5% with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 1.0. The findings present a non‐invasive approach for early‐stage NAFLD detection and display a strategy for improved early detection through on‐skin electronics and deep learning.
High‐Entropy Alloys and Their Affinity with Hydrogen: From Cantor to Platinum Group Elements Alloys
Authors: Glazyrin Konstantin , Spektor Kristina , Bykov Maxim , Dong Weiwei , Yu Ji‐Hun Yu , Yang Sangsun , Lee Jai‐Sung Lee , Divinski Sergiy V. , Hanfland Michael , Yusenko Kirill V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProperties of high‐entropy alloys are currently in the spotlight due to their promising applications. One of the least investigated aspects is the affinity of these alloys to hydrogen, its diffusion, and reactions. In this study, high pressure is applied at ambient temperature and stress‐induced diffusion of hydrogen is investigated into the structure of high‐entropy alloys (HEA) including the famous Cantor alloy as well as less known, but nevertheless important platinum group (PGM) alloys. By applying X‐ray diffraction to samples loaded into diamond anvil cells, a comparative investigation of transition element incorporating HEA alloys in Ne and H2 pressure‐transmitting media is performed at ambient temperature. Even under stresses far exceeding conventional industrial processes, both Cantor and PGM alloys show exceptional resistance to hydride formation, on par with widely used industrial grade Cu–Be alloys. The observations inspire optimism for practical HEA applications in hydrogen‐relevant industry and technology (e.g., coatings, etc), particularly those related to transport and storage.
Investigation of Antibody Tolerance in Methanol for Analytical Purposes: Methanol Effect Patterns and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Mi Jiafei , Wu Weilin , Fei Jie , Lv Bochen , Yu Xuezhi , Wen Kai , Shen Jianzhong , Wang Zhanhui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe extraction of targets from biological samples for immunoassays using organic solvents, such as methanol, is often necessary. However, high concentrations of organic solvents in extracts invariably lead to instability of the employed antibody, resulting in poor performance of the immunoassay. Evaluating the tolerance ability and exploring the molecular mechanisms of antibody tolerance in organic solvents are essential for the development of robust immunoassays. In this work, 25 monoclonal antibodies and methanol are utilized as models to address these questions. A novel protocol is initially established to precisely and rapidly determine antibody tolerance in methanol, identifying two distinct methanol effect patterns. Through a detailed investigation of the structural basis, a novel hypothesis regarding methanol effect patterns is proposed, termed “folding‐aggregation,” which is subsequently validated through molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the investigation of sequence basis reveals significant differences in residue types within the complementarity‐determining regions and ligand‐binding residues, distinguishing the two antibody methanol effect patterns. Moreover, the methanol effect patterns of the antibodies are defined by germline antibodies. This work represents the first exploration of antibody methanol effect patterns and associated molecular mechanisms, with potential implications for the discovery and engineering of tolerant antibodies for the development of robust immunoassays.
Structure‐Property Correlations in CZTSe Domains within Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Photovoltaic Absorbers
Authors: Ngoipala Apinya , Ren Huan , Ryan Kevin M. , Vandichel Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSemiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are promising materials for various applications. Two of four recently identified CuαZnβSnγSeδ (CZTSe) domains demonstrate metallic character, while the other two exhibit semiconductor character. The presence of both metallic and semiconductor domains in one NC can hugely benefit future applications. In contrast to traditional band gap studies in the NC community, this study emphasizes that NC domain interfaces also affect the electronic properties. Specifically, the measured band gap of a tetrapod‐shaped CZTSe NC is demonstrated to originate from two specific domains (tetragonal I and monoclinic P1c1 Cu2ZnSnSe4). The heterojunction between these two semiconductor domains exhibits a staggered type‐II band alignment, facilitating the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. Interestingly, tetrapod NCs have the potential to be efficient absorber materials with higher capacitance in photovoltaic applications due to the presence of both semiconductor/semiconductor interfaces and metal/semiconductor “Schottky”‐junctions. For the two photo‐absorbing domains, the calculated absorption spectra yield maximum photon‐absorption coefficients of about 105 cm−1 in the visible and UV regions and a theoretical solar power conversion efficiency up to 20.8%. These insights into the structure‐property relationships in CZTSe NCs will guide the design of more efficient advanced optical CZTSe materials for various applications.
Co‐delivery Nano System of MS‐275 and V‐9302 Induces Pyroptosis and Enhances Anti‐Tumor Immunity Against Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Ren Hong , Wu Zhenkai , Tan Jia , Tao Hui , Zou Wangyuan , Cao Zheng , Wen Binyu , Cai Ziyi , Du Jiaqi , Deng Zhihong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the treatment of uveal melanoma (UVM), histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have emerged as a promising epigenetic therapy. However, their clinical efficacy is hindered by the suboptimal pharmacokinetics and the strong self‐rescue of tumor cells. To overcome these limitations, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive nanoparticles (NPs) are designed that encapsulate HDACi MS‐275 and the glutamine metabolism inhibitor V‐9302. Upon reaching the tumor microenvironment, these NPs can disintegrate, thereby releasing MS‐275 to increase the level of ROS and V‐9302 to reduce the production of glutathione (GSH) related to self‐rescue. These synergistic effects lead to a lethal ROS storm and induce cell pyroptosis. When combined with programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibodies (α‐PD‐1), these NPs facilitate immune cell infiltration, improving anti‐tumor immunity, converting “immune‐cold” tumors into “immune‐hot” tumors, and enhancing immune memory in mice. The findings present a nano‐delivery strategy for the co‐delivery of epigenetic therapeutics and metabolic inhibitors, which induces pyroptosis in tumors cells and improves the effectiveness of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Programming Piezoelectric Phase of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) via Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite for Enhanced Electromechanical Performance
Authors: Gong Yong‐Ji , Li Zhi‐Gang , Guo Tian‐Meng , Zhao Chen , Zhang Ying , He Min , Yu Jie , Li Wei , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFluoropolymers and metal halide perovskites (MHPs), as two classes of important piezoelectric materials, suffer from active phases through a facile process and brittleness led poor manufacturability, respectively. Here, TMCM‐CdCl3/PVDF nanocomposites (TMCM = trimethylchloromethyl ammonium, PVDF = polyvinylidene fluoride) are synthesized to overcome the above shortcomings. The abundant hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl) sites in TMCM‐CdCl3 can interlock with H and fluorine (F) atoms within PVDF via C─H···Cl and C─H···F interactions. This programming effect augments the dipole alignment and consequently promotes the formation of polar phases within PVDF. The devices made by these nanocomposites exhibit high energy harvesting properties surpassing established MHP/PVDF analogues, and prominent performance in sensing delicate human motions. Moreover, the devices show exceptional capabilities for detecting underwater ultrasound waves. The signal intensity is ≈4 times that of commercial PVDF film devices, and the frequency distortion is only a quarter of that observed in commercial ceramic transducers. This study opens up new possibilities for developing high‐performance piezoelectric nanocomposites and the creation of advanced electromechanical devices.
Unveiling the Descriptor of Parasitic Reactions of Zinc Anode: A Comparative Study of Trace Pyridinesulfonic Acid‐Based Additives in Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Yujie , Zhao Zhiwei , Li Pengfei , Tang Guochuan , Chen Weihua , Peng Zhangquan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling parasitic reactions on the Zn metal anode (ZMA) surface is essential to enhance the energy capabilities of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, the accurate regulation scheme is often obscured due to the lack of fundamental understanding concerning the ZMA/electrolyte interface. Herein, the descriptor of interfacial parasitic reactions is revealed through a systematic comparative study of three model trace adsorption‐type pyridinesulfonic acid‐based additives with structural variations. Using in situ spectroscopies coupled with density functional theory calculations, direct spectroscopic evidence of interfacial H2O evolution during Zn2+ deposition process is obtained. It is proposed that, beyond the traditional cognitions, the distance between solvated Zn(H2O)62+ and ZMA surface highly dictates the stability of ZMAs. Consequently, the trace 3‐Pyridinesulfonic acid with most effective capacity to drive solvated Zn(H2O)62+ away from the ZMA surface, enables a robust cycle life over 420 h for the Zn||Zn symmetric cell at 10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2 (depth of discharge of 45%), a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.78% and an extended cycling life of 1500 cycles for the Zn//NH4V4O10 full battery. The work sheds light on the underlying mechanism of parasitic reactions on ZMA surface and provides fundamental insights into the design of trace additives for better ZIBs.
Regulating room temperature phosphorescence of carbazole quaternization pyridine in polymer through Hofmeister effect
Authors: He Runying , Yang Yun , Zhou Qian , Chang Shasha , Cheng Yi , Ma Xiurong , Shi Yonggang , Zheng Liyan , Cao Qiue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHofmeister effect is a famous physical chemistry phenomenon that was reported a hundred years ago, which firstly refers to the action of certain salts to decrease the solubility of proteins while others increase. The Hofmeister effect on the luminescent properties of cationic organic fluorophore is still obscure, especially for their room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Herein, hydrophilic groups (quaternization pyridine) were introduced into carbazole molecules to obtain a series of carbazole derivatives (named CZ‐Py+) with different counter anions in the Hofmeister series. These carbazole derivatives displayed tunable fluorescent color from cyan to yellow in the solid state following the Hofmeister sequence and anti‐Hofmeister behavior in an aqueous solution. Moreover, RTP material with tunable emission color and lifetime was achieved by doping CZ‐Py+ with Hofmeister series anion in polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl alcohol, which displayed good performance in time getting information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting.
Mechanism research of type I reactive oxygen species conversion based on molecular and aggregate levels for tumor photodynamic therapy
Authors: Xu Youqin , Xie Yili , Wan Qing , Tian Jianwen , Liang Jing , Zhou Jianlong , Song Mu , Zhou Xinke , Teng Muzhou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractType I photosensitizers (PSs) with the ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) containing superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical have promising application potential for treating hypoxia tumors, but the deep mechanism of type II ROS converts to the type I ROS in the PSs is still unclear, it is urgent to reveal influencing factors about inducing type I ROS generation. Herein, six PSs with aggregation‐induced emission properties, which were fabricated with the same electronic acceptor but different electronic donors and “π‐bridge”, have been successfully prepared to explore the influencing mechanism of generating superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical from organic PSs. Experimental results discovered two factors containing molecular structure and aggregated environment could decide the ROS efficiency and types of PSs. On the level of designing molecular structure, we discovered that “π‐bridge” with a lower energy level of the lowest triplet state could be beneficial for triggering the production of superoxide anion, and electronic donor of triphenylamine was an important factor in producing hydroxyl radical than another donor of dimethylamine. On the level of designing aggregates of PS‐based polymeric nanoparticles, bovine serum albumin could improve largely the generation efficiency of superoxide anion. Due to the satisfactory ROS efficiency and better biocompatibility, synthetic PSs showed excellent photodynamic therapy outcomes in vitro/vivo.
Clinal variation in quantitative traits but not in evolutionary potential along elevational and latitudinal gradients in the widespread Anthyllis vulneraria
Authors: Daco Laura , Colling Guy , Matthies Diethart 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPremiseStrong elevational and latitudinal gradients allow the study of genetic differentiation in response to similar environmental changes. However, it is uncertain whether the environmental changes along the two types of gradients result in similar genetically based changes in quantitative traits. Peripheral arctic and alpine populations are thought to have less evolutionary potential than more central populations do.MethodsWe studied quantitative traits of the widespread Anthyllis vulneraria in a common garden. Plants originated from 20 populations along a 2000‐m elevational gradient from the lowlands to the elevational limit of the species in the Alps, and from 20 populations along a 2400‐km latitudinal gradient from the center of the distribution of the species in Central Europe to its northern distributional margin.ResultsMost traits showed similar clinal variations with elevation and latitude of origin, and the magnitude of all measured traits in relation to mean annual temperature was similar. Higher QST values than FST values in several traits indicated diversifying selection, but for others QST was smaller than FST. Genetic diversity of quantitative traits and neutral molecular markers was not correlated. Plasticity in response to favorable conditions declined with elevation and less strongly with latitude of origin, but the evolvability of traits did not.ConclusionsThe clinal variation suggests adaptive differentiation of quantitative traits along the two gradients. The evolutionary potential of peripheral populations is not necessarily reduced, but lower plasticity may threaten their survival under rapidly changing climatic conditions.
Animal models of tendon calcification: Past, present, and future
Authors: Li Ruichen , Lai Canhao , Luo Hong , Lan Yujian , Duan Xinfang , Bao Dingsu , Hou Zhipeng , Liu Huan , Fu Shijie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTendon calcification is a common clinical condition that frequently occurs as a complication after tendon injury and surgery, or as an expression of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. This condition can be referred to by various names in clinical practice and literature, including tendon ossification, tendon mineralization, heterotopic ossification, and calcific tendonitis. The exact pathogenesis of tendon calcification remains uncertain, but current mainstream research suggests that calcification is mostly cell mediated. To further elucidate the pathogenesis of tendon calcification and to better simulate the overall process, selecting appropriate experimental animal models is important. Numerous animal models have been utilized in various clinical studies, each with its own set of advantages and limitations. In this review, we have discussed the advancements made in research on animal models of tendon calcification, with a focus on the selection of experimental animals, the sites of injury in these models, and the methods employed for modeling.
Effects of different nitric oxide synthases on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics in hypoxic stress rat model
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhang Yu , Wang Xiaojun , Liu Jie , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnder hypoxia, exaggerated compensatory responses may lead to acute mountain sickness. The excessive vasodilatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) can lower the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and peripheral blood pressure. While NO is catalyzed by various nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, the regulatory roles of these types in the hemodynamics of pulmonary and systemic circulation in living hypoxic animals remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of different NOS isoforms on pulmonary and systemic circulation in hypoxic rats by employing selective NOS inhibitors and continuously monitoring hemodynamic parameters of both pulmonary and systemic circulation.MethodsForty healthy male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (NG‐nitro‐D‐arginine methyl ester, D‐NAME), L‐NAME group (non‐selective NOS inhibitor, NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester), AG group (inducible NOS inhibitor group, aminoguanidine), and 7‐NI group (neurological NOS inhibitor, 7‐nitroindazole). Hemodynamic parameters of rats were monitored for 10 min after inhibitor administration and 5 min after induction of hypoxia [15% O2, 2200 m a. sl., 582 mmHg (76.5 kPa), Xining, China] using the real‐time dynamic monitoring model for pulmonary and systemic circulation hemodynamics in vivo. Serum NO concentrations and blood gas analysis were measured.ResultsUnder normoxia, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance were increased, and ascending aortic blood flow and serum NO concentration were decreased in the L‐NAME and AG groups. During hypoxia, pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly increased in the L‐NAME and AG groups.ConclusionsThis compensatory mechanism activated by inducible NOS and endothelial NOS effectively counteracts the pulmonary hemodynamic changes induced by hypoxic stress. It plays a crucial role in alleviating hypoxia‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Plasma pTau181 Reveals a Pathological Signature that Predicts Cognitive Outcomes in Lewy Body Disease
Authors: Abdelnour Carla , Young Christina B. , Shahid‐Besanti Marian , Smith Alena , Wilson Edward N. , Ramos Benitez Javier , Vossler Hillary , Plastini Melanie J. , Winer Joseph R. , Kerchner Geoffrey A. , Cholerton Brenna , Andreasson Katrin I. , Henderson Victor W. , Yutsis Maya , Montine Thomas J. , Tian Lu , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Poston Kathleen L. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo determine whether plasma phosphorylated‐Tau181 (pTau181) could be used as a diagnostic biomarker of concurrent Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) or amyloidosis alone, as well as a prognostic, monitoring, and susceptibility/risk biomarker for clinical outcomes in Lewy body disease (LBD).MethodsWe studied 565 participants: 94 LBD with normal cognition, 83 LBD with abnormal cognition, 114 with Alzheimer's disease, and 274 cognitively normal. Plasma pTau181 levels were measured with the Lumipulse G platform. Diagnostic accuracy for concurrent ADNC and amyloidosis was assessed with Receiver Operating Characteristic curves in a subset of participants with CSF pTau181/Aβ42, and CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 or amyloid‐β PET, respectively. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the associations between baseline and longitudinal plasma pTau181 levels and clinical outcomes.ResultsPlasma pTau181 predicted concurrent ADNC and amyloidosis in LBD with abnormal cognition with 87% and 72% accuracy, respectively. In LBD patients with abnormal cognition, higher baseline plasma pTau181 was associated with worse baseline MoCA and CDR‐SB, as well as accelerated decline in CDR‐SB. Additionally, in this group, rapid increases in plasma pTau181 over 3 years predicted a faster decline in CDR‐SB and memory. In LBD patients with normal cognition, there was no association between baseline or longitudinal plasma pTau181 levels and clinical outcomes; however, elevated pTau181 at baseline increased the risk of conversion to cognitive impairment.InterpretationOur findings suggest that plasma pTau181 is a promising biomarker for concurrent ADNC and amyloidosis in LBD. Furthermore, plasma pTau181 holds potential as a prognostic, monitoring, and susceptibility/risk biomarker, predicting disease progression in LBD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:526–538
Ein Direkter Syntheseweg zu closo‐SBnCln Thiaboranen aus Einfachen Elektronenpräzisen Startmaterialien: Die Unterschiedliche Rolle der Chalkogenbindungen in Kristallinem SB5Cl5 und SB11Cl11
Authors: Keller Willi , Lissner Falk , Ballmann Joachim , Fanfrlík Jindřich , Hnyk Drahomír , Schleid Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDie Thiaborane closo‐SB5Cl5 (1) und closo‐1‐SB9Cl9 (2) wurden neben dem bereits bekannten closo‐SB11Cl11 (3) durch Co‐Pyrolyse von B2Cl4 mit S2Cl2 bei 280 °C im Vakuum hergestellt. Die Verbindungen sind sublimierbare, blass‐cremefarbene Feststoffe, deren elementare Zusammensetzung durch hochauflösende Massenspektrometrie bestimmt wurde. Sie wurden ferner durch ein‐ und zweidimensionale 11B NMR‐Spektroskopie und – im Falle von 1 und 3 – mittels Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Ab‐initio/GIAO/NMR‐Rechnungen stimmen mit den für 1, 2 bzw. 3 gefundenen oktaedrischen, doppelt überkappten quadratisch‐antiprismatischen bzw. ikosaedrischen Geometrien überein, wie aufgrund der Anzahl der für polyedrische closo‐Cluster typischen 2n+2 Gerüstelektronenzahl zu erwarten war. Hierbei ist 1 das erste isolierte Beispiel für ein neutrales closo‐Thiaboran mit weniger als zehn Clusterbausteinen und 3 ein seltenes Beispiel für ein ikosaedrisches Heteroboran, welches mittels Röntgenbeugung am Einkristall untersucht werden konnte. Die Kristall‐Packungskräfte in 1 und 3 sprechen für unterschiedliche Rollen der jeweiligen Chalkogen‐Bindung in diesen oktaedrischen und ikosaedrischen Clustern. Darüber hinaus fanden sich massenspektrometrische Hinweise auf die Bildung weiterer Thiaboran‐Homologe der Formel closo‐SBnCln mit n=4, 6, 10 und supra‐ikosaedrischem 12.