bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Aesthetics
Authors: Taylor Paul 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article introduces the preoccupations and themes that define the study and practice of black aesthetics. It presents a provisional sketch of a field that has long been recognized in other humanities disciplines, but that is only now gaining wide notice in academic philosophy. This sketch emphasizes the aspects of the field that invite specifically philosophic scrutiny, while touching lightly on specific artworks, critical literatures and historical developments. Among the topics that receive attention are the following: race, aesthetic politics, creolization, nationalism, modernity, white supremacy and the blues.
Moral Luck and the Law
Authors: Enoch David 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIs there a difference in moral blameworthiness between a murderer and an attempted murderer? Should there be a legal difference between them? These questions are particular instances of the question of moral luck and legal luck (respectively). In this paper, I survey and explain the main argumentative moves within the general philosophical discussion of moral luck. I then discuss legal luck, and the different ways in which this discussion may be related to that of moral luck.
Gender and the Religion of Ancient Egypt
Authors: Onstine Suzanne 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article will address the issue of gender within the framework of ancient Egyptian religion. Two primary areas of importance will be explored; the role of gender in the divine world, and the role of gender for the practitioners of the religion. The religion of ancient Egypt was especially concerned with aspects of gender because of their focus on fertility and spiritual rebirth, concepts which were often expressed using gendered language and visual metaphors. The second part of the article explores the ways in which women negotiated the primarily male dominated religious hierarchy. The practice of Egyptian religion was also affected because of the gender roles that men and women played in their society. The temple was not simply a religious edifice, but also had administrative aspects that women were normally excluded from. This did not mean women were excluded from meaningful participation in the cult, but rather they forged an identity based on providing music for the cult in various ways.
Organising pneumonia associated with fumaric acid ester treatment for psoriasis
Authors: Deegan Alexander Paul , Kirby Brian , Rogers Sarah , Crotty Tom Bernard , McDonnell Timonthy John 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  We present the case of a 49‐year old male who presented with dyspnoea, cough, weight loss, night sweats and general malaise. He had been on treatment with oral fumaric acid esters (FAE, Fumaderm®; Biogen Idec GmbH, Ismaning, Germany) for 6 months.Methods:  Report of a case.Results:  His chest X‐ray showed patchy infiltrates in the left upper lobe which failed to resolve under empiric antibiotic therapy. A computed tomography of thorax revealed bilateral, mostly peripheral foci of consolidation with air bronchograms. Transbronchial biopsies showed a pattern of organising pneumonia (OP).Conclusions:  Therapy with oral prednisolone (40 mg/day) resulted in a rapid clinical and radiological improvement. An association of FAE and OP has not previously been reported.Please cite this paper as: Deegan AP, Kirby B, Rogers S, Crotty TB and McDonnell TJ. Organising pneumonia associated with fumaric acid ester treatment for psoriasis. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2010; 4: 248–251.
Multiplex-PCR Method for Species Identification of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Tsubakishita Sae , Tanaka Yoshikazu , Sakusabe Arihito , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Hirotaki Shintaro , Kawakami Tetsuji , Fukata Tsuneo , Hiramatsu Keiichi 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

In veterinary medicine, coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) other than
Staphylococcus aureus
have frequently been misidentified as being
S. aureus
strains, as they have several phenotypic traits in common. There has been no reliable method to distinguish among CoPS species in veterinary clinical laboratories. In the present study, we sequenced the thermonuclease (
nuc
) genes of staphylococcal species and devised a multiplex-PCR (M-PCR) method for species identification of CoPS by targeting the
nuc
gene locus. To evaluate sensitivity and specificity, we used this M-PCR method on 374 staphylococcal strains that had been previously identified to the species level by an
hsp60
sequencing approach. We could successfully distinguish between
S. aureus
,
S. hyicus
,
S. schleiferi
,
S. intermedius
,
S. pseudintermedius
, and
S. delphini
groups A and B. The present method was both sensitive (99.8%) and specific (100%). Our M-PCR assay will allow the routine species identification of CoPS isolates from various animal species for clinical veterinary diagnosis.
Genetic Relationships among Reptilian and Mammalian
Campylobacter fetus
Strains Determined by Multilocus Sequence Typing
Authors: Dingle Kate E. , Blaser Martin J. , Tu Zheng-Chao , Pruckler Janet , Fitzgerald Collette , van Bergen Marcel A. P. , Lawson Andrew J. , Owen Robert J. , Wagenaar Jaap A. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Reptile
Campylobacter fetus
isolates and closely related strains causing human disease were characterized by multilocus sequence typing. They shared ∼90% nucleotide sequence identity with classical mammalian
C. fetus
, and there was evidence of recombination among members of these two groups. The reptile group represents a possible separate genomospecies capable of infecting humans.
Comprehensive Analysis of a Norovirus-Associated Gastroenteritis Outbreak, from the Environment to the Consumer
Authors: Le Guyader Françoise S. , Krol Joanna , Ambert-Balay Katia , Ruvoen-Clouet Nathalie , Desaubliaux Benedicte , Parnaudeau Sylvain , Le Saux Jean-Claude , Ponge Agnès , Pothier Pierre , Atmar Robert L. , Le Pendu Jacques 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTNoroviruses have been recognized to be the predominant agents of nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks in humans, and their transmission via contaminated shellfish consumption has been demonstrated. Norovirus laboratory experiments, volunteer challenge studies, and community gastroenteritis outbreak investigations have identified human genetic susceptibility factors related to histo-blood group antigen expression. Following a banquet in Brittany, France, in February 2008, gastroenteritis cases were linked to oyster consumption. This study identified an association of the norovirus illnesses with histo-blood group expression, and oyster contamination with norovirus was confirmed by qualitative and quantitative analyses. The secretor phenotype was associated with illness, especially for the non-A subgroup. The study showed that, in addition to accidental climatic events that may lead to oyster contamination, illegal shellfish collection and trading are also risk factors associated with outbreaks.
Cytotoxic Effects of
Klebsiella oxytoca
Strains Isolated from Patients with Antibiotic-Associated Hemorrhagic Colitis or Other Diseases Caused by Infections and from Healthy Subjects
Authors: Joainig Martina M. , Gorkiewicz Gregor , Leitner Eva , Weberhofer Paul , Zollner-Schwetz Ines , Lippe Irmgard , Feierl Gebhard , Krause Robert , Hinterleitner Thomas , Zechner Ellen L. , Högenauer Christoph 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC) is associated with
Klebsiella oxytoca
. This study analyzed whether cytotoxic properties are linked to specific subtypes of
K. oxytoca. Klebsiella
isolates from stools of AAHC patients, healthy carriers, and diarrhea patients as well as from infections of other organs were investigated. Cytotoxic effects on human epithelial cells were limited to the species
K. oxytoca
and were not detectable for any other
Klebsiella
species. Isolates from AAHC patients and from stools showed the highest proportion of cytotoxic strains. Urinary or respiratory tract isolates exhibited no cytotoxicity. Macrorestriction profiling of strains revealed no genetic relationships of AAHC isolates or the cytotoxic phenotype but identified that different
K. oxytoca
strains with different cytotoxic behaviors may be prevalent in the same AAHC patient. Under laboratory conditions, cytotoxicity was maximally effective after exponential bacterial growth and then declined despite the continued viability of
K. oxytoca
cells in culture. Given its capacity to induce AAHC and that a high proportion of stool isolates tested cytotoxin positive, we argue that
K. oxytoca
should be considered an opportunistic pathogen if detected in stools. The ability to induce disease after antibiotic treatment most likely represents an overgrowth of the toxin-producing bacterium due to an alteration of the normal colonic microflora.
Evaluation of Sensititre Plates for Identification of Clinically Relevant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Authors: Garza-González Elvira , Morfin-Otero Rayo , Macedo Pedro , Gonzalez Gloria M. , Llaca-Díaz Jorge M. , Perez-Gómez Raul , Rodriguez-Noriega Eduardo 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Coagulase-negative staphylococcus isolates were identified using Sensititre GPID plates and API strips (
n
= 156). For selected isolates, partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA,
sodA
, and
tuf
genes was performed. The Sensititre plates correctly identified 68.9% of isolates, with a concordance of 86% for
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
and 73% for
Staphylococcus epidermidis
.
The p38 Signaling Pathway Upregulates Expression of the Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Oncogene
Authors: Johansson Pegah , Jansson Ann , Rüetschi Ulla , Rymo Lars 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded LMP1 oncogene has a role in transformation, proliferation, and metastasis of several EBV-associated tumors. Furthermore, LMP1 is critically involved in transformation and growth of EBV-immortalized B cellsin vitro. The oncogenic properties of LMP1 are attributed to its ability to upregulate anti-apoptotic proteins and growth signals. The transcriptional regulation of LMP1 is dependent on the context of cellular and viral proteins present in the cell. Here, we investigated the effect of several signaling pathways on the regulation of LMP1 expression. Inhibition of p38 signaling, using p38-specific inhibitors SB203580 and SB202190, downregulated LMP1 in estrogen-induced EREB2.5 cells. Similarly, p38 inhibition decreased trichostatin A-induced LMP1 expression in P3HR1 cells. Exogenous expression of p38 in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) led to an increase in LMP1 promoter activity in reporter assays, and this activation was mediated by the previously identified CRE site in the promoter. Inhibition of p38 by SB203580 and p38-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) also led to a modest decrease in endogenous LMP1 expression in LCLs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated decreased binding of CREB-ATF1 to the CRE site in the LMP1 promoter after inhibition of the p38 pathway in EREB2.5 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that an increase in p38 activation upregulates LMP1 expression. Since p38 is activated in response to stimuli such as stress or possibly primary infection, a transient upregulation of LMP1 in response to p38 may allow the cells to escape apoptosis. Since the p38 pathway itself is activated by LMP1, our results also suggest the presence of an autoregulatory loop in LMP1 upregulation.
InSAR mapping and modelling of an active Iranian salt extrusion
Authors: Aftabi Pedram , Roustaie Mahasa , Alsop G.Ian , Talbot Christopher J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract:

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imaging is a powerful technique that is increasingly used to extract detailed 3D information on Earth surface structures, including exposed diapiric surfaces. We have used InSAR to map, for the first time, the cumulative surface deformation in a 6 km × 6 km region surrounding an active salt diapir (Syahoo) and its associated surface salt flow (or namakier) exposed in the Zagros Mountains of southern Iran. Images provided by the European Space Agency were acquired in 12 increments (ranging in length between 35 and 1248 days) over a 14 year interval between July 1992 and May 2006. The deformation of the salt surface is non-steady, with (extrapolated) rates of displacement varying between surficial uplifts of +1.4 mm day
−1
(+511 mm a
−1
) and subsidence of −2.2 mm day
−1
(−803 mm a
−1
). Growth of a central topographic dome occurs following short wet intervals to create a salt fountain morphology, which then slowly decays during the intervening long dry periods. Salt associated with dynamic ‘bulging' of the central dome during wet intervals may flow laterally via gravity spreading into the surrounding salt sheet, resulting in deflation and subsidence of the dome, which is counteracted by growth and inflation of the adjacent namakiers. Salt ‘bulges' that migrate down the namakier, resulting in local inflationary and deflationary cycles of the surface, may be regarded as episodic pulses of gravity spreading. Areas of inflation and deflation are also observed to commonly reverse during dry to wet periods, as the overall salt system effectively self regulates as it continually strives for dynamic equilibrium. As long as the source of salt remains undepleted, gravity spreading of the dome ultimately results in more buoyancy-driven salt flowing up the diapiric neck to replenish and feed the extrusion and maintain the gross fountain morphology.
New time constraints on lithospheric-scale oroclinal bending of the Ibero-Armorican Arc: a palaeomagnetic study of earliest Permian rocks from Iberia
Authors: Weil Arlo , Gutiérrez-alonso Gabriel , Conan Jordan 
Published: January 2010

Abstract:The Palaeozoic Variscan orogeny was a large-scale collisional event that involved amalgamation of multiple continents and microcontinents. Previous palaeomagnetic and structural analyses of the western Variscan orogen, notably the Ibero-Armorican Arc, suggest that this region underwent oroclinal bending of an originally near-linear orogen during the latest stages of Variscan deformation in the late Palaeozoic. These analyses necessitate a two-stage tectonic history with east–west compression forming a linear belt in the Carboniferous, followed by a change in regional compression directions resulting in crustal block rotation and formation of the present-day arc. This study presents new palaeomagnetic analyses of Early Permian samples from the Sotres and Cabranes formations (41.3°N, 222.5°W, α95= 13.1°) in the northern inner limb and the Viar Basin (51.8°N, 199.2°W, α95= 6.7°) in the southern outer limb of the arc. Both locations yield expected Early Permian palaeomagnetic pole positions for stable Iberia, implying that measured magnetizations have undergone no significant vertical-axis rotation since acquisition, and thus were acquired subsequent to oroclinal bending. This new result places a time constraint of about 10 Ma for oroclinal bending of the Ibero-Armorican Arc, which agrees well with recent geodynamical models that relate oroclinal bending to lithospheric delamination in this region.
Magnetotelluric characterization of a salt diapir: a case study on Bicorb–Quesa Diapir (Prebetic Zone, SE Spain)
Authors: Rubinat M. , Ledo J. , Roca E. , Rosell O. , Queralt P. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract:
The availability of geophysical data to determine the geometry at depth of a salt diapir and its surrounding structure is essential because of the complexity and changing geometry of these structures. For this purpose, potential field methods are commonly the first steps in subsurface exploration whereas seismic techniques are applied in later stages. However, the magnetotelluric method (MT) may fill the gap between the precision and the time that these two methods entail. To prove the usefulness of the MT method, it has been applied to the Bicorb–Quesa Diapir. This diapir is composed of evaporitic rocks piercing an overburden of carbonate rocks, providing a wide and contrasting range of electrical resistivity values. In this situation, the MT method may provide a coherent and realistic image of the subsurface. The application of the MT method has allowed us to (1) recognize a basement fault with a vertical throw of 1000 m, (2) elucidate the shape of the diapir, which is asymmetrical, with a north wall vertical and south wall dipping southwards, and (3) determine that all of the Late Triassic salt is concentrated in the diapir core.

Supplementary material:

Original curves and the model adjustments are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18386
.
Anatomy, age and evolution of a collisional mountain belt: the Baltoro granite batholith and Karakoram Metamorphic Complex, Pakistani Karakoram
Authors: Searle M.P. , Parrish R.R. , Thow A.V. , Noble S.R. , Phillips R.J. , Waters D.J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract:

Geological mapping and U–(Th)–Pb geochronology from the Karakoram Metamorphic Complex and Baltoro granite batholith has resulted in more detailed timing constraints on tectonic evolution of Asian crust. During and following collision and accretion of the Kohistan Arc and the Indian plate to the southern margin of Asia, crustal thickening along the Karakoram resulted in polyphase deformation, metamorphism and melting. U–Pb zircon and monazite ages show that kyanite- and sillimanite-grade metamorphism in the Baltoro region peaked during Oligocene–Early Miocene (
c
. 28–22 Ma) times. At structurally deeper levels sillimanite-grade migmatites of the Dassu dome have Pliocene (
c
. 5.4–3.5 Ma) ages. New U–Pb ages from crustal melt biotite + muscovite + garnet leucogranites from the Trango Towers, Cathedral peak and Paiyu peak across the Baltoro batholith range from 19.8 ± 0.5 Ma to perhaps as young as 14 Ma. Using data from both the Hunza and Baltoro regions we suggest that regional high-grade metamorphism was diachronous in space and time and could have lasted continuously for at least 37 Ma (
c
. 50–13 Ma) or as much as 50 Ma (
c
. 63–13 Ma) along the southern margin of the Asian plate in the Karakoram. Crustal melting along the Baltoro granite batholith spanned at least 13 Ma (26.4–13 Ma).

Supplementary material:

Analytical methods and description of U–(Th)–Pb data of samples are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18382
.
High-resolution dynamics of Early Jurassic marine extinctions: the case of Pliensbachian–Toarcian ammonites (Cephalopoda)
Authors: Dera Guillaume , Neige Pascal , Dommergues Jean-Louis , Fara Emmanuel , Laffont Rémi , Pellenard Pierre 
Published: January 2010

Abstract:
The Pliensbachian–Toarcian interval was marked by major environmental disturbances and by a second-order mass extinction. Here, we reappraise the taxonomic, spatiotemporal and selective dynamics of extinctions over the whole interval, by analysing a high-resolution dataset of 772 ammonite species from NW Tethyan and Arctic domains. On average, 40–65% of ammonite species disappeared during each subchronozone, but higher extinction pulses (reaching 70–90%) prevailed from the Margaritatus to the Dispansum Chronozone. The main extinctions, corresponding to the Gibbosus, Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary, Semicelatum, Bifrons–Variabilis, and Dispansum events, differed in their dynamics, suggesting episodes of ecological stress related to climate change, regression, disturbance in the carbon cycle or anoxia. The multi-pulsed volcanic activity in the Karoo–Ferrar province could well have triggered these ecological changes. In addition, ammonites experienced a morphological bottleneck during the Gibbosus event, 1 Ma before the Early Toarcian diversity collapse. Typically, drops in richness were related both to high extinctions and to declines in origination rates. This feature could result from strengthened ecological stresses related to the temporal overlap of environmental disturbances. After the Early Toarcian crisis, the recovery of ammonites was rapid (2 Ma) and probably influenced by a coeval marine transgression.

Supplementary material:

Figures showing a comparison of extinction and origination patterns based on different datasets, and variations of the morphospace occupation are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18381
.
Prostate Cancer Risk Allele Specific for African Descent Associates with Pathologic Stage at Prostatectomy
Authors: Whitman Eric J. , Pomerantz Mark , Chen Yongmei , Chamberlin Michael M. , Furusato Bungo , Gao Chunling , Ali Amina , Ravindranath Lakshmi , Dobi Albert , Sestrehenn Isabell A. , McLeod David G. , Srivastava Shiv , Freedman Matthew , Petrovics Gyorgy 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Purpose: A region on chromosome 8q24 was recently identified as a novel prostate cancer risk locus. Inherited variation in this region is associated with prostate cancer risk in the general population (21-58%), and specific alleles show a strong association in African-American men. This study was designed to evaluate associations between 8q24 risk alleles and clinical variables, such as pathologic stage, age at diagnosis, and recurrence, in a case series of African-American men.
Experimental Design: Peripheral blood DNA samples from 114 African-American men with prostate cancer, including 106 who had undergone radical prostatectomy, were genotyped for six single-nucleotide polymorphisms on three 8q24 regions. The presence of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms was compared with clinicopathologic and follow-up data after radical prostatectomy.
Results: The mean age of diagnosis and follow-up time were 57.4 (±8.9) years and 49.1 (±31.6) months, respectively. Patients carrying the Broad11934905 A risk allele, which is specific for African ancestry, were more likely to have a higher pathologic stage (pT3-4) than individuals with the wild type (odds ratio, 4.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-14.14; P = 0.011). A trend toward increased frequency of and shorter time to biochemical recurrence was noted in patients with this risk allele on Kaplan-Meier unadjusted survival analysis (P = 0.076).
Conclusions: The Broad11934905 polymorphism at 8q24, which is only found in people of African ancestry, is associated with an increase in non-organ-confined prostate cancer at prostatectomy. In addition, for those with this risk allele, there is a trend toward early biochemical recurrence that requires validation in larger studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(1); 1–8