bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal design of coolant jacket for cryogen transfer pipelines
Authors: Sivasree Sajikumar Pillai , Nitin Baby 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCryogenic liquids such as liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen are extensively used in many processes and manufacturing industries. In these industries, transferring cryogens via pipelines is a routine phenomenon. As the boiling points and latent heat of cryogens are low, excessive vaporization of these cryogens is innate. Therefore, ensuring that the cryogen reaches the utility in its liquid form is challenging. In the case of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, the pipelines are jacketed with a high boiling cryogen like nitrogen. The idea is to dump most of the heat into cheap nitrogen to limit the loss of precious hydrogen or helium. From a heat inleak point, maximizing the amount of nitrogen in the jacket is advantageous by choosing large cross‐sectional areas. Also, larger flow cross sections would lower pressure drops and, therefore, lower pumping costs. However, such a choice would add to the mass of the pipeline. An increase in the mass of the pipeline increases the need for better structural support of the pipeline assembly. Therefore, the design of cryogen jackets for limiting heat inleak is a multi‐objective optimization problem. In this work, we model the heat leak into the hydrogen via the nitrogen jacket and the pressure drop of liquid nitrogen, and we find the mass of the pipeline assembly. Then, we optimize the design of nitrogen jackets fitted over hydrogen pipelines. We employ the evolutionary optimization technique, genetic algorithm (GA), to perform this optimization.cryogen; genetic algorithm; heat inleak; liquid hydrogen; optimization.
Recent Progress on Rechargeable Zn−X (X=S, Se, Te, I2, Br2) Batteries
Authors: Du Wenyan , Song Ziyang , Zheng Xunwen , Lv Yaokang , Miao Ling , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently, aqueous Zn−X (X=S, Se, Te, I2, Br2) batteries (ZXBs) have attracted extensive attention in large‐scale energy storage techniques due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity and environmental friendliness. To date, despite tremendous research efforts, achieving high energy density in ZXBs remains challenging and requires a synergy of multiple factors including cathode materials, reaction mechanisms, electrodes and electrolytes. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the various reaction conversion mechanism of zinc‐sulfur (Zn−S) batteries, zinc‐selenium (Zn−Se) batteries, zinc‐tellurium (Zn−Te) batteries, zinc‐iodine (Zn−I2) batteries, and zinc‐bromine (Zn−Br2) batteries, along with recent important progress in the design and electrolyte of advanced cathode (S, Se, Te, I2, Br2) materials. Additionally, we investigate the fundamental questions of ZXBs and highlight the correlation between electrolyte design and battery performance. This review will stimulate an in‐deep understanding of ZXBs and guide the design of conversion batteries.
Relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia with Mendelian randomization approaches among older adults in the United States
Authors: Campbell Kyle A. , Fu Mingzhou , MacDonald Elizabeth , Zawistowski Matthew , Bakulski Kelly M. , Ware Erin B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIn observational studies, the association between alcohol consumption and dementia is mixed.METHODSWe performed two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies of weekly alcohol consumption and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease and one‐sample MR in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), wave 2012. Inverse variance weighted two‐stage regression provided odds ratios of association between alcohol exposure and dementia or cognitively impaired, non‐dementia relative to cognitively normal.RESULTSAlcohol consumption was not associated with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease using two‐sample MR (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.78, 1.72]). In HRS, doubling weekly alcohol consumption was not associated with dementia (African ancestries, n = 1,322, OR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.45, 2.25]; European ancestries, n = 7,160, OR = 1.37, 95% CI [0.53, 3.51]) or cognitively impaired, non‐dementia (African ancestries, n = 1,322, OR = 1.17, 95% CI [0.69, 1.98]; European ancestries, n = 7,160, OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.47, 1.22]).DISCUSSIONAlcohol consumption was not associated with cognitively impaired, non‐dementia or dementia status.Highlights
Cross‐sectionally in a large, diverse sample, alcohol appears protective for dementia.
We apply two‐ and one‐sample Mendelian randomization to test inferred causality.
Mendelian randomization approaches show no association with alcohol and dementia.
We conclude that alcohol consumption should not be considered protective.
Climatically robust multiscale species distribution models to support pronghorn recovery in California
Authors: Bean William T. , Butterfield H. Scott , Howard Jeanette K. , Batter Thomas J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe combined two climate‐based distribution models with three finer‐scale suitability models to identify habitat for pronghorn recovery in California now and into the future. We used a consensus approach to identify areas of suitable climate now and future for pronghorn in California. We compared the results of climate models from two separate hypotheses about their historical ecology in the state. Under the migration hypothesis, pronghorn were expected to be limited climatically by extreme cold in winter and extreme heat in summer; under the niche reduction hypothesis, historical pronghorn of distribution would have better represented the climatic limitations of the species. We combined occurrences from GPS collars distributed across three populations of pronghorn in the state to create three distinct habitat suitability models: (1) an ensemble model using random forests, Maxent, classification and regression Trees, and a generalized linear model; (2) a step selection function; and (3) an expert‐driven model. We evaluated consensus among both the climate models and the suitability models to prioritize areas for, and evaluate the prospects of, pronghorn recovery. Climate suitability for pronghorn in the future depends heavily on model assumptions. Under the migration hypothesis, our model predicted that there will be no suitable climate in California in the future. Under the niche reduction hypothesis, by contrast, suitable climate will expand. Habitat suitability also depended on the methods used, but areas of consensus among all three models exist in large patches throughout the state. Identifying habitat for a species which has undergone extreme range collapse, and which has very fine scale habitat needs, presents novel challenges for spatial ecologists. Our multimethod, multihypothesis approach can allow habitat modelers to identify areas of consensus and, perhaps more importantly, fill critical knowledge gaps that could resolve disagreements among the models. For pronghorn, a better understanding of their upper thermal tolerances and whether historical populations migrated will be crucial to their potential recovery in California and throughout the arid Southwest.
Development of a highly polymorphic chloroplast SSR set in Abies grandis with transferability to other conifer species—A promising toolkit for gene flow investigations
Authors: Götz Jeremias , Leinemann Ludger , Gailing Oliver , Hardtke André , Caré Oliver 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe genus Abies is widely distributed across the world and is of high importance for forestry. Since chloroplasts are usually uniparentally inherited, they are an important tool for specific scientific issues like gene flow, parentage, migration and, in general, evolutionary analysis. Established genetic markers for organelles in conifers are rather limited to RFLP markers, which are more labour and time intensive, compared with SSR markers. Using QUIAGEN CLC Workbench 23.03, we aligned two chloroplast genomes from different Abies species (NCBI accessions: NC_039581, NC_042778, NC_039582, NC_042410, NC_035067, NC_062889, NC_042775, NC_057314, NC_041464, MH706706, MH047653 and MH510244) to identify potential SSR candidates. Further selection and development of forward and reverse primers was performed using the NCBI Primer Blast Server application. In this article, we introduce a remarkably polymorphic SSR marker set for various Abies species, which can be useful for other conifer genera, such as Cedrus, Pinus, Pseudotsuga or Picea. In total, 17 cpSSRs showed reliable amplification and polymorphisms in A. grandis with a total of 68 haplotypes detected. All 17 cpSSRs amplified in the tested Abies spp. In the other tested species, except for Taxus baccata, at least one primer was polymorphic.
Physician‐directed patient self‐management in heart failure using left atrial pressure: Interim insights from the VECTOR‐HF I and IIa studies
Authors: Meerkin David , Perl Leor , Hasin Tal , Petriashvili Shalva , Kurashvili Levan , Metreveli Mikheil , Ince Hüseyin , Feickert Sebastian , Habib Manhal , Caspi Oren , Jonas Michael , Amat‐Santos Ignacio J. , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Codina Pau , Koren Oran , Frydman Shir , Pachino Rachel M. , Anker Stefan D. , Abraham William T. ,   on behalf of the VECTOR‐HF I and IIa Trials Investigators
Published: June 2024

AimsHaemodynamic monitoring using implantable pressure sensors reduces the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. Patient self‐management (PSM) of haemodynamics in HF has the potential to personalize treatment, increase adherence, and reduce the risk of worsening HF, while lowering clinicians' burden.Methods and resultsThe VECTOR‐HF I and IIa studies are prospective, single‐arm, open‐label clinical trials assessing safety, usability and performance of left atrial pressure (LAP)‐guided HF management using PSM in New York Heart Association class II and III HF patients. Physician‐prescribed LAP thresholds trigger patient self‐adjustment of diuretics. Primary endpoints include the ability to perform LAP measurements and transmit data to the healthcare provider (HCP) interface and the patient guidance application, and safety outcomes. This is an interim analysis of 13 patients using the PSM approach. Over 12 months, no procedure‐ or device‐related major adverse cardiovascular or neurological events were observed, and there were no failures to obtain measurements from the sensor and transmit the data to the HCP interface and the patient guidance application. Patient adherence was 91.4%. Using PSM, annualized HF hospitalization rate significantly decreased compared to a similar period prior to PSM utilization (0 admissions vs. 0.69 admissions over 11.84 months, p = 0.004). At 6 months, 6‐min walk test distance and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score demonstrated significant improvement.ConclusionsInterim findings suggest that PSM using a LAP monitoring system is feasible and safe. PSM is associated with high patient adherence, potentially improving HF patients' functional status, quality of life, and limiting HF hospitalizations.
Using 3‐monochloropropanediol esters and glycidyl esters to discriminate adulteration of cold‐pressed avocado oils and their refined variants
Authors: Wu Chia‐Chen , Chuang Yung‐Kun , Ho Yu‐Chi , Lin Zih‐Ee , Lee Wei‐Ju 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe adulteration of cold‐pressed avocado oil (AVO), a high‐value commodity, poses significant economic and health concerns. This study aimed to develop a method for identifying adulteration of cold‐pressed AVO with refined oil and its utilization to evaluate commercial AVO (cAVO) samples. Avocados from the United States and New Zealand at different stages of maturity were subjected to oven‐drying and microwave‐drying to produce authentic in‐house AVOs. Various parameters, including glycidyl ester (GE) and 3‐monochloropropanediol ester (3‐MCPDE) contents, fatty acid composition, phytosterol content, acid value, and pigment contents, were measured. In‐house AVOs exhibited trace amounts of 3‐MCPDE formation, and a threshold of 0.25 mg kg–1 for GEs and 3‐MCPDEs was established to differentiate samples adulterated with refined oil. However, no clear correlation between 3‐MCPDE concentrations and adulteration ratios was observed. Determination of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents enabled the identification of partial or complete adulteration. The acid value and phytosterol content did not provide sufficient distinctions for detecting adulteration. GE and 3‐MCPDE contents could effectively be used to discriminate cold‐pressed AVO blended with refined oil, providing a reliable method for detecting misrepresentation of cAVO products.Practical Applications: Measuring GEs and 3‐MCPDEs is crucial for identifying refined oil adulteration of cold‐pressed oils. The systematic discrimination methods and criteria developed in this study can be applied to different types of high‐value pressed oils in the future. Addressing this issue is essential for maintaining the authenticity and quality of cold‐pressed oils in the industry.
Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery and Viscose Flooding into Sandstone Reservoirs Using a Natural Polymer Extracted from Sucrose‐Rich Waste by Bacterial Activity
Authors: Nowrouzi Iman , Mohammadi Amir H. , Khaksar Manshad Abbas 
Published: June 2024

In this research, it was attempted to describe in vitro the efficiency of a natural polymer synthesized from sugarcane waste by bacteria for application in enhanced crude oil recovery. Necessary experiments were carried out with the main targets of extraction and description of the polymer and its effectiveness in enhanced oil recovery. It is shown that in the polymer concentrations of 1, 2, 5, and 8 wt%, the viscosity is equal to 26.08, 76.51, 100.94, and 168.36 mPa s. A shear‐thinning flow behavior is observed at initial shear rates. The sandstone wettability alteration is observed through the contact angles at concentrations of 1, 2, 5, and 8 wt% that are 85.93°, 72.19°, 76.51°, and 71.09°, respectively. Based on salinity compatibility, the polymer work up to a salinity of 90 000 ppm and based on viscosity tests, up to a salinity of 120 000 ppm. Regarding the performance of the polymer solution against temperature, it shows an acceptable performance in increasing the viscosity at the highest temperature of 75 °C. The water cut reaches its minimum of 8%, and then increases. By injecting 3.3 Pore volum (PV), the oil recovery reaches 81.4%. In a polymeric slug injection program, the oil recovery factor reaches 74.8%.Similarly, the water cut starts to decrease after the injection of polymer, and finally, after the injection of 0.9 PV including 0.5 PV of the polymer solution and 0.4 PV of water, reaches its minimum during the experiment, i.e., 22%.
Schaftoside from Plumula nelumbinis mitigates “Shanghuo” by inhibiting low‐grade inflammation, diminishing oxidative stress, and enhancing energy metabolism
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Wu Weijie , Liu Ruiling , Chen Huizhi , Wang Lishu , Niu Ben , Mu Honglei , Gao Haiyan , Chen Hangjun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe study was focused on the therapeutic potential of schaftoside (SS), a key bioactive compound found in Plumula nelumbinis, in the context of “Shanghuo,” an excessive internal heat condition induced by the overconsumption of capsaicin. “Shanghuo” in traditional Chinese medicine is characterized by symptoms like skin and mucous membrane redness, swelling, fever, and discomfort. It is commonly used to describe symptoms such as intense thirst, constipation, and a rapid or surging pulse. In modern medicine, it is associated with various factors, including dietary irritants, stress, gut microbiota imbalances, and immunological issues. The concept of Yin–Yang balance is pivotal in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Yin embodies elements of stability and inhibition, whereas Yang is indicative of vitality and assertiveness. Excessive capsaicin intake can also trigger “Shanghuo” symptoms by disrupting the body's balance of “Yin and Yang.” In the present study, we isolated SS from P. nelumbinis and performed in vitro antioxidant assays. SS exhibited a concentration‐dependent increase in antioxidant activity, indicating its potential to combat oxidative stress. In animal experiments, rats exposed to a high dose of capsaicin showed elevated levels of inflammatory markers and reduced antioxidant levels. SS effectively mitigated these imbalances, restored antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced inflammation. Furthermore, capsaicin‐treated rats showed decreased energy metabolism and altered gut microbiota. SS treatment enhanced energy metabolism and increased the abundance of intestinal flora, highlighting its potential to restore metabolic balance. In conclusion, SS from P. nelumbinis shows promise in alleviating “Shanghuo” induced by excessive capsaicin intake.
A Novel, Industrially‐feasible Synthetic Route to (+)‐Biotin from L‐Cysteine
Authors: Zhang Qiongmei , Peng Kun , Bonrath Werner , Zhang Zili , Zhu Zhibin , Xing Yuehan , Wang Xiaoyan , Gao Bo , Medlock Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA novel, industrially viable synthetic route to (+)‐biotin has been developed starting from L‐cysteine via the known key thiolactone intermediate. The route takes advantage of the in‐built stereochemistry of the cysteine starting material and the best features of the two current industrialized processes. The key transformations are the conversion of L‐cysteine into a hydantoin avoiding racemization followed by catalytic cyanation and thiolactonization to form the required thiolactone intermediate. This known intermediate can be readily further transformed into (+)‐biotin.
Cytocompatibility, cell‐material interaction, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblasts in contact with engineered Mg/PLA composites
Authors: Ali Wahaaj , Ordoño Jesus , Kopp Alexander , González Carlos , Echeverry‐Rendón Mónica , LLorca Javier 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBioabsorbable Mg wire‐reinforced poly‐lactic acid (PLA) matrix composites are potential candidate for load‐bearing orthopedic implants offering tailorable mechanical and degradation properties by stacking sequence, volume fraction and surface modification of Mg wires. In this study, we investigated the cytocompatibility, cell‐material interaction, and bone differentiation behavior of MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblast cells for medical‐grade PLA, Mg/PLA, and PEO‐Mg/PLA (having PEO surface modification on Mg wires) composites. MTT and live/dead assay showed excellent biocompatibility of both composites while cell‐material interaction analysis revealed that cells were able to adhere and proliferate on the surface of composites. Cells on the longitudinal surface of composites showed a high and uniform cell density while those on transversal surfaces initially avoided Mg regions but later migrated back after the formation of the passivation layer. Bone differentiation tests showed that cells in extracts of PLA and composites were able to initiate the differentiation process as osteogenesis‐related gene expressions, alkaline phosphatase protein quantity, and calcium mineralization increased after 7 and 14 days of culture. Interestingly, the bone differentiation response of PEO‐Mg/PLA composite was found to be similar to medical‐grade PLA, proving its superiority over Mg/PLA composite.
Association of computed tomography‐derived muscle mass and quality with delayed acquisition independent walking after cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Shimizu Kazuya , Matsuzawa Ryota , Nakamura Shinya , Murakawa Keita , Kawakami Hideo , Tabuchi Masaki , Ohnaka Motoaki , Matsumori Masamichi , Tamaki Akira 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the context of cardiovascular surgery, the foremost concern lies in delayed functional recovery, as typified by the acquisition of independent walking after surgery, among older patients with decline in skeletal muscle mass and quality. Computed tomography (CT), which is typically employed for the preoperative assessment of pathological conditions in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, is also suitable for screening for potential decline in skeletal muscle mass and quality. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive capabilities of CT‐derived parameters such as muscle mass and muscle quality for the delayed acquisition of independent walking in the postoperative period.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled consecutive Japanese patients who underwent elective cardiovascular surgery between May 2020 and January 2023. In total, 139 patients were included in the analyses. Based on the preoperative CT image, the psoas muscle volume index (PMVI) and psoas muscle attenuation (PMA) were calculated. Information on patient characteristics, including preoperative physical fitness such as handgrip strength/body mass index (GS/BMI), short physical performance battery (SPPB), and 6‐min walking distance (6MWD), were obtained from the medical records. We defined delayed acquisition of independent walking after surgery as the inability to walk 100 m within 4 days after surgery.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 72 (interquartile: 64–78) years, and 74.8% (104/139) were men; 47.5% corresponded to the delayed group. The areas under the curves of SPPB, GS/BMI, 6MWD, PMVI, and PMA against delayed acquisition of independent walking after surgery were 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59 to 0.77], 0.72 (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.80), 0.73 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.82), 0.69 (95% CI: 0.60 to 0.78), and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70 to 0.85), respectively. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, low PMA was significantly associated with delayed acquisition of independent walking even after adjustment for patient characteristics including physical fitness [model 1: SPPB (OR, 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03–1.25), model 2: GS/BMI (OR, 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03–1.25), and model 3: 6MWD (OR, 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03–1.25)], but PMVI was not.ConclusionsOur study revealed a strong association between PMA, a marker of CT‐derived muscle quality, and the postoperative delay in achieving independent walking in patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery. The technique to obtain information on muscle quality during the time period before surgery may be an option for timely therapeutic intervention in patients who may have delayed acquisition of independent walking after surgery.
The use of ultrasound for noninvasive monitoring of anesthetic effects in renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Wang Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveCompared with the use of ultrasound for noninvasive monitoring of the anesthetic sodium pentobarbital versus tribromoethanol in an animal model of renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats.MethodsAdult rats were randomly assigned to a renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury model, and preoperative anesthetics were administered as either sodium pentobarbital or tribromoethanol. Color Doppler ultrasound and spectral Doppler ultrasound were used to detect changes in respiratory rate and heart rate during and after the surgery, as well as measure renal hemodynamic parameters including peak systolic velocity, end‐diastolic velocity, and resistance index.ResultsThe frequency of changes in respiration and heart rate was significantly higher in the sodium pentobarbital anesthesia group compared to the tribromoethanol anesthesia group. The peak systolic velocity and end‐diastolic velocity values in the sodium pentobarbital anesthesia group were significantly lower than those in the tribromoethanol group. However, the resistance index in the sodium pentobarbital group was higher than that in the tribromoethanol group.ConclusionUltrasound can be used to dynamically monitor the effects of anesthesia during the experiment, including changes in respiratory rate and heart rate, as well as semi‐quantitatively monitor hemodynamic changes in the kidneys, which indirectly reflects whole‐body hemodynamic changes in rats.