bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS, NISIN, LYZOZYME AND EDTA ON THE SURVIVAL OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA POPULATION IN INOCULATED ORANGE BEVERAGES
Authors: LUCERO ESTRADA CECILIA S.M. , DEL CARMEN VELÁZQUEZ LIDIA , DE GUZMÁN ANA MARÍA S. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT Inactivation of a Yersinia enterocolitica strain by 3.4% ascorbic acid (AA), 0.5% citric acid (CA), 0.2% lactic acid, 100 IU/mL nisin, 2,400 IU/mL lysozyme and 20 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA ), alone and combined, was studied at different temperatures (4 and 25C) in commercial and laboratory‐prepared orange beverages. In laboratory‐prepared juice, highest reductions (between 3.06 and 4.07 log units) were obtained with acid mixtures at 25C after 20 min of incubation. At 24 h of incubation, EDTA was bactericidal and the mixtures with nisin or lysozyme resulted in count reductions of 6.03 and 5.98 log units, respectively. In commercial orange beverage, AA and CA gave reductions of 5.43 and 4.26 log units, respectively. The three acid mixtures were bactericidal within the first 10 min. EDTA alone or mixed completely inhibited Y. enterocolitica strain at 6 and 24 h of incubation. At 4C, all the results were significantly lower than at 25C.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Yersinia enterocolitica is a common cause of gastrointestinal disorders and may lead to sequelae. This pathogen can maintain its virulence in a wide temperature range and under adverse conditions such as pH lower than 4. There are reports describing the isolation of Y. enterocolitica from water and ice in Brazil and Latin America. The sale of unpasteurized drinks is a common practice in our region and their consumption has increased over the past years. In the present work, chemical compounds and biological inhibitors were studied. Some of these compounds showed to be efficient for reducing Y. enterocolitica populations. Furthermore, they did not modify the organoleptic characteristics of the beverages and they are not toxic for human beings.
The importance of soft tissue examination in post‐traumatic decision‐making: A case report
Authors: Altundasar Emre , Demiralp Burak 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDental and facial traumas involving teeth and supporting tissues are common sports‐related injuries. In this case report treatment of a 23‐year‐old student who had been elbowed by an opponent player during a basketball game, which caused oblique fractures on both maxillary incisor teeth is presented. The patient presented 17 days following trauma having completed full recovery of soft tissues. A fragment of upper incisor tooth had been embedded in lower lip at the time of trauma, which was covered by healing tissues. At the 1 month control the patient complained of a hard structure in his lower lip. The elusive broken fragment was revealed by a radiograph and then removed surgically. This case report is a good example of the importance of the training of general dentists about sports‐related traumatic injuries as well as emphasising the importance of the use of mouthguards during contact sports.
SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL OF EOCENE, PALEOCENE AND JURASSIC DEPOSITS IN THE SUBSURFACE OF THE POTWAR BASIN, NORTHERN PAKISTAN
Authors: Fazeelat T. , Jalees M. I. , Bianchi T. S. 
Published: December 2009

The hydrocarbon source rock potential of five formations in the Potwar Basin of northern Pakistan – the Sakesar Formation (Eocene); the Patala, Lockhart and Dhak‐Pass Formations (Paleocene); and the Datta Formation (Jurassic) – was investigated using Rock‐Eval pyrolysis and total organic carbon (TOC) measurement. Samples were obtained from three producing wells referred to as A, B and C. In well A, the upper ca. 100 m of the Eocene Sakesar Formation contained abundant Type III gas‐prone organic matter (OM) and the interval appeared to be within the hydrocarbon generation window. The underlying part of the Sakesar Formation contained mostly weathered and immature OM with little hydrocarbon potential. The Sakesar Formation passes down into the Paleocene Patala Formation. Tmax was variable because of facies variations which were also reflected in variations in hydrogen index (HI), TOC and S2/S3 values. In well A, the middle portion of the Patala Formation had sufficient maturity (Tmax 430 to 444°C) and organic richness to act as a minor source for gas. The underlying Lockhart Formation in general contained little OM, although basal sediments showed a major contribution of Type II/III OM and were sufficiently mature for hydrocarbon generation.In Well B, rocks in the upper 120 m of the Paleocene Patala Formation contained little OM. However, some Type II/III OM was present at the base of the formation, although these sediments were not sufficiently mature for oil generation. The Dhak Pass Formation was in general thermally immature and contained minor amounts of gas‐prone OM.In Well C, the Jurassic Datta Formation contained oil‐prone OM. Tmax data indicated that the formation was marginally mature despite sample depths of > 5000 m. The lack of increase in Tmax with depth was attributed to low heat flows during burial. However, burial to depths of more than 5000 m resulted in the generation of moderate quantities of oil from this formation.
Antibodies and DNA Photoproducts: Applications, Milestones and Reference Guide
Authors: Mitchell David , Brooks Becky 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPolyclonal and monoclonal antibodies recognizing the primary DNA photoproducts induced by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have proven to be essential tools in the study of photochemical and photobiological phenomena. As specific “DNA damage binding proteins” these reagents have been used to develop a diverse array of technical procedures applied to a plethora of important problems in DNA photochemistry and the biological effects of UVR at the molecular, developmental, organism and population levels. This survey attempts to cover this science from an historical perspective and to reveal the great breadth of discovery and contribution associated with the development and application of DNA damage antibodies to the current body of science.
Photosensitizer–Antibiotic Conjugates: A Novel Class of Antibacterial Molecules
Authors: Cahan Rivka , Swissa Nissim , Gellerman Gary , Nitzan Yeshayahu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBacterial resistance to a variety of antibiotics has led to intensive research into the effect of photosensitizers as a cytotoxic agent against bacterial cells. In this study, we synthesized the following conjugates with or without a linker: rose bengal‐penicillanic acid (RBPA), rose bengal‐linker‐penicillanic acid (RBLPA) and rose bengal‐linker‐kanamycin (RBLKAN). The antibacterial activity of these conjugates was examined on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Exposure of the cultures to 100 J cm−2 showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of RBPA, RBLPA and RBLKAN on S. aureus was 0.195, 0.156 and 0.004 μm, respectively. The MIC of RBPA, RBLPA and RBLKAN on E. coli was 1.56, 2.5 and 0.156 μm, respectively. In dark control experiments, the MIC of these conjugates was not detected until a concentration that was 16‐fold that of the MIC found in the light experiments. RBPA and RBLPA as well as RBLKAN are bactericidal for both bacterial cells. Total eradication of S. aureus and E. coli was observed with RBLKAN (0.078 and 20 μm 16 J cm−2, respectively). Under these conditions, scanning electron microscopic analysis showed significant damage to these bacteria. However, the photosensitizer and antibiotics individually were not effective.
Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Freshwater Copepods
Authors: Souza María Sol , Balseiro Esteban , Laspoumaderes Cecilia , Modenutti Beatriz 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe analyzed the effects of UV radiation (UVR) effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in two calanoid copepods, Boeckella gibbosa and Parabroteas sarsi that inhabit Patagonian shallow lakes. We studied the effect of experimental UVR (UV‐B and UV‐A) exposure on AChE activity in relation to basal antioxidant capacities of both copepods. Our experiments showed that UVR can effectively depress AChE activity, although with differences between species. In both copepods AChE was affected by UV‐B, whereas UV‐A only affected AChE in B. gibbosa. Both copepods also differed in body elemental composition (C:N:P), photoprotecting compound content (carotenoids and mycosporine‐like amino acids) and enzymatic antioxidant capacity (glutathione S‐transferase [GST]). Our results suggest that when exposed to UVR, AChE activity would depend more on the antioxidant capacity (GST) and P availability for enzyme synthesis than on the photoprotective compounds.
Preliminary testing of a Turkish version of the Strategies Used by Patients to Promote Health (SUPPH) scale in a sample of breast cancer patients
Authors: Akin Semiha , Can Gulbeyaz , Durna Zehra , Aydiner Adnan 
Published: December 2009

Aims and objectives. The study is designed to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the SUPPH Scale.Background. Self‐efficacy has been found to have a major impact on adjustment to illness and health practices. The importance of the concept of self‐efficacy and its effects on treatment has begun to be investigated, particularly in cancer patients. There is need for research to be conducted in Turkey on the validity and reliability of instruments to measure level of self‐efficacy in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.Design. It is a descriptive study. The research was conducted in the outpatient Chemotherapy Unit Oncology Institute in 2007.Method. The sample selection criteria were: patients with the diagnosis of breast cancer who were receiving chemotherapy, were female, were 18 years old or older, and who volunteered to participate in the study. The study was conducted with 141 patients. Permission to conduct the study was received from the Oncology Institute and the ethics committee. After the translinguistic study, the content validity of the scale was confirmed and tested. Reliability and validity of the scale was done using intra‐class correlation (ICC) analysis and Cronbach’s α statistics.Results. The Turkish version of the SUPPH Scale is valid and reliable for measuring breast cancer patients’ self‐efficacy level. The scale’s Cronbach alpha value and item‐total score correlation coefficients were found to be adequate, in general. The scale can be used to guide nurses to understand changes that occur in self‐efficacy in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.Conclusions. The Turkish version of the SUPPH Scale showed an adequate reliability and validity for its use on adult Turkish breast cancer patients.Relevance to clinical practice. This study is significant in providing the opportunity to use this scale in breast cancer patients in areas with a high Turkish population globally.
The education and information needs of young adults with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study
Authors: Savage Sally , Dabkowski Susan , Dunning Trisha 
Published: December 2009

Aims and objectives.  To identify the preferred content and delivery mode of education information for people aged 25 to 45 with type 2 diabetes to enable them to effectively self‐manage their diabetes.Background.  People with type 2 diabetes are required to manage their own health and initiate behavioural changes. Self‐management education and resources have typically been targeted at people aged 50 years and older. Little is known about the concerns and needs of younger people in managing type 2 diabetes, which are likely to be different from those of older people.Design.  A qualitative design was considered the most appropriate to elicit participants’ views and perceptions of their type 2 diabetes information needs.Methods.  Data were obtained from one focus group (n = 9) and telephone interviews (n = 4) with people aged 25 to 45 with type 2 diabetes conducted in 2008.Results.  Implicit in participants’ responses was their need to be active partners in managing their diabetes. Participants wanted information that is easy to understand, brief, consistent, age‐specific and about a number of topics that are not adequately covered at present. They wanted a centralised source of information and a range of delivery mode options. Participants expressed some ambivalence about the Internet as a source of information. Participants also wanted age‐specific group sessions, support from peers, psychological support, increased understanding of type 2 diabetes in the community, and a focus on preventing diabetes.Conclusions.  Young people with type 2 diabetes have specific diabetes needs and preferred information delivery modes. Participants felt current diabetes education programs do not cater specifically to their age group. Education and information resources need to be developed for the target group, addressing their content and format preferences.Relevance to clinical practice.  Health professionals need to utilise appropriate delivery modes and include information relevant to younger people when providing education information to young adults with type 2 diabetes.
An ongoing process of inner negotiation – a Grounded Theory study of self‐management among people living with chronic illness
Authors: Audulv Åsa , Norbergh Karl‐Gustaf , Asplund Kenneth , Hörnsten Åsa 
Published: December 2009

Aim.  The aim of this study was to better understand the main concern of self‐management processes among people with chronic illness.Background.  One aspect of living with chronic illness is self‐management that can reduce the illness impact on daily life and promote future health. Although factors that influence self‐management have been identified in previous research, little attention has been brought to the process of making self‐management decisions. In clinical settings, use of a theory could facilitate patient‐empowering approaches.Method.  The data collection for this Grounded Theory was mostly conducted in 2006. Data were collected by interviews with 26 adults with a variety of chronic illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel syndrome, multiple sclerosis, ischaemic heart disease and chronic kidney failure.Results.  Individuals are conflicted by competing preferences when taking decisions about self‐management. Consequently, the decision‐making process can be understood as an ongoing inner negotiation between different incompatible perspectives, e.g. social needs vs. medical needs. The process of negotiating self‐management starts with the individual’s considering beliefs about health and illness, which make the individual face illness threats and the need for self‐management. Several aspects influence negotiating self‐management namely, assessing effects of self‐management; evaluating own capacity; perceiving normality or stigmatisation; and experiencing support and external resources. The process has been demonstrated in a model.Conclusions.  The process of negotiating self‐management is an ongoing inner debate rather than a one‐time decision. This opens up new ways of understanding, and communicating with, patients. The described model also links behavioural theories and research findings in a comprehensive understanding.Relevance to clinical practice.  This model could be applicable as a communication tool for health‐care providers in identifying barriers to, and resources in, self‐management behaviour among individuals with chronic illness.
Is the role of Chlamydia trachomatis underestimated in patients with suspected reactive arthritis?
Authors: OWLIA Mohammad‐Bagher , ELEY Adrian R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractReactive arthritis is usually caused by bacteria of either the enteric or genital tracts. In the genital tract, Chlamydia trachomatis is perhaps the only aetiological agent. In Iran, newer evidence suggests that as C. trachomatis is more commonly found in the general population than was previously believed, its role in reactive arthritis may well be currently overlooked. In this review, as well as emphasizing the potential role of C. trachomatis in reactive arthritis in patients from developing countries, we also make recommendations for further clinical studies to determine its prevalence. Moreover, we also stress the need for standardization of new testing methodologies for C. trachomatis, including the use of new commercial systems in an attempt to determine a truer picture of chlamydial infection in reactive arthritis.
Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with IgM warm auto‐antibodies in primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: SHINODA Koichiro , TAKI Hirofumi , HOUNOKI Hiroyuki , OGAWA Reina , SUGIYAMA Eiji , TOBE Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPrimary Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder involving mainly salivary and lachrymal glands. However, many extraglandular symptoms have also been reported. Although leucocytopenia and lymphocytopenia are frequently observed in hematological disorders, autoimmune hemolytic anemia is rarely reported. We experienced a case of primary Sjögren’s syndrome developing severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The patient’s red blood cells showed spontaneous agglutination in saline at room temperature, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) was detected on the surface of red blood cells by flow cytometry, indicating that autoimmune hemolytic anemia was caused by warm reactive IgM antibodies. Immediate corticosteroid therapy resulted in a dramatic recovery. We report a first case of severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by warm reactive IgM antibodies in primary Sjögren’s syndrome.
A diagnosis not to be missed: Behcet’s disease as a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in a young Arab male patient
Authors: AL IZZI Mustafa , EL BUR Mohammed , ARIF Mohammed 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe report a 33‐year‐old Arab male patient who was thought to have severe idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) associated with complete atrioventricular block for more than 6 years, then was found to possess features suggestive of underlying Behcet’s disease in the form of recurrent oral and genital ulcers, cutaneous folliculitis, superficial thrombophlebitis, pathergism, partially thrombosed portal vein and a positive human leukocyte antigen ‐B51.
Klinefelter’s syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: AL‐ARFAJ Hussein F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractKilnefelter’s syndrome (KFS) tends to be associated with autoimmune diseases. Although several reports describe association of KFS with different autoimmune diseases, association with rheumatoid arthritis is very rare. We report a case of (KFS) who had seropositive erosive rheumatoid arthritis, and discuss the role of sex hormones/X chromosome in the pathogenesis of disease.
Selection of Mutations To Detect Multidrug-Resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Strains in Shanghai, China
Authors: Luo Tao , Zhao Ming , Li Xia , Xu Peng , Gui Xiaohong , Pickerill Sam , DeRiemer Kathryn , Mei Jian , Gao Qian 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

Novel tools are urgently needed for the rapid, reliable detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. To develop such tools, we need information about the frequency and distribution of the mycobacterial mutations and genotypes that are associated with phenotypic drug resistance. In a population-based study, we sequenced specific genes of
M. tuberculosis
that were associated with resistance to rifampin and isoniazid in 242 phenotypically MDR isolates and 50 phenotypically pan-susceptible isolates from tuberculosis (TB) cases in Shanghai, China. We estimated the sensitivity and specificity of the mutations, using the results of conventional, culture-based phenotypic drug susceptibility testing as the standard. We detected mutations within the 81-bp core region of
rpoB
in 96.3% of phenotypically MDR isolates. Mutations in two structural genes (
katG
and
inhA
) and two regulatory regions (the promoter of
mabA
-
inhA
and the intergenic region of
oxyR
-
ahpC
) were found in 89.3% of the MDR isolates. In total, 88.0% (213/242 strains) of the phenotypic MDR strains were confirmed by mutations in the sequenced regions. Mutations in
embB306
were also considered a marker for MDR and significantly increased the sensitivity of the approach. Based on our findings, an approach that prospectively screens for mutations in 11 sites of the
M. tuberculosis
genome (
rpoB531
,
rpoB526
,
rpoB516
,
rpoB533
, and
rpoB513
,
katG315
,
inhA
-
15
,
ahpC
-
10
,
ahpC-6
, and
ahpC-12
, and
embB306
) could detect 86.8% of MDR strains in Shanghai. This study lays the foundation for the development of a rapid, reliable molecular genetic test to detect MDR strains of
M. tuberculosis
in China.
Identification of a Plasmid-Borne Resistance Gene Cluster Comprising the Resistance Genes
erm
(T),
dfrK
, and
tet
(L) in a Porcine Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
ST398 Strain
Authors: Kadlec Kristina , Schwarz Stefan 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

A novel plasmid-borne resistance gene cluster comprising the genes
erm
(T) for macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance,
dfrK
for trimethoprim resistance, and
tet
(L) for tetracycline resistance was identified in a porcine methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
sequence type 398 (ST398) strain. This
erm
(T)-
dfrK
-
tet
(L) region was flanked by copies of the novel IS element IS
Sau10
. The
erm
(T) region resembled that of
Streptococcus pyogenes
plasmid pRW35. The
erm
(T) gene of pKKS25 was expressed constitutively due to a 57-bp deletion in the
erm
(T) translational attenuator.
Salicylic Acid DiminishesStaphylococcus aureusCapsular Polysaccharide Type 5 Expression
Authors: Alvarez Lucía P. , Barbagelata María S. , Gordiola Mariana , Cheung Ambrose L. , Sordelli Daniel O. , Buzzola Fernanda R. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTCapsular polysaccharides (CP) of serotypes 5 (CP5) and 8 (CP8) are majorStaphylococcus aureusvirulence factors. Previous studies have shown that salicylic acid (SAL), the main aspirin metabolite, affects the expression of certain bacterial virulence factors. In the present study, we found thatS. aureusstrain Reynolds (CP5) cultured with SAL was internalized by MAC-T cells in larger numbers than strain Reynolds organisms not exposed to SAL. Furthermore, the internalization of the isogenic nonencapsulated Reynolds strain into MAC-T cells was not significantly affected by preexposure to SAL. Pretreatment ofS. aureusstrain Newman with SAL also enhanced internalization into MAC-T cells compared with that of untreated control strains. Using strain Newman organisms, we evaluated the activity of the majorcap5promoter, which was significantly decreased upon preexposure to SAL. Diminished transcription ofmgrAand upregulation of thesaeRStranscript, both global regulators of CP expression, were found inS. aureuscultured in the presence of SAL, as ascertained by real-time PCR analysis. In addition, CP5 production byS. aureusNewman was also decreased by treatment with SAL. Collectively, our data demonstrate that exposure of encapsulatedS. aureusstrains to low concentrations of SAL reduced CP production, thus unmasking surface adhesins and leading to an increased capacity of staphylococci to invade epithelial cells. The high capacity of internalization of the encapsulatedS. aureusstrains induced by SAL pretreatment may contribute to the persistence of bacteria in certain hosts.