bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Facial Order for Torsion Classes
Authors: Hanson Eric J 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe generalize the “facial weak order” of a finite Coxeter group to a partial order on a set of intervals in a complete lattice. We apply our construction to the lattice of torsion classes of a finite-dimensional algebra and consider its restriction to intervals coming from stability conditions. We give two additional interpretations of the resulting “facial semistable order”: one using cover relations, and one using Bongartz completions of 2-term presilting objects. For $\tau $-tilting finite algebras, this allows us to prove that the facial semistable order is a semidistributive lattice. We then show that, in any abelian length category, our new partial order can be partitioned into a set of completely semidistributive lattices, one of which is the original lattice of torsion classes.
Is it Discriminatory to Mistreat a Migrant Domestic Worker? The Cases of Taiwo and Onu
Authors: Connolly Michael 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
When presented with images of the American plantations, seamstress sweatshops, Morecambe Bay’s Chinese cockle pickers or Qatar’s World Cup stadium builders, a sense of inequality will accompany any normal reaction of shock and revulsion. The exploitation of a group of migrant workers readily is characterised as racist, sexist or both. Yet, when reduced to the sole migrant worker, the legal recognition of discrimination is denied. In such cases, the UK Supreme Court posits a clear distinction between vulnerability and nationality. Not only does this seem somewhat doctrinal and lacking in principle, it produces a likely anomaly between the group and individual exploitation. It also stymies claims for the inevitable psychological harm. This paper presents a brief account of the plight of migrant workers in the UK and the legal landscape regarding trafficking. The main body presents a critical appraisal of the Supreme Court’s denial, in Taiwo v Olaigbe and Onu v Akwiwu, that the mistreatment of a sole migrant worker is not discriminatory. It demonstrates that equality law readily can recognise discrimination in such cases. This is followed by some considerations on policy and alternative remedies.
Maternal pre- and postpartum supplementation of a Bacillus-based DFM enhanced cow and calf performance
Authors: Izquierdo Vinicius S , Cappellozza Bruno I , Silva João V L , Santos Giovanna C M , Miranda André , Bittar João H J , Pickett Autumn , Mackey Shea , Cooke Reinaldo F , Vendramini João M B , Moriel Philipe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of maternal supplementation of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on the physiology and growth performance of Bos indicus-influenced cow–calf pairs. On day 0 (~139 d before expected calving date), 72 fall-calving, Brangus crossbred beef heifers (20 to 22 mo of age) pregnant with first offspring were stratified by their initial body weight (BW; 431 ± 31 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 6.0 ± 0.36; scale 1 to 9), and randomly allocated into 1 of 12 bahiagrass pastures (1 ha and six heifers per pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (six pastures per treatment) and consisted of heifers supplemented with 1 kg/d of soybean hulls (dry matter, DM) that was added (BAC) or not (CON) with DFM containing Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis (Bovacillus; Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark). Treatments were provided from days 0 to 242 (139 ± 4 d prepartum to 104 ± 4 d postpartum). Calves were weaned on day 242 (96 ± 30 d of age) and then allocated into 1 of 16 drylot pens and fed the same concentrate at 3.25% of BW (DM) until day 319. Maternal treatment effects were not detected (P ≥ 0.29) for herbage allowance and forage chemical composition. Heifer BCS on days 39 and 63 tended (P ≤ 0.09) to be greater for BAC vs. CON heifers, whereas heifer BCS on day 91 was greater (P = 0.01) for BAC vs. CON heifers. Heifer BCS did not differ (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments on days 179 and 242. Plasma glucose concentration did not differ from days 0 to 63 (P ≥ 0.14) but were greater (P &lt; 0.01) on day 179 and tended (P = 0.09) to be greater on day 242 for BAC vs. CON heifers. Calf BW at birth, ADG from birth to weaning, and BW at weaning did not differ (P ≥ 0.19) between treatments, but calf BW at drylot exit (day 319) was greater (P = 0.05) for BAC vs. CON calves. Maternal treatment effects were not detected (P ≥ 0.42) for calf serum concentration of IgG at birth and postvaccination plasma concentrations of glucose, cortisol, and haptoglobin. Serum titers against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were greater (P = 0.04) for BAC vs. CON calves on day 287, whereas seroconversion against parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3) was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for BAC vs. CON calves on day 271. Thus, maternal supplementation of a Bacillus-based DFM increased prepartum BCS gain and postpartum plasma glucose concentration of heifers and led to positive carryover effects on postweaning BW gain and humoral immune response in their offspring.
COVID-19 pediatric vaccine authorization, FDA authority, and individual misperception of risk
Authors: Sax Joanna K , Doran Neal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Vaccines are one component to the public health strategies to alleviate the COVID-19 pandemic. Hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines in the United States has been problematic, which is not surprising given increasing overall vaccine hesitancy in recent decades. Most vaccines are administered during childhood years. Consequently, understanding hesitancy toward administration of vaccines in this age group may provide insight into possible interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy. The present study analyzed a subset of over 130,000 public comments posted in response to a notice of meeting of the vaccine advisory group to the Food and Drug Administration. The meeting addressed whether to recommend Emergency Use Authorization (‘EUA’) of the COVID-19 vaccine for children ages 5–11. The results of the study demonstrate that most comments opposed EUA and these comments were associated with statements that indicated misperceptions of risk. Findings provide interesting insights regarding the role of public comments generally but also suggest that the public participation process in notice and comment can be modified to serve as an intervention to align individual perceptions of risk more closely with evidence-based assessment of risk. In addition, the findings provide opportunities to consider strategies for public health messaging.
Investigating the Interplay of Polar Nanodomains and Superconductivity in Doped Strontium Titanate through Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Salmani-Rezaie Salva 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The simultaneous presence of itinerant carriers and polar crystal distortions poses a persistent challenge, especially in polar superconductors such as doped strontium titanate (SrTiO3). This study employs scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to investigate the interplay between ferroelectricity and superconductivity in SrTiO3. Contrary to conventional models, the ferroelectric transition in strained, undoped SrTiO3 exhibits pronounced order-disorder characteristics. Increasing carrier concentration disrupts polar nanodomains, with dopant atoms contributing to the suppression of the ferroelectric transition. The destruction of the global ferroelectric state correlates with the suppression of superconductivity in strained SrTiO3 films, emphasizing the essential role of polar order. The length scale of polar order emerges as a crucial parameter controlling superconductivity in SrTiO3, providing valuable insights into the competition between itinerant carriers and polar crystal distortions.
The discovery of novel noncoding RNAs in 50 bacterial genomes
Authors: Narunsky Aya , Higgs Gadareth A , Torres Blake M , Yu Diane , de Andrade Gabriel Belem , Kavita Kumari , Breaker Ronald R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Structured noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) contribute to many important cellular processes involving chemical catalysis, molecular recognition and gene regulation. Few ncRNA classes are broadly distributed among organisms from all three domains of life, but the list of rarer classes that exhibit surprisingly diverse functions is growing. We previously developed a computational pipeline that enables the near-comprehensive identification of structured ncRNAs expressed from individual bacterial genomes. The regions between protein coding genes are first sorted based on length and the fraction of guanosine and cytidine nucleotides. Long, GC-rich intergenic regions are then examined for sequence and structural similarity to other bacterial genomes. Herein, we describe the implementation of this pipeline on 50 bacterial genomes from varied phyla. More than 4700 candidate intergenic regions with the desired characteristics were identified, which yielded 44 novel riboswitch candidates and numerous other putative ncRNA motifs. Although experimental validation studies have yet to be conducted, this rate of riboswitch candidate discovery is consistent with predictions that many hundreds of novel riboswitch classes remain to be discovered among the bacterial species whose genomes have already been sequenced. Thus, many thousands of additional novel ncRNA classes likely remain to be discovered in the bacterial domain of life.
MutationExplorer: a webserver for mutation of proteins and 3D visualization of energetic impacts
Authors: Philipp Michelle , Moth Christopher W , Ristic Nikola , Tiemann Johanna K S , Seufert Florian , Panfilova Aleksandra , Meiler Jens , Hildebrand Peter W , Stein Amelie , Wiegreffe Daniel , Staritzbichler René 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The possible effects of mutations on stability and function of a protein can only be understood in the context of protein 3D structure. The MutationExplorer webserver maps sequence changes onto protein structures and allows users to study variation by inputting sequence changes. As the user enters variants, the 3D model evolves, and estimated changes in energy are highlighted. In addition to a basic per-residue input format, MutationExplorer can also upload an entire replacement sequence. Previously the purview of desktop applications, such an upload can back-mutate PDB structures to wildtype sequence in a single step. Another supported variation source is human single nucelotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genomic coordinates input in VCF format. Structures are flexibly colorable, not only by energetic differences, but also by hydrophobicity, sequence conservation, or other biochemical profiling. Coloring by interface score reveals mutation impacts on binding surfaces. MutationExplorer strives for efficiency in user experience. For example, we have prepared 45 000 PDB depositions for instant retrieval and initial display. All modeling steps are performed by Rosetta. Visualizations leverage MDsrv/Mol*. MutationExplorer is available at: http://proteinformatics.org/mutation_explorer/.
D-TERMINED, a phase 1 trial in newly diagnosed high-grade glioma with temozolomide, radiation, and minocycline followed by adjuvant minocycline/temozolomide
Authors: McKean William B , Yang Jingye , Boucher Kenneth , Shrieve Dennis C , Suneja Gita , Salzman Karen , Jensen Randy , Colman Howard , Cohen Adam L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Standard treatment for newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas remains suboptimal. Preclinical data indicate that mesenchymal transition and radiation resistance in glioblastoma are driven by NF-κB and microglia activation, which can be inhibited by minocycline. We assessed the safety and efficacy of minocycline combined with standard radiation and temozolomide in newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas.

Methods
Adults with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma were eligible. Minocycline was given with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. Minocycline doses were escalated using a 3 + 3 design and expanded to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and adverse event profile. Individual progression-free survival (PFS) was compared to predicted PFS based on RTOG RPA class using a binomial test. The relationships between mesenchymal and microglial biomarkers were analyzed with immunohistochemistry.

Results
The MTD of minocycline was 150 mg twice per day (N = 20); 1 patient (5%) experienced CTCAE grade 3 + nausea and dizziness, and 2 patients (10%) demonstrated thrombocytopenia requiring temozolomide interruptions. Twelve patients exceeded their predicted PFS (60%), which did not meet the predefined efficacy endpoint of 70%. Symptoms increased during post-radiation treatment but remained mild. No significant correlation was seen between biomarkers and PFS. Expression levels of P-p65, a marker of NF-κB activation, were correlated with the microglia marker IBA-1.

Conclusions
Minocycline at 150 mg twice per day is well tolerated with standard chemoradiation in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas. PFS was not significantly increased with the addition of minocycline when compared to historical controls. NF-κB activation correlates with microglia levels in high-grade glioma.
Signed Eigenvalue/vector Distribution of Complex Order-Three Random Tensor
Authors: Sasakura Naoki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We compute the signed distribution of the eigenvalues/vectors of the complex order-three random tensor by computing a partition function of a four-fermi theory, where signs are from a Hessian determinant associated to each eigenvector. The issue of the presence of a continuous degeneracy of the eigenvectors is properly treated by a gauge fixing. The final expression is compactly represented by a generating function, which has an expansion whose powers are the dimensions of the tensor index spaces. A crosscheck is performed by Monte Carlo simulations. By taking the large-N limit we obtain a critical point where the behavior of the signed distribution qualitatively changes, and also the end of the signed distribution. The expected agreement of the end of the signed distribution with that of the genuine distribution provides a few applications, such as the largest eigenvalue, the geometric measure of entanglement, and the best rank-one approximation in the large-N limit.
Effect of a synthetic hydroxyapatite-based bone grafting material compared to established bone substitute materials on regeneration of critical-size bone defects in the ovine scapula
Authors: Wüster Jonas , Neckel Norbert , Sterzik Florian , Xiang-Tischhauser Li , Barnewitz Dirk , Genzel Antje , Koerdt Steffen , Rendenbach Carsten , Müller-Mai Christian , Heiland Max , Nahles Susanne , Knabe Christine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lately, the potential risk of disease transmission due to the use of bovine-derived bone substitutes has become obvious, demonstrating the urgent need for a synthetic grafting material with comparable bioactive behaviour and properties. Therefore, the effect of a synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) (Osbone®) bone grafting material on bone regeneration was evaluated 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after implantation in critical-size bone defects in the ovine scapula and compared to that of a bovine-derived HA (Bio-Oss®) and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (Cerasorb® M). New bone formation and the biodegradability of the bone substitutes were assessed histomorphometrically. Hard tissue histology and immunohistochemical analysis were employed to characterize collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, as well as bone sialoprotein expression in the various cell and matrix components of the bone tissue to evaluate the bioactive properties of the bone grafting materials. No inflammatory tissue response was detected with any of the bone substitute materials studied. After 3 and 6 months, β-TCP (Cerasorb® M) showed superior bone formation when compared to both HA-based materials (3 months: β-TCP 55.65 ± 2.03% vs. SHA 49.05 ± 3.84% and BHA 47.59 ± 1.97%; p ≤ 0.03; 6 months: β-TCP 62.03 ± 1.58%; SHA: 55.83 ± 2.59%; BHA: 53.44 ± 0.78%; p ≤ 0.04). Further, after 12 and 18 months, a similar degree of bone formation and bone–particle contact was noted for all three bone substitute materials without any significant differences. The synthetic HA supported new bone formation, osteogenic marker expression, matrix mineralization and good bone-bonding behaviour to an equal and even slightly superior degree compared to the bovine-derived HA. As a result, synthetic HA can be regarded as a valuable alternative to the bovine-derived HA without the potential risk of disease transmission.
Managing Mental Accounts: Payment Cards and Consumption Expenditures
Authors: Gelman Michael , Roussanov Nikolai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Does mental accounting matter for total consumption expenditures? We exploit a unique setting in which individuals exogenously receive a new payment card, without requesting one. Using random variation in the time of receipt, we show that individuals temporarily increase total consumption expenditure by making purchases with the new card without reducing spending on the others. We do not observe a corresponding increase in indebtedness. Total consumption expenditure rises even for the least liquidity-constrained individuals. The evidence is consistent with consumers treating methods of payment as nonfungible budget categories, as suggested by models of mental accounting and narrow bracketing.
Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-positron emission tomography in aortitis: fibroblast pathology in active inflammation and remission
Authors: Röhrich Manuel , Rosales Juan J , Hoppner Jorge , Kvacskay Peter , Blank Norbert , Loi Lisa , Paech Daniel , Schreckenberger Mathias , Giesel Frederik , Kauczor Hans Ulrich , Lorenz Hanns Martin , Haberkorn Uwe , Merkt Wolfgang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesEpigenetically modified fibroblasts contribute to chronicity in inflammatory diseases. Reasons for the relapsing character of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) remain obscure, including the role of fibroblasts, in part due to limited access to biopsies of involved tissue.68Ga FAPI-46 (FAPI)-PET/CT detects activated fibroblasts in vivo. In this exploratory pilot study, we tested the detection of fibroblast activation in vessel walls using FAPI-PET/CT in LVV with aortitis.MethodsEight LVV patients with aortitis and eight age- and gender-matched controls were included. The distribution of FAPI uptake was evaluated in the aorta and large vessels. FAPI-uptake was compared with MRI inflammatory activity scores. Imaging results were compared with clinical parameters such as serum inflammatory markers, time of remission and medication.ResultsThree aortitis patients were clinically active and five in remission. Irrespective of activity, FAPI uptake was significantly enhanced in aortitis compared with controls. Patients in remission had a mean duration of remission of 2.8 years (range 1–4 years), yet significant FAPI uptake in the vessel wall was found. In remitted aortitis, MRI inflammatory scores were close to be negative, while in 4/5 patients visually identifiable FAPI uptake was observed.ConclusionsThis pilot feasibility study shows significant tracer uptake in the aortic walls in LVV. FAPI positivity indicates ongoing fibroblast pathology in clinically remitted LVV.
Risk of chronic kidney disease in 260 patients with lupus nephritis: analysis of a nationwide multicentre cohort with up to 35 years of follow-up
Authors: Farinha Filipa , Barreira Sofia , Couto Maura , Cunha Margarida , Fonseca Diogo , Freitas Raquel , Inês Luís , Luís Mariana , Macieira Carla , Prata Ana R , Rodrigues Joana , Santos Bernardo , Torres Rita , Pepper Ruth J , Rahman Anisur , Santos Maria J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To compare proliferative (PLN) and membranous (MLN) lupus nephritis (LN) regarding clinical and laboratory presentation and long-term outcomes, and to investigate predictors of progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
Multicentre observational study, with retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort, using data from the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Registry – Reuma.pt. Patients with biopsy-proven PLN, MLN and mixed LN were included. Cox regression survival analysis was used to investigate predictors of CKD.

Results
A total of 260 patients were included. Median follow-up was 8 years (IQR 11; minimum 1, maximum 35 years). MLN patients presented with significantly lower serum creatinine [0.70 (IQR 0.20; minimum 0.50, maximum 1.30) mg/dl vs 0.80 (IQR 0.31; minimum 0.26, maximum 2.60) in PLN, P = 0.003]. Proteinuria levels did not differ between groups (P = 0.641). Levels of complement were reduced in PLN but nearly normal in MLN patients, and there were fewer patients with positive anti-dsDNA antibodies in the MLN group (P &lt; 0.001). One year after the beginning of treatment, 62% of the patients achieved EULAR/ERA-EDTA complete response, with a further 5% achieving partial response. Patients with lower proteinuria at diagnosis were more likely to achieve a complete renal response at one year; however, proteinuria at diagnosis or at one year did not predict long-term CKD. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤75 mL/min/1.73 m2 at one year was the strongest predictor of progression to CKD (HR 23 [95% CI 8–62], P &lt; 0.001). Other possible predictors included the use of azathioprine for induction of remission, older age at diagnosis and male sex.

Conclusion
Proteinuria levels did not predict LN histologic class in our cohort. eGFR cutoff of 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 after one year of treatment was strongly predictive of progression to CKD.
A comprehensive history of injection therapy for erectile dysfunction, 1982-2023
Authors: Porst Hartmut , Lewis Ronald , Virag Ronald , Goldstein Irwin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Although oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors represent a first choice and long-term option for about half of all patients with erectile dysfunction (ED), self-injection therapy with vasoactive drugs remains a viable alternative for all those who are not reacting or cannot tolerate oral drug therapy. This current injection therapy has an interesting history beginning in 1982.

Objectives
To provide a comprehensive history of self-injection therapy from the very beginnings in 1982 by contemporary witnesses and some members of the International Society for Sexual Medicine’s History Committee, a complete history of injection therapy is prepared from eyewitness accounts and review of the published literature on the subject, as well as an update of the current status of self-injection therapy.

Methods
Published data on injection therapy, as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for ED, were reviewed thoroughly by PubMed and Medline research from 1982 until June 2023. Early pioneers and witnesses added firsthand details to this historical review. Therapeutic reports of injection therapy were reviewed, and results of side effects and complications were thoroughly reviewed.

Results
The pioneers of the first hours were Ronal Virag (1982) for papaverine, Giles Brindley (1983) for cavernosal alpha-blockade (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine), Adrian Zorgniotti (1985) for papaverine/phentolamine, and Ganesan Adaikan and N. Ishii (1986) for prostaglandin E1. Moxisylyte (thymoxamine) was originally marketed but later withdrawn. The most common side effect is priapism, with the greatest risk of this from papaverine, which has modified its use for therapy. Currently, prostaglandin E1 and trimixes continue to be the agents of choice for diagnostic and therapeutic use in ED. A recent agent is a mixture of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (aviptadil) and phentolamine.

Conclusions
After 40 years, self-injection therapy represents the medication with the highest efficacy and reliability rates and remains a viable option for many couples with ED. The history of this therapy is rich.