bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method for the determination of sorption isotherms of materials demonstrated through soil samples
Authors: Lakatos Á. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Proper understanding of sorption behaviour of the materials is important from the point of view of fundamental research and technology as well for applied building technology. In this paper a simple method is presented for measuring water sorption capability of solid bodies. Moisture sorption and desorption measurements were carried out on soil samples by using climatic chamber. After drying the samples in a Venticell 111 type drying equipment they were treated with a Climacell 111 type climate chamber, where the relative humidity (RH) was varied from 40 to 83% at 22°C for different times (40, 80, 120 and 240 minutes). The samples reached the equilibrium moisture content after 120 minutes for sorption. The desorption isotherm measurements were carried out at 22°C for 80 minutes of exposure at constant RH. At this point hysteresis phenomenon was observed. Besides the moisture content figures the time evolution of the damping process is also presented in this paper.
Quasi-particle fermionic formulas for (k, 3)-admissible configurations
Authors: Jerković Miroslav , Primc Mirko 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We construct new monomial quasi-particle bases of Feigin-Stoyanovsky type subspaces for the affine Lie algebra sl(3;ℂ)∧ from which the known fermionic-type formulas for (k, 3)-admissible configurations follow naturally. In the proof we use vertex operator algebra relations for standard modules and coefficients of intertwining operators.
Tourism and landscape in South Tyrol
Authors: Kreisel Werner , Reeh Tobias 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn increasing number of the people responsible for promoting tourism understand the necessity of landscape conservation and sustainable development. Sustainability and the maintenance of regional identity depend on the kind of tourism that takes account of the landscape and stops short of a blind modification of it, for instance through the installation of inappropriate large-scale tourist infrastructure. Since the 1970s South Tyrol, Italy’s most northern province (Autonome Provinz Bozen/Südtirol; Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Alto Adige), has engaged in tourism of outstanding quality, centreed on the existing landscape potential. Until today this has been the basis for successful tourism development. In the meantime however, there have been calls in South Tyrol for a quantitative expansion, founded on the implementation of an artificial touristic infrastructure and products. As is the case in many other alpine regions, this could be detrimental to the quality of the landscape. Supported by tourism research and based on the authors’ own long-standing experience, this article analyzes the development and trends of tourism in South Tyrol from a geographical perspective and takes a critical look at the various planning prospects and the problems which might evolve for the landscape and for tourism marketing.
The impact of training on the use of electronic health records
Authors: Devkota B , Lamia JF , Pommer N , Smith J , Whitman B 
Published: December 2011

Background: Studies have found that health information technology can improve the quality and efficiency of care delivery through better decision support. Objective: To gauge the effectiveness of electronic health records (EHR) training that was delivered to health care providers in an academic practice, to leverage feedback from the training evaluation to inform the content and process of training health care providers and to understand the impact of EHR implementation on all facets of health care delivery. Methods: A mixed methods instrument was designed to assess learning outcomes (cognitive, attitudinal and behavioral) associated with EHR training. A sample of 220 health care providers who regularly interacted with the EHR system was included. Participants were asked to evaluate cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral aspects of their training with the EHR system. A multidimensional assessment of learning outcomes was selected. Results: On behavioral theme, 50% of our survey respondents answered the questions positively, 28% did not, 16% had mixed feelings, 3% felt EHR had negative impacts and 3% were neutral. On cognitive theme 31% felt EHR had a positive impact, 33% felt it had drawbacks whereas 35% left the answers blank and 1% felt they had no idea. On attitudinal theme, there was positive response from 45%, 21% had negative feelings about the system, 5% were neutral and the rest 25% did not answer. Conclusions: In this study, we found that majority of the respondents were satisfied with the EHR for behavioral and attitudinal themes. Future studies with mandatory response to cognitive theme will help figure out the satisfaction of survey respondents on all themes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v9i3.5580 HR 2011; 9(3): 140-147
Role of methyleprednisolone succinate in the management of acute spinal cord injury
Authors: Karn NK , Shrestha BP , Khanal GP , Rijal R , Chaudhary P , Mahato IP , Das N 
Published: December 2011

Objective: To see the role of methyleprednisolone succinate in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Methods: A randomized control trial was done including the patients with acute spinal cord injury. They were divided into age and gender matched two groups. Patients with presence of active infection, associated open fracture, those on long term steroid and those who did not give consent to participate in the trial were excluded. One group received methyleprednisolone succinate within 8 hours of injury and another group did not receive the drug. Both the groups were managed nonoperatively. The neurological status of the patients was assessed at presentation, once spinal shock was over, at 6th week and 6th month and after one year according to ASIA scoring. Frankel grading was also assessed in every follow up. Conclusion: Methylprednisolone succinct prevents secondary cord injury to a great extent and hence its administration within 8 hours of injury results in a better functional (motor and sensory) outcome. Keywords: acute spinal cord injury; methyleprednisolone succinate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v9i3.5585 HR 2011; 9(3): 168-172
Missing girls: low child sex ratio, study from urban slum and elite area of Nagpur
Authors: Nagargoje B , Jadhao A , Bhardwaj SD , Khadse J 
Published: December 2011

Objectives: To find the child sex ratio in the urban slum and elite area of Nagpur and also to compare child sex ratio according to birth order and sex of previous born child. Methods: The study involved house to house interview of mothers of 0-6 years children from urban slum and elite area of Nagpur city. Information regarding all children born in last 6 years, their date of birth, birth order, sex, interval between two births and information regarding any abortions were noted. Results: Child sex ratio was 934 females per 1000 males combined for both areas. Child sex ratio was significantly low (P<0.05) in elite area (904 females per 1000 males) compared to slum area (964 females per 1000 males). Child sex ratio was highest for Hindus (1051 in slum area and 975 in elite area) and lowest for others (778 in slum area and 375 in elite area). Child sex ratio decreases, as education of mother increases, except when mother was graduate or postgraduate for both areas combined upto birth orders three, child sex ratio was 941 females per 1000 males (981 for slum area and 904 for elite area). In elite area, for the second birth order, number of males was significantly higher than females, when first-born child was female (P<0.05). There was significant difference between number of males and females of second birth order, when the first-born child was male compared to when it was female (P<0.001). Conclusion: There is missing of girl child form the second and subsequent birth order, especially when the previous born child is female, which is more evident in elite area. Keywords: Child sex ratio; urban slum; elite area; birth order; India. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v9i3.5589 HR 2011; 9(3): 189-193
Residual Ventricular Septal Defect after Surgical Repair of TOF - A Case Report
Authors: Hassan MK , Hasan KA , Rahim AMA , Mahmood KN , Hossain SN 
Published: December 2011

Residual Ventricular septal defect after surgical repair for Tetralogy of fallot(TOF) can occasionally be heamodynamically important requiring re-intervention.Closed observation and followup make this defect heamodynamically insignificant, required no medication and no endocarditis.We describe one patient having residual defect after surgical repair of TOF. Keywords TOF; Residual VSD DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v3i2.9196 Cardiovasc. J. 2011; 3(2): 233-234
Coronary Artery Dissection and Perforation Complicating Percutaneous Coronary Intervention  A Review
Authors: Rahman Z , Ullah M , Choudhury AK 
Published: December 2011

After its introduction by Andrew R. Gruentzig in 1977 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is widely utilized in the treatment of symptomatic coronary artery disease. Though it has numerous benefits, serious and potentially life-threatening complications of PCI can occur, including iatrogenic coronary artery dissection and perforation. The incidence of these complications has been augmented by the development of coronary interventional devices intended to remove or ablate tissue. Here we review the classification, incidence, pathogenesis, clinical sequelae and management of coronary artery dissection and perforation in the current era due to PCI. Specifically, the current angiographic classifications of coronary artery dissections and perforations are reviewed. The findings of several recent, registries of PCI-related coronary artery perforations and dissection are summarized. The management of coronary artery dissection and perforation is discussed in details, including the application of newer modalities such as covered stents. Keywords: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); Coronary artery dissection DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v3i2.9198 Cardiovasc. J. 2011; 3(2): 239-247
Post Infarct Left Ventricular Remodeling: Current Concept in Pathophysiology and Management
Authors: Chowdhury NA , Ullah M , Gafur S , Islam Z 
Published: December 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v3i2.9199 Cardiovasc. J. 2011; 3(2): 248-253
Dr. P K Sen- the Bengali Surgeon of the Century
Authors: Hosain N 
Published: December 2011

Dr Parafulla Kumar Sen, popularly known as P K Sen was a great Bengali surgeon of Twentieth century. Regarded as the founder of cardiothoracic surgery in India, Dr Sen performed the first intracardiac operation of any kind, the first open heart surgery and also the first heart transplantation in this subcontinent. He also made very significant contribution in the development of transmyocardial revascularization, a new technique for aortic arch replacement and described a group of nonspecific vasculitis. Dr P K Sen was born in Kolkata, the then capital of undivided Bengal in 1915. But he is little known in Bangladesh. This article is an attempt to notify the deeds of this Bengali surgeon.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v3i2.9200 Cardiovasc. J. 2011; 3(2): 254-257
Germanimum: Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Banaszak Holl Mark M. , Peck David R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article provides an overview of germanium organometallic chemistry from 1994 to 2007. Major advances in the formation and breaking of GeC bonds are discussed as are advances in the physical characterization of these compounds. Recent advances in the formation of organogermanium species containing multiple bonds to germanium and the formation of germanium‐centered radicals and cations are delineated. Applications to the synthesis of germanium‐containing polymers are overviewed.
Tellurium: Organic and Organometallic Compounds
Authors: Laitinen Risto S. , Oilunkaniemi Raija 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe chemistry of organotellurium compounds has developed very rapidly during the recent decades. Tellurium reagents find uses in various aspects of synthetic organic chemistry. Organometallic complexes with tellurolato or telluroether ligands show potential application in the fabrication of new materials for electronic devices. The present article emphasizes the preparation and structural characterization of some of the main classes of organic tellurium compounds and their organometallic complexes that are deemed of interest for inorganic chemists.
Evolution of Microstructure of Cold‐Spray Aluminum Coatings on Al2O3 Substrates
Authors: Dietrich Dagmar , Wielage Bernhard , Lampke Thomas , Grund Thomas , Kümmel Sabine 
Published: December 2011

AbstractElectron backscatter diffraction is used to study the microstructural evolution of cold‐spray aluminum coatings on Al2O3 substrates. The influence of powder purity and substrate heating on the kernel average misorientation and the distribution of low‐angle grain boundaries in as‐sprayed and annealed coatings are discussed in terms of dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization.
Research on the Biocompatibility of the New Magnesium Alloy LANd442—An In Vivo Study in the Rabbit Tibia over 26 Weeks
Authors: Hampp Carolin , Ullmann Berit , Reifenrath Janin , Angrisani Nina , Dziuba Dina , Bormann Dirk , Seitz Jan‐Marten , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: December 2011

AbstractResearch on magnesium based degradable implant materials has finally obtained success in orthopaedics. Based on the previous good results with LAE442 magnesium alloy, the new LANd442 alloy was developed. In doing this, the single element neodymium replaces the rare earth compound. The primary objective of this study is to assess the biocompatibility of the new alloy in the rabbit model. During a 26 week period, the animals were investigated using clinical, radiological and in vivo µ‐CT techniques. Following euthanasia, histological, fluorescent microscopy and ex vivo µ‐CT investigations were done. Clinically, additional bone formed at the implant's location and accumulation of small amounts of subcutaneous gas can be observed. Radiological investigations show brightening of the medullary cavity and thickening in the region of the diaphysis. The µ‐computed tomographies reveal a reduction in the bone density from 1226.31 to 1192.95 mg HA/ccm together with increases in bone porosity from 4.55 to 6.6% and bone volume from 1.51 to 2.06 mm3 · slice−1. By means of fluorochrome sequential marking, the determined MARs lie between day 93 and 120 at 3.58 µm · d−1and between day 120 and 179 at 2.25 µm · d−1. Elevated remodelling processes in the bone are histologically confirmed due to the periosteal and endosteal growths and an increased appearance of osteoclasts.Owing to the established considerable bone remodelling processes following intramedullary implantation, LANd442 appears to be a less suitable degradable implant material for cortical bone applications.
Self‐Assembling, Bioinspired Wax Crystalline Surfaces with Time‐Dependent Wettability
Authors: Pechook Sasha , Pokroy Boaz 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOne of the most fascinating properties of materials in nature is the superhydrophobic and self‐cleaning capabilities of different plant surfaces. This is usually achieved by the hydrophobic cuticles that are made of cutin and contain wax crystals both within them and on their surfaces. Here, bioinspired n‐hexatriacontane wax films are deposited via thermal evaporation and it is shown that the surface evolves in time via self‐assembly. This leads to a dramatic change in the wetting properties with a transition from hydrophobic to superhydrophobic characteristics, which takes place within several days at room temperature. This phenomenon is investigated and strain‐induced recrystallization is proposed to be the mechanism for it. This work could become the basis for the inspiration and production of tuned, time‐dependant, temperature‐sensitive, variable‐wettability surfaces.
A Multifunctional Cationic Pentathiophene: Synthesis, Organelle‐Selective Imaging, and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Yang Gaomai , Liu Libing , Yang Qiong , Lv Fengting , Wang Shu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAt present, there is an urgent necessity for the discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents with novel molecular skeleton structures that exhibit wide spectrum antitumor activity. In this work, a cationic pentathiophene (5T) is synthesized and discovered to have both anticancer activity and molecular imaging property. 5T can selectively accumulate in mitochondria to exhibit organellar imaging and efficiently induce cell apoptosis associating with JNK pathway activation. Additionally, complexes are prepared through electrostatic interactions between 5T and sodium chlorambucil (a widely used anticancer drug) with varying molar ratios. The complexes form nanoparticles in water with the size of about 50 nm. The 5T‐chlorambucil nanoparticles enhance anticancer activity by 2–9 fold due to the synergistical anticancer activity of 5T and chlorambucil. 5T is therefore a promising multifunctional anticancer agent that incorporates optical monitoring capability and anticancer activity that targets mitochondria.
Palladium on Carbon: An Efficient, Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalytic System for Carbonylative Synthesis of N‐Substituted Phthalimides
Authors: Khedkar Mayur V. , Khan Shoeb R. , Sawant Dinesh N. , Bagal Dattatraya B. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe application of palladium on carbon (Pd/C) as a heterogeneous recyclable catalyst was investigated for the double carbonylation of o‐dihaloarenes with amines providing excellent yield of N‐substituted phthalimides in shorter reaction time as compared to earlier reported homogeneous protocols. Furthermore, the scope of the developed protocol was applied for the synthesis N‐substituted phthalimides from o‐halobenzoates and o‐halobenzoic acid via a single step carbonylative cyclization reaction. The developed methodology describes an efficient one‐step approach for the synthesis of an important class of heterocycles and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups. It circumvents the use of phosphine ligands with an additional advantage of catalyst recyclability for up to eight consecutive cycles.
Metal‐Free, Radical Addition to Alkenes via Desulfitative Chlorine Atom Transfer
Authors: Cao Lidong , Weidner Karin , Renaud Philippe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn efficient method for radical additions to unactivated alkenes via desulfitative chlorine‐atom transfer is described. The reaction is based on the use of readily available sulfonyl chlorides as starting materials and cheap radical initiators such as azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), di‐tert‐butyldiazene (DTBD), and dilauroyl peroxide (DLP). No transition metal catalyst is required and the reaction takes place under mild conditions at temperatures ≤85 °C.
Gold versus Silver‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroaminations of Alkenes and Dienes
Authors: Giner Xavier , Nájera Carmen , Kovács Gábor , Lledós Agustí , Ujaque Gregori 
Published: December 2011

AbstractComparative studies about the hydroamination of unactivated alkenes and dienes catalyzed by either cationic gold(I) triphenyl phosphite complexes or silver salts were performed using sulfonamides, anilines and carbamates as nucleophiles. Gold‐catalyzed reactions generally, need lower loadings than those carried out with silver salts. Simple alkenes react only with sulfonamides and weak aromatic amines such as p‐nitroaniline, whereas for conjugated dienes carbamates can also be used. Carbon‐carbon double bond isomerization is observed only with gold similarly to when triflic acid was used, affording mixtures of regioisomeric products in the same cases. Silver‐catalyzed hydroaminations failed with terminal alkenes, except with styrenes. Conjugate dienes can be hydroaminated either at 85 °C in toluene or at room temperature in dichloromethane. Non‐conjugated 1,4‐ and 1,5‐dienes suffer double hydroamination leading to saturated N‐tosylated heterocyclic amines The catalytic cycle for the silver(I)‐catalyzed hydroamination process has been computationally analyzed, resembling gold(I)‐catalyzed processes, although with some significant differences.
An Alternative to Nitromethane as Solvent: The Promoting Influence of Nitro‐Functionalized Imidazolium Salts for Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: Ren Yajun , Li Minghao , Yang Jie , Peng Jiajian , Gu Yanlong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNitromethane, a volatile and toxic organic compound, is commonly used as solvent for organic and catalytic reactions. In order to find an alternative for this specific nitro‐containing organic solvent, the performance of some nitro‐functionalized imidazolium salts such as 1‐methyl‐3‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1‐methyl‐3‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1‐methyl‐3‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide and 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐(4‐ nitrobenzyl)imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, was examined in some reactions including trimethylsilylation of alcohols with hexamethyldisilazane, ring‐opening reactions of 2‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydropyrans with thiophenols or thiols, and a copper‐ mediated oxidative coupling of alkynes. As expected, these imidazolium salts can indeed replace nitromethane in these reactions. Particularly, the imidazolium salt along with the metal catalyst, if involved, can be easily recovered and reused without significant loss of activity. The use of these nitro‐functionalized imidazolium salts as alternative solvents for nitromethane not only confers a green aspect to the reaction system, but also facilitates a rational design of a catalytic system with the concept of green chemistry.
Interspecies scaling: prediction of human biliary clearance and comparison with QSPKR
Authors: Morris Marilyn E. , Yang Xinning , Gandhi Yash A. , Bhansali Suraj G. , Benincosa Lisa J. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prediction performance of various allometric scaling methods in predicting human biliary clearance (CLb) from data in rats or multiple animal species and to compare the prediction performance with that of quantitative structure pharmacokinetic relationship (QSPKR) models. CLb data of parent drugs in rats and humans were collected from the literature for 18 compounds. A simple allometric approach was applied to CLb or unbound CLb using 0.75 or 0.66 as the allometric exponent. For scaling from rat studies alone, the prediction using 0.66 as the exponent was better than that using 0.75, and a better prediction was obtained for unbound CLb than CLb. For a subset of compounds, six multiple‐species scaling methods were compared, with the best prediction achieved with the simple unbound CLb approach. However, in the absence of protein binding data, the correction with maximum life‐span potential (MLP) or ‘Rule of exponent’ (ROE) method offered the best prediction. Overall, multiple species had better predictability than scaling with the rat alone. Comparison of predicted human CLb values using multiple animal species and QSPKR offered similar prediction performance. In conclusion, the results of the present study, although based on limited data, suggested that the prediction for human CLb by allometry was greatly improved by the incorporation of protein binding. Human CLb prediction using rat data alone was not satisfactory. Additionally, QSPKR provides an alternative approach to allometry for the prediction of human biliary clearance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.