bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membangun Teologi Kebersamaan Melalui Tradisi Julu Nuru Masyarakat Manggarai
Authors: Ignasius Anang Setia Darmanto  
Published: May 2024

Culture is a place to build theology. This paper tries to explain the theology of togetherness that was built through the julu nuru tradition of the Manggarai community. The methodology used in this paper is a literature study to explore the values of togetherness in the julu nuru tradition in order to build dialogue within the theological framework. The julu nuru tradition is an activity of distributing meat evenly to a certain group. The concept of sharing is the forerunner of the theology of togetherness. The julu nuru tradition presupposes that there is a living situation in togetherness so that a constructive dialogue can be created. The theology of togetherness through the julu nuru culture is the foundation for Indonesian life which emphasizes the spirit of mutual cooperation. The concept of julu nuru can be an inspiration for the Indonesian people to continue to foster the spirit of brotherhood and solidarity in the midst of ethnic, religious, racial, and inter-group diversity. The essence of life is sharing with others. Dialogue means sharing experiences to build the common good together.

Budaya adalah salah satu tempat untuk membangun teologi. Tulisan ini mencoba menjelaskan teologi kebersamaan yang dibangun melalui tradisi julu nuru masyarakat Manggarai. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah studi literatur untuk menggali nilai-nilai kebersamaan dalam tradisi julu nuru dalam rangka membangun dialog dalam kerangka teologis. Tradisi julu nuru merupakan kegiatan pembagian daging secara merata kepada kelompok tertentu. Konsep berbagi merupakan cikal bakal teologi kebersamaan. Tradisi julu nuru mengandaikan adanya situasi yang hidup dalam kebersamaan sehingga dapat tercipta dialog yang konstruktif. Teologi kebersamaan melalui budaya julu nuru merupakan landasan kehidupan bangsa Indonesia yang mengedepankan semangat gotong royong. Konsep julu nuru dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi masyarakat Indonesia untuk terus menumbuhkan semangat persaudaraan dan solidaritas di tengah keragaman suku, agama, ras dan antar golongan. Inti dari hidup adalah berbagi dengan orang lain. Dialog berarti berbagi pengalaman untuk membangun kebaikan bersama.

Kata-kata kunci: julu nuru, budaya, dialog, kebersamaan, sharing.
Du cinéma comme expérience esthétique et éducation à la vie esthétique
Authors: Kerlan Alain 
Published: May 2024

L’expérience esthétique propre au cinéma s’enracine dans l’impression de réalité, cette demi-croyance que tout spectateur accorde aux images et aux événements du film qui, littéralement, le saisissent. Le film fait plus que se dérouler sous les yeux du spectateur; il y est immergé, le film l’enveloppe, le plonge dans un monde sensible, sonore et visuel, proprioceptif même. L’éducation esthétique propre au cinéma ne peut donc prendre appui sur la phénoménologie classique centrée sur le face-à-face distancié d’un sujet et d’un monde séparés, sur le modèle de la vision, et de ce point de vue, les pédagogies misant essentiellement sur l’analyse filmique ne peuvent suffire; l’éducation esthétique propre au cinéma trouve aujourd’hui de meilleurs fondements dans les nouvelles phénoménologies donnant la priorité au sensible immersif, aux « atmosphères », et déjà dans la phénoménologie de Merleau-Ponty. Ce caractère immersif rapproche tout particulièrement l’expérience cinématographique de l’expérience ordinaire accomplie, comme prototype de l’expérience esthétique selon Dewey. Le film lui-même en tant que récit possède plusieurs des caractéristiques de l’expérience esthétique prototypique, notamment l’unicité. Une éducation esthétique au cinéma comme art ne peut se tenir du seul côté de la réception; elle doit aussi prendre en compte la création comme expérience esthétique, et donc associer ces deux faces de l’expérience esthétique. Dans cette association, le cinéma peut contribuer à l’éducation de la vie esthétique, du rapport esthétique au monde; la pensée, le regard et la sensibilité éduqués par le cinéma rendent ainsi au monde ce que le cinéma lui a emprunté : c’est bien en tant que « conscience jetée dans le monde » que nous regardons, vivons, comprenons et éprouvons le film.
Vertrauensschutz im Steuerrecht aus Sicht der Verwaltung
Authors: Myßen Michael 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Vertrauensschutz hat allgemein auch für die Finanzverwaltung einen hohen Stellenwert. Dies gilt auch in den Fallkonstellationen, in denen der BFH in einer Entscheidung von einer für den Steuerpflichtigen günstigen Verwaltungsauffassung abweicht. Bei der insoweit erforderlichen Anpassung der Verwaltungsanweisung spielen auch Vertrauensschutzaspekte eine Rolle.
Vertrauensschutz im Schweizer Steuerrecht – Steuerruling als effiziente Vertrauensgrundlage
Authors: Hinny Pascal 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Kurzbericht gibt einen Überblick über den Vertrauensschutz im Schweizer Steuerrecht gegenüber bisheriger Gesetzgebung, Rechtsprechung, Verwaltungspraxis, Veranlagungspraxis und individuellen behördlichen Auskünften (v.a. Steuerrulings). Hervorzuheben ist, dass insbesondere eine geänderte Rechtsprechung oder Verwaltungspraxis (sog. Praxisänderung) sofort auf alle noch nicht rechtskräftig veranlagten Sachverhalte anwendbar ist. Das in der Schweizer Steuerpraxis häufig genutzte Instrument des Steuerrulings führt auf effiziente Weise zu einer großen Rechtssicherheit.
Die neuen Eisenbahn-Kundenrechte: Übersicht, erste Erfahrungen und Einordnungen
Authors: Hilpert-Janßen Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Im vergangenen Jahr gab es bei den Kundenrechten im Eisenbahnverkehr einige Änderungen und Ankündigungen von weiteren Neuregelungen. So traten im Sommer 2023 nicht nur wesentliche Teile der Verordnung (EU) 2021/782 in Kraft, sondern es wurde auch das nationale Eisenbahnrecht novelliert. Mit den Änderungen im deutschen Recht wurden neben Anpassungen auf Grund des neuen EU-Rechts auch weitergehende Ansprüche für Kunden eingeführt, allerdings wurde auch von der in der Verordnung (EU) 2021/782 vorhandenen Option für Ausnahmen Gebrauch gemacht. Unter dem Datum des 29.11.2023 initiierte die EU-Kommission schließlich mehrere Verordnungsvorschläge und eine delegierte Verordnung, jeweils mit dem Schwerpunkt im multimodalen Bereich.
Superductile, Wavy Silica Nanostructures Inspired by Diatom Algae
Authors: Garcia Andre P. , Pugno Nicola , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBiology implements intriguing structural design principles that allow for attractive mechanical properties—such as high strength, toughness, and extensibility despite being made of weak and brittle constituents, as observed in biomineralized structures. For example, diatom algae contain nanoporous hierarchical silicified shells, called frustules, which provide mechanical protection from predators and virus penetration. These frustules generally have a morphology resembling honeycombs within honeycombs, meshes, or wavy shapes, and are surprisingly tough when compared to bulk silica, which is one of the most brittle materials known. However, the reason for its extreme extensibility has not been explained from a molecular level upwards. By carrying out a series of molecular dynamics simulations with the first principles‐based reactive force field ReaxFF, the mechanical response of the structures is elucidated and correlated with underlying deformation mechanisms. Specifically, it is shown that for wavy silica, unfolding mechanisms are achieved for increasing amplitude and allow for greater ductility of up to 270% strain. This mechanism is reminiscent to the uncoiling of hidden length from proteins that allows for enhanced energy dissipation capacity and, as a result, toughness. We report the development of an analytical continuum model that captures the results from atomistic simulations and can be used in multiscale models to bridge to larger scales. Our results demonstrate that tuning the geometric parameters of amplitude and width in wavy silica nanostructures are beneficial in improving the mechanical properties, including enhanced deformability, effectively overcoming the intrinsic shortcomings of the base material that features extreme brittleness.
Gender differences in oral health in South Asia: Metadata imply multifactorial biological and cultural causes
Authors: Lukacs John R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjects:This study was designed to examine the magnitude and etiology of gender differences in oral health. South Asia was selected for study because sex differences in caries rates exist in prehistory here, great cultural diversity provides context, and clinical reports document caries by gender.Methods:A literature survey yielded extensive data on caries rates in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. The percentage of individuals with caries (prevalence) and the mean number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (experience) comprise the data. Statistical tests for gender differences come from published sources or were independently computed.Results:Higher caries rates were found more often among females than males. The data show that: (a) in male children caries rates are greater than, or equal to, female rates, (b) the gender bias reverses (F > M caries rates) from adolescence through the reproductive years, (c) mature adults typically exhibit significant differences, with higher caries rates in females, (d) a male gender bias in adults is rare, and (e) though some studies find no significant gender difference in caries, a female bias dominates. Tooth loss is also greater in women than men and often results from caries (vs. periodontal disease).Conclusions:The gender gap in oral health exists in South Asia and results from genetic, hormonal, and cultural influences. Three cultural factors contribute to this gender gap South Asia: (a) the relative value of sons and daughters, (b) frequent fasting among Hindu women, and (c) the belief that dietary restrictions result in easier childbirth. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fette und Öle als nachwachsende Rohstoffe in der Chemie
Authors: Biermann Ursula , Bornscheuer Uwe , Meier Michael A. R. , Metzger Jürgen O. , Schäfer Hans J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPflanzliche und tierische Öle und Fette waren und sind die wichtigsten nachwachsenden Rohstoffe der chemischen Industrie. In den vergangenen zehn Jahren hat eine beträchtliche Verlagerung der oleochemischen Produktion sowohl geographisch als auch hinsichtlich des Rohstoffs stattgefunden: von Nordamerika und Westeuropa nach Südostasien bzw. von Rindertalg zu Palmöl. Es wird in den kommenden Jahren von großer Bedeutung sein, neue Ölpflanzen mit gewünschten interessanten Eigenschaften für die chemische Nutzung einzuführen und anzubauen, was auch die agrokulturelle Biodiversität erhöhen könnte. Das Problem der industriellen Nutzung von Pflanzenölen, die vorzugsweise Nahrungsmittel sind, ist mit der Entwicklung der globalen Biodieselproduktion dringlicher geworden. Im Folgenden werden die bemerkenswerten Fortschritte diskutiert, die während des letzten Jahrzehnts mit Pflanzenölen und den daraus erhaltenen oleochemischen Basischemikalien in der organischen Synthese, der Katalyse und der Biotechnologie gemacht wurden. Diese in großem Maßstab als nachwachsende Kohlenstoffquelle zur Verfügung stehenden Rohstoffe können beispielsweise über eine ω‐Funktionalisierung von Fettsäuren mit inneren Doppelbindungen, die Anwendung der Olefinmetathese oder die De‐novo‐Synthese von Fettsäuren zu wichtigen Produkten der chemischen Industrie veredelt werden.
Release of fluorescent markers from phase‐separated gelatin‐maltodextrin hydrogels
Authors: Khan Rizwan S. , Nickerson Michael T. , Paulson Allan T. , Rousseau Dérick 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGenipin‐crosslinked gelatin‐maltodextrin phase‐separated hydrogels consisting of gelatin‐continuous or bicontinuous microstructures were developed to regulate swelling and release behavior of four fluorescent markers of varying molecular weights [(fluorescein (332 Da) and FITC‐dextrans (FD) (4000–250,000 Da)]. Bicontinuous hydrogels showed significantly greater swelling than gelatin‐continuous hydrogels under all conditions (at pH 1.5 and 7.4 and three genipin/gelatin crosslinking ratios) (P < 0.05). With both microstructures, fluorescein showed the largest release rate and total release followed by FD 4000 Da, FD 40,000 Da, and FD 250,000 Da (P < 0.05). Marker molecular weight, pH, and crosslink ratio all affected the rate and amount of release. The mode of transport for the solvent and all markers was Fickian or slightly anomalous, with diffusional exponent (n) values ranging from 0.35 to 0.64. These results demonstrated that with the proper combination of crosslink density, solvent pH, and microstructure, hydrogels with a specified swelling behavior may be developed. This, coupled with a marker of appropriate size, can lead to controllable levels and rates of release. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Morphology, rheological, crystallization behavior, and mechanical properties of poly(L‐lactide)/ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate blends with different VA contents
Authors: Li Yanli , Liu Li , Shi Yunyun , Xiang Fangming , Huang Ting , Wang Yong , Zhou Zuowan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPoly(L‐lactide)/ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate (PLLA/EVA) blends with different contents of Vinyl Acetate (VA) in EVA phase were prepared through melt blending process. Although the composition of the blends was invariant (70/30), different phase morphologies were observed, namely, sea‐island morphologies for the blends with VA contents of 7.5, 18, and 28 wt %, whereas approximate co‐continuous morphology for the blend with VA content of 40 wt % was observed. The interfacial interaction between PLLA and EVA was visualized by Fourier transform infrared and rheological measurements. The nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization behaviors of the blends were investigated by wide angle X‐ray diffraction, Differential scanning calorimetry, and polarization optical microscope. Post‐thermal treatment was applied to improve the crystalline structure of PLLA. The results show that all the samples are mainly in amorphous state during the injection molding process. However, annealing promotes the second crystallization of PLLA matrix, leading to the improvement of the crystalline structure. Especially, the effect of annealing on crystalline structure of PLLA matrix is greatly dependent on the VA content of EVA. As expected, addition of EVA results in the improvement of the ductility and fracture toughness of the blends. The decreased tensile modulus and tensile strength can be enhanced through annealing process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Investigating the accuracy of prediction pressure by laplace law in pressure‐garment applications
Authors: Aghajani Marzie , Jeddi Ali A. A. , Tehran M. Amani 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTo suitably treat and cure special skin damage, the exertion of pressure on the injured limb is advised by therapists. This type of therapy is called pressure therapy. Currently, pressure therapy is performed with pressure garments on the tissue. In all pressure‐garment applications, the amount of exerted pressure on the limb is very essential, and the success of treatment is extremely dependent on this pressure. Accordingly, the accurate prediction of exerted pressure is very important. Until now, in most related articles and researches, Laplace law has been used as the pressure predictor equation. In this study, the accuracy of Laplace law for two types of structures, elastic fabric and rubber, were investigated. The obtained results indicate that the measured pressure in all specimens was considerably more than that predicted by Laplace law. Therefore, the accuracy of Laplace law was proven to be inefficient for the prediction of pressure, and as such, more investigation is recommended. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Pervaporation separation of IPA‐water mixtures through 4A zeolite‐filled sodium alginate membranes
Authors: Sudhakar H. , Venkata Prasad C. , Sunitha K. , Chowdoji Rao K. , Subha M. C. S. , Sridhar S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIncorporation of zeolites into natural polymers has been shown experimentally to enhance both the flux and selectivity in pervaporative dehydration separation of organic compounds. Pervaporation is a promising membrane technique for separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)/water mixtures. In this study, hydrophilic sodium alginate (SA) mixed membranes were prepared using solution casting technique by incorporating zeolites into the polymer matrix. The prepared membranes were characterized by ATR‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were tested in a laboratory scale pervaporation experimental set‐up. The effect of experimental parameters such as the type and composition of zeolites on permeation flux and selectivity was investigated. When tested on IPA‐water mixtures, the zeolite‐filled membrane was found to give much higher selectivity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Copolymer hydrogel microspheres consisting of modified sulfate chondroitin‐co‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)
Authors: Reis Adriano V. , Guilherme Marcos R. , S de Almeida Elizângela A. M. , Kunita Marcos H. , Muniz Edvani C. , Rubira Adley F. , Tambourgi Elias B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractModified chondroitin sulfate (π‐CdS) microspheres were synthesized by way of crosslinking‐copolymerization reaction with N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), yielding CdS‐co‐PNIPAAm copolymer network. The incorporation of vinyl groups onto the CdS was processed with the use of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in an aqueous solution of pH 3.5 under stirring speed of 800 rpm at 50°C. 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectra of CdS treated with the GMA indicated the formation of 3‐methacryloyl‐1‐glyceryl ester of π‐CdS and 3‐methacryloyl‐2‐glyceryl ester of π‐CdS that are the reaction products resultant of an epoxide ring‐opening mechanism via. The synthesis of microspheres was performed via radical reaction of the vinyl groups at the π‐CdS with vinyl groups at the NIPAAm in a water−benzyl alcohol microemulsion. The formation of spherical structures is the result of the polymerization‐crosslinking reaction of the π‐CdS with the NIPAAm monomers at the droplets of water, in view that both reactants have hydrophilic characteristics at the temperature at which the reaction was processed. The pure CdS hydrogel microspheres showed a slightly cracked structure with a lower diameter range while the CdS‐co‐PNIPAAm hydrogel microspheres showed a flat and tight structure with a more regular mass distribution. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Use of biocrude derived from woody biomass to substitute phenol at a high‐substitution level for the production of biobased phenolic resol resins
Authors: Cheng Shuna , D'Cruz Ian , Yuan Zhongshun , Wang Mingcun , Anderson Mark , Leitch Mathew , Xu Chunbao (Charles) 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPhenolic bio‐oil produced by the direct liquefaction of Eastern white pine (Pinus Strobus L.) sawdust in a hot‐compressed ethanol‐water (1:1 w/w) medium at 300 °C was used to partially substitute for phenol in the synthesis of bio‐oil‐phenol‐formaldehyde (BPF) resol resins. Bio‐based resol resins with high levels of phenol substitution (up to 75 wt%) could be used as plywood adhesives because of the low molecular weights found for the phenolic bio‐oil (weight‐average molecular weight = 1072 g/mol, number‐average molecular weight = 342 g/mol). The properties of the BPF resol resins were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. All of the experimental BPF resins possessed broad molecular weight distributions but had similar chemical/thermal properties compared to a conventional phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resol resin reference (or 0 wt % BPF resin). The BPFs exhibited the typical properties of a thermosetting PF resin, for example, an exothermic curing temperature of 140–150°C and an acceptable residual carbon yield of 48–72 wt % nonvolatile content at 700°C. The experimental BPFs were applied as adhesives in the assembly of plywood, and then, the dry/wet tensile strengths were evaluated. The tensile strengths of the dry plywood samples bonded with the BPF resins up to a high ratio value of 75 wt % bio‐oil exceeded or were comparable to that of the conventional pure PF resin adhesive. All of the BPF‐resin‐bonded plywood samples gave wet tensile strengths comparable to those of the conventional PF adhesive. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Flame‐retardant synergism of sepiolite and magnesium hydroxide in a linear low‐density polyethylene composite
Authors: Gul Rahmat , Islam Atif , Yasin Tariq , Mir Sadullah 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA synergistic effect on flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties was found when sepiolite was incorporated into a linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/magnesium hydroxide (MH) composite. Different amounts of sepiolite (up to a maximum concentration of 15 phr) were added to a standard LLDPE/MH formulation, and vinyltriethoxysilane was used as a compatibilizer as well as a crosslinking agent. The thermal stability and the oxidation induction time increased with increasing sepiolite content in the LLDPE composites. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) results indicated an increase in LOI with the addition of sepiolite, and an LOI value of 36.5% was observed with 15 phr sepiolite in the LLDPE/MH formulation. The addition of sepiolite increased the gel content and tensile strength of all samples and lowered the elongation at break. The heat deflection, Vicat softening temperature, and hardness were also improved by the incorporation of sepiolite. This synergistic behavior of sepiolite with MH could be used in halogen‐free, flame‐retardant LLDPE formulations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Novel physical hydrogels composed of opened‐ring poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and chitosan derivatives: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Abashzadeh S. , Hajimiri M. H. , Atyabi F. , Amini M. , Dinarvand R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel, physically stabilized hydrogel system composed of chitosan (Chi) or its derivatives [e.g., carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), sodium carboxymethyl chitosan, or trimethyl carboxymethyl chitosan (TMCMC)] with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) or opened‐ring poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (OR–PVP) were prepared and characterized. TMCMC was synthesized by a novel method with dimethylsulfate as the methylation agent. The synthesized materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and size exclusion chromatography. The mechanical properties, gel fraction, swelling behavior, and water state of the prepared hydrogels were investigated. Gelation occurred when the OR–PVP and Chi solutions were blended within a few seconds. However, the gelation of the OR–PVP and CMC solutions needed pH adjustment. No gelation occurred when the solutions of TMCMC and PVP or OR–PVP were blended. The quaternization or protonization of NH2 groups may have prevented the gelation of the solutions. The amino groups of Chi derivatives should have been free to take part in hydrophilic bonds between the two polymers. The physical entanglement of polymeric chains and strong hydrogen bonds between the polymers were considered as mechanisms for the formation of the physical hydrogels. The physical hydrogels showed ionic and pH‐sensitive swelling properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011